bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed loop supply chains in apparel: Current state and future directions
Authors: Denizel Meltem , Schumm Caroline Z. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe apparel and textile industry (AT) is considered one of the most polluting industries in the world due to the complexity of the supply chain and the high volume of natural resources and toxic chemicals used during manufacturing. Closed loop supply chains (CLSC) for apparel and textile are unique and therefore the circular economy solutions that exist for other industries, especially the electronics industry where these solutions are used extensively, may not be successful. This study aims to evaluate the practices of fashion brands that currently employ a CLSC to better understand the existing strategies and prevalent issues in comparison to the electronics industry. We developed a framework based on factors that identify the delineating aspects of a CLSC and performed a content analysis of the publicly available sustainability reports of companies. The results show the need for different solutions between the industries and indicate a need for research that is informed by the AT specific contextual factors since one‐fits‐all solutions will not work well across industries.
Glacier changes since the Last Glacial Maximum on two slopes of Mt Noijin Kang‐Sang, Southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Li Yingkui , Yi Chaolu , Hu Haiping , Ma Baihui , Wan Li 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, most glaciers have been melting, thinning and retreating globally in response to continuously increasing temperatures. We simulated ice thicknesses and volumes on the east and west slopes of Mt Noijin Kang‐Sang, Southern Tibetan Plateau (TP), since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), using a glacial flowline model. The simulated average ice thicknesses during the LGM and Lateglacial (LG), Early Holocene, Neoglacial and the Little Ice Age (LIA) periods were 1.4, 1.3, 1.1 and 1.2 times greater than those of modern glaciers in the Gangbu (eastern slope) and western valleys, respectively. In the Gangbu Valley, areas from the LGM‐LG to LIA periods were 1.7, 1.5, 1.4 and 1.2 times greater than the modern glacier area, and the volume expansion indexes were 2.2, 1.9, 1.5 and 1.4. In the western valleys, the area expansion indexes were 2.2, 1.9, 1.5 and 1.4 times greater than the modern glacier, and volumes were 5.4, 4.4, 3.4 and 2.9 times greater, respectively. Glaciers in the western valleys retreated more extensively than those on the eastern slopes of Gangbu Valley after the LGM‐LG, probably due to the smaller glaciers on the leeward western slopes with lower elevations. Equilibrium‐line altitudes dropped ~425 m in Gangbu Valley and ~385 m in the western valleys during the LGM‐LG, corresponding to a 3.8–4.1 °C temperature decrease in this region, which was consistent with cooling on the central Tibetan Plateau, but lower than cooling at the south‐eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau.
Influence of myoglobin on the antibacterial activity of carvacrol and the binding mechanism between the two compounds
Authors: Yuan Dongdong , Du Jing , Xin Mengna , Bai Guohui , Zhang Chan , Liu Guorong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyoglobin (MB), a pigmentation protein, can adversely affect the antibacterial activity of carvacrol (CAR) and weaken its bacteriostasis effect. This study aimed to clarify the influence of MB on the antibacterial activity of CAR and ascertain the mechanism involved in the observed influence, especially the interaction between the two compounds.RESULTSMicrobiological analysis indicated that the presence of MB significantly suppressed the antibacterial activity of CAR against Listeria monocytogenes. Ultraviolet–visible spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis confirmed the interaction between CAR and MB. The stoichiometric number was determined as ~0.7 via double logarithmic Stern–Volmer equation analysis, while thermodynamic analysis showed that the conjugation of the two compounds occurred as an exothermal reaction (ΔH° = −32.3 ± 11.4 kJ mol−1 and ΔS° = −75 J mol−1 K−1). Circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed hydrogen bonding in the carvacrol–myoglobin complex (CAR‐MB). Molecular docking analysis confirmed that amino acid residues, including GLY80 and HIS82, were most likely to form hydrogen bonds with CAR, while hydrogen bonds represented the main driving force for CAR‐MB formation.CONCLUSIONCAR antibacterial activity was significantly inhibited by the presence of MB in the environment due to the notable reduction in the effective concentration of CAR caused by CAR‐MB formation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of marination in lemon juice on beef tenderization and in vitro gastric digestibility
