bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of multidisciplinary heart teams, a survey-based heart team study
Authors: Imran Hamid Umar , Modine Thomas , Maessen Jos , van ‘t Hof Arnoud , Sondergaard Lars , Bleiziffer Sabine , Lancellotti Patrizio , Siepe Matthias , Sardari Nia Peyman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Multidisciplinary approach is well established in various disciplines, with evidence highlighting improved patient outcomes. The objective of this survey was to determine the real-world practice of heart teams across Europe.

METHODS
The survey was drafted after a consensus opinion from the authors. The survey was sent to cardiac surgeons and cardiologists identified through electronic search. The survey link and the information sheet were sent through email followed by survey completion reminders. The survey responses were cumulated and analysed.

RESULTS
Among 2188 invited clinicians, 220 clinicians from 26 countries took part in the survey (response rate 10%). The completion rate for the survey questions was 85%. A total of 140 (64%) were cardiac surgeons and 80 (36%) were cardiologists. The heart team meeting frequency was weekly according to 104 (55%) respondents. This was conducted face to face according to 139 (73%) of the responses. Eighty-seven (56%) of the respondents reported 10–20% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were discussed at the heart team meeting. Seventy-nine (47%) respondents had ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention institutional guidelines. Fifty-four (32%) respondents reported an audit process for the heart team decisions.

CONCLUSIONS
This survey suggests that there is marked variability in the infra-structure and execution of heart teams in different institutions. The results of the survey suggest a need to formulate guidelines on the composition and execution of heart teams which may result in an increase in transparency of decision-making within different institutions in reporting and comparing outcomes.
A second-order bulk–surface splitting for parabolic problems with dynamic boundary conditions
Authors: Altmann Robert , Zimmer Christoph 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach for the construction of bulk–surface splitting schemes for semilinear parabolic partial differential equations with dynamic boundary conditions. The proposed construction is based on a reformulation of the system as a partial differential–algebraic equation and the inclusion of certain delay terms for the decoupling. To obtain a fully discrete scheme, the splitting approach is combined with finite elements in space and a backward differentiation formula in time. Within this paper, we focus on the second-order case, resulting in a $3$-step scheme. We prove second-order convergence under the assumption of a weak CFL-type condition and confirm the theoretical findings by numerical experiments. Moreover, we illustrate the potential for higher-order splitting schemes numerically.
Race and gender intertwined: why intersecting identities matter for perceptions of incivility and content moderation on social media
Authors: Hawkins Ian , Roden Jessica , Attal Miriam , Aqel Haleemah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial media users often push back against harmful rhetoric with satirical and aggressive counterspeech. How do the interconnected race and gender identities of the person posting counterspeech and the person viewing it impact evaluations of the comment? Across two online experiments, we manipulate the race (Black or White) and gender (man or woman) of an individual whose tweet opposes ignorance about White privilege to examine if identity influences perceptions of incivility and intentions to flag the tweet for removal among Black and White men and women participants. Results demonstrate White men were most likely to find the tweet uncivil and report it, and this was especially the case when the tweet came from a Black woman, regardless of the tone. These studies highlight the importance of recognizing power and intersectionality in social media content moderation and creating policies that counteract the uniquely severe treatment of Black women by White men.
Adjunctive Diagnostic Studies Completed Following Detection of Candidemia in Children: Secondary Analysis of Observed Practice From a Multicenter Cohort Study Conducted by the Pediatric Fungal Network
Authors: Wattier Rachel L , Bucayu Robert F T , Boge Craig L K , Ross Rachael K , Yildirim Inci , Zaoutis Theoklis E , Palazzi Debra L , Vora Surabhi B , Castagnola Elio , Avilés-Robles Martha , Danziger-Isakov Lara , Tribble Alison C , Sharma Tanvi S , Arrieta Antonio C , Maron Gabriela , Berman David M , Yin Dwight E , Sung Lillian , Green Michael , Roilides Emmanuel , Belani Kiran , Romero José , Soler-Palacin Pere , López-Medina Eduardo , Nolt Dawn , Bin Hussain Ibrahim Zaid , Muller William J , Hauger Sarmistha B , Halasa Natasha , Dulek Daniel , Pong Alice , Gonzalez Blanca E , Abzug Mark J , Carlesse Fabianne , Huppler Anna R , Rajan Sujatha , Aftandilian Catherine , Ardura Monica I , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Hanisch Benjamin , Salvatore Christine M , Klingspor Lena , Knackstedt Elizabeth D , Lutsar Irja , Santolaya Maria E , Shuster Sydney , Johnson Sarah K , Steinbach William J , Fisher Brian T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Adjunctive diagnostic studies (aDS) are recommended to identify occult dissemination in patients with candidemia. Patterns of evaluation with aDS across pediatric settings are unknown.

