bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Analytical Methods of Fossil Fuels Biodesulfurization Treatment
Authors: Al-Khazaali Wisam Mohammed Kareem , Ataei Seyed Ahmad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBiodesulfurization of fossil fuels is a promising method for treating the high sulfur content of crude oils and their derivatives in the future. This method is environmentally friendly and can desulfurize recalcitrant organosulfur compounds. Bioreactions depend on the treated fluid, targeted sulfur compounds, and the biotreaters applied. Various analytical methods support this treatment, including measurement of total sulfur and speciation of organosulfur compounds (HCS). Monitoring of intermediates, end products, biomass growth, and identification using methods such as genes, DNA, and hydrocarbons is also possible. Additionally, testing the occurrence of desired and undesired products is important. This history review summarizes these methods.
Spatial Analysis of the PM2.5 Air Pollution in Iraq by using R Language
Authors: Ali Sabah H. , Al-Shiha Abeer A. M. , Qubaa Abdalrahman R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Remote sensing refers to the acquisition of data and information about a phenomenon and a territory, without a direct contact with it. It is alternative to in-situ observation. Due to its wide coverage, multi-temporal and multispectral capability, remote sensing satellites have been used for studying and monitoring the spatial distribution of the aerosol pollution (like PM2.5) in the atmosphere. PM2.5 refers to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) that has a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers, which is about 3% the diameter of a human hair. The current study concentrates on the using of R programming language to process and analyze the retrieval PM2.5 dataset over Iraq for the period (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020), these data were downloaded from the European Union’s Earth observation Copernicus program through the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMs). The study presented output results of the PM2.5 concentration levels by developing an automatic tool that restructuring the netCDF file into excel file using R language. In addition, it produces different valuable charts that help in practical dataset interpretation and decision-making. The results of the study showed the variation in the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in the study area due to the diversity of pollution sources from one region to another.
Relationship Between the Concentrations of Black Carbon and some Meteorological Parameters Over Iraq using GIS Techniques
Authors: Wahab Basim I. , Hassan Baidaa J. , Al-Timimi Yaseen K. , Al-Ataby Iqbal K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Black carbon is a significant cause of global warming, and anthropogenic activity along with weather conditions affects its long-term variability. Numerous regional and socioeconomic factors have influenced the distribution of Black Carbon (BC) concentration. In this work, monthly black carbon remote sensing data were used to interpolate the yearly regional distributions of black carbon concentrations in order to investigate the link between black carbon concentrations and climatic factors and their spatial variance in Iraq during the period (1980 to 2022). The correlation coefficient between black carbon and several climatic variables, such as precipitation, temperature, wind speed, and pressure, has been calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient model. The findings also revealed that pressure has the strongest relationship with BC, with substantial positive correlations of more than 0.7 extending from the northeast through the centre to the extreme southeast. It becomes evident to us that the relationships between small particles and meteorological variables vary depending on the areas, the topography, the local climate, human and natural variances, and weather variations.
How, where, and when to charge electric vehicles – net-zero energy system implications and policy recommendations
Authors: Luh Sandro , Kannan Ramachandran , McKenna Russell , Schmidt Thomas J , Kober Tom 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A coordinated Charging Infrastructure (CI) strategy could accelerate the adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). Policymakers need to understand the tradeoffs between several types of CI developments. To support decision-makers, we apply the Swiss TIMES Energy system Model, which we extended with heterogeneous consumer segments with four trip types and several CI options. The novelty of this work lies in the interplay of such method advancements, representing BEV charging options with various CI types that can be accessed based on their location type at an hourly intraday temporal resolution. In explorative scenario analyses, we evaluate the effects of CI on car fleet deployment and their energy system implications in achieving net-zero CO2 emissions in Switzerland by 2050. Our analysis shows that the BEV share makes up 39%–77% of the fleet by 2050, and each BEV needs about 5 kW total charging capacity, split into 1.6–2.6 BEVs per private charger and 18–25 BEVs per public charger. Providing overnight charging access through private home chargers or public chargers in residential areas facilitates a 12%–20% increased BEV penetration compared to the reference scenario. For consumers without private home charging, improved public CI in non-residential areas increases BEV uptake by 24%. While low-power slow CI is cost-effective at home, high-power fast CI in commercial areas supports integration of solar PV. We highlight the need for coordinated CI policies and provide a variety of policy options based on our analysis and international insights.
Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient
Authors: García-Navas Vicente , Feliu Naliny , Blumstein Daniel T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Avian vocalizations have evolved in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic selective pressures. While there is some support for signal convergence in similar habitats that are attributed to adaptation to the acoustic properties of the environment (the “acoustic adaptation hypothesis,” AAH), there is also evidence for character displacement as a result of competition for signal space among coexisting species (the “acoustic niche partitioning hypothesis”). We explored the acoustic space of avian assemblages distributed along six different habitat types (from herbaceous habitats to warm rainforests) in southeastern Queensland, Australia. We employed three acoustic diversity indices (acoustic richness, evenness, and divergence) to characterize the signal space. In addition, we quantified the phylogenetic and morphological structure (in terms of both body mass and beak size) of each community. Acoustic parameters showed a moderately low phylogenetic signal, indicating labile evolution. Although we did not find meaningful differences in acoustic diversity indices among habitat categories, there was a significant relationship between the regularity component (evenness) and vegetation height, indicating that acoustic signals are more evenly distributed in dense habitats. After accounting for differences in species richness, the volume of acoustic space (i.e., acoustic richness) decreased as the level of phylogenetic and morphological resemblance among species in a given community increased. Additionally, we found a significantly negative relationship between acoustic divergence and divergence in body mass indicating that the less different species are in their body mass, the more different their songs are likely to be. This implies the existence of acoustic niche partitioning at a community level. Overall, while we found mixed support for the AAH, our results suggest that community-level effects may play a role in structuring acoustic signals within avian communities in this region. This study shows that signal diversity estimated by diversity metrics of community ecology based on basic acoustic parameters can provide additional insight into the structure of animal vocalizations.
Right coronary artery compromise following radiofrequency catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia: cases reports
Authors: Young William J , Vyas Sandip , Wragg Andrew , Sporton Simon , Rosengarten James , Schilling Richard J , Ang Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronary compromise is a serious potential complication following catheter ablation; however, procedural details in the literature are often lacking, preventing the identification of learning opportunities.

