bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death at Home Following a Targeted Advance‐Care Planning Process at Home: The Kitchen Table Discussion
Authors: Ratner Edward , Norlander Linda , McSteen Kerstin 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether home health agency patients' preferences to die at home can be honored following a structured, professionally facilitated advance‐care planning (ACP) process provided in the home.DESIGN: A case series of patients who were identified by their home health agency nurses as having a life‐limiting illness and then referred for social service assessment, followed for at least 6 months, with median follow‐up of 191 days.SETTING: A large, urban, home health agency owned by a not‐for‐profit integrated healthcare system.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty‐four adult patients (median age 75, range 37–94) receiving home care services other than hospice.INTERVENTION: Formally structured social work visits at patients' homes to discuss end‐of‐life issues, with communication of results to home health nurses and attending physicians. Social workers performed standard psychosocial assessments, obtained patient and family preferences regarding end‐of‐life care, and provided education about hospice services.MEASUREMENTS: Acceptance of the ACP process, preferences for location of end‐of‐life care, location of care at the end of life, adequacy of timing of intervention as measured by length of life after ACP, and use of hospice services.RESULTS: Eighty‐three of 84 participants (99%) were willing to complete an ACP process in the home setting. Of the 54 patients expressing a clear preference for location of end‐of‐life care, 46 (82%) wanted this care to be at home. Thirty‐nine (46%) of the participants died within 90 days of ACP; 58 (69%) died by the end of the study. Forty‐three (75%) of these deaths occurred at home or in a hospice residence. Fifty‐one (61%) patients used home, residential, or nursing home–based hospice services during the study.CONCLUSION: In this series of seriously ill home health patients, most preferred to die at home and virtually all were willing to participate in a home‐based ACP process. Facilitating ACP among such patients and their families was associated with end‐of‐life care at home. Use of hospice services was common following ACP in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:778–781, 2001.
Differential Effects of Premorbid Physical and Emotional Health on Recovery from Acute Events
Authors: Ostir Glenn V. , Goodwin James S. , Markides Kyriakos S. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Balfour Jennifer , Guralnik Jack M. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES:Emotional health may have an important effect on disease onset, but there has been little work evaluating premorbid emotional health on recovery from disability that results from acute medical events. The aim of this study is to determine whether premorbid emotional health is predictive of recovery in functional ability 1 year after reporting a stroke, heart attack, or hip fracture (event).DESIGN:A prospective cohort study of an older population‐based sample from 1986 to 1992.SETTING:Data are from baseline and six annual follow‐ups of the North Carolina Established Population for Epidemiological Study of the Elderly.PARTICIPANTS:Two hundred forty whites and blacks aged 65 and older who reported a stroke, heart attack, or hip fracture during one of the first five follow‐up interviews and had an increased level of disability at that follow‐up.MEASUREMENT:Improvement in disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) 1 year postevent.RESULTS:High depressive symptoms at baseline showed a significant association with poorer recovery in functional ability 1‐year postevent after adjustments were made for sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, ADLs at time of event, cognitive status, and prior history of disease. Compared with nondepressed subjects, depressed subjects had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16‐0.94) for recovery 1 year after reporting a stroke, heart attack, or hip fracture. Additionally, among subjects who reported low depressive symptoms, high positive affect was significantly associated with increased odds of recovery (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.10–6.68), adjusting for the same variables.CONCLUSIONS:Emotional health, independent of other baseline measures, is associated with recovery in functional ability 1 year after a major health event. Our findings suggest that reducing premorbid levels of depressive symptoms or increasing positive affect may help the recovery process. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:713–718, 2002.
Neuronal inhibitory effects of methadone are predominantly opioid receptor mediated in the rat spinal cord in vivo
Authors: Carpenter Katherine J. , Chapman Victoria , Dickenson Anthony H. 
