bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of natural fining agents to clarify fruit juices
Authors: Shirvani Atefe , Mirzaaghaei Marzieh , Goli Sayed Amir Hossein 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe consumption of fruit juices has been increasingly growing all over the world. The clarification process is considered as one of the most important stages in fruit juice production, which can provide the products with desired clear visual appearance. Nowadays, the tendency of consumers to use the natural‐clarified fruit juices encourages the researchers to allocate much attention on utilization of natural clarifying agents to clarify different fruit juices. This review article has first introduced the most frequent causes of turbidity in fruit juices including polysaccharides (i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, starch, and pectic substances), proteins and polyphenols (especially tannins) as well as their removal mechanisms. After that, a comprehensive summary of research on natural fining agents, including clay minerals, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes (free and immobilized forms), and activated carbon is provided with a focus on their application in the juice clarification process. The chemical composition of natural substances, their efficiency on reduction of turbidity‐causing compounds and the changes in properties of clarified juices such as turbidity (clarity), total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, viscosity, and sensory evaluation followed by their stability during the storage have been deeply discussed.
Postmortem genetic testing in sudden unexplained death: A public health laboratory experience
Authors: Rohrer Charles T. , Lager Angela M. , Brooks Erin G. , Horner Vanessa L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSudden unexplained death in the young poses a diagnostically challenging situation for practicing autopsy pathologists, especially in the absence of anatomic and toxicological findings. Postmortem genetic testing may identify pathogenic variants in the deceased of such cases, including those associated with arrhythmogenic channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. The Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH) is a state‐run public health laboratory which performs postmortem genetic testing at no cost to Wisconsin medical examiners and coroners. The current study examines sequencing data from 18 deceased patients (ages 2 months to 49 years, 5 females) submitted to WSLH, from 2016 to 2021. Panel‐based analysis was performed on 10 cases, and whole exome sequencing was performed on the most recent 8 cases. Genetic variants were identified in 14 of 18 decedents (77.8%), including 7 with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (38.9%). Whole exome sequencing was more likely to yield a positive result, more variants per decedent, and a larger number of variants of uncertain significance. While panel‐based testing may offer definitive pathogenic variants in some cases, less frequent variants may be excluded. Whole exome testing may identify rare variants missed by panels, but increased yield of variants of uncertain significance may be difficult to interpret. Postmortem genetic testing in young decedents of sudden unexplained death can provide invaluable information to autopsy pathologists to establish accurate cause and manner of death and to decedent's relatives to allow appropriate management. A public health laboratory model may be a financially advisable alternative to commercial laboratories for medical examiner's/coroner's offices.
Clinical and laboratory predictors and prevalence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with Whipple's disease
Authors: Gregorio Virginia , Albrizio Alessandra , Maimaris Stiliano , Scalvini Davide , Scarcella Chiara , Cambieri Patrizia , Biagi Federico , Schiepatti Annalisa 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesWhipple's disease (WD) is a rare and potentially fatal infectious disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei. It is characterized by a long prodromal phase that mimics a rheumatological disease, often leading to immunosuppressant treatment. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is currently the most important complication of WD, requiring prompt recognition and treatment as it can be fatal. However, epidemiological data on IRIS are scarce. We aimed to identify the clinical and laboratory predictors of IRIS at WD diagnosis and to evaluate whether the prevalence of IRIS has changed over time.MethodsForty‐five patients with WD (mean age 52 ± 11 years; 10 females) were followed up between January 2000 and December 2021. Clinical and laboratory data at WD diagnosis were retrospectively collected and compared among patients who developed IRIS and those who did not.ResultsErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 33.4 ± 11.8 mm/h vs 67.1 ± 26.3 mm/h, P < 0.01), platelet (PLT; 234 × 109/L vs 363 × 109/L, P < 0.01), and body mass index (22.0 ± 2.0 kg/m2 vs 19.8 ± 3.0 kg/m2, P = 0.04) differed significantly between patients who subsequently developed IRIS and those who did not. ROC analysis identified ESR ≤46 mm/h (AUROC 0.88, 95% CI 0.72–1.00) and PLT ≤ 327 × 109/L (AUROC 0.85, 95% CI 0.70–1.00) as optimal cut‐off values to discriminate WD patients at a high risk of developing IRIS. Prevalence of IRIS remained stable (22.2%) over time.ConclusionsLow ESR and PLT count at diagnosis help identify WD patients at high risk of developing IRIS. Instead, a greater inflammatory response suggests a lower risk of IRIS. Prevalence of IRIS did not change over two decades.
The physiologic complexity of beat‐to‐beat blood pressure is associated with age‐related alterations in blood pressure regulation
Authors: Jiang Xin , Mang Xiaoying , Zhou Huiting , Chen Jingmei , Tan Huiying , Ren Huixia , Huang Baofeng , Zhong Lilian , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Manor Brad , Guo Yi , Zhou Junhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe fluctuations in resting‐state beat‐to‐beat blood pressure (BP) are physiologically complex, and the degree of such BP complexity is believed to reflect the multiscale regulation of this critical physiologic process. Hypertension (HTN), one common age‐related condition, is associated with altered BP regulation and diminished system responsiveness to perturbations such as orthostatic change. We thus aimed to characterize the impact of HTN on resting‐state BP complexity, as well as the relationship between BP complexity and both adaptive capacity and underlying vascular characteristics. We recruited 392 participants (age: 60–91 years), including 144 that were normotensive and 248 with HTN (140 controlled‐ and 108 uncontrolled‐HTN). Participants completed a 10‐min continuous finger BP recording during supine rest, then underwent measures of lying‐to‐standing BP change, arterial stiffness (i.e., brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity), and endothelial function (i.e., flow‐mediated vasodilation). The complexity of supine beat‐to‐beat systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP was quantified using multiscale entropy. Thirty participants with HTN (16 controlled‐HTN and 14 uncontrolled‐HTN) exhibited orthostatic hypotension. SBP and DBP complexity was greatest in normotensive participants, lower in those with controlled‐HTN, and lowest in those in uncontrolled‐HTN (p < 0.0005). Lower SBP and DBP complexity correlated with greater lying‐to‐standing decrease in SBP and DBP level (β = −0.33 to −0.19, p < 0.01), greater arterial stiffness (β = −0.35 to −0.18, p < 0.01), and worse endothelial function (β = 0.17–0.22, p < 0.01), both across all participants and within the control‐ and uncontrolled‐HTN groups. These results suggest that in older adults, BP complexity may capture the integrity of multiple interacting physiologic mechanisms that regulate BP and are important to cardiovascular health.
Alterations of lipid‐mediated mitophagy result in aging‐dependent sensorimotor defects
Authors: Oleinik Natalia , Albayram Onder , Kassir Mohamed Faisal , Atilgan F. Cansu , Walton Chase , Karakaya Eda , Kurtz John , Alekseyenko Alexander , Alsudani Habeeb , Sheridan Megan , Szulc Zdzislaw M. , Ogretmen Besim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe metabolic consequences of mitophagy alterations due to age‐related stress in healthy aging brains versus neurodegeneration remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1) is transported to the outer mitochondrial membrane by the p17/PERMIT transporter that recognizes mislocalized mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) via 39‐FLRN‐42 residues, inducing ceramide‐mediated mitophagy. P17/PERMIT‐CerS1‐mediated mitophagy attenuated the argininosuccinate/fumarate/malate axis and induced d‐glucose and fructose accumulation in neurons in culture and brain tissues (primarily in the cerebellum) of wild‐type mice in vivo. These metabolic changes in response to sodium‐selenite were nullified in the cerebellum of CerS1to/to (catalytically inactive for C18‐ceramide production CerS1 mutant), PARKIN−/− or p17/PERMIT−/− mice that have dysfunctional mitophagy. Whereas sodium selenite induced mitophagy in the cerebellum and improved motor‐neuron deficits in aged wild‐type mice, exogenous fumarate or malate prevented mitophagy. Attenuating ceramide‐mediated mitophagy enhanced damaged mitochondria accumulation and age‐dependent sensorimotor abnormalities in p17/PERMIT−/− mice. Reinstituting mitophagy using a ceramide analog drug with selenium conjugate, LCL768, restored mitophagy and reduced malate/fumarate metabolism, improving sensorimotor deficits in old p17/PERMIT−/− mice. Thus, these data describe the metabolic consequences of alterations to p17/PERMIT/ceramide‐mediated mitophagy associated with the loss of mitochondrial quality control in neurons and provide therapeutic options to overcome age‐dependent sensorimotor deficits and related disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Neurophysiological error processing and addiction self‐awareness correlates of reduced insight in cannabis use disorder
