bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A precipitation downscaling method using a super-resolution deconvolution neural network with step orography
Authors: Reddy P. Jyoteeshkumar , Matear Richard , Taylor John , Thatcher Marcus , Grose Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Coarse spatial resolution in gridded precipitation datasets, reanalysis, and climate model outputs restricts their ability to characterize the localized extreme rain events and limits the use of the coarse resolution information for local to regional scale climate management strategies. Deep learning models have recently been developed to rapidly downscale the coarse resolution precipitation to the high local scale resolution at a much lower cost than dynamic downscaling. However, these existing super-resolution deep learning modeling studies have not rigorously evaluated the model’s skill in producing fine-scale spatial variability, particularly over topographic features. These current deep-learning models also have difficulty predicting the complex spatial structure of extreme events. Here, we develop a model based on super-resolution deconvolution neural network (SRDN) to downscale the hourly precipitation and evaluate the predictions. We apply three versions of the SRDN model: (a) SRDN (no orography), (b) SRDN-O (orography only at final resolution enhancement), and (c) SRDN-SO (orography at each step of resolution enhancement). We assess the ability of SRDN-based models to reproduce the fine-scale spatial variability and compare it with the previously used deep learning model (DeepSD). All the models are trained and tested using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) data to perform a 100 to 12.5 km of hourly precipitation downscaling over the Australian region. We found that SRDN-based models, including orography, deliver better fine-scale spatial structures of both climatology and extremes, and significantly improved the deep-learning downscaling. The SRDN-SO model performs well both qualitatively and quantitatively in reconstructing the fine-scale spatial variability of climatology and rainfall extremes over complex orographic regions.
Accelerated protons with energies up to 70 MeV based on the optimized SG-II Peta-watt laser facility
Authors: An H. H. , Wang W. , Xiong J. , Wang C. , Pan X. , Ouyang X. P. , Jiang S. , Xie Z. Y. , Wang P. P. , Yao Y. L. , Hua N. , Wang Y. , Jiang Z. C. , Xiao Q. , Ding F. C. , Wan Y. T. , Liu X. , Wang R. R. , Fang Z. H. , Yang P. Q. , Jiang Y. E. , Zhang P. Z. , Zhu B. Q. , Sun J. R. , Qiao B. , Lei A. L. , Zhu J. Q. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The target backsheath field acceleration mechanism is one of the main mechanisms of laser-driven proton acceleration (LDPA) and strongly depends on the comprehensive performance of the ultrashort ultra-intense lasers used as the driving sources. The successful use of the SG-II Peta-watt (SG-II PW) laser facility for LDPA and its applications in radiographic diagnoses have been manifested by the good performance of the SG-II PW facility. Recently, the SG-II PW laser facility has undergone extensive maintenance and a comprehensive technical upgrade in terms of the seed source, laser contrast and terminal focus. LDPA experiments were performed using the maintained SG-II PW laser beam, and the highest cutoff energy of the proton beam was obviously increased. Accordingly, a double-film target structure was used, and the maximum cutoff energy of the proton beam was up to 70 MeV. These results demonstrate that the comprehensive performance of the SG-II PW laser facility was improved significantly.
A few or several? Construal, quantity, and argumentativity
Authors: Katzir Nicole , Ariel Mira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines two seemingly similar quantifiers, a few and several, and argues that the differences between them go beyond the (slightly) different quantities they each denote. Specifically, we argue that several construes its nominal complement as composed of individuated entities, which renders them more prominent, and thus a stronger basis in support of a conclusion the speaker is arguing for. We base our analysis on two experiments and a corpus study. The experiments show that there is indeed an argumentative difference between the quantifiers, and the corpus study points to the discourse factors behind it. In comparison with a few, several is associated with a higher discourse prominence for its complement (greater individuation, significance) and with greater argumentative strength. Based on this data, we characterize the quantifiers’ prototypical discourse profiles. A typical instance of several occurs in persuasive genres, refers to a not-so-small quantity, construes the plural entity as composed of individuated entities, and contributes to a strong argument. A typical instance of a few occurs in non-persuasive genres, denotes a small quantity, construes the entities composing the plural entity as un-individuated, and contributes to a weak or neutral argument.
