bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Lives: The Impact of Parental Death on Early-Life Mortality and Height in the Netherlands, 1850–1940
Authors: Quanjer Björn , van Dijk Ingrid K. , Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge Matthias 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate how experiencing parental death in infancy, childhood, or adolescence affected individuals' health using two distinct measures: mortality before age 20 and young adult height. Using two complementary indicators of health enables us to gain more insights into processes of selection and the scarring of health. Employing nationally representative data for the Netherlands for the 1850–1940 period, we analyze the survival of roughly 36,000 boys and girls using Cox proportional hazard models, and the stature of more than 4,000 young adult men using linear regression models. Results show that losing a parent—particularly a mother—at an early age (0–1 or 1–5) was related to a strongly increased risk of mortality. We find no evidence that losing a parent at these ages affected stature in young adulthood. For boys, experiencing maternal death between ages five and 12 was strongly associated with a shorter young adult height; however, we did not find evidence for an association between experiencing paternal death and shorter stature. We conclude that stature may not be a particularly good measure of the effects of early-life adversity if the health shock greatly increases mortality, as these effects create potential issues of health selection.
District-Level Mortality Convergence in Reunified Germany: Long-Term Trends and Contextual Determinants
Authors: Hrzic Rok , Vogt Tobias , Brand Helmut , Janssen Fanny 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The mortality gap between former East and West Germany decreased rapidly in the decade following the reunification of the country in 1990. However, because no previous study has estimated life expectancy (e0) over time for all German districts, the extent of mortality convergence across districts and its determinants are largely unknown. We used a novel relational Bayesian model to estimate district e0 in Germany during 1997–2016, examined mortality convergence using a novel convergence groups approach, and explored the role of selected district characteristics in the process. Differences in e0 between German districts decreased for both sexes during 1997–2016, mainly driven by rapid mortality improvements in eastern German districts. However, considerable heterogeneity in district-level e0 trajectories within federal states was evident. For example, district clusters in northwestern Germany showed increasing e0 disadvantage, which led to a north–south divergence in mortality. A multinomial regression analysis showed a robust association between the e0 trajectory and the district-level tax base and long-term unemployment but not with hospital density. Thus, an equitable “leveling up” of health seems possible with policies investing in places and the people who inhabit them.
The role of a ciliary GTPase in the regulation of neuronal maturation of olfactory sensory neurons
Authors: Habif Julien C. , Xie Chao , de Celis Carlos , Ukhanov Kirill , Green Warren W. , Moretta Jordan C. , Zhang Lian , Campbell Robert J. , Martens Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) form embryonically and mature perinatally, innervating glomeruli and extending dendrites with multiple cilia. This process and its timing are crucial for odor detection and perception and continues throughout life. In the olfactory epithelium (OE), differentiated OSNs proceed from an immature (iOSN) to a mature (mOSN) state through well-defined sequential morphological and molecular transitions, but the precise mechanisms controlling OSN maturation remain largely unknown. We have identified that a GTPase, ARL13B, has a transient and maturation state-dependent expression in OSNs marking the emergence of a primary cilium. Utilizing an iOSN-specific Arl13b-null murine model, we examined the role of ARL13B in the maturation of OSNs. The loss of Arl13b in iOSNs caused a profound dysregulation of the cellular homeostasis and development of the OE. Importantly, Arl13b null OSNs demonstrated a delay in the timing of their maturation. Finally, the loss of Arl13b resulted in severe deformation in the structure and innervation of glomeruli. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown role of ARL13B in the maturation of OSNs and development of the OE.
Russia/Ukraine military conflict: Discussing the maritime element of the confrontation
Authors: Workman Harold Thomas , Dalaklis Dimitrios , Ávila-Zúñiga-Nordfjeld Adriana 
Published: January 2023

Within the globalization era, the conduct, resolution, and impact of international conflicts are frequently not limited solely to the belligerent states involved. Conflict influences distant countries and often illustrates the vulnerability of sea access to the security of coastal and landlocked nations, by factoring in that: import/export commodities are impacted; access to vital energy resources is undermined; and/or international resource distribution is threatened. Therefore, the maritime domain (and its military, legal, and commercial components) represents a Russia/Ukraine conflict cornerstone and the epicenter of this analysis. This conflict highlights maritime trade importance and re-establishes the strategic significance of protecting multi-polarity, the “rule of law”, and freedom of the seas within the Black Sea region (BSR), which today represents a very large concentration of power (involving actors like Russia, USA, NATO, EU) and has been the site of ten post-Cold War conflicts. Resultantly, maritime domain objectives and tactical events (on, above, and below the seas) require detailed analysis as hostilities continue, the norms and principles of international law are threatened and/or undermined, and prospective combat end-state(s) are considered. Such will define Russia’s and Ukraine’s future(s), as well as economic-diplomatic stability and the future of rules-based international order across the BSR, which is a vital maritime transport corridor.
Amidst increasing maritime emphasis, this conflict also illustrates transformational warfighting facets. In addition to troops, ships, and aircraft, modern battlefields now include issues like: Information Warfare outlets; “lawfare”; cyber threats; and adversaries with unprecedented Artificial Intelligence capabilities. The international community must acknowledge these skills yield warfighting capability to nations lacking capacity. As naval warfare equipment and tactics change, protecting sea lanes, preventing maritime hegemony, and upholding the “rule of law”, remain dominant-and are enhanced by globalization.
Equine piroplasmosis in northern Algeria: Haematological and serological parameters
Authors: Benfenatki A , Benfodil K , Miroud K , Zenia S , Khelef D , Ait-Oudhia K 
Published: January 2023

