bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hee , Choi Byung‐Moon , Kang Pyoyoon , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Hee‐Soo , Jang Young‐Eun , Ji Sang‐Hwan , Noh Gyu‐Jeong , Cho Joo‐Youn , Kim Jin‐Tae 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiopulmonary bypass can affect the pharmacokinetics of anesthetic agents.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine for infants and small children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass based on population pharmacokinetics.MethodsWe enrolled 30 pediatric cardiac surgical patients in this study. After anesthetic induction with atropine (0.02 mg/kg), thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg), and fentanyl (2–3 μg/kg), we administered 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine for 10 min, followed by administration of 0.5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine per hour during surgery. At the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine was infused over 5 min. Arterial blood was obtained at predefined time points. A pharmacokinetic model was developed using NONMEM. Theory‐based allometric scaling with fixed exponents was applied. Weight, age, post‐menstrual age, fat‐free mass, whether to implement cardiopulmonary bypass and temperature were explored as covariates.ResultsA total of 376 blood samples were obtained from 29 children (age: 20.3 ± 19.3 months, weight: 9.7 ± 4.1 kg). A two‐compartment mammillary model with third compartment associated cardiopulmonary bypass procedure best explained the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine. The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (95% CI) standardized to a 70‐kg person were as follows: V1 (L) = 31.6 (17.9–39.5), V2 (L) = 90.1 (44.0–330), Cl (L/min) = 1.08 (0.70–1.25), Q (L/min) = 2.0 (1.05–3.46). Volume for third compartment associated cardiopulmonary bypass procedure (L) = 39.4 (19.3–50.9). Clearance was not influenced by the presence of cardiopulmonary bypass in this model.ConclusionWhen cardiopulmonary bypass is applied, the plasma concentration of dexmedetomidine decreases due to an increase in the volume of distribution, so a loading dose is required to maintain the previous concentration.
Ethical turn in the social sciences
Authors: Canceran Delfo C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the ethical or moral turn of the social sciences, especially in sociology in the works of Zygmunt Bauman and in anthropology in the works of Didier Fassin. These scholars have embarked on relating morals or ethics to their particular area of specialization. We note that their contributions have highlighted the moral or ethical questions in their respective field works and empirical observations and have produced moral or ethical discourses or frameworks in their respective area or field. Ethics or morality (sometimes) morals is not just a theory but also practice in their respective disciplines and advocacies. This moral or ethical practice is translated into questioning our cognitive frameworks and political consequences of globalization or consumerism affecting some groups or individuals in contemporary world. We shall consider morality as human actions while ethics is the reflections on those actions.
Religious education and the concept of universal fraternity in the light of the encyclical Fratelli tutti of Pope Francis
Authors: Rybicki Adam , Mąkosa Paweł , Mazur Radosław 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the face of growing tensions between nations, communities, and individuals, it is necessary to build understanding and dialog between them. Political, economic, and cultural activities are not always sufficient and effective, due to the fact that attitudes toward other people depend less on systemic solutions, laws, and procedures than on what is inside human beings, their empathy and solidarity. Pope Francis has therefore proposed a platform for understanding and peace‐building between people that relates to people's interior development, that is, the idea of universal fraternity. This term, used after Pope Francis, is understood as fraternity of both men and women, brothers and sisters. The article analyzes this concept and indicates how religious education in a broad sense can contribute to the promotion of this idea. The problem hereof can be expressed in the questions: How to understand the idea of universal fraternity, how to realize that we are all sisters and brothers, what concrete fruits could the realization of this idea bring? What role does religious education play in acceptance and understanding, and then implementation as well as promotion of this idea that cannot be reduced to the transmission of knowledge alone?
