bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
There's more to news media skepticism: a path analysis examining news media literacy, news media skepticism and misinformation behaviors
Authors: Xiao Xizhu , Yang Wenyuan 
Published: August 2023

PurposeWhile much research has examined the effect of media literacy in combatting misinformation, whether and to what extent news media literacy influences misinformation-related behaviors (i.e. misinformation sharing, misinformation correction) and the mediating effect of news media skepticism in the process remain less explored. Moreover, this line of research has extensively focused on a polarized information context (e.g. the USA) with less attention to a context where news information is more regulated and centralized. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned objective.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a survey study of 720 Chinese adults.FindingsThis study reveals that greater new media literacy predicts higher misinformation correction behaviors, but fails to predict caution in sharing misinformation. Findings further demonstrate a nuanced mediating effect of news media skepticism that challenges previous assertions about its protective role. That is, higher news media literacy is associated with lower news media skepticism; lower skepticism is in turn related to lower misinformation sharing and greater misinformation correction.Originality/valueThe current study integrates news media literacy and news media skepticism in understanding misinformation-related behaviors. Findings generally speak to the tangible benefits of news media literacy in helping motivate corrective actions among the general public. However, this study also strikes a cautious note that future investigations of news media skepticism would benefit from a cultural perspective. Its connections with perceptions and effects on behaviors could vary according to different types of media and political landscapes.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-04-2023-0172
Conviction, diversification or something else: constructing optimal portfolios with additional attributes
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Farid , Satchell Stephen 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide theory for some popular models and strategies used by practitioners in constructing optimal portfolios. King (2007), for example, advocated adding a diversification term to mean-variance problems to create better portfolios and provided clear empirical evidence that this is beneficial.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors provide an analytical framework to help us understand different portfolio construction practices that may incorporate diversification and conviction strategies; this allows us to connect our analysis to ideas in psychophysics and behavioural finance. The critical psychological ideas are cognitive dissonance and entropy; the economics are based on expected utility theory. The empirical section uses the theory outlined and provides the basis for constructing such portfolios.

Findings
The model presented allows the incorporation of different strategies within a mean-variance framework, ranging from diversification and conviction strategies to more ESG-oriented ones. The empirical analysis provides a practical application.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this model is the first to bridge the gap between portfolio optimisation and the psychological ideas mentioned in a coherent analytical framework.
The numerical assessment of stress distribution of I-beam with web opening
Authors: Hashim Nor Salwani , De'nan Fatimah 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Castellated and cellular beams achieved the same strength as solid I-beams with the same depth, resulting in significantly lighter and more economical structures. The purpose of this study is to analyse the bending behaviour of I-beam steel sections with certain web openings by finite element analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
The accuracy of finite element results allows extensive numerical analysis of sections with web openings, concentrating on the web opening sizes and web opening positions. These assumptions can increase the induced section load with various shapes of web opening depth and web opening shapes of c-hexagon, hexagon, octagon, circular and square. This also includes spacing distances, with a 50-mm edge and 150-mm centre-to-centre distance and a section with a 100-mm edge and 200-mm centre-to-centre distance. Generally, the adjustment of the opening geometry (by reducing the angle of web pitch or reducing the opening depth depending on analysed parameters) may influence the bending behaviour.

Findings
Additionally, Model 2 was found to be the optimum model compared to Model 1, mainly in terms of bending. Moreover, the I-beam with a c-hexagon shape opening exhibited the lowest displacement compared to other sections with other web opening shapes. Section with a different arrangement of web opening, Type E shows the lower displacement while higher displacement is observed for Type A and also higher displacement considered for Type G. The optimum model is associated with Type E, followed by Type D, compared to other types of certain web opening and I-beam.

Originality/value
The use of sections with different arrangements of web opening improved the performance of the perforated section in terms of structural behaviour, compared to typical I-beam, thus leading to economic design.
Assessing the mechanisms and impacts of shrub invasion in forests: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Petri Laís , Ibañez Inés 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The encroachment of invasive shrubs in forest understories can have detrimental effects on native plant recruitment. As a result, removal of invasive species is a common practice although long‐lasting success is rare. In order to effectively conserve and manage invaded forests, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that drive shrub invasion, that is, high propagule pressure, low native resistance and exploitation of empty niches.

To gain a deeper understanding of the invasion process in forest ecosystems we conducted a meta‐analysis of the work done in this topic. We collected data on invasive species and native community performance, and on the abiotic conditions of forest understories under low and high levels of shrub invasion. We analysed data from 124 articles that yielded 377 unique observations.

Our results revealed that while invader performance did not vary by the mechanism of invasion, the impact on the native community was significantly detrimental when invasion occurred via low biotic resistance, and only marginally significant via propagule pressure. Invasive species performance was associated with increases in light availability, but not with other resources (soil water or nutrients). When assessing impact on native performance as a function of invasive performance, results were again only significant under the low biotic resistance mechanism. Lastly, impacts were stronger when invasion took place by a single invader.

