bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis in the evaluation of body composition in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Baş Dilşat , Arıbal Mustafa Erkin , Vardareli Erkan , Sönmez Özlem , Oyan Başak , Özden Burcu Çelet , Sonkaya Alper 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of body composition is an essential parameter for preventing obesity and sarcopenic obesity, which are prognostic factors in breast cancer. This study aims to validate the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of women who are breast cancer survivors by using the dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement method.MethodsThis validation study included 104 women without metastasis between 32 and 72 years old (mean 47.03 ± 8.59) whose treatment was completed 6 months prior. Body composition analysis was performed sequentially using both measurements and when participants were hungry.ResultsMeaningful differences were found in fat‐free mass (FFM) (BIA: 46.57 ± 5.54 kg; DXA: 41.06 ± 5.11 kg), body fat percentage (%BF) (BIA: 34.28% ± 6.24%; DXA: 43.91% ± 5.58%), body fat mass (FM) (BIA: 25.37 ± 8.84 kg; DXA: 31.24 ± 9.09 kg), and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) (BIA: 4.42 ± 5.66 kg; DXA: 38.75 ± 4.98 kg) (P < 0.001). Powerful associations for body FM and strong associations for other parameters were seen. A constant and/or proportional error was found between the two devices within the direction of strong and solid components. Compared with DXA, the BIA measurement gives a lower estimate of %BF and FM and a higher estimate of LSTM and FFM.ConclusionsBy the mathematical relationship between the two measurement methods, it seems possible to adapt the body composition parameters obtained from BIA of patients with breast cancer to DXA results. In the future, there will be a need to evaluate these two devices with more extensive studies.
Construction of membrane formation system with low critical solution temperature for preparing hydrophilic polysulfone membrane via modified reverse thermally induced phase separation process
Authors: Yang Jing , Wei Yong‐Ming , Zhang Jun‐Jun , Wang Fang , Liu Min , Zhou Quan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method to construct a membrane formation system featuring a low critical solution temperature (LCST) by incorporating hydroxy terminated hyperbranched polyester (HBPE) into polysulfone (PSF) casting solution. PSF membranes were developed by modified reverse thermally induced phase separation (m‐RTIPS) process while the introduction of HBPE improved the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The critical properties of the flat‐sheet PSF membranes were discussed in detail. The cloud point decreased as the HBPE concentration was increased. When membranes were prepared via m‐RTIPS, the region of bicontinuous finger‐like pores in the sublayer gradually broadened. The membranes showed better permeation properties, larger pore size, and better mechanical properties than those of the membranes prepared via non‐solvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) process. Furthermore, no matter the enhanced hydrophilicity of membrane or m‐RTIPS membrane‐forming mechanism was beneficial to the anti‐fouling properties. In general, the membrane MPSF‐8‐b had relatively high flux, good hydrophilicity and excellent mechanical properties at 0.8 wt.% HBPE content, and the pure water flux recovery of the membrane was increased to 55.2%.
Bug detection in Java code: An extensive evaluation of static analysis tools using Juliet Test Suites
Authors: Amankwah Richard , Chen Jinfu , Song Heping , Kudjo Patrick Kwaku 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the usefulness of employing automated static analysis tools (ASAT) and techniques to detect security bugs in software systems. However, these studies are usually focused on analyzing the effectiveness of the tools using open‐source tools based on C/C++ source code. The choice for making an appropriate decision on the most suitable tool for bug detection in Java code software remains a relatively unexplored domain. To address this deficiency, this study empirically evaluates eight widely used ASATs, namely, Findbug, PMD, YASCA, LAPSE+, JLint, Bandera, ESC/Java, and Java Pathfinder using the Juliet Test Suite (Test Suite v1.2). Additionally, we assessed the performance of the detection capabilities for the aforementioned bug detection tools using robust performance measures such as precision, recall, Youden index, and the OWASP web benchmark evaluation (WBE). The experimental results show that the tools obtain precision values ranging from 83% to 90.7% based on the studied datasets. Specifically, the Java Pathfinder achieves the best precision score of 90.7%, followed by YASCA and Bandera with a precision score of 88.7% and 83%, respectively. Similarly, Bandera, ESC/Java, and Java Pathfinder obtain a Youden index of 0.8, which indicates the effectiveness of the tools in detecting security bugs in Java source code.
