bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of organic acid metabolism reveals citric acid and malic acid play major roles in determining acid quality during the development of kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha)
Authors: Jia Dongfeng , Xu Ziyi , Chen Lu , Huang Qing , Huang Chunhui , Tao Junjie , Qu Xueyan , Xu Xiaobiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDActinidia eriantha is one of the most important kiwifruit species in Actinidia. The relative high accumulation of organic acids in fruit of A. eriantha is an unfavorable factor for organoleptic quality. To identify key metabolic enzymes and genes involved in organic acids accumulation during fruit development, physiological, biochemical, and molecular experiments were conducted for the dynamic fruit samples of a new kiwifruit cultivar, A. eriantha ‘Ganlv 1’.RESULTSThe contents of citric acid and malic acid increased greatly during fruit development, while quinic acid content decreased obviously. Significant positive correlations were observed between fruit titratable acidity and the contents of both citric acid and malic acid, and a significant negative correlation was found between fruit titratable acidity and the quinic acid content. The high accumulation of citric acid was found to be caused by the increased activity of citrate synthase (CS), and the decreased activities of two degradation‐related enzymes, mitochondrial aconitase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. In addition, the accumulation of malic acid depended mainly on the increased synthesis catalyzed by NAD‐dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD‐MDH) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Further analysis suggested that AeCS2 and AeMDH2 played pivotal roles in controlling the activities of CS and NAD‐MDH respectively.CONCLUSIONThe high accumulation level of citric acid relied on both the strong synthesis ability and the weak degradation ability. The accumulation level of malic acid was mainly affected by the synthesis. The novel information would be helpful for our understanding of the formation of fruit acidity quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of de‐branched starch molecules and fatty acid complexes on the attenuation of ageing‐induced cognitive impairment
Authors: Yao Xuan , Wang Anqi , Gao Bo , Xue Yu , Zhao Xueling , Wang Xuanyu , Wang Rui , Zhuang Min , Wei Changqing , Cheng Weidong , Zhang Jian , Strappe Padraig , Zhou Zhongkai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAgeing and associated cognitive impairments are becoming serious issues around the world. In this study, the physiological properties of three kinds of complexes of fatty acid (capric, stearic and oleic acid, respectively) and de‐branched starch molecules were investigated via a d‐galactose‐induced ageing model. This study revealed differences in the regulation of cognitive impairment and brain damage following intervention of different complexes, which might highlight a potent approach for the prevention of this chronic disease.RESULTSData indicated that three complexes improved response time and cognitive function and the bio‐parameter markers associated with oxidative stress in ageing rats. Among them, the complexes prepared from de‐branched starch–oleic acid showed a greater improvement compared to others. In addition, de‐branched starch–capric acid complex showed a higher improvement in the morphology of colon cells and hippocampal neuronal cells. The consumption of de‐branched starch–capric acid and –oleic acid complexes generated more short‐chain fatty acids in the gut. More importantly, the complexation of de‐branched starch with either caprate or stearate enhanced gut Akkermansia. Therefore, it was proposed that the richness in Akkermansia and gut metabolites might be associated with reduced damage of the hippocampal neuronal cells induced by the ageing progress. Moreover, the AMPK (AMP‐activated protein kinase) pathway was activated in liver in de‐branched starch–capric acid complex diet. In summary, de‐branched starch–capric acid complex exhibited a greater effect on the attenuation of ageing‐induced cognitive impairment.CONCLUSIONThis study might highlight a new approach for intervening in the cognitive impairment during the ageing progress via a food supply. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Objective Fluoroscopic Outcomes After Endoscopic Staple Versus Laser Zenker's Diverticulotomy
Authors: Zhao Nina W. , Stasyuk Anastasiya , Hernandez Brian O. , Cates Daniel J. , Kuhn Maggie A. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveEndoscopic Zenker's diverticulotomy (EZD) is typically performed via stapling (endoscopic staple diverticulotomy; ESD) or CO2 laser (endoscopic laser diverticulotomy; ELD). Conflicting reports exist on which approach provides optimal outcomes. This investigation compared objective fluoroscopic data between ESD and ELD.