bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization Multiplexing Bifunctional Metalens Designed by Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Zhengchang , Peng Pu , He Xiao , Dang Zhibo , Dai Yuchen , Chen Yuxiang , Shao Xinyuan , Li Yu , Huang Yijing , Liu Donglin , Tao Guangyi , Zhang Yunhao , Fang Zheyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs planar optical elements, metasurfaces confer an unprecedented potential to manipulate light, which benefits from the deep control of the interactions between nanostructures and light. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in various metasurfaces for on‐demand functions, drawing great interest from the scientific community. However, it is a great challenge to integrate different functions into a single metasurface, due to the incapability of manipulating light at different dimensions and the lack of universal intelligent design strategy. Here, an intelligent design platform based on deep neural networks is proposed, which can map between structure parameters and optical response. The well‐trained network model can intelligently retrieve nanostructures to meet multidimensional optical requirements of metasurfaces. Four metalenses for chiral focusing are realized by the design platform and the simulation results are highly consistent with the design target. In addition, metalenses based on arbitrary polarization at various working wavelength are also demonstrated, showing that the method has powerful design ability. Various optical properties of nanostructures, such as phase shift and polarization, are manipulated by deep neural networks, which can greatly promote the development of multifunctional devices and further pave the way for optical display, communication, computing, sensing, and other applications.
Conservation initiatives of Syngnathiformes species in the southern Philippines: What does the mitochondrial DNA signature tell us?
Authors: Tabugo Sharon Rose M. , Ortega Rose Chinly Mae H. , Padasas Chinee S. , Oñate Carl Nico P. , Dablo Grazzette Anne N. , Balatero Tricksie P. , Maguate Noel John Ian Feben S. , Martinez Joey Genevieve T. , Galvez‐Reyes Nancy , Uy Mylene M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA signatures based on the control region and 12S rRNA gene were used to assess the impact of conservation measures on the effective management of vulnerable Syngnathiformes (seahorses, pipefishes, and allies) species. Results from phylogenetic inference, polymorphism, neutrality indices, haplotype networks and microhabitat information may justify the establishment of distinct management units for different species.
For smooth seahorses, Hippocampus kuda was identified as a species complex that formed three clusters with 20 haplotypes. Based on molecular data, these are the first records of Hippocampus capensis and Hippocampus casscsio in the Philippines. High haplotype diversity (h = 28; Hd = 0.943), yet low nucleotide diversity (Pi:0.18095) for polymorphism, suggests minor differences among haplotypes. Neutrality indices calculated using Tajima's D (−2.00774), with P < 0.05 and Fu's Fs (−11.645), were significant. However, both tests were negative, a signature of rapid population expansion from a small effective population size, which could be attributed to past heavy harvests and habitat destruction, as supported by local data.
For pipefishes and their allies, there was high haplotype diversity (h = 22; Hd = 0.875) and low nucleotide diversity of Pi: 0.16671. However, neutrality indices calculated using Tajima's D (−1.68518) and Fu's Fs (11.549) were not significant, with P > 0.05, indicating a balancing selection for this population.
Results reveal that the recent population expansion of seahorses proves that current conservation measures are effectively safeguarding populations, while balancing selection is maintaining genetic polymorphism in pipefishes and their relatives, making them resilient to changing environments. Moreover, as revealed by haplotype networks, intraspecific variation suggests distinct management for different species.
In addition, underwater surveys show an essential association between microhabitats and species' survival, thus encouraging future initiatives regarding habitat protection, especially coral reefs, seagrass beds, sponge gardens, mangrove areas and estuaries.
Public knowledge and awareness of the conservation of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) along the central coast of Peru
Authors: Guidino Chiara , Cortez‐Casamayor Sarai , Campbell Elizabeth , Cajaleón Mateo , Peña‐Cutimbo Nelly , Delgado Mauricio , Moran‐Valverde Jenyffer , Arbulu‐Vercauteren Yvette , Pacheco Aldo S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Although the coastal common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus is under legal protection, this species is threatened by bycatch and direct hunting along the Peruvian coast.
Species conservation can be better achieved if communities are empowered with knowledge and actions to mitigate negative impacts on vulnerable species. Thus, it is important to understand people's degree of knowledge about a species and its conservation issues.