Does fruit and vegetable consumption impact mental health? Systematic review and meta-analyses of published controlled intervention studies
Authors: Appleton Katherine M. , Boxall Lucy R. , Adenuga-Ajayi Olabimpe , Seyar Dilara F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAssociations between fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and mental health are suggested, largely from observational studies. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarise all published controlled intervention studies investigating the effects of FV consumption on mental health in adults. Four academic databases (Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched on 16 September 2022, over all years, for studies that used an intervention design; included FV consumption; included an appropriate non-FV-consumption control; used a validated measure of mental health and were conducted in healthy adults or adults with solely a depressive or anxiety-related condition. Study details were tabulated and combined using meta-analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using the domains of the Cochrane Collaboration. Six studies, enrolling 691 healthy adults and reporting on one or more mental health outcomes, were found. Meta-analyses found small and imprecise effects of FV consumption for: psychological well-being (4 studies, 289 participants) standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0·07 (95 % CI −0·17, 0·30), P = 0·58, I2 = 0 %; depressive symptomology (3 studies, 271 participants) SMD = –0·15 (95 % CI −0·40, 0·10), P = 0·23, I2 = 47 % and anxiety-related symptomology (4 studies, 298 participants) SMD = –0·15 (95 % CI −0·39, 0·08), P = 0·20, I2 = 71 %. Some benefit for psychological well-being was found in change-from-baseline data: SMD = 0·28 (95 % CI 0·05, 0·52), P = 0·02, I2 = 0 %. Risk of bias was high in many studies. Limitations include the consideration only of published studies and stem from the studies found. Given the few, limited studies available and the small size of effects, stronger evidence is needed before recommending FV consumption for mental health.
Runes and Rye: Administration in Denmark and the Emergence of the Younger Futhark, 500–800
Authors: Cole Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, I take up the case of runic writing to reflect upon James Scott’s view of the nexus between writing and various forms of domination in early states, especially the use of literacy for taxation in cereal-growing societies. Scott’s theses provide interesting matter “to think with,” even when his grasp of historical detail has been found wanting. It is not controversial to grant Scott that cuneiform writing was a remarkable tool for statecraft, and exploitation, in the first states of Mesopotamia, around 3500 BC. The same is true of writing in other early states. But in the first states of Scandinavia, particularly Denmark ca. AD 500–800, writing had a more troubled relationship with the state. No evidence survives that runic writing was used to administer taxation or much else, as it was in other agrarian civilisations. It is true that the runic script was used to commemorate kings, most famously by Haraldr Blátǫnn (r. ca. 958–ca. 986.). But, statistically speaking, it was more often used to aggrandize the sort of local big men who usually resisted centralized power. In this article, I survey the relationship between runic writing and administration. I consider what the Danish situation suggests about the relationship between states and writing and offer a tentative hypothesis of a short-lived attempt at runic bureaucracy around 800, which created—and quickly lost control of—a shortened variety of the runic script (the Younger Futhark).
A Delayed Revenge: “Yellow Journalism” and the Long Quest for Cuba, 1851–1898
Authors: Burge Daniel J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHistorians have long been intrigued by the role that the press played in McKinley’s decision to intervene in Cuba in 1898. Most, however, have focused their attention on the decade of the 1890s, ignoring the long history of interventionism aimed at Cuba. This essay uses the story of William L. Crittenden to explore the many instances where interventionists tried (and failed) to drum up support for Cuban intervention. Crittenden was executed by the Spanish in 1851 after a failed filibuster raid. Over the next four decades, interventionists wrote newspaper accounts, held boisterous public meetings, penned poems, and published novels that demanded revenge upon Spain. Yet Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, Ulysses Grant, and Grover Cleveland did not choose to intervene. By focusing on nearly five decades as opposed to a single year, this essay calls into question the idea that the press reflected public opinion and challenges the larger assertion that the “Yellow Press” propelled the United States into a war with Spain. Whether they shouted “Remember the Maine,” “Remember the Virginius,” or “Remember Crittenden,” writers, editors, poets, and journalists simply did not have the power to control public opinion and certainly did not prove to be successful at manipulating presidents to intervene.
