bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of Self-Contained Radiance Bias Correction for Data Assimilation within the Hurricane Analysis and Forecasting System (HAFS)
Authors: Knisely Joseph , Poterjoy Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Hurricane Analysis and Forecasting System (HAFS) is the next-generation, FV3-based tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting system. Unlike operational implementations of NOAA’s Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) modeling system, current data assimilation (DA) capabilities in HAFS permit the uninterrupted basin-wide assimilation of measurements. This feature of HAFS opens a variety of new research directions for TC prediction, including new strategies for DA algorithm development and self-contained probabilistic forecasting. The present research focuses more narrowly on new opportunities HAFS brings for optimizing the use of satellite measurements for TC prediction. While satellite radiometers provide a wealth of information for characterizing temperature, moisture, and wind in TC environments, the provided measurements are often biased and contain unknown cross-channel error correlations. For mature global modeling systems, these statistics are estimated from information gathered during DA, namely, innovations collected over large spatial and temporal training periods. The estimated statistics, however, are imperfect owing to unknown error sources such as model process error, which are difficult to separate from observation error. As such, bias and uncertainty specifications that rely on information from external models are suboptimal—as is the current strategy for HWRF. In this paper, it will be demonstrated that bias estimation for satellite radiance observations is particularly sensitive to common design choices, such as using a bias model trained from the Global Data Assimilation System instead of within the native modeling system. Implications of this finding for TC prediction are examined over a 6-week period from 2020, which included the development and intensification of nine tropical cyclones.

Significance Statement
Tropical cyclone–focused numerical weather prediction is difficult due to complex nonlinear physical processes and a lack of in situ observations over open ocean. Prediction systems rely heavily on satellite radiance measurements, which have high spatial–temporal resolution over the entire domain but require bias correction. Estimation of observation bias requires long training periods and large spatial domain coverage, which is typically not permitted outside of global models. However, bias specification is strongly model dependent, as bias correction methods cannot easily separate model and observation bias. In this study, we perform satellite radiance bias specification internally for an experimental version of the NOAA Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System and demonstrate major implications for tropical cyclone prediction.
Joy and Community in Surgery
Authors: Upchurch Gilbert R. 
Published: July 2023

My wife Nancy is a voluminous reader of books (you remember the things printed on paper). After 30 years of marriage, it dawned on me that we have never really shared books. Therefore, we decided to try and enrich our marriage by exchanging books. I asked her to pick out five books that she enjoyed and share them with me so that we could talk about them and have them “in common.” Incidentally, when I asked my wife to pre-read this article, she said, “you make me sound like a total downer” based on the books she had given me to read. In all honesty, my wife Nancy is the most positive person I know, and my kids are a direct reflection of her positive energy. While she refuted my initial portrayal of the books she shared as they somehow portrayed her in a non-joyful light, I realized that each of those books challenged me to think about finding joy in non-standard communities.
Changes in Intraset Repetitions in Reserve Prediction Accuracy During Six Weeks of Bench Press Training in Trained Men
Authors: Remmert Jacob F. , Robinson Zac P. , Pelland Joshua C. , John Thomas A. , Dinh Shawn , Hinson Seth R. , Elkins Ethan , Canteri Laura C. , Meehan Caitlyn M. , Helms Eric R. , Hall Michael E. , Laurson Kelly R. , Zourdos Michael C. 
Published: July 2023

