bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thromboembolic Disorder in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Lee Shawn , Gunderson Joseph , Mushtaq Raza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with over 600 million cases identified. In
addition to extensive pulmonary complications of COVID-19, one feature unique to many patients
with severe COVID-19 infections is coagulopathy with a rising prevalence of multi-systemic thromboembolic
manifestations. Global data suggests a relationship between coagulopathy and mortality. In
this review, we highlight multiple COVID-19 thromboembolic complications with emphasis on pathophysiology,
clinical management, and radiological manifestations.
Effect of Hybrid Compounds of Stilbene and Pentadienone on Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization
Authors: Park Jihyun , Koh Dongsoo , Lee Young Han , Lim Yoongho , Shin Soon Young 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:Tubulin polymerization inhibitors induce cancer cell death; therefore, they can be developed as chemotherapeutic agents. We hypothesized that hybrid compounds, including the trans-stilbene moiety contained in resveratrol and penta-1,4-dien-3-one contained in curcumin, could inhibit tubulin polymerization.Methods:Twenty-six hybrid stilbene and pentadienone compounds were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxicity of the hybrid compounds against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was determined using a clonogenic long-term survival assay. The relationship between cytotoxicity and structural properties was evaluated. Biological activities, including inhibition of tubulin polymerization and cell cycle progression, were investigated to select compounds with excellent anticancer properties. The molecular binding mode between the selected compound and the α,β-tubulin dimers was investigated.Results:Twenty-six hybrid stilbene and pentadienone compounds were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 13 exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells. Compound 13 induced the destabilization of tubulins and inhibited cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. Through in silico molecular docking analysis, compound 13 was predicted to bind to the colchicine binding site of α, β-tubulin.Conclusion:The stilbene and pentadienone hybrid compound 13 has a binding mode similar to that of colchicine. Compound 13 inhibited the clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells through a mechanism that destabilizes tubulin polymerization, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
Neurosensory Alterations and Interleukins Cascade in SARS-CoV-2
Infection - Results from a Retrospective Cohort of COVID-19 Inpatients
Authors: Pia  Cazzolla Angela , Santacroce Luigi , Lovero Roberto , Brescia Vincenzo , Ciavarella Domenico , Spirito Francesca , Colella Marica , Bilancia Massimo , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Di Serio Francesca 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to relate IL-6 and IL-1β serum levels with the severity
of olfactory disorders and with the type of unperceived odors.

Methods:
82 inpatients (45 men aged 62.3 ± 14.2 and 37 women aged 57.1 ± 12.8) with only smell
dysfunctions were divided into two groups. The evaluation of the smell disorder was carried out with
a questionnaire to define which sensitivity is most compromised in COVID-19 patients. Cytokine
levels were measured with chemiluminescence and ELISA assay. Statistical analyses were performed
with the Wilcoxon Rank test, Welch's T-test, and Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05).

Results:
Statistically significant differences in IL-6 and IL-1 β levels were found in moderate disease
patients when there was an impairment of trigeminal sensitivity (p <0.05) and trigeminal and olfactory
sensitivity.

Conclusions:
The results obtained showed that in COVID-19 patients the impairment of trigeminal
sensitivity in association with olfactory sensitivity was more prevalent in moderate than in mild
forms.
Photodynamic and Anti-VEGF Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy - ‘Real World’ Outcomes in a Caucasian Population
Authors: Gilmour Kenneth M. , Young David , Jamison Aaron , Precup Monica , Gilmour David F. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is significantly higher amongst Asian populations compared to Caucasian, and evidence regarding the clinical outcomes of Caucasian patients is limited.

Objective:
This retrospective study sought to investigate real-world clinical outcomes of Caucasian PCV patients treated with polypoidal verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with anti-VEGF therapy up to 36 months post-treatment.

Methods:
Consecutive PCV patients who received PDT between 2011 and 2017 were included. Mean change in visual acuity (VA) measured by ETDRS letter score and mean change in central subfield thickness (CST) were the main outcome measures. Data were collected at baseline, 3, 12, 24 and 36 months. Regression analyses were carried out on pre-treatment clinical features to determine if there were any factors associated with a good visual outcome (better than or equal to 70 ETDRS letters at 12 months).

