bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of common effluent treatment plant for management of industrial wastewater: Case study of Bangladeshi textile industries
Authors: Shefa Jannatul , Xames Md Doulotuzzaman , Hasan Ahmed Atik , Talapatra Subrata 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTextile industries play a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh contributing significantly to its gross domestic product. However, they are associated with high environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Since small‐scale textile industries cannot afford the treatment cost of discharged wastewater, they tend to contaminate water sources—both groundwater and surface water. To intervene in response to this situation, the existing treatment system was assessed in the present study. The effluents from industries under this research were analyzed for color, pH, TSS, TDS, chlorides, sulfates, COD, BOD, and total hardness. A Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) with zero liquid discharge was suggested as a solution. It was observed that the water recovery in the proposed scheme by reverse osmosis and salt recovery using nanofiltration were 90%–95% and 80%–90%, respectively. Cost analysis also indicated that the cost of treating water can also be decreased by 18.7% which can show that water recovery is even more affordable for small‐scale industries. Finally, a linear programming model was developed to assist the industries with decision‐making in the selection of treatment schemes. This research revealed that a CETP using zero liquid discharge technology is a potential solution to the environmental crisis due to industrial wastewater discharge. This could ensure reduced water pollution, increased drinking water availability, improved public health, and thus could be a potential driver for environmental sustainability.
Occurrence of tuberculosis among people exposed to cattle in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Shamim , Haider Najmul , Islam Ariful , Hossain Muhammad Belal , Hossain Kamal , Mafij Uddin Mohammad Khaja , Rahman Arfatur , Ahmed Syed Sayeem Uddin , Banu Sayera , Rahim Zeaur , Heffelfinger James D. , Zeidner Nord 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) has been an important public health concern in Bangladesh. The most common cause of human TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while bovine TB is caused by Mycobacterium bovis.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the frequency of TB in individuals with occupational exposure to cattle and to detect Mycobacterium bovis among cattle in slaughterhouses in Bangladesh.MethodsBetween August 2014 and September 2015, an observational study was conducted in two government chest disease hospitals, one cattle market, and two slaughterhouses. [Correction added on 27 June 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the year “2014” has been added after the word “August”.] Sputum samples were collected from individuals who met the criteria for suspected TB and had been exposed to cattle. Tissue samples were collected from cattle that had low body condition score(s). Both humans and cattle samples were screened for acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl–Neelsen (Z‐N) staining and cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Region of difference (RD) 9‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed to identify Mycobacterium spp. We also conducted Spoligotyping to identify the specific strain of Mycobacterium spp.ResultsSputum was collected from a total of 412 humans. The median age of human participants was 35 (IQR: 25–50) years. Twenty‐five (6%) human sputum specimens were positive for AFB, and 44 (11%) were positive for MTC by subsequent culture. All (N = 44) culture‐positive isolates were confirmed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis by RD9 PCR. Besides, 10% of cattle workers were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the cattle market. Of all TB (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) infected individuals, 6.8% of individuals were resistant to one or two anti‐TB drugs. The majority of the sampled cattle (67%) were indigenous breeds. No Mycobacterium bovis was detected in cattle.ConclusionsWe did not detect any TB cases caused by Mycobacterium bovis in humans during the study. However, we detected TB cases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in all humans, including cattle market workers.
Insertional biceps tendinopathy palliated successfully with intra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide injection in a dog: A case report
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Ah‐Young , Kang Byung‐Jae 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis report describes a dog diagnosed with insertional biceps tendinopathy that was palliated with intra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide injections. The patient was a 6‐year‐old spayed female Chihuahua dog that had left thoracic limb lameness for 3 months before presentation. On physical examination, moderate pain was elicited by performing the biceps test and isolated full elbow extension on the left thoracic limb. Gait analysis showed asymmetrical peak vertical force and vertical impulse between thoracic limbs. Computed tomography (CT) revealed enthesophyte formation on the ulnar tuberosity of the left elbow joint. Ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous fibre pattern at the biceps tendon insertion site on the left elbow joint. These findings confirmed insertional biceps tendinopathy based on physical examination, CT and ultrasonography results. The dog received an intra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide injection with hyaluronic acid in the left elbow joint. Clinical signs improved after the first injection, including a range of motion, pain and gait. A second injection was given in the same manner because of recurring mild lameness 3 months later. No clinical signs were observed during the follow‐up period.
Higher derivative contributions to black hole thermodynamics at NNLO
Authors: Ma Liang , Pang Yi , Lü H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In an effective theory of gravity, thermodynamic quantities of black holes receive corrections from the infinite series of higher derivative terms. At the next to leading order, these can be obtained by using only the leading order solution. In this paper, we push forward this property to the next to next to leading order. We propose a formula which yields the Euclidean action of asymptotically flat black holes at the next to next to leading order using only the solution up to and including the next to leading order. Other conserved quantities are derived from the Euclidean action via standard thermodynamic relation. We verify our formula in examples of D-dimensional pure gravity and Einstein-Maxwell theory extended by 4- and 6-derivative terms. Based on our formula, we also prove that for asymptotically flat black holes, the physical quantities are invariant under field redefinitions.
Discovery prospects of a light charged Higgs near the fermiophobic region of Type-I 2HDM
Authors: Bhatia Disha , Desai Nishita , Dwivedi Siddharth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Determining if the SM-like Higgs is part of an extended Higgs sector is the most important question to be asked after discovery. A light charged Higgs boson with mass smaller than the sum of top and bottom quarks is naturally allowed in Type-I two Higgs doublet model and can be produced in association with neutral scalars for large parts of parameter space at the LHC. Such low mass charged scalars typically have dominant decays to the fermionic modes viz. τν and cs. However in the presence of light neutral scalar (φ), the charged Higgs boson has a substantial branching fraction into the bosonic decay modes H±→ W(*)φ. Identifying the heavier neutral Higgs (H) with the observed 125 GeV Higgs and working in the limit $$ {M}_{H^{\pm }}\approx {M}_A $$

