bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
På, i, for, or til: A comparative analysis of prepositions in the writing of L1 and L2 Danish users
Authors: Kristensen Line Burholt , Sørensen Marie-Louise Lind 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This corpus study compares the use of Danish prepositions in the writing of L1 users of Danish to that of L2 users of Danish (with English as their L1). It examines to what extent non-standard usage is a specific L2 phenomenon and to what degree the challenges with prepositions are shared between the L1 and L2 group. We analyze the distribution and characteristics of non-standard usage involving four frequent Danish prepositions: til ‘to’, i ‘in’, på ‘on’, and for ‘for’. The results show that L2 texts are characterized by a larger share of non-standard tokens and by confusion of prepositions and non-prepositions. Yet, both L1 texts and L2 texts have non-standard usage and both have possible English calques. Based on the similarities between the two groups, we recommend that future studies include naturally occurring L1 production as a baseline for describing characteristics of L2 production.
The role of interpretation biases and safety behaviours in social anxiety: an intensive longitudinal study
Authors: Prieto-Fidalgo Ángel , Calvete Esther 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground:Interpretation bias and safety behaviours (Safe-B) have been proposed as factors perpetuating social anxiety (SA). However, longitudinal research on how they contribute to SA in everyday life is scarce.Aim:The aim was to examine whether interpretation bias predicts daily Safe-B and SA. A mediated moderation was hypothesized, where the relationship between daily social stressors and Safe-B would be moderated by interpretation bias, and Safe-B, in turn, would mediate the association between stressors and SA levels. In addition, it was hypothesized that prior levels of SA would predict higher Safe-B use, especially in co-occurrence with stressors.Method:An intensive longitudinal design was employed, with 138 vocational training students (51% men, mean age 20.15 years). They completed initial measures of SA and interpretation bias and 7-day diaries with measures of social stressors, Safe-B, and SA. They reported SA levels two months later.Results:Both stressors and interpretation bias in ambiguous situations predicted Safe-B, which in turn predicted daily SA levels. However, neither interpretation bias nor Safe-B predicted SA levels at the follow-up, and interpretation bias did not moderate the association between stressors and daily SA. In addition, the relationship between stressors and Safe-B was stronger in people with higher initial SA levels.Conclusions:The results suggest that Safe-B are a mechanism through which earlier SA levels and interpretation bias contribute to higher SA levels in daily life.
Decadal Variability of the Extratropical Response to the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Skinner Daniel T. , Matthews Adrian J. , Stevens David P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the leading mode of sub‐seasonal variability in the tropical atmosphere and is a source of predictability for extratropical weather through its teleconnections. MJO teleconnection patterns can be modulated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on seasonal to interannual time scales. However, changes over decadal time scales are less well understood. ERA5 reanalysis data are used to show that the boreal winter MJO teleconnection pattern in the Northern Hemisphere has changed in recent decades in line with changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability. Changes are seen in the circulation, temperature and precipitation responses. In particular, from 1997, intraseasonal cold anomalies appear over Europe and the eastern United States due to MJO convection over the western Pacific; these were not present 20 years previously. The decadal variability observed is not the product of aliasing of ENSO modulation of the teleconnection.
Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential
Authors: Yuan Minlan , Yang Biao , Rothschild Gerson , Mann J. John , Sanford Larry D. , Tang Xiangdong , Huang Canhua , Wang Chuang , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The heritability estimate of MDD is 30–40%, suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression. Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress. Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications. These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses, neuroplasticity impairment, neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction, which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD, and may identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, RNA modification, and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD. In addition, we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Spatiotemporal interaction characteristics and transition mechanism of tourism environmental efficiency in China
Authors: Liao Zhenjie , Zhang Lijuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh-quality development is the theme of China’s economic and social development in the new era, and it is also an objective need for tourism development in the 14th Five-Year Plan period. This study presents an investigation of China’s patterns of tourism environmental efficiency from the perspective of spatiotemporal interactions. A nested analytical framework of quantile regression and spatiotemporal leaps was used to explore the driving mechanism patterns of tourism environmental efficiency under different leap types. Based on various spatial analysis methods, we posit that the patterns of tourism environmental efficiency differ through spatial associations, dynamic evolutions, and transition mechanisms. Our results indicate that there is a dynamic convergence trend of the overall differences in tourism environmental efficiency in China from 2000 to 2020 where a significant clustering phenomenon is observed in space and the level of spatial clustering gradually tends to be stable. In terms of local spatial structures and the dependence directions of tourism environmental efficiency, China’s northwest and northeast regions are more volatile, while eastern coastal regions are relatively stable. Spatiotemporal leaps of tourism environmental efficiency show certain transfer inertia with strong spatial dependence or path-locked characteristics, among which most central and western regions always maintain high carbon emission attributes. These regions are the most limited in the synergy of tourism environmental efficiency. The spatiotemporal network patterns of tourism environmental efficiency are mainly based on positive correlations and show strong spatial integration. However, a few neighboring provinces still have a certain degree of spatiotemporal competition. Driving patterns of the spatiotemporal leaps in tourism environmental efficiency among regions differ greatly. The eastern coastal provinces are driven by population-urbanization constraint patterns, and the northwest, southwest, and northeast regions are driven by technology regulation patterns. From the southeast to the northwest, the leap in the environmental efficiency of China's tourism gradually shows a stepwise pattern of "congruent constraint-reverse development-congruent development.” Therefore, the government should not only consider these various driving/constraining factors but also combine different environmentally-efficient tourism clustering types and transition paths to emphasize differentiated environmental tourism measures. This can help avoid the closure of inter-provincial tourism policies through inter-regional synergy.
