bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Island biogeography of birds in the South West Pacific: Direct and indirect effects of physical geography and co‐occurring vegetation
Authors: Ciarle Riccardo , Burns K. C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe distribution of birds among islands is thought to be regulated by island physical geography (i.e. island area, isolation and latitude). In contrast, work on continents indicates that bird diversity is often regulated by plant diversity. Consequently, the (statistical) direct and indirect effects of physical geography on island bird distribution are poorly understood. We investigated the relative roles of physical geography and vegetation in determining island bird diversity in the South West Pacific at two taxonomic scales of resolution: total bird diversity and bird diversity within functional guilds.LocationEleven archipelagos in the South West Pacific.TaxonLand birds.MethodsWe created a dataset characterising total and functional guild diversity for land birds and seed plants (i.e. Spermatophytes) among archipelagos. We then used mediation analysis to disentangle the direct and indirect (i.e. mediated) effects of physical geography and vegetation on bird diversity.ResultsOn a broad taxonomic scale, total bird diversity was directly determined by total plant diversity, not the area, isolation or latitude of islands. On a fine taxonomic scale results differed between functional guilds. The diversity of herbivorous and frugivorous birds was directly determined by physical geography rather than plant total and trait diversity. Woody and herbaceous plant species diversity mediated the effect of physical geography on forest‐dwelling, above ground nesting and ground nesting bird diversity. Granivorous, nectarivorous and grassland‐dwelling bird diversities were unrelated to both physical geography and herbaceous plant diversity.Main ConclusionsPhysical geography and vegetation can have both direct and indirect effects on island bird diversity. Furthermore, relationships between physical geography, vegetation and bird diversity can vary markedly among functional guilds.
Artificial intelligence in logistics and supply chain management: A primer and roadmap for research
Authors: Richey Robert Glenn , Chowdhury Soumyadeb , Davis‐Sramek Beth , Giannakis Mihalis , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe dawn of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform logistics and supply chain management radically. However, this promising innovation is met with a scholarly discourse grappling with an interplay between the promising capabilities and potential drawbacks. This conversation frequently includes dystopian forecasts of mass unemployment and detrimental repercussions concerning academic research integrity. Despite the current hype, existing research exploring the intersection between AI and the logistics and supply chain management (L&SCM) sector remains limited. Therefore, this editorial seeks to fill this void, synthesizing the potential applications of AI within the L&SCM domain alongside an analysis of the implementation challenges. In doing so, we propose a robust research framework as a primer and roadmap for future research. This will give researchers and organizations comprehensive insights and strategies to navigate the complex yet promising landscape of AI integration within the L&SCM domain.
Evaluation of the relationship among gene expressions and enzyme activities with antioxidant role and presenilin 1 expression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Işık Mesut , Tunç Abdullah , Duran Hatice Esra , Naldan Muhammet Emin , Yılmaz Aslan , Koçak Mehmet Nuri , Beydemir Şükrü 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is known that oxidative stress originating from reactive oxygen species plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the role of antioxidant status associated with oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease was investigated. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 28 healthy individuals (as control) and 28 Alzheimer's patients who met the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Catalase, glutathione S‐transferase and paraoxonase 1 enzyme activities in blood plasma and glutathione S‐transferase enzyme activities in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometer. Catalase, glutathione S‐transferase and presenilin 1 gene expressions in leukocytes were determined using qRT‐PCR. Data were analysed with SPSS one‐way anova, a LSD post hoc test at p < 0.05. The activity of each enzyme was significantly reduced in Alzheimer's patients compared to control. The catalase gene expression level did not change compared to the control. Glutathione S‐transferase and presenilin 1 gene expression levels were increased compared to the control.
Five‐year follow‐up of a clinic‐based sleep intervention for paediatric epilepsy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tsai Shao‐Yu , Lee Wang‐Tso , Lee Chien‐Chang , Jeng Suh‐Fang , Weng Wen‐Chin 
Published: September 2023

SummarySleep disturbances in children with epilepsy are prevalent, and are associated with substantial adverse medical and psychosocial consequences. This study is a 5‐year follow‐up of a clinic‐based sleep intervention study that randomized 100 toddlers and preschool‐age children with epilepsy to a usual care group or a sleep intervention group. The intervention group received standard paediatric neurology care plus three education sessions during the child's routine clinic visit. The outcomes measured were: (1) child sleep by actigraphy and parental report; and (2) maternal sleep and depression. We aimed to evaluate the long‐term benefits of a clinic‐based sleep intervention for paediatric epilepsy. In total, 42 families (42.0%) participated. The average child's age at follow‐up was 9.55 years. Thirty‐eight (90.5%) children were not obtaining sufficient sleep at baseline, and 40 (95.2%) at the 5‐year follow‐up. The numbers of children with clinically significant sleep disturbances were 40 (95.2%) at baseline and 36 (85.7%) at the 5‐year follow‐up. Fourteen mothers (33.3%) had poor sleep quality and high depressive symptoms at both assessment time points. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the child and maternal outcomes between the two trial arms. Overall, there was no evidence that a clinic‐based sleep intervention that effectively improved multiple aspects of sleep in toddlers and preschool‐age children with epilepsy had long‐lasting beneficial effects. Our findings suggest that sleep interventions for families of children with epilepsy require ongoing reinforcement and monitoring during routine paediatric neurology care to prevent sleep problems from persisting or recurring.
