bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Cerrado: Network structure and defaunation effects
Authors: Béllo Carvalho Rodrigo , Malhi Yadvinder , Oliveras Menor Imma 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeed dispersal is a fundamental process that is highly threatened by the rapid decline of large‐bodied frugivores worldwide. The Brazilian Cerrado, the largest savanna in the world, represents an ideal site for investigating seed dispersal because of its biodiversity, environmental challenges, and knowledge shortfalls. We performed a systematic literature review to analyze the seed dispersal network in the Cerrado and the potential impacts of the defaunation of large‐bodied frugivores on it. We considered network metrics, calculated the defaunation index of the frugivore assemblage, and compared traits among different fruit‐sized plants and their respective dispersers in the network. We retrieved 1565 interactions involving 193 plant species and 270 animal species. Results show that the Cerrado seed dispersal network is slightly nested and considerably modular, dominated by small‐ to medium‐sized generalist species, such as passerines, marsupials, and mesocarnivores. Nonetheless, large‐bodied frugivores like the lowland tapir have a key role in the network due to their great foraging and network integration capacity. The Cerrado frugivore assemblage is moderately defaunated, with possible effects in its interactions with large‐fruited plants. The Cerrado's defaunation and functional loss of large vertebrates deserve urgent attention to further understand the impacts on seed dispersal mechanisms and ecosystem functioning.
Substance use disorders, physical health and recovery capital: Examining the experiences of clients and the alcohol and other drug workforce
Authors: Osborne Briony , Kelly Peter J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionChallenges associated with the integration of physical health within alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services persist. The construct of recovery capital has gained currency within the sector, however, its potential in understanding the integration of physical health within AOD treatment has not been examined. This study explores the role of physical health in the process of recovery, examining the potential of ‘recovery capital’ frameworks to enhance integrated care.MethodsInterviews were conducted with residential and outpatient AOD services across New South Wales, Australia. Qualitative data was collected from clients (n = 20) and staff (n = 13) and transcribed. Data were systematically coded and analysed using the iterative categorisation method.ResultsUnmanaged physical health issues compromised recovery, particularly when associated with hopelessness and pain. Improved physical health ameliorated sources of negative recovery capital such as boredom, social isolation and mental health symptoms. When addressed during treatment, physical health facilitated recovery capital resources through knowledge and skill acquisition, increased autonomy, enjoyment and immersive experience. Benefits extended to domains of ‘social capital’ (social connection) and ‘cultural capital’ (physical appearance).Discussion and ConclusionsPhysical health offers variegated pathways for building recovery capital. Findings support calls for a more assertive approach to addressing physical health when AOD treatment occurs outside of primary care settings. Future research should examine the potential of recovery capital as a heuristic for optimising care of physical health issues and health‐related behaviour within AOD treatment services.
Effects of morphological characteristics of patent foramen ovale by transesophageal echocardiography on minimalist transcatheter closure in southern China
Authors: Zhang Shushan , Gao Ziqing , Chen Hui , Pi Songying , Wu Chaoqun , He Kunyan , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTranscatheter closure has become one of the main treatment methods for patent foramen ovale (PFO). However, the population in southern China is generally thin and the size of PFO is small, so the application of minimalist surgery is challenging. This study aimed to analyze the morphological characteristics of PFOs in southern China by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and to explore the influence on minimalist transcatheter closure.MethodsAbout 110 patients with PFO closure in our hospital were selected. All cases were examined by TEE including the PFO size, length, septum secundum thickness, color characteristic and surrounding structures, and morphologically classified. During the operation, the procedure time, number of times for the guidewire attempting to pass the interatrial septum and the success rate of simply using J guidewire to cross the interatrial septum were recorded.ResultsAbout 110 cases of PFO were classified into two categories and four subtypes, including 55 cases with Uniform Channel Type (UCT, 50.0%), 16 cases with Irregular Channel Type (ICT, 14.6%), 15 cases with Right Funnel Type (RFT, 13.6%), and 24 cases with Left Funnel Type (LFT, 21.8%). According to the complexity of the procedure, they were divided into simple procedure (n = 73) and complex procedure (n = 37). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the anatomical types of PFO, the tunnel entrance size, and the tunnel entrance size <2 mm were independent factors affecting the complexity of procedure [OR = 2.819, 95% CI (1.124, 7.066), p = .027; OR = .027, 95% CI (.004, .208), p = .001; OR = 4.715, 95% CI (1.028, 21.619), p = .046]. With ICT and LFT groups, the procedure duration was relatively long (p < .001), number of times for the guidewire attempting to pass the interatrial septum was significantly increased (p < .001), and the success rate of simply using J guidewire to cross the interatrial septum was relatively low (p < .001).ConclusionsThe PFO size in southern China was relatively small and characterized by large tunnel tension. It was concluded that TEE could clearly show the morphological characteristics of PFO, which could provide guidance for making more reasonable surgical plans in clinical practice, shorten the procedure time and improve the success rate of PFO closure.
