bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variations of geochemical processes and toxicity of water, sediments, and suspended solids in Sibuti River Estuary, NW Borneo
Authors: Gantayat Rakesh Roshan , Mohan Viswanathan Prasanna , Ramasamy Nagarajan , Sabarathinam Chidambaram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA comprehensive geochemical study was conducted in the Sibuti River estuary by considering water, suspended solids (SS), and sediment samples from 36 stations during southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM). In this study, the distribution of in situ parameters, major ions, nutrients, trace metals, and isotopes (δD, δ18O) were analyzed in water samples, whereas sediments and SS were studied for trace metals. The distribution revealed that suspended solids were the major carrier of Cd, Zn, and Mn, whereas sediments worked as a major source of Co, Cr, Ba, Se, Cu, and Pb. Na-Cl water type and ion exchange dominated the lower part of the estuary during both seasons. However, the mixed mechanism of Ca–Cl, Ca–Mg–Cl, and higher weathering indicated reverse ion exchange in the intermediate and upper parts of the estuary. Isotopic signatures of δD and δ18O in estuarine water indicate that the precipitation over the Limbang area dominates during SWM, whereas higher evaporation was confirmed during NEM. The factor analysis revealed that seawater influence in the estuary majority controlled the water chemistry irrespective of seasons. Major ions were mainly regulated by the tidal influence during the low flow time of the river (SWM), whereas the mixing mechanism of weathering and seawater controlled the concentrations during NEM. Nutrients such as NO3, SO42−, NH3, and NH4+ mainly originated from the agricultural fields and nitrification along with ammonification were responsible for the recycling of such nutrients. Trace metals except Cd were found to be geogenic in nature and originating mainly from the oxidation of pyrites present in the sandstone and mudstones of the Sibuti Formation. Redox condition was catalyzed by microorganisms near the river mouth, whereas Al-oxyhydroxides and Fe-oxyhydroxides complexes in the intermediate and upper part under oxygenated conditions controlled the absorption of metals. Overall, the estuary was found to be absorptive in nature due to ideal pH conditions and was confirmed by the saturation index (SI) of minerals.
The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms
Authors: Ungvari Zoltan , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Csiszar Anna , Kunutsor Setor K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhysical activity, including walking, has numerous health benefits in older adults, supported by a plethora of observational and interventional studies. Walking decreases the risk or severity of various health outcomes such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia, while also improving mental well-being, sleep, and longevity. Dose-response relationships for walking duration and intensity are established for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Walking’s favorable effects on cardiovascular risk factors are attributed to its impact on circulatory, cardiopulmonary, and immune function. Meeting current physical activity guidelines by walking briskly for 30 min per day for 5 days can reduce the risk of several age-associated diseases. Additionally, low-intensity physical exercise, including walking, exerts anti-aging effects and helps prevent age-related diseases, making it a powerful tool for promoting healthy aging. This is exemplified by the lifestyles of individuals in Blue Zones, regions of the world with the highest concentration of centenarians. Walking and other low-intensity physical activities contribute significantly to the longevity of individuals in these regions, with walking being an integral part of their daily lives. Thus, incorporating walking into daily routines and encouraging walking-based physical activity interventions can be an effective strategy for promoting healthy aging and improving health outcomes in all populations. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the vast and consistent evidence supporting the health benefits of physical activity, with a specific focus on walking, and to discuss the impact of walking on various health outcomes, including the prevention of age-related diseases. Furthermore, this review will delve into the evidence on the impact of walking and low-intensity physical activity on specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging, providing insights into the underlying biological mechanisms through which walking exerts its beneficial anti-aging effects.
Variation in Larval Fish Assemblage Dynamics Associated with Harmful Algal Blooms in a Temperate Estuary, South Africa
Authors: Smit Taryn , Lemley Daniel Alan , Bornman Eugin , Adams Janine Barbara , Strydom Nadine Amelia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEutrophication and concomitant harmful algal blooms (HABs) are on the rise globally and pose a threat to larval stages of fishes that rely on estuarine nursery habitats for growth and survival. The anthropogenically altered low inflow estuary (LIE), Sundays Estuary, South Africa, supports persistent and predictable HABs. This study investigated the effects of HABs on the environmental conditions and larval fish assemblage of this warm temperate nursery area. Sampling took place during the austral spring of 2016 and 2018 at three sites in the mesohaline zone where both larval fish abundance and HABs are known to reach maxima. Physico-chemical and phytoplankton data were collected during the day and night, while larval fishes were sampled after nightfall. Physico-chemical parameters and larval fish assemblages were compared by water column (surface and bottom) and sites within the mesohaline zone, years, and HAB intensity (hypereutrophic ≥ 2781 H. akashiwo cells•mL−1; standard ≥ 205 H. akashiwo cells•mL−1; none < 205 H. akashiwo cells•mL−1). A longer period of consecutive hypereutrophic bloom conditions was recorded during 2018 compared to 2016. Dissolved oxygen concentration was notably higher during hypereutrophic blooms (χ2 = 23.759, df = 2, P < 0.001) and reached a maximum of approximately 21 mg•L−1 during the day and 13 mg•L−1 at night. Density and similarity of estuarine resident larval assemblages were negatively correlated to supersaturated dissolved oxygen concentrations. Greater mean densities of estuarine resident larvae were recorded during hypereutrophic blooms compared to standard blooms and bloom absence and diversity was lower during 2018 when hypereutrophic bloom conditions were more persistent. These changes may have major implications for successful early development of fishes that rely on the Sundays Estuary and similar LIEs as a nursery.
Benchmarking Generations of You Only Look Once Architectures for Detection of Defective and Normal Long Rod Insulators
Authors: Békési Gergő Bendegúz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEffective infrastructure monitoring is a priority in all technical fields in this century. In high-voltage transmission networks, line inspection is one such task. Fault detection of insulators is crucial, and object detection algorithms can handle this problem. This work presents a comparison of You Only Look Once architectures. The different subtypes of the last three generations (v3, v4, and v5) are compared in terms of losses, precision, recall, and mean average precision on an open-source, augmented dataset of normal and defective insulators from the State Grid Corporation of China. The primary focus of this work is a comprehensive subtype analysis, providing a useful resource for academics and industry professionals involved in insulator detection and surveillance projects. This study aims to enhance the monitoring of insulator health and maintenance for industries relying on power grid stability. YOLOv5 subtypes are found to be the most suitable for this computer vision task, considering their mean average precision, which ranges between 98.1 and 99.0%, and a frame per second rate between 27.1 and 212.8, depending on the architecture size. While their predecessors are faster, they are less accurate. It is also discovered that, for all generations, normal-sized and large architectures generally demonstrate better accuracy. However, small architectures are noted for their significantly faster processing speeds.
Impact of Melt Flow and Surface Tension on Gap Bridging During Laser Beam Welding
Authors: Volpp Joerg 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLaser beam welding is an essential technology to enable the transformation to enforce e-mobility. When manufacturing light weight structures like the chassis, precision, speed, quality and low deformation can be expected when using the laser beam as a welding heat source. However, the laser beam is typically used at small dimensions and can fail to transfer its energy to the joining partners when the gap between them becomes large. Beam shaping technologies have developed in the last years to be flexibly used for high-power processes and provide an opportunity to alter the energy input and thereby improve the welding quality and gap bridgability. In this work, multi-spot beam shaping was analyzed using up to nine spots. Experiments were performed using different beam shapes in order to redistribute the energy input, recording the process using high-speed imaging for detection of melt pool dimensions. Those were used as input for a simplified analytical model predicting the process collapse based on the available melt material. Several beam shapes created melt pools that support the material availability behind the keyhole(s). Numerical simulations showed that directed melt flows induced by the keyhole(s) can increase the gap bridgability.
Twelve weeks of combined physical and cognitive intradialytic training preserves alertness and improves gait speed: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bogataj Špela , Pajek Maja , Mesarič Katja Kurnik , Kren Aljaž , Pajek Jernej 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Hemodialysis (HD) patients often experience cognitive deficits and reduced mobility. While studies have shown promising results of physical and/or cognitive training in older adults, their effects in HD patients remain understudied.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week intradialytic training program combining cognitive training with physical exercise on attention domains and spontaneous gait speed (SGS) in HD patients.

