bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A celebration of the rich tapestry of phenomenology's commonalities
Authors: Turley Emma L. 
Published: April 2023

PurposePhenomenology has a long tradition as a qualitative research method in the social and health sciences. The application of phenomenological methods to understand lived experiences and subjectivities offers researchers a rich tapestry of methodological approaches, often however, the availability of these methods to researchers is tempered as a result of inflexible ideas regarding their use. This article aims to highlight the uniting features between approaches.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins by offering a brief overview of the two traditions within phenomenology, the descriptive and interpretive approaches and traces the development of each one. It then presents an overview of the commonalities shared by both approaches in with particular reference to the philosophical and methodological cohesion between them.FindingsFrequently, the literature fails to focus on how these methodologies can be used together, and instead foregrounds the ontological and methodological differences between them. While an overview of some of the more vociferous debates within phenomenology are included and acknowledged, the paper calls for a focus on the shared goals of the phenomenological project.Originality/valueThis article aims to illustrate that, while recognising differences, the two phenomenological traditions have more in common that unites them, and argues that once this is applied pragmatically, a multiplicity of phenomenological traditions are available to researchers.
Phages and engineered lysins as an effective tool to combat Gram‐negative foodborne pathogens
Authors: Kocot Aleksandra Maria , Briers Yves , Plotka Magdalena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges faced by food producers is ensuring microbiological safety. Despite strict criteria for food products, foodborne diseases are a global problem and pose a real risk to consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new and more effective methods for eliminating pathogens from food and the food processing environment. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the most common foodborne diseases are caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia, Escherichia coli, and Listeria. Out of the five listed, four are Gram‐negative bacteria. Our review focuses on the use of bacteriophages, which are ubiquitous bacterial viruses, and bacteriophage endolysins to eliminate Gram‐negative pathogens. Endolysins cleave specific bonds within the peptidoglycan (PG) of the bacterial cell, causing the cell to burst. Single phages or phage cocktails, which are, in some instances, commercially available products, eliminate pathogenic bacteria in livestock and various food matrices. Endolysins have matured as the most advanced class of antibacterial agents in the clinical sector, but their use in food protection is highly unexplored. Advanced molecular engineering techniques, different formulations, protein encapsulation, and the addition of outer membrane (OM) permeabilization agents enhance the activity of lysins against Gram‐negative pathogens. This creates space for groundbreaking research on the use of lysins in the food sector.
Explaining the pattern of “war on drugs” violence in the Philippines under Duterte
Authors: Iglesias Sol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA national “war on drugs” under former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte killed an estimated 12,000 to 30,000 victims. Duterte used state terror tactics, generating an unprecedented level of violence within a broader process of democratic backsliding. The violence peaked early, within the first few months of his term of office, then declined and remained low for years afterwards. How do campaigns of large‐scale state violence decline? This article explores the context‐specific drivers of the drug war's implementation in the Philippines. It presents findings from a model predicting violence escalation and de‐escalation using a Poisson regression to estimate the weekly number of killings from 2016 to 2021. The study's main finding is that the violence declined, and remained low throughout the rest of Duterte's term, due to the mobilization of accountability mechanisms—particularly over corruption controversies. This study offers insights into how resistance can impede autocratization, even in weak democracies.
Surviving or solidarity? Crisis responses of small and medium‐sized enterprises during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Roloff Julia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic posed a serious threat to small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). This explorative qualitative study of 100 SMEs from 20 industries and 21 countries investigates how entrepreneurs responded to the Covid‐19 pandemic and which cognitive frames guided their actions. Observed cognitive frames prioritize either business survival, conversion of business and stakeholder interest, or acceptance of conflicting social and financial goals. These cognitive frames influence the choice of crisis response without determining it. Four response patterns were found: weathering the storm, bricolage, solidarity and support, and social innovation. Strategic innovation creating access to new markets is the most successful response. The findings support a more encompassing definition of the concept of organizational resilience and shed light on motivations for acts of solidarity and social innovation as crisis responses.
