bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The formation mechanism of Cd–S–Se quantum dots with CdSe/CdS core–shell structure within silicate glass
Authors: Han Karam , Nam Yoon Hee , Kim Seon Hoon , Choi Ju Hyeon , Liu Chao , Chung Woon Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe formation mechanism of Cd–S–Se quantum dots (QDs) with a CdS/CdSe core–shell structure within a silicate glass system was investigated by monitoring the change in the first excitonic absorption peak of CdSe, CdS, and Cd–S–Se QDs as a function of the heat‐treatment (HT) duration. When a silicate glass containing QD formation components for CdSe or CdS single‐phased QDs was heat‐treated, CdSe QDs grew via Ostwald ripening, whereas CdS QDs hardly formed within the given silicate glass matrix. When the glass, including CdO, ZnSe, and ZnS, was utilized for the synthesis of Cd–S–Se QDs within the glass matrix, Cd–S–Se QDs were successfully formed and exhibited similar growth behavior to CdSe QDs during the initial stage of HT. The structural changes in the QD‐embedded glasses during HT were also monitored by Raman spectroscopy and discussed, and a possible formation mechanism of CdSe/CdS core–shell‐structured QDs within silicate glasses is suggested.
The impact of treatment preferences: A narrative review
Authors: Sidani Souraya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAttending to treatment preferences is an element of person‐centred care, reported as beneficial in improving treatment adherence, satisfaction, and outcome, in practice. The results of preference trials were inconsistent in supporting these benefits in intervention evaluation research. Informed by the conceptualisation of treatment preferences positing their indirect impact on outcomes, this narrative review aimed to summarise the evidence on the effects of preferences on enrolment; withdrawal or attrition; engagement, enactment, and satisfaction with treatment; and outcomes. The search yielded 72 studies (57 primary trials and 15 reviews). The results of vote counting indicated that (1) offering participants the opportunity to choose treatment enhances enrolment (reported in 87.5% of studies), and (2) providing treatments that match participants' preferences reduces attrition (48%); enhances engagement (67%), enactment (50%) and satisfaction with (43%) treatment; and improves outcomes (35%). The results are attributed to conceptual and methodological issues including less‐than‐optimal assessment of treatment preferences, which contributes to ill‐identified preferences, accounting for withdrawal, low enactment, and limited satisfaction with treatment. These treatment processes, in turn, mediate the impact of treatment preferences on outcomes. It is important to refine and standardise the methods for assessing preferences and to examine their indirect impact (mediated by treatment processes) on outcomes in future preference trials to validly identify their benefits.
Readiness assessment in flood risk management and climate adaptation: A mechanism for social innovation?
Authors: Kelly Rhys , Kelly Ute 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the development and initial trials of a readiness assessment methodology intended to support more informed, ethical and effective processes of project development and stakeholder engagement within an evolving and increasingly challenging context of Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management (FCERM) in England and Wales. In particular, it considers how and to what extent this approach to readiness assessment can be considered an example of social innovation. Drawing on scholarship about social innovation, the paper also considers challenges within the design and implementation of readiness assessment processes. In turn, this supports an exploration of obstacles to and limitations of social innovation, particularly in the context of far‐reaching social‐ecological change.
Gain and loss spirals: Reciprocal relationships between resources and job insecurity
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Xu Xiaohong , Zubielevitch Elena , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on gain and loss spiral principles from Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we examined change‐related reciprocal relations between three key resources (i.e. self‐esteem, sense of belonging and perceived social support) and job insecurity. We adopted a latent change score (LCS) approach and examined the loss and gain spirals with a seven‐wave longitudinal dataset from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (N = 6518). The LCS models indicated that: (1) self‐esteem predicts decreased job insecurity, but not vice versa, (2) sense of belonging predicts decreased job insecurity, but not vice versa and (3) there is a change‐related reciprocal relationship between perceived social support and job insecurity. Inconsistent with the primacy of resource loss proposed by COR theory, we also confirm that the effects of self‐esteem, sense of belonging and perceived social support on changes in job insecurity (i.e., gain spirals) are stronger than the effects of job insecurity on changes in these three resources (i.e., loss spirals). These findings provide a cautionary note to previous research based on cross‐sectional or lagged designs and using regression or (traditional or random intercept) cross‐lagged analyses. By taking a resource perspective, our research provides an impetus for understanding change‐related reciprocal relations between resources and job insecurity.
Image‐based evaluation of beers at an online Pint of Science festival using projective mapping, check‐all‐that‐apply, and acceptability
Authors: Orden David , Fernández‐Fernández Encarnación , Tejedor‐Romero Marino 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA total of n = 67 untrained attendants at an outreach science festival, online because of the COVID‐19 pandemic but usually held at bars, used pictures of the brand logos to evaluate eight beers among the most commonly consumed in Spain. Projective mapping, acceptability and check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) were used, in all cases leading to a clear picture of the consumers' opinion. For projective mapping the panel provided four clear groups, the first dimension replicating the acceptability outcome and the second dimension separating the national beers from the foreign one. For CATA the panel differentiated beers on the basis of 8 of the 10 attributes considered. The best‐ and worst‐rated beers in acceptability were associated, respectively, with positive and negative emotions from CATA, the worst‐rated one being the only beer of type Pilsener and the one with the least alcohol.Practical ApplicationsNot many works combined the use of projective mapping, check‐all‐that‐apply, and acceptability. This study contributes to a better understanding of how those three techniques complement each other to shed light on the consumers' preference about commercial beers, based on images of their logos. The results obtained would be helpful for beer manufacturers in order to interpret the perception of commercial beers in a large market like Spain. Furthermore, this study shows the appropriateness of two‐way feedback between research and outreach activities.
Disrupted white matter integrity in primary insomnia and major depressive disorder: relationships to sleep quality and depression severity
Authors: Benson Kathleen L. , Winkelman John W. , Gönenç Atilla 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis study examined the integrity of white matter tracts in 25 participants with primary insomnia (PI), 50 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 25 healthy controls. Seven white matter tracts, selected based on prior research, were quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA) as well as by related measures of diffusivity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on a 3‐T scanner. All 100 participants were free of significant medical, psychiatric (excluding the MDD group) and sleep disorders (excluding the PI group), were free of central nervous system medications, and completed an extensive clinical assessment. Subjective and objective sleep measures revealed significant sleep disruption in both the PI and MDD groups. Relative to the controls, both the PI and MDD groups demonstrated impaired integrity in three of the seven white matter tracts: the genu of the corpus callosum (GenuCC), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). We demonstrated reduced FA in the GenuCC, reduced FA and reduced axial diffusivity (AD) in the SLF, as well as reduced AD and radial diffusivity in the ILF. Finally, in an exploratory analysis of the combined cohorts, FA in the GenuCC and FA in the SLF were negatively correlated with depression severity and positively correlated with total sleep time. Abnormalities documented in the GenuCC, SLF and ILF, and present in both the PI and MDD groups may suggest some shared neurobiology.
Equilibrium investment with random risk aversion
Authors: Desmettre Sascha , Steffensen Mogens 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe solve the problem of an investor who maximizes utility but faces random preferences. We propose a problem formulation based on expected certainty equivalents. We tackle the time‐consistency issues arising from that formulation by applying the equilibrium theory approach. To this end, we provide the proper definitions and prove a rigorous verification theorem. We complete the calculations for the cases of power and exponential utility. For power utility, we illustrate in a numerical example that the equilibrium stock proportion is independent of wealth, but decreasing in time, which we also supplement by a theoretical discussion. For exponential utility, the usual constant absolute risk aversion is replaced by its expectation.
How an overlooked gene in coenzyme a synthesis solved an enzyme mechanism predicament
Authors: Cronan John E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor throughout biology. The first committed step in the CoA synthetic pathway is synthesis of β‐alanine from aspartate. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica panD encodes the responsible enzyme, aspartate‐1‐decarboxylase, as a proenzyme. To become active, the E. coli and S. enterica PanD proenzymes must undergo an autocatalytic cleavage to form the pyruvyl cofactor that catalyzes decarboxylation. A problem was that the autocatalytic cleavage was too slow to support growth. A long‐neglected gene (now called panZ) was belatedly found to encode the protein that increases autocatalytic cleavage of the PanD proenzyme to a physiologically relevant rate. PanZ must bind CoA or acetyl‐CoA to interact with the PanD proenzyme and accelerate cleavage. The CoA/acetyl‐CoA dependence has led to proposals that the PanD‐PanZ CoA/acetyl‐CoA interaction regulates CoA synthesis. Unfortunately, regulation of β‐alanine synthesis is very weak or absent. However, the PanD‐PanZ interaction provides an explanation for the toxicity of the CoA anti‐metabolite, N5‐pentyl pantothenamide.
High‐efficiency prime editing enables new strategies for broad‐spectrum resistance to bacterial blight of rice
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Liu Bo , Chen Qi‐Jun , Yang Bing 
Published: May 2023

