bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus and Rubella virus among aborted women in Samarra city
Authors: Sinai Najy Muhsin AL-doury  
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to determine seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV and Rubella virus for 158 aborted women in Samarra General Hospital through period from January to December 2016. The prevalence of T. gondii was 14.6%, CMV 10.8%, Rubella virus 8.2% and common Toxo. & CMV was 9.5%. Also, the present study showed that infection with each of T. gondii, CMV and Rubella were highest (24.2%, 15.2%, 15.2% respectively) in age group 21-30 years old, while common infection with Toxo. & CMV was highest 11.8% in age group 14-20 years old. The seroprevalence results were for anti-Toxo. IgM was 7%, IgG was 3.2%, and IgM & IgG was 4.4%, anti-CMV IgM was 5.7%, IgG was 1.9%, and IgG & IgM was 3.2% and anti-Rubella IgM 3.8%, IgG 1.9%, and IgG & IgM was 2.5%. While the seroprevalence of both Toxo. & CMV was anti-Toxo. IgG & anti-CMV IgM was 0.63%, anti-Toxo. IgM & anti-CMV IgM was 2.5%, anti-Toxo. IgG & anti-CMV IgG & IgM was 1.9%, anti-Toxo. IgM & anti-CMV IgG & IgM was 3.2% and anti - Toxo. IgM & anti-CMV IgG was 1.3%.
Preparation of porous silicon Wafers using sun light photo chemical etching (SLPCE)
Authors: I. K. Jassim  , A. Y. Khudair  , H. Asker k  
Published: April 2023

porous Silicon (PS) Layers were prepared by photochemical etching using Sun Light as a Source of energy for the first time instead of industrial Sources of light Such as Lasers, Halogen and tungsten lamps. That was used to preparation (PS) by photochemical etching. Silicon Wafers n-type (100), resistivity (10Ω.cm), (40%) HF Acid, with different illumination intensities(power density) (1758, 3956, 6182 and 8902)mw /cm2 were obtained using different Lenses with different diameters (40, 60, 75 and 90) mm, focal length (13,18,41,45) cm respectively and constant etching time (60min). The morphology of the surface was studied by using an (atomic force microscope) (AFM) and (scanning electron microscope) (SEM) results shows formation of groups of pores and crystals in (nm)size with different diminution are distributed in etched area in wavy forms. The thickness of porous layers ranged from (50.06 3.68, 3.79 and 3.39) nm and the diameter of the particles are(84.06, 59.42, 51.12 and 34.8)nm respectively. The current voltage characteristics for ALthin/n-si/PS/ALthin device fabricated by sun light photochemical etching technique showed a rectifying behavior which improved with increasing light intensity.
PERFORMING AN ANALYSIS OF ARRAY WAVEGUIDE (AWG) MULTIPLEXER BASED ON AN OPTICAL NETWORK
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Ali  
Published: April 2023

Rapid advances in optical technology have created potential solutions for enabling high capacity networks. The main problem in optical communication in the Ministry of Communication at the Republic of Iraq is dedicating a small bandwidth for each user. Most of the previous works have focused on modifying the characteristics of Array Waveguide Multiplexer (AWG) in the designing level. However, designing of optical communication is expensive which makes these efforts unpractically. Therefore, to develop multi-target communication over the current infrastructure, this paper investigates the performance of the AWG at the components level. In the beginning, an analysis is performed of an AWG at data rates of (8×40Gb/s, over 242.5km fiber optic link) with minimum system impairments. The presence of (Passive/Active) components is taken into considerations. The evaluation is performed using Optisystem software simulation package. By adopting (4.0402dBm) total input signal power, the simulation has achieved (0.3545dBm) total output signal power, (-3.6856dbm) total gain, (1.4248dBm) total output noise, and the average power is (-6.4255dBm). Furthermore, the transmission rates are successfully transmitted delivered in a low-cost infrastructure. Moreover, with the presence of multiple users on a single link, the transmission is performed with a high rapidity in addition to a minimum error. Consequently, the simulations can be applied to the existing fiber communication networks with ultimate reduction of the cost and operational expenditure for the overall network system.
A Relation between π Generalized Pre Connectedness and π Generalized Supra Connectedness In Intuitionistic Fuzzy Topological Space
Authors: Omer S Mustfa  
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to give the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy generalized pre connectedness with study its properties. Finally we study the relation between intuitionistic fuzzy generalized pre connectedness and intuitionistic fuzzy generalized supra connectedness in intuitionistic fuzzy topological space .
Effect of aquatic and alcoholic extracts Nigella sativa seeds on liver and kidney functions and efficacy in the blood of males albino rats
Authors: Adnan Mohammed Ahmeed Aldulaimi  
Published: April 2023

