bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing emotion in two languages: A pupillometry study of Cantonese–Mandarin bilinguals’ perception of affective cognates in L1 and L2
Authors: Yao Yao , Connell Katrina , Politzer-Ahles Stephen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifferential affective processing has been widely documented for bilinguals: L1 affective words elicit higher levels of arousal and stronger emotionality ratings than L2 affective words (Pavlenko, 2012). In this study, we focus on two closely related Chinese languages, Mandarin and Cantonese, whose affective lexicons are highly overlapping, with shared lexical items that only differ in pronunciation across languages. We recorded L1 Cantonese – L2 Mandarin bilinguals’ pupil responses to auditory tokens of Cantonese and Mandarin affective words. Our results showed that Cantonese–Mandarin bilinguals had stronger pupil responses when the affective words were pronounced in Cantonese (L1) than when the same words were pronounced in Mandarin (L2). The effect was most evident in taboo words and among bilinguals with lower L2 proficiency. We discuss the theoretical implications of the findings in the frameworks of exemplar theory and models of the bilingual lexicon.
On the legal implications of a ‘permanent’ constituent power
Authors: Velasco-Rivera Mariana , Colón-Ríos Joel I 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines the development of the doctrine of the ‘permanent constituent power’ in Mexico. This doctrine reflects a long tradition in constitutional theory according to which the exercise of constituent power is a one-time event: once a constitution is adopted, there will be no legal mechanism in place for the exercise of the people’s original constitution-making authority. This view is nonetheless in tension with a notion that has also been historically embraced by liberal constitutionalism: that the people has an inalienable right to alter the form of government. The constitutional provisions that reflect that idea, we will see, can have important implications in terms of the nature and scope of the amending authority and, at the same time, point toward alternative mechanisms for the exercise of constituent authority. By closely examining the operation of those kinds of provisions in the Mexican constitution, we seek to illustrate a tension central to the liberal constitutional tradition and to suggest a way out of it. In so doing, we aim to draw some lessons from the Mexican case that can contribute to current discussions about constituent power and fundamental constitutional change in liberal constitutional orders.
The 14 December 2020 Total Solar Eclipse Effects on Geomagnetic Field Variations and Plasma Density Over South America
Authors: Chen S. S. , Resende L. C. A. , Denardini C. M. , Chagas R. A. J. , Da Silva L. A. , Marchezi J. P. , Moro J. , Nogueira P. A. B. , Santos A. M. , Jauer P. R. , Carmo C. S. , Picanço G. A. S. , Silva R. P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe discuss the effects in the geomagnetic field variations and ionospheric plasma density modifications caused by the Total Solar Eclipse that occurred on 14 December 2020 over the South American sector. We used ground‐based magnetometer data and the Total Electron Content maps derived from the Global Navigation Satellite System to evaluate these changes. The results show that the geomagnetic field daily variation weakens between the first and last solar eclipse penumbra contact. Additionally, we observed a significant reduction of about 52.33 nT on the Equatorial Electrojet strength at Jicamarca (11.95°S, 76.88°W), where the solar obscuration reached 16.67% approximately. This behavior indicates that the solar eclipse in the equatorial region has possibly affected electric conductivities, altering the E region dynamo electric field. Consequently, it weakens the equatorial plasma fountain, affecting the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly development. Additionally, the ionospheric dynamics variations over Jicamarca during the solar eclipse event are analyzed using ionosonde data. We observe that the solar eclipse also caused a modification in the sporadic E layer and F region dynamics, indicating possible evidence of the gravity wave occurrence. Therefore, the results found here provide a better understanding of how the solar eclipse passage in the equatorial region affects the electron density in the low‐latitude regions.