Authors: Macatee Richard J. , Schermitzler Brandon S. , Minieri Jessica B. , Moeller Scott J. , Afshar Kaveh , Preston Thomas J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsCannabis use disorder (CUD) prevalence has increased, while perceived risks of cannabis use and CUD treatment need have decreased. Chronic cannabis use may also impair the neural and behavioral mechanisms of insight, further hampering treatment‐seeking. This study aimed to measure whether CUD is characterized by reduced self‐monitoring in drug‐related contexts (objectively‐assessed insight), subserved by functional neural abnormalities in error‐processing and manifested clinically as decreased awareness of the need to change.DesignCase–control laboratory study was used.SettingUniversity setting was in Alabama, USA.ParticipantsThere were 42 CUD participants and 47 age‐, sex‐, and nicotine use‐matched controls.MeasurementsParticipants completed a probabilistic choice task, adapted for the first time for CUD, in which they selected pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, and cannabis‐related images according to their preference. Reduced versus accurate insight was operationalized as the correspondence between self‐reported and actual most chosen image type. Neurophysiological error‐processing during an inhibitory control task was recorded using electroencephalography. Participants with CUD completed measures of cannabis problem recognition and motivation to change.FindingsCompared with controls, the CUD group made significantly more cannabis selections on the choice task (mean difference [MD] = 8.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] [4.88 11.35], p < 0.001) and had significantly reduced insight into cannabis choice (odds ratio [OR] = 9.69, 95% CI [1.06 88.65], p = 0.04). CUD participants with reduced insight on the choice task had significantly decreased neurophysiological reactivity to errors on the inhibitory control task (error‐related negativity) compared with CUD participants with accurate insight (MD = 2.64 μV, 95% CI [0.74 μV 4.54 μV], p = 0.008) and controls (MD = 4.05 μV, 95% CI [1.29 μV 6.80 μV], p = 0.005). Compared with CUD participants with accurate insight on the choice task, CUD participants with reduced insight reported significantly less agreement that they had a cannabis problem (MD = ‐5.06, 95% CI [−8.49–1.62], p = 0.003).ConclusionsPeople with CUD who show reduced insight on a drug‐related choice task may also have decreased early neural error‐processing and less cannabis problem recognition.
Physicians' assessment of complications after gynecological surgery in Sweden: The GYNCOM survey
Authors: Collins Elin , Liv Per , Strandell Annika , Ehrström Sophia , Pålsson Mathias , Darelius Anna , Magarakis Leonidas , Idahl Annika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionComplications after gynecological surgery in Sweden are registered in the well‐established Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery, GynOp. The aim of this study was to analyze interrater reliability in assessing complications according to the methods in GynOp, and to explore physicians' perceptions of registering complications.Material and methodsA digital survey was sent to gynecologists and residents in gynecology in Sweden. Participating clinics were recruited through the Swedish network for national clinical studies in Obstetrics and Gynecology, SNAKS. Twenty fictional cases, intended to represent normal postoperative course, failure to cure, and varying degrees of complications, were developed by the research group. The clinical scenarios included abdominal and laparoscopic surgery of the uterus and adnexa, vaginal hysterectomies, as well as hysteroscopy. The respondents graded each case on the presence of a complication (yes/no). Type of complication, severity, and what action the complication required according to Clavien‐Dindo was registered if a complication was acknowledged, according to the method in GynOp. Interrater reliability and the opinions of the respondents were presented descriptively. More than 80% of respondents making the same assessment was considered as agreement.ResultsThe response rate was 41%, with 104 responding physicians from 16 gynecological clinics. Type and severity of complication was considered relevant to register by 88% and 89% of respondents, respectively. Agreement on whether the case described a complication was >80% in 85% (17/20) of cases and agreement using the Clavien‐Dindo classification was >90% in 80% (16/20) of cases. There was high agreement in assessments of classically severe complications, such as pulmonary embolism and ureteral damage, in both presence of complication and severity, as well as Clavien‐Dindo (>90% for all methods). Cases with agreement <80% on whether the case described a complication were bordering between normal postoperative course and minor complication.ConclusionsThis study provides validation for the methods used to register complications after gynecological surgery according to the GynOp register, including the use of Clavien‐Dindo in gynecology. However, the results indicate a need to define what should be considered symptoms inherent to each type of surgery.
