bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Declines of peatland water table forces climate warming despite methane emission drawdown
Authors: Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Ma Lei , Gettel Gretchen , Werner Christian , Kiese Ralf , Zuo Hongchao , Niu Shuli , Wang Jinsong , Chen Xiangyue , Xia Longlong , Zhu Yuhao , Ciais Philippe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Drainage and reduction in precipitation due to climate change have led to global declines in the water table (WT) of pristine peatlands, which have increased ecosystem releases of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and decreased emissions of methane (CH4). However, the trade-offs in these changes on net greenhouse gas (GHG) balances of peatlands globally remains unknown. Using meta-analysis and bootstrapped upscaling approaches, we assessed the global effect of WT decline on net GHG balances in peatlands, considering both on- and off-site (e.g., biomass removal, hydrological export, ditch emission) ecosystem fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O. We found that drainage caused a significant increase in net emissions of CO2 by 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.08) Pg CO2 yr–1 and of N2O by 0.09 (0.05–0.12) Pg CO2-eq. yr–1, while emissions of CH4 decreased by 0.30 (0.13–0.48) Pg CO2-eq. yr–1. The overall GHG balance significantly increased by 0.68 (0.43–0.94) Pg CO2-eq. yr–1. Climate, land use, and time since drainage introduced variability, with the conversion of (sub)tropical peatlands to agriculture and forestry dominating net global increases in peatland emissions (105%, range: 63–147%). In contrast, forestry in boreal peatlands reduced global GHG emissions by –4% (–8~–1%). Conversion of temperate and boreal peatlands to agriculture and forestry land uses was climate neutral overall, as increases in CO2 and N2O emissions were offset by reductions in CH4 emissions. Drained (sub)tropical peatlands for agriculture and forestry are global GHG emission hotspots. Conserving pristine peatlands and restoring degraded peatlands are needed particularly in the (sub)tropics for climate change mitigation.
Development of an MTB39A protein-based Mycobacterium tuberculosis nanoparticle vaccine candidate
Authors: Wang Pu , Zhang Gang , Jiang Lingling , Cai Yurong , Zhang Sinong , Gao Weifeng , Li Yong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a human and animal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), has the highest global mortality rate after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and poses a major public health threat to China and several countries worldwide. Since 1890, vaccine candidates for various forms of TB have been developed for different age groups, but these vaccine candidates have not provided good protection in adolescents and adults in clinical trials. To help prevent and control the spread of TB, the development of a safe and effective TB vaccine is important. Studies conducted in recent years have shown that MTB39A has good immunogenicity and that the baculovirus expression vector systems have promising applications in vaccine development. Accordingly, in this study, we expressed the MTB39A protein via an insect-baculovirus surface display expression system, and the obtained recombinant baculovirus surface-displayed particles were used as subunit vaccines for the immunization of BALB/c mice. The results showed that the rvAc-71cA/rvAc-MTB39A recombinant baculovirus surface-displayed particles exhibited good immunogenicity in mice and could be considered potential candidates for further development of more effective genetically engineered vaccines based on the MTB39A protein, providing a solid experimental foundation for the further development of vaccines against TB and for the development of vaccines for other associated diseases using the baculovirus expression system.
Liraglutide attenuates post-cardiac arrest brain injury by inhibiting autophagy and ferroptosis
Authors: Xing Chengjun , Tang Lu , Li Shiwei , Yang Chengjie , Feng Jianguo , Jia Jing , Chen Ye , Wang Maohua , Zhou Jun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI) is the leading cause of death and disability in survivors of cardiac arrest (CA), where autophagy and ferroptosis are believed to play a pivotal role. Liraglutide, a synthetic, long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, can exert organ-protective effects through regulating autophagy and ferroptosis. This study aimed to investigate whether liraglutide had a neuroprotective after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation and explore its potential mechanisms. We used the 8-min asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation model in Sprague–Dawley rats to determine the possible mechanism. The histological changes, proinflammatory factors, apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis in hippocampal tissues were detected. Furthermore, the neurologic deficits scores (NDS) and 7-day survival rate was observed respectively. Our results showed that autophagyand apoptosis were activated and the expressions of proteins reached significance at 24h after CA/ROSC. Moreover, rapamycin enhanced apoptosis, ferroptosis and aggravated neuro-pathological damage while 3-methyladenine reduced that. Furthermore, liraglutide treatment improved the 7-day survival rate and NDS, reduced histology injury and inhibited apoptosis, ferroptosisand inflammatory cytokines released after cardiac arrest, and these effects were offset by autophagy agonist. These results suggested that liraglutide could exert a protective role against post-cardiac arrest brain injury, which could be partially mediated by partially inhibiting autophagy and ferroptosis.
