bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Craniosynostosis
Authors: Jackson I. T. , Dubin B. , Chandra Ramesh , Chabra D. K. , Singh Arun Kumar , Kumar Pramod 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA 4 year old female child with Graniosynostosis (Grouzon's syndrome) was operated upon on 10.3.87, during the Ist National Workshop on Plastic Surgery at the King George's Medical College, Lucknow, in collaboration with the department of Neuro Surgery. The details of planning, management and the result of treatment in her is being presented.
Raidal Forearm Island Flap in the Management of Severe Adduction Contracture of Thumb
Authors: Kalra G. S. , Bhatnagar S. K. , Chandra R. , Pandey S. D. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe use of radial forearm flap as a distally based island flap for severe adduction contracture of thumb is being presented. The advantages and vascular basis of this flap has been discussed.
Tissiers's 0-14 Flefts
Authors: Bhattacharya S. , Bhatnagar S. K. , Pradhan K. L. , Singh A. K. , Chandra R. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryClefts on 0-14 axis of Tessier have two distinctly different presentations. With a hypoplastic presentation there is an involvement of the forebrain and as ‘face foretells the brain’ a severe hypoteloric appearance is always associated with severe brain damage and poor life expectancy. With hypertelorism however the spectrum of presentation may extend from the less severe hypertelorism alone to the most severe form of median cleft lip and palate, bifid nose and cranium bifidum accultum which are amenable to corrective craniofacial surgery.
Structural relaxation of water during rapid cooling from ambient temperatures
Authors: Kringle Loni , Kay Bruce D. , Kimmel Greg A. 
Published: August 2023

Experiments investigating the properties of deeply supercooled liquid water are needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of water’s anomalous properties. One approach involves transiently heating nanoscale water films into the supercooled region for several nanoseconds at a time and then interrogating the water films after they have quenched to cryogenic temperatures. To relate the results obtained with this approach to other experiments and simulations on supercooled water, it is important to understand how closely the quenched structure tracks the (metastable) equilibrium structure of water as a function of the transient heating temperature. A key step involves quantifying the extent to which water that is transiently heated to ambient temperatures [hyperquenched water (HQW)] subsequently relaxes toward the structure of low-density amorphous (LDA) ice as it cools. We analyzed the infrared reflection–absorption spectra of LDA, HQW, and crystalline ice films to determine their complex indices of refraction. With this information, we estimate that HQW retains ∼50%–60% of a structural motif characteristic of water at high temperatures with the balance comprised of a low-temperature motif. This result, along with results from x-ray diffraction experiments on water and amorphous ices, allows one to quantify the fraction of the high-temperature motif at approximately zero pressure as a function of temperature from 150 to 350 K.
A collaborative primary health care model for children and young people in rural Australia: explorations of cross-sectoral leader action
Authors: Randall Sue , White Danielle , Dennis Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Background Cross-sectoral collaborations are considered necessary to address detrimental health, social, educational and economic outcomes that impact marginalised and disadvantaged populations. There is a strong relationship between the health of children and their educational attainment; good health promotes positive learning. This paper reports cross-sectoral executive and senior management level systems changes required to enable the design of a collaborative primary healthcare service model for children and young people in rural Australia. Methods A descriptive qualitative design was used. Data were collected from executive and senior managers from three organisations (Education, Health and a University Department of Rural Health [n = 6]) through individual semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. The study draws on Lewin’s Model of Change. Results Three overarching themes were generated from the data: an embedded challenge and experimental solutions; building a shared language and understanding; and the role of relationships and trust. Despite the unique geographical and social context of the study area, strategies emerged from the data on how a solution to an embedded challenge, through design of a primary healthcare model, was established and how the strategies described could be transferred and scaled to other rural and remote communities. Conclusion Contextual differences make each rural and remote area unique. In this study, strategies that are described in the managing change literature were evident. The authors conclude that drawing on strong management of change principles could mean that a service model designed for one remote community might be transferrable to other communities.
Optical properties of methyl-substituted germanane monolayer in the presence of the external magnetic field, strain and spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Abdi Mona , Astinchap Bandar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this research, we use the tight-binding model, which includes spin–orbit coupling and an external magnetic field, to describe the optical properties of the methyl-substituted germanane (GeCH3) monolayer. We have applied the Kubo formula, linear response theory, and Green’s function approach to calculate the optical absorption coefficient of the GeCH3 monolayer. Here, the effects of an external magnetic field, strain, spin–orbit coupling, temperature, and electron/hole doping on the frequency dependence behavior of the optical conductivity have been investigated in detail. Our numerical results show that with increasing the external magnetic field, strain, and electron doping, the weight of the Drude increases. The optical absorption peak decreases and shifts to higher frequencies by applying an external magnetic field, strain, and electron doping. Controlling the optical and electronic properties of GeCH3 is leading to use this structure it in the electronic and optoelectronic industries.
