bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the use of visual elements in workplace diversity disclosure
Authors: Momin Mahmood , Chong Sabrina 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how visual elements along with textual narratives are used to disclose workplace diversity-related information in corporate social and environmental reports.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative content analysis is used to examine the workplace diversity-related information in the 2016 standalone sustainability/corporate responsibility reports of 47 Fortune companies. A total of 539 tables, figures and photographs and their related textual narratives are analysed through an impression management lens.

Findings
The study finds that multiple types of visual elements are used to supplement textual narratives to communicate workplace diversity-related messages. The positive and often non-verifiable workplace diversity-related information is symbolically suggestive of the companies’ workplace diversity commitment and success. While tables and figures are typically presented using numbers, percentages and words to enhance and promote the positive information, the “feel-good” photographs are used to arouse positive feelings in the readers. These visual elements are presented in either a single-visual or mixed-visual presentation form.

Practical implications
This study has the potential to inform and assist preparers in the use of multiple visual elements and textual narratives to promote an impartial and substantive reporting of workplace diversity-related information. Understanding the motivation behind the usage and presentation of visual elements can be useful for the promulgation of guidelines for workplace diversity disclosure, and make readers aware that the visual elements can be exploited for impression management and symbolic legitimacy.

Originality/value
This study provides empirical evidence on the use of multiple types of visual elements in the reporting of workplace diversity-related information. It demonstrates how these visual elements are strategically used and presented to deliver an impression of workplace diversity to the readers.
Effects of precipitated and ground calcium carbonate coating on mechanical properties of fluting paper
Authors: Çiçekler Mustafa , Üzüm Velican , Çopurkuyu Emrullah 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a pigment coating on the mechanical properties of fluting paper.

Design/methodology/approach
Two different calcium carbonate pigments were used in the preparation of the coated color, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC). Fluting paper produced by recycling waste paper was used as base paper. The effects of PCC and GCC pigments on mechanical properties were compared. Ring crush test (RCT), corrugating medium test (CMT), corrugating crush test (CCT), tensile and burst strength tests were applied to the coated papers, and the results were compared to the mechanical properties of base paper.

Findings
The tensile and burst indices of the coated papers were found to be higher than base papers about 13.9% and 6.05%, respectively. While the coating process positively affected the RCT and CCT values, it did not show a significant impact on the CMT values. GCC, one of the pigments used in coating colors, had a more effective effect on the mechanical properties of fluting papers compared to PCC.

Originality/value
These results suggest that coating of fluting papers has a positive effect on mechanical properties and the use of GCC as a pigment is more effective than PCC.
Airline brand image, passenger perceived value and loyalty towards full-service and low-cost carriers
Authors: Fu Yan-Kai 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the mediating and moderating processes that link airline brand image to passenger loyalty through perceived value.

Design/methodology/approach
The research participants were Taiwanese passengers with experience travelling abroad by air. Structural equation modelling and multigroup analysis were used to investigate the effect of airline brand image and perceived value on the loyalty of passengers using full-service and low-cost carriers.

Findings
For both airline types, airline brand image had a significant and positive effect on passenger perceived value. Perceived value had a significant and positive effect on passenger loyalty, perceived value was a crucial mediator and airline type was not a key moderator in the model.

