bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on robust additive of CaCO3 for fast fabrication of highly transparent AlON ceramics by pressureless sintering
Authors: Ma Liya , Sun Xiannian , Guo Haoran , Shan Yingchun , Han Xiaoguang , Xu Jiujun , Li Jiangtao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFabrication of transparent AlON ceramics is extra sensitive to both particle size of starting powder and sintering additive due to shuttling transformation between AlON and Al2O3 + AlN during heating. One possible solution is to select robust additive to suppress the shuttling transformation. In this work, three AlON powders with different median particle sizes of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.1 μm were prepared. After studying the effect of CaCO3 on densification process, AlON ceramics with the maximum transmittance of ≥81.1% were successfully fast prepared by pressureless sintering (PS) at 1880°C for only 2.5 h by using three AlON powders doped with different CaCO3 amount. Specifically, AlON ceramics prepared from 1.1 μm with 0.5–0.8 wt.% CaCO3 doping consistently showed the maximum transmittance of ≥85.3%, which indicates that CaCO3 can serve as a robust additive to enable fast fabrication of highly transparent AlON ceramics even by PS.
The impact of Confucianism on auditor judgment
Authors: Deng Yingwen , Wu Yongliang , Zeng Changli , Zhang Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between Confucianism and auditor judgment. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2006 to 2019, we find that the Confucian atmosphere in auditors’ hometowns is positively associated with their audit adjustments. The mechanism analyses show that Confucianism in auditors’ hometowns can influence auditor morality and further affect their judgment. We also find that the positive relationship between Confucianism in auditors’ hometowns and audit adjustments is reinforced by auditor exposure to strong Confucian atmospheres in their places of education and workplaces but weakened by Western culture diffusion. Moreover, auditors who are more influenced by Confucianism are associated with more improvements in client financial reporting quality, more upward and downward adjustments, more small and large adjustments and more audit effort but not higher audit fees. Overall, this study provides evidence that supports the imprinting effect of traditional Confucianism on auditors.
Rinse model implementation of alkaline detergent in clean‐in‐place process with gradual flow reduction for economy of water and effluent reduction
Authors: Brasileiro Rafaella Gaião , Silva Lucas Donizete , Sislian Rodrigo , Gedraite Rubens 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDemand for water savings in clean‐in‐place (CIP) process has increased due to the limited offer of this natural resource. Thus, this work investigated the CIP with variable flow in the rinse step in a stainless steel piping system contaminated with alkaline detergent residues compared to CIP with constant flow for rinse water (RW) saving purposes. In addition, the dynamics of the conductivity of the effluent of the CIP system, typically found in dairies, was investigated and water consumption estimated. For this purpose, a CIP prototype was used, which was subjected to cleaning with alkaline detergent (NaOH) at 70°C for 15 min and later rinsed, evaluating the flow reduction effect. The removal of alkaline residue was evaluated under steady state and variable conditions using computer simulation in software Matlab™/Simulink™. The dynamics of alkaline residue removal was modeled using the first order transfer function with dead time (FOPDT) and the gradual flow reduction strategy for rinsing was predicted using the interpolation of the models. The results showed that both strategies were significant for the residues of detergent removal. However, the reduction in spent RW volume was more significant for the variable flow, representing 35% of potable water savings compared to the conventional process with constant flow, what suggests an interesting strategy to reduce the environmental impact caused by the CIP process. Finally, the FOPDT models were effective in predicting the rinse dynamics and determining the time of the process.Practical applicationsStrategies to reduce rinse water consumption and to guarantee food safety are essential. Variable rinse flow can be used in dairy industries to improve economy of water and energy during rinse stage of a CIP process in comparison with the time spent considering the stationary flow process, commonly employed in dairy. In addition, this change is attractive, as it can be made with only adjustments to the control system, not necessarily requiring new equipment.
Sural nerve biopsy utility by masked assessment of individual histologic preparations
Authors: Soontrapa Pannathat , Dyck Peter J. , Dyck P. James B. , Klein Caroline M. , Engelstad JaNean , Davies Jenny , Shahar Shelly , Harmsen W. Scott , Mandrekar Jay , Spinner Robert J. , Ida Cristiane M. , Klein Christopher J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsComprehensive study of sural nerve biopsy utility based on individual histopathologic preparations is lacking. We aimed to quantify the value of different histologic preparations in diagnosis.MethodsOne hundred consecutive sural nerves were studied by standard histological preparations plus graded teased nerve fibers (GTNF), immunohistochemistry, and epoxy‐semithin morphometry. Three examiners scored the individual preparations separately by a questionnaire of neuropathic and interstitial abnormalities, masked to the biopsy number, versus a gold‐standard of all preparations. Multivariate modeling was utilized to determine best approach versus the gold‐standard.ResultsHighest confidence (range 8–9 of 10) and inter‐rater reliability (99%) for fiber abnormalities came from GTNF, and interstitial abnormalities from paraffin stains (range 7–8, 99%). Vasculitic neuropathy associated with GTNF axonal degeneration (moderate to severe 79%) with OR 3.8, 95% CI (1.001–14.7), p = .04, but not significantly with the other preparations. Clinicopathologic diagnoses associated with teased fiber abnormalities in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, 80% (8/10); amyloidosis, 50% (1/2); adult‐onset polyglucosan disease 100% (1/1). GTNF and paraffin stains significantly correlated with fiber density determined by morphometric analysis (GTNF: OR 9.9, p < .0001, paraffin: OR 3.8, p = .03). GTNF combined with paraffin sections had highest accuracy for clinicopathologic diagnoses and fiber density with 0.86 C‐stat prediction versus morphometric analysis. Pathological results lead to initiation or changes of immunotherapy in 70% (35/50; initiation n = 22, reduction n = 9, escalation n = 4) with the remaining having alternative intervention or no change.InterpretationNerve biopsy paraffin stains combined with GTNF have highest diagnostic utility, confidence, inter‐rater reliability, improving accuracy for a pathologic diagnosis aiding treatment recommendations. Immunostains and epoxy preparations are also demonstrated useful supporting consensus guidelines. This study provides class II evidence for individual nerve preparation utility.
‘For them farming may be the last resort, but for us it is a new hope’: Ageing, youth and farming in India
Authors: Mohanty B. B. , Lenka Papesh K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBased on an empirical exercise carried out in five villages of Odisha in eastern India, the paper looks into ageing of the farm population and the experiences and responses of farmers of various age groups to farming. The findings of the study indicate that agriculture is greying, farmers are getting older and the youth, particularly of higher and cultivating castes, are averse to farming. The unwillingness of these youths to join farming is mainly attributed to loss of social status, declining profitability in agriculture and discouragement of immediate ‘mentors’, the middle‐aged farmers, caused by the perpetual decline of farm income and loss of social recognition. The hitherto nonfarming youths, belonging to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and service‐rendering castes, especially the female youths, are joining farming to fill this gap, mostly as leased‐in cultivators.
The frequency of fatty liver in patients with alopecia areata: A case–control study
Authors: Tehranchinia Zohreh , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , Haghighatkhah Hamidreza , Talebi Atefeh , Yarahmadi Amin , Zoghi Ghazal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an immune‐mediated nonscarring hair loss disorder with multiple subtypes, including alopecia universalis (AU). Previous studies have shown a link between serum lipid profile and alopecia. We aimed to investigate the frequency of fatty liver in patients with AU and patchy alopecia areata (PAA) compared to a control group.MethodsThis case–control study included patients with AU and PAA referred to a dermatology clinic from September 23, 2019 to September 23, 2020. A group of individuals without hair loss disorders attending the same clinic were selected as controls. Participants' general information, including age, sex, weight, height, and waist circumference (WC), was recorded. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all participants. Also, hyperlipidemia and statin use were noted and liver enzymes were evaluated. For AU and PAA patients, disease duration and the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score were also recorded. Then, all subjects underwent ultrasound to assess fatty liver and its grade.ResultsOverall, 32 patients were included in each group. All three groups were comparable in age, sex, weight, height, BMI, WC, hyperlipidemia, abnormal liver enzymes, and statin use. Disease duration and SALT score were significantly higher in the AU than in the PAA group (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively). The frequency of fatty liver was the highest in AU patients (40.6%), followed by 34.4% in PAA patients, and 21.9% in controls (p = 0.263). This was also the case for grade‐1 fatty liver, while grade‐2 was more common in PAA patients, and grade‐3 was only observed in one patient from the AU group (p = 0.496).ConclusionsFatty liver was more frequent in AU and PAA patients than controls, without statistically significant differences. There might be an association between fatty liver and AA, particularly the AU subtype.
