bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of equatorial plasma bubble after the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Sori Takuya , Otsuka Yuichi , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi , Tsuda Takuo , Kumamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Matsuda Shoya , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuoka Ayako , Nakamura Satoko , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shinohara Iku 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEquatorial plasma bubbles are a phenomenon of plasma density depletion with small-scale density irregularities, normally observed in the equatorial ionosphere. This phenomenon, which impacts satellite-based communications, was observed in the Asia-Pacific region after the largest-on-record January 15, 2022 eruption of the Tonga volcano. We used satellite and ground-based ionospheric observations to demonstrate that an air pressure wave triggered by the Tonga volcanic eruption could cause the emergence of an equatorial plasma bubble. The most prominent observation result shows a sudden increase of electron density and height of the ionosphere several ten minutes to hours before the initial arrival of the air pressure wave in the lower atmosphere. The propagation speed of ionospheric electron density variations was ~ 480–540 m/s, whose speed was higher than that of a Lamb wave (~315 m/s) in the troposphere. The electron density variations started larger in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. The fast response of the ionosphere could be caused by an instantaneous transmission of the electric field to the magnetic conjugate ionosphere along the magnetic field lines. After the ionospheric perturbations, electron density depletion appeared in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere and extended at least up to ±25° in geomagnetic latitude.
Serotype and multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus suis from diseased pigs in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Ching-Fen , Chen Siou-Hui , Chou Chi-Chung , Wang Chao-Min , Huang Szu-Wei , Kuo Hung-Chih 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStreptococcus suis(S. suis) infection can cause clinically severe meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia and septicemia in pigs. To date, studies on the serotypes, genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility ofS. suisin affected pigs in Taiwan are rare. In this study, we comprehensively characterized 388S. suisisolates from 355 diseased pigs in Taiwan. The most prevalent serotypes ofS. suiswere serotypes 3, 7 and 8. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed 22 novel sequence types (STs) including ST1831-1852 and one new clonal complex (CC), CC1832. The identified genotypes mainly belonged to ST27, ST94 and ST1831, and CC27 and CC1832 were the main clusters. These clinical isolates were highly susceptible to ceftiofur, cefazolin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. The bacteria were prone to be isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid in suckling pigs with the majority belonging to serotype 1 and ST1. In contrast, ST28 strains that corresponded to serotypes 2 and 1/2 were more likely to exist in the lungs of growing-finishing pigs, which posted a higher risk for food safety and public health. This study provided the genetic characterization, serotyping and the most current epidemiological features ofS. suisin Taiwan, which should afford a better preventative and treatment strategy ofS. suisinfection in pigs of different production stages.
Robust multiple-scroll dynamics in memristive-based generator system
Authors: Adelakun A. O. , Odusote Y. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn-depth analysis of a novel multiple scroll memristive-based hyperchaotic system with no equilibrium is provided in this work. We identify a family of more complicated $$n\mathrm{th}$$

n
th

-order multiple scroll hidden attractors for a unique, enhanced 4-dimensional Sprott-A system. The system is particularly sensitive to initial conditions with coexistence and multistability of attractors when changing the associated parameters and the finite transient simulation time. The complexity (CO), spectral entropy (SE) algorithms, and 0-1 complexity characteristics was thoroughly discussed. On the other hand, the outcomes of the electronic simulation are validated by theoretical calculations and numerical simulations.
Diverse electrical responses in a network of fractional-order conductance-based excitable Morris-Lecar systems
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev K. , Mondal Argha , Kaslik Eva , Hens Chittaranjan , Antonopoulos Chris G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe diverse excitabilities of cells often produce various spiking-bursting oscillations that are found in the neural system. We establish the ability of a fractional-order excitable neuron model with Caputo’s fractional derivative to analyze the effects of its dynamics on the spike train features observed in our results. The significance of this generalization relies on a theoretical framework of the model in which memory and hereditary properties are considered. Employing the fractional exponent, we first provide information about the variations in electrical activities. We deal with the 2D class I and class II excitable Morris-Lecar (M-L) neuron models that show the alternation of spiking and bursting features including MMOs & MMBOs of an uncoupled fractional-order neuron. We then extend the study with the 3D slow-fast M-L model in the fractional domain. The considered approach establishes a way to describe various characteristics similarities between fractional-order and classical integer-order dynamics. Using the stability and bifurcation analysis, we discuss different parameter spaces where the quiescent state emerges in uncoupled neurons. We show the characteristics consistent with the analytical results. Next, the Erdös-Rényi network of desynchronized mixed neurons (oscillatory and excitable) is constructed that is coupled through membrane voltage. It can generate complex firing activities where quiescent neurons start to fire. Furthermore, we have shown that increasing coupling can create cluster synchronization, and eventually it can enable the network to fire in unison. Based on cluster synchronization, we develop a reduced-order model which can capture the activities of the entire network. Our results reveal that the effect of fractional-order depends on the synaptic connectivity and the memory trace of the system. Additionally, the dynamics captures spike frequency adaptation and spike latency that occur over multiple timescales as the effects of fractional derivative, which has been observed in neural computation.
Algorithm selection for protein–ligand docking: strategies and analysis on ACE
Authors: Chen Tianlai , Shu Xiwen , Zhou Huiyuan , Beckford Floyd A. , Misir Mustafa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates the use of algorithm selection for automatically choosing an algorithm for any given protein–ligand docking task. In drug discovery and design process, conceptualizing protein–ligand binding is a major problem. Targeting this problem through computational methods is beneficial in order to substantially reduce the resource and time requirements for the overall drug development process. One way of addressing protein–ligand docking is to model it as a search and optimization problem. There have been a variety of algorithmic solutions in this respect. However, there is no ultimate algorithm that can efficiently tackle this problem, both in terms of protein–ligand docking quality and speed. This argument motivates devising new algorithms, tailored to the particular protein–ligand docking scenarios. To this end, this paper reports a machine learning-based approach for improved and robust docking performance. The proposed set-up is fully automated, operating without any expert opinion or involvement both on the problem and algorithm aspects. As a case study, an empirical analysis was performed on a well-known protein, Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), with 1428 ligands. For general applicability, AutoDock 4.2 was used as the docking platform. The candidate algorithms are also taken from AutoDock 4.2. Twenty-eight distinctly configured Lamarckian-Genetic Algorithm (LGA) are chosen to build an algorithm set. ALORS which is a recommender system-based algorithm selection system was preferred for automating the selection from those LGA variants on a per-instance basis. For realizing this selection automation, molecular descriptors and substructure fingerprints were employed as the features characterizing each target protein–ligand docking instance. The computational results revealed that algorithm selection outperforms all those candidate algorithms. Further assessment is reported on the algorithms space, discussing the contributions of LGA’s parameters. As it pertains to protein–ligand docking, the contributions of the aforementioned features are examined, which shed light on the critical features affecting the docking performance.
