bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization of highly asymmetric hydrogenated graphene in the van der Waals confined space
Authors: Huang Xianlei , Zheng Hang , Liu Weilin , Zhu Li , Yuan Guowen , Xu Jie , Wang Kaiyuan , Wang Lei , Li Shao-Chun , Gao Libo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) confined space provides distinct environment from free space, enabling the production of two-dimensional Janus materials, like highly asymmetric hydrogenated graphene (AH-Gr). Here, we develop a vdW confined space assisted hydrogenation method to produce AH-Gr. The confined space between graphene and the substrate aggregates hydrogen radicals, making the bottom-side of graphene more prone to hydrogenation. The dense and homogeneous confined spaces between adjacent vdW crystals promote rapid and uniform distribution of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. The hydrogen-to-carbon atomic (H/C) ratios can be quantitatively controlled by adjusting the permeated proton dose. All AH-Gr, regardless of H/C ratios, remain vacancy-free. The spatial distributions of C-H bonds significantly influence the electrical and magnetic properties of AH-Gr. Asymmetric hydrogenation transforms graphene from a semi-metal to a semiconductor, suppresses the quantum Hall effect, and reduces the phase coherence length. This study provides new insights into the preparation and characteristics of hydrogenated graphene, broadening the applications of vdW confined space.
Non-coordinating charge transfer enables ultrafast desolvation of hydrated zinc ions in the outer Helmholtz layer for stable aqueous Zn metal batteries
Authors: Guo Xiuli , Peng Qiaoling , Yang Rui , Cao Gengyou , Wen Jianfeng , Shin Kyungsoo , Zheng Ye , Tunmee Sarayut , Zou Caineng , Zheng Yongping , Zhou Xiaolong , Tang Yongbing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The formation of a strong coordination structure, [Zn(H2O)6]2+ often increases direct contact between the solvated H2O and Zn anodes on the inner Helmholtz layer, which exacerbates undesirable side reactions and dendrite growth, hindering the practical application of aqueous Zn metal batteries. Here, we identify that the solvated H2O can be effectively minimized by an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) consisting of highly nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon (NC) and perfluorosulfonic acid polymer (Nafion). Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that NC raises the Fermi level of the composite SEI and activates the non-coordinating charge transfer from the SEI to [Zn(H2O)6]2+, which leads to ultrafast desolvation of hydrated Zn-ions in the outer Helmholtz layer; while the Nafion framework ensures selective transport channels for Zn ions. Remarkably, the derived NC-Nafion@Zn symmetric cell exhibits a long lifespan (3400 h, 1 mA cm–2; 2000 h, 5 mA cm–2); moreover, the NC-Nafion@Zn//Mn4O3-carbon nanotubes full battery delivers ultralong cycling stability of 9300 cycles at 2 A g–1 with a high retention of 91.3%.
Massive aortic root dilation in a Young male with previously undiagnosed acromegaly: a case report and review
Authors: Gomaa Mahmoud , El-Shirbiny Hassan , Elshaer Osama 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive growth hormone (GH) production, causing abnormal bone and tissue enlargement. Typically, it presents with distinct physical changes, but some cases may lack noticeable features and still have internal abnormalities like aortic root dilation. Though rare, a family history can raise suspicion.

Case presentation
This report presents a case of a 23-year-old male with no significant medical history, who presented with severe dyspnea after a chest infection. He lacked distinct physical features of genetic or endocrinal disorders, but his uncle had acromegaly. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular hypertrophy and massive aortic root dilation. Elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) confirmed the diagnosis of acromegaly. The patient underwent a Bentall procedure, and his acromegaly was managed with octreotide and regular follow-ups.