In this study we investigated whether the accuracy of intraset repetitions in reserve (RIR) predictions changes over time. Nine trained men completed three bench press training sessions per week for 6 weeks (following a 1-week familiarization). The final set of each session was performed until momentary muscular failure, with participants verbally indicating their perceived 4RIR and 1RIR. RIR prediction errors were calculated as raw differences (RIRDIFF), with positive and negative values indicating directionality, and absolute RIRDIFF (absolute value of raw RIRDIFF) indicating error scores. We constructed mixed effect models with time (i.e., session) and proximity to failure as fixed effects, repetitions as a covariate, and random intercepts per participant to account for repeated measures, with statistical significance set at p ≤ .05. We observed a significant main effect for time on raw RIRDIFF ( p < .001), with an estimated marginal slope of −.077 repetitions, indicating a slight decrease in raw RIRDIFF over time. Further, the estimated marginal slope of repetitions was −.404 repetitions, indicating a decrease in raw RIRDIFF as more repetitions were performed. There were no significant effects on absolute RIRDIFF. Thus, RIR rating accuracy did not significantly improve over time, though there was a greater tendency to underestimate RIR in later sessions and during higher repetition sets.
Nonoperative Management of Degenerative Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears: Poor Outcomes at a Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Lamba Abhinav , Wang Allen S. , Boos Alexander M. , Camp Christopher L. , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J. , Hevesi Mario 
Published: July 2023

Background: Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) cause pain and dysfunction and are associated with poor clinical outcomes with nonoperative management at short-term follow-up. However, little is known about the long-term natural history of these tears. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (1) provide an update to a previous minimum 2-year study on the natural progression of these tears and (2) evaluate long-term patient-reported and radiographic outcomes. Study Design: Case series (prognosis); Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on a cohort of patients with untreated MMPRTs, diagnosed between 2005 and 2013, who were followed clinically using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), visual analog scale for pain, and Tegner activity scores as well as radiographically at a minimum 10-year follow-up. Failure was defined as conversion to arthroplasty or a severely abnormal subjective IKDC score <75.4. Results: Overall, 5 (10%) of the original 52 patients with minimum 2-year outcomes were subsequently lost to follow-up. The remaining 47 patients (21 male, 26 female) were followed for a mean of 14 ± 2 years (range, 11-18 years). At final follow-up, 25 patients (53%) had progressed to total knee arthroplasty, 8 (17%) were deceased, and 14 (30%) had not progressed to total knee arthroplasty. The mean IKDC and Tegner activity scores for the 14 patients with remaining MMPRTs were 51.6 ± 22.2 and 3.1 ± 1.1, respectively, and the mean visual analog scale score was 4.4 ± 3.0. Radiographically, the mean Kellgren-Lawrence grade progressed from 1.2 ± 0.7 at baseline to 2.6 ± 0.5 at final follow-up ( P < .001). At a minimum 10-year follow-up, 37 of 39 living patients (95%) had failed nonoperative treatment. Conclusion: Poor clinical and radiographic outcomes were associated with the nonoperative treatment of degenerative MMPRTs at long-term follow-up. This study provides a valuable update on the natural history and long-term prognosis of nonoperatively treated MMPRTs.
Acceptability and feasibility of HIV self-testing in Southeast Asia: A scoping review
Authors: Entierro Joshel Mary , Camañag Kimberly , Muyot Kianna Marie , Rubio Mitzi Ingrid , Miranda Kevin Jace , Carandang Rogie Royce 
Published: July 2023

Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) policies in Southeast Asia are under development. This scoping review aimed to systematically synthesize the available literature on the acceptability and feasibility of HIVST in Southeast Asia. Methods Systematic search was conducted on January 20, 2022, in eight databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, and CENTRAL. Acceptability (HIV testing frequency, willingness to pay, use, and recommend the test, ease of use, preference over standard tests, and partner testing) and feasibility (error rate, readability, and diagnostic performance) parameters were followed for the inclusion of articles. A narrative synthesis was done to present findings from included studies on the acceptability and feasibility of HIVST. Results A total of 5091 records were identified through database search, and 362 were deleted after deduplication. The screening process resulted in 18 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated a high acceptability rate due to convenience, increasing awareness about HIVST, availability, and affordability of test kits, and confidentiality of test results. A high feasibility rate was reported due to a low occurrence of errors in self-testing, interpretability of results, and a low percentage of invalid and false-reactive results. Issues identified include costs of HIVST for individual use, distribution mode, type of supervision, counseling, geographic location, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions Evidence supports the acceptability and feasibility of HIVST in Southeast Asia. There is a need to regulate and license HIVST in Southeast Asia to have better recognition as a supplement to HTS.
Relationship of handgrip strength with health indicators of people living with HIV in west Pará, Brazil
Authors: Gouvêa-e-Silva Luiz Fernando , Brito Ester Rosa de , Sol Naiara Cristina Correia , Fernandes Eduardo Vignoto , Xavier Marília Brasil 
Published: July 2023