High precision triple oxygen isotope composition of small size urban micrometeorites indicating constant influx composition in the early geologic past
Authors: Zahnow Fabian , Stracke Tido , di Rocco Tommaso , Hasse Thilo , Pack Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present a method for high precision Δ′17O (Δ′17ORL = ln(δ17O + 1) – λRL ln(δ18O + 1)) analysis of small mass silicate and oxide materials. The analyses were conducted by laser fluorination in combination with gas chromatography and continuous flow isotope ratio monitoring gas spectrometry. We could analyze the oxygen isotope composition of samples down to 1 μg, which corresponded to about 13 nmol O2. The analytical error (we report the 1σ external reproducibility of a single analysis) in δ18O increases with decreasing sample sizes from ~0.2‰ for ~20 μg samples to ~0.9‰ for 1 μg samples. For Δ′17O, we achieved an external reproducibility of 0.04‰ for a sample mass range between 1 and 27 μg. The uncertainty in Δ′17O is smaller than the uncertainty in δ18O due to the correlated errors in δ17O and δ18O. We applied the method to urban micrometeorites, that is, small meteorites (<2 mm) that were sampled from a rooftop in Berlin, Germany. A total of 10 melted micrometeorites (S‐type cosmic spherules, masses between 11 and 22 μg) were analyzed. The oxygen isotope compositions are comparable to that of modern Antarctic collections, indicating that the urban micrometeorites sample the same population. No indication for terrestrial weathering had been identified in the studied set of urban micrometeorites making them suitable materials for the study of micrometeorite origins.
Benefits of Early Surgical Treatment for Patients with Multilevel Cervical Canal Stenosis of Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Quan , He Wei , Lv Jiaheng , Liu Hao , Yang Huilin , Zhang Junxin , Liu Tao 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionCurrently, there exists considerable debate surrounding the optimal treatment approaches for different subtypes of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the benefits associated with conservative treatment and treatments with different surgical periods for patients diagnosed with acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) and multilevel cervical canal stenosis (CCS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, and 93 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria in our hospital between 2015 and 2020 were followed for a minimum duration of 2 years. Among them, 30 patients (Group A) received conservative treatment, 18 patients (Group B) received early surgery (≤7 days), and 45 patients (Group C) received late surgery (>7 days). The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and recovery rate (RR) were evaluated. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze prognostic determinants. Cost‐utility analysis was performed based on the EQ‐5D scale.ResultsThe ASIA grade, JOA score, and RR of all three groups improved compared with the previous evaluation (P < 0.05). During follow‐up, the ASIA grade, JOA score, and RR of Group B were all better than for Group A and Group C (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between Group A and C (P > 0.05). The EQ‐5D scale in Group B was optimal at the last follow‐up. The incremental cost‐utility ratio (ICUR) of Group A was the lowest, while that of Group B compared to Group A was less than the threshold of patients’ willingness to pay. Age, initial ASIA grade, and treatment types significantly affected the outcomes.ConclusionsBoth conservative and surgical treatments yield good results. Compared with patients who received conservative treatment and late surgery, patients who received early surgery had better clinical function and living quality. Despite the higher cost, early surgery is cost‐effective when compared to conservative treatment. Younger age, initial better ASIA grade, and earlier surgery were associated with better prognosis.
Hot town, corruption in the city: Assessing the impact of form of government on corruption using propensity scores
Authors: Afonso Whitney , Nelson Kimberly 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis research explores the relationship between form of government and corruption using national municipal level data (1990–2020) using competing theoretical models; the principal–agent model and the professionalism–performance model. The principal–agent model suggests that the additional scrutiny provided by the electoral process will lead to a lower risk of corruption under the mayor–council form of government. The professionalism–performance model suggests that the professional training and incentives in place in the council–manager form will lead to a lower risk of corruption. However, it is difficult to examine the impact of the form of government on the incidence of corruption because there may be underlying community characteristics, such as population and poverty levels, that drive both the selection of form and corruption. Using propensity score matching and other propensity score methods to reduce the impact of confounding factors, this analysis finds robust evidence that the council–manager form reduces the risk of corruption, supporting the professionalism–performance model.