Milk production and milk fatty acid profile as a response to feeding dairy cows with flax products during the persistence period
Authors: El‐Ganainy Shahira M. M. , Shams A. Sh. , Kandial M. H. H. , Badr Azza M. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe response of enhanced dietary dairy cows with linolenic‐rich sources during the persistence period was studied to determine its effectiveness on some blood constituents, milk yield and milk fatty acid profile. A complete randomized design experiment was conducted in the spring and involved 20 Friesian cows (60 days in milk) that were divided into four groups of five animals by milk production according to different types of flax source in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic rations: a traditional diet with no flax source (CO), a diet contains flaxseed meal (FLM), a diet contains whole flaxseed (FLS) and a diet contains flax oil (FLO). DM intake and DMI% of weight were increased for cows fed FLM. However, Omega‐3 intake was reduced for cows fed on CO ration. Although, blood serum metabolites did not differ among treatments (p < 0.05) except serum cholesterol which was increased with FLO cows, and serum total lipid which was reduced with FLM cows. Cows fed on flax product and control peaked in milk production at the same time (8‐week post‐partum), and cows fed on FLM continued in peak production for a longer period. Using flax products enhanced milk production, cows fed FLM had higher milk yield than those fed CO (20.76 vs.16.32 kg/d), and there was no difference between cows fed FLO (17.87 kg/d) and those fed FLS (18.01 kg/d). Also, energy‐corrected milk yield and 3.5 fat‐corrected milk yield were increased with cows fed on FLM as compared with cows fed CO ration. Flax products had no significant effect on milk fat and protein %, whereas cows fed FLM had the greatest fat% value (3.35%) and FLS had the greatest protein% value (2.66%). Moreover, fat and protein yield increased significantly in treatment groups compared to the CO group, whereas they were the greatest in FLM g (0.700 and 0.540 kg/d), respectively. Concentrations of omega‐3‐fatty acids in milk fat were increased by using FLO in the ration; using flaxseed meal enhanced conjugated linoleic acids in milk fat and resulted in the highest omega‐6‐to‐omega‐3‐fatty‐acids ratio. The data suggest that flax seed meals can be used as a fat source in the diet of dairy cows during the persistence period with a good response to milk production and its health properties. Moreover, flax oil should be protected before use in rations to prevent its components from saturation or being changed in the rumen.
In vitro aflatoxins recovery after changing buffer or protozoa concentrations in the rumen fermentation fluid
Authors: Spanghero Mauro , Braidot Matteo , Sarnataro Chiara , Fabro Carla , Piani Barbara , Gallo Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study simulates in vitro the effects of (i) rumen acidity and (ii) change in rumen protozoa numbers on the recovery of aflatoxins (AFs). Two 24‐h fermentation experiments were carried out using the same batch in vitro fermentation systems and substrate (dried corn meal) containing 11.42, 2.42, 7.65 and 1.70 µg/kg of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 respectively. In Experiment 1, two buffer concentrations (normal salts dosage or lowered to 25%) were tested. Buffer reduction decreased gas production (730 vs. 1101 mL, p < 0.05), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH3 concentrations in the fermentation liquid (39.8 vs. 46.3 mmol/L, and 31.7 vs. 46.5 mg/dL respectively, p < 0.01). Recovery of all four AFs types was higher (p < 0.01) in the reduced buffer fermentation fluid, both as a percentage of total AF incubated (73.6% vs. 62.5%, 45.9% vs. 38.1%, 33.6% vs. 17.9% and 18.9% vs. 6.24% for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 respectively) and as amounts relative to VFA production (163.4 vs. 123.5, 22.1 vs. 15.7, 48.8 vs. 22.5 and 6.16 vs. 1.86 ng/100 mmol of VFA, for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 respectively). In Experiment 2, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extracts (S) or a Camphor essential oil (Cam) were added to fermenters and compared to the control (no additives, C). S and Cam addition resulted in a 25% reduction (p < 0.05) and a 15% increase (p < 0.05) in protozoa counts respectively, when compared to C. Both plant additives slightly reduced (p < 0.05) AFB1 recovery as a percentage of total AFB1 incubated (68.5% and 67.7% vs. 74.9% for S, Cam and C respectively). Recoveries of all other AFs were unaffected by the additives. In conclusion, the rumen in vitro AFB1 recovery (63%–75%) was higher than other AFs (3%–46%) and the acidic fermentation environment increased it. In our conditions, changes in protozoa numbers did not affect AFs recovery.