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients undergoing primary EZD at a tertiary center between January 1, 2014 and January 10, 2022 was performed. Patients undergoing ESD and ELD were matched by preoperative diverticulum size. Primary outcome measures were postoperative diverticulum size and change in diverticulum size from pre‐ to postoperative swallowing fluoroscopy. Secondary outcome measures were the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) score, penetration aspiration scale (PAS), pharyngeal constriction ratio (PCR), and pharyngoesophageal segment opening (PESo).ResultsThirteen matched pairs with complete fluoroscopic data were identified. The mean (±SD) age of the cohort was 74.0 (±8.5) years. There were no age or gender differences between groups (p > 0.05). The mean pre‐operative ZD size was 1.98 (±0.69) cm for ESD and 1.97 (±0.72) cm for ELD; the mean postoperative size was 0.84 (±0.62) cm for ESD and 0.34 (±0.27) cm for ELD (p < 0.05). Mean diverticulum size improved by 1.14 (±0.59) cm after ESD and 1.62 (±0.59) cm after ELD (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative EAT‐10, PAS, PCR, or PESo between groups.ConclusionThe data suggest that endoscopic laser Zenker's diverticulotomy results in a greater improvement in diverticulum size than endoscopic staple diverticulotomy. The data did not suggest a difference in postoperative dysphagia symptom scores or other objective fluoroscopic parameters between staple and laser diverticulotomy.Level of EvidencesLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 133:3057–3060, 2023
Topological Holography and Storage with Optical Knots and Links
Authors: Kong Ling‐Jun , Zhang Jingfeng , Zhang Furong , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAfter more than 70 years of development, holography has become an essential tool of modern optics in many applications. In fact, for various applications of different kinds of holographic techniques, stability and antijamming ability are very important. Here, optical topological structures are introduced into holographic technology, and an entirely new concept of optical topological holography is demonstrated to solve stability and antijamming problems. Based on the optical knots and links, the topological holography is not only developed in theory, but also demonstrated experimentally. In addition, a new topological holographic coding is established by regarding each knotted/linked topological structure as an information carrier. Due to the variety of knotted and linked structures and their characteristics of topological protection, such coding can have high capacity as well as robust properties. Furthermore, with writing the hologram into the liquid crystal, robust information storage of 3D topological holography is realized.
Large Polyacrylamide Hydrogels for Large‐Batch Cell Culture and Mechanobiological Studies
Authors: Shi Xuechen , Janmey Paul A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe rigidity of a cell's substrate or extracellular matrix plays a vital role in regulating cell and tissue functions. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels are one of the most widely used cell culture substrates that provide a physiologically relevant range of stiffness. However, it is still arduous and time‐consuming to prepare PAAm substrates in large batches for high‐yield or multiscale cell cultures. In this communication, a simple method to prepare PAAm hydrogels with less time cost and easily accessible materials is presented. The hydrogel is mechanically uniform and supports cell culture in a large batch. It is further shown that the stiffness of the hydrogel covers a large range of Young's modulus and is sensed by cells, regulating various cell features including changes in cell morphology, proliferation, and contractility. This method improves the reproducibility of mechanobiology studies and can be easily applied for mechanobiology research requiring large numbers of cells or experimental groups.
Vertical dynamic interaction and group efficiency factor for floating pile group in layered soil
Authors: Qu Liming , Kouroussis Georges , Lian Jing , Ding Xuanming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper theoretically estimates the dynamic pile–soil interaction and the group efficiency factor for pile group in layered soil through energy‐based method. The vertical dynamic interaction of partially embedded single piles and their surrounding layered soil is analytically deduced from Hamilton's principle. Combined with a series of numerical simulations, the soil attenuation factor from energy method is modified for adapting to the wave speed variation in various layers. Then, the pile‐to‐pile interaction factor is directly solved with the help of the transfer‐matrix method. The dynamic governing equation of pile group with an elevated rigid cap is established by superposing the pile‐to‐pile interaction factors. Finally, the dynamic impedance of pile group is obtained and derived into a group efficiency factor. Compared with the plane strain method, this present method can produce a more suitable soil attenuation factor and a dynamic interaction factor at low frequency range, which is exploited for practical engineering design. The effects of subsoil layer, subsoil layer, and unembedded pile segment on group efficiency factor are investigated. The results show that the real part of group efficiency factor decreases at high frequency range for a small pile spacing, which may be detriment to the pile group capacity. Besides that, the combined effects of unembedded segment and weak surface soil on group efficiency factor are highlighted.
