bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of high altitude adaptation in Tibeto‐Burman tribes of the Darjeeling Hill Region
Authors: De Saptaparni , Rai Divya , Tamang Shishir , Sherpa Rinchen Doma , Subba Soni , Lepcha Dup Tshering , Govindaraj Periyasamy , Thangaraj Kumarasamy , Chaubey Gyaneshwer , Tamang Rakesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe long‐term isolation, endogamy practices, and environmental adaptations have shaped the enormous human diversity in India. The genetic and morphological variations in mainland Indians are well studied. However, the data on the Indian Himalayan populations are scattered. Thus, the present study attempts to understand variations in the selected parameter among four Tibeto‐Burman speaking ethnic tribal populations from the Darjeeling Hill Region (DHR) in the Eastern Himalaya Biodiversity Hotspot region of India.MethodsA total of 178 healthy male individuals (Lepcha 98, Sherpa 31, Bhutia 27, and Tibetans 22) living at an altitudinal range of 1467–2258 m above the sea level were studied for the 10 parameters namely, weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) systolic and diastolic pressure (mm of Hg), pulse rate (per minute), saturation of peripheral oxygen (SPO2) (%), hemoglobin (g/dl), hematocrit (HCT) (%), and blood glucose (mg/dl). The data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and multiple linear regression methods.ResultsOur analysis revealed comparatively lower hemoglobin and HCT levels, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the Sherpas followed by the Tibetans. This may be reflecting the persistence of high‐altitude adaptation signatures even in lowlands. Interestingly, the Tibetans differed significantly from other populations in terms of their higher body weight, height, and BMI.ConclusionThus, our study showed the persistence of high altitude signatures in Tibetans and Sherpa inhabited the DHR. Additionally, we also observed significant differences in the anthropometric and physiological parameters among the Tibeto‐Burman populations of the DHR.
Aufdeckung des Entstehungsmechanismus und Optimierung der Synthesebedingungen von geschichteten Doppelhydroxiden für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion
Authors: Chen Zongkun , Wang Xingkun , Han Zhongkang , Zhang Siyuan , Pollastri Simone , Fan Qiqi , Qu Zhengyao , Sarker Debalaya , Scheu Christina , Huang Minghua , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGeschichtete Doppelhydroxide (LDHs), deren Bildung stark von der OH‐Konzentration abhängt, haben in verschiedenen Bereichen großes Interesse geweckt. Die Auswirkung der Echtzeit‐Änderung der OH− Konzentration auf die Bildung von LDHs wurde jedoch noch nicht vollständig erforscht, da die bestehenden Synthesemethoden für die in situ Charakterisierung nicht geeignet sind. Hier bietet die gezielt entwickelte Kombination aus NH3‐Gasdiffusion und in situ pH‐Messung eine Lösung für das oben genannte Problem. Die so erhaltenen Ergebnisse deckten den Bildungsmechanismus auf und führten dazu, dass wir eine Bibliothek von LDHs mit den gewünschten Eigenschaften in Wasser bei Raumtemperatur ohne jegliche Additive synthetisieren konnten. Nach der Bewertung ihrer Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktionsleistung stellten wir fest, dass FeNi‐LDH mit einem Fe/Ni‐Verhältnis von 25/75 eine der besten, der bisher berichteten, Leistungen aufweist.
Synthesis of selenophene‐based chalcone analogs and assessment of their biological activity as anticancer agents
Authors: Chen Ya‐Chen , Li Cai‐Wei , Chen Jih‐Jung , Shih Tzenge‐Lien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSelenium is an essential micronutrient that is beneficial to human health. Selenium‐containing drugs have been developed as antioxidants, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer agents. However, the synthesis of selenium‐containing chalcones has not been fully explored. Therefore, we report the synthesis of novel selenophene‐based chalcone analogs and reveal their biological activities as anticancer agents. Among the seven synthesized molecules, compounds 6, 8, and 10 exhibited anticancer activity with IC50 values of 19.98 ± 3.38, 38.23 ± 3.30, and 46.95 ± 5.68 μM, respectively, against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT‐29) cells. Clonogenic assays and Western blot analysis tests further confirmed that compound 6 effectively induced apoptosis in HT‐29 cells through mitochondrial‐ and caspase‐3‐dependent pathways.
