bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring training needs of newly graduated medical doctors to inform the undergraduate simulation-based curriculum: a national Delphi consensus study
Authors: Breindahl Niklas , Khan Farsana , Skipper Mads , Nielsen Anders Bo , Friis Mikkel Lønborg , Paltved Charlotte , Jensen Rune Dall , Kurtzhals Jørgen A L , Konge Lars , Nayahangan Leizl Joy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeMastering technical procedures is a key component in succeeding as a newly graduated medical doctor and is of critical importance to ensure patient safety. The efficacy of simulation-based education has been demonstrated but medical schools have different requirements for undergraduate curricula. We aimed to identify and prioritize the technical procedures needed by newly graduated medical doctors.MethodsWe conducted a national needs assessment survey using the Delphi technique to gather consensus from key opinion leaders in the field. In the first round, a brainstorm was conducted to identify all potential technical procedures. In the second round, respondents rated the need for simulation-based training of each procedure using the Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation Needs Assessment Formula (CAMES-NAF). The third round was a final elimination and prioritization of the procedures.ResultsIn total, 107 experts from 21 specialties answered the first round: 123 unique technical procedures were suggested. Response rates were 58% and 64% in the second and the third round, respectively. In the third round, 104 procedures were eliminated based on the consensus criterion, and the remaining 19 procedures were included and prioritized. The top five procedures were: (i) insert peripheral intravenous catheter, (ii) put on personal protection equipment, (iii) perform basic airway maneuvers, (iv) perform basic life support, and (v) perform radial artery puncture.ConclusionBased on the Delphi process a final list of 19 technical procedures reached expert consensus to be included in the undergraduate curriculum for simulation-based education.
Sustained clinical knowledge improvements from simulation experiences with Simulation via Instant Messaging—Birmingham Advance
Authors: Zhou Dengyi , Davitadze Meri , Ooi Emma , Ng Cai Ying , Allison Isabel , Thomas Lucretia , Hanania Thia , Blaggan Parisha , Evans Nia , Chen Wentin , Melson Eka , Boelaert Kristien , Karavitaki Niki , Kempegowda Punith ,   on behalf of SIMBA and CoMICs team
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSimulation via Instant Messaging—Birmingham Advance (SIMBA) delivers simulation-based learning through WhatsApp and Zoom, helping to sustain continuing medical education (CME) for postgraduate healthcare professionals otherwise disrupted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess whether SIMBA helped to improve clinical knowledge and if this improvement in knowledge was sustained over time.MethodsTwo SIMBA sessions—thyroid and pituitary—were conducted in July–August 2020. Each session included simulation of various real-life cases and interactive discussion. Participants’ self-reported confidence, acceptance, and knowledge were measured using surveys and multiple-choice questions pre- and post-simulation and in a 6- to 12-week follow-up period. The evaluation surveys were designed using Moore’s 7 Levels of CME Outcomes Framework.ResultsA total of 116 participants were included in the analysis. Significant improvement was observed in participants’ self-reported confidence in approach to simulated cases (thyroid, n = 37, P &lt; .0001; pituitary, n = 79, P &lt; .0001). Significant improvement in clinical knowledge was observed following simulation (thyroid, n = 37, P &lt; .0001; pituitary, n = 79, P &lt; .0001). For both sessions, retention of confidence and knowledge was seen at 6–12 weeks’ follow-up.ConclusionsSIMBA increased participants’ clinical knowledge on simulated cases and this improvement was retained up to 6–12 weeks after the session. Further studies are required to explore long-term retention and whether it translates to improved real-world clinical practice.
Learning from Shared News: When Abundant Information Leads to Belief Polarization
Authors: Bowen T Renee , Dmitriev Danil , Galperti Simone 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study learning via shared news. Each period agents receive the same quantity and quality of firsthand information and can share it with friends. Some friends (possibly few) share selectively, generating heterogeneous news diets across agents. Agents are aware of selective sharing and update beliefs by Bayes’s rule. Contrary to standard learning results, we show that beliefs can diverge in this environment, leading to polarization. This requires that (i) agents hold misperceptions (even minor) about friends’ sharing and (ii) information quality is sufficiently low. Polarization can worsen when agents’ friend networks expand. When the quantity of firsthand information becomes large, agents can hold opposite extreme beliefs, resulting in severe polarization. We find that news aggregators can curb polarization caused by news sharing. Our results hold without media bias or fake news, so eliminating these is not sufficient to reduce polarization. When fake news is included, it can lead to polarization but only through misperceived selective sharing. We apply our theory to shed light on the polarization of public opinion about climate change in the United States.
Identification of novel Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs)-associated functional mutations and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Li S , Li H , Liu D , Xing Q , Chen X , Zhang H , Wen J , Zhu H , Liang D , Li Z , Wu L 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Background
Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs) are a newly identified group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and multiple congenital anomalies caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the epigenetic machinery. Many studies have shown that MDEM-associated mutations may disrupt the balance of chromatin states and trigger dysplasia.