Synthesis and applications. Taken together, these results suggest that restoration efforts should focus on (i) increasing the presence of strong native competitors or functionally diverse native communities, (ii) decreasing sources of invasive shrub propagules while keeping the canopies closed when invasion occurs via high propagule pressure, (iii) avoiding management techniques that degrade or diminish canopy cover and (iv) prioritizing management of forest understories dominated by particularly impactful invasive shrubs.
Application of plant‐based proteins for fortification of oat yogurt storage stability and bioactivity
Authors: Demir Hande , Aydemir Levent Yurdaer , Özel Muhammed Şefik , Koca Esra , Şimşek Aslanoğlu Meriç 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the addition of plant‐based peanut protein isolate (PNP) and commercial pea protein (CPP) on the quality of oat yogurt (OY). PNP and CPP were partially characterized for techno‐functional properties. PNP had higher solubility (acidic and basic regions) and emulsifying activity than CPP. The water absorption capacity of CPP is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than PNP. Amino acid profiles of PNP and CPP were promising for the nutritional enhancement of OYs. OYs with PNP or CPP (0.5, 1, 2% w/v) were stored for 21 days and compared to the control group with no protein. On the 21st day of storage, (i) PNP‐ or CPP‐added OYs were found to be comparable to the control with respect to post‐acidification and viscosity, (ii) syneresis was more evident in PNP‐added OYs than in CPP‐added ones, (iii) total color change of 1% CPP‐added OY was equal to the control, and (iv) hardnesses of control, 2% PNP, and 2% CPP‐added OYs were 0.29 ± 0.00, 0.39 ± 0.01, and 0.45 ± 0.00 N, respectively. No adverse sensory effects were detected for CPP or PNP addition. Both proteins increased the total phenolic, soluble protein, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and α‐glucosidase inhibition activity of oat milk and OYs, with PNP superior to CPP overall. Compared to oat milk, the fermentation process increased ACE inhibition activity in in vitro digested samples, whereas it reduced digested yogurts’ antioxidant activity. Utilization of PNP in OY can solve the waste problem of peanut producers and the texture problem of the OY producers while formulating a functional product.Practical ApplicationPlant‐based (PB) yogurts have a growing consumer demand. The low‐protein content of PB yogurts results in low acceptance with respect to their undesirable textural and sensorial attributes. This study provided a technical basis for the PB yogurt manufacturers focusing on the addition of commercial pea protein and isolated peanut protein into oat yogurt formulation without any thickeners or flavors. In vitro digestion of protein‐added oat milk and oat yogurts showed the benefits of fermentation on bioactivity to the consumers.
Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and anti‐hyperglycemic activity of chickpea protein hydrolysates evaluated in BALB‐c mice
Authors: Navarro‐Leyva Alicia , López‐Angulo Gabriela , Delgado‐Vargas Francisco , López‐Valenzuela José Ángel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChickpea (ICC3761) protein hydrolysates have shown high in vitro antioxidant activity (AoxA) and antidiabetic potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo activities (i.e., antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and anti‐hyperglycemic) of chickpea albumin hydrolysates (CAH) obtained with alcalase and pepsin‐pancreatin (fractions ≤ 10 kDa). The CAH were analyzed for degree of hydrolysis (DH), electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles, and in vitro AoxA (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazolin)‐6‐sulfonic acid [ABTS], 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐pycrilhydrazyl [DPPH]). They were also evaluated for AoxA, anti‐inflammatory and hypo‐ and anti‐hyperglycemic activities in BALB‐c mice. The DH was 20% for the alcalase CAH and 50% for the pepsin‐pancreatin CAH, while the AoxA by ABTS (1 mg/mL) was 64.8% and 64.9% and by DPPH (5 mg/mL) was 48.0% and 31.1%. In the in vivo AoxA assay, mice of non‐damaged control and those treated with both CAH showed similar alkaline phosphatase values, control and pepsin‐pancreatin treated groups had similar malondialdehyde levels, while treated and non‐damaged control groups had higher glutathione levels than the damaged control. Liver histopathology revealed that the pepsin‐pancreatin CAH mitigated most of the pathological changes associated with the induced oxidative damage. Both CAH (2 mg/ear) reduced croton oil‐induced ear edema in mice. The α‐glucosidase inhibition of CAH (100 mg/mL) was 31.1% (alcalase) and 52.4% (pepsin‐pancreatin). Mice treated with alcalase CAH (100 mg/mL) and glibenclamide exhibited similar hypoglycemic activities, whereas only those treated with the pepsin‐pancreatin CAH (200 mg/kg body weight) showed anti‐hyperglycemic activity. The results indicate that CAH can be used as a source of bioactive peptides with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and anti‐hyperglycemic activities.
ApoE4 exacerbates the senescence of hippocampal neurons and spatial cognitive impairment by downregulating acetyl‐CoA level
Authors: Lv Shuixin , Zhang Yusi , Lin Yingbin , Fang Wenting , Wang Yu , Li Zihang , Lin Anlan , Dai Xiaoman , Ye Qinyong , Zhang Jing , Chen Xiaochun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough aging and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele have been documented as two major risk factors for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), their interaction and potential underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. Using humanized ApoE4‐ and ApoE3‐ target replacement mice, we found the accumulation of senescent neurons and the activation of mTOR and endosome‐lysosome‐autophagy (ELA) system in the hippocampus of aged ApoE4 mice. Further analyses revealed that ApoE4 aggravated the profile change of hippocampal transcription and metabolism in an age‐dependent manner, accompanying with an disruption of metabolism, which is presented with the downregulating activity of citrate synthase, the level of ATP and, most importantly, the level of acetyl coenzyme A (Ac‐CoA); GTA supplement, an Ac‐CoA substrate, reversed the senescent characteristics, decreased the activation of mTOR and ELA system, and enhanced the synaptic structure and increasing level of pre‐/post‐synaptic plasticity‐related protein, leading to cognitive improvement in aged ApoE4 mice. These data suggest that ApoE4 exacerbates neuronal senescence due to a deficiency of acetyl‐CoA, which can be ameliorated by GTA supplement. The findings provide novel insights into the potential therapeutic value of GTA supplement for the cognitive improvement in aged APOE4 carriers.
