bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D simulation of orbit loss and heat load on limiters of ICRF-NBI synergy induced fast ions on EAST
Authors: Zheng Y. , Zhang W. , Li G. , Yin L. , Hao B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFast ions synergy induced by ion-cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) and neutral beam injection (NBI) are of interest not only because of their advantage of heating the plasma and drive currents, but also because of their disadvantage of damaging plasma surface components and driving MHD instabilities. In this paper, we calculate the fast ion loss and the deposition distribution of the lost particles on the limiters in EAST under the synergistic effect of the ripple field and collisions with the full-orbit-following simulation program ISSDE for the first time. The previous models to study the NBI fast ion loss by the action of ICRF are relatively simple and consider fewer influencing factors. Most studies on fast ion loss have used toroidal uniform boundaries. In this work, we consider the distribution of ICRF-NBI synergy induced fast ions with different minority H concentrations. After setting the limiter boundary, we consider the prompt fast ion loss caused by the equilibrium field and the fast ion loss caused by the ripple field and collision. Under the action of minority-ion ion-cyclotron resonant heating, the NBI fast ion distribution function has spread in the high-energy part, especially for the minority H concentration of 1%, and the fast ions show each anisotropic distribution near the resonance band on the poloidal dimension. The synergistic loss caused by the ripple field and collision will first be greater than the loss caused by either factor, and then reach a final loss fraction of 3.8%. The heat load power density of the lost fast ions on different limiters is not uniform, as well as on each limiter, which is related to the distance from the limiter to the plasma, the relative position between the limiters and the parallel direction of most fast ions. Once the study of ICRF-NBI synergy induced fast ion loss caused by the action of ripple and collision has been done, we can do optimization in a targeted manner. Such as adding ferromagnetic inserts to reduce the ripple loss and optimizing the limiters’ position to reduce or control the generation of impurities.
Electron beam welding of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 high entropy alloy to EN 1.4301 austenitic steel
Authors: Rončák J , Adam O , Zobač M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEA), also known as multi-principle component alloys (MPCA), are a group of materials exhibiting promising mechanical properties. The principle of the alloy is to achieve sufficient ductility due to the presence of the soft phase and, at the same time, increased strength due to the hard phase. In order for the newly discovered types of materials to be used commercially, it is necessary to verify their behaviour in technological operations such as welding processes. Therefore, the objective of the experiment was to evaluate the heterogeneous welded joint of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy with commercially used austenitic steel EN 1.4301 by electron beam welding. The parameters used during the process were previously verified on homogeneous joints. Subsequent observations were made by light and electron microscopy supplemented by chemical analysis. The mechanical properties of the formed joint were verified by a Vickers hardness test.
IEC 62264 standard-based manufacturing operations management resource modelling for electron beam welding
Authors: Vasilev P , Koleva E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The development and deployment of a Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM) system for electron beam welding aims the integration and organization of the accumulated knowledge for the process, and the application of this knowledge for the improvement of the modelling and control capabilities, their efficiency, adaptability, flexibility and re-configurability, as well as integration with other technological processes. The paper presents the Unified Modelling Language (UML) information modelling of electron beam welding installation as a part of an IEC 62264 standard-based manufacturing operations management system development.
Advances in electron beam technology for environmental and biotechnological applications at Fraunhofer FEP
Authors: Teichmann T , Dincklage L , Schaap L L , Schreuder D , Blüthner R , Winckler F , Schopf S , König U , Zimmermann B , Mattausch G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An expanding part of electron beam technology developed at Fraunhofer FEP tackles ecological and biotechnological challenges of highest relevance. Antimicrobial and fungicidal effects of electron beam are exploited in the chemical-free phytosanitary treatment of seeds. Chemical pollutants but also pathogens in gaseous effluents and waste water can be efficiently neutralized. Medical products such as tools, packaging and implants can be sterilized, disinfected, or even biologically advantageously functionalized. Viruses can be inactivated via electron beam to produce vaccines with an excellent antigen conservation leading to a high degree of immunization with good reproducibility, but without the usage of additional chemicals. Plasma synthesis in electron beam-sustained discharges allows for an exceptionally efficient energy transfer to non-reactive greenhouse gases like CO2 and CH4 and is a promising approach to the economical, scalable production of media for sustainable chemical energy storage (Power to X - PtX), driving the energy transition and reducing greenhouse gases. The publication gives an overview of the recent advances of electron beam technology at Fraunhofer FEP in these emerging fields of application.
