bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilinear pseudodifferential operators with symbol in $$BS_{1,1}^m$$ on Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with critical Sobolev index
Authors: Arias Sergi , Rodríguez-López Salvador 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper we obtain new estimates for bilinear pseudodifferential operators with symbol in the class $$BS_{1,1}^m$$

B

S

1
,
1

m

, when both arguments belong to Triebel-Lizorkin spaces of the type $$F_{p,q}^{n/p}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
,
q

n
/
p

(

R

n

)

. The inequalities are obtained as a consequence of a refinement of the classical Sobolev embedding $$F^{n/p}_{p,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)\hookrightarrow \textrm{bmo}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
,
q

n
/
p

(

R

n

)

↪
bmo

(

R

n

)

, where we replace $$\textrm{bmo}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

bmo
(

R

n

)

by an appropriate subspace which contains $$L^\infty ({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

L
∞

(

R

n

)

. As an application, we study the product of functions on $$F_{p,q}^{n/p}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
,
q

n
/
p

(

R

n

)

when $$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

, where those spaces fail to be multiplicative algebras.
Mean-field coupled systems and self-consistent transfer operators: a review
Authors: Tanzi Matteo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this review we survey the literature on mean-field coupled maps. We start with the early works from the physics literature, arriving to some recent results from ergodic theory studying the thermodynamic limit of globally coupled maps and the associated self-consistent transfer operators. We also give few pointers to related research fields dealing with mean-field coupled systems in continuous time, and applications.
Computing torsion subgroups of Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves of genus 3
Authors: Müller J. Steffen , Reitsma Berno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce an algorithm to compute the structure of the rational torsion subgroup of the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve of genus 3 over the rationals. We apply a implementation of our algorithm to a database of curves with low discriminant due to Sutherland as well as a list of curves with small coefficients. In the process, we find several torsion structures not previously described in the literature. The algorithm is a generalisation of an algorithm for genus 2 due to Stoll, which we extend to abelian varieties satisfying certain conditions. The idea is to compute p-adic torsion lifts of points over finite fields using the Kummer variety and to check whether they are rational using heights. Both have been made explicit for Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves of genus 3 by Stoll. This article is partially based on the second-named author’s Master thesis.
Determination of the modular Jacobian varieties $$J_1(M,MN)$$ with the Mordell–Weil rank zero
Authors: Matsuda Koji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we determine all modular Jacobian varieties $$J_1(M,MN)$$

J
1

(
M
,
M
N
)

over the cyclotomic fields $${{\mathbb {Q}}}(\zeta _M)$$

Q
(

ζ
M

)

with the Mordell–Weil rank zero assuming the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, following the method of Derickx, Etropolski, van Hoeij, Morrow, and Zureick-Brown.
The Utilisation of Polyethylene Waste Pyrolytic Wax as an Additive to Enhance the Performance of Virgin and Polypropylene-Modified Bitumen
Authors: Vargas Camilo , Hanandeh Ali El 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlastic addition to bitumen increases the stiffness of the binder, reduces its workability due to the increase in viscosity, and causes storage stability issues. Thus, plastic pre-treatment methods are needed. This research aims to address these shortcomings by developing a wax derived from the pyrolysis of polyethylene (PE) waste and investigating its efficacy as an additive in virgin bitumen and bitumen modified with recycled polypropylene (PP). Penetration, softening point, segregation, stress ratio, consistency, stiffness, and viscosity of the modified bitumen were measured. The interior structure and chemical changes of the proposed binders were also studied using a fluorescence microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). When virgin bitumen is modified with 7% PE wax, its softening point increases (+ 15%), its viscosity is reduced (− 27%), and no segregation issue is observed. It also presented a stiffness increase (+ 32%) and better resistance to hot climates. Adding 7% of PE wax to bitumen modified with 5% PP reduces its viscosity by 70% and segregation by 26% while increasing its stiffness and rutting resistance in comparison to the bitumen solely modified with PP. These results reveal that, in addition to enhancing bitumen properties, the proposed substance reduces compaction and mixing energy requirements.
Minimalistic approach to enhanced recovery after pediatric scoliosis surgery
Authors: Barnett Scott A. , Song Bryant M. , Bauer Matthew , Nungesser Matthew E. , Leonardi Claudia , Heffernan Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Prior studies of enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) have been conducted at large institutions with abundant resources. These results may not apply at institutions with less resources directed to quality improvement efforts. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of a minimalistic enhanced recovery protocol in reducing length of stay (LOS) following PSF for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. We hypothesized that accelerated transition to oral pain medications and mobilization alone could shorten hospital length of stay in the absence of a formal multimodal pain regimen.

