bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Powerpoint Multimedia in Learning Motivation and Cognitive Science Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students
Authors: Serly Serly , Rusli Rusli , Anam Rifat Shafwatul 
Published: May 2023

This study focuses to the analyze effectiveness of using multimedia powerpoint in learning science for elementary school students. The purposes of this study are to knowing the effectiveness of Multimedia Powerpoint as a learning media on the motivation and science learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students. With quantitative approach and Pre-Experimental Design One Group Pretest-Posttest Design model. The population in this study were all fifth grade students at SD Gugus Salubarani for the academic year 2022/2023 with a total of 93 students. To get sample used cluster random sampling type with which was carried out through class randomization and obtained class V SDN 292 Inpres Karangan as the sample. Based on the results of statistical data analysis using a one sample t test with a 95% confidence level, the t value is 4.043 where the value is t¬table = 1.72074 (4.043 > 1.72074) so it can be concluded that H1 is accepted, the student's motivation is as expected, which is more than 36 or in general the motivation to learn science. The fifth grade elementary school students in the Salubarani group are in the medium category after learning using powerpoint media. In addition, based on the results of the calculation obtained a normalized gain value = 0.43972 which states that the increase in learning motivation of grade V elementary school students in the Salubarani cluster is in the medium category.Based on the results of hypothesis testing with a test value of 75 and a 95% confidence level, the value of tcount = 3.699, which is more than the value of t¬table = 1.72074 (3.699>1.72074) this shows that the average science learning outcomes of Grade V elementary school students the salubarani group is more than or equal to 75 after being taught using Multimedia Powerpoint.
Multifunctional Dual-Band Energy Selective Surface Based on Two-Layer Diode-Loaded FSS
Authors: Zhong Shuomin , Chen Mingke , Xu Gaoming , Chen Yi 
Published: May 2023

<p>This article presents a multifunctional dual-band energy selective surface (ESS) based on a two-layer resonant circuit model with high-power microwave (HPM) protection ability for two bands. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) engineering multiple stopbands and passbands with combinations of parallel and serial resonators is proposed for dual-band design. By loading diodes in the resonator accordingly, the operating band can be switched from low insertion loss (IL) state to high shielding effectiveness (SE) state power-dependently. Additionally, the independence of two bands is greatly improved by utilizing two separate layers to mount the diodes, attributing to the enhanced difference of induced voltage between diodes in different layers resulting from shielding effect of top layer. Various functions in two-frequency co-incidence scenarios are analyzed, demonstrating the advantage of independent modulation. Based on the ECM, a two-layer ESS is designed. Two wide bands with IL<1dB under low-power incidence and SE>20dB under HPM are achieved, due to second-order resonance produced by double-layer configuration. The multiple nonlinear functions of the design are verified by field-circuit co-simulations. Several prototypes are measured, exhibiting 0.6&25.2 dB and 0.7&27.3 dB of IL&SE at two central operating frequencies for low-power and high-power incidences, respectively, with good agreement with the simulations. </p>
اختبار التعثر المالي لشركات الاستثمار باستعمال التحليل التمييزي (نموذجSherro ) دراسة تطبيقية في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية
Authors: الحسناوي سالم , صاحب نوفل 
Published: May 2023

