bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site‐Selective Chiral Growth of Anisotropic Au Triangular Nanoplates for Tuning the Optical Chirality
Authors: Tao Yunlong , Sun Lichao , Liu Chuang , Yang Guizeng , Sun Xuehao , Zhang Qingfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSite‐selective chiral growth of anisotropic nanoparticles is of great importance to realize the plasmonic nanostructures with delicate geometry and desired optical chirality; however, it remains largely unexplored. This work demonstrates a controlled site‐selective chiral growth system based on the seed‐mediated growth of anisotropic Au triangular nanoplates. The site‐selective chiral growth involves two distinct underlying pathways, faceted growth and island growth, which are interswitchable upon maneuvering the interplay of chiral molecules, surfactants, and reducing agents. The pathway switch governs the geometric and chirality evolution of Au triangular nanoplates, giving rise to tailorable circular dichroism spectra. The ability to tune the optical chirality in a controlled manner by manipulating the site‐selective chiral growth pathway opens up a promising strategy for exploiting chiral metamaterials with increasing architectural complexity in chiroptical applications.
Contact Engineering of Halide Perovskites: Gold is Not Good Enough; Metalloid is Better
Authors: Lai Zhengxun , Zhang Yuxuan , Meng You , Bu Xiuming , Wang Wei , Xie Pengshan , Wang Weijun , Liu Chuntai , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe operation stability of halide perovskite devices is the critical issue that impedes their commercialization. The main reasons are that the ambient H2O molecules can easily deteriorate the perovskites, while the metal electrodes react in different degrees with the perovskites. Herein, one kind of new electrode, the metalloids, is reported, which are much more stable than the conventional noble metals as electrical contacts for halide perovskites. The degradation mechanism of halide perovskites with noble metal electrodes is carefully studied and compared with the metalloid electrodes. It is found that the iodide ions can easily halogenate Cu and Ag in halide perovskites. Although Au is almost not halogenated, it can also decompose the perovskite film. On the contrary, after long‐term storage, the metalloid electrodes remain intact on the perovskite film without any degradation. In addition, the long‐time operation stability of the perovskite devices with metalloid electrodes is much higher than that of noble metals. First‐principles calculations confirm the exceptional stability of the metalloid electrodes.This work explores the ultra‐stable electrodes for halide perovskites, paving the way to the large‐scale deployment of perovskite‐based electronic devices.
Metal Oxide‐Supported Metal Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Characterization Methods, Modulation Strategies, and Recent Progress
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Wang Miao , Zhang Yunze , Wang Hongsheng , Fei Hao , Liu Ruoqi , Kong Hui , Gao Ruijie , Zhao Siyuan , Liu Tong , Wang Yuhao , Ni Meng , Ciucci Francesco , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with complex multielectron transfer steps significantly limits the large‐scale application of electrochemical energy devices, including metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Recent years witnessed the development of metal oxide‐supported metal catalysts (MOSMCs), covering single atoms, clusters, and nanoparticles. As alternatives to conventional carbon‐dispersed metal catalysts, MOSMCs are gaining increasing interest due to their unique electronic configuration and potentially high corrosion resistance. By engineering the metal oxide substrate, supported metal, and their interactions, MOSMCs can be facilely modulated. Significant progress has been made in advancing MOSMCs for ORR, and their further development warrants advanced characterization methods to better understand MOSMCs and precise modulation strategies to boost their functionalities. In this regard, a comprehensive review of MOSMCs for ORR is still lacking despite this fast‐developing field. To eliminate this gap, advanced characterization methods are introduced for clarifying MOSMCs experimentally and theoretically, discuss critical methods of boosting their intrinsic activities and number of active sites, and systematically overview the status of MOSMCs based on different metal oxide substrates for ORR. By conveying methods, research status, critical challenges, and perspectives, this review will rationally promote the design of MOSMCs for electrochemical energy devices.
Spin‐Selective Coupling in Mott–Schottky Er2O3‐Co Boosts Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Xuan , Li Meng , Wang Pu , Sun Dongmei , Ding Linfei , Li Hao , Tang Yawen , Fu Gengtao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlkaline oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical to electrochemical energy conversion technology, yet the rational breaking of thermodynamic inhibition for ORR through spin regulation remains a challenge. Herein, a Mott–Schottky catalyst consisting of Er2O3‐Co particles uniformly implanted into carbon nanofibers (Er2O3‐Co/CNF) is designed for enhancing ORR via spin‐selective coupling. The optimized Er2O3‐Co/CNF affords a high half‐wave potential (0.835 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) and onset potential (0.989 VRHE) for the ORR surpassing individual Co/CNF and Er2O3/CNF. Theoretical calculations reveal the introduction of Er2O3 optimizes the electronic structure of Co through Er(4f)‐O(2p)‐Co(3d) gradient orbital coupling, resulting in significantly enhanced ORR performance. Through gradient orbital coupling, the induced spin‐up hole in Co 3d states endows the Er‐O‐Co unit active site with a spin‐selective coupling channel for electron transition. This favors the decrease of the energy gap in the potential‐limiting step, thus achieving a high theoretical limiting potential of 0.77 VRHE for the Er2O3‐Co. Moreover, the potential practicability of Er2O3‐Co/CNF as an air‐cathode is also demonstrated in Zn‐air batteries. This work is believed to provide, new perspectives for the design of efficient ORR electrocatalysts by engineering spin‐selective coupling induced by rare‐earth oxides.