Methods
Forty-four HD patients were randomly assigned to either intradialytic cognitive and physical exercise training (EXP group; n = 22) or a standard care control group (CON group; n = 22). The EXP group performed intradialytic cycling and tablet-based cognitive training three days per week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was performance on the computerized test battery ‘Test of Attentional Performance.’ Secondary study outcome was patient mobility assessed by the four-meter SGS. Outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention.

Results
Significant group x time interaction was observed in alertness (F(1,41) = 6.15, p = 0.017) and SGS (F(1,41) = 18.33, p < 0.001) in favor of the EXP group. Within-group analysis revealed a significant pre–post decline in the CON group in alertness test (−26.7 s; p = 0.04) and an improvement of SGS in EXP group (+ 0.07 s; p < 0.001).

Discussion
This original study demonstrated that a combined physical and cognitive intradialytic training intervention led to improvements in SGS and preservation in alertness compared to a deterioration in the CON group.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that the intervention may serve as an effective tool to prevent the physical and cognitive decline in this patient population.
Cheating Automatic Short Answer Grading with the Adversarial Usage of Adjectives and Adverbs
Authors: Filighera Anna , Ochs Sebastian , Steuer Tim , Tregel Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAutomatic grading models are valued for the time and effort saved during the instruction of large student bodies. Especially with the increasing digitization of education and interest in large-scale standardized testing, the popularity of automatic grading has risen to the point where commercial solutions are widely available and used. However, for short answer formats, automatic grading is challenging due to natural language ambiguity and versatility. While automatic short answer grading models are beginning to compare to human performance on some datasets, their robustness, especially to adversarially manipulated data, is questionable. Exploitable vulnerabilities in grading models can have far-reaching consequences ranging from cheating students receiving undeserved credit to undermining automatic grading altogether—even when most predictions are valid. In this paper, we devise a black-box adversarial attack tailored to the educational short answer grading scenario to investigate the grading models’ robustness. In our attack, we insert adjectives and adverbs into natural places of incorrect student answers, fooling the model into predicting them as correct. We observed a loss of prediction accuracy between 10 and 22 percentage points using the state-of-the-art models BERT and T5. While our attack made answers appear less natural to humans in our experiments, it did not significantly increase the graders’ suspicions of cheating. Based on our experiments, we provide recommendations for utilizing automatic grading systems more safely in practice.
Condom Use at Last Sex and Sexual Negotiation Among Young African American Women in North Carolina: Context or Personal Agency
Authors: Osakwe Chukwunomso E. , van der Drift Isa , Opper Claudia A. , Zule William A. , Browne Felicia A. , Wechsberg Wendee M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAfrican American women are 10.8 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV compared with White women. This descriptive study fills a gap by examining associations among social and contextual factors and sexual communication, condom use, and safer sex negotiation among African American women. Study participants between 18 and 25 years of age and who reported recent substance use were recruited from three North Carolina counties. A risk behavior survey was administered via audio computer-assisted self-interview, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between social and contextual variables and condom use at last sex with a main partner. Education (AOR: 2.078; 95% CI: 1.214, 3.556), sexual communication with a main partner (AOR: 1.079; 95% CI: 1.050, 1.109), and condom use relationship scale (AOR: 1.059; 95% CI: 1.023, 1.098) were positively associated with condom use at last sex, whereas living with a main partner (AOR: 0.447; 95% CI: 0.210, 0.950) and the alcohol and drug problem scale (AOR: 0.971; 95% CI: 0.944, 0.998) were negatively associated with condom use (p < 0.05). The study findings show that among young African American women at risk for HIV, contextual and personal factors may influence condom use. A socio-ecological approach combining personal empowerment, interpersonal, structural, and biobehavioral strategies is necessary in implementing holistic gender-focused HIV prevention programs.
Il magnesio, lo ione dimenticato
Authors: Lunetti Stefano , Taus Marina , Arnaldi Giorgio 
Published: July 2023

