bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbance intensification is altering the trait composition of Caribbean reefs, locking them into a low functioning state
Authors: Mudge Laura , Bruno John F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is intensifying natural disturbance regimes, which negatively affects some species, while benefiting others. This could alter the trait composition of ecological communities and influence resilience to disturbance. We investigated how the frequency and intensification of the regional storm regime (and likely other disturbances) is altering coral species composition and in turn resistance and recovery. We developed regional databases of coral cover and composition (3144 reef locations from 1970 to 2017) and of the path and strength of cyclonic storms in the region (including 10,058 unique storm-reef intersections). We found that total living coral cover declined steadily through 2017 (the median annual loss rate was ~ 0.25% per year). Our results also indicate that despite the observed increase in the intensity of Atlantic cyclonic storms, their effect on coral cover has decreased markedly. This could be due in part to selection for disturbance-resistant taxa in response to the intensifying disturbance regime. We found that storms accelerated the loss of threatened acroporid corals but had no measurable effect on the cover of more resilient “weedy” corals, thereby increasing their relative cover. Although resistance to disturbance has increased, recovery rates have slowed due to the dominance of small, slow-growing species. This feedback loop is locking coral communities into a low-functioning state dominated by weedy species with limited ecological or societal value.
Bioinspired palladium-doped manganese oxide nanocorns: a remarkable antimicrobial agent targeting phyto/animal pathogens
Authors: Vikal Sagar , Gautam Yogendra K. , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Ajay , Singh Jyoti , Pratap Dharmendra , Singh Beer Pal , Singh Neetu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicrobial pathogens are known for causing great environmental stress, owing to which emerging challenges like lack of eco-friendly remediation measures, development of drug-resistant and mutational microbial strains, etc., warrants novel and green routes as a stepping stone to serve such concerns sustainably. In the present study, palladium (Pd) doped manganese (II, III) oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using an aqueousSyzygium aromaticumbud (ASAB) extract. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ASAB extract indicates the presence of polyphenolics such as phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids that can act as potential capping agents in NPs synthesis, which was later confirmed in FTIR analysis of pure and Pd-doped Mn3O4NPs. XRD, Raman, and XPS analyses confirmed the Pd doping in Mn3O4NPs. FESEM and HRTEM study reveals the mixed morphologies dominated by nanocorns appearance. Zeta potential investigation reveals high stability of the synthesized NPs in colloidal solutions. The developed Pd-doped Mn3O4NPs were tested against two fungal phytopathogens, i.e.,Sclerotinia sclerotiorumandColletotrichum gloeosporioides, known for causing great economic losses in yield and quality of different plant species. The antifungal activity of synthesized Pd‐doped Mn3O4NPs displayed a dose‐dependent response with a maximum of ~92%, and ~72% inhibition was recorded againstS. sclerotiorumandC. gloeosporioides, respectively, at 1000 ppm concentration. However,C. gloeosporioidesdemonstrated higher sensitivity to Pd‐doped Mn3O4NPs upto 500 ppm) treatment thanS. sclerotiorum. The prepared NPs also showed significant antibacterial activity againstEnterococcus faecalis. The Pd-doped Mn3O4NPs were effective even at low treatment doses, i.e., 50–100 ppm, with the highest Zone of inhibition obtained at 1000 ppm concentration. Our findings provide a novel, eco-benign, and cost-effective approach for formulating a nanomaterial composition offering multifaceted utilities as an effective antimicrobial agent.
Indoxyl sulfate induces apoptosis in mononuclear blood cells via mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Pieniazek Anna , Bernasinska-Slomczewska Joanna , Hikisz Pawel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe consequence of chronic kidney disease is the accumulation of metabolic products called uremic toxins in the body. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a toxin with a high affinity for proteins. This study focuses on the deleterious effect of IS, especially apoptosis induction, in mononuclear blood cells (MNCs). Thus, in MNCs treated with IS at three different concentrations for 24 h, the survival, mitochondrial potential, caspases activity and expression, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression, DNA damage, and PARP degradation were estimated. The study showed a decrease in survival and mitochondrial potential of MNCs treated with IS compared to the control. IS increased the activity of caspase 2-, 3-, 9-, and the expression of caspase 3-, and 9- in MNCs but does not affect the activity of caspase 6- and 8. The treatment of MNCs with IS also increased DNA damage and degradation of PARP. Indoxyl sulfate significantly influences the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. Indoxyl sulfate induces the programmed death of MNCs through the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The observed cellular changes are mostly dose-dependent.
New mutation in the β1 propeller domain of LRP4 responsible for congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with Cenani–Lenz syndrome
Authors: Masingue Marion , Cattaneo Olivia , Wolff Nicolas , Buon Céline , Sternberg Damien , Euchparmakian Morgane , Boex Myriam , Behin Anthony , Mamchaouhi Kamel , Maisonobe Thierry , Nougues Marie-Christine , Isapof Arnaud , Fontaine Bertrand , Messéant Julien , Eymard Bruno , Strochlic Laure , Bauché Stéphanie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCongenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare diseases due to mutations in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) protein-coding genes. Until now, many mutations encoding postsynaptic proteins as Agrin, MuSK and LRP4 have been identified as responsible for increasingly complex CMS phenotypes. The majority of mutations identified in LRP4 gene causes bone diseases including CLS and sclerosteosis-2 and rare cases of CMS with mutations in LRP4 gene has been described so far. In the French cohort of CMS patients, we identified a novel LRP4 homozygous missense mutation (c.1820A > G; p.Thy607Cys) within the β1 propeller domain in a patient presenting CMS symptoms, including muscle weakness, fluctuating fatigability and a decrement in compound muscle action potential in spinal accessory nerves, associated with congenital agenesis of the hands and feet and renal malformation. Mechanistic expression studies show a significant decrease of AChR aggregation in cultured patient myotubes, as well as altered in vitro binding of agrin and Wnt11 ligands to the mutated β1 propeller domain of LRP4 explaining the dual phenotype characterized clinically and electoneuromyographically in the patient. These results expand the LRP4 mutations spectrum associated with a previously undescribed clinical association involving impaired neuromuscular transmission and limb deformities and highlighting the critical role of a yet poorly described domain of LRP4 at the NMJ. This study raises the question of the frequency of this rare neuromuscular form and the future diagnosis and management of these cases.
Investigating the electrical crosstalk effect between pixels in high-resolution organic light-emitting diode microdisplays
Authors: Kang Haneul , Hwang Yeonsu , Kang Chan-mo , Kim Joo Yeon , Joo Chul Woong , Shin Jin-Wook , Sim Soobin , Cho Hyunsu , Ahn Dae Hyun , Cho Nam Sung , Youn Hyoc Min , An Young Jae , Kim Jin Sun , Byun Chun-Won , Lee Hyunkoo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays have received great attention owing to their excellent performance for augmented reality/virtual reality devices applications. However, high pixel density of OLED microdisplay causes electrical crosstalk, resulting in color distortion. This study investigated the current crosstalk ratio and changes in the color gamut caused by electrical crosstalk between sub-pixels in high-resolution full-color OLED microdisplays. A pixel structure of 3147 pixels per inch (PPI) with four sub-pixels and a single-stack white OLED with red, green, and blue color filters were used for the electrical crosstalk simulation. The results showed that the sheet resistance of the top and bottom electrodes of OLEDs rarely affected the electrical crosstalk. However, the current crosstalk ratio increased dramatically and the color gamut decreased as the sheet resistance of the common organic layer decreased. Furthermore, the color gamut of the OLED microdisplay decreased as the pixel density of the panel increased from 200 to 5000 PPI. Additionally, we fabricated a sub-pixel circuit to measure the electrical crosstalk current using a 3147 PPI scale multi-finger-type pixel structure and compared it with the simulation result.
Automatic snoring detection using a hybrid 1D–2D convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Ruixue , Li Wenjun , Yue Keqiang , Zhang Rulin , Li Yilin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSnoring, as a prevalent symptom, seriously interferes with life quality of patients with sleep disordered breathing only (simple snorers), patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and their bed partners. Researches have shown that snoring could be used for screening and diagnosis of OSA. Therefore, accurate detection of snoring sounds from sleep respiratory audio at night has been one of the most important parts. Considered that the snoring is somewhat dangerously overlooked around the world, an automatic and high-precision snoring detection algorithm is required. In this work, we designed a non-contact data acquire equipment to record nocturnal sleep respiratory audio of subjects in their private bedrooms, and proposed a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) model for the automatic snore detection. This model consists of a one-dimensional (1D) CNN processing the original signal and a two-dimensional (2D) CNN representing images mapped by the visibility graph method. In our experiment, our algorithm achieves an average classification accuracy of 89.3%, an average sensitivity of 89.7%, an average specificity of 88.5%, and an average AUC of 0.947, which surpasses some state-of-the-art models trained on our data. In conclusion, our results indicate that the proposed method in this study could be effective and significance for massive screening of OSA patients in daily life. And our work provides an alternative framework for time series analysis.
A kind of planar waveguides for cheating the high-speed digital signals into misidentifying the characteristic impedance
Authors: Wu Chia Ho , Qian Zhenyu , Wang Wei , Peng Song Tsuen , Liu Chengyang , Shen Jianqi , Ni Donghua , Ye Guoqiang , He Fang , Wang Xiaolong , Shen Linfang , Li Qichao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince a planar periodic transmission line can suppress drastically the electromagnetic coupling, it would be advantageous to use such a kind of transmission lines in solving the problem of miniaturization of circuit area. By adjusting the lattice constants and geometric parameters of periodic microstrip lines, a time domain characteristic impedance that is the same as that of conventional microstrip lines (CMLs) can be achieved. Such periodic microstrip lines can therefore be used to trick high-speed digital signals, causing a digital signal to misjudge the time domain characteristic impedance of the transmission lines. The theoretical analysis has been verified by our experimental measurement results. Besides, a specific expression for the characteristic impedance of lossless periodic artificial materials is deduced by a circuit model and a standard of misidentification for the characteristic impedance of periodic microstrip lines is given for the digital signals.
Marine heatwave as a supercharger for the strongest typhoon in the East China Sea
Authors: Pun Iam-Fei , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Moon Il-Ju , Lin I-I , Jeong Jin-Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the cold water temperatures, the East China Sea (ECS) is usually unfavorable for typhoon development. Recently, in a rare event, Typhoon Bavi (2020) reached major typhoon status and became the strongest typhoon in the ECS in the past decade. Based on in situ observations and model simulations, we discover that this typhoon is fueled by a marine heatwave, which creates a very warm ocean condition with sea surface temperature (SST) exceeding 30 °C. Also, because of suppressed typhoon-induced SST cooling caused by the shallow water depth (41 m) and strong salinity stratification (river runoff) within the ECS, the SST beneath the typhoon remains relatively high and enhances the total heat flux for the typhoon. More interestingly, due to the fair weather ahead of the typhoon, we find that the rapid development of this marine heatwave is likely, in part, attributed to the typhoon itself. As the risks from typhoons and marine heatwaves are heightening under climate change, this study provides important insights into the interaction between typhoons and marine heatwaves.
Spatial transcriptome atlas reveals pulmonary microstructure-specific COVID-19 gene signatures in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Oh Taehwan , Kim Green , Baek Seung Ho , Woo YoungMin , Koo Bon-Sang , Hwang Eun-Ha , Shim Kyuyoung , An You Jung , Kim Yujin , Won Jinyoung , Lee Youngjeon , Lim Kyung Seob , Park Jae-Hak , Hong Jung Joo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCharacterizing the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the molecular level is necessary to understand viral pathogenesis and identify clinically relevant biomarkers. However, in humans, the pulmonary host response during disease onset remains poorly understood. Herein, we utilized a spatial transcriptome atlas to identify pulmonary microstructure-specific COVID-19 gene signatures during the acute phase of lung infection in cynomolgus macaques. The innate immune response to virus-induced cell death was primarily active in the alveolar regions involving activated macrophage infiltration. Inflamed vascular regions exhibited prominent upregulation of interferon and complement pathway genes that mediate antiviral activity and tissue damage response. Furthermore, known biomarker genes were significantly expressed in specific microstructures, and some of them were universally expressed across all microstructures. These findings underscore the importance of identifying key drivers of disease progression and clinically applicable biomarkers by focusing on pulmonary microstructures appearing during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Magnetically threaded accretion disks in resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations and asymptotic expansion
Authors: Čemeljić M. , Kluźniak W. , Parthasarathy V. 
Published: August 2023

