bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐seeking, intercultural health communication, and health outcomes: An intersectional study of ethnic minorities' lived experiences
Authors: Leung Dion Sik‐Yee , Ku Ben Hok‐Bun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore ethnic minorities' lived experiences of health‐seeking and healthcare utilization in Hong Kong, and to examine the impact of intersectionality of sociocultural identities on intercultural health communication.DesignQualitative exploratory design.MethodsData collection methods were semi‐structured interviews, unstructured observations, and unstructured informal group discussions. Twenty‐five informants, including eight Pakistanis, seven Nepalese, five Indians, four Bangladeshis and one Sri Lankan, were recruited using the snowball sampling method and individually interviewed between 25th June and 23rd September 2019.ResultsSixteen females and nine males, aged 21–76 years, were in the study. Two‐thirds could communicate in English, but eight required interpreters. Thematic analysis reveals four factors affecting intercultural health communication: healthcare professionals' cultural insensitivity, red‐tapism and ethnic minorities' language improficiency and/or deficiency in medical knowledge. Health professionals' workplace stress and cultural insensitivity prompt ineffective intercultural communication, making ethnic minority patients feel disrespected despite having adopted the Hong Kong culture. The intersectionality of sociocultural identities plus health professionals' blocking behaviours results in health inequalities.ConclusionThe unequal power relationship between health professionals and ethnic minority patients may lead to dehumanizing and depersonalized experiences for patients, as humanity is the heart and soul of medicine. Therefore, the government should raise healthcare providers' cultural sensitivity and diversity awareness, and offer ethno‐specific care and more interpretation services.ImpactThe study addresses health inequalities among Hong Kong ethnic minority patients with different sociocultural identities. About the impact of ineffective intercultural health communication on health inclusion and health outcomes, policies and practices should ameliorate health professionals' cultural sensitivity, awareness of the unequal power relationship and respect for diversity.Patient or Public ContributionReferred by organizations serving ethnic minorities, the minority patients shared their lived experiences in health‐seeking.
Does sexual conflict contribute to the evolution of novel warning patterns?
Authors: Hausmann Alexander E. , Freire Marília , Alfthan Sara A. , Kuo Chi‐Yun , Linares Mauricio , McMillan Owen , Pardo‐Diaz Carolina , Salazar Camilo , Merrill Richard M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhy warning patterns are so diverse is an enduring evolutionary puzzle. Because predators associate particular patterns with unpleasant experiences, an individual's predation risk should decrease as the local density of its warning pattern increases, promoting pattern monomorphism. DistastefulHeliconiusbutterflies are known for their diversity of warning patterns. Here, we explore whether interlocus sexual conflict can contribute to their diversification. MaleHeliconiususe warning patterns as mating cues, but mated females may suffer costs if this leads to disturbance, favouring novel patterns. Using simulations, we show that under our model conditions drift alone is unlikely to cause pattern diversification, but that sexual conflict can assist such a process. We also find that genetic architecture influences the evolution of male preferences, which track changes in warning pattern due to sexual selection. When male attraction imposes costs on females, this affects the speed at which novel pattern alleles increase. In two experiments, females laid fewer eggs with males present. However, although males in one experiment showed less interest in females with manipulated patterns, we found no evidence that female colouration mitigates sex‐specific costs. Overall, male attraction to conspecific warning patterns may impose an unrecognized cost onHeliconiusfemales, but further work is required to determine this experimentally.
A practical, predictable, and reliable method to select shades for direct resin composite restorations
Authors: Vargas Marcos , Saisho Hiromi , Maharishi Anvita , Margeas Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes a practical, predictable, and reliable method to select shades for direct composite restorations using custom shade guides made of resin composite at hand using a process of eliminationClinical ConsiderationsEsthetics in direct resin composite restorations depends on the clinician's ability to reproduce the shape and shade of natural teeth, thus appropriate shade selection is a must. This method presented in this article simplifies the process of shade selection for direct resin composite restorations. The use of custom shades tabs made of commecially available resin composites, its arrangment and a process of elimination of tabs during shade selection allows the practitioner to obtain the best possible resin composite shade available for every case.ConclusionsThe use of custom shade guide tabs and an elimination protocol facilitates and expedites the process of shade selection for direct resin compositesClinical SignificanceThe article presents a practical, predictable, and reliable method to select shades for direct resin composite restorations for daily practice.