Orthodontic management of traumatic dental injuries in Norway and orthodontists' perceptions of referral routines: A quality assurance survey
Authors: Beyene Madeleine Misje Roman , Bårdsen Asgeir , Klock Kristin Solveig , Sulo Gerhard , Thelen Dorina Sula 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground/AimOrthodontic treatment of patients with traumatic dental injuries is challenging, with limited evidence of routines and outcomes. The aims of this study were: (i) to describe how orthodontists perceive the information on traumatic dental injuries received by referral from the Public Dental Health Service before orthodontic treatment and (ii) to assess orthodontists' knowledge and working routines in managing traumatic dental injuries.Materials and MethodsData were obtained through a survey of all practicing orthodontists registered as members of the Norwegian Association of Orthodontists (n = 203).ResultsEighty‐three orthodontists were enrolled, most of whom had received their dental degree (73.0%) and specialist orthodontic training (88.5%) in Norway. They reported examining patients with a history of traumatic dental injury at weekly (34.2%) or monthly (38.0%) basis. In 85.5% of cases, they obtained a history of traumatic dental injury from patients. Half of the respondents (51.3%) favoured two‐phase early orthodontic treatment for patients with an overjet ≥6 mm. The observation time and treatment strategy showed considerable discrepancies across traumatic dental injury diagnoses. Most (59.1%) orthodontists considered the information on previous traumatic dental injuries provided by the Public Dental Health Services referral ‘inadequate’, more commonly in cases of mild (83.5%) than severe (57.5%) traumatic dental injuries.ConclusionsOrthodontic management of patients with traumatic dental injuries was characterised by lack of uniformity in both recommended observation time before orthodontic treatment and management strategy. The referral routines by the Public Dental Health Services for patients with traumatic dental injuries were perceived as ‘inadequate’ in terms of frequency and quality. The results indicate the requirement of standardisation of routines related to orthodontic management of traumatic dental injuries and referral routines by the Public Dental Health Services.
Joint European Academy of Neurology–European Pain Federation–Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment
Authors: Truini Andrea , Aleksovska Katina , Anderson Christopher C. , Attal Nadine , Baron Ralf , Bennett David L. , Bouhassira Didier , Cruccu Giorgio , Eisenberg Elon , Enax‐Krumova Elena , Davis Karen Deborah , Di Stefano Giulia , Finnerup Nanna B. , Garcia‐Larrea Luis , Hanafi Ibrahem , Haroutounian Simon , Karlsson Pall , Rakusa Martin , Rice Andrew S. C. , Sachau Juliane , Smith Blair H. , Sommer Claudia , Tölle Thomas , Valls‐Solé Josep , Veluchamy Abirami 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn these guidelines, we aimed to develop evidence‐based recommendations for the use of screening questionnaires and diagnostic tests in patients with neuropathic pain (NeP).MethodsWe systematically reviewed studies providing information on the sensitivity and specificity of screening questionnaires, and quantitative sensory testing, neurophysiology, skin biopsy, and corneal confocal microscopy. We also analysed how functional neuroimaging, peripheral nerve blocks, and genetic testing might provide useful information in diagnosing NeP.ResultsOf the screening questionnaires, Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4), I‐DN4 (self‐administered DN4), and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) received a strong recommendation, and S‐LANSS (self‐administered LANSS) and PainDETECT weak recommendations for their use in the diagnostic pathway for patients with possible NeP. We devised a strong recommendation for the use of skin biopsy and a weak recommendation for quantitative sensory testing and nociceptive evoked potentials in the NeP diagnosis. Trigeminal reflex testing received a strong recommendation in diagnosing secondary trigeminal neuralgia. Although many studies support the usefulness of corneal confocal microscopy in diagnosing peripheral neuropathy, no study specifically investigated the diagnostic accuracy of this technique in patients with NeP. Functional neuroimaging and peripheral nerve blocks are helpful in disclosing pathophysiology and/or predicting outcomes, but current literature does not support their use for diagnosing NeP. Genetic testing may be considered at specialist centres, in selected cases.ConclusionsThese recommendations provide evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines for NeP diagnosis. Due to the poor‐to‐moderate quality of evidence identified by this review, future large‐scale, well‐designed, multicentre studies assessing the accuracy of diagnostic tests for NeP are needed.
