bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family firms' social responsibility: Exercise of family control versus family dynasty succession
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Tsung , Chen Hsiang‐Lan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFamily owners have common interests of preserving socioemotional wealth (SEW), but their strategic preferences vary with their prioritization of different SEW aspects. This study, based on the SEW perspective, examines the differing effects of exercise of family control (focused SEW) and family dynasty succession (broad SEW) and the moderating effect of family CEO on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of family firms. The results indicate that the effect of exercise of family control on CSR is negative, while the effect of family dynasty succession on CSR is positive. Additionally, when the firm's CEO is a family member, the negative effect of exercise of family control is weaker and the positive effect of family dynasty succession is stronger.
Regulating Intermediate Concentration to Synthesize Highly Crystalline g‐C3N4 under Spontaneous Ultrahigh Pressure
Authors: Xie Qidong , Wang Cong , Shen Wenting , Fu Yaqin , Si Yinsong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImproving polymerization and crystallization properties has become a key point to maximize the intrinsic photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), however, the critical roles of intermediates in the polymerization and crystallization process are not clear. Herein, highly crystalline g‐C3N4 is obtained by calcinating different amount of dicyandiamide in a closed environment. Ultrahigh atmospheric pressure up to 6.2 MPa can be spontaneously formed due to the produced gaseous intermediates. The best crystallization properties were achieved when 1.8 g of dicyandiamide was used. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate reaches 9241.3 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1, which is improved by about 12.5 times by comparison. The crystallization and hydrogen production activities cannot be enhanced only by adding an initial gas pressure meanwhile keeping the quality of dicyandiamide constant, confirming that the intermediate concentration determines the polymerization and hydrogen production performance of g‐C3N4. This study is important to improve the intrinsic photocatalytic performance of g‐C3N4 and the composites.
Long‐Time Instability of the Couette Flow in Low Gevrey Spaces
Authors: Deng Yu , Masmoudi Nader 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe prove the instability of the Couette flow if the disturbances is less smooth than the Gevrey space of class 2. This shows that this is the critical regularity for this problem since it was proved in [5] that stability and inviscid damping hold for disturbances which are smoother than the Gevrey space of class 2. A big novelty is that this critical space is due to an instability mechanism which is completely nonlinear and is due to some energy cascade. © 2023 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Validation of the Fear and Avoidance of Memory Loss scale in community‐based older adults
Authors: Farina Francesca R. , Pavithra Pavithra , An Hosanna , Marquez Melissa , O'Loughlin Patricia , Regan John , Taddeo Michelle , Bennett Marc , Lenaert Bert , Griffith James W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are among the most feared conditions. However, research around ADRD‐specific fear and avoidance behaviors is lacking. Here, we validated a novel measure of fear and avoidance specific to memory loss, the Fear and Avoidance of Memory Loss (FAM) scale, and examined associations between fear avoidance and psychosocial functioning in older adults.MethodsWe assessed FAM Scale internal reliability and concurrent validity, and candidate subscales across two samples (total N = 813). We then examined associations between fear avoidance and memory performance, anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep, social functioning, and quality of life.ResultsWe identified two subscales: fear and avoidance, which yielded strong psychometric validity. Higher fear was associated with memory failures and sleep disturbance. Higher avoidance was associated with memory failures, poorer verbal memory, reduced social functioning, and quality of life.DiscussionWe present the first measure of fear avoidance specific to memory loss. We propose that targeting fear avoidance can promote ADRD risk reduction and resiliency.
Ten‐m4 plays a unique role in the establishment of binocular visual circuits
Authors: Young Timothy R. , Black Dylan , Mansuri Hannan , Oohashi Toshitaka , Zhou Xiao‐Hong , Sawatari Atomu , Leamey Catherine A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe patterning of binocular vision requires distinct molecular pathways for inputs arising from each side of the nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated important roles for members of the Ten‐m/Odz/teneurin family in the development of ipsilateral retinal projections. Here, we further highlight the significance of this gene family in visual development by identifying a role for Ten‐m4 during the formation of the ipsilateral projection in the mouse. Ten‐m4 was found to be expressed in the retina, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), superior colliculus (SC), and primary visual cortex (V1) during development. Anterograde and retrograde tracing experiments in Ten‐m4 knockout (KO) mice revealed a specific increase in ipsilateral retinal ganglion cells projecting to dLGN and SC. This increase was most prominent in regions corresponding to temporal retina. Consistent with this, EphB1 expression in the retina around the time of decussation was enhanced in this temporal region for KO mice, suggesting that the increased size of the ipsilateral population arises due to an increased number of retinal ganglion cells remaining ipsilaterally at the optic chiasm due to EphB1‐mediated repulsion. The ectopic ipsilaterally targeted retinal ganglion cell projection observed in Ten‐m4 KOs was associated with changes in response to ethologically relevant visual stimuli. Together, these data demonstrate a requirement for Ten‐m4 in the establishment of ipsilateral projections from the retina, which likely acts in combination with other Ten‐m members (Ten‐m2 and Ten‐m3) to promote the formation of functional binocular circuits.