SummaryUsing genetic resistance against bacterial blight (BB) caused byXanthomonas oryzaepathovaroryzae(Xoo) is a major objective in rice breeding programmes. Prime editing (PE) has the potential to create novel germplasm againstXoo. Here, we use an improved prime‐editing system to implement two new strategies for BB resistance. Knock‐in of TAL effector binding elements (EBE) derived from the BB susceptible geneSWEET14into the promoter of a dysfunctional executorRgenexa23reaches 47.2% with desired edits including biallelic editing at 18% in T0generation that enables an inducible TALE‐dependent BB resistance. Editing the transcription factor TFIIA geneTFIIAγ5required for TAL effector‐dependent BB susceptibility recapitulates the resistance ofxa5at an editing efficiency of 88.5% with biallelic editing rate of 30% in T0generation. The engineered loci provided resistance against multipleXoostrains in T1generation. Whole‐genome sequencing detected noOsMLH1dn‐associated random mutations and no off‐target editing demonstrating high specificity of this PE system. This is the first‐ever report to use PE system to engineer resistance against biotic stress and to demonstrate knock‐in of 30‐nucleotides cis‐regulatory element at high efficiency. The new strategies hold promises to fend rice off the evolvingXoostrains and protect it from epidemics.
HUMAN UNIQUENESS: DEBATES IN SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY
Authors: Priest Eric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn both science and theology, there has been a revolution in our understanding of the nature of human uniqueness. As a background to this Symposium on the subject, a summary is here given of the history of Homo sapiens that is being revealed by fossil, archaeological, and genetic evidence. This is followed by a description of some of the distinctive characteristics of humans that have been proposed in the past, such as language, tool use, self‐consciousness, art, and culture. Ideas from theology and philosophy that are salient for the dialogue with science are then mentioned, together with a summary of the scientific and theological insights on uniqueness from contributors to this Symposium in Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science.
Garnet crystallization does not drive oxidation at arcs
Authors: Holycross Megan , Cottrell Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

