bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rational modulation of autophagy sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluouracil and Oxaliplatin
Authors: Baldasso-Zanon Andrea , Silva Andrew Oliveira , Franco Nayara , Picon Rafael , Lenz Guido , Lopez Patrícia Luciana da Costa , Filippi-Chiela Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and deadliest cancers globally. The primary chemotherapy used for treating CRC is a co-treatment of 5-fluoruracil (5FU) and Oxaliplatin (OXA). In this study, we investigated the cellular mechanisms that contribute to the response and resistance of CRC cells to these drugs using an experimental design mimicking the clinical schedule. To this, we treated and analyzed CRC human cell lines HCT116 and HT29 with the drugs for 48h, followed by analysis for two additional weeks. We found that although the drugs did not show additive toxicity at 48 hours, they had a strong additive effect in the weeks post-treatment, reducing both the regrowth of cell population and the proliferative capacity of single cells. Co-treatment induced apoptosis and senescence, peaking at 3 days and 7 days after treatment, respectively. However, despite this, cells from all conditions resumed population proliferation and acquired a viable phenotype. We then search for cellular mechanisms involved in the tolerance and recurrence of CRC cells. In the weeks post-treatment, the co-treatment showed the greatest toxicity and, in contrast to single treatments, blocked the enrichment of CD133-positive cells. Furthermore, our findings indicated that cells that resisted 5FU and/or OXA triggered high levels of autophagy. Autophagy levels reached a peak 5 to 7 days after the treatment. Pharmacologic suppression of autophagy during its activation, but not together with the chemotherapeutics, strongly reduced cell regrowth and clonogenicity. Overall, our preclinical model provides new insights into the cellular mechanisms that underlie the response and resistance of CRC cells to 5FU and OXA, suggesting optimized, time-specific autophagy inhibition as a new avenue for improving the efficacy of current treatments.
One-pot catalytic conversion of cellulose to ethanol at low pressure and temperature conditions: H2O as self hydrolytic and hydrogenating agent
Authors: Madduluri Venkata Rao , Mazran Siti Khadijah , Saud Anisah Sajidah , Maniam Gaanty Pragas , Roslan Rasidi , Rahim Mohd Hasbi Ab 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this research article, ethanol production has been proposed through the one-pot catalytic conversion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) over Pd-Ni/iron catalysts without any prior reduction under viable and inert experimental conditions. The Pd-Ni on iron oxide catalysts was prepared by facile co-precipitation and impregnation methods. Under optimized experimental conditions, the synthesized catalysts were systematically tested for efficient conversion of microcrystalline cellulose using H2O as a green solvent, hydrolytic and self-protonating agent. The different ethanol yields and microcrystalline cellulose conversions obtained over impregnated and co-precipitated catalysts were obtained under different temperatures and pressure conditions, respectively. However, the catalyst used in the impregnation method afforded higher ethanol yields than co-precipitated catalysts under similar conditions. The impregnated Pd-Ni/iron oxide catalyst provided improved catalytic activity due to uniformly dispersed active metal particles, optimum crystalline size and structure, and high surface area. The characterization of the catalysts was carried out by XRD, BET, and FTIR techniques. From FTIR and XRD analyses, it was clearly observed that the Pd-Ni/iron oxide catalyst forms Fe-O, Pd-O, NiFe2O4and Ni-O functional groups. In addition, the spent catalyst was tested for reusability to determine its reactivity towards cellulose conversion. The results show that the spent catalyst could convert maximum amounts of microcrystalline cellulose and achieved comparable yields to fresh catalyst.
Effect of Dust Events on Windfarm Performance: A Case Study of Jhimpir Region, Pakistan
Authors: Nayyar Zeeshan Alam , Nadeem Nida , Saeed Muhammad , Ahsan Kamran , Ali Syed Zeeshan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the shift to sustainable electricity generation, wind energy has emerged as a key renewable energy source. However electricity generation by tapping into the kinetic energy of the wind is extremely sensitive to various factors including wind turbine’s blade design, blade mass and blade surface roughness as well as topography, geography and the environment of turbine installation vicinity. Coastal stretch of Sindh and Balochistan provinces have been identified as the wind corridor of Pakistan and all of the operational wind farms of Pakistan are sited in Jhimpir and Gharo regions of southern Sindh province. However, these regions are identified as arid-desertic in nature affected by various sorts of dust events such as dust/sand storms, dust in suspension, blowing/drifting dust, etc. with very high humidity and low precipitation levels. In this connection, a study has been designed and conducted to determine the extent of dusty nature of study region and evaluate the effects of dust on the electrical output of the wind turbine in Jhimpir against its theoretical or forecasted output. The study's findings indicate that there is a large percentage difference between theoretical and real output during the months that follow the months with greater dust activity. In addition, the dust accumulated over time, gradually increasing the percentage errors. Therefore, there is a need to take adequate measures and install custom made turbines in these types of regions which can bear the hardship of the seasons and environment to achieve optimal output.
Evaluation of Women's Abortion Knowledge and Attitudes in Syria: An Online Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bohsas Haidara , Alibrahim Hidar , Swed Sarya , Rais Mohammed Amir , Aljabali Ahmed , Jawish Nagham , Saleh Heba Haj , Nasif Mohamad Nour , Bayoun Doaa , Hasan Rand , Melhem Faten , Hafez Wael , Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Unsafe abortion is terminating an unwanted pregnancy in a non-medical setting, with incompetent physicians, or both. Women's understanding of legal abortion might impact their choice to seek safe and legal abortion services; thus, this study aims to assess Syrian females’ attitudes and knowledge regarding legalized abortion and identify the factors associated with positive attitudes and good knowledge.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among Syrian women from 18 November 2022 to 3 January 2023. The inclusion criteria were all Syrian women in the reproductive above 18 years. The questionnaire consisted of 25 items separated into four sections: sociodemographic information, abortion medical history, knowledge about legalized abortion, and attitudes toward legalized abortion.Results This study included 1648 women of reproductive age. The age group 20–24 had the most participants (37.8%). Most participants (85.9%) have never had an unwanted pregnancy. Nearly half of the participants (49.5%) favored the legalization of abortion on patient demand; however, only 31.3% would perform an abortion if it was legalized. Only 26% of the participants state that they know what safe abortion is. Only 23.6% of respondents agreed that women decide to terminate their pregnancy for any reason. More than half of the participants do not know about abortion complications (59.8%), and 56.3% do not know if abortion is legal in Syria. Married women were 1.3 times more likely to favor abortion legality than single women (P-value = 0.035). In comparison, married women were less likely to have a good knowledge regarding abortion legality compared to singles (OR = 0.708, P-value = 0.005).Conclusion Syrian women have moderate views on legalized abortion, yet information gaps exist. Awareness and natural knowledge initiatives are needed to encourage women to use legal abortion techniques and avoid harmful outcomes. Healthcare practitioners should tell pregnant women about legal abortion and assist them in getting a safe abortion if needed.
The development of cognitive workload management framework based on neuronal dynamics principle to maintain train driver’s health and railway safety
Authors: Sugiono Sugiono , Nugroho Willy Satrio , Rahayudi Bayu , Lintangsari Alies Poetri , Lustyana Astuteryanti Tri 
Published: May 2023

Fatigue increases the tendency of poor train driving strategy decision. Decision making in cognitive overload and cognitive underload situation mostly outputs bad decisions. Accordingly, train driver’s cognitive function is required to be sTable during travel so that they can give correct response at a given situation. This study constructs a conceptual framework for cognitive workload management (CWM) of train driver by taking the energy expenses from cognition into the account. This study combines objective and subjective cognitive workload analysis to evaluate train driver duty readiness. The objective load analysis was performed through energy level approximation based on neuronal dynamics simulation from 76 brain regions. The cognitive energy expenditure (CEE) calculated from neuron action potential (NAP) and the ion-membrane current (IMC) from the simulation results. The cognitive load (CL) approximated by converts the continuous time-based CEE to discrete frequency-based CL using Fourier series. The subjective cognitive workload obtained from train simulation results followed by 27 participants. The participants fill the questionnaire based on their simulated journey experience. The results of the evaluation used to build readiness evaluation classifier based on control chart. The control chart evaluation helps the management to determine weekly rest period and daily short rest period treatment base on each train driver workload. The CWM framework allows different recovery treatment to be applied to each train driver. The impact of the CWM application is the performance of train drivers are kept stable. Thus, the CWM framework based on CEE is useful to prevent physical and mental fatigue
Effect of particle size on ignition and oxidation of single aluminum: molecular dynamics study
Authors: Darsin Mahros , Fachri Boy Arief , Nurdiansyah Haidzar 
Published: May 2023

Alumina nanoparticle is one of the attractive nanoparticles synthesized by the plasma method. The oxidation step in this method is challenging to explain experimentally. This work was to perform a molecular dynamics simulation to determine the oxidation mechanism of aluminum nanoparticles with different sizes and oxidation levels in the oxide layer. This work was to perform a molecular dynamics simulation to determine the oxidation mechanism of aluminum nanoparticles with different sizes and oxidation levels in the oxide layer. The simulation method employed the ReaxFF potential. The material used is aluminum nanoparticles in three different sizes (8, 12, and 16 nm) with an oxide layer thickness of 0.5 nm. Aluminum nanoparticles were given a relaxation treatment of 300 K for 1 ps and then heated to a temperature of 3250 K with a heating rate of 5×1013 K/s and cooled to 300 K. The ensemble used is a canonical ensemble with the Nose/Hoover thermostat method. The result shows that the higher the temperature applied to the system, the more oxygen molecules adsorption occurs on the surface of the oxide layer and the diffusion of oxygen to the particle core. The higher temperature applied also causes gaps, or void spaces, between the core and the shell. The reaction barrier for diffusion of oxygen also decreased significantly due to void space, and the surface of the aluminum core dissociates to the surface (alumina shell). Particles with a smaller size have a shorter ignition delay time. In addition, the smaller the particle size, the more oxygen molecules' reacted with aluminum particles in the particle core
The Implication of Behavioral and Molecular Factors on COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Imran Safaa , Omran Huda , Almaliki Mohamed Salman , Mohammed Qusay , Alrudani Duna , Imran Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Worldwide, more than 6 million individuals have passed away in the two years since the pandemic began. The mortality and infection rates for
men and women differ significantly across the several nations impacted by SARS-CoV-2. Many features of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle are
influenced by several processes. The numerous ways in which genetic, epigenetic, or behavioral mechanisms affect the viral life cycle and the
host's immune response to infection have led to identifying potential markers. COVID-19 causes various symptoms, from minor respiratory
symptoms to fatal respiratory syndrome, with men, regardless of age, having a worsened illness course than women and a higher mortality rate.

:
Gender differences in illness progression can be attributed to genetic variables like chromosomal characteristics and behavioral factors like hygiene
behaviors. In this review, we extracted data from various WHO guidelines and other articles and the main molecular and behavioral mechanisms
involved in COVID-19 disease are highlighted. Exploration of these factors may explain why COVID-19 affects gender differently.
Hypothesizing the Green Synthesis of Tamoxifen Loaded Magnetic
Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tyagi Neha , Ralli Tanya , Ali Asgar , Kohli Kanchan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death all over the world and is
not only limited to females but also affects males. For estrogen receptor-positive breast
cancer, tamoxifen has been considered the gold-line therapy for many decades.
However, due to the side effects associated with the use of tamoxifen, its use is only
limited to individuals in high-risk groups and limits its clinical application to moderate
and/or lower-risk groups. Thus, there is a necessity to decrease the dose of tamoxifen,
which can be achieved by targeting the drug to breast cancer cells and limiting its
absorption to other body parts.