Aims. A realistic model of magnetic linkage between a central object and its accretion disk is a prerequisite for understanding the spin history of stars and stellar remnants. To this end, we aim to provide an analytic model in agreement with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations.
Methods. For the first time, we wrote a full set of stationary asymptotic expansion equations of a thin magnetic accretion disk, including the induction and energy equations. We also performed a resistive MHD simulation of an accretion disk around a star endowed with a magnetic dipole, using the publicly available code PLUTO. We compared the analytical results with the numerical solutions, and discussed the results in the context of previous solutions of the induction equation describing the star-disk magnetospheric interaction.
Results. We found that the magnetic field threading the disk is suppressed by orders of magnitude inside thin disks, so the presence of the stellar magnetic field does not strongly affect the velocity field, nor the density profile inside the disk. Density and velocity fields found in the MHD simulations match the radial and vertical profiles of the analytic solution. Qualitatively, the MHD simulations result in an internal magnetic field similar to the solutions previously obtained by solving the induction equation in the disk alone. However, the magnetic field configuration is quantitatively affected by magnetic field inflation outside the disk; this is reflected in the net torque. The torque on the star is an order of magnitude larger in the magnetic than in the non-magnetic case. Spin-up of the star occurs on a timescale comparable to the accretion timescale in the MHD case, and is an order of magnitude slower in the absence of a stellar magnetic field.
Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE)
Authors: Carrión-González Óscar , Kammerer Jens , Angerhausen Daniel , Dannert Felix , García Muñoz Antonio , Quanz Sascha P. , Absil Olivier , Beichman Charles A. , Girard Julien H. , Mennesson Bertrand , Meyer Michael R. , Stapelfeldt Karl R. ,   The LIFE Collaboration
Published: August 2023