Quantifying uncertainty in coastal salinity regime for biological application using quantile regression
Authors: Yurek Simeon , Allen Micheal , Eaton Mitchell J. , Chagaris David , Reaver Nathan , Martin Julien , Frederick Peter , Dehaven Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSalinity regimes in coastal ecosystems are highly dynamic and driven by complex geomorphic and hydrological processes. Estuarine biota are generally adapted to salinity fluctuation, but are vulnerable to salinity extremes. Characterizing coastal salinity regime for ecological studies therefore requires representing extremes of salinity ranges at time scales relevant to ecology (e.g., daily, monthly, and seasonally). Here, we propose a framework for modeling coastal salinity with these overall goals: (1) quantify uncertainty in salinity associated with important terrestrial and oceanographic drivers, (2) examine time scales of salinity response to river streamflow events, and (3) predict salinity continuously over space at key time scales. Salinity is modeled as quantile surfaces related to river discharge, tidal dynamics, wind, and spatial location, applied to Suwannee Sound estuary, FL, USA, where salinity has been monitored spatially since 1981. Each quantile level is regressed independently, and together they comprise a distribution of salinity uncertainty across space, with upper and lower quantiles describing salinity extremes. Effects of physical drivers on salinity are compared through four base models with various combinations of tide and wind variables, each including spatial coordinates and a single streamflow metric (in cubic meters per second). Multiple time scales of streamflow are considered by taking means across various periods, from 1 to 12 days, and at various lagged intervals prior to salinity sample, totaling 144 streamflow metrics. We found that the Suwannee coastal salinity regime is dynamic at multiple time scales and varies nonlinearly across space from the river effluence outward. Salinity increases nonlinearly with decreasing river flow rates below 200 m3/s, most prominently in the lower quantiles of salinity (τ = 0.05–0.25). Wind appears to have a stronger influence on salinity than astronomic tides for this estuary. The regression approach developed here can be applied to any coastal system that has sufficient spatial and temporal monitoring coverage to capture multiple flood and drought events. It is implemented with a simpleRroutine, and is less computationally‐intensive than finite difference hydrodynamic modeling. The characterizations of salinity uncertainty developed in these analyses can be directly applied to future studies of fish and wildlife responses to changes in watershed management.
Confronting population models with experimental microcosm data: from trajectory matching to state‐space models
Authors: Rosenbaum Benjamin , Fronhofer Emanuel A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPopulation and community ecology traditionally has a very strong theoretical foundation with well‐known dynamical models, such as the logistic and its variations, and many modifications of the classical Lotka–Volterra predator–prey and interspecific competition models. More and more, these classical models are being confronted with data via fitting to empirical time series for purposes of projections or for estimating model parameters of interest. However, using statistical models to fit theoretical models to data is far from trivial, especially for time series data where subsequent measurements are not independent. This raises the question of whether statistical inferences using pure observation error models, such as simple (non‐)linear regressions, are biased, and whether more elaborate process error models or state‐space models have to be used to address this complexity. In order to help empiricists, especially researchers working with experimental laboratory populations in micro‐ and mesocosms, make informed decisions about the statistical formalism to use, we here compare different error structures one could use when fitting classical deterministic ordinary differential equation (ODE) models to empirical data. We consider a large range of biological scenarios and theoretical models, from single species to community dynamics and trophic interactions. In order to compare the performance of different error structure models, we use both realistically simulated data and empirical data from microcosms in a Bayesian framework. We find that many model parameters can be estimated precisely with an appropriate choice of error structure using pure observation error or state‐space models, if observation errors are not too high. However, Allee effect models are typically hard to identify and state‐space models should be preferred when model complexity increases. Our work shows that, at least in the context of low environmental stochasticity and high quality observations, deterministic models can be used to describe stochastic population dynamics that include process variability and observation error. We discuss when more complex state‐space model formulations may be required for obtaining accurate parameter estimates. Finally, we provide a comprehensive tutorial for fitting these models in R.