Primary azoospermia factor C duplication associated with spermatogenic impariment: a case–control study based on Y‐chromosome haplogrouping in a Han Chinese population
Authors: Xie Shengyu , Ma Yongyi , Liu Yunqiang , Tao Dachang , Wang Zhaokun , Yang Yuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAzoospermia factor C (AZFc) in the male‐specific region of Y‐chromosome (MSY) presents wide structure variation mainly due to frequent non‐allele homologous recombination, leading to significant copy number variation of the AZFc‐linked coding sequences involving in spermatogenesis. A large number of studies had been conducted to investigate the association between AZFc deletions and male infertility in certain Y chromosome genetic backgrounds, however, the influence of primary AZFc duplication on spermatogenesis remained controversial and the cause of the discrepant outcomes is unknown.MethodsIn the present study, a total of 1,102 unrelated Han Chinese males without any detectable AZF deletions were recruited from 2014 to 2019, including 411 controls with normozoospermia and 691 patients with idiopathic spermatogenic failure. Using multiple paralog ratio tests (PRTs), the structure duplications were classified by the copy number of the AZFc‐linked amplicons and genes. The Y‐chromosome haplogroup (Y‐hg) was categorized by genetyping of MSY‐linked polymorphism loci. The association of primary AZFc duplication with spermatogenic phenotype was investigated in males with the same Y‐hg.ResultsWithin Y‐hg O3* group, the frequency of the gr/gr duplication in patients is significantly higher than that of controls (P = 1.29×10−3, odds ratio (OR) 7.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–32.57). Moreover, Y‐hg O3* males with the gr/gr duplication presented a significantly lower sperm production compared with non‐AZFc duplicated ones (sperm concentration: P = 1.46×10−3; total sperm count: P = 1.82 ×10−3). The b2/b3 duplication were identified clustered in Y‐hg Cα2*, and the significant difference in the distribution was not observed between patients with spermatogenic failure and controls.ConclusionThe results suggest that, in the Han Chinese population, the gr/gr duplication is a predisposing genetic factor for spermatogenic impairment in males harboring Y‐hg O3*. Meanwhile, the b2/b3 duplication may be fixed on a yet‐unidentified subbranch of Y‐hg Cα2* without significantly deleterious effect on spermatogenesis. Our findings provide evidence that the difference in the Y‐hg composition may cause the discrepancy on the association of AZFc duplication with spermatogenic failure among the studied populations.
One‐year follow‐up after standardized perineal reconstruction in women with deficient perineum after vaginal delivery
Authors: Rotstein Emilia , Ullemar Vilhelmina , Engberg Hedvig , Lindén Hirschberg Angelica , Ajne Gunilla , Tegerstedt Gunilla 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPerineal tears are common after childbirth and, if not surgically repaired, they may result in a deficient perineum that can cause symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. Perineal reconstruction aims to restore the perineal body and increase the support of the pelvic floor. The objective of the present study was to estimate symptom reduction after perineal reconstruction in patients with deficient perineum after vaginal delivery and to compare outcomes between participants with or without concomitant levator ani muscle deficiency.Material and methodsParticipants presenting at the Karolinska Pelvic Floor Center with symptoms of deficient perineum at least 1 year after vaginal birth were invited to the study. Inclusion criteria were a visible perineal scar and confirmed anatomic defect. Levator ani defects were assessed using the Levator Ani Deficiency score. A perineal reconstruction was performed in a standardized way. Subjective symptoms were evaluated using the validated “Karolinska Symptoms After Perineal Tear Inventory” at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. A score difference in the symptom of an acquired sensation of a wide vagina was the primary outcome. Results were stratified by the presence or absence of a levator ani deficiency.ResultsA perineal reconstruction was performed in 131 patients and 128 patients completed the Karolinska Symptoms After Perineal Tear Inventory at baseline and 119 at follow‐up. Median age was 36.1 (interquartile range [IQR] 7.9), median body mass index 22.3 (IQR 5.1) and a median of two vaginal deliveries. Fifty‐four women (41.2%) had a levator ani deficiency. The mean score reduction for the item “Do you feel that your vagina is too wide/loose?” was −1.56 (SD 0.96; P < 0.001) from a mean score of 2.75 (maximum 3) at baseline. The mean total score reduction was −9.1 points (SD 5.3; P < 0.001) from a mean score of 18.4 (maximum 33) points at baseline. There were no significant differences between groups when stratifying by levator ani deficiency.ConclusionsOur results show that perineal reconstructive surgery significantly decreases symptoms of deficient perineum after vaginal delivery. A concomitant levator ani defect does not affect the symptom reduction of an acquired sensation of a wide vagina or the total score reduction after surgery.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: Medical therapies for treatment of ulcerative proctitis
Authors: Aruljothy Achuthan , Singh Siddharth , Narula Neeraj , Moran Gordon W. , Vuyyuru Sudheer K. , Hogan Malcolm , Zayadi Alexa , MacDonald John K. , Caron Benedicte , Danese Silvio , Peyrin Biroulet Laurent , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul 
Published: August 2023

