bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical biases in the calculation of the Living Planet Index lead to overestimation of vertebrate population decline
Authors: Toszogyova Anna , Smycka Jan , Storch David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Living Planet Index (LPI) measures the overall population trend of vertebrate species over recent decades and has been repeatedly used to assess the changing state of global biodiversity. The LPI indicates that vertebrate populations have decreased by almost 70% over the last 50 years. This is in striking contrast with current studies based on the same population data that show that increasing and decreasing populations are balanced on average. We examined the methodological pipeline of calculating the LPI to search for the source of this discrepancy. We found that the calculation of the LPI is biased by several mathematical issues which impose an imbalance between detected increasing and decreasing trends and overestimate population declines. Rather than indicating that vertebrate populations do not substantially change, our findings imply that population time series used in the Living Planet Database are not suitable for a proper evaluation of current biodiversity changes.
Dissociated Response to PD-1 Inhibitors Combined with Radiotherapy in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Solid Tumors
Authors: Yu qin , Zhang Haiyan , song yan , Chen Chen , Chen Jin , Shen Junkang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Anti-programmed death 1/anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) combined with radiotherapy (RT) has a synergistic effect on systemic tumor control. A dissociated response (DR), characterized by some lesions shrinking and others growing, has been recognized with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy or combination therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical benefit of DR in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors receiving PD-1 inhibitors in combination with RT.Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors receiving PD-1 inhibitor combined with RT at the Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University. Treatment response was assessed for each measurable lesion according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) v 1.1 guidelines. Patterns of response are divided into four groups: 1. DR; 2. uniform response; 3. uniform progression; 4. only stable lesions. The overall survival (OS) of different groups was compared using Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests.Results Between March 2019 to July 2022, 93 patients were included. The median follow-up was 10.5 months (95% CI 8.8–12.1). The most common tumor types were lung cancer (19.8%), colorectal adenocarcinoma (17.2%), and esophageal cancer (10.8%). DR was observed in 22 (23.7%) patients. Patients with DR had significantly longer OS than patients who showed a uniform progression (13.5 months vs. 5.9 months; P = 0.012), of those who continued PD-1inhibitors in combination with RT or PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy (n = 12) experienced significantly prolonged OS (15.7 (95CI 3.5–27.9) vs. 8.2 (95%CI 5.6–10.8) months, P = 0.035) compared with patients who did not continue (n = 10).Conclusions DR is not uncommon (23.7%) in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors treated with PD-1 inhibitors combined with RT and shows a relatively favorable prognosis. Some patients with DR may benefit from continued PD-1 inhibitor therapy in combination with RT or PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy and may have longer OS.
PTSD and its relationship with the Fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 burden among health care workers after the full liberalization of COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhou Ningying , Zhou Zhiqing , Tao Xiubin , Kong Yan , Zhang Ming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Over the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought an overwhelming impact on China's hospital system and health care workers, and can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be long-term negative impacts on healthcare workers' mental health. Indeed, PTSD has emerged as one of the significant mental health issues for health care workers arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. The status of PTSD of healthcare workers directly affects the quality of national medical and health services. Therefore, it is vital to understand the PTSD situation of healthcare workers in the post-pandemic era.Methods This study was conducted three years after the global COVID-19 pandemic (January 15 to January 16, 2023). The study was administered through a web-based survey platform. The PC-PTSD-5 Chinese Version Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale(FCV-19S), Social support Scale, COVID-19 burden Scale, GAD-2, and PHQ-2 were used by the Questionnaire Star platform.Results The prevalence of PTSD in health care workers was 24.3% (232/955). depress(P < 0.001), anxiety(P < 0.05), the Fear of COVID-19(P < 0.001), and COVID-19 burden(P < 0.001) were highly correlated with PTSD in health care workers. Social support(P < 0.05) was a protective factor of smartphone addiction.Conclusions This survey shows that PTSD was highly prevalent among Chinese healthcare workers after the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments and leaders of medical institutions should through psychological interventions to address the current situation of PTSD among health care workers and develop targeted programs and strategies to reduce their psychological problems.
