bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Q and Strong Chiroptical Responses in Planar Metasurfaces Empowered by Mie Surface Lattice Resonances
Authors: Luo Xiaoqing , Du Xiang , Huang Rixing , Li Guangyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlanar chiral metasurfaces have emerged as a versatile platform for manipulating chiral light‐matter interactions in diverse applications. However, it remains challenging to achieve high quality factors together with strong chirality. Here, chiral all‐dielectric metasurfaces with a high Q factor of 1220 and relatively large planar chirality of circular dichroism −0.37 under normal incidence, or with a high Q factor of 872 and large extrinsic 3D chirality of circular dichroism 0.7, based on Mie surface lattice resonances (SLRs) are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Both SLR‐induced planar chirality under normal incidence and SLR‐assisted extrinsic 3D chirality under oblique incidence are achieved by perturbing the square lattice and by slightly tilting the incidence angle, respectively. It shows that the high‐Q and strong chirality arises from the different excitation efficiencies of Mie SLRs under the incidences of left‐ and right‐handed circularly polarized light. With these findings, this study provides a new direction for realizing high‐performance chiral metasurfaces and holds great promise for chiral nanophotonic applications in biochemical sensing, emission or lasing, and nonlinear optics.
Laser Plasma‐Accelerated Ultra‐Intense Electron Beam for Efficiently Exciting Nuclear Isomers
Authors: Feng Jie , Li Yaojun , Tan Junhao , Wang Wenzhao , Li Yifei , Zhang Xiaopeng , Meng Yue , Ge Xulei , Liu Feng , Yan Wenchao , Fu Changbo , Chen Liming , Zhang Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUtilizing a laser plasma wakefield to accelerate ultrahigh charge and current electron beams is critical for many pioneering applications, for example, to efficiently produce nuclear isomers with short lifetimes that may be widely used. However, because of the beam loading effect, the electron charge in a single plasma bubble is limited to hundreds of picocoulombs. Herein, via a tightly focused intense laser pulse self‐guiding in dense gas, a twenty‐nanocoulomb, tens‐of‐MeV, hundred‐kiloampere collimated electron beam is produced from a chain of plasma bubbles in the saturated injection regime. This intense electron beam is utilized to excite indium nuclear isomers with an ultrahigh peak rate of particles·s‐1 via photonuclear reaction. This efficient isomer production method can be widely used for pumping isotopes with excited state lifetimes on the picosecond scale, which is beneficial for deeply understanding nuclear transition mechanisms or stimulating γ‐ray lasers.
Comparing safety and efficacy of acoustic subcision at two different rapid acoustic pulse rates to improve the appearance of cellulite
Authors: Biesman Brian S. , Capelli Christopher C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundA recent study showed the safety and efficacy of a noninvasive acoustic subcision device to improve the appearance of cellulite via delivery of rapid acoustic pulses in a single treatment visit.ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of a single rapid acoustic pulse treatment visit using an equivalent number of rapid acoustic pulses at a pulse rate of 100 or 50 Hz.MethodsThis single‐center, prospective study enrolled 15 adult women with moderate to severe cellulite according to the Cellulite Dimple—At Rest Scale. Each participant would receive nominally 72,000 rapid acoustic pulses at a pulse rate of 50 Hz on the left buttock and thigh, and nominally 72,000 rapid acoustic pulses at a pulse rate of 100 Hz on the right buttock and thigh within one treatment visit. Efficacy was assessed by the ability of blinded, independent reviewers to correctly distinguish the pre‐ and post‐treatment photos, participant satisfaction, and the change in Cellulite Dimple—At Rest scores for each treatment side. Safety was monitored throughout the conduct of the study.ResultsFor both 100 and 50 Hz pulse rate treated areas, the majority (two out of three) of blinded reviewers correctly identified 100% of the pre/post‐treatment photos. For both the 100 and 50 Hz treated areas, 80% of participants agreed/strongly agreed that their cellulite appeared improved at the 12‐week follow‐up visit. Significant improvements in Cellulite Dimple—At Rest scores were seen for both the 100 and 50 Hz treated areas. All participants thought both the 100 and 50 Hz pulse rate treatments were tolerable, and the pain (mean score ± SD; 2.2 ± 1.2) associated with each was identical. No unexpected or serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionAcoustic subcision delivered via rapid acoustic pulses at 100 Hz, compared to 50 Hz, provides equivalent improvement in the appearance of cellulite while maintaining a similar safety and efficacy profile. For both pulse rates, treatment pain was minimal, and participant satisfaction was high.
Rifampicin‐resistant RpoB S522L Vibrio vulnificus exhibits disturbed stress response and hypervirulence traits
Authors: Cutugno Laura , O'Byrne Conor , Pané‐Farré Jan , Boyd Aoife 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRifampicin resistance, which is genetically linked to mutations in the RNA polymerase β‐subunit gene rpoB, has a global impact on bacterial transcription and cell physiology. Previously, we identified a substitution of serine 522 in RpoB (i.e., RpoBS522L) conferring rifampicin resistance to Vibrio vulnificus, a human food‐borne and wound‐infecting pathogen associated with a high mortality rate. Transcriptional and physiological analysis of V. vulnificus expressing RpoBS522L showed increased basal transcription of stress‐related genes and global virulence regulators. Phenotypically these transcriptional changes manifest as disturbed osmo‐stress responses and toxin‐associated hypervirulence as shown by reduced hypoosmotic‐stress resistance and enhanced cytotoxicity of the RpoBS522L strain. These results suggest that RpoB‐linked rifampicin resistance has a significant impact on V. vulnificus survival in the environment and during infection.
Dot‐shaped transmit beamforming with nonuniform time‐modulated concentric circular frequency diverse array
Authors: Yesilyurt Ugur , Arican Galip Orkun , Aksoy Ertugrul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, a true three‐dimensional dot‐shaped beamforming, in which the transmitted energy in a spatial region (azimuth, elevation, and range) is focused is performed with the nonuniform time‐modulated concentric circular frequency diverse array (NUTM‐CCFDA). The CCFDA structure with a radially outward increasing frequency offset between the rings has structural symmetry that provides the advantage of full scanning in the azimuth plane without any significant change in beam shape. Moreover, the NUTM, where the antenna elements are simply excited with a different modulation frequency in each ring, uses the in‐phase/quadrature channel modulator to realize a single sideband. The proposed NUTM‐CCFDA structure exhibits efficient beam scanning with the switch time‐on instant without using variable phase shifters to steer the dot‐shaped beam. Thus, NUTM‐CCFDA not only realizes a true dot‐shaped beam with better angle resolution on the first harmonic components but also has a simpler configuration than the conventional frequency diverse arrays with sophisticated variable frequency/phase shifters.
A multifidelity neural network (MFNN) for constitutive modeling of complex soil behaviors
Authors: Su Mingming , Guo Ning , Yang Zhongxuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development and calibration of soil models under the framework of plasticity is notoriously challenging given the prismatic features in soil's shear behaviors. Data‐driven deep neural networks (DNNs) offer an alternative approach to this formidable task. However, classical DNN models struggle to accurately capture soil mechanical responses using limited training data. To address this issue, a unified multifidelity neural network (MFNN) is proposed to leverage the accuracy of high‐fidelity experimental datasets and the abundance of low‐fidelity datasets synthesized using the modified Cam‐clay (MCC) model. The MFNN model can automatically learn the correlation between the low‐fidelity and high‐fidelity datasets, and has been applied to predicting the mechanical responses of over‐consolidated and anisotropically consolidated clays, cement‐treated clays, silts sheared under varying temperatures, and suction‐controlled unsaturated soils. The results demonstrate significantly improved prediction capabilities of MFNN compared to purely data‐driven DNNs. The proposed MFNN framework holds encouraging promise to revolutionize constitutive modeling of complex soil behaviors.