Authors: Wakita Yoshihisa , Takahashi Mayumi , Tamiya Shinri , Kobayashi Isao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is limited knowledge regarding digestion and absorption of nutrients after cooked marinated meat is ingested. Most of the previous studies on food gastric digestion have focused on chemical digestion and did not reflect upon physical digestion driven by peristalsis. In the present study, we examined the effects of marinating beef in lemon juice on gastric digestibility using a human gastric digestion simulator (GDS) that mimics peristaltic motion called antral contraction waves.RESULTSBeef thigh slices were marinated in 100% lemon juice for 1 h and then grilled; an image of a stained tissue sample revealed that muscle tissue contraction (i.e. that usually occurs upon cooking) was suppressed. The measurement of physical properties using a rheometer and texture analyzer showed that the meat marinated in lemon juice had a soft texture. In vitro digestion experiments using the GDS revealed that the extent of both physical digestion driven by peristalsis and chemical digestion catalyzed by digestive enzymes was enhanced by the lemon juice marinade.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study suggest that marinating beef in lemon juice affects nutrient digestibility. An integrated evaluation of tissue structure, physical properties and GDS digestion to analyze meat digestion would enhance our understanding of the effects of seasoning and cooking methods on meat. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pain behavior and phenotype in a modified anterior lumbar disc puncture mouse model
Authors: Huang Yuming , Lei Linchuan , Zhu Jian , Zheng Jinjian , Li Zemin , Wang Hua , Wang Jianru , Zheng Zhaomin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn experimental study was performed to improve the anterior approach model of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to investigate the anterior approach model of IVDD for the cause of death, phenotypes, and underlying mechanisms of low back pain in mice.MethodIn this study, we conducted an anterior puncture procedure on a cohort of 300 C57BL/6J mice that were 8 weeks old. Our investigation focused on exploring the causes of death in the study population (n = 300) and assessing the time‐course changes in various parameters, including radiographical, histological, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry analyses (n = 10). Additionally, we conducted behavioral assessments on a subset of the animals (n = 30).ResultsTransverse vertebral artery rupture is a major factor in surgical death. Radiographical analyses showed that the hydration of the nucleus pulposus began to decrease at 2 weeks after puncture and obviously disappeared over 4 weeks. 3D‐CT showed that disc height was significantly decreased at 4 weeks. Osteophyte at the anterior vertebral rims was observed at 2 weeks after the puncture. As the time course increased, histological analyses showed progressive disruption of the destruction of the extracellular matrix and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. Behavioral signs of low back pain were increased between the puncture and sham groups at 4 weeks.ConclusionThe improvement of anterior intervertebral disc approach model in mice will be useful to investigate underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for behavior and phenotypes. Furthermore, the application of vibrational pre‐treatment can be used to increase the sensitivity of axial back pain in the model, thereby providing researchers with a reliable method for measuring this critical phenotype.
Carrying capacity of black‐necked cranes in Dashanbao National Nature Reserve, China
Authors: Dong Hao Yan , Yang XiaoJun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince 2005, large areas have been planted for maca, the introduced cash crop, on cropland and grassland in Yunnan, China. While cash crops offer clear economic benefits over conventional crops, they also reduce the amount of land for wildlife, especially wading birds. The effect of cash crops on the energetic carrying capacity for birds requires evaluation. The black‐necked crane (Grus nigricollis) is a flagship species wintering in northeast and northwest Yunnan where large areas of cropland and grassland have been converted to maca production. Understanding changes in the energetic carrying capacity in response to increasing maca production will facilitate the development of effective conservation plans for the protection of black‐necked cranes. We estimated food density and the crane's daily energy requirements by observing the foraging behavior of crane individuals using telescopes and recorded video to measure the energetic carrying capacity of the black‐necked crane in the Dashanbao National Nature Reserve. The monthly energetic carrying capacity was similar between the pre‐expansion planting period for maca (2012–2014) and the expansion planting period (2014–2015). The abundance of invertebrates in grassland in December and January and Tartary buckwheat in March was below the food density threshold (below which foraging becomes energetically unprofitable) in both the pre‐and post‐maca planting years. In addition, the crop yield was significantly affected by freeze damage in spring. Thus, climate and abundance of invertebrates affect the energetic carrying capacity of black‐necked cranes in Dashanbao Reserve. We suggest that the local relevant departments should fully assess the potential effect on the cranes when implementing the large‐scale cultivation of introduced crops and avoid the large‐scale planting of single‐species crops. The largest planted area in suitable farmland within the study area should not exceed 1,000 ha. Maca planting should be undertaken with caution in this area because of the potential effect on black‐necked cranes.