Aim
To help eight Chinese families with NDDs acquire a definitive diagnosis.

Methods
In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing to diagnose eight unrelated Chinese families with NDDs. We also verified the potential pathogenic variants by Sanger sequencing and analyzed the changes in gene expression along with histone methylation modifications.

Results
Eight variants of six epigenetic machinery genes were identified, six of which were novel. Six variants were pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP), while two novel missense variants (c.5113T&gt;C in CHD1 and c.10444C&gt;T in KMT2D) were classified to be variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Further functional studies verified that c.5113T&gt;C in CHD1 results in decreased protein levels and increased chromatin modifications (H3K27me3). In addition, c.10444C&gt;T in KMT2D led to a significant decrease in mRNA transcription and chromatin modifications (H3K4me1). Based on experimental evidence, these two VUS variants could be classified as LP.

Conclusion
This study provided a definitive diagnosis of eight families with NDDs and expanded the mutation spectrum of MDEMs, enriching the pathogenesis study of variants in epigenetic machinery genes.
Epigenetic changes in inflammatory arthritis monocytes contribute to disease and can be targeted by JAK inhibition
Authors: Peeters Janneke G C , Boltjes Arjan , Scholman Rianne C , Vervoort Stephin J , Coffer Paul J , Mokry Michal , Vastert Sebastiaan J , van Wijk Femke , van Loosdregt Jorg 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
How the local inflammatory environment regulates epigenetic changes in the context of inflammatory arthritis remains unclear. Here we assessed the transcriptional and active enhancer profile of monocytes derived from the inflamed joints of JIA patients, a model well-suited for studying inflammatory arthritis.

Methods
RNA sequencing and H3K27me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) were used to analyse the transcriptional and epigenetic profile, respectively, of JIA synovial fluid-derived monocytes.

Results
Synovial-derived monocytes display an activated phenotype, which is regulated on the epigenetic level. IFN signalling-associated genes are increased and epigenetically altered in synovial monocytes, indicating a driving role for IFN in establishing the local inflammatory phenotype. Treatment of synovial monocytes with the Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitor ruxolitinib, which inhibits IFN signalling, transformed the activated enhancer landscape and reduced disease-associated gene expression, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory phenotype.