Generalized joint hypermobility and the risk of pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain: Is body mass index of importance?—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ahlqvist Kerstin , Bjelland Elisabeth Krefting , Pingel Ronnie , Schlager Angela , Peterson Magnus , Olsson Christina B. , Nilsson‐Wikmar Lena , Kristiansson Per 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPelvic girdle pain (PGP) affects approximately 50% of pregnant women. The mechanisms are multifactorial but not fully understood. Women with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) may be vulnerable to load in the pelvic joints during pregnancy. Our aim was to investigate if women with GJH had an increased risk of PGP and higher pain intensity during and after pregnancy, compared with women with normal joint mobility. We also studied if body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy influenced that risk.Material and methodsA prospective cohort study of 356 women, whose data were collected by self‐reports and clinical examinations in early and in late pregnancy and 9 months after childbirth. GJH was present with ≥5/9 points on the Beighton score. PGP was defined by a pain drawing and ≥1 positive test. Pain intensity was measured with a visual analogue scale (0–100 mm). We adjusted for age and origin in logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn early pregnancy, 47.1% of the women with GJH had PGP vs 32.6% of women with normal joint mobility (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86–3.62) and had higher odds of reporting higher pain intensity (aOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.02–4.07). The odds of PGP were highest for women with GJH and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (aOR 6.88; 95% CI 1.34–35.27) compared with women with normal joint mobility and BMI <25 kg/m2. The estimated associations were weaker and not statistically significant in late pregnancy or after childbirth.ConclusionsWomen with GJH did not have an increased risk of PGP during or after pregnancy but reported higher pain intensity in early pregnancy compared with women with normal joint mobility. Since women with combined GJH and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had the highest odds of PGP in early pregnancy, our results may suggest that health care needs to pay attention to and develop methods to reduce the risk of PGP and delay the onset of pain during pregnancy in women with this combination.
The role of leader favoritism, unfairness, and employability in employee psychological withdrawal behavior
Authors: Shamsudin Faridahwati Mohd , Bani‐Melhem Shaker , Abukhait Rawan , Pillai Rekha , Quratulain Samina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGiven the adverse consequences of destructive leadership at work, we examine leader favoritism prevalent in contemporary organizations. Our study builds on previous research on unethical leadership behaviors and extends social exchange theory by assessing whether leader favoritism contributes to employee psychological withdrawal behavior at work and whether perceived unfairness explains this link, addressing a gap in the literature on this topic. In addition, we investigate the condition of perceived employability to seek whether the influence of perceived unfairness due to leader favoritism on psychological withdrawal behavior at work is strengthened when employees think they can secure alternative employment elsewhere. The study utilizes a two‐wave data collection approach to gather responses from 206 front end customer service employees working in the hospitality and tourism firms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study findings offer empirical support for the proposed mediated moderation model. Specifically, the results demonstrate that leader favoritism directly, indirectly (via perceived unfairness), and positively influence employee withdrawal behaviors. This influence is stronger among employees who believe they can easily find alternative employment options. Our findings highlight the relevance of incorporating social exchange theory into the unethical leadership behaviors and withdrawal behaviors literature and provide valuable insights for managers into how to mitigate the practice of leader favoritism because of its adverse consequences on employees' work attitudes and behavior.
