bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird
Authors: Stenhouse Ewan H. , Bellamy Paul , Kirby Will , Vaughan Ian P. , Drake Lorna E. , Marchbank Angela , Workman Trudy , Symondson William O. C. , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAvian diet can be affected by site‐specific variables, such as habitat, as well as intrinsic factors such as sex. This can lead to dietary niche separation, which reduces competition between individuals, as well as impacting how well avian species can adapt to environmental variation. Estimating dietary niche separation is challenging, due largely to difficulties in accurately identifying food taxa consumed. Consequently, there is limited knowledge of the diets of woodland bird species, many of which are undergoing serious population declines. Here, we show the effectiveness of multi‐marker fecal metabarcoding to provide in‐depth dietary analysis of a declining passerine in the UK, the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). We collected fecal samples from (n = 262) UK Hawfinches prior to, and during, the breeding seasons in 2016–2019. We detected 49 and 90 plant and invertebrate taxa, respectively. We found Hawfinch diet varied spatially, as well as between sexes, indicating broad dietary plasticity and the ability of Hawfinches to utilize multiple resources within their foraging environments.
The interplay between terrestrial organic matter and benthic macrofauna: Framework, synthesis, and perspectives
Authors: Pardo J. C. F. , Poste A. E. , Frigstad H. , Quintana C. O. , Trannum H. C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEcosystems are shaped by physical, chemical, and biological drivers, which affect the quality and quantity of basal energy sources, with impacts that cascade to higher trophic levels. In coastal, shelf, and marine habitats, terrestrial‐derived organic matter (ter‐OM) can be a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Climate change is expected to alter land–ocean connectivity in many regions, with a broad range of potential consequences for impacted ecosystems, particularly in the coastal zone. The benthic compartment is an important link between the large organic carbon pools stored on land and the marine environment. At the same time, the macrofauna plays a key role in the processing, biological uptake, and fate of ter‐OM in the aquatic environment, with implications for coastal ecosystem functioning, benthic–pelagic coupling, carbon burial, and biogeochemical cycles. However, information about relationships between land–ocean connectivity (including ter‐OM loads) and coastal benthic community responses remains spread across disciplines, and a broad perspective on the potential impacts of a changing climate is still missing. Here, we explore the interplay between benthic macrofaunal communities and ter‐OM through a paired narrative and research weaving analysis, which combines systematic mapping and bibliometric analysis. The review describes the past development and status of the research field as well as the lack of information in some geographical regions and habitats worldwide. We highlight the role of macrofauna in carbon cycling and the growing evidence that ter‐OM plays a key role in the structure and function of benthic communities, not strictly limited to estuarine habitats. Climate change poses challenges for the prediction of future ter‐OM fluxes and potential macrofauna responses to this additional stressor, thus requiring new methodological approaches (e.g., multimarker approaches for OM characterization) and long‐term monitoring programs across different habitats and spatiotemporal scales.
Ubiquitination network in the type I IFN‐induced antiviral signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhang Renxia , Qiao Caixia , Miao Ying , Yuan Yukang , Zheng Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractType I IFN (IFN‐I) is the body's first line of defense against pathogen infection. IFN‐I can induce cellular antiviral responses and therefore plays a key role in driving antiviral innate and adaptive immunity. Canonical IFN‐I signaling activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, which induces the expression of IFN‐stimulated genes and eventually establishes a complex antiviral state in the cells. Ubiquitin is a ubiquitous cellular molecule for protein modifications, and the ubiquitination modifications of protein have been recognized as one of the key modifications that regulate protein levels and/or signaling activation. Despite great advances in understanding the ubiquitination regulation of many signaling pathways, the mechanisms by which protein ubiquitination regulates IFN‐I‐induced antiviral signaling have not been explored until very recently. This review details the current understanding of the regulatory network of ubiquitination that critically controls the IFN‐I‐induced antiviral signaling pathway from three main levels, including IFN‐I receptors, IFN‐I‐induced cascade signals, and effector IFN‐stimulated genes.
Online deployment of an O‐PLS model for dielectric spectroscopy‐based inline monitoring of viable cell concentrations in Chinese hamster ovary cell perfusion cultivations
Authors: Lemke Johannes , Söldner Robert , Austerjost Jonas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractViable cell concentration (VCC) is an essential parameter that is required to support the efficient cultivation of mammalian cells. Although commonly determined using at‐line or off‐line analytics, in‐line capacitance measurements represent a suitable alternative method for the determination of VCC. In addition, these latter efforts are complimentary with the Food and Drug Administration's initiative for process analytical technologies (PATs). However, current applications for online determination of the VCC often rely on single frequency measurements and corresponding linear regression models. It has been reported that this may be insufficient for application at all stages of a mammalian cell culture processes due to changes in multiple cell parameters over time. Alternatively, dielectric spectroscopy, measuring capacitance at multiple frequencies, in combination with multivariate mathematical models, has proven to be more robust. However, this has only been applied for retrospective data analysis. Here, we present the implementation of an O‐PLS model for the online processing of multifrequency capacitance signals and the on‐the‐fly integration of the models’ VCC results into a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system commonly used for cultivation observation and control. This system was evaluated using a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell perfusion process.
