bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pt(II) Complex‐Based Supramolecular Polymers with Fe(II) Ion
Authors: Kim Junseo , Kim Minhye , Choi Heekyoung , Jung Jong Hwa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn recent years, there has been significant interest in supramolecular architectures such as helical fibers, tubules, and nanotoroids (nanorings) due to their unique physical properties. In this study, we synthesized bis[terpyridine‐based Pt(II)] complexes with an unoccupied terpyridine moiety on the opposite side. Interestingly, the mononuclear terpyridine‐based Pt(II) complexes (Pt‐L1 and Pt‐L2) form helical supramolecular polymers. These supramolecular polymers, exhibited intense photoluminescence at 570–620 nm, corresponding to metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and/or metal‐metal ligand charge transfer (MMLCT). Conversely, the supramolecular polymers formed in the presence of Fe2+ ions were non‐emissive. The metallosupramolecular polymers formed in the absence and presence of Fe2+ ions were generated by π‐π and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions and/or Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions. The supramolecular polymers were formed through a cooperative pathway involving a nucleation‐elongation mechanism. The nonsigmoidal transition of the absorbance change could be fitted by using the equilibrium (EQ) model, from which the thermodynamic parameters (ΔGe, ΔHe, and ΔS) were determined. At 4 mM, the Gibbs′ free energy (ΔGe) of the supramolecular polymers of Pt‐L1 and Pt‐L2 without metal ions was calculated to be −18.9 and −17.4 kJ/mol, respectively.
Do Unresectable Giant Cell Tumors of Bone Treated With Denosumab Progress After Discontinuation of Treatment?
Authors:   DENO Research Group, de la Calva Carolina , Angulo Manuel , González‐Rojo Paula , Peiró Ana , Machado Pau , Cebrián Juan Luis , García‐Maroto Roberto , Valcárcel Antonio , Puertas Pablo , Valero‐Cifuentes Gregorio , Pablos Óscar , Maireles Miriam , Fontalva María Luisa , Chaves Iván , Orce Aida , Coll‐Mesa Luis , Pérez Israel , González Fausto , del Carmen Sanz María , Gracia Isidro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDenosumab represents a valuable treatment option for unresectable giant cell tumors of the bone (GCTBs). However, no standardized protocols exist determining the length of administration, with few studies having been published on patients who reached the end of treatment.AimsTo analyze the outcomes of patients diagnosed with GCTB and who had finished single treatment with denosumab.Methods and ResultsThis is a multicenter, retrospective, descriptive study carried out in seven Spanish hospitals with multidisciplinary sarcoma and musculoskeletal tumor boards, between 2009 and 2019. Sixteen patients diagnosed with unresectable GCTBs and treated with denosumab who had reached the end of their treatment were recruited for the study and had been followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Fifty percent of patients discontinued denosumab after showing signs of tumor control. The disease remained stable in 69% of patients (n = 11), with a median recurrence‐free survival time of 46 months (20–157 months) after being treated for a median period of 19 months (5–83 months). Four patients experienced local progression, and one presented multifocal progression. These five patients were treated for a median period of 46 months (14–76 months), with a median recurrence‐free survival time of 9 months (5–25 months).ConclusionThe findings of the present study suggest that discontinuation of denosumab in patients with unresectable GCTB is not necessarily associated with the progression of the disease. Further research is needed to determine how long denosumab should be administered to minimize the risk of recurrence.
Lower respiratory tract microbiome dysbiosis impairs clinical responses to immune checkpoint blockade in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Yong , Chen Xiang‐Xiang , Chen Ruo , Li Ling , Ju Qing , Qiu Dan , Wang Yuan , Jing Peng‐Yu , Chang Ning , Wang Min , Zhang Jian , Chen Zhi‐Nan , Wang Ke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiome on predicting clinical responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been discussed in detail for decades, while microecological features of the lower respiratory tract within advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still relatively vague.MethodsDuring this study, 26 bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from advanced NSCLC participants who received immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy were performed 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolome sequencing to identify differentially abundant microbes and metabolic characteristics. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also launched in paired BALF and serum samples by immunoassays to uncover their underlying correlations. The omics data were separately analyzed and integrated by using multiple correlation coefficients. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining was then used to assess the immune cell infiltration after immune checkpoint blockade therapy.ResultsLower respiratory tract microbiome diversity favoured preferred responses to ICIs. Microbial markers demonstrated microbial diversity overweight a single strain in favoured response to ICI therapy, where Bacillus matters. Sphingomonas and Sediminibacterium were liable to remodulate lipid and essential amino acid degradations to embrace progression after immunotherapies. Microbiome‐derived metabolites reshaped the immune microenvironment in the lower respiratory tract by releasing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which was partially achieved by metabolite‐mediated tumoral inflammatory products and reduction of CD8+ effective T cells and M1 phenotypes macrophages in malignant lesions.ConclusionsThis study provided a microecological landscape of the lower respiratory tract with advanced NSCLC to ICI interventions and presented a multidimensional perspective with favoured outcomes that may improve the predictive capacity of the localized microbiome in clinical practices.Highlights
Alterations of the lower respiratory tract microbiome indicate different clinical responses to ICB within advanced NSCLC.
Reduced microbial diversity of lower respiratory tracts impairs anti‐tumoral performances.
Microbe‐derived metabolites perform as a dominant regulator to remodify the microecological environment in lower respiratory tracts.
Multi‐omics sequencings of the lower respiratory tract possess the potential to predict the long‐term clinical responses to ICB among advanced NSCLC.
Quantitative Approach for Determining Reproductive Life‐History Strategies of Parasitic Plants: A Case Study in Balanophora
Authors: Padgett Trevor , Su Huei‐Jiun , Wu Shu‐Hui , Huang Li‐yen , Lin Yiching 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTParasitic plants are a diverse and unique polyphyletic assemblage of flowering plants that survive by obtaining resources via direct vascular connections to a host plant. Ecologically important in their native ecosystems, these typically cryptic plants remain understudied and fundamental knowledge of the biology, ecology, and evolution of most species is lacking. This gap limits our understanding of ecosystems and conservation management. We established a multistep protocol to conduct the first investigation of the reproductive life history of root parasite genus Balanophora, testing the hypotheses of perenniality, cryptic perenniality, and plasticity across five geographically isolated populations in Taiwan. A review of 123 Balanophora publications found contradictory determinations, including no determination (87%), perennial (9%), annual (1%), biennial (1%), or a combination (2%). No primary study investigated the question, and no determination was accompanied by reference. Between 2021 and 2024, we tested a hypothesis of perenniality (109 individuals, 135 patches) and cryptic perenniality (73 host samples), monitored population dynamics (whole population), and potential for endophytic/dormant haustorial tissue (101 roots) across five isolated populations of Balanophora fungosa ssp. fungosa in Taiwan. Our results support semelparous annuality. After reproduction, individuals senesce and die, and the following year's population is recruited from newly germinated individuals which together develop in size and number during a vegetative growth period, undergo reproduction, and then themselves senesce and die. Each cycle is completed within a 12‐month period. Synthesis: Our study provides the first quantitative determination of a semelparous annual reproductive life‐history strategy for any species of Balanophora. This determination is important in our progress toward better understanding the species—and parasitic plants in general—as well as ecological roles within ecosystems and conservation management. Our study further provides a template for future work to expand life‐history strategy determination across cryptic root parasitic plants.
Divorce Rates Better Predict Population‐Level Reproductive Success in Little Penguins Than Foraging Behaviour or Environmental Factors
Authors: Simpson Matthew D. , Dickerson Ashton L. , Chiaradia Andre , Davis Lloyd , Reina Richard D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the relative contributions of environmental, behavioural and social factors to reproductive success is crucial for predicting population dynamics of seabirds. However, these factors are often studied in isolation, limiting our ability to evaluate their combined influence. This study investigates how marine environmental variables, foraging behaviour and social factors (divorce), influence reproductive success in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) over 13 breeding seasons. By examining these factors together, we aimed to identify which is the most reliable predictor of population‐level reproductive success. We found that divorce rate was the most consistent predictor of reproductive success, with lower annual rates of divorce preceding the breeding season associated with higher hatching and fledging success. Foraging trip duration also influenced reproductive success, but in contrasting ways: Longer trips during egg incubation were linked with increased hatching success, while shorter trips after hatching led to higher fledging success. Marine environmental conditions had unexpected effects, with a lower Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) correlating with improved hatching and fledging success, in contrast to previous research, while sea surface temperature (SST) had no significant effect on reproductive success. This highlights the complexity of seabird breeding responses to large‐scale oceanographic indices, suggesting SOI and SST are generally less reliable measures to use as indicators of reproductive success. Our results suggest that divorce rate could serve as a valuable, noninvasive index of reproductive success in seabirds.
