bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping QTLs and gene validation studies for Mg2+ uptake and translocation using a MAGIC population in rice
Authors: Zhi Shuai , Zou Wenli , Li Jinyan , Meng Lijun , Liu Jindong , Chen Jingguang , Ye Guoyou 
Published: February 2023

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Rice is an important food crop in the world, but there are few studies on the uptake and translocation of Mg2+ in rice. We used a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population constructed using four parental lines and genotyped by a 55 K rice SNP array for association analysis to locate QTLs related to Mg2+ uptake and translocation in rice at the seedling stage. Four QTLs (qRMg1, qRMg2, qRMg7 and qRMg8) were detected for the root Mg2+ concentration, which explained 11.45-13.08% of the phenotypic variation. The Mg2+ transporter gene, OsMGT1, was within the region of qRMg1. Three QTLs (qSMg3, qSMg7 and qSMg10) were detected for the shoot Mg2+ concentration, which explained 4.30-5.46% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs (qTrMg3 and qTrMg8) were found to affect the translocation of Mg2+ from the roots to the shoots, and explained 10.91% and 9.63% of phenotypic variation. qSMg3 and qTrMg3 might be the same, since they are very close to each other on chromosome 3. Analysis of candidate genes in the region of qSMg3 and qTrMg3 through qRT-PCR, complementation assay in the yeast Mg2+ transport-defective mutant CM66, and sequence analysis of the parental lines suggested that LOC_Os03g04360 may play important roles in Mg2+ uptake, translocation and accumulation in rice. Overexpression of LOC_Os03g04360 can significantly increase the Mg2+ concentration in rice seedlings, especially under the condition of low Mg2+ supply.
Goal choice in preschoolers is influenced by context, cognitive flexibility, and metacognition
Authors: Leclercq Marion , Gimenes Guillaume , Maintenant Célia , Clerc Jérôme 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionGoal choice is one of the first, and most important, steps in self-regulated learning (SRL). It is particularly challenging for young children (before 5–6 years), who tend to rely on available environmental cues, which makes their goals fragile because of the instability and variability of the environment. Therefore, it can be assumed that the conditions under which a task is performed may influence a child’s learning goal choice. Moreover, adapting to constraints involves control capacities provided by executive functions (EF) and metacognition.MethodsThe main purpose of this study was to determine factors that influence the way preschoolers choose a learning goal during the first step of SRL. We tested whether adding constraints to perform a task may influence the choice of the procedure that a child aims to learn to perform this task. We also examined the role of cognitive flexibility and metacognition in goal selection in the face of these changes, and tested the influence of change over time, comparing participants’ performance at two points in the school year. One hundred 4-year-olds were asked to perform a jigsaw puzzle task under two conditions: predictable vs. unpredictable environmental change. Individual levels of cognitive flexibility and metacognition were also measured.ResultsThe results show that only a predictable change, but not an unpredictable one, leaded children to change their learning goals. Furthermore, when participants were faced with an unpredictable change, metacognition and cognitive flexibility significantly predicted learning goal change. Results are discussed regarding the development of SRL, flexibility, and metacognition. Educational suggestions are proposed.Highlights– The choice of a learning goal by a preschooler is influenced by the conditions of task performance and environmental cues. Facing a predictable change is more disruptive to children before the age of 4.5, and more likely to cause them to change their goal.– A shift is observed, from age 4 and during the school year, from a perceptual to a conceptual level of processing.– Cognitive flexibility and metacognition also determine learning goal choice in preschoolers, but only in front of unpredictable changes.
Increased physical activity, higher educational attainment, and the use of mobility aid are associated with self-esteem in people with physical disabilities
Authors: Alhumaid Majed M. , Said Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundHigh self-esteem can help people with disabilities overcome barriers and improve their mental health and well-being. This study sought to examine self-esteem levels among Saudis with physical disabilities based on socio-economic factors. It also aimed to determine the minimum weekly duration of physical activity performed by participants and examine its effects, along with those of other socio-economic factors, on participants’ self-esteem.MethodsA participant sample (N = 582) consisting of Saudi individuals aged 33.78 ± 9.81 years with physical disabilities (males, n = 289; females, n = 293) was recruited to participate in this study. Levels of self-esteem were measured using the Arabic version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.ResultsCompared to women, men demonstrated significantly higher levels of overall self-esteem, positive feelings, and negative feelings (p &lt; 0.01). The respondents’ average levels of overall self-esteem (p &lt; 0.001), positive feelings (p &lt; 0.01), and negative feelings (p &lt; 0.001) also varied by type of physical disability. Wheelchair-using participants had the highest values for self-esteem and positive feelings; cane-using participants or those who did not use mobility aids had the lowest values. Weighted least squares regression showed that weekly physical activity was the factor that most affected self-esteem (β = 0.002), followed by education level (β = 0.115), then type of mobility device used (β = −0.07).ConclusionIncreased weekly physical activity, higher education levels, and the use of mobility aids were the factors likely to improve the self-esteem of Saudis with physical disabilities.
