bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in-depth study of the association of breast arterial calcification with cardiovascular disease, its risk factors, and other chronic noncommunicable diseases: rationale and study protocol
Authors: Kim I. V. , Bochkareva E. V. , Butina E. K. , Molchanova O. V. , Bayramkulova N. Kh. , Filichkina E. M. , Yarovaya E. B. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: January 2025

Aim. To assess association between breast artery calcification (BAC) with ultrasound and biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk, asymptomatic and clinically expressed forms of cardiovascular diseases, as well as other chronic non-communicable diseases.Material and methods. It is planned to include 300-400 women aged 40-74 years who underwent routine or diagnostic digital mammography at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine and signed informed consent in a cross-sectional study. The groups will be formed on the case-control principle in a 1:1 ratio, considering age. The study protocol will include: physical examination; questionnaire to assess sociodemographic parameters, reproductive history, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities and drug therapy, probability of angina pectoris, intermittent claudication, history of stroke, risk of osteoporotic fractures; laboratory examination to determine parameters of lipid, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism, renal function, thyroid gland and presence of anemia; electrocardiography; duplex scanning of carotid and femoral arteries. Mammograms will be evaluated in a blinded manner by radiologists. Standard digital mammograms in craniocaudal and mediolateral projections will be analyzed. The severity of BAC will be determined using a 12-point scale.Expected results. The data on the presence/absence of BAC and its severity will be compared with the ultrasound parameters of the atherosclerotic load of the peripheral arteries, which is a recognized marker of high cardiovascular risk, as well as traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The relationship of BAC with iron deficiency anemia, decreased bone mineral density, thyroid diseases, decreased glomerular filtration and other pathological conditions will be studied, which, according to previous studies conducted at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine on a limited sample, can presumably be associated with the presence of BAC.Conclusion. For Russian healthcare, the development of a methodology for assessing the probability of cardiovascular diseases as a part of a mammographic screening programs is an urgent task, but there are only a few domestic studies on the role of BAC as a marker of cardiovascular risk among women. If the hypothesis about the association between BAC and atheromatosis of the carotid and femoral arteries and other pathological conditions is confirmed, new opportunities will open up for the development and implementation of large-scale screening of cardiovascular diseases among the female population of Russia.
Multidimensional Approach for Predicting 30-Day Mortality in Patients with a Hip Fracture
Authors: de Jong Louis , de Haan Eveline , van Rijckevorsel Veronique A.J.I.M. , Kuijper T. Martijn , Roukema Gert R. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The aim of this study was to develop an accurate and clinically relevant prediction model for 30-day mortality following hip fracture surgery.

Methods:
A previous study protocol was utilized as a guideline for data collection and as the standard for the hip fracture treatment. Two prospective, detailed hip fracture databases of 2 different hospitals (hospital A, training cohort; hospital B, testing cohort) were utilized to obtain data. On the basis of the literature, the results of a univariable analysis, and expert opinion, 26 candidate predictors of 30-day mortality were selected. Subsequently, the training of the model, including variable selection, was performed on the training cohort (hospital A) with use of adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. External validation was performed on the testing cohort (hospital B).

Results:
A total of 3,523 patients were analyzed, of whom 302 (8.6%) died within 30 days after surgery. After the LASSO analysis, 7 of the 26 variables were included in the prediction model: age, gender, an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 4, dementia, albumin level, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living total score, and residence in a nursing home. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.789 in the training cohort and 0.775 in the testing cohort. The calibration curve showed good consistency between observed and predicted 30-day mortality.

Conclusions:
The Rotterdam Hip Fracture Mortality Prediction-30 Days (RHMP-30) was developed and externally validated, and showed adequate performance in predicting 30-day mortality following hip fracture surgery. The RHMP-30 will be helpful for shared decision-making with patients regarding hip fracture treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
PENGARUH VARIASI CaCo3 TERHADAP ARANG AKTIF PADA PROSES PACK CARBURIZING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEKERASAN BAJA KARBON RENDAH DITINJAU DARI STRUKTUR MIKRO DAN KEKERASAN
Authors: Hafni Hafni 
Published: January 2025

