bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of ZnIn2S4/CdS/PdS S‐Scheme Heterostructure for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Sun Guotai , Tai Zige , Li Fan , Ye Qian , Wang Ting , Fang Zhiyu , Jia Lichao , Liu Wei , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is facing a tremendous challenge to develop the desirable hybrids for photocatalytic H2 generation by integrating the advantages of a single semiconductor. Herein, an all‐sulfide ZnIn2S4/CdS/PdS heterojunction is constructed for the first time, where CdS and PdS nanoparticles anchor in the spaces of ZnIn2S4 micro‐flowers due to the confinement effects. The morphology engineering can guarantee rapid charge transfer owing to the short carrier migration distances and the luxuriant reactive sites provided by ZnIn2S4. The S‐scheme mechanism between ZnIn2S4 and CdS assisted by PdS cocatalyst is testified by in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), where the electrons and holes move in reverse driven by work function difference and built‐in electric field at the interfaces. The optimal ZnIn2S4/CdS/PdS performs a glaring photocatalytic activity of 191.9 µmol h−1 (10 mg of catalyst), and the largest AQE (apparent quantum efficiency) can reach a high value of 26.26%. This work may afford progressive tactics to design multifunctional photocatalysts.
Amorphous Oxysulfide Reconstructed from Spinel NiCo2S4 for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Sun Ying Ying , Zhang Xin Yu , Tang Jianfang , Li Xiaoxia , Fu Huai Qin , Xu Hao Guan , Mao Fangxin , Liu PengFei , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe progress of effective and durable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgent, which is essential to promote the overall efficiency of green hydrogen production. To improve the performance of spinel cobalt‐based oxides, which serve as promising water oxidation electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes, most researches have been concentrated on cations modification. Here, an anionic regulation mechanism is employed to adopt sulfur(S) anion substitution to supplant NiCo2O4 by NiCo2S4, which contributed to an impressive OER performance in alkali. It is revealed that the substitution of S constructs a sub‐stable spinel structure that facilitates its reconstruction into active amorphous oxysulfide under OER conditions. More importantly, as the active phase in the actual reaction process, the hetero‐anionic amorphous oxysulfide has an appropriately tuned electronic structure and efficient OER electrocatalytic activity. This work demonstrates a promising approach for achieving anion conditioning‐based tunable structure reconstruction for robust and easy preparation spinel oxide OER electrocatalysts.
Passivating Oxygen Evolution Activity of NiFe‐LDH through Heterostructure Engineering to Realize High‐Efficiency Electrocatalytic Formate and Hydrogen Co‐Production
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Xiao Tongyao , Xu Cui , Wang Suwen , Peng Hui‐Qing , Zhang Wenjun , Liu Bin , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is proposed to replace oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis owing to the favorable thermodynamics of MOR than OER. However, there is still a competition between the MOR and the OER when the applied potential is in the conventional OER zone. How to inhibit OER while maintaining efficient MOR is an open and challenging question, and there are few reports focusing on this thus far. Herein, by taking NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a model catalyst due to its intrinsically high catalytic activity for the OER, the perspective of inhibiting OER is shown and thus promoting MOR through a heterogenous engineering of NiFe‐LDH. The engineered heterostructure comprising NiFe‐LDH and in situ formed NiFe‐hexylaminobenzene (NiFe‐HAB) coordination polymer exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic capability for methanol oxidation to formic acid (e.g., the Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of formate product are close to 100% at various current densities, all of which are much larger than those (53–65%) on unmodified NiFe‐LDH). Mechanism studies unlock the modification of NiFe‐HAB passivates the OER activity of NiFe‐LDH through tailoring the free energies for element reaction steps of the OER and increasing the free energy of the rate‐determining step, consequently leading to efficient MOR.