Temperature change effects on marine fish range shifts: A meta‐analysis of ecological and methodological predictors
Authors: Dahms Carolin , Killen Shaun S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current effects of global warming on marine ecosystems are predicted to increase, with species responding by changing their spatial distributions. Marine ectotherms such as fish experience elevated distribution shifts, as temperature plays a key role in physiological functions and delineating population ranges through thermal constraints. Distributional response predictions necessary for population management have been complicated by high heterogeneity in magnitude and direction of movements, which may be explained by both biological as well as methodological study differences. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the interacting ecological factors influencing fish distributions in response to climate change and the confounding methodological factors that can affect their estimation. In this study we analyzed published studies meeting criteria of reporting range shift responses to global warming in 115 taxa spanning all major oceanic regions, totaling 595 three‐dimensional population responses (latitudinal, longitudinal, and depth), with temperature identified as a significant driver. We found that latitudinal shifts were the fastest in non‐exploited, tropical populations, and inversely correlated with depth shifts which, in turn, dominated at the trailing edges of population ranges. While poleward responses increased with rate of temperature change and latitude, niche was a key factor in predicting both depth (18% of variation) and latitudinal responses (13%), with methodological predictors explaining between 10% and 28% of the observed variance in marine fish responses to temperature change. Finally, we found strong geographical publication bias and limited taxonomical scope, highlighting the need for more representative and standardized research in order to address heterogeneity in distribution responses and improve predictions in face of changing climate.
Human‐induced behavioural changes of global threatened terrestrial mammals
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Yumei , Hu Xiaoyu , Ma Xiaofan , Jia Wei , Liu Kai , Nie Yonggang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding changes in the behaviour of threatened species responding to rapidly increasing human disturbances is critical for biodiversity conservation. Here, we synthesize a meta‐analysis of the cumulative effect of human disturbances on the behaviour of global threatened terrestrial mammals.LocationGlobal terrestrial ecosystem.Time PeriodData collected from 1993 to 2021.Major Taxa StudiedTerrestrial mammals.ResultsThere were significant differences in behavioural changes among categories of human disturbances (i.e. biological invasion, climate change, grazing, habitat degradation, protection management, road traffic and tourism). The effect size of road traffic on behavioural change was the largest and particularly led habitat selection to be more specialized. The effect size for habitat degradation on foraging behaviour was the largest, and the effect mainly led to a shorter time spent in foraging and a change in food selection. Changes to behaviour increased with human disturbance intensity and varied among species according to their functional traits including body mass, food habits, migration and group type. Climate change, grazing, road traffic and tourism had a greater effect on larger species. The effect size for habitat degradation on omnivorous species was the largest, while carnivorous and solitary species were more sensitive to tourism, and migratory species were especially vulnerable to climate changes.Main ConclusionsThe diverse human disturbances interact with disturbance intensity, and some species' functional traits significantly affected the behavioural change in threatened terrestrial mammals. Such behavioural changes away from predisturbance patterns may have consequences for their fitness and community interactions. The management and conservation of threatened species should incorporate knowledge of their behavioural responses to human disturbance and take into account the potential ecological consequences for biodiversity conservation.
Earthquake disturbance shifts metabolic energy use and partitioning in a monodominant forest
Authors: Xu Meng , Allen Robert B. , Newman Erica A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimBoth macroecology and disturbance ecology have long been used to characterize population‐ and community‐level patterns across scales, but the integration of both approaches in characterizing disturbed ecosystems is rare. Here, we use the maximum entropy theory of ecology (METE) to model the individual size distribution (ISD) of trees in pre‐ and post‐disturbance tree populations and estimate the corresponding metabolic scaling exponents.LocationNew Zealand.Time Period1987–1999.Major Taxa StudiedMountain beech (Fuscospora cliffortioidesNothofagaceae).MethodsMETE uses information entropy and empirical macro‐state variables to constrain predictions of ecological distributions related to biodiversity. METE has successfully predicted a range of biodiversity metrics in static or relatively undisturbed conditions. However, METE can fail to accurately model ecological patterns in disturbed ecosystems. We extend existing theoretical predictions to a highly disturbed ecosystem by treating the metabolic scaling exponent and Lagrange multipliers as free parameters in METE.ResultsWe showed that the fully parameterized METE (FP‐METE) model reasonably predicted the ISD of mountain beech populations in a monodominant forest after a strong earthquake, which restructured the forest. Furthermore, the FP‐METE model revealed that decreasing metabolic scaling exponent drove the substantial decline of total metabolic rate energy and the redistribution of energy towards smaller trees after the earthquake. Increased number of small trees was not sufficient to capture the full impact of disturbance on forest energy use.Main ConclusionsOur FP‐METE model applies an informatics approach to estimate the metabolic scaling relationship. We find that instead of maintaining a fixed value, the metabolic scaling exponent is variable among populations, and declines significantly after an earthquake disturbance. This leads to major shifts in the total population metabolic energy and energy distribution. With this approach, we now have the opportunity to advance beyond categorizing forms of mathematical distributions that describe biodiversity patterns and move into a predictive framework where the true constraints on ecosystems and their dynamics emerge.
