bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Genetic Programming to Build Self-Adaptivity into Software-Defined Networks
Authors: Li Jia , Nejati Shiva , Sabetzadeh Mehrdad 
Published: August 2023

Self-adaptation solutions need to periodically monitor, reason about, and adapt a running system. The adaptation step involves generating an adaptation strategy and applying it to the running system whenever an anomaly arises. In this article, we argue that rather than generating individual adaptation strategies, the goal should be to adapt the control logic of the running system in such a way that the system itself would learn how to steer clear of future anomalies, without triggering self-adaptation too frequently. Although the need for adaptation is never eliminated, especially noting the uncertain and evolving environment of complex systems, reducing the frequency of adaptation interventions is advantageous for various reasons, such as to increase performance and to make a running system more robust.
We instantiate and empirically examine the preceding idea for software-defined networking—a key enabling technology for modern data centers and Internet of Things applications. Using genetic programming (GP), we propose a self-adaptation solution that continuously learns and updates the control constructs in the data-forwarding logic of a software-defined network. Our evaluation, performed using open source synthetic and industrial data, indicates that compared to a baseline adaptation technique that attempts to generate individual adaptations, our GP-based approach is more effective in resolving network congestion, and further, it reduces the frequency of adaptation interventions over time. In addition, we show that for networks with the same topology, reusing over larger networks the knowledge that is learned on smaller networks leads to significant improvements in the performance of our GP-based adaptation approach. Finally, we compare our approach against a standard data-forwarding algorithm from the network literature, demonstrating that our approach significantly reduces packet loss.
Design and Characterization of a Compact Four-Element Microstrip Array Antenna for WiFi-5/6 Routers
Authors: Paul Liton Chandra , Ankan Sarker Saleh Ahmed , Rani Tithi , Jim Md. Tanvir Rahman , Karaaslan Muharrem , Shezan Sk. A. , Wang Lulu 
Published: August 2023

The WiFi-5 band was the most popular WiFi band until the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced a new spectrum of 6 GHz WiFi (5.925–7.125 GHz) for unlicensed users. Our proposed work is about to cover both the 5 GHz and 6 GHz WiFi bands. These two bands have a great impact in the wireless communication field. A low-loss Rogers RT 5880 material is used as the substrate layer, which helps us to make the antenna compact (

23
×
40
×
0.79

mm3) keeping a good performance profile over the latest high-speed WiFi-5/6 band. The proposed antenna covers a huge bandwidth (simulated BW: 2.85 GHz ranging from 4.50 to 7.35 GHz and measured BW: 2.83 GHz ranging from 4.50 to 7.33 GHz), which can be used for the latest WiFi-5 and WiFi-6 routers. The antenna also has omnidirectional properties. Besides that, the gain and directivity of the antenna are quite good, and the measured results buttress the simulated results. The presented different detail parametric studies indicate the antenna’s optimization level, which is excellent. The minimum values of reflection coefficient and voltage standing wave ratio make it a compatible candidate for the implementation of high-speed WiFi-5/6 routers.
New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Karra Prasoona , Hardikar Sheetal , Winn Maci , Anderson Garnet L. , Haaland Benjamin , Krick Benjamin , Thomson Cynthia A. , Shadyab Aladdin , Luo Juhua , Saquib Nazmus , Strickler Howard D. , Chlebowski Rowan , Arthur Rhonda S. , Summers Scott A. , Holland William L. , Jalili Thunder , Playdon Mary C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Individuals diagnosed with an obesity-related cancer (ORC survivors) are at an elevated risk of incident diabetes compared with cancer-free individuals, but whether this confers survival disadvantage is unknown.

Methods:
We assessed the rate of incident diabetes in ORC survivors and evaluated the association of incident diabetes with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among females with ORC in the Women's Health Initiative cohort (N = 14,651). Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by exposure-risk periods (0–1, &gt;1–3, &gt;3–5, &gt;5–7, and &gt;7–10 years) from ORC diagnosis and time-varying exposure (diabetes) analyses were performed.

