bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matching Into Integrated Plastic Surgery: The Impact of USMLE Step 1 Transition to Pass/Fail: Did the 2019 Predictions Come True in 2024?
Authors: Boyd Lyndsay R. , Lin Lawrence O. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The first class of integrated plastic surgery residency applicants with pass/fail (P/F) step 1 assessments occurred during the 2023–2024 Match cycle. This study analyzes the results of a 2024 postmatch survey to program directors (PDs) regarding the impact of the conversion to P/F step 1 scoring and compares the results to the 2019 survey that attempted to predict how this conversion would influence decision-making when it was initially announced.

Methods:
A 26-item survey evaluating PDs’ perspectives on applicant characteristics and the application process following P/F step 1 scoring was distributed March 2024. Data were analyzed using summary tables, marginal homogeneity tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results:
Thirty-seven plastic surgery PDs completed the survey (response rate = 46.3%). The top 3 most important metrics for determining applicant interview invitations after step 1 P/F conversion were participation in an away rotation, letters of recommendation, and involvement in research, while ultimately match rank list order emphasized quality of the applicant’s interview. A total of 68.1% of PDs agree that it was more difficult to differentiate applicants without a numerical step 1 score. A total of 51.5% of PDs reported using step 2 clinical knowledge scores to screen applicants. PDs’ opinions on factors influencing the 2023–2024 Match cycle did not significantly change from predictions studied in 2019.

Conclusions:
Program directors felt that in the 2023–2024 cycle, it was more difficult to differentiate between applicants, leading to increased emphasis on other characteristics such as away rotations, letters of recommendation, step 2 clinical knowledge scores, and research. There was no difference from what was predicted.
Characterization of Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome in a Mouse Model Using [18F]F- Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Mujahid Alaa , Alotaibi Bashayr , DeMellier Chloe , Gallegos Carlos , Sherwani Mohammad , Alexandrian Ara , Sorace Anna , Brady Amy , George Remo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ionizing radiation on the skin has the potential to cause various sequelae affecting quality of life and even leading to death due to multi-system failure. The development of radiation dermatitis is attributed to oxidative damage to the skin’s basal layer and alterations in immune response, leading to inflammation. Past studies have shown that [18F]F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([18F]F-FDG PET/CT) can be used effectively for the detection of inflammatory activity, especially in conditions like hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, and early atherosclerosis. Since currently there are no specific tests for radiation dermatitis, our study aimed to validate whether radiation dermatitis induced in mice can be accurately visualized and measured using [18F]F-FDG PET/CT. We induced cutaneous radiation syndrome in BALB/c mice with different radiation absorbed doses and monitored symptom development through photography, PET imaging, and histopathology, marking the first attempt at non-invasively quantifying radiation dermatitis effects at the molecular level using PET imaging. Our results showed that there were progressive changes in the dorsal skin of irradiated mice, with notable differences between those exposed to varying doses of radiation. Erythema, epilation, and desquamation were more pronounced in mice exposed to lower doses (25 Gy and 35 Gy) than at 45 Gy; however, by the third week, severe skin deterioration, including ulceration and dermal atrophy, was evident in mice irradiated with 35 Gy and 45 Gy. PET/CT imaging revealed increased [18F]F-FDG uptake in the irradiated dorsal skin area of all mice compared to controls, with more pronounced avidity for the lesion in the 25 Gy and 35 Gy than the 45 Gy. Comparison of tissue-normalized SUVMax values showed that both the 25 Gy and 35 Gy mice exhibited fourfold [18F]F-FDG uptake in the dorsal skin compared to controls, while a twofold uptake was seen at 45 Gy, thus indicating substantial metabolic changes in the dorsal skin induced by radiation exposure. Histopathological analyses correlated with the above findings, demonstrating generalized hypertrophy and epidermal thickening in all irradiated mice compared to controls, with thicker epidermis observed with higher radiation doses and increased destruction of microvasculature. In conclusion, PET/CT emerges as a successful tool for imaging cutaneous radiation syndrome, with the observed dermal changes in irradiated mice closely aligning with metabolic alterations of the affected area.
Potential Protective or Pathogenic Roles of Parabacteroides distasonis in Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Luo Chaozhong , Gao Hainv 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Parabacteroides distasonis is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium, and an important gut colonizer first isolated from human feces in 1933. Over more than 90 years of research, P. distasonis has been found to be associated with liver diseases such as liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gastrointestinal diseases such as colitis and colorectal tumors and metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, potentially playing a protective or pathogenic role in the occurrence and progression of these diseases. Herein, we elaborate on the biological characteristics, antibiotic resistance and potential roles of P. distasonis in these diseases, aiming to provide researchers with comprehensive information about P. distasonis and promote in-depth investigations into its safety and protective effects.
The Role of Tranexamic Acid in Oculoplastic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Fujimura Alexandre Yamada , Cyrino Laura Goldfarb , Alves Ribeiro Vitor Expedito , Amaral Dillan Cunha , Maia Renata Martins , da Anunciação Ginguerra Maria Antonieta , Matayoshi Suzana 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
This study investigates the role of tranexamic acid in oculoplastic surgery.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized clinical trials comparing tranexamic acid (TXA) with placebo. We used the R software, applying mean difference for continuous outcomes and standard mean difference for continuous outcomes assessed on different scales.

