bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 mortality in Brazil, 2020-21: consequences of the pandemic inadequate management
Authors: Szwarcwald Célia Landmann , Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira , da Silva de Almeida Wanessa , Soares Filho Adauto Martins , Malta Deborah Carvalho 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic brought countless challenges to public health and highlighted the Brazilian health system vulnerabilities in facing the emergency. In this article, we analyze data on COVID-19-related deaths in 2020-21 to show the epidemic consequences in Brazil.

Methods
The Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System were the primary information sources. We used population estimates in 2020-21 to calculate COVID-19 specific mortality rates by age, sex, and educational level. Considering the total number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020-21, the COVID-19 proportional mortality (%) was estimated for each age group and sex. A graph of the daily number of deaths from January 2020 to December 2021 by sex was elaborated to show the temporal evolution of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil. In addition, four indicators related to COVID-19 mortality were estimated: infant mortality rate (IMR); maternal mortality ratio (MMR); number and rate of orphans due to mother’s COVID-19 death; the average number of years lost.

Results
The overall COVID-19 mortality rate was 14.8 (/10,000). The mortality rates increase with age and show a decreasing gradient with higher schooling. The rate among illiterate people was 38.8/10,000, three times higher than a college education. Male mortality was 31% higher than female mortality. COVID-19 deaths represented 19.1% of all deaths, with the highest proportions in the age group of 40-59 years. The average number of years lost due to COVID-19 was 19 years. The MMR due to COVID-19 was 35.7 per 100,000 live births (LB), representing 37.4% of the overall MMR. Regarding the number of orphans due to COVID-19, we estimated that 40,830 children under 18 lost their mothers during the epidemic, with an orphans’ rate of 7.5/10,000 children aged 0-17 years. The IMR was 11.7 per 1000 LB, with 0.2 caused by COVID-19. The peak of COVID-19 deaths occurred in March 2021, reaching almost 4000 COVID-19 deaths per day, higher than the average number of deaths per day from all causes in 2019.

Conclusions
The delay in adopting public health measures necessary to control the epidemic has exacerbated the spread of the disease, resulting in several avoidable deaths.
Decreasing Burnout and Improving Work Environment: The Impact of Firgun on a Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Team
Authors: Stein Jerry , Madni Arshia , Moody Karen , Kramer Deborah , Vaughn Dagny , Bhatia Shalini , Sellers Janet , Snyder Angela , Lu Zhaohua , Baker Justin N. , Levine Deena R. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: Oncology teams are challenged by BO, which may be alleviated by meaningful recognition. In this study, firgun—altruistic acknowledgment—was implemented on a pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant unit to evaluate its impact on staff and work environment. METHODS: In this longitudinal, mixed-methods pilot study, interdisciplinary inpatient hematopoietic cell transplant providers received web-based firgun education. Electronic administration of validated surveys occurred at baseline and 8 weeks, including Perceived Stress Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Workplace Civility Index, Areas of Work Life Survey, and WHO-5. Weekly e-mails reminded participants to practice and log firgun. Wilcoxon signed test for paired data compared pre/post results. Interviews conducted at project completion were coded using MaxQDA software. RESULTS: Forty-two participants enrolled; 25 completed pre/post surveys; eight were interviewed. At study end, participants reported feeling less nervous and stressed ( P = .008), and less difficulty coping ( P = .01; Perceived Stress Scale), while noting increased acknowledgment of others' work ( P = .04) and seeking constructive feedback ( P = .04; Workplace Civility Index). Marked BO was not evident overall on the Maslach Burnout Inventory; however, emotional exhaustion subscale mean (SD) scores improved from pre (19.4 [8.6]) to post (16 [6.3; P = .02]) and individual items illustrated decreased fatigue ( P = .008), frustration ( P = .04), and feeling “at the end of my rope” ( P = .001). Postintervention participants noted increased receipt of recognition ( P = .02; Areas of Work Life Survey), decreased feeling “bogged down” ( P = .02), decreased affective stress ( P = .04), and negative pre-occupations ( P = .04; Professional Quality of Life Scale). Qualitative analysis revealed themes of improved confidence at work and enhanced feelings of trust and teamwork. CONCLUSION: Firgun is a tool that can potentially reduce BO and stress in interdisciplinary providers, facilitate teamwork, and promote positive work environments in clinical oncology and beyond.
Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Manousakis Georgios 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article outlines the salient clinical, serologic, electrophysiologic, imaging, and histopathologic findings and treatment options for the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, including those related to immune checkpoint inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2.

RECENT FINDINGS
The classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies has improved with the integration of myositis-specific antibodies and histopathologic findings. Characteristic features of immune checkpoint inhibitor–related myositis have been identified, allowing early recognition and treatment of the syndrome. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the care of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and several mechanisms of virus-related muscle injury have been proposed.

