bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency department experiences of people who use drugs who left or were discharged from hospital against medical advice
Authors: Mayer Samara , Langheimer Verena , Nolan Seonaid , Boyd Jade , Small Will , McNeil Ryan 
Published: February 2023

Background
People who use drugs (PWUD) frequent emergency departments at a higher rate than the general population, and experience a greater frequency of soft tissue infections, pneumonia, and chronic conditions such as, HIV/AIDs and hepatitis C. This population has distinct health care considerations (e.g. withdrawal management) and are also more likely to leave or be discharged from hospital against medical advice.

Methods
This study examines the experiences of PWUD who have left or been discharged from hospital against medical advice to understand the structural vulnerabilities that shape experiences with emergency departments. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 PWUD who have left or been discharged from hospital against medical advice within the past two years as part of a larger study on hospital care and drug use in Vancouver, Canada.

Results
Findings characterize the experiences and perceptions of PWUD in emergency department settings, and include: (1) stigmatization of PWUD and compounding experiences of discrimination; (2) perceptions of overall neglect; (3) inadequate pain and withdrawal management; and (4) leaving ED against medical advice and a lack of willingness to engage in future care.

Conclusions
Structural vulnerabilities in ED can negatively impact the care received among PWUD. Findings demonstrate the need to consider how structural factors impact care for PWUD and to leverage existing infrastructure to incorporate harm reduction and a structural competency focused care. Findings also point to the need to consider how withdrawal and pain are managed in emergency department settings.
Curiosity Cabinets: Revitalizing the Cabinet of Curiosity for the 21st century with the IGWS Learning Lab
Authors: Wollenweber Amanda , Sturgeon Polly , Wilkins Kristen 
Published: February 2023

Natural history collections are groups of biologic and geologic objects that provide a physical record of Earth’s lifeforms and processes, both past and present. Natural history specimens can include rocks, minerals, fossils, plants, animals, and sediment. These specimens are scientifically organized, documented, and preserved in museums and universities to reconstruct Earth’s past, understand the present, and forecast the future.
Natural history collections inspire, create wonder, lead us to ask questions, and allow us to connect with science and the world around us.
The Learning Lab is an experiential learning center that brings our collections out of storage for hands-on discovery. Part museum, part lab, and part classroom, the Learning Lab is where you can discover thousands of authentic rock, mineral, and fossil specimens, observe real-time datasets and geologic wonders, compare crystal shapes and fossil biology with sophisticated microscopes, question the world beneath your feet using scientific evidence, and create art and other connections inspired by our collections.
Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Fang Shu , Wang Chuanxiang , Yan Juan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study aims to explore the prokaryotic microbial community structures and diversity in pit mud from different depths, and provide a theoretical basis for the liquor production and further study of pit mud. The fermented pit muds of strong-flavor liquor from Yun distillery were taken as samples. The high-throughput sequencing approach, followed by bioinformatics analyses, was used to compare the differences in the prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom represented by samples. A total of 31 bacteria phyla and 2 archaea phyla were detected. The dominant phyla in YJ-S, YJ-Z, and YJ-X (sample name) were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, while the dominant genera in them were Acinetobacter, Aminobacterium, and Lactobacillus. YJ-Z and YJ-X were the closest in species diversity. In species richness analysis, YJ-X was the highest, followed by YJ-Z, and YJ-S was the lowest; in species uniformity analysis, YJ-S was the highest, followed by YJ-Z, and YJ-X was the lowest. The function predicted by 16S rRNA genome showed that prokaryotic microbial function in pit mud was mainly concentrated in “Carbohydrate transport and metabolism” and “Amino acid transport and metabolism.” Significant differences in prokaryotic microbial community and gene function prediction between pit walls and bottom were found in YJ-S, YJ-Z, and YJ-X (p < 0.05).
