bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and embedded solitons of stochastic quadratic χ(2) and cubic χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities with multiplicative white noise in the Itô sense
Authors: Peng Chen , Li Zhao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics and embedded solitons of stochastic quadratic χ(2) and cubic χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities in the Itˆo sense. Firstly, two-dimensional dynamics system and its perturbation system are obtained by using travelling wave transformation. Secondly, phase portraits of two-dimensional dynamics system are plotted. What’s more, chaotic behaviors, two-dimensional phase portraits, three-dimensional phase portraits and sensitivity of the perturbation system are analyzed by using the Maple software. Finally, the embedded solitons of stochastic quadratic χ(2) and cubic χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities are obtained. Moreover, three-dimensional and two-dimension of stochastic quadratic χ(2) and cubic χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities are plotted.
Gaze-centered gating and reactivation of value encoding in orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Ferro Demetrio , Cash-Padgett Tyler , Wang Maya Zhe , Hayden Ben , Bote Rubén Moreno 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

During economic choice, we often consider options in alternation, until we commit to one. Nonetheless, neuroeconomics typically ignores the dynamic aspects of deliberation. We trained macaques to perform a value-based decision-making task in which two risky offers were presented in sequence at different locations of the visual field, each followed by a delay epoch where offers were invisible. Subjects looked at the offers in sequence, as expected. Surprisingly, during the delay epochs, we found that subjects still tend to look at empty locations where the visual offers had previously appeared; moreover, longer fixation to given empty location increases the probability of choosing the associated offer, even after controlling for the offer values. We show that activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reflects the value of the gazed offer, but also the value of the offer associated with the gazed spatial location, even if it is not the most recently viewed. This reactivation reflects a reevaluation process, as fluctuations in neural spiking during offer stimuli presentation and delays correlate with upcoming choice. Our results suggest that look-at-nothing gazing triggers the reactivation of a previously seen offer for further reevaluation, revealing novel aspects of deliberation.
Multimodal Imaging Genetic Analysis of Schizophrenia Based on Sparse Representation and Dictionary Learning
Authors: Zhu Fengxia , Zhang Kaisheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly hereditary illness, and there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of this disease. The clinical diagnosis of this disease lacks objective biomarkers. In order to extract biomarkers, machine learning methods are used. Most of machine learning methods only consider single-modality imaging data or genetic data, which makes the extracted biomarkers inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a new group and orthogonal constraints joint sparse representation and dictionary learning (GOJSDL) model to improve the accuracy and diversity of the schizophrenia biomarkers. Specifically, the proposed model maps multimodal imaging genetic data of schizophrenia patients to a common dictionary matrix to take full advantage of the complementary information in multimodal data. Then, to reduce the collinearity of atoms in the common dictionary matrix preventing ambiguity in feature selection, we incorporate orthogonal constraints into the SDL model. In addition, we introduce group structure as prior constraint into the SDL model to realize the sparseness of the features at the group level. We verify the effectiveness and state-of-the-art of the proposed model based on simulated datasets. Subsequently, we apply the GOJSDL model to a real image genetic dataset of schizophrenia, and identify abnormal brain regions (e.g., Hippocampus and Fusiform_R) from the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset, disease-related risk genes (e.g., NFX1, CDH4) from the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and disease-related environmental factors (such as ADNP, RAET1L) from the DNA methylation data. Through literature review and functional analysis, it is shown that these biomarkers are closely related to schizophrenia. The discovery of these biomarkers helps us to further explore the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Optimization of plasma arc welding process parameters of SAF 2507/316L dissimilar steel based on response surface method
Authors: Hong Xiaolong , Huang Bensheng , Li Tianning , Wang Xiaowei , Wu Yanqiu , Zheng Jianneng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As a tubing adapter for submarine oil and gas development, super duplex stainless steel usually needs to be connected with other different metals. In the welding process, the welding parameters have a great influence on the stress and deformation of the welded joint. Since there are many welding parameters and the welding parameters interact with each other, changing one parameter requires changing one or more parameters to produce the expected results. Therefore, it is not easy to find an optimal parameter combination to meet the assembly requirements and improve the joint quality. Based on the response surface method, this paper mainly evaluates the influence of welding current, welding voltage and welding speed on the equivalent stress and overall deformation of SAF 2507/316L plasma arc welded joints. The regression model equations of equivalent stress and overall deformation with respect to welding parameters are obtained. The optimal predicted welding parameters output from the regression equation are very close to the simulated values. The Simufact Welding software was used for numerical simulation, and the influence of parameter combinations based on response surface test design on the transverse, longitudinal and Z-direction deformation of SAF 2507/316L plasma arc welded joints was studied. The accuracy of the simulation results was verified by experiments.
