bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permittivity boosting by induced strain from local doping in titanates from first principles
Authors: Kutana Alex , Shimano Yuho , Asahi Ryoji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examine the effect of isovalent substitutions and co-doping on the ionic dielectric constant of paraelectric titanates (perovskite, Ruddlesden-Popper phases, and rutile) using density functional perturbation theory. Substitutions increase the ionic dielectric constant of the prototype structures, and new dynamically stable structures with εion ~ 102–104 are reported and analyzed. The boosting of ionic permittivity is attributed to local defect-induced strain, and maximum Ti–O bond length is proposed as a descriptor. The Ti–O phonon mode that is responsible for the large dielectric constant can be tuned by a local strain and symmetry lowering from substitutions. Our findings help explain the recently observed colossal permittivity in co-doped rutile, attributing its intrinsic permittivity boosting solely to the lattice polarization mechanism, without the need to invoke other mechanisms. Finally, we identify new perovskite- and rutile-based systems that can potentially display colossal permittivity.
Educational Information Improves Listener Attitudes Toward People With Dysarthria Secondary to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fletcher Annalise R. , Potts Madison W. , Borrie Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
People with dysarthria have been rated as less confident and less likable and are often assumed by listeners to have reduced cognitive abilities relative to neurotypical speakers. This study explores whether educational information about dysarthria can shift these attitudes in a group of speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to Parkinson's disease.

Method:

One hundred seventeen listeners were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to transcribe sentences and rate the confidence, intelligence, and likability of eight speakers with mild hypokinetic dysarthria. Listeners were assigned to one of four conditions. In one condition, listeners were provided with no educational information prior to exposure to speakers with dysarthria (
n
= 29). In another condition, listeners were given educational statements from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association website (
n
= 29). In a third condition, listeners were given additional information stating that dysarthria does not indicate reduced intelligence or understanding (
n
= 30). Finally, in a fourth condition, listeners only heard samples from neurotypical, age-matched adults (
n
= 29).

Results:
Results revealed statistically significant effects of educational statements on ratings of speakers' confidence, intelligence, and likability. However, educational statements did not affect listeners' transcription accuracy.

