bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β2 nAChR Activation on VTA DA Neurons Is Sufficient for Nicotine Reinforcement in Rats
Authors: Walker Noah B. , Yan Yijin , Tapia Melissa A. , Tucker Brenton R. , Thomas Leanne N. , George Brianna E. , West Alyssa M. , Marotta Christopher B. , Lester Henry A. , Dougherty Dennis A. , Holleran Katherine M. , Jones Sara R. , Drenan Ryan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMesolimbic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) activation is necessary for nicotine reinforcement behavior, but it is unknown whether selective activation of nAChRs in the dopamine (DA) reward pathway is sufficient to support nicotine reinforcement. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of β2-containing (β2*) nAChRs on VTA neurons is sufficient for intravenous nicotine self-administration (SA). We expressed β2 nAChR subunits with enhanced sensitivity to nicotine (referred to as β2Leu9′Ser) in the VTA of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, enabling very low concentrations of nicotine to selectively activate β2* nAChRs on transduced neurons. Rats expressing β2Leu9′Ser subunits acquired nicotine SA at 1.5 μg/kg/infusion, a dose too low to support acquisition in control rats. Saline substitution extinguished responding for 1.5 μg/kg/inf, verifying that this dose was reinforcing. β2Leu9′Ser nAChRs also supported acquisition at the typical training dose in rats (30 μg/kg/inf) and reducing the dose to 1.5 μg/kg/inf caused a significant increase in the rate of nicotine SA. Viral expression of β2Leu9′Ser subunits only in VTA DA neurons (via TH-Cre rats) also enabled acquisition of nicotine SA at 1.5 μg/kg/inf, and saline substitution significantly attenuated responding. Next, we examined electrically-evoked DA release in slices from β2Leu9′Ser rats with a history of nicotine SA. Single-pulse evoked DA release and DA uptake rate were reduced in β2Leu9′Ser NAc slices, but relative increases in DA following a train of stimuli were preserved. These results are the first to report that β2* nAChR activation on VTA neurons is sufficient for nicotine reinforcement in rats.
Analysis of Metacognitive Ability of Middle School Students in Science Learning by Using Reflection Blogs
Authors: Astutik Kartika Fitri , Wusqo Indah Urwatin 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the metacognitive abilities of junior high school students through reflection blogs. This study uses the type of research One-Shot Case Study. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique. Based on the questionnaire data, metacognitive ability was obtained with an average score of 155.5 or 78.94% in class VIII A and metacognitive ability with an average score of 153.15 or 55%. Similar to the results of the questionnaire, the data for writing reflection blogs on students showed a score of 66% in class VIII A and 63% in class VIII B. Based on these data, it was found that the metacognitive abilities of class VIII A and class VIII B students were in the high category.
Possibilities of Anxiolytic Therapy in the Elimination of Stress Skin Manifestations: A Case Report
Authors: Sydorova Nataliia , Vereshchaka Volodymyr , Kuts Taras 
Published: May 2023

The case of a 42-year-old female patient with pronounced itching and exanthema, mainly in the area of the trunk and lower limbs, is presented. Previously, the patient took antihistamines without effect, was treated for scabies, but the itching remained pronounced and led to rash and excoriations. From the anamnesis, it was found that the patient has a high level of stress. According to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the anxiety of the patient reached 14 points, and depression 1 point. Functional (psychogenic) itching was suspected. Since the patient refused dermatologist consultation, therapy with the anxiolytic temgicoluril, topical antipruritic agents and nonpharmacological methods of treatment were recommended at the initial stage. The patient felt a significant relief of itching symptoms on the first day of anxiolytic usage, she withdrew topical antipruritic agents after 5 days of anxiolytic treatment, in 15 days she began to reduce the dose of temgicoluril, and at the end of the third week she stopped treatment with anxiolytic due to a significant positive effect. In three weeks, practically all elements of the rash, except for the largest wounds from scratching, disappeared. The peculiarity of the case is that functional itching was completely eliminated during anxiolytic therapy without other systemic medications, which emphasizes the importance of eliminating the component of stress and anxiety in the treatment of such patients.
Undertriage for Children With Caregivers Preferring Languages Other Than English
Authors: Rojas Christina R. , Chamberlain James M. , Cohen Joanna S. , Badolato Gia M. , Cook Lawrence J. , Goyal Monika K. , Berkowitz Deena 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES
Undertriage, the underestimation of acuity, can result in delayed care and potential morbidity in the emergency department (ED). Although inequities in ED care based on language preference have been noted, little is known about its association with undertriage. We evaluated for differences in undertriage based on caregiver language preference.

