bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloud-seeding Effect on Water Stress of Maize in Zimbabwe
Authors: McNaughton D. L. , Allison J. C. S. 
Published: January 2023

Results of experimental cloud-seeding in Zimbabwe indicate that silver iodide treatment enhances rainfall if cloud-tops are colder than -IO°C. Still higher increases result if tops are colder than -13°C. By comparing distribution functions fitted to seeded and to non-seeded clouds, tentative relationships were built up between natural and seeded rainfalls. A cloud-seeding season in north-east Zimbabwe was stimulated by a model in which i 000 showers were distributed at random within a rectangular area, enabling total extra rainfall to be computed at every km grid-point. Less than half the area received any additional rainfall. A soil-water balance rountine was then used to relate the apparently increased rainfall to changes in maize yield. In approximately half of all rainy seasons in northern Zimbabwe natural rainfall appears to be adequate so that cloud-seeding is of negligible benefit to maize. In poor or modest rainy seasons most places probably receive less than i0 mm from a cloud-seeding operation, but this can eliminate one, occasionally two, post-flowering stress-days during maize growth. However, planting dates can hardly ever be brought forward as a result of artificial rain stimulation. Results suggest that cloud-seeding operations more than pay for themselves.
Evaluation of Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding using Trace Chemistry
Authors: Fisher James Mitchell , Lytle Marion L. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Blestrud Derek , Holbrook Vincent P. , Parkinson Shaun K. , Edwards P. Ross , Benner Shawn G. 
Published: January 2023

Glaciogenic cloud seeding with silver iodide (AgI) has been used to enhance precipitation for over 60 years. Assessments of AgI impact and dispersion are often quantified using atmospheric processes models with impact assessed by comparing models with and without inclusion of cloud seeding modules. However, there is inherent uncertainty in these aerosol models and physical validation of AgI distribution is of value to both validate and improve model performance. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the capacity to physically validate the dispersion of AgI by measuring silver enrichments in snow.Field and laboratory methods were developed to detect trace seeding signatures in snowpack. Unique laboratory layout and protocols were developed to reduce contamination potential within a traditional ICP-MS laboratory setting (not housed in a Class 100 Clean Room). Using these methods, we sampled a series of snow profiles within the target area of active cloud seeding in the central mountains of Idaho. Our results demonstrate the ability the ability to reproduce distinct evidence of elevated Ag at concentrations at a hillslope (0.25 km2) and at the basin (2,400 km2) scale. The construction of 8 snow pits at one site (hillslope scale) and 6 sites along a 65 km transect (basin scale) reliably identified both of the seeded storm layers sampled. The location of the peaks in Ag concentration within the snow profiles generally corresponds in timing to known cloud seeding events. Distinct seeded storm layers were reliably identified seeding signatures more than 60 km from the AgI sources, where silver concentrations were only enhanced 1-3 parts per trillion. Ag enriched snow in these chemical profiles generally correspond to downwind target locations and AgI seeding times.
Yanara, nuevo género de Oecophoridae (Lepidoptera) asociado a Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) del Sur de Chile
Authors: Beéche C. Marcos A. 
Published: January 2023

Basándose en caracteres de la morfología externa y de la genitalia del macho y de la hembra se describe a Yanara nov. gen. de Oecophoridae de Chile. Este género incluye una especie, Yanara kasungen nov. sp., asociada a hojas jóvenes de pehuén (Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch). Con este descubrimiento aumenta a 63 el número de especies nativas de esta familia en Chile.
Nuevos Géneros y Especies de Oecophoridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) de la Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, Chile
Authors: Urra Francisco 
Published: January 2023

Se describen cuatro nuevos géneros monoespecíficos de Oecophoridae, Bullockiella, Dillmania, Enco­lia y Garateia; una nueva especie de Aliciana, A. carvachoi y una nueva especie de Teresita, T. fusca, todas provenientes de la cordillera de Nahuelbuta, Región de la Araucanía, Chile. Para los nuevos géneros y especies se entregan caracteres diagnósticos, fotografías de los adultos e ilustraciones de la venación alar y de las estructuras genitales.
Nuevo género y nuevas especies de Promecheilidae (Coleoptera) de Chile
Authors: Solervicens Jaime , Elgueta Mario 
Published: January 2023

