bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of Calcaneal and Talus Fractures
Authors: Willaume Thibault , Bierry Guillaume 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFractures of the calcaneus and talus are severe injuries that usually result from high-energy trauma. The calcaneus and talus are essential for the transmission of body weight, so an optimal reduction and/or fixation of fractures is required to prevent disabling consequences. These fractures almost always have an articular involvement, and an anatomical reduction is required; any residual step-off would lead to joint incongruity and secondary arthrosis.The aims of imaging are first, to guide management by describing the fracture characteristics (e.g., location, displacement, fragments, articular involvement, soft tissue compromise), and second, to detect early and late surgical complications (e.g., infection, malunion, nonunion, arthrosis, hardware issues). Although radiographs remain the first-line imaging modality for the screening of ankle and foot trauma, computed tomography is almost always required for the initial management and follow-up of the patient.
Interventional Imaging Techniques as Alternative to Surgery of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Burke Christopher J. , Walter William R. , Adler Ronald S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA variety of foot and ankle pathologies can impair patient's daily activities, ultimately requiring surgical management. However, with improvements in image-guided intervention, the joints, soft tissues, and osseous structures may be accessible using various percutaneous techniques as a potential alternative therapeutic tool, avoiding the need for surgery with its associated risks and morbidity. This article discusses the potential range of image-guided interventional treatments. Injections, aspiration, biopsies, cryoablation, and radiofrequency ablation are described. Newer novel treatments are also covered. Finally, the common pathologies of Morton's neuroma, Achilles tendinopathy, and plantar fasciitis are addressed.
Postsurgical Evaluation of the Pediatric Foot and Ankle
Authors: Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Bazzocchi Alberto , Simoni Paolo , Inarejos Clemente Emilio J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article reviews situations in which surgical treatment is required in the context of different types of pathology in the foot and ankle of children, focusing on the role of imaging in surgical planning and postsurgical assessment. The types of pathology analyzed from this perspective are congenital pathology, neuromuscular disorders, osteochondral lesions, fractures and infection, ligament injuries, and tumors.We address the most common pitfalls of postsurgical imaging of the ankle and foot in children. With some exceptions, postsurgical follow-up focuses on clinical assessment, with imaging follow-up only needed in patients where complications are suspected or symptoms recur. Postoperative assessment of the foot and ankle in children and adolescents requires knowing the indications for surgery and the most common types of interventions, along with their imaging characteristics. The radiologist needs to be aware of the normal sequence of development of structures and how to select adequate imaging techniques to assess anatomy at various stages or in different postsurgical scenarios.
Waterbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Edwards Sara , Angarita Ana M. , Talasila Sahithi , Berghella Vincenzo 
Published: February 2023

Despite patient interest, there is little evidence regarding waterbirth. This review sought to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in waterbirth, compared with landbirth. This search was conducted using MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, OVID, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 15, 2021, with no language or geographic restrictions. Review was registered with PROSPERO under registration number: CRD42021288576. Selection criteria included randomized controlled trials of women with singleton cephalic gestations at ≥36 weeks comparing waterbirth to landbirth. The primary outcome was a perinatal composite outcome. Secondary outcomes included maternal and individual perinatal outcomes. Summary measures were reported as relative risk or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals using random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird. I
2 (Higgins I
2) > 0% was used to identify heterogeneity. Six trials including 706 patients were included. When reported, all patients were ≥ 37 weeks' gestation. Labor augmentation (41.7 vs. 84.7%, p < 0.0001) and neuraxial anesthesia (10.5 vs. 72.4%, p < 0.0001) were less common with waterbirth. Estimated blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration, episiotomy, mode of delivery, and perinatal outcomes did not differ between groups. Chorioamnionitis and endometritis were not reported by any trial. Maternal satisfaction was higher (p = 0.01) and pain scores lower (p = 0.003) with waterbirth. Length of first stage (p < 0.00001), third stage (p = 0.02), and labor (p = 0.04) were shorter with waterbirth. The composite perinatal outcome could not be calculated due to lack of individual patient data. Compared with landbirth, waterbirth was associated with lower rates of neuraxial anesthesia and lower pain scores, with improved maternal satisfaction.
Key Points
Radio frequency dielectric measurements in diamond anvil cells
Authors: Chan Yuk Tai , Uykur Ece , Dressel Martin 
Published: February 2023

We present the modifications, performance, and test of a diamond anvil cell for radio frequency dielectric spectroscopy studies of single crystals that can be used from room temperature down to 4 K and up to pressures of 5–6 GPa. Continuous frequency-dependent measurements between 5 Hz and 1 MHz can be performed with this modified pressure cell. The cell has an excellent performance with temperature-, frequency-, and pressure-independent stray capacitance of around 2 pF, enabling us to use relatively small samples with a weak dielectric response.
Deep subwavelength hybrid metamaterial for low-frequency underwater sound absorption by quasi-Helmholtz resonance
Authors: Duan Mingyu , Yu Chenlei , Xin Fengxian , Lu Tian Jian 
Published: February 2023

We proposed an acoustic metamaterial with deep subwavelength thickness for low-frequency underwater sound absorption. The proposed hybrid metamaterial has a perforated facesheet, a fluid-filled square honeycomb core with inside rubber coating, and a fixed backsheet. A theoretical model is established to predict the sound absorption performance of this perforated honeycomb hybrid metamaterial based on the sound absorption theory of the micro-perforated panel and electro-acoustic analogy. The theoretical model agrees well with our finite element simulation. Results suggest that perfect sound absorption (99.9%) of the metamaterial occurs at 375 Hz, at which the thickness of the metamaterial is only 1/80 of the underwater sound wavelength. According to the simulation, most of the sound energy is consumed by the rubber coating. It can be analyzed that the rubber coating replaces the fluid in the square honeycomb resonant cavity improving the acoustic capacitance and acoustic resistance and triggering a quasi-Helmholtz resonance. This acoustic metamaterial also exhibits a broadband underwater sound absorption performance by parallel design with different perforations, which has a promising potential in engineering applications.
Composite phosphorylated-modified rice straw prepared for highly effective immobilisation of cadmium in agriculture contaminated soil
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Ai Xianbin , Wang Xiyang , Li Liang , Xin Zaijun , Sun Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2023

Environmental context Rice straw is generated in vast quantities each year, but although the cellulose structure is stable, only 20% is used effectively. The structure of rice straw gives it high porosity and active functional groups, which means it easily adsorbs metals, but few studies have applied it to metal-contaminated soil. This study showed that composite phosphorylated-rice straw can be highly effective for the immobilization of cadmium in contaminated soils. Rationale Rice straw is generated in vast quantities each year, but the effective utilisation rate is low. In order to develop full utilisation of rice straw and seek high-efficiency immobilising agents for cadmium contaminated soil, the objectives of this paper was to prepare a new modified rice straw material. Methodology Composite phosphorylated rice straw (CPRS) and phosphorylated rice straw (PRS) were synthesised, the apparent morphology and functional groups of CPRS and PRS were characterised by SEM-EDS and FT-IR, and the remediation ability of CPRS and PRS on cadmium contaminated soil were studied by pot experiment. Results The results showed that the order of maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) for Cd2+ was CPRS > PRS > RS, Qmax of CPRS for Cd2+ was 53.57 g kg−1. CPRS had a richer porosity, evidenced a PO43−EN22041_IE1.gif group stretching vibration and had calcium salt well-dispersed on its surface. The application of CPRS to Cd contaminated soil significantly improved the plant biomass (fresh biomass increased 66.97%, over control) and decreased the Chinese cabbage uptake of Cd (decreased 67.16%, over control). The chemical stability of cadmium in soil was enhanced by applying CPRS due to a decrease in the exchangeable Cd in soil in proportion (decreased 95.38–99.10%) to the increasing fractions of Cd bound to Fe/Mn oxides (increased 141.15–158.90%), and residual Cd (increased 4.76–6.99 times) following the application of CPRS as compared to control treatments. Discussion CPRS had an excellent immobilisation ability for cadmium contaminated soil, which was related to improved soil pH and cation exchange capacity. It possibly immobilises Cd in the soil via surface complexation through Cd–O groups at the surface of CPRS. Modified rice straw materials could be highly recommended as an efficient stabiliser to immobilise Cd in polluted agricultural soils.