Equine piroplasmosis is an acute, subacute or chronic tick-borne disease due to Babesia caballi and/or Theileria equi, affecting Equidae and causing economic losses to horse breeders and poor performances during tournaments. The objectives were fourfold: first to determine the seroprevalence of piroplasmosis in horses via cELISA, second to establish the haematological profile of piroplasmosis in horses of different Algerian areas through optical microscopy, third to identify the risk factors associated with the infection, and forth to try to elucidate any eventual correlation between piroplasmosis and anaemia. The study was carried out in different regions of northern Algeria. A total of 182 horses of both sexes were blood tested to estimate the prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi via competitive ELISA and to examine microscopically thin stained blood smears looking for haematological alterations using a standard cell counter. Parasites were detected in 42.9% of horses after microscopic examination of thin blood smears. The seroprevalence of equine piroplasmosis infection using competitive ELISA was 39% and 1,1% for Theileria equi and Babesia caballi respectively. Therefore, equine piroplasmosis is present in different regions of Algeria with a predominance of positivity in the central region (54,5%). Season (winter), region (central) and intended activity are the risk factors significantly associated with the prevalence of the disease. Anaemia was observed in 34,61% of individuals but there was no significant differences between positive and negative populations. Piroplasmosis is endemic in Algeria. Measures such as limiting horses’ mobility should be taken to reduce/prevent dissemination
Seroprevalence of Fasciola-infection using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in large ruminants from Pakistan
Authors: Komal M , Afshan K , Zafar S , Firasat S , Qayyum M 
Published: January 2023

Fasciolosis, caused by liver fluke species of the genus Fasciola, are well recognized because of its high veterinary impact. Stool examination for Fasciola eggs is not a sensitive method, and limited efforts to find a reliable and cheaper means of detection are available. The present study aimed to develop rapid diagnostic ELISA test against fasciolosis. The excretory/secretory (ES) and somatic (SA) products of Fasciola helminths were analysed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Immunogenicity was evaluated by immunoblotting using hyperimmune sera raised in rabbits and seroprevalence was determined by indirect ELISA. The results of SA antigen of Fasciola species showed polypeptide bands ranged from 10kDa-100kDa, while ES antigen of Fasciola showed bands of 15kDa-55kDa. The immunoblotting results showed the most prominent bands against ES antibodies were 25, 35, 55-70, 100 and 250 kDa and SA antigens showed 10, 15-25, 35, 70, 100 and 250 kDa polypeptide bands. The sensitivity and specificity of developed indirect ELISA for SA antigens was 95.45% and 87.1%, while for ES antigens was 100% and 77.42% respectively. The overall seroprevalence recorded for fascioliasis based on SA antigen was 39.8% and 29.8% for ES antigen. The fasciolosis did not show significant association with host type, sex and age groups of examined animals, however significantly higher infection was found in months of September and October. The result provides sensitive in house immunodetection assay for diagnosis of fasciolosis alternative to commercial kits with high import cost.
Role of choline in ruminant nutrition: a detailed review
Authors: YAMAN FIRINCIOGLU Sema Yaman Fırıncıoglu , Irshad N 
Published: January 2023

