bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Eosinophilic Inflammation Is Not a Feature of Type 2 CRS Patients Failing Anti‐IL‐5R Therapy and Requiring Class Switching to Anti‐IL‐4/13
Authors: Sacks Peta‐Lee , Meerwein Christian M , Earls Peter , Thiel Cedric , Choy Christine , Campbell Raewyn G , Sacks Raymond , Kalish Larry , Harvey Richard J 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundType 2 inflammation dominates eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) and adult onset asthma. IL‐4, ‐5, and ‐13 are prominent disease mediators. Disease control can be achieved with biologic therapies. However, despite some patients entering remission, others experience poor control.AimWe aimed to describe eCRS patients treated with anti‐IL‐5R antibody (benralizumab) and assess characteristics between responders and those requiring class switching to anti‐IL‐4/13R (dupilumab).MethodA retrospective cohort study was performed on consecutive adult patients with eCRS and asthma who had commenced benralizumab. Disease control was defined as controlled or poorly controlled (EPOS2020 partly control/uncontrolled). Poorly controlled patients were switched to dupilumab. Baseline and post‐IL‐5R characteristics including age, sex, 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score, and serum/tissue eosinophilia were assessed. Disease control post‐class switching was reassessed. Factors predicting poorly controlled disease on anti‐IL‐5R therapy were sought.ResultsFifty patients were assessed (51.44 ± 12.73 years, 56% female). Poorly controlled disease on anti‐IL‐5R requiring class switch to dupilumab was seen in 42%. Poorly controlled patients were younger (46.14 ± 10.76 vs. 55.28 ± 12.83 years, p = 0.01) with higher baseline SNOT‐22 (61.42 ± 19.19 vs. 42.32 ± 21.55, p < 0.01). Baseline ACQ scores and eosinophil count (0.78 ± 0.49 vs. 0.62 ± 0.34 × 109cells/L, p = 0.23) and were similar between groups. In the poorly controlled patients on anti‐IL‐5R therapy, eosinophilia had reduced in both serum (0.78 ± 0.5 vs. 0.02 ± 0.1 × 109cells/L, p < 0.01) and tissue (>100 cells/HPF: 100% vs. 29%, p = 0.01). Class switching resulted in disease control for 65%.ConclusionNeither eosinophilia nor its reduction predicted a non‐responder group to anti‐IL‐5R therapy. While the eosinophil population may be a good marker for the CRS phenotype seen in nasal polyps, it is unlikely to be the cell population driving the disease process.
Synaptic Density Reductions in MSA: A Potential Biomarker Identified Through [18F]SynVesT‐1 PET Imaging
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Daji , Tang Yongxiang , Chen Zhao , Zhou Ming , Wan Linlin , Xiao Ling , Fu You , He Zhiyou , Tang Zhichao , Hu Zhengqun , Yuan Xinrong , Yang Jinhui , Zhu Sudan , Guo Xuan , Ouyang Riwei , Qiu Rong , Tang Beisha , Guo Jifeng , Jiang Hong , Hu Shuo 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to delineate synaptic density alterations in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and explore its potential role as a biomarker for MSA diagnosis and disease severity monitoring using [18F]SynVesT‐1 positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET CT).MethodsIn this prospective study, 60 patients with MSA (30 patients with MSA‐parkinsonian [MSA‐P] subtype and 30 patients with MSA‐cerebellar [MSA‐C] subtype), 30 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 30 age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent [18F]SynVesT‐1 PET/CT for synaptic density assessment. Visual, voxel, and volumetric region of interest (VOI) analyses were used to elucidate synaptic density patterns in the MSA brain and establish diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic performances of both visual and VOI‐based diagnostics were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between brain synaptic density and disease severityResultsPatients with MSA displayed extensive reductions in synaptic density throughout the brain, notably affecting both primary VOIs (the cerebellum and putamen) and secondary VOIs including the medulla oblongata, ventral tegmental area, and pons. Notably, patients with MSA‐C exhibited a remarkable