bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of RAP Strategy in Improving Reading Comprehension Of EFL Students
Authors: Surayatika Desi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to find out whether there was a significant improvement of studentsâ€™ reading comprehension achievement after being taught by using RAP strategy or not. The population was all the students of Information System at Indo Global Mandiri University. The sample consisted forty students which was selected by using Purpossive sampling. In collecting the data, a test was used and there was fifty items of multiple choice questions. The data was analyzed by using t-test (Paired Samples t-test). The findings showed that RAP strategy was significant in improving the EFL studentsâ€™ reading comprehension achievement. It can be seen from the mean of the pre-test and post-test which shows that there was significant difference in studentsâ€™ reading comprehension after being taught reading by using RAP Strategy. The students who were taught reading by using RAP Strategy had better higher achievement in comprehension after having the treatment. In conclusion, the use of reciprocal teaching strategy could improve the studentsâ€™ reading comprehension.Keywords : reading comprehension, RAP strategyÂ AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada peningkatan yang signifikan dari pencapaian pemahaman membaca siswa setelah diajarkan dengan menggunakan strategi RAP atau tidak. Populasinya adalah seluruh mahasiswa Sistem Informasi diUniversitas Indo Global Mandiri. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari empat puluh siswa yang dipilih dengan menggunakan Purpossive sampling. Tes terdiri dari lima puluh pertanyaan pilihan ganda yang digunakan sebagai teknik untuk mengumpulkan data. Dalam penelitian ini, t-test digunakan sebagai teknik untuk menganalisa data (Paired Samples t-test). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa strategi RAP signifikan dalam meningkatkan pencapaian pemahaman membaca siswa EFL. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil rata-rata pre-test dan post-test yang menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman membaca siswa setelah diajarkan membaca dengan menggunakan Strategi RAP. Siswa yang diajar membaca dengan menggunakan Strategi RAP memiliki pencapaian pemahaman yang lebih baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan strategi pengajaran RAP dapat meningkatkan pemahaman membaca siswa.Kata kunci: pemahaman bacaan, strategi RAP
The Advantages and Disadvantages of English Learning For Early Childhood Education in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Ayu Paramita 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTEveryone is only able to speak one language, the language they acquired naturally and grow with that, but it does not close the possibility to speak more than one language with learn. Language is essentially a means of communication among the members of a society. Language becomes very important because everything that humans do with each other is with this media. Foreign language of course is different from the mother tongue. Whether a grammar, the use of letters and how to read that is different. And when a child is told to learn thousands of foreign language vocabulary, of course it will make them stressful because how to spell and pronounce it is different from the mother tongue. But when someone does an adaptation in the social environment, then someone will use language that is adapted to the situation and conditions. Indonesia is a unitary country and also called as multicultural country, because Indonesia has a variety of languages and cultures. Indonesia still has one language called as Indonesia Language which is used as a national language to unite various regional languages. English, which is a foreign language in Indonesia, has a big role for Indonesia itself. Learning language in the early childhood is a good and also bad in the same time.Keywords : Language, Foreign Language, Early Childhood, Mother TongueABSTRAKSetiap orang hanya dapat berbicara satu bahasa, bahasa yang mereka peroleh secara alami dan besar dengannya, tetapi tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk berbicara lebih dari satu bahasa dengan belajar. Bahasa pada dasarnya adalah alat komunikasi di antaraÂ masyarakat. Bahasa menjadi sangat penting karena semua yang manusia lakukan satu sama lain adalah dengan media ini. Bahasa asing tentu saja berbeda dengan bahasa ibu. Baik tata bahasa, penggunaan huruf dan cara membaca yang berbeda. Dan ketika seorang anak disuruh belajar ribuan kosakata bahasa asing, tentu saja itu akan membuat mereka stres karena cara mengeja dan mengucapkannya berbeda dari bahasa ibu. Tetapi ketika seseorang melakukan adaptasi di lingkungan sosial, maka seseorang akan menggunakan bahasa yang disesuaikan dengan situasi dan kondisi. Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan dan juga disebut sebagai negara multikultural, karena Indonesia memiliki beragam bahasa dan budaya. Indonesia masih memiliki satu bahasa yang disebut sebagai Bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai bahasa nasional untuk menyatukan berbagai bahasa daerah. Bahasa Inggris, yang merupakan bahasa asing di Indonesia, memiliki peran besar bagi Indonesia sendiri. Belajar bahasa pada anak usia dini adalah hal yang baik dan juga buruk pada saat yang bersamaan.Kata kunci : Bahasa, Bahasa Asing, Pendidikan usia dini, Bahasa Ibu
