bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building representations of the social world: Children extract patterns from social choices to reason about multi‐group hierarchies
Authors: Heck Isobel A. , Kushnir Tamar , Kinzler Katherine D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow do children learn about the structure of the social world? We tested whether children would extract patterns from an agent's social choices to make inferences about multiple groups’ relative social standing. In Experiment 1, 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children (N = 36; tested in Central New York) saw an agent and three groups (Group‐A, Group‐B, and Group‐C) and observed the agent choose between pairs of individuals from different groups. Across pairwise selections, a pattern emerged: The agent chose individuals from Group‐A > Group‐B > Group‐C. Children tracked the agent's choices to predict that Group‐A was “most‐preferred” and the “leader” and that Group‐C was “least‐preferred” and the “helper.” In Experiments 2 and 3, we examined children's reasoning about a more complex pattern involving four groups and tested a wider age range. In Experiment 2, 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children (N = 98; tested in Central New York) used the agent's pattern of pairwise choices to infer that the agent liked Group‐A > Group‐B > Group‐C > Group‐D and to make predictions about which groups were likely to be “leaders” and “helpers.” In Experiment 3, we found evidence for social specificity in children's reasoning: 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children (N = 96; from 26 US States) made inferences about groups’ relative social but not physical power from the agent's pattern of affiliative choices across the four groups. These findings showcase a mechanism through which children may learn about societal‐level hierarchies through the patterns they observe over time in people's group‐based social choices.Research Highlights
Children in our sample extracted patterns from an agent's positive social choices between multiple groups to reason about groups’ relative social standing.
Children used the pattern of an agent's positive social choices to guide their reasoning about which groups were likely to be “leaders” and “helpers” in a fictional town.
The pattern that emerged in an agent's choices of friends shaped children's thinking about groups’ relative social but not physical power.
Children tracked social choices to reason about group‐based hierarchies at the individual level (which groups an agent prefers) and societal level (which groups are privileged).
Civil melancholia: Yemenite Jews’ responses to the kidnapping of their children
Authors: Gamliel Tova , Hazan Haim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring Yemenite Jews’ stay in Israeli transit camps during 1948–1950, many of their children disappeared in the so‐called “Yemenite Children Affair,” undermining the immigrants’ faith in the redemptive ethos of Zionism. To better understand this collective trauma, we return to the original Freudian conceptualization of melancholia as “failed mourning,” locating it within the ethnographic context of the Yemenite Children Affair and integrating its private/individual and public/collective aspects. Moreover, we provide a novel historical reading that integrates the individual loss of children and the collective lack of civic recognition. We use the term “civil melancholia” to reflect on the lingering, hurtful group experience of being overlooked (as refugees and parents) and the continuing collective predicament as “second‐rate citizens.” By conceptualizing this civil melancholia and its cultural nuances, the analysis enhances the discussion of cultural traumas and their intergenerational transmission among contemporary ethnic immigrant groups.
The link between reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and transient global amnesia
Authors: Chandra Rahul , Saini Harneel Singh , Palmer Kaitlyn N. , Cerejo Russell 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and transient global amnesia (TGA) are acute and self‐limiting intra‐cerebral conditions. Although previously studied as independent phenomena, there are increasing reports of co‐occurrence of these two pathologies. We report a 55‐year‐old male who presented to the hospital with recurrent thunderclap headaches over the course of 1 week with sudden onset of anterograde memory loss. His medications included a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and intermittent use of pseudoephedrine. On examination he was amnestic to recent events and notably perseverating. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain without contrast showed a small, punctate focus of restricted diffusion in the left hippocampus. He was diagnosed with TGA based on his clinical presentation. His headaches and amnesia resolved over the next 12 h throughout the course of his stay with acetaminophen and oral verapamil and he was discharged. Repeat computed tomography angiogram at 2 weeks revealed diffuse and segmental narrowing of the anterior and posterior intracranial circulation, which resolved on follow‐up imaging at 3 months, confirming RCVS. The acute and reversible nature of these conditions and increasing reports of co‐occurrence suggests a common pathophysiologic link. We review the literature highlighting similar cases and the presumed pathophysiology.
Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in Chinese hypertension patients
Authors: Bao Qiligeer , Li Yun , Ma Shouyuan , Qiu Jiaojiao , Sun Jin , Su Yongkang , Zhang Anhang , Cai Shuang , Cheng Bokai , Li Man , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuxia , Zhu Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the most common target organ damage in patients with hypertension, is closely related to excessive visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation in the body. The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTHW) phenotype can act as a surrogate marker of excessive VAT. However, the relationship between the HTHW phenotype and LVH in patients with hypertension remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether the HTHW phenotype is associated with LVH, using echocardiography in a cross‐sectional study involving 4470 middle‐aged and older Chinese patients with hypertension. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with the HTHW phenotype were 1.52‐fold more likely to experience LVH than those with normal triglyceride levels and normal waist circumference. This association was independent of age, sex, and other potentially confounding factors. In the stratified analysis, a stronger correlation was found among women, people of at least 70 years of age, and people with hyperuricemia. These results suggest that distinguishing the HTHW phenotype in patients with hypertension could serve as a simple and effective screening strategy for identifying people with a higher risk of developing LVH.
Development and application of a sensitive droplet digital PCR‐based method to detect tilapia parvovirus
Authors: Zhao Haikuo , Zhou Yong , Fan Yuding , Jiang Nan , Meng Yan , Li Yiqun , Xue Mingyang , Xu Chen , Guo Weiliang , Liu Wenzhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTilapia parvovirus (TiPV) causes severe mortality rates in cultured tilapia, resulting in substantial losses to the fish industry. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a sensitive, accurate, and absolute quantitation method, plus it does not require a standard curve. Herein we report the development and application of a sensitive ddPCR‐based method to rapidly detect and quantify TiPV. Optimal annealing temperature was determined to be 59.3°C, and optimal primer and probe concentrations were 900 nmol/L and 250 nmol/L, respectively. Our ddPCR method was highly specific to TiPV and showed no cross‐reactivity with other viruses. Further, the detection limit of ddPCR was 0.07 copies/μl, being lower than that of real‐time PCR (qPCR, 4.63 copies/μl). We also investigated the ability of ddPCR to detect TiPV in 50 samples and compared the outcome with qPCR data in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. The results showed that the positive detection rate of ddPCR (32%) was higher than that of qPCR (18%). To conclude, our ddPCR method was effective at detecting TiPV in samples with low viral loads. We believe that its application can facilitate the surveillance of sources and transmission routes of TiPV.
Influence of biosafety protocols adopted for the prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2 in slaughterhouses and a positive effect on the reduction of Staphylococcus aureus presence in beef cuts
Authors: Costa Ana K. L. , Castro Vinicius S. , Cunha‐Neto Adelino , Figueiredo Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a food quality indicator microorganism commonly found in human mucous membranes. With the emergence of the virus related to SARS‐CoV‐2, several prevention protocols were established. Therefore, this study assessed whether the adoption of SARS‐CoV‐2 protocols influenced the presence of S. aureus in beef samples. We analyzed the S. aureus results of 3654 beef samples between April and September 2019 and 2020. Mean percentages of the population of S. aureus were different between years (2.63%—2019; 1.13%—2020), revealing that after the adoption of the SARS‐CoV‐2 protocols there was a decrease in the presence of S. aureus. Concomitantly, a significant difference was also presented in the annual means of S. aureus load counts (2.30 log of CFU/g in 2019, and 1.60 log of CFU/g in 2020), of the sets of beef samples analyzed. Therefore, we suggest that the measures used to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 can continue to be applied even after the pandemic, especially in the stages that involve beef handling in slaughterhouses.