The fitness and corrosion mechanisms of high‐strength steel in corrosive oil–water environment at high temperature
Authors: Yao Jinxing , Zhong Xiankang , Zhang Zhixin , Fan Zijian , Hu Junying , Wang Jue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work investigated the mechanical decay mechanism and high‐temperature corrosion mechanism of high‐strength steel via high‐temperature mechanical experiments, and corrosion and stress corrosion cracking tests were performed in simulated working conditions where water, oil, H2S, and CO2 coexist. The results show that the tensile strength and yield strength of high‐strength steel decrease with increasing temperature; the tensile strength and yield strength at 350°C reduce 11.91% and 19.08%, respectively, compared with 25°C. Moreover, the corrosion rate of high‐strength steel gradually increased from 0.0914 mm/a at 150°C to 1.2288 mm/a at 350°C. In addition, the influence of high temperature on the corrosion mechanism was inferred through thermodynamic calculations, and the reason for the presence of Fe3O4 in the corrosion products at 350°C was analyzed. At 350°C, stress corrosion cracking was observed in high‐strength steels when the applied stress reached 90% of the yield strength. Based on the aforementioned studies, the relevant mechanisms related to the decay of mechanical properties, corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking are also proposed.
Polymers as Aerospace Structural Components: How to Reach Sustainability?
Authors: Dyer William E. , Kumru Baris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aerospace industry has been benefiting from the utilization of polymer materials since fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) offer high performances at low densities compared to metals. FRPC facilitated the design of lightweight materials, which is extensively used in aviation today. Since their first integration into structural parts, FRPC has experienced exponential growth over the years and has received a special interest from manufacturing engineering. While FRPC today is a major focus in engineering, the design of polymer matrix relies on polymer chemistry. However, aircraft materials are facing a pressing issue related to sustainability, since their environmental footprint is at an alarming level. In this review, commercial thermosetting polymer composites employed in aircraft structures are exhibited from a chemistry perspective by depicting starting products and curing reactions. The potential of chemistry to help design next‐generation sustainable FRPC for structural parts by means of utilization of sustainable feedstock, energy‐efficient processing, and recycling, is disseminated.
On K3 surfaces of Picard rank 14
Authors: Clingher Adrian , Malmendier Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study complex algebraic K3 surfaces with finite automorphism groups and polarized by rank 14, 2‐elementary lattices. Three such lattices exist, namely, , , and . As part of our study, we provide birational models for these surfaces as quartic projective hypersurfaces and describe the associated coarse moduli spaces in terms of suitable modular invariants. Additionally, we explore the connection between these families and dual K3 families related via the Nikulin construction.