:
Artificial antioxidants used in the formulation preparation are assumed to upsurge the
risk of cancer and liver damage in humans. The need of the hour is to explore bioefficient
antioxidants from natural plant sources as they are safer and additionally
possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.

:
The objective of this hypothesis is to prepare tamoxifen-loaded PEGylated NiO
nanoparticles using green chemistry, tumbling the toxic effects of the conventional
method of synthesis for targeted delivery to breast cancer cells.

:
The significance of the work is to hypothesize a green method for the synthesis of NiO
nanoparticles that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, decrease multidrug resistance, and
can be used for targeted therapy. Garlic extract contains an organosulfur compound
(Allicin) which has drug-metabolizing, anti-oxidant, and tumour growth inhibition effects.
In breast cancer, allicin sensitizes estrogen receptors, increasing the anticancer efficacy
of tamoxifen and reducing offsite toxicity. Thus, this garlic extract would act as a
reducing agent and a capping agent. The use of nickel salt can help in targeted delivery
to breast cancer cells and, in turn, reduces drug toxicity in different organs.

:
This novel strategy may aim for cancer management with less toxic agents acting as an
apt therapeutic modality.
Pharmacological Attributes of Fenugreek with Special Reference to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Varshney Himanshi , Siddique Yasir Hasan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
An annual plant, Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) has well-known
health care benefits in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Its leaves and seeds have alkaloids, amino
acids, caumarins, flavonoids, saponins, and other bioactive components. Various pharmacological
properties such as antioxidants, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic have been attributed to fenugreek.
Trigonelline, diosgenin, and 4- hydroxyisoleucine have shown neuroprotection against Alzheimer’s
disease, and the extract have also been reported to act as an anti-depressant, anti-anxiety, and also
regulate cognitive functions. This review highlights various studies carried out on animals as well as
on humans for the protective effect against Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods:
The data presented in this review is taken from popular search engines, viz, Google Scholar,
PubMed, and Scopus. This review highlights the studies and clinical trials performed to show the
protective effect of Fenugreek on neurodegenerative diseases with special reference to AD from 2005
to 2023.

Results:
Fenugreek improves cognitive deficits by Nrf2-mediated antioxidative pathway and provides
neuroprotection against amyloid-beta-induced mitochondria dysfunction. It enhances SOD and catalase
activities and scavenges reactive oxygen species to protect the cellular organelle from oxidative
stress. It normalizes the tubulin protein and improved axonal growth by regulating nerve growth factors.
Fenugreek can also influence metabolism.

