bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submesoscale inverse energy cascade enhances Southern Ocean eddy heat transport
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Liu Yuelin , Qiu Bo , Luo Yiyong , Cai Wenju , Yuan Qingguo , Liu Yinxing , Zhang Hong , Liu Hailong , Miao Mingfang , Zhang Jinchao , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOceanic eddy-induced meridional heat transport (EHT) is an important process in the Southern Ocean heat budget, the variability of which significantly modulates global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and Antarctic sea-ice extent. Although it is recognized that mesoscale eddies with scales of ~40–300 km greatly contribute to the EHT, the role of submesoscale eddies with scales of ~1–40 km remains unclear. Here, using two state-of-the-art high-resolution simulations (resolutions of 1/48° and 1/24°), we find that submesoscale eddies significantly enhance the total poleward EHT in the Southern Ocean with an enhancement percentage reaching 19–48% in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current band. By comparing the eddy energy budgets between the two simulations, we detect that the primary role of submesoscale eddies is to strengthen mesoscale eddies (and thus their heat transport capability) through inverse energy cascade rather than directly through submesoscale heat fluxes. Due to the submesoscale-mediated enhancement of mesoscale eddies in the 1/48° simulation, the clockwise upper cell and anti-clockwise lower cell of the residual-mean MOC in the Southern Ocean are weakened and strengthened, respectively. This finding identifies a potential route to improve the mesoscale parameterization in climate models for more accurate simulations of the MOC and sea ice variability in the Southern Ocean.
Deacetylation induced nuclear condensation of HP1γ promotes multiple myeloma drug resistance
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Sheng , Xie Ying , Jiang Hongmei , Guo Jing , Wang Yixuan , Peng Ziyi , Hu Meilin , Wang Mengqi , Wang Jingya , Li Qian , Wang Yafei , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAcquired chemoresistance to proteasome inhibitors is a major obstacle in managing multiple myeloma but key regulators and underlying mechanisms still remain to be explored. We find that high level of HP1γ is associated with low acetylation modification in the bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells using SILAC-based acetyl-proteomics assay, and higher HP1γ level is positively correlated with poorer outcomes in the clinic. Mechanistically, elevated HDAC1 in the bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells deacetylates HP1γ at lysine 5 and consequently alleviates the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, as well as the aberrant DNA repair capacity. HP1γ interacts with the MDC1 to induce DNA repair, and simultaneously the deacetylation modification and the interaction with MDC1 enhance the nuclear condensation of HP1γ protein and the chromatin accessibility of its target genes governing sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors, such as CD40, FOS and JUN. Thus, targeting HP1γ stability by using HDAC1 inhibitor re-sensitizes bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells to proteasome inhibitors treatment in vitro and in vivo. Our findings elucidate a previously unrecognized role of HP1γ in inducing drug resistance to proteasome inhibitors of myeloma cells and suggest that targeting HP1γ may be efficacious for overcoming drug resistance in refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma patients.
De novo lipogenesis fuels adipocyte autophagosome and lysosome membrane dynamics
Authors: Rowland Leslie A. , Guilherme Adilson , Henriques Felipe , DiMarzio Chloe , Munroe Sean , Wetoska Nicole , Kelly Mark , Reddig Keith , Hendricks Gregory , Pan Meixia , Han Xianlin , Ilkayeva Olga R. , Newgard Christopher B. , Czech Michael P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdipocytes robustly synthesize fatty acids (FA) from carbohydrate through the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway, yet surprisingly DNL contributes little to their abundant triglyceride stored in lipid droplets. This conundrum raises the hypothesis that adipocyte DNL instead enables membrane expansions to occur in processes like autophagy, which requires an abundant supply of phospholipids. We report here that adipocyte Fasn deficiency in vitro and in vivo markedly impairs autophagy, evident by autophagosome accumulation and severely compromised degradation of the autophagic substrate p62. Our data indicate the impairment occurs at the level of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and indeed, loss of Fasn decreases certain membrane phosphoinositides necessary for autophagosome and lysosome maturation and fusion. Autophagy dependence on FA produced by Fasn is not fully alleviated by exogenous FA in cultured adipocytes, and interestingly, imaging studies reveal that Fasn colocalizes with nascent autophagosomes. Together, our studies identify DNL as a critical source of FAs to fuel autophagosome and lysosome maturation and fusion in adipocytes.
