bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The battle of the factors: Macroeconomic variables or investor sentiment?
Authors: Mascio David A. , Molyboga Marat , Fabozzi Frank J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper uses machine learning techniques to investigate whether popular macroeconomic or sentiment factors are better at predicting stock market returns. We find that although either macroeconomic or sentiment variables alone fail to improve the Sharpe ratio of the stock market, combining the factors improves the Sharpe ratio from 0.48 to 0.62 and reduces the investment drawdowns by roughly 30% from 53 percentage points to 36 percentage points. This improvement is significant in both economic and statistical terms. We further evaluate the performance of strategies across business cycle and find that macroeconomic variables tend to outperform sentiment variables during market expansions and underperform during recessions. The combined performance of the macroeconomic and sentiment variables is particularly strong during the late stage of recessions when the stock market is close to its bottom. Our finding is robust to the choice of machine learning technique and indicates that sentiment and macroeconomic information is complementary and, therefore, should be considered jointly by investors.
Inadvertent Hatchery Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Discovered in Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi Habitat: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Bourret Samuel L , Janak Jill M , Linley Tim J , Nims Megan K , McMichael Geoffrey A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fish hatcheries across North America release billions of fish into the wild every year to augment harvest opportunities in sport, commercial, and tribal fisheries, as well as to recover depressed populations. Despite these benefits, wild fish populations may be negatively affected when hatchery fish compete and/or hybridize with native species. Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi have decreased by 90% across their historic range; however, the Flathead River in Montana is a rangewide stronghold for these imperiled fish. The primary threat to Westslope Cutthroat Trout is hybridization with invasive Rainbow Trout O. mykiss, which leads to hybrid swarm formation and genomic extinction. We collected Rainbow Trout in Mill Creek, a tributary of the Flathead River, downstream from a hatchery that produces the species, and used otolith 87Sr/86Sr to determine whether individual fish were inadvertently introduced from the hatchery. Differences in 87Sr/86Sr among water samples from Mill Creek and the marine-derived hatchery food provided high-classification accuracy to determine the natal origins of Mill Creek Rainbow Trout. We found that 83 of the 106 Rainbow Trout collected (78%) were of hatchery origin. Otolith microstructure analysis indicated these fish had been in Mill Creek for ~1–32 weeks prior to capture. Our results illustrate the utility of otolith 87Sr/86Sr to identify hatchery fish in natural habitats and point to a source of invasive Rainbow Trout that pose conservation risks to native fishes in the drainage.
Research progress on the fibrinolytic enzymes produced from traditional fermented foods
Authors: Wang Panpan , Peng Cuiying , Xie Xiaomei , Deng Xiongwei , Weng Meizhi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health problem and leading cause of death worldwide. Thrombus formation, one of the CVDs, is essentially the formation of fibrin clots. The existing thrombolytic agents have the disadvantages of high price, short half‐life, and high bleeding risk; hence, there is an urgent need to find the alternative thrombolytic agents. In recent years, traditional fermented foods have been widely investigated for their outstanding effects in the prevention and treatment of thrombus formation. In this review, we have focused on fibrinolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms during the fermentation of traditional fermented foods and their potential use for treating CVDs. First, we discussed about the sources of fibrinolytic enzymes and microbial strains that produce those enzymes followed by the optimization of fermentation process, purification, and physicochemical properties of fibrinolytic enzymes. Finally, we have summarized the thrombolytic effects of fibrinolytic enzymes in humans and mice. Fibrinolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms during the fermentation of traditional fermented foods not only lyse thrombi but also acts as anti‐atherosclerotic, anti‐hyperlipidemia, and neuroprotection agents. Therefore, fibrinolytic enzymes from traditional fermented foods have great potential for the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
Characterization and valorization of soybean residue (okara) for the development of synbiotic ice cream
Authors: Farooq Rimsha , Mgomi Fedrick C. , Saeed Farhan , Ahmad Aftab , Asghar Aasma , Riaz Sakhawat , Ateeq Huda , Shah Yasir Abbas , Khan Mahbubur Rahman , Li Yi , Afzaal Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is an increasing challenge in probiotic viability and stability during food product formulation, processing, and storage. However, synbiotic functional foods have promising potential to deliver the targeted benefits. This study aimed to isolate the okara from soybean residue, and obtained okara flour was further characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Synbiotic ice cream was developed by fortification with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and okara at different concentrations (1–3%). Additionally, the synbiotic ice cream was subjected to physicochemical and sensory attributes over 60 days of storage. High viability of L. rhamnosus GG (8.17 log CFU/mL) was observed during storage at 3% okara. Moreover, adding okara at 2% or higher improved viscosity, reduced overrun, and maintained probiotic viability. When compared to the control (ice cream without okara), synbiotic ice cream exhibited a higher protein content and a lower fat level. The synergistic combination of probiotics and okara in ice cream is a potentially novel approach for developing functional ice cream. The addition of okara is not only helpful in increasing the nutritional value of the ice cream but will also be a way forward to minimize agricultural waste. Synbiotic ice cream developed in this study may be considered a potential functional food rich in protein and low in fat.
