bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CA2 hippocampal subfield in humans: A review
Authors: Insausti Ricardo , Muñoz‐López Monica , Insausti Ana Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCA2 is probably the most enigmatic of the hippocampal fields. It is small in size (in humans about 500 μm across the mediolateral axis), and yet, it is involved in important functions, such as in social memory and anxiety. This study offers a glimpse of several significant aspects of the anatomical organization of CA2. We present an overview of the anatomical structure of CA2, imbued in the general organization of the human hippocampal formation. The location and distinctiveness of CA2 is presented in relation with CA3 and CA1, based in a total of 23 human control cases serially sectioned throughout the whole longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, examined every 500 μm in Nissl‐stained sections. The longitudinal extent of CA2 is close to 30 mm, starting in the hippocampal head, 2.5 mm caudal to the DG and 3.5 mm caudal to the start of CA3, approximately 10 mm from the hippocampus rostral end. The connectional information of human CA2 is very scarce, thereby we relied on nonhuman primate tract tracing studies of the hippocampal formation, given its resemblance to the human brain. Human CA2 is subject of neuropathological studies, and we chose to present Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis in those aspects that impinge directly into CA2.
SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen detection by saliva; an alternative to nasopharyngeal specimen: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jubair Mohammad , Rahman Sezanur , Begum Mst. Noorjahan , Talha Muhammad , Musarrat Raisha , Rahman A. K. M. Shafiqur , Uddin Mohammed Shehab , Wen AiMin , Ning YaoHui , Nahar Kamrun , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Rahman Mustafizur 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSaliva samples are less invasive and more convenient for patients than naso‐ and/or oropharynx swabs (NOS). However, there is no US Food and Drug Administration‐approved severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) rapid antigen test kit, which can be useful in a prolonged pandemic to reduce transmission by allowing suspected individuals to self‐sampling. We evaluated the performances of High sensitive AQ+ Rapid SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen Test (AQ+ kit) using nasopharyngeal swabs (NPs) and saliva specimens from the same patients in laboratory conditions.MethodsThe real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) test result was used for screening the inrolled individuals and compared as the gold standard. NP and saliva samples were collected from 100 rRT‐PCR positives and 100 negative individuals and tested with an AQ+ kit.ResultsThe AQ+ kit showed good performances in both NP and saliva samples with an overall accuracy of 98.5% and 94.0%, and sensitivity of 97.0% and 88.0%, respectively. In both cases, specificity was 100%. AQ+ kit performance with saliva was in the range of the World Health Organization recommended value.ConclusionxOur findings indicate that the saliva specimen can be used as an alternative and less invasive to NPs for quick and reliable SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen detection.
Investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status and domestic violence against women in Isfahan, Iran in 2021: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dabaghi Niloofar , Amini‐Rarani Mostafa , Nosratabadi Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDomestic violence can include controlling or coercive behaviors and acts, as well as physical, sexual, psychological, and financial elements. Given the significance of domestic violence against women and its complications, this study looked into the relationship between socioeconomic status and domestic violence against women in Isfahan in 2019.MethodsIn 2021, a cross‐sectional study of 427 married women referred to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan, Iran, was carried out. The available sampling method was chosen. To collect data, a domestic violence questionnaire and a socioeconomic status index were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Latent GOLD software.ResultsThe average age of the women in this study was 33.21, 37% worked, and 63 were housewives. Based on Latent class analysis method, women were classified into two groups of high or low socioeconomic status class. The findings revealed a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and different types of violence against women, including light physical violence, emotional violence, verbal violence, and sexual violence (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and domestic violence against women in Isfahan, with women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds being more vulnerable to violence. Given the prevalence of violence against women in the family and its consequences, policy makers should look for the causes of this type of violence as well as solutions to reduce this health and social problem. Factors such as the expansion of counseling and treatment centers in health care facilities, as well as education and life skills training, are particularly important in reducing this phenomenon in society.