The study carried out to investigate the effect of orally feeding from each Nigella sativa aqueous and alcoholic extracts at 50 and 100 mg/kg concentration of animal body weight liver and kidney functions parameters in male rats for 21 days. Randomly divided in to (5) groups, each group included (5) animals..The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in Urea, ALP, ALT and AST. led to a significant increase (p<0.05) in total protein, albumin, globulin with the increased concentration of extract, when compared with values in control group. The study concluded that, the aquatic and alcoholic extracts Nigella sativa seeds did not give any effects toxicity on liver and kidney functions in male rats.
The Relation between Kidney Injury Molecule -1 and its role as promising biomarker in kidney stone patients
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah Ajeel  , Zaid Mohammed Mubarak Al-Mahdawi  
Published: April 2023

Urea and creatinine is the most sensitive markers of Kidney Diseases progression in clinical practice, especially when combined with GFR, but these have limitations. Hence, early, more sensitive, biomarkers are required. Recently, promising biomarkers have been identified for CKD progression such as kim-1 has been investigated as a novel biomarkers of kidney diseases progression. This study aimed to evaluate urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1(KIM-1) in kidney stone patients.75 patients diagnosed with renal stone diseases and all patients were screened and followed up in the out-patients clinics in Salah Adin general hospital. controls were represented by 15 healthy volunteers. KIM-1, levels shows no significant changes within patients groups while shows that the KIM-1 levels were significantly increased in stone patients when compared with the healthy controls (P˂0.05). Total protein and S. Albumin levels significantly decreased in patients group compared to the controls levels while there was no significant changes within patients group. The current results suggest that KIM-1 can consider as promising biomarker for diagnosis, clinical progression and investigations for kidney stone diseases.”
Analytical study releasing the new of Prodrug (Paracetamol - Naproxen) using Uv-vis spectrophotometric method
Authors: Hamad A. Abdullah  , Fadam M. Abdoon  , Hanaa K. Saleh  
Published: April 2023

This study aims to compose an effective ester Prodrug as well as reducing or removing the side effects of it and to Study of Naproxen release from the Prodrug. This is represented by the following steps:
Preparing of Naproxen acid chloride from Naproxen by reacting it with Thionyl Chloride then Preparing of ester group from the reaction of hydroxyl group of paracetamol and the acid chloride of Naproxen.
The structural formulas of the prepared compounds were characterized using spectral methods (FTIR,H-NMR and C13-NMR) then the studying of the release for the drug was conducted in acidic and basic medium pH (4, 10). The study showed that the speed of release in the basic medium was faster than that in the acidic medium. So most of the release process will take place in the intestine and not in the stomach.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulphadiazine Using 2,4 –dinitrophenylhydrazine as Coupling Reagent
Authors: Najlaa Abd AL Salam Ahmed  , Ali Ibraheem Khaleel  
Published: April 2023

