bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neck shrivel in European plum is caused by cuticular microcracks, resulting from rapid lateral expansion of the neck late in development
Authors: Khanal Bishnu P. , Bhattarai Anil , Aryal Divya , Knoche Moritz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Main conclusion
Susceptibility to neck shrivel in European plum is due to cuticular microcracking resulting from high surface area growth rates in the neck region, late in development.

Abstract
Susceptibility to the commercially important fruit disorder ‘neck shrivel’ differs among European plum cultivars. Radial cuticular microcracking occurs in the neck regions of susceptible cultivars, but not in non-susceptible ones, so would seem to be causal. However, the reason for the microcracking is unknown. The objective was to identify potential relationships between fruit growth pattern and microcracking incidence in the neck (proximal) and stylar (distal) ends of selected shrivel-susceptible and non-susceptible cultivars. Growth analysis revealed two allometric categories: The first category, the ‘narrow-neck’ cultivars, showed hypoallometric growth in the neck region (i.e., slower growth than in the region of maximum diameter) during early development (stages I + II). Later (during stage III) the neck region was ‘filled out’ by hyperallometric growth (i.e., faster than in the region of maximum diameter). The second category, the ‘broad-neck’ cultivars, had more symmetrical, allometric growth (all regions grew equally fast) throughout development. The narrow-neck cultivars exhibited extensive radial cuticular microcracking in the neck region, but little microcracking in the stylar region. In contrast, the broad-neck cultivars exhibited little microcracking overall, with no difference between the neck and stylar regions. Across all cultivars, a positive relationship was obtained for the level of microcracking in the neck region and the difference in allometric growth ratios between stage III and stages I + II. There were no similar relationships for the stylar region. The results demonstrate that accelerated stage III neck growth in the narrow-neck plum cultivars is associated with more microcracking and thus with more shrivel.
Body composition in patients with Fontan physiology: a systematic review
Authors: van den Berg Rubens J. , Pos Jayanti N. , Scheffers Linda E. , van den Berg Linda E. M. , Helbing Willem A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFontan circulation is a highly abnormal circulatory state that may affect various organ systems. The effect on body composition is an important factor to assess the condition of the patient. This systematic review assesses body composition and possibly related adverse outcomes in patients with a Fontan circulation, to provide an overview of current insights. Studies evaluating body composition by compartment (either fat mass or lean/muscle mass) in Fontan patients published up to April 2023 were included in this systematic review. Of 1392 potential studies, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, body composition measurements of 774 Fontan patients were included. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (n = 12), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (n = 5), computer tomography (CT) (n = 1), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n = 1). All studies reported a normal body mass index (BMI) in Fontan patients, compared to controls. Five out of nine studies reported significantly higher body fat values, and twelve out of fifteen studies reported significantly lower muscle or lean mass values in the Fontan population compared to the healthy population. Unfavorable body composition in Fontan patients was associated with decreased exercise capacity, worse cardiac function, and adverse outcomes including hospital admissions and death. Conclusions: Despite having a normal BMI, Fontan patients have an increased fat mass and decreased muscle mass or lean mass compared to the healthy population. This unfavorable body composition was associated with various adverse outcomes, including a decreased exercise capacity and worse cardiac function.What is Known:• Patients with a Fontan circulation have a decreased exercise capacity compared to healthy peers, an unfavorable body composition might be a contributor to their impaired exercise capacity.What is New:• Fontan patients are predisposed to an unfavorable body composition, characterized by increased fat mass and decreased muscle mass accompanied by a normal BMI compared to the healthy population.• Among others, unfavorable body composition was associated with decreased exercise capacity, cardiac function, and increased morbidity in patients with a Fontan circulation.
Prevalence and impact of malnutrition on outcomes and mortality of under-five years children with pneumonia: a study from Upper Egypt
Authors: Gamal Yasser , Mahmoud Asmaa O. , Mohamed Sherif A. A. , I. Mohamed Jaafar , Raheem Yasser F. Abdel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMalnutrition has adverse impacts on under-five children with pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to address the prevalence and impact of malnutrition on under-five years children with pneumonia, admitted to a tertiary large children hospital in Upper Egypt. This study is a prospective case-control study. All under-five children diagnosed with pneumonia who were admitted to Assiut University Children’s Hospital (AUCH) from January 1st to December 31st, 2021, were enrolled. Based on their nutritional assessment, the studied participants were classified into 2 groups: (1): Children with pneumonia and with nutritional deficiency considered as cases, and (2): Children with pneumonia and without nutritional deficiency considered as controls. Three hundred-fifty cases and 154 control subjects were enrolled, respectively. 93.4%, 31.1%, and 61.7% of the cases had underweight, stunting, and wasting, respectively. Among those cases, there were significant differences between survivors and non-survivors with regard to some clinicodemographic factors, laboratory parameters, and anthropometric parameters. Lack of compulsory vaccination, presence of sepsis, and blood transfusion (OR 2.874, 95% CI 0.048 – 2.988, p = 0.004, 2.627, 0.040 – 2.677, p = 0.009, and 4.108, 0.134 – 3.381, p < 0.001, respectively) were significant independent predictors for mortality among malnourished children with pneumonia. Conclusion: Malnutrition has a high prevalence in under-five children with pneumonia in our locality. It has adverse effects on the outcomes and in-hospital mortality of those children. Lack of compulsory vaccination, presence of sepsis, and blood transfusion were significant independent predictors of mortality in malnourished children with pneumonia. Larger multicenter studies are warranted.

