bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Pelepah Pisang Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Varissa Sri Dea , Bahri Syamsul , Zulnazri Zulnazri , Kurniawan Eddy , Za Nasrul Za 
Published: July 2023

Hand sanitizer merupakan salah satu bahan antiseptik berupa gel yang sering digunakan masyarakat sebagai media pencuci tangan yang praktis. Penggunaan hand sanitizer lebih efektif dan efisien bila dibanding dengan menggunakan sabun dan air sehingga masyarakat banyak yang tertarik menggunakannya. Antiseptik atau hand sanitizer bila digunakan terus menerus dapat berbahaya dan mengakibatkan iritasi hingga menimbulkan rasa terbakar pada kulit. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencegah iritasi pada kulit dalam pembuatan hand sanitizer menggunakan ekstrak pelepah pisang yang mengandung flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang bersifat antibakteri dengan penambahan alkohol kurang dari 65% dan triklosan. Penelitian yang pernah dilakukan terdahulu adalah memanfaatkan pelepah pisang daun sedangkan untuk penelitian ini menggunakan pelepah pisang yang di dapat dari batang pisang, lalu pada penelitian sebelumnya hanya berbentuk perasan (air) tetapi pada penelitian yang dilakukan sekarang di ubah menjadi bentuk gel supaya bisa bertahan lebih lama. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui uji organoleptik dengan parameter warna, aroma, pH dari hand sanitizer dalam bentuk gel berbahan pelepah pisang dengan penambahan alkohol dan triklosan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Faktor satu yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak pelepah (P), P1 = 5 mL, P2 = 5,5 mL, P3 = 6 mL dan faktor dua yaitu perbandingan alkohol dan triklosan (A), A1 = 3 mL: 2g, A2 = 2 mL: 1,75 g, A3 = 1 mL: 1,5 g. Hasil uji organoleptik warna putih susu dan aroma berbau khas pisang yang paling pekat terdapat pada perlakuan P2A3 dan P3A2 pH pada semua perlakuan bervariasi antara 6-7 tergantung formulasi. Kata Kunci : Alkohol, Ekstrak Pelepah Pisang, Gel, Hand Sanitizer, Triklosan
Evaluación fisicoquímica de harina de col morada (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) para usos alternos
Authors: Vázquez-García J.A. , Piloni-Martini J. , Quintero-Lira A. , Soto-Simental S. , Ocampo-López J. 
Published: July 2023

La col morada (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) es originaria de Europa y actualmente se produce con normalidad en la mayoría de los países europeos, principalmente en Francia e Italia, así como en África y en Asia. Es una hortaliza que se utiliza para su consumo en fresco o guisada en la elaboración de diversos platillos, además de ser ampliamente recomendada por su aporte nutrimental. Su composición química es muy rica en agua teniendo alrededor de un 90%, es baja en carbohidratos y fibra con un 4 y 1% respectivamente, en cuanto a proteína aporta entre 2-3% y en lípidos presenta un bajo contenido, además sobresalen los compuestos bioactivos, en donde los antioxidantes hidrofílícos son responsables de más del 89 % de la capacidad antioxidante total. Estas características y propiedades nutrimentales la hacen objeto de interés para que pueda tener diferentes aplicaciones en una amplia variedad de productos, es por esto que el presente trabajo se interesó en aplicar un método de conservación por deshidratado obteniendo una harina, realizándole un análisis fisicoquímico para poder evaluar su composición posterior al tratamiento y considerar futuras aplicaciones.
Características físicas, fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de granos de cacao (Theobroma cacao) variedad FTA-4 cosechado en el departamento de Arauca evaluado en condiciones de fermentación y secado variables.
