bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beating the break-even point with a discrete-variable-encoded logical qubit
Authors: Ni Zhongchu , Li Sai , Deng Xiaowei , Cai Yanyan , Zhang Libo , Wang Weiting , Yang Zhen-Biao , Yu Haifeng , Yan Fei , Liu Song , Zou Chang-Ling , Sun Luyan , Zheng Shi-Biao , Xu Yuan , Yu Dapeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantum error correction (QEC) aims to protect logical qubits from noises by using the redundancy of a large Hilbert space, which allows errors to be detected and corrected in real time1. In most QEC codes2–8, a logical qubit is encoded in some discrete variables, for example photon numbers, so that the encoded quantum information can be unambiguously extracted after processing. Over the past decade, repetitive QEC has been demonstrated with various discrete-variable-encoded scenarios9–17. However, extending the lifetimes of thus-encoded logical qubits beyond the best available physical qubit still remains elusive, which represents a break-even point for judging the practical usefulness of QEC. Here we demonstrate a QEC procedure in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture18, where the logical qubit is binomially encoded in photon-number states of a microwave cavity8, dispersively coupled to an auxiliary superconducting qubit. By applying a pulse featuring a tailored frequency comb to the auxiliary qubit, we can repetitively extract the error syndrome with high fidelity and perform error correction with feedback control accordingly, thereby exceeding the break-even point by about 16% lifetime enhancement. Our work illustrates the potential of hardware-efficient discrete-variable encodings for fault-tolerant quantum computation19.
Interhemispheric competition during sleep
Authors: Fenk Lorenz A. , Riquelme Juan Luis , Laurent Gilles 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur understanding of the functions and mechanisms of sleep remains incomplete, reflecting their increasingly evident complexity1–3. Likewise, studies of interhemispheric coordination during sleep4–6are often hard to connect precisely to known sleep circuits and mechanisms. Here, by recording from the claustra of sleeping bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), we show that, although the onsets and offsets ofPogonarapid-eye-movement (REMP) and slow-wave sleep are coordinated bilaterally, these two sleep states differ markedly in their inter-claustral coordination. During slow-wave sleep, the claustra produce sharp-wave ripples independently of one another, showing no coordination. By contrast, during REMPsleep, the potentials produced by the two claustra are precisely coordinated in amplitude and time. These signals, however, are not synchronous: one side leads the other by about 20 ms, with the leading side switching typically once per REMPepisode or in between successive episodes. The leading claustrum expresses the stronger activity, suggesting bilateral competition. This competition does not occur directly between the two claustra or telencephalic hemispheres. Rather, it occurs in the midbrain and depends on the integrity of a GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric-acid-producing) nucleus of the isthmic complex, which exists in all vertebrates and is known in birds to underlie bottom-up attention and gaze control. These results reveal that a winner-take-all-type competition exists between the two sides of the brain ofPogona, which originates in the midbrain and has precise consequences for claustrum activity and coordination during REMPsleep.
From primordial clocks to circadian oscillators
Authors: Pitsawong Warintra , Pádua Ricardo A. P. , Grant Timothy , Hoemberger Marc , Otten Renee , Bradshaw Niels , Grigorieff Nikolaus , Kern Dorothee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCircadian rhythms play an essential part in many biological processes, and only three prokaryotic proteins are required to constitute a true post-translational circadian oscillator1. The evolutionary history of the three Kai proteins indicates that KaiC is the oldest member and a central component of the clock2. Subsequent additions of KaiB and KaiA regulate the phosphorylation state of KaiC for time synchronization. The canonical KaiABC system in cyanobacteria is well understood3–6, but little is known about more ancient systems that only possess KaiBC. However, there are reports that they might exhibit a basic, hourglass-like timekeeping mechanism7–9. Here we investigate the primordial circadian clock in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which contains only KaiBC, to elucidate its inner workings despite missing KaiA. Using a combination of X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy, we find a new dodecameric fold for KaiC, in which two hexamers are held together by a coiled-coil bundle of 12 helices. This interaction is formed by the carboxy-terminal extension of KaiC and serves as an ancient regulatory moiety that is later superseded by KaiA. A coiled-coil register shift between daytime and night-time conformations is connected to phosphorylation sites through a long-range allosteric network that spans over 140 Å. Our kinetic data identify the difference in the ATP-to-ADP ratio between day and night as the environmental cue that drives the clock. They also unravel mechanistic details that shed light on the evolution of self-sustained oscillators.
CFTR function, pathology and pharmacology at single-molecule resolution
Authors: Levring Jesper , Terry Daniel S. , Kilic Zeliha , Fitzgerald Gabriel , Blanchard Scott C. , Chen Jue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel that regulates salt and fluid homeostasis across epithelial membranes1. Alterations in CFTR cause cystic fibrosis, a fatal disease without a cure2,3. Electrophysiological properties of CFTR have been analysed for decades4–6. The structure of CFTR, determined in two globally distinct conformations, underscores its evolutionary relationship with other ATP-binding cassette transporters. However, direct correlations between the essential functions of CFTR and extant structures are lacking at present. Here we combine ensemble functional measurements, single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electrophysiology and kinetic simulations to show that the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of human CFTR dimerize before channel opening. CFTR exhibits an allosteric gating mechanism in which conformational changes within the NBD-dimerized channel, governed by ATP hydrolysis, regulate chloride conductance. The potentiators ivacaftor and GLPG1837 enhance channel activity by increasing pore opening while NBDs are dimerized. Disease-causing substitutions proximal (G551D) or distal (L927P) to the ATPase site both reduce the efficiency of NBD dimerization. These findings collectively enable the framing of a gating mechanism that informs on the search for more efficacious clinical therapies.
In silico and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of the synthesized 5-benzylidene-2-thiohydantoin against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in a rat model
Authors: Akree Lana S. , Amin Zahra A. , Ahmad Hiwa O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of 5-benzylidine-2-thiohydantoin (5B2T), a unique derivative of the thiohydantoin group, on liver injury induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in male rats was investigated. The experimental animals were divided into three groups, each with 14 rats. Rats in group I were considered to be controls and received only 10% Tween 80. Rats in group II were injected with 200 mg/kg DEN intraperitoneally. Rats in group III were injected with a single dose of DEN 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally and received the treatment orally (50 mg/kg, 5B2T) for two durations, 3 and 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected for the analysis of liver function and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels. Additionally, liver specimens were used for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. The single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg DEN into rats resulted in significant elevation of serum enzyme levels of AST, ALT and ALP, which are indicators of hepatocellular damage, along with elevation in TNF-α and IL-6 in the DEN group. The results of both LFTs and ELISA in the treatment group showed improvements and a decline in the levels of the markers. Histopathological examination showed fibrosis, necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the DEN group, with lower intensity in the treatment group. The results of immunohistochemical staining revealed strong positive staining of both HSA and Ki-67 antibodies in the DEN group, with much lower intensity in the treatment group. The results of the docking study indicated that 5B2T has a remarkable interaction with TNF-α (PDB ID: 1TNF) and human IL-6 (PDB ID: 1IL6) with binding site energies of − 7.1 and − 6.1 (kcal/mol), respectively. The correct absorption and binding between the drug and the receptor was evaluated through computerized molecular docking by using the AutoDock program. The conclusion of the results from the current study reflected the interesting hepatoprotective abilities of 5B2T against DEN-induced hepatocellular damage and cancer in experimental rats.
In vitro antiviral effect of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach against goat lentivirus in colostrum and milk
Authors: de Sousa Ana Lidia Madeira , Rizaldo Pinheiro Raymundo , Furtado Araujo Juscilania , Mesquita Peixoto Renato , de Azevedo Dalva Alana Aragao , Cesar Lima Ana Milena , Marques Canuto Kirley , Vasconcelos Ribeiro Paulo Riceli , de Queiroz Souza Ana Sheila , Rocha Souza Samara Cristina , de Amorim Sara Lucena , Paula Amaral Gabriel , de Souza Viviane , de Morais Selene Maia , Andrioli Alice , da Silva Teixeira Maria Fatima 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the use of leaf extracts ofAzadirachta indica(A. indica) andMelia azedarach(M. azedarach) as antivirals against caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk of goat nannies. These were collected from eight individuals and infected with the standard strain of CLV. Samples were then subdivided into aliquots and treated with 150 µg/mL of crude extract, and with ethyl acetate and methanol fractions for 30, 60, and 90 min. Next, somatic cells from colostrum and milk were co-cultured with cells from the ovine third eyelid. After this step, viral titers of the supernatants collected from treatments with greater efficacy in co-culture were assessed. The organic ethyl acetate fractions of both plants at 90 min possibly inhibited the viral activity of CLV by up to a thousandfold in colostrum. In milk, this inhibition was up to 800 times for the respective Meliaceae. In conclusion, the ethanolic fraction of ethyl acetate from both plants demonstrated efficacy against CLV in samples from colostrum and milk when subjected to treatment, which was more effective in colostrum.
Feature-based interaction between masks and target in continuous flash suppression
Authors: Drewes Jan , Witzel Christoph , Zhu Weina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContinuous flash suppression (CFS) has become one of the most popular tools in the study of visual processing in the absence of conscious awareness. Studies use different kinds of masks, like colorful Mondrians or random noise. Even though the use of CFS is widespread, little is known about some of the underlying neuronal mechanisms, such as the interactions between masks and stimuli. We designed a b-CFS experiment with feature-reduced targets and masks in order to investigate possible effects of feature-similarity or -orthogonality between masks and targets. Masks were pink noise patterns filtered with an orientation band pass to generate a strong directionality. Target stimuli were Gabors varying systematically in their orientational alignment with the masks. We found that stimuli whose orientational alignment was more similar to that of the masks are suppressed significantly longer. This feature-similarity (here: orientation) based enhancement of suppression duration can be overcome by feature orthogonality in another feature dimension (here: color). We conclude that mask–target interactions exist in continuous flash suppression, and the human visual system can use orthogonality within a feature dimension or across feature dimensions to facilitate the breaking of the CFS.
Metamaterial properties of Babinet complementary complex structures
Authors: Tóth Emese , Bánhelyi Balázs , Fekete Olivér , Csete Mária 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle and multiple layers of sub-wavelength periodic Babinet complementary patterns composed of rounded nano-object miniarrays were investigated. In case of illumination with linearly and circularly polarized light the azimuthal orientation and handedness (in)dependence of (cross-polarized) copolarized transmitted signal components was proven for all types of patterns. Considerable (weak) asymmetric transmission was demonstrated in extended bands exclusively for both types of copolarized (cross-polarized) signals transmitted through single layer of convex miniarrays. Three-dimensional structures constructed with convex–concave–convex complex pattern-layers resulted in a negative index at the visible region boundary both for linearly and circularly polarized light illuminations. This is because dipolar modes on the convex nano-objects are synchronized with co-existent reversal dipoles on the concave nano-objects via interlayer coupling. Although during linearly polarized light illumination, the interlayer interaction decouples the localized and propagating modes excitable on the concave pattern in the 90° azimuthal orientation, the synchronization via tilted-rotating nanoring dipoles is almost perfect in the 0° azimuthal orientation. For circularly polarized light illumination, both the dispersion maps and the negative index phenomena synthesize the characteristics of the two orthogonal linearly polarized light illuminations. Important aspect is the appearance of a small/intermediate (large) time-averaged amplitude magnetic dipole due to the tilted (twisted) electric dipole on the concave nanoring, which less/more quickly turns (continuously rotates) with large/intermediate (small) out-of-plane tilting, when illumination is realized with linearly polarized light in the 90°/0° azimuthal orientation (with circularly polarized light). The location of the negative index can be predicted based on the copolarized transmittance signals computed for circularly polarized light illumination by using the linear base representation of Jones transmission matrix elements.