PCR-like performance of rapid test with permselective tunable nanotrap
Authors: Park Seong Jun , Lee Seungmin , Lee Dongtak , Lee Na Eun , Park Jeong Soo , Hong Ji Hye , Jang Jae Won , Kim Hyunji , Roh Seokbeom , Lee Gyudo , Lee Dongho , Cho Sung-Yeon , Park Chulmin , Lee Dong-Gun , Lee Raeseok , Nho Dukhee , Yoon Dae Sung , Yoo Yong Kyoung , Lee Jeong Hoon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHighly sensitive rapid testing for COVID-19 is essential for minimizing virus transmission, especially before the onset of symptoms and in asymptomatic cases. Here, we report bioengineered enrichment tools for lateral flow assays (LFAs) with enhanced sensitivity and specificity (BEETLES2), achieving enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 viruses, nucleocapsid (N) proteins and immunoglobulin G (IgG) with 3-minute operation. The limit of detection is improved up to 20-fold. We apply this method to clinical samples, including 83% with either intermediate (35%) or low viral loads (48%), collected from 62 individuals (n = 42 for positive and n = 20 for healthy controls). We observe diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 88.1%, 100%, and 91.9%, respectively, compared with commercial LFAs alone achieving 14.29%, 100%, and 41.94%, respectively. BEETLES2, with permselectivity and tunability, can enrich the SARS-CoV-2 virus, N proteins, and IgG in the nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab, saliva, and blood serum, enabling reliable and sensitive point-of-care testing, facilitating fast early diagnosis.
Evolutionary differentiation of androgen receptor is responsible for sexual characteristic development in a teleost fish
Authors: Ogino Yukiko , Ansai Satoshi , Watanabe Eiji , Yasugi Masaki , Katayama Yukitoshi , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Okamoto Keigo , Okubo Kataaki , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Hara Ikuyo , Yamazaki Touko , Kato Ai , Kamei Yasuhiro , Naruse Kiyoshi , Ohta Kohei , Ogino Hajime , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Miyagawa Shinichi , Sato Tomomi , Yamada Gen , Baker Michael E. , Iguchi Taisen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTeleost fishes exhibit complex sexual characteristics in response to androgens, such as fin enlargement and courtship display. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their evolutionary acquisition remain largely unknown. To address this question, we analyse medaka (Oryzias latipes) mutants deficient in teleost-specific androgen receptor ohnologs (ara and arb). We discovered that neither ar ohnolog was required for spermatogenesis, whilst they appear to be functionally redundant for the courtship display in males. However, both were required for reproductive success: ara for tooth enlargement and the reproductive behaviour eliciting female receptivity, arb for male-specific fin morphogenesis and sexual motivation. We further showed that differences between the two ar ohnologs in their transcription, cellular localisation of their encoded proteins, and their downstream genetic programmes could be responsible for the phenotypic diversity between the ara and arb mutants. These findings suggest that the ar ohnologs have diverged in two ways: first, through the loss of their roles in spermatogenesis and second, through gene duplication followed by functional differentiation that has likely resolved the pleiotropic roles derived from their ancestral gene. Thus, our results provide insights into how genome duplication impacts the massive diversification of sexual characteristics in the teleost lineage.
Nanoarchitecture factors of solid electrolyte interphase formation via 3D nano-rheology microscopy and surface force-distance spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yue , Wu Wenkai , Gonzalez-Munoz Sergio , Forcieri Leonardo , Wells Charlie , Jarvis Samuel P. , Wu Fangling , Young Robert , Dey Avishek , Isaacs Mark , Nagarathinam Mangayarkarasi , Palgrave Robert G. , Tapia-Ruiz Nuria , Kolosov Oleg V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe solid electrolyte interphase in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, its dynamics and, significantly, its nanoscale structure and composition, hold clues to high-performing and safe energy storage. Unfortunately, knowledge of solid electrolyte interphase formation is limited due to the lack of in situ nano-characterization tools for probing solid-liquid interfaces. Here, we link electrochemical atomic force microscopy, three-dimensional nano-rheology microscopy and surface force-distance spectroscopy, to study, in situ and operando, the dynamic formation of the solid electrolyte interphase starting from a few 0.1 nm thick electrical double layer to the full three-dimensional nanostructured solid electrolyte interphase on the typical graphite basal and edge planes in a Li-ion battery negative electrode. By probing the arrangement of solvent molecules and ions within the electric double layer and quantifying the three-dimensional mechanical property distribution of organic and inorganic components in the as-formed solid electrolyte interphase layer, we reveal the nanoarchitecture factors and atomistic picture of initial solid electrolyte interphase formation on graphite-based negative electrodes in strongly and weakly solvating electrolytes.