Closing the Patient-Provider Gap Along the Surgical Journey One Click at a Time: Results of a Phase I Pilot Trial of a Patient Navigation Tool
Authors: Shoucair Sami , Downing Gregory , O’Rourke Jacqueline , Greenberg Liza , Yea Mike , Vatas Gunjan , Kim Paula , Fishbein Thomas , Unger Keith , Winslow Emily R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with complex hepato-pancreaticobiliary (HPB) conditions experience a complex journey through the health care system. Patient navigation is commonly offered to patients and their caregivers throughout this complex journey. We developed and tested a prototype web-based dual (patient and provider) navigation application ‘PatientNav’. We report on phase I of the study, which evaluated the app in multiple domains: usability, functionality, and reliability.MethodsEvidence-based recommendations determined throughout a needs assessment.PatientNavapp was designed to be a highly customizable tool based both on needs of the patient, care team and characteristics of the institution. Our phase I pilot trial targeted individuals aged 18 years or older who reported the capacity to use a mobile app or desktop website presenting to our HPB transplant clinic at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital/Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center over a 2-month period. Usability, functionality, and reliability testing was conducted by applying multiple strategies that include biometric data analysis, task completion, questionnaires, and interviews.ResultsThe usability rate ofPatientNav among patient app users was 95.4%. Out of 22 patients, 18 (81.8%) completed the in-app survey whose responses were included in the analysis. Among patient app users who completed the in-app survey questionnaire, 66.6% reported that content inPatientNavapp was relevant. In terms of reliability of the app, none of the patient app users reported issues with technical issues with accessingPatientNavthroughout the study period. To further elucidate the characteristics of individuals who exhibited high usage of thePatientNavassigned task functions, we divided our cohort based on median number of tasks used (N = 75 total tasks). Univariable comparison showed that high function users were older with a median (IQR) of 61.5 (57.8, 71.3) compared to 52.2 (34.5, 65.7) years among low function users. No differences were observed based on gender, racial distribution, living condition or occupation. However, 41.7% of low function users had Medicare/Medicaid insurance whereas all high function users had private or combined insurance.ConclusionOur phase I pilot study showed thatPatientNavis a feasible, usable and functional technological tool that enables patients with complex HPB diagnoses and their care team to interface in real time using PROMs.PatientNavis a reliable tool that can be used by clinical and support staff to help navigate patients through surgery and aftercare, and by patients to assist in navigation and self-management.Trial Registration: The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; Registration number: NCT04892927; date of registration: 5/19/2021.
ECG-based Human Identification System by Adaptive SVD Algorithm
Authors: WANG WEIBO , XIONG WEI , FANG YU , ZHENG YONGKANG 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
At present, people have higher requirements for the security of biometric technology. Therefore, ECG-based human identification is attracting more attention. In this paper, we designed a portable ECG acquisition device and proposed an adaptive SVD algorithm for ECG signal feature extraction in identity recognition. Compared with the classical singular value decomposition-total least square (SVD-TLS) algorithm, the adaptive SVD algorithm can automatically select the model and order of the parameterized power spectrum by the correlogram. It makes up for the defect of SVD-TLS algorithm that it isn’t easy to select an appropriate threshold in normalized ratio. In addition, due to the characteristics of ECG signals in frequency domain, this method can reduce the number of features and further increase the execution efficiency of identification network. The research of this paper is as follows: First, multiple cardiac cycles are segmented from the ECG signal. Second, the feature of each cardiac cycle is obtained by the adaptive SVD algorithm. Then, features are applied to the convolutional neural network (CNN) to realize the identification of ECG signals. Finally, we also developed ECG signal analysis software, which can obtain various ECG signal analysis results more conveniently. We tested the proposed method in MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and the identification performance is reported to 99.59%. At the same time, ECG data of 40 healthy people were collected by the designed portable ECG acquisition device, and achieved a rate of 95.03% for the self-built database. Experimental results show that this method has better performance than the existing methods.
