bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Feeding Fresh or Frozen Breast Milk on the Gut Microbiota of Premature Infants: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Merter Özlem Selime , Altay Naime 
Published: August 2023

Background Breast milk is essential for premature infants. It contains a variety of functional and protective nutrients that help to create a suitable microenvironment for intestinal development and maturation. This prospective and observational study was planned to examine the effects of feeding premature infants with fresh or frozen breastmilk on their gut microbiota. Materials and Methods The study was carried out with a total of 40 infants, with a gestational age of 28–326 weeks, fed fresh ( n = 20) or frozen ( n = 20) breastmilk. Stool samples were stored at −80°C until analysis. Infants were included in groups based on the feed type, which accounted for more than 70% of their 10-day feeding. The Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and t-tests were used to evaluate the demographic data. Stool samples were analyzed by sequencing the V3–-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from the extracted DNA for microbiota analysis. Results Streptococcus and Enterobacteriales, the majority of which are considered human pathogens, in infants receiving frozen breastmilk ( Streptococcus 69%, Enterobacteriales 79%) was higher than that in infants receiving fresh breastmilk ( Streptococcus 16%, Enterobacteriales 49%). Further, the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species were more abundant in infants who received fresh breastmilk ( Lactobacillus 17%, Bifidobacterium 12%) than in infants who received frozen breastmilk ( Lactobacillus 3%, Bifidobacterium 1%). Conclusion Thus, compared to frozen breast milk, fresh breastmilk has an effect on the diversity of preterm infants’ gut microbiota.
Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Public Hospitals of the Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia: A Multicenter Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Roble Abdurahman Kedir , Gundappa Raghu , Sheik Abdirahman Fahima , Abdi Abdurehman Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Background: Pregnancy outcomes that differ from normal live births are known as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adverse pregnancy outcomes also have significant effects on the infant’s family and society. There is limited data on adverse outcomes in eastern Ethiopia, particularly in the Somali region. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the determinants of adverse birth outcomes in the Somali Region Hospitals. Design: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted to conduct this study. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted between June and July 2021 in pregnant women who attended public hospitals in the Somali region. A total of 327 (109 cases and 218 controls) participants were included in this study. Women who gave birth with at least 1 adverse birth outcome were considered cases, and those who gave birth with normal birth outcomes were considered controls. Cases were recruited consecutively, and controls were selected using systematic sampling methods. Data was gathered using interviews, record reviews, using the pretested standard tools. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Multivariable regression analysis with an adjusted odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval was used to identify the factors associated with adverse birth outcomes. Finally, P-values less than .05 were used to identify significantly associated predictors. Results: In the current study, rural residency [AOR = 2.80; 95%CI:(1.61-4.87)] lack of ANC follow-up [AOR = 3.27; 95%CI: (1.77-6.02)], pregnancy-induced hypertension [AOR = 3.28; 95%CI: (1.74-6.17)] being anemic mothers [AOR = 3.51; 95%CI: (2.02-6.07)] and khat chewing [AOR = 4.54; 95%CI: (2.12-9.70)] were identified as determinants of adverse birth outcome. Conclusions: In the current study, rural residency, lack of ANC, being anemic in indexed pregnancies, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and khat chewing were determinants of adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, efforts should be made to enhance ANC follow-up, iron and folic acid supplementation, early treatments of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and information on the risk of chewing khat.
Active surveillance of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Cherian Naveena Mary , Durai Dravya Anna , Jaisel Muhammed , Sharma Divyansh , Sebastian Juny , Basavaraja Chetak Kadabasal , Mathew Merrin 
Published: August 2023

