bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen availability and body mass modulate ectotherm responses to ocean warming
Authors: Duncan Murray I. , Micheli Fiorenza , Boag Thomas H. , Marquez J. Andres , Deres Hailey , Deutsch Curtis A. , Sperling Erik A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn an ocean that is rapidly warming and losing oxygen, accurate forecasting of species’ responses must consider how this environmental change affects fundamental aspects of their physiology. Here, we develop an absolute metabolic index (ΦA) that quantifies how ocean temperature, dissolved oxygen and organismal mass interact to constrain the total oxygen budget an organism can use to fuel sustainable levels of aerobic metabolism. We calibrate species-specific parameters of ΦA with physiological measurements for red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and purple urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). ΦA models highlight that the temperature where oxygen supply is greatest shifts cooler when water loses oxygen or organisms grow larger, providing a mechanistic explanation for observed thermal preference patterns. Viable habitat forecasts are disproportionally deleterious for red abalone, revealing how species-specific physiologies modulate the intensity of a common climate signal, captured in the newly developed ΦA framework.
A cost-effective, ionically conductive and compressible oxychloride solid-state electrolyte for stable all-solid-state lithium-based batteries
Authors: Hu Lv , Wang Jinzhu , Wang Kai , Gu Zhenqi , Xi Zhiwei , Li Hui , Chen Fang , Wang Youxi , Li Zhenyu , Ma Cheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo enable the development of all-solid-state batteries, an inorganic solid-state electrolyte should demonstrate high ionic conductivity (i.e., > 1 mS cm−1 at 25 °C), compressibility (e.g., > 90% density under 250−350 MPa), and cost-effectiveness (e.g., < $50/kg). Here we report the development and preparation of Li1.75ZrCl4.75O0.5 oxychloride solid-state electrolyte that demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 2.42 mS cm−1 at 25 °C, a compressibility enabling 94.2% density under 300 MPa and an estimated raw materials cost of $11.60/kg. As proof of concept, the Li1.75ZrCl4.75O0.5 is tested in combination with a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2-based positive electrode and a Li6PS5Cl-coated Li-In negative electrode in lab-scale cell configuration. This all-solid-state cell delivers a discharge capacity retention of 70.34% (final discharge capacity of 70.2 mAh g−1) after 2082 cycles at 1 A g−1, 25 °C and 1.5 tons of stacking pressure.
Integrating GWAS and proteome data to identify novel drug targets for MU
Authors: Wu Yadong , Song Jukun , Liu Manyi , Ma Hong , Zhang Junmei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMouth ulcers have been associated with numerous loci in genome wide association studies (GWAS). Nonetheless, it remains unclear what mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of mouth ulcers at these loci, as well as what the most effective ulcer drugs are. Thus, we aimed to screen hub genes responsible for mouth ulcer pathogenesis. We conducted an imputed/in-silico proteome-wide association study to discover candidate genes that impact the development of mouth ulcers and affect the expression and concentration of associated proteins in the bloodstream. The integrative analysis revealed that 35 genes play a significant role in the development of mouth ulcers, both in terms of their protein and transcriptional levels. Following this analysis, the researchers identified 6 key genes, namely BTN3A3, IL12B, BPI, FAM213A, PLXNB2, and IL22RA2, which were related to the onset of mouth ulcers. By combining with multidimensional data, six genes were found to correlate with mouth ulcer pathogenesis, which can be useful for further biological and therapeutic research.
