bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Convoluted Experiences of Young Nigerian Victims of Trafficking along Their Migration Trajectories
Authors: Adeyinka Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This dissertation comprises two studies: the European Research Council-funded ChildMove Project, which studied the impact of transit experiences on the psychological wellbeing of unaccompanied refugee minors, and the Sub-Saharan Women In Prostitution Ethnographic Research (swipser) Project on the wellbeing of Nigerian and Ghanaian women working in prostitution in the red-light district of Brussels, funded by the municipality of Schaerbeek, Brussels. The ChildMove Project has various aspects: the present study focused on the complex experiences of Nigerian victims of trafficking in Italy. To better understand respondents’ experiences during their migration trajectories, we employed a multi-site, longitudinal approach which included semi-structured interviews with the participants. Using a multi-method ethnographic approach, the swipser Project highlights the experiences of Nigerian and Ghanaian women working in the red-light district of Brussels: their daily challenges and how those challenges impact their wellbeing. Both studies discuss the challenges, violent experiences and stigmatisation that the respondents encounter, as well as their coping strategies and their inability to escape the labelling and abuse that they experience, even though the migration journey has ended for many but continues for others.
The Effect of Household Energy Use on Residential Indoor Air Pollution in South East Nigeria
Authors: Agbo Kevin Emeka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The lack of data on the concentrations, sources and dynamics of pollutants makes management of household air quality ineffective. This PhD thesis focused on identifying pollutant sources and understanding the factors influencing indoor concentration levels and exposure in the home. A survey of 1698 urban and 287 rural homes and two one-week measurement campaigns showed that solid fuels, including charcoal, firewood and sawdust, are used in 95% of rural and 50% of urban homes for cooking. Kerosene lanterns and power generators provide lighting in 51% and 85% of urban and 72% and 43% of rural households, respectively, In addition, 78% of urban and 50% of rural families use mosquito repellants. The indoor no2, so2 and total volatile organic compound (tvoc) levels are 12–366 μg/m3, 3–21 μg/m3 and 26–841 μg/m3 in urban homes and 10–722 μg/m3, 3–101 μg/m3 and 2–673 μg/m3 in rural homes, indicating a potential health risk. The data will enable policy direction for effective air-quality management in Nigeria.
(Un)certainty After Return
Authors: Wanki Presca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Migration in Cameroon is often linked to specific expectations towards migrants, particularly with regard to sharing accumulated resources. To understand how differences in post-return experiences are created, this study, which is a summary of a PhD research project on the post-return experiences of Cameroonian migrants, takes a holistic approach by considering the socio-cultural, economic and political characteristics of the Cameroonian context. These factors were examined at four levels: (1) the expectations of the local community towards returned migrants; (2) family perspectives towards return; (3) tactics in navigating the socio-cultural, economic and political uncertainties after return; and (4) the formal support structures available for returnees. In addition to increasing scientific knowledge, this study leads to clear recommendations for policy and practice.
Integrating, Reconciling, and Prioritising Climate Aspirations in Investor-State Arbitration for a Sustainable Future: The Role of Different Players
Authors: Sharma Mala 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is a pervasive sense of tension between investor-State arbitration (ISA) and international climate change law. Both fields use different rationalities and evolved through completely different treaty systems. The tensions between the regimes are evident in the practice of ISA tribunals that hardly engage in analyses of States’ climate obligations. To mitigate this, this article proposes that climate aspirations must be integrated at various levels of the ISA regime by different players and at various stages. While States can contribute to this by drafting investment treaties better; arbitrators can reconcile the tensions by using pro-climate interpretative mechanisms; arbitration institutes can formulate procedural rules embedding third party participation and allowing counterclaims in ISA. Counsels and disputing parties can adopt best practices in managing arbitrations in a sustainable way, use climate and net zero aligned clauses and empower the arbitration tribunal to interpret and modify applicable law to align it to climate objectives.
Together Alone – the Lord’s Supper Between Ritual And Ritualisation
Authors: Rønkilde Jette Bendixen , Johansen Kirstine Helboe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Drawing on empirical data from a study of Sunday Services in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark (elcd) and using a theoretical framework from ritual theory, this article analyses and interprets regular churchgoers’ participation in the Lord´s Supper. The empirical material consists of participant observations combined with focus group workshops. The article puts forward the argument that participants experience the Lord´s Supper as a ritual in the Sunday Services that enables and embodies an intensified space in which they come to terms with the other churchgoers, themselves and God. The article thoroughly explores how the Lord´s Supper as a ritual seems to consist of different parts or movements marked by collective and individual practices that significantly affect the churchgoers’ ways of participating in and experiencing the Eucharist. It thus reveals that insights from ritual theory can provide an opportunity to rethink the theological and ritual dynamic of worship and in particular the Lord’s Supper.