International Arbitration and the Roots of Women’s Foreign Policy Activism
Authors: Threlkeld Megan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAt first glance, international arbitration—a legalistic method for the peaceful settlement of disputes among nations—may seem like a topic belonging only to the formal, male-dominated realms of diplomacy and international law. Most men in the late nineteenth century certainly thought so, and many historians since have treated it as such. But prominent women like May Wright Sewall and Belva Lockwood, and mass organizations like the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, took a lively interest in the subject in the 1890s. In that interest lay the roots of women’s foreign policy activism that led to their participation in debates over the War of 1898 and their peace efforts during and after World War I. International arbitration appealed to women because it complemented their better-known campaigns for temperance, suffrage, and other causes. As a more “civilized” method of resolving conflicts, arbitration was both a symbol of and a prerequisite for a more advanced, temperate, and equal society. It thus became a key component of women’s arguments for inclusion in the public and political life of the nation.
Sound Citizenship: Hearing and Speech Disabilities in World War I
Authors: Sullivan Evan P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article discusses speech and hearing disabled Americans’ claims to citizenship during World War I, and the ways American policymakers sought to rehabilitate American soldiers treated in the U.S. Army Section of Defects of Hearing and Speech—or those classified after the Section’s closure as deaf, hard-of-hearing, or “speech defective.” Ultimately, I argue that one’s aural communication abilities were indicators of worthiness in American society and that this was especially the case during World War I, when tensions about speech and hearing heightened within and outside of the Deaf community due to significant pressures placed on Americans to show support for the war. Such pressures also shaped the experiences of American soldiers treated for speech and hearing disabilities after 1918, by suggesting that their service to the United States could not be complete until they were successfully rehabilitated through lip-reading training. To be able to aurally communicate signified the veterans’ sound citizenship in a literal and a metaphorical sense.
RELEVANT CONSEQUENCE RELATIONS: AN INVITATION
Authors: BADIA GUILLERMO , BĚHOUNEK LIBOR , CINTULA PETR , TEDDER ANDREW 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe generalize the notion of consequence relation standard in abstract treatments of logic to accommodate intuitions of relevance. The guiding idea follows the use criterion, according to which in order for some premises to have some conclusion(s) as consequence(s), the premises must each be used in some way to obtain the conclusion(s). This relevance intuition turns out to require not just a failure of monotonicity, but also a move to considering consequence relations as obtaining between multisets. We motivate and state basic definitions of relevant consequence relations, both in single conclusion (asymmetric) and multiple conclusion (symmetric) settings, as well as derivations and theories, guided by the use intuitions, and prove a number of results indicating that the definitions capture the desired results (at least in many cases).