Conclusion
This study provides novel insights into epigenetic regulation of inflammatory arthritis patient-derived monocytes and highlights the therapeutic potential of epigenetic modulation for the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
COMPARISON OF THE 64- AND 80-DETECTOR ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AMONG THE CT NUMBER AND RADIATION DOSE DURING LOWER EXTREMITY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Moriwake Ryo , Masuda Takanori , Yamamoto Akira , Ikenaga Hiroyuki , Yoshida Koji , Takei Yasutaka , Yao Daiki , Ono Atsushi , Hiratsuka Junichi , Tamada Tsutomu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo compare the computed tomography (CT) number and the radiation dose between the 64 (group A) and 80-detector row (group B) during lower extremity computed tomography angiography (LE-CTA). We enrolled 144 patients underwent LE-CTA and compared the CT number for the popliteal arteries, radiation dose and the rate of the optimal CT number during the LE-CTA exceeding 200 HU between the two groups. The CT number for the popliteal arteries and mean dose-length product was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P &lt; 0.01). The rate of the optimal CT number for the popliteal arteries was 23.6% with Group B scanner and 56.9% with Group A (P &lt; 0.05). The 64-detector row CT was significantly higher in the CT number for the popliteal arteries, radiation dose and rate of the optimal CT number during the LE-CTA than the 80-detector row. Depiction ability did not improve by using a high CT scanner with a wider detector during LE-CTA.
Wnt/BMP Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Preserves Multipotency of Neural Crest-Like Stem Cells
Authors: Mehrotra Pihu , Ikhapoh Izuagie , Lei Pedro , Tseropoulos Georgios , Zhang Yali , Wang Jianmin , Liu Song , Bronner Marianne E , Andreadis Stelios T 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNeural crest-like stem cells resembling embryonic neural crest cells (NCs) can be derived from adult human tissues such as the epidermis. However, these cells lose their multipotency rapidly in culture limiting their expansion for clinical use. Here, we show that the multipotency of keratinocyte-derived NCs (KC-NCs) can be preserved by activating the Wnt and BMP signaling axis, promoting expression of key NC-specifier genes and ultimately enhancing their differentiation potential. We also show that transcriptional changes leading to multipotency are linked to metabolic reprogramming of KC-NCs to a highly glycolytic state. Specifically, KC-NCs treated with CHIR and BMP2 rely almost exclusively on glycolysis for their energy needs, as seen by increased lactate production, glucose uptake, and glycolytic enzyme activities. This was accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization and decreased mitochondrial ATP production. Interestingly, the glycolytic end-product lactate stabilized β-catenin and further augmented NC-gene expression. Taken together, our study shows that activation of the Wnt/BMP signaling coordinates the metabolic demands of neural crest-like stem cells governing decisions regarding multipotency and differentiation, with possible implications for regenerative medicine.
Early newborn bathing and associated factors among mothers in Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Gebru , Ibrahim Ibrahim Mohammed , Mulugeta Yisahak , Ahmed Kedir Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Delaying newborn bathing for 24 h after childbirth protects the baby from hypothermia, infection and hypoglycaemia and provides an opportunity for mother–baby emotional bonding. However, no previously published study has investigated the early newborn bathing practices of pastoral mothers in Ethiopia. This study aims to investigate early newborn bathing and associated factors among mothers in Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 386 mothers, and the data collection was performed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to examine the association between explanatory variables (including sociodemographic, obstetric, health service and health literacy factors) and early newborn bathing.

Results
The overall prevalence of early newborn bathing among postpartum mothers was 73.1% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from 68.4 to 77.5%. Mothers who attained college or higher education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.21; 95% CI 0.06–0.66], those who were from urban areas (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI 0.09–0.42) and those who gave birth using operational delivery (e.g. caesarean section and instrumental delivery) (AOR = 0.01; 95% CI 0.01–0.04) were less likely to practice early newborn bathing.

Conclusion
The practice of early newborn bathing was unacceptably high in pastoral communities of the Afar Region. There is a need for interventions specifically targeting at uneducated and rural mothers as part of the implementation to improve the essential newborn care practices of mothers in pastoral communities in Ethiopia.
Geographically targeted chronic infection screening: lessons from a hepatitis B pilot study in the UK
Authors: O'Ferrall Angus M , MacElhinney-West Alison , Bell Mark S , Haslam Michael P , Walker Gemma , Norton Donna , Burns Sean A , Ferrier Graham , Easom Nicholas J W 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) most commonly occurs following infection in early childhood. Prevalence varies markedly around the globe. Country of birth is therefore a strong predictor of CHB risk in adults. We used country of birth census data to predict CHB risk and carry out geographically targeted screening in East Yorkshire, UK. Despite engaging individuals born in high-prevalence countries with testing, we observed lower than expected prevalence in targeted highest-risk areas, which may indicate barriers to testing for people with undiagnosed CHB. Improved strategies for engagement with high-risk groups will be key for viral hepatitis elimination.
Openness and Computational Reproducibility in Plant Pathology: Where We Stand and a Way Forward
Authors: Sparks Adam H. , Ponte Emerson M. Del , Alves Kaique S. , Foster Zachary S. L. , Grünwald Niklaus J. 
Published: January 2023