Top management team faultlines and corporate industrial diversification: The mediating role of strategic attentional breadth
Authors: Chen Weihong , Chen Chen , Xiong Xiaoguo 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIntegrating faultline theory and the attention-based view, this paper explores the impact and process mechanisms of two types of faultlines (i.e., task-related faultlines and relationship-related faultlines) within top management teams (TMTs), specifically on corporate industrial diversification.MethodsBased on the unbalanced panel data of Chinese A-share non-financial listed firms from 2008-2021, this study uses the fixed-effects model for hypothesis testing.ResultsFirst, task-related TMT faultlines promote corporate industrial diversification, while conversely, relationship-related TMT faultlines inhibit corporate industrial diversification. Second, task-related TMT faultlines promote firms’ strategic attentional breadth, while conversely, relationship-related TMT faultlines inhibit firms’ strategic attentional breadth. Third, strategic attentional breadth plays a partially-mediating role in the relationship between both types of TMT faultlines and firms’ industrial diversification.DiscussionThis study extends the research related to corporate industrial diversification based on micro-level explanatory mechanisms, and also provides implications and guidance for the rational allocation of TMT and firms’ industrial diversification management practices.
Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Functioning Self-Assessment Scale in community-dwelling adults: A cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Chung Krista Ching Wai , Nam Sujin , Li Sha , Fan Heidi Sze Lok , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Kwok Jojo Yan Yan , Davies Hugh , Huang Lixi , Annunziata Maria Antonietta , Fong Daniel Yee Tak 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe Cognitive Functioning Self-Assessment Scale (CFSS) was developed to allow the self-assessment of perceived cognitive functioning. It has been tested with satisfactory reliability and validity but was not available for the Chinese population. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Chinese version of the CFSS for community-dwelling adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study of a sample of 1,002 Chinese adults from the general population was conducted online (July–August 2022). The Chinese version of the CFSS with 18 items was created through translation, cognitive debriefing, and psychometric evaluation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the first half of the randomly split sample. A model derived from EFA was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the second half of the sample. The model fits were further evaluated with and without subgrouping by age, gender, and education level. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega hierarchical coefficients (ωH).ResultsEFA (n = 460) revealed a three-factor solution, including spatio-temporal orientation, attention, and memory, which explained 51% of the total variance. The second-order CFA (n = 510) demonstrated a good fit: CFI = 0.951, TLI = 0.944, RMSEA = 0.054, SRMR = 0.040. A second-order multiple-group analysis showed that the structure was invariant by age, gender, and education level. The total CFSS score was significantly associated with the Chinese version of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (r = 0.56, p&lt; 0.001) and the Chinese version of the seven-item General Anxiety Disorder (r = 0.53, p&lt;0.001). The internal consistency reliability was satisfactory, with α = 0.94 and ωH = 0.84. The item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.58 to 0.72.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the CFSS possesses good item characteristics, satisfactory validity, and reliability for assessing self-reported cognitive functioning among community-dwelling adults. It is a feasible and appropriate self-assessment instrument to examine cognitive functioning in the Hong Kong Chinese population, which contributes to monitoring and developing strategies to prevent and manage cognitive impairment and disorders for the public’s cognitive health and well-being.
Amygdala connectivity related to subsequent stress responses during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Zhou Yuan , He Yuwen , Jin Yuening , Zeidman Peter , Gao Lianlu , Rong Bei , Huang Huan , Feng Yuan , Cui Jian , Zhang Shudong , Wang Yun , Wang Gang , Xiang Yu-Tao , Wang Huiling 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe amygdala plays an important role in stress responses and stress-related psychiatric disorders. It is possible that amygdala connectivity may be a neurobiological vulnerability marker for stress responses or stress-related psychiatric disorders and will be useful to precisely identify the vulnerable individuals before stress happens. However, little is known about the relationship between amygdala connectivity and subsequent stress responses. The current study investigated whether amygdala connectivity measured before experiencing stress is a predisposing neural feature of subsequent stress responses while individuals face an emergent and unexpected event like the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsData collected before the COVID-19 pandemic from an established fMRI cohort who lived in the pandemic center in China (Hubei) during the COVID-19 outbreak were used to investigate the relationship between amygdala connectivity and stress responses during and after the pandemic in 2020. The amygdala connectivity was measured with resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and effective connectivity.ResultsWe found the rsFC of the right amygdala with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) was negatively correlated with the stress responses at the first survey during the COVID-19 outbreak, and the rsFC between the right amygdala and bilateral superior frontal gyri (partially overlapped with the dmPFC) was correlated with SBSC at the second survey. Dynamic causal modeling suggested that the self-connection of the right amygdala was negatively correlated with stress responses during the pandemic.DiscussionOur findings expand our understanding about the role of amygdala in stress responses and stress-related psychiatric disorders and suggest that amygdala connectivity is a predisposing neural feature of subsequent stress responses.