This study evaluated the knowledge and perception of aspects of the biology, ecology and conservation status of the common bottlenose dolphin in coastal communities along the central coast of Peru. Structured questionnaires were completed by 197 people, and seven people participated in open‐ended interviews in January 2022.
Most respondents were knowledgeable of the distribution and ecology of common bottlenose dolphins. Seventy per cent of those surveyed were aware of some threats to this species. Some respondents were eager to take part in actions that would aid in the conservation of the species. However, 69.5% (n = 137) were unfamiliar with the word ‘bycatch’.
Charismatic species can engage the public in conservation actions. This research shows that common bottlenose dolphin can be used as a flagship species for marine conservation. It is important to actively involve all stakeholders, particularly fishers, in conservation efforts and the measures that need to be taken to improve common bottlenose dolphin conservation.
High‐loading LiBH4 Confined in Structurally Tunable Ni Catalyst‐decorated Porous Carbon Scaffold for Fast Hydrogen Desorption
Authors: Guo Yusang , Liu Yafei , Feng Lizhuang , An Cuihua , Wang Yijing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCatalysts combined with nanoconfinement can improve the sluggish desorption kinetics and poor reversibility of LiBH4. However, at high LiBH4 loading, their hydrogen storage performance is significantly reduced. Herein, a porous carbon‐sphere scaffold decorated with Ni nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesised by calcining a Ni metal‐organic framework precursor, followed by partial etching of the Ni NPs to fabricate an optimised scaffold with a high surface area and large porosity that accommodates high LiBH4 loading (up to 60 wt.%) and exhibits remarkable catalyst/nanoconfinement synergy. Owing to the catalytic effect of Ni2B (formed in situ during dehydrogenation) and the reduced hydrogen diffusion distances, the 60 wt.% LiBH4 confined system exhibited enhanced dehydrogenation kinetics with >87% of the total hydrogen storage capacity released within 30 min at 375 °C. The apparent activation energies were significantly reduced to 110.5 and 98.3 kJ/mol, compared to that of pure LiBH4 (149.6 kJ/mol). Moreover, partial reversibility was achieved under moderate conditions (75 bar H2, 300 °C) with rapid dehydrogenation during cycling.
UPLC/Q‐TOF–MS‐based metabolomics evaluate the efficacy of oroxylin A against postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Xian Yansi , Nong Yunyuan , Gao Yijie , Su Yuangang , Lei Zhiqiang , Lian Haoyu , Cheng Jianwen , Liang Jiamin , Feng Xiaoliang , Liu Zhijuan , Zhao Jinmin , Zhao Tongling , Su Zhiheng , Liu Qian , Song Fangming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPost‐menopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common metabolic bone malady characterized by bone mass loss and bone microarchitectural deterioration; however, there is currently no effective drug for its management. According to our previous study, oroxylin A (OA) could effectively protect ovariectomized (OVX)‐osteoporotic mice from bone loss; however, its therapeutic targets are still unclear. From a metabolomic perspective, we studied serum metabolic profiles to discover potential biomarkers and OVX‐related metabolic networks, which could assist us to comprehend the impact of OA on OVX. Five metabolites were identified as biomarkers associated with 10 related metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and phenylalanine, tryptophan and glycerophospholipid metabolism. After OA treatment, the expression of multiple biomarkers changed, with lysophosphatidylcholine (18:2) being a major significantly regulated biomarker. Our study demonstrated that OA's effects on OVX are probably related to the regulation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Our findings explain the role of OA against PMOP in terms of metabolism and pharmacology and provide a pharmacological foundation for OA treatment of PMOP.
Developing an emotion‐focused therapy model for fear of cancer recurrence: A case‐level task analysis
Authors: Almeida Susana N. , Elliott Robert , Silva Eunice R. , Sales Célia M. D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) involves anxiety about the possible return or progression of the disease. It is common among people surviving cancer, covering a range of adaptive and maladaptive responses including clinical presentations of FCR, for which different psychological interventions have been developed, most within the cognitive‐behavioural paradigm. Recently, emotion‐focused therapy (EFT) has been proposed as an alternative and has been the subject of research focusing on the cancer population and cancer‐related issues, including FCR. In this study, we looked closely at a successful case from a larger exploratory study, carrying out a discovery‐phase task analysis aimed at identifying the main components of EFT–FCR. We found that this approach generally followed the usual structure of an EFT intervention, with four distinct phases. However, we identified some specific secondary processes (e.g., hypervigilance and catastrophising) and clarified the nature of the core pain in this presentation as existential (e.g., fear of dying).
