bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting international high‐school students' Chinese language learning achievements and perceptions: A mind mapping‐based spherical video‐based virtual reality learning system in Chinese language courses
Authors: Zhao Jia‐Hua , Yang Qi‐Fan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs adequate support, virtual reality (VR) has been increasingly introduced into the classroom to help students learn a new language. However, empirical studies exploring the educational potential of using 360° spherical video‐based virtual reality (SVVR) in high‐school Chinese language classrooms are still lacking.ObjectivesA mind mapping‐based SVVR learning system is proposed for international high‐school students' Chinese courses and examines its effects on improving Chinese learning achievements and perceptions among Grade 10 students who learn Chinese as a foreign language.MethodsThis study adopted a quasi‐experiment design. Participants (N = 66) were assigned to one of three conditions: mind mapping‐based SVVR (MMBSVVR), conventional SVVR (CSVVR), or traditional lecturing (TL). Our mixed‐method approach employed pre‐and post‐tests to measure Chinese learning achievements, questionnaires to measure Chinese learning motivation, problem‐solving ability, and self‐efficacy, and semi‐structured interviews to further explore students' feelings and attitudes about Chinese courses in corresponding learning environments.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed that the MMBSVVR classroom significantly improved high students' Chinese learning achievements in Chinese vocabulary and making sentence, problem‐solving ability, and self‐efficacy. Moreover, SVVR stimulates students' learning interest and class participation, and mind mapping provides students with a clear guide to arrange the knowledge. These findings help interpret the relationships between MMBSVVR and learning achievements, Chinese learning motivation, problem‐solving ability, and self‐efficacy in an international high school Chinese courses, thus providing insight on integrating MMBSVVR into existing classrooms.
Lactoferrin regulates sebogenesis and inflammation in SZ95 human sebocytes and mouse model of acne
Authors: Su Yuan‐Ting , Zouboulis Christos C. , Cui Wei , Zhang An‐Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐lipid effects of lactoferrin on SZ95 human sebaceous gland cells and mouse model of acne.MethodsSZ95 cells were co‐cultured with different concentrations of lactoferrin, and cell viability was determined using the 2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide method. Oil red O and Nile red staining were performed to determine the lipid content. The mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 [SREBP‐1], fatty acid synthase [FAS], stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 [SCD‐1], fatty acid desaturase 2 [FADS2]) and inflammation (interleukin‐8 [IL‐8]) was determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. An acne mouse model was established using injection of P. acnes on the backs of mice. The proliferation and apoptosis of sebaceous gland cells were examined by immunohistochemistry against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and TUNEL staining, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect FADS2 and CXCL15 protein expression.ResultsLactoferrin treatment at 10–500 μg/ml significantly decreased the lipid content, as revealed by the oil red O and Nile red staining. It also attenuated the increase of mRNA expression of SREBP‐1, FAS, SCD‐1, FADS2, and IL‐8 in insulin‐treated SZ95 cells. Moreover, lactoferrin treatment at the doses of 1–50 mg/mouse significantly reduced the inflammation and lipid production in the mouse model of acne. Also, the number of sebaceous gland cells was significantly reduced, and apoptosis was significantly increased by lactoferrin treatment in the mice. Mechanically, the levels of FADS2 and CXCL15 proteins in tissues were significantly decreased after lactoferrin treatment in the model mice.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the potential of lactoferrin against sebogenesis, sebaceous gland inflammation in acne.
Fine particulate matter induces adipose tissue expansion and weight gain: Pathophysiology
Authors: Della Guardia Lucio , Wang Ling 
Published: January 2023

SummaryDysregulations in energy balance represent a major driver of obesity. Recent evidence suggests that environmental factors also play a pivotal role in inducing weight gain. Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in animals and higher rates of obesity in humans.This review discusses metabolic adaptions in central and peripheral tissues that promote energy storage and WAT accumulation in PM2.5‐exposed animals and humans.Chronic PM2.5 exposure produces inflammation and leptin resistance in the hypothalamus, decreasing energy expenditure and increasing food intake. PM2.5 promotes the conversion of brown adipocytes toward the white phenotype, resulting in decreased energy expenditure. The development of inflammation in WAT can stimulate adipogenesis and hampers catecholamine‐induced lipolysis. PM2.5 exposure affects the thyroid, reducing the release of thyroxine and tetraiodothyronine. In addition, PM2.5 exposure compromises skeletal muscle fitness by inhibiting Nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent microvessel dilation and impairing mitochondrial oxidative capacity, with negative effects on energy expenditure.This evidence suggests that pathological alterations in the hypothalamus, brown adipose tissue, WAT, thyroid, and skeletal muscle can alter energy homeostasis, increasing lipid storage and weight gain in PM2.5‐exposed animals and humans. Further studies will enrich this pathophysiological model.
