bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocapacitive and electrocatalytic performances of hydrochar prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization without further activation
Authors: Amelia Sekar Tri Wulan , Nurtono Tantular , Setyawan Heru , Widiyastuti W 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hydrochar was produced from extracted avocado seed using one-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at a temperature of 200 °C for 12 h. The effects of various feedstock solutions on the specific surface area, morphology, pore characteristics, crystallinity, and chemical bonding were investigated to confirm the changes in the electrochemical performances of the produced hydrochar. The presence of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and ammonia (NH4OH) solution in the HTC process successfully produced a porous graphite-like structure of hydrochar with the highest surface area and specific capacitance. Moreover, it also exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), with a current density of 2.15 mA cm−2 via the 2-electron pathway. These results imply that the HTC process can produce hydrochar with high electrocapacitive and electrocatalytic performances even without further activation at high temperatures.
An exponentially-growing family of universal quantum circuits
Authors: Kordzanganeh Mo , Sekatski Pavel , Fedichkin Leonid , Melnikov Alexey 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuantum machine learning has become an area of growing interest but has certain theoretical and hardware-specific limitations. Notably, the problem of vanishing gradients, or barren plateaus, renders the training impossible for circuits with high qubit counts, imposing a limit on the number of qubits that data scientists can use for solving problems. Independently, angle-embedded supervised quantum neural networks were shown to produce truncated Fourier series with a degree directly dependent on two factors: the depth of the encoding and the number of parallel qubits the encoding applied to. The degree of the Fourier series limits the model expressivity. This work introduces two new architectures whose Fourier degrees grow exponentially: the sequential and parallel exponential quantum machine learning architectures. This is done by efficiently using the available Hilbert space when encoding, increasing the expressivity of the quantum encoding. Therefore, the exponential growth allows staying at the low-qubit limit to create highly expressive circuits avoiding barren plateaus. Practically, parallel exponential architecture was shown to outperform the existing linear architectures by reducing their final mean square error value by up to 44.7% in a one-dimensional test problem. Furthermore, the feasibility of this technique was also shown on a trapped ion quantum processing unit.
The Intel neuromorphic DNS challenge
Authors: Timcheck Jonathan , Shrestha Sumit Bam , Ben Dayan Rubin Daniel , Kupryjanow Adam , Orchard Garrick , Pindor Lukasz , Shea Timothy , Davies Mike 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A critical enabler for progress in neuromorphic computing research is the ability to transparently evaluate different neuromorphic solutions on important tasks and to compare them to state-of-the-art conventional solutions. The Intel Neuromorphic Deep Noise Suppression Challenge (Intel N-DNS Challenge), inspired by the Microsoft DNS Challenge, tackles a ubiquitous and commercially relevant task: real-time audio denoising. Audio denoising is likely to reap the benefits of neuromorphic computing due to its low-bandwidth, temporal nature and its relevance for low-power devices. The Intel N-DNS Challenge consists of two tracks: a simulation-based algorithmic track to encourage algorithmic innovation, and a neuromorphic hardware (Loihi 2) track to rigorously evaluate solutions. For both tracks, we specify an evaluation methodology based on energy, latency, and resource consumption in addition to output audio quality. We make the Intel N-DNS Challenge dataset scripts and evaluation code freely accessible, encourage community participation with monetary prizes, and release a neuromorphic baseline solution which shows promising audio quality, high power efficiency, and low resource consumption when compared to Microsoft NsNet2 and a proprietary Intel denoising model used in production. We hope the Intel N-DNS Challenge will hasten innovation in neuromorphic algorithms research, especially in the area of training tools and methods for real-time signal processing. We expect the winners of the challenge will demonstrate that for problems like audio denoising, significant gains in power and resources can be realized on neuromorphic devices available today compared to conventional state-of-the-art solutions.
Tropical forests are mainly unstratified especially in Amazonia and regions with lower fertility or higher temperatures
Authors: Doughty Christopher E , Gaillard Camille , Burns Patrick , Keany Jenna M , Abraham Andrew J , Malhi Yadvinder , Aguirre-Gutierrez Jesus , Koch George , Jantz Patrick , Shenkin Alexander , Tang Hao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The stratified nature of tropical forest structure had been noted by early explorers, but until recent use of satellite-based LiDAR (GEDI, or Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation LiDAR), it was not possible to quantify stratification across all tropical forests. Understanding stratification is important because by some estimates, a majority of the world’s species inhabit tropical forest canopies. Stratification can modify vertical microenvironment, and thus can affect a species’ susceptibility to anthropogenic climate change. Here we find that, based on analyzing each GEDI 25 m diameter footprint in tropical forests (after screening for human impact), most footprints (60%–90%) do not have multiple layers of vegetation. The most common forest structure has a minimum plant area index (PAI) at ∼40 m followed by an increase in PAI until ∼15 m followed by a decline in PAI to the ground layer (described hereafter as a one peak footprint). There are large geographic patterns to forest structure within the Amazon basin (ranging between 60% and 90% one peak) and between the Amazon (79 ± 9% sd) and SE Asia or Africa (72 ± 14% v 73 ± 11%). The number of canopy layers is significantly correlated with tree height (r
2 = 0.12) and forest biomass (r
2 = 0.14). Environmental variables such as maximum temperature (T
max) (r
2 = 0.05), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (r
2 = 0.03) and soil fertility proxies (e.g. total cation exchange capacity −r
2 = 0.01) were also statistically significant but less strongly correlated given the complex and heterogeneous local structural to regional climatic interactions. Certain boundaries, like the Pebas Formation and Ecoregions, clearly delineate continental scale structural changes. More broadly, deviation from more ideal conditions (e.g. lower fertility or higher temperatures) leads to shorter, less stratified forests with lower biomass.
Long-term Performance and Safety of Princess VOLUME PLUS Lidocaine for Midface Augmentation: The PRIMAvera Clinical Study
Authors: Rzany Berthold , Sulovsky Monika , Sattler Gerhard , Cecerle Michael , Grablowitz Doris 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Hyaluronic acid–based dermal fillers are the most applied medical devices for midface augmentation.

