bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-varying effects of local weather on behavior and probability of breeding deferral in two Arctic-nesting goose populations
Authors: Cunningham Stephanie A. , Schafer Toryn L. J. , Wikle Christopher K. , VonBank Jay A. , Ballard Bart M. , Cao Lei , Bearhop Stuart , Fox Anthony D. , Hilton Geoff M. , Walsh Alyn J. , Griffin Larry R. , Weegman Mitch D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArctic-nesting geese face energetic challenges during spring migration, including ecological barriers and weather conditions (e.g., precipitation and temperature), which in long-lived species can lead to a trade-off to defer reproduction in favor of greater survival. We used GPS location and acceleration data collected from 35 greater white-fronted geese of the North American midcontinent and Greenland populations at spring migration stopovers, and novel applications of Bayesian dynamic linear models to test daily effects of minimum temperature and precipitation on energy expenditure (i.e., overall dynamic body acceleration, ODBA) and proportion of time spent feeding (PTF), then examined the daily and additive importance of ODBA and PTF on probability of breeding deferral using stochastic antecedent models. We expected distinct responses in behavior and probability of breeding deferral between and within populations due to differences in stopover area availability. Time-varying coefficients of weather conditions were variable between ODBA and PTF, and often did not show consistent patterns among birds, indicating plasticity in how individuals respond to conditions. An increase in antecedent ODBA was associated with a slightly increased probability of deferral in midcontinent geese but not Greenland geese. Probability of deferral decreased with increased PTF in both populations. We did not detect any differentially important time periods. These results suggest either that movements and behavior throughout spring migration do not explain breeding deferral or that ecological linkages between bird decisions during spring and subsequent breeding deferral were different between populations and across migration but occurred at different time scales than those we examined.
Intravenous diclofenac and orphenadrine for the treatment of postoperative pain after remifentanil-based anesthesia
Authors: Zeiner Sebastian , Haider Thomas , Zotti Oliver , Thüringer Katrin , Höbart Petra , Kimberger Oliver , Knolle Erich 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Background
Postoperative intravenous diclofenac reduces patient opioid demand and is commonly used in surgical units. Orphenadrine is mainly used in combination with diclofenac for musculoskeletal injuries and postoperative pain control. The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac-orphenadrine, diclofenac alone and saline.

Methods
We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-center clinical study investigating the opioid-sparing effect of a combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine versus diclofenac alone versus isotonic saline solution. Initially 72 patients were included and received total intravenous anesthesia during cruciate ligament surgery. All patients were postoperatively treated with a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device containing hydromorphone. Pharmacological safety was assessed by laboratory parameters, vital signs, and delirium detection scores.

Results
There was no significant difference between the groups in cumulative dose of PCA analgesics required after 24 h postsurgery, with 5.90 mg (SD ± 2.90 mg) in the placebo group, 5.73 mg (SD ± 4.75 mg) in the diclofenac group, and 4.13 mg (SD ± 2.57 mg) in the diclofenac-orphenadrine group. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the groups in cumulative dose of PCA analgesics required 2 h postsurgery (n = 65). Mean dose of hydromorphone required after 2 h was 1.54 mg (SD ± 0.57 mg) in the placebo group, 1.56 mg (SD ± 1.19 mg) in the diclofenac-only group, and 1.37 mg (SD ± 0.78 mg) in the diclofenac-orphenadrine group. However, when comparing the diclofenac-orphenadrine group and the diclofenac group combined to placebo there was a significant reduction in PCA usage in the first 24 h postsurgery. In total, there were 25 adverse events reported, none of which were rated as severe.

Conclusion
Orphenadrine-diclofenac failed to significantly reduce postoperative opioid requirements. However, in an exploratory post hoc analysis the diclofenac-orphenadrine and the diclofenac group combined versus placebo showed a tendency to reduce opioid demand in postoperative pain control. Further research is required to determine the value of orphenadrine as an adjuvant in a multimodal approach for postoperative pain management.
Sol-Gel/Gel Casting Nanoarchitectonics of Hybrid Fe2O3–ZnO/PS-PEG Nanocomposites and Their Optomagnetic Properties
Authors: Abou Hammad Ali B. , Mansour A. M. , Elhelali Thoraya Maamoun , El Nahrawy Amany M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolymer networks incorporated with iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles have superparamagnetic and electrical characteristics where it can be employed in a variety of significant applications. To achieve optimal distribution and connection of nanoparticles in various polymeric matrices, it is required to investigate their dispersion performance with varied contents and the impact on their physical characteristics. A controlled sol-gel method is used combined with gel casting to synthesize organic-inorganic nanocomposites of (ZnO)x(1 − x)Fe2O3 loaded within a polystyrene-polyethylene glycol matrix. The structural and morphological assembly of the hydrogen bonds between the inorganic and organic parts is verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning/transmission electron microscope (SEM/TEM) for the synthesized nanocomposites. The existence of the Fe aggregates, Zn/Fe pairs, and organic molecules was also confirmed by FTIR spectra. Optical and magnetic properties were evaluated. The band gap, refractive index, optical dielectric constant, and optical electronegativity were extracted.
Hierarchically structured task-agnostic continual learning
Authors: Hihn Heinke , Braun Daniel A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne notable weakness of current machine learning algorithms is the poor ability of models to solve new problems without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. The Continual Learning paradigm has emerged as a protocol to systematically investigate settings where the model sequentially observes samples generated by a series of tasks. In this work, we take a task-agnostic view of continual learning and develop a hierarchical information-theoretic optimality principle that facilitates a trade-off between learning and forgetting. We derive this principle from a Bayesian perspective and show its connections to previous approaches to continual learning. Based on this principle, we propose a neural network layer, called the Mixture-of-Variational-Experts layer, that alleviates forgetting by creating a set of information processing paths through the network which is governed by a gating policy. Equipped with a diverse and specialized set of parameters, each path can be regarded as a distinct sub-network that learns to solve tasks. To improve expert allocation, we introduce diversity objectives, which we evaluate in additional ablation studies. Importantly, our approach can operate in a task-agnostic way, i.e., it does not require task-specific knowledge, as is the case with many existing continual learning algorithms. Due to the general formulation based on generic utility functions, we can apply this optimality principle to a large variety of learning problems, including supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and generative modeling. We demonstrate the competitive performance of our method on continual reinforcement learning and variants of the MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100 datasets.
Increasing the number of ribosomal uL6 mRNA copies accelerates aging of the budding yeast
Authors: Mołoń Mateusz , Zaciura Monika , Wojdyła Dominik , Molestak Eliza 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Aging is a biological process from which there is no escape. Diverse factors contribute to aging, most notably cell energy metabolism. Ribosome biogenesis and translation are the two main energy-consuming processes that contribute to longevity. It has repeatedly been shown that translation disorders caused by deletion of ribosomal genes delay aging. However, the effect of increasing the amount of ribosomal proteins has remained elusive.

Methods and results
We determine the relative level of the uL6A and uL6B mRNA derived from the genome and the plasmid. The appearance of additional copies of plasmid-derived uL6 leads to an increase in uL6A and uL6B derived from the BY4741 genome (mainly form B). The relative amount of mRNA of plasmid form B is several times greater than the amount of mRNA in plasmid form A. The level of mRNA derived from the plasmid is increased many times compared to the mRNA of genomic origin. Additionally, the study indicates that excess of uL6A is a limiting or even harmful factor in the reaction to stressful conditions. Therefore, our hypothesis states that uL6A transcription or mRNA uL6A degradation in yeast cells are tightly regulated. our data clearly demonstrate that aging is accelerated when additional copies of uL6 paralogs appear.

Conclusion
Overexpression of both uL6A or uL6B accelerates aging in the budding yeast. The level of uL6A mRNA is tightly controlled by yeast cell. The uL6a protein plays a pivotal role in the response to environmental stress, including oxidative and osmotic stress, and thus may fall into the class of moonlighting ribosomal proteins with extra-ribosomal function.
Adaptively restarted block Krylov subspace methods with low-synchronization skeletons
Authors: Lund Kathryn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the recent realization of exascale performance by Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Frontier supercomputer, reducing communication in kernels like QR factorization has become even more imperative. Low-synchronization Gram-Schmidt methods, first introduced in Świrydowicz et al. (Numer. Lin. Alg. Appl.28(2):e2343, 2020), have been shown to improve the scalability of the Arnoldi method in high-performance distributed computing. Block versions of low-synchronization Gram-Schmidt show further potential for speeding up algorithms, as column-batching allows for maximizing cache usage with matrix-matrix operations. In this work, low-synchronization block Gram-Schmidt variants from Carson et al. (Linear Algebra Appl.638:150–195, 2022) are transformed into block Arnoldi variants for use in block full orthogonalization methods (BFOM) and block generalized minimal residual methods (BGMRES). An adaptive restarting heuristic is developed to handle instabilities that arise with the increasing condition number of the Krylov basis. The performance, accuracy, and stability of these methods are assessed via a flexible benchmarking tool written in MATLAB. The modularity of the tool additionally permits generalized block inner products, like the global inner product.
On Robin’s inequality
Authors: Axler Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet $$\sigma (n)$$

σ
(
n
)

denote the sum of divisors function of a positive integer n. Robin proved that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $$\sigma (n) < \textrm{e}^{\gamma }n \log \log n$$

σ

(
n
)

