bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant neutralizing escapes of Omicron and its sublineages in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals vaccinated with inactivated vaccines
Authors: Shen Fan , Yang Cui‐Xian , Lu Ying , Zhang Mi , Tian Ren‐Rong , Dong Xing‐Qi , Li An‐Qi , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Pang Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn China, most SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals had been vaccinated with inactivated vaccines. However, little is known about their immune resistances to the previous variants of concerns (VOCs) and the current Omicron sublineages. Here, we collected convalescent serum samples from SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals during the ancestral, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 waves, and evaluated their cross‐neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against the previous VOCs and the current Omicron sublineages using VSV‐based pseudoviruses. In the convalescents who had been unvaccinated and vaccinated with two doses of inactivated vaccines, we found infections from either the ancestral or the Delta strain elicited moderate cross‐nAbs to previous VOCs, but very few cross‐nAbs to the Omicron sublineages, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, and BA.4/5. The individuals who had been vaccinated with two doses of inactivated vaccines before Omicron BA.1 infection had moderate nAbs to Omicron BA.1, but weak cross‐nAbs to the other Omicron sublineages. While three doses of inactivated vaccines followed Omicron BA.1 infection induced elevated and still weak cross‐nAbs to other Omicron sublineages. Our results indicate that the Omicron sublineages show significant immune escape in the previously SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals and thus highlights the importance of vaccine boosters in this population.
Developmental outcomes in children born to women with possible subclinical rubella exposures during pregnancy
Authors: Hutton Jill 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated outcomes of children born to women who seroconverted to rubella immune during pregnancy. In a prior 2012–2013 study of 296 women who were rubella nonimmune, 26 (8.8%) seroconverted to rubella immune during pregnancy. These same women and their now 8–9 years‐old children were queried as to the children's developmental health. After removing exclusions and those lost to follow‐up, the total response rate was 115/204 (56.4%). Three sets of twins in the nonimmune group increased the total to 118. The seroconversion group had more autism (12.5% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.19), ADHD (37.5% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.10), and any developmental disability (43.8% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.39) but none showed a statistical difference between the two groups. Compared to Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring data, the seroconversion group had a greater prevalence of autism (odds ratio [OR] 6.07, p = 0.051, nonsignificant); and to data derived from the National Health Interview Survey, a nonsignificant higher odds of autism (OR 5.57, p = 0.060), higher odds of ADHD (OR 5.65, p = 0.0027) and of any developmental disability (OR 3.59, p = 0.014). The nonimmune group also demonstrated a statistically significant increase for both ADHD and any developmental disability, but not for autism.
A new design of parity preserving reversible Vedic multiplier targeting emerging quantum circuits
Authors: Noorallahzadeh Mojtaba , Mosleh Mohammad , Ahmadpour Seyed‐Sajad , Pal Jayanta , Sen Bibhash 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReversible logic is used increasingly to design digital circuits with lower power consumption. The parity preserving (PP) property contributes to detect permanent and transient faults in reversible circuits by comparing the input and output parity. Multiplication is also considered one of the primary operations in both digital and analog circuits due to its wide applications in digital signal processing and computer arithmetic operations. Accordingly, Vedic mathematics, as a set of techniques sutras, has become popular and is extensively used to solve mathematical problems more efficiently and faster. This work proposes three PP reversible blocks, N1, N2, and N3, which are used to develop a novel effective 2‐bit PP reversible Vedic multiplier and 4‐bit ripples carry adders (RCAs). Moreover, 2‐bit Vedic multiplier and RCA are used to develop the 4‐bit PP reversible Vedic multiplier. The proposed designs outperform the most relevant state‐of‐the‐art structures in terms of garbage output (GO), constant input (CI), gate count (GC), and quantum cost (QC). Average savings of 22.37%, 35.44%, 35.44%, and 34.76%, and 17.76%, 26.60%, 24.52%, and 27.27% respectively, are observed for two‐bit and four‐bit PP reversible Vedic multipliers in terms of QC, GO, CI and GC as compared to previous works.
