bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective quantification of viewing behaviours during printed and electronic tasks in emmetropic and myopic ultra‐Orthodox Jewish men
Authors: Doron Ravid , Gordon‐Shaag Ariela , Shneor Einat , Goldstein Ayelet , Ostrin Lisa A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeUltra‐Orthodox Jewish men are known to have a high prevalence of myopia, which may be due to intense near‐work from an early age. This study objectively assessed near‐viewing behaviours in ultra‐Orthodox and non‐ultra‐Orthodox men in Israel for different tasks.MethodsUltra‐Orthodox (n = 30) and non‐ultra‐Orthodox (n = 38) men aged 18–33 years participated. Autorefraction, visual acuity, height and Harmon distance were measured. An objective range‐finding sensor was mounted on their spectacles while they performed four 10‐min tasks in a randomised order: (1) reading printed material, (2) writing printed material, (3) passive electronic and (4) active electronic tasks. Near‐viewing distance and the number of viewing breaks were calculated for each task. Statistical analyses included Student t‐tests and the Mann–Whitney test between groups and repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman between tasks.ResultsFor all tasks combined, a significantly shorter viewing distance was observed for the ultra‐Orthodox group (36.2 ± 7.0 cm) than for the non‐ultra‐Orthodox group (39.6 ± 6.7 cm,p < 0.05). Viewing distances for the passive reading and electronic tasks were shorter for the ultra‐Orthodox group (36.9 ± 7.7 cm vs. 41.3 ± 8.1 cm,p < 0.03 and 39.0 ± 10.1 vs. 43.9 ± 9.3,p < 0.05, respectively). Viewing distances were significantly different between all four tasks, with writing having the closest distance. No correlation was found between working distance and spherical equivalent or Harmon distance. However, a significant correlation was found in the ultra‐Orthodox group between working distance and height for each task (p < 0.04,R < 0.42 for all). There was no difference in the number of viewing breaks between the groups.ConclusionWhen reading a book and viewing an iPad, ultra‐Orthodox men demonstrated a closer objective working distance than non‐ultra‐Orthodox men. This shorter viewing distance may contribute to the high prevalence and degree of myopia in this population.
Immigration, Naturalization, and the Purpose of Citizenship
Authors: Sharp Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is widely believed that immigrants, after some time, acquire a claim to naturalize and become citizens of their new state. What explains this claim? Although existing answers (may) succeed in justifying some of immigrants' rights claims, they cannot justify the claim that immigrants are owed the opportunity to naturalize because these theories lack a sufficiently rich account of the purpose of citizenship. To fill this gap, I offer a novel egalitarian account of citizenship. Citizenship, on this account, partially protects immigrants against social hierarchy by realizing social equality in a publicly accessible manner. This explains claims to naturalize.
Field testing of transgenic aspen from large greenhouse screening identifies unexpected winners
Authors: Donev Evgeniy N. , Derba‐Maceluch Marta , Yassin Zakiya , Gandla Madhavi Latha , Pramod Sivan , Heinonen Emilia , Kumar Vikash , Scheepers Gerhard , Vilaplana Francisco , Johansson Ulf , Hertzberg Magnus , Sundberg Björn , Winestrand Sandra , Hörnberg Andreas , Alriksson Björn , Jönsson Leif J. , Mellerowicz Ewa J. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryTrees constitute promising renewable feedstocks for biorefinery using biochemical conversion, but their recalcitrance restricts their attractiveness for the industry. To obtain trees with reduced recalcitrance, large‐scale genetic engineering experiments were performed in hybrid aspen blindly targeting genes expressed during wood formation and 32 lines representing seven constructs were selected for characterization in the field. Here we report phenotypes of five‐year old trees considering 49 traits related to growth and wood properties. The best performing construct considering growth and glucose yield in saccharification with acid pretreatment had suppressed expression of the gene encoding an uncharacterized 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase (2OGD). It showed minor changes in wood chemistry but increased nanoporosity and glucose conversion. Suppressed levels of SUCROSE SYNTHASE, (SuSy), CINNAMATE 4‐HYDROXYLASE (C4H) and increased levels of GTPase activating protein for ADP‐ribosylation factor ZAC led to significant growth reductions and anatomical abnormalities. However, C4H and SuSy constructs greatly improved glucose yields in saccharification without and with pretreatment, respectively. Traits associated with high glucose yields were different for saccharification with and without pretreatment. While carbohydrates, phenolics and tension wood contents positively impacted the yields without pretreatment and growth, lignin content and S/G ratio were negative factors, the yields with pretreatment positively correlated with S lignin and negatively with carbohydrate contents. The genotypes with high glucose yields had increased nanoporosity and mGlcA/Xyl ratio, and some had shorter polymers extractable with subcritical water compared to wild‐type. The pilot‐scale industrial‐like pretreatment of best‐performing 2OGD construct confirmed its superior sugar yields, supporting our strategy.
Dynamic variables to predict fluid responsiveness in young children
Authors: Liu Ya‐Fei , Song Lin‐Lin , Ma Wei , Wang Dong‐Xin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence that dynamic variables predict fluid responsiveness in young children is limited by conflicting research results.MethodsSixty patients, 1–3 years of age, undergoing major neurosurgery, received 10 mL/kg of Ringer's solution over 10 min after anesthesia induction. Respiratory variation in aortic blood flow peak velocity (∆Vpeak), plethysmographic variability index (PVI), FloTrac/Vigileo‐derived stroke volume variation (SVV), dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn), and pulse pressure variation (PPV) were measured before and following fluid loading. An increase in the cardiac index (CI) of ≥10% following fluid loading identified fluid “responders.”ResultsTwenty‐six patients (43.3%) were fluid responders. Baseline ∆Vpeak was an excellent predictor of a CI increase following fluid loading with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.982 (p < 0.001). The PVI showed fair diagnostic accuracy for CI‐fluid responsiveness (AUROC 0.775, p < 0.001). Baseline ∆Vpeak and PVI cutoff values were 9.6% and 15%, respectively. PPV, SVV, and Eadyn were not predictors or were poor predictors for CI‐fluid responsiveness (AUROC 0.669, 0.653, and 0.533, respectively).ConclusionVolume‐based PVI and ∆Vpeak showed acceptable reliability for fluid responsiveness prediction in young children undergoing major neurosurgery, whereas pressure‐based SVV using FloTrac/Vigileo, Eadyn, and PPV did not.
Water stress protection by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare involves physiological and hormonal responses in an organ‐specific manner
Authors: Fresno David H. , Solé‐Corbatón Helena , Munné‐Bosch Sergi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may alleviate water stress in plants. Although several protection mechanisms have already been described, little information is available on how these fungi influence the hormonal response to water stress at an organ‐specific level. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and hormonal responses to water stress in above and below‐ground tissues of the legume grass Trifolium repens colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare. Plants were subjected to progressive water stress and recovery. Different leaf and root physiological parameters, as well as phytohormone levels, were quantified. Water‐stressed mycorrhizal plants showed an improved water status and no photoinhibition compared to uncolonized individuals, while some stress markers like α‐tocopherol and malondialdehyde content, an indicator of the extent of lipid peroxidation, transiently increased in roots, but not in leaves. Water stress protection exerted by mycorrhiza appeared to be related to a differential root‐to‐shoot redox signaling, probably mediated by jasmonates, and mycorrhization enhanced the production of the cytokinin trans‐zeatin in both roots and leaves. Overall, our results suggest that mycorrhization affects physiological, redox and hormonal responses to water stress at an organ‐specific level, which may eventually modulate the final protection of the host from water stress.
An approach for accessibility assessment and vulnerability analysis of national multimodal transport systems
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ouyang Min , Sun Wenjing , Hong Liu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of ambitious accessibility‐oriented policies have been launched in the world, which center around improving accessibility via the national multimodal transport systems including road, airline, and railway. The national multimodal transport accessibility assessment is one of the “basic” analyses for the design and implementation of these policies, whereas existing national‐scale accessibility studies either focus on single‐mode or two‐mode transport or ignore the schedule‐dependent nature of railway and airline. This article models the integrated road, railway, airline, and walking transport as a four‐layer network with the consideration of their interdependencies. An algorithm is then developed to accurately assess the travel time‐based accessibility on the four‐layer network with the consideration of the daily schedule of trains and flights. The proposed approach is applied to map accessibility to 363 cities in mainland China and analyze the optimal travel modes. In addition, this article investigates the travel time‐based vulnerability of the national multimodal transport system in mainland China under the extreme storm recently occurred in Zhengzhou (July 2021). The findings in this work provide insightful suggestions for transport planners to design the national multimodal transport systems and for stakeholders to schedule travels.
The Structure of Dagbani Sentential Negation*
Authors: Issah Samuel Alhassan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to provide an account of the syntactic expression of sentential negation in Dagbani, a Mabia, Niger‐Congo language of West Africa. I show that Dagbani employs two strategies for the marking of sentential negation: negative markers/particles and negative verbs. The overtly expressed negative markers arekù/bìanddì,used for negating declaratives and imperatives, respectively. Besides, the inherently negative verbkáis used to negate possessive‐locative‐existential constructions. The paper further demonstrates that there is an incompatibility between the negative marker and the imperative morpheme in Dagbani and attempts to account for this empirical fact. In line with recent probe‐based Minimalist account of negation, I assume that the negative markers (heads) carry a [iNeg] feature, which is interpretable, and its interpretation triggers a negative polarity of the clause. I further offer a formal account for the incompatibility between the imperative negation markerdìand the imperative morpheme.
Mdm‐miR858 targets MdMYB9 and MdMYBPA1 to participate anthocyanin biosynthesis in red‐fleshed apple
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Liu Wenjun , Chen Qiaojing , Zhang Shuhui , Mei Zhuoxin , Yu Lei , Wang Chen , Mao Zhiquan , Chen Zijing , Chen Xuesen , Wang Nan 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYAnthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants. They are important for human health because of their antioxidant activities and because their dietary intake reduces the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins and its regulation in fruits and vegetables is a global research hotspot. Compared with cultivated apples, the red‐fleshed apple is a relatively new and popular commodity in the market. Previous studies on red‐fleshed apples have focused on the basis for the high anthocyanin content and the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin synthesis. In the present study, we focused on the mechanism of microRNA‐mediated post‐transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in red‐fleshed apples. We identified a microRNA (miRNA), designated mdm‐miR858, that is specifically expressed in the flesh of apple fruit. The expression level of miR858 was significantly lower in red‐fleshed apples than in white‐fleshed apples. The overexpression of mdm‐miR858 significantly inhibited anthocyanin accumulation, whereas the silencing of mdm‐miR858 promoted anthocyanin synthesis in STTM858 transgenic apple calli. Further analyses showed that mdm‐miR858 targets the transcription factor genes MdMYB9 and MdMYBPA1 to participate anthocyanin accumulation in apple. Our results also show that MdHY5, a transcription factor in the light signaling pathway, can bind to the promoter of mdm‐miR858 to inhibit its transcription, thereby regulating anthocyanin synthesis. Based on our results, we describe a novel HY5‐miR858‐MYB loop involved in the modulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. These findings provide new information about how plant miRNAs regulate anthocyanin anabolism and provide a basis for breeding new anthocyanin‐rich, red‐fleshed apple varieties.
Removal of leachate pollutants using flocculation method at simultaneous factors of optimum pH and Tacca leontopetaloides biopolymer flocculant (TBPF) dosage via face‐centred central composite design
Authors: Mohd Makhtar Nurul Shuhada , Idris Juferi , Musa Mohibah , Andou Yoshito , Ku Hamid Ku Halim , Puasa Siti Wahidah , Husen Rafidah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effect of the interaction factor between pH and dosage is important in leachate wastewater treatment. This study aims to remove leachate pollutants such as turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour using simultaneous factors of plant‐based Tacca leontopetaloides biopolymer flocculant (TBPF) dosage and leachate pH. The flocculation process was carried out through jar test by applying the perikinetic theory and statical analysis (face‐centred central composite design). The results found that the optimum leachate pH and TBPF dosage were pH 3 and 150 mg/L, respectively. The highest removal of leachate pollutants reached up to 69% with a second‐order perikinetic model; R2 = 0.9545 and k = 9 × 10−6 L/mg/min were obtained. Simultaneous interaction factors between leachate pH and TBPF dosage on turbidity and TSS removal were found significant and hence can be applied in the actual leachate wastewater treatment industry, particularly at the primary stage using the proposed model.
A Comprehensive Analytical Model for Vortex Shedding From Low-Speed Axial Fan Blades
Authors: Daku Gábor , Vad János 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The paper presents a comprehensive analytical model for the characterization of von Karman vortex shedding in the wake of models of low-speed axial fan blades. The elaborated minimal model is based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and continuity equations. For validation purposes, hot-wire measurements have been carried out in a wind tunnel on representative blade profiles. The measurement data obtained for various streamwise positions downstream of the blade trailing edge, i.e., transversal profiles of mean velocity as well as root-mean-square of fluctuating velocity, are evaluated. As the experimental validation demonstrates, the minimal model fairly localizes the transversal position of the vortex centers and represents the motion of the vortices along the wake. The validated minimal model serves the following benefits: (a) an extensive understanding of the underlying physics related to the flow field featuring vortex shedding in the near-wake region (easy-to-use quantitative correlation among the characteristics of wake flow affected by the shed vortices); (b) extension of the literature-based methodology for determination of the transversal distance between the shed vortex rows, being used as a scaling parameter for the Strouhal number utilized in calculation of vortex shedding frequency; and (c) modeling the behavior of rows of shed vortices farther away from the trailing edge. Such behavior may influence the acoustic signature of VS, and, as such, it is to be considered in fan noise modeling.
Impact of Build Direction, Infill Pattern and Raster Angle on Mechanical Properties and Damage Tolerance of 3D Printed PLA
Authors: Yadav Deepesh , Gupta Prerna , Jaya Balila Nagamani 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Structures made by additive manufacturing processes are highly anisotropic and carry defects. Complete elimination of these defects is not possible, and these defects degrade the mechanical properties (such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fracture strain). In the present study, mechanical properties are quantified as a function of building parameters, in particular, filling patterns, raster angle and orientation of build direction with respect to that of loading, in polylactic acid (PLA). The tensile strength of 3D printed PLA is the same for hexagonal and linear pattern filling when build direction is along thickness and width, while better toughness is offered by hexagonal pattern filling. Build direction along specimen gauge length gives very low tensile strength and toughness. Damage tolerance was quantified in terms of work of fracture and hexagonal filling provided better damage tolerance than line filling patterns for conditions of 0° and 45° with respect to crack whereas line filling tolerated damage better than hexagonal filling for the 90° orientation.
Influence of the Cultivation Conditions of the Glioblastoma Neurosphere on the Expression of MALAT1 and LINCROR Long Non-coding RNA Genes
Authors: Mazur D. V. , Mishanova A. V. , Kovalenko T. F. , Shakhparonov M. I. , Antipova N. V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor. One of the reasons for the resistance of GBM to treatment is the extreme heterogeneity of the tumor and, in particular, the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the population of glioblastoma cells. In this work, we investigated the effect of conditions that reduce the proportion of CSCs in the GBM cell population on the levels of long noncoding RNAs (lincROR and MALAT1) involved in the formation of the phenotype of glioblastoma cancer stem cells. We have shown that culturing under conditions that cause a decrease in cell stemness (when fetal bovine serum is added to the culture medium) affected the content of these transcripts: in the cells of most of the analyzed lines, a decrease in the level of the positive stemness regulator lincROR and an increase in the content of MALAT1 were noted.
Prevalence and predictive factors of tuberculosis treatment interruption in the Asia region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oh Ai Ling , Makmor-Bakry Mohd , Islahudin Farida , Wong Ian CK 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) treatment interruption remains a critical challenge leading to poor treatment outcomes. Two-thirds of global new TB cases are mostly contributed by Asian countries, prompting systematic analysis of predictors for treatment interruption due to the variable findings.MethodsArticles published from 2012 to 2021 were searched through seven databases. Studies that established the relationship for risk factors of TB treatment interruption among adult Asian were included. Relevant articles were screened, extracted and appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklists for cohort, case–control and cross-sectional study designs by three reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model in Review Manager software. The pooled prevalence and predictors of treatment interruption were expressed in ORs with 95% CIs; heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic. The publication bias was visually inspected using the funnel plot.ResultsFifty eligible studies (658 304 participants) from 17 Asian countries were included. The overall pooled prevalence of treatment interruption was 17% (95% CI 16% to 18%), the highest in Southern Asia (22% (95% CI 16% to 29%)), followed by Eastern Asia (18% (95% CI 16% to 20%)) and South East Asia (16% (95% CI 4% to 28%)). Seven predictors were identified to increase the risk of treatment interruption, namely, male gender (OR 1.38 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.51)), employment (OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.84)), alcohol intake (OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.58 to 3.18)), smoking (OR 2.74 (95% CI 1.98 to 3.78)), HIV-positive (OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.96)), adverse drug reactions (OR 2.01 (95% CI 1.20 to 3.34)) and previously treated cases (OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.39 to 2.26)). All predictors demonstrated substantial heterogeneity except employment and HIV status with no publication bias.ConclusionThe identification of predictors for TB treatment interruption enables strategised planning and collective intervention to be targeted at the high-risk groups to strengthen TB care and control in the Asia region.
Care, burden and self-described positive aspects of caring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an exploratory, longitudinal, mixed-methods study
Authors: Conroy Éilís , Kennedy Polly , Heverin Mark , Hardiman Orla , Galvin Miriam 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo explore factors associated with care burden and the self-described positive aspects of caring for a person living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) over time.DesignExploratory longitudinal mixed-methods study.SettingA national multidisciplinary tertiary clinic in Dublin, Ireland.ParticipantsParticipants were informal caregivers of people living with ALS (plwALS) attending the national ALS/motor neuron disease Clinic Dublin. This study focuses on informal caregivers who completed five consecutive interviews (n= 17) as part of a larger multisite study, over the course of 2.5 years. Participants were over the age of 18. Formal paid caregivers were not included.Outcome measuresData were collected on demographic and well-being measures and an open-ended question asked about positive aspects of caregiving. Relevant statistical analysis was carried out on quantitative data and qualitative data were analysed thematically.ResultsThe caregivers in this study were predominantly female and spouse/partners of the plwALS. Hours of care provided and self-assessed burden increased substantially over time, psychological distress reached clinical significance and quality of life remained relatively stable. Positive aspects identified were thematised as meaning in life and personal satisfaction and varied in relative frequency across phases of the caregiving trajectory.ConclusionsThe co-occurrence of negative and positive factors influences the experiences of informal caregivers in ALS. It is important to explore and acknowledge positive aspects, how they develop and are sustained in order to inform supportive services. The cyclical adaptation identified in this study provides evidence for time sensitive targeted supports.