Conclusions
The report emphasizes the potential genetic link, and the possibility of massive aortic root dilation associated with acromegaly.
Statin-induced immune mediated necrotising myopathy presenting with a markedly elevated cardiac troponin T in the absence of myocardial injury
Authors: Hall David , Mbonu Goodness , Nadeem Zulakha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cardiac troponin (cTn) is a sensitive test to assess for myocardial injury. However certain clinical situations can result in a raised cTn in the absence of cardiac involvement. Here we present a case of a 65-year-old woman on long term atorvastatin who presented with generalised weakness, non-specific chest pain, and a persistently elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T. Upon further investigation acute myocardial injury was excluded and a diagnosis of statin-induced immune mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) was made. The patient improved with cessation of atorvastatin and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate, intravenous immunoglobulin, and steroids. The mechanism for cTn elevation in skeletal myopathies without cardiac damage and the presentation and treatment of statin-induced IMNM are reviewed. We highlight the importance that in these cases the true cause of the raised cTn is recognised to allow prompt diagnosis and treatment of the underlying myopathy.
Did Trump’s Indictments Rally His Base? Evidence from the Counterfactual Format
Authors: Barari Soubhik , Coppock Alexander , Graham Matthew H , Padgett Zoe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the task of assessing how sudden, significant events causally affect public opinion, political pollsters often ask respondents how the event affected their attitudes and beliefs. We study the case of former President Donald Trump’s federal indictment for allegedly mishandling classified documents using two methods of retrospective causal inference. The commonly used change format asks respondents to state directly how the event affected their attitudes: Republicans say the event increased their support of Trump, while Democrats say the opposite. Like previous work, we argue that the change format exhibits a form of bias known as response substitution. The alternative counterfactual format is plausibly free of this source of error and asks respondents to imagine what their attitudes and beliefs would have been if the event had not happened. Using this method, Republican primary voters report that the indictment increased their belief that Trump mishandled documents (+2.5 pp) and decreased their intention to vote for him in the primaries (−1.6 pp). We argue that the counterfactual format is particularly valuable for studying the effects of highly salient news events like the Trump indictment on public opinion.
CARA: Convolutional Autoencoders for the detection of Radio Anomalies
Authors: Brand Kevin , Grobler Trienko L , Kleynhans Waldo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the advent of modern radio interferometers, a significant influx in data is expected. This influx will render the manual inspection of samples infeasible and thus necessitates the development of automated approaches to find radio sources with anomalous morphologies. In this paper, we investigate the use of autoencoders for anomalous source detection, based on the assumption that autoencoders will reconstruct anomalies poorly. Specifically, we compare an autoencoder architecture from the literature to two other autoencoder architectures, as well as to four conventional machine learning models. Our results showed that the reconstruction errors of these autoencoders were generally more informative with respect to identifying anomalies than machine learning models were when trained on PCA components. Furthermore, we found that the use of a memory unit in our autoencoders resulted in the best performance, as it further restricted the ability of autoencoders to generalise to anomalous sources.
Whilst investigating the use of different reconstruction error metrics as anomaly scores, we determined that they were more informative when combined than they were in isolation. Thus, applying the machine learning models to the combined anomaly scores from the autoencoders resulted in the best overall performance. Particularly, random forests and XGBoost models were the most effective, with isolation forests also being competitive when using a small number of labelled anomalies to tune their hyperparameters. Such isolation forests are also more likely to generalise to unseen classes of anomalies than supervised models such as random forests and XGBoost.
Interrelationships of disease activity, central sensitization, psychosocial and lifestyle factors in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kieskamp Stan C , van der Kraan Yvonne , Arends Suzanne , Wink Fréke , Bos Reinhard , Stewart Roy , Paap Davy , Spoorenberg Anneke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
In a substantial portion of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), disease activity scores remain high despite anti-inflammatory treatment. This is possibly due to factors beyond active inflammation including different pain mechanisms and psychosocial factors. Therefore, our aim was to build a biopsychosocial model to explore the interrelationships of Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) with central sensitization (CS), psychological and lifestyle factors in patients with axSpA.

Methods
Consecutive patients from the prospective Groningen Leeuwarden axSpA (GLAS) cohort were included in this cross-sectional study. Assessments included in the model were educational level, body mass index (BMI), questionnaires on CS, illness perception, pain catastrophizing, coping, anxiety and depression, physical activity (mSQUASH) and ASDAS. Structural equation modelling (SEM), a multivariate analysis testing hypothesized interrelationships between variables, was applied to investigate the effects of CS, psychosocial and lifestyle factors on ASDAS.