Methods
AIS patients aged 10–18 who underwent PSF at a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017 were reviewed. The study population was further narrowed to consecutive patients from a single surgeon’s practice that piloted the modified ERP. Reservation from key stakeholders regarding the feasibility of implementing widespread protocol change led to the minimal alterations made to the postoperative protocol following PSF. Patients were divided into either the Standard Recovery Protocol (SRP) or Enhanced Recovery Protocol (ERP). Primary variables analyzed were hospital LOS, complications, readmissions, and total narcotic requirement.

Results
A total of 92 patients met inclusion criteria. SRP and ERP groups consisted of 44 (47.8%) and 48 (52.2%) patients. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to age, sex, and ASA score (p > 0.05). Fusion levels and EBL did not differ between treatment groups (p > 0.05). PCA pumps were discontinued later in the SRP group (39.5 ± 4.3 h) compared to the ERP group (17.4 ± 4.1 h, p < 0.0001). Narcotic requirement was similar between groups (p = 0.94) Patients in the SRP group had longer hospital stays than patients in the ERP group (p < 0.0001). 83% of the ERP group had LOS ≤ 3 days compared to 0% in the SRP group, whose mean LOS was 4.2 days. There was no difference in complications between the groups (2.2% vs 6.0%, p = 0.62). Readmission to the hospital within 30 days of surgery was rare in either group (2 SRP patients: 1 superior mesenteric artery syndrome, 1 bowel obstruction vs 0 ERP patients, p = 0.23).

Conclusion
In this cohort, minor changes to the postoperative protocol following surgery for AIS led to a significant decrease in hospital length of stay. This minimalistic approach may ease implementation of an ERP in the setting of stakeholder apprehension.
5-Deazaalloxazine as photosensitizer of singlet oxygen and potential redox-sensitive agent
Authors: Insińska-Rak Małgorzata , Golczak Anna , Gierszewski Mateusz , Anwar Zubair , Cherkas Volodymyr , Kwiatek Dorota , Sikorska Ewa , Khmelinskii Igor , Burdziński Gotard , Cibulka Radek , Mrówczyńska Lucyna , Kolanowski Jacek Lukasz , Sikorski Marek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFlavins are a unique class of compounds that combine the features of singlet oxygen generators and redox-dependent fluorophores. From a broad family of flavin derivatives, deazaalloxazines are significantly underdeveloped from the point of view of photophysical properties. Herein, we report photophysics of 5-deazaalloxazine (1a) in water, acetonitrile, and some other solvents. In particular, triplet excited states of 1a in water and in acetonitrile were investigated using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) transient absorption spectroscopy. The measured triplet lifetimes for 1a were all on the microsecond time scale (≈ 60 μs) in deoxygenated solutions. The quantum yield of S1 → T1 intersystem crossing for 1a in water was 0.43 based on T1 energy transfer from 1a to indicaxanthin (5) acting as acceptor and on comparative actinometric measurements using benzophenone (6). 1a was an efficient photosensitizer for singlet oxygen in aerated solutions, with quantum yields of singlet oxygen in methanol of about 0.76, compared to acetonitrile ~ 0.74, dichloromethane ~ 0.64 and 1,2-dichloroethane ~ 0.54. Significantly lower singlet oxygen quantum yields were obtained in water and deuterated water (ФΔ ~ 0.42 and 0.44, respectively). Human red blood cells (RBC) were used as a cell model to study the antioxidant capacity in vitro and cytotoxic activity of 1a. Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) data were analyzed by fluorescence lifetime parameters and distribution for different parts of the emission spectrum. Comparison of multidimensional fluorescent properties of RBC under physiological-like and oxidative-stress conditions in the presence and absence of 1a suggests its dual activity as probe and singlet-oxygen generator and opens up a pathway for using FLIM to analyze complex intracellular behavior of flavin-like compounds. These new data on structure–property relationship contribute to the body of information required for a rational design of flavin-based tools for future biological and biochemical applications.
Graphical abstract
Five Times Faster
Authors: Sharpe Simon 
Published: March 2023