Turn “Waste” Into Wealth: MoO2@coal Gangue Electrocatalyst with Amorphous/Crystalline Heterostructure for Efficient Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Sun Zhihui , Hu Yingjie , Zeng Kai , Li Meng , Zhao Shuai , Zhang Jixiong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnreasonable accumulation of coal gangue in mining area has become the major source of global pollution. Probing the high‐valued utilization of coal gangue has become a key approach to address the problem. Herein, a promising catalyst of MoO2@coal gangue with amorphous/crystalline heterostructure derived from mine solid waste, which acts as an efficient cathode for Li–O2 batteries is first reported. Impressively, the as‐prepared catalyst exhibits a favorable initial discharge capacity of 9748 mAh g−1 and promising long‐term cyclic stability over 2200 h. Experimental results coupled with density functional theory (DFT) analysis reveal that the synergistic interaction between high‐activity MoO2 and stable SiO2, unique amorphous/crystalline heterostructure and the modified interfacial adsorption of LiO2 intermediate are critical factors in promoting the electrochemical performance. This work provides a new insight to design marked electrocatalysts by mine solid waste for Li–O2 batteries.
Hybrid Perovskite‐Based Wireless Integrated Device Exceeding a Solar to Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency of 11%
Authors: Park Jaemin , Lee Junwoo , Lee Hyungsoo , Im Hayoung , Moon Subin , Jeong Chang‐Seop , Yang Wooseok , Moon Jooho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA wireless solar water splitting device provides a means to achieve an inexpensive and highly distributed solar‐to‐fuel system owing to its portability, flexible scale, and simple design. Here, a highly efficient hydrogen‐generating artificial leaf is introduced, which is a wireless configuration for converting solar energy into chemical energy, by integrating a hybrid perovskite (PSK) as the light absorber with catalysts for electrochemical reaction. First, a single integrated photoelectrochemical photocathode, and a spatially decoupled hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, are fabricated. A decoupled geometry is adopted to enable the physical protection of the PSK layer from the electrolyte, thus allowing excellent stability for over 85 h. Additionally, an efficient dual photovoltaic module photocathode is fabricated to produce sufficient photovoltage to drive water splitting reactions, as well as a high photocurrent to achieve the applied‐bias photoconversion efficiency (13.5%). To investigate the overall water splitting performance, a NiFe–OH catalyst is employed, and the device with a wired configuration achieves a photocurrent density of 9.35 mA cm−2 , corresponding to a solar to hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 11.5%. The device with a fully integrated wireless artificial leaf configuration exhibited a similar STH efficiency of over 11%, demonstrating the effectiveness of this cell design.
Rational Synthesis of Core‐Shell‐Structured Nickel Sulfide‐Based Nanostructures for Efficient Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Ren Jin‐Tao , Chen Lei , Tian Wen‐Wen , Song Xin‐Lian , Kong Qing‐Hui , Wang Hao‐Yu , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVersatile electrocatalysis at higher current densities for natural seawater splitting to produce hydrogen demands active and robust catalysts to overcome the severe chloride corrosion, competing chlorine evolution, and catalyst poisoning. Hereto, the core‐shell‐structured heterostructures composed of amorphous NiFe hydroxide layer capped Ni3S2 nanopyramids which are directly grown on nickel foam skeleton (NiS@LDH/NF) are rationally prepared to regulate cooperatively electronic structure and mass transport for boosting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance at larger current densities. The prepared NiS@LDH/NF delivers the anodic current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of 341 mV in 1.0 m KOH seawater. The feasible surface reconstruction of Ni3S2‐FeNi LDH interfaces improves the chemical stability and corrosion resistance, ensuring the robust electrocatalytic activity in seawater electrolytes for continuous and stable oxygen evolution without any hypochlorite production. Meanwhile, the designed Ni3S2 nanopyramids coated with FeNi2P layer (NiS@FeNiP/NF) still exhibit the improved hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in 1.0 m KOH seawater. Furthermore, the NiS@FeNiP/NF||NiS@LDH/NF pair requires cell voltage of 1.636 V to attain 100 mA cm−2 with a 100% Faradaic efficiency, exhibiting tremendous potential for hydrogen production from seawater.