One in four women with stress urinary incontinence who are taught “the knack” maneuver adopt this motor pattern while coughing: A prospective interventional cohort study
Authors: Antônio Flávia I. , Yamamoto Grace , Varette Kevin , McLean Linda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuestionsDo women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) who receive instruction to perform the knack maneuver as part of a 12‐week pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program perform it during voluntary coughing without specific instruction to do so, and are subjective and objective outcomes better among those who do than among those who do not demonstrate the knack during voluntary coughing?DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective interventional cohort.ParticipantsWomen with SUI.Intervention12‐week PFMT intervention including instruction to perform the knack.Outcome measuresPerformance of the knack before a voluntary cough as confirmed through ultrasound imaging. SUI severity determined subjectively (International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire‐Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [ICIQ‐FLUTS] overall score, ICIQ‐FLUTS UI subscale score, 3‐day bladder diary) and objectively (30‐min pad test).ResultsOutcome data were available from 69 participants. At baseline, no participants performed the knack when asked to cough. At follow‐up, more participants performed the knack during a voluntary cough [18/69 (26%), 95% confidence interval [CI] 15%–35%] than at baseline. The extent of improvement in SUI symptoms was not different between participants who did and did not demonstrate the knack during a voluntary cough [FLUTS‐UI subscale score (d = 0.31, 95% CI –0.78 to 2.77, n = 69), FLUTS overall score (d = 0.26, 95% CI −1.52–4.23, n = 69), 30‐min pad test (d = 0.03, 95% CI −9.35 to 10.32, n = 69), 3‐day bladder diary (d = 0.03, 95% CI −4.07 to 3.60, n = 51)].ConclusionApproximately one in four women appear to adopt the knack as a motor response to a cough command, however, adopting the knack was not independently associated with greater improvements in SUI.
Evaluation of premature ventricular complexes during in‐hospital ECG monitoring as a predictor of ventricular tachycardia in an intensive care unit cohort
Authors: Suba Sukardi , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Fleischmann Kirsten E. , Schell‐Chaple Hildy , Marcus Gregory M. , Prasad Priya , Hu Xiao , Badilini Fabio , Pelter Michele M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn‐hospital electrocardiographic (ECG) monitors are typically configured to alarm for premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) due to the potential association of PVCs with ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, no contemporary hospital‐based studies have examined the association of PVCs with VT. Hence, the benefit of PVC monitoring in hospitalized patients is largely unknown. This secondary analysis used a large PVC alarm data set to determine whether PVCs identified during continuous ECG monitoring were associated with VT, in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), and/or death in a cohort of adult intensive care unit patients. Six PVC types were examined (i.e., isolated, bigeminy, trigeminy, couplets, R‐on‐T, and run PVCs) and were compared between patients with and without VT, IHCA, and/or death. Of 445 patients, 48 (10.8%) had VT; 11 (2.5%) had IHCA; and 49 (11%) died. Isolated and run PVC counts were higher in the VT group (p = 0.03 both), but group differences were not seen for the other four PVC types. The regression models showed no significant associations between any of the six PVC types and VT or death, although confidence intervals were wide. Due to the small number of cases, we were unable to test for associations between PVCs and IHCA. Our findings suggest that we should question the clinical relevance of activating PVC alarms as a forewarning of VT, and more work should be done with larger sample sizes. A more precise characterization of clinically relevant PVCs that might be associated with VT is warranted.