Originality/value
In this study, focusing on the perspective of Taiwanese passengers, a conceptual model of the factors that lead to passenger loyalty, with a focus on brand image, was developed. This paper contributes to the literature and application field by examining the mediating effect of perceived value and the moderating role of airline type in the aviation industry; on the basis of the results, potential recovery strategies for airlines in the post-COVID-19 era are provided.
Association between the first exposure to general anesthesia and alopecia areata
Authors: Lee Heera , Choi Young Woong , Kim You Chan , Choi Jee Woong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune cutaneous disorder reported to be related to various immunologic diseases and psychiatric disorders. Some AA patients report the onset of patchy hair loss after surgeries under general anesthesia (GA). However, no large‐scale studies have been conducted on the relationship between AA and GA. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether exposure to GA is associated with an increased risk of AA. In this retrospective study, we analyzed a population exposed to GA. These individuals were compared to unexposed controls, matched by age, sex, income level, and comorbidities (propensity score matching, 1:2 ratio), from the national sample cohort from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2015. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the risk of AA associated with GA using Cox proportional hazard regression. As a result, the risk of AA occurrence was significantly higher in the GA‐exposed group after adjusting confounding factors (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.43, P = 0.005). The cumulative incidence of AA was higher in the GA‐exposed group (log‐rank P = 0.005). The risk of AA increased with GA exposure time. However, the type of surgery and the method of anesthesia did not impact the risk of developing AA. Thus, in conclusion, exposure to GA was associated with a higher risk of developing AA.
IL‐31 and IL‐31 receptor alpha in pemphigus: Contributors to more than just itch?
Authors: Okuno Satoshi , Hashimoto Takashi , Yamazaki Yuki , Okuzawa Manami , Satoh Takahiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disorder with four major subtypes: pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus vegetans (PVe), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), and pemphigus herpetiformis (PH). Among them, PF and PH present itching as a clinical feature; however, the mechanisms behind the pruritus are still unclear. In this report, we sought to investigate the expression of a type 2 inflammation‐related pruritogenic cytokine IL‐31 and its receptor subunit IL‐31RA through immunofluorescence staining analysis. The number of eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells, and the expression levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and periostin were also investigated. Evaluation showed an increase in the number of dermal IL‐31+ cells and IL‐31RA+ cells in PH and PVe. Epidermal expression of IL‐31RA increased in PV, PF, and PVe, but not in PH, compared to healthy individuals. The number of dermal eosinophils and basophils was also increased in PVe and PH. The number of dermal mast cells and expression levels of TSLP and periostin did not change among pemphigus subtypes and healthy controls. Collectively, enhanced IL‐31/IL‐31RA signaling and the increased numbers of dermal eosinophils and basophils may participate in itching in PH. On the other hand, IL‐31/IL‐31RA signaling seemed unable to provoke itching in PVe, a non‐pruritic subtype of pemphigus, although it might contribute to epidermal thickening and dermal fibrosis.
Gender targets and trickle‐down effects: Avoiding the ‘decoupling dynamics’ that limit female representation in senior roles
Authors: Gould Jill A. , Kulik Carol T. , Sardeshmukh Shruti R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWomen constitute the majority of the Australian public sector workforce, but their representation in senior roles is not proportional. Australian public services have gender targets to improve the representation of women in senior roles. Based on previous research, targets are expected to first increase female representation at the target's focal level, such as executive level. Then they should initiate a trickle‐down effect (TDE), increasing female representation at the level immediately below the target's focal level, such as the executive feeder level. However, the TDE observed in a state public service decelerated after a gender target was imposed. We identified whether individual departments had a consistent or inconsistent TDE and conducted 13 semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders. Too many service‐wide targets with low prioritisation of a gender target, as well as missing and ineffective practices, generated decoupling dynamics. Only departments with gender champions who had visible backing from the Chief Executive were able to keep the gender target coupled with practice to achieve its intended outcomes.Points for practitioners
Gender targets in Australian public services may not be achieving intended outcomes due to decoupling—a response to policies in which the policies are ignored and/or ineffective practices are implemented.
Too many competing targets and limited accountability for achieving a gender target create a potential for decoupling by allowing individuals and groups to ignore or weakly adopt the policy.
Integrated bundles of top‐down (e.g. requiring at least two women on shortlists) and bottom‐up practices (e.g. mentoring) can help avoid decoupling by ensuring women are appointed to senior roles and supported to progress through an organisation.
Chief Executives are key to ensuring a gender target remains coupled with its implementation; Chief Executives must provide visible support to internal champions to make gender targets effective.
Increasing livelihood vulnerabilities to coastal erosion and wastewater intrusion: The political ecology of Thai aquaculture in peri‐urban Bangkok