Nature, Generation, and Dissipation of Alfvénic Kinks/Switchbacks Observed by Parker Solar Probe and WIND
Authors: Hou Chuanpeng , Zhu Xingyu , Zhuo Rui , He Jiansen , Verscharen Daniel , Duan Die 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The discovery of very prominent magnetic kinks/switchbacks in the solar wind within 0.3 au has become a scientific highlight of the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission. This discovery points at the promising impact of small-scale solar activity on the inner heliosphere. To address the nature, generation, and dissipation of these kinks, we perform a statistical analysis of the plasma and boundary properties of the kinks using PSP multi-encounter observations and WIND measurements at 1 au. The kinks show strong Alfvénicity and velocity fluctuations of the order of the local Alfvén speed. These findings suggest that the nature of the kinks is consistent with large-amplitude Alfvén pulses, and the steepening of these Alfvén pulses is likely the formation mechanism of these kinks. Based on the angle between the normal direction of the kinks’ boundaries and the background magnetic field vector, PSP kinks and WIND kinks can be divided into two groups: quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular kinks. We speculate that quasi-parallel kinks form through the coupling of Alfvén and fast waves as launched from coronal interchange magnetic reconnection. In contrast, quasi-perpendicular kinks may come from the steepening of Alfvén waves launched from both coronal interchange magnetic reconnection and from the more inhomogeneous lower solar atmosphere. We find that the kink velocity perturbation gradually decreases during outward propagation and is much lower than expected from WKB theory, suggesting a progressive dissipation of the kinks. Comparing PSP kinks and WIND kinks, we conjecture that the kinks dissipate through merging with the turbulent energy cascade within 0.25 au.
The Merging of a Coronal Dimming and the Southern Polar Coronal Hole
Authors: Ngampoopun Nawin , Long David M. , Baker Deborah , Green Lucie M. , Yardley Stephanie L. , James Alexander W. , To Andy S. H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We report on the merging between the southern polar coronal hole and an adjacent coronal dimming induced by a coronal mass ejection on 2022 March 18, resulting in the merged region persisting for at least 72 hr. We use remote sensing data from multiple co-observing spacecraft to understand the physical processes during this merging event. The evolution of the merger is examined using Extreme-UltraViolet (EUV) images obtained from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory and Extreme Ultraviolet Imager, which is on board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft. The plasma dynamics are quantified using spectroscopic data obtained from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on board Hinode. The photospheric magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager are used to derive the magnetic field properties. To our knowledge, this work is the first spectroscopical analysis of the merging of two open-field structures. We find that the coronal hole and the coronal dimming become indistinguishable after the merging. The upflow speeds inside the coronal dimming become more similar to that of a coronal hole, with a mixture of plasma upflows and downflows observable after the merging. The brightening of the bright points and the appearance of coronal jets inside the merged region further imply ongoing reconnection processes. We propose that component reconnection between the coronal hole and coronal dimming fields plays an important role during this merging event because the footpoint switching resulting from the reconnection allows the coronal dimming to intrude onto the boundary of the southern polar coronal hole.
Erratum: “Testing Algorithms for Identifying Source Confusion in the HI-MaNGA Survey” (2022, RNAAS, 6, 1)
Authors: Shapiro Griffin , Stark David V. , Masters Karen L. , Hess Kelley ,   and Apertif Team
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The first three authors regret an oversight which led to improper acknowledgment of the use of Apertif data in the initial publication and the omission of a co-author. In this Erratum we add the specific named co-author, as well as “the Apertif team,” and give a full acknowledgment for the use of Apertif data.
