bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Decent Work Questionnaire: adaptation and validation of the Spanish version
Authors: Ferraro Tânia , Pais Leonor , Dos Santos Nuno Rebelo , Martinez-Tur Vicente 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
The growing attention to business ethics, integrity and respect for human rights at work has become increasingly relevant. Decent work is an important concept representing the promotion of human rights at work and business, the fulfilling and productive work maintained with social dialogue. This study aims to present the adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Decent Work Questionnaire (DWQ), allowing the decent work assessment in Spanish. Initially developed and validated for Portuguese-speaking countries, the DWQ’s Italian version was also recently adapted and validated.

Design/methodology/approach
The 31-item scale was applied to a sample of 1,528 Spanish high-skilled workers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. Convergent and discriminant validity was tested, examining the links of the DWQ to Work Engagement and Burnout measures.

Findings
CFA confirmed the original higher-order model with seven factors, a very good model fit and good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.94). Statistical analyzes also supported its convergent and discriminant validity.

Originality/value
The results confirmed the DWQ’s Spanish version as a reliable and valid multidimensional measurement tool and strengthened it as a good cross-cultural measure of decent work.
Labour market impacts of the equalisation of basic public health and medical services on internal migrants in China
Authors: Lu Chong , Wu Ailin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing China Migrants Dynamic Survey Project data from 2011 to 2017, this study investigates the labour market impacts of equalisation of basic public health and medical services on internal migrants by the difference‐in‐differences approach in China. The results reveal that equalisation of basic public health and medical services increases the probability of labour participation and the income of internal migrants. Male migrants, married migrants and migrants who cover long migration distances have a much stronger positive response to the equalisation of basic public health and medical services in terms of likelihood of labour participation and level of income. Mechanism checks indicate that the increases in labour participation and income of internal migrants are enhanced by the improvement of medical service utilisation, human capital and social integration after the implementation of the equalisation of basic public health and medical services.
Leveraging projection models to evaluate long‐term dynamics of scrub mint translocations
Authors: López‐Borghesi Federico , Koontz Stephanie M. , Smith Stacy A. , Haller Crate Sarah J. , Quintana‐Ascencio Pedro F. , Menges Eric S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTranslocated populations often show vigorous initial dynamics but eventually collapse. Modeling tools that incorporate basic ecological knowledge and allow for propagation of uncertainty can help identify potential risks. Here, we use Bayesian Integral Projection Models to estimate population growth rates (λs), associated elasticities, and extinction risks for the endangered Dicerandra christmanii. Our study compared natural populations in gaps (open areas) within the shrub matrix and roadsides, unoccupied gaps augmented with transplants, and introduced populations. These populations experienced different management, including prescribed fires, and had different initial conditions. Augmented gaps showed lower means but similar variation in λs as natural gaps. Yet, simulations indicate that augmentations can delay quasi‐extinction (40% of simulations) by 4 years at the population level. Introduced populations showed higher means and variation in λs as wild gaps. While vital rate estimates suggested initial translocation success, time to quasi‐extinction was projected to be 7 years shorter for introductions in gaps than for natural gap populations. These contradictory results are partially explained by the lack of established seed banks in introduced populations, which affected the response of early life stage transitions to a prescribed fire. This study highlights the need to account for site‐specific information in models of population dynamics, including initial conditions and management history, and especially cryptic life stages such as dormant seeds.
