bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Behavioral Activation Group Treatment Prior to Individual Therapy for Depression
Authors: Limpächer Cara , Ziem Max , Hoyer Jürgen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Group therapy has the potential to reach more people seeking treatment at the same time while achieving similar success rates as individual therapy. We examined whether adding group therapy (behavioral activation) before individual therapy shortens the duration of therapy while being no less effective than pure individual therapy. In a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outpatient clinic, we analyzed data from N = 290 patients diagnosed with depression. While comparing group plus individual versus pure individual therapy, we controlled for systematic differences using propensity score matching. Patients receiving group therapy prior to individual therapy waited significantly shorter for treatment and needed fewer individual sessions. Linear mixed model analysis of depression scores revealed a significant interaction between time and condition, indicating that patients in the combination treatment improved faster than patients who received individual therapy only. Prior group treatment with behavioral activation increases the efficiency of outpatient CBT for depression.
Oxygen Depletion in Arctic Lakes: Circumpolar Trends, Biogeochemical Processes, and Implications of Climate Change
Authors: Klanten Y. , Couture R.‐M. , Christoffersen K. S. , Vincent W. F. , Antoniades D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolar amplification of climate change has the potential to cause large‐scale shifts in the dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics of Arctic lakes, with implications for fish survival, greenhouse gas production, and drinking water quality. While DO is also a sentinel of environmental changes of physical, chemical, and biological nature (e.g., ice cover, temperature, dissolved organic carbon, photosynthesis, and respiration), no synthesis exists of current knowledge of DO dynamics across the diverse freshwater systems of the Arctic. We thus conducted a systematic review of the literature that yielded DO data from 167 sites north of the Subarctic limit (based on vegetation zones), spanning 76 years and including 40 sites with time series. The compilation revealed insufficient observations for adequate representativeness of oxygen dynamics over Arctic ecosystem gradients. We described the main processes controlling DO budgets of Arctic lakes and tested relationships of summer oxygen depletion with maximum depth and latitude. The meta‐analysis showed that most sites with low O2 concentrations were shallow (<10 m) and situated toward the southern end of the latitudinal gradient. Permanently stratified lakes with deep, perennially anoxic basins were located toward the northern end of the gradient. By way of a conceptual model, we identified the direct and indirect drivers and mechanisms that lead to changes in oxygen budgets in the context of the warming Arctic. This comprehensive update on available data allowed us to suggest future research directions and recommend the use of moored instruments for continuous all‐season observations, combined with modeling, remote sensing, and paleo‐reconstructions.
Physical Drivers of Monthly Variation in Phytoplankton Community in the Tidal Freshwater Zone of the Macrotidal Qiantang River Estuary, Eastern China: Implications for Reducing the Risk of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms
Authors: Jiang Zhibing , Du Wei , Zhu Yuanli , Guo Ran , Zhan Lin , Sun Zhenhao , Wang Degang , Zeng Jiangning 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Qiantang river estuary flows into Hangzhou Bay, on the East China Sea, and has one of the largest tidal bores worldwide. The tidal freshwater zone (TFZ) in this shallow macrotidal estuary is subjected to strong riverine and marine forcings. We investigated monthly variation of phytoplankton and environmental drivers in the upper and lower sections of TFZ during 2016. Large numbers of phytoplankton taxa (422) and genera (161) were identified. Diatoms were dominant in most months, but cyanobacteria abundance reached its greatest in warm months when runoff was low. Surprisingly, relatively high dominances of marine diatom species (e.g., Cyclotella stylorum, Skeletonema, and Thalassiosira) were observed in the TFZ with salinities usually <1 PSU. Microcystis contributed up to 50% to phytoplankton abundance in the upper TFZ in September, consistent with upstream bloom events. Abundances of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria were significantly negatively correlated with monthly runoff and sediment fluxes. Generalized additive models suggested that variation in phytoplankton abundance was largely explained by river flow, temperature and nutrients. Phytoplankton community composition varied significantly across different months and sections. Redundancy analysis indicated that temperature and flow rate explained more variation in phytoplankton community than other variables, but nutrients, Secchi depth and salinity also contributed significantly to the explained variation. Variance partitioning analysis confirmed that phytoplankton variation was largely regulated by physical variables rather than nutrients. These findings highlight the unexpectedly great phytoplankton species richness, dominance of marine diatoms, and physical drivers in the eutrophic macrotidal TFZ under strong tidal forcing.
Precipitation‐Driven Gamma Radiation Enhancement Over the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Barbosa Susana , Dias Nuno , Almeida Carlos , Silva Guilherme , Ferreira António , Camilo António , Silva Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGamma radiation over the Atlantic Ocean was measured continuously from January to May 2020 by a NaI(Tl) detector installed on board the Portuguese navy's ship NRP Sagres. Enhancements in the gamma radiation values are identified automatically by an algorithm for detection of anomalies in mean and variance as well as by visual inspection. The anomalies are typically +50% above the background level and relatively rare events (∼<10% of the days). All the detected anomalies are associated with simultaneous precipitation events, consistent with the wet deposition of scavenged radionuclides. The enhancements are detected in the open ocean even at large distances (+500 km) from the nearest coastline. Back trajectories reveal that half of these events are associated with air masses experiencing continental land influences, but the other half do not display evidence of recent land contact. The enhancements in gamma radiation very far from land and with no evidence of continental fetch from back trajectories are difficult to explain as resulting only from radionuclides with a terrestrial source such as radon and its progeny. Further investigation and additional measurements are needed to improve understanding on the sources of ambient radioactivity in the open ocean and assess whether gamma radiation in the marine environment is influenced not only by radionuclides of terrestrial origin, but also cosmogenic radionuclides, like Beryllium‐7, formed in the upper atmosphere but with the ability to be transported downward and serve as a tracer of the aerosols to which it attaches.
On the Geomorphic, Meteorological, and Hydroclimatic Drivers of the Unusual 2018 Early Summer Salt Dust Storms in Central Asia
Authors: Xi Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA series of synoptically forced dust events, including an extreme salt storm from the Aralkum desert, stuck large parts of Central Asia during early summer 2018, causing flight cancellation, widespread haze, and salt deposition on croplands. This manuscript explores the geomorphic, meteorological, and hydroclimatic drivers of the unusual dust activity based on the three prerequisite factors of dust outbreak: sediment supply, sediment availability, and dust‐uplifting winds. Dry lake beds and lower river floodplains are identified as the source area of frequent dust episodes likely due to the abundant supply of fine‐grain sediments. Whereas, minimal dust activity was detected at the region's major sandy deserts. The salt dust storms were triggered by cold intrusion and strong postfrontal winds at the southeast flank of a rapidly developing anticyclone over western Russia which was enhanced by the Scandinavian blocking upstream. The 2018 early summer dust events in Central Asia were identified as part of spatially compounding weather hazards linked to a slow‐moving synoptic wave pattern across the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Finally, the aeolian sediment availability at the dust source areas was enhanced by below‐average soil moisture and vegetation during summer 2018 linked to reduced precipitation in the preceding winter. The 2017/18 winter precipitation deficit was driven by a double‐dip, Central Pacific La Niña episode associated with large‐scale precipitation‐suppressing subsidence and enhanced moisture flux divergence over Central Asia.