Authors: Armenta Roncancio Jhon Esteban , Olarte Lopez Davinson Fabian , Rincon Jhon Alexander , Rodriguez Maria Patricia 
Published: July 2023

The new varieties of cocoa, such as the FTA-4 clone from the department of Arauca - Colombia, have an incipient scientific review, so it could evaluate the behavior of the benefit of beans. In the fermentation phase, the residence time of the grain was analyzed (4 days or 6 days) and during the drying operation the behavior against natural solar drying and assisted convective drying was observed, the response variables that were analyzed physical as % of well-fermented grains, grain index, variables of a physicochemical nature such as % of fat, of protein and total ashes, finally the sensory characteristics of flavor and aroma were evaluated allowed to generate the evaluation. An increased approval rate was obtained in grains that fermented for 6 days and whose drying was artificial (< 94% of well-fermented grains), in addition to the relationship between the factors is decisive to increase or decrease this parameter. The grain index was not significantly affected by the factors, it was constant at 1.96±0.013 g/grain. In the physicochemical section, statistical evidence was reported of the incidence of the type of drying and the fermentation time, in the concentration of both proteins and fat, being the best artificial drying for fermented cocoas for 4 days to increase the fat content (54.6 % w / w). The amount of cocoa bean protein increased in naturally dried beans from 6 days (11.51±0.071%) of fermentation without having a significant incidence of independent factors. Through a sensory analysis it was possible to identify the profile of the FTA-4 cocoa of Arauca, and evaluated in the variations of the different factors identifying that naturally dried and fermented beans for 6 days I highlight in the panel highlight less sensation of acid and bitter flavors and aromas that reduce the quality of cocoa in the production of chocolate.
Role of extracellular vesicles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Jiang Wei , Xu Youhui , Chen Jou-Chen , Lee Yi-Hung , Hu Yushin , Liu Chang-Hai , Chen Enqiang , Tang Hong , Zhang Hua , Wu Dongbo 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global population and is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. The lack of current noninvasive tools and efficient treatment is recognized as a significant barrier to the clinical management of these conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles released by various cells and deliver bioactive molecules to target cells, thereby mediating various processes, including the development of NAFLD.Scope of reviewThere is still a long way to actualize the application of EVs in NAFLD diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we summarize the roles of EVs in NAFLD and highlight their prospects for clinical application as a novel noninvasive diagnostic tool as well as a promising therapy for NAFLD, owing to their unique physiochemical characteristics. We summarize the literatures on the mechanisms by which EVs act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, immune response, intestinal microecology, and fibrosis in NAFLD. We also discuss future challenges that must be resolved to improve the therapeutic potential of EVs.Major conclusionsThe levels and contents of EVs change dynamically at different stages of diseases and this phenomenon may be exploited for establishing sensitive stage-specific markers. EVs also have high application potential as drug delivery systems with low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility and can be easily engineered. Research on the mechanisms and clinical applications of EVs in NAFLD is in its initial phase and the applicability of EVs in NAFLD diagnosis and treatment is expected to grow with technological progress.
Mapping the tumor microenvironment in clear cell renal carcinoma by single-cell transcriptome analysis
Authors: Wang Yuxiong , Wang Yishu , Liu Bin , Gao Xin , Li Yunkuo , Li Faping , Zhou Honglan 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. To identify viable therapeutic targets, a comprehensive understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity is crucial. In this study, we conducted bioinformatic analysis to scrutinize single-cell RNA sequencing data of ccRCC tumor and para-tumor samples, aiming to elucidate the intratumoral heterogeneity in the ccRCC tumor microenvironment (TME).Methods: A total of 51,780 single cells from seven ccRCC tumors and five para-tumor samples were identified and grouped into 11 cell lineages using bioinformatic analysis. These lineages included tumor cells, myeloid cells, T-cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, indicating a high degree of heterogeneity in the TME. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis was performed to compare CNV frequencies between tumor and normal cells. The myeloid cell population was further re-clustered into three major subgroups: monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Differential expression analysis, gene ontology, and gene set enrichment analysis were employed to assess inter-cluster and intra-cluster functional heterogeneity within the ccRCC TME.Results: Our findings revealed that immune cells in the TME predominantly adopted an inflammatory suppression state, promoting tumor cell growth and immune evasion. Additionally, tumor cells exhibited higher CNV frequencies compared to normal cells. The myeloid cell subgroups demonstrated distinct functional properties, with monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells displaying diverse roles in the TME. Certain immune cells exhibited pro-tumor and immunosuppressive effects, while others demonstrated antitumor and immunostimulatory properties.Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity in the ccRCC TME and provides potential therapeutic targets for ccRCC treatment. The findings emphasize the importance of considering the diverse functional roles of immune cells in the TME for effective therapeutic interventions.
