bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating simple classification rules to predict local surges in COVID-19 hospitalizations
Authors: Yaesoubi Reza , You Shiying , Xi Qin , Menzies Nicolas A. , Tuite Ashleigh , Grad Yonatan H. , Salomon Joshua A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Low rates of vaccination, emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, and increasing transmission relating to seasonal changes and relaxation of mitigation measures leave many US communities at risk for surges of COVID-19 that might strain hospital capacity, as in previous waves. The trajectories of COVID-19 hospitalizations differ across communities depending on their age distributions, vaccination coverage, cumulative incidence, and adoption of risk mitigating behaviors. Yet, existing predictive models of COVID-19 hospitalizations are almost exclusively focused on national- and state-level predictions. This leaves local policymakers in urgent need of tools that can provide early warnings about the possibility that COVID-19 hospitalizations may rise to levels that exceed local capacity. In this work, we develop a framework to generate simple classification rules to predict whether COVID-19 hospitalization will exceed the local hospitalization capacity within a 4- or 8-week period if no additional mitigating strategies are implemented during this time. This framework uses a simulation model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 hospitalizations in the US to train classification decision trees that are robust to changes in the data-generating process and future uncertainties. These generated classification rules use real-time data related to hospital occupancy and new hospitalizations associated with COVID-19, and when available, genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. We show that these classification rules present reasonable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity (all ≥ 80%) in predicting local surges in hospitalizations under numerous simulated scenarios, which capture substantial uncertainties over the future trajectories of COVID-19. Our proposed classification rules are simple, visual, and straightforward to use in practice by local decision makers without the need to perform numerical computations.
Adherence, Competence, and Alliance as Predictors of Long-term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Bjaastad Jon Fauskanger , Gjestad Rolf , Fjermestad Krister , Öst Lars-Göran , Haugland Bente Storm Mowatt , Kodal Arne , Heiervang Einar R. , Wergeland Gro Janne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated therapist adherence, therapist competence, and patient-therapist alliance as predictors of long-term outcomes of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in youth. Potential differential effects for group versus individual CBT, for therapists with or without formal CBT training, and based on youth symptom severity were examined. Videotapes (n = 181) from treatment sessions in a randomized controlled effectiveness trial comprising youth (N = 170, M age = 11.6 years, SD = 2.1) with anxiety disorders were assessed for therapist adherence and competence. Alliance was rated by therapists and youth. Participants completed a diagnostic interview and an anxiety symptom measure at pre-treatment, post-treatment, one-year follow-up, and long-term follow-up (M = 3.9 years post-treatment, SD = 0.8, range = 2.2–5.9 years). The change in anxiety symptoms or diagnostic status from pre-treatment to long-term follow-up was not significantly related to any predictor variables. However, several interaction effects were found. For loss of principal diagnosis, therapist competence predicted positive outcome when therapist adherence also was high. Adherence was found to predict positive outcome if CBT was provided individually. Therapist-rated alliance was related to both loss of principal diagnosis and loss of all diagnoses when CBT was provided in groups. Interaction effects suggested that therapists displaying both high adherence and high competence produced better long-term outcomes. Further, the alliance may be particularly important for outcomes in group CBT, whereas adherence may be particularly important for outcomes in individual CBT.
Real-world-Daten in der Arzneimittelregulation – aktuelle Entwicklungen und Ausblick
Authors: Wicherski Julia , Schneider Katharina , Zinserling Jörg , Heß Steffen , Haenisch Britta , Broich Karl 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Real-world-Daten (RWD) und die aus ihnen durch statistisch-epidemiologische Analysen abgeleitete Real-world-Evidenz (RWE) spielen eine vielversprechende und zunehmend relevante Rolle bei regulatorischen Entscheidungsfindungen entlang des Produktlebenszyklus von Arzneimitteln.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand, die Entwicklungspotenziale und Initiativen zur verstärkten Nutzung von RWE in der europäischen und internationalen Arzneimittelregulation gegeben.

Material und Methoden
Die Grundlagen für die Übersichtsarbeit sind Originalarbeiten und Reviews aus der aktuellen internationalen Literatur (inklusive eigener Forschungsergebnisse), aktuelle Beispiele aus der regulatorischen Praxis sowie die Einbindung in europäische und internationale Initiativen zur verstärkten Nutzung von RWD/RWE in regulatorischen Entscheidungsprozessen.

Ergebnisse
Aktuell primär zur supportiven Evidenz bei regulatorischen Entscheidungsfindungen wird RWE aus RWD eingesetzt. Neben dem etablierten Einsatz in Phasen nach der Zulassung (z. B. Überwachung der Arzneimittelsicherheit), werden RWD zunehmend auch in der Phase vor der Zulassung und in der Evaluation eingesetzt. Aktuell wird durch verstärkte Vernetzung der Datenquellen auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene eine Gesundheitsdateninfrastruktur aufgebaut, um neue Möglichkeiten zur RWD-Nutzung zu schaffen.