Background: Vaccination is a safe and effective way to prevent disease and save lives, but it may also produce some undesirable adverse events (AEs)which may affect healthy individuals. Therefore, the monitoring of AE following immunization (AEFIs) is necessary. The objective of this study was to assess the AEs following COVID-19 vaccinations in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: The study was conducted as active vaccine safety surveillance for a period of 6 months among the COVID-19 vaccine beneficiaries of the study site. Active surveillance was conducted via initiating two telephone contacts. The first surveillance was conducted in 8 days and the second surveillance after 28 days of post-vaccination. All identified AEs following immunizations (AEFIs) were reported and analysed by the AEFI investigation team at the study site. The causality assessment of each identified AEFI was performed using the World Health Organization’s causality assessment algorithm. Results: A total of 2927 enrolled study population completed the study with a response rate of 80.85%. The study identified 902 AEFIs from 614 study populations with an incidence rate of 20.97%. Of which 794 and 79 AEFIs were associated with COVISHIELD™ and COVAXIN®, respectively. The majority of the events were reported among the age group of 18–29 years. Overall, only three events were serious and no deaths were reported among the study population. A total of 75.59% of events had a consistent causal association with vaccination and were categorized as vaccine product-related reactions. The study identified various factors such as gender ( p = 0.019), age ( p < 0.05), co-morbid status ( p = 0.032) and dose number ( p = 0.001) as potential predictors for development of AEFI. Conclusion: The study identified only 0.33% of events as serious, and 99.67% of the study population recovered from the AEFIs, which reveals that COVISHIELD™ and COVAXIN® have a generally favourable safety profile. However, close monitoring is required to identify the potential signals, as the safety data from the clinical trials are limited.
Are Lateral Ankle Ligament Banding Patterns and Band Thickness Symmetrical Between Contralateral Uninjured Limbs?
Authors: Fenech Michelle 
Published: August 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the number and thickness of ligament bands of lateral ankle ligaments are symmetrical between contralateral uninjured ankles of the same healthy person, using sonography. Materials and Methods: The ligaments investigated include the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL). The influence of age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, and hours of physical exercise on uninjured ankle ligament band thickness was also explored. The lateral ankle ligaments of both limbs of 27 physically active adults (18–50 years of age) were sonographically imaged in short and long-axis planes to determine the number of bands and measure each band thickness. The ligament banding and ankle ligament band thickness was compared between contralateral uninjured limbs. Results: Bilateral symmetry of the number of ATFL, CFL, and AITFL bands was consistently identified between right and left uninjured limbs using short-axis sonographic imaging. No significant difference ( P > .05) in ankle ligament band thickness (acquired from long-axis images of ligament bands) between uninjured contralateral limbs was identified. Conclusion: The current sonographic practice of comparison of ankle ligament morphology and thickness between uninjured and injured limbs of the same person following an acute ankle injury to aid diagnosis of injury would appear justified.
Severe hypocalcemia after denosumab treatment leading to refractory ventricular tachycardia and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: a case report
Authors: Okuno Fumito , Ito-Masui Asami , Hane Atsuya , Maeyama Keiko , Ikejiri Kaoru , Ishikura Ken , Yanagisawa Masashi , Dohi Kaoru , Suzuki Kei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere hypocalcemia may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. Denosumab is an effective treatment for osteoporosis that allows long intervals between doses. However, there is a risk of hypocalcemia in some patients. Due to the long half-life of denosumab, emergency physicians caring for patients presenting with symptoms of hypocalcemia may not be aware of the medication, and adverse effects may last longer.Case presentationA 55-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and anxiety disorder called for an ambulance for symptoms of hyperventilation and muscle cramps. After evaluation at the local hospital, she developed pulseless ventricular tachycardia and was resuscitated by defibrillation by the hospital staff. After conversion to sinus rhythm, she was transported to a tertiary center. Upon arrival, pulseless ventricular tachycardia occurred again, and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) were implemented. Laboratory results showed severe hypocalcemia (corrected calcium level of 5.3 mg/dL) whereupon intravenous calcium supplementation was started. She had received the first dose of denosumab (60 mg) by subcutaneous injection 24 days prior to hospitalization. She was eventually weaned from ECMO and IABP support.ConclusionCardiac arrest due to hypocalcemia is relatively rare but can be fatal. In the present case, hyperventilation may have acutely exacerbated pre-existing hypocalcemia, leading to ventricular tachycardia. The patient had a slightly decreased serum calcium level prior to denosumab. Close monitoring may be preferable after the primary dose of denosumab in selected patients. Emergency physicians caring for patients who may be suffering from symptoms/signs of hypocalcemia must be mindful of medications that have long half-lives and affect electrolyte balance when treating fatal arrhythmia due to hypocalcemia.
Population genetic differentiation of the ubiquitous brooding coral Pocillopora acuta along Phuket Island reefs in the Andaman Sea, Thailand
Authors: Fiesinger Anna , Held Christoph , Melzner Frank , Putchim Lalita , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Schmidt Andrea L. , Wall Marlene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The widespread Indo-Pacific coral species Pocillopora acuta Lamarck, 1816 displays varying levels of asexual versus sexual reproduction, with strong repercussions on genetic diversity, connectivity and genetic structuring within and among populations. For many geographic regions, baseline information on genetic diversity is still lacking, particularly in the Andaman Sea. The region suffered a massive heat-induced bleaching event in 2010 with high coral cover loss of branching coral species such as P. acuta. A subsequent bleaching in 2016, however, revealed a mild bleaching response in pocilloporids compared to other coral taxa in the region, suggesting that rare, heat tolerant genotypes had been selected by the 2010 bleaching event. In order to test whether this potential ‘evolutionary rescue’ event has led to a low genetic diversity, we conducted a population genetic survey covering a total of nine different P. acuta populations (336 individuals) along a 50 km coastal stretch around Phuket Island, Thailand. We used six microsatellite markers to assess genotypic diversity and to determine the prevalent mode of reproduction (i.e. sexual or asexual recruitment).

