bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Ubiquitous Carbon Grain Destruction in Hot Protostellar Envelopes
Authors: Nazari Pooneh , Tabone Benoît , van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Jørgensen Jes K. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Earth is deficient in carbon and nitrogen by up to ∼4 orders of magnitude compared with the Sun. Destruction of (carbon- and nitrogen-rich) refractory organics in the high-temperature planet-forming regions could explain this deficiency. Assuming a refractory cometary composition for these grains, their destruction enhances nitrogen-containing, oxygen-poor molecules in the hot gas (≳300 K) after the initial formation and sublimation of these molecules from oxygen-rich ices in the warm gas (∼150 K). Using observations of 37 high-mass protostars with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we find that oxygen-containing molecules (CH3OH and HNCO) systematically show no enhancement in their hot component. In contrast, nitrogen-containing, oxygen-poor molecules (CH3CN and C2H3CN) systematically show an enhancement of a factor ∼5 in their hot component, pointing to additional production of these molecules in the hot gas. Assuming only thermal excitation conditions, we interpret these results as a signature of destruction of refractory organics, consistent with the cometary composition. This destruction implies a higher C/O and N/O in the hot gas than the warm gas, while the exact values of these ratios depend on the fraction of grains that are effectively destroyed. This fraction can be found by future chemical models that constrain C/O and N/O from the abundances of minor carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen carriers presented here.
First Optical Constants of Laboratory-generated Organic Refractory Materials (Tholins) Produced in the NASA Ames COSmIC Facility from the Visible to the Near Infrared (0.4–1.6 μm): Application to Titan’s Aerosols
Authors: Sciamma-O’Brien Ella , Roush Ted L. , Rannou Pascal , Dubois David , Salama Farid 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We have measured the complex refractive indices, from 0.4 to 1.6 μm, of five laboratory-generated organic refractory materials (tholins) produced at low temperature (150 K) using plasma chemistry in the stream of a supersonic expansion in NASA Ames’ COsmic SImulation Chamber (COSmIC) facility. Three samples were produced from N2:CH4 gas precursors (with different voltages inducing different degrees of ionization in the plasma), one sample was produced from N2:CH4:C2H2, and one sample was produced from Ar:CH4 in order to produce a purely carbonaceous sample. The optical constants, n and k, of the samples were determined using spectral reflectance measurements. We observe that both n and k appear to be correlated with the nitrogen content in the solid sample, with samples containing more nitrogen having higher n and k. Comparisons to previous laboratory studies and Titan aerosol optical constants derived from observations show that the COSmIC tholins with a higher nitrogen content (higher n and k) are closer analogs of Titan aerosols. We also present a new analysis of Cassini Visible Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of Titan’s atmosphere in the visible to near infrared using the COSmIC tholin optical constants in a radiative transfer model. The COSmIC tholin sample produced from N2:CH4 with the lowest energy level has a spectral behavior that appears well suited to reproduce the observed Titan aerosol properties. This study has therefore demonstrated that this COSmIC tholin sample has valuable and promising optical properties for the analysis of Cassini’s Titan atmospheric observations.
A survey of Tmarus Simon, 1875 (Araneae, Thomisidae) from Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China
Authors: Yang Weicheng , Yang Jinxiong , Zhang Jianshuang , Yu Hao 
Published: July 2023

Tmarus Simon, 1875 is a relatively large spider genus, currently includes 227 species distributed worldwide. Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve is one of China’s most biodiverse regions. However, Tmarus can be regarded as being poorly represented in Fanjing Mountain, with only one species having been recorded so far: T. fanjing Yang & Yu, 2022.
Recently, various expeditions to Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve were carried out by the authors. In this paper, two Tmarus species were brought to light by those expeditions: T. fanjing Yang & Yu, 2022 and T. circinalis Song & Chai, 1990. T. fanjing is redescribed, based on new material and the female is described and illustrated for the first time. The supplementary micrographs of T. circinalis are given for the first time. The DNA barcodes and a distribution map of both species are provided for future use.
Influence of 24-Week Yoga Intervention on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sharma Sonali , Bhardwaj Sonal , Gupta Arvind , Katoch Vishwa Mohan , Sharma Krishna Kumar , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims:
Persistent hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress are important in cardiovascular risk in type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). To evaluate the effect of 24-week yoga intervention on anthropometry and biochemical markers in DM patients, we performed a study.

Methods:
A hospital-based prospective randomized study in 104 participants with DM divided into control (n = 52) and intervention (n = 52) groups was performed. Patients in the intervention group performed 40 min of multifaceted individualized yoga exercises 5 days/week for 24 weeks. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis were performed at baseline and after 24 weeks in both groups. Descriptive statistics are reported.

Results:
Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. At 24 weeks, participants in the intervention versus controls had lower body mass index (25.6 ± 2.9 vs. 28.0 ± 3.2 kg/m2), waist–hip ratio (0.94 ± 0.06 vs. 0.99 ± 0.05), systolic blood pressure (121.2 ± 11.7 vs. 139.3 ± 19.1 mmHg), fasting glucose (142.7 ± 45.3 vs. 175.7 ± 45.4 mg/dL), glycated hemoglobin (7.2 ± 1.8 vs. 9.4 ± 1.9%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (167.5 ± 38.1 vs. 192.2 ± 51.4 mg/dL), nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (136.8 ± 35.3 vs. 158.6 ± 47.2 mg/dL), interleukin-6 (32.0 ± 21.5 vs. 43.5 ± 34.3 pg/mL), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (5.1 ± 3.7 vs. 9.5 ± 15.6 mg/L) (P ≤ 0.05). In the intervention group, higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (49.2 ± 15.0 vs. 40.4 ± 7.2 mg/dL) and serum total antioxidants (1.9 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.4 mmol/L) were observed (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
A short-term yoga intervention led to reduced glycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammatory markers and increased antioxidant status in patients with type-2 DM.
Interest in and Barriers to Practicing Yoga among Family Caregivers of People with Cancer
Authors: Desai Krupali , Applebaum Allison J. , Latte-Naor Shelly , Pendleton Eva M. , Cheyney Sarah , Li Qing S. , Bao Ting , Chimonas Susan , Mao Jun J. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Family caregivers of people with cancer report high levels of psychological distress. Yoga, with well-documented mental health benefits, could be a useful intervention to address distress in this population. However, little is known about yoga practices among cancer caregivers. The present study evaluates their interest in and barriers to yoga practice.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of family caregivers of cancer patients at five suburban satellite locations of an academic cancer center. Survey items and statistical analyses focused on yoga usage as well as interest in and barriers to yoga practice.

Results:
Among 539 participants, most were females (64.8%), white (84.2%), and caring for a spouse or partner (54.7%). Interest in practicing yoga among study participants was 42.3%. Increased interest was independently associated with being females (odds ratio [OR] = 3.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.98–5.51, P < 0.001) and employed (part-time: OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.1–6.18, P = 0.03; full-time: OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.1–2.01, P = 0.02). Few participants (6.3%) were currently practicing yoga, although 31% had done so in the past. Sixty-one percent of those who had practiced before their loved one’s diagnosis stopped practicing yoga afterward. Commonly cited barriers to yoga practice included time constraints (37.3%) and psychological obstacles (33.6%). About a quarter of those who had never practiced yoga lacked awareness of yoga’s benefits (26.6%).

Conclusion:
Despite the low use of yoga, interest in practicing was moderately high, especially among women and employed caregivers. As caregivers face numerous barriers to yoga practice, strategies are needed to overcome these barriers and help them access yoga’s health benefits.
Intraocular Pressure Changes Following Three “Head below the Heart” Postures in Yoga Practitioners – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Swathi N. , Ramanathan Meena , Srikanth K. , Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi 
Published: July 2023

Context:
Intraocular pressure (IOP) increases during “sirasasana” and may be a risk factor for the progression of glaucoma. Other “head below heart” asanas may also cause increase in IOP.

Aims:
To determine the change in IOP following three “head below the heart” postures-“meruasana”, “viparithakarni,” and “sarvangasana”.

Settings and Design:
Prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over 3 weeks.

Materials and Methods:
Willing, regular yoga practitioners recruited by purposive sampling performed “meruasana”, “viparithakarni,” and “sarvangasana” in random order according to a 3 × 3 periods cross over study design after baseline measurement of IOP, blood pressure (BP), and pulse rate. Each asana was held for 30 s. Within 15–30 s of completion of asana, IOP, BP, and pulse rate were recorded. There was an interval of 30 min between the asanas.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Normality of data was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Repeated measures of ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons was used to compare changes in IOP, BP, pulse rate following asana. P ≤ 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

Results:
There were 33 participants with a mean age of 29.6 ± 10.5 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.02, 33.18). The mean baseline IOP was 15.5 ± 3.4 mm Hg (95% CI: 14.34, 16.66) in the right eye and 16.7 ± 3.4 mm Hg (95% CI: 15.54, 17.86) in the left eye. IOP showed a significant reduction following each of the three asanas (P < 0.0001). However, neither pulse rate (P = 0.53) nor BP (P = 0.27) showed any change following the asanas.

Conclusions:
“Meruasana,” “viparithakarni,” and “sarvangasana” when held for 30 s by healthy yoga practitioners resulted in post-asana drop in IOP with no significant change in pulse rate or BP.
Intravenous Sildenafil for the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Ramirez Mirta Noemi Mesquita , Acevedo Margarita Samudio , Sarubbi Olivia C. Cardozo , Carrera Dina C. , Cabral Pedro L. Villalba 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Treatment of severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is based on the administration of selective pulmonary vasodilators. Inhaled nitric oxide is the only vasodilator therapy approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Non-selective vasodilator such as sildenafil has been the treatment available administered orally in most developing countries to manage newborn with PPHN. The aim of the study was to describe the effects and tolerability of intravenous (IV) sildenafil, as a loading dose of 0.4 mg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of 1.6 mg/kg for 72 h on the oxygenation index (OI) in neonates with PPHN.

Materials and Methods:
This was an exploratory observational prospective study. Newborns ≥35 weeks of gestational age, post-natal age ≤72 h, with PPHN and an OI ≥20 were included in the study. Sildenafil was administered intravenously as a loading dose of 0.4 mg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of 1.6 mg/kg for 72 h. During the sildenafil infusion, monitoring of vital signs and respiratory parameters was performed. The data were analysed with the SPSS v21.

Results:
Twenty-five infants were included. A significant improvement (P = 0.01) of OI (at admission, median: 25 and interquartile range [IQR] = 8) was observed at the end of the loading dose (3 h) (18 IQR = 4) and at 72 h (7 IQR = 4). No serious adverse effects were observed. Before hospital discharge, seven patients died.

Conclusions:
IV sildenafil administered, in newborns with PPHN with an IO ≥20, improved oxygenation in most of the patients without serious side effects.
Blood Glucose Profile of Exclusively Breastfed Healthy Newborns in the First 24 H of Life at Obio Cottage Hospital, Rivers State
Authors: Chukwuma Chidiebere Adaku , Tabansi Petronilla N. , Opara Peace I. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Hypoglycemia is common among healthy babies in the hours following delivery, as part of their necessary adjustments needed to survive outside the uterus. Although this condition has been proven to be temporary and remits spontaneously, the use of prelacteal feeds is still common due to the false impression of low blood glucose levels in newborns who are thought to have not been breastfed adequately.

Objective:
The objectives were to proffer a profile of blood glucose levels for healthy newborns in the first 24 h of life and to document signs of hypoglycemia among newborns with low blood glucose levels.

Materials and Methods:
This was a longitudinal study conducted over 6 weeks among 240 exclusively breastfed, healthy newborns delivered at Obio Cottage Hospital. The Finetest glucometer was used to measure blood glucose at the bedside at birth, three, 12, and 24 h.

Results:
The newborns comprised 137 (57.1%) males and 103 (42.9%) females. One hundred and ninety (79.2%) babies were born by spontaneous vertex delivery (SVD) and 50 (20.8%) by elective cesarean section. One (0.4%) newborn, delivered by SVD had asymptomatic hypoglycemia with a blood glucose level of 2.1 mmol/L at 3 h of life. A repeat random blood glucose testing done after an additional feed was 3.5 mmol/L and remained normal throughout the study. The mean blood glucose profile for the study population were 4.48 ± 1.09, 3.68 ± 0.65, 3.71 ± 0.55, and 4.09 ± 0.51 mmol/L at birth, 3, 12, and 24 h of life, respectively.

Conclusion:
Healthy newborns have normal blood glucose profiles in the first 24 h of life.
Effect of Light-emitting Diode Phototherapy on Serum Electrolyte Levels in Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia: A Prospective Single-center Study
Authors: Nazim Naadia , Gaur Bablu Kumar , Ahmad Fatima Afreen , Maini Baljeet , Singh Rupa Rajbhandari 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (NUH) is one of the common morbidities found in the 1st week of life. Phototherapy has been found to be the safest of all the known treatments for neonatal jaundice. Light-emitting diode phototherapy does, however, have some side effects, just like any other therapeutic approach.

Objectives:
We aimed to study the effect of light-emitting diode phototherapy and their duration on the serum electrolyte (serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium) levels in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (UH) and to study the effect of phototherapy modes on them.

Materials and Methods:
All stable icteric neonates, gestational age >35 weeks, who received phototherapy for UH were included in the study. A double-surface light-emitting diode phototherapy system (spectrum 430–470 nm) was used. These neonates were subjected to different phototherapy modes: normal and intensive. Total serum bilirubin and serum electrolytes were measured at the start and the end of phototherapy. Paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square test were used for the comparisons.

Results:
A total of 100 neonates were admitted for phototherapy. The male: female ratio was 1.08:1. The mean birth weight, mean gestational age, mean age, and mean duration of phototherapy of jaundiced neonates were 2.50 ± 0.603 kg, 36.8 ± 2.04 weeks, 2.56 ± 1.05 days, and 29.34 ± 6.51 h, respectively. The mean Na, K, Cl, and Ca levels before phototherapy were 140.10 ± 14.88 meq/L, 4.51 ± 0.55 meq/L, 105.65 ± 6.53 meq/L, and 8.90 ± 0.55 mg/dl and after phototherapy were 139.62 ± 5.38 meq/L, 4.36 ± 0.48 meq/L, 103.89 ± 6.85 meq/L, and 8.33 ± 0.72 mg/dl, respectively (P < 0.001). The duration of phototherapy was found to correlate with serum Ca levels significantly negative (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study shows that serum electrolyte levels were significantly decreased during light-emitting diode phototherapy. These levels were affected more by the duration of phototherapy than by its mode. Phototherapy-induced dyselectrolytemia is a significant concern, as electrolyte abnormalities result in severe short-term and long-term adverse effects.
An appraisal of therapeutic potential of Darvyadi Leha and its components in light of pharmacological evidences
Authors: Rai Deepshikha , Garg Girraj Prasad 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Darvyadi Leha is a classical Ayurveda formulation for Pandu Roga (anemia) described in Charak Samhita and Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Its ingredients include Daruharidra (Berberis aristata), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica), Amalki (Emblica officinalis), Shunthi (Zingiber officinalis), Pippali (Piper longum), Marich (Piper nigrum), Vidanga (Embelia ribes), and Ayoraj (Lauh bhasma). Avaleha dosage form is semisolid with thick consistency and will have the benefits of easy administration, better palatability, and longer shelf life.

Objectives:
To study the pharmacological evidences of Darvyadi Leha and its components.

Materials and Methods:
Research literature published in online journals of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, DHARA, and Ayush Research Portal, was searched extensively. The keywords used were pharmacological evidence or study of Darvyadi Leha, Daruharidra (B. aristata), Haritaki (T. chebula), Vibhitaki (T. bellirica), Amalki (E. officinalis), Shunthi (Z. officinalis), Pippali (P. longum), Marich (P. nigrum), Vidanga (E. ribes) and Ayoraj (Lauh bhasma). Journals published online in last 20 years were considered. Ayurveda classical texts were also referred.

Observations:
The components of drug, Darvyadi Leha have shown several properties namely anti-oxidant, bio-availability enhancer, anti-tussive, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerosis, and anti-microbial activities in in vitro studies and animal trials. Clinical evidences show significant therapeutic effect of Darvyadi Leha on anemia.