Schlussfolgerung
Neben einer wachsenden Bedeutung von RWD/RWE in der europäischen und internationalen Arzneimittelregulation ergeben sich auch neue Herausforderungen zum Zugang zu und zur Analyse von RWD. Die Variabilität und Heterogenität der RWD-Quellen machen die Entwicklung neuer und optimierter Methoden für RWD-Analysen unerlässlich. Auch neue Leitfaden- und Schulungskonzepte für die beteiligten Stakeholder sind essenziell.
Three-year outcomes of a fracture liaison service model at a university-based tertiary care hospital in Thailand
Authors: Chotiyarnwong Pojchong , Kitcharanant Nitchanant , Vanitcharoenkul Ekasame , Anusitviwat Chirathit , Jarusriwanna Atthakorn , Suthutvoravut Worasit , Boonnasa Wararat , Unnanuntana Aasis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Summary

Fragility hip fracture (FHF) is a serious complication of osteoporosis. A fracture liaison service (FLS) is crucial in preventing FHF. Our retrospective data of 489 patients with FHF and 3-year follow-ups demonstrated that the FLS improved functional outcomes. Our study’s mortality rates were lower than in other published series.

Purpose
This study assessed the 3-year outcomes after fragility hip fracture (FHF) treatment by a multidisciplinary team from the Siriraj Fracture Liaison Service (Si–FLS). The review investigated the administration rates of anti-osteoporosis medication, refracture, and mortality; activities of daily living; mobility; and health-related quality of life.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed of the records of Si-FLS patients given FHF treatment between June 2016 and October 2018. The outcomes were evaluated at 3 time points: before discharge, and 1 and 3 years after treatment.

Results
The study enrolled 489 patients (average age, 78). The mortality and refracture rates at 1 year after hip fracture were 13.9% and 1.6%, respectively. At the 3-year follow-up, both rates were higher (20.4% and 5.7%, respectively). The Barthel Index and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale had risen to a plateau at the 1-year follow-up and remained stable to the 3-year follow-up. One year after treatment, approximately 60% of the patients could ambulate outdoors, and the proportion remained steady until the 3-year follow-up. There was no difference in the 1- and 3-year follow-up anti-osteoporosis medication administration rates (approximately 40%).

Conclusions
This study confirms the benefits of having a multidisciplinary FLS care team to manage older people with FHF. An FLS improves the care of patients with FHF and the social support of caregivers and relatives. The FLS maintained the functional outcomes of the patients through 3 years of postfracture treatment.
Laser Welding of Nitinol Thin Foils: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Depending on Process Parameters
Authors: Katrakova-Krüger D. , Pegoraro L. , Salmaso L. , Hartl C. , Schulz I. , Weichert S. , Steffen R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ni–Ti alloys are used as functional materials in numerous sectors such as aerospace, automotive engineering, medical technology, and consumer goods. Their properties in terms of shape memory effect and superelasticity offer a great potential for innovative smart products. However, forming and machining of these alloys into concrete products is challenging. Assembling plain structures by laser welding to complex product shapes offers an economical alternative in many cases, but can be associated with negative effects, such as reduction of strength, development of brittle intermetallic compounds, alteration of transformation temperatures, and modification of shape memory effects and superelastic behavior. Against this background, investigations on laser welding of Ni55/Ti45 foil with a thickness of 125 µm by a fiber laser were conducted. Supported by methods of design of experiments, optimal parameters were determined with respect to laser power, welding speed, focus position, and beam oscillation, and the welding results were analyzed concerning the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the welded joints. The effect of laser beam oscillation was investigated for the first time for the welding of this alloy. Due to the very low thickness, the preparation of the foils for the microstructure characterization is quite demanding. Best results were obtained by ion milling. Fracture surfaces and the influence of the welding were also investigated.
Olov Oscarsson’s Description of Afferent Pathways to the Cerebellum: Excellent Physiology, Base for Anatomy, and Road Toward Understanding Function
Authors: Ruigrok Tom J. H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Olov Oscarsson’s review on the functional organization of spinocerebellar paths is a prime demonstration of the great skills and huge knowledge base of the electrophysiologists of his era working on communication systems in the brain. Oscarsson describes and characterizes in detail no less than ten different communication lines between the spinal cord and the cerebellum. As such, his work proved to be a highly fertile basis for ongoing physiological and anatomical research. However, even after 50 years of continuing cerebellar research, many questions are still open and even care must be taken that the differentiation in spinocerebellar paths, so carefully demonstrated by Oscarsson, is not lost in present-day research.
From Prevention to Promotion in Women’s Sexual Self-Perceptions of Efficacy: The Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
Authors: Ogallar-Blanco Adelaida I. , Lara-Moreno Raquel , Godoy-Izquierdo Débora 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Available sexual self-efficacy (SSE) measures are mostly focused on self-perceptions of efficacy regarding engaging in specific preventive sexual behaviors, and do not include beliefs and expectations regarding behaviors aimed at achieving a more agentic and pleasurable sexual health in positive terms, nor do they consider the varied sexual orientations or relationship options.