What is Known:• Malnutrition has adverse impacts on under-five children with pneumonia.• Malnutrition could be a reason for in-hospital mortality among under-five children with pneumonia.

What is New:• Malnutrition has a high prevalence in under-five children with pneumonia in Upper Egypt, with its adverse effects on the outcomes and mortality of those children.• Lack of vaccination, presence of sepsis, and blood transfusion are significant independent predictors of mortality in malnourished children with pneumonia in Upper Egypt.
Mixed-precision quantization-aware training for photonic neural networks
Authors: Kirtas Manos , Passalis Nikolaos , Oikonomou Athina , Moralis-Pegios Miltos , Giamougiannis George , Tsakyridis Apostolos , Mourgias-Alexandris George , Pleros Nikolaos , Tefas Anastasios 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe energy demanding nature of deep learning (DL) has fueled the immense attention for neuromorphic architectures due to their ability to operate in a very high frequencies in a very low energy consumption. To this end, neuromorphic photonics are among the most promising research directions, since they are able to achieve femtojoule per MAC efficiency. Although electrooptical substances provide a fast and efficient platform for DL, they also introduce various noise sources that impact the effective bit resolution, introducing new challenges to DL quantization. In this work, we propose a quantization-aware training method that gradually performs bit reduction to layers in a mixed-precision manner, enabling us to operate lower-precision networks during deployment and further increase the computational rate of the developed accelerators while keeping the energy consumption low. Exploiting the observation that intermediate layers have lower-precision requirements, we propose to gradually reduce layers’ bit resolutions, by normally distributing the reduction probability of each layer. We experimentally demonstrate the advantages of mixed-precision quantization in both performance and inference time. Furthermore, we experimentally evaluate the proposed method in different tasks, architectures, and photonic configurations, highlighting its immense capabilities to reduce the average bit resolution of DL models while significantly outperforming the evaluated baselines.
A systematic approach on the second order regularity of solutions to the general parabolic p-Laplace equation
Authors: Feng Yawen , Parviainen Mikko , Sarsa Saara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study a general form of a degenerate or singular parabolic equation $$\begin{aligned} u_t-|Du|^{\gamma }\big (\Delta u+(p-2)\Delta _\infty ^Nu\big )=0 \end{aligned}$$

u
t

-

|
D
u
|

γ

(

Δ
u
+

(
p
-
2
)

Δ
∞
N

u

)

=
0

that generalizes both the standard parabolic p-Laplace equation and the normalized version that arises from stochastic game theory. We develop a systematic approach to study second order Sobolev regularity and show that $$D^2u$$

D
2

u

exists as a function and belongs to $$L^2_\text {loc}$$

L
loc
2

for a certain range of parameters. In this approach proving the estimate boils down to verifying that a certain coefficient matrix is positive definite. As a corollary we obtain, under suitable assumptions, that a viscosity solution has a Sobolev time derivative belonging to $$L^2_\text {loc}$$

L
loc
2

.
Generalized curvature for the optimal transport problem induced by a Tonelli Lagrangian
Authors: Yang Yuchuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a generalized curvature that is motivated by the optimal transport problem on $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

with cost induced by a Tonelli Lagrangian L. We show that non-negativity of the generalized curvature implies displacement convexity of the generalized entropy functional on the L-Wasserstein space along $$C^2$$