The Role of Response Style Adjustments in Cross‐Country Comparisons—A Case Study Using Data from the PISA 2015 Questionnaire
Authors: Ulitzsch Esther , Lüdtke Oliver , Robitzsch Alexander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCountry differences in response styles (RS) may jeopardize cross‐country comparability of Likert‐type scales. When adjusting for rather than investigating RS is the primary goal, it seems advantageous to impose minimal assumptions on RS structures and leverage information from multiple scales for RS measurement. Using PISA 2015 background questionnaire data, we investigate such an adjustment procedure and explore its impact on cross‐country comparisons in contrast to customary analyses and RS adjustments that (a) leave RS unconsidered, (b) incorporate stronger assumptions on RS structure, and/or (c) only use some selected scales for RS measurement. Our findings suggest that not only the decision as to whether to adjust for RS but also how to adjust may heavily impact cross‐country comparisons. This concerns both the assumptions on RS structures and the scales employed for RS measurement. Implications for RS adjustments in cross‐country comparisons are derived, strongly advocating for taking model uncertainty into account.
PrismPatNet: Novel prism pattern network for accurate fault classification using engine sound signals
Authors: Sahin Sakir Engin , Gulhan Gokhan , Barua Prabal Datta , Tuncer Turker , Dogan Sengul , Faust Oliver , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEngines are prone to various types of faults, and it is crucial to detect and indeed classify them accurately. However, manual fault type detection is time‐consuming and error‐prone. Automated fault type detection promises to reduce inter‐ and intra‐observer variability while ensuring time invariant attention during the observation duration. We have proposed an automated fault‐type detection model based on sound signals to realize these advantageous properties. We have named the detection model prism pattern network (PrismPatNet) to reflect the fact that our design incorporates a novel feature extraction algorithm that was inspired by a 3D prism shape. Our prism pattern model achieves high accuracy with low‐computational complexity. It consists of three main phases: (i) prism pattern inspired multilevel feature generation and maximum pooling operator, (ii) feature ranking and feature selection using neighbourhood component analysis (NCA), and (iii) support vector machine (SVM) based classification. The maximum pooling operator decomposes the sound signal into six levels. The proposed prism pattern algorithm extracts parameter values from both the signal itself and its decompositions. The generated parameter values are merged and fed to the NCA algorithm, which extracts 512 features from that input. The resulting feature vectors are passed on to the SVM classifier, which labels the input as belonging to 1 of 27 classes. We have validated our model with a newly collected dataset containing the sound of (1) a normal engine and (2) 26 different types of engine faults. Our model reached an accuracy of 99.19% and 98.75% using 80:20 hold‐out validation and 10‐fold cross‐validation, respectively. Compared with previous studies, our model achieved the highest overall classification accuracy even though our model was tasked with identifying significantly more fault classes. This performance indicates that our PrismPatNet model is ready to be installed in real‐world applications.
Alternative raw material research for decarbonization of UK glass manufacture
Authors: Deng Wei , Backhouse Daniel J. , Kabir Kazi Feroz , Janani Ronak , Holcroft Chris , Magallanes Marlin , Marshall Martyn , Jackson Caroline M. , Bingham Paul A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBased on the current UK decarbonization policy, a general outlook on potential routes for the glass industry to achieve net‐zero is discussed and the differentiation during decarbonization is specified. Biomass ash is considered a potential alternative raw material for low‐carbon glass manufacture as it is rich in certain advantageous components, chiefly network modifiers. Simple sieving processes were shown to effectively separate impurities such as S, Cl, and C from some biomass ashes according to particle size distribution. The concentration of undesirable impurities decreased with increasing particle size. Morphologies and X‐ray diffraction patterns of larger washed biomass ash particles indicated liquid/amorphous phase formation during biomass combustion. The washing of ashes was also shown to be a potential route to purification. A washed bracken ash relevant to both modern and ancient glass production was characterized for comparison. Ultraviolet‐visible near‐infrared (UV‐Vis‐near IR) absorption spectra of representative green container glasses produced using biomass ash confirmed that ∼5 wt.% ash in representative glass batches has little impact on the color and redox state of glasses; the redox status of glass produced using >2 mm biomass ash after washing was less reduced than that of glass produced using high levels (>∼9 wt.%) of >2 mm biomass ash after sieving alone, observed via the redox couple Cr3+/Cr6+ by UV‐Vis‐near IR absorption spectroscopy.
MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES
Authors: Syabbalo N 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYArterial blood gases and pH are routinely being measured in clinical practice, both to provide diagnosis and to guide therapy in critically ill patients. Oximetry is clinically useful in establishing the presence of hypoxaemia in patients with respiratory diseases. Oximetry is also a simple and reliable method for monitoring patients undergoing anaesthesia, sleep studies and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The search continues for new innovative techniques for continuous transcutaneous and intra‐arterial blood gas monitoring. This is essential in the management of critically ill patients because blood analysers provide only intermittent monitoring of arterial blood gases.
BILE DUCT HAMARTOMA OCCURRING IN ASSOCIATION WITH LONG‐TERM TREATMENT WITH DANAZOL
Authors: Elmadbouh HM , Douglas‐Jones M 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe report a case of bile duct hamartoma which developed in a patient who had been on long‐term danazol treatment. Such patients should be under close follow‐up, preferably with periodic ultrasound examination of the liver. If the patient develops a liver mass, because of non‐specific clinical features and imaging appearances, biopsy may be the only way to achieve a definitive diagnosis.
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN OCCLUSION PRESENTING WITH A MASSIVE VASCULAR MALFORMATION OF THE COLON
Authors: Clements WDB , Cunnick G , Hull D 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYSuperior mesenteric vein occlusion is a rare condition which has protean clinical manifestations. It frequently occurs secondary to an underlying coagulation defect. We present the case of a young female who presented uniquely with a massive colonic vascular malformation and who had various predisposing factors, the most serious being a protein C deficiency.
USE OF SYMPATHOMIMETIC NASAL SPRAY IN ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIAC FIBROMA: AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
Authors: Khan A , Dewhurst N 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA patient prescribed oxymetazoline hydrochloride nasal drops presented with recurrent ventricular tachycardia of fascicular origin. Cardiac ultrasound showed a calcified lesion, presumably a fibroma arising from the interventricular septum. Fascicular tachycardia related to the lesion and provoked by the use of a sympathomimetic agent is postulated.
ACUTE ADMISSIONS WITH HEART FAILURE TO A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL SERVING A MULTIRACIAL POPULATION
Authors: Lip GYH , Zarifis J , Beevers DG 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYTo assess the incidence, clinical characteristics and current strategies in the management of patients with acute heart failure, we conducted a prospective survey of all acute medical admissions with heart failure to a district hospital serving a city centre population of 300,000 people in a multiracial community. Of 7451 such admissions, 348 (4.7%) were diagnosed as having acute heart failure: 265 Caucasian (76.1%), 27 black/Afro Caribbean (7.7%), 56 Indo‐Asian (16.1%). Complete clinical data were available from 260 patients. The main presenting symptom was dyspnoea in 233 patients (89.6%) and chest pain in 60 patients (23.1%); 139 patients (53.5%) had a history of ischaemic heart disease, 87 (33.5%) hypertension and 49 (18.8%) had diabetes; 103 patients (39.6%) had a previous history of heart failure; 75 patients (28.8%) were in atrial fibrillation. An echocardiogram was performed in 89 patients (34.2%). On admission, ACE inhibition was prescribed to only 78 patients (30.0). The diagnosis of heart failure was stated on the hospital inpatient data sheet (KMR‐1) in only 170 patients (65.4%). Following admission, 50 patients (19.2%) died while in the wards. Heart failure is a common problem among acute medical admissions and has a poor prognosis. The KMR‐1 diagnosis may underestimate the prevalence of heart failure.
SHOULD WOMEN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS RECEIVE HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY?
