bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open modelling problems: cognitive barriers and instructional prompts
Authors: Schukajlow Stanislaw , Krawitz Janina , Kanefke Jonas , Blum Werner , Rakoczy Katrin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOpen mathematical modelling problems that can be solved with multiple methods and have multiple possible results are an important part of school curricula in mathematics and science. Solving open modelling problems in school should prepare students to apply their mathematical knowledge in their current and future lives. One characteristic of these problems is that information that is essential for solving the problems is missing. In the present study, we aimed to analyze students’ cognitive barriers while they solved open modelling problems, and we evaluated the effects of instructional prompts on their success in solving such problems. A quantitative experimental study (N = 263) and a qualitative study (N = 4) with secondary school students indicated that identifying unknown quantities and making numerical assumptions about these quantities are important cognitive barriers to solving open modelling problems. Task-specific instructional prompts helped students overcome these barriers and improved their solution rates. Students who were given instructional prompts included numerical assumptions in their solutions more often than students who were not given such prompts. These findings contribute to theories about solving open modelling problems by uncovering cognitive barriers and describing students’ cognitive processes as they solve these problems. In addition, the findings contribute to improving teaching practice by indicating the potential and limitations of task-specific instructional prompts that can be used to support students’ solution processes in the classroom.
Review of Pseudomonas species causing bacterial canker of Prunus species with emphasis on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) in New Zealand
Authors: Marroni M. Virginia , Casonato Seona , Pitman Andrew R. , Visnovsky Sandra B. , Beresford Robert M. , Jones E. Eirian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBacterial canker of cherry is a major constraint to stone fruit production worldwide, including New Zealand. Six pathovars of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae are known to cause bacterial canker on Prunus species. From those six pathovars, P. s. pv. syringae (Pss), P. s. pv. morsprunorum race 1 (Psm1) and P. s. pv. persicae have been reported as pathogens of Prunus species in New Zealand, and Pss and Psm1 on sweet cherry (Pr. avium). On sweet cherry, extensive development of cankers and gummosis is usually observed, particularly during late winter and spring, with the progressive decline of trees resulting from the death of branches or death of the plant. In young orchards in New Zealand, losses of 20–50%, and sometimes the removal of entire cherry blocks have been observed. This review reports on the current knowledge of P. syringae pathovars causing bacterial canker of Prunus species, with specific focus on sweet cherry in New Zealand, and covers their identification, the infection process, virulence associated factors, epidemiology, symptoms, and management strategies.
Atomistic insights into the effect of temperature on capillary transport of water molecules in epoxy-modified calcium silicate hydrate nanopore: diffusion, kinetics, and mechanism
Authors: Xie Yiping , Luo Qi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe movement of water molecules at the atomic scale within the calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel pores serves a dual role: it creates an environment for harmful chemical reactions within the pores and functions as a carrier for the transport of detrimental ions, thereby affects the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious materials. However, direct experimental observation poses substantial challenges. This study offers new insights into how temperature (253 K, 273 K, 293 K, and 313 K) affects the capillary transport of water molecules in epoxy-modified C–S–H. The findings demonstrate that the pore size undergoes continuous changes during immersion due to epoxy clustering or detachment, resulting in three scenarios: narrowing of epoxy/C–S–H channels (253 K, 273 K), channel blockage (293 K), and complete detachment (313 K). Moreover, the interactions between water molecules and epoxy lead to epoxy detachment or cluster formation on the C–S–H surface. As the temperature increases, the interaction between C–S–H and cross-linked epoxy resin weakens. The coordination between C–S–H and epoxy resin decreases, while the coordination with water increases. This paper provides valuable insights into the transport behavior of liquids within the epoxy-modified C–S–H pores of cement-based materials. It contributes to a better understanding of how liquids move and interact within the modified pore structure, which is beneficial for enhancing the performance and properties of cement-based materials.
Is this time different? How Industry 4.0 affects firms’ labor productivity
Authors: Bettiol Marco , Capestro Mauro , Di Maria Eleonora , Ganau Roberto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Does Industry 4.0 technology adoption push firms’ labor productivity? We contribute to the literature debate—mainly focused on robotics and large firms—by analyzing adopters’ labor productivity returns when micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) are concerned. We employ original survey data on Italian MSMEs’ adoption investments related to a multiplicity of technologies and rely on a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. Results highlight that Industry 4.0 technology adoption leads to a 7% increase in labor productivity. However, this effect decreases over time and is highly heterogeneous with respect to the type, the number, and the variety of technologies adopted. We also identify potential channels explaining the labor productivity returns of technology adoption: cost-related efficiency, new knowledge creation, and greater integration/collaboration both within the firm and with suppliers.

