bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pressure and turbulence intensity on the heat flux during flame wall interaction (FWI)
Authors: Padhiary Abhijit , Pilla Guillaume , Sotton Julien , Bellenoue Marc 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Combustion applications such as IC engines are a major source of power generation. Renewable alternative fuels like hydrogen, ammonia and efuels promise potential of combustion in future power applications. Most power applications encounter flame wall interaction (FWI) during which high heat losses occur. Investigating heat loss during FWI has potential to identify parameters that could lead to decreasing heat losses and possibly increasing the efficiency of combustion applications. In this work, study of FWI in a constant volume chamber (CVC) at high pressure in both laminar and turbulent conditions is presented. High speed surface temperature measurement using thin junction thermocouples coupled with high-speed flow field characterization using particle image velocimetry (PIV) are used simultaneously to investigate the effect of pressure during FWI (Pint) and turbulence intensity (q) on the heat flux peak (QP). In laminar combustion regimes it is found that QP is proportional to Pint0.35. The increase in q is shown to affect both Pint and QP. Finally, comparing QP vs Pint for both laminar and turbulent combustion regimes, it is found that increase in q leads to increase in QP which is highly pronounced at high Pint.
Analysis of factors influencing fall risk among elderly people in rural of China
Authors: Zhao Yaodong , Xie Dan , Zhang Chi , Wang Haibo , Zhang Beibei , Liu Song , Li Min , Chen Guimei , Ding Hong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Falls can cause serious health problems in the elderly. China is gradually entering a moderately aging society. In rural areas of China, the elderly are at a higher risk of falling.
Methods
M County, Anhui Province, China was selected as the survey site by the typical field sampling method, and the elderly people in rural areas were selected as the research objects. A total of 1187 people were investigated. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression was used for multivariate analysis.
Results
Chronic diseases, number of chronic diseases, daily living ability, mental health, working status and family doctors are the factors that influence falls among elderly people in rural areas of China (P<0.05, Adjusted R2=0.395).
Conclusion
The falls risk of the elderly in rural areas of China is influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the fall risk by comprehensively evaluating the influencing factors.
Gender Wage Gap and Male Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Hans Zainab , Belzer Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Given the fact that child abuse and intimate partner violence often co-occur, intra-household bargaining models provide a useful framework to investigate the relationship between macro-economic factors and child sexual abuse (CSA). Non-cooperative bargaining models predict that labor market opportunities that benefit women improve their bargaining power and lead to lower levels of intimate partner violence against them. We posit that this protective effect extends to children as well, and exploit exogenous variation in macro-economic factors to examine the impact of gender specific wages and employment on police reported CSA in South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia from 2006 to 2019. The empirical analysis provides evidence that narrowing the gender wage gap leads to a decline in police reported CSA incidents perpetrated by mothers’ intimate partners, whereas improvements in relative employment opportunities do not yield any such effects. Consistent with previous literature, our results show that wages, not employment, determine bargaining power. The findings also underscore important spillover benefits of policy solutions directed towards narrowing the gender wage gap.
JEL Classification: J13, J12, I10
A Simple but Universal Fully Linearized ADMM Algorithm for Optimization Based Image Reconstruction
Authors: Qiao Zhiwei , Redler Gage , Epel Boris , Halpern Howard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective: Optimization based image reconstruction algorithm is an advanced algorithm in medical imaging. However, the corresponding solving algorithm is challenging because the optimization model is usually large-scale and non-smooth. This work aims to devise a simple but universal solver for optimization models.
Methods: The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is a simple and effective solver of the optimization models. However, there always exists a sub-problem that has not closed-form solution. One may use gradient descent algorithm to solve this sub-problem, but the step-size selection via line search is time-consuming. Or, one may use fast Fourier transform (FFT) to get a closed-form solution if the system matrix and the sparse transform matrix are both of special structure. In this work, we propose a simple but universal fully linearized ADMM (FL-ADMM) algorithm that avoids line search to determine step-size and applies to system matrix and sparse transform of any structures.
