bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant pathogenesis: Toward multidimensional understanding of the microbiome
Authors: Lv Tianxing , Zhan Chengfang , Pan Qianqian , Xu Haorong , Fang Hongda , Wang Mengcen , Matsumoto Haruna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSingle pathogen‐targeted disease management measure has shown drawbacks in field efficacy under the scenario of global change. An in‐depth understanding of plant pathogenesis will provide a promising solution but faces the challenges of the emerging paradigm involving the plant microbiome. While the beneficial impact of the plant microbiome is well characterized, their potential role in facilitating pathological processes has so far remained largely overlooked. To address these unsolved controversies and emerging challenges, we hereby highlight the pathobiome, the disease‐assisting portion hidden in the plant microbiome, in the plant pathogenesis paradigm. We review the detrimental actions mediated by the pathobiome at multiple scales and further discuss how natural and human triggers result in the prevalence of the plant pathobiome, which would probably provide a clue to the mitigation of plant disease epidemics. Collectively, the article would advance the current insight into plant pathogenesis and also pave a new way to cope with the upward trends of plant disease by designing the pathobiome‐targeted measure.
Concurrent administration of farnesol protects acetaminophen‐induced acute hepatic necrosis in mice
Authors: Gayatri Devi Ramalingam , Ezhilarasan Devaraj 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause acute liver injury and acute liver failure in Western countries. This study investigates the protective role of farnesol (FAR) (C15H26O), a natural sesquiterpene alcohol in essential oils, against APAP‐induced acute liver necrosis in mice. Mice were injected with a single dose of APAP (300 mg/kg) via an intraperitoneal route. Different groups of mice were concurrently treated with a single dose of FAR 25 mg/kg, FAR 50 mg/kg, and N‐acetylcysteine. APAP administration caused a significant increase in transaminase activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and liver tissue, respectively, with a concomitant decrease in intracellular antioxidants, including reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissue. APAP intoxication upregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and IκB kinase β in the liver tissue. FAR and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) administrations concurrently with APAP prevented serum transaminase increase in serum and MDA levels in the liver tissue. A high dose of FAR and NAC treatments significantly inhibited GSH and other antioxidant depletion. FAR and NAC treatments also downregulated the expression of proinflammatory markers. FAR treatments protects against APAP‐induced acute liver injury and offers antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway involved in the transcription of genes responsible for inflammatory cytokine synthesis.
New findings about comparing the effects of antibiotic therapy and phage therapy on memory and hippocampal pyramidal cells in rats
Authors: Darbandi Niloufar , Komijani Majid , Tajiani Zahra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant cause of infection in burn wounds. Antibiotics are widely used to treat infectious diseases, and alongside their therapeutic benefits, they can damage host cells. Significant side effects, such as nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, are observed in 60% of patients treated with colistin. Therefore, using a suitable alternative instead of antibiotics is paramount. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phage therapy and antibiotic therapy on memory function in rats with P. aeruginosa infected burn wounds.MethodsAdult male rats were divided into three groups: (1) infected without treatment (control), (2) infected and treated with colistin antibiotic (3,000,000 international units/kg/day), and (3) infected and treated with 100 μL of phage suspension (approximately 109 PFU/mL). In all animals, after anesthesia, a third‐degree burn was created in the back area. One hour later, treatment was performed for seven consecutive days. Passive avoidance test, novel object recognition test, locomotion activity, hippocampal neuron count, and oxidative stress measurement in blood serum were performed.ResultsIn antibiotic‐treated group memory recall, recognition index, number of healthy neurons in CA1, CA2, and CA3 hippocampus areas and the amounts of MDA, and FRAP significantly decreased compared with the control group. The phage‐treated group was not shown any harmful effect on the memory process, number of healthy hippocampal neurons, and showed more positive effects in blood serum examinations compared with the antibiotic group.ConclusionsPhage therapy could be a safe and effective alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of burn‐related infections.
