bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host assessment and feeding behaviour of adult female Glycaspis brimblecombei on preferred and non‐preferred eucalypts
Authors: Tanha Reza , Steinbauer Martin J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInsect herbivores assess plants by integrating responses elicited by a variety of external and internal cues and signals mediated by physical and chemical traits. We investigated host assessment behaviours of adult females of the Eucalyptus‐feeding psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), on 10 species and subspecies (comprising preferred and non‐preferred hosts) using video recordings, electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology, and histological examination of tissues surrounding secondary veins. Our video recordings indicated that the shortest first searching time (mean 7.5 s) occurred on preferred hosts. Females placed on novel (non‐preferred) hosts jumped off leaves in <10 s. We found that host acceptance occurred surprisingly rapidly after stylet penetration, e.g., between 7 and 11 s on preferred eucalypts, suggesting a strong role for gustatory cues. Our histological studies provided no evidence of physical barriers to phloem access. Females produced eight EPG waveforms, as observed for other psyllids and aphids, but the durations of PG (xylem activity) and PE2 (phloem ingestion), in particular, were unlike those recorded for any other hemipteran. On preferred hosts, phloem ingestion represented 21.5% (mean duration 4 h 18 min) of individual feeding bouts, whereas on non‐preferred hosts, there was almost no ingestion from phloem. Xylem ingestion on non‐preferred hosts represented 20.1% (mean duration 4 h 1 min) of feeding bouts, presumably to imbibe water. Thus, contrary to widespread belief, female G. brimblecombei did not feed exclusively from phloem even on preferred hosts, but also regularly ingested from the xylem. This is surprising considering that nymphs construct lerps consisting of approximately 16% sugars, and suggests that adults feed from phloem for shorter periods than offspring. Rapid assessment of hosts could also mean that positive stimuli induced by sugars are opposed by negative gustatory stimuli experienced in non‐vascular tissues. The most likely source of such stimuli are water‐soluble polyphenolic compounds that are widespread in cell vacuoles.
Mitigating the effect of linear infrastructure on arboreal mammals in dense forest: A canopy bridge trial
Authors: Mitchell Briony , Harrison Lee , Ainley Joanne , van der Ree Rodney , Soanes Kylie 
Published: January 2023

SummaryRoads and other linear infrastructure create treeless gaps that can limit the movement of non‐flying, arboreal animals. These negative effects are particularly strong in dense forests, where even narrow infrastructure corridors represent a significant change in habitat structure. Artificial canopy bridges are an increasingly common approach to mitigating the barrier effect of roads and other linear infrastructure on the movement of arboreal mammals; however, questions remain about the success of various designs for different species. Here we conduct an experimental evaluation of the response of a critically endangered possum, Leadbeater's Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), to two artificial canopy bridge designs: single‐rope bridges and ladder bridges. We found that both bridges were used by Leadbeater's Possum and five other species of arboreal marsupial to cross narrow, forestry roads. However, Leadbeater's Possums crossed ladder bridges 13 times more often than the single‐rope design (average of 564.5 and 41.75 crossings per design respectively). Radiotelemetry conducted on four Leadbeater's Possums prior to bridge installation detected no road crossings, providing preliminary evidence that the bridges improved cross‐road movement. Ladder bridges appear to be the better design choice for a wider range of arboreal marsupials as they were used more frequently, offer greater stability, and provide better predator avoidance than single‐rope designs.
Bridging the gap between preclinical scientists, clinical researchers, and clinicians: From animal research to clinical practice
Authors: Begasse de Dhaem Olivia , Wattiez Anne‐Sophie , de Boer Irene , Pavitt Sara , Powers Scott W. , Pradhan Amynah , Gelfand Amy A. , Nahman‐Averbuch Hadas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCollaborations amongst researchers and clinicians with complementary areas of expertise enhance knowledge for everyone and can lead to new discoveries. To facilitate these interactions, shared language and a general understanding of how colleagues in different subfields of headache and headache research approach their work are needed.MethodsThis narrative review focuses on research methods applied in animal studies, human studies including clinical trials, and provides an overview of clinical practice.ResultsFor animal studies, we describe concepts needed to evaluate the quality and relevance of preclinical studies. For human research, fundamental concepts of neuroimaging, quantitative sensory testing, genetic and epidemiological research methods, and clinical research methodology that are commonly used in headache research are summarized. In addition, we provide an understanding of what guides headache clinicians, and summarize the practical approach to migraine management in adults and children.ConclusionsIt is hoped that this review facilitates further dialogue between clinicians and researchers that will help guide future research efforts and implementation of research findings into clinical practice.