Technical notes on peripheral refraction, peripheral eye length and retinal shape determination
Authors: Atchison David A. , Rozema Jos J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo give an overview of the misconceptions and potential artefacts associated with measuring peripheral refractive error and eye length, the use of these measures to determine the retinal shape and their links to myopia development. Several issues were identified: the relationship between peripheral refractive error and myopia development, inferring the retinal shape from peripheral refraction or eye length patterns, artefacts and accuracy when measuring peripheral eye length using an optical biometer.MethodsA theory was developed to investigate the influence of artefacts in measuring peripheral eye length and on using peripheral eye length to make inferences about retinal shape.ResultsWhen determining peripheral axial length, disregarding the need to realign instruments with mounted targets can lead to incorrect field angles and positions of mounted targets by more than 10% for targets placed close to the eye. Peripheral eye length is not a good indicator of the effects of myopia or of treatment for myopia development because eyes of different lengths but with the same retinal shape would be interpreted as having different retinal shapes; the measurement leads to overestimates of changes in retinal curvature as myopia increases. Determining peripheral eye length as a function of estimated retinal height rather than field angle will halve the magnitude of the artefact. The artefact resulting from the peripheral use of biometers with an on‐axis calibration is modest and can be ignored.ConclusionThere are significant issues with peripheral measurements of the refractive error and eye length that must be considered when interpreting these data for myopia research. Some of these issues can be mitigated, while others require further investigation.
Association of white matter lesions and brain atrophy with the development of dementia in a community: the Hisayama Study
Authors: Nakazawa Taro , Ohara Tomoyuki , Hirabayashi Naoki , Furuta Yoshihiko , Hata Jun , Shibata Mao , Honda Takanori , Kitazono Takanari , Nakao Tomohiro , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: January 2023

AimTo investigate the association of white matter lesions volume (WMLV) levels with dementia risk and the association between dementia risk and the combined measures of WMLV and either total brain atrophy or dementia‐related gray matter atrophy in a general older population.MethodsOne thousand one hundred fifty‐eight Japanese dementia‐free community‐residents aged ≥65 years who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging were followed for 5.0 years. WMLV were segmented using the Lesion Segmentation Toolbox. Total brain volume (TBV) and regional gray matter volume were estimated by voxel‐based morphometry. The WMLV‐to‐intracranial brain volume ratio (WMLV/ICV) was calculated, and its association with dementia risk was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Total brain atrophy, defined as the TBV‐to‐ICV ratio (TBV/ICV), and dementia‐related regional brain atrophy defined based on our previous report were calculated. The association between dementia risk and the combined measures of WMLV/ICV and either total brain atrophy or the number of atrophied regions was also tested.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 113 participants developed dementia. The risks of dementia increased significantly with higher WMLV/ICV levels. In addition, dementia risk increased additively both in participants with higher WMLV/ICV levels and lower TBV/ICV levels and in those with higher WMLV/ICV levels and a higher number of dementia‐related brain regional atrophy.ConclusionThe risk of dementia increased significantly with higher WMLV/ICV levels. An additive increment in dementia risk was observed with higher WMLV/ICV levels and lower TBV/ICV levels or a higher number of dementia‐related brain regional atrophy, suggesting the importance of prevention or control of cardiovascular risk factors.
Minimal invasiveness in vertical ridge augmentation
Authors: Urban Istvan , Montero Eduardo , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Palombo David , Monje Alberto , Tommasato Grazia , Chiapasco Matteo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVertical ridge augmentation is one of the most challenging procedures in implant dentistry because of the advanced skills required by the operator and the fact that bone augmentation is aimed outside the bony contour, in an environment of reduced blood supply. What is more, the flap management required to ensure soft tissue closure frequently leads to associated comorbidities in terms of swelling and hematomas. For these reasons, and even if autologous onlay block grafts are still the gold standard, new techniques and biomaterials have favored the development of potentially less invasive approaches. The present work evaluates the most recent strategies in vertical ridge augmentation to reduce invasiveness and complications, including diagnostic/treatment planning considerations, surgical techniques, digital tools (eg, customized titanium meshes/membranes or bone blocks), and future trends in the field of tissue engineering and cell therapy.