A head‐to‐head observational cohort study on the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene–related peptide for chronic and episodic migraine
Authors: Saccà Francesco , Braca Simone , Sansone Mattia , Miele Angelo , Stornaiuolo Antonio , De Simone Roberto , Russo Cinzia Valeria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and safety of galcanezumab, fremanezumab, and erenumab for the treatment of chronic and episodic migraine, through real‐world data.BackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) pathway have been tested extensively in several clinical trials for both episodic and chronic migraine, showing high effectiveness, safety, and tolerability; however, there are no prospective real‐world studies intending to compare their efficacy and safety.MethodsThis is a prospective observational cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety profiles of galcanezumab, fremanezumab, and erenumab for the treatment of chronic and episodic migraine. We enrolled 140 patients at the Headache Centre of University Federico II of Naples, with a history of multiple failed treatments with validated migraine preventatives. Framenezumab, erenumab, or galcanezumab were administered for 12 months. The mean monthly days with headache, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score, and adverse events were evaluated during the run‐in period and every 3 months by reviewing standardized paper patient headache diaries.ResultsWe found a mean reduction of migraine monthly days from baseline of −12.0 (−9.8, −14.1) in the galcanezumab group, −12.3 (−10.2, −14.3) in the fremanezumab group, and −10.8 (−8.5, −13.1) in the erenumab group (for all, p < 0.001). We found a mean reduction of MIDAS score of −32.6 (−26.6, −38.5) in the galcanezumab group, −33.4 (−28.0, −38.9) in the fremanezumab group, and −29.2 (−23.0, −35.4) in the erenumab group (for all, p < 0.001). We found no significant differences between mAbs in the reduction of mean monthly days with headache and MIDAS score. We found a more rapid effect of galcanezumab and erenumab compared to fremanezumab in medication overuse headache patients after 3 months of treatment (−10.8 and −11.1 vs. −4.0 days; p = 0.029).ConclusionOur results confirm the therapeutic benefits of anti‐CGRP mAbs. There is no evidence that suggests that one antibody may be superior to the others in terms of effectiveness, both in chronic and episodic patients.
Pathological measurement and staging of residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Harter Dawn , O'Connor Siobhan M. , Hertel Johann D. , Calhoun Benjamin C. 
Published: May 2023

AimsThe 8th Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System (yAJCC) excludes treatment‐related fibrosis from the measurement of residual tumour after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer. The impact of the 8th Ed. yAJCC on post‐NAC pathologic staging was examined in 188 breast cancer specimens from 183 patients with measurable residual tumour.MethodsTumour size, ypT, and ypN categories were reassessed with the current yACC criteria and compared to the original pathology reports. Histological patterns of response in the breast were categorised as concentric or scattered.ResultsThe reassessed breast tumour size or ypT category differed from the original report in 101 (53.7%) cases. Changes in the ypT and/or ypN category resulted in downstaging of 45/185 (24.3%). A smaller reassessed tumour size or lower ypT category occurred more often in hormone receptor‐positive/HER2‐negative (HR+/HER2−) (68.3%) and HER2‐positive (HER2+) tumours (74.0%) than triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) (37.5%) (P < 0.001). A scattered pattern of response was more frequent in HR+/HER2− (54.9%) and HER2+ (66.0%) tumours than TNBC (35.7%) (P = 0.006). Changes in size, ypT, or multifocality based on the 8th Ed. yAJCC criteria were more frequent in tumours with a scattered pattern of response (P < 0.001).ConclusionStrict adherence to yAJCC criteria for measurement of the residual breast tumour after NAC resulted in smaller tumour size, lower ypT category, lower yAJCC stage, and more frequent classification of residual tumour as multifocal. Downstaging based on 8th Ed. yAJCC criteria was associated with tumour subtype and histological pattern of response.
Microstructure and properties characterization of Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics from co‐precipitated nano‐powders
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Feng Yagang , Chen Haohong , Toci Guido , Pirri Angela , Patrizi Barbara , Hreniak Dariusz , Vannini Matteo , Li Jiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics were fabricated successfully by vacuum sintering along with hot isostatic pressing posttreatment from the nanopowders. The influences of calcination temperature on morphology and microstructures of powders and ceramics were studied systematically. The optimal ceramic sample from the nanopowder calcined at 1050°C shows uniform and dense microstructure with the in‐line transmittance of 81.5% at 1100 nm. The results of the thermal measurements, that is, thermal conductivity and specific heat, were related to the changes occurring in the microstructure of the ceramics studied. It was shown on this basis that appropriate control of the technological process of sintering ceramics makes it possible to obtain laser ceramics with very good thermal properties as well as maintaining their high optical quality. Concerning the laser performance, the highest‐optical quality 5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 sample was pumped in quasi‐continuous wave conditions measuring a maximum output power of 2.59 W with a corresponding slope efficiency of 32.4%.