Conclusions:
This study presents preliminary evidence that educational material can positively influence listener impressions of speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria, especially when it is explicitly stated that the disorder does not affect intelligence or understanding. This initial examination provides preliminary support for educational awareness campaigns and self-disclosure of communicative difficulties in people with mild dysarthria.
Dess–Martin Periodinane/Brønsted Acid-Mediated Tandem Oxidation/Cyclization of Homopropargylic Alcohols for Synthesis of Trisubstituted Furans
Authors: Horino Yoshikazu , Murakami Miki , Miyazaki Megumi , Ishibashi Mayo , Oda Mizuki , Takekuma Karin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA facile, efficient, and metal-free single-flask procedure for the synthesis of trisubstituted furans from simple readily available homopropargylic alcohols is described. A combination of Dess–Martin periodinane, H2O, and TsOH·H2O plays a crucial role in the formation of the trisubstituted furans. The advantages of this method include operational ease, mild reaction conditions, and good functional-group tolerance.
Digestive, Anorectal, and Urogenital Functions in Patients with Type
2 Diabetes Mellitus, Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Normal Glucose Tolerance:
Association with Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Quast Daniel R , Boronikolos Georgios C , Menge Bjoern A , Breuer Thomas GK , Schenker Nina , Meier Juris J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aims Gastrointestinal disorders, including constipation and fecal
incontinence, are common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may derive from
diabetic autonomic neuropathy, severe intestinal bacterial overgrowth, or a
dysfunctional anorectal sphincter. The present study aims to characterize the
correlation between these conditions.
Methods Patients with T2DM, prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance
(NGT) were included. The anorectal function was assessed with high-resolution
anorectal manometry. Patients were screened for autonomic neuropathy by
measuring olfactory, sweat, and erectile dysfunction as well as heart rate
variability. Constipation and fecal (in-)continence were evaluated using
validated questionnaires. Breath tests were used to assess severe intestinal
bacterial overgrowth.
Results We included 59 participants (32 (54.2%) with T2DM, 9
(15.3%) with prediabetes, and 18 (30.5%) NGT). The presence of
autonomic neuropathy, severe bacterial overgrowth, and symptoms of constipation
and incontinence were comparable. HbA1c was correlated with an
increased anorectal resting sphincter pressure (r=0.31,
P=0.019) and constipation symptoms (r=0.30,
P=0.031). In patients with a long-standing diagnosis of T2DM,
significantly higher values for maximum anorectal resting pressure
(Δ=+27.81±7.84 mmHg,
P=0.0015) and baseline pressure
(Δ=20.50±9.74 mmHg, P=0.046) were
found compared with NGT, but not with prediabetes.
Conclusions Long-standing T2DM increases anorectal sphincter activity, and
constipation symptoms are associated with higher HbA1c levels. The
lack of an association of symptoms with autonomic neuropathy suggests
glucotoxicity as the primary mechanism.
Low risk of new dysplastic lesions in an inflammatory bowel disease population study with dye chromoendoscopy
Authors: Sicilia Beatriz , González-Lama Yago , Velayos Benito , Suárez Patricia , Maroto-Martín Carlos , Nuñez Aljandro , Hernández Luis , Sáiz-Chumillas Rosa M. , Relea Lucia , Fernández-Salazar Luis , Sierra-Ausín Mónica , Barrio Andrés Jesús , Muñoz Fernando , Arias García Lara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Rates of new dysplastic lesions or cancer progression after first dye chromoendoscopy in the era of high-definition endoscopy have yet to be determined.
Patients and methods A multicenter, population-based, retrospective cohort study was performed in seven hospitals in Spain. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and fully resected (R0) dysplastic colon lesions under surveillance with high-definition dye-based chromoendoscopy were sequentially enrolled between February 2011 and June 2017, with a minimum endoscopic follow-up of 36 months. The aim was to assess the incidence of developing more advanced metachronous neoplasia by analyzing possible associated risk factors.
Results The study sample included 99 patients and 148 index lesions (145 low-grade dysplasia lesions and three high-grade dysplasia [HGD] lesions with a mean follow-up of 48.76 months [IQR: 36.34–67.15]). The overall incidence of new dysplastic lesions was 0.23 per 100 patient-years, 1.15 per 100 patients at 5 years and 2.29 per 100 patients at 10 years. A history of dysplasia was associated with a higher risk of developing any grade of dysplasia during follow-up (P = 0.025), whereas left colon lesions were associated with a lower risk (P = 0.043). The incidence of more advanced lesions at 1 year and 10 years was 1 % and 14 % respectively, with lesion size > 1 cm being a risk factor (P = 0.041). One of the eight patients (13 %) with HGD lesions developed colorectal cancer during follow-up.
Conclusions The risk of dysplasia progressing to advanced neoplasia and, specifically, the risk of new neoplastic lesions after endoscopic resection of colitis-associated dysplasia, are both very low.
Structural and Molecular Imaging for Clinically Uncertain Parkinsonism
Authors: Sasikumar Sanskriti , Strafella Antonio P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeuroimaging is an important adjunct to the clinical assessment of Parkinson disease (PD). Parkinsonism can be challenging to differentiate, especially in early disease stages, when it mimics other movement disorders or when there is a poor response to dopaminergic therapies. There is also a discrepancy between the phenotypic presentation of degenerative parkinsonism and the pathological outcome. The emergence of more sophisticated and accessible neuroimaging can identify molecular mechanisms of PD, the variation between clinical phenotypes, and the compensatory mechanisms that occur with disease progression. Ultra-high-field imaging techniques have improved spatial resolution and contrast that can detect microstructural changes, disruptions in neural pathways, and metabolic and blood flow alterations. We highlight the imaging modalities that can be accessed in clinical practice and recommend an approach to the diagnosis of clinically uncertain parkinsonism.
Whānau Āwhina Plunket nurses’ views on the use of the PHQ-3 postnatal depression screening tool: a survey
Authors: Faulkner Jenny , Moir Chris 
Published: March 2023