Authors: Dunne FP 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in non‐diabetic postmenopausal women are now well established. HRT improves climacteric symptoms and has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and the skeleton. In addition, recent studies suggest a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease and colorectal cancer. Despite these beneficial effects, concerns continue regarding the increased risk of malignancy, thromboembolism and the possible deterioration in blood pressure. There are no long‐term studies in women with diabetes who also receive HRT, so we cannot be certain of the benefits and risks in this population. We can postulate, however, and draw some conclusions from current data, which suggest that the risk/benefit ratio is similar to that for the non‐diabetic population. Based on present information, postmenopausal diabetic women should be actively considered for HRT provided the physician is aware of the possible problems and the patient is sufficiently counselled to make an informed decision.
THE NASAL DELIVERY OF SYSTEMIC DRUGS
Authors: Jones NS , Quraishi S , Mason JDT 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYSystemic drugs are increasingly being administered intranasally. We highlight the potential problems and the effect of nasal pathology on absorption and bioavailability. There is insufficient information to evaluate the effect of these factors on therapeutic effectiveness. However, there is evidence that nasal pathology can influence mucociliary clearance and absorption, so the prescriber should recognise and consider the effect of any intranasal pathology. We suggest that, until the effects of these factors are quantified, patients who are about to embark on long‐term intranasal medication should have a rhinological assessment, particularly if they have any nasal symptoms. By doing this, factors that may cause reduced bioavailability can be identified. It would also prevent pre‐existing mucosal changes being wrongly attributed to nasal drugs.
A DOUBLE‐BLIND, COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DOTHIEPIN AND CLOMIPRAMINE IN THE TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS
Authors: Welch CP , Tweed JA , Smithers A , Gostick NK , Raniwalla J 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYDothiepin, a well‐established antidepressant, has been compared with clomipramine in a single‐blind study which demonstrated that dothiepin was better tolerated but there was no difference in efficacy. The present study was performed to recent European guidelines on good clinical practice using a randomised, double‐blind, parallel‐group methodology. One hundred and one patients suffering from major depressive disorder as defined by DSM‐III‐R were randomised to receive either clomipramine (25‐150 mg daily) or dothiepin (75‐150 mg daily) for up to six weeks. The clomipramine group comprised 51 patients, the dothiepin group 50 patients. At baseline, both groups had a mean age of 41‐43 years and gave similar mean scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (23.5 for clomipramine, 23.6 for dothiepin). At endpoint it was reduced in both groups but there were no significant differences between the groups (mean change from baseline for the clomipramine and dothiepin groups was ‐14.6 and ‐14.1 respectively). Thirty‐one clomipramine patients and 41 dothiepin patients completed six weeks' treatment. Withdrawal from treatment (20 patients for clomipramine, nine for dothiepin) was significantly different (p=0.0105). When reasons for withdrawal were analysed, 13 clomipramine patients and two dothiepin patients withdrew because of adverse events, this difference being significant (p=0.002). Thus both treatments were effective in treating patients suffering from major depressive disorder, but patients receiving dothiepin suffered fewer adverse events and were more likely to complete their treatment.
CYCLICAL ETIDRONATE INCREASES LUMBAR SPINE BONE DENSITY IN PATIENTS ON LONG‐TERM GLUCOCORTICOSTEROID THERAPY
Authors: Skingle SJ , Moore DJ , Crisp AJ 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYTo determine whether cyclical etidronate modifies bone density in patients on chronic glucocorticosteroid therapy, annual bone density measurements were performed on 55 patients receiving glucocorticosteroids who were randomised to either continuous calcium supplementation or cyclical etidronate plus calcium supplementation in this secondary prevention study. Median L1‐L4 lumbar spine bone density decreased by 0.7% in the calcium treated group after one year but increased by 3.1% in the group treated by calcium and etidronate (p=0.00116). Median L1‐L4 bone density decreased by 2.8% from baseline after two years in the calcium treated group but increased by 4.7% from baseline In the group treated by calcium and etidronate (p=0.04). There were no significant effects of treatment on femoral neck density. Cyclical etidronate and calcium increased lumbar spine bone density in patients established on prednisolone treatment over a two‐year period but had no effect on femoral density.
