bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightweight dense video captioning with cross-modal attention and knowledge-enhanced unbiased scene graph
Authors: Han Shixing , Liu Jin , Zhang Jinyingming , Gong Peizhu , Zhang Xiliang , He Huihua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDense video captioning (DVC) aims at generating description for each scene in a video. Despite attractive progress for this task, previous works usually only concentrate on exploiting visual features while neglecting audio information in the video, resulting in inaccurate scene event location. In this article, we propose a novel DVC model named CMCR, which is mainly composed of a cross-modal processing (CM) module and a commonsense reasoning (CR) module. CM utilizes a cross-modal attention mechanism to encode data in different modalities. An event refactoring algorithm is proposed to deal with inaccurate event localization caused by overlapping events. Besides, a shared encoder is utilized to reduce model redundancy. CR optimizes the logic of generated captions with both heterogeneous prior knowledge and entities’ association reasoning achieved by building a knowledge-enhanced unbiased scene graph. Extensive experiments are conducted on ActivityNet Captions dataset, the results demonstrate that our model achieves better performance than state-of-the-art methods. To better understand the performance achieved by CMCR, we also apply ablation experiments to analyze the contributions of different modules.
Impact of network centrality and income on slowing infection spread after outbreaks
Authors: Yücel Shiv G. , Pereira Rafael H. M. , Peixoto Pedro S. , Camargo Chico Q. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on how the spread of infectious diseases worldwide are importantly shaped by both human mobility networks and socio-economic factors. However, few studies look at how both socio-economic conditions and the complex network properties of human mobility patterns interact, and how they influence outbreaks together. We introduce a novel methodology, called the Infection Delay Model, to calculate how the arrival time of an infection varies geographically, considering both effective distance-based metrics and differences in regions’ capacity to isolate—a feature associated with socio-economic inequalities. To illustrate an application of the Infection Delay Model, this paper integrates household travel survey data with cell phone mobility data from the São Paulo metropolitan region to assess the effectiveness of lockdowns to slow the spread of COVID-19. Rather than operating under the assumption that the next pandemic will begin in the same region as the last, the model estimates infection delays under every possible outbreak scenario, allowing for generalizable insights into the effectiveness of interventions to delay a region’s first case. The model sheds light on how the effectiveness of lockdowns to slow the spread of disease is influenced by the interaction of mobility networks and socio-economic levels. We find that a negative relationship emerges between network centrality and the infection delay after a lockdown, irrespective of income. Furthermore, for regions across all income and centrality levels, outbreaks starting in less central locations were more effectively slowed by a lockdown. Using the Infection Delay Model, this paper identifies and quantifies a new dimension of disease risk faced by those most central in a mobility network.
Scheme for the excitation of thorium-229 nuclei based on electronic bridge excitation
Authors: Li Lin , Li Zi , Wang Chen , Gan Wen-Ting , Hua Xia , Tong Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThorium-229 possesses the lowest first nuclear excited state, with an energy of approximately 8 eV. The extremely narrow linewidth of the first nuclear excited state, with an uncertainty of 53 THz, prevents direct laser excitation and realization of the nuclear clock. We present a proposal using the Coulomb crystal of a linear chain formed by $$^{229}$$

229

Th$$^{3+}$$

3
+

ions, where the nuclei of $$^{229}$$

229

Th$$^{3+}$$

3
+

ions in the ion trap are excited by the electronic bridge (EB) process. The 7$$P_{1/2}$$