Development and psychometric properties of the HBM-based substance abuse prevention questionnaire (HBM-SAPQA) among Afghanian students
Authors: Mohammadi Kanali , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Tavousi Mahmoud 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In Afghanistan, adolescents and young people are the most important at risk groups for substance abuse. Considering the importance of model-based interventions in this group, this study aims to design and validate a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) for assessing the beliefs of Afghan students regarding substance abuse prevention behavior. This study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the items of the questionnaire were designed by conducting a combined documentary literature review and qualitative study. In the next step, its psychometric properties were evaluated through qualitative and quantitative face and content validity (CVR & CVR) and structural validity (exploratory factor analysis). Finally, internal consisitency through Cronbach’s alpha as well as reliability was assessed. To above steps, the SPSS version 18 was applied. 57 items were obtained for the questionnaire by performing a qualitative study and using existing scientific sources for literature review. In checking the face validity of the questionnaire items quantitatively (calculating the impact score), the impact score of all items was above 1.5. The CVR of each item was more than 0.8 and their CVI was more than 0.79. In EFA (using the information of 408 students with average age of 23 years old), the final model was confirmed with 38 related to the main HBM constructs in 5 factors, which covered about 40% of the variance. Acceptable values of Cronbach's alpha between 0.71 and 0.81 for all factors confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. The HBM-SAPQA obtained the acceptable validity/reliability to apply the beliefs of Afghan students regarding substance abuse preventive behavior.
Evaluating the Impact of Data Exclusivity on the Price of Pharmaceutical Imports
Authors: Palmedo Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Data exclusivity is a form of intellectual property (IP) protection that restricts competition by preventing generic firms from relying on originator test results to win regulatory approval. It is a TRIPS-Plus intellectual property provision often required by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). This study analyses the impact of data exclusivity on aggregated pharmaceutical import prices in a set of 16 countries that enacted data exclusivity as required by FTAs, and six comparator countries that had not introduced this type of IP protection. It uses a difference in differences methodology appropriate for datasets in which treatment occurs at different periods, and in which treatment affects are heterogeneous over time. Between 1996 and 2014, pharmaceutical import prices were 14–20% higher on average in countries that had enacted data exclusivity than those that had not. Since these laws only applied to products entering the market after their enactment, their impact took time to become apparent. It eventually became quite large. The first statistically significant difference in prices occurred seven years after countries introduced data exclusivity. Nine years after these changes, the price differences averaged 175–210%.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2022: Catholica
Authors: Bräuer Martin , Lenski Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Martin Bräuer analysiert die Kurienreform und ihre bisherigen Auswirkungen. Er gibt einen Überblick über den bisherigen Stand der Reformen, die auf dem Dokument „Praedicate Evangelium“ fußen. Weiter wird ein Blick auf die Initiative #OutInChurch geworfen und deren konkrete Auswirkungen auf das kirchliche Arbeitsrecht – im November 2022 wurde eine neue Grundordnung dazu verabschiedet. Anschließend werden die verschiedenen Formate von Synodalität und vor allem der aktuelle Stand des deutschen Synodalen Weges analysiert. Am Ende gibt Daniel Lenski einen kurzen Überblick über den im Juni 2022 veranstalteten Katholikentag in Stuttgart.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2022
Authors: Heller Dagmar 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die bereits vor dem Krieg schwierige Situation der Orthodoxie in der Ukraine hat sich seit dem Angriff Russlands verschärft und hat Auswirkungen nicht nur auf die Weltorthodoxie, sondern auch auf die weltweite wie die lokale Ökumene. Der vorliegende Artikel macht deutlich, dass die Legitimation des Krieges durch Patriarch Kyrill von Moskau allerdings nicht die Haltung der gesamten Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche ist. Eine Konsequenz ist die Loslösung der Ukrainischen Orthodoxen Kirche (UOK) vom Moskauer Patriarchat. In der weltweiten Orthodoxie ist das durch die Gründung der Orthodoxen Kirche in der Ukraine (OKU) entstandene Schisma dabei, sich auszuweiten. In der weltweiten Ökumene wird der Umgang mit der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche diskutiert. Die Gründung ukrainischer Gemeinden durch UOK wie OKU bringt neue Herausforderungen für die lokale Ökumene in Ländern mit einer orthodoxen Diaspora.
