bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring and assessing well-being: A cross-sectional study of first- to third-year student pharmacists
Authors: Thurston Maria Miller , Geresu Niaima , Mayberry Katelynn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Stress may negatively influence the health and academic performance of healthcare professional students and correlates with stress and burnout as a healthcare professional. This study measured student pharmacist well-being and compared the well-being of first- through third-year student pharmacists.

Methods
In fall 2019, the investigators administered an online survey to first- through third-year student pharmacists to assess student pharmacist well-being. Items included the World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index (WHO-5) and demographic variables. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Descriptive statistics were used to measure well-being, and a Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to determine whether there were differences between professional years.

Results
Approximately 64.8% of student pharmacists (n = 248 of 383) completed the survey. Overall, 66.1% of respondents were female (n = 164) and 31% of respondents were Caucasian (n =77), while 31% (n =77) were African American; the majority ranged in age from 24 to 29 years. There was not a statistically significant difference in WHO-5 score between the different classes (P = 0.183), with an average WHO-5 score out of 100 of 38.2 for first-year students, 41.2 for second-year students, and 41.04 for third-year students, showing poor well-being for students in all 3 professional years.

Conclusion
Because of emergent evidence of increased stress and negative outcomes in university students, it is imperative that pharmacy programs expand their efforts in assessment of student pharmacist well-being. While this research manuscript revealed poor well-being in all 3 professional years, it did not identify a statistically significant difference in WHO-5 score between classes. Individualized well-being interventions in all professional years may help students improve their well-being.
Digest: Multiple factors influence mountain orchid diversity and distribution
Authors: Phillips Charlotte , Pérez-Escobar Oscar Alejandro , Dodsworth Steven 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How have orchid species diversified in the campos rupestres, Brazil? Fiorini et al. (2023) use genomic data sets and multidisciplinary approaches, including phylogenetics and population genomics, to investigate the diversity of Bulbophyllum. They demonstrate that geographic isolation alone does not explain diversification patterns in Bulbophyllum species throughout the sky forests. Some taxa show considerable evidence of gene flow, and lineages not previously identified as closely related could present a novel source of their genetic diversity.
Ultrahigh-Temperature Anatexis of Greywackic Granulites Generates Peraluminous Charnockites in the Jining Complex, North China Craton
Authors: Wang Bin , Wei Chunjing , Tian Wei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Charnockites form an important component of the lower continental crust. Quantitative investigation on the properties of magmas that can stabilize orthopyroxene at solidi is crucial to understanding the petrogenesis of igneous charnockites. This study has performed detailed petrologic analyses and thermodynamic constraints on the Paleoproterozoic high-maficity (FeOT + MgO = 5–14 wt%) and peraluminous charnockites from the Jining Complex in the North China Craton. These charnockites occur as intrusions in granulite facies terranes and contain the mineral assemblages including prevalent perthitic/antiperthitic feldspars and garnet with minor biotite (usually less than ~5 vol%) beside orthopyroxene. The Jining charnockitic magmas were ascertained to have ultrahigh temperatures up to 1050–1100°C, poor H2O contents around 0.14–0.42 wt% and limited aluminum saturation indexes (ASIs) of 1.0–1.3. The stabilization of orthopyroxene at the solidus is attributed to low magmatic H2O contents and ASIs, which have maxima of 1.2 wt% and 1.5, respectively, and are positively correlated to bulk-rock maficity. Such charnockitic magmas could not release H2O-rich fluids near solidi, as the H2O is buffered by the orthopyroxene–biotite pair. Moreover, combined geochemical discrimination and progressive melting modelling reveal that the Jining charnockites were generated by partial melting of a greywackic granulite source, with about 15%–40% entrainment of solid phases in mushy magmas. The melting occurs at temperatures as high as 1050–1100°C, obviously beyond biotite stabilities, and involves quartz, feldspars and garnet as melting reactants, which differs from the previous proposition that peraluminous charnockites are related to biotite dehydration melting. The resultant magmas are substantially enriched in maficity and depleted in H2O due to both the melt compositions per se and the high entraining capability. Such peraluminous charnockite plutons massively emplaced in granulite facies terranes indicate post-orogenic ultrahigh-temperature anatexis of metasedimentary rocks in conditions close to the crustal dry solidus.
Roles of Ear Injury, Infestation, and Vector Activity by Ostrinia furnacalis (Asian Corn Borer) and Conogethes punctiferalis (Yellow Peach Moth) in Fusarium verticillioides Infection and Kernel Fumonisin Level
Authors: Li Qincheng , Shi Jie , Huang Chaolong , Guo Jingfei , Hellmich Richard L. , He Kanglai , Wang Zhenying 
Published: May 2023