Se describe para Chile a Calbuco n. gen., Calbuco obscurus n. sp. y Promecheilus similis n. sp.; las nue­vas entidades son propias de ambientes húmedos del sur de Chile, encontrándose en zonas de bosque templado lluvioso. Se caracterizan los nuevos taxa y se entregan figuras de las nuevas especies. Con estas adiciones la representación chilena de Promecheilidae se eleva a cinco géneros y trece especies.
Pengaruh Penambahan Polimer Terhadap Kinerja Campuran Aspal Buton Campuran Panas Hampar Dingin (CPHMA)
Authors: Firdiansyah Agus 
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat fisik As buton campuran panas hampar dingin (CPHMA) berbahan tambah polimer serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh As buton campuran panas hampar dingin berbahan tambah polimer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cara Trial And Error. Benda uji dipadatkan dengan pemadatan yaitu 2x75 tumbukan. Variasi kadar aspal rencana yaitu: 4%, 5%, dan 6% sedangkan variasi kadar filler polimer (LLDPE) yaitu : 1%, 2% dan 3%. masing-masing varian dibuat 3 sampel benda uji, sehingga total benda uji sebanyak 27 buah. Kemudian pengujian Marshall Test. Dari hasil pengujian aspal Laston (AC-WC) menggunakan aspal RMA Berbahan Tambah Polimer diperoleh nilai Density 2,20%, 2,26%, 2,29%,2,35%, 2,32%Nilai VIM yaitu 4,20%, 3,96%,3,72%, 3,24%, 3,48%. Nilai VMA yaitu 18,35%, 18,52%, 18,69%, 18,80%, 18,92%,. Nilai VFB yaitu 86,66%, 85,34%, 85,67%, 83,81%, 83,29%. Nilai stability yaitu 836,92 kg, 1096,83 kg, 1350,26 kg, 1655,99 kg, 1427,76 kg. Nilai Flow yaitu 4,67 mm3,93 mm, 3,50 mm, 3,00 mm, 3,33 mm. Nilai MQ yaitu 180,13 kg/mm, 276,35 kg/mm, 388,85 kg/mm, 552,00 kg/mm, 438,19 kg/mm.
Analisis Yuridis Praktik Diskriminasi dalam Penjualan Kargo Angkutan Udara (Studi Kasus Putusan KPPU Nomor 7/KPPU-I/2020)
Authors: Pangestu Tariq Hidayat 
Published: January 2023

Salah satu bentuk kegiatan yang dilarang dalam hukum persaingan usaha adalah praktik diskriminasi yang merupakan bentuk penguasaan pasar. Salah satu kasus praktik diskriminasi yang pernah diputus KPPU adalah terkait pelayanan angkutan kargo udara yang melibatkan Lion Air Group yang tercantum dalam Putusan KPPU Nomor 07/KPPU-I/2020. Berdasarkan pembuktian Pasal 19 huruf d UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 serta dampak yang ditimbulkan dari praktik diskriminasi tersebut, KPPU memberikan sanksi kepada terlapor untuk menghentikan praktik diskriminasi dan denda namun tidak perlu dilaksanakan. Dalam perkara a quo pula salah satu terlapor yaitu PT Wings Abadi tidak dikenakan sanksi karena tidak berada pada pasar bersangkutan yang sama. Dengan menggunakan penelitian yuridis doktrinal/normatif, Penulis menyimpulan bahwa pemenuhan unsur pasal 19 huruf d UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 telah sesuai dengan kaidah hukum yang berlaku begitupula dalam membuktikan dampak yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan Peraturan KPPU Nomor 3 Tahun 2011 dan konstruksi rule of reason. Selain itu, penangguhan sanksi telah sesuai dan memperoleh legitimasi untuk dijatuhkan namun terdapat beberapa bagian yang belum tercantum sebagai justifikasi pendukung penjatuhan alasan meringankan tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Diskriminasi, Pasar Bersangkutan, Putusan, Lion Air Group; Rules of Reason

AbstractOne form of activity that is prohibited in business competition law is the practice of discrimination which is a form of market domination. One of the cases of discriminatory practices is related to air cargo transportation services involving Lion Air Group in KPPU Decision Number 07/KPPU-I/2020. Based on the evidence of the elements of Article 19d of Antitrust Law and the impact caused by this discriminatory practice, KPPU imposes sanctions on the reported parties to stop discriminatory practices and fines but do not need to be implemented. By using doctrinal/normative juridical research, it can be concluded that the fulfillment of the elements of article 19d of Antitrust Law is included in the determination of the relevant market and the resulting impact is in accordance with the rules stipulated in KPPU Regulation Number 3 of 2011 and the construction of the rule of reason. In addition, the suspension of sanctions has been in accordance with and obtain legitimacy to be handed down with several considerations that should be included but are not contained in this decision.
Keywords: Discrimination; Relevant Market; Decision; Lion Air Group; Rules of Reason
Tinjauan Green Economy dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha di Indonesia
Authors: Hamidi Muhammad Pravest , Muhammad Anas Fadli  , Yonathan Wiryajaya Wilion  
Published: January 2023

