bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gurney Flap on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Flapping Foil: Micro-Aerial Vehicle Application
Authors: Zuberi U. A. , Shahzad A. , Qadri M. N. Mumtaz , Shams T. A. , Zhao F. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Even with its small size, the Gurney flap (GF) can help considerably in increasing the lift of foils and wings. To exploit this feature, the objective of this research was to numerically study the effects of this flow control device on the aerodynamic performance of oscillating foils for micro-aerial vehicle (MAV) applications. Three sets of each important parameter were selected: the height (0.01c, 0.04c, and 0.16c), angle (45 deg, 90 deg, and 135 deg) and location from trailing edge (T.E, 0.05c and 0.1c). A two-dimensional laminar, incompressible Navier–Stokes equation solver was used to computationally investigate the effect of the Gurney flap on the aerodynamic performance of a flat plate (chord length = 10 mm and thickness = 0.03c). It was found that the best aerodynamic performance was obtained when the Gurney flap was installed at the trailing edge with a height of 0.04c and mount angle of 90 deg. The height of the Gurney flap had a major impact on aerodynamic performance. Results showed an increase of 23.5% in mean lift coefficient, 15.5% in maximum lift coefficient, and 5% in power economy as compared to flat plate, which is accredited to the increase in effective camber and the formation of counter-rotating vortices, decreasing the adverse pressure gradient. The weakening of counter-rotating vortices downstream of Gurney flap could also be the contributing factor to its good performance. The results suggest that the Gurney flap may be useful in enhancing the performance of wings for bio-inspired flapping wing MAVs.
Analysis of Convergence Behavior for the Overset Mesh Based Numerical Wave Tank in openfoam
Authors: Chen Hao , Qian Ling , Cao Deping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a solution verification and validation study for an overset mesh based numerical wave tank in openfoam, which considers the coupling between a free-surface hydrodynamic flow model, a rigid body motion model, and an overset mesh. The coupling between the rigid body motion solver and the free-surface flow solver was achieved in a segregated manner. Free decay of roll motion of a barge was modeled using the numerical wave tank, and the damping coefficient was selected as the target quantity for solution verification. The least-square based solution verification procedure was adopted, where one of the four types of error estimators was fit to the data in the least-square sense. Both structured and unstructured mesh were tested, and their effects on the convergence order, numerical uncertainty, and error were carefully investigated. From the numerical tests, it is found that the numerical wave tank exhibits a very good convergence property for the floating body problems with structured mesh, i.e., nearly second order in space and first order in time. However, when switching the body-fitted mesh to unstructured mesh, the grid convergence is reduced to first order. Unstructured mesh does not significantly affect the convergence order in time domain, but results in a larger uncertainty due to data scattering.
Knudsen Maximum Effect in Micro-Scale Gas Lubrication
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Gu Xiaojun , Yang Qin , Zhao Wei , Jiang Feilong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Micro-scale gas lubrication has been studied for several decades, with extensive research on non-equilibrium flow effects like velocity slip and thermal creep. However, the Knudsen maximum effect in micro-scale gas lubrication has not been reported yet. To address this, we analyzed the load capacity characteristics of slider bearings with ultra-thin film gas lubrication equations derived from the linearized Boltzmann-Bathnagar–Gross–Krook model equation (Fukui–Kaneko lubrication model) under the condition of constant bearing number. Our study reveals that there exists a maximum value of load capacity for slider bearings when the reference Knudsen number is about unity. This happens because the dimensionless mass flowrate of micro-scale gas flows has a minimum value when the reference Knudsen number approaches unity. Understanding the Knudsen maximum effect is crucial when designing micro-nano devices related to gas lubrication, as it implies that there exists an optimum clearance for maximum load capacity.
FlgM is required to evade NLRC4-mediated host protection against flagellated
Salmonella
Authors: López-Yglesias Américo Harry , Lu Chun-Chi , Lai Marvin A. , Quarles Ellen K. , Zhao Xiaodan , Hajjar Adeline M. , Smith Kelly D. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and a deadly pathogen in children, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly.
