bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Immunity in Hamsters Immunized with Fetal Tissues
Authors: Coggin J. H. , Ambrose K. R. , Bellomy B. B. , Anderson N. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hamster and mouse fetal cells were shown to contain antigen cross-reactive with simian virus 40 (SV40)-induced tumor specific transplantation antigen in stimulating a surface reactive, cytostatic (C) antibody against SV40 tumor target cells in diffusion chambers. The antibody was synthesized when 10-day, but not 14-day, irradiated fetal cells were injected into adult, syngeneic hamsters, and these animals were subsequently found to exhibit immunity to SV40 tumor cell challenge. The spectrum of fetal antigens present in hamster fetus was extended to adenovirus 31-stimulated tumors, and the experimental data afford an explanation of the variability previously noted in the status of immunity to tumor challenge in hamsters immunized with syngeneic fetal tissues. The failure of unirradiated fetal cells to induce transplantation immunity was correlated in this work with the development of embryomas or teratomas at the site of immunization. Males responded to fetal immunization better than did female animals although multiparous, pregnant hamsters developed C antibody during pregnancy, and lost it post-partum. The role of fetal antigenic expression in cancer and cancer immunology is considered in relation to these findings.
Renal Tubular Disease and Autoantibodies against Tubular Basement Membrane Induced in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Steblay Raymond W. , Rudofsky Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pigs injected with heterologous renal basement membranes (RBM) and complete Freund's adjuvant (FA) develop a new renal cortical tubular disease and form antibodies that react with renal tubular basement membrane (TBM) (1–3). We now document the characteristics and immunopathology of this renal tubular disease and the presence of anti-TBM antibodies in the serum and along the cortical TBM. Finally, we demonstrate a positive correlation between the incidence of severe tubular disease and large amounts of anti-cortical TBM autoantibodies.
Materials and Methods. RBM, rich in TBM, were prepared from frozen New Zealand White rabbit kidneys3 by a modification of Krakower and Greenspon's method (4). Briefly, rabbit cortex was buttered through a 100-mesh metal screen. The screenings were washed by centrifugation in saline to remove free cells. By repeated shaking and washing of the residue, glomeruli settled faster than tubules. Supernatants rich in tubules were examined microscopically (4, 5).
Localization of Immunoglobulins in Human Prostatic Tissue
Authors: Ablin R. J. , Gonder M. J. , Soanes W. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prompted by recent reports of the successful therapeutic use of cryosurgery for destroying benign and malignant human prostatic tissue (1) and of the reported occurrence of an “immunologic response” accompanied by remission in cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate following cryoprostatectomy (2), we have endeavored to study the immunologic and immunochemical properties of the prostate in man and in experimental animals (3).
In view of the identification of rabbit IgG in coagulo-prostatic fluid, a secretory product of the coagulating and prostate glands of the male rabbit (4), and of the recent observation of the in vivo binding of rabbit IgG to the stroma in a serpentine manner within the folds of each acinus and to accumulations of secretory granules lying within the lumen of the rabbit prostate (5), we though it would be of interest to examine human prostatic tissue for the presence of in vivo bound immunoglobulins.
The Role of Cyclic AMP in the Cytolytic Activity of Lymphocytes
Authors: Henney Christopher S. , Lichtenstein Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cytolytic activity of lymphocyte populations toward cells bearing antigenic determinants against which the lymphocytes are specifically sensitized has received increasing attention recently, principally on account of the relevancy of this phenomenon to allograft immunity. Although it is established that such cytolysis is immunologically specific (1) and requires intimate contact between the “sensitized” lymphocytes and the antigen-bearing (or “target”) cell (2), presumably via the intermediary of a specific antigenic recognition unit on the lymphoid cell surface, little is known of the mechanisms by which the cytolytic event is effected. One suggestion (3) has been that the interaction between the lymphoid and target cells leads to the release of a soluble factor, termed lymphotoxin, which is the mediator of cell lysis.
