bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of patients referred for asymptomatic neutropenia: A focus on racial disparities in hematology
Authors: Oyogoa Emmanuella , Mathews Rick , Olson Sven , DeLoughery Thomas , Shatzel Joseph J. , Martens Kylee L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAsymptomatic neutropenia is a common hematology referral, though standardized reference ranges and published clinical outcomes are lacking.MethodsIn our retrospective analysis, we evaluated demographics, laboratory, and clinical outcomes of adult patients referred to an academic hematology practice for evaluation of neutropenia from 2010 to 2018. Primary and secondary outcomes included incidence of hematologic disorders and rates of Duffy‐null positivity by race, respectively. In a separate analysis, we reviewed absolute neutrophil count (ANC) reference ranges from publicly available Association of American Medical Colleges Medical School Member laboratory directories to assess institutional variations.ResultsIn total, 163 patients were included, with disproportionate number of Black patients referred compared to local demographics. Twenty‐three percent of patients (n = 38) were found to have a clinically relevant hematologic outcome (mean ANC of 0.59 × 109/L), and only six were identified with ANC ≥1.0 × 109/L. Incidence of hematologic outcomes was lowest among Black patients (p = .05), and nearly all Blacks who underwent Duffy‐null phenotype testing were positive (93%), compared to 50% of Whites (p = .04). In separate review of laboratory directories, we confirmed wide variation in ANC lower limit of normal (0.91–2.40 × 109/L).ConclusionHematologic disorders were rare in patients with mild neutropenia and among Blacks, highlighting the need to standardize hematological ranges representative of non‐White communities.
Traditional echoes, contemporary shifts: Chinese college students' views of the “good mother”
Authors: Nie Tana Xiaoguang , Zhang Qianqian , Bowcher Wendy L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this research was to investigate contemporary Chinese college students' perceptions of the “good mother.”BackgroundIncreased lifestyle and self‐fulfillment choices have recently become available for college‐age students in China. However, there is government, societal, and family pressure for women to be married, ideally by 25 years of age, and to bear children as a patriotic and socially stabilizing duty.MethodA qualitative study using thematic analysis to code data from semistructured interviews with 20 male and female college students.ResultsFive attributes of a good mother were identified: “is a guide,” “is loving,” “communicates with her child as with a friend,” “is not overcontrolling,” and “balances paid work and time with her child.”ConclusionThis study contributes to ongoing research across cultures and societies, which aims to understand what young adults believe to be a “good mother” and how this may affect their future parenting practices. Within the Chinese context, perceptions of a “good mother” include traditional echoes—for example, mother as primary caregiver—mixed with contemporary ideas—for example, pursuing the right to seek personal fulfillment and financial autonomy and a move away from a top‐down authoritarian style of parenting. Gendered perceptions of physical punishment, childrearing anxiety, and parental sacrifice were identified.ImplicationsFuture policymakers should provide greater social and workplace options and implement support services to alleviate the anxiety women experience in their dual aspirations to succeed in paid work and to be good mothers. Educating men regarding their contribution to caregiving and the fostering of family harmony should also be prioritized.
The Adoption and Safe Families Act is not worth saving: The case for repeal
Authors: Trivedi Shanta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe controlling federal family regulation law, the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (“ASFA”), has long been criticized for unnecessarily terminating the rights of parents and leaving thousands of children in its wake without legal parents or any prospect for adoption. Critics highlight the irreparable destruction ASFA has caused the Black community, and many suggest that this result is by design, not disproportionate impact. As a result, a growing movement of impacted parents, advocates, and scholars have called for ASFA's total repeal. This article draws on the work of these parents, advocates, and scholars to argue that a law whose foundation is built on inherently prejudicial policies cannot be repaired; it must be dismantled in its entirety. Dismantling is necessary not only for practical legal reasons, but also because of the symbolic importance of repeal to those most impacted by the law and its attendant policies. Laws have expressive value, and as such, the repeal of harmful laws demonstrates our priorities, our beliefs and who we are as a society. This article examines previous attempts at reform to demonstrate that any attempt to amend ASFA would be insufficient to address its fundamental flaws. Finally, the article concludes by proposing a path forward that is led by impacted families, respects the right to family integrity and recognizes the importance of supporting and investing in communities.