Reproductive phase–dependent and sexually dimorphic expression of leptin and its receptor in different parts of brain of spotted snakehead Channa punctata
Authors: Bakshi Amrita , Rai Umesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reproductive phase‐wise leptin (lep) and its receptor (lepr) expression in different parts of the brain of adult male and female spotted snakehead Channa punctata reveals sexual dimorphism in the brain leptin system. In anterior, middle and posterior parts of the brain of males, a maximum lep was observed in resting, spawning and postspawning reproductive phases, respectively. In females, a high level of lep was seen during the preparatory phase in the anterior brain, preparatory and postspawning phases in the middle brain and resting and postspawning phases in the posterior brain. Nonetheless, the transcript level of lepr was recorded highest during the spawning phase, irrespective of sex and region of the brain. Regardless of the reproductive state of fishes, lep and lepr were seen considerably high in middle and posterior parts of male brain than that of female, implying the involvement of factors other than sex steroids for sex‐related variation in the leptin system in these regions of the brain. Nonetheless, no sex difference was evidenced in the expression of either ligand or its receptor in the anterior brain. In summary, the presence of lep and lepr in different regions of the brain and variation in their expression depending on sex and reproductive phases raise the possibility of pivotal actions of leptin in influencing neuronal circuitry and thereby reproductive functions.
Cost/effectiveness analysis of treatment options for the rehabilitation of the total edentulous mandible
Authors: Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Luciano Rossella , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Lo Russo Lucio , Muzio Lorenzo Lo , Mascitti Marco , Troiano Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral solutions are available for the rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Each treatment option is characterised by specific advantages and drawbacks.ObjectiveThe aim of this research was to perform a cost‐effectiveness (CE) analysis of the main rehabilitative solutions of totally edentulous mandibles.MethodsDecision tree models were built using TreeAge Pro Healthcare 2021 software to compare the following strategies: Conventional Denture (CD), Overdenture retained by two implants (OD‐2), Overdenture retained by a bar on two implants (ODbar), Overdenture retained by 4 mini‐implants (ODmini) and Fixed denture supported by 4 implants (FD). Costs were estimated using data from public rate tables. Effectiveness measures were obtained from a meta‐analysis of literature data, normalising the different scales in 0–1 range. A value of 30 000€ per 1 normalised utility points was set as threshold of willingness to pay (WTP). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) with 1000 Monte Carlo Simulations was performed to characterise uncertainty.ResultsTotal costs ranged between 1804,40€ for CD and 10 008,80€ for FD rehabilitations, with an effectiveness of 0,69 and 0,95 normalised points (0–1 scale) for the two solutions. The ODbar resulted to be the most CE strategy at the established WTP value, with the highest Net Monetary Benefit (22 001,20€), followed by the OD‐2 rehabilitation (21 866,80€). PSA analysis confirmed the dominance of OD‐2 and ODbar strategies, confirming a net separation from the other alternatives.ConclusionOD stabilised by 2 implants could represent a good rehabilitative solution for patients with edentulous mandible, being a good trade‐off in terms of costs and effectiveness. Nevertheless, a standardised measure of oral health‐related quality of life is needed to obtain more reliable results.
Positive yet problematic: Lived experiences of racial and ethnic minority medical students during rural and urban underserved clinical rotations
Authors: Cedeño Brian , Shimkin Genya , Lawson Alexa , Cheng Bopha , Patterson Davis G. , Keys Toby 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose of StudyMedical students who identify as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) regularly experience mistreatment and discrimination. This study sought to understand these student experiences during rotations in rural and urban underserved community teaching sites.MethodsSelf‐identified BIPOC medical students who completed the University of Washington School of Medicine's Rural Underserved Opportunities Program from 2019 through 2021 were invited to participate in a 60‐ to 90‐minute focus group discussion via Zoom. From August to September 2021, 4 focus groups and 1 individual interview were conducted with a total of 12 participants. A current BIPOC medical student facilitated the sessions utilizing questions developed by the research team. Four study team members coded transcripts for key themes related to experiences of microaggressions.FindingsAll participants reported having an overall positive experience, but everyone also witnessed and/or experienced at least 1 microaggression. Unlike those in urban placements, participants placed in rural sites expressed anxiety about being in predominantly White communities and experienced feelings of racial and/or ethnic isolation during the rotation. Participants recommended that rural preceptors identify themselves as trusted advocates and the program should prioritize placing BIPOC students at diverse clinical sites.ConclusionsMedical schools must take action to address the mistreatment of BIPOC medical students in the clinical environment. Schools and rural training sites need to consider how to best support students to create an equitable learning environment and recruit more BIPOC physicians to rural practice.
