bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering Students’ Situational Interest in Physics: Results from a Classroom-Based Intervention Study
Authors: Brakhage Henriette , Gröschner Alexander , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela , Hagenauer Gerda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch indicates that students’ interest in science decreases during their school years. To counteract this, a quasi-experimental instructional intervention was designed in which we addressed students’ leisure interests to foster their (situational) interest in physics. Students in the intervention group got the opportunity to choose topics matching their leisure interests (e.g. sports, music) and were encouraged to reflect on and discuss the application of principles of semiconductor physics to those topics throughout the intervention with a duration over 11 lessons. The intervention group consisted of 60 students from German high-track schools; another 55 students comprised the control group. The results of a MANCOVA analysis indicate that the instructional intervention succeeded in triggering students’ catch and hold component of situational interest during all four phases of the lesson series. Furthermore, behavioural disengagement developed more positively for students in the intervention group, while no significant effects were found for their behavioural engagement, their interest in physics-related activities in leisure or their general interest in physics classes in school. The results suggest that addressing students’ leisure interests in physics classes can promote their situational interest and reduce their behavioural disengagement in physics.
Anomaly and change point detection for time series with concept drift
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Yang Donghua , Zhang Kaiqi , Gao Hong , Li Jianzhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnomaly detection is one of the most important research contents in time series data analysis, which is widely used in many fields. In real world, the environment is usually dynamically changing, and the distribution of data changes over time, namely concept drift. The accuracy of static anomaly detection methods is bound to be reduced by concept drift. In addition, there is a sudden concept drift, which is manifested as a abrupt variation in a data point that changes the statistical properties of data. Such a point is called a change point, and it has very similar behavior to an anomaly. However, the existing methods cannot distinguish between anomaly and change point, so the existence of change point will affect the result of anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method to simultaneously detect anomaly and change point for time series with concept drift. The method is based on the fluctuation features of data and converts the original data into the rate of change of data. It not only solves the concept drift, but also effectively detects and distinguishes anomalies and change points. Experiments on both public and synthetic datasets show that compared with the state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods, our method is superior to most of the existing works and significantly superior to existing methods for change point detection. It fully demonstrates the superiority of our method in detecting anomalies and change points simultaneously.
NMR metabolite quantification of a synthetic urine sample: an inter-laboratory comparison of processing workflows
Authors: Canlet Cécile , Deborde Catherine , Cahoreau Edern , Da Costa Grégory , Gautier Roselyne , Jacob Daniel , Jousse Cyril , Lacaze Mélia , Le Mao Inès , Martineau Estelle , Peyriga Lindsay , Richard Tristan , Silvestre Virginie , Traïkia Mounir , Moing Annick , Giraudeau Patrick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Absolute quantification of individual metabolites in complex biological samples is crucial in targeted metabolomic profiling.

Objectives
An inter-laboratory test was performed to evaluate the impact of the NMR software, peak-area determination method (integration vs. deconvolution) and operator on quantification trueness and precision.

Methods
A synthetic urine containing 32 compounds was prepared. One site prepared the urine and calibration samples, and performed NMR acquisition. NMR spectra were acquired with two pulse sequences including water suppression used in routine analyses. The pre-processed spectra were sent to the other sites where each operator quantified the metabolites using internal referencing or external calibration, and his/her favourite in-house, open-access or commercial NMR tool.

Results
For 1D NMR measurements with solvent presaturation during the recovery delay (zgpr), 20 metabolites were successfully quantified by all processing strategies. Some metabolites could not be quantified by some methods. For internal referencing with TSP, only one half of the metabolites were quantified with a trueness below 5%. With peak integration and external calibration, about 90% of the metabolites were quantified with a trueness below 5%. The NMRProcFlow integration module allowed the quantification of several additional metabolites. The number of quantified metabolites and quantification trueness improved for some metabolites with deconvolution tools. Trueness and precision were not significantly different between zgpr- and NOESYpr-based spectra for about 70% of the variables.