The extreme 2016 wheat yield failure in France
Authors: Nóia Júnior Rogério de S. , Deswarte Jean‐Charles , Cohan Jean‐Pierre , Martre Pierre , van der Velde Marijn , Lecerf Remi , Webber Heidi , Ewert Frank , Ruane Alex C. , Slafer Gustavo A. , Asseng Senthold 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrance suffered, in 2016, the most extreme wheat yield decline in recent history, with some districts losing 55% yield. To attribute causes, we combined the largest coherent detailed wheat field experimental dataset with statistical and crop model techniques, climate information, and yield physiology. The 2016 yield was composed of up to 40% fewer grains that were up to 30% lighter than expected across eight research stations in France. The flowering stage was affected by prolonged cloud cover and heavy rainfall when 31% of the loss in grain yield was incurred from reduced solar radiation and 19% from floret damage. Grain filling was also affected as 26% of grain yield loss was caused by soil anoxia, 11% by fungal foliar diseases, and 10% by ear blight. Compounding climate effects caused the extreme yield decline. The likelihood of these compound factors recurring under future climate change is estimated to change with a higher frequency of extremely low wheat yields.
Characterisation of Three Sri Lankan Zircon Megacrysts as Potential Reference Materials for Microbeam U‐Pb Geochronology and Hf‐O‐Zr Isotope Measurements
Authors: Hu Pan , Luo Tao , Crowley James , Wu Yuanbao , Zhang Chenxi , Xia Xiaoping , Long Tao , Zhang Shaobing , Bao Zhian , Xu Lei , Feng Lanping , Zhang Wen , Hu Zhaochu 
Published: March 2023

In situ U‐Pb geochronology and hafnium, oxygen and zirconium isotope measurements in zircons using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) and ion microprobe techniques can provide essential isotopic data to constrain geological evolutionary histories. Developing reliable zircon reference materials is the cornerstone for in situ zircon chronology and isotopic studies. In this study, the homogeneity of U‐Pb ages and Hf‐O‐Zr isotope ratios in three Sri Lankan zircon megacrysts (SLZA, SLZB and SLZC) were investigated using multiple analytical methods. The obtained U, Th, Pb and Hf mass fractions of the SLZA zircon were 839 ± 56 μg g‐1 (1s), 151 ± 15 μg g‐1 (1s), 198 ± 28 μg g‐1 (1s) and 8635 ± 286 μg g‐1 (1s), respectively. The mass fractions of U, Th, Pb and Hf in the SLZB zircon were 1106 ± 106 μg g‐1 (1s), 331 ± 61 μg g‐1 (1s), 376 ± 57 μg g‐1 (1s) and 9673 ± 976 μg g‐1 (1s), respectively. The U, Th, Pb and Hf mass fractions determined in the SLZC zircon were 551 ± 35 μg g‐1 (1s), 111 ± 8 μg g‐1 (1s), 129 ± 18 μg g‐1 (1s) and 7881 ± 393 μg g‐1 (1s), respectively. The chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass‐spectrometry (CA‐ID‐TIMS) method yielded a Th‐corrected weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 556.94 ± 1.29 Ma (95% conf., n = 5) for the SLZA zircon, 552.90 ± 1.29 Ma (95% conf., n = 7) for the SLZB zircon and 560.83 ± 1.29 Ma (95% conf., n = 7) for the SLZC zircon. The obtained Hf isotopic compositions of the SLZA, SLZB and SLZC zircons determined with the solution MC‐ICP‐MS method were 0.281651 ± 0.000014 (2s, n = 10), 0.281704 ± 0.000008 (2s, n = 10) and 0.281676 ± 0.000006 (2s, n = 10), respectively. The obtained O isotopes of the SLZA and SLZB zircons measured with the laser fluorination method were 12.14 ± 0.56‰ (2s, n = 4) and 11.91 ± 0.30‰ (2s, n = 4), respectively. The Zr isotopes of the SLZA, SLZB and SLZC zircons determined with double spike TIMS analysis yielded mean δ94/90ZrSRM3169 values of ‐0.03 ± 0.06‰ (2s, n = 10), ‐0.03 ± 0.04‰ (2s, n = 10) and 0.00 ± 0.07‰ (2s, n = 8), respectively. The SLZA zircon can be used as a primary reference or quality control material for microbeam U‐Pb, Hf and Zr isotope measurements because of its slight heterogeneity. The U‐Pb, Hf and Zr isotopic compositions of the SLZB and SLZC megacrysts were homogeneous. The O isotopic compositions in the SLZA and SLZB zircon were slightly dispersed, indicating that these two megacrysts can only serve as secondary reference materials for microbeam O isotope measurements.
