bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Perspektiven bei Psoriasis
Authors: Schön Michael P. , Wilsmann‐Theis Dagmar 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Erforschung kaum einer anderen Erkrankung hat so grundlegend neue Erkenntnisse über immunologischen Regulationen und gleichzeitig eine derart rasante Entwicklung innovativer Therapien hervorgebracht wie das Studium der Psoriasis. In dieser kurzen Übersichtsarbeit umreißen wir die Grundzüge der aktuellen Psoriasisforschung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung pathophysiologischer Vorgänge und der Meilensteine bei der Zulassung verschiedener Biologika und niedermolekularer Pharmaka. Nicht zuletzt durch die Psoriasisforschung verstehen wir das Zusammenspiel der Komponenten des angeborenen und des adaptiven Immunsystems immer besser. Neue Therapeutika greifen dabei an entscheidenden Punkten in regulatorische Netzwerke ein. Ausgehend vom derzeitigen Kenntnisstand skizzieren wir einige aus unserer Sicht wesentliche zukünftige Forschungsrichtungen sowie therapeutische und klinische Entwicklungen im Bereich der Psoriasis. Diese reichen von der Erforschung genetischer, epigenetischer, zellulärer und immunologischer Mechanismen über die Untersuchung spezifischer klinischer Formen der Psoriasis und individueller systemischer Auswirkungen der Krankheit sowie ihrer Behandlung bis hin zur Einbeziehung vonBig Dataund künstlicher Intelligenz. Ziele sind ein ganzheitliches Verständnis der Psoriasis von der molekularen bis zur organismischen und gesellschaftlichen Ebene und darauf aufbauend individualisierte Präventions‐ und Behandlungsstrategien. Trotz beeindruckender Fortschritte muss die Psoriasisforschung sowohl im kleinen als auch im großen Maßstab weiterentwickelt werden, um den Bedürfnissen von Behandlern und Patienten noch besser gerecht zu werden.
Lupus erythematodes
Authors: Günther Claudia , Wenzel Jörg 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer kutane Lupus erythematodes manifestiert sich mit oder ohne systemische Beteiligung mit einem breiten klinischen Spektrum. Die Pathogenese der Erkrankung ist durch einen Toleranzverlust gegenüber körpereigenen Antigenen und einer chronisch schubweisen Aktivierung des angeborenen und adaptiven Immunsystems geprägt. Die Forschung der letzten Jahre erweiterte unser pathogenetisches Verständnis. Allerdings sind die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten aktuell begrenzt. Gegen den Faktor Blys und den Typ‐I‐Interferon‐Rezeptor gerichtete Biologika können bei Patienten mit kutaner Beteiligung und systemischem Lupus erythematodes mit zum Teil ausgezeichnetem Ansprechen eingesetzt werden.Die Durchführung klinischer Studien ist aufgrund der klinischen Variabilität der Erkrankung schwierig. Da jedoch die kutane Manifestation zunehmend als primärer Endpunkt erfasst wird, bleibt zu hoffen, dass die vielfältigen therapeutischen Ansatzpunkte in näherer Zukunft zu besseren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der Erkrankung führen.
Ausgewählte Genodermatosen – Stand der Dinge und Zukunftsaussichten
Authors: Frank Jorge , Has Cristina , Betz Regina C. 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungGenodermatosen sind monogen vererbte Erkrankungen, die sich entweder ausschließlich mit Symptomen an der Haut manifestieren oder im Rahmen eines assoziierten Syndroms auch andere Organe betreffen können. In den zurückliegenden 30 Jahren wurden zahlreiche hereditäre Haar‐, Tumor‐, blasenbildende und Keratinisierungskrankheiten klinisch und genetisch charakterisiert. Dies hat zur kontinuierlichen Weiterentwicklung krankheitsspezifischer Klassifikationen sowie diagnostischer Algorithmen und Untersuchungstechniken geführt, aber auch zu neuen Pathogenese‐basierten Therapiekonzepten. Während die Entschlüsselung der diesen Krankheiten zugrundeliegenden Gendefekte bereits weit fortgeschritten ist, gibt es noch viel Raum für die Entwicklung neuer translationaler Behandlungsstrategien.