In Situ Solution‐Processed Submicron Thick SiOxCy/a‐SiNx(O):H Composite Barrier Film for Polymer:Non‐Fullerene Photovoltaics
Authors: Qin Jian , Wu Na , Chen Wei , Liu Bowen , Wang Zhenguo , Zhang Lianping , Yin Ni , Chen Qi , Zhang Zong‐Bo , Ma Chang‐Qi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAiming to improve the environmental stability of organic photovoltaics, a multilayered SiOxCy/a‐SiNx(O):H composite barrier film coated with a hydrophobic perfluoro copolymer stop layer for polymer:non‐fullerene solar cells is developed. The composite film is prepared by spin‐coating of polysilicone and perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) following a densification process by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation in an inert atmosphere. The transformation of polysilicone and PHPS to SiOxCy and a‐SiNx(O):H is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurement. However, the as‐prepared PHPS‐derived silicon nitride (PDSN) can react with moisture in the ambient atmosphere, yielding microscale defects and a consequent poor barrier performance. Treating the incomplete PDSN with methanol vapor significantly densifies the film yielding low water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs)of 5.0 × 10−1 and 2.0 × 10−1 g m−2 d−1 for the one‐ and three‐couple of SiOxCy/a‐SiNx(O):H (CON) composite films, respectively. By incorporating a thin hydrophobic perfluoro copolymer layer, the three‐coupled methanol‐treated CON film with a total thickness of 600 nm shows an extremely low WVTR of 8.7 × 10−4 g m−2 d−1. No performance decay is measured for the PM6:Y6 and PM6:L8‐BO cells after such an encapsulation process. These encapsulated polymer cells show good stability storaged at 25 °C/50% relative humidity, or under simulated extreme rainstorm tests.
Detection of microservice‐based software anomalies based on OpenTracing in cloud
Authors: Khanahmadi Mohammad , Shameli‐Sendi Alireza , Jabbarifar Masoume , Fournier Quentin , Dagenais Michel 
Published: April 2023

SummaryToday, the noticeable tendency of the software industry to break large software projects into loosely coupled modules through a microservice‐based architecture is more than ever. This is because of advantages such as scalability, independence, smaller and faster deployments, improved fault isolation, and flexibility. On the other hand, it should be noted that with the growth of microservice architecture, new complexities have emerged. We need to have a mature DevOps team to handle the complexity involved in maintaining and supporting systems, namely functional and non‐functional monitoring (anomaly monitoring and detection). This challenge can lead to a lot of software development time being spent monitoring and identifying anomalies. Existing approaches are not accurate enough to identify anomalies, and if they are able to identify them, they are unable to identify the category of the anomaly. Our approach in this research is to use distributed tracing with the help of machine learning algorithms to identify performance anomalies, the exact location of each anomaly, and predict its category. In this research, we implemented a software based on microservice architecture and then created a variety of anomalies over time (e.g., physical resources, virtual resources, database, application) to be able to evaluate the proposed model. The resulting dataset is publicly available. Our simulation results show that the proposed model is able to accurately identify the anomalies with 98% accuracy and their category with 99% accuracy.
Improving the Resistance to Enzyme Digestion of Rice Debranched Starch via Narrowing Chain Length Distribution Combined with Oven Drying
Authors: Wang Yunchun , Wu Zeyu , Lin Yanting , Hui Ailing , Tao Han , Shah Alia , Liu Qingsong , Li Jianwen , Li Shengnan , Liu Hao , Zhang Wencheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effects of chain length distribution and drying methods on the structural properties and in vitro digestibility of resistant starch (RS) are investigated. Rice starch is debranched at 10% w/w solid concentrations, incubated at 60 °C, and further subjected to freeze drying and oven drying treatment to obtain debranched starch (DBS). The chain length distribution shows that DBS (the degree of polymerization [DP] = 19.52 ± 0.13) has a high proportion of B1 and B2 chains (DP13‐36) and a narrow chain length distribution. In addition, the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the oven‐dried samples have denser structures and larger particle morphology compared to samples prepared by freeze‐drying. In FTIR, LCM‐Raman and X‐ray diffraction patterns, debranched starch supernatant fraction 1 (DBSS1) exhibit higher short‐range molecular order and crystallinity than other samples. Digestibility analysis shows that DBSS1 with narrow chain length distribution (DP13‐36) promotes the high content of RS formation and oven drying is more favorable for RS formation than freeze drying (RSDBSFS1 = 79.69 ± 5.09% and RSDBSOS1 = 84.17 ± 0.17%). This suggests that the proper narrow chain length distribution is conducive to the formation of ordered structure and an increase in resistance. Oven drying provides a larger starch particle size, which facilitates resistance to digestion.