Macrophage induces anti-cancer drug resistance in canine mammary gland tumor spheroid
Authors: Lim Ga-Hyun , An Ju-Hyun , Park Su-Min , Youn Ga-Hee , Oh Ye-In , Seo Kyoung-Won , Youn Hwa-Young 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the tumor microenvironment by producing cytokines and growth factors. Furthermore, TAMs play multifunctional roles in tumor progression, immune regulation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment induces tumor-supporting transformation of TAMs, which enhances tumor malignancy through developing anti-cancer resistance, for example. In this study, a hybrid spheroid model of canine mammary gland tumor (MGT) cell lines (CIPp and CIPm) and canine macrophages (DH82) was established. The effects of hypoxia induced by the spheroid culture system on the anti-cancer drug resistance of canine MGT cells were investigated. A hybrid spheroid was created using an ultralow-adhesion plate. The interactions between canine MGT cells and DH82 were investigated using a co-culture method. When co-cultured with DH82, cell viability and expression levels of tumor growth factors and multi-drug resistance genes were increased in canine MGT cells under doxorubicin. Additionally, doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest were attenuated in canine MGT cells co-cultured with DH82. In conclusion, the hybrid spheroid model established in this study reflects the hypoxic TME, allowing DH82 to induce anti-cancer drug resistance in canine MGT cells.
SSN2V: unsupervised OCT denoising using speckle split
Authors: Schottenhamml Julia , Würfl Tobias , Ploner Stefan B. , Husvogt Lennart , Hohberger Bettina , Fujimoto James G. , Maier Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDenoising in optical coherence tomography (OCT) is important to compensate the low signal-to-noise ratio originating from laser speckle. In recent years learning algorithms have been established as the most powerful denoising approach. Especially unsupervised denoising is an interesting topic since it is not possible to acquire noise free scans with OCT. However, speckle in in-vivo OCT images contains not only noise but also information about blood flow. Existing OCT denoising algorithms treat all speckle equally and do not distinguish between the noise component and the flow information component of speckle. Consequently they either tend to either remove all speckle or denoise insufficiently. Unsupervised denoising methods tend to remove all speckle but create results that have a blurry impression which is not desired in a clinical application. To this end we propose the concept, that an OCT denoising method should, besides reducing uninformative noise, additionally preserve the flow-related speckle information. In this work, we present a fully unsupervised algorithm for single-frame OCT denoising (SSN2V) that fulfills these goals by incorporating known operators into our network. This additional constraint greatly improves the denoising capability compared to a network without. Quantitative and qualitative results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the speckle noise in OCT B-scans of the human retina while maintaining a sharp impression outperforming the compared methods.
Deep learning enables fast, gentle STED microscopy
Authors: Ebrahimi Vahid , Stephan Till , Kim Jiah , Carravilla Pablo , Eggeling Christian , Jakobs Stefan , Han Kyu Young 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSTED microscopy is widely used to image subcellular structures with super-resolution. Here, we report that restoring STED images with deep learning can mitigate photobleaching and photodamage by reducing the pixel dwell time by one or two orders of magnitude. Our method allows for efficient and robust restoration of noisy 2D and 3D STED images with multiple targets and facilitates long-term imaging of mitochondrial dynamics.
The microphysics of the warm-rain and ice crystal processes of precipitation in simulated continental convective storms
Authors: Gupta Ashok Kumar , Deshmukh Akash , Waman Deepak , Patade Sachin , Jadav Arti , Phillips Vaughan T. J. , Bansemer Aaron , Martins Jorge A. , Gonçalves Fabio L. T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrecipitation in clouds can form by either warm-rain or ice crystal processes, referred to as warm and cold formation pathways, respectively. Here, we investigate the warm and cold pathway contributions to surface precipitation in simulated continental convective storms. We analyze three contrasting convective storms that are cold-based, slightly warm-based and very warm-based. We apply tracer-tagging techniques in our aerosol-cloud model to determine simulated microphysical pathways that lead to precipitation. We find cold components of graupel and rain mass were higher than warm components in cold- and slightly warm-based clouds. By contrast, in very warm-based clouds nearly 80% of surface precipitation was formed via warm-rain processes. Lowering of cloud base altitude to levels about 10–20 K warmer switched surface precipitation to being mostly warm, due to enhanced moisture content in the planetary boundary layer and larger cloud droplets aloft intensifying raindrop freezing. Our simulations indicate that warm and cold processes co-exist in any storm and the balance between them is determined by cloud base temperature and solute aerosol conditions.