The development of bi‐directionally coupled self‐organizing neurovascular networks captures orientation‐selective neural and hemodynamic cortical responses
Authors: Kumar Bhadra S. , O'Herron Philip J. , Kara Prakash , Chakravarthy V. Srinivasa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNetworks of neurons are the primary substrate of information processing. Conversely, blood vessels in the brain are generally viewed to have physiological functions unrelated to information processing, such as the timely supply of oxygen, and other nutrients to the neural tissue. However, recent studies have shown that cerebral microvessels, like neurons, exhibit tuned responses to sensory stimuli. Tuned neural responses to sensory stimuli may be enhanced with experience‐dependent Hebbian plasticity and other forms of learning. Hence, it is possible that the microvascular network might also be subject to some form of competitive learning rules during early postnatal development such that its fine‐scale structure becomes optimized for metabolic delivery to a given neural micro‐architecture. To explore the possibility of adaptive lateral interactions and tuned responses in cerebral microvessels, we modelled the cortical neurovascular network by interconnecting two laterally connected self‐organizing networks. The afferent and lateral connections of the neural and vascular networks were defined by trainable weights. By varying the topology of lateral connectivity in the vascular network layer, we observed that the partial correspondence of feature selectivity between neural and hemodynamic responses could be explained by lateral coupling across local blood vessels such that the central domain receives an excitatory drive of more blood flow and a distal surrounding region where blood flow is reduced. Critically, our simulations suggest a new role for feedback from the vascular to the neural network because the radius of vascular perfusion determines whether the cortical neural map develops into a clustered vs. salt‐and‐pepper organization.
Geographical variation in community‐wide herbivory matches patterns of intraspecific variation instead of species turnover
Authors: Liu Xiang , Lin Ziyuan , Hu Kui , Wang Xingxing , Zhang Peng , Xiao Yao , Zhang Li , Liu Mu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimAttempts over the past 30 years to explain geographical variation in the strength of herbivore pressure have given rise to ecological hypotheses like the latitudinal herbivory hypothesis. This hypothesis, however, has rarely been tested using community‐level data. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the patterns and potential mechanisms underlying geographical variation in community‐wide herbivory.LocationThe Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.Time PeriodJuly 2021.Major Taxa StudiedPlants.MethodsWe selected 43 grassland sites along a 1500‐km latitudinal gradient (c. 27°N to 39°N) and a 2698‐m elevational gradient (1886–4584 m) on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. We evaluated geographical patterns in invertebrate herbivory pressure at the population and community levels, while also evaluating the importance of geographical variation in mediating the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on intraspecific variation (through changes in herbivory on component species) and species turnover effects (through changes in plant community composition).ResultsCommunity‐wide herbivory decreased with latitude, mirroring intraspecific variation, while species turnover effects did not vary along any tested geographical gradients. Furthermore, we found that geographical variation in community‐wide herbivory was strongly positively correlated with soil nitrogen content. We also found a positive effect of soil nitrogen content on intraspecific variation and a negative effect of plant community biomass on species turnover effects.Main ConclusionsThe latitudinal gradient in community‐wide herbivory was primarily mediated by intraspecific variation, which was in turn associated with a gradient in soil nitrogen content. Our findings highlight the need for community‐wide assessments of geographical variation in plant–herbivore interactions, decomposing community‐wide herbivory into intraspecific variation and species turnover effects.