Statistical Information Affects Spoken Word Recognition of Tone Languages in Stutterers: Evidence From an Auditory-Perceptual Gating Study
Authors: Zhu Jiaqiang , Shao Jing , Zhang Caicai , Chen Fei , Wiener Seth 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:Previous studies have shown that individuals who stutter exhibit abnormal speech perception in addition to disfluent production as compared with their nonstuttering peers. This study investigated whether adult Chinese-speaking stutterers are still able to use knowledge of statistical regularities embedded in their native language to recognize spoken words and, if so, how much acoustic information is needed to trigger this information.Method:Seventeen stutterers and 20 typical, nonstuttering controls participated in a gating experiment. All participants listened to monosyllabic words that consisted of syllables and lexical tones and were segmented into eight successive gates. These words differed in syllable token frequency and syllable–tone co-occurrence probability in line with a Chinese spoken word corpus. The correct syllable-only, correct tone-only, correct syllable–tone word, and correct syllable–incorrect tone responses were analyzed between the two groups using mixed-effects models.Results:Stutterers were less accurate overall than controls, with fewer correct syllables, tones, and their combination as words. However, stutterers showed consistent and reliable perceptual patterns triggered by statistical information of speech, as reflected by more accurate responses to high-frequency syllables, high-probability tones, and tone errors all in manners similar to those of nonstuttering controls.Conclusions:Stutterers' atypical speech perception is not due to a lack of statistical learning. Stutterers were able to perceive spoken words with phonological tones based on statistical regularities embedded in their native speech. This finding echoes previous production studies of stuttering and lends some support for a link between perception and production. Implications of pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic conditions of stuttering are discussed.
Linking ice and gas in the Coronet cluster in Corona Australis
Authors: Perotti G. , Jørgensen J. K. , Rocha W. R. M. , Plunkett A. , Artur de la Villarmois E. , Kristensen L. E. , Sewiło M. , Bjerkeli P. , Fraser H. J. , Charnley S. B. 
Published: August 2023

Context. During the journey from the cloud to the disc, the chemical composition of the protostellar envelope material can be either preserved or processed to varying degrees depending on the surrounding physical environment.
Aims. This works aims to constrain the interplay of solid (ice) and gaseous methanol (CH3OH) in the outer regions of protostellar envelopes located in the Coronet cluster in Corona Australis (CrA), and assess the importance of irradiation by the Herbig Ae/Be star R CrA. CH3OH is a prime test case as it predominantly forms as a consequence of the solid-gas interplay (hydrogenation of condensed CO molecules onto the grain surfaces) and it plays an important role in future complex molecular processing.
Methods. We present 1.3 mm Submillimeter Array (SMA) and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) observations towards the envelopes of four low-mass protostars in the Coronet cluster. Eighteen molecular transitions of seven species were identified. We calculated CH3OH gas-to-ice ratios in this strongly irradiated cluster and compared them with ratios determined towards protostars located in less irradiated regions such as Serpens SVS 4 in Serpens Main and the Barnard 35A cloud in the λ Orionis region. Results. The CH3OH gas-to-ice ratios in the Coronet cluster vary by one order of magnitude (from 1.2 × 10−4 to 3.1 × 10−3) which is similar to less irradiated regions as found in previous studies. We find that the CH3OH gas-to-ice ratios estimated in these three regions are remarkably similar despite the different UV radiation field intensities and formation histories.
Conclusions. This result suggests that the overall CH3OH chemistry in the outer regions of low-mass envelopes is relatively independent of variations in the physical conditions and hence that it is set during the prestellar stage.