Picosecond magneto-optic thermometry measurements of nanoscale thermal transport in AlN thin films
Authors: Angeles Frank , Khan Samreen , Ortiz Victor H. , Xu Mingfei , Luo Shisong , Mudiyanselage Dinusha Herath , Fu Houqiang , Zhao Yuji , Wilson Richard B. 
Published: June 2023

The thermal conductivity Λ of wide bandgap semiconductor thin films, such as AlN, affects the performance of high-frequency devices, power devices, and optoelectronics. However, accurate measurements of Λ in thin films with sub-micrometer thicknesses and Λ &gt; 100 W m−1 K−1 is challenging. Widely used pump/probe metrologies, such as time–domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and frequency–domain thermoreflectance, lack the spatiotemporal resolution necessary to accurately quantify thermal properties of sub-micrometer thin films with high Λ. In this work, we use a combination of magneto-optic thermometry and TiN interfacial layers to significantly enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of pump/probe thermal transport measurements. We use our approach to measure Λ of 100, 400, and 1000 nm AlN thin films. We coat AlN thin films with a ferromagnetic thin-film transducer with the geometry of (1 nm-Pt/0.4 nm-Co)x3/(2 nm-TiN). This PtCo/TiN transducer has a fast thermal response time of &lt;50 ps, which allows us to differentiate between the thermal response of the transducer, AlN thin film, and substrate. For the 100, 400, and 1000 nm thick AlN films, we determine Λ to be 200 ± 80, 165 ± 35, and 300 ± 70 W m−1 K−1, respectively. We conclude with an uncertainty analysis that quantifies the errors associated with pump/probe measurements of thermal conductivity, as a function of transducer type, thin-film thermal conductivity, and thin-film thickness. Time resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect experiments can measure films that are three to five times thinner than is possible with standard pump/probe metrologies, such as TDTR. This advance in metrology will enable better characterization of nanoscale heat transfer in high thermal conductivity material systems like wide bandgap semiconductor heterostructures and devices.
Exploring the Case Cats in the Outdoors
Authors: Tully Paul 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
This case is about domestic cats who follow natural instincts for outdoor roaming and, thus, wander in human-made places. People construct these places via ideals regarding aspects of health, safety, and acceptable behaviour. As cats roam in outdoor places, they challenge such ideals through the reality of their lives and human choices. This case considers the issues cats’ presence creates for people and questions the solutions humans contemplate in attempts to protect outdoor place ideals. It asks questions regarding if strategies humans think about to tackle their issues of cats in the outdoors are morally right or wrong in order to stimulate debate.
Ultrafast THz spectroscopy of carbon nanotube-graphene composites
Authors: Burdanova Maria G , Tsapenko Alexey P , Ahmad Saeed , Kauppinen Esko I , Lloyd-Hughes James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mixed nanomaterial composites can combine the excellent properties of well-known low-dimensional nanomaterials. Here we highlight the potential of one-dimensional single-walled carbon nanotubes interfaced with two-dimensional graphene by exploring the composite’s ac conductivity and photoconductivity, and the influence of HAuCl4 doping. In the composite, the equilibrium terahertz conductivity from free carrier motion was boosted, while the localised plasmon peak shifted towards higher frequencies, which we attribute to shorter conductivity pathways in the composite. A negative terahertz photoconductivity was observed for all samples under 410 nm optical excitation and was reproduced by a simple model, where the Drude spectral weight and the momentum scattering rate were both lowered under photoexcitation. The composite had an enhanced modulation depth in comparison to reference carbon nanotube films, while retaining their characteristically fast (picosecond) response time. The results show that carbon nanotube-graphene composites offer new opportunities in devices by controlling charge carrier transport and tuning their optoelectronic properties.
