bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication Payments by Insurers and Patients for the Treatment of Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kaye Deborah R. , Lee Hui-Jie , Gordee Alexander , George Daniel J. , Ubel Peter A. , Scales Charles D. , Bundorf M. Kate 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE: The implications of high prices for cancer drugs on health care costs and patients' financial burdens are a growing concern. Patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are often candidates for multiple first-line systemic therapies with similar impacts on life expectancy. However, little is known about the gross and out-of-pocket (OOP) payments associated with each of these drugs for patients with employer-sponsored health insurance. We therefore aimed to determine the gross and OOP payments of first-line drugs for mCRPC and how the payments vary across drugs. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 4,298 patients with prostate cancer who initiated therapy with one of six drugs approved for first-line treatment of mCRPC between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2019. We compared gross and OOP payments during the 6 months after initiation of treatment for mCRPC using private payer claims data across patients using different first-line drugs. RESULTS: Gross payments varied across drugs. Over the 6 months after the index prescription, mean unadjusted gross drug payments were highest for patients receiving sipuleucel-T ($115,525 USD) and lowest for patients using docetaxel ($12,804 USD). OOP payments were lower than gross drug payments; mean 6-month OOP payments were highest for cabazitaxel ($1,044 USD) and lowest for docetaxel ($296 USD). There was a wide distribution of OOP payments within drug types. CONCLUSION: Drugs for mCRPC are expensive with large differences in payments by drug type. OOP payments among patients with employer-sponsored health insurance are much lower than gross drug payments, and they vary both across and within first-line drug types, with some patients making very high OOP payments. Although lowering drug prices would reduce pharmaceutical spending for patients with mCRPC, decreasing patient financial burden requires understanding an individual patient's benefit design.
Contextual influences on the role of evidence in e-cigarette recommendations: a multi-method analysis of international and national jurisdictions
Authors: Smith Marissa J. , Vittal Katikireddi Srinivasa , Skivington Kathryn , Hilton Shona 
Published: January 2023

Background:
E-cigarette policy has varied across jurisdictions, contrasting with the previous coordinated approach of international tobacco control communities.
Aims and objectives:
A multi-method case study approach was used to understand the role of evidence and external and internal contextual factors in the development of public health recommendations across four purposively selected jurisdictions (WHO, UK, Australia and USA).
Methods:
Informed by Dobrow et al’s (2004) conceptual framework for context-based evidence-based decision making, four data sources were drawn upon: 1) 15 public health bodies’ e-cigarette recommendation documents; 2) seven development documents produced by the public health bodies; 3) sources of evidence cited in the public health bodies’ recommendation documents; and 4) 15 qualitative interviews with experts. Thematic analysis and citation analysis were conducted to aid triangulation of evidence.
Findings:
We found a complex interplay between internal and external factors which influence the role and use of evidence in the development of e-cigarette recommendations. For example, recommendation documents’ remit (internal factor) was influenced by various external factors such as epidemiology and policy history, with decisions made over time having reshaped the external context. Considering the findings with respect to evidence utilisation, we propose a modified version of Dobrow et al’s (2004) framework, highlighting the important interplay between internal and external contextual factors.
Discussion and conclusion:
This research suggests internal and external contextual factors mutually interact and influence how evidence is incorporated into recommendations. This dynamic interplay of contextual factors may help explain why different policy approaches are pursued concerning public health topics, particularly e-cigarettes.
Influenza surveillance with Baidu index and attention-based long short-term memory model
Authors: Dai Shangfang , Han Litao 
Published: January 2023

Background
The prediction and prevention of influenza is a public health issue of great concern, and the study of timely acquisition of influenza transmission trend has become an important research topic. For achieving more quicker and accurate detection and prediction, the data recorded on the Internet, especially on the search engine from Google or Baidu are widely introduced into this field. Moreover, with the development of intelligent technology and machine learning algorithm, many updated and advanced trend tracking and forecasting methods are also being used in this research problem.

Methods
In this paper, a new recurrent neural network architecture, attention-based long short-term memory model is proposed for influenza surveillance. This is a kind of deep learning model which is trained by processing from Baidu Index series so as to fit the real influenza survey time series. Previous studies on influenza surveillance by Baidu Index mostly used traditional autoregressive moving average model or classical machine learning models such as logarithmic linear regression, support vector regression or multi-layer perception model to fit influenza like illness data, which less considered the deep learning structure. Meanwhile, some new model that considered the deep learning structure did not take into account the application of Baidu index data. This study considers introducing the recurrent neural network with long short-term memory combined with attention mechanism into the influenza surveillance research model, which not only fits the research problems well in model structure, but also provides research methods based on Baidu index.