decrease in cerebellar synaptic density, whereas patients with MSA‐P demonstrated significant synaptic loss within the posterior putamen. Compared with patients with PD, the patients with MSA show a more pronounced reduction in synaptic density in infratentorial brain regions. VOI‐based diagnosis significantly outperformed visual analysis in diagnosing and differentiating MSA and its subtypes. Synaptic density in primary and multiple secondary VOIs correlated significantly with motor scales in patients with MSA.InterpretationOur study identified widespread synaptic density reductions in MSA, particularly in the basal ganglia and infratentorial region, suggesting [18F]SynVesT‐1 PET as a potential biomarker for diagnosing and evaluating the disease, and guiding synaptic restoration trials. ANN NEUROL 2025
Synthesis and Application of a Temperature Sensitive Poly(Acrylamide‐Co‐N‐Isopropylacrylamide‐Co‐Sodium P‐Styrene Sulfonate) as a New Water‐Based Drilling Fluid Plugging Agent
Authors: Yan Yancheng , Xue Zeyu , Wu Lianci , Luo Yumei , Bai Xiaodong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the process of oil and gas production, the failure of drilling fluid caused it to invade the formation, leading to wellbore instability. N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), acrylamide (AM), and sodium p‐styrene sulfonate (SSS) were used as raw materials, and the P(NIPAM/AM/SSS) (abbreviated as NAS) temperature‐sensitive plugging agent was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization. The optimum synthesis conditions were obtained using a redox initiation system. Infrared measurements and UV–visible analysis showed that the target product was successfully prepared, and NAS exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 55°C, with sensitive temperature‐responsive behavior. Rheological and filtration tests, along with high‐temperature and high‐pressure (HTHP) sand tray tests, demonstrated that the temperature‐sensitive plugging agent effectively plugged the formation. Particle size analysis and Zeta potential analysis indicated that the addition of the temperature‐sensitive plugging agent increased the electrostatic stability of bentonite‐based slurry and polymer. Contact angle measurements and micro‐morphology of the mud cake revealed that a hydrophilic‐hydrophobic transition occurred at high temperatures in NAS, forming a dense hydrophobic film on the surface of the mud cake. This film effectively sealed cracks and micropores, reduced the invasion of free water, and improved wellbore stability.
Preparation and Characterization of a High Compressive Strength Polyamide 12T Microcellular Composite Foam Loaded With Short‐Chain Carbon Fiber and In Situ Generated Polytetrafluoroethylene Nanofiber
Authors: Liu Chao , Sun Yibo , Li Zhuolun , Chen Shihong , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA high compressive strength composite microcellular foam using chain extended polyamide 12T (CEPT12T) as matrix with polyteterafluoroethylene (PTFE) and short‐cut carbon fiber as reinforcing materials was prepared by melt‐blending process using supercritical carbon dioxide as a foaming agent. The effects of different SCF contents on the rheological properties, crystallization behavior, cell structure, and compressive properties of the foam were systematically investigated. Thermal and rheological analysis results revealed that the incorporation of SCF slightly reduced the crystallinity of the material (from 40.14 to 37.58 J/g) while significantly enhancing its melt strength. Foaming results indicated that, with an SCF content of 6 phr, the average cell diameter decreased to 18 μm, exhibiting a uniform cell distribution, high cell density, and a closed‐cell structure. Compression tests revealed that, at a foaming ratio of 20, the foam with 6 phr SCF content exhibited a compressive strength of 0.37 MPa at 5% strain, which was a 90% increase compared to the unreinforced material. This high‐performance PA12T microcellular foam demonstrates a substantial potential for various applications, particularly in lightweight, insulation, and high‐strength applications, offering significant engineering value.
