bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Built Environment and Sleep Health: A Longitudinal Study in Low-Income and Predominantly African-American Neighborhoods
Authors: Kim Byoungjun , Troxel Wendy M , Dubowitz Tamara , Hunter Gerald P , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Chaix Basile , Rudolph Kara E , Morrison Christopher N , Branas Charles C , Duncan Dustin T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the present study, we examined the associations between physical characteristics of neighborhoods and sleep health outcomes and assessed the mediating role of physical activity in these associations. A longitudinal study (the Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Eating, Shopping, and Health (PHRESH) Zzz Study; n = 1,051) was conducted in 2 low-income, predominately African-American neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with repeated measures of neighborhood characteristics and sleep health outcomes from 2013 to 2018. Built environment measures of walkability, urban design, and neighborhood disorder were captured from systematic field observations. Sleep health outcomes included insufficient sleep, sleep duration, wakefulness after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency measured from 7-day actigraphy data. G-computations based on structural nested mean models were used to examine the total effects of each built environment feature, and causal mediation analyses were used to evaluate direct and indirect effects operating through physical activity. Urban design features were associated with decreased wakefulness after sleep onset (risk difference (RD) = −1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): −4.31, −0.33). Neighborhood disorder (RD = −0.46, 95% CI: −0.86, −0.07) and crime rate (RD = −0.54, 95% CI: −0.93, −0.08) were negatively associated with sleep efficiency. Neighborhood walkability was not associated with sleep outcomes. We did not find a strong and consistent mediating role of physical activity. Interventions to improve sleep should target modifiable factors, including urban design and neighborhood disorder.
Vein network redundancy and mechanical resistance mitigate gas exchange losses under simulated herbivory in desert plants
Authors: Duarte Miguel A , Woo Sabrina , Hultine Kevin , Blonder Benjamin , Aparecido Luiza Maria T 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerbivory can impact gas exchange, but the causes of interspecific variation in response remain poorly understood. We aimed to determine (1) what effects does experimental herbivory damage to leaf midveins have on leaf gas exchange and, (2) whether changes in leaf gas exchange after damage was predicted by leaf mechanical or venation traits. We hypothesized that herbivory-driven impacts on leaf gas exchange would be mediated by (1a/1b) venation networks, either by more vein resistance, or possibly trading off with other structural defenses; (2a/2b) or more reticulation (resilience, providing more alternate flow pathways after damage) or less reticulation (sectoriality, preventing spread of reduced functionality after damage). We simulated herbivory by damaging the midveins of four leaves from each of nine Sonoran Desert species. We then measured the percent change in photosynthesis (ΔAn%), transpiration (ΔEt%) and stomatal conductance (Δgsw%) between treated and control leaves. We assessed the relationship of each with leaf venation traits and other mechanical traits. ΔAn% varied between +10 % and −55%, similar to ΔEt% (+27%, −54%) and Δgsw% (+36%, −53%). There was no tradeoff between venation and other structural defenses. Increased damage resilience (reduced ΔAn%, ΔEt%, Δgsw%) was marginally associated with lower force-to-tear (P &lt; 0.05), and higher minor vein density (P &lt; 0.10) but not major vein density or reticulation. Leaf venation networks may thus partially mitigate the response of gas exchange to herbivory and other types of vein damage through either resistance or resilience.
Practical implementation and clinical benefits of the new automated dialysate sodium control biosensor
Authors: Maduell Francisco , Broseta José J , Rodríguez-Espinosa Diana , Casals Joaquim , Escudero Victor , Gomez Miquel , Rodas Lida M , Arias-Guillén Marta , Vera Manel , Fontseré Néstor 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
A key feature of dialysis treatment is the prescription of dialysate sodium (Na). This study aimed to describe the practical implementation of a new automated dialysate Na control biosensor and to assess its tolerance and the beneficial clinical effects of isonatraemic dialysis.