Salt and Sugar Intakes of Adults in the Central Division of Fiji – Findings from a Nutrition Survey of over 500 People
Authors: Silatolu Anasaini Moala , Santos Joseph Alvin , Palu Aliyah , Nand Devina , Deo Alvina , Kama Ateca , Lolohea Susana , Vakaloloma Unise , Seru Litiana , Naivunivuni Penaia , Kumar Shajal , Tawakilai Helen , Vimatemate Emosi , Sanif Mohammed , Misavu Alena , Prasad Andrew Uma , Patay Dori , Woodward Mark , Rogers Kris , Reeve Erica , Bell Colin , Webster Jacqui , Waqa Gade , McKenzie Briar L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Excess salt and sugar consumption contribute to diet-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Given the increasing burden of these conditions in Fiji, this study aimed to estimate salt and sugar intakes and their main sources, in a population of adults in the Central Division of Fiji.Methods One adult (≥ 18 years) per household was randomly selected to participate in the survey in 2022, with sampling stratified by age, sex, and ethnicity (n = 700). The survey included questions on sociodemographic characteristics; measures of blood pressure, weight, and height; and a 24-hour diet recall. Spot-urine samples were collected, with 24-hour urine samples from a sub-sample (n = 200). Sugar intake was estimated from the 24-hour diet recalls as grams per day and as a percentage of total energy intake, in terms of total sugar and free sugar (excluding sugar from fruits, vegetables and dairy). Salt intake was estimated from the spot-urines. 24-hr dietary recall was used to estimate the main sources of salt and sugar by food groups.Results Five hundred and thirty-four people participated in the survey (response rate 76%), 50% were women, and the mean age was 42 years. Salt intake was estimated at 8.8 g/day (95% CI, 8.7 to 9.0). Free sugar intake was estimated at 74.1 g/day (67.5 to 80.7), with 16.1% of total energy intake coming from free sugars (15.0 to 17.1%). The main sources of salt were mixed cooked dishes (40.9% (38.2 to 43.5)), and bread and bakery products (28.7% (26.5 to 31.0)). The main sources of sugar were table sugars, honey, and related products (24.3% (21.7 to 26.8)), non-alcoholic beverages (21.4% (18.8 to 24.0)) and bread and bakery products (18.0% (16.2 to 19.9)).Conclusion Salt and sugar intakes were more than World Health Organization maximum recommendations in this representative sample of Fijian adults. Given salt and sugar was mainly coming from foods with high salt and sugar content along with the addition of salt and sugar to food or drinks, interventions to reduce the amount of sugar and salt in foods are needed along with strategies to help people make healthy food choices.
Bone protection mechanism of Zuogui Pill in an osteoporosis model of breast cancer rats after endocrine therapy
Authors: ao youguang , Chunhui Liu , Lei Yao , La Zhou , Zhaolei Jiang , Jianchao Ma , Zhuorui Shen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have an increased risk of developing secondary osteoporosis. Zuogui Pill has been proven to have obvious preventative and therapeutic effects against osteoporosis in the clinic. However, the possible mechanism of this bone-protective mechanism of Zuogui Pill is still largely unknown.Methods An osteoporosis model of postmenopausal breast cancer was generated by gavage of letrozole in ovariectomized mice with breast cancer. Serum oestradiol (E2), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and amino terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (PINP) were detected by enzyme-related immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). After death, the right femur and tibia were taken and stained with HE to observe the bone histopathology. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) was used to detect bone density and trabecular microstructure in vitro. The protein expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin and Runx2 in bone tissue were detected by Western blots.Results Zuogui Pill significantly decreased the serum level of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and the level of amino terminal procollagen Ⅰ propeptide (PINP) but had no significant effect on oestradiol (E2). Zuogui Pill improved bone tissue morphology, bone microstructure and bone mineral density. The protein expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin and Runx2 in the Zuogui Pill groups were significantly increased.Conclusion Zuogui Pill exerts a bone-protective effect through the Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Runx2 pathways and has good application value for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Causal Effects of Gut Microbiome on Cardiovascular diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiao Zixi , Zang Xueyan , Dai Zhongyu , Ye Jinting , Zheng Yuhua , Yao Hanyi , Liu Ling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. More evidence has shown that gut microbiota influences the three diseases through metabolites, the observational association between the gut microbiome, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has been well documented. However, whether there is a causal relationship with this association remains unclear.
Methods: Basing publicly available GWAS aggregated data, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to examine the causal relationship between the gut microbiome, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Two sets of MR analyses were performed. A set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) less than the genome-wide statistical significance threshold (5×10-5) is used as the instrumental variable.
Results: Based on the significance level of locus range, the results showed that there was a causal effect of gut microbial composition on the risk of MI, CI, and CAD. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method shows that Alphaproteobacteria, Clostridialesvadin-BB60groupand Oxalobacteraceae were risk factors for MI, yet FamilyXIII was protective factor. Coriobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiales，ClostridialesvadinBB60groupwere risk factors for CI, while Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiae, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae were protective factors. And Actinomycetaceae was positively related with the risk of CAD, while Gammaproteobacteria and Actinomycetaleswere negatively related with it. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and ClostridialesvadinBB60group could casually related with CVDs.