Brightness and mass accretion rate evolution during the 2022 burst of EX Lupi
Authors: Cruz-Sáenz de Miera F. , Kóspál Á. , Abrahám P. , Claes R. A. B. , Manara C. F. , Wendeborn J. , Fiorellino E. , Giannini T. , Nisini B. , Sicilia-Aguilar A. , Campbell-White J. , Alcalá J. M. , Banzatti A. , Szabó Zs. M. , Lykou F. , Antoniucci S. , Varga J. , Siwak M. , Park S. , Nagy Zs. , Kun M. 
Published: August 2023

Context. EX Lupi is the prototype by which EXor-type outbursts have been defined. It has experienced multiple accretion-related bursts and outbursts throughout the past decades, and the study of these events has greatly extended our knowledge about their effects. Notably, this star experienced a new burst in 2022.
Aims. We aim to investigate whether the recent brightening was caused by temporarily increased accretion or by a brief decrease in the extinction and study the evolution of the EX Lupi system throughout this event.
Methods. We used multi-band photometry to create color-color and color-magnitude diagrams to exclude the possibility that the brightening could be explained by a decrease in extinction. We obtained spectra using the X-shooter instrument of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to determine the Lacc and Ṁacc during the peak of the burst and after its return to quiescence using two different methods: empirical relationships between line luminosity and Lacc, and a slab model of the whole spectrum. We examined the 130-yr light curve of EX Lupi to provide statistics on the number of outbursts experienced during this period of time.
Results. Our analysis of the data taken during the 2022 burst confirmed that a change in extinction is not responsible for the brightening. Our two approaches in calculating the Ṁacc were in agreement and resulted in values that are two orders of magnitude above what had previously been estimated for EX Lupi using only a couple of individual emission lines, thus suggesting that EX Lupi is a strong accretor even when in quiescence. We determined that in 2022 March, the Ṁacc increased by a factor of seven with respect to the quiescent level. We also found hints that even though the Ṁacc had returned to near pre-outburst levels, certain physical properties of the gas (i.e., temperature and density) had not returned to the quiescent values.
Conclusions. We found that the mass accreted during this three-month event was 0.8 lunar masses, which is approximately half of what is accreted during a year of quiescence. We calculated that if EX Lupi remains as active as it has been for the past 130 yr, during which it has experienced at least three outbursts and ten bursts, then it will deplete the mass of its circumstellar material in less than 160 000 yr.
Pain in older adults with dementia: Brazilian validation of Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia (PIMD)
Authors: Foraciepe Mariana , Silva Ana Elisa V. F. , Fares Thais G. , Santos Fânia Cristina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Although there are several ways to assess pain in dementia, there is still a need for tools with better items to assess the presence of pain intensity in these individuals.
Objective To validate to Brazilian version of the “Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia – PIMD-p.
Methods Older adults, all demented with impaired verbal communication and exposed to potentially painful situations, were selected from an outpatient clinic and long-term care facility (LTCF). The PIMD-p was applied independently by 2 researchers (E1 and E2) on the same day. Within 14 days, the instrument was reapplied by one of the 2 researchers (E3). The pain intensity reported by participants' caregivers and LTCF nurses were recorded on a verbal numeric pain scale. For the statistical analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, Spearman's Coefficient and intraclass correlation Index were calculated.
Results A total of 50 older individuals were selected (mean age 86 years), majority with musculoskeletal pain. The PIMD-p demonstrated good internal consistency according to Cronbach's α (0.838), excellent intra and interobserver reproducibility (0.927 and 0.970, respectively; p < 0.001), and convergent validity (strong significant correlations between reported pain intensities and pain indicators on the PIMD-p (except for expressive eyes; corr = 0.106 and p = 0.462). A ROC curve was plotted to determine the best cut-off for the PIMD-P, and a score of 7.5 predicted moderate-to-severe pain, with 77.8% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The PIMD-p showed satisfactory psychometric properties for measuring intensity of pain in demented older adults with impaired verbal communication.
Absorption enhancement of ultra-thin film Solar Cell using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic modes
Authors: Eskandari Mohammad , Shamsi Alireza 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the photonic and plasmonic modes in order to enhance the absorption of ultrathin film Si Solar Cells. The simulations based on FEM show that these mechanisms enhance the absorption of the cell significantly. In order to investigate the plasmonic effects and use the amazing optical properties of localized surface plasmons (LSPs), multiple Au nanoparticles (NPs) with different radii have been used on the front surface of the Cell. Simulations show that the use of Au NPs with radii of 25, 50, and 75 nm simultaneously on the front surface of the Cell, increases the absorption dramatically. It is observed that multiple Au NPs with configuration illustrated in Case 5, enhance the absorption significantly due to the excitation of the multiple plasmonic modes in UV and Visible regions. In order to enhance the absorption in near-IR, we use Cu NPs on the backside of the cell. The highest average absorption of 84.7%, short-circuit current density of 36.7 (mA/cm2), and efficiency of 30.1% is achieved, with an increase of 177.7%, 178%, and 178.7% compared to Case 1, respectively. These methods promise the performance improvement of ultra-thin film solar cells and increase their application potential in Solar energy harvesting.
