bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host phylogeny and functional traits differentiate gut microbiomes in a diverse natural community of small mammals
Authors: Brown Bianca R. P. , Goheen Jacob R. , Newsome Seth D. , Pringle Robert M. , Palmer Todd M. , Khasoha Leo M. , Kartzinel Tyler R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDifferences in the bacterial communities inhabiting mammalian gut microbiomes tend to reflect the phylogenetic relatedness of their hosts, a pattern dubbed phylosymbiosis. Although most research on this pattern has compared the gut microbiomes of host species across biomes, understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes that generate phylosymbiosis requires comparisons across phylogenetic scales and under similar ecological conditions. We analysed the gut microbiomes of 14 sympatric small mammal species in a semi‐arid African savanna, hypothesizing that there would be a strong phylosymbiotic pattern associated with differences in their body sizes and diets. Consistent with phylosymbiosis, microbiome dissimilarity increased with phylogenetic distance among hosts, ranging from congeneric sets of mice and hares that did not differ significantly in microbiome composition to species from different taxonomic orders that had almost no gut bacteria in common. While phylosymbiosis was detected among just the 11 species of rodents, it was substantially weaker at this scale than in comparisons involving all 14 species together. In contrast, microbiome diversity and composition were generally more strongly correlated with body size, dietary breadth, and dietary overlap in comparisons restricted to rodents than in those including all lineages. The starkest divides in microbiome composition thus reflected the broad evolutionary divergence of hosts, regardless of body size or diet, while subtler microbiome differences reflected variation in ecologically important traits of closely related hosts. Strong phylosymbiotic patterns arose deep in the phylogeny, and ecological filters that promote functional differentiation of cooccurring host species may disrupt or obscure this pattern near the tips.
Revealing the impact of the hidden curriculum on faculty teaching: A qualitative study
Authors: Lee Ciara Ann , Wilkinson Timothy James , Timmermans Julie Anita , Ali Anthony Naushad , Anakin Megan Grayce 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn health professions education, faculty may feel frustrated or challenged by aspects of their teaching. The concept of a hidden curriculum for students describes the expectations and assumptions enacted in educational programmes that tacitly impact students' learning experiences. A hidden curriculum has been suggested as a possible influence on faculty but has not been well explored. The aim of this study was to explain how a hidden curriculum might operate for faculty in health professions education.MethodsAn interpretivist perspective was used to frame this qualitative study that examined one‐on‐one interview data generated with 16 faculty members from six different health care professions. Participants were asked to describe teaching experiences that they perceived as demanding. Using a hidden curriculum framework, descriptions of demanding teaching experiences were analysed inductively to identify relationships between a teacher's intended practice and what they could accomplish. These relationships were interpreted as the possible ways that a hidden curriculum was operating for faculty.ResultsA hidden curriculum for faculty was found to operate in three ways by undervaluing the importance of having teaching expertise, undermining teaching goals through institutional conventions and perpetuating feelings of isolation.DiscussionA hidden curriculum for faculty can be represented as multiple overlapping domains and shape how faculty experience their teaching roles. The results provide examples that reveal how a hidden curriculum may operate for faculty. Faculty developers may find the insights provided by this study useful to make the hidden curriculum visible and help their faculty make sense of and navigate demanding teaching experiences.
