bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of multiple imputation to address intended and unintended missing data in case-cohort studies with a binary endpoint
Authors: Middleton Melissa , Nguyen Cattram , Carlin John B , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Lee Katherine J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Case-cohort studies are conducted within cohort studies, with the defining feature that collection of exposure data is limited to a subset of the cohort, leading to a large proportion of missing data by design. Standard analysis uses inverse probability weighting (IPW) to address this intended missing data, but little research has been conducted into how best to perform analysis when there is also unintended missingness. Multiple imputation (MI) has become a default standard for handling unintended missingness and is typically used in combination with IPW to handle the intended missingness due to the case-control sampling. Alternatively, MI could be used to handle both the intended and unintended missingness. While the performance of an MI-only approach has been investigated in the context of a case-cohort study with a time-to-event outcome, it is unclear how this approach performs with a binary outcome.
Methods: We conducted a simulation study to assess and compare the performance of approaches using only MI, only IPW, and a combination of MI and IPW, for handling intended and unintended missingness in the case-cohort setting. We also applied the approaches to a case study.
Results: Our results show that the combined approach is approximately unbiased for estimation of the exposure effect when the sample size is large, and was the least biased with small sample sizes, while MI-only and IPW-only exhibited larger biases in both sample size settings.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that a combined MI/IPW approach should be preferred to handle intended and unintended missing data in case-cohort studies with binary outcomes.
Development of an ANN based model to predict the CI engine performance and emissions fueled with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle based Biodiesel
Authors: Srinivasa M. , Srinivasa Ch. , Kumari A. Swarna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an approach in artificial intelligence that can be used to train and process the data using computers. Engineering, science, and pharmaceuticals are just a few of the many fields in which ANN is used. In the present work, ANN modeling has been used to forecast engine performance and emission characteristics. For network training, test data was gathered by running test rig using multiple fuel blends for a single-cylinder high-speed diesel engine. Data for the fuel input of the three distinct fuel used in the experiment - diesel, Mahua biodiesel (MME-20 and MME-50) and nano-blended fuels (50 ppm and 100 ppm) was taken from a framework. An artificial neural network based model was created to forecast performance and emissions using data from different fuels used in diesel engines. The simulation's findings showed that the developed diesel engine ANN 6-13-9 model could precisely forecast the engine performance and emission characteristics of a variety of alternative fuel blends. The Rtrain, Rval, Rtest, and Rall correction coefficients in the ANN 6-13-9 model were 0.99713, 0.99634, 0.99381, and 0.99617 respectively, indicating a stronger relationship between the expected and observed values.
Colonic Resection, stOma, or self-expanding metal Stents for obstruCtive left cOlon cancer. The CROSCO-1 study protocol
Authors: Giordano Alessio , Podda Mauro , Montori Giulia , Botteri Emanuele , Fugazzola Paola , Ortenzi Monica , Guerrieri Mario , Vettoretto Nereo , Agresta Ferdinando , Sartori Alberto , Bergamini Carlo , Martellucci Jacopo , Guariniello Anna , Fransvea Pietro , Azzinnaro Antonio , Scatizzi Marco , Catena Fausto , Coccolini Federico , Ansaloni Luca , Sartelli Massimo , Sapienza Paolo , Mingoli Andrea , Prosperi Paolo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. There are several causes of a mechanical left bowel obstructive but CRC accounts for approximately 50% of cases and in 10–30% of whom it is the presenting syndrome. In most cases, the left colon is involved. At present, the range of therapeutic alternatives in the management of obstructive left CRC in emergency conditions (primary resection vs staged resection with applied self-expanding metallic stents) is broad, whereas internationally validated clinical recommendations in each condition are still lacking. This enormous variability affects the scientific evidence on both the immediate and long-term surgical and oncological outcomes. CROSCO-1 (Colonic Resection, stOma or self-expanding metal Stents for obstruCtive left cOlon cancer) study is a national, multi-center, prospective observational study intending to compare the clinical results of all these therapeutic regimens in a cohort of patients treated for obstructive left-sided CRC. The primary aim of the CROSCO-1 study is the 1-year stoma rate of patients undergoing primary emergency surgical resection (Hartmann procedure or primary resection and anastomosis) compared with patients undergoing staged resection. Secondary outcomes are 30-day and 90-day major morbidity and mortality, 1-year quality of life and the timing of chemotherapy initiation in the two groups. Future CROSCO studies will follow in which, instead, we will evaluate the long-term oncological outcomes of the two treatment strategies ClinicalTrials.Gov ID Number, NCT05801211. Date: April 13, 2023. Protocol Version V2.1.