Design of self-coupled plasmonic hyperbolic metamaterials refractive index sensor based on intensity shift
Authors: Zhang Jinyan , Wang Tao , Yan Ruoqin , Wang Huimin , Yue Xinzhao , Wang Lu , Wang Yuandong , Yuan Xuyang , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Achieving efficient, accurate, label-free, and real-time biodetection is urgently required; hence, we propose a miniaturized, easily integrated, high-sensitivity plasmonic metamaterial light intensity refractive index sensor. The main structure of the sensor is layered hyperbolic metamaterial grating comprises eight pairs of Au/Al2O3 thin film, and the highly sensitive bulk plasmon polaritons can be effectively excited inside by the self-coupled effect without external prism or nanograting. The periodic fishnet arrays built in the layered HMM structure can not only be used as nanograting to achieve efficient coupling between incident light and layered HMM, but also increase the volume of the sensing, and the measured substance can get full interaction with the enhancement field to obtain high sensitivity. By detecting the change of reflected optical intensity with the ambient refractive index, the sensor exhibits intensity sensitivity of 36 RIU−1 (refractive index unit) and figure of merit of 403; moreover, the full width at half maximum of resonant peak is low at 5 nm. The sensing performances indicate that the sensor we designed has a significant potential to achieve portable, highly sensitive sensing platforms for precise detection.
Comparing interatomic potentials in calculating basic structural parameters and Peierls stress in tungsten-based random binary alloys
Authors: Mamun Abdullah Al , Xu Shuozhi , Li Xiang-Guo , Su Yanqing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The field of machine learning-based interatomic potentials (ML-IAPs) has seen increasing development in recent years. In this work, we compare three widely used ML-IAPs–the moment tensor potential (MTP), the spectral neighbor analysis potential (SNAP), and the tabulated Gaussian approximation potential (tabGAP)with a conventional non-ML-IAP, the embedded atom method (EAM) potential. We evaluated these potentials on the basis of their accuracy and efficiency in determining basic structural parameters and Peierls stress under equivalent conditions. Three tungsten (W)-based alloys (Mo-W, Nb-W, and Ta-W) are considered, and their lattice parameter, formation energy, elastic tensor, and Peierls stress of edge dislocation are calculated. Compared with DFT results, MTP demonstrates the highest accuracy in predicting the lattice parameter and the best computational efficiency among the three ML-IAPs, while tabGAP accurately predicts two independent elastic constants, C
11 and C
12. Despite being the slowest, SNAP shows the highest accuracy in predicting the third independent elastic constant C
44 and its Peierls stress value is comparable to that based on MTP.
Galileon inflation evades the no-go for PBH formation in the single-field framework
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Panda Sudhakar , Sami M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider Galileon inflation in the Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework and examine the possibility for PBH formation during slow roll (SR) to ultra slow roll (USR) transitions. We show that loop corrections to the power spectrum, in this case, do not impose additional constraints on the masses of PBHs produced. We indicate that the remarkable non-renormalization property of Galileans due to generalized shift symmetry dubbed as Galilean symmetry is responsible for protecting PBH formation from quantum loop corrections.
Recent progress in hole-transporting materials and inkjet-printing QLEDs
Authors: Xie Liming , Su Wenming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted a great deal of interests due to their unique advantages such as tunable spectrum, high color saturation, compatibility with low-cost inkjet-printing (IJP) technology and potential for use in large-area full-color pixelated display. To date, the efficiency and lifetime of red, green, and blue QLEDs have been significantly improved, in which hole-transporting materials (HTMs) play the key role in determining the device performance. In this review, we highlight to summarize the diverse types of HTMs in QLEDs, including small-organic materials, polymers, crosslinkable materials and inorganic p-type semiconductors, and their properties such as charge carrier mobility, thermal stability, and structural configuration are also reviewed. The significant effects of these properties on device performances are discussed, which would help to understand device physics and improve their performances and reliability of QLEDs. In addition, the development of IJP for QLEDs fabrication and the influence factors of IJP on quantum dot film-forming property are also reviewed, in an effort to provide guidance to continue the advancement of QLED displays.