Results
332 consecutive axSpA patients were eligible for analyses of which 59% were male, median symptom duration was 21 years, and mean ASDAS was 2.2 ± 0.9. The final SEM model had a satisfactory fit (RMSEA = 0.057 (95% CI 0.45–0.70), CFI = 0.936). Illness perception, CS and BMI had direct, significant, effects on ASDAS. Psychological well-being and educational level were significantly indirectly associated with ASDAS through illness perception.

Conclusion
Our analyses exploring the interrelationships of biopsychosocial factors related to ASDAS showed that factors beyond inflammation, especially illness perception and CS, seem to contribute significantly to ASDAS in patients treated for axSpA in our standard-of-care cohort, confirming the need for a biopsychosocial approach.
Treat-to-target in SLE: is serology important? Results from an integrated analysis of five randomised clinical trials of belimumab
Authors: Gomez Alvaro , Lindblom Julius , Parodis Ioannis , Bertsias George 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
DORIS remission, based on clinical activity, and Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS), which includes serological markers, are protective targets in SLE. However, it remains unclear whether their prognostic impact is influenced by serum anti-dsDNA and complement levels

Methods
We analysed data from five phase III trials (BLISS-52, BLISS-76, BLISS-SC, BLISS-NEA, EMBRACE) totalling 45 254 monthly visits. Generalized linear models evaluated the effects of DORIS/LLDAS -with or without active serology- on the risk for severe (BILAG ≥1A/2B) and renal (BILAG A/B) flares. Organ damage was also assessed.

Results
Normal serology occurred in 544/1871 (29.1%) DORIS and 1879/4760 (39.5%) LLDAS visits. Using no-DORIS as reference, DORIS with anti-dsDNA(-) or normal/high C3/C4 demonstrated stronger protection against severe flares (odds ratios[ORs] 0.042; 95% CI 0.005–0.331 and 0.216; 95% CI 0.094–0.494, respectively) compared with DORIS with anti-dsDNA(+) or low C3/C4 (ORs 0.511; 95% CI 0.284–0.919 and 0.528; 95% CI 0.261–1.067). Similarly, LLDAS with normal serology showed greater risk-reduction in severe flares compared with LLDAS with active serology, especially low C3/C4. For renal flares, DORIS with serological activity carried ∼6-fold higher risk compared with combined clinical/serological remission (OR 5.94; 95% CI 1.26–28.04). Damage accrual was lowest in patients with sustained DORIS and ≥1 visit showing anti-dsDNA(-) (0.8%) or normal C3/C4 (1.8%).

Conclusion
Normal serology enhances the protection of DORIS and LLDAS against severe and renal SLE flares, possible reflecting deeper states of disease control. Patients with recently active disease who meet clinical targets but have persistently abnormal serology may require close monitoring to minimize flare-risk.
Avenciguat: a novel soluble guanylate cyclase activator that affects multiple cell types to inhibit IFN-1 signalling and fibrosis
Authors: Kaufman Julia , Nabozny Gerald , Tran-Manh Cuong , Liebel Christoph , Zhou Xiang , Daley Lee-Anne , Wang Chao-Ting , Ebenezer David L , Delic Denis , Wohnhaas Christian T , Trinh-Minh Thuong , Distler Jörg H W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and may have antifibrotic effects. However, in fibrotic tissues, oxidative stress and hypoxia can render sGC insensitive to sGC stimulators. sGC activators overcome this limitation. Here, we characterize the novel sGC activator, avenciguat, in preclinical models of SSc.

Methods
Human microvascular endothelial cells-dermal (HMVEC-d) cultured in hypoxic conditions and activated human platelet-rich plasma were incubated with varying doses of avenciguat, and the levels of TGF-β2 and human CXC chemokine family ligand 4 (CXCL4) were measured, respectively. Treatment with avenciguat was analysed in mice with bleomycin-induced dermal and pulmonary fibrosis.

