bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milestone Review: Excitatory amino acid transporters – Beyond their expected function
Authors: Martinez‐Lozada Zila , Ortega Arturo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, it is critically involved in the function and dysfunction of the central nervous system. The molecular cloning of its ionotropic receptors in the last decade of the past century increased exponentially the interest in this neurotransmitter system. Since then, a plethora of knowledge of the structure, function, and regulation of its receptors and transporters has advanced our understanding of glutamate‐mediated neurochemical transactions. Moreover, the characterization of glial glutamate receptors together with the compulsory participation of surrounding astrocytes in glutamate turnover and in the known metabolic coupling with neurons has supported what is now known as the tripartite synapses. The molecular characterization of the various glutamate transporters has also been fundamental for the involvement of glial cells in glutamatergic synapses. Using radial glial cultures, over the years, we have demonstrated an alternative glutamate‐mediated signaling system triggered by sodium‐dependent glutamate transporters. A detailed account of these findings and the signaling through other glutamate transporters are presented here. The role of this signaling system in the context of glutamatergic transmission is discussed as well as the future directions in the field.image
Potential genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in insomnia: A systematic review
Authors: Palagini Laura , Geoffroy Pierre A. , Gehrman Philip R. , Miniati Mario , Gemignani Angelo , Riemann Dieter 
Published: March 2023

SummaryInsomnia is a stress‐related sleep disorder conceptualised within a diathesis‐stress framework, which it is thought to result from predisposing factors interacting with precipitating stressful events that trigger the development of insomnia. Among predisposing factors genetics and epigenetics may play a role. A systematic review of the current evidence for the genetic and epigenetic basis of insomnia was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) system. A total of 24 studies were collected for twins and family heritability, 55 for genome‐wide association studies, 26 about candidate genes for insomnia, and eight for epigenetics. Data showed that insomnia is a complex polygenic stress‐related disorder, and it is likely to be caused by a synergy of genetic and environmental factors, with stress‐related sleep reactivity being the important trait. Even if few studies have been conducted to date on insomnia, epigenetics may be the framework to understand long‐lasting consequences of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and effects of stress on the brain in insomnia. Interestingly, polygenic risk for insomnia has been causally linked to different mental and medical disorders. Probably, by treating insomnia it would be possible to intervene on the effect of stress on the brain and prevent some medical and mental conditions.
A coordinated ramp metering framework based on heterogeneous causal inference
Authors: Peng Chang , Xu Chengcheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe coordinated ramp metering strategy aims to enhance the traffic flow on freeways by integrating the effects of multiple on‐ramps. The success of this strategy depends heavily on the metering effects of each on‐ramp and the cooperation pattern. To ensure the effectiveness of coordination control, it is essential to design the coordinated strategy based on the causal effect of each ramp flow on the freeway bottleneck. Therefore, this study investigated the heterogeneous causal effects of ramp flow on freeway bottleneck and proposed a coordinated ramp metering framework based on these causal effects. Causal inference was conducted using loop detector data. The estimated heterogeneous causal effect, which varies across traffic conditions, measures the change of bottleneck occupancy resulting from a unit increase in each on‐ramp outflow. This information quantifies the importance of each ramp in real time and can be used to update the ramp weight and metering rate of each ramp controller. To comprehensively test the proposed coordination framework, two instances with different road networks were selected. In the first instance, limiting the on‐ramp flow downstream of the bottleneck was found to be helpful in mitigating the bottleneck. Compared with isolated ramp metering, the proposed algorithm reduced travel delay by 26.0% by considering the heterogeneous causal effects of on‐ramp flow both upstream and downstream of the freeway bottleneck. In the next instance, the proposed algorithm reduced travel delay by 5.8%, compared to a well‐performed feedback‐based coordinated ramp metering algorithm. The results of this study suggest that the use of heterogeneous causal inference is effective in improving the performance of coordinated ramp metering algorithms.
Occurrence of focal myositis during Behçet's disease: The identification of a specific vasculitis‐associated focal myopathy
Authors: Gallay Laure , Hot Arnaud , Allenbach Yves , Maucort‐Boulch Delphine , Comarmond Cloe , Marques Cindy , Perard Laurent , Simon Anne , Mariampillai Kuberaka , Cacoub Patrice , Mery‐Bossard Laure , Cathebras Pascal , Feasson Leonard , Berezne Alice , Morati Chafika , Lessard Lola , Faruch Marie , Streichenberger Nathalie , Saadoun David ,   From the French Behçet's Network
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to report the association of focal myositis (FM) and Behçet's disease (BD) and to analyse the main characteristics of such an association.MethodsThis is a retrospective multicentre study of patients with BD and FM (BD + FM+ group) and those without FM (BD − FM+ group). Clinical, laboratory, radiological, pathological, treatment and outcome data were analysed.ResultsThe BD + FM+ group included 10 patients; the median [interquartile range] age at BD diagnosis was 25 [16–35] years, and at FM diagnosis, it was 30 [26–42] years. The diagnosis of BD preceded FM in the majority of cases (n = 8/10). FM occurrence was associated with BD flare‐ups in three cases. The creatine kinase levels remained normal or slightly increased. Histological analyses identified relatively preserved muscle tissue, associated with vasculitis (n = 5/6). All patients required treatment; most patients relapsed (n = 9/10). The BD − FM+ group included 35 patients. A comparison of the groups identified a trend towards a younger median age at diagnosis of FM among those with BD (p = 0.063) and more frequent focal muscle swelling in the BD + FM+ group (p = 0.029). The pathological analysis identified significantly less frequent muscle alterations in the BD + FM+ group (muscle fibre size heterogeneity, p = 0.021; necrosis, p = 0.007; and fibrosis, p = 0.027). BD + FM+ patients had a higher frequency of relapse (p = 0.003) and systematic treatment (p = 0.042).ConclusionsFM occurring during BD appears to be part of the systemic vasculitis process and presents as a vasculitis‐associated focal myopathy with a specific clinico‐histological pattern. Patients with this association require long‐term follow‐up and adapted management. This case series also highlights the need for research on BD diagnostic criteria in cases of FM.
Dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion following biological control of an invasive plant
Authors: Shen Changchao , Chen Pengdong , Zhang Kaoping , He Minyan , Wan Jinlong , Wang Yi , Tao Zhibin , Huang Wei , Siemann Evan 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Secondary invasions in which nontarget invaders expand following eradication of a target invader commonly occur in habitats with multiple invasive plant species and can prevent recovery of native communities. However, the dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion remain unclear.
Here, we conducted a common garden experiment to test underlying mechanisms of secondary invasion for 14 nontarget invaders after biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in two consecutive years.
We found secondary invasion for all tested nontarget invaders, but secondary invasiveness (change relative to natives) varied with species and time. Specifically, secondary invasiveness depended most strongly on phylogenetic relatedness between the target and nontarget invaders in the first year with closely related nontarget invaders being most invasive. By contrast, secondary invasiveness in the second year was mostly driven by functional traits with taller nontarget invaders or those with higher specific leaf area, or smaller seeds especially invasive.
Our study indicates that secondary invasion is likely to occur wherever other invasive plants co‐occur with an invasive species targeted for control. Furthermore, the most problematic invaders will initially be species closely related to the target invader but then species with rapid growth and high reproduction are most likely to be more aggressive secondary invaders.