A pattern‐centered analysis of adolescents' concerns and hopes about future crises: Differences in ways of coping and personal adjustment
Authors: Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Modecki Kathryn , Duffy Amanda L. , Hawes Tanya , Farrell Lara J. , Waters Allison M. , Gardner Alex A. , Shum David , Skinner Ellen A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionMany adolescents are concerned about global and future crises, such as the health of the planet or terrorism/safety. Yet, adolescents can also express hope about the future. Thus, asking adolescents about their concern and hope could yield subgroups with different ways of coping and personal adjustment.MethodAustralian adolescents (N = 863; age 10–16) completed surveys to report their concern (worry and anger) and hope about the planet, safety, jobs, income, housing, and technology, as well as their active and avoidant coping, depression, and life satisfaction.ResultsFour distinct subgroups were identified using cluster analysis: Hopeful (low on concern and high on hope across all issues, 32%), Uninvolved (low in concern and hope; 26%), Concerned about the Planet (CP, 27%), and Concerned about Future Life (CFL, 15%). When compared (adjusting for age, sex, and COVID timing), the CP subgroup was highest in active coping (e.g., taking action) but moderate in personal adjustment. Hopeful had the most positive adjustment, whereas CFL had the poorest adjustment. Uninvolved were lowest in coping but moderate in adjustment.ConclusionsFindings suggest ways of coping and adjustment may not always align, in that CP is connected with more active coping but also some cost to personal adjustment, whereas Hopeful is associated with optimal adjustment but perhaps at the cost of active coping. In addition, although CFL adolescents emerged as the at‐risk group, the low levels of hope and coping in Uninvolved adolescents raise the possibility that they are at risk of future problems.
AIP4 regulates adipocyte differentiation by targeting C/EBPα for ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation
Authors: Chowdhury Sangita , Singh Anil Kumar , Srivastava Swati , Upadhyay Vishal , Sethi Arppita , Siddiqui Shumaila , Trivedi Arun Kumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdipogenesis, that is, the formation of terminally differentiated adipocytes is intricately regulated by transcription factors where CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) plays a key role. In the current study, we demonstrate that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 negatively regulates C/EBPα protein stability leading to reduced adipogenesis. While AIP4 overexpression in 3T3‐L1 cells preadipocytes inhibited lipid accumulation when treated with differentiation inducing media (MDI), AIP4 depletion was sufficient to partially promote lipid accumulation even in the absence of MDI. Mechanistically, overexpression of AIP4 inhibited protein levels of both ectopically expressed as well as endogenous C/EBPα while catalytically inactive AIP4 failed. On the contrary, AIP4 depletion profoundly enhanced endogenous C/EBPα protein levels. The observation that AIP4 levels decrease with concomitant increase in C/EBPα levels during adipocyte differentiation further indicated that AIP4 negatively regulates C/EBPα levels. We further show that AIP4 physically interacts with C/EBPα and ubiquitinates it leading to its proteasomal degradation. AIP4 promoted K48‐linked ubiquitination of C/EBPα while catalytically inactive AIP4‐C830A failed. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AIP4 inhibits adipogenesis by targeting C/EBPα for ubiquitin‐mediated proteasome degradation.
A more accurate method to estimate muscle mass: A new estimation equation
Authors: Shi Shanshan , Chen Weihua , Jiang Yizhou , Chen Kaihong , Liao Ying , Huang Kun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of muscle mass is important in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Current measurement equipment are neither cost‐effective nor standardized and cannot be used in a variety of medical settings. Some simple measurement tools have been proposed that are subjective and unvalidated. We aimed to develop and validate a new estimation equation in a more objective and standardized way, based on current proven variables that accurately reflect muscle mass.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis with The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database for equation development and validation. Overall, 9875 participants were included for development (6913 participants) and validation (2962 participants), for whom the database included demographic data, physical measurements, and main biochemical indicators. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was estimated by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and low muscle mass was defined by reference to five international diagnostic criteria. Linear regression was used to estimate the logarithm of the actual ASM from demographic data, physical measurements, and biochemical indicators.ResultsThis study of 9875 participants comprised 4492 females (49.0%), with a weighted mean (SE) age of 41.83 (0.36) years and range of 12 to 85 years. The estimated ASM equations performed well in the validation data set. The variability in estimated ASM was low compared with the actual ASM (R2: Equation 1 = 0.91, Equation 4 = 0.89), with low bias (median difference: Equation 1 = −0.64, Equation 4 = 0.07; root mean square error: Equation 1 = 1.70 [1.69–1.70], Equation 4 = 1.85 [1.84–1.86]), high precision (interquartile range of the differences: Equation 1 = 1.87, Equation 4 = 2.17), and high efficacy in diagnosing low muscle mass (area under the curve: Equation 1 = 0.91 to 0.95, Equation 4 = 0.90 to 0.94).ConclusionsThe estimated ASM equations are accurate and simple and can be routinely applied clinically to estimate ASM and thus assess sarcopenia.