Molecular characteristics of periodontal health: Collagens
Authors: Zachariadou Christina , Hart Thomas , Hooper Deborah , Mariotti Angelo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDefining periodontal health has been an ambitious and complex goal. The numerous and varied definitions of what constitutes periodontal health have resulted in a collection of subjective and unreliable clinical findings to diagnose and classify periodontal health and disease. The aim of this study was to fundamentally delineate the molecular characteristics of healthy periodontal tissues in men and women as they age, using the most abundant connective tissue component: Collagens.MethodsHealthy gingival biopsies were separated into “young” (aged 18–35 years, five men/five women) and “old” (≥60 years, five men/four women) age groups depending on biological sex. RNA was extracted and next‐generation RNA sequencing was performed using Unique Molecular Identifiers. Collagen gene expression was determined and quantified for young and old, male and female individuals.ResultsTwenty‐six human collagens were identified in healthy gingival tissues. In general, age and biological sex affected expression of collagen α‐chain transcripts. Ten of the 26 human gingival collagen genes formed a unique pattern for gingival health. More specifically, the expression of fibrillary (types I and III), fibril‐associated collagens with interrupted triple‐helices (FACIT) and FACIT‐like (types XII, XIV, and XX), network‐forming (types IV and VI), transmembrane (type XVII), and multiplexin (types XV and XVIII) collagens, taken together, exhibited a distinct pattern of characteristics for gingival health that was independent of age or biological sex.ConclusionsAlthough specific α‐chains of the collagen transcriptome were affected by age and biological sex, the compilation of various collagen transcripts can be used to define gingival health that is independent of age and biological sex.
Mechanoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems for Vascular Diseases
Authors: Fumadó Navarro Josep , Lomora Mihai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMechanoresponsive drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as promising candidates to improve the current effectiveness and lower the side effects typically associated with direct drug administration in the context of vascular diseases. Despite tremendous research efforts to date, designing drug delivery systems able to respond to mechanical stimuli to potentially treat these diseases is still in its infancy. By understanding relevant biological forces emerging in healthy and pathological vascular endothelium, it is believed that better‐informed design strategies can be deduced for the fabrication of simple‐to‐complex macromolecular assemblies capable of sensing mechanical forces. These responsive systems are discussed through insights into essential parameter design (composition, size, shape, and aggregation state) , as well as their functionalization with (macro)molecules that are intrinsically mechanoresponsive (e.g., mechanosensitive ion channels and mechanophores). Mechanical forces, including the pathological shear stress and exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields), used for the activation of mechanoresponsive DDS are also introduced, followed by in vitro and in vivo experimental models used to investigate and validate such novel therapies. Overall, this review aims to propose a fresh perspective through identified challenges and proposed solutions that could be of benefit for the further development of this exciting field.
Whole‐genome sequencing revealed a novel long‐range deletion mutation spanning GNAS in familial pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Fei Yangfan , Liu Lv , Wu Lixia , Wang Ou , Xing Xiaoping , Li Aiping , Huang Lingyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a series of diseases related to pathological changes and neurocognitive and endocrine abnormalities, mainly due to the GNAS mutation on chromosome 20q13.2, which weakens receptor‐mediated hormone signal transduction. Considering its complex genetic and epigenetic characteristics, GNAS may produce complex clinical phenotypes in families or sporadic cases. This study presented a case of familial PHP caused by a deletion mutation in the 20q13.2 region.Methods and ResultsThe proband and her second daughter had PHP, and the proband's mother had pseudo‐PHP. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed that the proband had an 849.81 kb deletion spanning GNAS near the maternal 20q13.2 chromosome. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification methylation analysis indicated that the proband as well as her mother and second daughter had seemingly abnormal GNAS methylation. This is different from the phenotype (feeding difficulty, slow growth, and special facial features) of previously reported cases with the deletion of fragments near the 20q13.2 chromosome.ConclusionsThis report demonstrated the variability of 20q13.2 deletion phenotypes and the clinical importance of using multiple molecular genetic detection methods.