In situ fabrication of S-type BiOI
x
Br
y
heterojunction with metallic Bi for boosting photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Yun , Zhang Tao , Abulizi Abulikemu , Tursun Yalkunjan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Heterojunction construction and morphology control have always been considered effective ways to promote the capability of photocatalysts. In this work, BiOI
x
Br
y
, S-type heterojunction photocatalysts with metallic Bi nanoparticles, were synthesized in situ using a solvothermal method, and the influence of reaction temperature (180 °C–220 °C) and dopant doping amount on the catalysts’ microscopic morphology, structure, and catalytic properties were researched. Study results revealed the 1:1 BiOI
x
Br
y
synthesized at 200 °C exhibited the optimum behavior in CO2 reduction. Its catalytic CO2 reduction to CH3OH was 932.88 μmol gcat
−1 and C2H5OH was 324.46 μmol gcat
−1 under the analog light source for 8 h, which was approximately 1.92 and 1.49 times higher than that of BiOI-200 °C, respectively. The reinforced catalytic properties are probably attributed to the synergistic effect between metallic Bi nanoparticles and BiOI
x
Br
y
heterojunction. Thanks to the SPR effect of in situ metallic Bi, the catalysts’ photocarrier separation efficiency is facilitated. Additionally, the heterojunction formation contributes to that trend and more importantly, preserves the charge carriers with strong redox capacity in BiOI
x
Br
y
, proving product selectivity. We also present a potential electron transfer mechanism involved in the BiOI
x
Br
y
photocatalytic CO2 reduction based on the characterization analysis and experimental results.
A Revised Graduated Cylindrical Shell Model and its Application to a Prominence Eruption
Authors: Zhang Qing-Min , Hou Zhen-Yong , Bai Xian-Yong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the well-known graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model is slightly revised by introducing longitudinal and latitudinal deflections of prominences originating from active regions (ARs). Subsequently, it is applied to the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of an eruptive prominence in AR 13110, which produced an M1.7 class flare and a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2022 September 23. It is revealed that the prominence undergoes acceleration from ∼246 to ∼708 km s−1. Meanwhile, the prominence experiences southward deflection by 15° ± 1° without longitudinal deflection, suggesting that the prominence erupts non-radially. Southward deflections of the prominence and associated CME are consistent, validating the results of fitting using the revised GCS model. Besides, the true speed of the CME is calculated to be 1637 ± 15 km s−1, which is ∼2.3 times higher than that of prominence. This is indicative of continuing acceleration of the prominence during which flare magnetic reconnection reaches maximum beneath the erupting prominence. Hence, the reconstruction using the revised GCS model could successfully track a prominence in its early phase of evolution, including acceleration and deflection.
New Cases of Superflares on Slowly Rotating Solar-type Stars and Large Amplitude Superflares in G- and M-type Main Sequence Stars
Authors: Althukair A. K. , Tsiklauri D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In our previous work, we searched for superflares on different types of stars while focusing on G-type dwarfs using entire Kepler data to study statistical properties of the occurrence rate of superflares. Using these new data, as a by-product, we found 14 cases of superflare detection on 13 slowly rotating Sun-like stars with rotation periods of 24.5–44 days. This result supports the earlier conclusion by others that the Sun may possibly undergo a surprise superflare. Moreover, we found 12 and seven new cases of detection of exceptionally large amplitude superflares on six and four main sequence stars of G- and M-type, respectively. No large-amplitude flares were detected in A, F or K main sequence stars. Here we present preliminary analysis of these cases. The superflare detection, i.e., an estimation of flare energy, is based on a more accurate method compared to previous studies. We fit an exponential decay function to flare light curves and study the relation between e-folding decay time, τ, versus flare amplitude and flare energy. We find that for slowly rotating Sun-like stars, large values of τ correspond to small flare energies and small values of τ correspond to high flare energies considered. Similarly, τ is large for small flare amplitudes and τ is small for large amplitudes considered. However, there is no clear relation between these parameters for large amplitude superflares in the main sequence G- and M-type stars, as we could not establish clear functional dependence between the parameters via standard fitting algorithms.