P

1
/
2

state of the thorium-229 nuclear ground state is chosen for EB excitation. Using the two-level optical Bloch equation under experimental conditions, we calculate that 2 out of 36 prepared thorium ions in the Coulomb crystal can be excited to the first nuclear excited state, and it takes approximately 2 h to scan over an uncertainty of 0.22 eV. Taking advantage of the transition enhancement of EB and the long stability of the Coulomb crystal, the energy uncertainty of the first excited state can be limited to the order of 1 GHz.
Coupling analysis and vibration control of vehicle vertical vibration and pitching vibration
Authors: Zou Xiaojun , Zhang Bao , Yin Guodong , Wang Hongnan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe decoupling analysis of vertical vibration and pitching vibration is the basis of improving vehicle comfort performance and realizing vehicle body vibration control. In order to study the coupling behavior of vehicle body vibration, the vibration characteristics of the suspension and the body are analyzed through mathematical modeling and vibration tests. The research shows that the vibration characteristics of the front and rear suspensions are the key factors affecting the coupling between the vertical vibration and the pitching vibration. By controlling the difference ξ between the square of the rotating radius of the body and the product of the distance from the center of mass to the front and rear axles, the correlation between front and rear suspension vibration and the coupling of the body vibration can be reduced effectively. Through the reasonable matching of front and rear suspension stiffness, the ξ value can be reduced effectively. The research results provide a theoretical basis and reference for mastering the coupling mechanism between vertical vibration and pitching vibration and for the body vibration control.
Effects of biochar and biofertilizer on groundnut production: a perspective for environmental sustainability in Bangladesh
Authors: Shikha Fouzia Sultana , Rahman Md Mashiur , Sultana Naznin , Mottalib Md Abdul , Yasmin Monira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegular large-scale application of fertilizers, pesticides, and mulching can lead to soil health degradation and increase negative environmental impacts, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Considering these factors by applying biochar and biofertilizer (rhizobium inoculants) in groundnut production, a novel experiment was conducted for increasing soil fertility, groundnut productivity, and soil carbon stock in Bangladesh's Charland agroecosystems. The two-year experiment involved seven treatments consisting of T1 (control), T2 (soil test based (STB) fertilizer dose following fertilizer recommendation guide (FRG) 2018), T3 ((T2 minus nitrogen fertilizer) + biofertilizer), T4 (T3 + biochar), T5 (T2 + biochar), T6 (only biofertilizer), and T7 (only biochar). The result showed that the T4 treatment had the highest nodule counts (78.17 plant−1), nodule weights (122.97 mg plant−1), root weight (1.47 g plant−1) and nut yields (2.30 t ha−1), all of which were statistically identical compared to the other treatments. In addition, the T3 treatment had the highest recorded shoot weight (35.47 g plant−1), whereas the control T1 treatment had the lowest (16.50 g plant−1) shoot weight. Results showed that biochar-based rhizobium inoculants increased nodulation, root weight, shoot weight, nut yield and soil nutrient uptake in plant growth at all four stages (seedling, flowering, pod formation and harvesting). The result revealed that biochar-based rhizobium inoculants modulated the abundance of functional microbes through increased soil nitrification and reduced denitrification compared to the N-use treatments. Moreover, this interactive system significantly improved soil NO3−, leading to an increase in N uptake, thereby promoting plant growth and increasing nut yield. Considering all parameters, the soil amended biochar as a carrier of rhizobium inoculants had the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (1.76 t ha−1), about 26% higher than other treatments, which saved a considerable amount of 6.6 kg CO2eq ha−1 GHG emissions and aided in promoting environmental sustainability towards climate-smart agriculture.
Graphical Abstract
Thermal‐Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of Graybody Minerals (Sulfide): Implications for Extraterrestrial Exploration for Magmatic Ore Deposits
