bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear factors and mechanisms of L-80 steel casings
Authors: Osman Omer Alnoor , Merah Necar , Samad Mohammed Abdul , Baig Mirza Murtuza Ali , Samuel Robello , Alshalan Meshari , Alshaarawi Amjad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Casing wear in directional drilling is inevitable and may result in catastrophic failure of the casing column. It is thus essential to understand its mechanisms and quantify its extent by estimating the casing wear factor. In this research, actual field casing samples, drilling pipe joints and muds were considered. An in-house built testing facility was used to test several L-80 casing samples by considering three rotational speeds of the drill pipe tool joint (DP-TJ) (115, 154, and 207 rpm) and three side loads (1000 N, 1200 N and 1400 N). The influence of the water- and oil-based muds on the coefficient of friction, wear volume, wear factor and wear mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that under water-based mud (WBM) lubrication casing wear volume and wear factors were more than twice that of oil-based mud (OBM) lubrication. Moreover, it was observed that as the side load increased under both OBM and WBM lubrication at a constant rpm, both wear volume and wear factor increased. However, increasing the rotational speed while maintaining the side load constant decreased the wear factor, owing to the localized softening effect caused by the high heat generation at the contact area and the possible hydrodynamic lubrication regime change at higher speeds. The analysis of the digital microscopic images taken at the wear region shows that abrasive mechanism was dominant in the case of OBM lubrication. On the other hand, both abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms were present under WBM lubrication.
Habits and Reflective Processes in COVID-19 Transmission-reducing Behaviors: Examining Theoretical Predictions in a Representative Sample of the Population of Scotland
Authors: den Daas Chantal , Dixon Diane , Hubbard Gill , Allan Julia , Johnston Marie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Based on theory, COVID-19 transmission-reducing behaviors (TRBs) should become habitual because of their frequent performance. Habits have been hypothesized to develop through reflective processes and, to act in conjunction with them.

Purpose
We investigated the existence, development, and consequences of TRB habits, for physical distancing, handwashing, and wearing face coverings.

Methods
A representative sample of the Scottish population (N = 1,003) was interviewed by a commercial polling company in August–October 2020 and half were re-interviewed later. Measures included adherence, habit, personal routine tendency, reflective processes, and action control for three TRBs. Data were analyzed using general linear modeling, regression, and mediation analyses.

Results
Handwashing was most habitual; only face covering became more habitual over time. Routine tendencies predicted TRB habits, and adherence to handwashing and physical distancing. Those reporting greater habits reported better adherence, for physical distancing and handwashing, and this remained true after controlling for previous adherence. Reflective and habit processes independently predicted adherence for physical distancing and handwashing; only reflective processes were independently predictive for face covering. The relationship between planning and forgetting and adherence was partly direct, and partly mediated by habit.

Conclusions
The results confirm hypotheses from habit theory including the role of repetition and of personal routine tendency in developing habits. They are consistent with dual processing theory in finding that both reflective and habit processes predict adherence to TRBs. Action planning partly mediated the relation between reflective processes and adherence. The COVID-19 pandemic has enabled the testing and confirmation of several theoretical hypotheses about habit processes in the enactment of TRBs.
Assessment of inter-centre agreement across multidisciplinary team meetings for patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma
Authors: Tirotta Fabio , Hodson James , Alcorn Des , Al-Mukhtar Ahmed , Ayre Gareth , Barlow Adam , Chong Peter , Cosker Thomas , Dileo Palma , Figueiredo Rodrigo , French Jeremy , Gulamhusein Aziz , Jones Robert , Hayes Andrew , Key Catherine , Malik Hassan , Mahrous Ahmed , Mihai Radu , Nixon Ioanna , Partington Karen , Quinn Martha , Roberts James , Sayyed Raza , Shankar Arjun , Strauss Dirk , Turner Paul , Desai Anant 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Decision-making in the management of patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma is complex and requires input from a number of different specialists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of agreement in terms of resectability, treatment allocation, and organs proposed to be resected across different retroperitoneal sarcoma multidisciplinary team meetings.