A robust interface finite element formulation for modeling brittle material failure problems
Authors: Liu Ruijie , Jin Wencheng , Harbour Logan , Kong Fande , Permann Cody , Gaston Derek , Podgorney Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFailure of many brittle materials and structures can be modeled using interface‐oriented finite elements combined with intrinsic cohesive zone models. The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method provides an innovative framework for modeling brittle crack propagation with zero‐thickness interface elements, which can accommodate extrinsic cohesive laws to avoid the artificial compliance required in intrinsic cohesive models. However, robust formulations and implementations of DG methods are critical in alleviating the well‐known convergence issues for both crack nucleation and propagation with reduced instability. This paper presents a robust interface element formulation by modifying the incomplete interior penalty Galerkin (IIPG) method, which successfully avoids the initial element interface penetration across elements that occurs prior to crack nucleation, and thereby greatly reduces the instability issue as cracks open. We further verified and validated our implementation by using a bar tension test and a beam fracturing benchmark. The robustness of our proposed interface element method was demonstrated by a micromechanics fiber/matrix debonding problem with 64 fibers embedded in a bulk matrix.
On the use of a mass lumping technique compatible with a fully‐coupled hydromechanical model for the case of strong discontinuities with the extended finite element method
Authors: Faivre Maxime , Martin Alexandre , Massin Patrick , Giot Richard , Golfier Fabrice 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present article, we introduce a new approach that uses a standard lumping technique, also known as the row‐sum technique, in the extended finite element method (XFEM) in order to stabilize a fully‐coupled hydromechanical model in the presence of a strong discontinuity. Typically, numerical oscillations can be observed where high gradients appear (pressure shocks) due to the violation of the maximum principle. In order to remediate this abnormal behavior, it is of common use to lump the mass matrix associated with the discretized form of the diffusion equation, a parabolic partial differential equation. Several techniques are available to diagonalize the mass matrix in XFEM in the context of dynamic crack growth. However, these techniques were designed for a wave‐like partial differential equation, a hyperbolic partial differential equation. The direct use of such techniques with a fully‐coupled hydromechanical model does not conserve the mass and leads to the violation of the maximum principle. The approach proposed in this work fulfills the features of a parabolic partial differential equation. It is also adapted to the nonlinear case for which the mass density is given by a constitutive law with a distribution that depends on the position inside the domain but which can be different on each side of the discontinuity. In order to test the robustness of our XFEM formulation, only discontinuous enrichments are considered in this article and the discontinuity is supposed impermeable in order to recover two distinct materials on each side of the boundary‐controlled interface for which we can exhibit independent analytical solutions.
Ecological and anthropogenic drivers of leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) attack occurrence on humans in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Shashank , Twining Joshua P. , Stedman Richard C. , Ghimire Shravan Kumar , Fuller Angela K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The negative impact of large carnivore presence in human‐dominated landscapes manifests as livestock depredation and in extreme cases as attacks on humans. In the case of conflict with leopards in Nepal, attacks resulting in human fatality have become more frequent over time, thus creating an urgent socio‐ecological and management issue.

We estimated the occurrence of leopard attacks in Nepal from human‐leopard conflict cases reported in the media. We used occupancy models to analyse data collected from online news reports on incidents of leopard attacks on humans to explore drivers of leopard attacks on a landscape scale. Our results suggest that the probability of occurrence of leopard attack is associated with human population density, terrain ruggedness and livestock density.

The human population density effect may be indicative of a density‐dependent relationship, where attacks are more likely in areas where an increased abundance of humans increases encounter rates with leopards. The positive effect of livestock density suggests that livestock may be drawing leopards into human settlements, and consequently increasing the likelihood of attacks on humans. Terrain ruggedness might be offering ideal conditions to facilitate attacks on humans, for example remoteness and high amounts of cover to launch ambush attacks.

We provide inference and insights into key determinants of leopard attacks on humans on a landscape scale. These insights can be used to guide future research, inform mitigation measures to reduce leopard attacks and foster a better understanding of the interaction between people and leopards.