C
2

displacement interpolants.
Mpox: a review of laboratory detection techniques
Authors: Zhou Yunfan , Chen Zixin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMpox (formerly monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which, like smallpox, is characterised by skin rashes. While the world is currently grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the appearance of MPXV has presented a global threat and raised concerns worldwide. Since May 2022, MPXV has spread rapidly in non-endemic mpox areas. As of 27 June 2023, the virus has spread to more than 112 countries and regions, with over 88,060 laboratory-confirmed cases and 147 deaths. Thus, measures to control the mpox epidemic are urgently needed. As the principal methods for identifying and monitoring mpox, laboratory detection techniques play an important role in mpox diagnosis. This review summarises the currently-used laboratory techniques for MPXV detection, discusses progress in improving these methods, and compares the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic detection methods. Currently, nucleic acid amplification tests, such as the polymerase chain reaction, are the most commonly used. Immunological methods have also been applied to diagnose the disease, which can help us discover new features of MPXV, improve diagnostic accuracy, track epidemic trends, and guide future prevention and control strategies, which are also vital for controlling mpox epidemics. This review provides a resource for the scientific community and should stimulate more research and development in alternative diagnostics to be applied to this and future public health crises.
Switching pattern and dose adjustment of antidepressants before and during pregnancy
Authors: Robiyanto Robiyanto , Roos Marjolein , Bos Jens H J , Hak Eelko , van Puijenbroek Eugène P , Schuiling-Veninga Catharina C M 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to examine the switching pattern and dose adjustment of antidepressants (ADs) prescribed to women from six months before to six months during pregnancy in the Netherlands. The recorded dispenses or refills were collected from the University of Groningen IADB.nl pregnancy subset for all singleton pregnancies in which the mother received ≥ 1 prescription of an AD dispensed before pregnancy and was present in the database at least six months after conception. The rates of continuation, discontinuation, and switching between 2001 and 2020 were assessed for the ADs studied. The mean number of Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) of the most frequently continued ADs used was calculated both before and during pregnancy, and a paired t-test was used to test for significant changes. The continuation rates for AD users, especially for SSRI and SNRI continued users, increased over time from 27% and 19% (2001–2005) to 65% and 65% (2016–2020). The switching rate between ADs remained consistently low from the start of the study (2001–2005) at 2.0% to the end of the study (2016–2020) at 2.3%. Most women who switched between antidepressants during pregnancy received a different SSRI monotherapy (85%), followed by an SNRI (6%), a TCA (4%), and an “other AD” (4%). In most cases observed, the dose adjustment for the mean DDDs during pregnancy compared to the mean DDDs before pregnancy only changed little (less than 10%). Continued use of SSRIs among singleton pregnancies doubled over the study period. The low rate of AD switching and little changes in the DDD adjustment for most AD continuers indicate that pregnant women prefer to continue their prepregnancy medication rather than switch it. Most observed findings cohere with the Dutch national guidelines for antidepressant use during pregnancy.
Epidemiological and clinical evaluation of patients with a cleft in lower saxony Germany: a mono-center analysis
Authors: Philipp Kauffmann , Anja Quast , Boris Schminke , Johanna Kolle , Susanne Wolfer , Adam Stepniewski , Philipp Meyer-Marcotty , Henning Schliephake 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim was to provide epidemiological and clinical data on patients with orofacial clefts in Lower Saxony in Germany.

Materials and methods
The records of 404 patients with orofacial clefts treated surgically at the University Medical Center Goettingen from 2001 to 2019 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Prevalence of orofacial clefts in general, orofacial clefts as manifestation of a syndrome, sex distribution, and prevalence of different cleft types was evaluated and associated with the need for corrective surgery, family history, pregnancy complications, and comorbidities.

Results
The prevalence of orofacial clefts for Goettingen in Lower Saxony was 1:890. 231 patients were male and 173 were female. CLP was most common (39.1%) followed by CP (34.7%), CL (14.4%), CLA (9.9%), and facial clefts (2%). The left side was more frequently affected and unilateral cleft forms occurred more often than bilateral ones. Almost 10% of the population displayed syndromic CL/P. 10.9% of all patients had a positive family history regarding CL/P, predominantly from the maternal side. Pregnancy abnormalities were found in 11.4%, most often in the form of preterm birth. Comorbidities, especially of the cardiovascular system, were found in 30.2% of the sample. 2.2% of patients treated according to the University Medical Center Goettingen protocol corrective surgery was performed in form of a velopharyngoplasty or residual hole closure.

