bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Atrial Size, Shape, and Contractility in Growth‐Restricted and Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age Fetuses
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Putra Manesha , Hobbins John C. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe size, shape, and contractility of the heart's atrial chambers have not been evaluated in fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) or who are small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) as defined by the Delphi consensus protocol. This study aimed to examine the atrial chambers using speckle tracking analysis to identify any changes that may be specific for either growth disturbance.MethodsSixty‐three fetuses were evaluated with an estimated fetal weight <10th percentile who were classified as FGR or SGA based on the Delphi consensus protocol. The atrial cardiac cycle was defined as end‐diastole, end‐systole, and end‐diastole, equivalent to ventricular end‐systole, end‐diastole, and end‐systole. The atrial size, shape, and contractility were computed from 24 transverse segments and one length measurement identified from speckle tracking analysis of the endocardium at end‐diastole and end‐systole. The z‐score for each atrial measurement was computed using the mean and standard deviation equations from a control group of 200 fetuses. The z‐score values were compared between the control and FGR/SGA fetuses as well as between FGR and SGA fetuses using the Kruskal–Wallis test. A P‐value of <.05 was considered significant.ResultsOf the 63 fetuses with an estimated fetal weight (EFW) <10th percentile, 60% (38/63) were classified as FGR and 40% (25/63) as SGA. The following abnormal atrial measurements were unique to FGR fetuses: decreased end‐diastolic left atrial (LA) area, decreased LA base and mid‐chamber end‐diastolic width, decreased LA base sphericity index, decreased right atrial (RA) mid‐chamber sphericity index, decreased LA ejection volume, and decreased LA emptying volume. The following were unique to the SGA fetuses: Increased RA mid‐chamber length, decreased LA fractional area change, decreased RA reservoir strain, decreased RA basal‐apical length fractional shortening, and decreased LA base width transverse fractional shortening. The significant difference was an increased LA mid‐chamber length in the SGA fetuses.ConclusionsFetuses with an EFW <10th percentile who are classified as either SGA or FGR demonstrate unique abnormalities of atrial size, shape, and contractility, thus allowing the examiner to differentiate between FGR and SGA fetuses.
A Heart Chamber Model Using a Capacitance Function Combined With the Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Abdala Laryssa , Mady Carlos Eduardo K. , Correa Maicon R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe present a simplified mathematical and computational model of blood flow through a chamber of a healthy human heart, with a particular description of the left ventricle. We use fixed representations of the domain and mesh, assume blood to be an incompressible Newtonian fluid, and simulate the chamber volume variation by introducing a capacitance function, which is space and time‐dependent. The inclusion of this capacitance function gives rise to a model whose differential form resembles the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. The numerical methodology is based on stable Galerkin mixed finite element formulations posed on velocity and pressure. Convergence studies for the two‐dimensional steady‐state Stokes equation with spatially‐varying capacitance indicate optimal convergence orders when combining continuous biquadratic velocities with continuous bilinear pressures (Taylor–Hood elements) or discontinuous unmapped linear pressures. On the other hand, we observed loss of optimality with discontinuous linear mapped approximations for this field, as expected for the classical Stokes problem. Additional convergence studies indicate that the optimal convergence properties are preserved in the resolution of the nonlinear model, for the case of smooth solutions. Finally, we present simulations of cardiac cycles in an idealized human left ventricle in two and three dimensions. The results are meaningful given the model simplicity and open the possibility for future extensions of the proposed methodology.
Statistical methods to adjust for the effects on intervention compliance in randomized clinical trials where precision treatment rules are being developed
