bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Climatological Study on the Two Types of Bow Echoes Over South China
Authors: Zhou Ang , Zhao Kun , Xu Xin , Liu Qiqing , Ding Zhicheng , Huang Hao , Liu Xiantong , Rao Xiaona , Hu Sheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClassical bow echoes (CBEs) normally develop due to rear‐inflow jets, while merger‐formation bow echoes (MFBEs) evolve from the merger between linear systems and preline convection. MFBEs are rarely documented before, and the key processes remain unclear because of the small‐scale and fast‐evolving merging processes. Using radar observations during 2015–2019, this study examines the characteristics of these two types of bow echoes over South China. Eighteen MFBEs and 11 CBEs are identified, accounting for 62% and 38% of the total 29 bow echoes, respectively. MFBEs commonly occur over coastal regions in the afternoon, where southerly sea breezes provide favorable thermodynamic conditions. About half CBEs develop over mountainous areas in the morning, and northerly winds enhance the local baroclinity and kinematic convergence. A new Merger‐Classical index is proposed to distinguish the environments for the development of two types of bow echoes, disclosing the more favorable near‐surface thermal conditions for MFBEs. In addition, more severe weather occurs in metropolitan area near the Pearl River Delta region during MFBEs, in which the accumulated precipitation is about 2.5 times higher than that during CBEs. This study reveals the discrepancies between MFBEs and CBEs over South China, emphasizing the MFBEs account for more than half of the total bow echoes and cause more high‐impact weather in the metropolitan area. This study proposes a new perspective on the environment in which bow echo forms by merger process over South China, urging for more research to explore the underlying processes.
Optically pumped Milliwatt Whispering-Gallery microcavity laser
Authors: Li Huiqi , Wang Zhaocong , Wang Lei , Tan Yang , Chen Feng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhispering-gallery-mode microcavity lasers possess remarkable characteristics such as high Q factors and compact geometries, making them an essential element in the evolution of microlasers. However, solid-state whispering-gallery-mode lasers have previously suffered from low output power and limited optical conversion efficiency, hindering their applications. Here, we present the achievement of milliwatt laser emissions at a wavelength of 1.06 µm from a solid-state whispering-gallery-mode laser. To accomplish this, we construct a whispering-gallery-mode microcavity (with a diameter of 30 µm) using a crystalline Nd: YAG thin film obtained through carbon-implantation enhanced etching of a Nd: YAG crystal. This microcavity laser demonstrates a maximum output power of 1.12 mW and an optical conversion efficiency of 12.4%. Moreover, our unique eccentric microcavity design enables efficient coupling of free-space pump light, facilitating integration with a waveguide. This integration allowed for single-wavelength laser emission from the waveguide, achieving an output power of 0.5 mW and an optical conversion efficiency of 6.18%. Our work opens up new possibilities for advancing solid-state whispering-gallery-mode lasers, providing a viable option for compact photonic sources.
Alk1 acts in non-endothelial VE-cadherin+ perineurial cells to maintain nerve branching during hair homeostasis
Authors: Chovatiya Gopal , Li Kefei Nina , Li Jonathan , Ghuwalewala Sangeeta , Tumbar Tudorita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is a well-recognized endothelial cell marker. One of its interacting partners, the TGF-β receptor Alk1, is essential in endothelial cells for adult skin vasculature remodeling during hair homeostasis. Using single-cell transcriptomics, lineage tracing and gene targeting in mice, we characterize the cellular and molecular dynamics of skin VE-cadherin+ cells during hair homeostasis. We describe dynamic changes of VE-cadherin+ endothelial cells specific to blood and lymphatic vessels and uncover an atypical VE-cadherin+ cell population. The latter is not a predicted adult endovascular progenitor, but rather a non-endothelial mesenchymal perineurial cell type, which forms nerve encapsulating tubular structures that undergo remodeling during hair homeostasis. Alk1 acts in the VE-cadherin+ perineurial cells to maintain proper homeostatic nerve branching by enforcing basement membrane and extracellular matrix molecular signatures. Our work implicates the VE-cadherin/Alk1 duo, classically known as endothelial-vascular specific, in perineurial-nerve homeostasis. This has broad implications in vascular and nerve disease.