LATE TENSION PNEUMOCEPHALUS FOLLOWING FRONTAL CRANIOTOMY
Authors: Yu L , Farnsworth TA 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYTension pneumocephalus is an uncommon but life‐threatening complication of craniotomy which requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. It most often occurs perioperatively following subsequent anaesthesia using nitrous oxide. All previously reported postoperative cases followed posterior fossa or upper spinal cord surgery. Only two cases associated with frontal craniotomy have been reported since 1972, both occurring intraoperatively.
INHALER USE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Oliver S , Rees PJ 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYInhaler technique is a common problem, particularly in the elderly. We have assessed the ability to use seven common inhaler devices in 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Techniques were taught in a standard fashion in random order and assessed immediately and one hour later by two observers. Fourteen patients had a fault that would result in no drug delivery at some time during the study, and such a fault occurred at some point for each inhaler device. These faults were most common with the diskhaler. Accuhaler, autohaler and turbohaler scored highest and diskhaler lowest. Overall scores declined by one hour after instruction. Patients ranked the metered dose inhaler and accuhaler highest for ease of use and preference. These results show that it is useful to have a small range of devices for patients with COPD and that it is important to review inhaler technique regularly.
SPONTANEOUS CERVICAL EPIDURAL HAEMATOMA
Authors: Aitken EM , Lock BA , Sharr MM 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYSpontaneous spinal epidural haematoma can occur in the elderly and is a reversible cause of neurological deficit if treated promptly. The diagnosis can be made from a careful history and a simple neurological examination, but it can be confused with myocardial infarct, musculoskeletal pain, vasculitis and acute dissection of an aortic aneurysm. For a favourable outcome, early decompressive laminectomy and evacuation of the haematoma are necessary. We report an unusual case of acute quadriplegia in which prompt diagnosis and early intervention led to almost complete functional recovery with minimal disability.
LITHIUM FOLLOW‐UP IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: Moscovich DG 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYLithium salts have been used in medicine for over a century and are a widely accepted treatment. Clinical practice in the London borough of Barnet led us to suspect that agreed guidelines were not being followed. We checked them against published guidelines and followed up their implementation. A list of patients on lithium was obtained from the local biochemistry laboratory and a representative sample extracted. We looked at the frequency of laboratory testing and compared it with the guidelines. We found that the standards for lithium therapy follow‐up were not being met and that while we awaited the outcome of our consultant psychiatrists' committee deliberations, the recommendations were not being implemented. A lithium register or clinic needs to be established in the area, and there is also a need for more reliable and effective implementation of clinical audit recommendations.
THE MANAGEMENT OF THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYSTS
Authors: Ghaneim A , Atkins P 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThirty patients undergoing surgery for a preoperative diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst have been reviewed. All patients were seen in a hospital service for patients of 16 years and over. Sistrunk's procedure is the operation of choice but when histological examination of a thyroglossal duct cyst reveals a papillary carcinoma, total thyroidectomy should be considered.
THE USE OF MOBILE TELEPHONES IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Wong LS , Mahendrakumar R , Tan D , Bullen BR 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYAdvances in technology have led to the increased availability of mobile telephones, but their use in an NHS hospital has not previously been reported. Junior doctors require easy access to a telephone, but ward telephones are frequently busy and not readily accessible when urgently needed. A one‐year retrospective study was carried out on the use of mobile telephones in a small district general hospital.
DIPHALLUS WITH URETHRAL DUPLICATION: A RARE CASE
Authors: Mutlu N , Baykal M , Merder E , Çulha M , Canbazoglu N 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe report on a case of glandular diphallus with incomplete urethral duplication associated with rotation anomaly in the right kidney, and a bifid pelvis and an ectopic ureteral orifice in the left kidney. The bladder was single with good sphincter control. At operation, the hipoplasic glans was resected and the urethra which opened into this glans anastomosed alongside the other urethra. Diphallus and incomplete urethral duplication are discussed.