bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Febrile, Respiratory, and Gastrointestinal Illness Among Infants in Rural Guatemala and Association With Neurodevelopmental and Growth Outcomes
Authors: Olson Daniel , Lamb Molly M. , Connery Amy K. , Colbert Alison M. , Calvimontes Diva M. , Bauer Desiree , Paniagua-Avila M. Alejandra , Martínez María Alejandra , Arroyave Paola , Hernandez Sara , Colborn Kathryn L. , Roell Yannik , Waggoner Jesse J. , Natrajan Muktha S. , Anderson Evan J. , Bolaños Guillermo A. , El Sahly Hana M. , Munoz Flor M. , Asturias Edwin J. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Infectious disease exposures in early life are increasingly recognized as a risk factor for poor subsequent growth and neurodevelopment. We aimed to evaluate the association between cumulative illness with neurodevelopment and growth outcomes in a birth cohort of Guatemalan infants.

Methods:
From June 2017 to July 2018, infants 0–3 months of age living in a resource-limited region of rural southwest Guatemala were enrolled and underwent weekly at-home surveillance for caregiver-reported cough, fever, and vomiting/diarrhea. They also underwent anthropometric assessments and neurodevelopmental testing with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at enrollment, 6 months, and 1 year.

Results:
Of 499 enrolled infants, 430 (86.2%) completed all study procedures and were included in the analysis. At 12–15 months of age, 140 (32.6%) infants had stunting (length-for-age Z [LAZ] score < –2 SD) and 72 (16.7%) had microcephaly (occipital-frontal circumference [OFC] < –2 SD). In multivariable analysis, greater cumulative instances of reported cough illness (beta = –0.08/illness-week, P = 0.06) and febrile illness (beta = –0.36/illness-week, P < 0.001) were marginally or significantly associated with lower MSEL Early Learning Composite (ELC) Score at 12–15 months, respectively; there was no association with any illness (cough, fever, and/or vomiting/diarrhea; P = 0.27) or with cumulative instances of diarrheal/vomiting illness alone (P = 0.66). No association was shown between cumulative instances of illness and stunting or microcephaly at 12–15 months.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the negative cumulative consequences of frequent febrile and respiratory illness on neurodevelopment during infancy. Future studies should explore pathogen-specific illnesses, host response associated with these syndromic illnesses, and their association with neurodevelopment.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy With Transit Loop Bipartition and Transit Bipartition in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Obesity: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Demir Canan , Arslan Ergin , Sariyildiz Gülçin , Anil Cüneyd , Banli Oktay 
Published: June 2023

Aim:
We aimed to compare 1-year postoperative results of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (LSG-TB) and transit loop bipartition (LSG-TLB) and mini gastric bypass (MGB).

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective comparison of 2 novel bariatric surgery techniques with MGB. Primary outcome measure of the study was a rate of T2DM remission. Secondary outcomes included excess body mass index (BMI) loss, improvement in hepatosteatosis, and duration of operation. Revision surgery needs were also assessed.

