bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, risk factors and impact of cachexia on patient outcome: Results from the Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study
Authors: Shukuya Takehito , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Shintani Yasushi , Miura Keita , Sekine Ikuo , Takayama Koichi , Inoue Akira , Okamoto Isamu , Kiura Katsuyuki , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Miyaoka Etsuo , Yoshino Ichiro , Date Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is a syndrome that does not fully recover with nutritional support and causes appetite loss and body weight loss. It worsens a patient's quality of life and prognosis. In this study, the epidemiology of cachexia in lung cancer, its risk factors and its impact on chemotherapy response rate and prognosis were examined using the national database of the Japan Lung Cancer Society. Understanding these things related to cancer cachexia is important as a starting point in overcoming cancer cachexia in patients with lung cancer.MethodsIn 2012, 12 320 patients from 314 institutions in Japan were registered in a nationwide registry database (Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study). Of these, data on body weight loss within 6 months were available for 8489 patients. We defined the patients with body weight loss ≥ 5% within 6 months, which is one of the three criteria listed in the 2011 international consensus definition of cancer cachexia, as cachectic in this study.ResultsApproximately 20.4% of the 8489 patients had cancer cachexia. Sex, age, smoking history, emphysema, performance status, superior vena cava syndrome, clinical stage, site of metastasis, histology, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status, primary treatment method and serum albumin levels were significantly different between patients with and without cachexia. Logistic analyses showed that smoking history, emphysema, clinical stage, site of metastasis, histology, EGFR mutation, serum calcium and albumin levels were significantly associated with cancer cachexia. The response to initial therapy, including chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy, was significantly poorer in the patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia (response rate: 49.7% vs. 41.5%, P < 0.001). Overall survival was significantly shorter in the patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia in both univariate and multivariable analyses (1‐year survival rate: 60.7% vs. 37.6%, Cox proportional hazards model, hazard ratio: 1.369, 95% confidence interval: 1.274–1.470, P < 0.001).ConclusionsCancer cachexia was seen in approximately one fifth of the lung cancer patients and was related to some baseline patient characteristics. It was also associated with a poor response to initial treatment, resulting in poor prognosis. The results of our study may be useful for early identification and intervention in patients with cachexia, which may improve their response to treatment and their prognosis.
Mapping the performance of photobioreactors for microalgae cultivation. Part III: subtropical and mid‐latitudes climate zone
Authors: Dias Rosangela R. , da Silva Patricia A. , Deprá Mariany C. , Deprá Bruno , Wagner Roger , Zepka Leila Q. , Jacob‐Lopes Eduardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIdentifying geographic locations with favorable climates for large‐scale openwork microalgae cultivation is a trend. In light of that, what we propose in this study is to map the performance of photobioreactors for microalgae culture in the subtropical (25° to 35° N and S) and mid‐latitudes (35° to 55° N and S) climate zones. Twenty geographic locations were chosen to represent 14 types of climates in the four seasons of the year. The study is a latitudinal, climatological and seasonal assessment.RESULTSThe results showed that the subtropical climatic zone presents better conditions for microalgae growth with higher levels of biomass productivity and lipid productivity. The highest annual average biomass productivity (0.210 g L−1  d−1) and annual average lipid productivity (0.025 g L−1  d−1) were recorded in a simulation of hot desert climate (BWh). The winter season presents a minor potential for microalgae cultivation.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study shed light on the impact of subtropical and mid‐latitudes climate zone and seasons of the year on the performance of photoautotrophic microalgae‐based processes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Differentiation of the composting stages of green waste using the CIELAB color model
Authors: Tsivas Dimosthenis , Vlyssides Apostolos , Vlysidis Anestis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCIELAB color variables can be used to monitor a composting process and evaluate the maturity of the compost with a new, rapid, easy, and low‐cost colorimetric analysis. However, to date there are no available data to support the ability of CIELAB color changes to depict the different stages of a composting procedure. This study aims to examine the correlation of CIELAB color variables with composting time to elucidate how color changes can be used to detect the different stages of a composting process. Two green waste industrial scale composting processes with different added materials were monitored using typical physicochemical and CIELAB color analyses.RESULTSDuring composting, color variables a*, b*, C*, and ΔΕ* exhibited fluctuations following a constant variation trend that correlated with each composting phase. This behavior depicts the transformation of the organic composition of compost, as described by Organic Carbon (OC), Carbon‐to‐Nitrogen ratio (C/N), Humic Acids (HA), and Fulvic Acids (FA). Moreover, color variables a*, b*, and C* showed strong relationships with OC, C/N, and HA/FA (R2 > 0.83) and with HA (R2 > 0.74). These results indicate that CIELAB color change follows the same general pattern for each composting procedure that utilizes the same main composting substrate, regardless of any differing additional materials.CONCLUSIONMonitoring the CIELAB color variables made it possible to depict the different phases of composting, especially the transformation of the organic composition of the compost. Accurately monitoring CIELAB color variables distinguishes the different stages of a composting process through a rapid analysis at radically reduced costs compared to complex physicochemical analyses. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Preen gland of the laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca): Light and electron microscopic analysis
