bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are claims of cheap muon production correct?
Authors: Hansen Klavs , Engelen Jos 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Muon catalyzed fusion is a process, whereby isotopes of hydrogen undergo nuclear fusion thanks to a muon replacing an electron bringing the nuclei within fusion distance. The muon is then ejected and can facilitate a next fusion process. ‘Break even’ has not been achieved yet in spite of the optimization of isotope mixtures and initial muon energy. A main limiting factor is the muon lifetime and the cost in energy of accelerator-based muon production. The possibilities would receive an immense boost toward practical applications if a cheap muon source could be constructed. We challenge a recent publication claiming to have constructed a very intense, yet very ‘cheap’ muon source.

Main text
A recent publication in this journal (Holmlid in Energ Sustain 12:14, 2022, 10.1186/s13705-022-00338-4) promotes the idea that such a source has been constructed and demonstrated. The suggestion is based on a long series of articles by the same author as main investigator. They all center around a spectacular new aggregation state of hydrogen, so called ultra-dense hydrogen (UDH). The claims in the article (Holmlid in Energ Sustain 12:14, 2022, 10.1186/s13705-022-00338-4), as well as in the previous articles, are based on speculations going far beyond the experiments they purport to explain, and on a striking disregard of very well-established facts, both concerning conservation laws, elementary quantum mechanics and the phase diagrams of hydrogen. There are strong arguments why the claimed muon production does not occur and that the suggested evidence for it is a collection of instrumental artefacts.

Conclusion
The muon source suggested by Holmlid (Energ Sustain 12:14, 2022, 10.1186/s13705-022-00338-4) does not produce any muons.
Unique microbial landscape in the human oropharynx during different types of acute respiratory tract infections
Authors: Li Hui , Wu Xiaorong , Zeng Hong , Chang Bozhen , Cui Ying , Zhang Jingxiang , Wang Ruixia , Ding Tao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Secondary bacterial infections and pneumonia are major mortality causes of respiratory viruses, and the disruption of the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota is a crucial component of this process. However, whether this URT dysbiosis associates with the viral species (in other words, is viral type-specific) is unclear.

Results
Here, we recruited 735 outpatients with upper respiratory symptoms, identified the infectious virus types in 349 participants using multiplex RT-PCR, and profiled their upper respiratory microbiome using the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and metagenomic gene sequencing. Microbial and viral data were subsequently used as inputs for multivariate analysis aimed at revealing viral type-specific disruption of the upper respiratory microbiota. We found that the oropharyngeal microbiota shaped by influenza A virus (FluA), influenza B virus (FluB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human rhinovirus (HRV) infections exhibited three distinct patterns of dysbiosis, and Veillonella was identified as a prominent biomarker for any type of respiratory viral infections. Influenza virus infections are significantly correlated with increased oropharynx microbiota diversity and enrichment of functional metabolic pathways such as L-arginine biosynthesis and tetracycline resistance gene tetW. We used the GRiD algorithm and found the predicted growth rate of common respiratory pathogens was increased upon influenza virus infection, while commensal bacteria, such as Streptococcus infantis and Streptococcus mitis, may act as a colonization resistance to the overgrowth of these pathogens.