Refusal of Representation in Advance Care Planning: A Case‐Inspired Ethical Analysis
Authors: Peters Andrew T. , Hauser Joshua M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnrepresented patients—people without capacity to make medical decisions who also lack a surrogate decision‐maker—form a large and vulnerable population within the United States health care system. The burden of unrepresentedness has rightly prompted widespread calls for more and better advance care planning, in which still‐healthy patients are encouraged to designate a surrogate decision‐maker and thus avoid the risk of becoming unrepresented. However, we observe that some patients, even with available social contacts and access to adequate advance care planning services, simply decline to name a surrogate decision‐maker. We propose a novel concept of “informed refusal of representation” (“IRR”) to characterize the position held by some such patients, who are often overlooked in prior work on unrepresentedness. We then discuss physicians’ ethical obligations in the face of such a refusal and avenues by which physicians can support patients without surrogates in receiving goal‐concordant care.
Legal Discrepancies and Expectations of Women: Abortion, Fetal Therapy, and NICU Care
Authors: Scheinerman Naomi , Callahan K. P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past several decades in which access to abortion has become increasingly restricted, parents' autonomy in medical decision‐making in the realms of fetal care and neonatal intensive care has expanded. Today, parents can decide against invasive medical interventions at gestational ages where abortions are forbidden, even in cases where neonates are expected to be seriously ill. Although a declared state interest in protecting the lives of fetuses and newborns contributes to justifications for restricting women's autonomy with regards to abortion, it does not fully explain this discrepancy. We believe that social portrayals of women as complying with or shirking their reproductive function play a major role in explaining it. The growing divide between a woman's rights as a reproductive being and as a parent suggest that abortion restriction is rooted in a historical societal desire for women to serve as reproducers and in the corresponding fear of them abandoning this allotted role in pursuit of social equality. The Dobbs v. Jackson (2022) decision is not based in a view of abortion as a medical act occurring between a doctor and patient, as Roe v. Wade (1973) did, but decision‐making about fetal therapy or NICU care is still viewed as occurring between a doctor and patient or surrogate because in this act a woman is seen as fulfilling her role as mother.
Numerical analysis of phase‐change heat transfer in axisymmetric biological tissue during nano‐cryosurgery
Authors: Kumar Sumit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current work is concerned with the numerical investigation of phase‐change heat transfer in a cylindrical‐shaped biological tissue during nano‐cryosurgery. So, the two‐dimensional axisymmetric biological tissue with a single cryoprobe is considered to understand the freezing process inside it during nano‐cryosurgery. This problem has been numerically simulated using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2. The results obtained are verified with the data available in the literature, and good agreement was found between them. After that, the grid‐independent study is carried out to select the optimum element size. Then, the effect of various parameters, such as the radius and insertion depth of the cryoprobe and internal heat source, on the temperature distribution inside the biological tissue is studied. The effect of different nanoparticles, such as Au, Fe3O4, and MgO, on the temperature field are investigated, and it was found that the MgO nanoparticles reach the threshold temperature limit early and reduce cryoinjury to the surrounding healthy tissue. This study may help understand the freezing process inside the biological tissue during nano‐cryosurgery.
The conditional impact of market conditions, volatility and liquidity shocks on the arbitrage opportunities during pre‐COVID and COVID periods
Authors: Lakshmi VDMV , Sisodia Garima , Joseph Anto , Tiwari Aviral Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study examines the effects of market conditions, volatility and liquidity shocks on the arbitrage profits during pre‐COVID and COVID periods. The study uses a conditional quantile regression and finds no significant difference in the impact of market conditions on the arbitrage profits during pre‐COVID and COVID crisis periods. The increase in volatility combined with low liquidity during the COVID period makes arbitrage non‐viable. However, the decline in volatility during the COVID period encourages investors to initiate arbitrage. The results are useful to fund managers and market analysts to develop suitable trading strategies and stock market regulators to take necessary steps to improve price discovery mechanisms and market efficiency.
Concurrent schedules of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior in the treatment of problem behavior without extinction
Authors: Fleck Chelsea R. , Bourret Jason C. , Jehle Emma R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDifferential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) without extinction is an effective intervention for reducing problem behavior maintained by socially mediated reinforcement, particularly when implementing dense schedules of reinforcement for appropriate behavior. Thinning schedules of reinforcement for an alternative response may result in resurgence of problem behavior. Resurgence may be of particular concern in the treatment of problem behavior without extinction because problem behavior that resurges is also likely to encounter reinforcement and thus can be expected to maintain. In the present investigation, we compared the effectiveness of single and concurrent DRA schedules in decreasing the probability of resurgence when problem behavior continues to produce reinforcement throughout all phases of the evaluation. Concurrent DRA schedules reduced or eliminated the likelihood of resurgence compared with a single DRA schedule during a treatment challenge.
