bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face/Off: The adverse effects of increased competition
Authors: Ahmadi Iman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIncreased competition can result in market efficiency. However, alternatively, it may provoke unethical behavior by sellers attempting to avoid losses—a risk that may be greater in credence goods markets, where consumers find it difficult to determine the value of goods or services received. The New York City (NYC) taxi market allows us to investigate how increased competition due to the launch of green-colored taxis (to serve only certain parts of NYC) may lead to fraudulent behavior by drivers of the established yellow taxis. An empirical study of more than 17 million matched yellow taxi trips revealed that fraudulent behavior was most prevalent on routes in which drivers faced increased competition for both pickups and post-drop-off pickups. However, after the launch of green taxis, there was no significant change in the trip distances of yellow taxis for rides subject to a flat-rate fare or for trips to/from office buildings where passengers were more familiar with optimal routes.
Pathological observation and transcriptomic analysis of thymus injury in PRRSV-infected piglets
Authors: Su Naying , Lin Zhengdan , Liu Xi , Sun Xiuxiu , Jin Xinxin , Feng Helong , Zhan Cunlin , Hu Xueying , Gu Changqin , Zhang Wanpo , Cheng Guofu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe thymus, the central immune organ in mammals, plays an important role in immune defense. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in piglets can cause thymus injury and immunosuppression. However, the mechanisms of thymus injury remain unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the specific manifestations of thymus injury through the construction of a PRRSV-infected piglet model and histopathological observation. In this study, fourteen 40-day-old PRRSV-free piglets were randomly divided into two groups, eleven of which were intramuscularly injected with 3 mL of PRRSV WUH3 virus suspension (106 PFU /mL) in the infection group, and three of which were sham-inoculated with 3 mL of RPMI-1640 medium in the control group. Clinical necropsy and samples collection were performed on day 8 after artificial infection. With the Illumina platform, the transcriptomes of piglet thymus tissues from infected and control piglets were sequenced to explore the relationships of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways with thymus injury. The immune organs of PRRSV-infected piglets were severely damaged. The histopathological findings in the thymus indicated that PRRSV infection was associated with a large decrease in lymphocytes, cell necrosis and cell apoptosis; an increase in blood vessels and macrophages; thymic corpuscle hyperplasia; and interstitial widening of the thymic lobules. The transcriptomic analysis results revealed that the Gene Ontology functions of DEGs were enriched primarily in biological processes such as angiogenesis, regulation of angiogenesis and positive regulation of cell migration. Moreover, greater numbers of blood vessels and macrophages were observed in the thymus in PRRSV-infected than control piglets. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. The expression of TLR8, IRF5, the chemokines CCL2, CCL3L1 and CCL5; and their receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 was significantly up-regulated in PRRSV infection, thus suggesting that these cytokines were associated with the pathological processes of thymus injury.
Nucleation and Growth Dynamics of Equiaxed Dendrites in Thin Metallic Al–Cu and Al–Ge Samples in Microgravity and on Earth
Authors: Becker Maike , Wegener Mareike , Drescher Jörg , Kargl Florian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, the nucleation and growth characteristics of equiaxed dendrites in near-isothermal solidification experiments, performed during two sounding rocket missions, MAPHEUS-6 and 7, are investigated. Two samples of the composition Al–15 wt pct Cu and one sample of the composition Al–46 wt pct Ge were processed in microgravity and several samples on ground. In situ X-radiography was performed to observe the nucleation dynamics and microstructure evolution during solidification of the 200 µm thin, disc-shaped samples. The measured dendritic growth rates and observed concentration distributions in the liquid indicate no difference between microgravity and on-ground horizontal experiments, in line with previous observations. On the contrary, a difference in the nucleation behavior was found. In all microgravity experiments bursts of nucleation were observed, which is different from comparable on-ground solidification experiments, where the nucleation occurs continuously. The combined analyses suggest that small variations of the concentration fields that probably originate from convective flow and buoyancy of the grains in the on-ground experiments, lead to a spatially variable nucleation undercooling distribution and hence to continuous nucleation. In contrast, the absence of convective flow in microgravity results in a more uniform nucleation undercooling distribution. The grains therefore nucleate in bursts at the surface walls, when the necessary nucleation undercooling is reached.
