bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT-based Radiogenomics Framework for COVID-19 Using ACE2 Imaging Representations
Authors: Xia Tian , Fu Xiaohang , Fulham Michael , Wang Yue , Feng Dagan , Kim Jinman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 which enters the body via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and altering its gene expression. Altered ACE2 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Gene expression profiling, however, is invasive and costly, and is not routinely performed. In contrast, medical imaging such as computed tomography (CT) captures imaging features that depict abnormalities, and it is widely available. Computerized quantification of image features has enabled ‘radiogenomics’, a research discipline that identifies image features that are associated with molecular characteristics. Radiogenomics between ACE2 and COVID-19 has yet to be done primarily due to the lack of ACE2 expression data among COVID-19 patients. Similar to COVID-19, patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibit altered ACE2 expression and, LUAD data are abundant. We present a radiogenomics framework to derive image features (ACE2-RGF) associated with ACE2 expression data from LUAD. The ACE2-RGF was then used as a surrogate biomarker for ACE2 expression. We adopted conventional feature selection techniques including ElasticNet and LASSO. Our results show that: i) the ACE2-RGF encoded a distinct collection of image features when compared to conventional techniques, ii) the ACE2-RGF can classify COVID-19 from normal subjects with a comparable performance to conventional feature selection techniques with an AUC of 0.92, iii) ACE2-RGF can effectively identify patients with critical illness with an AUC of 0.85. These findings provide unique insights for automated COVID-19 analysis and future research.
Trends in Distance Between Non-resident Parents and Minor Children Following Separation: Analysis of the Belgian Case, 1992–2018
Authors: Zilincikova Zuzana , Schnor Christine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGeographic distance between a child and their non-resident parent is a key aspect of the reorganization of the family following parental separation. The increasingly equal involvement of both parents in the upbringing of their children is expected to translate into increasing geographic proximity between children and non-resident parents. So far, there has been no evidence about the time trends in geographical distances between minor children and non-resident parents outside of the Swedish context. In this study, we investigate these trends across Belgian separation cohorts from 1992 to 2018 and the extent to which they differ according to parental socioeconomic status and child’s age at separation. Overall, we observed a very small decrease in distance between children and their non-resident fathers and a somewhat larger decrease for non-resident mothers. The distance increased for very young children (0–2 years) and children with low-educated fathers. These findings point to inequalities in certain parent–child dyads.
The Relationship Between Schizotypal Traits and Affect-driven Volition in Healthy Adults
Authors: Lam Joyce Yuen Ting , Ng Marcus Hoi Fung , Välimäki Maritta , Yee Benjamin K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAvolition in schizophrenia has been attributed to an underlying decoupling between affect and volitional action. It may be demonstrated behaviourally in the Anticipatory Consummatory Pleasure (ACP) task, whereby subjects may adjust the viewing (in time or future probability) of images with positive or negative affective content. Correspondence between response vigour and perceived affective intensity of the images was typically poorer in people with schizophrenia than healthy controls. Here, we investigated if ACP performance would be similarly modulated by schizotypal traits in the non-clinical population. Schizotypal traits were assessed in healthy adult volunteers using Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief before evaluation of ACP performance. Association between the three schizotypal traits and affect-volition coupling was examined by correlative analysis followed by comparison between dichotomized clusters. Affect-volition coupling appeared to correlate positively with increasing schizotypal traits, especially in the interpersonal and disorganization dimensions. Direct comparison between the two clusters of subjects demarcated with respect to all three schizotypy dimensions showed that actions motivated by future affective outcomes was selectively potentiated, as opposed to in-the-moment outcomes, in the higher schizotypy cluster. The positive modulation of affect-volition coupling by schizotypal traits seen here was unexpected given the robust decoupling reported in people with schizophrenia. Our data also contradicted with previous ACP studies reporting either an opposite or null relationship between schizotypy and affect-volition coupling. We speculate that the relationship across a more extended continuum of schizotypal traits may follow an inverted U-shape, thus either ends of the continuum is associated with suboptimal ACP performance.
A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) approach for assessing the quality of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste for physical recycling: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Šudomová Lucie , Doležalová Weissmannová Helena , Steinmetz Zacharias , Řezáčová Veronika , Kučerík Jiří 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhysical recycling of plastics is among the most important approaches of circular economy. The efficiency of the recycling is influenced by many factors including the number of recycling cycles, composition of plastics, chemical modifications, additives and others. Currently, however, there are no methods enabling to distinguish the quality of plastics for recycling. In this work, we address this issue and suggest a new method based on the correlation of solely thermophysical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) during repeated heating and cooling. The combination of results of differential scanning calorimetry and advanced statistical methods enabled to separate 76 PET samples into six groups according to their origin, chemical modification, degradation and suitability for recycling. The discriminant analysis enabled to suggest a model which uses for the discrimination a combination of temperatures and enthalpies of melting and crystallization. The approach illustrates that thermophysical properties, which can be obtained using a single DSC experiment, can be used to distinguish the polymers of various origin and quality.
Can we have it all? The role of grassland conservation in supporting forage production and plant diversity
Authors: Kachler Jana , Benra Felipe , Bolliger Ralph , Isaac Roman , Bonn Aletta , Felipe-Lucia María R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Context
A key global challenge is to meet both the growing demand for food and feed while maintaining biodiversity’s supporting functions. Protected grasslands, such as Natura 2000 sites in Europe, may play an important role in harmonising productivity and biodiversity goals. This work contributes to an understanding of the relationship between forage production and plant diversity in protected and non-protected grasslands.