Objectives
This postmarket investigation evaluated the long-term performance and safety of and patient satisfaction with Princess VOLUME PLUS Lidocaine (PVPL; now Saypha VOLUME PLUS Lidocaine) for the correction of midface volume deficit (MVD).

Methods
This was an open-label, prospective, interventional, multicenter, noncomparative, postapproval study of 91 patients with moderate or severe MVD (grade 2 or 3 on the 5-point Midface Volume Deficit Severity Scale, or MVDSS). At Day 0 (Visit 1), patients were treated with PVPL; they returned for follow-up assessments at weeks 2, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 52 and had long-term follow-up until 36 months. A touch-up treatment could be done at week 2. The performance was assessed with the MVDSS, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and a subject satisfaction scale. Adverse events were collected to assess safety throughout the study.

Results
Four weeks after treatment, 100% of injected patients improved by ≥1 grade on the MVDSS compared to baseline, with improvements still visible in 77% of patients 52 weeks after treatment. Based on the GAIS and post hoc survival analysis, the treatment effect was maintained for a median of 386 days, and in severe cases the effect lasted longer, which seemed to be independent of the volume injected at baseline. No serious side effects were reported. Results were substantiated by high patient satisfaction.

Conclusions
Princess VOLUME PLUS Lidocaine was perceived as safe and effective by patients and investigators, with long-term aesthetic improvement in moderate and severe cases.