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) drives chronic kidney disease progression in male mice
Authors: Yang Yunwen , Liu Suwen , Wang Peipei , Ouyang Jing , Zhou Ning , Zhang Yue , Huang Songming , Jia Zhanjun , Zhang Aihua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKidney injury initiates epithelial dedifferentiation and myofibroblast activation during the progression of chronic kidney disease. Herein, we find that the expression of DNA-PKcs is significantly increased in the kidney tissues of both chronic kidney disease patients and male mice induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In vivo, knockout of DNA-PKcs or treatment with its specific inhibitor NU7441 hampers the development of chronic kidney disease in male mice. In vitro, DNA-PKcs deficiency preserves epithelial cell phenotype and inhibits fibroblast activation induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1. Additionally, our results show that TAF7, as a possible substrate of DNA-PKcs, enhances mTORC1 activation by upregulating RAPTOR expression, which subsequently promotes metabolic reprogramming in injured epithelial cells and myofibroblasts. Taken together, DNA-PKcs can be inhibited to correct metabolic reprogramming via the TAF7/mTORC1 signaling in chronic kidney disease, and serve as a potential target for treating chronic kidney disease.
Aggregation pheromones have a non-linear effect on oviposition behavior in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Verschut Thomas A. , Ng Renny , Doubovetzky Nicolas P. , Le Calvez Guillaume , Sneep Jan L. , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Su Chih-Ying , Carlsson Mikael A. , Wertheim Bregje , Billeter Jean-Christophe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFemale fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) oviposit at communal sites where the larvae may cooperate or compete for resources depending on group size. This offers a model system to determine how females assess quantitative social information. We show that the concentration of pheromones found on a substrate increases linearly with the number of adult flies that have visited that site. Females prefer oviposition sites with pheromone concentrations corresponding to an intermediate number of previous visitors, whereas sites with low or high concentrations are unattractive. This dose-dependent decision is based on a blend of 11-cis-Vaccenyl Acetate (cVA) indicating the number of previous visitors and heptanal (a novel pheromone deriving from the oxidation of 7-Tricosene), which acts as a dose-independent co-factor. This response is mediated by detection of cVA by odorant receptor neurons Or67d and Or65a, and at least five different odorant receptor neurons for heptanal. Our results identify a mechanism allowing individuals to transform a linear increase of pheromones into a non-linear behavioral response.
Rational design of heterogenized molecular phthalocyanine hybrid single-atom electrocatalyst towards two-electron oxygen reduction
Authors: Fan Wenjun , Duan Zhiyao , Liu Wei , Mehmood Rashid , Qu Jiating , Cao Yucheng , Guo Xiangyang , Zhong Jun , Zhang Fuxiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle-atom catalysts supported on solid substrates have inspired extensive interest, but the rational design of high-efficiency single-atom catalysts is still plagued by ambiguous structure determination of active sites and its local support effect. Here, we report hybrid single-atom catalysts by an axial coordination linkage of molecular cobalt phthalocyanine with carbon nanotubes for selective oxygen reduction reaction by screening from a series of metal phthalocyanines via preferential density-functional theory calculations. Different from conventional heterogeneous single-atom catalysts, the hybrid single-atom catalysts are proven to facilitate rational screening of target catalysts as well as understanding of its underlying oxygen reduction reaction mechanism due to its well-defined active site structure and clear coordination linkage in the hybrid single-atom catalysts. Consequently, the optimized Co hybrid single-atom catalysts exhibit improved 2e− oxygen reduction reaction performance compared to the corresponding homogeneous molecular catalyst in terms of activity and selectivity. When prepared as an air cathode in an air-breathing flow cell device, the optimized hybrid catalysts enable the oxygen reduction reaction at 300 mA cm−2 exhibiting a stable Faradaic efficiency exceeding 90% for 25 h.
Structural conservation of HBV-like capsid proteins over hundreds of millions of years despite the shift from non-enveloped to enveloped life-style
Authors: Pfister Sara , Rabl Julius , Wiegand Thomas , Mattei Simone , Malär Alexander A. , Lecoq Lauriane , Seitz Stefan , Bartenschlager Ralf , Böckmann Anja , Nassal Michael , Boehringer Daniel , Meier Beat H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe discovery of nackednaviruses provided new insight into the evolutionary history of the hepatitis B virus (HBV): The common ancestor of HBV and nackednaviruses was non-enveloped and while HBV acquired an envelope during evolution, nackednaviruses remained non-enveloped. We report the capsid structure of the African cichlid nackednavirus (ACNDV), determined by cryo-EM at 3.7 Å resolution. This enables direct comparison with the known capsid structures of HBV and duck HBV, prototypic representatives of the mammalian and avian lineages of the enveloped Hepadnaviridae, respectively. The sequence identity with HBV is 24% and both the ACNDV capsid protein fold and the capsid architecture are very similar to those of the Hepadnaviridae and HBV in particular. Acquisition of the hepadnaviral envelope was thus not accompanied by a major change in capsid structure. Dynamic residues at the spike tip are tentatively assigned by solid-state NMR, while the C-terminal domain is invisible due to dynamics. Solid-state NMR characterization of the capsid structure reveals few conformational differences between the quasi-equivalent subunits of the ACNDV capsid and an overall higher capsid structural disorder compared to HBV. Despite these differences, the capsids of ACNDV and HBV are structurally highly similar despite the 400 million years since their separation.
Affinity maturation generates pathogenic antibodies with dual reactivity to DNase1L3 and dsDNA in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gomez-Bañuelos Eduardo , Yu Yikai , Li Jessica , Cashman Kevin S. , Paz Merlin , Trejo-Zambrano Maria Isabel , Bugrovsky Regina , Wang Youliang , Chida Asiya Seema , Sherman-Baust Cheryl A. , Ferris Dylan P. , Goldman Daniel W. , Darrah Erika , Petri Michelle , Sanz Iñaki , Andrade Felipe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnti-dsDNA antibodies are pathogenically heterogeneous, implying distinct origins and antigenic properties. Unexpectedly, during the clinical and molecular characterization of autoantibodies to the endonuclease DNase1L3 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we identified a subset of neutralizing anti-DNase1L3 antibodies previously catalogued as anti-dsDNA. Based on their variable heavy-chain (VH) gene usage, these antibodies can be divided in two groups. One group is encoded by the inherently autoreactive VH4-34 gene segment, derives from anti-DNase1L3 germline-encoded precursors, and gains cross-reactivity to dsDNA – and some additionally to cardiolipin – following somatic hypermutation. The second group, originally defined as nephritogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies, is encoded by diverse VH gene segments. Although affinity maturation results in dual reactivity to DNase1L3 and dsDNA, their binding efficiencies favor DNase1L3 as the primary antigen. Clinical, transcriptional and monoclonal antibody data support that cross-reactive anti-DNase1L3/dsDNA antibodies are more pathogenic than single reactive anti-dsDNA antibodies. These findings point to DNase1L3 as the primary target of a subset of antibodies classified as anti-dsDNA, shedding light on the origin and pathogenic heterogeneity of antibodies reactive to dsDNA in SLE.
Sub-micron spin-based magnetic field imaging with an organic light emitting diode
Authors: Geng Rugang , Mena Adrian , Pappas William J. , McCamey Dane R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantum sensing and imaging of magnetic fields has attracted broad interests due to its potential for high sensitivity and spatial resolution. Common systems used for quantum sensing require either optical excitation (e.g., nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, atomic vapor magnetometers), or cryogenic temperatures (e.g., SQUIDs, superconducting qubits), which pose challenges for chip-scale integration and commercial scalability. Here, we demonstrate an integrated organic light emitting diode (OLED) based solid-state sensor for magnetic field imaging, which employs spatially resolved magnetic resonance to provide a robust mapping of magnetic fields. By considering the monolithic OLED as an array of individual virtual sensors, we achieve sub-micron magnetic field mapping with field sensitivity of ~160 µT Hz−1/2 µm−2. Our work demonstrates a chip-scale OLED-based laser free magnetic field sensor and an approach to magnetic field mapping built on a commercially relevant and manufacturable technology.
