bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russian‐Doll‐Like Porous Carbon as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Liu Yujing , Liu Qi , Liu Xiaohui , Zhao Chengyao , Su Ruizhi , Luo Xinwei , Liu Zhongqiu , Ying Anguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPore‐structure design with the sophisticated and pragmatic nanostructures still remains a great challenge. In this work, porous carbon with Russian‐doll‐like pores rather than traditional single modal is fabricated via a boiling carbonization approach, accompanied by K+‐pre‐intercalation. The most important internal factor is that alkali can penetrate into the stereoscopic space of layered Malonic acid dihydrazide and the confinement effect leads to the in‐depth development of different dimensional pore structures. The oxygenated and nitrogenated surface guarantees the K+ intercalation behavior. Benefiting from their open framework and enlarged interlayer spacing, K+‐pre‐intercalated porous carbon with Russian‐doll‐like pores (denoted as KPCRPs) as anode material exhibits promising potassium storage performance. The assembled KPCRP//activated carbon potassium‐ion hybrid supercapacitor in 30 m CH3COOK displays a high energy density of 157.29 Wh kg−1, an ultrahigh power output of 14 kW kg−1, and a long cycling life (99.58% capacity retention after 10000 cycles), highlighting the superiority of Russian‐doll‐like pore structure. This work sheds light on the designing of 3D pores structure, especially for multimodal pore architectures.
Selectively Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution within Nanoscopic Channels Fitting a Specific Reaction Intermediate for Seawater Splitting
Authors: Shin Seokmin , Wi Tae‐Ung , Kong Tae‐Hoon , Park Chanhyun , Lee Hojeong , Jeong Jihong , Lee Eunryeol , Yoon Subhin , Kim Tae‐Hee , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Kwon Youngkook , Song Hyun‐Kon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbundant availability of seawater grants economic and resource‐rich benefits to water electrolysis technology requiring high‐purity water if undesired reactions such as chlorine evolution reaction (CER) competitive to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are suppressed. Inspired by a conceptual computational work suggesting that OER is kinetically improved via a double activation within 7 Å‐gap nanochannels, RuO2 catalysts are realized to have nanoscopic channels at 7, 11, and 14 Å gap in average (dgap), and preferential activity improvement of OER over CER in seawater by using nanochanneled RuO2 is demonstrated. When the channels are developed to have 7 Å gap, the OER current is maximized with the overpotential required for triggering OER minimized. The gap value guaranteeing the highest OER activity is identical to the value expected from the computational work. The improved OER activity significantly increases the selectivity of OER over CER in seawater since the double activation by the 7 Å‐nanoconfined environments to allow an OER intermediate (*OOH) to be doubly anchored to Ru and O active sites does not work on the CER intermediate (*Cl). Successful operation of direct seawater electrolysis with improved hydrogen production is demonstrated by employing the 7 Å‐nanochanneled RuO2 as the OER electrocatalyst.
Wearable High‐Density MXene‐Bioelectronics for Neuromuscular Diagnostics, Rehabilitation, and Assistive Technologies
Authors: Garg Raghav , Driscoll Nicolette , Shankar Sneha , Hullfish Todd , Anselmino Eugenio , Iberite Francesco , Averbeck Spencer , Rana Manini , Micera Silvestro , Baxter Josh R. , Vitale Flavia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh‐density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) allows noninvasive muscle monitoring and disease diagnosis. Clinical translation of current HDsEMG technologies is hampered by cost, limited scalability, low usability, and minimal spatial coverage. Here, this study presents, validates, and demonstrates the broad clinical applicability of dry wearable MXene HDsEMG arrays (MXtrodes) fabricated from safe and scalable liquid‐phase processing of Ti3C2Tx. The fabrication scheme allows easy customization of array geometry to match subject anatomy, while the gel‐free and minimal skin preparation enhance usability and comfort. The low impedance and high conductivity of the MXtrode arrays allow detection of the activity of large muscle groups at higher quality and spatial resolution than state‐of‐the‐art wireless electromyography sensors, and in realistic clinical scenarios. To demonstrate the clinical applicability of MXtrodes in the context of neuromuscular diagnostics and rehabilitation, simultaneous HDsEMG and biomechanical mapping of muscle groups across the whole calf during various tasks, ranging from controlled contractions to walking is shown. Finally, the integration of HDsEMG acquired with MXtrodes with a machine learning pipeline and the accurate prediction of the phases of human gait are shown. The results underscore the advantages and translatability of MXene‐based wearable bioelectronics for studying neuromuscular function and disease, as well as for precision rehabilitation.
Chondrichthyan (Holocephali, Squalomorphii and Batomorphii) remains from the Badenian of southern Hungary (Tekeres, Mecsek Mountains): the first deepwater cartilaginous fishes from the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys
Authors: Szabó Márton , Kocsis László , Tóth Emőke , Szabó Péter , Németh Tamás , Sebe Krisztina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMiddle Miocene (Badenian) chondrichthyan fossils collected from the Tekeres Schlieren Member of the Baden Formation at Tekeres (southern Hungary, Mecsek Mts) are described here. The chondrichthyan assemblage is exceptionally diverse and well‐preserved, and consists of holocephalans, selachians and batomorphs. Nine taxa are reported for the first time from the Badenian of the Central Paratethys:Ischyodussp.,Hexanchuscf.nakamurai,Centrophorussp.,Isistius triangulus,Pristiophorussp.,Sphyrna integra,Rajacf.gentili,Dasyatiscf.pastinacaandMobula fragilis. The fauna is characterized by many deepwater taxa, making it the first bathyal vertebrate assemblage of the Badenian Central Paratethys. However, typically shallow water, littoral forms are also present, which are worn and often broken, indicating that some of the Tekeres fauna was transported and redeposited from a shallow, coastal setting into deeper water environments. Rapid basin deepening and the resulting steep topography can be linked to ongoing rifting of the south‐west Pannonian Basin. The majority of the studied chondrichthyan fauna have extant representatives in the Mediterranean, which supports an active faunal connection between the Mediterranean and the Central Paratethys via the Slovenian Corridor and the existence of a network of deepwater habitats at least along this pathway.
Hydrolysis of Oat Starch by Amyloglucosidase and Pullulanase
Authors: Başarıcı Ünlü Esra , Aykaç Çiğdem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study describes the enzymatic conversion of oat starch to maltose and glucose under laboratory conditions. First, oat starch is isolated by two different extraction methods (alkali and acid‐alkali). Second, enzymatic starch hydrolysis is carried out for 10% and 12.5% starch solutions obtained by both extraction methods. Third, pullulanase usage together with amyloglucosidase is investigated during saccharification. Finally, effects of the extraction method, starch concentration, and use of pullulanase are evaluated. The use of a 12.5% starch solution obtained by the acid‐alkali method results in higher rates of conversion of starch to glucose and maltose, expressing better substrate for syrup production compared to alkali starch. The use of pullulanase increases the rate of starch conversion to glucose and maltose. The highest conversion of starch to glucose is found to be 49.06% when pullulanase (12 U) is used with amyloglucosidase. The highest dextrose equivalence (DE) value is 97.71, and it is obtained by using pullulanase in 10% ​​acid‐alkali starch. The data obtained in the study show that oat starch can be a suitable source for use in sugar syrup production. The 12.5% starch ​​concentration provides high yield, and the use of pullulanase increases both the amount of hydrolysis products and the DE value.
