bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO-CREATING WITH OLDER PEOPLE CULTURALLY SENSITIVE INCLUSION/EXCLUSION MEASURES
Authors: Waldegrave Charles , Cunningham Chris , Love Catherine , Mercury Monica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper demonstrates a research approach to co-creating social and wellbeing indicator scales through a qualitative methodology, and then applying them in survey format to develop quantitative statistical correlation and regression analysis. We have been co-creating with older Māori (indigenous New Zealanders) a range of scales that more adequately address their notions of wellbeing, social connection, loneliness, discrimination, abuse, and neighbourhood wellbeing than the standard universal scales commonly used in most research. They are designed to be much more inclusive of participants’ worldview and provide more authentic and accurate evidence for policy making and service provision. They draw on the knowledge and experience of the participant communities and reflect their understanding of the indicators. We compare the results with the more common universal indicators and highlight both the universal aspects of each indicator and the culturally specific features to provide more fine-tuned results for policy making and service provision.
THE COVID-19 EFFECT: ADAPTING FAMILY CARE TO A PANDEMIC CONTEXT
Authors: Leggett Amanda , Gitlin Laura 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic carries risk for severe complications and mortality among older adults, placing their family caregivers in key support roles in helping their care recipients stay safe, maintain function, and abide by preventative recommendations. Yet such preventative safety precautions, changes to social support structures, and impacts on healthcare access may pose challenges with which caregivers must cope. This symposium considers how family caregivers adapted their care practices and adjusted to care-related challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, Dr. Amanda Leggett presents data on pandemic-specific care-related challenges and supports experienced by dementia caregivers and their association with well-being and stress process outcomes. Ms. Sara Masoud shares mixed-methods data from persons living with dementia, caregivers, and healthcare professionals on their health and quality of life during the pandemic. Mr. Jiaming Liang presents dyadic findings from the National Study of Caregiving on persons living with dementia and their caregivers’ perceptions of COVID-19 and personal and social COVID-specific preventative behaviors. Finally, Dr. Sheria Robinson-Lane offers a diverse caregiving perspective by presenting dyadic qualitative data on COVID-19 patients who were intubated in the hospital and their family caregiver, and offering themes on how caregivers adjusted to their new care role. To conclude, our discussant Dr. Laura Gitlin will offer insight on cross-cutting implications across studies and offer perspective on how lessons learned through pandemic caregiving may inform the field more broadly and enhance caregiver well-being beyond pandemic contexts.
CHANGE IN PARENTAL DISABILITY AND INTERGENERATIONAL AMBIVALENCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF APPRAISAL
Authors: Koumoutzis Athena , Cichy Kelly , Kinney Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adult children often report intergenerational ambivalence (i.e., positive and negative sentiments toward their parents) that may be exacerbated when parents need increasing support. Evaluations or appraisal of providing support may mediate the links between stress and outcomes. Using structural equation modeling, we assessed the relationship between change in parental disability and intergenerational ambivalence through adults’ perceptions of the stress and reward of providing help to parents. Participants included 369 adults (32% Black, 68% White) who provided information on 478 parents from Waves I and II of the Family Exchanges Study. The association between change in parental disability and intergenerational ambivalence was explained through stress appraisal; greater parental disability led to higher stress appraisal which led, in turn, to greater intergenerational ambivalence. The model did not significantly differ by race. Results show that stress, rather than reward, appraisal is an essential factor in determining relationship quality as parental care needs emerge.
THE ROLE OF GENDER IN FATHERS' AND MOTHERS' PREFERENCES FOR FUTURE ADULT CHILDREN CAREGIVERS
Authors: Meinertz Naomi , Gilligan Megan , Suitor J Jill 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous caregiving research has focused on a single care recipient; however, no research has explored the potential simultaneous care needs of fathers and mothers in the same family. Drawing from gender role theory, we use qualitative data from 76 spousal dyads from the Within-Family Differences Study to compare fathers’ and mothers’ explanations of which adult child they prefer as their future caregiver. In 72% of families, fathers and mothers did not share the same care preferences suggesting that care preferences are dispersed among multiple adult children within the same family. In families in which fathers and mothers shared care preferences, 75% chose the same daughter. Additional findings showed that fathers’ explanations for a preferred caregiver aligned with mothers’ explanations; however, differences were identified based on children’s gender. These findings shed light on the similarities and differences in parental care preferences and underscore the influence of gender in family care networks.
UNDERSTANDING MOBILITY, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS USING SENSING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Röcke Christina , Luo Minxia , Wahl Hans-Werner 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mobility has been identified as one important ingredient to older adults’ health and well-being and is considered a high priority in the global agenda of healthy and active aging. However, mobility is still a relatively understudied concept in aging research. This symposium, including three empirical studies and one concept paper, presents how different sensing technologies can be utilized to examine mobility, health and well-being in older adults. Using infrared motion sensors and contact sensors, Wu and colleagues examine indoor mobility and show its associations with physical, cognitive, and mental health in community-dwelling older adults living alone. Luo and colleagues use a custom-built mobile GPS sensor and a smartphone-based ambulatory assessment to examine daily mobility and well-being in community-dwelling older adults. They find that a day with larger life space area, more time spent in passive transport modes, and higher number of different locations is associated with higher daily life satisfaction. Similarly, using a GPS sensor combined with a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment, Kamalyan and colleagues examine life-space mobility, social interactions, and well-being in older adults with and without HIV. They show that prior day’s at-home time is negatively associated with current day’s happiness and that prior day’s social interactions diminishes this association. Jansen presents a project combining sensor-based movement data, GPS-based geolocation data, and experience sampling to investigate relations between life-space mobility and social participation and the role of cultural and climatic differences across several European countries. Hans-Werner Wahl will discuss all papers from an ecological and contextualized aging perspective.
WHY LOOKING AT THE FUTURE? FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL TO CONTEXTUAL MOTIVATORS
Authors: Kim-Knauss Yaeji , Lang Frieder , Hoppmann Christiane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human beings can represent future events, anticipate future consequences, and act in light of those representations to achieve the most favorable outcomes in the future. Although future-oriented thoughts or behaviors concern distant and delayed rewards than the present and instant ones, their roles in people’s well-being and successful aging have been well-reported. Therefore, what motivates or differentiates such future-oriented thoughts and behaviors has been a central focus in developmental psychology. With a particular interest in future-oriented phenomena regarding age and aging, we look at the roles of psychological or contextual factors that drive views on aging and old-age preparation. Cohn-Schwartz et al. examine how having contacts with older adults benefits self-views on aging via changes in aging stereotypes. Park & Hess explore how importance attached to functioning and perceived control over functioning in different domains predict old-age preparation and compare patterns across different age groups. Fung et al. propose that perceived control, self-relevance, and responsibility for old-age preparation could mediate the well-reported cultural differences in old-age preparation. Rupprecht et al. investigate the adaptivity of approach and avoidance motivation in old-age preparation across different life domains, cultures, and age groups. Kim-Knauss & Lang looks at how the experience of social restrictions during the pandemic functions as a ‘wake-up call’ and thus induces people to engage in old-age preparation. Taken together, we suggest that various psychological appraisals and contexts shape future-oriented thoughts and behaviors, but these may vary across cultures, age groups, and target domains.
PANDEMIC-RELATED SOCIAL RESTRICTIONS INCREASED THE URGENCY AND ENGAGEMENT IN OLD-AGE PREPARATION
Authors: Kim-Knauss Yaeji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigated whether people who perceive more restrictions on social contacts during the pandemic set an earlier deadline to prepare for social connectedness in old age (i.e., the latest still good age to start preparation) than they had perceived in the pre-pandemic time. We also looked at whether this change in the deadline induces the engagement in the preparation concerning the same domain. We first fit the data obtained from 356 German adults in 2018 and 2020 (aged 22─95 years) to a change score model. The deadline for preparing for social connectedness in old age was set about 23 years earlier in 2020 compared to that reported in 2018. We found that perceiving more social restrictions during the pandemic predicted this shorter deadline, which in turn, induced greater engagement in the preparation. A possible consequence of the pandemic may be related to an increased motivation to prepare for old age.
