bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Sun-as-a-Star Variability of Solar Balmer Lines
Authors: Criscuoli S. , Marchenko S. , DeLand M. , Choudhary D. , Kopp G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Precise, high-cadence, long-term records of stellar spectral variability at different temporal scales lead to better understanding of a wide variety of phenomena including stellar atmospheres and dynamos, convective motions, and rotational periods. Here, we investigate the variability of solar Balmer lines (Hα, β, γ, δ) observed by space-borne radiometers (OSIRIS, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2), combining these precise, long-term observations with high-resolution data from the ground-based NSO/ISS spectrograph. We relate the detected variability to the appearance of magnetic features on the solar disk. We find that on solar-rotational timescales (about 1 month), the Balmer line activity indices (defined as line-core to line-wing ratios) closely follow variations in the total solar irradiance (which is predominantly photospheric), thus frequently (specifically, during passages of sunspot groups) deviating from behavior of activity indices that track chromospheric activity levels. On longer timescales, the correlation with chromospheric indices increases, with periods of low correlation or even anticorrelation found at intermediate timescales. Comparison of these observations with estimates from semiempirical irradiance reconstructions helps quantify the contributions of different magnetic and quiet features. We conclude that both the lower sensitivity to network and in part the higher sensitivity to filaments and prominences, may result in complex, time-dependent relationships between Balmer and other chromospheric indices observed for the Sun and solar-like stars. The fact that core and wings contribute in a similar manner to the variability, and current knowledge of Balmer-lines formation in stellar atmospheres, supports the notion that Balmer line core-to-wing ratio indices behave more like photospheric rather than chromospheric indices.
Formation of Complex Organic Molecules on Interstellar CO Ices? Insights from Computational Chemistry Simulations
Authors: Ferrero Stefano , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Ugliengo Piero , Sodupe Mariona , Rimola Albert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The carbon (3P) atom is a reactive species that, according to laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations, condensates with interstellar ice components. This fact is of uttermost importance for the chemistry in the interstellar medium (ISM) because the condensation reaction is barrierless, and the subsequent species formed are still reactive given their open-shell character. Carbon condensation on CO-rich ices forms the C=C=O (3Σ−) species, which can be easily hydrogenated twice to form ketene (H2CCO). Ketene is very reactive in terrestrial conditions, usually found as an intermediate that is difficult to isolate in chemical synthesis laboratories. These characteristics suggest that ketene can be a good candidate to form interstellar complex organic molecules via a two-step process, i.e., its activation followed by a radical–radical coupling. In this work, reactions between ketene and atomic H and the OH and NH2 radicals on a CO-rich ice model have been explored by means of quantum chemical calculations complemented by kinetic calculations to evaluate if they are favorable in the ISM. Results indicate that the addition of H to ketene (helped by tunneling) to form the acetyl radical (CH3CO) is the most preferred path as the reactions with OH and NH2 possess activation energies (≥9 kJ mol−1) hard to surmount in the ISM conditions unless external processes provide energy to the system. Thus, acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and, probably, ethanol (CH3CH2OH) formation via further hydrogenations, are the possible unique operating synthetic routes. Moreover, from the computed, relatively large binding energies of OH and NH2 on CO ice, slow diffusion is expected, hampering possible radical–radical couplings with CH3CO. The astrophysical implications of these findings are discussed considering the incoming James Webb Space Telescope observations.
Flares, Warps, Truncations, and Satellite: The Ultra-thin Galaxy UGC 11859
Authors: Ossa-Fuentes Luis , Borlaff Alejandro S. , Beckman John E. , Marcum Pamela M. , Fanelli Michael N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The structure of the outskirts of galaxies provides valuable information about their past and evolution. Due to their projected orientation, edge-on isolated galaxies effectively serve as test labs in which to study the three-dimensional structures of galaxies, including warps and flares, and to explore the possible sources of such distortions. We analyzed the structure of the apparently isolated edge-on ultra-thin galaxy UGC 11859 to look for the presence of distortions. The deep optical imaging observations (

μ

lim

=
30.6

and 30.0

mag

arcsec

−
2

in the g- and r-bands, respectively) we acquired with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias are used to derive the radial and vertical surface brightness profiles and g − r color radial profile. We find that UGC 11859’s disk displays a significant gravitational distortion. A warp is clearly detected on one side of the disk, and the galactic plane on both sides of the center shows increasing scale height with an increasing galactocentric radius, indicating the presence of a flare in the stellar distribution. The surface brightness profile of the disk shows a sharp break at 24 kpc galactocentric radius, and a steep decline to larger radii, an “edge-on truncation,” which we associate with the presence of the flare. The present study is the first observational support for a connection between truncations and flares. Just beyond the warped side of the disk, a faint galaxy is observed within a small angular distance, identified as a potential interacting companion. Based on ultradeep g and r photometry we estimate that if the potential companion is at the same distance as UGC 11859, the stellar mass of the satellite galaxy is log10(M
⊙) =