METHODS
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients aged younger than 21 years, triaged as Emergency Severity Index (ESI) level 4 or 5 (nonurgent), to the pediatric ED from January 1, 2019, through January 31, 2021. Indicators of undertriage were defined as hospital admission, significant ED resource use, or return visits with admission. We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to measure the association of preferred language with undertriage.

RESULTS
Of 114 266 ED visits included in the study, 22 525 (19.8%) represented patients with caregivers preferring languages other than English. These children were more likely to experience undertriage compared with those with caregivers preferring English (3.7% [English] versus 4.6% [Spanish] versus 5.9% [other languages]; Spanish versus English: odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.4] and other languages versus English: OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2). Differences remained after adjusting for sex, insurance, mode of arrival, and clustering by triage nurse (Spanish versus English: adjusted OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3–1.5) and other languages versus English: adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2).

CONCLUSIONS
Children accompanied by caregivers preferring languages other than English are more likely to be undertriaged in the pediatric ED. Efforts to improve the triage process are needed to promote equitable care for this population.
Africa’s move from raw material exports toward mineral value addition: Historical background and implications
Authors: Mavhunga Clapperton Chakanetsa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
For the last 500 years, the West has mapped Africa as a source of raw materials, disrupted vibrant African value addition, and arrogated itself as the place where industrial revolutions (value addition) happen. This strategy is clearly traceable from the transatlantic slave trade, continuing through European colonialism, to the current critical raw materials (CRMs) framing necessary for its digital and climate tech dominance. African countries have realized that continuing to export materials raw is an unsustainable path of dependency. Emphasis is now on value addition, which is the norm in everyday life, rendered informal, marginal, even illegal under colonialism and never revisited, recentered, and formalized after independence. This article takes minerals as an example of indigenous value addition and how the transatlantic slave trade and colonial rule destroyed it and inserted in its place extractive infrastructures of CRMs export that have remained intact since independence. The last half of the essay switches to Africa’s pivot to value addition, zeroing in on Zimbabwe and the Democratic Republic of the Congo as case studies, focusing on chrome, cobalt, and lithium. These minerals constitute the basis for the electric vehicle, smartphone, lithium-ion battery, semiconductor, and other electronic manufacturing to supply the newly created African Continental Free Trade Area, an internal market of 1.3 billion people. The article ends with a discussion of four major challenges to value addition—energy, finance, markets, and skills—and how Africa is meeting and could meet them. The reader is invited to consider the implications of a world order in which Africa is no longer exporting its materials raw, but becomes the center of global manufacturing, adding value to its own materials.

Graphical abstract
Analysis of Grab Transportation Services in Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Adang Djatnika 
Published: May 2023

Problems with customer satisfaction at PT. Grab Indonesia in Ciamis Regency, where certain customers are still dissatisfied with the services offered, served as the inspiration for this study. This may be affected by how well PT Grab Indonesia's drivers perform in the Ciamis Regency region. An estimated t value of 12.965 and a significance value of 0.0000.05 indicated that Tangible (Physical Evidence) has a substantial impact on customer satisfaction. With a t count of 1.101 and a significance value of 0.274>0.05, reliability does not significantly influence customer happiness. With a t count of 2.677 and a significance value of 0.0090.05, responsiveness has a favorable and substantial impact on consumer power. With a t count of -3.293 and a significance value of 0.001 to 0.05, assurance has a favorable and substantial impact on organizational commitment. With a t count of 4.668 and a significance value of 0.0000.05, Emphaty has a favorable and significant impact on customer satisfaction. As can be observed from the significant value of 0.00 0.05 and the computed F value of 66.765, which is higher than the F table, Service Quality characteristics such as tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy jointly affect Customer Satisfaction. The tangible variable, or physical evidence, has the largest beta of all the variables, making it the variable that is most dominant when compared to other variables. The effect of service quality characteristics on customer satisfaction was found to be 78% Rsquare in this study, while the remaining 22% was influenced by other variables that were not examined.
KAJIAN BIBLIOMETRIKA : TINGKAT PRODUKTIVITAS DAN KOLABORASI PENULIS MEDIA AKUAKULTUR 2016-2020
Authors: PUSPA ERNY , ENDARWATI TETI 
Published: May 2023

