bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Associated with Increasing Maternal Obesity
Authors: Addicott Katherine , Nudelman Matthew , Putty Krista , Prasher Priya , Preston Deborah , Yoost Jennie L , DeFruscio Annie , Bartlett David , Cavender Catherine , Carter Meagen , Datz Hannah , Rodriquez Kayla , Werthammer Joseph 
Published: June 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine adverse perinatal outcomes related to maternal preconception body mass index (BMI).
Study Design This is a retrospective observational cohort study at a single institution of 500 consecutive mothers of normal weight with a preconception BMI of 18.5 to less than 25 and 500 additional obese mothers with a preconception BMI more than or equal to 30. Maternal/newborn metrics were stratified by maternal preconception BMI and trend analysis was performed both by simple univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results The study included 858 mother/baby dyads after 142 were excluded. Trend analysis demonstrated higher preconception BMI was significantly associated with progressively higher rates of cesarean section (p < 0.001), preeclampsia p < 0.001), gestational diabetes (p < 0.001), preterm birth (p = 0.001), lower 1- and 5 minutes Apgar scores (p < 0.001), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.002). These associations remained significant in both simple univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.
Conclusion We demonstrated obese women are more likely to have maternal complications and neonatal morbidity when compared with normal weight mothers. Maternal and fetal complications increase with increasing obesity with superobese mothers (BMI ≥ 50) having more perinatal adverse outcomes when compared with other classes of obesity. It is reasonable to counsel weight loss prior to conception of women with BMI more than or equal to 30 in an effort to reduce maternal complications and neonatal morbidity related to pregnancy.
Key Points
Sulfoximines as S-Aryl Surrogates: A Photocatalytic Rapid, Metal-Free, Mild Protocol to Access 3-Arylsulfenyl Indoles
Authors: Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Priya V R Padma , Mercy A Antony Haritha , Natarajan K 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSulfoximines as S-aryl surrogates permit the preparation of 3-arylsulfenylindoles through reaction with indoles in the presence of I2 under visible-light irradiation. This environmentally friendly approach is fast, mild, metal-, photocatalyst-, additive-, and oxidant-free, and it provides the desired products in moderate to good yields with a wide substrate scope.
Medical Students' Syndrome among Medical Students in the University of Sharjah, UAE
Authors: Abdullah Saud Hilmi , Ahmed Ahmed Ehab , Algebail Homam Galal Eldin , Fatooh Ahmed , Ismail Laila Nour Aldeen , Radwan Nada Khaled , Sakan Nour Bade , Barqawi Hiba Jawdat 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Medical students' syndrome (MSS) is a set of psychosomatic symptoms that affect students due to their medical background knowledge.
Objectives This study aims to measure the prevalence and assess the knowledge about MSS among medical students at the University of Sharjah. It also aims to compare the attributed characteristics of MSS between different years of study.
Methods A self-administered 24-item questionnaire was distributed to 503 students enrolled in the College of Medicine at University of Sharjah using nonprobability convenience sampling during June 2021. A total of 472 responses were completed and analyzed using descriptive studies and chi-squared test.
Results The prevalence of MSS in this study was found to be 70.8% (n = 334). Clinical year students were 1.75 times more likely to have felt they had a disease they studied about (95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.90, p = 0.03).
Conclusion Medical students are more likely to experience MSS as their education progresses.
Toluidine Blue Stain as a Rapid Onsite Tool for Preliminary Diagnosis in Imprint Smears of Bronchoscopic Biopsy: A Cytohistopathological Correlation
Authors: Chowdhury Abhishek , Bhattacharya Riju , Panda Joyshree , Chakrabarty Debashis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is currently the most common cause of cancer-related mortality, with 11.4% of cancers and 18% of cancer-related deaths worldwide whereas Indian figures are 6.9 and 9.3%, respectively. Hence, the need for early diagnosis. Bronchial biopsy has the highest sensitivity among all the samples that can be obtained by bronchoscopic techniques in case of endobronchial lesions. Imprint cytology has emerged as an important cytological method. Toluidine blue has been studied for its use as rapid onsite stain for cytological evaluation on various samples of cytology in different anatomic sites. This has helped in quick and less expensive, preliminary reporting.
