bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of two-phase flow patterns in a serpentine microfluidic device
Authors: Amini Younes , Ghazanfari Valiyollah , Heydari Mehran , Shadman Mohammad Mahdi , Khamseh A. Gh. , Khani Mohammad Hassan , Hassanvand Amin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the current research work, the flow behavior of a liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) process in a serpentine microchannel was analyzed. The simulation was performed using a 3D model and the results were found to be consistent with experimental data. The impact of the flow of chloroform and water on the flow model was also examined. The data indicate that once the aqua and organic phases flow rates are low and similar, a slug flow pattern is observed. However, as the overall flow rate raises, the slug flow transforms into parallel plug flow or droplet flow. An increment in the aqua flows while maintaining a constant organic phase flow rate results in a transition from slug flow to either droplet flow or plug flow. Finally, the patterns of flow rate in the serpentine micro-channel were characterized and depicted. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the behavior of two-phase flow patterns in serpentine microfluidic devices. This information can be used to optimize the design of microfluidic devices for various applications. Furthermore, the study will demonstrate the applicability of CFD simulation in investigating the behavior of fluids in microfluidic devices, which can be a cost-effective and efficient alternative to experimental studies.
A generative force model for surgical skill quantification using sensorised instruments
Authors: Straižys Artūras , Burke Michael , Brennan Paul M. , Ramamoorthy Subramanian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurgical skill requires the manipulation of soft viscoelastic media. Its measurement through generative models is essential both for accurate quantification of surgical ability and for eventual automation in robotic platforms. Here we describe a sensorised scalpel, along with a generative model to assess surgical skill in elliptical excision, a representative manipulation task. Our approach allows us to capture temporal features via data collection and downstream analysis. We demonstrate that incision forces carry information that is relevant for skill interpretation, but inaccessible via conventional descriptive statistics. We tested our approach on 12 medical students and two practicing surgeons using a tissue phantom mimicking the properties of human skin. We demonstrate that our approach can bring deeper insight into performance analysis than traditional time and motion studies, and help to explain subjective assessor skill ratings. Our technique could be useful in applications spanning forensics, pathology as well as surgical skill quantification.
Design and analysis of concave‐core stator direct‐drive permanent magnet motor
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Zhang Bingyi , Hu Yan , Feng Guihong , Wu Jiacheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo solve the problems mechanically caused by parallel direct‐drive permanent magnet motors (DD‐PMSM). This paper proposes a concave‐core stator direct‐drive permanent magnet motor (CCSDD‐PMSM) structure. In this study, an auxiliary yoke structure is proposed to optimise the magnetic circuit and analyse the cogging torque to achieve the minimum detent force. Based on the unit motor and combined with the magnetomotive force to analyse the symmetry of different winding distributions, the stability characteristics of the motor are studied. The magnetic field distribution of the motor load air gap is calculated using the finite element method. The contribution of different spatial order harmonics to the motor output torque is calculated using the Maxwell tensor method. The torque calculation expression of the CCSDD‐PMSM is given. Finally, an experimental prototype is made to verify the accuracy of the analysis in this paper.
TFODn‐FOPI multi‐stage controller design to maintain an islanded microgrid load‐frequency balance considering responsive loads support
Authors: Shayeghi Hossein , Rahnama Alireza , Bizon Nicu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModern electrical power system design will increase renewable energy sources (RES) dominance. Rotating masses, the main source of inertia in power systems, have been greatly decreased in renewable energy producing systems. Thus, load–frequency equilibrium is an important indicator of these systems' performance and safety. This work introduces a fractional‐order (FO) operator‐based cascade control structure for islanded microgrid (μG) load‐frequency control (LFC). The structure utilizes a tilt–FO derivative with filter (TFODn) in the first level to reduce noise. The second level implements the proportional integral (PI) controller's FO form (FOPI), making it a tilt–FO derivative with a filter cascaded to the FOPI controller (TOFDn‐FOPI). The optimal controller parameters for quick dynamic responses with low frequency fluctuation are determined using a unique cost function and prairie dog optimization (PDO) algorithm. The LFC control loops have frequency deviation‐based responsive loads (RL). Control signal delays, RES output changes, parameter uncertainties, and cyber vandalism are examined. Laboratory‐scale tests also assessed the controller's practicality. The proposed controller outperforms standard and FO type proportional integral derivative (PID) and PD‐PI controllers. The TFODn‐FOPI controller is suitable for complicated closed‐loop systems like islanded μGs due to its faster error clearing, reduced RL capacity, and superior time and frequency domain indicators.