CETP inhibitor evacetrapib enters mouse brain tissue
Authors: Phénix Jasmine , Côté Jonathan , Dieme Denis , Recinto Sherilyn J. , Oestereich Felix , Efrem Sasen , Haddad Sami , Bouchard Michèle , Munter Lisa Marie 
Published: July 2023

High levels of plasma cholesterol, especially high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), have been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in plasma distributes cholesteryl esters between lipoproteins and increases LDL-C in plasma. Epidemiologically, decreased CETP activity has been associated with sustained cognitive performance during aging, longevity, and a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, pharmacological CETP inhibitors could be repurposed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease as they are safe and effective at lowering CETP activity and LDL-C. Although CETP is mostly expressed by the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, it is also expressed by astrocytes in the brain. Therefore, it is important to determine whether CETP inhibitors can enter the brain. Here, we describe the pharmacokinetic parameters of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib in the plasma, liver, and brain tissues of CETP transgenic mice. We show that evacetrapib crosses the blood–brain barrier and is detectable in brain tissue 0.5 h after a 40 mg/kg i.v. injection in a non-linear function. We conclude that evacetrapib may prove to be a good candidate to treat CETP-mediated cholesterol dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease.
Sex differences in pituitary corticotroph excitability
Authors: Duncan Peter J. , Romanò Nicola , Nair Sooraj V. , Murray Joanne F. , Le Tissier Paul , Shipston Michael J. 
Published: July 2023

Stress-related illness represents a major burden on health and society. Sex differences in stress-related disorders are well documented, with women having twice the lifetime rate of depression compared to men and most anxiety disorders. Anterior pituitary corticotrophs are central components of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, receiving input from hypothalamic neuropeptides corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), while regulating glucocorticoid output from the adrenal cortex. The dynamic control of electrical excitability by CRH/AVP and glucocorticoids is critical for corticotroph function; however, whether corticotrophs contribute to sexually differential responses of the HPA axis, which might underlie differences in stress-related disorders, is very poorly understood. Using perforated patch clamp electrophysiology in corticotrophs from mice expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the Pomc promoter, we characterized basal and secretagogue-evoked excitability. Both male and female corticotrophs show predominantly single-spike action potentials under basal conditions; however, males predominantly display spikes with small-amplitude (&lt;20 mV) afterhyperpolarizations (B-type), whereas females displayed a mixture of B-type spikes and spikes with a large-amplitude (&gt;25 mV) afterhyperpolarization (A-type). In response to CRH, or CRH/AVP, male cells almost exclusively transition to a predominantly pseudo-plateau bursting, whereas only female B-type cells display bursting in response to CRH±AVP. Treatment of male or female corticotrophs with 1 nM estradiol (E2) for 24–72 h has no effect on the proportion of cells with A- or B-type spikes in either sex. However, E2 results in the cessation of CRH-induced bursting in both male and female corticotrophs, which can be partially reversed by adding a BK current using a dynamic clamp. RNA-seq analysis of purified corticotrophs reveals extensive differential gene expression at the transcriptional level, including more than 71 mRNAs encoding ion channel subunits. Interestingly, there is a two-fold lower level (p &lt; 0.01) of BK channel pore-forming subunit (Kcnma1) expression in females compared to males, which may partially explain the decrease in CRH-induced bursting. This study identified sex differences at the level of the anterior pituitary corticotroph ion channel landscape and control of both spontaneous and CRH-evoked excitability. Determining the mechanisms of sex differences of corticotroph and HPA activity at the cellular level could be an important step for better understanding, diagnosing, and treating stress-related disorders.
