bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evapotranspiration of Residential Lawns Across the United States
Authors: Grijseels Noortje H. , Litvak Elizaveta , Avolio Meghan L. , Bratt Anika R. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Groffman Peter M. , Hall Sharon J. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Lerman Susannah B. , Morse Jennifer L. , Narango Desiree L. , Neill Christopher , O'Neil‐Dunne Jarlath , Padullés Cubino Josep , Trammell Tara L. E. , Pataki Diane E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite interest in the contribution of evapotranspiration (ET) of residential turfgrass lawns to household and municipal water budgets across the United States, the spatial and temporal variability of residential lawn ET across large scales is highly uncertain. We measured instantaneous ET (ETinst) of lawns in 79 residential yards in six metropolitan areas: Baltimore, Boston, Miami, Minneapolis‐St. Paul (mesic climates), Los Angeles and Phoenix (arid climates). Each yard had one of four landscape types and management practices: traditional lawn‐dominated yards with high or low fertilizer input, yards with water‐conserving features, and yards with wildlife‐friendly features. We measured ETinst in situ during the growing season using portable chambers and identified environmental and anthropogenic factors controlling ET in residential lawns. For each household, we used ETinst to estimate daily ET of the lawn (ETdaily) and multiplied ETdaily by the lawn area to estimate the total volume of water lost through ET of the lawn (ETvol). ETdaily varied from 0.9 ± 0.4 mm d1 in mesic cities to 2.9 ± 0.7 mm d−1 in arid cities. Neither ETinst nor ETdaily was significantly influenced by yard landscape types and ETinst patterns indicated that lawns may be largely decoupled from regional rain‐driven climate patterns. ETvol ranged from ∼0 L d−1 to over 2,000 L d−1, proportionally increasing with lawn area. Current irrigation and lawn management practices did not necessarily result in different ETinst or ETdaily among traditional, water‐conserving, or wildlife‐friendly yards, but smaller lawn areas in water‐conserving and wildlife‐friendly yards resulted in lower ETvol.
Optimizing the Implementation Plan of Watershed Best Management Practices With Time‐Varying Effectiveness Under Stepwise Investment
Authors: Shen Shen , Qin Cheng‐Zhi , Zhu Liang‐Jun , Zhu A‐Xing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOptimizing the spatial configuration of diverse best management practices (BMPs) can provide valuable decision‐making support for comprehensive watershed management. Most existing methods focus on selecting BMP types and locations but neglect their implementation time or order in management scenarios, which are often investment‐restricted. This study proposes a new simulation‐optimization framework for determining the implementation plan of BMPs by using the net present value to calculate the economic costs of BMP scenarios and the time‐varying effectiveness of BMPs to evaluate the environmental effectiveness of BMP scenarios. The proposed framework was implemented based on a Spatially Explicit Integrated Modeling System and demonstrated in an agricultural watershed case study. This case study optimized the implementation time of four erosion control BMPs in a specific spatial configuration scenario under a 5‐year stepwise investment process. The proposed method could effectively provide more feasible BMP scenarios with a lower overall investment burden with only a slight loss of environmental effectiveness. Time‐varying BMP effectiveness data should be gathered and incorporated into watershed modeling and scenario optimization to better depict the environmental improvement effects of BMPs over time. The proposed framework was sufficiently flexible to be applied to other technical implementations and extensible to more actual application cases with sufficient BMP data. Overall, this study demonstrated the basic idea of extending the spatial optimization of BMPs to a spatiotemporal level by considering stepwise investment, emphasizing the value of integrating physical geographic processes and anthropogenic influences.
Pore‐Scale Determination of Residual Gas Remobilization and Critical Saturation in Geological CO2 Storage: A Pore‐Network Modeling Approach
Authors: Moghadasi Ramin , Foroughi Sajjad , Basirat Farzad , R. McDougall Steven , Tatomir Alexandru , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J. , Niemi Auli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRemobilization of residually trapped CO2 can occur under pressure depletion, caused by any sort of leakage, brine extraction for pressure maintenance purposes, or simply by near wellbore pressure dissipation once CO2 injection has ceased. This phenomenon affects the long‐term stability of CO2 residual trapping and should therefore be considered for an accurate assessment of CO2 storage security. In this study, pore‐network modeling is performed to understand the relevant physics of remobilization. Gas remobilization occurs at a higher gas saturation than the residual saturation, the so‐called critical saturation; the difference is called the mobilization saturation, a parameter that is a function of the network properties and the mechanisms involved. Regardless of the network type and properties, Ostwald ripening tends to slightly increase the mobilization saturation, thereby enhancing the security of residual trapping. Moreover, significant hysteresis and reduction in gas relative permeability is observed, implying slow reconnection of the trapped gas clusters. These observations are safety enhancing features, due to which the remobilization of residual CO2 is delayed. The results, consistent with our previous analysis of the field‐scale Heletz experiments, have important implications for underground gas and CO2 storage. In the context of CO2 storage, they provide important insights into the fate of residual trapping in both the short and long term.