Conclusion: Our MR Analysis showed a causal relationship between gut microbiome and CVDs, which may help provide new insights into mechanisms underlying of CVDs.
Fall risk score in community-dwelling older people: a derivation and validation study
Authors: Zhou Ming , Zhang Gongzi , Wang Na , Zhao Tianshu , Liu Yangxiaoxue , Geng Yuhan , Wang Ning , Peng Nan , Huang Liping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background : Early clinical detection of patients at high risk of falling is crucial. This study aimed to derive internally validate the novel risk score to classify patients at high risk of falls.
Methods: Study data from 334 older people from the fall clinic in medical center. We developed logistic regression model on the entire dataset using screened-out variables by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression, with 1-year falls prediction. Using bootstrap method, we evaluated the model performance with measures of overall predictive performance, discrimination, and calibration. The clinical usefulness and net benefit were estimated with decision curve analysis. To streamline assessment process, we created a scoring system for predicting 1-year fall risk.
Results: Model 1 showed a C-index of 0.803 [95% CI 0.7491–0.8569]. The internal bootstrap validation indicated only minimal overfitting (optimism-corrected C-index 0.802). Model 2 showed a C-index of 0.752 (95% CI 0.6981–0.8059). The internal bootstrap validation indicated only minimal overfitting (optimism-corrected the C-index 0.747). Compared with model 2, model 1 also significantly improved continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) [0.4682 (0.3141–0.6223), P < 0.01], categorical NRI [0.507 (0.2905–0.7235), P < 0.01, cutoff: 0.2–0.8), and integrated discrimination improvement [0.2047 (0.1473–0.2621), P < 0.01].
Conclusions: This study developed and internally verified a score for predicting fall risk of community-dwelling older people. The score could predict falls in elderly people with relatively higher accuracy compared with timed up and go test and 30-s chair sit-stand test.
Co-designing and piloting a mental health intervention among young adults in post-secondary education in post-conflict areas in Colombia: A study protocol
Authors: Zimmerman Annie , Durán María Camila García , Araya Ricardo , Avendaño Mauricio , Hessel Philipp , Díaz Yadira , Niño Omar Dario Peña , Donetto Sara , Lux Martha Escobar , Idrobo Fabio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose Colombia has endured more than five decades of internal armed conflict, which led to substantial costs for human capital and mental health. There is currently little evidence about the impact of incorporating a mental health intervention within an existing public cash transfer programme to address poverty, and this project aims to develop and pilot a mental health support intervention embedded within the human capital programme to achieve better outcomes among beneficiaries, especially those displaced by conflict and the most socioeconomically vulnerable.Methods The study will consist of three phases: semi-structured one-to-one interviews, co-design and adaptations of the proposed intervention with participants and pilot of the digital intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy and transdiagnostic techniques. to determine its feasibility, acceptability, efficacy, and usefulness in 'real settings'. Results will inform if the intervention improves clinical, educational and employment prospects among those who use it.Results Knowledge will be generated on whether the mental health intervention could potentially improve young people's mental health and human capital in conflict-affected areas? We will evaluate of the impact of potential mental health improvements on human capital outcomes, including educational and employment outcomes.Conclusion Findings will help to make conclusions about the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, and it will assess its effectiveness to improve the mental health and human capital outcomes of beneficiaries. This will enable the identification of strategies to address mental health problems among socioeconomically vulnerable young people that can be adapted to different contexts in in low and middle-income countries.
Selenium Concentrations and Their Relation to Insulin Resistance in Obese Women
Authors: Soares Tamires da Cunha , Cardoso Bruna Emanuele Pereira , Dias Thaline Milany Silva , Morais Jennifer Beatriz Silva , Melo Stéfany Rodrigues de Sousa , Santos Loanne Rocha dos , Fontenelle Larissa Cristina , de Sousa Thayanne Gabryelle Visgueira , Sousa Mickael de Paiva , Oliveira Francisco Erasmo , de Sousa Gustavo Santos , Henriques Gilberto Simeone , Marreiro Dilina do Nascimento 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Several studies have shown the importance of selenium in preventing important metabolic disorders associated with obesity, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. However, the results of these studies are still controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate selenium concentrations and their relation to insulin resistance in obese women. A cross-sectional study involving 213 women divided into a case group (obese women, n = 84) and a control group (eutrophic women, n = 129). Energy, macronutrient and selenium intake were obtained from the three-day food record. Evaluation of selenium in plasma, erythrocyte and urine was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Serum glucose concentrations were determined according to the colorimetric enzymatic method. Fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed according to the chemiluminescence method. The mean values of dietary selenium intake (µg/kg/day) by obese women were lower than the control group (p < 0.001). Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations had reduced values in the obese women (p < 0.001), while selenium concentrations found in urine were higher (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding glycemic control parameters (p > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between dietary selenium intake (µg/day), fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin and HOMA-β, as well as between dietary intake (µg/kg/day), fasting insulin and HOMA-β (p < 0.05). The evaluated women with obesity present alterations in the nutritional status regarding selenium. In addition, it evidences a positive relationship between dietary selenium and markers of glycemic control, which may reflect the possible negative action of selenium on insulin action signaling.