THE SINS OF THE FATHERS: LEONARD FORSTER'S REPLY TO AN EARLY CRITIC OF THE PENGUIN BOOK OF GERMAN VERSE1
Authors: Mason Catherine 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThis essay follows‐up on a reminiscence written by Leonard Forster for GLL in 1988. Forster was the editor of The Penguin Book of German Verse, first published in 1957. The anthology was intended for a post‐war British readership, particularly in schools, that seemed, despite everything, to have preserved an affectionate admiration for German poetry. Forster's selections often appear to have served as deliberate correctives to the ideological preferences of the previous generation's National Socialist critics, some of which had also resonated with several British Germanists. Shortly after publication, Forster received a letter from ‘Bernward Michaelsen’, who objected at great (though courteous) length to many of the anthology's inclusions. Forster and fellow German scholar S. H. Steinberg judged the writer to be an elderly German schoolteacher whose conservative literary taste had been formed after World War I. Forster's equally courteous and detailed response to Michaelsen's criticisms received no answer. What they did not know (although Steinberg came close to guessing) was that Michaelsen was actually Bernward Vesper, the eighteen‐year‐old son of Will Vesper, a notorious National Socialist editor and poet. Bernward's political trajectory from extreme right to left after his father's death was not unique for his generation but, unknown to Forster in 1988, had long since ended in tragedy.
A systematic review of adeno‐associated virus gene therapy clinical trials for HIV – A potential solution for patients with haemophilia and HIV?
Authors: Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Walsh Christopher E. , Schapiro Jonathan M. , Soffer Shelly , Klang Eyal , Kenet Gili 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn the past HIV infection was a common complication of haemophilia therapy. Gene therapy trials in Haemophilia patients using rAAV have shown promising results; Unfortunately, the majority of gene therapy trials studies have excluded HIV positive patients. We decided to systematically review the published clinical trials using rAAV for HIV prevention.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed to identify studies evaluating clinical trials using rAAV for HIV. The search was conducted using the MEDLINE/PubMed databases. Search keywords included ‘gene therapy’, ‘adeno‐associated virus’, ‘HIV’ and ‘clinical trial’.ResultsThree studies met our inclusion criteria. Two were phase 1 studies and one was a phase 2 study. One study examined an AAV coding for human monoclonal IgG1 antibody whereas the other two studies delivered a vector coding for viral protease and part of reverse transcriptase. All studies administered the vaccine intramuscularly and showed a response as well a good safety profile.DiscussionThe concept of using a viral vector to prevent a viral infection is revolutionary. Due to the paucity of information regarding application of any gene therapy in HIV patients and the potential use of gene therapy in haemophilia patients with HIV in the future warrants attention.