Molecular Docking Appraisal of Dysphania ambrosioides Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitor of a Key Triple-negative Breast Cancer Driver Gene
Authors: Anifowose Lateef O. , Paimo Oluwatomiwa K. , Adegboyega Fikayo N. , Ogunyemi Oludare M. , Akano Rukayat O. , Hammad Sherif F. , Ghazy Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a lethal and aggressive breast cancer subtype. It is characterized by the deficient expression of the three main receptors implicated in breast cancers, making it unresponsive to hormone therapy. Hence, an existing need to develop a targeted molecular therapy for TNBC. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway mediates critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. It is activated in approximately 10-21% of TNBCs, emphasizing the importance of this intracellular target in TNBC treatment. AKT is a prominent driver of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, validating it as a promising therapeutic target. Dysphania ambrosioides is an important ingredient of Nigeria's traditional herbal recipe for cancer treatment. Thus, our present study explores its anticancer properties through a structure-based virtual screening of twenty-five biologically active compounds domiciled in the plant. Interestingly, our molecular docking study identified several potent inhibitors of AKT 1 and 2 isoforms from D. ambrosioides. However, cynaroside and epicatechin gallate having a binding energy of -9.9 kcal/mol and -10.2 kcal/mol for AKT 1 and 2, respectively, demonstrate considerable drug-likeness than the reference drug (capivasertib), whose respective binding strengths for AKT 1 and 2 are -9.5 kcal/mol and -8.4 kcal/mol. Lastly, the molecular dynamics simulation experiment showed that the simulated complex systems of the best hits exhibit structural stability throughout the 50ns run. Together, our computational modeling analysis suggests that these compounds could emerge as efficacious drug candidates in the treatment of TNBC. Nevertheless, further experimental, translational, and clinical research is required to establish an empirical clinical application.
Stress Response and Phytoextraction Potential of Two Noccaea caerulescens Populations in Multicontaminated Soil
Authors: Sherri Mohammad Chafik , SIRGUEY Catherine , Kanso Ali , Hamze Kassem , Ouvrard Stéphanie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims Multi-contamination of soils by various organic and inorganic pollutants is considered an obstacle for the development of hyperaccumulator plants and phytoextraction of metals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in combination with trace elements on the antioxidant response and phytoextraction efficiency of the Ganges and Chavignée populations of the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens.Methods Plants were grown in soil containing some heavy metals at moderate concentrations under phenanthrene (PHE), a model PAH stress condition, for 17 days.Results In general, exposure to PHE resulted in a reduction of growth parameters, along with the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and compounds and limitations in nutrient uptake and heavy metal extraction in N. caerulescens. Variations were observed in the magnitude of enzymatic activities and the amount of extracted metals between the two studied populations. Chavignée plants exhibited a slightly more tolerant response to stress than Ganges.Conclusion The presence of PHE in the soil proved to be highly toxic for N. caerulescens. Nevertheless, to some extent, growth, metals extraction, and antioxidant defense responses differed slightly between the studied populations, suggesting that the difference in defense capacity might ensue different tolerance. This distinction may be related to the adaptations acquired by each population depending on the soil type it originated from.