Improvement of photoresist etching by impedance control of a bias electrode in an inductive discharge
Authors: He You , Jiang Yi-Lang , Jung Jiwon , Kim Min-Seok , Kim Ju-Ho , Chung Chin-Wook 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To improve the photoresist (PR) etching in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) without the use of bias power, an impedance control unit is connected in series to the bias electrode of the ICP. This impedance control unit consists of an inductor and a variable capacitor to control the impedance of the bias electrode. With the series resonance of the sheath capacitance and inductance of the bias electrode impedance, the current flowing through the bias electrode increases dramatically, resulting in a higher voltage across the sheath and larger ion energy loss. The effect of series resonance on the decrease of electron density, as observed by a Langmuir probe, is illustrated by a global power balance model. As the capacitance approaches the series resonance condition, the larger ion energy leads to an enhanced PR etch rate, and the more uniform profile of the radio frequency (RF) plasma potential results in more uniform distributions of ion energy and PR etch rate. Additionally, the variation of the RF plasma potential profile is attributed to the enhanced capacitive electrical field in the ICP. These variation are analysed using an electromagnetic simulation.
Influence of crystallization on the shape memory effect of poly (lactic acid)
Authors: Cunha Rafael Braga da , Pê Filipe Rodrigues , Agrawal Pankaj , Figueiredo Brito Gustavo de , de Mélo Tomás Jeferson Alves 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of crystallization on the shape memory effect (SME) of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). Different thermal treatment times were applied to the PLA to obtain different degrees of crystallinity. Additionally, a PLA sample was cooled rapidly to obtain an amorphous PLA. The characterization techniques used in this study were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, the differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and the SME was evaluated by fold-deploy and torsion modes. Results show that crystallization positively affected the SME, both in shape fixity and shape recovery. Different crystallization times provided different degrees of crystallinity, and the SME gradually increased with increasing crystallinity. Additionally, it was found that the SME of PLA is higher in water. The study concludes that the crystallization process plays a crucial role in the SME of PLA, and this work contributes to the understanding of the relationship between crystallization and the SME of PLA, which can contribute to the development of new technologies and applications for shape memory polymers.
Radiative corrections to the level width in the presence of magnetic field
Authors: Solovyev D , Zalialiutdinov T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effect of a constant magnetic field in combination with a field induced by an external thermal environment on atomic decay rates is studied. For this purpose, radiative corrections including magnetic interaction are considered for hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions with a small nuclear charge Z. Corrections to the decays of the metastable state 2s and the excited state 2p were calculated at various magnetic field strengths suitable for the conditions of the laboratory experiments. It is found that the combination of the magnetic field and thermal environment can lead to a broadening close to the level of experimental error, which makes it necessary to take them into account in the near future.
Primordial black holes in the curvaton model: possible connections to pulsar timing arrays and dark matter
Authors: Ferrante Giacomo , Franciolini Gabriele , Iovino Antonio Junior , Urbano Alfredo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe revise primordial black holes (PBHs) production in the axion-curvaton model, in light of recent developments in the computation of their abundance accounting for non-gaussianities (NGs) in the curvature perturbation up to all orders. We find that NGs intrinsically generated in such scenarios have a relevant impact on the phenomenology associated to PBHs and, in particular, on the relation between the abundance and the signal of second-order gravitational waves. We show that this model could explain both the totality of dark matter in the asteroid mass range and the tentative signal reported by the NANOGrav and IPTA collaborations in the nano-Hz frequency range. En route, we provide a new, explicit computation of the power spectrum of curvature perturbations going beyond the sudden-decay approximation.