Coumaryl‐sulfonamide moiety: Unraveling their synthetic strategy and specificity toward hCA IX/XII, facilitating anticancer drug development
Authors: Mahapatra Monalisa , Mekap Suman K. , Mal Suvadeep , Sahoo Jyotirmaya , Sahoo Sanjeeb K. , Paidesetty Sudhir K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrently, cancer is the most grieving threat to society. The cancer‐related death rate has had an ascending trend, despite the implementation of numerous treatment strategies or the discovery of an array of potent molecules against several pathways of cancer growth. The need of the hour is to prevent the multidrug resistance toll, and the current efforts have been bestowed upon a versatile small molecule scaffold, coumarin (benz[α]pyrone), a natural compound possessing interesting affinity toward the cancer target human carbonic anhydrase (hCA), focusing on hCA I, II, IX, and XII. Along with coumarin, the age‐old known antibacterial drug sulfonamide, when conjugated at positions 3, 7, and 8 of coumarin either with a linker group or as a single entity, has been reported to enhance the affinity of coumarin toward the overexpressed enzymes in tumor cell lines. The sulfonamides have been listed as obsolete drugs due to the severe side effects caused by them; however, their affinity toward the hCA‐zinc–binding core has attracted the attention of researchers. Hence, in the process of drug development, coumarin and sulfonamides have remained the choice of last resort. To unveil the synthetic strategy of coumarin‐sulfonamide conjugation, their rationale for inhibiting cancer cells/enzymes, and their affinity toward various types of carcinoma have been the sole goal of the researchers. This review specifically focuses on the mechanism of action and the structure–activity relationship through synthetic strategies and the binding affinity of coumaryl‐sulfonamide conjugates with the anticancer targets possessing the highest enzyme affinity, since 2008.
Effect of add‐on melatonin on seizure outcomes and quality of sleep in epilepsy with idiopathic generalized tonic‐clonic seizures alone in adult patients: Cross‐sectional, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Maghbooli Mehdi , Alyan NajafAbadi Somayeh , MalekMahmoudi Ghazal , Molseghi Mohammad Hadi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEffective treatment of epilepsy is a major challenge in the field of neurology. Studies have suggested that melatonin can work in epilepsy with a good safety profile.ObjectivesThis study was performed to determine the effectiveness of melatonin in seizure outcomes, as well as the quality of sleep in patients with generalized epilepsy.MethodsIn this cross‐over clinical trial study, 60 patients with epilepsy with idiopathic generalized tonic‐clonic seizures alone (EGTCS) and under valproic acid treatment received either melatonin or placebo with a washout period of 2 weeks intermittently. Outcome variables included a reduction in the severity and frequency of epilepsy besides improvement in electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and sleep quality.ResultsBy adding melatonin, a decrease in the mean severity score of epilepsy (according to the Chalfont questionnaire) was 32.33 ± 9.24, while it was 5.58 ± 14.28 in treatment with placebo (p = .002). Evaluation of the number of attacks and EEG results did not disclose any therapeutic efficacy in treatment with melatonin versus placebo. The quality of sleep improved in 40% (first round) and 53.4% (second round) of subjects who received melatonin (p < .001).ConclusionsConsidering that the addition of melatonin to routine anti‐seizure treatment was effective in reducing the severity of epilepsy and improving sleep quality, it seems that melatonin can be useful as an adjunct therapy for EGTCS in well‐defined circumstances.