Uncertainty in Projected Critical Soil Moisture Values in CMIP6 Affects the Interpretation of a More Moisture‐Limited World
Authors: Hsu Hsin , Dirmeyer Paul A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEvaporation is controlled by soil moisture (SM) availability when conditions are not extremely wet. In such a moisture‐limited regime, land‐atmosphere coupling is active, and a chain of linked processes allow land surface anomalies to affect weather and climate. How frequently any location is in a moisture‐limited regime largely determines the intensity of land feedbacks on climate. Conventionally this has been quantified by shifting probability distributions of SM, but the boundary between moisture‐limited and energy‐limited regimes, called the critical soil moisture (CSM) value, can also change. CSM is an emergent property of the land‐atmosphere system, determined by the balance of radiative, thermal and kinetic energy factors. We propose a novel framework to separate the contributions of these separate effects on the likelihood that SM lies in the moisture‐limited regime. We confirm that global warming leads to a more moisture‐limited world. This is attributed to reduced SM in most regions: the moisture effect. CSM changes mainly due to shifts in the surface energy budget, significantly affecting 27.7% of the globe in analyzed climate change simulations. However, consistency among Earth system models regarding CSM change is low. The poor agreement hints that variability of CSM in models and the factors that determine CSM are not well represented. The fidelity of CSM in Earth system models has been overlooked as a factor in water cycle projections. Careful assessment of CSM in nature and for model development should be a priority, with potential benefits for multiple research fields including meteorology, hydrology, and ecology.
Obesity-related complications, healthcare resource use and weight loss strategies in six European countries: the RESOURCE survey
Authors: Evans Marc , de Courcy Joanna , de Laguiche Elisabeth , Faurby Mads , Haase Christiane Lundegaard , Matthiessen Kasper Sommer , Moore Adam , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Obesity-related complications (ORCs), such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease, contribute considerably to the clinical and economic impacts of obesity. To obtain a holistic overview of health and weight management attempts for people with obesity in Europe, we designed the cross-sectional RESOURCE survey to collect data on comorbidities, healthcare resource use (HCRU) and weight loss strategies from people with obesity in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK.

Methods
Adults (≥18 years old) with self-reported body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 who reported interacting with primary or secondary healthcare services in the past 12 months, but had not been pregnant during this time, were recruited from an existing consumer research panel. All data were self-reported via an online survey (May–June 2021). Weight changes over the past year were calculated from participants’ estimated weights.

Results
Of the 1850 participants in the survey, 26.3% reported that they had ≥3 ORCs from a set of 15 conditions of interest. The most frequently reported ORCs were hypertension (39.3% of participants), dyslipidaemia (22.8%) and T2D (17.5%). Participants in obesity class III (BMI 40 to <70 kg/m2) were more likely to report multiple ORCs than those in lower obesity classes. The presence of multiple ORCs was linked to various types of HCRU, including a significantly increased chance of reporting hospitalization in the past year. Most participants (78.6%) had attempted to lose weight in the past year, but of those who also reported estimated weight changes, 73.4% had not experienced clinically meaningful weight loss of ≥5%.

Conclusions
ORCs are common in people with obesity, and are linked to increased HCRU. Together with the low reported success rate of weight loss attempts, this highlights an unmet need in Europe for enhanced weight management support for people with obesity.
Highly stable integration of graphene Hall sensors on a microfluidic platform for magnetic sensing in whole blood
Authors: Shah Nishal , Iyer Vasant , Zhang Zhiping , Gao Zhaoli , Park Juhwan , Yelleswarapu Venkata , Aflatouni Firooz , Charlie Johnson A. T. , Issadore David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe detection and analysis of rare cells in complex media such as blood is increasingly important in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Micro-Hall detectors (μHD) for magnetic detection in blood have previously demonstrated ultrahigh sensitivity to rare cells. This sensitivity originates from the minimal magnetic background in blood, obviating cumbersome and detrimental sample preparation. However, the translation of this technology to clinical applications has been limited by inherently low throughput (<1 mL/h), susceptibility to clogging, and incompatibility with commercial CMOS foundry processing. To help overcome these challenges, we have developed CMOS-compatible graphene Hall sensors for integration with PDMS microfluidics for magnetic sensing in blood. We demonstrate that these graphene μHDs can match the performance of the best published μHDs, can be passivated for robust use with whole blood, and can be integrated with microfluidics and sensing electronics for in-flow detection of magnetic beads. We show a proof-of-concept validation of our system on a silicon substrate and detect magnetic agarose beads, as a model for cells, demonstrating promise for future integration in clinical applications with a custom CMOS chip.
