bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's use of social information from multiple models: Cognitive capacities underlying population size effects on cumulative culture
Authors: Wilks Charlotte E. H. , Atkinson Mark , Caldwell Christine A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPopulation size has been proposed to promote cumulative culture in humans. Experimental evidence from adult humans suggests that one explanatory mechanism might involve combining beneficial information from multiple models. However, it is possible that such combinatory social learning requires cognitive capacities restricted to adult humans. In our task, children aged 5–10 were exposed to two models who consecutively searched a 3×3 array for rewards. Models revealed different correct and incorrect reward locations. This information could be used by the child to maximise their own score on the same task. We were interested in children's ability to select rewarded locations, and avoid unrewarded ones, revealed by both models. We also manipulated the spatial and temporal displacement of the information available. Results showed that the youngest children were unable to fully benefit from the additional information provided by the two models under spatial and/or temporal displacement. Such displacement likely applies in most real-world cases of cumulative culture therefore our result may offer insight into the constraints on cumulative culture in nonhumans.
Analysis of the operation of marine diesel engines when using engine oils with different structural characteristics
Authors: Stoliaryk Tymur 
Published: December 2022

The object of research is the process of lubrication of marine trunk diesel engines. The subject of research is marine diesel engine oils, which provide lubrication, cooling and separation of friction surfaces.
The analysis of the operation of marine diesel engines using motor oils with different structural characteristics is carried out. The studies are carried out on Yanmar 6EY18AL diesel engines of a Multipurpose Vessel class ship with deadweight of 27540 tons. The objective of research is to determine the effect of the structural characteristics of the oil layer (contact angle and thickness) on the performance parameters of a marine diesel engine and the performance characteristics of the oil used in its circulating lubrication system. At the same time, the compression pressure, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases, and the temperature of the exhaust gases after the cylinder are considered as the operating parameters of the diesel engine; as performance characteristics of the oil – its Base Number, as well as its Wear and Contaminant Elements. The studies are carried out on two diesel engines of the same type, in the circulating lubrication system of which oils with different structural characteristics were used. Structural characteristics of the oil layer were determined by ellipsometry. The operational characteristics of the diesel engine – using the Doctor diagnostic system. Oil performance – by spectrographic analysis. It has been established that an increase in the contact angles of wetting and the thickness of the oil layer improves the heat and power and environmental performance of a diesel engine. At the same time (for the period of operation of diesel engines 500–1000 hours), the decrease in compression pressure in the cylinder slows down, the temperature of gases after the cylinder decreases, and the emission of nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases decreases. In addition, the wear of diesel parts and oil oxidation are reduced.
The information obtained in the course of the study on the structural characteristics of motor oils will provide the possibility of their selection and further use of those that will contribute to a better maintenance of the operational performance of marine diesel engines.
Reliability prediction of composite materials with random elastic inclusions
Authors: Kvit Roman 
Published: December 2022

The object of the research is the construction of an algorithm that allows finding a number of strength (failure loading) statistical characteristics of a composite material plate under the conditions of a complex stress state. The relationships that determine the most probable value, mean value, dispersion and coefficient of variation of strength for an elastic homogeneous plate in which elliptical inclusions of another elastic material are uniformly distributed are written. Inclusions do not interact with each other and their geometric parameters are statistically independent random variables whose distribution laws are written for certain physical reasons.
The combination of the known deterministic solution of the composite materials failure theory and probabilistic statistical methods that take into account the randomness of the material structure makes it possible to study the failure of composite materials taking into account the stochasticity of their structure.
The main content of this article is the construction and analysis of the strength statistical characteristics algorithm of two-component lamellar composite materials. The mechanism of composite plate’s failure initiation in the inclusion is considered. The recorded relationships make it possible to calculate the most probable value, mean value, dispersion and coefficient of variation of strength and to investigate their dependence on the type of applied loading, structural heterogeneity of the composite and its dimensions (number of inclusions).
The obtained results allow effective assessment of the reliability of stochastically defective two-component composite structural materials under complex stress conditions. This is due to the fact that the combined consideration of defectiveness and randomness in the composite material structure as interconnected, inseparable phenomena open new opportunities for researching of the strength problem and failure of composite materials under various types of applied loading.
Origin and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments core from Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab rivers
Authors: Salem Zainab A. , Mohammed Abbas H. , Al-Saad Hamid T. 
Published: December 2022