Kurzbericht: Orthodox-evangelische Begegnung von Studierenden aus Tübingen und Galați/Südrumänien
Authors: Gotzen-Dold Maria 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
In diesem kurzen Beitrag wird über Erfahrungen im Austausch zwischen evangelischen Studierenden der Universität Tübingen und orthodoxen Studierenden aus Rumänien berichtet.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2022: Die Pfingstbewegung
Authors: Spornhauer Dirk 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Im diesjährigen Bericht werden drei Themen intensiver bearbeitet. Zuerst geht es um die Deutung des Krieges in der Ukraine aus Sicht der Pfingstbewegung und um die Bedeutung der Ukraine für die Pfingstbewegung. Dem folgt eine Darstellung des pfingstkirchlichen Engagements auf der 11. Vollversammlung des Ökumenischen Rates der Kirchen und des Verhältnisses der Pfingstbewegung zur ökumenischen Bewegung insgesamt. Den Abschluss bildet eine Analyse der Personalentscheidungen bei der Neuwahl des Vorstandes des Bundes Freikirchlicher Pfingstgemeinden (BFP).
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2022: Weltökumene
Authors: Reinert Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
„Die Liebe Christi bewegt, versöhnt und eint die Welt“ – unter diesem Motto fand 2022 die 11. Vollversammlung des Ökumenischen Rates der Kirchen (ÖRK) in Karlsruhe statt. Der Artikel gibt einen Bericht über dieses ökumenische Event. Drei Themen stehen im Fokus: der Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine, der Israel-Palästina-Konflikt und der Klimawandel. Zudem werden ausgehend von der ÖRK-Vollversammlung vier Perspektiven zur Zukunft der Ökumene gezeichnet.
Yield stability and agronomic performances of provitamin A maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes in South-East of DR Congo
Authors: Tabu Hugues Ilunga , Tshiabukole Jean Pierre Kabongo , Kankolongo Amand Mbuya , Lubobo Antoine Kanyenga , Kimuni Luciens Nyembo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Genotype assessment across various environments is a basic condition for developing stable and superior genotypes for sustainable maize production in the South-East of the DR Congo. Therefore, this research’s objectives were to identify the performance of newly developed provitamin A maize genotypes in various environments, and to recommend high-performing and stable genotypes for broader adaptation. Eight provitamin A maize genotypes, including one commercial variety, were planted at three sites during two consecutive cropping seasons (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) forming six environments. All genotypes in six environments were planted in a randomized complete block design containing three replications. Two stability analysis approaches, GGE biplot and Eberhart and Russell method are widely used to identify high yielding and stable genotypes. The combined analysis of variance revealed that G and E as well as their interaction (GEI) have significantly affected the emergence rate, cob’s insertion height, days to anthesis and silking, cob length, cob grain weight and grain yield. Average grain yield varied from 8.30 t/ha for PVAH-7L to 9.41 t/ha for PVAH-1L. The Eberhart and Russell method and the CV identified PVAH-1L, PVAH-4L, PVAH-7L and PVAH-6L as the most stable genotypes, but could not reliably identify the high yielding genotypes. On the other hand, the GGE biplot reliably and graphically showed the stable and high-yielding genotypes (PVAH-1L > PVAH-6L) as well as the low-yielding genotypes (PVAH-7 > PVAH-4L). In additional, the GGE biplot showed that L’shi21 was the best test environment for selecting high performing and stable provitamin A maize genotype. The results of this study indicate that PVAH-1L and PVAH-6L are the stable, high-yielding provitamin A maize genotypes in the South-East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and should be disseminated in this region.
