bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of fatty acids in disturbance of energy processes in the early placenta with cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Dovzhikova I. V. , Ishutina N. A. , Andrievskaya I. A. , Dorofienko N. N. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection directly and indirectly can cause placental dysfunction. One of the reasons for its development may be a deficiency of energy supply due to changes in the level of fatty acids (FA) – the main sources of energy in the cell.Aim. Analysis of the fatty acids concentration and causes of its changes in the placenta during exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy.Materials and methods. Biosamples (venous blood, epithelium from the inner surface of the cheek, mucous membrane of the cervical canal, villous chorion) of 32 CMV-seropositive women with an exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy (main group) and 30 CMV-seronegative women (control group) were studied. Exacerbation of CMV infection was diagnosed by ELISA to detect IgM and IgG with avidity of 65% or more, PCR to detect CMV DNA. The profile and relative concentration of individual FA in villous chorion lipid extracts were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was determined by a histochemical method on sections of freshly frozen villous chorion tissues.Results. In the main group placentas, the concentration of medium-chain saturated fatty acids was statistically significantly lower: capric by 50%, lauric by 51%, unsaturated myristoleic by 44%; long-chain unsaturated acids: palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids by 52%, 55%, 57% and 64%, respectively; of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a very long chain: eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic by 44% and 41%, respectively. The activity of enzymes: succinate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased.Conclusion. Thus, we found a decrease in energy supply in the placenta during exacerbation of chronic CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy. Disorders of placental energy metabolism can cause placental insufficiency, which has adverse consequences for fetal development.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SUBTEMA KEBERAGAMAN BUDAYA BANGSAKU
Authors: Nurhasanah  , Suhendra  , Sri indriani Rini 
Published: April 2023

The influence of the implementation of problem based learning model on student learning outcomes subtheme of my nation’s cultular diversity. This study uses a two group design quasi experimental approach at Leuwisadeng elementary school. The subject of this study were student in grades IV-A and IV-B of Leuwisadeng state elementary school with a total of 59 student. This research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The results of this study indicate that there is a effect of the application of the problem based learning model on student learning outcomes in subtheme 1 of the cultural diversity of my nation. This can be seen from the N-gain value in the experimental class group which has an average value of 69, while in the control class the average is 48. In the results of hypothesis testing that have been carried out are that HO is rejected an Ha is accepted because tcount (4.91) > ttabel (200247). Thus, the result of the research that have been carried out can be concluded that the application of the problem based learning model has a positive influence on student learning outcomes in subtheme 1 cultural disversity of my nation.
Clinical trials tranformation intiative-decentralized clinical trials: a review article
Authors: Jakkula Shirisha , Pasupuleti Pravalika , C.S Mujeebuddin , Gaur Ravindra Pratap , Patil Sujay S 
Published: April 2023