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in mice and in humans: An untargeted metabolomics perspective
Authors: Peters Tessa M. A. , Engelke Udo F. H. , de Boer Siebolt , Reintjes Joris T. G. , Roullet Jean‐Baptiste , Broekman Sanne , de Vrieze Erik , van Wijk Erwin , Wamelink Mirjam M. C. , Artuch Rafael , Barić Ivo , Merx Jona , Boltje Thomas J. , Martens Jonathan , Willemsen Michèl A. A. P. , Verbeek Marcel M. , Wevers Ron A. , Gibson K. Michael , Coene Karlien L. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare neurometabolic disorder caused by disruption of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway. A more detailed understanding of its pathophysiology, beyond the accumulation of GABA and gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), will increase our understanding of the disease and may support novel therapy development. To this end, we compared biochemical body fluid profiles from SSADHD patients with controls using next‐generation metabolic screening (NGMS). Targeted analysis of NGMS data from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a moderate increase of aspartic acid, glutaric acid, glycolic acid, 4‐guanidinobutanoic acid, and 2‐hydroxyglutaric acid, and prominent elevations of GHB and 4,5‐dihydroxyhexanoic acid (4,5‐DHHA) in SSADHD samples. Remarkably, the intensities of 4,5‐DHHA and GHB showed a significant positive correlation in control CSF, but not in patient CSF. In an established zebrafish epilepsy model, 4,5‐DHHA showed increased mobility that may reflect limited epileptogenesis. Using untargeted metabolomics, we identified 12 features in CSF with high biomarker potential. These had comparable increased fold changes as GHB and 4,5‐DHHA. For 10 of these features, a similar increase was found in plasma, urine and/or mouse brain tissue for SSADHD compared to controls. One of these was identified as the novel biomarker 4,5‐dihydroxyheptanoic acid. The intensities of selected features in plasma and urine of SSADHD patients positively correlated with the clinical severity score of epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms of those patients, and also showed a high mutual correlation. Our findings provide new insights into the (neuro)metabolic disturbances in SSADHD and give leads for further research concerning SSADHD pathophysiology.
Detection of microplastic samples based on spatial heterodyne microscopic differential Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Hui , Xue Qingsheng , Lu Fengqin , Dong Yang , Wang Fupeng , Li Qian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs a new global pollutant, microplastics have been widely a concern in recent years. The traditional microplastic detection technology has the disadvantages of weak signal, high cost, and complicated operation. Therefore, this paper designs and builds a set of spatial heterodyne microscopic differential Raman spectroscopy (SHMDRS) system for microplastic detection. The system combines the spatial heterodyne system (SHS) with the microscopic differential Raman system (MDRS). The system was simulated and designed by ZEMAX software, and the SHMDRS system was built on the experimental platform. The 531.742‐ and 532.567‐nm dual‐wavelength lasers were used as the excitation light source. Four kinds of microplastic samples, namely, PS, PC, PP, and HDPE, were tested to verify the feasibility of the system. Under the integration time of 10 s and the laser power of 200 mW, the microplastic samples were detected by the SHMDRS system and dispersive spectrometer, respectively. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of Raman spectra of different systems was compared and calculated. The differential Raman spectra of four kinds of microplastic samples were obtained by dual‐wavelength laser, and the pure Raman spectra of four kinds of microplastic samples were restored by multiple constrained iterative algorithm. The results show that the spectral resolution of the SHMDRS system is 2.809 cm−1, and the spectral range is 255.47–2023.21 cm−1. The SNRs of the Raman spectra obtained by the SHMDRS system are better than those of the dispersive spectrometer, and the differential Raman spectroscopy can effectively remove the interference of the fluorescence background. This method has a good development prospect.
Polarization Detection of Terahertz Waves using All‐Silicon Metasurfaces with Tightly Focusing Behavior
Authors: Li Hui , Zheng Chenglong , Duan Shouxin , Li Jie , Xu Hang , Li Yifan , Song Chunyu , Yang Fan , Yue Zhen , Shi Wei , Zhang Yating , Shen Yun , Yao Jianquan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe manipulation of polarization states is reflected in the tailoring of light–matter interactions and has great applications in fundamental science. Nevertheless, the conventional polarization‐separated detection behavior in the terahertz (THz) band is very challenging when applied to visualize the incident polarization state since its measurement requires sophisticated instrumentation. Here, the feasibility of its reconstruction of the full‐Stokes parameter matrix in the THz band is explored by establishing an all‐silicon decoupled metasurface based on the polarization multiplexing encoding technique. The pixelated focal spots gathered in the target plane allow us to employ more elaborate methods to extract the characteristic parameters of the incident polarization states. The resolvability of the THz polarization detection behavior with a single focal spot is further optimized benefiting from the longitudinal polarization component (Ez) generated by the tightly focused beam in the propagation direction. The capability of the Ez‐component in determining the key parameters that compose the polarization ellipse is evaluated by predefining the random incident polarization on a standard Poincaré sphere. Thus, the proposed scheme offers significant advantages in future THz communications, providing opportunities for ultra‐compact, high‐resolution full‐Stokes polarization imaging and multidimensional information processing.
