bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Localization of Two Enzymes at Pickering Emulsion Droplet Interfaces for Cascade Reactions
Authors: Li Ke , Zou Houbing , Ettelaie Rammile , Zhang Jingxia , Yang Hengquan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeveloping biocatalytic cascades in abiological conditions is of utmost significance, but such processes often suffer from low reaction efficiency because of incompatible reaction environments and suppressed intermediate transportation. Herein we report a new type of biocatalytic cascade by localizing two different enzymes separately in the outer and inner interfacial layers of Pickering emulsion droplets. This versatile approach enables the localization of two enzymes in their preferred reaction microenvironments and simultaneously in nanoscale proximity of each other. The thus‐designed interfacial biocatalytic cascades show outstanding catalytic efficiency in alkene epoxidation and thioether oxidation with in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide under mild conditions, 6.9–13.6 times higher than the catalytic efficiency of the free enzymes in solution and their multi‐enzymatic counterparts. The remarkable interfacial effect of Pickering droplets was found to be responsible for the significantly enhanced cascading efficiency.
Hair, there and everywhere: A comparison of bat wing sensory hair distribution
Authors: Rummel Andrea D. , Sierra Melissa M. , Quinn Brooke L. , Swartz Sharon M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBat wing membranes are composed of specialized skin that is covered with small sensory hairs which are likely mechanosensory and have been suggested to help bats sense airflow during flight. These sensory hairs have to date been studied in only a few of the more than 1,400 bat species around the world. Little is known about the diversity of the sensory hair network across the bat phylogeny. In this study, we use high‐resolution photomicrographs of preserved bat wings from 17 species in 12 families to characterize the distribution of sensory hairs along the wing and among species. We identify general patterns of sensory hair distribution across species, including the apparent relationships of sensory hairs to intramembranous wing muscles, the network of connective tissues in the wing membrane, and the bones of the forelimb. We also describe distinctive clustering of these sensory structures in some species. We also quantified sensory hair density in several regions of interest in the propatagium, plagiopatagium, and dactylopagatia, finding that sensory hair density was higher proximally than distally. This examination of the anatomical organization of the sensory hair network in a comparative context provides a framework for existing research on sensory hair function and highlights avenues for further research.
Progression patterns and site‐specific responses in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with nivolumab
Authors: Kadono Toru , Iwasa Satoru , Nagashima Kengo , Oshima Kotoe , Yamamoto Shun , Hirano Hidekazu , Okita Natsuko , Shoji Hirokazu , Honma Yoshitaka , Takashima Atsuo , Kato Ken , Ushijima Toshikazu , Boku Narikazu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reportedly varies among metastatic sites and progression patterns (classified as systemic progression [SP] or mixed progression [MP]), the clinical efficacy of ICIs against gastric cancer remains unclear. The response to nivolumab depending on metastatic site and clinical outcomes according to progression pattern in patients with advanced gastric cancer was investigated retrospectively.MethodsSeventy‐four advanced gastric cancer patients with measurable lesions who received nivolumab monotherapy between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival, response at each metastatic site, and clinical outcomes according to progression pattern were analyzed retrospectively. SP and MP were defined as progression in more than half of the lesions and progression in half or fewer of the lesions, respectively, in cases evaluated as progressive disease.ResultsThirty‐five (47%) and 27 (36%) patients had SP and MP, respectively, and 12 (16%) patients experienced no progression. The progression rates of target lesions in the lung (44%) and liver (57%) were significantly higher than that in the lymph nodes (18%) (lung vs. lymph node, p < 0.001; liver vs. lymph node, p = 0.03). Patients with MP had superior PFS to those with SP (median, 2.6 vs. 1.5 months; HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.76; p = 0.004). In MP group, patients with treatment beyond progression (TBP) with nivolumab had a trend of longer post‐progression survival than those without TBP (median, 8.0 vs. 4.0 months; HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.23–1.29; p = 0.161).ConclusionPatients with MP had a longer PFS than those with SP. Lung and liver metastases had a poorer response to an ICI than lymph node metastases.
Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Long‐Chain Oligosaccharides for Studying Xylan‐Modifying Enzymes
Authors: Álvarez‐Martínez Ignacio , Ruprecht Colin , Senf Deborah , Wang Hsin‐tzu , Urbanowicz Breeanna R. , Pfrengle Fabian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlant research is hampered in several aspects by a lack of pure oligosaccharide samples that closely represent structural features of cell wall glycans. An alternative to purely chemical synthesis to access these oligosaccharides is chemo‐enzymatic synthesis using glycosynthases. These enzymes enable the ligation of oligosaccharide donors, when activated for example as α‐glycosyl fluorides, with suitable acceptor oligosaccharides. Herein, the synthesis of xylan oligosaccharides up to dodecasaccharides is reported, with glycosynthase‐mediated coupling reactions as key steps. The xylo‐oligosaccharide donors were protected at the non‐reducing end with a 4‐O‐tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group to prevent polymerization. Installation of an unnatural 3‐O‐methylether substituent at the reducing end xylose of the oligosaccharides ensured good water solubility. Biochemical assays demonstrated enzymatic activity for the xylan acetyltransferase XOAT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, xylan arabinofuranosyl‐transferase XAT3 enzymes from rice and switchgrass, and the xylan glucuronosyltransferase GUX3 from Arabidopsis thaliana. In case of the glucuronosyltransferase GUX3, MALDI‐MS/MS analysis of the reaction product suggested that a single glucuronosyl substituent was installed primarily at the central xylose residues of the dodecasaccharide acceptor, demonstrating the value of long‐chain acceptors for assaying biosynthetic glycosyltransferases.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Like MA3Bi2I9 for Photo‐Catalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Raza Waseem , Kumar Praveen , Khan Mohd Quasim , Alsalme Ali , Kim Haekyoung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, a highly air stable and eco‐friendly methyl ammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9) perovskite‐like material has been prepared. After physiochemical characterizations, the synthesized MA3Bi2I9 was utilized as photo‐catalyst towards hydrogen production. It is important to design and synthesize lead (Pb)‐free perovskite‐like material (MA3Bi2I9) for photo‐catalytic hydrogen‐production applications. The synthesized MA3Bi2I9 exhibits excellent photo‐catalytic hydrogen generation with a production rate of 11.43 μmolg−1 h−1. In the presence of a platinum co‐catalyst, the hydrogen production rate further increases to 172.44 μmolg−1 h−1. The MA3Bi2I9 photo‐catalyst also demonstrates excellent cyclic stability.
Colorimetric evaluation of 3D printing polymers exposed to accelerated aging for Cultural Heritage applications
Authors: Higueras María , Collado‐Montero Francisco José , Medina Víctor Jesús 
Published: February 2023

Abstract3D printing has become a widespread technology that allows the creation of physical objects from different materials. The conservation and restoration of Cultural Heritage field has recently introduced this technology as a complement to its traditional methods. However, the main concern in the application of 3D printing in this context is the long‐term behavior of the materials used. The key objective of this research was the identification of the suitability of 3D printing filaments for conservation purposes. The methodology followed in this study consisted of a selection of 13 3D printing filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technologies, which were tested and exposed to an accelerated aging procedure. In order to classify and recommend the materials that present better results, the properties of color, the glossiness, the pH and the Volatile Organic Compounds emission were investigated. This paper collects the results of the analyses carried out, focusing discussion on the colorimetric behavior. The results demonstrate the usefulness of some of the materials studied, highlighting the performance of EP as one of the most stable and reliable materials while Flex is one of the most changeable ones in the Cultural Heritage context. Even though this research provides an overview of the aging of the materials studied, further analyses should be performed to understand the chemical composition and its behavior when exposed to a long‐lasting aging process.
Further validation of the Multidimensional Version of the Fear‐of‐Self Questionnaire in a Persian non‐clinical and clinical obsessive–compulsive disorder sample
Authors: Sharifi Bastan Farangis , Aardema Frederick , Khosravani Vahid , Samimi Ardestani Seyed Mehdi , Wong Shiu Fung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrevious research has shown that vulnerable self‐themes and feared self‐perceptions may play an important role in the development and maintenance of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In particular, the recently validated Multidimensional Version of the Fear‐of‐Self Questionnaire (FSQ‐MV) has shown strong relationships with OCD symptoms independent of cognitive constructs and negative mood in non‐clinical samples. The current study aimed to further evaluate the validity and reliability of a Persian version of the FSQ‐MV in OCD patients (N = 300), as well as non‐clinical individuals (N = 300). Participants completed a set of scales evaluating feared self‐perceptions and OCD‐related symptoms/conditions. The results showed that the Persian version of the FSQ‐MV replicated the three‐factor structure of the original scale in non‐clinical and OCD patients. The FSQ‐MV and its subscales had excellent reliability. Additionally, the FSQ‐MV was significantly associated with related cognitive constructs, as well as OCD symptoms and their severity, in both samples. The feared self, especially the corrupted feared self, was a significant unique predictor of OC symptomology, especially for repugnant obsessions, and OCD severity. The study confirmed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the FSQ‐MV. Moreover, cognitive conceptualizations may benefit from a consideration of the feared self in OCD, which may play an important role in its development, maintenance and severity.
Warfarin‐Rifampin‐Gene (WARIF‐G) Interaction: A Retrospective, Genetic, Case–Control Study
Authors: Salem Muhammad , El‐Bardissy Ahmed , Elshafei Mohamed Nabil , Khalil Ahmed , Mahmoud Hesham , Fahmi Amr Mohamed , Kasem Mohamed , Bader Loulia , Sherbash Mohamed , Elawady Mostafa Ibrahim , Abdalazim Walaa , Howady Faraj , Elewa Hazem 
Published: February 2023

Warfarin is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Concomitant use with the potent CYP2C9 inducer, rifampin, requires close monitoring and dosage adjustments. Although, in theory, warfarin dose increase should overcome this interaction, most reported cases over the last 50 years have not responded even to high warfarin doses, but some have responded to modest doses. To investigate the genetic polymorphisms' impact on this unexplained interpatient variability, we performed genotyping of CYP2C9, VKORC1, and CYP4F2 for warfarin and rifampin concomitant receivers from 2016 to 2022 at Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. We identified and included 36 patients: 22 responders and 14 nonresponders. Warfarin‐responders were significantly more likely to have one or more warfarin‐sensitizing CYP2C9/VKORC1 alleles than nonresponders (odds ratio = 23.2, 95% confidence interval = 3.2–195.6; P = 0.0001). The mean genetic‐based pre‐interaction calculated dose was significantly lower for responders than for nonresponders (P < 0.001); and was negatively correlated with warfarin sensitivity index (WSI) (r = −0.58; P = 0.0002). The median percentage time in therapeutic range and mean WSI were significantly higher in the warfarin‐sensitizing CYP2C9/VKORC1 alleles carriers than noncarriers (P = 0.017 and 0.0004, respectively). Whereas the warfarin‐sensitizing CYP2C9/VKORC1 genotypes were associated with modest on‐rifampin warfarin dose requirements, the noncarriers would have required more than double these doses to respond. Warfarin‐sensitizing CYP2C9/VKORC1 genotypes and low genetic‐based warfarin calculated doses were associated with higher warfarin sensitivity and better anticoagulation quality in patients receiving rifampin concomitantly.
Transgene by germplasm interactions can impact transgene evaluation
Authors: Linares Julien F. , Coles Nathan D. , Mo Hua , Habben Jeff E. , Humbert Sabrina , Messina Carlos , Tang Tom , Cooper Mark , Gho Carla , Carrasco Ricardo , Carter Javier , Flounders Jillian Wicher , Brummer E. Charles 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransgenes have been successfully commercialized for qualitatively inherited insect and herbicide resistance traits that show similar effects across genetic backgrounds. However, for quantitative traits like yield, genetic background may affect the measured transgene value. In this paper, we evaluated whether different genetic backgrounds impact the estimated value of a transgene for grain yield, plant height, and anthesis‐silking interval for maize by developing isogenic pairs of lines with and without a transgene and testing them in hybrid combination with non‐transgenic lines from a complementary heterotic group across eleven environments in the United States. Over all hybrid combinations, the transgene increased yield by 0.2 Mg ha−1. Across multiple non‐transgenic lines of the opposing heterotic group, the transgene effect within a line pair ranged from an increase of 0.8 Mg ha−1 for the NSS4 (non‐stiff stalk) and SS7 (stiff stalk) transgenic lines to a reduction of 0.3 Mg ha−1 for the NSS5 transgenic line when compared to their non‐transgenic isoline. Transgenic hybrids were often taller than non‐transgenic hybrids (p < 0.05). Anthesis to silking interval was reduced by four growing degree days overall, but no transgene × genotype interaction was detected among line pairs. Our results show the importance of testing transgene efficacy across a large sample of elite hybrid pairs to assess the gene's value. By only testing in a specific hybrid background, as may be done for qualitative traits like insect resistance, transgenes could be erroneously advanced or eliminated.
Machine learning approach to stratify complex heterogeneity of chronic heart failure: A report from the CHART‐2 study
Authors: Nakano Kenji , Nochioka Kotaro , Yasuda Satoshi , Tamori Daito , Shiroto Takashi , Sato Yudai , Takaya Eichi , Miyata Satoshi , Kawakami Eiryo , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Ueda Takuya , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsCurrent approaches to classify chronic heart failure (HF) subpopulations may be limited due to the diversity of pathophysiology and co‐morbidities in chronic HF. We aimed to elucidate the clusters of chronic patients with HF by data‐driven approaches with machine learning in a hospital‐based registry.Methods and resultsA total of 4649 patients with a broad spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the CHART‐2 (Chronic Heart Failure Analysis and Registry in the Tohoku District‐2) study were enrolled to this study. Chronic HF patients were classified using random forest clustering with 56 multiscale clinical parameters. We assessed the influence of the clusters on cardiovascular death, non‐cardiovascular death, all‐cause death, and free from hospitalization by HF. Latent class analysis using random forest clustering identified 10 clusters with four primary components: cardiac function (LVEF, left atrial and ventricular diameters, diastolic blood pressure, and brain natriuretic peptide), renal function (glomerular filtration rate and blood urea nitrogen), anaemia (red blood cell, haematocrit, haemoglobin, and platelet count), and nutrition (albumin and body mass index). All 11 significant clinical parameters in the four primary components and two disease aetiologies (ischaemic heart disease and valvular heart disease) showed statistically significant differences among the 10 clusters (P < 0.01). Cluster 1 (26.7% of patients), which is characterized by preserved LVEF (<59%, 37% of the total) with lowest brain natriuretic peptide (>111.3 pg/mL, 0.9%) and lowest left atrial diameter (>42 mm, 37.4%), showed the best 5 year survival rate of 98.1% for cardiovascular death, 95.9% for non‐cardiovascular death, 92.9% for all‐cause death, and 91.7% for free from hospitalization by HF. Cluster 10 (6.0% of the total), which is co‐morbid disorders of all four primary components, showed the worst survival rate of 39.1% for cardiovascular death, 68.9% for non‐cardiovascular death, 23.9% for all‐cause death, and 28.1% for free from hospitalization by HF.ConclusionsThese results suggest the potential applicability of the machine leaning approach, providing useful clinical prognostic information to stratify complex heterogeneity in patients with HF.
Comparing emulation methods for a high‐resolution storm surge model
Authors: Hutchings Grant , Sansó Bruno , Gattiker James , Francom Devin , Pasqualini Donatella 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRealistic simulations of complex systems are fundamental for climate and environmental studies. Large computer systems are often not sufficient to run sophisticated computational models for large numbers of different input settings. Statistical surrogate models, or emulators, are key tools enabling fast exploration of the simulator input space. Gaussian processes have become standard for computer simulator emulation. However, they require careful implementation to scale appropriately, motivating alternative methods more recently introduced. We present a comparison study of surrogates of the Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) simulator—the simulator of choice for government agencies—using four emulation approaches: BASS; BART; SEPIA; and RobustGaSP. SEPIA and RobustGaSP use Gaussian processes, BASS implements adaptive splines, and BART is based on ensembles of regression trees. We describe the four models and compare them in terms of computation time and predictive metrics. These surrogates use proven and distinct methodologies, are available through accessible software, and quantify prediction uncertainty. Our data cover millions of response values. We find that SEPIA and RobustGaSP provide exceptional predictive power, but cannot scale to emulate experiments as large as the one considered in this paper as effectively as BASS and BART.
Erfahrungen beim Tunnelbau in durchlässigem glazialen Lockergestein: offener Kies
Authors: Steiner Walter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlacial soil deposits are present in Europe on both sides of the Alps, in Scandinavia, Northern Germany, Poland and in North America. There are typical names of the stages of the glaciation, however, the geotechnical characteristics of glacial deposits are similar in all regions; but are very heterogeneous locally. Glacial deposits extend from boulders to invisible silt particle (rock flour) and to clay particles, both of similar grain size. In this paper the focus will be on clean gravel without fines, so‐called open gravel and the challenges and solutions for tunnelling.Face support by pure bentonite slurry is insufficient in open gravel. Different techniques have been used in practice: clogging the pore channels with fines of appropriate gradation by controlling the content fines in the slurry. Use of high viscous slurry with increased clay or bentonite content. In another solution lime powder and polymers were added in the excavation chamber of an earth‐pressure shield to modify the ground. Other aspects such as muck disposal will be evaluated.
EPB tunnelling in long, highly sensitive sections – The experience of Grand Paris Line 14 underpassing the Orly Airport
Authors: Fantini Paolo , Calderon Miranda Javier , Dell‘Ava Gabriele , Flor Alberto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe correct definition and application of face confinement pressure is one of the main challenges for urban tunnels, where soil perturbation can affect the surrounding structures with undesirable or even severe consequences. The choice of this parameter needs to comply not only with minimal geotechnical performances, such as volume loss control, water pressure balance, and front stability, but also with optimization criteria (impact on production rate and Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) components wear). The Grand Paris Line 14 South tunnel has emphasized this concept especially on the 1.5 km section below the Orly International Airport, with two constraints: the limitation of deformations on sensitive airport structures and the tight schedule due to the Olympic Games of 2024. The 8.83 m‐diameter Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) TBM ‘Koumba’ successfully performed the excavation at 20 m depth. The design face pressure profile, varying between 0.8 and 2.6 bar, was studied. A complex monitoring system was also provided to validate design expectations and to update the TBM‐soil interaction prediction model. This article focuses on the experience acquired on the EPB face confinement pressure management along this long, highly sensitive section. The first part presents the comparison between reference values and thresholds given by the designer and the real TBM drive oscillation. The second part is dedicated to the observed influence of the face pressure on the geotechnical aspect, machine mechanical parameters, and production rates.
Modulation of Schwann cell homeostasis by the BAP1 deubiquitinase
Authors: Duong Phu , Ramesh Raghu , Schneider Andrew , Won Seongsik , Cooper Aaron J. , Svaren John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSchwann cell programming during myelination involves transcriptional networks that activate gene expression but also repress genes that are active in neural crest/embryonic differentiation of Schwann cells. We previously found that a Schwann cell‐specific deletion of the EED subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC2) led to inappropriate activation of many such genes. Moreover, some of these genes become re‐activated in the pro‐regenerative response of Schwann cells to nerve injury, and we found premature activation of the nerve injury program in a Schwann cell‐specific knockout of Eed. Polycomb‐associated histone modifications include H3K27 trimethylation formed by PRC2 and H2AK119 monoubiquitination (H2AK119ub1), deposited by Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). We recently found dynamic regulation of H2AK119ub1 in Schwann cell genes after injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that H2AK119 deubiquitination modulates the dynamic polycomb repression of genes involved in Schwann cell maturation. To determine the role of H2AK119 deubiquitination, we generated a Schwann cell‐specific knockout of the H2AK119 deubiquitinase Bap1 (BRCA1‐associated protein). We found that loss of Bap1 causes tomacula formation, decreased axon diameters and eventual loss of myelinated axons. The gene expression changes are accompanied by redistribution of H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3 modifications to extragenic sites throughout the genome. BAP1 interacts with OGT in the PR‐DUB complex, and our data suggest that the PR‐DUB complex plays a multifunctional role in repression of the injury program. Overall, our results indicate Bap1 is required to restrict the spread of polycomb‐associated histone modifications in Schwann cells and to promote myelin homeostasis in peripheral nerve.