Dialogic Drawing: A Method for Researching Abstract Phenomenon in Early Childhood
Authors: Ruscoe Amelia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article explores the theoretical, ethical, and practical opportunities and constraints considered in the methodological design and use of Dialogic Drawing, a participatory method for accessing qualitative data with young children. The method was designed to gather data about abstract phenomena from young children, as part of a larger study investigating the impact of discursive affordances in the first year of compulsory school in Western Australia. Methodological findings are reported from the application of Dialogic Drawing with 28 five-year-old children from diverse school-based semiotic landscapes in the Perth metropolitan area in Western Australia. Three strands of analysis are described and critiqued: drawn product, drawing process, and approach to drawing. Thematic analysis of drawn visual schema, dialog and embodied behaviours highlights the potential reach of Dialogic Drawing for interdisciplinary research significant to early childhood. The participating children revealed they perceive drawing as the child’s domain, endorsing Dialogic Drawing as a relevant and accessible method with capacity to gain untapped information significant to qualitative researchers seeking to elicit the authentic perspectives of children.
Resisting World Literature
Authors: Végső Roland 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article examines the historical tensions between the theoretical definitions of “world literature” and the institutionalization of world literature programs in the context of early Cold War literary criticism in the United States. It uses the works of René Wellek, Austin Warren, and Lionel Trilling to establish that this type of criticism resisted the rise of world literature based on the theoretical claim that world literature does not exist as a legitimate object of literary analysis. In its conclusion, the article turns to Gayatri Spivak’s critique of world literature to demonstrate that the resistance to world literature is part of the ongoing history of Weltliteratur well beyond the Cold War.
Hidden Journey from Australia to the Second World
Authors: Moore Nicole 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article concentrates a query as to the facility of current transnationalism in coming to grips with Cold War culture as a world phenomenon bound by both time and space. On the one hand we confront its forceful synchronicities, inspiring but also requiring aesthetic congruities across substantial, sometimes hitherto unrelated portions of the world, and, on the other, its calculated silencings and censorship, enforcing asynchrony and differentiated cultural production, readerships and aesthetic formations on polarised political ground. Exploring little-traced, transverse literary connections between postcolonial Australia and the metropolitan Second World, this paper foregrounds the dissident practices of mid-century poetry, centring the work of settler Australian communist poet Dorothy Hewett. Can such transverse valency help us displace the moribund bipolar model of the cultural Cold War, in favour of a more worldly poetics of disruption, able to speak to the as-yet unrealised utopic horizons that propelled the conflict?
The Cold War, Multilingualism, and the Epistemology of Participation in Primo Levi’s The Truce
Authors: Molnár Gábor Tamás 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on multilingualism and intercultural communication in Primo Levi’s autobiographical narrative The Truce (1963), in the framework of a non-universalist view of world literature and the concept of “significant geographies.” The interpretation aims to discover how the historical moment of pre-Cold War armistice is related to transnational movements, the experience of displacement, and intercultural or interlinguistic encounters. Reading several key scenes and passages, I claim that the narrator’s strategies convey a participatory anthropological approach to the understanding of foreignness, which is also evidenced by a subtle and multilayered irony. Some of Primo Levi’s other fiction and nonfiction is used to frame this discussion of The Truce.
Arabic in Hindustan: Comparative Poetics in the Eighteenth Century and Azad Bilgrami’s The Coral Rosary
Authors: Gupta Vivek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article examines the contributions of Ghulām ʿAlī “Āzād” Bilgrāmī (1704–1786) to our understanding of comparative poetics and Arabic in eighteenth-century Hindustan. It attends to Azad’s oeuvre through the lenses of translation, multilingualism, and literary science. Philological analysis reveals how Azad establishes analogues across these three literary languages that attest to the adaptive capacity of poetics. His sections on Hindi poetry in his Arabic work Subḥat al-marjān fī āthār Hindūstān (The Coral Rosary of Hindustan’s Traditions, 1763–64), and its later adaptation into Persian Ghizlān al-Hind (The Gazelles of India, 1764–65) anchor this study. The essay also establishes a Hindi inspiration for Azad’s Arabic poem Mir‘āt al-Jamāl (The Mirror of Beauty, 1773). By probing the intertextualities within and beyond Azad’s corpus, this study demonstrates how Arabic literary production in Hindustan benefits from a comparative method that accounts for a multilingual milieu. It thus considers the contributions of precolonial Hindi and Persian literatures to a reading of Arabic in Hindustan.