AZG1 is a cytokinin transporter that interacts with auxin transporter PIN1 and regulates the root stress response
Authors: Tessi Tomás M. , Maurino Veronica G. , Shahriari Mojgan , Meissner Esther , Novak Ondrej , Pasternak Taras , Schumacher Benjamin S. , Ditengou Franck , Li Zenglin , Duerr Jasmin , Flubacher Noemi S. , Nautscher Moritz , Williams Alyssa , Kazimierczak Zuzanna , Strnad Miroslav , Thumfart Jörg‐Oliver , Palme Klaus , Desimone Marcelo , Teale William D. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
An environmentally responsive root system is crucial for plant growth and crop yield, especially in suboptimal soil conditions. This responsiveness enables the plant to exploit regions of high nutrient density while simultaneously minimizing abiotic stress. Despite the vital importance of root systems in regulating plant growth, significant gaps of knowledge exist in the mechanisms that regulate their architecture.
Auxin defines both the frequency of lateral root (LR) initiation and the rate of LR outgrowth. Here, we describe a search for proteins that regulate root system architecture (RSA) by interacting directly with a key auxin transporter, PIN1. The native separation of Arabidopsis plasma membrane protein complexes identified several PIN1 co‐purifying proteins.
Among them, AZG1 was subsequently confirmed as a PIN1 interactor. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis, AZG1 is a cytokinin (CK) import protein that co‐localizes with and stabilizes PIN1, linking auxin and CK transport streams. AZG1 expression in LR primordia is sensitive to NaCl, and the frequency of LRs is AZG1‐dependent under salt stress.
This report therefore identifies a potential point for auxin:cytokinin crosstalk, which shapes RSA in response to NaCl.
Decolonizing research with Black youths
Authors: Salami Bukola 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBlack youths experience poor mental health especially due to anti‐Black racism. Research related to Black youths have been conducted on Black youths with little or no participation or engagement rather than with Black youths. This paper presents information from a dialogue on decolonizing nursing research. I draw on interviews and conversation cafes with around 120 Black youths in Canada to identify strategies for decolonizing research with Black youths. First, I reflect on my relations with the Indigenous land in which the study was conducted as well as my positionality as a Black woman. In this paper, I discuss how community based participatory action research can integrate capacity building component, amplify youth's voices and capitalize on the agency of youths as fruitful actors. I also reflect on the opportunities and benefits of decolonizing nursing research.
Duration of stages of the Middle Phalanx Maturation method in a contemporary population: A 6‐year longitudinal analysis
Authors: Pozzan Lucia , Zentilin Giulia , Ulian Giulia , Contardo Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the duration and age at the beginning of each stage corresponding to the circumpubertal period in the Middle Phalanx Maturation method (MPM) and to assess the differences between males and females.Materials and MethodsSets of X‐rays of the middle phalanx of the third finger taken at 6‐month intervals were analysed for 246 skeletal Class I subjects (102 females and 144 males) between 9 and 15 years of age. After staging, the duration of each stage was derived from chronological ages, and the difference between males and females for both duration and age at the beginning of each stage was investigated.ResultsThe median duration for MPS2 and MPS3 was 1 year for both sexes, while MPS4 showed a median duration of 1 year in females and 9 months in males, with no significant differences between the sexes. Mean age at the beginning of MPS2 was 10y11m for females and 11y11m for males; for MPS3, it was 11y8m for females and 13y1m for males; for MPS4, it was 12y9m for females and 13y11m for males; for MPS5, it was 13y4m for females and 14y3m for males. The differences between the sexes were statistically significant for all the stages (P < .001).ConclusionsThis study confirms, with relevant sample size, the median duration of 1 year for each MPM stage from MPS2 to MPS4. Despite the distinctive interindividual variability, the interquartile range is 6 months or less for all but one interval, confirming the soundness of the results.
