bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fungal metabolite 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid from Neofusicoccum parvum modulates defence responses in grapevine
Authors: Flubacher Noemi , Baltenweck Raymonde , Hugueney Philippe , Fischer Jochen , Thines Eckhard , Riemann Michael , Nick Peter , Khattab Islam M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn a consequence of global warming, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have become a pertinent problem to viticulture, because endophytic fungi can turn necrotrophic upon host stress killing the plant. In Neofusicoccum parvum Bt‐67, plant‐derived ferulic acid makes the fungus release Fusicoccin aglycone triggering plant cell death. Now, we show that the absence of ferulic acid lets the fungus secrete 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4‐HPA), mimicking the effect of auxins on grapevine defence and facilitating fungal spread. Using Vitis suspension cells, we dissected the mode of action of 4‐HPA during defence triggered by the bacterial cell‐death elicitor, harpin. Early responses (cytoskeletal remodelling and calcium influx) are inhibited, as well as the expression of Stilbene Synthase 27 and phytoalexin accumulation. In contrast to other auxins, 4‐HPA quells transcripts for the auxin conjugating GRETCHEN HAGEN 3. We suggest that 4‐HPA is a key component of the endophytic phase of N. parvum Bt‐67 preventing host cell death. Therefore, our study paves the way to understand how GTDs regulate their latent phase for successful colonisation, before turning necrotrophic and killing the vines.
Dual effect of light and ultrasound for efficient singlet oxygen generation with novel diaxial silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer
Authors: Köse Gülşah Gümrükçü , Erdoğmuş Ali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo treat a life‐threatening disease like cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) methods were combined into sono‐photodynamic therapy (SPDT) as an effective therapeutic solution. Each day, the usage of phthalocyanine sensitizers increases in the therapeutic applications as they have the ability to produce more reactive oxygen species. In this context, a new diaxially silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer, containing triazole and tert‐butyl groups, was synthesized. After elucidating the structure of the complex with elemental analysis, FT‐IR, UV–Vis, MALDI–TOF MS and 1H NMR, its photophysical, photochemical and sono‐photochemical properties were examined. When singlet oxygen generation capacity of the new synthesized silicon phthalocyanine complex was determined and compared among photochemical (PDT; ФΔ = 0.59 in DMSO, 0.44 in THF, 0.47 in toluene) and sonophotochemical (SPDT; ФΔ = 0.88 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.60 in tetrahydrofuran (THF), 0.65 in toluene) methods, it can be said that the complex is a successful sono‐photosensitizer that can be used as a good SPDT agent in vitro or in vivo future studies.
“I'll wait for the English one”: COVID‐19 vaccine country of origin, national identity, and their effects on vaccine perceptions and uptake willingness
Authors: Atkinson Mark , Ntontis Evangelos , Neville Fergus , Reicher Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVaccines can play a crucial role in reducing the negative outcomes of pandemics. In this paper we explore how vaccine perceptions and uptake willingness can be affected by vaccine‐related information, the vaccine's country of origin, and national identity. Study 1 (N = 800) showed that a vaccine manufactured by China was perceived more negatively compared to vaccines from the UK, Germany, and Chile. Providing vaccine effectiveness information (83%) increased preference for waiting for an alternative vaccine and reduced perceived effectiveness of a vaccine from China. Brexit supporters perceived vaccines as less safe in general, and particularly thought of a vaccine from China as less competent, effective, and trustworthy, and were less prepared to have it. Study 2 (N = 601) largely replicated findings of Study 1 regarding the effects of a vaccine's country of origin. Moreover, participants who reported a higher sense of British superiority reported more negative attitudes towards a vaccine from China. However, apart from the aforementioned main effects of Study 2, our attempt to manipulate British identity vis a vis a Global identity in order to examine particular national‐identity related outcomes was not successful. Overall, vaccine characteristics can interact with various social psychological factors, potentially affecting people's perceptions and willingness to uptake particular measures to support personal and public health.
Community‐oriented policing (COP): An empirical study of its effectiveness on fear of crime
Authors: Lee Jae‐Seung , Lee Heeuk D. , Zhao Jihong Solomon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐oriented policing (COP) has been a central tenet in policing for the past three decades. Accordingly, studies have examined its effectiveness in reducing citizen's fear of crime, one of the legitimate objectives of COP. However, the results of studies are somewhat unclear about the effectiveness.Objectiveshis study attempts to disclose how COP program affects citizens' fear of crime using two waves of survey data collected from citizen participants of the COP program in Houston, Texas.MethodsStructural equation modeling is employed for analysis in this study.ResultsThe findings of this study reveal that COP contributed to reducing fear of crime. In particular, the crime prevention‐related information learned at the COP program increased the participants' sense of collective efficacy, which shows a positive impact on reducing fear of crime.ConclusionsThis study suggest that providing crime prevention information at COP program is important to strengthen volunteer's informal social control, which contribute to reducing their fear of crime.
Complications and outcome following staphylectomy and folded flap palatoplasty in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
Authors: Miller Annellie K. , Regier Penny J. , Colee James C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative variables and complications associated with staphylectomy (S) and folded flap palatoplasty (FFP).Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationClient‐owned dogs (n = 124).MethodsMedical records of S and FFP dogs from a veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed between July 2012 and December 2019. Signalment, clinical pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative data were collected and reviewed. Median (interquartile range) was reported.ResultsA total of 124 dogs among 14 breeds underwent surgical treatment for an elongated soft palate with either a S (n = 64) or FFP (60). FFP dogs without concurrent non‐airway procedures were associated with longer duration of surgery (p = .02; n = 63; S, median = 51 min [34–85]; FFP, median = 75 min [56.25–94.5]) and anesthesia (p = .02; n = 63; S, median = 80 min [66–125]; FFP, median = 111 min [91–140.8]). Neither soft palate surgery was associated with the occurrence of anesthetic complications (p = .30; 99/120; S, 49; FFP, 50), postoperative regurgitation (p = .18; 27/124; S, 17; FFP, 10), or with hospitalization duration (p = .94; n = 124; S, median = 1 day [1]; FFP, median = 1 [1]). Postoperative aspiration pneumonia (9/124; S, 4; FFP, 5) and major complications were rare (5/124; S, 3; FFP, 2).ConclusionS and FFP had similar anesthetic and perioperative complications, although FFP dogs had longer anesthetic and operative times.Clinical significanceAlthough FFP took longer, no other clinically significant differences were appreciated between S and FFP procedures. Because of limitations inherent in study design, surgeons should continue to use clinical judgment when deciding on a procedure.
Monitoring Elastoplastic Deformation in Ductile Metallic Materials Using Sideband Peak Count-Index Technique
Authors: Zhang Guangdong , Li Xiongbing , Li Tianji , Kundu Tribikram 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ductile metallic materials such as aluminum alloy, brass, and steel are widely used in engineering structures. Monitoring elastoplastic deformation in these materials is important for structural health monitoring (SHM) to ensure the safety of structures made of metallic materials. This article presents a newly developed and promising nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) technique called sideband peak count-index (or SPC-I) for monitoring the early stages of elastoplastic deformation in ductile metallic alloy Al6061. Experimental results presented in this article show that the elastic range of the Al6061 SPC-I values shows slight changes due to the inherent inhomogeneities (imperfect grain boundaries or dislocations at the grain boundaries under loadings) of Al6061. Then the SPC-I value changes rapidly as the material enters the plastic range zone. Compared to the linear ultrasonic (LU) parameters (wave velocity and attenuation changes), the SPC-I shows a noticeable advantage (higher sensitivity) for monitoring the early stages of the elastoplastic deformation in these ductile metallic specimens investigated in this study. It is concluded that the SPC-I technique is useful for monitoring deformations in ductile metallic materials, especially in their plastic zone. This work extends the applicability of the SPC-I technique for monitoring elastoplastic deformations in metallic specimens that have not been reported in earlier works and can provide some guidelines for SHM related to elastoplastic deformation in metallic structures.
Large Eddy Simulation of Convective Heat Transfer in a Random Pebble Bed Using the Spectral Element Method