Development and validation of stability indicating thin‐layer chromatography methods for simultaneous estimation of Bisoprolol Fumarate and Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Aayushi Patel , Shah Ketan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor the simultaneous estimation of Bisoprolol Fumarate and Hydrochlorothiazide in combined pharmaceutical dosage form, a simple, selective, rapid, and precise stability indicating high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method has been developed and validated.The proposed high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography technique includes the usage of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography plates (Merck) pre‐coated with silica gel 60F254 on aluminum sheets and a cellular segment comprising of methanol:acetonitrile (8:2, v/v). The densiometric measurement of both drugs was performed in the absorbance mode at 223 nm. The method has been used to accurately estimate Bisoprolol Fumarate and Hydrochlorothiazide in a combined tablet dosage form. Both the drugs had been subjected to acid‐alkali hydrolysis, photolytic, thermal, and oxidation degradation and each of them had been discovered to be prone to acid‐alkali hydrolysis, photolytic, thermal, and oxidation degradation. The developed stability‐indicating analytical method was validated. The various validation parameters checked are linearity, inter‐day and intra‐day precision, robustness, accuracy, and so forth.The degradation products obtained were well resolved from the pure drugs with significantly different Rf values. The method can be utilized for stability‐indicating analysis since it successfully separates the drug from its degradation products. The method was successfully validated and validation results are within the acceptable range of International Council for Harmonization guidelines.
An effective ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and derivatization method for the quantification of potential genotoxic impurity Hydrazine in Gliclazide and its formulation – Robustness study by the design of experiments
Authors: Nakka Srinivas , Katari Naresh Kumar , Babu Manubolu Surya Surendra , Muchakayala Siva Krishna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current study presents an accurate, precise, and highly selective ultra‐performance liquid chromatography derivatization method for the quantification of Hydrazine in Gliclazide and its formulations. Gliclazide, derivatizing agent‐ 3,4,5‐trimethoxy benzaldehyde, and Hydrazine derivatives were separated on YMC Pack pro C18 column (50 × 3.0 mm id, 2 μm), column oven temperature maintained at 40°C, with flow rate 0.6 ml/min on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography system with gradient elution monitored at 333 nm. 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase‐A and mobile phase‐B. Evaluated the robustness of the optimized method by employing a quality‐by‐design‐based design of experiments. The method was successfully validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline and the United States Pharmacopeia < 1225 > general chapter. The United States Pharmacopeia resolution between the Gliclazide and Hydrazine derivative was 3.6. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for Hydrazine derivative are 0.10 μg/ml and 0.30 μg/ml, respectively. The obtained regression coefficient (R2) was > 0.9998, and the %recoveries from the limit of quantitation to 150% level were 96.9%–100.8% from the linearity and accuracy studies, respectively. The method validation data and quality‐by‐design‐based robustness study indicate that the developed derivatization method is suitable for routine use in Quality Control laboratories.
“I Don't Let What I Don't Know Stop What I Can do”—How Monolingual English Teachers Constructed a TranslanguagingPre‐KClassroom in China
Authors: Shi Lijuan , Rolstad Kellie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGuided by translanguaging pedagogy, this study examines how monolingual English teachers in a Pre‐K school in China navigate between English and Chinese to construct a translanguaging classroom. Findings based on classroom observations and interviews reveal that, despite being constrained by their monolingualism, the English teachers enacted translanguaging in multiple ways creating three translanguaging components: translanguaging assistance, translanguaging assessment, and translanguaging showcases. Translanguaging assistance enables children to learn English with the assistance of their first language; translanguaging assessment evaluates children's English language skills within a spectrum of multilingual funds of knowledge, and translanguaging showcases define strategic activities to unlock children's full linguistic repertoires, activate their creative voices, and let their bilingualism shine. This study provides pedagogical guidelines that balance the goal of learning a language and developing children's bilingualism through an iterative enactment of the three translanguaging components.
Behavioral Perspectives on B Corps
Authors: Tudor Maria Cristiana , Bernardic Ursa , Sooter Nina M. , Ugazio Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe values driving entrepreneurs are evolving from shareholder wealth maximization towards a more holistic approach wherein business impacts on all stakeholders are considered. This change has been driven in part by a societal cultural shift focused on promoting a sustainable future. To meet this cultural change demanding a balance of profit and ethics, novel entities (e.g., B Corps) have emerged in the private sector. In this chapter, we engage with behavioral perspectives to explore B Corps’ achievements, opportunities, and challenges. We first outline the transition from shareholder to stakeholder considerations, as we believe it constitutes the philosophical ethos of social enterprises. We then focus in turn on four of the five areas used by B Lab’s Impact Assessment—governance, workers, customers and consumers, and community—as they are most appropriate for an exploratory analysis of their interaction with human behavior. Specifically, in governance, we approach the topic of corporate ethics and transparency, as well as how the values of social entrepreneurs shape a firm’s culture. We then outline the relationship between purposeful work and employee performance and examine how B Corps have applied effective practices on social inclusion and employee well-being, in the workers’ section. Concerning customers and consumers, we explore a range of perspectives, including consumer motivations to purchase from B Corps, caveats of ethical consumerism, and how B Corps can capitalize on decision-making research to inspire consumer change. Additionally, we present our research on public awareness and perceptions of B Corp trustworthiness and greenwashing. Finally, the last section—community—highlights B Corps’ civic engagement and communication with their communities through social media, corporate volunteering, and charity work, among others.