Risk-reducing surgery for individuals with cancer-predisposing germline pathogenic variants and no personal cancer history: a review of current UK guidelines
Authors: McCarthy Rebecca L. , Copson Ellen , Tapper William , Bolton Helen , Mirnezami Alex H. , O’Neill J. Robert , Patel Nimesh N. , Tischkowitz Marc , Cutress Ramsey I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdentifying healthy carriers of germline pathogenic variants in high penetrance cancer susceptibility genes offers the potential for risk-reducing surgery. The NHS England National Genomic Test Directory offers germline and somatic testing to patients with certain cancers or rare and inherited diseases, or, in some cases, to their relatives. This review summarises current UK guidelines for risk-reducing surgical interventions available for individuals with no personal history of cancer, who are determined to carry germline pathogenic variants. An electronic literature search of NICE guidelines and PubMed citable articles was performed. NICE guidelines are available for bilateral mastectomy and are currently in development for risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Guidelines developed with affiliation to, or through relevant British Surgical Societies or international consensus, are available for risk-reducing hysterectomy, polypectomy, gastrectomy, and thyroidectomy. There is a disparity in the development and distribution of national guidelines for interventions amongst tumour types. Whilst we are focusing on UK guidelines, we anticipate they will be relevant much more generally and so of interest to a wider audience including where there are no national guidelines to refer to. We suggest that, as genetic testing becomes rapidly more accessible, guideline development for interventions should be more closely aligned to those for testing.
Demographics, clinical presentation and risk factors of ocular surface squamous neoplasia at a tertiary hospital, South Africa
Authors: Hӧllhumer Roland , Michelow Pamela , Williams Susan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aims
The aim of this study is to describe the demographic, presenting features and associated risk factors of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) at a tertiary eye hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Methods
An interventional prospective study of patients presenting with conjunctival masses was conducted. An electronic questionnaire was completed to document demographic data, presenting history, and associated risk factors. A slit lamp examination and photos were used to document and describe the clinical features at presentation. Cases (OSSN) and controls (benign lesions) were determined by histology.

Results
There were 130 cases and 45 controls. Median age was 44 years (IQR: 35–51) with an equal gender distribution in cases. The prevalence of HIV in cases was 74% and was strongly associated with OSSN (p < 0.001). Vascularisation, leukoplakia and pigmentation were clinical features that distinguished cases from controls. A fibrovascular morphology was strongly associated with a benign histology (p < 0.001), whereas leukoplakic and gelatinous morphologies were associated with OSSN. Conjunctival intra-epithelial neoplasia made up 82% of cases.

Conclusion
Our study describes a sample of OSSN that is young and has no gender predisposition. The majority of cases presented with CIN lesions, rather than SCC reported in other African countries. HIV was the most significant risk factor in this study population.
Digital health, digital medicine, and digital therapeutics in cardiology: current evidence and future perspective in Japan
Authors: Nomura Akihiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTen years passed since Japan set out the Action Plan of Growth Strategy that declared the initiatives of digitalization for medicine, nursing care, and healthcare to achieve the world’s most advanced medical care. The initiatives formed the foundation of the Japanese national strategy and have been continuously refined, resulting in the current environment of digital health and digital medicine. Digital health–related terminologies are organized, such as “digital health,” “digital medicine,” and “digital therapeutics” (DTx), as well as several common digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and mobile health (mHealth). DTx is included in mHealth and is a novel disease treatment option. Also, this article thoroughly describes DTx in Japan and compares it with those in the US and Germany, the leading countries in digital health–related policies, regulations, and their development status. In Japan, two of three DTx applications that have been approved and reimbursed by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare are explained in detail in relation to cardiovascular medicine. When added to a standard smoking cessation program, the DTx system for nicotine dependence significantly improved the continuous abstinence rate. Moreover, the DTx for hypertension together with the guideline-based hypertension management was effective in patients aged 65 years or younger who were diagnosed with essential hypertension without antihypertensive agents, and it was also found to be cost-effective. DTx in cardiovascular medicine, with consideration on safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, could be widely used not only through basic experiments and clinical studies but also through social implementation.
Leukemia relapse via genetic immune escape after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Pagliuca Simona , Gurnari Carmelo , Hercus Colin , Hergalant Sébastien , Hong Sanghee , Dhuyser Adele , D’Aveni Maud , Aarnink Alice , Rubio Marie Thérèse , Feugier Pierre , Ferraro Francesca , Carraway Hetty E. , Sobecks Ronald , Hamilton Betty K. , Majhail Navneet S. , Visconte Valeria , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGraft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reactions are responsible for the effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as a treatment modality for myeloid neoplasia, whereby donor T- effector cells recognize leukemia neoantigens. However, a substantial fraction of patients experiences relapses because of the failure of the immunological responses to control leukemic outgrowth. Here, through a broad immunogenetic study, we demonstrate that germline and somatic reduction of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) heterogeneity enhances the risk of leukemic recurrence. We show that preexistent germline-encoded low evolutionary divergence of class II HLA genotypes constitutes an independent factor associated with disease relapse and that acquisition of clonal somatic defects in HLA alleles may lead to escape from GvL control. Both class I and II HLA genes are targeted by somatic mutations as clonal selection factors potentially impairing cellular immune responses and response to immunomodulatory strategies. These findings define key molecular modes of post-transplant leukemia escape contributing to relapse.
