bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Digital Literacy on the Risks of Children Dropping Out of School During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Muzayyin Afif , Dwini Handayani  
Published: August 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has negative implications for all aspects of life, including aspects of education. It is feared that the transition to a distance learning system (PJJ) that adopts digital technology will reduce students' learning abilities (learning loss) and potentially increase the risk of dropping out of school. This study aims to study the effect of digital literacy on the risk of dropping out of school for children aged 7-18 years during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative approach that using secondary data of Susenas 2021, Podes 2021, and IP-TIK 2021 publications with 250,921 samples of unit analysis being individuals aged 7-18 years with school status in the academic year (2019/2020) at the elementary to high school levels. Data analysis was performed using descriptive methods and multilevel binary logistic regression. The results of the analysis show that digital literacy as a proxy for digital access (use of mobile phones, computers/laptops, and internet access) has a negative significant effect on the risk of dropping out children of school. Childrens that have higher the digital literacy will have the lower the risk of dropping out children of school. The significant control variables were sex, school level, employment status of the head of household, length of schooling of the head of household, household expenditure quintile, and classification of residence. While the contextual (regional) variable that has a significant effect on the risk of dropping out of school is the information and communication technology development index (IP-TIK)
Biochemical Action of Vaccines in Iraqi Patients with COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Jasim Rasha Zuhair 
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present study is to compare the biochemical action of the three vaccines taken in Iraq: Pfizer Biontech, AstraZeneca Oxford and Sinopharm based on biochemical parameters. Seventy COVID-19 Iraqi patients ( males and females ) were participated in the present study and classified into 7 groups : Gc : COVID-19 patients ( without vaccine ) , Gp1: COVID-19 patients took one dose of Pfizer Biontech, Gp2 : COVID-19 patients took two doses of Pfizer Biontech, Ga1 : patients took one dose of AstraZeneca Oxford vaccine , Ga2: patients took two doses of AstraZeneca Oxford vaccine , Gs1 : patients took one dose of Sinopharm vaccine and Gs2: patients took two doses of Sinopharm vaccine. Patients were compared with healthy subjects (without vaccine) as a control group (Gh). The D-dimer level was highly significantly increased in Gc compared with Gh and was highly significantly decreased in Gp1 , Ga1 , Ga2 , significantly decreased in Gp2 and non-significantly decreased in Gs1 and highly significant increased in Gs2 compared with Gc. CRP level was significantly increased in Gc compared with Gh while it was significantly decreased in Gp1, Gp2, Ga1 , Ga2 , Gs1 , Gs2 compared with Gc. IgG and IgM levels were increased in Gc but decreased after taking vaccines ( except Ga2 for IgG and Gp2 for IgM ) The present study submits a novelty to the field of COVID-19 by highlighting the chemical aspects of vaccines used in Iraq
Peran Muhadharah dalam Melatih Kemampuan Komunikasi Siswa
Authors: Ali Ba’ul Chusna Azimah Kusuma Ati; 
Published: August 2023

Kemampuan komunikasi siswa merupakan hal yang penting dan harus ditingkatkan. Faktanya, kemampuan komunikasi siswa masih berada di bawa standar yang ditentukan. Hal tersebut nampak ketika guru meminta siswa untuk menjawab pertanyaan, namun siswa tersebut menolak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan kegiatan muhadharah dalam melatih kemampuan komunikasi siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. (2) Mendeskripsikan dampak kegiatan muhadharah terhadap kemampuan komunikasi siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokmentasi. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Milles Huberman. Adapun tahap- tahapnya yaitu tahap reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa telah dilaksanakan kegiatan muhadharah di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Ini diawali dengan siswa berpidato di depan teman-temanya. Materi yang dipilih bertema bebas. Kegiatan ini dipandu oleh pembawa acara yang diawali pembacaan ayat suci Al-Qur’an dan bersholawat. Kegiatan dilanjutkan dengan penyampaian pidato dan diakhiri dengan sambutan dan doa oleh guru. Hasil penelitian yang kedua yaitu peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi siswa setelah diadakan kegiatan muhadharah dan pelatihan dari guru.
