bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What future for organic farming? Foresight for a smallholder Mediterranean agricultural system
Authors: Moreno-Pérez Olga M. , Blázquez-Soriano Amparo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to foresee the future of organic farming in the smallholder agricultural systems of the Valencian Region (Spain), as well as to identify how different drivers of change may affect such a future. To do so, two qualitative methodologies were combined: The Delphi method and the participatory scenario development. The results estimate an upward trend for organic farming area and sales, which would contribute to a greener and more sustainable economy in the region, a slight drop in organic versus conventional food prices, the entrance of large operators and a “dualisation” of the models of production and consumption of organic food. The key role that the public sector plays for the future of organic farming is underlined by the stakeholders, who suggest that the civil society may counterbalance the lack of public support by way of collective action and an increasing awareness about health and sustainability. This study concludes by highlighting the main findings obtained, both regarding the expected evolution of organic agriculture in the region and the key factors that would influence such evolution, emphasising the applicability of the results to other similar smallholder Mediterranean farming systems.
Association between serum albumin levels and height loss in Japanese workers: a retrospective study
Authors: Shimizu Yuji , Hayakawa Hidenobu , Honda Eiko , Sasaki Nagisa , Takada Midori , Okada Takeo , Ohira Tetsuya , Kiyama Masahiko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Height loss starting in middle age was previously shown to be associated with high cardiovascular mortality in later life. However, the factors associated with height loss remain unknown. Since low serum albumin levels are reported to be associated with high mortality caused by cardiovascular disease, they may also contribute to height loss.

Methods
To clarify the association between serum albumin and height loss, we conducted a retrospective study of 7637 Japanese workers who participated in general health check-ups from 2008 to 2019. Height loss was defined as the highest quartile of height loss per year.

Results
Individual with high serum concentration of albumin possess beneficial influence on preventing incidence of height loss. In both men and women, serum albumin level was significantly inversely associated with height loss. After adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors, the adjusted odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for height loss per 1 standard deviation of albumin (0.2 g/dL for both men and women) were 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) in men and 0.86 (0.79, 0.95) in women. Even when the analysis was limited to participants without hypoalbuminemia, essentially same association was observed, with fully adjusted corresponding ORs (95%CI) of 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) in men and 0.86 (0.78, 0.94) in women.

Conclusion
Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, higher serum albumin levels may prevent height loss among Japanese workers. While several different diseases cause hypoalbuminemia, they may not be the main reasons for the association between serum albumin and height loss. Though further research is necessary, this finding may help clarify the mechanisms underlying the association between height loss and higher mortality in later life.
Cuproptosis-related gene subtypes predict prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chi , Zhou Yu 
Published: September 2023

Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. A novel form of copper-dependent and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death, cuproptosis, has been described in many cancers. The roles and potential mechanisms of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) are still unclear in HNSCC. Method We downloaded TCGA datasets of HNSCC genomic mutations and clinic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Based on the Cuproptosis-related differentially expressed genes in HNSCC, we constructed a prognostic signature. Results Eight CRGs have been identified as associated with the prognosis of HNSCC. According to Kaplan–Meier analyses, HNSCC with a high Risk Score had a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the AUC of the Risk Score for the 1-, 3-, and 5- year overall survival was respectively, 0.70, 0.71, and 0.68. TCGA data revealed that T cell functions, such as HLA, cytolytic activity, inflammation regulation, co-inhibition, and co-stimulation, differed significantly between members of the low and high groups. The immune checkpoint genes PD-L1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 were also expressed differently in the two risk groups. Conclusions A CRG signature was defined that is associated with the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Graphical Abstract
Artificial coloration of ancient agate beads: a mineralogical study
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Xue Haozhong , Wu Xinhua , Qin Dahai , Chen Daiming , Yuan Jiangyan , Tang Zihua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The process of staining was frequently employed to enhance or alter the color of agate beads in ancient times. One of the key challenges in studying ancient beads is comprehending the intricate techniques employed to color agate stones. An understanding of the staining mechanism from a mineralogical standpoint offers insights into the level of technological advancement in different civilizations. In this study, the mineral structure of eight ancient agate beads from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, NW China, was analyzed using Micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques. The color, transparency, mineral phase, and surface roughness of the beads were examined, revealing variations ranging from colorless to light violet to dark violet. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to determine the SiO2 phase and the changes in optical characteristics of agate beads after artificial staining. The black color of the beads was formed by carbon penetration, while the red color was produced by heating. The coexistence of α-quartz and moganite phases in the red, the dark red, the black, the idiochromatic white and the part translucent zones of the ancient beads was confirmed by the 464 cm−1 peak of α-quartz and the 502 cm−1 peak of moganite phase. The analyzed red, the dark red, the black, the idiochromatic white and the part translucent zones exhibited remarkably similar FTIR spectral features, with two prominent bands at ~ 1097 and ~ 1187 cm−1, as well as two weak bands at 798 and 778 cm−1, indicating the presence of moganite and α-quartz in the unetched ancient beads. In contrast to the idiochromatic white appearance of natural agate, the scattered white coloration in etched beads was generated by an etching reaction. Both Raman and FTIR spectroscopy indicated the absence of moganite in etched beads, indicating that the scattered white color was produced by the loss of moganite and a portion of α-quartz, resulting in a rough surface.
Guided self-help for anxiety among Huntington’s disease gene expansion carriers (GUIDE-HD) compared to treatment as usual: a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Dale Maria , Eccles Fiona J. R. , Melvin Katie , Khan Zaynah , Jones Lee , Zarotti Nicolò , Kiani Reza , Johnson Jenny , Wells Robert , Simpson Jane 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an adult-onset genetic neurodegenerative condition associated with cognitive decline, motor impairments, and emotional difficulties. Anxiety affects up to 71% of HD gene expansion carriers (i.e., those with the version of the gene that causes HD) and can negatively impact quality of life, worsen other HD symptoms, and increase suicide risk. Therefore, helping people with their anxiety should be a clinical priority. A significant evidence base now exists for low-cost talking therapies for anxiety, such as guided self-help, and with people with other neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., Parkinson’s disease). However, this type of intervention has not been specifically assessed with HD gene expansion carriers.

Methods
This protocol describes an exploratory randomised controlled feasibility study of a psychological intervention for anxiety for HD gene expansion carriers. The 10 session guided self-help intervention ('GUIDE-HD') is based on a blend of second and third wave cognitive behavioural models of anxiety (cognitive behaviour therapy [CBT] and acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT]) and is adapted to meet the specific needs of an HD population. This study will compare guided self-help with treatment as usual (TAU), with 15 HD gene expansion carriers randomly allocated to each group. Participants will be recruited across the UK. Quantitative data will be collected pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, 3-month post-intervention and 6-month post-intervention. Qualitative data will be collected at one month post-intervention from participants, including HD carers. The data will be analysed to assess whether the current intervention and study design are feasible to progress to a larger randomised controlled trial. Feasibility has been defined in terms of recruitment rate, retention rate to both trial arms, intervention adherence, and acceptability of the intervention and measurement tools.

Discussion
Given the lack of evidenced interventions to date to support the wellbeing of people with the expanded Huntington’s gene, this study will assess the feasibility of progressing this particular intervention to a full trial. To try and increase the acceptability of the intervention, a number of stakeholders, including those affected by HD and in caring roles, have been fundamental to the creation of the intervention (e.g., therapy manual, planned therapy process) to date.