Objectives
We aimed to identify differences in plant diversity and forage production between protected and non-protected grasslands by assessing the effects of land-use intensity (i.e. mowing, grazing, fertilising) on these variables.

Methods
Data were available for 95 managed grassland plots (50 × 50 m) in real-managed landscapes. After controlling for site conditions in the analysis, we tested for significant differences between protected and non-protected grasslands and used a multi-group structural equation modelling (SEM) framework to investigate the linkages between land-use intensity, biomass and plant diversity.

Results
In protected grasslands, plant diversity was significantly higher while forage production was significantly lower. In non-protected grasslands we found significantly higher land-use intensity, particularly in relation to mowing and fertilisation. Grazing intensity did not significantly differ between protected and non-protected grasslands. In non-protected grasslands we found a significant negative association between forage production and plant diversity. However, this effect was not significant in protected grasslands. We also found a negative association between land-use and plant diversity in both grassland types that was related to mowing and fertilising intensity. These two management aspects also influenced the positive association between land-use intensity and forage production. Furthermore, environmental conditions had a positive effect on forage production and a negative effect on plant diversity in protected grasslands.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that the protection of grassland sites is successful in achieving higher plant diversity compared to non-protected grasslands and that protected grasslands do not necessarily trade-off with forage production. This is possible under moderate grazing intensities as higher land-use intensity has a negative effect on plant diversity, particularly on rare species. However, forage production is lower in protected sites as it is driven by mowing and fertilisation intensity. Future research needs to further investigate if the nature of these relationships depends on the livestock type or other management practices.
The Disclosure of Bad News Over the Phone vs. in Person and its Association with Psychological Distress: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mueller Jonas , Beck Katharina , Loretz Nina , Becker Christoph , Gross Sebastian , Blatter René , Urben Tabita , Amacher Simon A , Schaefert Rainer , Hunziker Sabina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Communicating bad news such as a new cancer diagnosis to patients may have a major impact on their well-being. We investigated differences in patients’ psychological distress due to the disclosure of bad news by telephone compared to in person in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We included all studies that investigated anxiety, depressive or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in adult patients in whom bad news by telephone compared to in person were disclosed. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL from the inception of each database to October 18, 2022. We included randomized and non-randomized trials.

Results
We screened 5944 studies and included 11 studies in the qualitative analysis and 9 in the meta-analyses, including four randomized controlled trials. Overall, the quality of studies was moderate to good. There was no difference regarding psychological distress when bad news was disclosed by telephone compared to in person with similar symptom levels of anxiety (3 studies, 285 participants; standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.10 [95% CI -0.15 to 0.35]), depression (3 studies, 284 participants; SMD 0.10 [95% CI -0.30 to 0.49]), and PTSD (2 studies, 171 participants; SMD -0.01 [95% CI -0.48 to 0.36]). Results were similar for satisfaction with care.