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activates PKM2 to phosphorylate histone H3T11 and attenuate cellular senescence
Authors: Wu Yinsheng , Tang Lixu , Huang Han , Yu Qi , Hu Bicheng , Wang Gang , Ge Feng , Yin Tailang , Li Shanshan , Yu Xilan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVascular endothelial cells (ECs) senescence correlates with the increase of cardiovascular diseases in ageing population. Although ECs rely on glycolysis for energy production, little is known about the role of glycolysis in ECs senescence. Here, we report a critical role for glycolysis-derived serine biosynthesis in preventing ECs senescence. During senescence, the expression of serine biosynthetic enzyme PHGDH is significantly reduced due to decreased transcription of the activating transcription factor ATF4, which leads to reduction of intracellular serine. PHGDH prevents premature senescence primarily by enhancing the stability and activity of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Mechanistically, PHGDH interacts with PKM2, which prevents PCAF-catalyzed PKM2 K305 acetylation and subsequent degradation by autophagy. In addition, PHGDH facilitates p300-catalyzed PKM2 K433 acetylation, which promotes PKM2 nuclear translocation and stimulates its activity to phosphorylate H3T11 and regulate the transcription of senescence-associated genes. Vascular endothelium-targeted expression of PHGDH and PKM2 ameliorates ageing in mice. Our findings reveal that enhancing serine biosynthesis could become a therapy to promote healthy ageing.
Adipocyte YTH N(6)-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 1 protects against obesity by promoting white adipose tissue beiging in male mice
Authors: Yan Sujun , Zhou Xiaoling , Wu Canlan , Gao Yunyi , Qian Yu , Hou Jingyu , Xie Renxiang , Han Bing , Chen Zhanghui , Wei Saisai , Gao Xiangwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObesity, one of the most serious public health issues, is caused by the imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has been recently identified as a key regulator of obesity, while the detailed mechanism is elusive. Here, we find that YTH RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1), an m6A reader, acts as an essential regulator of white adipose tissue metabolism. The expression of YTHDF1 decreases in adipose tissue of male mice fed a high-fat diet. Adipocyte-specific Ythdf1 deficiency exacerbates obesity-induced metabolic defects and inhibits beiging of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) in male mice. By contrast, male mice with WAT-specific YTHDF1 overexpression are resistant to obesity and shows promotion of beiging. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 regulates the translation of diverse m6A-modified mRNAs. In particular, YTHDF1 facilitates the translation of bone morphogenetic protein 8b (Bmp8b) in an m6A-dependent manner to induce the beiging process. Here, we show that YTHDF1 may be an potential therapeutic target for the management of obesity-associated diseases.
An integrated photonic-assisted phased array transmitter for direct fiber to mm-wave links
Authors: Sanjari Pouria , Aflatouni Firooz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMillimeter-wave (mm-wave) phased arrays can realize multi-Gb/s communication links but face challenges such as signal distribution and higher power consumption hindering their widespread deployment. Hybrid photonic mm-wave solutions combined with fiber-optics can address some of these bottlenecks. Here, we report an integrated photonic-assisted phased array transmitter applicable for low-power, compact radio heads in fiber to mm-wave fronthaul links. The transmitter utilizes optical heterodyning within an electronically controlled photonic network for mm-wave generation, beamforming, and steering. A photonic matrix phase adjustment architecture reduces the number of phase-shift elements from M × N to M + N lowering area and power requirements. A proof-of-concept 2 × 8 phased array transmitter is implemented that can operate from 24–29 GHz, has a steering range of 40°, and achieves 5 dBm EIRP at an optical power of 55 mW without using active mm-wave electronics. Data streams at 2.5 Gb/s are transmitted over 3.6 km of optical fiber and wirelessly transmitted attaining bit-error rates better than 10−11.