Case summary
We report two cases of right coronary compromise following catheter ablation for symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. After radiofrequency energy delivery at the coronary sinus ostium in both cases, inferior lead ST-elevation was observed. Diagnostic coronary angiography identified an occluded posterior left ventricular branch of the coronary artery, and optical coherence tomography demonstrated a high thrombus burden at this location. Electrocardiographic ST-segments settled with implantation of a drug-eluting stent.

Discussion
Coronary compromise was likely secondary to energy delivery during catheter ablation. This case series highlights the need for electrophysiologist to understand coronary anatomy relative to anatomical landmarks, to anticipate the risk of vascular injury as physical distance from the site of ablation is likely important. Risk for coronary compromise, while a rare complication, needs to be discussed with patients during the consenting process. We also demonstrate the importance of an efficient multi-disciplinary team process for managing acute procedural complications.
Impact of transfusion strategy on platelet aggregation and biomarkers in myocardial infarction patients with anemia
Authors: Silvain Johanne , Lattuca Benoit , Puymirat Etienne , Ducrocq Gregory , Dillinger Jean-Guillaume , Lhermusier Thibault , Procopi Niki , Cachanado Marine , Drouet Elodie , Abergel Helene , Danchin Nicolas , Montalescot Gilles , Simon Tabassome , Steg Philippe Gabriel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Higher rates of thrombotic events have been reported in myocardial infarction (MI) patients requiring blood transfusion. The impact of blood transfusion strategy on thrombosis and inflammation is still unknown.

Objective
To compare the impact of a liberal vs. a restrictive transfusion strategy on P2Y12 platelet reactivity and biomarkers in the multicentric randomized REALITY trial.

Methods
Patients randomized to a liberal (hemoglobin ≤10 g/dL) or a restrictive (hemoglobin ≤8 g/dL) transfusion strategy had VASP-PRI platelet reactivity measured centrally in a blinded fashion and platelet reactivity unit (PRU) measured locally using encrypted VerifyNow; at baseline and after randomization. Biomarkers of thrombosis (P-selectin, PAI-1, vWF) and inflammation (TNF-α) were also measured. The primary endpoint was the change in the VASP-PRI (difference from baseline and post randomization) between the randomized groups.

Results
A total of 100 patients randomized were included in this study (n = 50 in each group). Transfused patients received on average 2.4 ± 1.6 units of blood. We found no differences in change of the VASP PRI (difference 1.2% 95% CI (−10.3–12.7%)) or by the PRU (difference 13.0 95% CI (−21.8–47.8)) before and after randomization in both randomized groups. Similar results were found in transfused patients (n = 71) regardless of the randomized group, VASP PRI (difference 1.7%; 95% CI (−9.5–1.7%)) or PRU (difference 27.0; 95% CI (−45.0–0.0)). We did not find an impact of transfusion strategy or transfusion itself in the levels of P-selectin, PAI-1, vWF, and TNF-α.