Authors: Zainal Nur Hani , Benjet Corina , Albor Yesica , Nuñez‐Delgado Mauricio , Zambrano‐Cruz Renato , Contreras‐Ibáñez Carlos C. , Cudris‐Torres Lorena , de la Peña Francisco R. , González Noé , Guerrero‐López José Benjamín , Gutierrez‐Garcia Raúl A. , Jiménez‐Peréz Ana Lucía , Medina‐Mora Maria Elena , Patiño Pamela , Cuijpers Pim , Gildea Sarah M. , Kazdin Alan E. , Kennedy Chris J. , Luedtke Alex , Sampson Nancy A. , Petukhova Maria V. , Zubizarreta Jose R. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneity of treatment effects (HTEs) can occur because of either differential treatment compliance or differential treatment effectiveness. This distinction is important, as it has action implications, but it is unclear how to distinguish these two possibilities statistically in precision treatment analysis given that compliance is not observed until after randomization. We review available statistical methods and illustrate a recommended method in secondary analysis in a trial focused on HTE.MethodsThe trial randomized n = 880 anxious and/or depressed university students to guided internet‐delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (i‐CBT) or treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) and evaluated joint remission. Previously reported analyses documented superiority of i‐CBT but significant HTE. In the reanalysis reported here, we used baseline (i.e., pre‐randomization) covariates to predict compliance among participants randomized to guided i‐CBT, generated a cross‐validated within‐person expected compliance score based on this model in both intervention groups, and then used this expected composite score as a predictor in an expanded HTE analysis.ResultsThe significant intervention effect was limited to participants with high expected compliance. Residual HTE was nonsignificant.ConclusionsFuture psychotherapy HTE trials should routinely develop and include expected compliance composite scores to distinguish the effects of differential treatment compliance from the effects of differential treatment effectiveness.
A Thermomechanical Model of Coarse‐Grained Soils With Non‐Orthogonal Flow Rule
Authors: Sun Zengchun , Xiao Yang , Fang Qingyun , Jiang Xiang , He Xiang , Liu Hanlong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn geo‐energy engineering projects, temperature is an essential environmental variable, and accurately predicting its effect on the thermomechanical properties of geomaterials remains a challenge. Similar to fine‐grained soils, temperature variation is also a crucial factor that affects the stress‐strain response and critical state behavior of coarse‐grained soils. In this study, a thermomechanical model is established for coarse‐grained soils using theories from the critical state and fractional plasticity. The evolution of the critical state line with increasing temperature can be well characterized by introducing a thermal‐dependent parameter, then the state void‐ratio‐pressure parameter that incorporates the effect of temperature can be derived according to the temperature‐dependent critical state. The plastic flow direction and dilatancy function are obtained directly from the fractional derivation of the modified elliptical yield function to describe the nonassociated flow characteristics. Furthermore, the thermal state parameter is introduced into the non‐orthogonal dilatancy function and hardening modulus to reflect the state‐ and temperature‐dependent behaviors. Comparative analysis of experimental data and predictions indicates that the established thermomechanical model can reasonably predict the drained shear characteristics of coarse‐grained soils under different temperatures, including strain‐hardening, strain‐softening, dilatancy, contraction, and thermal softening.
Dynamic Torsional Response of Pile in Fractional‐Order Viscoelastic Unsaturated Transversely Isotropic Soil With Imperfect Contact
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Leong Eng‐Choon , Wang Xu , Wang Binglong , Wang Changdan , Wang Bolin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA novel theoretical model is proposed to investigate the torsional response of a pile in fractional‐order viscoelastic unsaturated transversely isotropic soil with imperfect contact. This model employs Biot's framework for three‐phase porous media along with the theory of fractional derivatives. Unlike previous models that assume continuous displacement at the pile–soil interface, this study uses the Kelvin model to simulate relative slippage between pile–soil contact surfaces (imperfect contact). Incorporating fractional‐order viscoelastic and transversely isotropic models to describe the stress‐strain relationship, comprehensive dynamic governing equations are derived. Using the separation of variables method, inverse Fourier transform, and convolution theory, analytical solutions for the frequency domain response and semi‐analytical solutions for the time domain response of the pile head under semi‐sine pulse excitation are obtained. Using numerical examples, the effects of model parameters in the fractional‐order viscoelastic constitutive model, pile–soil relative slip and continuity model, and soil anisotropy on the torsional complex impedance, twist angle, and torque are presented.
