bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling triangular, rectangular, and parabolic weirs using weighted robust extreme learning machine
Authors: Mahmoudian Alireza , Yosefvand Fariborz , Shabanlou Saeid , Izadbakhsh Mohammad Ali , Rajabi Ahmad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, dimensionless parameters influencing the coefficient of discharge (COD) are found and four different WRELM models are developed. After that, a dataset is created for verifying the WRELM models in which 70% of the data are employed to train learning machine models and the remaining 30% to test them. For the mentioned algorithm, the optimal number of hidden layer neurons along with the best activation function is chosen. Additionally, the best value for the regularization parameter of the WRELM algorithm is computed. By analyzing the simulation results, the superior WRELM model and the variables impacting the COD are detected. The superior WRELM model approximates COD values with the minimum error and the highest correlation with laboratory values. For the superior model, the values of the R, MAE and VAF statistical indices are computed to be 0.994, 0.0004 and 98.662, respectively. The analysis of the simulation results indicates that the dimensionless parameters α and T/B are the most influencing input parameters. The superior WRELM model results are compared with the algorithm, and it is concluded that the WRELM model is noticeably more efficient. For the superior WRELM model, a partial derivative sensitivity analysis (PDSA) is conducted in which as the input parameter α increases, the PSDA value increases as well. Finally, an equation is suggested for estimating COD values.
Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia)
Authors: Sulaiman Fazrul Razman , Mohamed Noorfazira , Aris Ahmad Zaharin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInformation about metal contamination in drinking water remains inadequate, especially for semi-urban areas. This study determines the concentrations of metals in drinking water in Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia. It also attempts to assess the potential health risks and to identify the possible sources of metal contamination. Metal concentration was analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results included the mean concentrations of Zn (1.7 × 10–1 mg/L), Pb (2.4 × 10–2 mg/L), and Cr (1.75 × 10–3 mg/L). In general, the concentration of metals was below the drinking water limitation standards set by the Malaysia Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, except for Pb. This work estimates low potential non-cancer (HQ < 1) and low cancer risks (LCR < 1) from metal exposure. However, children appear to be more susceptible to metal exposure via drinking water than adults. Based on multivariate analysis, metal in drinking water could come from two sources. The findings suggest comprehensive continuous monitoring of metal concentrations from potable water, especially for semi-urban regions, to minimise health risks.
MxA for differentiating viral and bacterial infections in adults: a prospective, exploratory study
Authors: Metz Matthäus , Gualdoni Guido A. , Winkler Heide-Maria , Warenits Alexandra-Maria , Stöckl Johannes , Burgmann Heinz , Winkler Stefan , Oesterreicher Zoe Anne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Inappropriate antibiotic prescription in patients with viral infections contributes to the surge of antibiotic resistance. Viral infections induce the expression of the antiviral protein MxA in monocytes, which is a promising biomarker to differentiate between viral and bacterial diseases. In this prospective, exploratory study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic value of monocyte MxA expression in adults with viral, bacterial or co-infections.

Methods
We measured monocyte MxA expression using flow cytometry in a cohort of 61 adults with various viral, bacterial and co-infections including patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.

Results
Monocyte MxA expression in virus-infected patients was significantly higher compared to bacterial infections (83.3 [66.8, 109.4] vs. 33.8 [29.3, 47.8] mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]; p < 0.0001) but not co-infections (53.1 [33.9, 88.9] MFI). At a threshold of 62.2 MFI, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections was 0.9, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 84.6%, respectively. Immunosuppressive therapy did not affect monocyte MxA expression in virus-infected patients.