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: CURRENT STATUS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACTION
Authors: Omura John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 2021, the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease included a new goal to address risk factors for ADRD. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) assesses several modifiable risk factors in its core survey and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), which may be an early indicator of developing ADRD, in the optional Cognitive Decline module. To assess the current status of modifiable risk factors in the US and identify opportunities for public health action, data from the 2019 BRFSS were examined. Prevalence of eight modifiable risk factors for ADRD and proportion of respondents with total number of risk factors was estimated among respondents aged ≥45 years, overall, by SCD status, and by selected demographic characteristics. Findings can inform strategies and priorities to support the National Plan’s new goal to reduce modifiable risk factors to help delay onset or slow progression of ADRD and its symptoms.
EARLY-LIFE PROTEIN TRANSLATION SPIKE DRIVES AGING VIA JUVENILE HORMONE/GERMLINE STEM CELL SIGNALING
Authors: Kim Harper , Parker Danitra , Hardiman Madison , Munkácsy Erin , Austad Steven , Bai Yi-dong , Mobley James , Pickering Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Protein translation (PT) is high in early-adulthood across invertebrates, rodents, and humans but sharply declines thereafter. It has been implicitly assumed that elevated PT at young ages is beneficial to health and PT ends up dropping as a passive byproduct of aging. However, whether this holds true and how dynamic fluctuations in PT over time impact aging remain unknown. In Drosophila, we show that a transient PT spike in early-adulthood exerts long-lasting negative impacts on aging trajectories and proteostasis in later-life. Conversely, blocking the early-life PT spike robustly improves life-/health-span and prevents age-related protein aggregation. Further, greater early-life PT rise strongly predicts shorter future lifespan across fly strains and is observed in neurodegenerative disorders long before symptoms/pathologies appear. Proteomics-guided investigations revealed that during the early-adulthood PT rise, juvenile hormone triggers proteostatic dysfunction and drives aging via aggregation-prone large lipid transfer proteins. The early-life PT spike also transcriptionally represses stress responses essential for proteostasis maintenance and drives aging via germline stem cell signaling. Our findings suggest that PT is thereby suppressed after early-adulthood as an adaptive response to alleviate proteostatic burden, slow down aging, and optimize life-/health-span. We thus propose that the rise and fall in PT over time impact aging in the opposite direction from what was previously assumed. Our work provides a novel theoretical framework for understanding how lifetime PT dynamics regulate the onset of aging. Further, our study provides a foundation for future research, including whether high early-life PT spike is an early biological event driving neurodegeneration/age-related diseases.
DEMENTIA TRAJECTORIES, MEDICAID COVERAGE, AND HEALTHCARE SERVICES USE
Authors: Tarraf Wassim , Garcia Marc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The evidence base linking dementia risk trajectories to transitions in Medicaid coverage and levels of health services is underdeveloped. We use Health and Retirement Study (2007/08-2015/16) data on adults 70-years and older (Unweighted N=8,227) at baseline to test how longitudinal dementia classifications (Langa-Weir), over 8-years, influence change in Medicaid coverage, nursing-home use (NHU) and inpatient hospitalizations (IH). We fit Joint Growth and Discrete-time Survival Mixture models to generate longitudinal risk classifications for dementia accounting for survival, and generalized linear models to test associations of these classifications with change in Medicaid coverage, NHU, and IH. Average baseline age was 78.4 years (SD=7.1), 3-in-5 were female, 1-in-4 had less than high school education, and 4-in-5 were non-Hispanic Whites. A three-class solution (C1=high dementia prevalence and mortality risk (8.6%), C2=low prevalence (68.3%), and C3=accelerated dementia prevalence and mortality risk (23.1%)) provided the best fit to the data. We observed substantial increase in rates of for Medicaid coverage for C1 (21%; 95%CI=[18-25] to 51%[36-65] among survivors) and C3 (12%; 95%CI=[10-14] to 32%[27-37]), but not C2 (6% to 8%). NHU also accelerated substantially from 10 to 37% in C1 and 7 to 38% in C2. Rates of inpatient hospitalizations remained stable over time for all groups, with C1 and C2 being more likely to be hospitalized and have multiple re-admissions. Estimates were differentially attenuated through adjustment to covariables. We report important longitudinal dementia risk classifications, profile their socioeconomic and health attributes, and identify differential associations with critical health policy outcomes (Medicaid coverage and healthcare utilization).
