bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected differences in wait times for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease for individuals dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid in the U.S due to higher disease burden and obstacles to access
Authors: Mattke Soeren , Chu Samantha , Jun Hankyung , Hanson Mark 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAs disease‐modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are becoming available in the US, concerns have been raised that an unprepared healthcare system will be unable to cope with the expected influx of patients. Individuals dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid might be disproportionately affected by wait times for three reasons. They have higher burden of disease; many practices do not accept Medicaid at all and those who do might limit the number of Medicaid patients because of lower payment rates under the so‐called lesser‐of policy. States with that policy may elect to pay only up to the Medicaid rate when covering Medicare cost‐sharing requirements for their indigent members. We estimate the effect of the three types of obstacles on wait times.MethodWe used a Markov model to predict wait times for dually eligible and regular Medicare beneficiaries in all 50 states and the District of Columbia from 2023 to 2050. Counts of both groups by age, sex and states were derived from Census data and Medicare enrollment records. We obtained Medicaid rates, estimates for price elasticity of supply of specialty services, willingness of practices to accept Medicaid and burden of disease from published data.ResultHigher disease burden in duals is projected to lead to wait times of 59.8 months compared to 20.7 months for non‐duals even without considering Medicaid‐specific obstacles to access. Assuming 25% of specialists would not accept Medicaid at all would add around 21.9 months on average. As Medicaid payment rates differ by state, their effect on wait times is projected to vary substantially from adding 2.2 months on average in Virginia to adding at least 99 months in 14 states, such as West Virginia, Oregon and Pennsylvania. Figure 1 illustrates the interaction of disease burden and policy effect by state.ConclusionThe socio‐economically disadvantaged group of duals might face disproportionate wait times for an AD diagnosis, which could be long enough to deprive them of access to treatment entirely and translate into avoidable disease progression and mortality, raising concerns about health equity.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association between mood disorders and Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Ma Liwei , Goudey Benjamin , Masters Colin L. , Jin Liang , Pan Yijun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and depression are mood disorders that can manifest decades before the onset of dementia, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A systematic review with meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate whether anxiety/depression modifies the risk of MCI/AD.MethodEmbase, Global Health, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo (from inception to July 2023) were systematically searched for well‐structured cohort studies examining the association between anxiety/depression and dementia. Meta‐analyses were performed, and summary relative risks (RRs with 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]) were calculated using a random effects model. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool.ResultThirty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Anxiety was significantly associated with MCI (six studies, RR 1.50 [1.11‐2.03], p = 0.018) but not with AD (ten studies, RR 1.31 [0.94‐1.81], p = 0.099). Depression was significantly associated with both MCI (fourteen studies, RR 1.35 [1.08‐1.68], p = 0.012) and AD (nineteen studies, RR 1.57 [1.26‐1.96], p < 0.001).ConclusionThe meta‐analysis has demonstrated that anxiety is associated with increased incidence of MCI, and depression is associated with increased incidence of both AD and MCI. The current study provides epidemiological evidence that anxiety and depression have potential additive effects to the clinical evolution of MCI/AD.
Gender‐ and age‐specific association of known type 2 diabetes mellitus on incident mild cognitive impairment five years later: Results from the population‐based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study
Authors: Jokisch Martha , Platzbecker Anna Lena , Gronewold Janine , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Moebus Susanne , Erbel Raimund , Schramm Sara ,   the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigative Group
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a risk factor for dementia. The association of T2DM and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is reported inconsistently and appears to be gender‐ and age‐specific. The aim of the present study was to investigate the (gender‐ and age‐specific) risk of incident MCI five years later in initially cognitively healthy participants with vs. without known T2DM.Method1467 subjects of the second (t1) and third (t2) follow‐up examination of the prospective, population‐based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (t1: 2005‐2009, Ø62.9 years; t2: 2010‐2015, Ø68.1 years) with complete data regarding T2DM (t1), complete cognitive assessments (t1&t2) and with a cognitive performance within the age‐ and education‐adjusted norm (cognitively healthy; t1) were included. MCI at t2 was defined present, if the cognitive performance was below the age‐ and education‐adjusted norm in at least one cognitive domain with or without reported subjective cognitive decline. Known T2DM (t1) was defined as self‐reported physician‐confirmed diagnosis or use of antidiabetic medication (n = 145 (9.8%)). Using log‐linear regression analyses with Poisson distribution, the relative risk (RR) for incident MCI with 95% confidence interval (CI) for T2DM vs. no T2DM was calculated (adjusted (adj.) for age, body mass index, smoking status according to directed acyclic graph; stratified by gender and age (50‐65 years, middle‐aged & 66‐80 years, old‐aged)).ResultOverall, 57 (39.3%) participants with T2DM vs. 363 (27.5%) without T2DM met criteria for MCI at t2. There was an increased RR of incident MCI (adj.: RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.98‐1.74) in participants with T2DM at t1. After stratification, the association was primarily present in middle‐aged participants (adj.: RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.09‐2.56 vs. RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.74.‐1.60 in old‐aged participants), especially in middle‐aged men (adj.: RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.09‐3.11 vs. RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.59‐2.83 in middle‐aged women).ConclusionOur longitudinal data confirm T2DM as a risk factor for incident MCI, especially for men aged 50‐65 years. Prevention of T2DM therefore could help to preserve cognitive performance and delay the development of dementia.
Demedarts
Authors: Mateus‐Berr Ruth Gabriele , Scharler‐Plotnik Pia Moana , Kielmeier Lisa , Rusz Alexandra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis rollator/walker called THE GARDENER is a so‐called Critical Design. it is not intended for actual use but to attract attention, to encourage new interpretations for designs for those affected. in spring and summer you can go for a walk with a raised bed, so to speak, and talk to/interact with other passers‐by, thus overcoming the loneliness of old age. Hapitically and olfactorily you have a positive connotation.
How Does Social Interaction Impact Grey Matter Volume in Healthy Older Women?
Authors: Kwan Heather , Parker Ashleigh F. , Szoeke Cassandra , Gawryluk Jodie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe global population of adults over the age of 65 is expected to surpass 2 billion by 2050. Alongside this rise in the aging population, the incidence of age‐related cognitive decline and dementia will continue to grow. Importantly, women are at an elevated risk of cognitive decline compared to men. Therefore, it is imperative to identify modifiable risk and protective factors for aging women. The Lancet Commission highlighted low social contact as a modifiable risk factor for dementia and the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition‐Revised suggests potential neural structural benefits of such sources of enrichment. Structural neuroimaging allows for the examination of grey matter volume directly, in vivo. It was hypothesized that women with greater social interaction would demonstrate greater grey matter volume.MethodThe current study used magnetic resonance imaging to examine the relationship between grey matter volume and social interaction in healthy older women. Participants were all biological females over the age 60 and obtained from the Women’s Healthy Ageing Project. The current study included 151 healthy older women (MAge = 70.30 ± 2.88) who had 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging data and had completed the social composite score on the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36). The correlation between the social composite score and grey matter volume was examined using voxel‐based morphometry.ResultThe results did not reveal significant correlations between grey matter volume and scores on the SF‐36, although there were sub‐threshold (p<0.2, corrected) positive correlations in the posterior areas of the brain. A post‐hoc region of interest analysis also revealed a significant correlation between SF‐36 and grey matter volume in the cerebellum (p<0.05, corrected).ConclusionAge‐related cognitive decline continues to represent a significant and ongoing issue for our global population, particularly for women who are at an increased risk. It is crucial to continue to investigate the unique variables, such as social interaction, to improve the quality of life for aging women.
Data harmonisation to foster collaboration between Alzheimer’s disease registries
Authors: Perneczky Robert , Hyde Robert , van Beek Johan , Jessen Frank 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNumerous drugs (including disease‐modifying therapies, cognitive enhancers and neuropsychiatric treatments) are being developed for Alzheimer’s and related dementias (ADRD). Emerging neuroimaging modalities, and genetic and other biomarkers potentially enhance diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. These advances need to be assessed in real‐world studies (RWS).Currently, there are several national and two emerging international ADRD registries that differ in their data requirements. For instance, most existing registries do not routinely capture safety data. Outcome harmonisation would facilitate collaboration between international and national registries and, in turn, support interoperability, and enhance the statistical power and external validity of RWS.In response, the International Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease and other Dementias (InRAD) convened a Steering Committee of leaders and investigators from registries in Europe, Asia and Australia to define a harmonised minimum dataset (MDS) and extended dataset (EDS) that enables collaboration. A wider stakeholder group, including patient representatives, regulators, payors and industry, will validate the agreed MDS and EDS (Figure 1). The harmonised MDS and EDS will form the basis of data captured in InRAD, which can also form the foundation of collaboration in future RWS within and across registries (Figures 2 and 3).The harmonised MDS and EDS reflect the needs of two user levels. Firstly, the MDS and EDS should inform differential diagnosis and clinical decision making by presenting longitudinal data in a graphical dashboard summarising important outcomes at the point of care. The harmonised MDS will encompass demographics, functional and cognitive instruments, and rating scales. The harmonised EDS can answer specific questions and/or include additional functional and cognitive instruments to, for example, reflect local clinical practice and patient‐reported outcomes.Secondly, harmonised MDS and EDS facilitate collaboration between registries to, for example, benchmark, assess efficacy and important safety outcomes, and to inform health technology assessments. The harmonised data sets will be as lean as practical, undergo comprehensive beta‐testing by InRAD and the results shared with stakeholders.The presentation will explore the background to and need for data harmonisation across registries, the latest iteration of the harmonised MDS and EDS, and InRAD’s overall progress.
