bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation mechanism of porous structures on flashover performances: combined effect of hindering collision ionization and corona stabilization
Authors: Li Meng-Tao , Zhu Ming-Xiao , Luo Lu-Yang , Guo Xiao-Bo , Chen Ji-Ming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The microscopic morphology is recognized as one of the key factors affecting the surface flashover strength, but the effect of nanoscale morphology is rarely investigated. In this paper, a novel strategy, namely, porous structural material was presented to improve the flashover strength, and porous nylon membranes with pore diameter from 100 nm to 5000 nm were used to explore the influence of nano-scale porous morphology on the flashover strength. The regulation mechanism of porous structures on flashover performances were explored through the analysis of potential scanning, partial discharge measurement, corona and flashover optical photos. The results indicated that the flashover strength under both AC and DC voltages could be significantly improved by the porous morphology, with a maximum increment of higher than 100%. It is believed that the improved flashover strength is attributed to the combined effect of hindering collision ionization and corona stabilization of porous structures. The present research provides a new insight for improving the surface insulation performance.
Plasma electrochemical synthesis of silicon quantum dots
Authors: Ma Yupengxue , Wang Ruoyu , Qin Xiaoru , Zhang Qing , Zhong Xiaoxia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Environmentally friendly and fast synthesis of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) is realized with the assistance of plasma. The precursors used are N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (DAMO) and citric acid. When the excitation wavelength was 370 nm, the photoluminescence emission peak of the SiQDs appeared at 452.5 nm. The optimization of precursor concentration, reaction time and other parameters can effectively improve the quantum yield (QY) of SiQDs. The results show that the amidation and condensation of DAMO and citric acid plays an important role in the improvement of QY, as this means that more fluorescent molecules are produced and therefore QY is increased. This paper increases QY from 4.23% to 23.9%, providing a promising way to improve QY even more.
Unveiling orientation dependence of anisotropic plasticity in polycrystalline copper by nanoindentation
Authors: Tan Rongkai , Wang Zhanfeng , Wu Shilei , Liu Weili , Jiang Beibei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The mechanical properties of crystalline materials are influenced by their deformation behavior, which is associated with their microstructural characteristics. Specifically, crystallographic orientation greatly affects the microscale plastic deformation of individual grains. In this study, experiments and finite element simulations of Berkovich nanoindentations are conducted to investigate the impact of crystallographic orientation in polycrystalline copper. A crystal plasticity constitutive model is developed for copper materials, which accurately captures their indentation mechanical response. The results showed that the indentation behavior of polycrystalline copper exhibits a high degree of anisotropy due to significant variation in slip systems for different crystallographic orientations. This results in different mechanical responses of individual grains and distinct material pileup morphologies on the indented surface. Additionally, the study revealed that crystallographic orientation plays a critical role in determining the indentation size effect. These findings have important implications for the design of materials where plasticity is a crucial factor.
Caloric effects in liquid crystal-based soft materials
Authors: Črešnar Dejvid , Derets Nikita , Trček Maja , Skačej Gregor , Rešetič Andraž , Lavrič Marta , Domenici Valentina , Zalar Boštjan , Kralj Samo , Kutnjak Zdravko , Rožič Brigita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the increased environmental awareness, the search for environmentally friendlier heat-management techniques has been the topic of many scientific studies. The caloric materials with large caloric effects, such as the electrocaloric (EC) and elastocaloric (eC) effects, have increased interest due to their potential to realize new solid-state refrigeration devices. Recently, caloric properties of soft materials, such as liquid crystals (LCs) and LC elastomers (LCEs), are getting more in the focus of caloric materials investigations, stimulated by large caloric effects observed in these materials. Here, an overview of recent direct measurements of large caloric effects in smectic LC 14CB and main-chain LCEs is given. Specifically, high-resolution thermometric measurements revealed a large EC response in 14CB LC exceeding 8 K. Such a large effect was obtained at a relatively moderate electric field of 30 kV cm−1 compared to solid EC materials. We demonstrate that such a small field can induce the isotropic to smectic A phase transition in 14CB, releasing or absorbing relatively large latent heat that enhances the EC response. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that in main-chain LCEs, the character of the nematic to isotropic transition can be tuned from the supercritical towards the first-order regime by decreasing the crosslinkers’ density. Such tuning results in a sharper phase transition and latent heat that enhance the eC response, exceeding 2 K and with the eC responsivity of 24 K MPa−1, about three orders of magnitude larger than the average eC responsivity found in the best shape memory alloys. Significant caloric effects in soft LC-based materials, observed at much smaller fields than in solid caloric materials, demonstrate their ability to play an important role as new cooling elements, thermal diodes, and caloric-active regeneration material in new heat-management devices.
The smallest eigenvalue of the ill-conditioned Hankel matrices associated with a semi-classical Hermite weight
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Zhu Mengkun , Chen Yang 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the smallest eigenvalue

