bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cheating amongst youth offenders: How peers and their social status influence cheating
Authors: Leong Kaiwen , Li Huailu , Zuo Sharon Xuejing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe conducted an experiment with 204 youth inmates to study how the intrinsic psychological cost of cheating that was shaped by peers changed inmates' cheating behavior. We find that innately dishonest inmates who naively revealed their higher willingness to cheat indeed cheated more in the actual game. When given the chance to observe an imperfect signal of whether a peer cheated, only innately dishonest inmates followed this signal and cheated more. This positive treatment effect increases with the saliency of the signal, and becomes more pronounced when the cheating signal is from an influential peer.
Between voluntarism and compulsion: Membership in mutual health insurance societies in Swedish manufacturing, c. 1900
Authors: Stanfors Maria , Karlsson Tobias , Andersson Lars‐Fredrik , Eriksson Liselotte 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMembership in mutual health insurance societies spread among industrial workers in the late nineteenth century. We study determinants of such membership among male workers in Swedish manufacturing by using matched employer–employee data from three industries covering all workers (i.e. members and non‐members, N > 12 000) and firms around 1900. We find remarkably high rates of membership overall, and especially among married workers. The association between marital status and health insurance suggests that selection into health insurance societies was ‘propitious’ rather than ‘adverse’. Many workers became members well before the age of 40 years, when their health began to deteriorate, and this coincided with the average age of first marriage for men, occurring in their late twenties. Being married and having membership was more marked in firms with voluntary membership and was important for the viability of the mix of voluntary and compulsory health insurance societies emerging in Nordic countries around 1900. Findings support the idea that health insurance can attract high levels of membership under voluntary schemes and suggest why it took so long before statutory health insurance covering sickness absence and workplace accidents was introduced in Sweden.
The self, neuroscience and psychosis study: Testing a neurophenomenological model of the onset of psychosis
Authors: Krcmar Marija , Wannan Cassandra M. J. , Lavoie Suzie , Allott Kelly , Davey Christopher G. , Yuen Hok Pan , Whitford Thomas , Formica Melanie , Youn Sarah , Shetty Jashmina , Beedham Rebecca , Rayner Victoria , Murray Graham , Polari Andrea , Gawęda Łukasz , Koren Dan , Sass Louis , Parnas Josef , Rasmussen Andreas R. , McGorry Patrick , Hartmann Jessica A. , Nelson Barnaby 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimBasic self disturbance is a putative core vulnerability marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The primary aims of the Self, Neuroscience and Psychosis (SNAP) study are to: (1) empirically test a previously described neurophenomenological self‐disturbance model of psychosis by examining the relationship between specific clinical, neurocognitive, and neurophysiological variables in UHR patients, and (2) develop a prediction model using these neurophenomenological disturbances for persistence or deterioration of UHR symptoms at 12‐month follow‐up.MethodsSNAP is a longitudinal observational study. Participants include 400 UHR individuals, 100 clinical controls with no attenuated psychotic symptoms, and 50 healthy controls. All participants complete baseline clinical and neurocognitive assessments and electroencephalography. The UHR sample are followed up for a total of 24 months, with clinical assessment completed every 6 months.ResultsThis paper presents the protocol of the SNAP study, including background rationale, aims and hypotheses, design, and assessment procedures.ConclusionsThe SNAP study will test whether neurophenomenological disturbances associated with basic self‐disturbance predict persistence or intensification of UHR symptomatology over a 2‐year follow up period, and how specific these disturbances are to a clinical population with attenuated psychotic symptoms. This may ultimately inform clinical care and pathoaetiological models of psychosis.
Gut microbiome characteristics in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Guanlin , Zhou Xiaoqi , Zhu Yikang , Shi Wendian , Kong Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe gut microbiome has been reported to be closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Here, a comprehensive meta‐analysis of gut microbial characteristics in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) was performed to compare gut microbial alterations at each stage.MethodsA total of 10 databases (CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed, WOS, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Void) were searched and 34 case–control studies were included. α and β diversity and the relative abundance of gut microbiota were analysed as outcome indices. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager (5.4.1) and R.ResultsChao1 and Shannon index levels in AD were significantly lower compared with healthy controls (HCs), and the Chao1 index was significantly lower in MCI compared with HCs. There was a significant difference in β diversity of gut microbiomes in patients (SCD, MCI, AD) compared with HCs. The relative abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level was significantly lower in patients with AD and MCI than HCs. However, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level was significantly higher in patients with MCI than HCs. There was an increasing trend for Enterobacteriaceae and a decreasing trend for Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus during AD; Lactobacillus showed a decreasing trend early in SCD.ConclusionOur results indicated that there were gut microbiological abnormalities in AD, even as early as the SCD stage. The dynamic, consistent changes in gut microbes with the disease process showed that they might serve as potential biomarkers for early identification and diagnosis of AD.
