bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Age on Reading Abilities in Egyptian Children with Unilateral Cochlear Implant
Authors: Taha Shereen Alaa EL-Din Taha , EL-Din Hafez Nirvana Gamal , Hassan Elham Magdy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Reading problems means difficulty in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols. Children with cochlear implants generally suffer from reading problems which have been partly attributed to underlying deficit in phonological awareness. Chronological age represents important factor that affects their reading abilities.

Aim of the Work
This work aims to assess reading abilities in cochlear implant school children in order to highlight their reading problem profile, as to consider such problems in earlier years of life. This would subsequently solve their expected academic delay.

Subjects and Methods
This study was applied on 30 Egyptian Arabic-speaking children with unilateral cochlear implant in the age range between 5 to 11 years old. All of them underwent audiological evaluation, psychometric evaluation, Phonological Awareness Test, and Arabic Reading Screening Test (ARST).

Results
Analysis of the results of the participated children to the phonological awareness test and Arabic reading screening test, revealed that the majority of the studied patients were below the 5th percentile in all sub items of both tests. This indicates that cochlear implanted children have reading problems. There is positive correlation between most of subitems of both tests and chronological age of children.

Conclusion and recommendation
Cochlear implanted children had poor scores in phonological awareness test and Arabic reading screening test, their reading abilities were extremely impaired. Chronological age may be considered a factor that affects this relation. This higher susceptibility to reading problems as well as the importance of reading for their academic careers should be considered in their rehabilitation plan.
Rivaroxaban versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Treatment of Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Mahrouse Mahmoud Ali , El-Mallah Said Ibrahim , Greida Hisham Abu , Othman Nahla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to examine the use of low molecular weight heparin, warfarin, and rivaroxban in the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis.

Background
A blood clot stops the passage of blood via vein, usually in the legs, causing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Clots can detach and obstruct blood flow to the pulmonary, which can be deadly (pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methodology
This prospective study included 250 Patients with acute deep vein thrombosis 20 patients died (9 died due to Pulmonary embolism 1 died due to bleeding – 10 died due to myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiac aresst) during study, 30 patients lack of follow up. 100 Patients are subjected to low molecular weight heparin followed by warfarin and the other 100 subjected to rivaroxban. During the period of the study from Mars 2017 to July 2019 at emergency department in Menofia university.

Results
The total number of Patient selected for the tests was 200 Patient. The main age was 39 and the Minimum of age was 20 year and the maximum age are 55 year. the disruption of sex are not show any concentration in any groups, the mean BMI in Warfarin Group and Rivaroxban Group are the same with no significant, the age groups shows no statistically significant of data.

Conclusion
According to this study Warfarin need long term monitoring, Rivaroxaban does not require laboratory surveillance, which makes treatment easier, and there are no medication or dietary interactions with Rivaroxaban.
Breast Conserving Surgery versus Mastectomy: Overall and Relative Survival – A Population Based Study by Ain Shams University Hospital
Authors: Helmy Mohamed Ahmed , Shehab Mohamed , El Din Osman Ahmed Gamal , Talaat Mahmoud , Taha Mohamed Hassan Ali Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and is a major contributor to cancer mortality in women. Breast cancer is treated with a multidisciplinary approach involving surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and medical oncology, which has been associated with a reduction in breast cancer.

Aim of the Work
The aim is to compare the outcome of Ain Shams university hospitals patients treated by mastectomy and BCS. The comparison takes the available prognostic variables into a multivariate analysis and includes an intention to treat analysis.

Patients and Methods
We randomized 20 patients in a retrospective cohort study who received either modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery in period 2019-2020. We compared the outcome of patients after 1-2 year as regard post-operative hospital stay, time of Redivac drain removal, development of post-operative seroma, wound infection, wound hematoma, wound dehiscence, development of ugly scar with evaluation of recurrence be clinical examination and ultrasound follow up and take in consideration the type of adjuvant therapy that has been taken.