Peningkatan Penguasaan Kosakata Bahasa Arab Menggunakan Metode Mimikri Menghafal Berbantu Media Flashcard
Authors: Uli Fuadiah  , Cahyo Agus Tri 
Published: August 2023

Metode mimikri menghafal (mim-mem) merupakan metode yang cocok digunakan, yakni dalam proses menghafal. Selain itu untuk menambah guru juga membutuhkan alat bantu untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap kosakata, maka dipilihlah media kartu flashcard. Yang mana penggunaan media tersebut menjadikan suasana pembelajaran menjadi lebih seru, menarik, dan tidak membuat jenuh siswa saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Kedua komponen pembelajaran tersebut diterapkan di kelas IV Al-Hakim MIN 3 Ponorogo.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendiskripsikan penerapan langkah-langkah metode mimikri menghafal berbantu media flashcard untuk meningkatkan penguasaan koasakata dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab, (2) mendiskripsikan kekurangan dan kelebihan metode mimikri menghafal berbantu media flashcard untuk meningkatkan penguasaan koasakata dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Dalam penelitian kali ini peneliti menerapkan model Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Penelitian tindakan kelas adalah proses pemecahan masalah yang dilakukan secara sistematis, artinya dilakukan secara bertahap melalui beberapa siklus. Sumber data dari siswa kelas IV Al-Hakim MIN 3 Ponorogo Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022.
Berdasarkan analisis data ditemukan bahwa setelah penerapan langkah-langkah metode mimikri menghafal berbantu media flashcard pemahaman siswa terhadap kosakata meningkat. Dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya nilai rata-rata evaluai siswa dari siklus I sampai siklus III, adapun nilai rata-rata siklus I sangat rendah yaitu 36,19. Nilai rata-rata siklus II naik menjadi 67, dan pada siklus III rata-rata mencapai 80,4 dengan predikat baik sekali. Melihat dari hasil evaluasi tersebut dapat di simpulkan bahwa, penerapan metode mimikri menghafal (mim-mem) mampu meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab kelas IV di MIN 3 Ponorogo.
PROFIL GAYA BELAJAR SISWA DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA DI KELAS VA MIN 6 PONOROGO
Authors: Khovivah Ananda , Weni Tria Anugrah Putri  
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil gaya belajar visual, auditori, kinestetik siswa, dan faktor yang mempengaruhi gaya belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas VA MIN 6 Ponorogo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa ada 4 siswa yang menunjukkan gaya belajar visual, 4 siswa menunjukkan gaya belajar auditori, dan 9 siswa yang menunjukkan gaya belajar kinestetik. Adapun 4 faktor yang mempengaruhi gaya belajar siswa pada proses pembelajaran IPA di kelas VA; meliputi faktor fisik, faktor emosi, faktor sosiologis, dan faktor lingkungan. Dengan disimpulkan bahwa profil gaya belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas VA MIN 6 Ponorogo ini diketahui ada 3 gaya belajar siswa yaitu visual, auditori, dan kinestetik. Gaya belajar siswa tersebut ternyata dapat dipengaruhi oleh 4 faktor yang terjadi selama pembelajaran IPA di kelas VA yaitu faktor fisik, faktor emosi, faktor sosiologis, dan faktor lingkungan.
Calcium Signaling in MR1-Dependent Antigen Presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Karamooz Elham , Peterson Jessie , Tammen Allison , Soma Shogo , Kim Se-Jin , Lewinsohn David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
MR1 is a ubiquitously expressed MHC-Ib molecule that presents microbial metabolites to MR1-restricted T cells, but there are differences in the antigen presentation pathway of an intracellular microbe compared to exogenous antigen. We have shown the importance of endosomal trafficking proteins in MR1-dependent presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Two pore channels (TPCs) are endosomal calcium channels that regulate endosomal trafficking. Due to their location on endosomes, we hypothesized that TPCs could be required for MR1-dependent presentation of antigens derived from the intracellular microbe Mtb. We found that TPCs are critical for the presentation of Mtb by MR1; inhibition of TPCs had no effect on MR1 presentation of extracellular (exogenous) antigens, HLA-B presentation, or HLA-II presentation. Finally, we found that the calcium sensitive trafficking protein Synaptotagmin 7 was also key in the presentation of Mtb by MR1. This calcium-dependent endosomal pathway is a novel mechanism by which the immune system can sample intracellular antigens.