ADVANCING RESEARCH ON PERSON-CENTERED COMMUNICATION IN DEMENTIA CARE
Authors: Shaw Clarissa , Coleman Carissa , Savundranayagam Marie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Communication is an essential component to achieving person-centered care. However, few measures exist for measuring person-centered communication and methods vary widely on measuring communication. The purpose of this symposium is to provide an overview of methods and recent findings related to research on person-centered communication. Four presentations will highlight a variety of methods and a variety of populations. Presentation one compares the congruence of communication by hospital nurses in a simulated care setting to communication during actual care encounters with hospitalized patients with dementia. Presentation two evaluates the impact of validation by family caregivers to persons living with dementia (PLWD) using a time sequential analysis of second-by-second coding of the caregiver’s communication and the PLWD behavioral response. Presentation three introduces the Changing Talk Scale (CHATS) as a tool to measure gains in knowledge of person-centered communication in the nursing home setting. Presentation four determines the impact of person-centered care versus task-centered care on mealtime behaviors in nursing home residents with dementia using a psychometrically established behavioral coding scheme and time-sequential approaches. Communication strategies to use with PLWD frequently lack sufficient evidence to be deemed effective or person-centered. Advanced methods are needed to understand what constitutes person-centered communication based on behavioral responses and other health outcomes off PLWD. This symposium provides an overview of these methods with formal and informal caregivers and PLWD in varied care settings including the community, hospitals, and nursing homes.
ESTABLISHING THE VALIDITY OF SIMULATION TO CAPTURE ELDERSPEAK COMMUNICATION IN DEMENTIA CARE
Authors: Shaw Clarissa , Knox Katie , Bair Heather , Watkinson Erica , Weeks Delaney , Hanson Paige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using simulation may be an innovative approach for evaluating dementia care in research and education. The purpose of this study was to determine if communication in the simulated environment is congruent to communication in the naturalistic environment. Nursing staff (n=10) were each audio-recorded caring for an actual hospitalized person living with dementia (PLWD), and in three simulations evaluating the use of a manikin, young nursing assistant, and trained older adult standardized patient acting as the PLWD. The audio-recordings were coded for elderspeak (i.e., infantilizing) communication. Reactions to each simulation were gathered and qualitatively analyzed. The amount of elderspeak and neutral communication in the actual care encounters did not significantly differ (p&gt;.05) from the communication in any of the three simulations indicating that simulation may be a valid method to capture elderspeak by nursing staff. The nursing staff indicated that the standardized patient provided the most realistic simulation.
THE CHANGING TALK SCALE (CHATS): A TOOL TO MEASURE GAINS IN KNOWLEDGE OF PERSON-CENTERED COMMUNICATION
Authors: Perkhounkova Yelena , Shaw Clarissa , Hein Maria , Coleman Carissa , Williams Kristine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Assessment of knowledge gain from educational interventions is common in health care research. However, validity of tools developed to measure knowledge gains is often overlooked. For our current pragmatic clinical trial, we developed two 13-item parallel forms of the Changing Talk Scale (CHATS) to measure gains in knowledge of effective and person-centered communication due to the Changing Talk Online (CHATO) communication education for nursing home staff. This has been a multi-year, multi-study process of writing and editing test items in accordance with CHATO learning objectives and results of psychometric analyses of pilot data. Items were revised based on difficulty and discrimination. The tool has improved from an initial Cronbach’s alpha of .27 (pre-education) and .14 (post-education) to .63 (pre-education) and .64 (post-education). CHATS provides an exemplar of how measuring change in knowledge is a complex process that needs to be rigorously completed to accurately capture outcomes.
VISUAL IMPAIRMENT PREDICTS PHYSICAL FUNCTION DECLINE: THE HEALTH, AGING, AND BODY COMPOSITION (HEALTH ABC) STUDY
Authors: Thompson Atalie , Miller Michael , Webb Christopher , Williamson Jeff , Kritchevsky Stephen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relationship between visual impairment (VI) and decline in physical function with age is poorly understood. We constructed separate linear mixed models to evaluate the relationship of self-reported (visual function question (VFQ) score) or performance-based (visual acuity (VA); log contrast sensitivity (LCS); stereoacuity (SA)) VI with change in performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) over 8 years in 2219 Health ABC participants. Mean age was 75.5 years (range 71-82); 52.4% were female, and 37.4% were black. For all measures of visual function, better vision was associated with loss of approximately -0.3 SPPB units/year which was similar to the unadjusted change in SPPB over time (-0.328 units/year 95%CI (-0.35, -0.31)). Participants with LCS ≤1.3 log units experienced 58% faster rate of decline versus those with better LCS (test of difference in slopes p&lt; 0.0001). Those with poor VA ≥20/50 showed a 50% greater decline in SPPB (p=0.0029), and those with low SA ≤85 arcsec demonstrated a 33% faster decline (p&lt; 0.001) relative to those with better visual function. Compared to the slope at the mean VFQ score, a 1 standard deviation lower score was associated with 23% greater decline in SPPB (p&lt; 0.0001). The difference in SPPB slopes remained significant across VI measures after adjusting for longitudinal decline associated with age, sex, and black race (all p&lt; 0.05). Both self-reported and performance-based VI predicted faster declines in SPPB over time. Whether older adults with VI might benefit from targeted intervention to prevent declining mobility function remains to be evaluated.
THE SHIFTING SOCIAL NETWORKS OF OLDER ADULTS: AN ANALYSIS OF VARYING TYPOLOGY BY RACE/ETHNICITY
Authors: Piedra Lissette , Iveniuk James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We explored whether network groupings change over time, and how they vary by race and ethnicity. We draw upon data from 6,489 respondents, collected across three rounds of National Social Life Health and Aging Project (NSHAP). Using Latent Class Analysis to identify groupings of social-relational characteristics, we arrive at: A ‘restricted’ class with overall low social connectivity, an ‘enriched’ class with strong connections across all domains and a ‘diverse’ class showing the greatest network range. In the first round, 49% of Hispanic respondents were in the ‘restricted’ class, compared to 24% of non-Hispanic Whites, and 37% of non-Hispanic Blacks. By the third round, the percentage of Hispanic respondents in the ‘restricted’ class dropped but rose for all other groups. We speculate that, over time, context-specific factors may be contributing to network resilience among Hispanics and network vulnerability among non-Hispanic Blacks.
EXPANDING HOME-BASED PRIMARY CARE FOR MEDICALLY COMPLEX PATIENTS: RUSH@HOME
Authors: Rosenberg Walter , Powell Nathaniel , Davis Elizabeth , Santana Leticia , Golden Robyn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Medically complex older adults from underserved communities experience multiple barriers to obtaining necessary health care and services. Often these individuals are largely unable to leave their homes due to a lack of community resources facilitating travel to and from provider appointments. Rush@Home is a home-based primary care program that focuses on the 4Ms by incorporating patient navigation and social work services for medically complex older adults. The majority of the patients enrolled in the Rush@Home program identify as Black and/or Latino (&gt;50%) and reside on the West Side of Chicago which is historically underserved in terms of health care access. To date, Rush@Home has enrolled n=234 participants with n=176 patients who are currently active in the program. Among participants there less than a 10% readmission rate and an ED visit rate of approximately 5%. This presentation will discuss the Rush@Home data and the importance of community engagement.