bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical oxidation of diethyl phthalate at two dimensional graphite sheet electrodes: optimization and analysis of degradation in water with HRMS
Authors: Farissi Salman , Ramesh Sneha , Gado Abubakar Abubakar , Tejomurtula Prasanthi , Muthukumar Anbazhagi , Muthuchamy Muthukumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Concentration of phthalates in the environment has been steadily increasing due to their high utilization rate and the inability of conventional wastewater and water treatment to remove them. Electrochemical oxidation at Boron doped diamond (BDD) was effective for phthalate removal but costly and unaffordable in many situations. Hence, we carried out the electrochemical oxidation of Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) at two dimensional graphite electrodes as a low cost alternative to oxidation at BDD electrodes. Optimization studies found that high concentrations of DEP (56–112 mg/L) can be effectively removed from water with acidic pH (pH 3), 60 mA/cm2 current density, 81 cm2 anode surface area and 10 mM sodium sulfate with 60 min treatment time. At 56 mg/L DEP concentration, COD and TOC removal were 92.5% and 70% respectively. FTIR studies were conducted to find out whether any adsorption or electrosorption had taken place at the electrode surface. High performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis of 84 mg/L DEP solution treated at optimal conditions found 97.3% removal of DEP. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) studies utilizing Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-ToF-MS) were conducted for finding the degradation byproducts and possible degradation pathway was proposed with the degradation mechanism.
Cells collectively migrate during ammonium chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Nelson Gabela , Strain Alexis , Isu Atsuko , Rahnama Alireza , Wakabayashi Ken-ichi , Melvin Adam T. , Kato Naohiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The mechanisms governing chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are largely unknown compared to those regulating phototaxis despite equal importance on the migratory response in the ciliated microalga. To study chemotaxis, we developed a simple Petri dish assay. Using the assay, a novel mechanism governing Chlamydomonas ammonium chemotaxis was revealed. First, we found that light exposure enhances the chemotactic response of wild-type Chlamydomonas strains, yet phototaxis-incompetent mutant strains, eye3-2 and ptx1, exhibit normal chemotaxis. This suggests that Chlamydomonas transduces the light signal pathway in chemotaxis differently from that in phototaxis. Second, we found that Chlamydomonas collectively migrate during chemotaxis but not phototaxis. Collective migration during chemotaxis is not clearly observed when the assay is conducted in the dark. Third, the Chlamydomonas strain CC-124 carrying agg1-, the AGGREGATE1 gene (AGG1) null mutation, exhibited a more robust collective migratory response than strains carrying the wild-type AGG1 gene. The expression of a recombinant AGG1 protein in the CC-124 strain suppressed this collective migration during chemotaxis. Altogether, these findings suggest a unique mechanism; ammonium chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas is mainly driven by collective cell migration. Furthermore, it is proposed that collective migration is enhanced by light and suppressed by the AGG1 protein.
Intelligent Evaluation Model of Basketball Teaching Reliability Based on Swarm Intelligence and Edge Computing
Authors: Wang DingHang , Jian Sile 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Campus basketball culture is gradually affecting students’ sports spirit and sports accomplishment. Different from other cultures, basketball culture can effectively affect students’ moral sentiments. Therefore, teachers should use the power of basketball culture to instill positive basketball culture in daily basketball teaching, so as to influence students’ moral behavior imperceptibly and become sunny and positive! In particular, in this multimedia information age, “fast food” education has penetrated into the hearts of students. The education reform requires that the purpose of teaching is to stimulate students’ subjective initiative and objectively evaluate students. As for the evaluation of basketball teaching achievements, the method of specified items is generally used for testing, which is highly subjective. Teachers can not be absolutely fair and impartial when evaluating, and it is easy to cause negative emotional impact to some students. Therefore, it would produce resistance to basketball activities, even affect the quality of sports, and finally affect health. Based on the evaluation method of basketball teaching, this paper introduced a reliability intelligent evaluation model based on swarm intelligence and edge computing, and used this model to evaluate students’ performance in basketball teaching classes. Moreover, this paper designed a related experiment, the experimental results showed that boys and girls in basketball level gap was more obvious. As far as dribbling skills were concerned, the highest score of boy A was 91 points, while the lowest score of girl C was 54 points. The gap was quite large. For the three-step lay up, the highest B score of boys was 90 points, and the lowest D score of girls was 59 points. The gap was also large. It is necessary to explore the drawbacks of modern basketball