How a Stable Greenhouse Effect on Earth Is Maintained Under Global Warming
Authors: Feng Jing , Paynter David , Menzel Raymond 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a warming climate, greenhouse gases modulate thermal cooling to space from the surface and atmosphere, which is a fundamental feedback process that affects climate sensitivity. Recent studies have found that when relative humidity (RH) is constant with global warming, Earth's clear‐sky longwave feedback would be dominated by surface cooling to space. Using a millennium‐length coupled general circulation model and accurate line‐by‐line radiative transfer calculations, here we show that the atmospheric cooling to space accounts for 12%–50% of the feedback parameter from poles to tropics. A simple yet comprehensive model is proposed here for explaining the atmospheric feedback process. It is found that when RH is held constant, the atmospheric feedback stabilizes the climate because (a) water vapor spectral lines are weakened by the collision‐broadening effect between water vapor and radiatively inert background gases, and (b) thermal emissions from other greenhouse gases increases due to enhanced Planck emission which is proportional to the surface warming. Each mechanism is responsible for half of the atmospheric feedback. We further elucidate that in hotter climates, the atmospheric feedback is more stabilizing because of (a) greater tropospheric opacity, and (b) more dramatic changes in air temperature with respect to transmission, owing to the pseudo‐adiabatic expansion of air with surface warming. The sum of surface and atmospheric feedback, the clear‐sky longwave feedback is accurately predicted by the simple model from the climate base state. Our study provides a theoretical way for assessing Earth's clear‐sky longwave feedback, with important implications for Earth‐like planets.
Semi‐Automatic Tuning of Coupled Climate Models With Multiple Intrinsic Timescales: Lessons Learned From the Lorenz96 Model
Authors: Lguensat Redouane , Deshayes Julie , Durand Homer , Balaji Venkatramani 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for History Matching (HM) to tune a climate system with multi‐scale dynamics. By considering a toy climate model, namely, the two‐scale Lorenz96 model and producing experiments in perfect‐model setting, we explore in detail how several built‐in choices need to be carefully tested. We also demonstrate the importance of introducing physical expertise in the range of parameters, a priori to running HM. Finally we revisit a classical procedure in climate model tuning, that consists of tuning the slow and fast components separately. By doing so in the Lorenz96 model, we illustrate the non‐uniqueness of plausible parameters and highlight the specificity of metrics emerging from the coupling. This paper contributes also to bridging the communities of uncertainty quantification, machine learning and climate modeling, by making connections between the terms used by each community for the same concept and presenting promising collaboration avenues that would benefit climate modeling research.
Reducing Aerosol Forcing Uncertainty by Combining Models With Satellite and Within‐The‐Atmosphere Observations: A Three‐Way Street
Authors: Kahn Ralph A. , Andrews Elisabeth , Brock Charles A. , Chin Mian , Feingold Graham , Gettelman Andrew , Levy Robert C. , Murphy Daniel M. , Nenes Athanasios , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Popp Thomas , Redemann Jens , Sayer Andrew M. , da Silva Arlindo M. , Sogacheva Larisa , Stier Philip 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAerosol forcing uncertainty represents the largest climate forcing uncertainty overall. Its magnitude has remained virtually undiminished over the past 20 years despite considerable advances in understanding most of the key contributing elements. Recent work has produced modest increases only in the confidence of the uncertainty estimate itself. This review summarizes the contributions toward reducing the uncertainty in the aerosol forcing of climate made by satellite observations, measurements taken within the atmosphere, as well as modeling and data assimilation. We adopt a more measurement‐oriented perspective than most reviews of the subject in assessing the strengths and limitations of each; gaps and possible ways to fill them are considered. Currently planned programs supporting advanced, global‐scale satellite and surface‐based aerosol, cloud, and precursor gas observations, climate modeling, and intensive field campaigns aimed at characterizing the underlying physical and chemical processes involved, are all essential. But in addition, new efforts are needed: (a) to obtain systematic aircraft in situ measurements capturing the multi‐variate probability distribution functions of particle optical, microphysical, and chemical properties (and associated uncertainty estimates), as well as co‐variability with meteorology, for the major aerosol airmass types; (b) to conceive, develop, and implement a suborbital (aircraft plus surface‐based) program aimed at systematically quantifying the cloud‐scale microphysics, cloud optical properties, and cloud‐related vertical velocities associated with aerosol‐cloud interactions; and (c) to focus much more research on integrating the unique contributions of satellite observations, suborbital measurements, and modeling, to reduce the persistent uncertainty in aerosol climate forcing.