Context. The next generation of space-based observatories will characterize the atmospheres of low-mass, temperate exoplanets with the direct-imaging technique. This will be a major step forward in our understanding of exoplanet diversity and the prevalence of potentially habitable conditions beyond the Earth.
Aims. We compute a list of currently known exoplanets detectable with the mid-infrared Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) in thermal emission. We also compute the list of known exoplanets accessible to a notional design of the future Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), observing in reflected starlight.
Methods. With a pre-existing statistical methodology, we processed the NASA Exoplanet Archive and computed orbital realizations for each known exoplanet. We derived their mass, radius, equilibrium temperature, and planet-star angular separation. We used the LIFEsim simulator to compute the integration time (tint) required to detect each planet with LIFE. A planet is considered detectable if a broadband signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 7 is achieved over the spectral range 4–18.5 µm in tint < 100 h. We tested whether the planet is accessible to HWO in reflected starlight based on its notional inner and outer working angles, and minimum planet-to-star contrast.
Results. LIFE's reference configuration (four 2-m telescopes with 5% throughput and a nulling baseline between 10–100 m) can detect 212 known exoplanets within 20 pc. Of these, 49 are also accessible to HWO in reflected starlight, offering a unique opportunity for synergies in atmospheric characterization. LIFE can also detect 32 known transiting exoplanets. Furthermore, we find 38 LIFE-detectable planets orbiting in the habitable zone, of which 13 have Mp < 5M⊕ and eight have 5M⊕ < Mp < 10M⊕.
Conclusions. LIFE already has enough targets to perform ground-breaking analyses of low-mass, habitable-zone exoplanets, a fraction of which will also be accessible to other instruments.
Metrewave Galactic Plane with the uGMRT (MeGaPluG) Survey: Lessons from the pilot study
Authors: Dokara Rohit , Roy Nirupam , Menten Karl , Vig Sarita , Dutta Prasun , Beuther Henrik , Pandian Jagadheep D. , Rugel Michael , Rashid Md , Brunthaler Andreas 
Published: August 2023