Arc magmas, the building blocks of continental crust, are depleted in total iron (Fe), have higher ratios of oxidized Fe to total Fe (Fe
3+
/∑Fe), and record higher oxygen fugacities (
f
O
2
’s) compared with magmas erupted at mid-ocean ridges. Garnet crystallization could explain these observations if garnet removes substantial amounts of Fe
2+
, but not Fe
3+
, from magma, yet this model for continental crust generation has never been tested experimentally. Analysis of garnets and melts in laboratory experiments show that the compatibilities of Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
in garnet are of similar magnitudes. Our results indicate that fractional crystallization of garnet-bearing cumulates will remove 22	% of total Fe from primary arc basalts but negligibly alter the Fe
3+
/∑Fe ratio and
f
O
2
of the melt. Garnet crystallization is unlikely to be responsible for the relatively oxidized nature of basaltic arc magmas or the Fe-depletion trend observed in continental crust.
UK ERCP sedation practices, patient comfort and endoscopist characteristics: National Endoscopy Database (NED) analysis on behalf of the JAG and BSG
Authors: Beaton David , Rutter Matt , Sharp Linda , Oppong Kofi W , Awadelkarim Bidour , Everett Simon M , Mitra Vikramjit 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThis analysis assessed current endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) practice within the UK, including use of sedation and patient comfort.MethodsERCPs conducted over 1 year (1 July 2021–30 June 2022) and uploaded to the National Endoscopy Database (NED) were analysed. The endoscopist workforce was classified by gender and specialty, use of sedation was analysed. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between patient age, gender and procedure indications on moderate to severe discomfort risk.Results27 812 ERCPs were performed by 491 endoscopists in 175 sites and uploaded to NED, an estimated 50% of total UK activity. 13% were training procedures, 94% of the endoscopists were male, with 72% being gastroenterologists. Most ERCPs were performed under conscious sedation (89%). The discomfort rate among patients aged 60–90 undergoing ERCP under conscious sedation was 4.2% (95% CI 3.9% to 4.5%), with only 5.5% (95% CI 5.2% to 5.9%) receiving greater than 5 mg midazolam or 100 µg fentanyl.Younger patients (<30 years) had a higher discomfort risk during conscious sedation ERCPs than those aged 70–79 (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.3, p<0.05), while male patients had a lower discomfort risk compared with females (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.0, p=0.05).Enhanced sedation (propofol or general anaesthetic) was associated with lower frequency of discomfort (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) compared with conscious sedation (5.1%, 95% CI 4.9% to 5.4%, p<0.05).ConclusionsConscious sedation is well tolerated for most patients and prescribing practices have improved. However, triage of more patients, particularly young females, to enhanced sedation lists should be considered to reduce discomfort rates in future.
Flavor exotic triply-heavy tetraquark states in AdS/QCD potential
Authors: Mutuk Halil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the S-wave mass spectra of flavor exotic triply-heavy tetraquark states $$cc\bar{c}\bar{q}$$