6.33

−
0.02

+
0.02

.
Richard Siddoway Bagnall (1884-1962), Entomologist
Authors: Berridge Louise 
Published: July 2023

This biography describes the life and professional work of entomologist and industrialist Richard Siddoway Bagnall (1884-1962). This work significantly expands on the biographical notes of Laurence Mound in his paper “A review of R. S. Bagnall’s Thysanoptera Collections”.
Bagnall’s life and entomological career is described in detail, including a clarification of his birth date. This biography was written to complement the recent digitisation of Bagnall’s Thysanoptera slides at The Natural History Museum, London, and it is hoped that this biography will be of benefit to future workers upon his material. In addition to Thysanoptera, Bagnall also worked on Collembola, Coleoptera, Myriapoda and other groups.
Nueva población de pico mediano (Dendrocoptes medius) en el Pirineo aragonés
Authors: Lorente Luis , Palacio Luis 
Published: July 2023

El pico mediano fue citado en el Pirineo aragonés por primera vez en 2019, y se confirmó la reproducción de una pareja en 2021. En primavera de 2022, y adicionalmente en el otoño e invierno posteriores, se realizaron muestreos específicos en bosques con robles en la comarca de Ribagorza. Se detectaron 11 individuos territoriales en bosques dominados por el roble cerrioide Quercus cerrioides, repartidos en un tramo superior del valle del río Ésera. Se desconoce el origen de esta población, pero se podría relacionar por la existencia de una población relicta que hubiera pasado desapercibida, aunque parece más probable que se originara por la llegada de individuos de alguna población fuente. La más cercana se encuentra en la vertiente norte del Pirineo, a unos 30 km, separada por una barrera montañosa de más de 2.300 m, mientras que la más cercana conocida en la vertiente sur se sitúa en el Pirineo navarro, a más de 100 km. El pico mediano se caracteriza por ser una especie sedentaria, con movimientos dispersivos muy limitados. El establecimiento de esta nueva población, aparentemente aislada, podría sugerir que la especie podría tener una mayor capacidad dispersiva y colonizadora de la que se le atribuye.
Soluble Enolase 1 of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus Stimulates Human and Mouse B Cells and Monocytes
Authors: Langenhorst Daniela , Fürst Anna-Lisa , Alberter Karl , Vilhena Cláudia , Dasari Prasad , Daud Muhammad , Heilig Linda , Luther Christian H , Dittrich Marcus , Reiher Nadine , Wich Melissa , Elmowafy Mohammed , Jacobsen Ilse D , Jungnickel Berit , Zipfel Peter F , Beyersdorf Niklas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Because of the growing numbers of immunocompromised patients, the incidence of life-threatening fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus is increasing. We have recently identified enolase 1 (Eno1) from A. fumigatus as an immune evasion protein. Eno1 is a fungal moonlighting protein that mediates adhesion and invasion of human cells and also immune evasion through complement inactivation. We now show that soluble Eno1 has immunostimulatory activity. We observed that Eno1 from both C. albicans and A. fumigatus directly binds to the surface of lymphocytes, preferentially human and mouse B cells. Functionally, Eno1 upregulated CD86 expression on B cells and induced proliferation. Although the receptor for fungal Eno1 on B lymphocytes is still unknown, the comparison of B cells from wild-type and MyD88-deficient mice showed that B cell activation by Eno1 required MyD88 signaling. With respect to infection biology, we noted that mouse B cells stimulated by Eno1 secreted IgM and IgG2b. These Igs bound C. albicans hyphae in vitro, suggesting that Eno1-induced Ab secretion might contribute to protection from invasive fungal disease in vivo. Eno1 also triggered the release of proinflammatory cytokines from monocytes, particularly IL-6, which is a potent activator of B cells. Together, our data shed new light on the role of secreted Eno1 in infections with C. albicans and A. fumigatus. Eno1 secretion by these pathogenic microbes appears to be a double-edged sword by supporting fungal pathogenicity while triggering (antifungal) immunity.
Comparison of Various Clinical Scoring Systems in Assessing the Probability of Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Adults in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Gogulakrishnan Ramalingam , Ramakrishnan Gayathri Aur 
Published: July 2023

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare various clinical scoring systems used in detecting pulmonary embolism (PE) in adults in Tertiary Care Hospital in South India.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective study was done in Apollo Hospital, Greams Road, Chennai, from January 2016 to December 2017. Sixty-five patients with suspected PE were included in the study. Details such as age, sex, pulse rate, and blood pressure were collected. Probability of PE was calculated with all four clinical scoring systems (Wells score, simplified Wells score, revised Geneva score, and simplified revised Geneva score) and compared with computed tomography–pulmonary angiography which was considered the gold standard.

