bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Phase Changes on Optoelectronic Properties of Lead-Free CsSnI3 Perovskites
Authors: Nematov Dilshod D. , Burkhonzoda Amondulloi S. , Kurboniyon Mekhrdod S. , Zafari Umar , Kholmurodov Kholmirzo T. , Brik Mikhail G. , Yamamoto Tomoyuki , Shokir Farhod 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
First-principles calculations were carried out within the framework of density functional theory to investigate the influence of phase changes on the electronic and optical properties of CsSnI3. The lattice parameter and band gap of four different phases, i.e., α-, β-, γ-, and δ-phases, of CsSnI3 are estimated by employing different exchange–correlation functionals in order to explore their ability to reproduce geometric and electronic structures adequately. Comparison of the calculated total energies shows the non-perovskite orthorhombic (δ-phase) modification of CsSnI3 is the most stable, followed by the orthorhombic (γ-CsSnI3) perovskite phase. Thermal stability calculations in the form of temperature dependence of entropy as well as the absence of imaginary frequencies in the phonon dispersion diagrams also confirmed the dynamical stability of the δ-CsSnI3. The influence of the structural phase changes on the band gap and Fermi level shifts of CsSnI3 were assessed. Contribution of the electronic states on the formation of the valence and conduction band of four phases of CsSnI3 were determined, which were calculated using various exchange–correlation functionals, including the high-precision hybrid functional HSE06, and compared with available experimental ones. The calculated energy band distribution diagrams showed that all three perovskite modifications of CsSnI3 have direct transitions, while δ-CsSnI3 has an indirect transition. It was found that during the transition from δ- to α-phase, the Fermi level descends to the low energy region (towards the valence band), and the band gap decreases from 2.99 eV to 1.33 eV. During the transition from α- to β-phase, the band gap width again decreases to 1.23 eV and the Fermi level mixes by 1.65 eV towards the conduction band (CB). On the contrary, the band gap increases from β- to γ-phase and the Fermi level shifts by 0.41 eV towards the conduction band. The values of the complex dielectric constant and the refractive index of four phases of CsSnI3 were also calculated.
Large language model for table processing: a survey
Authors: Lu Weizheng , Zhang Jing , Fan Ju , Fu Zihao , Chen Yueguo , Du Xiaoyong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tables, typically two-dimensional and structured to store large amounts of data, are essential in daily activities like database queries, spreadsheet manipulations, Web table question answering, and image table information extraction. Automating these table-centric tasks with Large Language Models (LLMs) or Visual Language Models (VLMs) offers significant public benefits, garnering interest from academia and industry. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of table-related tasks, examining both user scenarios and technical aspects. It covers traditional tasks like table question answering as well as emerging fields such as spreadsheet manipulation and table data analysis. We summarize the training techniques for LLMs and VLMs tailored for table processing. Additionally, we discuss prompt engineering, particularly the use of LLM-powered agents, for various table-related tasks. Finally, we highlight several challenges, including diverse user input when serving and slow thinking using chain-of-thought.
3D-printed drill guide versus fluoroscopic-guided free-hand technique for pedicle screw insertion in the upper cervical spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Al-Saadawi A. , Tehranchi S. , Chekuri R. , Oehlen A. , Sedra F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
3D-printed (3DP) drill guides have demonstrated significant potential to accurately guide pedicle screw insertion in spinal surgery. However, their role in the upper cervical spine is not well established. This review aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 3DP drill guides to the conventional fluoroscopic-guided free-hand technique for pedicle screw insertion in the upper cervical spine. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five databases (Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase). The meta-analysis compared the accuracy of pedicle screw placement, screw placement time, operative time, blood loss, fluoroscopy usage, and post-operative JOA and VAS scores between the two approaches. Seven studies were included in the review, encompassing 386 patients and 1,512 screws. The meta-analysis demonstrated that 3DP drill guides increased the rate of perfect screw insertion (OR: 4.34, P < 0.00001) and lowered the incidence of moderate (OR: 0.26, P < 0.00001) and poor (OR: 0.09, P < 0.00001) screw insertion compared to the free-hand technique. Additionally, operative time (MD: -36.07, P < 0.00001), blood loss (MD: -83.82, P < 0.00001), and fluoroscopy usage (MD: -3.47, P < 0.0001) was significantly reduced in the 3DP cohort. No significant difference was detected in screw placement time (MD: -2.65, P = 0.07), or post-operative JOA (MD: 0.17, P = 0.47), and VAS (MD: -0.09, P = 0.19) scores between the two cohorts. The review demonstrated that 3DP drill guides are a safe and effective tool to assist pedicle screw fixation in the upper cervical spine.
UniEmbed: A Novel Approach to Detect XSS and SQL Injection Attacks Leveraging Multiple Feature Fusion with Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Bakır Rezan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Web applications are essential in the digital age, but their security vulnerabilities expose sensitive data and organizational integrity to sophisticated attacks. Among the most prevalent and damaging vulnerabilities in web applications are cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injection attacks. In this paper, we introduce UniEmbed, a unified approach for detecting XSS and SQL injection attacks using machine learning classifiers. This novel approach leverages natural language processing techniques, combining features from Word2Vec, the Universal Sentence Encoder (USE), and FastText to extract meaningful data from web applications. Extensive experiments were conducted using various machine learning classifiers on three benchmark datasets to evaluate the performance of the unified detection approach, demonstrating exceptional results. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the MLP classifier. For the XSS attack dataset, the MLP classifier achieved an accuracy of 0.9982 and an F1-score of 0.9983, with minimal false positives and false negatives. Similarly, the hard voting classifier yielded the same outstanding results. For SQL injection attacks, the MLP classifier maintained exceptional performance, achieving an F1-score of 0.9980 and accuracy rates exceeding 0.9980 across two datasets. The classifier effectively minimized false positives and false negatives. The ROC curves further corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method, indicating high true positive rates and low false positive rates. Furthermore, comparative analysis showed that the UniEmbed method consistently outperformed individual feature extraction methods across all classifiers. These findings indicate that the proposed UniEmbed method, particularly when combined with the MLP classifier, is highly effective in detecting both XSS and SQL injection attacks, making it a promising approach for enhancing web application security.
Detecting geodesic circles in hyperbolic surfaces with persistent homology
Authors: Jelenc Blaž , Virk Žiga 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper we provide conditions under which a geodesic circle on a hyperbolic surface admits arbitrarily small geodesically convex neighborhoods. This implies that persistent homology using selective Rips complexes detects the length and the position of such a loop via persistent homology in dimensions one, two, or three. In particular, if a surface has a unique systole, then the systole can always be detected with persistent homology. The existential results of the paper are complemented by the corresponding quantitative treatments which explain the choice of parameters of selective Rips complexes as well as conditions, under which the detection occurs via the standard Rips complexes. In particular, if a surface has a unique systole, then the parameters depend on the first spectral gap in the length spectrum.
Depression and anxiety in people with kidney disease: understanding symptom variability, patient experience and preferences for mental health support
Authors: Chilcot Joseph , Pearce Christina J. , Hall Natalie , Rehman Zara , Norton Sam , Griffiths Sophie , Hudson Joanna L. , Mackintosh Lucy , Busby Amanda , Wellsted David , Jones Julia , Sharma Shivani , Ormandy Paula , Palmer Nick , Schmill Pooja , Da Silva-Gane Maria , Morgan Neal , Poulikakos Dimitrios , Veighey Kristin , Robertson Stuart , Elias Rob , Farrington Ken 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Depression and anxiety are commonly experienced by people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate person- and service-level factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. We sought to also understand utilisation of mental health treatments and preferences for future psychological support.

