bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for intrinsic defects and nanopores as hotspots in 2D PdSe2 dendrites for plasmon-free SERS substrate with a high enhancement factor
Authors: Jena Tadasha , Hossain Md Tarik , Nath Upasana , Sarma Manabendra , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Fujii Minoru , Giri P. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a very powerful tool for the identification of molecular species, has relied mostly on noble metal-based substrates to obtain a high enhancement factor. In this work, we demonstrate that self-driven intrinsic defects in 2D palladium di-selenide (PdSe2) dendrites grown at low temperature (280 °C) act as hotspots for high SERS enhancement. We grow 2D dendritic PdSe2 with ample intrinsic defects to exploit it for SERS application. X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals 9.3% outer layer and 4.7% interior Se vacancies. A detailed examination of atomic-scale defects revealed Se vacancy (VSe) coupled with Se–Pd–Se vacancy (VSe-Pd-Se) in monolayer PdSe2, and an array of line defects (Se vacancies) and nanopores in bilayer PdSe2 dendrites. Interestingly, our studies reveal that Se vacancy-rich PdSe2 gives rise to line defects that act like hotspots for SERS enhancement. Remarkably, the vacancy-rich dendritic PdSe2 shows a SERS enhancement factor >105 and can detect RhB at a concentration down to 10−8  M. We speculate that the topological line defects and the edge construction in PdSe2 dendrites act as metallic wire or edge, which is partly responsible for the high enhancement in the SERS signal. The high SERS sensitivity is explained on the basis of multiple charge transfer processes combined with the predicted metal-like behavior of the defected 2D PdSe2. Our conclusions are fully supported by the density functional theory calculation of the electronic density of states of the defective bilayer (2L) PdSe2, which remarkably exhibits metallic character. Being a defect-enabled SERS substrate, dendritic 2D PdSe2 fills the gap between conventional plasmonic SERS substrate and plasmon-free SERS substrate.
Magnetometry of neurons using a superconducting qubit
Authors: Toida Hiraku , Sakai Koji , Teshima Tetsuhiko F. , Hori Masahiro , Kakuyanagi Kosuke , Mahboob Imran , Ono Yukinori , Saito Shiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIron plays important physiological and pathological roles in the human body. However, microscopic analysis including redox status by a conventional electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer is difficult due to limited spatial resolution and sensitivity. Here we demonstrate magnetometry of cultured neurons on a polymeric film using a superconducting flux qubit that works as a sensitive magnetometer in a microscale area towards realizing ESR spectroscopy. By changing temperature (12.5–200 mK) and a magnetic field (2.5–12.5 mT), we observe a clear magnetization signal from the neurons that is well above the control magnetometry of the polymeric film itself. From ESR spectrum measured at 10 K, the magnetization signal is identified to originate from electron spins of iron ions in neurons. This technique to detect a bio-spin system can be extended to achieve ESR spectroscopy at the single-cell level, which will give the spectroscopic fingerprint of cells.
Aerial transport of bacteria by dust plumes in the Eastern Mediterranean revealed by complementary rRNA/rRNA-gene sequencing
Authors: Erkorkmaz Burak Adnan , Gat Daniella , Rudich Yinon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProcesses influencing the transport of airborne bacterial communities in the atmosphere are poorly understood. Here, we report comprehensive and quantitative evidence of the key factors influencing the transport of airborne bacterial communities by dust plumes in the Eastern Mediterranean. We extracted DNA and RNA from size-resolved aerosols sampled from air masses of different origins, followed by qPCR and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16 S ribosomal RNA gene and transcripts. We find that airborne bacterial community composition varied with air mass origin and particle size. Bacterial abundance, alpha diversity and species richness were higher in terrestrially influenced air masses than in marine-influenced air masses and higher in the coarse particle fraction (3.0 to 10.0 µm) than in the fine fraction (0.49 to 1.5 µm). This suggests that airborne bacteria mainly were associated with dust particles or transported as cell aggregates. High abundances of rRNA from human, animal and plant pathogen taxa indicate potential ecological impacts of atmospheric bacterial transport.
Semantics recalibration and detail enhancement network for real‐time semantic segmentation
Authors: Mi Aizhong , Gao Mingming , Huo Zhanqiang , Qiao Yingxu , Chen Jian , Jia Haiyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReal‐time semantic segmentation is a crucial technology in automatic driving scenarios, which needs to meet both high precision and real‐time. The authors observe that learning complex correlations between object categories is vital in the real‐time semantic segmentation task. Moreover, image spatial detail information plays an important role in small object segmentation and preserving edges and textures. A Semantics Recalibration and Detail Enhancement Network for real‐time semantic segmentation based on BiSeNet V2 is proposed. On the one hand, a lightweight Semantics Recalibration module is designed to effectively extract global semantic contextual information, which combines pyramid segmentation and adaptive recalibration operations to learn the correlations between object categories. On the other hand, a Detail Enhancement module takes the feature maps of the shallow layers in the semantics branch as input and refines the feature maps to highlight the detail information. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analyses on Cityscapes and CamVid datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and generalisation of the proposed method.
Tie line fault ride‐through method of photovoltaic station based on cooperative strategy of energy storage, relay protection and photovoltaic inverters
Authors: Wei Chengzhi , Tu Chunming , Wen An , Song Weiwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fault of the tie line between the photovoltaic (PV) station and the grid is a serious fault for the PV station. It will cause the PV station to operate into an unintentional island. The uncontrolled Island voltage and frequency will inevitably lead to the disconnection of the inverter in the station. This situation will bring great losses to PV operators and impact to the power grid. In order to deal with the tie line fault, this paper analyzes the operation characteristics of PV stations in case of tie line fault firstly. Then a tie line fault ride‐through method based on cooperative strategy of small capacity energy storage (ES), relay protection and PV inverters is proposed. The islanding switching control strategies of PV and ES are designed respectively. The cooperative strategy of protection, PV controller and ES controller is formulated as well. The real‐time digital simulator (RTDS) closed‐loop test platform including line protection device, ES controller and PV controller is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Overview of battery energy storage systems readiness for digital twin of electric vehicles
Authors: Gilbert Zequera Rolando , Rassõlkin Anton , Vaimann Toomas , Kallaste Ants 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe demand for energy is a relevant topic in the field of science and engineering, which has been discussed throughout the last years due to the challenges of climate change and environmental concerns around the world. Currently, electric vehicles (EVs) offer a source of mobility that emphasises the use of energy storage devices to reduce CO2 emissions. The growing development of advanced data analytics and the Internet of Things has driven the implementation of the Digital Twin (DT), all to improve efficiency in the build, design and operation of the system. Regarding the components of EVs, the batteries are considered as the most expensive elements to analyse according to the State of Health and the State of Charge, which lead to implement the most optimal models, along with a DT for battery systems. The present article provides a literature review about the current development trends of EVs' energy storage technologies, with their corresponding battery systems, which gives an overview to understand different type of models and to identify future challenges in the industrial sector. Additionally, a solid explanation of the DT focussed on battery systems for EVs is discussed, highlighting some study cases, characteristics, and technological opportunities.
Lung Cancer Resection after Immunochemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Oligometastatic Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sponholz Stefan , Koch Agnes , Mese Mesut , Becker Silvan , Sebastian Martin , Fischer Sebastian , Trainer Stephan , Schreiner Waldemar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is currently being tested in pivotal trials for stage I to III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The impact of immunochemotherapy in patients with oligometastatic disease (OMD) remains undefined. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of radical treatment after the neoadjuvant course of immunochemotherapy versus chemotherapy.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with OMD who were treated with immunochemotherapy or chemotherapy combined with local ablation of metastases and radical primary tumor resection between 2017 and 2021. Group A included eight patients with immunochemotherapy; Group B included seven patients with chemotherapy. Descriptive statistical analysis included the characteristics of the patients, tumors, and outcomes.