G0.481-0.037, an Isolated Compact H ii Region in Sgr B1
Authors: Simpson Janet P. , Cotera Angela S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a near-infrared spectrum of the isolated compact H ii region G0.481-0.037 taken with SpeX on the Infrared Telescope Facility. This spectrum shows strong lines of hydrogen Brγ, Brδ, Pα, and He i 2.059 μm. The radial velocity observed from the strongest line, Brγ, is V
LSR = 77 ± 6 km s−1, significantly larger than the velocities of other ionized components of Sgr B1. We modeled the observed He i 2.059/Brγ ratio, 0.353 ± 0.075, with Cloudy C22.01 using model stellar atmospheres representing both dwarfs and giants. Our model ratios agree with the observed ratio for stellar effective temperatures of ∼34,500 K for dwarfs and ∼33,000 K for giants, from which we estimate late O spectral types for both luminosity classes. These values are consistent with the observed radio fluxes, given that the ionizing star of G0.481-0.037 is probably no longer embedded in its natal molecular cloud.
Le Comité de coopération transfrontalière (CCT) franco-allemand : de la coopération à l’intégration dans l’espace transfrontalier
Authors: Gräber Cathrin , Muller Vincent 
Published: June 2023

La création d’un espace franco-allemand intégré constitue un objectif politique majeur du traité d’Aix-la-Chapelle (22 janvier 2019) : absente du traité de l’Élysée, la coopération transfrontalière est l’une des principales innovations de ce nouvel accord qui met les citoyens des deux nations au cœur de leur partenariat. Depuis 2020, le Comité de coopération transfrontalière (CCT) franco-allemand met en œuvre cette priorité, notamment par l’adoption de délibérations proposant au Conseil des ministres franco-allemand (CMFA) des solutions concrètes aux « irritants » de la vie quotidienne des habitants, des collectivités territoriales et des entreprises des régions voisines des deux pays. Le traité s’est inspiré d’un rapport parlementaire français qui avait précisé les attentes locales. Grâce à la volonté des deux gouvernements, il est entré très rapidement en vigueur, même si le fonctionnement du CCT a été impacté par la pandémie de la Covid-19. Les années 2021 et 2022 ont permis la mise en œuvre d’un programme de travail très large, allant de projets de proximité à des priorités structurelles pour le développement des échanges entre territoires limitrophes. Pour améliorer le fonctionnement des mécanismes décisionnels, plusieurs mesures administratives pourraient être implémentées d’ici 2024, afin d’accélérer les réformes nécessaires et renforcer la visibilité du Comité. Pour l’Allemagne et la France, l’enjeu dépasse le cadre diplomatique bilatéral, puisque l’intégration transfrontalière – qui concerne également la Suisse et le Luxembourg – est un véritable laboratoire pour l’unité européenne.
L’étonnante vitalité de l’enseignement de l’allemand à La Réunion
Authors: Hargasser Reinhold , Ziemer Ortwin 
Published: June 2023

L’article part du constat de la surprenante vivacité des cours d’allemand à La Réunion à tous les niveaux (dans le primaire, le secondaire et le supérieur) et en résume d’abord les raisons à la fois structurelles et historiques en mettant l’accent sur le rôle joué d’abord par quelques pionniers à l’instar de Christiane André et Michel Polényk et par la suite sur celui de différents partenaires comme le Rectorat, l’Office franco-allemand pour la Jeunesse (OFAJ) ou encore l’Association des Amis de la Culture allemande à La Réunion (ACAR). Les auteurs mettent en relief l’importance prépondérante des échanges entre La Réunion et les pays de langue allemande et en présentent l’intérêt et les enjeux pour les élèves et les étudiants. Sont ensuite évoqués quelques grands projets pédagogiques structurants menés ces dernières années qui ont été décisifs pour la motivation des apprenants de l’allemand de cette académie ultramarine. C’est dans cette perspective que les auteurs présentent enfin la Semaine académique franco-allemande qui a été organisée en février 2023 dernier dans l’île pour marquer le 60 e anniversaire du Traité de l’Élysée qui revêt d’une signification particulière dans ce département d’outre-mer.