Methods
Candidemia episodes were included in a secondary analysis of a multicenter comparative effectiveness study that prospectively enrolled participants age 120 days to 17 years with invasive candidiasis (predominantly candidemia) from 2014 to 2017. Ophthalmologic examination (OE), abdominal imaging (AbdImg), echocardiogram, neuroimaging, and lumbar puncture (LP) were performed per clinician discretion. Adjunctive diagnostic studies performance and positive results were determined per episode, within 30 days from candidemia onset. Associations of aDS performance with episode characteristics were evaluated via mixed-effects logistic regression.

Results
In 662 pediatric candidemia episodes, 490 (74%) underwent AbdImg, 450 (68%) OE, 426 (64%) echocardiogram, 160 (24%) neuroimaging, and 76 (11%) LP; performance of each aDS per episode varied across sites up to 16-fold. Longer durations of candidemia were associated with undergoing OE, AbdImg, and echocardiogram. Immunocompromised status (58% of episodes) was associated with undergoing AbdImg (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.38; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 1.51–3.74). Intensive care at candidemia onset (30% of episodes) was associated with undergoing echocardiogram (aOR 2.42; 95% CI 1.51–3.88). Among evaluated episodes, positive OE was reported in 15 (3%), AbdImg in 30 (6%), echocardiogram in 14 (3%), neuroimaging in 9 (6%), and LP in 3 (4%).

