bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Trout Stream Management in the Black Hills, 1883–2023, as Evidenced Through Hatchery Activities and Stocking
Authors: Scarnecchia Dennis L , Martling Shaylee , Barnes Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we review and synthesize trout management philosophy and policies for Black Hills streams in the states of South Dakota and Wyoming through the roles of hatcheries, fish stocking, and natural production from 1883 to 2023. We identified three specific fisheries management time periods (eras) in the Black Hills: (1) the early management–fry stocking era (pre-1950), (2) the catchable-trout stocking era (1950s to mid-1990s), and (3) the integrated management era (mid-1990s to present). The first era emphasized juvenile trout stocking, with little evaluation of effectiveness in terms of return to creel. The second era was characterized by greater emphasis on stocking catchable-sized trout and a substantial increase in hatchery rearing capabilities. In the first two eras, instead of fish stocking being one of many potentially useful tools for managers of Black Hills streams, stocking was the dominant activity—leading and directing fisheries management rather than supporting it. By the third era, trout management began to embody a more encompassing and complex national ideology and philosophy that more fully considered ecology, including habitat improvement, natural reproduction of trout, defining the role of fish stocking, and understanding the relationship of trout to the depauperate native (nongame) fish fauna. We also discuss the three eras in the Black Hills in relation to national trends in trout management. In contrast to many other localities, the lack of any native salmonids and the lack of native game fish species have facilitated the development of valuable, self-sustaining recreational fisheries in streams that support trout, with less concern for native species than in many areas with harvestable native fish species. The cultural ideology that brought western expansion of settlers to the Black Hills in search of gold, land, freedom, and prosperity was emboldened by a science-based belief and confidence in technology and industry to rapidly shape lands and waters to improve the human condition. In part, the sculpting and shaping of Mount Rushmore symbolize that ideology. In the context of fisheries management in the Black Hills, the introduction of trout, development of stream fisheries, and investment in hatchery technology to produce catchable trout for an expanding tourist economy also exemplify that prevailing ideology, modulated by improved ecological understanding and an accompanying shift toward a more ecological management philosophy.
Brenner Basistunnel, Baulos H41 Sillschlucht–Pfons: Herausforderungen aufbauend auf den Vorlosen im betroffenen Projektbereich
Authors: Insam Romed , Mössmer Stefan , Radončić Nedim , Priller Anton , Staffel Oliver , Reith Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe construction lot H41 Sill Gorge–Pfons is one of the biggest construction lots of the Brenner base tunnel and carries out the work on the Austrian side between Austria and Italy. It is situated between the Sill Gorge in Innsbruck and the small mountain village of Pfons. Here, tunnel excavation and inner lining concrete works are carried out based on existing caverns and tunnels made by previous construction lots E41, Sill Gorge and H33 Tulfes–Pfons. The construction lot H41 Sill Gorge–Pfons started in January 2022 with preparation works, and will take 80 months of continuous construction work to complete. All together about 22.5 km of main tubes, 38 bypasses and the remaining parts of the underground Innsbruck emergency station/stop will be excavated by the drill and blast method and by mechanised means (TBM). Additionally, concrete inner lining works will be executed partly alongside the excavation works. In the connection tunnels which are already finished and link the existing Innsbruck bypass with the new Brenner base tunnel, barrier walls are being erected and a new long‐distance water flushing system is being implemented. The limited surface areas in this mountainous region present a huge challenge for logistics and storage as well as on‐site operations for the execution of this complex underground construction lot.
A26 Linzer Autobahn – Herausforderungen im Rückblick und Ausblick
Authors: Sempelmann Franz , Bartl Robert , Edlmair Gerald , Lang Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAfter a long planning and approval phase, the main construction work on the A26 Linz motorway began at the beginning of 2019. The new A26 road section, large parts of which are underground, will not only significantly relieve the existing inner‐city traffic routes around Linz, but will also provide an additional Danube crossing in the form of a suspension bridge with a span of over 300 m. The main elements of the first Phase of construction are the Danube Bridge and two underground branches, north and south of the Danube, with excavated cross‐sections of up to 400 m2 and ramp tunnels with tight curves.The planning of an inner‐city construction project requires the comprehensive and careful consideration of the protection of the local residents with regard to the effects of noise and vibration. It also needs the impact of the construction work on the existing traffic routes to be reduced as much as possible. The material excavated from the Freinberg tunnel and the Danube South junction must be transported away via the Danube waterway. The project‐specific framework conditions, such as the very high number of tunnel portals, the sound reflections within the Danube valley and the low overburden require considerable measures to reduce their impact during the construction phase.