Wave‐Current Coupling Effects on the Variation Modes of Pore Pressure Response in a Sandy Seabed: Physical Modeling and Explicit Approximations
Authors: Yang Li‐Jing , Qi Wen‐Gang , Li Yuzhu , Gao Fu‐Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrevious flume observations on the response of pore pressure in the seabed induced by the combined wave‐current were mainly limited to relatively deep‐water waves with wavenumber times water depth approximately above 1.0. Meanwhile, existing theoretical solutions neglected the variation of wave height induced by wave‐current coupling effects, limiting the accuracy of the predictions. In this study, the combined wave‐current induced pore pressure response within a sandy seabed is physically modeled in a water flume. A wide range of wave‐current parameters is examined. The effects of wave period, water depth, and wave height with the superimposed following and opposing currents on the change of pore pressure are investigated. The present experiments identify two new particular modes of pore pressure changing under superimposed current on waves, that is, the transition mode and the opposing‐current enhancing mode, besides the well‐recognized following‐current enhancing mode. The specific modes are determined by a dimensionless parameter characterizing the value of wavenumber times water depth for waves in the absence of a current. Based on the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy flux, an explicit solution for the wave height under the wave‐current coupling effect is derived. With this updated wave height, an analytical solution for combined wave‐current induced pore pressure response is further proposed, which agrees with the measured data. Based on this solution, a general diagram for the current effect on the mudline pore pressure amplitude is proposed, which is applicable for both laboratory and field conditions. Finally, the physical mechanism in three variation modes is discussed.
Multiple Abyssal Jets Flowing Into the Vema Deep, Romanche Fracture Zone
Authors: Frey D. I. , Krechik V. A. , Bashirova L. D. , Ostroumova S. A. , Smirnova D. A. , Kuleshova L. A. , Ponomarenko E. P. , Morozov E. G. , Ligi M. , Dudkov I. Yu. , Sivkov V. V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStrong acceleration of abyssal flows in narrow deep‐water channels and fracture zones is a key feature of bottom circulation in the Atlantic Ocean. In the Equatorial Atlantic, these bottom currents transport Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) over the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge from west to east. The main pathway for Antarctic waters in this region is the Romanche Fracture Zone. The deepest point of this fracture zone is the Vema Deep; its maximum depth based on the published data is 7,856 m. This deep basin is filled by waters of Antarctic origin overflowing a sill in a narrow channel. During the expedition on the R/V Akademik Ioffe (August 2022), we revealed a strong flow in the middle part of the Romanche Fracture Zone and collected new data on thermohaline and kinematic structures of this gravity current. Our survey is the first observational evidence of the intense flow into the Vema Deep. At the sill, the flow splits into branches flowing through three distinct channels of intricate configuration located in the southern transform valley of the fracture zone. The northern channel is proved to be the main pathway of the coldest and densest bottom waters to the Vema Deep. We also found that vertical structure of the flow is presented by two individual jets, namely the deep and bottom jets. The total transport of AABW through the Romanche Fracture Zone at this location was estimated at 1.40 Sv; the velocities exceeding 10 cm/s were found at depths greater than 5,000 m.
HDAC1-mediated regulation of GABA signaling within the lateral septum facilitates long-lasting social fear extinction in male mice
Authors: Bludau Anna , Neumann Inga D. , Menon Rohit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is caused by traumatic social experiences. It is characterized by intense fear and avoidance of social contexts, which can be robustly mimicked by the social fear conditioning (SFC) paradigm. The extinction phase of the SFC paradigm is akin to exposure therapy for SAD and requires learning to disassociate the trauma with the social context. Learning-induced acetylation of histones is critical for extinction memory formation and its endurance. Although class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the abovementioned learning process, there is a lack of clarity in isoforms and spatial specificity in HDAC function in social learning. Utilizing the SFC paradigm, we functionally characterized the role of HDAC1, specifically in the lateral septum (LS), in regulating the formation of long-term social fear extinction memory. We measured a local increase in activity-inducing HDAC1 phosphorylation at serine residues of social fear-conditioned (SFC+) mice in response to the extinction of social fear. We also found that LS-HDAC1 function negatively correlates with acute social fear extinction learning using pharmacological and viral approaches. Further, inhibition of LS-HDAC1 enhanced the expression of the GABA-A receptor β1 subunit (Gabrb1) in SFC+ mice, and activation of GABA-A receptors facilitated acute extinction learning. Finally, the facilitation of extinction learning by HDAC1 inhibition or GABA-A receptor activation within the LS led to the formation of long-lasting extinction memory, which persisted even 30 days after extinction. Our results show that HDAC1-mediated regulation of GABA signaling in the LS is crucial for the formation of long-lasting social fear extinction memory.
Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase 5 (ERK5) is required for the Yes-associated protein (YAP) co-transcriptional activity
Authors: Ippolito Francesca , Consalvi Veronica , Noce Valeria , Battistelli Cecilia , Cicchini Carla , Tripodi Marco , Amicone Laura , Marchetti Alessandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractYES-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional cofactor with a key role in the regulation of several physio-pathological cellular processes, by integrating multiple cell autonomous and microenvironmental cues. YAP is the main downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, a tumor-suppressive signaling able to transduce several extracellular signals. The Hippo pathway acts restraining YAP activity, since its activation induces YAP phosphorylation and cytoplasmic sequestration. However, recent observations indicate that YAP activity can be also modulated by Hippo independent/integrating pathways, still largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated the role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5)/mitogen-activated protein kinase in the regulation of YAP activity. By means of ERK5 inhibition/silencing and overexpression experiments, and by using as model liver stem cells, hepatocytes, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, we provided evidence that ERK5 is required for YAP-dependent gene expression. Mechanistically, ERK5 controls the recruitment of YAP on promoters of target genes and its physical interaction with the transcriptional partner TEAD; moreover, it mediates the YAP activation occurring in cell adhesion, migration, and TGFβ-induced EMT of liver cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ERK5 signaling modulates YAP activity in a LATS1/2-independent manner. Therefore, our observations identify ERK5 as a novel upstream Hippo-independent regulator of YAP activity, thus unveiling a new target for therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with its function.
A RIPK3-independent role of MLKL in suppressing parthanatos promotes immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Xifei , Deng Wenjia , Tao Siyao , Tang Zheng , Chen Yuehong , Tian Mengxin , Wang Ting , Tao Chenyang , Li Yize , Fang Yuan , Pu Congying , Gao Jun , Wang Xiaomin , Qu Weifeng , Gai Xiameng , Ding Zhenbin , Fu Yixian , Zheng Ying , Cao Siyuwei , Zhou Jian , Huang Min , Liu Weiren , Xu Jun , Fan Jia , Shi Yinghong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is widely accepted as an executioner of necroptosis, in which MLKL mediates necroptotic signaling and triggers cell death in a receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-dependent manner. Recently, it is increasingly noted that RIPK3 is intrinsically silenced in hepatocytes, raising a question about the role of MLKL in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study reports a previously unrecognized role of MLKL in regulating parthanatos, a programmed cell death distinct from necroptosis. In HCC cells with intrinsic RIPK3 deficiency, knockout of MLKL impedes the orthotopic tumor growth, activates the anti-tumor immune response and enhances the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockade in syngeneic HCC tumor models. Mechanistically, MLKL is required for maintaining the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial Mg2+ dynamics in HCC cells. MLKL deficiency restricts ER Mg2+ release and mitochondrial Mg2+ uptake, leading to ER dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative stress, which together confer increased susceptibility to metabolic stress-induced parthanatos. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to block parthanatos restores the tumor growth and immune evasion in MLKL-knockout HCC tumors. Together, our data demonstrate a new RIPK3-independent role of MLKL in regulating parthanatos and highlight the role of MLKL in facilitating immune evasion in HCC.
