bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiologic pattern of carpal tunnel syndrome among patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Authors: Habib Rumana , Alam Dilruba , Shiblee Shafayat Islam 
Published: September 2023

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compression neuropathy in the upper limb in general population. Female gender, obesity, increase of age, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypothyroidism, pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and occupational factors like repetitive work are the main risk factors for CTS. The objective of this study was to determine whether the nerve conduction study measurement of the median nerve (MN) at the wrist differ between diabetic and non-diabetic CTS patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Electrodiagnostic Lab of BIRDEM General Hospital and Popular Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of October 2017 to August 2019. Five hundred and seventeen hands from 377 patients were sampled according to inclusion criteria. Participants were assigned to two groups: Group 1 (CTS with DM) and Group 2 (CTS without DM). NCS study were performed using Nihon Kohden electrodiagnostic machine. Measurements at the MN was taken under consideration for study. Severity of CTS was graded according to Canterbury electrophysiologic grading scale and parameters were compared among diabetic and non-diabetic participants. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: The 377 participants comprised 144 and 233 in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Out of 377 patients, 334 (88.59%) were females and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. The average age was 50.66±10.2 years in diabetic participants and 43.34±10.7 years in non- diabetic participants. In the study population moderate CTS (Grade 3) was the most frequent (46.4%) followed by very severe (Grade 5) CTS. There was no statistically significant difference in incidence between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Analysis of electrophysologic parameters of MN showed statistically significant difference in mean MN sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude (P 0.003), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude (p 0.05, right) and CMAP latency (p 0.02, right and 0.05, left) between diabetic and non –diabetic patients. Inter-group comparison revealed that impaired glycaemic status and duration of diabetes in diabetic population had a minimal influence in the electrophysiological severity of CTS in either hands.
Conclusion: Some nerve conduction study parameters of the MN differ significantly between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with CTS and may provide both diagnostic and predictive results across the entire spectrum of CTS.
BIRDEM Med J 2023; 13(3): 136-142
Retrospective Study on Intra-cervical Fistula and the Preferable Routes of Repair
Authors: Begum Bilkis , Sumaiya A 
Published: September 2023

Genitourinary fistula has a devastating impact on women’s health. In the developing countries, the most common cause is obstetrical which may occur following obstructed labor or operative injury. The study was designed to analyze 13 rare cases of intra-cervical fistula and preferable routes of repair. The study period was from December 2013 up to November 2021 at four different hospitals in Bangladesh. A standard data collection sheet was used to record important pre, per and post-operative information. All 13 cases were multipara and were delivered by caesarean section. Approaches to repair the fistula were vaginally and abdomino-vaginally. All the 13 cases were primarily closed successfully. The conclusion is that although the vaginal route is preferred in most of the cases but the route of repair should be determined by accessibility of the fistula tract.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2022; Vol. 37(1): 24-27
Morphological Changes in the Endothelium of Cornea after Cataract Surgery: A Comparison between Phacoemulsification and Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Mahbubul , Kajmina Natasha , Begum Hasiba 
Published: September 2023

Background: Endothelial cell loss and corneal decompensation after cataract surgery is well-documented. After endothelial cell loss, the adjacent cells enlarge and slide over to maintain endothelial cell continuity, which is observed as a change in the endothelial cell density and morphology of the cornea.
Objective: The study aims to assess and compare morphological changes (i.e., endothelial cell loss) in cornea after phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with PCIOL implantation.
Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January and July of 2016. A total of 80 patients of age-related cataract were randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation pre- and post-operatively (at day 1, after 1 week and 3 months) specifically for observation of the endothelial changes in cornea. Specular microscopy was done to assess corneal endothelial change.
Results: The mean endothelial cell count was found decreased at day 1 (2585.07±355.65/mm2 vs. 2598.07±385.76/mm2), after 1 week (2564.72±347.23/mm2 vs. 2388.77±326.46/mm2) and after 3 months (2476.72±346.69/mm2 vs. 2248.77±354.47/mm2) following phacoemulsification and MSICS from their preoperative values (2745.35±395.27/mm2 vs. 2673.04±388.28/mm2) respectively. However, no significant difference was observed in mean endothelial cell count of both groups (P>0.05). The mean percentage of endothelial cell loss were observed 5.84±10.02% and 2.80±0.65% at day 1, 6.58±12.15% and 10.63±15.92% at 1 week, 9.78±12.29% and 15.87±8.71% at 3 months after phacoemulsification and MSICS. However, the difference observed in amount of endothelial cell loss between the groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: To summarize, a decreased endothelial cell count was observed after cataract surgery in both phacoemulsification and MSICS procedures from their preoperative values respectively. However, the difference was not significant between two procedures.
Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 11-15
Oncocytoma: A Mystifying Parotid Gland Tumour
Authors: Mamun Md Abdullah Al , Islam Md Rabiul , Majumder Riashat Azim , Amin Mohammad Nurul , Anowar Md Asif , Mahbub Md Rashid E , Ashaduzzaman Mohmmad 
Published: September 2023

Oncocytoma is a rare salivary gland tumor consisting of oncocytes with many hyperplastic mitochondria. It usually occurs in the parotid gland. Very few cases of parotid oncocytoma have been reported in literature. Because of its rarity (<1-2% of salivary gland tumors) and clinical presentation of the tumor. Clinical diagnosis is often challenging due to the likeness of oncocytoma to other benign and low-grade malignant salivary gland tumors there is a tendency among the clinicians to misdiagnose it as pleomorphic adenoma, hemangioma, or other forms of oncocytosis. Previously published articles had all agreed on the reality of this lesion occurring over the parotid gland. The paper aims to review previously published cases of oncoytoma to provide a better insight regarding demographic, clinicopathological, radiological and histological features of this rare tumor of parotid gland. A systemic review of English literature was performed after using a sensitive search strategy involving two different databases: google scholar and PubMed. A total number of 9 cases were included. The tumour is mostly presented in old age as a slowly growing tumour (mean duration 3.17 years) and showed a slightly higher female predominance (Female:Male=1.25:1). They were mostly located over superficial lobe,100%. Conventional histological variant has only been reported. Complete surgical excision was performed for all the cases without any reports of recurrence or malignant transformation. Imaging studies diagnosed the lesion as a benign tumor. Only histopathological examination can confirm it. Definitive histology examination concludes to oncocytoma. Furthermore, our aim is to bring to the forefront how these lesions require a comprehensive workup and how to choose the best treatment strategy.
Mugda Med Coll J. 2023; 6(1): 30-36
Pengaruh Fermentasi Kangkung Air (Ipomoea aquatica forsk) Sebagai Campuran Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Itik Peking
Authors: Sauki Ahmad , Istyadji Maya , Hafizah Ellyna 
Published: September 2023

Kangkung air dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan itik peking(Anas platyrhyncos domestica) karena memiliki banyak kadar nutrisi seperti protein, karbohidrat, kadar air, kadar abu dan serat kasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui kandungan protein, karbohidrat, serat kasar, kadar abu dan kadar air yang dihasilkan dari kangkung sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi setelah menjadi pakan. (2) Mengetahui formulasi yang optimal dengan kandungan nutrisi yang baik untuk pembuatan pakan ternak itik peking (Anas platyrhyncos domestica). (3) Mengetahui perkembangan berat/massa itik peking (Anas platyrhyncos domestica). Jenis/Model penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian eksperimental. Semua data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dianalis dengan analisis variansi berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil kesimpulan berupa (1) kandungan pakan yang optimal kadar air 14.91% kadar abu 5.06% protein 19.6% karbohidrat 27.27% dan serat kasar 4.97%. (2) dengan formulasi pakan dedak 40% dan fermentasi kangkung 60% menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang optimal. (3) hasil perkembangan itik yang optimal yang di dapat adalah P1 dengan berat rata-rata 1039.56 gr. Penelitian ini memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan itik peking (Anas platyrhyncos domestica).
Airway epithelial cells mount an early response to mycobacterial infection
Authors: Barclay Amy M. , Ninaber Dennis K. , van Veen Suzanne , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , van der Does Anne M. , Joosten Simone A. 
Published: September 2023

Lung epithelial cells represent the first line of host defence against foreign inhaled components, including respiratory pathogens. Their responses to these exposures may direct subsequent immune activation to these pathogens. The epithelial response to mycobacterial infections is not well characterized and may provide clues to why some mycobacterial infections are cleared, while others are persistent and pathogenic. We have utilized an air-liquid interface model of human primary bronchial epithelial cells (ALI-PBEC) to investigate the epithelial response to infection with a variety of mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), M. bovis (BCG), M. avium, and M. smegmatis. Airway epithelial cells were found to be infected by all four species, albeit at low frequencies. The proportion of infected epithelial cells was lowest for Mtb and highest for M. avium. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a common epithelial host response to mycobacteria, including upregulation of BIRC3, S100A8 and DEFB4, and downregulation of BPIFB1 at 48 h post infection. Apical secretions contained predominantly pro-inflammatory cytokines, while basal secretions contained tissue growth factors and chemokines. Finally, we show that neutrophils were attracted to both apical and basal secretions of infected ALI-PBEC. Neutrophils were attracted in high numbers to apical secretions from PBEC infected with all mycobacteria, with the exception of secretions from M. avium-infected ALI-PBEC. Taken together, our results show that airway epithelial cells are differentially infected by mycobacteria, and react rapidly by upregulation of antimicrobials, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which directly attract neutrophils. Thus, the airway epithelium may be an important immunological component in controlling and regulating mycobacterial infections.