Power System Fault Detection and Analysis of Distribution Line from Utility Perspective
Authors: Debnath Shourov , Kabir Shaharier , Shufian Abu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Almost a hundred percent of Bangladesh's population has access to electricity, and the country's generation capacities have expanded rapidly over the past few years. However, due to the poor distribution system, the reliability and quality of the delivered power remain significant concerns, and people still face interruptions in the power supply. Bangladesh's vision is to improve power quality and maintain uninterrupted electricity service by 2030. As distribution system faults are responsible for the majority of interruptions, this study focuses on detecting and analyzing the fault types and the timing of their occurrence. Two substations operating under the largest distribution company of Bangladesh REB from separate locations are selected for analysis purposes. And the result shows that half of the faults are L-G faults and around 35% of faults are L-L-G faults. If these faults can be minimized, the amount of interruption will be an acceptable rate. A set of recommendations is also brought out that can be used to minimize these faults. This paper aims to represent Bangladesh's current distribution network scenario.
Patterns of posterior calf injury due to sports related activities and their USG correlation
Authors: Patni Aaditya , Meena Ram Prasad , Bairwa Dinesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction– Posterior calf injury are a far less common presentation than the more commonly seen Achilles tendon injury in the orthopaedic department. Hence these need to be identified correctly for proper diagnosis and treatment of this clinical entity.
Background– Three posterior calf muscle, namely plantaris, Soleus and Gastrocnemius together constitute the ‘Triceps Surae’. Its strain is usually seen associated with sports related activities.
Aims and objectives – To identify the various patterns of posterior calf injury and their USG correlation.
Material and methods – During a period of 6 months, (April 2021 to September 2021), a total of 15 patients, who presented to orthopaedic department with complaints of sports related injury to the posterior calf were included in the study after obtaining proper informed consent. After proper history taking and examination, Realtime USG scans were done using high frequency (8 to 12 MHz) probe and findings noted.
Results– In our study, 15 patients with sports related posterior calf injury and their USG findings were evaluated. The mean age of the study group was 37.53. Left side (60%) was involved more than the right side (40%). Of the 15 patients, 12 (80%) were male and 3 (20%) were female. The most common activity associated with the injury was cricket (66.7%), followed by football (20%) and lastly running (13.3%). The USG scans showed Isolated Gastrocnemius strain to be the most frequent finding (60%), 44% of which were associated with fluid collection and 3 (33%) with thrombosis of Gastrocnemius vein. One patient with Soleus strain, one with strain of both Soleus and Tibialis posterior and one with combined Gastroc-Soleus strain were other muscular injuries noted. 3 patients had no triceps surae rupture but only fluid collection in the muscular planes (2) or thrombosis of Gastrocnemius vein (1).
Conclusion– Our study has identified that posterior calf injury is commonly seen in middle aged patients, involved with any sports activities. The strain of gastrocnemius muscle is the most common presentation (60%), more commonly on the left side (60%) and is usually associated with cricket (66.7%). These should be kept in mind while attending a patient with similar presentation.
Impact of Demographic Factors on Corneal Donor Recovery
Authors: He Xu , Munir Wuqaas M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose Death-to-preservation time (DTP) is a commonly reported, but infrequently studied, measure of efficiency for the corneal tissue procurement process and is a key screening component for corneal tissue suitability for transplantation. It is unknown whether demographic factors such as race, age, or gender may affect DTP.Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included all deceased-donor eye tissue collected by CorneaGen Eye Banks between June 1, 2012 and June 30, 2016. Exposure variables of race, age, and gender were independently analyzed with the outcome variable, DTP, using three simple linear regression analyses. Associations were then confirmed by a multiple linear regression analysis within a single model.Results A total of 24,138 unique donors were identified from 48,207 donor eyes. Simple linear regression analysis showed that relative to White donors, Black and Hispanic donors were associated with a 2.40 hour (95% CI 2.07–2.74 hours, p < 0.001) and 2.48 hour (95% CI 2.15–2.80 hours, p < 0.001) longer mean DTP, respectively. DTP decreased with increasing age, at a rate of 30 minutes per every 10 years (95% CI 27–33 minutes, p < 0.001). Male donors were associated with a 35 minute (95% CI 26–44 minutes, p < 0.001) longer DTP relative to female donors. A multiple linear regression confirmed the results of the three simple linear regressions.Conclusions In a large cohort of corneal donors, non-White race, younger age, and male gender were associated with longer DTP.