Non-destructive monitoring method for leaf area of Brassica napus based on image processing and deep learning
Authors: Li Mengcheng , Liao Yitao , Lu Zhifeng , Sun Mai , Lai Hongyu 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionLeaves are important organs for photosynthesis in plants, and the restriction of leaf growth is among the earliest visible effects under abiotic stress such as nutrient deficiency. Rapidly and accurately monitoring plant leaf area is of great importance in understanding plant growth status in modern agricultural production.MethodIn this paper, an image processing-based non-destructive monitoring device that includes an image acquisition device and image process deep learning net for acquiring Brassica napus (rapeseed) leaf area is proposed. A total of 1,080 rapeseed leaf image areas from five nutrient amendment treatments were continuously collected using the automatic leaf acquisition device and the commonly used area measurement methods (manual and stretching methods).ResultsThe average error rate of the manual method is 12.12%, the average error rate of the stretching method is 5.63%, and the average error rate of the splint method is 0.65%. The accuracy of the automatic leaf acquisition device was improved by 11.47% and 4.98% compared with the manual and stretching methods, respectively, and had the advantages of speed and automation. Experiments on the effects of the manual method, stretching method, and splinting method on the growth of rapeseed are conducted, and the growth rate of rapeseed leaves under the stretching method treatment is considerably greater than that of the normal treatment rapeseed.DiscussionThe growth rate of leaves under the splinting method treatment was less than that of the normal rapeseed treatment. The mean intersection over union (mIoU) of the UNet-Attention model reached 90%, and the splint method had higher prediction accuracy with little influence on rapeseed.
Self-Aggregation, Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Ester-Bonded Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Salts: The Role of the Spacer
Authors: Liang Yaqin , Li Hui , Ji Jiahui , Wang Jiayu , Ji Yujie 
Published: July 2023

Five ester-bonded gemini quaternary ammonium surfactants C12-En-C12 (n = 2, 4, 6), with a flexible spacer group, and C12-Bm-C12 (m = 1, 2), with rigid benzene spacers, were synthesized via a two-step reaction and analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of the spacer structure, spacer length and polymerization degree on the self-aggregation, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of C12-En-C12 and C12-Bm-C12 and their corresponding monomer N-dodecyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride DTAC were investigated. The results showed that C12-En-C12 and C12-Bm-C12 had markedly lower critical micellar concentration (CMC) values and lower surface tension than DTAC. Moreover, the CMC values of C12-En-C12 and C12-Bm-C12 decreased with increasing spacer length. In the case of equivalent chain length, the rigidity and steric hindrance of phenylene and 1,4-benzenediyl resulted in larger CMC values for C12-Bm-C12 than for C12-En-C12. The antibacterial ability of C12-En-C12 and C12-Bm-C12 was assessed using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus albus (S. aureus) based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Furthermore, C12-En-C12 and C12-Bm-C12 exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than DTAC and had stronger function toward S. aureus than E. coli. The antimicrobial activity was enhanced by increasing the spacer chain length and decreased with the increased rigidity of the spacers. The cytotoxic effects of C12-En-C12 and C12-Bm-C12 in cultured Hela cells were evaluated by the standard CCK8 method based on half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The cytotoxicity of C12-En-C12 and C12-Bm-C12 was significantly lower than alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium) bromide surfactants and DTAC. The spacer structure and the spacer length could induce significant cytotoxic effects on Hela cells. These findings indicate that the five ester-bonded GQASs have stronger antibacterial activity and lower toxicity profile, and thus can be used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Le discours antinobiliaire en Espagne à la fin du XVIIIe et dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle
Authors: Pierre Arnaud 
Published: July 2023

Depuis au moins la fin du XVIIIe siècle, il existait en Espagne un courant d’opinion qui, s’il ne remettait pas en cause l’existence même de la noblesse, était très critique envers certains hidalgos, présentés comme oisifs, pauvres et inutiles à la société. Dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle, ce discours critique s’élargit à une dénonciation parfois virulente de « l’aristocratie », l’élite de l’ordre, assimilable aux détenteurs d’un titre de noblesse (titre de Castille). Si la critique n’est pas surprenante de la part des libéraux progressistes, elle l’est plus de la part des libéraux modérés ou de positionnements plus conservateurs. Ce travail, qui se veut une contribution à l’Histoire des cultures politiques espagnoles du premier XIXe siècle, présente le discours hostile à la noblesse durant cette période. Il s’agira de voir comment ce discours majoritaire orienta le libéralisme espagnol au moment où ses défenseurs organisaient la société issue de la révolution.
