bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint resource allocation and power allocation scheme forMIMOassistedNOMAsystem
Authors: Chandra Kothapalli Ramesh , Borugadda Somasekhar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple input multiple output (MIMO) plays an integral role in improving energy efficiency for enhancing all users' quality of service (QoS). For 5G wireless communication (WC), the NOMA strategy is used with the MIMO system to improve the system's sum rate and computational complexity. In this, terahertz (THz) band communication is introduced for future demand to carry more users and obtains high multiplexing gain. Multiple antenna arrays are used in the MIMO‐NOMA system to achieve high signal transmission. However, the use of antenna arrays increases as the number of users increases. A beam‐forming‐based signal transmission is introduced in this work to overcome this issue. For performing digital and Analog beam‐forming, a hybrid minimum mean square error (MMSE) with zero‐forcing (ZF) pre‐coder is proposed to eliminate the inter‐cluster interference. Initially, user clustering is undertaken using a fuzzy k‐means clustering (FKM) algorithm, and beam‐forming is performed among the user clustering. The joint power allocation (PA) and resource allocation (RA) is done using a hybrid artificial gorilla troop with leader optimization (HGTLO) technique to achieve a maximum sum rate of the RF channel. The performance of a proposed method is analyzed using the MATLAB tool. In the experimental scenario, the performance of energy efficiency (EE), spectral efficiency (SE), achievable sum rate, throughput, bit error rate (BER), and mean square error (MSE) attains the value of 35.82 bits/Hz/Joules, 198.11 bps/Hz, 116.78 Mbps, 93.06%, .003 and .011 respectively. The performance measures prove the efficacy of a proposed method.
Fortification of chocolates with high‐value‐added plant‐based substances: Recent trends, current challenges, and future prospects
Authors: Abedini Amirhossein , Dakhili Samira , Bazzaz Sara , Kamaladdin Moghaddam Saba , Mahmoudzadeh Maryam , Andishmand Hashem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh consumption of delicious foods, such as chocolates, is considered excellent snacks, capable of converting from health‐threatening to great functional foods. The fortification of chocolates with high‐value‐added plant‐based substances might improve their healthful effects, nutritional properties, and shelf life. Chocolate could be an effective carrier for plant‐based substances delivery, and it could be an effective vehicle to treat and reduce the indications of disease, such as obesity, overweight, hypertension, stress, cardiovascular failure, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. Referring to the recent studies in chocolate fortification with high‐value‐added plant‐based substances, it seems that the recent trends are toward its therapeutic effects against noncommunicable diseases. Despite the undeniable functional effects of fortified chocolates, there are some challenges in the fortification way of chocolates. In other words, their functional characteristics, such as rheological and sensory attributes, may undesirably change. It seems that encapsulation techniques, such as spray drying, antisolvent precipitation, nanoemulsification, and liposomal encapsulation, could almost overcome these challenges. Thus, several studies focused on designing and fabricating nanoscale delivery systems with the aim of chocolate fortification, which is discussed.
Synthetic mucus biomaterials for antimicrobial peptide delivery
Authors: Yang Sydney , Duncan Gregg A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the promise of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as treatments for antibiotic‐resistant infections, their therapeutic efficacy is limited due to the rapid degradation and low bioavailability of AMPs. To address this, we have developed and characterized a synthetic mucus (SM) biomaterial capable of delivering LL37 AMPs and enhancing their therapeutic effect. LL37 is an AMP that exhibits a wide range of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LL37 loaded SM hydrogels demonstrated controlled release with 70%–95% of loaded LL37 over 8 h due to charge‐mediated interactions between mucins and LL37 AMPs. Compared to treatment with LL37 alone where antimicrobial activity was reduced after 3 h, LL37‐SM hydrogels inhibited P. aeruginosa (PAO1) growth over 12 h. LL37‐SM hydrogel treatment reduced PAO1 viability over 6 h whereas a rebound in bacterial growth was observed when treated with LL37 only. These data demonstrate LL37‐SM hydrogels enhance antimicrobial activity by preserving LL37 AMP activity and bioavailability. Overall, this work establishes SM biomaterials as a platform for enhanced AMP delivery for antimicrobial applications.
Is There a Causal Relationship between Physical Activity and Bone Microarchitecture? A Study of Adult Female Twin Pairs
Authors: Nissen Frida Igland , Esser Vivienne F. C. , Bui Minh , Li Shuai , Hopper John L. , Bjørnerem Åshild , Hansen Ann Kristin 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe reasons for the association between physical activity (PA) and bone microarchitecture traits are unclear. We examined whether these associations were consistent with causation and/or with shared familial factors using a cross‐sectional study of 47 dizygotic and 93 monozygotic female twin pairs aged 31–77 years. Images of the nondominant distal tibia were obtained using high‐resolutionperipheral quantitative computed tomography. The bone microarchitecture was assessed using StrAx1.0 software. Based on a self‐completed questionnaire, a PA index was calculated as a weighted sum of weekly hours of light (walking, light gardening), moderate (social tennis, golf, hiking), and vigorous activity (competitive active sports) = light + 2 * moderate + 3 * vigorous. We applied Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) to test whether cross‐pair cross‐trait associations changed after adjustment for within‐individual associations. Within‐individual distal tibia cortical cross‐sectional area (CSA) and cortical thickness were positively associated with PA (regression coefficients [β] = 0.20 and 0.22), while the porosity of the inner transitional zone was negatively associated with PA (β = −0.17), all p < 0.05. Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and trabecular thickness were positively associated with PA (β = 0.13 and 0.14), and medullary CSA was negatively associated with PA (β = −0.22), all p ≤ 0.01. Cross‐pair cross‐trait associations of cortical thickness, cortical CSA, and medullary CSA with PA attenuated after adjustment for the within‐individual association (p = 0.048, p = 0.062, and p = 0.028 for changes). In conclusion, increasing PA was associated with thicker cortices, larger cortical area, lower porosity of the inner transitional zone, thicker trabeculae, and smaller medullary cavities. The attenuation of cross‐pair cross‐trait associations after accounting for the within‐individual associations was consistent with PA having a causal effect on the improved cortical and trabecular microarchitecture of adult females, in addition to shared familial factors. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Synthesis and photophysical properties of fluorescent 8,9‐diarylbenzo[def]carbazoles
Authors: Hsiao Huan‐Chang , Liang Jia‐Wei , Chen Pei‐Lin , Chuang Shih‐Ching 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBenzocarbazole has attracted much attention from scientists in the past few decades for a variety of applications in materials science.ObjectiveHerein we report the synthesis and photophysical properties of N‐acyl and N‐free 8,9‐diarylbenzo[def]carbazoles.MethodsThese benzo[def]carbazoles were prepared by Pd(II)‐catalyzed C‐H bond activation and deacetylation as the key steps, and their photophysical properties were studied by measurement of absorption and emission spectra in chloroform at room temperature.ResultsThe 8,9‐diarylbenzo[def]carbazoles show lower LUMO energy levels and smaller HOMO/LUMO gap compared to the parent benzo[def]carbazole, and the N‐unprotected 8,9‐diarylbenzo[def]carbazoles show more red‐shifted fluorescent emission compared to the N‐acyl ones. The absorption and emissionmaxima of these 8,9‐diaryl‐substituted benzo[def]carbazoles in CHCl3 were in the ranges of 278–350 and 365–426 nm, respectively, and with quantum yields (ΦF) up to 0.62.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the photophysical properties of 8,9‐diaryl substituted benzo[def]carbazoles with or without N‐acetyl group. These 8,9‐diaryl substituted benzo[def]carbazoles could be good candidates for the future development of functional organic molecules.
Fetal epicardial fat thickness in non‐severe idiopathic polyhydramnios: Its impact on fetal cardiac function and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Doğru Şükran , Akkuş Fatih 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) along with fetal myocardial performance index (MPI) and its effects on perinatal outcomes in non‐severe idiopathic polyhydramnios (IP).Materials and MethodsThis prospective study included 92 participants, 32 diagnosed with non‐severe IP, and 60 healthy pregnant women. Amniotic fluid indices (AFI), umbilical and middle cerebral artery Doppler, EFT, and MPI measurements were performed for all patients.ResultsThe fetal EFT and MPI values were statistically higher in the non‐severe IP group than in the control group (p = 0.0001, p = 0.014, respectively). The optimal fetal EFT cutoff value for predicting non‐severe IP disease was found as 1.3 mm with a specificity of 81.7% and sensitivity of 59.4%. The EFT cutoff for predicting cesarean section in non‐severe IP cases was 1.25 mm (p = 0.038). Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit, respiratory distress syndrome, and stillbirth rates were not different between groups.ConclusionIn this study, EFT and MPI were found to be higher in non‐severe IP cases compared to controls. It was observed that the increase in MPI and EFT was associated with the increase in cesarean rates, but not with adverse fetal outcomes.