GSK484, an inhibitor of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, increases the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer and inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Wang Binbin , Su Xiaojuan , Zhang Bo , Pan Shiwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and a major cause of cancer‐related deaths. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4 or PADI4) is expressed in neutrophils that, when activated, can drive the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). PAD4 has been found to be upregulated in CRC patients and to predict a poor prognosis. This study is aimed at exploring the role of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484) in NET formation and radioresistance in CRC.MethodsReverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to measure PAD4 expression in CRC tissues and cells. GSK484, an inhibitor of PAD4, was investigated in the following functional assays in vitro: western blotting, clonogenic survival, colony formation, TUNEL, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Nude mouse xenograft models were applied to evaluate the effect of GSK484 on tumor growth in CRC in vivo. The formation of NETs influenced by GSK484 was also investigated.ResultsWe showed upregulation of PAD4 mRNA and protein in CRC tissues and cells. High expression of PAD4 was related to a poor prognosis in CRC patients. GSK484 treatment promoted the radiosensitivity of CRC cells and induced cell death by promoting DNA double‐strand breaks. Rescue experiments further verified that GSK484 inhibited the effects of PAD4 overexpression in irradiated CRC cells. Moreover, GSK484 injection strengthened the radiosensitivity of CRC and inhibited NET formation in vivo.ConclusionsPAD4 inhibitor GSK484 promotes the radiosensitivity of CRC and inhibits NET formation in vivo and in vitro.
Presence but not number of secondary type mutations influences outcome in de novo AML without MDS‐associated or recurring cytogenetic abnormalities
Authors: Weinberg Olga K. , Cantu Miguel D. , Gagan Jeffrey , Madanat Yazan F. , Arber Daniel A. , Hasserjian Robert P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA group of gene mutations has been identified to be strongly associated with secondary acute myeloid leukemias (AML) arising from prior myeloid neoplasms. The International Consensus Classification (ICC) and proposed 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification differ by inclusion of RUNX1. A recent study suggested that having two or more secondary mutations is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. In a study of 294 de novo AML patients, we found that patients with at least one ICC‐defined secondary mutation had shorter survival when compared to those without secondary mutations, and ICC/WHO groups of two or more mutations did not predict for worse outcomes.