Karena sifatnya yang lunak, liat dan mudah dibuat, baja banyak digunakan sebagai bahan dalam pembuatan suatu produk. Untuk mendapatkan sifat yang keras pada permukaan dan tetap lunak pada intinya maka dilakukan proses pengerasan permukaan (face hardening), sehingga produk tersebut dapat difungsikan sesusai dengan tujuan desainnya. Salah satu cara untuk melakukan pengerasan permukaan ini adalah dengan media carbon padat atau pack carburizing. Untuk melakukan proses carburizing ini, diperlukan sebuah tungku pembakar yang dirancang tahan panas serta mudah dioperasikan. aman dengan bahan bakar batu bara. untuk penguji tungku yang telah dirancang dilakukan pengujian pada baja rabon rendah dengan mengunakan media karburisasi 1000 gr arang aktif dengan variasi: 200 gram, 100 grm, 66.7-gram Kalsium karbonat (CaCo3) pada temperatur pemanasan 950 0C dan waktu tahan 4 jam Kemudian dilanjukan dengan proses quenching. Dari hasil pengujian menunjukan bahan uji dengan komposisi 1000 gr arang aktif dengan 200-gram calcium carbonat lebih baik penambahan unsur karbon sehingga waktu dilakukan quenching terbentuk struktur mikro martensite.
Dynamic Multi-Layered Image Encryption scheme using User Driven Chaotic Sequences
Authors: Mathivanan P. , Ashwini K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The paper introduces a novel approach that leverages the unique characteristics of users' authenticated usernames to determine the sequence in which image blocks are encrypted. This methodology employs two key strategies: the utilization of four individual chaotic maps - Sin, Chebyshev, Logistic, and Gaussian - for encryption, and the encryption of image blocks using a novel 4D chaotic map. The process begins with the segmentation of an N×N×3 color image into its red, blue, and green components, each of size N×N. The image components are further subdivided into four arrays, each sized (4×4) × (N/4) × (N/4). Chaotic sequences generated via schemes 1 and 2 aid in the encryption of various image bands, serving as fundamental encryption keys that guide both confusion and diffusion processes. The proposed encryption systems, Scheme 1 and Scheme 2, were rigorously evaluated using extensive simulations and compared to a standard approach. Both methods outperformed against statistical analysis differential attacks, with NPCR and UACI values approaching ideal standards. Notably, Scheme 2, with the proposed 4D map, performed better than Scheme 1, especially with regard to UACI and NPCR. Furthermore, the systems had a large key space, making decryption impossible within an astronomical timeframe. Entropy and correlation analysis validation yielded values consistent with established techniques, whereas pixel distribution analyses confirmed homogeneity in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions. The research presents a new encryption approach that takes advantage of user-specific attributes and outperforms standard methods in terms of security and performance.
The emergence of prefabricated VIP toilet seats with covers: The implication for odour control and potential improvement
Authors: Obeng Panin Asirifua , Donkor Emmanuel Amponsah , Awere Eric , Oduro-Kwarteng Sampson , Awuah Esi , Obeng Peter Appiah 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine is a cheaper and convenient alternative to water-borne sanitation for many households in developing countries. To mimic the water closet toilet, some users have introduced prefabricated ceramic seats with covers, which are known to disrupt the odour control mechanism of the latrine. The objective of this study was to quantitatively establish the extent to which the use of seats with covers affects the ventilation rate in the VIP latrine and to explore whether an innovative seat with a partially-screened cover could significantly minimise the effect of seat covering. The ventilation rates in experimental latrines with various modifications of superstructure and user interface designs were monitored with an air flow meter. The study revealed that seat covering could lead to &gt;87% reduction in the ventilation rate and allow the generation of &lt;50% of the minimum ventilation rate required to achieve odour-free conditions in an otherwise standard VIP latrine. The study also established that lining part of the seat cover with an insect screen could increase the ventilation rate by more than three times and could attain the minimum ventilation rate when combined with the conventionally recommended superstructure design.
Assessment of groundwater quality and suitability for drinking and irrigation using multivariate statistical analyses and GIS in Jhenaidah District, Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Nazneen , Khatun Asma , Shaibur Molla Rahman , Hossain Mohammed Sadid , Khan Abu Shamim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This study explored the groundwater chemistry, groundwater suitability, and potential human health risks in the Jhenaidah district, Bangladesh. A total of 54 groundwater samples were collected from the study area, and a set of multivariate approaches were applied to achieve the study objectives. Study results show the concentration of HCO3−, Ca2+, As, Fe, and Mn exceeded Bangladesh drinking quality guidelines in 100, 98, 44, 28, and 63% samples, respectively. The groundwater quality index shows only 15% of samples are suitable for drinking purposes, whereas various irrigation water indices like EC, TH, %Na, SAR, PI, and MH show that these sources of water are suitable for irrigation. In the study area, groundwater is mainly Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3− types, and rock–water interactions are dominating the mineralization process. The sequential order of major cations and major anions are Ca2+ &gt; Mg2+ &gt; Na+ &gt; K+, and Cl− &gt; HCO3− &gt; SO42−, respectively. Multivariate analyses show that both geogenic and manmade sources regulate the groundwater quality. Arc-GIS inverse weighted method has been utilized to spatial interpolate the basic parameters. For the human health aspect, both adults and children have high carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution of surface water through multivariate analysis, HPI and GIS techniques
Authors: Arora Sameer , Saha Prasenjit , Shende Ashay Devidas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Presence of heavy metals in surface metals is the mounting concern in the world due rapid industrialization and modernization of society, and surface water is being utilized both as source and sink for water consumption and wastewater discharge, respectively. The chemometric method were applied on river for pre and post monsoon seasons to determine the potential heavy metals and development of heavy metal pollution index (HPI). The cluster and factor analysis were applied on thirteen heavy metals monitored over eleven locations for characterizing the highly correlating and potential, respectively heavy metals. The proliferation of health risks of heavy metals was determined through cluster analysis and GIS. The Fe and Mn found exceeding the permissible limits in river and drain samples for both the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season, whereas other heavy metals were found within the permissible limits throughout the study period. The study suggested that classification of pollutants and assessment of associated risk to human health could provide a valuable insight for the development of remediation measures to minimize the degradation of public health and appropriate treatment technology for minimizing the contamination of water sources.
ANALISIS EKSPERIMENTAL PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA MENARA PENDINGIN TIPE PLAT DATAR BERTINGKAT
Authors: Aulia Fikri , Ahmad Syuhada  , Razali Razali 
Published: January 2025

Cooling towers serve as an important tool in industrial settings to reduce heat in machines that use water and air as working media, this process involves hot water generated from the machine coming into direct contact with air resulting in a small portion of the water evaporating which then reduces its temperature. Although previous research has attempted to improve the performance of cooling towers, there is still considerable scope for further exploration in achieving optimal results. One way to improve it is to adjust and change the flow of distributing fluid media by adding the number of holes on the flat plate of the cooling tower. Based on this phenomenon, the researcher wants to examine the magnitude of the heat transfer impact on a multi-storey cooling tower using triangular perforated flat plates with varying numbers of holes. The overall height of the cooling tower is 2.4 meters, consisting of five flat plates arranged in stages with each flat plate dimension having a length of 0.7 meters and a width of 0.5 meters, having a plate area of 3.5 m² with a tilt angle of each plate arrangement on the cooling tower which is 15 °. The number of holes in a given flat plate is 45, 55, and 65 holes, while the inlet water temperature is set at 80°C, 85°C, and 90°C. The results of this study revealed that the number of holes 65 showed a greater heat transfer effect compared to the other variations. Consequently, the number of holes significantly affects the heat transfer coefficient, thus impacting the overall performance of the multistage cooling tower.
Development of Electropneumatic Simulation Learning Media based on Virtual Reality for Increasing Students’ Competence Skills in Industrial Automation Engineering of Vocational School
Authors: Sugiarto Hariyadi , Hatmojo Yuwono Indro 
Published: January 2025

This research and development aim to (1) know the development step of Electropneumatic simulation learning media based on Virtual Reality for increasing students’ competence skills in Industrial Automation Engineering; (2) create a proper Electropneumatic simulation learning media based on Virtual Reality for increasing students’ competence skill in Industrial Automation Engineering; (3) analyze the effectiveness level of Electropneumatic simulation learning media based on Virtual Reality for increasing students’ competence skill and response in Industrial Automation Engineering. This research and development used the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). The effectiveness level of virtual reality media was analyzed using n-gain data from the pre-test and post-test enhancement score results. The results of this research and development are as follows: (1) the developed virtual reality media worked well after passing the functional test by using the Black Box testing method; (2) the development of the Virtual Reality learning media received an average score of 87.77% from three media experts and an average score of 88.75% from two subject matter experts. Based on these average scores, virtual reality learning media is categorized as “VERY PROPER” and can be used as a learning medium for practicum; (3) the use of Virtual Reality was effective in increasing students’ competence skills and response, based on the hypothesis testing results using a Paired Sample T-test, a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.129 0.05.The development research encountered several limitations, such as the high cost of Virtual Reality devices, students’ unfamiliarity with Virtual Reality technology causing discomfort, and the extended time required for students to become proficient in operating Virtual Reality devices.
Diagnosis of stone-related pyelonephritis activity by monitoring urine electrochemical properties and dynamics of urinary inflammatory mediator IL–8
Authors: Khotko D. N. , Khotko A. I. , Tarasenko A. I. , Popkov V. M. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is an important minimally invasive method for treating kidney stones. It is appreciated for its low injury rate and quick recovery. However, one of the most serious complications that can occur after this procedure is calculous pyelonephritis. The timing and safe removal of nephrostomy drainage in the postoperative period remain a significant concern for urologists. Objective. To determine the possibility of using joulemetry and monitoring urinary IL-8 levels to diagnose stone-related pyelonephritis activity following percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Materials & methods. The study involved 220 patients with kidney stones who had percutaneous nephrolithotripsy at the SSMU Urology Clinic in 2022 – 2023. The patients were aged between 25 and 65 years, including 135 women (61.3 %) and 85 men (38.7 %). The control group consisted of 30 healthy people aged 24 to 67 years: 18 women (60 %) and 12 men (40 %). After surgery, electrochemical urine examination using the joulemetric method according to a patented technique was performed for patients with stone-related pyelonephritis and for those in the control group. Results. When analysing the urine IL-8 level, leukocyturia in the urine test, and the current operation based on joulemetry data, we observe a significant increase in all studied parameters on day 1 compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The values of the studied indicators reach their peak range by day 3 and return to those of the control group by day 5. At the same time, even if there is no leukocyturia on day three, the values of the current parameter and the urine IL-8 level remain elevated in most patients. Conclusion. Joulemetry helps to diagnose the activity of stone-related pyelonephritis in the postoperative period. This is confirmed by general clinical examinations and the determination of urine IL-8 as a marker of inflammation. Using this method allows optimising the timing of drainage removal after surgery.
Sexual dysfunction following low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Anosov A. D. , Efremov M. E. , Medvedev V. L. , Kogan M. I. 
Published: January 2025

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent forms of male malignancies globally, ranking second in terms of incidence and sixth in terms of mortality. Low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRT) represents a treatment modality for PCa, involving the implantation of permanent radioactive sources into the prostate tissue. The isotopes predominantly utilised are I–125 and Pd–103. LDRT demonstrates high rates of biochemical and clinical relapse-free survival, with cancer-specific and overall survival rates comparable to those achieved through radical prostatectomy. Despite the advantages associated with LDRT, evidence has accumulated regarding the potential complications accompanying this treatment approach, including sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. Sexual satisfaction constitutes a critical concern for men undergoing PCa treatment. It is essential that both the patient and the healthcare provider prioritise not only erectile function but also the preservation of sexuality in its entirety. The present study endeavours to evaluate the accumulated material on the topic of diagnosing and treating sexual dysfunctions following low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRT). The analysis encompassed articles by foreign and domestic authors published between 2014 and 2024, as well as fundamental articles and literature dating back earlier. These works were devoted to sexual dysfunction, assessment, and rehabilitation of sexual function in patients with PCa who underwent LDRT. Our review confirmed the existing necessity for a detailed study of rational methods for diagnosing sexual dysfunctions prior to selecting a treatment method, as well as the possible prevention of disorders after LDRT. It is also essential to develop sexual and penile rehabilitation strategies following LDRT for PCa, which is currently widely employed.
Exploring Barriers to Patients’ Progression in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Journey From Health Care Providers’ Perspectives: Qualitative Study
Authors: Ramesh Shri Harini , Jull Darwin , Fournier Hélène , Rajabiyazdi Fateme 
Published: January 2025

Background
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are crucial for patients recovering from cardiac events, as they help reduce the risk of recurrent events and support patient recovery. The patient’s journey in CR spans the stages before, during, and after the program. Patients have to progress through each stage of CR programs successfully to complete the entire CR journey and get the full benefits of CR programs, but numerous barriers within this journey can hinder patient progression.

Objective
This study aims to explore the barriers to progression at all stages of the CR patient journey from the perspectives of health care providers involved in CR care.

Methods
This qualitative study involved semistructured interviews with health care providers involved in CR care from July 2023 to January 2024. A purposive maximal variation sampling method was used to target providers with diverse demographics and specialties. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants, leveraging the existing networks of participants. Each interview lasted between 30 and 45 minutes. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Data analysis was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024.

Results
Ten health care providers, comprising 7 females and 3 males, were interviewed. Their roles included physician, program director, nurse manager, clinical manager, nurse coordinator, nurse, physiotherapist, and kinesiologist. The analysis identified four overarching themes related to barriers to progression in the CR journey: (1) patients not being referred to CR programs, (2) patients not enrolling in CR programs, (3) patients dropping out of CR programs, and (4) patients’ lack of adherence to lifestyle changes post-CR programs.

Conclusions
In light of the growing interest in technological interventions in CR programs, we proposed 4 potential technological solutions to address the barriers to progression identified in our analysis. These solutions aim to provide a foundation for future research to guide the development of effective technologies and enhance patient progression within the CR journey.