Results
Avenciguat reduced hypoxia-induced synthesis of TGF-β2 by HMVEC-d and inhibited CXCL4 release by platelets. Moreover, avenciguat demonstrated antifibrotic effects on bleomycin-induced dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. RNA sequencing of affected skin uncovered a unique profile distinguishing avenciguat from riociguat. Avenciguat treatment resulted in deeper regulation of IFN-1 signalling and genes associated with immune response vs riociguat treatment.

Conclusion
In preclinical studies, avenciguat shows the potential to influence vascular, fibrotic and immune-related processes in murine models of SSc. These studies suggest that it may offer therapeutic benefit across multiple aspects of SSc pathophysiology and support the rationale for further investigation in a Phase II clinical trial (VITALISScE™; NCT05559580) of avenciguat in SSc.
Mind the Empathy Gap: An Analysis of Agency and Emotional Encounters in the Asylum Appeals of Former Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Minors
Authors: Allsopp Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The role of emotion in asylum processes is one that has gained attention in recent years. This article situates itself as a response to this emerging body of literature by shedding new light on how emotions shaped the asylum appeals of a group of former unaccompanied minors in England through the application of the new concept of “empathy gap.” Five socio-legal themes are used to structure the analysis: (i) age disputes, (ii) credibility, (iii) affective ties, (iv) right to voice, and (v) precarious legal status. It is the first article to explore in depth what happens during the asylum appeals process for former unaccompanied minors in Britain and the first to consider how questions of emotion affect their lived experiences of, and the process of, legal proceedings. The article has wider implications for how social processes and relations and informal processes, in particular emotions, influence formal legal proceedings leading to potential for unfair outcomes. The article finds that, to avoid empathy-enhanced reasoning becoming yet another variable leading to inconsistency in the judicial process, systematic training and monitoring are required. These findings carry implications far beyond the immediate context of UK asylum tribunals by offering empirically informed insights for theory and practice regarding the role of emotion in judicial proceedings, and therefore have enduring relevance.
Structure-specific variation in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances toxicity among genetically diverse Caenorhabditis elegans strains
Authors: Leuthner Tess C , Zhang Sharon , Kohrn Brendan F , Stapleton Heather M , Baugh L Ryan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are in 99% of humans and are associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. It is impossible to test the &gt;14,500 structurally diverse “forever chemicals” for safety, therefore improved assays to quantify structure–activity relationships are needed. Here, we determined the toxicity of a structurally distinct set of PFAS in 12 genetically diverse strains of the genetic model system Caenorhabditis elegans. Dose–response curves for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFNA, PFOA, PFPeA, and PFBA), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFOS and PFBS), perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (PFOSA and PFBSA), fluoroether carboxylic acids (GenX and PFMOAA), fluoroether sulfonic acid (PFEESA), and fluorotelomers (6:2 FTCA and 6:2 FTS) were determined in the C. elegans laboratory reference strain, N2, and 11 genetically diverse wild strains. Body length was quantified after 48 h of developmental exposure of L1 arrest-synchronized larvae to estimate effective concentration values (EC50). PFAS toxicity ranged by 3 orders of magnitude. Long-chain PFAS had greater toxicity than short-chain. Fluorosulfonamides were more toxic than carboxylic and sulfonic acids. Genetic variation resulted in variation in susceptibility among 12 strains to almost all chemicals. Different C. elegans strains varied in susceptibility to different PFAS, which suggests distinct molecular responses to specific structural attributes. Harnessing the natural genetic diversity of C. elegans and the structural complexity of PFAS is a powerful approach that can be used to investigate mechanisms of toxicity which may identify potentially susceptible individuals or populations and predict toxicity of untested PFAS to inform regulatory policies and improve human and environmental health.
MLKL deficiency exacerbates early injury in a mouse model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