Emerging MXene‐Based Flexible Tactile Sensors for Health Monitoring and Haptic Perception
Authors: Lai Qin‐Teng , Zhao Xin‐Hua , Sun Qi‐Jun , Tang Zhenhua , Tang Xin‐Gui , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to their potential applications in physiological monitoring, diagnosis, human prosthetics, haptic perception, and human–machine interaction, flexible tactile sensors have attracted wide research interest in recent years. Thanks to the advances in material engineering, high performance flexible tactile sensors have been obtained. Among the representative pressure sensing materials, 2D layered nanomaterials have many properties that are superior to those of bulk nanomaterials and are more suitable for high performance flexible sensors. As a class of 2D inorganic compounds in materials science, MXene has excellent electrical, mechanical, and biological compatibility. MXene‐based composites have proven to be promising candidates for flexible tactile sensors due to their excellent stretchability and metallic conductivity. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to the development of MXene‐based composites for flexible sensor applications. In this paper, the controllable preparation and characterization of MXene are introduced. Then, the recent progresses on fabrication strategies, operating mechanisms, and device performance of MXene composite‐based flexible tactile sensors, including flexible piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, triboelectric sensors are reviewed. After that, the applications of MXene material‐based flexible electronics in human motion monitoring, healthcare, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for MXene‐based tactile sensors are summarized.
Effects of Sodium Alginate and Guar Gum Matrices on the Structure and In Vitro Digestion of Native Corn Starch after Encapsulation Using Spray Drying
Authors: Kraithong Supaluck , Theppawong Atiruj , Ai Yongfeng , Issara Utthapon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study aims to investigate the influence of hydrocolloid matrices, including sodium alginate (SA) and guar gum (GG), on the digestive properties of native corn starch (NCS). The native starch is encapsulated with SA (1% w/v), SA (0.75% w/v) + GG (0.25% w/v), SA (0.50% w/v) + GG (0.50% w/v), SA (0.25% w/v) + GG (0.75% w/v), and GG (1% w/v) through a laboratory‐scale spray drying process. The results reveal novel comparative and cooperative effects of encapsulant materials on starch hydrolysis. SA is found to be a superior encapsulant in terms of enhancing the slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) contents and improving the thermal stability of NCS, which is attributed to its rough matrix structure. This effect is attributed to the rough matrix structure of SA, which may offer greater resistance to water and enzyme penetration. The combination of 0.75% w/v SA + 0.25% w/v GG is found to be the most effective in reducing digestibility and enhancing thermal stability (p < 0.05), likely due to synergistic interactions between the two hydrocolloids. These findings provide valuable information on the effects of hydrocolloid matrices on the digestive properties of NCS and lay the foundation for future research.
Eligibility for antiviral therapy and treatment uptake in chronic hepatitis B patients referred to a European tertiary care center
Authors: Jachs Mathias , Sauberer Raphael , Stiegler Alexander , Dechêne Anton , Tazreiter Raphael , Hartl Lukas , Bauer David , Balcar Lorenz , Strassl Robert , Mandorfer Mattias , Trauner Michael , Munda Petra , Ferenci Peter , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTreatment indications for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) differ among recommendations by European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and World Health Organization (WHO). We aimed to assess treatment eligibility and linkage to therapy at a large tertiary care center.MethodsAll CHB patients who were evaluated for treatment at the Vienna General Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020 were retrospectively included. Clinical, virological, and long‐term treatment efficacy data were analyzed.ResultsA total of 751 CHB patients were included (53.3% male; median age: 39.5 years; HBeAg‐positive: 10.8%). The median Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)‐DNA and HBsAg levels were 569 (68–11,750) IU/mL and 3467.65 (620.05–11,935.43) IU/mL, respectively. Overall, 9.2% of patients had severe fibrosis/cirrhosis, and 5.7% were coinfected with hepatitis D virus (HDV), which was highly prevalent in cirrhosis. According to the recent EASL nomenclature, 3.2% of patients had HBeAg‐positive chronic infection, 7.6% had HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis, 58.9% had HBeAg‐negative chronic infection, and 30.4% had HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis. At the time of evaluation, 36.4% had HBV‐DNA >2000 IU/mL, and 37.3% showed alanine aminotransferase >40 U/L. Ultimately, 26.9% (EASL), 29.0% (AASLD) and 23.4% (WHO) met the treatment criteria. Treatment was initiated in most patients, mainly with tenofovir (61.8%) or entecavir (34.9%). Treatment efficiently suppressed HBV‐DNA in all patients; however, HBsAg loss was observed only in 2.8% at 5 years of therapy.ConclusionsSevere fibrosis/cirrhosis was found in 9.2% of CHB patients at presentation, and 23.4%–29.5% met current treatment recommendations with a high treatment uptake of 79.8%–89.2% among eligible patients.
