bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubble-assisted leptogenesis
Authors: Chun Eung Jin , Dutka Tomasz P. , Jung Tae Hyun , Nagels Xander , Vanvlasselaer Miguel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explore the possibility of embedding thermal leptogenesis within a first-order phase transition (FOPT) such that RHNs remain massless until a FOPT arises. Their sudden and violent mass gain allows the neutrinos to become thermally decoupled, and the lepton asymmetry generated from their decay can be, in principle, free from the strong wash-out processes that conventional leptogenesis scenarios suffer from, albeit at the cost of new washout channels. To quantify the effect of this enhancement, we consider a simple setup of a classically scale-invariant B − L potential, which requires three RHNs with similar mass scales, in the “strong-washout” regime of thermal leptogenesis. Here we find that parameter space which requires MN ~ 1011 GeV without bubble assistance is now predicted at MN ~ 5 × 109 GeV suggesting a sizeable reduction from bubble effects. We numerically quantify to what extent such a framework can alleviate strong-washout effects and we find the lower bound on the RHN mass, MN ~ 107 GeV, below which bubble-assisted leptogenesis cannot provide an enhancement. We also study the signature possibly observable at GW terrestrial interferometers and conclude that bubble-assisted leptogenesis models with relatively light masses, MN ≲ 5 × 109 GeV may be probable.
Five or more gender‐ and size‐diverse customizations of distal femur prostheses are needed to improve fit for Chinese knees
Authors: Chen Song , Zheng Zhenxin , Guo Jinku , Hong Shengkun , Zhou Weijun , Xie Jun , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeMismatch between partial imported prostheses and Chinese anatomy affects the clinical outcome of the procedure. The purpose of this study was to measure the anatomical dimensions of Chinese distal femurs to provide guidance for the design of more compatible distal femoral prostheses.MethodsA total of 406 healthy distal femurs were reconstructed and measured. Consistency of these measurements and differences in sides, gender, and populations were examined. Parameter correlations were analyzed, and pairs with strong correlations underwent linear regression analysis. The design of distal femoral prostheses was referenced from the results of K‐means and hierarchical clustering analysis.ResultsTen parameters were measured, including the trans‐epicondylar axis, width of the distal femur (ML), anteroposterior diameter of the distal femur (AP), etc. The intra‐class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.795 to 0.999 for intra‐observer consistency, and from 0.796 to 0.998 for inter‐observer consistency. Males exhibited significantly larger parameters than females, except for the posterior condylar angle (all P values < 0.05). Compared to other populations, substantial differences were observed for most parameters, such as ML, AP, width of lateral femoral condyle, etc. (all P values < 0.05). Clustering analysis suggested that distal femoral prostheses should include at least five sizes to adequately accommodate the sampled population. ML sizes for males were 68, 70, 83, 73, and 89 mm, and for females 64, 65, 71, 67, and 77 mm. AP sizes for males were 56, 60, 60, 64, and 64 mm, and for females 48, 52, 54, 57, and 58 mm.ConclusionsChinese distal femur morphology, as analyzed using 3D techniques, varies significantly between genders and when compared with international data. For improved patient fit, the creation of five or more distal femur prostheses, diversified by gender and size and informed by the associated morphological parameters, is recommended.Level of evidenceIV.
Perioperative periprosthetic femur fracture associated with direct anterior total hip arthroplasty using metaphyseal fit and fill stem
Authors: Washburn Frederic , Mushaben Jacob , Eichenseer Clayton , Sanderson Brent , Tran Britni , Golden Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This study aims to identify radiographic and clinical risk factors of perioperative periprosthetic femur fracture associated with the direct anterior approach (DAA) using a metaphyseal fit and fill stem. We hypothesize stem malalignment with this femoral implant places increased stress on the medial calcar region, which leads to an increased risk of periprosthetic fracture.

