bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying artificial intelligence to detect and analyse oral and maxillofacial bone loss—A scoping review
Authors: Farajollahi Mehran , Safarian Mohammad Sadegh , Hatami Masoud , Esmaeil Nejad Azadeh , Peters Ove A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRadiographic evaluation of bone changes is one of the main tools in the diagnosis of many oral and maxillofacial diseases. However, this approach to assessment has limitations in accuracy, inconsistency and comparatively low diagnostic efficiency. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)‐based algorithms like deep learning networks have been introduced as a solution to overcome these challenges. Based on recent studies, AI can improve the detection accuracy of an expert clinician for periapical pathology, periodontal diseases and their prognostication, as well as peri‐implant bone loss. Also, AI has been successfully used to detect and diagnose oral and maxillofacial lesions with a high predictive value. This study aims to review the current evidence on artificial intelligence applications in the detection and analysis of bone loss in the oral and maxillofacial regions.
CLA+ memory T cells in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nicolàs Lídia Sans‐de San , Czarnowicki Tali , Akdis Mübeccel , Pujol Ramon M. , Lozano‐Ojalvo Daniel , Leung Donald Y. M. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Santamaria‐Babí Luis F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCirculating skin‐homing cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen (CLA)+ T cells constitute a small subset of human memory T cells involved in several aspects of atopic dermatitis: Staphylococcus aureus related mechanisms, the abnormal Th2 immune response, biomarkers, clinical aspects of the patients, pruritus, and the mechanism of action of targeted therapies. Superantigens, IL‐13, IL‐31, pruritus, CCL17 and early effects on dupilumab‐treated patients have in common that they are associated with the CLA+ T cell mechanisms in atopic dermatitis patients. The function of CLA+ T cells corresponds with the role of T cells belonging to the skin‐associated lymphoid tissue and could be a reason why they reflect different mechanisms of atopic dermatitis and many other T cell mediated skin diseases. The goal of this review is to gather all this translational information of atopic dermatitis pathology.
Decolonizing a discipline in distress
Authors: Baviskar Amita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIndia‐based anthropologists must contend with the legacies of colonial epistemologies and postcolonial imperatives in an increasingly neoliberal academy and Hindu‐supremacist nation‐state. For these scholars, anthropology's values of critical humanism are more vital than ever. The challenge is to uphold them in ways that both include and reach beyond the academy. Over the decades, Indian anthropologists’ position has shifted with regard to their discipline, to academic institutions, the nation, and the wider world since Independence. Today, they face challenges to the vision of democratizing anthropology in terms of institutional autonomy and public accountability. The Indian experience may provide insights to colleagues in the North.
(Un)making the manual scavenger
Authors: Sreenath Shreyas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn contemporary Indian cities, sewage infrastructures hold out the promise of liberal modernity. But they have also become sites for the reinvention of “manual scavenging,” a legally abolished caste practice that degrades and kills ostracized communities by exposing them to human excreta. Amid official underreporting, activists estimate that hundreds of workers, overwhelmingly Dalit (ex‐untouchable) and hired on a contractual basis, die every year while clearing Indian sewers. Yet not a single person has been convicted of abetting manual scavenging. Cases of sewage deaths in Bengaluru, touted as India's Silicon Valley, reveal that abettors often escape prosecution, framing manual scavenging as an accidental effect of unruly sewage flows. The transformation of overburdened urban sewerage into an alibi for caste violence demonstrates how caste and contractual liberalism share a necropolitical interest in displacing ecological uncertainty onto Dalit bodies.