Dihydroisocoumarins and Phenylglycosides from Scorzonera longiana, Their Antimicrobial Activities and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Korkmaz Büşra , Renda Gülin , Bozdal Gözde , Coşkunçelebi Kamil , Bozdeveci Arif , Uzuner Ugur , Yaylı Nurettin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFive new phenyl dihydroisocoumarin glycosides (1–5) and two known compounds (6–7) were identified from the butanol fraction of Scorzonera longiana. The structures of 1–7 were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods. Antimicrobial, antitubercular, and antifungal evaluation of compounds 1–7 were carried out using the microdilution method against nine microorganisms. Compound 1 was active only against Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) with a MIC value of 14.84 μg/mL. All tested compounds (1–7) were active against Ms but only compounds 3–7 were active against fungi (C. albicans, S. cerevisiae) with MIC values of 25.0–125 μg/mL. In addition, molecular docking studies were conducted against Ms DprE1 (PDB ID: 4F4Q), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mbt) DprE1 (PDB ID: 6HEZ), and arabinosyltransferase C (EmbC, PDB ID: 7BVE) enzymes. Compounds 2, 5, and 7 are the most effective Ms 4F4Q inhibitors. Compound 4 was the most promising inhibitory activity on Mbt DprE with the lowest binding energy of −9,9 kcal/mol.
Ameliorative effect of sesame oil on experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross‐link between XBP‐1/PPAR‐1, regulatory proteins for lipogenesis/steroids
Authors: Elshamy Amira Mostafa , Shatat Doaa , AbuoHashish Norhan Ahmed , Safa Mohamed Abd Elmotaal , Elgharbawy Nashwa , Ibrahim Hoda Ali , Barhoma Ramez Abd Elmoneim , Eltabaa Eman Fawzy , Ahmed Ahmed S. , Shalaby Amany Mohamed , Alabiad Mohamed Ali , Alorini Mohammed , Ibrahim Rowida Raafat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a mixed endocrine/metabolic/reproductive disorder in women of reproductive age. Sesame oil (SO) contains sesame lignans & vitamin E with broad‐spectrum antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. This study investigates the ameliorative effect of SO on experimentally induced PCOS and elucidates the possible molecular mechanisms with a deeper focus on the different signaling pathways involved. The study was carried out on 28 nonpregnant female Wister albino rats that were divided into four equal groups; Group I (control group) received oral 0.5% wt/vol carboxymethyl cellulose daily. Group II (SO group): orally administered SO (2 mL/kg body wt./day) for 21 days. Group III (PCOS group) received letrozole daily, 1 mg/kg, for 21 days. Group IV (PCOS + SO group): concomitantly administered letrozole and SO for 21 days. The serum hormonal and metabolic panel and the homogenate ATF‐1, StAR, MAPK, PKA, and PI3K levels of the ovarian tissue were calorimetrically evaluated. However, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was evaluated by ovarian XBP1 and PPAR‐γ messenger RNA expression level using the qRT‐PCR technique. Ovarian COX‐2 was detected immunohistochemically. The results suggest that SO‐treated PCOS rats showed a significantly improved hormonal, metabolic panel, inflammatory, and ER stress status with concomitant decreases in ATF‐1, StAR, MAPK, PKA, and PI3K in ovarian rats compared to the correspondent values in PCOS without treatment.ConclusionsThe protective effects of SO against PCOS are triggered by ameliorating regulatory proteins of ER stress, lipogenesis, and steroidogenesis through the PI3K/PKA and MAPK/ERK2 signaling cascades.Significance StatementPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common mixed endocrine‐metabolic dysfunction among women within the reproductive period, with an estimated prevalence of 5%–26% worldwide. Doctors traditionally recommend metformin for PCOS patients. However, metformin is known to be associated with significant adverse effects and contraindications. This work aimed at shedding light on the ameliorative effect of sesame oil (SO), natural polyunsaturated fatty acids‐rich oil, on the induced PCOS model. SO proved to have a marvelous effect on the metabolic and endocrine derangements in the PCOS rat model. We hoped to provide a valuable alternative treatment for PCOS patients to avoid the side effects of metformin and to help PCOS patients for whom metformin is contraindicated.
