bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral corroboration that Saitis barbipes jumping spiders cannot discriminate between males’ red and black ornaments
Authors: Plate Janka , Tedore Cynthia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Physiological or genetic assays and computational modeling are valuable tools for understanding animals’ visual discrimination capabilities. Yet sometimes, the results generated by these methods appear not to jive with other aspects of an animal’s appearance or natural history, and behavioral confirmatory tests are warranted. Here we examine the peculiar case of a male jumping spider that displays red, black, white, and UV color patches during courtship despite the fact that, according to microspectrophotometry and color vision modeling, they are unlikely able to discriminate red from black. To test whether some optical or neurological component could have been missed using these methods, we conduct mate choice experiments. Some females are presented with a choice between males with their red leg coloration painted over with either red or black paint, while other females are presented with a choice between males with the same coloration painted over by either red or white paint. This latter pairing of red and white males should have been easily distinguishable to the spiders and served as a control to ensure our experimental setup was conducive to natural mating behavior. Red males were more likely to mate than white males (P = 0.035), whereas red and black males had identical mating success (P = 1.0). This suggests that previous physiological and computational work on these spiders was correct in concluding that they are unable to discriminate between red and black. Any functional significance of displaying both colors, rather than only black, remains unresolved.
New method for lightweight design of hybrid components made of isotropic and anisotropic materials
Authors: Stolz Lorenz , Fang Xiangfan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For the development of efficient and economical car body structures, high-performance lightweight materials such as continuous fiber-reinforced plastics (C-FRP)—especially in combination with quasi-isotropic materials (f.e. metal) as multi-material components—have gained importance. However, the systematic design of such hybrid components is extremely challenging. In the following work, a newly developed method for the weight- and load-optimized design of hybrid components made of isotropic and anisotropic materials based on physical parameters is presented. With the principal stresses of a reference component a weight-optimized structure between isotropic "base material" and load-dependent reinforcement made of C-FRP is calculated for a new multi-material component. The user specifies the mechanical properties as well as min. and max. material thicknesses for the isotropic material and the C-FRP. With this information the lightest possible material combination of isotropic base material and anisotropic C-FRP is then determined. Using this method, a weight saving of 18–62% could be achieved with flat validation examples while maintaining the same stiffness. Application to the frame of a vehicle door also results in a significant weight saving without compromising stiffness. In summary, this method offers the possibility to identify suitable components for the application of weight- and load-dependent hybrid components and to design them in the early stage of the product development process.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair Using Robotic-Assisted Sacral Hysterocolpopexy vs Vaginal Surgery with the Uphold™ System: 1-Year Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Poutakidis Georgios , Falconer Christian , Altman Daniel , Johannesson Ulrika , Zhang Anju , Ericson Charlotta , Stenberg Mats , Altrock Sabine , Morcos Edward 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
The aim of the study was to compare clinical outcomes when using robotic-assisted sacral hysterocolpopexy (RASC) and vaginal surgery using the Uphold™ Vaginal Support System mesh for pelvic organ prolapse repair.

Methods
This was a nonrandomized, prospective, multicenter study in which 72 women underwent RASC, and 73 Uphold™ surgery, for apical prolapse (POP-Q C ≥ stage II). Anatomical outcomes were assessed using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP–Q) system. Subjective outcomes were evaluated using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory 20 (PFDI-20), the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire – short form (PFIQ-7), and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12), as well as pain estimation using the visual analog scale (0–10).

Results
One year after surgery, an optimal apical segment outcome (POP-Q C stage 0–1) was achieved in 96.4% and 93.3% for the RASC and Uphold™ respectively, p = 0.49. However, reoperation for prolapse recurrence was significantly more common after RASC (11 out of 72 [15.3%] vs Uphold™ (2 out of 71 [2.8%], p = 0.005), and an optimal outcome of the anterior vaginal wall was higher after Uphold™ (p < 0.001). Postoperative PFDI-20, PFIQ-7, and pain significantly improved for both RASC and Uphold™ (p = 0.004 to < 0.001), but a more pronounced improvement in the total PFDI-20 and POPDI-6 sub-scores was observed after Uphold™ than after RASC (−73 ± 55.6 vs −49.2 ± 43.7, p = 0.005 and −39.6 ± 23.6 vs −27 ± 23.9, p < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusions
Reoperation for prolapse recurrence within 1 year was more common after RASC than after Uphold™. However, the rate of complications was low overall and there were few and largely insignificant differences in outcomes when comparing RASC and Uphold™.
The role of muscle synergies and task constraints on upper limb motor impairment after stroke
Authors: Ortega-Auriol Pablo , Byblow Winston D. , Ren April Xiaoge , Besier Thor , McMorland Angus J. C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the role of task constraints over muscle synergies expression in the context of upper limb motor impairment after stroke. We recruited nine chronic stroke survivors with upper limb impairments and fifteen healthy controls, who performed a series of tasks designed to evoke muscle synergies through various spatial explorations. These tasks included an isometric force task, a dynamic reaching task, the clinical Fugl-Meyer (FM) assessment, and a pinch task. Electromyographic data from 16 upper limb muscles were collected during each task, alongside intermuscular coherence (IMC) measurements during the pinch task to assess neuromuscular connectivity. The findings confirm that motor impairment is inversely related to the diversity of muscle synergies, with fewer synergies and more stereotypical synergy structures observed post-stroke. The study further reveals that the nature of motor tasks significantly affects the number of identifiable muscle synergies, with less constrained tasks revealing a broader array of synergies. These findings highlight the importance of carefully selecting motor tasks in the context of clinical research and assessments to understand a patient’s motor impairment, thus aiding in developing tailored rehabilitation strategies.
Repeatability of AI-based, automatic measurement of vertebral and cardiovascular imaging biomarkers in low-dose chest CT: the ImaLife cohort
Authors: Hamelink Iris , van Tuinen Marcel , Kwee Thomas C. , van Ooijen Peter M. A. , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the repeatability of AI-based automatic measurement of vertebral and cardiovascular markers on low-dose chest CT.

Methods
We included participants of the population-based Imaging in Lifelines (ImaLife) study with low-dose chest CT at baseline and 3–4 month follow-up. An AI system (AI-Rad Companion chest CT prototype) performed automatic segmentation and quantification of vertebral height and density, aortic diameters, heart volume (cardiac chambers plus pericardial fat), and coronary artery calcium volume (CACV). A trained researcher visually checked segmentation accuracy. We evaluated the repeatability of adequate AI-based measurements at baseline and repeat scan using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), relative differences, and change in CACV risk categorization, assuming no physiological change.

Results
Overall, 632 participants (63 ± 11 years; 56.6% men) underwent short-term repeat CT (mean interval, 3.9 ± 1.8 months). Visual assessment showed adequate segmentation in both baseline and repeat scan for 98.7% of vertebral measurements, 80.1–99.4% of aortic measurements (except for the sinotubular junction (65.2%)), and 86.0% of CACV. For heart volume, 53.5% of segmentations were adequate at baseline and repeat scans. ICC for adequately segmented cases showed excellent agreement for all biomarkers (ICC > 0.9). Relative difference between baseline and repeat measurements was < 4% for vertebral and aortic measurements, 7.5% for heart volume, and 28.5% for CACV. There was high concordance in CACV risk categorization (81.2%).

Conclusion
In low-dose chest CT, segmentation accuracy of AI-based software was high for vertebral, aortic, and CACV evaluation and relatively low for heart volume. There was excellent repeatability of vertebral and aortic measurements and high concordance in overall CACV risk categorization.

Key Points
QuestionCan AI algorithms for opportunistic screening in chest CT obtain an accurate and repeatable result when applied to multiple CT scans of the same participant?
FindingsVertebral and aortic analysis showed accurate segmentation and excellent repeatability; coronary calcium segmentation was generally accurate but showed modest repeatability due to a non-electrocardiogram-triggered protocol.
Clinical relevanceOpportunistic screening for diseases outside the primary purpose of the CT scan is time-consuming. AI allows automated vertebral, aortic, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) assessment, with highly repeatable outcomes of vertebral and aortic biomarkers and high concordance in overall CAC categorization.
Natural conditions and sociocultural development in the Mid-Kama region (cis-Ural, Russia) over the last ten millennia: insights from the Shabunichi-1 peat core
Authors: Batalova Vlada , Sannikov Pavel , Pereskokov Mikhail , Mingalev Vitaliy , Vyazov Leonid , Salova Julia , Novikova Ekaterina , Mekhonoshina Elizaveta , Orlova Elizaveta , Shumilovskikh Lyudmila 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Ural Mountains represent a distinctive bioecological and climatic boundary between Europe and Asia, simultaneously uniting them through cultural, ethnic, and economic ties throughout history. To investigate these complex human-environment interactions during the last ~ 10,000, we obtained a peat core Shabunichi-1 and analyzed it using AMS radiocarbon dating, loss-on-ignition, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, micro- and macrocharcoal analyses. Our palaeoecological study demonstrate that climate and frequent fires were the main drivers of ecosystem change until ~ 4,000 cal bp. Dry climate conditions between ~ 9,300 and 7,400 cal bp resulted in the dominance of pine-birch forest-steppe as well as frequent local fires. Subsequent climate humification led to the expansion of broad-leaved-dark coniferous forests and a change in the fire regime, reducing the frequency and/or severity of fire events between ~ 7,400 and 5,100 cal bp. The peak in climatic humidity was reached between 5,100 and 3,900 cal bp, which favored the development of spruce forests with a greater admixture of broad-leaved species. After ~ 4,000 cal bp, anthropogenic impacts began to shape the appearance of regional ecosystems culminating in the maximum landscape openness during the Bronze and Iron Ages. The activities of Bronze Age cultures and the emergence of metallurgy and pastoralism in the region led to the strong decline of spruce forests and the spread of secondary pine-birch formations and meadows. Human impact during the Iron Age and the emergence of agriculture in the region caused the largest local fires and the reduction of interfluvial forests. Despite humans becoming the primary driver of ecosystem change in the second half of the Middle and Late Holocene, climate continued to play a critical role in triggering cultural transformations and migration processes in the region.
Hospital to home transition of children with medical complexities in the Netherlands: current practice
Authors: Haspels H. N. , Knoester H. , Jansen N. J. G. , Ahout I. M. L. , van Karnebeek C. D. , de Hoog M. , vanWoensel J. B. M. , Joosten K. F. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Children with Medical Complexity (CMC) often require 24/7 expert care, which may impede discharge from hospital to home (H2H) resulting in prolonged admission. Limited research exists on pediatric patients with delayed discharges and the underlying reasons for such extended admissions. Therefore, our objectives were to (1) describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and course of CMC who are in their H2H transition and (2) identify the reasons for postponement of H2H discharge. Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study performed from February 2022 until November 2022 for 6 months in four Dutch University Medical Center children’s hospitals. Clinically admitted patients (age 0–18 years) were eligible for inclusion if they were medically stable, yet required specialized nursing and/or paramedical care and were in the H2H transition process. In total, 44 participants were included, of whom 32 (72.7%) were younger than 1 year. Median stay in the hospital was 7.3 weeks (range 0.7–28.7). Upon entering the H2H phase, postponement of discharge was for 65.1% of the patients primarily due to a combination of medical reasons and organizational/family factors. For the remaining 34.9% of the patients, discharge was delayed solely due to organizational and/or family factors.

Conclusion

Our study highlights several reasons contributing to the postponement of discharge for pediatric patients with medical complexity, including their medical fragility, the time-consuming process of parent training, and the challenges in organizing home care. Future steps should explore various transitional care programs aimed at improving the H2H transition.

What is Known:

• Hospital to home transition for Children with Medical Complexity is a multi-faceted process with many challenges and obstacles

• Insight into the current practice of transitioning home in University Medical Centers remains unknown and is needed to develop a tailored yet standardized approach

What is New:

• