bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Bone Shape and Alignment Analyzed Using Statistical Shape Modeling With Severity of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Buldt Andrew K. , Gregory Jenny S. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Allan Jamie J. , Tan Jade M. , Auhl Maria , Landorf Karl B. , Roddy Edward , Marshall Michelle , Menz Hylton B. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the relationship between bone shape and radiographic severity in individuals with first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis (first MTP joint OA).MethodsWeightbearing lateral and dorsoplantar radiographs were obtained for the symptomatic foot of 185 participants (105 females, aged 22 to 85 years) with clinically diagnosed first MTP joint OA. Participants were classified into none/mild, moderate, or severe categories using a standardized atlas. An 80‐point model for lateral radiographs and 77‐point model for dorsoplantar radiographs was used to define independent modes of variation using statistical shape modeling software. Odds ratios adjusted for confounders were calculated using ordinal regression to determine the association between radiographic severity and mode scores.ResultsAfter assessment and grading of radiographs, 35 participants (18.9%) were included in the none/mild first MTP joint OA severity category, 69 (37.2%) in the moderate severity category, and 81 (43.7%) in the severe category. For lateral‐view radiographs, 16 modes of variation were included, which collectively represented 83.2% of total shape variance. Of these, four modes were associated with radiographic severity. For dorsoplantar‐view radiographs, 15 modes of variation were included, representing 82.6% of total shape variance. Of these, six modes were associated with radiographic severity.ConclusionsVariations in the shape and alignment of the medial cuneiform, first metatarsal, and proximal and distal phalanx of the hallux are significantly associated with radiographic severity of first MTP joint OA. Prospective studies are required to determine whether bone shape characteristics are associated with the development and/or progression of this condition.
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Event‐triggered adaptive control for a class of switched nonlinear interconnected systems
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhao Lingli , Chen Xiang , Xiang Zhengrong , Yang Xinsong 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIn this article, the adaptive event‐triggered control issue is researched for a kind of switched nonlinear interconnected systems subject to unknown backlash‐like hysteresis and control coefficients. The fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. To deal with the unknown control coefficients, the Nussbaum method and adaptive control are introduced. The proposed event‐triggered controller can effectively lessen the communication burden, meanwhile, the Zeno behavior is eliminated. It is guaranteed that the system outputs can track the reference signals and all the system signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of this control scheme.
3D Printing of MXene‐Enhanced Ferroelectric Polymer for Ultrastable Zinc Anodes
Authors: Zhu Guoyin , Zhang Hongcheng , Lu Jingqi , Hou Yanan , Liu Pin , Dong Shengyang , Pang Huan , Zhang Yizhou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractZinc (Zn) metal anodes of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical capacities, low redox potentials, and low cost. However, uncontrollable dendrite formation and side reactions can result in limited reversible cycling and quick failure of the batteries. Herein, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based protection layer (PVDF‐MXene) with high β‐phase content is built by the 3D printing method. The synergistic effect attributed to the 3D printing approach and MXene nanosheets contributes to phase transition of the PVDF polymer chains from α‐phase to β‐phase, improving the ferroelectric properties of the printed PVDF films. Such a protection layer can manipulate the concentration distribution of zinc ions and enable the uniform growth of zinc plates. As a result, symmetrical zinc batteries using such anodes (PVDF‐MXene‐Zn) exhibit reversible Zn plating/stripping with low voltage hysteresis at 1.0 mA cm−2, 1.0 mAh cm−2 for over 4200 h, and a high‐rate capability up to 10 mA cm−2. When assembled with MnO2 and activated carbon, the resulting Zn‐MnO2 battery and zinc‐ion capacitor exhibited significantly enhanced cycling stability. The proposed strategy in this study provides a novel strategy for the protection of the zinc anode, thus promoting the practical application of ZIBs.
Activated Single Photon Emitters And Enhanced Deep‐Level Emissions in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Strain Crystal
Authors: Chen Xiang , Yue Xinxin , Zhang Lifu , Xu Xiaodan , Liu Fang , Feng Min , Hu Zhenpeng , Yan Yuan , Scheuer Jacob , Fu Xuewen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe peculiar defect‐related photon emission processes in 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have become a topic of intense research due to their potential applications in quantum information and sensing technologies. Here, it is reported on exotic single photons and enhanced deep‐level emissions in 2D hBN strain crystal, which is fabricated by transferring multilayer hBN onto hexagonal close‐packed silica spheres on a silica substrate. Effective activation of single photon emission is realized from the defect ensembles in the multilayer hBN at positions that are in contact with the apex of the SiO2 spheres. At these points, the local tensile strain‐induced overall blue shift of the SPE ensembles is up to 12 nm. Furthermore, high spatial resolution cathodoluminescence measurements show remarkable strain‐enhanced deep‐level emissions in the multilayer hBN with the emission intensity distribution following the periodic hexagonal pattern of the strain crystal. The maximum deep‐level emission enhancement is up to 350% with an energy redshift of 6 nm. These results provide a simple on‐chip compatible method for activating and tuning the defect‐related photon emissions in multilayer hBN, demonstrating the potential of hBN strain crystal as a building block for future on‐chip quantum nanophotonic devices.