Transcranial Photobiomodulation Therapy in Central and Peripheral Disorders of Tinnitus
Authors: Montazeri Katayoon , Farhadi Mohammad , Majdabadi Abbas , Akbarnejad Zainab , Fekrazad Reza , Mahmoudian Saeid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tinnitus is a common annoying symptom without effective accepted treatment. In this study, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), which has modulating and restorative effects, was used in the treatment of peripheral and central tinnitus defects in the rat animal model. The laser parameters included a wavelength of 808 nanometer, a power density of 165 milli-watts/cm2, and an energy density of 99 Joules/cm2. Tinnitus was induced by sodium salicylate (SS) injection and confirmed by behavioral test. In tinnitus rats, although the hearing status remained normal in the behavioral test, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test threshold was increased, indicating the occurrence of hidden hearing loss. In the tinnitus group, there was also a significant increase in the expression of doublecortin (DCX), which is a marker of neural plasticity, in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus and parafloccular lobe (PFL) of the cerebellum. In the treatment group, a significant improvement in the behavioral test and ABR threshold and a significant reduction of DCX expression in the DG were observed. Based on our findings, PBMT has the potential to treat SS-induced tinnitus and hidden hearing loss in rat animal model.
Forest wildfire risk mapping, performance comparison of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Jalilian Shadi , Jouibary Shaban Shataee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mapping wildfire risk using proper models and algorithms is one of the top execution priorities for forest managers to prevent wildfires before fires occur. This study evaluates the abilities of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) machine learning methods for the prediction and mapping of fire risk across the forests of Golestan Province, Iran. For modeling, the area was first gridded into 1 ha grids, and then pixel values ​​of influential factors were extracted and standardized based on the point shape file of grid centers. The nonparametric algorithms were implemented using 70% of fire points as training samples. The obtained forest fire risk maps were classified into three zones, including low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk classes. The classification accuracy of the obtained risk maps was evaluated using 30% of the remained fire points. The results showed that the RF algorithm, with an overall accuracy of 75%, had the best performance in fire risk predictions compared to other algorithms. Forest managers can use this methodology to predict areas of most significant fire risk to prevent future fires through land use management, strategic decision-making, and planning. The results enable forest managers to find the best way to monitor, manage, and control fire outbreaks based on fire risk maps of forests in northeastern Iran or other regions with similar conditions.
Effects of hot air assisted radio frequency drying on physicochemical properties of indica-japonica hybrid rice
Authors: Yifei Dong , Zhu Lin , Lin Xudong , Li hong , Ling Jiangang G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the effects of hot air assisted radio frequency drying (HA-RFD) on physicochemical properties and aromatic components of indica-japonica hybrid rice. Electrode gap of 9.5 cm and HA temperature of 50 ℃ were determined to the optimal drying conditions for HA-RFD. The results indicated that HA-RFD reduced the drying time by 40% compared to hot air drying (HAD). In addition, HA-RF dried-samples showed significantly higher color, vigor, taste value and less fatty acid value compared to HA dried-ones. While total sulfhydryl content of before and after drying had no significant difference. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed that HA-RFD had no effect on the protein profile of rice. Changes in volatile components of rice in before and after drying were characterized by GC-IMS, results showed that the content of aldehyde and ester aromatic compounds increased after drying and the content of most volatile components in HA-RF-dried rice was slightly higher than HA dried-samples. Thus, the inference drawn was that HA-RFD technology may be an innovative alternative to existing drying methods such as microwave, HA and other drying technologies.
Simultaneous measurements of surface spanwise waves and velocity in a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Fumarola Isabella , Santer Matthew , Morrison Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Among the different passive and active techniques for skin friction drag reduction for turbulent boundary layers, near wall forcing through moving walls is one of the most promising techniques at low Reτ. Fewer studies have looked at the mechanism at high Reτ, closer to flight conditions, largerly because, in this regime, numerical simulations become harder and experiments more challenging. To that end, there is the need of a systematic study for different surface waves and flow conditions. A new model using a kagome lattice is presented. It will be tested in the 10x5 wind tunnel at Reτ ≈ 8000. This work introduces an experimental setup which combines simultaneous measurements of surface displacement and velocity in the boundary layer. Here the results from a shorted version of the model at Reτ ≈ 1000 are presented to demonstrate the capability of the experimental setup.
Vibration Induced Flow Facilitating Immunoagglutination for Rapid Detection and Quantification of Nanoparticles
Authors: Kaneko Kanji , Tsugane Mamiko , Sato Taku , Hayakawa Takeshi , Hasegawa Yosuke , Suzuki Hiroaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The detection of bioactive nanoparticles (NPs) plays an important role in the medical and diagnostic fields. Conventional techniques for the sensitive detection of target NPs must overcome challenges such as long processing time, complex sample preparation, and high cost. Here, we show that vibration-induced flow (VIF), in which a local flow is induced around microscopic objects by applying small periodic vibrations, can facilitate immunoagglutination to realize rapid, facile, sensitive, and low-cost detection of NPs in a minute sample. In the proposed system, the presence of NPs in a sample is detected by the formation of aggregates of affinity microparticles (MPs) stirred by the VIF within a short time (approximately 15 min). The concentration of NPs can be quantified using the average area of aggregates observed in bright-field microscopic images. Finally, we demonstrate the detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to validate the applicability of the proposed system in diagnostic applications.
Effectiveness of early glucocorticoids in myasthenia gravis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhen Lu lu , Zhao Xue , Li Wen bo , Wu Jin ru , Shang Hao dong , Chen Shu fan , Zhu Xiao yan , Wang Yi ren , Yu Xiao xiao , Hu Guan lian , Sun Zhan , Zhang Ying na , Zhang Jing , Fang Hua , Zhang Yun ke , Zhang Qing yong , Cui Xin zheng , Lv Jie , Yang Jun hong , Gao Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify the effect of early glucocorticoid (GC) application on achieving minimal manifestation (MM) status or better in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) in the early clinical phase. A retrospective analysis was performed on 366 patients with MG who had received immunotherapy in the Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Myasthenia Gravis Biobank from January 2015 to September 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: the early mono-GC group (treated with GC within 6 months of MG onset) and delayed mono-GC group. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the early mono-GC group achieved MM status earlier and more frequently (Log-rank test,P = 0.0052; hazard ratio [HR], 1.59;P = 0.007). The early mono-GC group had a lower maintenance oral GC dose than delayed mono-GC group. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, early mono-GC (HR, 0.68;P = 0.026), early-onset MG (EOMG) (HR, 0.53;P = 0.004), ocular MG (OMG) (HR, 0.58;P = 0.002), and Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) IV-V typing (HR, 2.51;P = 0.035) were associated with MM. In conclusion, EOMG, OMG, and low MGFA typing were positive predictors of treatment goals. Early intervention with GC leads to better long-term outcomes and reduces the necessary maintenance dose of oral GC for patients with MG.