The regulatory role of differential microRNA expressions on cellular inflammatory factors IL‐6 and IL‐10 in Echinococcus granulosus‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Wang Chun‐sheng , Yu Tao , Kulaixi Xilizhati , Zhou Jing‐ru , Abulajiang Xianyidan , Wang Jia‐ling , Wang Si‐jia , Ye Jian‐rong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the pathogenesis and molecular targets of anaphylaxis caused by hydatid cyst fluid leakage.MethodsFirst, Balb/c mice were infected with Echinococcus granulosus, and then the anaphylaxis model was developed. The mice were separated into: anaphylaxis caused by the cystic echinococcosis group (ANPC), the cystic echinococcosis without anaphylaxis group (CE group), and the normal control group (CTRL). Following this, the spleen tissue was collected for microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. Using bioinformatics analysis, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Then, through the use of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, the key target genes for miRNA regulation associated with echinococcosis‐induced anaphylaxis were identified.ResultsANPC and CE groups have 29 and 39 DEMs compared to the CTRL group, respectively. Based on these 25 DEMs, interactions between miRNA and mRNA were screened, and 174 potential target genes were identified. We performed gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis on these 174 target genes, and the results revealed that the three pathways with the highest enrichment were the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and Focal adhesion. The interaction analysis of PPI and miRNA‐hub gene networks revealed that interleukin 6 (IL‐6) was regulated by miR‐146a‐5p and miR‐149‐5p, while IL‐10 was regulated by miR‐29b‐3p and miR‐29c‐3. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we found that the miRNAs regulating IL‐6 and IL‐10 were significantly upregulated in the ANPC group, and there are three pathways involved in that process: Pathways of PI3K‐Akt signaling, FoxO signaling, and Focal adhesion. IL‐6 and IL‐10 play an important role in cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis. Therefore, the aforementioned results provide significant reference value for elucidating the mechanism of cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis in echinococcosis‐induced anaphylaxis, and for formulating tissue and organ protection strategies for patients with cystic echinococcosis when anaphylaxis is triggered by hydatid cyst rupture.