A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions
Authors: Francis Gill Althia , Gibson Jenny Louise 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA notable observation is the similarities in the cognitive processes of pretend play (PP) and counterfactual reasoning (CFR) as both involve thinking about alternatives to reality. It is argued by Weisberg and Gopnik (Cogn. Sci., 37, 2013, 1368) that alternative thinking in PP and CFR is underpinned by an imaginary representational capacity but few studies have empirically investigated this link. We use a variable latent modelling approach to test a hypothetical model of the structural relationship of PP and CFR predicting that if PP and CFR are cognitively similar; they should have similar patterns of associations with Executive Functions (EFs). Data were collected on PP, CFR, EFs and Language from 189 children (M = 4.8 years, males = 101, females = 88). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that measures of PP and CFR loaded onto single latent constructs and were significantly correlated (r = .51, p = .001) with each other. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that EF accounted for unique significant variance in both PP (β = 21) and CFR (β = 22). The results of the structural equation modelling revealed that the data were a good fit for the hypothetical model. We discuss the plausible role of a general underlying imaginative representational capacity to explain similarities in the cognitive mechanisms of different states of alternative thinking like PP and CFR.
TFP5 attenuates cyclin‐dependent kinase 5‐mediated islet β‐cell damage in diabetes
Authors: Liu Shunyao , Li Bo , Ma Danna , Tao Yuejia , Song Jiang , Bao Li , Zhang Guoqing , Luo Hongyan , Cao Shilu , E Jing , Zheng Yali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIslet β‐cell damage and dysfunction represent the pathophysiological basis of diabetes. Excessive activation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the role of a CDK5 inhibitor (TFP5) in islet β‐cell damage under diabetic conditions by regulating the expression of CDK5 in vitro and in vivo. CDK5 was upregulated under high glucose conditions in vivo and in vitro, which resulted in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of islet β‐cells, thereby decreasing insulin secretion. However, TFP5 treatment inhibited the overexpression of CDK5; reduced the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of islet β cells; and restored insulin secretion. In conclusion, CDK5 is involved in islet β‐cell damage under high glucose conditions, and TFP5 may represent a promising candidate for the development of treatments for T2DM.
Role of club cell 16‐kDa secretory protein in asthmatic airways
Authors: Jung Chang‐Gyu , Cao Thi Bich Tra , Quoc Quang Luu , Yang Eun‐Mi , Ban Ga‐Young , Park Hae‐Sim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundClub cell 16‐kDa secretory protein (CC16) is a pneumoprotein and functions as an anti‐inflammatory or antioxidant protein. However, altered levels of serum CC16 as well as their effect on airways inflammation have not been fully evaluated.MethodsWe recruited 63 adult asthmatics on maintenance medications and 61 healthy controls (HCs). The asthmatic subjects were divided into two groups according to the result of bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) test: the present BDR (n = 17) and absent BDR (n = 46) groups. Serum CC16 levels were measured by ELISA. As an in vitro study, the effect of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen 1 (Der p1) on the production of CC16 in airways epithelial cells (AECs) according to a time‐dependent manner was assessed; the effects of CC16 protein on oxidative stress system, airways inflammation and remodelling were tested.ResultsSerum CC16 levels showed significantly higher in the asthmatics than in the HCs (p < .001) with a positive correlation with FEV1% (r = .352, p = .005). The present BDR group had significantly lower levels of serum CC16, FEV1% and MMEF%, but showed higher level of FeNO than the absent BDR group. Serum CC16 levels (below 496.0 ng/mL) could discriminate the present BDR group from the absent BDR group (area under the curve = 0.74, p = .004). In vitro testing demonstrated that Der p1 exposure significantly induced CC16 release from AECs for 1 h, which was progressively decreased after 6 h and followed by MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 production. These findings were associated with oxidant/antioxidant disequilibrium and restored by CC16 treatment (but not dexamethasone).ConclusionDecreased CC16 production contributes to persistent airways inflammation and lung function decline. CC16 may be a potential biomarker for asthmatics with BDR.
Compound heterozygous variants in WLS gene causes Zaki syndrome
Authors: Yu Cuicui , Wang Chunli , Zhou Wei , Zhang Aihua , Jia Zhanjun , Zheng Bixia , Ding Guixia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiallelic Wnt ligand secretion mediator (WLS gene) variants are associated with Zaki syndrome (OMIM: #619648). Here, we report the first case with Zaki syndrome in the Chinese population. Whole‐exome gene sequencing (WES) identified compound heterozygous variants in the WLS gene (c.1427A > G; p.Tyr476Cys and c.415C > T, p.Arg139Cys; NM_001002292) in a 16‐year‐old boy presenting with facial dysmorphism, astigmatism, renal agenesis, and cryptorchidism. In vitro functional characterization showed that the two variants led to decreased WLS production and secretion of WNT3A, eventually affecting the WNT signal. We also found that the decreased mutant WLS expression can be rescued by 4‐Phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA).