Fertility Effects of Labor Market Conditions at Graduation
Authors: Yin Yue , Jiang Ye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examines how individuals' fertility outcomes were affected by the labor market conditions they experienced at graduation. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey, it finds that poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed individuals' entry into parenthood. Higher unemployment rates at graduation reduced the probability of having at least one child in the survey year for both men and women. The negative fertility effects generally followed a U‐shape, reached the maximum around average childbearing ages, and faded out within 15 years after graduation. Low‐skilled workers mainly contribute to the negative fertility effects observed in the whole sample. Employment and marital outcomes are also analyzed as potential mechanisms. Estimation results indicate that individuals who experienced poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed marriage and the birth of the first child due to a lower probability of being employed, reduced working hours, and adverse income shocks. The negative long‐term fertility effects should be brought to policymakers' attention, especially when China's low fertility issue worsens. Policymakers are expected to create more favorable employment conditions for labor market entrants to encourage fertility and expand the future working‐age population.
Increasing linkage to hepatitis C care following trauma‐informed rehabilitation: An education and quality improvement project among women
Authors: Crespi Agustina , Van Uum Rafique , Lathouris Helen , Masterman Chelsea , Muncaster Kody , Gaete Kayla , Capraru Camelia , Shah Hemant , Feld Jordan J. , Biondi Mia J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe on‐going substance use crisis has led to unprecedented rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Canada, with increasing positivity among women who use drugs (WWUD). Despite efforts to reduce barriers to HCV testing and treatment, follow‐up remains a major issue.MethodsIn this quality improvement project (QIP), we partnered with a short‐stay trauma‐informed residential drug treatment facility specifically for WWUD, to provide an engaging peer‐led HCV education session, followed by low‐barrier nurse and peer‐led testing and treatment. We sought to evaluate these interventions, as well as determine what factors could improve engagement after women leave.ResultsThe session was attended by 217 participants, 130 completed the survey and 153 opted into testing. Survey results indicated that participants were highly motivated to access general care as well as HCV testing and treatment. The most frequently reported barriers to testing and treatment were a previous negative test and being asymptomatic, respectively. Follow‐up facilitators included a non‐judgmental provider (88%), monetary incentives (67%), follow‐up phone calls (77%), e‐mails (66%) and text messages (58%). Of those who were RNA positive, 5 of 13 initiated treatment on‐site. By using the results of the QIP in real‐time, 6 of 13 were started after leaving the centre (one pending and one lost to follow‐up).Discussion and ConclusionsThe implementation of co‐localised peer‐led testing and treatment for HCV, along with persistent follow‐up efforts, led to increases in linkage to care and treatment. Co‐localisation of testing and care with substance‐use services, especially if residential, is a viable, low‐barrier strategy for increasing linkage to care among WWUD.
Geochronology and geochemistry of early Palaeozoic ultramafic rocks along Jiangshan‐Shaoxing Fault and their tectonic significance
Authors: Wang Cunzhi , Huang Zhizhong , Zhu Qingbo , Xing Guangfu , Jin Guodong , Chu Pingli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe origins of early Paleozoic orogen in South China have two different models: subduction model and intra‐continental model. Here we report two new identification of ~440 Ma arc‐related ultramafic intrusions in Tingzifan (TZF) and Fomuting (FMT) along Jiangshan‐Shaoxing fault (JSF) in South China, respectively. The Silurian ultramafic intrusions are composed of olivine pyroxenite, the SiO2, MgO and TiO2 contents of olivine pyroxenites are 39.67–41.25 wt%, 28.98–31.38 wt% and 0.23–0.51 wt%, respectively. The geochemical compositions of the olivines, clinopyroxenes and hornblendes suggest an arc‐related environment for these intrusions. As for the whole‐rock trace elements, the ultramafic intrusions contain low total rare earth element (REE) contents (27.59–34.26 μg/g) and high field strength elements (HFSEs), such as Nb, Zr, Hf, Ti, and are systematically enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements (LREEs). Trace element compositions share most features of Alaskan‐type ultramafic‐mafic intrusions. Isotopically, the TZF and FMT ultramafic intrusions are characterized by negative Zircons εHf(t) values (0.38–7.54). Combined with their whole‐rock and mineral chemistry as well as zircon Hf isotope, we suggest that the Alaskan‐type TZF and FMT pyroxenite were formed at the root of the continental arc by underplating and fractional crystallization of mafic magma which derived from subduction metasomatized mantle source. Thus, we proposed that the early Paleozoic ultramafic–mafic along Jiangshan‐Shaoxing fault were most likely related to early Paleozoic subduction of the Paleo‐South China Ocean between Cathaysia and Yangtze blocks, arguing that the origins of early Paleozoic orogen in the South China Block is a typical subduction‐accretionary collisional‐type orogenic belt rather than an intraplate belt.
Aphidophagous predators in commercial Capsicum cultivars and characterization of their trophic network using stomach content analysis
Authors: Duque‐Gamboa Diana Nataly , Toro‐Perea Nelson 
Published: July 2023

AbstractViruses and aphids, the most recent vectors of viruses (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of the genera Myzus and Aphis, are the main phytosanitary problems of Capsicum spp. (Solanales: Solanaceae) agricultural systems in Colombia. The incorporation of biological control in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, which can be used to reduce aphid populations in solanaceous crops, is hampered by the lack of information on the natural enemy community, such as parasitoids, predators and generalist aphidophagous. For this reason, the objective of this research was to determine and characterize the community of generalist aphidophagous (Coccinellidae and Syrphidae) in the cultivation of chilli pepper in south‐western Colombia, and to characterize their diet through stomach content analysis using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. Two species of Coccinellidae and one species of Syrphidae were the most abundant predators in commercial crops of Capsicum spp. and fed preferentially on aphids that attacked the pepper plants. The characterization of the diet of these predators using molecular tools revealed intraspecific predation, secondary predation of aphid parasitoids and consumption of alternative prey to the aphids attacking the pepper plants. Differences in diet composition were observed between larval and adult coccinellids, and between coccinellids and the hoverfly species studied. The results suggest that dominant predators may be suitable for use in IPM programmes to control aphids in pepper crops, as their diet consists mainly of aphids that attack pepper plants. In addition, these predators can take advantage of the agricultural matrix by feeding on alternative prey in the absence of aphids.
Development of theoretically informed audit and feedback: An exemplar from a complex implementation strategy to improve asthma self‐management in UK primary care
Authors: McClatchey Kirstie , Sheldon Aimee , Steed Liz , Sheringham Jessica , Holmes Steve , Preston Megan , Appiagyei Francis , Price David , Taylor Stephanie J. C. , Pinnock Hilary ,   for the IMPART Programme Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractRationaleAudit and feedback is an evidence‐based implementation strategy, but studies reporting the use of theory to guide design elements are limited.Aims and ObjectivesWithin the context of a programme of research aiming to improve the implementation of supported asthma self‐management in UK primary care (IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self‐management as RouTine [IMP2ART]), we aimed to design and develop theoretically‐informed audit and feedback that highlighted supported asthma self‐management provision and areas for improvement in primary care general practices.MethodAligned with the Medical Research Council (MRC) complex intervention framework, the audit and feedback was developed in three phases: (1) Development: literature and theory exploration, and prototype audit and feedback design; (2) Feasibility: eliciting feedback on the audit and feedback from general practice staff (n = 9); (3) Prepiloting: delivering the audit and feedback within the IMP2ART implementation strategy (incorporating patient and professional resources and an asthma review template) and eliciting clinician feedback (n = 9).ResultsAudit and feedback design was guided by and mapped to existing literature suggestions and theory (e.g., Theoretical Domains Framework, Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy). Feedback on the prototype audit and feedback confirmed feasibility but identified some refinements (a need to highlight supporting self‐management and importance of asthma action plans). Prepiloting informed integration with other IMP2ART programme strategies (e.g., patient resources and professional education).ConclusionWe conclude that a multistage development process including theory exploration and mapping, contributed to the design and delivery of the audit and feedback. Aligned with the MRC framework, the IMP2ART strategy (incorporating the audit and feedback) is now being tested in a UK‐wide cluster randomised controlled trial.
