bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infantry training outcomes: are they improved with an initial reduction in load carriage mass and additional sprint intensity exercise?
Authors: Groeller Herbert , Larsen P , Drain J R , Gibson N , Kitcher M , Alfiero L , Dascombe B J , Sampson J A 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionInfantry is a physically demanding trade that is associated with elevated rates of musculoskeletal injury. A 17-week longitudinal intervention assessed the effect of a progressive increase in load carriage mass and sprint-intensity intervals on physical performance, physical complaints, medical encounters, physical activity and sleep in infantry trainees.Methods91 infantry trainees from 2 separate platoons, randomly assigned as control (CON) or experimental (EXP), provided written voluntary consent. Both completed a 17-week training syllabus that included physical training and military education lessons. Compared with CON, EXP completed a modified regimen that included; a 25%–30% reduction in load carriage mass (weeks 1–4), sprint (weeks 1–7) and 3 min running intervals. Endurance, strength, power and functional performance were assessed (weeks 1, 6–8), physical activity and sleep were recorded using actigraphy (each day of training, weeks 1–17), with daily physical complaints tabulated (weeks 1–7) and frequency of medical encounters retrospectively extracted from defence health records (weeks 1–17).ResultsOn-time completion of training was attained in 93% and 79% of CON and EXP, respectively. Total load carriage mass (weeks 1–4) was 27% lower in EXP (10.1 kg/hour) than CON (13.9 kg/hour). Push-up repetitions in CON (5 reps) improved compared with EXP, with functional performance improving markedly in both groups (71 m, 23%). All other fitness assessments were similar between groups. No difference in sleep quality and quantity was observed between groups, with 77% and 16% of trainees sleeping <7 hours (suboptimal) and <6 hours (sleep restricted) per night, respectively. Physical complaints in CON were higher (62), despite no difference observed in medical encounters.ConclusionsThe reduction in load carriage mass and inclusion of sprint interval training did not modify the adaptative or maladaptive responses to infantry training. Most trainees experienced chronic suboptimal sleep quantity and quality with over 15% classified as sleep restricted.
High-grade liver injury: outcomes with a trauma surgery–liver surgery collaborative approach
Authors: Ramos-Jimenez Rafael G , Deeb Andrew-Paul , Truong Evelyn I , Newhouse David , Narayanan Sowmya , Alarcon Louis , Bauza Graciela M , Brown Joshua B , Forsythe Raquel , Leeper Christine , Mohan Deepika , Neal Matthew D , Puyana Juan Carlos , Rosengart Matthew R , Schuchert Vaishali Dixit , Sperry Jason L , Watson Gregory , Zuckerbraun Brian , Marsh J Wallis , Humar Abhinav , Geller David A , Billiar Timothy R , Peitzman Andrew B , Tevar Amit D 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundOperative mortality for high-grade liver injury (HGLI) remains 42% to 66%, with near-universal mortality after retrohepatic caval injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate mortality and complications of operative and nonoperative management (OM and NOM) of HGLI at our institution, characterized by a trauma surgery–liver surgery collaborative approach to trauma care.MethodsThis was an observational cohort study of adult patients (age ≥16) with HGLI (The American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grades IV and V) admitted to an urban level I trauma center from January 2010 to November 2021. Data were obtained from the electronic medical record and state trauma registry. Patients were categorized by management strategy: immediate OM or planned NOM. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.ResultsOur institution treated 179 patients with HGLI (78% blunt, 22% penetrating); 122 grade IV (68%) and 57 grade V (32%) injuries. All abdominal gunshot wounds and 49% of blunt injuries underwent initial OM; 51% of blunt injuries were managed initially by NOM. Procedures at the initial operation included hepatorrhaphy±packing (66.4%), nonanatomic resection (5.6%), segmentectomy (9.3%), and hepatic lobectomy (7.5%). Thirty-day mortality in the OM group was substantially lower than prior reports (23.4%). Operative mortality attributable to the liver injury was 15.7%. 19.4% of patients failed NOM with one death (1.4%).ConclusionWe report an operative mortality of 23.4% for HGLI in a trauma care system characterized by a collaborative approach by trauma surgeons and liver surgeons.Level of evidenceIII
Universal cosmological solutions in Lovelock gravity
Authors: Nikolaev A. V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the Friedmann field equations within the framework of Lovelock gravity, a natural extension of Einstein’s gravity, focusing on both flat and open universes. Utilizing an approach based on independent Riemann tensor components, we derive generalized Friedmann equations for Lovelock gravity and categorize the solutions into Type I and Type II. We identify additional vacuum solutions in a flat universe and present a comprehensive solution for a pressure-free scenario in an open universe, both unique to Lovelock gravity. These findings provide new insights into the cosmological implications of Lovelock gravity and offer a foundation for further exploration into the universe’s evolutionary trajectory.
