bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The drivers and predictability of wildfire re-burns in the western United States (US)
Authors: Solander K C , Talsma C J , Vesselinov V V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Evidence is mounting that the effectiveness of using prescribed burns as a management tactic may be diminishing due to the higher incidence of wildfire re-burns. The development of predictive models of re-burns is thus essential to better understand their primary drivers so that forest management practices can be updated to account for these events. First, we assess the potential for human activity as a driver of re-burns by evaluating re-burn trends both within and outside of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) of the western US. Next, we investigate the predictability of re-burns through the application of both random forest and the explanatory machine learning non-negative matrix factorization using k-means clustering (NMFk) algorithms to predict re-burn occurrence over California based on a number of climate factors. Our findings indicate that while most states showed increasing trends within the WUI when trends were conducted over longer moving windows (e.g. 20 years), California was the only state where the rate of increase was consistently higher in the WUI, indicating a stronger potential for human activity as a driver in that location. Furthermore, we find model performance was found to be robust over most of California (Testing F1 scores = 0.688), although results were highly variable based on EPA level III Ecoregion (F1 scores = 0.0–0.778). Insights provided from this study will lead to a better understanding of climate and human activity drivers of re-burns and how these vary at broad spatial scales so that improvements in forest management practices can be tuned according to the level of change that is expected for a given region.
Integrated care in cardiovascular disease: a statement of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Ski Chantal F , Cartledge Susie , Foldager Dan , Thompson David R , Fredericks Suzanne , Ekman Inger , Hendriks Jeroen M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In a rapidly changing health and care landscape, there is acknowledgement that the organization of care should be integrated with the patient placed at the centre. In reality, care systems are often fragmented, disjointed, and focused on the condition rather than the patient. The Science Committee of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology recognizes the need for a statement on integrated care to guide health professionals caring for people with cardiovascular disease. This statement outlines the evidence for integrated cardiovascular care, identifies challenges, and offers advice for practice, education, and research.
A new test of dynamical dark energy models and cosmic tensions in Hořava gravity
Authors: Di Valentino Eleonora , Nilsson Nils A , Park Mu-In 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Hořava gravity has been proposed as a renormalizable, higher derivative, Lorentz-violating quantum gravity model without ghost problems. A Hořava gravity-based dark energy (HDE) model for dynamical dark energy has also been proposed earlier by identifying all the extra (gravitational) contributions from the Lorentz-violating terms as an effective energy–momentum tensor in Einstein equation. We consider a complete cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), and supernova Ia data test of the HDE model by considering general perturbations over the background perfect HDE fluid. Except from BAO, we obtain the preference of non-flat universes for all other data set combinations. We obtain a positive result on the cosmic tensions between the Hubble constant H0 and the cosmic shear S8, because we have a shift of H0 towards a higher value, though not enough for resolving the H0 tension, but the value of S8 is unaltered. This is in contrast to a rather decreasing H0 but increasing S8 in a non-flat Lambda cold dark matter (LCDM). For all other parameters, like Ωm and $\Omega _\Lambda$, we obtain quite comparable results with those of LCDM for all data sets, especially with BAO, so that our results are close to a cosmic concordance between the data sets, contrary to the standard non-flat LCDM. We also obtain some undesirable features, like an almost null result on Ωk, which gives back the flat LCDM, if we do not predetermine the sign of Ωk, but we propose several promising ways for improvements by generalizing our analysis.
Effect of Second-Stage Pushing Timing on Postpartum Pelvic Floor Morbidity
Authors: Tuuli Methodius G. , Gregory W. Thomas , Arya Lily A. , Lowder Jerry L. , Woolfolk Candice , Caughey Aaron B. , Srinivas Sindhu K. , Tita Alan T. N. , Macones George A. , Cahill Alison G. , Richter Holly E. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether immediate or delayed pushing in the second-stage results in higher risk of pelvic floor morbidity.

METHODS:
This study was a planned secondary aim of a multicenter randomized clinical trial that included nulliparous patients at 37 weeks of gestation or greater in labor with neuraxial analgesia. Participants were randomized in the second stage to initiate pushing immediately or wait 60 minutes before pushing. Participants had pelvic floor assessments at 1–5 days postpartum, 6 weeks postpartum, and 6 months postpartum. Rates of perineal lacerations, pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) measures, and scores on validated symptom-specific distress and quality-of-life questionnaires (PFDI-20 [Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory], PFIQ [Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire], FISI [Fecal Incontinence Severity Index], and MMHQ [Modified Manchester Health Questionnaire]) were compared. It was estimated that 630 participants would provide more than 80% power to detect a 40% difference in second-degree or greater perineal lacerations and approximately 80% power to detect a 40% difference in stage 2 or greater pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