Elucidating the impact of the ionomer equivalent weight on a platinum group metal‐free PEMFC cathode via oxygen limiting current
Authors: Wang Hao , Osmieri Luigi , Yu Haoran , Zachman Michael J. , Park Jae Hyung , Kariuki Nancy N. , Cetinbas Firat C. , Khandavalli Sunilkumar , Mauger Scott , Myers Deborah J. , Cullen David A. , Neyerlin Kenneth C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLeveraging the interactions between ionomer and catalyst can increase the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The impacts of the equivalent weight (EW) of perfluorosulfonic acid–based ionomers on the platinum group metal‐free electrode structure and fuel cell performance have not been fully explored. Four membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were prepared by using a commercial Fe–N–C catalyst, two perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers with different EWs, that is, Aquivion 720 (A720) and Nafion 1100 (N1100), and two ionomer‐to‐catalyst (I/C) ratios. The four MEAs were characterized to understand the impact of the ionomer EW and content on the capacitance, proton conductivity, and mass transport on the cathode. The mass transport resistance was measured for the first time using a new oxygen reduction reaction limiting current method enabling to couple the effects of oxygen diffusion with liquid water generation. Low EW ionomer combined with a moderate I/C results in improved performance due to its enhanced proton conductivity. However, when used at high I/C, it can cause severe water flooding at high current density due to the enhanced liquid water uptake, especially at high relative humidity, resulting in lower catalyst utilization and higher mass transport resistance.
Breaking down the STEM pathway: Utilizing neighborhood resources to improve Mexican‐origin adolescents' life chances
Authors: Oh Sae Hyun , Leventhal Tama 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to identify neighborhood institutional resources (e.g., nonprofit organizations, libraries, and labor market conditions) that promote Mexican‐origin high school students' progress in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pathway into postsecondary education. A nationally representative, longitudinal sample of 1340 Mexican‐origin students from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 was used to investigate students' postsecondary education STEM outcomes. Neighborhood institutional resources, assessed during the high school years, were appended from multiple administrative data sources at the zip code level. Multilevel models utilizing the Heckman correction model, to correct for selection bias in postsecondary education pursuits, revealed that neighborhood resources during high school, specifically more minority‐ and immigrant‐serving organizations and a more STEM‐focused local labor market, support Mexican‐origin students' postsecondary STEM degree attainment, after controlling for risks and resources in the family and school contexts. We conclude by calling attention to how neighborhood institutional resources may facilitate Mexican‐origin students' STEM achievement and fulfill the labor market demands within high‐growth sectors of the economy.
Real‐time use of artificial intelligence (CADEYE) in colorectal cancer surveillance of patients with Lynch syndrome—A randomized controlled pilot trial (CADLY)
Authors: Hüneburg Robert , Bucksch Karolin , Schmeißer Friederike , Heling Dominik , Marwitz Tim , Aretz Stefan , Kaczmarek Dominik J. , Kristiansen Glen , Hommerding Oliver , Strassburg Christian P. , Engel Christoph , Nattermann Jacob 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLynch syndrome (LS), an autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenic germline variants in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, represents the most common hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome. Lynch syndrome patients are at high risk of CRC despite regular endoscopic surveillance.ObjectiveOur aim was to investigate the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted colonoscopy in comparison to High‐Definition white‐light endoscopy (HD‐WLE) for the first time.MethodsPatients ≥18 years with LS, with a pathogenic germline variant (MLH1, MHS2, MSH6), and at least one previous colonoscopy (interval 10–36 months) were eligible. Patients were stratified by previous CRC and affected MMR gene with a 1:1 allocation ratio (AI‐assisted vs. HD white‐light endoscopy) in this exploratory pilot trial.ResultsBetween Dec‐2021 and Dec‐2022, 101 LS patients were randomised and 96 patients were finally analyzed after exclusion of 5 patients due to insufficient bowel preparation. In the HD‐WLE arm, adenomas were detected in 12/46 patients compared to 18/50 in the AI arm (26.1% [95% CI 14.3–41.1] vs. 36.0% [22.9–50.8]; p = 0.379). The use of AI‐assisted colonoscopy especially increased detection of flat adenomas (Paris classification 0‐IIb) (examinations with detected flat adenomas: 3/46 [6.5%] vs. 10/50 [20%]; p = 0.07; numbers of detected flat adenomas: 4/20 vs. 17/30, p = 0.018). The median withdrawal time did not differ significantly between HD‐WLE and AI (14 vs. 15 min; p = 0.170).ConclusionWe here present first data suggesting that real‐time AI‐assisted colonoscopy is a promising approach to optimize endoscopic surveillance in LS patients, in particular to improve the detection of flat adenomas.