An identity involving co-commuting generalized skew derivations with nilpotent values on prime rings
Authors: Andaloro Milena , Scudo Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

Let [Formula: see text] be a noncommutative prime ring, with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] its right Martindale quotient ring and [Formula: see text] its extended centroid. Suppose that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are generalized skew derivations of [Formula: see text], associated with the same automorphism [Formula: see text] of R, and [Formula: see text] a fixed integer. If [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], then either [Formula: see text], the ring of [Formula: see text] matrices over [Formula: see text] or there exist [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text].
Assessment of Hermetia illucens larvae performance reared on raw or contaminated peanut by-products with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Crosta M. , Reguzzi M.C. , Cominelli F. , Chillin I. , Battilani P. , Mazzoni E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The peanut supply chain is characterised by a high production of by-products, mainly shells and small pods, often discarded by processing companies. However, the richness of nutritive substances makes these products valuable as feed substrates for Hermetia illucens larvae rearing. Therefore, the aims of this work were to (1) evaluate the performance of H. illucens larvae reared on peanut by-products and (2) study the effect of various levels of fungal contamination in by-products on H. illucens larvae performance, focusing on growth and mortality. Two agro-industrial peanut by-products (rich by-product, R; poor by-product, P) were ground and mixed in different percentages (0-100%, step 10%) to obtain 11 different feeding substrates, then rehydrated to 70% moisture. Three different trials were conducted using these substrates, with three-day-old H. illucens larvae reared for 10 days. Whereas, the effect of fungal contamination was investigated by inoculating chicken feed (standard, S) and substrate P5R5 (50% P and 50% R) with two spore suspensions (Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum, 105 spore/mL), at three different inoculation times (5, 3 and 0 days before the addition of larvae). The substrate composition considerably impacted larval growth, with the highest larval weight increase obtained when R reached 50% in the substrate. Fungal contamination in by-products significantly reduced larvae performance, with a stronger negative effect from A. flavus. These findings suggest the potential for enhancing peanut by-products as a rearing substrate for H. illucens larvae, although the composition and the possible fungal contamination may reduce the effectiveness of the process.
Intra-arterial lidocaine administration of lidocaine in middle meningeal artery for short-term treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-related headaches
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I , Bains Navpreet K , Bhatti Ibrahim A , Jani Vishal , Suri M Fareed K , Bhogal Pervinder 
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose We report short- and intermediate-term effects on headaches with intra-arterial injection of lidocaine in the middle meningeal artery in patients with severe headaches associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods We treated seven patients with intra-arterial lidocaine in doses up to 50 mg in each middle meningeal artery via a microcatheter bilaterally (except in one patient). We recorded the maximum intensity of headache (graded by 11-point numeric rating scale) prior to procedure and every day for the next 10 days or discharge, whichever came first. We identified changes in the middle meningeal artery pre- and post-intra-arterial lidocaine administration and quantified from Grade 0 (no change) to Grade 5 (severe narrowing or near occlusion of anterior and posterior dural branches or proximal middle meningeal artery that precludes adequate imaging of distal branches). Results We observed improvement in severity of headaches of headache in all seven subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. The resolution of headache was immediate and complete in four patients, unilateral immediate resolution in one patient, and delayed complete resolution in patient. Two patients met the definition of severe headache (defined as 2 or more days with maximum pain scores of 8 or greater or need for 3 or more different analgesics for 2 or more days) post-lidocaine treatment. One of these patients had are lapse in headache with the severity matching pretreatment severity and required a second treatment. On analysis of angiographic data, there was consistent narrowing of middle meningeal arteries after administration of intra-arterial lidocaine and was graded as 5 in 2 arteries, 4 in 10 arteries, and 3 in 2 arteries. Conclusions We found that intra-arterial injection of lidocaine can result in consistent amelioration of headache in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The therapeutic benefit may be related to vasoconstriction (reversal of vasodilation) in the middle meningeal arteries after administration of lidocaine.
