bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Euler-Euler CFD simulation of high velocity gas injection at pool scrubbing conditions
Authors: Li Shiwang , Apanasevich Pavel , Lucas Dirk , Liao Yixiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPressure relief by blowdown is one of the most important measures to prevent excessive pressures in the primary circuit or containment in severe nuclear accidents. Pool scrubbing can significantly reduce the release of radioactive materials, e.g., aerosols, to the environment during the pressure relief. The decontamination factor indicating the particle retention efficiency depends, among other factors, on the hydrodynamic conditions of the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the pool. In the present work, the hydrodynamics in two typical pool scrubbing experiments is investigated with the two-fluid model, and the influence of some key factors including bubble diameter, nozzle submergence as well as interaction models are analysed. One case is a rectangular pool and the other is a cylindrical column, and their injection Weber number is around 2×103 and 4×105, respectively. The numerical results show that as the distance from the nozzle exit increases, the void fraction and velocity field expand from the central region, where the nozzle is located, to the whole cross section. The profile and its development depends largely on the bubble size and the interaction force model. It reveals that in the monodisperse simulation, the tuning of bubble diameter is necessary for achieving good agreement, although it is difficult for high velocity gas injection. More information is required to properly describe the bubble size distribution as well as its evolution in pool scrubbing conditions. Furthermore, the experimental data show clear drag reduction in the bubble swarm generated by the gas jet, and the mechanism and model improvement possibilities need to be investigated.
Modelling socio-economic mortality at neighbourhood level
Authors: Wen Jie , Cairns Andrew J.G. , Kleinow Torsten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, we quantify the relationship between socio-economic status and life expectancy and identify combinations of socio-economic variables that are particularly useful for explaining mortality differences between neighbourhoods in England. We achieve this by examining socio-economic variation in mortality experiences across small areas in England known as lower layer super output areas (LSOAs). We then consider 12 socio-economic variables that are known to have a strong association with mortality. We estimate the relationship between those variables and mortality rates using a random forest algorithm. Based on the resulting estimate, we then create a new socio-economic mortality index – the Longevity Index for England (LIFE). The index is constructed in a way that eliminates the impact of care homes that might artificially increase mortality rates in LSOAs with care homes compared to LSOAs that do not contain a care home. Using mortality data for different age groups, we make the index age-dependent and investigate the impact of specific socio-economic characteristics on the age-specific mortality risk. We compare the explanatory power of the LIFE index to the English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) as predictors of mortality. While we find that the IMD can explain regional mortality differences to some extent, the LIFE index has significantly greater explanatory power for mortality differences between regions. Our empirical results also indicate that income deprivation amongst the elderly and employment deprivation are the most significant socio-economic factors for explaining mortality variation across LSOAs in England.
Environmental chamber studies of eye and respiratory irritation from use of a peracetic acid–based hospital surface disinfectant
Authors: Dalton Pamela H. , Maute Christopher , Hicks Jeffrey B. , Watson Heather N. , Loccisano Anne E. , Kerger Brent D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To characterize personal exposures and measures of eye and respiratory tract irritation in controlled environmental chamber studies of 44 healthy adult volunteers simulating upper-bound use of peracetic acid (PAA)–based surface disinfectant for terminal cleaning of hospital patient rooms.

Design:
Experimental, within-subject, double-blinded cross-over design.

Methods:
Objective and subjective exposure effects were assessed for PAA and its components: acetic acid (AA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP). Deionized water was included as a control. Breathing-zone concentrations of PAA, AA, and HP were assessed for 8 female multiday volunteers (5 consecutive days) and 36 single-day volunteers (32 females and 4 males). Wetted cloths were used to wipe high-touch surfaces for 20 minutes per trial. Also, 15 objective measures of tissue injury or inflammation and 4 subjective odor or irritation scores were assessed.

Results:
Disinfectant trials showed 95th percentile breathing zone concentrations of 101 ppb PAA, 500 ppb AA, and 667 ppb HP. None of the volunteers observed over 75 test days exhibited significant increases in IgE or objective measures of eye and respiratory tract inflammation. Subjective ratings for disinfectant and AA-only trials showed similar increases for odor intensity and nose irritation, with lower ratings for eye and throat irritation. Females were 2.5-fold more likely than males to assign moderate + irritation ratings.

Conclusions:
Simulated upper-bound hospital use of PAA-based disinfectant led to no significant increases in objective markers of tissue injury, inflammation, or allergic sensitization, and no frank signs of eye or respiratory tract irritation.
What Do You Do When You Can Do No More? Limited Resources, Unimaginable Environments, Personal Danger: What Have Previous Disasters Taught Us About Moral and Ethical Challenges?
Authors: Smith Stephanie , Kuipers Jessica 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Historically, natural and manmade disasters create many victims and impose pressures on health-care infrastructure and staff; potentially hampering the provision of patient care and overloading clinician capacity. Throughout the course of history, clinicians have performed heroics to work well above their required duty, despite limitations, even putting their own health and safety at risk. In times when clinicians needed to either physically abandon patients or consider abandoning active treatment, we have seen extreme hesitancy to do so, fearing that they may be giving up too soon, that undue harm may come to patients, or even feeling unsure of legal or moral burdens that may ensue. In times when clinicians are placed in this unimaginable position, feeling isolated and overwhelmed, it is essential that they be supported and provided with resources to standardize decision-making.
Dimension approximation in smooth dynamical systems
Authors: CAO YONGLUO , WANG JUAN , ZHAO YUN 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor a non-conformal repeller
$\Lambda $
of a
$C^{1+\alpha }$
map f preserving an ergodic measure
$\mu $
of positive entropy, this paper shows that the Lyapunov dimension of
$\mu $
can be approximated gradually by the Carathéodory singular dimension of a sequence of horseshoes. For a
$C^{1+\alpha }$
diffeomorphism f preserving a hyperbolic ergodic measure
$\mu $
of positive entropy, if
$(f, \mu )$
has only two Lyapunov exponents
$\unicode{x3bb} _u(\mu )>0>\unicode{x3bb} _s(\mu )$
, then the Hausdorff or lower box or upper box dimension of
$\mu $
can be approximated by the corresponding dimension of the horseshoes
$\{\Lambda _n\}$
. The same statement holds true if f is a
$C^1$
diffeomorphism with a dominated Oseledet’s splitting with respect to
$\mu $
.
Grid method for divergence of averages
Authors: MONDAL SOVANLAL 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we will introduce the ‘grid method’ to prove that the extreme case of oscillation occurs for the averages obtained by sampling a flow along the sequence of times of the form
$\{n^\alpha : n\in {\mathbb {N}}\}$
, where
$\alpha $
is a positive non-integer rational number. Such behavior of a sequence is known as the strong sweeping-out property. By using the same method, we will give an example of a general class of sequences which satisfy the strong sweeping-out property. This class of sequences may be useful to solve a long-standing open problem: for a given irrational
$\alpha $
, whether the sequence
$(n^\alpha )$
is bad for pointwise ergodic theorem in
$L^2$
or not. In the process of proving this result, we will also prove a continuous version of the Conze principle.
Food security among SNAP participants 2019 to 2021: a cross-sectional analysis of current population survey food security supplement data
Authors: Brady Patrick J. , Harnack Lisa , Widome Rachel , Berry Kaitlyn M. , Valluri Sruthi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Surveillance data indicate that food security rates increased among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021) compared with pre-pandemic (2019), but this could have been due to increased participation from better resourced households. Our objective was to examine if demographic differences between SNAP-participating households in each year were responsible for the increased prevalence of food secure households. We calculated the observed 30-d food security prevalence among SNAP-participating households for each year. We used indirect standardisation to produce expected 2020 and 2021 prevalences with 2019 as the standard population using household size, income, age, sex, race, Hispanic ethnicity, presence of children, single parent household, metropolitan status and census region. We calculated standardised prevalence ratios (SPRs) to understand if the observed prevalence was higher than expected given any changes in the demographic profile compared to 2019. The Current Population Survey data were collected by the United States Census Bureau and Department of Agriculture. Our sample included 5,245 SNAP-participating households. The observed prevalence of food secure households increased by 3⋅6 percentage points comparing 2019 to 2020 (SPR = 1⋅06, 95 % confidence interval = 1⋅00, 1⋅11) and by 8⋅6 percentage comparing 2019 to 2021 (SPR = 1⋅13, 95 % confidence interval = 1⋅07, 1⋅18). The greater prevalence of food secure SNAP households during the pandemic did not appear to be attributable to socio-demographic differences compared to pre-pandemic. Despite hesitance among policymakers to expand or enhance social safety net programmes, permanently incorporating COVID-19-related policy interventions could lessen food insecurity in years to come.
The Silent Voice of Guillermo Cabrera Infante in Exorcismos de esti(l)o
Authors: Morales Benito Lidia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExorcismos de esti(l)o is one of Guillermo Cabrera Infante’s least studied books. It is nevertheless of essential importance for understanding the entirety of his poetics. It is a book that condenses the pain of the ostracism and the betrayal inflicted by the revolutionary regime that Cabrera had so strongly supported. The purpose of this article is to highlight the implicit elements of the text that support this hypothesis. It considers the strategies used by the author throughout Exorcismos de esti(l)o to practice the language with which he obsessively tries to draw, in his novelas del yo, a portrait of a lost and unrecoverable Havana, the hopeful Havana preceding the Cuban Revolution. It is an impossible yet obstinate mission. This is why the texts that articulate the impossibility of representation and the anguish that this mission generates deserve special attention.
The Southern-sky MWA Rapid Two-metre (SMART) pulsar survey—II. Survey status, pulsar census, and first pulsar discoveries
Authors: Bhat N. D. R. , Swainston N. A. , McSweeney S. J. , Xue M. , Meyers B.W. , Kudale S. , Dai S. , Tremblay S. E. , van Straten W. , Shannon R. M. , Smith K. R. , Sokolowski M. , Ord S. M. , Sleap G. , Williams A. , Hancock P. J. , Lange R. , Tocknell J. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Tingay S. J. , Walker M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In Paper I, we presented an overview of the Southern-sky MWA Rapid Two-metre (SMART) survey, including the survey design and search pipeline. While the combination of MWA’s large field-of-view and the voltage capture system brings a survey speed of

${\sim} 450\, {\textrm{deg}}^{2}\,\textrm{h}^{-1}$

, the progression of the survey relies on the availability of compact configuration of the Phase II array. Over the past few years, by taking advantage of multiple windows of opportunity when the compact configuration was available, we have advanced the survey to 75% of the planned sky coverage. To date, about 10% of the data collected thus far have been processed for a first-pass search, where 10 min of observation is processed for dispersion measures out to 250

${\textrm{pc cm}}^{-3}$

, to realise a shallow survey that is largely sensitive to long-period pulsars. The ongoing analysis has led to two new pulsar discoveries, as well as an independent discovery and a rediscovery of a previously incorrectly characterised pulsar, all from

${\sim} 3\% $

of the data for which candidate scrutiny is completed. In this sequel to Paper I, we describe the strategies for further detailed follow-up including improved sky localisation and convergence to timing solution, and illustrate them using example pulsar discoveries. The processing has also led to re-detection of 120 pulsars in the SMART observing band, bringing the total number of pulsars detected to date with the MWA to 180, and these are used to assess the search sensitivity of current processing pipelines. The planned second-pass (deep survey) processing is expected to yield a three-fold increase in sensitivity for long-period pulsars, and a substantial improvement to millisecond pulsars by adopting optimal de-dispersion plans. The SMART survey will complement the highly successful Parkes High Time Resolution Universe survey at 1.2–1.5 GHz, and inform future large survey efforts such as those planned with the low-frequency Square Kilometre Array (SKA-Low).
Rethinking international intervention through coeval engagement: Non-formal youth education and the politics of improvement
Authors: Kušić Katarina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAfter important critiques highlighted that studies of peacebuilding and statebuilding tend to bypass people living the consequences of intervention, scholars moved to include local experiences and subjects into knowledge production. This article builds upon these efforts by identifying and then furthering their common goal of coeval engagement. Coeval engagement implies encountering interlocutors as contemporaneous subjects of international politics and centring their experiences as a base for knowledge production. While the urgency and ongoing failures of coeval engagement are widely discussed, I focus on a thus far unconsidered possibility: that coeval engagement is impossible within the conceptual confines of intervention itself. The article delineates two defining parameters of intervention thinking that limit ongoing efforts at coeval engagement: predefined fields of visibility and the local-international binary. As an alternative, it proposes seeing intervention as part of a wider politics of improvement. This conceptual shift leads to unexpected empirical sites and continues challenging intervention’s constitutive binaries. The potential of this reorientation is demonstrated by showing how a common tool of ‘soft’ statebuliding – non-formal youth education – functions within the politics of youth (un)employment in Serbia.
Working memory and second language writing: A systematic review
Authors: Li Shaofeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article reports on a comprehensive synthesis of the literature on the role of working memory in second language (L2) writing. It starts with an overview and clarification of the construct and measurement of working memory, followed by an elaboration of major theoretical models informing the synthesized research. The article then presents a synthesis of the methods and results of the 16 studies that have been conducted on the associations between working memory and L2 writing. The methodological synthesis encompasses research design, methods of working memory, measurement of writing performance, methods of data elicitation for writing processes, and data analysis and reporting. The results of the synthesized studies demonstrate that (1) working memory is largely unrelated to overall writing proficiency; (2) it is predictive of specific aspects of L2 composition such as complexity, accuracy, and fluency; (3) the role of working memory varies as a function of genre, proficiency, target structure, instruction type, and task demands; and (4) verbal working memory, phonological short-term memory, visual-spatial working memory, and executive functions (inhibiting, shifting, and updating) have differential associations with the process and product aspects of L2 writing. The methods and results are discussed by identifying trends, accounting for disparities, clarifying confusion, recommending solutions, and proposing new directions.
Equations of mirrors to log Calabi–Yau pairs via the heart of canonical wall structures
Authors: ARGÜZ HÜLYA 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGross and Siebert developed a program for constructing in arbitrary dimension a mirror family to a log Calabi–Yau pair (X, D), consisting of a smooth projective variety X with a normal-crossing anti-canonical divisor D in X. In this paper, we provide an algorithm to practically compute explicit equations of the mirror family in the case when X is obtained as a blow-up of a toric variety along hypersurfaces in its toric boundary, and D is the strict transform of the toric boundary. The main ingredient is the heart of the canonical wall structure associated to such pairs (X, D), which is constructed purely combinatorially, following our previous work with Mark Gross. In the case when we blow up a single hypersurface we show that our results agree with previous results computed symplectically by Aroux–Abouzaid–Katzarkov. In the situation when the locus of blow-up is formed by more than a single hypersurface, due to infinitely many walls interacting, writing the equations becomes significantly more challenging. We provide the first examples of explicit equations for mirror families in such situations.
Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on growth, yield and quality of different rice varieties in arid areas of Xinjiang
Authors: Buhailiqem Abliz , Zhu Chunquan , Yuan Jie , Zhang Yanhong , Zhao Zhiqiang , Wen Xiaorong , Wang Shimei , Kang Mingtai , Tang Fusen , Wang Fengbin , Zhang Junhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNitrogen fertilizer and water are two major nutrients required for the optimal production of rice worldwide. The utilization of different irrigation techniques to save water and fertigation to maximize rice production has been the main focus. A field experiment was conducted to explore the responses of 16 rice varieties to different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer regimes. Two nitrogen treatments, 270 kg ha−1and 225 kg ha−1(ureaN≥ 46.4%), and two irrigation regimes, 8.7 t ha−1and 5.22 t ha−1, were applied three times. Plant height and the soil and plant analyser development (SPAD) values were measured throughout the growth period. The total yield and quality characteristics of the rice varieties were also determined. Based on the yield, the 16 rice varieties were divided into three groups: high yield (I), middle yield (II) and low yield (III) using cluster analysis. A positive correlation was found between the growth period and yield of these 16 rice varieties. In the water-deficient regime, the growth period of the 16 varieties was reduced by 1.68–2.93%. Furthermore, nitrogen- and water-deficient regimes had significant effects on the polishing rate, protein content and taste values of all varieties. At maturity stage under these regimes, plant height and chlorophyll SPAD values were decreased by 1.25–6.05% and 1.60–31.48%, respectively. Deficient nitrogen fertilization, along with appropriate irrigation, is an effective method for the efficient utilization of irrigation and fertilizer resources in rice-growing areas.
A novel parent selection strategy for the development of salt-tolerant cotton cultivars
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Awais , Chaudry Muhammad Tanees , Akram Umar , Shafique Muhammad Sohaib , Shakeel Amir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSalinity poses a major obstacle in increasing the yield of cotton. To explore genetic material that can yield better under salt stress conditions, eight parents including 5 females and 3 testers were crossed in line×tester mating design. After successful completion of crossing, parents and their 15 crosses were evaluated for seed cotton yield, within boll yield components, fibre quality, ionic and biochemical traits under control and NaCl salt stressed conditions (10 and 20 dSm−1). Under salt stress conditions seed cotton yield, fibre length and fibre strength decreased in all genotypes whereas, lint percentage and fibre fineness increased. Among parents RH-647 and among crosses FH-214 × FH-2015 performed better for seed cotton yield while for fibre quality traits under salt stress conditions among parents KEHKSHAN, and among crosses FH-214 × KEHKSHAN performed better. Results suggested that plant height, boll weight, lint percentage, fibre length and fibre strength are reliable traits for the selection of salt tolerant genotypes in the future cotton breeding programs.
Substituting Coffee and Tea in the Eighteenth Century: A Rural and Material History with Global Implications
Authors: Hodacs Hanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the material history of coffee and tea by drawing on mid-eighteenth-century substitute recipes collected by physicians in different provinces of Sweden, applying perspectives from economic history, the history of science, medicine, and globalization. The starting point for the analysis is that a substitute can be said to reflect what are perceived as the most important properties, in terms of look, feel, taste, and scent, of the thing being copied. The products of a predominantly self-sustained agrarian world, the tea and coffee substitutes offered a distinctive rural alternative to the new exotic beverages. In terms of ecology and economy, this context encompassed large parts of central and north-eastern Europe; it also involved areas with a history of consumption that differed considerably from those of the cosmopolitan elites which have hitherto dominated the scholarship on eighteenth-century coffee and tea. The article finally suggests that the ways in which early modern substitutes were consumed and processed helped pave the way for the mass consumption of imported goods in rural areas of Europe in the following centuries.