Visions of deliverance: Social scientization, functionalism, and the expansive purposiveness of state schooling in nineteenth-century British parliamentary politics
Authors: Smith Daniel Scott 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarly in the nineteenth century, members in the UK Parliament (MPs) hardly ever debated education. When they did, it was nearly always in the context of aid for the religious instruction of the poor. Indeed, even by 1850, nearly two decades after the first Great Reform Act (1832), the Prime Minister Lord John Russell made the case that a system of compulsory state schooling would be immoral and un-British. Yet, by the ‘80s, MPs debating in Westminster routinely drew connections between schooling and the most critical social issues of the day: social-class mobility and equity, child welfare, national development, emigration, and the civil service, among others. What explains the expanding, and expansive, political uses that elite policymakers put to schooling? How did schooling and education take on such an aggrandized role in society for British statesmen? To address these questions, this paper combines natural language processing techniques, semantic network, discourse, and regression analyses to read and interpret the ∼1.1 million political speeches given in the UK Houses of Parliament during the long nineteenth century (1804–1913). In contrast to explanations emphasizing the direct role that economic, social, and political development as well as conflict played in the UK state’s historic expansion, this piece demonstrates how social scientization, the sweeping international epistemic movement that institutionalized and diffused functionalist social theory, created the context that made it possible for political elites to see and promote schooling as an effective policy instrument of greater cultural rationalization supporting the development of capitalist industrial society.
Dual Wave Energy Sources for the Atlantic Niño Events Identified by Wave Energy Flux in Case Studies
Authors: Song Qingyang , Tang Youmin , Aiki Hidenori 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe evolution of equatorial sea surface temperature anomalies during Atlantic Niño events has demonstrated its diversity in both intensity and timing. To investigate the mechanism responsible for this diversity, this study focuses on ocean responses to atmospheric forcing, manipulating the wind forcing in both equatorial and off‐equatorial regions to excite linear ocean models for three types of events that occurred in 1999, 2019, and 2021 respectively. The results reveal the dual wave energy sources for the equatorial Kelvin waves (KWs): one is the local wind forcing in the western tropical basin; the other is the reflection due to the off‐equatorial Rossby waves in the western boundary. The reflected KWs can precondition the events when wind‐forced KWs insufficiently displace the thermocline (e.g., the boreal winter of 2019 and 2021). The participation of off‐equatorial wave energy hence leads to the diversity of the Atlantic Niños.
Understanding the Mechanisms for Tropical Surface Impacts of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO)
Authors: García‐Franco Jorge L. , Gray Lesley J. , Osprey Scott , Jaison Aleena M. , Chadwick Robin , Lin Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe impact of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) on tropical convection and precipitation is investigated through nudging experiments using the UK Met Office Hadley Center Unified Model. The model control simulations show robust links between the internally generated QBO and tropical precipitation and circulation. The model zonal wind in the tropical stratosphere was nudged above 90 hPa in atmosphere‐only and coupled ocean‐atmosphere configurations. The convection and precipitation in the atmosphere‐only simulations do not differ between the experiments with and without nudging, which may indicate that SST‐convection coupling is needed for any QBO influence on the tropical lower troposphere and surface. In the coupled experiments, the precipitation and sea‐surface temperature relationships with the QBO phase disappear when nudging is applied. Imposing a realistic QBO‐driven static stability anomaly in the upper‐troposphere lower‐stratosphere is not sufficient to simulate tropical surface impacts. The nudging reduced the influence of the lower troposphere on the upper branch of the Walker circulation, irrespective of the QBO, indicating that the upper tropospheric zonal circulation has been decoupled from the surface by the nudging. These results suggest that grid‐point nudging mutes relevant feedback processes occurring at the tropopause level, including high cloud radiative effects and wave mean flow interactions, which may play a key role in stratospheric‐tropospheric coupling.
Computational textural mapping harmonises sampling variation and reveals multidimensional histopathological fingerprints
Authors: Brummer Otso , Pölönen Petri , Mustjoki Satu , Brück Oscar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Technical factors can bias H&E digital slides potentially compromising computational histopathology studies. Here, we hypothesised that sample quality and sampling variation can introduce even greater and undocumented technical fallacy.

Methods
Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) as a model disease, we annotated ~78,000 image tiles and trained deep learning models to detect histological textures and lymphocyte infiltration at the tumour core and its surrounding margin and correlated these with clinical, immunological, genomic, and transcriptomic profiles.