Decoding neural activity to assess individual latent state in ecologically valid contexts
Authors: Gordon Stephen M , McDaniel Jonathan R , King Kevin W , Lawhern Vernon J , Touryan Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Currently, there exists very few ways to isolate cognitive processes, historically defined via highly controlled laboratory studies, in more ecologically valid contexts. Specifically, it remains unclear as to what extent patterns of neural activity observed under such constraints actually manifest outside the laboratory in a manner that can be used to make accurate inferences about latent states, associated cognitive processes, or proximal behavior. Improving our understanding of when and how specific patterns of neural activity manifest in ecologically valid scenarios would provide validation for laboratory-based approaches that study similar neural phenomena in isolation and meaningful insight into the latent states that occur during complex tasks. Approach. Domain generalization methods, borrowed from the work of the brain-computer interface community, have the potential to capture high-dimensional patterns of neural activity in a way that can be reliably applied across experimental datasets in order to address this specific challenge. We previously used such an approach to decode phasic neural responses associated with visual target discrimination. Here, we extend that work to more tonic phenomena such as internal latent states. We use data from two highly controlled laboratory paradigms to train two separate domain-generalized models. We apply the trained models to an ecologically valid paradigm in which participants performed multiple, concurrent driving-related tasks while perched atop a six-degrees-of-freedom ride-motion simulator. Main Results. Using the pretrained models, we estimate latent state and the associated patterns of neural activity. As the patterns of neural activity become more similar to those patterns observed in the training data, we find changes in behavior and task performance that are consistent with the observations from the original, laboratory-based paradigms. Significance. These results lend ecological validity to the original, highly controlled, experimental designs and provide a methodology for understanding the relationship between neural activity and behavior during complex tasks.
Evaluation of True Random Number Sequences Generated by Utilizing Timing Jitters in Superconducting Integrated Circuits
Authors: Sato Kenta , Sega Naonori , Shimada Hiroshi , Mizugaki Yoshinao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A Hardware Random Number Generator (HRNG), which generates true random number sequences, is studied. In superconducting Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) circuitry, HRNGs that utilized timing jitters in trigger signals have been demonstrated. In this paper, we propose an HRNG with two oscillators to enhance stability against variation of oscillator frequencies. We investigate the characteristics of random numbers generated with the proposed HRNG not only by numerical simulation but also by experiments using Nb test circuits. In the numerical simulation, the probability of “1” in random number sequences has a local minimum of “1” output probability at conditions where fclk
(the clock oscillator frequency) and fgate
(the gate oscillator frequency) are approximately equal (fclk
≈ fgate
) for fclk
≤ 60 GHz. It is also found that pass rates for the FIPS140-2 random number tests are little affected by variations of fclk
at fgate
= 69.2 GHz. The random number generation rate for fclk
= 60 GHz and fgate
= 43 GHz reaches 3.98 GHz. In experimental measurements, random numbers of 1 Mbits generated by a test circuit pass the SP800-22 random number tests at fclk
= 48.79 GHz and fgate
= 19.81 GHz.
Fundamental Study of the Removal of Microplastic Fibers Using Swirling Flow and Magnetic Field
Authors: Fujii Satoshi , Akiyama Yoko , Manabe Yuichiro , Sato Fuminobu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Microplastic fibers (MPFs) derived from laundry wastewater and fishing nets, etc. have been found in the environment around the world, raising concerns about their ecological impact. Particularly for laundry wastewater, some of the MPFs are not removed by sewage plants, and are discharged into the environment. We have studied the removal method of MPFs by magnetic separation in sewage plants, but there were some problems for practical applications such as the desorption of magnetite from MPFs and blockage of magnetic filters. To solve the problems, we proposed a novel magnetic separation system combining swirling flow and opposing magnets. In this study, we investigated whether MPFs can be concentrated by particle trajectory simulations and lab-scale experiments. The simulations and experiments showed similar trends that MPFs can be concentrated by the proposed magnetic separation system. The magnetic separation performance will be improved by using a higher magnetic field of opposed superconducting bulk magnets.