Results:
Overall, 32 patients underwent the LSG-TLB, 15 underwent LSG-TB, and 50 underwent MGB. Mean age and sex distribution were comparable for all groups. Presurgical BMI was similar in MGB and LSG + TB groups, whereas LSG + TLB group had significantly lower BMI values compared with the MGB group. In both groups, BMI values reduced significantly compared with respective baseline values. Excess BMI loss was significantly higher in patients who underwent LSG-TLB compared with patients treated with LSG-TB and MGB. Bariatric surgery procedures lasted shorter in LSG-TLB than in LSG-TB. However, the shortest of all was MGB. The remission of T2DM rates were 71% and 73.3% in LSG-TLB and LSG-TB groups, respectively (P > 9.999). The rate of revision surgeries was comparable in both groups.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, LSG-TLB took less time and provided significantly higher excess BMI loss compared with LSG-TB. T2DM remission and improvement rates were similar in both groups. LSG-TLB seemed like a promising bariatric surgery technique in patients with obesity and T2DM.
Systematic single-cell analysis reveals dynamic control of transposable element activity orchestrating the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition
Authors: Feng Cong , Tie Ruxiu , Xin Saige , Chen Yuhao , Li Sida , Hu Xiaotian , Zhou Yincong , Liu Yongjing , Hu Yueming , Hu Yanshi , Pan Hang , Wu Zexu , Chao Haoyu , Zhang Shilong , Ni Qingyang , Huang Jinyan , Luo Wenda , Huang He , Chen Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) process during definitive hematopoiesis in vertebrate is highly conserved. Stage-specific expression of transposable elements (TEs) has been detected during zebrafish EHT and may promote hematopoietic stem cell formation by activating inflammatory signaling. However, little is known about how TEs contribute to the EHT process in human and mouse.ResultsWe reconstructed the single-cell EHT trajectories of human and mouse, and resolved the dynamic expression patterns of TEs during EHT. Most TEs presented a transient co-upregulation pattern along the conserved EHT trajectories. Enhanced TE activation was tightly associated with the temporal relaxation of epigenetic silencing systems. TE products can be sensed by multiple pattern recognition receptors, triggering inflammatory signaling to facilitate the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, we observed that hypoxia-related signals were enriched in cells with higher TE expression. Additionally, we constructed the hematopoietic cis-regulatory network of accessible TEs and identified potential enhancers derived by TEs, which may boost the expression of specific EHT marker genes.ConclusionsOur study provides a systematic vision on how TEs are dynamically controlled to promote the hematopoietic fate decision through transcriptional and cis-regulatory networks, and pre-train the immunity of nascent hematopoietic stem cells.
Drebrin Regulates Collateral Axon Branching in Cortical Layer II/III Somatosensory Neurons
Authors: Dorskind Joelle M. , Sudarsanam Sriram , Hand Randal A. , Ziak Jakub , Amoah-Dankwah Maame , Guzman-Clavel Luis , Soto-Vargas John Lee , Kolodkin Alex L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProper cortical lamination is essential for cognition, learning, and memory. Within the somatosensory cortex, pyramidal excitatory neurons elaborate axon collateral branches in a laminar-specific manner that dictates synaptic partners and overall circuit organization. Here, we leverage mouse models, single-cell labeling and imaging approaches to identify intrinsic regulators of laminar-specific collateral, also termed interstitial, axon branching. We developed new approaches for the robust, sparse, labeling of layer II/III pyramidal neurons to obtain single-cell quantitative assessment of axon branch morphologies. We combined these approaches with cell-autonomous loss-of-function (LOF) and over-expression (OE) manipulations in anin vivocandidate screen to identify regulators of cortical neuron axon branch lamination. We identify a role for the cytoskeletal binding protein drebrin (Dbn1) in regulating layer II/III cortical projection neuron (CPN) collateral axon branchingin vitro.LOF experiments show that Dbn1 is necessary to suppress the elongation of layer II/III CPN collateral axon branches within layer IV, where axon branching by layer II/III CPNs is normally absent. Conversely,Dbn1OE produces excess short axonal protrusions reminiscent of nascent axon collaterals that fail to elongate. Structure-function analyses implicate Dbn1S142phosphorylation and Dbn1 protein domains known to mediate F-actin bundling and microtubule (MT) coupling as necessary for collateral branch initiation upon Dbn1 OE. Taken together, these results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate collateral axon branching in excitatory CPNs, a key process in the elaboration of neocortical circuit formation.Significance StatementLaminar-specific axon targeting is essential for cortical circuit formation. Here, we show that the cytoskeletal protein drebrin (Dbn1) regulates excitatory layer II/III cortical projection neuron (CPN) collateral axon branching, lending insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie neocortical laminar-specific innervation. To identify branching patterns of single cortical neuronsin vivo, we have developed tools that allow us to obtain detailed images of individual CPN morphologies throughout postnatal development and to manipulate gene expression in these same neurons. Our results showing that Dbn1 regulates CPN interstitial axon branching bothin vivoandin vitroand may aid in our understanding of how aberrant cortical neuron morphology contributes to dysfunctions observed in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and epilepsy.
Cryogenic tensile performance of 3D printed onyx–continuous carbon fiber composites
Authors: Siddiqui Sanna F. , Archer Andre , Fandetti Dustin , McGee Carl 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The aerospace, energy and automotive industries have seen wide use of composite materials because of their excellent mechanical properties, along with the benefit of weight reduction savings. As such, the purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of the mechanical performance of these materials under extreme operational conditions characteristic of in-service environments.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is novel in that it has evaluated the tensile performance and fracture response of additively manufactured continuous carbon fiber embedded in an onyx matrix (i.e. nylon with chopped carbon fiber) at cryogenic and room temperatures, for specimens manufactured with an angle between the specimen lying plane and the working build plane of 0°, 45° and 90°.