Results:
Among the ORC survivors, a total of 1.3% developed diabetes within ≤1 year of follow-up and 2.5%, 2.3%, 2.3%, and 3.6% at 1–3, 3–5, 5–7, and 7–10 years of follow-up, respectively, after an ORC diagnosis. The median survival for those diagnosed with diabetes within 1-year of cancer diagnosis and those with no diabetes diagnosis in that time frame was 8.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.0–14.5) years and 16.6 (95% CI, 16.1–17.0) years, respectively. New-onset compared with no diabetes as a time-varying exposure was associated with higher risk of all-cause (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16–1.40) and cancer-specific (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.99–1.38) mortality. When stratified by exposure-risk periods, incident diabetes in ≤1 year of follow-up was associated with higher all-cause (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.40–2.20) and cancer-specific (HR0–1, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.28–2.57) mortality, compared with no diabetes diagnosis.

Conclusions:
Incident diabetes was associated with worse cancer-specific and all-cause survival, particularly in the year after cancer diagnosis.

Impact:
These findings draw attention to the importance of diabetes prevention efforts among cancer survivors to improve survival outcomes.
Radiotherapy-induced Immune Response Enhanced by Selective HDAC6 Inhibition
Authors: Noonepalle Satish Kumar R. , Grindrod Scott , Aghdam Nima , Li Xintang , Gracia-Hernandez Maria , Zevallos-Delgado Christian , Jung Mira , Villagra Alejandro , Dritschilo Anatoly 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Radiotherapy is a curative cancer treatment modality that imparts damage to cellular DNA, induces immunogenic cell death, and activates antitumor immunity. Despite the radiotherapy-induced direct antitumor effect seen within the treated volume, accumulating evidence indicates activation of innate antitumor immunity. Acute proinflammatory responses mediated by anticancer M1 macrophages are observed in the immediate aftermath following radiotherapy. However, after a few days, these M1 macrophages are converted to anti-inflammatory and pro-cancer M2 phenotype, leading to cancer resistance and underlying potential tumor relapse. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays a crucial role in regulating macrophage polarization and innate immune responses. Here, we report targeting HDAC6 function with a novel selective inhibitor (SP-2-225) as a potential therapeutic candidate for combination therapy with radiotherapy. This resulted in decreased tumor growth and enhanced M1/M2 ratio of infiltrating macrophages within tumors. These observations support the use of selective HDAC6 inhibitors to improve antitumor immune responses and prevent tumor relapse after radiotherapy.
Subtyping Severe Hypercholesterolemia by Genetic Determinant to Stratify Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Berry Alexander S.F. , Jones Laney K. , Sijbrands Eric J. , Gidding Samuel S. , Oetjens Matthew T. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Severe hypercholesterolemia, defined as LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C) measurement ≥190 mg/dL, is associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Causes of severe hypercholesterolemia include monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia, polygenic hypercholesterolemia, elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] hypercholesteremia, polygenic hypercholesterolemia with elevated Lp(a) (two-hit), or nongenetic hypercholesterolemia. The added value of using a genetics approach to stratifying risk of incident CAD among those with severe hypercholesterolemia versus using LDL-C levels alone for risk stratification is not known.

METHODS:
To determine whether risk stratification by genetic cause provided better 10-year incident CAD risk stratification than LDL-C level, a retrospective cohort study comparing incident CAD risk among severe hypercholesterolemia subtypes (genetic and nongenetic causes) was performed among 130 091 UK Biobank participants. Analyses were limited to unrelated, White British or Irish participants with available exome sequencing data. Participants with cardiovascular disease at baseline were excluded from analyses of incident CAD.

RESULTS:
Of 130 091 individuals, 68 416 (52.6%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 56.7 (8.0) years. Of the cohort, 9.0% met severe hypercholesterolemia criteria. Participants with LDL-C between 210 and 229 mg/dL and LDL-C ≥230 mg/dL showed modest increases in incident CAD risk relative to those with LDL-C between 190 and 209 mg/dL (210–229 mg/dL: hazard ratio [HR], 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1–1.7]; ≥230 mg/dL: HR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.0–1.7]). In contrast, when risk was stratified by genetic subtype, monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia, elevated Lp(a), and two-hit hypercholesterolemia subtypes had increased rates of incident CAD relative to the nongenetic hypercholesterolemia subtype (monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia: HR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.4–4.0]; elevated Lp(a): HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.2–2.0]; two-hit: HR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.4–2.6]), while polygenic hypercholesterolemia did not.