Background Handgrip strength (HGS) is an important health indicator that can be influenced by body composition and biochemical markers of people living with HIV, contributing to better understanding of health-related outcomes. Objective To analyze the relationship between HGS and health indicators in people living with HIV. Methods Cross-sectional study, with 207 people living with HIV, attending a reference center, located in Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Data collection covered sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, physical activity level, body composition, and HGS information. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting p < .05. Results There was a predominance of men (60%), aged 33–47 years (42%). A relationship was observed between adequate HGS and the male sex ( p < .001), and adequate values for body mass index ( p = .003), abdominal circumference ( p < .001), and total cholesterol ( p = .012). In addition, higher values of fat mass ( p < .001), and lower lean mass ( p = .006) were observed for people living with HIV with low HGS. Conclusion People living with HIV present an association between lean body mass and high HGS. On the other hand, low HGS favored obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, monitoring HGS is an important indicator of body, laboratory, and functional capacity changes, with HGS being an additional element in the clinical evaluation.
Evaluating ‘living well’ with mild-to-moderate dementia: Co-production and validation of the IDEAL My Life Questionnaire
Authors: Clare Linda , Pentecost Claire , Collins Rachel , Martyr Anthony , Litherland Rachael , Morris Robin G , Quinn Catherine , Gamble Laura D , Sabatini Serena , Victor Christina 
Published: July 2023

Objectives We aimed to co-produce and validate an accessible, evidence-based questionnaire measuring ‘living well’ with dementia that reflects the experience of people with mild-to-moderate dementia. Methods Nine people with dementia formed a co-production group. An initial series of workshops generated the format of the questionnaire and a longlist of items. Preliminary testing with 53 IDEAL cohort participants yielded a shortlist of items. These were tested with 136 IDEAL cohort participants during a further round of data collection and assessed for reliability and validity. The co-production group contributed to decisions throughout and agreed the final version. Results An initial list of 230 items was reduced to 41 for initial testing, 12 for full testing, and 10 for the final version. The 10-item version had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and a single factor structure. Analyses showed significant large positive correlations with scores on measures of quality of life, well-being, and satisfaction with life, and expected patterns of association including a significant large negative association with depression scores and no association with cognitive test scores. Conclusions The co-produced My Life Questionnaire is an accessible and valid measure of ‘living well’ with dementia suitable for use in a range of contexts.
Impact of branch arteries on efficacy of endoluminal flow diverters: Insights from posterior communicating artery aneurysms
Authors: Bilgin Cem , Kandemirli Sedat Giray , Ghozy Sherief , Orscelik Atakan , Kobeissi Hassan , Senol Yigit Can , Shehata Mostafa , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F 
Published: July 2023