Left Ventricular Vertical Run‐Length Nonuniformity MRI Adds Prognostic Value to MACE in Patients with End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Zhang Tian‐yi , An Dong‐aolei , Zhou Hang , Chen Binghua , Lu Renhua , Fang Wei , Wang Qin , Huang Jiaying , Jin Haijiao , Shen Jianxiao , Zhou Yin , Hu Jiani , Bautista Matthew , Ouchi Takahiro , Wu Lian‐Ming , Mou Shan 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundVertical run‐length nonuniformity (VRLN) is a texture feature representing heterogeneity within native T1 images and reflects the extent of cardiac fibrosis. In uremic cardiomyopathy, interstitial fibrosis was the major histological alteration. The prognostic value of VRLN in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) remains unclear.PurposeTo evaluate the prognostic value of VRLN MRI in patients with ESRD.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 127 ESRD patients (30 participants in the major adverse cardiac events, MACE group).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T/steady‐state free precession sequence, modified Look‐Locker imaging.AssessmentMRI image qualities were assessed by three independent radiologists. VRLN values were measured in the myocardium on the mid‐ventricular short‐axis slice of T1 mapping. Left ventricular (LV) mass, LV end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volume, as well as LV global strain cardiac parameters were measured.Statistical TestsThe primary endpoint was the incident of MACE from enrollment time to January 2023. MACE is a composite endpoint consisting of all‐cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and life‐threatening arrhythmia. Cox proportional‐hazards regression was performed to test whether VRLN independently correlated with MACE. The intraclass correlation coefficients of VRLN were calculated to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility. The C‐index was computed to examine the prognostic value of VRLN. P‐value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsParticipants were followed for a median of 26 months. VRLN, age, LV end‐systolic volume index, and global longitudinal strain remained significantly associated with MACE in the multivariable model. Adding VRLN to a baseline model containing clinical and conventional cardiac MRI parameters significantly improved the accuracy of the predictive model (C‐index of the baseline model: 0.781 vs. the model added VRLN: 0.814).Data ConclusionVRLN is a novel marker for risk stratification toward MACE in patients with ESRD, superior to native T1 mapping and LV ejection fraction.Evidence Level2Technical Efficacy Stage2
In vitro and in vivo assessment of extended duration cathodic voltage‐controlled electrical stimulation for treatment of orthopedic implant‐associated infections
Authors: Weeks Kyle , Clark Caelen , McDermott Eric , Mohanraj Gowtham , Tobias Menachem , Titus Albert , Duquin Thomas , Ehrensberger Mark T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEffective treatment of orthopedic implant‐associated infections (IAIs) remains a clinical challenge. The in vitro and in vivo studies presented herein evaluated the antimicrobial effects of applying cathodic voltage‐controlled electrical stimulation (CVCES) to titanium implants inoculated with preformed bacterial biofilms of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The in vitro studies showed that combining vancomycin therapy (500 µg/mL) with application of CVCES at −1.75 V (all voltages are with respect to Ag/AgCl unless otherwise stated) for 24 h resulted in 99.98% reduction in the coupon‐associated MRSA colony‐forming units (CFUs) (3.38 × 103 vs. 2.14 × 107CFU/mL, p < 0.001) and a 99.97% reduction in the planktonic CFU (4.04 × 104 vs. 1.26 × 108CFU/mL, p < 0.001) as compared with the no treatment control samples. The in vivo studies utilized a rodent model of MRSA IAIs and showed a combination of vancomycin therapy (150 mg/kg twice daily) with CVCES of −1.75 V for 24 h had significant reductions in the implant associated CFU (1.42 × 101 vs. 1.2 × 106 CFU/mL, p < 0.003) and bone CFU (5.29 × 101 vs. 4.48 × 106 CFU/mL, p < 0.003) as compared with the untreated control animals. Importantly, the combined 24 h CVCES and antibiotic treatments resulted in no implant‐associated MRSA CFU enumerated in 83% of the animals (five out of six animals) and no bone‐associated MRSA CFU enumerated in 50% of the animals (three out of six animals). Overall, the outcomes of this study have shown that extended duration CVCES therapy is an effective adjunctive therapy to eradicate IAIs.
Development and expansion of intramuscular adipose tissue is not dependent on UCP‐1‐lineage cells in mice
Authors: Parson Jacob C. , Zhang Xiao , Craft Clarissa S. , Magee Kristann L. , Scheller Erica L. , Meyer Gretchen A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccumulation of adipose tissue within and outside of skeletal muscle is associated with orthopedic injury and metabolic disease, where it is thought to impede muscle function. The close juxtaposition between this adipose and myofibers has led to hypotheses that paracrine interactions between the two regulate local physiology. Recent work suggests that intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) may have features of beige or brown fat, indicated by the expression of uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP‐1). However, this is contested by other studies. Clarification of this point is needed to inform our understanding of the relationship between IMAT and muscle health. To achieve this, we examined the effects of constitutive UCP‐1+ cell ablation (UCP1‐DTA) on IMAT development and homeostasis. IMAT developed normally in UCP1‐DTA mice, with no significant differences in quantity compared with wild‐type littermates. Likewise, IMAT accumulation in response to glycerol‐induced injury was similar between genotypes, with no significant differences in adipocyte size, quantity, or dispersion. This suggests that neither physiological nor pathological IMAT express UCP‐1 and that the development of IMAT does not depend on UCP‐1 lineage cells. In response to β3‐adrenergic stimulation, we find minor, localized UCP‐1 positivity in wildtype IMAT, but the bulk of the adipocytes are unresponsive. In contrast, two depots of muscle‐adjacent (epi‐muscular) adipose tissue have reduced mass in UCP1‐DTA mice and UCP‐1 positivity in wildtype littermates, comparable to traditional beige and brown adipose depots. Taken together this evidence strongly supports a white adipose phenotype for mouse IMAT and a brown/beige phenotype for some adipose outside the muscle boundary.