The professionalism of forensic science
Authors: Willis Sheila 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA profession is characterized by specialized knowledge, barriers to entry, and self‐regulation. While these attributes are noted in subdisciplines, forensic science as an entity is not well recognized and does not have these traits. Most forensic science is produced in organizations so a quick review of organizational forms is useful to consider which best suit the nurturing of such traits. Overall tacit forensic science knowledge is neither passed from subdiscipline to subdiscipline or generation to another resulting in lost opportunities in education, research, and practice. Professional bodies could help address this using the definition and principles in the Sydney Declaration and more effectively address some of the issues criticized in forensic science than the existing methods which frequently do not take an overview.This article is categorized under:
Ethical and Social Implications
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Cell surface‐nanoengineering for cancer targeting immunoregulation and precise immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Huang Guojun , Hou Qi , Pan Hong , Cai Lintao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLiving cells have become ideal therapeutic agents for cancer treatment owing to their innate activities, such as efficient tumor targeting and delivery, easy engineering, immunomodulatory properties, and fewer adverse effects. However, cell agents are often fragile to rigorous tumor microenvironment (TME) and limited by inadequate therapeutic responses, leading to unwanted treatment efficacy. Cell nanomodification, particularly the cell surface‐nanoengineering has emerged as reliable and efficient strategy that not only combines cell activity properties with nanomaterials but also endows them with extra novel functions, enabling to achieve remarkable treatment results. In this review, we systematically introduce two major strategies have been adopted to develop cell surface engineering with nanomaterials, mainly including living cell nano‐backpacks and cell membrane‐mimicking nanoparticles (NPs). Based on various functional NPs and cell types, we focus on reviewing the cell‐surface nanoengineering for targeted drug delivery, immune microenvironment regulation, and precisely antitumor therapy. The advances and challenges of cell surface‐nanoengineered antitumor agents for cancer therapy applications are further discussed in future clinical practice. This review provides an overview of the advances in cell surface‐engineering for targeting immunoregulation and treatment and could contribute to the future of advanced cell‐based antitumor therapeutic applications.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Introduction
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis book introduces Owl, a numerical library we have been developing and maintaining for years. We develop Owl for scientific and engineering computing in the OCaml language. It focuses on providing a comprehensive set of high-level numerical functions so that developers can quickly build up any data analytical applications. Over years of intensive development and continuous optimization, Owl has evolved into a powerful software system with competitive performance compared to mainstream numerical libraries. Meanwhile, Owl’s overall architecture remains simple and elegant. Its small codebase can be easily managed by a small group of developers.
Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere are many articles teaching people how to build intelligent applications using different frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, etc. However, except those very professional research papers, very few articles can give us a comprehensive understanding on how to develop such frameworks. In this chapter, rather than just “casting spells,” we focus on explaining how to make the magic work in the first place. We will dissect the deep neural network module in Owl, then demonstrate how to assemble different building blocks to build a working framework. Owl’s neural network module is a full-featured DNN framework. You can define a neural network in a very compact and elegant way thanks to OCaml’s expressiveness. The DNN applications built on Owl can achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Barnacle geese Branta leucopsis breeding on Novaya Zemlya: current distribution and population size estimated from tracking data
Authors: Lameris Thomas K. , Pokrovskaya Olga B. , Kondratyev Alexander V. , Anisimov Yuriy A. , Buitendijk Nelleke H. , Glazov Petr M. , van der Jeugd Henk P. , Kampichler Christian , Kruckenberg Helmut , Litvin Konstantin E. , Loshchagina Julia A. , Moonen Sander , Müskens Gerard J. D. , Nolet Bart A. , Schreven Kees H. T. , Sierdsema Henk , Zaynagutdinova Elmira M. , Boom Michiel P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Russian breeding population of barnacle geese Branta leucopsis has shown a rapid increase in numbers since 1980, which has coincided with a southwest-wards breeding range expansion within the Russian Arctic. Here barnacle geese also started to occupy coastal and marsh land habitats, in which they were not know to nest on their traditional breeding grounds. While these changes have been well documented by studies and observations throughout the new breeding range of barnacle geese, observations are lacking from the traditional breeding grounds on Novaya Zemlya, as this area is remote and difficult to access. This is especially relevant given rapid climate warming in this area, which may impact local distribution and population size. We used GPS-tracking and behavioural biologging data from 46 individual barnacle geese captured on their wintering grounds to locate nest sites in the Russian Arctic and study nesting distribution in 2008–2010 and 2018–2020. Extrapolating from nest counts on Kolguev Island, we estimate the breeding population on Novaya Zemlya in 2018–2020 to range around 75,250 pairs although the confidence interval around this estimate was large. A comparison with the historical size of the barnacle goose population suggests an increase in the breeding population on Novaya Zemlya, corresponding with changes in other areas of the breeding range. Our results show that many barnacle geese on Novaya Zemlya currently nest on lowland tundra on Gusinaya Zemlya Peninsula. This region has been occupied by barnacle geese only since 1990 and appears to be mainly available for nesting in years with early spring. Tracking data are a valuable tool to increase our knowledge of remote locations, but counts of breeding individuals or nests are needed to further corroborate estimates of breeding populations based on tracking data.