Results: We derive the FL-ADMM algorithm instances for three total variation (TV) models in 2D computed tomography (CT). Further, we validate and evaluate one FL-ADMM algorithm and explore how the two important factors impact convergence rate. Also, we compare this algorithm with the Chambolle-Pock algorithm via real CT phantom reconstructions. These studies show that the FL-ADMM algorithm may accurately solve optimization models in image reconstruction.
Conclusion: The FL-ADMM algorithm is a simple, effective, convergent and universal solver of optimization models in image reconstruction. Compared to the existing ADMM algorithms, the new algorithm does not need time-consuming step-size line-search or special demand to system matrix and sparse transform. It is a rapid prototyping tool for optimization based image reconstruction.
The development of the PAOLI (People with Aphasia and Other Layperson Involvement) guideline for reporting Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in aphasia research
Authors: Charalambous Marina , Kountouri Alexia , Schwyter Jürg Rainer , Annoni Jean-Marie , Kambanaros Maria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in aphasia research obliges researchers to include people with aphasia (PWA) as research partners from the beginning of the study. Yet the quality of reporting on the level and type of involvement is poorly documented in the absence of a guideline to document contribution. This study aimed to extract the items and statements relevant for the development of the People with Aphasia and Other Layperson Involvement (PAOLI) reporting guideline, in collaboration with people with aphasia.
Method: The EQUATOR method for developing a reporting guideline was followed. This involved: (1) evidence from a scoping review, (2) a thematic analysis of the in-depth interviews, of people with stroke and aphasia, on the topics to be included in the pilot draft, (3) a two round Delphi survey for item/statement selection and (4) an experts’ consensus meeting. The research team involved two PPI partners with chronic stroke-induced aphasia. The research process involved co-design and was informed by the Dialogue model.
Results: Twenty-three participants, from 13 countries, voted in round one with 87% (20/23) responding in round two. The PAOLI guideline includes 17 items (with 66 descriptive statements) on how to: establish collaborations, recruit patients, gain informed consent, organize induction meetings, train patient partners, create communication links, engage communication partners, conceptualize topics, establish research priorities, reach consensus, work with co-design methods, develop proposals, assist with dissemination of results, promote implementation of the outcomes, support patient partners and promote self-evaluation, monitor progress and assess impact of the patient involvement. These items were considered by the participants as the most important for the involvement of people with aphasia as research partners.
Conclusion: The PAOLI is the first international consensus guideline for reporting patient involvement in aphasia research. Researchers are encouraged to adopt the reporting guideline to improve the quality of their research by documenting the meaningful involvement of people with aphasia within the research team from the start.
Evaluation of high elevation afforestations
Authors: Grätz Tina , Vospernik Sonja , Scheidl Christian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
High elevation afforestations provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly protection against natural hazards, compared to technical measures. In Austria, more than 3,000 high elevation afforestation sites covering 9,000 ha have been established between 1906 and 2017, mainly for avalanche protection. The actual protective effect depends on predisposing factors and landcover, i.e. whether forest is present. In this study predisposing factors and landcover classes were identified and analysed in selected afforestation sites. The protective effect of forest was attributed to the presence of forest cover and tree species. Using RGB images with a ground resolution of 20 x 20 cm, nine landcover categories have been distinguished by means of supervised classification with the random forest algorithm. Those landcover categories were classified with an overall accuracy of 0.87–0.98 and Kappa-values, ranging between 0.81–0.93. Images were filtered using a 3 pixel by 3 pixel majority filter, which further increased the overall accuracy by removing noise pixels while preserving the fine elements of the orthoimage. Our results indicate a positive performance for about half of the analysed afforestation sites. The dominance of the land use class “Meadow” at most sites with a negative protection performance, suggests grassing as a limiting factor. The spatial information provided with the described method allows to identify critical areas in terms of avalanche protection even years after the initial afforestation.