Prevalence, spatial pattern, and predictors of cardiovascular and chronic diseases: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Iyanda Ayodeji , Ade-Oni Adekunle , Omiyefa Seye , Krishnan Bargavi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim: To analyze the prevalence, spatial pattern, and predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic health conditions (CHCs) in Afghanistan.
Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional study of 3,956 adults aged 18-69, using population-based data from the World Health Organization's STEPwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey. The study determined the single and group prevalence of noncommunicable diseases based on sociodemographic and location characteristics. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between physical activity levels and non-communicable diseases.
Results: The prevalence rates for CVD, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol were 8.90%, 42.60%, 32.40%, 7.99%, and 11.87%, respectively. The prevalence of CVD increased with age and was notably higher among men, rural residents, and Zabul province. The prevalence of chronic conditions also increased with age, with higher rates among women and urban residents varying across different provinces. Spatial analysis showed a hotspot of CVD in the southern region, while other chronic diseases were clustered in the northern region. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that moderate occupational physical activity (PA) is linked to an increased risk of CVD and high cholesterol levels while being inversely associated with obesity. In contrast, moderate leisure-related PA is positively associated with obesity. Vigorous leisure-related PA, on the other hand, is linked to a decreased risk of CVD, obesity, and high cholesterol levels, while being positively associated with hypertension.
Conclusion: Findings provide valuable insights for healthcare providers and health coaches to design interventions to reduce the burden of CVD and CHCs for specific groups.
Understanding small NGOs' access to and use of geological data and expertise in delivering SDG 6 in eastern Africa
Authors: Wagaba Brenda , Sayan Caner , Haemmerli Hannah , Gill Joel , Parker Alison 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Groundwater resources have the potential to meet the water demands of vulnerable communities in eastern Africa. To ensure such groundwater resources are managed sustainably, robust geological knowledge must be available and utilised by those managing groundwater. Small NGOs are one type of practitioner working on water-related projects with remote and vulnerable communities. This study aimed to understand the access to and use of geological data and expertise by small NGOs involved in water-related projects, through an online survey and key-informant interviews. The study revealed that small NGOS want to use geological data but bureaucracy makes it difficult to access free, existing government geological data sources, and that datasets are not always stored appropriately. Funding constraints hinder the ability of small NGOs to access quality geological data from other sources and to hire appropriate expertise. Donors' lack of understanding of the value of geological data affects the ability of small NGOs to budget for and include the time needed to collect or access geological data. There is a need to recognise these barriers to the usability and accessibility of geological data and expertise by key actors working on water challenges, such as small NGOs, and take steps to address them.
Norfloxacin removal efficiency by a carbon filtration column under the influence of nanoplastics: mechanistic analysis and prediction model
Authors: Ji Hongliang , Liu Zhenzhong , Xie Xianchuan , Jiang Wen , Wan Siwen , Wang Boyan , Xiang Xiaofang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Activated carbon is often used in the drinking water advanced treatment process, which has good antibiotic removal capacity. However, the presence of nanoplastics (NPs) as carriers may increase the risk of antibiotic leakage in the carbon filtration column. We designed experiments with the polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) concentration, norfloxacin (NOR) concentration, flow rate, and ionic strength as four orthogonal factors to investigate the effects of each factor on NOR removal by carbon filtration columns. The influence mechanism of PSNPs was inferred by combining with NOR transport curves and characterization analysis, and a prediction model of NOR removal efficiency was established through back-propagation (BP) network. The results showed that the increase of both PSNPs concentration and flow rate decreased the NOR removal efficiency. There was an optimal value of NOR concentration to maximize the NOR removal efficiency, while with increasing ionic strength, the NOR removal efficiency decreased, then increased, and finally decreased again in an inverted ‘N’ pattern. Furthermore, PSNPs can affect NOR removal efficiency via carrier function and aggregation on the activated carbon surface. On the other hand, the relative errors of the predicted and experimental values for two evaluated samples were 3.37 and 6.62%, respectively, indicating a good prediction effect.