In Situ Construction of Zwitterionic Polymer Electrolytes with Synergistic Cation–Anion Regulation Functions for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Chongyang , Wang Shi , Wu Xinyi , Xiao Shijun , Liu Chao , Cai Henan , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHere, inspired by the unique mesh geometry of fishing nets and the knotted fiber structures that can simultaneously enhance both the strength and deformability of the materials, new crosslinkers and elastic components into the polyzwitterionic electrolytes to construct high‐strength and ultra‐flexible fishing‐net‐like structure electrolytes are introduced. Specifically, the crosslinker rich in –NH can not only form chemical crosslinking points between polyzwitterion and elastic segments, but also physical crosslinking points, resulting in high strength of the electrolytes. Additionally, the elastic segments provide the electrolytes with super flexibility, strongly reducing the interface resistance of devices. Moreover, the backbone of polymers can collectively regulate anions and Li+, realizing stable Li+ deposition and suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. As a consequence, the Li||Li symmetric cell can be stably cycled at 0.1 mA h−1 for over 5500 h at 30 °C, and the assembled Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) and Li/ LiNi0.8Co0.1M0.1 (NCM 811) cells both show good cell performances at various C‐rates at 30 °C. This work provides a new perspective for the construction of polymer electrolytes with synergistic cation–anion regulation functions for high safety and high energy density solid‐state lithium batteries.
Multi‐Functional Atomically Thin Oxides from Bismuth Liquid Metal
Authors: Guo Xiangyang , Nguyen Chung Kim , Syed Nitu , Ravindran Anil , Islam Md Akibul , Filleter Tobin , Cao Kun , Wang Yichao , Mazumder Aishani , Xu Chenglong , Walia Sumeet , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Scholten Sam C. , Robertson Islay O. , Healey Alexander J. , Tetienne Jean‐Philippe , Lu Teng , Liu Yun , Elbourne Aaron , Daeneke Torben , Holland Anthony , Russo Salvy P. , Li Yongxiang , Zavabeti Ali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAtomically thin, mechanically flexible, memory‐functional, and power‐generating crystals play a crucial role in the technological advancement of portable devices. However, the adoption of these crystals in such technologies is sometimes impeded by expensive and laborious synthesis methods, as well as the need for large‐scale, mechanically stable, and air‐stable materials. Here, an instant‐in‐air liquid metal printing process utilizing liquid bismuth (Bi) is presented, forming naturally occurring, air‐stable, atomically thin, mechanically flexible nanogenerators and ferroelectric oxides. Despite the centrosymmetric nature of the monoclinic P21/c system of achieved α‐Bi2O3‐δ the high kinetics of liquid metal synthesis leads to the formation of vacancies that disrupt the symmetry which is confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The polarization switching is measured and utilized for ferroelectric nanopatterning. The exceptional attributes of these atomically thin multifunctional stable oxides, including piezoelectricity, mechanical flexibility, and polarizability, present significant opportunities for developing nano‐components that can be seamlessly integrated into a wide range of devices.
Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High‐Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications
Authors: Dudipala Kavya Reddy , Le Thanh‐Hai , Nie Wanyi , Hoye Robert L. Z. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a rapid rise in the performance of optoelectronic devices based on lead‐halide perovskites (LHPs). The large mobility‐lifetime products and defect tolerance of these materials, essential for optoelectronics, also make them well‐suited for radiation detectors, especially given the heavy elements present, which is essential for strong X‐ray and γ‐ray attenuation. Over the past decade, LHP thick films, wafers, and single crystals have given rise to direct radiation detectors that have outperformed incumbent technologies in terms of sensitivity (reported values up to 3.5 × 106 µC Gyair−1 cm−2), limit of detection (directly measured values down to 1.5 nGyair s−1), along with competitive energy and imaging resolution at room temperature. At the same time, lead‐free perovskite‐inspired materials (e.g., methylammonium bismuth iodide), which have underperformed in solar cells, have recently matched and, in some areas (e.g., in polarization stability), surpassed the performance of LHP detectors. These advances open up opportunities to achieve devices for safer medical imaging, as well as more effective non‐invasive analysis for security, nuclear safety, or product inspection applications. Herein, the principles behind the rapid rises in performance of LHP and perovskite‐inspired material detectors, and how their properties and performance link with critical applications in non‐invasive diagnostics are discussed. The key strategies to engineer the performance of these materials, and the important challenges to overcome to commercialize these new technologies are also discussed.