An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA’s analysis method
Authors: Adhikari Govinda , Carlin Nelson , Choi JaeJin , Choi Seonho , Ezeribe Anthony , França Luis Eduardo , Ha Chang Hyon , Hahn In Sik , Hollick Sophia J. , Jeon Eunju , Jo Jay Hyun , Joo Han Wool , Kang Woon Gu , Kauer Matthew , Kim Bongho , Kim Hongjoo , Kim Jinyoung , Kim Kyungwon , Kim SungHyun , Kim Sun Kee , Kim Won Kyung , Kim Yeongduk , Kim Yong-Hamb , Ko Young Ju , Lee Doo Hyok , Lee Eun Kyung , Lee Hyunseok , Lee Hyun Su , Lee Hye Young , Lee In Soo , Lee Jaison , Lee Jooyoung , Lee Moo Hyun , Lee Seo Hyun , Lee Seung Mok , Lee Yu Jin , Leonard Douglas , Manzato Bruno B. , Maruyama Reina H. , Neal Robert J. , Nikkel James A. , Olsen Stephen L. , Park Byung Ju , Park Hyang Kyu , Park Hyeonseo , Park Kangsoon , Park Se Dong , Pitta Ricardo L. C. , Prihtiadi Hafizh , Ra Sejin , Rott Carsten , Shin Keon Ah , Scarff Andrew , Spooner Neil J. C. , Thompson William G. , Yang Liang , Yu Gyun Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has reported the observation of an annual modulation in the event rate that has been attributed to dark matter interactions over the last two decades. However, even though tremendous efforts to detect similar dark matter interactions were pursued, no definitive evidence has been observed to corroborate the DAMA/LIBRA signal. Many studies assuming various dark matter models have attempted to reconcile DAMA/LIBRA’s modulation signals and null results from other experiments, however no clear conclusion can be drawn. Apart from the dark matter hypothesis, several studies have examined the possibility that the modulation is induced by variations in detector’s environment or their specific analysis methods. In particular, a recent study presents a possible cause of the annual modulation from an analysis method adopted by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment in which the observed annual modulation could be reproduced by a slowly varying time-dependent background. Here, we study the COSINE-100 data using an analysis method similar to the one adopted by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment and observe a significant annual modulation, however the modulation phase is almost opposite to that of the DAMA/LIBRA data. Assuming the same background composition for COSINE-100 and DAMA/LIBRA, simulated experiments for the DAMA/LIBRA without dark matter signals also provide significant annual modulation with an amplitude similar to DAMA/LIBRA with opposite phase. Even though this observation does not directly explain the DAMA/LIBRA results directly, this interesting phenomenon motivates more profound studies of the time-dependent DAMA/LIBRA background data.
Evaluation of biometric formulas in the calculation of intraocular lens according to axial length and type of the lens
Authors: Sánchez-Liñan Noelia , Pérez-Rueda Antonio , Parrón-Carreño Tesifón , Nievas-Soriano Bruno-José , Castro-Luna Gracia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo compare the accuracy of the modern biometric formulas in cataract surgery according to axial length and lens type. It is a Cross-sectional design from 365 patients who underwent cataract surgery. The SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Holladay I formulas were extracted from the IOLMaster 500 biometer. Barret formulas and the Kane were obtained from the online calculator. Patients are classified according to axial length (AL) into three groups: AL ≤ 22 mm, 22 < AL < 25 mm, and AL ≥ 25 mm. In addition, implanted intraocular lenses are classified as Monofocal, extended focus, and Multifocal. There are no significant differences between the formulas. In short, the Kane formula was more accurate than the other biometric formulas. Kane and SRK/T were the most accurate in monofocal lenses, with the lowest residual refractive error. The Holladay I formula obtained the lowest mean absolute error with the highest number of eyes with minimum residual ± 0.5Dp in the multifocal lenses in the 22 < AL < 25 mm eyes. In the long AL eyes, SRK/T and Kane's obtained the lowest mean absolute error and the best percentage of eyes with ± 0.5Dp of residual refractive error. There are no significant differences between the formulas. However Kane's formula has shown high accuracy, especially in short and long eyes with monofocal lenses.
