bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in charged fluids
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Li Zhongzheng , Duan Wenshan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present study shows that the Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability and its growth rate are strongly dependent on the charge-mass ratio of charged particles in a charged fluid. A higher charge-mass ratio of the charged fluid appears to result in a stronger effect of the magnetic field to suppress the RT instability. We study the RT instabilities for both dusty plasma (small charge-mass ratio of charged particles) and ion-electron plasma (large charge-mass ratio of charged particles). It is found that the impact of the external magnetic field to suppress the RT instability for ion-electron plasma is much greater than that for dusty plasma. It is also shown that, for a dusty plasma, in addition to region parameters such as the external magnetic field, region length, its gradient, as well as dust particle parameters such as number density, mass, and charge of dust particles, the growth rate of the RT instability in a dusty plasma also depends on parameters of both electrons and ions such as the number densities and temperatures of both electrons and ions.
Image2Brain: a cross-modality model for blind stereoscopic image quality ranking
Authors: Shen Lili , Li Xintong , Pan Zhaoqing , Sun Xichun , Zhang Yixuan , Zheng Jianpu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Human beings perceive stereoscopic image quality through the cerebral visual cortex, which is a complex brain activity. As a solution, the quality of stereoscopic images can be evaluated more accurately by attempting to replicate the human perception from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals on image quality in a machine, which is different from previous stereoscopic image quality assessment methods focused only on the extraction of image features. Approach. Our proposed method is based on a novel image-to-brain (I2B) cross-modality model including a spatial-temporal EEG encoder (STEE) and an I2B deep convolutional generative adversarial network (I2B-DCGAN). Specifically, the EEG representations are first learned by STEE as real samples of I2B-DCGAN, which is designed to extract both quality and semantic features from the stereoscopic images by a semantic-guided image encoder, and utilize a generator to conditionally create the corresponding EEG features for images. Finally, the generated EEG features are classified to predict the image perceptual quality level. Main results. Extensive experimental results on the collected brain-visual multimodal stereoscopic image quality ranking database, demonstrate that the proposed I2B cross-modality model can better emulate the visual perception mechanism of the human brain and outperform the other methods by achieving an average accuracy of 95.95