NEXT-CRAB-0: a high pressure gaseous xenon time projection chamber with a direct VUV camera based readout
Authors: Byrnes N.K. , Parmaksiz I. , Adams C. , Asaadi J. , Baeza-Rubio J. , Bailey K. , Church E. , González-Díaz D. , Higley A. , Jones B.J.P. , Mistry K. , Moya I.A. , Nygren D.R. , Oyedele P. , Rogers L. , Stogsdill K. , Almazán H. , Álvarez V. , Aparicio B. , Aranburu A.I. , Arazi L. , Arnquist I.J. , Ayet S. , Azevedo C.D.R. , Ballester F. , del Barrio-Torregrosa M. , Bayo A. , Benlloch-Rodríguez J.M. , Borges F.I.G.M. , Bounasser S. , Cárcel S. , Carrión J.V. , Cebrián S. , Cid L. , Conde C.A.N. , Contreras T. , Cossío F.P. , Dey E. , Díaz G. , Dickel T. , Elorza M. , Escada J. , Esteve R. , Fahs A. , Felkai R. , Fernandes L.M.P. , Ferrario P. , Ferreira A.L. , Foss F.W. , Freitas E.D.C. , Freixa Z. , Generowicz J. , Goldschmidt A. , Gómez-Cadenas J.J. , González R. , Grocott J. , Guenette R. , Haefner J. , Hafidi K. , Hauptman J. , Henriques C.A.O. , Hernando Morata J.A. , Herrero-Gómez P. , Herrero V. , Hervés Carrete C. , Ho J. , Ho P. , Ifergan Y. , Labarga L. , Larizgoitia L. , Lebrun P. , Lopez F. , Lopez Gutierrez D. , López-March N. , Madigan R. , Mano R.D.P. , Marques A.P. , Martín-Albo J. , Martínez-Lema G. , Martínez-Vara M. , Meziani Z.E. , Miller R.L. , Monrabal F. , Monteiro C.M.B. , Mora F.J. , Muñoz Vidal J. , Navarro K.E. , Novella P. , Nuñez A. , Oblak E. , Odriozola-Gimeno M. , Palacio J. , Palmeiro B. , Para A. , Pelegrin J. , Pérez Maneiro M. , Querol M. , Redwine A.B. , Renner J. , Rivilla I. , Rodríguez J. , Rogero C. , Romeo B. , Romo-Luque C. , Santos F.P. , dos Santos J.M.F. , Simón A. , Soleti S.R. , Sorel M. , Stanford C. , Teixeira J.M.R. , Toledo J.F. , Torrent J. , Usón A. , Veloso J.F.C.A. , Vuong T.T. , Waiton J. , White J.T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) remains one of the most compelling experimental avenues for the discovery in the neutrino sector. Electroluminescent gas-phase time projection chambers are well suited to 0νββsearches due to their intrinsically precise energy resolution and topological event identification capabilities. Scalability to ton- and multi-ton masses requires readout of large-area electroluminescent regions with fine spatial resolution, low radiogenic backgrounds, and a scalable data acquisition system. This paper presents a detector prototype that records event topology in an electroluminescent xenon gas TPC via VUV image-intensified cameras. This enables an extendable readout of large tracking planes with commercial devices that reside almost entirely outside of the active medium. Following further development in intermediate scale demonstrators, this technique may represent a novel and enlargeable method for topological event imaging in 0νββ.
Wildfire activity in northern Rocky Mountain subalpine forests still within millennial-scale range of variability
Authors: Clark-Wolf Kyra , Higuera Philip E , Shuman Bryan N , McLauchlan Kendra K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Increasing area burned across western North America raises questions about the precedence and magnitude of changes in fire activity, relative to the historical range of variability (HRV) that ecosystems experienced over recent centuries and millennia. Paleoecological records of past fire occurrence provide context for contemporary changes in ecosystems characterized by infrequent, high-severity fire regimes. Here we present a network of 12 fire-history records derived from macroscopic charcoal preserved in sediments of small subalpine lakes within a c. 10 000 km2 landscape in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains (Northern Rockies). We used this network to characterize landscape-scale burning over the past 2500 yr, and to evaluate the precedence of widespread regional burning experienced in the early 20th and 21st centuries. We further compare the Northern Rockies fire history to a previously published network of fire-history records in the Southern Rockies. In Northern Rockies subalpine forests, widespread fire activity was strongly linked to seasonal climate conditions, in contemporary, historical, and paleo records. The average estimated fire rotation period (FRP) over the past 2500 yr was 164 yr (HRV: 127–225 yr), while the contemporary FRP from 1900 to 2021 CE was 215 yr. Thus, extensive regional burning in the early 20th century (e.g. 1910 CE) and in recent decades remains within the HRV of recent millennia. Results from the Northern Rockies contrast with the Southern Rockies, which burned with less frequency on average over the past 2500 yr, and where 21st-century burning has exceeded the HRV. Our results support expectations that Northern Rockies fire activity will continue to increase with climatic warming, surpassing historical burning if more than one exceptional fire year akin to 1910 occurs within the next several decades. The ecological consequences of climatic warming in subalpine forests will depend, in large part, on the magnitude of fire-regime changes relative to the past.
20 years of change in tundra NDVI from coupled field and satellite observations
Authors: Huemmrich K Fred , Gamon John , Campbell Petya , Mora Marianna , Vargas Z Sergio , Almanza Brenda , Tweedie Craig 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 2022 we resampled normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) along a 100 m transect in tundra near Utqiagvik, AK that had been previously measured through the 2000–2002 growing seasons, providing an opportunity to examine a 20 year NDVI change at a 1 m resolution in a region that is experiencing increased warming and precipitation over this period. Multidecadal NDVI change was spatially variable across the transect with nearly half of the transect showing greening, about a third not showing conclusive change, and about 20% browning. In wet areas, greening (increased NDVI) was associated with increased green leaf area index, while in drier areas greening was related to changes in species cover. Browning was not related to change in species cover and appeared to be due to increased coverage of standing dead material in graminoid dominated canopies. These types of detailed observations provide insights into the interpretation of satellite based NDVI trends and emphasize the importance of microtopography and hydrology in mediating vegetation change in a warming Arctic.