Faecal calprotectin: Marker of intestinal inflammatory process in anorexia nervosa? A preliminary study
Authors: Moubayed Dina , Piché‐Renaud Pierre‐Philippe , Provost Camille , Faure Christophe , Taddeo Danielle , Jamoulle Olivier , Frappier Jean‐Yves , Stheneur Chantal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious and potentially lethal mental disorder characterised by a deliberate quest to reduce one's weight. It can have multiple physical and psychological consequences. The clinical presentation of AN can include gastrointestinal symptoms, however, the pathophysiology of these symptoms in the context of AN remains uncertain. It is hypothesised that patients with AN may have an increase in intestinal permeability, which could lead to an increase in faecal calprotectin (fCP), a marker of intestinal inflammation. No relation between AN and elevation of fCP has been previously described in literature.MethodsEight patients hospitalised for AN have a dosage of fCP.ResultsCalprotectine was found to be elevated in 50% of cases, with or without any underlying comorbid gastrointestinal disease. Only the duration of illness tended to be associated with the increase in fCP suggesting a greater alteration as a function related to the time of denutrition.ConclusionAlthough these findings provide insights in the potential pathophysiology of gastrointestinal symptoms in AN, further studies that evaluate the factors associated with elevated fCP in patients with AN are needed.
Guidance for parameterizing post‐fire hydrologic models with in situ infiltration measurements
Authors: Liu Tao , McGuire Luke A. , Youberg Ann M. , Gorr Alexander N. , Rengers Francis K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWildfire can alter soil‐hydraulic properties, often resulting in an increased prevalence of infiltration‐excess overland flow and greater potential for debris‐flow hazards. Mini disk tension infiltrometers (MDIs) can be used to estimate soil hydraulic properties, such as field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) and wetting front potential (Hf), and their spatial variability following wildfire. However, the small (point‐scale) footprint of MDI measurements makes it challenging to use these data to parameterize hydrologic models at the hillslope and watershed scales where hydrologic hazards, such as debris flows, initiate. Here, we designed numerical experiments to estimate spatially constant or watershed‐scale effective hydrologic parameters (EHPs) that approximate the response of spatially variable hydrologic parameters with distributions derived from MDI measurements at five sites in the southwestern United States. We found that it is possible to define EHPs for both Kfs and Hf based on the MDI measurements that lead to reasonable approximations of run‐off hydrographs at the outlets of small watersheds (<1 km2). We found that watershed EHPs are functions of rainfall characteristics, although they are most sensitive to rainfall intensity and relatively less sensitive to the temporal distribution of rainfall. EHPs are lower than the arithmetic mean of the MDI measurements and are better approximated by the median or geometric mean of the MDI measurements, particularly for storms with recurrence intervals of approximately 1 year or less that commonly initiate post‐fire debris flows. This work demonstrated that using the proposed upscaling method to estimate watershed‐scale EHPs, as opposed to approximating EHPs based on the arithmetic mean of the MDI measurements, improved the ability of a hydrologic model to identify storms that are likely to produce debris flows. Results improved our ability to link point‐scale MDI measurements and watershed‐scale EHPs in post‐fire settings and helped guide our ability to use MDI data to parameterize post‐fire hydrologic models.
Differential contribution of between and within‐brain coupling to movement synchronization
Authors: Marton‐Alper Inbar Z. , Markus Andrey , Nevat Michael , Bennet Rotem , Shamay‐Tsoory Simone G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA fundamental characteristic of the human brain that supports behavior is its capacity to create connections between brain regions. A promising approach holds that during social behavior, brain regions not only create connections with other brain regions within a brain, but also coordinate their activity with other brain regions of an interaction partner. Here we ask whether between‐brain and within‐brain coupling contribute differentially to movement synchronization. We focused on coupling between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a brain region associated with the observation‐execution system, and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), a region associated with error‐monitoring and prediction. Participants, randomly divided into dyads, were simultaneously scanned with functional near infra‐red spectroscopy (fNIRS) while performing an open‐ended 3D hand movement task consisting of three conditions: back‐to‐back movement, free movement, or intentional synchronization. Results show that behavioral synchrony was higher in the intentional synchrony compared with the back‐to‐back and free movement conditions. Between‐brain coupling in the IFG and dmPFC was evident in the free movement and intentional synchrony conditions but not in the back‐to‐back condition. Importantly, between‐brain coupling was found to positively predict intentional synchrony, while within‐brain coupling was found to predict synchronization during free movement. These results indicate that during intentional synchronization, brain organization changes such that between‐brain networks, but not within‐brain connections, contribute to successful communication, pointing to shift from a within‐brain feedback loop to a two‐brains feedback loop.