λ
N

\lambda _N

, of the

(
N
+
1
)
×
(
N
+
1
)

(N+1)\times (N+1)

Hankel matrix

M

N

=
(

μ

j
+
k

)

0
≤
j
,
k
≤
N

\mathcal {M}_N=(\mu _{j+k})_{0\le j,k\le N}

generated by the semi-classical Hermite weight

w
(
z
,
t
)
=

|

z

|

λ

exp
⁡

(
−

z
2

+
t
z
)

,
z
,
t
∈

R

,
λ
>
−
1

w(z,t)=|z|^\lambda \exp \left (-z^2+tz\right ), z, t \in \mathbb {R}, \lambda >-1

. An asymptotic expression of the orthonormal polynomials

P

N

(
z
)

\mathcal {P}_N(z)

with the semi-classical Hermite weight

w
(
z
,
t
)

w(z,t)

is established as

N
N

tends to infinity. Based on the orthonormal polynomials

P

N

(
z
)

\mathcal {P}_N(z)

, we obtain the specific asymptotic formulas of

λ

N

\lambda _{N}

.
The Association of Air Pollution Exposure With Glucose and Lipid Levels: The Role of an Extreme Air Pollution Event Alongside 2 Decades of Moderate Exposure
Authors: Knobel Pablo , Just Allan C , Colicino Elena , Teitelbaum Susan L , McLaughlin Mary Ann , Amini Heresh , Yitshak Sade Maayan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Extreme air pollution events and moderate exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. The World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program general responder cohort includes responders to the WTC disaster. We investigated whether their exposure to this extreme air pollution event (2001) was associated with long-term metabolic outcomes, independently from the associations of intermediate-term PM2.5 exposure later in life (2004–2019). We included 22,447 cohort members with cholesterol (n = 96,155) and glucose (n = 81,599) laboratory results. Self-reported WTC exposure was derived from a questionnaire. PM2.5 exposure was derived from a satellite-based model. We observed an increase of 0.78 mg/dL (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30, 1.26) in glucose and 0.67 mg/dL (95% CI: 1.00, 2.35) in cholesterol levels associated with an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 averaged 6 months before the study visit. Higher WTC-exposure categories were also associated with higher cholesterol (0.99 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.67, for intermediate exposure) and glucose (0.82 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.43, for high exposure) levels. Most associations were larger among people with diabetes. Extreme air pollution events and intermediate PM2.5 exposure have independent metabolic consequences. These exposures contributed to higher glucose and lipids levels among WTC responders, which may be translated into increased cardiovascular risk.
Fighting for Real: Truth and American War Memory
Authors: Vincent Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This essay-review considers two recent books on the subject of American veteran memoir—Stephen Cushman’s The General’s Civil War (2021) and Myra Mendible’s American War Stories (2021). Surveying military conflicts centered on the US Civil War and the more recent wars from Vietnam to Afghanistan, both authors examine a range of veteran nonfiction writing, and with the explicit purpose of speaking to US audiences in our own time. Given the United States’ severely divided political culture today, both authors see the lessons and hard truths expressed in veteran memoir as rife with possibilities for addressing American social divisions in the twenty-first century. Along the way, a preoccupation with the very themes of “truth” and “reality” exposed by war representation leads both authors, though for very different reasons, to meditate on the need for new epistemological frameworks that, given the limitations of a waning postmodernism, would restore a fresh commitment to both. While very different philosophies of history shape the perspectives of each author, the revivified commitment to truth-telling unites their accounts.[A] . . . central theme . . . in . . . US military history and the literary portrayal of war is the renewed commitment to historical veracity, expanded factuality, and representational depth—in short, a fuller, more capacious picture of both the truth and reality of war-making.
Parasitic, bacterial, viral, immune-mediated, metabolic and nutritional factors associated with nodding syndrome
Authors: Edridge Arthur W D , Abd-Elfarag Gasim , Deijs Martin , Broeks Melissa H , Cristella Cosimo , Sie Brandon , Vaz Frédéric M , Jans Judith J M , Calis Job , Verhoef Hans , Demir Ayse , Poppert Sven , Nickel Beatrice , van Dam Alje , Sebit Boy , Titulaer Maarten J , Verweij Jaco J , de Jong Menno D , van Gool Tom , Faragher Brian , Verhoeven-Duif Nanda M , Elledge Stephen J , van der Hoek Lia , Boele van Hensbroek Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nodding syndrome is a neglected, disabling and potentially fatal epileptic disorder of unknown aetiology affecting thousands of individuals mostly confined to Eastern sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies have identified multiple associations—including Onchocerca volvulus, antileiomodin-1 antibodies, vitamin B6 deficiency and measles virus infection—yet, none is proven causal. We conducted a case-control study of children with early-stage nodding syndrome (symptom onset &lt;1 year). Cases and controls were identified through a household survey in the Greater Mundri area in South Sudan. A wide range of parasitic, bacterial, viral, immune-mediated, metabolic and nutritional risk factors was investigated using conventional and state-of-the-art untargeted assays. Associations were examined by multiple logistic regression analysis, and a hypothetical causal model was constructed using