bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anna Kingsford
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the sixth dream journalist, Anna Kingsford. Born in 1846 to a prosperous family during the peak of the British Empire, Kingsford displayed early talents in literature and naturalistic inquiry. Despite high barriers to women attending medical school, she became a professional doctor and turned her passionate energies toward advocating for the countercultural causes of women’s rights, vegetarianism, and protecting animals against cruelty. She also pursued interests in theosophy that led her and her collaborator, Edward Maitland, to meet with many religious and spiritual authorities from around the world. Kingsford kept a dream journal from the age of twenty until her death at forty-one.
Baseline Patterns in Dream Content
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the dream journals of the seven main figures using a word-search method based on the resources of the Sleep and Dream Database (SDDb). The SDDb provides a template of forty categories of content, grouped into eight classes: Perception, Emotion, Characters, Movement, Social Interactions, Cognition, Culture, and Elements. The dreams of the seven dream journalists are analyzed in terms of this template of categories and classes of content, with their word-usage patterns presented as statistical frequencies. To provide a means of comparing and evaluating these frequencies, the SDDb also includes a set of “baselines” that constitute a large and representative set of ordinary dreams. The frequencies of word usage in the baselines can be very helpful in determining whether an individual’s dream patterns are relatively high, low, or normal compared with ordinary dreams.
Individualism
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This is the first of three chapters that look at the religious and spiritual qualities of the seven dream journalists. Here the quality of religious individualism is considered as a defining characteristic of the dream journalists. In contrast to religious communalism, which emphasizes group togetherness and shared beliefs, each of the dream journalists displayed a strong reluctance to abide by the systematic beliefs or practices of an established faith tradition, preferring instead to develop their own distinctive approaches to the divine. In this way, they illustrate the classic definition of religion in William James’s The Varieties of Religious Experience. They also illustrate the more recent categorization of religion as having a typically extrinsic, intrinsic, or quest orientation.
Conclusion
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The conclusion summarizes the findings from digital analysis, depth psychology, and religious studies as applied to the seven dream journalists. Several limitations of the book’s analysis are noted here, including the key point that not everyone who keeps a dream journal necessarily experiences any spiritual stimulation. But the evidence presented here shows that for many people, keeping a dream journal does become a source of religious insight and creative engagement with the world. In their unusual combination of the religious attributes of individualism, mysticism, and pluralism, the seven dream journalists and those like them can be characterized as “free spirits,” following a lifelong path of religious adventure that unfolds in and is illuminated by their dreams.
From the Confessional to the Ground
Authors: De Amrita 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Attending to three non-mainstream separate but conflated accounts in the Indian #MeToo continuum of confessional hashtag activism, this chapter renders visible contested strands in the recent wave of consciousness-raising articulations by focusing on individualistic representative visibility and its many exclusions. The first incident (2017), infamously recorded as “the list” in academia, deals with anonymous curation of famous male professors in liberal spaces, who were charged with varying forms of sexual abuse; the second incident (2019) deals with a viral video of a middle-aged woman from Delhi after she was filmed slut-shaming two women; the third incident (2020) focuses on the recent controversy surrounding the “bois locker room” leaked Instagram chat, which culminated in the tragic suicide of one of the accused minor boys, even as social media hashtags continued to trend. The focus of this chapter, especially in the selection of these three cases, is threefold: a meditation on the classed nature of these protests (even though they are not high-profile cases) combined with their material ramifications outside the digital space; the consequences of hashtag activism in the larger feminist movement at a time when one hashtag conflates different levels of power narratives in the single master narrative of harasser versus victim; and a reflection on the question of desire and the liberal conservatism of hashtag feminism. Finally, this chapter makes a case for reparative feminism rather than practicing a paranoid imperative to build sustained community engagement.
Hashtag Activism and #MeToo in South Africa
Authors: Mitchell Lize-Mari 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In South Africa, #MeToo has influenced social justice activism by demonstrating the potential of social media to mobilize and affect change. However, it did not manage to mobilize womxn to the same extent as in the rest of the world. In South Africa, any gender-based violence (GBV) campaign must consider the legacy of Apartheid/colonialism and womxn’s intersectional oppression and identities. This chapter explores intersectional feminism within the South African context by examining the historical, cultural, socioeconomic, and deeply violent elements of oppression that these womxn face. This exploration is then used to illustrate that the #MeToo movement, as an American, Westernized campaign, could not adequately speak to these intersections, and this was the reason for the lack of mobilization under #MeToo. The discussion further includes an examination and comparison of two South African hashtag campaigns that followed a more decolonial, intersectional approach, namely, #EndRapeCulture and #AmINext. The former will illustrate the limited reach of social media campaigns pre-#MeToo, while the latter, #AmINext, built on and eventually surpassed the reach of #MeToo. These three campaigns are compared to each other, and the author explores the similarities, differences, and the eventual influence that #MeToo had on South African womxn.
