bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similarity accounts of counterfactuals: A reality check1
Authors: Hájek Alan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo an unusual extent, philosophers agree that counterfactuals have truth conditions involving the most similar possible worlds where their antecedents are true, in the style of the celebrated and path‐breaking Stalnaker/Lewis accounts. Roughly, these accounts say that the counterfactual if A were the case, C would be the case is true if and only if at the most similar A‐worlds, C is true. I will argue that there are general structural problems with the appeals to both “the most” and “similar”. I will challenge any fixation on ‘the most __ worlds’, however we fill in the blank with a non‐trivial ordering of worlds: in ignoring worlds that are later in the ordering, it adjudicates various implausibly specific counterfactuals to be true. I will then raise foundational problems for appealing to ‘similarity’—from consequents that are chancy, disjunctive antecedents, and unspecific antecedents more generally. I will also raise further problems for a number of specific proposals for understanding ‘similarity’. A recurring theme will be the tension that may arise between probability and similarity considerations. I will end by arguing for a paradigm shift, replacing ‘the most similar worlds’ approach with one based on conditional chances.
Use of stored carbon for new organ development in apple saplings in early spring for two consecutive years after 13C labelling
Authors: Imada Shogo , Tako Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe use of stored carbon is essential for new organ development in deciduous trees during early spring. However, the contribution of carbon to the development of new organs in early spring of subsequent years is not well understood. Using a 13C labelling approach, we investigated the reallocation of assimilated carbon into new aboveground organs on apple (Malus domestica) saplings in the following two years. Eight three‐year‐old potted saplings were exposed to 13CO2 in an exposure chamber on each of eight different dates during the growth season. Some of the trees were harvested in the late autumn of the same year. The remaining trees were transferred to a field and cultivated during the two following growing seasons. We directly showed that the assimilated 13C was used to develop terminal and flower buds for two consecutive years after labelling. The proportions of the concentration of 13C remobilized to the terminal and flower buds in the second year were 5 and 24% of those in the first year after labelling, respectively. The concentration of assimilated 13C was higher in the terminal buds than in the flower buds in the first year after the labelling, while opposite results were found in the second year. This study demonstrates that the stored carbon used for the development of new organs was a mixture of recent‐ and old‐stored carbon and indicates that recently‐stored carbon was preferentially used to develop new organs. We also indicated that the stored carbon was remobilized to flower buds during development.
Litigating the Fit for 55 Package: Statutory and rights‐based challenges to national energy and climate plans as a means of implementing and/or enhancing the ambition of the EU's Fit for 55 Package
Authors: Kelleher Orla , Daly Clodagh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite the growing recognition of climate change's impact on human rights, it is not clear that the Fit for 55 Package has been informed by human rights. This prompts questions as to whether human rights arguments might therefore be used in the next wave of EU level climate litigation. This article draws together different threads in climate litigation—‘framework’ cases, the human rights turn, and climate plan‐based challenges—to explore how the EU's procedural governance mechanisms together with fundamental rights could be used to ensure implementation of, or to enhance the ambition of, the EU's Fit for 55 Package. Specifically, the article examines how litigation relating to National Energy and Climate Plans could be used to ensure policies and measures are implemented to meet existing targets or to push for greater ambition in the EU's Fit for 55 Package.