Conclusions
Our findings show heterogeneity in practice, with some clinicians performing aDS selectively, potentially influenced by clinical factors. The low frequency of positive results suggests that targeted application of aDS is warranted.
Multimission view of the low-luminosity ‘obscured’ phase of GRS 1915+105
Authors: Athulya M P , Nandi Anuj 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
GRS 1915+105 has been observed in an ‘obscured’ phase since 2019 May, exhibiting steady and low X-ray luminosities with sporadic re-brightenings. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive and wide-band analysis of the spectral and timing properties of the source during the period 2019–2021 using observations from AstroSat (SXT: 0.5–8 keV; LAXPC: 3–60 keV), the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) (0.5–12 keV), and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) (3–60 keV). Spectral analysis reveals the presence of a highly variable obscurer ($N_{\rm H_{\rm 1}}\sim$ 1022–1024 atoms cm−2) throughout the observation period. The source is detected in the low/hard state for most of the time, with the spectra being described by a Comptonized component (Γ ∼ 1.16–1.79, kTe ∼ 2–31 keV). The source spectra steepen (Γ ∼ 2.5), indicating a softening of the spectrum, during the rise of the re-brightenings. Various emission and absorption lines corresponding to the neutral Fe Kα, Fe xxv Kα, Fe xxvi Kα, and the Ni xxviii Kα were detected, with the equivalent widths varying in the range 70 eV–3.5 keV. The column density of the absorbing plasma varied in the range 1016–1018 atoms cm−2 at a distance ≤2 × 1010 cm. Interestingly, the source is also seen to exhibit various variability classes (ρ, λ, δ, χ) at relatively low luminosities (∼0.01 LEdd) during the re-brightening phases. Different variability classes show the signature of quasi-periodic oscillations (νQPO: 20–180 mHz, rmsQPO: 7.5 per cent–16 per cent). The source showed a maximum bolometric luminosity (Lbol) of ∼0.01 LEdd (re-brightening phases) and a minimum Lbol of 0.004 LEdd (quiet phase) during the period. We discuss the possible disc dynamics around the black hole during this low-luminosity ‘obscured’ phase.
Four additional natural 7-deazaguanine derivatives in phages and how to make them
Authors: Cui Liang , Balamkundu Seetharamsing , Liu Chuan-Fa , Ye Hong , Hourihan Jacob , Rausch Astrid , Hauß Christopher , Nilsson Emelie , Hoetzinger Matthias , Holmfeldt Karin , Zhang Weijia , Martinez-Alvarez Laura , Peng Xu , Tremblay Denise , Moineau Sylvain , Solonenko Natalie , Sullivan Matthew B , Lee Yan-Jiun , Mulholland Andrew , Weigele Peter R , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Dedon Peter C , Hutinet Geoffrey 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Bacteriophages and bacteria are engaged in a constant arms race, continually evolving new molecular tools to survive one another. To protect their genomic DNA from restriction enzymes, the most common bacterial defence systems, double-stranded DNA phages have evolved complex modifications that affect all four bases. This study focuses on modifications at position 7 of guanines. Eight derivatives of 7-deazaguanines were identified, including four previously unknown ones: 2′-deoxy-7-(methylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (mdPreQ1), 2′-deoxy-7-(formylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (fdPreQ1), 2′-deoxy-7-deazaguanine (dDG) and 2′-deoxy-7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine (dCDG). These modifications are inserted in DNA by a guanine transglycosylase named DpdA. Three subfamilies of DpdA had been previously characterized: bDpdA, DpdA1, and DpdA2. Two additional subfamilies were identified in this work: DpdA3, which allows for complete replacement of the guanines, and DpdA4, which is specific to archaeal viruses. Transglycosylases have now been identified in all phages and viruses carrying 7-deazaguanine modifications, indicating that the insertion of these modifications is a post-replication event. Three enzymes were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of these newly identified DNA modifications: 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine decarboxylase (DpdL), dPreQ1 formyltransferase (DpdN) and dPreQ1 methyltransferase (DpdM), which was experimentally validated and harbors a unique fold not previously observed for nucleic acid methylases.
What Is Cumulative Cultural Evolution?
Authors: Caldwell Christine A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Within the field of cultural evolution, particular attention has been devoted to the process of cumulative cultural evolution (CCE). Much of modern human behaviour is believed to be attributable to CCE. Despite common consensus over the importance of this topic, there are disparities in how the term has been defined and interpreted (and correspondingly the breadth of phenomena it is considered to encompass). Defined broadly, CCE refers to processes of cultural change involving alterations in cultural traits occurring over multiple episodes of social transmission, but there is variation in the additional criteria considered to be defining features. This chapter will highlight points of contention by examining some key borderline cases, which illustrate how the preferred definition of CCE impacts its presumed scope (e.g. whether it is restricted to humans). It is likely that differing motivations for interest in CCE underpin some of the differences in characterization of the process.
Cultural Evolution and Population Health Interventions
Authors: Alvergne Alexandra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Culture is often invoked as an explanation for disparities in health or as a barrier to success in population health interventions, yet the micro-level processes underpinning cultural inertia and cultural epidemics are rarely unpacked. By contrast, a cultural evolution framework breaks down ‘culture’ as a population of cultural variants and focuses on uncovering the social learning ‘strategies’ and individual motivations leading to behavioural variation and change. This chapter elaborates on how thinking evolutionarily can help understand the bi-directional relationship between behaviour and culture, thereby shedding light on the processes leading to the adoption, transmission, and maintenance of behaviour over time and across socio-ecological contexts. The chapter begins by introducing the concept of culture in epidemiology as well as contemporary evolutionary approaches to culture. It then considers how a cultural evolution framework can be deployed at various levels of interventions, from health-message framing and norms-based messaging to social network and communities-based interventions. Lastly, it offers an evaluation of how a cultural evolution framework can be harnessed to tackle public health challenges, including how to seed new healthy behaviour, how to spread behaviour beyond its initial uptake, and how to maintain behaviour in the face of changing ecologies. While cultural evolution (CE) studies of population health (PH) issues are currently limited, there is a large scope for CE and PH to mutually benefit from joining forces.
Autoantibodies against the melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5 in patients with dermatomyositis target the helicase domains
Authors: Van Gompel Eveline , Demirdal Deniz , Fernandes-Cerqueira Catia , Horuluoglu Begum , Galindo-Feria Angeles , Wigren Edvard , Gräslund Susanne , De Langhe Ellen , Benveniste Olivier , Notarnicola Antonella , Chemin Karine , Lundberg Ingrid E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical observations in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and autoantibodies against the melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5 (MDA5) suggest that the autoantibodies contribute to the pathogenesis of MDA5(+) DM. To gain insight into the role of the anti-MDA5 autoantibodies, we aimed to identify their binding sites on the different domains of the MDA5 protein.