A Customer Choice Model of Impulse Buying in Social Commerce
Authors: Bernstein Fernando , Guo Yuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSocial commerce integrates user interactions and user‐generated content with commercial activities in the context of social media platforms. Examples include Instagram Shopping and TikTok Shopping, where brands attach product tags directly to their posts, enabling users to complete purchases within the social media platform. A user's on‐site purchase decision can be driven by the impulse to buy upon seeing a product, but is constrained by their limited attention. In this paper, we propose a choice model that captures users' impulsive behavior and limited attention span during purchase decisions on social media platforms. We explore a retailer's product display problem on a social media product page. We show that the size of the optimal display set can be monotone decreasing or increasing on the level of impulsiveness of the customer population, depending on the interplay between the population's inclination for impulse buying and their attention span. When the influence of impulse buying outweighs the effect of attention span, it can be optimal for the retailer to display a larger set of products. Additionally, we examine two strategies for retailers to stimulate purchases on social media platforms. One is to invest in environmental cues to enhance user impulse buying behavior, and the other considers leveraging influencer promotion of a specific product.
Attentional Rhythms Are Sensitive to Binocular Visual Pathway
Authors: Dong Bo , Zu Guangyao , Zou Ying , Jia Jianrong , Chen Airui , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTVisual attention is intrinsically rhythmic and oscillates based on the discrete sampling of either single or multiple objects. Recently, studies have found that the early visual cortex (V1/V2) modulates attentional rhythms. Both monocular and binocular cells are present in the early visual cortex, which acts as a transfer station for transformation of the monocular visual pathway into the binocular visual pathway. However, whether the neural site of attentional rhythms is in the monocular or binocular visual pathway needs further study. In the current study, we leveraged the anatomical features of the monocular and binocular pathway to design a paradigm with same‐eye and different‐eye presentations of cues and targets. By combining this approach with EEG recordings and analysis the impulse response function (TRF), we aimed to address this question. In Experiment 1, we reset the phase of attentional rhythms in one monocular channel (left eye or right eye) by a dichoptic cue and tracked the impulse response function (TRF) of the monocular channel in the left and right eye separately. We found no significant differences in the respective TRFs and their spectra for each eye, suggesting that attention rarely switched between the two eyes, indicating that the binocular visual pathway, not the monocular visual pathway, is the neural site of attentional rhythms. These results were verified when resetting the phases of attentional rhythms by a binocular cue in Experiment 2. These results suggest that attentional rhythms may be sensitive to activities in the binocular visual pathway.
A Way of Decoupling the Gravitational Bulk Field Equations of Regular Braneworld Black Holes to Suppress the Bulk Singularities
Authors: Estrada Milko , Crispim Tiago Mota , Alencar Geova 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe authors provide a methodology for decoupling the bulk gravitational field equations of braneworld black holes (BHs) to suppress the bulk singularities. Thus, a regular braneworld BH setup is provided. To achieve this, a minimal geometric deformation is applied with respect to a coupling constant to the Minkowski spacetime embedded in an extra dimension. This results in a gravitational decoupling into a system with equations of motion of order and a system , related to the so‐called Quasi–Einstein equations of order . This methodology allows for the construction of a regular geometry everywhere. The necessary constraints for eliminating singularities is outlined and provide a recipe for solving the equations of motion. Both the warp factor, the scalar field, and the potential obtained are smooth and free from Dirac delta singularities. A control parameter is introduced such that, in the limit , the Randall–Sundrum setup is recovered, resulting in a transition from a thick brane to a thin brane. The asymptotic behavior of the curvature invariant is positive near the de Sitter core (for small ), asymptotically negative for finite , and asymptotically flat at the boundary as . Although this work aims to suppress bulk singularities, it is expected that our methodology may be useful for future investigations related to the embedding of gravitational objects within other braneworld contexts.