The feeding apparatus of Rhea americana (Aves, Palaeognathae): Jaw myology and ontogenetic allometry
Authors: Picasso Mariana B. J. , Mosto Clelia , Tudisca Alejandro M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn birds, the jaw musculature is a crucial adaptive feature involved in feeding. The morphological traits and postnatal growth patterns of jaw muscles constitute a useful proxy to interpret feeding function and ecology. This study aims to describe the jaw muscles of Rhea americana and explore their postnatal growth pattern. A total of 20 specimens of R. americana representing four ontogenetic stages were studied. Jaw muscles were described, weighed and their proportions with respect to body mass were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to characterize ontogenetic scaling patterns. The morphological patterns of jaw muscles were characterized by their simplicity: bellies with few or no subdivisions and similar to those described for other flightless paleognathous birds. In all stages, the muscles pterygoideus lateralis, depressor mandibulae, and pseudotemporalis had the greatest mass values. The proportion of total jaw muscle mass decreased with age from 0.22% in 1‐month‐old chicks to 0.05% in adults. Linear regression analysis showed that all muscles scaled with negative allometry with respect to body mass. The progressive decrease of jaw muscle mass relative to body mass in adults could be related to the generation of less force, which is in accordance with the herbivorous diet of adults. In contrast, the diet of rhea chicks includes a large proportion of insects thus, this greater muscle proportion could be associated with the ability to generate more force, thus providing better abilities to grasp and hold more mobile prey.
Detecting Double Expression Status in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Using Multiparametric MRI Based Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Guoli , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Nan , Xiao Huafeng , Chen Xinjing , Ma Lin 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDouble expression lymphoma (DEL) is a subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) that often has a poor prognosis. Currently, there are limited noninvasive ways to detect protein expression.PurposeTo detect DEL in PCNSL using multiparametric MRI‐based machine learning.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationForty PCNSL patients were enrolled in the study among whom 17 were DEL (9 males and 8 females, 61.29 ± 14.14 years) and 23 were non‐DEL (14 males and 9 females, 55.57 ± 14.16 years) with 59 lesions (28 DEL and 31 non‐DEL).Field Strength/SequenceADC map derived from DWI (b = 0/1000 s/mm2), fast spin echo T2WI, T2FLAIR, and contrast‐enhanced T1 weighted imaging (T1CE) were collected at 3.0 T.AssessmentTwo raters manually segmented lesions by ITK‐SNAP on ADC, T2WI, T2FLAIR and T1CE. A total of 2234 radiomics features from the tumor segmentation area were extracted. The t‐test was conducted to filter the features, and elastic net regression algorithm combined with recursive feature elimination was used to calculate the essential features. Finally, 12 groups with combinations of different sequences were fitted to 6 classifiers, and the optimal models were selected.Statistical testsContinuous variables were assessed by the t‐test, while categorical variables were assessed by the non‐parametric test. Interclass correlation coefficient tested variables' consistency. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy F1‐score, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate model performance.ResultsDEL status could be identified to varying degrees with 72 models based on radiomics, and model performance could be improved by combining different sequences and classifiers. Both SVMlinear and logistic regression (LR) combined with four sequence group had similar largest AUCmean (0.92 ± 0.09 vs. 0.92 ± 0.05), and SVMlinear was considered as the optimal model in this study since the F1‐score of SVMlinear (0.88) was higher than that of LR (0.83).Data ConclusionMultiparametric MRI‐based machine learning is promising in DEL detection.Evidence Level4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Association between iron deficit repletion with ferric carboxymaltose relative to iron sucrose in children with inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kaenkumchorn Tanyaporn K. , Mark Dominique , Niedner Kara , Paratore Paul D. , Carlin Kristen , Merkouris Robert , Musburger Brooke , Suskind David L. , Zheng Hengqi B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and often require supplementation with iron. There is a paucity of literature regarding optimal iron formulation. The aim of this study is to compare outcomes in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving either iron sucrose or ferric carboxymaltose during inpatient hospitalizations.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease admitted for newly diagnosed disease or flare who received either iron sucrose or ferric carboxymaltose. Linear regression was used to assess differences in iron repletion. Longitudinal linear mixed‐effects models and generalized estimating equations compared hematologic and iron outcomes 6 months post–iron repletion.ResultsThirty patients received ferric carboxymaltose. Sixty‐nine patients received iron sucrose. Baseline hemoglobin and iron deficits were similar in both groups. A larger percentage of iron deficit was repleted in the ferric carboxymaltose group (81.4%) compared with iron sucrose (25.9%) (P < 0.001) with fewer infusions. Cumulative doses of ferric carboxymaltose administered (18.7 mg/kg) were higher than iron sucrose (6.1 mg/kg) (P < 0.001). Hemoglobin increased more quickly with ferric carboxymaltose compared with iron sucrose (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). Total iron binding capacity and red cell distribution width levels decreased more over time with ferric carboxymaltose vs iron sucrose (P < 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). No adverse effects were seen.ConclusionsHematologic and iron parameters responded more quickly with fewer infusions in patients who received ferric carboxymaltose vs iron sucrose. Patients who received ferric carboxymaltose achieved a higher percentage of iron deficit repleted.