Conclusion
External calibration performed better than TSP internal referencing. Inter-laboratory tests are useful when choosing to better rationalize the choice of quantification tools for NMR-based metabolomic profiling and confirm the value of spectra deconvolution tools.
Spaces of Phylogenetic Diversity Indices: Combinatorial and Geometric Properties
Authors: Manson Kerry , Steel Mike 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiodiversity is a concept most naturally quantified and measured across sets of species. However, for some applications, such as prioritising species for conservation efforts, a species-by-species approach is desirable. Phylogenetic diversity indices are functions that apportion the total biodiversity value of a set of species across its constituent members. As such, they aim to measure each species’ individual contribution to, and embodiment of, the diversity present in that set. However, no clear definition exists that encompasses the diversity indices in current use. This paper presents conditions that define diversity indices arising from the phylogenetic diversity measure on rooted phylogenetic trees. In this context, the diversity index ‘score’ given to a species represents a measure of its unique and shared evolutionary history as displayed in the underlying phylogenetic tree. Our definition generalises the diversity index notion beyond the popular Fair Proportion and Equal-Splits indices. These particular indices may now be seen as two points in a convex space of possible diversity indices, for which the boundary conditions are determined by the underlying shape of each phylogenetic tree. We calculated the dimension of the convex space associated with each tree shape and described the extremal points.
Fachberatung in familienanalogen Wohnformen als „eierlegende Wollmilchsau“?
Authors: Flack Nina 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie familienanalogen Wohnformen als eine Form der stationären Erziehungshilfen erlangen im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit. Durch das Zusammenleben der pädagogischen Fachkräfte mit den jungen Menschen wird für die professionelle Fremdbetreuung eine kontinuierliche Reflexion von den Fachkräften erwartet. Aufgrund einer fehlenden Eingebundenheit in Teamstrukturen werden die Fachkräfte von Fachberater*innen unterstützt. Die Fachberatung ist ein konstitutives Merkmal für dieses Setting, allerdings stellt sie bisher eine eklatante Forschungslücke dar. Ihre Bedeutsamkeit wird zwar hervorgehoben, was konkret Fachberatung bedeutet und welche Aufgaben Fachberater*innen in der Praxis übernehmen, ist jedoch nicht bekannt. Dieser Artikel zeigt empirische Ergebnisse einer ethnografischen Studie, in deren Rahmen der Alltag von Fachberater*innen beobachtet wurde. Mithilfe des Soziale-Welten-Ansatzes wird analytisch gefasst, wie komplex Fachberatung ist. Dadurch wird der bisherige Fokus auf der Beziehung zwischen pädagogischer Fachkraft und Fachberater*in erweitert. In diesem Artikel wird zusätzlich das Grenzobjekt von Star und Griesemer (2017) als analytische Betrachtung hinzugezogen, um aufzuzeigen, wie die Akteur*innen der differenten Sozialen Welten zusammenarbeiten. Durch dieses Vorgehen kann erklärt werden, wie Fachberatung funktioniert und warum sie für den Fallverlauf in den stationären Erziehungshilfen relevant ist. Somit ist nachvollziehbar, warum verschiedene Perspektiven auf Fachberatung existieren können und dennoch eine Zusammenarbeit möglich ist.
Effects of an enhanced fibre–matrix adhesion on the fatigue behaviour of composite materials under very high cycle fatigue
Authors: Bartelt M. , Horst P. , Heimbs S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fatigue behaviour of two glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composite materials with a cross-ply layup is investigated in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime with up to $$10^8$$