In clinical research, Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) can provide opportunities to maximize efficiencies. Unlike the traditional clinical trial model, Decentralized Clinical Trials (DCTs) promote telemedicine, mobile/local healthcare providers (HCPs), mobile/web-based technology, and direct distribution of Investigational Medicinal Products (IMP) to patients, among other things. Hence, DCTs are in the spotlight as technology, infrastructure, and knowledge providing a backbone in clinical research.
Background: Advances in electronic communication, data storage, emerging technologies, and biosensor development provides new opportunities to exchange information, such as the patient is tested from their home locations and are with locations distant from the investigator. Trials that take place at locations distant from the investigator (i.e., spectrum: CCTs → Hybrid Models → DCTs) in any or all study-related procedures and data is collected electronically fall in the category of the decentralized clinical trial. Trials should be designed to integrate the current healthcare system of the study subject, optimize convenience for study subjects and take advantage of existing programs and data sources including The study subjects themselves through the utilization of telecommunication, videoconferences, mobile or internet-based tools for patient reporting, mobile technology tools and biosensors. Local healthcare providers, home-based healthcare services, pharmacies, clinics, regional hospitals, their perceived obstacles have impeded the widespread use of mobile devices in clinical trials. To encourage solutions to these challenges, The Clinical Trial Transformation Initiative (CTTI) has released best practices and practical methods to advance solutions to these issues that clinical trial sponsors can now use.
Conclusion: Decentralized clinical trials are not only operationally feasible and show high recruitment rates, have better compliance, lower dropout rates, and are conducted faster. DCT meets the goal of the industry in being low-risk, high returns trials and can offer a reliable, time-based, and cost-effective approach.
A case report on ischemic Mitral regurgitation
Authors: P Kranthi Priya , M Ramya , V Sushma Sri , M Mounica , Amit Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Ischemic Mitral regurgitation is a leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve each time the left ventricle contraction. Patients are often ill with significant hemodynamic instability (Acute) needs urgent medical treatment. During normal cycle mitral valve (bicuspid valve) opens and closes normally. But in mitral regurgitation mitral valve does not opens and closes properly. The blood from right atrium moves to right ventricle then mitral valve does not closes properly leads to blood ejected back to right atrium which results in pulmonary edema and increases pulmonary hypertension. Ischemic Mitral regurgitation leads to complication of acute myocardial infraction and coronary artery disease
On the psychometric evaluation of cognitive control tasks: An Investigation with the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) battery
Authors: Snijder Jean-Paul , Tang Rongxiang , Bugg Julie M. , Conway Andrew R. A. , Braver Todd S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe domain of cognitive control has been a major focus of experimental, neuroscience, and individual differences research. Currently, however, no theory of cognitive control successfully unifies both experimental and individual differences findings. Some perspectives deny that there even exists a unified psychometric cognitive control construct to be measured at all. These shortcomings of the current literature may reflect the fact that current cognitive control paradigms are optimized for the detection of within-subject experimental effects rather than individual differences. In the current study, we examine the psychometric properties of the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) task battery, which was designed in accordance with a theoretical framework that postulates common sources of within-subject and individual differences variation. We evaluated both internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and for the latter, utilized both classical test theory measures (i.e., split-half methods, intraclass correlation) and newer hierarchical Bayesian estimation of generative models. Although traditional psychometric measures suggested poor reliability, the hierarchical Bayesian models indicated a different pattern, with good to excellent test–retest reliability in almost all tasks and conditions examined. Moreover, within-task, between-condition correlations were generally increased when using the Bayesian model-derived estimates, and these higher correlations appeared to be directly linked to the higher reliability of the measures. In contrast, between-task correlations remained low regardless of theoretical manipulations or estimation approach. Together, these findings highlight the advantages of Bayesian estimation methods, while also pointing to the important role of reliability in the search for a unified theory of cognitive control.
Chemical Modeling of Orion Nebula Cluster Disks: Evidence for Massive, Compact Gas Disks with Interstellar Gas-to-dust Ratios
Authors: Boyden Ryan D. , Eisner Josh A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The stellar cluster environment is expected to play a central role in the evolution of circumstellar disks. We use thermochemical modeling to constrain the dust and gas masses, disk sizes, UV and X-ray radiation fields, viewing geometries, and central stellar masses of 20 class II disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). We fit a large grid of disk models to 350 GHz continuum, CO J = 3 − 2, and HCO+
J = 4 − 3 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of each target, and we introduce a procedure for modeling interferometric observations of gas disks detected in absorption against a bright molecular cloud background. We find that the ONC disks are massive and compact, with typical radii <100 au, gas masses ≥10−3
M
⊙, and gas-to-dust ratios ≥100. The interstellar‐medium‐like gas-to-dust ratios derived from our modeling suggest that compact, externally irradiated disks in the ONC are less prone to gas-phase CO depletion than the massive and extended gas disks that are commonly found in nearby low-mass star-forming regions. The presence of massive gas disks indicates that external photoevaporation may have only recently begun operating in the ONC; though it remains unclear whether other cluster members are older and more evaporated than the ones in our sample. Finally, we compare our dynamically derived stellar masses with the stellar masses predicted from evolutionary models and find excellent agreement. Our study has significantly increased the number of dynamical mass measurements in the mass range ≤0.5 M
⊙, demonstrating that the ONC is an ideal region for obtaining large samples of dynamical mass measurements toward low-mass M-dwarfs.
A Comprehensive Model of Morphologically Realistic Cosmic Dust Particles: An Application to Mimic the Unusual Polarization Properties of the Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov
Authors: Halder Prithish , Sengupta Sujan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The cosmic dust particles found in space are mainly porous aggregates of smaller grains. Theoretically, these aggregates are replicated using fractal geometry, assuming a cluster of spheres. Although the light scattering response of cosmic dust aggregates has been thoroughly studied using clusters of spherical grains in the past few decades, the effect of irregularities on the surface of each grain in an entire aggregate has mostly been neglected. We introduce, for the first time, a visually realistic cosmic dust model that incorporates a mixture of rough fractal aggregates (RFA) and agglomerated debris (Solids) to replicate the unusual polarization–phase curve observed in the case of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov at multiple wavelengths. The authenticity of the RFA structures has been verified by replicating light scattering results of circumstellar dust analogs from the Granada Amsterdam Light Scattering Database. We demonstrate that the light scattering response from the RFA structures has a very close resemblance to the experimental values. Finally, we model the observed polarization–phase curve of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov using a mixture of RFA and solid particles. The best-fit data indicate the presence of a higher percentage of porous RFA structures (80%) owing to the fact that the comet carries a higher percentage of small and highly porous pristine cosmic dust particles. Further, the model indicates that the unusually steep polarimetric slope and the high dust-to-gas ratio in newer comets are mainly due to a higher porous-to-compact ratio.
An Extensive Catalog of Early-type Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Universe: Morphology and Environment
Authors: Paudel Sanjaya , Yoon Suk-Jin , Yoo Jaewon , Smith Rory , Chhatkuli Daya Nidhi , Kumar Bachchan Rajesh , Aryal Binil , Adhikari Binod , Adhikari Namuna , Sedain Amrit , Sheikh Sharup , Dhital Sarashwati , Giri Ashutosh , Baral Rabin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present an extensive catalog of 5405 early-type dwarf (dE) galaxies located in the various environments, i.e., clusters, groups, and fields, of the local universe (z < 0.01). The dEs are selected through visual inspection of the Legacy survey’s g–r–z combined tricolor images. The inspected area, covering a total sky area of 7643 deg2, encompasses two local clusters (Virgo and Fornax), 265 groups, and the regions around 586 field galaxies of M