“You Are Not Alone”
Authors: Cariello Antonella 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the connections among the #MeToo movement and the Tunisian #EnaZeda and Moroccan #Masaktach movements to understand the ways in which the #MeToo experience has inspired and influenced the growth of the Northern African movements. By first analyzing the legal context and then documenting how the #Masaktach and #EnaZeda movements have started in each country, this chapter points out the similarities but also the potential of each movement to evolve and change according to the context. The unifying forces are the women’s need to claim agency and their right to safe spaces. This analysis examines how the #MeToo movement lent itself to differing regional and national contexts; these varied expressions and shapes are unified by the common need of finding a supporting community and a space for victim/survivors of violence to be heard and find justice.
Our Least Important Asset
Authors: Cappelli Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the biggest puzzles of the modern economy is why jobs have gotten worse in recent decades even as profits and share prices have steadily risen. The practices for managing employees—from hiring to training to employee involvement—have also declined in sophistication. Evidence that better management of employees improves business outcomes has been ignored. The best explanation for this development begins with financial accounting, which sets out the rules that measure success for investors. As their influence has grown, the quirkiness of those rules with respect to human capital—for example, employees cannot be assets, and training them cannot be an investment—has distorted the way we manage employees in ways that make it inefficient for businesses as well as worse for employees. This development has been aided by a steady shift over the last generation in business leaders’ views back to thinking about employee management through a 1930s’ scientific management lens, and now data science principles in which the goal is to see employees primarily as a cost to minimize rather than a resource that should be maximized. Employment costs that financial accounting measures, mainly wages and salaries, are driven down at the expense of pushing up all other costs, such as turnover, lower productivity, and the use of nonemployee workers.
The Rise of a New Industry and the Liquid Workforce
Authors: Cappelli Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the $500 billion industry of human capital vendors that arose largely in response to companies’ interest in improving their apparent value in financial accounting by cutting their employment costs as a result of shifting work to these vendors’ employees. This approach is different from outsourcing in that vendors are not necessarily taking over tasks; they are just providing the labor for the client company to perform them. The belief among many business leaders—which these vendors promote—is that businesses can also optimize and minimize the total need for workers by leasing a just-in-time workforce, which businesses can dial up and cut back whenever the need arises. The evidence suggests that the complicated set of contracts and hierarchies of subcontractors in this approach cannot be more efficient than using regular employees, even if does improve appearances in financial accounting.
Final Thoughts
Authors: Cappelli Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Looking back on the chapters that outline the contemporary experience of managing people, it is difficult not to be struck as to how much less sophisticated it is now. Many of the practices from the era of the Great Corporations may well simply be incompatible with the business world, where planning is not really possible, but the current practices seem best explained by pulling back support and funding for them and leaving it to line managers—nonexperts—and now vendors to lay them out. The fact that many of the current practices seem so clearly to be pennywise and pound foolish brings us back to the original theme: financial accounting in the current context and a different, older set of ideas about management have come to the fore. The limitations of financial accounting could be improved relatively quickly. Changes in ideas take much longer.
The Language of Democracy
Authors: Posada-Carbó Eduardo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of change over time in how people in this region talked about democracy, in what contexts and for what purposes, prefacing this with an overview of previous work in the field. Four phases of use are explored: the colonial era, when the word was mainly in academic use, though it achieved a little more currency when used to support or oppose the French Revolution; the era of revolutions and for some former colonies independence, when the word was used to characterize values and institutional arrangements but continued to carry problematic connotations of mob rule; the 1830s and early 1840s, when the word acquired partisan connotations in an era of party conflict but also began to frame more reflective analyses of the new political and social world that was emerging; and the late 1840s and 1850s, when it showed signs of becoming a more consensual term but also continued to be used for partisan purposes, including in connection with attempts to mobilize sections of the people behind reform programs.