Results
In contrast to other Indian Ocean P. acuta populations, the majority of corals in this study adopted a sexual reproduction mode (75% across all populations). At the same time, substantial regional gene flow was observed around Phuket Island with strong genetic differentiation as indicated by three genetic clusters that were separated by only a few kilometers. Patterns of isolation by distance over 0.7 – 40 km suggest small-scale genetic barriers, such as changing currents throughout each monsoonal season, potentially contributing to locally restricted dispersal of P. acuta larvae.

Conclusions
The occurrence of distinct genetic clusters within short coastal stretches suggests that the 2010 bleaching event has not led to extreme genetic impoverishment. While more in-depth genomic analyses are necessary to investigate changes in genetic diversity following extreme bleaching events, our results will help guide conservation efforts to maintain genetic diversity of a coral species that likely will be dominant in future, warmer Andaman Sea reefs.
Integrated analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the potential regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs in gingerol biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Wenlin , Yang Yang , Zhu Xuedong , Yang Suyu , Liao Ximei , Li Honglei , Li Zhexin , Liao Qinhong , Tang Jianmin , Zhao Guohua , Wu Lin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
As the characteristic functional component in ginger, gingerols possess several health-promoting properties. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as crucial regulators of diverse biological processes. However, lncRNAs in ginger are not yet identified so far, and their potential roles in gingerol biosynthesis are still unknown. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed in three main ginger cultivars (leshanhuangjiang, tonglingbaijiang, and yujiang 1 hao) in China to understand the potential roles of the specific lncRNAs in gingerol accumulation.

Results
A total of 744 metabolites were monitored by metabolomics analysis, which were divided into eleven categories. Among them, the largest group phenolic acid category contained 143 metabolites, including 21 gingerol derivatives. Of which, three gingerol analogs, [8]-shogaol, [10]-gingerol, and [12]-shogaol, accumulated significantly. Moreover, 16,346 lncRNAs, including 2,513, 1,225, and 2,884 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA genes (DELs), were identified in all three comparisons by transcriptomic analysis. Gene ontology enrichment (GO) analysis showed that the DELs mainly enriched in the secondary metabolite biosynthetic process, response to plant hormones, and phenol-containing compound metabolic process. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression levels of 11 DE gingerol biosynthesis enzyme genes (GBEGs) and 190 transcription factor genes (TF genes), such as MYB1, ERF100, WRKY40, etc. were strongly correlation coefficient with the contents of the three gingerol analogs. Furthermore, 7 and 111 upstream cis-acting lncRNAs, 1,200 and 2,225 upstream trans-acting lncRNAs corresponding to the GBEGs and TF genes were identified, respectively. Interestingly, 1,184 DELs might function as common upstream regulators to these GBEGs and TFs genes, such as LNC_008452, LNC_006109, LNC_004340, etc. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis indicated that three TF proteins, MYB4, MYB43, and WRKY70 might interact with four GBEG proteins (PAL1, PAL2, PAL3, and 4CL-4).

Conclusion
Based on these findings, we for the first time worldwide proposed a putative regulatory cascade of lncRNAs, TFs genes, and GBEGs involved in controlling of gingerol biosynthesis. These results not only provide novel insights into the lncRNAs involved in gingerol metabolism, but also lay a foundation for future in-depth studies of the related molecular mechanism.
A gene mutation-based risk model for prognostic prediction in liver metastases
Authors: Yu Bingran , Zhang Ning , Feng Yun , Xu Weiqi , Zhang Ti , Wang Lu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Liver metastasis is the major challenge in the treatment for malignant tumors. Genomic profiling is increasingly used in the diagnosis, treatment and prediction of prognosis in malignancies. In this study, we constructed a gene mutation-based risk model to predict the survival of liver metastases.

Method
We identified the gene mutations associated with survival and constructed the risk model in the training cohort including 800 patients with liver metastases from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) dataset. Other 794 patients with liver metastases were collected from 4 cohorts for validation. Furthermore, the analyses of tumor microenvironment (TME) and somatic mutations were performed on 51 patients with breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) who had both somatic mutation data and RNA-sequencing data.

Results
A gene mutation-based risk model involved 10 genes was constructed to divide patients with liver metastases into the high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group had a longer survival time compared to those in the high-risk group, which was observed in both training and validation cohorts. The analyses of TME in BCLM showed that the low-risk group exhibited more immune infiltration than the high-risk group. Furthermore, the mutation signatures of the high-risk group were completely different from those of the low-risk group in patients with BCLM.