CONCLUSIONS:
Genetics-based subtyping for monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia and Lp(a) in those with severe hypercholesterolemia provided better stratification of 10-year incident CAD risk than LDL-C-based stratification.
Plasminogen Receptors Promote Lipoprotein(a) Uptake by Enhancing Surface Binding and Facilitating Macropinocytosis
Authors: Siddiqui Halima , Deo Nikita , Rutledge Malcolm T. , Williams Michael J.A. , Redpath Gregory M.I. , McCormick Sally P.A. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

High levels of Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) are associated with multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. Lp(a) consists of an apoB
100
-containing particle attached to the plasminogen homologue apo(a). The pathways for Lp(a) clearance are not well understood. We previously discovered that the plasminogen receptor PlgRKT (plasminogen receptor with a C-terminal lysine) promoted Lp(a) uptake in liver cells. Here, we aimed to further define the role of PlgRKT and to investigate the role of 2 other plasminogen receptors, annexin A2 and S100A10 (S100 calcium-binding protein A10) in the endocytosis of Lp(a).

METHODS:
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and haploid human fibroblast-like (HAP1) cells were used for overexpression and knockout of plasminogen receptors. The uptake of Lp(a), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), apo(a), and endocytic cargos was visualized and quantified by confocal microscopy and Western blotting.

RESULTS:
The uptake of both Lp(a) and apo(a), but not LDL, was significantly increased in HepG2 and HAP1 cells overexpressing PlgRKT, annexin A2, or S100A10. Conversely, Lp(a) and apo(a), but not LDL, uptake was significantly reduced in HAP1 cells in which PlgRKT and S100A10 were knocked out. Surface binding studies in HepG2 cells showed that overexpression of PlgRKT, but not annexin A2 or S100A10, increased Lp(a) and apo(a) plasma membrane binding. Annexin A2 and S100A10, on the other hand, appeared to regulate macropinocytosis with both proteins significantly increasing the uptake of the macropinocytosis marker dextran when overexpressed in HepG2 and HAP1 cells and knockout of S100A10 significantly reducing dextran uptake. Bringing these observations together, we tested the effect of a PI3K (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) inhibitor, known to inhibit macropinocytosis, on Lp(a) uptake. Results showed a concentration-dependent reduction confirming that Lp(a) uptake was indeed mediated by macropinocytosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings uncover a novel pathway for Lp(a) endocytosis involving multiple plasminogen receptors that enhance surface binding and stimulate macropinocytosis of Lp(a). Although the findings were produced in cell culture models that have limitations, they could have clinical relevance since drugs that inhibit macropinocytosis are in clinical use, that is, the PI3K inhibitors for cancer therapy and some antidepressant compounds.
Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccination Antibody Levels
Authors: Strobel Raymond J. , Narahari Adishesh K. , Rotar Evan P. , Young Andrew M. , Vergales Jeffrey , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Teman Nicholas R. , Kern John A. , Yarboro Leora T. , Kron Irving L. , Nelson Michael R. , Roeser Mark 
Published: August 2023

Background
Adults undergoing heart surgery are particularly vulnerable to respiratory complications, including COVID‐19. Immunization can significantly reduce this risk; however, the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on immunization status is unknown. We sought to evaluate the effect of CPB on COVID‐19 vaccination antibody concentration after cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results