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the roles of two corn borers, Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis and yellow peach moth (YPM), Conogethes punctiferalis, in Fusarium verticillioides infection using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker. Effects of insect injury, manual injury, and insecticide application on fumonisin production also were assessed. In this study, third instars of ACB and YPM significantly increased GFP-tagged F. verticillioides infection compared with the control, regardless of the fungal inoculation method. Besides acquiring F. verticillioides spores from leaf surfaces and transmitting them to ears, larvae of the ACB and YPM also injure maize ears, which allows F. verticillioides from leaves or silk to infect ears more easily. This suggests that ACB and YPM larvae are vectors of F. verticillioides, which can increase the occurrence of ear rot. Manual injuries significantly increased GFP-tagged F. verticillioides infection of ears, while effective insect control significantly reduced F. verticillioides infection of ears. Insecticide control of borers also significantly reduced fumonisin content in kernels. Larval infestations significantly increased fumonisins in kernels to levels higher than or very close to the European Union threshold (4,000 μg kg−1). Significant and high correlations among corn borer attack, F. verticillioides severity, and kernel fumonisin levels were discovered, confirming the important role of ACB and YPM activity in F. verticillioides infection and kernel fumonisin production.
Effect of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy on survival and recurrence rates in advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patel Maitreyi , Arora Amandeep , Mukherjee Dipankar , Mukherjee Samrat 
Published: May 2023

Background:Around 5–20% of patients who undergo surgery for advanced gastric cancer (AGC), which invades into the muscularis propria or beyond, have peritoneal carcinomatosis. The peritoneal recurrence rate is 10–54%, which is associated with a poor prognosis. The role of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in AGC with and without peritoneal carcinomatosis is not clearly defined.Methods:The authors conducted a meta-analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, of the clinical trials and high-quality nonrandomized studies evaluating the role of HIPEC in AGC over the last 10 years. The studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases between January 2011 to December 2021. Clinical data including overall survival, recurrence free survival, overall recurrence rate, peritoneal recurrence rate, and complications analyzed using RevMan 5.4.Results:Six randomized controlled trials and 10 nonrandomized studies, comprising a total of 1700 patients were included. HIPEC was associated with significantly improved OS at 3 [odd ratio (OR) 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17–3.05] and 5 years (OR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.29–2.71). HIPEC was associated with reduced overall recurrence (OR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31–0.80) and peritoneal recurrence (OR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11–0.47). HIPEC was not associated with increased complications. The occurrence of postoperative renal dysfunction was significantly higher in the HIPEC group (OR 3.94, 95% CI: 1.85–8.38).Conclusion:The role of HIPEC in AGC has evolved over the past decade. HIPEC may improve survival rates and reduce recurrence rates in patients with AGC, without significant increase in complications and with a favorable impact on 3 and 5-year survival.
Learning curve in pipeline embolization device: results from the pipeline embolization device in china post-market multi-center registry study
Authors: Lu Junlin , Zhao Yang , Zhang Hongqi , Li Tianxiao , Song Donglei , Sheng Guan , Maimaitili Aisha , Wang Yunyan , Feng Wenfeng , Wang Yang , Wan Jieqing , Mao Guohua , Shi Huaizhang , Yang Xinjian , Liu Jianmin , Zhao Yuanli 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Intracranial aneurysms pose a significant health issue, affecting 3–5% of the adult population. The pipeline embolization device (PED) has emerged as a promising treatment for these lesions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of operator experience on complication and poor outcome rates, as well as the learning curve for PED.

Methods:
A total of 217 patients were consecutively enrolled from four eligible centers and divided into three groups based on the number of procedures performed: group 1 (first ten procedures), group 2 (11–20 procedures), and group 3(>20 procedures). Major complications include operation-related ischemic or hemorrhagic events and mass effect deterioration. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score > 2 at discharge. Cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis was generated to assess the learning curve according to major complications and poor outcome.

Results:
The study found that major complications and poor outcomes occurred in 5.1% and 2.3% of cases, respectively. The rate of major complications decreased from 10.0% in group 1 to 2.9% in group 3 (P=0.053), while the rate of poor outcomes decreased from 7.5% in group 1 to 0.7% in group 3 (P=0.015). Multivariable regression analysis adjusted for covariates showed that operator experience was associated with a lower rate of poor outcomes (P=0.034). CUSUM analysis demonstrated that the learning curve for avoiding major complications and poor outcomes required 27 (mean=13) and 40 (mean=20) cases, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that PED treatment requires a learning curve of 40 cases to achieve reproducibility regarding complications and functional results. Additionally, major complications and poor outcomes significantly decreases after the first 20 procedures. CUSUM analysis can serve as a useful tool for monitoring and assessing surgical performance.
Exercise prehabilitation for patients with end-stage liver disease: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Gao Bingxin , Zhao Wenwen , Su Wei , Qiu Jie , Xi Huan , Li Na , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study aimed to promote exercise prehabilitation in patients with end-stage liver disease during their waiting period for liver transplantation.