%

. Significance. The proposed method can convert the learned stereoscopic image features into brain representations without EEG signals during testing. Further experiments verify that the proposed method has good generalization ability on new datasets and the potential for practical applications.
Consequences for predator–prey dynamics caused by the presence of obstacles
Authors: Šćepanović J R , Budinski-Petković Lj , Jakšić Z M , Belić A , Vrhovac S B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to understand how a heterogeneous habitat affects the population dynamics of the predator–prey system, a spatially explicit lattice model consisting of predators, prey and obstacles is constructed. The model includes smart pursuit (predators to prey) and evasion (prey from predators). Both species can affect their movement by visual perception within their finite sighting range. Non-conservative processes that change the number of individuals within the population, such as breeding and physiological dying, are implemented in the model. Obstacles are represented by non-overlapping lattice shapes that are randomly placed on the lattice. In the absence of obstacles, numerical simulations reveal regular, coherent oscillations with a nearly constant predator–prey phase difference. Numerical simulations have shown that changing the probabilities for non-conservative processes can increase or decrease the period of coherent oscillations in species abundances and change the relative lag between coherent components. After introducing obstacles into the model, we observe random transitions between coherent and non-coherent oscillating regimes. In the non-coherent regime, predator and prey abundances continue to oscillate, but without a well-defined phase relationship. Our model suggests that stochasticity introduced by density fluctuations of obstacles is responsible for the reversible shift from coherent to non-coherent oscillations.
Mapping the global flows of steel scraps: an alloy elements recovery perspective
Authors: Cai Wenqiu , Geng Yong , Li Meng , Gao Ziyan , Wei Wendong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recycling steel scraps by the use of electric arc furnace is one of the most promising approaches for the steel industry to achieve net-zero emissions. Due to the uneven distribution of global steel scraps, many countries are actively involving in the global steel scraps trade. Steel scraps contain a range of critical elements, which may be transferred across borders through international trade of steel scraps. However, existing studies have paid little attention to the global flows of steel scraps and its embodied alloy elements (AEs). This study maps the journey of global steel scraps and the embodied AEs for the period of 2000–2021 for the first time by employing trade-linked material flow analysis and social network analysis. The results indicate that the global steel scraps trade had increased during the study period, with a few core countries (such as USA, Germany, and Turkey) leading the global steel scraps network. Also, critical metals had been transferred across borders in the form of AEs through the trade of steel scraps, especially from global north countries to global south countries. The largest AE flows include Chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo) flows. Other AE flows, such as cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), and niobium (Nb) flows, were less, but with high values or being regarded scarce. From a global perspective, steel scraps trade and recycling can contribute to the decarbonization efforts of the global steel industry and address resource shortages in some countries. Therefore, it is urgent to promote the overall resource efficiency of steel scraps and the embodied AEs by various efforts.
Physically-based simulation of elastic-plastic fusion of 3D bioprinted spheroids
Authors: Bahrami Hassan , Sichetti Federico , Puppo Enrico , Vettori Laura , Liu Chung Ming Clara , Perry Stuart , Gentile Carmine , Pietroni Nico 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Spheroids are microtissues containing cells organized in a spherical shape whose diameter is usually less than a millimetre. Depending on the properties of the environment they are placed in, some nearby spheroids spontaneously fuse and generate a tissue. Given their potential to mimic features typical of body parts and their ability to assemble by fusing in permissive hydrogels, they have been used as building blocks to 3D bioprint human tissue parts. Parameters controlling the shape and size of a bioprinted tissue using fusing spheroid cultures include cell composition, hydrogel properties, and their relative initial position. Hence, simulating, anticipating, and then controlling the spheroid fusion process is essential to control the shape and size of the bioprinted tissue. This study presents the first physically-based framework to simulate the fusion process of bioprinted spheroids. The simulation is based on elastic-plastic solid and fluid continuum mechanics models. Both models use the ‘smoothed particle hydrodynamics’ method, which is based on discretizing the continuous medium into a finite number of particles and solving the differential equations related to the physical properties (e.g. Navier–Stokes equation) using a smoothing kernel function. To further investigate the effects of such parameters on spheroid shape and geometry, we performed sensitivity and morphological analysis to validate our simulations with in-vitro spheroids. Through our in-silico simulations by changing the aforementioned parameters, we show that the proposed models appropriately simulate the range of the elastic-plastic behaviours of in-vitro fusing spheroids to generate tissues of desired shapes and sizes. Altogether, this study presented a physically-based simulation that can provide a framework for monitoring and controlling the geometrical shape of spheroids, directly impacting future research using spheroids for tissue bioprinting.
Why we should not assume that ‘normal’ is ambiguous
Authors: Bebb Jon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is a widespread and largely unchallenged assumption within philosophy that the word ‘normal’ is ambiguous: i.e., that it can mean different things in different contexts. This assumption appears in work within topics as varied as the philosophy of biology, medicine, justification, causation, and more. In this paper I argue that we currently lack any independent reason for adopting such an assumption. The reason that would most likely be offered in its favour requires us to ignore an alternative and equally plausible explanation for the seeming variety of different meanings that ‘normal’ is taken to have. Meanwhile, the well-known conjunction reduction test for ambiguity provides no evidence for the ambiguity of ‘normal’, and in fact suggests that maintaining this ambiguity claim is more difficult than has been initially supposed. Therefore, with the way things stand at present, it should not be assumed without argument that ‘normal’ is an ambiguous term.
Nerve Injury and Peripheral Nerve Functional Loss From Injection and Suture Needles: An Experimental Study on Rats
Authors: Fernandes Matheus Scuracchio , Viterbo Fausto , Rodrigues Lorena Delgado , di Luccas Caio Borges , de Menezes Neto Balduino Ferreira 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
During invasive procedures involving needles, there is a chance of damage to peripheral nerves. Therefore, a method for experimentally simulating these situations is needed.

Objectives
In this study we aimed to evaluate peripheral nerve lesions caused by the entry and exit of an injection needle, nerve transfixion through a suture stitch, and the injection of saline solution and lidocaine into the nerve.

Methods
After obtaining approval from the Animal Ethics Committee, we randomly divided 36 Wistar rats, weighing approximately 250 g each, into 6 groups (control, sham, suture, needle, saline, and lidocaine groups), with 6 animals in each group. All procedures were performed on the left paws of the rats. After the procedure, walking track analysis was performed to assess the walking function of rats for 8 weeks. Four months after the procedures, we performed bilateral electrophysiological studies (measuring the latency and amplitude of the electrical impulse in the peroneal nerve). Subsequently, the rats were euthanized, and bilateral tissue samples were collected from the peroneal nerve and tibialis cranialis muscle for morphometric histological analysis.

Results
In the walking track analysis, all groups showed normalization of walking functionality after 13 days. There was little histological change between the groups, and no functional loss related to the procedures was observed.