Authors: Hubbard Kevin M. , Haberle Christopher W. , Elkins‐Tanton Linda T. , Christensen Philip R. , Semken Steven 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGraybody materials exhibit systematically low emissivity across their spectrum. This characteristic violates the key assumption of unit emissivity at some wavenumber in the spectrum used to calibrate thermal‐infrared emission data. This assumption makes graybody materials “appear colder” than their actual physical temperature and imparts a slope in emission spectra that is non‐physical in nature, both of which affect interpretations of planetary surfaces. Pyrrhotite derived from the Stillwater Complex's J‐M Reef in Montana, USA exhibits systemic graybody behavior across its mid‐infrared spectrum and thus has a steep negative spectral slope from high to low wavenumbers when calibrated using conventional methods. A new measurement technique is introduced for deriving the absolute emissivity of graybody materials using reference samples with known Christiansen Frequencies during calibration. The reference temperature method significantly reduces the spectral slope of and provides a more accurate estimation of the absolute emissivity of graybody materials. After correcting the temperature of pyrrhotite using results from a series of reference experiments, we conclude that the emission spectrum of pyrrhotite is spectrally featureless and has a maximum emissivity of ∼0.7. If sulfide mineral deposits are exposed on Mars, they will not be identified using spectral features found in the mid‐infrared (5–40 μm). However, they could be located by identifying basaltic terrain that appears colder than their surroundings and with apparent emissivity spectra that exhibit negative spectral slopes from high to low wavenumbers and are spectrally neutral.
Observations of Satellite Land Surface Phenology Indicate That Maximum Leaf Greenness Is More Associated With Global Vegetation Productivity Than Growing Season Length
Authors: Gao Xiaojie , McGregor Ian R. , Gray Josh M. , Friedl Mark A. , Moon Minkyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVegetation green leaf phenology directly impacts gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems. Satellite observations of land surface phenology (LSP) provide an important means to monitor the key timing of vegetation green leaf development. However, differences between satellite‐derived LSP proxies and in situ measurements of GPP make it difficult to quantify the impact of climate‐induced changes in green leaf phenology on annual GPP. Here, we used 1,110 site‐years of GPP measurements from eddy‐covariance towers in association with time series of satellite LSP observations from 2000 to 2014 to show that while satellite LSP explains a large proportion of variation in annual GPP, changes in green‐leaf‐based growing season length (GSL, leaf development period from spring to autumn) had less impact on annual GPP by ∼30% than GSL changes in GPP‐based photosynthetic duration. Further, maximum leaf greenness explained substantially more variance in annual GPP than green leaf GSL, highlighting the role of future vegetation greening trends on large‐scale carbon budgets. Site‐level variability contributes a substantial proportion of annual GPP variance in the model based on LSP metrics, suggesting the importance of local environmental factors altering regional GPP. We conclude that satellite LSP‐based inferences regarding large‐scale dynamics in GPP need to consider changes in both green leaf GSL and maximum greenness.
Auroral, Ionospheric and Ground Magnetic Signatures of Magnetopause Surface Modes
Authors: Archer M. O. , Hartinger M. D. , Rastätter L. , Southwood D. J. , Heyns M. , Eggington J. W. B. , Wright A. N. , Plaschke F. , Shi X. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurface waves on Earth's magnetopause have a controlling effect upon global magnetospheric dynamics. Since spacecraft provide sparse in situ observation points, remote sensing these modes using ground‐based instruments in the polar regions is desirable. However, many open conceptual questions on the expected signatures remain. Therefore, we provide predictions of key qualitative features expected in auroral, ionospheric, and ground magnetic observations through both magnetohydrodynamic theory and a global coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere simulation of a magnetopause surface eigenmode. These show monochromatic oscillatory field‐aligned currents (FACs), due to both the surface mode and its non‐resonant Alfvén coupling, are present throughout the magnetosphere. The currents peak in amplitude at the equatorward edge of the magnetopause boundary layer, not the open‐closed boundary as previously thought. They also exhibit slow poleward phase motion rather than being purely evanescent. We suggest the upward FAC perturbations may result in periodic auroral brightenings. In the ionosphere, convection vortices circulate the poleward moving FAC structures. Finally, surface mode signals are predicted in the ground magnetic field, with ionospheric Hall currents rotating perturbations by approximately (but not exactly) 90° compared to the magnetosphere. Thus typical dayside magnetopause surface modes should be strongest in the East‐West ground magnetic field component. Overall, all ground‐based signatures of the magnetopause surface mode are predicted to have the same frequency across L‐shells, amplitudes that maximize near the magnetopause's equatorward edge, and larger latitudinal scales than for field line resonance. Implications in terms of ionospheric Joule heating and geomagnetically induced currents are discussed.
From tuberculosis bedside to bench: UBE2B splicing as a potential biomarker and its regulatory mechanism
Authors: Lyu Mengyuan , Zhou Jian , Zhou Yanbing , Chong Weelic , Xu Wei , Lai Hongli , Niu Lu , Hai Yang , Yao Xiaojun , Gong Sheng , Wang Qinglan , Chen Yi , Wang Yili , Chen Liyu , Zengwanggema  , Zeng Jiongjiong , Wang Chengdi , Ying Binwu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is an important approach for pathogens and hosts to remodel transcriptome. However, tuberculosis (TB)-related AS has not been sufficiently explored. Here we presented the first landscape of TB-related AS by long-read sequencing, and screened four AS events (S100A8-intron1-retention intron, RPS20-exon1-alternaitve promoter, KIF13B-exon4-skipping exon (SE) and UBE2B-exon7-SE) as potential biomarkers in an in-house cohort-1. The validations in an in-house cohort-2 (2274 samples) and public datasets (1557 samples) indicated that the latter three AS events are potential promising biomarkers for TB diagnosis, but not for TB progression and prognosis. The excellent performance of classifiers further underscored the diagnostic value of these three biomarkers. Subgroup analyses indicated that UBE2B-exon7-SE splicing was not affected by confounding factors and thus had relatively stable performance. The splicing of UBE2B-exon7-SE can be changed by heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis through inhibiting SRSF1 expression. After heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulation, 231 ubiquitination proteins in macrophages were differentially expressed, and most of them are apoptosis-related proteins. Taken together, we depicted a global TB-associated splicing profile, developed TB-related AS biomarkers, demonstrated an optimal application scope of target biomarkers and preliminarily elucidated mycobacterium tuberculosis-host interaction from the perspective of splicing, offering a novel insight into the pathophysiology of TB.
Removal of Cu2+, Fe2+ and SO42− ions from industrial wastewater by ion exchange resins contained in a rotating perforated cylindrical basket of different heights
Authors: Zakaria K. K. , Farag H. A. , El-Gayar D. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study is concerned with the development of a new cylindrical basket filled with ion exchange resin. The performance of the reactor was examined by removing Cu2+, Fe2+ and SO42− ions from synthetic wastewater. Variables studied were the initial ion concentration in the solution, contact time, resin height inside the cylindrical basket and cylindrical basket rotational speed. Dimensionless analysis was used to obtain a mass transfer correlation for each of the mentioned ions suitable for scale up and design of the present reactor. The experimental results revealed that both the percentage and the rate of removal of (Cu2+, Fe2+ and SO42−) ions decrease as the initial ion concentration in the solution increases, while they increase as the contact time, rotational speed and (L/d) ratio increase. Both Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s adsorption isotherms were examined and it was found that Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm gives a better fitting for the obtained data than Freundlich’s. Regeneration ability was tested, which revealed the high resin efficiency upon operating several consequence cycles that could reach 4 cycles with a slight decrease in the removal efficiency.
Novel approach to studying effects of inhalational exposure on lung function in civilians exposed to the World Trade Center disaster
Authors: Wang Yuyan , Berger Kenneth I. , Zhang Yian , Shao Yongzhao , Goldring Roberta M. , Reibman Joan , Liu Mengling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is increasingly important to study the impact of environmental inhalation exposures on human health in natural or man-made disasters in civilian populations. The members of the World Trade Center Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC; WTC Survivors) had complex exposures to environmental disaster from the destruction of WTC towers and can serve to reveal the effects of WTC exposure on the entire spectrum of lung functions. We aimed to investigate the associations between complex WTC exposures and measures of spirometry and oscillometry in WTC Survivors and included 3605 patients enrolled between Oct 1, 2009 and Mar 31, 2018. We performed latent class analysis and identified five latent exposure groups. We applied linear and quantile regressions to estimate the exposure effects on the means and various quantiles of pre-bronchodilator (BD) % predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio, as well as the resistance at an oscillating frequency of 5 Hz (R5), frequency dependence of resistance R5–20, and reactance area (AX). Compared with Group 5, which had low or unknown exposure and was treated as the reference group, Group 1, the local workers with both acute and chronic exposures, had a lower median of % predicted FVC (−3.6; 95% CI: −5.4, −1.7) and higher (more abnormal) measures of AX at 10th quantile (0.77 cmH2O L–1 s; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.13) and 25th quantile (0.80 cmH2O L−1 s; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.20). Results suggested heterogeneous exposures to the WTC disaster had differential effects on the distributions of lung functions in the WTC Survivors. These findings could provide insights for future investigation of environmental disaster exposures.
Experimental venous thrombus resolution is driven by IL-6 mediated monocyte actions
Authors: Obi Andrea T. , Sharma Sriganesh B. , Elfline Megan A. , Luke Catherine E. , Dowling Abigail R. , Cai Qing , Kimball Andrew S. , Hollinstat Mike , Stanger Livia , Moore Bethany B. , Jaffer Farouc A. , Henke Peter K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeep venous thrombosis and residual thrombus burden correlates with circulating IL-6 levels in humans. To investigate the cellular source and role of IL-6 in thrombus resolution, Wild type C57BL/6J (WT), and IL-6−/− mice underwent induction of VT via inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis or stasis. Vein wall (VW) and thrombus were analyzed by western blot, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Adoptive transfer of WT bone marrow derived monocytes was performed into IL6-/- mice to assess for rescue. Cultured BMDMs from WT and IL-6−/− mice underwent quantitative real time PCR and immunoblotting for fibrinolytic factors and matrix metalloproteinase activity. No differences in baseline coagulation function or platelet function were found between WT and IL-6−/− mice. VW and thrombus IL-6 and IL-6 leukocyte-specific receptor CD126 were elevated in a time-dependent fashion in both VT models. Ly6Clo Mo/MØ were the predominant leukocyte source of IL-6. IL-6−/− mice demonstrated larger, non-resolving stasis thrombi with less neovascularization, despite a similar number of monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MØ). Adoptive transfer of WT BMDM into IL-6−/− mice undergoing stasis VT resulted in phenotype rescue. Human specimens of endophlebectomized tissue showed co-staining of Monocyte and IL-6 receptor. Thrombosis matrix analysis revealed significantly increased thrombus fibronectin and collagen in IL-6−/− mice. MMP9 activity in vitro depended on endogenous IL-6 expression in Mo/MØ, and IL-6−/− mice exhibited stunted matrix metalloproteinase activity. Lack of IL-6 signaling impairs thrombus resolution potentially via dysregulation of MMP-9 leading to impaired thrombus recanalization and resolution. Restoring or augmenting monocyte-mediated IL-6 signaling in IL-6 deficient or normal subjects, respectively, may represent a non-anticoagulant target to improve thrombus resolution.
The impact of hypoxia and oxidative stress on proteo-metabolomic alterations of 3D cholangiocarcinoma models
Authors: Phukhum Pimpawadee , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Chaleekarn Kwuanjira , Kittirat Yingpinyapat , Kulthawatsiri Thanaporn , Namwat Nisana , Loilome Watcharin , Khuntikeo Narong , Titapun Attapol , Wangwiwatsin Arporn , Khampitak Tueanjit , Suksawat Manida , Klanrit Poramate 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe three-dimensional multicellular spheroid (3D MCS) model has been employed in cholangiocarcinoma research as it generates 3D architecture and includes more physiological relevance with the multicellular arrangement. However, it is also essential to explain the molecular signature in this microenvironment and its structural complexity. The results indicated that poorly differentiated CCA cell lines were unable to form 3D MCS due to the lack of cell adhesion molecules with more mesenchymal marker expression. The well-differentiated CCA and cholangiocyte cell lines were able to develop 3D MCSs with round shapes, smooth perimeter, and cell adhesion molecules that led to the hypoxic and oxidative microenvironment detected. For MMNK-1, KKU-213C, and KKU-213A MCSs, the proteo-metabolomic analysis showed proteins and metabolic products altered compared to 2D cultures, including cell–cell adhesion molecules, energy metabolism-related enzymes and metabolites, and oxidative-related metabolites. Therefore, the 3D MCSs provide different physiological states with different phenotypic signatures compared to 2D cultures. Considering the 3D model mimics more physiological relevance, it might lead to an alternate biochemical pathway, targeting to improve drug sensitivity for CCA treatment.