10
8

load cycles. In addition to the influence on the fatigue lifetime, different materials can also cause a different damage phenomenology. One reference fibre (OC111A) and one fibre with increased fibre–matrix adhesion (SE2020) are tested. The experimental and numerical investigations show that the damage threshold is shifted to higher loads with increased fibre–matrix adhesion, but the damage mode of delaminations becomes more important.
Mechanical behavior of basalt-reinforced epoxy composites modified with biomass-derived seashell powder
Authors: Hiremath Anupama , Nayak Suhas Yeshwant , Heckadka Srinivas Shenoy , Pramod Jaideep Jeppu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe effect of resin modification through the incorporation of the biomass waste in the form of seashell powder on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber–reinforced epoxy/seashell composites is examined through experimental investigations. The resin modification is done through the addition of seashell powder in 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%. The modified resin is then reinforced with basalt fiber mat and the required laminate is obtained through compression molding technique. The specimens required for various mechanical tests, such as flexural, tensile, inter laminar shear (ILSS), and the impact strengths, are cut from the laminate as per the standard ASTM dimensions. The mechanical test results indicate that through the addition of the seashell filler additional toughening mechanisms are introduced which improves the strength of the composite laminate. The improvement in the flexural modulus value for all the laminates made from modified resin indicates the ability of the laminate to deflect the applied load effectively and efficiently. The optimum wt.% addition of seashell filler into the resin is found to be 5% for flexural, ILSS, and impact strength while for tensile strength it was observed to be 10%. The addition of higher wt.% loading of seashell filler into the resin has rendered the resin too thick and viscous with minimum flowability. Thus, there is a reduced wettability of the modified resin with the basalt fibers due to which the strength of the laminates reduces. The SEM analysis indicates widespread delamination for higher wt.% addition of the seashell filler into the resin.
Wiener–Hopf technique for a fractional mixed boundary value problem in cylindrical layer
Authors: Ansari Alireza , Masomi Mohammad Rasool 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the heat transfer modeling during freezing of a biological tissue and present an analytical approach for solving the heat transfer problem in cryosurgery. We consider a time-fractional bio-heat equation in the cylindrical coordinate and employ the Wiener–Hopf technique to find the temperature of tissue in two different domains by the factorization of associated Wiener–Hopf kernel. We discuss the fundamental roles of the Bessel and Wright functions in determining the analytical solution of fractional cryosurgery problem.
Flexible Nanocomposite Conductors for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Nan Ze , Wei Wei , Lin Zhenhua , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2023

Highlights

Convincing candidates of flexible (stretchable/compressible) electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposites are discussed in detail from the views of fabrication, mechanical elasticity and shielding performance.

Detailed summary of the relationship between deformation of materials and electromagnetic shielding performance.

The future directions and challenges in developing flexible (particularly elastic) shielding nanocomposites are highlighted.

