bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function and biochemistry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during placebo analgesia: how the certainty of prior experiences shapes endogenous pain relief
Authors: Crawford Lewis S , Mills Emily P , Peek A , Macefield Vaughan G , Keay Kevin A , Henderson Luke A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Prior experiences, conditioning cues, and expectations of improvement are essential for placebo analgesia expression. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is considered a key region for converting these factors into placebo responses. Since dorsolateral prefrontal cortex neuromodulation can attenuate or amplify placebo, we sought to investigate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex biochemistry and function in 38 healthy individuals during placebo analgesia. After conditioning participants to expect pain relief from a placebo “lidocaine” cream, we collected baseline magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 7 Tesla over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Following this, functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected during which identical noxious heat stimuli were delivered to the control and placebo-treated forearm sites. There was no significant difference in the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, Myo-inositol, or N-acetylaspartate at the level of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between placebo responders and nonresponders. However, we identified a significant inverse relationship between the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and pain rating variability during conditioning. Moreover, we found placebo-related activation within the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and altered functional magnetic resonance imaging coupling between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the midbrain periaqueductal gray, which also correlated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex glutamate. These data suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex formulates stimulus–response relationships during conditioning, which are then translated to altered cortico-brainstem functional relationships and placebo analgesia expression.
Reliability and time-based efficiency of artificial intelligence-based automatic digital model analysis system
Authors: Yu Jae-Hun , Kim Ji-Hoi , Liu Jing , Mangal Utkarsh , Ahn Hee-Kap , Cha Jung-Yul 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Objectives
To compare the reliability, reproducibility, and time-based efficiency of automatic digital (AD) and manual digital (MD) model analyses using intraoral scan models.

Material and methods
Two examiners analysed 26 intraoral scanner records using MD and AD methods for orthodontic modelling. Tooth size reproducibility was confirmed using a Bland–Altman plot. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to compare the model analysis parameters (tooth size, sum of 12-teeth, Bolton analysis, arch width, arch perimeter, arch length discrepancy, and overjet/overbite) for each method, including the time taken for model analysis.

Results
The MD group exhibited a relatively larger spread of 95% agreement limits when compared with AD group. The standard deviations of repeated tooth measurements were 0.15 mm (MD group) and 0.08 mm (AD group). The mean difference values of the 12-tooth (1.80–2.38 mm) and arch perimeter (1.42–3.23 mm) for AD group was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) larger than that for the MD group. The arch width, Bolton, and overjet/overbite were clinically insignificant. The overall mean time required for the measurements was 8.62 min and 0.56 min for the MD and AD groups, respectively.

Limitations
Validation results may vary in different clinical cases because our evaluation was limited to mild-to-moderate crowding in the complete dentition.