Robust Local Governance Responses in the Context of Turbulence: The Case of Collaborative and Co‐Created COVID‐19 Pandemic Responses in Two Local Authority Areas in England
Authors: Blamire Joshua , Rees James 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic required local and national governments to respond urgently and rapidly to new and unprecedented challenges. According to an influential strand of literature within public administration, public agencies must exhibit robust governance strategies to tackle the unpredictability, instability and complexity of a turbulent event such as the COVID‐19. In the face of turbulence, robust governance is characterised by adaptability, agility and innovation and co‐creating with partners and communities, while governance systems must evolve so that they perform more effectively in the future. This paper examines how two local authorities in England responded to the pandemic. We draw upon a novel qualitative dataset obtained through privileged access to senior council staff, elected members and council partners. Both ‘Metaltown’ (North West) and ‘Milltown’ (West Midlands) were poised, at the outset of the pandemic, to be badly hit by COVID‐19 due to their population characteristics, relative deprivation and occupational structures, and the areas did experience some of the highest numbers of infection rates and coronavirus‐related deaths. The two local responses both entailed multi‐agency action with the local authority working alongside partners in the police, emergency services, health, education, transport and housing sectors, with private enterprise and with community groups to manage the challenges. Although we observed robust governance strategies, this occurred in the absence of any deliberate policy design at the national level. Instead, the responses were locally determined, fit for purpose and adaptive in response to challenges that emerged on the ground. The findings suggest a need to modify the robust governance framework to better account for contextually specific circumstances. This has implications for how local and national governments respond to current and future challenges, such as the ongoing cost‐of‐living and climate crises.
Dosimetry of Continuous Random Motion in High Dose Rate Strontium‐90 Plesiotherapy
Authors: Selting Kim A , Schutte Jenny , Sarol Jesus N , Maitz Charles A , Morimoto Celina , Yee Jennifer , Najjar Waleed Al , Aldelaijan Saad I , Lattimer Jim C 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTStrontium‐90 plesiotherapy delivers high doses of radiation to superficial lesions (<3 mm depth) with excellent sparing of deeper tissues. The sealed‐source applicator tip is circular and 8–10 mm in diameter. Larger treatment fields are treated with multiple overlapping fields. The applicator cannot conform to angular extensions of irregularly shaped fields, resulting in unnecessary treatment of normal tissue, and overlapping fields can overdose in some areas. With strontium‐90 sources that have high activity and thus a high dose rate, small variations in duration and position of placement can be even more consequential. This prospective investigation used radiochromic film to evaluate the dosimetry of adjacent, static, overlapping fields compared with that of the same target area treated with the applicator in continuous motion intended to achieve the prescribed exposure to all points within the target. The intent was to minimize over‐ and underdosed areas. Three shapes of target field were used: single 2 cm circle, curvilinear field, and cloverleaf. Application times were calculated to deliver the dose to the surface, and the procedure was repeated by four operators for qualitative evaluation (1 Gy/100 cGy to target) and four operators to generate quantitative data (5 Gy/500 cGy to target). We found significant differences between methods among operators, dependent on the number of fields, and in dose drop‐off at the margin of the treated field. In almost every comparison, continuous motion was more homogenous (p ≤ .01 for standard deviation from expected dose). The continuous motion technique can be used for strontium plesiotherapy when the applicator must be held.
Treatment of antebrachial deformities secondary to premature closure of the distal radial physis using circular external skeletal fixation and distraction osteogenesis in skeletally immature dogs
Authors: de Moya Kevin A. , Gauthier Christopher M. , Radasch Robert M. , Lewis Dan D. , Kim Stanley , Palmer Ross H. , Bleedorn Jason 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo report clinical outcomes of skeletally immature dogs with antebrachial deformities secondary to premature closure of the distal radial physis (PCDRP) treated with angular corrections and distraction osteogenesis using circular external skeletal fixation (CESF).Study designRetrospective multi‐institutional case series.AnimalsA total of 12 client‐owned dogs with premature distal radial physeal closure.MethodsMedical records from four hospitals between 2009 and 2022 were reviewed. Preoperative and final radiographic measurements of limb alignment and osteoarthritis were compared. Long‐term outcomes were obtained using an owner questionnaire.ResultsMean ± SD age and bodyweight were 7.5 ± 1.7 months and 12.8 ± 11.1 kg. Distal radial corrective osteotomies and distraction osteogenesis were performed in all dogs. Mean ± SD time between surgery and fixator removal was 78 ± 20 days. Uncomplicated osseous union was documented in 9/12 dogs. Final mean affected limb anatomic lateral distal radial angle (aLDRA) of 85.6° was higher than preoperative values 71.6° and within reported normal ranges. A total of 10 of 12 dogs had mild non‐progressive elbow osteoarthritis at final follow up, including two dogs with mild residual elbow incongruity. Major complications occurred in two dogs and included permanent carpal flexor contracture and radial fracture through a pin tract. Minor complications including persistent loss of carpal extension, radioulnar synostosis, and pin tract drainage occurred in 10/12 dogs. Owner questionnaires were obtained from 8/12 dogs and all reported good to excellent function.ConclusionAngular correction and lengthening using CESF can achieve target alignment and improved clinical function with moderate complications in growing dogs with PCDRP.Clinical significanceDistraction osteogenesis and angular corrections can be considered as a treatment option for PCDRP in skeletally immature dogs.