Methods
The CT scans and clinical information of 21 anonymized retroperitoneal sarcoma patients were sent to all of the retroperitoneal sarcoma multidisciplinary team meetings in Great Britain, which were asked to give an opinion about resectability, treatment allocation, and organs proposed to be resected. The main outcome was inter-centre reliability, which was quantified using overall agreement, as well as the chance-corrected Krippendorff’s alpha statistic. Based on the latter, the level of agreement was classified as: ‘slight’ (0.00–0.20), ‘fair’ (0.21–0.40), ‘moderate’ (0.41–0.60), ‘substantial’ (0.61–0.80), or ‘near-perfect’ (&gt;0.80).

Results
Twenty-one patients were reviewed at 12 retroperitoneal sarcoma multidisciplinary team meetings, giving a total of 252 assessments for analysis. Consistency between centres was only ‘slight’ to ‘fair’, with rates of overall agreement and Krippendorff’s alpha statistics of 85.4 per cent (211 of 247) and 0.37 (95 per cent c.i. 0.11 to 0.57) for resectability; 80.4 per cent (201 of 250) and 0.39 (95 per cent c.i. 0.33 to 0.45) for treatment allocation; and 53.0 per cent (131 of 247) and 0.20 (95 per cent c.i. 0.17 to 0.23) for the organs proposed to be resected. Depending on the centre that they had attended, 12 of 21 patients could either have been deemed resectable or unresectable, and 10 of 21 could have received either potentially curative or palliative treatment.

Conclusions
Inter-centre agreement between retroperitoneal sarcoma multidisciplinary team meetings was low. Multidisciplinary team meetings may not provide the same standard of care for patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma across Great Britain.
Determination of Atropine by HPLC in Plant of Datura by Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Magnet Solid-Phase Extraction
Authors: Mahmoudi Shaida , Chaichi Mohamad Javad , Shamsipur Mojtaba , Nazari Ome Leila , Samadi Mayodi Abdol Rauf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid found in abundance in Datura plant. We used two liquid–liquid extraction methods and magnet solid-phase extraction to compare the amount of atropine in these two types of plants (Datura innoxia and Datura stramonium). The surface magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4 correction with an amine and dextrin, and finally, magnetic solid-phase extraction Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-dextrin (MNPs-dextrin), was prepared. We determined the effect of significant parameters in the removal step and optimization of atropine measurements with half-fractional factorial design (25–1) and response surface methodology via central composite design. The optimum conditions are for desorption solvent = 0.5 mL methanol and desorption time of 5 min. We obtained an extraction recovery of 87.63% with a relative standard deviation of 4.73% via six frequented measurements on a 1 μg L−1 atropine standard solution based on the optimum condition. Preconcentration factors for MNPs are 81, limit of detection = 0.76 μg L−1 and limit of quantitation = 2.5 μg L−1.
Magnetic sphincter augmentation as treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease after sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Grover Karan , Khaitan Leena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The sleeve gastrectomy’s efficacy for the reduction of excess weight- and obesity-related comorbidities has been consistently demonstrated though the improvement of postoperative reflux symptoms has been questionable. The purpose of this article is to offer a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for patients suffering from GERD after the sleeve gastrectomy. This article is comprised of recommendations of from a single expert bariatric and foregut surgeon. While previously thought to be a relative contraindication, evidence suggests that select patients with a history of sleeve gastrectomy can safely and effectively undergo magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) and achieve improved control of reflux and discontinuation of PPIs. Concomitant hiatal hernia repair with MSA is recommended. MSA is a fantastic strategy for managing GERD after sleeve gastrectomy with careful patient selection.
Heart transplantation as a rescue strategy for patients with refractory electrical storm
Authors: Martins Raphael P , Hamel-Bougault Mathilde , Bessière Francis , Pozzi Matteo , Extramiana Fabrice , Brouk Zohra , Guenancia Charles , Sagnard Audrey , Ninni Sandro , Goemine Céline , Defaye Pascal , Boignard Aude , Maille Baptiste , Gariboldi Vlad , Baudinaud Pierre , Martin Anne-Céline , Champ-Rigot Laure , Blanchart Katrien , Sellal Jean-Marc , De Chillou Christian , Dyrda Katia , Jesel-Morel Laurence , Kindo Michel , Chaumont Corentin , Anselme Frédéric , Delmas Clément , Maury Philippe , Arnaud Marine , Flecher Erwan , Benali Karim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
Heart transplantation (HT) can be proposed as a therapeutic strategy for patients with severe refractory electrical storm (ES). Data in the literature are scarce and based on case reports. We aimed at determining the characteristics and survival of patients transplanted for refractory ES.