Urbanization Impacts Top Predators and Alters Biotic Interactions in Predator–Prey–Mutualistic Communities of Urban Dry Grasslands
Authors: Straka Tanja M. , Radchuk Viktoriia , Kowarik Ingo , von der Lippe Moritz , Buchholz Sascha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUrbanization as a major driver of global change modifies biodiversity patterns and the abundance and interactions among species or functional species groups. For example, urbanization can negatively impact both predator–prey and mutualistic relationships. However, empirical studies on how urbanization modifies biotic, particularly multitrophic, interactions are still limited. In this study, we applied a framework focused on a predator–prey–mutualistic relationship involving communities of insect‐pollinated vascular plants, pollinators (bees and hoverflies), predatory spiders, and sand lizards as top predators to test (i) the effect of urbanization on abundance and species richness at different trophic levels and (ii) the effect of urbanization on the regulation of biotic interactions using correlations between species abundances as a proxy. By assessing 56 dry grassland patches in Berlin, Germany, we found that higher trophic levels (sand lizard abundance as well as predatory spider species richness and abundance) were significantly impacted by urbanization whereas pollinators were affected to a lesser degree (only abundance, but not species richness). In contrast, insect‐pollinated vascular plants were not impacted by urbanization. Path analyses revealed significant relationships in low‐urbanized areas. In these areas, we observed significant bottom‐up‐regulated mutualistic and predator–prey interactions (plants–pollinators, and pollinators–predatory spiders), as well as top‐down‐regulated predator–prey interactions (sand lizards–pollinators, and predatory spiders–pollinators). In contrast, no significant interactions were found in highly urbanized sites. Our results suggest that bottom‐up regulation is stronger than top‐down regulation in low‐urbanized areas. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of urbanization on predator–prey–mutualistic interactions and to determine whether these interactions are regulated by bottom‐up or top‐down processes. These findings enhance our understanding of multitrophic interactions in urban environments and their associated ecosystem services, such as pollination, thereby supporting efforts in urban biodiversity conservation.
Assessing the Role of Incubation Temperature as a Barrier to Successful Establishment of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a Rapidly Warming Arctic
Authors: Lindley Elizabeth D. , Dunmall Karen M. , Westley Peter A. H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWarming associated with climate change is driving poleward shifts in the marine habitat of anadromous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Yet the spawning locations for salmon to establish self‐sustaining populations and the consequences for the ecosystem if they should do so are unclear. Here, we explore the role of temperature‐dependent incubation survival and developmental phenology of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as a potential early life history barrier to establishment in an Arctic stream. We exposed embryos to temperatures previously recorded in the substrate of an Arctic groundwater spring‐fed spawning environment. Using a common garden experimental design, coho salmon embryos were exposed to treatments that thermally mimicked four spawning dates from August 1 to October 1 (AUG1, SEPT1, SEPT15, and OCT1). Spawning temperatures were 6°C at the warmest (AUG1) and 1.25°C at the coldest (OCT1). We observed low survival rates in SEPT1 (41%) and OCT1 (34%) and near complete mortality in the other treatments. While far below what is considered normal in benign hatchery‐like conditions, these rates suggest that temperatures experienced at these spawning dates are survivable. We detected differences in developmental rates across treatments; embryos developed 1.9 times faster in the warmest treatment (AUG1, 120 days) compared to the coldest (OCT1, 231 days). Differences in accumulated thermal units (ATUs) needed for hatching ranged from 392 ATUs in AUG1 to 270 ATUs in OCT1, revealing compensation in developmental requirements. Given these findings, the most thermally suitable spawning dates within our study are between September 15 and October 1, which facilitates hatching and projected nest emergence to occur in spring warming conditions (March–September). Broadly, our findings suggest that spawning sites within thermal tolerances that can support the survival and development of coho salmon exist in the North American Arctic. Whether the habitat is otherwise suitable for transitions through other life stages remains unknown.
Entropy Generation Study on Natural and Forced Convection of Nanofluid Flow in Vertical Channels
Authors: Ghasemi S. E. , Ranjbar A. A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the present research, the entropy generation (EG) for a nanofluid through vertical channels is analyzed numerically. The water‐based suspension of alumina nanoparticles with different volume fractions is considered a heat transfer fluid. The nanofluid flow in the channel is under the effects of forced and natural convection simultaneously. For EG assessment, the values of EG number, Bejan number, EG ratio, and average EG number are evaluated comprehensively. The effect of changes in some parameters including Brinkman (Br) number, temperature difference, and concentration of nanoparticles in EG evaluation will be assessed. The results show that by increasing the temperature difference, the EG number is enhanced. Also from the results, the Bejan number increases by reducing the temperature difference.
A Finite Element Method to Compute the Damping Rate and Frequency of Oscillating Fluids Inside Microfluidic Nozzles
Authors: Taverniers Søren , Korneev Svyatoslav , Somarakis Christoforos , Behandish Morad , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe computation of damping rates of an oscillating fluid with a free surface in which viscosity is small and surface tension high is numerically challenging. A typical application requiring such computation is drop‐on‐demand (DoD) microfluidic devices that eject liquid metal droplets, where accurate knowledge of the damping rates for the least‐damped oscillation modes following droplet ejection is paramount for assessing jetting stability at higher jetting frequencies, as ejection from a nonquiescent meniscus can result in deviations from nominal droplet properties. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations often struggle to accurately predict meniscus damping unless very fine discretizations are adopted, so calculations are slow and computationally expensive. The faster alternative we adopt here is to compute the damping rate directly from the eigenvalues of the linearized problem. The presence of a surface tension term in Stokes or sloshing problems requires approximation of the meniscus displacements as well, which introduces additional complexity in their numerical solution. In this paper, we consider the combined effects of viscosity and surface tension, approximate the meniscus displacements, and construct a finite element method to compute the fluid's oscillation modes. We prove that if the finite element spaces satisfy a typical inf‐sup condition, and the space of the meniscus displacements is a subset of the set of normal traces of the space of velocities, then the method is free of spurious modes with zero or positive damping rates. To construct numerical examples, we implement the method with Taylor‐Hood elements for the velocity and pressure fields, and with continuous piecewise quadratic elements for the displacement of the meniscus. We verify the numerical convergence of the method by reproducing the solution to an analytical benchmark problem and two more complex examples with axisymmetric geometry. Remarkably, the spatial shape and temporal evolution (angular frequency and damping rate) of the set of least‐damped oscillation modes are obtained in a matter of minutes, compared to days for a CFD simulation. The method's ability to quickly generate accurate estimates of fluid oscillation damping rates makes it suitable for integration into design loops for prototyping microfluidic nozzles.
Exploring Quantitative MRI Biomarkers of Head and Neck Post‐Radiation Lymphedema and Fibrosis: Post Hoc Analysis of a Prospective Trial
Authors:   MD Anderson Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Working Group, Mao Shitong , Wang Jihong , McMillan Holly , Mohamed Abdallah Sherif Radwan , Buoy Sheila , Ahmed Sara , Mulder Samuel L. , Naser Mohamed A. , He Renjie , Wahid Kareem A. , Chen Melissa Mei , Ding Yao , Moreno Amy C. , Lai Stephen Y. , Fuller Clifton David , Hutcheson Katherine Arnold 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundQuantifying head and neck lymphedema and fibrosis (HN‐LEF) is crucial in the investigation and management of treatment sequelae in head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsThe T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI signal intensity (SI) was examined in relation to HN‐LEF categories per physical/tactile examination (No‐LEF, A‐B = edema, C = edema + fibrosis, D = fibrosis), and MRI structural volumes were examined in relation to a novel 10‐point HN‐LEF score in the intraoral and submental regions.ResultsWe identified differences in ranks among HN‐LEF categories in relation to the MRI SI (A‐B and C are higher than D and No‐LEF for T2 SI, and A‐B is the highest for T1). Furthermore, six pairs of FOM volumes on MRI demonstrated a strong negative correlation (p < 0.05) with the HN‐LEF score at adjacent palpable sites.ConclusionBoth MRI SI and structural volumes can potentially be imaging biomarkers of edematous soft tissue states in HNC patients.
Clinical Impact of Osteolytic Bone Lesions in POEMS Syndrome: A Single‐Center Experience of 114 Patients
Authors: Mishina Tatsuzo , Ohwada Chikako , Suichi Tomoki , Matsui Shinichiro , Ishii Arata , Takaishi Koji , Oshima‐Hasegawa Nagisa , Tsukamoto Shokichi , Takeda Yusuke , Misawa Sonoko , Mimura Naoya , Kuwabara Satoshi , Nakaseko Chiaki , Sakaida Emiko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPOEMS syndrome is a multisystemic disease associated with monoclonal plasma cell disorders. Although the presence of bone lesions is included in the diagnostic criteria, their precise manifestations remain unknown. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the bone lesions in patients with POEMS syndrome and evaluated their clinical features. Clinical data and bone lesion information by computed tomography (CT) imaging were obtained from the 114 patients with POEMS syndrome. Regardless of the presence of sclerotic bone lesions, patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (lytic group: n = 17, 14.9%) or absence (non‐lytic group: n = 97, 85.1%) of osteolytic lesions. In the lytic group, several patients were histologically diagnosed with plasmacytoma. In the evaluation by CT imaging, osteolytic lesions had a higher response rate than sclerotic lesions (75.0% vs. 42.2%, p = 0.079). Nevertheless, patients in lytic group showed earlier clinical progression than patients in non‐lytic group (2‐year progression‐free survival, 66.7% vs. 90.2%, p = 0.069). The presence of innumerable bone lesions was an independent poor prognostic factor in multivariate analysis, regardless of the presence of osteolytic lesions (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1–10.9; p = 0.040). Osteolytic and innumerable bone lesions are potential prognostic factors. Further studies involving histopathological evaluations of bone lesions are warranted.