Efficacy of aprepitant as a prophylactic medication in adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome
Authors: Patel Milan , Partovi Omeed , Mooers Harrison , Kovacic Katja , Garacchi Zhuping , Venkatesan Thangam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAprepitant is a neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, and recent guidelines by the American Neurogastoenterology and Motility Society recommend its use as prophylaxis in moderate‐to severe cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). Data are limited to small studies in children. We aimed to determine its efficacy in adults with CVS.MethodsA retrospective review of CVS patients diagnosed using Rome criteria at a tertiary referral center was conducted. Drug response was defined as >50% reduction in symptoms and/or healthcare utilization. An intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis was conducted.Key ResultsOf 96 patients prescribed aprepitant, 26 (27%) were unable to start due to cost/lack of insurance coverage. Of 70 receiving therapy, mean age was 33 ± 11 years; 51 (73%) were female and 56 (80%) Caucasian. The majority (93%) were refractory to other prophylactic medications. Aprepitant was taken thrice weekly in 51 (73%), daily in 16 (23%) and a few times a month in 3 (4%) due to cost. Fifty (71.4%) had a global symptom response to aprepitant. There was significant reduction in the number of CVS episodes (14.5 ± 11.7 to 6.2 ± 8.0, p < 0.0001), emergency department visits (4.2 ± 7.7 to 1.8 ± 3.4, p = 0.006), and hospital admissions (1.6 ± 3.9 to 0.8 ± 2.1, p = 0.02) in patients treated with aprepitant. Seven (10%) discontinued the drug due to minor side effects.Conclusions and InferencesAprepitant is a safe and effective prophylactic medication in adults with refractory CVS. Adequate insurance coverage is a major barrier preventing its use.
MOTHER‐OF‐FT‐AND‐TFL1 regulates the seed oil and protein content in soybean
Authors: Cai Zhandong , Xian Peiqi , Cheng Yanbo , Zhong Yiwang , Yang Yuan , Zhou Qianghua , Lian Tengxiang , Ma Qibin , Nian Hai , Ge Liangfa 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Soybean is a major crop that produces valuable seed oil and protein for global consumption. Seed oil and protein are regulated by complex quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and have undergone intensive selections during the domestication of soybean. It is essential to identify the major genetic components and understand their mechanism behind seed oil and protein in soybean.

We report that MOTHER‐OF‐FT‐AND‐TFL1 (GmMFT) is the gene of a classical QTL that has been reported to regulate seed oil and protein content in many studies.

Mutation of MFT decreased seeds oil content and weight in both Arabidopsis and soybean, whereas increased expression of GmMFT enhanced seeds oil content and weight. Haplotype analysis showed that GmMFT has undergone selection, which resulted in the extended haplotype homozygosity in the cultivated soybean and the enriching of the oil‐favorable allele in modern soybean cultivars.

This work unraveled the GmMFT‐mediated mechanism regulating seed oil and protein content and seed weight, and revealed a previously unknown function of MFT that provides new insights into targeted soybean improvement and breeding.
Refractive development I: Biometric changes during emmetropisation
Authors: Rozema Jos J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeAlthough there are many reports on ocular growth, these data are often fragmented into separate parameters or for limited age ranges. This work intends to create an overview of normal eye growth (i.e., in absence of myopisation) for the period before birth until 18 years of age.MethodsThe data for this analysis were taken from a search of six literature databases using keywords such as “[Parameter] & [age group]”, with [Parameter] the ocular parameter under study and [age group] an indication of age. This yielded 34,409 references that, after screening of title, abstract and text, left 294 references with usable data. Where possible, additional parameters were calculated, such as the Bennett crystalline lens power, whole eye power and axial power.ResultsThere were 3422 average values for 17 parameters, calculated over a combined total of 679,398 individually measured or calculated values. The age‐related change in refractive error was best fitted by a sum of four exponentials (r2 = 0.58), while all other biometric parameters could be fitted well by a sum of two exponentials and a linear term (‘bi‐exponential function’;r2range: 0.64–0.99). The first exponential of the bi‐exponential fits typically reached 95% of its end value before 18 months, suggesting that these reached genetically pre‐programmed passive growth. The second exponentials reached this point between 4 years of age for the anterior curvature and well past adulthood for most lenticular dimensions, suggesting that this part represents the active control underlying emmetropisation. The ocular components each have different growth rates, but growth rate changes occur simultaneously at first and then act independently after birth.ConclusionsMost biometric parameters grow according to a bi‐exponential pattern associated with passive and actively modulated eye growth. This may form an interesting reference to understand myopisation.