Necessity of prophylactic drainage tube in retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with open distal ureterectomy: A matched‐pair analysis
Authors: Hagimoto Hiroki , Kambe Takanari , Mine Yuta , Kokubun Hidetoshi , Hattori Yuto , Abe Yohei , Kubota Masashi , Tsutsumi Naofumi , Yamasaki Toshinari , Kawakita Mutsushi 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the necessity of prophylactic drain placement in retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with open distal ureterectomy for upper tract urothelial cancer.MethodsBetween July 2011 and March 2021, 200 patients with localized clinical Tis‐T3 upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with open distal ureterectomy. After removing the specimen, drainage tubes were placed on the renal beds and/or in the retrovesical spaces. Drain tubes were omitted for most patients after 2017. We compared the postoperative outcomes between the patients with drain placement (D+ group) and without drain placement (D− group) using propensity score matching.ResultsA total of 164 patients (90 in the D+ group and 74 in the D− group) were enrolled, and matched pairs of 108 patients were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications according to Clavien–Dindo grade in the two groups after the propensity score matching. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative lymphocele (n = 5 vs. 9, p = 0.395) and symptomatic lymphocele (n = 1 vs. 1, p = 1) between the two groups. The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the D− group (11 vs. 8 days, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsWe found that omitting the drainage tube after laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy did not increase postoperative complications or lymphocele and shortened the post‐hospital stay.
Intersection of social determinants of symptomatic breast cancer presentation in a rural setting: A critical ethnographic study
Authors: Kailemia Peter Ntoiti , Lee Elaine Carole , Renfrew Mary Josephine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore the determinants of time to presentation of women with breast cancer symptoms within a rural setting in Kenya.DesignA critical ethnographic study.MethodsData were collected between July 2019 and April 2020 using semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with 12 women and 23 disclosure recipients, respectively. Interviews and focus group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English and thematically analysed. Further analysis using an intersectional lens added new insights into the data. Ethics approval was obtained in both Kenya and United Kingdom.ResultsParticipants narrated their experiences from the time they self‐discovered breast cancer symptoms to the time they first came into contact with a healthcare professional. The core themes identified included local cancer knowledge, embodied experience, women's responses, social networks, cultural cancer schemas, gendered social structures and healthcare system experiences.ConclusionThe findings revealed that symptomatic women predominantly faced multiple intersecting barriers to timely presentation. The key drivers of timeliness to presentation of women with breast cancer symptoms were identified. Several proximal and distal determinants, including economic, social, psychological and cultural determinants intersected to shape women's timeliness to symptomatic presentation.ImpactThis study identified intersectional structural determinants to timely symptomatic presentation of women with breast cancer symptoms. The findings have global health implications for social inequalities in female breast cancer and may inform the development of intersectional interventions to promote timely symptomatic presentation. Furthermore, this study identified an additional interval, precursory interval and revision of the Model of pathway to treatment may be needed should this interval be validated by future studies.Patient or public contributionTo ensure the interview guides were culturally sensitive, they were co‐designed with a female breast cancer survivor, nurses providing reproductive health care to women and a bilingual expert. Both women and disclosure recipients participated in scheduling for the interviews, including the mutually agreeable days and time. Participants were frequently contacted during data analysis and report writing to clarify meaning of certain words or pieces of data.