Objectives This article aims to assess the efficacy of onsite toluidine blue stain on imprint smears of bronchoscopic biopsies to diagnose malignancy in suspected cases of lung carcinoma.
Study Type Prospective study on accuracy of a diagnostic test.
Materials and Methods A total of 100 cases of bronchoscopy were included in the study. The patients were clinico-radiologically suspected to have brochogenic carcinoma and all of them were subjected to biopsy. Imprint smears were prepared from the bronchoscopy biopsy specimens. Smears were stained onsite with toluidine blue stain, and histopathology sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, also confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Results Sensitivity and specificity of onsite toluidine blue stain for malignancy reporting were 97.9 and 80%, respectively, when compared to histopathology as standard.
Conclusion Toluidine blue can be used as an onsite staining method on imprint smears of bronchoscopic biopsy for preliminary detection of lung malignancy.
Blue cadmium-free and air-fabricated quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Hänsch Paul , Solak Selen , Choi Hyung Seok , Kim Yohan , Ligorio Giovanni , Gensler Manuel , Kim Jiyong , Boeffel Christine , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Hermerschmidt Felix 
Published: June 2023

Quantum dot (QD) materials have found increasing use in display applications because of their high color purity and fluorescence quantum yield, enabling devices with higher brightness and efficiency. However, to access large-area printing and coating methods that are carried out in ambient conditions, it is necessary to, first, move away from toxic cadmium, and second, to target materials that can be air-processed. Herein, we synthesize zinc selenide-based blue QD material and air-fabricate light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and single-carrier devices. The encapsulated devices were also measured under ambient conditions. Multi-shell-structured ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS (core/shell/shell) QDs show pure deep blue/purple fluorescence emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 78%. The blue QD-LED devices are fabricated in a conventional structure with bottom light emission with two electron transport materials (ZnO and ZnMgO). The QD-LED devices with ZnO electron transport layer show a maximum luminance of ∼6200 cd m−2 at 9 V with a turn-on voltage of 3.5 V and current efficacy of 0.38 cd A−1, while with ZnMgO electron transport layer, the devices show a maximum luminance of 3000 cd m−2 at 7 V with a turn-on voltage of 3 V and current efficacy of 0.6 cd A−1. Electron-only and hole-only devices were fabricated to show and confirm the underlying charge transport mechanisms. To our knowledge, these results show for the first-time air-fabricated ZnSe-based QD-LEDs, paving the way for scaling up display applications and moving toward high-performance printed electronics.
Lattice thermal conductivity of silicon monolayer in biphenylene network
Authors: Guo Aiqing , Cao Fengli , Ju Weiwei , Wang Zhaowu , Wang Hui , Li Guo-Ling , Liu Gang 
Published: June 2023

Recently, the two-dimensional carbon sheet in a biphenylene network has been successfully fabricated by experiment [Fan et al., Science 372, 852 (2021)], promoting the study of silicon allotropes with similar structures. In this work, we investigate the lattice thermal conductivity of a silicon monolayer in a biphenylene network through first-principles calculations. It is found that the thermal conductivity is anisotropic and much lower than that of carbon sheets with a similar structure. At 300 K, the thermal conductivity is 2.46 and 3.25 W m−1 K−1 along the two crystallography directions, respectively. The phonon group velocity, relaxation time, and the contribution of each mode to total thermal conductivity are analyzed, to understand the underlying physical mechanisms of the low thermal conductivity. Our work provides fundamental insights into thermal transport in the silicon monolayer in the biphenylene network and should stimulate further experimental exploration of these materials for possible thermoelectric and thermal management applications.