Methods
This self-report-based, cross-sectional study sought to validate a new instrument to assess SSE for both preventive and health promotion sexual behaviors: the Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ), among a non-probabilistic sample of 1080 women aged 18–50 years old. Data were gathered from January 2015 to December 2021. For validation purposes, reliability, factorial structure, and convergent construct validity with other well-known instruments measuring SSE were analyzed.

Results
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a bifactorial structure of the SSEQ, with 10 items in the factor SSE for health-promotive actions and 10 items in the factor SSE for preventive actions. Furthermore, the SSEQ showed good reliability and convergent validity.

Conclusions
Our findings support the use of the SSEQ as an alternative tool with appropriate psychometric characteristics that assesses cognitions related to achieving a healthier sexuality through the performance of preventive behaviors aimed at avoiding potentially negative outcomes and those promotive actions leading to more gratifying consequences for women.

Policy Implications
The SSEQ can be used in research, educative, and clinical contexts to develop interventions to improve women’s behavioral competences and perceived confidence in their skills to achieve a healthier and more pleasurable and agentic sexuality.
Knee positioning systems for X-ray environment: a literature review
Authors: Lopes Catarina , Vilaca Adelio , Rocha Cláudia , Mendes Joaquim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe knee is one of the most stressed joints of the human body, being susceptible to ligament injuries and degenerative diseases. Due to the rising incidence of knee pathologies, the number of knee X-rays acquired is also increasing. Such X-rays are obtained for the diagnosis of knee injuries, the evaluation of the knee before and after surgery, and the monitoring of the knee joint’s stability. These types of diagnosis and monitoring of the knee usually involve radiography under physical stress. This widely used medical tool provides a more objective analysis of the measurement of the knee laxity than a physical examination does, involving knee stress tests, such as valgus, varus, and Lachman. Despite being an improvement to physical examination regarding the physician’s bias, stress radiography is still performed manually in a lot of healthcare facilities. To avoid exposing the physician to radiation and to decrease the number of X-ray images rejected due to inadequate positioning of the patient or the presence of artefacts, positioning systems for stress radiography of the knee have been developed. This review analyses knee positioning systems for X-ray environment, concluding that they have improved the objectivity and reproducibility during stress radiographs, but have failed to either be radiolucent or versatile with a simple ergonomic set-up.
Modeling adaptation of sorghum in Ethiopia with APSIM—opportunities with G×E×M
Authors: Tirfessa Alemu , Getachew Fikadu , McLean Greg , van Oosterom Erik , Jordan David , Hammer Graeme 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSorghum is an important food and feed crop in the dry lowland areas of Ethiopia. Farmers grow both early-sown long-duration landraces and late-sown short-duration improved varieties. Because timing and intensity of drought stress can vary in space and time, an understanding of major traits (G), environments (E), management (M), and their interactions (G×E×M) is needed to optimize grain and forage yield given the limited available resources. Crop simulation modeling can provide insights into these complex G×E×M interactions and be used to identify possible avenues for adaptation to prevalent drought patterns in Ethiopia. In a previous study predictive phenology models were developed for a range of Ethiopian germplasm. In this study, the aims were to (1) further parameterize and validate the APSIM-sorghum model for crop growth and yield of Ethiopian germplasm, and (2) quantify by simulation the productivity-risk trade-offs associated with early vs late sowing strategies in the dry lowlands of Ethiopia. Field experiments involving Ethiopian germplasm with contrasting phenology and height were conducted under well-watered (Melkassa) and water-limited (Miesso) conditions and crop development, growth and yield measured. Soil characterization and weather records at the experimental sites, combined with model parameterization, enabled testing of the APSIM-sorghum model, which showed good correspondence between simulated and observed data. The simulated productivity for the Ethiopian dry lowlands environments showed trade-offs between biomass and grain yield for early and late sowing strategies. The late sowing strategy tended to produce less biomass except in poor seasons, whereas it tended to produce greater grain yield except in very good seasons. This study exemplified the systems approach to identifying traits and management options needed to quantify the production-risk trade-offs associated with crop adaptation in the Ethiopian dry lowlands and further exemplifies the general robustness of the sorghum model in APSIM for this task.
Old perturbative methods for a new problem in Celestial Mechanics: the space debris dynamics
Authors: Celletti Alessandra , Vartolomei Tudor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPerturbative methods have been developed and widely used in the XVIII and XIX century to study the behavior of N-body problems in Celestial Mechanics. Such methods apply to nearly-integrable Hamiltonian systems and they have the remarkable property to be constructive. A well-known application of perturbative techniques is represented by the construction of the so-called proper elements, which are quasi-invariants of the dynamics, obtained by removing the perturbing function to higher orders. They have been used to identify families of asteroids; more recently, they have been used in the context of space debris, which is the main core of this work. We describe the dynamics of space debris, considering a model including the Earth’s gravitational attraction, the influence of Sun and Moon, and the Solar radiation pressure. We construct a Lie series normalization procedure and we compute the proper elements associated to the orbital elements. To provide a concrete example, we analyze three different break-up events with nearby initial orbital elements. We use the information coming from proper elements to successfully group the fragments; the clusterization is supported by statistical data analysis and by machine learning methods. These results show that perturbative methods still play an important role in the study of the dynamics of space objects.
Oral Health Workforce and American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: a Systematic Review
Authors: Llaneza Amanda J. , Seward Julie , Holt Alex , Stephens Lancer D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
Understanding the oral health workforce representing and serving American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities is vital to improving community dental health outcomes. No systematic review of recent published literature on the oral health workforce among this population has been completed.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of published literature examining the oral health workforce representing and serving AI/AN communities in the USA. We analyzed 12 articles according to the PRISMA Statement.

Results
The studies suggested that AI/AN identity is an important aspect of routine and accessible oral healthcare. There are unique barriers and motivations that personnel in the oral health workforce face, let alone the distinctiveness of serving AI/AN communities.

Conclusions
This review provides evidence that expanded oral health positions aid in community members receiving more routine and preventative care and is an upstream public health approach that has diversified the dental workforce.
Sources of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yitayew Yekoye Abebaw , Sisay Dawit Tsegaye , Ayalew Dereje 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmallholder farmers in Ethiopia are involved in multiple seed sources to access bread wheat seed. The present study was conducted in Baso Liben district, northwest Ethiopia, with the objectives of identifying the existing seed sources, factors affecting the use of improved bread wheat seed, and assessing practitioners’ (farmers and experts) suggestions to improve the existing bread wheat seed sources. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 108 farmers and five local experts using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a line-by-line examination of the transcripts of the FGDs. Results revealed that both formal and informal seed sources are available in the study area where farmers can access bread wheat seed. 41.5% of farmers utilized farm-saved seeds from the previous cropping season. The rest was accessed from neighboring farmers (11.4%), relatives (7.5%), and formal seed suppliers (39.6%). Yield advantage, disease tolerance, market value, and food quality were found to be the most common criteria in making the decision to use improved bread wheat varieties. The study confirms that both formal and informal seed sources are important in improving seed access to farmers. Hence, the importance of informal seed sources should be well-considered in policy development. Moreover, the government and development partners need to develop a mechanism to integrate both the formal and informal seed systems to improve seed availability.
Theorizing Access to Civil Justice
Authors: Dylag Matthew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite more than half a century of reform efforts, access to civil justice is still understood to be in a state of crisis. Part of the reason for this is because there is no consensus among the legal community on the meaning of justice in this context. This paper seeks to provide a much-needed theoretical underpinning to the access-to-civil-justice movement. It advances ‘justice as fairness,’ as articulated by the American philosopher John Rawls, in conjunction with Lesley Jacobs’ model of equal opportunities, as a suitable theory in which to frame the access-to-civil-justice movement. I explain why this framework is appropriate for pluralistic democracies like Canada and how it can be used to define measures of justice. This exercise is thus not simply a theoretical discussion, but rather is intended to be used as a practical framework to assess current and proposed policy initiatives.
Public Perceptions Regarding the Preparedness of Government to Combat the Third Wave of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Across Various States of India
Authors: Panda Dibya Sundar , Giri Ranjan Kumar , Khandai Madhusmruti , Naguib Ibrahim A. , Abourehab Mohammad A. S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
India has already passed through 2 waves of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic losing many lives. The reason for losing lives may be due to the unpreparedness of the health care system of India for this unprecedented pandemic. To assess the government’s preparedness, an institutional-based cross-sectional prospective survey was conducted among the adult population of selected states in India. A self-administered 30-item questionnaire divided into 5 sections (demography of the participants, steps to create awareness, prevent spread of infection, handle the emergency, and prognosis) was distributed online through Google Forms. The responses were collected in an Excel file. SPSS software was used to perform the descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Nearly a quarter of the participants “strongly disagree”/“disagree” about the government’s preparedness for the third wave. Considering their perception, it cannot be assured that the government is well prepared to handle the emergency. So, the government must maintain emergency funding and develop a health infrastructure. The government should take steps to reduce social stigma, prevent spreading of unscientific propagation, and make people aware of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the reliable source of information for health emergencies to avoid a human crisis in the future.