Deferoxamine mesylate enhances mandibular advancement‐induced condylar osteogenesis by promoting H‐type angiogenesis
Authors: Hu Yun , Li Hegang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of functional orthopaedic treatment for mandibular deficiency relies on mandibular advancement (MA)‐induced condylar new bone formation. However, this is not easy to achieve, especially in non‐growing patients. Therefore, how to obtain reliable MA‐induced condylar osteogenesis is a subject much worthy of study.ObjectiveTo investigate whether deferoxamine mesylate (DFM) enhances MA‐induced condylar osteogenesis in middle‐aged mice.MethodsForty 30‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control (Ctrl), DFM, MA + Ctrl and MA + DFM groups. After a 4‐week experimental period, femurs, tibias and condyles were collected for morphological, micro‐computed tomography and histological evaluation.ResultsFor long bones, DFM reversed osteoporosis in middle‐aged mice by promoting H‐type angiogenesis. For mandibular condyles, MA promoted condylar osteogenesis in middle‐aged mice, thereby allowing the mandible to achieve a stable protruding position. In addition, DFM enhanced the volume and quality of MA‐induced condylar new bone formation. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that DFM enhanced MA‐induced condylar subchondral ossification. Mechanistically, it was confirmed that DFM increased the number of H‐type vessels and their coupled Osterix+ osteoprogenitors by upregulating the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α signalling pathway, thereby enhancing MA‐induced condylar osteogenesis.ConclusionApplying DFM to enhance MA‐induced condylar osteogenesis through H‐type angiogenesis is expected to be an effective strategy to achieve favourable functional orthopaedic treatment effectiveness in non‐growing patients.
Obesity‐induced changes in gene expression in feline adipose and skeletal muscle tissue
Authors: Stenberg Kathrine , Novotny Guy W. , Lutz Thomas A. , Mandrup‐Poulsen Thomas , Bjørnvad Charlotte Reinhard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndoor‐confined cats are prone to developing obesity due to a sedentary life and an energy intake exceeding energy requirements. As in humans, feline obesity decreases insulin sensitivity and increases the risk of developing feline diabetes mellitus, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are currently poorly understood. Human obesity‐related metabolic alterations seem to relate to changes in the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, insulin action and inflammation. The objective of the current study was to investigate changes in the expression of genes relating to obesity, glucose metabolism and inflammation in cats with non‐experimentally induced obesity. Biopsies from the sartorius muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained from 73 healthy, neutered, indoor‐confined domestic shorthaired cats ranging from lean to obese. Quantification of obesity‐related gene expression levels relative to glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase was performed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A negative association between obesity and adiponectin expression was observed in the adipose tissue (mean ± SD; normal weight, 27.30 × 10−3 ± 77.14 × 10−3; overweight, 2.89 × 10−3 ± 0.38 × 10−3 and obese, 2.93 × 10−3 ± 4.20 × 10−3, p < 0.05). In muscle, the expression of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor‐γ2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 was increased in the obese compared to the normal‐weight cats, and resistin was increased in the normal‐weight compared to the overweight cats. There were no detectable obesity‐related changes in the messenger RNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, a possible obesity‐related low‐grade inflammation caused by increased expression of key proinflammatory regulators was not observed. This could imply that the development of feline obesity and ensuing insulin resistance may not be based on tissue‐derived inflammation, but caused by several determining factors, many of which still need further investigation.