structural equation modelling. Of 607 children with nodding syndrome, 72 with early-stage disease were included as cases and matched to 65 household- and 44 community controls. Mansonella perstans infection (odds ratio 7.04, 95% confidence interval 2.28–21.7), Necator americanus infection (odds ratio 2.33, 95% confidence interval 1.02–5.3), higher antimalarial seroreactivity (odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.20–2.57), higher vitamin E concentration (odds ratio 1.53 per standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.19) and lower vitamin B12 concentration (odds ratio 0.56 per standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.87) were associated with higher odds of nodding syndrome. In a structural equation model, we hypothesized that Mansonella perstans infection, higher vitamin E concentration and fewer viral exposures increased the risk of nodding syndrome while lower vitamin B12 concentration, Necator americanus and malaria infections resulted from having nodding syndrome. We found no evidence that Onchocerca volvulus, antileiomodin-1 antibodies, vitamin B6 and other factors were associated with nodding syndrome. Our results argue against several previous causal hypotheses including Onchocerca volvulus. Instead, nodding syndrome may be caused by a complex interplay between multiple pathogens and nutrient levels. Further studies need to confirm these associations and determine the direction of effect.
2B4: A potential target in Staphylococcus aureus associated allergic inflammation
Authors: Gaur Pratibha , Seaf Mansour , Trabelsi Nirit , Marcu Orly , Gafarov Daria , Schueler-Furman Ora , Mandelboim Ofer , Ben-Zimra Micha , Levi-Schaffer Francesca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and its exotoxins activate eosinophils (Eos) and mast cells (MCs) via CD48, a GPI-anchored receptor belonging to the signaling lymphocytes activation molecules (SLAM) family. 2B4 (CD244), an immuno-regulatory transmembrane receptor also belonging to the SLAM family, is the high-affinity ligand for CD48. 2B4 is expressed on several leukocytes including NK cells, T cells, basophils, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and Eos. In the Eos and MCs crosstalk carried out by physical and soluble interactions (named the ‘allergic effector unit’, AEU), 2B4–CD48 binding plays a central role. As CD48 and 2B4 share some structural characteristics and SA colonization accompanies most of the allergic diseases, we hypothesized that SA exotoxins (e.g. Staphylococcus enterotoxin B, SEB) can also bind and activate 2B4 and thereby possibly further aggravate inflammation. To check our hypothesis, we used in vitro, in silico, and in vivo methods. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry (FC), fluorescence microscopy, and microscale thermophoresis, we have shown that SEB can bind specifically to 2B4. By Eos short- and long-term activation assays, we confirmed the functionality of the SEB–2B4 interaction. Using computational modeling, we identified possible SEB-binding sites on human and mouse 2B4. Finally, in vivo, in an SEB-induced peritonitis model, 2B4-KO mice showed a significant reduction of inflammatory features compared with WT mice. Altogether, the results of this study confirm that 2B4 is an important receptor in SEB-mediated inflammation, and therefore a role is suggested for 2B4 in SA associated inflammatory conditions.
Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell: Ontogenetic Cellular Mechanism and Clinical Translation
Authors: Xu Haoran , Zhou Runhong , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Mounting evidence has indicated the essential role of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells for frontline protection against viral infection and for cancer immune surveillance (Mueller SN, Mackay LK. Tissue-resident memory T cells: local specialists in immune defense. Nat Rev Immunol 2016, 16, 79–89. doi:10.1038/nri.2015.3.). TRM cells are transcriptionally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct from circulating memory T (Tcirm) cells. It is necessary to understand the unique ontogenetic mechanism, migratory regulation, and biological function of TRM cells. In this review, we discuss recent insights into cellular mechanisms and discrete responsiveness in different tissue microenvironments underlying TRM cell development. We also emphasize the translational potential of TRM cells by focusing on their establishment in association with improved protection in mucosal tissues against various types of diseases and effective strategies for eliciting TRM cells in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Comparison of Two High-Dose Versus Two Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccines in Adult Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Thomas Lora D , Batarseh Einas , Hamdan Lubna , Haddadin Zaid , Dulek Daniel , Kalams Spyros , Stewart Laura S , Stahl Anna L , Rahman Herdi , Amarin Justin Z , Hayek Haya , Ison Michael , Overton Edgar T , Pergam Steven A , Spieker Andrew J , Halasa Natasha B ,   the Adult HCT Flu Study, Savani B , Kassim  , Logue M , Barto S , McHenry R , Tanna S , Bezler L , Al-Saden P , Marshall M , Salzman D , Greenstein A , Jackson A , Wright S , Flowers M , Loeffelholz M , Marquis S , Nguyen E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Adult hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are at high risk for influenza-related morbidity and mortality and have suboptimal influenza vaccine immune responses compared to healthy adults, particularly within 2 years of transplant.