Results
We found that there's no significance between Modified radical mastectomy and conservative breast surgery according to recurrence, post-operative adjuvant therapy and hospital stay with small significance according to post-operative wound healing, seroma, hematoma, infection, wound dehiscence with better outcome to the conservative breast surgery. We found also high significance between the two invasive procedures according to the patient satisfaction with high satisfaction to the conservative breast surgery mostly due to the preservation of the breast and less wound complications

Conclusion
Both Breast cancer invasive procedures as regard mastectomy and conservative breast surgery have the same results according to recurrence, hospital stay and adjuvant therapy. Conservative breast surgery is better than mastectomy when indicated as regard wound complications and preservation of the breast tissue which increase patient satisfaction towards it.
Another Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome (CDS) in an Egyptian Patient
Authors: Gamal Radwa , Elsayed Solaf M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive syndrome caused by mutation in ABHD5 a cofactor for adipose triglyceride lipase resulting in intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol in various body tissues. Several patients were previously reported from Egypt and middle East but still the diagnosis is missed for several years. Here we report another case with this syndrome and describe his journey to diagnosis.

Case report
A 4.4 year old boy, the fifth in order of birth of first cousin Egyptian parents presented to the Genetics Clinic because of abnormal scaling all over the body since birth. On examination, he had short stature, hepatomegaly, and generalized ichthyosis. His chest, heart and neurological examination showed no abnormalities. Ocular examination revealed refractive errors. Audiometry revealed hearing loss. Peripheral blood smear examination demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuoles within the neutrophils (Jordans bodies ) confirming the diagnosis of CDS.
He had family history of sibling death at age of 2 day with extensive scaling overall the body.

Conclusion
CDS should be suspected in patients with congenital ichthyosis and hepatomegaly. Diagnosis is simple using blood smear to find Jordans bodies.
The Possible Protective Role of Propolis on a Model of Restraint Stress in Rat Spleen Histological & Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Sayed Aya Salah El , Shawarby Amany Mohamed El , El Sebay Sara Abdel gawad , Hegazi Mohamed Ahmed Abdou 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Stress is a generic term that summarizes how psychosocial and environmental factors influence physical and mental well-being. The effects of stress on the immune system are complex and depend on the nature and duration of stress. Recently, the attention of researchers has been attracted to the use of propolis in many therapeutic fields including protection of the body from the effect of stress.

Aim of the Work
To study the effect of immobilization stress on the structure of spleen of restrained rats and the protective role of propolis.

Materials and methods
Thirty-two male rats (6-8) weeks old were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided to 4 groups, as follows: Group I (Control group), Group II in which rats were treated daily with propolis (3 g/kg) by gavage for 10 days. Group III (stress group): in which rats were subjected to restraint stress test 2 h/day for 10 days. Group IV (stress group with propolis): in which rats underwent the restraint stress test as in group III and were treated daily with propolis (3 g/kg) one hour before the start of the immobilization. At the end of experiment all animals were sacrificed; spleen specimens were collected from all rats and were subjected to microscopic &immunohistochemical studies. Histomorphometry study and statistical analysis were also done.

Results
Compared to group I, some specimens of group III showed atrophy of spleen with significance decrease in surface area of PALS & CD3 +ve cells immune reaction. These results were accompanied by significant decrease in surface area of the follicle with apparent decrease in CD20 +ve B lymphocytes immune reactivity. Moreover, apparent increase in CD68 immune reactivity in white pulp was recorded. Other specimens revaled thickened fibrosed splenic capsule and septa, widening and congestion of splenic sinusoid and prominent hemosiderin laden macrophage.
Meanwhile group IV showed general improvement in spleen architecture with daily propolis intake.

Conclusion
Propolis is effective as a protective measure against the effect of restrained stress on spleen in adult rats.
The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma versus MSCs Derived Exosomes on the Healing of Burn Injury in Albino Rat: Histological Study
Authors: Elshawarby Amany Mohamed , Elsebay Sara Abdel Gawad , Hegazy Mohamed Ahmed Abdou , Naser Mai Mostafa Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The clinical treatment of skin loss due to severe and massive burns or wounds continues to be a major problem in surgical procedures. Although different kinds of dressings and therapies have been developed, but most of them are expensive. Therefore, new strategies are needed to promote and help in wound healing and repair. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes help tissue repair because of high stability, non immune rejection and easy control of dosage and concentration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of platelets in concentrated plasma. It has been used to promote soft and hard tissue healing.