Off-axis metasurfaces for folded flat optics
Authors: Born Brandon , Lee Sung-Hoon , Song Jung-Hwan , Lee Jeong Yub , Ko Woong , Brongersma Mark L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe overall size of an optical system is limited by the volume of the components and the internal optical path length. To reach the limits of miniaturization, it is possible to reduce both component volume and path length by combining the concepts of metasurface flat optics and folded optics. In addition to their subwavelength component thickness, metasurfaces enable bending conventional folded geometries off axis beyond the law of reflection. However, designing metasurfaces for highly off-axis illumination with visible light in combination with a high numerical aperture is non-trivial. In this case, traditional designs with gradient metasurfaces exhibit low diffraction efficiencies and require the use of deep-subwavelength, high-index, and high-aspect-ratio semiconductor nanostructures that preclude inexpensive, large-area nanofabrication. Here, we describe a design approach that enables the use of low-index (n ≈ 1.5), low-aspect ratio structures for off-axis metagratings that can redirect and focus visible light (λ = 532 nm) with near-unity efficiency. We show that fabricated optical elements offer a very large angle-of-view (110°) and lend themselves to scalable fabrication by nano-imprint lithography.
Solar ultraviolet B radiation promotes α-MSH secretion to attenuate the function of ILC2s via the pituitary–lung axis
Authors: Huang Yuying , Zhu Lin , Cheng Shipeng , Dai Ranran , Huang Chunrong , Song Yanyan , Peng Bo , Li Xuezhen , Wen Jing , Gong Yi , Hu Yunqian , Qian Ling , Zhu Linyun , Zhang Fengying , Yu Li , Yi Chunyan , Gu Wangpeng , Ling Zhiyang , Ma Liyan , Tang Wei , Peng Li , Shi Guochao , Zhang Yaguang , Sun Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in human diseases have been described. Whether type 2 lung inflammation is directly affected by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is not fully understood. Here, we show a possible negative correlation between solar UVB radiation and asthmatic inflammation in humans and mice. UVB exposure to the eyes induces hypothalamus-pituitary activation and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) accumulation in the serum to suppress allergic airway inflammation by targeting group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) through the MC5R receptor in mice. The α-MSH/MC5R interaction limits ILC2 function through attenuation of JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling. Consistently, we observe that the plasma α-MSH concentration is negatively correlated with the number and function of ILC2s in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with asthma. We provide insights into how solar UVB radiation-driven neuroendocrine α-MSH restricts ILC2-mediated lung inflammation and offer a possible strategy for controlling allergic diseases.
Voltage control of magnetism in Fe3-xGeTe2/In2Se3 van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures
Authors: Eom Jaeun , Lee In Hak , Kee Jung Yun , Cho Minhyun , Seo Jeongdae , Suh Hoyoung , Choi Hyung-Jin , Sim Yumin , Chen Shuzhang , Chang Hye Jung , Baek Seung-Hyub , Petrovic Cedomir , Ryu Hyejin , Jang Chaun , Kim Young Duck , Yang Chan-Ho , Seong Maeng-Je , Lee Jin Hong , Park Se Young , Choi Jun Woo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate the voltage control of magnetism in a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure device consisting of two distinct vdW materials, the ferromagnetic Fe3-xGeTe2 and the ferroelectric In2Se3. It is observed that gate voltages applied to the Fe3-xGeTe2/In2Se3 heterostructure device modulate the magnetic properties of Fe3-xGeTe2 with significant decrease in coercive field for both positive and negative voltages. Raman spectroscopy on the heterostructure device shows voltage-dependent increase in the in-plane In2Se3 and Fe3-xGeTe2 lattice constants for both voltage polarities. Thus, the voltage-dependent decrease in the Fe3-xGeTe2 coercive field, regardless of the gate voltage polarity, can be attributed to the presence of in-plane tensile strain. This is supported by density functional theory calculations showing tensile-strain-induced reduction of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which in turn decreases the coercive field. Our results demonstrate an effective method to realize low-power voltage-controlled vdW spintronic devices utilizing the magnetoelectric effect in vdW ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures.