Crustal‐Scale Disharmonic Structural Pattern of West Junggar: Unveiling a Permian Indentation of Junggar Block Into Northern Kazakhstan Orocline
Authors: Miao Yazhou , Zhang Jian , Schulmann Karel , Guy Alexandra , Jiang Yingde , Sun Min , Zhang Shuhui , Wang Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a crustal‐scale orocline in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the Kazakhstan Orocline in particular its northern limb intervenes the Junggar Block and Chinese Altai. The West Junggar exhibits a structural pattern that is disharmonic from the major structure of the orocline. How and when such a structural complexity was formed remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we carried out detailed mapping, structural analysis and revision of geophysical data in three key areas of the West Junggar. It is shown that different arc chains experienced independent geological histories before they accreted with one another. Such an accretionary process generated the regional D1 deformation in late Carboniferous. Subsequent D2 shortening event produced variable superimposed structures, including crescent‐mushroom‐like folding in the Boshchekul‐Chingiz Arc and partitioned sinistral shearing of the West Karamay Unit. The synformal folding in the Zharma‐Saur Arc and crustal‐scale Erqis‐Zaysan sinistral strike‐slip shearing in late Permian—Triassic probably resulted from changing configuration of regional stress. Combined with previous data, we propose that the orogenic fabrics of arc chains and accretionary wedges were primarily related to shaping the basic structural framework of the Kazakhstan Orocline until late Carboniferous. The anticlockwise rotation of the northern limb of the orocline was associated with the indentation of the Junggar Block into the arc chains. Progressive indentation resulted in the first passive bending of arc chains followed by deformation partitioning into simple shear dominated transpression along the western margin of the Junggar Block and pure shear dominated transpression away from the indenter.
The Leading Intermodel Spread of the Projected Changes in the Eurasian Continent Winter Surface Air Temperature and Large‐Scale Circulations From the CMIP6 Simulations
Authors: Liu Anqi , Huang Danqing , Huang Anning 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the intermodel spread of changes in the Eurasian winter surface air temperature (SAT) based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and explains it from the perspective of circulation under shared socioeconomic pathway 2–4.5. Results show that the leading intermodel spread of Eurasian SAT change, derived from the intermodel empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF), is characterized by a warming pattern of SAT change. This warming pattern is associated with the changes in the weakened Siberian High and Aleutian Low, the weakened subtropical jet, the poleward polar jet, and the tilting trough. The combination of these circulations has prevented the intrusion of the cold air to the south and therefore results in the warming SAT change pattern. Their relative contribution weights of the weakened Siberian High and Aleutian Low, the tilting East Asian trough, the weakened subtropical jet, and the poleward polar jet are 12.73%, 20.43%, 30.24%, 20.96%, and 15.64%, respectively. All these changes may be traced to the warm sea surface temperature (SST) changes in the western North Pacific and tropical Atlantic Ocean, via the meridional temperature gradient and wave trains, respectively. These warmings would be the potential metrics for reducing the intermodel uncertainties of the winter SAT projection at the end of the 21st century over the Eurasian continent.
Appreciation of Peer Reviewers for 2022
Authors: Zhang Minghua , Cheng Yafang , Fu Rong , Giorgi Filippo , Leung Ruby , Liang Xin‐Zhong , Mellouki Wahid , Randel William , Riemer Nicole , Rogers Robert , Russell Lynn , Yang Ping , Qian Yun , Hu Yongyun , Qie Xiushu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe editorial board of JGR Atmospheres thanks reviewers who refereed papers in 2022.
