bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare seeking patterns for TB symptoms: Findings from the first national TB prevalence survey of South Africa, 2017–2019
Authors: Moyo Sizulu , Ismail Farzana , Mkhondo Nkateko , van der Walt Martie , Dlamini Sicelo S. , Mthiyane Thuli , Naidoo Inbarani , Zuma Khangelani , Tadolini Marina , Law Irwin , Mvusi Lindiwe 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAlthough tuberculosis (TB) symptoms have limited sensitivity they remain an important entry point into the TB care cascade.ObjectivesTo investigate self-reported healthcare seeking for TB symptoms in participants in a community-based survey.MethodsWe compared reasons for not seeking care in participants reporting ≥1 of four TB screening symptoms (cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever) in the first South African national TB prevalence survey (2017–2019). We used logistic regression analyses to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with healthcare seeking.Results5,168/35,191 (14.7%) survey participants reported TB symptoms and 3,442/5168 had not sought healthcare. 2,064/3,442(60.0%) participants intended to seek care, 912 (26.5%) regarded symptoms as benign, 399 (11.6%) reported access barriers(distance and cost), 36 (1.0%) took other medications and 20(0.6%) reported health system barriers. Of the 57/98 symptomatic participants diagnosed with bacteriologically confirmed TB who had not sought care: 38(66.7%) intended to do so, 8(14.0%) regarded symptoms as benign, and 6(10.5%) reported access barriers. Among these 98, those with unknown HIV status(OR 0.16 95% CI 0.03–0.82), p = 0.03 and those who smoked tobacco products(OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17–0.89, p = 0.03) were significantly less likely to seek care.ConclusionsPeople with TB symptoms delayed seeking healthcare, many regarded symptoms as benign while others faced access barriers. Those with unknown HIV status were significantly less likely to seek care. Strengthening community-based TB awareness and screening programmes together with self-screening models could increase awareness of the significance of TB symptoms and contribute to improving healthcare seeking and enable many people with TB to enter the TB care cascade.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its drivers: An empirical study of the vaccine hesitant group in Malaysia
Authors: Vaithilingam Santha , Hwang Li-Ann , Nair Mahendhiran , Ng Jason Wei Jian , Ahmed Pervaiz , Musa Kamarul Imran 
Published: March 2023

Background
Sporadic outbreaks of COVID-19 remain a threat to public healthcare, especially if vaccination levels do not improve. As Malaysia begins its transition into the endemic phase, it is essential to identify the key determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention amongst the pockets of the population who are still hesitant. Therefore, focusing on a sample of individuals who did not register for the COVID-19 vaccination, the current study integrated two widely used frameworks in the public health domain—the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA)—to examine the inter-relationships of the predictors of vaccination intention amongst these individuals.

Methodology
Primary data from 117 respondents who did not register for the COVID-19 vaccination were collected using self-administered questionnaires to capture predictors of vaccination intention amongst individuals in a Malaysian context. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to analyze the data.

Results
Subjective norms and attitude play key mediating roles between the HBM factors and vaccination intention amongst the unregistered respondents. In particular, subjective norms mediate the relationship between cues to action and vaccination intention, highlighting the significance of important others to influence unregistered individuals who are already exposed to information from mass media and interpersonal discussions regarding vaccines. Trust, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits indirectly influence vaccination intention through attitude, indicating that one’s attitude is vital in promoting behavioral change.

Conclusion
This study showed that the behavioral factors could help understand the reasons for vaccine refusal or acceptance, and shape and improve health interventions, particularly among the vaccine-hesitant group in a developing country. Therefore, policymakers and key stakeholders can develop effective strategies or interventions to encourage vaccination amongst the unvaccinated for future health pandemics by targeting subjective norms and attitude.
Awareness level, knowledge and attitude towards breast cancer among staff and students of Hail University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almeshari Meshari , Alzamil Yasser , Alyahyawi Amjad , Abanomy Ahmad , Althmali Omar , Al-Enezi Mamdouh S. , C. G. ShashiKumar , Osman Hamid , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Awareness of screening procedures and illness warning signals is critical for expanding and implementing screening programs in society, which would improve the odds of early identification of breast cancer.

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer risk factors, signs, symptoms and methods of screening among female faculty and students at Hail University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 through February 2021 in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. A closed-ended questionnaire, which consisted of 37 questions, was distributed online (using a Google Forms link) in both English and Arabic languages. Data was collected from 425 female subjects who participated in the study.

Results
The study showed an overall knowledge level of 46.36% regarding breast cancer. Participants had average knowledge about risk factors, signs, and symptoms, whereas their awareness and practice of breast self-examination and screening methods were weak.