RESULTS:
Among 2,414 participants in the primary trial conducted between May 19, 2014, and December 16, 2017, 941 (39%) had pelvic floor assessments: 452 immediate pushing and 489 delayed pushing. The mean age was 24.8 years, and 93.4% had vaginal delivery. There were no significant differences in perineal lacerations at delivery and POP at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Changes from baseline in total and subscale scores for the PFDI-20, the PFIQ, and the MMHQ were not significantly different at 6 weeks postpartum and 6 months postpartum. The change in FISI score was higher in the immediate pushing group at 6 months (2.9±5.7 vs 2.0±4.5, difference 0.9, P=.01), but less than the minimum important difference of 4.

CONCLUSION:
Among nulliparous patients in the second stage with neuraxial analgesia, immediate pushing, compared with delayed pushing, did not increase perineal lacerations, POP-Q measures, or patient-reported pelvic floor symptoms at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02137200.
A Population-Based Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Solid Organ Transplantation in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Gomez David , Stukel Therese A. , Baxter Nancy N. , Acuna Sergio A. , Wilton Andrew S. , Treleaven Darin , Ordon Michael , Kim S. Joseph 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on solid organ transplantation.

Background:
COVID-19 caused unprecedented disruption to solid organ transplantation (kidney, liver, heart, lung). Concerns about safety and decreases in deceased donors due to pandemic lockdowns have been described as potential causes.

Methods:
We report population-based rates of transplantation during the first 3 waves of COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada (March 1, 2020–July 3, 2021) versus a pre-COVID-19 baseline period (January 1, 2017–February 29, 2020). Poisson models were used to predict transplantation rates during COVID-19, based on pre-COVID-19 rates, and generate observed to expected rate ratios (RRs). Ninety-day transplant outcomes (mortality, retransplantation, transplant nephrectomy) were captured.

Results:
A 34.4% decrease (RR, 0.656; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.586–0.734) in transplant rates was observed, coinciding with wave 1 and the deployment of a provincial transplant triaging system. Transplants decreased by 14.6% in wave 2 (RR, 0.854; 95% CI, 0.770–0.947) and 23.1% in wave 3 (RR, 0.769; 95% CI, 0.690–0.857) despite the triaging system not being activated. Overall, there was a 24.3% decrease (RR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.679–0.844) in transplant rates, equivalent to 409 fewer transplants. No sustained changes were observed in heart or liver but sustained and large decreases were seen for lung (RR, 0.664; 95% CI, 0.482–0.915) and kidney (RR, 0.721; 95% CI, 0.602–0.863) transplantation. A low prevalence (1.7%) of COVID-19 infection within 90 days of transplantation was seen. No differences were observed in other 90-day outcomes.

Conclusions:
Early safety concerns limited transplantation to immediate life-saving procedures; however, the reductions in kidney and lung transplants continued for the rest of the pandemic, where no restrictions were in place.
Complications affecting the functional outcome after 1 year in older adults with severe head injury
Authors: Lin Ming-Hsiu , Lu Chih-Cheng , Chang Chia-Hao , Tsai Tsung-Chih 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
This study explored possible significant complications, which affected the functional outcome after 1-year follow-up in older adults with severe head injury.

Methods
Retrospective secondary data were collected from the hospital medical information system. The patients who suffered from severe head injury (Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≧16) with the disease classification system were collected in the study. The survived patients were followed by telephone 1 year after discharge. Documented complications, Glasgow Outcome Scale, and Functional Independence Measure were used for comparisons. This study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the hospital.

Results
Between January 2009 and September 2015, patients who were 65 years and older, diagnosed with ISS ≧16, were enrolled. There were 142 patients collected, and 60 patients survived reachable for more than 1 year for follow-up and analysis. The mean age of collected survival was 75.2 ± 6.1 years. Both complications of pneumonia and urinary tract infection had worsened the outcome of the older patients after 1-year follow-up (P < 0.001). After 1 year, those who had complications with urinary tract infection but not pneumonia had a worse prognosis in the aspects of functional outcome in 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions
Older adults with severe head injuries often have high mortality. When they survived, independent life activities are critical for their quality of life. Urinary tract infections during admission have detrimental effects on the functional outcome in the older patients. Prevention of urinary tract infection is encouraged for better outcome in older patients with severe head injury.
Epidemiology of Injuries in Wheelchair Basketball: Trauma Versus Overuse Mechanism and Prevention Rehabilitative Strategies
Authors: Farì Giacomo , Macchiarola Dario , Quarta Francesco , Bianchi Francesco Paolo , Caforio Laura , Cutti Andrea Giovanni , Megna Marisa , Ranieri Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Wheelchair basketball (WB) is one of the most practiced sports among people with disabilities worldwide. There is a lack of data in scientific literature about injuries in sports for disabled people compared with able-bodied sports. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of injuries in professional WB athletes in an Italian cohort, distinguishing between trauma and overuse lesions and discussing the role of rehabilitation to prevent them.