Authors: Madkour Fatma A. , Choudhary Om Prakash , Kandyel Ramadan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work reviews the microscopic anatomy of the preen gland in laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca) using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The gland possessed two large pea‐shaped lobes. The glandular lobules of each lobe were huddled in elliptical, triangle, round shapes, connected with each other by strands of connective tissue septae. The lobule was composed of glandular follicles, each follicle folded and enclosed by a sheath of connective tissue connected with the neighboring ones by interfollicular septae. The gland's parenchyma was coated with a dense connective tissue capsule composed of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The secretory tubules were divided into peripheral tubules and central tubules. The central ones were located close to the major cavity and lined with thin epithelium, whereas the peripheral tubules were adjacent to the capsule and characterized by taller epithelium. The central secretory tubules were lined with four cell layers: flattened basal, large‐sized polyhedral intermediate, and secretory cell layers, as well as a degenerative cells layer that formed of small cells with pale cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Variable sizes and shapes of Herbst corpuscles were detected alongside the papillary duct and near the glandular lobe. Transmission electron microscopy view revealed that the cytoplasm of the intermediate cells contained a dense population of mitochondria, while the secretory and degenerative cells contained fewer mitochondria. In conclusion, these structures will be beneficial for understanding the habitat differences of laughing doves.Research Highlights
Grossly, the preen gland (PG) of the laughing dove formed of two large pea‐shaped lobes.
The glandular lobule was composed of glandular follicles, each follicle was folded and enclosed by a sheath of connective tissue connected with the neighboring ones by interfollicular septae.
The central secretory tubules were lined with four cell layers: basal, intermediate, secretory, and degenerative cell layers.
Variable sizes and shapes of Herbst corpuscles were detected alongside the papillary duct and near the glandular lobe of the PG.
In transmission electron microscopic analysis, the cytoplasm of the intermediate cells contained a dense population of mitochondria, while the secretory and degenerative cells contained fewer mitochondria.
Biochar as a negative emission technology: A synthesis of field research on greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Shrestha Raj K. , Jacinthe Pierre‐Andre , Lal Rattan , Lorenz Klaus , Singh Maninder P. , Demyan Scott M. , Ren Wei , Lindsey Laura E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiochar is one of the few nature‐based technologies with potential to help achieve net‐zero emissions agriculture. Such an outcome would involve the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from agroecosystems and optimization of soil organic carbon sequestration. Interest in biochar application is heightened by its several co‐benefits. Several reviews summarized past investigations on biochar, but these reviews mostly included laboratory, greenhouse, and mesocosm experiments. A synthesis of field studies is lacking, especially from a climate change mitigation standpoint. Our objectives are to (1) synthesize advances in field‐based studies that have examined the GHG mitigation capacity of soil application of biochar and (2) identify limitations of the technology and research priorities. Field studies, published before 2022, were reviewed. Biochar has variable effects on GHG emissions, ranging from decrease, increase, to no change. Across studies, biochar reduced emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) by 18% and methane (CH4) by 3% but increased carbon dioxide (CO2) by 1.9%. When biochar was combined with N‐fertilizer, it reduced CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in 61%, 64%, and 84% of the observations, and biochar plus other amendments reduced emissions in 78%, 92%, and 85% of the observations, respectively. Biochar has shown potential to reduce GHG emissions from soils, but long‐term studies are needed to address discrepancies in emissions and identify best practices (rate, depth, and frequency) of biochar application to agricultural soils.
Genomic analysis of cervical carcinoma identifies Alpelisib as a therapeutic option for PIK3CA‐mutant cervical carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wei Ye , Lin Shitong , Zhi Wenhua , Chu Tian , Liu Binghan , Peng Ting , Xu Miaochun , Ding Wencheng , Cao Canhui , Wu Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCervical carcinoma is a serious type of gynecological cancer that can affect women of all ages. Cervical carcinoma presents challenges for precision medicine, as not all tumors have specific gene mutations or alterations that can be targeted with existing drugs. Nonetheless, there are some promising targets in cervical carcinoma. Herein, genomic mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer were used to identify genomic targets for cervical carcinoma. PIK3CA was the most mutant gene among the promising targets, especially in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and the mutated genes of cervical carcinoma were enriched in the RTK/PI3K/MAPK and Hippo pathways. In vitro, PIK3CA‐mutant cervical cancer cell lines showed higher sensitivity to Alpelisib than cancer cells without the PIK3CA mutation and the normal cells (HCerEpic). Protein–protein networks and co‐immunoprecipitation of PIK3CA revealed reduced interaction between p110α and ATR in PIK3CA‐mutant cervical cancer cells, which were sensitive to the combination of Alpelisib and cisplatin in vivo. Furthermore, Alpelisib significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of PIK3CA‐mutant cervical cancer cells via inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, Alpelisib showed antitumor effects and enhance cisplatin efficacy in PIK3CA‐mutant cervical cancer cells via PI3K/AKT pathways. Our study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Alpelisib in PIK3CA‐mutant cervical carcinoma, which provides insights into precision medicine in cervical carcinoma.