M

H
±

≈

M
A

, we examine charged Higgs production and decay in the bosonic mode pp → H±h → W(∗)hh. The presence of two light Higgses (h) is then the key to identifying charged Higgs production. The light Higgs branching ratio is largely dominated by the $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

mode except when close to the fermiophobic limit. Here, the rates into $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

and γγ can be comparable and we can use the $$ \gamma \gamma b\overline{b} $$
γγb

b
¯

signature. This signature is complementary to the hh → 4γ which has been previously discussed in literature. Using the lepton from the W boson, we demonstrate with a cut-and-count analysis that both the new light neutral Higgs as well as charged Higgs can be probed with reasonable significance at 13.6 TeV LHC with 300-3000 fb−1 of integrated luminosity.
Singular anisotropic elliptic equations with gradient-dependent lower order terms
Authors: Brandolini Barbara , Cîrstea Florica C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe prove the existence of weak solutions for a general class of Dirichlet anisotropic elliptic problems of the form $$\begin{aligned}{\mathcal {A}} u+\Phi (x,u,\nabla u)=\Psi (u,\nabla u)+\mathfrak Bu +f \end{aligned}$$

A
u
+
Φ
(
x
,
u
,
∇
u
)
=
Ψ
(
u
,
∇
u
)
+
B
u
+
f

on a bounded open subset $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

$$(N\ge 2)$$

(
N
≥
2
)

, where $$f\in L^1(\Omega )$$

f
∈

L
1

(
Ω
)

is arbitrary. Our models are $$ \mathcal Au=-\sum _{j=1}^N \partial _j (|\partial _j u|^{p_j-2}\partial _j u)$$

A
u
=
-

∑

j
=
1

N

∂
j

(
|

∂
j

u

|

p
j

-
2

∂
j

u
)

and $$\Phi (u,\nabla u)=\left( 1+\sum _{j=1}^N {\mathfrak {a}}_j |\partial _j u|^{p_j}\right) |u|^{m-2}u$$

Φ

(
u
,
∇
u
)

=

1
+

∑

j
=
1

N

a
j

|

∂
j

u
|

p
j

|
u
|

m
-
2

u

, with $$m,p_j>1$$

m
,

p
j

>
1

,$${\mathfrak {a}}_j\ge 0$$

a
j

≥
0

for $$1\le j\le N$$

1
≤
j
≤
N

and $$\sum _{k=1}^N (1/p_k)>1$$

∑

k
=
1

N

(
1
/

p
k

)

>
1

. The main novelty is the inclusion of a possibly singular gradient-dependent term $$\Psi (u,\nabla u)=\sum _{j=1}^N |u|^{\theta _j-2}u\, |\partial _j u|^{q_j}$$

Ψ

(
u
,
∇
u
)

=

∑

j
=
1

N

|
u
|

θ
j

-
2

u

|

∂
j

u
|

q
j

, where $$\theta _j>0$$

θ
j

>
0

and $$0\le q_j<p_j$$

0
≤

q
j

<

p
j

for $$1\le j\le N$$

1
≤
j
≤
N

. Under suitable conditions, we prove the existence of solutions by distinguishing two cases: 1) for every $$1\le j\le N$$