Results
The actual survey data and Baidu Index data are used to train and test the proposed attention-based long short-term memory model and the other comparison models, so as to iterate the value of the model parameters, and to describe and predict the influenza epidemic situation. The experimental results show that our proposed model has better performance in the mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, index of agreement and other indicators than the other comparison models.

Conclusion
Our proposed attention-based long short-term memory model vividly verifies the ability of this attention-based long short-term memory structure for better surveillance and prediction the trend of influenza. In comparison with some of the latest models and methods in this research field, the model we proposed is also excellent in effect, even more lightweight and robust. Future research direction can consider fusing multimodal data based on this model and developing more application scenarios.
Exploring the role of financial empowerment in mitigating the gender differentials in subjective and objective health outcomes among the older population in India
Authors: Banerjee Shreya , Gogoi Pallabi 
Published: January 2023

Background
Despite the progress in achieving gender equality to a certain extent, women are found to be more susceptible to health disadvantages compared to men in the older ages. However, research in the Indian context has mainly remained restricted to subjective health that heavily depends on the individual’s perception, which may affect the validity of results. This study addresses this gap by complementing the investigation of the gender differentials in self-reported health outcomes (mobility and functional limitations) with that of objectively measured health status (hand-grip strength and static balance) among the older population of India. Besides, there is a dearth of literature that considers financial empowerment in explaining the gender differentials in health. Women’s ability to participate in household decision-making, especially for important matters like major purchases, including property, indicates their empowerment status. Furthermore, the ability to extend financial support can be considered an important ‘non-altruistic’ driver for kins to care for older adults, indirectly affecting their health and well-being. Thus, the present paper explores the influence of financial empowerment on gender differentials in poor health outcomes.

Methods
Using the Longitudinal Aging Study in India, Wave-1 (2017–18), six logistic regression models have been specified to capture the adjusted association between gender and poor health outcomes. The first three models successively control for the demographic and social support factors; socioeconomic factors and pre-existing health conditions; and financial empowerment indicators. The last three models investigate the interactions between gender and marital status, living arrangement and involvement in financial decisions, respectively.

Results
The findings reveal that women tend to be more perceptive about their physical discomfort than men and reported a higher prevalence of poor subjective health. In terms of objectively measured health status, older men had a higher prevalence of low hand-grip strength but a lower prevalence of poor balance. Gender demonstrated a strong, adjusted association with poor health outcomes among older adults. However, the magnitude of gender difference either shrunk considerably or became statistically insignificant for all the poor health outcomes after controlling the effect of indicators of financial empowerment. Further, the interaction between gender and involvement in financial matters demonstrated a stronger effect for men in reversing poor subjective health.

Conclusion
The study reinforced the positive effect of financial empowerment in mitigating gender disparity in health among older adults.
Scoping review protocol of multicomponent interventions to address cardiometabolic disease risk among Pacific Islander children
Authors: Choy Courtney C. , Nyhan Kate , Savusa Kima , Soti-Ulberg Christina , Rosen Rochelle K. , Naseri Take , Hawley Nicola L. , Sharifi Mona 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Multicomponent interventions can reduce cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors in childhood; however, little synthesis of the literature has taken place in the Pacific region. Pacific Islanders experience a disproportionately high prevalence of CMD risk factors, yet interventions have been slow to reach many communities. We present this protocol for a scoping review to identify and summarize existing multicomponent interventions to address CMD risk in Pacific Islander children.

Materials and methods
Eligible interventions will (1) address CMD risk factors (including but not limited to obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and/or health behaviors) in 2-to-12-year-old Pacific Islander children, and (2) be multi-component (including at least two lifestyle/behavior change strategies to address CMD risk factors). To investigate existing interventions for adaptation and potential use in Pacific Islander communities, we will search Scopus, MEDLINE ALL (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Yale-licensed Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, Global Health (EBSCO), non-indexed Pacific journals, grey literature, government reports, and clinical trial registrations. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews will guide data extraction, evidence mapping, synthesis, and reporting of information including study population, intervention components, behavioral changes, health and implementation outcomes, theoretical frameworks, and evaluation measures.