Hydrogenase-based oxidative biocatalysis without oxygen
Authors: Al-Shameri Ammar , Siebert Dominik L. , Sutiono Samuel , Lauterbach Lars , Sieber Volker 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiocatalysis-based synthesis can provide a sustainable and clean platform for producing chemicals. Many oxidative biocatalytic routes require the cofactor NAD+ as an electron acceptor. To date, NADH oxidase (NOX) remains the most widely applied system for NAD+ regeneration. However, its dependence on O2 implies various technical challenges in terms of O2 supply, solubility, and mass transfer. Here, we present the suitability of a NAD+ regeneration system in vitro based on H2 evolution. The efficiency of the hydrogenase-based system is demonstrated by integrating it into a multi-enzymatic cascade to produce ketoacids from sugars. The total NAD+ recycled using the hydrogenase system outperforms NOX in all different setups reaching up to 44,000 mol per mol enzyme. This system proves to be scalable and superior to NOX in terms of technical simplicity, flexibility, and total output. Furthermore, the system produces only green H2 as a by-product even in the presence of O2.
Cryo-EM structure of the folded-back state of human β-cardiac myosin
Authors: Grinzato Alessandro , Auguin Daniel , Kikuti Carlos , Nandwani Neha , Moussaoui Dihia , Pathak Divya , Kandiah Eaazhisai , Ruppel Kathleen M. , Spudich James A. , Houdusse Anne , Robert-Paganin Julien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo save energy and precisely regulate cardiac contractility, cardiac muscle myosin heads are sequestered in an ‘off’ state that can be converted to an ‘on’ state when exertion is increased. The ‘off’ state is equated with a folded-back structure known as the interacting-heads motif (IHM), which is a regulatory feature of all class-2 muscle and non-muscle myosins. We report here the human β-cardiac myosin IHM structure determined by cryo-electron microscopy to 3.6 Å resolution, providing details of all the interfaces stabilizing the ‘off’ state. The structure shows that these interfaces are hot spots of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations that are thought to cause hypercontractility by destabilizing the ‘off’ state. Importantly, the cardiac and smooth muscle myosin IHM structures dramatically differ, providing structural evidence for the divergent physiological regulation of these muscle types. The cardiac IHM structure will facilitate development of clinically useful new molecules that modulate IHM stability.
Palladium-catalyzed regiodivergent hydrochlorocarbonylation of alkenes for formation of acid chlorides
Authors: Wu Fei , Wang Bo , Li Na-Qi , Yang Hui-Yi , Ren Zhi-Hui , Guan Zheng-Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNovel strategy for acid chlorides formation that do not use carboxylic acids is particularly attractive in chemical synthesis but remains challenging. Herein, we reported the development of a highly effective Pd-catalyzed hydrochlorocarbonylation of alkenes with CO for the formation of alkyl acid chlorides. Chlorosilane and AcOH were found as a mild HCl source for the reaction. The reaction shows broad substrate scope and produces both branched and linear alkyl acid chlorides in good to high yields upon different ligands and solvents. Cooperating with follow-up acylation reactions, the Pd-catalyzed hydrochlorocarbonylation offers a complementary platform for the synthesis of diverse carbonyl compounds from alkenes. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the reaction proceeded though a palladium hydride pathway, and CO prompted reductive elimination of the acyl-Pd-Cl intermediate.
Thermal disruption of a Luttinger liquid
Authors: Cavazos-Cavazos Danyel , Senaratne Ruwan , Kafle Aashish , Hulet Randall G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory describes the low-energy excitations of strongly correlated one-dimensional (1D) fermions. In the past years, a number of studies have provided a detailed understanding of this universality class. More recently, theoretical investigations that go beyond the standard low-temperature, linear-response TLL regime have been developed. While these provide a basis for understanding the dynamics of the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid, there are few experimental investigations in this regime. Here we report the observation of a thermally induced, spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid in a 6Li atomic Fermi gas confined to 1D. We use Bragg spectroscopy to measure the suppression of spin-charge separation and the decay of correlations as the temperature is increased. Our results probe the crossover between the coherent and incoherent regimes of the Luttinger liquid and elucidate the roles of the charge and the spin degrees of freedom in this regime.