Background Flow diverter treatment may inevitably require jailing of the branch vessels. While the patency of covered branch arteries and associated safety risks have been a topic of substantial interest, the question of whether the characteristics of branch vessels affect flow diversion's efficacy remains unanswered. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of branch arteries on the efficacy of endoluminal flow diverters, specifically focusing on posterior communicating artery (Pcomm) aneurysms. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases with predefined keywords. Studies providing data for flow diversion outcomes in Pcomm aneurysms were included. Outcomes of interest included complete and adequate aneurysm obliteration, ischemic and hemorrhagic complications, and Pcomm occlusion in the follow-up period. A random or fixed effects model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and pooled event rates with their corresponding confidence intervals (CI). Results The overall complete and adequate aneurysm occlusion rates were 72.25% (95% CI: 64.46–78.88%) and 88.37% (95% CI: 84.33–92.6), respectively. Fetal-type Pcomm aneurysms had significantly lower complete aneurysm occlusion rates than the nonfetal-type Pcomm aneurysms (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.05–0.29). Overall ischemic and hemorrhagic complication rates were 2.62% (95% CI = 0.71–5.32) and 0.71% (95% CI: 0–2.24), respectively. There were no significant associations between Pcomm morphology and complications (OR: 3.61, 95% CI = 0.42–31.06 for ischemic complications and OR: 2.31, 95% CI = 0.36–14.6 for hemorrhage). Overall Pcomm occlusion rate was 32.04% (95% CI = 19.96–47.13), and the Pcomm patency was significantly lower in nonfetal-type Pcomm aneurysms (OR: 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02–0.44). Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests that flow diversion is a safe treatment option for Pcomm aneurysms, regardless of fetal-type Pcomm morphology. However, on the other hand, our findings indicate that Pcomm anatomy or the presence of jailed large branches can affect the efficacy of flow diverter treatment.
Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnostic workup of embolic stroke of undetermined source: A systematic review
Authors: Khenkina Natallia , Aimo Alberto , Fabiani Iacopo , Masci Pier Giorgio , Sagris Dimitrios , Williams Steven E , Mavraganis George , Chen Hui-Sheng , Wintermark Max , Michel Patrik , Ntaios George , Georgiopoulos Georgios 
Published: July 2023

Background: Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) refers to ischemic stroke where the underlying cause of thromboembolism cannot be found despite the recommended diagnostic workup. Unidentified source of emboli hinders clinical decision-making and patient management with detrimental consequences on long-term prognosis. The rapid development and versatility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make it an appealing addition to the diagnostic routine of patients with ESUS for the assessment of potential vascular and cardiac embolic sources. Aims: To review the use of MRI in the identification of cardiac and vascular embolic sources in ESUS and to assess the reclassification value of MRI examinations added to the conventional workup of ESUS. Summary of review: We reviewed the use of cardiac and vascular MRI for the identification of a variety of embolic sources associated with ESUS, including atrial cardiomyopathy, left ventricular pathologies, and supracervical atherosclerosis in carotid and intracranial arteries and in distal thoracic aorta. The additional reclassification after MRI examinations added to the workup of patients with ESUS ranged from 6.1% to 82.3% and varied depending on the combination of imaging modalities. Conclusion: MRI techniques allow us to identify additional cardiac and vascular embolic sources and may further decrease the prevalence of patients with the diagnosis of ESUS.
Enhanced Anticancer Effect of Unripe Rubus occidentalis on Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Kee Keun H. , Lee Tae-Bum , Kwon Ji W. , Han Song Iy 
Published: July 2023

Background Black raspberry ( Rubus occidentalis L.) has various bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Recently, it has been proposed that the pharmacological efficacy of black raspberry varies with its maturation stage. In the current study, we explored the relationship between maturation stage and anticancer activity in gastric cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods Black raspberry extracts were prepared from both ripe samples 41 days after the fruit set and unripe samples 22 days after the fruit set. Their anticancer activities were compared by assessing the effects on proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness, and clonogenicity in gastric cancer cell lines. Results Both the ripe and unripe black raspberry samples were effective in inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and clonogenic activity. However, the unripe black raspberry extract showed a stronger effect on these activities compared to ripe black raspberry extract. Additionally, the unripe fruit extract increased apoptotic body formation, caspase-3 activity, Bak expression and decreased Bcl2 expression. Furthermore, the unripe black raspberry sample was found to contain higher contents of ellagic acid and gallic acid, and had a stronger suppressive effect on p-ERK and p-AKT protein levels compared to the ripe black raspberry sample. Conclusion Unripe black raspberry has greater anti-cancer effects than fully ripe black raspberry in gastric cancer cells.
Avatrombopag treatment response in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: the REAL-AVA 1.0 study
Authors: Oladapo Abiola , Kolodny Scott , Vredenburg Michael , Swallow Elyse , Goldschmidt Debbie , Sarathy Kirthana , Lopez Priscilla , Maitland Hillary , Yee John 
Published: July 2023