Pedobarographic evaluation of five commonly used orthoses for the lower extremity
Authors: Ehrnthaller C. , Rellensmann K. , Baumbach S. F. , Wuehr M. , Schniepp R. , Saller M. M. , Böcker W. , Polzer Hans 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Orthoses are designed to achieve immobilization or off-loading of certain regions of the foot. Yet, their off-loading capacity for the specific regions has not yet been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the plantar pressure distribution of five commonly applied orthoses for foot and ankle in a healthy population.

Materials and Methods
Five orthoses (postoperative shoe, forefoot relief shoe, short walker boot, high walker boot, and calcaneus fracture orthosis) were compared pedobarographically using insoles on a treadmill to a ready-made running shoe in eleven healthy subjects (median age 29 years). Peak pressure, maximum force, force–time integral, contact time, and contact area were evaluated separately for the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot.

Results
The forefoot relief shoe, the short- and high walker boot significantly reduced the peak pressure at the forefoot with no significant differences between these orthoses. None of the five orthoses off-loaded the midfoot, but the calcaneus fracture orthosis and the short walker boot instead increased midfoot load. For the hindfoot, the calcaneus fracture orthosis was the only device to significantly reduce the peak pressure.

Conclusions
This is the first study to investigate the specific off-loading capacities of different orthoses for specific foot regions in a healthy collective. The knowledge of absolute and relative load shifts for the different orthoses is of fundamental interest for targeted clinical decision-making of physicians.
Comparison between topical cetirizine with minoxidil versus topical placebo with minoxidil in female androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Bassiouny Eglal A. , El-Samanoudy Solwan I. , Abbassi Maggie M. , Nada Hanan R. , Farid Samar F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in both genders with a higher psychological impact on females. Currently, topical minoxidil is the only FDA-approved treatment for female AGA and it needs life-long application and causes side effects. Cetirizine is an antihistamine that may be effective in hair loss treatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of topical cetirizine with minoxidil (group 1) versus topical minoxidil with placebo (group 2) in female patients with AGA. This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel study conducted at Dermatology Clinic, Cairo University Teaching Hospital (Kasr- Al- Ainy), Egypt. Sixty-six patients with female AGA, aged 20–50 years, Sinclair (II–IV), were randomly assigned to one of the 2 groups for 24 weeks. The trichoscopic parameters, patients’ self-assessment, side effects and global photographic assessment were evaluated. There was a statistically significant change from baseline in frontal and vertex terminal and vellus hair density (P < 0.0005) with a significant increase in vertex hair shaft thickness and average number of hairs per follicular unit in group 1 (P < 0.05). Patients reported significantly better scores in patient self-assessment in group 1 (P < 0.05). Side effects were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05). Topical cetirizine increases hair shaft thickness and results in a higher clinical improvement from patients’ perspective with a good safety profile (NCT04481412, study start date: July 2020).