bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERVENTION EFFECT AND DOSE-DEPENDENT RESPONSE OF TANREQING INJECTION ON AIRWAY MUCUS HYPERSECRETION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED RATS
Authors: Dong Shou-jin , Zhong Yun-qing , Lu Wen-ting , Yang Kun , Liu Mao-juan , Xiong Xiao-ling , Mao Bing 
Published: June 2023

Background: Tanreqing injection, a Chinese herbal formulation comprising Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Forsythiae, Flos Lonicerae, Antelope horn, and Bear bile powder, has been used to treat bronchitis and pneumonia for many years in China. However, its anti-mucus-hypersecretion mechanism has yet not been fully interpreted. We aim to assess the effect and dose-response relationships of Tanreqing injection on lipopolysacchaide (LPS) induced airway mucus hypersecretion in rats.
Material and methods: Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into four groups (12 per group). A rat model of airway mucus hypersecretion was generated with LPS. Tanreqing injection was given by intratracheal instillation, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the right lung was collected. BALF total protein was determined by bicinchoninic acid disodium assay (BCA). Muc5ac was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. The expression of muc5ac mRNA was detected by real-time polyermase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The middle lobe of the right lung was stained with alcian blue-periodic acid sthiff (AB-PAS) and positive staining relative shading area examined.
Results: LPS caused airway mucus hypersecretion, The LPS-induced airway mucus hypersecretion increased beginning at 24 hr, and peaked at 96 hr. Tanreqing injection could inhibit airway mucus hypersecretion, and suppress the expression of muc5ac mRNA.
Conclusion: Tanreqing injection inhibits airway mucus hypersecretion in a certain dose-dependent trend.
ASTRAGALOSIDE III FROM ASTRAGALUS MEMBRANACEUS ANTAGONIZES BREAST CANCER GROWTH
Authors: Wang Shouman , Tang Lili , Chen Feiyu 
Published: June 2023

Background: Astragaloside III has been used to treat different cancers; however their effect on breast cancer remains unknown.
Materials and methods: The present study examined the effects of Astragaloside III from Astragalus membranaceus on breast cancer cell lines in vitro as well as xenograft in vivo.
Results: The results showed that the Astragaloside III could effectively reduce cancer cell survival in vitro and inhibit the tumor growth in vivo. The potential mechanism is the induction of cell apoptosis signaling pathways.
Conclusion: We believe that Astragaloside III provides a new therapeutic tool to treat breast cancer.
ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF COPTIDIS RHIZOMA EXTRACT AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS
Authors: Yang Yi , Ning Yumei , Zhu Xiuzhi , Li Ruilan , Ye Huijun , Zhao Lei , Jin Lihua , Zhou Xiaomei 
Published: June 2023

Background: Rhizoma Coptidis has been used as antibiotics in traditional Chinese medicine practice for many years. Here, we examined the effect
of Rhizoma Coptidis extract on the growth of C. albicans.
Materials and Methods: The antifungal effects of Coptidis Rhizoma extract was examined by time-kill assay, transmission electron microscope
(TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. The anti-inflammatory effect of the Rhizoma Coptidis extract was examined in mouse
model of Candida vaginitis.
Results: We found that the MIC of Coptidis Rhizoma extract was 3.125 mg/mL. The time-kill assay suggested that Rhizoma Coptidis extract could
inhibit the growth of C. albicans. The SEM and TEM observations showed notable changes of cell wall and cytoplasmic content of the C. albicans
and complete collapse of yeast cell exposed to Rhizoma Coptidis extract. Our in vivo antifungal activity studies in mouse model of Candidal vaginitis
showed the reduction of inflammatory reaction was found after Rhizoma Coptidis extract treatment. In addition, the COX-2 expression was decreased
in mice treated with Coptidis Rhizoma extract as compared with the control mice.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that Coptidis Rhizoma extract is a promising candidate in candidal vaginitis treatment in the future.