Plain English Summary
Becoming Industry 4.0 technology adopter boosts Italian manufacturing micro, small, and medium enterprises’ (MSME) labor productivity by more than 7% on average. This is the key finding of new research based on original survey data collected from a sample of MSMEs operating in “Made in Italy” industries. Specifically, the research suggests that brand-new adopters of Industry 4.0 technologies gain a labor productivity premium compared to their non-adopting counterparts that lasts for up to 2 years after the adoption occurred. However, the productivity returns of technology adoption show non-linearities with respect to both the number of new technologies adopted by the firm and the variety of “technology groups” (production, customization, and data processing technologies). Overall, these results point to the relevance of industrial policies promoting the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies by MSMEs, and this seems to be particularly the case for all those countries where MSMEs make the bulk of the national industrial system.
Welke rol spelen jeugdartsen bij het re-integratietraject van een leerling met ziekteverzuim?
Authors: Boonen-Stael Hananja , Ruland Erik , Reijs Rianne 
Published: September 2023

Samenvatting
Inleiding
Om mogelijke negatieve individuele en maatschappelijke gevolgen te minimaliseren is het van belang dat het re-integratietraject van leerlingen met ziekteverzuim succesvol verloopt. Onderwijsprofessionals en de jeugdarts spelen een rol in dit re-integratieproces. Met dit onderzoek willen we inzicht krijgen in opvattingen over deze rol en adviezen formuleren om de re-integratiezorg voor leerlingen te verbeteren.

Methoden
We voerden een kwalitatief onderzoek uit met semigestructureerde interviews bij tien jeugdartsen werkzaam in Zuid-Limburg. Deze werden thematisch geanalyseerd volgens de Grounded-theory-benadering.

Resultaten
De deelnemende jeugdartsen zijn zoekend naar hun rol bij re-integratie. Door een toename van complexe problematiek voelen ze zich onmachtig en ondeskundig. Ze hebben behoefte aan een duidelijkere rolbeschrijving voor jeugdartsen en onderwijsprofessionals, en het versterken van re-integratiekennis en -vaardigheden. Dit draagt vermoedelijk ook bij aan het verbeteren van het samenwerkingsproces.

Conclusie
De rol van jeugdartsen bij re-integratiezorg is volgens de Zuid-Limburgse jeugdartsen toe aan doorontwikkeling. Rolbeschrijving en scholing worden aanbevolen. Daarnaast moet worden geïnvesteerd in de samenwerkingsrelatie tussen de jeugdarts en onderwijsprofessionals. De rolverdeling van de betrokken actoren dient te worden besproken en duidelijke samenwerkingsafspraken moeten worden gemaakt ter verbetering van het re-integratieproces.
Big advocacy, little recognition: the hidden work of Black patients in precision medicine
Authors: Gerido Lynette Hammond , Resnicow Kenneth , Stoffel Elena M. , Tomlin Tiah , Cook-Deegan Robert , Cline Melissa , Coffin Amy , Holdren Jill , Majumder Mary Anderlik , He Zhe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs cost-effective next-generation genome sequencing rapidly develops, calls for greater inclusion of Black people in genomic research, policy, and practice are necessary for effective translation of genomic science into precision population health and medicine. Employing a community-based participatory mixed methods research design, we developed a semi-structured survey that was disseminated to three cancer advocacy organizations. Of the 81 survey respondents 49 (60%) self-identified as Black, and 26 (32%) indicated a prior breast cancer diagnosis. Black participants’ expressed concerns about genetic testing were evenly distributed between concerns that could be addressed through genetic counseling (24%) and concerns about subsequent use of their genetic data (27%). Patient advocates contributed to contextualization of respondent concerns in terms of community experiences. Although genetic counseling services and policies governing genomic data use are not always accessible to many Black communities, advocates on our research team provided a bridge to discussion of the intersection between respondent concerns and the roles advocates play in filling gaps in access to genetic counseling and data governance. Concerns expressed by Black patients underscore a shared need among all patients for access to education, inclusion in research, and assurances regarding the use and handling of genetic data. Black cancer patients have joined in patient-led efforts to overcome systemic inequities in cancer care to improve their health outcomes through representation. Often their efforts are overshadowed by a relentless burden of continued health disparities. Future research should support their hidden work as a means to reduce barriers and improve representation in genomic databases.