A rapid, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of sulphadiazine in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) in a basic medium in the presence of potassium periodate to produce an intense orange colour product, soluble in water, stable and absorbs at 486 nm. The linearity of Beer's law is in the range 3-15μg/ml of sulphadiazine. The molar absorptivity, Sandellʼs sensitivity index, and detection limit were 2.23x104liter.mol-1. cm-1, 0.0222 μg.cm-2 and 0.0307μg/ml respectively. The RSD value was 0.506 – 0.116 % depending on the concentration value. This method is applied successfully to the determination of sulphadiazine veterinary injection liquid solution (VAPCOTRIM) with average recovery of not less than 99.5%.
SOME TYPES OF CONTIONUOUS FUNCTION VIA (r0, s1)-FUZZY αm- CLOSED SETS
Authors: Fatimah M. Mohammed  , Sanaa I. Abdullah  
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the notions of some types of continuous functions via (r0, s1)-fuzzy αm-closed sets in double fuzzy topological space. Also, we reached some relationships among these new types of functions and compare them with their opposite with illustrative examples in the same space
Anatomical, Histological, Hormonal, And Ultrasonography Study Of Neonate Thyroid Gland
Authors: Anas Hamed Musleh  , Abdul-Jabbar Jameel Al-Samarrae  , Saad Ahmad Al-Rawi  
Published: April 2023

Materials And Methods: The neonate thyroid gland collected and inspected grossly and taken all measurements. Then histologically preparation of the slides and stained with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and special stains for descriptive study. Alive healthy neonates was taken for assessment of thyroid stimulation hormone, in addition the volume by ultrasound and using ellipsoid formula 0.479 as correction factor.
Results:- Thyroid gland present in lower part of neck anteriorly. Consist from right and left lobes connected via isthmus from lower medial portion of gland. The gland appeared U shape, red brown in color. The mean ±SD Weight 1.35 ±0.34 gram. Dimensions measurement as following, length 12.48 ±1.76, 12.21 ±1.79 for right and left lobes respectively. Width 5.73 ±0.82, 5.88 ±0.73 for right and left lobe. Under light microscope contain large number of follicles larger follicle present on periphery and small in central. The means of TSH in different age groups were had a tendency to decreased as following 10.70 ±3.09 mU/L, 3.55 ±1.81mU/L, 3.30 ±1.61mU/L, and 2.85 ±1.27 mU/L, in male. While in females were 10.90 ±3.19 mU/L, 3.60 ±1.98 mU/L, 3.41 ±1.23 mU/L, and 3.48 ±1.45 mU/L in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The total volume of neonates thyroid gland groups in present study in male that were 412.7 ±62.2 mm3, 429.5 ±60.7 mm3, And the total volume in female were 401.2 ±83.9 mm3, 428.6 ±57.8 mm3 for first two groups respectively. The present study aimed to describe normal neonate thyroid gland as Anatomical, Histological, Hormonal, and Sonographical study it can throw light to help clinicians deal better with the gland during neonatal period in addition provide local standard data.
Histological and Epidemiological study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Kawkab Adris Mahmood  
Published: April 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection especially in developing countries and can involve almost all bodily systems. Iraq has been identified as middle TB burden country in the world. The aims of the study are to determine the main factors that lead to prevalence of TB in people living in Nineveh governorate, to study the histopathological effect of M. tuberculosis on the tissues. The objective of epidemiological study is to find the relationship between M. tuberculosis and age, sex, education level, occupation, type of TB and sectors of people living in Nineveh governorate. This study included 100 patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( 51 males and 49 females ) the age of the patients ranged from 1–75 years through the period from september 2010 to september 2011. In order to determine the main factors that lead to TB infection, data collected from all 100 patients infected with TB. Tissue sections were taken from patients with active TB from (lung, lymph node and breast mass) and fixed in (10%) formaldehyde and (4µm) paraffin blocks sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Ziehl Neelsen stain for histopathological examination. Data for epidemiological study of patients diagnosed with TB were collected from consultant clinic for chest and respiratory diseases in Nineveh governorate over a 16-year period (1994-2010). The results showed that The main factors that lead to TB infection were diabetes with a percentage of (25%) of the patients, followed by smoking with a percentage of (20%) . Changes in the tissues infected with tuberculosis is the formation of tuberculous granulomas .The result of epidemiological study showed that the number of Tuberculosis cases in Nineveh governorate increased between 1994-2002 and decreased between 2002-2010. The number of TB cases in males is more than in females . The main age groups infected with TB was the productive ages (15-34 years). Pulmonary TB is more than Extrapulmonary TB .The highest percentage of TB in sectors of Nineveh governorate (25%) for each of left sector and right sector, followed by (13.7%) in Sinjar.
Estimation of the level of homocysteine and vitamin B12 in serum of patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Asala Adnan Otla  , Nadia Ahmed Saleh  
Published: April 2023