Results:
This study included 65 patients with suspected PE. Among 65 patients, 39 (60%) were male and 26 (40%) were female. PE was present in 23 (35.4%) patients, of which 14 (60.9%) were male and 9 (39.1%) were female, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.916). Wells score had a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 67%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 59%, and negative predictive value of 90%. Simplified Wells score had a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 50%, PPV of 50%, and negative predictive value of 91%. The revised Geneva score had a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 52%, PPV of 44%, and negative predictive value of 76%. Simplified revised Geneva score had a sensitivity of 65%, specificity of 57%, PPV of 45%, and negative predictive value of 75%.

Conclusion:
From this study, we were able to infer that the simplified Wells score had high sensitivity and Wells score had high specificity in the diagnosis of PE. Simplified revised Geneva score had the least negative predictive value. It is very important to have a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of PE and the clinical predictability scores are valuable tools in this regard.
Factors Associated with Poor Ovarian Reserve in Young Infertile Women: A Hospital-based Cohort Study
Authors: Hazarika Sanghamitra , Dasari Paapa , Chanu Sairem Mangolnganbi , Basu Sharbari 
Published: July 2023

Background:
In practice, we encounter many young infertile women with poor ovarian reserve though ovarian reserve starts to decline after 35 years of age. One of the established risk factors for poor ovarian reserve in young women is endometriosis. There are other conditions that are reported to be associated which require further research.

Aims:
We aimed to study the prevalence of poor ovarian reserve and to find out the associated factors in women who are <35 years of age.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted in a tertiary care setting.

Materials and Methods:
Women aged more than 21 years and <35 years without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) or ovarian dysgenesis with normal male factor were included after ethical approval. The sample size was 166 and serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was estimated by immunoenzymatic assay and expressed in ng/ml. AMH ≤0.99 ng/ml was considered poor ovarian reserve. Apart from established risk factors, the proposed risk factors studied were age 31–35 years, presence of medical disorders, gynaecological pathology and history of repeated ovulation induction (OI).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analysed by SPSS version 25. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the variables between normal ovarian reserve and poor ovarian reserve. Risk estimation was done by logistic regression and was expressed in odds ratio (OR).

Results:
Poor ovarian reserve was diagnosed in 40% of this cohort, and 62% were between 31 and 35 years. After adjusting for age >30 years, women with endometrioma, hypothyroidism and prior history of ≥3 cycles of OI were found to be having poor ovarian reserve (OR was 5.7, 2.5 and 2.3, respectively).

Conclusion:
Poor ovarian reserve was present in 40% of young women, and significantly associated factors were hypothyroidism and history of repeated multiple OI. This could be a confounder for other underlying mechanisms driving early exhaustion of ovarian reserve in certain young women. Hence, along with established risk factors, these women should undergo AMH testing irrespective of age.
Improving Fertility Treatment Documentation – A Survey
Authors: Koshy Aby Kottal 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Many couples do not have adequate documentation following fertility treatments.

Aims:
To conduct a survey to understand the information needs of assisted reproductive technology physicians when assessing the reasons affecting treatment outcomes after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF).

Settings and Design:
Online survey.

Materials and Methods:
Anonymous online survey of 14 parameters related to IUI treatment and 21 parameters related to IVF treatment, followed by recommendation of selected parameters for routine documentation.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Frequency distribution calculation of responses.

Results:
For IUI, total motile sperm count and post-wash sperm count and motility and for IVF, the quality and number of gametes, embryo number and morphology were the most important parameters.

Conclusion:
The study creates recommendations for the minimum information desirable in the fertility treatment documentation given to the couple undergoing treatment.
Impact of Interleukin-10 Promoter Region Polymorphisms on Recurrent Miscarriage: A Case–Control Approach
Authors: Sudhir Neha , Kaur Mandeep , Singh Sukhjashanpreet , Beri Archana , Kaur Tajinder , Kaur Anupam 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Recurrent miscarriage (RM), defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages prior to the 20th week of gestation is characterised by multifactorial aetiology. The prevalence of RM varies from 0.8% to 13.5% amongst women of reproductive age. The aetiological basis of RM has been traced to chromosomal, anatomic, hormonal and immunologic factors while half of the cases remain idiopathic.