Affordable methods for surface tension and contact angle measurements
Authors: Battaglia Onofrio Rosario , Agliolo Gallitto Aurelio , Termini Giulia , Fazio Claudio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present two different experiments aimed at supporting the understanding of surface phenomena at undergraduate level. In the first experiment, we measure the surface tension of several common liquids like water, oil, alcohol, etc by using a simplified custom-built Du Nouy ring apparatus. In the second experiment, the contact angle at the water-glass-air interface is estimated by means of two glass slides that form a sort of variable-size capillary. Materials and experimental apparatuses require a low budget, but the results agree very well with those reported in the literature, obtained with much more sophisticated and expensive equipment. This makes the experiments presented here suitable for educational paths aimed at understanding surface phenomena at undergraduate and even at high school level.
Measurement and control of stiction force in in-plane electrostatically actuated Si nanoelectromechanical cantilever relays with Pt contacts
Authors: Mamun Md Ataul , Smith Bennett , Horstmann Benjamin , Ding Kai , Atkinson Gary , Özgür Ümit , Avrutin Vitaliy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We measure the stiction force using in-plane electrostatically actuated Si nanoelectromechanical cantilever relays with Pt contacts. The average current-dependent values of the stiction force, ranging from 60 nN to 265 nN, were extracted using the I
DS vs V
GS hysteresis curves, the cantilever displacement information from finite element method (Comsol Multiphysics) simulations, and the force distribution determined using an analytical model. It is shown that the stiction force is inversely and directly proportional to the contact resistance (R
c) and drain-source current (I
DS), respectively. Using the dependence of the stiction force on the contact current, we demonstrate the tuning of the voltage hysteresis for the same relay from 8 V to 36 V (equivalent to a stiction force of 70 nN to 260 nN, respectively). We attribute the stiction force primarily to the metallic bonding force, which shows a strong dependence on the contact current.
Ultra-small high‐temperature pressure sensor chips fabricated in single‐layer (111) SOI wafers
Authors: Li Peng , Li Wei , Chen Changnan , Sun Ke , Liu Min , Ni Zao , Wang Jiachou , Li Xinxin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm tiny-sized high-temperature piezoresistive pressure sensor fabricated with a thin-film under bulk single-sided micromachining process from the front-side of single-layer (111) silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. The (111)-device layer of the SOI wafer is specifically selected to optimize the piezoresistor performance where the SiO2 buried layer isolates the piezoresistors from the handle substrate. And the (111)-handle layer is employed to subtly construct a single-crystalline-silicon beam-island combining with a very thin but uniform poly-silicon diaphragm for realization of both low nonlinearity and high sensitivity. Without double-sided micromachining process and wafer bonding used, a tiny sensor-chip size of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm is achieved, which is required in wind-tunnel systems for measuring pressure distribution at high temperature. The testing results of the fabricated sensor show high sensitivity of 0.15 mV V−1 kPa−1 for 150 kPa measure range and satisfactory linearity of ±0.11% FS (full scale) at ambient temperature. At 350 °C, the overall accuracy is 0.17% FS and the thermal hysteresis is 0.22% FS. The temperature coefficient of zero-point offset of the sensor is tested as low as 0.01% °C−1 FS and the temperature coefficient of sensitivity is −0.07% °C−1 FS within the whole temperature range from −55 °C to 350 °C. Featuring the advantages of high accuracy and high-yield low-cost fabrication, the tiny-sized high-temperature pressure sensors exhibit promising perspectives in the field of aerospace industry including wind-tunnel applications.
Monte Carlo method for investigating population kinetics in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas
Authors: Tao Zhihao , Zhou Hao , Zhou Xu , Wang Chuan , Hu Ronghao , Lv Meng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We propose a new method to solve the collisional-radiative (CR) model with the Monte Carlo method for investigating population kinetics of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas. The CR model is solved using massive sample particles accounting detailed energy levels. Whether an atom/ion undergoes an ionization/excitation/decay process is determined by probabilities calculated from ionization cross-sections, excitation and decay rates. By continuously iterating this process for massive atoms/ions, the ionization population distribution is obtained. The numerical convergence can be achieved for a mid-Z element using 103 particles in the Monte Carlo simulation. The results of the Monte Carlo simulations are compared with other methods and experimental results. The self emission spectra of silicon plasma is obtained and the ionization population distribution of silicon and iron plasmas are calculated. The proposed method can be used to interpret high energy density experiments and astrophysical phenomena where non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects play vital roles.