In this study, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were measured in patients with hypothyroidism in Salahdin Governorate. The study was conducted at the Tigris Educational Hospital in Tikrit. Blood samples were taken from patients with hypothyroidism (40 cases) with thyroid deficiency and 30 healthy (non-infected) subjects. Their ages ranged between 25-35 years. The study found that there was a significant increase p<0.05 in the homocysteine level compared to the healthy Individuals as control group. The study also showed a significant decrease in the level of vitamin B12 for patients p <0.05 compared to healthy individuals .
Determination of the mass attenuation coefficient for Aluminum element using (Cu,Mo) X-rays tubes
Authors: Ahmad Mohamed Kheder  , Muhsin Hasan Ali  
Published: April 2023

In this study the value of linear and mass attenuation coefficients of Aluminum element (Al) were determinated by using x-ray Cu-tube of energies CuKα (8.048) KeV, CuKβ (8.906) KeV, and Mo-tube of energies MoKα (17.480) KeV and MoKβ (19.609) KeV.the voltage between the two electrodes are up to 35 KV.The measured values are compared with other experimental data showing a general agreement within a precision of 0.2% - 0.8%.
The mass attenuation cross-sections were thus derived and compared with other experimental data available on database of x-ray attenuation cross-sections. The agreement is always within ±7%.
Doping effect by SiO2 on optical properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by pulsed laser depositions (PLD) technique
Authors: Zuheer. N. Majeed  , Abdul-Majeed E. Al-Samarai  , Ghuson. H.Mohammed  
Published: April 2023

In this paper,Zinc oxide was dopped by various concentrations (5,10,15,20,25) % wt, silicon oxide The mixture was deposited on glass substrate by laser pulse deposition at room temperature to obtain (Zn2SiO4) thin films .The optical properties of thin films prepared on spectral absorption and transmission recording were studied at the wavelength range (200- 1100) nm. Some of the optical constants, including absorptance, transmission, absorption coefficient, and energy gap are calculated before and after annealing at (400 ̊C) for (1 hr). Absorptance values and absorption coefficient increase after doping and transmission and energy gap decreases after the doping. Absorbance values and absorption coefficient decreases after annealing and transmission and energy gap increase after the annealing .
Chaotic diffeomorphism on manifold (smooth manifold)
Authors: Ali A. Shihab  , Mizal H. Al-Obaidi  , Jehan Hamad Hazaa  
Published: April 2023

In this paper we concern in studying chaotic homeomorphisms deals with study and investigate of chaotic homeomorphisms on smooth manifolds. For connections more precisely to chaotic diffeomorphisms maps on smooth manifolds.
New relation between diffeomorphism an chaotic, transitive, dense and nowhere dense in smooth manifolds have been found. Product of two diffeomorphisms dense maps on smooth manifold is dense. Product of two chaotic maps on smooth manifold is chaotic.
The Othogonality of Martingale in Birkhoff’s sense and others
Authors: Suha Jumaa  , H.H.Ibrahim  
Published: April 2023

Orthogonality is one of an important the concepts in Mathematics , therefor it will be discussed in this paper, the orthogonality of martingale according to Birkhoff ’s, Roberts’s, Singer’s, Carlsson’s sense for orthogonality and the conditions that are needed to have orthogonality
The Influence Of Parathyroid Gland On Beta-Thalassaemia Patients in Kirkuk City
Authors: Demet F. Saber  , Mossa M. Marbut  , Sami A. Zbaar  
Published: April 2023

Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. The symptoms of thalassemia appear in the first two years of life and include paleness of the skin, anemia, bone abnormalities, weakness and growth retardations. (70) male thalassaemic patients are diagnosed in thalassaemia center at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city and( 30) normal male healthy Controls were included in this study Anthropometric measures include, Age, BMI, were done for all participants. there is significant elevation, (P> 0.01) in PTH in P2 age group (9-13) years as compare with control healthy subjectsand as compare with P1(4-8) and P3(14-18) age group
Comparative study of Vitamin D levels in diabetic and non- diabetic women and its correlation with age and seasonal variation
Authors: Abdulhadi Mohamed Jumaa  
Published: April 2023

Background vitamin D has characteristics features of a hormone, and accordingly vitamin D is a pro-hormone, rather than a true vitamin. Active form of vitamin D is binding to vitamin D receptors (VDR) then started its main action inside the body.
This study is aimed to compare concentration of vit. D in a patients with diabetes mellitus, and healthy Iraqi women and its correlation with seasonal variation, and age.
Subjects and methods This study was conducted in the first of August 2017 till the first of April 2018, at the outpatient unit in especial private hospital at karbalaa city in the south of Iraq. 163 women have been enrolled in present study. The sample was divided into 3 groups in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
Results the distribution of subjects in this study, 163 persons participated as a sample in a present research; 82 subjects are normal healthy women as controls, while 51 women suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus, (T2DM), and 30 pregnant women suffering from gestational DM, (GDM). Stander deviation and mean of Vit. D levels in a non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and normal healthy women. There is significant reduction in the levels of vit.D that measured by using sera of women patients suffering from T2DM, (12.97 ± 8.9) as compared with control subjects, (18.95 ± 7.1).
Conclusions the present study conclude that, the measurement of vit.D are significantly reduced when measured in women patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes sera, as compare to healthy subjects and also reduced in the sera of women patients suffering from GDM, as compared with control subjects.
The effect of treatment by L-carnitine for infertile men on semen parameters
Authors: Abdul Rahman Jihad Manssor  , Zaid Mohammed Mubarak Al–Mahdawi  , Azzawi Mustafa Hadi  
Published: April 2023

L-Carnitine (LC) is highly concentrated in the epididymis and plays a crucial role in sperm metabolism and maturation.
They are related to sperm motility and have antioxidant properties. The objective of this review is to summarize the multiple roles played by LC in male reproduction, and to highlight their limitations as well as their benefits in the treatment of male infertility. A variety of studies support the conclusion that LC at total daily amounts of at least 500mg per day can significantly improve both sperm concentration and total sperm counts among men with astheno – or oligoasthenozoospermia. Although many clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of LC in selected cases of male infertility.
Additional, a well – designed study is necessary to further validate the use of carnitines in the treatment of patients with male infertility, specifically in men with poor semen quality .
Study of the optical and structural properties of the (ZnO) membrane, which is prepared by the method of thermal steaming by using the closed oven
Authors: Amna Raad Dahham  , Sabri Jassim Mohammed  , Wlla Mahffod Mohammed  
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the optical and structural properties of the (ZnO) membrane, which is prepared by the method of thermal steaming in the vacuum by using the closed oven on glass platforms at room temperature. The crystallization of the membranes prepared by X-ray diffraction pattern was diagnosed. The membranes were found to be polymorphic with hexagonal structure and crystal direction (002), the membranes were annealed for (5,15,25) min at (510°C),the results showed the increased height of peaks with their intensity and decreases in the optical gap energy. The study of optical properties also included the recording of both the absorption spectra and the permeability spectrum of the prepared membranes at the wavelength range (250-1100) nm, Also, the rest of the optical constants were calculated as functions of the photon energy, including (absorption coefficient, extinaction cofficient), Where the value of the absorption coefficient for ZnO thin films varies from (1.4 cm-1 to 2.09cm-1), and the value of extinaction coefficient varies from (0.6 to 0.38). Transmission spectra showed highly transparent films with band gap energy varies ranging from 3.47ev to 3.3 eV.