Identification of NIBAN2-regulated RUNX2 alternative splicing presents novel strategies antagonizing osteoporosis
Authors: Cai Lin , Zhang Sheng , Yang Zhiqiang , Wei Renxiong , Zhang Yufeng , Chen Zhe , Lv Xuan , Deng Zhouming , Huang Zan , Xie Yuanlong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by excessive bone resorption and/or defects in bone formation. Identification of factors promoting osteoblast differentiation may provide potential targets for osteoporosis therapy. Through integral analyses of multiple datasets, NIBAN2 was found to be tightly associated with bone formation and osteoporosis. Indeed, NIBAN2 promoted osteoblast differentiation, and conditional Niban2 knockout in osteoblasts caused bone loss and insufficient mineralization in mice. Mechanistically, NIBAN2 interacted with the Hnrnpu-cored spliceosome complex and altered its components to regulate the alternative splicing of Runx2, which ultimately caused an increase in full-length Runx2 but a decrease in exon 6-exclusive Runx2 isoforms to reinforce osteoblast differentiation. Most importantly, NIBAN2 was associated with RUNX2 alternative splicing and correlated with bone loss in osteoporosis patients. Niban2 rescued bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. Thus, our research identifies NIBAN2-regulated RUNX2 alternative splicing as a novel mechanism of osteoblast differentiation that may present new strategies for antagonizing osteoporosis.
Multi-state Markov Model for time to treatment changes for HIV/AIDS patients: A retrospective cohort national datasets, Ethiopia
Authors: Kumsa Tsegaye Hailu , Mulu Andargachew , Beyene Joseph , Asfaw Zeytu Gashaw 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Virological failure, drug resistance, toxicities, and other issues make it difficult for ART to maintain long-term sustainability. These issues would force a modification in the patient's treatment plan. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the durability first line treatment and reasons of early treatment modification of the patient.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted from October, 2019 - March, 2020 across all regional states including Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa administrative cities. This study adopted a multi-state Markov model for time to treatment change/switch obtained from 33716 patients. We estimated the transition probability, prediction probabilities and length of stay and factor associated with treatment modification of patients to move from one regimen to another.
Results
Any of the six therapy combinations (14.4%) altered their treatment at least once during the follow-up period for a variety of reasons. Of the patients, 4,834 (13.26%) changed their treatments just once, while 371 (1.1%) changed it more than once. For 38.6% of the time, a treatment change was undertaken due to toxicity, another infection or comorbidity, or another factor, followed by New drugs were then made accessible and other factors 18.3% of the time, a drug was out of supply; 2.6% of those instances involved pregnancy; and 43.1% involved something else. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) combinations TDF + 3TC + NVP, d4T + 3TC + NVP, and TDF + 3TC + EFV were high to treatment alterations in all reasons of treatment modifications, with 29.74%, 26.52%, and 19.52% treatment changes, respectively. Early treatment modification or regime change is one of the treatment combinations that include the d4T medication that creates major concern. The likelihood of staying and moving at the the start of s = 0 and 30-month transitions increased, but the likelihood of staying were declined. For this cohort dataset, the presence of opportunistic disease, low body weight, baseline CD4 count, and baseline TB positive were risk factors for therapy adjustment.
Conclusion
Given that the current study took into account a national dataset, it provides a solid basis for ART drug status and management. The patient had a higher likelihood of adjusting their treatment at some point during the follow-up period due to drug toxicity, comorbidity, drug not being available, and other factors, according to the prediction probability once more. Baseline TB positivity, low CD4 count, opportunistic disease, and low body weight were risk factors for therapy adjustment in this cohort dataset.