Sexual and reproductive health‐related questions and concerns of newly married couples: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Ranjbar Fahimeh , Khalajabadi Farahani Farideh , Montazeri Maryam , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Gharacheh Maryam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsApproximately half of Iranian marring couples have poor sexual knowledge and attitudes. This article delves into the main concerns and queries regarding sexual and reproductive health among Iranian newly married couples.MethodsWe conducted a content analysis of the sexual and reproductive health questions and concerns that were anonymously submitted by newly married couples to the researcher via social media in 2021–2022.ResultsA total of 141 questions and concerns that were related to sexual and reproductive health were considered for content analysis. Findings illustrated two main categories: (1) the need to create a reproductive life plan, and (2) the need for sexual knowledge and counseling. The first category consisted of three subcategories: “Poor contraceptive knowledge,” “Need for support in case of a missed period or unplanned pregnancy,” and “Need for preconception care.” The second category included three subcategories: “Concern regarding virginity,” “Sexual problems on the honeymoon,” and “Sexual problems in newlyweds.”ConclusionIranian newly married couples need long‐term specialized services addressing their reproductive life planning and sexual knowledge needs. Integrating reproductive life planning and comprehensive sex education into the primary care services for newly married couples can help to reduce delayed childbearing, unintended pregnancy, unsafe and illegal abortion, and subsequent infertility.
Ex vivo expansion of lung cancer‐derived disseminated cancer cells from lymph nodes identifies cells associated with metastatic progression
Authors: Treitschke Steffi , Weidele Kathrin , Varadarajan Adithi Ravikumar , Feliciello Giancarlo , Warfsmann Jens , Vorbeck Sybille , Polzer Bernhard , Botteron Catherine , Hoffmann Martin , Dechand Vadim , Mederer Tobias , Weber Florian , Werner‐Klein Melanie , Robold Tobias , Hofmann Hans‐Stefan , Werno Christian , Klein Christoph A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe cellular basis of the apparent aggressiveness in lung cancer is poorly understood but likely associated with functional or molecular features of disseminated cancer cells (DCCs). DCCs from epithelial cancers are mostly detected by antibodies directed against histogenetic markers such as cytokeratin or EpCAM. It has been argued that marker‐negative metastatic founder cells might escape detection. We therefore used ex vivo sphere formation for functional detection of candidate metastasis founders. We generated cell suspensions from 199 LN samples of 131 lung cancer patients and placed them into non‐adherent cell culture. Sphere formation was associated with detection of DCCs using EpCAM immunocytology and with significantly poorer prognosis. The prognostic impact of sphere formation was strongly associated with high numbers of EpCAM‐positive DCCs and aberrant genotypes of expanded spheres. We also noted sphere formation in patients with no evidence of lymphatic spread, however such spheres showed infrequent expression of signature genes associated with spheres from EpCAM‐positive samples and displayed neither typical lung cancer mutations (KRAS, TP53, ERBB1) nor copy number variations, but might be linked to disease progression >5 years post curative surgery. We conclude that EpCAM identifies relevant disease‐driving DCCs, that such cells can be expanded for model generation and that further research is needed to clarify the functional and prognostic role of rare EpCAM‐negative sphere forming cells.
Fetal growth and pediatric cancer: A pan‐cancer analysis in 7000 cases and 37 000 controls
Authors: Hoang Thanh T. , Schraw Jeremy M. , Peckham‐Gregory Erin C. , Scheurer Michael E. , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBirth weight is an established risk factor for some pediatric cancers but is dependent on gestational age and sex. Furthermore, it is unclear how associations may differ by infant sex, age at diagnosis, maternal race/ethnicity and maternal nativity status. We examined the association between size for gestation and a spectrum of pediatric cancers registered in the Texas Cancer Registry from 1995 to 2011. We analyzed up to 7547 cases and 37 735 controls. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression. Small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) were significantly associated with several tumors. SGA was associated with hepatic tumors (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.74). Conversely, inverse associations were with Hodgkin lymphoma (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.87) and soft tissue sarcomas (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.97). LGA was associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.57), Burkitt lymphoma (aOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.45) and germ cell tumors (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.23). Results did not differ when stratified by infant sex. The association with LGA and leukemia was strongest in those diagnosed 1 to 5 and 6 to 10 years. When stratified by maternal race/ethnicity, the association with LGA and neuroblastoma and renal tumors was strongest in children whose mother identified as non‐Hispanic/Latina (H/L) Black. Among H/L women, children of Mexican‐born women had a stronger association with LGA and leukemia, CNS tumors, neuroblastoma and renal tumors than children of US‐born women (aOR range: 1.61‐2.25 vs 1.12‐1.27). Size for gestation is associated with several pediatric cancers. Associations may differ by age at diagnosis, maternal race/ethnicity and nativity.
Urolithin B inhibits proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis and necrosis by inducing G2/M arrest and targeting MMP‐2/‐9 expression in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Tajvar Nasab Nahid , Jalili‐Nik Mohammad , Afshari Amir R. , Rezaei Farimani Azam , Soukhtanloo Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary bone cancer, with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Over the past decades, therapeutic approaches have not considerably improved patients' survival rates, and further research is required to find efficient treatments for OS. Data from several studies have shown that urolithin B (UB), the intestinal metabolite of polyphenolic ellagitannins, is emerging as a new class of anticancer compounds, yet its effect on OS cancer cells remains elusive. Herein, we investigated UB's antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects on the MG‐63 OS cell line. Cell viability assay, annexin V/propidium iodide staining, cell cycle arrest analysis, determination of the gene expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, Bax, Bcl‐2, and p53 messenger RNA (mRNA), evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and migration, and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 protein expression assessments were performed. UB caused late apoptosis, necrosis, G2/M arrest, and ROS generation in MG‐63 cells. It increased the mRNA expression of the p53 tumor suppressor and Bax proapoptotic genes. UB also inhibited the migration and metastatic behavior of MG‐63 OS cells by downregulating mRNA and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 protein expression. In general, although further in vivo investigations are warranted, the current results showed that UB might be utilized as a potential novel natural compound for OS therapy due to its nontoxic, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic nature.
Rituximab alleviates increased disomic sperm in DBA/1J mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis via restoration of redox imbalance
Authors: Attia Sabry M. , Al‐Hamamah Mohammed A. , Attia Mohamed S. M. , Alanazi Abdulrazaq , Ahmad Sheikh F. , Ansari Mushtaq A. , Nadeem Ahmed , Bakheet Saleh A. , Harisa Gamaleldin I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCompared to the general population, patients with arthritis have a higher risk of fertility abnormalities, which have deleterious effects on both reproductive function and pregnancy outcomes, especially in patients wishing to conceive. These may be due to the disease itself or those of drug therapies. Despite the increasing use of rituximab in arthritis, limited data are available on its potential to induce aneuploidy in germ cells. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation was to determine if repeated treatment with rituximab affects the incidence of aneuploidy and redox imbalance in arthritic mouse sperm. Mice were treated with 250 mg/kg rituximab once weakly for 3 weeks, and then sperm were sampled 22 days after the last dose of rituximab. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay with chromosome‐specific DNA probes was used to evaluate the disomic/diploid sperm. Our results showed that rituximab had no aneuploidogenic effect on the meiotic stage of spermatogenesis. Conversely, arthritis induced a significantly high frequency of disomy, and treatment of arthritic mice with rituximab reduced the increased levels of disomic sperm. The occurrence of total diploidy was not significantly different in all groups. Reduced glutathione and8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine, markers of oxidative stress were significantly altered in arthritic animals, while rituximab treatment restored these changes. Additionally, arthritis severity was reduced after rituximab treatment. We conclude that rituximab may efficiently alleviate the arthritis‐induced effects on male meiosis and avert the higher risk of abnormal reproductive outcomes. Therefore, treating arthritic patients with rituximab may efficiently inhibit the transmission of genetic anomalies induced by arthritis to future generations.
Lycopene attenuates silver nanoparticle‐induced liver injury in albino mice
Authors: More Sonal B. , Mohan Mahalaxmi , Kulkarni Prayrna , Ahire Kedar C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLycopene is a carotenoid widely used for its dominant antioxidant properties and beneficial health effects. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have gained attention for use in many medicinal and consumer products, leading to animal, human, and environmental exposure. This study investigated the dose‐dependent effects of lycopene on AgNP‐induced hepatotoxicity in albino mice. The four experimental groups, comprising eight albino mice each, were as follows: Group I, vehicle control (C); Group II, AgNP‐treated (5 mg/kg/day) (AgNP); Group III, AgNP/lycopene‐treated (5 + 10 mg/kg/day) (AgNP + LP10); and Group IV, AgNP/lycopene‐treated (5 + 100 mg/kg/day) (AgNP + LP100). All solutions were orally administered to the mice once in a day for consecutive 14 days. The levels of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin were significantly higher in the AgNP‐treated group than in the control group but significantly lower in the AgNP + LP100 group than in the AgNP‐treated group. A significant decrease in reduced glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity and an increase in lipid peroxidation were observed in the AgNP‐treated group; these were significantly suppressed in the AgNP+LP100 as compared to AgNP‐treated group. Histopathological examination showed substantial morphological alterations in hepatic tissues in the AgNP, which were adequately improved in the low and high dose lycopene‐treated groups. The dose of 100 mg/kg/day of lycopene was more effective than 10 mg/kg/day, as pretreatment with high dose lycopene significantly diminished the adverse changes occurred due to AgNP in liver weight, hepatic architecture, serum functional markers, and antioxidant markers. Thus, present study shows that pretreatment with lycopene offers protection against AgNP‐induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.