teaching courses, so as to improve the quality of classroom teaching and create a diversified basketball teaching classroom. At the same time, the introduction results of the reliability intelligent evaluation model were studied by using the questionnaire survey method. The survey objects were 48 people, and the Clonebach coefficients A of the text questionnaire and the form questionnaire were 0.87 and 0.89 respectively. Through the change data of students’ interest and attitude, it was proved that the reliability intelligent evaluation model could improve the students’ enthusiasm for learning basketball courses, thus improving their sports quality. This study provided a reference value for the application of swarm intelligence and edge computing in the intelligent evaluation model of basketball teaching reliability, and provided a direction for the future development of basketball teaching.
Early intravenous administration of tirofiban is recommended in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with alteplase: a meta-analysis
Authors: Huo Yanchao , Yang Lu , Zhou Wenjing , Geng Meng , Zhang Meng , Zhao Wenbo , Xu Yaoming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The occurrence of early neurological deterioration (END) following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is considered a particularly ominous clinical event and is strongly correlated with poor outcomes. Initiating tirofiban within 24 h after IVT has been suggested as a better treatment option to achieve long-term functional outcomes. However, the rationality of this remedy is a controversial. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of early intravenous tirofiban administration after IVT in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Methods: Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for clinical trials on early tirofiban implementation after IVT in patients with AIS from inception to September 2022. Odds ratios (ORs) were generated for dichotomous variants via meta-analysis using STATA 17.0 MP.
Results: Five clinical trials with 725 patients were eligible. The study outcomes demonstrated that early tirofiban administration after IVT was not associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (Odds ratios [OR], 0.78; 95%confidence interval [CI], 0.22 - 2.74; P=0.70), asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 1.11; 95%CI, 0.52 - 2.37; P=0.80), systemic bleeding (OR, 0.97; 95%CI, 0.42 - 2.23; P=0.94), and death (OR, 1.05; 95%CI, 0.47 - 2.31; P=0.91), but may reduce the incidence of END (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02 - 0.50; P=0.01), and was significantly associated with 90-day excellent (modified Rankin scale[mRS] score 0–1) (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.35 - 3.02; P=0.00) and favorable (mRS score 0–2) (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.63 - 3.23; P=0.00) functional outcomes.
Conclusion: The early intravenous administration of tirofiban after IVT in patients with AIS may be a safe and effective treatment strategy that improves long-term neurological functional outcomes without increasing the risk of adverse events.
On the Dynamic Variability of Global Positioning System (GPS) derived Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV) over three regions of Nepal
Authors: Subedi Arnav , Ghimire Basu Dev , Nagarkoti Shreeram , Khadka Balaram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study presents an attempt to derive Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) and Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV) from Global Positioning System (GPS) and observed meteorological data over three topological regions of Nepal: Terai, Hilly and Himalayan regions. Four months of the year 2015, each from four different seasons was taken as the study period and the obtained data were plotted and the trends were compared. The result showed that the average PWV is higher in the Terai region in comparison to the Hilly and Himalayan regions. This in turn explained the rainfall trends in Himalayan region of Nepal. The diurnal behaviour of PWV shows that it was highest during midday of the local time and was lowest during night.
The Fight Against Corruption at Global Level. A Metric Approach
Authors: Laureti Lucio , Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this article we estimate the level of Control of Corruption for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020 using data from the ESG World Bank Database. Various econometric techniques are applied i.e.: Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS. Results show that “Control of Corruption” is positively associated, among others, to “Government Effectiveness” and “Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism”, while it is negatively associated among others to “Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Value Added as Percentage of GDP” and “GHG Net Emissions/Removals by LUCF”. A cluster analysis implemented with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow Method shows four clusters. A confrontation among eight Machine Learning algorithms is proposed for the prediction of Control of Corruption. Polynomial Regression is the best predictor for the training data. The level of Control of Corruption is expected to growth by 10.36% on average.
JEL CODE: D7, D70, D72, D73, D78.
LA PANDEMIA DEL RELATIVISMO: UN OBSTÁCULO PARA LA EDUCACIÓN MORAL Y CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Soria Bravo Carolina 
Published: January 2023