Methods
An online survey recruited participants from six UK kidney services with varying levels of psychosocial provision. The survey was also advertised on social media. Participants completed screening questionnaires for depression and anxiety, alongside questions about mental health history, self-efficacy, treatment and support. The study included adults (18 years or older) living with CKD (stages 3b and above) or those receiving any form of Kidney Replacement Therapy (KRT), including individuals with a functioning kidney transplant. Eligible participants had to complete study measures and be proficient in reading and writing in either English or Welsh, as the survey was administered in these languages. This survey was developed with our Patient and Public Involvement group and was administered from January 2023 until 31st January, 2024 using Qualtrics and RedCap.

Results
Four hundred fifty-eight people completed the survey. Moderate-severe symptoms of depression and anxiety were 37.7% and 26.5%, respectively. Over 50% reported a history of diagnosed depression. In addition to depression, sleep problems and fatigue were identified as future support needs, with over a third indicating a preference for in-centre provision. In case-mix adjusted analysis, there was no variability in depression and anxiety symptoms across centres. Centre location and size were unrelated to symptoms. Age, female gender, current mental health treatments, self-efficacy and perceptions regarding opportunity for support, were associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. In sub-analysis, there was a negative association between psychosocial staffing levels and depression symptoms.

Conclusion
Patient-related factors and behavioural characteristics were related to variation of these symptoms. There was little evidence of symptom variability across centres, although in a small sub-analysis, psychosocial provision showed a weak negative correlation with depression symptoms. Our findings highlight preferences of future needs which could be helpful for designing future research and service provision.

Graphical abstract
Review on Erosion Wear Subjected to Different Coating Materials on Leading Edge Protection for Cooling Towers and Wind Turbines
Authors: Nirmal Umar , Teo Jin Ji , Chin Chee Wen , Yousif Belal F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In response to the increasing importance of sustainable engineering solutions, this review focuses on evaluating the sustainability of different coating materials to solve erosion problems on the fan blades of a cooling tower and wind turbine. This review focuses on the types of erosion wear namely on the leading edge of cooling towers and wind turbines (LECT/WT) which will prioritise on the leading edge protection (LEP) on the fan blades used in various applications. This review will highlight recent works done on the design and development of high-efficiency cooling towers. The investigation on erosion resistant coating materials will also be reviewed since there are numerous claims made that certain coating material happen to provide enhanced resistance to erosion wear on LECT/WT. We reviewed all possible aspects of coating material on LECT/WT using different chemical composition namely to provide an optimum wear resistance to cast iron. In summary, there is no any specific coating material than can provide an infinite life span of a fan blade used in cooling towers or wind turbines. Lastly, we highlighted crucial future research on the aforesaid topic which may open new research pathways in the future. The ‘hunt’ for the so called ‘ultimate’ coating material to cast iron used in the LECT/WT is yet to be discovered.
Assessing Pore Formation due to Nitrogen Partitioning in a Hypoeutectic Cast Iron
Authors: Queirós Ricardo , Domeij Björn , Diószegi Attila 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pore formation in cast iron castings is driven both by shrinkage and dissolved gases, where the latter stems from supersaturated gaseous species, such as nitrogen. During solidification, nitrogen partitions between the austenite and the liquid according to the ratio of its solubility in each phase. This ratio, known as the partition coefficient, is essential to characterize, as accumulation in the liquid phase can lead to critical supersaturation for pore formation. However, there is conflicting information in CALPHAD databases and literature regarding its partitioning behavior. This work evaluates nitrogen partitioning between the primary austenite and the liquid in a hypoeutectic lamellar cast iron alloy. To investigate this, a cylindrical specimen was produced and remelted under an inert atmosphere, allowing the austenite and the liquid to establish a solute equilibrium. After 6 days of holding at 1175 °C within the solid–liquid biphasic range, the specimen was quenched, and samples were extracted from the austenitic and liquid regions, which had transformed into martensite and ledeburite, respectively. The nitrogen concentration was measured by inert gas fusion (IGF), resulting in a nitrogen partition coefficient