Characterization of charge-carrier dynamics at the Bi2Se3/MgF2 interface by multiphoton pumped UV–Vis transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Glinka Yuri D , He Tingchao , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Separate relaxation dynamics of electrons and holes in experiments on optical pumping-probing of semiconductors is rarely observed due to their overlap. Here we report the separate relaxation dynamics of long-lived (∼200 μs) holes observed at room temperature in a 10 nm thick film of the 3D topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 coated with a 10 nm thick MgF2 layer using transient absorption spectroscopy in the UV–Vis region. The ultraslow hole dynamics was observed by applying resonant pumping of massless Dirac fermions and bound valence electrons in Bi2Se3 at a certain wavelength sufficient for their multiphoton photoemission and subsequent trapping at the Bi2Se3/MgF2 interface. The emerging deficit of electrons in the film makes it impossible for the remaining holes to recombine, thus causing their ultraslow dynamics measured at a specific probing wavelength. We also found an extremely long rise time (∼600 ps) for this ultraslow optical response, which is due to the large spin–orbit coupling splitting at the valence band maximum and the resulting intervalley scattering between the splitting components. The observed dynamics of long-lived holes is gradually suppressed with decreasing Bi2Se3 film thickness for the 2D TI Bi2Se3 (film thickness below 6 nm) due to the loss of resonance conditions for multiphoton photoemission caused by the gap opening at the Dirac surface state nodes. This behavior indicates that the dynamics of massive Dirac fermions predominantly determines the relaxation of photoexcited carriers for both the 2D topologically nontrivial and 2D topologically trivial insulator phases.
Simulation-driven bandpass filter in association with an optimal bandwidth to detect faults in axial piston pumps
Authors: Li Jiahao , Liu Yi , Chen Qian , Xiang Jiawei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to the special working environments of axial piston pumps in engineering, fault features are disrupted by the natural periodic impulses. A finite element method (FEM) simulation-driven bandpass filter (BPF) is provided for detecting bearings. However, the bandwidth of the BPF is designed empirically through human experience with uncertainty. To overcome the associated limitations, a bandwidth optimization strategy of FEM simulation-driven BPF is proposed by using an integrated kurtosis, which is a combination of two kinds of kurtosis indices. The new index is used as a discrimination value for a success–failure algorithm to iteratively determine the optimal bandwidth of the BPF. Finally, compared to the original BPF and its improved version, experimental results of faulty bearings in an axial piston pump verify the fault feature extraction ability for the reciprocating motion machine under heavy impact-induced natural periodic impulses.
A fast volume measurement method for obtaining point cloud data from bulk stockpiles
Authors: Ding Weili , Zhang Kai , Shao Changyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To improve the efficiency of port bulk handling, a fast volume measurement algorithm for irregular bulk cargo is proposed in this paper. The elevation laser scanner and solid-state Lidar are used to determine the geometric information of bulk piles. The 3D point cloud data of the irregular bulk cargo was extracted, and the volume of the pile was calculated using the point cloud. To realize fast measurements, the algorithm first obtains a series of sliced point clouds and generates the slice matrix via dimensionality reduction and rasterization. Next, the area of the slice matrix is filled by the X-scan line algorithm. Finally, the volume of the whole point clouds is obtained by integrating the area of each slice matrix. Extensive experiments on datasets of realistic scenarios demonstrate that the proposed measurement method can complete point cloud reconstruction and volume calculation for different types of stockpiles with a good balance of accuracy, robustness, and execution efficiency.