Supporting One Health for Pandemic Prevention: The Need for Ethical Innovation
Authors: Diller Elena R. , Williamson Laura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBioethics is a field in which innovation is required to help prevent and respond to zoonotic diseases with the potential to cause epidemics and pandemics. Some of the developments necessary to fight pandemics, such as COVID-19 vaccines, require public debate on the benefits and risks of individual choice versus responsibility to society. While these debates are necessary, a more fundamental ethical innovation to rebalance human, animal, and environmental interests is also needed. One Health (OH) can be characterized as a strategy that recognizes and promotes the synergy between human, animal, and environmental health. Yet, despite the recognition that these entities are interdependent, there is a pronounced inequality in the power relations between human, non-human animal, and the environmental interests which threatens the well-being of all. Until OH can ensure the moral status of animals and the environment and thereby the equal consideration of these interests, it will struggle to protect non-human interests and, as a result, human health. To create a sustainable health system requires a renewed concept of justice that is ecocentric in nature and an application of OH that is flexible and responsive to different ethical interests (e.g., person-centred care and physician responsibilities). Ultimately, to save themselves, humans must now think beyond themselves. Bioethics must assume a key role in supporting the developments required to create and maintain relationships able to sustain environmental and human health.
Mathematics education research on language and on communication including some distinctions: Where are we now?
Authors: Planas Núria , Pimm David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, we present a narrative review of mathematics education research on language and on communication over 2019–2022, but also look ahead by addressing challenges posed by the lack of distinction between language and communication. The persistence and significance of the problem of the distinction between language and communication are thus outlined in a historical moment of celebration of growth of research in the domain. Informed by the analysis of a selection of research journal articles and by our trajectories, we discuss influential topics in the recent discourse: multilingual mathematics classrooms; mathematics teacher education on language in mathematics teaching; multimodal mathematical communication; interaction and mathematics learning; mathematical language and discourse. We connect this with new emerging or old revisited concepts: instructional designing, gesturing, argumenting and languaging. We finish by further reflecting on multimodal mathematical communication and gesturing, and on the potential of expanding the notion of mathematics register towards a notion of mathematics communication register.
The role of CU traits, empathy and moral disengagement in bullying
Authors: Eilts Jule , Bäker Neele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBullying and victimization have been of interest to a wide variety of disciplines for years due to their serious consequences (Zych et al., 2019). The focus has primarily been on personality factors which have significant associations with bullying perpetration. These factors include CU traits, empathy, and moral disengagement (e.g., Gini, 2006; Thornberg et al., 2015; Zych et al., 2019). However, the relation between those constructs and bullying perpetrator behaviors are unclear and have not been integrated in a single study. Additionally, studies suggest that students with special education support needs are overrepresented in bullying dynamics (e.g., Hartley et al., 2015). Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether moral disengagement and empathy act as mediators of CU traits on bullying perpetrator behavior while controlling age, gender and special educational needs. The sample consists of 201 students (Mage = 12.85; SD = 1.37) which were enrolled in schools in Germany. High CU traits were associated with low cognitive and affective empathy and high moral disengagement. Additionally, special educational needs were associated with higher moral disengagement. Moral disengagement mediates the relationship between CU traits and bullying. These findings expand the knowledge of influencing factors in the bullying dynamic and have significant implications for prevention and intervention practices.
Some Remarks on Petty Projection of Log-concave Functions
Authors: da Silva Letícia Alves , Merino Bernardo González , Villa Rafael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this note we study the Petty projection of a log-concave function, which has been recently introduced in [9]. The aim of this note is to report a mistake in Theorem 5.2 of [9] and to give correct new inequalities involving this new notion.
Profile defects caused by inhomogeneous longitudinal strain distribution in roll forming
Authors: Kilz J. , Güngör B. , Aign F. , Groche P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRoll
forming is a sheet metal forming operation that incrementally forms flat sheets into a desired profile geometry. The process is characterized by a high material utilization and a high output quantity. Concomitant with these advantages, profile defects such as bow and twist of the profile can occur. In the literature, an inhomogeneous longitudinal strain distribution across the profile cross-section is considered to be the cause of these defects. However, a quantitative cause and effect analysis is missing up to now. This paper presents an analytical model that shows a quantitative relationship between profile defects and the underlying longitudinal strain distributions. The model can be used to calculate the longitudinal strain distribution of a roll-formed profile across its cross-section based on given values for bow and twist or vice versa. It is compared with results from simulations and experiments and clearly reveals the cause for twist and bow in roll forming.