1
≤
j
≤
N

, we have $$\theta _j> 1$$

θ
j

>
1

and 2) there exists $$1\le j\le N$$

1
≤
j
≤
N

such that $$\theta _j\le 1$$

θ
j

≤
1

. In the latter situation, assuming that $$f \ge 0$$

f
≥
0

a.e. in $$\Omega $$
Ω
, we obtain non-negative solutions for our problem.
Educational experiences and needs of students in out-of-home care: a Delphi study
Authors: Berger Emily , Baidawi Susan , D’Souza Levita , Mendes Philip , Morris Sarah , Bollinger Jenna , Purtell Jade 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNumerous studies show that children and young people in out-of-home care (OOHC) face significant disadvantage in completing high school and accessing post-secondary education. The current research involved a two-round Delphi survey which aimed to identify educational challenges and school reforms to improve the educational experiences of children and young people in OOHC. A total of 45 participants from three OOHC stakeholder groups (carers of children in OOHC, professionals/educators, and young people with lived experience of OOHC) completed the round one survey which consisted of open-ended questions analysed using thematic analysis. In the second survey round, 19 participants completed a Likert scale questionnaire which drew on themes from the round one thematic analysis. Using a consensus threshold of 70% for the round two survey, participants agreed that students in OOHC face a myriad of educational challenges, such as dealing with a history of trauma, frequent home and school transitions, mental health issues and stigma as a result of being in OOHC. It was agreed that teachers lack knowledge and experience, and schools lack support for students in OOHC. Stakeholders recommended provision of greater mental health support, coordination of services and more autonomy for OOHC students regarding their education.
Green transition and environmental quality: an evolutionary approach
Authors: Cavalli Fausto , Moretto Enrico , Naimzada Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe propose a model for exploring the feasibility and effectiveness of a green transition from dirty to clean technologies. It relies on an evolutionary framework for the technology selection that accounts for the environmental domain dynamics, in terms of pollution evolution. A regulator charges an environmental tax to the producers, and the agents can choose between the less profitable clean technology and the more profitable dirty one, which, however, is taxed to a greater extent with respect to the clean one. The environmental tax depends endogenously on the level of pollution, which rises because of the producers’ emissions. The pollution stock also naturally decays, and can be abated by involving the resources collected from the taxation. We analytically study the resulting two-dimensional model from both statically and dynamically, to understand under what conditions the green transition can take place and results in an improvement for the environmental quality. We show that excessive over-taxation of the dirty technology may be not beneficial, as steady state pollution level can increase above a certain taxation threshold and multiple steady states can emerge. Moreover, dynamics can result in persistent endogenous oscillations that systematically lead to a significant increase in pollution levels. Finally, we discuss the economic rationale for the results also in the light of possible policy suggestions.
Peri-Net-Pro: the neural processes with quantified uncertainty for crack patterns
Authors: Kim M. , Lin G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a deep learning tool based on neural processes (NPs) called the Peri-Net-Pro, to predict the crack patterns in a moving disk and classifies them according to the classification modes with quantified uncertainties. In particular, image classification and regression studies are conducted by means of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and NPs. First, the amount and quality of the data are enhanced by using peridynamics to theoretically compensate for the problems of the finite element method (FEM) in generating crack pattern images. Second, case studies are conducted with the prototype microelastic brittle (PMB), linear peridynamic solid (LPS), and viscoelastic solid (VES) models obtained by using the peridynamic theory. The case studies are performed to classify the images by using CNNs and determine the suitability of the PMB, LBS, and VES models. Finally, a regression analysis is performed on the crack pattern images with NPs to predict the crack patterns. The regression analysis results confirm that the variance decreases when the number of epochs increases by using the NPs. The training results gradually improve, and the variance ranges decrease to less than 0.035. The main finding of this study is that the NPs enable accurate predictions, even with missing or insufficient training data. The results demonstrate that if the context points are set to the 10th, 100th, 300th, and 784th, the training information is deliberately omitted for the context points of the 10th, 100th, and 300th, and the predictions are different when the context points are significantly lower. However, the comparison of the results of the 100th and 784th context points shows that the predicted results are similar because of the Gaussian processes in the NPs. Therefore, if the NPs are employed for training, the missing information of the training data can be supplemented to predict the results.
Brain pericytes in culture display diverse morphological and functional phenotypes
