bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the topographical distribution of sleep spindles among adult epilepsy with cognitive impairment
Authors: Huang Yajin , Liu Yanjun , Liu Yaqing , Han Juping , Han Hongmei , Li Junqiang , Wang Tiancheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveCognitive comorbidities are common in epilepsy; however, symptomatic treatment is currently the only available effective therapy. Sleep, cognition, and epilepsy are closely associated. Therefore, many studies on epilepsy and cognition have focused on sleep structures, such as sleep spindles, which are considered windows to understanding the sleeping brain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep spindles and the severity of cognitive impairment in adult epilepsy.MethodsFifty‐seven adults with epilepsy underwent overnight sleep electroencephalogram recordings and cognitive testing. Slow (9–12 Hz) and fast (12–15 Hz) spindle characteristics during N2 sleep were calculated using a convolutional neural network‐based sleep staging system and automatic spindle detection algorithm. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in fast and slow spindle densities among subgroups of patients based on cognitive impairment severity.ResultsA significant between‐group effect was observed for both slow and fast spindle densities. Multiple comparisons showed that slow and fast spindle densities of the severe cognitive impairment subgroup were lower than those of the noncognitive impairment subgroup (P < 0.05). Simple‐effect analysis revealed differences in slow spindle density distributed among the EEG channels Fp1, Fp2, F3, C3, P4, O1, O2, F8, T4, T5, T6, Fz, and Cz (P < 0.05). Differences in fast spindle density were distributed among the channels Fp1, Fp2, F3, C3, O1, O2, F7, F8, T4, T5, T6, and Fz (P < 0.05).SignificanceSignificant differences in topographical distribution of fast and slow spindle densities were observed at the scalp level among patients with different cognitive statuses. Compared with patients with no cognitive impairment, those with severe cognitive impairment had lower slow and fast spindle densities over multiple scalp regions during N2 sleep. This study provides a reference for objective assessment of cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy patients.
Twenty‐five years of epilepsy surgery at a Central European comprehensive epilepsy center—Trends in intervention delay and outcomes
Authors: Všianský Vít , Brázdil Milan , Rektor Ivan , Doležalová Irena , Kočvarová Jitka , Strýček Ondřej , Hemza Jan , Chrastina Jan , Brichtová Eva , Horák Ondřej , Mužlayová Patrícia , Hermanová Markéta , Hendrych Michal , Pail Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed trends in patients' characteristics, outcomes, and waiting times over the last 25 years at our epilepsy surgery center situated in Central Europe to highlight possible areas of improvement in our care for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy.MethodsA total of 704 patients who underwent surgery at the Brno Epilepsy Center were included in the study, 71 of those were children. Patients were separated into three time periods, 1996‐2000 (n = 95), 2001‐2010 (n = 295) and 2011‐2022 (n = 314) based on first evaluation at the center.ResultsThe average duration of epilepsy before surgery in adults remained high over the last 25 years (20.1 years from 1996 to 2000, 21.3 from 2001 to 2010, and 21.3 from 2011 to 2020,P = 0.718). There has been a decrease in rate of surgeries for temporal lobe epilepsy in the most recent time period (67%—70%—52%,P < 0.001). Correspondingly, extratemporal resections have become more frequent with a significant increase in surgeries for focal cortical dysplasia (2%—8%—19%,P < 0.001). For resections, better outcomes (ILAE scores 1a‐2) have been achieved in extratemporal lesional (0%—21%—61%,P = 0.01, at least 2‐year follow‐up) patients. In temporal lesional patients, outcomes remained unchanged (at least 77% success rate). A longer duration of epilepsy predicted a less favorable outcome for resective procedures (P = 0.024) in patients with disease duration of less than 25 years.SignificanceThe spectrum of epilepsy surgery is shifting toward nonlesional and extratemporal cases. While success rates of extratemporal resections at our center are getting better, the average duration of epilepsy before surgical intervention is still very long and is not improving. This underscores the need for stronger collaboration between epileptologists and outpatient neurologists to ensure prompt and effective treatment for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy.