Hydralazine‐augmented contrast ultrasound imaging improves the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sultan Laith R. , Karmacharya Mrigendra B. , Al‐Hasani Maryam , Cary Theodore W. , Sehgal Chandra M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection with B‐mode and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CUS) imaging often varies between subjects, especially in patients with background cirrhosis. Various factors contribute to this variability, including the tumor blood flow, tumor size, internal echoes, and its location in livers with diffuse fibro‐cirrhotic changes.ObjectiveTowards improving lesion detection, this study evaluates a vasodilator, hydralazine, to enhance the visibility of HCC by reducing its blood flow relative to the surrounding liver tissue.MethodsHCC were analyzed for tumor visibility measured for B‐mode, CUS, and hydralazine‐augmented‐contrast ultrasound (HyCUS) in an autochthonous HCC rat model. 21 tumors from 12 rats were studied. B‐mode and CUS images were acquired before hydralazine injection. Rats received an intravenous hydralazine injection of 5 mg/kg, then images were acquired 20 min later. Four rats were used as controls. The difference in echo intensity of the lesion and the surrounding tissue was used to determine the visibility index (VI).ResultsThe visibility index for HCC was found to be significantly improved with the use of HyCUS imaging compared to traditional B‐mode and CUS imaging. The visibility index for HCC was 16.5 ± 2.8 for HyCUS, compared to 5.3 ± 4.8 for B‐mode and 4.1 ± 3.8 for CUS. The differences between HyCUS and the other imaging modalities were statistically significant, with p‐values of 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. Additionally, when compared to control cases, HyCUS showed higher discrimination of HCC (VI = 6.4 ± 1.2) with a p‐value of 0.003, while B‐mode (VI = 6.7 ± 1.4, p = 0.5) and CUS (VI = 6.4 ± 1.2, p = 0.3) showed lower discrimination.ConclusionVascular blood flow modulation by hydralazine enhances the visibility of HCC. HyCUS offers a potential problem‐solving method for detecting HCC when B‐mode and CUS are unsuccessful, especially with background fibro‐cirrhotic liver disease. Future evaluation of the approach in humans will determine its translatability for clinical applications.
Highly accelerated dynamic acquisition of 3D grid‐tagged hyperpolarized‐gas lung images using compressed sensing
Authors: Garrison William J. , Qing Kun , Tafti Sina , Mugler John P. , Shim Y. Michael , Mata Jaime F. , Cates Gordon D. , de Lange Eduard E. , Meyer Craig H. , Cai Jing , Miller G. Wilson 
Published: January 2023

PurposeTo develop and test compressed sensing–based multiframe 3D MRI of grid‐tagged hyperpolarized gas in the lung.Theory and MethodsApplying grid‐tagging RF pulses to inhaled hyperpolarized gas results in images in which signal intensity is predictably and sparsely distributed. In the present work, this phenomenon was used to produce a sampling pattern in which k‐space is undersampled by a factor of approximately seven, yet regions of high k‐space energy remain densely sampled.Three healthy subjects received multiframe 3D 3He tagging MRI using this undersampling method. Images were collected during a single exhalation at eight timepoints spanning the breathing cycle from end‐of‐inhalation to end‐of‐exhalation. Grid‐tagged images were used to generate 3D displacement maps of the lung during exhalation, and time‐resolved maps of principal strains and fractional volume change were generated from these displacement maps using finite‐element analysis.ResultsTags remained clearly resolvable for 4–6 timepoints (5–8 s) in each subject. Displacement maps revealed noteworthy temporal and spatial nonlinearities in lung motion during exhalation. Compressive normal strains occurred along all three principal directions but were primarily oriented in the head–foot direction. Fractional volume changes displayed clear bilateral symmetry, but with the lower lobes displaying slightly higher change than the upper lobes in 2 of the 3 subjects.ConclusionWe developed a compressed sensing–based method for multiframe 3D MRI of grid‐tagged hyperpolarized gas in the lung during exhalation. This method successfully overcomes previous challenges for 3D dynamic grid‐tagging, allowing time‐resolved biomechanical readouts of lung function to be generated.