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kolaborasi penulis, tingkat produktivitas penulis, dan artikel pada publikasi Media Akuakultur periode tahun 2016-2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis bibliometrik. Analisis tingkat kolaborasi menggunakan rumus Subramanyam dan perhitungan frekuensi produktivitas penulis. Hasil kajianmenunjukkan jumlah keseluruhan artikel pada Media Akuakultur periode 2016-2020 sebanyak 69 judul, dengan pola penerbitan 2 penulis sebanyak 11 artikel, 3 penulis 24 artikel, 4 penulis 20 artikel, 5 penulis 9 artikel, hal ini sesuai dengan penghitungan tingkat derajat kolaborasi (C) yang diperoleh adalah 1 yang menunjukkan bahwa seluruh tulisan hasil penelitian dilakukan secarakolaborasi dengan pola kepengarangan kolaborasi sebanyak 219 orang. Diperoleh 7 peringkat produktivitas penulis pada Media Akuakultur 2016-2020 yaitu : peringkat pertama 6 judul artikel, peringkat kedua 5 judul artikel, peringkat ketiga 4 judul artkel, peringkat keempat 5 judul artikel, peringkat kelima 3 judul artikel, peringkat ke enam 2 judul artikel, dan peringkat ketujuh 1 judul artkel. Penulis dengan produktivitas tertinggi dalam kurun waktu 2016-2020 adalah Jojo Subagya, Otong Zaenal Arifin, Makmur, Vitas Atmadi Prakoso dengan penulisan ilmiah sebanyak 6 artikel. This research aims to determine the level of author collaboration, the level of author productivity, and articles on Media Akuakultur publications for the 2016-2020 period. The research used quantitative descriptive method using bibliometric analysis Subramanyam formula and the calculation of the frequency of the author’s productivity. The result showed that the amount of Media akuakultur article published in 2016-2020 periods were 69 articles, with a publishing form of 2 authors as many as 11 articles, 3 authors 24 articles, 4 authors 20 articles, 5 authors 9 articles. this matter suitable in accordance with collaboration degree calculation (C) obtained 1, the showedthat all research writings were carried out in collaboration with a collaborative authorship form of 219 people, and obtained 7 authors productivity rankings are: first rank 6 article titles, second rank 5 article titles, third rank 4 article titles, fourth rank 5 article titles, fifth rank 3 article titles, sixth rank 2 article and seventh rank 1 article title and the highest productivity authors in the 2016-2020 periods are : Jojo Subagya, Otong Zaenal Arifin, Makmur and Vitas Atmadi Prakoso with 6 scientific writing articles.
English Teacher’s Representations of the Comprehensive Training Process: How Do They Describe It?
Authors: Díaz Monsalve Ana Elsy , Carmona Agudelo Nadia Carolina 
Published: May 2023

In order to identify perceptions of comprehensive learning held by public elementary school English teachers in Medellín, nineteen teachers with undergraduate or graduate degrees in English participated in a qualitative study, completed a questionnaire, and some took part in an in-depth in­terview. English teacher perceptions possess both practical and theoretical characteristics and are structured thematically in accordance with student personality, communicative ability, and social and cultural context. This re­search project allowed the authors to create new concepts of comprehensive learning based on the experiences of English teachers.
Received: 31-08-09/ Accepted: 09-12-09
How to reference this article:
Diaz Monslve, A. E. & Carmona Agudelo, N. C. (2010). Representaciones de los docentes de inglés sobre el proceso de formación integral: ¿qué descripción ofrecen de ella? Íkala. 15(1), pp.173-203.
Conceptual Dynamism in Terminological Knowledge Bases: The Case of Ecolexicon
Authors: Faber Pamela , León Pilar 
Published: May 2023