Methods
We developed an in-house ELISA to assess the reactivity against the MDA5 domains (conformational epitopes) in plasma (n = 8) and serum (n = 24) samples from MDA5(+) patients with varying clinical manifestations and disease outcomes. The reactivities were also assessed using western blot (linearized epitopes). An ELISA-based depletion assay was developed to assess cross-reactivity among the different MDA5 domains.

Results
All eight plasma samples consistently showed reactivity towards conformational and linearized epitopes on the helicase domains of the MDA5 protein. The ELISA-based depletion assay suggests that anti-MDA5 autoantibodies specifically target each of the three helicase domains. Twenty-two of the 24 serum samples showed reactivity in the in-house ELISA and all 22 displayed reactivity towards the helicase domains of the MDA5 protein.

Conclusions
Our data revealed that the main immunogenic targets of anti-MDA5 autoantibodies from MDA5(+) patients are the helicase domains. Considering that the helicase domains are responsible for the enzymatic activity and subsequent triggering of an inflammatory response, our findings suggest that binding of anti-MDA5 autoantibodies could alter the canonical activity of the MDA5 protein and potentially affect the downstream induction of a pro-inflammatory cascade.
Pathogenetic associations of anti-ribosomal P protein antibody titres and their subclasses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kaneko Yoshikatsu , Sato Hiroe , Wakamatsu Ayako , Kobayashi Daisuke , Sato Kaho , Kurosawa Yoichi , Hasegawa Eriko , Nakatsue Takeshi , Kuroda Takeshi , Narita Ichiei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluated the association between anti-ribosomal P antibody (anti-RibP) titres and disease activity in Japanese SLE patients.

Methods
Eighty patients admitted and treated in Niigata University Hospital for new-onset or flare-up of SLE were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Clinical data were obtained from medical records at admission. The anti-RibP index, and cytokine and tryptophan metabolite levels were determined by ELISA.

Results
Of the 80 SLE patients, 30 had anti-RibP. Anti-RibP presence was associated with a greater prevalence of skin rash and more severe inflammatory responses, demonstrated by higher inflammatory cytokine levels, hypocomplementemia, and accelerated tryptophan metabolism, in younger patients. The serum anti-RibP index was correlated with age at diagnosis, clinical indicators, initial prednisolone dose, and cytokines and tryptophan metabolite levels in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that the anti-RibP index was independently associated with the initial prednisolone dose and the prevalence of skin rash. The anti-RibP IgGs were mainly the IgG2 and IgG3 subclasses, and anti-RibP IgG3 was associated with hypocomplementemia, higher DAS, accelerated kynurenine pathway activity, and higher proinflammatory cytokine production. The coexistence of anti-dsDNA IgG and anti-RibP IgG2 or IgG3 accompanied higher IL-10 and IFN-α2 levels; furthermore, anti-RibP IgG3 coexistence with anti-dsDNA antibody contributed to the requirement for higher initial prednisolone doses and accelerated kynurenine pathway activity.

Conclusion
Anti-RibP was associated with clinical manifestations and parameters in SLE, and its index might be a useful indicator of disease severity. Anti-RibP IgG3 was the IgG subclass most strongly associated with the pathogenesis of SLE.
Genetic architecture of well-being: cumulative effect of serotonergic polymorphisms
Authors: Fan Yuhe , Yang Yuting , Shi Lele , Zhao Wenping , Kong Feng , Gong Pingyuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Serotonin influences mental health and well-being. To understand the influences of genetic variations in serotonin pathway on well-being, we examined the effects of seven serotonergic polymorphisms on subjective well-being (i.e. affective balance and global life satisfaction) and psychological well-being (i.e. optimal psychological functions in the face of existential challenges) in a larger sample. Results indicated that the cumulative genetic score, but single genetic effects of serotonergic polymorphisms, was related to individual differences in well-being. Specifically, individuals with a greater cumulative genetic score, which is related to a low risk of depression, tended to exhibit high levels of subjective well-being and psychological well-being. These findings suggest that the overall serotoninergic genetic profile, rather than a specific genetic polymorphism, could greatly influence the individual differences in well-being.
For-Profit Businesses as Public Health Partners to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: McHugh Megan , Harris Alexandra , Maechling Claude R. , Holl Jane L. 
Published: August 2023

Objective
This study aimed to describe the actions used by health professionals employed by large, for-profit businesses to promote uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, and factors that facilitated and hindered coordination with local public health leaders.