IoT enabled smart solar water heater system using real time ThingSpeak IoT platform
Authors: Chandrasekaran Gokul , Kumar Neelam Sanjeev , A Chokkalingam , V Gowrishankar , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Khan Baseem 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis dissertation aims to reuse the cold water which will initially present inside the water heater and reduce its wastage by sending it back to the water tank. The water heater temperature could be customized based on the number of users either manually or in an automated way using Internet of Things (IoT) techniques. The system is designed and operated using open‐source hardware and an IoT platform. The smart solar water heater with IoT capabilities continuously monitors the tank level, temperature, and pH level, and the data collected by the IoT node is uploaded/published to ThingSpeak. The IoT cloud analyses the sensor value and instructs the control unit of the smart solar system. The IoT enabled solar water heating system efficiency is high for smart homes and Industry 4.0. The main advantages of this model include handling multiple users, reducing the wastage of cold water, and purifying the water based on TDS level and this model aims to make it possible to control the proposed system from anywhere and at any time. The highest efficiency of the respective solar water heater could be well utilized.
In situ enrichment in heavy elements of hot Jupiters
Authors: Morbidelli A. , Batygin K. , Lega E. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Radius and mass measurements of short-period giant planets reveal that many of these planets contain a large amount of heavy elements. Although the range of inferred metallicities is broad, planets with more than 100 M⊕ of heavy elements are not rare. This is in sharp contrast with the expectations of the conventional core-accretion model for the origin of giant planets.
Aims. The proposed explanations for the heavy-element enrichment of giant planets fall short of explaining the most enriched planets. We look for additional processes that can explain the full envelope of inferred enrichments.
Methods. We revisited the dynamics of pebbles and dust in the vicinity of giant planets using analytic estimates and published results on the profile of a gap opened by a giant planet, the radial velocity of the gas with respect to the planet, the Stokes number of particles in the different parts of the disk, and the consequent dust/gas ratio. Although our results are derived in the framework of a viscous α-disk, we also discuss the case of disks driven by angular momentum removal in magnetized winds.
Results. When giant planets are far from the star, dust and pebbles are confined to a pressure bump at the outer edge of the planet-induced gap. When the planets reach the inner part of the disk (rp ≪ 2 au), dust instead penetrates into the gap together with the gas. The dust/gas ratio can be enhanced by more than an order of magnitude if the radial drift of dust is not impeded farther out by other barriers. Thus, hot planets undergoing runaway gas accretion can swallow a large amount of dust, acquiring ~100 M⊕ of heavy elements by the time they reach Jupiter masses.
Conclusions. Whereas the gas accreted by giant planets in the outer disk is very dust-poor, that accreted by hot planets can be extremely dust-rich. Thus, provided that a large fraction of the atmosphere of hot Jupiters is accreted in situ, a large amount of dust can be accreted as well. We draw a distinction between this process and pebble accretion (i.e., the capture of dust without the accretion of gas), which is ineffective at small stellocentric radii, even for super-Earths. Giant planets farther out in the disk are extremely effective barriers against the flow of pebbles and dust across their gap. Saturn and Jupiter, after locking into a mutual mean motion resonance and reversing their migration, could have accreted small pebble debris.
Effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy on hair growth: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Tang Gia Toan , Zwickl Sav , Sinclair Rodney , Zajac Jeffrey D , Cheung Ada S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) leads to changes in body composition, secondary sex characteristics and in the distribution and pattern of hair growth. Transgender individuals undergoing GAHT may experience altered hair growth patterns that may be affirming and desirable, or undesirable with a subsequent impact on their quality of life. Given increasing numbers of transgender individuals commencing GAHT worldwide and the clinical relevance of the impact of GAHT on hair growth, we systematically reviewed the existing literature on the impact of GAHT on hair changes and androgenic alopecia (AGA). The majority of studies used grading schemes or subjective measures of hair changes based on patient or investigator’s examination. Very few studies used objective quantitative measures of hair parameters but demonstrated statistically significant changes in hair growth length, diameter and density. Feminizing GAHT with estradiol and/or antiandrogens in transgender women may reduce facial and body hair growth and also can improve AGA. Masculinizing GAHT with testosterone in transgender men may increase facial and body hair growth as well as induce or accelerate AGA. The impact of GAHT on hair growth may not align with a transgender person’s hair growth goals and specific treatment for AGA and/or hirsutism may be sought. Further research on how GAHT affects hair growth is required.
Antibiotic Myths for the Infectious Diseases Clinician
Authors: McCreary Erin K , Johnson Melissa D , Jones Travis M , Spires S Shaefer , Davis Angelina E , Dyer April P , Ashley Elizabeth Dodds , Gallagher Jason C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Antimicrobials are commonly prescribed and often misunderstood. With more than 50% of hospitalized patients receiving an antimicrobial agent at any point in time, judicious and optimal use of these drugs is paramount to advancing patient care. This narrative will focus on myths relevant to nuanced consultation from infectious diseases specialists, particularly surrounding specific considerations for a variety of antibiotics.
J.M. Keynes’ Tract on Monetary Reform (1923) After 100 Years—A Retrospective
Authors: Bibow Jörg 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article revisits the main themes and theories that Keynes presented in the Tract on Monetary Reform one hundred years ago. It argues that the Tract remains highly relevant today for mainly three reasons. First, the Tract remains relevant as one of the four major monetary works that represent the evolution of Keynes’ monetary thought. Second, the Tract contains theories that were and continue to be important in their own right, especially since they may not have received any attention in the General Theory. Third, the Tract developed policy ideas and proposals that describe common practices of central banks around the world today. In fact, one hundred years later, it is fair to say that modern civilization includes Keynes’ mantra of the Tract as one of its tenets: that a managed currency is inevitable.
‘The effect is/isn’t significant!’: statistical evidence and ELT
Authors: Koval Natalie G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Statistical significance and averages are two pieces of statistical information that are often presented as evidence in support of researchers’ conclusions and teaching recommendations. In this article, I consider interpretation of this information as research evidence for ELT. In simple terms that will be accessible even to readers without any knowledge of statistics, I explain the basic nature of this information with the aim of elucidating what it can and cannot tell us about ELT findings and the implications for our teaching. I discuss what additional information crucially must be considered for adequate interpretation, and specifically how interpretation depends on this information. I urge producers of ELT research to present and interpret this important information and consumers of ELT research to consider it in assessing the implications of ELT findings for their teaching.
Commodity price uncertainty and international trade
Authors: Bakas Dimitrios , Konstantakopoulou Ioanna , Triantafyllou Athanasios 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We empirically investigate the impact of commodity price uncertainty on US and Euro Area (EA) trade flows. Our results indicate that the response of US and EA trade flows to commodity uncertainty shocks is larger, in magnitude and persistence, when compared with the respective impact of commodity supply and demand shocks. Moreover, our analysis shows that a one-standard deviation shock in commodity price volatility has a higher (in magnitude) and more persistent effect on trade when compared with the respective shocks in exchange rates and commodity prices. Finally, an uncertainty shock in various agricultural and metals markets has a similar negative impact on trade flows to that of energy uncertainty shocks.
Preferences for training needs of village doctors in China: a systematic review
Authors: Zhou Liying , Wei Xuefeng , Wu Yanan , Deng Xinxin , Xu Meng , Shang Xue , Fenfen E , Song Guihang , Zhu Yiliang , Yang Kehu , Li Xiuxia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Village doctors, as gatekeepers of the health system for rural residents in China, are often confronted with adversity in providing the basic public healthcare services.