Findings
Research findings reveal enhanced tensile properties (i.e. ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) by the 0° (X) built specimens, as compared with the 45° (XZ45) and 90° (Z) built specimens at cryogenic temperature. A reduction in ductility is observed at cryogenic temperature for all build orientations. Fractographic analysis reveals the presence of fiber pullout/elongation, pores within the onyx matrix and chopped carbon fiber near fracture zone of the onyx matrix.

Research limitations/implications
Research findings present tensile properties (i.e. ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and elongation%) for three-dimensional (3D)-printed onyx with and without reinforcing continuous carbon fiber composites at cryogenic and room temperatures. Reinforcement of continuous carbon fibers and reduction to cryogenic temperatures appears to result, in general, in an increase in the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, with a reduction in elongation% as compared with the onyx matrix tensile performance reported at room temperature. Fracture analysis reveals continuous carbon fiber pull out for onyx–carbon fiber samples tested at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures, suggesting weak onyx matrix–continuous carbon fiber adhesion.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first study to report on the cryogenic tensile properties and fracture response exhibited by 3D-printed onyx–continuous carbon fiber composites. Evaluating the viability of common commercial 3D printing techniques in producing composite parts to withstand cryogenic temperatures is of critical import, for aerospace applications.
Leadership and collective learning: a case study of a social entrepreneurial organisation in Sweden
Authors: Eslahchi Morteza 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to enrich the scholarly discourse on learning within small social entrepreneurial organisations by examining how leadership can facilitate conditions conducive to collective learning during crises.

Design/methodology/approach
A longitudinal single-case study was conducted on a social entrepreneurial organisation in Sweden, operating within the integration field. The study involved comprehensive interviews and observations. Using a longitudinal approach facilitated an in-depth analysis of the organisation’s development over time.

Findings
The findings underscore that shifts in leadership can significantly influence collective learning. Specifically, the results suggest that establishing trust between the CEO and team members is a pivotal factor in cultivating conditions for collective learning and fostering the related processes, which persisted even during the pandemic. This trust catalysed inclusive and interactive actions that encouraged team members’ participation in day-to-day decision-making and strategic planning. Consequently, the organisation successfully leveraged its diverse knowledge resources, promoting knowledge sharing and experience exchange, crucial components of successful collective learning.

Research limitations/implications
This paper advocates for a departure from conventional leadership perspectives, proposing that a focus on team–leader relationships – a form of leadership in practice – can offer valuable insights into cultivating collective learning. This approach underscores the significance of collaboration and engagement among team members in promoting collective learning and accentuates the role of leadership in creating these conditions.

Practical implications
The examples provided on structuring, organising and leading virtual meetings could offer valuable insights for leaders. With the increasing adoption of hybrid workplaces combining remote and office environments, communication challenges within teams may arise. Therefore, these examples can aid leaders in formulating effective communication strategies that bridge the gap between remote and in-person team members, ensuring that everyone stays informed and engaged.