A pharmacogenetic precision medicine approach to analgesia and sedation optimization in critically ill adults
Authors: Dzierba Amy L. , Stollings Joanna L. , Devlin John W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrecision medicine is a growing field in critical care. Research increasingly demonstrated pharmacogenomic variability to be an important determinant of analgesic and sedative drug response in the intensive care unit (ICU). Genome‐wide association and candidate gene finding studies suggest analgesic and sedatives tailored to an individual's genetic makeup, environmental adaptations, in addition to several other patient‐ and drug‐related factors, will maximize effectiveness and help mitigate harm. However, the number of pharmacogenetic studies in ICU patients remains small and no prospective studies have been published using pharmacogenomic data to optimize analgesic or sedative therapy in critically ill patients. Current recommendations for treating ICU pain and agitation are based on controlled studies having low external validity, including the failure to consider pharmacogenomic factors affecting response. Use of a precision medicine approach to individualize pharmacotherapy focused on optimizing ICU patient comfort and safety may improve the outcomes of critically ill adults. Additionally, benefits and risks of analgesic and/or sedative therapy in an individual may be informed with large, standardized datasets. The purpose of this review was to describe a precision medicine approach focused on optimizing analgesic and sedative therapy in individual ICU patients to optimize clinical outcomes and reduce safety concerns.
The utility of the Behavior Assessment System for Children‐2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in predicting mental disorders in the Project to Learn About Youth‐Mental Health
Authors: Danielson Melissa L. , Kassab Hannah D. , Lee Mary , Owens Julie S. , Evans Steven W. , Lipton Corey , Charania Sana , Young Hayley Elia , Kubicek Lorraine F. , Flory Kate , Cuffe Steven P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe examined the predictive utility of the Behavior Assessment System for Children‐2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BASC‐2‐BESS) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in identifying students with a mental disorder. Data were collected in a two‐stage study over 34 months with kindergarten‐12th grade (K–12) students (aged 5–19 years) in four US school districts. In Stage 1, teachers completed the BASC‐2‐BESS and the SDQ. In Stage 2, parents of 1054 children completed a structured diagnostic interview to determine presence of a mental disorder. Results suggest that teacher versions of the BASC‐2‐BESS and SDQ have modest utility in identifying children meeting criteria for a mental disorder based on parent report. Area under the curve (AUC) statistics representing prediction of any externalizing disorder (0.73 for both measures) were higher than the AUCs predicting any internalizing disorder (0.58 for both measures). Findings can inform the use of teacher report in mental health screening, specifically the selection of measures when implementing screening procedures.
Engineering the packing structure of thioether‐ and sulfone‐substituted dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes by pentafluorophenyl substitution
Authors: Hermann Mathias , Grenz David C. , Esser Birgit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDibenzo[a,e]pentalene derivatives as nonalternant conjugated hydrocarbons are attractive for use as ambipolar or n‐type semiconductors in field‐effect transistors. For organic semiconductors, not only the energy levels of the frontier molecular orbitals but also their solid‐state packing is crucial for good charge transport abilities. The introduction of fluorine atoms into organic semiconductors can lead to a closer packing in the solid state, enabled through F⋯F, F⋯H, and F⋯π‐interactions. We herein introduce pentafluorophenyl substituents into thioether‐ and sulfone‐DBPs and demonstrate how these substituents not only further lower their LUMO energies to values down to −3.6 eV for the thioethers and −4.1 eV for the sulfone but also lead to a denser packing in the solid state due to fluorine‐based interactions between the molecules.