Research Progress on Digital Reading Behavior: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Yang Yang , Adnan Hamedi Mohd , Javed Muhammad Naeem 
Published: January 2025

Digital reading uses a screen as the primary medium for reading, distinguishing it from traditional paper-based reading. About 5.2 billion people worldwide use electronic devices to connect to the Internet, which has become the basis for the development of digital reading. Although there are currently bibliometric studies on digital reading and digital literacy, there is still a lack of information regarding digital reading behavior. This study employs VOSviewer software to conduct an in-depth bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science database, following the PRISMA guidelines for literature review studies. Drawing on 312 articles as research data, the study identified Chen as the leading researcher in digital reading behavior, as a result of publication volume, the number of references, and citation impact. China and the UNITED STATES are the most frequently cited countries on digital reading behavior. The Electronic Library, Computers & Education, and Frontiers in Psychology are the top three journals regarding productivity and references in works related to digital reading behavior. Extant research mainly focuses on four primary topics: digital reading literacy based on meta-cognitive strategies, the effect of information and communication technology on digital reading performance, digital reading intentions under the technology acceptance model, and digital reading strategy optimization with eye-tracking technology. This bibliometric analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the research landscape on digital reading behaviors, offering new insights within the existing literature through a comprehensive examination of researchers, publications, and critical themes.
The Impact of Ankle Plantar-Flexor Muscle Strength on Sprint Acceleration in Floorball Players
Authors: Vecbērza Līga , Šmite Zane , Plakane Līga , Ābeļkalns Ilvis 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Speed is a crucial physical characteristic where each lower-limb ankle plantar-flexor (PF) muscle needs to generate significant force; however, there is limited evidence about the relationship between single-limb isometric, and reactive strength forms, and linear sprint. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the maximal unilateral isometric strength of the ankle PF muscle and reactive strength on sprint acceleration performance. Material and Methods: Thirty-two male floorball players (mean [SD] age 20.3 [3.0] y, height 181.5 [8.5] cm, body mass 77.4 [12.2] kg, and body mass index 22.3 [2.8]) from 2 clubs in the highest division in Latvia performed 20-m linear sprint, unilateral 10/5 repeated jump (reactive strength index [RSI]), ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion, and isometric seated plantar-flexion strength tests, where all data were used for correlational analysis. Results: Unilateral RSI was associated with 20-m sprint time (r = −.52, P < .01) and average speed from 10 to 20 m (r = .72, P < .01). Relative PF strength was associated with unilateral RSI (r = .35, P < .05) and 20-m sprint time (r = −.36, P < .05), whereas ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion was associated with unilateral RSI jump height (r = .47, P < .05). Conclusions: Floorball athletes with higher unilateral RSI and isometric PF muscle strength tend to accelerate faster, but subjects with better ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion jump higher in vertical repeated jumps. These findings suggest that both reactive and isometric strength are key indicators for sprint acceleration performance in floorball athletes, providing coaches with tools to monitor and improve performance.