Conclusions
We found that respiratory viral infections are linked with viral type-specific disruption of the upper respiratory microbiota, particularly, influenza infections uniquely associated with increased microbial diversity and growth rates of specific pathogens in URT. These findings are essential for clarifying the differences and dynamics of respiratory microbiota in healthy participants and acute respiratory viral infections, which contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of viral-host-bacterial interactions to provide insights into future studies on effective prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections.
Comparative study of ovarian development in wild and captive-reared long-whiskered Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Kabir Muhammad Anamul , Iqbal Mohammed Mahbub , Nandi Shishir Kumar , Khanam Mahbuba , Sumon Md Afsar Ahmed , Tahiluddin Albaris B. , Kari Zulhisyam Abdul , Wei Lee Seong , Téllez-Isaías Guillermo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLong-whiskered catfishSperata aoris a freshwater catfish known for its supreme flesh quality and fast growth, whose captive-reared broodstock denotes a difficult challenge for aquaculture. The reproductive dysfunctions in long-whiskered catfish raised in tank conditions were observed by comparing tissue biochemical composition and ovarian histology of wild female broodstock. Sixty (60) female broodstocks were used in the current study, consisting of 30 reared at sandy-muddy soil tank bottoms in captive conditions and 30 wild individuals collected from the haor basin during the breeding season. The fish reproductive state was investigated using the biometric and reproductive parameters, biochemical composition and levels of amino acids in the different tissues, and histological analysis of ovarian development. Results revealed that the biometrical parameters of wild and captive female broodstocks exhibited no remarkable difference (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the wild fish had remarkably higher (p < 0.05) GSI (8.73%), oocyte weight (0.45 mg/egg), and ripeness (27.08%) in comparison with captive-reared broodstock. The total length and body weight, body weight and ovary weight, ovipositor diameter and ovary weight, and GSI and HSI displayed a positive relationship with R2 = 1, R2 = 1, R2 = 0.993, and R2 = 0.973, respectively, for wild broodstock, while R2 = 0.994, R2 = 0.806, R2 = 0.804, and R2 = 0.896, respectively, for captive broodstock. Additionally, the proximate composition in oocytes and liver tissues in both broodstocks did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). However, two essential amino acids (EAA), i.e., lysine and phenylalanine, and two non-essential amino acids, i.e., glutamic acid and glycine, were highly significant differences (p < 0.05) in the oocytes and liver of wild broodstock compared to the captive-reared broodstock. On the other hand, the EAA, e.g., isoleucine, threonine, leucine, and arginine, were highly dominated in both wild and captive female brood oocytes and liver. The ovarian histological slides from each fish group showed three oocytes developmental stages that indicated the asynchronous-reproductive ovarian oocytes of this fish. This study may be useful to fully understand the factors affecting the spawning and reproduction ofS. aorbroodstock, crucial for management in captive conditions as well as conservation and protection for sustainable aquaculture management ofS. aor.
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: I. Reimagining Maintenance of Certification to promote lifelong learning
Authors: Rottman Benjamin M. , Caddick Zachary A. , Nokes-Malach Timothy J. , Fraundorf Scott H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUntil recently, physicians in the USA who were board-certified in a specialty needed to take a summative test every 6–10 years. However, the 24 Member Boards of the American Board of Medical Specialties are in the process of switching toward much more frequent assessments, which we refer to aslongitudinal assessment. The goal of longitudinal assessments is to provide formative feedback to physicians to help them learn content they do not know as well as serve an evaluation for board certification. We present five articles collectively covering the science behind this change, the likely outcomes, and some open questions. This initial article introduces the context behind this change. This article also discusses various forms of lifelong learning opportunities that can help physicians stay current, including longitudinal assessment, and the pros and cons of each.
Chronic epidural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Agada Nicaise Kpègnon , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran , Dossou Mèhomè Wilfried , Badirou Omar Boladji Adébayo , Clement Emeka Alfred , Obame Fresnel Lutèce Ontsi , Lawson Laté Dzidoula , Murhega Romeo Bujiriri , Nyalundja Arsène Daniel , Togbenon Nukunté David Lionel , Alihonou Thierry , Dokponou Yao Christian Hugues 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Epidural hematoma constitutes a common condition in neuro-traumatology. If its acute form is well known, the chronic one remains less described.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical presentations, management, and outcomes of chronic epidural hematoma.

Methodology
Systematic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were performed from a database searching for all studies reporting chronic epidural hematoma. Pooled statistics were calculated using measures of central tendency and spread. The rank correlation test and the regression test, using the standard error of the observed outcomes as predictor, are used to check for funnel plot asymmetry.

Results
A total of 3009 studies were identified, of which 95 were included with 359 patients. Chronic epidural hematoma (CEDH) was more common at the intracranial level than spinal level (91.9% vs 8.1%). The average age of onset was 37.2 ± 4.83 years. The common cause found was trauma (n = 279; 77.72%) with 271 (97.1%) cases for the head and 8 (2.9%) cases for the spine. The mean delay between the trauma and the first symptoms was 13.32 ± 1.73 days in intracranial level and 16.38 ± 2.49 days in spinal level. CT scan constituted the main diagnosis tool. The lesion was predominantly located in the temporal region at the intracranial level and lumbar region at the spinal level. Craniotomy and laminectomy constituted the most reported treatment option, respectively, at the intracranial and spinal level. The outcome was commonly uneventful. Correlation and regression tests for publication bias assessment show no significant funnel plot asymmetry with high p value (p = 0.8458 and p = 0.9596, respectively).

Conclusion
CEDH was commonly related to trauma. Its treatment was mostly surgical at both sites.
Gene co-expression network construction and analysis for identification of genetic biomarkers associated with glioblastoma multiforme using topological findings
Authors: Redekar Seema Sandeep , Varma Satishkumar L. , Bhattacharjee Atanu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant types of central nervous system tumors. GBM patients usually have a poor prognosis. Identification of genes associated with the progression of the disease is essential to explain the mechanisms or improve the prognosis of GBM by catering to targeted therapy. It is crucial to develop a methodology for constructing a biological network and analyze it to identify potential biomarkers associated with disease progression.

Methods
Gene expression datasets are obtained from TCGA data repository to carry out this study. A survival analysis is performed to identify survival associated genes of GBM patient. A gene co-expression network is constructed based on Pearson correlation between the gene’s expressions. Various topological measures along with set operations from graph theory are applied to identify most influential genes linked with the progression of the GBM.