Serum microRNA‐501‐3p is a potential diagnostic tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment: Ehime genome study
Authors: Toyama Kensuke , Spin Joshua M. , Tsao Philip S. , Maruyama Koutatsu , Osawa Haruhiko , Mogi Masaki , Takata Yasunori 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTight junction disruption and dysfunction are involved in the progression of blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Recent investigations have revealed BBB disruption in patients with vascular cognitive decline. Our previous studies showed that miR‐501‐3p negatively regulates cerebral endothelial tight junction protein‐1, resulting in the disruption of the BBB, and playing an important role in the development of vascular cognitive impairment. BBB breakdown in white matter lesions is often seen in the patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We therefore hypothesize that most early‐phase MCI patients may demonstrate elevated expression of miR‐501‐3p and sought to investigate whether serum exosome miR‐501‐3p levels could be a clinical indicator for detecting mild cognitive impairment. One hundred and seventy‐eight subjects (aged 73 [68–75] years, 53% male) were recruited for this study. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐J) was used for detecting MCI. Serum exosome miR‐501‐3p expression levels were measured by qPCR methods. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether their miR‐501‐3p ∆Ct values were above (“High”; n = 74) or below (“Low”; n = 104) cutoff levels determined by ROC curve. MCI was detected significantly more often in the miR‐501‐3p‐High group (vs. ‐Low group, 63.5% vs. 47.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between MCI status and High miR‐501‐3p (odds ratio 2.662; p < 0.01), improved vs. known risk factors. In non‐diabetic patients, High miR‐501‐3p was positively associated with MCI status (odds ratio 3.633; p < 0.01) and also positively associated with MCI status in those with atherosclerosis (odds ratio 3.219; p < 0.01). The present study demonstrates that elevated expression of blood exosomal miR‐501‐3p can indicate the presence of MCI in human patients. Early detection of vascular injuries may allow a reduction in progressive dementia through the management of vascular risk factors.image
Schwann cell‐derived amphiregulin enhances nerve regeneration via supporting the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and the elongation of axons
Authors: Chen Sailing , Chen Qianqian , Zhang Xiaojiao , Shen Yinying , Shi Xinyu , Dai Xiu , Yi Sheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPeripheral nerves have limited regeneration ability following nerve injury. Applying growth factors with neurotrophic roles is beneficial for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. Here we show that after rat sciatic nerve injury, growth factor amphiregulin (AREG) is upregulated in Schwann cells of sciatic nerves. Elevated AREG stimulates the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells by activating ERK1/2 cascade. Schwann cell‐secreted AREG further facilitates the outgrowth of neurites and the elongation of injured axons. Administration of AREG to injured sciatic nerves stimulates the proliferation of Schwann cells to replace lost cell population, encourages the migration of Schwann cells to form cell cords, and facilitates the regrowth of axons. Overall, our results identify AREG as an important neurotrophic factor and thus provide a promising therapeutic avenue towards peripheral nerve injury.image
Outcomes of treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis using parenterally administered remdesivir, with or without transition to orally administered GS‐441524
Authors: Coggins Sally J. , Norris Jacqui M. , Malik Richard , Govendir Merran , Hall Evelyn J. , Kimble Benjamin , Thompson Mary F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNucleoside analog GS‐441524 is effective in treating cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Investigation into the use of parent nucleotide analog remdesivir (GS‐5734) is needed.ObjectivesTo assess efficacy and tolerability of remdesivir with or without transition to GS‐441524 in cats with FIP and document clinical and clinicopathologic progression over 6 months.AnimalsTwenty‐eight client‐owned cats with FIP.MethodsCats were prospectively recruited between May 2021 and May 2022. An induction dosage of remdesivir 10 to 15 mg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously q24h was utilized for 4 doses, with a maintenance dosage of remdesivir (6‐15 mg/kg SC) or GS‐441524 (10‐15 mg/kg per os) every 24 hours continued for at least 84 days. Laboratory testing, veterinary, and owner assessments were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐four cats survived to 6 months (86%). Three cats died within 48 hours. Excluding these, survival from 48 hours to 6 months was 96% (24/25). Remission was achieved by day 84 in 56% (14/25). Three cats required secondary treatment for re‐emergent FIP. Remission was achieved in all 3 after higher dosing (15‐20 mg/kg). Adverse reactions were occasional site discomfort and skin irritation with remdesivir injection. Markers of treatment success included resolution of pyrexia, effusions, and presenting signs of FIP in the first half of treatment and normalization of globulin concentration, and continued body weight gains in the latter half of the treatment period.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceParenteral administration of remdesivir and oral administration of GS‐441524 are effective and well‐tolerated treatments for FIP. Early emphasis on clinical, and later emphasis on clinicopathologic response, appears prudent when monitoring treatment efficacy.