Authors: Sanchez-Guerrero Giselle , Umbaugh David S , Smith Sawyer H , Akakpo Jephte Y , Jaeschke Hartmut , Ramachandran Anup 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States. It is established that the predominant mode of hepatocyte cell death after an APAP overdose is through necrosis, and it is now recognized that this occurs through regulated pathways involving RIP kinases. These kinases, along with the pseudo-kinase MLKL are central players in classical necroptotic cell death. Despite the skepticism regarding the role of necroptosis in APAP-induced liver injury, recent research demonstrating necroptosis-independent roles for MLKL led us to re-examine the role of this pseudo-kinase in APAP pathophysiology. Treatment of Mlkl-/-mice with a moderate (300 mg/kg) overdose of APAP resulted in an exacerbation of liver injury at 6- and 12-hours post-APAP as evidenced by elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase activities, and extensive necrosis accompanied by diminished glutathione levels. Interestingly, these differences between Mlkl-/- and wild type mice were negated at the 24-hour mark, previously scrutinized by others. At 6 and 12 hours post APAP, Mlkl-/- mice exhibited augmented translocation of AIF and Endonuclease G without affecting JNK activation, suggesting enhanced mitochondrial permeability transition in the absence of MLKL. Lack of MLKL also impacted autophagy, the unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with decreased levels of p62 and LC3B and increased expression of CHOP and GRP78 at 6 hours post APAP. In essence, our findings illuminate a noncanonical role for MLKL in the early phases of APAP-induced liver injury, warranting further exploration of its influence on APAP pathophysiology.
Congenital syphilis: epidemiological profile of Brazilian regions in the last decade
Authors: Casagrande Maria Eugênia Costa , da Silva Anderson Soares , Nunes Altacílio Aparecido 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Congenital syphilis (CS) is transmitted to the fetus through the transplacental route at any stage of gestation when the pregnant women are either untreated or inadequately treated. In this study, we aimed to analyze trends in epidemiological indicators of CS in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study utilizing data on CS across Brazilian regions from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021. Epidemiological indicators such as incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality rates were calculated. During the evaluated period, 192 055 CS cases were recorded in Brazil. Among pregnant women who underwent prenatal care, 58.5% were diagnosed during pregnancy, 33.9% at the time of birth, and 7.5% after birth. In 77.5% of the notifications, the partners were not treated. The average number of cases diagnosed during prenatal care was 5.6 times higher than those not reported. The Southeast region presented the highest incidence rate per 1000 live births, whereas the Midwest region had the lowest incidence. Despite an increase in rates across all regions and Brazil overall, there was no significant difference (P-value &gt; .05) between the means for the two evaluated periods. However, there was a significant decrease (P-value &lt; .05) in the case-fatality rate in the Northeast (1.9%–1.25%) and South (2.15%–0.92%) regions, as well as throughout Brazil (from 1.77% to 1.24%). The findings indicate that the incidence rates of CS continue to rise, suggesting that the disease remains a significant public health issue in Brazil. Effective preventive measures are urgently required.
Fluid restriction for term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ananthan Anitha , Balasubramanian Haribalakrishna , Nanavati Ruchi , Raghavendra Prashanth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fluid management in the first postnatal week among infants with perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important knowledge gap. We aimed to evaluate the effects of fluid restriction on short- and long-term outcomes in infants with HIE. Term infants with moderate or severe HIE on therapeutic hypothermia were randomized within 6 hours of age to receive either restricted intravenous maintenance fluids (45 ml/kg/day on day 1 to a maximum of 120 ml/kg/day on day 6) vs conventional fluid (60 ml/kg/day on day 1 to a maximum of 150 ml/kg/day on day 6). The primary outcome was a composite of mortality or neurological abnormality at hospital discharge. We studied neurodevelopmental disability at 18–24 months using Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition. A total of 210 infants were randomized. Three infants died during the hospital stay. The primary outcome of mortality or neurological abnormality at discharge was not significantly different between the restricted and the conventional fluid group [57% vs 53%, RR: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.37), P-value .58]. The incidence of cranial magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities was similar in the groups (65% vs 71%, P-value .30). There were no differences in the rates of severe neurodevelopmental disability at 18–24 months in the two groups [27% vs 28%, RR: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.50), P-value .88]. Adverse outcomes were similar in both groups. Fluid restriction in the first postnatal week of life did not improve short- and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in term infants with moderate or severe HIE.