La época actual se caracteriza, como ha expresado Bauman, por la «liquidez» de la vida humana. Las estructuras eran sólidas; hoy son cambiantes: sea la identidad del sujeto, la sexualidad, las relaciones. Todo es líquido, moldeable, adaptable. Si a algo se teme en esta época es a lo estable o permanente.

En consecuencia, los valores también se han visto afectados, pues dependen del punto de vista personal, de las preferencias y los gustos, es decir, son absolutamente relativos. Esta liquidez en todos los aspectos, genera incertidumbre, pues ante la excesiva información a la que está expuesto, el ser humano finalmente no posee referentes objetivos para definir qué es bueno, valioso, preferible: todo depende de la circunstancia y de las preferencias del sujeto. La ética se vuelve obsoleta, porque si cada quien tiene un punto de vista igualmente válido, es imposible hablar de una jerarquía de valores. La búsqueda de la verdad, también es imposible, ya que se niega toda posibilidad de alcanzarla. Pareciera que la educación es imposible en una sociedad relativista. Entonces, ¿cómo enseñar en una época donde la verdad y moralidad son cuestionadas e incluso negadas?
Status of drinking water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene in West Bengal: evidence from the National Family Health Survey of India (NFHS), 2019–2021
Authors: Roy Chandan , Sati Vishwambhar Prasad , Biswas Amit , Kumar Saurav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Access to safe drinking water and sanitation are essential fundamental rights for every citizen of a country. It is an important indicator of quality of life. Inadequate access to WASH services harms children under five and adolescent girls. This study examines the status of WASH services in West Bengal. A comprehensive assessment of WASH services was conducted using data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey. Data were statistically analyzed using Stata V. 14.1 software. A multivariate ordinal logistic regression model was applied to examine the association between experimental and explanatory variables. Furthermore, adjusted odds ratios, significance levels, and confidence intervals were provided for each dummy variable. The study found that only 33.69% of households in West Bengal have access to improved sources of drinking water. Moreover, only 74.35% of households have access to hygienic sanitation facilities within their premises, while 14.60% still practice open defecation. However, urban, Pucca, and non-nuclear households have better access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene. The study also reported that drainage facilities are lacking in the state. Finally, the study recommends some policy measures to improve the access of WASH services in the state.
Efficiency of public spending on primary health care: analysis of São Paulo’s cities
Authors: Silva Sara Pereira da , Crozatti Jaime 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To analyze the efficiency of São Paulo’s cities with spending on the Primary Health Care sub-function in the year of 2018 and its association with geographic location, population size, wealth generated in the city (GDP – Gross Domestic Product) and budget expenditures with this public policy.
Methodology: Exploratory descriptive and explanatory study with São Paulo’s cities in six similar cluster whit combine population and GDP. It uses the settled expense as input, the Number of FHS (Family Health Strategy) Teams, FHS’s Coverage Percentage, Number of Basic Health Units (BHU) and Percentage of Live Births of mothers who performed more than 7 doctor's appointments in the prenatal period as an output. The efficiency level of each city is shown on georeferenced maps. Pearson's correlation is used to estimate the levels of associations between quantitative variables.
Results: 102 cities have a maximum level of efficiency, distributed between the six groups. Cities with a lower number of inhabitants and GDP tend to be more inefficient. Efficiency has a low correlation with population size, GDP or health public spending. The cities with the lowest levels of efficiency are neighbors of São Paulo (Metropolitan Region) or small cities scattered throughout the state’s territory.
Theoretical Contributions: The research identifies that the management (formulation, implementation and evaluation) of the primary health care policy must consider different programs that focus on its location in the cities’ territory, population and wealth. There are references to the benchmarks for good practices in managing Primary Health Care policies.
Affinity Prediction of Shikonins Towards Sirtuins and the Requisite Structural Motifs for the Selective Inhibition of SIRT2 and SIRT3
Authors: Goodarzi Amin , Valipour Mehdi , Irannejad Hamid 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Shikonin and alkannin derivatives have various pharmacological activities with
unknown mechanisms of action. Sirtuins are key intracellular enzymes involved in the cell cycle and metabolism
and are ideal targets of therapeutic agents. Some evidence based on recent studies indicates that
shikonins are possible modulators of sirtuins.