Injectable sustained‐release poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres of exenatide prepared by supercritical fluid extraction of emulsion process based on a design of experiment approach
Authors: Park Heejun , Ha Eun‐Sol , Kim Jeong‐Soo , Kim Min‐Soo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to develop an improved sustained‐release (SR) PLGA microsphere of exenatide using supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions (SFEE). As a translational research, we investigated the effect of various process parameters on the fabrication of exenatide‐loaded PLGA microspheres by SFEE (ELPM_SFEE) using the Box–Behnken design (BBD), a design of experiment approach. Further, ELPM obtained under optimized conditions and satisfying all the response criteria were compared with PLGA microspheres prepared using the conventional solvent evaporation (ELPM_SE) method through various solid‐state characterizations and in vitro and in vivo evaluations. The four process parameters selected as independent variables were pressure (X1), temperature (X2), stirring rate (X3), and flow ratio (X4). The effects of these independent variables on five responses, namely the particle size, its distribution (SPAN value), encapsulation efficiency (EE), initial drug burst release (IBR), and residual organic solvent, were evaluated using BBD. Based on the experimental results, a desirable range of combinations of various variables in the SFEE process was determined by graphical optimization. Solid‐state characterization and in vitro evaluation revealed that ELPM_SFEE improved properties, including a smaller particle size and SPAN value, higher EE, lower IBR, and lower residual solvent. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study results indicated better in vivo efficacy with desirable SR properties, including a reduction in blood glucose levels, weight gain, and food intake, for ELPM_SFEE than those generated using SE. Therefore, the potential drawback of conventional technologies such as the SE for the preparation of injectable SR PLGA microspheres could be improved by optimizing the SFEE process.
Hierarchical Porous Doped Carbon Plates Derived from Chitosan Aerogel as Cathode for High Performance Zn‐ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Lihua , Jia Dedong , Yue Lijun , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Jingquan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractZn‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs), combined with features of rechargeable batteries and double‐layer supercapacitors, are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices due to their high energy and power density. However, there are still many challenges in developing ideal carbon cathode to match the high capacity of Zn anode. In this work, an activated carbon aerogel (ACA) with hierarchical porous structure is successfully prepared via freeze‐drying, carbonization and KOH activation process. Thanks to the high accessible specific surface area, rational pore size distribution and N, O co‐doping, the as‐assembled ZHC based on the optimal sample exhibits high capacity of 299.5 F g−1 (133.1 mAh g−1) at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate capability of 57.6 % capacity retention even at 20‐fold higher current, together with good cycling stability (86.3 % capacity retention after 10000 cycles at 2 A g−1). More gratifyingly, it also displays impressive energy density of 106.5 Wh kg−1, satisfactory power density of 3108 W kg−1, and promising potential for practical applications. Based on our results, the ACA could be one of the promising candidates for carbon cathodes for ZHCs.
The Influence of Loadings and Substrates on the Performance of Nickel‐Based Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jiang Wulyu , Lehnert Werner , Shviro Meital 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEfficient and durable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of great importance for energy storage and conversion devices. However, an objective evaluation and fair comparison of different catalysts remain challenging due to the different catalyst loadings and substrates for OER measurements. In this work, we investigated NiFe layer double hydroxide and commercial Ni/NiO catalysts with different loadings and substrates of glassy carbon (GC), porous nickel foam (NF), and carbon paper (CP). The activity, cycling stability, and potentiostatic stability of the catalysts are compared with respect to the loading and substrate. Catalyst loading exhibits a volcano trend with OER activity, while it has little impact on stability. The 3D substrates NF and CP significantly improved the OER activity of the catalysts compared to GC, especially at higher loadings. The consistent degradation trend of the catalysts confirms the validity of using NF or CP as substrates for the stability test.
Ternary PtCoMo Alloy with Dual Surface Co and Mo Defects for Synergistically Enhanced Acidic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Gao Shaojie , Li Ping , Shi Yao , He Yi , Lei Lecheng , Hao Shaoyun , Zhang Xingwang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered as the most promising energy conversion technology, which is hampered by the unsatisfied activity and high loading of Pt. The performance of Pt‐based catalyst toward PEMFC depends on the surface bond length of Pt−Pt, which is closely related to the surface defect engineering. Here we firstly present a ternary alloy PtCoMo nanocatalyst with dual surface Co and Mo vacancy defects (VCo−Mo−PtCoMo) that compressed the Pt−Pt bonds, thus exhibiting an outstanding activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a mass activity of 0.57 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V (RHE, reversible hydrogen electrode), which is 5.2 times higher as compared with commercial Pt/C (20 wt %) in 0.1 M HClO4. The characterizations and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Pt−Pt bonds are significantly compressed through the dual surface defects, thus weakening the binding energy and effectively enhancing the acidic ORR performance.