Electronic Structure and Photophysical Properties of Some Promising Organic Molecules for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Uzun Kübra Karaoğlu , Sayın Serkan , Çevik Uğur 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Three novel organic semiconductors (Fig.1), which are molecule (a) and molecule (c) have the same wing unit molecules (b) and (c) have the same core unit were reported. Thus, the influence of wing units on solar cell device performence parameters such us the opto-electronics properties, non-linear optics (NLO), electronic properties were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) aimed at evincing molecular structure–property relations. The all studied molecules would be promising materials for photovoltaic applications, but molecule (c) could be excellent candidate for high efficiency organic solar cells with a small energy gap, a lowest ΔGreg, highest Voc and LHE values. On the other hand the calculated results show that wing units of molecules affect to the electronics and photovoltaic properties more than core units. According to all these results, it is seen that the wing units of the molecules affect both the opto-electronic properties and NLO properties more than the wing units. These theoretical calculations is expected to obtain new strategies to synthesize efficient materials for opto-electronics applications especially organic solar cell devices.
The synthesis and use of bio-based flocculant from Boehmeria nivea in coagulation-flocculation and direct flocculation of kaolin suspension
Authors: Fauzani Dinda , Notodarmojo Suprihanto , Handajani Marisa , Helmy Qomarudin , Kardiansyah Teddy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The synthesis and modification of cellulose from Boehmeria nivea into a cationic bio-based flocculant was performed. In the first stage of research, cellulose was isolated from the bast fiber of Boehmeria nivea. Second, the modification of cellulose into cationic cellulose was carried out by reaction using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC). Cellulose and cationic cellulose were tested as bio-based flocculants for their flocculation ability with synthetic water samples using 5 g/L of kaolin suspension with turbidity as the test parameter. Data analysis was performed by statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Studies showed that the use of Cellulose as a bio-based flocculant in the coagulation-flocculation process with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as a coagulant statistically increased the efficiency of turbidity removal, up to 99.17%, whereas the direct flocculation process, i.e., without the use of coagulant, had a turbidity removal efficiency of 98.91% with 60 minutes of sedimentation time. The use of cationic cellulose showed promising results as a bio-based flocculant in the direct flocculation process compared to PAC, with a shorter sedimentation time.
Evaluation of rational medicine prescribing: A cross-sectional study of public hospitals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Djochie Richard Delali Agbeko , Owusu-Donkor Rita , d'Almeida Elizabeth Modupe , Fordjour Francis , Akwah Francis Kwadwo Gyamfi , Kyeremateng Emmanuel , Opoku-Afriyie Samuel , Tabiri Cecilia Akosua , Frimpong Francis Kyei , Dwomoh Samuel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Improper utilization of medications leads to undesirable consequences such as unnecessary adverse drug reactions, heightened hospitalizations, escalated treatment expenses, and potentially fatal outcomes. The main aim of this study was to assess the adherence of public hospitals in Ghana's Ashanti Region to the principles of rational medicine usage.
Methods: Using a systematic random sampling approach, a total of 2462 prescriptions were retrospectively assessed from 25 public hospitals in the Ashanti Region. Selected World Health Organization indicators for rational medicine use were employed in the evaluation. The data underwent analysis using SPSS version 21, and the hospitals were ranked based on the calculated index of rational drug prescribing.
Results: The average number of medications prescribed per patient encounter was 3.64 (95%CI: 3.58 – 3.70), and the average treatment cost amounted to GH₵25.58 (approximately $4.26). Approximately 73.4% of medications were prescribed using generic names (95%CI: 72.3% – 74.5%), while 91.7% of medications (95%CI: 90.96% – 92.4%) were prescribed from the Essential Medicines List. Antibiotics were prescribed in 60.7% of encounters, while injections were administered in 13.4% of cases. Only 62.3% of encounters received the appropriate antibiotic for their diagnosis. The index of rational drug prescribing in the Ashanti Region was 71.4%.
Conclusion: In general, there has been an improvement in the rational prescribing of medicines in the region. However, it is crucial to give more attention to issues such as polypharmacy and irrational antibiotic prescribing. Interventions should be implemented to address this concerning trend and prioritize the safety of patients.
Transmission Line Fault Insulator Detection Based on GAN- Faster RCNN
Authors: Zhang Yue , Xu Yonghui , Cui Lizhen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Insulators are essential and numerous components in power transmission lines, but they are also prone to faults. Therefore, it is crucial to detect faults in insulators. Although existing fault detection methods for insulators in power transmission lines have been improved to some extent by continuously modifying their internal structures, traditional detection methods still suffer from low accuracy and limited applicability in practical engineering applications. To address these issues, this study proposes an improved Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (Faster RCNN) network as a generator for detecting insulator defects in power transmission lines. In addition, an adversarial loss is introduced by building a discriminator to enhance the overall detection capability of the original Faster RCNN model. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms existing insulator fault detection models in terms of accuracy.
On Mixed Metric Dimension of Crystal Cubic Carbon Structure
Authors: Singh Malkesh , Sharma Sunny Kumar , Bhat Vijay Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chemical graph theory is a branch of mathematical chemistry which applies classic graph theory to chemical phenomena and entities. Graphs are extensively used in chemistry to recognise the structures of chemical compounds, with the vertices and edges denoting atoms and bonds respectively. Let $\Gamma=(V,E)$ be a $n$th order connected graph. If the distance vectors to the vertices in an ordered subset $H_{r}$ of vertices can uniquely identify each vertex of the graph $\Gamma$, then the set $H_{r}$ is known as resolving set for the graph $\Gamma$. The resolving set $H_{r}$ with smallest cardinality serves as the metric dimension of graph $\Gamma$ and this resolving set serves as the metric basis for $\Gamma$. A unique representation of chemical structures can be obtained using a resolving set. In this manuscript, the most important variant of metric dimension known as mixed metric dimension is taken into consideration and computed it for most important allotrope of carbon commonly known as crystal cubic carbon.
MSC(2020): 05C10, 05C12, 68R10.
Myocardial infarction in comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic patients, types and complications
Authors: Alromman Mohammad , Alswaedan Ghufran Yousef , Nabulsi Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: It is known that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. In this study, we review myocardial infarction in diabetics and non-diabetics, and distinguish between types of infarctions (inferior, anterior, lateral, posterior). We also identify complications arising from infarction affecting morbidity and mortality.
Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Damascus Hospital, on patients' data from the year 2017 to 2021. 500 files were studied and 200 files were approved after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, through a data collection tool designed by the supervisor.
Results:Males constituted the largest percentage of the study sample 158 (79%), and the two age groups (50-60 years, 60-70 years) had the largest percentage of 64 (32%) for each, and more than half of the patients were smokers 114 (57%) %), and the proportion of diabetic patients in the sample was less than half 74 (37%), and the second type was the most common among them 65 (32.5%), and for the type of infarction the anterior was the most common 98 (49%), and the most common method of management was thromboembolism 105 (52.5%), and the most common complication of infarction was cardiac arrhythmias 56 (34.8%).