Objective:
In this study, an extensive computational workflow was utilized to assess the affinity of 27
different derivatives of shikonins towards SIRT1-6 as possible molecular targets.

Methods:
Molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies were performed, followed by MMPBSA
analysis, and the results were compared with standard and selective sirtuin inhibitors. Subsequently, the
scaffold hopping approach was used to find novel and more drug-like structures. Accordingly, the pharmacophoric
features of 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamoyl alkannin in SIRT2 and SIRT3 were extracted and
used for screening PubChem and Mcule databases.

Results:
The results indicated that 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamoyl alkannin is a potent SIRT2 and SIRT3
inhibitor and even more potent than the standard sirtuin inhibitors AGK2 and selisistat. The results successfully
revealed some privileged fragments for the selective inhibition of SIRT2 and SIRT3.

Conclusion:
An indole or benzimidazole fragment linked to basic nitrogen through an amide would be an
ideal structural feature for SIRT2 inhibition, and 3-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine was found to be a
privileged fragment for optimal inhibition of SIRT3.
The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel
Syndrome: A Mini Review
Authors: Wal Ankita , Srivastava Ashish , Verma Neha , Pandey Shiv Shanker , Tyagi Sachin 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prolonged bowel illness that is general-ly stress-related and is characterized by a variety of gastrointestinal problems, the most prominent of which is chronic visceral abdominal discomfort. As a result, IBS typically impacts sufferers' standard of living, and it is typically associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. IBS medica-tion is based mostly on symptom alleviation. However, no effective medicines have been discov-ered too far. As a result, it is essential to discover novel anti-IBS medications.

Objective:
The purpose of this brief review is to describe the existing research on nutraceutical sup-plements in irritable bowel syndrome management, including probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, herbal products, and dietary fibers.

Methods:
This review covered the relevant papers from the previous twenty years that were availa-ble in different journals such as Science Direct, Elsevier, NCBI, and Web of Science that were re-lated to the role and function of Nutraceuticals in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Results:
Neutraceutical substances have a variety of modes of action, including restoring the healthy microbiome, improving the function of the gastrointestinal barrier, immunomodulatory, an-ti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties. According to the literature, these substances not on-ly can improve irritable bowel syndrome symptomatology but also have an excellent long-term safety profile.