The new conceptual-linguistic shift in terminology has given rise to a new approach, focused on discourse and the real use of terms in texts. This change of paradigm has led to a significant improvement in the content of terminolo­gical knowledge bases. However, the most innovative aspect of knowledge modeling lies in the wide-ranging use of ontologies. This provides ter­minology with greater semantic expressiveness. The presentation of the environmental knowledge base, EcoLexicon, developed at the Universi­dad de Granada, by the research group, EcoLexicon. In order to obtain the maximum benefit from the application of ontologies, a closed inventory of conceptual relations is proposed along with their combinatorial poten­tial. Accordingly, the result is a domain-specific representation, restricted by context. The method is based on data extracted from a corpus of texts compiled for this research, the concepts in the domain are classified accor­ding to their typology and relational potential. The characteristics applied are those of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to make inferences (e.g. the transitivity of metonymy). The definition of conceptual relations, de­pending on the nature of the concepts, offers a quantitative solution that limits excess information, and at the same time, offers a qualitative solution for knowledge acquisition. EcoLexicon successfully combines terminology with the expressive capacity of ontologies, which in the future will help to define search systems adapted to different user groups.
Received: 03-03-10 / Accepted: 30-04-10
How to reference this article:
Hien, A. (2010). Dinamismo conceptual en las bases de conocimiento terminológico: el caso de EcoLexicon. Íkala, 15(2), 43 – 72.
Partielle Koreferenz im Spanischen als Problem der Grammatik, Lehre und Übersetzung / Partial Coreference in Spanish as a Grammar, Teaching and Transla¬tion Problem
Authors: Sinner Carsten 
Published: May 2023