Lagrange‐dual‐based fully distributed economic dispatch in smart grids with transmission line losses
Authors: Lin Luxin , Chen Zhiyi , Wang Xiangyu , Li Shihua , Yu Xinghuo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEconomic dispatch constitutes an important element within the hierarchical control framework of smart grids. Its effective implementation is imperative for cost reduction in generation, enhancement of operational efficiency, and power systems stability. This paper tackles the distributed economic dispatch problem in smart grids with transmission line losses. First, the economic dispatch problem is transformed into its Lagrange dual problem using convex optimization theory, accompanied by a description of the strategy for addressing inequality constraints. Then, a fully distributed optimization algorithm is developed under free initial state through the fusion of nonsmooth analysis and the primal–dual method. Furthermore, based on this algorithm, a modified algorithm with lower communication overhead is presented. Finally, software simulations and hardware‐in‐the‐loop tests are performed to verify the developed scheme.
Optimal tracking performance of communication constrained systems with fading channel and quantization constraint
Authors: Jiang Mengxi , Zhan Xisheng , Wu Jie , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper studies the optimal tracking performance (OTP) of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) discrete communication constrained systems (CCSs) with fading channel and quantization constraints. An equivalent average channel is used to replace the fading channel with colored noise, and the gain of the output ports of the two channels is consistent in the first and second moments. Combined with spectral decomposition, co‐prime decomposition, partial fractional decomposition and other methods, the quantitative explicit expression of OTP is eventually derived. The result shows that the OTP is related to nonminimum phase (NMP) zeros and unstable poles and their directions of controlled plant, and is also affected by quantization error and colored noise. At last, a numerical example is utilized to verify the theory.
Superhabitable Planets Around Mid‐Type K Dwarf Stars Enhance Simulated JWST Observability and Surface Habitability
Authors: Vilović Iva , Goyal Jayesh , Heller René , von Schauenburg Fanny Marie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn our search for life beyond the Solar System, certain planetary bodies may be more conducive to life than Earth. However, the observability of these “superhabitable” (SH) planets in the habitable zones around K dwarf stars has not been fully modeled. This study addresses this gap by modeling the atmospheres of SH exoplanets. We employed the 1D model Atmos to define the SH parameter space, POSEIDON to calculate synthetic transmission spectra, and PandExo to simulate JWST observations. Our results indicate that planets orbiting mid‐type K dwarfs, receiving 80% of Earth's solar flux, are optimal for life. These planets sustain temperate surfaces with moderate CO2 levels, unlike those receiving 60% flux, where necessarily higher CO2 levels could hinder biosphere development. Moreover, they are easier to observe, requiring significantly fewer transits for biosignature detection compared with Earth‐like planets around Sun‐like stars. For instance, detecting biosignature pairs like oxygen and methane from 30 pc would require 150 transits (43 years) for a SH planet, versus over 1700 transits (~1700 years) for Earth‐like planets. While such observation times lie outside of JWST mission timescales, our study underscores the necessity of next‐generation telescopes and provides valuable targets for future observations with, for example, the ELT.
From tobacco to biochar: a review of production processes, properties, and applications
Authors: Ramontja James , Iwuozor Kingsley O. , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere , Okorie Chika J. , Saka Harvis Bamidele , Ezzat Abdelrahman O. , Adeleke Joy A. , Saliu Oluwaseyi D. , Adeniyi Adewale George 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTobacco waste presents notable environmental challenges, such as soil and water contamination from nicotine and other harmful chemicals, compounded by inefficiencies in conventional waste management. Converting tobacco waste into biochar offers a promising solution to address these issues. This study reviews the production, properties, and applications of biochar derived from tobacco, using feedstocks such as stems, seeds, leaves, and tobacco fines. It has been observed that tobacco stems are the most commonly used precursor and pyrolysis is the most frequently employed thermochemical conversion process, with biochar yields ranging from 5% to 85%, depending on operational variables. Tobacco‐derived biochar exhibits surface areas typically between 2 and 50 m2/g, fixed carbon content of 4 to 63 wt%, and ash content ranging from 12% to 51%. Tobacco‐derived biochar has been applied in agriculture, water treatment, composting, and energy production, demonstrating its efficiency. It also plays an important role in soil pollution remediation. Despite existing research on tobacco‐based biochar, gaps remain in areas such as the gasification and torrefaction of tobacco biomass and the use of other tobacco‐related wastes like leftover cigarettes and fines. The findings of this study depict the dual benefits of utilizing tobacco waste for biochar production – addressing waste disposal challenges while creating a valuable material with multiple environmental and economic advantages.