Testing species relationships and delimitation in the Amazonian hyperdominantAstrocaryumsectionHuicungo(Arecaceae) using chloroplast data from genome skimming
Authors: Rivas‐Chamorro Marinoli , Cadenillas Richard , Ge Xue‐Jun , Jin Lu , Millán Betty , Roncal Julissa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHyperdominant trees in Amazonia account for half of the individual trees (>10 cm dbh) in the forest, and thus play a crucial role in ecosystem dynamics. However, several of these widespread hyperdominant species may be complexes hiding cryptic diversity that can affect species richness estimates and conservation priorities. Here, we study the intraspecific variation ofAstrocaryum murumuru(Arecaceae), a keystone and hyperdominant species in Amazonia, also known asAstrocaryumsect.Huicungo, a complex of 15 understory to subcanopy palm species. Using chloroplast DNA from genome skimming (>66 kbp alignment) in a Bayesian framework, we present evidence thatA. sect.Huicungorepresents three separately evolving lineages, suggesting that the section is not a single hyperdominant species, and that the 15 morphology‐based species may be an over‐representation. Genome skimming chloroplast data did not fully resolve the species‐level phylogenetic relationships inA. sect.Huicungomostly because of gene discordance and the paraphyly of most species. Contrary to a previous nuclear‐based phylogenetic analysis, the chloroplast genomic data did not recoverA. sect.Huicungomonophyletic, but yielded monophyly in an increased number of species (six) in the complex. Interspecific phylogenetic relationships showed a geographic pattern, and the traditional morphology‐based classification was not supported. Our phylogenomic results are discussed in light of earlier phylogeographical studies using Sanger sequencing. Our findings show the utility of genome skimming data in species delimitation analyses to uncover intraspecific variation of hyperdominant species in Amazonia, the largest evergreen tropical forest.
Introduction
Authors: Wen Chih-Yung , Jiang Yazhong , Shi Lisong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of electronic computers, numerical computation has become an important paradigm of scientific discovery as well as a powerful tool for engineering research. Solving complex problems in a computational fashion is more than applying theories, equations, and formulas. Computational methods, also called algorithms or schemes, have strong influences on the outcomes of computations.
Summary
Authors: Wen Chih-Yung , Jiang Yazhong , Shi Lisong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this book, the space–time CESE method is introduced as a novel and distinctive numerical approach to solving conservation equations in engineering sciences. Also, from a historical perspective, the development of the CESE method since the 1990s has been reviewed and the remarkable improvements and extensions of the CESE method in the past few years has been summarized. Various applications of the CESE method have been presented to emphasize its numerical performance under different scenarios, including many research topics in engineering, such as compressible multi-fluid flows and detonations.
Non-dissipative Core Scheme of CESE Method
Authors: Wen Chih-Yung , Jiang Yazhong , Shi Lisong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to demonstrating the basic ideas in the CESE method. These ideas include the adoption of a space–time integral form of governing equations as the starting point of scheme construction, as well as the introduction of conservation element (CE) and solution element (SE) in the discretization of space–time domain. Then, the non-dissipative core scheme of the CESE method will be presented in detail.
Other Applications
Authors: Wen Chih-Yung , Jiang Yazhong , Shi Lisong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe CESE method has been applied to a wide range of scientific and engineering problems since its inception in the 1990s. Although solving CFD problem is the primary goal of the CESE method, this general approach is actually applicable to a variety of PDE systems with physical backgrounds different from fluid dynamics. This chapter mainly introduces the application highlights of CESE in several representative fields.
Abelian Actions on Pseudo-real Riemann Surfaces
Authors: Bujalance E. , Cirre F. J. , Rodríguez J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA compact Riemann surface is called pseudo-real if it admits orientation-reversing automorphisms but none of them has order two. In this paper, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an action on a pseudo-real surface of genus $$g\geqslant 2$$

g
⩾
2

of an abelian group containing orientation-reversing automorphisms. Several consequences are obtained, such as the solution of the minimum genus problem for such abelian actions.