Conclusion:
Irritable bowel syndrome is a prolonged bowel illness with a lot of gastrointestinal problems. The nutraceuticals treatment works as an anti-IBS intervention and enhances patient compliance with minimum side effects since patients take it better than pharmaceutical treatments.
Diabetes Mellitus and Energy Dysmetabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease:
Understanding the Relationships and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Ojo Folusho O. , Adeleye Olufunto O. , Falade Joshua , Onaolapo Olakunle J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Over the last century, there has been a gradual but sustained increase in life expectancy
globally. A consequence of increased life expectancy is an associated rise in the prevalence of agerelated
chronic debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's
disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. These disorders, which are generally
characterised by the loss of motor/sensory neurons and cognitive decline, have continued to confound
researchers who are working tirelessly to define their pathogenetic mechanisms and develop
effective therapies. In the last few years, there has been increasing evidence of the existence of a
relationship between energy metabolism and neurodegeneration, with reports that type 2 diabetes
mellitus increases the risk of AD. Evidence from preclinical and epidemiologic studies has associated
dysmetabolism and dysmetabolic syndromes with the development of neurodegenerative changes.
More recently, diabetes mellitus and energy dysmetabolism have been linked to the aetiopathogenesis
of AD. Moreover, metabolic hormones, including ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and insulin-like
growth factor (IGF)-1, have been reported to play key roles in the regulation of neuronal injury and
loss in neurodegenerative diseases like AD. In this narrative review, we examine the current scientific
evidence regarding the role of dysmetabolism (including diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome)
in AD and how it impacts disease progression and the development of novel therapies in
AD.
Re-Evaluation of Patient-Sourced Radiation Doses in PET/CT
Authors: Şenışık Ahmet Murat , Kökkülünk Handan Tanyıldızı , Yüksel Mahmut 
Published: January 2023

Background:
New generation PET/CT devices provide quality images using low radiopharmaceutical
activities. Dose monitoring is carried out for nuclear medicine personnel, other
health personnel, and companions by determining the radiation dose emitted from low-activity
patients to the environment. In particular, it is necessary to revise the working conditions of the
personnel according to the radiation dose exposed.

Aims:
It was aimed to reevaluate the radiation dose rate transmitted to the environment from patients
injected with 18F-FDG.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 31 patients (14F, 17M) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging
were included. The mean 18F-FDG activity of 7.26 ± 1.29 mCi was used for injection. After
injection, radiation dose rates (mR/h) were measured at distances of 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200cm
for 3 different periods from the level of the head, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis by using a GM
counter. Additionally, biological samples such as urine and sweat were taken during 3 different
periods. The activity amounts (μCi) in the samples were measured with a well-type counter.

Results:
Strong correlations were calculated between normalized dose rates obtained by all regions
and time. Considering the nuclear medicine staff handling time with a PET/CT patient, the
average dose received by staff was calculated between a range of 0.002-0.004 mSv/pt. The radiation
dose exposed to the porter and nurse was calculated as 0.049 mSv/pt for the 2nd hour and
0.001-0.007 mSv/pt for the 4th hour, respectively. The companion was exposed to a dose between
0.073-0.147 mSv and 0.024-0.048 mSv for public transport and private car transportation after 4-6
hours of injection (for 30-60 min of travel duration), respectively. For inpatients, the received dose
for porters, serving 20min from a distance of 30cm for the 2nd and 4th hours after the PET/CT scan,
was 0.049 mSv/pt and 0.048 mSv/pt, respectively. And for nurses serving from a 50cm distance
between 1-5 minutes, these values were found to be 0.001-0.007mSv/pt, 0.001-0.007mSv/pt, and
0.001-0.006mSv/pt, respectively.

Conclusion:
The radiation dose of nuclear medicine staff, porters, nurses, and companions are
found to be below the recommended dose limit by the ICRP. According to our results, there is no
need for any restrictions for patients, companions, or healthcare personnel in PET/CT units.
Microwave Radiations: A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Five-
Membered Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Kamboj Monika , Bajpai Sangeeta , Yadav Monika , Singh Surabhi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Synthesis of heterocyclic scaffolds by microwave irradiation is a green and clean process. The
organic transformation induced by microwave irradiation, as an alternative source of energy, has been of
great interest due to the high efficiency, yield, and short reaction time with minimum by-product production.
Heterocyclic compounds, an important skeleton for pharmaceuticals, are the most privileged and
prevalent class of organic chemistry. They have enormous medicinal value and pharmaceutical potential.
This review demonstrates the effectiveness of microwave heating for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
The eco-friendly microwave-induced synthesis of five-membered heterocyclic systems covering
recent literature is highlighted in this article.