This prospective observational clinical trial evaluated adult participants undergoing cardiac surgery requiring CPB at a single institution. All participants received a full primary COVID‐19 vaccination series before CPB. SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐specific antibody concentrations were measured before CPB (pre‐CPB measurement), 24 hours following CPB (postoperative day 1 measurement), and approximately 1 month following their procedure. Relationships between demographic or surgical variables and change in antibody concentration were assessed via linear regression. A total of 77 participants were enrolled in the study and underwent surgery. Among all participants, mean antibody concentration was significantly decreased on postoperative day 1, relative to pre‐CPB levels (−2091 AU/mL,
P
<0.001). Antibody concentration increased between postoperative day 1and 1 month post CPB measurement (2465 AU/mL,
P
=0.015). Importantly, no significant difference was observed between pre‐CPB and 1 month post CPB concentrations (
P
=0.983). Two participants (2.63%) developed symptomatic COVID‐19 pneumonia postoperatively; 1 case of postoperative COVID‐19 pneumonia resulted in mortality (1.3%).

Conclusions
COVID‐19 vaccine antibody concentrations were significantly reduced in the short‐term following CPB but returned to pre‐CPB levels within 1 month. One case of postoperative COVID 19 pneumonia‐specific mortality was observed. These findings suggest the need for heightened precautions in the perioperative period for cardiac surgery patients.
The Rabbinic Courtroom Oath in Its Roman Context
Authors: Novick Tzvi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this article the argument is made that the rabbinic courtroom oath reflects the influence of Roman law. Despite substantial differences, the rabbinic courtroom oath, like its Roman counterpart, represents, in part, a product of negotiation between the litigants – owed by one party to another; capable of modification at the parties’ discretion, and even of forgiveness; comparable to the litigant-driven process of judicial selection – and an arbitration-like tool for dispute resolution.
Do Political Parties Represent Voters’ Preference? A Clustering Analysis of Korea’s Local Election of 2018
Authors: Lee Hyun-Chool , Repkine Alexandre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We employ the results of a survey conducted on two thousand voters that have participated in Korean local election of 2018 to perform clustering analysis of Korean voters’ preferences. We attempt to test the hypothesis of these preferences being adequately represented by the five major political parties. We find that there was likely a significant mismatch between Korean voters and the five voting camps identified under the assumption of five being an optimal number of the voting clusters. After relaxing this assumption we found that the optimal number of voting camps in Korea is two or three, suggesting that a two or a tri-partite political party system would have been a more adequate match representing Korean voters’ preferences in 2018.
On Counterfactual Reasoning
Authors: Kühl Carl Erik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Counterfactual reasoning has always played a role in human life. We ask questions like, “Could it have been different?,” “Under which conditions might/would it have been different?,” and “What would have happened if … ?” If we do not find an answer, i.e., what we accept as an answer, we may start reasoning. Reasoning means introducing new information or assumptions, new questions, new answers to new questions, and so on. From a formal point of view, reasoning may be compared with moving stepwise toward a destination in a path system without ever achieving an overview of the system. Seen in this way, reasoning is an activity with its own rationale, which must be studied from the agent’s own perspective. This paper explores the following query: Which conditions are necessarily fulfilled when the act of posing a specific question, or of introducing a particular piece of information or assumption, etc., may count as a step toward the answer to the initial question?
An Iterative Approach toward Development of Ensemble Visualization Techniques for High-Impact Winter Weather Hazards: Part I: Product Development
Authors: Radford Jacob T. , Lackmann Gary M. , Goodwin Jean , Correia James , Harnos Kirstin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We applied social science research principles to develop a suite of probabilistic winter weather forecasting visualizations for High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast (HREF) system output. This was achieved through an iterative, dialogic process with U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters to design nine new web-based, interactive products aimed toward improving visualizations of winter weather event magnitudes, characteristics, and timing. These products were influenced by feedback from a preliminary focus group, which emphasized the importance of product credibility, contextualization, and scalability. In a follow-up discussion, winter weather forecasting experts found the event timing products to have the greatest utility due to their association with impact-decision support services (IDSS). Furthermore, forecasters assessed snowfall rates as the most impactful variable rather than snowfall totals and radar reflectivity. The timing products include plots of probabilistic snowfall onset time and duration, rush hour intersection probabilities, and a combination meteogram. The onset and duration plots visualize the ensemble-average onset time and duration of a specified snowfall rate, as demonstrated in previous works, but with the addition of uncertainty information by visualizing the earliest, most likely, and latest potential onset times as well as the shortest, most likely, and longest potential durations. The rush hour product visualizes the probability of exceeding a specified snowfall rate during local commutes, and the combination meteogram allows rapid identification of high-impact periods by encoding probabilities of precipitation, precipitation-type probabilities, and average rates into one graphical tool. Examples of these interactive products are maintained on our companion website: www.visweather.com/bams2023.
Legacies of Survival: Historical Violence and Ethnic Minority Behavior
Authors: Haran Diman Amiad , Miodownik Dan 
Published: August 2023