Aim
to compare the effect of MSCs derived exosomes versus PRP on the promotion of healing of experimentally induced second degree partial thickness burn injury in adult male albino rats.

Methods
The thirty-two adult male albino rats were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group I (control). Group II (burn injury group) that will be left for spontaneous healing. Group III (burn injury treated with PRP intradermal injection). Group IV (burn injury treated with intradermal MSCs derived exosome). All the animals were sacrificed at 7th day (subgroup a) and 21th day (subgroup b). The skin biopsies will be taken and processed for light microscope examination.

Results
H&E stained section of untreated burn (subgroup IIa) showed coagulative necrosis in epidermis and papillary layer of the dermis. Sign of epithelial migration from the edge of the wound appeared. In Subgroup IIb the surface of the wound was covered by an eschar that converted partial thickness into complete thickness. This resulted in formation of granulation tissue in the dermis. In Subgroup IIIa showed the formation of thin layer of epidermis containing undifferentiated keratinocytes. The underlying dermis contained collagen fibers and beginning of new hair follicles formation. Some specimens in Subgroup IIIb revealed thin epidermis with incomplete differentiation of keratinocytes. Numerous hair follicles were detected in the dermis. However some specimens showed thickened epidermis with presence of rete ridges. The dermis showed few irregularly distributed collagen fibers in granulation tissue with absence of skin appendages. In exosome treated group (subgroup IVa) showed thin epidermis with well differentiated keratinocytes. The dermis contained collagen fibers with absence of skin appendages. Subgroup IVb was more or less similar to the control group.

Conclusion
The current study revealed that burn treated exosomes group was better than PRP treated group. In addition PRP treated group revealed hyperplastic changes in epidermis with delay in remodeling phase of burn healing.
The Significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker of COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: El- Shinnawy Howayda Abdel-Hamid , Shawky Sahar Mahmoud , Abdel-Samea Marwa Shaaban , Rady Aliaa Osama Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
One of the emerging -rapidly spreading- leading causes of pneumonia worldwide is a novel Corona virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019. (COVID 19). ESRD patients are at high risk for COVID 19 associated morbidity and mortality.

Aim
To determine the significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as an inflammatory marker of COVID 19 in ESRD patients.

Patients and Methods
This is a prospective cohort study conducted on 84 ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis, receiving their treatment at Ain Shams University Hospitals from February 2021 till the end of July 2021. The study population was divided into 2 groups: Group 1: 42 ESRD patients who tested positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARSCoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swab samples or by typical COVID 19 radiological images on thoracic computed tomography scan. Group 2: 42 ESRD patients who tested negative by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2 on nasopharyngeal swab samples or by normal images on thoracic computed tomography scan.

Results
Our data revealed that a higher level of NLR in COVID 19 group with a cut off value of 5.26. NLR was the most specific (95.24%) and sensitive (76.19%) predictor of COVID 19 among other hematological parameters. Also, NLR has a significant positive correlation with the mortality of the COVID group. Compared to the lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, NLR alone was positively correlated with the CRP in the COVID group. Our data stated that the use of anticoagulation and antiviral significantly improved the outcome of the COVID 19 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Our study showed that COVID 19 ESRD patients had a significantly higher D dimer, LDH, CRP and hyperferritinemia than the non- COVID 19 ESRD patients. The COVID group in our study had significant hypoalbuminemia, anemia and reduced urea reduction rate (URR).

Conclusion
NLR, neutrophilia and lymphopenia are considered predictors of COVID 19 disease in ESRD patients. However, NLR has the highest sensitivity and specificity. Higher levels of NLR were attributed to higher mortality in ESRD patients with COVID 19 disease.
Nail Folds Capillaries Abnormalities Association with Type 2 Diabetes Progression and Correlation with Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Hafez Eman A , Morshedy Nashwa A , Abd EL-Khalik Dina M , Mostafa Asmaa E E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Retinopathy is regarded one of the most important complications of diabetes that occurs after long duration of the disease with untight glycemic control, and it is regarded as one of the preventable causes of blindness so proper evaluation of diabetic patients and their complications can prevent blindness.