Green Economy merupakan sarana yang dapat mengurangi dampak buruk perubahan iklim. Tetapi, pelaksanaan Green Economy terkadang menemui hambatan pada larangan praktik persaingan usaha tidak sehat dan monopoli. Padahal, aspek hukum persaingan usaha dapat mempromosikan dan mengakselerasi pelaksanaan Green Economy. Penulis menganalisis konsep Green Economy, Rule of Reason, dan berbagai kasus seperti “Washing Machine” dan “Chicken for Tomorrow” untuk menunjang penelitian ini. Hasil yang penulis dapatkan adalah: (1) aspek lingkungan hidup belum secara tegas diakui dalam hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia tetapi dapat diinterpretasikan masuk dalam frasa “kepentingan umum,” (2) masuknya penjelasan mengenai aspek lingkungan hidup dapat menciptakan kepastian hukum serta kebermanfaatan hukum bagi pelaku usaha dan masyarakat, (3) dalam menerapkan kelonggaran demi lingkungan hidup, sepanjang memberikan kontribusi “signifikan” pada lingkungan, kelonggaran sebaiknya tetap diberikan walaupun merugikan konsumen secara cost-benefit analysis. Dengan demikian, Indonesia perlu mengakui dengan tegas aspek lingkungan hidup dalam hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia untuk mengakselerasi pelaksanaan Green Economy.
Kata Kunci: Green Economy; Kepentingan Umum; Perjanjian Berkelanjutan.

Abstract
Green Economy can reduce the adverse effects of climate change. However, its implementation sometimes encounters obstacles due to uncertainty in competition law. In fact, competition law can promote and accelerate Green Economy. The author analyzes the Green Economy concept, Rule of Reasons, and various cases such as the “Washing Machine” and “Chicken for Tomorrow” to support this research. The results are: (1) environmental aspects have not been explicitly recognized in Indonesian competition law but can be interpreted as being included in the phrase of “public interest,” (2) the inclusion of explanations regarding environmental aspects can create legal certainty and legal benefits for business actors and the community, and (3) there is a “significant” contribution to the environment, concessions should still be given even though it is detrimental to consumers based on a cost-benefit analysis. Thus, Indonesia should firmly recognize environmental aspects in its competition law to accelerate Green Economy.
Keywords: Agreement; Sustainable; Competition; Green.
Pengawasan Kemitraan UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 oleh KPPU
Authors: Namira Sheila 
Published: January 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 sudah terjadi selama 2 (dua) tahun. Dampak yang diberikan pandemi ini sangat berpengaruh pada sektor perekonomian. Banyak perusahaan besar maupun kecil yang mengalami kebankrutan. Usaha kecil seperti UMKM dapat membuat perjanjian kemitraan dengan usaha besar, guna menyelematkan perekonomiannya. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran yang dapat dijadikan sebagai evaluasi bagi pelaksanaan pengawasan hubungan kemitraan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pelaksanaan pengawasan hubungan kemitraan yang dilakukan oleh KPPU di masa pandemi Covid-19.. Didapatkan dalam penelitian ini bahwa pengawasan hubungan kemitraan yang dilakukan di masa Pandemi Covid-19 sudah sangat baik. Hal ini terlihat dari kasus Putusan Perkara No. 16/KPPU-K/2019. Pengawasan dan penanganan kasus sudah sesuai dengan PP No. 17 Tahun 2013 tentang pelaksanaan UU No. 20 Tahun 2008 tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah.
Kata kunci: Hubungan Kemitraan; UMKM; Pandemi.

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for 2 (two) years. The impact of this pandemic has greatly affected the economic sector. Many companies, large and small, have gone bankrupt. Small businesses such as MSMEs can make partnership agreements with large businesses, in order to save their economy. By using a method called normative juridical, This research has a goal to provide an overview that can be used as an evaluation for the implementation of partnership relationship supervision. This research will focus on the implementation of supervision of partnership relations carried out by KPPU during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that the supervision of partnership relations carried out during the COVID-19 Pandemic was very well. This can be seen from the case of Decision No. 16/KPPU-K/2019. Supervision and handling of cases is in accordance with Government Regulations No. 17 of 2013.
Keywords: Partnership Relation; Small and Medium Enterprise; Pandemic.
Peran Notaris dalam Mencegah Keterlambatan Notifikasi Perseroan kepada Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha
Authors: Anisah Siti , Zaky Ridho Subakti Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