Level of Evidence: 3
Fidelity to and Adaptation of Evidence-based Interventions in the Social Work Literature: A Scoping Review
Authors: Strehlenert Helena , Hedberg Rundgren Emma , Sjunnestrand My , Hasson Henna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using evidence-based interventions (EBIs) is one way to achieve good-quality social services. Adaptations of and efforts to maintain fidelity to EBIs are common. However, research addressing these issues is published across multiple journals. This scoping review aims to explore how fidelity to and adaptations of EBIs are described in the social work literature. We searched for peer-reviewed, English language articles addressing EBIs in social work journals in five databases. Data were extracted and analysed to address the aim of the study. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse items containing more extensive information. The searches yielded 2,949 articles. The results of 236 articles are presented. Almost fifty different terms were found describing adaptations, and the variety of terms describing fidelity was significantly smaller. Various measures to achieve and/or assess fidelity were identified. The Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded was used to categorise information about adaptations. Most adaptations concerned modifications of content and were planned rather than unplanned. Thirty-eight frameworks for implementation of EBIs were identified, and fourteen dealt with fidelity and adaptations. Fidelity and adaptations are increasingly in focus in social work studies. This review contributes to increased knowledge about how fidelity and adaptations have been described in the social work literature.
Epigenetic clocks and research implications of the lack of data on whom they have been developed: a review of reported and missing sociodemographic characteristics
Authors: Watkins Sarah Holmes , Testa Christian , Chen Jarvis T , De Vivo Immaculata , Simpkin Andrew J , Tilling Kate , Diez Roux Ana V , Davey Smith George , Waterman Pamela D , Suderman Matthew , Relton Caroline , Krieger Nancy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEpigenetic clocks are increasingly being used as a tool to assess the impact of a wide variety of phenotypes and exposures on healthy ageing, with a recent focus on social determinants of health. However, little attention has been paid to the sociodemographic characteristics of participants on whom these clocks have been based. Participant characteristics are important because sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors are known to be associated with both DNA methylation variation and healthy ageing. It is also well known that machine learning algorithms have the potential to exacerbate health inequities through the use of unrepresentative samples – prediction models may underperform in social groups that were poorly represented in the training data used to construct the model. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a review of the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants whose data were used to construct 13 commonly used epigenetic clocks. We found that although some of the epigenetic clocks were created utilizing data provided by individuals from different ages, sexes/genders, and racialized groups, sociodemographic characteristics are generally poorly reported. Reported information is limited by inadequate conceptualization of the social dimensions and exposure implications of gender and racialized inequality, and socioeconomic data are infrequently reported. It is important for future work to ensure clear reporting of tangible data on the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of all the participants in the study to ensure that other researchers can make informed judgements about the appropriateness of the model for their study population.
An artificial intelligence tool for automated analysis of large-scale unstructured clinical cine cardiac magnetic resonance databases
Authors: Mariscal-Harana Jorge , Asher Clint , Vergani Vittoria , Rizvi Maleeha , Keehn Louise , Kim Raymond J , Judd Robert M , Petersen Steffen E , Razavi Reza , King Andrew P , Ruijsink Bram , Puyol-Antón Esther 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been proposed for automating analysis of short-axis (SAX) cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), but no CMR analysis tool exists to automatically analyse large (unstructured) clinical CMR datasets. We develop and validate a robust AI tool for start-to-end automatic quantification of cardiac function from SAX cine CMR in large clinical databases.

Methods and results
Our pipeline for processing and analysing CMR databases includes automated steps to identify the correct data, robust image pre-processing, an AI algorithm for biventricular segmentation of SAX CMR and estimation of functional biomarkers, and automated post-analysis quality control to detect and correct errors. The segmentation algorithm was trained on 2793 CMR scans from two NHS hospitals and validated on additional cases from this dataset (n = 414) and five external datasets (n = 6888), including scans of patients with a range of diseases acquired at 12 different centres using CMR scanners from all major vendors. Median absolute errors in cardiac biomarkers were within the range of inter-observer variability: &lt;8.4 mL (left ventricle volume), &lt;9.2 mL (right ventricle volume), &lt;13.3 g (left ventricular mass), and &lt;5.9% (ejection fraction) across all datasets. Stratification of cases according to phenotypes of cardiac disease and scanner vendors showed good performance across all groups.