Chemiluminescent carbon nanodots for dynamic and guided antibacteria
Authors: Han Jiang-Fan , Lou Qing , Ding Zhong-Zheng , Zheng Guang-Song , Ni Qing-Chao , Song Run-Wei , Liu Kai-Kai , Zang Jin-Hao , Dong Lin , Shen Cheng-Long , Shan Chong-Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdvanced antibacterial technologies are needed to counter the rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Image-guided therapy is one of the most promising strategies for efficiently and accurately curing bacterial infections. Herein, a chemiluminescence (CL)-dynamic/guided antibacteria (CDGA) with multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity and chemiexcited near-infrared emission has been designed for the precise theranostics of bacterial infection by employing near-infrared emissive carbon nanodots (CDs) and peroxalate as CL fuels. Mechanistically, hydrogen peroxide generated in the bacterial microenvironment can trigger the chemically initiated electron exchange between CDs and energy-riched intermediate originated from the oxidized peroxalate, enabling bacterial induced inflammation imaging. Meanwhile, type I/II photochemical ROS production and type III ultrafast charge transfer from CDs under the self-illumination can inhibit the bacteria proliferation efficiently. The potential clinical utility of CDGA is further demonstrated in bacteria infected mice trauma model. The self-illuminating CDGA exhibits an excellent in vivo imaging quality in early detecting wound infections and internal inflammation caused by bacteria, and further are proven as efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial nanomedicines without drug-resistance, whose sterilizing rate is up to 99.99%.
Bloch theorem dictated wave chaos in microcavity crystals
Authors: Yi Chang-Hwan , Park Hee Chul , Park Moon Jip 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUniversality class of wave chaos emerges in many areas of science, such as molecular dynamics, optics, and network theory. In this work, we generalize the wave chaos theory to cavity lattice systems by discovering the intrinsic coupling of the crystal momentum to the internal cavity dynamics. The cavity-momentum locking substitutes the role of the deformed boundary shape in the ordinary single microcavity problem, providing a new platform for the in situ study of microcavity light dynamics. The transmutation of wave chaos in periodic lattices leads to a phase space reconfiguration that induces a dynamical localization transition. The degenerate scar-mode spinors hybridize and non-trivially localize around regular islands in phase space. In addition, we find that the momentum coupling becomes maximal at the Brillouin zone boundary, so the intercavity chaotic modes coupling and wave confinement are significantly altered. Our work pioneers the study of intertwining wave chaos in periodic systems and provide useful applications in light dynamics control.
Identification of schizophrenia symptom-related gene modules by postmortem brain transcriptome analysis
Authors: Miyahara Kazusa , Hino Mizuki , Shishido Risa , Nagaoka Atsuko , Izumi Ryuta , Hayashi Hideki , Kakita Akiyoshi , Yabe Hirooki , Tomita Hiroaki , Kunii Yasuto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is a multifactorial disorder, the genetic architecture of which remains unclear. Although many studies have examined the etiology of schizophrenia, the gene sets that contribute to its symptoms have not been fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to identify each gene set associated with corresponding symptoms of schizophrenia using the postmortem brains of 26 patients with schizophrenia and 51 controls. We classified genes expressed in the prefrontal cortex (analyzed by RNA-seq) into several modules by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and examined the correlation between module expression and clinical characteristics. In addition, we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia from Japanese genome-wide association studies, and investigated the association between the identified gene modules and PRS to evaluate whether genetic background affected gene expression. Finally, we conducted pathway analysis and upstream analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to clarify the functions and upstream regulators of symptom-related gene modules. As a result, three gene modules generated by WGCNA were significantly correlated with clinical characteristics, and one of these showed a significant association with PRS. Genes belonging to the transcriptional module associated with PRS significantly overlapped with signaling pathways of multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation, and opioid use, suggesting that these pathways may also be profoundly implicated in schizophrenia. Upstream analysis indicated that genes in the detected module were profoundly regulated by lipopolysaccharides and CREB. This study identified schizophrenia symptom-related gene sets and their upstream regulators, revealing aspects of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and identifying potential therapeutic targets.