The association of STAT4 single nucleotide polymorphisms with thrombotic manifestations in a cohort of patients with autoimmune diseases and antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Celińska-Löwenhoff Magdalena , Iwaniec Teresa , Dziedzina Sylwia , Kaczor Marcin , Pastuszczak Maciej , Dropiński Jerzy , Sanak Marek , Musiał Jacek 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective To assess the association of genetic polymorphisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 with thrombotic manifestations in patients with autoimmune diseases, including antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).Methods A group of 395 adult, non-related patients (331 women and 64 men) with autoimmune diseases and 150 healthy control subjects were genotyped for 4 STAT4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs7574865, rs10181656, rs7582694 and rs11684030. The risk alleles associations with antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) and the occurrence of thrombotic events were then analysed in the group of patients.Results Among 395 patients almost half were diagnosed with APS: 97 with primary (PAPS) and 83 with secondary (SAPS). Differences in frequencies of the risk alleles for the following 3 SNPs: G/C rs7582694, rs10181656 C/G, and rs7574865 G/T were stronger associated with APS than with systemic lupus erythematosus or other autoimmune diseases. All 3 SNPs were associated with prothrombotic, triple positive APLA profile: OR = 1.68 (1.04 to 2.70, 95% CI), p = 0.032; OR = 1.61 (1.1 to 2.59, 95% CI), p = 0.048; and OR = 1.61 (1.0 to 2.59, 95% CI), p = 0.048; respectively. The association of the 2 STAT4 risk alleles, i.e., SNP rs7582694 (C) and rs10181656 (G) was stronger for venous thromboembolism: OR = 1.6 (1.1 to 2.5, 95% CI), p = 0.03 and OR = 1.5 (1.1 to 2.5, 95% CI), p = 0.02; respectively.Conclusions SNPs in the STAT4 gene, i.e., rs7582694(C), rs1018165(G), and rs7574865(T) are associated with venous thromboembolic events in autoimmune disease patients, therefore they might identify subjects at risk of venous thromboembolism.
Anomaly pathway activities and transcriptome burden reveal cellular plasticity of human cancer
Authors: Sh Yuan , Yang Zhimin , Hu Zhiyuan , Zhang Xiuli 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: It is now widely acknowledged that the adaptive evolutionary process of cancer cells is characterized by genomic and epigenetic alterations. Nevertheless, the extreme heterogeneity of cancer cells and the extreme sparsity of scRNA-seq data limited the understanding of cancer cell reconfiguration of anomaly pathway activity and adaptive evolution under selection pressure.
Methods: We collected a total of 7,955 tumor samples, including 32 common human cancer types as the training set. Five sets of scRNA-seq data from different studies covering 5 different cancer types were used as the validation set.
Results: In this study, we used a contrastive learning approach to analyze scRNA-seq data and developed a sceAPA model to determine the spatial mapping correlation between RNA features and genomic variation-associated anomaly pathway activities in cancer. The dynamic transcriptional profile revealed by scRNA-seq reflects how cancer cells reconfigure their transcriptome pattern and develop various APA patterns in response to selective pressure to gain an evolutionary advantage. We found that the plasticity of human cancer was negatively related to the transcriptome burden, and increasing transcriptome burden was associated with more chaotic APA patterns.
Conclusions: Our study shows that cancer cells possess greater plasticity by reprogramming immune-associated transcript patterns, thereby conferring greater resistance to selection pressure. The plasticity of cancer cells is closely related to adaptive evolution, drug resistance, distant metastasis, and immune escape.