Contribution of Indigenous Peoples' understandings and relational frameworks to invasive alien species management
Authors: Wehi Priscilla M. , Kamelamela Katie L. , Whyte Kyle , Watene Krushil , Reo Nicholas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduced species that spread and become invasive are recognised as a major threat to global biological diversity, ecosystem resilience and economic stability. Eradication is often a default conservation management strategy even when it may not be feasible for a variety of reasons. Assessment of the substantive socioeconomic and ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS), both negative and positive, is increasingly viewed as an important step in management.We argue that one solution to IAS management is to align models of alien species management with Indigenous management frameworks that are relational and biocultural. We make the theoretical case that centring Indigenous management frameworks promises to strengthen overall management responses and outcomes because they attend directly to human and environmental justice concerns.We unpack the origins of the ‘introduced species paradigm’ to understand how binary framing of so‐called ‘aliens’ and ‘natives’ recalls harmful histories and alienates Indigenous stewardship. Such a paradigm thereby may limit application of Indigenous frameworks and management, and impede long‐term biodiversity protection solutions.We highlight how biocultural practices applied by Indigenous Peoples to IAS centre protecting relationships, fulfilling responsibilities and realising justice.Finally, we argue for a pluralistic vision that acknowledges multiple alternative Indigenous relationships and responses to introduced and IAS which can contribute to vibrant futures where all elements of society, including kin in the natural world, are able to flourish.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Rare tumors
Authors: Schultz Kris Ann P. , Chintagumpala Murali , Piao Jin , Chen Kenneth S. , Gartrell Robyn , Christison‐Lagay Emily , Berry Jesse L. , Shah Rachana , Laetsch Theodore W. ,   the Children's Oncology Group Rare Tumor Committee
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Children's Oncology Group (COG) Rare Tumor Committee includes the Infrequent Tumor and Retinoblastoma subcommittees, encompassing a wide range of extracranial solid tumors that do not fall within another COG disease committee. Current therapeutic trial development focuses on nasopharyngeal carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, colorectal carcinoma, melanoma, and thyroid carcinoma. Given the rarity of these tumors, novel strategies and international collaborative efforts are necessary to advance research and improve outcomes.
Thermo‐mechanical property enhancement of rigid polyurethane foam using silica and alumina as hybrid fillers over single filler
Authors: Polimera Srihith , Gali A. , Nath Susanta Kumar , Rahaman Ariful , Chandan Mohammed Rehaan , Balakumaran S. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSilica and alumina particles were loaded in the rigid polyurethane foam composite as hybrid fillers. After the successful addition of silica and alumina as fillers, various properties of the foam composite were enhanced up to a particular weight percentage (7.5 wt% of silica and alumina each) with respect to alumina loaded foams. Hard urea domains are well distributed in the urethane matrix which indicates the absence of the peak representing H‐bonded urea in the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy results. The addition of hybrid fillers into the rigid polyurethane foam matrix improved the compressive strength of the foam composite by 14% in comparison to alumina loaded foams due to the synergistic effect of the hybrid fillers. The foam composite at 7.5 wt% loading of hybrid fillers was successful in decreasing the thermal conductivity by 9% with respect to the thermal conductivity of the unloaded foam. There was a reduction in the gross calorific value up to 7% in the hybrid filler loaded foam composite when compared with that of the alumina loaded composite. Hence, hybrid fillers should be added to enhance the composite's properties by a greater extent.Highlights
From the compressive test results, an increase in the compressive strength up to 14% was observed in the samples loaded with hybrid fillers with respect to the samples loaded with alumina due to the synergistic effects of the two fillers.
For the foam composite loaded with alumina, the gross calorific value decreased up to 6% when compared to the unloaded foam. The gross calorific value decreased by a further 7% when hybrid fillers were added to the polyurethane foam composite with respect to the alumina loaded foam composite. The foam composite loaded with 7.5 weight % of hybrid fillers had lower values of thermal conductivity when compared with that of the unloaded polyurethane foam.
We propose the addition of both alumina and silica as hybrid filler particles as they enhanced the various properties of the polyurethane foam composite to a greater extent than the addition of alumina particles as a single filler and have potential to replace unloaded polyurethane foams in different applications.
Body image and hopelessness in older adults: The intervening roles of aging self‐stereotypes and marital status
Authors: Lin Yao , Xu Nawei , Zhang Baoshan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine the association between body image and hopelessness as well as the roles of aging self‐stereotypes and marital status in this association in older adults. There were 821 older adults who participated in the present study and completed questionaries about body image, aging self‐stereotypes, hopelessness, demographic information (age and sex), marital status, and health status. The results showed that body image was associated with hopelessness in older adults, and aging self‐stereotypes mediated the link between body image and hopelessness. Moderated analyses further indicated that the path from body image to aging self‐stereotypes was stronger for single older adults than for those who were married. The results emphasize that older adults' dissatisfaction with their body image can enhance negative aging self‐stereotypes, which then result in more severe hopelessness. Marital relationships can alleviate the negative effect of body image on aging self‐stereotypes in older adults.