Mortality and morbidity of extremely low birth weight infants in Japan, 2015
Authors: Miyazawa Tokuo , Arahori Hitomi , Ohnishi Satoshi , Shoji Hromichi , Matsumoto Atsushi , Wada Yuka Sano , Takahashi Naoto , Takayanagi Toshimitsu , Toishi Satoshi , Nagaya Ken , Hasegawa Hisaya , Hayakawa Masahiro , Hida Mariko , Fukuhara Rie , Yamada Yasumasa , Kawai Masahiko , Takashi Kusaka , Wada Kazuko , Morioka Ichiro , Mizuno Katsumi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, the mortality rate of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants is notably low in comparison with other developed countries, but the prevalence of chronic lung disease (CLD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is relatively high. This study aimed to estimate the mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants born in 2015 who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan and to examine the factors that affected the short‐term outcomes of these infants. We also compared the mortality of ELBW infants born in 2005, 2010, and 2015.MethodsWe analyzed the mortality, morbidity, and factors related to short‐term outcomes of ELBW infants, using data from 2782 infants born in 2015 and registered at NICUs in Japan.ResultsThe mortality rates during NICU stays were 17.0%, 12.0%, and 9.8% for ELBW infants born in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Among ELBW infants born in 2015, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that short gestational age and low birthweight Z‐score contributed to the increased risk of death. Births by cesarean section and antenatal corticosteroid administration were significantly associated with a reduced risk of death. Among infants who survived, CLD was observed in 53.1% and ROP requiring treatment was observed in 30.4%.ConclusionsMortality in ELBW infants decreased significantly from 2005 to 2015. As CLD and ROP may affect quality of life and long‐term outcomes of infants who survived, prevention strategies and management for these complications are critical issues in neonatal care in Japan.
Efficacy of cEEG and hepatic function to diagnose early acute encephalopathy
Authors: Sakurai Yoshio , Osada Kohei , Sakamoto Wataru , Uchida Yuta , Kawano Akiko , Kobayashi Shingo , Chikaishi Maki , Kojima Hideo , Ozawa Junichi , Sakai Hirokazu , Moriwaki Koichi , Yamanouchi Hideo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly treatment may improve the prognosis of acute encephalopathy (AE). However, methods for early diagnosis have not yet been established. In this paper, we examined methods for the early diagnosis of AE.MethodsWe extracted data on patients with febrile status epilepticus from the electronic medical records in our department between March 2016 and April 2021. Among these, 79 patients who underwent continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) were included in this study. Patients who exhibited psychomotor retardation or abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings were assigned to Group E (n = 20), and the remaining patients were the control group (Group C, n = 59). The following tests were compared retrospectively between these two groups on admission: cEEG, serum hepatic function tests, and blood coagulation tests.ResultsThe percentage of patients who exhibited high‐amplitude slow waves or flat waves on cEEG at the time of admission was statistically significantly higher in Group E than in Group C (p < 0.01). Moreover, the percentage of patients whose high‐amplitude slow waves or flat brain waves on admission disappeared within 6 h after an initial episode of convulsion was statistically significantly lower in Group E than in Group C (p < 0.01). Furthermore, all the items in the coagulation and the hepatic function tests were statistically significantly different in Group E from those in Group C (p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results showed that cEEG together with hepatic function and coagulation tests may be useful for the differential diagnosis of AE.