Conclusion
Our findings corroborate the diagnostic performance of MxA in differentiating viral and bacterial infections but also point to an important caveat of MxA in viral-bacterial co-infections. This study extends previous reports and indicates that MxA is also a useful biomarker in immunocompromised patients.
Characterization of the tribologically relevant cover layers formed on copper in oxygen and oxygen-free conditions
Authors: Raumel Selina , Barienti Khemais , Luu Hoang-Thien , Merkert Nina , Dencker Folke , Nürnberger Florian , Maier Hans Jürgen , Wurz Marc Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEngineering in vacuum or under a protective atmosphere permits the production of materials, wherever the absence of oxygen is an essential demand for a successful processing. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence of the effect of oxidized surfaces to tribological properties. In the current study on 99.99% pure copper, it is revealed that tribo-oxidation and the resulting increased abrasive wear can be suppressed by processing in an extreme high vacuum (XHV) adequate environment. The XHV adequate atmosphere was realized by using a silane-doped shielding gas (1.5 vol% SiH4 in argon). To analyse the influence of the ambient atmosphere on the tribological and mechanical properties, a ball—disk tribometer and a nanoindenter were used in air, argon, and silane-doped argon atmosphere for temperatures up to 800 °C. Resistance measurements of the resulting coatings were carried out. To characterize the microstructures and the chemical compositions of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The investigations have revealed a formation of η-Cu3Si in silane-doped atmosphere at 300 °C, as well as various intermediate stages of copper silicides. At temperatures above 300 °C, the formation of γ-Cu5Si were detected. The formation was linked to an increase in hardness from 1.95 to 5.44 GPa, while the Young’s modulus increased by 46% to 178 GPa, with the significant reduction of the wear volume by a factor of 4.5 and the suppression of further oxidation and susceptibility of chemical wear. In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Adaptive Color Quantization Method with Multi-level Thresholding
Authors: Kılıçaslan Mahmut , İncetaş Mürsel Ozan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, a novel color quantization approach which automatically estimates the number of colors by multi-level thresholding based on the histogram is proposed. The method consists of three stages. First, red–green–blue is clustered by threshold values. Thus, the pixels are positioned in a cluster or sub-prism. Second, the color palette is produced by determining the centroids of the clusters. Finally, the pixels are reassigned to clusters based on their distance from each centroid. The average of the pixels included in each cluster also represents the color of that cluster. While conventional methods are user-dependent, the proposed algorithm automatically generates the number of colors by considering the pixels assigned to the clusters. Additionally, the multi-level thresholding approach is also a solution to the initialization problem, which is another important issue for quantization. Consequently, the experimental results of the method tested with various images show better performance than many frequently used quantization techniques.
Characteristics of pivotal clinical trials of FDA-approved endovascular devices between 2000 and 2018: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Moon John T. , Konstantinidis Menelaos , Song Nevon , Nezami Nariman , Majdalany Bill S. , Herr Allen , Siskin Gary 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviews safety, efficacy, and the quality of medical devices through its regulatory process. The FDA Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) of 2012 was aimed at accelerating the regulatory process for medical devices.

Objectives:
The purpose of our study was to (1) quantify characteristics of pivotal clinical trials (PCTs) supporting the premarket approval of endovascular medical devices and (2) analyze trends over the last two decades in light of the FDASIA.

Methods:
We surveyed the study designs of endovascular devices with PCTs from the US FDA pre-market approval medical devices database. The effect of FDASIA on key design parameters (e.g., randomization, masking, and number of enrolled patients) was estimated using an interrupted time series analysis (segmented regression).

Results:
We identified 117 devices between 2000–2018. FDASIA was associated with a decrease in double blinding (p < 0.0001) and a decrease in historical comparators (p < 0.0001).

Discussion:
Our results reveal an overall trend of decreased regulatory requirements as it relates to clinical trial characteristics, but a compensatory increased rate of post-approval across device classes. Furthermore, there was an emphasis on proving equivalence or non-inferiority rather than more use of active comparators in clinical trials. Medical device stakeholders, notably clinicians, must be aware of the shifting regulatory landscape in order to play an active role in promoting patient safety.
Ability, Knowledge, and Non-paradigmatic Testimony
Authors: Harris Keith Raymond 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCritics of virtue reliabilism allege that the view cannot account for testimonial knowledge, as the acquisition of such knowledge is creditable to the testifier, not the recipient's cognitive abilities. I defend virtue reliabilism by attending to empirical work concerning human abilities to detect sincerity, certainty, and seriousness through bodily cues and properties of utterances. Then, I consider forms of testimony involving books, newspapers, and online social networks. I argue that, while discriminatory abilities directed at bodily cues and properties of utterances are impotent in the face of such testimony, alternative abilities facilitate the acquisition of knowledge from these sources.
Subcritical crack propagation in glacial quarrying during subglacial water pressure variation
Authors: Li Lin , Huang Yipeng , Su Ningchuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlacial quarrying stems from the fracturing of subglacial bedrock. Much evidence shows that subcritical crack propagation of bedrock is closely related to subglacial water pressure fluctuations. Here we employ a model that assesses the impact of subglacial water pressure fluctuation on cavity length and subcritical crack propagation, while analyzing the effect of a pre-existing crack location using a phase-field model (PFM). Our results indicate that the cavity length is reduced during diurnal fluctuations in water pressure. There are two patterns of subcritical crack propagation on the corner of the step. The first stems from a rapid drop in water pressure. The second occurs after the water pressure recovers from the fluctuation to the initial steady state. This pattern is a consequence of enhanced stress concentration on the step since the modeled cavity length exceeds its steady value and has higher efficiency in promoting subcritical crack propagation. Additionally, based on the PFM results, we speculate that the subcritical crack initiation and propagation happen on a broader scale, including the ice-bed contact region and its adjacent region. Our findings imply that the duration of subcritical crack propagation is short and typically ceases once the cavity length adjusts to reduced water pressure levels.
Deliberative Democracy and Systemic Racism
Authors: Drake Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExamining recent developments in deliberative democracy alongside growing attention to system-wide racism, I look at the ways deliberative systems theory and practice deals with the tension between the theory's normative claims and the structural injustice against which deliberative systems unfold. I focus on work aimed at deepening inclusion in deliberative systems, noting that this focus on inclusion into unjust systems stops the deliberative literature from taking full responsibility for structural and systemic racism. Taking a critical approach to the deliberative literature's capacity to confront systemic racism and live up to its normative principles of treating all people as equals, I argue that we need to reframe power to centre the relationship between race and democracy. As I do so, I propose ways to begin dismantling foundational injustice in deliberative systems, centring foundational inequalities in deliberative theory and design, and setting out differential responsibilities for listening as deliberative theorists confront the problem of white supremacy in deliberative systems.
Speech acts and interaction in second language pragmatics: A position paper
Authors: House Juliane , Kádár Dániel Z. 
Published: February 2023