The birth and evolution of solvated electrons in the water
Authors: Novelli Fabio , Chen Kaixuan , Buchmann Adrian , Ockelmann Thorsten , Hoberg Claudius , Head-Gordon Teresa , Havenith Martina 
Published: February 2023

The photo-induced radiolysis of water is an elementary reaction in biology and chemistry, forming solvated electrons, OH radicals, and hydronium cations on fast time scales. Here, we use an optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy setup to trigger the photoionization of water molecules with optical laser pulses at ~400 nm and then time-resolve the transient solvent response with broadband terahertz (THz) fields with a ~90 fs time resolution. We observe three distinct spectral responses. The first is a positive broadband mode that can be attributed to an initial diffuse, delocalized electron with a radius of (22 ± 1) Å, which is short lived (<200 fs) because the absorption is blue-shifting outside of the THz range. The second emerging spectroscopic signature with a lifetime of about 150 ps is attributed to an intermolecular mode associated with a mass rearrangement of solvent molecules due to charge separation of radicals and hydronium cations. After 0.2 ps, we observe a long-lasting THz signature with depleted intensity at 110 cm
−1
that is well reproduced by ab initio molecular dynamics. We interpret this negative band at 110 cm
−1
as the solvent cage characterized by a weakening of the hydrogen bond network in the first and second hydration shells of the cavity occupied by the localized electron.
Scale-invariance at the core of quantum black holes
Authors: Borissova Johanna N , Held Aaron , Afshordi Niayesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study spherically-symmetric solutions to a modified Einstein–Hilbert action with renormalization group (RG) scale-dependent couplings, inspired by Weinberg’s Asymptotic Safety scenario for quantum gravity. The RG scale is identified with the Tolman temperature for an isolated gravitational system in thermal equilibrium with Hawking radiation. As a result, the point of infinite local temperature is shifted from the classical black-hole horizon to the origin and coincides with a timelike curvature singularity. Close to the origin, the spacetime is determined by the scale-dependence of the cosmological constant in the vicinity of the Reuter fixed point: the free components of the metric can be derived analytically and are characterized by a radial power law with exponentα=3−1. Away from the fixed point, solutions for different masses are studied numerically and smoothly interpolate between the Schwarzschild exterior and the scale-invariant interior. Whereas the exterior of objects with astrophysical mass is described well by vacuum general relativity, deviations become significant at a Planck distance away from the classical horizon and could lead to observational signatures. We further highlight potential caveats in this intriguing result with regard to our choice of scale-identification and identify future avenues to better understand quantum black holes in relation to the key feature of scale-invariance.
Magnetic solitons due to interfacial chiral interactions
Authors: Paula Mellado , Tapia Ignacio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study solitons in a zig-zag lattice of magnetic dipoles. The lattice comprises two sublattices of parallel chains with magnetic dipoles at their vertices. Due to orthogonal easy planes of rotation for dipoles belonging to different sublattices, the total dipolar energy of this system is separable into a sum of symmetric and chiral long-ranged interactions between the magnets where the last takes the form of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) coupling. For a specific range of values of the offset between sublattices, the dipoles realize an equilibrium magnetic state in the lattice plane, consisting of one chain settled in an antiferromagnetic (AF) parallel configuration and the other in a collinear ferromagnetic fashion. If the offset grows beyond this value, the internal DM field stabilizes two Bloch domain walls at the edges of the AF chain. The dynamics of these solitons is studied by deriving the long-wavelength lagrangian density for the easy axis antiferromagnet. We find that the chiral couplings between sublattices give rise to an effective magnetic field that stabilizes the solitons in the antiferromagnet. When the chains displace respect to each other, an emergent Lorentz force accelerates the domain walls along the lattice.