Aim of the Work
to assess the capillaroscopic changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and correlate the findings to the microvascular complication of the retina (diabetic retinopathy).

Patients and Methods
Our study was conducted on 62 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (16 male, 46 female) their ages above 18 years lies between (36-66) years. All patients were subjected to full history taking and thorough clinical examination.

Results
Nailfold capillaroscopy imaging revealed that 31 patients with positive capillaroscopic findings had branched and tortuous capillaries, 34 patients had hemorrhage,5 patients with dilated apical capillary, 46 patients had elongated capillaries,16 with normal capillary length and 48 patients with dilated capillary width capillary. Fundus examination revealed 26 patients with DR and 36 patients nonDR. Our study reported that DR patients had higher duration of diabetes more than non-DR patients. Also, DR patients showed higher levels of HbA1c more than the non-DR patients. Patients with diabetic retinopathy show high percentages of tortuous, branched capillaries. 46.2% of the DR patients had precapillary edema verses 19.4% of the non-DR patients. The mean capillary width in the DR group of patients was 27.68 ± 5.7 verses 23.02 ± 3.29 in the non-DR patients which indicate that patients with DR had more wide capillaries than the non-DR patients. Higher fasting glucose levels were detected in the DR patients than the non-DR patients. Branched, tortuous capillaries, hemorrhage and dilated apical capillaries are documented in the patients with higher median diabetic years 15-20 years in the DR group of patients. Tortuosity, precapillary edema and dilated apical capillaries are positive in patients with higher median diabetic years. (24) patients documented to have DR with HbA1c ≥7% and only 2 DR patients with HbA1c &lt;7. (29) patients had tortuous capillaries with HbA1c ≥7 verses 2 patients had tortuous capillaries with HbA1c &lt;7. Also, (19) patients had precapillary edema in HbA1c ≥7 group while (0) patient had precapillary edema in the HbA1c &lt;7 group. Capillary width and branched capillaries are found to be a predictor of diabetic retinopathy in multivariant analysis.

Conclusion
nailfold capillaroscopy is regarded a helpful noninvasive newly emerging tool to assess the capillaroscopic changes in diabetic patients as an indicator to diabetic complication development such as diabetic retinopathy.
The Relation between Vitamin D Status and Anemia in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Regular Hemodialysis
Authors: Nour el Din Afifi Essam , Abdulkhalek Essam Eldin Rashad Saeed , Tawfeek Ahmed Mohamed , Khedr Lina Essam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Anemia is a common complication in end stage renal disease patients on regular hemodialysis (HD). several factors are linked to the pathogenesis of anemia in this population. There has been a lot of interest in the non-classical effects of vitamin D, including its association with erythropoiesis and anemia pathogenesis.

Objectives
To establish whether there is an association between anemia and the status of 25 OH (Hydroxy) vitamin D level in dialysis patients

Methods
This study is a cross sectional study that enrolled 90 patients on regular hemodialysis. Laboratory tests included Serum calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH) vitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, Hemoglobin level, ferritin level, serum iron, total iron binding capacity and calculation of transferrin saturation. 25(OH) vitamin D level was measured by ELISA (Calbiotech. USA, REF: VD2208. Vitamin D status was classified into deficient (&lt; 20 ng/ml), insufficient (20-30 ng/ml) and sufficient (&gt;30 ng/ml).