Diurnal changes and topographical distribution of ocular surface epithelial dendritic cells in humans, and repeatability of density and morphology assessment
Authors: Tajbakhsh Zahra , Jalbert Isabelle , Stapleton Fiona , Briggs Nancy , Golebiowski Blanka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeDendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in ocular surface defence. DC can be visualised in vivo by confocal microscopy but have not yet been fully characterised in humans. This study investigated the diurnal variation, topographical distribution and repeatability of DC density and morphology measurements.MethodsIn vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) was conducted on 20 healthy participants (mean age 32.7 ± 6.4 years, 50% female) at baseline and repeated after 30 minutes, 2, 6 and 24 h. Images were captured at the corneal centre, inferior whorl, corneal periphery, limbus and bulbar conjunctiva. DC were counted manually, and their morphology was assessed for cell body size, presence of dendrites, and presence of long and thick dendrites. Mixed‐model analysis, non‐parametric analyses, Bland and Altman plots, coefficient of repeatability (CoR) and kappa were used.ResultsThere were no significant changes in DC density (p ≥ 0.74) or morphology (p > 0.07) at any location over the 24‐h period. The highest DC density was observed at the corneal limbus followed by the peripheral cornea (p < 0.001), with the lowest density at the corneal centre, inferior whorl and bulbar conjunctiva. Most DC at the corneal periphery, limbus and bulbar conjunctiva had larger cell bodies compared with the corneal centre (p ≤ 0.01), and the presence of long dendrites was observed mostly at non‐central locations. Day‐to‐day CoR for DC density ranged from ±28.1 cells/mm2 at the corneal centre to ±56.4 cells/mm2 at the limbus. Day‐to‐day agreement of DC morphology determined by kappa ranged from 0.5 to 0.95 for cell body size, 0.60 to 0.95 for presence of dendrites, and 0.55 to 0.80 for the presence of long dendrites at various locations.ConclusionsNo diurnal changes are apparent in corneal or conjunctival DC. Substantial topographical differences exist in DC density and morphology. IVCM provides good repeatability of DC density and acceptable agreement of DC morphology.
Complications and treatment errors in nonsurgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Tinto Manuel , Orsolini Chiara , Izzetti Rossana , Tomasi Cristiano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNonsurgical periodontal therapy can be subject to iatrogenesis, which includes all the complications directly or indirectly related to a treatment. These complications include both operator‐dependent harms and errors and the consequences and adverse effects of the therapeutic procedures. The complications arising following nonsurgical periodontal treatment can be categorized as intraoperative and postoperative and can affect both soft and hard tissues at an intra‐oral and extraoral level. Soft‐tissues damage or damage to teeth and restorations can occur while performing the procedure. In the majority of cases, the risk of bleeding associated with nonsurgical therapy is reported to be low and easily controlled by means of local hemostatic measures, even in medicated subjects. Cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema is not a frequent extraoral intraoperative complication, occurring during the use of air polishing. Moreover, side effects such as pain, fever, and dentine hypersensitivity are frequently reported as a consequence of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and can have a major impact on a patient's perception of the treatment provided. The level of intraoperative pain could be influenced by the types of instruments employed, the characteristics of tips, and the individual level of tolerance of the patient. Unexpected damage to teeth or restorations can also occur as a consequence of procedural errors.
Adenosine deaminase from the cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ye Qin , Yan Wang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of adenosine deaminase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for tuberculous meningitis (TBM), and the potential influence of patients' age groups and cutoffs of measured adenosine deaminase.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of relevant studies retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated with a random‐effect model.ResultsOverall, 43 studies with 1653 patients with TBM and 3417 controls without were included. Pooled results showed that adenosine deaminase in CSF is associated with satisfactory diagnostic efficacy for TBM, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82–0.90), specificity of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.91), positive likelihood ratio of 7.70 (95% CI: 6.16–9.63), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.15 (95% CI: 0.12–0.20). The pooled receiver operating characteristic (AUC) was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91–0.96), suggesting good performance. Subgroup analyses showed good diagnostic efficacies of adenosine deaminase in CSF for both adults (AUC 0.95) and children (AUC 0.96) with TBM. AUCs indicating the diagnostic accuracies of adenosine deaminase in CSF for TBM were 0.93 for studies with cutoffs <10 U/L and and 0.94 for a cutoff =10 U/L, but only 0.90 for studies with cutoffs >10 U/L.ConclusionsMeasuring adenosine deaminase of CSF shows satisfactory diagnostic efficacy for TBM in children and adults, particularly if using a cutoff ≤10 U/L.