Promoting the well-being of rural elderly people for longevity among different birth generations: A healthy lifestyle perspective
Authors: Li Xian , Gao Min , Chu Meijie , Huang Shiling , Fang Zhiwei , Chen Tianmu , Lee Chun-Yang , Chiang Yi-Chen 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundWellbeing may have a protective role in health maintenance. However, no specific study clarified the particular protective effect of the subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people on survival probability. Few studies have examined the effect of the lifestyle of rural elderly people on their subjective wellbeing from different perspectives. We investigated whether improving subjective wellbeing increased the probability of longevity of rural elderly people and the effects of lifestyle behaviors on the subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people in different birth generations.Materials and methodsData were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which is an ongoing open cohort study that adopts a multistage, random clustered sampling process. We used the data of elderly people who were aged 65 or over during 2006–2015 for analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test found that the survival probability of rural elderly people was significantly lower than urban elderly people. Based on a sample of rural elderly people, Cox regression and generalized estimating equations were performed as further analyses.ResultsA total of 892 rural elderly people aged 65 or over were included in the sample in 2006. High subjective wellbeing was a protective factor against death. The subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people born in the 1940s/1930s/1908–1920s birth generations first decreased then increased. For rural elderly people born in the 1940s, there were significant positive effects of a preference for eating vegetables and walking/Tai Chi on subjective wellbeing. For rural elderly people born in the 1930s, preferences for eating vegetables, reading, and watching TV all had significant positive effects on subjective wellbeing. Rural elderly people born in the 1908–1920s who preferred watching TV had more subjective wellbeing.ConclusionImproving subjective wellbeing extended the life span and reduced mortality risk in rural elderly people and may be achieved by the shaping of a healthy lifestyle, such as preferences for eating vegetables, walking/Tai Chi, and reading.
Working conditions, authorizations, mental health, and job satisfaction of physician assistants in Germany
Authors: Treusch Yvonne , Möckel Luis , Kohlstedt Karin 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study explores associations among the overall and facet-specific job satisfaction, work-related factors, responsibilities, and mental health of physician assistants (PAs) in Germany to identify factors that prolong the lifetime and wellbeing of PAs in practice and to counteract the shortage of healthcare staff.MethodsAn online survey comprising sociodemographic and work-related items, items from the short questionnaire of general and facet-specific job satisfaction (KAFA), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were distributed to PAs working in Germany in 2021 (cross-sectional survey design). Descriptive statistics, DASS-21 subscale score analysis, t-test, ANOVA, or Kruskal–Wallis test was used.ResultsPAs (n = 169) were working mainly in surgery (23.2%), internal medicine (20.3%), or orthopedics and trauma surgery (17.5%), whereas only a few PAs were working in emergency care, geriatrics, neurology, or oncology. They were responsible for a broad spectrum of medical activities depending on the practice setting. PAs working in emergency care claimed to be the most empowered, followed by PAs in orthopedics and surgery. Almost all PAs carried out documentation, anamnesis, and diagnostic services. Although almost all PAs rated their overall job satisfaction as good, satisfactory, or pleasant (91.6%), single facets of job satisfaction were rated differently. Colleagues and supervisors were assessed very positively, whereas payment and professional activities were rated rather average and development opportunities even worse. PAs working in oncology demonstrated the highest overall job satisfaction, followed by PAs working in geriatrics and emergency care. Overall job satisfaction was significantly negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress scores (p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.05, respectively). Particularly, female gender, having an urban residence, and PAs working in oncology demonstrated significantly increased anxiety scores. Moreover, depression scores of PAs working in oncology or neurology or with a low net income exceeded critical cutoff values.ConclusionInterventions aimed at removing the significant negative correlation among job satisfaction, depression, anxiety, and stress scores are needed. To retain PAs in their jobs, salary, autonomy, and development opportunities should be improved and prevention programs for anxiety and depression should be offered. Remarkably, PAs' overall good job satisfaction was mainly determined by good evaluations of supervisors and colleagues.