How is the electoral behavior of minorities shaped by past violence? Recent studies found that displacement increases hostility between perpetrators and displaced individuals, but there has been paltry research on members of surviving communities. We argue that the latter exhibit the opposite pattern because of their different condition. Violence will cause cross-generational vulnerability, fear and risk-aversion—leading the surviving communities to seek protection and avoid conflict by signalling loyalty and rejecting nationalist movements. In their situation as an excluded minority in the perpetrators’ state, they will be more likely to vote for out-group parties. Exploiting exogenous battlefield dynamics that created inter-regional variation in the Palestinian exodus (1947–1949), microlevel measurements that capture the damage of violence, and an original longitudinal data set, we show that Palestinian villages in Israel more severely impacted by the 1948 war have a much higher vote share to Jewish parties even 70 years later. Survey evidence further supports our theory, revealing that this pattern exists only for members of the surviving communities, and not among displaced individuals. The findings shed new light on the complex social relations that guide political decision-making in post-war settings and divided societies that suffer from protracted conflicts.
Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair Reduces but Does Not Avoid Histologic Progression of Osteoarthritis: Randomized In Vivo Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Dzidzishvili Lika , Calvo Emilio , López-Torres Irene Isabel 
Published: August 2023

Background: The optimal treatment option for meniscus root tears is still challenging, and whether the meniscus root repair ultimately can arrest or delay osteoarthritic changes is still a concern. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) to describe and compare histopathologic findings of 3 different therapeutic options for medial meniscus posterior root tear: nonoperative management, partial meniscectomy, and meniscus root repair; and (2) to test the hypothesis that meniscus root tears treated nonoperatively predispose to a lower risk of osteoarthritic progression compared with partial meniscectomy. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Posteromedial meniscus root tears were carried out in 39 New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups: partial meniscectomy after root tear (PM; n = 13), root tears treated conservatively (CT; n = 13), and transtibial root repair (RR; n = 13). Contralateral limbs were used as healthy controls. The animals were euthanized at 16 weeks postoperatively; tissue samples of femoral and tibial articular cartilage were collected and processed for macro- and microscopic assessment to detect signs of early osteoarthritis (OA). Each sample was histopathologically assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International grading and staging system. Results: Osteoarthritic changes were the hallmark in all 3 experimental groups. The RR group had the lowest scores for cartilage damage (mean, 2.5; range, 2-3), and the PM group exhibited higher and more severe signs of OA (mean, 16; range, 9-16) compared with the CT group (mean, 5; range, 4-6). The between-group comparison revealed significant differences, as the PM group showed a significantly higher rate of macro- and microscopic osteoarthritic changes compared with the RR ( P < .001) and CT ( P < .001) groups. The weightbearing area of the medial femoral condyle was the most severely affected, and tidemark disruption was evident in all tissue samples. Conclusion: Meniscus root repair cannot completely arrest the histopathologic progression of knee OA but leads to significantly less severe degenerative changes than partial meniscectomy and nonoperative treatment. Partial meniscectomy leads to the most severe osteoarthritic progression, while stable radial tears left in situ have lower progression compared with partial meniscectomy. Clinical Relevance: Histologic assessment is an essential tool and metric for guiding and understanding osteoarthritic features, providing insight into the disease development and progression. This study provides histopathologic evidence on osteoarthritic progression after medial meniscus posterior root repair. This knowledge can help to set more realistic expectations and can lead to the future development of augmented techniques.