bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerometric assessment of fatigue-induced changes in swimming technique in high performance adolescent athletes
Authors: Skorulski Maciej , Stachowicz Małgorzata , Kuliś Szymon , Gajewski Jan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present study analyzed the kinematic changes under fatigue in highly trained adolescent swimmers during a 50-m all-out front cwal test. Twenty-four girls and fourteen boys aged 12–13 participated in the study. The movement of the hip rim was analyzed using a specialized inertial device equipped with a triaxial gyroscope and accelerometer to measure changes in angular velocity and acceleration. Between the first and second lengths of the pool, the following were observed: a significant (F1.36 = 63.6; p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.64) increase (34%) in maximum pelvic angle, significant (F1,36 = 6.0; p = 0.0193; η2 = 0.14;) increase (12.10%) in angular velocity in rotational motion around a vertical axis, and a significant (F1,36 = 11.29; p = 0.0018; η2 = 0.24) increase (6.86%) in angular velocity in yaw rotation motion around the sagittal axis. Significant (F1,36 = 13.96; p = 0.0006; η2 = 0.28) differences in maximum pelvic angle were observed for lap and side. As unfavourable changes in kinematics are already observed in the second half of the distance, it is therefore suspected that performing frequent high-intensity repetitions may lead to the perpetuation of unfavourable movement patterns. Taking this into account, coaches should limit maximum-speed swimming in adolescent athletes to short distances and an appropriate interval and use training methods to reduce asymmetric work such as training snorkels.
Optimization and DFT study for boosted electooxidation of formic acid at NiOx modified Pt using urea derivatives as blending fuels
Authors: Saada Aya M. , Gaith Mohamed E. , El-Sherif Ahmed A. , El-Deab Mohamed S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper addresses the enhancement of formic acid electrooxidation (FAO) at Pt and Pt-NiOx nanoparticles based-catalysts assisted with urea derivatives as blending fuels. Blending formic acid with various ratios of urea derivatives showed noticeable enhancements of FAO as demonstrated by a favorable negative shift of its onset potential (E
onset) and increase of its peak current density concurrently with suppression of the amount of CO poisoning reaction intermediate. Among all the used derivatives, phenyl urea (PU) showed superior enhancing effect towards the direct FAO with a minimal CO formation together with a favorable negative shift of E
onset by 150 mV. The superb enhancing effect of PU over U and/or other urea derivatives (investigated herein) is attributed mainly to the withdrawing inductive effect of the phenyl group attached to urea. That is the formation of 8 membered ring via hydrogen bonding between PU and formate anion is thought to enrich the electrode/electrolyte interface by FA in such a favorable orientation facilitating the C-H scissoring resulting in the direct oxidation of FA (to CO2) with almost no possibility for CO formation. DFT calculations are used to support this assumption in line with experimental results.
Naturally russeted and wound russeted skins of mango (cv. ‘Apple’) show no differences in anatomy, chemical composition or gene expression
Authors: Straube Jannis , Athoo Thomas O. , Zeisler-Diehl Viktoria , Suresh Kiran , Schreiber Lukas , Knoche Moritz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The mango cultivar ‘Apple’ is commercially important in Kenya but highly susceptible to russeting. Russeting refers to an area of fruit skin where the primary (epidermal) surface has been replaced by a secondary (peridermal) surface. The objective was to establish histologies, gene expressions and chemical compositions of a natural periderm, a wound-induced periderm and of cuticles of an un-russeted skin. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a suberized phellem in natural and wound-induced periderms. Wound-induced periderms had more cell layers and a higher mass than natural periderms. Compared with cuticles, periderms showed decreased expressions of cuticle-related genes (MiSHN1, MiGPAT6, MiCUS1, MiCER1, MiWCB11) and increased expressions of periderm-related genes (MiMYB93, MiNAC058, MiCYP86A1, MiCYP86B1, MiGPAT5, MiABCG20). Natural periderms and wound-induced periderms contained cutin and suberin monomers (C16-C28), including carboxylic, dicarboxylic, and ω-hydroxy acids and primary alcohols. Cuticles of the primary skin contained cutin monomers of similar chemistry but shorter chain lengths (C16-C22). The wax composition in natural and wound-induced periderms was similar to that in cuticles. Lignin monomers in natural and wound-induced periderms contained p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl units, but only traces of these occurred in cuticles. In ‘Apple’ mango, the histologies, gene expressions and compositions of natural and wound-induced periderms are largely the same.