Discussion:
Fenugreek significantly improves the pathological symptoms of neurodegenerative disease,
especially AD and can be used as a therapeutic agent to control disease conditions as evidenced
by the review of the literature.
Synthesizing Conducting Poly(Aniline-co-Aminoacetophenone) Nanocomposites
based on Polyhydroxy Iron Cation–modified Clay
Authors: Rekrak Yasmine , Yahiaoui Ahmed , Hachemaoui Aicha , Dehbi Abdelkader , Mouacher Leila , Reguig Abdelkarim Bendoukha , Mourad Abdelhamid Ismail 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Conductive clay–polymer nanocomposites were prepared via the in situ polymerization of
aminoacetophenone and/or aniline monomers (at initial “aminoacetophenone:aniline”) in the presence
of polyhydroxy iron cation–modified montmorillonite (MMT-PIC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
analysis demonstrated the characteristic bands of the MMT-PIC polymers/copolymers. The
morphological properties analyzed and imaged through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy,
respectively, displayed an increasing interlayer distance with the mass loading of PIC and
poly(aminoacetophenone-co-aniline) (poly(AAP-co-ANI)), affording intercalated nanocomposites.
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements revealed that the clay experienced a cation exchange
of sodium by the PIC, and poly(AAP-co-ANI) was present in large amounts on the nanocomposite
surface. The electrical conductivity of the obtained nanocomposites was 5.760 × 10−5 S⋅cm−1.
Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of the polymers extracted from the nanocomposites was studied
via cyclic voltammetry; the redox processes indicated that the polymerization into activated carbon
produced electroactive polymers.
Anilinopyrimidines: A Review Exploring Synthetic Approaches and Biological
Activity
Authors: Pathak Shilpi , Pandey Rahul , Agrawal Neetu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Anilinopyrimidines have a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal,
and anticancer effects. They have a wide range of uses and opportunities due to their varied
experimental preparation and study activities. This creates a lot of interest, experiments and analytical
analyses are still being conducted to understand their medicinal chemistry better. According to their
effects, which can include antifungal and antibacterial, anticancer or antitumor, and other properties,
anilinopyrimidines are categorized in this review. In conclusion, it is critical to base the design of new
anilinopyrimidine derivatives and the creation of novel synthesis methodologies on the most recent
information discovered through recent research. This review intends to shed light on advancements in
the synthetic and biological activity of analogs of anilinopyrimidines.
An Update on the Effect Of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Alfayez Abdulrahman I. , Alfallaj Jawaher M. , Mobark Mugahid A. , Alalwan Abdullah A. , Alfayez Osamah M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of liver disease,
specifically chronic liver disease. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with the risk of NAFLD
given that patients usually have insulin resistance as one of the observed complications with
NAFLD. Hypoglycemic agents, including sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2), have shown
to improve NAFLD. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on
NAFLD patients’ outcomes, whether they have T2DM or not. We conducted a comprehensive
search using the PubMed and Ovid databases to identify published studies that addressed the use of
SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD patients. The outcomes assessed include changes in liver enzymes,
lipid profiles, weight changes, the fibrosis-4-index (FIB4), and magnetic resonance imaging proton
density-based fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). Only clinical trials that met the quality measures were included
in this review. Out of 382 potential studies, we included 16 clinical trials that discussed the
use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD patients. A total of 753 patients were enrolled in these trials.
The majority of the trials reported positive effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on liver enzymes; alanine
transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase. All 10
trials that reported changes in body mass index (BMI) from baseline showed a statistically significant
reduction with SGLT-2 inhibitor use, while 11 studies reported a significant increase in high
density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, 3 studies reported a reduction in triglycerides (TG) levels, and 2
studies showed a decrease in low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The available evidence shows
that the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD is associated with positive outcomes on liver enzymes,
lipid profiles, and BMI. Further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up time
are warranted.
Update on Placenta Accreta Spectrum Diagnosis and Management Challenges
Authors: Alalfy Mahmoud , Elgazzar Ahmed , Samy Ahmed , Said Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders, also known as morbidly adherent placenta
(MAP) include anomalous adherence of the placenta to implantation location.

:
PAS could be classified into 3 categories based on the penetration distance of trophoblasts via the myometrium
and serosa of the uterus into placenta accreta, increta, and percreta.

:
A recent study in 2020 showed that using the introduced model based on 3 parameters; uterovesical
vascularity, unusual lacunae (grades 2 and 3), and bladder wall interruption, has 100% accuracy in the
diagnosis of PAS.

:
Accurate diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP), helps in multidisciplinary team management
at delivery, with better maternal and neonatal outcomes.

:
PAS could be suspected early in pregnancy by recognizing women with doubted Cesarean scar pregnancy
(CSP) because CSP in the first trimester and PAS in the second and third trimesters might denote
various stages of a similar pathology.

:
Gray scale US with or without adding color Doppler and made by transabdominal or trans vaginal
route are commonly utilized for prenatal screening and diagnosis of PAS.

:
In a recent study made by Alalfy et al. in 2021 they revealed the systematic combined approach with
the use of Alalfy Simple Criteria for assessment of placenta previa and PAS using 3D TUI (Tomographic
Ultrasound Imaging and 3D power Doppler has a high diagnostic value in the diagnosis of
PAS from the non-adherent placenta, the estimation of the myometrial thickness and the depth of placental
invasion with the determination of different PAS subgroup plus defining diffuse from focal invasion
(Figs. 1 and 2).