Abstract
With the extensive use of electronic communication technology in integrated circuit systems and wearable devices, electromagnetic interference (EMI) has increased dramatically. The shortcomings of conventional rigid EMI shielding materials include high brittleness, poor comfort, and unsuitability for conforming and deformable applications. Hitherto, flexible (particularly elastic) nanocomposites have attracted enormous interest due to their excellent deformability. However, the current flexible shielding nanocomposites present low mechanical stability and resilience, relatively poor EMI shielding performance, and limited multifunctionality. Herein, the advances in low-dimensional EMI shielding nanomaterials-based elastomers are outlined and a selection of the most remarkable examples is discussed. And the corresponding modification strategies and deformability performance are summarized. Finally, expectations for this quickly increasing sector are discussed, as well as future challenges.
Nanofiber Composite Reinforced Organohydrogels for Multifunctional and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Wen Jing , Wu Yongchuan , Gao Yuxin , Su Qin , Liu Yuntao , Wu Haidi , Zhang Hechuan , Liu Zhanqi , Yao Hang , Huang Xuewu , Tang Longcheng , Shi Yongqian , Song Pingan , Xue Huaiguo , Gao Jiefeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComposite organohydrogels have been widely used in wearable electronics. However, it remains a great challenge to develop mechanically robust and multifunctional composite organohydrogels with good dispersion of nanofillers and strong interfacial interactions. Here, multifunctional nanofiber composite reinforced organohydrogels (NCROs) are prepared. The NCRO with a sandwich-like structure possesses excellent multi-level interfacial bonding. Simultaneously, the synergistic strengthening and toughening mechanism at three different length scales endow the NCRO with outstanding mechanical properties with a tensile strength (up to 7.38 ± 0.24 MPa), fracture strain (up to 941 ± 17%), toughness (up to 31.59 ± 1.53 MJ m−3) and fracture energy (up to 5.41 ± 0.63 kJ m−2). Moreover, the NCRO can be used for high performance electromagnetic interference shielding and strain sensing due to its high conductivity and excellent environmental tolerance such as anti-freezing performance. Remarkably, owing to the organohydrogel stabilized conductive network, the NCRO exhibits superior long-term sensing stability and durability compared to the nanofiber composite itself. This work provides new ideas for the design of high-strength, tough, stretchable, anti-freezing and conductive organohydrogels with potential applications in multifunctional and wearable electronics.
Are Character Strengths and Attitudes towards Vegetarian Food Related?
Authors: Jansen Petra , Rahe Martina , Hoja Sabine , Jost Leonardo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One aspect of sustainable consumption behavior is the shift to a vegetarian diet. This study investigates if individual factors, like character strengths, are related to attitudes toward vegetarian food. Additionally, the study examines potential variations in character strengths between vegetarians/vegans and omnivores, as well as whether there are differences in explicit and implicit affective attitudes towards vegetarian and meat-based diets. A total of 210 participants filled out a demographic questionnaire, a scale measuring character strength, an explicit rating task, and an affective priming task that involved images of both vegetarian and meat-based food. The results showed that there was no difference in the explicit and implicit rating of meat-based food compared to vegetarian food for omnivore people. Vegetarians/vegans rated vegetarian food explicitly and implicitly more positively than meat-based food. Only the four character strengths of prudence, appreciation of beauty and excellence, humor, and teamwork, besides the diet type (vegetarians/vegans vs. omnivores), predicted the explicit attitudes toward vegetarian food. Vegetarians/vegans and omnivores only differed in the character strengths of love of learning and forgiveness. This study provides evidence that the explicit and implicit attitudes towards vegetarian food are concordant for vegetarians and vegans with their diet choice. Furthermore, the relationship between character strengths and explicit attitudes toward vegetarian food is weak, which hints that those individual transformative qualities (Woiwode et al., 2021) toward sustainable attitude and behavior should be investigated carefully and in-depth.
INFINITE SERIES CONCERNING HARMONIC NUMBERS AND QUINTIC CENTRAL BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS
Authors: LI CHUNLI , CHU WENCHANG 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy examining two hypergeometric series transformations, we establish several remarkable infinite series identities involving harmonic numbers and quintic central binomial coefficients, including five conjectured recently by Z.-W. Sun [‘Series with summands involving harmonic numbers’, Preprint, 2023, arXiv:2210.07238v7]. This is realised by ‘the coefficient extraction method’ implemented byMathematicacommands.
A Case of Multiple Identities: Uncanny Histories of the Arabic Typewriter