Modified NEOMOD score as a neonatal mortality prediction tool in a medium‐income country: A validation diagnostic test study
Authors: Torres‐Canchala Laura , Molina Karen , Barco Mayra , Soto Laura , Ballesteros Adriana , García Alberto F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsMultiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a potentially reversible physiological disorder that involves two or more systems. Modified NEOMOD (Neonatal Multiple Organ Dysfunction score) scale could be a useful instrument to measure MOD and predict mortality. Our aim was to validate modified NEOMOD in patients from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a middle‐income country.MethodsDiagnostic test study. Preterm newborns admitted NICU were included. Daily values were collected from birthday to Day 14. MOD was defined as at least one point in two or more systems. The lowest score is 0 and the maximum is 16. The outcome variable was mortality. Secondary outcomes were bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), late‐onset neonatal sepsis (LONS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and length of hospital stay. Area under the curve (AUC) and Hosmer–Lemeshow test were calculated to evaluate scale discrimination and calibration. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between daily modified NEOMOD score and death.ResultsWe included 273 patients who met the inclusion criteria. MOD incidence was 74.4%. The median gestational age in patients with MOD was 30 (interquartile range [IQR]: 27–33) and in patients without MOD it was 32 (IQR: 31–33) (p < 0.001). There were 40 deaths (14.6%), 38 (18.7%) from the MOD group and 2 (2.9%) from non‐MOD group. On accumulated Day 7, AUC was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.95). Modified NEOMOD had good calibration (X2 = 2.94, p = 0.982). DBP (12.8% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.001), ROP (3.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.090), IVH (33% vs. 12.9%, p < 0.001), and LONS (36.5% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.001) frequency was higher in the MOD group than non‐MOD group. Length of hospital stay also was higher in MOD group (median 21 days [IQR 7–44] vs. median 5 days [IQR 4–9], p = 0.004).ConclusionModified NEOMOD scale presents good discrimination and calibration for death in preterm children. This scale could help in clinical decision‐making in real‐time.
Investigation of the effect of Low‐Level Laser Therapy on arm lymphedema in breast cancer patients: A noninvasive treatment for an intractable morbidity
Authors: Farhan Farshid , Samei Mahmood , Abdshah Alireza , Kazemian Ali , Shahriarian Shahriar , Amouzegar‐Hashemi Farnaz , Farzin Mostafa , Ghalehtaki Reza , Jafari Fatemeh , Cuccia Francesco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis article aims to study the effect of Low‐Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on arm lymphedema in patients who have breast cancer.Methods and MaterialsTwenty‐three patients were selected in a nonrandomized phase‐2 clinical trial. After measuring the circumference of the affected and unaffected limbs at 6‐points, the volume of the limbs, the degree of mental symptoms on visual analog scale by the patient upon entering the study, and performing an ultrasound on the patient's axilla to locate the fibrotic areas, a low‐level laser device at a therapeutic dose of 2 J/cm2 was used to treat the patients three times a week for 4 weeks, and after an 8‐week gap, for another similar period. Measurement of circumference and volume of affected and unaffected limbs and mental symptoms were carried out at the end of the 4th week, the beginning of the 12th week, and the end of the 16th week, and the obtained results were compared with those before the treatment.ResultsWe noted that the average reductions in the circumference and volume of the affected limb, as compared with the unaffected limb, were about 16% and 21.7%, respectively, and improvement in the patient's mental symptoms was about 32%. Another notable observation was the great enthusiasm of most patients to continue their treatment, particularly from the second cycle onward.ConclusionsLLLT can, at least in association with current standard methods, be used for arm lymphedema to introduce further reductions in pain and volume.
Prevalence of alexithymia among medical students in Nepal: A cross‐sectional study based on a self‐administered questionnaire
Authors: Karki Sagun , Shrestha Oshan , Thapa Niranjan , Gupta Satish , Chaudhary Amit , Yadav Abijeet , Manandhar Pradeep 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAlexithymia is a state in which one cannot comprehend and put their emotions or feelings into words. It is a disturbance that is common among general population as well as people with mental health disorders. Medical students are at higher risk of developing alexithymia due to the extensive nature of their course and clinical postings. The presence of alexithymia is negatively correlated with the self‐efficacy of the students eventually affecting self‐care and patient care in the future. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of alexithymia among medical students in Nepal and know its associated factors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used convenient sampling for selecting responders and the TAS‐20 tool for data collection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 20. Frequency was calculated for all the variables. Prevalence with 95% confidence interval [CI] is reported and the χ2 test is used to see the difference in alexithymia status among different categories of dichotomous independent variables.ResultsOut of 386 students, 380 of them responded. The ratio of male and female was 1.8 with the mean age of 22.22 ± 1.77 years. The prevalence of alexithymia was found to be 22.89% (95% CI, 18.9−27.1). There was no statistically significant difference between the presence and absence of alexithymia among categories of sex, year of study, staying at hostel, involvement in extracurricular activities, involvement in daily exercise/yoga/outdoor sports, and smoking habit.ConclusionThe prevalence of alexithymia in our study was 22.89% with no association with known factors.