Bilateral basal ganglia calcifications and Graves' disease in a young patient: A very rare association (case report)
Authors: Okar Lina , Habib Mhd Baraa , Hamad Mohammad Khair 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBasal ganglia calcifications have been linked to a wide range of conditions. Mostly it is an idiopathic finding, especially in the elderly. Endocrinological and neurological disorders are two significant entities causing this radiological finding. Here, we report the first case that suggests a possible correlation between Graves' disease and basal ganglia calcifications.
Duplication of urethra: A case report from Nepal
Authors: Thapa Sajina , Awal Shila , Basukala Sunil , Thapa Narayan , Thapa Bikash Bikram , Thapa Suresh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUrethral duplication is uncommon with few cases reported in the literature. We report a case in which a patient presented with discharge from proximal part of penis since childhood and recent history of infection. The diagnosis of pre‐pubic sinus was made and complete excision of the sinus tract was done.
Whitish patches on the buccal mucosa: Role of dermoscopy
Authors: Baklouti Massara , Mnif Emna , Sellami Khadija , Turki Hamida 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMorsicatio is caused by chronic self‐inflicted biting of the buccal mucosa that results in clinically whitish plaques. It is frequently confused with other dermatological mucosal disorders. To avoid needless invasive procedures, dermoscopy can help with differential diagnosis. Dermoscopy shows whitish and yellowish structureless areas and lines, small erosions, and some white scales. The lack of additional, more specific signs such as Wickham striae is crucial to guide the diagnosis.
Invasive lobular carcinoma metastasis mimicking primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma
Authors: Jinushi Ryuhei , Tashima Tomoaki , Sato Ryo , Kawasaki Tomonori , Ryozawa Shomei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe endoscopic findings of gastric metastases from breast carcinoma are nonspecific, and often difficult to distinguish from primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Therefore, pathological findings are key to diagnosis.
Case report: Management challenges of late diagnosed 17‐alpha hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Ben Salah Dhoha , Trimeche Oumeyma , Elleuch Mouna , El abed Wafa , Salah Ameni , Abdelhadi Fatma , Kammoun Hassen , Feki Wiem , Mnif Zeineb , Chaabouni Khansa , Ayedi Fatma , Mnif Fatma , Rekik Nabila , Mnif Mouna , Charfi Nadia , Hadj kacem Faten , Abid Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein we report the intriguing case of a 42‐year‐old woman presenting with grade three hypertension, severe hypokalemia and primary amenorrhea, which revealed to be the complete form of 17 alphahydroxylase deficiency. We also discuss the challenging therapeutic approach as well as the outcomes and the follow‐up of this patient.
Molecular Hinges by Fusion of Pyrrole and Dithiin: Synthesis, Structure, Redox Chemistry and Host–Guest Complexation of Dipyrrolo‐1,4‐dithiins
Authors: Lu Zonghuan , Liu Hongyi , Lv Xinyuan , Lv Wanqian , Liu Yandie , Zhu Kelong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA series of novel hinge‐like molecules, namely dipyrrolo‐1,4‐dithiins (PDs), were prepared and fully characterized by NMR, UV/vis, cyclic voltammogram, ESR, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. The lateral fusion of pyrroles with 1,4‐dithiins has led to not only retained key features of a dithiin, but also enhanced redox‐activity with increased susceptibility to radical cations via redox or chemical oxidation. Stabilization of their radicals are observed for the N,N‐tert‐butyl or N,N‐triphenylmethyl PD as evidenced by ESR measurements. DFT calculations and SCXRD analysis revealed PDs are extremely flexible with adaptive molecular geometries that can be mechanically regulated via crystal packing or host–guest complexation. The excellent donor nature of PDs renders inclusion complexes with the cyclophane bluebox (cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene)), featuring association constants up to 104 M−1. Additionally, a planarized transition intermediate associated with inversion dynamics of a PD has been preserved in the pseudorotaxane structure with assistances of π⋅⋅⋅π and S⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The hinged structure, excellent redox‐activity, and adaptive nature of PDs could further enable accesses to exotic redox switchable host–guest chemistry and functional materials.