Conclusions
Significant differences were observed between AD and MD groups. The AD method demonstrated reproducible analysis in a considerably reduced timeframe, along with a significant difference in measurements compared to the MD method. Therefore, AD analysis should not be interchanged with MD, and vice versa.
Heatwaves and their health risks: knowledge, risk perceptions and behaviours of the German population in summer 2022
Authors: Shamsrizi Parichehr , Jenny Mirjam Annina , Sprengholz Philipp , Geiger Mattis , Jäger Christopher Bruce , Betsch Cornelia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Heatwaves are becoming more common and impact health. We conducted a representative survey in June 2022 in Germany to determine people’s knowledge and protective behaviours on heat days. In data from 953 respondents, we found that a large proportion informed themselves about upcoming heat days, but there are considerable gaps in knowledge. While knowledge was not related to taking up protecting behaviour, other predictors were (e.g. risk perception). Health campaigns should therefore not only aim to improve knowledge but also address risk perceptions, facilitate social learning, communicate social norms and remove barriers that prevent protective behaviours.
Bees just wanna have fungi: a review of bee associations with nonpathogenic fungi
Authors: Rutkowski Danielle , Weston Makena , Vannette Rachel L 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBee–fungus associations are common, and while most studies focus on entomopathogens, emerging evidence suggests that bees associate with a variety of symbiotic fungi that can influence bee behavior and health. Here, we review nonpathogenic fungal taxa associated with different bee species and bee-related habitats. We synthesize results of studies examining fungal effects on bee behavior, development, survival, and fitness. We find that fungal communities differ across habitats, with some groups restricted mostly to flowers (Metschnikowia), while others are present almost exclusively in stored provisions (Zygosaccharomyces). Starmerella yeasts are found in multiple habitats in association with many bee species. Bee species differ widely in the abundance and identity of fungi hosted. Functional studies suggest that yeasts affect bee foraging, development, and pathogen interactions, though few bee and fungal taxa have been examined in this context. Rarely, fungi are obligately beneficial symbionts of bees, whereas most are facultative bee associates with unknown or ecologically contextual effects. Fungicides can reduce fungal abundance and alter fungal communities associated with bees, potentially disrupting bee–fungi associations. We recommend that future study focus on fungi associated with non-honeybee species and examine multiple bee life stages to document fungal composition, abundance, and mechanistic effects on bees.
Cost-effective In Vivo and In Vitro Mouse Models for Evaluating Anticryptosporidial Drug Efficacy: Assessing Vorinostat, Docetaxel, and Baicalein
Authors: Liu Mingxiao , Zhang Di , Wang Dongqiang , Wu Xiaodong , Zhang Ying , Yin Jigang , Zhu Guan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Cryptosporidiosis is a significant diarrheal disease in humans and animals. Immunodeficient mice are the primary small animal models, but their high costs and specialized breeding/housing requirements limit in vivo drug testing. Numerous anticryptosporidial lead compounds identified in vitro remain untested in vivo.

Methods
Cryptosporidium tyzzeri, a natural mouse parasite closely related to Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis, was isolated to establish an infection model in immunocompetent mice. The model was validated using classic anticryptosporidial drugs (paromomycin and nitazoxanide) and then employed to assess the efficacy of 3 new leads (vorinostat, docetaxel, and baicalein). An in vitro culture of C. tyzzeri was also developed to complement the animal model.

Results
Chronic C. tyzzeri infection was established in chemically immunosuppressed wild-type mice. Paromomycin (1000 mg/kg/d) and nitazoxanide (100 mg/kg/d) demonstrated efficacy against C. tyzzeri. Vorinostat (30 mg/kg/d), docetaxel (25 mg/kg/d), and baicalein (50 mg/kg/d) were highly effective against C. tyzzeri infection. In vitro, nitazoxanide, vorinostat, docetaxel, and baicalein exhibited low to submicromolar efficacy against C. tyzzeri.