Going Nowhere: Oceanic Im/Mobilities in North American Refugee Fiction
Authors: Ganser Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn philosophy and theory, the terms flight and territorialization are tightly connected to Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus. Through “lines of flight”—unpredictable routes defying spatial control—they conceptualize the breakup of a hegemonic spatial semantics through the mobility of the nomad. These lines make the paths of “deterritorialization,” contravening normative spatial structures (“striated” space) and producing “smooth space” that escapes structuration and control. Postcolonial critics such as Gayatri Spivak have held Deleuzian philosophy accountable for reaffirming a universal (white male) subject, but rarely debate lines of flight and deterritorialization, which appear somewhat romantic if applied to refugees subjected to involuntarily deterritorialization. In my essay, I ask how literature can perform the work of a conceptual corrective to such blind spots by reading Edwidge Danticat’s 1991 short story “Children of the Sea” and the novel Dogs at the Perimeter by the Chinese-Malaysian Canadian Madeleine Thien (2011). Danticat’s story focuses on the Haitian “boat people” that attempted to reach Florida shores in the 1980s and 1990s, while Thien examines the Cambodian genocide and its consequences for the children that came to Canada as refugees. Both texts, I argue, articulate what Achille Mbembe has called the necropolitics of genocide and demographic control and perform a grueling critique of the necropolitical structures that continue to produce transoceanic death.
“Spoken Nowhere but on the Water”: Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies and Lost-and-Found Languages of the Indian Ocean World
Authors: Lavery Charne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmitav Ghosh’s fictional oeuvre makes a major contribution to contemporary sea fiction, particularly that written from a non-Eurocentric perspective. HisIbistrilogy, for instance, paints a vivid picture of historical oceanic mobility in the form of ship journeys and littoral interconnections, centered on and in the Indian Ocean world. This chapter explores one aspect of that mobility, a language “spoken only on the water,” a roving dialect that Ghosh both painstakingly and playfully recreates in the first novel of the trilogy,Sea of Poppies. Laskariis a dialect that was spoken among lascar sailors born of, and borne on, the Indian Ocean. This essay examines the ways in which two dominant areas of Ghosh’s experimentation and interest—language and the sea—intersect inSea of Poppies,through a focus onlaskarias a lingua franca of work. It argues that the intersection can be approached in three ways: through the lens of Ghosh’s production of Indian Ocean space, as a language of South-South mobility; through the lens of sailor speech as a vernacular associated particularly with the craft of sail, participating in a tradition of sea fiction that harks back to Conrad and Melville; and, briefly, through the lens of postcolonial ecology, as a language that has been lost and only partially recovered.
South Seas Speculation in Finance and Fiction
Authors: Kennedy Melissa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the Western imaginary, the “south seas” of the Pacific Ocean has always been a speculative space on which both desires and fears are projected. Western images of fantastical, utopian spaces and exotic species ripe for conquest and capitalist extraction have left long legacies, that today continue to impact on issues of land ownership, indigenous agency, and response to ecological devastation. The conceptualization of the “south seas” in Britain’s first financial crisis, the 1720 south sea Bubble and its associated satirical fiction, produced a dominant, overdetermined imaginary of the Pacific that masked its real financial and economic motivations. As this paper’s analysis of the 2017 BBC television seriesTabooargues, this imaginary stubbornly remains 300 years later, enabling unbound speculative investment, extraction, and concealment that are damaging the world economy through offshore finance, and global ecology through reckless pillaging of natural resources.