Results There was no difference in postoperative morbidity rates between the groups (p = 0.626). The 30-day mortality in both groups was 0%. The median overall survival for Group A was not reached, with a median follow-up time of 25 (range: 13–35) months; the median overall survival for Group B was 26 (range: 5–53) months. In Group A, all patients remained alive; in contrast, in Group B, four patients died (p = 0.026). There was no local thoracic recurrence in either group. In Group B, the recurrent disease was identified significantly more often (12.5 vs. 85.75%; p = 0.009). The rates of complete and major pathologic response were 37.5 and 0% in Group A and 42.85 and 14.25% in Group B, respectively.
Conclusion Despite the small patient number and short-term results, the progression-free and overall survival in patients with OMD after local therapy for metastases and primary tumor resection following a neoadjuvant course of immunochemotherapy might be promising compared with chemotherapy.
Conservative Treatment of Ulnar Nerve Compression at the Elbow: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Natroshvili Tinatin , van de Warenburg Milly S. , Heine Erwin P. , Slater Nicholas J. , Walbeehm Erik T. , Bartels Ronald H. M. A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background The clinical results of conservative treatment options for ulnar compression at the elbow have not been clearly determined. The aim of this review was to evaluate available conservative treatment options and their effectiveness for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow.
Methods In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was performed. Literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).
Results Of the 1,079 retrieved studies, 20 were eligible for analysis and included 687 cases of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Improvement of symptoms was reported in 54% of the cases receiving a steroid/lidocaine injection (95% confidence interval [CI], 41–67) and in 89% of the cases using a splint device (95% CI, 69–99).
Conclusions Conservative management seems to be effective. Both lidocaine/steroid injections and splint devices gave a statistically significant improvement of symptoms and are suitable options for patients who refuse an operative procedure or need a bridge to their surgery. Splinting is preferred over injections, as it shows a higher rate of improvement.
Vascularized Bone Graft Reconstruction for Upper Extremity Defects: A Review
Authors: Chappell Ava G. , Ramsey Matthew D. , Dabestani Parinaz J. , Ko Jason H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUpper extremity reconstruction may pose clinical challenges for surgeons due to the often-critical, complex functional demands of the damaged and/or missing structures. The advent of vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) has aided in reconstruction of upper extremity (UE) defects due to their superior regenerative properties compared with nonvascularized bone grafts, ability to reconstruct large bony defects, and multiple donor site options. VBGs may be pedicled or free transfers and have the potential for composite tissue transfers when bone and soft tissue are needed. This article provides a comprehensive up-to-date review of VBGs, the commonly reported donor sites, and their indications for the treatment of specific UE defects.
Out of sight, but not out of mind: A Middle Dutch religious allegory as guide towards the absent Christ
Authors: Smits Lieke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Daughter Zion allegory has previously been interpreted as a failed allegory for mystical union, both because it relies on personification allegory and because some versions do not actually portray intimate union between the soul and God. Focusing on the Middle Dutch incunableVander dochtere van syon een deuoet exercitie(A Devout Exercise on the Daughter of Zion), printed by Gheraert Leeu in 1492, I will offer a different interpretation that is based on what the narrative does, rather than on what it does not do. By creating complex characters with inner lives and by fuelling speculation about their motivations, the text creates potent candidates for an intense, mediated relationship with the divine that is similar to parasocial relationships with fictional characters. The text helps the (likely female) reader to develop the devotional skills that will aid her in her spiritual progress.
Magnetic properties of LaFe2−xCoxSi: A new two-phase naturally formed composite alloy
Authors: Kramer N. , Provino A. , Hanley C. , Kubiak C. , Pathak A. K. 
Published: February 2023