A comparative study of social cognition in epilepsy, brain injury, and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bauer Julia , Steiger Bettina Katharina , Kegel Lorena Chantal , Eicher Marcel , König Kristina , Baumann‐Vogel Heide , Jokeit Hennric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe brain regions involved in social cognition and the regulation of social behavior form a widely distributed cortico‐subcortical network. Therefore, many neurological disorders could affect social cognition and behavior. A persistent lack of valid tests and a rigid neuropsychological focus on language, attention, executive function, and memory have contributed to a long‐standing neglect of social cognition in clinical diagnostics, although the DSM‐5 recognizes it as one of the six core dimensions in neurocognitive disorders. To assess for the first time the diagnostic yield of a comprehensive social cognition battery (Networks of Emotion Processing [NEmo]), we administered several emotion recognition and theory of mind tests to three incidental clinical samples with different neurological conditions: temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 30), acquired brain injury (n = 24), Parkinson's disease (n = 19), and a healthy control group (n = 67). A multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to test the effect of group on subscales of the NEmo test battery, controlling for age and performance IQ. The results showed statistically significant differences between clinical groups and healthy controls. No differences were found for gender and lateralization of the predominant lesion side. In our incidental samples, 86% of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy, 57% of individuals with acquired brain lesion, and 14% of individuals with Parkinson's disease underperformed on tests of social cognition compared with controls. These findings suggest a differential impact of neurological disorders on the risk of impaired social cognition and highlight the need to consider social cognition in diagnostics, counselling, therapy, and rehabilitation.
Windenergiepotenzial von Deutschland
Authors: Kleidon Axel 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Windenergienutzung in Deutschland soll bis 2050 mit bis zu 200 Gigawatt ausgebaut werden, was in etwa einer Vervierfachung im Vergleich zu heute entspricht. Diese Windturbinen werden der Atmosphäre dabei Windenergie entziehen und damit die Atmosphäre beeinflussen. Dies wirkt sich auf die Effizienz der Windenergienutzung aus, weil die Windgeschwindigkeiten in den betroffenen Regionen sinken müssen. Mithilfe der Impulsbilanz und den damit verbundenen kinetischen Energieflüssen lässt sich abschätzen, dass deshalb der Stromertrag um etwa 10 bis 15 % sinkt. Der Effekt ist geringer, wenn die Windturbinen gleichmäßiger über mehr Fläche verteilt sind. Trotz dieser Effekte lässt sich mit der Windenergie sehr viel Strom erzeugen, die betrachteten Szenarien würden mehr als die Hälfte des gegenwärtigen Strombedarfs damit decken. Die Auswirkungen auf die Atmosphäre sind dabei sehr gering. Die umgesetzte Windenergie beträgt lediglich 2,4 % des Verlusts an kinetischer Energie, die ohnehin auf natürliche Weise durch Reibung in der unteren Atmosphäre verloren geht.
Registration of ‘S11‐17025C’ soybean: A high‐yielding and high‐oil conventional cultivar with broad resistance to diseases and nematodes
Authors: Shannon G. , Chen P. , Lee Y.‐C. , Vieira C. C. , Nascimento E. F. , Granja M. O. , Lee D. , Ali M. L. , Scaboo A. , Crisel M. , Smothers S. , Clubb M. , Nguyen H. T. , Li Z. , Mitchum M. G. , Bond J. , Meinhardt C. , Usovsky M. , Robbins R. T. , Gillen A. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivar ‘S11‐17025C’ (Reg. no. CV‐558, PI 701486) was developed and released by the University of Missouri‐Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center (MU‐FDREEC). S11‐17025C is a conventional, early maturity group V (relative maturity, 5.2) with high yield potential with a determinate growth habit. It is a chloride excluder for tolerance to high‐chloride field conditions. It has broad disease resistance, including soybean cyst nematode races 1 (HG type 2.5.7), 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7), 3 (HG type 5.7), and 5 (HG type 2.5.7); southern root‐knot nematode; reniform nematode; and sudden death syndrome. S11‐17025C was tested in 133 environments across 10 states, including Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, in 2012–2016. It was evaluated in yield tests at the MU‐FDREEC (2012–2016), USDA Uniform Soybean tests (2013–2016), and soybean state variety tests (2015 and 2016). S11‐17025C yielded 104% of the commercial check mean across multiple environments. 17025C has broad adaptation across the Mid‐south where growers may benefit from premium prices offered for conventional soybeans. S11‐17025C can also serve as germplasm for use in crosses in breeding programs.
Comparison of Bray‐1 and Mehlich‐3 extraction of P and K in Wisconsin silt loam soils
Authors: Matcham Emma G. , Ruark Matthew D. , Stoltenberg David E. , Conley Shawn P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer rate recommendations are based on soil nutrient concentrations, which can be measured using a variety of lab methods. In Wisconsin, Bray‐1 extractant is used to measure soil test P (STP) and soil test K (STK), while most neighboring states measure STP and STK using Mehlich‐3 soil test extractant. This research aims to quantify the relationship between Bray‐1 and Mehlich‐3 extraction methods for both STP and STK for silt‐loam soils in southern Wisconsin. Soil samples were collected from three fields in November 2021. STK and soil test phosphorus STP were measured using both Bray‐1 and Mehlich‐3 extraction methods. The relationship between Bray‐1 and Mehlich‐3 extractants was quantified using linear regression. Soil test phosphorus as measured using Bray‐1 extractant was linearly related to STP as measured using Mehlich‐3 extractant (p < 0.001; Adj. R2 = 0.97), and the relationship between STK results from Bray‐1 extraction and STK results from Mehlich‐3 extraction was also linear (p < 0.001; Adj. R2 = 0.91). For the same soil samples, Mehlich‐3 extractant removed slightly more P and K as compared to Bray‐1 extractant. Due to the strong linear relationship between Mehlich‐3 and Bray‐1 extractants, simple regressions can be used to estimate Bray‐1 STP or STK from a soil test report that was generated using Mehlich‐3 lab methods, and vice versa, on WI silt‐loam soils.
A Review of Recent Advances in the Development of Superhydrophobicity over Various Substrate Surfaces Using Polymers
Authors: Raju Aleena , Samanta Debasis , Rajendrakumar Kannapiran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOwing to its hydrophobic nature, polymers are more commonly employed to impart superhydrophobicity over different surfaces. This review gives a brief account on the theories behind superhydrophobicity and techniques employed to develop superhydrophobic coatings over metal, fabrics, papers, sponges, foam, glass, wood, mesh, concrete and ceramic surfaces. Fine‐tuning of superhydrophobic polymeric surfaces is much required to enhance corrosion control, oil‐water separation, self‐cleaning, drag reduction, anti‐microbial, anti‐bio‐fouling, anti‐icing and desalination properties. Methodology and current developments in the designing such superhydrophobic polymeric surfaces are highlighted. To conclude, the challenges to be addressed by the scientific world to solve the problems associated with mass production, stability and durability of the coatings, development of hierarchical micro‐nanostructures are detailed.
Improving the Open‐Circuit Voltage of Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells with NiOx Films by Interfacial Energy Level Alignment
Authors: Xie Zhongqi , Wu Yue , Wei Mengyuan , Zhao Ya , Jiang Qing‐Song , Yang Xiao , Xun Wei , Lin Bencai , Wang Chunxiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInterface engineering strategy plays an essential role in improving the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, nickel oxide (NiOx) films are fabricated by the low‐temperature combustion method and modified by poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) solution with a low concentration. Then, NiOx and NiOx/PTAA films are used as hole transport layers to fabricate low‐dimensional perovskite (4FPEA)2(MA0.9FA0.1)3Pb4I13 (n=4) (4FPEA: 4‐fluorophenylethylammonium, MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinum). The experimental results show that the energy level alignment has been optimized by introducing a PTAA layer, which is beneficial to improving the hole extraction efficiency. Therefore, the low‐dimensional PSC exhibit the high open‐circuit voltage (1.21 V) by suppressing the non‐radiative recombination. Compared with the PSC based on NiOx film, the power conversion efficiency of the PSC based on NiOx/PTAA film is improved from 6.13 % to 12.25 %. Meanwhile, the PSC based on NiOx/PTAA film remains at 88 % of the initial efficiency after being stored in a nitrogen glove box for 900 h. Our work offers a promising route for applying NiOx film in low‐dimensional PSCs.