The circadian activity rhythms for elderly inpatients with stroke or motor diseases in a rehabilitation facility and its relationship to physical activity level
Authors: Nakagawa Yuki , Noda Kazue , Inoue Yosuke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDisturbances in the circadian activity rhythms (CARs) of inpatients in rehabilitation facilities delay the recovery of physical and mental functions. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the circadian activity rhythms of hospitalized patients in a rehabilitation facilitie using the synthetic periodic regression analysis, and investigate the relationship between their physical activity levels and CARs.An observational study was conducted. A group of thirty-four inpatients participated in the study by wearing wrist-type activity monitors to measure metabolic equivalents (METs). Using synthetic periodic regression analysis, the CARs were analyzed based on the amount of physical activity throughout the day, and the exercise intensity classification of their physical activity was assessed. In the CARs of the inpatients, the mean physical activity level was 1.23 ± 0.09 METs. The maximum amount was 1.36 ± 0.15 METs. The range was 0.30 ± 0.15 METs. The maximum phase time was 11:48 ± 2:31 h. The longer the duration of physical activity over 1.6 METs, the higher the mean, maximum and range of the CARs. Physical activities with a METs level of 1.6 or higher might have an impact on the mean, maximum, and range of circadian activity rhythms in hospitalized patients.
An interactive patient transfer network and model visualization tool for multidrug-resistant organism prevention strategies
Authors: Octaria Rany , Cincotta Samuel , Healy Jessica , Gowler Camden , Paul Prabasaj , Walters Maroya , Slayton Rachel 
Published: September 2023

Background: The CDC’s new Public Health Strategies to Prevent the Spread of Novel and Targeted Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) were informed by mathematical models that assessed the impact of implementing preventive strategies directed at a subset of healthcare facilities characterized as influential or highly connected based on their predicted role in the regional spread of MDROs. We developed an interactive tool to communicate mathematical modeling results and visualize the regional patient transfer network for public health departments and healthcare facilities to assist in planning and implementing prevention strategies. Methods: An interactive RShiny application is currently hosted in the CDC network and is accessible to external partners through the Secure Access Management Services (SAMS). Patient transfer volumes (direct and indirect, that is, with up to 30 days in the community between admissions) were estimated from the CMS fee-for-service claims data from 2019. The spread of a carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)–like MDROs within a US state was simulated using a deterministic model with susceptible and infectious compartments in the community and healthcare facilities interconnected through patient transfers. Individuals determined to be infectious through admission screening, point-prevalence surveys (PPSs), or notified from interfacility communication were assigned lower transmissibility if enhanced infection prevention and control practices were in place at a facility. Results: The application consists of 4 interactive tabs. Users can visualize the statewide patient-sharing network for any US state and select territories in the first tab (Fig. 1). A feature allows users to highlight a facility of interest and display downstream or upstream facilities that received or sent transfers from the facility of interest, respectively. A second tab lists influential facilities to aid in prioritizing screening and prevention activities. A third tab lists all facilities in the state in descending order of their dispersal rate (ie, the rate at which patients are shared downstream to other facilities), which can help identify highly connected facilities. In the fourth tab, an interactive graph displays the predicted reduction of MDRO prevalence given a range of intervention scenarios (Fig. 2). Conclusions: Our RShiny application, which can be accessed by public health partners, can assist healthcare facilities and public health departments in planning and tailoring MDRO prevention activity bundles.Disclosures: None
Must watch propaganda: the marginal treatment effect of foreign media among always-takers
Authors: Gulotty Robert , Yu Arthur Zeyang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudies of political persuasion often use an exogenous encouragement as an instrument for persuasive messaging. However, for some people, such encouragement is insufficient, while for others, it is unnecessary. These individuals are excluded from methods that only estimate a treatment effect among compliers. Using the marginal treatment effect framework, we extend research finding that exposure to West German television increases support for communism. We find that, because of self-selection, for those who watch West German TV regardless of signal quality, i.e. always-takers, cutting off West German television would have increased support for communism. Our extrapolation shows that media choices reinforce, rather than mollify, political preferences.
Bidirectional associations between parenting stress and child psychopathology: The moderating role of maternal affection
Authors: Chiang Shou-Chun , Bai Sunhye 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParenting stress and child psychopathology are closely linked in parent-child dyads, but how the bidirectional association varies across childhood and adolescence, and shifts depending on maternal affection are not well understood. Guided by the transactional model of development, this longitudinal, prospective study examined the bidirectional relations between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems and investigated the moderating role of maternal affection from childhood to adolescence. Participants were from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a diverse, nationally representative sample of 2,143 caregiving mothers who completed assessments at children ages 5, 9, and 15. Using cross-lagged panel modeling, we found bidirectional effects between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, additional multigroup analyses showed that bidirectional associations depend on the levels of maternal affection. In the high maternal affection group, parenting stress at age 5 predicted higher internalizing and externalizing problems at age 9, and reverse child-to-parent paths were found from age 9 to age 15. In contrast, only one cross-lagged path was found in the low maternal affection group. Findings suggest that maternal affection can heighten the transactional associations between parenting stress and child psychopathology.