c
c

c

¯

q

¯

, $$cc\bar{b}\bar{q}$$

c
c

b

¯

q

¯

, $$bb\bar{c}\bar{q}$$

b
b

c

¯

q

¯

and $$bb\bar{b}\bar{q}$$

b
b

b

¯

q

¯

. We adopt a diquark–antidiquark scheme to solve Schrödinger equation. The calculations are carried out in a nonrelativistic quark model with a color interaction described by a potential computed in AdS/QCD. The AdS/QCD potential model consists of a central potential which reflects short distance and large distance behaviour of QCD, spin dependent term for hyperfine splitting and a constant term. We find stable state candidates in the $$cc\bar{c}\bar{q}$$

c
c

c

¯

q

¯

sector whereas in the $$cc\bar{b}\bar{q}$$

c
c

b

¯

q

¯

, $$bb\bar{c}\bar{q}$$

b
b

c

¯

q

¯

and $$bb\bar{b}\bar{q}$$

b
b

b

¯

q

¯

sectors all the states lie above corresponding S-wave meson-meson thresholds.
Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution
Authors: Rastegar Bahar , Andersson Natalie , Petersson Alexandra , Karlsson Jenny , Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Valind Anders , Jansson Caroline , Durand Geoffroy , Romerius Patrik , Jirström Karin , Holmquist Mengelbier Linda , Gisselsson David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
While patients with intermediate-risk (IR) Wilms tumors now have an overall survival (OS) rate of almost 90%, those affected by high-stage tumors with diffuse anaplasia have an OS of only around 50%. We here identify key events in the pathogenesis of diffuse anaplasia by mapping cancer cell evolution over anatomic space in Wilms tumors.

Experimental Design:
We spatially mapped subclonal landscapes in a retrospective cohort of 20 Wilms tumors using high-resolution copy-number profiling and TP53 mutation analysis followed by clonal deconvolution and phylogenetic reconstruction. Tumor whole-mount sections (WMS) were utilized to characterize the distribution of subclones across anatomically distinct tumor compartments.