Criteria for solubility and nilpotency of finite groups with automorphisms
Authors: Acciarri Cristina , Guralnick Robert M. , Shumyatsky Pavel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLet be a finite group admitting a coprime automorphism . Let denote the set of all commutators , where belongs to an ‐invariant Sylow subgroup of . We show that is soluble or nilpotent if and only if any subgroup generated by a pair of elements of coprime orders from the set is soluble or nilpotent, respectively.
Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Rotating Systems Using Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents Estimated From Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Cassoni Gianni , Zanoni Andrea , Tamer Aykut , Masarati Pierangelo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The use of Lyapunov characteristic exponents to assess the stability of nonlinear, time-dependent mechanical systems is discussed. Specific attention is dedicated to methods capable of estimating the largest exponent without requiring the Jacobian matrix of the problem, which can be applied to time histories resulting from simulations performed with existing multibody solvers. Helicopter ground resonance is analyzed as the reference application. Improvements over the available literature are: the problem is formulated in physical coordinates, without eliminating periodicity through multiblade coordinates; the rotation of the blades is not linearized; the problem is modeled considering absolute positions and orientations of parts. The dynamic instability that arises at some angular velocities when the isotropy of the rotor is broken (e.g., caused by the failure of one lead-lag damper, a design test condition) is observed to evolve into a large amplitude limit cycle, where the usual Floquet–Lyapunov analysis of the linearized time-periodic simply predicts instability.
ASRA Pain Medicine consensus guidelines on the management of the perioperative patient on cannabis and cannabinoids
Authors: Shah Shalini , Schwenk Eric S , Sondekoppam Rakesh V , Clarke Hance , Zakowski Mark , Rzasa-Lynn Rachel S , Yeung Brent , Nicholson Kate , Schwartz Gary , Hooten W Michael , Wallace Mark , Viscusi Eugene R , Narouze Samer 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe past two decades have seen an increase in cannabis use due to both regulatory changes and an interest in potential therapeutic effects of the substance, yet many aspects of the substance and their health implications remain controversial or unclear.MethodsIn November 2020, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine charged the Cannabis Working Group to develop guidelines for the perioperative use of cannabis. The Perioperative Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids Guidelines Committee was charged with drafting responses to the nine key questions using a modified Delphi method with the overall goal of producing a document focused on the safe management of surgical patients using cannabinoids. A consensus recommendation required ≥75% agreement.ResultsNine questions were selected, with 100% consensus achieved on third-round voting. Topics addressed included perioperative screening, postponement of elective surgery, concomitant use of opioid and cannabis perioperatively, implications for parturients, adjustment in anesthetic and analgesics intraoperatively, postoperative monitoring, cannabis use disorder, and postoperative concerns. Surgical patients using cannabinoids are at potential increased risk for negative perioperative outcomes.ConclusionsSpecific clinical recommendations for perioperative management of cannabis and cannabinoids were successfully created.
Short-term and long-term survival in patients with prevalent haemodialysis—an integrated prognostic model: external validation
Authors: Davison Sara N , Rathwell Sarah 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesPrognostic tools with evidence for external validity in routine clinical practice are needed to align care with patients’ preferences and deliver timely supportive services. Current models have limited, if any, evidence for external validity and none have been implemented and evaluated in clinical practice on a large scale. This study sought to provide evidence for external validity in a real life setting of the Cohen prognostic model that integrates actuarial factors with the ‘Surprise Question’ to assess 6-month, 12-month and 18-month survival of prevalent haemodialysis patients.MethodsCross-sectional study of 1372 patients in a Canadian university-based programme between 2010 and 2019. Survival probabilities were compared with observed survival. Discrimination and calibration were assessed through predicted risk-stratified observed survival, cumulative AUC, Somer’s Dxy and a calibration slope estimate.ResultsDiscrimination performance was moderate with a C statistic of 0.71–0.72 for all three time points. The model overpredicted mortality risk with the best predictive accuracy for 6- month survival. The differences between observed and mean predicted survival at 6 months, 12 months and 18 months were 3.2%, 8.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by Cox-based risk group showed good discrimination between high-risk and low-risk patients with HR estimates (95% CI): C2 vs C1 3.07 (1.57–5.99), C3 vs C1 5.85 (3.06–11.17), C4 vs C1 13.24 (6.91–25.34)).ConclusionsThe Cohen prognostic model can be incorporated easily into routine dialysis care to identify patients at high risk for death over 6 months, 12 months and 18 months and help target vulnerable patients for timely supportive care interventions.