Macrotexture deterioration for micromilled tunnel concrete pavement using 3D laser data
Authors: Yang Xinyi , Lu Bin , Jing Qingsong , Li Yang , Zhou Yukun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To ensure driving safety and cost effectively preserve pavements, unlike the traditional grooving, cutting joints, highway tunnels used micromilling resurfacing method to improve the skid resistance of concrete pavement. The sensor measured texture depth (SMTD) has been established for quantitatively evaluating micromilled surface quality. This paper explores the possibility of using three-dimensional line laser imaging technology to obtain the ‘full lane’ elevation data of the pavement, then through the calculation of the index SMTD, construct a road surface spatial and temporal deterioration model, and provide quality control covering the whole lane, and identify the problem areas. The results show that the road wear condition gradually worsens with the increase in opening time, after 24 months, the proportion of the good level (>0.55 mm) of the three cells is 70.5%, 75.1%, and 70.2%. Analysis of the test data for three cells revealed that the tunnel pavement shows canalization in wear. The most severely abraded section is offset by 200–300 mm toward the roadway median compared to the theoretical vehicle wheel track zone. Subsequent studies can expand the experimental conditions and consider more influencing factors to study further the texture deterioration of the micromilled pavement.
Development of an abdominal dose accumulation tool and assessments of accumulated dose in gastrointestinal organs
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Balter James , Dow Janell , Cao Yue , Lawrence Theodore S , Kashani Rojano 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Online adaptive radiotherapy has demonstrated improved dose conformality in response to inter-fraction geometric variations in the abdomen. The dosimetric impact of intra-fractional variations in anatomic configuration resulting from breathing, gastric contraction and slow configuration motion, however, have been largely ignored, leading to differences between delivered and planned. To investigate the impact of intra-fractional abdominal motions on delivered dose, anatomical deformations due to these three motion modes were extracted from dynamic MRI data using a previously developed hierarchical motion modeling methodology. Approach. Motion magnitudes were extracted from deformation fields between a reference state and all other motion states of the patient. Delivered dose estimates to various gastrointestinal organs (stomach, duodenum, small bowel and colon) were calculated on each motion state of the patient and accumulated to estimate the delivered dose to each organ for the entire treatment fraction. Main results. Across a sample of 10 patients, maximal motions of 33.6, 33.4, 47.6 and 49.2 mm were observed over 20 min for the stomach, duodenum, small bowel and colon respectively. Dose accumulation results showed that motions could lead to average increases of 2.0, 2.1, 1.1, 0.7 Gy to the maximum dose to 0.5cc (D0.5cc) and 3.0, 2.5, 1.3, 0.9 Gy to the maximum dose to 0.1cc (D0.1cc) for these organs at risk. From the 40 dose accumulations performed (10 for each organ at risk), 27 showed increases of modeled delivered dose compared to planned doses, 4 of which exceeded planned dose constraints. Significance. The use of intra-fraction motion measurements to accumulate delivered doses is feasible, and supports retrospective estimation of dose delivery to improve estimates of delivered doses, and further guide strategies for both plan adaptation as well as advances in intra-fraction motion management.
