bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Siripurapu Govinda , Verma Bhawna , Biswas Deblina , Reghu Anandapadmanabhan , Vishnoi Aayushi , Radhakrishnan Divya Madathiparambil , Elavarasi Arunmozhimaran , Gupta Anu , Vishnu Venugopalan Yamuna , Singh Mamta Bhushan , Bhatia Rohit , Tripathi Manjari , Srivastava Achal , Srivastava Madakasira Vasantha Padma , Rajan Roopa 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSocial cognition is the study of how people make sense of themselves and others. Impairment in several domains of social cognition is increasingly being recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesWe aimed to study multiple domains of social cognition in Indian PD patients using a culturally appropriate, validated instrument.MethodsWe recruited 52 individuals with PD and 31 healthy volunteers (HV) and used the Social Cognition Rating Tools in Indian Setting (SOCRATIS) tool to assess theory of mind (ToM), attributional biases and social cue perception. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the PDQOL scale.ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between PD and HV. The mean (SD) FOT index (first order ToM index) was 0.86(0.18) in PD and 0.99(0.07) in HV [P < 0.001]. The PD group showed higher Externalizing Bias [EB, 4.42(3.91)], compared to HV [1.58(3.22), P = 0.001]. The mean (SD) Faux Pas Composite Index (FPCI ALT) was 0.69(0.09) in PD and 0.78(0.13) in HV [P < 0.001]. Social cognition indices were not associated with QoL in PD. Clinical parameters—age, gender, HAM‐D, MOCA, education, levodopa equivalent daily dose of medication, number of PD drugs and trihexyphenidyl use did not predict social cognition.ConclusionPD patients were less successful than age, gender matched controls in understanding social situations and other's thought processes and had higher tendency to attribute undesirable events to external causes. Deficits in social cognition did not impair the quality of life.
Management of nutritional iron deficiency anemia for young children in the emergency department
Authors: McEvoy Matthew T. , Stuckert Austin J. , Castellanos Maria I. , Gilbert Megan M. , Pfeiffer Thomas , Prudowsky Zachary , Rios Xavier , Airewele Gladstone , Okcu M. Fatih , Powers Jacquelyn M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for young children with nutritional iron deficiency anemia (IDA) presenting to the emergency department (ED) are lacking, leading to variability in care. We aimed to standardize management of these patients through the development and implementation of an evidence‐based algorithm using quality improvement methodology.ProcedureBaseline data of the target population (n = 42; 60% male; median age 22.5 months, median hemoglobin 5.3 g/dl) identified variability across four key measures of clinical management: laboratory evaluation, therapy choice, therapy administration, and patient disposition. Literature review and consensus from pediatric hematology providers informed a draft algorithm that was refined in an iterative multidisciplinary process. From September 2020 to June 2021, we aimed to increase IDA management per the algorithm by ≥20% relative to baseline for the four key outcome measures using sequential Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycles. Process measures focusing on provider communication/documentation and balancing measures involving efficiency and therapy‐related adverse events were assessed concurrently.ResultsThirty‐five patients were evaluated among four PDSA cycles and shared similar characteristics as the baseline population. Improvements of ≥20% above baseline adherence levels or 100% adherence were achieved for all outcome measure across four PDSA cycles. Adherence to recommended laboratory evaluation improved from 43 (baseline) to 71%, therapy choice from 78 to 100%, therapy administration from 50 to 83%, and disposition from 85 to 100%. ED length of stay remained stable.ConclusionsImplementation of a standardized algorithm for young children with nutritional IDA in the ED increased adherence to evidence‐based patient care.