VALIDATION OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL USE AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OF A DECOCTION FROM ANNONA MURICATA LEAVES
Authors: Quilez A. M. , La Paz S. Montserrat-de , Puerta R. De la , FernÃ¡ndez-Arche M. A. , GarcÃ­a-GimÃ©nez M. D. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Through this work we evaluated the potential of the aqueous extract of Annona muricata L. leaves (AMAEL) to treat inflammatory conditions. The use of decoction or infusion of this important medicinal resource is still not scientifically validated. Methods: Different doses of AMAEL were assayed in carrageenan-induced inflammation and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced edema in mice, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in inflamed tissue, MPO released by A-23187-stimulated rat neutrophils and nitric oxide released by murine macrophages. Acute oral toxicity and cell viability of murine macrophages were also tested.
Results: A single dose of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of AMAEL did not show any symptoms associated with toxicity in vivo and the viability of murine macrophages was of 100% at the assayed doses. AMAEL at 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg exerted a significant edema reduction in the carrageenan inflammation model (26.82±0.02%, p
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF EXTRACTS OF TEN MEDICINAL PLANTS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Attanayake Anoja Priyadarshani , Jayatilaka Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana , Pathirana Chitra , Mudduwa Lakmini Kumari Boralugoda 
Published: June 2023

Background: Over the last decade, extensive research work has focused on the potential health benefits of antioxidants while many medicinal plant extracts have been evaluated for their antioxidant profile. Medicinal plants selected for this study are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Sri Lanka some of which are recommended as dietary supplements to the existing therapies. The present study aimed at determining the total polyphenol contents and total antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of 10 selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants by three in vitro methods;
Materials and Methods: DPPH(2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing power) and NO (nitric oxide) assays. The aqueous plant extracts were tested at the concentration of 0.05 g/mL. The total polyphenol content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method while the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, FRAP and NO assays with L-ascorbic acid as reference compound.
Results: The total polyphenol content of the plant extracts varied from 0.41 to 13.00 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) per gram dry weight. The antioxidant activities ranged in IC50 of 36.89-101.27 µg/mL, IC50 of 139.56-419.93 µg/mL, 0.12-8.98 µM for DPPH, NO, FRAP assays, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids and flavonoids in the plant materials which also possessed in vitro antioxidant potentials. Polyphenolic compounds contribute significantly to the total antioxidant capacities of medicinal plant extracts.
LAMIUM ALBUM OR URTICA DIOICA? WHICH IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN DECREASING SERUM GLUCOSE, LIPID AND HEPATIC ENZYMES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Mehran Mohammad Mohseni , Norasfard Mohammad R. , Abedinazade Mahmood , Khanaki Korosh 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus, the most common endocrine disorder, is defined by hyperglycaemia. Urtica dioica or stinging nettle is known to
have antidiabetic effects. Lamium album or non stinging nettle is shown to have some beneficial effects such as antioxidant, and cytoprotective
properties. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of hydroalchoholic extract of L. album and U. dioica on serum glucose, lipids
and hepatic enzymes level in sterptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups; normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with U. dioica
(100 mg/kg/daily), diabetic treated with L. album (100 mg/kg/daily) for 28 days. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), alanin
trasaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were measured.
Results: U. dioica and L. album extracts caused significant decrease (p
PROKINETIC AND LAXATIVE EFFECTS OF XIAO'ER QIXINGCHA, A HOUSEHOLD PEDIATRIC HERBAL FORMULA
Authors: Wang Xiu-Fen , Huang Xiao-Dan , Zhao Xiao-Ning , Xie Jian-Hui , Su Ji-Yan , Mo Zhi-Zhun , Su Zi-Ren , Zhang Xiao-Jun , Chen Wei-ping 
Published: June 2023

Background: Xiao'er Qixingcha, a household Chinese Medicinal formula, has been extensively applied in pediatric clinic for dyspepsia and constipation for hundreds of years. The present study firstly inspected whether the extract of Xiao'er Qixingcha (EXQ) has in vivo and in vitro prokinetic and laxative effects, and evaluated its acute toxicity.