Proxalutamide for the treatment of COVID‐19 rebound following Paxlovid treatment: Report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Yang Da‐Wei , Ju Min‐Jie , Wang Hao , Jia Yi‐Chen , Wang Xiao‐Dan , Fang Hao , Fan Jia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe pandemic the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has created a global health crisis. Although Paxlovid is recommended for the early‐stage treatment of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 in patients at increased risk of progression to severe COVID‐19, more and more cases are reported a COVID‐19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment. Currently, information on the additional treatment for COVID‐19 rebound following Paxlovid treatment is limited.Case ReportHere, we present four cases with COVID‐19 who were mild on admission. All cases experienced a COVID‐19 rebound and progressed to severe COVID‐19, following treatment with Paxlovid (300 mg of nirmatrelvir with 100 mg ritonavir, twice daily for 5 days). After being treated with proxalutamide (300 mg/day), all cases finally turned real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) negative.ConclusionOur cases suggested that proxalutamide might be an effective remedial treatment option for patients experiencing a COVID‐19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment.
Chalcones bearing nitrogen‐containing heterocyclics as multi‐targeted inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies
Authors: Sıcak Yusuf , Kekeçmuhammed Hüseyin , Karaküçük‐İyidoğan Ayşegül , Taşkın‐Tok Tuğba , Oruç‐Emre Emine Elçin , Öztürk Mehmet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, a series of chalcones (1a–d, 2a–d, 3a–d, 4a–d, and 5a–d) were designed and synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation. Also, their chemical structures were elucidated using UV–Vis, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS spectral data, and elemental analyses. Subsequently, the anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease inhibitory activities and antioxidant activities of all chalcones were evaluated. The inhibitory potential of all chalcones in terms of IC50 value was observed to range from 7.18 ± 0.43 to 29.62 ± 0.30 μM against BChE by comparing with Galantamine (IC50 46.06 ± 0.10 μM) as a reference drug. Also, compounds 2c, 3c, 4c, 4b, and 4d exhibited high anticholinesterase activity against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity results revealed that three compounds (IC50 1.75 ± 0.83 μM for 2b, IC50 2.24 ± 0.11 μM for 3b, and IC50 1.90 ± 0.64 μM for 4b) displayed good inhibitory activity against tyrosinase compared with kojic acid (IC50 0.64 ± 0.12 μM). In addition, other different three chalcones (IC50 22.34 ± 0.25 μM for 2c, IC50 20.98 ± 0.08 μM for 3c, and IC50 18.26 ± 0.13 μM for 4c) showed excellent inhibitory activity against the urease by comparing with thiourea (IC50 23.08 ± 0.19 μM). Compounds 3c and 4c showed the best potency in all antioxidant activity tests. In light of these findings, the structure–activity relationship for compounds was also described. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies, including molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and pharmacophore analyses of compounds, gave important information about the interactions and drug‐likeness properties. As a result, all chalcones exhibited suitable ADMET findings, predicting good oral bioavailability.
Drug repositioning to discover novel ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Sheikh Sabahat Yasmeen , Ansari Waseem Ahmad , Hassan Firoj , Faruqui Tabrez , Khan Mohammad Faheem , Akhter Yusuf , Khan Abdul Rahman , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. , Nasibullah Malik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused byLeishmania donovani(Ld), and most cases occur in Brazil, East Africa, and India. The treatment for VL is limited and has many adverse effects. The development of safer and more efficacious drugs is urgently needed. Drug repurposing is one of the best processes to repurpose existing drugs. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is an important target againstL. donovaniin the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. In this study, we have modeled the 3D structure of ODC and performed high‐throughput virtual screening of 8630 ZINC database ligands againstLeishmania donovaniornithine decarboxylase (LdODC), selecting 45 ligands based on their high binding score. It is further validated through molecular docking simulation and the selection of the top two lead molecules (ceftaroline fosamil and rimegepant) for Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, Density functional theory (DFT), and molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MMGBSA) analysis. The results showed that the binding affinities of ceftaroline fosamil, and rimegepant are, respectively, −10.719 and 10.159 kcal/mol. The docking complexes of the two lead compounds, ceftaroline fosamil, and rimegepant, with the target ODC, were found stable during molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the analysis of MMGBSA revealed that these compounds had a high binding free energy. The DFT analysis showed that the top lead molecules were more reactive than the standard drug (pentamidine).In‐silicofindings demonstrated that ceftaroline fosamil, and rimegepant might be recognized as potent antagonists against ODC for the treatment of VL.