Islamic Revivalism and Millennial Movements in the 16th and 17th Centuries: The Case of Aḥmad Sirhindī (1564–1624 CE)
Authors: Malik Jamal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A wave of eschatological ideologies and movements emerged in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries across Europe and the Muslim world alike. With their messianic expectations and soteriological promises of deliverance from the apocalypse, they were sometimes introduced by rulers to legitimize and sustain their sovereignty, or conversely, by others as emancipative counter-ideologies to challenge the status quo. It is in such a context that the present paper revisits an example of the latter, the mystical thought of the highly influential and controversial figure of Aḥmad al-Fārūqī al-Sirhindī (1564–1624), the “Reformer of the Second Millenium.” By re-reading his Persian letters, maktūbāt, in the light of such a setting, I argue that his mysticism evinces a distinctively modern character, particularly by empowering the individual, the common believer. His is an historiographical project which seeks, at the turn of the second Islamic millennium, to correct a drastic decline that began immediately after the time of the Prophet Muḥammad. Sirhindī propounds a highly unconventional prophetology wherein it is possible for the common believer to strengthen the Prophet and indeed, even to partake in his prophetic mission. This mystic of Sirhind emphasizes God’s transcendence over His immanence, and the descent portion of the mystical journey over the ascent, that is, realizing man’s utter servanthood and returning to the world. In so doing, Sirhindī replaces otherworldly mystical piety with a mysticism that has considerable socio-political import, one in which the self- determined individual is endowed with substantial abilities and responsibilities. It is perhaps this self-empowering nature of Sirhindī’s message that, inter alia, facilitated the rapid spread of his teachings and that continues to preserve their relevance for and resonance among Muslims across the globe today.
Separazione tra stato e religione: le proposte di riforma di ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Kawākibī tra utopia e concretezza
Authors: De Angelis Francesco 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the ideas and opinions of the Syrian reformer ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Kawākibī, one of the pioneers of the Arab Renaissance in the 19th century, and one of the founders of Arab nationalist thought. He expressed his ideas and reformistic proposals in two books Umm al-qurā and Ṭabāʾiʿ al-istibdād wa maṣāriʿ al-istʿbād. Both al-Kawākibī’s works are very peculiar ones. In Umm al-qurā al-Kawākibī imagines a gathering of all Arab and Muslim political leaders trying to find solutions to solve social and political problems affecting the Umma. In Ṭabāʾiʿ al-istibdād al-Kawākibī not only shows how bad could be a despotic power, but he also tries to mobilize the entire society and its collective conscience, suggesting strategies and methods to get rid by the despot.
This article tries on one hand to highlight the realistic and concrete dimension of the Syrian intellectual’s proposals, and on the other hand to show the limits of those ideas through a detailed analysis of the above-mentioned books.
The Authority of icj Advisory Opinions as Precedents: The Mauritius/Maldives Case
Authors: Lanzoni Niccolò 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role played by precedents in international law is usually addressed with regard to their bearing on other judicial decisions and their contribution to the development of international law. Recently, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (“itlos”) has offered a novel interpretation of the legal effects of the International Court of Justice’s (“icj”) advisory opinions as precedents. In Mauritius/Maldives, the itlos rejected two of the Maldives’ preliminary objections – based on the existence of a dispute between Mauritius and the United Kingdom over the sovereignty of the Chagos Islands – , arguing that the 2019 icj advisory opinion on the separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius had resolved the dispute in favour of the latter. In light of the itlos’s decision, the present contribution is aimed to provide some reflections on the authority of icj advisory opinions as precedents and on their legal effects in international law.
A Role for Precedent in the Determination of the Standard of Review Applicable by Investment Arbitral Tribunals? A Case Study of ect-based Energy Disputes Against Spain
Authors: Zugliani Niccolò 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present article enquires whether arbitral “precedent” plays any part in the identification of the applicable standard of review by arbitral tribunals. It does so by surveying a selected sample of arbitral awards that displayed a remarkable degree of uniformity and that might have encouraged arbitral tribunals to resort to previous case law when applying a specific standard of review. This sample consists of regulatory disputes initiated against Spain for alleged violations of the fair and equitable standard provided by Article 10(1) of the Energy Charter Treaty. The article initially gives an account of the relevance of the standard of review doctrine and of the role of precedent in international investment arbitration. It then moves to investigate the possibility that previous case law has served as the legal basis for determining the appropriate standard of review in the regulatory disputes against Spain. Based on the analysis of the Spanish cases, the article finally elaborates on the role of precedent in the identification of the applicable standard of review in general terms.