Runs of homozygosity reveal past bottlenecks and contemporary inbreeding across diverging populations of an island‐colonizing bird
Authors: Martin Claudia A. , Sheppard Eleanor C. , Illera Juan Carlos , Suh Alexander , Nadachowska‐Brzyska Krystyna , Spurgin Lewis G. , Richardson David S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGenomes retain evidence of the demographic history and evolutionary forces that have shaped populations and drive speciation. Across island systems, contemporary patterns of genetic diversity reflect population demography, including colonization events, bottlenecks, gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we investigate genome‐wide diversity and the distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROH) using whole‐genome resequencing of individuals (>22× coverage) from six populations across three archipelagos of Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii)‐a passerine that has recently undergone island speciation. We show the most dramatic reduction in diversity occurs between the mainland sister species (the tawny pipit) and Berthelot's pipit and is lowest in the populations that have experienced sequential bottlenecks (i.e., the Madeiran and Selvagens populations). Pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analyses estimated that Berthelot's pipit diverged from its sister species ~2 million years ago, with the Madeiran archipelago founded 50,000 years ago, and the Selvagens colonized 8000 years ago. We identify many long ROH (>1 Mb) in these most recently colonized populations. Population expansion within the last 100 years may have eroded long ROH in the Madeiran archipelago, resulting in a prevalence of short ROH (<1 Mb). However, the extensive long and short ROH detected in the Selvagens suggest strong recent inbreeding and bottleneck effects, with as much as 38% of the autosomes consisting of ROH >250 kb. These findings highlight the importance of demographic history, as well as selection and genetic drift, in shaping contemporary patterns of genomic diversity across diverging populations.
METTL3 potentiates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via IGF2BP1/m6A/RUNX2
Authors: Zhou Shuzuo , Zhang Gang , Wang Kun , Yang Zhong , Tan Yinghui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveMaxillofacial bone defect is a critical obstacle for maxillofacial tumors and periodontal diseases. The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells BMSCs is critical for maxillofacial osteogenesis and functional reconstruction. Here, our study focused on the functions and mechanism of N6‐methyladenosine during BMSCs osteogenic differentiation BMSCs.Subject and MethodsBiofunctions of BMSCs were detected using ALP activity and alizarin red S staining assays. The molecular interaction within RNA/protein was identified by RNA immunoprecipitation and/or methylation immunoprecipitation.ResultsResults indicated that m6A ‘writer’ METTL3 upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs upon osteogenic induction. Functionally, assays' results revealed that METTL3 overexpression promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSC, while METTL3 knockdown repressed the osteogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, results revealed that RUNX2 mRNA was a m6A‐methylated target by METTL3 at its 3'‐UTR. Moreover, m6A reader IGF2BP1 recognized the m6A site on RUNX2 mRNA to enhance its stability.ConclusionIn conclusion, our findings revealed the novel roles of METTL3 in BMSCs osteogenic differentiation via the IGF2BP1/m6A/RUNX2 signaling axis of m6A‐dependent manner, providing a potential therapeutic target for maxillofacial bone defects treatment.
Limited role of children in transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in households—Immunological analysis of 26 familial clusters
Authors: Sieber Justyna , Schmidthaler Klara , Kopanja Sonja , Weseslindtner Lukas , Stiasny Karin , Götzinger Florian , Graf Alexandra , Krotka Pavla , Hoz Jakub , Schoof Anja , Dwivedi Varsha , Frischer Thomas , Szépfalusi Zsolt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of children on the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains uncertain. This study provides an insight into distinct patterns of SARS‐CoV‐2 household transmission in case of pediatric and adult index cases as well as age‐dependent susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsImmune analysis, medical interviewing, and contact tracing of 26 families with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection cases have been conducted. Blood samples were analyzed serologically with the use of a SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG assay and virus neutralization test (VNT). Uni‐ and multivariable linear regression and mixed effect logistic regression models were used to describe potential risk factors for higher contagiousness and susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 infection could be confirmed in 67 of 124 family members. Fourteen children and 11 adults could be defined as index cases in their households. Forty of 82 exposed family members were defined as secondarily infected. The mean secondary attack rate in households was 0.48 and was significantly higher in households with adult than with pediatric index cases (0.85 vs 0.19; p < 0.0001). The age (grouped into child and adult) of index case, severity of disease, and occurrence of lower respiratory symptoms in index cases were significantly associated with secondary transmission rates in households. Children seem to be equally susceptible to acquire a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection as adults, but they suffer milder courses of the disease or remain asymptomatic.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 transmission from infected children to other household members occurred rarely in the first wave of the pandemic, despite close physical contact and the lack of hygienic measures.