Subthalamic and nigral stimulation for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: Randomized pilot trial
Authors: Artusi Carlo Alberto , Ledda Claudia , Gallo Silvia , Rinaldi Domiziana , Campisi Corrado , Rousseau Vanessa , Thalamas Claire , Barbosa Raquel , Ory-Magne Fabienne , Brefel-Courbon Christine , Rascol Olivier , de Barros Amaury , Harroch Estelle , Zibetti Maurizio , Rizzone Mario Giorgio , Romagnolo Alberto , Imbalzano Gabriele , Lopiano Leonardo , Houeto Jean Luc , Fabbri Margherita 
Published: January 2025

Background Freezing of gait (FoG) is a debilitating symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) with limited response to dopaminergic medication and subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). Substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) stimulation could improve FoG. Objective To analyze the effect of combined STN-SNr stimulation at different frequencies on FoG. Methods We performed a double-blind, cross-over, randomized pilot trial involving STN-DBS treated PD patients with FoG. Participants received: high-frequency (HF) STN-DBS (S), combined HF-STN and SNr stimulation (C1), and combined HF-STN and low-frequency (LF) SNr stimulation (C2), for one month each. The primary endpoint was the score change in the New-Freezing-of-Gait-Questionnaire (NFOG-Q). Secondary analyses were performed on motor complications, axial symptoms, daily living activities, psychiatric symptoms, sleep, and patient preference. Results Fifteen patients received at least one combined stimulation. No significant difference in NFOG-Q scores was found between S, C1, and C2; one-third of patients showed a clinically significant improvement (≥8 points) with combined stimulations. Motor complications improved significantly with C1 and C2 (C1-S: 3.6 ± 3.8 vs. 4.9 ± 3.8, p = 0.046; C2-S: 2.7 ± 3.1 vs. 4.9 ± 3.8, p = 0.005). 80% of patients preferred the combined STN-SNr stimulation while blinded. All adverse events were manageable. Conclusions Our study did not prove a statistically significant improvement in NFOG-Q with STN-SNr stimulation; however, one-third of patients experienced a clinically meaningful FoG improvement, and the majority preferred to maintain STN-SNr stimulation. STN-SNr stimulation was both safe and effective in addressing motor complications and improving sleep quality, highlighting the importance of further exploration into the effects of combined STN-SNr stimulation.
Association between bacterial presence in urinalysis and hypertension during pregnancy in women at Margono Hospital, Purwokerto: A single-center study in Indonesia
Authors: Marlina Dina , Utomo Aditya , Adinda Adriansyah Putri Nadhira , Sumawan Herman , Handono Budi , Aziz Muhammad Alamsyah 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are prevalent among pregnant women and can lead to serious maternal and neonatal complications. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, a leading cause of maternal morbidity, may be associated with urinary tract infections. This study investigates whether bacteriuria detected via routine urinalysis, a standard screening in Indonesia, contributes to hypertension risk during pregnancy, aiming to enhance clinical management and screening protocols. Aim of Study: To evaluate the association between bacteriuria detected through routine urinalysis and hypertension during pregnancy in women at Margono Hospital, Purwokerto. Methods: This study was conducted at Margono Hospital, Indonesia; the study included all pregnant women who delivered in 2022–2023, applying specific exclusion criteria. Urine samples were analyzed for bacteriuria, and statistical analysis determined the prevalence ratio and odds ratio for the correlation of bacteriuria and risk of hypertension. Results: Hypertension prevalence was 1.52 times higher in patients with bacteriuria. The odds ratio was 1.379 (confidence intervals: 0.751–2.532) with a statistically significant p-value of <0.003. These findings indicate a significant association ( p < 0.05) between positive bacteriuria and increased risk of hypertension and preeclampsia. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant association between bacteriuria and hypertension in pregnancy, including severe complications like impending eclampsia. Pregnant women with urinary tract infections should be closely monitored for preeclampsia. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms linking urinary tract infections and hypertension during pregnancy.
Implications of Diminishing Lifespan Marginal Utility for Valuing Equity in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Braithwaite R. Scott 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Diminishing marginal lifespan utility (DMLU) implies that a particular lifespan increment (e.g., 1 life-year) confers lesser marginal utility if added to longer lifespans (e.g., 90 y to 91 y) than to shorter lifespans (e.g., 60 y to 61 y) if quality of life is unchanged. Because DMLU is difficult to disambiguate from discounting, risk attitude, and other elements of utility “curvature,” it is poorly characterized. However, the imperative to consider equity in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) renders its characterization more important. Methods. I add certainty to the characterization of DMLU through literature review and illustrative example. The literature review synthesizes stated preference studies of utility curvature that exclude risk or probability. The example compares alternative valuations of approaches to reduce inequality in cystic fibrosis outcomes between US centers serving mostly White patients and centers serving mostly non-Black Hispanic patients, with versus without DMLU. Results. The existence of DMLU is likely, and empirical data support its relevance over typical CEA time horizons. The imperative to consider equity in CEA magnifies the importance of DMLU for several reasons. First, intergenerational CEAs require lower discount rates that are less likely to incidentally absorb DMLU. Second, DMLU is incompatible with the use of absolute measures of inequality aversion. Third, DMLU may bias the interpretation of relative measures of inequality aversion toward prioritarianism. Finally, not considering DMLU implicitly biases life-year–based metrics against equity. Conclusion. DMLU is likely to exist, can benefit from additional characterization, and may merit inclusion in CEA alongside discounting. Omitting consideration of DMLU will sometimes confer an antiequity bias and may affect the interpretation of CEAs incorporating inequality aversion. Highlights Diminishing marginal lifespan utility (DMLU) means that the value of extending lifespan may differ based on the duration of life already lived. DMLU is not typically considered in cost-effectiveness analyses. Not considering DMLU may bias cost-effectiveness analyses against equity. Not considering DMLU may reduce the accuracy of distributive cost-effectiveness analyses and other approaches to consider equity along with efficiency.