Introduction In New Zealand, nurses visiting families postnatally use the Patient Health Questionnaire-3 (PHQ-3) to screen and detect postnatal depression. Exploring nurses’ perception of the tool when using it with women across cultures is central to ensuring the PHQ-3 tool supports equitable screening and detection of postnatal depression, yet little is known about nurses’ confidence with, and use of, the tool with people of differing cultures. Aim The aim of this study was to understand nurses’ confidence in using the PHQ-3 to screen for postnatal depression, particularly its use cross-culturally. Methods Quantitative online survey research was carried out in 2019. Fifty-two percent of eligible registered nurses participated (n = 187), completing Likert scale responses and open questions about the use of the screening tool with specific groups, and barriers and facilitators to screening. Results Ninety-five percent of participants were confident in their use of the PQH-3, 70% of nurses agreed the PHQ-3 supports the identification of postnatal depression, and most respondents (54.5%) disagreed that the PHQ-3 was a good screening tool cross-culturally. Discussion Nurses were confident in their use of the PHQ-3, and it was relatively highly regarded in its ability to detect postnatal depression. However, less confidence in its use across cultures implies the PHQ-3 does not translate to evidence-based, cross-cultural care. To serve culturally diverse populations, consultation is needed on both languages used and cultural practices so that tools are appropriate, otherwise they cannot be validated for use cross-culturally.
Asian migrants navigating New Zealand primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: Xiang Valerie , Parackal Sherly , Gurung Gagan , Subramaniam Rathan M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Information on the responsiveness of the New Zealand (NZ) health system to Asians to enable navigation of healthcare services is currently lacking. Barriers experienced by Asian patients to enable optimal navigation of, and engagement with, healthcare services are also sparse. Aim This research aimed to: (1) document and analyse resources available on the websites of general practices that aid in optimal health care navigation for NZ Asians; and (2) explore the barriers perceived by Asian migrants to navigating the NZ Health System, particularly primary care. Methods This study involved qualitative document analysis of existing resources on general practice websites. Information on perceived barriers and experiences of navigating the health system was collected through semi-structured interviews (n = 9). Results Overall, 293 general practice websites were analysed. The themes from content analysis were: availability of basic information, linguistic accessibility, and culturally appropriate support for patients. Relevant and reliable information facilitating effective navigation of the NZ health system by Asians was lacking. Interview data supported the findings about the general practices, with participants reporting significant difficulties navigating and understanding NZ primary care services. Discussion Current navigational resources presume knowledge that Asian migrants do not often possess. Participants felt this lack of accessible information acutely, and it influenced how they perceived and engaged with healthcare services. Increased accessibility through resources in Asian languages, including an overview of how Health NZ functions in providing health care and professional interpreter services, would be critical to increase appropriate engagement with healthcare services and thus contribute to better health outcomes for Asians.
Describing and assessing interactional competence in a second language
Authors: Malabarba Taiane , Betz Emma 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The contributions to this Special Issue employ conversation analysis to illustrate how detailed analysis of
language use can lead to the identification of assessable features of second/foreign language Interactional Competence (L2 IC) and
the development of institutional testing instruments and practices. L2 IC has been the focus of much research at the intersection
of social interaction and second language acquisition. It has also been treated as a construct in the field of language
assessment. However, scholars in each research branch have just begun to collaborate systematically. This Special Issue furthers
this collaboration, connecting research on L2 IC in diverse learning contexts with practical questions regarding the assessment of
individual learners. It adopts a dialogic ‘full paper–commenting paper’ structure: Four empirical papers are each paired with
invited commentaries that provide critical discussion and a complementary view of the topics the full papers address. The final
discussion papers take a broader perspective on the complex nature of L2 IC and assessment and propose ways to productively move
forward. Besides introducing the notion of L2 IC and each individual contribution, this introductory article explains the
rationale behind the Special Issue in relation to current research.
A method for simultaneously preparing crack-based and composite-based PDMS strain sensors by mixing AgNWs and Ag microparticles
Authors: Gao Kunpeng , Wang Qianjin , Tang Junqi , Liu Yingkai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Resistive-type strain sensors have been widely studied because of their high precision and convenient measurement. But the high sensitivity and large strain range of this kind of sensor conflict with each other. It is difficult to prepare a sensor with high sensitivity and a large tensile range at the same time. Here, we propose a method to use AgNWs/Ag microparticles (AgMPs) and PDMS to simultaneously manufacture two strain sensors with different principles, a crack-based sensor and a composite-based sensor. On the one hand, the crack-based sensor has a low detection limit of 0.5% strain and high sensitivity of GF ≈ 90 at the strain of 0 ∼ 50%. It is suitable for the detection of small strains and can detect throat vibration when speaking. On the other hand, the composite-based sensor has a large strain range of 0 ∼ 240% and excellent stability. After 1000 cycles of stretching-releasing at 50% strain, the resistance change rate remains unchanged. It is suitable for the detection of large strains. Moreover, the sensitivity and working range of the composite-based sensor can be adjusted by changing the ratio and total amount of AgNWs/AgMPs composites. It can accurately monitor the different bending angles of the elbow joint and a people’s walking status and pace. The strain sensor prepared by this method has great practical value in wearable devices and electronic skin.
Sun Protection in German Outdoor Workers: Differences by Sex and Job-Related Characteristics
Authors: Diehl Katharina , Brokmeier Luisa , Konkel Tobias , Breitbart Eckhard W , Drexler Hans , Görig Tatiana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure during outdoor work increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Therefore, the uptake of recommended sun protection behaviors is important to prevent UV-related skin damage in the population of outdoor workers. To develop targeted prevention campaigns, information on the use of sun protection behaviors in different industries is needed.

Methods
A total of 486 outdoor workers were surveyed on the use of several sun protection measures as part of the 7th wave of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring. Furthermore, details on job-related characteristics, sociodemographics, and skin type were assessed. Descriptive analyses stratified by sex were conducted.