Authors: Marks Danny , Bayrak Mucahid Mustafa , Connell John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost livelihood research focuses on micro‐level decisions affecting occupations but fails to examine wider scale processes that shape markets, institutions, and thus livelihood choices. A political ecology framework can help address this gap by providing ways to analyse how multi‐scalar and extra‐local practices, policies, and discourses affect local‐level socio‐environmental outcomes. In the qualitative research reported here, that framework is applied to Tha Kam, a peri‐urban coastal sub‐district of Bangkok, where most residents are small‐scale aquaculture farmers. These farmers have experienced precipitous drops in incomes because of two major environmental changes: coastal erosion and wastewater intrusion. The causes are multiple and complex, and many originate not from practices within Tha Kham but from challenges present at a larger scale or that start upstream. The political and economic drivers of these problems stem from Thailand’s fragmented vertical and horizontal governance structure, unequal class relations in which smallholder farmers and peri‐urban residents are marginalised, and lack of accountability and representation. This combination of multi‐scalar factors and power imbalances has contributed to evolving injustices of peri‐urbanisation, all of which are profoundly geographical in their significance.
Quantification of phytochemicals, and compounds’ identification in functional tea from Ficus capensis and Justicia secunda
Authors: Uchegbu Nneka Nkechi , Fasuan Temitope Omolayo , Onuoha Nchekwube Love 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work evaluated the development of beverage from Ficus capensis and Justicia secunda leaves composite using response surface methodology three‐level factorial design gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry. Fresh leaves of F. capensis and J. secunda were processed into tea. The results indicated the optimal extracts blends of 48% of F. capensis and 52% of J. secunda. The iron content was 489.11 mg/g; flavonoid content, 83.64 mg QE/100 g; vitamin C content, 1003.14 mg/100 g; and pyridoxine content, 357.31 mg/100 g. Alkaloid profile showed tetrahydrorhombiofoline (35%), columbamine (20.10%), laudanosine (11.50%), salsoline (8.22%), methylcobalamin (7.98%), quinine (5.89%), and quinidine (3.21%). Other phytocompounds with bioactive characteristics include 11‐octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (32.43 g/100 g); hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (16.69 g/100 g); 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)‐, methyl ester (12.81 g/100 g); (E)‐9‐octadecenoic acid, ethyl ester (9.71 g/100 g); hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (5.86 g/100 g); methyl stearate (4.62); linoleic acid, ethyl ester (4.62 g/100 g), octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (1.84 g/100 g); and octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15‐hexadecamethyl (0.19 g/100 g) with good sensory attributes. The optimized tea from F. capensis and J. secunda is rich in health‐supporting substances and could be employed in promoting healthy living.
Change of stream network connectivity under polder‐type flood control measure
Authors: Gao Yuqin , Liu Yunping , Gao Li , Wu Ming , Intriago Gordillo Jhandre Ronald , Xue Zheng , Chen Shuning 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolder is usually used for flood control in the river delta area. With the rapid development of urbanization, the dikes or pumps cut the original stream network system, and the stream network connectivity (SNC) and the river system pattern have changed. The dikes or pumps generally force up the river's water level, and regional flood formation mechanisms and processes have changed. In order to quantitatively describe the characteristics of polder‐type flood control measure (PFCM) and the change law of SNC, firstly, the streams inside polders were generalized as virtual streams, a hydrological‐hydrodynamic model was constructed by connecting Hydrologic Engineering Center‐Hydrologic Modeling System and MIKE11 model. Secondly, an SNC evaluation model was constructed based on flow resistance and hydrological process. Finally, the SNC under different scenarios was simulated and evaluated to reveal the influence of the PFCM on SNC. And the dominance analysis method obtained the main control factors of SNC changes. The results showed that the pumps as the main drainage facility under the PFCM, SNC after the opening of the pumps were increased by 0.060, 0.103, and 0.311 for 50%, 30%, and 3% frequency flood scales compared with the pumps closed, respectively. However, compared with the natural stream (without the PFCM), the SNC decreased by 0.391, 0.456, and 0.487, respectively, at the same time of the same flood scale. The PFCM negatively impacted the SNC, and the number of pumps was the main control factor of the SNC.
Investigating the role of delayed contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate radiation necrosis from tumour recurrence in brain metastases after stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Admojo Lorenztino , Korte James , Anderson Nigel , Phillips Claire , Caspersz Lauren , Lasocki Arian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of radionecrosis (RN) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to brain metastases is increasing. An overlap in the conventional MRI appearances of RN and tumour recurrence (TR) is diagnostically challenging. Delayed contrast MRI compares contrast enhancement over two time periods to create treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs). We aim to assess the utility of TRAMs in brain metastases patients.MethodsDelayed contrast MRI scans were performed on ten brain metastases patients, previously treated with SRS, who developed equivocal lesion(s) on routine MRI follow‐up. T1‐weighted images were obtained five minutes and 60–75 min after contrast injection, followed by Brain Lab software analysis to create TRAMs. TRAMs patterns were then compared with the patient's clinical status, subsequent imaging, and histology results.ResultsWe identified three regions on TRAMs: central, peripheral, and surrounding. Each region could be described either as contrast accumulation (red colour and representing non‐tumour tissue) or contrast clearance (blue colour and representing tumour tissue). Our analysis demonstrated similarities in the TRAMs pattern between TR and RN, though to varying degrees.ConclusionIn conclusion, the TRAMs appearances of RN and TR overlap. Our findings suggest that the previously‐described correlation between contrast clearance and TR is at least partially attributable to more solid initial enhancement, rather than convincingly a difference in the underlying tissue properties, and the additional diagnostic value of TRAMs may be limited. Thus, further research on TRAMs is necessary prior to incorporating it into routine clinical management after SRS for brain metastases.
Intestinal morphometry and cell density features in tropical farmed fish: A methodological approach