Published: July 2002

This study aims to assess whether the antinociceptive actions of methadone are mediated solely through opioid mechanisms, or whether its reported affinity for NMDA receptors has physiological relevance in vivo. Methadone is a μ‐opioid receptor agonist reported to relieve pain unresponsive to other opioids. It is a racemic mixture comprising d ‐ and l ‐optical isomers; the d ‐isomer has a lower affinity for opioid receptors, and both also exhibit NMDA receptor binding, likely to indicate antagonist activity. d ‐Methadone is antinociceptive in behavioural studies via non‐opioid mechanisms, which could include functional NMDA receptor‐blocking activity. Here we investigate the ability ofd ‐ and dl ‐methadone to inhibit noxious and innocuous electrically‐evoked responses of dorsal horn neurones in the anaesthetized rat.Racemic methadone (5, 25, 50, 250 μg) applied spinally, dose‐relatedly inhibited the C‐fibre evoked response, input and wind‐up of the neurones, with a profile resembling that of morphine. d‐Methadone (5, 25, 50, 250, 500 μg) was also inhibitory, although less potent by a factor of between 13 and 48 depending on the neuronal measure; its profile of inhibition resembled that of the racemic mixture rather than an NMDA receptor antagonist. Both compounds had minimal effects on Aβ‐fibre‐evoked activity. The inhibitory effects of both d ‐ and dl ‐methadone on noxious‐evoked activity were naloxone reversible. The naloxone reversibility of d ‐methadone inhibitions is best interpreted as indicative of a purely opioid mechanism of action. However, the ability of naloxone to reverse the effects of d ‐methadone may also reflect a degree of synergy between weak NMDA antagonist and opioid agonist activity. Copyright 2000 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain
State resolved photodissociation of vibrationally excited water: Rotations, stretching vibrations, and relative cross sections
Authors: Vander Wal R. L. , Scott J. L. , Crim F. F. 
Published: July 2002

The state resolved photodissociation of highly vibrationally excited water molecules using laser induced fluorescence detection of the OH product demonstrates the control that the initially selected state exerts over product state populations. These vibrationally mediated photodissociation experiments, in which one photon prepares a highly vibrationally excited molecule and a second photon dissociates it, determine the role of overall rotations and of O–H stretching vibrations as well as measure the relative cross section for the photodissociation of water. The rotational state of the vibrationally excited water molecule governs the rotational state of the OH product of the dissociation, in agreement with ab initio calculations and previous measurements on single rotational states excited in the fundamental asymmetric stretching vibration band. The initially selected vibrational state of the water molecule determines the vibrational energy disposal in the products, which agrees with a simple qualitative model based on the pattern of the initially selected vibrational wave function. Dissociating vibrational states with similar energies but very different nuclear motions produces dramatically different product vibrational state populations. The vibrational energy initially present in the surviving bond primarily appears as vibrational excitation of the product. Dissociation of the ‖04〉− state produces no vibrationally excited OH, but dissociation of the ‖13〉− state produces mostly vibrationally excited products.
These qualitative notions agree well with recently detailed ab initio calculations. The relative photodissociatiuib cross section of the highly vibrationally excited molecule shows structure over the wavelength range of 218.5 to 266 nm that reflects the nodal pattern of the intermediate vibrational state in the dissociation and confirms the predictions of theoretical calculations.
A quantitative analysis of guest periodicity in one-dimensional inclusion compounds
Authors: Rennie Andrew J. O. , Harris Kenneth D. M. 
Published: July 2002

We consider those crystalline inclusion compounds that can be modeled as one-dimensional systems, and develop a mathematical model in which the one-dimensional inclusion compound comprises a linear, infinite host channel (with periodic repeat distance ch along the channel axis) containing a regular, periodic arrangement of n guest molecules (with periodic repeat distance cg ). The principal aim of this paper is to develop a method for the quantitative prediction of cg, and a theoretically justified procedure is described for using known potential energy functions for host–guest and guest–guest interactions as a route towards deriving this information. Fundamental to the analysis is the definition of an appropriate energy expression—denoted the ‘‘characteristic energy’’ of an inclusion compound Ê(α,n)—that directly indicates the relative energetic favorability of inclusion compounds with different guest periodicities α(α=cg/ch). Then, via a graphical method—the characteristic energy diagram, which is essentially a means of constructing a bounded region that will contain the points (α,Ê(α,n))—a restricted range containing the optimal value of α can be determined. A procedure is provided for constructing the characteristic energy diagram using computed potential energy functions for ‘‘real’’ inclusion compounds, and the method for interpretation of the diagram is discussed in full.
Furthermore, our method of analysis not only permits an assessment of the optimum guest periodicity for the inclusion compound, but also addresses, from energetic considerations, the question of whether ‘‘lock-in’’ of the host and guest substructures will occur. The applicability of our method of analysis is illustrated using potential energy functions computed for the hexadecane/urea inclusion compound. The characteristic energy diagram is constructed for this system and used to deduce that the optimal guest periodicity is in the range cg=22.6 Å±0.1 Å, in excellent agreement with recent experimental results. At this optimal periodicity, the interaction between adjacent guest molecules is repulsive; any naive approach to predict cg by finding the minimum of the guest–guest interaction energy curve is blatantly incorrect.
