bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combustion‐enabled underwater vehicles (CUVs) in dynamic fluid environment
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Yang Yang , Ye Xinghong , He Zhiguo , Jiao Pengcheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderwater vehicles have opened a unique path to multifunctionality and environmental adaptability. However, inadequate studies have been conducted to investigate the dynamic principle and performance of underwater vehicles in real applications with complex external conditions. Here, we propose a type of combustion‐enabled underwater vehicles that can perform stable high‐speed motions under dynamic fluid environment. Experiments are conducted to test the kinematic performance. Numerical simulations are developed to investigate the fluid–solid interaction phenomenon, and theoretical modeling is derived to study the dynamic principle of the combustion actuation process. The experimental, numerical, and theoretical results are compared with satisfactory agreements. The underwater vehicles perform ~3.4 body‐length distance within 0.2 s and a maximum speed of ~30 body‐length per second in horizontal direction. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the key factors to the kinematic performance of the reported underwater vehicles. In the end, we report the hybrid combustion‐enabled underwater vehicles (CUVs) that combined with propeller to realize continuous driving for multi‐mode operations. The experimental, numerical, and theoretical results indicate that hybrid CUVs can achieve more flexible and controllable motion performance.
Broadcasting‐induced colorings of preferential attachment trees
Authors: Desmarais Colin , Holmgren Cecilia , Wagner Stephan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe consider random two‐colorings of random linear preferential attachment trees, which includes recursive trees, plane‐oriented recursive trees, binary search trees, and a class of d‐ary trees. The random coloring is defined by assigning the root the color red or blue with equal probability, and all other vertices are assigned the color of their parent with probability and the other color otherwise. These colorings have been previously studied in other contexts, including Ising models and broadcasting, and can be considered as generalizations of bond percolation. With the help of Pólya urns, we prove limiting distributions, after proper rescalings, for the number of vertices, monochromatic subtrees, and leaves of each color, as well as the number of fringe subtrees with two‐colorings. Using methods from analytic combinatorics, we also provide precise descriptions of the limiting distribution after proper rescaling of the size of the root cluster; the largest monochromatic subtree containing the root.
Towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 in sub‐Saharan Africa: Role of governance and renewable energy
Authors: Haldar Anasuya , Sethi Narayan , Jena Pabitra Kumar , Padhan Purna Chandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnergy poverty plagues the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) region and impedes its socio‐economic development. It is impossible to attain sustainable‐development without alleviating energy‐poverty. In this study, we examine the role of governance and renewable‐energy in alleviating energy poverty for 22 SSA countries from 2000 to 2018 using system generalised method‐of‐moments and three‐stage least‐squares models. Government expenditure is found to increase economic growth, which in turn, reduces energy poverty. On the other hand, energy poverty is found to initially increase and then fall with rising renewable‐energy share. Additionally, the association of energy poverty with socio‐economic, environmental and governance factors, is analysed within a structural‐equation modelling (SEM) framework. Our SEM model shows that government institutional‐factors remain central to reducing energy poverty without compromising environmental‐sustainability. This study suggests that SSA needs transparent governance, strong institutions and a rising renewable‐energy share along with a resilient grid infrastructure to address the energy poverty problem.
Screening, characterization, and kinetic studies of a serine alkaline protease from kitchen wastewater bacteria P2S1An and evaluation of its application in nutraceutical production
Authors: Das Madhushrita , Ghosh Mahua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis present investigation aimed at characterizing the biochemical potential and kinetic study of the protease isolated from kitchen wastewater bacteria, P2S1An. The enzymatic activity was optimum when incubated for 96 h, at 30°C and pH 9.0. The enzymatic activity of the purified protease (PrA) was 10.47‐folds that of crude protease (S1). PrA was about 35 kDa in molecular weight. The broad pH and thermal stability, chelators, surfactants and solvent tolerance, and favorable thermodynamics suggested the potentiality of the extracted protease PrA. Thermal activity and stability were enhanced in presence of 1‐mM Ca2+ ion at high temperatures. The protease was a serine one as its activity was completely diminished in presence of 1‐mM PMSF. The Vmax, Km, and Kcat/Km suggested stability and catalytic efficiency of the protease. PrA hydrolyzes fish protein with 26.61 ± 0.16% of peptide bond cleavage after 240 min, comparable to Alcalase 2.4L (27.13 ± 0.31%).Practitioner points
A serine alkaline protease PrA was extracted from kitchen wastewater bacteria Bacillus tropicus Y14.
Protease PrA showed significant activity and stability in a wide temperature and pH range.
Protease showed great stability towards additives like metal ions, solvents, surfactants, polyols, and inhibitors.
Kinetic study showed that the protease PrA had a prominent affinity and catalytic efficiency for the substrates.
PrA hydrolysed fish proteins into short bioactive peptides which signify its potential in the formation of functional food ingredients.
Comprehensive analysis reveals hub genes associated with immune cell infiltration in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Shi‐En , Geng Cong‐Li , Wu Yu‐Xiao , Shi Mu‐Han , Wang Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesAllergic rhinitis (AR) refers to a form of respiratory inflammation that mainly affects the sinonasal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to explore the level of immune cell infiltration and the pathogenesis of AR.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive analysis of two gene expression profiles (GSE50223 and GSE50101, a total of 30 patients with AR and 31 healthy controls). CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration levels. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was applied to explore potential genes or gene modules related to immune status, and enrichment analyses including gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, gene set enrichment analysis, and gene set variation analysis, were performed to analyze the potential mechanisms in AR. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to investigate the hub genes, and consensus clustering was conducted to identify the molecular subtypes of AR.ResultsCompared to the healthy controls, patients with AR had high abundance levels and proportions of CD4+ memory‐activated T cells. One hundred and eight immune‐related differentially expressed genes were identified. Enrichment analysis suggested that AR was mainly related to leukocyte cell‐cell adhesion, cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, T‐cell activation, and T‐cell receptor signaling pathway. Ten hub genes, including TYROBP, CSF1R, TLR8, FCER1G, SPI1, ITGAM, CYBB, FCGR2A, CCR1, and HCK, which were related to immune response, might be crucial to the pathogenesis of AR. Three molecular subtypes with significantly different immune statuses were identified.ConclusionThis study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in AR via comprehensive strategies and provides potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of AR.
Reflecting Open Practices on Digital Infrastructures: Functionalities and Implications of Knowledge
Authors: Hiebl Johannes , Kullmann Sylvia , Heck Tamara , Rittberger Marc 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOpen practices in education focus on the actions of learners and teachers regarding openness. The sharing and collaborative creation of open educational resources is at the core of such practices. Digital infrastructures do not only provide environments for these kinds of practices but reflect ideas and implications of open practices through the functionalities they offer. Those infrastructures can be seen as drivers for enabling open practices to become default. However, a common understanding of open practices has yet to be defined. As such, designing digital infrastructures that foster open practices might be a challenge. This chapter shows the relation between open practices and digital infrastructures.
Version Management in a Distributed Infrastructure for Open Educational Resources
Authors: Schroeder Nadine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne concern of Open Educational Resources (OER) is to establish infrastructures, such as repositories, where learning materials can be uploaded and exchanged. Various initiatives all over the world are currently investigating technical developments for finding and sharing OER in higher education. In this context, the consolidation of individual solutions in a distributed infrastructure must be considered. When creating and editing content, modifications and adjustments can result in new versions of a resource and further developments of other users can lead to derivatives. Managing versions in terms of tracking changes and learning about new versions available is not only an issue for OER repository development, but also for interaction and discoverability in a distributed infrastructure. Therefore, version management can be considered as an approach to potentially improve the reuse and revision OER. This contribution discusses use cases of OER in the context of version management and presents approaches to managing educational material in a distributed infrastructure resulting in a concept of version management for OER.
Developing a Metadata Profile for Higher Education OER Repositories
Authors: Menzel Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo provide Open Educational Resources (OER) according to the recognised FAIR principles (improve Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets), it is necessary to describe the educational material by means of meaningful metadata. There are conflicting demands to comply with. On the one hand, the educational resources should be described in as much detail as possible for accurately fitting search results. On the other hand, only strictly necessary information should be obligatory to keep the obstacles for authors as low as possible. An additional goal is to allow easy connection between repositories, thus allowing federated search and harvesting of metadata, for example, by search engines or other interested parties. Operators of OER repositories from several federal states in Germany (HOOU, OERNDS, ORCA.nrw, VCRP, VHB, ZOERR) have developed a metadata profile focussing on OER in the context of higher education. The initiators strive to reach the mentioned objectives and to establish a standard in the field. The metadata profile is based on the well-established Learning Object Metadata Standard (LOM). The chapter describes the decision process and why certain choices are made to reach the intended goals. Furthermore, the importance of editorial supervision for a sound quality of the material and metadata will be discussed. The chances and challenges are illustrated based on practical experiences with the establishment and daily operation of the Zentrales OER Repositorium der Hochschulen in Baden- Württemberg (ZOERR).
Distributed Learning Ecosystems in Education: A Guide to the Debate
Authors: Otto Daniel , Kerres Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLearning spaces are vital for education but subject to rapid transformation. The internet is the emerging space where learning takes place. The concept of learning ecosystems reflects the idea that in today’s learning processes, different elements interact and influence each other. For higher education, a learning ecosystem comprises all services, resources, and environments within the institution that enable or support learning processes. However, this chapter argues that, although learning ecosystems are increasingly established in higher education, essential features that are missing are their permeability and interconnectedness. The chapter aims to close this gap by introducing the concept of distributed learning ecosystems (DLEs). DLEs follow the idea of establishing a link between decentralised learning ecosystems (consisting of content repositories and educational resources). Thus, DLEs serve as an integrated approach that enables learners to access and use learning content and share resources. With reference to the other chapters in the book, the paper illustrates challenges and solutions on the road to DLEs.
The Shift Toward Openness in Education and the Implications for Learning Ecosystems and Ecologies
Authors: Bozkurt Aras , Stracke Christian M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOpenness in education, a concept that includes many universal values and philosophical roots, assumes the objective that learners should be at the centre of the learning process. In recent years, the concept has emerged as a major topic of interest due to the expansion of its scope and the opportunities it offers. In this book chapter, the impact that the digital transformation in terms of online networked technologies has had on openness in education is explained and the characteristics of ecosystems and learning ecologies are presented through a socio-environmental perspective. In exploring openness in education, the case is made that openness in education can reach its full potential when it is practiced from the perspective of the ecosystem, educational adaptation, and the learning ecology.
The Role of Institutional Repositories in Higher Education: Purpose and Level of Openness
Authors: Santos-Hermosa Gema 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to consider repositories as distributed learning systems, exploring how they can influence higher education by allowing learners and teachers to deposit their educational resources for open sharing and use in teaching and learning processes. To this end, three essential issues will be addressed. The first is the current state of institutional repositories in higher education at international level. An overview will be offered—covering content, metadata, licences, educational and reuse aspects, etc.—to identify the different levels of development of these repositories, followed by a more specific contextualisation of the European case. The second issue, causally related to the first, is the question of what should be done to (further) increase the level of openness and interconnection of repositories in order to integrate them into education. In other words, how can we advance from open content and Open Educational Resources (OER) to Open Educational Practices (OEP), and from OAI-PHM (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) protocol interoperability to Linked Data and Open Informational Ecosystems? Finally, several ongoing initiatives will also be discussed as good practice models to be considered.
Open Textbooks in Higher Education Teaching
Authors: Pitt Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Open Educational Resources (OER) are learning materials available under licensing terms that enable their use, sharing, reproduction, and often adaptation without needing further permission from the author or copyright holder. Whilst OER are available in many different formats, open textbooks—complete course books available on open licenses—have been particularly successful in facilitating widespread use of OER in some regions, such as North America. This chapter surveys the current extent and future potential use of open textbooks in Higher Education (HE), examining how open textbooks are used to address challenges in HE and describing opportunities for connecting and enabling institutional and extra-institutional communities through the use of open textbooks. While open textbook ecosystems are well developed in some countries, elsewhere the role of open textbooks remains emergent. This chapter examines the nuances in open textbook use and what lessons can be learnt from both more mature ecosystems and those where open textbook use remains limited.
Reuse of OER, a Process Model Approach
Authors: Schuwer Robert , Baas Marjon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe movement around Open Educational Resources (OER) aims to make educational resources available to all through the use of open licenses. Our understanding of the extent of reusing OER, however, is still limited. Measurement of actual reuse is difficult. Much reuse remains invisible and happens under the radar (‘dark reuse’). Currently, much attention is given to educational designs where the characteristics of OER (freely available and rights to adapt) are essential (open pedagogy). To better determine which support and skills are needed, a process model for the reuse of OER in practice is developed. This model differentiates between two scenarios: an educator-centred and a student-centred one. Especially the latter scenario clearly shows that support and skills programmes should not only be directed at educators, but also at students.
Development of an Austrian OER Certification for Higher Education Institutions and Their Employees
Authors: Schön Sandra , Ebner Martin , Berger Elfriede , Brandhofer Gerhard , Edelsbrunner Sarah , Gröblinger Ortrun , Hackl Claudia , Jadin Tanja , Kopp Michael , Neuböck Kristina , Proinger Judith , Schmölz Alexander , Steinbacher Hans-Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe “Forum Neue Medien in der Lehre Austria” (fnma) is responsible for the development and introduction of a procedure to attest open educational resources (OER) competences and OER activities in higher education. The aim is to develop and implement a convincing and recognized procedure that succeeds in sustainably promoting and making visible OER activities and OER competences at Austria’s higher education institutions. Within this paper, the development of the Austrian OER certification approach, in other words its framework, will be addressed. A working plan and first results will be presented; among others, the competence framework and its compatibility with existing frameworks.
Three-particle Lellouch-Lüscher formalism in moving frames
Authors: Müller Fabian , Pang Jin-Yi , Rusetsky Akaki , Wu Jia-Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A manifestly relativistic-invariant Lellouch-Lüscher formalism for the decays into three identical particles with no two-to-three transitions is proposed. Similarly to [1], the formalism is based on the use of the non-relativistic effective Lagrangians. Manifest Lorentz invariance is guaranteed, as in [2], by choosing the quantization axis along the total four-momentum of the three-particle system. A systematic inclusion of the higher-order derivative couplings, as well as higher partial waves is addressed.
Residual gauge symmetry in light-cone electromagnetism
Authors: Majumdar Sucheta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We analyze the residual gauge freedom in light-cone electromagnetism in four dimensions. The standard boundary conditions involved in the so-called lc2formalism, which contains only the two physical degrees of freedom, allow for a subset of residual gauge transformations. We relax the boundary conditions imposed on the fields in order to obtain all the residual gauge transformations. We compute the canonical generators for Poincaré and gauge transformations with these relaxed boundary conditions. This enables us to distinguish between the trivial (proper) and large (improper) gauge transformations in light-cone electromagnetism. We then employ the Newman-Penrose formalism to identify the incoming and outgoing radiation fields. We comment on the quadratic form structure of light-cone Hamiltonians, often encountered in lc2 gauge theories.
Dark matter from a conformal Dark Sector
Authors: Hong Sungwoo , Kurup Gowri , Perelstein Maxim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider theories in which a dark sector is described by a Conformal Field Theory (CFT) over a broad range of energy scales. A coupling of the dark sector to the Standard Model breaks conformal invariance. While weak at high energies, the breaking grows in the infrared, and at a certain energy scale the theory enters a confined (hadronic) phase. One of the hadronic excitations can play the role of dark matter. We study a “Conformal Freeze-In” cosmological scenario, in which the dark sector is populated through its interactions with the SM at temperatures when it is conformal. In this scenario, the dark matter relic density is determined by the CFT data, such as the dimension of the CFT operator coupled to the Standard Model. We show that this simple and highly predictive model of dark matter is phenomenologically viable. The observed relic density is reproduced for a variety of SM operators (“portals”) coupled to the CFT, and the resulting models are consistent with observational constraints. The mass of the COFI dark matter candidate is predicted to be in the keV-MeV range.
Probing R-parity violation in B-meson decays to a baryon and a light neutralino
Authors: Dib Claudio O. , Helo Juan Carlos , Lyubovitskij Valery E. , Neill Nicolás A. , Soffer Abner , Wang Zeren Simon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose a search for B meson decays to a baryon plus missing energy at the Belle II experiment to probe supersymmetry with a GeV-scale lightest neutralino $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

χ
~

1
0

and R-parity violation (RPV). We perform analytic computations of the signal branching fractions in the framework of effective field theory, with a single nonzero RPV operator $$ {\lambda}_{ij3}^{\prime \prime }{\overline{U}}_i^c{\overline{D}}_j^c{\overline{D}}_3^c $$

λ

ij
3

′
′

U
¯

i
c

D
¯

j
c

D
¯

3
c

, where i, j = 1, 2. The hadronic form factors are calculated using an SU(3) phenomenological Lagrangian approach for the proton, as well as several hyperons and charmed baryons. Since the decay of the neutralino is kinematically and CKM suppressed in this theoretical scenario, it decays outside the detector and appears experimentally only as missing energy. We detail the analysis techniques at the experimental level and estimate the background in the $$ {B}^{+}\to p{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
+

→
p

χ
~

1
0

search using published results for $$ {B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

. Our final sensitivity plots are shown for both $$ {\lambda}_{113}^{\prime \prime } $$

λ
113

′
′

versus the squark mass $$ {m}_{\tilde{q}} $$

m

q
~

and $$ {\lambda}_{113}^{\prime \prime }/{m}_{\tilde{q}}^2 $$

λ
113

′
′

/

m

q
~

2

versus the neutralino mass $$ {m}_{{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0} $$

m

χ
~

1
0

. We find that the search at Belle II could probe $$ {\lambda}_{113}^{\prime \prime }/{m}_{\tilde{q}}^2 $$

λ
113

′
′

/

m

q
~

2

down to the order of 10−8 GeV−2 in the kinematically allowed $$ {m}_{{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0} $$

m

χ
~

1
0

range. We also obtain current limits on $$ {\lambda}_{123}^{\prime \prime } $$

λ
123

′
′

by recasting an existing search interpreted as $$ {B}^0\to {\Lambda}^0{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
0

→

Λ
0

χ
~

1
0

, and comment about searches for $$ {B}^{+}\to {\Sigma}^{+}{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
+

→

Σ
+

χ
~

1
0

, $$ {B}^0\to {\Sigma}^0{\chi}_1^0 $$

B
0

→

Σ
0

χ
1
0

, $$ {B}^{+}\to {\Lambda}_c^{+}{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
+

→

Λ
c
+

χ
~

1
0

, and $$ {B}^{+}\to {\Xi}_c^{+}{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
+

→

Ξ
c
+

χ
~

1
0

. In closing, we briefly discuss potential searches at the LHCb and BESIII experiments.