Gene expression and metabolic activity of Streptococcus mutans during exposure to dietary carbohydrates glucose, sucrose, lactose, and xylitol
Authors: Jurakova Veronika , Farková Veronika , Kucera Jiri , Dadakova Katerina , Zapletalova Martina , Paskova Katerina , Reminek Roman , Glatz Zdenek , Holla Lydie Izakovicova , Ruzicka Filip , Lochman Jan , Linhartova Petra Borilova 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent RNA sequencing studies have given us a deeper insight into the cariogenic impact of carbohydrate sources in the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, the principal microbial agent in dental caries etiopathogenesis. The process of dental caries development is facilitated by the ability of this bacterium to ferment some carbohydrates into organic acids contributing to a pH decrease in the oral cavity and the demineralization of the hard tissues of the tooth. Furthermore, in dental caries progression, biofilm formation, which starts and ends with free planktonic cells, plays an important role and has several unique properties called virulence factors. The most cariogenic carbohydrate is sucrose, an easily metabolizable source of energy that induces the acidification and synthesis of glucans, forming typical bacterial cell clumps. We used multifaceted methodological approaches to compare the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of S. mutans growing in planktonic culture on preferred and nonpreferred carbohydrates and in fasting conditions. Streptococcus mutans in a planktonic culture with lactose produced the same pH drop as glucose and sucrose. By contrast, xylitol and lactose showed high effectiveness in regulating intracellular polysaccharide metabolism, cell wall structure, and overall virulence involved in the initial phase of biofilm formation and structure but with an opposite pattern compared with sucrose and glucose. Our results confirmed the recent findings that xylitol and lactose play a vital role in biofilm structure. However, they do not reduce its formation, which is related to the creation of a cariogenic environment.
Potential sex differences in human milk fatty acids and their association with atopic dermatitis: Results of the Ulm SPATZ health study
Authors: Ordnung Madeleine , Mank Marko , Stahl Bernd , Kurz Deborah , Marosvölgyi Tamas , Decsi Tamas , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Genuneit Jon , Siziba Linda P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in human milk are essential in immune system maturation and might play a role in the development of allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants. Immune system responses are modulated by sex, but data on the sex‐specific associations with PUFAs are limited. We therefore explored sex‐specific differences in human milk PUFAs and their association with AD up to 2 years.MethodsPUFAs were measured in human milk samples from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study at 6 weeks (n = 512) and 6 months (n = 367). Associations with AD up to 2 years were evaluated using crude and multivariable logistic regression. Interactions between infant sex and PUFAs were explored by including the product term.ResultsNo significant associations were observed with 6‐week data. At 6 months, the median relative proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly higher in milk for female than male infants (p = .001). Female infants whose milk was lower in quintile proportions of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) at 6 months had lower odds of AD compared to males [first vs. fifth quintile OR (95% confidence interval): 0.13 (0.02, 0.66), p = .02]. This interaction was not significant when correcting for multiple testing (α threshold: p = .004). No other statistically significant associations were observed.ConclusionIndividual quintile PUFA proportions in human milk were not associated with AD, overall and in a sex‐specific manner. More comprehensive and statistically powered longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether potential sex differences in human milk, if any, could be of clinical relevance for infants including the investigation of mediating factors.