bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the survivability of a population of gas giant planets on wide orbits
Authors: Carter Ethan J , Stamatellos Dimitris 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The existence of giant planets on wide orbits ($\stackrel{\gt }{_\sim }100\rm ~au$) challenge planet formation theories; the core accretion scenario has difficulty in forming them, whereas the disc instability model forms an overabundance of them that is not seen observations. We perform N-body simulations investigating the effect of close stellar encounters (≤1200 au) on systems hosting wide-orbit giant planets and the extent at which such interactions may disrupt the initial wide-orbit planet population. We find that the effect of an interaction on the orbit of a planet is stronger for high-mass, low-velocity perturbers, as expected. We find that due to just a single encounter there is a $\sim 17~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ chance that the wide-orbit giant planet is liberated in the field, a $\sim 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ chance it is scattered significantly outwards, and a $\sim 6~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ chance it is significantly scattered inwards. Moreover, there is a $\sim 21~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ chance that its eccentricity is excited to e &gt; 0.1, making it more prone to disruption in subsequent encounters. The results strongly suggest that the effect of even a single stellar encounter is significant in disrupting the primordial wide-orbit giant planet population; in reality the effect will be even more prominent, as in a young star-forming region more such interactions are expected to occur. We conclude that the low occurrence rate of wide-orbit planets revealed by observational surveys does not exclude the possibility that such planetary systems are initially abundant, and therefore the disc–instability model may be a plausible scenario for their formation.
A systematic approach to classify and characterize genomic islands driven by conjugative mobility using protein signatures
Authors: Audrey Bioteau , Cellier Nicolas , White Frédérique , Jacques Pierre-Étienne , Burrus Vincent 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Genomic islands (GIs) play a crucial role in the spread of antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and antiviral defense systems in a broad range of bacterial species. However, the characterization and classification of GIs are challenging due to their relatively small size and considerable genetic diversity. Predicting their intercellular mobility is of utmost importance in the context of the emerging crisis of multidrug resistance. Here, we propose a large-scale classification method to categorize GIs according to their mobility profile and, subsequently, analyze their gene cargo. We based our classification decision scheme on a collection of mobility protein motif definitions available in publicly accessible databases. Our results show that the size distribution of GI classes correlates with their respective structure and complexity. Self-transmissible GIs are usually the largest, except in Bacillota and Actinomycetota, accumulate antibiotic and phage resistance genes, and favour the use of a tyrosine recombinase to insert into a host's replicon. Non-mobilizable GIs tend to use a DDE transposase instead. Finally, although tRNA genes are more frequently targeted as insertion sites by GIs encoding a tyrosine recombinase, most GIs insert in a protein-encoding gene. This study is a stepping stone toward a better characterization of mobile GIs in bacterial genomes and their mechanism of mobility.
Phase I trial of panobinostat in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: A report from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC-047)
Authors: Monje Michelle , Cooney Tabitha , Glod John , Huang Jie , Peer Cody J , Faury Damien , Baxter Patricia , Kramer Kim , Lenzen Alicia , Robison Nathan J , Kilburn Lindsay , Vinitsky Anna , Figg William D , Jabado Nada , Fouladi Maryam , Fangusaro Jason , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Dunkel Ira J , Warren Katherine E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal childhood cancer with median survival of less than 1 year. Panobinostat is an oral multihistone deacetylase inhibitor with preclinical activity in DIPG models. Study objectives were to determine safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity profile, and pharmacokinetics of panobinostat in children with DIPG.

Patients and Methods
In stratum 1, panobinostat was administered 3 days per week for 3 weeks on, 1 week off to children with progressive DIPG, with dose escalation following a two-stage continual reassessment method. After this MTD was determined, the study was amended to evaluate the MTD in children with nonprogressive DIPG/Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) (stratum 2) on an alternate schedule, 3 days a week every other week in an effort to escalate the dose.

Results
For stratum 1, 19 subjects enrolled with 17/19 evaluable for dose-finding. The MTD was 10 mg/m2/dose. Dose-limiting toxicities included thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome was reported in 1 patient. For stratum 2, 34 eligible subjects enrolled with 29/34 evaluable for dose finding. The MTD on this schedule was 22 mg/m2/dose. DLTs included thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, neutropenia with grade 4 thrombocytopenia, prolonged intolerable nausea, and increased ALT.