Methods
In this qualitative multiple case study, we conducted telephone interviews with health professionals from businesses, health department leaders, and others who could provide information about local vaccination efforts (e.g., emergency managers, reporters).

Results
Businesses' self-interest (i.e., need to keep employees working), vaccine mandates, and characteristics of the businesses (e.g., ownership, expertise) facilitated leadership in COVID-19 vaccination efforts. Coordination with local health departments was influenced by the resources of the local health department and history of collaboration.

Conclusions
Health professionals employed by large businesses can serve as key public health partners, but their role is shaped by characteristics of the businesses and communities.
Stiffness anisotropy coordinates supracellular contractility driving long-range myotube-ECM alignment
Authors: Skillin Nathaniel P. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Herbert Katie M. , Nelson Benjamin R. , Hach Grace K. , Günay Kemal Arda , Khan Ryan M. , DelRio Frank W. , White Timothy J. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn skeletal muscle tissue, injury-related changes in stiffness activate muscle stem cells through mechanosensitive signaling pathways. Functional muscle tissue regeneration also requires the effective coordination of myoblast proliferation, migration, polarization, differentiation, and fusion across multiple length scales. Here, we demonstrate that substrate stiffness anisotropy coordinates contractility-driven collective cellular dynamics resulting in C2C12 myotube alignment over millimeter-scale distances. When cultured on mechanicallyanisotropicliquid crystalline polymer networks (LCNs) lacking topographic features that could confer contact guidance, C2C12 myoblasts collectively polarize in the stiffest direction of the substrate. Cellular coordination is amplified through reciprocal cell-ECM dynamics that emerge during fusion, driving global myotube-ECM ordering. Conversely, myotube alignment was restricted to small local domains with no directional preference on mechanicallyisotropicLCNs of same chemical formulation. These findings reveal a role for stiffness anisotropy in coordinating emergent collective cellular dynamics, with implications for understanding skeletal muscle tissue development and regeneration.
Non-ablative disease-modifying effects of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in neuromelanin-producing parkinsonian rodents
Authors: Compte Joan , Tible Marion , Cuadros Thais , Romero-Gimenez Jordi , Laguna Ariadna , Aubry Jean-François , Dumont Erik , Constans Charlotte , Tiennot Thomas , Santin Mathieu D. , Lehericy Stephane , Vila Miquel 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAge-dependent accumulation of the brain pigment neuromelanin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In humans, intracellular and extracellular neuromelanin levels are increased in PD postmortem brains and boosting neuromelanin production in rodents compromises neuronal function and viability and triggers a PD-like phenotype. Focused ultrasound has been shown to reduce ultraviolet light-induced skin hyperpigmentation in guinea pig and to remove brain extracellular β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s mouse models. Here we show that repeated application of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is able to decrease intracellular and extracellular neuromelanin levels in neuromelanin-producing parkinsonian rats, compared to sham-treated animals, without the need for any additional therapeutic agent or intervention. Reduced neuromelanin levels in tFUS-treated animals were associated with decreased Lewy-like pathology, preserved dopaminergic phenotype, attenuated nigrostriatal degeneration, reduced glial activation, and long-term recovery of motor function. Our findings indicate that tFUS treatment applied at prodromal/early disease stages provides by itself extended structural and functional preservation of the nigrostriatal pathway in neuromelanin-producing parkinsonian rats without causing overt neuronal damage. This FDA-approved technology should thus be explored further as a noninvasive method with neuroprotective potential in PD and to maintain neuromelanin to levels below its pathogenic threshold within the aging population.One Sentence SummaryTranscranial focused ultrasound reduces age-dependent neuromelanin accumulation and provides therapeutic benefit in parkinsonian rats