Exposure of Hidden Antigenic Determinants in Human IgG by Digestion with Spleen Proteases
Authors: Fehr Kurt , LoSpalluto Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fragments of human IgG produced by digestion with spleen proteases were tested for capacity to react with “agglutionators” present in human sera. Antigenic sites, apparently buried in the intact IgG, were exposed by these enzymes. Hemagglutination-inhibition tests indicated that the fragments produced were similar to but not identical with those produced by digestion with pepsin or papain.
Precipitating Antibody to Group a Streptococcal Polysaccharide in Humans
Authors: Zimmerman Robert A. , Auernheimer Arthur H. , Taranta Angelo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A simple method for detecting and quantitating antibodies against streptococal group A carbohydrate (A-CHO) is described. Its limits of sensitivity were determined as 0.84 µg Ab N/ml and 0.6 µg/ml A-CHO antigen (Ag). The precipitating activity was specifically inhibited by N-acetyl-glucosamine and was associated with the serum fraction precipitated by half-saturated ammonium sulfate and by the 7S pool obtained by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The method was highly reproducible using blind duplicates on the same and subsequent days. Subjects with detectable A-CHO antibody varied in population groups from 30% to 84%. The incidence of positive sera in patients with a history of rheumatic fever with or without rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was intermediate between that observed in populations studied under endemic and epidemic conditions. The antibody content was lower in patients with RHD than in those with history of rheumatic fever but no RHD. The age-specific distribution of A-CHO antibody differed from that of an antiprotein streptococcal antibody, antistreptolysin O (ASO), reaching a maximum titer during the teenage years rather than in the elementary school age group when challenge is greatest. There was evidence that the rise in A-CHO antibody following group A infections is lower than the concurrent rise in ASO.
The IgE-Mediated Release of an Eosinophil Leukocyte Chemotactic Factor from Human Lung
Authors: Kay A. B. , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Following antigenic challenge of human lung passively sensitized with serum from a ragweed-sensitive donor, the anaphylactic diffusate contained, in addition to histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), a factor selectively chemotactic for human eosinophils (ECF-A). ECF-A evoked the migration of eosinophils obtained from the blood of a number of donors with eosinophilia. ECF-A was distinguished from histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, the prostaglandins PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2α and from SRS-A. The immunoglobulin mediating the release of ECF-A was IgE. Heating or absorption of ragweed-sensitive serum with a rabbit antibody specific for IgE removed its ability to passively sensitize lung for mediator release, and anti-IgE released ECF-A from normal lung. ECF-A, a unique mediator of the anaphylactic reaction, has been identified in human lung tissue.
Studies on Binding Sites of Myeloma Proteins
Authors: Grossberg Allan L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse IgA myeloma protein S-183 detected as binding the 3-nitro-4-hydroxyl-5-iodophenylacetyl (NIP) groups by precipitation of NIP-protein conjugate, was specifically purified on a NIP-immunoadsorbent (NIP-poly-RSA). The purified protein binds 2 moles NIP-ε-aminocaproate/150,000 g protein with a binding constant (K0) of ∼5.5 × 103 M-1. Fab fragments of specifically purified S-183 have one specific NIP-binding site/50,000 g protein, K0 ≈ 3.1 × 103 M-1. The binding sites on S-183 Fab contain arginyl residues, as do those of conventionally induced rabbit anti-NIP antibodies, as shown by loss of binding sites when 63% of S-183 Fab arginine is glyoxalated. Some protection of the sites from glyoxalation is afforded by 0.1 M NIP. Evidence for the degree of specificity of the S-183 sites for NIP obtains from comparison with NIP binding by MOPC-315 mouse IgA myeloma protein (K0 ∼2 × 103 M-1) which does not precipitate with NIP-protein and by several human IgG myeloma proteins (K0 ∼0.3–0.7 × 103 M-1).
Studies on a Biclonal Gammopathy: Evidence for a Unique Genetic Mechanism Controlling Immunoglobulin Synthesis
Authors: Fudenberg H. H. , Wang A.-C. , Pink J. R. L. , Levin A. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The partial amino acid sequences of the variable regions (V-regions) of 40 human immunoglobulin heavy chains have been examined by automatic sequencing methods. At least three distinct classes of the heavy chain sequences exist; members of any VH class may be found in association with different heavy chain constant regions (e.g., with constant regions of µ, α and γ chains. In addition, the proteins of a patient (Til) who was producing two serum paraproteins was studied: one protein was an IgG2-K and the other an IgM-K immunoglobulin. The light chains of the two proteins through the hypervariable region in positions 30 to 35 were identical. A hypervariable region (HYP-R) was noted in the sequence (30 to 35) of the heavy chains of eight VHIII proteins homologous to the HYP-R in κ chains. The Til IgG and IgM heavy chains were identical in amino acid sequence as far as we have gone to date including this hypervariable region.