Results:
We included 9 randomized clinical trials totaling 897 patients. Tranexamic acid did not reduce intraoperative bleeding, with a mean difference of −14.83 mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: −36.65 to 6.98). In the subgroup of patients undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy, there was a more pronounced trend, with a mean difference of −29.65 mL (95% CI: −61.07 to 1.76), though without statistical significance. In addition, TXA reduced the degree of periorbital ecchymosis, with a mean difference of −0.69 (95% CI: −1.13 to −0.25), and this reduction was more notable and only statistically significant with intravenous administration (mean difference of −0.78, 95% CI: −1.34 to −0.22). Regarding the surgeon’s satisfaction with hemostasis and the visibility of the surgical field, only 2 studies demonstrated statistically significant results, both using intravenous TXA administration. The other 4 studies did not report any improvement: 2 used the subcutaneous route, and the remaining 2 used the intravenous route for TXA administration. Finally, no reduction in the surgical time was observed with the use of TXA in oculoplastic procedures.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, TXA did not reduce intraoperative bleeding. However, despite the weak evidence in this outcome, the drug significantly decreased the degree of periorbital ecchymosis in patients undergoing blepharoplasty using intravenous administration.
T-Shaped Wedge Resection of the Upper Eyelid: An Alternative to the Pentagonal Wedge
Authors: Ghadiali Larissa K. , Zemsky Christine , Gerber Austin , Campbell Benjamin C. , Jiro Marycon C. , Casper Daniel S. , Lee Hui Bae Harold , Nunnery William R. , Burgett Richard , Burgett Kendall , Winn Bryan J. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To report the experience with an alternative to the upper eyelid pentagonal wedge resection technique which results in improved cosmesis due to a greater alignment of incisions with relaxed skin tension lines.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all patients who underwent the T-shaped wedge resection by the authors from 2009 to 2017. A horizontal eyelid crease incision is made across the upper eyelid skin. A rectangular full-thickness excision extending to the eyelid crease anteriorly, with an additional superior triangle of posterior lamellar excision is performed. The anterior lamella above the eyelid crease is left intact and the eyelid crease incision is used to distribute the relative excess anterior lamellar tissue above the eyelid crease to the horizontally shortened tissue below the crease.

