bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of ulcerative colitis symptom severity and proctocolectomy with multidimensional patient-reported outcomes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Yamazaki Hajime , Nagahori Masakazu , Kobayashi Taku , Omori Teppei , Mikami Yohei , Fujii Toshimitsu , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Saruta Masayuki , Matsuura Minoru , Yamamoto Takayuki , Motoya Satoshi , Hibi Toshifumi , Watanabe Mamoru , Fernandez Jovelle , Fukuhara Shunichi , Hisamatsu Tadakazu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The YOu and Ulcerative colitis: Registry and Social network (YOURS) is a large-scale, multicenter, patient-focused registry investigating the effects of lifestyle, psychological factors, and clinical practice patterns on patient-reported outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis in Japan. In this initial cross-sectional baseline analysis, we comprehensively explored impacts of symptom severity or proctocolectomy on nine patient-reported outcomes.

Methods
Patients receiving tertiary care at medical institutions were consecutively enrolled in the YOURS registry. The patients completed validated questionnaires on lifestyle, psychosocial factors, and disease-related symptoms. Severity of symptoms was classified with self-graded stool frequency and rectal bleeding scores (categories: remission, active disease [mild, moderate, severe]). The effects of symptom severity or proctocolectomy on nine scales for quality of life, fatigue, anxiety/depression, work productivity, and sleep were assessed by comparing standardized mean differences of the patient-reported outcome scores.

Results
Of the 1971 survey responses analyzed, 1346 (68.3%) patients were in remission, 583 (29.6%) had active disease, and 42 (2.1%) had undergone proctocolectomy. A linear relationship between increasing symptom severity and worsening quality of life, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and work productivity was observed. Patients with even mild symptoms had worse scores than patients in remission. Patients who had undergone proctocolectomy also had worse scores than patients in remission.

Conclusions
Ulcerative colitis was associated with reduced mood, quality of life, fatigue, and work productivity even in patients with mild symptoms, suggesting that management of active ulcerative colitis may improve patient-reported outcomes irrespective of disease severity. (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000031995, https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm).
On the statistical distribution of temperature and the classification of extreme events considering season and climate change—an application in Switzerland
Authors: Gubler Stefanie , Fukutome Sophie , Scherrer Simon C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the increased occurrence of hot spells in recent years, there is growing interest in quantifying the recurrence of extreme temperature events. However, pronounced temperature anomalies occur all year round, and a reliable classification in terms of the time of occurrence in the year is needed. In this study, we present a novel approach to classifying daily air temperatures that take into account the seasonal cycle and climate change. We model the distribution of the daily Swiss temperatures using the skewed generalized error distribution with four time-varying parameters, thereby accounting for non-Gaussianity in daily air temperature, while the climatic trend is modeled linearly with smoothed northern hemisphere temperature as an explanatory variable. The daily observations are then transformed into a standard normal distribution. The resultant standardized temperature anomalies are comparable within a year and between years and are used for quantile-based empirical classification. The approach is suitable to classify historical and current extreme temperatures with respect to the temperature range expected at the time of the event. For example, a heat wave occurring at the end of June is classified as less likely to occur than a heat wave of similar intensity occurring in mid-July, as is shown for the two 7-day heat waves that struck Switzerland in the summer of 2019. Furthermore, climate change has increased the probability of hot events and decreased the probability of cold events in recent years. The presented approach thus allows a fair classification of extreme temperatures within a year and between years and offers new possibilities to analyze daily air temperature.
Stimulated Raman histology for histological evaluation of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Steybe David , Poxleitner Philipp , Metzger Marc C. , Rothweiler René , Beck Jürgen , Straehle Jakob , Vach Kirstin , Weber Andreas , Enderle-Ammour Kathrin , Werner Martin , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Bronsert Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate whether in patients undergoing surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma, stimulated Raman histology (SRH), in comparison with H&E-stained frozen sections, can provide accurate diagnoses regarding neoplastic tissue and sub-classification of non-neoplastic tissues.

Materials and methods
SRH, a technology based on Raman scattering, was applied to generate digital histopathologic images of 80 tissue samples obtained from 8 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Conventional H&E-stained frozen sections were then obtained from all 80 samples. All images/sections (SRH and H&E) were analyzed for squamous cell carcinoma, normal mucosa, connective tissue, muscle tissue, adipose tissue, salivary gland tissue, lymphatic tissue, and inflammatory cells. Agreement between SRH and H&E was evaluated by calculating Cohen’s kappa. Accuracy of SRH compared to H&E was quantified by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) as well as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
Thirty-six of 80 samples were classified as OSCC by H&E-based diagnosis. Regarding the differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue, high agreement between H&E and SRH (kappa: 0.880) and high accuracy of SRH (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 90.91%; PPV: 90.00%, NPV: 100%; AUC: 0.954) were demonstrated. For sub-classification of non-neoplastic tissues, SRH performance was dependent on the type of tissue, with high agreement and accuracy for normal mucosa, muscle tissue, and salivary glands.