Conclusions
The MTD of panobinostat is 10 mg/m2/dose administered 3 times per week for 3 weeks on/1 week off in children with progressive DIPG/DMG and 22 mg/m2/dose administered 3 times per week for 1 week on/1 week off when administered in a similar population preprogression. The most common toxicity for both schedules was myelosuppression.
Structural complexity is a better predictor than single habitat attributes of understory bird densities in Andean temperate forests
Authors: Concha Victoria C , Caviedes Julián , Novoa Fernando J , Altamirano Tomás A , Ibarra José Tomás 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe simplification of forest structural complexity, caused by anthropogenic land-use practices, is one of the main threats to understory specialist birds. We examined the association of both single structural attributes and structural complexity, with the density of 4 understory bird species in the Global Biodiversity Hotspot “Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests” of South America. Between 2011 and 2013, we surveyed habitat attributes and conducted bird point counts in 505 plots in Andean temperate ecosystems in Chile. In each habitat plot, we measured understory density, volume of coarse woody debris (CWD), number of snags, diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees, and leaf litter depth. With these attributes, we developed an index of stand structural complexity (ISC). On average, old-growth forests had higher values for understory density, CWD volume, DBH, and litter depth than secondary forests and open fields, and thus greater values of ISC. The density of understory birds was positively correlated with the ISC for the Rhinocryptidae Pteroptochos tarnii, Scelorchilus rubecula, and Scytalopus magellanicus. We also found a positive association between understory density and litter depth, with the density of the Furnariidae Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii. However, this latter species showed a negative association with the density of snags. Our results suggest the utility of using an index of structural complexity, rather than single or even additive habitat attributes, for determining the density of understory specialist birds. We recommend that management plans should promote the retention of habitat attributes that contribute to the structural complexity of temperate forests of South America and beyond.
Census counts of Common Murres adjusted for timing of breeding are more accurate than counts based on calendar dates
Authors: Birkhead Timothy R , Montgomerie Robert D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Climate change has resulted in a marked advancement in the breeding phenology of many bird species. Since the timing of many monitoring programs is based on calendar dates, changes in the timing of birds’ breeding seasons may result in a mismatch with the census period. Using data from a long-term population study of Common Murres (Uria aalge; Common Guillemots in Europe) on Skomer Island, Wales, together with simulations, we show that the 2-week advance in the timing of breeding in Common Murres between 1973 and 2020 has serious implications for the timing of census counts. We show that because censuses have traditionally been conducted during the same fixed calendar period each year, the size of the breeding population has been underestimated. We recommend that censuses of breeding seabirds be made relative to the median egg-laying date rather than on specific calendar dates. Since climate change has resulted in a widespread advance in the timing of birds’ breeding seasons in the northern hemisphere, our results may be relevant to Common Murres at other colonies, and to other bird species worldwide.
On Algorithms, Effective Procedures, and Their Definitions
Authors: Papayannopoulos Philippos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractI examine the classical idea of ‘algorithm’ as a sequential, step-by-step, deterministic procedure (i.e., the idea of ‘algorithm’ that was already in use by the 1930s), with respect to three themes, its relation to the notion of an ‘effective procedure’, its different roles and uses in logic, computer science, and mathematics (focused on numerical analysis), and its different formal definitions proposed by practitioners in these areas. I argue that ‘algorithm’ has been conceptualized and used in contrasting ways in the above areas, and discuss challenges and prospects for adopting a final foundational theory of (classical) ‘algorithms’.
Potassium transporter OsHAK18 mediates potassium and sodium circulation and sugar translocation in rice
Authors: Peng Lirun , Xiao Huojun , Li Ran , Zeng Yang , Gu Mian , Moran Nava , Yu Ling , Xu Guohua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High-affinity potassium (K+) transporter (HAK)/K+ uptake permease (KUP)/K+ transporter (KT) have been identified in all genome-sequenced terrestrial plants. They play an important role in K+ acquisition and translocation and in enhancing salt tolerance. Here, we report that plasma membrane–located OsHAK18 functions in K+ and sodium (Na+) circulation and sugar translocation in rice (Oryza sativa). OsHAK18 was expressed mainly, though not exclusively, in vascular tissues and particularly in the phloem. Knockout (KO) of OsHAK18 reduced K+ concentration in phloem sap and roots but increased K+ accumulation in the shoot of both ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Zhonghua11’ cultivars, while overexpression (OX) of OsHAK18 driven by its endogenous promoter increased K+ concentration in phloem sap and roots and promoted Na+ retrieval from the shoot to the root under salt stress. Split-root experimental analysis of rubidium (Rb+) uptake and circulation indicated that OsHAK18-OX promoted Rb+ translocation from the shoot to the root. In addition, OsHAK18-KO increased while OsHAK18-OX reduced soluble sugar content in the shoot and oppositely affected the sugar concentration in the phloem and its content in the root. Moreover, OsHAK18-OX dramatically increased grain yield and physiological K+ utilization efficiency. Our results suggest that—unlike other OsHAKs analyzed heretofore—OsHAK18 is critical for K+ and Na+ recirculation from the shoot to the root and enhances the source-to-sink translocation of photo-assimilates.
Short- and long-term mortality following acute medical admission
Authors: Conway R , Byrne D , O’Riordan D , Silke B 
Published: August 2023

Summary

Background
Short-term in-hospital mortality following acute medical admission has been widely investigated. Longer term mortality, particularly out–of-hospital mortality, has been less well studied.