Results:
One hundred and four eyelids of 102 patients were included. The mean patient age was 57 and the procedure was performed on 49 right upper eyelids and 55 left upper eyelids. The indications for eyelid resection were benign lesions (n = 57), basal cell carcinoma (n = 27), trichiasis (n = 15), and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 3). Two patients experienced mild postoperative lagophthalmos, which did not require surgical repair. All patients were satisfied with their postoperative appearance. No patients required reoperation related to their procedure.

Conclusion:
The T-shaped wedge resection is an alternative to the traditional pentagonal wedge resection of the upper eyelid. This technique uses the natural upper eyelid crease to redistribute the relative excess skin above the defect, rather than extending the excision superior to the eyelid crease which can alter the contour of the crease and potentially create a vertical scar above the crease.
Cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric distress, and functional decline after liver transplantation
Authors: Ruck Jessica M. , Murriel Emily C. , Fortune Hernandez Nicole , Jefferis Alexa A. , McAdams DeMarco Mara , Vannorsdall Tracy D. , Segev Dorry L. , King Elizabeth A. , Oh Esther S. 
Published: January 2025

Impaired cognition in liver recipients has been studied in the immediate post-transplant period but is poorly understood long-term, despite its importance to quality of life. In a single-center cohort of liver recipients transplanted 2010-2022 and >1 years post-transplant, we assessed cognitive performance using a telephone-based battery. We compared depression, anxiety, and self-reported function by cognitive performance using descriptive statistics. Among 120 participants (median age 65, median 7.3 y post-transplant), 25% had below-expectation cognition, 53% at-expectation cognition, and 22% above-expectation. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Below-expectation performance was most commonly observed in verbal learning (28%) and verbal memory (22%). Overall, 46% had symptoms of depression (38%) and/or anxiety (28%); anxiety was less common among those with above-expectation cognition (0%) versus below-expectation (34%) or at-expectation cognition (38%, P=0.01). Impaired global daily function was reported by 36% of recipients but was not associated with objective cognitive performance. Below-expectation cognition was prevalent among 25% of liver recipients at least 1 year post-transplant and was associated with higher likelihood of reporting psychiatric distress. These findings underscore the need for longitudinal assessment of cognitive and mental health outcomes among liver transplant recipients.
“This Is Loneliness, Helplessness, Desolation…”: Exploring the Emotions and Emotion Regulation Experiences of Mothers of Children Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Şengün İnan Figen , Tör Nurdağ Fazilet 
Published: January 2025

Background
Caring for children with leukemia presents significant challenges and stress for mothers, which can negatively affect their psychological well-being. However, emotion regulation plays a vital role in maintaining psychological well-being during such stressful situations.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the emotions and emotion regulation strategies of mothers of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Methods
The research used a phenomenological approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 mothers in Turkey. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used for reporting the research.

Results
Four themes and their subthemes emerged from the data: (1) emotional tides: anchor to hope from emotional suffering (emotional suffering and anchor to hope), (2) sources of emotions (meaning and effects of cancer, the child’s suffering and happiness, the burden of societal stigma, motherhood in the shadow of cancer, and social support and strains in relationships), (3) emotion regulation strategies (suppression, cognitive strategies, and behavioral strategies), and (4) difficulties of emotion regulation (lack of strategy, inability to notice and express emotions, and behaving impulsively).

Conclusions
Mothers of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia often experience distressing emotions and struggle to maintain positive emotions and regulate their distress. They tend to rely on maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, such as suppression, catastrophizing, and rumination.