A recurrent de novo variant in NUSAP1 escapes nonsense‐mediated decay and leads to microcephaly, epilepsy, and developmental delay
Authors: Mo Alisa , Paz‐Ebstein Emuna , Yanovsky‐Dagan Shira , Lai Abbe , Mor‐Shaked Hagar , Gilboa Tal , Yang Edward , Shao Diane D. , Walsh Christopher A. , Harel Tamar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNUSAP1 encodes a cell cycle‐dependent protein with key roles in mitotic progression, spindle formation, and microtubule stability. Both over‐ and under‐expression of NUSAP1 lead to dysregulation of mitosis and impaired cell proliferation. Through exome sequencing and Matchmaker Exchange, we identified two unrelated individuals with the same recurrent, de novo heterozygous variant (NM_016359.5 c.1209C > A; p.(Tyr403Ter)) in NUSAP1. Both individuals had microcephaly, severe developmental delay, brain abnormalities, and seizures. The gene is predicted to be tolerant of heterozygous loss‐of‐function mutations, and we show that the mutant transcript escapes nonsense mediated decay, suggesting that the mechanism is likely dominant‐negative or toxic gain of function. Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing of an affected individual's post‐mortem brain tissue indicated that the NUSAP1 mutant brain contains all main cell lineages, and that the microcephaly could not be attributed to loss of a specific cell type. We hypothesize that pathogenic variants in NUSAP1 lead to microcephaly possibly by an underlying defect in neural progenitor cells.
Faster Edge‐Path Bundling through Graph Spanners
Authors: Wallinger Markus , Archambault Daniel , Auber David , Nöllenburg Martin , Peltonen Jaakko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEdge‐Path bundling is a recent edge bundling approach that does not incur ambiguities caused by bundling disconnected edges together. Although the approach produces less ambiguous bundlings, it suffers from high computational cost. In this paper, we present a new Edge‐Path bundling approach that increases the computational speed of the algorithm without reducing the quality of the bundling. First, we demonstrate that biconnected components can be processed separately in an Edge‐Path bundling of a graph without changing the result. Then, we present a new edge bundling algorithm that is based on observing and exploiting a strong relationship between Edge‐Path bundling and graph spanners. Although the worst case complexity of the approach is the same as of the original Edge‐Path bundling algorithm, we conduct experiments to demonstrate that the new approach is 5–256 times faster than Edge‐Path bundling depending on the dataset, which brings its practical running time more in line with traditional edge bundling algorithms.
Prioritizing ecological restoration of converted lands in Canada by spatially integrating organic carbon storage and biodiversity benefits
Authors: Currie Jessica , Merritt Will , Liang Chris , Sothe Camile , Beatty Craig R. , Shackelford Nancy , Hirsh‐Pearson Kristen , Gonsamo Alemu , Snider James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEcosystem restoration is a fundamental way of delivering nature‐based solutions to improve resilience in a changing climate and sustain biodiversity. Spatial analyses to identify where ecosystem restoration would yield targeted environmental benefits are critical to inform, and coordinate restoration initiatives at multiple scales to achieve national commitments and global goals. Here, we provide an optimization analysis for restoration potential of converted terrestrial ecosystems in Canada by integrating carbon storage and biodiversity benefits as key considerations. Our results show that converted landscapes are prevalent in southern anthropic regions of Canada, with the greatest potential for biodiversity benefits through forest and grassland restoration. At national scales, carbon density (tonnes C/km2) and total carbon storage (tonnes C) potential were greatest for wetland and forest restoration, respectively. When biodiversity and carbon were both included in an optimization framework, consistent priorities across all three restoration targets (50,000; 100,000; and 150,000 km2) comprised forest restoration in the St. Lawrence and Lake Erie Lowlands, with the Lake Manitoba Plains, Interlake Plains, and Manitoulin‐Lake Simcoe ecoregions also frequently identified. Our analysis will help decision‐makers identify where restoration of converted lands may support considerable gains in simultaneously achieving climate and biodiversity goals in Canada.
Benign mesenchymal tumours of the tongue: A report of adult‐type rhabdomyoma and granular cell tumour with a review of the literature
Authors: Saoud Carla , McGowan Molly , Johnson Jeremy , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cytomorphological features of benign mesenchymal tumours of the tongue have rarely been reported. Herein, we present the cytomorphological features of adult‐type rhabdomyoma, which occurred in the tongue of a female patient, and granular cell tumour (GCT), which occurred in the tongue of a male patient; both patients were in their mid‐50s. The cytological features of the adult‐type rhabdomyoma case included large polygonal to ovoid cells with abundant and granular cytoplasm with predominantly peripherally located, uniform, round to oval nuclei and small nucleoli. Cross‐striation and crystalline intracytoplasmic structures were not seen. The cytological features of the GCT case included large cells with abundant granular pale cytoplasm, small round nuclei and small distinct nucleoli. The cytological differential diagnoses of these tumours overlap; thus, the cytological findings of the different entities included in their differential diagnoses are discussed.