Machine Learning-Based Classification Models for Non-Covalent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Predictive Ability and Interpretability
Authors: Li Guo , Li Jiaxuan , Tian Yujia , Zhao Yunyang , Pang Xiaoyang , Yan Aixia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, we built classification models using machine learning techniques to predict the bioactivity of non-covalent inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and to provide interpretable and transparent explanations for these predictions. To achieve this, we gathered data on BTK inhibitors from the Reaxys and ChEMBL databases, removing compounds with covalent bonds and duplicates to obtain a dataset of 3895 inhibitors of non-covalent. These inhibitors were characterized using MACCS fingerprints and Morgan fingerprints, and four traditional machine learning algorithms (decision trees (DT), random forests (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)) were used to build 16 classification models. In addition, four deep learning models were developed using deep neural networks (DNN). The best model, Model D_4, which was built using XGBoost and MACCS fingerprints, achieved an accuracy of 94.1% and a Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.75 on the test set. To provide interpretable explanations, we employed the SHAP method to decompose the predicted values into the contributions of each feature. We also used K-means dimensionality reduction and hierarchical clustering to visualize the clustering effects of molecular structures of the inhibitors. The results of this study were validated using crystal structures, and we found that the interaction between the BTK amino acid residue and the important features of clustered scaffold was consistent with the known properties of the complex crystal structures. Overall, our models demonstrated high predictive ability, and a qualitative model can be converted to a quantitative model to some extent by SHAP, making them valuable for guiding the design of new BTK inhibitors with desired activity.
Geospatial characterization of climate-smart agroforestry in two contrasting physiographic zones of Rwanda
Authors: Ntawuruhunga Donatien , Ngowi Edwin Estomii , Mangi Halima Omari , Salanga Raymond John , Shikuku Kelvin Mashisia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The unmatched world population growth with production has increased human demand causing starvation consequent to food shortage. Climate-smart agroforestry (CSAF) among other options can enhance productivity, improve income and food security, and stabilize the environment. This study investigates the land suitability for CSAF in the Bugesera and Rulindo regions of Rwanda. After searching the literature and the local expert knowledge and opinions, nine variables were considered for investigation in the study viz. elevation, slope, soil type, rainfall, temperature, LU/LC, distance from roads and trade centers, and landslide risks. The analysis used two commonly known techniques (AHP and GIS) integrated to classify and sort out the suitable land for CSAF practices and development. Results identified three CSAF suitability zones, ranging from 1,662.82ha (1.60%) as most suitable and 90,123.78ha (86.62%) suitable to 12,262.50ha (11.78%) unsuitable zones in Bugesera. In Rulindo, suitability zones range from 709.92ha (9.69%) as most suitable and 6,514.56ha (88.92%) suitable to 102.24ha (1.39%) unsuitable land for CSAF. Results further showed that the available means suitable land for CSAF are 34,683.03ha in Bugesera (34,683.03 ± 48,304.71) and 2,442.24ha in Rulindo (2,442.24 ± 3,539.79). Land suitability scores for CSAF largely varied across sites (F = 1.33, p = 0.31). Cross-validation using ground-truthing information (field visit and collection of GPS-based ground coordinates of random locations of actual CSAF) and evidence from literature about existing CSAF mostly supported the generated CSAF suitability maps (nearly 91% of ground-based locations supported the model output). These results reveal the extent of implementation of CSAF practices in the targeted areas. In areas such as Bugesera and Rulindo where investigations on CSAF are scanty, suitability maps in this study would allow identifying sites with high potential for CSAF. The cross-site suitability mapping and analysis for CSAF would provide an opportunity to policy-makers for location-specific land use planning for expanding and implementing CSAF-based models. Those would assist in addressing ecosystem restoration, optimum farm production, increased income, and enhanced food security. This study will pave the way for further studies on the potential CSAF and possibly required interventions for the assessed areas.