Microheterogeneity of Light Chains Derived from a Biclonal Gammopathy
Authors: Grey H. M. , Penn G. , Kunkel H. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A patient, Mi., with a biclonal gammopathy of the λ IgM-λ IgG type was studied. Antisera made against the λ light chains showed idiotypic specificity that was common to both light chains so that by this criterion the light chains derived from the IgG and IgM proteins were identical. However, acid urea starch gel electrophoresis indicated a slight but definite difference in mobility, the light chain derived from the IgG having a slightly more cathodic migration. Amino acid composition analysis of the light chains revealed differences between the two light chains in that the IgM λ chain had one mol less Arg and 0.7 mol less Glu and 1 mol more alanine and tyrosine. All these differences were significant at the 0.05 percentile level. Peptide mapping revealed a single peptide difference in these two preparations. The IgG λ chain had a single spot, which was missing from the IgM and on amino acid analysis was shown to be free Arg.
Common Individually Specific Determinants in Sera with Multiple Monoclonal Proteins
Authors: Penn G. M. , Kunkel H. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Six sera with multiple homogeneous immunoglobulins—two γA-γG, three γM-γG and one γM-γA—were found to have shared individually specific determinants. Two of these sera showed certain points of interest. Patient Mi. had a γMλ and a γG3λ monoclonal protein. The two proteins had common individually specific determinants localized to the heavy chains as determined by hemagglutination inhibition and precipitin analysis using antisera prepared against the γG F(ab′)2 fragment, a mixture of the γM and γG, and isolated γM heavy chains. Patient Wei had γMλ, a γA2λ and a γGK monoclonal protein. The γA2λ and γMλ were shown to have common individually specific determinants, using antiserum prepared against the γA protein, and identical light chains by acid-urea starch gel electrophoresis. These two patients initially had elevated γM concentrations followed by decreasing γM and increasing γG or γA levels.
Production of 19S Antibodies with Restricted Heterogeneity from Sharks
Authors: Clem L. William 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Four of twelve small nurse sharks responded with 7 to 10 mg/ml serum of antibody to the group specific carbohydrate between 1 to 3 months after initial immunization with streptococcal A-variant cells. Three animals responded less well (3 to 5 mg Ab/ml) and five failed to respond (&lt;0.25 mg/ml). Specific antibodies were batch-purified from A-variant carbohydrate-Sepharose immunoadsorbent columns. These antibodies (75% to 95% precipitable with antigen) were shown to represent nurse shark 19S Ig by ultracentrifugal and antigenic analysis; the one exception was the presence of a small amount of 7S material after 181 days. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis revealed that some of these antibodies migrated in a considerably more restricted manner than did pooled immunoglobulin. L chains isolated from extensively reduced and alkylated material exhibited considerably restricted heterogeneity by disc electrophoresis in urea; one preparation showed predominantly a single band.
Cloning of Antibody-Producing Cells in Vivo
Authors: Williamson A. R. , Askonas B. A. , Wright B. E. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A method is described for analyzing serum by isoelectric focusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gels and detecting specific antibody bands by 131I-hapten binding and autoradiography. The isoelectric spectrum of a biosynthetically homogeneous immunoglobulin produced by a single clone of plasma cells is a characteristic pattern of a few bands; such patterns provide phenotypic markers for antibody-forming cell clones. Anti-DNP-forming cell clones were distributed from primed mice by spleen cell transfer at limiting dilution into irradiated syngeneic mice. Preliminary results did not indicate a limit to the number of different anti-DNP antibody molecules. Selected single clones could be propagated by serial spleen cell transfer. The history and properties of one clone (E9) producing IgG anti-DNP are described. Transfer was mediated by memory-precursor cells; antibody production was strictly dependent on antigen (DNP-BGG) at each generation.