This study demonstrates the applicability and novelty of using a hierarchical modelling framework applied to freely and publicly available media reports to inform the applied management of human‐wildlife conflict at a national scale.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Implementation of a formalized evaluation and planning tool to improve pediatric oncology outcomes in Kenya
Authors: Mutua Doreen , Omotola Ayomide , Bonilla Miguel , Bhakta Nickhill , Friedrich Paola , Wata David , Muma Sarah Nyaboke , Ganey Michael , Muriithi Carol , Mwangi Martin , Maina Alfred Karagu , Libes Jaime 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurvival from pediatric cancers in low middle‐income countries is often very low compared to that of high‐income countries due to multifactorial etiologies, including late presentation, delayed diagnosis, difficulty with accessing healthcare, drug unavailability, and treatment abandonment. The St. Jude Pediatric Oncology Facility Integrated Local Evaluation Tool (PrOFILE) was developed to map and evaluate childhood cancer healthcare delivery in individual institutions and entire countries, identifying the strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities for advancement of care.ProcedureUsing the PrOFILE self‐assessment tool, selected Kenyan pediatric oncology facilities entered data into 12 modules: national context, facility and local context, finances and resources, personnel, service capacity, service integration, diagnostics, chemotherapy, supportive care, surgery, radiation therapy, and patients and outcomes. These modules are grouped into five specific components, including Context, Workforce, Diagnostics, Therapy, and Patients and Outcomes. The St. Jude PrOFILE team analyzed the data and organized the first hybrid workshop, containing both in‐person and virtual components.ResultsMultidisciplinary stakeholders prioritized recommendations for improving care and developed smart objectives to accomplish identified goals over the following 2 years. Strengths and weaknesses of conducting a hybrid global workshop were identified.ConclusionsWe demonstrated successful use of the PrOFILE tool to conduct a hybrid workshop and identify strategies to improve pediatric oncology care in Kenya. The voluntarily structured work groups will methodically aim to achieve outcome‐oriented goals moving forward.
A combination of experimental and theoretical approaches on SSBR/BR compounds reinforced by hybrid nano‐silica/carbon black: Mechanical and rheological properties
Authors: Barghamadi Mohammad , Karrabi Mohammad , Ghoreishy Mir Hamid Reza , Naderi Ghasem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn modern formulations for green tire treads, nano‐silica combined with silane coupling agents has recently partially replaced carbon black (CB) to improve the well‐known “magic triangle” of tire tread compounding. However, achieving adequate levels of CB in formulations is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of nano‐silica/CB hybrid reinforcements and silane coupling agents on rubber compound prepared by melt blending method was investigated. Microstructure, swelling, mechanical and rheological properties of highly filled SSBR/BR‐based compounds were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of CB content in SSBR/BR/TESPT/nano‐silica, the properties pass an optimum point. Various properties were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. Estimation of the properties of tire tread compounds is inevitable due to the high cost of the components and the time and energy savings. For this purpose, different theoretical models were used. The Bergstrom‐Boyce, Ogden‐Roxburgh and Mooney‐Rivlin models were used to study the mechanical properties and the Herschel‐Bulkley, Power law and Carreau–Yasuda theories were used for the rheological properties. Among the theoretical models used, the Bergstrom‐Boyce model showed better correlation with the experimental data than other models.Highlights
Compounds based on SSBR/BR rubber blends were prepared by the melt blending method.
The effect of hybrid reinforcements and silane coupling agent as compatibilizer was studied.
The microstructure, mechanical behavior, thermal and rheological properties of the compounds were investigated.
The improved dispersion of the reinforcements in the SSBR/BR matrix was confirmed by microstructure analyses.
Various theoretical models were applied to validate the experimental mechanical and rheological results.
The functional network of biglycan: A new frontier in tumor progression
Authors: Yu Li , Maishi Nako , Matsuda Aya , Hida Kyoko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiglycan is a member of the small leucine‐rich proteoglycan family. Dysregulation of biglycan leads to a broad range of clinical consequences, such as osteoclastogenesis, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Biglycan binding to toll‐like receptor (TLR)−2 or TLR‐4 on immune cells lead to infiltration of immune cells to mediate the inflammatory response. Additionally, the extracellular matrix‐secreted soluble biglycan functions as a danger‐associated molecular pattern molecule involved in the induction of inflammation and cancer. High expression of biglycan is demonstrated in tumor endothelial cells (TECs) of various cancers and correlates with metastatic potential and poor clinical outcomes. This comprehensive review addresses the role of biglycan in both tumor cells and tumor stromal cells, especially TECs, in regulating tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance.