Authors: Bellinate Bruna Karla Assad , Farias Karine Nathiele Nogueira , do Nascimento Silva André Luiz , Siqueira Mayara Schueroff , Povh Jayme Aparecido , Franco‐Belussi Lilian , Fernandes Carlos Eurico 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe digestive tract of fish has many morphological adaptations related to habitat and nutrition. Intestinal biometry may reflect these adaptations. Here, we aimed to describe histometric patterns in farmed fish and their relationship with feeding by using a standardized protocol considering cell density by tissue area. Five juvenile specimens of each species (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Piaractus mesopotamicus, and Oreochromis niloticus) were used. O. niloticus possessed higher intestinal weight and length besides higher intestinal quotient and intestinal somatic index than the other species. The general histological composition was similar between species. However, P. corruscans showed differences in thickness between the anterior and posterior segments. O. niloticus had thinner serosa and muscularis layers than the other species. The cell density was distinct in both species and segments. Comparing the intestinal segments, O. niloticus displayed the lowest count of granulocytes. Goblet cell density was lower in P. mesopotamicus in all segments. However, the volume of these cells was higher in the anterior and middle anterior segments. Our data demonstrated that intestinal structural plasticity is associated with the difference in feeding habits. Here, we used quantitative standardized histometric criteria to understand the morphophysiological diversity of the fish digestive tract, and this technique can be applied in future studies to evaluate changes in the digestive tracts of vertebrates.
“Addressing the core trait of bipolar disorder”: A concept analysis of mood‐stabilizing drugs
Authors: Marchionatti Lauro Estivalete , Blaya‐Rocha Paula , Magalhães Pedro VS 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe term “mood stabilizer” is controversial in the literature and criticized for being imprecise and overly inclusive, having its retirement suggested to avoid misuse. Nevertheless, it continues to be employed as it may still carry important meaning.MethodsWe employed document analysis for reviewing relevant definitions of mood stabilizer employed in the literature. Then, we clarify the meanings associated with the term by employing evolutionary concept analysis. Based on its results, we present a theoretical model for a mood stabilizer and further match it with evidence gathered from published meta‐analyses and other sources for drugs used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.ResultsConcept analysis unearthed four attributes of a mood stabilizer that were nested into the following ascending hierarchy: “not worsening,” “acute effects,” “prophylactic effects,” and “advanced effects.” “Prophylactic effects” were often considered the core aspect of a legitimate mood stabilizer.ConclusionThe proposed model uses a hierarchy of attributes that take into account the complexity of the term and help to determine whether a drug is a mood stabilizer. Prophylaxis is pivotal to the concept, whose utility lies in implying a drug able to truly treat bipolar disorder, as opposed to merely targeting symptoms. Consistent use of the term could encourage investigation of drugs that modify long‐term outcomes and illness trajectory, instead of simply approaching symptom clusters.
Quality of laboratory biomarker monitoring during treatment with lithium in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Bosi Alessandro , Ceriani Laura , Elinder Carl‐Gustaf , Bellocco Rino , Clase Catherine M. , Landen Mikael , Carrero Juan‐Jesus , Runesson Björn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinical guidelines recommend monitoring of creatinine and lithium throughout treatment with lithium. We here assessed the extent to which this occurs in healthcare in Sweden.MethodsThis is an observational study of all adults with bipolar disorder starting lithium therapy in Stockholm, Sweden, during 2007–2018. The main outcome was monitoring of blood lithium and creatinine at therapy initiation and/or once annually. The secondary outcome was monitoring of calcium and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). Patients were followed up until therapy cessation, death, out‐migration, or to the end of 2018.ResultsWe identified 4428 adults with bipolar disorder who started lithium therapy and were followed up for up to 11 years. Their median age was 39 years, and 63% were women. The median duration on lithium therapy was 4.3 (IQR: 1.9–7.45) years, and the majority who discontinued therapy started another mood stabilizer soon after. Overall, 21% started lithium therapy without assessing the serum/plasma concentration of creatinine. The proportion of people who did not have both lithium and creatinine measured increased from 21% in the first year to 33% in the eleventh year. The proportion with annual testing for TSH or calcium was slightly lower. As few as 16% of patients had both lithium and creatinine tested once annually during their complete time on lithium.ConclusionsIn a Swedish community sample, lithium and creatinine monitoring was inconsistent with guideline recommendations that call for measurement of annual biomarker levels.
Gut microbiome in allogeneic HCT survivors: The insults are gone but the damage lingers
Authors: van Lier Yannouck , Hazenberg Mette D. 
Published: January 2023

The gut microbiome is an important regulator of health and disease. The report by Hino et al. suggests that damage to the microbiome, inflicted before and soon after allogeneic haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, does not heal by itself, most likely with consequences for late transplantation outcomes.Commentary on: Hino et al. Prolonged gut microbial alterations in post‐transplant survivors of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2023;200:725‐737.
Plant–treehopper convergence may trick butterflies into trophic oviposition mistakes
Authors: Lima Luan Dias , Ceballos‐González Amalia Victoria , Prato Amanda , Kaminski Lucas Augusto , do Nascimento Fábio Santos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOur research aimed to compare the chemical cues of treehoppers and host plants in two rare cases of herbivorous myrmecophilous butterflies laying eggs on treehoppers. Our hypothesis that the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of the treehoppers would resemble those of their host plants was confirmed.