Half a century of rising extinction risk of coral reef sharks and rays
Authors: Sherman C. Samantha , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Pacoureau Nathan , Matsushiba Jay H. , Yan Helen F. , Walls Rachel H. L. , Rigby Cassandra L. , VanderWright Wade J. , Jabado Rima W. , Pollom Riley A. , Carlson John K. , Charvet Patricia , Bin Ali Ahmad , Fahmi  , Cheok Jessica , Derrick Danielle H. , Herman Katelyn B. , Finucci Brittany , Eddy Tyler D. , Palomares Maria Lourdes D. , Avalos-Castillo Christopher G. , Kinattumkara Bineesh , Blanco-Parra María-del-Pilar , Dharmadi  , Espinoza Mario , Fernando Daniel , Haque Alifa B. , Mejía-Falla Paola A. , Navia Andrés F. , Pérez-Jiménez Juan Carlos , Utzurrum Jean , Yuneni Ranny R. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSharks and rays are key functional components of coral reef ecosystems, yet many populations of a few species exhibit signs of depletion and local extinctions. The question is whether these declines forewarn of a global extinction crisis. We use IUCN Red List to quantify the status, trajectory, and threats to all coral reef sharks and rays worldwide. Here, we show that nearly two-thirds (59%) of the 134 coral-reef associated shark and ray species are threatened with extinction. Alongside marine mammals, sharks and rays are among the most threatened groups found on coral reefs. Overfishing is the main cause of elevated extinction risk, compounded by climate change and habitat degradation. Risk is greatest for species that are larger-bodied (less resilient and higher trophic level), widely distributed across several national jurisdictions (subject to a patchwork of management), and in nations with greater fishing pressure and weaker governance. Population declines have occurred over more than half a century, with greatest declines prior to 2005. Immediate action through local protections, combined with broad-scale fisheries management and Marine Protected Areas, is required to avoid extinctions and the loss of critical ecosystem function condemning reefs to a loss of shark and ray biodiversity and ecosystem services, limiting livelihoods and food security.
Harnessing gut microbes for glycan detection and quantification
Authors: Modesto Jennifer L. , Pearce Victoria H. , Townsend Guy E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlycans facilitate critical biological functions and control the mammalian gut microbiota composition by supplying differentially accessible nutrients to distinct microbial subsets. Therefore, identifying unique glycan substrates that support defined microbial populations could inform therapeutic avenues to treat diseases via modulation of the gut microbiota composition and metabolism. However, examining heterogeneous glycan mixtures for individual microbial substrates is hindered by glycan structural complexity and diversity, which presents substantial challenges to glycomics approaches. Fortuitously, gut microbes encode specialized sensor proteins that recognize unique glycan structures and in-turn activate predictable, specific, and dynamic transcriptional responses. Here, we harness this microbial machinery to indicate the presence and abundance of compositionally similar, yet structurally distinct glycans, using a transcriptional reporter we develop. We implement these tools to examine glycan mixtures, isolate target molecules for downstream characterization, and quantify the recovered products. We assert that this toolkit could dramatically enhance our understanding of the mammalian intestinal environment and identify host-microbial interactions critical for human health.
Interaction between dry and hot extremes at a global scale using a cascade modeling framework
Authors: Mukherjee Sourav , Mishra Ashok Kumar , Zscheischler Jakob , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change amplifies dry and hot extremes, yet the mechanism, extent, scope, and temporal scale of causal linkages between dry and hot extremes remain underexplored. Here using the concept of system dynamics, we investigate cross-scale interactions within dry-to-hot and hot-to-dry extreme event networks and quantify the magnitude, temporal-scale, and physical drivers of cascading effects (CEs) of drying-on-heating and vice-versa, across the globe. We find that locations exhibiting exceptionally strong CE (hotspots) for dry-to-hot and hot-to-dry extremes generally coincide. However, the CEs differ strongly in their timescale of interaction, hydroclimatic drivers, and sensitivity to changes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum and background aridity. The CE of drying-on-heating in the hotspot locations reaches its peak immediately driven by the compounding influence of vapor pressure deficit, potential evapotranspiration, and precipitation. In contrast, the CE of heating-on-drying peaks gradually dominated by concurrent changes in potential evapotranspiration, precipitation, and net-radiation with the effect of vapor pressure deficit being strongly controlled by ecosystem isohydricity and background aridity. Our results help improve our understanding of the causal linkages and the predictability of compound extremes and related impacts.