In this position paper, we argue that second language (L2) pragmatic research needs to explore new avenues for integrating speech acts and interaction, by proposing a radically minimal, finite and interactional typology of speech acts. While we will introduce what we mean by integrating speech acts and interaction in detail below, the following argument helps us to summarise the issue we consider in this study:When we describe language behaviour, we sometimes use terms such as ‘suggest’, ‘request’ and so on, which roughly indicate illocutionary values, and sometimes terms such as ‘agree’, ‘accept’, ‘contradict’, ‘turn down’, ‘refuse’, which are more indicative of the significance of the utterance relative to a preceding one. What we need to do is to distinguish between these two aspects of a communicative act – the illocutionary and the interactional. (Edmondson et al., 2023, pp. 25–26)
Commonalities, differences, and differences that matter between monolingual and bilingual development
Authors: HOFF Erika 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis commentary makes the argument that the child-internal and child-external sources of individual differences in bilingual development are much the same as the sources of individual differences in monolingual development. It makes the further argument that the operation of the child-external influences results in differences between monolingual and bilingual development in the rate and sometimes in the outcome of language acquisition. An argument is made for the scientific and practical value of understanding the differences between monolingual and bilingual development, and future directions for research are suggested.
Bipartite-ness under smooth conditions
Authors: Jiang Tao , Longbrake Sean , Ma Jie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Given a family

$\mathcal{F}$

of bipartite graphs, the Zarankiewicz number

$z(m,n,\mathcal{F})$

is the maximum number of edges in an

$m$

by

$n$

bipartite graph

$G$

that does not contain any member of

$\mathcal{F}$

as a subgraph (such

$G$

is called

$\mathcal{F}$

-free). For

$1\leq \beta \lt \alpha \lt 2$

, a family

$\mathcal{F}$

of bipartite graphs is

$(\alpha,\beta )$

-smooth if for some

$\rho \gt 0$

and every

$m\leq n$

,

$z(m,n,\mathcal{F})=\rho m n^{\alpha -1}+O(n^\beta )$

. Motivated by their work on a conjecture of Erdős and Simonovits on compactness and a classic result of Andrásfai, Erdős and Sós, Allen, Keevash, Sudakov and Verstraëte proved that for any

$(\alpha,\beta )$

-smooth family

$\mathcal{F}$

, there exists

$k_0$

such that for all odd

$k\geq k_0$

and sufficiently large

$n$

, any

$n$

-vertex

$\mathcal{F}\cup \{C_k\}$

-free graph with minimum degree at least

$\rho (\frac{2n}{5}+o(n))^{\alpha -1}$

is bipartite. In this paper, we strengthen their result by showing that for every real

$\delta \gt 0$

, there exists

$k_0$

such that for all odd

$k\geq k_0$

and sufficiently large

$n$

, any

$n$

-vertex

$\mathcal{F}\cup \{C_k\}$

-free graph with minimum degree at least

$\delta n^{\alpha -1}$

is bipartite. Furthermore, our result holds under a more relaxed notion of smoothness, which include the families