Conclusions
Novel in vivo and in vitro models have been developed for cost-effective anticryptosporidial drug testing. Vorinostat, docetaxel, and baicalein show potential for repurposing and/or optimization for developing new anticryptosporidial drugs.
Effects of permethrin on ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental nurseries
Authors: Williamson Zia V , Blaauw Brett R , Joseph Shimat V 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Exotic ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), such as Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), and Xylosandrus compactus (Eichoff) are serious pests in southeastern ornamental nurseries. Preventative pyrethroid trunk sprays effectively reduce boring damage. However, it is unclear how pyrethroids such as permethrin prevent attack. Thus, the objective was to determine how permethrin-treated bolts interact with invading ambrosia beetles. In 2022, a study with 2 independent trials was conducted in a nursery on red maple (Acer rubrum L.), bolts during March and April, respectively. The treatments were (i) nonbaited, nontreated bolt, (ii) ethanol baited bolt, (iii) nonbaited bolt + glue [painted on bolt], (iv) ethanol baited bolt + glue, (v) ethanol baited bolt + glue + permethrin, (vi) ethanol baited bolt + glue + permethrin + verbenone, and (vii) ethanol baited bolt + glue + verbenone. Ambrosia beetles trapped on glue, beetles which fell into the pail with soap solution under the bolts, and entry holes on bolts were quantified. Permethrin prevented beetle attacks but did not reduce the number of ambrosia beetles landing on the treated bolts. Verbenone reduced ambrosia beetles from landing on the bolts but did not prevent boring into bolts. The numbers of ambrosia beetles in soapy water were not significantly different among treatments. Ambrosia beetles are landing on permethrin-treated bolts but not boring into the bolts, implying that fresh permethrin residues may not be necessary for ambrosia beetle management.
(284) EXPECTATIONS AND GENETIC KNOWLEDGE WITHIN AUSTRIAN ANDROLOGIST: A NATIONWIDE SURVEY ANALYSIS. TRUTH OR ILLUSION?
Authors: Prof. Germar-Michael Pinggera , Dr. Yannic Kunz , Dr. Jana Wurzacher , Dr. Tatjana Heisinger , Dr. Markus Huebner , Prof. Wolfgang Horninger ,   On behalf and thanks to the assistance of the Austrian Andrological Working Group
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Recent advances in genetics are shedding light on previously unknown topics in male infertility in the last decade, thus gaining higher importance to these diagnostics. Meanwhile, therapeutic management become often determined by novel genetic/epigenetic findings, therefore, it is essential for practising andrologists to have an adequate knowledge armamentarium.

Methods
To assess individual genetic knowledge correlated to male infertility and doctors’ expectations we performed an anonymous online survey among Austrian Andrologists and compared these results to one global survey of experts in the field. All Austrian Andrological Working Group members were invited to fill in a short online questionnaire independently.

Results
The survey was viewed 67 times, 34 experts started it with a completion rate of 85.29% by 5 dropouts after starting. Average time to complete: 3,5 min.
Interviewed for the request for genetic investigations in infertile men with NOA/OAT syndrome, only 73.33 % responded with yes, whereas 13.33% no. Overall-Matrix-Scorecard (for maximal 5-score) rating about the importance of genetic investigations in such men is reported in Table 1.
Karyogram-analysis will be performed in 32,8%, AZF-microdeletion-mutations-investigations in 31,34% and CFTR-mutation in 22,39% for such men, even less the majority is believing that more sophisticated genetic investigations will help understand male infertility (probably and absolutely yes in 64% and 28%).
Regarding their own training in genetics, respondents are believing that they are adequately prepared in 26.67% and not at all in 23.23%; 6,67 % answered somehow, but interestingly 43.33% responded that it could definitively be better.

Conclusions
The online survey showed exemplary that there is obviously a desire for better knowledge of basic genetic knowledge for adequate therapy of male infertility Furthermore, the current practice is not guideline-oriented. Andrologist specialists appear not comfortable with their own medical education in human genetics. Finally, these national results are in line with the international survey.