Methods
A prospective study was carried out in 86 patients who, along with their usual parameters, received the following five consecutive phases of treatment for 3 weeks each: phase 0: baseline 5008 machine; phases 1 and 2: 6008 machine without activation of the Na control biosensor and the same fixed individualized Na dialysate prescription or adjusted to obtain similar conductivity to phase 0; phases 3 and 4: activated Na control to isonatraemic dialysis (Na dialysate margins 135–141 or 134–142 mmol/L).

Results
When the Na control was activated, the few episodes of cramps or hypotension disappeared when the lower dialysate Na margin was increased by 1 or 2 mmol/L. The activated Na control module showed significant differences compared with baseline and the non-activated Na module in final serum Na values, diffusive Na balance, and changes in pre- to postdialysis plasma Na values. The mean predialysis systolic blood pressure value was significantly lower in phase 4 than in phase 1. There were no significant differences in total Na balance in the four 6008 phases evaluated.

Conclusions
The implementation of the automated dialysate Na control module is a useful new tool, which reduced the diffusive load of Na with good tolerance. The module had the advantages of reducing thirst, interdialytic weight gain and intradialytic plasma Na changes.
Supplementation in vitamin B3 counteracts the negative effects of tryptophan deficiencies in bumble bees
Authors: Tissier M L , Kraus S , Gómez-Moracho T , Lihoreau M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights the importance of diet content in nine essential amino acids for bee physiological and behavioural performance. However, the 10th essential amino acid, tryptophan, has been overlooked as its experimental measurement requires a specific hydrolysis. Tryptophan is the precursor of serotonin and vitamin B3, which together modulate cognitive and metabolic functions in most animals. Here, we investigated how tryptophan deficiencies influence the behaviour and survival of bumble bees (Bombus terrestris). Tryptophan-deficient diets led to a moderate increase in food intake, aggressiveness and mortality compared with the control diet. Vitamin B3 supplementation in tryptophan-deficient diets tended to buffer these effects by significantly improving survival and reducing aggressiveness. Considering that the pollens of major crops and common plants, such as corn and dandelion, are deficient in tryptophan, these effects could have a strong impact on bumble bee populations and their pollination service. Our results suggest planting tryptophan and B3 rich species next to tryptophan-deficient crops could support wild bee populations.
Disentangling the effect of measures, variants, and vaccines on SARS-CoV-2 infections in England: a dynamic intensity model
Authors: Boldea Otilia , Cornea-Madeira Adriana , Madeira João 
Published: January 2023

Summary
In this paper, we estimate the path of daily SARS-CoV-2 infections in England from the beginning of the pandemic until the end of 2021. We employ a dynamic intensity model, where the mean intensity conditional on the past depends both on past intensity of infections and past realized infections. The model parameters are time-varying, and we employ a multiplicative specification along with logistic transition functions to disentangle the time-varying effects of nonpharmaceutical policy interventions, of different variants, and of protection (waning) of vaccines/boosters. Our model results indicate that earlier interventions and vaccinations are key to containing an infection wave. We consider several scenarios that account for more infectious variants and different protection levels of vaccines/boosters. These scenarios suggest that, as vaccine protection wanes, containing a new wave in infections and an associated increase in hospitalizations in the near future may require further booster campaigns and/or nonpharmaceutical interventions.
Left atrial late gadolinium enhancement in patients with ischaemic stroke
Authors: Larsen Bjørn Strøier , Bertelsen Litten , Christensen Hanne , Hadad Rakin , Aplin Mark , Høst Nis , Christensen Louisa Marguerite , Havsteen Inger , Prescott Eva , Dominguez Helena , Jensen Gorm Boje , Vejlstrup Niels , Sajadieh Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the extent of left atrial (LA) fibrosis in patients with a recent stroke without atrial fibrillation and controls without established cardiovascular disease.