Association between reserve, white matter integrity and cognitive function in Taiwan community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Ou Tzu‐Chi , Chuang Yi‐Fang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of the reserve, including brain and cognitive reserve, on cognitive functions has been examined in several studies. However, there has been limited evidence about the underlying mechanism, particularly in relation to white matter (WM) integrity. This study aims to investigate the influence of brain and cognitive reserve on cognition and white matter tract integrity among community‐dwelling non‐demented older adults.MethodWe included 379 non‐demented community‐dwelling older adults (287 cognitively normal and 92 mild cognitive impairment [MCI]). The sum of weighted education years and occupational skill level (International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008, ISCO‐08) was used to construct cognitive reserve (CR). The intra‐cranial volume (ICV) was obtained from brain MRI images and used as a proxy of brain reserve (BR). Cognition was assessed across five domains: global cognition, memory, attention, executive function, and language. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were derived from diffusion tension imaging (DTI), indicating WM integrity. The FA of the global tract was the average of eight major bilateral WM tracts (Fornix, Cingulum, Uncinate fasciculus [UF], Corona radiata, Superior longitudinal fasciculus, Inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, Corpus callosum, Posterior thalamic radiation). We also measured medial temporal lobe (MTL) tracts, the mean from three bilateral MTL WM tracts (Hippocampal cingulum, Fornix, and UF).ResultThe mean age of the study population is 67.7 (±7.2). CR had positive effects on all cognitive domains in the total sample; the effects were stronger on memory (partial r = 0.39, p <0.001) and attention (partial r = 0.53, p <0.001) in normal older adults and stronger on global cognition (partial r = 0.55, p <0.001) and attention (partial r = 0.56, p <0.001) in MCI; BR only had positive effects on attention (partial r = 0.17, p <0.001) in normal older adults. Regarding WM tract integrity, we found that BR had negative effects on Fornix in both normal (partial r = ‐0.16, p = 0.01) and MCI (partial r = ‐0.23, p = 0.04).ConclusionCR has significant positive effects on all cognitive domains but has differential cognitive impacts between normal and MCI older adults. On the other hand, BR has significant negative effects on Fornix in both normal or MCI older adults.
Dementia Strategies of England and Glasgow Declaration: What Requires to be Done?
Authors: Bulsari Smruti 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundConsidering the enormity and pace of spread of dementia in Europe, Alzheimer’s Society (Europe) launched the Glasgow Declaration in 2014, giving these fundamental rights to persons living with dementia: timely diagnosis and diagnostic support, person‐centred quality care, equitable access to treatment and being respected as an individual. The objective of this study is to identify the focus areas of the dementia strategies of England, and whether the focus has changed over time. This study also examines how well the focus areas of Prime Minister’s Challenges 2015 and 2020 to ensure the accordance of Glasgow declaration rights.MethodNational Dementia Strategy 2009, Prime Minister’s Challenge on Dementia 2015 and 2020 are downloaded from the repository of dementia strategies of Alzheimer’s Society. Text from these documents is cleaned to remove the headers, footers, page numbers, table of contents and references. The text is then preprocessed, which includes removal of special characters, numbers, words tokenisation, part‐of‐speech tagging and lemmatisation, and removal of stop words, extra spaces and punctuations. This preprocessed text is then used to find the word frequencies, separately for each document. Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP), Bayesian approach, is applied to the text of dementia strategies to identify the key focus areas of each of these strategies.ResultAll the three strategies have one common focus area: care and support for people with dementia. Research is an additional focus area in the 2020 strategy. The results of HDP support the findings based on the word frequencies; for all the three documents, care, support and health of people with dementia has consistently retained the key focus of these strategies throughout.ConclusionDementia strategies have a consistent focus on care and support for people with dementia since the first strategy in 2009. These align with two of the rights of Glasgow declaration, for persons living with dementia. Despite that Glasgow declaration was launched five years after the first dementia strategy of England, the later strategies (2015 and 2020) continue to lack focus on the rights to timely diagnosis, equitable access to treatment and the right to be respected as an individual.