The Characterization of Monofocal Antibodies
Authors: Klinman N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Numerous monofocal anti-DNP antibodies produced by fragment cultures of spleens from irradiated mice reconstituted by the transfer of 106 cells from immunized syngeneic mice have been purified. These presumed monoclonal antibodies exhibit homogeneous hapten binding properties and show restricted patterns on cellulose acetate electrophoresis (Immunochemistry, 6:757, 1969; J. Immun., 106: 1345, 1971). In addition, equilibrium dialysis studies indicate complete regain of binding properties after separation and recombination of polypeptide chains derived from such antibodies. Isoelectrofocusing has been adapted to permit the further characterization and purification of such antibodies. Preparations containing monofocal antibodies are electrophoresed in 5 M urea in a pH range of 5–8. Two-millimeter slices of the gels are eluted in water. Antibody is detected in the eluates by a radioimmunoassay. All monofocal antibodies analyzed by this method showed activity restricted to a narrow region.
Cyclic Amp and Immune Responses
Authors: Ishizuka Masaaki , Braun Werner , Matsumoto Takao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In tests with sheep red blood cells as antigen, both poly A and poly A·poly U (= polyA:U) stimulated the appearance of antibody-forming mouse spleen cells under in vitro conditions, poly A:U being more potent than poly A. High concentrations of the single- or double-stranded polynucleotides were less effective than low concentrations, and very high concentrations of poly A:U inhibited the responses. Pretreatment of cells with poly A:U prior to cultivation produced as good or better responses than did the incorporation of polynucleotides into the medium, but such pretreatment was ineffective when poly A:U-treated cells were subsequently exposed to trypsin. Lymphocytes, rather than macrophages, seem to be the principal targets of stimulation. The modification of antibody formation in vitro can be attributed to an alteration of cyclic AMP-mediated events, particularly since cAMP itself as well as the supplementation of poly A:U with theophylline (a known stabilizer of cAMP levels) can increase the number of antibody-forming cells that can be activated in vitro in the presence of a given amount of antigen.
Cyclic AMP and Immune Responses
Authors: Braun Werner , Ishizuka Masaaki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The stimulatory effects of poly A:U and poly I:C on antibody formation can be potentiated by the concurrent administration of theophylline or caffeine. This potentiation is dose-dependent and is absent, or may even lead to inhibited responses, when excessively high levels of theophylline or caffeine are employed. Potentiation is most effective by the subcutaneous route and stimulation expresses itself both in terms of rate of activation of antibody-forming cells as well as in circulating antibody titers. Theophylline, in the absence of poly A:U, stimulates antibody formation only when given subsequent to the time of immunization. These effects of theophylline and caffeine, both known stabilizers of cAMP levels, further support the conclusion that cAMP-mediated events are a critical component of the activation and regulation of immunocompetent cells.
Assay of Australia Antigen and Antibody Employing Double-Antibody and Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay Techniques and Comparison with the Passive Hemagglutination Methods
Authors: Hollinger F. Blaine , Vorndam Vance , Dreesman Gordon R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Australia antigen (Au) and antibody were assayed by double-antibody (RIA-DA) and solid-phase radioimmunoassay methods and the results were compared with those of other serodiagnostic tests. Purified Au (72 µg protein/ml and approximately 1013 particles/ml) was prepared and labeled with 125I. The use of a 2-day RIA-DA procedure (anti-Au + unknown, 6 hr; labeled Au, 18 hr; immunoprecipitating antibody, 24 hr) resulted in Au titers that were usually 5- to 35-fold greater than those obtained by the complement fixation (CF) method, and 5- to 10-fold greater than those resulting from the passive hemagglutination (PHA) inhibition procedure. Shortening the RIA-DA procedure to 1 day or using antibody-coated tubes in a solidphase radioimmunoassay system resulted in Au titers that were two- to threefold less than those obtained by the longer RIA-DA method, although both immunoassays were more sensitive than the CF test. RIA-DA and PHA anti-Au titers were comparable.