Discussion
This meta-analysis found no difference regarding psychological distress regardless if bad news were disclosed by telephone or in person, but there were overall only few and heterogeneous studies with a small number of eligible patients. The findings suggest that the modality of disclosure might play a secondary role and the way in which the bad news are communicated might be more important.
Identification of Immune-Linked Hub Genes and Diagnostic Model Construction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Lian Kun , Shen Zonglin , Yang Runxu , Ye Jing , Shang Binli , Dong Lei , Li Hongfang , Wu Jiabing , Cheng Yuqi , Xu Xiufeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a prevalent, severe, and persistent mental disorder with an unknown etiology. Growing evidence indicates that immunological dysfunction is vital in the development of SCZ. Our study aims to uncover potential immune-linked hub genes and immune infiltration characteristics of SCZ, as well as to develop a diagnostic model based on immune-linked central genes. GSE38484 and GSE54913 chip expression data for patients with SCZ and healthy controls were retrieved. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify major module genes and critical immune-linked genes. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to elucidate the involvement of key genes in the immunological response to SCZ, along with the examination of their protein interactions. Moreover, 202 peripheral blood samples were examined using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method to detect distinct immune cell types. Hub immune-linked genes in SCZ were identified using the minimal absolute contraction and selection operator analysis. Receptor profiles of central immune-linked genes were analyzed to distinguish the two groups. Finally, the association between immune-linked hub genes and various types of immune cells was assessed. Our findings revealed ten immune cell types and nine key genes involved in SCZ, including effector memory CD4+ T cells, activated CD8+ T cells, mast cells, naive CD8+ T cells, PBMC, type 17 helper cells (Th17), central memory CD8+ T cells, CD56 bright NK cells, memory B cells, and regulatory T cells. Diagnostic models constructed using LASSO regression exhibited an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.866. Our results indicate immunological dysfunction as a factor in the development of SCZ. ASGR2, ADRM1, AHANK, S100A8, FUCA1, AKNA, GATA3, AHCYL2, and PTRH2 are the key regulatory genes of immune cells, highlighting their potential as novel therapeutic targets for SCZ.
A weak version of the Mond conjecture
Authors: Giménez Conejero R. , Nuño-Ballesteros J. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove that a map germ $$f:(\mathbb {C}^n,S)\rightarrow (\mathbb {C}^{n+1},0)$$

f
:

(

C

n

,
S
)

→

(

C

n
+
1

,
0
)

with isolated instability is stable if and only if $$\mu _I(f)=0$$

μ
I

(
f
)

=
0

, where $$\mu _I(f)$$

μ
I

(
f
)

is the image Milnor number defined by Mond. In a previous paper we proved this result with the additional assumption that f has corank one. The proof here is also valid for corank $$\ge 2$$

≥
2

, provided that $$(n,n+1)$$

(
n
,
n
+
1
)

are nice dimensions in Mather’s sense (so $$\mu _I(f)$$

μ
I

(
f
)

is well defined). Our result can be seen as a weak version of a conjecture by Mond, which says that the $$\mathscr {A}_e$$

A
e

-codimension of f is $$\le \mu _I(f)$$

≤

μ
I

(
f
)