Conclusion
The current study concluded that public awareness of breast cancer remains relatively low, and Saudi Arabia still needs several public awareness initiatives using mass media, such as television, the Internet, and radio, as well as social media. Special awareness programs should also be held in places where a large number of women can easily be reached, such as colleges, universities, and hospitals.
A protocol for a systematic review of electronic early warning/track-and-trigger systems (EW/TTS) to predict clinical deterioration: Focus on automated features, technologies, and algorithms
Authors: Rostam Niakan Kalhori Sharareh , Deserno Thomas M. , Haghi Mostafa , Ganapathy Nagarajan 
Published: March 2023

Background
This is a systematic review protocol to identify automated features, applied technologies, and algorithms in the electronic early warning/track and triage system (EW/TTS) developed to predict clinical deterioration (CD).

Methodology
This study will be conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to evaluate the features of EW/TTS in terms of their automated features, technologies, and algorithms. To this end, we will include any English articles reporting an EW/TTS without time limitation. Retrieved records will be independently screened by two authors and relevant data will be extracted from studies and abstracted for further analysis. The included articles will be evaluated independently using the JBI critical appraisal checklist by two researchers.

Discussion
This study is an effort to address the available automated features in the electronic version of the EW/TTS to shed light on the applied technologies, automated level of systems, and utilized algorithms in order to smooth the road toward the fully automated EW/TTS as one of the potential solutions of prevention CD and its adverse consequences.

Trial registration
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022334988.
Transarterial chemoembolization combined with apatinib plus PD-1 inhibitor for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Xia Wei-Li , Zhao Xiao-Hui , Guo Yuan , Hu Hong-Tao , Cao Guang-Shao , Li Zhen , Fan Wei-Jun , Xu Shi-Jun , Li Hai-Liang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To compare transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with apatinib and PD-1 inhibitor (TACE-AP) with TACE combined with apatinib alone (TACE-A) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal tumor thrombus (PVTT) and to explore the prognostic factors affecting the survival of patients.

Patients and methods:
This retrospective study analyzed data of HCC patients with PVTT who were treated with TACE-AP or TACE-A between January 2018 and June 2021. The primary endpoints of the study were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs). Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability weighting (IPTW) analysis were used to reduce patient selection bias, and COX regression analysis was used to analyze prognostic factors affecting patient survival.

Results:
Sixty-nine and 40 patients were included in the TACE-A and TACE-AP group, respectively. After PSM and IPTW analysis, the median PFS and median OS in the TACE-AP group were significantly higher than those in the TACE-A group (PFS: after PSM, 6.9 months vs 4.0 months, P < 0.001, after IPTW, 6.5 months vs 5.1 months, P < 0.001; OS: after PSM,14.6 months vs 8.5 months P < 0.001, after IPTW, 16.1 months vs 10.5 months, P < 0.001). After PSM and IPTW, the tumor ORR in the TACE-AP group was significantly higher than that in the TACE-A group (PSM, 53.6% VS 17.9%, P = 0.005; IPTW, 52.5% vs 28.6%, P = 0.013). All treatment-related adverse reactions (AEs) were observed to be tolerated. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the main prognostic factors affecting the survival of patients were tumor number, PVTT type, AFP, and treatment mode.