Phytochemical diversity within a plant population of Nepeta crassifolia species: A rich source of nepetalactone in Iran
Authors: Asadi‐Corom Fereshteh , Zadeh Abdulhadi Hossein , Mirzaie‐Nodoushan Hossein , Bihamta MohammadReza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInvestigation of genetic diversity between and within populations is the first step in plant breeding programs. The present study focused on the phytochemical variation of essential oils of half‐sib families within a plant population of Nepeta crassifolia species, collected from north of Tehran province, Iran. Air‐dried aerial parts of several half‐sib progenies were water distilled to extract their essential oils. Quantification and qualification of the essential oils constituents were carried out using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Dried plant materials, yielded from 0.09% to 0.73% (v/w) of essential oils. In half‐sib families between 9 and 19 compounds were observed. In all of the studied families the extracted oils were predominated by oxygenated monoterpenes, and regarding the main phytochemical components, three chemotypes were recognized in the studied population. In most of the half‐sib families, 4aα,7α,7aβ‐nepetalactone isomer was dominant composition (38.7%–87.6%), while in two families 4aα,7α,7aα‐nepetalactone isomer (41.6%) and 1,8‐cineol (42.1%) were dominant constitutes. Significant correlation was not seen between biomass, essential oil yield and nepetalactone isomers. Comparing the presented results with essential oil components of other Nepeta species, such as N. cataria, revealed that N. crassifolia can be considered as a commercial source of nepetalactone isomers. Thus, promoting domestication and cultivation of N. crassifolia as industrial and medicinal species should be noticed.
Associated factors for postoperative delirium following major abdominal surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Jianli , Wang Jing , Zhang Meng , Han Shuang , Du Yanru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common postsurgical complication. The early identification of its risk factors is the first step toward reducing POD. The predictive factors for POD in patients after major abdominal surgery remain obscure. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively summarize the risk factors of POD after major abdominal surgery.MethodsPOD studies published between January, 1900 and June 2022 were obtained by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline. Two authors independently reviewed the studies to extract the risk factors and assessed the quality of related articles using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were recorded, and a meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.1.ResultsTen studies including total 2900 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, were eligible for analysis, 608 of whom developed POD, for a cumulative incidence of 21%. This pooled analysis suggested the statistically significant risk factors for POD were age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, lower preoperative Mini‐Mental State Examination score, cognitive impairment, preoperative Katz‐ADL score <6, preoperative and postoperative hypoalbuminemia, lower preoperative insulin‐like growth factor‐1 levels, and longer duration of anesthesia.ConclusionPOD is common in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. This meta‐analysis identified risk factors that may aid the early detection of POD and play a prominent role in preventing POD.
Neural networks for estimating Macro Asset Pricing model in football clubs
Authors: Alaminos David , Esteban Ignacio , Salas M. Belén 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe recent crisis caused by COVID‐19 directly affected consumption habits and the stability sof financial markets. In particular, the football industry has been hit hard by this pandemic and therefore has more volatile stock prices. Given this new scenario, further research is needed to accurately estimate the value of the shares of football clubs. In this paper, we estimate an asset pricing model in football clubs with different compositions of risk nature using non‐linear techniques of artificial neural networks. Usually, asset pricing models have been estimated with linear methods such as ordinary least squares. Our results show a precision higher than 90% for all the estimated models, which far exceeds those shown by linear methods in the previous literature. We find that the residual represents about 40% of the variance of the price‐dividend ratio. Long‐term risks follow in importance, and above all, the habit component and its behaviour in the face of changes. The importance of the residual component exists due to a low correlation between the asset price and consumer behaviour, but to a much lesser extent than that shown in previous studies. The estimation carried out with artificial neural networks, both the Deep Learning methods and especially the Quantum Neural Network, opens up new possibilities to estimate more efficiently the pricing of financial assets in the football industry.
Three‐dimensional irradiance and temperature distributions resulting from transdermal application of laser light to human knee—A numerical approach
Authors: Chaki Chironjeet , De Taboada Luis , Tse Kwong Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of light for therapeutic applications requires light‐absorption by cellular chromophores at the target tissues and the subsequent photobiomodulation (PBM) of cellular biochemical processes. For transdermal deep tissue light therapy (tDTLT) to be clinically effective, a sufficiently large number of photons must reach and be absorbed at the targeted deep tissue sites. Thus, delivering safe and effective tDTLT requires understanding the physics of light propagation in tissue. This study simulates laser light propagation in an anatomically accurate human knee model to assess the light transmittance and light absorption‐driven thermal changes for eight commonly used laser therapy wavelengths (600–1200 nm) at multiple skin‐applied irradiances (W cm−2) with continuous wave (CW) exposures. It shows that of the simulated parameters, 2.38 W cm−2 (30 W, 20 mm beam radius) of 1064 nm light generated the least tissue heating −4°C at skin surface, after 30 s of CW irradiation, and the highest overall transmission—approximately 3%, to the innermost muscle tissue.
A Phase I Randomized Trial of Once‐Daily Versus Twice‐Daily Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (1‐84) for Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Ing Steven W. , Finkelman Richard D. , He Ping , Khan Aliya A. , Mannstadt Michael , Rejnmark Lars , Song Ivy , Takács István , Wu Yuna 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTRecombinant human parathyroid hormone (1‐84), rhPTH(1‐84), is an approved adjunctive treatment to oral calcium and active vitamin D for adult patients with hypoparathyroidism; however, there is limited information on the effect of twice daily (BID) dosing of rhPTH(1‐84). This was a phase I, open‐label, randomized, crossover, multicenter study conducted in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism. The primary objective was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of 1 day of treatment with rhPTH(1‐84) administered subcutaneously at 25 μg BID, 50 μg BID, and 100 μg once daily (QD) with or without supplemental oral calcium. Safety and tolerability were evaluated as secondary objectives. In total, 33 patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism completed the study. Treatment with rhPTH(1‐84), both BID and QD, over the short‐term maintained serum calcium, lowered serum phosphorus, decreased urinary calcium excretion, and increased urinary phosphorus excretion. The decrease in urinary calcium excretion was numerically greater for BID than QD. Generally, baseline‐adjusted pharmacokinetic parameters including area under the curve and maximum observed concentration increased with increasing rhPTH(1‐84) dose, although this effect was not dose proportional. No new safety findings were observed. Our study revealed no differences thought to be clinically meaningful in pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters with BID versus QD rhPTH(1‐84) dosing. Future long‐term studies are warranted to further elucidate the effects of alternative dosing strategies. © 2023 Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc and The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluating Middle Cerebral Artery Plaque Characteristics and Lenticulostriate Artery Morphology Associated With Subcortical Infarctions at 7T MRI
Authors: Bai Xiaoyan , Fan Pingping , Li Zhiye , Mossa‐Basha Mahmud , Ju Yi , Zhao Xingquan , Kong Qingle , Pei Xun , Zhang Xue , Sui Binbin , Zhu Chengcheng 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundLenticulostriate artery (LSA) obstruction is a potential cause of subcortical infarcts. However, MRI LSA evaluation at 3T is challenging.PurposeTo investigate middle cerebral artery (MCA) plaque characteristics and LSA morphology associated with subcortical infarctions in LSA territories using 7‐T vessel wall MRI (VW‐MRI) and time‐of‐flight MR angiography (TOF‐MRA).Study TypeProspective.PopulationSixty patients with 80 MCA atherosclerotic plaques (37 culprit and 43 non‐culprit).Field Strength/Sequence7‐T with 3D TOF‐MRA and T1‐weighted 3D sampling perfection with application‐optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) sequences.AssessmentPlaque distribution (superior, inferior, ventral, or dorsal walls), LSA origin involvement, LSA morphology (numbers of stems, branches, and length), and plaque characteristics (normalized wall index, maximal wall thickness, plaque length, remodeling index, intraplaque hemorrhage, and plaque surface morphology (regular or irregular)) were assessed.Statistical TestsLeast absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, generalized estimating equations regression, receiver operating characteristic curve, independent t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, and intra‐class coefficient. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsPlaque irregular surface, superior wall plaque, longer plaque length, LSA origin involvement, fewer LSA stems, and shorter total and average lengths of LSAs were significantly associated with culprit plaques. Multivariable logistic analysis confirmed that LSA origin involvement (OR, 28.51; 95% CI, 6.34–181.02) and plaque irregular surface (OR, 8.32; 95% CI, 1.41–64.73) were independent predictors in differentiating culprit from non‐culprit plaques. A combination of LSA origin involvement and plaque irregular surface (area under curve = 0.92; [95% CI, 0.86–0.98]) showed good performance in identifying culprit plaques, with sensitivity and specificity of 86.5% and 86.0%, respectively.Data Conclusion7‐T VW‐MRI and TOF‐MRA can demonstrate plaque involvement with LSA origins. MCA plaque characteristics derived from 7‐T VW‐MRI showed good diagnostic accuracy in determining the occurrence of subcortical infarctions.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 3
The use of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry for high throughput screening of terpene synthases
Authors: Di Girolamo Alice , Pedrotti Michele , Koot Alex , Verstappen Francel , van Houwelingen Adèle , Vossen Celina , Bouwmeester Harro , de Ridder Dick , Beekwilder Jules 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce the application of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) for the selection of improved terpene synthase mutants. In comparison with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)‐based methods, PTR‐MS could offer advantages by reduction of sample preparation steps and analysis time. The method we propose here allows for minimal sample preparation and analysis time and provides a promising platform for the high throughput screening (HTS) of large enzyme mutant libraries. To investigate the feasibility of a PTR‐MS‐based screening method, we employed a small library of Callitropsis nootkatensis valencene synthase (CnVS) mutants. Bacterial cultures expressing enzyme mutants were subjected to different growth formats, and headspace terpenes concentrations measured by PTR‐Qi‐ToF‐MS were compared with GC‐MS, to rank the activity of the enzyme mutants. For all cultivation formats, including 96 deep well plates, PTR‐Qi‐ToF‐MS resulted in the same ranking of the enzyme variants, compared with the canonical format using 100 mL flasks and GC‐MS analysis. This study provides a first basis for the application of rapid PTR‐Qi‐ToF‐MS detection, in combination with multi‐well formats, in HTS screening methods for the selection of highly productive terpene synthases.
Binary solvent extraction of microplastics from a complex environmental matrix
Authors: Fadare Oluniyi O. , Martin Leisha , Lascelles Nigel , Myers Jessica T. , Kaiser Karl , Xu Wei , Conkle Jeremy L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeparating microplastics (MPs) (smaller particle size, < 1 mm) from complex environmental samples such as particulate organic matter (POM) is challenging, particularly for polyethylene and polypropylene, which are buoyant like POM. It is often done using a time‐consuming procedure, often with hazardous waste generation. We developed a simple, low‐cost procedure using a binary solvent mixture (ethanol–water) followed by water solvation to separate MPs from estuarine POM and surface water. The isolated MPs were quantified and characterized using μFT‐IR and scanning electron microscopy, with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 2500 μm and percentage mass from 2.62–21.3% wt/wt in POM and 0.04–0.42% wt/vol for surface water, respectively. Different polymer types, colors, and shapes were observed. Method recovery assessed using spiking yielded 89–93.1% and the method was validated by visual sorting with dye staining. This method is low‐cost, simple, and aligns with Green Chemistry approaches while efficiently separating plastics of various particle sizes, shapes, and compositions. Furthermore, this low‐cost approach and the near‐universal availability of ethanol make this method more accessible in research and education throughout regions of the world where plastic debris is a major challenge but resources to study the problem are limited.