Foundations and Fissures in British and French Caribbean Political Culture
Authors: Peters Dexnell 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that slavery in the Greater Caribbean region played a crucial part in shaping the region’s institutions and political culture; it then explores that impact, before and more briefly after abolition, in the British and French Caribbean. Both British and French institutions and practices are described. Slavery is shown to have been associated with formal and informal limits on the political rights not just of slaves but also of free people of color and free blacks. There were nonetheless some opportunities that people of color and black people, free and enslaved, could exploit, notably petitioning and associating, even when other openings were restricted. They exploited these opportunities increasingly vigorously even before emancipation; new political avenues opened that were subsequently sometimes re-narrowed. Some talk about democracy, inflected by American, French, and British usages, can be found in the early black newspaper press.
From Caste to Race
Authors: Appelbaum Nancy P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter draws on recent historiography to argue that the mobilization of a diverse population in the Age of Revolution and subsequent civil wars transformed Spanish America. Broad multiracial military and political alliances facilitated independence and the formation of new republics. These alliances led to egalitarian and inclusive constitutions, which put an end to the legally codified—though unstable and contested—caste distinctions that had structured colonial society. Nonetheless, racial tensions, discrimination, and hierarchies characterized the early nineteenth-century republics, which experimented with new forms of exclusion as well as inclusion. “Caste” gave way to new discourses of “type” and “race.” The chapter concludes with discussion of challenges posed and faced by indigenous citizens and those of African descent, with examples drawn mainly from the cases of Colombia (then known as New Granada) and Guatemala.
“Reality as We Have Felt It to Be”
Authors: Furtak Rick Anthony 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
What is ultimately vindicated in Proust’s novel is “reality as we have felt it to be”; that is, our world of experience as it has registered in our affective impressions. Accepting the truthfulness of these impressions means making an unqualified affirmation of everything that has happened. Such an affirmation cannot be based on objective warrant, but only on falling in love with an ambiguous and imperfect world, in which each of us faces the task of becoming ourselves. The magically enchanted world that Marcel has experienced at the times when he’s been in love, and the intolerably painful world that includes the deaths of beloved others, end up being vindicated as revelatory of the only kind of truth Proust’s narrator has ever known.
Phoenician Trade Associations
Authors: Demetriou Denise 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Through an examination of a series of inscriptions and material remains, this chapter reveals that Phoenician immigrants in fourth-century bce Athens and second-century bce Delos established trade associations as an adaptive strategy. Such professional associations were structured around their members’ state of origin and developed as quasi-state, semiautonomous associations. By organizing into collectives, groups of immigrants were able to pool their resources and lobby their host states for awards or petition them for special grants. Such grants bypassed restrictions normally placed on immigrants, such as the right to own land, allowing immigrants to establish sanctuaries dedicated to deities of their homeland and thereby to maintain the religious and cultural ties to their home state. Trade associations both influenced their host state’s policies and facilitated the integration of immigrants as essential members of their host societies, helping them maintain a sense of their civic identity and retain their cultural traditions. As the chapter shows, over time, these Phoenician innovations of the fourth century bce changed the fortunes of their members and transformed their host states, which incorporated these foreign associations in their political apparatus.
Managing Migration
Authors: Demetriou Denise 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Through an analysis of both bilingual and exclusively Greek inscriptions commissioned by state actors in Athens and on the islands of Delos and Kos, this chapter explores attempts by Phoenician city-states to manage as well as facilitate the migration of their mobile populations. Such inscriptions indicate that widespread mobility and migration in the region during the fourth to the second centuries bce led states to take steps to clarify the legal standing of their citizens who traveled or lived abroad through a range of diplomatic acts and dedications in religious sanctuaries. As the chapter shows, authorities of Phoenician city-states attempted to regulate mobility and migration by negotiating privileges for their citizens who lived abroad and enabling them to maintain their cultural traditions and their citizenship in their home state. At least one of their motivations seems to have been to ensure that citizens paid taxes directly to their home states. The ties between immigrants and their home states were also bolstered by immigrants living in Greek communities, whose own benefactions and contributions to Phoenician trade organizations helped sustain those long-distance relationships and boost the image of their city-states of origin.