Methods
We compared patients with periprosthetic femur fractures following DAA total hip arthroplasty (THA) utilizing the Echo Bi-Metric Microplasty Stem (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN) to a cohort of patients who did not sustain a periprosthetic fracture from five orthopedic surgeons over four years. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated for stem alignment, neck cut level, Dorr classification, and the presence of radiographic pannus. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. Demographic and categorical variables were also analyzed.

Results
Fourteen hips sustained femur fractures, including nine Vancouver B2 and five AG fractures. Valgus stem malalignment, proud stems, extended offset, and patients with enlarged radiographic pannus reached statistical significance for increased fracture risk. Low femoral neck cut showed a trend toward statistical significance.

Conclusion
Patients undergoing DAA THA using a metaphyseal fit and fill stem may be at increased risk of perioperative periprosthetic fracture when the femoral stem sits proudly in valgus malalignment with extended offset and when an enlarged pannus is seen radiographically. This study identifies a specific pattern in the Vancouver B2 fracture cohort with regard to injury mechanism, time of injury, and fracture pattern, which may be attributed to coronal malalignment of the implant.
A comprehensive overview of carbon dioxide, including emission sources, capture technologies, and the conversion into value-added products
Authors: Eldesouki Mohammed H. , Rashed Ahmed E. , El-Moneim Ahmed Abd 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide is both the planet’s enemy and friend since it maintains the balance of the planet as this gas retains some of the radiant energy that the planet receives. Thus, it keeps the Earth’s heat, without which the Earth would be unbearably cold. However, the increase in the quantity of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere contributes to the exacerbation of global warming. CO2 is mainly produced from the processes of combustion of fuel and petroleum, as well as from the breathing process of living organisms. This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of carbon dioxide, including the main sources of emissions that resulted in negative effects, as well as the various ways to control these emissions by conducting a separation process during fuel combustion in power plants and preventing the release of large quantities into the atmosphere. Finally, an objective viewpoint on how to benefit from separated carbon dioxide and turn it into highly valuable products is presented. Given that this is a global problem that affects our planet, this review links other literature that deals with each part separately, and thus it presents a clear and comprehensive vision that enables the reader to be aware of carbon dioxide gas from all perspectives, concluding with future studies that are required to prevent an increase in negative effects in order to preserve the quality of life in our planet.
Graphical abstract
Serum concentration–guided intravenous magnesium sulfate administration for neuroprotection in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective evaluation of a 12-year single-center experience
Authors: Wipplinger C. , Cattaneo A. , Wipplinger T. M. , Lamllari K. , Semmler F. , Geske C. , Messinger J. , Nickl V. , Beez A. , Ernestus R.-I. , Pham M. , Westermaier T. , Weiland J. , Stetter C. , Kunze E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDelayed cerebral infarction (DCI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The benefits of magnesium sulfate as an alternative treatment are controversial, and most previous studies examined its benefits only as adjunctive treatment to traditional nimodipine. We retrospectively analyzed aSAH patients records with magnesium sulfate between 2010 and 2021. We aimed for a serum magnesium concentration of 2–2.5 mmol/l between post-hemorrhage days 3 and 12. The patients were separated in three groups based on average serum magnesium concentration (magnesium >2 mmol/l, reduced magnesium 1.1–1.9 mmol/l, and no magnesium). Additionally, we assessed delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) and clinical outcome at follow-up, using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), categorized in favorable (0–3) and unfavorable outcome (4–5). In this analysis, 548 patients were included. Hereof, radiological evidence of DCI could be found in 23.0% (n = 126) of patients. DCI rates were lower if patients’ average serum magnesium was higher than 2 mmol/l (magnesium 18.8%, n = 85; reduced magnesium 38.3%, n = 23; no magnesium 51.4%, n = 18; p < 0.001). Also, at the last follow-up, patients in the group with a higher serum magnesium concentration had better outcome (favorable outcome: magnesium 64.7%, n = 293; reduced magnesium 50.0%, n = 30; no magnesium 34.3%, n = 12; p < 0.001). This 12-year study reveals the value of serum concentration-guided magnesium administration in aSAH patients. Our findings demonstrate the safety and efficacy when titrated to a serum concentration of 2–2.5 mmol/l. We observed higher rates of delayed cerebral infarction and unfavorable outcomes in patients with serum concentrations below 2 mmol/l.
Investigating Balloon-Vessel Contact Pressure Patterns in Angioplasty: In Silico Insights for Drug-Coated Balloons
Authors: Stratakos Efstathios , Antonini Luca , Poletti Gianluca , Berti Francesca , Tzafriri Abraham R. , Petrini Lorenza , Pennati Giancarlo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDrug-Coated Balloons have shown promising results as a minimally invasive approach to treat stenotic arteries, but recent animal studies have revealed limited, non-uniform coating transfer onto the arterial lumen. In vitro data suggested that local coating transfer tracks the local Contact Pressure (CP) between the balloon and the endothelium. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate in silico how different interventional and device parameters may affect the spatial distribution of CP during the inflation of an angioplasty balloon within idealized vessels that resemble healthy femoral arteries in size and compliance. An angioplasty balloon computational model was developed, considering longitudinal non-uniform wall thickness, due to its forming process, and the folding procedure of the balloon. To identify the conditions leading to non-uniform CP, sensitivity finite element analyses were performed comparing different values for balloon working length, longitudinally varying wall thickness, friction coefficient on the balloon-vessel interface, vessel wall stiffness and thickness, and balloon-to-vessel diameter ratio. Findings indicate a significant irregularity of contact between the balloon and the vessel, mainly affected by the balloon’s unfolding and longitudinal thickness variation. Mirroring published data on coating transfer distribution in animal studies, the interfacial CP distribution was maximal at the middle of the balloon treatment site, while exhibiting a circumferential pattern of linear peaks as a consequence of the particular balloon-vessel interaction during unfolding. A high ratio of balloon-to-vessel diameter, higher vessel stiffness, and thickness was found to increase significantly the amplitude and spatial distribution of the CP, while a higher friction coefficient at the balloon-to-vessel interface further exacerbated the non-uniformity of CP. Evaluation of balloon design effects revealed that the thicker tapered part caused CP reduction in the areas that interacted with the extremities of the balloon, whereas total length only weakly impacted the CP. Taken together, this study offers a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the irregularity of balloon-tissue contact, a key step toward uniformity in drug-coating transfer and potential clinical effectiveness.
Effects of Electrode Position Targeting in Noninvasive Electromyography Technologies for Finger and Hand Movement Prediction
Authors: Wang Michelle , Khundrakpam Budhachandra , Vaughan Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Stroke patients may need to undergo rehabilitation therapy to improve their mobility. Electromyography (EMG) can be used to improve the effectiveness of at-home therapy programs, as it can assess recovery progress in the absence of a health professional. In particular, EMG armbands have the advantage of being easy to use compared to other EMG technologies, which could allow patients to complete therapy programs without external assistance. However, it is unclear whether there are drawbacks associated with the fixed electrode placement imposed by current armband designs. This study compared the hand gesture prediction capabilities of an off-the-shelf EMG armband with fixed electrode placement and an EMG setup with flexible electrode positioning.

Methods
Ten able-bodied participants performed a series of hand and finger gestures with their dominant hand, once with an EMG armband (Untargeted condition) and once with electrodes deliberately placed on specific muscles (Targeted condition). EMG features were extracted from overlapping sliding windows and were used to (1) classify the gestures and (2) predict finger joint positions as measured by a robotic hand exoskeleton.

Results
For the classification task, a logistic regression model performed significantly better ($$p < 0.001$$

p
<
0.001

) for the Targeted condition ($$55.8\% \pm 10.1\%$$

55.8
%
±
10.1
%

) compared to the Untargeted condition ($$47.9\% \pm 11.6\%$$

47.9
%
±
11.6
%

). For the regression task, a k-nearest neighbours model obtained significantly lower ($$p = 0.007$$

p
=
0.007

) mean RMSE values for the Targeted condition ($$0.260 \pm 0.037$$

0.260
±
0.037

) compared to the Untargeted condition ($$0.270 \pm 0.043$$

0.270
±
0.043

).

Conclusion
We observed a trade-off between predictive accuracy and ease-of-use of the EMG devices used in this study. It is important to consider such a trade-off when developing clinical applications such as at-home stroke rehabilitation therapy programs.
Unsupervised machine learning and multi-seismic attributes for fault and fracture network interpretation in the Kerry Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Ismail Amir , Radwan Ahmed A. , Leila Mahmoud , Abdelmaksoud Ahmed , Ali Moamen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnsupervised machine learning using an unsupervised vector quantization neural network (UVQ-NN) integrated with meta-geometrical attributes as a novel computation process as opposed to traditional methodologies is currently used effectively in the 3D seismic structural interpretation for high-resolution detection of fault patterns, fracture network zones, and small-scale faults (SSFs). This technology has a crucial role in locating prospective well sites and building a 3D structural model while saving time and cost. The innovation of the current workflow involves combining geostatistical and structural filtering, optimal geometrical seismic attributes, UVQ-NN for automatic major faults, fracture network zones, and SSFs volumes extraction due to the unavailability of well logs and cores. To sharpen the fault edges and discontinuities, a steered volume was first extracted. Structural filters were then applied to the 3D volume, first with a dip-steered median filter (DSMF), followed by a dip-steered diffusion filter (DSDF), and finally, both DSMF and DSDF were combined to generate the fault enhancement filter (FEF). After that, optimal geometrical attributes were computed and extracted, such as similarity, FEF on similarity, maximum curvature, polar dip, fracture density, and thinned fault likelihood (TFL) attributes. Finally, selected attributes were inserted as the input layer to the UVQ-NN to generate segmentation and matching volumes. On the other hand, the TFL was used with the voxel connectivity filter (VCF) for 3D automatic fault patches extraction. The results from the UVQ-NN and VCF identified the locations, orientations, and extensions of the main faults, SSFs, and fracture networks. The implemented approach is innovative and can be employed in the future for the identification, extraction, and classification of geological faults and fracture networks in any region of the world.
Generating Virtual Training Labels for Crop Classification from Fused Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Time Series
Authors: Teimouri Maryam , Mokhtarzade Mehdi , Baghdadi Nicolas , Heipke Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown results superior to most traditional image understanding approaches in many fields, incl. crop classification from satellite time series images. However, CNNs require a large number of training samples to properly train the network. The process of collecting and labeling such samples using traditional methods can be both, time-consuming and costly. To address this issue and improve classification accuracy, generating virtual training labels (VTL) from existing ones is a promising solution. To this end, this study proposes a novel method for generating VTL based on sub-dividing the training samples of each crop using self-organizing maps (SOM), and then assigning labels to a set of unlabeled pixels based on the distance to these sub-classes. We apply the new method to crop classification from Sentinel images. A three-dimensional (3D) CNN is utilized for extracting features from the fusion of optical and radar time series. The results of the evaluation show that the proposed method is effective in generating VTL, as demonstrated by the achieved overall accuracy (OA) of 95.3% and kappa coefficient (KC) of 94.5%, compared to 91.3% and 89.9% for a solution without VTL. The results suggest that the proposed method has the potential to enhance the classification accuracy of crops using VTL.
Research on the Process of Dispersing the Bullet by a Large-Size Gasbag with Multiple Inlet Nozzles Based on the Fluid–Structure Interaction Method
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Rui , Jiang Kun , Song Daquan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo meet the needs of the airborne dispenser to disperse large-mass bullets, the dispersal system of large-size gasbag with multiple inlet nozzles was designed and built. The rationality and feasibility of the dispersal system were verified by the experimental study of the interior ballistic process. On this basis, the fluid–structure interaction method was used to simulate and analyze the process of the gasbag propelling the bullet when the number of inlet nozzles is different. The calculation results show that the final shape of the expanded gasbag is pillow shaped, and wrinkles appear at the ends of the long side and in the middle of the short side of the gasbag. The stress at the wrinkles is relatively large, and the stress on the wall of the gasbag with three inlet nozzles is greater than that on the wall of the gasbag with two inlet nozzles. Affected by the changes of flow field in the gasbag and the deformation of the gasbag, the process of the gasbag propelling the bullet is divided into two stages, and there are also two large fluctuation peaks during the change of the acceleration of the bullet. Moreover, the expansion process of gasbag with two inlet nozzles lags behind that of the gasbag with three inlet nozzles, and the maximum acceleration and separation velocity of the bullet are also relatively reduced by 2% and 3%, respectively.
Maximizing the output power for electric vehicles charging station powered by a wind energy conversion system using tip speed ratio
Authors: Kawashty Amro A. , Abdellatif Sameh O. , Ebrahim Gamal A. , Ghali Hani A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of tip speed ratio (TSR) as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique on energy conversion for wind-powered electric vehicles (EVs) charging stations. The data for 14 different models of (EVs) as well as the energy demand profile for El Sherouk city in new Cairo, Egypt, is used in the study. Those vehicles represent the models that are most likely to be used according to the nature of the Egyptian market from economic and technological concerns. This includes range, battery capacity, battery technology and charging methods. charging can be in the form of fast DC, three phases which are suitable for commercial charging stations or a single phase charging suitable for residential use. A simulation is done using MATLAB/Simulink for a wind turbine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) system including TSR MPPT algorithm. The energy output is compared with and without implementing the MPPT algorithms to measure the difference in energy. The system simulation optimized by the TSR MPPT algorithm shows an increase in the energy yield by 41.68%. The economic analysis showed a 30% reduction in the levelized cost of energy while utilizing the TSR concerning a bare system without an MPPT algorithm.
In silico identification of new potential inhibitors of quorum sensing by Gram-positive bacteria through specialized molecular docking
Authors: Obaid Najla A. , Alkhudhir Najd Ahmad , Mojally Mariam , Abou Rehab Mohammed , Albohy Amgad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuorum sensing is the process by which bacterial cells can communicate by producing substances to regulate viable processes such as gene expression, virulence, and biofilm formation. Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis have specific enzymes (autoinducers) that control the quorum sensing system. Sortase A is a surface protein that regulates virulence and cell‒cell communication in Gram-positive bacteria. To interfere with this system and reduce virulence and cell‒cell communication, quorum sensing inhibitors are used, which are nonantibiotic substances. In this study, we aimed to use Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs (analgesics and antipsychotics) and investigate their activity using molecular docking and microbiological assays against both quorum sensing in Gram-positive S. aureus and E. faecalis. This study investigated the quorum sensing inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid and trifluoperazine and evaluated their affinity to the active site of SrtA (PDB:1t2w) using AutoDock Vina software. Agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed to experimentally validate the quorum sensing inhibitor activity of acetylsalicylic acid and trifluoperazine. Molecular docking illustrated that acetylsalicylic acid and trifluoperazine have high affinity as quorum sensing inhibitors in both S. aureus and E. faecalis. However, only acetylsalicylic acid showed inhibition activity at 1000 µg/ml in E. faecalis and at 250 µg/ml by the agar well diffusion method in S. aureus. The high affinity of these quorum sensing inhibitors, as presented by the molecular docking and inhibition of growth experiments, are indications of their ability to act as quorum sensing inhibitors and as promising synergistic with nonantibiotic drugs to treat infection.