Conclusions
Procedures involving the infusion of local anesthetic or saline solution, or suture needles, are safe with regard to peripheral nerve function loss. Accidents tend not to cause nerve impairment.
Advancing spatial ontology in evolutionary economic geography
Authors: Chu Han , Hassink Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although evolutionary economic geography has been popular in economic geography, it has also been criticized for, among others, a weak geographical conceptualization, which has become evident, particularly in empirical research on related and unrelated variety. Therefore, this paper advances a spatial ontology, which is embedded in critical realism and social constructivism, and will empower evolutionary economic geography to understand and explain the impact of both economic crises and grand societal challenges on regional economic change, in a more place and scale-sensitive manner. Moreover, and relatedly, it will enable a better understanding of the main drivers of regional economic change.
Validation of the ACE [Albumin, CRP, and Endoscopy] Index in Acute Colitis: Analysis of the CONSTRUCT dataset
Authors: Grant Rebecca K , Jones Gareth-Rhys , Plevris Nikolas , Lynch Ruairi W , Brindle William M , Hutchings Hayley A , Williams John G , Alrubaiy Laith , Watkins Alan , Lees Charlie W , Arnott Ian D R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
In 2020 we reported the ACE Index in acute colitis which used biochemical and endoscopic parameters to predict steroid non-response on admission in patients with acute ulcerative colitis [UC]. We aimed to validate the ACE Index in an independent cohort.

Methods
The validation cohort comprised patients screened as eligible for inclusion in the CONSTRUCT study, a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial which compared the effectiveness of treatment with infliximab vs ciclosporin in patients admitted with acute UC. The CONSTRUCT cohort database was reviewed at The Edinburgh IBD Unit and the same biochemical and endoscopic variables and cut-off values as those in the derivation cohort were applied to the validation cohort.

Results
In total, 800 patients were identified; 62.5% [55/88] of patients with a maximum ACE Index of 3 did not respond to intravenous [IV] steroids (positive predictive value [PPV] 62.5%, negative predictive value [NPV] 79.8%). Furthermore, 79.8% [158/198] of patients with an ACE Index of 0 responded to IV steroids [PPV 79.8%, NPV 62.5%]. Receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve analysis produced an area under the curve [AUC] of 0.663 [p &lt; 0.001].

Conclusions
We have now reported and externally validated the ACE Index in acute colitis in a combined cohort of over 1000 patients from across the UK. The ACE Index may be used in conjunction with clinical judgement to help identify patients admitted with active UC who are at high risk of not responding to IV steroids. Further studies are required to improve objectivity and accuracy of assessment.
Implementing a reading-to-learn programme in EFL bilingual teaching
Authors: Kartika-Ningsih Harni 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article draws on a study that investigated an implementation of reading-to-learn pedagogy (R2L) on EFL students’ writing. The study involved a group of Year 8 students from an Indonesian public school who were taught English using R2L strategies that had been specifically developed for EFL classrooms, where both L1 and L2 are used as the instructional language. Classroom observations, student writing, and interviews were collected as the data. The texts produced by the students before and after the programme were examined qualitatively using a functional linguistic model. The study found that fine-tuning R2L by systematizing the use of L1 and L2 in the classroom interactions can assist in improving student writing. Students wrote longer texts, used high-level vocabulary, and had a better mastery of English grammar as shown by their use of more complex grammatical structures. Other pedagogic gains from the programme are also discussed.
Following the Principles of the Universe: Lessons from Plants on Individual and Communal Thriving
Authors: Montgomery Beronda L 
Published: August 2023