Ruiz Zorrilla y El Motín: la construcción de una legitimidad revolucionaria en la prensa satírica republicana durante la Restauración (1881-1895)
Authors: Higueras Castañeda Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla fue una de las principales referencias del movimiento republicano español en el último cuarto del siglo XIX. Tras ser desterrado en 1875, convirtió su prolongado exilio en la base de la imagen pública que trató de proyectar. En diálogo con la prensa y otros medios de comunicación, construyó un personaje que simbolizaba valores políticos relacionados con la virtud cívica y la masculinidad, como el sacrificio, la integridad, la determinación y la rebeldía. Estos valores, en el discurso del republicanismo radical, se sintetizaban en la idea de revolución. En este sentido, la prensa ilustrada jugó un papel esencial al concretar gráficamente estas ideas y difundirlas a gran escala, en un contexto de tránsito hacia la sociedad de masas. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar cómo los medios satíricos republicanos, con especial atención a la revista ilustrada El Motín, definieron la imagen Ruiz Zorrilla asociada a la legitimidad de la revolución republicana frente a una monarquía que representaba la reacción.
La représentation du genre au XIXe siècle. Masculinités dans le couple royal et la biographie de François d’Assise de Bourbon
Authors: Colás Loricera Félix 
Published: July 2023

Le couple royal formé par Isabelle II et François d’Assise est particulièrement intéressant en raison des dynamiques externes et internes qui, sous bien des aspects, ont marqué le devenir de la monarchie et de la société espagnoles. La dynamique interne est définie par « l’inversion » des rôles représentée par le fait qu’Isabelle est la monarque et François le consort, ainsi que par leurs personnalités contrastées. Isabelle a été largement étudiée sous cette perspective, tandis que François représente une étude de cas moins abordée mais tout aussi pertinente. En ce qui concerne les questions externes, la biographie de François d’Assise dans le contexte de son couple est marquée par la période de transition dans les notions de genre du XIXe siècle ainsi que par le passage d’une société traditionnelle-aristocratique à une société victorienne-bourgeoise ; une transition au cours de laquelle le couple est jugé par plusieurs strates de la société et à partir de différents points de vue et canons de comportement.
UPAYA PROMOSI KESEHATAN MELALUI PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI PIJAT OKSITOSIN DAN PIJAT MARMET TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU POSTPARTUM
Authors: Fitriasnani Meirna Eka , Prasetyanti Dhita Kris , Puspita Nara Lintan Mega , Himmah Fithri Rif'atul 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan : Air susu ibu dapat mencerdaskan dan meningkatkan kualitas generasi muda bangsa, setiap bayi yang diberi ASI akan mempunyai kekebalan alami terhadap penyakit karena ASI banyak mengandung antibodi, zat kekebalan aktif yang akan melawan masuknya infeksi ke dalam tubuh bayi. Produksi ASI yang tidak adekuat menyebabkan tidak terpenuhinya kebutuhan bayi dan kegagalan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh upaya promosi Kesehatan melalui pemberian kombiansi pijat oksitosin dan pijat marmet terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu postpartum. Metode : Rancangan penelitian menggunakan pre experimental dengan pendekatan one group pre test post test desain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu postpartum di PMB Evita Dwi Retno pada bulan Maret 2023. Sampel ibu postpartum di PMB Evita Dwi Retno sebanyak 16 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxon signed rank diketahui bahwa besarnya nilai p 0,001 lebih kecil dari nilai α = 0,05 (0,002 < 0,05) sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, artinya ada Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Pijat Oksitosin dan Pijat Marmet terhadap Produksi ASI pada ibu postpartum di Kelurahan Ngujang Kabupaten Tulungagung.Diskusi : Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh upaya promosi Kesehatan melalui pemberian kombiansi pijat oksitosin dan pijat marmet terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu postpartum di PMB Evita Dwi Retno Kelurahan Ngujang Kabupaten Tulungagung. Responden disarankan untuk memilih alternative peningkatan produksi ASI dengan menggunakan kombinasi pemberian pijat oksitosin dan pijat marmet.