Results
The models reached 95% validation accuracy for classifying textures and 95% for lymphocyte infiltration enabling reliable profiling of ccRCC samples. We validated the lymphocyte-per-texture distributions in the Helsinki dataset (n = 64). Texture analysis indicated constitutive sampling bias by TCGA clinical centres and technically suboptimal samples. We demonstrate how computational texture mapping (CTM) can abrogate these issues by normalising textural variance. CTM-harmonised histopathological architecture resonated with both expected associations and novel molecular fingerprints. For instance, tumour fibrosis associated with histological grade, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, low mutation burden and metastasis.

Conclusions
This study highlights texture-based standardisation to resolve technical bias in computational histopathology and understand the molecular basis of tissue architecture. All code, data and models are released as a community resource.
CAR T cells as micropharmacies against solid cancers: Combining effector T-cell mediated cell death with vascular targeting in a one-step engineering process
Authors: Altvater Bianca , Kailayangiri Sareetha , Spurny Christian , Flügge Maike , Meltzer Jutta , Greune Lea , Urban Katja , Schwöppe Christian , Brand Caroline , Schliemann Christoph , Hintelmann Heike , Harrach Saliha , Hartmann Wolfgang , Abken Hinrich , Kuehle Johannes , Schambach Axel , Görlich Dennis , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Rossig Claudia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo enhance the potency of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells in solid cancers, we designed a novel cell-based combination strategy with an additional therapeutic mode of action. CAR T cells are used as micropharmacies to produce a targeted pro-coagulatory fusion protein, truncated tissue factor (tTF)-NGR, which exerts pro-coagulatory activity and hypoxia upon relocalization to the vascular endothelial cells that invade tumor tissues. Delivery by CAR T cells aimed to induce locoregional tumor vascular infarction for combined immune-mediated and hypoxic tumor cell death. Human T cells that were one-vector gene-modified to express a GD2-specific CAR along with CAR-inducible tTF-NGR exerted potent GD2-specific effector functions while secreting tTF-NGR that activates the extrinsic coagulation pathway in a strictly GD2-dependent manner. In murine models, the CAR T cells infiltrated GD2-positive tumor xenografts, secreted tTF-NGR into the tumor microenvironment and showed a trend towards superior therapeutic activity compared with control cells producing functionally inactive tTF-NGR. In vitro evidence supports a mechanism of hypoxia-mediated enhancement of T cell cytolytic activity. We conclude that combined CAR T cell targeting with an additional mechanism of antitumor action in a one-vector engineering strategy is a promising approach to be further developed for targeted treatment of solid cancers.
AAV9-Tspyl2 gene therapy retards bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by modulating downstream TGF-β signaling in mice
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Tong Xiang , Liu Sitong , Huang Jizhen , Zhang Li , Zhang Tianli , Wang Dongguang , Fan Hong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating fibrotic lung disease characterized by scarring and destruction of the lung architecture, with limited treatment options. Targeted gene therapy to restore cell division autoantigen-1 (CDA1) expression may be a potential treatment approach to delay the progression of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Here, we focused on CDA1, which was significantly decreased in human IPF, in a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF, and in transforming growth factor (TGF-β)-challenged lung fibroblasts. In vitro, CDA1 overexpression by lentivirus infection in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HFL1 cells) inhibited the production of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines, lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, and extracellular matrix protein expression induced by exogenous TGF‐β1 treatment, whereas CDA1 knockdown with small interfering RNA promoted this effect. CDA1 overexpression also inhibited cell proliferation and migration. In a mouse model of BLM-induced PF, we provided novel evidence that the intratracheal delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 carrying the mouse Tspyl2 gene reduced lung tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanistically, CDA1, as a transcription regulator, could repress the TGF-β signal transduction in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our results show that Tspyl2 gene therapy plays an antifibrotic role by inhibiting the lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and downstream TGF-β/Smad3 signaling transduction in BLM-induced PF in mice, suggesting that CDA1 is an appropriate and promising therapeutic target for PF.