تهدف الدراسة المعنونة "استعمال بعض الاساليب الكمية في التنبؤ بالتعثر المالي لقطاعي الشركات والاستثمار" الى تحديد اهم العوامل التي تؤدي الى التعثر المالي وتحديد الكيفية التي يمكن بها التنبؤ بالتعثر المالي فضلا عن اجراء مقارنة بين الاساليب الكمية والمتمثلة بأسلوب التحليل التميزي واسلوب الانحدار اللوجستي وذلك لمعرفة عمل كل نموذج في التنبؤ تحت تأثير الخصائص والصفات المختلفة للبيانات المستخدمة , و يتكون مجتمع وعينة الدراسة من كافة شركات الاستثمار المالي المستثمرة و المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية من (1/1/2005 ولغاية 31/12/2019 ) والبالغ عددها (4) شركات استثمارية, وخرج البحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات ومن اهمها بينت نتائج التحليل اللوجستي تطابقها مع الحالة الفعلية لكل الشركات الاستثمارية المدروسة و ان خطأ التنبؤ ورد ضمنا" اي أن خطأ النموذج في التنبؤ كان في سنوات الدراسة لبعض الشركات الاستثمارية ,اما اهم النتائج التي اظهرها اسلوب التحليل اللوجستي نقترح على الشركات الاستثمارية استعماله وتكييف شروط عمله بما يلائم عمل الشركات الاستثمارية في العراق .
اتجاهات الكتابة التأريخية لثورة الإمام الحسين "ع" عند المؤرخ والأديب والعالم
Authors: الصراف فاطمة 
Published: May 2023

1- نتيجة لتطور الكتابة التأريخية في القرن الرابع الهجري من حيث الأسلوب والمحتوى ونتيجة لوجود المادة الخصبة أصبح التأريخ وكتابته الشغل الشاعل والنشاط الثقافي الأساسي لبعض العلماء دون غيره من العلوم.
2- اعتبرت مصادر القرن الرابع الهجري مراجع لمعظم العلماء والمؤرخين الذين ساعدتهم هذه المصادر على ملء فراغات وفجوات الأحداث التأريخية لمؤرخي القرون الثلاثة الأولى، لذلك نرى أن مؤلفات القرن التي تلت الرابع حتى مطلع القرن السابع الهجري هي مؤلفات امتازت بالتقليد لا تجديد فيها.
3- لم يكن القرن الرابع الهجري مختلفاً عن القرون السابقة من حيث التأثير على المؤرخ، إلاّ أن ما اختلف فيه هو أن الاضطهاد المذهبي والاقصاء ضد الشيعة قد خف حتى تنفس علمائهم الصعداء فكثرت المؤلفات وعرض ما كان مخفياً بسبب السلطة.
4- لعب الجانب الاقتصادي دوراً مميزاً في إثراء الكتابة التأريخية والفقهية للشيعة في القرن الرابع الهجري بسبب تكدس الأموال لدى بعض رجال هذه الطائفة إذ اضطرت السلطة إلى استقطابهم وجعل منهم وزراء، وقد أدى ذلك إلى انعاش الكتابة ذات الميول العلوية من كلا الطرفين فالشيعي هو تواق في إيجاد مثل هذه الفرصة، أما غيره فإنه وجد ضالته في الكتابة بما يلائم ميول الشيعة ومن بينهم ممن هو في السلطة في قبال الحصول على المال والجاه ولعل خير دليل على ذلك الأصفهاني والتنوخي.
5- أثر الجانب السياسي في مركز الخلافة أثراً إيجابياً فنشأت مدارس سيما للشيعة في قم وبغداد وظهرت ملامح التنافس بين هاتين المدرستين، مدرسة قم الإخبارية والمدرسة الأصولية في بغداد وقد أدى هذا إلى وفرة النشاط العلمي بشكل ملحوظ.
6- جاءت اتجاهات بعض الفقهاء كردة فعل لما قام به بعض الخلفاء العباسيين في التعامل مع زيارة قبر الإمام الحسين (عليه السلام) من خلال اعتمادهم على بعض الروايات التي عمقت الجانب العقائدي للإمامية على الرغم من صعوبة الموقف الطائفي.
7- إن من بين أهم مميزات هذا القرن أن المؤرخ أو الفقيه قد أجيز له برواية الحديث والحصول على الإجازة من غير لقاء العالم وحتى دون كتابة إجازة له، فلا غريب أن رأينا مؤرخي القرن الرابع الهجري ينقل الحديث وكأنه قد تحدث مع راويه فمثلاً المسعودي يقول حدثنا الإمام جعفر الصادق (ت148هـ) وهو لم يره ولم يسمع منه مباشرة.
8- تحتل البيئة الركيزة الأولى والمؤثر الأول الذي يتأثر به المؤرخ بشكل خاص والأديب بشكل عام، لذلك تكون خطورة هذا التأثير على الكتابة التأريخية أكثر بكثير من غيره فضلاً عن تأثير الزمن وأقصد به الأطوار التأريخية التي تتعاصر وتتعاقب مكونة الأحداث العامة للتأريخ لذا نجدان كل من المؤرخ والأديب والعالم قد خضع لتلك المؤثرات وبدرجات متفاوتة.
Profitability, financial leverage, size, dan underpricing stock price
Authors: Saputra Wendy Salim , Yuliman Alfredo Brendis , Lesmana W Bella Cynthia 
Published: May 2023