Conclusions
The epidemiological and clinical profile of the study population resembled the expected distributions in Western populations. The large number of syndromic CL/P and associated comorbidities supports the need for specialized cleft centers and interdisciplinary cleft care.
Effect of cohesion on structure of powder layers in additive manufacturing
Authors: Roy Sudeshna , Shaheen Mohamad Yousef , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProducing a consistent layer quality for different raw-materials is a challenge for powder-based additive manufacturing. Interparticle cohesion plays a key role on the powder spreading process. In this work, we characterise the structure of deposited layers in the powder-base additive manufacturing process by numerical simulations using the discrete element method. The effect of particle cohesion on the quality of powder layers is evaluated. It is found that higher interparticle cohesion lead to poor spreadability, with more heterogeneous powder layer structure and enhances particle size segregation in the powder layer. We also compare the powder layer quality deposited on a smooth substrate with that on a powder layer. Deposition on a powder layer leads to inferior layer quality of powder layer with higher heterogeneity and higher particle size segregation effects.
Graphical abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the clinical assistance to breast cancer patients
Authors: Ribeiro Inês , Peleteiro Bárbara , Fougo José Luís 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to disclose the impact of the pandemic on breast cancer patients in a specialized breast cancer center (BCC).

Methods
A total of 501 breast cancer patients with a first appointment in the BCC from April 1st, 2019 to March 31st, 2021 were divided into four consecutive periods of 6 months. Data from the homologous semesters was compared. Patients with an appointment in the BCC during the study period were eligible for the secondary aim of our study (BCC workload).

Results
After the pandemic declaration (period 3), we found a decrease in the referral by screening programs (p = 0.002) and a reduction in the waiting time between the primary care referral and the first BCC appointment (p < 0.001). There were higher rates of palpable axillary nodes (p = 0.001), an increase in N stage 2 and 3 (p = 0.050), and a trend for primary endocrine therapy as the first treatment (p = 0.021) associated with higher rates of complete axillary node dissection (p = 0.030). In period 4, there were more outward diagnoses (p = 0.003) and a higher rate of surgery as the first treatment (p = 0.013).

Conclusion
COVID-19 pandemic implied a more advanced nodal stage, which may be related to the delay in breast cancer screening.

Graphical abstract
Doxastic Affirmative Action
Authors: Bengtson Andreas , Munch Lauritz Aastrup 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccording to the relational egalitarian theory of justice, justice requires that people relate as equals. To relate as equals, many relational egalitarians argue, people must (i) regard each other as equals, and (ii) treat each other as equals. In this paper, we argue that, under conditions of background injustice, such relational egalitarians should endorse affirmative action in the ways in which (dis)esteem is attributed to people as part of the regard-requirement for relating as equals.
The Role of College Study Competencies and Motivations in Determining the Acceptance of Distance Education
Authors: Boerchi Diego , Cacciamani Stefano , Ligorio Maria Beatrice 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether students’ Distance Education (DE) acceptance is influenced by the same factors affecting the acceptance of new digital technology. Furthermore, we also study competencies and motivations as factors affecting DE’s acceptance. The study was cross-sectional, and linear regressions tested the hypotheses. 165 Italian college students (F = 87.3%; average age 23) compiled an online survey. The main results are that considering the future intention to use DE as an indicator of its acceptance, the perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and perceived ease of use influence the future use of DE. Moreover, intrinsic motivation and emotional control during the exams directly and negatively determine the intention of using DE in the future. The perceived usefulness and ease of use, together with the subjective norms, totally mediated, in different ways, the effect of teachers’ relationships, time management, learning assessment, extrinsic motivation, and study dedication in explaining the future intention of using DE.
Ophthalmic findings in patients with autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis due to TGM1 mutations in an isolated population
Authors: Macriz-Romero Nicole , Vera-Duarte Guillermo Raul , Guerrero-Becerril Jesus , Chacón-Camacho Oscar Francisco , Astiazarán Mirena C , Zenteno Juan Carlos , Graue-Hernandez Enrique O. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the ocular clinical characteristics of a group of Mexican patients with lamellar ichthyosis (LI) arising from TGM1 pathogenic variants.

Methods
Ophthalmological exploration, pedigree analysis and genetic screening were performed in patients with an established clinical diagnosis of lamellar ichthyosis from families located in a small community in the Southeast of Mexico.

Results
Nine patients with LI in five families were identified. There were six affected females. All patients (9/9) demonstrated eye lid abnormalities with eight patients showing lid margin abnormalities. Madarosis was present in only three individuals and corneal scarring was documented in two. All nine individuals carried biallelic TGM1 variants, either homozygously or as compound heterozygous.

Conclusion
Ocular anomalies are common in individuals with TGM1-related LI. The occurrence of a variety of private or rare mutations hampers the identification of a genotype–phenotype correlation for ocular anomalies in this disorder.