The importance of time and space in biogeochemical heterogeneity and processing along the reservoir ecosystem continuum
Authors: Woelmer Whitney M. , Hounshell Alexandria G. , Lofton Mary E. , Wander Heather L. , Lewis Abigail S. L. , Scott Durelle , Carey Cayelan C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlobally significant quantities of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) enter freshwater reservoirs each year. These inputs can be buried in sediments, respired, taken up by organisms, emitted to the atmosphere, or exported downstream. While much is known about reservoir-scale biogeochemical processing, less is known about spatial and temporal variability of biogeochemistry within a reservoir along the continuum from inflowing streams to the dam. To address this gap, we examined longitudinal variability in surface water biogeochemistry (C, N, and P) in two small reservoirs throughout a thermally stratified season. We sampled total and dissolved fractions of C, N, and P, as well as chlorophyll-a from each reservoir’s major inflows to the dam. We found that heterogeneity in biogeochemical concentrations was greater over time than space. However, dissolved nutrient and organic carbon concentrations had high site-to-site variability within both reservoirs, potentially as a result of shifting biological activity or environmental conditions. When considering spatially explicit processing, we found that certain locations within the reservoir, most often the stream–reservoir interface, acted as “hotspots” of change in biogeochemical concentrations. Our study suggests that spatially explicit metrics of biogeochemical processing could help constrain the role of reservoirs in C, N, and P cycles in the landscape. Ultimately, our results highlight that biogeochemical heterogeneity in small reservoirs may be more variable over time than space, and that some sites within reservoirs play critically important roles in whole-ecosystem biogeochemical processing.
Self-harm and rurality in Canada: an analysis of hospitalization data from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Mahinpey Newsha , Pollock Nathaniel J. , Liu Li , Contreras Gisèle , Thompson Wendy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The incidence of self-harm is an important indicator in suicide surveillance and a target outcome for suicide prevention. Self-harm rates vary by geographic location and rurality appears to be a risk factor. The objectives of this study were to estimate rates of self-harm hospitalization in Canada over a 5-year period by sex and age group, and examine relationships between self-harm and rurality.

Methods
Hospitalizations related to self-harm were identified in a national dataset (the Discharge Abstract Database) for all patients aged 10 years or older who were discharged from hospital between 2015 and 2019. Self-harm hospitalization rates were calculated and stratified by year, sex, age group, and level of rurality, as measured using the Index of Remoteness. A Poisson regression was fit to estimate rate ratios for the levels of rurality.

Results
Rates of self-harm hospitalization were higher for females than males across all levels of rurality and increased with each level for both sexes, except for among young males. The widest rural-to-urban disparities were observed for the 10–19 and 20–34-year old age groups. Females aged 10–19 in very remote areas had the highest self-harm hospitalization rate.

Conclusion
The rate of self-harm hospitalization in Canada varied by sex, age group, and level of rurality. Clinical and community-based interventions for self-harm, such as safety planning and increased access to mental health services, should be tailored to the differential risks across geographic contexts.
Rejection prices and an auctioneer with non-monotonic utility
Authors: Shui Zhonghao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper considers an auctioneer who has a non-monotonic utility function with a unique maximizer. The auctioneer is able to reject all bids over some amount by using rejection prices. We show that the optimal rejection price for such an auctioneer is lower than and equal to that maximizer in first-price and second-price sealed-bid auctions, respectively. Further, in each auction we characterize a necessary and sufficient condition that by using the optimal rejection price not only the auctioneer but also bidders can be better off, compared to a standard auction. Finally, we find that the auctioneer strictly prefers a first-price sealed-bid auction if he is risk-averse when his revenue is lower than the maximizer or if the distribution of revenues which are lower than the maximizer in a standard first-price sealed-bid auction is first-order stochastic dominant over the one in a standard second-price sealed-bid auction.
Hygroscopy and adaptive architectural façades: an overview
Authors: El-Dabaa Rana , Abdelmohsen Sherif 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHygroscopic properties of wood have been utilized in adaptive façades to respond to variation in humidity levels. Shape-shifting materials have been developed to replace mechanical actuators that respond to climatic variation with zero-energy consumption. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the use of hygromorphic behaviour in developing adaptive architectural façades, with the primary focus of identifying the venues of implementation of hygroscopic actuation in adaptive facades. The paper triangulates the intersection between hygroscopic design parameters with manufacturing strategies and their application as a passive motion mechanism in adaptive facades. This review focuses on state-of-the-art experimental work in hygroscopic design, with specific interest in manufacturing methods of hygromorphic adaptive façades, response motion behaviour evaluation and tracking, analysis of the current applications of hygromorphic design in real weather conditions, and performance prediction. Results reveal that most of the studied papers focus on the response behaviour of programmable materials to variation in moisture content and the implementation of hygroscopic design in adaptive façades. From the literature analysis, it was shown that programming the response behaviour of hygroscopic materials mainly takes place through variation in fabrication methods, followed by passive layer configurations, which act as actuators that are controlled by differences in layer properties.