Context. The advent of wide-band receiver systems on interferometer arrays has enabled the undertaking of high-sensitivity and highresolution radio continuum surveys of the Galactic plane in a reasonable amount of telescope time. Yet, to date, there have been only a few such studies of the first quadrant of the Milky Way carried out at frequencies below 1 GHz. The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) has recently upgraded its receivers with wide-band capabilities (now called the uGMRT), offering a prime opportunity to conduct high resolution surveys, while also demonstrating sensitivity to the extended structures.
Aims. We wish to assess the feasibility of conducting a large-scale snapshot survey, the Metrewave Galactic Plane with the uGMRT Survey (MeGaPluG), to simultaneously map extended sources and compact objects at an angular resolution lower than 10″ and a point source sensitivity of 0.15 mJy beam−1.
Methods. We performed an unbiased survey of a small portion of the Galactic plane, covering the W43/W44 regions (l = 29° – 35° and |b| < 1°) in two frequency bands: 300–500 MHz and 550–750 MHz. The 200 MHz wide-band receivers on the uGMRT were employed to observe the target field in several pointings, spending nearly 14 min on each pointing in two separate scans. We developed an automated pipeline for the calibration and a semi-automated self-calibration procedure was used to image each pointing using multi-scale CLEAN and outlier fields.
Results. We produced continuum mosaics of the surveyed region at a final common resolution of 25″ in the two bands that have central frequencies of 400 MHz and 650 MHz, with a point source sensitivity better than 5 mJy beam−1. A spectral index map was also obtained, which is helpful to distinguish between thermal and nonthermal emission. By cross-matching with other surveys, we validated the positions and flux densities obtained from our data. We plan to cover a larger footprint of the Galactic plane in the near future based on the lessons drawn from this study.
Comparison of the Response Time of Various Sensors for Continuous Monitoring of Blood Gases, pH and O2 Saturation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Riley Jeffrey B. , Fletcher Robert W. , Jenusaitis Matthew , Fink Stan , Hoerr Harry R. , Bell Carl , Crowley Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2023