his study aims to prove the relationship between profitability, financial leverage, and firm size on stock price underpricing in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX during the 2017-2019 period. This study uses a hypothesis test method to analyze the relationship between profitability, financial leverage, and firm size on stock price underpricing. This study uses 73 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX that carried out IPOs during the 2017 – 2019 period. This test was carried out using SPSS statistical software version 25. The results of this study are that profitability and company size variables influence underpricing stock prices, while leverage has no effect against underpricing of stock prices.

Public interest statement
The results of this research can practically be used as material for company considerations in managing a company before conducting an IPO, and it is hoped that this research can add to the accounting research literature in the field of financial accounting and management accounting.
The analysis of randomized response “ever” and “last year” questions: A non-saturated Multinomial model
Authors: Sayed Khadiga H. A. , Cruyff Maarten J. L. F. , van der Heijden Peter G. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRandomized response (RR) is a well-known interview technique designed to eliminate evasive response bias that arises from asking sensitive questions. The most frequently asked questions in RR are either whether respondents were “ever” carriers of the sensitive characteristic, or whether they were carriers in a recent period, for instance, “last year”. The present paper proposes a design in which both questions are asked, and derives a multinomial model for the joint analysis of these two questions. Compared to the separate analyses with the binomial model, the model makes a useful distinction between last year and former carriers of the sensitive characteristic, it is more efficient in estimating the prevalence of last year carriers, and it has a degree of freedom that allows for a goodness-of-fit test. Furthermore, it is easily extended to a multinomial logistic regression model to investigate the effects of covariates on the prevalence estimates. These benefits are illustrated in two studies on the use of anabolic androgenic steroids in the Netherlands, one using Kuk and one using both the Kuk and forced response. A salient result of our analyses is that the multinomial model provided ample evidence of response biases in the forced response condition.
The Infrared Colors of 51 Eridani b: Micrometeoroid Dust or Chemical Disequilibrium?
Authors: Madurowicz Alexander , Mukherjee Sagnick , Batalha Natasha , Macintosh Bruce , Marley Mark , Karalidi Theodora 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We reanalyze the near-infrared spectra of the young extrasolar giant planet 51 Eridani b, which was originally presented in Macintosh et al. and Rajan et al. using modern atmospheric models, including a self-consistent treatment of disequilibrium chemistry due to turbulent vertical mixing. In addition, we investigate the possibility that significant opacity from micrometeors or other impactors in the planet’s atmosphere may be responsible for shaping the observed spectral energy distribution (SED). We find that disequilibrium chemistry is useful for describing the mid-infrared colors of the planet’s spectra, especially in regard to photometric data at the M band around 4.5 μm, which is the result of superequilibrium abundances of carbon monoxide, while the micrometeors are unlikely to play a pivotal role in shaping the SED. The best-fitting, micrometeoroid dust–free, disequilibrium chemistry, patchy cloud model has the following parameters: effective temperature T
eff = 681 K with clouds (or without clouds, i.e., the grid temperature T
grid = 900 K), surface gravity g = 1000 m s−2, sedimentation efficiency f
sed = 10, vertical eddy diffusion coefficient K
zz = 103 cm2 s−1, cloud hole fraction f
hole = 0.2, and planet radius R
planet = 1.0 R
Jup.
The Magnificent Five Images of Supernova Refsdal: Time Delay and Magnification Measurements
Authors: Kelly Patrick L. , Rodney Steven , Treu Tommaso , Birrer Simon , Bonvin Vivien , Dessart Luc , Foley Ryan J. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Gilman Daniel , Jha Saurabh , Hjorth Jens , Mandel Kaisey , Millon Martin , Pierel Justin , Thorp Stephen , Zitrin Adi , Broadhurst Tom , Chen Wenlei , Diego Jose M. , Dressler Alan , Graur Or , Jauzac Mathilde , Malkan Matthew A. , McCully Curtis , Oguri Masamune , Postman Marc , Schmidt Kasper Borello , Sharon Keren , Tucker Brad E. , von der Linden Anja , Wambsganss Joachim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In late 2014, four images of supernova (SN) “Refsdal,” the first known example of a strongly lensed SN with multiple resolved images, were detected in the MACS J1149 galaxy-cluster field. Following the images’ discovery, the SN was predicted to reappear within hundreds of days at a new position ∼8″ away in the field. The observed reappearance in late 2015 makes it possible to carry out Refsdal’s original proposal to use a multiply imaged SN to measure the Hubble constant H
0, since the time delay between appearances should vary inversely with H
0. Moreover, the position, brightness, and timing of the reappearance enable a novel test of the blind predictions of galaxy-cluster models, which are typically constrained only by the positions of multiply imaged galaxies. We have developed a new photometry pipeline that uses DOLPHOT to measure the fluxes of the five images of SN Refsdal from difference images. We apply four separate techniques to perform a blind measurement of the relative time delays and magnification ratios between the last image SX and the earlier images S1–S4. We measure the relative time delay of SX–S1 to be