The approximate solution of nonlinear heat equation
Authors: Aruova Aliya , Beisebay Perizat , Akzhigitov Yerbulat , Tilepiev Murat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNowadays there are many approximate methods for thermal conductivity calculation, that lead to satisfactory outcomes in engineering practice. With the new approach, the solution of the nonlinear thermal conductivity equation was investigated. In addition to this, we reviewed the approximate solution of the nonlinear equation of thermal conductivity with cubic nonlinearity. To solve the problems of mathematical analysis, differential and integral equations, and boundary value problems of mathematical physics, difference, and interpolation are applied. Thus, for thinking of the effectiveness and reasonableness of these approaches, it is crucial for their theoretical investigation. The solution to these questions was found for each class of equation and each of its methods in their way and was often represented as significant difficulty, and in many cases was an obstacle for the current time. A natural approach to solving this issue is the use of the ideas of functional analysis. The variational principle initially was considered as a variational approach for solving linear functional equations and finding eigenvalues of linear operators. As in any variational approach, the problem of solving an equation will be brought to finding the extremum of the certain function of a special type, given over the entire space. It was found that the approach is useful in a way of minimizing functions of the more general type.
Runoff response of a hydrophobic soil under high intensity rains
Authors: Holko Ladislav , Lichner Ľubomír , Kollár Jozef , Šurda Peter , Danko Michal , Zvala Anton , Kidron Giora J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWater repellent soils represent some of the most responsive natural surfaces from the point of view of overland flow generation. Measurement of the runoff response of such soils can therefore provide characteristics that can help constrain hydrological models or improve the conceptual models of hillslope runoff generation. We have analysed the overland flow characteristics of water repellent sandy soils at three sites with different dominant vegetation (hereafter denoted as the lichen, moss and herb sites) and following vegetation removal (scalping) during extreme rainfall events created by a rainfall simulator (three consecutive sprinklings at 2.1 mm min−1 for 15 min each with a 5 min hiatus between the sprinklings). Despite the extreme water repellency (WR) and rainfall intensity, on average just up to a half of the rainfall left the plots as an overland flow. Whilst the overland flow mostly generated quickly (on average within 50–120 s), the vegetation substantially delayed its appearance (by approximately 100% compared to scalped plots). The median values of the runoff coefficients were 6% and 49% on the soil with and without vegetation, respectively. Good relationships between the overland flow characteristics and soil moisture were found only for the scalped plots. Although the time to runoff and runoff coefficients after each of the three consecutive sprinklings were not substantially different, the differences between the soil with and without vegetation remained substantial. The results indicated: (a) high variability within each of the sites, including the lichen site that appeared homogenous; (b) all vegetated plots retained a higher amount of water than the scalped plots; (c) although all sites exhibited high WR, the combined influence of preferential flow, higher hydraulic conductivity and specific vegetation (soapwort, black locust) mitigated its effects at the herb site; (d) the relatively lower overland flow at that site may point to subsurface flow.
Standardizing case definitions for monitoring the safety of maternal vaccines globally: GAIA definitions, a review of progress to date
Authors: Davies Hannah G. , Bowman Conor , Watson Gabriella , Dodd Caitlin , Jones Christine E. , Munoz Flor M. , Heath Paul T. , Cutland Clare L. , Le Doare Kirsty 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn 2014, the Global Alignment on Immunization safety Assessment in pregnancy consortium (GAIA) was formed, with the goal of developing a harmonized, globally‐concerted approach to actively monitor the safety of vaccines in pregnancy. A total of 26 standardized definitions for the classification of adverse events have been developed. The aim of this review was to identify and describe studies undertaken to assess the performance of these definitions. A literature search was undertaken to identify published studies assessing the performance of the definitions, and reference lists were snowballed. Data were abstracted by two investigators and a narrative review of the results is presented. Four studies that have evaluated 13 GAIA case definitions (50%) were identified. Five case definitions have been assessed in high‐income settings only. Recommendations have been made by the investigators to improve the performance of the definitions. These include ensuring consistency across definitions, removal of the potential for ambiguity or variations in interpretation and ensuring that higher‐level criteria are acceptable at lower levels of confidence. Future research should prioritize the key case definitions that have not been assessed in low‐ and middle‐income settings, as well as the 13 that have not undergone any validation.