Conclusion
We show that our proposed tool, which combines image pre-processing steps, a domain-generalizable AI algorithm trained on a large-scale multi-domain CMR dataset and quality control steps, allows robust analysis of (clinical or research) databases from multiple centres, vendors, and cardiac diseases. This enables translation of our tool for use in fully automated processing of large multi-centre databases.
Outcomes of the Ross procedure in patients older versus younger than 50 years old
Authors: Shih Emily , Ryan William H , Squiers John J , Schaffer Justin M , Harrington Katherine B , Banwait Jasjit K , Meidan Talia G , DiMaio J Michael , Brinkman William T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The Ross procedure is traditionally considered for young adult patients with aortic valve disease. This study compares long-term outcomes of patients undergoing the Ross procedure who are ≥50 and &lt;50-years old.

METHODS
Data were collected from 225 patients undergoing Ross procedure at a single centre from 1994 to 2019. Patients were categorized into younger (&lt;50-years old; n = 156) and older (≥50-years old; n = 69) cohorts. Baseline demographics clinical outcomes were compared.

RESULTS
The mean age was 36 ± 8.1 and 55 ± 4.2 years in the younger and older cohort, respectively. Both groups were predominantly male (58.5% vs 69.6%; P = 0.59). The younger group had a higher rate of aortic insufficiency (51% vs 26.1%; P &lt; 0.01), and bicuspid aortic valve (81.4% vs 58.0%; P &lt; 0.01). Aortic stenosis was more prevalent in the older cohort (25.6% vs 58.0%; P &lt; 0.01). Operative mortality was acceptable in both groups (1.3% vs 4.3%; P = 0.15). Survival up to 10 years was not statistically different between 2 groups (96.2% vs 91.3% P = 0.16), whereas survival up to 15 years for younger patients was significantly higher (94.9% vs 85.5%; P = 0.03). After non-cardiac related deaths were excluded, survival up to 15 years (98.7% vs 91.3%; P = 0.02) was significantly lower than younger patients. In both groups, survival after the Ross procedure was similar to the age- and sex-matched US population.

CONCLUSIONS
Survival up to 10 years after Ross procedure were similar, but up to 15 years was significantly higher in younger patients. The Ross procedure restored patients from both groups to expected survival. Our results suggest that at experienced centres, the Ross procedure is a safe and reasonable option for patients who are 50 years and older.
Different kinds of oral contraceptive pills in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Forslund Maria , Melin Johanna , Alesi Simon , Piltonen Terhi , Romualdi Daniela , Tay Chau Thien , Witchel Selma , Pena Alexia , Mousa Aya , Teede Helena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
To compare between different combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) as part of the update of the International Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Assessment and Management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, Prospero CRD42022345640.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, All EBM, CINAHL, and PsycINFO was searched on July, 8, 2022, for studies including women with PCOS, comparing 2 different COCPs in randomized controlled trials.

Results
A total of 1660 studies were identified, and 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included.
Fourth-generation COCP resulted in lower body mass index (BMI) (mean difference [MD] 1.17 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.33; 2.02]) and testosterone (MD 0.60 nmol/L [95% CI 0.13; 1.07]) compared with third-generation agents, but no difference was seen in hirsutism.
Ethinyl estradiol (EE)/cyproterone acetate (CPA) was better in reducing hirsutism as well as biochemical hyperandrogenism (testosterone [MD 0.38 nmol/L {95% CI 0.33–0.43}]) and BMI (MD 0.62 kg/m2 [95% CI 0.05–1.20]) compared with conventional COCPs.
There was no difference in hirsutism between high and low EE doses. No evidence regarding natural estrogens in COCP was identified.