SUMMARY
A comprehensive evaluation including clinical examination, EMG, imaging, antibody testing, muscle biopsy, and cancer screening, when appropriate, can lead to an earlier accurate diagnosis and an individualized treatment approach for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
Inclusion Body Myositis
Authors: Goyal Namita A. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article highlights the clinical and diagnostic features of inclusion body myositis (IBM) and provides recent insights into the pathomechanisms and therapeutic strategies of the disease.

RECENT FINDINGS
IBM is an often-misdiagnosed myopathy subtype. Due to the insidious onset and slow progression of muscle weakness, it can often be dismissed as a sign of aging as it commonly presents in older adults. While challenging to recognize upon initial clinical evaluation, the recent recognition of specialized stains highlighting features seen on muscle pathology, the use of diagnostic tools such as the anti-cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase 1A antibody biomarker, and the ability of muscle imaging to detect patterns of preferential muscle involvement seen in IBM has allowed for earlier diagnosis of the disease than was previously possible. While the pathogenesis of IBM has historically been poorly understood, several ongoing studies point toward mechanisms of autophagy and highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells that are postulated to be pathogenic in IBM.

SUMMARY
Overall advancements in our understanding of IBM have resulted in improvements in the management of the disease and are the foundation of several strategies for current and upcoming novel therapeutic drug trials in IBM.
The Practice of Experimental Neurotherapeutics in Neuromuscular Disease
Authors: Reoma Lauren B. , Nath Avindra , Griggs Robert C. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The discipline of experimental neurotherapeutics targets the process and operation of translating scientific discoveries into new treatments for neurologic diseases and has been instrumental in the progression of many areas of neurology.

RECENT FINDINGS
From the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) market approval of the first systemic in vivo gene therapy in neurology to multiple current gene-targeting therapeutics, monoclonal antibodies, and new drugs under development or approved in the last several years, the field of experimental neurotherapeutics has a presence in every neuromuscular clinic in the United States.

SUMMARY
This article provides an overview of experimental neurotherapeutics with guidance on the clinical trials landscape, using examples in the field of neuromuscular disease. It covers the regulatory framework, clinical trial methodology, and offers advice on common pitfalls encountered when embarking on a clinical trials program in the clinic.
The Location of Anticolonialism; or, Al-Afghānī, Qāsim Amīn, and Sayyid Quṭb at the Peripheries
Authors: Idris Murad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent decades have seen a turn toward colonialism and anticolonial thought in the discipline of political theory. This turn has done the crucial work of bringing questions of dispossession, racialization, and the critical imaginaries of marginalized bodies of thought into the mainstream of the discipline. The expansion, however, has been marked by a tendency to typecast the archive of anticolonial thought with a handful of figures. This article examines the edge of the archive, or three thinkers who are only at its margins. They are Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Qāsim Amīn, and Sayyid Quṭb, each of whom occupies a central place in the archive of modern Islamic thought. The article reads the peripheries of their works, tracing the arcs formed by their incidental references to places around the world, and, ultimately, probing their location in anticolonialism and contemporary critical thought. The article calls this double method of selection and interpretation periphereia.
The Flickering Torch
Authors: Degani Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis essay offers an ethnographic analysis of Tanzania's electrical power crisis in 2011 and the national disposition to endure suffering that it seemed to make evident. It shows that in asking citizens to suffer the near-total breakdown of the power supply in good faith, the ruling party, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM, or Party of the Revolution), drew on a cultural-political orientation developed during the socialist era and sustained through a long period of partial neoliberal reform. While some Tanzanians saw this suffering in good faith as an expression of docility and credulity, the essay suggests that it also speaks to the moral power of socialism's underlying vision of collective interdependence, and might be read as a utopian insistence on that vision in an era of growing oligarchy and inequality.
Consentimiento
Authors: Moreno María 
Published: December 2022