Exploring the Influence of Interorganization Networks on the Dissemination of National Health Behavior Guidelines
Authors: Kauffeldt Kaitlyn D. , Gainforth Heather L. , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. , Faulkner Guy , Tomasone Jennifer R. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Interorganization partnerships are important for the development and knowledge mobilization of national health behavior guidelines. However, little is known about how to improve the dissemination of guidelines across professional networks. Social network analysis may offer unique insight into the social structure of interorganization networks and provide guidance for how network features may be harnessed for effective dissemination. The objectives of this study were to apply social network analysis to (1) analyze the connectedness of organizations and/or subgroups within a national health behavior guideline network and (2) identify organization attributes associated with influential network positions. Methods: Organizations involved in the development and dissemination of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults were invited to complete an online survey to examine the connections among health-promoting organizations in Canada. Data were analyzed using UCINET Version 6. Network maps were generated for the interorganization network and its subgroups, and descriptive frequencies were calculated for demographic characteristics. Associations between organization attributes and centrality measures were calculated using Point-Biserial and Spearman rank correlations. Results: Thirty-four organizations completed the survey and reported 228 organizational ties. Density scores for each dissemination network ranged from 1% to 5%, demonstrating the potential for constrained information sharing (ie, dissemination) between organizations. Five attributes were significantly associated with centrality measures, which included location, sector, size, resource allocation, and previous dissemination of sedentary behavior guidelines. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate the utility of social network analysis for understanding knowledge mobilization across networks and offer guidance for how network features may be leveraged to enhance knowledge mobilization outcomes.
Physical Activity and Life Expectancy Free of Cancer: Prospective Evidence From the UK Biobank Study
Authors: Sanchez-Lastra Miguel Adriano , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Ekelund Ulf , Tarp Jakob , Ding Ding 
Published: January 2025

Background: Life expectancy free of cancer (LEFC) is a novel measure that considers both morbidity and mortality and could be a useful metric for disease surveillance and risk communication. We aimed to examine the association between physical activity and LEFC in British adults. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 292,559 apparently healthy UK Biobank participants (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [8.1] y, 51% women). Participants were categorized based on self-reported physical activity as “no activity” (0 min/wk), “insufficiently active” (10–599 metabolic equivalent-min/wk), “active” (600–1199 metabolic equivalent-min/wk), and “very active” (>1200 metabolic equivalent-min/wk). Hazard ratios from multistate models for transitions between 3 states (cancer-free, cancer diagnosis, and all-cause mortality) were used to calculate differences in predicted remaining LEFC across physical activity levels for men and women at ages 45 and 65 years. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.0 years, we recorded 13,143 cancer cases for men and 10,255 for women, and 6488 deaths for men and 3739 for women. At age 45, “insufficiently active,” “active,” and “very active” had a higher LEFC by 2.35, 2.46, and 2.76 years compared with “no activity,” and by 1.44, 1.62, and 1.84 years at age 65. In women, the “insufficiently active,” “active,” and “very active” had a higher LEFC by 1.09, 1.42, and 1.59 years at age 45, and by 1.25, 1.54, and 1.71 years at age 65. Conclusions: Engaging in physical activity, even below recommended levels, appears to extend cancer-free years of life. Promoting physical activity is an important strategy for cancer prevention.