Stabilizing the Deep Sodiation Process in Layered Sodium Manganese Cathodes by Anchoring Boron Ions
Authors: Yang Tingting , Li Qiang , Liu Zhengbo , Li Tianyi , Wiaderek Kamila M. , Liu Yingxia , Yin Zijia , Lan Si , Wang Wei , Tang Yu , Ren Yang , Liu Qi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdvanced high‐energy‐density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are inseparable from cathode materials with high specific capacities. Layered manganese‐rich oxides (NaxMnO2, 0.6 ≤ x ≤1) are promising cathode materials owing to their ease of intercalation and extraction of a considerable amount of sodium ions. However, lattice interactions, especially electrostatic repulsive forces and anisotropic stresses, are usually caused by deep desodiatin/sodiation process, resulting in intragranular cracks and capacity degradation in SIBs. Here, boron ions are introduced into the layered structure to build up B─O─Mn bonds. The regulated electronic structure in Na0.637B0.038MnO2 (B‐NMO) materials inhibits the deformation of MnO6 octahedra, which finally achieves a gentle structural transition during the deep sodiation process. B‐NMO electrode exhibits a high capacity (141 mAh g–1) at 1 C with a capacity retention of 81% after 100 cycles. Therefore, anchoring boron to manganese‐rich materials inhibits the detrimental structural evolution of deep sodiation and can be used to obtain excellent cathode materials for SIBs.
Nanoscale Size Control of Si Pyramid Texture for Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells Enabling Solution‐Based Perovskite Top‐Cell Fabrication and Improved Si Bottom‐Cell Response
Authors: Li Yuqing , Sai Hitoshi , McDonald Calum , Xu Zhihao , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Usami Noritaka , Matsui Takuya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell architecture is employed to surpass the single‐junction efficiency limit. Recently, there is an increasing need for the double‐sided textures in the Si bottom cell to be compatible with the solution‐processed perovskite top cell from an industrial perspective. Herein, a silver‐assisted alkaline etching method is applied to fabricate nanoscale Si pyramid textures, and the influence of varying pyramid size (400–900 nm) on the interface morphology and the performance of perovskite/Si tandem cells is investigated. It is demonstrated that electrical shunting starts to increase, and the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) decreases when the texture size exceeds the perovskite thickness (~500nm) due to the non‐uniform top‐cell formation on a rough Si surface. However, when the texture size is reduced to 400–500 nm, all spin‐coated perovskite top‐cell component layers exhibit an even form over the nanopyramid Si, resulting in a high VOC and an enhanced Si bottom cell current (≈1.0 mA cm−2) due to the suppressed reflectance at the top/bottom cell interface without using optical couplers. The double‐sided nanopyramid Si texture offers opportunities to increase tandem cell efficiency while reducing its production cost compared with the commonly used single‐sided textured Si.
Recognition of Spatial Finiteness in Meniscus Splitting Based on Evaporative Interface Fluctuations
Authors: Wu Leijie , Saito Isamu , Hongo Kenta , Okeyoshi Kosuke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe geometric deformation of viscous fingering is useful for understanding natural multiscale patterns and designing dissipative structures in materials. Although the spatio‐temporal patterns in soft materials are reported previously, there is a lack of research on the spatial finiteness and boundary effects. In this study, the recognition of spatial finiteness in “meniscus splitting phenomena” in aqueous polymer dispersions during water evaporation is demonstrated. By providing heat energy to polymer dispersions in a Hele‐Shaw cell, an interface fluctuation with concentration unevenness is induced to split the evaporative interface. The spatial finiteness of the interface causes asynchronous nucleation, which is demonstrated using polysaccharide dispersions. The results of the quasi‐natural experiments revealed that the nonequilibrium drying/wetting period for repositioning polymer clusters allows for considerable changes in Reynolds number in a low range (<10−6) to form multiple nuclei. This splitting method will be universally useful in various fields, including fluid dynamics, biology, and microfluidics, as well as non‐equilibrium, colloid, interface, polymer, and materials sciences.