Materials and methods: In the in vivo study, small intestinal transit rates and fecal output characters (number and fecal weight) were measured on normal and two models of constipated mice (induced by diphenoxylate and by water-fasting respectively). In the in vivo study, the contraction rates of ileum smooth muscle were examined with EXQ treatment. Moreover, in acute toxicity study, EXQ was administered orally for 14 days to juvenile SD rats, and clinical signs, viscera lesion and body weight were monitored daily.
Results: EXQ at all doses significantly increased the small intestinal transit rates, and ameliorated the fecal output characters of normal mice. In diphenoxylate-induced constipated mice, EXQ dose-dependently improved the small intestinal transit rates and fecal output. In water-fasting-induced constipated mice, EXQ dose-dependently improved the small intestinal transit rates, and significantly ameliorated the fecal output characters at 2.92 and 6.75 g/kg. Furthermore, in the in vitro study, EXQ dose-dependently raised the contraction rates of the isolated rabbit ileum smooth muscle. Finally, the acute toxicity study indicated that no toxicological effect was observed in terms of clinical signs, viscera lesion or change of body weight.
Conclusions: Taken together, EXQ exhibited prominent prokinetic and laxative activities, promising it as a safe and effective alternative pharmaceutical therapy for constipation.
HOW DOES TRADITIONAL HOME-GARDENS SUPPORT ETHNOMEDICINAL VALUES IN KUMAUN HIMALAYAN BHABHAR BELT, INDIA?
Authors: Padalia Kirtika , Bargali Kiran , Bargali Surendra Singh 
Published: June 2023

Background: Medicine is one of the four basic needs of human being fulfilled by the plant up to a large extent. Herbal remedies have been an
integrated part of healing and are considered to be the oldest form of healthcare known to mankind on this earth.
Materials and methods: An ethno botanical survey has been conducted using semi structured interview schedule with the villagers, in agro forestry
system to identify the traditionally used plants.
Results: A total of 60 medicinal plants belonging to the 33 families were found to be used for the treatment of diseases. Out of 33 families,
Cucurbitaceae contributed maximum 06 genera followed by Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae and Apiaceae. The documented plants were listed as
32 herbs, 06 shrubs, 15 trees and 07climbers. Different parts of investigated plants such as leaves (34%), fruits (19%), bark (only 2%) etc. were
useful to cure the 10 different categories of ailments. In this study, about 70% of the medicines were prepared by fresh plant parts. The mode of
application of herbal medicines was oral (53.33%), dermal (10%) and rest (36.66%) taken both by oral and dermal.
Conclusions: Indigenous people still believe in traditional system of medicine and prefer it in search of primary health care. Such plants may be used
in the formulation of new drugs. The agroforestry system supports the ethno-botanical values in a very extensive way. It is one of the best known
traditional practices to cure and prevent the diseases from the very beginning of civilization, other than to full fill the daily requirement of food,
fodder and timber production. The remedies obtained from the agroforestry and home gardens system are comparatively cheaper, pure, have no side
effects and easily available. Therefore, it deals with those communities whom have the limited access to mainstream medicine. Agroforestry provides
the alternative source of remedies and growing space for medicinal plant. Hence, there is a great a need to cultivate and conserve such plants and at
the same time, there is an immediate need of indigenous practices, knowledge of such plant resources, and documentation.
THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME PLANT DERIVED TRITERPENES
Authors: Penduka D. , Gasa N.P , Hlongwane M.S , Mosa R.A , Osunsanmi F.O. , A.R. Opoku 
Published: June 2023

Background: The increase in the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has necessitated the search for new antimicrobials from alternative
sources such as traditional medicinal plants.