Methods and results
This prospectively designed study used cardiac magnetic resonance to detect LA late gadolinium enhancement as a proxy for LA fibrosis. Between 2019 and 2021, we consecutively included 100 patients free of atrial fibrillation with recent ischaemic stroke (&lt;30 days) and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. LA fibrosis assessment was achieved in 78 patients and 45 controls. Blinded to the cardiac magnetic resonance results, strokes were adjudicated according to modified Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification as undetermined aetiology (n = 42) or as attributable to large- or small-vessel disease (n = 36). Patients with stroke had a larger extent of LA fibrosis [6.9%, interquartile range (IQR) 3.6–15.4%] than matched controls (4.2%, IQR 2.3–7.5%; P = 0.007). No differences in LA fibrosis were observed between patients with stroke of undetermined aetiology and those with large- or small-vessel disease (6.6%, IQR 3.8–16.0% vs. 6.9%, IQR 3.4–14.6%; P = 0.73).

Conclusion
LA fibrosis was more extensive in patients with stroke than in age- and sex-matched controls. A similar extent of LA fibrosis was observed in patients with stroke of undetermined aetiology and stroke classified as attributable to large- or small-vessel disease. Our findings suggest that LA structural abnormality is more frequent in patients with stroke than in controls independent of aetiological classification.
Segmentectomy preserves better immune-nutritional status than lobectomy in patients with early-stage lung cancer
Authors: Kamigaichi Atsushi , Mimae Takahiro , Amioka Jun , Aoki Gaku , Yoshimura Kenichi , Kawamoto Nobutaka , Tsubokawa Norifumi , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESThis study aimed to compare the postoperative immune-nutritional status of patients undergoing segmentectomy and lobectomy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.METHODSPatients with clinical stage 0–IA non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy were retrospectively analysed. Postoperative immune-nutritional indices (prognostic nutritional index, serum albumin levels and total lymphocyte count) at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years after surgery were compared using mixed effects linear models and mixed effects logistic regression models.RESULTSThere were 164 and 210 patients in the lobectomy and segmentectomy groups, respectively. Postoperative prognostic nutritional index and albumin levels were significantly higher in the segmentectomy group than those in the lobectomy group (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively), despite the nonsignificant difference in the total lymphocyte count (P = 0.563). In 126 propensity score-matched pairs adjusted for confounding variables affecting postoperative nutritional status, postoperative prognostic nutritional index and albumin levels were significantly higher in the segmentectomy group than in the lobectomy group (P = 0.009 and P = 0.007, respectively). At each time point after surgery, these indices were higher in the segmentectomy group than in the lobectomy group at 1 month, 2 years and 3 years postoperatively. There were significantly more patients with lower immune-nutritional indices (prognostic nutritional index &lt;45, albumin &lt;4.0 g/dl) in the lobectomy group than in the segmentectomy group at 3 years postoperatively (P = 0.026 and P = 0.029, respectively), despite nonsignificant statistical differences throughout the study period (P = 0.219 and P = 0.113, respectively).CONCLUSIONSPatients who underwent segmentectomy showed better postoperative immune-nutritional status than those who underwent lobectomy.
Major cardiovascular events and subsequent risk of kidney failure with replacement therapy: a CKD Prognosis Consortium study
Authors: Mark Patrick B , Carrero Juan J , Matsushita Kunihiro , Sang Yingying , Ballew Shoshana H , Grams Morgan E , Coresh Josef , Surapaneni Aditya , Brunskill Nigel J , Chalmers John , Chan Lili , Chang Alex R , Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Chodick Gabriel , Cirillo Massimo , de Zeeuw Dick , Evans Marie , Garg Amit X , Gutierrez Orlando M , Heerspink Hiddo J L , Heine Gunnar H , Herrington William G , Ishigami Junichi , Kronenberg Florian , Lee Jun Young , Levin Adeera , Major Rupert W , Marks Angharad , Nadkarni Girish N , Naimark David M J , Nowak Christoph , Rahman Mahboob , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Sarnak Mark , Sawhney Simon , Schneider Markus P , Shalev Varda , Shin Jung-Im , Siddiqui Moneeza K , Stempniewicz Nikita , Sumida Keiichi , Valdivielso José M , van den Brand Jan , Yee-Moon Wang Angela , Wheeler David C , Zhang Lihua , Visseren Frank L J , Stengel Benedicte 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Less is known about how CVD associates with future risk of kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT).