Conclusion
SRH provides high accuracy in discriminating neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues. Regarding sub-classification of non-neoplastic tissues in OSCC patients, accuracy varies depending on the type of tissue examined.

Clinical relevance
This study demonstrates the potential of SRH for intraoperative imaging of fresh, unprocessed tissue specimens from OSCC patients without the need for sectioning or staining.
About a misinterpretation of the potential of ion sensitive electrodes
Authors: Scholz Fritz , Kahlert Heike 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe potential of several ion-sensitive electrodes responds to the incorporated cations and anions. This has led some authors to misinterpret the potential of metal salt membrane electrodes and of electrodes of the second kind. Neglecting the kinetics of potential establishment and interpreting the potentials solely based on thermodynamics produce completely irrelevant data and suggest that ion concentrations down to 10−45 mol L−1 are accessible by simple potentiometric measurements. The switching from cation to anion response mechanism cannot be derived from thermodynamic equations. It bears complete similarity to the switching of response in the case of foreign interfering ions.
MoonLight: a lightweight tool for monitoring spatio-temporal properties
Authors: Nenzi Laura , Bartocci Ezio , Bortolussi Luca , Silvetti Simone , Loreti Michele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present MoonLight, a tool for monitoring temporal and spatio-temporal properties of mobile, spatially distributed, and interacting entities such as biological and cyber-physical systems. In MoonLight the space is represented as a weighted graph describing the topological configuration in which the single entities are arranged. Both nodes and edges have attributes modeling physical quantities and logical states of the system evolving in time. MoonLight is implemented in Java and supports the monitoring of Spatio-Temporal Reach and Escape Logic (STREL). MoonLight can be used as a standalone command line tool, such as Java API, or via Matlab™ and Python interfaces. We provide here the description of the tool, its interfaces, and its scripting language using a sensor network and a bike sharing example. We evaluate the tool performances both by comparing it with other tools specialized in monitoring only temporal properties and by monitoring spatio-temporal requirements considering different sizes of dynamical and spatial graphs.
Contact tracing for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE): evaluation of the Dutch policy of quintuple screening cultures
Authors: Wammes Linda J. , Voor in ’t holt Anne F. , Klaassen Corné H.W. , Vos Margreet C. , Verkaik Nelianne J. , Severin Juliëtte A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDetection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) is hampered by low sensitivity of rectal swab cultures. This study aimed to define the number of screening cultures needed to increase sensitivity to detect VRE transmission, and to determine time from presumed exposure to detectable colonization. In a tertiary care setting, we retrospectively analyzed data from 9 VRE outbreaks. As a proxy or estimation for time to detectable colonization, the time between first positive culture of the presumed index patient and that of their contacts was determined. Only 64% of secondary cases were positive in the first out of five cultures. By using the first three out of five rectal swabs, 89% (95%CI: 78–95%) of all secondary cases would have been identified. The median number of days between the positive culture of the index patient and the first positive culture of secondary cases was 9 days. Eleven percent of secondary cases would have been missed if only three rectal samples would have been obtained. Furthermore, our results show that one or more rectal swabs taken around day 9 after presumed exposure should at least be included in the screening approach. In our setting, obtaining a fourth and a fifth rectal swab showed a relevant additional value compared to only one to three swabs. Our findings are useful for determining the most effective VRE contact tracing approach to prevent transmission.
Persistent hyperparathyroidism after preemptive kidney transplantation
Authors: Okada Manabu , Sato Tetsuhiko , Hasegawa Yuki , Futamura Kenta , Hiramitsu Takahisa , Ichimori Toshihiro , Goto Norihiko , Narumi Shunji , Takeda Asami , Watarai Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLong-term dialysis vintage is a predictor of persistent hyperparathyroidism (HPT) after kidney transplantation (KTx). Recently, preemptive kidney transplantation (PKT) has increased. However, the incidence, predictors, and clinical implications of HPT after PKT are unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate these considerations.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled patients who underwent PKT between 2000 and 2016. Those who lost their graft within 1 year posttransplant were excluded. HPT was defined as an intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level exceeding 80 pg/mL or hypercalcemia unexplained by causes other than HPT. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of HPT 1 year after PKT. The primary outcome was the predictors of HPT after PKT, and the secondary outcome was graft survival.ResultsAmong the 340 consecutive patients who underwent PKT, 188 did not have HPT (HPT-free group) and 152 had HPT (HPT group). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that pretransplant PTH level (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 5.480; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.070–14.50) and preoperative donor-estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.033; OR, 0.978; 95% CI, 0.957–0.998) were independent predictors of HPT after PKT. Death-censored graft survival was significantly lower in the HPT group than that in the HPT-free group (90.4% vs. 96.4% at 10 years,P = 0.009).ConclusionsPretransplant PTH levels and donor kidney function were independent predictors of HPT after PKT. In addition, HPT was associated with worse graft outcomes even after PKT.
Effects of daily artificial gravity training on orthostatic tolerance following 60-day strict head-down tilt bedrest
Authors: Hoenemann J.-N. , Moestl S. , van Herwaarden A. E. , Diedrich A. , Mulder E. , Frett T. , Petrat G. , Pustowalow W. , Arz M. , Heusser K. , Lee S. , Jordan J. , Tank J. , Hoffmann F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Orthostatic intolerance commonly occurs following immobilization or space flight. We hypothesized that daily artificial gravity training through short-arm centrifugation could help to maintain orthostatic tolerance following head-down tilt bedrest, which is an established terrestrial model for weightlessness.