Differences in left and right carotid plaque vulnerability in patients with bilateral carotid plaques: a CARE-II study
Authors: Shao Sai , Shi Honglu , Wang Guangbin , Li Rui , Sun Qinjian , Yao Bin , Watase Hiroko , Hippe Daniel S , Yuan Chun , Zhao Xihai 
Published: January 2023

Background and purposeAtherosclerosis is a very complex process influenced by various systemic and local factors. Therefore, in patients with bilateral carotid plaques (BCPs), there may be differences in carotid plaque vulnerability between the sides. We aimed to investigate the differences in BCP characteristics in patients with BCPs using magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI).MethodsParticipants with BCPs were selected for subanalysis from a multicentre study of Chinese Atherosclerosis Risk Evaluation II. We measured carotid plaque burden, identified each plaque component and measured their volume or area bilaterally on MR-VWI. Paired comparisons of the burden and components of BCPs were performed.ResultsIn all, 540 patients with BCPs were eligible for analysis. Compared with the right carotid artery (CA), larger mean lumen area (p<0.001), larger mean wall area (p=0.025), larger mean total vessel area (p<0.001) and smaller normalised wall index (p=0.006) were found in the left CA. Regarding plaque components, only the prevalence of lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) in the left CA was higher (p=0.026). For patients with a vulnerable plaque component coexisting on both sides, only the intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH) volume (p=0.011) was significantly greater in the left CA than in the right CA.ConclusionsThere were asymmetries in plaque growth and evolution between BCPs. The left carotid plaques were more likely to have larger plaque burden, higher prevalence of LRNC and greater IPH volume, which may contribute to the lateralisation of ischaemic stroke in the cerebral hemispheres.
Media Lab: Infrastructure of Innovative Capacity
Authors: Wonglimpiyarat Jarunee 
Published: January 2023

This paper addresses the mechanisms behind the Media Lab innovation infrastructure that help promote technology transfer and innovations. The analyses are based on the integrative lens of the competitive diamond model and the triple helix model. The findings reveal that the “Demo-or-Die” culture, a free-ranging and interdisciplinary approach to research, has effectively linked the Media Lab science fiction to the process of technology transfer. The government should take a less controlling role to engender the process of “innovation to create demand” and thrive high-tech initiatives. The empirical results and lessons of MIT Media Lab provide a model of promoting proliferation of future technological innovations.
The Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic Cancer—Diabetes Mellitus as a Red Flag for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Popovic Katarina , Smolović Brigita , Martinović Milica , Vučković Ljiljana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic cancer is complex—DM is both a risk factor and early sign of pancreatic cancer. DM is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer because it increases insulin resistance, intrapancreatic concentrations of insulin, and the bioavailability of IGF, subsequently promoting ductal cell proliferation. Accordingly, treatment targeting the insulin/IGF pathway is the focus of many researchers. Antidiabetic drugs modify the risk for pancreatic cancer—metformin's antineoplastic effect being most notable and indicating potential clinical use in pancreatic cancer. New-onset DM can also be the first manifestation of pancreatic cancer. There are several theories for the pathogenesis of DM in pancreatic cancer, the most important being that DM is a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by diabetogenic factors. As a consequence of this intricate relationship, new-onset DM after the age of 50 is considered a red flag for pancreatic cancer, prompting the need for screening in this patient population. Multiple clinical studies are currently underway exploring this matter. A better understanding of the relationship between DM and pancreatic cancer could aid in developing novel screening and treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer. This could ultimately improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Response to Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Operable Head and Neck Cancer Confers Survival Benefit
Authors: Mascarella Marco A. , Olonisakin Tolani F. , Rumde Purva , Vendra Varun , Nance Melonie A. , Kim Seungwon , Kubik Mark W. , Sridharan Shaum S. , Ferris Robert L. , Fenton Moon J. , Clayburgh Daniel R. , Ohr James P. , Joyce Sonali C. , Sen Malabika , Herman James G. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Zandberg Dan P. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose:Neoadjuvant targeted therapy provides a brief, preoperative window of opportunity that can be exploited to individualize cancer care based on treatment response. We investigated whether response to neoadjuvant therapy during the preoperative window confers survival benefit in patients with operable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Patients and Methods:A pooled analysis of treatment-naïve patients with operable HNSCC enrolled in one of three clinical trials from 2009 to 2020 (NCT00779389, NCT01218048, NCT02473731). Neoadjuvant regimens consisted of EGFR inhibitors (n = 83) or anti-ErbB3 antibody therapy (n = 9) within 28 days of surgery. Clinical to pathologic stage migration was compared with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) while adjusting for confounding factors using multivariable Cox regression. Circulating tumor markers validated in other solid tumor models were analyzed.Results:92 of 118 patients were analyzed; all patients underwent surgery following neoadjuvant therapy. Clinical to pathologic downstaging was more frequent in patients undergoing neoadjuvant targeted therapy compared with control cohort (P = 0.048). Patients with pathologic downstage migration had the highest OS [89.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 75.7–100] compared with those with no stage change (58%; 95% CI, 46.2–69.8) or upstage (40%; 95% CI, 9.6–70.4; P = 0.003). Downstage migration remained a positive prognostic factor for OS (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05–0.90) while adjusting for measured confounders. Downstage migration correlated with decreased circulating tumor markers, SOX17 and TAC1 (P = 0.0078).Conclusions:Brief neoadjuvant therapy achieved pathologic downstaging in a subset of patients and was associated with significantly better DFS and OS as well as decreased circulating methylated SOX17 and TAC1.
Genetic Heterogeneity and Tissue-specific Patterns of Tumors with MultiplePIK3CAMutations
Authors: Sivakumar Smruthy , Jin Dexter X. , Rathod Ruchita , Ross Jeffrey , Cantley Lewis C. , Scaltriti Maurizio , Chen Jessica W. , Hutchinson Katherine E. , Wilson Timothy R. , Sokol Ethan S. , Vasan Neil 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose:To comprehensively characterize tissue-specific and molecular subclasses of multiple PIK3CA (multi-PIK3CA) mutations and assess their impact on potential therapeutic outcomes.Experimental Design:We profiled a pan-cancer cohort comprised of 352,392 samples across 66 tumor types using a targeted hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing panel covering at least 324 cancer-related genes. Molecularly defined subgroups, allelic configuration, clonality, and mutational signatures were identified and tested for association with PI3K inhibitor therapeutic response.Results:Multi-PIK3CA mutations are found in 11% of all PIK3CA-mutant tumors, including 9% of low tumor mutational burden (TMB) PIK3CA-mutant tumors, and are enriched in breast and gynecologic cancers. Multi-PIK3CA mutations are frequently clonal and in cis on the same allele and occur at characteristic positions across tumor types. These mutations tend to be mutually exclusive of mutations in other driver genes, and of genes in the PI3K pathway. Among PIK3CA-mutant tumors with a high TMB, 18% are multi-PIK3CA mutant and often harbor an apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) mutational signature. Despite large differences in specific allele combinations comprising multi-PIK3CA mutant tumors, especially across cancer types, patients with different classes of multi-PIK3CA mutant estrogen receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancers respond similarly to PI3K inhibition.Conclusions:Our pan-tumor study provides biological insights into the genetic heterogeneity and tissue specificities of multi-PIK3CA mutations, with potential clinical utility to guide PI3K inhibition strategies.