How does industrial agglomeration affect regional innovation? A spatial econometric analysis
Authors: Yang Nana , Liu Qiming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the direct and indirect (spillover) effects of three types of industrial agglomeration with different cognitive distances, namely, industrial specialization, industrial related variety, and industrial unrelated variety, on regional innovation. Accordingly, we applied the concepts of related and unrelated variety and used spatial econometric analysis. Based on panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2004 to 2016, the empirical results reveal that both industrial specialization and industrial related variety significantly improve regional innovation and produce positive spatial spillover effects on the surrounding regions. However, industrial unrelated variety has a significant negative impact on regional innovation and produces a negative spatial spillover effect on the surrounding regions. Moreover, the direct and indirect effects of the three types of industrial agglomeration on regional innovation between China's coastal and inland cities. The findings have important theoretical and policy implications.
Blenderized watermelon consumption decreases body mass index, body mass index percentile, body fat and HbA1c in children with overweight or obesity
Authors: Daughtry Jaikko , Rasmussen Caitlin , Rosas Martin , Zhang Liyue , Lu Stephanie , Hooshmand Shirin , Liu Changqi , Kern Mark , Hong Mee Young 
Published: April 2023

SummaryObjectivesChildhood obesity increases risk factors related to metabolic diseases. Watermelon's bioactive components can help reduce these risk factors. However, no study has investigated the effects of whole watermelon including both the flesh and rind or have assessed the impacts of any form of watermelon on children with overweight or obesity. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of whole‐blenderized watermelon (BWM) consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors.MethodsA randomized, cross‐over clinical design was implemented. Boys and girls ages 10–17 years with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) consumed one cup of BWM or an isocaloric sugar‐sweetened beverage (control) every day for 8 weeks with a 4‐week washout between trials. Anthropometrics, dietary, biochemical and clinical measures were obtained before and at the end of each trial.ResultsA total of 17 participants completed the study. Eight weeks of BWM intake significantly decreased BMI (p = 0.032), BMI percentile (BMIP) (p = 0.038), body fat percentage (p = 0.036), and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p = 0.012) compared to the sugar‐sweetened beverage. Sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption increased BMIP (p = 0.014) compared to baseline. No significant differences were observed for inflammation, blood glucose, insulin, lipids, liver function enzymes, and satiety hormones.ConclusionsThe results support that BWM consumption improved some cardiometabolic risk factors including BMI, BMIP, body fat, and HbA1c. Watermelon is a potential alternative to unhealthful snacks for improving anthropometry and some risk factors related to obesity in children.
Early outcomes following the implementation of a specialised pleural disease service
Authors: Duong Victor , Tacey Mark , Shum Evonne , Hannan Liam , See Katharine , Muruganandan Sanjeevan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion is a common cause of hospitalisation and a poor prognostic marker that is associated with morbidity and mortality. The evaluation and management of pleural effusion may be performed more effectively by a specialised pleural disease service (SPDS).AimsTo evaluate the impact of a SPDS established in 2017 at a 400‐bed metropolitan hospital in Victoria, Australia.MethodsA retrospective observational study was undertaken comparing outcomes of individuals with pleural effusions. People with pleural effusion were identified using administrative data. Two 12‐month time periods were compared, 2016 (Period 1, before SPDS) and 2018 (Period 2, after SPDS).ResultsPeriod 1 had n = 76 and Period 2 had n = 96 individuals with pleural effusion receiving intervention. Age (69.8 ± 17.6 vs 71.8 ± 15.8), gender and Charlson Comorbidity Index (4.9 ± 2.8 vs 5.4 ± 3.0) were similar across both periods. Utilisation of point‐of‐care ultrasound for pleural procedures increased from Period 1 to 2, 57.3–85.7% (P < 0.001). There was a reduction in median days from admission to intervention (3.8–2.1 days, P = 0.048) and pleural‐related re‐intervention rate (32% vs 19%, P = 0.032). Pleural fluid testing was more consistent with recommendations (16.8% vs 43.2%, P < 0.001). Overall, there was no difference in the median length of stay (7.9 vs 6.4 days, P = 0.23), pleural‐related readmissions (11% vs 16%, P = 0.69) or mortality (17.1% vs 15.6%, P = 0.79). Procedural complications were similar between the two periods.ConclusionsThe introduction of a SPDS was associated with increased point‐of‐care ultrasound utilisation for pleural procedures, shorter delays to intervention and improved standardisation of tests on pleural fluid.