Climate and air pollution impacts of generating biopower from forest management residues in California
Authors: Fingerman Kevin R , Qiriazi Jerome , Barrientos Cassidy L , Blasdel Max , Comnick Jeffrey M , Harris Andrew R , Geronimo Carisse , Hsu Chih-Wei , Kane Jeffrey M , Oneil Elaine , Rios-Romero Sabrinna , Rogers Luke W , Severy Mark , Wright Micah C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
California faces crisis conditions on its forested landscapes. A century of aggressive logging and fire suppression in combination with conditions exacerbated by climate change have created an ongoing ecological, economic, and public health emergency. Between commercial harvests on California’s working forestlands and the increasing number of acres the state treats each year for fire risk reduction and carbon sequestration, California forests generate millions of tons of woody residues annually—residues that are typically left or burned in the field. State policymakers have turned to biomass electricity generation as a key market for woody biomass in the hope that it can support sustainable forest management activities while also providing low-carbon renewable electricity. However, open questions surrounding the climate and air pollution performance of electricity generation from woody biomass have made it difficult to determine how best to manage the risks and opportunities posed by forest residues. The California Biomass Residue Emissions Characterization (C-BREC) model offers a spatially-explicit life cycle assessment framework to rigorously and transparently establish the climate and air pollution impacts of biopower from forest residues in California under current conditions. The C-BREC model characterizes the variable emissions from different biomass supply chains as well as the counterfactual emissions from prescribed burn, wildfire, and decay avoided by residue mobilization. We find that the life cycle ‘carbon footprint’ of biopower from woody residues generated by recent forest treatments in California ranges widely—from comparable with solar photovoltaic on the low end to comparable with natural gas on the high end. This variation stems largely from the heterogeneity in the fire and decay conditions these residues would encounter if left in the field, with utilization of residue that would otherwise have been burned in place offering the best climate and air quality performance. California’s energy and forest management policies should account for this variation to ensure desired climate benefits are achieved.
Enhanced Asian warming increases Arctic amplification
Authors: Xie Yongkun , Huang Jianping , Wu Guoxiong , Lei Nan , Liu Yimin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Arctic has been experiencing prominent warming amplification. However, despite anthropogenic emissions and oceanic variability, whether Arctic amplification has a connection with land in the lower latitudes remains unknown. Here, we newly identify enhanced Asian warming as a factor underlying Arctic amplification. The simulations demonstrate that enhanced Asian warming contributes 22% of the wintertime amplified warming over the Barents–Kara Seas (BKS). We demonstrate that Asian warming remotely affects the Arctic by affecting poleward atmospheric heat and moisture transport. The external anomalous heat and moisture further trigger local feedbacks concerning sea ice-albedo feedback and changes in longwave radiation and evaporation, thus facilitating BKS warming amplification. The capacitor effect of the Arctic Ocean further modulates the seasonality of BKS warming via turbulent heat flux exchange between the atmosphere and ocean. Moreover, anomalous Rossby wave trains are responsible for the anomalous atmospheric circulations favoring the atmospheric heat and moisture transport into BKS. Our findings illuminate a new factor from remote lower latitudes affecting Arctic climate change.
Kaingin farming practices of Hanunuo farmers in Paclolo, Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
Authors: Calitang G L , Orpiano R G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Employing the descriptive method of research, this study was conducted to determine the “kaingin” farming practices of the Hanunuos in the indigenous communities of Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro. A set of items was developed, validated, and used as interview schedule in gathering data from the 60 Hanunuo farmers. Focus group discussion was also conducted. Frequency and percentage distribution, standard deviation, and weighted means were used. The Hanunuo farmers were middle aged (mean=42 years old); mostly females; elementary undergraduate; affiliated to at least one organization; and had long farming experience in a 1.03-hectare “kaingin” farm acquired through Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title. Their “kaingin” farm productivity was low, mainly from rice and corn. Legumes, root crops, vegetables and fruit crops were likewise grown. Similar to other “kaingin” farmers, the Hanunuos adopted mixed or diversified cropping, direct sowing, zero tillage, no fertilization, and less use of chemicals. Harvesting was manual and they practiced sun drying and seed storage. Confronted by low yields and income, technical support services must be provided to enhance farm productivity, and crops that could maximize the potential of “kaingin” farms must be identified. They must be properly educated for the protection and conservation of upland resources.
Agroforestry System Based on Local Wisdom for Small Island Communities
Authors: Arafah Nur , Hidrawati  
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The communities of small islands have local wisdom in the agroforestry system as a form of adaptation to agricultural technology in a dry land with dry climates. This study aims to find and explain agroforestry systems based on local wisdom in small islands. The study was conducted in April-December 2021. The case study is located on Wangi-Wangi Island, Wakatobi Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province with the consideration that this area can represent the characteristics of the agroforestry system in small island communities in the Southeast Sulawesi archipelago. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and literature studies using the triangulation method. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using historical and phenomenological approaches. The results showed that there were agroforestry systems based on local wisdom, namely weli’a, rawu’a, and ontoala. The three systems are applied to different topographical characteristics of the land and have been proven to be socially, economically, and ecologically beneficial.