3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post‐traumatic osteoarthritis using MB‐SWIFT
Authors: Pala Swetha , Hänninen Nina E. , Mohammadi Ali , Ebrahimi Mohammadhossein , te Moller Nikae C. R. , Brommer Harold , René van Weeren P. , Mäkelä Janne T. A. , Korhonen Rami K. , Afara Isaac O. , Töyräs Juha , Mikkonen Santtu , Nissi Mikko J. , Nykänen Olli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess whether articular cartilage changes in an equine model of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), induced by surgical creation of standard (blunt) grooves, and very subtle sharp grooves, could be detected with ex vivo T1 relaxation time mapping utilizing three‐dimensional (3D) readout sequence with zero echo time. Grooves were made on the articular surfaces of the middle carpal and radiocarpal joints of nine mature Shetland ponies and osteochondral samples were harvested at 39 weeks after being euthanized under respective ethical permissions. T1 relaxation times of the samples (n = 8 + 8 for experimental and n = 12 for contralateral controls) were measured with a variable flip angle 3D multiband‐sweep imaging with Fourier transform sequence. Equilibrium and instantaneous Young's moduli and proteoglycan (PG) content from OD of Safranin‐O‐stained histological sections were measured and utilized as reference parameters for the T1 relaxation times. T1 relaxation time was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both groove areas, particularly in the blunt grooves, compared with control samples, with the largest changes observed in the superficial half of the cartilage. T1 relaxation times correlated weakly (Rs ≈ 0.33) with equilibrium modulus and PG content (Rs ≈ 0.21). T1 relaxation time in the superficial articular cartilage is sensitive to changes induced by the blunt grooves but not to the much subtler sharp grooves, at the 39‐week timepoint post‐injury. These findings support that T1 relaxation time has potential in detection of mild PTOA, albeit the most subtle changes could not be detected.
Benefits of using nonionic saccharide surfactant‐based detergents for nanostructured fluids as stubborn graffiti paint remover
Authors: Bartman Marcin , Balicki Sebastian , Hołysz Lucyna , Wilk Kazimiera A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExamples of nanostructured fluids (NSFs) used as highly specialized “brush‐on, wipe‐off” detergents for the removal of graffiti coatings resistant to removal are water‐in‐oil nanoemulsions that have been stabilized with nonionic saccharide surfactants. Nanodetergents with safe, ecofriendly ingredients were produced using high‐pressure homogenization (HPH). These ingredients included D‐limonene or 3‐methoxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, esterified vegetable oils, and alkyl polyglucosides (APG). Responsive surface methodology (RSM) optimization was used to identify the most efficient detergents for removing stubborn graffiti coatings. Two different types of black paint containing nitrocellulose or bitumen as components to strengthen the paint properties were used to create a stubborn graffiti coating on a marble surface. The effectiveness of the nanodetergents in removing the stubborn graffiti coatings was evaluated, and the results revealed a considerable variation in the pace at which the coatings could be removed by the nanodetergents, despite the fact that both paints strengthened with different additives showed similar surface properties. It was found that alkyl polyglucosides are highly efficient in stabilizing water‐in‐oil nanoemulsion systems, including diverse solvent types. These nanoemulsions can be used as specialized “brush‐on, wipe‐off” detergents for the precise removal of different graffiti coatings, which require a specified action period to prevent destroying the underlying original substrate.