Floral colour variation ofNicotiana glaucain native and non‐native ranges: Testing the role of pollinators' perception and abiotic factors
Authors: Costa A. , Moré M. , Sérsic A. N. , Cocucci A. A. , Drewniak M. E. , Izquierdo J. V. , Coetzee A. , Pauw A. , Traveset A. , Paiaro V. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTInvasive plants displaying disparate pollination environments and abiotic conditions in native and non‐native ranges provide ideal systems to test the role of different ecological factors driving flower colour variation.We quantified corolla reflectance of the ornithophilous South AmericanNicotiana glaucain native populations, where plants are pollinated by hummingbirds, and in populations from two invaded regions: South Africa, where plants are pollinated by sunbirds, and the Balearic island of Mallorca, where plants reproduce by selfing. Using visual modelling we examined how corolla reflectance could be perceived by floral visitors present in each region. Through Mantel tests we assessed a possible association between flower colour and different abiotic factors.Corolla reflectance variation (mainly along medium to long wavelengths,i.e.human green‐yellow to red colours) was greater among studied regions than within them. Flower colour was more similar between South America and South Africa, which share birds as pollinators. Within invaded regions, corolla reflectance variation was lower in South Africa, where populations could not be distinguished from each other by sunbirds, than in Spain, where populations could be distinguished from each other by their occasional visitors. Differences in corolla colour among populations were partially associated with differences in temperature.Our findings suggest that shifts in flower colour ofN. glaucaacross native and invaded ranges could be shaped by changes in both pollination environment and climatic factors. This is the first study on plant invasions considering visual perception of different pollinators and abiotic drivers of flower colour variation.
Social equity in federal contracting during emergencies: A portfolio management perspective
Authors: Dimand Ana‐Maria , Patrucco Andrea S. , Rodriguez‐Plesa Evelyn , Hiriscau Andra M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile the U.S. federal government strives to advance social equity in government contracting through various policies to support small disadvantaged business enterprises (SDBEs), entry barriers persist. Drawing on federal government spending data from the initial response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, this study estimates logistic and multinomial logistic regressions using portfolio management theory to understand what factors can favor SDBE participation in government contracts during the immediate response to emergencies and whether these factors differ when governments award strategic versus non‐strategic contracts. The results show that governments do not necessarily have to reduce competition to favor SDBE participation in government contracts, as some of these suppliers can participate and win competitive procedures. Although non‐SDBE suppliers were still more likely to be awarded contracts during the initial emergency response, SDBE suppliers were more likely to win procedures for strategic and important supplies.
The potential of international ‘State‐as‐polluter’ litigation
Authors: Lorteau Steve 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNational fossil fuel companies, public utilities and other State entities are responsible for vast amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. The pollution of these State entities represents a substantial departure from the due diligence standards of international law. This article evaluates the promise of international climate litigation against State pollution sources, or international ‘State‐as‐polluter’ litigation, as a tool to overcome the gap between international norms and State conduct. The analysis shows that the conduct of State‐controlled polluters may be attributable to States in certain situations. It further suggests that States can incur international responsibility for their failure to comply with heightened due diligence obligations in relation to State‐controlled polluters.
Effects of Rough Boundaries on Rayleigh–Bénard Convection in Nanofluids
Authors: Firdose Heena , Siddheshwar P. G. , Idris Ruwaidiah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A linear stability analysis of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a Newtonian nanofluid is carried out using most general boundary conditions. A single-phase description of nanofluids is adopted in the study. The nanofluids used for the study are water–alumina and water–copper nanofluids in order to analyze how a choice between them can be made. The values of thermophysical quantities of nanofluids are calculated using the mixture theory and phenomenological-laws. The paper applies the Maclaurin series in solving the boundary-eigenvalue-problem through a simple and innovative approach. A single-term Galerkin technique is adopted to obtain the guess value of the critical Rayleigh number and the wave number. Further, improved values of the Rayleigh number and the wave number are obtained using the solution of a system of three linear-algebraic equations. A detailed discussion is made on the effect of rough-boundaries and Robin-boundary conditions for temperature on the onset of convection. A comparative study between the results of two nanofluids is made and the destabilizing effect of nanoparticles in the Newtonian carrier-fluid on the onset of convection is studied.