Results:
Seventy six patients (96% Caucasian) and seventy eight eyes were included in the analysis. Mean change in VA was -1, -4, and 0 ETDRS letters at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. CST was reduced by a mean of -51, -54, and -55 microns at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Better pre-treatment VA was the only pre-treatment clinical feature associated with a good visual outcome at 12 months (OR 1.16, p<0.001).

Conclusion:
PDT, in combination with anti-VEGF therapy, maintains VA and may reduce the anti-VEGF therapy burden in Caucasian patients with PCV. Better pre-treatment VA is associated with a good visual outcome.
Numerical Analysis of Residual Stresses Effect in Multi-materials
Authors: Ramdoum Sara 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In this study, the effect of mechanical and physical properties of the
metal and temperature is highlighted. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of these
stresses on multi-materials. This work aimed to conduct a three-dimensional numerical study by
the finite element method on the levels and distributions of the stresses in the
Al2O3/NI/HAYNES multi-materials. These stresses of thermal and mechanical origin are generally
detrimental to the service life of multi-material.

Methods:
The use of numerical resolution by finite element method is the most suitable for complex
mechanical problems. It allows a more in-depth analysis of all points of the structure. In this
study, a fundamental tool was constructed to resolve the mechanical behavior of materials subjected
to complex solicitations. Therefore, the ABAQUS calculation code version 6.14 was used
to analyze the residual stresses.

Results:
By interpreting the results in terms of stress variation, we identified the areas at risk; in
particular, the nature of a joint effect plays a decisive role in the assembly of the right material in
its mechanical resistance. This nature is defined in terms of stiffness (Young's modulus) and differential
expansion (coefficient of thermal expansion).

Conclusion:
The presence of strong residual stresses can constitute a risk of damage to several materials.
The difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the two materials (metal and ceramic)
linked together induces, in these two constituents, normal internal stresses. This difference determines
the level and distribution of these constraints. Moreover, the sign of this difference determines
the state of the normal stresses.
A National Physician Survey of Deintensifying Diabetes Medications for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pilla Scott J. , Jalalzai Rabia , Tang Olive , Schoenborn Nancy L. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Golden Sherita H. , Mathioudakis Nestoras N. , Maruthur Nisa M. 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
To determine physicians’ approach to deintensifying (reducing/stopping) or switching hypoglycemia-causing medications for older adults with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this national survey, U.S. physicians in general medicine, geriatrics, or endocrinology reported changes they would make to hypoglycemia-causing medications for older adults in three scenarios: good health, HbA1c of 6.3%; complex health, HbA1c of 7.3%; and poor health, HbA1c of 7.7%.

RESULTS
There were 445 eligible respondents (response rate 37.5%). In patient scenarios, 48%, 4%, and 20% of physicians deintensified hypoglycemia-causing medications for patients with good, complex, and poor health, respectively. Overall, 17% of physicians switched medications without significant differences by patient health. One-half of physicians selected HbA1c targets below guideline recommendations for older adults with complex or poor health.

CONCLUSIONS
Most U.S. physicians would not deintensify or switch hypoglycemia-causing medications within guideline-recommended HbA1c targets. Physician preference for lower HbA1c targets than guidelines needs to be addressed to optimize deintensification decisions.
Noninvasive Hypoglycemia Detection in People With Diabetes Using Smartwatch Data
Authors: Lehmann Vera , Föll Simon , Maritsch Martin , van Weenen Eva , Kraus Mathias , Lagger Sophie , Odermatt Katja , Albrecht Caroline , Fleisch Elgar , Zueger Thomas , Wortmann Felix , Stettler Christoph 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
To develop a noninvasive hypoglycemia detection approach using smartwatch data.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We prospectively collected data from two wrist-worn wearables (Garmin vivoactive 4S, Empatica E4) and continuous glucose monitoring values in adults with diabetes on insulin treatment. Using these data, we developed a machine learning (ML) approach to detect hypoglycemia (&lt;3.9 mmol/L) noninvasively in unseen individuals and solely based on wearable data.