Abstracto
En este artículo, María Moreno explora inicialmente los límites del consentimiento en su fundamental condición fluctuante o inestable en relación al yo interno de la dinámica integridad sexual de la víctima, y pasa a situarlo en el más amplio registro social, como parte menor o instrumento de otro instrumento de control mayor: la violación en sí misma. A través de una examinación de una serie de violaciones, algunas cometidas por civiles, otras por agentes del estado durante la dictadura militar, Moreno ilustra e ilumina las contradicciones de las categorías existentes que tienden a ocultar la violación no solo como un delito mayor, equivalente a asesinato, si no también en su calidad de arma de perpetuación de la economía simbólica patriarcal y elemento clave del arsenal de guerra. Y pregunta, la autora, si no es entonces necesario enfocar la violación fuera de la dimensión moral, directamente en la política. Termina volviendo al ámbito interno, con una meditación del poderoso rol liberador o sustentador de soberanía que el no consentimiento otorga tanto a víctima como perpetrador cuando ambos son sujetos oprimidos del sistema que los trasciende.
Ikaros family proteins redundantly regulate temporal patterning in the developing mouse retina
Authors: Javed Awais , Santos-França Pedro L. , Mattar Pierre , Cui Allie , Kassem Fatima , Cayouette Michel 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Temporal identity factors regulate competence of neural progenitors to generate specific cell types in a time-dependent manner, but how they operate remains poorly defined. In the developing mouse retina, the Ikaros zinc-finger transcription factor Ikzf1 regulates production of early-born cell types, except cone photoreceptors. In this study we show that, during early stages of retinal development, another Ikaros family protein, Ikzf4, functions redundantly with Ikzf1 to regulate cone photoreceptor production. Using CUT&RUN and functional assays, we show that Ikzf4 binds and represses genes involved in late-born rod photoreceptor specification, hence favoring cone production. At late stages, when Ikzf1 is no longer expressed in progenitors, we show that Ikzf4 re-localizes to target genes involved in gliogenesis and is required for Müller glia production. We report that Ikzf4 regulates Notch signaling genes and is sufficient to activate the Hes1 promoter through two Ikzf GGAA-binding motifs, suggesting a mechanism by which Ikzf4 may influence gliogenesis. These results uncover a combinatorial role for Ikaros family members during nervous system development and provide mechanistic insights on how they temporally regulate cell fate output.
Neurog2 regulates Isl1 to modulate horizontal cell number
Authors: Keeley Patrick W. , Patel Pooja S. , Ryu Matthew S. , Reese Benjamin E. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The population sizes of different retinal cell types vary between different strains of mice, and that variation can be mapped to genomic loci in order to identify its polygenic origin. In some cases, controlling genes act independently, whereas in other instances, they exhibit epistasis. Here, we identify an epistatic interaction revealed through the mapping of quantitative trait loci from a panel of recombinant inbred strains of mice. The population of retinal horizontal cells exhibits a twofold variation in number, mapping to quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 13, where these loci are shown to interact epistatically. We identify a prospective genetic interaction underlying this, mediated by the bHLH transcription factor Neurog2, at the chromosome 3 locus, functioning to repress the LIM homeodomain transcription factor Isl1, at the chromosome 13 locus. Using single and double conditional knockout mice, we confirm the countervailing actions of each gene, and validate in vitro a crucial role for two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 5′UTR of Isl1, one of which yields a novel E-box, mediating the repressive action of Neurog2.
Differences in all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to external causes and suicide between young adult refugees, non-refugee immigrants and Swedish-born young adults: The role of education and migration-related factors
Authors: Stratmann Marlene , Björkenstam Emma , Dorner Thomas E. , Chen Lingjing , Helgesson Magnus , Cullen Alexis E. , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: December 2022

Background
International migration has increased during the past years and little is known about the mortality of young adult immigrants and refugees that came to Sweden as children. This study aimed to investigate 1) the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in young accompanied and unaccompanied refugees and non-refugee immigrants compared to Swedish born individuals; and 2) to determine the role of educational level and migrations-related factors in these associations.

Methods
This register linkage study is based on 682,358 individuals (633,167 Swedish-born, 2,163 unaccompanied and 25,658 accompanied refugees and 21,370 non-refugee immigrants) 19–25 years old, who resided in Sweden 31.12.2004. Outcomes were all-cause mortality and mortality due to suicide and external causes. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression models with a maximum follow-up to 2016.

Results
After adjusting for covariates, all-cause mortality was significantly lower in non-refugee immigrants (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.84) and refugees (aHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65–0.88) compared to Swedish-born individuals. The same direction of association was observed for mortality due to suicide and external causes. No differences between accompanied and unaccompanied refugees were found. Risk estimates for all migrant groups varied with educational level, duration of residency, age at arrival and country of birth. Further, the mortality risk of migrants arriving in Sweden before the age of 6 years did not significantly differ from the risk of their Swedish-born peers. Low education was a considerable risk factor.

Conclusion
In general, young adult refugees and non-refugee immigrants have a lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality than Swedish-born individuals. The identified migrant groups with higher mortality risk need specific attention.
Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi rural community people: Findings from the ‘BD ComMen Study’
Authors: Mamun Mohammed A. , Al-Mamun Firoj , Islam Johurul , Muhit Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

Background
Suicide is considered as one of the major public health concerns, which can be prevented with cost-effective and timely intervention. In Bangladesh, very few studies assessed the suicidal behavior of rural community people. Thus, this Bangladesh Community Mental Health Study (BD ComMen Study) attempted to understand the current situation of suicidality in Bangladeshi rural community people considering three-time frames: lifetime, past year, and past month.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community in Bangladesh between May 17 and 31, 2022, using a cluster sampling technique. Information on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related factors, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal behaviors was collected. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

Results
During their lifetime, 33.1% of the rural community people had suicidal thoughts, whereas 5.5% made a plan for suicide and 1.8% attempted suicide. The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation was 3.9%, whereas 1.4% had a suicide plan. In addition, 0.6% had past-month suicidal thoughts, although none of them had planned or attempted suicide. The factors associated with suicidal behaviors included males, lower age, lower educational grade, low-earning jobs, living in a government-provided house, family history of mental health and suicide, and suffering from anxiety and insomnia.

Conclusions
Suicidal behaviors among the rural community people are of great concern as most of the rural people in Bangladesh do not have enough mental health literacy for treatment-seeking due to a high level of mental health-related stigma. Thus, this study would likely help to initiate further studies and stimulate suicide prevention programs, because most suicide can be prevented.
Effects of temperature, weather, seasons, atmosphere, and climate on the exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moon Sun Jae , Lee Yeong Chan , Kim Tae Jun , Kim Kyunga , Son Hee Jung 
Published: December 2022

Background
Exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common. Identification of the exacerbating factors could facilitate interventions for forecastable environmental factors through adjustment of the patient’s daily routine. We assessed the effect of natural environmental factors on the exacerbation of IBD.

Methods
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies published from January 1, 1992 to November 3th, 2022 were searched in the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete and Cochrane Library databases. We extracted data related to the impact of environmental variations on IBD exacerbation, and performed a meta-analysis of the individual studies’ correlation coefficient χ2 converted into Cramér’s V (φc) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
A total of 7,346 publications were searched, and 20 studies (sample size 248–84,000 cases) were selected. A meta-analysis with seven studies was performed, and the pooled estimate of the correlation (φc) between the seasonal variations and IBD exacerbations among 4806 cases of IBD exacerbation was 0.11 (95% CI 0.07–0.14; I2 = 39%; p = 0.13). When divided into subtypes of IBD, the pooled estimate of φc in ulcerative colitis (six studies, n = 2649) was 0.07 (95% CI 0.03–0.11; I2 = 3%; p = 0.40) and in Crohn’s disease (three studies, n = 1597) was 0.12 (95% CI 0.07–0.18; I2 = 18%; p = 0.30).

Conclusion
There was a significant correlation between IBD exacerbation and seasonal variations, however, it was difficult to synthesize pooled results of other environmental indicators due to the small number of studies and the various types of reported outcome measures. For clinical implications, additional evidence through well-designed follow-up studies is needed.

Protocol registration number (PROSPERO)
CRD42022304916.
Consumption of 2 Green Kiwifruits Daily Improves Constipation and Abdominal Comfort—Results of an International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gearry Richard , Fukudo Shin , Barbara Giovanni , Kuhn-Sherlock Barbara , Ansell Juliet , Blatchford Paul , Eady Sarah , Wallace Alison , Butts Christine , Cremon Cesare , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Pagano Isabella , Okawa Yohei , Muratubaki Tomohiko , Okamoto Tomoko , Fuda Mikiko , Endo Yuka , Kano Michiko , Kanazawa Motoyori , Nakaya Naoki , Nakaya Kumi , Drummond Lynley 
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Consumption of green kiwifruit is known to relieve constipation. Previous studies have also reported improvements in gastrointestinal (GI) comfort. We investigated the effect of consuming green kiwifruit on GI function and comfort.

METHODS:
Participants included healthy controls (n = 63), patients with functional constipation (FC, n = 60), and patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C, n = 61) randomly assigned to consume 2 green kiwifruits or psyllium (7.5 g) per day for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout, and then the other treatment for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM) per week. Secondary outcomes included GI comfort which was measured using the GI symptom rating scale, a validated instrument. Data (intent-to-treat) were analyzed as difference from baseline using repeated measures analysis of variance suitable for AB/BA crossover design.

RESULTS:
Consumption of green kiwifruit was associated with a clinically relevant increase of ≥ 1.5 CSBM per week (FC; 1.53, P < 0.0001, IBS-C; 1.73, P = 0.0003) and significantly improved measures of GI comfort (GI symptom rating scale total score) in constipated participants (FC, P < 0.0001; IBS-C, P < 0.0001). No significant adverse events were observed.

DISCUSSION:
This study provides original evidence that the consumption of a fresh whole fruit has demonstrated clinically relevant increases in CSBM and improved measures of GI comfort in constipated populations. Green kiwifruits are a suitable dietary treatment for relief of constipation and associated GI comfort.