Identification of polypharmacy patterns in new‐users of metformin using the Apriori algorithm: A novel framework for investigating concomitant drug utilization through association rule mining
Authors: Faquetti Maria Luisa , la Torre Adrian Martinez‐De , Burkard Theresa , Obozinski Guillaume , Burden Andrea M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeWith increased concomitant chronic diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the use of multiple drugs increases as well as the risk of drug–drug interactions (DDI) and adverse drug reactions (ADR). Nevertheless, how medication patterns vary in T2DM patients across different sex and age groups is unclear. This study aims to identify and quantify common drug combinations in first‐time metformin users with polypharmacy (≥5 co‐medications).MethodsNew users of metformin were identified from the IQVIA Medical Research Data incorporating data from THIN, A Cegedim Database (2016–2019). A descriptive cohort study explored prescription patterns in patients with polypharmacy. The Apriori algorithm, used to find frequent item‐sets in databases, was first‐time applied to identify and quantify drug combinations of up to seven drugs to investigate potential harmful polypharmacy patterns.ResultsThe cohort included 34 169 new‐users of metformin, of which 20 854 (61.0%) received polypharmacy. Atorvastatin was the most frequently co‐prescribed drug with metformin overall (38.7%), in women (34.3%) and men (42.6%). In the stratified analysis, a higher proportion of women received polypharmacy (65.6%) compared to men (57.4%). Moreover, the proportion of patients receiving polypharmacy increased with age (18–39 years = 30.4%, 40–59 years = 50.5%, 60–74 years = 70.9%, and ≥75 years = 84.3%).ConclusionThis study is the first to identify and quantify commonly prescribed combinations of drugs compounds in patients with polypharmacy using the Apriori algorithm. The high polypharmacy prevalence at all strata indicates the need to optimize polypharmacy to minimize DDI and ADR.
A 3‐minute recumbent stepper test in chronic stroke
Authors: Carl Daniel L. , Whitesel Dustyn , Meyrose Colleen , Westover Jennifer , Khoury Jane , Gerson Myron , Kissela Brett , Dunning Kari , Boyne Pierce 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersons with stroke often have difficulty achieving target heart rate (HR) during graded exercise testing (GXT), which is known to limit test sensitivity for detecting clinically relevant cardiac conditions. A novel Recumbent Stepper 3‐minute (RS 3Min) “all out” test may increase sensitivity of stress testing after stroke.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of adding the RS 3Min test after GXT among persons after stroke.DesignA within‐participant, nonrandomized, repeated measures design.SettingRehabilitation research laboratory and cardiovascular stress laboratoryParticipantsFifteen participants with chronic stroke (56.7 ± 9.6 years; 6.4 ± 4.3 years post stroke; 8 male).InterventionsAll participants randomly completed (1) a symptom‐limited treadmill GXT and (2) a symptom‐limited RS GXT followed by RS 3Min critical power test.Main Outcome MeasuresHR, ratings of perceived exertion, oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, and power output measured continuously during each test. Blood pressure measured every 2 minutes and or immediately post exercise. P value set at p < .05 from omnibus test for a significant difference among protocols.ResultsThe RS 3Min test had a significantly higher rate of achieving target HR compared to the RS GXT (9/14 vs 4/14, p = .02) and was not significantly different from the treadmill GXT (9/14 vs 5/14, p = .09). Minimum power output during the RS 3Min was significantly higher than peak power output during the RS GXT (110 ± 41 W vs. 84 ± 22 W, p = .02) with 12/15 participants reaching a VO2 plateau.ConclusionsAlthough additional studies with randomized designs are needed, a novel RS 3Min “all out” test appears to be a promising method for enhancing test sensitivity in cardiovascular screening after stroke, while providing a potentially valid measure of critical power.