Authors: Nguyen Tri , Reger David , Dai Dezhi , Merzari Elia , Yuan Haomin , Jackson Brian , Busco Giacomo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The development of fluoride-cooled high-temperature reactors has drastically increased the demand for an in-depth understanding of the heat transfer (HT) in packed beds cooled by liquid salts. The complex flow fields and space-dependent porosity found in a pebble bed require a detailed understanding to ensure the proper cooling of the reactor core during normal and accident conditions. As detailed experimental data are complicated to obtain for these configurations, high-fidelity simulation such as large eddy simulation and direct numerical simulation (DNS) can be employed to create a high-resolution heat transfer numerical database that can assist in addressing industrial-driven issues associated with the heat transfer behavior of fluoride-cooled high-temperature reactors. In this paper, we performed a series of large eddy simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code NekRS to investigate the heat transfer for a bed of 1741 pebbles. The characteristics of the flow, such as average, rms, and time series of velocity and temperature, have been analyzed. Porous media averages have also been performed. The simulation results show a good agreement between non-conjugate heat transfer and conjugate heat transfer. The generated data will be used to benchmark heat transfer modeling methods and local maxima/minima of heat transfer parameters. It will also be used for supporting convective heat transfer quantification for Kairos Power and benchmarking lower fidelity models.
Validation and Verification Analyses of Turbulent Forced Convection of Na and NaK in Miniature Heat Sinks
Authors: Pourghasemi Baixuan , Fathi Nima 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of two computational models applied to the turbulent forced convection of alkali liquid metals of Na and NaK. The results of local Nusselt numbers for two turbulent models of realizable k-ε and SST k-ω are evaluated in this analysis. A solution verification process is carried out to determine epistemic uncertainty in computational results of convective heat transfer rates of Na in stainless steel (SS-316) miniature heat sinks. Besides solutions verification, the Numerical results were validated against the experimental data for local Nusselt numbers of NaK turbulent flow within a uniformly heated tube at a Reynolds number of 30,260. The results from the SST k-ω model follow the trend of the experimental data better than the realizable k-ε turbulent model. The realizable k-ε turbulent model overestimates the NaK local Nusselt numbers by almost 5%. In both turbulent models, the maximum epistemic uncertainty of the local convective heat transfer rate is 4% within the investigated miniature heat sink at a Reynolds number of 9,000.
Histoplasma capsulatum
requires peroxisomes for multiple virulence functions including siderophore biosynthesis
Authors: Brechting Peter J. , Shah Chandan , Rakotondraibe Liva , Shen Qian , Rappleye Chad A. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Peroxisomes are versatile eukaryotic organelles essential for many functions in fungi, including fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. A suite of Pex proteins (peroxins) maintains peroxisomes, while peroxisomal matrix enzymes execute peroxisome functions. Insertional mutagenesis identified peroxin genes as essential components supporting the intraphagosomal growth of the fungal pathogen
Histoplasma capsulatum
. Disruption of the peroxins Pex5, Pex10, or Pex33 in
H. capsulatum
prevented peroxisome import of proteins targeted to the organelle via the PTS1 pathway. This loss of peroxisome protein import limited
H. capsulatum
intracellular growth in macrophages and attenuated virulence in an acute histoplasmosis infection model. Interruption of the alternate PTS2 import pathway also attenuated
H. capsulatum
virulence, although only at later time points of infection. The Sid1 and Sid3 siderophore biosynthesis proteins contain a PTS1 peroxisome import signal and localize to the
H. capsulatum
peroxisome. Loss of either the PTS1 or PTS2 peroxisome import pathway impaired siderophore production and iron acquisition in
H. capsulatum
, demonstrating compartmentalization of at least some biosynthetic steps for hydroxamate siderophore biosynthesis. However, the loss of PTS1-based peroxisome import caused earlier virulence attenuation than either the loss of PTS2-based protein import or the loss of siderophore biosynthesis, indicating additional PTS1-dependent peroxisomal functions are important for
H. capsulatum
virulence. Furthermore, disruption of the Pex11 peroxin also attenuated
H. capsulatum
virulence independently of peroxisomal protein import and siderophore biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate peroxisomes contribute to
H. capsulatum
pathogenesis by facilitating siderophore biosynthesis and another unidentified role(s) for the organelle during fungal virulence.

IMPORTANCE

The fungal pathogen
Histoplasma capsulatum
infects host phagocytes and establishes a replication-permissive niche within the cells. To do so,
H. capsulatum
overcomes and subverts antifungal defense mechanisms which include the limitation of essential micronutrients.
H. capsulatum
replication within host cells requires multiple distinct functions of the fungal peroxisome organelle. These peroxisomal functions contribute to
H. capsulatum
pathogenesis at different times during infection and include peroxisome-dependent biosynthesis of iron-scavenging siderophores to enable fungal proliferation, particularly after activation of cell-mediated immunity. The multiple essential roles of fungal peroxisomes reveal this organelle as a potential but untapped target for the development of therapeutics.
Neonatal administration of fenofibrate had no developmental programming effect on the lipid profile and relative leucocyte telomere lengths of adolescent rats fed a high-fructose diet postnatally
Authors: Ibrahim Kasimu Ghandi , Chivandi Eliton , Erlwanger Kennedy Honey , Brooksbank Richard Leslie 
Published: July 2023

Telomere length, a marker of ageing, is susceptible to developmental programming that may cause its accelerated attrition. Metabolic syndrome triggers telomere attrition. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist, is protective against telomere attrition. We investigated the impact of fenofibrate administered during suckling on the lipid profile and leucocyte telomere lengths of rats fed a high-fructose diet post-weaning. Suckling Sprague-Dawley pups ( n = 119) were allocated to four groups and gavaged with either 10 mL·kg−1 body mass 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide, 100 mg·kg−1 body mass fenofibrate, fructose (20%, w / v), or a combination of fenofibrate and fructose for 15 days. Upon weaning, each of the initial groups was split into two subgroups: one had plain water while the other had fructose solution (20%, w / v) to drink for 6 weeks. Blood was collected for DNA extraction and relative leucocyte telomere length determination by real-time PCR. Plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were also quantified. The treatments had no effect ( p > 0.05) on body mass, cholesterol concentration, and relative leucocyte telomere lengths in both sexes. Post-weaning fructose increased triglyceride concentrations ( p < 0.05) in female rats. Fenofibrate administered during suckling did not affect ageing nor did it prevent high fructose-induced hypertriglyceridaemia in female rats.
Hensel minimality: Geometric criteria for ℓ-h-minimality
Authors: Vermeulen Floris 
Published: July 2023

Recently, Cluckers et al. developed a new axiomatic framework for tame non-Archimedean geometry, called Hensel minimality. It was extended to mixed characteristic together with the author. Hensel minimality aims to mimic o-minimality in both strong consequences and wide applicability. In this paper, we continue the study of Hensel minimality, in particular focusing on [Formula: see text]-h-minimality and [Formula: see text]-h-minimality, for [Formula: see text] a positive integer. Our main results include an analytic criterion for [Formula: see text]-h-minimality, preservation of [Formula: see text]-h-minimality under coarsening of the valuation and [Formula: see text]-dimensional geometry.
Degrees of categoricity and treeable degrees
Authors: Csima Barbara F. , Rossegger Dino 
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we give a characterization of the strong degrees of categoricity of computable structures greater or equal to [Formula: see text]. They are precisely the treeable degrees — the least degrees of paths through computable trees — that compute [Formula: see text]. As a corollary, we obtain several new examples of degrees of categoricity. Among them we show that every degree [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] a computable ordinal greater than 2 is the strong degree of categoricity of a rigid structure. Using quite different techniques we show that every degree [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is the strong degree of categoricity of a structure. Together with the above example this answers a question of Csima and Ng. To complete the picture we show that there is a degree [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] that is not the degree of categoricity of a rigid structure.
Intravenous Thrombolysis Increases the First Pass Effect for Large Vessel Occlusion Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Kamiya Yuki , Suzuki Kentaro , Miyauchi Yoshifumi , Kuriki, Ayako , Mizuma Keita , Tsuruta Wataro , Matsumaru Yuji , Kimura Kazumi ,   for the SKIP study Investigators
Published: July 2023

Background
It remains unclear whether intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) influences the incidence of the first pass effect (FPE) in patients with acute large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of IVT on FPE in patients treated with MT.

Methods
This is a post hoc analysis of the SKIP (Direct Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute LVO Stroke) study, which was an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, randomized, open‐label clinical trial performed in 23 hospital networks in Japan from January 1, 2017, to July 31, 2019. Among 204 patients, 24 were excluded because they did not undergo MT. Patients treated with MT alone were compared with those treated with MT+IVT for the incidence of FPE (achieving a modified treatment in cerebral ischemia score of 2c or 3 after the first MT pass). Additional subgroup analyses were performed to investigate factors more closely related to the association between IVT and FPE.

Results

Among the 180 patients, 91 were treated with MT alone and 89 were treated with MT+IVT. FPE was achieved in 56 patients (31.1%). The incidence of FPE was significantly higher in patients treated with MT+IVT than in those treated with MT alone (39.3% versus 23.0%, respectively;
P
=0.02). In the subgroup analyses, IVT markedly increased FPE in female patients and tended to increase FPE in patients with first‐segment middle cerebral artery distal occlusion and onset to hospital arrival time >100 minutes.

Conclusion
IVT using alteplase increased the incidence of FPE in Japanese patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with MT.

Trial Registration
: Trial registration umin.ac.jp/ctr identifier: UMIN000021488
Leukoaraiosis Is Not Associated With Recovery From Aphasia in the First Year After Stroke
Authors: Brito Alexandra C. , Levy Deborah F. , Schneck Sarah M. , Entrup Jillian L. , Onuscheck Caitlin F. , Casilio Marianne , de Riesthal Michael , Davis L. Taylor , Wilson Stephen M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
After a stroke, individuals with aphasia often recover to a certain extent over time. This recovery process may be dependent on the health of surviving brain regions. Leukoaraiosis (white matter hyperintensities on MRI reflecting cerebral small vessel disease) is one indication of compromised brain health and is associated with cognitive and motor impairment. Previous studies have suggested that leukoaraiosis may be a clinically relevant predictor of aphasia outcomes and recovery, although findings have been inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between leukoaraiosis and aphasia in the first year after stroke. We recruited 267 patients with acute left hemispheric stroke and coincident fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI. Patients were evaluated for aphasia within 5 days of stroke, and 174 patients presented with aphasia acutely. Of these, 84 patients were evaluated at ∼3 months post-stroke or later to assess longer-term speech and language outcomes. Multivariable regression models were fit to the data to identify any relationships between leukoaraiosis and initial aphasia severity, extent of recovery, or longer-term aphasia severity. We found that leukoaraiosis was present to varying degrees in 90% of patients. However, leukoaraiosis did not predict initial aphasia severity, aphasia recovery, or longer-term aphasia severity. The lack of any relationship between leukoaraiosis severity and aphasia recovery may reflect the anatomical distribution of cerebral small vessel disease, which is largely medial to the white matter pathways that are critical for speech and language function.
Metacognitive Information Theory
Authors: Dayan Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The capacity that subjects have to rate confidence in their choices is a form of metacognition, and can be assessed according to bias, sensitivity and efficiency. Rich networks of domain-specific and domain-general regions of the brain are involved in the rating, and are associated with its quality and its use for regulating the processes of thinking and acting. Sensitivity and efficiency are often measured by quantities called meta–d′ and the M-ratio that are based on reverse engineering the potential accuracy of the original, primary, choice that is implied by the quality of the confidence judgements. Here, we advocate a straightforward measure of sensitivity, called meta–𝓘, which assesses the mutual information between the accuracy of the subject’s choices and the confidence reports, and two normalized versions of this measure that quantify efficiency in different regimes. Unlike most other measures, meta–𝓘-based quantities increase with the number of correctly assessed bins with which confidence is reported. We illustrate meta–𝓘 on data from a perceptual decision-making task, and via a simple form of simulated second-order metacognitive observer.