Methods and results
Patients registered on HT waiting list during the following days after ES and eventually transplanted, from 2010 to 2021, were retrospectively included in 11 French centres. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Forty-five patients were included [82% men; 55.0 (47.8–59.3) years old; 42.2% and 26.7% non-ischaemic dilated or ischaemic cardiomyopathies, respectively]. Among them, 42 (93.3%) received amiodarone, 29 received (64.4%) beta blockers, 19 (42.2%) required deep sedation, 22 had (48.9%) mechanical circulatory support, and 9 (20.0%) had radiofrequency catheter ablation. Twenty-two patients (62%) were in cardiogenic shock. Inscription on wait list and transplantation occurred 3.0 (1.0–5.0) days and 9.0 (4.0–14.0) days after ES onset, respectively. After transplantation, 20 patients (44.4%) needed immediate haemodynamic support by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In-hospital mortality rate was 28.9%. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were serum creatinine/urea levels, need for immediate post-operative ECMO support, post-operative complications, and surgical re-interventions. One-year survival was 68.9%.

Conclusion
Electrical storm is a rare indication of HT but may be lifesaving in those patients presenting intractable arrhythmias despite usual care. Most patients can be safely discharged from hospital, although post-operative mortality remains substantial in this context of emergency transplantation. Larger studies are warranted to precisely determine those patients at higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
A Comprehensive Overview of Unit-Level Modeling of Survey Data for Small Area Estimation Under Informative Sampling
Authors: Parker Paul A , Janicki Ryan , Holan Scott H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModel-based small area estimation is frequently used in conjunction with survey data to establish estimates for under-sampled or unsampled geographies. These models can be specified at either the area-level, or the unit-level, but unit-level models often offer potential advantages such as more precise estimates and easy spatial aggregation. Nevertheless, relative to area-level models, literature on unit-level models is less prevalent. In modeling small areas at the unit level, challenges often arise as a consequence of the informative sampling mechanism used to collect the survey data. This article provides a comprehensive methodological review for unit-level models under informative sampling, with an emphasis on Bayesian approaches.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of the metabolome of climacteric fruit during ripening and post-harvest storage
Authors: Nicolaï Bart M , Xiao Hui , Han Qianyun , Tran Dinh Thi , Crouch Elke , Hertog Maarten L A T M , Verboven Pieter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fruit quality traits are determined to a large extent by their metabolome. The metabolite content of climacteric fruit changes drastically during ripening and post-harvest storage, and has been investigated extensively. However, the spatial distribution of metabolites and how it changes in time has received much less attention as fruit are usually considered as homogenous plant organs. Yet, spatio-temporal changes of starch, which is hydrolyzed during ripening, has been used for a long time as a ripening index. As vascular transport of water, and hence convective transport of metabolites, slows down in mature fruit and even stalls after detachment, spatio-temporal changes in their concentration are probably affected by diffusive transport of gaseous molecules that act as substrate (O2), inhibitor (CO2), or regulator (ethylene and NO) of the metabolic pathways that are active during climacteric ripening. In this review, we discuss such spatio-temporal changes of the metabolome and how they are affected by transport of metabolic gases and gaseous hormones. As there are currently no techniques available to measure the metabolite distribution repeatedly by non-destructive means, we introduce reaction–diffusion models as an in silico tool to compute it. We show how the different components of such a model can be integrated and used to better understand the role of spatio-temporal changes of the metabolome in ripening and post-harvest storage of climacteric fruit that is detached from the plant, and discuss future research needs.
The SATIN project – I. Turbulent multiphase ISM in Milky Way simulations with SNe feedback from stellar clusters