Persistent effects of historical sea levels on the population structure of a temporary wetland copepod
Authors: Emami‐Khoyi Arsalan , Jooste Candice M. , Wasserman Ryan J. , Dalu Tatenda , Raath‐Krüger Morgan J. , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine , Teske Peter R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Temporary wetland ecosystems are common in arid and semi‐arid environments, and are inhabited by diverse invertebrate communities. Little is known about the dynamics of genetic connectivity in the geographically scattered populations of these wetland specialists.

The current study investigated the spatial genetic structure and dispersal history of a recently described calanoid copepod, Lovenula raynerae, reported from temporary wetlands in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. We tested whether the species represents a single, well‐connected population or comprises different regional genetic groups, some of which may be rare or endangered.

Mitochondrial COI sequences were generated for 365 specimens from 46 temporary wetlands spread across the species' known distribution range. Isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐environment patterns of partitioning genetic variations across the landscape were evaluated. In addition, the presence of historical impediments to gene flow between contemporary populations was investigated using a combination of Monmonier's algorithm and Bayesian reconstruction of phylogeographical diffusion in continuous space.

The wetland populations were highly structured across the landscape and could be assigned to six distinct evolutionary lineages, potentially representing some level of cryptic speciation. Two distinct phases were identified in the dispersal history of these lineages. Initially, dispersal only occurred inland of a postulated barrier, but eventually the barrier disappeared and the species extended its range by spreading into regions close to the coastline. Molecular dating shows that the barrier represents the upper limit of the coastline during the Pliocene, and that its crossing was facilitated by Pliocene sea regression in southern Africa.

Our finding shows that complex demographic histories can be preserved in the mitochondrial DNA of temporary wetland crustaceans because of limited effective gene flow after initial colonisation events. This makes them an interesting study system to explore the long‐term effects of climate change on arid ecosystem communities.
Broken engagement: The role of grit and LMX in enhancing faculty engagement
Authors: Hanley Yvonne Downie , Maykrantz Sherry A. , Houghton Jeffery D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs the roles of faculty members have continued to expand, leaders in higher education need a better understanding of the drivers of faculty engagement. The current paper develops and tests a hypothesized model of faculty engagement in which faculty member grit is positively related to faculty member engagement both directly and indirectly through faculty member–academic chair leader member exchange (LMX). Using a sample of 156 faculty members in a mid‐sized public university in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States, we tested the hypothesized model using PROCESS Model 4 with 5000 boot‐strapped samples and a 95% confidence interval. Results show significant direct positive relationships between faculty member grit and faculty member engagement and between faculty member–academic chair LMX and faculty member engagement, but no significant indirect relationship of faculty member grit through LMX. Implications for higher education leaders are discussed, along with limitations and directions for future research.
An object's categorizability impacts whether infants encode surface features into their object representations
Authors: Kibbe Melissa M. , Stahl Aimee E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInfants encode the surface features of simple, unfamiliar objects (e.g., red triangle) and the categorical identities of familiar, categorizable objects (e.g., car) into their representations of these objects. We asked whether 16–18‐month‐olds ignore non‐diagnostic surface features (e.g., color) in favor of encoding an object's categorical identity (e.g., car) when objects are from familiar categories. In Experiment 1 (n = 18), we hid a categorizable object inside an opaque box. In No Switch trials, infants retrieved the object that was hidden. In Switch trials, infants retrieved a different object: an object from a different category (Between‐Category‐Switch trials) or a different object from the same category (Within‐Category‐Switch trials). We measured infants' subsequent searching in the box. Infants' pattern of searching suggested that only infants who completed a Within‐Category‐Switch trial as their first Switch trial encoded objects' surface features, and an exploratory analysis suggested that infants who completed a Between‐Category‐Switch trial as their first Switch trial only encoded objects' categories. In Experiment 2 (n = 18), we confirmed that these results were due to objects' categorizability. These results suggest infants may tailor the way they encode categorizable objects depending on which object dimensions are perceived to be task relevant.
Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) ability to pollinate Hass avocado trees within paired tree enclosures
Authors: Cook David F. , Tufail Muhammad S. , Voss Sasha C. , Deyl Robert A. , Howse Elliot T. , Foley Jacinta , Norrish Ben , Delroy Neil , Shivananjappa Sunil L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAvocado pollination remains a major focus for producers as fruit‐set is typically very low (less than 1%). Most avocado producers in Australia utilize honey bees (Apis mellifera) to improve yield; however, there are risks with reliance on one species for future pollination security. Flies regularly visit flowers including avocado flowers. However, their pollination ability is poorly understood. To address this, visual observations of flies foraging in avocado orchards along with releases of two species of blow fly (within replicate enclosures of paired avocado trees; Hass and Type B cultivars) were conducted at a commercial orchard in south‐western Western Australia. Visual observations during flowering identified that most non‐bee flower visits were by hover flies (Melangyna viridiceps and Sphaerophoria macrogaster) and blow flies (Calliphora vicina and C. albifrontalis). Hover flies mostly foraged on flowers in the morning while blow flies were generally more active in the afternoon. Pollination as measured by harvestable fruit was higher by C. dubia (45.6 ± 10.0) than by C. albifrontalis. (26.3 ± 6.6). Compared with open trees pollinated by bees and other insects present, trees pollinated by C. dubia produced nearly two‐thirds the number of fruit. When presented with equal numbers of avocado flowers, C. dubia fed three times more often than C. albifrontalis, which may explain their higher pollination rate. Both C. dubia and C. albifrontalis transferred on average one pollen grain/flower visit. Blow flies improved avocado yield above no insect pollinators (3 fruit/tree) by an average of 31 fruit/tree (across both fly species), but considerably less than trees in the open pollinated by honey bees (128 fruit/tree). Future trials with multi‐tree enclosures will assess avocado pollination by different fly species. This study demonstrated that at least one species of blow fly could pollinate avocado and provide potential as a managed pollinator in Australian horticulture.
Insecticidal, genotoxic and biochemical effects of Shewanella sp. (SS4) and Thauera sp. (M9) on Spodoptera litura
Authors: Sarkhandia Sunaina , Devi Sarita , Sharma Geetika , Kumar Manoj , Koundal Satish , Chadha Pooja , Saini Harvinder Singh , Kaur Sanehdeep 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest causing economic losses to a number of agricultural crops. The present study was conducted to explore the insecticidal potential of some soil bacteria against S. litura. Among the tested bacterial isolates, Shewanella sp. (SS4) and Thauera sp. (M9) caused higher larval mortality. Concentration–response bioassays indicated a dose‐dependent increase in larval mortality with maximum mortality of 80 and 76%, respectively, due to Shewanella sp. and Thauera sp. Both the bacteria negatively affected the growth and development, reduced adult emergence and induced morphological deformities in adults. Nutritional parameters of S. litura i.e. relative growth and consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food as well as approximate digestibility of food decreased with increasing bacterial concentrations. Histopathological studies revealed the disruption of peritrophic membrane and midgut epithelium of larvae. Profiles of digestive enzymes i.e. α‐amylases, α, β‐glucosidases and galactosidases, lipases and proteases were also significantly decreased with bacterial treatment. Comet assay test indicated DNA damage in larval haemocytes due to bacterial infection. These results imply that both these bacterial isolates have the potential as biological control agents and may prove as environmentally friendly alternative for pest management techniques.
A new cryptic species of Imparfinis (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Orinoco River basin, revealed by an iterative approach
Authors: Cortés‐Hernández Miguel Ángel , López‐Castaño Jeisson Alexis , Milani Nadia , DoNascimiento Carlos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn iterative analysis of Imparfinis, combining phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome oxidase gene and multivariate morphometrics, revealed a new cryptic species from the Andean tributaries of the Orinoco River basin, which is described here. The new species is sister to a clade constituted by Imparfinis hasemani and Imparfinis pijpersi, both from the river basins of the Guiana Shield, being also the most geographically proximate species. Nonetheless, the new species is most similar in general appearance to Imparfinis guttatus from the Madeira and Paraguay River drainages, being almost undistinguishable by conventional characters of external morphology, differing only by morphometric attributes overall. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining congeners by a unique combination of characters, including lower lobe of caudal fin darker than upper lobe, maxillary barbel reaching or surpassing pelvic‐fin insertion, 12–15 gill rakers on first gill arch, 40–42 total vertebrae and 9–10 ribs. The new species constitutes the only representative from the Orinoco River basin belonging to Imparfinis sensu stricto.