Methods and results
The study included 25 903 761 individuals from the CKD Prognosis Consortium with known baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and evaluated the impact of prevalent and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF) events as time-varying exposures on KFRT outcomes. Mean age was 53 (standard deviation 17) years and mean eGFR was 89 mL/min/1.73 m2, 15% had diabetes and 8.4% had urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) available (median 13 mg/g); 9.5% had prevalent CHD, 3.2% prior stroke, 3.3% HF, and 4.4% prior AF. During follow-up, there were 269 142 CHD, 311 021 stroke, 712 556 HF, and 605 596 AF incident events and 101 044 (0.4%) patients experienced KFRT. Both prevalent and incident CVD were associated with subsequent KFRT with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9–3.3], 2.0 (1.9–2.1), 4.5 (4.2–4.9), 2.8 (2.7–3.1) after incident CHD, stroke, HF and AF, respectively. HRs were highest in first 3 months post-CVD incidence declining to baseline after 3 years. Incident HF hospitalizations showed the strongest association with KFRT [HR 46 (95% CI: 43–50) within 3 months] after adjustment for other CVD subtype incidence.

Conclusion
Incident CVD events strongly and independently associate with future KFRT risk, most notably after HF, then CHD, stroke, and AF. Optimal strategies for addressing the dramatic risk of KFRT following CVD events are needed.
Deprescribing Anticholinergic and Sedative Drugs to Reduce Polypharmacy in Frail Older Adults Living in the Community: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jamieson Hamish , Nishtala Prasad S , Bergler Hans Ulrich , Weaver Susan K , Pickering John W , Ailabouni Nagham J , Abey-Nesbit Rebecca , Gullery Carolyn , Deely Joanne , Gee Susan B , Hilmer Sarah N , Mangin Dee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Polypharmacy is associated with poor outcomes in older adults. Targeted deprescribing of anticholinergic and sedative medications may improve health outcomes for frail older adults. Our pharmacist-led deprescribing intervention was a pragmatic 2-arm randomized controlled trial stratified by frailty. We compared usual care (control) with the intervention of pharmacists providing deprescribing recommendations to general practitioners.

Methods
Community-based older adults (≥65 years) from 2 New Zealand district health boards were recruited following a standardized interRAI needs assessment. The Drug Burden Index (DBI) was used to quantify the use of sedative and anticholinergic medications for each participant. The trial was stratified into low, medium, and high-frailty. We hypothesized that the intervention would increase the proportion of participants with a reduction in DBI ≥ 0.5 within 6 months.

Results
Of 363 participants, 21 (12.7%) in the control group and 21 (12.2%) in the intervention group had a reduction in DBI ≥ 0.5. The difference in the proportion of −0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.9% to 7.0%) provided no evidence of efficacy for the intervention. Similarly, there was no evidence to suggest the effectiveness of this intervention for participants of any frailty level.