$\mathcal{F}$

consisting of the single graph

$K_{s,t}$

when

$t\gg s$

. We also prove an analogous result for

$C_{2\ell }$

-free graphs for every

$\ell \geq 2$

, which complements a result of Keevash, Sudakov and Verstraëte.
A Century of Behavioral Genetics at the University of Minnesota
Authors: Willoughby Emily A. , Giannelis Alexandros , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt , Vrieze Scott I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe University of Minnesota has played an important role in the resurgence and eventual mainstreaming of human behavioral genetics in psychology and psychiatry. We describe this history in the context of three major movements in behavioral genetics: (1) radical eugenics in the early 20th century, (2) resurgence of human behavioral genetics in the 1960s, largely using twin and adoption designs to obtain more precise estimates of genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in behavior; and (3) use of measured genotypes to understand behavior. University of Minnesota scientists made significant contributions especially in (2) and (3) in the domains of cognitive ability, drug abuse and mental health, and endophenotypes. These contributions are illustrated through a historical perspective of major figures and events in behavioral genetics.
The Gas and Brake Policy: Indonesia's COVID-19 Securitization Dilemmas
Authors: Ihsan Rizky , Munabari Fahlesa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndonesia, like many other countries, has encountered a slew of social, political, economic, and public health challenges in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to these challenges, the Indonesian government implemented security measures by instituting large-scale social restrictions (Indonesian: Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar) and, later, micro-scale social restrictions (Pemberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat) to restrict people's mobility and virus transmission. Using securitisation theory as a framework, this article examines how the nationwide dilemma between public health and economic security arose. Based on official documents, government papers, and political speeches, this study reveals how the country's COVID-19 responses were largely defined by carefully constructed and flexible measures known as the ‘gas and brake’ policy (Kebijakan Gas dan Rem), which were aimed at resolving the health-economic dilemma. This policy is deemed appropriate given the country's limited public health and economic resources, despite the fact that many argue that such an approach reflects indecisiveness and a lack of coordination among the country's authorities. This article also demonstrates that policymakers in Indonesia use this policy to resolve the securitisation dilemma by reinforcing the hierarchical ordering of security sectors as a readjustment strategy. The policy is used to justify tightening or easing social restrictions by changing the security narrative throughout the pandemic.
Environmental Drivers of Gross Primary Productivity and Light Use Efficiency of a Temperate Spruce Forest
Authors: Reitz O. , Bogena H. , Neuwirth B. , Sanchez‐Azofeifa A. , Graf A. , Bates J. , Leuchner M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVarious environmental variables drive gross primary productivity (GPP) and light use efficiency (LUE) of forest ecosystems. However, due to their intertwined nature and the complexity of measuring absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) of forest canopies, the assessment of LUE and the importance of its environmental drivers are difficult. Here, we present a unique combination of measurements during the 2021 growing season including eddy covariance derived GPP, sap flow, Sentinel‐2 derived canopy chlorophyll content and in situ measured APAR. The importance of environmental variables for GPP models is quantified with state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques. A special focus is put on photosynthesis‐limiting conditions, which are identified by a comparison of GPP and sap flow hysteretic responses to Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and APAR. Results demonstrate that (a) LUE of the canopy's green part was on average 4.0% ± 2.3%, (b) canopy chlorophyll content as a seasonal variable for photosynthetic capacity was important for GPP predictions, and (c) on days with high VPD, tree‐scale sap flow and ecosystem‐scale GPP both shift to a clockwise hysteretic response to APAR. We demonstrate that the onset of such a clockwise hysteretic pattern of sap flow to APAR is a good indicator of stomatal closure related to water‐limiting conditions at the ecosystem‐scale.
Proactive breast cancer risk assessment in primary care: a review based on the principles of screening
Authors: Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Hindmarch Sarah , French David P. , Tischkowitz Marc , Moorthie Sowmiya , Walter Fiona M. , Dennison Rebecca A. , Stutzin Donoso Francisca , Archer Stephanie , Taylor Lily , Emery Jon , Morris Stephen , Easton Douglas F. , Antoniou Antonis C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the UK, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that women at moderate or high risk of breast cancer be offered risk-reducing medication and enhanced breast screening/surveillance. In June 2022, NICE withdrew a statement recommending assessment of risk in primary care only when women present with concerns. This shift to the proactive assessment of risk substantially changes the role of primary care, in effect paving the way for a primary care-based screening programme to identify those at moderate or high risk of breast cancer. In this article, we review the literature surrounding proactive breast cancer risk assessment within primary care against the consolidated framework for screening. We find that risk assessment for women under 50 years currently satisfies many of the standard principles for screening. Most notably, there are large numbers of women at moderate or high risk currently unidentified, risk models exist that can identify those women with reasonable accuracy, and management options offer the opportunity to reduce breast cancer incidence and mortality in that group. However, there remain a number of uncertainties and research gaps, particularly around the programme/system requirements, that need to be addressed before these benefits can be realised.