Ethics and dissemination
Formal ethical approval is not required. The dissemination strategy will include peer-reviewed journal publications and presentations. Synthesis of existing multicomponent interventions for Pacific Islander children will help to identify best practices that could be replicated, adapted, or combined.
Investigation of differential shrinkage stresses in a revolution shell structure due to the evolving parameters of concrete
Authors: Merlin Bodol Momha , Landry Djopkop Kouanang , Chills Amba Jean , Joseph Nkongho Anyi , Ambassa Zoa , Robert Nzengwa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The article focuses on the influence of differential shrinkage linked by drying at the early-age displacements and strain distribution of a concrete ring specimen. Depending on the gradient of dimension changes through the thickness, tensile stress occurs near the exposed surface where drying is greater and thus results in strain gradients development. An experimental design was carried out on a concrete ring cast in laboratory conditions in order to monitor strains and displacements. Subsequently, a finite element method was used to simulate the ring’s behaviour in drying conditions. The gradient development linked by a non-uniform moisture distribution in the thickness is established by solving the non-linear partial differential drying equation with Mensi’s diffusion law. The stress and displacement analysis was modeled by three nodes curved shell FEM (CSFE-sh) based on strain approximation with the shell theory. Finally, the ring’s behaviour includes both differential shrinkage resulting in the mechanical and physical properties of gradients development in the thickness and the influence of prestressing, in which the tensile creep effects have a great influence. The comparison of experimental results with numerical simulation shows that drying and tensile creep phenomena have the most important influence on the early-age stress development in the walled ring.
Cultural cognition, effective communication, and security: Insights from intercultural trainings for law enforcement officers in Poland
Authors: Kopytowska Monika , Woźniak Julita , Kurteš Svetlana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEconomic migration, international mobility and refugee crises have brought about both risks and opportunities. Alongside the socio-economic and cultural potential to capitalize on they have generated challenges that need to be addressed. In such an increasingly globalized and diverse world, intercultural competences have become strategic resources underpinning the concept of democratic citizenship and social integration. The objectives of the present article are thus two-fold: firstly we want to explore the concept of cultural cognition and highlight the importance of intercultural and diversity awareness, and, secondly, we intend to present and discuss the results of intercultural training sessions for uniformed services conducted within the “Open Lodz” project (Otwarta Łódź POWR.03.01.00-IP.08-00-3MU/18) (2019-2022) coordinated by the University of Lodz in collaboration with the Marek Edelman Dialogue Center in Łódź, the Municipal Police, the City of Lodz Office and the City Guard in Łódź. The project was aimed at enhancing foreigners’ quality of life and functioning in Poland. With this goal in view project activities, addressed at two groups of beneficiaries, namely foreign nationals and frontline workers (police, city guard officers, and municipal clerks) focused on improving communication skills (linguistic and cultural competences)
Crystal structure of (S,E)-3-((pyridin-2-ylmethylene)amino)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,3- dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one monohydrate, C19H15N5O⋅H2O
Authors: Xiong Ying , Chuan Gao , An Ya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C19H15N5O·H2O, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.1132(7) Å, b = 9.6788(9) Å, c = 11.0964(10) Å, α = 65.796(3)°, β = 79.406(3)°, γ = 87.484(3)°, V = 876.96(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0482, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1405, T = 273(2) K.
A Comparison of Practice Guidelines for Yoga Breathing from the Traditional Texts and PubMed-Indexed Research
Authors: Chetry Dipak , Telles Shirley , Mahadevan Jayaraman , Prasoon Kumari , Gandharva Kumar , Agrawal Mahavir , Balkrishna Acharya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Volitional yoga breathing techniques influence several physiological functions depending on the changes made in depth of breathing, relative duration of exhalation to inhalation, and breath frequency. The practice guidelines for three routinely practiced and researched yoga breathing practices (bhastrika pranayama [bellows breath], bhramari pranayama [bee breath], and kapalabhati pranayama [breath of fire]) were compared between the traditional written texts (i.e., Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Gheranda Samhita) and published research indexed in PubMed (a total of 73 studies; 25 on bhastrika pranayama, 17 on bhramari pranayama, and 31 on kapalabhati pranayama). We compared the specifications for posture, time of day, location, and duration of practice; frequency, depth, and holding (kumbhaka) of the breath; speed and/or force and right or left nostril use for inhalation and exhalation; duration of inhalation relative to exhalation; thoracic or diaphragmatic breathing (or comparable terms in the traditional texts); mental state; physiological locks (bandhas) ; and hand gestures (mudras). Differences between the practice guidelines in the traditional texts and published research with respect to the depth of b reathing (bhastrika pranayama), relative breath phase duration (bhramari pranayama), and breath frequency (kapalabhati pranayama) are presented despite the findings being restricted to published studies from a single bibliographic database. Differences in the way yoga breathing is practiced could influence the physiological effects obtained, and differences between methods reported in published studies could make it difficult to summarize the effects of yoga breathing practice across studies.
Effect of MEFV variants on the presentation and clinical course of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children?
Authors: AÇARI Ceyhun , BAYRAM Meral , YILDIZ Gizem , KAVUKÇU Salih , SOYLU Alper 
Published: January 2023