Zero‐shot mutation effect prediction on protein stability and function using RoseTTAFold
Authors: Mansoor Sanaa , Baek Minkyung , Juergens David , Watson Joseph L. , Baker David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPredicting the effects of mutations on protein function and stability is an outstanding challenge. Here, we assess the performance of a variant of RoseTTAFold jointly trained for sequence and structure recovery, RFjoint, for mutation effect prediction. Without any further training, we achieve comparable accuracy in predicting mutation effects for a diverse set of protein families using RFjoint to both another zero‐shot model (MSA Transformer) and a model that requires specific training on a particular protein family for mutation effect prediction (DeepSequence). Thus, although the architecture of RFjoint was developed to address the protein design problem of scaffolding functional motifs, RFjoint acquired an understanding of the mutational landscapes of proteins during model training that is equivalent to that of recently developed large protein language models. The ability to simultaneously reason over protein structure and sequence could enable even more precise mutation effect predictions following supervised training on the task. These results suggest that RFjoint has a quite broad understanding of protein sequence‐structure landscapes, and can be viewed as a joint model for protein sequence and structure which could be broadly useful for protein modeling.
Relationship between sacral‐abdominal wall distance and grip strength in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Miyagami Makoto , Nakamura Shota , Amemiya Yayoi , Okano Ichiro , Sakamoto Keizo , Fumihito Kasai , Kudo Yoshifumi , Inagaki Katsunori , Kawate Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn increase in waist circumference (WC) is a factor in lifestyle‐related diseases. The rectus abdominis muscle is a skeletal muscle that attaches to the pelvis from the xiphoid process and is thought to be affected by kyphosis deformity and posterior pelvic tilt. The purpose of this study is to examine differences between sacral‐abdominal wall distance (SAD) and WC and to determine whether they are associated with fall risk, frailty, markers of sarcopenia (grip strength and lean body mass), and spinal alignment. A secondary objective is to examine these differences by stratification by grip strength.MethodsThis retrospective study included 239 women aged 65 years or older (mean age 76.5 ± 6.7 years) attending an outpatient osteoporosis clinic. Bone mineral density and skeletal body composition (muscle mass index and trunk lean mass) were measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. SAD, pelvic tilt, and sagittal longitudinal axis were measured from simple X‐ray images of the spine sides. WC, grip strength, frailty, and fall risk score were investigated. Statistics were performed using Stat Flex, with two‐sided P < 0.05 being significantly different.ResultsWC was correlated with SAD (R = 0.68, P < 0.001). The SAD cut‐off value for a WC of 90 cm was 167 mm. The relationship between grip strength, SAD, and WC, weaker grip strength was associated with greater SAD; however, no significant difference was noted in WC. WC was not correlated with pelvic alignment but was correlated with body mass index (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, SAD was correlated with body mass index, pelvic tilt, sagittal longitudinal axis (P < 0.01), spinal alignment, and WC. Logistic regression analysis was performed with a grip strength of less than 18 kg as the objective variable. We found that the conditions for a grip strength of less than 18 kg were older age (P < 0.001), increased SAD (P = 0.02), and decreased trunk lean body mass. There was a decrease in grip strength (P < 0.05) and an increase in frailty (P < 0.05) and falls (P < 0.01) score in patients with SAD of 167 mm or greater.ConclusionsSAD and WC were found to be correlated; SAD was associated with body weight, posterior pelvic tilt, and anterior spinal tilt deformity, while WC was related to body weight. Increased SAD was found to be linked with decreased grip strength and increased risk of falls. This study was the first to examine a new measurement, SAD, for its utility in assessing grip strength, spinal alignment, frailty, and fall risk.