Results:
Compared with non-diffuse anaplasia Wilms tumors, tumors with diffuse anaplasia showed a significantly higher number of genetically distinct tumor cell subpopulations and more complex phylogenetic trees, including high levels of phylogenetic species richness, divergence, and irregularity. All regions with classical anaplasia showed TP53 alterations. TP53 mutations were frequently followed by saltatory evolution and parallel loss of the remaining wild-type (WT) allele in different regions. Morphologic features of anaplasia increased with copy-number aberration (CNA) burden and regressive features. Compartments demarcated by fibrous septae or necrosis/regression were frequently (73%) associated with the emergence of new clonal CNAs, although clonal sweeps were rare within these compartments.

Conclusions:
Wilms tumors with diffuse anaplasia display significantly more complex phylogenies compared with non-diffuse anaplasia Wilms tumors, including features of saltatory and parallel evolution. The subclonal landscape of individual tumors was constrained by anatomic compartments, which should be considered when sampling tissue for precision diagnostics.
The Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive System Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Bin , Ding Dong , Zhang Xiaoan , Zhang Junxi , Zhang Huanhuan , Liu Xinxin , Chang Hui , Gao Zhan , Yu Zengli 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins increases their diversity and maintains the stability of the intracellular environment. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) are an important family of epigenetic modification enzymes, which play a critical role in posttranslational modification. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the role of epigenetics, the structure and function of PRMTs have been gradually understood. PRMT enzymatic activity is related to a variety of cellular processes in digestive system malignancies, such as inflammation and immune response, activation of cell cycle and proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. A variety of chemical tools are developed to inhibit PRMT activity, which have been verified by tumor models and clinical trials. This review summarizes the structure and functions of PRMTs as a prelude to our further studies on their role in tumors. The involvement of different PRMTs in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors is then reviewed. In addition, the application of PRMT inhibitors as therapeutic agents for digestive system cancers is highlighted. In conclusion, PRMTs play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors, and their prognostic and therapeutic potential warrants further investigation.
Bioresorbable Poly (L-Lactic Acid) Flow Diverter Versus Cobalt-Chromium Flow Diverter: In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis
Authors: Sasaki Natsuhi , Ishii Akira , Yagi Shinichi , Nishi Hidehisa , Akiyama Ryo , Okawa Masakazu , Abekura Yu , Tsuji Hirofumi , Sakurai Shinichi , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Permanent metallic flow diverter (FD) implantation for treatment of intracranial aneurysms requires antiplatelet therapy for an unclear duration and restricts postprocedural endovascular access. Bioresorbable FDs are being developed as a solution to these issues, but the biological reactions and phenomena induced by bioresorbable FDs have not been compared with those of metallic FDs.

Methods:
We have developed a bioresorbable poly (L-lactic acid) FD (PLLA-FD) and compared it with an FD composed of cobalt-chromium and platinum-tungsten (CoCr-FD). FD mechanical performance and in vitro degradation of the PLLA-FD were evaluated. For in vivo testing in a rabbit aneurysm model, FDs were implanted at the aneurysm site and the abdominal aorta in the PLLA-FD group (n=21) and CoCr-FD group (n=15). Aneurysm occlusion rate, branch patency, and thrombus formation within the FD were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months. Local inflammation and neointima structure were also evaluated.

Results:

Mean strut, porosity, and pore density for the PLLA-FD were 41.7 μm, 60%, and 20 pores per mm
2
, respectively. The proportion of aneurysms exhibiting a neck remnant or complete occlusion did not significantly differ between the groups; however, the complete occlusion rate was significantly higher in the PLLA-FD group (48% versus 13%;
P
=0.0399). Branch occlusion and thrombus formation within the FD were not observed in either group. In the PLLA-FD group, CD68 immunoreactivity was significantly higher, but neointimal thickness decreased over time and did not significantly differ from that of the CoCr-FD at 12 months. Collagen fibers significantly predominated over elastic fibers in the neointima in the PLLA-FD group. The opposite was observed in the CoCr-FD group.

Conclusions:
The PLLA-FD was as effective as the CoCr-FD in this study and is feasible for aneurysm treatment. No morphological or pathological problems were observed with PLLA-FD over a 1-year period.