376.0

−
5.5

+
5.6

days and the relative magnification to be

0.30

−
0.3

+
0.5

. This corresponds to a 1.5% precision on the time delay and 17% precision for the magnification ratios and includes uncertainties due to millilensing and microlensing. In an accompanying paper, we place initial and blind constraints on the value of the Hubble constant.
Gas Accretion Can Drive Turbulence in Galaxies
Authors: Forbes John C. , Emami Razieh , Somerville Rachel S. , Genel Shy , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Burkhart Blakesley , Bryan Greg L. , Krumholz Mark R. , Hernquist Lars , Tonnesen Stephanie , Torrey Paul , Pandya Viraj , Hayward Christopher C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The driving of turbulence in galaxies is deeply connected with the physics of feedback, star formation, outflows, accretion, and radial transport in disks. The velocity dispersion of gas in galaxies therefore offers a promising observational window into these processes. However, the relative importance of each of these mechanisms remains controversial. In this work we revisit the possibility that turbulence on galactic scales is driven by the direct impact of accreting gaseous material on the disk. We measure this effect in a disk-like star-forming galaxy in IllustrisTNG, using the high-resolution cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation TNG50. We employ Lagrangian tracer particles with a high time cadence of only a few million years to identify accretion and other events. The energies of particles are measured by stacking the events in bins of time around the event. The average effect of each event is measured by fitting explicit models for the kinetic and turbulent energies as a function of time. These measurements are corroborated by cross-correlating the turbulent energy with other time series and searching for signals of causality, i.e., asymmetries across zero time lag. We find that accretion contributes to the large-scale turbulent kinetic energy even if it does not dominate in this ∼5 × 109
M
⊙ stellar mass galaxy. Extrapolating this finding to a range of galaxy masses, we find that there are regimes where energy from direct accretion may dominate the turbulent energy budget, particularly in disk outskirts, galaxies less massive than the Milky Way, and at redshift ∼2.
Evidence for a Massive Andromeda Galaxy Using Satellite Galaxy Proper Motions
Authors: Patel Ekta , Mandel Kaisey S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present new mass estimates for Andromeda (M31) using the orbital angular momenta of four satellite galaxies (M33, NGC 185, NGC 147, and IC 10) derived from existing proper motions, distances, and line-of-sight velocities. We infer two masses for M31:

M

vir

=

2.85

−
0.77

+
1.47

×

10

12

M

⊙

using satellite galaxy phase-space information derived with Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-based M31 proper motions and

M

vir

=

3.02

−
0.69

+
1.30

×

10

12

M

⊙

using phase-space information derived with the weighted average of HST+Gaia-based M31 proper motions. The precision of our new M31 mass estimates (23%–50%) improves by a factor of two compared to previous mass estimates using a similar methodology with just one satellite galaxy, and places our results among the highest-precision M31 estimates in recent literature. Furthermore, our results are consistent with recently revised estimates for the total mass of the Local Group (LG), with the stellar mass–halo mass relation, and with observed kinematic data for both M31 and its entire population of satellites. An M31 mass >2.5 × 1012
M
⊙ could have major implications for our understanding of LG dynamics, M31's merger and accretion history, and our understanding of LG galaxies in a cosmological context.
Toward Accurate Modeling of Galaxy Clustering on Small Scales: Halo Model Extensions and Lingering Tension
Authors: Beltz-Mohrmann Gillian D. , Szewciw Adam O. , Berlind Andreas A. , Sinha Manodeep 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper represents an effort to provide robust constraints on the galaxy–halo connection and simultaneously test the Planck ΛCDM cosmology using a fully numerical model of small-scale galaxy clustering. We explore two extensions to the standard Halo Occupation Distribution model: assembly bias, whereby halo occupation depends on both halo mass and the larger environment, and velocity bias, whereby galaxy velocities do not perfectly trace the velocity of the dark matter within the halo. Moreover, we incorporate halo mass corrections to account for the impact of baryonic physics on the halo population. We identify an optimal set of clustering measurements to constrain this “decorated” HOD model for both low- and high-luminosity galaxies in SDSS DR7. We find that, for low-luminosity galaxies, a model with both assembly bias and velocity bias provides the best fit to the clustering measurements, with no tension remaining in the fit. In this model, we find evidence for both central and satellite galaxy assembly bias at the 99% and 95% confidence levels, respectively. In addition, we find evidence for satellite galaxy velocity bias at the 99.9% confidence level. For high-luminosity galaxies, we find no evidence for either assembly bias or velocity bias, but our model exhibits significant tension with SDSS measurements. We find that all of these conclusions still stand when we include the effects of baryonic physics on the halo mass function, suggesting that the tension we find for high-luminosity galaxies may be due to a problem with our assumed cosmological model.
Third Epoch HST Imaging of a Nonradiative Shock in the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant
Authors: Sankrit Ravi , Blair William P. , Raymond John C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present new HST/WFC3 optical images of a region in the northeastern part of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, which includes a well-studied Balmer-line filament. These data represent the third epoch of HST Hα imaging and a second epoch of [O iii] λ5007 imaging of that particular filament. The Hα images were used to measure the proper motions at various locations along the shock front, and the values ranged from 55 to 85 mas yr−1 with a median value of 70 mas yr−1, which corresponds to a shock velocity of 240 km s−1. The proper motions between epochs 1 and 2 were the same as between epochs 2 and 3, implying that there has been no measurable deceleration of the shock in the 22 yr period between the first and third epochs. The range of proper motions (and therefore shock velocities) along the filament indicate variations of over a factor of two in the preshock density. The [O iii] emission is prominent toward one end of the filament where the shock has transitioned from nonradiative to radiative. The proper motion is smaller than for the Hα filaments, and it corresponds to a shock velocity of about 155 km s−1. The images obtained about 18 yr apart show that the [O iii] morphology has not changed, which places limits on any short-timescale variations due to catastrophic cooling or thermal instabilities. We find that the effective shock age is less than the eddy turnover timescale, which implies that turbulence has not yet influenced the dynamics of the shock.