A Historiographical Overview of Mission and Politics in Twentieth-Century Angola and Mozambique
Authors: Morier-Genoud Eric 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Academic studies of mission and politics in Angola and Mozambique began in earnest in the late 1980s. This article describes what the literature built on, what debates it engaged in in the 1990s, and how the literature has evolved since. It looks at writings and discussions about politics, African Christianity, anthropology, photography, the ‘boomerang effect’, and Pentecostalism, among others. The objective is to offer a panorama of the literature, a sense of its evolution, and identify some areas for further research.
New Perspectives on the Falklands War
Authors: Ambler Sophie Thérèse , Mills Thomas C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Marking the fortieth anniversary of the Falklands War, this special issue brings together new research, and opens avenues for further investigation, on the armed conflict between the United Kingdom and Argentina over sovereignty of the Falkland Islands that stretched between April and June 1982. Across four articles, it explores the broad themes of combatant experience, conflict memory, international relations and policy, from an interdisciplinary investigation of the conflict landscape to an examination of cinematic portrayals of Falklands veterans, and from the application of the lens of the global Cold War to an appraisal of the impact of the conflict on UK defence policy. The special issue also includes a previously unpublished naval memoir of the war, highlighting the continued emergence of new sources that makes the Falklands War a potentially highly productive area of study.
Statecraft under God: Radical Right Populism meets Christian Nationalism in Bolsonaro’s Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Ricardo , Casarões Guilherme 
Published: January 2023

Using Brazil as a case study, we examine ways in which radical right activists and leaders actively participate in world politics through religious nationalist narratives which operate on both national and transnational levels. We propose the existence of a particular subcategory of populist radical right (PRR) politics, which we call religious-populist radical right. Our argument is divided into three parts. First, we argue that religion provides ideational and material capabilities that have allowed the PRR to capture state institutions through elections. Second, we claim that once in power, the PRR’s governing strategy is conducted through transnational culture wars with religious overtones. Third, we argue that the PRR establishes novel patterns of international alliances to advance their vision of a new world order based on independent ethno-religious communities. By exploring the entanglements between the PRR and religious nationalism, we conclude that religion provides the radical right with the ideas, means, and social power to transform both state forms and world orders. Création de l’État devant Dieu : l’intersection du populisme radical de droite et du nationalisme chrétien dans le Brésil de Bolsonaro
Theorising from the Land: House or Tipi of IR?
Authors: de Leon Justin 
Published: January 2023

In 2004, Anna Agathangelou and L.H.M. Ling wrote their important intervention, entitled ‘The House of IR: From Family Power Politics to the Poises of Worldism,’ that ordered various theories of International Relations within an analogy of a colonial household, calling instead for a Worldism that builds communities based on interests and support. One glaring omission from this analysis, however, is mention of indigeneity. Increasingly, in North America, the experiences of Indigenous peoples are shaping national imaginations and popular political discourses – take for instance Idle No More, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Standing Rock, and Mauna Kea, to name a few. These shifts seen at a national level in North America, however, are not fully reflected in the field of IR. In fact, it would be easy to conclude that the field of IR has largely ignored Indigenous lived-experience. To this, this article asks how IR theorising, practice, and pedagogy could be significantly transformed by taking seriously Indigenous experiences and knowledge? To explore this question, this article explores the two central IR concepts of power and sovereignty to illustrate how the meanings and practices of these concepts are significantly furthered by attention to Indigenous experiences, practices, and knowledge. It concludes by asserting that an Indigenous approach to IR would not only be a mechanism for incisive analysis and critique of dominant constructions within the field, but also could provide an emergent space for (re)imagining collective futures across race and difference – something sorely needed in a world of ever increasing uncertainty. Des théories issues de la terre : la maison ou le tipi des relations internationales ?