Severe hemolytic exacerbations of Chinese PNH patients infected SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron
Authors: Yang Hui , Chai Xingxing , Gong Yuemin , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Lingling , Zhou Xin , Chen Xiaoyu , Xu Jinge , Xu Dan , He Guangsheng , Li Jianyong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by hemolytic anemia, bone marrow failure, thrombophilia. COVID‐19, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with many variants including Omicron.MethodsThis study collected demographic and clinical data of 20 PNH patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection.ResultsThey all were with high disease activity, and LDH level exceeded any documented since the diagnosis of PNH, and those reported in the literature for previously stable treatment with complement inhibitors. D‐dimer level elevated in 10 patients. 2 patients developed mild pulmonary artery hypertension. Glomerular filtration rate declined in 5 patients. 1 patient developed acute renal failure and underwent hemodialysis. Anemia and hemolysis were improved in 5 patients treated with eculizumab.ConclusionsHemolytic exacerbation of PNH with COVID‐19 is severe and eculizumab may be an effective treatment.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane affects estradiol production in female rats but not H295R cells
Authors: Ogawa Masahiro , Kitamoto Junya , Takeda Takeo , Hori Masami , Shikano Kisako , Yamanaka‐Tanaka Amami , Tanaka Tomoki , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Terada Megumi , Tanaka Taku 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSex hormones, such as androgens and estrogens, are predominantly produced in the gonads (ovaries and testes) and adrenal cortex. Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that mimic, block, or interfere with hormones in the endocrine systems of humans and organisms. EDCs mainly act via nuclear receptors and steroidogenesis‐related enzymes. In the OECD conceptual framework for testing and assessment of EDCs, several well‐known assays are used to identify the potential disruption of nuclear receptors both in vivo and in vitro, whereas the H295R steroidogenesis assay is the only assay that detects the disruption of steroidogenesis. Forskolin and prochloraz are often used as positive controls in the H295R steroidogenesis assay. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was suspected one of EDCs, but the effects of D5 on steroidogenesis remain unclear. To establish a short‐term in vivo screening method that detects the disruption of steroidogenesis, rats in the present study were fed a diet containing forskolin, prochloraz, or D5 for 14 days. Forskolin increased plasma levels of 17β‐estradiol (E2) and testosterone as well as the mRNA level ofCyp19in both the adrenal glands and ovaries. Prochloraz induced the loss of cyclicity in the sexual cycle and decreased plasma levels of E2 and testosterone. D5 increased E2 levels and shortened the estrous cycle in a dose‐dependent manner; however, potential endocrine disruption was not detected in the H295R steroidogenesis assay. These results demonstrate the importance of comprehensively assessing the endocrine‐disrupting effects of chemicals on steroidogenesis in vivo.
The worm Adult Activity Test (wAAT): A de novo mathematical model for detecting acute chemical effects in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hunt Piper Reid , Welch Bonnie , Camacho Jessica , Bushana Priyanka N. , Rand Hugh , Sprando Robert L. , Ferguson Martine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have adapted a semiautomated method for tracking Caenorhabditis elegans spontaneous locomotor activity into a quantifiable assay by developing a sophisticated method for analyzing the time course of measured activity. The 16‐h worm Adult Activity Test (wAAT) can be used to measure C. elegans activity levels for efficient screening for pharmacological and toxicity‐induced effects. As with any apical endpoint assay, the wAAT is mode of action agnostic, allowing for detection of effects from a broad spectrum of response pathways. With caffeine as a model mild stimulant, the wAAT showed transient hyperactivity followed by reversion to baseline. Mercury chloride (HgCl2) produced an early dose–response hyperactivity phase followed by pronounced hypoactivity, a behavior pattern we have termed a toxicant “escape response.” Methylmercury chloride (meHgCl) produced a similar pattern to HgCl2, but at much lower concentrations, a weaker hyperactivity response, and more pronounced hypoactivity. Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) induced hypoactivity at high concentrations. Acute toxicity, as measured by hypoactivity in C. elegans adults, was ranked: meHgCl > HgCl2 > NaAsO2 = DMA. Caffeine was not toxic with the wAAT at tested concentrations. Methods for conducting the wAAT are described, along with instructions for preparing C. elegans Habitation Medium, a liquid nutrient medium that allows for developmental timing equivalent to that found with C. elegans grown on agar with OP50 Escherichia coli feeder cultures. A de novo mathematical parametric model for adult C. elegans activity and the application of this model in ranking exposure toxicity are presented.