Background: Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) are used to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), a disorder characterized by prolonged low platelet counts (PCs) that pose a risk of serious bleeding episodes. Avatrombopag (AVA) is the most recently approved TPO-RA for the treatment of chronic ITP. A high proportion of patients responded to AVA in clinical trials, and treatment was well-tolerated; however, limited real-world effectiveness data have been reported to date. Objectives: To describe demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes following the initiation of AVA in patients with ITP in the United States. Design: This is a retrospective study using administrative claims data from the Komodo Healthcare Map (1 February 2017 to 28 February 2022) linked with PC laboratory data. Methods: Patients with ⩾1 diagnosis of ITP, ⩾1 paid prescription for AVA (index date), and ⩾1 month of pharmacy coverage after AVA initiation were selected. Baseline characteristics and follow-up steroid, immunosuppressant, and rescue medication use were described. The percentage of patients achieving clinically meaningful PC thresholds (⩾30 × 109/l) were assessed among patients with ⩾1 PC following AVA initiation and prior to AVA discontinuation/switch (effectiveness subgroup). Results: A total of 205 patients met eligibility criteria and 49% reported TPO-RA use in the prior 6 months. Approximately 70% and 93% of patients did not require use of steroid or immunoglobulin rescue medication during follow-up, respectively. Among patients with concomitant steroid ( n = 75) or immunosuppressant ( n = 7) use at AVA initiation, 35% and 57% discontinued those treatments, respectively. Of the 21 patients in the effectiveness subgroup, 81% achieved clinically meaningful PC thresholds. Conclusion: A high proportion of evaluable patients with ITP in this real-world study achieved clinically meaningful PCs, without requiring rescue medication during AVA treatment, with many able to discontinue baseline concomitant steroid or immunosuppressant utilization. Despite limited availability of PC data, these results are consistent with results from the AVA pivotal clinical trials.
Decreased Synovial Fluid Ghrelin Level Is Associated With Acute Cartilage Injury in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Authors: Jin Danjie , Liu Ruiping , Xu Nanwei 
Published: July 2023

Background: Ghrelin, an amino acid hormone secreted primarily from the stomach, can regulate bone metabolism, regulate inflammation via suppressing proinflammatory cytokines, and suppress expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Purpose: To measure synovial fluid levels of ghrelin in young patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear to assess the role of ghrelin as a potential biomarker for cartilage injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: This study included 120 patients who underwent ACL reconstructionbetween January 1, 2016, and May 31, 2021. We categorized 60 patients with acute cartilage injury (International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society grade 2 or 3) as the acute group and 60 patients with no acute cartilage injury as the nonacute group, with the healthy contralateral knee of each patient acting as the control group (n = 120). Synovial fluid samples were collected from the knees in the operating room before ACL reconstruction. We assessed the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin (IL)-6, MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-13, as well as serum ghrelin level and Mankin score, and results were compared between the 3 study groups with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Lower serum ghrelin levels in the synovial fluid were found in the acute group compared with the nonacute group and healthy controls (232.4 vs 434.4 vs 421.5 pg/mL, respectively; P < .001). Ghrelin level in the synovial fluid was significantly and positively correlated with IL-6 ( r = 0.4223; P < .0001), MMP-13 ( r = 0.3402; P < .0001), and Mankin score ( r = 0.1453; P = .0244). Conclusion: In patients with ACL injury, ghrelin synovial fluid was significantly differently expressed in patients with cartilage injury and no cartilage injury. Clinical Relevance: Ghrelin synovial fluid has the potential to be a biomarker to predict acute cartilage injury in patients with ACL injury.