Elevation in white blood cell count and development of hyper LDL cholesterolemia
Authors: Okutsu Shota , Kato Yoshifumi , Takeoka Hiroaki , Funakoshi Shunsuke , Maeda Toshiki , Yoshimura Chikara , Kawazoe Miki , Satoh Atsushi , Tada Kazuhiro , Takahashi Koji , Ito Kenji , Yasuno Tetsuhiko , Fujii Hideyuki , Mukoubara Shigeaki , Saku Keijiro , Kodama Shohta , Kawanami Daiji , Masutani Kosuke , Arima Hisatomi , Nabeshima Shigeki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between white blood cell (WBC) count and incidence of hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia in a population-based longitudinal study. This is a retrospective study using data of annual health check-ups for residents of Iki City, Japan. A total of 3312 residents (≥ 30 years) without hyper-LDL cholesterolemia at baseline were included in this analysis. Primary outcome was incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (LDL cholesterol levels ≥ 3.62 mmol/L and/or use of lipid lowering drugs). During follow-up (average 4.6 years), 698 participants development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (incidence 46.8 per 1000 person-years). Higher incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was observed among participants with higher leukocyte count (1st quartile group: 38.5, 2nd quartile group: 47.7, 3rd quartile group: 47.3, and 4th quartile group: 52.4 per 1,000 person-years, P = 0.012 for trend). Statistically significant relation was observed even after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol intake, leisure-time exercise, obesity, hypertension and diabetes: hazard ratio 1.24 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.54) for 2nd quartile group, 1.29 (1.03–1.62) for 3rd quartile group and 1.39 (1.10–1.75) for 4th quartile group, compared with 1st quartile group (P for trend = 0.006). Increased WBC count was related to incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in general Japanese population.
Cerium and samarium blocked antioxidant enzymes in wheat plants
Authors: Haghighi Amirhossein Kazemzadeh , Rezayian Maryam , Niknam Vahid , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Mirmasoumi Masoud 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work was conducted to study positive and negative impacts of cerium (Ce) and samarium (Sm) on two cultivars (Arta and Baharan) in wheat plant. Symbols of stress such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes, which may be complicated in the suppression responses of plants, were also studied. Wheat plants were exposed to 0, 2500, 5000, 7500, 10,000 and 15,000 μM of Ce and Sm for 7 days. The growth enhanced in plants treated with lesser Ce and Sm concentration (2500 μM) and declined in plants treated with upper concentrations as compared to untreated plants. The treatment with 2500 μM of Ce and Sm increased dry weigh in Arta by 68.42 and 20% and in Baharan by 32.14% and 27.3%. Thus, Ce and Sm had hormesis effect on growth in wheat plants. According to plant’s growth parameter patterns, Arta cultivar had more sensitive to Sm than to Ce, whereas Baharan cultivar had sensitive to Ce than to Sm. Our results indicated impact of Ce and Sm on proline accumulation depended on the dosage of Ce and Sm. It was observed that Ce and Sm accumulated in wheat plants at higher exposure doses. Increment of MDA content by Ce and Sm treatments showed that these metals caused oxidative stress in wheat plants. Ce and Sm blocked enzymatic antioxidant system (superoxide dismutases, peroxidase and polyphenol peroxidase) in wheat. In wheat plants treated with lower Ce and Sm concentrations higher amounts of non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolites were detected. Thus, we showed the potential negative impact of unsuitable utilization of REEs in plants and suggested growth and interruption in physiological and biochemical mechanisms as a possible factor to recognize the underlying toxicological processes.
Emerging sensing and modeling technologies for wearable and cuffless blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liang Cunman , Huang Yan , Zhou Guodong , Xiao Yiqun , Ji Nan , Zhang Yuan-Ting , Zhao Ni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide. For early diagnosis, intervention and management of CVDs, it is highly desirable to frequently monitor blood pressure (BP), a vital sign closely related to CVDs, during people’s daily life, including sleep time. Towards this end, wearable and cuffless BP extraction methods have been extensively researched in recent years as part of the mobile healthcare initiative. This review focuses on the enabling technologies for wearable and cuffless BP monitoring platforms, covering both the emerging flexible sensor designs and BP extraction algorithms. Based on the signal type, the sensing devices are classified into electrical, optical, and mechanical sensors, and the state-of-the-art material choices, fabrication methods, and performances of each type of sensor are briefly reviewed. In the model part of the review, contemporary algorithmic BP estimation methods for beat-to-beat BP measurements and continuous BP waveform extraction are introduced. Mainstream approaches, such as pulse transit time-based analytical models and machine learning methods, are compared in terms of their input modalities, features, implementation algorithms, and performances. The review sheds light on the interdisciplinary research opportunities to combine the latest innovations in the sensor and signal processing research fields to achieve a new generation of cuffless BP measurement devices with improved wearability, reliability, and accuracy.