Fear facilitates utilitarian moral judgments: Evidence from a moral judgment task
Authors: Tao Yanqiang , Dong Jia , Niu Haiqun , Lv Yichao , He Xiaoyan , Zhang Shuang , Liu Xiangping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrevious research on moral judgment (MJ) has focused on understanding the cognitive processes and emotional factors that influence different types of moral judgment tasks, such as personal and impersonal dilemmas. However, few studies have distinguished between the emotions related to cognition and the complex emotions specifically caused by MJ tasks. This gap in knowledge is important to address to have a better understanding of how emotions influence moral judgment. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fear and the role of moral emotions on MJ. Data were collected from 145 participants through jsPsych and analyzed using mixed‐model analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis. The study found that individuals who were triggered by the fear increased the number of utilitarian moral judgments in personal moral scenarios and lengthened the cognitive process, but not in impersonal moral dilemmas. Hence, we speculate that fear may play a cognitive role in personal moral dilemmas and an emotional role in impersonal moral dilemmas. Another finding is that the complex moral emotions arising from the moral decision‐making process may affect the effectiveness of fear and potentially influence moral judgments. However, this study adopts a cautious attitude toward these discoveries, and further verification of this hypothesis should be conducted in the future.
Clinical and genetic findings in 13 Chinese children with keratinopathic ichthyosis
Authors: Yang Zhou , Xu Zhe , He Rui , Xiang Xin , Zhang Bin , Ma Lin 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTImportanceKeratinopathic ichthyosis (KPI) represents a group of predominantly autosomal dominant genodermatoses resulting from mutations in the KRT1, KRT2, or KRT10 genes. In KPI, the relationship between genotype and phenotype is complex.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical manifestations and gene mutations in Chinese patients with KPI.MethodsClinical data were collected from 13 children diagnosed with KPI, and peripheral blood DNA samples were extracted from both the patients and their parents Next‐generation sequencing was performed using a congenital ichthyosis multi‐gene panel, and the selected variants in the patients and their parents were further validated using the Sanger sequencing method.ResultsGenetic analysis identified missense mutations in either KRT1 or KRT10 in ten patients exhibiting varying degrees of severity and distinct features of epidermolytic ichthyosis. A missense hotspot mutation in KRT2 was identified in one patient with superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis. Additionally, two truncation mutations in KRT10 were detected, leading to the development of generalized ichthyosiform erythroderma. Ear malformation and ectropion at birth, scalp involvement, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis were observed as early signs of ichthyosis with confetti.InterpretationWe analyzed the genotype‐phenotype correlations in KPI, revealing that the types and locations of different mutations are associated with distinct phenotypic characteristics. Oral acitretin could be considered a treatment option for severe patients at an appropriate dosage and timing.
Comparative effectiveness of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Riaz Munaza , Smith Steven M. , Dietrich Eric A. , Winchester David E. , Guo Jingchuan , Park Haesuk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are recommended by the American Heart Association for management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but little is known about their in‐class comparative effectiveness in real‐world settings.ObjectivesTo assess the in‐class comparative effectiveness of SGLT2i for preventing HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations among patients with HFpEF.MethodsUsing MarketScan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental research databases (2012–2020), this cohort study included adults with HFpEF treated with SGLT2i. Stabilized inverse probability treatment weighted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations in three pairwise comparisons: dapagliflozin versus canagliflozin, empagliflozin versus canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin versus empagliflozin. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess robustness of the main analysis.ResultsIn total, 3629 SGLT2i users (881 dapagliflozin, 1120 canagliflozin, and 1628 empagliflozin) were included. Compared with canagliflozin, dapagliflozin was associated with decreased risk of HF‐related hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–1.01) and all‐cause hospitalization (aHR, 0.84; 95% CI 0.73–0.97). Compared with canagliflozin, empagliflozin was associated with 55% decreased risk of HF‐related hospitalization (aHR, 0.45; 95% CI 0.34–0.59) and 18% decreased risk of all‐cause hospitalization (aHR, 0.82; 95% CI 0.73–0.93). Compared with empagliflozin, dapagliflozin was associated with 50% increased risk of HF‐related hospitalization (aHR, 1.50; 95% CI 1.09–2.07) and a statistically nonsignificant increase in the risk of all‐cause hospitalization (aHR, 1.05; 95% CI 0.92–1.20).ConclusionsCompared with canagliflozin or dapagliflozin use, empagliflozin use was associated with decreased risk of HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations. Compared with canagliflozin, dapagliflozin was associated with a reduced risk of HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations.