bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Design of Helicopter Powerplants
Authors: Dabbadie H. C. 
Published: March 2023

Over the past twenty years a large part of the activity of Turbomeca has been directed first to the creation and next to the subsequent development of propulsion units for helicopters.The use of the gas turbine brought with it a fundamental advantage—low specific weight which led to the exceptional expansion of this specialised branch of the aircraft industry, and without wishing to minimise the constant improvement of rotor systems, we believe that above all else the qualities of the engine have played a significant part in the success of this system of transport and in the more specific success of this or that particular helicopter.
The Development of the BAC One-Eleven Autopilot
Authors: Roberts L. J. 
Published: March 2023

The One-Eleven autopilot has been developed in parallel with the aircraft as a whole, being largely prompted by the increasingly sophisticated requirements of our customers, and I am sure you will agree it is a continuing story of achievement of which the British aviation industry in general, and BAC with their sub-contractors in particular, can be justly proud.The One-Eleven is not one aircraft, it is a “family” of aircraft, each member of the “family” having a unique autopilot requirement and standard of fit (see Table I).
International Airport Planning as Influenced by Aircraft Development
Authors: Tutty E. Bryan 
Published: March 2023

Although the subject under discussion refers directly to international airports, I feel I must point out at the outset that domestic airports are similarly influenced by the same aircraft development—usually, however, a little later, as anything which can be labelled biggest, best, fastest or any other commercially acceptable superlative is usually introduced into the international arena first.As those of you who had the opportunity to read my summary will have noted, I believe that airport planning, certainly for the next ten years, will be mainly influenced by the loads carried in the new generations of commercial aircraft rather than by the aircraft themselves. To illustrate my point, I will first review the significant developments in this field during the past and then, I hope, refer in greater detail to the major factors which we have to face both today and in the immediate future.
Airport Restrictions as they affect Economic Airline Operation
Authors: Davey P. M. 
Published: March 2023

The airline, if it is to keep faith with its customers, has a duty to run its published schedule with a high degree of regularity and punctuality. This calls for a wide range of interlocking activities, most of which can be affected by restrictions of one form or another. Some of these restrictions cannot be overcome by the airline's own efforts, while others are of their own making, and the airline can take appropriate action to minimise their effect.This paper has been written from the viewpoint of a major short haul airline, whose operations are centred at a major airport (London Heathrow), and discusses three major areas of concern: Congestion; Noise; Performance.
Aviation and the Environment—The Problem of Balance
Authors: Masefield Peter 
Published: March 2023

Frederick Handley Page was, in every sense, a well-rounded man. His interests were wide—from ancient history to science fiction. They ranged through all branches of aeronautics into astronautics. And he was not afraid to show enthusiasm, tempered with a certain—proper—cynical optimism.In the 25 years during which I knew him (from 1937 to his death, at the age of 77, in 1962) I found increasingly that one of the endearing characteristics of HP was that he maintained an exceptionally close and imaginative interest in the four main aspects of aviation in which he had been involved from his pioneering days:Aircraft manufactureAircraft operationAerodrome provisions, andAir educationAll of these subjects are just as relevant today.
Sixty Years in Flying
Authors: Sikorsky Igor I. 
Published: March 2023

It is a great pleasure and honour to accept the Royal Aeronautical Society's invitation to deliver the Eleventh Cierva Memorial Lecture. I remember Cierva from a number of meetings and conversations. He was one of the great pioneers without whose work the autogyro would have been developed only far later, or possibly not at all. His significant contributions included the following:He created a completely new concept, the autogyro.He perfected the flexible, rotating-wing which was later used by the helicopter.He demonstrated autorotation. Before Cierva many doubted that autorotation was possible in case of engine failure.
Astronautics after Apollo
Authors: Cleaver A. V. 
Published: March 2023

If R. J. Mitchell were still alive, then it is very probable that this creator of the Spitfire, the Schneider Trophy seaplanes, and other classic aircraft would be attracted by the challenge of space flight. This is more than ever likely at this precise point in time, when the technology of the aeroplane is being joined with that of the ballistic rocket, in readiness to take the next great step forward in astronautics with the new vehicles which have come to be called “space shuttles”.It was with these thoughts in mind that I chose the subject matter of this Memorial Lecture, when the Southampton Branch honoured me with the invitation to deliver it.
The Alan Marsh Award Flying Training
Authors: Howell D. A. S. 
Published: March 2023

The five hours flying training obtained under the above Royal Aeronautical Society Award was given at Bristow Helicopter Flying Training School, Army Air Corps Centre, Middle Wallop. In this instance the training consisted of seven approximately equal duration flights in a Westland built Bell 47G-4 helicopter.My flying experience prior to this award consisted of two short helicopter flights as a passenger apart from scheduled airline flights. I therefore found the flying a thoroughly enjoyable personal experience, and think the flying training will be of some professional value to my career as a helicopter engineer. It is difficult, however, to qualify this training in terms of benefit to my future work since the experience has primarily led to an environmental appreciation of the helicopter in flight.
The Use of High Strength Titanium Alloys in Aircraft Accessories
Authors: Wood S. W. H. , Hammond D. 
Published: March 2023

While in the design of aircraft hydraulic equipment and landing gear, the final choice of materials used is obviously influenced by a large number of factors including space, wear corrosion resistance, fatigue and, the achievement of minimum weight at an economic cost is usually a primary consideration, the acceptable premium for each kg of weight saved varying from under £5 to over £200 depending on the aircraft type.The range of materials available to the equipment designer is wide and it is therefore desirable to formulate some guide lines to assist the designer in making the most appropriate material selection for the type of equipment being considered.
REFLEXIVITY INDEX OF THE PRODUCT OF SOME TOPOLOGICAL SPACES AND LATTICES
Authors: MA BINGZHANG 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce a technique that is helpful in evaluating the reflexivity index of several classes of topological spaces and lattices. The main results are related to products: we give a sufficient condition for the product of a topological space and a nest of balls to have low reflexivity index and determine the reflexivity index of all compact connected 2-manifolds.
Free classification as a method for investigating the perception of nonnative sounds
Authors: Daidone Danielle , Lidster Ryan , Kruger Franziska 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur study proposes the use of a free classification task for investigating the dimensions used by listeners in their perception of nonnative sounds and for predicting the perceptual discriminability of nonnative contrasts. In a free classification task, participants freely group auditory stimuli based on their perceived similarity. The results can be used to predict discriminability and can be compared to various acoustic or phonological dimensions to determine the relevant cues for listeners. The viability of this method was examined for both a segmental contrast (German vowels) and a nonsegmental contrast (Finnish phonemic length). Perceptual similarity data from the free classification task accurately predicted discriminability in an oddity task and separately provided rich information on how the perceptual space is shaped. These results suggest that a free classification task and related analyses are informative and replicable methods for examining nonnative speech perception.
Reevaluating trials to criterion as a measure in second language research
Authors: Henry Nick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch on input processing and processing instruction has often employed a scoring method known as trials to criterion to observe the effects of instruction that emerge during training. Despite its common use in this research (see Fernández, 2021) this metric has never been evaluated critically. The present study first discusses several challenges associated with trials to criterion, including issues with its conceptual and methodological implementation. The study then introduces three alternative approaches for analyzing accuracy data collected during training sequences: trials to accuracy threshold, growth curve analysis, and bootstrapped differences of timeseries. For each approach, advantages and disadvantages are discussed and example analyses are presented using data from previous research. This discussion shows how these alternative approaches can supplement current trials-to-criterion-based analyses, expand the methodological choices available to researchers, and permit new and interesting research questions.
Care as Critique of Care: Public Services, Social Security and Ritual Responsiveness
Authors: Feuchtwang Stephan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocialist governance and popular sovereignty require state administration of care. In the People's Republic of China (PRC) today, such state care is provided in the form of public services and in the guarantee of social security. Ideally, different levels of government should foster relations of care in local communities and remain responsive to “the people.” Local self-government, relations of mutual support and ritual communities, however, reveal the deficits of state care. Much like general philosophies of care, such local ethics of care propose universal benchmarks against which social practice can be measured. This article outlines the main contours of state care in the post-Mao Zedong PRC, and contrasts its findings with empirical research on public services, social security and ritual responsiveness. Mutual help, neighbourhood communities and ritual practice, in particular, provide alternative models of care. As such, they can be extended and universalized, and offer possibilities for a critique of care.
A Framework for Estimating Global River Discharge From the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Satellite Mission
Authors: Durand Michael , Gleason Colin J. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Prata de Moraes Frasson Renato , Turmon Michael , David Cédric H. , Altenau Elizabeth H. , Tebaldi Nikki , Larnier Kevin , Monnier Jerome , Malaterre Pierre Olivier , Oubanas Hind , Allen George H. , Astifan Brian , Brinkerhoff Craig , Bates Paul D. , Bjerklie David , Coss Stephen , Dudley Robert , Fenoglio Luciana , Garambois Pierre‐André , Getirana Augusto , Lin Peirong , Margulis Steven A. , Matte Pascal , Minear J. Toby , Muhebwa Aggrey , Pan Ming , Peters Daniel , Riggs Ryan , Sikder Md Safat , Simmons Travis , Stuurman Cassie , Taneja Jay , Tarpanelli Angelica , Schulze Kerstin , Tourian Mohammad J. , Wang Jida 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will vastly expand measurements of global rivers, providing critical new data sets for both gaged and ungaged basins. SWOT discharge products (available approximately 1 year after launch) will provide discharge for all river that reaches wider than 100 m. In this paper, we describe how SWOT discharge produced and archived by the US and French space agencies will be computed from measurements of river water surface elevation, width, and slope and ancillary data, along with expected discharge accuracy. We present for the first time a complete estimate of the SWOT discharge uncertainty budget, with separate terms for random (standard error) and systematic (bias) uncertainty components in river discharge time series. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two‐thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by bias. Separate river discharge estimates will combine both SWOT and in situ data; these “gage‐constrained” discharge estimates can be expected to have lower systematic uncertainty. Temporal variations in river discharge time series will be dominated by random error and are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, allowing accurate inference of event flow dynamics globally, including in ungaged basins. We believe this level of accuracy lays the groundwork for SWOT to enable breakthroughs in global hydrologic science.
Long‐Term Variations and Residual Trends in the E, F, and Sporadic E (Es) Layer Over Juliusruh, Europe
Authors: Sivakandan M. , Mielich J. , Renkwitz T. , Chau J. L. , Jaen J. , Laštovička J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing 63 and 56 yr of continuous observations, we investigate the long‐term oscillations and residual linear trends, respectively, in the E‐ and F‐region ionosonde measured parameters of frequencies and height over Juliusruh, Europe. Using the Lomb‐Scargle periodogram (LSP) long‐term variations are estimated before the trend calculation. We found that the amplitude of the annual oscillation is higher than the 11‐yr solar cycle variation in the critical frequencies of the daytime E (foE) and Es (foEs) layers. In the F‐region, except for daytime hmF2, and nighttime foF2, the amplitude of the 11‐yr solar cycle variation is higher than the annual oscillation. The combination of the LSP estimated periods and their corresponding amplitudes and traditional regression analysis are used to construct a model for E‐ and F‐region ionospheric parameters. The modeled estimates are in good agreement with the observations. The trend calculation is derived by applying a least‐squares fit analysis to the residuals, subtracting the model from the observation. In the F‐region, both day (nighttime) foF2 and hmF2 show negative trends of −4.44 ± 1.78 (−4.30 ± 1.63) kHz/yr and −413 ± 47 (−574 ± 75) m/yr, respectively. The Piecewise linear trend of foF2 provides negative and positive trends in 1964–1996 and 1997–2019, respectively. In the E‐region, foEs show a negative trend of −2.00 ± 0.61 kHz/yr. The present investigation suggests that the greenhouse cooling effect and negative trend in the atomic oxygen (O) as well as wind shear variability could be the main drivers for the observed negative trends in the hmF2, foF2, and foEs, respectively.
Ecophysiological Responses of Nothofagus obliqua Forests to Recent Climate Drying Across the Mediterranean‐Temperate Biome Transition in South‐Central Chile
Authors: Urrutia‐Jalabert Rocío , Barichivich Jonathan , Szejner Paul , Rozas Vicente , Lara Antonio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe forests of south‐central Chile are facing a drying climate and a megadrought that started in 2010. This study addressed the physiological responses of five Nothofagus obliqua stands across the Mediterranean‐Temperate gradient (35.9°−40.3°S) using carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13 C) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in tree rings during 1967–2017. Moreover, tree ring δ18O was evaluated in the northernmost site to better understand the effects of the megadrought in this drier location. These forests have become more efficient in their use of water. However, trees from the densest stand are discriminating more against 13C, probably due to reduced photosynthetic rates associated with increasing light competition. The strongest associations between climate and Δ13C were found in the northernmost stand, suggesting that warmer and drier conditions could have reduced 13C discrimination. Tree growth in this site has not decreased, and δ18O was negatively related to annual rainfall. However, a shift in this relationship was found since 2007, when both precipitation and δ18O decreased, while correlations between δ18O and growth increased. This implies that tree growth and δ18O are coupled in recent years, but precipitation is not the cause, suggesting that trees probably changed their water source to deeper and more depleted pools. Our research demonstrates that forests are not reducing their growth in central Chile, mainly due to a shift toward the use of deeper water sources. Despite a common climate trend across the gradient, there is a non‐uniform response of N. obliqua forests to climate drying, being their response site‐specific.
Jurassic Evolution of the Dunhuang Basin and Its Implications for the Early History of the Altyn Tagh Fault, Northeast Tibet Plateau
Authors: Dai Shuang , Ma Xiaojun , Zhao Zhenbin , Fan Xin , Wang Yilin , Wang Zixuan , Zhang Xiang , Cai Lipiao , Deng Wei , Hou Xubo , Xu Jianjun , Li Jiasheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBasin evolution along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau related to the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) has significant implications for deciphering the formation of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the Mesozoic history of the ATF is still not well understood. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive sedimentologic and provenance analysis of the Jurassic Dunhuang Basin (DHB) to reconstruct the basin prototype and evolution and to discuss the early history of the ATF. The basin infill consists of late‐Early through Late Jurassic sediments interbedded with basalt, which were deposited in alluvial to lacustrine environments during the Early to Middle Jurassic, and in fluvial to fan delta environments during the Late Jurassic. The analyses of gravel component, paleocurrent and detrital zircon U‒Pb geochronology indicate that the clastic sediments were mainly derived from peripheral areas of the Bei Shan (north), Altyn Tagh—Qilian Shan (south), and the internal Sanwei Shan. Combined with seismic reflection data interpretations, our results suggest that rifting started by the activation of bilateral boundary faults during the Early Jurassic. This was followed by extension and associated magmatism due to subcrustal ductile necking and increased heat flux during the Middle Jurassic, and by final transformation into subsidence sag related to boundary fault die‐out or weakening during the Late Jurassic. We conclude that the DHB formed in an extensional setting generated by the far‐field effects of the Bangong‐Nujiang Ocean closure during the Jurassic, and that the ATF consisted of three subordinate normal faults rather than a sinistral strike‐slip fault during the Jurassic.
Reshaping healthcare with wearable biosensors
Authors: Smith Aaron Asael , Li Rui , Tse Zion Tsz Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWearable health sensors could monitor the wearer's health and surrounding environment in real-time. With the development of sensor and operating system hardware technology, the functions of wearable devices have been gradually enriched with more diversified forms and more accurate physiological indicators. These sensors are moving towards high precision, continuity, and comfort, making great contributions to improving personalized health care. At the same time, in the context of the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the ubiquitous regulatory capabilities have been released. Some sensor chips are equipped with data readout and signal conditioning circuits, and a wireless communication module for transmitting data to computer equipment. At the same time, for data analysis of wearable health sensors, most companies use artificial neural networks (ANN). In addition, artificial neural networks could help users effectively get relevant health feedback. Through the physiological response of the human body, various sensors worn could effectively transmit data to the control unit, which analyzes the data and provides feedback of the health value to the user through the computer. This is the working principle of wearable sensors for health. This article focuses on wearable biosensors used for healthcare monitoring in different situations, as well as the development, technology, business, ethics, and future of wearable sensors for health monitoring.
Performance evaluation of newly developed surrogate virus neutralization tests for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kweon Oh Joo , Bae Joon-Yong , Lim Yong Kwan , Choi Yoojeong , Lee Sohyun , Park Man-Seong , Suh In Bum , Kim Hana , Jee Young Sam , Lee Mi-Kyung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe evaluated newly developed surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNT) for detecting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the receptor binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). VERI-Q SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Detection ELISA Kit (MiCo BioMed, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, hereafter, “eCoV-CN”) is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based sVNT, and VERI-Q SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Rapid Test Kit (MiCo BioMed, hereafter, “rCoV-RN”) is a point-of-care lateral-flow immunochromatography test with auto-scanner. A total of 411 serum samples were evaluated. Both evaluations used a 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) as the gold standard. Compared with PRNT50, the eCoV-CN showed 98.7% positive percent agreement (PPA), 96.8% negative percent agreement (NPA), 97.4% total percent agreement (TPA), with kappa values of 0.942. The rCoV-RN showed 98.7% PPA, 97.4% NPA, 97.8% TPA, and kappa values of 0.951, comparing to PRNT50. Neither assay indicated cross-reactivity for other pathogens, and the signal indexes were statistically significantly correlated to the PRNT50 titer. The two evaluated sVNTs show comparable performances to the PRNT50 with the advantages of technical simplicity, speed, and do not require cell culture facilities.
Optimum design and performance of a base-isolated structure with tuned mass negative stiffness inerter damper
Authors: Kiran K. K. , Al-Osta Mohammed A. , Ahmad Shamsad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to increase the efficiency of the structures to resist seismic excitation, combinations of inerter, negative stiffness, and tuned mass damper are used. In the present work, the optimum tuning frequency ratio and damping of the tuned mass negative stiffness damper-inerter (TMNSDI) for the base-isolated structure were determined by employing the numerical searching technique under filtered white-noise earthquake excitation and stationary white noise. The energy dissipation index, the absolute acceleration, and the relative displacement of the isolated structure were considered as the optimum parameters, obtained by their maximization. Evaluations of base-isolated structures with and without TMNSDI under non-stationary seismic excitations were investigated. The efficiency of the optimally designed TMNSDI for isolated flexible structures in controlling seismic responses (pulse-type, and real earthquakes) were evaluated in terms of acceleration and displacement. A dynamic system was used for deriving the tuning frequency and tuned mass negative stiffness damper inerter (TMNSDI) for white noise excitation by using explicit formulae of the curve fitting method. The proposed empirical expressions, for design of base-isolated structures with supplementary TMNSDI, showed lesser error. Fragility curve results and story drift ratio indicate reduction in seismic response by 40% and 70% in base-isolated structure using TMNSDI.