Methods
This phase II, double-blind, multicenter randomized controlled trial compared 2 doses of high-dose trivalent (HD-TIV) to 2 doses of standard-dose quadrivalent (SD-QIV) influenza vaccine administered 1 month apart in adults 3–23 months post-allogeneic HCT. Hemagglutinin antibody inhibition (HAI) titers were measured at baseline, 4 weeks following each vaccine dose, and approximately 7 months post-second vaccination. Injection-site and systemic reactions were assessed for 7 days post-vaccination. The primary immunogenicity comparison was geometric mean HAI titer (GMT) at visit 3 (4 weeks after the second dose); we used linear mixed models to estimate adjusted GMT ratios (aGMRs) comparing HD-TIV/SD-QIV for each antigen.

Results
We randomized 124 adults; 64 received SD-QIV and 60 received HD-TIV. Following the second vaccination, HD-TIV was associated with higher GMTs compared to SD-QIV for A/H3N2 (aGMR = 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.19, 3.68]) and B/Victoria (aGMR = 1.61; 95% CI: [1.00, 2.58]). The increase was not statistically significant for A/H1N1 (aGMR = 1.16; 95% CI: [0.67, 2.02]). There was a trend to more injection-site reactions for HD-TIV after the second vaccination compared to SD-QIV (50% vs 33%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.53; 95% CI: [0.71, 28.9]), whereas systemic reactions were similar between groups with both injections.

Conclusions
Adult allogeneic HCT recipients who received 2 doses of HD-TIV produced higher HAI antibody responses for A/H3N2 and B/Victoria compared with 2 doses of SD-QIV, with comparable injection-site or systemic reactions.
Platelet inhibition with orodispersible ticagrelor in acute coronary syndromes according to morphine use: the TASTER study final results
Authors: Parodi Guido , Dossi Filippo , Raccis Mario , Talanas Giuseppe , Mura Enrico , Siciliano Roberta , Guarino Simona , Marini Alessandro , Franca Paolo , Saba Pier Sergio , Sanna Giuseppe D , Canonico Mario E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
To date, it is still unknown whether orodispersible tablet (ODT) ticagrelor might represent a suitable way to reach a proper antiaggregation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients receiving morphine. Aim of the present study was to evaluate platelet inhibition with 180 mg ticagrelor loading dose (LD) administered as ODT compared with standard coated tablet ticagrelor formulation in ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) according to morphine use.