Originality/value
This study seized a unique opportunity to explore how leadership can create favourable conditions for collective learning during crises by collecting data both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Intravenous anakinra for the treatment of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Charlesworth James E. G. , Kavirayani Akhila 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHaemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) has a potentially high mortality rate. Anakinra, an interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, is now recommended early in HLH/MAS, with intravenous (IV) use proposed in critically unwell patients. This systematic review establishes the literature relating to IV anakinra in secondary HLH/MAS (sHLH/MAS).MethodsWe screened Embase, PubMed, and Medline, including all reports of IV anakinra for HLH or MAS. We extracted age, HLH/MAS trigger, continuous infusion or bolus dosing, and survival.ResultsTwenty‐nine case reports/series identified 87 patients (median age 22 years, range 22 months to 84 years), all with sHLH. Amongst identifiable triggers, 43% were systemic infection, 33% rheumatological, 9% oncological. Children had predominantly a rheumatological trigger (48%), whilst adults were more commonly infection‐driven (50%). Overall, rheumatologically triggered disease showed greater survival (83.3%), particularly compared with oncological triggers (42.9%). Children had a greater survival, particularly under 10 years (83%, vs. adults, 63%).ConclusionsDespite IV anakinra recipients likely to be critically unwell, this cohort had similar disease triggers and survival compared to large historical cohorts, and enhances awareness of age and trigger‐specific survival patterns. IV anakinra had a wide therapeutic dosing range and tolerability, regardless of trigger, demonstrating substantial utility in severe sHLH/MAS.
Performance Measurement and Discharge Data Based Analysis of Ultrasonic Assisted μEDM for Ti6Al4V
Authors: Raza Sohaib , Airao Jay , Nirala Chandrakant Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Unconventional machining of difficult-to-cut conductive materials with high accuracy, low heat-affected zone formation, and the ability to cut intricate geometries entitles micro-electrical discharge machining (μEDM) as the most versatile technology in micromachining. Ultrasonic vibration assistance further enhances the material-removing ability of the μEDM process while imparting several other benefits. The present work proposes a comparative study between the unassisted and ultrasonic vibration assisted μEDM to the tool electrode for machining microslots on Ti6Al4V material using an in-house developed tool holder. The characteristics of the discharge waveforms were captured using a data acquisition system at high sampling rates. The pulse discrimination system is used to perform an in-depth study of the discharge pulses. μEDM milling experiments were performed to machine microslots at varying input voltages, capacitances, and feed rates. The ultrasonic vibrations proved beneficial in addressing the primary issue associated with the μEDM process, i.e., the material removal rate (MRR) with a maximum of 35% increment. Applying ultrasonic vibrations reduced the recast layer and tool wear rate (TWR) and increased the surface finish.
Mitigation of the Pressure Pulsations in an Axial Turbine at Speed-No-Load With Independent Guide Vanes Opening
Authors: Kranenbarg Jelle , Jonsson Pontus P. , Mulu Berhanu G. , Cervantes Michel J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hydraulic turbines are operated more frequently at no-load conditions, also known as speed-no-load (SNL), to provide a spinning reserve that can rapidly connect to the electrical grid. As intermittent energy sources gain popularity, turbines will be required to provide spinning reserves more frequently. Previous studies show vortical flow structures in the vaneless space and the draft tube and rotating stall between the runner blades of certain axial turbines operating at SNL conditions. These flow phenomena are associated with pressure pulsations and torque fluctuations which put high stress on the turbine. The origin of the instabilities is not fully understood and not extensively studied. Moreover, mitigation techniques for SNL must be designed and explored to ensure the safe operation of the turbines at off-design conditions. This study presents a mitigation technique with independent control of each guide vane. The idea is to open some of the guide vanes to the best efficiency point (BEP) angle while keeping the remaining ones closed, aiming to reduce the swirl and thus avoid the instability to develop. The restriction is to have zero net torque on the shaft. Results show that the flow structures in the vaneless space can be broken down, which decreases pressure and velocity fluctuations. Furthermore, the rotating stall between the runner blades is reduced. The time-averaged flow upstream of the runner is changed while the flow below the runner remains mainly unchanged.