Aims:
This study aimed to investigate the association of interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms with RM amongst the Indian population.

Settings and Design:
The present study included a total of 414 individuals including RM women (n = 199) with two or more pregnancy losses and healthy women (n = 215) without any previous history of pregnancy loss were taken as the control group.

Materials and Methods:
Demographic features and reproductive history of women with RM and healthy women were taken. Genotype analysis of IL-10 polymorphisms rs1800872 and rs1800896 was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplification mutation refractory system PCR, respectively.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Student's t-test was used to compare the demographic features and reproductive history amongst both groups. Pearson's Chi-square was used to calculate the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, allelic and genotypic frequencies. All the statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS (version 21, IBM SPSS, NY, USA).

Results:
Our results suggested that the genotypic and allelic frequency of rs1800872 polymorphism did not differ significantly between RM cases and control women (P = 0.07 and P = 0.23, respectively). The GG genotype (P = 0.007) and G allele (P = 0.003) of rs1800896 were significantly associated with an increased risk of RM. A statistically significant difference was also found for the distribution of genetic models (dominant and co-dominant model) between both groups for rs1800896. However, haplotype analysis revealed that none of the haplotypes provides a risk for the progression of RM.

Conclusion:
The study is the first of its kind from our region and provides baseline data on the genetics of RM.
Variation in Clinical Presentation, Metabolic Profile, Hormonal Parameters and Inflammatory Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Morphology Appearance
Authors: Jena Sweekruti , Mishra Ipsita , Baliarsinha Anoj Kumar , Jena Debarchan , Debata Madhumita 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder with a spectrum of presentation. Studies have reported considerably different rates in terms of the incidence of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in patients with PCOS with inconsistent results regarding the effects of PCOM in them.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the differences in clinical presentation, metabolic profile, hormonal parameters and inflammatory markers in PCOS women with and without PCOM on ultrasonography (USG).

Settings and Design:
A total of 70 PCOS women were recruited. To analyse the differences between various parameters, the patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of PCOM on USG of the pelvis as per the Rotterdam criteria.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 37 patients had PCOM as per the diagnostic criteria for PCOS (Group 1), while 33 patients did not have PCOM on USG and were designated as Group 2. All participants underwent a detailed clinical evaluation and biochemical investigations, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum adiponectin, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, total testosterone and serum anti-Mullerian hormone. The homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated using standard equations.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The mean and Standard deviation were computed for all continuous variables. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for categorical variables. Comparisons of the mean scores between the study groups were assessed using the Unpaired Student's t-test. The mean score of the subgroups was also compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. P < 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical inferences.

Results:
The mean LDL and mean triglyceride were higher in Group 2, which was statistically significant (P = 0.004 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively). The mean hs-CRP was found to be higher in Group 2, which was statistically significant (P = 0.005). The mean AMH was higher in Group 1, which was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Group 1 had higher adiponectin levels, which was statistically significant (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
The above findings suggest that patients without diagnostic PCO morphology have a worse metabolic profile compared to those with PCO morphology on USG. Obese patients without PCO morphology probably have a higher cardiovascular risk compared to obese patients with PCO morphology.
Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Nisin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (Augmentin) and Chlorhexidine on E. Faecalis as an Intracanal Irrigant: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Khan Mariyam , Samant Praveen S. , Chauhan Raju , Khan Raazia , Siddiqui Shazia , Sachan Saraswati 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The present study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Nisin, and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (Augmentin) as an intracanal irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (EF).

Materials and Methods:
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for EF against Nisin and Augmentin was determined by microbroth dilution technique. Time kill cycle (TKC) analysis was done for 0 MIC, ½ MIC, 1 MIC, and 2 MIC at 0 hour, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes. At the end of each time period, dilutions were pipetted and swabs of agar plates were done. Incubation of agar plates was done at 37C for 24 hours. Colonies formed were counted.

Results:
The time kill curve analysis of EF for CHX, Nisin, and Augmentin at different concentrations and time periods showed a gradual decline in mean bacterial count between 0 and 45 minutes for CHX; this decline increases with increase in concentrations and time. Whereas in group Nisin, not much decline in bacterial count is noted for ½ MIC concentrations but a signification reduction of P < 0.001 after exposure to Nisin at 1 MIC ant 2 MIC concentrations. Group Augmentin showed not much reduction in bacterial count with increase in concentration and time.

Conclusion:
From this study, Nisin is found to be a promising agent in eliminating EF in comparison to other irrigants tested. However, the systemic effect of this irrigant, its biocompatibility, allergic potential, and bacterial resistance needs further investigation.