Methods
We studied 24 healthy persons (eight women; age 33.3 ± 9.0 years; BMI 24.3 ± 2.1 kg/m2) who participated in the 60-days head-down tilt bedrest (AGBRESA) study. They were assigned to 30 min/day continuous or 6 × 5 min intermittent short-arm centrifugation with 1Gz at the center of mass or a control group. We performed head-up tilt testing with incremental lower-body negative pressure until presyncope before and after bedrest. We recorded an electrocardiogram, beat-to-beat finger blood pressure, and brachial blood pressure and obtained blood samples from an antecubital venous catheter. Orthostatic tolerance was defined as time to presyncope. We related changes in orthostatic tolerance to changes in plasma volume determined by carbon dioxide rebreathing.

Results
Compared with baseline measurements, supine and upright heart rate increased in all three groups following head-down tilt bedrest. Compared with baseline measurements, time to presyncope decreased by 323 ± 235 s with continuous centrifugation, by 296 ± 508 s with intermittent centrifugation, and by 801 ± 354 s in the control group (p = 0.0249 between interventions). The change in orthostatic tolerance was not correlated with changes in plasma volume.

Conclusions
Daily artificial gravity training on a short-arm centrifuge attenuated the reduction in orthostatic tolerance after 60 days of head-down tilt bedrest.
Timing of migration and African non-breeding grounds of geolocator-tracked European Pied Flycatchers: a multi-population assessment
Authors: Adamík Peter , Bureš Stanislav , Hahn Steffen , Oatley Graeme , Briedis Martins 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing light-level geolocators, eight European Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) from two breeding sites in Czechia were tracked. We also gathered all available geolocator tracks on 76 individuals from four European populations and compared the timing of annual cycle events and the African non-breeding sites among all populations. Individuals from both Czech breeding sites had overlapping migration events and non-breeding locations. Four individuals resided in the southwestern edge of Mali, two in Burkina Faso, one in Guinea, and the easternmost one in the Ivory Coast. On average, the birds left the Czech breeding grounds on 8 August and took between one to three stopovers during autumn migration. Birds crossed the Sahara on its western edge on average on 13 September. The mean arrival to the African non-breeding grounds was 47.5 days after departure on 2 October (range 10 September to 10 October). One bird showed intra-tropical movement within West Africa when after a 60-day residency it moved approximately 3° westwards. Estimated locations at the African non-breeding grounds overlapped among tracked birds from five European breeding sites. However, statistically, we could detect longitudinal segregation in two clusters. Birds from the British and Finnish breeding populations shared non-breeding grounds and were located in Africa west of the second cluster of the birds from the Czech and Dutch breeding populations. We show considerable population-specific differences in the timing of annual cycle events. Birds from Dutch breeding sites were the first in all three phases—departure from breeding sites, Sahara crossing and arrival to African non-breeding grounds, followed by the British, Czech, and Finnish birds, respectively. All tracked flycatchers so far fill only the western part of the African non-breeding range. For a complete understanding of the migration pattern in the species, we highlight the need for tracking studies from the eastern part of the range.
The Future of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention: A Global Qualitative Consultation on Provider Perspectives on New Products and Differentiated Service Delivery
Authors: Henderson Mary , Schmidt Heather-Marie A , Chitembo Lastone , Peralta Hortencia , Alaama Ahmed S , Johnson Cheryl , Baggaley Rachel , Schaefer Robin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifferentiated service delivery and new products, such as long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) and the dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR), could increase uptake and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. We explored PrEP provider perspectives on differentiated PrEP service delivery and new PrEP products to inform World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and programme implementation. 150 PrEP providers who participated in a WHO survey were randomly selected and 67 were invited for interviews based on geographic representation, provider cadre, gender, experience with community-based PrEP service delivery, and familiarity with new PrEP products. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually. Key themes were inductively extracted relating to differentiated service delivery and benefits and concerns regarding new PrEP products. 30 PrEP providers from 24 countries were interviewed. Across regions, providers were supportive of differentiated service delivery to respond to clients’ needs and preferences, maintain services during COVID-19, and ensure access for priority populations that may face access challenges. Providers welcomed prospects of offering CAB-LA to their clients but had concerns about HIV testing, costs, and the need for clinic-based services, including staff who can administer injections. Providers felt the DVR was potentially important for some cisgender women, especially young clients and female sex workers, and raised fewer concerns compared to injectable PrEP. Providers’ views are critical for the development of guidelines and implementing programmes that will best serve PrEP users. Understanding areas where provider capacities and biases may create barriers can define opportunities for training and support to ensure that providers can deliver effective programmes.