Results
Ten key genes are identified as a potential biomarkers associated with GBM based on centrality measures applied to the disease network. These genes are SEMA3B, APS, SLC44A2, MARK2, PITPNM2, SFRP1, PRLH, DIP2C, CTSZ, and KRTAP4.2. Higher expression values of two genes, SLC44A2 and KRTAP4.2 are found to be associated with progression and lower expression values of seven gens SEMA3B, APS, MARK2, PITPNM2, SFRP1, PRLH, DIP2C, and CTSZ are linked with the progression of the GBM.

Conclusions
The proposed methodology employing a network topological approach to identify genetic biomarkers associated with cancer.
Development of decision-making system measuring the resilience level of highway projects
Authors: Nipa Thahomina Jahan , Kermanshachi Sharareh , Pamidimukkala Apurva 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe recent increase in the frequency and intensity of disasters has damaged and disrupted transportation infrastructures, thereby significantly increasing the economic losses and slowing the pace of recovery. Resilient infrastructures ensure functionality with minimal discontinuity, but there currently exists rarely a tool for assessing the resilience level of existing transportation infrastructures so that the information can be used to make future constructions more resilient. This study aims to identify the significant dimensions for measuring the resilience of transportation infrastructures and to utilize the dimensions to develop a decision-making tool that can be used to assess the level of resilience. A survey supported by a comprehensive literature review was conducted, and statistical tests were performed on the collected data. It was found that network characteristics (length of the link, number of lanes, number of optional routes, etc.), organizational characteristics (time to start reconstruction work, knowledge of the employee, resilience measurement experience, etc.), and information related to data (previous data availability and data accessibility, etc.) have major impacts on the resilience of transportation infrastructures. Based on the impact of statistically significant indicators, a resilience measurement tool was developed that provides a relative resilience score for projects and reveals how each statistically significant dimension affects the resilience. The outcome of this study will help decision-makers and practitioners prioritize their projects for resilience enhancement activities and provide funding accordingly.
Function and molecular mechanism analysis of CaLasSDE460 effector involved in the pathogenesis of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” in citrus
Authors: Wang Shuai , Du Meixia , Dong Liting , Qu Rongrong , Ran Danlu , Ma Juanjuan , Wang Xuefeng , Xu Lanzhen , Li Weimin , He Yongrui , Zou Xiuping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCitrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), is the most serious disease worldwide. CaLasSDE460 was previously characterized as a potential virulence factor of CaLas. However, the function and mechanism of CaLasSDE460 involved in CaLas against citrus is still elusive. Here, we showed that transgenic expression of CaLasSDE460 in Wanjincheng oranges (C. sinensis Osbeck) contributed to the early growth of CaLas and the development of symptoms. When the temperature increased from 25 °C to 32 °C, CaLas growth and symptom development in transgenic plants were slower than those in WT controls. RNA-seq analysis of transgenic plants showed that CaLasSDE460 affected multiple biological processes. At 25 °C, transcription activities of the “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” and “Cyanoamino acid metabolism” pathways increased while transcription activities of many pathways decreased at 32 °C. 124 and 53 genes, separately annotated to plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK signaling pathways, showed decreased expression at 32 °C, compared with these (38 for plant-pathogen interaction and 17 for MAPK signaling) at 25 °C. Several important genes (MAPKKK14, HSP70b, NCED3 and WRKY33), remarkably affected by CaLasSDE460, were identified. Totally, our data suggested that CaLasSDE460 participated in the pathogenesis of CaLas through interfering transcription activities of citrus defense response and this interfering was temperature-dependent.
Graphical Abstract
Global youth perspectives on digital health promotion: a scoping review
Authors: Ferretti Agata , Hubbs Shannon , Vayena Effy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
As digital technology presents the potential to enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of health promotion campaigns, adolescents and young adults are an important target population. Young people are establishing behaviors that will contribute to the quality of their health later in life, and thus understanding their particular perspectives and receptivity to digital technologies for health promotion is crucial. With this review we aimed to synthesize the published literature reporting perspectives on digital health promotion (DHP) from adolescents and young adults worldwide.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review of the literature on five research databases. We included papers which defined a target population of young people, and encompassed qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. Two independent reviewers thematically analyzed the included publications and provided both a quantitative and a narrative synthesis of the views of youth (namely opportunities and concerns) on digital health promotion.

Results
We retrieved and analyzed 50 studies which met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The large majority of these studies were conducted in high-income countries, while only a few collected the perspectives of youth in low- or middle-income countries. Findings revealed the importance of certain technology features, such as user interface design, as well as the significance of lack of personalization or user experience friction, for example, as deterrents to engagement with DHP tools. Ethically relevant aspects, such as those related to privacy or scientific reliability of the tools, did not receive much attention from youth. Yet, DHP for particularly sensitive areas of health elicited more frequent concerns about data security and evidence of effectiveness.

Conclusions
Young people express distinct opinions and preferences concerning the use of digital technologies for health promotion. Our review identified a general appreciation and receptivity on the part of adolescents and young adults towards these technologies, even when taking potential risks into account.
Bose-Einstein condensates with Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling: An overview
Authors: Martone Giovanni Italo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Since their first realization more than a decade ago spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates have been the subject of intense theoretical and experimental investigations. Spin-orbit coupling deeply modifies the equilibrium properties of the condensate, giving rise to novel configurations such as a supersolid stripe phase and a phase-separated plane-wave state. At the level of dynamics, both the frequency and the nature of the collective modes are significantly affected by the coupling with the spin degree of freedom. Here we review some of the most relevant advances in the field and provide our perspective on possible future research directions.
Predicting Subsequent Injury after Being Cleared to Return to Work from Initial Lumbar or Lower Extremity Injury
Authors: RHON DANIEL I. , PLISKY PHILLIP J. , KIESEL KYLE , GREENLEE TINA A. , BULLOCK GARRETT S. , SHAFFER SCOTT W. , GOFFAR STEPHEN L. , TEYHEN DEYDRE S. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a model to predict re-injury after being cleared to return to full duty from an initial injury.

Methods
This was a prediction model derivation cohort study. Military service members cleared for unrestricted full duty after sustaining a musculoskeletal injury were enrolled from three large military hospitals. Medical history, demographics, psychological profile, physical performance (Y-Balance Test™, Functional Movement Screen™, Selective Functional Movement Assessment, triple hop, closed chain ankle dorsiflexion, 2-mile run, 75% bodyweight carry time), and past injury history were assessed. Monthly text messages, medical records and limited duty databases were used to identify injuries resulting in time lost from work in the following year.

Results
Four hundred fifty participants (65 females), ages 18 to 45 yr were analyzed. Fifteen variables were included in the final model. The area under the curve was 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.80), indicating good performance. The calibration score of the model was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.30) indicating very good performance. With an injury incidence in our cohort of 38.0%, the treat all net benefit was 0.000, and the net benefit of our predictive model was 0.251. This means 25 additional soldiers out of every 100 were correctly identified as high risk for injury compared with not using a prediction model at all.

Conclusions
This multivariable model accurately predicted injury risk after returning for full duty and was better than not using a prediction model at all (an additional 25 of every 100 tactical athletes were correctly identified). This model provides guidance for proper decision making about when these individuals are not ready to return to full duty, with higher risk of a subsequent injury.
Intersection of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Concussion Recovery among NCAA Student-Athletes: A CARE Consortium Study
Authors: BOLTZ ADRIAN J. , MEMMINI ALLYSSA K. , BRETT BENJAMIN L. , SNEDDEN TRACI R. , YENGO-KAHN AARON M. , CHANDRAN AVINASH , CONWAY DARRYL P. , SHAH RUSHIL , PASQUINA PAUL F. , MCALLISTER THOMAS W. , MCCREA MICHAEL A. , MASTER CHRISTINA L. , BROGLIO STEVEN P. ,   CARE CONSORTIUM INVESTIGATORS†
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The objectives of this study are to 1) describe collegiate student-athlete (SA) race and household income and 2) evaluate time to normal academic performance (i.e., return to learn (RTL)), initiation of the return to play (iRTP) protocol, RTP protocol duration, and time to unrestricted RTP (URTP) after sustaining sport-related concussion (SRC).

Methods
Data were collected between 2014 and 2020 by the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium. Baseline data were used to characterize participant demographics (N = 22,819) and post-SRC outcomes (n = 5485 SRC) in time to RTL (n = 1724) and RTP outcomes (n = 2646) by race. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests examined differences across race by demographic and injury characteristics. Kaplan–Meier curves estimated median days to RTL, iRTP protocol, RTP protocol completion, and URTP by race and covariate measures. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the effect of race on risk of RTL and RTP recovery time points.

Results
SA largely identified as White (75%) followed by Black (14%), multiracial (7%), and Asian (3%). More than half (53%) of all SA reported a household income of >$120,000, whereas 41% of Black SA reported a household income <$60,000. Race was not associated with relative risk of RTL or iRTP but was associated with RTP protocol completion and URTP. Non-Black/non-White SA were 17% less likely (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.83; 95% confidence interval = 0.71, 0.97) to complete the RTP protocol, and Black SA were 17% more likely (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.17; 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 1.31) to reach the URTP time point compared with White SA.

Conclusions
The present findings suggest collegiate SA enrolled in the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium are primarily White and come from household incomes well above the US median. Race was not associated with RTL or iRTP but was associated with RTP protocol duration and total time to URTP. Clinicians should be conscientious of how their implicit or preconceived biases may influence SRC management among National Collegiate Athletic Association SA.