Effects of timed LED regimes on tomato plant traits, performance of two‐spotted spider mites, and predatory mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis)
Authors: Savi Patrice , Hall Samantha , Hernandez Maria , Mantri Anil , Kliebenstein Daniel , Nansen Christian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are being used in controlled environments to enhance crop production and pest management with most studies focusing on continuous treatments (applied throughout the entire daytime or nighttime period). Here, we tested the hypothesis that providing tomato plants with timed LED regimes (daily 3‐h doses of red, blue, or far‐red LED) during the day or at night may affect their traits (leaf reflectance indices, element composition, and phenolic profile), performance of two‐spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) (TSSM), and a species of predatory mite (Phytoseiulus persimilis).RESULTSNighttime LED regimes significantly altered leaf element composition: red LED increased K levels, blue LED enhanced Mg levels, and far‐red LED enhanced Mn and Cu and reduced Zn levels. Among daytime LED regimes, blue LED reduced Zn level. Nighttime LED regimes significantly increased leaf glandular trichome densities (except far‐red regime) and reduced total phenolic content. Among a series of leaf reflectance indices, ARI and CRI increased significantly in response to nighttime red and blue regimes but decreased with far‐red LED regimes. Performance bioassays showed significantly lower TSSM populations on nighttime plants than on daytime and control plants. LED regimes did not affect predatory mites' population and their feeding capacity, except for blue daytime regime, which was reduced on mobile TSSM. These results suggest that timed LED regimes have potential to strategically manipulate plant‐prey–predator interactions.CONCLUSIONWe conclude that timed LED regimes can be crucial in designing integrated pest management strategies that promote both plant growth and effective biological control in controlled environments. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Resolving the Nanostructure of Carbon Nitride‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Allasia Nicolò , Xu Shuai , Jafri Sadaf Fatima , Borfecchia Elisa , Cipriano Luis A. , Terraneo Giancarlo , Tosoni Sergio , Mino Lorenzo , Di Liberto Giovanni , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Vilé Gianvito 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are gathering significant attention in chemistry due to their unique properties, offering uniform active site distribution and enhanced selectivity. However, their precise structure often remains unclear, with multiple models proposed in the literature. Understanding the coordination environment of the active site at the atomic level is crucial for explaining catalytic activity. Here, a comprehensive study of SACs made of carbon nitride (CNx) containing isolated nickel atoms is presented. Using a combination of synthesis techniques and characterization methods including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the local environment of nickel active centers in CNx‐supported SACs is investigated. These results challenge conventional structural models and propose a new architecture that better aligns with current experimental evidence. This new structure serves as a foundational step toward a rational approach to catalyst development and can facilitate more precise design and application of these innovative catalysts.
The sense that we're invisible: A longitudinal analysis of diverse women's experiences with structural violence in biomedical doctoral programs
Authors: Salusky Ida , Remich Robin , Jones Remi , Ulerio Grevelin , McGee Richard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA longstanding and significant disparity in representation across gender, economic status, ethnicity, race, and sexual identity exists within STEM doctoral training. Most of the research on the retention and attrition of minoritized PhD STEM students focuses on individual factors, rather than system level issues. To address these gaps, we qualitatively examined longitudinal experiences of 33 Asian American, Black, and Latiné female biomedical PhD students, using a structural violence framework. The researchers developed three themes: (1) institutional hostility toward core aspects of identity; (2) the importance of intersectionality and within‐group variation in experiences with structural violence; and (3) students' growing awareness of structural violence in training. Findings have significant implications for the structure of doctoral training and interventions to create equitable training environments.
Relative Openness of the Gabor Frame Set on the Hyperbolas
Authors: Kulikov Aleksei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We prove that for the functions of the form