Introduction:
End-stage liver disease indirectly contributes to the development of sarcopenia and affects survival after liver transplantation because of low physiological reserves and insufficient aerobic capacity while awaiting transplantation. Exercise prehabilitation could reduce postoperative complications and promote postoperative recovery.

Methods:
Following the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System, this study used six audit criteria derived from the JBI Evidence Summary. A baseline audit of six patients and nine nurses was conducted, analyzed barriers, established a prehabilitation process and improved interventions, followed by the implementation of exercise prehabilitation and follow-up audit.

Results:
In the baseline audit, the results of the six criteria [(1) multimodal prehabilitation that includes exercise and other interventions where appropriate is offered to patients scheduled for abdominal surgery; (2) prior to the commencement of an exercise program an assessment of exercise contraindications, health status, treatments, physical activity level, functional capacity and quality of life is completed; (3) exercise programs are designed by appropriately qualified personnel; (4) exercise is delivered and supervised by appropriately qualified personnel; (5) exercise prescription is tailored to each individual patient; and (6) patient response to exercise is monitored throughout prehabilitation] were 0–22%. After implementing the best-practice strategies, all six criteria were set to 100%. Patients were aware of and had high compliance with exercise prehabilitation, nurses’ and patients’ knowledge of exercise rehabilitation improved, and nurses’ implementation rate was significantly higher than before implementation (P < 0.05). The differences in the 6 min walking distance and Borg Fatigue Score between the preimplementation and postimplementation were statistically significant (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This best-practice implementation project is feasible. These results indicate that exercise prehabilitation could improve the preoperative walking capacity and fatigue of patients with end-stage liver disease. Ongoing best practices will be expected to develop in the future.
Genomic SEM Applied to Explore Etiological Divergences in Bipolar Subtypes
Authors: Lawrence Jeremy M. , Breunig Sophie , Foote Isabelle F. , Tallis Connor B. , Grotzinger Andrew D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBipolar Disorder (BD) is an overarching diagnostic class defined by the presence of at least one prior manic episode (BD I) or both a prior hypomanic episode and a prior depressive episode (BD II). Traditionally, BD II has been conceptualized as a less severe presentation of BD I, however, extant literature to investigate this claim has been mixed.MethodsWe apply Genomic Structural Equation Modeling (Genomic SEM) to investigate divergent genetic pathways across BD’s two major subtypes using the most recent GWAS summary statistics from the PGC. We begin by identifying divergences in genetic correlations across 89 external traits using a Bonferroni corrected threshold. We also use a theoretically informed follow-up model to examine the extent to which the genetic variance in each subtype is explained by schizophrenia and major depression. Lastly, Transcriptome-wide SEM (T-SEM) was used to identify gene expression patterns associated with the BD subtypes.ResultsBD II was characterized by significantly larger genetic overlap with internalizing traits (e.g., neuroticism, insomnia, physical inactivity), while significantly stronger associations for BD I were limited. Consistent with these findings, the follow-up model revealed a much larger major depression component for BD II. T-SEM results revealed 41 unique genes associated with risk pathways across BD subtypes.ConclusionsDivergent patterns of genetic relationships across external traits provide support for the distinction of the bipolar subtypes. However, our results also challenge the illness severity conceptualization of BD given stronger genetic overlap across BD II and a range of clinically relevant traits and disorders.
Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in Children below 5 Years in German Primary Care
Authors: Strumann Christoph , Ranzani Otavio , Moor Jeanne , Berner Reinhard , Töpfner Nicole , Chao Cho-Ming , Moor Matthias B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the approval of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for children aged 6 months to 4 years by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in 2022, no data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BNT162b2 are available in this age group. We here report on the VE of BNT162b2 during an Omicron BA.1-2 dominant period.MethodsAn authentication-based retrospective survey was performed between April 14th 2022 and May 9th 2022 in individuals that had registered children for off-label SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Germany. We used Cox regression to estimate relative VE of two BNT162b2 doses, with the period between first and second vaccine dose as reference period (24.8+-0.6 days) and >=7 days after Dose 2 to before Dose 3 as post-vaccination period (59.5+-23.6 days).ResultsThe present analysis included 4615 children aged 2.8+-1.2 years (mean+-standard deviation) who had received their first dose of BNT162b2 on January 1st 2022 or thereafter. VE was substantial for protection from any SARS-CoV-2 infection (VE: 53.