Free energy model for inhomogeneous fluid mixtures: Yukawa-charged hard spheres, general interactions, and plasmas
Authors: Rosenfeld Yaakov 
Published: July 2002

A free energy model for the inhomogeneous hard-sphere fluid mixture was derived recently [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 980 (1989)], which is based on the fundamental geometric measures of the particles. Along with an updated assessment of its accuracy, this model is first generalized for charged hard-sphere fluid mixtures, in which every particle carries a central Yukawa charge, and it is then extended to general fluid mixtures in external fields. The Yukawa-charged hard-sphere mixture provides a quite general reference system for many interesting physical systems including plasmas, molten salts, and colloidal dispersions, the screening parameter enabling to interpolate between the long range Coulomb forces and the short range hard cores. A special renormalization property of the Yukawa potential provides the means to derive the exact Onsager-type lower bound for the potential energy of the mixture, and its related asymptotic strong-coupling limit of the liquid pair correlation functions. These results are obtained analytically for the general homogeneous mixture with Yukawa interactions. They enable to extend the fundamental measure free energy model to inhomogeneous charged Yukawa mixtures, with the charge contributions given by a truncated second order expansion from the uniform (bulk) fluid limit.
The resulting free energy model, which interpolates between the ideal-gas and ‘‘ideal-liquid’’ limits, then leads to a self-consistent method for calculating the density profiles for general fluid mixtures in external fields. This method is equivalent to an ansatz of ‘‘universality of the bridge functional.’’ The ‘‘bridge functional’’ consists of all the terms beyond the second order, in the expansion of the excess free energy functional around a reference uniform fluid. The self-consistency is imposed by applying the general method in the special case when the external potential is generated by a ‘‘test particle’’ at the origin of coordinates. In this limit, our general method for nonuniform fluids corresponds to an established and successful theory for the bulk uniform fluid pair structure, namely the thermodynamically consistent modified-hypernetted-chain theory, with the bridge functions now generated by an explicit and demonstratively accurate, ‘‘universal,’’ hard-sphere bridge functional. As a stringent test for the general model, the strongly coupled one-component plasma, in the bulk and near a hard wall, is considered in some detail.
Apoptosis induction by phencyclidine in the brains of rats of different ages
Authors: Milošević Javorina , Veskov Rosica , Vasilev Vesna , Rakić Ljubiša , Ruždijić Sabera 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe examined whether acute administration of phencyclidine (PCP), an antagonist of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐channel complex, can cause neuronal toxicity that is associated with apoptosis. Three‐ and 24‐month‐old rats were placed in locomotor activity chambers. PCP (50 mg/kg) or saline (0.15 M NaCl) were simultaneously administered to the treated and age‐matched controls. After observing changes of locomotor activities, the animals were killed 24 h after treatment. The brains were processed for in situ analysis of apoptosis either by propidium iodide (PI) staining, or for the terminal dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) method. The regional distribution of apoptotic nuclei was established using PI staining. Apoptosis was additionally confirmed and quantified by the TUNEL technique. PI and TUNEL staining revealed that PCP‐mediated neurotoxicity in the prefrontal and enthorhinal cortices, the striatum and hippocampus was associated with a significant number of neurons exhibiting apoptotic morphology. We found that the total number of apoptotic cells was higher in the brains of 24‐month‐old rats. Compared to the respective controls the number of apoptotic cells was 3.8‐fold greater in the cortex of old rats, followed by the striatum (three‐fold), and hippocampus (1.4‐fold). Accordingly, we concluded that ageing was accompanied by DNA‐damage that was most pronounced in the prefrontal cortical neurones. The most prominent elevation in the degree of apoptosis in the young‐treated compared to young‐untreated rats was detected in the striatum. Comparison of the number of TUNEL‐positive cells in treated‐aged versus treated‐young rats revealed that in all the examined regions of the brain PCP exerted a stronger apoptotic effect in younger animals.
Reliability Of Speech And Language Therapists Using Therapy Outcome Measures
Authors: John Alexandra , Enderby Pamela 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Therapy Outcome Measure (TOM) aims to provide Speech and Language Therapists (SLT) with a practical tool to measure outcomes of care by providing a quick and simple measure which can be used over time with patients and clients in a routine clinical setting. The TOM allows therapists to reflect their clinical judgement on the dimensions of impairment, disability/activity, handicap/participation and well‐being on an 11‐point ordinal scale. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reliability and the influences on reliability of SLT using this measure. Three studies are presented and give information on 73 SLT using the measure with different client groups. Study one assesses the degree of reliability of six SLT using the TOM following training and practice. Reliability was studied on three occasions and the results demonstrate the influence of training and practice. Study two included 56 SLT to examine reliability over a broader range of client groups and to investigate the effect of the SLT specializing on rating patients from within or‐out that specialism. Eleven therapists were included in the study, which examined the influence of a specific training approach. The participating SLT achieved a substantial‐moderate level of reliability; this was established in all domains. The degree of reliability achieved on the TOM was affected by some, but not extensive, training and experience.