Medically Assisted Procreation and Same-Sex Couples: The Italian Corte di Cassazione Stands its Ground
Authors: Maoli Francesca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This contribution examines a recent ruling of the Italian Corte di Cassazione, concerning the recognition of parentage resulting from medically assisted procreation (“map”) techniques performed abroad by female same-sex couples. In cases where the birth of the child occurs in Italy, the Italian birth certificate usually contains the indication of the woman who gave birth, but does not mention the intentional mother, even when the latter has a biological relationship with the child. The Corte di Cassazione has confirmed its consolidated position in denying the amendment of the birth certificate, on the basis of a rigorous interpretation of the limits provided by the Law No. 40/2004. The Italian law prohibits the access of map techniques by same-sex couples, because their condition cannot be equated to a pathological infertility. The ruling under review overlooks the human rights implications possibly deriving from the recognition of intentional motherhood: in rejecting the allegations concerning the infringment of the fundamental rights enshrined by the European Convention on Human Rights (“echr”), the court has stated that the gaps in protection that may result from the application of Italian law may only be solved through an intervention of the lawmaker.
Poachers, Smugglers, Polluters and Other Environmental Criminals.
Authors: La Manna Mariangela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The review examines a recent publication on the International and EU law regimes governing environmental criminality. Following the structure of the book, the review accounts for both regimes, first by examining the main multilateral environmental agreements (“mea s”) accounted for in the first part of the publication, i.e. the Cites, Basel, and Marpol Conventions, then moving onto the relevant pieces of legislation under EU law, i.e. the Environmental Crime Directive and the Pollution from Ships Directive, only to acknowledge, consistently with the authors of the publication under review, the need for clearer and more stringent criminal provisions, coupled with enhanced forms of international cooperation, involving States, agencies, and international organizations alike.
International Criminal Law: Bone of Contention or Interdisciplinary Cooperation Opportunity?
Authors: La Manna Mariangela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The book review tackles Judge Aitala’s recently published International Criminal Law textbook and addresses its main features both against the background of existing textbooks and in light of the different conceptual and methodological toolkits used by international lawyers, on the one hand, and criminal lawyers, on the other, in their daily activities. It its purported that the two different groups should not think of icl as a bone of contention, but as an opportunity to cooperate and put to good use their respective knowledge and competence, instead.
Covenants and Craftsmanship in Gabriel’s World
Authors: Saillant John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This essay provides the theological background and the religious material culture context of Gabriel’s rebellion, Richmond, Virginia, 1800. Gabriel and some of his conspirators attended a covenanted Baptist church in Richmond. They adapted the idea of a covenant for a document in which they pledged with their signs or signatures, as enslaved men, to rise against their masters. They also engaged in theologically-inspired discourse about the sacred purpose of the material weapons they would use in their uprising. Additionally, scholars can today see meanings in other elements of their social world, such as food and alcohol. Alcohol consumption became a focus of the conspirators’ trial and one of the enslaved witnesses came to see sacred significance in it because he almost certainly understood that if he testified to exonerate his companions from suspicion of drunkenness he could save their lives.
Hoku—A Multispectral Software Tool to Recover Erased Writing on Palimpsests
Authors: Knox Keith T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An image processing software package called Hoku is available to the public, free-of-charge, for use in recovering erased text from multispectral images of palimpsests. This software was developed by the author for his own use in recovering text, but has been built with an intuitive user interface that makes it suitable for non-technical users. It is written in Java and runs on both Windows and macOS computers. In this article, examples will be given of Hoku image processing results on data sets from three imaging systems—MegaVision, Phase One, and Lumiere Technology.
History of Palimpsest Photography in the Vatican Library
Authors: Altamura Irene , Angelini Emanuele , Massino Roberta , Schuler Irmgard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the nearly 200-year history of reproduction and imaging of the famous correspondence of Fronto, transmitted in a palimpsest from the Abbey of Bobbio the pages of which are now kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana (Milan) and in the Vatican Library. In addition to the general difficulty in accessing an undertext, these pages present different problems that compromise the reading of Fronto. The application of chemical reagents and gelatin has left organic and inorganic material on the parchment. Together with the effects of humidity and changes in temperature, these make photographic recovery a special challenge. The ways and means for creating and processing reproductions and images of this palimpsest text, from the time of Angelo Mai to modern photography and digital images, will be illustrated.
Clinical Demographics of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Gender-Specific Analysis
Authors: Matsushima Kazuhide , Ciesielski Katharine M. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Matsuo Koji 
Published: December 2022

Given the evolving clinical demographics and both surgical and perioperative management strategies related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LAP-CHOL), continued monitoring of patient characteristics undergoing this procedure is of value. In an analysis of 2 345 246 patients who underwent LAP-CHOL identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample from 1/2016-12/2019 (female n = 1 722 420 [73.4%] and male n = 622 827 [26.6%]), female patients were more likely to be younger and obese but less likely to be smoker and have medical comorbidity compared to male patients. Moreover, female patients were more likely to have a diagnosis of cholelithiasis but less likely to have a diagnosis of cholecystitis compared to male patients. This was particularly robust in younger age. In conclusion, this contemporary national-level analysis suggested that there are distinct differences in the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing LAP-CHOL according to gender. Awareness and reconciliation of these gender-specific differences would be important in clinical practice.