Precarious Passages: On Migrant Maritime Mobilities, ca. 1907
Authors: Sander Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTaking contemporary visual discourse on ‘precarious passages’ as a starting point, Sander’s contribution explores the media and material conditions of migrant maritime mobilities around 1900. In the wake of the second wave of mass migration to the United States, a new kind of steamship was developed that shaped the experience of the passage from the ‘Old’ to the New World: the Grand Ocean Lines. Not unlike today, the parameters of this experience were based on economic and social structures. While the great mass of migrants traveled under unreasonably perilous conditions in the dark and dirty steerage holds of the ship, the upper decks of the ocean liners developed into ‘Grand Hotels,’ offering the first- and second-class passengers luxurious voyages on the very same steamers. Alfred Stieglitz’s famous cubist photograph “The Steerage” (1907) powerfully shows these divergent class conditions. The picture, in which new formal parameters are combined with a clear look at everyday reality on the steamship, thus became one of the most important images of maritime modernity.
High Sea and Sediment: Watermarks in Ilse Aichinger’s Work
Authors: Pelz Annegret 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter seeks to trace the significance of water and the sea in the work of Austrian author Ilse Aichinger (1921–2016). By looking at both Aichinger’s literary texts (her 1948 novel The Greater Hope, her radio plays “Gare Maritime” and “Auckland” as well as the prose miniature “Flecken”) and her poetological work, the chapter shows how the author uses the sea in order to make sense of the conditions of narrative writing in the postwar period. Taking issue with Anglophone realist seafarer-narrators such as Joseph Conrad, Aichinger instead refers to the sea as an indicator of a rupture in narrative continuity, of a break with realist narration. However, while the sea appears as a destructive flood that threatens meaning and narrative closure, it also harbors the potential for linguistic renewal in her work. For Aichinger, the sea also has autobiographical meaning, indicating salvation: In 1938, her sister was able to escape from the Nazis, crossing the channel to England on a ship as part of a Kindertransport (children’s transport). By turning the “stains” of dried out language into the seeds of new narrative, Aichinger suggests a possibile way, through writing, to counter the threat of forgetting the National Socialist era.
Place-Based Approaches to Food System Resilience: Emerging Trends and Lessons from South Africa
Authors: Losch Bruno , May Julian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFood systems have outcomes related to three goals: food and nutrition security; livelihoods and economic inclusion; and environmental sustainability. Place-based approaches help to delineate the adequate territories in which coalitions of actors can address such goals. In the case of food, they facilitate food system resilience through identifying opportunities for adaptation to change and offer risk management to deal with external shocks. In many countries, local authorities and communities were central in the early response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The South African experience is illustrative of their potential roles in a time of crisis. Although South Africa’s provinces have restricted competency for food system governance, the Western Cape Province adopted a pro-active approach and developed from 2014 a food security strategy where it commits to a wide range of interventions. Related and following local debates provided a fertile context which allowed further engagement about ways to improve food governance. It facilitated the emergence of multiple community-led initiatives to address the loss of livelihoods and food insecurity during the crisis. This experience illustrates the potential to produce polycentric forms of governance that can progressively result in collaborative governance; it also reveals how embryonic territorial approaches addressing food system issues can emerge.
Food Security and the Fractured Consensus on Food Resilience: An Analysis of Development Agency Narratives
Authors: Lindgren Karl-Axel , Lang Tim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe published narratives on food resilience of 16 development agencies are analysed. Using a rapid appraisal method, their positions and conception of resilience as a factor in food security are scrutinised. The study provides a snapshot of thought in 2020 and 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, biodiversity loss and a policy focus on food systems have made resilience prominent in food policy. Firstly, concerns are raised that resilience may follow food security in its plasticity, blunting its critical edge. Secondly, the methods are explained. Thirdly, the findings are presented and organised by agency type. Fourthly, the findings are discussed. A fractured consensus around food resilience is noted. Despite broad agreement that resilience is a useful dimension for food security, there is no mutually agreed systematic conceptualisation or framework. Agencies use different definitions, approaches and measurements in their discourse, with varying levels of complexity. Some agencies adopt resilience as a buzzword, while others make it central to their institutional approach. The chapter concludes that, although resilience is emerging as core concept, its value would be strengthened with interdisciplinary attention paid to how food resilience is measured; unless this occurs, the risk is that resilience will be diluted as it becomes ubiquitous.