bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Schmerztherapie bei minimal-invasiver Thoraxchirurgie
Authors: Bach Katharina , Volberg Christian , Wiesmann Thomas , Wulf Hinnerk , Schubert Ann-Kristin 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungThorakale Eingriffe sind häufig mit starken postoperativen Schmerzen verbunden. Obwohl diese bei thorakoskopischem Vorgehen in der Regel weniger ausgeprägt sind, sorgen die intraoperative mechanische Irritation, Kompression oder Verletzung von Interkostalnerven wie auch die häufig eingelegten Thoraxdrainagen für therapiebedürftige Schmerzen. Eine adäquate Schmerztherapie ist in der Thoraxchirurgie essenziell, da eine insuffiziente Inspiration infolge unzureichender Schmerzkontrolle das Auftreten postoperativer Komplikationen fördert. Bei der Thorakotomie galt die Epiduralanästhesie lange als Goldstandard. Für die videoassistierte Thorakoskopie wird sie aufgrund von Nutzen-Risiko-Überlegungen teils nicht mehr empfohlen. Es existieren alternative Thoraxwandblockaden wie der Paravertebralblock, der Erector-spinae-plane-Block und der Serratus-anterior-plane-Block, für deren Einsatz die Studienlage teilweise heterogen ausfällt.Dieser Artikel stellt die aktuellen Empfehlungen bezüglich des perioperativen Schmerzmanagements bei thorakoskopischen Eingriffen dar und gibt einen Überblick zu aktuellen PROSPECT-Empfehlungen sowie der aktuellen AWMF-Leitlinie zu peri- und postoperativer Schmerztherapie. Insbesondere werden einzelne regionalanästhesiologische Techniken und deren aktuelle Evidenz beleuchtet.
Biomechanik der Geburt
Authors: Oliveira Dulce , Moura Rita , Fidalgo Daniel 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Geburt eines Kindes ist ein natürlicher und komplizierter Prozess, der die koordinierten Anstrengungen mehrerer physiologischer Systeme erfordert. Während das klinische Verständnis der Geburt traditionell auf groß angelegten statistischen Studien beruhte, haben die jüngsten Fortschritte in der Biomechanik neue Wege zur Untersuchung der mechanischen Aspekte der Geburt eröffnet. Das Verständnis der Geburtsmechanik ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Verbesserung der geburtshilflichen Versorgung und der daraus resultierenden Gesundheit der Mütter und Kinder. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll einen umfassenden Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand auf dem Gebiet der Geburtsbiomechanik geben. Wir untersuchen verschiedene Aspekte der Geburt, vom Beginn der Geburt bis zum Austritt des Kindes und beleuchten die biomechanischen Prinzipien und Faktoren, die diesen dynamischen Prozess beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir die Herausforderungen, die mit der Untersuchung der Geburtsbiomechanik verbunden sind, und erörtern neue Technologien und Modellierungsansätze, die weitere Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet versprechen. Indem wir unser Verständnis der Geburtsbiomechanik vertiefen, können wir die klinische Praxis verbessern und zum allgemeinen Wohlbefinden von Frauen und ihrer Neugeborenen beitragen.
Disease severity, arrhythmogenesis, and fibrosis are related to longer action potentials in tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Fürniss Hannah E. , Wülfers Eike M. , Iaconianni Pia , Ravens Ursula , Kroll Johannes , Stiller Brigitte , Kohl Peter , Rog-Zielinska Eva A. , Peyronnet Rémi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Arrhythmias may originate from surgically unaffected right ventricular (RV) regions in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We aimed to investigate action potential (AP) remodelling and arrhythmia susceptibility in RV myocardium of patients with repaired and with unrepaired TOF, identify possible correlations with clinical phenotype and myocardial fibrosis, and compare findings with data from patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), a less severe congenital heart disease.