“Unattractive = natural”: How explicit and implicit beliefs jointly affect consumer purchase of unattractive produce
Authors: Niu Yixin , You Yanfen , Ran Yaxuan , Liu Jiani 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo reduce the waste of aesthetically unappealing yet safe produce, marketers and policymakers have attempted to associate such produce with the concept of “naturalness” (i.e., establishing the “unattractive = natural” belief), thereby increasing its appeal to consumers. However, research findings conflict regarding the effectiveness of this approach. To reconcile these inconsistencies, the present research suggests that two types of “unattractive = natural” beliefs—explicit and implicit—collectively influence consumer purchase of unattractive produce. Through one field and two lab experiments using two methods to measure implicit beliefs (i.e., the Implicit Association Test and word‐embedding method) and consumer purchases (i.e., actual product choices and a Likert scale), we found that consumers with a high level of incongruence between explicit and implicit “unattractive = natural” beliefs exhibit a greater preference for unattractive produce than those with a low level of such incongruence. This occurs because the incongruence between implicit and explicit beliefs prompts elaborative thinking about the naturalness of unattractive produce, thus alleviating consumer avoidance. Our undertaking contributes to the existing literature on consumer purchase of unattractive produce by examining explicit and implicit beliefs. It also offers valuable insights into leveraging implicit measurement techniques to mitigate food waste.
Automatic dose prediction using deep learning and plan optimization with finite‐element control for intensity modulated radiation therapy
Authors: Shen Yichao , Tang Xingni , Lin Sara , Jin Xiance , Ding Jiapei , Shao Minghai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutomatic solutions for generating radiotherapy treatment plans using deep learning (DL) have been investigated by mimicking the voxel's dose. However, plan optimization using voxel‐dose features has not been extensively studied.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the efficiency of a direct optimization strategy with finite elements (FEs) after DL dose prediction for automatic intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning.MethodsA double‐UNet DL model was adapted for 220 cervical cancer patients (200 for training and 20 for testing), who underwent IMRT between 2016 and 2020 at our clinic. The model inputs were computed tomography (CT) slices, organs at risk (OARs), and planning target volumes (PTVs), and the outputs were dose distributions of uniformly generated high‐dose region‐controlled plans. The FEs were discretized into equal intervals of the dose prediction value within the [OARs avoid PTV(O‐P)] and [body avoids OARs & PTV(B‐OP)] regions in the test cohort and used to define the objectives for IMRT plan optimization. The plans were optimized using a two‐step process. In the beginning, the plans of two extra cases with and without low‐dose region control were compared to pursue robust and optimal dose adjustment degree pattern of FEs. In the first step, the mean dose of O‐P FEs were constrained to differing degrees according to the pattern. The further the FEs from the PTV, the tighter the constraints. In the second step, the mean dose of O‐P FEs from first step were constrained again but weakly and the dose of the B‐OP FEs from dose prediction and PTV were tightly regulated. The dosimetric parameters of the OARs and PTV were evaluated and compared using an interstep approach. In another 10 cases, the plans optimized via the aforementioned steps (method 1) were compared with those directly generated by the double‐UNet dose prediction model trained by low and high region‐controlled plans (method 2).ResultsThe mean differences in dose metrics between the UNet‐predicted dose and the clinical plans were: 0.47 Gy for bladder D50%; 0.62 Gy for rectum D50%; 0% for small intestine V30Gy; 1% for small intestine V40Gy; 4% for left femoral head V30Gy; and 6% for right femoral head V30Gy. The reductions in mean dose (p < 0.001) after FE‐based optimization were: 4.0, 1.9, 2.8, 5.9, and 5.7 Gy for the bladder, rectum, small intestine, left femoral head, and right femoral head, respectively, with flat PTV homogeneity and conformity. Method 1 plans produced lower mean doses than those of method 2 for the bladder (0.7 Gy), rectum (1.0 Gy), and small intestine (0.6 Gy), while maintaining PTV homogeneity and conformity.ConclusionFE‐based direct optimization produced lower OAR doses and adequate PTV doses after DL prediction. This solution offers rapid and automatic plan optimization without manual adjustment, particularly in low‐dose regions.