Materials and Methods
The design is that of a cross-sectional study. An online survey was distributed to a group of Italian WB athletes competing in the first and second division of FIPIC (Wheelchair Basketball Italian Federation). The survey included demographic data, medical diagnoses, and athletes’ injuries history. The sample size consisted of 104 players.

Results
Forty-six injuries were reported. Of these, 32/46 (69.6%) were traumatic injuries and 14/46 (30.4%) were overuse injuries. The incidence of tendinopathies and fractures was significantly higher than for other injuries (P < 0.0001). Right shoulder (P < 0.0001), right hand (P = 0.002), and left hand (P = 0.041) injuries incidence was higher than any other injury in a statistically significant manner. The traumatic injuries group had a statistically significant difference in terms of days of suspension from sport activities compared with overuse injuries group (traumatic: median, 30; interquartile range [IQR], 14.5–40.0; range, 1–730 vs. overuse: median, 20.5; IQR, 10–21; range, 1–30; P = 0.006).

Conclusions
Trauma injuries are more common than overuse injuries. Injury prevention strategies should be based on rethinking protection devices technologies and integrating sport activities into a tailored rehabilitation global project that considers each athlete’s functional impairment and needs.

Clinical Relevance
Implementing the knowledge on WB injuries can really help to reinterpret rehabilitation in a new way, aimed at both the treatment and the prevention of these injuries. This will make this sport safer and more effective in improving the physical skills of people with disabilities.
Test–Retest Reliability and Efficacy of Individual Symptoms in Concussion Management
Authors: Caccese Jaclyn B. , Garcia Gian-Gabriel P. , Kontos Anthony P. , Port Nicholas , Valerio Kate , Broglio Steven P. , McCrea Michael , McAllister Thomas W. , Pasquina Paul F. , Buckley Thomas A. ,   CARE Consortium Investigators
Published: January 2023

Objective:
(1) To determine test–retest reliability of individual Sport Concussion Assessment Tool—Third Edition (SCAT-3) symptom scores and symptom severity scores, (2) to examine the specificity/sensitivity of individual SCAT-3 symptom severity scores acutely (24-48 hours) postconcussion, and (3) to develop a model of symptoms best able to differentiate concussed from nonconcussed student athletes and cadets.

Design:
Prospective, longitudinal, and cross-sectional.

Setting:
Twenty-six civilian schools and 3 US service academies.

Participants:
Collegiate student athletes (n = 5519) and cadets (n = 5359) from the National Collegiate Athletic Association–Department of Defense Grand Alliance: Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium, including 290 student athletes and 205 cadets, assessed 24 to 48 hours postconcussion.

Independent Variables:
Concussed and nonconcussed student athlete and cadet groups.

Main Outcome Measures:
Sport Concussion Assessment Tool—Third Edition individual symptom severity scores, total symptom scores, and symptom severity scores.

Results:
Results indicated poor test–retest reliability across all symptom scores (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.029-0.331), but several individual symptoms had excellent predictive capability in discriminating concussed from nonconcussed participants (eg, headache, pressure in the head, and don't feel right had area under the curve >0.8, sensitivity >70%, and specificity >85%) regardless of baseline testing. These symptoms were consistent with Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector classification trees with the highest mean probability.

Conclusions:
Findings support the excellent diagnostic accuracy of honest symptom reporting, notwithstanding the known limitations in symptom underreporting, and suggest that there may be added value in examining individual symptoms rather than total symptom scores and symptom severity scores alone. Finally, findings suggest that baseline testing is not necessary for interpreting postconcussion symptom scores.
Factors associated with bleeding after ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Shald Elizabeth A. , Ohman Kelsey , Kelley Denise , Busey Kirsten , Erdman Michael J. , Smotherman Carmen , Ferreira Jason A. 
Published: January 2023