Implications for Practice
Nurses should recognize the emotional challenges faced by mothers and implement psychoeducational interventions that include adaptive emotion regulation strategies. This support can help mothers navigate the difficult emotions encountered during their child’s cancer journey.
Mechanisms of Post-Stroke Stiff Knee Gait: A Narrative Review
Authors: Krajewski Kellen T. , Correa J. Sebastian , Siu Ricardo , Cunningham David , Sulzer James S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stiff-Knee gait (SKG) is a dysfunction commonly observed post-stroke characterized by a decreased swing phase knee flexion angle. Importantly, SKG can impair walking, ultimately reducing overall activity and participation. Interventions for SKG have shown mixed results, and combined with more recent observational evidence, suggest that there are other potential causes requiring the need to re-examine the etiology of SKG. The aim of this review is to compile and appraise the current state of the science regarding the neurophysiological and biomechanical impairments of individuals post-stroke with SKG. This narrative review will address the following topics to better understand SKG: operationally define SKG and further detail its presentation, describe the potential neurophysiological and biomechanical mechanisms of SKG, and synthesize findings. We explore evidence for quadriceps hyperreflexia, abnormal tone, motor incoordination, and impaired propulsion. We conclude that SKG needs a commonly accepted definition, that more attention needs to be devoted to understanding its mechanisms, and that in prospective designs, larger sample sizes are needed to account for the heterogeneity of the condition.
Surgical Site Infection After Sacral Neuromodulation: Impact of Postoperative Antibiotics
Authors: King Luke J. , Ashmore Sarah L. , Chapman Hannah L. , McKenzie Collin M. , Clarke Bayley E. , Rozycki Sarah K. , Rothenberger Rodger W. , Floch Jared M. , Khalid Nageena R. , Roberts Brittany L. , Bonglack Mildred N. , Rardin Charles R. 
Published: January 2025

Importance
There are limited data to guide practices to reduce surgical site infections following sacral neuromodulation; however, many surgeons prescribe prophylactic postoperative antibiotics after device implantation.

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the proportion of patients with sacral neuromodulation device-associated surgical site infections after use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics versus none.

Study Design
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing sacral neuromodulation device implantation at 11 institutions from January 2014 to December 2023, comparing outcomes in patients who did versus did not receive prophylactic postoperative antibiotic treatment. The primary outcome was surgical site infection within 90 days. The proportions of surgical site infections were compared, and regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with surgical site infection.

Results
A total of 1,798 patients met inclusion criteria. Within this population, 67 surgical site infections (3.7%) were identified. Patients who received postoperative antibiotics (898/1798, 49.9%) were older (63.2 years vs 61.0 years, P < 0.001), and a greater proportion had staged procedures (57.9% vs 49.8%, P < 0.001). The proportion of surgical site infections and device explantations were not different between groups (3.6% vs 3.9%, P = 0.8) and (2.0% vs 2.8%, P = 0.2), respectively. After adjusting for age in a multivariate analysis, prophylactic postoperative antibiotic use was not associated with surgical site infections (0.98, 95% CI: 0.61–1.61, P = 0.94).

Conclusions
Rates of surgical site infection following device implantation are low. Our findings suggest that the use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics has minimal effect on reducing infection after device implantation. Further research is needed to explore underlying factors influencing this relationship.
Memristive ternary Łukasiewicz logic based on reading-based ratioed resistive states (3R)
Authors: Liu Feng , Brackmann Leon , Zhao Xianyue , Du Nan , Waser Rainer , Menzel Stephan 
Published: January 2025