SummaryBackgroundUlcerative proctitis (UP) is a common highly symptomatic form of ulcerative colitis that can be difficult to treat.AimTo assess the efficacy of medical treatments for UP.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL on 23 November 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of medical therapy for adults with UP. Primary outcomes included induction and maintenance of clinical remission. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome.ResultsWe included 53 RCTs (n = 4096) including 46 induction studies (n = 3731) and seven maintenance studies (n = 365). First‐line therapies included topical 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA), conventional corticosteroids, budesonide, and oral 5‐ASA. Therapy for refractory UP included topical tacrolimus and small molecules. Topical 5‐ASA was superior to placebo for induction (RR 2.72, 95% CI 1.94–3.82) and maintenance of remission (RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.26–3.46). Topical corticosteroids were superior to placebo for induction of remission (RR 2.83, 95% CI 1.62–4.92). Topical budesonide was superior to placebo for induction of remission (RR 2.34, 95% CI 1.44–3.81). Combination therapy with topical 5‐ASA and topical corticosteroids was superior to topical monotherapy with either agent. Topical tacrolimus was superior to placebo. Etrasimod was superior to placebo for induction (RR 4.71, 95% CI 1.2–18.49) and maintenance of remission (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.31–3.32).ConclusionsTopical 5‐ASA and corticosteroids are effective for active UP. Topical 5‐ASA may be effective for maintenance of remission. Tacrolimus may be effective for induction of remission. Etrasimod may be effective for induction and for maintenance of remission. Trials should include UP to expand the evidence base for this under‐represented population.
Supporting birth companions for women in labor, the views and experiences of birth companions, women and midwives: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Evans Kerry , Pallotti Phoebe , Spiby Helen , Evans Catrin , Eldridge Jeanette 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundBirth companions can have a positive effect on women's experiences in labor. However, companions can feel unprepared and need professional guidance to help them feel involved and provide effective support.MethodsA convergent segregated mixed‐methods systematic review was conducted to explore women's, companions’, and midwives’ experiences of birth companion support and identify ways to improve the experience for women and companions. A thematic synthesis of qualitative data and a narrative summary of quantitative data were conducted followed by integration of the findings.ResultsCompanions who cope well in labor reported feeling involved, able to preserve women's internal focus and have a defined role, providing physical or emotional support. LBGTQ+ partners faced barriers to inclusion due to “forefronting” of their sexuality by staff and a lack of recognition in the language and processes used. The experience of birth companions can be enhanced by promoting their role as co‐parent, guardian, and coach, provision of timely information and developing a trusting relationship with care providers. Only two papers reported midwives’ views on birth companions in labor.ConclusionsWomen's and companions’ satisfaction with birth is increased when companions can support the mother, feel supported themselves, and valued as a co‐parent. The midwives’ role in information provision and guidance can maximize birth companions’ experience and ability to provide positive support. LBGTQ+ families need more support to feel included and recognized.