Prevalence of meeting all three 24‐h movement guidelines and its correlates among preschool‐aged children
Authors: Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Izquierdo Mikel , López‐Gil José Francisco , Rincón‐Pabón David , Martínez‐Jamioy Edwar Nicolas , Rivera‐Ruíz Rosemberg , Castellanos‐Montaña Sebastián , Atencio‐Osorio Miguel Alejandro , Carrillo‐Arango Hugo Alejandro , Alonso‐Martínez Alicia M. , García‐Hermoso Antonio 
Published: January 2023

The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to determine the meeting all three 24‐h movement guidelines in Colombian preschool‐aged children, and second, to explore the associations between different socio‐ecological correlates and the meeting of these guidelines. This was a cross‐sectional study with data from the Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN‐2015) in Colombia, 2015–2016. The sample comprised 3002 low‐income preschoolers (3–4 years old, 50.7% boys). Data on physical activity, screen time, and sleep time were collected using the Cuestionario para la Medición de Actividad Física y Comportamiento Sedentario, reported by their parents. In total, 18 potential correlates (individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community level) were analyzed. Backward binary logistic regression analysis was performed with the potential correlates as independent variables and meeting all three 24‐h movement guidelines as dependent variables. The prevalence of preschoolers meeting all three 24‐h movement guidelines or none was 4.8% and 16.6%, respectively. In the final model, boys (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–3.50) and those who do not have television in their bedroom (OR = 2.09, 95%CI 1.05–4.14) were more likely to meet all three 24‐h movement guidelines compared to with girls and those who have television, respectively. In conclusion, strategies to promote adherence to all 24‐h movement guidelines among low‐income preschoolers are warranted, and should focus on actions considering the importance of sex and home environment changes to support these movement behaviors.
Brainstem astrocytes control homeostatic regulation of caloric intake
Authors: Clyburn Courtney , Carson Kaitlin E. , Smith Caleb R. , Travagli R. Alberto , Browning Kirsteen N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProlonged high‐fat diet (HFD) exposure is associated with hyperphagia, excess caloric intake and weight gain. After initial exposure to a HFD, a brief (24–48 h) period of hyperphagia is followed by the regulation of caloric intake and restoration of energy balance within an acute (3–5 day) period. Previous studies have demonstrated this occurs via a vagally mediated signalling cascade that increases glutamatergic transmission via activation of NMDA receptors located on gastric‐projecting neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). The present study used electrophysiological recordings from thin brainstem slice preparations, in vivo recordings of gastric motility and tone, measurement of gastric emptying rates, and food intake studies to investigate the hypothesis that activation of brainstem astrocytes in response to acute HFD exposure is responsible for the increased glutamatergic drive to DMV neurons and the restoration of caloric balance. Pharmacological and chemogenetic inhibition of brainstem astrocytes reduced glutamatergic signalling and DMV excitability, dysregulated gastric tone and motility, attenuated the homeostatic delay in gastric emptying, and prevented the decrease in food intake that is observed during the period of energy regulation following initial exposure to HFD. Understanding the mechanisms involved in caloric regulation may provide critical insights into energy balance as well as into the hyperphagia that develops as these mechanisms are overcome.
imageKey points
Initial exposure to a high fat diet is associated with a brief period of hyperphagia before caloric intake and energy balance is restored.
This period of homeostatic regulation is associated with a vagally mediated signalling cascade that increases glutamatergic transmission to dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons via activation of synaptic NMDA receptors.
The present study demonstrates that pharmacological and chemogenetic inhibition of brainstem astrocytes reduced glutamatergic signalling and DMV neuronal excitability, dysregulated gastric motility and tone and emptying, and prevented the regulation of food intake following high‐fat diet exposure.
Astrocyte regulation of glutamatergic transmission to DMV neurons appears to involve release of the gliotransmitters glutamate and ATP.
Understanding the mechanisms involved in caloric regulation may provide critical insights into energy balance as well as into the hyperphagia that develops as these mechanisms are overcome.
Validation of a Fully Integrated Numerical Simulation Method to Assess Structural Integrity on a Flexible Model of FOWT Using RB-FEA
Authors: Knezevic David , Pinguet Romain , Martin Bruce , Peterson John , Podskarbi Mat , Price Seth , Vallaghe Sylvain 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work is part of the DIGIFLOAT project. This project aims to provide a digital twin software framework that enables high-fidelity structural integrity analysis for a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) in its as-is state — we refer to this as a structural digital twin (SDT). The same framework is also applicable at design time to assess an extensive range of operational conditions with high-fidelity analysis. In order to achieve this purpose, we validate in this work, a complete system-level FOWT structural analysis framework, which is integrated with NREL OpenFAST and Akselos’ Integra® software. OpenFAST provides the global motions and loads, and these are mapped in the time-domain to the structural model for structural analysis. The structural analysis includes all relevant loads from the system-level model: wind turbine aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, servo-control, and mooring. We demonstrate that the Reduced Basis Finite Element Analysis (RB-FEA) used in Integra® makes detailed structural analysis of FOWT hulls efficient, and that this is an enabler for FOWT SDTs.