Introduction to the Law of Benefit Corporations and Other Public Purpose-Driven Companies
Authors: Cebriá Luis Hernando 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the benefit corporation phenomenon has extended from many US jurisdictions to other countries. Benefit corporations are an expression of the principles of corporate social responsibility in company law through the creation of companies aiming at an enlightened value, for not only the shareholders but the stakeholders. However, different forms of corporations serve this purpose in the United States and in European and Latin American countries. Some are more proximate to non-profit entities, while others, more recently, to the North American model of the benefit corporation. This chapter reviews the current trends in company law that refer to these special legal forms, along with the regime of “public-interest entities” in the European Union and the institutional perspective maintained in some of its jurisdictions. To this end, this chapter analyzes the different legal forms of adaptation of the basic features of benefit corporations and other public purpose-driven companies to the regulatory environment in each jurisdiction.
Purpose-Driven Companies and the Projected Legal System for Benefit and Collective Interest Companies in Chile
Authors: Alcalde Silva Jaime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the situation of purpose-driven companies in Chile and the system for benefit and collective interest companies, which have been discussed in Congress since 2017. This requires contextualizing the reception of certified B Corps in the country since 2012 and the different bills that have been presented to regulate them. Only one of them has prospered, although without positive results thus far.
Benefit Corporations in the Peruvian Legal Ecosystem
Authors: Mujica Filippi Juan Diego , Ochoa Pérez Claudia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn 2020, Peru became the third country in Latin America to adopt the benefit corporation model into its legal system, following its neighbors, Colombia and Ecuador, in proposing a legal model to identify purpose-driven companies. The Peruvian “sociedad de beneficio e interés colectivo” or a BIC company has not only been influenced by the U.S. Model Benefit Corporation Legislation but also by its legal exports, such as the Italian società benefit, the Colombian BIC law, and the Argentinean BIC draft bill. The Peruvian benefit corporation legal ecosystem consists of several newly approved legal documents, such as the law itself, its regulation, and the related reporting guidelines. The law allows the corporate models regulated by the Corporate Act to include three main features: (i) a specific social and environmental purpose in the bylaws; (ii) higher duties and protection for managers and directors; and (iii) transparency and reporting requirements. Additionally, the law grants supervisory power to the Peruvian Competition Authority and oversight of the legal ecosystem to the Peruvian Ministry of Industry. The regulations and reporting guidelines detail these three main features, particularly regarding the companies’ purpose and the transparency and reporting requirements. Only a year after the introduction of the BIC legal ecosystem in Peru, there is an on-going public-private effort to implement the law widely for corporations to actively contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals.
Modular conjugations in 2D conformal field theory and holographic bit threads
Authors: Mintchev Mihail , Tonni Erik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the geometric action of some modular conjugations in two dimensional (2D) conformal field theories. We investigate the bipartition given by an interval when the system is in the ground state, either on the line or on the circle, and in the thermal Gibbs state on the line. We find that the restriction of the corresponding inversion maps to a spatial slice is obtained also in the gauge/gravity correspondence through the geodesic bit threads in a constant time slice of the dual static asymptotically AdS background. For a conformal field theory in the thermal state on the line, the modular conjugation suggests the occurrence of a second world which can be related through the geodesic bit threads to the horizon of the BTZ black brane background. An inversion map is constructed also for the massless Dirac fermion in the ground state and on the line bipartite by the union of two disjoint intervals.
Three Centuries of Appendicectomy
Authors: Herrod Philip J. J. , Kwok Alex T. , Lobo Dileep N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSave for the contribution of Charles McBurney, who described his eponymous point and the appendicectomy incision, the history of appendicectomy is largely unknown among the medical profession. This review traces the history from the first anatomical depiction of the appendix to the development of open appendicectomy and the recent minimally invasive and non‐operative methods.MethodsHistorical articles, monographs and books containing anatomical descriptions of the vermiform appendix and reports of appendicitis and its surgical treatment were retrieved after searching the PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases from their inception to 31 March 2022.ResultsThe first inadvertent appendicectomy was performed during an operation for a groin hernia by Cookesley in 1731, and Mestivier was the first to drain a right iliac fossa abscess, due to appendicitis, in 1757. Krönlein performed the first appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in 1884 but his patient died. The first successful appendicectomy for acute appendicitis leading to patient survival was by Morton in 1887. In 1976, Wirschafter and Kaufman performed an inadvertent colonoscopic appendicectomy and, in 1980, Semm carried out the first laparoscopic appendicectomy. The first appendicectomy via a natural orifice (transgastric) appendicectomy was by Rao and Reddy in 2004.ConclusionThis historical review charts the development of surgical knowledge concerning the management of appendicitis, from the first anatomical drawings of the appendix and descriptions of appendicitis to the development of surgical and conservative treatments up to the present day. It also corrects some inaccuracies of attribution in previous historical reviews.
Predicting pathological complete response of neoadjuvant radiotherapy and targeted therapy for soft tissue sarcoma by whole-tumor texture analysis of multisequence MRI imaging
Authors: Miao Lei , Cao Ying , Zuo LiJing , Zhang HongTu , Guo ChangYuan , Yang ZhaoYang , Shi Zhuo , Jiang JiuMing , Wang ShuLian , Li YeXiong , Wang YanMei , Xie LiZhi , Li Meng , Lu NingNing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To construct effective prediction models for neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and targeted therapy based on whole-tumor texture analysis of multisequence MRI for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients.

Methods
Thirty patients with STS of the extremities or trunk from a prospective phase II trial were enrolled for this analysis. All patients underwent pre- and post-neoadjuvant RT MRI examinations from which whole-tumor texture features were extracted, including T1-weighted with fat saturation and contrast enhancement (T1FSGd), T2-weighted with fat saturation (T2FS), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences and their corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. According to the postoperative pathological results, the patients were divided into pathological complete response (pCR) and non-pCR (N-pCR) groups. pCR was defined as less than 5% of residual tumor cells by postoperative pathology. Delta features were defined as the percentage change in a texture feature from pre- to post-neoadjuvant RT MRI. After data reduction and feature selection, logistic regression was used to build prediction models. ROC analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance.

Results
Five of 30 patients (16.7%) achieved pCR. The Delta_Model (AUC 0.92) had a better predictive ability than the Pre_Model (AUC 0.78) and Post_Model (AUC 0.76) and was better than AJCC staging (AUC 0.52) and RECIST 1.1 criteria (AUC 0.52). The Combined_Model (pre, post, and delta features) had the best predictive performance (AUC 0.95).

Conclusion
Whole-tumor texture analysis of multisequence MRI can well predict pCR status after neoadjuvant RT and targeted therapy in STS patients, with better performance than RECIST 1.1 and AJCC staging.

Key points
• MRI multisequence texture analysis could predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant RT and targeted therapy for STS patients.
• Texture features showed incremental value beyond routine clinical factors.
• The Combined_Model with features at multiple time points showed the best performance.
Precipitation frequency in Med-CORDEX and EURO-CORDEX ensembles from 0.44° to convection-permitting resolution: impact of model resolution and convection representation
Authors: Ha Minh T. , Bastin Sophie , Drobinski Philippe , Fita L. , Polcher J. , Bock O. , Chiriaco M. , Belušić D. , Caillaud C. , Dobler A. , Fernandez J. , Goergen K. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Kartsios S. , Katragkou E. , Lavin-Gullon A. , Lorenz T. , Milovac J. , Panitz H.-J. , Sobolowski S. , Truhetz H. , Warrach-Sagi K. , Wulfmeyer V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent studies using convection-permitting (CP) climate simulations have demonstrated a step-change in the representation of heavy rainfall and rainfall characteristics (frequency-intensity) compared to coarser resolution Global and Regional climate models. The goal of this study is to better understand what explains the weaker frequency of precipitation in the CP ensemble by assessing the triggering process of precipitation in the different ensembles of regional climate simulations available over Europe. We focus on the statistical relationship between tropospheric temperature, humidity and precipitation to understand how the frequency of precipitation over Europe and the Mediterranean is impacted by model resolution and the representation of convection (parameterized vs. explicit). We employ a multi-model data-set with three different resolutions (0.44°, 0.11° and 0.0275°) produced in the context of the MED-CORDEX, EURO-CORDEX and the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study "Convective Phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean" (FPSCONV). The multi-variate approach is applied to all model ensembles, and to several surface stations where the integrated water vapor (IWV) is derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The results show that all model ensembles capture the temperature dependence of the critical value of IWV (IWVcv), above which an increase in precipitation frequency occurs, but the differences between the models in terms of the value of IWVcv, and the probability of its being exceeded, can be large at higher temperatures. The lower frequency of precipitation in convection-permitting simulations is not only explained by higher temperatures but also by a higher IWVcv necessary to trigger precipitation at similar temperatures, and a lower probability to exceed this critical value. The spread between models in simulating IWVcv and the probability of exceeding IWVcv is reduced over land in the ensemble of models with explicit convection, especially at high temperatures, when the convective fraction of total precipitation becomes more important and the influence of the representation of entrainment in models thus becomes more important. Over lowlands, both model resolution and convection representation affect precipitation triggering while over mountainous areas, resolution has the highest impact due to orography-induced triggering processes. Over the sea, since lifting is produced by large-scale convergence, the probability to exceed IWVcv does not depend on temperature, and the model resolution does not have a clear impact on the results.