Agroforestry as Rehabilitation Strategy System in Orang Kayo Hitam Peat Swamp Park Forest, Jambi - Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari C , Iswandaru D , Novriyanti N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Tropical peat forest ecosystems are unique and have multiple social, economic, and ecological benefits. Factors such as excessive drainage and frequent fires cause peatland degradation. Rehabilitation of deforested and drained tropical peat swamp forests is globally relevant in the context of deforestation and forest degradation. One management system that can be implemented in these conditions combines crops and forest plants (agroforestry). The challenges of the agroforestry application strategy in forest parks are the status of the land, which is a conservation area, and the characteristics of the surrounding community and field conditions. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to conduct this research to support the Orang Kayo Hitam (OKH) forest park development strategy appropriately. The research was conducted in May – June 2021 and used Force Field Analysis based on the opinions of 231 respondents. Based on the research results, it is known that respondents stated that the highest internal driving force is motivation to improve family’s economic from agroforestry products (score 52) and the external one is availability of endemic plants (score 45). The respondent’s opinion about the highest internal inhibiting factor is related to public knowledge of benefits from endemic plant species (score 39), while for external is related to market networks for Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP) market (score 43).
Influence of Biochar and Biofertilizer Mixture on Coffea spp. Planted in an Agroforestry Ecosystem
Authors: Victoria K S , Gonzales K K M P , Gestiada E C , Aggangan N S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Coffee (Coffea spp.) is considered as one of the high-value commercial crops of the world. The study assessed the growth of mature and fruiting coffee in an already-established agroforestry ecosystems amended with biofertilizer, biochar, and vermicompost mixture. Field experiments were conducted on three coffee farms within the provinces of Laguna and Batangas, Luzon Island, Philippines (coded as Sta. Maria (Laguna), Lipa1 and Lipa2 (Batangas) with treatments: control, MYKORICH® biofertilizer (MRICH), 15% bamboo biochar (BB) and MRICH+BB. All trees were applied with one kg vermicompost per tree during the start of the experiment applied at 3-4 in below the soil surface, half m away from the base of the tree. MRICH+BB consistently gave a high significant increase of 221% stem diameter increment in Sta. Maria and 214% in Lipa2 after six months to three years. In Lipa1, BB treatment gave the highest increment (20.75 mm). Soil in Sta. Maria gave the highest spore count (136 per 50 g soil) when treated with MRICH. MRICH also promoted the highest nitrogen-fixing bacterial count (15.43 CFU x 106) in Lipa2. Highest fruit yield was gathered from MRICH+BB in Sta. Maria (2,010 g per tree) and Lipa1 (1,640 g per tree) while MRICH in Lipa2 (1,390 g tree). Positive effect was also observed on soil physico-chemical characteristics (OM, N, P, K, CEC) when inoculated with either MRICH or MRICH+BB treatments. These findings can be of significance to develop a low-input sustainable system on agroforestry soils using combined biofertilizers, biochar and vermicompost.
Urban Forestry in Kota Kinabalu: Home Garden practices by urban villages for biodiversity, socio-economic and environmental services
Authors: Kodoh J , Jaunis O , Maid M , Lintangah W , Mojiol A R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The growing urbanization has greatly reduced biodiversity. Home gardening is a crucial approach for biodiversity preservation, particularly in metropolitan settings with a dearth of green spaces. The goal of this study is to determine the types of trees and crops growing in urban villages in Kota Kinabalu, as well as the socioeconomic and environmental benefits that urban residents receive from their home gardens, which serve as urban forests. In four urban villages, the data were gathered through observation and household questionnaires. Interviews have been conducted with 217 respondents in total. The results showed that the respondents planted a total of 14 different crop and tree types, with Misai Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) and mango tree (Mangifera spp.), Pandan (Pandanus sp.) and Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum) being the most popular trees and crops. The garden’s key contributions were lowering the temperature in the residential areas and as a leisure activity area. There was little correlation between the social benefit of urban forestry and the function of home gardens such as for food supply, medicinal use and hobby. Due to the small-scale home gardens, the economic contribution was little but complemented domestic requirements. The promotion of agroforestry systems in urban areas needs to be stepped up to preserve biodiversity, meet the demand for food and medicine, and provide environmental benefits.
Financial feasibility analysis of Shorea balangeran as a paludiculture species for peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Ardhana A , Yuwati T W , Hidayat D C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Shorea balangeran is a potential paludicultural commodity for industry and a medicinal commodity for malaria, diabetes, and diarrhea. This type of plant has proven to be very good for peatland restoration, but it takes a long time to take advantage of the timber. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of the S. balangeran plant cultivation business in Tanjung Taruna village. Primary data were gathered through interviews with farmers who grow S. balangeran, while secondary data for some of the assumptions used were gathered from a variety of related literature. The analysis showed that the cultivation was quite feasible, with a positive NPV of IDR. 13,131,668. However, from the calculation of IRR 12%, BCR 1.01, and PP 20 years, it was clear that the business was feasible with a high risk if planted in monoculture. Therefore, the cultivation of S. balangeran needs to be done through intercropping or agroforestry.