A Processing and Analytics System for Microscopy Data Workflows: The Pycroscopy Ecosystem of Packages
Authors: Vasudevan Rama Krishnan , Valleti Sai Mani , Ziatdinov Maxim , Duscher Gerd , Somnath Suhas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMajor advancements in fields as diverse as biology and quantum computing have relied on a multitude of microscopy techniques. Despite the considerable proliferation of these instruments, significant bottlenecks remain in terms of processing, analysis, storage, and retrieval of the acquired datasets. Aside from lack of file standards, individual domain‐specific analysis packages are often disjoint from the underlying datasets, and thus keeping track of analysis and processing steps remains tedious for the end‐user, hampering reproducibility. Here, the pycroscopy ecosystem of packages is introduced, an open‐source python‐based ecosystem underpinned by a common data model. The data model, termed the N‐dimensional spectral imaging data format, is realized in pycroscopy's sidpy package. This package is built on top of dask arrays, thus leveraging dask array attributes, but expanding them to accelerate microscopy relevant analysis and visualization. Several examples of the use of the pycroscopy ecosystem to create workflows for data ingestion and analysis of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and scanning probe microscopy data are shown. Adoption of such standardized routines will be critical to usher in the next generation of autonomous instruments where processing, computation, and meta‐data storage will be critical to overall experimental operations.
An Analytical Model of Light Scattering by Birefringent Polycrystalline Dielectrics Using Perturbation of Maxwell's Equations
Authors: Shachar Meir H. , Garay Javier E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolycrystalline materials have shown promise in advanced optical applications because of their unique optical and mechanical properties. Most polycrystalline materials have non‐uniform optical properties due to residual porosity, secondary phases, and/or crystalline anisotropies (e.g., birefringence). These optical inhomogeneities manifest as scattering that reduces the transparency of the polycrystal. Even in the case of a single‐phase polycrystal with negligible porosity, birefringence scattering will always be present whenever the crystal is anisotropic (non‐cubic). Multiple models for predicting birefringence scattering have been suggested in the literature that are successful in describing scattering loss in specific material systems. Here a first‐principles model of birefringent scattering that is applicable to any single‐phase, unaligned transparent polycrystal is derived. The model can treat grain size distributions and is not limited to a specific material system. The derivation culminates in an equation that describes birefringence scattering coefficient spectra using the single‐crystal refractive index tensor and chord length distribution (measured from a representative polished surface micrograph). The model should be useful for designing materials and characterization. For example, it can be used to predict transmissions of transparent polycrystals for a range of grain sizes or to characterize the average grain size using a transmission measurement.
An Analysis of Antioxidant Therapies for COVID‐19
Authors: Holt Alan , Davies Adrian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOxidative stress and inflammation are observed in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). As oxidative stress is due to free radicals, free radical scavenging agents, such as vitamin C, are used in the hope of mitigating the severity of COVID‐19. In this paper an analytical model of free radical encounters within a cell is derived. It computes the effectiveness of free radical scavenging and the subsequent reduction in oxidative damage due to therapeutic intervention of exogenous antioxidants. Various publications make claims of success, albeit modest, treating critically ill COVID‐19 patients with high doses of vitamin C. The findings cast doubt on these claims and challenge the notion that any benefits attributed to vitamin C are due to free radical scavenging.
Lifestyle and patterns of physical activity in Hadza foragers
Authors: Sayre M. Katherine , Anyawire Mariamu , Paolo Bunga , Mabulla Audax Z. P. , Pontzer Herman , Wood Brian M. , Raichlen David A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesPhysically active lifestyles are associated with several health benefits. Physical activity (PA) levels are low in post‐industrial populations, but generally high throughout life in subsistence populations. The Hadza are a subsistence‐oriented foraging population in Tanzania known for being physically active, but it is unknown how recent increases in market integration may have altered their PA patterns. In this study, we examine PA patterns for Hadza women and men who engage in different amounts of traditional foraging.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and seventy seven Hadza participants (51% female, 19–87 years) wore an Axivity accelerometer (dominant wrist) for ~6 days during dry season months. We evaluated the effects of age, sex, and lifestyle measures on four PA measures that capture different aspects of the PA profile.ResultsParticipants engaged in high levels of both moderate‐intensity PA and inactivity. Although PA levels were negatively associated with age, older participants were still highly active. We found no differences in PA between participants living in more traditional “bush” camps and those living in more settled “village” camps. Mobility was positively associated with step counts for female participants, and schooling was positively associated with inactive time for male participants.ConclusionsThe similarity in PA patterns between Hadza participants in different camp types suggests that high PA levels characterize subsistence lifestyles generally. The sex‐based difference in the effects of mobility and schooling on PA could be a reflection of the Hadza's gender‐based division of labor, or indicate that changes to subsistence‐oriented lifestyles impact women and men in different ways.