Trends of global burden related to HBV and HCV from 1990 to 2019: An age–period–cohort analysis
Authors: Wu Bin , Tobe Ruoyan Gai , Yan Mengxia , Lin Houwen , Zhou Hua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe spread of disease related to Hepatitis B and C poses a significant public health problem. There have been a few studies that examine the effects of cohort and period on the trend of mortality caused by Hepatitis B and C. This analysis aims to use an age–period–cohort (APC) framework to explore trends in mortality attributed to Hepatitis B and C worldwide and in different socio‐demographic index (SDI) regions between 1990 and 2019. The data for this analysis were taken from the Global Burden of Disease study, which was used to perform an APC analysis. The age effects reflect differences in exposure to risk factors at different stages of life. The period effects reflect population‐wide exposures at a circumscribed year. The cohort effects indicate different risks across birth cohorts. The results of the analysis include both the net drift and local drift, which are reported as the annual percentage change and that by age group. The age‐standardized mortality rate for Hepatitis B declined from 12.36 to 6.74 per 100 000, and for Hepatitis C from 8.45 to 6.67 per 100 000 between 1990 and 2019. The net drifts in mortality were −2.41% (95% confidence interval (CI) −2.47 to −2.34) for Hepatitis B and −1.16% (95% CI, −1.23 to –1.09) for Hepatitis C, with negative local drifts in most age groups. Mortality from Hepatitis B increased with age until 50+ years, while mortality from Hepatitis C rose steadily with age. The period effect for Hepatitis B was profound, suggesting effective national efforts in controlling the disease and the need for similar programs for Hepatitis B and C. Mortality varied across the world and had moderate to weak negative correlations with the SDI, which substantially decreases in the high‐middle and middle SDI regions, but has persistently high rates in the low SDI region. Global efforts to manage Hepatitis B and C have shown positive trends, but variations in trends were observed across regions with divergent age, cohort, and period effects. The national efforts of a comprehensive strategy are crucial to further strengthen the elimination of Hepatitis B and C.
Association between the environmental quality index and textbook outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: Shaikh Chanza F. , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Munir Muhammad Musaab , Moazzam Zorays , Endo Yutaka , Alaimo Laura , Azap Lovette , Yang Jason , Katayama Erryk , Lima Henrique A. , Dawood Zaiba , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundQuality of cancer care received by individuals may be influenced by environmental factors resulting in inequalities within the healthcare system. We sought to investigate the association between the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and achievement of textbook outcomes (TOs) among Medicare beneficiaries who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsPatients diagnosed with CRC from 2004 to 2015 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database and merged with the US Environmental Protection Agency's EQI data. A high EQI category indicated poor environmental quality, whereas a low EQI indicated better environmental conditions.ResultsAmong 40 939 patients, 33 699 (82.3%) were diagnosed with colon cancer, 7240 (17.7%) were diagnosed with rectal cancer, and 652 (1.6%) were diagnosed with both cancers. Median age was 76 years old (interquartile range: 70–82 years) with roughly half of patients being female (n = 22 033, 53.8%). Most patients self‐reported as White (n = 32 404, 79.2%) and resided in the West region of the United States (n = 20 308, 49.6%). On multivariable analysis, patients residing in high EQI areas were less likely to achieve TO (referent: low EQI; odds ratio [OR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.89–0.99; p = 0.02). Of note, Black patients living in moderate‐to‐high EQI counties had a 31% decreased likelihood of reaching a TO compared with White patients in low EQI counties (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55–0.87).ConclusionPatients residing in high EQI counties and Black race were associated with a lower likelihood of TO following resection of CRC among Medicare patients. Environmental factors may be important contributors to health care disparities and affect postoperative outcomes following CRC resection.