Multi-Scale Deep Learning Ensemble for Segmentation of Endometriotic Lesions
Authors: Podda Alessandro Sebastian , Balia Riccardo , Barra Silvio , Carta Salvatore , Neri Manuela , Guerriero Stefano , Piano Leonardo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ultrasound is a readily available, non-invasive and low cost screening for the identification of endometriosis lesions, but its diagnostic specificity strongly depends on the experience of the operator. For this reason, computer-aided diagnosis tools based on Artificial Intelligence techniques can provide significant help to the clinical staff, both in terms of workload reduction and in increasing the overall accuracy of this type of examination and its outcome. However, although these techniques are spreading rapidly in a variety of domains, their application to endometriosis is still very limited. To fill this gap, we propose and evaluate a novel multi-scale ensemble approach for the automatic segmentation of endometriosis lesions from trans-vaginal ultrasounds. The peculiarity of the method lies in its high discrimination capability, obtained by combining, in a fusion fashion, multiple Convolutional Neural Networks trained on data at different granularity. The experimental validation carried out shows that: (i) the proposed method allows to significantly improve the performance of the individual neural networks, even in the presence of a limited training set; (ii) with a Dice coefficient of 82%, it represents a valid solution to increase the diagnostic efficacy of the ultrasound examination against such a pathology.
Mollusken in einigen Untersuchungsgebieten des nordwestlichen Sauerlandes (Westfalen) und der Niederrheinischen Bucht, Teil I: Allgemeiner Teil
Authors: Schlüpmann Martin 
Published: June 2023

An 8 Fundorten des nordwestlichen Sauerlandes wurden 37 Stellen auf ihre Land- und 16 auf ihre Wassermolluskenfauna untersucht. 43 Landschnecken-, 6 Wasserschnecken- und 2 Muschelarten wurden nachgewiesen. An 2 Fundorten und auf 16 Flächen der Niederrheinischen Bucht wurden 28 Landschnecken-, 2 Wasserschnecken- und 3 Muschelarten gezählt. Barberfallen-Untersuchungen und Handaufsammlungen führen zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. In Barberfallen überwiegen größere und bewegliche Schnecken, vor allem Nacktschnecken. Diversität, Eveness, Singularität und Ähnlichkeit der Proben wurden analysiert. Eveness-Werte sind zur Bewertung der Molluskenzönosen nicht geeignet. Artenzahlen, Diversitäts- und Singularitätswerte lassen sich mit Habitatfaktoren in Verbindung bringen, zeigen aber eine große Schwankungsbreite. Artenreich waren Habitate mit basengesättigten und kalkreichen Böden. Eine isolierte Kalkzone bei Altena wies demgemäß eine artenreiche Schneckenfauna auf. Eine Reihe von Arten wurde ausschließlich auf basen- und kalkreichen Böden gefunden. Anschüttungen mit günstigen edaphischen Bedingungen und reichhaltiger Struktur zeigen eine erstaunliche Artendichte. Ebenso sind Habitate mit größerer Feuchtigkeit bevorzugt besiedelt. Deckungsreiche Habitate der offenen Landschaft, speziell aber Saumhabitate weisen eine reichhaltigere Molluskenfauna auf als Waldhabitate. Charakterart der offenen Landschaft ist Deroceras reticulatum. Zu den artenärmsten Habitaten zählen Viehweiden, auf denen fast nur Deroceras reticulatum und D. laeve auftreten, und Fichtenforste, in denen vor allem Arion subfuscus zu finden ist. Auch bodensaure Laubwälder sind artenarm. Charakterart ist Malacolimax tennellus. Die Vergesellschaftung der Arten ist abhängig von ihrer Häufigkeit. Es sind kaum signifikante Affinitäten zu ermitteln und lediglich das Artenpaar Arion rufus und Discus rotundatus läßt sich als Recurrent-Group abgrenzen.
Neufunde und Bestätigungen von Flechten der Eifel (Rheinland, Deutschland)
Authors: Düll Ruprecht 
Published: June 2023

Die 18 best erforschten Messtischblätter weisen im Gebiet zwischen 100 und 280 Flechten-Arten auf. Die MTB’s Stadtkyll (5605) und Altenahr /5407) sind mit ca. 280 bzw. 270 Arten vorläufig die Spitzenreiter. Blatt Hönningen (5507) steht mit ca. 240 bekannten Arten (im Quadrant 1 bereits fast 150) an 5. Stelle. Im speziellen Teil werden die Fundorte von 86 Flechtenarten aufgeführt. Erstmals nachgewiesen oder bestätigt werden für das Nordrhein-Gebiet Pertusaria albescens var. corallina und Toninia candida sowie für Rheinland-Pfalz Caloplaca erythrocarpa, Graphis elegans, Lecanora impudens, L. subcarpinea. Ochrolechia arborea, Physconia muscigena, Ramalina calicaris und Rhizocarpon ridescens. Sehr selten sind in Nordrhein-Westfalen bzw. Rheinland-Pfalz mindestens 20 der genannten Arten. Für Nordrhein-Westfalen sind Parmelia submontana, Racodium rupestre und Usnea capillaris sowie für Rheinland-Pfalz z.B. Bacidia ruhella, Collema flaccida, lonaspis lacustris, Peltigera leucophlebia und Sphaerophorus globosus besonders erwähnenswert.