Honors, Privileges, and Greek Migration Regimes
Authors: Demetriou Denise 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on the common Greek institution of award giving and explores its implications not only as a diplomatic tool that encouraged foreigners to engage in acts that benefited the host state but also as an essential part of Greek states’ migration and membership regimes. By granting honors to foreign individuals, Greek states simultaneously delimited the rights of immigrants and enabled a prolonged and even permanent stay by foreign-born visitors, including the Phoenicians. Those honors included monetized gifts of gold wreaths, honorific grants of proxenia and euergesia, and a wide assortment of legal awards, such as the right to own property, tax exemptions, personal and property inviolability and security during travel, the right to serve in the military with citizens, the grant of resident alien status, and the rare grant of citizenship. Through an examination of decrees honoring Phoenicians from Athens, Delos, Delphi, and Oropos, among other Greek states, the chapter shows that even as these awards encouraged mobility and migration they also defined the rights of privileged immigrants. Each time a state granted a combination of monetized, legal, or honorific awards to a foreign individual, it created a distinct social status for that foreign resident to inhabit, which could shift along a spectrum of participatory membership in a political community, making these notions more fluid.
Development
Authors: Miller Charles B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
After one or more days of growth and differentiation copepod embryos reach the nauplius larval stage, typical of crustaceans, and then hatch. Hatching, the anatomy of nauplii, the usually strict sequence of six naupliar and six copepodite stages are presented. Anatomical complexity advances with each molt, allowing ecologists to follow generational development in field situations. Most free-living copepods exhibit accelerating growth rates stage-by-stage, implying a premium on getting large fast. Data are presented demonstrating that. A bio of ocean ecologist Catherine Johnson considers her work on the cycling of molting hormones during late copepodite stages. Aspects of molting covered include production of larger new exoskeletons, setal eruption, opal tooth formation and actual shedding of old skins.
Egg Diapause
Authors: Miller Charles B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Copepod species in the family Diaptomidae, also some Centropagidae and Pontellidae, produce two kinds of eggs, depending upon conditions: subitaneous eggs hatching after immediate development and resting eggs hatching only after conditions change to again favor full development. For Diaptomus species living in and “disappearing” from lakes, this was discovered by 1902. Shifts between subitaneous and resting eggs were only shown to explain summer vs. winter species-identity changes of coastal Acartia in the early 1970s. Credit goes to Edward Zillioux, subject of a brief bio. A parallel and independent discovery of resting eggs in Asian copepods was extended in detail by Shinichi Uye, whose career is traced. Details for cycling of Acartia species in an Oregon estuary were added by J. Kenneth Johnson, subject of a bio. Temperatures dropping below 15°C in autumn shift Acartia californiensis from subtaneous to resting eggs, with a period in the cold needed to prepare those for development. Ken documented the cycling of copepodite age-structure resulting from bursts of nauplii when resting eggs hatch in the field. Shifting to resting eggs in spring by Acartia hudsonica on the U.S. East Coast, to avoid warm season temperatures, was shown by Barbara Sullivan (Chapter 2) and Liana McManus.
Teaching Medicine
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Time constraints, complex patients, and the involvement of multiple disciplines in the care of patients have necessitated changes in how medical education is delivered on the wards of teaching hospitals. Unlike prior research into medical training, this project focused on the context in which learning happens, and the authors designated the team as the focus of their research. The authors spent time with 18 outstanding attendings and their teams in order to provide a detailed, multi-perspective description of the specific strategies, methods, and even language that the attendings use to teach their learners not only about medicine but also about how to care for patients.
Unique Individuals, Shared Qualities
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Most of the attendings in this study are hospitalists, specializing in the care of patients within the acute care hospital. Hospital Medicine is history’s fastest growing medical specialty. The hospitalist movement is a key element in the transformation of American hospitals and the teaching that takes place within them, aiding in the effort to shorten patients’ stays, improve health and safety outcomes, and reduce costs. Although each attending had their own individual style of doctoring and teaching, reflective of the variety of personalities observed among the 18 attendings, the authors were able to identify the qualities and attributes they all shared. One of the most important attributes that all of the attendings shared was the conviction that they never stop learning.
Underrepresented Voices
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many female and underrepresented minority teaching attendings often face harassment, discrimination, and unconscious bias from both patients and other care team members. To prepare this chapter, the authors interviewed and observed female attendings to learn ways that they navigate gender-based challenges in the hospital. Numerous methods are shared, including consistently wearing a white coat to visually cue others that they are the attendings as well as verbally stating the roles of individuals on the team, and more. Racial minority-based challenges, while unique, share similarities to the challenges faced by female attendings, and navigation strategies are shared in this chapter.