Methods and Results
One-hundred and 30 patients presenting with STEMI or very high-risk NSTE-ACS were randomly assigned to receive ODT or standard ticagrelor LD. Potential morphine-ticagrelor interaction was assessed by stratified randomization according to morphine use. Platelet reactivity was evaluated by Platelet Reactivity Units (PRU) VerifyNow™ 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after ticagrelor LD. The primary endpoint was residual platelet reactivity 1 h after LD across the two ticagrelor formulation and according to morphine use. Safety endpoints were major bleedings and other in-hospital ticagrelor administration-related adverse events. One hour after LD, PRU median value was higher in morphine-treated patients (N = 32) as compared with patients not receiving morphine (N = 98; PRU = 187 [70–217]) vs. 73 [7–187]; P = 0.012). In patients with morphine, 1-h PRU values were similar between study groups (192 [114–236] vs. 173 [16–215] in ODT and standard tablet ticagrelor, respectively). Similarly, in patients without morphine, 1-h PRU values were not significantly different between study groups (69 [8–152] vs. 110 [6—193] in ODT and standard tablet ticagrelor, respectively). Platelet reactivity appeared similar in the 2 study arms at 2, 4, and 6 h after LD. No significant difference was observed among patients with or without morphine regarding in-hospital adverse events or drug side-effects, even if a reinfarction due to acute stent thrombosis was observed in a patient treated with morphine.

Conclusions
There was no difference between ODT and standard ticagrelor tablets in terms of post-LD residual platelet reactivity, percentage of platelet inhibition or safety regardless to morphine use.
Association of radiation dose to cardiac substructures with major ischaemic events following breast cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Lai Tzu-Yu , Hu Yu-Wen , Wang Ti-Hao , Chen Jui-Pin , Shiau Cheng-Ying , Huang Pin-I , Lai I Chun , Tseng Ling-Ming , Huang Nicole , Liu Chia-Jen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with left-sided breast cancer receive a higher mean heart dose (MHD) after radiotherapy, with subsequent risk of ischaemic heart disease. However, the optimum dosimetric predictor among cardiac substructures has not yet been determined.

Methods and results
This study retrospectively reviewed 2158 women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was a major ischaemic event. The dose–volume parameters of each delineated cardiac substructure were calculated. The risk factors for major ischaemic events and the association between MHD and major ischaemic events were analysed by Cox regression. The optimum dose–volume predictors among cardiac substructures were explored in multivariable models by comparing performance metrics of each model. At a median follow-up of 7.9 years (interquartile range 5.6–10.8 years), 89 patients developed major ischaemic events. The cumulative incidence rate of major ischaemic events was significantly higher in left-sided disease (P = 0.044). Overall, MHD increased the risk of major ischaemic events by 6.2% per Gy (hazard ratio 1.062, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.12; P = 0.012). The model containing the volume of the left ventricle receiving 25 Gy (LV V25) with the cut-point of 4% presented with the best goodness of fit and discrimination performance in left-sided breast cancer. Age, chronic kidney disease, and hyperlipidaemia were also significant risk factors.

Conclusion
Risk of major ischaemic events exist in the era of modern radiotherapy. LV V25 ≥ 4% appeared to be the optimum parameter and was superior to MHD in predicting major ischaemic events. This dose constraint could aid in achieving better heart protection in breast cancer radiotherapy, though a further validation study is warranted.
EUIPO v KaiKai—filling an ‘EU legislative gap’ with an international treaty gap? On the interpretative effect of the international agreement at issue and consideration of other decisions on its interpretation
Authors: Hartman Gerben 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This case concerns, in essence, the question whether it is possible, in view of Article 4 of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (‘Paris Convention’), to claim priority from an earlier international application for a patent, filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), for the purpose of filing a Community design application.