A longitudinal study of free leptin index in pre‐eclamptic pregnancies
Authors: Garcés María Fernanda , Buell‐Acosta Julieth Daniela , Rodríguez‐Navarro Haiver Antonio , Páez‐Leal María Carolina , Maldonado‐Acosta Luis Miguel , Peralta‐Franco Jhon Jairo , Burgos‐Cardenas Álvaro Javier , Ángel‐Müller Edith , Parada‐Baños Arturo José , Parra‐Pineda Mario Orlando , Eslava‐Schmalbach Javier , Escobar‐Sarmiento Camilo Andrés , Lacunza Ezequiel , Caminos‐Cepeda Sofia Alexandra , Castaño Justo P. , Nogueiras Rubén , Dieguez Carlos , Ruiz‐Parra Ariel Iván , Caminos Jorge Eduardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ratio between circulating levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB‐R), the free leptin index (FLI), is used as a marker of leptin resistance. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the FLI in mild pre‐eclamptic pregnancies in a nested case–control study within a prospective observational study. Circulating levels of leptin and sOB‐R levels rise significantly during pregnancy in healthy (p < 0.05) (n = 46) and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies (p < 0.05) (n = 20). Serum levels of leptin were significantly higher in pre‐eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies at second and third trimesters of pregnancy (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum levels of sOB‐R were significantly lower in pre‐eclamptic pregnancies during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared to healthy pregnancies (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found that FLI did not vary significantly during pregnancy in healthy women (p > 0.05), while it increases in pre‐eclamptic pregnancies (p < 0.05). Indeed, FLI was significantly higher at second and third trimesters of pregnancy in pre‐eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies (p < 0.05). In addition, FLI was significantly higher in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed the ability of leptin (AUC = 0.72) and FLI (AUC = 0.67) as a reliable predictor for mild pre‐eclampsia during the second trimester of pregnancy. In conclusion, our findings show that FLI were significantly increased in mild pre‐eclamptic pregnancies and allowed us to hypothesize that this rise might alter leptin bioavailability and bioactivity which might lead to the sympathetic hyperactivity and the hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
Development and validation of a model to predict complex Mohs micrographic surgery in clinical practice: REGESMOSH scale
Authors: Montero‐Vilchez Trinidad , Garcés Joan R. , Rodríguez‐Prieto Manuel A. , Ruiz‐Salas Verónica , de Eusebio‐Murillo Esther , Miñano‐Medrano Román , Escutia‐Muñoz Begoña , González‐Sixto Beatriz , Artola‐Igarza Juan L. , Alfaro‐Rubio Alberto , Redondo Pedro , Delgado‐Jiménez Yolanda , Sánchez‐Schmidt Julia M. , Allende‐Markixana Irati , Alonso‐Pacheco María L. , García‐Bracamonte Beatriz , de la Cueva‐Dobao Pablo , Navarro‐Tejedor Raquel , Ciudad‐Blanco Cristina , Carnero‐González Lucía , Vázquez‐Veiga Hugo , Cano‐Martínez Natividad , Vilarrasa Eva , Sánchez‐Sambucety Pedro , López‐Estebaranz José L. , Botella‐Estrada Rafael , Feal‐Cortizas Juan Carlos , Martorell‐Calatayud Antonio , Gil Pilar , Morales‐Gordillo Victoriano , Toll‐Abelló Agustí , Ocerin‐Guerra Izascun , Mayor‐Arenal Matías , Suárez‐Fernández Ricardo , Sainz‐Gaspar Laura , Descalzo Miguel A. , Garcia‐Doval Ignacio , Sanmartin‐Jiménez Onofre ,   REGESMOHS (Registro Español de Cirugía de Mohs)
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is still a need to develop a simple algorithm to identify patients likely to need complex Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and optimize MMS schedule. The main objectives of this study are to identify factors associated with a complex MMS and develop a predictor model of the number of stages needed in surgery and the need for a complex closure.Materials and MethodsA nationwide prospective cohort study (REGESMOHS, the Spanish Mohs surgery registry) was conducted including all patients with a histological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Factors related to three or more stages and a complex closure (that needing a flap and/or a graft) were explored and predictive models were constructed and validated to construct the REGESMOSH scale.ResultsA total of 5226 patients that underwent MMS were included in the REGESMOHS registry, with 4402 (84%) having a histological diagnosis of BCC. A total of 3689 (88.9%) surgeries only needed one or two stages and 460 (11.1%) required three or more stages. A model to predict the need for three or more stages included tumour dimension, immunosuppression, recurrence, location in risk areas, histological aggressiveness and previous surgery. Regarding the closure type, 1616 (38.8%) surgeries were closed using a non‐complex closure technique and 2552 (61.2%) needed a complex closure. A model to predict the need for a complex closure included histological aggressiveness, evolution time, patient age, maximum tumour dimension and location.ConclusionWe present a model to predict MMS needing ≥3 stages and a complex closure based on epidemiological and clinical data validated in a large population (with real practice variability) including different centres that could be easily implemented in clinical practice. This model could be used to optimize surgery schedule and properly inform patients about the surgery duration.