Applying the column generation method to the intensity modulated high dose rate brachytherapy inverse planning problem
Authors: Antaki Majd , Renaud Marc-André , Morcos Marc , Seuntjens Jan , Enger Shirin A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Intensity modulated high dose rate brachytherapy (IMBT) is a rapidly developing application of brachytherapy where anisotropic dose distributions can be produced at each source dwell position. This technique is made possible by placing rotating metallic shields inside brachytherapy needles or catheters. By dynamically directing the radiation towards the tumours and away from the healthy tissues, a more conformal dose distribution can be obtained. The resulting treatment planning involves optimizing dwell position and shield angle (DPSA). The aim of this study was to investigate the column generation method for IMBT treatment plan optimization. Approach. A column generation optimization algorithm was developed to optimize the dwell times and shield angles. A retrospective study was performed on 10 prostate cases using RapidBrachyMCTPS. At every iteration, the plan was optimized with the chosen DPSA which would best improve the cost function that was added to the plan. The optimization process was stopped when the remaining DPSAs would not add value to the plan to limit the plan complexity. Main results. The average number of DPSAs and voxels were 2270 and 7997, respectively. The column generation approach yielded near-optimal treatment plans by using only 11% of available DPSAs on average in ten prostate cases. The coverage and organs at risk constraints passed in all ten cases. Significance. The column generation method produced high-quality deliverable prostate IMBT plans. The treatment plan quality reached a plateau, where adding more DPSAs had a minimal effect on dose volume histogram parameters. The iterative nature of the column generation method allows early termination of the treatment plan creation process as soon as the dosimetric indices from dose volume histogram satisfy the clinical requirements or if their values stabilize.
Coplanar superconducting resonators with nonlinear kinetic inductance bridge
Authors: Kalacheva Daria , Fedorov Gleb , Khrapach Ivan , Astafiev Oleg 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a model and experimental realization of coplanar superconducting resonators terminated by a shunting kinetic inductance bridge made of ultra-thin Al films. The fabrication process that we propose allows us to create very homogeneous films, which makes them suitable for many applications in quantum devices. Due to the specific properties of the films, the resonators exhibit a Duffing oscillator behavior resulting in bifurcations and interactions between different power sources, which was previously observed in similar systems. Moreover, since the nonlinearity of such a system is concentrated at the bridge, while the wave propagates in a linear environment, it is possible to propose a simple model that accurately describes its behavior. We show that, when resonators are operated within a notch-port architecture, our model has a closed-form solution for the transmission coefficient and allows one to accurately extract parameters of the system, including the kinetic inductance of the bridge and its depairing current. Potential applications of such systems include tunable resonators, photon detectors, bifurcation and parametric amplifiers, as well as a measurement device for studying the properties of thin films.
Observation of an anomalous Hall effect in single-crystal Mn3Pt
Authors: Zuniga-Cespedes Belén E , Manna Kaustuv , Noad Hilary M L , Yang Po-Ya , Nicklas Michael , Felser Claudia , Mackenzie Andrew P , Hicks Clifford W 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Mn3X family of compounds was the first in which a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) was predicted to arise from a purely antiferromagnetic structure, due to the Berry curvature in momentum space. Nearly simultaneously with this prediction, a large AHE was observed experimentally in one of the hexagonal members of this family, Mn3Sn. Aligning antiferromagnetic domains, a necessary step for observation of the AHE, is more challenging for the cubic members of the Mn3X family, due to a combination of smaller spontaneous ferromagnetic moments and much stronger magnetic anisotropy. Here, we use a combination of uniaxial stress and applied magnetic field to align domains of bulk single-crystal Mn3Pt, and demonstrate for the first time a substantial AHE in a bulk sample of a cubic member of the Mn3X family. The AHE remains locked in with essentially no quantitative variation when the stress is ramped back to zero, which shows that it is not a consequence of any stress-induced ferromagnetic moment.
One μ to rule them all: CMB spectral distortions can probe domain walls, cosmic strings and low scale phase transitions
Authors: Ramberg Nicklas , Ratzinger Wolfram , Schwaller Pedro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a new probe of purely gravitationally coupled sectors with large
anisotropies. These anisotropies are damped via gravitational interactions with the baryon-photon
fluid, which is heated up in the process. The injected heat causes measurable distortions of the
cosmic microwave background spectrum. We give analytic estimates for the size of the distortions
and outline how to calculate them from first principles. These methods are applied to anisotropies
in the form of a domain wall/cosmic string network or caused by a first order phase transition or
scalar field dynamics. We find that this method can potentially probe large regions of previously
unconstrained parameter space and is very much complementary to up-coming searches of
gravitational waves caused by such dark sectors.