Notaris memiliki peran yang sangat signifikan dalam proses akuisisi perusahaan, termasuk mencegah keterlambatan pemberitahuan akuisisi kepada Komisi Persaingan Usaha Indonesia (KPPU). Hal ini terkait dengan substansi Pasal 128 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan Pasal 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yang didukung oleh bahan hukum primer sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberitahuan akuisisi perusahaan adalah untuk mencegah praktik monopoli dan/atau persaingan tidak sehat. Pemberitahuan tersebut dapat dilakukan mulai dari rencana akuisisi dengan melakukan “konsultasi” secara sukarela sampai dengan waktu pemberitahuan wajib, yaitu 30 (tiga puluh) hari setelah akuisisi menjadi efektif secara hukum. Notaris sebagai pejabat publik berwenang untuk membuat akta otentik terkait dengan akuisisi tersebut, sehingga sebelum mengesahkan akta tersebut, Notaris dapat menyarankan kepada perusahaan untuk melakukan “konsultasi” terlebih dahulu dengan KPPU.
Kata Kunci : Akuisisi; Notifikasi; Notaris.

Abstract
Notaries play a very significant role in the company acquisition process, including preventing delays in notification of acquisitions to the Indonesian Competition Commission (KPPU). This issue is related to the substance of Article 128 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and Article 1 of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Notary Positions. This research is a normative research supported by primary secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results show that notification of company acquisition is to prevent monopolistic practices and/or unfair competition. To prevent this impact, prior to the acquisition or at the planning stage for the acquisition, a voluntary “consultation” may be conducted, up to the mandatory notification period, which is 30 (thirty) days after the acquisition becomes legally effective. Therefore, the Notary as a public official has the authority to make an authentic deed related to the acquisition, so that before ratifying the deed, the Notary can suggest to the company to conduct “consultation” first with KPPU.
Keywords : Acquisition; Notification; Notary.
KUALITAS ROHANI JEMAAT FILADELFIA DALAM WAHYU 3:7-13 SEBAGAI PANUTAN BAGI ORANG KRISTEN MASA KINI
Authors: Tataming Andrias 
Published: January 2023

This article is to conduct a study on the Spiritual Qualities of the Philadelphia’s church in Revelation 3:7-13 as a Role Model for Christians nowadays. As a believer in Christ must understand correctly how to live, have the spiritual quality of growing, which is good and strong. Spiritual growth begins with a correct understanding of the Word, and it is the Word that will move every believer to continue doing what is right before God. Therefore a person's faith is based on his spiritual quality. The church in Philadelphia is a congregation that has a strong and basic spirituality. The belief and spiritual quality of the Philadelphian congregation in Christ is expressed through the way of the church's life, which obeys the word, does not deny God's name, waits diligently on God, and faithfully preaches the gospel. This way of life is a role model in the Christian life.
Artikel ini adalah untuk melakukan suatu penelitian mengenai Kualitas Rohani Jemaat Filadelfia Dalam Wahyu 3:7-13 Sebagai Panutan Bagi Orang Kristen Masa Kini. Sebagai orang yang percaya kepada Kristus harus Mengerti dengan benar bagaimana seharusnya hidup, memiliki Kualitas rohani bertumbuh, yang baik dan kuat. Pertumbuhan secara spiritual dimulai dengan pemahaman yang benar tentang Firman, dan Firman itulah yang akan menggerakkan setiap orang percaya untuk terus melakukan perbuatan-perbutan yang benar dihadapan Tuhan. Karena itu iman seseorang didasarkan pada kualitas rohaninya. Jemaat di Filadelfia merupakan jemaat yang memiliki rohani yang kuat dan mendasar. Keyakinan dan kualitas rohani jemaat Filadelfia kepada Kristus dinyatakan melalui cara hidup jemaat, yang menuruti firman, tidak menyangkal nama Tuhan, tekun menantikan Tuhan, dan setia memberitakan Injil, cara hidup ini merupakan suatu Panutan dalam kehidupan kekristenan.
KOMPARASI KONSEP ESKATOLOGI DISPENSASIONALISME DENGAN COVENANT THEOLOGY TENTANG KERAJAAN SERIBU TAHUN
Authors: Bili Agustina , Balang Jhonston Daud 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
Permasalahan dalam tulisan ini terletak pada isu doktrin eskatologi tentang kerajaan seribu tahun, khususnya dalam pandangan dispensasionalisme dengan covenant theology. Munculnya isu ini karena sebagian kekristenan menafsirkan kerajaan seribu tahun dengan cara penafsiran yang berbeda-beda oleh penerus Agutinus. Pembahasan ini bertujuan untuk memperbanyak pembasahan tentang kerajaan seribu tahun. Karena penitik beratan pada “kerajaan seribu tahun”, maka tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan. Tulisan ini akan menjabarkan kerajaan seribu tahun menurut pakar utama, hasil kerajaan seribu tahun menurut dispenasionalisme dengan covenant theology. Kesimpulan dari tulisan membuktikan bahwa kerajaan seribu tahun benar-benar akan terjadi di masa depan.

Kata Kunci: Komparasi-konsep-eskatologi-dispenasionalisme-covenant-theology-tentang-kerajaan- seribu-tahun.
COMPARING THE MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HORMONES WITH HEARTBEAT CHANGES IN DAPHNIA MAGNA
Authors: MOON YESEUNG , JEON RACHEL 
Published: January 2023

Rationale: Environmental hormones (EH) disrupt the integrity of the endocrine system. Many chemical compounds act as endocrine disruptors, such as insecticides, herbicides, plasticizers. If these chemical compounds spread outside their area of intended use, they can stay in the environment and flow down into local bodies of water and wreak havoc upon ecosystems in the area. So, understanding the underlying relationship of the EHs with the physiology of an organism may be important for the design of chemical structures that could minimize the adverse effects for the future compounds.
Methods: For this study, we chose 10 environmental hormones of BFR, DMT, LCH, DMA, TTS, MLT, ANN, CFT, GPS and GCH to examine the acute cardiac effects for 30 minute incubation in 1:10 serial dilution solutions. The heartbeat rates and their differences were evaluated at pre- and post-incubation, which was then converted into their heartbeat change% based on the pre-heartbeat rates. Then, the heartbeat change % for the individual EH was put on a regression analysis with molecular properties such as molecular weight, XlogP, topological polar surface area (TPSA), complexity, solubility and heavy atom count.
Results: The leading coefficient of polynomial function showed relationship with those molecular properties with regression coefficient R2 from 0.1163 to 0.3182. The study should be significantly recognized in that the relationship of acute cardiac effects to the molecular properties were able to quantify as a unique attempt to elucidate. More study might be needed for in-depth clarification in the constants of the polynomial relationship.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of unilateral congenital microtia with implant-retained auricular prosthesis - a case report
Authors: Mulcare Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Microtia is a term applied to congenital anomalies of the auricle, ranging from mild structural abnormalities to complete absence of the external ear and auditory canal. Microtia may occur as an isolated condition or in association with other malformations such as facial clefts, cardiac defects, renal abnormalities, anophthalmia, and limb reduction defects. Surgical reconstruction of the absent auricle is difficult, and the results are often unsatisfactory. Prosthetic rehabilitation is indicated where surgical procedures may not provide predictable aesthetic results. In recent years, significant developments in digital dentistry have seen the widespread application of CAD/CAM fabrication techniques in the production of intraoral implant restorations. The use of digital technologies, however, has not permeated the field of maxillofacial prosthetics to the same extent. This report documents the use of existing dental CAD/CAM technology in the fabrication of an extraoral prosthesis and demonstrates the benefits of employing digital technology in the field of maxillofacial prosthetics.
Senior academics’ perceptions of undergraduate prosthodontics curriculum and teaching: a qualitative study
Authors: Al Khalaf Khaleel , Lynch Christopher D. , da Mata Cristiane 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Divergence in undergraduate teaching methods in prosthodontics is widely reported, and this could impact on graduate dentists’ competence and affect patient safety. Objectives: To explore the perspectives held by senior dental academics worldwide regarding the undergraduate prosthodontics curriculum, teaching and assessment methods, and teaching staff profile. Materials and methods: Twelve senior dental academics from seven countries participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their perspectives and opinions of the undergraduate prosthodontics curriculum, and current and best teaching and assessment methods. Interviews were undertaken virtually, video-recorded and auto-transcribed. Semantic thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Academic professors, consultants and specialists were considered the most suitable staff members to supervise students during preclinical hands-on sessions due to their experience level. Additionally, participants mentioned the availability of suitable patients for treatment, dental schools’ curricula, and the level of students’ skills as factors influencing the start of clinical sessions in fixed prosthodontics. The course contents and the extent of teaching on dental implants were different between schools. Tailoring the curriculum according to what is expected from the graduating dentists and allowing students to observe dental implant cases before dealing with simple cases were suggestions made by the participants, to include an implant course at undergraduate level. Conclusions: Despite some differences in opinions and current practices in different institutions, barriers to the implementation of an ideal curriculum seemed to be similar in the different institutions. This study provided deeper understanding of the current divergence in prosthodontics teaching, which would allow for future improvement in the dental curriculum.