Transition Metal Molybdates Emerging Materials for High‐Performance Supercapacitors: A Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Sawant Digambar S. , Kulkarni Shrinivas B. , Dubal Deepak P. , Lohar Gaurav M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTransition metal molybdates (AMoO4 where A = Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, and Zn) have attracted much attention as promising electrode materials for energy storage devices due to their multi‐electron redox capability, higher electrical conductivity, good chemical and thermal stability, and stable crystal structure to get superior electrochemical performance. Transition metal molybdates and their graphene‐based composites possess multidimensional morphology for supercapacitors. The morphology‐dependent supercapacitor behavior has been reviewed in the present article. The formation mechanism of AMoO4 nanostructures in the form of 1D, 2D, and 3D has been identified and respective supercapacitor behavior is outlined. The density functional theory based on the calculated electronic properties of AMoO4 has been discussed. Additionally, the application of machine learning techniques in predicting and analyzing the relationships of AMoO4 has been discussed for the first time. By leveraging ML algorithms, we identify key parameters influencing their energy storage capabilities, providing insights into the rational design of molybdate‐based composites. Integrating experimental results with ML‐driven optimization offers a novel pathway for accelerating the development of next‐generation energy storage devices. In conclusion, future perspectives and challenges have been discussed.
The Association Between Neutrophil‐Percentage‐to‐Albumin Ratio (NPAR) and Mortality Among Individuals With Cancer: Insights From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Li Xinyang , Wu Meng , Chen Minxin , Liu Rufei , Tao Qingxu , Hu Yun , Yu Jinming , Chen Dawei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeutrophils interact with tumor cells, potentially exacerbating cancer progression. Additionally, decreased albumin levels are a marker of poor cancer prognosis. The neutrophil‐percentage‐to‐albumin ratio (NPAR) has been used for prognostic assessment in non‐cancerous diseases, but its relationship with mortality risk in cancer patients has not been explored. Therefore, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the correlation between NPAR and the risks of all‐cause mortality and cancer‐related mortality among cancer patients.MethodsThis study leveraged comprehensive NHANES data spanning 2005–2016. We analyzed the relationship between NPAR and the risks of cancer incidence, all‐cause mortality, and cancer‐related mortality using weighted Logistic and Cox regression models, as well as trend tests. Restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to investigate NPAR's nonlinear relationship with mortality risk. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was utilized to assess patient prognoses across varying NPAR levels.ResultsElevated NPAR was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality and cancer‐related mortality in cancer patients (p < 0.05), with higher NPAR values correlating with greater risk (p‐trend < 0.05). However, no significant association between NPAR and cancer incidence was observed (p > 0.05). Our analysis further identified a non‐linear relationship between NPAR and all‐cause mortality risk (p‐nonlinear < 0.05), while no non‐linear relationship was found with cancer‐related mortality risk. The relationship is characterized by an optimal NPAR value, correlating with the lowest hazard ratio (HR). Deviations from this optimal NPAR result in increased all‐cause mortality risk (p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated superior survival rates in patients with lower NPAR values compared to those with higher NPAR values (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAccording to our study, higher NPAR was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality and cancer‐related mortality in cancer patients.
4‐O‐Methylglucaric Acid Production from Xylan with Uronic Acid Oxidase and Comparison to Glucaric Acid from Glucose
Authors: Marrs Kevin , Vuong Thu V. , Master Emma R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study describes an enzymatic pathway to produce high purity 4‐O‐methylglucaric acid from xylan, an underutilized fraction of lignocellulosic biomass. Beechwood xylan was enzymatically hydrolysed using a commercial xylanase and an α‐glucuronidase from Amphibacillus xylanus to form 4‐O‐methylglucuronic acid, which was then purified by anion exchange chromatography and subsequently oxidized to 4‐O‐methylglucaric acid using a recombinantly produced uronic acid oxidase from Citrus sinensis. Enzymatic oxidation with uronic acid oxidase afforded 95 % yield in 72 hours which is considerably higher than yields previously achieved using a glucooligosaccharide oxidase from Sarocladium strictum. 4‐O‐methylglucaric acid was isolated by precipitation and purified by recrystallization. Characterization by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed product identity and high purity (97.8 % w/w). 4‐O‐methylglucaric acid's performance as a detergent builder was compared to commercial glucaric acid. At 10 : 1 molar ratios of detergent builder to calcium, 4‐O‐methylglucaric acid provided similar calcium sequestration performance to glucaric acid (less than 5 % difference) at pH 7 and pH 10 in the presence of surfactants, including sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Given their similar calcium sequestration performance, 4‐O‐methylglucaric acid could effectively substitute for glucaric acid in detergent formulations.