Pharmacists’ awareness and practices regarding counterfeit medicines in Aksum, Ethiopia
Authors: Asayehegn Amha , Welay Beriha , Kasahun Gebremicheal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Pharmacists’ awareness is required to combat the distribution of counterfeit medicines. This is due to, the ultimate goal of treatment outcome might be compromised by the availability of counterfeit medicines, which could have serious consequences of public health. The study was aimed to assess pharmacies’ awareness and practices regarding counterfeit medicines in Aksum, Ethiopia.
Methods
The study was conducted using cross sectional study design between July and August, 2021. A structured data collection tool was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS Version 23.0.
Results
More than 56% of the respondents had direct experience of drug counterfeiting, and 51.2% of the them didn’t know counterfeit medication reporting system. About 58.5% of the respondents didn’t take any special training on identifying counterfeit drugs. Most of the respondents (73.2%) thought that the current law and regulations of drug counterfeiting are not enough. Approximately 44% of the participants said that expiry date and packaging of the drug are the main distinguishing features of counterfeit medicines.
Conclusion
The most important finding in this study was the pharmacists direct experience of counterfeit medicines, and there is a poor enforcement of law and regulations system in Aksum, Ethiopia. The results point out the need for strengthening the legislation, on regulations system and implementing awareness creation training for pharmacists.
Safe Reinforcement Learning for Learning from Human Demonstrations
Authors: Ramirez Jorge , Yu Wen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Learning optimal policies in Reinforcement Learning (RL) can present significant challenges in real-world applications, where it is crucial for agents to demonstrate specific behaviors while ensuring safety and efficiency. For human behavior learning using RL, the matter of safety during the learning process and its subsequent deployment in real-world scenarios has not been adequately addressed. This paper introduces a novel reinforcement learning approach that combines behavior learning with safe exploration in RL, offering a practical and effective method for acquiring specific behaviors while ensuring safety. The proposed algorithm's performance is evaluated in guiding a 2-degree-of-freedom planar robot in its task-space, demonstrating its ability to converge to an optimal policy while strictly adhering to safety constraints. This research has the potential to have a profound impact on various real-world applications, including robotics and virtual assistants.
Optimizing Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies and Target Populations in Budget-Constrained Regions through Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: A Case from China's East
Authors: LI HAO , Fu Yun , Xu Ao , Zhang Peng , Wang Wei-bing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancers globally in terms of morbidity and mortality. For middle-income countries planning to implement regional screening programs, conducting a preliminary assessment to identify individuals at a higher risk of CRC before proceeding with a colonoscopy can be more cost-effective.
Methods: We employed a microsimulation model to assess the impact of various preliminary assessment strategies. Simulations were conducted to identify the optimal age for initiating and ending screening.
Results: The primary data were sourced from the Huzhou screening program, which included 418,805 individuals from 2020 to 2022. All screening strategies were found to be effective, with the cost per incremental Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) being less than $1,026, which is below the minimum standard for upper-middle-income countries. The most effective screening strategy was the annual combined two-sample Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test (i-FOBT) and risk evaluation questionnaires. This approach led to a reduction in CRC incidence and related deaths by 2435 and 1174 cases per 100,000 individuals, respectively, and an increase in Life Years Saved (LYS) by 13903 years and QALYs by 35564 years. The recommended ages to begin and end screening were 48 and 72 years, respectively.
Conclusions: All CRC screening strategies demonstrated effectiveness compared to non-screening, with the annual combined two-sample i-FOBT and risk evaluation questionnaires emerging as the optimal approach. For additional regions, the best screening strategy can be selected based on the health outcomes and costs we have provided.