Dispersal of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) fry in a low gradient stream ‐ implications for egg stocking practices
Authors: Palm Daniel , Losee James , Andersson Susanna , Hellström Gustav , Holmgren Annika , Spong Goran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStocking of eggs is a common strategy to support declining or reintroduce extirpated salmonid populations. Data on how juveniles disperse from stocking points is crucial to be able to design efficient stocking programs. Detailed information of dispersal is limited for many salmonids, for example, brown trout. In this study, dispersal distance was measured at the end of the first growing season in a low gradient (0.7%) stream in Sweden where the trout population had been depleted. Eggs from 17 separate sets of parents were stocked as eyed eggs in March. During the following fall fry were sampled throughout the stream. The majority of the fry dispersed downstream and remained within a distance of 200 m from the stocking point with no difference between sizes of fry and the presence of a competing cohort or not. There was no dissimilarity in dispersal distances across offspring originating from different parents indicating absence of genetic influence. Our results suggest that, in streams similar to our study site, stocking points should be separated by approximately 330 m in order to avoid overlap in habitat use of fry from different stocking points and that the presence of competing cohorts, fry size and within population variability in dispersal can be neglected.
Remote sensing in seagrass ecology: coupled dynamics between migratory herbivorous birds and intertidal meadows observed by satellite during four decades
Authors: Zoffoli Maria Laura , Gernez Pierre , Oiry Simon , Godet Laurent , Dalloyau Sébastien , Davies Bede Ffinian Rowe , Barillé Laurent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTaking into account trophic relationships in seagrass meadows is crucial to explain and predict seagrass temporal trajectories, as well as for implementing and evaluating seagrass conservation policies. However, this type of interaction has been rarely investigated over the long term and at the scale of the whole seagrass habitat. In this work, reciprocal links between an intertidal seagrass species, Zostera noltei, and a herbivorous bird feeding on this seagrass species, the migratory goose Branta bernicla bernicla, were investigated using an original combination of long‐term Earth Observation (EO) and bird census data. Seagrass Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) such as seagrass abundance and phenology were measured from 1985 to 2020 using high‐resolution satellite remote sensing over Bourgneuf Bay (France), and cross‐analysed with in situ measurements of bird population size during the goose wintering season. Our results showed a mutual relationship between seagrass and Brent geese over the four last decades, suggesting that the relationship between the two species extends beyond a simple grass—herbivore consumptive effect. We provided evidence of two types of interactions: (i) a bottom‐up control where the late‐summer seagrass abundance drives the wintering population of herbivorous geese and (ii) an indirect top‐down effect of Brent goose on seagrass habitat, where seagrass development is positively influenced by the bird population during the previous wintering season. Such a mutualistic relationship has strong implications for biodiversity conservation because protecting one species is beneficial to the other one, as demonstrated here by the positive trajectories observed from 1985 to 2020 in both seagrass and bird populations. Importantly, we also demonstrated here that exploring the synergy between EO and in situ bird data can benefit seagrass ecology and ecosystem management.
High‐performance concrete with fine recycled concrete aggregate: Experimental assessment
Authors: Pavlů Tereza , Fořtová Kristina , Mariaková Diana , Řepka Jakub , Vlach Tomáš , Hájek Petr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance concrete (HPC) is a cement‐based material with excellent properties and durability which determines high‐level structural utilization. However, the necessity of high‐quality natural resources such as quartz powder and sand and a high amount of cement and silica fume and reinforcement by fibers causes a high environmental footprint and costs. One of the possible ways to reduce the environmental footprint and cost of the HPC/UHPC is to replace the powder or sand with secondary raw materials. In this study, the two types and three fractions of fine recycled concrete aggregate (fRCA) are used as supplementary materials in HPC. The reference mixture is based on the UHPC mixture without reinforcement to find out the influence of aggregate replacement. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete are examined. The results show a slight decline of mechanical properties however the autogenous shrinkage decrease with the replacement of natural aggregate by fRCA, which shows the possibilities of natural resources savings and thus leads to a lower environmental footprint of concrete structures as a contribution to the solution of sustainable development goals set by the United Nations in 2015 as an action plan up to 2030.