Methods
Intracellular AP were recorded ex vivo in RV outflow tract samples from 22 TOF and three ASD patients. Arrhythmias were provoked by superfusion with solutions containing reduced potassium and barium chloride, or isoprenaline. Myocardial fibrosis was quantified histologically and associations between clinical phenotype, AP shape, tissue arrhythmia propensity, and fibrosis were examined.

Results
Electrophysiological abnormalities (arrhythmias, AP duration [APD] alternans, impaired APD shortening at increased stimulation frequencies) were generally present in TOF tissue, even from infants, but rare or absent in ASD samples. More severely diseased and acyanotic patients, pronounced tissue susceptibility to arrhythmogenesis, and greater fibrosis extent were associated with longer APD. In contrast, APD was shorter in tissue from patients with pre-operative cyanosis. Increased fibrosis and repaired-TOF status were linked to tissue arrhythmia inducibility.

Conclusions
Functional and structural tissue remodelling may explain arrhythmic activity in TOF patients, even at a very young age. Surprisingly, clinical acyanosis appears to be associated with more severe arrhythmogenic remodelling. Further research into the clinical drivers of structural and electrical myocardial alterations, and the relation between them, is needed to identify predictive factors for patients at risk.

Graphical Abstract
Central illustration: summary diagram of essential study results. Note that not all results are depicted here. For more detail, see text. APA action potential amplitude, APD action potential duration, AUC area under the curve, TOF tetralogy of Fallot.
Improving the Resolution of MPM Recovered Relaxometry Parameters with Proper Time Domain Sampling
Authors: Parziale M. , Woertge D. , Mohebbi B. , Claussen J. , Augustine M. P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe matrix pencil method (MPM) is a powerful tool for processing transient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation signals with promising applications to increasingly complex problems. In the absence of signal noise, the eigenvalues recovered from an MPM treatment of transient relaxometry data reduce to relaxation coefficients that can be used to calculate relaxation time constants for known sampling time ∆t. The MPM eigenvalue and relaxation coefficient equality as well as the resolution of similar eigenvalues and thus relaxation coefficients degrade in the presence of signal noise. The relaxation coefficient ∆t dependence suggests one way to improve MPM resolution by choosing ∆t values such that the differences between all the relaxation coefficient values are maximized. This work develops mathematical machinery to estimate the best ∆t value for sampling damped, transient relaxation signals such that MPM data analysis recovers a maximum number of time constants and amplitudes given inherent signal noise. Analytical and numerical reduced dimension MPM is explained and used to compare computer-generated data with and without added noise as well as treat real measured signals. Finally, the understanding gleaned from this effort is used to predict the best data sampling time to use for non-discrete, distributions of relaxation variables.
Teacher perceptions of student motivation and engagement: longitudinal associations with student outcomes
Authors: Brandmiller Cornelius , Schnitzler Katharina , Dumont Hanna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudies have shown that teacher perceptions of student achievement influence teacher-student interactions, subsequently affecting student outcomes. However, teachers may also take note of and respond to the motivation and engagement of their students in a differential way, which could affect student outcomes as well. In the present study, we thus examined whether teacher perceptions of student motivation and engagement predict student achievement and self-reported motivation and engagement in reading and maths over several school years. Analysing longitudinal data from N = 2402 students and their teachers, we found that teacher perceptions of student motivation and engagement in Grade 5 were significantly related to student achievement in reading 1 year later and in maths 1, 2, and 3 years later. An association with student motivation and engagement was only found for maths 1 year later.