Results
In general, use of sun protection was insufficient (e.g. 38.4% used sunscreen on the face). Sun protection behavior differed between female and male outdoor workers with females being more likely to use sunscreen and males being more likely to wear sun protective clothes and headgear. For male outdoor workers, we revealed several associations with job-related characteristics. For instance, those who were employed full time were more likely to wear sun protective clothes (e.g. shoulder-covering shirt: 87.1% versus 50.0%, P &lt; 0.001).

Discussion
We identified deficits in sun protection behavior in outdoor workers and differences by sex- and job-related characteristics. These differences offer starting points for targeted prevention measures. In addition, the findings may inspire qualitative research.
Reliable Digit Span Scores Among Latin American Monolingual Spanish Speakers
Authors: Rosenstein Leslie D , Edgar Veronica Bordes , Nieves Emmanuel Rosario 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Reliable Digit Span (RDS) is an embedded measure used to assess performance validity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the RDS can be used with Spanish speakers from Latin America.

Method
The Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV was administered to 66 Spanish-speaking patients, 66 English-speaking patients, and 30 Spanish-speaking normal controls. The Spanish-speaking patients had a mean age of 65.82 (standard deviation [SD] = 12.44) and mean education of 6.62 years (SD = 4.91), whereas the controls had a mean age of 48.27 (SD = 10.97) and mean education of 8.33 (SD = 3.04). The English-speaking patients had a mean age of 56.44 (SD = 13.53) and mean education of 12.14 (SD = 2.37).

Results
The average RDS among the Spanish-speaking patients was 5.36 (SD = 1.27) and the average RDS among the controls was 5.90 (SD = 1.06). The mean RDS of the English-speaking patients was 7.83 (SD = 1.72). The modal RDS among Spanish-speaking patients was 5. The modal RDS among Spanish-speaking controls was also 5, though the distribution was bimodal in nature with nearly as many 7 s as 5 s. The modal RDS among the English-speaking patients was 7. Among patients with ≥9 years of education and controlling for age, there remained a significant difference between both language patient groups on the RDS (F(1, 79) = 30.85, p &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
These data suggest that the RDS may not be a valuable measure in assessing performance validity among monolingual Spanish speakers from Latin America, particularly among those with low levels of education.
Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jonaitis Erin M , Janelidze Shorena , Cody Karly A , Langhough Rebecca , Du Lianlian , Chin Nathaniel A , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Hogan Kirk J , Christian Bradley T , Betthauser Tobey J , Hansson Oskar , Johnson Sterling C 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn accurate blood test for Alzheimer’s disease that is sensitive to preclinical proteinopathy and cognitive decline has clear implications for early detection and secondary prevention. We assessed the performance of plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (pTau217) against brain PET markers of amyloid [[11C]-labelled Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)] and tau ([18F]MK-6240) and its utility for predicting longitudinal cognition. Samples were analysed from a subset of participants with up to 8 years follow-up in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP; 2001–present; plasma 2011–present), a longitudinal cohort study of adults from midlife, enriched for parental history of Alzheimer’s disease. Participants were a convenience sample who volunteered for at least one PiB scan, had usable banked plasma and were cognitively unimpaired at first plasma collection. Study personnel who interacted with participants or samples were blind to amyloid status. We used mixed effects models and receiver–operator characteristic curves to assess concordance between plasma pTau217 and PET biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and mixed effects models to understand the ability of plasma pTau217 to predict longitudinal performance on WRAP’s preclinical Alzheimer’s cognitive composite (PACC-3). The primary analysis included 165 people (108 women; mean age = 62.9 ± 6.06; 160 still enrolled; 2 deceased; 3 discontinued). Plasma pTau217 was strongly related to PET-based estimates of concurrent brain amyloid (β^ = 0.83 (0.75, 0.90), P &lt; 0.001). Concordance was high between plasma pTau217 and both amyloid PET (area under the curve = 0.91, specificity = 0.80, sensitivity = 0.85, positive predictive value = 0.58, negative predictive value = 0.94) and tau PET (area under the curve = 0.95, specificity = 1, sensitivity = 0.85, positive predictive value = 1, negative predictive value = 0.98). Higher baseline pTau217 levels were associated with worse cognitive trajectories (β^pTau×age = −0.07 (−0.09, −0.06), P &lt; 0.001). In a convenience sample of unimpaired adults, plasma pTau217 levels correlate well with concurrent brain Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology and with prospective cognitive performance. These data indicate that this marker can detect disease before clinical signs and thus may disambiguate presymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease from normal cognitive ageing.