We need to act five times faster to avoid dangerous climate change. As Greenland melts, Australia burns, and greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, we think we know who the villains are: oil companies, consumerism, weak political leaders. But what if the real blocks to progress are the ideas and institutions that are supposed to be helping us? Five Times Faster is an inside story from Simon Sharpe, who has spent ten years at the forefront of climate change policy and diplomacy. In our fight to avoid dangerous climate change, science is pulling its punches, diplomacy is picking the wrong battles, and economics has been fighting for the other side. This provocative and engaging book sets out how we should rethink our strategies and reorganise our efforts in the fields of science, economics, and diplomacy, so that we can act fast enough to stay safe.
The future shape of medium and long-range civil engines
Authors: Young P. H. 
Published: March 2023

The continuation of mass travel over long distances, is inconceivable if the world really runs short of energy. Thus, looking at the year 2000 we have two alternatives:either: fuel will be strictly rationed and reserved for essential purposes, which certainly would not include long-distance mass-travel,or: fuel will continue to be freely available to the airlines at some price.In the first scenario, there is no future for civil aviation as we know it and the aerospace industries must turn to new fields of endeavour.In the second scenario, we have to answer the question: ‘what fuel at what price?'. This has to be answered because, if the price were to rise sufficiently, then the result would be similar to that of the first scenario as the present travelling public could no longer afford to buy airline tickets.
The Response of the Large‐Scale Tropical Circulation to Warming
Authors: Silvers Levi G. , Reed Kevin A. , Wing Allison A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious work has found that as the surface warms the large‐scale tropical circulations weaken, convective anvil cloud fraction decreases, and atmospheric static stability increases. Circulation changes inevitably lead to changes in the humidity and cloud fields which influence the surface energetics. The exchange of mass between the boundary layer (BL) and the midtroposphere has also been shown to weaken in global climate models. What has remained less clear is how robust these changes in the circulation are to different representations of convection, clouds, and microphysics in numerical models. We use simulations from the Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project to investigate the interaction between overturning circulations, surface temperature, and atmospheric moisture. We analyze the underlying mechanisms of these relationships using a 21‐member model ensemble that includes both General Circulation Models and Cloud‐system Resolving Models. We find a large spread in the change of intensity of the overturning circulation. Both the range of the circulation intensity, and its change with warming can be explained by the range of the mean upward vertical velocity. There is also a consistent decrease in the exchange of mass between the BL and the midtroposphere. However, the magnitude of the decrease varies substantially due to the range of responses in both mean precipitation and mean precipitable water. We hypothesize based on these results that despite well understood thermodynamic constraints, there is still a considerable ability for the cloud fields and the precipitation efficiency to drive a substantial range of tropical convective responses to warming.
Implications of New Geological Mapping and U‐Pb Zircon Dating for the Barrovian Tectono‐Metamorphic Evolution of the Lepontine Dome (Central European Alps)