Authors: Scott Deuchar Hannah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLittle is known today about the Arabic typewriter. American typewriters revolutionized clerical labor and became literary icons, but the Arabic typewriter is largely absent from scholarship and popular culture. Only one story about it recurs, namely that of its origins. It was reportedly invented multiple times: in 1890s Beirut by, among others, a portrait painter named Salim Haddad; in 1900s Vienna by Theodor Herzl, founding father of political Zionism; and in 1940s Cairo by Wadie Said, father of the pioneering postcolonial theorist Edward Said. Bringing three competing accounts of the machine's invention together, I find that in each the Arabic typewriter was turned to very different purposes. Consistently, however, it was co-opted into intensifying struggles over territory and language. Repeatedly, it exceeded its representations, unsettling the narratives into which it was written and provoking a sense of strangeness, even unease. And across the accounts, diverse names and places reappear: New York, Palestine, Sherlock Holmes. Taking seriously the doublings and coincidences that connect the typewriter's origin-stories, I ask finally whether they might alert us to the possibility of another mode of cultural history—one that is itself uncanny and estranged.
Activation of distinct inflammatory pathways in subgroups of LR-MDS
Authors: Schneider Marie , Rolfs Clara , Trumpp Matthias , Winter Susann , Fischer Luise , Richter Mandy , Menger Victoria , Nenoff Kolja , Grieb Nora , Metzeler Klaus H. , Kubasch Anne Sophie , Sockel Katja , Thiede Christian , Wu Jincheng , Woo Janghee , Brüderle Andreas , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Lützner Jörg , Roth Andreas , Cross Michael , Platzbecker Uwe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAberrant innate immune signaling has been identified as a potential key driver of the complex pathophysiology of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). This study of a large, clinically and genetically well-characterized cohort of treatment-naïve MDS patients confirms intrinsic activation of inflammatory pathways in general mediated by caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in low-risk (LR)-MDS bone marrow and reveals a previously unrecognized heterogeneity of inflammation between genetically defined LR-MDS subgroups. Principal component analysis resolved two LR-MDS phenotypes with low (cluster 1) and high (cluster 2) levels of IL1B gene expression, respectively. Cluster 1 contained 14/17 SF3B1-mutated cases, while cluster 2 contained 8/8 del(5q) cases. Targeted gene expression analysis of sorted cell populations showed that the majority of the inflammasome-related genes, including IL1B, were primarily expressed in the monocyte compartment, consistent with a dominant role in determining the inflammatory bone marrow environment. However, the highest levels of IL18 expression were found in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The colony forming activity of healthy donor HSPCs exposed to monocytes from LR-MDS was increased by the IL-1β-neutralizing antibody canakinumab. This work reveals distinct inflammatory profiles in LR-MDS that are of likely relevance to the personalization of emerging anti-inflammatory therapies.
Activation of invasion by oncogenic reprogramming of cholesterol metabolism via increased NPC1 expression and macropinocytosis
Authors: Skorda Aikaterini , Lauridsen Anna Røssberg , Wu Chengnan , Huang Jinrong , Mrackova Monika , Winther Nuggi Ingholt , Jank Vanessa , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Strauss Robert , Bilgin Mesut , Maeda Kenji , Liu Bin , Luo Yonglun , Jäättelä Marja , Kallunki Tuula 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCancer cells are dependent on cholesterol, and they possess strictly controlled cholesterol homeostasis mechanisms. These allow them to smoothly switch between cholesterol synthesis and uptake to fulfill their needs and to adapt environmental changes. Here we describe a mechanism of how cancer cells employ oncogenic growth factor signaling to promote uptake and utilization of extracellular cholesterol via Myeloid Zinc Finger 1 (MZF1)-mediated Niemann Pick C1 (NPC1) expression and upregulated macropinocytosis. Expression of p95ErbB2, highly oncogenic, standard-treatment resistant form of ErbB2 mobilizes lysosomes and activates EGFR, invasion and macropinocytosis. This is connected to a metabolic shift from cholesterol synthesis to uptake due to macropinocytosis-enabled flow of extracellular cholesterol. NPC1 increase facilitates extracellular cholesterol uptake and is necessary for the invasion of ErbB2 expressing breast cancer spheroids and ovarian cancer organoids, indicating a regulatory role for NPC1 in the process. The ability to obtain cholesterol as a byproduct of increased macropinocytosis allows cancer cells to direct the resources needed for the energy-consuming cholesterol synthesis towards other activities such as invasion. These results demonstrate that macropinocytosis is not only an alternative energy source for cancer cells but also an efficient way to provide building material, such as cholesterol, for its macromolecules and membranes.