Recent studies designate feed additives, such as rumen-protected choline (RPC), were seen decreasing the health disorders and upsurges the milk yield. Choline is an endogenous agent and the insufficiency of choline is very problematic. The deficiency has been documented in ruminants for a while. The scale of choline production is affected by administered dose, lactation stage, and basal diet composition. Endogenous synthesis through a pathway (PEMT) signifies a precarious source of choline. High occurrence of fatty liver disease happens in the dairy cows during lactation especially in the periparturient period and to lessen such incident high supply of choline is necessary. This supply is known to decrease the chances of hepatic fatty infiltration and upsurge the countenance of genes tangled in the transport of VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein). RPC typically provided as choline chloride is covered inside a shield of the fatty acid matrix. Therefore, to continue choline susceptibility on important mechanisms, like sparing of a methyl group (–CH3), supporting of animal metabolism, and remethylation of homocysteine via metabolite of betaine; choline must be provided in the rumen-protected form in the ration of dairy cows. Precisely concerning lactation, it is important to note that rumen-protected choline positively affects the performance of animals during the lactation period especially when supplementation started before calving and continues throughout the early lactation. But the difference of commercial products of rumen-protected choline in their rumen degradability and choline content is one of the big problems yet to be resolved.
The potential status of A1 and A2 variants of bovine beta-casein locus of some indigenous genetic resources reared in Turkey
Authors: Şahin Özcan , Boztepe Saim 
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the Beta-Casein gene (CSN2) polymorphism in four domestic cattle breed. The genomic DNA of 374 animals, including Anatolian Black (AB, n= 100), Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR, n= 100), Southern Anatolian Red (SAR, n= 87), Turkish Grey (TG, n= 87), were obtained, and C>A polymorphism in 67th amino acid in the 7th exons of β-casein gene was determined by TaqI enzyme with PCR-RFLP with method. The A1 allele frequency were determined in AB, EAR, SAR and TG as 0.200, 0.195, 0.190 and 0.201, respectively, while the A2 allele frequency were 0.800, 0.805, 0.810 and 0.799, respectively. A1 and A2 allele frequencies were generally calculated as 0.200 and 0.800, respectively. A1A1 genotypes in AB, EAR, SAR and TG breeds were 0.020, 0.070, 0.000 and 0.020, respectively; A1A2 genotypes were 0.360, 0.250, 0.380 and 0.360, respectively; A2A2 genotypes were determined as 0.620, 0.680, 0.620 and 0.620, respectively. The A1A1 genotype frequency has not been detected in the SAR breed. AB, EAR, SAR and TG cattle breeds were calculated as 0.360, 0.250, 0.379 and 0.356 for Ho; 0.320, 0.314, 0.307 and 0.321 for He and 0.380, 0.320, 0.379 and 0.379 for PIC, respectively. EAR and SAR population were not found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). However, AB and TG populations were found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in terms of β-casein gene (P> 0.05).In conclusion, AB, EAR, SAR and TG cattle breeds having A2A2 genotype commonly reared in Turkey are satisfactory and could be used in selection programs as a domestic genetic resource for A2 milk production in the future.
Mast Cell Tumour and Mammary Gland Carcinoma Collision Tumour. Case report and literature review.
Authors: Rifici C , Sfacteria A , Di Giorgio S , Giambrone G , Marino G , Mazzullo G 
Published: January 2023

Collision tumours are the coexistence, at the same venue, of distinct tumours not macroscopically distinguishable and consisting of two independent cell populations without histological admixture. In human medicine, collision tumours in different anatomical sites have been described. In the veterinary literature, few cases exist so far. A 12-year-old female Labrador with a mammary gland nodular lesion was presented for clinical examination. The nodule was surgically removed and underwent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Histopathological examination revealed two distinct malignant tumours: a mammary gland carcinoma and a cutaneous mast cells tumour. To the author's knowledge, the paper reports the first case of a collision tumour composed of mammary gland neoplasia and mast cell tumour. The rising interest in collision tumours suggests widening their knowledge and setting up a multimodal approach that includes surgery and targeted therapy.
Influence of lysozyme utilization with lactic acid bacteria in yoghurt on some foodborne pathogens
Authors: Ismail A , Deeb A , Alhawary I , Elkassas W , Hegazy Y 
Published: January 2023

Despite the existence of many different food preservation methods, foodborne pathogens are still the most common related problems to dairy products. Developing naturally alternative techniques to control such problems is necessary. This research was planned to assess the bacteriological quality of yoghurt samples commercially available in Kafr El-Sheikh city, Egypt. Also to study the impact of natural antibacterial agents on the inhibition of selected foodborne pathogens artificially inoculated in yoghurt samples. The obtained results revealed poor bacteriological quality of the examined yoghurt samples, as total staphylococci and coliforms were detected in 80% and 90% yoghurt samples, with mean values of 2.4 ×103±0.13× 103cfu/gm and 3.6×105± 2.4×105 MPN/gm, respectively. S. aureus was noticed in 4% of examined samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the pres­ence of virulence adhesion gene (clfA) in one isolate. E. coli was detected in 14% of yoghurt samples, then serologically identified as O146:H5 (2), O111:H2 (2), O125:H11 (1), O26:H10 (1) and O158:H7 (1). Artificially inoculated yoghurt with S. aureus (7.39 log cfu/gm) and E. coli (8.3 log cfu/gm), were used to investigate the ability of hen egg-white lysozyme either with LAB classic or with ABT-5 (L. acidophilus LA5+ S. thermophiles + Bifidobacterium Bb12) starter cultures to inhibit the growth of these pathogens. During refrigerated storage, all yoghurt batches showed a reduction in pH value. It was observed that both pathogens couldn't be detected in the yoghurt batch containing LAB classic starter + heated lysozyme. Furthermore, S. aureus was completely inhibited in that containing ABT-5 cultures alone, while E. coli decreased by 6.23 log. Conversely, there was not complete inhibition in other batches containing (LAB classic starter, LAB classic starter+ native lysozyme, ABT-5 culture+ native lysozyme and ABT-5 culture+ heated lysozyme) as the reduction rate during all storage periods for S. aureus count was 1.66, 2.63, 4.47 and 4.19 log, While for E. coli count was 3.3, 3.81, 5.53 and 4.89 log, respectively. This study highlighted the importance of adding natural antibacterial agents like lysozyme with LAB culture to yoghurt as a bio-control strategy to overcome foodborne pathogens that cause a public health hazard.
Molecular diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPR) in goats and sheep populations
Authors: Abdel-Rady A 
Published: January 2023