Development and validation of MonteRay, a fast Monte Carlo dose engine for carbon ion beam radiotherapy
Authors: Lysakovski Peter , Kopp Benedikt , Tessonnier Thomas , Mein Stewart , Ferrari Alfredo , Haberer Thomas , Debus Jürgen , Mairani Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMonte Carlo (MC) simulations are considered the gold‐standard for accuracy in radiotherapy dose calculation; so far however, no commercial treatment planning system (TPS) provides a fast MC for supporting clinical practice in carbon ion therapy.PurposeTo extend and validate the in‐house developed fast MC dose engine MonteRay for carbon ion therapy, including physical and biological dose calculation.MethodsMonteRay is a CPU MC dose calculation engine written in C++ that is capable of simulating therapeutic proton, helium and carbon ion beams. In this work, development steps taken to include carbon ions in MonteRay are presented. Dose distributions computed with MonteRay are evaluated using a comprehensive validation dataset, including various measurements (pristine Bragg peaks, spread out Bragg peaks in water and behind an anthropomorphic phantom) and simulations of a patient plan. The latter includes both physical and biological dose comparisons. Runtimes of MonteRay were evaluated against those of FLUKA MC on a standard benchmark problem.ResultsDosimetric comparisons between MonteRay and measurements demonstrated good agreement. In terms of pristine Bragg peaks, mean errors between simulated and measured integral depth dose distributions were between −2.3% and +2.7%. Comparing SOBPs at 5, 12.5 and 20 cm depth, mean absolute relative dose differences were 0.9%, 0.7% and 1.6% respectively. Comparison against measurements behind an anthropomorphic head phantom revealed mean absolute dose differences of with global 3%/3 mm 3D‐γ passing rates of 99.3%, comparable to those previously reached with FLUKA (98.9%). Comparisons against dose predictions computed with the clinical treatment planning tool RayStation 11B for a meningioma patient plan revealed excellent local 1%/1 mm 3D‐γ passing rates of 98% for physical and 94% for biological dose. In terms of runtime, MonteRay achieved speedups against reference FLUKA simulations ranging from 14× to 72×, depending on the beam's energy and the step size chosen.ConclusionsValidations against clinical dosimetric measurements in homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios and clinical TPS calculations have proven the validity of the physical models implemented in MonteRay. To conclude, MonteRay is viable as a fast secondary MC engine for supporting clinical practice in proton, helium and carbon ion radiotherapy.
ADER discontinuous Galerkin Material Point Method
Authors: Lakiss Alaa , Heuzé Thomas , Tannous Mikhael , Stainier Laurent 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe first‐order accurate discontinuous Galerkin Material Point Method (DGMPM), initially introduced by Renaud et al. (J Comput Phys. 2018;369:80–102.), considers a solid body discretized by a collection of material points carrying the history of the matter, embedded in an arbitrary grid on which a nodal discontinuous Galerkin approximation is defined, and that serves to solve balance equations. This method has been shown to be promising, especially for solving hyperbolic problems in finite deforming solids (Renaud et al. Int J Numer Methods Eng. 2020;121(4):664–689. Renaud et al. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng. 2020;365:112987.). The main goal of this research is to extend the first‐order DGMPM to arbitrary high‐order accurate approximations. This is performed by adapting the ADER (Arbitrary high order DErivative Riemann problem) approach (Busto et al. Front Phys. 2020;8:32.) to the particular spatial discretization of the DGMPM. First, the predictor step permits to design a particle‐to‐grid projection of arbitrary high order of accuracy, consistent with that of the nodal discontinuous Galerkin approximation defined on the arbitrary grid. This is performed using a moving least square approximation for the ADER predictor field. Second, since the degrees of freedom of the predictor field are now defined at material points, the computation of the constitutive response of the material is ensured to be always performed at these material points. This is of crucial importance for history‐dependent constitutive models because it avoids any diffusive transfer of internal variables on a new computational grid. Finally, a total Lagrangian formulation of equations is kept, which allows to precompute once and for all both the nodal discontinuous Galerkin approximation and that of the ADER predictor field, until the arbitrary grid is discarded if required. The method is illustrated on a few two‐dimensional numerical examples, on which comparisons are shown with the ADER‐DGFEM and Runge–Kutta‐DGFEM.