We report the effect of Fe by Co substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of the two-phase “composite” alloy LaFe2−xCoxSi as prepared by the suction casting technique. This alloy contains LaFe13−x−yCoxSiy (cubic NaZn13-type) and LaFe1−xCoxSi (tetragonal CeFeSi-type) as constituents, with a compositional ratio between the two phases of ≈40 wt. % NaZn13-type and ≈60 wt. % CeFeSi-type; this ratio remains relatively the same for all the compositions investigated despite the Co content. As expected, while the Co-doping in LaFe2−xCoxSi increases the Curie temperature from 199 K (at H = 20 kOe) and 215 K (at H = 50 kOe) for the pure LaFe2Si, to 274 K (at H = 20 kOe) and 277 K (at H = 50 kOe) for the Co substituted LaFe1.7Co0.3Si alloy, it has the opposite effect on the magnetocaloric effect, reported in terms of the magnetic entropy change (ΔSM), which decreases with increasing the Co content. The full width at the half-maximum value of magnetic entropy changes also increases significantly with Co doping going from 14 K (at H = 20 kOe) in the pure LaFe2Si alloy to 46 K (at H = 20 kOe) in the Co-doped LaFe2−xCoxSi. The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of LaFe2−xCoxSi alloys for x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 are discussed in this article.
A multifaceted approach to understanding unexpected sound change
Authors: Rangelov Tihomir , Walworth Mary , Barbour Julie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that unexpected sound changes are best explained by an approach that accounts for
different motivations: phonetic, structural and social. Here, we focus on a multifaceted investigation of the cross-linguistically
uncommon bilabial trills to show the complex interaction between different drivers of sound change. In this paper, we highlight
and examine the prenasalized voiced bilabial trill
mʙ and plain voiceless bilabial trill
p
[ʙ̥] found in a
number of Oceanic languages spoken on Malekula Island in Vanuatu. We offer a comparative-historical analysis, and we identify the
various forces that have led to the emergence and persistence of
mʙ and
p
in Malekula languages: the
historical articulatory environments, the particular make-up of the consonant inventories of these languages, complementary sound
changes and phonological processes, contact with non-Austronesian languages, and in-group identity attachment. Furthermore, we
offer a hypothesis for the relative timing of these factors on the historical pathway of Malekula’s bilabial trills.
Multiple band gaps of two-dimensional elastic metamaterials with self-similar hierarchy
Authors: Li Qi , Yuan Haichao , Sun Xiaomei , Xiao Zifei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Elastic metamaterials with band gaps can block the transmission of elastodynamic waves and have wide applications in life and industry. Wide band gaps and low-frequency band gaps are the two goals of research on elastic metamaterials with band gaps. In this study, two models of two-dimensional elastic metamaterials with self-similar hierarchies were designed. The models were obtained by replacing the arms in the unit cell with composite structures. There is a wide band gap and low-frequency band gap for each unit cell with second-order replacement. The influence of the geometric dimensions of the arms on the properties of the band gaps was also studied. The properties of the band gaps can be altered by changing the arm dimensions. Vibration analyses based on the finite element method (FEM) were conducted for materials with improved unit cells to verify the existence of band gaps. Metamaterials can be applied in many cases to reduce or isolate noise and vibrations.
Swarm formation as backward diffusion
Authors: Reynolds Andy M , Ouellette Nicholas T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding insect swarms—forms of collective animal behaviour that unlike bird flocks, fish schools and animal herds do not possess global order. Nonetheless, little is known about swarm formation. Here we posit a mechanism for the formation of insect swarms that is consistent with recent empirical observations reported by (Patel and Ouellette 2022). It correctly predicts new features of swarm formation that have not been reported on previously. Our simple analytically tractable model shows how harmonic potential wells, a characteristic feature of swarming, and so swarm cohesion, arise from diffusion and local fission-fusion dynamics and how, in accord with observations, these wells deepen over time. The overall form of these potential wells is predicted to depend on the number and spatial distribution of all individuals, making them manifestly a collective phenomenon. Finally, swarms are predicted to ‘cool’ (that is, condense) as they form.
Anisotropic strange quark star in Finch-Skea geometry and its maximum mass for non-zero strange quark mass (m