Conclusion:
The drug, Darvyadi Leha has a promising therapeutic potential to be used as a Rasayana drug, an anti-infective agent and drug for iron deficiency anemia. The same needs to be further validated with larger, multicentric, standard controlled and randomized clinical trials.
Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and Ayurveda Treatment
Authors: Kapoorchand Hemalatha 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea (Udavarta yonivyapad) in Indian population and the utilization of Ayurvedic practices. Furthermore, the study attempts to analyze the barriers to Ayurvedic health care access in Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey was done using a semistructured questionnaire with 40 questions on various aspects of dysmenorrhea and the utilization of Ayurvedic health services. From the responses of 310 respondents, 306 were included in the study. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to gauge the intensity of pain. A descriptive analysis of the data collected was done, and the results were expressed as percentages.

Results:
The present study shows 75.16% prevalence of dysmenorrhea. Among the respondents with dysmenorrhea, over-the-counter usage of medicines was more prevalent in participants with mild dysmenorrhea, whereas professional consultation was sought with increased severity of pain. Many participants sought more than one treatment modality for pain relief. Those who got relief were 38.89% who sought allopathic treatment and 62.79% who sought Ayurvedic management.

Conclusion:
The number of participants seeking Ayurvedic professional was comparatively less with regard to the prevalence of dysmenorrhea. Even though Ayurvedic management is perceived to be effective in managing dysmenorrhea by those who opted, the number of participants who sought Ayurveda was less. Lack of awareness regarding Ayurvedic remedies for simple ailments such as dysmenorrhea and lack of reference system were the reasons for it. Awareness should be created regarding Ayurvedic management of dysmenorrhea and other ailments for safe and efficacious use of Ayurvedic health care system.
Independent predictors and clinical predictive score of postanesthetic reintubation after general anesthesia: A time-matched, case control study
Authors: Choovongkomol Chidchanok , Ariyanuchitkul Thidarat , Choovongkomol Kongtush , Tongjapo Vipanee 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Postanesthetic reintubation is associated with increased morbidities and mortality; however, it can be reduced with defined predictors and using a score as a tool. This study aimed to identify independent predictors and develop a reliable predictive score.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective, time-matched, case control study was conducted on patients who underwent general anesthesia between October 2017 and September 2021. Using stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis, predictors were determined and the predictive score was developed and validated.

Results:
Among 230 patients, 46 were in the reintubated group. Significant independent predictors included age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.96 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.23, 7.10]), the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III–IV (OR 6.60 [95%CI 2.50 17.41]), body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 (OR 4.91 [95% CI 1.55, 15.51]), and head and neck surgery (OR 4.35 [95% CI 1.46, 12.87]). The predictive model was then developed with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.78, 0.90). This score ranged from 0 to 29 and was classified into three subcategories for clinical practicability, in which the positive predictive values were 6.01 (95% CI 2.63, 11.50) for low risk, 18.64 (95% CI 9.69, 30.91) for moderate risk, and 71.05 (95% CI 54.09, 84.58) for high risk.

Conclusion:
The independent predictors for postanesthetic reintubation according to this simplified risk-based scoring system designed to aid anesthesiologists before extubation were found to be advanced age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, obesity, and head and neck surgery.
Comunicación y archivos: un binomio indispensable para la preservación de la memoria histórica
Authors: Molina López Marilín Isis , Delgado-López Yorlis , López Milanés Maritza 
Published: July 2023

Las ciencias de la comunicación refuerzan y coadyuvan al cumplimiento de la función social de los archivos. La gestión, planificación y adecuado uso de sus herramientas propicia la valoración de estas entidades y de su mayor recurso: el patrimonio documental. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar los elementos doctrinales que sustentan la gestión de la comunicación en instituciones de archivo, a fin de cumplir estas con su función social desde la difusión archivística y para la preservación de la memoria histórica; sobre la base de criterios doctrinales desde las ciencias de la comunicación y su aplicación práctica en las instituciones de archivo, con una mirada interdisciplinar. Para lograr este fin se tuvo en cuenta el paradigma del conocimiento interaccionista, con un enfoque comunicativo desde una perspectiva holística. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas como histórico-lógico, inductivo-deductivo, análisis-síntesis, sistémico-estructural, la revisión bibliográfica, el análisis documental, el meta-análisis, la entrevista, las encuestas y la observación que permitieron sistematizar los criterios científicos y su aplicabilidad.