Parity constitutionalism
Authors: Dixon Rosalind , Prieto Rudolphy Marcela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2021, the Chilean Convention became the first constitution-making body with gender parity. However, the draft – which reflected many gender-related norms – was rejected by 61.89 per cent of voters in the exit plebiscite of 2022. In this article, we argue that although parity constitutionalism has promise and, in the Chilean case, was linked to gender-related outcomes in the constitutional text, parity’s promise may fail to materialize. We thus caution against a naïve view of parity constitutionalism as one of the key legacies of the 2020–22 Chilean constitution-making process.
Linking Sediment Gas Storage to the Methane Dynamics in a Shallow Freshwater Reservoir
Authors: Marcon Lediane , Schwarz Michael , Backes Laura , Offermann Mara , Schreiber Felix , Hilgert Stephan , Sotiri Klajdi , Jokiel Christian , Lorke Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFreshwater reservoirs are globally relevant sources of the greenhouse gas methane. Organic matter rich sediments are hot spots of methane production and can store large amounts of methane dissolved in porewater and as free gas. Yet, in situ data on the gas storage as free gas (bubbles) in freshwater sediments are scarce. Here, an acoustic approach was tested and used to map the gas content in the sediment of a shallow temperate reservoir. The sediment gas storage was linked to the methane budget obtained from almost 2 years of in situ monitoring. The emission fluxes were dominated by ebullition and degassing at the reservoir outlet, which combined accounted for 93% of the total methane emissions. 66% of the ebullition variability was explained by a combination of environmental parameters. Mappings of sediment gas content using echo sounder surveys revealed the accumulation of free gas in regions of elevated sediment deposition. Temporally, the gas storage in the sediment was related to methane emissions, in which a period of intensified emissions resulted in a reduction of sediment gas storage. The sediment could store an equivalent of 4 to 13 days of accumulated potential methane production, which could supply the mean ebullition flux for more than 2 months. We suggest that sediment gas storage plays an important role in buffering and modulating methane emissions in aquatic systems and need to be accounted for in process‐based models.
Non‐Lightning‐Generated Whistler Waves in Near‐Venus Space
Authors: George H. , Malaspina D. M. , Goodrich K. , Ma Y. , Ramstad R. , Conner D. , Bale S. D. , Curry S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of Venusian lighting has been debated for decades. Terrestrial lightning generates whistler waves, and many whistlers have been observed in Venus's ionosphere and induced magnetosphere. Venusian lightning occurrence rates derived from these whistler observations are relatively high. However, optical flashes on Venus are exceedingly rare and Venus encounters by multiple spacecrafts have not detected lightning. These non‐detections and rare optical observations are consistent with low Venusian lightning occurrence rates, which is incompatible with the high whistler‐derived rates. We present observations of whistlers during a Parker Solar Probe Venus gravity assist and eliminate lightning as a possible source. These waves are observed at an altitude of 0.39 Venus radii on Venus' nightside with planetward propagation and are simultaneous with Langmuir waves. This provides a mechanism for whistler generation near Venus that does not require lightning, and suggests that whistler‐based lightning occurrence rates may be overestimated.
Astronomical Forcing of Sea‐Level Changes and the History of the Solar System 1,640 Million Years Ago
Authors: Shi Juye , Fan Tailiang , Jin Zhijun , Liu Quanyou , Zhang Tan , Jiang Ming , Wang Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Paleoproterozoic was an important stage in the evolution of life and the environment during Earth's history. Understanding astronomical rhythms and solar system behavior in the Paleoproterozoic is often challenging. In this study, ∼190 m high‐resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) and ∼30 m high‐resolution Ba/Al data are used to conduct cyclostratigraphic analyses of the Chuanlinggou Formation in the Yanliao Rift, North China Craton. Spectral analysis indicates significant peaks at wavelengths of 12.1–7.7, 2.8–1.6, 0.58–0.33, and 0.29–0.22 m, which matches well with the astronomical cycles predicted by Waltham for ∼1,640 Ma. A 9.9‐Myr astronomical time scale is constructed by tuning the MS series to the 405‐kyr‐long eccentricity cycle. The geological records show ∼1.56‐Myr very long eccentricity period and ∼1.0‐Myr very long obliquity period (close to 3(s4 − s3) − 2(g4 − g3) = 0) in the Paleoproterozoic. The sea‐level change curve predicted by dynamic noise models reveals a significant ∼1.0‐Myr period, indicating that sea level fluctuation may have been driven by the very long obliquity period. Bayesian inversion is used to further estimate the evolution of the ancient Earth‐Moon orbital parameters, constraining a precession rate of 87.14 ± 0.25 arcsec/year and an Earth‐Moon distance of 341,530 ± 390 km for the Paleoproterozoic Changcheng System. These results indicate that astronomical orbital forcing may have played an important role in climate and sea‐level changes in the Precambrian, increasing the understanding of the fundamentals of global sea level fluctuations, orbitally driven mechanisms and the chaotic behavior of the Precambrian solar system.