Scale-dependent responses to environmental fluctuations in tropical tree species’ crown temperatures
Authors: Bayliss Shannon L. J. , Broadbent Eben N. , Almeyda Zambrano Angélica M. , Cordell Susan , Pau Stephanie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tropical forests may be nearing critical temperatures, yet tree species may respond differently. Using high-resolution thermal, hyperspectral, and LiDAR imagery, we mapped 652 crowns of four Hawaiian tree species to study the effects of crown traits and abiotic conditions on species’ temperatures at two scales (whole crown vs. sunlit leaves). We show scale-dependent, species-specific relationships with environmental fluctuations. Net radiation was consistently the dominant determinant of crown temperature deviations from air temperature (Tdiff), while vapor pressure deficit, wind speed, and crown traits (e.g., roughness) varied in importance by species and scale. Species explained 17% and 44% of Tdiff variation at the crown and leaf scales, respectively, after controlling for climatic factors. Findings suggest that leaf temperatures overestimate larger-scale temperature differences, while canopy-scale observations underestimate leaf heat stress. Because leaf and crown traits can have opposing effects on Tdiff, disentangling these can advance our understanding of species’ thermoregulation under climate change.
Structure formation in O-type stars and Wolf–Rayet stars
Authors: Van der Sijpt C. , Sundqvist J. O. , Debnath D. , Driessen F. A. , Moens N. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Turbulent small-scale structures in the envelopes and winds of massive stars have long been suggested as the cause for excessive line broadening in the spectra of these stars that could not be explained by other mechanisms such as thermal broadening. However, while these structures are also seen in recent radiation-hydrodynamical simulations, their origin, particularly in the envelope, has not been extensively studied.
Aims. We study the origin of structures seen in 2D radiation-hydrodynamical unified stellar atmosphere and wind simulations of O stars and Wolf–Rayet stars. Particularly, we study whether the structure growth in the simulations is consistent with sub-surface convection, as is commonly assumed to be the origin of this turbulence.
Methods. Using a linear stability analysis of the optically thick, radiation-pressure dominated envelopes of massive stars, we identified multiple instabilities that could be driving structure growth. We quantified the structure growth in the non-linear simulations of O stars and Wolf–Rayet stars by computing density power spectra and tracking their temporal evolution. Then, we compared these results to the analytical results from the stability analysis to distinguish between the different instabilities.
Results. The stability analysis leads to two possible instabilities: the convective instability and an acoustic instability that is a local variant of so-called strange modes. Analytic expressions for the growth rates of these different instabilities are found. In particular, strong radiative diffusion damps the growth rate ω of the convective instability in this regime leading to a distinct ω ∼ 1/k2 dependence on wavenumber k. From our power spectra analysis of the simulations, however, we find that structure growth rather increases with k – tentatively as ω ~ √k.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that, contrary to what is commonly assumed, structures in luminous O and Wolf–Rayet star envelopes do not primarily develop from the sub-surface convective instability. Rather the growth seems compatible with either the acoustic instability in the radiation-dominated regime or with Rayleigh-Taylor type instabilities, although the exact origin remains inconclusive for now.
Patient Journey von Menschen mit Down-Syndrom und Demenz: Zugang zur
und Schnittstellen in der medizinischen Versorgung – eine qualitative
Analyse
Authors: Walendzik Anke , Weitzel Milena , Giebel Godwin D. , Raszke Pascal , Wasem Jürgen , Levin Johannes , Wagemann Olivia , Wlasich Elisabeth , Nübling Georg , Pantel Johannes , Tesky Valentina A. , Schall Arthur , Hüer Theresa 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit Down-Syndrom haben im Vergleich zur
normativen Bevölkerung genetisch bedingt ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko, an
einer Alzheimer-Demenz mit frühem Beginn zu erkranken. Dadurch ergeben sich
besondere Herausforderungen sowie die Notwendigkeit einer
zielgruppenspezifischen Patient Journey.In einer Interviewstudie mit medizinischen
Leitungserbringenden, Vertreter:innen von Selbsthilfeorganisationen und
Wohn- und Arbeitseinrichtungen als Baustein des Innovationsfondsprojektes
„DS-Demenz“ wurden Hürden im medizinischen Versorgungsprozess der Zielgruppe
und Ansätze zu ihrer Überwindung erhoben. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse
fokussieren auf Zugang zur und Schnittstellengestaltung in der medizinischen
Versorgung. 14 leitfadengestützte Interviews wurden von einem
Moderator:innenteam per Videokonferenz durchgeführt, aufgezeichnet und
transkribiert. Die Auswertung erfolgte über eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse
in Anlehnung an Mayring.Im Zugang zur Diagnostik wurde von Verzögerungen durch
Schwierigkeiten bei der Symptomerkennung der Alzheimer Demenz aufgrund der
Variabilität des kognitiven Ausgangsniveaus und der in dem Zusammenhang
fehlenden Sachkunde der Untersucher:innen berichtet. Entsprechend zeigten
sich bei Erstzugang und Weiterleitung im Rahmen der Patient Journey Hürden
aufgrund häufig begrenzter medizinischer Kenntnisse über Erkrankungsrisiko
und -ausprägung in der Regelversorgung sowie eines unzureichenden Angebots
und fehlender Bekanntheit spezialisierter Leistungserbringender. Auch in der
Heilmitteltherapie wurde ein unzureichendes Angebot spezialisierter
Leistungserbringender deutlich. Ein Schwerpunkt der Verbesserungsvorschläge
lag auf einer gezielteren Patient:innensteuerung durch das Versorgungssystem
und einfach zugänglicher Information für Patient:innen und ihre Betreuenden
sowie auf einer verbesserten Schulung der Ärzt:innen.Die identifizierten Hürden entsprechen sowohl den in
der internationalen Literatur genannten Hürden wie dem unzureichenden
Angebot an spezialisierten Leistungserbringenden und Informationsdefiziten
über die spezifischen Krankheitsrisiken und Symptomatiken der Population als
auch den bekannten Steuerungs- und Koordinationsdefiziten des fragmentierten
deutschen Gesundheitssystems. Lösungsansätze sind einerseits in verbesserten
Informations- und Schulungsangeboten für Betreuende und
Leistungserbringende, andererseits aber in der Verbreiterung des Angebots
spezialisierter Leistungserbringender, hier insbesondere der Medizinischen
Zentren für Erwachsene mit Behinderung (MEZB), zu sehen. Diese
Lösungsansätze gehen im weiteren Verlauf des Forschungsprojekts in die
Entwicklung gesundheitspolitischer Handlungsempfehlungen ein, um die
Versorgungssituation Betroffener nachhaltig zu optimieren.
High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging for Treatment Sequencing of Multiple Aneurysms in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Scherschinski Lea , Graffeo Christopher S. , Hartke Joelle N. , Hackett Ashia M. , Catapano Joshua S. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objectives Approximately 30% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) present with multiple aneurysms. Identifying the ruptured aneurysm is often difficult, and not all lesions may be accessible through a single craniotomy. Magnetic resonance high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) is an innovative imaging modality that identifies aneurysm wall instability.
Design Technical note and literature review with an illustrative case report and operative videos.
Setting Outpatient, inpatient, and operating room of a quaternary neurosurgical referral center.
Participants SAH was diagnosed in a woman in her early 40s presenting with headache and left arm paresthesias.
Main Outcome Measures HR-VWI for treatment sequencing of multiple aneurysms in SAH.
Results Two saccular aneuryms were identified, arising from the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and basilar artery (BA) bifurcation. HR-VWI suggested the PICA aneurysm as the probable SAH source. Treatment recommendations were far lateral craniotomy for PICA aneurysm clipping, followed by staged orbitozygomatic craniotomy for BA aneurysm clipping at 3 months. Both procedures resulted in successful clip reconstruction of the aneurysm and an excellent neurological outcome.
Conclusion Effective management of SAH patients with multiple aneurysms demands specialized diagnostic and surgical strategies. Rapid, precise identification of the SAH source is imperative, as is comprehensive treatment of all aneurysms. Key educational findings include management pearls for patients with multiple aneurysms, SAH localization with HR-VWI, the importance of inspecting the circle of Willis in patients at high risk, and technical insights for PICA and BA aneurysm clipping.
Language experience influences performance on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: A cluster analysis
Authors: Chung-Fat-Yim Ashley , Hayakawa Sayuri , Marian Viorica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Studies investigating the effects of bilingualism on cognitive function have often yielded conflicting results, which may stem in part from the use of arbitrary criteria to categorize participants into groups based on language experience. The present study addresses this limitation by using a machine learning algorithm, known as cluster analysis, to identify naturally occurring subgroups of participants with similar language profiles. In a sample of 169 participants with varying degrees of first- and second-language proficiencies and ages of acquisition, the cluster analysis yielded four bilingual subgroups: late-unbalanced, early-unbalanced, late-balanced, and early-balanced. All participants completed the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Results revealed that early-balanced and early-unbalanced bilinguals scored higher than late-unbalanced bilinguals on the cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control subtests of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, whereas late-unbalanced bilinguals scored higher than early-balanced bilinguals on the verbal working memory subtest of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Bilingual language experience did not impact performance on measures of processing speed, episodic memory, and English vocabulary. These findings demonstrate the utility of data-driven approaches to capture the variability in language experience that exists in the real world. We conclude that different bilingual experiences can shape a wide range of cognitive abilities, from working memory to inhibitory control.
Feature screening for metric space-valued responses based on Fréchet regression with its applications
Authors: Tian Bing , Kang Jian , Zhong Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
In various applications, we need to handle more general types of responses, such as distributional data and matrix-valued data, rather than a scalar variable. When the dimension of predictors is ultrahigh, it is necessarily important to identify the relevant predictors for such complex types of responses. For example, in our Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging study, we need to select the relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms out of 582 591 candidates for the distribution of voxel-level intensities in each of 42 brain regions. To this end, we propose a new sure independence screening (SIS) procedure for general metric space-valued responses based on global Fréchet regression, termed as Fréchet-SIS. The marginal general residual sum of squares is utilized to serve as a marginal utility for evaluating the importance of predictors, where only a distance between data objects is needed. We theoretically show that the proposed Fréchet-SIS procedure enjoys the sure screening property under mild regularity conditions. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to demonstrate its excellent finite-sample performance. In Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging study, we identify important genes that correlate with brain activity across different stages of the disease and brain regions. In addition, we also include an economic case study to illustrate our proposal.
Therapeutic potential of ketone bodies on exercise intolerance in heart failure: looking beyond the heart
Authors: Soni Shubham , Skow Rachel J , Foulkes Stephen , Haykowsky Mark J , Dyck Jason R B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that ketone bodies have therapeutic potential in many cardiovascular diseases including heart failure (HF). Accordingly, this has led to multiple clinical trials that use ketone esters to treat HF patients, which we term ketone therapy. Ketone esters, specifically ketone monoesters, are synthetic compounds which, when consumed, are de-esterified into two β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) molecules and increase the circulating βOHB concentration. While many studies have primarily focused on the cardiac benefits of ketone therapy in HF, ketones can have numerous favorable effects in other organs such as the vasculature and skeletal muscle. Importantly, vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction are also heavily implicated in the reduced exercise tolerance, the hallmark feature in HF with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction, suggesting that some of the benefits observed in HF in response to ketone therapy may involve these non-cardiac pathways. Thus, we review the evidence suggesting how ketone therapy may be beneficial in improving cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function in HF and identify various potential mechanisms that may be important in the beneficial non-cardiac effects of ketones in HF.
Occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust and first-time acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide register-based cohort study 1976–2018
Authors: Wils Regitze Sølling , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Stokholm Zara Ann , Gustavsson Per , Plato Nils , Kolstad Henrik A , Sejbæk Camilla Sandal , Brauer Charlotte , Schlünssen Vivi , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Madsen Ida E H , Rugulies Reiner , Ketzel Matthias , Hansen Johnni , Bang Casper Niels Furbo , Kromhout Hans , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Bonde Jens Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Exposure to air pollution including diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is associated with increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Few studies have investigated the risk of AMI according to occupational exposure to DEE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to DEE and the risk of first-time AMI.

Methods and results
The study was a register-based cohort study of the Danish working population and included 903 415 individuals aged 35–50 years in 1995. Exposure estimates of DEE were assigned by linking a quantitative DEE job exposure matrix with the individual job history (1976–2017). National registers provided data on AMI throughout the follow-up period (1996–2018). The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for AMI were computed using Poisson regression while adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, ambient air pollution and occupational exposure to noise, physically demanding work, and job strain. A total of 35 511 cases of AMI occurred during the follow-up period of 19 357 326 person-years. Incidence rate ratios for cumulative exposure to DEE in the fully adjusted model were 1.04 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.00–1.08] for exposure levels between the 50th and 75th percentiles, and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04–1.12) for exposure levels ≥75th percentile. Recent exposure to DEE was associated with an increased IRR in the highest exposed quartile [IRR = 1.15 (95% CI: 1.05–1.27)], but only when compared within exposed workers.

Conclusion
Increasing exposure to DEE was associated with increasing IRR for first-time AMI across different exposure measures. The results indicate that AMI should be included in the risk assessment of DEE when establishing occupational exposure limits.
Community assembly of gut microbiomes in yolk sac fry of Atlantic salmon: host genetics, environmental microbiomes, and ecological processes
Authors: Mathisen Amalie Johanne Horn , Gómez de la Torre Canny Sol , Gundersen Madeleine S , Østensen Mari-Ann , Olsen Yngvar , Vadstein Olav , Bakke Ingrid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of host genetics and environmental microbiomes on the early gut microbiome of Atlantic salmon. We aimed at rearing the fish in either r- or K-selected environments, where the r-selected environment would be expected to be dominated by fast-growing opportunistic bacteria and thus represent more detrimental microbial environment than the K-selected water. Eggs from both wild and aquaculture strains of Atlantic salmon were hatched under germ-free conditions. One week after hatching, rearing flasks were inoculated with either r- or K-selected water communities. Three weeks after hatching, no effect of host strain on the gut microbiomes were observed. r-selection was found to take place in the rearing water of all flasks, including in the flasks added K-selected water. Still, the water microbiomes differed significantly between the flasks that had been added r- and K-selected water (Add-r and Add-K flasks, respectively). Lower alpha diversity and higher abundances of Pseudomonas were observed for the Add-K flasks, indicating a potential unfavorable microbial environment. Selection in the host structured the gut microbiomes, but an extensive interindividual variation was explained by stochastic processes in community assembly. The gut microbiomes also differed significantly between the Add-r and Add-K flasks. In Add-K flasks, they had higher similarities to the rearing water microbiomes, and the assembly of gut communities was less influenced by stochastic processes. The fish in Add-K flasks had lower growth rates than in Add-r flasks, probably as a result of negative host–microbe interactions. These findings highlight the importance of, but also the challenges related to, managing the microbial environment when cultivating fish.