Flat and bent branes with inner structure in two-field mimetic gravity
Authors: Xiang Qian , Zhong Yi , Xie Qun-Ying , Zhao Li 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Inspired by the work Zhong et al. (2018), we study the linear tensor perturbation of both the flat and bent thick branes with inner structure in two-field mimetic gravity. The master equations for the linear tensor perturbations are derived by taking the transverse and traceless gauges. For the Minkowski and Anti-de-Sitter brane, the brane systems are stable against the tensor perturbation. The effective potentials of the tensor perturbations of both the flat and bent thick branes are volcano-like, and this structure may potentially lead to the zero-mode and the resonant modes of the tensor perturbation. We further illustrate the results of massive resonant modes.
Can contract emancipate? contract theory and the law of work
Authors: Dagan Hanoch , Heller Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Contract and employment law have grown apart. Long ago, each side gave up on the other. In this Article, we reunite them to the betterment of both. In brief, we demonstrate the emancipatory potential of contract for the law of work. Today, the dominant contract theories assume a widget transaction between substantively equal parties. If this were an accurate description of what contract is, then contract law would be right to expel workers. Worker protections would indeed be better regulated by—and relegated to—employment and labor law. But contract law is not what contract theorists claim. Neither is contract law what the dominant employment theorists fear—a domain that necessarily misses the constitutive place of work in people’s life-plans and overlooks the systemic vulnerability of workers to their employers.
Contract, we contend, is not work law’s canonical “other.” Rightly understood, contract is an autonomy-enhancing device, one founded on the fundamental liberal commitment of reciprocal respect for self-determination. From this “choice theory” perspective, the presumed opposition between employment and contract law dissolves. We show that many employment law doctrines are not external to contract, but are instead entailed in liberal contract itself.
Grounding worker protections in contract theory has two salutary effects. First, it offers workers more secure protection than that afforded by their reliance on momentary public-law compromises. Second, it reveals contract’s emancipatory potential for all of us—not just as workers, but also as widget buyers. Contract can empower, and employment can show the way.
Is labor law internal or external to private law? The view from Cedar point
Authors: Estlund Cynthia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

This Article contrasts two views of the relationship between the fields of work law and private law. The “internal” view, propounded by Hanoch Dagan, would bring work law into the domain of private law by recentering the latter, including property law, around liberal values of reciprocal respect for autonomy. The “external” view locates the law of work in an overlapping but distinct domain that we might call “social law,” where it operates as a set of externally imposed conditions on the activity of employing others. When workers’ rights and interests come into conflict with those of owner-employers, the two views face off on the constitutional terrain of takings. In principle, the internal view might afford a better defense against takings challenges to laws that constrain property owners’ entitlements in the interest of those who work there, for it would redefine the former to reflect the latter. The external view relies more on takings law than property law to accommodate others’ interests when they conflict with traditional property rights. Unfortunately, the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent decision in Cedar Point Nurseries v. Hassid deals a heavy blow to both views. Its neo-Blackstonian conception of property rights rejects the notion that property law itself recognizes workers’ interests and entrenches that conception of property rights within the constitutional law of takings, sharpening the takings sword against social law’s regulation of property rights in the interest of others, including workers. Cedar Point thus underscores and magnifies the challenges that modern U.S. takings law, with its constitutional definition of property rights, poses to the advancement of workers’ rights, whether those are understood as internal or external to property law.
Managerial prerogative, property rights, and labor control in employment status disputes
Authors: Tomassetti Julia Louise 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This Article explores how managerial prerogative shapes disputes over employment classification and reveals a neglected but prominent feature in legal arguments about platform worker rights—the disputed relevance of a platform’s intellectual property rights. In classification disputes, instead of denying that it has a right to control how others perform services for it, the company often concedes its employer-like authority but offers an alternative rationale: managerial prerogative. The company argues, and judges often agree, that its labor control is not the exercise of employer authority but instead reflects a prerogative of enterprise ownership, like a right to protect property and determine product lines. Thus, managerial prerogative both explains labor control and exempts that control from the statutory duties that would otherwise attach under the legal tests. Platform companies appear to have taken notice of such cases and designed their work relationships around property-based rationales. For instance, Uber uses a software “license” in which drivers agree to Uber’s authority as a condition for accessing the app. The license depicts the terms upon which drivers must affirmatively cooperate with Uber to produce transportation as simply the negative duties not to interfere with Uber’s intellectual property. The Article concludes that we must reject appeals to managerial prerogative in employment classification disputes. To assume that a property-based rationale for labor control is inconsistent with employment is to misunderstand the legal basis of employment and the purpose of statutory labor law. The appeals also rely on dubious economic assumptions and conflate property rights with agreements about the use of property.