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate short- and long-term mortality, and predictors of such, following acute medical admission.

Design
Retrospective database study.

Methods
We evaluated all acute medical admissions to our institution over 10 years (2002–11) with a minimum of a further 10 years follow-up to 2021 using the Irish National Death Register. Predictors of 30-day in-hospital and long-term mortality were analysed with logistic and Cox regression, with loss of life years estimated.

Results
The 2002–11 cohort consisted of 62 184 admissions in 35 140 patients. 30-Day in hospital mortality (n = 3646) per patient was 10.4% and per admission was 5.9%. There were an additional 11 440 longer-term deaths by 2021—total mortality was 15 086 (42.9%). Deaths post hospital discharge had median age at admission of 75.4 years [interquartile range (IQR) 63.7, 82.8] and died at median age of 80 years (IQR 69, 87). The half-life of survival following admission was 195 months—representing a short fall of 8 life years (32.9%) compared with the projected population reference of 24.3 years. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64, 1.81)], acute illness severity score [OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.36, 1.43)] and comorbidity score [OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.08, 1.10)] predicted long-term mortality.

Conclusion
Similar factors influence both short- and long-term mortality following acute medical admission, the magnitude of effect is attenuated over time.
Depletion through Social Reproduction and Contingent Coping in the Lived Experience of Parents on Universal Credit in England
Authors: Fawcett Robyn , Gray Emily , Nunn Alexander 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report data from longitudinal qualitative interviews with thirteen people claiming Universal Credit (UC) immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in England. The article utilizes concepts from feminist theory: “Social Reproduction” and “Depletion.” We make several novel contributions, including bringing depletion into conversation with the related concept of “contingent coping.” We argue that the lived experience of UC involves material and emotional depletion, but that UC also helps recipients to “cope” contingently with this depletion. In this sense, depletion through social reproduction is an ongoing and harmful state of being. We show how highly conditional and disciplinary welfare policies both partially mitigate but also accentuate structural pressures associated with an unequal, insecure, and competitive labor market.
XVIIIBibliography, Textual Criticism, and Reference Works
Authors: Baker William 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOwing to Covid and its impact on the supplies of review copies to reviewers, this chapter contains some retrospective coverage. Thanks are due to James E May, Shef Rogers, Patrick Scott, and Dino Felluga, and to our other contributors for letting me know what their contributions have been unable to include. The chapter is divided into five sections, and contents may overlap: 1. Periodicals; 2. Editions; 3. Bibliography and Associated Books and Articles; 4. History and Companions including items excluded from other chapters; 5. History of Libraries, Collections, and Miscellaneous including Reference Materials. The final section includes an account of work that publishers sent electronically. These are difficult to record, not being user-friendly, but it would be doing a disservice to their authors or contributors to omit them.
Polychaetes distributed across oceans—examples of widely recorded species from abyssal depths of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Authors: Meißner Karin , Schwentner Martin , Götting Miriam , Knebelsberger Thomas , Fiege Dieter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Distributional ranges of selected deep-sea annelids are examined in an integrative approach using genetic markers (COI, 18S) and morphology. The source material comes from various deep-sea expeditions to the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans realized between 1998 and 2015. Selection criteria for the eventual target species are a reliably documented widespread distribution in the deep-sea, and the presence in sufficient numbers of specimens in our source material. Specimens from museum collections are also incorporated. Species studied are Sigambra magnuncus, Bathyglycinde profunda and B. sibogana, Progoniada regularis, P. cf. regularis, and Spiophanes cf. longisetus, plus three newly described species: Octomagelona borowskii sp. nov., Spiophanes australissp. nov., and Spiophanes pacificus sp. nov. Illustrated descriptions are provided and the morphological distinction to congeners discussed. Genetic diversity is highest in most frequently found species, also reflected by the large numbers of genetically divergent haplotypes. The majority of haplotypes are singletons. Pan-oceanic distribution is observed for Progoniada regularis, Bathyglycinde profunda and Sigambra magnuncus, but even species restricted to a single ocean have distributions spanning hundreds or even thousands of kilometres. Our data suggest multiple and possibly ongoing dispersal and genetic exchange between oceans, most cogent for Sigambra magnuncus.
Hypothalamic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is downregulated by TNFα‐induced Let‐7 overexpression driven by fatty acids
Authors: Simino Laís A. P. , Baqueiro Mayara N. , Panzarin Carolina , Lopes Priscilla K. F. , Góis Mariana M. , Simabuco Fernando M. , Ignácio‐Souza Letícia M. , Milanski Marciane , Ross Michael G. , Desai Mina , Torsoni Adriana S. , Torsoni Marcio A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe α7nAChR is crucial to the anti‐inflammatory reflex, and to the expression of neuropeptides that control food intake, but its expression can be decreased by environmental factors. We aimed to investigate whether microRNA modulation could be an underlying mechanism in the α7nAchR downregulation in mouse hypothalamus following a short‐term exposure to an obesogenic diet. Bioinformatic analysis revealed Let‐7 microRNAs as candidates to regulate Chrna7, which was confirmed by the luciferase assay. Mice exposed to an obesogenic diet for 3 days had increased Let‐7a and decreased α7nAChR levels, accompanied by hypothalamic fatty acids and TNFα content. Hypothalamic neuronal cells exposed to fatty acids presented higher Let‐7a and TNFα levels and lower Chrna7 expression, but when the cells were pre‐treated with TLR4 inhibitor, Let‐7a, TNFα, and Chrna7 were rescued to normal levels. Thus, the fatty acids overload trigger TNFα‐induced Let‐7 overexpression in hypothalamic neuronal cells, which negatively regulates α7nAChR, an event that can be related to hyperphagia and obesity predisposition in mice.
Association of baseline serum cholesterol with benefits of intensive blood pressure control
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Feng Yingqing , Yang Li , Zhang Guohui , Tian Xiaoyuan , Ling Qianhui , Tan Jiangshan , Cai Jun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control improved outcomes in the Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients (STEP) trial. Whether baseline serum lipid parameters influence the benefits of intensive SBP control is unclear.