$${k}_{N}^{\gamma /L}$$

k

N

γ
/
L

= 0.72±0.08, which represents partition in the opposite direction suggested by thermodynamic databases. The results indicate that there are opportunities to further explore nitrogen partitioning in other compositions and highlight the importance of selecting databases that more accurately represent the phenomena of interest. Moreover, a better understanding of nitrogen partitioning can enhance the control of porosity in cast iron processing.
Life cycle environmental impact assessment of steel structures using building information modeling
Authors: Mohammed Alaa , Elmasoudi Islam , Ghannam Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are fundamental components within building projects. LCA is critical in building projects’ sustainability. The integration of BIM has the potential to enhance the LCA process, leading to better outcomes. Design for Deconstruction (DfD) study on minimizing, reusing, and recycling of building materials is closely linked. This study aims to evaluate and compare the findings obtained from the E-tool LCD and Tally LCA add-in tools; both used as BIM-based LCA tools. This paper outlines the overarching approach to implementing a process-based LCA for a steel building, explicitly emphasising the many processes the building undergoes during its life cycle. The LCA add-in tools, namely e-tool LCD and Tally, have been chosen to discern the disparities in the LCA outcomes resulting from using Environmental Product Declaration (EPD databases that vary across various regions. The input data, system boundaries, and LCA scope remained consistent throughout the LCA procedures. Global Warming Potential values obtained from the manufacturing module developed by e-tool LCD were included in a case study. A case study of steel structure is used to implement the LCA add-in tools. The discussion also addressed the challenges of enhancing interoperability in contemporary BIM-based LCA procedures. The study revealed that using EPD databases with regional variations notably impacts LCA outcomes. Consequently, the compatibility assessment in BIM-based LCA procedures yielded value innovation, efficiency, and distinctiveness.
Furthermore, it was determined that BIM-LCA procedures resulted in notable distinctions compared to conventional LCA methods. These distinctions included enhanced convenience of application, increased efficiency in terms of time and resources, and higher levels of accuracy.
The Prehistory of the Idea that Thinking is Modelling
Authors: Chirimuuta Mazviita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper examines early expositions of the idea that to think about an object is to construct and manipulate an internal model of that object. The origin of this idea is normally credited to Kenneth Craik (1943) but here I show that it is prefigured in the writings of two nineteenth century physicist-psychologists, Hermann von Helmholtz and Ernst Mach.
Strengthening Global Health Security Under the Biden-Harris Administration
Authors: Pace Loyce , Kim Susan C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Global health security in the Biden-Harris Administration has been a dynamic area of engagement, starting with the COVID-19 response, to strengthening and reforming the World Health Organization, to bolstering regional partnerships, and securing financing for pandemic preparedness. Sustained commitment to bilateral, regional, and multilateral cooperation will ensure that the United States stands ready to address any future health challenges.
Dietary preferences and collagen to collagen prey-predator trophic discrimination factors (Δ13C, Δ15N) in late Pleistocene cave hyena
Authors: Krajcarz Magdalena , Baumann Chris , Bocherens Hervé , Presslee Samantha , Krajcarz Maciej T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) was an important large carnivore of Pleistocene ecosystems in Africa and Eurasia. Like its modern relatives, this obligate carnivore was adapted to crush and digest bones of its prey and absorb organic matter from bones more efficiently than any other carnivore. This difference in the nutrient resource use between hyenas and most other carnivores led to differences in the isotope flux and variation in the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. In our paper, we assess the prey-to-hyena collagen-to-collagen Δ13C and Δ15N trophic discrimination factor (TDF), a key parameter needed in mixing models used for quantitative reconstruction of diet. We analyzed a Pleistocene hyena den bone accumulation in Perspektywiczna Cave (Poland), with a preserved assemblage of remains containing both hyenas and a wide spectrum of their prey represented by digested bones. With the use of proteomics-based taxonomic identification (ZooMS), we estimated the proportion of prey species in the hyena diet. The modeled collagen-to-collagen TDFs are around +1.6‰ to +1.7‰ for δ13C and around +3.4‰ to +3.5‰ for δ15N. This study provides new data on the dietary habits of this large carnivore and allows for a more accurate use of isotopic signals in modeling past hyena diets.