Tuning Intermolecular Singlet Fission Efficiencies of Perylenediimide Derivatives through Bay Aromatic Substitution†
Authors: Sun Chun‐Lin , Wang Xiao‐Zhen , Tian Hu‐Hu , Song Qi‐Wei , Zhang Bo‐Yang , Fei Xian , Zhang Cheng , Ma Jian‐Rong , Ye Juan , Zhang Hao‐Li 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummarySinglet fission (SF) has potential applications in high‐efficiency photo‐energy harvesting applications, but its practical application is hindered by the limited number of materials. In this work, we explored the bay aromatic substitution strategy for the design of new perylenediimide (PDI) based SF materials. A series of PDI derivatives with biphenyl or naphthalene units substituted at the bay positions were designed and synthesized to investigate the effects of aromatic substitutes on their photodynamic behaviours. The bay substitutions do not shift the energy level of the PDI core significantly but give rise to different intermolecular coupling strengths in the thin films and affect the intermolecular SF efficiency. Femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) spectroscopy reveals that appropriate spacing configuration from the bay aromatic substitution groups enhances the SF yields by promoting the interaction of neighbouring PDI cores. Triplet exciton yields of up to 183% have been obtained from these new PDI derivatives, making them potential candidates in future SF‐based optoelectronics.
Architecture of the inferior parietal cortex in capuchin monkey
Authors: Bonfim Vânio , Mayer Andrei , Nascimento‐Silva Márcio L. , Lima Bruss , Soares Juliana G. M. , Gattass Ricardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe studied the organization of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC) in five capuchin monkey (6 hemispheres) using cytoarchitectonic (Nissl), myeloarchitectonic (Gallyas), and immune‐architectonic (SMI‐32 monoclonal antibody) techniques. We partitioned the IPC into five distinct areas: PFG, PG, Opt, PFop, and PGop. Since we used parasagittal sections, we were not able to study area PF due to its far lateral position, which yielded slices that were tangential to the pial surface. Areas PFG, PG, and Opt were in the convexity close to the lateral sulcus, while PFop and PGop were positioned more posteriorly, in the opercular region of IPC. Of all the five regions, area Opt was the one most similar to its analogue in the macaque, especially as revealed with SMI‐32 staining. Namely, in both primate species area Opt showed a low density of large pyramidal neurons. Additionally, the apical dendrites of these neurons were sparse and vertically orientated, resembling columns. We also found area PG to be similar: both species exhibited cell body layers with a radial arrangement. On the other hand, Nissl staining revealed area PFG to be architectonically different between New and Old‐World monkeys: PFG in the capuchin showed a comparatively higher cell density than in macaques, especially in layers II and IV. These results suggest that evolution may have enabled the functional specialization of these brain regions based on behavioral demands of upper limb use. The small differences in the IPC of the two primates may be linked to interspecies variability.
Dental implant surface morphology, chemical composition, and topography following double wavelength (2780/940 nm) laser irradiation. An in vitro study
Authors: Fahlstedt Peter , Wennerberg Ann , Bunæs Dagmar F. , Lie Stein A. , Leknes Knut N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate morphology alterations, chemical composition, and topography of moderately rough dental implants following double‐wavelength laser irradiation.Material and MethodsCommercial‐grade titanium dental implants representing different surface characteristics (Osseospeed [OS], TiUnite [TiU], and Roxolid SLActive [RS]) were used. Laser irradiation was performed using a computer‐controlled robotic device with calibrated energy/power settings and deionized water spray. Micro‐, nano‐morphology surface alterations, chemical composition, and surface topography (Sa, Sds, Sdr) in the test group (laser plus water), control group A (water only), and control group B (no treatment) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), and white light laser profilometer (Interferometry).ResultsSEM‐evaluation revealed minor between‐group differences in micro‐ and nano‐morphology within each implant system. Significant overall differences in surface element content were observed between the test and control group B for all implant systems (p < .05). For the test compared with control group B, statistically significantly higher oxygen content was detected for OS and RS (p < .05), a corresponding significant difference was detected for carbon for TiU (p < .05). For RS, a significantly lower content of titanium and zirconium was detected within the test group (p < .05). A significant difference in topography between test and control group B was observed for OS (Sa: p = .039 and Sdr: p = .041) with the highest roughness value for control group B.ConclusionsAltered chemical composition and surface topography were observed for all implant surfaces compared with untreated control following double wavelength laser irradiation. A clinical evaluation of the impact of the altered surface composition following double wavelength laser irradiation on the ability to reosseointegrate appears warranted.