A Critical Study on Acylating and Covalent Reversible Fragment Inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease Targeting the S1 Site with Pyridine
Authors: Wamser Rebekka , Pach Szymon , Arkona Christoph , Baumgardt Morris , Aziz Umer Bin Abdul , Hocke Andreas C. , Wolber Gerhard , Rademann Jörg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSARS coronavirus main proteases (3CL proteases) have been validated as pharmacological targets for the treatment of coronavirus infections. Current inhibitors of SARS main protease, including the clinically admitted drug nirmatrelvir are peptidomimetics with the downsides of this class of drugs including limited oral bioavailability, cellular permeability, and rapid metabolic degradation. Here, we investigate covalent fragment inhibitors of SARS Mpro as potential alternatives to peptidomimetic inhibitors in use today. Starting from inhibitors acylating the enzyme's active site, a set of reactive fragments was synthesized, and the inhibitory potency was correlated with the chemical stability of the inhibitors and the kinetic stability of the covalent enzyme‐inhibitor complex. We found that all tested acylating carboxylates, several of them published prominently, were hydrolyzed in assay buffer and the inhibitory acyl‐enzyme complexes were rapidly degraded leading to the irreversible inactivation of these drugs. Acylating carbonates were found to be more stable than acylating carboxylates, however, were inactive in infected cells. Finally, reversibly covalent fragments were investigated as chemically stable SARS CoV‐2 inhibitors. Best was a pyridine‐aldehyde fragment with an IC50 of 1.8 μM at a molecular weight of 211 g/mol, showing that pyridine fragments indeed are able to block the active site of SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease.
Electrostatic Fields Stimulate Absorption of Small Neutral Molecules in Gradient Polyelectrolyte Brushes
Authors: Smook Leon A. , de Beer Sissi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMolecules can partition from a solution into a polymer coating, leading to a local enrichment. If one can control this enrichment via external stimuli, one can implement such coatings in novel separation technologies. Unfortunately, these coatings are often resource intensive as they require stimuli in the form changes of bulk solvent conditions such as acidity, temperature, or ionic strength. Electrically driven separation technology may provide an appealing alternative, as this will allow local, surface‐bound stimuli instead of system‐wide bulk stimuli to induce responsiveness. Therefore, we investigate via coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations the possibility of using coatings with charged moieties, specifically gradient polyelectrolyte brushes, to control the enrichment of the neutral target molecules near the surface with applied electric fields. We find that targets which interact more strongly with the brush show both more absorption and a larger modulation by electric fields. For the strongest interactions evaluated in this work, we obtained absorption changes of over 300 % between the collapsed and extended state of the coating.
Interleukin‐21 in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Mesas‐Fernández Alberto , Bodner Euna , Hilke Franz Joachim , Meier Katharina , Ghoreschi Kamran , Solimani Farzan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudies on the role of interleukins (ILs) in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases allow for the better understanding of pathologic mechanisms of disease and reshaping of treatment modalities. The development of monoclonal antibodies targeting specific ILs or IL signaling pathways (i.e., anti‐IL‐17/IL‐23 in psoriasis or anti‐IL‐4/IL‐13 in atopic dermatitis) is the shining example of therapeutic interventions in research. IL‐21, belonging to the group of ɣc‐cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐7, IL‐9, and IL‐15), is gaining attention for its pleiotropic role in several types of immune cells as activator of various inflammatory pathways. In both health and disease, IL‐21 sustains T‐ and B‐cell activity. Together with IL‐6, IL‐21 helps to generate Th17 cells, promotes CXCR5 expression in T cells, and their maturation into follicular T helper cells. In B cells, IL‐21 sustains their proliferation and maturation into plasma cells and promotes class switching and antigen‐specific antibody production. Due to these characteristics, IL‐21 is a main factor in numerous immunologic disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and MS. Studies in preclinical skin disease models and on human skin strongly suggest that IL‐21 is crucially involved in inflammatory and autoimmune cutaneous disorders. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of IL‐21 in well‐known skin diseases.