Solving the explainable AI conundrum by bridging clinicians’ needs and developers’ goals
Authors: Bienefeld Nadine , Boss Jens Michael , Lüthy Rahel , Brodbeck Dominique , Azzati Jan , Blaser Mirco , Willms Jan , Keller Emanuela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a promising solution for addressing the implementation challenges of AI/ML in healthcare. However, little is known about how developers and clinicians interpret XAI and what conflicting goals and requirements they may have. This paper presents the findings of a longitudinal multi-method study involving 112 developers and clinicians co-designing an XAI solution for a clinical decision support system. Our study identifies three key differences between developer and clinician mental models of XAI, including opposing goals (model interpretability vs. clinical plausibility), different sources of truth (data vs. patient), and the role of exploring new vs. exploiting old knowledge. Based on our findings, we propose design solutions that can help address the XAI conundrum in healthcare, including the use of causal inference models, personalized explanations, and ambidexterity between exploration and exploitation mindsets. Our study highlights the importance of considering the perspectives of both developers and clinicians in the design of XAI systems and provides practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness and usability of XAI in healthcare.
Ligand impact on reactive oxygen species generation of Au10 and Au25 nanoclusters upon one- and two-photon excitation
Authors: Fakhouri Hussein , Bakulić Martina Perić , Zhang Issan , Yuan Hao , Bain Dipankar , Rondepierre Fabien , Brevet Pierre-François , Maršić Željka Sanader , Antoine Rodolphe , Bonačić-Koutecký Vlasta , Maysinger Dusica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn photodynamic therapy (PDT), light-sensitive photosensitizers produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation in the presence of oxygen. Atomically-precise thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters are molecule-like nanostructures with discrete energy levels presenting long lifetimes, surface biofunctionality, and strong near-infrared excitation ideal for ROS generation in PDT. We directly compare thiolate-gold macromolecular complexes (Au10) and atomically-precise gold nanoclusters (Au25), and investigate the influence of ligands on their photoexcitation. With the ability of atomically-precise nanochemistry, we produce Au10SG10, Au10AcCys10, Au25SG18, and Au25AcCys18 (SG: glutathione; AcCys: N-acetyl-cysteine) fully characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our theoretical investigation reveals key factors (energetics of excited states and structural influence of surface ligands) and their relative importance in singlet oxygen formation upon one- and two-photon excitation. Finally, we explore ROS generation by gold nanoclusters in living cells with one- and two-photon excitation. Our study presents in-depth analyses of events within gold nanoclusters when photo-excited both in the linear and nonlinear optical regimes, and possible biological consequences in cells.
Activating cavity by electrons
Authors: Cederbaum Lorenz S. , Fedyk Jacqueline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe interaction of atoms and molecules with quantum light as realized in cavities has become a highly topical and fast growing research field. This interaction leads to hybrid light-matter states giving rise to new phenomena and opening up pathways to control and manipulate properties of the matter. Here, we substantially extend the scope of the interaction by allowing free electrons to enter the cavity and merge and unify the two active fields of electron scattering and quantum-light-matter interaction. In the presence of matter, hybrid metastable states are formed at electron energies of choice. The properties of these states depend strongly on the frequency and on the light-matter coupling of the cavity. The incoming electrons can be captured by the matter inside the cavity solely due to the presence of the cavity. The findings are substantiated by an explicit example and general consequences are discussed.
Human milk phospholipid analog improved the digestion and absorption of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol
Authors: Wei Teng , Wu Yanping , Sun Yong , Deng Zeyuan , Li Jing 
Published: May 2023

HPLA mimics the phospholipid composition of human milk and improves the digestion and absorption of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol. In vitro digestion provides evidence to understand the process of in vivo digestion and absorption.