A novel selenite‐tolerant rhizosphere bacterium Wautersiella enshiensis sp. nov., isolated from Chinese selenium hyperaccumulator, Cardamine hupingshanensis
Authors: Yuan Linxi , Xia Zengrun , He Chenyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelenium (Se) is a dietary essential trace element for humans with various physiological functions and it could also be accumulated by some plant species, like Astragalus bisulcatus, Stanleya pinnata, and Cardamine hupinshanensis. A novel Gram‐stain‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, selenite‐tolerant bacterium, designated strain YLX‐1T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a Se hyperaccumulating plant, Cardamine hupingshanensis in Enshi, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YLX‐1T is a potential new species in the genus Wautersiella. Strain YLX‐1T could grow in the temperature range of 4–37°C (optimally at 28°C) and in the pH range of 5–9 (optimum pH 7), which also could tolerate Se up to 6000 mg Se/L via producing extracellular red nano‐Se with 100–300 nm size. However, it could predominantly accumulate selenocystine (SeCys2) in the cell under lower Se stress (1.5 mg Se/L). These results would help broaden our knowledge about the Se accumulation and transformation mechanism involved in rhizosphere bacteria like strain YLX‐1T in C. hupingshanensis. Based on polyphasic data, we propose the creation of the new species Wautersiella enshiensis sp. nov., strain YLX‐1T ( = CCTCC M 2013671) which will be promising to produce nano‐Se as fertilizer, food additives or medicine.
End‐user preferences to enhance prospects for varietal acceptance and adoption in potato breeding in Uganda
Authors: Nantongo Judith Ssali , Tinyiro Samuel Edgar , Nakitto Mariam , Serunkuma Edwin , Namugga Prossy , Ayetigbo Oluwatoyin , Mayanja Sarah , Moyo Mukani , Ssali Reuben , Mendes Thiago 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPotato varieties have diverse biophysical characteristics, so it is important for breeders to have the capacity to choose those that meet the preferences of end users, such as mealiness, firmness, and taste, among others. Combining user preferences with descriptive information regarding the sensory characteristics of boiled potatoes can contribute to the improvement of consumer‐driven varieties. This study aimed to factor in the preferences of end users to improve the prospects for varietal acceptance, adoption, and discrimination among genotypes in potato breeding.RESULTSThe priority quality traits (traits that play the most significant roles in acceptance and adoption) of the boiled potatoes were determined by evaluating gender and livelihood using the G+ tool. The G+ tool is designed to assess gender impact on roots, tubers and bananas (RTB) traits by serving as a validation check to reflect on important gender‐based issues in agricultural food systems in order to reduce harm and promote positive impact. Potato genotypes were differentiated by penetration (textural parameters as measured by standard texture probe) and the procedure was repeatable, as there was no significant difference between the cooking replicates at 40 min of cooking. Instrument‐based texture parameters, such as penetration peak force (hardness/firmness) and area (area under the curve, which represents energy needed to penetrate) of boiled potato tubers were significantly associated with sensory attributes such as fracturability and hardness in the mouth. An attempt to differentiate genotypes using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) revealed that the average results observed for the calibration for yellow color (r2 = 0.70), homogeneity of color (r2 = 0.48), moisture in mass (r2 = 0.40), and uniformity of texture (r2 = 0.56) suggested that these parameters could be used for initial breeding screening purposes.CONCLUSIONSThe preferred traits of the boiled potato can be integrated into the potato‐breeding program/product profile. Near‐infrared spectroscopy shows strong potential to predict potato color and the ability of NIRS models to predict some texture attributes is also promising. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Training Program Factors Most Important to Women When Selecting an Otolaryngology Residency
Authors: Hoskins Meloria , Bhanja Debarati , Piper Molly , Strausser Sarah A. , Mansfield Kirsten , Zheng Amy , McNutt Sarah , Goss Madison , Lighthall Jessyka G. , Burns Amy S. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine factors that female resident physicians find most influential when choosing an otolaryngology residency program.MethodsA three‐part survey was sent to current female otolaryngology residents via email evaluating the importance of 19 characteristics impacting program choice. The 19 factors were scored from 1 (least important) to 5 (most important). The participants also ranked their personal top five most influential factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOne‐hundred and fifty of 339 contacted residents participated. Most were aged 30–39 (63%), white (70%), and married (43%). Eighty‐five percent had no children, and 52% did not plan to have children during residency. The highest scoring factors derived from Likert scale ratings included resident camaraderie (4.5 ± 0.8), resident happiness (4.4 ± 0.8), and case variety/number (4.4 ± 0.8). The lowest scoring factors were number of fellows (2.9 ± 1.1), attitudes toward maternity leave (2.7 ± 1.3), and maternity leave policies (2.4 ± 1.2). The top five most influential factors and the percentage selecting this were resident camaraderie (57%), resident happiness (57%), academic reputation (51%), case variety/number (47%), and early surgical/clinical experience (44%). Gender‐specific factors were infrequently selected. However, 51 (34%) ranked at least one gender‐specific factor within their top five list.ConclusionNon‐gender‐related factors, like resident camaraderie and surgical experiences, were most valued by women. Conversely, gender‐specific factors were less critical and infrequently ranked. Ninety‐nine residents (64%) rated exclusively gender‐neutral characteristics in their top five list of most influential factors. Our data offer insight into program characteristics most important to female otolaryngology residents, which may assist residency programs hoping to match female applicants.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:600–606, 2024
Can legume seeds establish after land degradation by buffelgrass? Evidence to initiate restoration in Central Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Morales‐Romero Daniel , Rosas‐Becerra Rosangelica , Ortega‐Rosas Carmen Isela , Molina‐Freaner Francisco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBuffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) has been introduced in many localities of northwestern Mexico for cattle grazing. Recent studies have documented how the conversion of natural vegetation to buffelgrass pastures affects several ecological processes that result in high levels of desertification and the subsequent abandonment of lands. However, no previous study has documented successful restoration in these habitats. In this paper we report the results of several experiments focused on the restoration of these areas using native legume species of the region. We selected a degraded buffelgrass pasture considered unproductive by local ranchers in central Sonora. We carried out experiments to evaluate seed removal, seedling emergence, and seedling establishment of native legumes species (Prosopis glandulosa, Parkinsonia microphylla and P. praecox). Our results showed that P. microphylla had greater emergence (10%) than the other two species despite the high seed removal recorded. In addition, P. microphylla was the species with the highest survival (1.4%). Thus, our results show that ecological recovery using native species is possible in desertified buffelgrass pastures. Considering the ecological benefits of P. microphylla in the Sonoran Desert (i.e., nurse plant, positive associations, plant‐growth promoting), this species could be considered highly valuable in restoration procedures.
Land reclamation increased labile and moderately labile P fractions and strengthened co‐occurrence network ofgcdcommunity in calcareous soils
Authors: Zhang Licun , Ren Gang , Chu Guixin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLand reclamation significantly impacts the transformation and availability of phosphorus (P) in soils. P‐solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) play key roles in activating soil P. However, the responses of PSMs to the buildup of P under land reclamation and the relationship between different P fractions and PSMs have not been clearly clarified. Here, an investigation was carried out containing three treatments: (i) vegetable field (VF), (ii) cropland (CF), and (iii) uncultivated land (UL). Different P fractions were measured; the abundance of stable oxygen isotope in phosphate of D.HCl‐Pi was determined. The diversity, composition, and co‐occurrence network of P‐solubilizing glucose dehydrogenase community (gcd) were analyzed. Compared with the UL treatment, soil total P in the treatments of VF and CF was significantly increased by 1.5 and 1.2 times, respectively. The proportions of labile and moderately labile P in the treatments of VF and CF were 151% and 58% higher than in the UL treatment. The α‐diversity ofgcdcommunity (i.e., Shannon and Chao1 indices) in the VF and CF treatments was significantly greater than in the UL treatment. The change ingcdcommunity structure was closely associated with resin‐Pi, NaHCO3‐Pi, and NaOH‐Pi. The nodes and edges in the co‐occurrence networks of VF and CF treatments were higher than in the UL treatment. Overall, a substantial amount of P was accumulated after land reclamation, which was more pronounced by labile and moderately labile P than non‐labile P; the complexity and robustness ofgcdcommunity's co‐occurrence network were notably strengthened by land reclamation.