Optimization of thermal–alkaline pretreatment for dewatering of excess sludge followed by thermal/persulfate oxidation for the elimination of extracellular ARGs in TAP-treated filtrate
Authors: Yao Pengcheng , You Aiju 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This study evaluated the dewatering of excess sludge and the removal of extracellular antibiotic-resistant genes (eARGs) from the treated filtrate by thermal–alkaline pretreatment (TAP) and thermal/persulfate (PS). The optimization of TAP and thermal/PS was investigated during excess sludge dewatering and removal of eARGs via response surface methodology (RSM). The results demonstrated that TAP could effectively decrease the water content of excess sludge (41%) at optimum operating conditions (such as temperature: 88 °C, operation time: 90 min, pH: 11.2). However, the increase in eARGs abundance in TAP-treated filtrate is probably due to the dissolved effluent of the intracellular matter during dewatering. Therefore, TAP-treated filtrate was subjected to thermal/PS, and the removal of eARGs after TAP was explored. The desirability function was used to optimize two kinds of removal efficiencies of eARGs, simultaneously. The optimal pH, persulfate concentration, and reaction temperature were 10.2, 0.039 M, and 75.12 °C, respectively. 6.28 log·copies/mL of tetA and 6.57 log·copies/mL of sulI were removed under the above-mentioned conditions. The process provided efficient dewatering of excess sludge and elimination of eARGs from the filtrate.
Veno-occlusive Priapism, An Undesirable Outcome of Warfarin Therapy: A
Case Report
Authors: Roslly Mohd Zulkimi , Sulaiman Shameem , Hashim Anis Suhana 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Priapism is one of the urological emergencies requiring prompt medical or surgical intervention. The clinical diagnosis is made with adjunct cavernosal blood gas analysis and colour doppler ultrasound to determine the underlying aetiology; ischaemic or non-ischaemic, and the majority are veno-occlusive in origin (ischaemic). The occurrence of warfarin-induced priapism complicated with penile necrosis is a rare occurrence, and many cases are related to protein C deficiency.

Case Presentation:
We report a case of warfarin therapy initiation following a thromboembolic event as a sequela of Covid-19 infection, subsequently developed veno-occlusive priapism complicated with penile gangrene despite being in an overwarfarinized state. The penis was non-salvageable following the gangrenous event, even with prior cavernosal blood aspiration. Thrombophilia panel screening, which includes Protein C activity, was done, where the protein C activity was low, measuring 23%. Unfortunately, he succumbed to death due to severe cardiorespiratory complications before this blood result was ready.

Discussion:
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of priapism is needed to prevent loss of penile function. Priapism as a sequela of anticoagulant therapy should be suspected in a patient with recent anticoagulant initiation. Thus, immediate treatment can be administered to correct the underlying coagulation disorder.

Conclusion:
The development of veno-occlusive priapism and penile gangrene in a patient on warfarin therapy raises a concern about protein C deficiency.
Imidazo[4,5-b]Pyridines: From Kinase Inhibitors to more Diversified
Biological Properties
Authors: Jarmoni Karim , Misbahi Khalid , Ferrières Vincent 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines are amongst the oldest known heteroaromatic derivatives.
Their structural similarity with purine basis has however aroused the curiosity of biologists
and resulted in the developments of innovative bioactive compounds. This review
thus firstly describes the main synthetic ways currently used to produce imidazo[
4,5-b]pyridine derivatives, and secondly gives examples of their potential, especially
focusing on protein inhibition abilities, thus opening the way to applications as anti-cancer
or antimicrobial agents.