K
< −21 mag. The catalog aims to be one of the most extensive and publicly accessible collections of data on dEs, despite its complex completeness limits, which may not accurately represent its statistical completeness. The strength of the catalog lies in the morphological characteristics, including nucleated, tidal, and ultradiffuse dEs. The two clusters contribute nearly half (2437 out of 5405) of the dEs, and the 265 groups contribute 2103 dEs. There are 864 dEs in 586 fields, i.e., ∼1.47 dEs per field. Using a standard definition commonly used in literature, we identify 100 ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs), which compose ∼2% of the dE population. We find that 40% of our sample dEs harbor a central nucleus, and among the UDG population, a majority (79%) are nonnucleated. About 1.3% of dEs suffer from ongoing tidal disturbance by nearby massive galaxies, and only 0.03% show a sign of recent dwarf–dwarf mergers. The association between dEs and their nearest bright neighbor galaxies suggests that dEs are more likely created where their neighbors are non-star-forming ones.
CMR Exploration. I. Filament Structure with Synthetic Observations
Authors: Kong 孔 Shuo 朔 , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Arce Héctor G. , Klessen Ralf S. , Xu Duo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we carry out a pilot parameter exploration for the collision-induced magnetic reconnection (CMR) mechanism that forms filamentary molecular clouds. Following Kong et al., we utilize Athena++ to model CMR in the context of resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), considering the effect from seven physical conditions, including the ohmic resistivity (η), the magnetic field (B), the cloud density (ρ), the cloud radius R, the isothermal temperature T, the collision velocity v

x
, and the shear velocity v

z
. Compared to their fiducial model, we consider a higher and a lower value for each one of the seven parameters. We quantify the exploration results with five metrics, including the density probability distribution function (ρ-PDF), the filament morphology (250 μm dust emission), the B–ρ relation, the dominant fiber width, and the ringiness that describes the significance of the ringlike substructures. The exploration forms straight and curved CMR filaments with rich substructures that are highly variable in space and time. The variation translates to fluctuation in all five metrics, reflecting the chaotic nature of magnetic reconnection in CMR. A temporary B ∝ ρ relation is noticeable during the first 0.6 Myr. Overall, the exploration provides useful initial insights into the CMR mechanism.
Unveiling the Mechanism for the Rapid Acceleration Phase in a Solar Eruption
Authors: Zhong Ze , Guo Yang , Wiegelmann Thomas , Ding M. D. , Chen Yao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Two major mechanisms have been proposed to drive the solar eruptions: the ideal magnetohydrodynamic instability and the resistive magnetic reconnection. Due to the close coupling and synchronicity of the two mechanisms, it is difficult to identify their respective contribution to solar eruptions, especially to the critical rapid acceleration phase. Here, to shed light on this problem, we conduct a data-driven numerical simulation for the flux rope eruption on 2011 August 4, and quantify the contributions of the upward exhaust of the magnetic reconnection along the flaring current sheet and the work done by the large-scale Lorentz force acting on the flux rope. Major simulation results of the eruption, such as the macroscopic morphology, early kinematics of the flux rope and flare ribbons, match well with the observations. We estimate the energy converted from the magnetic slingshot above the current sheet and the large-scale Lorentz force exerting on the flux rope during the rapid acceleration phase, and find that (1) the work done by the large-scale Lorentz force is about 4.6 times higher than the former, and (2) decreased strapping force generated by the overlying field facilitates the eruption. These results indicate that the large-scale Lorentz force plays a dominant role in the rapid acceleration phase for this eruption.
Maternal health services available to pregnant women and nursing mothers domiciled in the internally displaced persons' camp
Authors: Osunde Ngozi Rosemary , Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:Insurgent activities have displaced lots of people and compelled them to flee or leave their towns and home, making women vulnerable to morbidity and mortality. Assessing maternal health services available to pregnant women and nursing mothers in internally displaced camps can help improve their health status and reduce maternal and neonatal death.AIMS:This study aimed to assess maternal health services available and their associated factors among pregnant women and nursing mothers in an internally displaced person's camp.DESIGN:A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used for this study.METHODS:The availability sampling technique was adopted to recruit women who have assessed maternal health services in the camp. A self-structured questionnaire was utilized as the research instrument and the data were presented using descriptive statistics.RESULTS:A mean age of the respondents was 32 ± 7.18. The majority are multigravida (53.8%), with four (7.7%) having their first baby in the health facility available in the camp and the maternal health services available seem to be adequate for now, but the country may soon run out of space, because of the constant increase in the number of displaced persons.CONCLUSION:To further improve services, the study recommends that government should intervene in the funding of maternal health-care services, proper documentation of mortality rate in the camp and make an ambulance available for emergency cases.
Correlation of Endogenous Pain Modulation Function with Physical Activity in Elders Having Chronic Pain
Authors: Sirohiwala Alifiya S. , Alva Gloria , Verma Shaswat 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Chronic pain is a major predicament of the elderly population and lacks appropriate treatment. In normal healthy individuals, physical activity (PA) shows an effect on endogenous pain modulation (EPM) function by producing central opioids and producing exercise-induced analgesia.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine a correlation between EPM function and PA of the elderly having chronic pain.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study of 45 elderly individuals who were between 60 and 80 years of age, suffering from chronic pain. The EPM function was tested using conditioned pain modulation test and PA levels were obtained using Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS). In addition, we collected demographic details, duration of pain, and site of pain from the study population. Descriptive statistics was depicted in terms of frequency. Categorical variables were indicated as the mean and standard error of mean. The Spearman's rank correlation (r) test was used to find the correlation between conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and YPAS score.

Results:
A positive moderate correlation was found between EPM function and PA of elderly having chronic pain (r = 0.05; P = 0.0002). Analysis of EPM function based on the gender of the study population showed that both females (22.54 ± 23.92) and males (6.24 ± 29.19) had similar EPM function values. YPAS score was found as a significant predictor of CPM (P = 0.0003).

Conclusion:
There is a positive moderate correlation between EPM function and PA levels of elderly having chronic pain.
Efficacy of Sterile Water Block with or Without Antispasmodics for Labor Analgesia
Authors: Mubin Sayeka , Tauheed Nazia , Hasan Muazzam , Haleem Shahla 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Universal provision of safe, effective, and inexpensive analgesia for labor remains a challenge. In India, antispasmodics, especially drotaverine, are widely used as an adjunct to decrease labor pain and duration. Therefore, we aimed to determine the efficacy of sterile water block (SWB), with or without drotaverine.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a randomized, triple arm, controlled trial on 105 patients in active labor, assigned to receive either intramuscular drotaverine (Group D), Intradermal SWB (Group B), or drotaverine with SWB (Group DB). SWB was given in Michaelis Rhomboid, in active phase of the first stage of labor. Primary outcomes were extent of pain relief, as measured by the numeric rating scale (NRS). Other outcomes included patient's satisfaction, duration of active phase of first stage of labor, APGAR scores, incidence of instrumentation or cesarean section, and any adverse effects.

Results:
One hundred and five patients were randomized into three groups of 35 patients each. At 30 min postintervention, mean (± standard deviation) NRS score was 7.30 (±1.03), 4.88 (±0.68), and 5.04 (±0.75) in Group D, B, and DB, respectively; (P < 0.001). Two hours' postintervention, NRS was 7.61 ± 0.89, 6.66 ± 0.91, and 6.95 ± 0.85 in Groups D, B, and DB respectively with P < 0.01. Number of patients satisfied in Group D, B, and DB were 0, 24, and 25, respectively. The duration of active phase of 1st stage of labor was 144.80 (±47.46), 198.88 (±92.16), and 142.50 (±50.77) minutes in Group D, B, and DB, respectively (P < 0.01). APGAR score was comparable in three groups. No adverse effect was seen on mother or fetus except burning sensation at the time of giving SWB. The occurrence of cesarean section was 8 in Group B, 8 in Group D, and 6 in Group DB.

Conclusion:
SWB is a safe modality for labor analgesia, causing a significant reduction in labor pain, both with and without drotaverine. Although not always effective as a sole modality, it may be effective in reducing the requirement of other analgesics when used in conjunction with other modalities for labor analgesia. Drotaverine may not significantly lower the labor pain alone or in conjunction with SWB. Yet, it significantly decreases the duration of active phase of first stage of labor (CTRI/2019/09/021125).