Conflicts of Interest
None
Sheep serve as a reservoir of Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype V infection
Authors: Nikkholgh Sivash , Pchelin Ivan M , Zarei Mahmoudabadi Ali , Shabanzadeh-Bardar Mahbubeh , Gharaghani Maral , Sharifzadeh Aghil , Mokhtari Hooyeh Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Rasoul , Nouripour-Sisakht Sadegh , Katiraee Farzad , Rezaei-Matehkolaei Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Human infections by Trichophyton mentagrophytes occur mainly due to contact with diseased animals. In Iran, T. mentagrophytes genotype V is the most prevalent variant of the fungus. We aimed to determine the animal reservoir of T. mentagrophytes genotype V infection. The study was done on a total of 577 dermatophyte strains obtained from animals with signs of dermatophytosis and human patients. The list of extensively sampled animals included sheep, cows, cats and dogs. For human cases, epidemiological data were collected. All dermatophyte isolates from animals along with 70 human isolates morphologically similar to T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes genotype V were identified by rDNA internal transcribed spacer region restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. A total of 334 animal dermatophyte strains were identified as Microsporum canis, T. mentagrophytes genotype V, T. verrucosum, Nannizzia gypsea, T. mentagrophytes genotype II*, T. mentagrophytes genotype VII, T. quinckeanum, and N. fulva. All clinical isolates identified as T. mentagrophytes genotype V originated from skin and scalp infections. Almost all veterinary isolates of T. mentagrophytes genotype V were cultured from sheep, but epidemiological data on animal-to-human transmission of T. mentagrophytes genotype V infection were limited and we found evidence in favor of interhuman transmission. In Iran, sheep maintain T. mentagrophytes genotype V population and therefore serve as animal reservoir of respective infections. The role of sheep as the source of human dermatophytosis due to T. mentagrophytes genotype V isolates is yet to be proven.
Carbonates and ices in the z = 0.89 galaxy-absorber towards PKS 1830–211 and within star-forming regions of the Milky Way
Authors: Bowey Janet E 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
A pair of 6.0 and 6.9 μm absorption features are frequently observed in Milky Way (MW) molecular-clouds and YSOs; they also occur in the z = 0.886 rest-frame of a molecule-rich spiral galaxy obscuring blazar PKS 1830–211. I calibrate χ2-fitting methods, which match observations with two or three laboratory spectra. The 6.0-μm component is dominated by H2O ice, as expected. Included MW sources were selected using opacity criteria which limit the range of explored H2O-ice column densities to 1.6–2.4 × 1018 molecules cm−2, while the H2O-ice density in the galaxy absorber is (2.7 ± 0.5) × 1018 molecules cm−2. CH3OH ice and / or small (&lt; 0.1-μm-sized) Ca- and Mg-bearing carbonates contribute at 6.9 μm. The 41 per cent CH3OH:H2O molecular ratio in the PKS 1830–211 absorber is significantly higher than in the molecular cloud towards Taurus-Elias 16 (&lt;7.5 per cent) and similar to the highest value in MW YSOs (35 per cent in AFGL 989). Fitted carbonate (-CO3):H2O ratios in the galaxy absorber of 0.091 per cent are low in comparison to most of the ratios detected in the MW sample (0.2 per cent–0.4 per cent; ∼0 per cent in AFGL 989). Inorganic carbonates could explain the increased oxygen depletion at the diffuse-medium-to-molecular-cloud transition, which Jones and Ysard associated with unobserved organic carbonates or materials with a C:O ratio of 1:3.
The halo mass function and filaments in full cosmological simulations with fuzzy dark matter
Authors: May Simon , Springel Volker 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Fuzzy dark matter (FDM) is a dark matter candidate consisting of ultralight scalar particles with masses around $10^{-22}\, \mathrm{eV}/c^2$, a regime where cold bosonic matter behaves as a collective wave rather than individual particles. Although constraints on FDM are accumulating in many different contexts, very few have been verified by self-consistent numerical simulations. We present new large numerical simulations of cosmic structure formation with FDM, solving the full Schrödinger–Poisson (SP) equations using the AxiREPO code, which implements a pseudo-spectral numerical method. Combined with our previous simulations, they allow us to draw a four-way comparison of matter clustering, contrasting results (such as power spectra) for each combination of initial conditions (ICs; FDM versus cold dark matter, CDM) and dynamics (SP versus N-body). By disentangling the impact of ICs and non-linear dynamics in this manner, we can gauge the validity of approximate methods used in previous works, such as ordinary N-body simulations with an FDM initial power spectrum. Due to the comparatively large volume achieved in our FDM simulations, we are able to measure the FDM halo mass function from full wave simulations for the first time, and compare to previous results obtained using analytic or approximate approaches. We also investigate the density profiles of these filaments and compare to their ΛCDM counterparts.
Would Carnap Have Tolerated Modern Metaphysics?
Authors: Cohen Wouter A , Marschall Benjamin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAbstractIt is well known that Carnap, early in his philosophical career, took most of metaphysics to consist of meaningless pseudostatements. In contrast to this meaning-theoretic critique of metaphysics, we develop what we take to be Carnap’s later value-based critique. We argue that this later critique is forceful against several central contemporary metaphysical debates, its origin in the principle of tolerance notwithstanding.
The New Collapse Argument against Quantifier Variance
Authors: Sider Theodore 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuantifier variantists accept multiple alternative ontological languages in which quantifiers obey the usual inference rules despite having different meanings. But collapse arguments seem to show that these quantifiers would be provably equivalent to one another. Cian Dorr has pushed this discussion forward by formulating the collapse argument in terms of an algebra of meanings that are common amongst the languages. I attempt to show that quantifier variantists can respond. But an important distinction between types of quantifier variance emerges, between those in which quantifier meanings draw on a single objective backbone of “portions of reality,” and those (such as the type that is arguably associated with neo-Fregeanism) in which they do not.
Temporal trends in mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Danish population-based matched cohort study
Authors: Soussi Bolette G , Duch Kirsten , Cordtz René L , Lindhardsen Jesper , Kristensen Salome , Bork Christian S , Linauskas Asta , Schmidt Erik B , Dreyer Lene 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the 5-year all-cause mortality in patients with RA compared with the general population.