Salmonella
induces innate immune responses through the NLRC4 inflammasome, which has been demonstrated to have distinct roles during systemic and mucosal detections of flagellin and non-flagellin molecules. We hypothesized that NLRC4 recognition of
Salmonella
flagellin is the dominant protective pathway during infection. To test this hypothesis, we used wild-type, flagellin-deficient, and flagellin-overproducing
Salmonella
to establish the role of flagellin in mediating NLRC4-dependent host resistance during systemic and mucosal infections in mice. We observed that during the systemic phase of infection,
Salmonella
efficiently evades NLRC4-mediated innate immunity. During mucosal
Salmonella
infection, flagellin recognition by the NLRC4 inflammasome pathway is the dominant mediator of protective innate immunity. Deletion of
flgM
results in constitutive expression of flagellin and severely limits systemic and mucosal
Salmonella
infections in an NLRC4 inflammasome-dependent manner. These data establish that recognition of
Salmonella’s
flagellin by the NLRC4 inflammasome during mucosal infection is the dominant innate protective pathway for host resistance against the enteric pathogen and that FlgM-mediated evasion of the NLRC4 inflammasome enhances virulence and intestinal tissue destruction.
Submandibular nodal schwannoma: where did it come from?
Authors: Abdul Razak Siti Farhana , Gendeh Hardip Singh , Idris Anuar 
Published: August 2023

SummarySchwannoma, a type of benign neurological tumour arising from Schwann cells, is commonly seen in the head and neck region. However, the incidence of cervical lymph node schwannoma is extremely rare, with only two cases reported in the literature. Schwannomatosis is a disease characterised by a constellation of multiple schwannomas seen in a patient, guided by at least one confirmational histological diagnosis. This is a case of a painless progressively enlarging submandibular swelling which is confirmed as a schwannoma based on histology. The patient is also diagnosed with schwannomatosis as the patient has multiple neurological tumours. Nodal schwannoma has a good prognosis and no documentation of recurrence in the literature. It may arise from sympathetic nerves located within the lymph node.
Repurposed drug studies on the primary prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Guiling , Verweij Stefan , Bijlsma Maarten J , de Vos Stijn , Oude Rengerink Katrien , Pasmooij Anna Maria Gerdina , van Baarle Debbie , Niesters Hubert G M , Mol Peter , Vonk Judith M , Hak Eelko 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveCurrent evidence on the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis is inconclusive. We aimed to systematically evaluate published studies on repurposed drugs for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 among healthy adults.DesignSystematic review.EligibilityQuantitative experimental and observational intervention studies that evaluated the effectiveness of repurposed drugs for the primary prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 disease.Data sourcePubMed and Embase (1 January 2020–28 September 2022).Risk of biasCochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions tools were applied to assess the quality of studies.Data analysisMeta-analyses for each eligible drug were performed if ≥2 similar study designs were available.ResultsIn all, 65 (25 trials, 40 observational) and 29 publications were eligible for review and meta-analyses, respectively. Most studies pertained to hydroxychloroquine (32), ACE inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (11), statin (8), and ivermectin (8). In trials, hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis reduced laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (risk ratio: 0.82 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.90), I2=48%), a result largely driven by one clinical trial (weight: 60.5%). Such beneficial effects were not observed in observational studies, nor for prognostic clinical outcomes. Ivermectin did not significantly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR: 0.35 (95% CI 0.10 to 1.26), I2=96%) and findings for clinical outcomes were inconsistent. Neither ACEi or ARB were beneficial in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most of the evidence from clinical trials was of moderate quality and of lower quality in observational studies.ConclusionsResults from our analysis are insufficient to support an evidence-based repurposed drug policy for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis because of inconsistency. In the view of scarce supportive evidence on repurposing drugs for COVID-19, alternative strategies such as immunisation of vulnerable people are warranted to prevent the future waves of infection.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021292797.
Trends in survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm and its association with bystander resuscitation: a retrospective study
Authors: Hong Tuan Ha Vivien , Jost Daniel , Bougouin Wulfran , Joly Guillaume , Jouffroy Romain , Jabre Patricia , Beganton Frankie , Derkenne Clément , Lemoine Sabine , Frédéric Lemoine , Lamhaut Lionel , Loeb Thomas , Revaux François , Dumas Florence , Trichereau Julie , Stibbe Olivier , Deye Nicolas , Marijon Eloi , Cariou Alain , Jouven Xavier , Travers Stephane 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveOver 300 000 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) occur each year in the USA and Europe. Despite decades of investment and research, survival remains disappointingly low. We report the trends in survival after a ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia OHCA, over a 13-year period, in a French urban region, and describe the simultaneous evolution of the rescue system.MethodsWe investigated four 18-month periods between 2005 and 2018. The first period was considered baseline and included patients from the randomised controlled trial ‘DEFI 2005’. The three following periods were based on the Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center Registry (France). Inclusion criteria were non-traumatic cardiac arrests treated with at least one external electric shock with an automated external defibrillator from the basic life support team and resuscitated by a physician-staffed ALS team. Primary outcome was survival at hospital discharge with a good neurological outcome.ResultsOf 21 781 patients under consideration, 3476 (16%) met the inclusion criteria. Over all study periods, survival at hospital discharge increased from 12% in 2005 to 25% in 2018 (p<0.001), and return of spontaneous circulation at hospital admission increased from 43% to 58% (p=0.004).Lay-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and telephone CPR (T-CPR) rates increased significantly, but public defibrillator use remained limited.ConclusionIn a two-tiered rescue system, survival from OHCA at hospital discharge doubled over a 13-year study period. Concomitantly, the system implemented an OHCA patient registry and increased T-CPR frequency, despite a consistently low rate of public defibrillator use.
Prevalence and distribution of vascular calcifications at CT scan in patients with and without large vessel vasculitis: a matched cross-sectional study
Authors: Besutti Giulia , Marvisi Chiara , Mancuso Pamela , Farì Roberto , Monelli Filippo , Revelli Matteo , Durmo Rexhep , Galli Elena , Muratore Francesco , Spaggiari Lucia , Ottone Marta , Luminari Stefano , Pattacini Pierpaolo , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Salvarani Carlo 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the prevalence, entity and local distribution of arterial wall calcifications evaluated on CT scans in patients with large vessel vasculitis (LVV) and patients with lymphoma as reference for the population without LVV.MethodsAll consecutive patients diagnosed with LVVs with available baseline positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) scan performed between 2007 and 2019 were included; non-LVV patients were lymphoma patients matched by age (±5 years), sex and year of baseline PET-CT (≤2013; >2013). CT images derived from baseline PET-CT scans of both patient groups were retrospectively reviewed by a single radiologist who, after setting a threshold of minimum 130 Hounsfield units, semiautomatically computed vascular calcifications in three separate locations (coronaries, thoracic and abdominal arteries), quantified as Agatston and volume scores.ResultsA total of 266 patients were included. Abdominal artery calcifications were equally distributed (mean volume 3220 in LVVs and 2712 in lymphomas). Being in the LVVs group was associated with the presence of thoracic calcifications after adjusting by age and year of diagnosis (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.35 to 12.66; p=0.013). Similarly, LVVs group was significantly associated with the volume score in the thoracic arteries (p=0.048). In patients >50 years old, calcifications in the coronaries were more extended in non-LVV patients (p=0.027 for volume).ConclusionWhen compared with patients without LVVs, LVVs patients have higher calcifications in the thoracic arteries, but not in coronary and abdominal arteries.
Disordered eating is not associated with musculoskeletal injury in university athletes
Authors: O'Connell S. , Brenner I. , Scheid J.L. , West S.L. 