The rise times and decay times of the currently available, continuous blood gas and pH monitors' sensors were evaluated at 37°C and 25°C.
An INVITRO human blood circuit was employed to apply step functions in pH, pCO2, pO2 and SO2 to the monitor sensors. The 10% and 90% response and the time to respond (reach 10% response) for the sensors are as follows:
Continuous and discrete monitors for cardiopulmonary bypass have inherent measureable response delays. The Inherent delays In the sterile diffusion barriers of the sensor flow-through connectors for the continuous monitors is probably the greatest source of interference in accuracy studies involving discrete sampling versus continuous monitoring techniques during CPB.
Clinical Evaluation of Cardiomet 4000 Continuous On-Line Blood Gas Analyzer
Authors: Basha J.W. , Sternlieb J.J. , Bjork V.O. , Bretz P.D. , Gabrielson T.W. 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE: Clinically evaluate a new, continuous, on-line blood gas analyzer, Cardiomet 4000, for accuracy, safety, user friendliness.
METHOD: 32 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly selected. Approximately 105 blood samples were drawn and analyzed by the hospital blood-gas laboratory. The Bentley Gas Stat was used as an on-line reference. The parameters of the C4000 and BGS were recorded simultaneous to the drawing of blood samples. Calibration times and sensor insertion procedures were noted. Lab results were evaluated for bias and precision (B/P). The bias of both in-line systems was subject to a student's t-test analysis for significance.
RESULTS: Significant level= 0.001

Device
pH Bias/Precision
pCO2 B/P
p02B/P

C4000
0.003/0.028
0.059/2/8 mmHg
− 7.1/43.7 mmHg

BGS
**0.28/0.505
*0.13/4.4 mmHg
**29.5/44.7 mmHg

*not significant
**significant

Daily cal. time C4000 5 min. Full cal. time 15 min. (apx. once/wk.) Design of C4000 connector allows for sensor insertion and removal during CPB.
CONCLUSION: The C4000 demonstrated a clinically acceptable bias and precision in the measured parameters pH, pCO2, pO2 and required minimal calibration and set-up time during daily use. The C4000 stainless steel reinforced gas/ion window design provides a pressure barrier (17PSI) thus: A) allows for sensor calibration verification at any time, B) allows for sensor insertion after onset of CPB in emergency applications, C) eliminates sensor placement as requirement for membrane integrity.