Objective
We sought to summarize the training contents, training method, training location, and training costs most preferred by village doctors in China and hope to provide evidence and support for the government to deliver better training in the future.

Methods
Eight databases were searched to include studies that reported on the training needs of village doctors in China. We undertook a systematic review and a narrative synthesis of data.

Results
A total of 38 cross-sectional studies including 35,545 participants were included. In China, village doctors have extensive training needs. “Clinical knowledge and skill” and “diagnosis and treatment of common disease” were the most preferred training content; “continuing medical education” was the most preferred delivery method; above county- and county-level hospitals were the most desirable training locations, and the training costs were expected to be low or even free.

Conclusion
Village doctors in various regions of China have similar preferences for training. Thus, future training should focus more on the training needs and preferences of village doctors.
Interleukin-6 Drives Mitochondrial Dysregulation and Accelerates Physical Decline: Insights From an Inducible Humanized IL-6 Knock-In Mouse Model
Authors: Nidadavolu Lolita S , Cosarderelioglu Caglar , Merino Gomez Alessandra , Wu Yuqiong , Bopp Taylor , Zhang Cissy , Nguyen Tu , Marx-Rattner Ruth , Yang Huanle , Antonescu Corina , Florea Liliana , Talbot Conover C , Smith Barbara , Foster D Brian , Fairman Jennifer E , Yenokyan Gayane , Chung Tae , Le Anne , Walston Jeremy D , Abadir Peter M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chronic activation of inflammatory pathways (CI) and mitochondrial dysfunction are independently linked to age-related functional decline and early mortality. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is among the most consistently elevated chronic activation of inflammatory pathways markers, but whether IL-6 plays a causative role in this mitochondrial dysfunction and physical deterioration remains unclear. To characterize the role of IL-6 in age-related mitochondrial dysregulation and physical decline, we have developed an inducible human IL-6 (hIL-6) knock-in mouse (TetO-hIL-6mitoQC) that also contains a mitochondrial-quality control reporter. Six weeks of hIL-6 induction resulted in upregulation of proinflammatory markers, cell proliferation and metabolic pathways, and dysregulated energy utilization. Decreased grip strength, increased falls off the treadmill, and increased frailty index were also observed. Further characterization of skeletal muscles postinduction revealed an increase in mitophagy, downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis genes, and an overall decrease in total mitochondrial numbers. This study highlights the contribution of IL-6 to mitochondrial dysregulation and supports a causal role of hIL-6 in physical decline and frailty.
Safety of Biologic and Small Molecule Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Taneja Vikas , Anand Rajsavi S , El-Dallal Mohammed , Dong Jeffrey , Desai Nisa , Taneja Isha , Feuerstein Joseph D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients undergoing organ transplantation are often on immunosuppressing medications to prevent rejection of the transplant. The data on use of concomitant immunosuppression for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and organ transplant management are limited. This study sought to evaluate the safety of biologic and small molecule therapy for the treatment of IBD among solid organ transplant recipients.

Methods
Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies reporting on safety outcomes associated with the use of biologic and small molecule therapy (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and tofacitinib) in patients with IBD postsolid organ transplant (eg, liver, kidney, heart, lung, pancreas). The primary outcome was infectious complications. Secondary outcomes included serious infections, colectomy, and discontinuation of biologic therapy.

Results
Seven hundred ninety-seven articles were identified for screening, yielding 16 articles for the meta-analyses with information on 163 patients. Antitumor necrosis factor α (Anti-TNFs; infliximab and adalimumab) were used in 8 studies, vedolizumab in 6 studies, and a combination of ustekinumab or vedolizumab and anti-TNFs in 2 studies. Two studies reported outcomes after kidney and cardiac transplant respectively, whereas the rest of the studies included patients with liver transplants. The rates of all infections and serious infections were 20.09 per 100 person-years (100-PY; 95% CI, 12.23-32.99 per 100-PY, I2 = 54%) and 17.39 per 100-PY (95% CI, 11.73-25.78 per 100-PY, I2 = 21%), respectively. The rates of colectomy and biologic medication discontinuation were 12.62 per 100-PY (95% CI, 6.34-25.11 per 100-PY, I2 = 34%) and 19.68 per 100-PY (95% CI, 9.97-38.84 per 100-PY, I2 = 74%), respectively. No cases of venous thromboembolism or death attributable to biologic use were reported.

Conclusion
Biologic therapy is overall well tolerated in patients with solid organ transplant. Long-term studies are needed to better define the role of specific agents in this patient population.
Association of Depression With Incident Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Piovani Daniele , Armuzzi Alessandro , Bonovas Stefanos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Individuals with a history of depression/depressive symptoms are suspected to be at increased risk of incident inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

Methods
We systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for longitudinal studies examining the association between depression/depressive symptoms and subsequent new-onset IBD (ie, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis). We included studies in which the exposure was a confirmed diagnosis of depression/depressive symptoms measured through a validated scale. To limit concerns of diagnostic bias and reverse causality, and support temporality between exposure and outcomes, we synthesized estimates corresponding to the longest time lag reported. Two authors extracted study data independently and assessed each study’s risk of bias. Maximally adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates were synthesized using random- and fixed-effects models.

Results
Of 5307 records, 13 studies (8 cohort and 5 nested case-control studies; 9 million individuals) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Depression was significantly associated with incident Crohn’s disease (RRrandom, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.34; 7 studies, 17 676 cases) and ulcerative colitis (RRrandom, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.33; 6 studies, 28 165 cases). The primary studies considered pertinent confounders. Several years, on average, separated exposure and outcomes. No evidence of important heterogeneity or publication bias was found. Summary estimates were at low risk of bias, and results were confirmed in multiple sensitivity analyses. No firm conclusions could be drawn regarding a dilution of the association over time.

Conclusions
Individuals with a history of depression may show small-to-moderate increased risk of IBD even when depression is diagnosed several years before new-onset IBD. Further epidemiological and mechanistic studies should clarify whether these associations are causal.