An Analysis Of Referrals To Speech And Language Therapy In 11 Centres, 1987‐95
Authors: Enderby Pam , Petheram Brian 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis retrospective study analyses data collected on an information system developed specifically for the use of speech and language therapists in the management of their services. Eleven healthcare providers have used the system since 1985. This paper reflects data on 73000 clients referred to these speech and language therapy services between 1987 and 1995. The annual referral rate to these 11 trusts in 1987 was 4129, rising to 11944 in 1995. The percentage referrals per head of population per year varies between 0.32 and 0.58% of the population. Of referrals to speech and language therapy, 96% comes from 24 different sources, including self referrals and referrals from other agencies, such as education. The top five referrers in 1987 were health visitors, educational service, general medicine/geriatrics, general practitioners (GPs), and other speech and language therapists. In 1995 ear, nose and throat (ENT) services replaced speech and language therapists in the top five referrers.
Skeletal Myogenic Progenitors Originating from Embryonic Dorsal Aorta Coexpress Endothelial and Myogenic Markers and Contribute to Postnatal Muscle Growth and Regeneration
Authors: De Angelis Luciana , Berghella Libera , Coletta Marcello , Lattanzi Laura , Zanchi Malvina , Gabriella M. , Ponzetto Carola , Cossu Giulio 
Published: July 2002

Skeletal muscle in vertebrates is derived from somites, epithelial structures of the paraxial mesoderm, yet many unrelated reports describe the occasional appearance of myogenic cells from tissues of nonsomite origin, suggesting either transdifferentiation or the persistence of a multipotent progenitor. Here, we show that clonable skeletal myogenic cells are present in the embryonic dorsal aorta of mouse embryos. This finding is based on a detailed clonal analysis of different tissue anlagen at various developmental stages. In vitro, these myogenic cells show the same morphology as satellite cells derived from adult skeletal muscle, and express a number of myogenic and endothelial markers. Surprisingly, the latter are also expressed by adult satellite cells. Furthermore, it is possible to clone myogenic cells from limbs of mutant c-Met−/− embryos, which lack appendicular muscles, but have a normal vascular system. Upon transplantation, aorta-derived myogenic cells participate in postnatal muscle growth and regeneration, and fuse with resident satellite cells.
The potential of the vascular system to generate skeletal muscle cells may explain observations of nonsomite skeletal myogenesis and raises the possibility that a subset of satellite cells may derive from the vascular system.
Deficiency in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig)m Predisposes to Development of Igg Autoantibodies
Authors: Ehrenstein Michael R. , Cook H. Terence , Neuberger Michael S. 
Published: July 2002

Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M provides the initial response to foreign antigen and plays a regulatory role in subsequent immune response development, accelerating the production of high-affinity IgG. Here we show that mice deficient in serum IgM have an increased propensity to spontaneous autoimmunity as judged by the development with age of serum IgG anti-DNA antibodies and the renal deposition of IgG and complement. They also exhibit augmented anti-DNA IgG production on exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Thus, deficiency in serum IgM leads to diminished responsiveness to foreign antigens but increased responsiveness to self—a paradoxical association reminiscent of that described in humans deficient in complement or IgA.
We wondered whether serum IgM might play an analogous role with regard to the response to self-antigens. However, here—in contrast to the sluggish response to foreign antigens—we find that deficiency in serum IgM actually predisposes to the development of IgG antibodies to autoantigens.
3DinSight: an integrated relational database and search tool for the structure, function and properties of biomolecules.
Authors: An J , Nakama T , Kubota Y , Sarai A 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Although a large amount of information on the structure, function and properties of biomolecules is becoming available, it is difficult to understand the relationship between them. Thus, we have attempted to create an integrated relational database, search and visualization tool, 3DinSight, to help researchers to gain insight into their relationship. RESULTS: We have gathered data on the structure, function and properties of biomolecules, and implemented them into a relational database system. The structural data contain several subset data such as protein homologues, protein-DNA complex, in order to enable searching within a specific class of data. The functional data include motif sequence and mutation data of proteins. Also, various amino acid properties are implemented as a relational table. The World Wide Web (WWW) interfaces enable users to carry out various kinds of searches among these data. The locations of motif sequences and mutations are automatically mapped on the structure, and visualized in three-dimensional (3D) space by interactive viewers, VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and RasMol. In the case of VRML, the mapped 3D objects are hyper-linked to the corresponding document data. Also, amino acid properties, linked with structure, functional and mutation sites, can be displayed as graph plots. AVAILABILITY: 3DinSight is freely accessible through the Internet (http://www.rtc.riken.go.jp/3DinSight.h tml). CONTACT: sarai@rtc.riken.go.jp