Decision theory unbound
Authors: Goodsell Zachary 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCountenancing unbounded utility in ethics gives rise to deep puzzles in formal decision theory. Here, these puzzles are taken as an invitation to assess the most fundamental principles relating probability and value, with the aim of demonstrating that unbounded utility in ethics is compatible with a desirable decision theory. The resulting theory frames further discussion of Expected Utility Theory and of principles concerning symmetries of utility.
Experience, time, objects, and processes
Authors: Shardlow Jack 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe regularly talk of the experience of time passing. Some theorists have taken the supposed phenomenology of time passing to provide support for metaphysical accounts of the nature of time; opposing theorists typically granted that there is a phenomenology of time passing while seeking to dispute that any metaphysical conclusions about time can be drawn from this. In recent debates theorists have also begun to dispute that there is a phenomenology of time passing – plausibly, if there is not, then there is no relevant experience to be explained away, or for metaphysical conclusions to be drawn from. In the present paper I offer one explanation of why such disputes about the experience of time passing may seem intractable. However, I suggest that there is a distinct and more tractable issue lurking in this area, concerning our experience of how certain phenomena persist over time. Interestingly, articulating how we experience different phenomena as persisting over time doesn't simply provide a challenge to one metaphysical view of persistence rather than another; instead, it generates an explanatory challenge for a variety of competing views of persistence and, by extension, a challenge for popular combinations of views of the metaphysics of persistence and of time.
Pacific Northwest conifer forest stand carrying capacity under future climate scenarios
Authors: Heiderman Ryan R. , Kimsey Mark J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMaximum stand density index (SDIMAX) represents the carrying capacity of a forest stand based on the relationship between the number of trees and their size. Plot‐level inventory data provided through a collaborative network of federal, state, and private forest management groups were utilized to develop SDIMAX models for important Pacific Northwest conifers of western Washington and Oregon, USA. The influence of site‐specific climatic and environmental variables was explored within an ensemble learning model. Future climate projections based on global circulation models under different representative CO2 concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and timeframes (2050s and 2080s) were utilized in a space‐for‐time substitution to understand potential shifts in modeled SDIMAX. A majority of the region showed decreases in carrying capacity under future climate conditions. Modeled mean SDIMAX decreased 5.4% and 11.4% for Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) dominated forests and decreased 6.6% and 8.9% for western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), dominated forests under the RCP 4.5 in the 2050s and RCP 8.5 in the 2080s, respectively. Projected future conditions often fall outside the range of any contemporary climate profile, resulting in what may be referred to as extramural conditions. Within the study region, 45% and 46% of climate variables included in the final model were extramural for the Douglas‐fir and hemlock models, respectively, under RCP 8.5 in the 2080s. Although extrapolating beyond the range of input data is not appropriate and many unknowns remain regarding future climate projections, these results allow for general interpretations of the direction and magnitude of potential shifts in forest carrying capacity.
Biological and psychological factors affecting the sensory and jaw motor responses to orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Cioffi I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is associated with an inflammatory response, tooth pain (i.e. orthodontic pain) and changes in dental occlusion. Clinical realms and research evidence suggest that the sensory and jaw motor responses to OTM vary significantly among individuals. While some adjust well to orthodontic procedures, others may not and can experience significant pain or not adjust to occlusal changes. This is of concern, as clinicians cannot anticipate an individual's sensorimotor response to OTM. Converging evidence shows that some psychological states and traits significantly affect the sensorimotor response to OTM and may considerably affect an individual's adaptation to orthodontic or other dental procedures. We performed a topical review to synthesize the available knowledge about the behavioural mechanisms regulating the sensorimotor response to OTM, with the intent of informing orthodontic practitioners and researchers about specific psychological states and traits that should be considered while planning orthodontic treatment. We report on studies focusing on the role of anxiety, pain catastrophising, and somatosensory amplification (i.e. bodily hypervigilance), on sensory and jaw motor responses. Psychological states and traits can significantly affect sensory and jaw motor responses and a patient's adaptation to orthodontic procedures, although large interindividual variability exists. Clinicians can use validated instruments (checklists or questionnaires) to collect information about patients' psychological traits, which can assist in identifying those individuals who may not adjust well to orthodontic procedures. The information included in this manuscript also assists researchers investigating the effect of orthodontic procedures and or/appliances on orthodontic pain.