Digital mental health outcome monitoring for a structured text‐based youth counselling intervention: Demographic profile and outcome change
Authors: Blackshaw Emily , Sefi Aaron , Mindel Charlotte , Maher Harry , De Ossorno Garcia Santiago 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDigital mental health interventions comprise a potentially effective and accessible form of support for young people, particularly at times when traditional face‐to‐face service delivery is reduced, as in the COVID‐19 pandemic.AimsThis study assessed the demographic profile of young people using a digital mental health support service and evaluated outcome change over the course of a structured online counselling intervention (synchronous text‐chat sessions with a practitioner).Materials and MethodsThe data were collected from 23,260 young people aged between 10 and 25 years engaging with the intervention between April 2019 and June 2021.ResultsYoung people accessing these services had high levels of mental health needs, particularly those identifying with non‐binary gender identity. Service users were mostly female, with equitable rates of access for young people from racialised communities. Overall outcome change demonstrated small effect sizes according to the YP‐CORE (0.19) and CORE‐10 (0.38), which increased to a moderate level when young people remained engaged with a dedicated practitioner for at least seven sessions (0.38, 0.58). Regression analysis illustrated the effect of the number of sessions on outcome change, but this can be also influenced by other variables such as age and gender.Discussion and ConclusionFurther research is required to explore ways to engage with young people using digital web‐based services for a longer period and to collect and analyse single‐session outcome data.
Complications and treatment errors involving periodontal tissues related to orthodontic therapy
Authors: Jepsen Karin , Sculean Anton , Jepsen Søren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this review, typical clinical complications involving periodontal tissues are illustrated that can be encountered in conjunction with orthodontic therapy (OT). Special considerations are given for various clinical scenarios, such as the patient presenting in periodontal health, with periodontitis, or with mucogingival conditions. While some of the complications are seen as common side effects of OT, other, more severe, problems that could have been avoided may be viewed as treatment errors. Recommendations are made on how to prevent these complications, based on the currently available evidence, on clinical practice guidelines, and on expert opinion. In conclusion, while there are several areas in which OT can have unwanted adverse effects on periodontal/mucogingival conditions, there is also great potential for synergies, offering opportunities for close cooperation between the two specialties (periodontics and orthodontics) for the benefit of patients affected by tooth malpositioning and/or periodontal or mucogingival problems.
Concept or Context? The Exchanges between Ross and Kelsen on Valid Law and Efficacy
Authors: Eng Svein 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to point out the salient patterns of agreement and dis‐ agreement between Alf Ross and Hans Kelsen's analyses of valid law and efficacy. I argue that the disagreement has the character of systemic postulation on the part of both interlocutors. My main thesis is that the disagreement is not one of philosophical principle, but one that must be resolved on the basis of pragmatic considerations, i.e., the choice between the two valid‐law schemes pertains neither to necessity nor to truth, but to expediency and values.
Global DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase and stress‐related gene expression in ovine oocytes and embryos after exposure to metabolic stressors
Authors: Nandi Sumanta , Tripathi Shiv K. , Singh Poonam K. , Gupta Paluru S. P. , Mondal Sukanta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDNA methylation, considered the most prominent epigenetic mark was important for the gene regulation in embryonic development. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of metabolic stressors [Non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β‐hydroxy‐butyric acid (BHB), ammonia and urea] exposure during the in vitro ovine oocyte maturation, global DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase and stress‐related gene expression. Colorimetric analysis of global DNA methylation and the expression of the DNA methyltransferase genes (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) were assessed in the matured oocytes, 2‐cell embryos and blastocysts produced in vitro from oocytes exposed with the metabolic stressors during 24 h of the in vitro maturation (IVM). Further, the mRNA expression of the stress‐related genes (SOD1, SOD2) in the matured oocytes, 2‐cell embryos and blastocysts produced was assessed. Significant difference in global DNA methylation levels between all the treatments tested was observed when compared with control in oocytes, two‐cell embryos and blastocysts. Elevated concentration of metabolic stressors resulted in increased expressions of several stress‐related genes, i.e., SOD1, SOD2 and in mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase genes. The present study is the first to report that the DNA methylation was sensitive to the effects of the metabolic stressors in ovine oocytes/embryos. The aberrant expressions of genes during oocyte development targeted in the present study can provide evidence for the early embryo developmental arrest and blastocysts quality. These results highlighted the sensitivity of the early embryogenesis and more precisely of the reprogramming period to metabolites challenges, in a realistic situation of elevated concentration of metabolic stressors.