Hermann Schaaffhausen 1816-1893 - sein Beitrag zum Evolutionsgedanken
Authors: Sauer Klaus Peter 
Published: June 2023

An der 1818 gegründeten Universität Bonn lehrte mit Hermann Schaaffhausen (19. Juli 1816 - 26. Januar 1893) seit 1844 eine Persönlichkeit, die es verdient, sich ihrer zu erinnern. Obgleich er über 350 Artikel veröffentlichte und er sich bei der Erstbeschreibung des Neandertaler-Fundes große Verdienste erworben hatte, wurde seine wissenschaftshistorische Stellung bisher eher episodisch bearbeitet. Daher soll im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrages Schaaffhausens 1853 erschienene richtungsweisende Arbeit „Über Beständigkeit und Umwandlung der Arten“ stehen. Auch wenn derzeit noch nicht vollständig erschlossen werden kann, aufgrund welcher mittelbarer und unmittelbarer Vorraussetzungen gerade Hermann Schaaffhausen die Unveränderlichkeit der Arten, die damals von der Mehrzahl der Wissenschaftler „als Naturgesetz betrachtet wurde“, in Zweifel zog, soll diese, auch von Darwin in seiner „Historischen Skizze der Fortschritte in den Ansichten über den Ursprung der Arten“ gewürdigte Arbeit [erstmals 1861 publiziert in der 3. Edition von Der Ursprung der Arten. London: Murray], vor dem Hintergrund der unterschiedlichen geistigen Strömungen der Zeit betrachtet warden.
Blütenbesucher (Apiformes, Lepidoptera, Syrphidae) und Heuschreckenzönosen (Saltatoria) unterschiedlich gemanagter Bergwiesen im Nationalpark Eifel
Authors: Boller Jörn , Schindler Matthias 
Published: June 2023

Auf sechs unterschiedlich gemanagten Bergwiesen im „Nationalpark Eifel“ wurden die Wildbienen-, Tagfalter-, Schwebfliegen- und Heuschreckenzönosen untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 29 Bienenarten, 18 Tagfalterarten, 21 Schwebfliegenarten und 14 Heuschreckenarten erfasst. Die Wildbienenzönose wurde von Bombus lapidarius und Bambus lucorum Gr. dominiert, die Zönose der Heuschrecken von Chorthippus parallelus und Omocestus viridulus. Bei den Tagfaltern waren Coenonympha pampillus und bei den Schwebfliegen Eristalis tenax abundant. Hervorzuheben ist der Nachweis der in Nordrhein-Westfalen vom Aussterben bedrohten Heuschreckenarten Stenobothrus stigmaticus und Decticus verrucivorus. Letzterer kommt im Untersuchungsgebiet mit großer Individuendichte vor. Bei den wirbellosen-Zönosen der unterschiedlichen Bergwiesen wurden deutliche Unterschiede in der Diversität und Artenzusammensetzung festgestellt, die mit den unterschiedlichen Habitateigenschaften in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Die Aufgabe der Nutzung führte auf den Bergwiesen zu einer geringeren Verfügbarkeit von Nahrungspflanzen für blütenbesuchende Insekten. Weiterhin wird die Zusammensetzung des Artenspektrums durch mikroklimatische Unterschiede sowie die Präsenz von Reproduktionsstätten beeinflusst. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse werden die Entwicklung der Wirbellosenzönosen auf den Prozessschutzflächen abgeschätzt und Empfehlungen für Pflegemaßnahmen abgeleitet.