Understanding the Chemical Evolution of Blue Edge-on Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
Authors: Cao Tian-wen , Wu Hong , Galaz Gaspar , Kalari Venu M. , Cheng Cheng , Li Zi-Jian , Wang Jun-feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a sample of 330 blue edge-on low surface brightness galaxies (ELSBGs). To understand the chemical evolution of ELSBGs, we derived the gas-phase abundance and the [α/Fe] ratio. Compared with star-forming galaxies, ELSBGs show a flatter trend in the mass–metallicity (M
*–Z) relation, which suggests that the oxygen abundance enhancement is inefficient. We focused on 77 ELSBGs with H i data and found that the closed-box model cannot explain their gas fraction and metallicity relation, which implies that infall and/or outflow is needed. We derived the [α/Fe] ratio of normal ELSBG (<109.5
M
⊙) and massive ELSBG (> = 109.5
M
⊙) using single stellar population grids from the MILES stellar library. The mean [α/Fe] ratios are 0.18 and 0.4 for normal ELSBG and massive ELSBG, respectively. We suggest that the long timescales of star formation and/or metal-rich gas outflow events caused by SNe Ia winds are likely to be responsible for the α-enhancement of massive ELSBGs.
Power-law Distribution of Solar Cycle–modulated Coronal Jets
Authors: Liu 刘 Jiajia 佳佳 , Song 宋 Anchuan 安川 , Jess David B. , Zhang Jie , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Soós Szabolcs , Keenan Francis P. , Wang 汪 Yuming 毓明 , Erdélyi Robertus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Power-law distributions have been studied as a significant characteristic of nonlinear dissipative systems. Since discovering the power-law distribution of solar flares that was later extended to nanoflares and stellar flares, it has been widely accepted that different scales of flares share the same physical process. Here we present the newly developed semiautomated jet identification algorithm and its application for detecting more than 1200 off-limb solar jets during Solar Cycle 24. Power-law distributions have been revealed between the intensity/energy and frequency of these events, with indices found to be analogous to those for flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These jets are also found to be spatially and temporally modulated by the solar cycle, forming a butterfly diagram in their latitudinal-temporal evolution, experiencing quasi-annual oscillations in their analyzed properties, and very likely gathering in certain active longitudinal belts. Our results show that coronal jets display the same nonlinear behavior as that observed in flares and CMEs, in solar and stellar atmospheres, strongly suggesting that they result from the same nonlinear statistics of scale-free processes as their counterparts in different scales of eruptive events. Although these jets, like flares and other large-scale dynamic phenomena, are found to be significantly modulated by the solar cycle, their corresponding power-law indices still remain similar.
Case A or Case B? The Effective Recombination Coefficient in Gas Clouds of Arbitrary Optical Thickness
Authors: Nebrin Olof 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In calculations of the ionization state, one is often forced to choose between the Case A recombination coefficient α
A (sum over recombinations to all hydrogen states) or the Case B recombination coefficient α
B (sum over all hydrogen states except the ground state). If the cloud is optically thick to ionizing photons, α
B is usually adopted on the basis of the “on-the-spot” approximation, wherein recombinations to the ground state are ignored because they produce ionizing photons absorbed nearby. In the opposite case of an optically thin cloud, one would expect the Case A recombination coefficient to better describe the effective recombination rate in the cloud. In this paper, I derive an analytical expression for the effective recombination coefficient in a gas cloud of arbitrary optical thickness which transitions from α
A to α
B as the optical thickness increases. The results can be readily implemented in numerical simulations and semi-analytical calculations.