RESULTS
Twenty-two individuals were included in the final analysis (age 54.5 ± 15.2 years, HbA1c 6.9 ± 0.6%, 16 males). Hypoglycemia was detected with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 ± 0.07 solely based on wearable data. Feature analysis revealed that the ML model associated increased heart rate, decreased heart rate variability, and increased tonic electrodermal activity with hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
Our approach may allow for noninvasive hypoglycemia detection using wearables in people with diabetes and thus complement existing methods for hypoglycemia detection and warning.
Teaching and learning with innovative technologies and practices at primary school level.
Authors: Washbrooke Sarah 
Published: February 2023

The introduction of computer science to primary schooling age is relatively new, as traditionally it was primarily set aside for secondary and tertiary level learning (Heintz et al., 2016). Experts agree that even young children can understand fundamental concepts of computational thinking (CT), and that it is important to develop skills related to CT from a young age (Boccini et. al, 2016, p.48).

Increasingly computer science is becoming a compulsory area of curriculum for many countries across the world, as reported by Bocconi et al. and there has been a recent increase in the integration of CT and computer science in mandatory education, as evidenced by the recent changes in educational curricula (p9., 2016). In New Zealand, the Technology curriculum was recently refreshed with the main revisions being the addition of CT and designing and developing digital outcomes as technological areas (Ministry of Education, 2017a). The intention of digital technologies curriculum content is to “significantly contribute to students developing the knowledge and skill they need as digital citizens and as users of digital technologies across the curriculum” (Ministry of Education, 2017b, p.3).

There is also an expectation that all teachers are responsible for building capacity in digital fluency and literacy. It is the teacher's responsibility to effectively use these tools, and to in turn educate students on how to take advantage of these tools for their learning (Wright, 2010, p.46). The main rationale for introducing CT in many countries is to promote the development of 21st century skills necessary for full engagement in the digital realm (Bocconi et al., 2016, p.8).

ByteEd, a New Zealand based educational resource company, have recently developed a new approach to the teaching of computer science at a primary school level that incorporates 21st century skill development. The Play Code Learn series of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) kits utilise an unplugged-to-digital methodology and explore future-focused technologies of Augmented Reality (AR) and programming.

Based on the research of Bell and Vahrenhold (2018), who state unplugged activities for students engage them with lasting ideas in computer science. Integrating physical digital tasks along with unplugged tasks proves to be more beneficial for learning. The kits enable students to learn and understand digital concepts before transitioning to putting skills and knowledge into action in a digital environment.

This presentation delves into the impact of the first Play Code Learn kit, Dinosaur Steps, on teaching and learning in two New Zealand classrooms. The use of an unplugged approach has proven to be advantageous to learners and highlights a significant shift in knowledge retention and the understanding of concepts, skills and literacy after using the Dinosaur Steps kit and related teaching resources during Term 4 2022.
Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in combat sports practitioners
Authors: Sobieraj Tomasz , Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Wit Andrzej 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the type of combat sport and the degree of athletic proficiency on the specificity of musculoskeletal injuries suffered by Muay Thai and Mixed Martial Arts practitioners.

Material and methods: The study involved 64 practitioners of two combat sports, MT (age 26.9 ± 8.1, experience 7.4 ± 5.8 years) or MMA (age 26.2 ± 6.4 years, experience 6.6 ± 4.1 years). The research was conducted using a Google Forms survey.

Results: The groups did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) in terms of risk of injury (average 3.1 in MT, 2.6 in MMA). Injuries (mainly fractures 21% and 7% of practitioners) affected the lower limb (44% and 33% practitioners) and were significantly higher in MT, p < 0.05. There were significant (p < 0.05) correlations between training experience and the number of training hours per week compared to the frequency and severity of injuries in both groups.