On the constant roll complex scalar field inflationary models
Authors: Mohammadi Ali , Ahmadi Nahid , Shokri Mehdi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper we wish to point out the possibility of using a complex scalar field in a constant roll inflationary model, as needed for observational viability. We extend the idea of real field inflaton with constant rate of roll to a complex field, showing the feasibility of solving Einstein Klein-Gordon equations constrained by an appropriate form of constant roll definition. As compared to the well known (two-parametric class of) real field models, there is one more degree of flexibility in constant roll inflationary solutions which is represented by an arbitrary function of time, γ(t). We work with an arbitrary but constant function γ (where γ = 0 refers to the corresponding real field model) and find new inflationary class of potentials. In this class of models, the behavior of real and complex field models are similar in some aspects, for example the solutions with large constant roll parameter are not stable and should be considered as early time transients. These field solutions relax at late time on a dual attractor trajectory. However, complex fields phase space trajectories reach this stable regime after real fields. We performed the stability analysis on γ function space solutions and found that dynamically stable trajectories in phase space are stable under γ variations. We extended this study by considering multifield models of constant roll inflation with non-canonical kinetic terms. By enlarging the size of field space, we showed that a multifield constant roll model is dynamically a single field effective theory. If field space is parametrized by N non-canonical fields, there will be N free parameters in the potential that can be attributed to the interaction between the fields.
Scalable micro/nanostructured superhydrophobic surface modifications for enhanced energy efficiency and heat transfer performance in stainless steel and titanium
Authors: Shin Younghun , Lee Kwon-Yeong , Lee Jeong-Won , Hwang Woonbong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Condensation refers to the change of a substance from a gaseous phase to a liquid phase, an example of which is the condensation of water vapor in nature. Condensation is used in many industries, such as energy generation and seawater desalination. On a general surface, filmwise condensation is the main phenomenon in which gaseous water vapor is condensed in the form of a film. However, film condensation acts as a factor that reduces energy efficiency as the liquid film formed on the surface interferes with heat transfer. A phenomenon opposite to film condensation is dropwise condensation, which is immediately separated after condensation in the form of droplets, and thus a film is not formed, greatly improving heat transfer efficiency. Because of these advantages, many studies have been conducted, and most studies have induced dropwise condensation by modifying the surface to be superhydrophobic. However, in the case of a superhydrophobic surface, it takes a lot of time and money in the process, so there is a great difficulty in increasing the area. Among them, stainless steel and titanium, which are most materials for industrial heat exchangers, have high robustness, so there are few studies on improving the condensation performance after surface modification due to the difficulty of processing. For this reason, there is a large gap between the currently conducted studies and the actual industry. Our research team succeeded in modifying the surface of a stainless steel and titanium tube the size of an actual heat exchanger into superhydrophobicity with a simple process. We confirmed that the condensation performance was improved on the superhydrophobic surface through experiments under various conditions. By comparing the improvement in the heat transfer performance of stainless steel and titanium under several conditions, the main cause of the performance improvement was proved. This study is expected to play a major role in the eco-friendly future industry where energy efficiency is important by improving the heat transfer performance of stainless steel and titanium, which are mainly used throughout the industry.
An assessment of the impact of illegal artisanal gold mining on the environment in parts of Chewore Safari Area, Northern Zimbabwe
Authors: Chakuya Jeremiah , Munkuli Norman , Mutema Courage , Gandiwa Edson 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Illegal artisanal gold mining threatens biodiversity conservation within protected areas. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess the environmental impacts of illegal artisanal gold mining in Chewore Safari Area (CSA) and (ii) assess trends in illegal artisanal gold mining within CSA, northern Zimbabwe. A mixed methods approach was used to collect data (i) from law enforcement records kept at CSA focusing on the period 2014 to 2021, and (ii) from field visits to areas affected by illegal artisanal gold mining. The study found that there was a gold rush into CSA with many people from the adjacent communities being arrested and prosecuted in the year 2014. A gradual decline trend in illegal gold mining activities was observed. Equipment or tools were confiscated from illegal miners including gold metal detectors. Site observations indicated destructive gold mining practices associated with visible land degradation. The study recommended increased law enforcement and awareness programmes within communities adjacent to CSA and reclamation of mined sites.