Authors: Bieri Rebekka , Naab Thorsten , Geen Sam , Coles Jonathan P , Pakmor Rüdiger , Walch Stefanie 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We introduce the star formation and supernova (SN) feedback model of the satin (Simulating AGNs Through ISM with Non-Equilibrium Effects) project to simulate the evolution of the star forming multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) of entire disc galaxies. This galaxy-wide implementation of a successful ISM feedback model tested in small box simulations naturally covers an order of magnitude in gas surface density, shear and radial motions. It is implemented in the adaptive mesh refinement code ramses at a peak resolution of 9 pc. New stars are represented by star cluster (sink) particles with individual SN delay times for massive stars. With SN feedback, cooling, and gravity, the galactic ISM develops a three-phase structure. The star formation rates naturally follow observed scaling relations for the local Milky Way gas surface density. SNe drive additional turbulence in the warm (300 &lt; T &lt; 104 K) gas and increase the kinetic energy of the cold gas, cooling out of the warm phase. The majority of the gas leaving the galactic ISM is warm and hot with mass loading factors of 3 ≤ η ≤ 10 up to h = 5 kpc away from the galaxy. While the hot gas is leaving the system, the warm and cold gas falls back onto the disc in a galactic fountain flow. The inclusion of other stellar feedback processes from massive stars seems to be needed to reduce the rate at which stars form at higher surface densities and to increase/decrease the amount of warm/cold gas.
3D evolution of neutron star magnetic fields from a realistic core-collapse turbulent topology
Authors: Dehman Clara , Viganò Daniele , Ascenzi Stefano , Pons Jose A , Rea Nanda 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We perform the first 3D fully coupled magneto-thermal simulations of neutron stars (including the most realistic background structure and microphysical ingredients so far) applied to a very complex initial magnetic field topology in the crust, similar to what was recently obtained by proto-neutron stars dynamo simulations. In such configurations, most of the energy is stored in the toroidal field, while the dipolar component is a few per cent of the mean magnetic field. This initial feature is maintained during the long-term evolution (∼106 yr), since the Hall term favours a direct cascade (compensating for Ohmic dissipation) rather than a strong inverse cascade, for such an initial field topology. The surface dipolar component, responsible for the dominant electromagnetic spin-down torque, does not show any increase in time, when starting from this complex initial topology. This is in contrast to the timing properties of young pulsars and magnetars which point to higher values of the surface dipolar fields. A possibility is that the deep-seated magnetic field (currents in the core) is able to self-organize in large scales (during the collapse or in the early life of a neutron star). Alternatively, the dipolar field might be lower than is usually thought, with magnetosphere substantially contributing to the observed high spin-down, via e.g. strong winds or strong coronal magnetic loops, which can also provide a natural explanation to the tiny surface hotspots inferred from X-ray data.
A decade of near-infrared variability in NGC4388: insights into the AGN structure
Authors: Dahmer-Hahn Luis G , Rodríguez-Ardila Alberto , Bianchin Marina , Riffel Rogemar A , Riffel Rogério , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Hao Lei 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Variability studies have proven to be a powerful diagnostic tool for understanding the physics and properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). They provide insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of the emitting regions, the structure and dynamics of the accretion disc, and the properties of the central black hole. Here, we have analysed the K-band spectral variability of the Seyfert 1.9/2 galaxy NGC 4388 spanning five epochs over a period of 10 yr. We have performed spectral synthesis of the nuclear region and found that the contribution of warm dust (T ∼ 800 K) declined by 88 per cent during these 10 yr. In the same period, the [Ca viii] coronal line decreased 61 per cent, whereas Br γ emission declined 35 per cent. For the He i and H2, we did not detect any significant variation beyond their uncertainties. Based on the time span of these changes, we estimate that the region where the warm dust is produced is smaller than 0.6 pc, which suggests that this spectral feature comes from the innermost part of the region sampled, directly from the AGN torus. On the other hand, the bulk of [Ca viii] is produced in the inner ∼2 pc and the nuclear Br γ region is more extended, spanning a region larger than 3 pc. Lastly, He i and H2 are even more external, with most of the emission probably being produced in the host galaxy rather than in the AGN. This is the first spectroscopic variability study in the near-infrared for an AGN where the central source is not directly visible.