Conclusions
The gene mutation-based risk model constructed in our study exhibited the reliable ability of predicting the prognosis in liver metastases. The difference of TME and somatic mutations among BCLM patients with different risk score can guide the further research and treatment decisions for liver metastases.
A signaling complex of adenylate cyclase CyaC of Sinorhizobium meliloti with cAMP and the transcriptional regulators Clr and CycR
Authors: Klein Robin , Brehm Jannis , Wissig Juliane , Heermann Ralf , Unden Gottfried 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Adenylate cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is found in all domains of life and is involved in the regulation of various cell physiological and metabolic processes. In the plant symbiotic bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, synthesis of cAMP by the membrane-bound AC CyaC responds to the redox state of the respiratory chain and the respiratory quinones. However, nothing is known about the signaling cascade that is initiated by cAMP produced by CyaC.

Results
Here, the CRP-like transcriptional regulator Clr and the TetR-like regulator CycR (TR01819 protein) were identified to interact with CyaC using the bacterial two-hybrid system (BACTH), co-sedimentation assays, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Interaction of CycR with Clr, and of CyaC with Clr requires the presence of cAMP and of ATP, respectively, whereas that of CyaC with CycR was independent of the nucleotides.

Conclusion
The data implicate a ternary CyaC×CycR×cAMP-Clr complex, functioning as a specific signaling cascade which is formed after activation of CyaC and synthesis of cAMP. cAMP-Clr is thought to work in complex with CycR to regulate a subset of genes of the cAMP-Clr regulon in S. meliloti.
Sex-specific associations of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary plaque composition for hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis: a coronary computed tomography angiography study
Authors: Wu Mengshan , Feng Jintang , Zhang Zhang , Zhang Ningnannan , Yang Fan , Li Ruijun , Men Yueqi , Li Dong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
It has been reported that there are sex differences in plaque composition and hemodynamically significant stenosis. This study aimed to explore the impact of sex on cardiovascular risk factors for specific plaque compositions and hemodynamically significant stenosis.

Methods
Data regarding demographics and cardiovascular risk factors were collected. Hemodynamically significant stenosis was identified by a computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve of ≤ 0.8. Associations among cardiovascular risk factors, plaque composition, and hemodynamically significant stenosis were assessed using a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis across sexes. The discriminating capacity of diverse plaque components for hemodynamically significant stenosis was assessed by area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
A total of 1164 patients (489 men and 675 women) were included. For men, hyperlipidemia and cigarette smoking were risk factors for each plaque component (all P < 0.05), and diabetes mellitus also predicted fibrotic components (P < 0.05). For women, risk factors for each plaque component were hypertension and diabetes mellitus (all P < 0.01). Nonetheless, hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05) was a specific risk factor for non-calcified components. Calcified components combined with fibrotic components showed superior discrimination of hemodynamically significant stenosis in men and calcified components alone in women (all P < 0.01). Hypertension (P < 0.01) was a risk factor for hemodynamically significant stenosis in women. In contrast, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking were risk factors for hemodynamically significant stenosis in men (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
In men, hemodynamically significant stenosis was predicted by a combination of calcified and fibrotic components with multiple risk factors. In women, hemodynamically significant stenosis was predicted by calcified components caused by a single risk factor. It might be a key point to improve prognosis by more precise risk management between men and women, which needs to be proved by further prospective trials.
Translation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE)
Authors: Shabani Mohammadamin , Taheri-Kharameh Zahra , Sheikholeslamikabiri Fatemeh , Judy Maede 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background & Objectives
Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Managing hypertension through self-care practices is considered one of the most effective strategies. However, to accurately assess the self-care status of individuals with hypertension, a valid and reliable tool is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects Questionnaire.

Methods
Present methodological study was conducted on 218 patients with hypertension visiting the Clinic of Qom educational and medical centers. Subjects were selected with convenience sampling. Data were collected using the H-SCALE, and a demographic questionnaire. The translation was done from the recommended backward-forward method according to the WHO protocol. After that, face and content validity were applied, along with construct validity involving a comparison of known groups and confirmatory factor analysis. To test reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. Data analysis was performed by SPSS and smart-PLS software.

Results
The factor loadings of the self-care behaviors questionnaire were significant in all constructs, and were higher than 0.5 except for three items. The known-groups method showed that the self-care score of patients with controlled blood pressure was significantly higher than those with uncontrolled blood pressure. The extent of average variance extracted (AVE) of the majority of the constructs in the questionnaire was greater than 0.5 and, the composite reliability was greater than the AVE, indicating a good convergent validity. The divergent validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the Fornell-Larcker criterion and the heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT). Cronbach's alpha coefficient, combined reliability, and communalities index were optimal.

Conclusion
According to research findings, the Persian version of the questionnaire has good validity and reliability that can be used as a tool to measure the level of self-care of hypertension by health care providers.