Pulsed gas–liquid discharge plasma catalytic degradation of bisphenol A over graphene/CdS: process parameters optimization and O3 activation mechanism analysis
Authors: JIANG 姜 Nan 楠 , LI 李 Xuechuan 学川 , LI 李 Ju 举 , LI 李 Jie 杰 , LIAO 廖 Bing 兵 , PENG 彭 Bangfa 邦发 , LIU 刘 Guo 国 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the present work, pulsed gas–liquid hybrid discharge plasma coupled with graphene/CdS catalyst was evaluated to eliminate bisphenol A (BPA) in wastewater. The optimization of a series of process parameters was performed in terms of BPA degradation performance. The experimental results demonstrated that nearly 90% of BPA (20 mg l−1) in the synthetic wastewater (pH = 7.5, σ = 10 μS m−1) was degraded by the plasma catalytic system over 0.2 g l−1 graphene/CdS at 19 kV with a 4 l min−1 air flow rate and 10 mm electrode gap within 60 min. The BPA removal rate increased with increasing the discharge voltage and decreasing the initial BPA concentration or solution conductivity. Nevertheless, either too high or too low an air flow rate, electrode gap, catalyst dosage or initial solution pH would lead to a decrease in BPA degradation. Moreover, optical emission spectroscopy was used to gain information on short-lived reactive species formed from the pulsed gas–liquid hybrid discharge plasma system. The results indicated the existence of several highly oxidative free radicals such as ·O and ·OH. Finally, the activation pathway of O3 on the catalyst surface was analyzed by density functional theory.
Gallium-doped zinc oxide: nonlinear reflection and transmission measurements and modeling in the ENZ region
Authors: Ball Adam , Secondo Ray , Diroll Benjamin T , Fomra Dhruv , Ding Kai , Avrutin Vitaly , Özgür Ümit , Kinsey Nathaniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Strong nonlinear materials have been sought after for decades for applications in telecommunications, sensing, and quantum optics. Gallium-doped zinc oxide is a II–VI transparent conducting oxide that shows promising nonlinearities similar to indium tin oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide for the telecommunications band. Here we explore its nonlinearities in the epsilon near zero (ENZ) region and show n
2,eff values on the order of 4.5 × 10−3 cm2GW−1 for IR pumping on 200–300 nm thin films. Measuring nonlinear changes in transmission and reflection with a white light source probe in the near-IR while exciting in the near-IR provides data in both time and wavelength. Three films varying in thickness, optical loss, and ENZ crossover wavelength are numerically modeled and compared to experimental data showing agreement for both dispersion and temporal relaxation. In addition, we discuss optimal excitation and probing wavelengths occur around ENZ for thick films but are red-shifted for thin films where our model provides an additional degree of freedom to explore. Obtaining accurate nonlinear measurements is a difficult and time-consuming task where our method in this paper provides experimental and modeled data to the community for an ENZ material of interest.
A comparative plastomic analysis ofZiziphus jujubavar.spinosa(Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow and implication of the origin of Chinese jujube
Authors: Du Shuhui , Hu Xiaoyan , Guo Yuanting , Wang Shengji , Yang Xiuyun , Wu Zhenzhen , Huang Yuyin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComparative plastomics can be used to explicitly dissect various types of plastome variation. In the present study, the plastome variation pattern of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (also called sour jujube) and its phylogenomic relationship with Chinese jujube were investigated. Plastomes of 21 sour jujube individuals were sequenced and assembled. The length of the sour jujube plastomes ranged between 159399 and 161279 bp. The plastomes exhibited collinearity of structure, gene order and content. The most divergent regions were located in the intergenic spacers, such as trnR-UCU-atpA and psbZ-trnG-UCC. Sliding window analysis demonstrated that the sequence variation among the sour jujube plastomes was relatively low. Sixty-two to 76 SSRs with 4 motif types were identified in the sour jujube plastomes with a predominant motif type of A/T. Three protein-coding genes exhibited higher nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios, indicating that these genes may undergo positive selection. A total of 80 SNPs were detected and 1266 potential RNA editing sites of 23 protein-coding genes were predicted. In the phylogenomic tree constructed, sour jujube has a sister relationship to Chinese jujube, which indicates that Chinese jujube may have originated or been domesticated from sour jujube. The present study explicitly investigated the individual-level plastome variation of sour jujube and provides potential valuable molecular markers for future genetic-related study of this lineage.