Ultrasound-assisted catheter directed thrombolysis (US-CDT) is frequently used for the treatment of pulmonary embolism. Due to the variety of thrombolytic and anticoagulant dosing utilized in practice, patients with pulmonary embolism who undergo US-CDT may be at an increased risk of bleeding.
The primary objective of this study was to determine factors associated with major bleeding occurring with US-CDT. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and ventilator-free days.
This multicentre retrospective cohort study evaluated inpatients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and treated with US-CDT and systemic anticoagulation.
A total of 173 patients were included. Most patients receiving US-CDT had a submassive pulmonary embolism with a median Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score of 85. Major bleeding events occurred in 37 of the 173 patients (21%). In-hospital mortality occurred in four (11%) of the patients who experienced major bleeding and three (2%) patients who did not experience major bleeding (P = 0.04). Factors associated with a higher risk of major bleeding included female sex and anticoagulation strategy. The odds of major bleeding were 3.3 times higher for women than for men (odds ratio = 3.32, 95% confidence interval 1.29–8.54). In addition, for each second increase in goal aPTT the odds of major bleeding increased by 5% (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.09).
In patients with pulmonary embolism treated with US-CDT, major bleeding may be underestimated. In this analysis, major bleeding was associated with female sex and higher goal aPTT levels. In addition, bleeding with US-CDT was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
Military deployment-related respiratory problems: an update
Authors: Garshick Eric , Blanc Paul D. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Military personnel deployed to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan were potentially exposed to high levels of fine particulate matter and other pollutants from multiple sources, including dust storms, burn pit emissions from open-air waste burning, local ambient air pollution, and a range of military service-related activities that can generate airborne exposures. These exposures, individually or in combination, can have adverse respiratory health effects. We review exposures and potential health impacts, providing a framework for evaluation.

Recent findings
Particulate matter exposures during deployment exceeded U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Epidemiologic studies and case series suggest that in postdeployment Veterans with respiratory symptoms, asthma is the most commonly diagnosed illness. Small airway abnormalities, most notably particularly constrictive bronchiolitis, have been reported in a small number of deployers, but many are left without an established diagnosis for their respiratory symptoms. The Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act was enacted to provide care for conditions presumed to be related to deployment exposures. Rigorous study of long-term postdeployment health has been limited.

Summary
Veterans postdeployment to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan with respiratory symptoms should undergo an exposure assessment and comprehensive medical evaluation. If required, more advanced diagnostic considerations should be utilized in a setting that can provide multidisciplinary expertise and long-term follow-up.
Biomarkers for acute kidney injury in children – where are we now?
Authors: Sandokji Ibrahim , Greenberg Jason H. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Review the literature over the last 2 years on commonly evaluated biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) and highlight the findings of these biomarkers.

Recent findings
Among several studied AKI biomarkers, urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the combination of urine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) have been recently studied most frequently as diagnostic biomarkers of AKI and for AKI risk stratification. Urine NGAL has continued to show good discriminative value to predict and diagnose AKI in childhood. Urine TIMP-2∗IGFBP7 can provide modest improvement to clinical models of AKI.

Summary
Prior research supports that AKI biomarkers may identify AKI at an earlier time point and indicate clinically meaningful tubular injury. More effort should be made to understand if AKI biomarkers can guide treatments and improve outcomes
Simultaneous thoracic and abdominal donation after circulatory death organ recovery: the abdominal surgeon's perspective
Authors: Thiessen Carrie , Wisel Steven A. , Roll Garrett R. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the review
To summarize the international experience with heart-liver (joint) donation after circulatory death (DCD) procurements and to explore the technical challenges in joint abdominal and thoracic DCD procurement.

Recent findings
Following completion of the Donors After Circulatory Death Heart Trial in the US, combined thoracic and abdominal DCD is poised to become the standard of care, expanding access to life-saving heart and lung allografts. DCD heart procurement relies on collection of donor blood for priming of the normothermic perfusion pump, which delays cooling of abdominal organs and increases risk of ischemic injury. We review the effect of donor ischemia time on abdominal organs, with several proposed technical solutions to optimize transplant outcomes for all organs.

Summary
The strategies reviewed in this manuscript may inform clinical decision-making, preoperative coordination between thoracic and abdominal procurement teams, and surgical technique for joint DCD procurements. Several approaches to organ procurement organization (OPO) and national policy, as well as future areas of focus for research are proposed.
The Impact of Religion and Spirituality on Suicide Risk in Veterans and Refugees With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Brandt Mathilde K. , Sandahl Hinuga , Carlsson Jessica 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It has been suggested that religion and spirituality have a protective impact on suicide risk in populations living with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This review sought to examine the association between suicide risk among veterans and refugees with PTSD and religion or spirituality as a modifying factor. Two databases, PubMed and Embase, were searched and 10 publications were identified and included. Seven publications found that religion or spirituality was associated with lower suicide risk. The findings in this study suggest that religion and spirituality contain social as well as psychological domains, which should be considered in future interventions and in strategies of prevention of suicide in populations with PTSD. Further high-quality research with well-defined terms of religion and spirituality that investigates the connection to suicide risk of veterans and refugees with PTSD is recommended.