Evolutionary dynamics of genome size and content during the adaptive radiation of Heliconiini butterflies
Authors: Cicconardi Francesco , Milanetti Edoardo , Pinheiro de Castro Erika C. , Mazo-Vargas Anyi , Van Belleghem Steven M. , Ruggieri Angelo Alberto , Rastas Pasi , Hanly Joseph , Evans Elizabeth , Jiggins Chris D. , Owen McMillan W. , Papa Riccardo , Di Marino Daniele , Martin Arnaud , Montgomery Stephen H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeliconiusbutterflies, a speciose genus of Müllerian mimics, represent a classic example of an adaptive radiation that includes a range of derived dietary, life history, physiological and neural traits. However, key lineages within the genus, and across the broader Heliconiini tribe, lack genomic resources, limiting our understanding of how adaptive and neutral processes shaped genome evolution during their radiation. Here, we generate highly contiguous genome assemblies for nine Heliconiini, 29 additional reference-assembled genomes, and improve 10 existing assemblies. Altogether, we provide a dataset of annotated genomes for a total of 63 species, including 58 species within the Heliconiini tribe. We use this extensive dataset to generate a robust and dated heliconiine phylogeny, describe major patterns of introgression, explore the evolution of genome architecture, and the genomic basis of key innovations in this enigmatic group, including an assessment of the evolution of putative regulatory regions at theHeliconiusstem. Our work illustrates how the increased resolution provided by such dense genomic sampling improves our power to generate and test gene-phenotype hypotheses, and precisely characterize how genomes evolve.
Symmetry of gamma distribution data about the mean after processing with EWMA function
Authors: Hamasha Mohammad M. , Obeidat Mohammed S. , Alzoubi Khalid , Shawaheen Ghada , Mayyas Ahmad , Almomani Hesham A. , Al-Sukkar Akram , Mukkatash Adnan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStatistical Process Control (SPC) plays a vital role in maintaining quality and reducing variability in manufacturing processes. Among SPC techniques, the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) stands out for its ability to detect small process shifts quickly, making it a valuable tool in ensuring product consistency and preventing quality issues. EWMA constructs control charts to monitor process mean shifts, tracks product/service quality by identifying variations, and monitors manufacturing process parameters for early detection of deviations and necessary adjustments. EWMA control chart has been proposed as an alternative to the Shewhart control chart. Sequential measurements are processed using the EWMA function before being placed on the control chart. One of the crucial concerns about the EWMA control chart is the asymmetry of the data around the mean. Although processing with the EWMA function reduces data skewness, the problem of asymmetric data may not be solved. The control chart is designed to leave in front of the upper control limit (UCL) α/2 of the data and behind the lower control limit (LCL) another α/2 of the data, and this does not occur in the case of symmetric data. α/2 represents the significance level for each tail in a two-tailed hypothesis test, indicating the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis for each side of the distribution. Since many of the distributions in real life can be approximated by the Gamma distribution, the Gamma distribution was adopted in this study. The Monte Carlo simulation methodology was implemented to generate Gamma distributed data, process it with EWMA function and assess the skewness and kurtosis. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of EWMA parameters on the performance of the EWMA control chart. Moreover, it focuses on skewness and kurtosis reduction after data processing using the EWMA function. The findings help researchers and practitioners to select the best parameters. Further, the research investigates the effect of EWMA parameter on the shape of distribution.