Conclusion: Injuries to athletes who mainly use striking techniques are more common in the lower limbs and they are more likely to be fractures. Longer training experience, more training hours and a higher level of athletic proficiency significantly increase the risk of injuries and their severity among people practicing both types of combat sports.
Assessment of selected immunological parameters in dairy cows with naturally occurring mycotoxicosis before and after the application of a mycotoxin deactivator
Authors: Brodzki Piotr , Marczuk Jan , Lisiecka Urszula , Krakowski Leszek , Szczubiał Marek , Dąbrowski Roman , Bochniarz Mariola , Kulpa Katarzyna , Brodzki Nikodem , Wolniaczyk Karolina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Mycotoxins in dairy cows can cause many non-specific symptoms often resulting from immune system overreaction. The study assessed the concentration of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins (APP) in cows with natural mycotoxicosis before and after using a mycotoxin neutraliser. The cytokines were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the APP were serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp).

Material and Methods
The research was carried out on an experimental group (Exp) of 10 herdmate Holstein-Friesian cows with mycotoxicosis. The control group (Con) was 10 healthy cows of the same breed from a different herd. Cows in the Exp group were administered the mycotoxin deactivator Mycofix for three months. Blood was drawn from Exp cows once before administering Mycofix and a second time after three months of its use. Blood was also drawn from Con cows at the same times. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, SAA and Hp were assessed using ELISA.

Results
The concentrations of all cytokines and Hp in Exp cows were higher before treatment (P < 0.001) than those in Con cows. After three months of administering Mycofix, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than their pre-treatment levels (P < 0.001). The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and Hp were still significantly higher than those in the Con group (P < 0.001). In cows with mycotoxicosis, simultaneous stimulation of antagonistic processes was noted: a pro-inflammatory process in the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-inflammatory one in the upregulation of IL-10.

Conclusion
Despite the absorbent’s use and the resolution of clinical symptoms in Exp cows, high levels of IL-10 and Hp and IL-6 were maintained. Assessment of the level of cytokines and APP appears to be a useful and precise tool for the evaluation and application of the appropriate dose of the mycotoxin absorbent or the evaluation of its effectiveness.
Histopatologi Hati Tikus yang Terpapar Logam Berat Timbal
Authors: Karina Elisabeth , Berata I Ketut , Setiasih Ni Luh Eka 
Published: February 2023

Timbal merupakan salah satu bahan pencemar udara yang sangat berbahaya. Toksisitas logam berat Pb dapat menimbulkan dampak yang berat, salah satunya pada organ hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui histopatologi hati pada tikus yang terpapar logam berat timbal dengan dosis yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih jantan dengan strain Wistar, umur 2 bulan dan berat badan 250-300 g. Tikus yang digunakan 20 ekor dibagi atas empat kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol (P0), Pb asetat 0,5 ppm (P1), Pb asetat 1,0 ppm (P2), dan Pb asetat 2,0 ppm (P3) selama 30 hari. Pada hari ke 31 dilakukan nekropsi lalu organ hati diambil dan dimasukkan ke dalam netral buffer formalin 10%. Setelah organ hati difiksasi, dilakukan pembuatan preparat histopatologi menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoksilin dan Eosin. Pemeriksaan histopatologi dilakukan meliputi tiga variabel lesi yaitu kongesti, degenerasi melemak, dan nekrosis. Tingkat keparahan lesi tersebut dibuat skoring yaitu 0, 1, 2 dan 3 masing-masing apabila normal, lesi ringan, sedang dan berat. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji non parametik Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian logam timbal dengan kandungan 0,5 ppm, 1,0 ppm, dan 2,0 ppm menyebabkan lesi histopatologi hati tikus berupa kongesti dan nekrosis yang signifikan dibandingkan kontrol, kecuali lesi degenerasi melemak.
Evaluation of CO2enhanced oil recovery and CO2storage potential in oil reservoirs of petroliferous sedimentary basin, China
Authors: Wang Peng-Tao , Wu Xi , Ge Gangke , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Mao , Wang Feiyin , Zhang Yang , Wang Haifeng , Zheng Yan 
Published: February 2023