Hepatocytic ballooning in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: Dilemmas and future directions
Authors: Li Yang‐Yang , Zheng Tian‐Lei , Xiao Shu‐Yuan , Wang Peng , Yang Wen‐Jun , Jiang Li‐Lin , Chen Li‐Li , Sha Jun‐Cheng , Jin Yi , Chen Sui‐Dan , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni , Li Jian‐Min , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHepatocytic ballooning is a key histological feature in the diagnosis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and is an essential component of the two most widely used histological scoring systems for diagnosing and staging non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [namely, the NAFLD activity score (NAS), and the steatosis, activity and fibrosis (SAF) scoring system]. As a result of the increasing incidence of NASH globally, the diagnostic challenges of hepatocytic ballooning are unprecedented. Despite the clear pathological concept of hepatocytic ballooning, there are still challenges in assessing hepatocytic ballooning in ‘real life’ situations. Hepatocytic ballooning can be confused with cellular oedema and microvesicular steatosis. Significant inter‐observer variability does exist in assessing the presence and severity of hepatocytic ballooning. In this review article, we describe the underlying mechanisms associated with hepatocytic ballooning. Specifically, we discuss the increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response, as well as the rearrangement of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, the appearance of Mallory‐Denk bodies and activation of the sonic Hedgehog pathway. We also discuss the use of artificial intelligence in the detection and interpretation of hepatocytic ballooning, which may provide new possibilities for future diagnosis and treatment.
Breastfeeding after return to work: An Australian national workplace survey
Authors: Burns Elaine , Elcombe Emma , Pierce Heather , Hugman Sky , Gannon Susanne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBreastfeeding initiation rates in Australia are high but duration rates fall well below the World Health Organization targets. Return to work is a known factor impacting 6 months exclusive breastfeeding and continuation into the infants second year of life. Work related factors can influence a woman's confidence in maintaining breastmilk supply after return to employment and determine whether she meets her personal breastfeeding goals. This cross‐sectional online survey is the first Australian study to explore women's experience of maintaining breastfeeding after return to work, in all work sectors. Results revealed variations across work sectors reflected in worker autonomy and confidence in speaking up about breastfeeding rights. Women who had autonomy or flexibility in planning their workday were more likely to be confident in maintaining breastmilk supply. The main predictors for milk supply confidence and meeting personal breastfeeding goals included having: a suitable place to express milk; confidence in speaking out about rights; a formal return‐to‐work plan; a supportive workplace; and returning to work after the period of exclusive breastfeeding. This study reveals that supportive workplace environments can lead to increased confidence in maintaining milk supply, extending durations of breastfeeding. Women who are confident in their rights to express breastmilk, or breastfeed at work, are more likely to meet their own breastfeeding goals. Education, and awareness raising, on the rights of breastfeeding women in the workplace, is a gender equity imperative that can improve experiences for breastfeeding women, and, increase manager and co‐worker knowledge for creating enabling workplace environments for breastfeeding employees.