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important viral disease of goats and sheep. The disease is confused clinically with other infections such as the mild strain of rinderpest in small ruminants. Effective control measures for PPR need that a proper and rapid diagnostic technique of disease. Therefore, the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect suspected field samples collected from diseased goats and sheep in Dammam city, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia (KSA) has helped to give an effective diagnosis that was needed to control measure of the spread of the disease. This assay is based on the rapid purification of RNA on glass beads followed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The primers (NP3/NP4) were used to amplify specifically a fragment of about 350 bp, that technique has a more specific and sensitive method for rapid diagnosis of disease.Key words: Peste des petits ruminants virus; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; diagnosis; goats; sheep
The potency of a free maternal healthcare policy in achieving universal health coverage a cross-sectional qualitative study
Authors: Twum Peter , Besseah Yeboah Eric , Agyei-Baffour Peter , Akohene Mensah Kofi 
Published: January 2023

Background: The main focus of Ghana’s free maternal healthcare policy under the national health insurance scheme was to reduce the maternal mortality ratio. Aim: This study aims at ascertaining the potency of this policy in the achievement of universal health coverage in Ghana. Method: A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted in the Bibiani-Anwiaso-Bekwai Municipality from June to December 2021 among women in their reproductive age (15-49 years) to ascertain how the policy has enhanced women’s access to maternal healthcare thereby facilitating the attainment of universal health coverage. Written informed consent and permission to participate in the study was obtained from each participant. In the case of those under 18 years, consent was sought from their parents/guardians A multistage sampling technique was used to select districts, health facilities and study participants. Focus group discussion and four key informants interviews were conducted among two nurses and two midwives who were selected using purposive sampling. The data obtained from respondent was analysed using content analysis. Results: Generally the women included in this study were knowledgeable about the policy as they recounted that, through the policy, health services they could not afford before are now accessible without any financial constraints. This means that the policy has provided many women and neonates access to maternal healthcare and healthcare in general and therefore has contributed to the attainment of universal health coverage in the municipality. Conclusions: The policy has provided financial access to women in maternal healthcare in particular and healthcare in general. This shows that the policy has a strong potential to contribute to the attainment of universal health coverage in the municipality and the country at large. Therefore, women should be encouraged to subscribe to the health insurance policy
Syncope and subsequent traffic crash: A responsibility analysis
Authors: Staples John A. , Erdelyi Shannon , Merchant Ketki , Yip Candace , Khan Mayesha , Redelmeier Donald A. , Chan Herbert , Brubacher Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Physicians are often asked to counsel patients about driving safety after syncope, yet little empirical data guides such advice.

Methods
We identified a population-based retrospective cohort of 9,507 individuals with a driver license who were discharged from any of six urban emergency departments (EDs) with a diagnosis of ’syncope and collapse’. We examined all police-reported crashes that involved a cohort member as a driver and occurred between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. We categorized crash-involved drivers as ’responsible’ or ’non-responsible’ for their crash using detailed police-reported crash data and a validated responsibility scoring tool. We then used logistic regression to test the hypothesis that recent syncope was associated with driver responsibility for crash.

Results
Over the 7-year study interval, cohort members were involved in 475 police-reported crashes: 210 drivers were deemed responsible and 133 drivers were deemed non-responsible for their crash; the 132 drivers deemed to have indeterminate responsibility were excluded from further analysis. An ED visit for syncope occurred in the three months leading up to crash in 11 crash-responsible drivers and in 5 crash-non-responsible drivers, suggesting that recent syncope was not associated with driver responsibility for crash (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95%CI, 0.40–4.74; p = 0.67). However, all drivers with cardiac syncope were deemed responsible, precluding calculation of an odds ratio for this important subgroup.

Conclusions
Recent syncope was not significantly associated with driver responsibility for traffic crash. Clinicians and policymakers should consider these results when making fitness-to-drive recommendations after syncope.