Alterations in the Antibody Response to Bovine Serum Albumin by Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Nakashima Izumi , Kobayashi Takashi , Kato Nobuo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunologic paralysis was induced in mice by administration of large amounts of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K). When a paralyzing dose of CPS-K was injected into mice 3 to 30 days before immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-Freund's adjuvant complex, the immune response of mice to BSA was markedly depressed. Conversely, when a paralyzing dose of CPS-K was injected simultaneously with or 3 days after immunization with BSA-Freund's adjuvant complex, the immune response to BSA was enhanced. Paralyzing doses of CPS-K had a marked adjuvant effect on antibody formation to BSA, which is a weak immunogen when administered without any adjuvant. The adjuvant effect of CPS-K was most marked when it was administered simultaneously with BSA. In mice paralyzed with CPS-K serum γ globulin, splenic weight and phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system increased markedly.
Immunologic Investigations of Naturally Occurring Canine Thyroiditis
Authors: Mizejewski Gerald J. , Baron Jennifer , Poissant Gerald 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Naturally occurring canine thyroiditis was characterized in the present study by immunodiffusion, passive hemagglutination, complement fixation, immunofluorescence and skin tests. Canine thyroglobulin and thyroid gland extract were used as sources of antigen in all tests. Thyroid histology was examined in all instances. The study mainly concerned 11 beagles, which were classified as thyroiditis colony dogs. Precipitating antibodies were not detectable, while low titers of PHA and varying titers of CF antibodies were present in the sera of the thyroiditis colony dogs. Among the serologic procedures employed, only the fluorescent antibody (FA) tests were consistently positive. The skin test was generally positive in the less progressive stages of the disease. The dog thyroid extract rather than purified thyroglobulin was required for PHA antibody detection. This latter observation, together with the FA staining patterns obtained, implied involvement of the second colloid antigen. Overall evidence from present and past studies suggested that the development of the canine disorder is similar in many respects to human thyroiditis.
Effects of Intraperitoneal Thymus Graft on Hemolytic Plaque Formation
Authors: Takada Akikazu , Takada Yumiko , Ambrus Julian L. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
CBA/H mice with adult CBA/HT6T6 thymuses implanted intraperitoneally after irradiation and injection with marrow cells had more plaques in their spleens than did non-grafted controls. Chromosome analyses 2 or 7 days following injection of sheep red blood cells indicated that all dividing cells were of host (marrow) origin in the spleens and lymph nodes.
Antiserum to a Soluble Lymphoid Membrane Preparation Stimulates Human Leukocyte DNA Synthesis
Authors: Einstein Albert B. , Mann Dean L. , Ficker Susan , Terry William D. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Rabbit antiserum against soluble human lymphoid cell membrane glycoproteins containing histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens stimulated DNA synthesis in human peripheral blood leukocytes. Absorption of the antiserum with human lymphoid cells totally removed the stimulating activity. Stimulation was independent of the HL-A type of the leukocyte donor. The glycoproteins isolated from papain solubilized lymphoid membrane preparations, therefore, retain sufficient structure to serve as immunogens in the production of heterologous antisera against membrane components. Interaction of these components with antibody leads to increased DNA synthesis.
Reconstitution from Subunits of the Hapten Binding Sites and Idiotypic Determinants of Mouse Anti-Phosphorylcholine Myeloma Proteins
Authors: Sher Alan , Lord Edith , Cohn Melvin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reconstitution experiments were employed to investigate the structure of the hapten binding sites and idiotypic determinants of mouse myeloma proteins with antibody specificity for phosphorylcholine. Quantitative reconstitution of both the phosphorylcholine binding affinity and idiotypic reactivity of these immunoglobulins was shown to require specific heavy and light chain combinations. Interaction of myeloma protein with hapten (phosphorylcholine or choline) had no effect on the expression of the idiotype. The subunits of the immunoglobulins possessing in common an idiotype and affinity for phosphorylcholine reconstituted indistinguishable antibodies. In addition, it was shown that the light chains of the proteins belong to the same κ subgroup. Since these indistinguishable immunoglobulins are found repeatedly, they may represent the expression of the same heavy and light chain variable region genes out of a small number present in the BALB/c germ-line.