Exploring the clinical relevance of vital signs statistical calculations from a new-generation clinical information system
Authors: Muñoz-Bonet Juan Ignacio , Posadas-Blázquez Vicente , González-Galindo Laura , Sánchez-Zahonero Julia , Vázquez-Martínez José Luis , Castillo Andrés , Brines Juan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNew information on the intensive care applications of new generation ‘high-density data clinical information systems’ (HDDCIS) is increasingly being published in the academic literature. HDDCIS avoid data loss from bedside equipment and some provide vital signs statistical calculations to promote quick and easy evaluation of patient information. Our objective was to study whether manual records of continuously monitored vital signs in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit could be replaced by these statistical calculations. Here we conducted a prospective observational clinical study in paediatric patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, using a Medlinecare® HDDCIS, which collects information from bedside equipment (1 data point per parameter, every 3–5 s) and automatically provides hourly statistical calculations of the central trend and sample dispersion. These calculations were compared with manual hourly nursing records for patient heart and respiratory rates and oxygen saturation. The central tendency calculations showed identical or remarkably similar values and strong correlations with manual nursing records. The sample dispersion calculations differed from the manual references and showed weaker correlations. We concluded that vital signs calculations of central tendency can replace manual records, thereby reducing the bureaucratic burden of staff. The significant sample dispersion calculations variability revealed that automatic random measurements must be supervised by healthcare personnel, making them inefficient.
Identification of the trade-off between speed and efficiency in undulatory swimming using a bio-inspired robot
Authors: Anastasiadis Alexandros , Paez Laura , Melo Kamilo , Tytell Eric D. , Ijspeert Auke J. , Mulleners Karen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnguilliform swimmers, like eels or lampreys, are highly efficient swimmers. Key to understanding their performances is the relationship between the body’s kinematics and resulting swimming speed and efficiency. But, we cannot prescribe kinematics to living fish, and it is challenging to measure their power consumption. Here, we characterise the swimming speed and cost of transport of a free-swimming undulatory bio-inspired robot as we vary its kinematic parameters, including joint amplitude, body wavelength, and frequency. We identify a trade-off between speed and efficiency. Speed, in terms of stride length, increases for increasing maximum tail angle, described by the newly proposed specific tail amplitude and reaches a maximum value around the specific tail amplitude of unity. Efficiency, in terms of the cost of transport, is affected by the whole-body motion. Cost of transport decreases for increasing travelling wave-like kinematics, and lower specific tail amplitudes. Our results suggest that live eels tend to choose efficiency over speed and provide insights into the key characteristics affecting undulatory swimming performance.
Lower mortality risk in APOE4 carriers with normal cognitive ageing
Authors: Pirraglia Elizabeth , Glodzik Lidia , Shao Yongzhao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAbnormal cognitive ageing, including dementia, poses serious challenges to health and social systems in ageing populations. As such, characterizing factors associated with abnormal cognitive ageing and developing needed preventive measures are of great importance. The ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is a well-known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.APOE4 carriers are also at elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases which are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. On the other hand,APOE4is known to be associated with reduced risk of multiple common types of cancer—a major age-related disease and leading cause of mortality. We conducted the first-ever study ofAPOE4’sopposing effects on cognitive decline and mortality using competing risk models considering two types of death—death with high-amounts versus low-amounts of autopsy-assessed Alzheimer’s neuropathology. We observed that APOE4 was associated with decreased mortality risk in people who died with low amounts of Alzheimer’s-type neuropathology, but APOE4 was associated with increased mortality risk in people who died with high amounts of Alzheimer’s-type neuropathology, a major risk factor of cognitive impairment. Possible preventive measures of abnormal cognitive ageing are also discussed.