Intravenous metronidazole‐, levofloxacin‐containing triple therapy for treating patients with Helicobacter pylori‐related active peptic ulcer complications: A pilot study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gui Qian , Chen Jinnan , Yu Dazhong , Su Wenyu , Zhu Changqing , Liang Xiao , Lu Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous use esomeprazole, metronidazole, and/or levofloxacin in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐associated peptic ulcer complications.MethodsInpatients with peptic ulcer complications who were not able to take oral medicine were randomly assigned to three groups: triple therapy (esomeprazole, levofloxacin, metronidazole) and dual therapy (esomeprazole, levofloxacin/metronidazole) for 7 days. After intravenous treatment, all patients received open‐label oral esomeprazole 20 mg bid for another 1 month. All subjects were followed up for gastroscopy at the seventh day of intravenous treatment to confirm the ulcer healing and 13C‐urea breath test to confirm successful H. pylori eradication 4–6 weeks after completion of oral esomeprazole therapy.ResultsThe H. pylori eradication rate of both LEV‐dual therapy (33.3%, 95% CI: 9.7%–70.0%) and MTZ‐dual therapy (50%, 95% CI: 21.5%–78.5%) was significantly lower than that of triple therapy (95%, 95% CI: 71.1%–97.4%) (p = .003, .016). There were no significant differences in the adverse effects among all treatment groups, and the adverse effects were rare.ConclusionsThe intravenous triple regimen, consisting of proton‐pump inhibitor, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, could be considered in patients of H. pylori‐associated peptic ulcer complications if oral medicine cannot be provided.
Datasets for reporting of soft‐tissue sarcoma: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)
Authors: Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Webster Fleur , Agaimy Abbas , Bovée Judith , Dickson Brendan , Doyle Leona , Dry Sarah , Gronchi Alessandro , Hameed Meera , Hemmings Chris , Liegl‐Atzwanger Bernadette , Thway Khin , Wagner Andrew J , Wang Jian , Yoshida Akihiko , Fletcher Christopher 
Published: January 2023

AimsSoft‐tissue tumours are rare and both accurate diagnosis and proper treatment represent a global challenge. Current treatment guidelines also recommend review by specialised pathologists. Here we report on international consensus‐based datasets for the pathology reporting of biopsy and resection specimens of soft‐tissue sarcomas. The datasets were produced under the auspices of the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), a global alliance of international pathology and cancer organisations.Methods and resultsAccording to the ICCR's guidelines for dataset development, an international expert panel consisting of pathologists, a surgical oncologist, and a medical oncologist produced a set of core and noncore data items for biopsy and resection specimens based on a critical review and discussion of current evidence. All professionals involved were subspecialised soft‐tissue sarcoma experts and affiliated with tertiary referral centres. Commentary was provided for each data item to explain the rationale for selecting it as a core or noncore element, its clinical relevance, and to highlight potential areas of disagreement or lack of evidence, in which case a consensus position was formulated. Following international public consultation, the documents were finalised and ratified, and the datasets, which included a synoptic reporting guide, were published on the ICCR website.ConclusionThese first international datasets for soft‐tissue sarcomas are aimed to promote high‐quality, standardised pathology reporting. Their adoption will improve consistency of reporting, facilitate multidisciplinary communication, and enhance comparability of data, all of which will help to improve patient's management.
Wnt3a promotes odonto/osteogenic differentiation in vitro and tertiary dentin formation in a rat model
Authors: Sukarawan Waleerat , Rattanawarawipa Panarat , Yaemkleebbua Kamonwan , Nowwarote Nunthawan , Pavasant Prasit , Limjeerajarus Chalida Nakalekha , Osathanon Thanaphum 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of Wnt3a on odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and reparative dentine formation in a rat model.MethodologyStem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth were cultured in media with Wnt3a (50–200 ng/ml). Wnt activation was confirmed by β‐catenin immunocytochemistry. Colony‐forming unit assay (normalized percentage area), osteogenic gene expression analysis by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and mineralization assays measured by the absorption at 540 nm were performed. Tertiary dentine formation in vivo was evaluated using 8‐week‐old, male Wistar rats. Cavities with pinpoint pulp exposure by a sharp instrument were prepared at the mesial surface of the first molars. Teeth were divided into (n = 6): (1) distilled water (negative control), (2) phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), (3) lithium chloride in DI (20 μM), and (4) Wnt3a in PBS (200 ng/ml). Collagen sponge was used as a scaffold. The cavity was sealed with glass ionomer restoration. Four weeks later, animals were euthanized by sodium pentobarbital (120 mg/kg body weight). Hard tissue formation was evaluated using micro‐computerized tomography. Sixty consecutive slides from the initial plane were analysed and calculated as bone/dentine volume per total tissue volume. Paraffin sections (2 μm) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome for morphological evaluation. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error. Mann–Whitney U test was used for two‐group comparison. Kruskal Wallis followed by pairwise comparison was employed for three or more group comparisons. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 7. Differences were considered significant at p < .05.ResultsWnt3a decreased SHEDs colony formation and increased OSX, BMP2, and DMP1 expression, corresponding to an increase in mineralization. Additionally, a significant increase in dentine/bone volume per total tissue volume was observed in Wnt3a treated defects. Dentine bridge formation at the exposure sites treated with Wnt3a demonstrated, while fibrous tissues were observed in the control.ConclusionsWnt3a suppressed proliferation, increased osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs and promotes tertiary dentine formation. Wnt3a could be utilized as biological molecule for vital pulp therapy.