Optimal Hardy‐weights for elliptic operators with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Pinchover Yehuda , Versano Idan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe construct families of optimal Hardy‐weights for a subcritical linear second‐order elliptic operator with degenerate mixed boundary conditions. By an optimal Hardy‐weight for a subcritical operator we mean a nonzero nonnegative weight function W such that is critical, and null‐critical with respect to W. Our results rely on a recently developed criticality theory for positive solutions of the corresponding mixed boundary value problem.
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-Based Surrogate Modeling Approximation for Aeroengines Nonlinear Unbalance Responses
Authors: D'Alessandro Francesco , Festjens Hugo , Chevallier Gael , Cogan Scott , Benamara Tariq , Sainvitu Caroline 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Finite element (FE) models to simulate aeroengines rotordynamics become more and more complex thanks to the improvement of computational resources. Numerical simulations for industrial scale applications are nevertheless expensive in terms of computational effort because of their size and the presence of nonlinearities. In many-query frameworks (sensitivity or reliability analysis, model calibration, etc.), parametric studies have to be performed and the FE models are generally simplified or strongly reduced with a consequent loss of accuracy. Recent machine learning methods can be employed to build faster-to-evaluate surrogates of the original model. Nevertheless, this type of offline approach can be very demanding in terms of number of full order evaluations to reach a sufficient accuracy. The challenge is therefore to control the burden associated with the evaluation of the design of experiments (DoE) and the surrogate model training phase. This work presents a surrogate modeling technique to quickly and accurately reproduce the nonlinear unbalance responses of industrial scale rotor-dynamical models submitted to rotor–stator contact. About 20DOFs of the industrial FEM are considered in this work and a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based approximation (surrogate modeling technique known as POD-SM or nonintrusive POD in the literature) of their frequency dependent unbalance response are presented. In order to analyze the modeling uncertainties of a specific shaft's support of a modern aeroengine, its dynamical parameters (stiffness, damping, nonlinear contact parameters) are studied within a specific variation range, defining the design space covered by this study.
Teaching Optimization of Thermal and Fluid Machinery in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Vouros Stavros , Diamantidou Dimitra-Eirini , Kyprianidis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Higher education has been crucially impacted by the pandemic during the past years. Despite the associated challenges, a wide portfolio of digital literacies has been developed for the delegates. This work evaluates the introduction of digital tools into in-person education. The “Process Optimization” course at Mälardalen University (MDU) is reformed to operate in a digitally enhanced classroom mode. The course covers a variety of optimization methods applied on thermal and fluid machinery such as systems of compressors, pumps and heat exchangers, heat and power plants, aircraft trajectories, and propulsion systems. The constructive alignment is presented to illustrate links between learning objectives, learning activities, and assessment tasks. A series of digital tools is introduced to elevate learning experience prior, during, and after class time. Those comprise digital quizzes, a video channel, polls, a digital whiteboard, and a digital forum. The course is systematically instrumented, yielding a vast set of statistics for evaluating the effectiveness of digital tools as well as engagement levels for learners. The contribution of digitalization into standardizing the formative and summative assessment is discussed. It is observed that digital tools complement the participation into pre- and postclassroom activities. An interactive and digitalized course evaluation activity is also designed. This allowed learners and educators to productively exchange feedback in an inclusive manner. The accrued data provide insight into the impact of digitalization on the delivery of an applied engineering course. Lessons learnt comprise quantitative and qualitative outcomes arising from the perspectives of both learners and teachers. Guidelines and recommended practices are provided for the penetration of digital tools into synchronous and asynchronous learning activities. This paper identifies opportunities as well as space for improvement arising from the penetration of digital tools into the new era for education.
Radiant Thermal Test System for Turbine Blades Using a Novel Pattern Search Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Haonan , Jin Xiaochao , Liu Linchuan , Ji Xinkuo , Fan Xueling 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We established and validated a radiant thermal test system using a miniaturized quartz lamp heating device designed with a novel search algorithm to meet aero-engine blade heating requirements. The device can perform rapid, high-temperature gradient tests on new-material aero-engine blades, which cannot be achieved through electromagnetic induction. The algorithm, derived from the Monte Carlo method (MCM) and pattern search, can solve the problems of the classical iterative search algorithm by searching lamp parameters and reducing the algorithm's time complexity. These searched power parameters enable the system's closed-loop control to achieve temperature gradients easily. The corresponding heating process was also simulated using commercial numerical analysis software, serving as a numerical validation for the algorithm-based system. The device could meet the thermal fatigue test requirements for the blade at six different temperature control points, including a maximum temperature exceeding 1150 K, a maximum temperature difference exceeding 160 K within 20 mm, and a heating rate exceeding 30 K/s. Thus, the device provides a promising technique for rapid, high-temperature heat treatment of complex small components, and the algorithm makes designing miniaturized quartz lamp heating devices more accessible and versatile for small components.