Thermal Instability in Nanoliquid Under Four Types of Magnetic-Field Modulation Within Hele-Shaw Cell
Authors: Rai S. N. , Bhadauria B. S. , Kumar Anish , Singh B. K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The influence of trigonometric cosine, square, sawtooth, and triangular wave types of magnetic-field modulation in nanoliquid within Hele-Shaw cell is studied in this paper utilizing linear/nonlinear explorations. The solvability condition to the third-order solution of the referred model equation has been imposed to get the cubic Ginzburg–Landau equation (GBL-equation) which is utilized to measure the rate of heat (or mass) transfer. In the sequel, the influence of the nondimensional parameters is discussed graphically in detail. It is demonstrated that Prandtl number (Pr)/magnetic Prandtl number (Prm)/Lewis-number (Le)/redefined diffusivity-ratio (NA)/concentration Rayleigh-number (RS1) and magnitude of the magnetic-modulation (δ) destabilize the system, that is, the heat/mass transfer increases. On the other hand, nanoliquid magnetic-number (Q), Hele–Shaw number (Hs), and modulating-frequency (ω) stabilize the system. The outcomes demonstrate that the magnetic-field modulation can be imposed significantly to increase or decrease the heat/mass transfer.
Parallel Alternating Direction Primal-Dual (PADPD) Algorithm for Multi-Block Centralized Optimization
Authors: Shaho Alaviani Seyyed , Kelkar Atul G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, a centralized two-block separable convex optimization with equality constraint and its extension to multi-block optimization are considered. The first fully parallel primal-dual discrete-time algorithm called Parallel Alternating Direction Primal-Dual (PADPD) is proposed. In the algorithm, the primal variables are updated in an alternating fashion like Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). The algorithm can handle non-smoothness of objective functions with strong convergence. Unlike existing discrete-time algorithms such as Method of Multipliers (MM), ADMM, Parallel ADMM, Bi-Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (Bi-ADMM), and Primal-Dual Fixed Point (PDFP) algorithms, all primal and dual variables in the proposed algorithm are updated independently. Therefore, the time complexity of the algorithm can be significantly reduced. It is shown that the rate of convergence of the algorithm for quadratic or linear cost functions is exponential or linear under suitable assumptions. The algorithm can be directly extended to any finite multi-block optimization without further assumptions while preserving its convergence. PADPD algorithm not only can compute more iterations (since it is fully parallel) for the same time-step but it is also possible that PADPD algorithm can have a faster convergence rate than that of ADMM. Finally, two numerical examples are provided in order to show advantage of PADPD algorithm.
Low-symmetry azaanalogues of perhalogenated subphthalocyanine
Authors: Kovkova Ulyana P. , Skvortsov Ivan A. , Khodov Ilya A. , Efimov Sergey V. , Zhabanov Yuriy A. , Somov Nikolay V. , Liang Xu , Pakhomov Georgy L. , Stuzhin Pavel A. 
Published: February 2023

Novel electron-deficient low-symmetry perhalogenated azaanalogues of subphthalocyanine, [Cl2F8N2subPc] and [Cl4F4N4subPc], were prepared by mixed co-cyclotrimerization of tetrafluorophthalonitrile and 5,6-dichloropyrazine-3,4-dicarbonitrile in p-xylene in the presence of BCl3. They were characterized by MALDI mass-spectrometry, UV-VIS, IR, [Formula: see text]C, and [Formula: see text]F NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structure of [Cl2F8N2subPc] was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The spectral-luminescence and redox properties of [Cl2F8N2subPc] and [Cl4F4N4subPc] as well as peculiarities of their electronic structure are compared with the corresponding symmetrically substituted compounds - perfluorosubphthalocyanine, [F[Formula: see text]subPc], and hexachlorotripyrazinosubporphyrazine, [Cl6N6subPc]. Consecutive substitution of one and two tetrafluorobenzene fragments by dichloropyrazine units leads to stabilization of the frontier [Formula: see text]-molecular orbitals and widening of the HOMO–LUMO gap. As a result, electron-affinity of the macrocycle is increased and the first reduction potentials are increasingly shifted in the less negative region from -0.43 V for [F[Formula: see text]subPc] to -0.31 V for [Cl2F8N2subPc], -0.19 V for [Cl4F4N4subPc], and the maxima of the Q-band is shifted hypsochromically from 573 nm to 565 and 553 nm, respectively. Preliminary photoelectrical measurements indicate that novel compounds can be used as acceptor materials in non-fullerene photovoltaic cells.