Optimizing Masks and Random Screening Test Usage within K-12 Schools
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Mayorga Maria E. , Ivy Julie S. , Swann Julie L. 
Published: January 2025

Background. COVID-19 tremendously disrupted the global health system. People of all ages were at risk of becoming infected. Frequent school closures raised concerns about both the physical and mental health of school-age children. Many studies discussed the effectiveness of various interventions, while few focused on optimizing such interventions. Methods. This study aimed to optimize the usage of random screening tests and masking requirements within K-12 schools. We simulated the disease transmission within a school setting and sought to find the most efficient schedules for schools to arrange their weekly screening tests and mask mandates. The goal was to minimize the number of the end-of-semester infections as well as to use the minimum number of resources. We applied the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm, NSGA-II, to solve this multiobjective optimization problem. We also compared results when polymerase chain reaction (PCR) versus rapid antigen tests were used. Results. The NSGA successfully found Pareto solutions when optimizing the end-of-semester infections, the total number of tests, and the total number of weeks masking. The screening tests and masks can serve as alternatives to one another when prioritizing minimizing the number of infections. In addition, due to the faster return of testing results and lower accuracy, the rapid antigen tests had a similar effect as PCR tests. Conclusion. Our study provides policy makers in K-12 schools with valuable insights. The conclusions derived from this research can serve as a solid foundation for making informative decisions regarding random screening tests and universal masking policies. Highlights Our simulation optimization framework was used to design weekly schedules for random screening tests and masking within K-12 schools to mitigate COVID-19 infections. We considered multiple objectives and applied the NSGA-II algorithm to find a Pareto solution set. Based on local context and preferences, decision makers can trade off testing and masking to achieve a similar number of end-of-semester infections. When a few weeks of masks are mandated, it is best to use them at the beginning of a semester.
iMulch: an investigation of the influence of polymers on a terrestrial ecosystem using the example of mulch films used in agriculture
Authors: Wolf Carmen , Wenzel Mike , Fischer Björn , Bertling Ralf , Jelen Erich , Hennecke Dieter , Weinfurtner Karlheinz , Roß-Nickoll Martina , Hollert Henner , Weltmeyer Antonia , Bitter Kristina , Ruiz Pauline , Banduka Dusica , Tuerk Jochen , Blank Lars M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This article provides an overview of the iMulch joint project, which analysed the use of polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable mulch films made of a polylactide (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) on agricultural land as a source of microplastic. The development of a detection methodology using Raman spectroscopy and thermo-extraction desorption gas chromatography mass–spectrometry (TED-GC–MS), the adsorption behaviour, ageing in drainage water and soil, their transport behaviour in lysimeters, ecotoxicity, uptake in plants, a life cycle assessment (LCA) and upcycling were considered.

Results
The PE film tested showed hardly any degradation or fragmentation during the ageing tests. The biodegradable films showed incipient degradation after 8 weeks in drainage water and initial degradation after 12 weeks in soil ageing experiments. Additionally no degradation could be detected in the lysimeter test within the 24 months analysed. The biodegradable films could be metabolized in laboratory tests with some microorganisms present in the soil. This indicates that these films can be degraded in the environment if the conditions for degradation are optimal. No microorganisms or fungi that could degrade the PE film within a respective period of time were detected in the soil. Adsorption of the tested substances was not observed. Incorporated in soil, mulch film microplastic showed retention of extractable pesticides. In the ecotoxicological tests, both film types showed no acute toxic effects in the earthworm Eisenia fetida and the springtail Folsomia candida. Endocrine activity was observed in eluate samples from both films. However, aged films showed fewer effects than non-aged films.

Conclusion
Both types of film show no transport or degradation in the tests under real conditions, which means that they remain in the upper soil layer, where they are available to soil organisms and can lead to high concentrations in the future. As the biodegradable film could be degraded, at least under ideal conditions, we recommend its use. However, proof of degradation must first be verified under real field conditions. In addition, we recommend the use of thicker conventional mulch films to minimize the emission of plastic particles. For this purpose, a minimum lower limit for the material thickness should be defined.

Graphical Abstract