Investment policy reform as a driver of foreign direct investment: Evidence from China
Authors: Leibrecht Markus , Bellak Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA longstanding concern has been the proposition that the international investment treaty system lacks reform. Governments forgo Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and thus forgo a driver of economic growth, employment and innovation. We assess the validity of this concern in the context of a major home and host country for global foreign direct investment, China, and the major reform of its Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). Besides other innovations, the so‐called ‘third‐generation’ BITs of China introduce a strong dispute resolution mechanism, which makes Chinese BITs more investor‐friendly. Our evidence suggests that more investor‐friendly BITs exert a positive impact on FDI in China. We argue that the positive impact of reforming BITs in a country like China, which offers a high degree of stability of the legal and political system and a strong culture of informal dispute resolution, points towards the relevance of the enforceability of property rights for investments.
Microstructure evolution during sintering: discrete element method approach
Authors: Engelke Lukas , Brendel Lothar , Wolf Dietrich E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present a new numerical model describing the transformation of a powder of crystalline particles into a dense poly‐crystalline material. It is based on the key phenomena of sintering: shrinkage and grain coarsening driven by the minimization of the free energy. Representing each grain by a truncated sphere, the model takes into account the complex and changing shape of grains for determining the thermodynamic driving forces and associated kinetic coefficients. We validate the model by comparing the temporal evolution of a system of four particles with that obtained from a mesh‐based method. We performed simulations on polydisperse packings of up to 16,000 particles. Using material and process parameters from the literature, the model accurately reproduces experimental data on the evolution of the grain size distribution for alumina.
The integration of the small‐island effect and nestedness pattern
Authors: Wang Yanping , Chen Chuanwu , Millien Virginie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe small‐island effect (SIE) and nestedness are two important patterns in the fields of island biogeography and community ecology. However, to date, no study has tried to integrate the SIE and nestedness pattern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to integrate these two biogeographical patterns by proposing a new integrative hypothesis. The integrative hypothesis posits that the degree of nestedness of the large island matrix will be larger than that of the small island matrix split by the threshold of the SIE.LocationGlobal.TaxonPlants, invertebrates and vertebrates.MethodsWe compiled 219 global datasets with both the presence‐absence matrices and the variables of area and species richness. We also collected six island characteristics influencing the SIE and nestedness patterns, that is island type, taxonomic group, area range, the number of islands, species range and matrix fill. We applied breakpoint regressions to detect SIEs and used the metric NODF (Nestedness metric based on Overlap and Decreasing Fill) to quantify nestedness. We then employed logistic regressions and an information‐theoretic approach to determine which combination of island characteristics was important in determining whether the integrative hypothesis was supported.ResultsAmong the 92 datasets in which SIEs were unambiguously detected, nestedness analyses showed that in 64 cases (69.6%) the values of NODFc (nestedness among sites) for the large island matrices were larger than those of the small island matrices. Matrix fill and area range were substantially important in determining whether the integrative hypothesis was supported. By contrast, island type, taxonomic group, the number of islands and species range received considerably less support.Main ConclusionsOur study was the first to integrate the SIE and nestedness pattern. Overall, we found prevalent support for our integrative hypothesis. The integration of the SIE and nestedness provides new and interesting insights into these two biogeographical patterns.
Biological performance and predation rate ofScolothrips longicornisPriesner fed onTetranychus urticaeKoch.
Authors: Pakyari Hajar , Atlihan Remzi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe life table and predation rate ofScolothrips longicornisPriesner fed onTetranychus urticaeKoch were examined at 26°C under laboratory conditions. The age‐stage, two‐sex life table was used to analyse the raw data in order to account for the varying developmental rates among individuals and both sexes. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), the net reproductive rate (R0), and the mean generation time (T) were 0.156 day−1, 1.168 day−1and 29.15 offspring, and 21.69 days, respectively.Scolothrips longicornisconsumed 18.40 and 24.47T. urticaeeggs during the first and second larval stages, respectively. The mean consumption rate for females and males during the longevity was 276.26 and 359.79 eggs of Two‐spotted spider mite, respectively. The net consumption rate, which considers survival, was 194.03T. urticaeeggs per individual. The transformation rate fromT. urticaepopulation to predatory thrips offspring was 8.9.