Published: August 2023

Athletes have a greater risk of developing disordered eating (DE) behaviours than non-athletes. Literature suggests that DE is associated with injury in female athletes; however, these associations are understudied in both female and male athletes. Our objective was to examine the association between DE and injuries in varsity athletes. In this cross-sectional study, varsity student athletes attending a Canadian university completed an anonymous online survey. The survey included questions regarding demographics, injury occurrence, and the Disordered Eating Screen for Athletes (DESA-6; a score ≥3 is indicative of DE). Athletes were categorized by DE status and injury occurrence. Chi-square tests were performed to assess the relationship between these variables. Musculoskeletal injury frequency was compared between DE and non-DE groups using a Mann–Whitney test. Fifty-six varsity athletes ( N = 37 females, 66.1%) with a mean age of 20.1 ± 1.3 years participated in this study. DE was not associated with injury occurrence ( p = 0.73), and musculoskeletal injury frequency did not differ between DE and non-DE groups ( p = 0.50). However, both injury and DE were prevalent as 73.2% of participants reported injuries and 33.9% had positive DESA-6 scores. These findings highlight the need to address DE and injuries in athletes and could encourage the implementation of strategies to reduce their prevalence in sport. Take home message Musculoskeletal injuries and disordered eating are prevalent in varsity-level athletes but are not associated in our participants.
Determining ages of conifer trees with resistance microdrilling
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Houjiang Zhang , Zhenbo Xin , Fenglu Liu , Haiou Song , Jiangyu Yuan 
Published: August 2023

This study verified the potential for determining the age of conifer trees using resistance microdrilling. A laboratory investigation, comparison of resistance microdrilling and counting branch whorls, and dating of old trees in a historic heritage site were conducted in this study. Two methods were proposed to determine the drilling path for resistance microdrilling. The results showed that resistance microdrilling is suitable for non-destructive testing (NDT) of living conifer trees. Moreover, the drilling path deviation must not exceed 15° to obtain reliable results. The absolute detection error of resistance microdrilling was within ± 3 years for young trees (age < 40 years old), within ± 5 years for old trees, and the relative error for all trees was less than 10%. The two methods for determining the drilling path proposed in this study are recommended for aligning the needle with the pith. For trees with a DBH exceeding the range of a resistance microdrill, the pith and age may be determined by using a “two-way drilling” in a forward and then reverse direction.
Reconstruction of ΛCDM model from f(T) gravity in viscous-fluid universe with observational constraints
Authors: Pradhan Anirudh , Dixit Archana , Zeyauddin M. 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we reconstruct an [Formula: see text] function from [Formula: see text]CDM model and obtained field equations for this function [Formula: see text] in a flat FLRW viscous-fluid dusty universe, where [Formula: see text] is the torsion scalar, [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary constant and [Formula: see text] is the cosmological constant. We have solved the field equations and obtained an scale factor [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] as an integrating constant and [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary constant generated from viscous fluid, and this type of scale factor gives a time-dependent deceleration parameter. We have made observational constraints on Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] and apparent magnitude [Formula: see text] with observational datasets [Formula: see text] data and SNe Ia data by applying [Formula: see text]-test, to obtain the best-fit values of model parameters. Using these values of cosmological parameters, we have discussed our model results. We have obtained a transit phase accelerating quintessence dark energy model in viscous-fluid universe with effective equation of state ([Formula: see text]).
Edoxaban for 12 Months Versus 3 Months in Patients With Cancer With Isolated Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis (ONCO DVT Study): An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yamashita Yugo , Morimoto Takeshi , Muraoka Nao , Oyakawa Takuya , Umetsu Michihisa , Akamatsu Daijirou , Nishimoto Yuji , Sato Yukihito , Takada Takuma , Jujo Kentaro , Minami Yuichiro , Ogihara Yoshito , Dohi Kaoru , Fujita Masashi , Nishikawa Tatsuya , Ikeda Nobutaka , Hashimoto Go , Otsui Kazunori , Mori Kenta , Sueta Daisuke , Tsubata Yukari , Shoji Masaaki , Shikama Ayumi , Hosoi Yutaka , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Chatani Ryuki , Tsukahara Kengo , Nakanishi Naohiko , Kim Kitae , Ikeda Satoshi , Mo Makoto , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kimura Takeshi ,   on behalf of the ONCO DVT Study Investigators
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
The optimal duration of anticoagulation therapy for isolated distal deep vein thrombosis in patients with cancer is clinically relevant, but the evidence is lacking. The prolonged anticoagulation therapy could have a potential benefit for prevention of thrombotic events; however, it could also increase the risk of bleeding.