Life satisfaction, body image and associated factors among women with breast cancer after mastectomy
Authors: Phoosuwan Nitikorn , Lundberg Pranee C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWomen having undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer have experiences which are very much individual and contextual. In order to understand the women and improve their quality of life, the aim of this study was to investigate life satisfaction, body image and associated factors among Swedish women with breast cancer after mastectomy.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study enrolled 481 Swedish women with breast cancer after mastectomy who completed a questionnaire comprising socio‐demographic characteristics, sources of information, and life satisfaction and body image (outcome variables). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate relationships between socio‐demographic characteristics, information support, sources of information, treatment variables, and outcome variables.ResultsAll dimensions of life satisfaction were associated with body image. Treatment options were factors associated with life satisfaction, while sources of information were a factor that increased life satisfaction in the dimensions of physical symptoms, sickness impact and quality of close‐friend relationship. Underlying disease, age 31–45 years, chemotherapy and breast reconstruction increased body image dissatisfaction.ConclusionThe finding that some socio‐demographic characteristics, treatment options and sources of information were associated with life dissatisfaction and body image dissatisfaction can increase healthcare professionals' understanding of women with breast cancer after treatment. They should provide accurate and realistic information, focus attention on the women's needs, and prepare psychological intervention programs that make the women cope with their life situations during follow‐up care.
Thiol‐Functionalized Palladium Nanoparticles Networks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Room Temperature (Toxic) Vapor Detection
Authors: Cerra Sara , Salamone Tommaso A. , Bearzotti Andrea , Hajareh Haghighi Farid , Mercurio Martina , Marsotto Martina , Battocchio Chiara , Fioravanti Raoul , Diociaiuti Marco , Fratoddi Ilaria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe preparation of three different functionalized palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) systems for room temperature BTX (benzene, toluene, p‐xylene) sensing detection and their morphostructural characterization is described. PdNPs are prepared through a two‐phase water/toluene wet chemical reduction method in the presence of bifunctional organic thiols as stabilizing agents suitable for the formation of covalently linked PdNPs networks: p‐terphenyl‐4,4″‐dithiol (PdNPs‐TR), biphenyl‐4,4′‐dithiol (PdNPs‐BP), or with 9,9‐didodecyl‐2,7‐bis(acetylthio)fluorene (PdNPs‐FL). Comparing the hydrodynamic diameter values, TR and BP ligands help to obtain networks consisting of spherical NPs of about 2 nm, in which each bifunctional ligand act as a bridge between PdNPs. In contrast, PdNPs‐FL show a population centered at <2RH> = 45 ± 5 nm. To perform preliminary gas sensing measurements, PdNPs networks are cast deposited on interdigitated electrodes to study their resistive response toward volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene (0–5%), toluene (0–1.7%), and p‐xylene (0–0.4%) (BTX) and common interfering gases (H2S, NH3, SO2, and relative humidity, RH). PdNPs‐FL show enhanced response to BTX with an appreciable response also toward H2S and RH. PdNPs‐TR exhibit a better ability to discriminate benzene gas with a negligible response after H2S exposure. Moreover, all the PdNPs systems show little to no response to NH3 and SO2 gases, offering an interesting perspective in practical sensing applications.
Airborne infections related to virus aerosol contamination at indoor cultural venues: Recommendations on how to minimize
Authors: Salthammer Tunga , Moriske Heinz‐Jörn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in many live events being canceled or held without spectator participation. As a result, a series of investigations were carried out and strategies developed to determine the requirements under which cultural activities can be maintained. This work summarizes published studies and provides recommendations for performing cultural events under pandemic conditions.MethodsThe available literature search was evaluated in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. The results were combined with findings, guidelines, and regulations for conducting courses in other indoor environments under pandemic conditions, for example, school classrooms. Recommendations were derived, the consideration of which can enable the continuation of cultural events.ResultsThe published studies can only take into account the previous conditions of the pandemic situation with the known virus mutations. However, the number of experimental investigations including analytical and medical proof of infections, surveys, and simulations is comparatively small. This is due to the complexity of the events as well as the priority and urgency of the school issue. Cultural events take place under very different conditions. It is therefore practically impossible to predict the risk of infection for a specific situation with many potential virus spreaders attending or to derive general rules that go beyond the known measures of vaccination, testing, masks, and distance.ConclusionCultural events can be held under pandemic conditions provided certain requirements are met. Most study results agree on this. Any recommendations on hygiene, safety, and ventilation measures in cultural facilities under pandemic conditions can reduce the risk of infection but cannot completely eliminate it. It is also of considerable importance that visitors protect themselves individually and act responsibly.