Free flowing water retting holds the key for quality jute fibre production in minimal water and maintenance of water quality
Authors: Majumdar Bijan , Barai Shrestha , Paswan Alka , Naik Ranjan Kumar , Mazumdar Sonali Paul , Sarkar Sitangshu , Chattopadhyay Lipi , Kar Gouranga , Jha Suniti Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Conventional retting of jute universally followed by the jute growers is characterized by higher water requirement, production of lower quality jute fibre and degradation of water quality from the environmental point of view. Among the improved retting methods evaluated under this study reflect that the free flowing water retting requires only 7135 litres of water for 1 quintal jute fibre production compared to 25,840 litres in conventional retting because of recirculation of the water after filtration. Free flowing water retting also recorded very low BOD (45.1 mg/l), COD (157.6 mg/l), and hardness (65 ppm) content in post-retting water which were significantly lower than the values recorded in conventional retting. Except pH, all other water quality parameters like EC, BOD, COD, Ca + Mg, bicarbonate, chloride and hardness values in post-retting water increased significantly compared to the pre-retting water in all the retting methods. Use of microbial consortium “CRIJAF SONA” helped to reduce the retting duration by 6 to 10 days in improved retting methods along with improvement in fibre quality parameters like fibre strength, fibre fineness, reduced root content etc. as compared to the conventional retting where no microbial consortium was used. The fibre yield in free flowing water retting was higher by 7.5, 6.0 and 22.4% respectively, over stagnant water retting in concrete retting tank, in-situ retting and conventional retting because of higher fibre recovery as a result of favourable condition for microbial growth and their enzymatic activity. The post-retting water in each retting methods recorded significantly higher nutrient content than their respective pre-retting water contents. Free flowing water retting along with in-situ retting and stagnant water retting in concrete tank recorded significantly higher polygalacturonase, pectin lyase and xylanase activities than conventional retting because of use of microbial consortium. Free flowing water retting proved to be the most vibrant jute retting method with very low water requirement and also maintains post-retting water quality along with higher fibre recovery and improved fibre quality.
A Dynamic Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm for Multilevel Satellite Image Segmentation
Authors: Hakemi Shahin , Houshmand Mahboobeh , Hosseini Seyyed Abed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Thresholding is one of the methods of image segmentation, and metaheuristics have got much attention to find optimal thresholds. However, falling into local optima and lack of ability to thoroughly search in complicated search spaces like those in image thresholding problems, have always been a challenge for metaheuristics. In this paper, we applied a dynamic quantum-inspired genetic algorithm (DQGA) that utilizes the probabilistic representation of qubits in quantum computing, an adaptive look-up table for quantum gates, and introduced the lengthening chromosomes in order to promote the search power and local optima avoidance of the algorithm. Image segmentation using the proposed algorithm yielded promising results in comparison with the other competitive algorithms, which proves the merits of DQGA.
Assessing the Environment From Both Supply and Demand Aspects in New Emerging Countries: The LCC and the EKC Approaches
Authors: Bakirtas Tahsin , Acikgoz Furkan , Ozdilek Elveda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study delves into the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Load Capacity Curve (LCC) hypotheses as well as the effect of energy consumption (EC) and urbanization (URBAN) on the environment in BNIVMT countries (Bangladesh, Nigeria, Indonesia, Vietnam, Mexico, and Turkey) for the years 1990–2018. Two models were employed for this purpose. The following results are attained: i-) The first model purports that the EKC hypothesis is confirmed only in Nigeria and Vietnam, but the U-shape trajectory was found in Indonesia. ii-) The findings of the second model do not provide support for the validity of LCC theory in BNIVMT countries, whereas an inverted U-shaped relationship between GDP and LCF was revealed in Bangladesh and Indonesia. iii-) Energy consumption worsens environmental quality in Bangladesh, Nigeria, Indonesia, Turkey, and the entire panel. Urbanization deteriorates the environment in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Turkey, whereas it ameliorates the environment in Nigeria. iv-) The causality relationship from GDP, EC, and URBAN to the ecological footprint (EF) and the load capacity factor (LCF) is attested in Nigeria. Findings evince EC causes environmental degradation in Turkey. Urbanization causes ecological degradation in Vietnam. v-) In countries where EKC has been ratified, the LCC may not necessarily follow a U-shaped trajectory, indicating that interpretations of the EKC hypothesis based on the LCC shape may yield inconsistent results.