Materials and Methods: The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the susceptibilities of four plant derived triterpenes namely,
3β-hydroxylanosta-9, 24-dien-21-oic acid (RA5), and methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9, 24-dien-21oate (RA3), a mixture of oleanolic acid and betulinic
acid (SF1) and a mixture of 3β-acetonyloleanolic acid and 3β-acetonylbetulinic acid (SF2), at a concentration of 10 mg/ml against seven Escherichia
coli, one Bacillus cereus, five Enterococcus and nine Vibrio bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC) were determined through the micro-broth dilution assay. The checkerboard method was used to determine the antibiotictriterpene
interactions while the cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase test was used to determine the membrane damaging potentials of the triterpenes in
comparison to 3% Triton X-100.
Results: The triterpenes RA3, RA5, SF1 and SF2 had activities against 86.4%, 54.6%, 22.7% and 9.09% of the test bacteria respectively. SF1 had
the lowest MIC values ranging 0.625-10 mg/ml with lower MIC values being noted against Gram negative bacteria in comparison to Gram positive
bacteria; this trend was also noted among the activities of RA3 and RA5 although they had higher MIC value ranges of 1.25-10 mg/ml and 5- 10
mg/ml respectively. MBC studies proved the triterpenes to be mostly bacteriostatic. The interaction studies with ciprofloxacin were mainly ranging
between indifference and antagonism. RA3 alone showed minimal membrane damaging potential with the levels of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase
released ranging from 1-36% in comparison to 3%Triton X-100 against E.coli (DSM-8695) and V. vulnificus (AL 042).
Conclusion: The results hereby show the potential that the test triterpenes have as antibacterial agents, especially against the Gram negative bacteria
namely E. coli and Vibrio bacteria
Concussion Education for Athletes
Authors: Abbott Alexandra , Ramos Tolulope , Smith Wyatt A.R , Ierulli Victoria K. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: June 2023

» Educational programs on concussion have been demonstrated to improve knowledge for athletes, families, athletic trainers, and coaches about concussion, with the goal of reducing concussion incidence, duration, severity, and complications.» Despite the widespread availability and often mandatory concussion education provided to high school and collegiate athletes, there has not been an adequate change in knowledge, attitudes, and self-reporting behavior in this population.» Recently published studies suggest improving concussion education by emphasizing athletes' symptom reporting behavior, to contrast with current emphasis on knowledge-based outcomes.» Future educational programs about concussions for athletes, families, athletic trainers, and coaches should aim to emphasize cultural and behavioral changes that demonstrate outcome changes rather than solely evaluating knowledge improvements to determine effective programming.
Experimental Study of the Process of Interaction of Hydrogen with Igneous Melts in the Conditions of the Earth’s Crust
Authors: Persikov E.S. , Bukhtiyarov P.G. , Aranovich L.Ya. , Shaposhnikova O.Yu. , Nekrasov A.N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
—We report new experimental data on the interaction of igneous melts with hydrogen at temperatures of 1100–1250 °C and hydrogen pressures of 1–100 MPa in strongly reducing conditions: fO2=10−12−10−14. The experiments were conducted using an original high-gas-pressure unit equipped with a unique device that provides long-term experiments at high temperatures and pressures of hydrogen. The experiments used natural samples of igneous rocks: the magnesian basalt of the Northern Breakthrough of the Tolbachik Volcano (Kamchatka) and the andesite of the Avacha Volcano (Kamchatka). On the basis of the experiments, the following features of the process of interaction of hydrogen with igneous melts have been established: (1) Despite the high reduction potential of the H2–igneous melt system, the reactions of hydrogen oxidation and complete reduction of oxides of metals of variable valence in the melt do not go to the end. The cessation of redox reactions in basaltic and andesitic melts is due to the formation of H2O in the melt, which buffers the reduction potential of hydrogen; (2) The initially homogeneous igneous melt becomes heterogeneous: The formed H2O dissolves in the melt and in the fluid phase (at first pure hydrogen), and melts of variable, more acidic composition and small metallic isolations of the liquation structure are formed; (3) The complex process of metal–silicate liquation in magmatic melts when they interact with hydrogen can be carried out at real magma temperatures in nature (≤1200 °C), significantly lower than the corresponding melting points of iron and its alloys with nickel and cobalt; (4) The structure and dimensions of the experimentally established metal isolations are consistent with natural data on the finds of small quantities of native metals, primarily iron and its alloys with nickel and cobalt, in igneous rocks of different compositions and genesis.