Results
The level of Vitamin D measured in the patients ranged between 3.5 to 66 ng/ml with median 16.35 (8 – 34). 24 patients had vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D levels &lt; 20 ng/dl), Patients with insufficient levels (vitamin D levels 20-30 ng/dl) were 32 patients, while patients with sufficient (&gt; 30 ng/dl) levels were 34 patients. there were no statistically significant relations between vitamin D levels and the gender of the patients (p = 0.536), their age (p = 0.973), duration of HD (p = 0.600), Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.064) and hypertension (p = 0.249). There were statistically significant positive correlations between Vitamin D levels and the level of hemoglobin of the patients (P = 0.000), serum calcium levels (P = 0.000) and serum PO4 levels (P = 0.023). However, significant negative correlation between Vitamin D levels and serum iPTH levels (p = 0.000), serum iron (p = 0.019) and Transferrin saturation (%) (p = 0.012). Using Spearman correlation coefficient, there were highly significant positive correlations between vitamin D3 levels in all patients and both hemoglobin levels (p = 0.000) and serum calcium levels (p = 0.000). Meanwhile, there were highly significant negative correlations between vitamin D3 levels in all patients and serum iPTH levels (p = 0.000) and T.SAT of the patients (p = 0.003).

Conclusion
There was a significant association between the status of vitamin D and the level of hemoglobin in dialysis population who were studied, other associations with hemoglobin levels included PTH level and calcium.
Fibro-scan Based Score and Novel Noninvasive Serum Marker, FGF-21, to Assess Liver Fibrosis in Morbidly Obese Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Shawky Amal , Ashraf Ossama , Fahim Heba Ahmed , Henin Marian Talaat Mansour 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world, affecting up to 20-30% of the general adult population. It is a growing public health problem, because of the increasing prevalence of the pathologies that contribute to its development such as obesity and inflammation status.

Aim of the Work
This prospective cohort study aims to develop and validate noninvasive scoring system for assessment liver fibrosis in morbidly obese patients with NAFLD.

Subjects and Methods
This is a Prospective cohort study, was carried out on 50 morbidly obese patients selected from endocrinology department, AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY, through a period of six months.

Results
The main results of the study revealed that: There were 32(64.0%) male and 18(36.0%) female with mean age 40.48 (± 12.16) SD. There were 14(28.0%) between (20 -30), 11(22.0%) between (30-40), 9(18.0%) between (40-50) and 16(32.0%) ≥50. Mean Weight (Kg) was 106.6 (± 13.31) SD with range (82.50 – 145.5), mean Height (Cm) was 171.7 (± 6.25) SD with range (158.0 – 185.0), mean BMI (Kg/m2) was 36.17 (± 4.15) SD with range (29.30 – 43.40), mean Waist circumference 113.1 (± 8.64) SD with range (92.0 – 129.0). There were 37(74.0%) with Comorbidity. 10(20.0%) have DM, 11(22.0%) have HTN, 11(22.0%) have CDK and 5(10.0%) have COPD. mean Hb was 12.24 with range (11.0 – 13.50), mean Plts was 193.2 with range (151.0 – 250.0), mean WBCs with range (4.70 – 8.20), mean AST was 85.20 with range (21.0 – 210.0), mean ALT was 86.64 with range (15.0 – 212.0), mean Cholesterol was 181.4 with range (122.0 – 248.0), mean Triglycerides was 156.3 with range (12.0 – 294.0), mean LDL was 119.1 with range (61.0 – 193.0), mean HDL was 61.32 with range (23.0 – 96.0), mean GGT (U/l) was 18.22 with range (7.0 – 33.0), mean HBA1C was 5.72 with range (4.70 – 9.30), mean Fasting blood sugar was 101.8 with range (81.0 – 155.0) and mean Uric acid was 6.23 with range (4.0 – 10.10). Regarding ultrasound outcome there were 33(66.0%) have Gallbladder wall blurring, 34(68.0%) have Portal vein wall blurring, 42(84.0%) have Hepatic vein blurring and 50 (100.0%) have fatty liver. Regarding fibrosis grade there were 12(24.0%) F1, 17(34.0%) F2, 18(36.0%) F3 and 3(6.0%) F4.

Conclusion
That the combination of Fibroscan and, APRI, FGF-21 and FIB-4 methods provides a valuable approach for assessing liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients. This can eliminate the need for liver biopsy in patients without clear indication. In addition, several recent studies have also validated the used of non-invasive markers in the diagnosis of NAFLD. The establishment of a national program for the recognition of NAFLD is therefore essential to reduce the risk of liver disease progression.