Capital controls as a bargaining device: The case of Iceland
Authors: Baldursson Fridrik Mar , Portes Richard , Thorlaksson Eirikur Elis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIceland imposed strict capital controls when its banks failed in October 2008. Legacy problems and a large stock of carry‐trade funds locked in by the controls hindered lifting them, but they also helped in resolving the banks. We formulate and calibrate a bargaining model describing the strategic interaction between Iceland and international investors. Outcomes indicate a judicious bargaining approach by Icelandic authorities which was ultimately successful and led to resolution by settlement. The results are robust to reasonable variations in parameter values and are consistent with outcomes in investment arbitration trials and anecdotal evidence from Icelandic case law.
Advances in understanding the role of dendritic cells in aplastic anaemia
Authors: Gao Mingjie , Zhang Denglu , Xu Ruirong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAplastic anaemia (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by haematopoietic failure in the bone marrow. Abnormal activation and hyperfunction of T lymphocytes are believed to cause bone marrow damage, which plays a major role in AA pathogenesis. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in the immune system by processing antigens for presentation to T cells and regulating their differentiation and function. DC dysfunction may cause abnormal T‐cell activation. Recent studies have associated the occurrence and development of AA with DC function. In this review, we have discussed the role of DCs in AA pathogenesis and their potential as putative therapeutic targets for AA.
“Nature and Society Give Women a Great Habit of Suffering”: Germaine de Staël's Feminism and Its Challenges
Authors: Sabourin Charlotte 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGermaine de Staël (1766–1817), despite having published a considerable body of work, is seldom regarded as a feminist philosopher. Unlike, for instance, Mary Wollstonecraft of the same period, Staël is not directly arguing for the equality of the sexes. She even, at times, makes surprisingly derogatory remarks about women's nature. I argue that she is nevertheless putting forward a brand of difference feminism, which deserves our attention as a contribution to feminist reflections on gender norms in the early modern era. Staël's contribution takes the form of a plea for the improvement of women's lives that engages with the combined action of nature and society. I clarify the meaning that we should ascribe to Staël's frequent appeals to nature and argue that, for her, society and education should be used to correct (alleged) natural weaknesses instead of reinforcing them. I also give an overview of Staël's political proposals toward the improvement of women's lives, which call for a better form of political regime than the one she lived in, as well as a better access to education and a more egalitarian conception of marriage.
Unmasking a silent killer: Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in rural South Africa
Authors: de Vries Annemiek E. M. , Xaba Zanele , Moraba Sehulong R. , Goerlitz Luise , Tempelman Hugo A. , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin , Hermans Lucas E. , Scheuermaier Karine , Devillé Walter L. J. M. , Vos Alinda G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo document the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify factors associated with undiagnosed DM in people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsCross‐sectional study performed at Ndlovu Medical Center, Limpopo, South Africa including PLWH aged ≥18 years. Between August and November 2017, 356 HIV‐positive participants were included. Information was collected on socio‐demographics, DM symptoms and risk factors for DM. IGT and DM were diagnosed using random plasma glucose and/or HbA1c. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM were assessed by comparing participants with newly diagnosed DM to participants without DM.ResultsIGT was diagnosed in 172 (48.3%) participants. Twenty‐nine (8.1%) participants met the definition of DM, of whom 17 (58.6%) were newly diagnosed. Compared to participants without DM, participants with DM were on average 5 years older, were more likely to have a positive family history for DM, were less physically active and had higher systolic blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM included age ≥45 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.59) and physical inactivity (OR = 3.17).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IGT and DM among PLWH is high and more than half of DM cases were undiagnosed. Regular screening for DM in PLWH is recommended, especially in an ageing population with additional cardiovascular disease risk factors.