METHODS:
In a multicenter, open-label, adjudicator-blinded, randomized clinical trial at 60 institutions in Japan, we randomly assigned patients with cancer with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis, in a 1-to-1 ratio, to receive either a 12-month or 3-month edoxaban treatment. The primary end point was a composite of a symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) or VTE-related death at 12 months. The major secondary end point was major bleeding at 12 months, according to the criteria of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The primary hypothesis was that a 12-month edoxaban treatment was superior to a 3-month edoxaban treatment with respect to the primary end point.

RESULTS:
From April 2019 through June 2022, 604 patients were randomized, and after excluding 3 patients who withdrew consent, 601 patients were included in the intention-to-treat population: 296 patients in the 12-month edoxaban group and 305 patients in the 3-month edoxaban group. The mean age was 70.8 years, 28% of the patients were men, and 20% of the patients had symptoms of deep vein thrombosis at baseline. The primary end point of a symptomatic recurrent VTE event or VTE-related death occurred in 3 of the 296 patients (1.0%) in the 12-month edoxaban group and in 22 of the 305 patients (7.2%) in the 3-month edoxaban group (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.44). The major secondary end point of major bleeding occurred in 28 of the 296 patients (9.5%) in the 12-month edoxaban group and in 22 of the 305 patients (7.2%) in the 3-month edoxaban group (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.75–2.41). The prespecified subgroups did not affect the estimates on the primary end point.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with cancer with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis, 12 months was superior to 3 months for an edoxaban treatment with respect to the composite outcome of a symptomatic recurrent VTE or VTE-related death.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03895502.
Microaggression toward LGBTIQ people and implications for mental health: A systematic review
Authors: Marchi Mattia , Travascio Antonio , Uberti Daniele , De Micheli Edoardo , Quartaroli Fabio , Laquatra Giuseppe , Grenzi Pietro , Pingani Luca , Ferrari Silvia , Fiorillo Andrea , Converti Manlio , Pinna Federica , Amaddeo Francesco , Ventriglio Antonio , Mirandola Massimo , Galeazzi Gian M 
Published: August 2023

Background: Research suggests that microaggressions detrimentally impact the mental health of members of marginalized social groups. Aims: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the exposure to microaggressions and related implications on mental health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, and Queer (LGBTIQ) people. Method: Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched until January 2023. Studies reporting data on the exposure to microaggressions toward LGBTIQ people were identified. Meta-analyses of rates of exposure to microaggression and of the association between microaggressions and mental health outcomes were based on odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), estimated through inverse variance models with random effects. Results: The review process led to the selection of 17 studies, involving a total of 9036 LGBTIQ people, of which 6827 identifying as cisgenders, and 492 as heterosexuals, were included in the quantitative synthesis. Overall, LGBTIQ people showed an increased risk of microaggression (SMD: 0.89; 95% CI [0.28, 1.50]), with Transgender people having the highest risk ( OR: 10.0; 95% CI [3.08, 32.4]). Microaggression resulted associated with risk of depression (SMD: 0.21; 95% CI [0.05, 0.37]), anxiety (SMD: 0.29; 95% CI [0.17, 0.40]), suicide attempts ( OR: 1.13; 95% CI [1.08, 1.18]), alcohol abuse ( OR: 1.32; 95% CI [1.13, 1.54]), but not to suicidal ideation ( OR: 1.56; 95% CI [0.64, 3.81]) and cannabis abuse ( OR: 1.44; 95% CI [0.82, 2.55]). The quality of the evidence was limited by the small number of studies. Conclusions: LGBTIQ people are at higher risk of microaggressions compared with their cisgender/heterosexual peers, which may lead to mental health consequences. This evidence may contribute to public awareness of LGBTIQ mental health needs and suggest supportive strategies as well as preventive interventions (e.g., supportive programs and destigmatizing efforts) as parts of tailored health-care planning aimed to reduce psychiatric morbidity in this population.