Development and Evaluation of Simvastatin based Self nano emulsifying drug delivery system for treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors:   Hardeep , Pandey Narendra Kumar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Its incidences are increasing at an immense rate due to inadequate patient compliance. Hence there is a requirement for a requisite treatment strategy. With the enormous efforts of researchers, they have repurposed the drugs for the management of AD. Simvastatin (SIM) could be one of them. Hence the present work was focused on the formulation development and optimization of self‐nano emulsifying drug delivery system of SIM against AlCl3‐induced AD in rats.MethodOn the basis of pre‐formulation studies oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants were selected. SNEDDS was prepared by stirring technique in which initial trials were done in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. Further optimized by Box Behnken design. The developed formulation was further characterized for particle size, zeta potential, PDI, TEM analysis, and drug loading (DL). MTT assay was done using SH‐SY5Y cell lines to evaluate toxicity of the developed formulation. In vivo, the evaluation of the developed formulation was tested on an AlCl3‐induced AD rats model.ResultThe optimized formulation exhibited P.S, Z.P, PDI, and DL of 57.46±2.65 nm, ‐13.6±1.18 mV, 0.2±0.11 and 88%, respectively. MTT assay confirmed that the prepared formulation was free of toxicity and safe to use for in vivo study. Most importantly, in vivo, administration of SIM‐SNEDDS resulted in significantly increased bioavailability of SIM in the brain compared to the standard drug donepezil (DPZ) and unprocessed SIM. The range of therapeutic efficacy was better in SIM‐SNEDDS high dose followed by SIM‐SNEDDS low dose, and then DPZ and further naïve SIM bioavailability of SIM in the brain compared to the standard drug DPZ and unprocessed SIM. The range of therapeutic efficacy was better in SIM‐SNEDDS high dose followed by SIM‐SNEDDS low dose, and then DPZ and naïve SIM.ConclusionThe results of the study concluded that SIM SNEDDS was safe to use in rats. The developed formulation helped in managing AD by promoting antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐hyperlipidemic activity. Further explorations with other models and clinical trials are required to better understand the effect of SNEDDS of SIM.
Dementia and the Social Determinants of Health in Colombia
Authors: Romero‐Vanegas Sara Julieta , Pardo Rodrigo , Moreno‐Angarita Marisol 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDementia onset and progression may be related to the social determinants of health (SDH), but information regarding those is scarce. Currently, we still lack knowledge about the role of structural determinants of health in dementia and their relationship to recognition spheres (care, social valuation, needs, and rights). This has been reflected in health policies that do not fulfill the expectations of the patients, caregivers, and health professionals.MethodWe performed an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. We included patients with a mild dementia diagnosis (N:28), caregivers (N: 208), and health professionals (N:39). We used a structured interview, study of cases, and focus groups to gather our information. We performed a triangulation method to evaluate the burden of known and unknown needs and afterwards a theoretical analysis of SDH and recognition theory.ResultOur results suggest that there are individual factors that become risk determinants for dementia. These factors could be the focus of designing preventive or palliative approaches. Psychosocial variables (place of residence, environmental milieu, mobility facilities, insurance regimen, income level among others) modify the quality of life and well‐being perception.We found that structural determinants, such as the socioeconomic and political context and politics are related to training, legal‐occupational‐labor, property, care, and access to health and respite needs. Cultural norms and values are associated with sociocultural needs beliefs and values, and governance is linked to rights and regulations. When we associate multidimensional needs with the determinants, we observe that they affect the spheres of recognition generating a negative impact on the disease progress, well‐being, and dignified life.ConclusionWe found a relationship between SDH and the ten dimensions that we explored through the needs assessment methodology. Unresolved needs and lack of recognition related to social determinants, threaten the way of living and feeling dementia, as well as its evolution and progression. Our result could lead to community empowerment, inclusion, visibility at the decision‐making level, and formulation of policies and healthcare services if we understand the interaction between needs, the social determinants of health and the recognition spheres.