$$g(x) = h(x) + \frac{C}{x+i}$$

g

(
x
)

=
h

(
x
)

+

C

x
+
i

, where h belongs to the continuous Wiener algebra

$$W_0$$

W
0

, the intersection of the Gabor frame set

$$\mathcal {F}_g$$

F
g

with every hyperbola

$$\{\alpha , \beta > 0 \mid \alpha \beta = c\}$$

{
α
,
β
>
0
∣
α
β
=
c
}

is open in the relative topology. In particular, this applies to all rational functions g. We also show that the same phenomenon occurs for the functions from the Wiener algebra W which are discontinuous at one point.
A fast region of interest algorithm for efficient data compression and improved peak detection in high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Kronik Oskar Munk , Christensen Jan H. , Nielsen Nikoline Juul , Tisler Selina , Tomasi Giorgio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLiquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is commonly used for identification of compounds in complex samples due to the high chromatographic and mass spectral resolution provided. In subsequent data processing workflows, it is imperative to preserve this resolution to fully exploit the data. “Region of interest” (ROI) algorithms were introduced as a better alternative to equidistant binning for compressing HRMS data because they better preserve the mass spectral resolution. In this paper, we present a new ROI algorithm that improves on the selection of contiguous m/z traces, amongst others by introducing the concept of chromatographic filter, allows for an automated approach to optimise the admissible mass-to-charge deviation (δm/z) and can be used to match ROIs across multiple samples. The algorithm was tested on a LC-HRMS dataset comprised of 21 replicate injections of a wastewater effluent extract and assessed on its ability to correctly retrieve the ROI’s relative to 57 compounds and match them across all injections. In summary, it achieved a ten-fold compression rate in on-disk storage at a noise threshold of 200 counts, and the median ROI length matched the observed chromatographic peak width (12–23 points). Correct ROI matching with a mass accuracy of 9 ppm was observed for 52 compounds across all 21 injections with only one compound split between two adjacent m/z traces in six runs. Overall, the new algorithm performed favourably compared to the ROI algorithm currently used in the well-established ROI-MCR (multivariate curve resolution) workflow for deconvolution of HRMS chromatographic data.
Conditional Deletion of Gremlin-1 in Cathepsin K-expressing Mature Osteoclasts Altered the Skeletal Response to Calcium Depletion in Sex-Dependent Manner
Authors: Sheng Matilda H.-C. , Rundle Charles H. , Baylink David J. , Lau Kin-Hing William 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study assessed the novel concept that osteoclast-derived Grem1 has regulatory functions in the skeletal response to calcium stress using an osteoclastic Grem1 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. The calcium stress was initiated by feeding cKO mutants and wildtype (WT) littermates a calcium-deficient diet for 2 weeks. Deletion of Grem1 in mature osteoclasts did not affect developmental bone growth nor basal bone turnover. In response to calcium depletion, male cKO mutants showed greater increases in osteoclastic resorption and trabecular bone loss than male WT littermates, indicating an enhanced skeletal sensitivity to calcium depletion in male mutants. The enhanced sensitivity to calcium depletion was sex-dependent, as female cKO mutants showed lower increases in osteoclastic resorption and bone loss than female WT littermates as well as male cKO mutants. The sex disparity in osteoclastic resorption response to calcium stress was intrinsic to osteoclasts since osteoclasts of male but not female cKO mutants showed greater in vitro bone resorption activity than osteoclasts of WT littermates of respective sex. Male cKO mutants displayed smaller bone formation response to calcium depletion than male WT littermates, while female mutants showed bigger bone formation response than female WT littermates, indicating that cKO mutants also displayed sex disparity in bone formation response. The sex disparity in bone formation response was not caused by intrinsic differences in osteoblasts but might be due to sex-dependent differential osteoclastic release of osteogenic factors. In summary, osteoclast-derived gremlin-1 has complicated and sex-dependent regulatory roles in skeletal response to calcium stress.