Graphical abstract
Exploring design elements of personal data markets
Authors: Scheider Simon , Lauf Florian , Geller Simon , Möller Frederik , Otto Boris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Since the emerging information economy relies heavily on data for advancement and growth, data markets have gained increasing attention. However, while global data economies are evolving and data are increasingly shared among organizations in various data ecosystems, marketplaces for personal data (PDMs) exhibited considerable start-up difficulties, which doomed their majority to either fail quickly or to operate in legal grey zones. Apparently, in recent times, novel PDMs have arisen which seem economically and technically viable. The study investigates this “new generation” from both an economic and a technological perspective. Adhering to a rigorous methodology for taxonomy building and evaluation, 18 dimensions and 59 characteristics are presented alongside which these new PDMs can be designed. Additionally, archetypes are derived. The findings reveal that PDMs tend to follow certain design commonalities holding for data markets generally but comprise specific design elements distinguishing them both from conventional data markets and among each other.
Age Assignment, Palaeoecology and Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of the Nukhul Formation at Wadi Baba, West-Central Sinai (Egypt)
Authors: Abu Shama Aziz , El-Nahrawy Sara , Farouk Sherif 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Nukhul Formation has been a point of controversy until now due to a lack of index fossils, varied facies modifications, and different time gaps. As a result, the calcareous nannofossils of the exposed Miocene rocks at Wadi Baba, west-central Sinai have been studied quantitatively for the first time. An important sequence of calcareous nannofossil bioevents has been recorded in the Nukhul Formation, including the FOs ofDiscoaster druggii,Sphenolithus dissimilis,Helicosphaera ampilaperta,andSphenolithus disbelemnos,which correspond to the Aquitanian age of upper NN1 and NN2 zones. The Nukhul Formation contains four intervals that reflect eutrophic conditions in the nearshore habitats with substantial nutrient input from the terrigenous influx, as shown by the dominance of cool-water taxa,Coccoliths pelagicusandReticulofenestra minuta. The lithofacies, microfacies types, abundance, dominance, and diversity of nannofossil assemblages classified the studied interval into two depositional sequences with four system tracts. These tracts refer to fluctuations in relative sea level changes in response to the eustatic sea-level curve.
Caregivers’ Burden in Parkinson’s Disease: A Study on Related Features and Attachment Styles
Authors: Carpinelli Luna , Savarese Giulia , Russo Claudio , Stornaiuolo Giovanna , Luisi Ettore , Pellegrino Francesca , Mollo Monica , Pellecchia Maria Teresa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurological disease clinically characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, with an increasing impact on the quality of life not only for the patient but also for the caregivers. Twenty-six primary caregivers (female = 19; mean age = 57.04, SD = 10.64) of PD patients were consecutively recruited. Several psychological aspects were verified through clinical screening tests: EQ-5D and PQoL CARER for quality of life, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), Family Strain Questionnaire (FSQ), and Adult Attachment Questionnaire. We found that the burden was generally higher in cohabiting female caregivers of patients with dementia as compared with not cohabiting caregivers. Severe burden emerged in 7.7% of the participants according to the PQoL. The mean score of this scale was higher in cohabiting caregivers. Finally, according to the CBI, 19.2% of the participants suffered from severe burden, with mean scores of the CIB-S and CIB-E subscales higher in cohabitants. Our study highlights the need to investigate more thoroughly the burden of caregivers of PD patients and its associated factors, and to pay more attention to the physical and psychological health of caregivers to improve their quality of life.
Predicting consumers’ intention towards entomophagy using an extended theory of planned behavior: evidence from Myanmar
Authors: Thu Thu Aung Myint , Dürr Jochen , Klink-Lehmann Jeanette , Borgemeister Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe concept of entomophagy—consuming insects as food—has become particularly important from the perspective of food security. Myanmar is an entomophagous country, but where chronic malnutrition problems persist. A lack of research into the topic of entomophagy in Myanmar makes it difficult to understand people's behavior regarding edible insects as food, as well as their motives and aversions. As this knowledge gap emphasizes the need for consumer studies of edible insects in Myanmar, this study examines the factors affecting consumers’ intention to eat insects. The model used is based on the theory of planned behavior, extended by the variable environmental concern. Data collection was conducted through telephone interviews, acquiring 872 respondents. Structural equation modelling analysis was performed to predict the influence factors on consumption intention towards edible insects. Results revealed that participants’ consumption intention was low and primarily influenced by attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and environmental concern. Only four out of ten factors had moderating effects on consumption intention, mainly the administrative division, urban or rural location, educational level and ethnic groups. These results are useful for further developing the insect sector in Myanmar, and especially for creating more public awareness of the benefits of eating insects as well as promoting a more positive attitude and possibly leading to an increase in consumption intention. A gradual shift from mere collection to insect farming would improve all year availability of edible insects and reduce the difficulties of consumers accessing edible insects. Consequently, edible insects can assist in achieving the nutrition policy's objective of reducing all types of malnutrition by making it easier for all people, at all times of the year, to acquire nutritious food at an affordable price.
Assessing Risk, Effectiveness, and Benefits in Transportation Regulation
Authors: Aiken Deborah Vaughn , Brumbaugh Stephen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe review the practice of safety benefits analysis for federal transportation regulations in the USA. Using a case-study approach, we explore the linkages between risk assessment and benefits analysis, adding to previous work exploring these linkages for environmental health regulations. Challenges for calculating the benefits of transportation safety regulations arise because safety outcomes, like many noncancer health effects, typically do not have formal risk relationships like dose–response functions established for them. Analysts often rely on engineering or other expert judgments or resort to qualitative discussions to connect a regulatory intervention to its intended outcome. Challenges also arise when regulatory outcomes are intangible or do not have established metrics. Safety outcomes are not always measurable in concrete terms like mortality risk and may include difficult-to-operationalize concepts like “safety culture.” If the outcome is not measurable, then quantifying or monetizing the expected effects of a regulation is not possible, and the ability to conduct robust qualitative discussions also may be limited. Economists evaluating benefits for safety regulations encounter limitations analogous to difficulties found in health regulations. To inform policymaking effectively, economists and safety experts could look to the relationship developed in environmental economics between economists and health scientists.
A Benefit–Cost Analysis of Tulsa Pre-K, Based on Effects on High-School Graduation and College Attendance
Authors: Bartik Timothy J. , Gormley William T. , Amadon Sara , Hummel-Price Douglas , Fuller James 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents new benefit–cost estimates for the Tulsa universal pre-K program. These calculations are based on estimated effects, from two recent papers, of Tulsa pre-K on high-school graduation rates and college attendance rates of students who were in kindergarten in the fall of 2006. In the current paper, educational effects from these prior papers are used to infer lifetime earnings effects. Our conservative estimates suggest that per pre-K participant, the present value of earnings effects in 2021 dollars is $25,533, compared with program costs of $9,628, for a benefit–cost ratio of 2.65. Compared to prior benefit–cost studies of Tulsa pre-K, this benefit–cost ratio is below what was predicted from Tulsa pre-K’s effects on kindergarten test scores, but above what was predicted from Tulsa pre-K’s effects on grade retention by ninth grade. This fading and recovery of predicted pre-K effects as children go through K-12 and then enter adulthood is consistent with prior research. It suggests that pre-K may have important effects on “soft skills,” such as persisting in school, and reminds us that short-term studies of pre-K provide useful information for public policy.
Zoom up your mood – a pilot study examining the efficacy of video-conferencing versus face-to-face delivery of group CBT for depression for out-patients attending a secondary mental health service in Ireland
Authors: Ryan Dearbhail , Cogley Clodagh , Moore Lucy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:Cluain Mhuire is a secondary adult mental health service based in Ireland. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many services moving online, including our coping with depression group. A shortened, online version of the face-to-face group was piloted; however, analysis showed that it was not as effective as the longer face-to-face group. Thus, a 12-session, 2.5-hour online group CBT (gCBT) was subsequently run to directly compare the online therapy with the original face-to-face group.Aims:The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week gCBT programme adapted to videoconferencing in reducing self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety and enhancing quality of life (QoL). Results will be compared with the same group programme delivered face-to-face.Method:This is a between-groups, naturalistic treatment outcome study. Pre and post measures include the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Scale (WHOQoL-Bref). A mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance was performed to assess the impact of the three interventions (face-to-face, 8-session online and 12-session online) on participant scores; 112 participants (65 women, 47 men) were recruited (mean age=41.85, SD=13.08).Results:All three interventions significantly improved depression, anxiety and QoL scores. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups. Attendance was highest in the 12-session online group, followed by the 8-session online group and 12-session in-person group.Conclusions:These results add to the growing evidence supporting the effectiveness of internet-delivered gCBT in reducing depressive symptoms.
Is Rio de Janeiro preparing for war? Combating organized crime versus non-international armed conflict
Authors: Palma Najla Nassif 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe idea that Rio de Janeiro has been plunged into an actual “war” against organized crime is widely discussed and is supported by an ever-increasing number of people in Brazil. Not surprisingly, such discourse has led to less protection for the civilian population, particularly in the so-called favelas, while allowing security forces to carry out operations with even greater relative impunity. This article argues that although urban violence in Rio de Janeiro is indeed a serious problem, it does not reach the threshold required to be considered a non-international armed conflict.