PCLDA: A cell annotation tool using scRNA-seq data based on simple statistics methods
Authors: Bai Kailun , Xing Li , Shao Xiaojian , Zhang Xuekui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the rise of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology, more and more studies are focusing on single-cell-based disease diagnosis and treatment. Cell type annotation is the first and most critical step in analyzing single-cell genomic data. Traditional marker-genes-based annotation approaches require a lot of domain knowledge and subjective human decisions, which makes annotation time-consuming and generate inconsistent cell identities. In the past few years, multiple automated cell type identification tools have been developed, leveraging large amounts of accumulated reference cells. All these methods are extensions or revisions of vanilla supervised machine learning methods. However, complex models have four potential disadvantages (1) they may require more model assumptions which may not hold in real-world problems, (2) they may involve many model parameters to be tuned, (3) they may be harder to interpret, (4) they may require more computational resources. In this work, we propose PCLDA, a method based on the simplest statistical models, including principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, which do not suffer the problems mentioned above. We show PCLDA’s performance is not inferior to the fancier methods in real data. The key message we promote in this work is to use simple statistics if it can solve the problem, avoiding unnecessary complications.
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Refractory or Relapsed Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era
Authors: Huang Cheng , Tang Tian-Lan , Shi Gui-Qing , Qiu Yan-Yan , Lin Yu-Ping , Chen Si-Lin , Zhao Rui-Zhi , Liao Si-Qin , Chen Jin-Hua , Fu Hai-Ying , Liu Jian-Zhi , Xu Ben-Hua , Liu Ting-Bo , Yang Yong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective and available local treatment for patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) aggressive B-cell lymphomas. However, the value of hypofractionated RT in this setting has not been confirmed.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with R/R aggressive B-cell lymphoma who received hypofractionated RT between January 2020 and August 2022 at a single institution. The objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and acute side effects were analyzed.
Results: A total of 30 patients were included. The median dose for residual disease was 36 Gy, at a dose per fraction of 2.3–5 Gy. After RT, the ORR and complete response (CR) rates were 90% and 80%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 10 months (range, 2–27 months), 10 patients (33.3%) experienced disease progression and three died. The 1-year OS and PFS rates for all patients were 81.8% and 66.3%, respectively. The majority (8/10) of post-RT progressions involved out-field relapses. Patients with relapsed diseases, no response to systemic therapy, multiple lesions at the time of RT, and no response to RT were associated with out-field relapses. PFS was associated with response to RT (P=0.001) and numbers of residual sites (P<0.001). No serious non-hematological adverse effects (≥grade 3) associated with RT were reported.
Conclusion: These data suggest that hypofractionated RT was effective and tolerable for patients with R/R aggressive B-cell lymphoma, especially for those that exhibited localized residual disease.
Intrauterine Fetal Death Due to Rupture of Umbilical Vessels: A Rare Case of Furcate Cord Insertion
Authors: Xu Heng , Lu Jia-Ping , Xu Qiu-Lian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Furcate cord insertion refers to the separation of umbilical vessels before reaching the placenta, where the branching vessels normally attach at the edge of the placental substance or near the placental membranes. This is an extremely rare abnormal umbilical cord insertion. This paper reported a case of a furcate cord insertion, where the rupture of exposed umbilical vessels led to intrauterine fetal death at full term. Through literature review, we analyzed the prenatal ultrasound characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of furcate cord insertions, with the aim to improve detection rates and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Acute distal and symmetrical myositis of uncertain aetiology-a case report and literature review
Authors: Kazi Nahian , Mehmed Melisa , Chen Xiaomei , Asya Omer , Sarma Devraj , Si Pann Ei Hnynn , Abdelhafiz Ahmed H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Myositis is a clinical condition with a wide spectrum clinical presentation and the classification in the literature is less clear.
Case presentation: We present a case of 33 years old woman with acute history of pain and swelling of both calf muscles. Her investigations confirmed acute bilateral myositis. She responded well to conservative management with full recovery. This case is likely to represent a benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) with an adult onset. Although BACM is common in children up to the age of 12 years, there is an increasing trend of presentation in adults. BACM is a self-limited condition with good prognosis without specific treatment and the diagnosis is largely based on clinical features. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this type of myositis in adults to avoid unnecessary invasive investigations.
Conclusion: BACM may be changing pattern with an increasing shift of clinical presentation in adults. It is a self-limited condition, which does not need invasive investigations. There is still need for future research to precisely classify the clinical presentation of myositis.