Structural disruption of Ntox15 nuclease effector domains by immunity proteins protects against type VI secretion system intoxication in Bacteroidales
Authors: Bosch Dustin E. , Abbasian Romina , Parajuli Bishal , Peterson S. Brook , Mougous Joseph D. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacteroidales use type VI secretion systems (T6SS) to competitively colonize and persist in the colon. We identify a horizontally transferred T6SS with Ntox15 family nuclease effector (Tde1) that mediates interbacterial antagonism among Bacteroidales, including several derived from a single human donor. Expression of cognate (Tdi1) or orphan immunity proteins in acquired interbacterial defense systems protects against Tde1-dependent attack. We find that immunity protein interaction induces a large effector conformational change in Tde nucleases, disrupting the active site and altering the DNA-binding site. Crystallographic snapshots of isolated Tde1, the Tde1/Tdi1 complex, and homologs from
Phocaeicola vulgatus
(Tde2/Tdi2) illustrate a conserved mechanism of immunity inserting into the central core of Tde, splitting the nuclease fold into two subdomains. The Tde/Tdi interface and immunity mechanism are distinct from all other polymorphic toxin–immunity interactions of known structure. Bacteroidales abundance has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease activity in prior studies, and we demonstrate that Tde and T6SS structural genes are each enriched in fecal metagenomes from ulcerative colitis subjects. Genetically mobile Tde1-encoding T6SS in Bacteroidales mediate competitive growth and may be involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Broad immunity is conferred by Tdi1 homologs through a fold-disrupting mechanism unique among polymorphic effector–immunity pairs of known structure.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteroidales are related to inflammatory bowel disease severity and progression. We identify type VI secretion system (T6SS) nuclease effectors (Tde) which are enriched in ulcerative colitis and horizontally transferred on mobile genetic elements. Tde-encoding T6SSs mediate interbacterial competition. Orphan and cognate immunity proteins (Tdi) prevent intoxication by multiple Tde through a new mechanism among polymorphic toxin systems. Tdi inserts into the effector central core, splitting Ntox15 into two subdomains and disrupting the active site. This mechanism may allow for evolutionary diversification of the Tde/Tdi interface as observed in colicin nuclease–immunity interactions, promoting broad neutralization of Tde by orphan Tdi. Tde-dependent T6SS interbacterial antagonism may contribute to Bacteroidales diversity in the context of ulcerative colitis.
Stakeholder-identified barriers and enablers to ultrasound implementation in inflammatory bowel disease services in the UK: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Radford Shellie , Leighton Paul , Coad Jane , Moran Gordon 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe study sought to explore and better understand the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders in relation to the use of ultrasound for the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults in the UK.DesignA qualitative semistructured interview study, using template analysis and normalisation process theory, was undertaken.SettingInterviews were conducted using virtual meeting software.ResultsFourteen participants were enrolled between 2nd of June 2021 and 6th of September 2021. Participants were from the following roles: medical gastroenterology and radiology doctors, IBD nurse specialists, patients living with IBD, healthcare service managers. Participants reported that perceived barriers included reliance on established imaging and care pathways, reluctance to change, lack of trust in ultrasound in relation to perceived lack of precision and the initial financial and time outlay in establishing an ultrasound service. Participants were enthusiastic for the uptake of ultrasound and discussed enablers to ultrasound uptake including the benefits to patients in terms of reduction in waiting times and earlier diagnosis and treatment allocation, reduced number of hospital appointments and patients having better understanding of their health.ConclusionThere are perceived barriers to achieving implementation of ultrasound. There is scant literature to effectively assess these reported barriers. Therefore, there is further research required in the areas of the impact of the use of ultrasound for the assessment of IBD in the UK.