Le mythe de Dunkerque dans l’imaginaire britannique, de 1940 au Brexit
Authors: Davis Richard 
Published: June 2023

L’évacuation des troupes alliées des plages de Dunkerque en mai-juin 1940 a suivi leur défaite écrasante lors des semaines précédentes. Malgré cet indéniable revers majeur, Dunkerque était très vite présentée non pas comme une défaite, mais comme un « miracle » et comme une délivrance. « L’esprit de Dunkerque », de résistance et détermination, était au cœur des représentations des événements, à la fois dans les récits officiels et dans les médias. Depuis la fin de la guerre, il y a eu plusieurs appels à cet « esprit de Dunkerque » en temps de crise nationale. Dunkerque est souvent représentée dans les films et livres et sert de point de référence dans de nombreux débats sur l’identité nationale britannique et sur les relations entre la Grande-Bretagne et l’Europe, surtout lors du débat sur le Brexit.
L’usage d’un « éveillant » par les soldats français durant la guerre du Golfe (1991)
Authors: Guérin Vincent 
Published: June 2023

Durant la guerre du Golfe (1990-1991), l’armée française ouvre une brèche dans l’histoire déjà longue de l’usage de la psychopharmacologie en utilisant pour la première fois une substance qui a pour nom de code virgyl. Découvert par les laboratoires Lafon, testé par l’armée dans le cadre de l’opération dite « Dauphin », le modafinil permet au soldat de rester « éveillé » pendant plus de 48 heures, sans effets secondaires apparents et ce contrairement aux amphétamines. Après quelques éléments contextuels sur la guerre du Golfe, l’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur les origines de ce produit puis, au travers de témoignages, explorer l’écologie de sa prise par les soldats durant l’intervention militaire et son écho, après coup, dans la société civile. L’article se termine par une mise en perspective de l’usage du modafinil jusqu’à maintenant.
Aquaponic Monitoring System and Fish Feeding with Favoriot
Authors: Mohd Noordin Muhammad Azeem Syazwan , Saon Sharifah , Mahamad Abd Kadir , Abbas Mazlan 
Published: June 2023

Aquaponics is a farming practice that combines the benefits of hydroponics and aquaculture. An Internet of Things (IoT) aquaponics system is used to help collect vast amounts of ecological and agricultural data. An aquaponics system, including a fish tank and planting area, has been completed and set up as an experimental field. The main objectives of this project are to develop and design a monitoring system for aquaponics that can be utilised in many aspects. This project utilises Arduino, Wi-Fi shield and Android applications for monitoring purposes. A pH sensor, temperature and servo motor are used to retrieve and store the data on the Favoriot platform. The result obtained from the sensors was degree temperature, soil moisture, pH, and automatic fish feeder. The system acquires an average performance of 92.5%, considering the data receive and system functionality. In conclusion, the project can monitor the water temperature, soil moisture, pH and provide notifications through the mobile application of the aquaponic monitoring system.
Nonbinary Roles for T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in the Germinal Center Response
Authors: Chen Qiang , Dent Alexander L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Development of high-affinity Abs in the germinal center (GC) is dependent on a specialized subset of T cells called “T follicular helper” (TFH) cells that help select Ag-specific B cells. A second T cell subset, T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, can act as repressors of the GC and Ab response but can also provide a helper function for GC B cells in some contexts. Recent studies showed that, apart from their traditional helper role, TFH cells can also act as repressors of the Ab response, particularly for IgE responses. We review how both TFH and TFR cells express helper and repressor factors that coordinately regulate the Ab response and how the line between these two subsets is less clear than initially thought. Thus, TFH and TFR cells are interconnected and have “nonbinary” functions. However, many questions remain about how these critical cells control the Ab response.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation: Implications of Interventional Technique and 3D Echocardiography for Complex Valve-in-Valve Paravalvular Leak
Authors: Sehgal Sankalp , Subramanyam Pritha , Ahluwalia Monica , Rastogi Ashish , Bergman Geoffrey 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) has emerged as a feasible alternative to surgical reoperation in failed bioprostheses and rings. Residual mitral regurgitation following TMVR can present as a valve-in-valve paravalvular leak (PVL) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Current therapies for valve-in-valve PVL are limited. We present a case of a symptomatic patient with severe valve-in-valve PVL after TMVR for a previous surgical bioprosthesis leak, who then underwent a second TMVR as a valve-in-valve-in-valve implantation with a 29 mm Edwards SAPIEN 3 valve via transseptal approach using three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. This unique case highlights the complexity of this clinical entity and recognizes 3D transesophageal echocardiography as a valuable tool to guide valve-in-valve PVL closures.
Comparative Analysis of Eye Safety Knowledge and Practices among Private and Hospital Dental Practitioners in National Capital Region of India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Uppal Simran , Chowdhry Aman , Kapoor Priyanka , Dar Dhruv 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Dentists are prone to ocular injuries from chemical, physical, or infectious agents. While most dentists wear masks, gloves, and gowns, eye protection continues to be neglected. Thus, this study was undertaken to identify these gaps in awareness and practices of eye safety among dentists.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate and compare the knowledge and practices of hospital and private dental practitioners regarding eye protection in clinical practice.

Methodology:
A questionnaire designed to assess the eye safety knowledge and practices of dentists was validated and mailed to hospital dental practitioners and private dental practitioners (100 each), from the National Capital Region over 6 months. Data collected were subjected to Chi-square analysis for comparing knowledge and practices of the two groups.

Results:
Dentists were found to be lacking in their practices with 48.5% using eye protection sometimes and 5.5% never using it, although their knowledge however revealed otherwise. Sixty-eight percent of dentists never or rarely used eye protection for their patients. 40.5% dentists had at least one incident of ocular trauma due to inadequate eye protection while 26% had at least 5 such incidents.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the gaps in the knowledge and practices of dentists regarding eye protection thus, emphasizing the need for creating more awareness, more so in the coronavirus disease of 2019 era, to prevent further transmission of infections.
Case Report: Severe Plasmodium vivax Malaria after Splenectomy
Authors: Kambuaya Noy Norman , Rini Hasrini , Shanti Putu Ayu Indra , Alexander King , Candrawati Freis , Prayoga Pak , Leonardo Leo , Margayani Dewi Sri , Yayang Bagus Tesa Gina , Kenangalem Enny , Buffet Pierre A. , Anstey Nicholas M. , Poespoprodjo Jeanne Rini , Kho Steven 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT.
Severe malaria after splenectomy has been reported with infections with Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium knowlesi, and Plasmodium malariae, but is less well-characterized with Plasmodium vivax. We describe a case of severe P. vivax malaria with hypotension, prostration, and acute kidney injury occurring 2 months after splenectomy in Papua, Indonesia. The patient was treated successfully with intravenous artesunate.
Single vs. double drain in modified radical mastectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khan Salma , Khan Momna , Wasim Asma 
Published: June 2023

Objective: It was aimed to test the hypothesis that the use of a double drain results in less seroma formation, duration of the hospital stay, surgical site infection (SSI), postoperative pain, hematoma, flap necrosis compared to a single drain in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
Material and Methods: This parallel-group, single-institution randomized controlled trial was conducted at the department of surgery of our institute between April 2015 and July 2018. Women undergoing modified radical mastectomy were randomly allocated to either a single drain (n= 98) or double drain (n= 98).
Results: Both groups were comparable for baseline variables such as age, co-morbidity, BMI, and tumor characteristics. The variables of single drain yielded no better outcomes compared to double drain with estimated blood loss (101.67 ± 25.14 vs.101.67 ± 24.40, p> 0.001), drain volume (898.81 ± 116.42 vs 803.97 ± 103.22 mL, p> 0.001), duration of surgery in minutes (103.19 ± 15.96, 103.19 ± 15.93) and seroma formation (13.4% vs 6.1%, p= 0.082). However, single drain yielded less postoperative pain (mean 2.5 ± 0.70 vs 5.22 ± 5.10, p< 0.000). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, single drain was associated with a lower risk of significant postoperative pain [adjusted relative risk 0.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.070-0.25)] and overall complications [adjusted relative risk 0.47, (95% CI 0.26-0.86)]. On multiple linear regression, the duration of drains in the single drain group was 0.01 days less than double drain (r2= 0.00, b= 0.388, p> 0.001).
Conclusion: The use of a single drain significantly reduces postoperative discomfort and pain while demonstrating similar morbidity to the patient with two drains. We thus recommend preferential use of a single drain in modified radical mastectomy (NCT02411617).