Conclusion
With current evidence, combined regimens containing an antiandrogen (EE/CPA) may be better compared with conventional COCPs in reducing hyperandrogenism, but EE/CPA will not be recommended as a first-line COCP treatment by the pending PCOS guideline update, due to higher venous thrombotic events (VTE) risk in the general population. Later-generation progestins offer theoretical benefits, but better evidence on clinical outcomes is needed in women with PCOS.

Trial registration
The protocol for the systematic review was registered prospectively in Prospero, CRD42022345640.
Identification and characterization of protein interactions with the major Niemann–Pick type C disease protein in yeast reveals pathways of therapeutic potential
Authors: Hammond Natalie , Snider Jamie , Stagljar Igor , Mitchell Kevin , Lagutin Kirill , Jessulat Matthew , Babu Mohan , Teesdale-Spittle Paul H , Sheridan Jeffrey P , Sturley Stephen L , Munkacsi Andrew B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Niemann–Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in NPC1 (95% cases) or NPC2 (5% cases). These proteins function together in cholesterol egress from the lysosome, whereby upon mutation, cholesterol and other lipids accumulate causing major pathologies. However, it is not fully understood how cholesterol is transported from NPC1 residing at the lysosomal membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane. The yeast ortholog of NPC1, Niemann–Pick type C–related protein-1 (Ncr1), functions similarly to NPC1; when transfected into a mammalian cell lacking NPC1, Ncr1 rescues the diagnostic hallmarks of cholesterol and sphingolipid accumulation. Here, we aimed to identify and characterize protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with the yeast Ncr1 protein. A genome-wide split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) protein interaction screen identified 11 ER membrane-localized, full-length proteins interacting with Ncr1 at the lysosomal/vacuolar membrane. These highlight the importance of ER-vacuole membrane interface and include PPIs with the Cyb5/Cbr1 electron transfer system, the ceramide synthase complex, and the Sec61/Sbh1 protein translocation complex. These PPIs were not detected in a sterol auxotrophy condition and thus depend on normal sterol metabolism. To provide biological context for the Ncr1-Cyb5 PPI, a yeast strain lacking this PPI (via gene deletions) exhibited altered levels of sterols and sphingolipids including increased levels of glucosylceramide that mimic NP-C disease. Overall, the results herein provide new physical and genetic interaction models to further use the yeast model of NP-C disease to better understand human NP-C disease.
Phenolic secondary metabolites from Acorus calamus (Acorales: Acoraceae) rhizomes: the feeding deterrents for Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Kumrungsee Nutchaya , Wiwattanawanichakun Phatcharaphon , Phankaen Poonnanan , Saiyaitong Chatwadee , Koul Opender , Nobsathian Saksit , Bullangpoti Vasakorn , Dunkhunthod Benjawan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most destructive pests of various crops cultivated in Thailand. Spodoptera litura larvae, at early stages, attack the leaves and feed on every part of infested crops in later stages. Acorus calamus essential oil contains toxic asarones, which are generalistic cytotoxic compounds. However, the present study is the first attempt to look at safer metabolites from the rhizomes that could deter insect feeding. The objective was to use such compounds as safer residues on crops that would prevent the feeding of herbivorous lepidopterans. Accordingly, phenolic metabolites were isolated and evaluated to establish the feeding deterrence against polyphagous S. litura larvae. Methanol extract of A. calamus, chrysin, and 4-hydroxy acetophenone compounds were the most effective feeding deterrents with FD50 of 87.18, 10.33, and 70.77 µg/cm2, respectively, after 4 h of feeding on treated kale leaves in a no-choice leaf disc assay. Chrysin also reduced carboxylesterase activities (1.37-fold), whereas A. calamus methanol extract reduced glutathione-S-transferase activities (1.44-fold). Some larvae were also seen dead if they consumed the treated kale leaves. Feeding deterrent activity in the methanol extract of A. calamus was due to chrysin and 4-hydroxy acetophenone. The large-scale utilization of such compounds could help develop feeding deterrent strategies in the integrated pest management of lepidopterans.