Enhancing dissolved inorganic phosphorous capture by gypsum‐incorporated biochar: Synergic performance and mechanisms
Authors: Katuwal Sarmila , Circenis Sophie , Zhao Linduo , Zheng Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExcess nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), in watersheds jeopardize water quality and trigger harmful algal blooms. Using phosphorus sorption material (PSM) to capture P from wastewater and agricultural runoff can help recover nutrients and prevent their water pollution. In this study, a novel designer biochar was generated by pyrolyzing woody biomass pretreated with a flue gas desulfurization gypsum. The removal of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) by the gypsum‐incorporated designer biochar was more efficient than the gypsum, suggesting the pretreatment of biomass with the gypsum results in a synergic effect on enhancing DIP capture. The maximum P adsorption capacity of the designer biochar was more than 200 mg g−1, which is one order of magnitude greater than that of the gypsum. This result clearly showed that the designer biochar is a better PSM to capture DIP from nutrient‐contaminated water compared to the gypsum. Post‐sorption characterization indicated that the sorption of DIP by the gypsum‐incorporated biochar involves multiple mechanisms. The precipitation reactions of calcium (Ca) cations and P anions to form CaHPO4 and Ca3(PO4)2 precipitates on the highly alkaline surface of the designer biochar were identified as a main mechanism. By contrast, CaHPO4·2H2O is the only precipitated product for DIP sorption by the gypsum. In addition, the initial solution pH and the coexisting bicarbonate had less effects on the DIP removal by the designer biochar in comparison with the gypsum, which further confirms that the former is an excellent PSM to capture DIP from a variety of aquatic media.
Rainbow connectivity of randomly perturbed graphs
Authors: Balogh József , Finlay John , Palmer Cory 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this note we examine the following random graph model: for an arbitrary graph , with quadratic many edges, construct a graph by randomly adding edges to and randomly coloring the edges of with colors. We show that for a large enough constant and , every pair of vertices in are joined by a rainbow path, that is, is rainbow connected, with high probability. This confirms a conjecture of Anastos and Frieze, who proved the statement for and resolved the case when and is a function of .
Structural properties of graph products
Authors: Hickingbotham Robert , Wood David R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDujmovć, Joret, Micek, Morin, Ueckerdt, and Wood established that every planar graph is a subgraph of the strong product of a graph with bounded treewidth and a path. Motivated by this result, this paper systematically studies various structural properties of cartesian, direct and strong products. In particular, we characterise when these graph products contain a given complete multipartite subgraph, determine tight bounds for their degeneracy, establish new lower bounds for the treewidth of cartesian and strong products, and characterise when they have bounded treewidth and when they have bounded pathwidth.
In silico identification and analysis of potential inhibitors for acid phosphatase, HppA from Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Sisodia Rinki , Mazumdar Pooja Anjali , Madhurantakam Chaithanya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is the most common cause of gastric ulcers and is associated with gastric cancer. The enzyme HppA of class C nonspecific acid phosphohydrolases (NSAPs) of H. pylori plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain. Herein, we report an in silico homology model of HppA consisting of a monomeric α + β model. A high throughput structure‐based virtual screening approach yielded potential inhibitors against HppA with higher binding energies. Further analyses of molecular interaction maps and protein–ligand fingerprints, followed by molecular mechanics‐generalized Born surface area (MM‐GBSA) end point binding energy calculations of docked complexes, resulted in the detection of top binders/ligands. Our investigations identified potential substrate‐competitive small molecule inhibitors of HppA, with admissible pharmacokinetic properties. These molecules may provide a starting point for developing novel therapeutic agents against H. pylori.
The impact of horizontal resolution on the representation of atmospheric circulation types in Western Europe using the MPI‐ESM model
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, the added value in using the sea level pressure field from the coupled higher‐resolution version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM‐HR), compared to the lower‐resolution version (MPI‐ESM‐LR) for circulation typing, within the regional context of Western Europe was examined. The results show that the MPI‐ESM‐HR and the MPI‐ESM‐LR simulations can produce the classified circulation types (CTs) and their long‐term statistical characteristics as obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis. Overall, there are improvements in the composite maps, probability of occurrence and annual cycle of the simulated CTs in the MPI‐ESM‐HR compared to the MPI‐ESM‐LR. The model bias in simulating the structure of anticyclonic circulations over the Western European landmass was reduced by 14% under MPI‐ESM‐HR. Furthermore, under the shared socio‐economic pathways (SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5) future emission scenarios, the historical CTs in the region of assessment were classified, suggesting that in Western Europe, the same historical CTs are present under future climate change scenarios. However, the frequency distribution and geographical structure of some of the CTs in Western Europe are projected to change by the MPI‐ESM model, especially under the higher future emission scenario.