Wealth in Latin America: Evidence from Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay
Authors: Gandelman Néstor , Lluberas Rodrigo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrawing on recently‐available microdata from financial surveys, this paper presents harmonized indicators for household wealth, its components, and its determinants in four Latin American countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay), using Spain as a comparison benchmark. The paper analyzes the relationship between wealth indicators and sociodemographic characteristics of household heads (age, education, gender, marital status). For Uruguay, we are also able to analyze wealth patterns and intergenerational mobility (inheritance, family businesses and parental education).
Organic residues and their impact on soil health, crop production and sustainable agriculture: A review including bibliographic analysis
Authors: Brichi Lisiane , Fernandes João V. M. , Silva Beatriz M. , Vizú Juliana de F. , Junior Jorge N. G. , Cherubin Maurício Roberto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite their potential as a sustainable source of soil nutrients and organic matter, waste organic residues are often discarded rather than utilized in agriculture. This review examines the current state‐of‐the‐art in the application of organic residues in agricultural production systems by analysing trends and results in published research conducted on their use for soil health and crop production purposes. For this, a bibliographic analysis was conducted on 81 papers collected from the Web of Science database. Our research shows a growing trend in the field, particularly in recent years, with articles from India, China and the United States at the forefront. The most commonly evaluated organic residues were compost, animal manure, crop residues, municipal solid waste and biochar. Soil pH, bulk density and especially organic matter/total organic carbon (TOC) were the chemical, physical and biological attributes most frequently evaluated, respectively. This review indicates that the application of organic residues improves soil health, positively affecting crop productivity in crops such as maize, wheat and rice. However, further research is needed to address the potential risk of soil contamination from potentially toxic metals (PTMs) associated with organic residues, as well as to identify best practices to guarantee food safety and environmental preservation.
Detrital zircon age signatures of the Mesozoic in the Lusitanian Basin and implications for the evolution of Iberia–Newfoundland conjugate margins
Authors: Dinis Pedro A. , Vermesch Pieter , Callapez Pedro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNew detrital zircon age results from the Lusitanian Basin are integrated with published data for the Mesozoic of west Iberia and eastern Canada (4959 concordant ages). Zircons in new samples are either mainly Devonian‐Permian, Cryogenian‐Ediacaran or reveal a combination of these two age populations, showing secondary to minor Mesoproterozoic‐Archean ages. Statistical tools applied to the compiled age data allow grouping the samples according to age signatures and explain main features of the age spectra. Age signatures are determined by the abundance of zircon: (1) recycled from terranes involved in Pangea amalgamation; (2) associated with Acadian‐Variscan crystalline rocks (~420–310 Ma), which becomes younger from the Laurentian to the Gondwanan sides of the orogen; (3) associated with post‐collisional events (~300–285 Ma) that affected different terranes and were exhumed in major structures controlling basin formation; and (4) resulting from Mesozoic magmatism (~145 Ma) with a stronger imprint in the west Atlantic margin.
Iron deficiency in whole blood donors in a resource‐poor setting: A cross‐sectional study in Uganda
Authors: Dhabangi Aggrey , Ssenyonga Ronald , Siu Godfrey , Elaborot Susan Acana , Kyeyune Dorothy , Bates Imelda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBlood donation is known to result in iron deficiency (ID), with a higher prevalence in females. There is little published data on the frequency of ID among blood donors in resource‐poor settings. We determined the prevalence of ID in blood donors in Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study at the Uganda Blood Transfusion Service, Kampala from December 2021 to February 2022. A sample of 500 whole blood donors was enrolled. The evaluation included demographic characteristics, donation history, nutritional history, complete blood count, and serum ferritin. The primary outcome was the proportion of donors with serum ferritin <15 μg/L.ResultsThe median (IQR) serum ferritin was 25 (12–47) μg/L and 89 (52–133) μg/L among female and male donors respectively. The prevalence of iron deficiency (serum ferritin <15 μg/L) among donating individuals was 11.5% (8.7–14.9), while among low haemoglobin deferrals, 61.5% (50.9–71.1). The prevalence was high among females [33.0% (27.9–38.6)] compared with males [2.5% (1.0–5.8)], but even higher among females younger than 24 years [35.4% (29.2–42.1)]. Factors associated with ID (adjusted odds ratio, 95% Cl, and significance) were; female donors (15.81, 5.17, 48.28, p < 0.001) and a high RDW (6.89, 2.99, 15.90, p < 0.001). We found a moderate correlation between serum ferritin and RDW (r = −0.419 and −0.487 for males and females respectively).ConclusionIron deficiency is common among blood donors in Uganda, affecting mostly young female donors. Considerations to adopt evidence‐based strategies to prevent and manage ID among blood donors–such as serum ferritin monitoring and iron supplementation are highly recommended.