Conclusion:
In the treatment of HCC patients with PVTT, TACE-AP significantly improved PFS, OS and ORR, and the AEs were safe and controllable.
A review of research methods for corrosion under insulation
Authors: Wu Jiangshun , Ghosh Sukanta , Gonuguntla Manoj , Liu Fuhai , Jin Ying 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a crucial issue in the industry. Its importance has been increasingly acknowledged because of the high cost and potential danger of causing severe losses. This review gives essential knowledge of CUI and summarizes the research from several aspects, including lab experiments, field tests, CUI prediction methods and numerical simulation research in porous materials. Insulation material, coating, substrate metallic material of the equipment, operating temperature and surroundings are some critical factors that should be considered in the CUI problem. Experimental research methods of CUI and mass transfer in insulation materials were summarized, as well as the applications of data science in CUI prediction. This review also focuses on simulation researches on heat and moisture transfer in porous insulation materials since numerical simulations are helpful for establishing validated models for CUI by modeling to describe the specific processes and predict environmental conditions of CUI for further corrosion research. Combined experimental and simulation work of CUI would be a practical and effective method for CUI research.
Nanowire dimer optical antenna brightens the surface defects of silicon
Authors: Li Ze , You Qingzhang , Wang Hui , Zhang Lisheng , Zhang Duan , Jia Shangtong , Fang Yan , Wang Peijie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plasmonic hot spots located between metallic dimer nanostructures have been utilized comprehensively to achieve efficient light emission. However, different from the enhancement occurred in the plasmonic hot spot, the investigation of light emission off the hot spot on submicron scale remains challenge. In this work, we have constructed a plasmonic nanowire dimer (NWD) system to brighten the light emission of the surface defects of silicon off the hot spot on the submicron scale. The NWD can trap light through plasmonic gap, then, the excited emitter on the submicron scale can radiate light efficiently by coupling with the dipole gap plasmonic mode. Furthermore, the coupling of dipole plasmonic mode with the emitters can be tuned by changing the gap size, and then photoluminescence emission was drastically enhanced up to 126 folds. Theoretical simulations reveal the photoluminescence enhancement arises from the combination of the NWD’s high radiation efficiency, Purcell enhancement, efficient redirection of the emitted photoluminescence and the excitation enhancement. In this study, the photoluminescence signal can be effectively enhanced by placing nano-antenna patch on the detected low-quantum-efficiency emitters, which may open up a pathway toward controlling plasmonic gap mode enhanced light emission off the hot spot on submicron scale.
Viewing the impact of Brexit on Britain’s financial centre through an historical lens: Can there be a third reinvention of the City of London?
Authors: Dymski Gary , Gavris Maria , Huaccha Gissell 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper considers the question of how Brexit will affect the City of London from a long-term perspective, putting the changes induced by Brexit into the context of the City’s historical evolution over the past century. This perspective permits us to see that the City has continued to thrive because of a series of radical adjustments necessitated by the UK’s loss of its empire and by the emergence of global US financial power. Challenges to the global prominence of the City in Britain’s post-empire period have required two separate ‘reinventions’: the first, in the 1960s, involved localizing the Eurodollar markets; the second, in the 1990s, involved making London the preferred hub for providing sophisticated financial services within the European Union (EU)’s single market. The Great Financial Crisis put in motion several economic and political dynamics that have, however, undercut the City’s special global role. It is unclear whether maintaining the City’s offshore focus via a third reinvention, in a period of prolonged stagnation and increasing inequality in UK regions outside London, will be possible.
Produzierendes Gewerbe auf internationalem Niveau
Authors: Harlacher Markus , Feggeler Nils , Peifer Yannick , Ottersböck Nicole 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In diesem Beitrag werden Teilergebnisse aus der Studie „Künstliche Intelligenz in produzierenden Unternehmen“ des ifaa – Institut für angewandte Arbeitswissenschaft vorgestellt. Der Fokus liegt auf der Beschreibung geplanter oder bereits eingeführter KI-Anwendungen, ihren Nutzen und Hemmnissen bei der Einführung im Betrieb. Als Basis dienen dabei 332 Studienteilnehmende aus Unternehmen, in denen KI-Anwendungen geplant bzw. eingeführt wurden. Dies entspricht etwa 70 Prozent der Unternehmen der Gesamtstichprobe und ist mit Ergebnissen internationaler Studien vergleichbar.
Development of Cyclic Interface Shear Test Device and Testing Procedure to Measure the Response of Cohesive Soil-Structure Interface
Authors: Abu Qamar Mu’ath I. , Suleiman Muhannad T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cyclic loading acting on foundations supporting renewable energy systems affects the soil-structure interface properties and shear resistance. The cyclic shear stress and cyclic displacement applied to the cohesive soil-structure interface may cause volume changes and pore pressure build up in the surrounding soil. This article focuses on the development of a new testing device named the cyclic interface shear test (CIST). The CIST is a fully automated device developed to directly measure the response of cohesive soil-structure interface for foundations subjected to long-term cyclic axial loading. This article describes the newly developed testing device, including the design of the shear head and the three-dimensional (3D) printed interface elements, as well as the control system and data acquisition system. Furthermore, the article presents the sample preparation for clayey soil and the recommended testing procedure for conducting static or cyclic interface shear tests, or both. The developed CIST device is capable of applying one-way, two-way, or combined one- and two-way cycles. Furthermore, the CIST is capable of applying different amplitudes, a range of loading frequencies, and a large number of cycles. To demonstrate the capabilities of the CIST device and to finalize the testing procedure, a series of preliminary CISTs and a static baseline test on cohesive soil-3D printed interface were performed.
Los guardianes de acceso al metaverso. (Re)pensando el Derecho de la competencia de la Unión Europea
Authors: Cruz Ángeles Jonatán 
Published: March 2023