Refining Quinean Naturalism: An Alternative to Kemp’s Stimulus Field Approach
Authors: Toy Tolgahan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
W. V. Quine suggests that meaning derives from the stimulus, the effects of the outside world on the subject’s nerve endings. However, the idiosyncrasy of the stimulus poses challenges to the intersubjectivity of meaning. Gary Kemp proposes the stimulus field approach as a solution. The stimulus field approach focuses on the forces affecting the subject, rather than the effects on the subject. In this article, I critique Kemp’s solution. Furthermore, I argue that the Quinean approach can be refined in a way that two agents may converge on the same meaning even without sharing the same stimuli or forces affecting them.
The 1943 West African Editors’ Press Delegation to the United Kingdom: Mediating the Metropole from World War II Nigeria
Authors: Coates Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The 1943 Tour of Eight West African editors to London formed a major event in World War II United Kingdom–West Africa relations. The tour is often understood in terms of the symbolic importance of Azikiwe's landmark Memorandum on the Atlantic Charter. This article argues that we should reappraise our understandings of the tour and pay closer attention to African actors and networks beyond the Colonial Office. We must understand Britain as a periphery to a West African social, cultural, and political centre. The tour reveals how Britain was mediated in West African terms. Existing historiography focused on Azikiwe's Memorandum or decision-making within Whitehall has ignored both the importance of the tour in West Africa and the diversity of Africans in Britain involved in the tour. The present article focuses on African responses to the tour and, drawing on the historiography of print culture and wartime African mobilities, prioritises African-authored sources. Cumulatively, it situates the tour within an evolving historiography of global mobilities in WWII Nigeria. Rather than simply seeking to unite the metropole and colony in a single field, the article suggests that we must consider more deeply the ways that Africans provincialized the metropole, while centring African colonies.
Tracking Multiyear Sea‐Ice Variation in the Arctic Ocean Over Decades With Microseism
Authors: Chen Jui‐Chun Freya , Park Sunyoung , MacAyeal Douglas R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe construct a linear model of microseism power as a function of sea‐ice concentration and ocean‐wave activity with a seismic station located on northern Ellesmere Island. The influence of wind‐ice‐ocean interactions on microseism has been taken into account. We find the increase in microseism power over the last 32 years reflects the long‐term loss of sea ice and increasing ocean‐wave activity in the Arctic Ocean likely associated with climate change. We further assess model performance to determine a representative region over which sea‐ice concentration and ocean‐wave activity most directly influence the microseism power. The seismological methods developed here suggest that there is the potential to augment or refine observations of sea‐ice conditions obtained from satellites and from in‐situ observations. Seismological methods may thus help determine properties such as sea‐ice thickness, which are less amenable to conventional observations, under a changing climate, particularly in remote areas like the High Arctic.
The Cloud Radiative Response to Surface Warming Weakens Hydrological Sensitivity
Authors: McGraw Zachary , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Gasparini Blaž , Van de Koot Emily K. , Voigt Aiko 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrecipitation is expected to increase in a warmer global climate, yet how sensitive precipitation is to warming depends on poorly constrained cloud radiative processes. Clouds respond to surface warming in ways that alter the atmosphere's ability to radiatively cool and hence form precipitation. Here we examine the links between cloud responses to warming, atmospheric radiative fluxes, and hydrological sensitivity in AMIP6 simulations. The clearest impacts come from high clouds, which reduce atmospheric radiative cooling as they rise in altitude in response to surface warming. Using cloud locking, we demonstrate that high cloud radiative changes weaken Earth's hydrological sensitivity to surface warming. The total impact of cloud radiative effects on hydrological sensitivity is halved by interactions between cloud and clear‐sky radiative effects, yet is sufficiently large to be a major source of uncertainty in hydrological sensitivity.