Authors: Tagliaferri A. , Schenker F. L. , Ulianov A. , Maino M. , Schmalholz S. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Barrovian metamorphism of the Lepontine dome is manifested by isograds that cross‐cut tectonic nappe contacts, which is commonly interpreted as metamorphism that occurred after nappe emplacement. However, the pervasive mineral and stretching lineation in amphibolite facies, associated with top‐to‐foreland shearing, suggests that peak Barrovian conditions are coeval with nappe‐overthrusting. Here, we combine mapping and U‐Pb zircon dating to better constrain the relation between metamorphism and overthrusting. Metamorphic zircon rims show two age populations at 31–33 and 22–24 Ma. The younger population is locally observed in post‐foliation dikes (and associated metasomatism) likely sourced from deep‐migmatites exhuming along the Alpine backstop. The older population occurs regionally and is found in syn‐kinematic migmatites which occur along a crustal‐scale shear zone. Below this shear zone, magmatic and detrital zircon cores suggest that the Cima Lunga unit, previously interpreted as a tectonic mélange with Mesozoic fragments, was a pre‐Variscan metasedimentary sequence intruded by Permian granitic sills, now orthogneisses. This unit was strongly sheared along the top of the Simano nappe during overthrusting of a rock pile here‐termed Maggia‐Adula nappe. This large‐scale nappe emplacement imprinted the regional lineation and peak temperatures until 31–33 Ma. Péclet (1–10) and Brinkman (0.002–1.8) numbers, estimated for the overthrusting, suggest an advection‐dominated heat transfer caused by rock exhumation, with some diffusion (conduction) during nappe emplacement. Diffusion contributed to Barrovian isograds discordant to the thrust. Shear heating was important if stress times shearing rate >∼5·10−6 W·m−3 within the nappe. The thermal evolution after overthrusting was spatially heterogeneous until ca. 22 Ma.
Circus Tents, Convective Thresholds, and the Non‐Linear Climate Response to Tropical SSTs
Authors: Williams Andrew I. L. , Jeevanjee Nadir , Bloch‐Johnson Jonah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing model simulations, we demonstrate that the climate response to localized tropical sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations exhibits numerous non‐linearities. Most pronounced is an asymmetry in the response to positive and negative SST perturbations. Additionally, we identify a “magnitude‐dependence” of the response on the size of the SST perturbation. We then explain how these non‐linearities arise as a robust consequence of convective quasi‐equilibrium and weak (but non‐zero) temperature gradients in the tropical free‐troposphere, which we encapsulate in a “circus tent” model of the tropical atmosphere. These results demonstrate that the climate response to SST perturbations is fundamentally non‐linear, and highlight potential deficiencies in work which has assumed linearity in the response.
An Early Forecast of Long‐Period Ground Motions of Large Earthquakes Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Furumura Takashi , Oishi Yusuke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLong‐period (LP; approximately 2–10 s) ground motions generated by large earthquakes are amplified in large basins and threaten high‐rise buildings in modern cities. In this study, we accomplished an early forecast of LP ground motions in distant basins based on deep learning technology using waveforms observed near the epicenter. A Temporal Convolutional Network was first trained using waveform data from past large earthquakes in the Japan Trench. LP ground motions of recent large earthquakes, including the 2011 Off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0), were forecasted in the Kanto (Tokyo) and Osaka basins. This study effectively forecasted LP ground motions of large earthquakes regarding amplitude, waveform envelope shape, spectral characteristics, and duration. Faster forecasts (in 0.05 s or less) allow for updating forecasts as data is acquired, improving forecast accuracies and ensuring 1–2 min of lead time before large and prolonged shakes occur.
Aberrant survival of hippocampal Cajal-Retzius cells leads to memory deficits, gamma rhythmopathies and susceptibility to seizures in adult mice
Authors: Riva Martina , Moriceau Stéphanie , Morabito Annunziato , Dossi Elena , Sanchez-Bellot Candela , Azzam Patrick , Navas-Olive Andrea , Gal Beatriz , Dori Francesco , Cid Elena , Ledonne Fanny , David Sabrina , Trovero Fabrice , Bartolomucci Magali , Coppola Eva , Rebola Nelson , Depaulis Antoine , Rouach Nathalie , de la Prida Liset Menendez , Oury Franck , Pierani Alessandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCajal-Retzius cells (CRs) are transient neurons, disappearing almost completely in the postnatal neocortex by programmed cell death (PCD), with a percentage surviving up to adulthood in the hippocampus. Here, we evaluate CR’s role in the establishment of adult neuronal and cognitive function using a mouse model preventing Bax-dependent PCD. CRs abnormal survival resulted in impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory, associated in vivo with attenuated theta oscillations and enhanced gamma activity in the dorsal CA1. At the cellular level, we observed transient changes in the number of NPY+cells and altered CA1 pyramidal cell spine density. At the synaptic level, these changes translated into enhanced inhibitory currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Finally, adult mutants displayed an increased susceptibility to lethal tonic-clonic seizures in a kainate model of epilepsy. Our data reveal that aberrant survival of a small proportion of postnatal hippocampal CRs results in cognitive deficits and epilepsy-prone phenotypes in adulthood.
Geometric prior guided hybrid deep neural network for facial beauty analysis
Authors: Peng Tianhao , Li Mu , Chen Fangmei , Xu Yong , Zhang David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFacial beauty analysis is an important topic in human society. It may be used as a guidance for face beautification applications such as cosmetic surgery. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently been adopted for facial beauty analysis and have achieved remarkable performance. However, most existing DNN‐based models regard facial beauty analysis as a normal classification task. They ignore important prior knowledge in traditional machine learning models which illustrate the significant contribution of the geometric features in facial beauty analysis. To be specific, landmarks of the whole face and facial organs are introduced to extract geometric features to make the decision. Inspired by this, we introduce a novel dual‐branch network for facial beauty analysis: one branch takes the Swin Transformer as the backbone to model the full face and global patterns, and another branch focuses on the masked facial organs with the residual network to model the local patterns of certain facial parts. Additionally, the designed multi‐scale feature fusion module can further facilitate our network to learn complementary semantic information between the two branches. In model optimisation, we propose a hybrid loss function, where especially geometric regulation is introduced by regressing the facial landmarks and it can force the extracted features to convey facial geometric features. Experiments performed on the SCUT‐FBP5500 dataset and the SCUT‐FBP dataset demonstrate that our model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural networks models, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed geometric regularisation and dual‐branch structure with the hybrid network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to introduce a Vision Transformer into the facial beauty analysis task.
Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid
Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gong Jiantao , Zhu Baining , Liu Wenji , Shi Chaoqun , Xia Chen , Zeng Liqin , Lv Yunxia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAt present, the risk factors of cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary
thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are still controversial. This study was aimed to
investigate the risk factors of various types of LNM in PTC with tumor
diameter>1 cm. The clinical data of 2216 PTC patients were
retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models
were used to analyze the risk factors of LNM. In addition, the receiver operator
characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the best cut-off value of CLNM for
predicting LLNM. Finally, the independent risk factors of LLNM were used to
construct the prediction of LLNM nomogram. Age≤55 years old, male,
bilateral lobe tumors, ETE, 2–3 cm tumor diameters, and fasting
plasma glucose (FPG) were independent risk factors for CLNM. The ROC curve
showed that the best cut-off value was 2.5. Age, male, bilateral lobe tumors,
tumor diameters≥2 cm and CLNM≥3 were significantly
associated with LLNM , while CLNM=1 or 2 was a protective factor for
LLNM. Only tumor diameters≥3 cm was significantly associated
with skip LLNM. The nomogram model (C-index=0.745) can be used to
predict LLNM in PTC patients and guide the clinical selection of appropriate
treatment options. Patients with high risk factors should undergo prophylactic
lymph node dissection. The nomogram we established has a good predictive ability
for LLNM, and for high-risk groups, it is necessary to actively perform
prophylactic lateral lymph node dissection.