Objective: We aimed to evaluate MEFV mutation frequency and the effects of MEFV mutations on the clinical course including renal involvement in children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP).
Methods: Children with a diagnosis of HSP who were evaluated for the presence of MEFV mutations were enrolled in this study. Patients were primarily assigned into two groups based on the presence of MEFV mutations as Group 1 including patients without mutations and Group 2 including patients with mutations in at least one allele (heterozygous, homozygous, or compound heterozygous). We also investigated specifically the effects of M694V mutation on the course of HSP by comparing patients with M694V mutation in at least one allele with patients not carrying M694V mutation.
Results: Forty-seven patients (23 female) were enrolled. MEFV mutation rate (53%) was 3.5 times the rate in general population. M694V was the most common mutation (48%). Patients with MEFV mutations, especially those with M694V mutation, had lower incidence of preceding infection, but increased inflammatory markers, scalp edema and relapse rate. Renal involvement and long-term prognosis were not affected by the presence of MEFV mutations.
Conclusions: MEFV mutations cause susceptibility to develop HSP and are associated with increased inflammation and altered clinical course. However, renal involvement and long-term prognosis were not affected by the presence of MEFV mutations.
Art Competitions as a Means of Students' Creative Growth
Authors: Kondratenko Iryna , Skoryk Tamara , Drozhzhina Nataliya , Tsurkanenko Iryna 
Published: January 2023

The article presents a theoretical analysis of art competitions as a means of creative development of individual abilities, in particular in the process of obtaining professional education. The article reflects the main theoretical and methodological approaches to determine essential features of the art competition in the context of organization, functional characteristics, the formation of professional competence in students. The types of art as an aspect of creating a competitive task are studied.
The results of the study form an idea of the historical and cultural phenomenon of the formation of arts and the formation of the worldview of mankind, which is reflected in works of art that develop during the evolution of man.
The relevance of the study is due to innovative approaches in the process of creating and displaying a work of art, in the context of the modern information society. In the course of the research the importance of holding an art competition was determined, the concepts and structural components were specified. Scientific publications are analyzed and the characteristic features of the art competition are determined. The article establishes the functions of education in the field of art, identifies the impact of education on students, the formation of their professional competence and values of art.
In the course of the research the method of abstraction was used in the study of artistic bases of creative interpretation, a descriptive and research method, the method of analysis and synthesis in theoretical substantiation of the topic, characteristics of music and game activity. To determine the results of the study, the method of generalization and systematization was used. The results confirmed the importance of the art competition in shaping the creative growth of students.
Climate change impacts on maternal and new-born health in Africa: Intervention options
Authors: Chersich MF , Maimela G , Lakhoo DP , Solarin I , Parker C , Scorgie F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rising global temperatures raise several health concerns, especially in areas where access is limited to air conditioning and other forms of cooling. Anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy increase vulnerability of women and foetuses to heat exposure. High temperatures can overwhelm thermoregulation in pregnant women, cause dehydration and endocrine dysfunction, and affect placental function. Clinical consequences include preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth and prolonged labour. Additionally, high ambient temperatures increase risks for several infections and affect health worker performance. There are a range of adaptation options to reduce heat exposure or impacts of exposure during pregnancy. Adaptations can be categorised as behavioural changes, interventions at the health service level, public health measures, building modifications and nature-based solutions, and structural interventions to enhance resilience. Existing maternal and child health services delivery platforms are adept at absorbing new health interventions and could play a key role in new programmes for responding to climate change. We need robust advocacy now more than ever to prevent further environmental harms.