Authors: Brown Lachlan S. , King Natalie E. , Courtney Jo-Maree , Gasperini Robert J. , Foa Lisa , Howells David W. , Sutherland Brad A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPericytes play several important functions in the neurovascular unit including contractile control of capillaries, maintenance of the BBB, regulation of angiogenesis, and neuroinflammation. There exists a continuum of pericyte subtypes along the vascular tree which exhibit both morphological and transcriptomic differences. While different functions have been associated with the pericyte subtypes in vivo, numerous recent publications have used a primary human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP) cell line where this pericyte heterogeneity has not been considered. Here, we used primary HBVP cultures, high-definition imaging, cell motility tracking, and immunocytochemistry to characterise morphology, protein expression, and contractile behaviour to determine whether heterogeneity of pericytes also exists in cultures. We identified five distinct morphological subtypes that were defined using both qualitative criteria and quantitative shape analysis. The proportion of each subtype present within the culture changed as passage number increased, but pericytes did not change morphological subtype over short time periods. The rate and extent of cellular and membrane motility differed across the subtypes. Immunocytochemistry revealed differential expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) across subtypes. αSMA is essential for cell contractility, and consequently, only subtypes with high αSMA expression contracted in response to physiological vasoconstrictors endothelin-1 (ET1) and noradrenaline (NA). We conclude that there are distinct morphological subtypes in HBVP culture, which display different behaviours. This has significance for the use of HBVP when modelling pericyte physiology in vitro where relevance to in vivo pericyte subtypes along the vascular tree must be considered.
Graphical abstract
Climate-related migration and the climate-security-migration nexus in the Central American Dry Corridor
Authors: Huber Jona , Madurga-Lopez Ignacio , Murray Una , McKeown Peter C. , Pacillo Grazia , Laderach Peter , Spillane Charles 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Central American Dry Corridor (CADC) is among the most climate-vulnerable regions worldwide. Climate change, commonly referred to as a “threat multiplier” of pre-existing socioeconomic issues, already undermines rural livelihoods by reducing agricultural yields and income opportunities. This paper provides a review of climate-related migration in the CADC region while identifying the specific pathways by which climate change manifests itself as a threat multiplier to migration. Different forms of human mobility (seasonal/temporal/permanent and internal/international migration) are increasingly attempted as adaptation strategies by affected households to diversify incomes and offset climate impacts. Preferred intra-regional migrant destinations tend to be less climate-vulnerable and also less violent. Notably, climate change is not isolated from socioeconomic and political migration drivers. Erosion of rural livelihoods reduces the costs of engaging in illicit coping strategies (e.g., illegal crop production) and simultaneously favours rapid urbanisation, which is linked to (forced) gang recruitment, primarily affecting the youth. These processes contribute to extraordinarily high violence levels, which are a major push factor for migration on their own, ultimately challenging state authority. Moreover, as outmigration from the region is projected to increase, the observed securitisation of borders, particularly along the USA-Mexico border and the Mexico-Guatemala border, while unfit to limit migration attempts, make migration more desperate and dangerous, allowing organised crime to step in and exploit migration as an economic undertaking. Thus, for the CADC, the depoliticised and simplistic narrative of migration serving as adaptation must be questioned. Policy coherence and state capacity for addressing climate-security-migration nexus challenges are critical needs.
The role of technological resources in the reputation of vocational education schools
Authors: Peñate Araceli Hidalgo , Padrón-Robaina Víctor , Nieves Julia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The low reputation of vocational education in Spain requires schools to reconsider this type of education by taking advantage of its key resources and developing dynamic capabilities. Using structural equation modelling, this study analyses the impact of technological resources on two categories of dynamic capabilities: sensing capability and innovativeness, as well as the effect of these two capabilities on reputation, in a representative sample of vocational schools in tourism in Spain, with the key informants being the staff responsible for the degree (i.e., director, vice-director, head of studies, etc.). The results show that the use of technological resources provides vocational schools with the necessary capabilities to explore trends in social demands and the job market and reduce the gap between academy and industry. The findings also reveal that innovativeness has a direct influence on the schools’ reputation. However, the opportunities for improvement detected through the sensing capability do not directly influence reputation; instead, they require a subsequent action, innovativeness, that favours their effective implementation.
Education in times of restriction: an examination of refugee girls’ and young women’s access to learning during COVID-19 school closures in Pakistan
Authors: Barnes Katrina , Ashlee Amy , Mukankusi Aimee , Pacitto Julia , Rabi Asma , Thomas Matt , Ullah Noor , Zazai Rozina , Zhao Annette 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the extent to which refugee girls and young women were able to access learning during COVID-19 education closures in Pakistan, and the role that EdTech played in their learning access. It is based on findings from a survey with 403 Afghan refugee students, along with in-depth interviews with six young female refugees. The research shows that, while the majority of female refugee students were able to continue accessing education in some form during school closures, learning access was nevertheless limited, and a sizable minority were not engaged in any learning during this time. Teacher and institutional support was either absent or inadequate for many students, and infrastructure and devices that serve to support remote learning were not always reliable or accessible. Although male respondents were less likely than females to engage in independent study during the closures, refugee girls and young women were significantly less likely than their male counterparts to own the devices they needed for learning. The findings demonstrate how targeted investment in specific types of EdTech and teacher professional development, as well as supporting educational institutions in the establishment of remote learning opportunities, could help sustain learning during future periods of educational restriction.