Autochthonous infection with Ehrlichia Canis and Hepatozoon Canis in dogs from Serbia
Authors: Sukara Ratko , Andrić Nenad , Andrić Jelena Francuski , Mihaljica Darko , Veinović Gorana , Ranković Vladan , Tomanović Snežana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiological status concerning many canine tick‐borne diseases (TBDs) in Serbia is still insufficiently known.ObjectivesOur study aimed to investigate the presence of tick‐borne pathogens of the family Anaplasmataceae and Hepatozoon spp., as a cause of illnesses accompanied by clinical signs that can occur in dogs with anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and hepatozoonosis.MethodsDogs are included in the study based on the presence of a minimum of three clinical and/or pathological findings that could be associated with anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and hepatozoonosis. During the study (April–October 2018), 11 dogs met the conditions to be included in the survey. Identification of the causative agent in the blood of diseased dogs was performed by conventional PCR followed by sequencing.ResultsThe presence of the pathogens was confirmed in three animals (3/11, 27.3%). The presence of Ehrlichia canis was confirmed in 3‐month‐old female Rottweiler puppy, an 8‐year old Miniature Schnauzer female was positive for Hepatozoon canis infection, while 4‐year‐old mixed breed male dog was co‐infected with both mentioned pathogens. These are the first cases of autochthonous infection with E. canis and H. canis in dogs from Serbia confirmed by molecular methods.ConclusionsThe results of our study indicate the importance of molecular methods to establish a reliable diagnosis of TBDs. Also, the confirmed presence of causative agents of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and hepatozoonosis in Serbia appeals to veterinary practitioners that it is necessary to exclude the presence of those diseases in suspicious dogs.
Success is dependent on effort: Unraveling characteristics of successful deer and elk hunters
Authors: Rowland Mary M. , Nielson Ryan M. , Wisdom Michael J. , Clark Darren A. , DiDonato Guy T. , Hafer Jennifer M. , Naylor Bridgett J. , Johnson Bruce K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe pursuit of ungulates as game animals, whether for recreation, cultural tradition, or meat, is a dominant activity on public and private lands in North America and much of the world. Strategic regulation of hunting is key for managing game population abundance, age and sex structure, and distribution, with harvest rates a function of both hunter success and participation. Hunter satisfaction is often linked to success and ultimately with hunter recruitment and retention, a growing concern for wildlife agencies. Yet knowledge is lacking about what hunter characteristics or behaviors are linked with success, and how these may differ among common hunt types. We used survey and spatial data from hunters (n = 416) during a 6‐year observational study in northeastern Oregon, USA to characterize hunter traits associated with success for 3 hunt types for antlered males: rifle deer (Odocoileus spp.), archery elk (Cervus canadensis), and rifle elk. We modeled the success for rifle deer and rifle elk hunters using logistic regression models in a Bayesian hierarchical approach. Annual success rates were highly variable, ranging from 4 to 76% for rifle deer and 20 to 56% for rifle elk hunters, and from 0 to 14% for archery elk. Age distributions of hunters were similar across hunt types ( = 47.2 years), and male hunters were ~8 times as common as females (n = 370 vs. n = 46, respectively). Success rates for men and women, however, were comparable within hunt types. Successful hunters spent more hours per day outside camp ( = 7.4 vs. 6.4 for unsuccessful hunters) and expended a slightly larger percentage of their hunting effort on foot ( = 87.8%) than did unsuccessful hunters ( = 84.6%). The best model predicting success of rifle deer hunters was based on hours per day spent outside camp during the hunting hours, with each additional hour increasing odds of success by 26%. For rifle elk hunters, the best model included time outside camp and a binary covariate for scouting. The odds of success increased by 418% for hunters who scouted versus those who did not, and by 18% with each additional hour per day spent hunting outside of camp. Summed model weights indicated that hours per day outside camp and scouting were most informative, and that use of an all‐terrain vehicle, age, and experience were unrelated to hunter success. Both models performed reasonably well (correct classification rates of 0.74 and 0.70 for rifle deer and rifle elk models, respectively). Our study augmented the relatively limited published information about behavioral factors associated with successful harvest of deer and elk, and we recommend additional research to better unravel the nexus of success and hunter characteristics and behavior to help sustain recreational hunting and big game populations.