Midterm Outcomes of Endovascular Pulmonary Artery Debanding in Children
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Sleiman Nelly , El Rassi Issam , Saliba Zakhia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPulmonary artery banding (PAB) palliates pulmonary over‐circulation, while endovascular debanding (ED) offers a less invasive alternative to repeat surgery.ObjectivesTo evaluate our experience with ED.AimsRetrospective review of single‐center data (2015–2023) on children with single, multiple, or “Swiss‐cheese” muscular ventricular septal defects (MVSDs) undergoing ED.ResultsTen patients (50% male) underwent ED at a median age of 5 years (IQR, 1.8–6.8) and weight of 15 kg (IQR, 10.6–19.7). Four patients had single MVSD, six had multiple MVSDs. Debanding occurred at a median of 52.8 months (IQR, 18.4–76.6) post‐PAB, utilizing six non‐compliant Numed Z‐MED and four semi‐compliant Balt Cristal high‐pressure balloons. Median pulmonary valve annulus (PVA) diameters were 15.5 mm (IQR, 12.5–16.8) angiographically. Median balloon‐to‐PVA diameter ratio was 1 (IQR, 1–1), and median balloon‐to‐band diameter ratio was 2 (IQR, 1.8–2). Median trans‐PAB gradient decreased from 100 mmHg (IQR, 86–108) to 40 mmHg (IQR, 26–46) (p < 0.01) and oxygen saturation improved from a median of 92% (IQR, 86%–97%) to 98% (IQR, 96%–98%) (p < 0.05). There were no procedural complications. Four patients underwent MVSD device closure a median of 7 months (IQR, 3–15) before ED, while seven had concomitant closures, including two with prior closures. Over a median follow‐up of 91.7 months (IQR, 71.8–130.7), two patients required redo ED at 23 and 36 months, one with a contained vessel tear. Last recorded maximal Doppler gradient was 27 mmHg (IQR, 9–39).ConclusionsTotal ED is safe with satisfactory midterm outcomes, though repeat dilations may be necessary during follow‐up.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of 2 Formulations of Bosentan Dispersible Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Huang Zhaoming , Yu Panpan , Hu Jiawei , Zhang Wanyong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist widely used in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension. However, there are few reports on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and bioequivalence of bosentan dispersible tablets (32 mg) in the Chinese population. This study aimed to evaluate the PK characteristics and bioequivalence of the test and reference formulations of bosentan dispersible tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. A randomized, single‐dose, 2‐sequence, 2‐period crossover study (fasting) and a 4‐period replicate crossover study (fed) were conducted with 48 and 30 healthy volunteers, respectively. The bosentan plasma concentrations were measured by a validated ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry method, and PK parameters were analyzed using noncompartmental methods. The bioequivalence statistical analysis showed that 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of peak plasma concentration, area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measurable concentration, and AUC from time zero to infinity for the test and reference formulations were within the bioequivalence range of 80%‐125% under both fasting and fed conditions. After the administration of bosentan dispersible tablets under fed conditions, the systemic exposure (based on AUC from time zero to infinity) was increased by approximately 15%‐20%. These findings confirm the bioequivalence of the 2 formulations, and both formulations were well tolerated, with no safety‐related adverse events reported. Given the wide therapeutic dose range of bosentan dispersible tablets for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension in children, the impact of food on its PK is not considered clinically significant.