Informed consent in dermatology: a narrative review
Authors: Hengy Meredith , Hewitt Marlee , Dekany Victoria , Bedford‐Lyon Nastassja , Daveluy Steven 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInformed consent is a legal and ethical obligation of healthcare providers, and there are several steps that must be followed for informed consent to be obtained. Numerous challenges exist to obtaining informed consent including gaps in health literacy, language barriers, impaired decision‐making capacity, and inadequacy of informed consent forms. Dermatologists must understand the importance and process for obtaining informed consent to protect patients as well as avoid litigation. This narrative review provides an overview of the process of obtaining informed consent, insight into the top challenges that clinicians may face with suggested recommendations, and a brief review of litigation from improper consent among dermatologists.
Adverse selection in cryptocurrency markets
Authors: Tiniç Murat , Sensoy Ahmet , Akyildirim Erdinc , Corbet Shaen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article we investigate the influence that information asymmetry may have on future volatility, liquidity, market toxicity, and returns within cryptocurrency markets. We use the adverse‐selection component of the effective spread as a proxy for overall information asymmetry. Using order and trade data from the Bitfinex exchange, we first document statistically significant adverse‐selection costs for major cryptocurrencies. Also, our results suggest that adverse‐selection costs, on average, correspond to 10% of the estimated effective spread, indicating an economically significant impact of adverse‐selection risk on transaction costs in cryptocurrency markets. Finally, we document that adverse‐selection costs are important predictors of intraday volatility, liquidity, market toxicity, and returns.
A review of methods to trace material flows into final products in dynamic material flow analysis: From industry shipments in physical units to monetary input–output tables, Part 1
Authors: Streeck Jan , Pauliuk Stefan , Wieland Hanspeter , Wiedenhofer Dominik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDynamic material flow analysis (dMFA) is widely used to model stock‐flow dynamics. To appropriately represent material lifetimes, recycling potentials, and service provision, dMFA requires data about the allocation of economy‐wide material consumption to different end‐use products or sectors, that is, the different product stocks, in which material consumption accumulates. Previous estimates of this allocation only cover few years, countries, and product groups. Recently, several new methods for estimating end‐use product allocation in dMFA were proposed, which so far lack systematic comparison. We review and systematize five methods for tracing material consumption into end‐use products in inflow‐driven dMFA and discuss their strengths and limitations. Widely used data on industry shipments in physical units have low spatio‐temporal coverage, which limits their applicability across countries and years. Monetary input–output tables (MIOTs) are widely available and their economy‐wide coverage makes them a valuable source to approximate material end‐uses. We find four distinct MIOT‐based methods: consumption‐based, waste input–output MFA (WIO‐MFA), Ghosh absorbing Markov chain, and partial Ghosh. We show that when applied to a given MIOT, the methods’ underlying input–output models yield the same results, with the exception of the partial Ghosh method, which involves simplifications. For practical applications, the MIOT system boundary must be aligned to those of dMFA, which involves the removal of service flows, sector (dis)aggregation, and re‐defining specific intermediate outputs as final demand. Theoretically, WIO‐MFA, applied to a modified MIOT, produces the most accurate results as it excludes massless and waste transactions. In part 2 of this work, we compare methods empirically and suggest improvements for aligning MIOT‐dMFA system boundaries.
Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy to differentiate recurrent neoplasm from radiation necrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aseel Almusaedi , McCarthy Peter , Mohammed Alsaddi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposePostradiation treatment necrosis is one of the most serious late sequelae and appears within 6 months. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) has been used for the detection of brain tumors. The study aimed to determine the radiological accuracy and efficacy in distinguishing recurrent brain tumor from radiation‐induced necrosis by identifying pseudoprogression.MethodsThe research was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis guidelines. International electronic databases including 15 English sources were investigated. A total of 4281 papers with 2159 citations from 15 databases from 2011 to 2021 met the search strategies of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in recurrent brain tumors and postradiation necrosis.ResultsNine studies were enrolled in the meta‐analysis with a total of 354 patients (203 male and 151 female) whose average age ranged from 4 to 74 years. Anbarloui et al., Elias et al., Nemattalla et al., Smith et al., Zeng et al., and Weybright et al. showed strong evidence of heterogeneity regarding choline/N‐acetylaspartate (Cho/NAA) ratio in the evaluation of the nine studies. Elias et al., Nemattalla et al., Bobek‐Billewicz et al., and Smith et al. showed a high heterogeneity in Cho/creatine (Cr) ratio. Elias et al., Nemattalla et al., Smith et al., and Weybright et al. revealed high heterogeneity in NAA/Cr ratio estimates.ConclusionMR spectroscopy is effective in distinguishing recurrent brain tumors from necrosis. Our meta‐analysis revealed that Cho/NAA, Cho/Cr, and NAA/Cr ratios were significantly better predictor of detected recurrent tumor. Therefore, the MRSI is an informative tool in the distinction of tumor recurrence versus necrosis.
Hellenes and Romans: Oppositional characterological figures and the enregisterment of Istanbul Greek
Authors: Hadodo Matthew John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLanguage users discursively circulate ideologies of identity, especially in stances taken while assigning social characteristics to enregistered personae. Previous research has demonstrated that with the Istanbul Greek (IG) diaspora, speakers use the emic terms of Ellines and Romioi to orient to or away from Mainland Greeks, respectively. In this paper, I discuss how IGs in Turkey relate such ethnonyms to linguistic features and how they rely on enregistered dialectal features to construct their ethnicity as Romioi in opposition to Ellines. These ethnonyms result in personae that are used stylistically, but in turn fractally (re)create differentiation into separate ethnic categories. Such sociolinguistic processes demonstrate how linguistic variation is socially embedded in a minoritized indigenous speech community. Studying variation in concert with ethnonym use shows how speakers add nuanced meaning to established identity categories and create new ones based on their lived experiences.
How to Trace a Causal Process
Authors: Gallow J. Dmitri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccording to the theory developed here, we may trace out the processes emanating from a cause in such a way that any consequence lying along one of these processes counts as an effect of the cause. This theory gives intuitive verdicts in a diverse range of problem cases from the literature. Its claims about causation will never be retracted when we include additional variables in our model. And it validates some plausible principles about causation, including Sartorio's ‘Causes as Difference Makers’ principle and Hitchcock's ‘Principle of Sufficient Reason’.
Grounding identity in existence
Authors: Rubenstein Ezra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhat grounds the facts about what is identical to/distinct from what? A natural answer is: the facts about what exists. Despite its prima facie appeal, this view has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. Moreover, those who have discussed it have been inclined to reject it because of the following important challenge: why should the existence of some individuals ground their identity in some cases and their distinctness in others? (Burgess 2012, Shumener 2020b). This paper offers a sustained defense of the view. The first half provides some positive motivations in terms of other natural principles involving ground. The second half considers various ways of distilling the challenge into a precise objection to the view, and argues that none of the resulting objections proves persuasive.
An R2R3‐MYB network modulates stem strength by regulating lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell wall thickening in herbaceous peony
Authors: Tang Yuhan , Lu Lili , Sheng Zhipeng , Zhao Daqiu , Tao Jun 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYStem strength is an important agronomic trait affecting plant lodging, and plays an essential role in the quality and yield of plants. Thickened secondary cell walls in stems provide mechanical strength that allows plants to stand upright, but the regulatory mechanism of secondary cell wall thickening and stem strength in cut flowers remains unclear. In this study, first, a total of 11 non‐redundant Paeonia lactiflora R2R3‐MYBs related to stem strength were identified and isolated from cut‐flower herbaceous peony, among which PlMYB43, PlMYB83 and PlMYB103 were the most upregulated differentially expressed genes. Then, the expression characteristics revealed that these three R2R3‐MYBs were specifically expressed in stems and acted as transcriptional activators. Next, biological function verification showed that these P. lactiflora R2R3‐MYBs positively regulated stem strength, secondary cell wall thickness and lignin deposition. Furthermore, yeast‐one‐hybrid and dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that they could bind to the promoter of caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase gene (PlCOMT2) and/or laccase gene (PlLAC4), two key genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. In addition, the function of PlLAC4 in increasing lignin deposition was confirmed by virus‐induced gene silencing and overexpression. Moreover, PlMYB83 could also act as a transcriptional activator of PlMYB43. The findings of the study propose a regulatory network of R2R3‐MYBs modulating lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell wall thickening for improving stem lodging resistance, and provide a resource for molecular genetic engineering breeding of cut flowers.