Analysis of heat transfer using Local thermal non‐equilibrium conditions for a non‐Newtonian fluid flow containing Ti6Al4V and AA7075 nanoparticles in a porous media
Authors: Alsulami M. D. , Naveen Kumar R. , Punith Gowda R. J. , Prasannakumara B. C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe accurate forecasting of thermal processes is one of the primary concerns of those working in the area of heat transfer as well as those in the energy research community. The present investigation makes use of a simplified mathematical model as an illustration in order to investigate the properties of heat transport under the lack of local thermal equilibrium conditions. The LTNE model results in two distinct primary thermal gradients, one for the fluid phase and another for the solid phase. The non‐Newtonian fluid flow containing Ti6Al4V and AA7075 nanoparticles with a base fluid sodium alginate over a stretching sheet in a porous media with magnetic effect is studied here. The shooting approach is used to transform the resultant equations of boundary value problems into initial value problems, which are subsequently solved using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 45 process. The impact of pertinent parameters on the involved fields have been discussed graphically. Results reveal that the increase in porosity and magnetic parameters value decreases velocity and increases thermal performance. An upsurge in inter‐phase heat transfer parameter increases the heat transport rate of solid phase but, decreases the liquid phase heat transport rate.
Introduction
Authors: Peter Henry , Vargas Vasserot Carlos , Alcalde Silva Jaime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, entrepreneurs’ activities and business approaches have evolved considerably. Since the 2008 crisis, and even more so due to the awareness and expectations derived from adopting the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, entrepreneurship has shifted toward more social, environmental, and (good) corporate governance. Many researchers have suggested that laws should be adapted for this new paradigm. The objective is to go beyond the corporate social responsibility practices that a particular company can or has to adopt as a unilateral and external commitment. Therefore, company law has been amended to create new forms or statuses for social enterprises. However, this (r)evolution is far from complete. Different initiatives, including legal reforms in fields other than company law (e.g., public procurement law or competition law), and the commitment from the business community itself, are spreading these ideas as part of the new theory of the firm reflecting companies’ new role in society. The reception of the United Nations’ SDGs foretells that we are facing a paradigm shift in the expectations of companies to obtain a social license to operate. It also exceeds the legal sphere and poses important economic challenges.
How Social Entrepreneurs Create Systemic Change
Authors: Massa Saluzzo Federica , Luzzini Davide , Ricucci Rosa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the main results of a qualitative study conducted in collaboration with Ashoka Spain regarding systemic change and the mechanisms to achieve it. This is part of a larger study that will be conducted over the next few months. This qualitative study compares the characteristics of systemic change in for-profit and nonprofit social enterprises with the goal of understanding the specific mechanisms put in place by the two types of organizations to achieve such deep and sustainable change.
Benefit Corporations and the Common Law Tradition
Authors: McCall Brian M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of benefit corporations is examined from the historical perspective within the common law tradition. In many ways, the recent history of benefit corporations is a restoration of aspects of corporation law that were obscured during the last century. After placing the history of benefit corporations in the broader historical context, this chapter presents an overview of the issues in corporation law that need to be addressed in some way—either legislatively, through court decisions, or private agreement—in order for benefit corporations to function.
Viability of Non-Recognised Benefit Corporations
Authors: Irujo José Miguel Embid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter assesses the viability of benefit corporations within jurisdictions that have not enacted regulations on the issue. In Roman-Latin systems, including Spain, profit is considered to be the cause of the contract from which a company arises. As a result, profit shall be the only purpose of a company. Throughout the 20th century, the academic discussion fostered the view that such a restrictive approach to profit should be abandoned in favour of a more flexible notion of company. Accordingly, these may pursue a wider range of lawful purposes, including ideal or non-profitable goals. Such a flexible approach is supported by most of the legal scholarship although courts maintain a more restrictive view. This chapter reviews the academic debate and sustains the view that benefit corporations may be formed without prior legislative intervention even in jurisdictions that have traditionally applied a for-profit requirement.