Quasi-band structure of quantum-confined nanocrystals
Authors: Buerkle Marius , Lozac’h Mickaël , Mariotti Davide , Švrček Vladimir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe discuss the electronic properties of quantum-confined nanocrystals. In particular, we show how, starting from the discrete molecular states of small nanocrystals, an approximate band structure (quasi-band structure) emerges with increasing particle size. Finite temperature is found to broaden the discrete states in energy space forming even for nanocrystals in the quantum-confinement regime quasi-continuous bands in k-space. This bands can be, to a certain extend, interpreted along the lines of standard band structure theory, while taking also finite size and surface effects into account. We discuss this on various prototypical nanocrystal systems.
Increases in extreme precipitation over the Northeast United States using high-resolution climate model simulations
Authors: Jong Bor-Ting , Delworth Thomas L. , Cooke William F. , Tseng Kai-Chih , Murakami Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtreme precipitation is among the most destructive natural disasters. Simulating changes in regional extreme precipitation remains challenging, partially limited by climate models’ horizontal resolution. Here, we use an ensemble of high-resolution global climate model simulations to study September–November extreme precipitation over the Northeastern United States, where extremes have increased rapidly since the mid-1990s. We show that a model with 25 km horizontal resolution simulates much more realistic extreme precipitation than comparable models with 50 or 100 km resolution, including frequency, amplitude, and temporal variability. The 25 km model simulated trends are quantitatively consistent with observed trends over recent decades. We use the same model for future projections. By the mid-21st century, the model projects unprecedented rainfall events over the region, driven by increasing anthropogenic radiative forcing and distinguishable from natural variability. Very extreme events (>150 mm/day) may be six times more likely by 2100 than in the early 21st century.
NSUN3-mediated mitochondrial tRNA 5-formylcytidine modification is essential for embryonic development and respiratory complexes in mice
Authors: Murakami Yoshitaka , Wei Fan-Yan , Kawamura Yoshimi , Horiguchi Haruki , Kadomatsu Tsuyoshi , Miyata Keishi , Miura Kyoko , Oike Yuichi , Ando Yukio , Ueda Mitsuharu , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Chujo Takeshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn mammalian mitochondria, translation of the AUA codon is supported by 5-formylcytidine (f5C) modification in the mitochondrial methionine tRNA anticodon. The 5-formylation is initiated by NSUN3 methylase. Human NSUN3 mutations are associated with mitochondrial diseases. Here we show that Nsun3 is essential for embryonic development in mice with whole-body Nsun3 knockout embryos dying between E10.5 and E12.5. To determine the functions of NSUN3 in adult tissue, we generated heart-specific Nsun3 knockout (Nsun3HKO) mice. Nsun3HKO heart mitochondria were enlarged and contained fragmented cristae. Nsun3HKO resulted in enhanced heart contraction and age-associated mild heart enlargement. In the Nsun3HKO hearts, mitochondrial mRNAs that encode respiratory complex subunits were not down regulated, but the enzymatic activities of the respiratory complexes decreased, especially in older mice. Our study emphasizes that mitochondrial tRNA anticodon modification is essential for mammalian embryonic development and shows that tissue-specific loss of a single mitochondrial tRNA modification can induce tissue aberration that worsens in later adulthood.