Real-time detection and management of rockfall hazards by ground-based Doppler radar
Authors: Carlà Tommaso , Gigli Giovanni , Lombardi Luca , Nocentini Massimiliano , Meier Lorenz , Schmid Lino , Wahlen Susanne , Casagli Nicola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRockfalls are ubiquitous products of landscape evolution in steep mountainous terrains. Among other effects, they pose a significant concern to the management of transportation corridors located on valley floors. Here, we describe the field application of a ground-based Doppler radar that performs real-time, long-range, wide-area detection and tracking of rockfalls and related slope hazards. We deployed the instrument at the Ruinon landslide, where accelerated deformation of upper chaotic debris has for several months promoted secondary mass wasting processes of extremely rapid velocity. In particular, large rolling boulders had the potential to propagate beyond the toe of the landslide and impact a road that connects important localities in the Italian Alps interiors. The Doppler radar was programmed to actuate a pair of traffic lights so that a predefined exclusion zone could instantly be enforced for approaching vehicles upon initial movement detection. We discuss the setup of the alarm system, the main observations collected during the monitoring campaign, and how this technique may enhance safety in areas critically exposed to rockfalls as well as our understanding of rockfall dynamics in general.
Bone Plates Runout Prediction Through Tensile Strength and Geometric Properties for Regulatory Mechanical Testing
Authors: Bologna Federico Andrea , Audenino Alberto Luigi , Terzini Mara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMechanical tests on bone plates are mandatory for regulatory purposes and, typically, the ASTM F382 standard is used, which involves a four-point bending test setup to evaluate the cyclic bending fatigue performance of the bone plate. These test campaigns require a considerable financial outlay and long execution times; therefore, an accurate prediction of experimental outcomes can reduce test runtime with beneficial cost cuts for manufacturers. Hence, an analytical framework is here proposed for the direct estimation of the maximum bending moment of a bone plate under fatigue loading, to guide the identification of the runout load for regulatory testing. Eleven bone plates awaiting certification were subjected to a comprehensive testing campaign following ASTM F382 protocols to evaluate their static and fatigue bending properties. An analytical prediction of the maximum bending moment was subsequently implemented based on ultimate strength and plate geometry. The experimental loads obtained from fatigue testing were then used to verify the prediction accuracy of the analytical approach. Results showed promising predictive ability, with R2 coefficients above 0.95 in the runout condition, with potential impact in reducing the experimental tests needed for the CE marking of bone plates.
A comparison of three feedback formats in an ePortfolio to support workplace learning in healthcare education: a mixed method study
Authors: De Ruyck Olivia , Embo Mieke , Morton Jessica , Andreou Vasiliki , Van Ostaeyen Sofie , Janssens Oona , Robbrecht Marieke , Saldien Jelle , De Marez Lieven 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Electronic portfolios (e-portfolios) are valuable tools to scaffold workplace learning. Feedback is an essential element of the learning process, but it often lacks quality when incorporated in ePortfolios, while research on how to incorporate feedback into an ePortfolio design is scarce.

Objectives
To compare the ease of use, usefulness and attitude among three feedback formats integrated in an ePortfolio: open-text feedback, structured-text feedback and speech-to-text feedback.

Methods
In a mixed method designed experiment, we tested with 85 participants from different healthcare disciplines, three feedback formats in an ePortfolio prototype. Participants provided feedback on students’ behaviour after observing video-recorded simulation scenarios. After this, participants completed a questionnaire derived from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The experiment ended with a semi-structured interview.

Results
Structured-text feedback received highest scores on perceived ease of use, usefulness, and attitude. This type of feedback was preferred above open-text feedback (currently the standard), and speech-to-text feedback. However, qualitative research results indicated that speech-to-text feedback is potentially valuable for feedback input on-premise. Respondents would use it to record short feedback immediately after an incident as a reminder for more expanded written feedback later or to record oral feedback to a student.

Implications
Structured-text feedback was recommended over open-text feedback. The quality of the speech-to-text technology used in this experiment, was insufficient to use in a professional ePortfolio but holds the potential to improve the feedback process and should be considered when designing new versions of ePortfolios for healthcare education.