Multicenter validation of a galactomannan chemiluminescence immunoassay for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis on serum of patients with hematological disease
Authors: Lamberink Hanne , Huygens Sammy , Aerts Robina , Lagrou Katrien , van Dijk Karin , Langerak Diana , Moors Ine , Boelens Jerina , Reynders Marijke , Maertens Johan , Schauwvlieghe Alexander , van Westreenen Mireille , Chong Ga-Lai M. , Verweij Paul E. , Buil Jochem B. , Rijnders Bart J. A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

An accurate diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with underlying hematological malignancies relies heavily on galactomannan detection. In this study, we compared the VirCLIA chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) with the frequently used Platelia enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on serum from hematology patients with suspected IA. Patients were categorized according to EORTC/MSGERC 2020 definitions into proven/probable IA and possible/no IA. The first cohort included 161 patients at four centers, and the VirCLIA manufacturer’s cutoff of 0.200 was evaluated. Next, the optimal cutoff was determined using the Youden’s index. In a second independent cohort of 189 patients from four centers, this optimal cutoff was evaluated again. In the first cohort, sensitivities and specificities for probable/proven IA were 21.1% and 100.0% for ELISA (1.0 cutoff) and 36.6% and 95.6% (0.5 cutoff), compared to 11.3% and 97.8% for CLIA (0.200 cutoff). In the second cohort, the sensitivities of ELISA and CLIA were comparable (ELISA ≥ 1.0: 33.3%, CLIA ≥ 0.200: 38.1%). The area under the ROC curve was lower for CLIA than for ELISA in the first cohort (65.0% vs 78.7%,
P
= 0.005) but comparable in the second cohort (79.5% vs 81.3%,
P
= 0.649). Youden’s index identified 0.100 as the optimal CLIA cutoff with sensitivities of 35.2% and 61.9% in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively, at slightly reduced specificities of 85.6% and 90.5%. While the sensitivity of both assays was low to moderate at best, in patients with a high pre-test probability, we suggest 0.100 as the cutoff for the VirCLIA assay.

IMPORTANCE
This study demonstrates a comparable performance of the novel chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and the conventionally used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for galactomannan serum testing in hematological patients at high risk for invasive aspergillosis. In patients with a high pre-test probability, a lower CLIA cutoff of 0.100 is preferred.
KRT9 is required for GBP5 suppression of human respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Qu Xinglong , Zhu Ziqi , Zhou Xinpei , Wu Xuehan , Liu Xin , Sun Xiaoyu , Zhang Jiayue , Du Guanyi , Xue Runyu , Zhang Qianhua , Zhang Wenyan , Li Zhaolong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections continue to plague infants, young children, and older individuals worldwide. Since there is no specific treatment for RSV, characterizing the interactions between RSV and host factors remains crucial for the eventual development of robust therapeutic interventions. In our previous study, guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5) was shown to promote excessive RSV-small hydrophobic (RSV-SH) protein secretion by microvesicles and inhibited viral replication. In this study, using affinity mass spectrometry, keratin (KRT) 9 was identified to be required for GBP5 to trigger RSV-SH transport. Silencing KRT9 expression reduced the antiviral effects of GBP5 and interferon-γ. A direct interaction was detected between KRT9 and GBP5, but not RSV-SH; a GBP5 binding domain was identified on KRT9. Our results suggest that GBP5, as a bridge, interacts with KRT9 and RSV-SH, after which KRT9 triggers RSV-SH transport. The mechanism underlying the interaction between KRT9 and GBP5 explains the inability of the GBP5-C583A and GBP5-△C mutants in inhibiting RSV replication. Conversely, KRT1, KRT5, and KRT6C, which were identified as potential partners of KRT9, did not affect the GBP5 anti-RSV process. Overall, our study provides evidence for KRT9 involvement in host innate immunity for the first time.

IMPORTANCE
RSV causes severe acute lower respiratory tract infections, which have posed serious health and safety risks to children and older adults worldwide. Although some RSV interventions are available, the longer-lasting monoclonals, which are expensive, are required to be injected before RSV infection, and their protection is observed only up to one RSV infection season; vaccines are currently only available to the elderly but are not suitable for application in infants and young children. As specific drug treatments are absent, a systematic and in-depth mechanism for research is essential. In our study, KRT9 was identified to play an important role in the GBP5 anti-RSV process for the first time. This investigation improved the interaction mechanism between GBP5 and RSV, provided new evidence for the synergistic effect between keratin transport and innate immunity, and opened a new research direction with GBP5 and the keratin transport system as the main subjects.