Large and moderate deviations for importance sampling in the Heston model
Authors: Geha Marc , Jacquier Antoine , Žurič Žan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe provide a detailed importance sampling analysis for variance reduction in stochastic volatility models. The optimal change of measure is obtained using a variety of results from large and moderate deviations: small-time, large-time, small-noise. Specialising the results to the Heston model, we derive many closed-form solutions, making the whole approach easy to implement. We support our theoretical results with a detailed numerical analysis of the variance reduction gains.
Portfolio Selection with a Rank-Deficient Covariance Matrix
Authors: Gulliksson Mårten , Oleynik Anna , Mazur Stepan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider optimal portfolio selection when the covariance matrix of the asset returns is rank-deficient. For this case, the original Markowitz’ problem does not have a unique solution. The possible solutions belong to either two subspaces namely the range- or nullspace of the covariance matrix. The former case has been treated elsewhere but not the latter. We derive an analytical unique solution, assuming the solution is in the null space, that is risk-free and has minimum norm. Furthermore, we analyse the iterative method which is called the discrete functional particle method in the rank-deficient case. It is shown that the method is convergent giving a risk-free solution and we derive the initial condition that gives the smallest possible weights in the norm. Finally, simulation results on artificial problems as well as real-world applications verify that the method is both efficient and stable.
Measuring welfare with the use of the MIMIC approach: evidence for Poland
Authors: Jewczak Maciej , Korczak Karol 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe growing interest in the concept of using welfare categories as a measure of economic or social development results from the fact that dominant income categories have been replaced by solutions related to individuals’ basic, existential and higher-order needs being fulfilled. The transition from analysing the poverty rate category, through the various approaches to material deprivation, to the perception of welfare in economic, subjective, or hidden terms is visible. The main purpose of the study is to estimate the subjective level of welfare of households in Poland. The subjective level of various socio-economic phenomena is often difficult to estimate; therefore, the study uses the approach of structural modelling for the multiple indicators and multiple causes model (MIMIC), which assumes the presence of a latent variable. The research is based on data from the Social Diagnosis panel study for household level in Poland. Based on the construction and positive substantive and statistical verification of the model the results show that subjectively the best welfare situation was identified mainly for households located in countryside areas, where even the lowest estimated levels of welfare exceed the highest estimated levels for cities of various sizes. Investigating the spatial distribution, the highest levels of subjective welfare were recorded for the Lubelskie and Swietokrzyskie voivodeships, and thanks to moving to a higher spatial data aggregation level (to the sub-regional), a more detailed assessment of spatial units was possible. In further research, individualised voivodeship models will be estimated to capture a more accurate differentiation of the influence of MIMIC model variables. A similar direction of analysis is anticipated for sub-regional data.
The Shelf Life of Skulls: Anthropology and ‘race’ in the Vrolik Craniological Collection
Authors: de Rooy Laurens 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Vrolik ethnographical collection consisted of roughly 300 skulls, mummified heads, skeletons, pelvises, wet-preserved preparations, and plaster models, collected by Gerard Vrolik (1775–1859) and his son Willem (1801–1863). Most prominent in this collection were the skulls, of which 177 remain in the collection of present-day Museum Vrolik. These skulls—a troubling heritage of colonialism and scientific racism—are the central subjects of this paper, which considers the changing meanings and values of these skulls for racial science over approximately 160 years, between ± 1800 and 1960. These shifting meanings are analysed using the skulls themselves as primary sources, including the labels, numbers and handwriting present on them or their stands. Central topics addressed will be matters of classification, hierarchy, scientific bias, and disciplinary development of racial anthropology from the study and collection of idealized national types to a quantitative craniometry of populations. This paper demonstrates that during 160 years of study of this same set of crania, the skulls of white European origin gradually lost racial relevance and were increasingly normalized, whereas the skulls of dark-skinned people of African descent continued to be categorized in a typological racial scheme and as such were increasingly othered.