Single-RNA-level analysis of full-length HIV-1 RNAs reveals functional redundancy of m6As
Authors: Baek Alice , Lee Ga-Eun , Golconda Sarah , Rayhan Asif , Manganaris Anastasios , Chen Shuliang , Tirumuru Nagaraja , Yu Hannah , Kim Shihyoung , Kimmel Christopher , Zablocki Olivier , Sullivan Matthew , Addepalli Balasubrahmanyam , Wu Li , Kim Sanggu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
HIV-1 exploits every aspect of RNA, a versatile macromolecule that undergoes various post-transcriptional modifications, to maximize its replication. Although the importance of chemical modifications on RNA has been recognized, their evolutionary benefits and precise roles in HIV-1 replication remain unclear. Most studies have provided only population-averaged values of modifications for fragmented RNAs at low resolution and have relied on indirect analyses of the phenotypic effects of perturbing host effectors, neglecting site-specificity and intra-RNA heterogeneity1–9. Here, we developed a new RNA-library-preparation method for full-length direct RNA sequencing and analyzed HIV-1-specific modifications at the single-RNA level. Our analysis revealed that the HIV-1 modification landscape is unexpectedly simple, showing three predominant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications near the 3' end. More densely installed in viral mRNAs than in genomic RNAs, these m6As play a crucial role in maintaining normal levels of RNA splicing and translation. We also discovered that HIV-1 generates diverse RNA subspecies with distinct ensembles of the m6As and that these m6As regulate splicing independently of each other. Our single-RNA-level study demonstrates that HIV-1 tolerates functionally redundant m6As to provide stability and resilience to viral replication while minimizing the risk of unpredictable mutagenesis – a novel RNA-level strategy similar to bet-hedging in evolutionary biology.
Exploring the role of neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle miR-93 and interoception in major depressive disorder
Authors: Burrows Kaiping , Figueroa-Hall Leandra , Stewart Jennifer , Alarbi Ahlam , Kuplicki Rayus , Hannafon Bethany , Tan Chibing , Risbrough Victoria , McKinney Brett , Ramesh Rajagopal , Victor Teresa , Aupperle Robin , Savitz Jonathan , Teague Kent , Khalsa Sahib , Paulus Martin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive processing dysfunctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. This study combined brain Neuronal-Enriched Extracellular Vesicle (NEEV) technology and serum markers of inflammation and metabolism with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify the contribution of gene regulatory pathways, in particular micro-RNA (miR) 93, to interoceptive dysfunction in MDD. Individuals with MDD (n = 44) and healthy comparisons (HC; n = 35) provided blood samples and completed an interoceptive attention task during fMRI. EVs were separated from plasma using a precipitation method. NEEVs were enriched by magnetic streptavidin bead immunocapture utilizing a neural adhesion marker (CD171) biotinylated antibody. NEEV specificities were confirmed by flow cytometry, western blot, particle size analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. NEEV small RNAs were purified and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) MDD exhibited lower NEEV miR-93 expression than HC; (2) within MDD but not HC, those individuals with the lowest NEEV miR-93 expression had the highest serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and leptin; and (3) within HC but not MDD, those participants with the highest miR-93 expression showed the strongest bilateral dorsal mid-insula activation. Since miR-93 is regulated by stress and affects epigenetic modulation by chromatin re-organization, these results suggest that healthy individuals but not MDD participants show an adaptive epigenetic regulation of insular function during interoceptive processing. Future investigations will need to delineate how specific internal and external environmental conditions contribute to miR-93 expression in MDD and what molecular mechanisms alter brain responsivity to body-relevant signals.