Multiplex immunofluorescence and single‐cell transcriptomic profiling reveal the spatial cell interaction networks in the non‐small cell lung cancer microenvironment
Authors: Peng Haoxin , Wu Xiangrong , Liu Shaopeng , He Miao , Xie Chao , Zhong Ran , Liu Jun , Tang Chenshuo , Li Caichen , Xiong Shan , Zheng Hongbo , He Jianxing , Lu Xu , Liang Wenhua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundConventional immunohistochemistry technologies were limited by the inability to simultaneously detect multiple markers and the lack of identifying spatial relationships among cells, hindering understanding of the biological processes in cancer immunology.MethodsTissue slices of primary tumours from 553 IA∼IIIB non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases were stained by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) assay for 10 markers, including CD4, CD38, CD20, FOXP3, CD66b, CD8, CD68, PD‐L1, CD133 and CD163, evaluating the amounts of 26 phenotypes of cells in tumour nest and tumour stroma. StarDist depth learning model was utilised to determine the spatial location of cells based on mIF graphs. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on four primary NSCLC cases was conducted to investigate the putative cell interaction networks.ResultsSpatial proximity among CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD38+ T cells (r2 = 0.41) was observed, whereas the distribution of regulatory T cells was associated with decreased infiltration levels of CD20+ B cells and CD38+ T cells (r2 = −0.45). Univariate Cox analyses identified closer proximity between CD8+ T cells predicted longer disease‐free survival (DFS). In contrast, closer proximity between CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs), longer distances between CD4+ T cells and CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells and neutrophils, and CD20+ B cells and neutrophils were correlated with dismal DFS. Data from scRNA‐seq further showed that spatially adjacent N1‐like neutrophils could boost the proliferation and activation of T and B lymphocytes, whereas spatially neighbouring M2‐like macrophages showed negative effects. An immune‐related risk score (IRRS) system aggregating robust quantitative and spatial prognosticators showed that high‐IRRS patients had significantly worse DFS than low‐IRRS ones (HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.87–3.94, p < .001).ConclusionsWe developed a framework to analyse the cell interaction networks in tumour microenvironment, revealing the spatial architecture and intricate interplays between immune and tumour cells.
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in critical‐care patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Martí‐Chillón Gerardo‐Javier , Muntión Sandra , Preciado Silvia , Osugui Lika , Navarro‐Bailón Almudena , González‐Robledo Javier , Sagredo Víctor , Blanco Juan F. , Sánchez‐Guijo Fermín 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite notable advances in the support and treatment of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), the management of those who develop a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) still constitutes an unmet medical need.Main bodyBoth the initial injury (trauma, pancreatitis, infections) and the derived uncontrolled response promote a hyperinflammatory status that leads to systemic hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion and multiple organ failure. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a potential therapy for severe ICU patients due to their potent immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, regenerative and systemic homeostasis‐regulating properties. MSCs have demonstrated clinical benefits in several inflammatory‐based diseases, but their role in SIRS needs to be further explored.ConclusionIn the current review, after briefly overviewing SIRS physiopathology, we explore the potential mechanisms why MSC therapy could aid in the recovery of this condition and the pre‐clinical and early clinical evidence generated to date.
Design, Synthesis, and Biomedical Applications of Glycotripods for Targeting Trimeric Lectins
Authors: Khatri Vinod , Parshad Badri , Prasad Ashok K. , Bhatia Sumati 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the last decades, various efforts have been made to synthesize optimal glycotripods for targeting trimeric glycoproteins like asialoglycoprotein receptor, hemagglutinin, and langerin. All these trimeric glycoproteins have sugar binding pockets which are highly selective for a particular carbohydrate ligand. Optimized glycotripods are high affinity binders and have been used for delivering drugs or even applied as drug candidates. The selection of the tripodal base scaffold together with the length and flexibility of the linker between the scaffold and sugar residue, as important design parameters are discussed in this review.