Measuring thermal conductivity of nanostructures with the 3ω method: the need for finite element modeling
Authors: Peri Lorenzo , Prete Domenic , Demontis Valeria , Degoli Elena , Ruini Alice , Magri Rita , Rossella Francesco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Conventional techniques of measuring thermal transport properties may be unreliable or unwieldy when applied to nanostructures. However, a simple, all-electrical technique is available for all samples featuring high-aspect-ratio: the 3ω method. Nonetheless, its usual formulation relies on simple analytical results which may break down in real experimental conditions. In this work we clarify these limits and quantify them via adimensional numbers and present a more accurate, numerical solution to the 3ω problem based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Finally, we present a comparison of the two methods on experimental datasets from InAsSb nanostructures with different thermal transport properties, to stress the crucial need of a FEM counterpart to 3ω measurements in nanostructures with low thermal conductivity.
MRI tractography-guided PET image reconstruction regularisation using connectome-based nonlocal means filtering
Authors: Sun Zhuopin , Angelis Georgios , Meikle Steven , Calamante Fernando 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) molecular biomarkers and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) derived information show associations and highly complementary information in a number of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease. Diffusion MRI provides valuable information about the microstructure and structural connectivity (SC) of the brain which could guide and improve the PET image reconstruction when such associations exist. However, this potental has not been previously explored. In the present study, we propose a CONNectome-based non-local means one-atep late maximum a posteriori (CONN-NLM-OSLMAP) method, which allows diffusion MRI-derived connectivity information to be incorporated into the PET iterative image reconstruction process, thus regularising the estimated PET images. The proposed method was evaluated using a realistic tau-PET/MRI simulated phantom, demonstrating more effective noise reduction and lesion contrast improvement, as well as the lowest overall bias compared with both a median filter applied as an alternative regulariser and CONNectome-based non-local means as a post-reconstruction filter. By adding complementary SC information from diffusion MRI, the proposed regularisation method offers more useful and targeted denoising and regularisation, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating connectivity information into PET image reconstruction.
Performance of low-loss demountable joints between CORC® cable-in-conduit-conductors at magnetic fields up to 8 T developed for fusion magnets
Authors: Weiss Jeremy D , van der Laan Danko C , Radcliff Kyle , Bagrets Nadezda , Lange Christian , Allen Steven , Holt Julian , Alsworth Ian , Daniels Peter , Dieudonne Yannik , Schoofs Frank 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High-temperature superconductors (HTS) are promising candidates for use in the high-field magnets needed in particle accelerators and fusion reactors. HTS conductor on round core (CORC®) cables and wires wound from ReBa2Cu3O7-x
(REBCO) coated tapes are being developed for use in high-field magnet applications including fusion magnets operating at currents beyond 80 kA, requiring them to be bundled into cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) configurations. The use of HTS cables enable demountable superconducting fusion magnets that would allow easier access to the fusion machine for maintenance and parts replacement. Such demountable magnets require practical, low-resistance joints, capable of injecting current uniformly into the many REBCO tapes that make up different cable designs. Optimization steps on CORC® cables have resulted in high-current terminations and joints with a joint resistance measured between a pair of 30-tape CORC® cables of 51 nΩ at 76 K and 1.9 nΩ at 4 K. Demountable joints between CICCs consisting of six CORC® cables arranged in flat and round configurations were also tested and compared to joints between low-temperature superconducting (LTS) CICCs consisting of NbTi Rutherford cables. Samples were paired into two configurations (LTS-to-LTS and HTS-to-HTS) with a demountable joint between them that were each tested in series with currents up to 10 000 A in an applied background magnetic field of up to 8 T. The total loop resistance of the HTS-to-HTS sample, including their terminations and joint, was about 4 nΩ at 4 K in self-field with the resistance of the copper pressed joint being less than 1 nΩ. At 8 T, the total loop resistance increased to 6.9 nΩ with the pressed joint contributing 1.4 nΩ. These initial tests prove the feasibility of producing remountable (dry) joints with low resistance between superconducting magnet windings in future compact fusion machines.