s
≠ 0)*
Authors: Das B. , Goswami K. B. , Saha A. , Chattopadhyay P. K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A class of relativistic astrophysical compact objects is analyzed in the modified Finch-Skea geometry described by the MIT bag model equation of state of interior matter,

, where B is known as the bag constant. B plays an important role in determining the physical features and structure of strange stars. We consider the finite mass of the strange quark (

) and study its effects on the stability of quark matter inside a star. We note that the inclusion of strange quark mass affects the gross properties of the stellar configuration, such as maximum mass, surface red-shift, and the radius of strange quark stars. To apply our model physically, we consider three compact objects, namely, (i) VELA X-1, (ii) 4U 1820-30, and (iii) PSR J 1903+327, which are thought to be strange stars. The range of B is restricted from 57.55 to

(

), for which strange matter might be stable relative to iron (

). However, we also observe that metastable and unstable strange matter depend on B and

. All energy conditions hold well in this approach. Stability in terms of the Lagrangian perturbation of radial pressure is studied in this paper.
Pre-neutron fragment mass yields for 235U(n, f ) and 239Pu(n, f ) reactions at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV*
Authors: Zou Fanglei , Sun Xiaojun , Zhang Kai , Chen Hongfei , Yan Jie , Tian Junlong , Cui Yunyi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pre-neutron fragment mass yields in the vicinity of the thermal neutron energy are highly important for applications because of the larger fission cross sections of the

U(n, f) and

Pu(n, f) reactions. In this paper, pre-neutron fragment mass yields at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV are systematically studied using an empirical fission potential (EFP) model, the potential parameters of which are obtained from the measured data. The energy dependences of the peaks and valleys of the pre-neutron fragment mass yields are described by exponential and linear functions for the

U(n, f) and

Pu(n, f) reactions, respectively. The energy dependences of the evaporation neutrons, which play a crucial role in the reasonable description of pre-neutron fragment mass yields, are also obtained from the fission cross sections. The pre-neutron fragment mass yields in this study are not only consistent with the results of previous studies in regions of several MeVs but also agree well with existing measured data at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV. The results show that the feasibility of this EFP model is verified in this extended energy region.
AstroSat Observations of the Be/X-Ray Binary XTE J1946+274 During 2018 and 2021 Outbursts
Authors: Deo Chandra Amar , Roy Jayashree , Agrawal P. C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present the timing and spectral studies of the Be/X-ray binary XTE J1946+274 during its 2018 and 2021 giant outbursts using observations with the SXT and LAXPC instruments on the AstroSat satellite. Unlike the 1998 and 2010 outbursts, where a giant outburst was followed by several low intensity periodic outbursts, the 2018 and 2021 outbursts were single outbursts. The X-ray pulsations are detected over a broad energy band covering 0.5–80 keV from the compact object. We construct the spin evolution history of the pulsar over two decades and find that the pulsar spins-up during the outbursts but switches to spin-down state in the quiescent periods between the outbursts. Energy resolved pulse profiles generated in several bands in 0.5–80 keV show that the pulse shape varies with the energy. The energy spectrum of the pulsar is determined for the 2018 and 2021 outbursts. The best fit spectral models require presence of cyclotron resonant scattering feature at about 43 keV in the energy spectra of both the outbursts. We find indication of possible reversal in the correlation between the cyclotron line energy and luminosity which needs to be ascertained from future observations. Using the best fit spectra the X-ray luminosity of XTE J1946+274 is inferred to be 2.7 × 1037 erg s−1 for the 2018 observations and 2.3 × 1037 erg s−1 for the 2021 observations. We discuss possible mechanisms which can drive outbursts in this transient Be X-ray binary.