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology has emerged as the bottom-line technology for achieving carbon neutrality goals in China. The development of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2-EOR) not only increases revenue for high-investment CCUS projects but also enables permanent CO2storage in the oil reservoir. However, the basin is used as the research object to evaluate the CO2storage potential of the oil reservoir. The evaluation results are inaccurate and unable to support the implementation of later CCUS projects. Here, more accurate oil reservoir data is employed as the evaluation object. It is the first time at the national level to screen oil reservoirs to distinguish between CO2miscible and immiscible, and evaluate the potential of CO2-EOR and CO2storage in the reservoir. The research results show a total of 2570 suitable oil reservoirs in 4386 candidate oil reservoirs nationwide. About 1.26 billion tons of additional crude oil can be produced by CO2-EOR technology. This includes approximately 580 million tons of additional oil from CO2miscible flooding and 680 million tons from CO2immiscible flooding. The study further refines the CO2geological utilization data and provides a theoretical basis for CCUS project site selection in China.
Loss of interest for training in paediatric surgery in India
Authors: MAHALIK SANTOSH KUMAR , PATI AKASH BIHARI , DAS KANISHKA 
Published: February 2023

Background
Despite the sizeable Indian paediatric population, few students have opted for postdoctoral (Magister Chirurgiae [MCh]/Diplomate of the National Board of Examinations [DNB]) courses in the past decade. We analyse the apparent loss of interest for training in paediatric surgery in India and suggest remedies.

Methods
We did a combination of an online questionnaire-based survey and several interviews among students, teachers and practitioners of paediatric surgery. The results were collated and analysed.

Results
Information from 238 questionnaires, 35 interviews and 75 feedbacks were distilled. About 83% of respondents agreed to a definite loss of interest among students in paediatric surgery, largely because of poor exposure during undergraduate/postgraduate courses and absence of a department in medical colleges. The blanket increase in seats has led to vacancies. The low saleability of paediatric surgery is linked to high personnel and infrastructure investment, modest remunerative potential and poor insurance cover for patients. Besides increasing public awareness, strategic governmental patronage in postdoctoral training (e.g. establishing a department in medical colleges, moderating the number of seats, encouraging performing training centres and rationalizing the bond after the training course) and facilitation of patient care (e.g. insurance cover for congenital conditions and paediatric surgeon in neonatal care units in district hospitals) is suggested.

Conclusions
The loss of interest in paediatric surgery among medical trainees is real and urgently requires a multipronged strategy by the medical fraternity, professional organizations and regulatory bodies across government and non-governmental sectors to facilitate a revival and cater to the sick surgical child in the future.
Challenges and opportunities in providing palliative care services to children with a life-limiting illness: A systematic review
Authors: AGRAWAL UMA SHANKER , SARIN JYOTI , BAKHSHI SAMEER , GARG RAKESH 
Published: February 2023

Background
Palliative care for children is an innovative approach that helps improve the quality of life of children suffering from life-limiting illnesses, and their family members. The WHO recognized palliative care as a part of universal health coverage. However, there is inadequate availability and inequitable distribution of palliative care services for children in most parts of the world. We reviewed the existing literature to assess (i) the challenges in providing palliative care services for children suffering from life-limiting illnesses and (ii) the strategies or opportunities to overcome these challenges.

Methods
We conducted systematic searches in the PubMed and Scopus databases to find articles published in the past 10 years (January 2011 to December 2020). The population, concept and context (PCC) framework was used to devise a search strategy in an electronic database.

Results
A total of 1562 articles were found by searching the database and other sources. Title and abstracts of articles were screened, and 206 articles were selected for full-text review. After scrutiny 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. Barriers to and opportunities in the provision of palliative care services for children were identified at policy, organizational, healthcare provider, and patient/family levels.

Conclusion
We found that the majority of barriers to provision of palliative care services for children with life-limiting illnesses can be addressed by adopting research-driven strategies. Adequate and equitable distribution of palliative care services is required for improving children and their family members’ quality of life.