Open research practices have been highlighted extensively during the last 10 years in many fields of scientific study as essential standards needed to promote transparency and reproducibility of scientific results. Scientific claims can only be evaluated based on how protocols, materials, equipment, and methods were described; data were collected and prepared; and analyses were conducted. Openly sharing protocols, data, and computational code is central to current scholarly dissemination and communication, but in many fields, including plant pathology, adoption of these practices has been slow. We randomly selected 450 articles published from 2012 to 2021 across 21 journals representative of the plant pathology discipline and assigned them scores reflecting their openness and computational reproducibility. We found that most of the articles did not follow protocols for open science and failed to share data or code in a reproducible way. We propose that use of open-source tools facilitates computationally reproducible work and analyses, benefitting not just readers but the authors as well. Finally, we provide ideas and suggest tools to promote open, reproducible computational research practices among plant pathologists. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
SP1 impacts the primordial to primary follicle transition by regulating cholesterol metabolism in granulosa cells
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Lin Lin , Cai Han , Liu Longping , Wang Huarong , Zhang Jingwen , Xia Guoliang , Wang Jianbin , Wang Fengchao , Wang Chao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe primordial to primary follicle transition (PPT) in the ovary is critical to maintain sustainable reproductive resources in female mammals. However, it is unclear how granulosa cells (GCs) of the primary follicle participate in regulating PPT. This study focused on exploring the role of transcription factor Sp1 (SP1) in regulating PPT based on the fact that SP1 is pivotal for pregranulosa cell proliferation before primordial follicle formation. The results showed that mice fertility was prolonged when Sp1 was specifically depleted from GCs (GC‐ Sp1 −/−). Besides, the PPT in GC‐ Sp1 −/− mice was reduced, resulting in more primordial follicles being preserved. Single‐cell RNA‐seq also indicated that the level of cholesterol metabolism was downregulated in GC‐ Sp1 −/− mice. Additionally, the PPT was promoted by either overexpression of ferredoxin‐1 (FDX1), one of the key genes in mediating cholesterol metabolism or supplementing cholesterol for cultured fetal ovaries. Collectively, SP1 in GCs participates in the metabolism of cholesterol partially by regulating the transcription of Fdx1 during the PPT.
Fatty acid oxidation fuels agonist‐induced platelet activation and thrombus formation: Targeting β‐oxidation of fatty acids as an effective anti‐platelet strategy
Authors: Kulkarni Paresh P. , Ekhlak Mohammad , Singh Vipin , Kailashiya Vikas , Singh Nitesh , Dash Debabrata 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlatelet mitochondria possess remarkable plasticity for oxidation of energy substrates, where metabolic dependency on glucose or fatty acids is higher than glutamine. Since platelets metabolize nearly the entire pool of glucose to lactate rather than fluxing through mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, we posit that majority of mitochondrial ATP, which is essential for platelet granule secretion and thrombus formation, is sourced from oxidation of fatty acids. We performed a comprehensive analysis of bioenergetics and function of stimulated platelets in the presence of etomoxir, trimetazidine and oxfenicine, three pharmacologically distinct inhibitors of β‐oxidation. Each of them significantly impaired oxidative phosphorylation in unstimulated as well as thrombin‐stimulated platelets leading to a small but consistent drop in ATP level in activated cells due to a lack of compensation from glycolytic ATP. Trimetazidine and oxfenicine attenuated platelet aggregation, P‐selectin externalization and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Both etomoxir and trimetazidine impeded agonist‐induced dense granule release and platelet thrombus formation on collagen under arterial shear. The effect of inhibitors on platelet aggregation and dense granule release was dose‐ and incubation time‐ dependent with significant inhibition at higher doses and prolonged incubation times. Neither of the inhibitors could protect mice from collagen‐epinephrine‐induced pulmonary embolism or prolong mouse tail bleeding times. However, mice pre‐administered with etomoxir, trimetazidine and oxfenicine were protected from ferric chloride‐induced mesenteric thrombosis. In conclusion, β‐oxidation of fatty acids sustains ATP level in stimulated platelets and is therefore essential for energy‐intensive agonist‐induced platelet responses. Thus, fatty acid oxidation may constitute an attractive therapeutic target for novel antiplatelet agents.
Mpox (Monkeypox) Presenting as Cervical and Vulvar Disease
Authors: Ramírez Mar , Delso Vanesa , Sánchez María J. , Sagastagoitia Íñigo , Vargas Sara , García Alejandro , Coronado Pluvio J. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Since the beginning of the current mpox (formerly “monkeypox”) outbreak in May 2022, 23,465 confirmed cases of monkeypox virus infection have been reported in Europe; women represent less than 1% of these cases. Mpox lesions are found with greater frequency in the genital area, and, in women, have been described primarily in the vulva.