Methods:
The STEP trial was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of intensive (SBP target of 110 to <130 mmHg) and standard (SBP target of 130 to <150 mmHg) SBP control in Chinese patients aged 60 to 80 years with hypertension. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular disease events. A total of 8283 participants from the STEP study were included in this post hoc analysis to examine whether the effects of the SBP intervention differed by baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) concentrations.

Results:
Regardless of the randomized SBP intervention, baseline LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations had a J-shaped association with the hazard of the primary outcome. However, the effects of the intensive SBP intervention on the primary outcome were not influenced by baseline LDL-C level (P for interaction = 0.80) and non-HDL-C level (P for interaction = 0.95). Adjusted subgroup analysis using tertiles in LDL-C1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–1.13; P = 0.18), LDL-C2 (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.55–1.20; P = 0.29), and LDL-C3 (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47–0.98; P = 0.04) was provided, with an interaction P value of 0.49. Similar results were showed in non-HDL-C1 (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.59–1.29; P = 0.49), non-HDL-C2 (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.48–1.04; P = 0.08), and non-HDL-C3 (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47–0.95; P = 0.03), with an interaction P-value of 0.47.

Conclusion:
High baseline serum LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations were associated with increased risk of primary cardiovascular disease outcome, but there was no evidence that the benefit of the intensive SBP control differed by baseline LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations.

Clinical trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03015311.
Textured and Smooth Implant Use Reported in the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons Database: Epidemiologic Implications for BIA-ALCL
Authors: Matros Evan , Shamsunder Meghana G. , Rubenstein Robyn N. , Polanco Thais O. , McCarthy Colleen M. , Nelson Jonas A. , Gutowski Karol , TOPS Steering Committee The 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Breast-implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is associated with prolonged exposure to textured implants. Current studies describing textured implant use are limited to single center/surgeon experiences. Using the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons database, the study aims to characterize national trends in rates of smooth versus textured implant utilization. The hypothesis is that rates of textured implant use have decreased in the most recent time period.

Methods:
Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons was queried from 2007 to 2019 for CPT codes involving breast implant use in augmentation and reconstruction. The rate of smooth and textured implant utilization was calculated for each year per procedure type. Generalized additive models with a smoothing function and Pearson chi-square tests were used to assess the trends.

Results:
Textured implant use peaked in 2016, being utilized in 17.83% of cosmetic and 40.88% of reconstructive procedures. Textured implants were more commonly used for reconstructive compared with cosmetic cases for 2007–2009, 2011, and 2013–2019 (P < 0.02). Both cosmetic and reconstructive cases had nonlinear trends in textured implant use over the study period, with textured rates decreasing from 2017 to 2019 (P < 0.001). In 2019, textured implants were used in 2.15% of cosmetic and 7.58% of reconstructive cases.

Conclusions:
This is the first national study describing trends in textured versus smooth breast implant use in the United States. Textured implant utilization peaked in 2016. Based on a median time horizon of 10 years before development of BIA-ALCL, the peak number of cases can be anticipated in 2026 or thereafter.