Trial registration
Trial ID: ISRCTN47330596.
Date registered: 28/09/2022.
Protocol version and date: Version 2, 09/06/22.
Trial sponsor organisation and contact: Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust (Dave Clarke).
Role of sponsor: Overall responsibility for the conduct and governance of the trial.
Role of funder: Review of initial research proposal.
Cultural persistence or change? Gender differences in educational expectations of first and second-generation immigrants in Italy
Authors: Autiero Giuseppina , Nese Annamaria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes whether cultural heritage determines gender differences in educational expectations to go to university of first- and second-generation immigrants in Italy. The analysis relies on the “Integration of Second-Generation Survey” (INTEG2GEN) carried out by the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in 2015. INTEG2GEN is a national representative survey of students living in Italy and attending lower and upper secondary school. Our findings suggest that parents’ cultural background plays a non-negligible role for their daughters’ and sons’ expectations. Nevertheless, there is a gender difference in the way they react to it. Males are more sensitive to cultural orientations towards education. Females are more responsive to gender inequality issues and tend to conform to gender roles deemed appropriate according to their cultural tradition. Nevertheless, females seem more open to changes and opportunities they face in the new country.
Does the systemic rise in serum lactate levels correlate to free flap failure in head and neck reconstructive surgeries—series of cases
Authors: Nikhar Sapna Annaji , Metta Rajasekhar , Nimmagadda Raja , Gopinath R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Head and neck reconstructive surgeries needs free tissue transfer but it fails sometimes. As most of the flap failure occurs in first 24 h. Local rise in lactate level or glucose lactate ratio provides clear indicator of tissue ischemia and further recovery. The question is about systemic rise in lactate levels with failing flap. Hence, we aimed to use systemic lactate levels to indicate free flap failure. To correlate the systemic rise in serum lactate levels to free flap failure in head and neck reconstructive surgeries. The series of cases were targeted undergoing free fibular graft, posted electively for head and reconstructive surgery operated by same surgeon. Record of blood loss, need of blood transfusion and use of microspan was also done. Monitoring of arterial blood gas values mainly lactate and vitals were done.

Results
Out of 15 patients studied, only 2(13.3%) patients had flap re-exploration (group F). Twelve (80%) patients were of ASA class I. Lactate, pH, blood sugars, base deficits and hemoglobin and vitals studied over 24 h in two groups had no statistically significant difference in the two groups. Lactate rise was noted in all cases for first few hours after starting surgery but elevated values were not observed during hours of flap re-exploration.

Conclusions
We could not establish relation between systemic rise in lactate levels and flap re-exploration or flap failure but continuous acidosis can impact outcome. We need to be vigilant and need to have individualized approach for management.
Ensemble Machine Learning Approaches Based on Molecular Descriptors and Graph Convolutional Networks for Predicting the Efflux Activities of MDR1 and BCRP Transporters
Authors: Adachi Asahi , Yamashita Tomoki , Kanaya Shigehiko , Kosugi Yohei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) play important roles in drug absorption and distribution. Computational prediction of substrates for both transporters can help reduce time in drug discovery. This study aimed to predict the efflux activity of MDR1 and BCRP using multiple machine learning approaches with molecular descriptors and graph convolutional networks (GCNs). In vitro efflux activity was determined using MDR1- and BCRP-expressing cells. Predictive performance was assessed using an in-house dataset with a chronological split and an external dataset. CatBoost and support vector regression showed the best predictive performance for MDR1 and BCRP efflux activities, respectively, of the 25 descriptor-based machine learning methods based on the coefficient of determination (R2). The single-task GCN showed a slightly lower performance than descriptor-based prediction in the in-house dataset. In both approaches, the percentage of compounds predicted within twofold of the observed values in the external dataset was lower than that in the in-house dataset. Multi-task GCN did not show any improvements, whereas multimodal GCN increased the predictive performance of BCRP efflux activity compared with single-task GCN. Furthermore, the ensemble approach of descriptor-based machine learning and GCN achieved the highest predictive performance with R2 values of 0.706 and 0.587 in MDR1 and BCRP, respectively, in time-split test sets. This result suggests that two different approaches to represent molecular structures complement each other in terms of molecular characteristics. Our study demonstrated that predictive models using advanced machine learning approaches are beneficial for identifying potential substrate liability of both MDR1 and BCRP.
Graphical Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 at a glance
Authors: Zhu Christiane , Herbst Susanne , Lewis Patrick A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multidomain scaffolding protein with dual guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) and kinase enzymatic activities, providing this protein with the capacity to regulate a multitude of signalling pathways and act as a key mediator of diverse cellular processes. Much of the interest in LRRK2 derives from mutations in the LRRK2 gene being the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease, and from the association of the LRRK2 locus with a number of other human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, the LRRK2 research field has focused on the link between LRRK2 and pathology, with the aim of uncovering the underlying mechanisms and, ultimately, finding novel therapies and treatments to combat them. From the biochemical and cellular functions of LRRK2, to its relevance to distinct disease mechanisms, this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster deliver a snapshot of our current understanding of LRRK2 function, dysfunction and links to disease.
ProGlide entrapment of the occlusive balloon during repair of an iatrogenic subclavian artery injury
Authors: Kemp Benjamin JR , Kearns Daniel J , Uberoi Raman 
Published: September 2023

The insertion of any central venous catheter (CVC) is associated with a risk of damage to neurovascular structures, pneumothorax, cardiac arrhythmias, and infection 1 . Unintentional arterial puncture remains rare, occurring in 6.3–9.4% of attempted internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterisation and 3.1-4.9% of attempted subclavian vein catheterisation 2 . We present a previously undocumented complication encountered while utilising the Perclose ProGlide device in the case of a 59-year-old male who underwent right subclavian artery closure following the accidental insertion of a 14Fr Vascath into the right subclavian artery. This was performed using two ProGlide devices and one Angio-Seal device. Following deployment of the ProGlide devices, an uninflated balloon passed into the subclavian artery as a precaution, but not used, was removed. One of the ProGlide devices became dislodged having been deployed into the balloon, threatening haemostasis.
Gaziantep Kent Merkezinde Hamam Kültürü
Authors: ÖZDAL Ayşenur 
Published: September 2023

Hamamlar, Türk kültüründe önemli bir yere sahip olan geleneksel temizlenme mekânlarıdır. Geniş bir yapı içerisinde tasarlanan hamamlar temizlik kültürü etrafında toplumsal iletişimin gerçekleştiği kültürel değerlerin yaşatıldığı sosyal mekânlar olmuşlardır. Anadolu’daki hamam geleneği Roma hamam kültürünün bir devamı olmuş, bu gelenek zamanla yeni değerler kazanarak özgün bir form kazanmıştır.
Bu çalışmada somut ve somut olmayan kültürel mirasın korunması kapsamında Gaziantep kent merkezindeki hamam kültürünü kayıt altına alarak muhafaza etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla literatür araştırmasıyla birlikte kişisel görüşme ve gözlem yöntemleri kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerle Gaziantep hamam kültürünün son yüzyıldaki durumu ve değişimi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, hamam kültürünün tarihi ve Gaziantep hamamları hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra geçiş dönemleri bağlamında hamam çeşitleri ve Gaziantep’te hamam kültürü etrafında yaratılmış edebi ürünler hakkında bilgi sunulmuştur. Ardından kent kültüründeki hamam geleneğinin tanınmasına yardımcı olan Gaziantep hamam müzesi hakkında bilgi aktarılmış, günümüzde değişen banyo yapısı ve kültürü ile hamam geleneğinin değişim ve dönüşümü hakkında bir değerlendirme sunulmuştur. Bunun sonucunda, geçtiğimiz yüzyılda zengin kültürel içerikle törensel faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirildiği hamamların geleneksel fonksiyonunu yavaş yavaş kaybettiği; bireysel ev banyoları, lüks tüketim mekânı olan işletmeler ve otel bünyelerindeki yeni unsurlara sahip hamamların temizlik için daha sık tercih edildiği ve bu ortamlarda eski geleneklerin bir kısmının kaybolduğu bir kısmının ise güncellendiği ve dönüştüğü görülmüştür.
MÉTODOS DE MONITORAMENTO NO PROCESSO AERÓBICO DE COMPOSTAGEM - EEA/UEFS
Authors: Furiam Dias Sandra Maria , Souza Vaz Luciano Mendes 
Published: September 2023

A compostagem pode ser definida como um processo de decomposição de resíduos orgânicos, por populações de microrganismos aeróbicos. O processo acaba quando o composto orgânico é obtido. À compostagem necessita de cuidados durante o desenvolvimento de processo, sendo necessário monitorar a massa de fixo orgânico. À monitoragem consta de medição diária da temperatura, controle da aeração (reviramento manual), verificação do grau de umidade, análise de sólidos voláteis, análises de macro-nuirientes e metais pesados. O húmus resultante do processo é considerado excelente recondicionador de solos. O presente artigo aborda a importância do monitoramento da compostagem do lixo orgânico produzido no campus-UFFS, cujo objetivo é adaptar o processo à realidade local, a fim de obter um composto de boa qualidade.
Fabrication of functional metamaterials for applications in heat-shielding windows and 6G communications
Authors: Van Nguyen Minh , Okatani Taiyu , Kanamori Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2023

Windows with passive multilayer coatings can allow less energy to be
used when maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures. As a type of
effective solar energy management, these coatings can prevent the
generation of excessive heat inside buildings or vehicles by
reflecting near-infrared solar radiation (750–2000 nm) while retaining
visible light transmission (400–750 nm) over a large range of viewing
angles. To prevent overheating, they must also reflect rather than
absorb near-infrared radiation. A transparent heat-shielding window is
numerically and experimentally demonstrated in this study. High visual
transparency (77.2%), near-infrared reflectance (86.1%), and low
infrared absorption (<20%) over a wide range of oblique
incident angles were achieved using nanometer-scale cross-shaped
metamaterials manufactured by electron beam lithography. Furthermore,
high terahertz transmittance (up to 82%) was also achieved for 6G
communication system applications.
Direct ultrafast carrier imaging in a perovskite microlaser with optical coherence microscopy
Authors: Sirotin Maxim A. , Popkova Anna A. , Bessonov Vladimir O. , Soboleva Irina V. , Lyubin Evgeny V. , Pushkarev Anatoly P. , Makarov Sergey V. , Fedyanin Andrey A. 
Published: September 2023

Nanophotonics is an actively developing field of optics that finds
application in various areas, from biosensing to quantum computing.
The study of ultrafast modulation of the refractive index Δn is an important task in
nanophotonics, since it reveals the features of light–matter
interaction inside devices. With the development of active photonic
devices such as emitters and modulators, there is a growing need for Δn imaging techniques with both high
spatial and high temporal resolutions. Here, we report on an
all-optical ultrafast Δn imaging method based on
phase-sensitive optical coherence microscopy with a resolution of
1 ps in time and 0.5 µm in space and a sensitivity to Δn down to 10−3RIU. The advantages of the method are
demonstrated on emerging nanophotonic devices—perovskite microlasers,
in which the ultrafast spatiotemporal dynamics of the refractive index
during lasing is quantitatively visualized, illustrating the features
of relaxation and diffusion of carriers in perovskites. The developed
method allows us to estimate the ultrafast carrier diffusion and
relaxation constants simultaneously and to show that the CsPbBr3 perovskite carrier diffusion
coefficient is low compared to other semiconductors even during lasing
at high carrier densities, which leads to high localization of the
generated carrier cloud, and, consequently, to high fluorescence and
lasing efficiency. The resulting technique is a versatile method for
studying ultrafast carrier transport via Δn imaging, paving an avenue for the
applications of optical coherence tomography and microscopy in the
research of nanophotonic devices and materials.
Influences of the IEA Civic and Citizenship Education Studies: Practice, Policy, and Research across Countries and Regions, Barbara Malak-Minkiewicz and Judith Torney-Purta (eds) (2021)
Authors: Sears Alan 
Published: September 2023

Review of: Influences of the IEA Civic and Citizenship Education Studies: Practice, Policy, and Research across Countries and Regions, Barbara Malak-Minkiewicz and Judith Torney-Purta (eds) (2021)
Cham: IEA and Springer, 301 pp.
ISBN 978-3-03071-101-6, p/bk, USD 59.99