<

e
γ

n
log
log
n

holds for every integer $$n > 5040$$

n
>
5040

, where $$\gamma $$
γ
is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. In this paper we establish a new family of integers for which Robin’s inequality $$\sigma (n) < \textrm{e}^{\gamma }n \log \log n$$

σ

(
n
)

<

e
γ

n
log
log
n

hold. Further, we establish a new unconditional upper bound for the sum of divisors function. For this purpose, we use an approximation for Chebyshev’s $$\vartheta $$
ϑ
-function and for some product defined over prime numbers.
Penalized for Challenging Traditional Gender Roles: Why Heterosexual Relationships in Which Women Wear the Pants May Be More Precarious
Authors: Vink Melissa , Derks Belle , Ellemers Naomi , van der Lippe Tanja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence that heterosexual relationships in which traditional gender roles are reversed because women have attained higher societal status than their male partner are more precarious. We argue that this is the case because both partners in role-reversed relationships are evaluated more negatively than partners in more egalitarian or traditional gender role relationships. In two experimental studies conducted in the United States (N = 223) and the Netherlands (N = 269), we found that when encountering role-reversed relationships, participants perceive the woman as the more dominant and agentic one and the man as the weaker one in the relationship. They also perceive women in role-reversed relationships as less likeable, have less respect for men in role-reversed relationships, and expect that such relationships are less satisfying. In addition, in a third partner study (N = 94 heterosexual couples), we found that both male and female partners in role-reversed relationships considered the man to be the weaker one and the woman to be the more dominant one. Moreover, perceiving the man as the weaker one predicted lower relationship satisfaction in role-reversed couples. Overall, this research indicates that gender stereotypes about heterosexual relationships should be considered in efforts to achieve gender equity.
Towards the multileveled and processual conceptualisation of racialised individuals in biomedical research
Authors: Malinowska Joanna Karolina , Żuradzki Tomasz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the processes of racialisation on the example of biomedical research. We argue that applying the concept of racialisation in biomedical research can be much more precise, informative and suitable than currently used categories, such as race and ethnicity. For this purpose, we construct a model of the different processes affecting and co-shaping the racialisation of an individual, and consider these in relation to biomedical research, particularly to studies on hypertension. We finish with a discussion on the potential application of our proposition to institutional guidelines on the use of racial categories in biomedical research.
Meshfree Digital Image Correlation Using Element Free Galerkin Method: Theory, Algorithm and Validation
Authors: Chen B. , Coppieters S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The association of advanced digital image correlation (DIC) and numerical simulation has been widely used for inverse parameter identification.

Objective
It is attractive to develop an accurate DIC method sharing the common features with numerical simulation, which can lead to better synergy between experiments and simulations.

Methods
A new meshfree digital image correlation (MF-DIC) using element free Galerkin method (EFGM) is proposed for deformation measurement. The EFGM is a classical meshfree method in numerical studies, and it is directly used to construct the shape function in MF-DIC from a set of scattered nodes for image matching. The MF-DIC is principally different from the classical local DIC and global DIC since it does not rely on the concept of a subset or an element.

Results
In MF-DIC, the $${C}^{1}$$

C

1

-continuous displacement for every point is constructed based on a group of scattered nodes in a small support domain surrounding it. The continuous strain map can then be directly derived from the displacement, instead of using an additional smoothing technique as required in classical local DIC or post-processing used in global DIC. A performance assessment based on the Metrological Efficiency Indicator (MEI), as defined in DIC Challenge 2.0, shows that the proposed MF-DIC yields an excellent balance between spatial resolution and measurement resolution for both displacement and strain measurements.

Conclusions
Given that the proposed MF-DIC shares common features with the classical meshfree method in computational mechanics, it paves the way for an enhanced synergy between experiments and simulations required for robust inverse parameter identification methods.
In-Situ Monitoring of Phase Transition and Microstructure Evolution in Ni-Based Superalloys by Electrical Resistivity: Direct Comparison With Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Application to Case Studies
Authors: Utada Satoshi , Sasaki Ryo , Reed Roger C. , Tang Yuanbo T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, resistivity measurements are made during continuous heating and cooling on four different Ni-based superalloys of different grain structures and with different phases (i.e.,γ′ and carbide). The results are directly compared with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) profiles to identify the material’s resistivity response. The resistivity measurements have been performed using an electro-thermal mechanical testing (ETMT) system having a capability of heating and cooling a sample at a rate of up to 100 K/s by Joule heating, which is not possible with standard heating methods used in previousin-situmicrostructure analysis approaches. By comparing different precipitate variations and thermal histories,γ′ volume fraction and precipitate number density are found to be the most important factors determining the resistivity of the materials.In-situresistivity measurement was applied to several case studies to show that it can provide microstructural information in complex high temperature experiments.
The US9-Derived Protein gPTB9TM Modulates APP Processing Without Targeting Secretase Activities
Authors: Brandimarti Renato , Irollo Elena , Meucci Olimpia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Alteration of neuronal protein processing is often associated with neurological disorders and is highly dependent on cellular protein trafficking. A prime example is the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in intracellular vesicles, which plays a key role in age-related cognitive impairment. Most approaches to correct this altered processing aim to limit enzymatic activities that lead to toxic products, such as protein cleavage by β-secretase and the resulting amyloid β production. A viable alternative is to direct APP to cellular compartments where non-amyloidogenic mechanisms are favored. To this end, we exploited the molecular properties of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) transport protein US9 to guide APP interaction with preferred endogenous targets. Specifically, we generated a US9 chimeric construct that facilitates APP processing through the non-amyloidogenic pathway and tested it in primary cortical neurons. In addition to reducing amyloid β production, our approach controls other APP-dependent biochemical steps that lead to neuronal deficits, including phosphorylation of APP and tau proteins. Notably, it also promotes the release of neuroprotective soluble αAPP. In contrast to other neuroprotective strategies, these US9-driven effects rely on the activity of endogenous neuronal proteins, which lends itself well to the study of fundamental mechanisms of APP processing/trafficking. Overall, this work introduces a new method to limit APP misprocessing and its cellular consequences without directly targeting secretase activity, offering a novel tool to reduce cognitive decline in pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Effects of corn straw cover years on soil organic matter and compactness in typical black soil areas of Songnen Plain
Authors: Song Chunwei , Du Huishi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
China is a huge agricultural country with rich straw resources. However, the problem to be solved urgently is to find means to use crop straw effectively and reasonably. To study the influence of no-tillage straw mulching measures on soil compactness and soil organic matter, taking the black soil straw mulching no-tillage test field in Gaojia Village, Lishu County, Jilin Province as the research object, the characteristics of soil compactness and organic matter in different tillage layers under different cover years of no-till straw are discussed. The results show the following: (1) in the 0–50 cm tillage layer, the highest treatment method of soil organic matter is NT1 (no-tillage corn stover mulching for one year), with an average value of 2.62%, and the soil organic matter content of NT1 treatment increased by 57.46% compared with RT (ridge tillage). (2) The compactness of surface soil (0–20 cm) no-tillage soil is higher than RT, with an increase of more than 6.87%, and the compactness of deep soil (20–50 cm) no-tillage soil is lower than RT, with a decrease of more than 23.48%. (3) No-tillage can improve the agglomeration structure of the surface soil, increase the moisture content of the surface soil, reduce the volume of the surface soil, and improve the organic matter content of the surface soil, thus increasing the firmness of the surface soil. This study can provide a theoretical basis for promoting the comprehensive utilization of straw resources and developing eco-agriculture.
Excluded or Part of the Team? Investigating of the Role of Grandparents in Christian Faith Nurture, Using Discourse Analysis
Authors: Holmes Sarah E. 
Published: December 2022

Background Existing literature emphasised the spiritual value of grandparents in a child's faith nurture, but this was not reflected in contemporary understandings or practices of the Christian community. Purpose The discourses surrounding the perceptions and practices of grandparents themselves, the local church and wider Christian society were investigated; uncovering the dynamics of cross-generational relationships and interactions with a child's spiritual journey. Methods Data was gathered from Christian media, resourcing organisations, denominational websites and focus group interviews with grandparents and church representatives, to reveal the discourses conveyed by individuals, institutions and the wider Christian community. Critical discourse analysis was used to investigate perceptions and implications. Results Grandparents unanimously reported collective worth and purpose in their grandparent-grandchild relations. However, church representatives observed barriers and tensions regarding their involvement in faith nurture, citing a culture of privacy surrounding faith. Denominational websites and Christian media indicated that grandparents were not integral to church strategies, being rarely mentioned, resourced or empowered. The dominant discourses were of grandparents being passive agents with background involvement. Resourcing primarily conveyed romanticism and nostalgia rather than addressing contemporary family life. For some, these relationships facilitated discussions about faith, whilst others said their family's faith identity was unspoken. The grandparents were primarily motivated personally and independently of external bodies, often adopting a ‘trial and error’ mentality, suggesting a highly individual rather than collective approach to faith nurture of grandchildren. The local church rarely championed grandparents in this role, leading to grandparents being passive and feeling excluded. Many lacked confidence and were disengaged with faith nurture. Conclusions and Implications The value of grandparents needs better communicating, moving them from being minor contributors at the periphery of the team to being more actively and intentionally involved. This requires enhanced understanding at institutional and societal levels of grandparents’ role, and improvement in the functionality and efficacy of interactions between grandparents and their grandchildren. Redressing of the power dynamics at play within congregations and society is required to bring grandparents more equally into the equation. A paradigm shift is required at all levels to equip, empower and include grandparents more fully. This would lead to improved Christian faith transmission.