The thirst for more efficient computational paradigms has reignited interest in computation in memory (CIM), a burgeoning topic that pivots on the strengths of more versatile logic systems. Surging ahead in this innovative milieu, multi-valued logic systems have been identified as possessing the potential to amplify storage density and computation efficacy. Notably, ternary logic has attracted widespread research owing to its relatively lower computational and storage complexity, offering a promising alternative to the traditional binary logic computation. This study provides insight into the feasibility of ternary logic in the CIM domain using resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) devices. Its multi-level programming capability making it an ideal conduit for the integration of ternary logic. We focus on ternary Łukasiewicz logic because its computational characteristics are highly suitable for mapping logic values with input and output signals. This approach is characterized by voltage-reading-based output for ease of subsequent utilization and computation and validated in 1T1R crossbar arrays in an integrated ReRAM chip (Memory Advanced Demonstrator 200 mm). In addition, the effect of variability of memristive devices on logical computation and the potential for parallel operation are also investigated.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms’.
Reconstructing NOD-like receptor alleles with high internal conservation inPodospora anserinausing long-read sequencing
Authors: Ament-Velásquez S. Lorena , Furneaux Brendan , Dheur Sonia , Granger-Farbos Alexandra , Stelkens Rike , Johannesson Hanna , Saupe Sven J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNOD-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular immune receptors that detect pathogen-associated cues and trigger defense mechanisms, including regulated cell death. In filamentous fungi, some NLRs mediate heterokaryon incompatibility, a self/non-self recognition process that prevents the vegetative fusion of genetically distinct individuals, reducing the risk of parasitism. Thehet-dandhet-eNLRs inPodospora anserinaare highly polymorphic incompatibility genes (hetgenes) whose products recognize different alleles of thehet-cgene via a sensor domain composed of WD40 repeats. These repeats display unusually high sequence identity maintained by concerted evolution. However, some sites within individual repeats are hypervariable and under diversifying selection. Despite extensive genetic studies, inconsistencies in the reported WD40 domain sequence have hindered functional and evolutionary analyses. Here we demonstrate that the WD40 domain can be accurately reconstructed from long-read sequencing (Oxford Nanopore and PacBio) data, but not from Illumina-based assemblies. Functional alleles are usually formed by 11 highly conserved repeats, with different repeat combinations underlying the same phenotypichet-dandhet-eincompatibility reactions. Protein structure models suggest that their WD40 domain folds into two 7-blade β-propellers composed of the highly conserved repeats, as well as three cryptic divergent repeats at the C-terminus. We additionally show that one particularhet-eallele does not have an incompatibility reaction with commonhet-calleles, despite being 11-repeats long. Our findings provide a robust foundation for future research into the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics ofhetNLRs, while also highlighting both the fragility and the flexibility ofβ-propellers as immune sensor domains.
Detection of RSV using nasopharyngeal swabs alone underestimates RSV-related hospitalization incidence in adults: the Multispecimen study’s Final Analysis
Authors: Begier Elizabeth , Aliabadi Negar , Ramirez Julio , McGeer Allison , Liu Qing , Carrico Ruth , Mubareka Samira , Uppal Sonal , Furmanek Stephen , Zhong Zoe , Hubler Robin , Chandler Thomas , Kassee Caroline , Wilde Ashley , Katz Kevin , Peyrani Paula , Junkins Alan , Vermeiren Christie , Kalina Warren V , Falsey Ann R. , Walsh Edward , Elsobky Malak , Yacisin Kari , Gonzalez Elisa , Jodar Luis , Gessner Bradford D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRSV detection improves if an additional specimen is collected, but the impact of testing saliva and multiple specimen types has not been assessed. We quantified RSV detection increase with multiple specimen collection over nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) alone.MethodsProspectively enrolled hospitalized adults aged ≥40 years with acute respiratory illness in seven hospitals in US and Canada had NPS, saliva, sputa, and acute/convalescent sera collected and tested.ResultsAmong 3,669 enrolled participants, 100% had NPS, 97.7% saliva, 33.0% sputum, and 33.4% paired serology. RSV detection was 112% higher (95% CI86%−141%) using all specimen types compared to NPS alone. Saliva had higher sensitivity than NPS (61.4% versus 47.2%). Among those with congestive heart failure exacerbations, additional specimens increased RSV detection by 267% (95% CI85%−625%) and saliva detected more infections than NPS. Among 1013 subjects with paired NPS from different timepoints tested on the same platform, specimens collected on average 1 day later detected 30% less RSV infections.ConclusionsRSV detection increased over 100% using four specimen types versus NPS alone, suggesting a 2-fold correction factor is appropriate for incidence/prevalence studies relying on NPS alone. Saliva is more sensitive than NPS, warranting further study particularly in cardiac patients.