Tidal evolution of close-in exoplanets and host stars
Authors: Ferraz-Mello S , Beaugé C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The evolution of exoplanetary systems with a close-in planet is ruled by the tides mutually raised on the two bodies and by the magnetic braking of the host star. This paper deals with consequences of this evolution and some features that can be observed in the distribution of the systems' two main periods: the orbital period and the stars rotational period. The results of the simulations are compared to plots showing both periods as determined from the light curves of a large number of Kepler objects of interest. These plots show important irregularities as a dearth of systems in some regions and accumulations of hot Jupiters in others. It is shown that the accumulation of short-period hot Jupiters around stars with rotation periods close to 25 d results from the evolution of the systems under the joint action of tides and braking, and requires a relaxation factor for Solar-type stars of around $10 \, \mathrm{ s}^{-1}$.
Origin and trends in NH4+ observed in the coma of 67P
Authors: Lewis Z M , Beth A , Altwegg K , Galand M , Goetz C , Heritier K , O’Rourke L , Rubin M , Stephenson P 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The European Space Agency/Rosetta mission escorted comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and witnessed the evolution of its coma from low activity (∼2.5–3.8 au) to rich ion-neutral chemistry (∼1.2–2.0 au). We present an analysis of the ion composition in the coma, focusing on the presence of protonated high proton affinity (HPA) species, in particular $\mathrm{{ NH}_{4}}^{+}$. This ion is produced through the protonation of NH3 and is an indicator of the level of ion-neutral chemistry in the coma. We aim to assess the importance of this process compared with other $\mathrm{{ NH}_{4}}^{+}$ sources, such as the dissociation of ammonium salts embedded in dust grains. The analysis of $\mathrm{{ NH}_{4}}^{+}$ has been possible thanks to the high mass resolution of the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis/Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer (ROSINA/DFMS). In this work, we examine the $\mathrm{{ NH}_{4}}^{+}$ data set alongside data from the Rosetta Plasma Consortium instruments, and against outputs from our in-house ionospheric model. We show that increased comet outgassing around perihelion yields more detections of $\mathrm{{ NH}_{4}}^{+}$ and other protonated HPA species, which results from more complex ion-neutral chemistry occurring in the coma. We also reveal a link between the low magnetic field strength associated with the diamagnetic cavity and higher $\mathrm{{ NH}_{4}}^{+}$ counts. This suggests that transport inside and outside the diamagnetic cavity is very different, which is consistent with 3D hybrid simulations of the coma: non-radial plasma dynamics outside the diamagnetic cavity is an important factor affecting the ion composition.
Planetesimals drifting through dusty and gaseous white dwarf debris discs: Types I, II and III-like migration
Authors: Veras Dimitri , Ida Shigeru , Grishin Evgeni , Kenyon Scott J , Bromley Benjamin C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The suite of over 60 known planetary debris discs which orbit white dwarfs, along with detections of multiple minor planets in these systems, motivate investigations about the migration properties of planetesimals embedded within the discs. Here, we determine whether any of the migration regimes which are common in (pre-)main-sequence protoplanetary discs, debris discs, and ring systems could be active and important in white dwarf discs. We investigate both dust-dominated and gas-dominated regions, and quantitatively demonstrate that Type I and Type II migration, as well as their particulate disc analogues, are too slow to be relevant in white dwarf discs. However, we find that the analogue of Type III migration for particulate discs may be rapid in the dusty regions of asteroid- or moon-generated (&gt;1018 kg) white dwarf discs, where a planetesimal exterior to its Roche radius may migrate across the entire disc within its lifetime. This result holds over a wide range of disc boundaries, both within and exterior to 1R⊙, and such that the probability of migration occurring increases with higher disc masses.