From Zygotic to Somatic Embryogenesis: A Difficult Task for Pinus Sylvestris L. Biotechnological Propagation
Authors: Ershova Maria , Ignatenko Roman , Chirva Olga 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Data on the development of the Pinus sylvestris zygotic embryos collected from trees of different ages, growing in the territory of southern Karelia (the 1st order Petrozavodsk Seed Orchard, progeny trial in the Manga village, Petrozavodsk Park) are presented. It was found that fertilization and further formation of zygotic embryos occurred faster in trees that grew in the park, which is possibly due to the microclimatic conditions formed in the urban environment. The in vitro culturing of 1022 megagametophytes containing immature embryos on DCR nutrient medium has showed that explants collected from 40 years old clones of plus trees on the Petrozavodsk SO extruded (8.06 ± 1.33%) and formed callus (0.65 ± 0.32%) more actively, than explants from younger trees (10–20 years old) both from the park and the progeny trial. It was revealed that megagametophytes containing zygotic embryos at the stage of cleavage polyembryony were the most responsive explants for the somatic embryogenesis initiation. Nevertheless explants with zygotic embryos at globular and precotyledonary stages also formed callus. One of the reasons for the failure of P. sylvestris somatic embryogenesis initiation appeared to be the developmental pathology which led to absence of formed zygotic embryo within the megagametophyte.
Measurement and modelling of speed of sound in binary mixtures of methyl oleate with n-hexane or n-decane under pressure
Authors: Daridon Jean-Luc , Bazile Jean-Patrick , Nasri Djamel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, the speeds of sound were measured in binary liquid mixtures of methyl oleate and either n-hexane or n-decane at temperature T = 303.15 K and pressures ranging from 0.1 to 70 MPa. The data obtained from these measurements were used to calculate the excess speed of sound for these mixtures. The speed of sound molecular weight product, raised to a constant power γ was also calculated and represented as a function of molar percentage. This was done in order to determine a simple combining rule for representing the speed of sound of mixtures composed of n-alkanes and fatty acid alkyl esters.
Modelling multiple seasonalities with ARIMA: Forecasting Madrid NO2 hourly pollution levels
Authors: Avila Matias Luis , Alonso Andres M. , Peña Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Multiple seasonalities often appear in high-frequency data. In this context multiple seasonal components are usually modelled in a deterministic way by trigonometric functions or dummy variables. This assumption may be too strict. Instead, a more flexible model is to allow the seasonality to slowly change as a seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model, where the seasonality is modelled as a stochastic processes. In this study, we propose to model them iteratively, combining different seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models. To this end, we test the proposed methodology with Madrid's NO2 hourly measurements of pollutants with daily, weekly and annual seasonalities, due to human activity and weather conditions. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by comparing it with other methodological approaches proposed for this type of data. In an extensive exercise involving 15-year hourly forecasts, we show that the proposed procedure performs very well in predicting hourly pollution over a 24-h horizon and improves on alternative procedures. Additionally, the impact on the predictions of covariates such as wind speed, temperature and festivities were evaluated.
The influence of a digital clinical reasoning test on medical student learning behavior during clinical clerkships
Authors: Ruczynski Larissa IA , Schouwenberg Bas JJW , Custers Eugène , Fluit Cornelia RMG , de Pol Marjolein HJ van 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, we developed a new digital clinical reasoning test (DCRT) to evaluate students’ clinical-reasoning skills. Although an assessment tool may be soundly constructed, it may still prove inadequate in practice by failing to function as intended. Therefore, more insight is needed into the effects of the DCRT in practice.MATERIALS & METHODS Individual semi-structured interviews and template analysis were used to collect and process qualitative data. The template, based on the interview guide, contained six themes: (1) DCRT itself, (2) test debriefing, (3) reflection, (4) practice/workplace, (5) DCRT versus practice and (6) ‘other’.RESULTS Thirteen students were interviewed. The DCRT evaluates the students’ clinical-reasoning skills adequately using six different question types. Students use the implicit and explicit feedback the DCRT provides for the improvement of their clinical-reasoning learning practice. By doing so, they show behavior consistent with self-directed learning and lifelong learning. Among other things, the DCRT encourages them to engage more in formal education and workplace-learning during their clerkships. Although the faculty emphasizes the different purposes of the DCRT (assessment of/for/as learning), students predominantly perceive the DCRT as an assessment solely of learning.CONCLUSION The implementation of a DCRT leads to successful stimulation of learning and practicing clinical-reasoning skills in the workplace.