Proximate analysis and fatty acid, mineral and soluble carbohydrate profiles of some brown macroalgae collected from Türkiye coasts
Authors: Yucetepe Aysun , Aydar Elif Feyza , Okudan Emine Şükran , Özçelik Beraat , Durmaz Gökhan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, the fatty acid, carbohydrate, and mineral profiles and proximate composition of Halopteris scoparia, Padina pavonica, Zanardinia typus, Cladostephus spongiosum, Sargassum vulgare, and Sargassum acinarium brown macroalgae collected from Türkiye seas were determined. According to the results, the ash and total carbohydrate contents of all macroalgae ranged from 20.79 to 53.49% in dry weight (dw) and from 15.32 to 55.13% dw, respectively. Their protein, lipid and crude fiber contents changed between 4.22 and 9.89% dw, 0.25 and 0.90% dw, and 12.28 and 16.01% dw, respectively. Palmitic acid (29.36–48.55% dw) and oleic acid (8.92–20.92% dw) were at the highest levels in all brown macroalgae. In addition, they included prominent levels of saturated fatty acids (51.87–69.56% dw of total fatty acid content). Magnesium (6.97–18.78 mg/kg dw), potassium (1.34–3.78 mg/kg dw), iron (1.27–8.24 mg/kg dw), and manganese (63.10–252.23 μg/kg dw) were found to be the major minerals. The main soluble carbohydrates of macroalgae were found to be mannitol (1149.99–8676.31 mg/kg dw), glucose (368.78–1305.59 mg/kg dw), myo-inositol (225.96–956.78 mg/kg dw), fructose (137.05–689.21 mg/kg dw), and sucrose (189.55–328.06 mg/kg dw). This study revealed that brown macroalgae are particularly rich in potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc and they may have potential for use in the food industry.
Preparation and Properties of High-Viscosity Asphalt Using WTR, Terpene Resin, and APAO
Authors: Lu Xiaosong , Zheng Suining , Hu Yuanyuan , He Rui , Lei Ningjing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this research, a novel high-viscosity asphalt (HVA) is developed using renewable modifiers to reduce its environmental impact and cost over traditional polymer modifiers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene and Tafpack super. Waste tire rubber (WTR) was utilized to increase the viscosity and improve the rheological properties of asphalt matrix at a relatively low cost. Amorphous poly alpha olefin (APAO) and terpene resin (TR) were used in the study to promote the effect of WTR and reduce the reaction temperature of the modification process. The rheological properties of asphalt matrix, WTR rubber-modified asphalt (RMA), and HVA were evaluated by dynamic shear rheometer, and the internal microstructure was observed by fluorescence microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the compatibility of the prepared asphalts. The reaction temperature was reduced by 20°C–30°C. The optimum dosage of WTR, APAO, and TR was determined as 20 percent asphalt by weight (wt%), 5 wt%, and 3 wt%, respectively. Experimental outcomes indicated that the optimum modifiers appreciably increased the viscosity by 2.5 times (higher than 20,000 Pa·s at 60°C) and increased the ductility and softening point of RMA by approximately 50 % and 10 %, respectively. The HVA exhibited greater resistance to permanent deformation at high temperatures and to cracks at low temperatures. Because of the chemical and physical reaction between the asphalt phase and WTR, the addition of APAO and TR promoted the swelling of rubber powder and improved the uniformity of the system.