A nationwide propensity score analysis comparing ablation and resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rasic Gordana , de Geus Susanna W. L. , Beaulieu‐Jones Brendin , Kasumova Gyulnara G. , Kent Tara S. , Ng Sing Chau , McAneny David , Tseng Jennifer F. , Sachs Teviah E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStudies have reported ambiguous results regarding the efficacy of ablation for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study compared outcomes of ablation versus resection for HCC ≤50 mm to identify tumor sizes that would most benefit from ablation in terms of long‐term survival.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients with stage I and II HCC ≤50 mm who underwent ablation or resection (2004−2018). Three cohorts were created based on tumor size: ≤20, 21−30, and 31−50 mm. A propensity score‐matched survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan−Meier method.ResultsIn total, 36.47% (n = 4263) and 63.53% (n = 7425) of patients underwent resection and ablation, respectively. After matching, resection was associated with a significant survival benefit compared to ablation (3‐year survival: 78.13% vs. 67.64%; p < 0.0001) in patients with HCC of ≤20 mm. The impact of resection was even more striking among patients with HCC of 21−30 mm (3‐year survival: 77.88% vs. 60.53%; p < 0.0001) and 31−50 mm (3‐year survival: 67.21% vs. 48.55%; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsWhile resection offers a survival benefit over ablation in the treatment of early‐stage HCC ≤50 mm, ablation may provide a feasible bridging strategy in patients awaiting transplantation.
Recent gully erosion intensity in an agricultural landscape underlain by fluvioglacial sediments (NE Czechia)
Authors: Tichavský Radek , Polášková Lucie , Galia Tomáš 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInappropriate agricultural management practices combined with intense rainfall often lead to gully erosion. Knowledge of the causes and consequences of past erosion pulses is essential not only for farmers to improve land management, but also for municipalities to define infrastructure threats associated with material transport. This study comprehensively evaluates accelerated gully erosion and estimates gully transport capacity in fluvioglacial sediments left by a Pleistocene ice sheet in northeastern Czechia. Geomorphic mapping of an area of approximately 2 km2 revealed gullies up to 3.5 m wide and deep, with their heads starting at the boundaries of fields and pastures. The ground‐penetrating radar survey confirmed the presence of soil pipes contributing to gully formation due to unmaintained field drainage combined with the natural occurrence of soil pipes. Microscopic analysis and dendrogeomorphic dating of 102 cross‐sections from 28 exposed tree roots revealed 18 years of gully incision since 1985, with increased activity from 2007 to 2014. The mean incision rates ranged between 1–20 cm/year, but could reach 1 m during individual events. More intensive incisions were typical for soils with higher smectite content. The last severe erosion event in 2014 caused clogging of culverts and damage to infrastructure by transporting boulders up to 34 cm in diameter at critical flow velocities of 2.4–2.8 ms−1. Considering the predominance of human‐induced factors (e.g., current soil compaction due to grazing and failure to maintain the drainage pipe outlets), ongoing gully erosion can be expected during intense rainfall events unless appropriate agricultural or stabilization measures are addressed.
Effects of carbon addition on Ti–Al–Si coatings synthesized by self‐generated gradient hot‐dipping infiltration method
Authors: Shi Dongming , Zhu Runkun , Xu Tongli , Kolawole Sharafadeen K. , Chen Junxiu , Liu Ya , Su Xuping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effects of carbon addition on the microstructure and oxidation resistance of Ti–Al–Si coatings synthesized by the self‐generated gradient hot‐dipping infiltration method were studied. The microstructure, phase structure, as well as composition of the coating, were observed by using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer. It was found that when carbon was added into the Al‐SiO2 system, the coating was composed of L‐(Al,Si) phase and Ti(Al,Si)3 phase. The thickness of the Ti(Al,Si)3 phase layer increased along with the dipping time. The cycle oxidation tests at 900°C for 160 h showed that the weight gains of the coating samples were only 8.1% of that of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples. This result indicates that the coatings remarkably enhanced the oxidation resistance of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, which could be ascribed to two reasons: (1) the mixed oxidation zone of Al2O3, Ti(Al,Si)3, and Ti5Si3 on top of the oxidized coating could act as a barrier to retard the diffusion of oxygen to the substrate; and (2) several new phase layers (Ti3Al, TiAl, and Ti5Si3 + TiAl2) near the substrate during oxidation could reduce the cracks at the bottom of the oxidized coating.
Therapeutic potential of salicylamide derivatives for combating viral infections
Authors: Xu Jimin , Xue Yu , Bolinger Andrew A. , Li Jun , Zhou Mingxiang , Chen Haiying , Li Hongmin , Zhou Jia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince time immemorial human beings have constantly been fighting against viral infections. The ongoing and devastating coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represents one of the most severe and most significant public health emergencies in human history, highlighting an urgent need to develop broad‐spectrum antiviral agents. Salicylamide (2‐hydroxybenzamide) derivatives, represented by niclosamide and nitazoxanide, inhibit the replication of a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses such as flavivirus, influenza A virus, and coronavirus. Moreover, nitazoxanide was effective in clinical trials against different viral infections including diarrhea caused by rotavirus and norovirus, uncomplicated influenza A and B, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. In this review, we summarize the broad antiviral activities of salicylamide derivatives, the clinical progress, and the potential targets or mechanisms against different viral infections and highlight their therapeutic potential in combating the circulating and emerging viral infections in the future.