An Algorithm for Starved Lubricated Journal Bearings With Optionally Locked Lube Oil Feed Grooves
Authors: Hagemann Thomas , Vetter Daniel , Schwarze Hubert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Starved lubrication occurs intentionally or unconsciously in many journal bearing applications. However, the determination of its concrete distribution in a journal bearing is rather complex as the different lube oil feed grooves interact with each other due to their connection by the lubricant flow along the pad surfaces and the periodic geometric property of the entire bearing. A robust numerical procedure to determine the lube oil distribution between the different feed grooves in a starved lubricated fixed-pad journal bearing is presented as an extension to Elrod's cavitation algorithm. The enhanced algorithm partly integrates flow rate boundary conditions into the linear system of equations for the solution of Reynolds equation and the transport equation. A strategy to couple these flow rate boundary conditions with the iterative procedure to determine the binary cavitation index is proposed. In particular, the algorithm enables an appropriate modeling of lube oil grooves with locked oil supply including the consideration of groove-specific dissipation or design features like bleed notches. The novel algorithm is implemented as a submodule of a thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic bearing code and validated with test data for a high-speed two-lobe bearing with embedded arc. Furthermore, a comprehensive parametric study provides an insight on the robustness of the implemented numeric procedure. Results, current limitations, and possible extensions to the algorithm are discussed.
Machine Learning-Based Optimizer for Tilting Pad Journal Bearing Inlet Flowrate
Authors: Gheller Edoardo , Chatterton Steven , Panara Daniele , Turini Gabriele , Pennacchi Paolo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In view of the green economy and energy transition, the reduction of the environmental impact of the power generation sector plays a key role. Fluid film bearings are the most common bearing for industrial turbomachinery and new design requirements have a direct impact on bearings operation. In fact, to achieve higher levels of efficiency, bearings must support higher specific loads and higher peripheral speeds. Furthermore, there is great interest in reducing the oil flowrate required for the bearing operation as much as possible. In this work, an optimization strategy for reducing the flowrate fed to tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) is proposed. An artificial neural network (ANN) is trained to estimate the static and dynamic performance of the bearings. The training dataset is built with a Reynolds-based thermo-hydrodynamic model. The trained ANN is then used in a constrained optimization that has the goal of minimizing the oil flowrate while ensuring safe bearing operation. Predictions are compared with experimental data from compressor mechanical running tests. The proposed model is an effective tool that can help industry achieve the goals required by the energy transition and can help in the development of optimized fluid film bearings.
Modified Atangana–Baleanu Caputo Operator for Time-Fractional Kuramoto–Sivashinsky Equation Via Quintic B-Splines
Authors: Deswal Komal , Choudhary Renu , Kumar Devendra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A novel numerical scheme for the time-fractional Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation is presented in this article. A modification of the Atangana–Baleanu Caputo derivative known as the modified Atangana–Baleanu Caputo operator is introduced for the time-fractional derivative. A Taylor series-based formula is used to derive a second-order accurate approximation to the modified Atangana–Baleanu Caputo derivative. A linear combination of the quintic B-spline basis functions is used to approximate the functions in a spatial direction. Moreover, through rigorous analysis, it has been proved that the present scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent. Finally, two test problems are solved numerically to demonstrate the proposed method's superconvergence and accuracy.
Shape Memory Alloy Based Soft Gripper
Authors: Baek Hangyeol , Khan Abdul Manan , Bijalwan Vishwanath , Kim Youngshik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel soft gripper using Arc-shaped Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators. The manipulator is designed to have compliance, making it suitable for grasping various objects including irregularly shaped or soft objects. The SMAs are activated by heating, causing them to contract and generate force. By controlling the heating of the SMAs, the manipulator can be controlled to move and grasp or hold objects. The design of the manipulator is described, including the selection of SMAs and the control scheme used to activate them. The performance of the manipulator is evaluated through experiments, which demonstrate its ability to perform various manipulation tasks. The results show that the use of SMAs allows for compliant and flexible manipulation can be achieved.