El Metaverso, un espacio completamente virtual, está llamado a plantear nuevos desafíos para el Derecho de la Competencia de la Unión Europea. En estos momentos, los denominados gigantes tecnológicos están invirtiendo miles de millones de dólares para desarrollar nuevas plataformas autodenominadas “metaversos”. Entre éstas, destacan los proyectos iniciados por Epic Games, Roblox Corporation, Meta o Microsoft. No obstante, al usuario medio todavía no le queda claro en qué consiste este nuevo mercado ni mucho menos cómo se clasificará en términos antimonopolio. Así las cosas, en este artículo trataremos de definir este fenómeno y estudiaremos cómo la Unión Europea ha creado una nueva categoría: la de “guardianes de acceso” para designar a aquellas empresas o plataformas de mayor volumen o éxito, asignándoles toda una serie de obligaciones, con el fin de garantizar que el mercado en el que interactúan siga siendo equitativo y disputable.
Lateral and temporal variations of a multi-phase coarse-grained submarine slope channel system, Upper Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation, southern Chile
Authors: Bozetti Guilherme , Kneller Benjamin , Cronin Bryan T. , Li Pan , McArthur Adam , Xu Jingping 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTUnderstanding variations in the sedimentary processes and resulting stratigraphic architecture in submarine channel systems is essential for characterizing sediment bypass and sedimentary facies distribution on submarine slopes. In the Santonian to Campanian Cerro Toro Formation, southern Chile, a coarse-grained slope system, informally known as the Lago Sofia Member, developed in a structurally controlled environment, with complex and poorly established relationships with the surrounding mud-rich heterolithic deposits.A detailed architectural analysis of the most continuous and best-exposed channel system in the Lago Sofia Member, the Paine C channel system, provides insights on lateral facies transitions from channel axis to margin, stacked in a multi-phase sequence of events marked by abrupt changes in facies, facies associations, and architecture.The Paine C channel system is incised into siltstones and claystones interbedded with thin-bedded very fine sandstones, interpreted to be either channel-related overbank or unrelated background deposits. The coarse-grained deposits are divided into a lower conglomeratic unit and an upper sand-rich unit. The lower conglomeratic unit can be further subdivided into three phases: 1) highly depositional and/or aggradational, dominated by thick and laterally continuous beds of clast- to matrix-supported conglomerate, herein named transitional event deposits; 2) an intermediate phase, including deposits similar to those dominant in phase 1 but also containing abundant clast-supported conglomerates and lenticular sandstones; and 3) a bypass-dominated phase, which records an architectural change into a highly amalgamated ca. 45-m-thick package composed purely of lenticular clast-supported conglomerates with local lenticular sandstones. Between the conglomeratic phases, a meter-scale package composed of interbedded thin- to medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone deposits is interpreted to drape the entire channel, indicating periods of weaker gravity flows running down the channel, with no evidence of bedload transport.The upper sand-rich unit is divided into lower amalgamated and upper non-amalgamated phases, and represents a rapid architectural change interpreted to record an overall waning of the system. The sandstone unit laps out onto a mass-transport complex which is interpreted to have been triggered initially at the same time as major architectural change from conglomerates to sandstones.While mindful of the fact that each system is a complete analogue only for itself, we propose a new depositional model for coarse-grained submarine channel systems, in which particular characteristics can provide significant insights into architectural heterogeneity and facies transitions in channelized systems, allowing substantial improvement in subsurface facies prediction for fluid reservoirs.
Surfactant Selection for Foam Generation: Implications for CO2 Geo-Sequestration
Authors: Kirtivardhan K. , Kakati Abhijit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe storage of CO2 foam in saline aquifers is an effective way of CO2 geo-sequestration. However, one of the primary concerns during storage of CO2 in underground geological reservoirs is the rapid upward migration of CO2 plume which eventually challenges the containment security. Injection of foam has been proposed as an effective solution to this problem from decades. Foams have low mobility and prevent the formation of high mobility channels. Surfactant is a crucial component in generating stable aqueous foam. The selection of surfactants as foaming agents is very important for the performance of the foam. The stability of a surfactant generated foam depends on the surfactant type, its concentration, salinity, pressure and temperature. In this study, stability of foam generated with two surfactants sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (anionic) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (cationic) are investigated at different surfactant concentrations. The effect of salinity and temperature were also investigated. The form was generated by purging air into a brine solution containing the surfactant. The foamability and the stability of the produced foam is first observed under room temperature and are then observed under elevated temperatures. The elevated temperature foam stability is observed by keeping the produced foam in an oven. The foamability was observed to increase with surfactant concentration. The salt inhibits generation of foam and the effect is prominent for CTAB than SDBS. The CTAB assisted foam has a higher stability than SDBS. However, at high temperature the foam stability was found to reduce significantly for both SDBS and CTAB; with CTAB foam has slightly higher stability than SDBS.