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 36.3-69.6%], p<0.001), symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (VE: 57.5% [95% CI: 40.8-74.2%], p<0.001), and SARS-CoV-2 infections leading to medication use (VE: 66.2% [95% CI: 43.7-88.7%], p<0.001). Differences in dosage of BNT162b2 yielded no change in VE.ConclusionThis study offers a first industry-independent insight in the potential VE of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in children aged below 5 years, as currently only immunogenicity data by the manufacturer Pfizer/BioNTech are available. Limitations include the retrospective study design, and that the reported VE does not necessarily correspond to currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Discontinuation of Heart Failure Therapy in patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac surgery: Data from a Real-world Cohort
Authors: Elharram Malik , Wang Xiaoming , Gouda Pishoy , Graham Michelle M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are at high risk for cardiovascular events following non-cardiac surgery. The perioperative period represents many challenges to maintain guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT). We examined GDMT use in HFrEF patients following non-cardiac surgery, and the association of medication changes with cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsUsing linked administrative databases, a retrospective cohort of HFrEF patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery between 2008 and 2020 was formed. Pre-operative use of GDMT was determined by outpatient prescriptions up to 90 days prior to surgery. Changes in GDMT was defined as discontinuation or a dose reduction (≥50%) of baseline therapies at 90 days after discharge. The primary composite outcome was HF hospitalization or all-cause mortality at one-year adjusted for age, sex, components of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index and the Charlson Comorbidity index.ResultsOf 397,829 index surgeries, there were 7667 (2%) patients with pre-existing HFrEF on at least one GDMT (50.6% female; mean age: 75 +/- 12 years). At 90 days post-operatively, 46% of patients had undergone major changes to GDMT. Compared to patients who continued GDMT, patients with any change to therapy had a higher incidence of the primary outcome (52% vs. 46%, aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.25) and all-cause mortality at one year (8.5% vs. 4.9%, aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.3-1.90).ConclusionAmong patients with HFrEF undergoing major non-cardiac surgery, few are on optimal GDMT, and perioperative changes to GDMT is associated with higher odds for HF hospitalization or death.
Pretreatment Identification of 90-Day Readmission Among Heart Failure Patients Receiving Aquapheresis Treatment
Authors: Alkhatib Deya , Karabayir Ibrahim , Pour-Ghaz Issa , Khan Sania , Hart Linda , Cease Megan , Jefferies John L , Akbilgic Oguz 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe use of traditional models to predict heart failure (HF) has limitations in preventing HF hospitalizations. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in cardiovascular medicine only have limited data published regarding HF populations, with none assessing the favorability of decongestive therapy aquapheresis (AQ). AI and ML can be leveraged to design non-traditional models to identify those who are at high risk of HF readmissions.OBJECTIVESThis study aimed to develop a model for pretreatment identification of risk for 90-day HF events among HF patients who have undergone AQ.METHODSUsing data from the AVOID-HF (Aquapheresis versus Intravenous Diuretics and Hospitalization for Heart Failure) trial, we designed a ML-based predictive model that can be used before initiating AQ to anticipate who will respond well to AQ and who will be at high risk of future HF events.RESULTSUsing ML we identified the top ten predictors for 90-day HF events. Interestingly, the variable for ‘intimate relationships with loved ones’ strongly predicted response to therapy. This ML-model was more successful in predicting the outcome in HF patients who were treated with AQ. In the original AVOID-HF trial, the overall 90-day HF event rate in the AQ arm was 32%. Our proposed predictive model was accurate in anticipating 90-day HF events with better statistical accuracy (area under curve 0.88, sensitivity 80%, specificity 75%, negative predictive value 90%, and positive predictive value 57%).CONCLUSIONSML can help identify HF patients who will respond to AQ therapy. Our model can identify super-respondents to AQ therapy and predict 90-day HF events better than currently existing traditional models.CONDENSED ABSTRACTUtilizing data from the AVOID-HF trial, we designed a ML-predictive model that can be used before initiating AQ to anticipate who will respond well to AQ and who will be at high risk of future HF events. Using ML, we identified the top 10 predictors for 90-day HF events. Our model can identify super-respondents to ultrafiltration therapy and predict 90-day HF events better than currently existing traditional models.