Impairment of platelet function in both mild and severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Scavone Mariangela , Ghali Claudia , Calogiuri Mariagrazia , Sala Matteo , Bossi Elena , Mencarini Tatiana , Bozzi Silvia , Clerici Bianca , Birocchi Simone , Fioretti Antonella , Bono Valeria , Maugeri Norma , Marchetti Giulia , Cattaneo Marco , Podda Gian Marco 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAbnormalities of platelet function were reported in patients with severe COVID‐19 (severe‐C), but few data are available in patients with mild COVID‐19 (mild‐C) and after COVID‐19 recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate platelet parameters in mild‐C patients (n = 51), with no evidence of pneumonia, and severe‐C patients (n = 49), during the acute phase and after recovery, compared to 43 healthy controls. Both mild‐C and severe‐C patients displayed increased circulating activated platelets, low δ‐granule content (ADP, serotonin), impaired platelet activation by collagen (light transmission aggregometry) and impaired platelet thrombus formation on collagen‐coated surfaces under controlled flow conditions (300/s shear rate). The observed abnormalities were more marked in severe‐C patients than in mild‐C patients. Overall, 61% (30/49) of mild‐C and 73% (33/45) of severe‐C patients displayed at least one abnormal platelet parameter. In a subgroup of just 13 patients who showed no persisting signs/symptoms of COVID‐19 and were re‐evaluated at least 1 month after recovery, 11 of the 13 subjects exhibited normalization of platelet parameters. In conclusion, mild abnormalities of platelet parameters were present not only in severe‐C but also, albeit to a lesser extent, in mild‐C patients during the acute phase of COVID‐19 and normalized in most tested patients after clinical recovery.
Tannins in cancer prevention and therapy
Authors: Kleszcz Robert , Majchrzak‐Celińska Aleksandra , Baer‐Dubowska Wanda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTannins are a heterogenous class of polyphenolic natural products with promising cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential. Studies undertaken over the last 30 years have demonstrated their capacity to target many cellular pathways and molecules important in the development of cancer. Recently, new mechanisms that might be important in anti‐carcinogenic activity, such as inhibition of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, reduction of cancer stem cell creation, and modulation of cancer cells metabolism have been described. Along with the mechanisms underlying the anti‐cancer activity of tannins, this review focuses on their possible application as chemosensitizers in adjuvant therapy and countering multidrug resistance. Furthermore, characteristic physicochemical properties of some tannins, particularly tannic acid, are useful in the formation of nanovehicles for anticancer drugs or the isolation of circulating cancer cells. These new potential applications of tannins deserve further studies. Well‐designed clinical trials, which are scarce, are needed to assess the therapeutic effects of tannins themselves or as adjuvants in cancer treatment.
‘Everyone needs to know that infant mental health is important’ – a commentary/reflection on ‘Improving access to mental health interventions for children from birth to five years: a scoping review’ (Hickey et al., 2023)
Authors: McFadyen Anne 
Published: August 2023

Hickey et al.'s scoping of infant mental health (IMH) services and the challenges faced in ensuring that vulnerable infants can access them highlights important issues and suggests some solutions (Hickey et al., Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2023). Their synthesis of useful research in the field is limited only by its focus on more affluent English‐speaking countries, which is acknowledged. Writing from an Australian perspective, they highlight the need for culturally sensitive service delivery. This commentary draws attention to the concept of candidacy as a helpful way of thinking about patents' journeys into services. It can support a deeper understanding of the barriers to referral for infants most in need. One key issue is the knowledge and understanding of both professionals and the public about the importance of the early years for later well‐being. Infants cannot advocate for themselves and depend on those around them to exercise their right to services. Good relationships between professionals and between family members and clinicians are essential for IMH service development and delivery.