Studying X-ray instruments with galaxy clusters
Authors: Nevalainen J. , Molendi S. 
Published: May 2023

Aims. Our aim is to apply a scientific approach to the problem of the effective area cross-calibration of the XMM-Newton EPIC instruments. Using a sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton EPIC, we aim to quantify the effective area cross-calibration bias between the EPIC instruments as implemented in the public calibration database in November 2021 in the 0.5–6.1 keV energy band.
Methods. We tested two methods for evaluating the effective area cross-calibration bias for CCD-type X-ray instruments. Namely, we compared the evaluation of the cross-calibration bias by modelling it before the convolution of the spectral models with the redistribution matrix or by analysing the convolved products. We applied the methods to a sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton/EPIC instruments. We invested significant efforts in controlling and keeping the systematic uncertainties of the cross-calibration bias below 1%. The statistical uncertainties are similar, and thus we can reliably measure effects at the 1% level.XMM.
Results. On average, the two methods differ very little; the only difference in the cross-calibration bias is at the highest energies, and by maximum of 3%. The effective area cross-calibration in the 0.5-6.1 keV band between MOS and pn is biased at a substantial level. The MOS/pn bias is systematic, suggesting that the MOS (pn) effective area may be calibrated too low (high), by ~3–27% on average depending on the instrument and energy band. The excellent agreement between the energy dependences (i.e. shapes) of the effective area of MOS2 and pn suggest that they are correctly calibrated, within in the 0.5–4.5 keV band. Comparison with an independent dataset of point sources (3XMM) confirms this. The cluster sample indicates that the MOS1/pn effective area shape cross-calibration has an approximately linear bias amounting to a maximum of ~10% in the 0.5–1.5 keV band.
Conclusions. The effective area cross-calibration of XMM-Newton/EPIC instruments in November 2021 in the 0.5–1.5 keV band was relatively successful. However, the cluster-to-cluster rms scatter of the bias is substantial compared to the median bias itself. Thus, a statistically robust implementation of the cross-calibration uncertainties to a scientific analysis of XMM-Newton/EPIC data should include the propagation of the scatter to the best-fit parameters, instead of a simple average bias correction of the effective area.
Spectral stacking of radio-interferometric data
Authors: Neumann Lukas , den Brok Jakob S. , Bigiel Frank , Leroy Adam , Usero Antonio , Barnes Ashley T. , Bešlić Ivana , Eibensteiner Cosima , Held Malena , Jiménez-Donaire María J. , Pety Jérôme , Rosolowsky Erik W. , Schinnerer Eva , Williams Thomas G. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Mapping molecular line emission beyond the bright low-J CO transitions is still challenging in extragalactic studies, even with the latest generation of (sub-)millimetre interferometers, such as ALMA and NOEMA.
Aims. We summarise and test a spectral stacking method that has been used in the literature to recover low-intensity molecular line emission, such as HCN(1−0), HCO+(1−0), and even fainter lines in external galaxies. The goal is to study the capabilities and limitations of the stacking technique when applied to imaged interferometric observations.
Methods. The core idea of spectral stacking is to align spectra of the low S/N spectral lines to a known velocity field calculated from a higher S/N line expected to share the kinematics of the fainter line (e.g. CO(1−0) or 21 cm emission). Then these aligned spectra can be coherently averaged to produce potentially high S/N spectral stacks. Here we used imaged simulated interferometric and total power observations at different S/N levels, based on real CO observations.
Results. For the combined interferometric and total power data, we find that the spectral stacking technique is capable of recovering the integrated intensities even at low S/N levels across most of the region where the high S/N prior is detected. However, when stacking interferometer-only data for low S/N emission, the stacks can miss up to 50% of the emission from the fainter line.
Conclusions. A key result of this analysis is that the spectral stacking method is able to recover the true mean line intensities in low S/N cubes and to accurately measure the statistical significance of the recovered lines. To facilitate the application of this technique we provide a public Python package, called PYSTACKER.