Synopsis
The means by which plants and other organisms exist in and respond to dynamic environments to support their thriving as individuals and in communities provide lessons for humans on sustainable and resilient thriving. First examined in my book, Lessons from Plants (Harvard University Press, 2021), I explore herein the following question: “How can plants teach us to be better humans?” I consider how insights gathered from plant physiology, phenotypic plasticity, and other plant growth phenomena can help us improve our lives and our society, with a focus on highlighting academic and scientific environments. Genetically identical plants can have very different appearances, metabolisms, and behaviors if the external environments in which they are growing differ in light or nutrient availability, among other environmental differences. Plants are even capable of transformative behaviors that enable them to maximize their chances of survival in dynamic and sometimes unfriendly environments, while also transforming the environment in which they exist in the process. Highlighting examples from research on, for instance, plants’ responses to light and nutrient cues, I focus on insights for humans derived from lessons from plants. These lessons focus on how plants achieve their own purposes by following common principles of the universe on thriving and resilience as individuals and in communities.
A new approach to the joint order batching and picker routing problem with alternative locations
Authors: Hedayati Sajjad , Setak Mostafa , Demir Emrah , Van Woensel Tom 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Accepted by: M. Zied Babai
The clustered and generalized vehicle routing problem (CGVRP) extends the well-known vehicle routing problem by grouping the demand points into multiple distinct zones, and within each zone, further separation is made by forming clusters. The objective of the CGVRP is to determine the optimal routes for a fleet of vehicles dispatched from a depot, visiting all zones within each cluster. This requires making two simultaneous optimization decisions. Firstly, each zone must be visited by exactly one node, and secondly, all zones within a cluster must be visited by the same vehicle. In this paper, we introduce two mixed-integer linear programming formulations for the CGVRP, aimed at solving a joint order batching and picker routing problem with alternative locations in a warehouse environment featuring mixed-shelves configuration. Both formulations are tested on three scenarios of randomly generated small- and medium-sized instances. Additionally, we propose a general rule approach for calculating a cost matrix in a rectangular environment. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical formulations in efficiently solving problems with up to 180 nodes.
Mortality in KPC-producingKlebsiella pneumoniaebloodstream infections: a changing landscape
Authors: Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Marelli Cristina , Cattardico Greta , Fanelli Chiara , Signori Alessio , Di Meco Gabriele , Di Pilato Vincenzo , Mikulska Malgorzata , Mazzitelli Maria , Cattelan Anna Maria , Pallotto Carlo , Francisci Daniela , Calabresi Alessandra , Lombardi Andrea , Gori Andrea , Del Bono Valerio , Aldieri Chiara , Losito Angela Raffaella , Raffaelli Francesca , Cortegiani Andrea , Milazzo Marta , Del Puente Filippo , Pontali Emanuele , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , Corcione Silvia , Mularoni Alessandra , Russelli Giovanna , Giacomini Mauro , Badalucco Ciotta Flavia , Oltolini Chiara , Serino Francesco Saverio , Momesso Elena , Spinicci Michele , Graziani Lucia , Torti Carlo , Trecarichi Enrico Maria , Merli Marco , D’Amico Federico , Marchese Anna , Vena Antonio , Bassetti Matteo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of carbapenem resistance on mortality in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection (BSI) in the era of novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.Material and methodsRetrospective study of patients with K. pneumoniae BSI between January and August 2020 in 16 centres (CARBANEW study within the MULTI-SITA project).ResultsOverall, 426 patients were included: 107/426 (25%) had carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR-Kp) BSI and 319/426 (75%) had carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (CS-Kp) BSI. Crude cumulative 30 day mortality was 33.8% and 20.7% in patients with, respectively, CR-Kp BSI and CS-Kp BSI (P = 0.027). Carbapenemase production or carbapenemase-encoding genes were detected in 84/98 tested CR-Kp isolates (85.7%), mainly KPC (78/84; 92.9%). Ceftazidime/avibactam was the most frequently used appropriate therapy for CR-Kp BSI (80/107; 74.7%). In multivariable analyses, variables showing an unfavourable association with mortality after correction for multiple testing were age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.10–1.31, P &lt; 0.001) and Pitt score (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.15–1.55, P &lt; 0.001), but not carbapenem resistance (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.74–2.22, P = 0.410). In a propensity score-matched analysis, there was no difference in mortality between patients appropriately treated with ceftazidime/avibactam for CR-Kp BSI and patients appropriately treated with other agents (mainly meropenem monotherapy or piperacillin/tazobactam monotherapy) for CS-Kp BSI (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.50–2.29, P = 0.866).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the increased mortality in CR-Kp BSI compared with CS-Kp BSI is not (or no longer) dependent on the type of therapy in areas where ceftazidime/avibactam-susceptible KPC-producing isolates are the most prevalent type of CR-Kp.
A new hope for early T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy based on STAT5+ leukemic stem cell targeting
Authors: Pelayo Rosana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Leukemia stem cells are known to drive tumor progression, drug resistance, microenvironmental shift, and relapse, which would make them a perfect therapeutic target. However, their phenotypic and functional similarity to their normal counterparts leaves limited road maps for their selective elimination. Tremblay et al. recently unraveled the fundamental role of overactivated pSTAT5 as a functional marker of early T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia stem cells driving leukemic progression and highlighted its potential use as a therapeutic target to prevent fatal outcomes.
Modulation of potassium transport to increase abiotic stress tolerance in plants
Authors: Mulet Jose M , Porcel Rosa , Yenush Lynne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Potassium is the major cation responsible for the maintenance of the ionic environment in plant cells. Stable potassium homeostasis is indispensable for virtually all cellular functions, and, concomitantly, viability. Plants must cope with environmental changes such as salt or drought that can alter ionic homeostasis. Potassium fluxes are required to regulate the essential process of transpiration, so a constraint on potassium transport may also affect the plant’s response to heat, cold, or oxidative stress. Sequencing data and functional analyses have defined the potassium channels and transporters present in the genomes of different species, so we know most of the proteins directly participating in potassium homeostasis. The still unanswered questions are how these proteins are regulated and the nature of potential cross-talk with other signaling pathways controlling growth, development, and stress responses. As we gain knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of potassium homeostasis in plants, we can take advantage of this information to increase the efficiency of potassium transport and generate plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress through genetic engineering or new breeding techniques. Here, we review current knowledge of how modifying genes related to potassium homeostasis in plants affect abiotic stress tolerance at the whole plant level.