Conclusion
In this study, we found no impact of a liberal vs. a restrictive transfusion strategy on platelet reactivity and biomarkers in MI patients with anemia. A conclusion that should be tempered due to missing patients with exploitable biological data that has affected our power to show a difference.
Critical steps in the production of oil from oilseed to reduce heterocyclic aromatic amines
Authors: Zhang Chenxia , Li Mengle , Ma Weiwei , Ma Yuxiang , Wang Xuede , Liu Huamin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Contamination by the heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) norharman and harman is one of the risks in vegetable oil production, so oil producers strive to decrease their content in the end products. In this study, the effects of production conditions—specifically, two pretreatment methods (roasting and microwaving), four extraction methods (two pressing and two solvent extraction) and adsorption refining (four absorbents)—of five oils (flaxseed, peanut, rapeseed, sesame, and sunflower seed) were evaluated. The results showed that microwaving as a pretreatment produced significantly fewer HAAs than roasting (P&lt;0.05). After two pretreatments, the HAA content of oils was ranked from high to low as follows: sunflower oil, sesame oil, flaxseed oil, rapeseed oil, and peanut oil. Solvent-extracted oils (9.16–316.73 µg/kg) had fewer HAAs than pressed oils (26.61–633.93 µg/kg). Using adsorbents reduced HAAs in oils from the initial 21.77–484.22 to 0.31–41.58 µg/kg, and the removal rate reached 99.28%. This study provides critical HAA reduction strategies for application in the oil production process to obtain safe final products.
The Promise of Bargaining Protocols
Authors: Lavie Shay , Tabbach Avraham 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Litigants settle in the shadow of the law, but they behave in the shadow of the settlement outcome. Disparities in bargaining power drive a wedge between the shadow of the settlement and the shadow of the law. Broad literature has recognized various problems that stem from this discrepancy, from suboptimal deterrence to distributive concerns. We offer a new perspective to address these concerns—regulating the settlement process, through a judge-induced bargaining protocol. We develop this argument through a bargaining protocol that assigns a take-it-or-leave-it offer to one of the parties and discuss the policy goals that such protocol could advance.
Corporate Governance Welfarism
Authors: Kahan Marcel , Rock Edward 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Corporate governance is on the verge of entering a new stage. After the managerialism that dominated the view of the corporation into the 1970s and the shareholderism that supplanted it, we are witnessing the emergence of a new paradigm: corporate governance welfarism. Welfarism rejects the faith that market forces will promote general welfare and lacks confidence in the government’s ability to set proper boundary constraints. By looking to corporations to internalize externalities directly, welfarism thus offers an alternative way to deal with social problems that the political system has failed to address. Welfarism comes in three strands—portfolio welfarism, shareholder welfarism, and direct social welfarism—two of which are consistent with shareholder primacy. The important distinction between welfarism and shareholderism, rather, is that welfarism, by embracing goals that are much broader than shareholder value as a means to promote overall welfare, reflects a departure from the classical liberal economic theory that underpins shareholderism. Welfarism, in turn, departs from managerialism in looking beyond the single firm, in relying on shareholder and stakeholder pressure rather than on managerial discretion to balance firm value maximization and broader objectives, and in embracing a wider set of potential stakeholders. Welfarism is on the rise ideologically. While it is unclear how much welfarism has already affected operations at individual firms, the underlying drivers of welfarism are likely to remain or grow. There are, therefore, good reasons to believe that the push towards welfarism will take hold, grow, and, over time, generate a welfarist turn in corporate governance. Welfarism, however, is subject to two inherent limitations. First, welfarism has its greatest traction for publicly traded companies with dispersed shareholders. By contrast, for companies with a single shareholder, a controlling shareholder, or a small group of shareholders, the welfarist prescriptions will have only a limited impact. Second, the very lack of consensus that impedes political solutions reemerges under and constrains welfarism by generating disagreements among shareholders, impugning its legitimacy, and imposing political barriers to its implementation.
Potential Benefit of Combined Topical and Intravenous Administration of Tranexamic Acid in Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: El Dein Abdelaziz Farouk Kamal , Sharaf Samia Ibrahim Ibrahim , Seif Eman Mohamed Kamal Abo , Ismail Abdelrahman Mohamed Tharwat Abdelaziz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Pediatric patients who undergo repair of congenital heart diseases on cardiopulmonary bypass are at great risk of postoperative bleeding. The major causes of bleeding are thrombocytopenia, platelets dysfunction, hemodilution and increased fibrinolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Non-surgical postoperative bleeding occurs due to micro-vascular bleeding from pericardial and mediastinal tissues when blood comes in contact with non-endothelial surfaces of the Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass (CPB) machine, compounded by liberal use of heparin and a complex interaction of humoral and cellular pathways.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the study is to asses if there is potential benefit of intrapericardial topical application of tranexamic acid when it is combined with the intravenous administration in reduction of postoperative bleeding after pediatric cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Patients and Methods
Type of the study: Interventional, randomized and double blinded clinical trial. Study Setting: The operating theaters of Ain Shams University Hospitals. Study period: Over one year (from March 2020 to March 2021). Standard management: Intravenous Tranexamic acid (TxA) injection.

Results
The estimated blood loss postoperatively in first 24 hrs. Were less in the combined group than the IV group. Requirements of blood transfusion also were statically significant in combined group than IV group from aspects of volume of PRBCs transfusion, Total number of patients exposed to transfusion and transfusion rate. There is no difference regarding ICU stay and need of surgical re exploration.

Conclusion
The combined use of low dose IV and topical intrapericardial tranexamic acid in children with congenital heart disease undergoing on pump cardiac surgery reduced the risk of post-operative bleeding and need for blood products transfusion when compared to the administration of IV tranexamic acid only suggesting a potential benefit of topical tranexamic acid in hemostasis.
Albumin as Early Fluid Bolus Therapy after Cardiac Surgery in the Critical Care Units
Authors: Noureldin Bassel , Hakim Karim , Ali Heba , Abdelsalam Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
After cardiac surgery, the use of intravenous fluids to reach specific goals is associated with improved clinical outcomes and shortened intensive care units (ICU) stay. Although type of fluid doesn’t seem to be of a great importance. Clinicians will have been involved in many local debates about the best fluid. Absence of evidence about what is the ideal fluid in this situation push researchers to conduct clinical trials in this context.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular effect of using 20% albumin in patients after cardiac surgery.

Methods
This was a double blinded RCT that was conducted at Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospital over 6 months on post-cardiac surgery mechanically ventilated patients with a clinical decision to administer fluid bolus therapy, that was assessed for enrollment.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding delta serum chloride at 24 h post-op (mmol/L) and renal replacement therapy post-operatively in ICU, and there was statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding ICU, and Hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, total dose nor epinephrine/kg in the first 24 h post-op (microg/kg), time to cessation of nor epinephrine infusion (h) and Delta serum creatinine at 24 h post-op (mg/dl).

Conclusion
In patients admitted to ICU following cardiac surgery, FBT with 20% albumin, when compared to crystalloid FBT, achieved equivalent cardiovascular optimization with smaller volumes of resuscitation fluid, less positive cumulative balance, and without evidence of any negative sequelae. Moreover, the use of 20% albumin for FBT was associated with lower amounts of vasopressor being delivered and shorter duration.
Role of Minimal Dose of Norepinephrine in Prevention of Hypotension Induced by Subarachnoid Anesthesia in Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: Latif Fahmy Saad , Anis Sherif George , Abdel-Dayem Ahmed , Tawfik Ahmed Mohamed Kamal Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Maternal hypotension is a common complication after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Spinal anesthesia techniques produce hypotension through blockade of sympathetic nerve fibers which control vascular smooth muscle tone. For elective cesarean section, regional anesthesia is preferred as a technique to general anesthesia because of maternal and fetal show a risk to morbidity and mortality. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section allows the mother to be awake, minimizes or completely avoids the problem of maternal aspiration, and avoids neonatal drug depression from general anesthetics.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study to assess the effectiveness of minimal dose of norepinephrine in preventing the episodes of hypotension that follow subarachnoid anesthesia in elective cesarean section.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted on 60 randomly chosen patients full filling the inclusion criteria at Ain-Shams university hospitals after approval of medical committee. They were allocated in two groups of 30 patients each: Group (A) received the minimal dose of norepinephrine (25 nanogram/kg/h). Group (B) didn’t receive an infusion with vasopressor.

Results
The patients in the study group (A) had less events of hypotension 10% compared to 76% in group (B) and less Tachycardia in group (A) with only 3.3% compared to group (B) which were 70%. Although no statistical difference in all other parameters measured in this study.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the use of norepinephrine as a vasopressor in the treatment of subarachnoid induced hypotension is safe and effective.