SommarioIl magnesio è il quarto elemento più abbondante dell’organismo umano e risulta fondamentale per circa l’80% delle reazioni metaboliche intracellulari; è, pertanto, necessario per il corretto sviluppo corporeo, la trasmissione degli impulsi nervosi ma anche per l’utilizzo dell’energia a livello cellulare. Sebbene presente in numerosi alimenti di origine vegetale, la sua quantità e biodisponibilità risulta influenzata da fattori legati alla coltivazione, all’associazione con altri alimenti e ioni: è per questo motivo che diete di tipo “Western” ne risultano spesso carenti, e sono tra le cause di ipomagnesemia. Questa condizione può essere presente in stati para-fisiologici o patologici: patologie metaboliche (Diabete Mellito tipo 2, Sindrome Metabolica), gravidanza, patologie gastrointestinali (diarrea, vomito, fistole) o legate all’intervento nutrizionale (s. da refeeding), così come a numerosi farmaci (inibitori pompa protonica, diuretici, antiriassorbitivi, antidiabetici). La terapia prevede integrazione per e.v. nei casi gravi o a rischio di vita del paziente, integrazione orale (con forme organiche) nei casi meno gravi. L’ipermagnesemia è una condizione più rara, quasi sempre legata all’associazione di insufficienza renale e abuso di magnesio a scopo lassativo, e risulta pericolosa solo per livelli sierici elevati: in questo caso la terapia prevede l’interruzione dell’integrazione, l’idratazione forzata, l’utilizzo di diuretici e, in casi estremi, il ricorso all’emodialisi.
Lifestyles of Older Adults in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain): Influence of Sex, Age, and Habitat
Authors: Portal Martínez Esther , Lirio Castro Juan , Alonso González David , Gómez Ramos José Luis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the quantitative research results of a comprehensive study titled “Current Profile of Older Adults in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).” The study aims to understand and describe the characteristics of individuals aged 65 and above within this autonomous region, with a focus on the variables of sex, age, and habitat. A cross-sectional approach was employed, utilizing quantitative methods to collect data. To gather information, a customized questionnaire was developed to address the study objectives, covering various aspects such as sociodemographic factors, living conditions, leisure activities, social participation, and cultural interests. The survey was conducted via telephone, ensuring representation by employing gender quotas, age-group stratification, and considerations for habitat size. A representative sample of 1,065 participants was included in the study. The findings reveal a degree of homogeneity in the lifestyles of older adults, with discernible variations influenced by factors such as sex, habitat, and age. These results shed light on the diverse habits and experiences of older adults, emphasizing the significance of habitat conditions, social participation, and the aging process.
The Implications of the Russia–Ukraine War on Sustainable Development Goals in Africa
Authors: Mhlanga David , Ndhlovu Emmanuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe existing discourses on the Russia–Ukraine war mainly focus on the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine and the implications for the global economy. There is a lack of policy and scholarly attention to how the war threatens the prospects for realising Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Underpinned by a critical document analysis of secondary sources available in academic and grey literature and focusing on Africa, the article explores various global challenges ensuing from the crisis. It demonstrates how such challenges impact prospects for achieving SDGs in Africa. Using the first two SDGs as an example, the study found that with the disruption of the global supply chain by the war and the international sanctions imposed on Russia, Africa now experiences food commodity and energy shortages, soaring inflation, and commodity price hikes which now threatens to worsen poverty and hunger. The article recommends that Africa prioritise structural change and regional cooperation, reconsidering the global financial system and how development finance is structured and maintaining a steady commitment to building resilience. Future research could be focused on the effectiveness of non-sanctions-based conflict resolutions.
Effects of temperature and leaf wetness duration on pathogens causing preharvest fruit rots on tomato
Authors: Thomidis Thomas , Prodromou Ioanna , Paresidou Maria , Damos Petros 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPreharvest fruit rots are serious tomato diseases. This study showed that Botrytis cinerea was a significant problem, and that Alternaria (A. alternata, A. solani) was the main pathogen identified from tomatoes showing the symptoms of preharvest fruit rots. Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani were also found causing important preharvest fruit rots in tomatoes. This is the first time F. oxysporum and R. solani have been identified in Greece as pathogens causing preharvest fruit rots on tomatoes. The optimal temperatures for A. alternata, A. solani, B. cinerea, and F. oxysporum mycelial growth and conidial germination were generally found to be between 20 and 30 °C, while the wetness duration of 24 hours seemed to be optimal for conidial germination and 84 hours for R. solani sclerotial germination. Based on the above findings, logistic regression models that adequately described the impact of pre-inoculation temperature and wetness on infection incidence in tomato fruit can be created. As the minimum, maximum, optimal temperatures and wetness duration are generally similar for the main pathogens causing preharvest fruit rots in tomato, it is possibly to develop a predicting predictive model to forecast the preharvest infection of tomato fruit. So enabling advice to be given to growers to when control methods should be applied.
Assessment of reliability and validity of a handheld surface spine scanner for measuring trunk rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Wei Jack Z. , Cheung Berry K. C. , Chu Sunny L. H. , Tsang Parker Y. L. , To Michael K. T. , Lau Johnson Y. N. , Cheung Kenneth M. C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the reliability and validity of a handheld scanner (SpineScan3D) for trunk rotation measurement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) subjects, as compared with Scoliometer.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study with AIS subjects recruited. Biplanar spine radiographs were performed using an EOS imaging system with coronal Cobb angle (CCA) determined. The angle of trunk rotation (ATR) was measured using Scoliometer. SpineScan3D was employed to assess the axial rotation of subjects’ back at forward bending, recorded as surface tilt angle (STA). Intra- and inter-examiner repeats were conducted to evaluate the reliability of SpineScan3D.

Results
97 AIS patients were recruited. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of STA measures were good to excellent in major thoracic and lumbar curves (p < 0.001). A strong correlation was found between STA and ATR measures in both curve types (p < 0.001) with a standard error of the ATR estimate of between 1 and 2 degrees from linear regression models (R squared: 0.8–0.9, p < 0.001). A similar correlation with CCA was found for STA and ATR measures (r: 0.5–0.6, p < 0.002), which also demonstrated a similar sensitivity (72%-74%) and specificity (62%-77%) for diagnosing moderate to severe curves.

Conclusion
SpineScan3D is a handheld surface scanner with a potential of wide applications in subjects with AIS. The current study indicated that SpineScan3D is reliable and valid for measuring trunk rotation in AIS subjects, comparable to Scoliometer. Further studies are planned to investigate its measurements in coronal and sagittal planes and the potential of this device as a screening and monitoring tool.

Trial registration number (date of registration)
HKUCTR-2288 (06 Dec 2017).

Level of evidence
Level III.