Transcriptional vulnerabilities of striatal neurons in human and rodent models of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Matsushima Ayano , Pineda Sergio Sebastian , Crittenden Jill R. , Lee Hyeseung , Galani Kyriakitsa , Mantero Julio , Tombaugh Geoffrey , Kellis Manolis , Heiman Myriam , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStriatal projection neurons (SPNs), which progressively degenerate in human patients with Huntington’s disease (HD), are classified along two axes: the canonical direct-indirect pathway division and the striosome-matrix compartmentation. It is well established that the indirect-pathway SPNs are susceptible to neurodegeneration and transcriptomic disturbances, but less is known about how the striosome-matrix axis is compromised in HD in relation to the canonical axis. Here we show, using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data from male Grade 1 HD patient post-mortem brain samples and male zQ175 and R6/2 mouse models, that the two axes are multiplexed and differentially compromised in HD. In human HD, striosomal indirect-pathway SPNs are the most depleted SPN population. In mouse HD models, the transcriptomic distinctiveness of striosome-matrix SPNs is diminished more than that of direct-indirect pathway SPNs. Furthermore, the loss of striosome-matrix distinction is more prominent within indirect-pathway SPNs. These results open the possibility that the canonical direct-indirect pathway and striosome-matrix compartments are differentially compromised in late and early stages of disease progression, respectively, differentially contributing to the symptoms, thus calling for distinct therapeutic strategies.
Ion sieving in graphene oxide membrane enables efficient actinides/lanthanides separation
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Huang Liqin , Dong Xue , Wu Tong , Qing Qi , Chen Jing , Lu Yuexiang , Xu Chao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeparation of actinides from lanthanides is of great importance for the safe management of nuclear waste and sustainable development of nuclear energy, but it represents a huge challenge due to the chemical complexity of these f-elements. Herein, we report an efficient separation strategy based on ion sieving in graphene oxide membrane. In the presence of a strong oxidizing reagent, the actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am) in a nitric acid solution exist in the high valent and linear dioxo form of actinyl ions while the lanthanides (Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, etc.) remain as trivalent/tetravalent spheric ions. A task-specific graphene oxide membrane with an interlayer nanochannel spacing between the sizes of hydrated actinyl ions and lanthanides ions is tailored and used as an ionic cut-off filter, which blocks the larger and linear actinyl ions but allows the smaller and spheric lanthanides ions to penetrate through, affording lanthanides/actinides separation factors up to ~400. This work realizes the group separation of actinides from lanthanides under highly acidic conditions by a simple ion sieving strategy and highlights the great potential of utilizing graphene oxide membrane for nuclear waste treatment.
Network segregation and the propagation of misinformation
Authors: Stein Jonas , Keuschnigg Marc , van de Rijt Arnout 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow does the ideological segregation of online networks impact the spread of misinformation? Past studies have found that homophily generally increases diffusion, suggesting that partisan news, whether true or false, will spread farther in ideologically segregated networks. We argue that network segregation disproportionately aids messages that are otherwise too implausible to diffuse, thus favoring false over true news. To test this argument, we seeded true and false informational messages in experimental networks in which subjects were either ideologically integrated or segregated, yielding 512 controlled propagation histories in 16 independent information systems. Experimental results reveal that the fraction of false information circulating was systematically greater in ideologically segregated networks. Agent-based models show robustness of this finding across different network topologies and sizes. We conclude that partisan sorting undermines the veracity of information circulating on the Internet by increasing exposure to content that would otherwise not manage to diffuse.