Exploring the effectiveness of a regional nurse practitioner led, long‐acting injectable buprenorphine‐based model of care for opioid use disorder
Authors: Strike Teresa , D'Angelo‐Kemp Dante , Searby Adam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe introduction of long‐acting injectable buprenorphine preparations for opioid use disorder has been widely heralded as a breakthrough treatment, with several studies indicating positive results when using these medications. In many locations, nurse practitioners prescribe, administer, and monitor long‐acting injectable preparations. The objective of this paper is to explore whether a reduction in dispensed needles and syringes is attributable to increased nurse practitioner prescribing of LAIB. We used a retrospective audit of needles dispensed through the health service needle and syringe program vending machine, and individuals treated with long‐acting injectable buprenorphine by the nurse practitioner led model. In addition, we examined potential factors that may influence changes in the number of needles dispensed. Linear regression found that each individual with opioid dependence treated with long‐acting injectable buprenorphine was associated with 90 fewer needles dispensed each month (p < 0.001). The nurse practitioner led model of care for individuals with opioid dependence appears to have influenced the number of needles dispensed at the needle and syringe program. Although all confounding factors could not be discounted entirely, such as substance availability, affordability, and individuals obtaining injecting equipment elsewhere, our research indicates that a nurse practitioner led model of treating individuals with opioid use disorder influenced needle and syringe dispensing in the study setting.
How social connectedness contributes to life satisfaction among Chinese nurses: Testing potential moderated mediation pathways
Authors: Ke Yuye , Zhang Taotao , Xu Jianghua , Chai Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating and moderating mechanisms by which social connectedness predicts life satisfaction among Chinese nurses.BackgroundPrevious researchers have primarily focused on sociodemographic and occupational domain risk factors for nurses’ life satisfaction with relatively little insight into facilitative and protective factors and underlying psychological mechanisms.MethodsWe investigated 459 Chinese nurses’ social connectedness, work–family enrichment, self‐concept clarity, and life satisfaction via a cross‐sectional design. We explored the underlying predictive mechanisms among these variables by creating a moderated mediation model. We followed STROBE checklist.ResultsWork–family enrichment played a mediating role in understanding the positive effects of social connectedness on nurses’ life satisfaction. In addition, the moderating effect of self‐concept clarity was manifested itself in the association between work–family enrichment and life satisfaction.Discussion and conclusionInterpersonal asset (social connectedness) and the positive aspect of the work–family interface (work–family enrichment) were significant contributors to nurses’ life satisfaction. In particular, high self‐concept clarity can enhance the beneficial effect of work‒family enrichment on life satisfaction.Implications for nursing policy and practiceStrengthening social connectedness, promoting synergy in work‒family roles, and maintaining a clarity of self‐concept are important intervention pathways to enhance the health and well‐being of nurses.
Theoretical models of inequality: Examples from rational choice theory and behavioural economics
Authors: Puzon Klarizze Anne , Gisselquist Rachel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing illustrations from research on inequality, this essay makes a case for ‘behavioural synthesis’, that is the reconciliation between neo‐classical and behavioural economics. Focusing on selected theories of absolute and relative inequality, we first give a brief critique of utilitarian models that emphasize self‐interested income maximization. Their assumptions are then compared to status‐seeking models of competition where income differences are maximized. These are then contrasted to altruism models that consider other‐regarding preferences that encourage less inequality. We emphasize the value of behavioural economic experiments in testing the competing predictions of these models. We conclude that consolidation among assumptions from neo‐classical and behavioural economics is necessary when it comes to understanding inequality and propose strategies on how it can be done. We specifically identify some empirical shortcomings of these key economic theories of inequality: context‐dependency in the Global South, specificity of reference groups and consistency of measurement. We propose several ways forward, including the relaxation of assumptions of rationality in theoretical models and further fieldwork in developing countries.
Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Can‐ran , Xue Bing , Gao Ying , Yue Shu‐wen , Redding Sharon R. , Wang Rong , Ouyang Yan‐qiong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo estimate the incidence and identify risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched from inception to April 30th, 2022. Cross‐sectional, cohort, case–control, and secondary analysis of randomized controlled studies that reported the incidence of PPH and the related risk factors in vaginal delivery were eligible through screening of 2343 articles. The incidence, associated standard error, adjusted odds ratios, relative risks and associated 95% confidence intervals were combined in the meta‐analysis.ResultsThirty‐six articles were included in the descriptive review. The incidence of PPH (blood loss ≥500 mL and blood loss ≥1000 mL) was 17% and 6%, respectively. Forty‐one identified risk factors were divided into five categories under two criteria: history and demographics; maternal comorbidity; pregnancy‐related factors; labor‐related factors; delivery‐related factors.ConclusionsWith the increasing incidence of PPH globally, obstetric health care providers need to improve their awareness of these multi‐factorial risks to optimize obstetric care and reduce maternal morbidity. This systematic review and meta‐analysis have raised important questions about the nature of vaginal delivery, such as the duration of prolonged labor, details on the use of oxytocin, and the presence of genital tract trauma. There should be highlighted by obstetric personnel on these factors during a patients' labor process.
Previewing Novel Words Before Reading Affects Their Processing During Reading: An Eye‐Movement Study With First and Second Language Readers
Authors: Elgort Irina , Wetering Ross van de , Arrow Tara , Beyersmann Elisabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effect of previewing unfamiliar vocabulary on the real‐time reading behavior of first language (L1) and second language (L2) readers. University students with English as their L1 or L2 read passages with embedded pseudowords. In a within‐participant manipulation, definitions of the pseudowords were either previewed before reading or reviewed after reading. Previewing significantly affected reading behavior on early and late eye‐movement measures, and the patterns of change on the first three contextual encounters with the pseudowords differed for L1 and L2 readers. On the multiple‐choice cloze posttest, encountering novel words in reading followed by definitions resulted in somewhat more accurate responses for L1 but not L2 participants. The learning condition did not affect the results of the meaning recall posttest. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between vocabulary support approaches and the reading behavior of L1 and L2 readers when they encounter unfamiliar words in texts.
Dietitians' and nutritionists' knowledge and views on aspects of health claims regulation in the UK: Do we inadvertently shoot the messenger?
Authors: Ruxton Carrie , Ashwell Margaret 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArticle 12(c) of the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation (NHCR) prohibits authorised health claims in consumer‐facing commercial communications which make reference to the recommendations of individual doctors or health professionals. However, this has been controversial amongst dietitians and nutritionists who work in commercial settings. Given the lack of empirical data, a survey was conducted amongst UK‐based nutrition professionals to assess their knowledge of, and attitudes to, Article 12(c). The findings revealed confusion about the scope of the regulation and how it applies to working practices, with a considerable proportion of respondents being unable to recognise examples of commercial communications or health claims, indicating a need for additional training. There was also a broad interpretation of what nutrition professionals could, and could not, say about a hypothetical food product. This paper explores current guidance in Great Britain and debates the proportionality and fairness of Article 12(c), which, at present, does not regulate authorised health claims made by influencers or celebrities in commercial communications to consumers. It could be argued that consumers are better protected by the articulation of health claims by nutrition professionals who are guided by codes of practice rather than by unqualified, unregulated individuals. Hence, it is essential to level the regulatory playing field either by revising the NHCR to amend Article 12(c) or by updating the guidance to apply an interpretation of the Article's intention which enables a broader role for nutrition professionals in commercial communications. Such action would also be consistent with the UK's better regulation agenda to ensure evidence‐based, proportionate regulation for industry.