Synthesis and applications of novel Schiff base derivatives as corrosion inhibitors and additives for improvement of reinforced concrete
Authors: Gad Ehab S. , Abbas Mohamed A. , Bedair Mahmoud A. , El-Azabawy Olfat E. , Mukhtar Shymaa M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe studied Schiff-base compounds in this work are multitasked investigated as corrosion inhibitors and also, to improve the physical and mechanical properties of reinforced concrete. The efficiency inhibition of the two novel Schiff-base compounds named (DHSiMF) and (DHSiB) for corrosion of carbon-steel in aqueous media of 1 M HCl was assessed via electrochemical methods and loss in weight. FT-IR,1H-NMR spectra and elemental analysis were used to confirm the structure of such compounds. It was found to have successful inhibition even at low concentrations in tested media, as an increase in inhibitor concentration led to an improvement in the inhibition efficiency. The weight loss results clearly demonstrate that DHSiMF of C-steel in 1 M HCl has a higher inhibition efficiency than DHSiB, with a maximum inhibition efficiency (85%) attained at 1 × 10–2 M from DHSiMF. Electrochemical experiments likewise revealed the same order, but with a maximal inhibitory efficiency of 98.1%. The addition of inhibitors to the corrosive media dramatically changed the anodic Tafel constants (βa) and cathodic Tafel constants (βc), indicating a mixed type nature. Electrochemical polarization curves illustrated the functions of mixed-type inhibition and the action of adsorption matching with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The ∆Gadsvalues for DHSiMF and DHSiB at temperatures (ranging from 303 to 333 K) are − 34.42 kilojoule/mole to − 37.51 kilojoule/mole. These values indicate that the compounds’ adsorption types are chemo-physical adsorption. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments were used to check the existence of the protection layer on the surface of carbon steel by analyzing the morphologies of the corrosion effects and the formed chemical compositions of the corrosion outcomes. For the concrete, the findings suggest that the chemical reaction that takes place between the DHSiMF and DHSiB and the concrete mix will result in an increase in the flexural strength, the compressive strength, and the indirect tensile strength of the concrete that is made of the gravel and dolomite aggregate.
A 3–4 h oocyte retrieval-ICSI interval optimizes clinical outcomes for women over 40 years
Authors: Chen Jingbo , Wang Yanfang , Fang Cong , Li Tingting 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo explore an appropriate time interval between oocyte retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for optimal embryological and clinical outcomes in ICSI cycles over 40 years of maternal age. A retrospective analysis of 1476 ICSI fresh cycles from women aged over 40 years, was performed at the Reproduction Medicine Research Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, between December 2013 and August 2020. The fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate were the main outcomes. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analysis of factors showed that fertilization rate (P = 0.024) and clinical pregnancy rate (P = 0.011) were significantly associated with oocyte pick up (OPU)-ICSI interval. A longer OPU-ICSI interval (no more than 6 h) was associated with a higher fertilization rate but significantly decreased the clinical pregnancy rate when the OPU-ICSI interval was over 4 h (P < 0.05). The optimal OPU-ICSI interval is between 3 and 4 h for excellent embryological and clinical outcomes in ICSI cycles over 40 years of maternal age.
Identification of a shared, common haplotype segregating with an SGCB c.544 T > G mutation in Indian patients affected with sarcoglycanopathy
Authors: Sanga Shamita , Chakraborty Sudipta , Bardhan Mainak , Polavarapu Kiran , Kumar Veeramani Preethish , Bhattacharya Chandrika , Nashi Saraswati , Vengalil Seena , Geetha Thenral S. , Ramprasad Vedam , Nalini Atchayaram , Basu Analabha , Acharya Moulinath 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSarcoglycanopathy is the most frequent form of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies caused by mutations in SGCB gene encoding beta-sarcoglycan proteins. In this study, we describe a shared, common haplotype co-segregating in 14 sarcoglycanopathy cases from 13 unrelated families from south Indian region with the likely pathogenic homozygous mutation c.544 T > G (p.Thr182Pro) in SGCB. Haplotype was reconstructed based on 10 polymorphic markers surrounding the c.544 T > G mutation in the cases and related family members as well as 150 unrelated controls from Indian populations using PLINK1.9. We identified haplotype H1 = G, A, G, T, G, G, A, C, T, G, T at a significantly higher frequency in cases compared to related controls and unrelated control Indian population. Upon segregation analysis within the family pedigrees, H1 is observed to co-segregate with c.544 T > G in a homozygous state in all the pedigrees of cases except one indicating a probable event of founder effect. Furthermore, Identical-by-descent and inbreeding coefficient analysis revealed relatedness among 33 new pairs of seemingly unrelated individuals from sarcoglycanopathy cohort and a higher proportion of homozygous markers, thereby indicating common ancestry. Since all these patients are from the south Indian region, we suggest this region to be a primary target of mutation screening in patients diagnosed with sarcoglycanopathy.