Myocardial oxidative stress is increased in early reperfusion, but systemic antioxidative therapy does not prevent ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias in pigs
Authors: Haugsten Hansen Marie , Sadredini Mani , Hasic Almira , Eriksen Morten , Stokke Mathis Korseberg 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundArrhythmias in the early phase of reperfusion after myocardial infarction (MI) are common, and can lead to hemodynamic instability or even cardiac arrest. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to play a key role in the underlying mechanisms, but evidence from large animal models is scarce, and effects of systemic antioxidative treatment remain contentious.MethodsMI was induced in 7 male and 7 female pigs (Norwegian landrace, 35–40 kg) by clamping of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) during open thorax surgery. Ischemia was maintained for 90 min, before observation for 1 h after reperfusion. Pigs were randomized 1:1 in an operator-blinded fashion to receive either i.v. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) from 70 min of ischemia and onwards, or 0.9% NaCl as a control. Blood samples and tissue biopsies were collected at baseline, 60 min of ischemia, and 5 and 60 min of reperfusion. ECG and invasive blood pressure were monitored throughout.ResultsThe protocol was completed in 11 pigs. Oxidative stress, as indicated by immunoblotting for Malondialdehyde in myocardial biopsies, was increased at 5 min of reperfusion compared to baseline, but not at 60 min of reperfusion, and not reduced with NAC. We found no significant differences in circulating biomarkers of myocardial necrosis, nor in the incidence of idioventricular rhythm (IVR), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) between NAC-treated and control pigs during reperfusion.ConclusionMyocardial oxidation was increased early after reperfusion in a porcine model of MI, but systemic antioxidative treatment did not protect against reperfusion arrhythmias.
IL-10 predicts the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure combined with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Liu Linxiang , Xiao Nanxi , Chen Peng , Zhu Xuan 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is common in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). The prognostic value of interleukin-related serum markers for patients with ACLF is coming to the fore. However, there is an unmet need to predict the survival of such patients. We aimed to analyze the independent predictors of 28- and 90-day mortality in HBV-ACLF patients with SBP.MethodsThis was a retrospective study that included 368 patients with HBV-ACLF. In the SBP group, logistic regression analysis was used to understand the independent predictors of mortality at 28-day and 90-day. The accuracy of prediction was analyzed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Finally, decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to determine the clinical utility value.ResultsInterleukin 10 (IL-10) levels were statistically significantly different between the HBV-ACLF group with SBP and without. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum sodium, IL-10 and vasoactive drug treatment were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. International normalized ratio (INR), AST and IL-10 were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality. IL-10 combined with the Chinese Severe Hepatitis B Study Group-ACLF II score (COSH-ACLF IIs) had excellent performance in predicting 28- and 90-day mortality (AUCs: 0.848 and 0.823, respectively). DCA analysis suggests promising clinical utility.ConclusionIL-10 is an independent predictor of mortality at 28- and 90-day in HBV-ACLF patients with SBP and predictive performance is improved when combined with COSH-ACLF IIs.
Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and 28 days mortality in elderly patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Ling , Lu Xiuhong , Qin Shuangwen , Huang Debin 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThere is a significant controversy surrounding the impact of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) on mortality among elderly septic patients. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between GNRI at admission and 28 days mortality in elderly septic patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data collected from the MIMIC IV database between 2009 and 2019, which included 2,834 septic patients aged 65 years and above. The exposure variable was the GNRI, determined according to albumin levels, height, and weight. The primary outcome was 28 days mortality. We employed multivariable Cox regression analyses and Kaplan–Meier survival curves to examine the association between GNRI and 28 days mortality. We used restricted cubic splines to determine if there was a non-linear relationship between 28 days mortality and GNRI in elderly patients with sepsis and to examine the presence of a threshold saturation effect. In addition, interaction tests were conducted to identify subgroups that exhibited significant differences.ResultsA total of 2,834 elderly patients with sepsis participated in the study. Following adjustment, multivariable Cox regression analyses demonstrated that the GNRI was related to 28 days mortality (HR = 0.97, p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI: 0.97–0.98). An L-shaped connection between GNRI and 28 days mortality was discovered via restricted cubic spline analysis, with an inflection point of 98.1. On the left side of the inflection point, GNRI levels were significantly negatively linked with 28 days mortality (HR = 0.967, 95% CI: 0.959–0.974; p &lt; 0.001), and on the right side, there was no significant correlation (HR = 1.043, 95% CI: 0.984–1.106; p = 0.1549).ConclusionIn this analysis of data from a large cohort of elderly septic patients, GNRI scores on admission were correlated with a 28 days risk of death from sepsis in the elderly suggesting that GNRI scores could serve as a valuable indicator for evaluating mortality rates among elderly septic patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
An increase in erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from blood correlates with the use of macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin antibiotics. EARS-Net Spain (2004–2020)
Authors: El Mammery Achraf , Ramírez de Arellano Eva , Cañada-García Javier E. , Cercenado Emilia , Villar-Gómara Laura , Casquero-García Verónica , García-Cobos Silvia , Lepe José Antonio , Ruiz de Gopegui Bordes Enrique , Calvo-Montes Jorge , Larrosa Escartín Nieves , Cantón Rafael , Pérez-Vázquez María , Aracil Belén , Oteo-Iglesias Jesús 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo describe and analyse erythromycin resistance trends in blood isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (EARS-Net Spain, 2004–2020) and the association of these trends with the consumption of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics. To assess molecular changes that could be involved in erythromycin resistance trends by whole genome analysis of representative isolates.Materials and methodsWe collected antibiotic susceptibility data for all first-blood S. aureus isolates in patients from 47 Spanish hospitals according to EARS-Net criteria. MLSB antibiotic consumption was obtained from the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (2008–2020). We sequenced 137 representative isolates for core genome multilocus sequence typing, resistome and virulome analysis.ResultsFor the 36,612 invasive S. aureus isolates, methicillin resistance decreased from 26.4% in 2004 to 22.4% in 2020. Erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) increased from 13.6% in 2004 to 28.9% in 2020 (p &lt; 0.001); however, it decreased from 68.7 to 61.8% (p &lt; 0.0001) in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Total consumption of MLSB antibiotics increased from 2.72 defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) in 2014 to 3.24 DID in 2016. By WGS, the macrolide resistance genes detected were erm (59.8%), msrA (46%), and mphC (45.2%). The erm genes were more prevalent in MSSA (44/57, 77.2%) than in MRSA (38/80, 47.5%). Most of the erm genes identified in MSSA after 2013 differed from the predominant ermC gene (17/22, 77.3%), largely because ermT was significantly associated with MSSA after 2013 (11/29, 37.9%). All 13 ermT isolates in this study, except one, belonged to ST398 and came from 10 hospitals and six Spanish provinces.ConclusionThe significant increase in erythromycin resistance in blood MSSA correlated with the consumption of the MLSB antibiotics in Spain. These preliminary data seem support the hypothesis that the human ST398 MSSA clade with ermT-mediated resistance to erythromycin may be involved in this trend.
The two-component system CpxAR is required for the high potassium stress survival of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Wan Jiajia , Zhang Rui , Jia Yizhen , Xie Tingting , Dai Lu , Yao Qing , Zhang Wendie , Xiao Huasong , Gao Xuejun , Huang Jing , Bei Weicheng , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen, which can cause porcine contagious pleuropneumonia and lead to great economic losses to worldwide swine industry. High potassium is an adverse environment for bacteria, which is not conducive to providing turgor pressure for cell growth and division. Two-component system CpxAR is an important regulatory system of bacteria in response to environmental changes, which is involved in a variety of biological activities, such as antibiotic resistance, periplasmic protein folding, peptidoglycan metabolism and so on.MethodsHowever, little is known about the role of CpxAR in high potassium stress in A. pleuropneumoniae. Here, we showed that CpxAR is critical for cell division of A. pleuropneumoniae under high potassium (K+) stress.ResultsqRT-PCR analysis found that CpxAR positively regulated the cell division genes ftsEX. In addition, we also demonstrated that CpxR-P could directly bind the promoter region of the cell division gene ftsE by EMSA.DiscussionIn conclusion, our results described a mechanism where CpxAR adjusts A. pleuropneumoniae survival under high-K+ stress by upregulating the expression of the cell division proteins FtsE and FtsX. These findings are the first to directly demonstrate CpxAR-mediated high-K+ tolerance, and to investigate the detailed molecular mechanism.