Insight of molecular interactions between short‐chain tetraalkylammonium bromides and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide: A spectroscopic and thermodynamic approach
Authors: Chauhan Suvarcha , Negi Kiran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe influence of tetraalkylammonium salts, viz., tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, and tetrabutylammonium bromides (0.005, 0.010, 0.015 mol kg−1) on the micellar behavior of aqueous solutions of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 0.2–2 mmol kg−1) over the 298.15–313.15 K temperature range has been studied by conductometric method. From conductivity versus surfactant concentration plots, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CTAB has been determined, which shows that the tetraalkylammonium bromides promote the formation of CTAB aggregates. Further, from the temperature dependence of CMC values, the degree of ionization, the counterion binding constant along with some thermodynamic parameters of micellization, such as standard free energy change (), standard enthalpy change (), standard entropy change () have been calculated. From the values of , and , it has been concluded that our ternary system is both enthalpy as well as entropy controlled. Similar CMC values were obtained from UV–Visible spectrometry measurements, using pyrene as a probe at ambient temperature. Also 1H‐NMR and FTIR methods give a greater understanding of the molecular scale interactions between the tetraalkylammonium bromides and the cationic surfactant.
Study on reaction time depending on display parameters of gaming displays
Authors: Jin Yan , Kim Jaehong , Yoo Jang Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDisplay technology plays a significant role in gaming and, thus, display parameters are an important consideration when choosing a gaming display. In general, interest in display parameters such as contrast ratio, response time, refresh rate, and input lag in gaming displays is very high. In this article, we studied the reaction time of gaming displays, as a measure of game performance, with respect to different contrast ratios, response times, and refresh rates. Contrast ratio and response time turned out to be the key factors influencing reaction time. The higher the contrast ratio is, the shorter the reaction time tends to be. In addition, the faster the response time is, the shorter the reaction time is. Displays with high contrast ratio and fast response time are advantageous in terms of reaction time, which is also expected to be more advantageous in a fast‐paced real gaming environment.
Chronic stress and coping mechanisms among nurses in Lango sub‐region, northern Uganda
Authors: Kabunga Amir , Kigongo Eustes , Udho Samson , Auma Ann Grace , Okalo Ponsiano , Apili Brenda , Halimah Namata , Nalwoga Viola 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess chronic stress and coping mechanisms among nurses in Lango sub‐region, northern Uganda, conducted between May and June 2022.DesignInstitutional‐based cross‐sectional design conducted between May and June 2022.MethodsThe study included 498 participants recruited from six health facilities. A 12‐Item Short Form Survey tool was used to collect data on chronic stress, while a researcher‐developed questionnaire was used to collect data on coping strategies. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and multiple regression were conducted for data analysis. A p‐value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of 498 participants, 153 (30.7%) were aged between 31 and 40 years, 341 (68.5%) were female, 288 (57.8%) were married, and 266 (53.4%) had less than Diploma. Of the 498 participants, 351 (70.5%) experienced chronic stress. The protective factors against chronic stress were being married (AOR: 0.132; 95% CI: 0.043–0.408; p < 0.001), optimizing shift length (AOR: 0.056; 95% CI: 0.027–0.115; p < 0.001), religiosity/Spirituality (AOR: 2.750; 95% CI: 1.376–5.497; p = 0.004), and regular exercise and breaks (AOR: 0.405; 95% CI: 0.223–0.737; p = 0.003).
Measuring and explaining fiscal de/centralization: Empirical evidence from Ethiopia, 1995–2020
Authors: Yimenu Bizuneh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article provides an in‐depth analysis of fiscal decentralization in Ethiopia from 1994/95 to 2019/20, focusing on five fiscal categories: regional own‐source revenues, regional tax autonomy, regional borrowing, federal grants, and conditional grants. To measure fiscal de/centralization, the study constructs original data sets based on reports from various organizations over multiple years. The analysis results demonstrate that fiscal de/centralization varies temporally and spatially. While improved capacity is associated with enhanced own‐source revenue, the desire to improve regional fiscal management often results in fiscal centralization. Further, although Ethiopian regions have constitutional powers to determine the bases and rates of regional taxes, the central government has significant influence in such matters, often manipulating regional affairs in disregard of the constitution. The article reveals substantial variations of own‐source revenues across regions attributed to regional differences in capacity, development, location, and investment distribution. The article highlights the importance of a systematic understanding of region‐specific challenges to accurately assess the effectiveness of decentralization policies in the global South. Insights from Ethiopia are of great importance to policymakers looking to embrace fiscal decentralization in developing countries.