Prediction of Heave and Pitch Low Frequency Wave Forces and Motions of a Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine and Comparison With Model Test Data
Authors: Fonseca Nuno , Siva de Sousa Carlos Eduardo , Berthelsen Petter Andreas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most of the floating wind turbine (FWT) sub-structure concepts are designed with long natural periods of the vertical motions to de-tune from the wave frequency range. The consequence is that the natural frequencies of heave, roll and pitch are excited by low frequency wave and wind loads. The paper focus is on the low frequency (LF) wave drift loads and the related heave and pitch responses of a semi-submersible type of FWT (12MW INO WINDMOOR). It presents several approaches to calculate the wave drift force coefficients and related forces in irregular waves, namely mean wave drift coefficients combined with Newman’s approximation, quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) neglecting the free surface integral from the 2nd order potential flow solution and QTFs based on the full 2nd order solution. The different approximations are used to perform nonlinear time domain simulations of the FWT motions and the results compared to the model test data (the model tests were performed in the ocean basin of SINTEF at a scale of 1:40). The LF damping of heave and pitch is represented by a linear and a quadratic damping coefficient identified from decay model tests. The coupled numerical solution requires a correct representation of the surge mode of motion. In this case, the wave drift forces are represented by empirical QTFs, while the LF damping includes a contribution from the calm water damping represented by a linear and a quadratic coefficient, together with a wave drift damping coefficient. The numerical results show a good agreement with the model test data in irregular waves when full QTFs are used to calculate the wave drift forces.
Motion and Tension Response Study of a 15MW Offshore Reference Floating Wind Turbine With a Semisubmersible
Authors: Chen Jiaxing , Su Zhiyong , Ding Yu , Liu Allen , Duggal Arun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive study has been carried out to understand the system motion and mooring tension response under various environmental conditions for the 15MW offshore reference wind turbine. The publicly available data of IEA 15MW offshore reference wind turbine and the UMaine VolturnUS-S reference semisubmersible platform and its associated chain catenary mooring system are used for this study. The simulations are run in the time domain using OrcaFlex for a coupled aero-servo-hydro model. To simulate the stochastic turbulent wind as observed in the real world, wind fields are generated by TurbSim and imported into OrcaFlex. The simulations account for various environmental conditions which include individual and combined wind, waves, and current. Response statistics are summarized to study the impact of individual environmental component on the system responses. Furthermore, the responses are also inspected in the frequency domain. It can be shown that the responses under a general combined wind, waves, current condition can be decomposed into the responses in three frequency regions (low frequency, wave frequency, and high frequency). Each region is dominated by either a specific (or up to two) environmental component(s) or the resonant responses of the superstructure (tower and turbine). A further investigation also reveals that, in operational conditions, the high-frequency motions from the superstructure could contribute significantly to the tension response of the mooring line. Given the large number of cycles and amplitudes of this response, severe fatigue damage could be accumulated in a short time and leads to premature mooring failure. The underlying physics of this high-frequency tension response is examined, and a possible solution is proposed to mitigate the issue.
Model Testing of Non-Linear Mooring System Using an Active Mooring Simulator for Floating Offshore Wind Systems
Authors: McGlynn Alyssa , Kimball Richard , Ward Jacob , Libby Curtis , Fowler Matt 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the development, testing and validity of an active mooring simulator for basin testing of scale model floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). The mooring simulator uses closed loop force control and a lookup table to actuate linear and non-linear mooring response for a semi-submersible 11MW FOWT at 1:56.7 scale. Presented is the validation of the system performance on the bench and against traditional springs in the basin. Three mooring systems were actuated by the mooring simulator:
1) Linearized polyester semi-taut mooring,
2) Non-linear polyester semi-taut mooring,
3) Non-linear catenary mooring.
Characterization and verification of the simulated mooring system was done by direct comparison to an actual spring system. Validation results include linear actuated free decays and irregular wave tests in comparison to traditional spring setup. Non-linear mooring responses were also simulated under irregular sea states specified by ABS guidelines.
The control system uses a proportional-integrator (PI) controller with active force feedback and a lookup table. The force-displacement relationship of the represented mooring systems includes static and dynamic stiffness components developed from OrcaFlex simulations. This relationship is fed into the controller for the active mooring system via a lookup table. The actuation of non-linear force displacement relationships allows for basin test results to be more accurate to the increasingly non-linear mooring systems being developed.