Effect of systemic hydrocortisone in ventilated preterm infants on parent-reported behavioural outcomes at 2 years’ corrected age: follow-up of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Halbmeijer Nienke Marjolein , Onland Wes , Cools Filip , Swarte Renate M , van der Heide-Jalving Marja , Dijk Peter , Mulder-de Tollenaer Susanne , Tan Ratna N G B , Mohns Thilo , Bruneel Els , van Heijst Arno F J , Kramer Boris , Debeer Anne , van Weissenbruch Mirjam M , Marechal Yoann , Blom Henry , Plaskie Katleen , Offringa Martin , van Wassenaer-Leemhuis Aleid G , van Kaam Anton H , Aarnoudse-Moens Cornelieke S H 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo report the parent-reported behavioural outcomes of infants included in the Systemic Hydrocortisone To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in preterm infants study at 2 years’ corrected age (CA).DesignRandomised placebo-controlled trial.SettingDutch and Belgian neonatal intensive care units.PatientsInfants born <30 weeks’ gestation and/or birth weight <1250 g, and ventilator dependent in the second week of life.InterventionInfants were randomly assigned to a 22-day course of systemic hydrocortisone (cumulative dose 72.5 mg/kg; n=182) or placebo (n=190).Main outcome measuresParent-reported behavioural outcomes at 2 years’ CA assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1½−5).ResultsParents completed the CBCL of 183 (70% (183/262)) infants (hydrocortisone group, n=96; placebo group, n=87). Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. Infants with critically elevated T-scores (>55) were found in 22.9%, 19.1% and 29.4% of infants for total, internalising and externalising problems, respectively; these scores were not significantly different between groups (mean difference −1.52 (95% CI −4.00 to 0.96), −2.40 (95% CI −4.99 to 0.20) and −0.81 (95% CI −3.40 to 1.77), respectively). In the subscales, we found a significantly lower T-score for anxiety problems in the hydrocortisone group (mean difference −1.26, 95% CI −2.41 to –0.12).ConclusionThis study found high rates of behaviour problems at 2 years’ CA following very preterm birth, but these problems were not associated with hydrocortisone treatment initiated between 7 and 14 days after birth in ventilated preterm infants.Trial registration numberNTR2768; EudraCT 2010-023777-19.
Birth anthropometry among three Asian racial groups in Singapore: proposed new growth charts
Authors: Sonoko Sensaki , Mao Yinan , Biswas Agnihotri , Amutha Chinnadurai , Amin Zubair , Cook Alex R , Lee Jiun 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveWe analysed birth anthropometry of babies of Chinese, Malay and Indian ancestry living in Singapore with an aim to develop gestational age (GA) and gender-specific birth anthropometry charts and compare these with the widely used Fenton charts.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingDepartment of Neonatology, National University Hospital, Singapore.PopulationWe report data from 52 220 infants, born between 1991–1997 and 2010–2017 in Singapore.MethodsAnthropometry charts were built using smoothened centile curves and compared with Fenton’s using binomial test. Birth weight (BW), crown-heel length and head circumference (HC) were each modelled with maternal exposures using general additive model.Main outcome measuresBW, crown-heel length and HC.ResultsThere were 22 248 Chinese (43%), 16 006 Malay (31%) and 8543 Indian (16%) babies. Mean BW was 3103 g (95% CI 3096 to 3109), 3075 g (95% CI 3067 to 3083) and 3052 g (95% CI 3041 to 3062) for Chinese, Malays and Indians, respectively. When exposed to a uniform socioeconomic environment, intrauterine growth and birth anthropometry of studied races were almost identical. From our GA-specific anthropometric charts until about late prematurity, Asian growth curves mirrored that of Fenton’s; thereafter, Asian babies showed a reduction in growth velocity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Asian babies living in relatively uniform socioeconomic strata exhibit similar growth patterns. There is a slowing of growth among Asian babies towards term, prompting review of existing birth anthropometry charts. The proposed charts will increase accuracy of identification of true fetal growth restriction as well as true postnatal growth failure in preterm infants when applied to the appropriate population.