Potato tuber origin and microbial composition determines resistance against soft rot Pectobacteriaceae
Authors: Kurm Viola , Mendes Odette , Gros Jack , van der Wolf Jan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) are the causative agents of soft rot and blackleg in potato. In this study, we investigated if potato seed lots of the same cultivar, but originating from different fields, inoculated with the same density of SRP and planted in the same field, showed differences in blackleg disease incidence. We tested if these differences were correlated with the microbial community composition in tuber, and the soil where the mother tubers were grown, as the microbiome is known to play a large role in plant disease resistance. We found that tubers from seed lots with a high disease incidence had a different microbial community composition than tubers from seed lots with a low disease incidence. Several taxa could be identified that were on average more abundant in seed lots with a low disease incidence. However, the taxa that differed in abundance were different between the two growing seasons. Most of the taxa that differed in abundance between seed lots with high and low disease incidence were also present in the soil of the fields from which the tubers originated. However, the taxa did not differ in abundance between the different fields. This raises the question as to how these taxa are recruited by the tuber.
Reward tampering and evolutionary computation: a study of concrete AI-safety problems using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Nilsen Mathias K. , Nygaard Tønnes F. , Ellefsen Kai Olav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReward tampering is a problem that will impact the trustworthiness of the powerful AI systems of the future. Reward Tampering describes the problem where AI agents bypass their intended objective, enabling unintended and potentially harmful behaviours. This paper investigates whether the creative potential of evolutionary algorithms could help ensure trustworthy solutions when facing this problem. The reason why evolutionary algorithms may help combat reward tampering is that they are able to find a diverse collection of different solutions to a problem within a single run, aiding the search for desirable solutions. Four different evolutionary algorithms were deployed in tasks illustrating the problem of reward tampering. The algorithms were designed with varying degrees of human expertise, measuring how human guidance influences the ability to discover trustworthy solutions. The results indicate that the algorithms’ ability to find and preserve trustworthy solutions is very dependent on preserving diversity during the search. Algorithms searching for behavioural diversity showed to be the most effective against reward tampering. Human expertise also showed to improve the certainty and quality of safe solutions, but even with only a minimal degree of human expertise, domain-independent diversity management was found to discover safe solutions.
Acidification of freshwater lakes in Scandinavia: impacts and recovery of chironomid communities under accelerating environmental changes
Authors: Belle Simon , Johnson Richard K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe re-examined the effects of acidification on Scandinavian freshwater lakes using paleolimnological reconstructions focused on subfossil chironomids. Our study showed a widespread shift in chironomid community composition occurring at around 1960 and corresponding with the maximum fallout of anthropogenic SO42− deposition. Results also showed that taxonomic turn-over was higher in chironomid records from nitrogen-limited lakes, likely due to the cumulative effects of acidification and eutrophication driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Despite strong evidence of chemical recovery from acidification, all lake records failed to show a return to pre-acidified community compositions and most chironomid communities instead continue to follow the trajectories triggered by acidification. We hypothesized that when SO42− deposition started to decrease after 1980, a period also marked by rapid environmental and climatic changes, the influence of pH and/or other acidification-related variables in structuring chironomid community became less important, thus, giving more relative importance to other drivers, such as brownification and climatic processes. Results, therefore, suggest the key role of acidification in shaping the response of chironomid communities to future environmental changes. Future paleolimnological studies will contribute to better manage aquatic ecosystems recovering from acidification worldwide by allowing managers to quantify the efficacy of different management actions taken to mitigate acidification as well as to redefine appropriate restoration targets.