Feasibility, coverage, and inter-rater reliability of the assessment of therapeutic interaction by a humanoid robot providing arm rehabilitation to stroke survivors using the instrument THER-I-ACT
Authors: Platz Thomas , Pedersen Ann Louise , Bobe Stephanie 
Published: February 2023

Objective: The instrument THERapy-related InterACTion (THER-I-ACT) was developed to document therapeutic interactions comprehensively in the human therapist–patient setting. Here, we investigate whether the instrument can also reliably be used to characterise therapeutic interactions when a digital system with a humanoid robot as a therapeutic assistant is used.Methods:Participants and therapy: Seventeen stroke survivors receiving arm rehabilitation (i.e., arm basis training (ABT) for moderate-to-severe arm paresis [n = 9] or arm ability training (AAT) for mild arm paresis [n = 8]) using the digital therapy system E-BRAiN over a course of nine sessions. Analysis of the therapeutic interaction: A total of 34 therapy sessions were videotaped. All therapeutic interactions provided by the humanoid robot during the first and the last (9th) session of daily training were documented both in terms of their frequency and time used for that type of interaction using THER-I-ACT. Any additional therapeutic interaction spontaneously given by the supervising staff or a human helper providing physical assistance (ABT only) was also documented. All ratings were performed by two trained independent raters.Statistical analyses: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for the frequency of occurrence and time used for each category of interaction observed.Results: Therapeutic interactions could comprehensively be documented and were observed across the dimensions provision of information, feedback, and bond-related interactions. ICCs for therapeutic interaction category assessments from 34 therapy sessions by two independent raters were high (ICC ≥0.90) for almost all categories of the therapeutic interaction observed, both for the occurrence frequency and time used for categories of therapeutic interactions, and both for the therapeutic interaction performed by the robot and, even though much less frequently observed, additional spontaneous therapeutic interactions by the supervisory staff and a helper being present. The ICC was similarly high for an overall subjective rating of the concentration and engagement of patients (0.87).Conclusion: Therapeutic interactions can comprehensively and reliably be documented by trained raters using the instrument THER-I-ACT not only in the traditional patient–therapist setting, as previously shown, but also in a digital therapy setting with a humanoid robot as the therapeutic agent and for more complex therapeutic settings with more than one therapeutic agent being present.
Impact of intra-articular injection with tranexamic acid on total blood loss and postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery
Authors: Zhu Rangteng , Jiang Hantao , Xu Wei , Shen Liping , Jin Gang 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of intra-articular injection with tranexamic acid (TXA) on total blood loss (TBL) and postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR).MethodsThis study retrospectively included patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears who underwent shoulder ARCR surgery in Taizhou hospital, China, between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients received 10 ml (100 mg/ml) of intra-articular TXA injection (TXA group) or 10 ml of normal saline (non-TXA group) after the incision was sutured. The primary variable was the type of drug injected into the shoulder joint at the end of the operation. The primary outcome were perioperative TBL and postoperative pain [measured by visual analog scale (VAS)]. The secondary outcomes were differences in red blood cell count, hemoglobin count, hematocrit, platelet count.ResultsA total of 162 patients were included, 83 patients in TXA group and 79 patients in non-TXA group. Notably, patients in TXA group were more likely to have lower TBL volume [261.21 (175.13–506.67) ml vs. 382.41 (236.11–593.31), P = 0.025], and postoperative VAS score ≤ 2 within 24 h (P = 0.031) compared with those in non-TXA group. In addition, the median hemoglobin count difference was significantly lower in TXA group than that of in non-TXA group (P = 0.045), while, the differences in median counts of red blood cell, hematocrit, and platelet between the two groups were comparable (all P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionIntra-articular injection of TXA might reduce the TBL and degree of postoperative pain within 24 h after shoulder arthroscopy.
Modification and application of “zero-line” incision design in total endoscopic gasless unilateral axillary approach thyroidectomy: A preliminary report
Authors: Wang Huiling , Liu Rui , Zhang Chaojie , Fang Qian , Zeng Zheng , Wang Wanlin , You Shuo , Fang Meng , Dingtian Jinhao 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionGasless unilateral trans-axillary approach (GUA) thyroidectomy has witnessed rapid development in technologies and applications. However, the existence of surgical retractors and limited space would increase the difficulty of guaranteeing the visual field and disturb safe surgical manipulation. We aimed to develop a novel zero-line method for incision design to access optimal surgical manipulation and outcomes.MethodsA total of 217 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent GUA were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly classified into two groups (classical incision and zero-line incision), and their operative data were collected and reviewed.Results216 enrolled patients underwent and completed GUA; among them, 111 patients were classified into the classical group, and 105 patients were classified into the zero-line group, respectively. Demographic data, including age, gender, and the primary tumor side, were similar between the two groups. The duration of surgery in the classical group was longer (2.66 ± 0.68 h) than in the zero-line group (1.40 ± 0.47 h) (p &lt; 0.001). The counts of central compartment lymph node dissection were higher in the zero-line group (5.03 ± 3.02 nodes) than that in the classical group (3.05 ± 2.68 nodes) (p &lt; 0.001). The score of postoperative neck pain was lower in the zero-line group (1.0 ± 0.36) than that in the classical group (3.3 ± 0.54) (p &lt; 0.05). The difference in cosmetic achievement was not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThe “zero-line” method for GUA surgery incision design was simple but effective for GUA surgery manipulation and worth promoting.