Influence of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles in the Enhancement of Electrochemical Properties of Binary Polymer Nanocomposite PTh-nAg2O
Authors: K Meenatchi G , G Velraj 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, a chemical oxidation polymerization method was used to create polythiophene. A binary polymer nanocomposite (PTh-nAg2O) was prepared by mechanically mixing polythiophene with silver oxide nanopowder. The Functional groups, bandgap energy, morphology and elemental composition of the sample were analyzed using FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM and EDX, respectively. At room temperature, the A.C. electrical conductivity was measured using a two-probe experimental setup in with a frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz. Compared to polymer, the conductivity of the binary polymer nanocomposites improved by two orders of magnitude. Electrochemical experiments revealed that the binary polymer nanocomposite PTh-nAg2O has a maximum specific capacitance of 725 F/g at 10 mV/s. The EIS measurements revealed Nyquist plots, indicating that the polymer nanocomposite exhibits ideal capacitive behaviour.
Experimental investigation on the dynamic response of rock with different brittleness under coupled static-dynamic compression
Authors: Sun Bo , Ren Fuqiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Deeply understanding the failure characteristics of brittle rock under the combined action of static geo-stress and dynamic disturbance is is crucial for the assessment of deep underground rock structure stability. In this study, the dynamic response characteristics of rocks with different brittleness under coupled static-dynamic loads, are investigated using the Splitting Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) impact tests on granite, green sandstone, and red sandstone. The influence of brittleness index(Bd) on stress-strain, dynamic strength, energy absorption, and failure characteristics under different axial pre-stress (APS) was analyzed. The results show that all the stress-strain curves appear to strain rebound, and the rebound deformation of the red sandstone (with the smallest Bd) is the smallest. With a rise in APS, the dynamic strength increases, then falls, and achieves its maximum when the pre-stress is 30% of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). In addition, the energy absorption density (ηa) and the energy utilization efficiency (Ka) both show a trend of first increasing, and then decreasing as the APS increases, and the higher the Bd, the greater ηa, and the smaller Ka. Furthermore, when the APS is greater than 0.3 UCS, the crack propagation velocity (CPV) increases with the increase of APS, and the CPV is directly proportional to Bd. At 0.7 UCS, the fractal dimension of the fragments after failure reaches the maximum, indicating a more uniform distribution of fragment size.
A vault-prediction formula for implantable collamer lens based on preoperative parameters: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Hui , Wu Minhui , He Runzhang , Nong Yating , Zou Zongyin , Zhang Chun , Zhou Sheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to predict the vault of implantable collamer lens (ICL) using a formula established based on the preoperative parameters.
Methods: This retrospective study included data on 226 eyes from 114 patients(the median age and range was 27.5±5.7; 18-46 years) who underwent EVO-ICL surgery between May 2021 and April 2022. Preoperative parameters, such as anterior chamber depth (ACD) horizontal angle-to-angle diameter (ATA), Crystalline lens rise (CLR), and vault (1 week after surgery) were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The axial length of eyes (AL) and white-to-white (WTW) values were measured using an IOLmaster and calipers under a slit lamp separately.
Result: The mean WTW, ACD, horizontal ATA diameter, CLR, AL, and vault 1 week after surgery were 11.42±0.37 mm, 3.25±0.25 mm, 11.72±0.44 mm, 45.78±175.42 μm, 27.61±1.93 mm, and 586.51±254.54 μm respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the ICL-width, ACD (β=0.293), ATA (β =-0.657), CLR (β =-0.157), and the anterior chamber angle in temporal side (T:ACA) (β=-0.277) were predictors of the vault size (adjusted-R2=0.39, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The formula built based on these preoperative parameters could be used to predict the vault before surgery. The present study showed that several preoperative parameters that may seem to be of less importance, such as CLR and T:ACA, should be taken into account when choosing the optimal ICL.