CASE:
We present a case of monkeypox virus infection in a 28-year-old woman confirmed by polymerase chain reaction testing, in which the only clinical manifestation was the appearance of concomitant lesions in the cervix and the vulva, with no other clinical features. No other sexual transmitted diseases were found. The lesions disappeared spontaneously in 2 weeks.

CONCLUSION:
Mpox lesions can affect the cervix; thus, recognition by gynecologists is important. Given the current epidemic outbreak, correct identification is essential to help control disease transmission.
Psoriasis-Like Lesions Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Geremia Nicholas , Gunnella Susanna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In 2019, the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumoniae was reported in Wuhan, People's Republic of China. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can involve different organ systems, including the skin. Twenty percent of patients in an Italian medical ward had cutaneous manifestations. We described a 65-year-old White woman who developed not itchy, not painful, erythematous, slightly infiltrated plaques characterized by fine desquamation and localized at the extremities secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Local treatment with calcipotriene and betamethasone dipropionate was started with clinical response. The close association with Coronavirus disease diagnosis and the clinical response to calcipotriene and local steroid therapy suggested psoriasis-like eruption secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Sullivan Michael Blade , Veresciac Anastasia , Bush Larry M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most cases of uveitis involve the anterior compartment with resultant iritis, cyclitis, or iridocyclitis. Usually, they are either associated with an autoimmune condition or relegated as idiopathic. Approximately 10% of the time an infectious disease etiology is determined to be the cause, in which case, herpes simplex virus and less often varicella zoster virus are the pathogens. Traditionally, cytomegalovirus ocular infections present with retinitis or acute retinal necrosis and almost always in immunocompromised hosts (eg, AIDS), We present a case of chronic cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis in an immunocompetent man diagnosed only after failing the treatment of presumed herpes simplex virus infection and the epidemiology, proposed mechanism of infection, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and treatment of this less well-recognized infection in patients with adequate immune systems.
Gastric Polyp
Authors: Ganapule Avinash A. , Hegde Aniketh , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Tarun , Bhushan Divendu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mucormycosis is usually an infection of immunocompromised patients. In the COVID-19 pandemic, its incidences increased due to immunocompromised states and injudicious use of steroids. It usually causes sinusitis and orbital involvement and may extend to the brain causing life-threatening condition. Involvement of gastrointestinal tract is rare. The stomach is the most commonly involved part followed by colon and ileum. It is mostly a part of disseminated disease.
Here we are describing a case of dyspepsia that was diagnosed to have rare fungal infection without involving other usual sites.