Due to the important area of the Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab rivers in Iraq, and the effect of pollutant to theses rivers, the object of study is the origin and sources of PAHs compounds in sediment core samples which collected in 2021 from six important stations that are (Tigris1, Tigris2, Euphrates1, Euphrates2, Shatt Al-Arab1, and Shatt Al-Arab2). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzes by using capillary gas chromatography. The results of PAHs shown in two pattern low and high molecular weight. The total PAHs ranged between 79.141 ng/g at station No. 6 to 3.830 ng/g at station No. 3. The rush to develop industries across the globe accelerates environmental damage brought on by many contaminants, including PAHs. Organic compounds in the PAHs class have two or more aromatic rings. PAHs can be pyrogenic, petrogenic, or biogenic depending on how they develop. Pyrogenic PAHs are produced when various fuels, oil and gas, waste, or other organic materials like fume from oil industries in the area. The investigation showed two patterns of sources petrogenic and pyrogenic with the petrogenic source predominating according to the ratios (low molecular weight/high molecular weight), anthracene/(anthracene+phenanthrene) and fluoranthene/(fluoranthene+pyrene). Additionally, findings indicated that sediment pollution is of a moderate pollution. By adhering to sedimentary particles, PAHs get into the sediments. Based on the physicochemical characteristics of each fraction and the surrounding environment, sediments also serve as a source for some contaminants that re-enter the water column. Lighter PAHs predominated in water samples, while heavier compounds predominated in sediment samples, according to several studies. In addition, it is difficult to remove the high concentrations of PAHs in riverine sediments brought on by industrial activity. While other research indicated significant PAHs pollution in a variety of global environments. Due to the fact that such research helps to lessen the obvious shortage of information regarding such pollutants in Iraqi rivers, this study gives as the baselines for coming research.
Increasing the strength of building ceramics made on the basis of low-melting clays
Authors: Subbota Іrіna , Spasonova Larysa , Sholom Аnastasia 
Published: December 2022

The object of the study is the physical and chemical processes of formation of the structure and properties, intensification of sintering of ceramic masses based on local raw materials (Krynichanska low-melting clay raw materials of the Kyiv region, Ukraine) by regulating the chemical and mineralogical composition and technological regimes. When choosing clay raw materials for specific ceramic technologies, it is necessary to be guided by a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical properties of clay rock. These can be the granulometric and material composition, including the chemical and mineralogical composition of the clay and impurity components, the presence of amorphous material. The state of order in the structure of clay-forming minerals is also important, the knowledge of which makes it possible to determine the ways of regulating the basic technological properties of clay rock in order to bring them to the required level.
Among physical and mechanical parameters, mechanical strength is one of the main criteria for determining the suitability of raw materials for the production of building ceramics. The conducted studies have shown that with an increase in the amount of rotten stone additive introduced from 10 to 20 % of low-melting clay, the mechanical strength of ceramic samples in compression and bending increases. The introduction of rotten stone additive provides an increase in the coefficient of sensitivity to drying low-melting clay raw materials, which has a positive effect on the crack resistance of raw bricks when drying clay rock in order to bring them to the required level.
The use of silica materials in the composition of ceramic masses based on low-melting clays as an additive to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished product has shown its effectiveness. This can be explained by the fact that the nature of the interaction of silica additives, which was used as rotten stone, differs from the interaction of clay minerals present in ceramic raw materials with water. Since silica exists in rotten stone in the form of amorphous silica gel, it helps to improve the structure of clay, makes it monolithic, increasing mechanical strength. The impurities of low-melting oxides, which are part of the rotten stone, contribute to the formation of low-melting eutectic, reducing the refractoriness of amorphous silica and have a positive effect on the sintering process, forming a glass phase.
A review study on solar tower using different heat transfer fluid
Authors: Falahat Farah M. , Gomaa Mohamed R. 
Published: December 2022

The object of research is distinguishing the different heat transfer fluids (HTF) in concentrating solar power (CSP). CSP technologies are gaining more attention these years due to the fact that the world is facing significant problems, especially concerning environmental issues and the increasing electricity demand. The world countries are currently committed to mitigating climate change and limiting greenhouse gas emissions to keep the global temperature rising below 2 °C. As a result, renewable energy sources are required for power generation. One of the most widely used technologies is the solar tower, where mirrors reflect solar radiation into a central receiver on top of a tower that contains a working fluid known as heat transfer fluid. The HTF is one of the most important components in solar power tower plants used to transfer and store thermal energy to generate electricity. This study focuses on the HTF used in solar power towers and how it can affect the efficiency of the plant. The HTF discussed in this study are air, water/steam, molten salts, liquid sodium, and supercritical CO2. Among the review of HTFs in the solar tower system, the result of the research shows that the Air can reach the highest temperature while liquid sodium achieves the highest overall plant efficiency.
Justification of approaches to development of the standard civil society organization based on international experience
Authors: Pylypko Kateryna , Adamchuk Leonora , Antoniv Artem , Sevin Sedat 
Published: December 2022

The object of the research is the principles of the quality management system and the interaction of different approaches to the quality assessment of civil society organizations (CSOs). In many countries, regulatory documents have not been developed regarding the quality management of the CSO activities. Let’s consider this problem using the example of Ukraine, since there has been an increase in the number of public associations by more than 85,000 during the last decade. Along with it, the principles of implementing DSTU ISO 9001:2015 for non-commercial, in particular civil organizations, are not sufficiently clear, given the various socio-cultural and economic prerequisites.
Based on theoretical and analytical methods, it is proposed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the problem and further justification of the implementation of the practice of compliance with Quality Standards and good governance in civil society organizations. That is primarily due to the desire of CSOs themselves to self-organize, reinforced by the need to establish partnership relations with state authorities and commercial organizations, which is accompanied by the fulfillment of requirements for transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of CSOs activities. Adherence to Quality Standards forms a commitment on the part of CSOs to generally accepted ethical principles and standards of behavior, which further contributes to the achievement of social legitimacy.
Based on the analyzed regulatory and technical documentation, the need to develop a Quality Standard of Ukraine for CSOs based on the complementarity of different approaches to evaluating the quality of organizations according to the «Quality Standard of CSOs» and DSTU ISO 9001:2015 is substantiated.
The results of the analysis of registered public associations by organizational and legal forms in Ukraine confirm the tendency to increase their number, which is a prerequisite for the implementation of the international experience of using the CSO Quality Standard. Taking into account the results of a comparative assessment of the principles of the CSO Quality Standard and DSTU ISO 9001:2015, wit is possible to state that there are no differences in the main approaches to managing the quality system of organizations. The governance aspects of the Modified Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool are similar to those of the «Quality Standard of CSOs», based on the subcategories: authorities; values, vision, and mission of the organization; management style and leadership; strategic planning.
Understanding Students’ Free-Body Diagrams Using the Metarepresentations Survey for Physics
Authors: Taasoobshirazi Gita , Heddy Benjamin C. , Danielson Robert W. , Abraham Eric R.I. , Joji Shelby 
Published: December 2022

Study purpose. The Metarepresentations Survey for Physics (MSP) was developed to assess students’ metarepresentational knowledge during physics problem solving.
Materials and methods. The survey was given to 288 introductory-level college physics students. Psychometric properties of the instrument, including construct validity, were evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis.
Results. We also examined students’ beliefs about the use of free-body diagrams, as well as thoroughly examined the link between students’ problem solving success and free-body diagrams.
Conclusions. We recommend the use of the MSP for physics instructors and science education researchers who want to evaluate students’ free-body diagrams. Additionally, we suggest the subject of physics can be replaced with chemistry, genetics, or another science to assess metarepresentations in other domains.
Enhancing Students’ Well-being: do Gender and Interpersonal Communication Matter?
Authors: Suwarti Suwarti , Pasca Mayang Sety Febyarna , Rahardjo Pambudi , Nuraeni Nuraeni 
Published: December 2022