, with equality if f is weighted homogeneous. As an application, we deduce that the bifurcation set of a versal unfolding of f is a hypersurface.
Py-Feat: Python Facial Expression Analysis Toolbox
Authors: Cheong Jin Hyun , Jolly Eshin , Xie Tiankang , Byrne Sophie , Kenney Matthew , Chang Luke J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudying facial expressions is a notoriously difficult endeavor. Recent advances in the field of affective computing have yielded impressive progress in automatically detecting facial expressions from pictures and videos. However, much of this work has yet to be widely disseminated in social science domains such as psychology. Current state-of-the-art models require considerable domain expertise that is not traditionally incorporated into social science training programs. Furthermore, there is a notable absence of user-friendly and open-source software that provides a comprehensive set of tools and functions that support facial expression research. In this paper, we introduce Py-Feat, an open-source Python toolbox that provides support for detecting, preprocessing, analyzing, and visualizing facial expression data. Py-Feat makes it easy for domain experts to disseminate and benchmark computer vision models and also for end users to quickly process, analyze, and visualize face expression data. We hope this platform will facilitate increased use of facial expression data in human behavior research.
Generals and judges: command, constitution and the fate of Carthage
Authors: Taylor Michael J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the structure and priorities of the Carthaginian state in its imperial endeavours in both North Africa and across the Mediterranean, focusing especially on the well-documented period of the Punic Wars (264–146 BC.). It suggests that Carthaginian constitutional structures, in particular the split between civil shofetim (‘judges’) and military rabbim (‘generals’), impacted the strategic outlook and marginal bellicosity of the city, making it less competitive against its primary peer-rival in the Western Mediterranean, Rome.
Every Salem number is a difference of two Pisot numbers
Authors: Dubickas Artūras 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this note, we prove that every Salem number is expressible as a difference of two Pisot numbers. More precisely, we show that for each Salem number α of degree d, there are infinitely many positive integers n for which $\alpha^{2n-1}-\alpha^n+\alpha$ and $\alpha^{2n-1}-\alpha^n$ are both Pisot numbers of degree d and that the smallest such n is at most $6^{d/2-1}+1$. We also prove that every real positive algebraic number can be expressed as a quotient of two Pisot numbers. Earlier, Salem himself had proved that every Salem number can be written in this way.
The development and preliminary evaluation of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Chronic Loneliness in Young People
Authors: Cawthorne Tom , Käll Anton , Bennett Sophie , Baker Elena , Andersson Gerhard , Shafran Roz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground:Approximately 10% of young people ‘often’ feel lonely, with loneliness being predictive of multiple physical and mental health problems. Research has found CBT to be effective for reducing loneliness in adults, but interventions for young people who report loneliness as their primary difficulty are lacking.Method:CBT for Chronic Loneliness in Young People was developed as a modular intervention. This was evaluated in a single-case experimental design (SCED) with seven participants aged 11–18 years. The primary outcome was self-reported loneliness on the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. Secondary outcomes were self-reported loneliness on the UCLA-LS-3, and self- and parent-reported RCADS and SDQ impact scores. Feasibility and participant satisfaction were also assessed.Results:At post-intervention, there was a 66.41% reduction in loneliness, with all seven participants reporting a significant reduction on the primary outcome measure (p < .001). There was also a reduction on the UCLA-LS-3 of a large effect (d = 1.53). Reductions of a large effect size were also found for parent-reported total RCADS (d = 2.19) and SDQ impact scores (d = 2.15) and self-reported total RCADS scores (d = 1.81), with a small reduction in self-reported SDQ impact scores (d = 0.41). Participants reported high levels of satisfaction, with the protocol being feasible and acceptable.Conclusions:We conclude that CBT for Chronic Loneliness in Young People may be an effective intervention for reducing loneliness and co-occurring mental health difficulties in young people. The intervention should now be evaluated further through a randomised controlled trial (RCT).
Interactive Model Expansion in an Observable Environment
Authors: CARBONNELLE PIERRE , VENNEKENS JOOST , DENECKER MARC , BOGAERTS BART 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany practical problems can be understood as the search for a state of affairs that extends a fixed partial state of affairs, the environment, while satisfying certain conditions that are formally specified. Such problems are found in, for example, engineering, law or economics. We study this class of problems in a context where some of the relevant information about the environment is not known by the user at the start of the search. During the search, the user may consider tentative solutions that make implicit hypotheses about these unknowns. To ensure that the solution is appropriate, these hypotheses must be verified by observing the environment. Furthermore, we assume that, in addition to knowledge of what constitutes a solution, knowledge of general laws of the environment is also present. We formally define partial solutions with enough verified facts to guarantee the existence of complete and appropriate solutions. Additionally, we propose an interactive system to assist the user in their search by determining (1) which hypotheses implicit in a tentative solution must be verified in the environment, and (2) which observations can bring useful information for the search. We present an efficient method to over-approximate the set of relevant information, and evaluate our implementation.
From Desiccation to Re‐Integration of the Yellow River Since the Last Glaciation
Authors: Zhao Yuqi , Fan Niannian , Nie Junsheng , Abell Jordan T. , An Yu , Jin Zhangdong , Wang Chengshan , Zhang Jiafu , Liu Xingnian , Nie Ruihua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe desiccation (extreme drying) of rivers has important implications for the broader Earth System. However, the desiccation history and its linkage to climate are rarely known for numerous major river systems, primarily due to difficulties in recognizing desiccation events from available stratigraphic records. Here, using a combination of geochemical techniques (major and rare‐earth element geochemistry, detrital zircon geochronology, and optically stimulated luminescence dating), we demonstrate that the Yellow River, which maintains the highest sediment load on Earth, became desiccated during the Last Glacial Maximum at approximately 20 thousand years ago. This finding implies that transportation of sediments and dissolved constituents to the oceans via the Yellow River may have decreased substantially or ceased during glacials, which would have ramifications for ocean chemistry and biology. Furthermore, our work highlights the importance of desiccated riverbed sediments as potential dust sources during glacial periods, a finding that is different from what is observed today.
March Near‐Surface Wind Speed Hiatus Over China Since 2011
Authors: Shen Cheng , Yuan Huishuang , Li Zhibo , Yang Xiaoye , Minola Lorenzo , Chang Youli , Chen Deliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevious research has extensively explored the “stilling” and “reversal” phenomena in annual near‐surface wind speed (NSWS). However, the variations in the strengths of these phenomena between different months remain unclear. Here the monthly changes in observed NSWS from 769 stations across China during 1979–2020 were analyzed. The analysis reveals a consistent decline in NSWS that ceased around 2011, followed by an increasing trend detected in all months except March, where a distinct hiatus is observed. The hiatus in March NSWS is primarily attributed to a significant reduction in NSWS over North and Northwest China. This reduction can be linked to the southward shift of the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ), which resulted in a decreased meridional temperature gradient and weakened transient eddy activities across northern China. These findings emphasize the importance of considering changes in the EASJ to gain a comprehensive understanding of NSWS changes at regional scale.