Methods
This was a nationwide population-based matched cohort study. RA patients diagnosed between 1996 and the end of 2015 were identified using administrative heath registries and followed until the end of 2020 allowing 5 years of follow-up. Patients with incident RA were matched 1:5 on year of birth and sex with non-RA individuals from the Danish general population. Time-to-event analyses were performed using the pseudo-observation approach.

Results
Compared with matched controls in 1996–2000, the risk difference for RA patients ranged from 3.5% (95% CI 2.7%, 4.4%) in 1996–2000 to –1.6% (95% CI –2.3%, –1.0%) in 2011–15, and the relative risk from 1.3 (95% CI 1.2, 1.4) in 1996–2000 to 0.9 (95% CI 0.8, 0.9) in 2011–15. The age-adjusted 5-year cumulative incidence proportion of death for a 60-year-old RA patient decreased from 8.1% (95% CI 7.3%, 8.9%) when diagnosed in 1996–2000 to 2.9% (95% CI 2.3%, 3.5%) in 2011–15, and for matched controls from 4.6% (95% CI 4.2%, 4.9%) to 2.1% (95% CI 1.9%, 2.4%). Excess mortality persisted in women with RA throughout the study period, while the mortality risk for men with RA in 2011–15 was similar to their matched controls.

Conclusions
Enhanced improvement in mortality was found in RA patients compared with matched controls, but for sex-specific differences excess mortality was only persistent in women with RA.
Exploring radiographers’ perceptions and knowledge about patient lead shielding: a cross-sectional study in Greece and Cyprus
Authors: Stogiannos Nikolaos , Psimitis Aristotelis , Bougias Haralabos , Georgiadou Eleni , Leandrou Stephanos , Papavasileiou Periklis , Polycarpou Irene , Malamateniou Christina , McEntee Mark F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to explore radiographers’ knowledge, clinical practice and perceptions regarding the use of patient lead shielding in Greece and Cyprus. Qualitative data were analyzed using conceptual content analysis and through the classification of findings into themes and categories. A total of 216 valid responses were received. Most respondents reported not being aware of the patient shielding recommendations issued by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (67%) or the guidance issued by the British Institute of Radiology (69%). Shielding-related training was generally not provided by radiography departments (74%). Most of them (85%) reported that they need specific guidance on lead shielding practices. Also, 82% of the respondents said that lead shielding should continue to be used outside the pelvic area when imaging pregnant patients. Pediatric patients are the most common patient category to which lead shielding was applied. Significant gaps in relevant training have been identified among radiographers in Greece and Cyprus, highlighting the need for new protocols and provision of adequate training on lead shielding practices. Radiography departments should invest in appropriate shielding equipment and adequately train their staff.