Study purpose. Building social interactions is challenging due to difficulties in communicating clearly and adjusting to new learning systems. Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a significant difficulty with this. There is a need to promote student well-being because of this unfavorable situation, which undoubtedly makes it harder to achieve. This research aimed to study the effect of interpersonal communication on students’ well-being in view of their gender in students in grades X and XI at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Banyumas, Indonesia, during learning in the pandemic period.
Materials and methods. This study used the quantitative method by testing simple linear regression and t-test. The study sample comprised a total of 265 students selected using the method of proportionate stratified random sampling. The instruments in this research used the scale of student well-being with reliability of (α Cronbach = 0.835), and the scale of interpersonal communication with reliability of (α Cronbach = 0.761).
Results. The results of this study showed that 1) interpersonal communication has an effect of 20.1% on the variation of students’ well-being; 2) students’ well-being for male and female students was not significantly different. The interpersonal communication between male and female students, however, differed significantly.
Conclusions. Therefore, according to this research, it is essential to practice the skill of interpersonal communication in order to be able to improve students’ well-being.
Influencing Factors and Current Approaches to Academic Dishonesty in the Philippines during COVID-19 Pandemic: an Overview
Authors: Beruin Laurence 
Published: December 2022

Study purpose. As the Philippines welcomes its new school year, academic dishonesty remains a prevalent concern in the academe. To provide an overview of the situation, this review paper was developed with the goal of presenting current information about academic dishonesty through 1) identification of influencing factors and 2) application of current approaches to academic dishonesty.
Materials and methods. Utilizing review of existing literature, this study described possible internal (laziness or procrastination, lack of proper time management, fear of failure, poor learning capability, motivation, state of mental health, self-attitude, capability, and intention) and external influencing factors (peer involvement, overwhelming academic workload, difficulty of subject/course, limited assistance of teachers, parental expectations, and use of digital technology) and current approaches to academic dishonesty (deterrence theory, rational choice theory, neutralization theory, planned behavior theory, as ignorance or confusion on teacher’s expectations, as learned behavior, and as coping strategy to stressful environment) that will serve as a reference point for researchers in investigating the extent of academic dishonesty in the country.
Results and conclusions. Similarly, findings revealed here can assist teachers, school administrators, and policymakers in crafting more effective solutions to limit or eliminate any forms of academic dishonesty within educational institutions.
Surgical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases in a hybrid operating room
Authors: Sergeev A. V. , Cherebillo V. Yu. , Savello A. V. , Chemurzieva F. A. 
Published: December 2022

Background. Surgical treatment of complex neurovascular pathology remains an important problem requiring use of a combination of various techniques. Utilization of a hybrid operating room allows to simultaneously or sequentially combine microsurgical and endovascular surgical methods which can improve treatment outcomes.Aim. To improve surgical treatment of patients with cerebrovascular pathology by utilizing the capabilities of a hybrid operating room.Materials and methods. Surgical interventions were performed in a hybrid operating room with a combination of endovascular and microsurgical methods for treating the following cerebrovascular pathologies: complex dural fistulas, complex aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations. The type of surgical intervention – hybrid, combined, staged – was chosen in accordance with the nature of the pathology.Results. In 5 years, 41 patients underwent surgery in the hybrid operating room. Among them, 33 patients had arteriovenous malformations, 6 had complex aneurysms, 2 had complex dural fistulas. Combination interventions were performed in 27 patients, staged – in 12, hybrid – in 2. According to the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) the following outcomes were observed: no complications in cases of complex aneurysms (6 patients) – mRS 0 (points), as well as in cases of dural fistulas (2 patients) – mRS 0 (points); in arteriovenous malformation, 30 patients did not have any complications – mRS 0; 3 patients had complications (of different types) – mRS 1.Conclusions. The combination of microsurgical and endovascular methods of treatment in a hybrid operating room allows to combine the positive features of the two methods in accordance with surgical needs which improves the outcomes of neurosurgical interventions in complex neurovascular pathology.