Restricting diet for perceived health benefit: A mixed‐methods exploration of peripartum food taboos in rural Cambodia
Authors: Labonté Jocelyne M. , Kroeun Hou , Sambo Sreang , Rem Ngik , Luhovyy Bohdan L. , Karakochuk Crystal D. , Green Tim J. , Wieringa Frank T. , Sophonneary Prak , Measelle Jeffrey R. , Baldwin Dare , Whitfield Kyly C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFood taboos encompass food restrictions practiced by a group that go beyond individual preferences. During pregnancy and lactation, food taboos may contribute to inadequate nutrition and poor maternal and infant health. Restriction of specific fish, meat, fruits and vegetables is common among peripartum women in many Southeast Asian countries, but data from Cambodia are lacking. In this mixed‐methods study, 335 Cambodian mothers were asked open‐ended questions regarding dietary behaviours during pregnancy and up to 24 weeks postpartum. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to characterize food taboos and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of this practice. Participants were 18–44 years of age, all of Khmer ethnicity and 31% were primiparous. Sixty‐six per cent of women followed food taboos during the first 2 weeks postpartum, whereas ~20% of women restricted foods during other peripartum periods. Pregnancy taboos were often beneficial, including avoidance of sugar‐sweetened beverages, coffee and alcohol. Conversely, postpartum avoidances typically included nutrient‐dense foods such as fish, raw vegetables and chicken. Food taboos were generally followed to support maternal and child health. No significant predictors of food taboos during pregnancy were identified. Postpartum, each additional live birth a woman had reduced her odds of following food taboos by 24% (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.76 [0.61–0.95]). Specific food taboo practices and rationales varied greatly between women, suggesting that food taboos are shaped less by a strict belief system within the Khmer culture and more by individual or household understandings of food and health during pregnancy and postpartum.
A 2D‐connected automated vehicle car‐following control algorithm
Authors: Yi Ran , Zhou Yang , Ou Jishun , Wang Xin , Ding Fan , Nie Qinghui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCar‐following prevails in daily traffic under various scenarios. However, most connected automated vehicle (CAV) car‐following algorithms in the literature only apply to one‐dimensional CAV control, which limits the application scenarios. This paper presents a two‐dimensional (2D) CAVs car‐following strategy on curved roads in the spatial domain with vehicle‐to‐vehicle and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure communication to expand the car‐following application scenarios. This control strategy constructs a 2D car‐following equilibrium policy by extending the simplified Newell's car‐following model. Based on that, a constrained optimal CAV car‐following control in the spatial domain is constructed to maintain the inter‐vehicle spacing and speed difference while regulating the lane deviation and avoiding work zones. As demonstrated by numerical results, our proposed algorithm maintains a high degree of consistency between equilibrium spacing and vehicle speed while duplicating the trajectory of the leading vehicle, implying empirical string stability. The results also suggest the robustness of handling different scenarios.
Prevalence and impact of disorders of Gut–Brain interaction in Sweden
Authors: Tornkvist Navkiran Thind , Simrén Magnus , Hreinsson Jóhann P. , Tack Jan , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Sperber Ami D. , Palsson Olafur S. , Josefsson Axel , Törnblom Hans 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious epidemiologic studies in Sweden have only covered some of the disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) and are not representative of the general population. This study aimed to define the prevalence and impact of DGBI in Sweden.MethodsWe used Swedish data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study which include information on DGBI diagnoses, psychological distress, quality of life (QoL), healthcare utilization, and the impact of stress on GI symptoms.Key ResultsThe prevalence of having any DGBI was 39.1% (95% CI 37.0–41.2); esophageal disorders 6.1% (5.1–7.3), gastroduodenal disorders 10.7% (9.3–12.0), bowel disorders 31.6% (29.6–33.6), and anorectal disorders 6.0% (5.1–7.2). Subjects with a DGBI more commonly reported anxiety and/or depression, reduced mental and physical QoL, and more frequent doctor visits due to health problems. Subjects with a DGBI reported bothersome gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms to a greater extent and more than 1/3 had visited a doctor due to GI problems and of those 1/3 had seen multiple doctors. Prescription medications were available among 36.4% (31.0–42.0) who had bothersome GI symptoms and a DGBI, with sufficient symptom relief in 73.2% (64.0–81.1). Psychological factors and eating were reported to worsen GI symptoms and stress during the last month was greater in subjects with a DGBI.Conclusions and InferencesDGBI prevalence and its impact in Sweden is in line with global data, including increased healthcare utilization. GI symptoms are commonly affected by psychological factors and eating, and a high proportion of those on prescription medication report sufficient GI symptom relief.