The goal of this text is to analyze partial co-reference in Spanish and Ger­man from the perspectives of grammar, language teaching and translation studies. After an attempt to explain the restrictions of partial co-reference in Spanish and German, the normative position is presented. Also after appro­aching the description of partial coreference as a phenomenon in languages in general, partial co-reference in Spanish and German is analyzed, taking into account earlier attempts to describe or explain the structure and de­termining the contexts and structures in which the construction is judged grammatical or acceptable.
Received: 02-12-08 / Acceptaed: 13-04-09
How to reference this article:
Carsten, S.(2010).Partielle koreferenz im Spanischen als Problem der Grammatik, Lehre und Übersetzung. Íkala, 15(2), pp.103-139.
Translation studies considerations on the interrelationship between health-medical language and the literary language
Authors: Huertas Cristina 
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to study the existing interrelation between two specialized languages that are apparently opposed: the literary and medical languages. Besides, the study comprised three different stages: 1) analysis and des­cription of both literary and medical languages individually; 2) creation of a corpus consisting of real, representative texts from the literary and medi­cal fields; and 3) comparative analysis of the interrelations between these two languages. The interrelation between these two specialized languages is clear, specifically for the English and Spanish languages, since different words and terms are shared in order to include new nuances. Furthermore, the translation of both types of texts studied in this paper requires an efficient use of data and documentation sources, which together with translation stra­tegies, are unavoidable to solve the problems derived from cultural aspects such as anisomorphisms. Even though specialized languages have been stu­died separately, the interrelation between them, and the extrapolation of terms and concepts of one specialized language to another, can be clearly observed. Moreover, the translator should know the asymmetrical relation between two texts, or even two languages, due to the anisomorphisms, espe­cially cultural anisomorphisms, to avoid inaccuracies in their translations.
Recieved: 12-01-2010 /Accepted: 14-04-2010
How to reference this article:
Huertas, C. (2010). Consideraciones traductológicas sobre la interrelación entre el lenguaje médico-sanitario y el lenguaje literario. Íkala, 15(3), 237 – 260.
Organic geochemistry and petrography of Miocene ombrotrophic coals in the tropical Asem-Asem Basin (Kalimantan, Indonesia): Comparison to coeval subtropical coals in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Fikri Hafidz Noor , Sachsenhofer Reinhard F. , Bechtel Achim , Gross Doris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The middle Miocene Warukin Formation in the Asem-Asem Basin (Kalimantan) contains a 20-m-thick coal seam (BL1) that is mined at the Jumbang mine. The seam, formed in a tropical peat, was studied to reconstruct the peat-forming environment and to compare its characteristics with those of similarly aged tropical coals from the Tutupan mine in the Barito Basin (Kalimantan) and similarly aged (~15 Ma) subtropical coal from the Leoben Basin in the Eastern Alps (Austria). Although all coals were formed in ombrotrophic peatlands, the comparison reveals differences in biomarker and maceral composition due to the different climate and flora.
The study is based on 22 coal and three non–coal samples, each representing a stratigraphic interval of 0.2 to 1.0 m. The samples were analyzed for ash yield, carbon and sulphur contents, and maceral composition. Organic geochemical parameters were obtained on eight coal samples to obtain information on the peat-forming vegetation. The low-ash, low-sulphur BL1 seam was deposited in an ombrotrophic basinal (coastal) mire. Locally increased sulphur contents in the lower coal bench BL1L demonstrate brackish influence and a near-shore environment. The vegetation was dominated by angiosperms including abundant dammar resin producing Dipterocarpaceae, while the contribution of gymnosperms was negligible.
The Tutupan seams T110 and T210, which were formed in kerapah (inland) ombrotrophic mires, have similar ash yields and sulphur contents but contain higher, although still low, concentrations of gymnosperm-derived diterpenoids. In addition, lower amounts of cadinane-type biomarkers and resinite suggest that Dipterocarpaceae were less dominant in kerapah peats. While differences between tropical coals from Kalimantan are minor, major differences exist between the tropical coals and the subtropical ombrotrophic Leoben coal. These include significantly higher concentrations of gymnosperm-derived biomarkers in subtropical peat, lower amounts of resinite due to the absence of Dipterocarpaceae, as wells as lower amounts of leaf- and rootlet-derived macerals. Apparently, fungal activity was also reduced in the sub-tropical Leoben peat. Surprisingly, the average amount of oxidized plant remains is also lower in the subtropical peat.
The role of the proto-Alpine Cenerian Orogen in the Avalonian- Cadomian belt
Authors: Finger Fritz , Riegler Gudrun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The proto-Alpine Cenerian orogen (Ediacaran-Ordovician) and the Cadomian orogen (Ediacaran-Cambrian), remnants of which are exposed in the central European Variscides, should be defined as two distinct and spatially separated coastal orogens within the Avalonian-Cadomian belt. The Cadomian orogen originally lay in front of the Sahara metacraton. It underwent a change from an active to a passive margin setting during the Cambrian. The Cenerian orogen, represented by intra-Alpine rocks, was located farther east near the Arabian Nubian Shield, from where it inherited a characteristic Tonian/Stenian detrital zircon signal. Subduction persisted in the Cenerian Orogen until the Ordovician. The Cadomian orogen was akin to Andean type whereas the Cenerian orogen was more akin to Alaskan type. This paper explores why the two orogens have such different characteristics and tectonic evolutions despite their probable proximity in the Avalonian-Cadomian belt. One explanation could be that they were at nearly right-angles to each other due to a strong concave bending of the northern Gondwana margin ahead of the Arabian-Nubian Shield.
Digital Hash Data Encryption for IoT Financial Transactions using Blockchain Security in the Cloud
Authors: Sheeba T. Blesslin , Hemanth S. V. , Devaraj V. , Arularasan A. N. , Gopianand M. 
Published: May 2023

Blockchain security via the Internet of Things (IoT) will reshape the decision-making function of the data-driven incumbent smart enterprise, providing the vision of the connected world of things. Enterprise IoT development of devices, personnel, and systems in such a way that they may connect and communicate with each other through the Internet. Blockchain is an enterprise financial transaction, and its digital network is distributed transaction ledger. Today, enterprises need the massive global data management and rapid trading volume to keep things going and growing. It creates enterprise business challenges of different types of security, transparency, and complexity of the problem. Enterprise architecture offers several advantages for the thief to obtain a specific user account, application, and access to the device. This is, will doesn't be to provide the necessities of security. The proposed Digital Hash Data Encryption (DHDE) is used to secure the transaction data-based embedded system people and blockchain. Blockchain and IoT technology integration may bring numerous benefits to mention. Therefore, the proposed DHDE algorithm comprehensively discusses the blockchain technology integration system. The proposed DHDE algorithm encrypts the transaction data for an unauthorized person who cannot access the enterprise transaction data based on embedded system people and blockchain.