Conclusion
Our pharmacist-led medication review of frail older participants did not reduce the anticholinergic/sedative load within 6 months. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown measures required modification of the intervention. Subgroup analyses pre- and post-lockdown showed no impact on outcomes. Reviewing this and other deprescribing trials through the lens of implementation science may aid an understanding of the contextual determinants preventing or enabling successful deprescribing implementation strategies.
Longitudinal Associations Between Loneliness and Prescription Medication Use
Authors: Lam Jack , Vuolo Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesBoth loneliness and the use of psychotropic drugs are common in later life. Although loneliness has been found to be associated with psychotropic drug use, most studies have been cross-sectional, and we know less about their longitudinal associations.MethodsDrawing on five waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study and two statistical approaches (fixed-effects and cross-lagged panel models), we examine longitudinal associations between loneliness and the use of prescription pain and depression/anxiety medications.ResultsAcross 57,654 observations among 20,589 respondents, 22.8% reported regular use of pain prescription medications, 17.8% regular use of depression/anxiety prescription medication, and 15.6% feeling lonely in the past week. Loneliness and the use of depression/anxiety medications were associated according to both modeling approaches, net of covariates. In years when a respondent reported feeling lonely, the odds of regular use of depression/anxiety medications were 1.42 times higher (p &lt; .001) than in years when they did not feel lonely. Regarding reciprocation, odds of regular depression/anxiety medication use in a given wave range from 1.3 to 1.5 times higher if loneliness was reported in the prior wave. Likewise, the odds of reporting loneliness in a given wave range from 1.5 to 1.8 times higher if regular depression/anxiety medication was reported in the prior wave.DiscussionPrior loneliness predicts contemporaneous regular use of depression/anxiety prescription medications. Although this confirms the directional association found in prior studies, we found prior use of depression/anxiety medications is also associated with increased odds of loneliness, suggesting further research is needed to understand mechanisms that explain their associations and potential interventions.
A “poor man’s carriage”: system building and social interactivity in UK urban tramway development, 1860–1890
Authors: Coles Anne-Marie , Clarke Ian , Piterou Athena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Large technical systems (LTS) are socially structuring, reconfiguring governance practices and social norms. In this article, socio-technical dynamics that influenced the emergence of UK urban tramways, as examples of local LTS, are investigated, considering the role of dominant discourses in normalizing new systems. It examines how the 1870 Tramways Act attempted to adjudicate between competing interests, which shaped the context for new tramway routes. The concept of system builders is used to explain how new projects recruit public support. This case identifies constraints faced by system builders and indicates that their interaction with prevailing socio-political contexts impacts the system development and stability.
A systematic review of optimal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters for beta-lactam therapy in infective endocarditis
Authors: Robson Christopher , Tan Bryan , Stuart Rhonda , Nicholls Stephen , Rogers Benjamin A , Sandaradura Indy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBeta-lactam antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for most bacterial causes of infective endocarditis (IE). Traditionally considered as agents with a broad therapeutic index, there is increasing recognition that standard doses may be subtherapeutic or toxic in critically ill patients. Optimizing therapy for efficacy requires a defined pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) target associated with clinical and microbiological cure.ObjectivesTo elucidate the factors that influence beta-lactam PK and PD variability in IE and to examine optimal PK/PD target parameters for therapy.MethodsThe review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Clinical and laboratory in vivo animal or human studies examining PK and/or PD of beta-lactam antibiotics in IE were eligible. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Registry were searched using defined terms. The Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) tool was used for assessing risk of bias.ResultsFrom 2677 abstracts, 62 articles were selected for review and synthesis, comprising: 45 animal studies investigating the broad categories of beta-lactam diffusion into vegetations, PK/PD determinants of outcome, mode of antibiotic delivery and synergistic impact of agents; and 17 human studies totalling 347 participants. Findings supported the importance of time-dependent killing for beta-lactams but heterogeneous data limited the determination of an optimal PK/PD target for IE treatment.ConclusionBeta-lactam PK and PD in endocarditis are variable and specific to the particular antibiotic-organism combination. Time-dependent killing is important, consistent with non-endocarditis studies, but there is little agreement on optimal drug exposure. Clinical studies examining PK/PD targets in endocarditis are required to further inform drug selection and dosing.
In Memoriam: Robert K. Wayne, a pioneer of evolutionary genomics for wildlife with an emphasis on endangered species
Authors: vonHoldt Bridgett M , Schweizer Rena M , Stahler Daniel , Robinson Jacqueline A , Pires Debra , Koepfli Klaus-Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRobert (Bob) Keith Wayne lost his battle with cancer in his home on 26 December 2022 with his wife, Dr. Blaire Van Valkenburgh, by his side. This essay, written by his former graduate students, highlights the foundation that survives Bob and our vision of continuing his efforts in building a future for endangered species.