LEADERSHIP ESSENTIALS FOR COMPLICATED TIMES
Authors: Treasurer Bill 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe author, who has a long consulting history of creating programs for corporations, government agencies, and other organizations, notes that today’s world is complex and nuanced, and creates dilemmas for leaders. For instance, “They want leaders to provide high‐level vision and be strategic, yet they also want them to be intensely operational and tactical. They want leaders to be decisive and work with urgency, yet they also want them to be inclusive and involve the voices of everyone.” But the search for the new and novel can blind us to ideas and concepts that are well‐tested and can be applicable in today’s highly uncertain world: “Rather than look for novel approaches to leading during turbulent times, leaders would do well to get back to the timeless essentials of leadership.” This requires focusing on two first principles that may seem obvious, but are often less so in practice: 1. Leading yourself and 2. Leading others. In category one he further describes concepts such as, in his words: Know thyself, value values, sunshine and shadows, practice self‐care, and “cultivate composure.” In #2, in his words, are Earn trust, create safety, team building, and create inclusion. “Leadership is hard,” he writes, “but it doesn’t have to be complicated.”
A Facile Strategy to Construct Anti‐Swelling, Antibacterial, and Antifogging Coatings for Protection of Medical Goggles
Authors: Yang Qi , Zhou Qiang , Guo Ziyi , Song Lina , Meng Fandong , Tong Zheming , Zhan Xiaoli , Liu Quan , Ren Yongyuan , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic, traditional medical goggles are not only easy to attach bacteria and viruses in long‐term exposure, but easy to fogged up, which increases the risk of infection and affects productivity. Bacterial adhesion and fog can be significantly inhibited through the hydrogel coatings, owing to super hydrophilic properties. On the one hand, hydrogel coatings are easy to absorb water and swell in wet environment, resulting in reduced mechanical properties, even peeling off. On the other hand, the hydrogel coatings don't have intrinsic antibacterial properties, which still poses a potential risk of bacterial transmission. Herein, an anti‐swelling and antibacterial hydrogel coating is synthesized by 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), acrylamide (AM), dimethylaminoethyl acrylate bromoethane (IL‐Br), and poly(sodium‐p‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Due to the self‐driven entropy reduction effect of polycation and polyanion, an ion cross‐linking network is formed, which endows the hydrogel coating with excellent antiswelling performance. Moreover, because of the synergistic effect of highly hydrated surfaces and the active bactericidal effect from quaternary ammonium cations, the hydrogel coating exhibits outstanding antifouling performances. This work develops a facile strategy to fabricate anti‐swelling, antifouling, and antifogging hydrogel coatings for the protection of medical goggles, and also for biomedical and marine antifouling fields.
Recent Advances in Nanozyme‐Based Materials for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Liu Chuyi , Wang Qi , Wu Yun‐Long 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic inflammatory disorder that interferes with the patient's lifestyle and, in extreme situations, can be deadly. Fortunately, with the ever‐deepening understanding of the pathological cause of IBD, recent studies using nanozyme‐based materials have indicated the potential toward effective IBD treatment. In this review, the recent advancement of nanozymes for the treatment of enteritis is summarized from the perspectives of the structural design of nanozyme‐based materials and therapeutic strategies, intending to serve as a reference to produce effective nanozymes for moderating inflammation in the future. Last but not least, the potential and current restrictions for using nanozymes in IBD will also be discussed. In short, this review may provide a guidance for the development of innovative enzyme‐mimetic nanomaterials that offer a novel and efficient approach toward the effective treatment of IBD.