Hyaluronic acid/diminazene aceturate combination ameliorates osteoarthritic anomalies in a rodent model: a role of the ACE2/Ang1-7/MasR axis
Authors: Habib Yasser H. , Sheta Eman , Khattab Mahmoud , Gowayed Mennatallah A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe implication of the tissue-localized renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) has been documented in the last decades. A combination of intraarticular (IA) corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid (HYAL) is approved for pain relief in patients with mild to moderate OA. Combining HYAL with an activator of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, diminazen aceturate (DIZE), was evaluated in this study for its therapeutic potential. Monosodium iodoacetate was used to induce OA. The effects of daily administration of DIZE versus once-per-week IA injection of HYAL and a combination of both drugs for 21 days on OA deformities in rats’ knees were observed. Evaluation of motor activities, pain, and inflammatory response was done using rotarod, knee bend, and knee swelling tests. RAS components, inflammatory biomarkers, and oxidative stress mediators were measured in the knee joint. X-ray radiological examination and histopathological investigations were used to assess joint degeneration and regeneration. Levels of both inflammatory and oxidative markers in knee joint homogenate of OA rats rose, and these increments were mostly improved by the three therapies with a more prominent effect of the drug combination, an effect that was also reflected in the behavioral tests. RAS markers have shown better responsiveness to the combination therapy over both drugs individually, showing a pronounced increase in the angiotensin 1–7 amount. Both radiological and histopathology investigations came to confirm the biochemical results, nominating a combination of HYAL and DIZE as a possible therapeutic option for OA.
Deep learning enhanced Watershed for microstructural analysis using a boundary class semantic segmentation
Authors: Fotos G. , Campbell A. , Murray P. , Yakushina E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of the materials are determined by the size and morphology of fine microscopic features. Quantitative microstructural analysis is a key factor to establish the correlation between the mechanical properties and the thermomechanical treatment under which material condition has been achieved. As such, microstructural analysis is a very important and complex task within the manufacturing sector. Published standards are used for metallographic analysis but typically involve extensive manual interpretation of grain boundaries, resulting in measurements that are slow to produce, difficult to repeat and highly subjective. Computer vision and the evolution of artificial intelligence in the past decade can offer solutions to such problems. Deep learning and digital image processing techniques allow digital microstructural analysis to be automated using a fast and repeatable method. This paper proposes a novel boundary class semantic segmentation approach (BCSS) to identify each phase of the microstructure and additionally estimate the location of the grain boundaries. The BCSS is then combined with more traditional segmentation techniques based on the Watershed Transform to improve the identification and measurement of each feature within the microstructure using a new, hybrid automated digital microstructure analysis approach. The new method is validated on a published dataset of two-phase titanium alloy microstructure pictures captured using a scanning electron microscope. Measurements match the level of accuracy of accepted manual standards, and the method is demonstrated to be more reliable than other automated approaches. The influence of the subjective nature of manual labelling, required to train the proposed network, is also evaluated.
Visualizing Fluid Flows via Regularized Optimal Mass Transport with Applications to Neuroscience
Authors: Chen Xinan , Tran Anh Phong , Elkin Rena , Benveniste Helene , Tannenbaum Allen R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe regularized optimal mass transport (rOMT) problem adds a diffusion term to the continuity equation in the original dynamic formulation of the optimal mass transport (OMT) problem proposed by Benamou and Brenier. We show that the rOMT model serves as a powerful tool in computational fluid dynamics for visualizing fluid flows in the glymphatic system. In the present work, we describe how to modify the previous numerical method for efficient implementation, resulting in a significant reduction in computational runtime. Numerical results applied to synthetic and real-data are provided.
Learning Language, Un/Learning Empathy in Medical School
Authors: Holmes Seth M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article considers the ways in which empathy for patients and related solidarity with communities may be trained out of medical students during medical school. The article focuses especially on the pre-clinical years of medical school, those that begin with orientation and initiation events such as the White Coat Ceremony. The ethnographic data for the article come from field notes and recordings from my own medical training as well as hundreds of hours of observant participation and interviews with medical students over the past several years. Exploring the framework of language socialization, I argue that learning the verbal, textual and bodily language of medical practice contributes to the increasing experience of separation between physicians and patients. Further considering the ethnographic data, I argue that we also learn a form of empathy limited to performance that short circuits clinical care and the possibility for solidarity for health equity. The article concludes with implications for medical education and the medical social sciences and humanities.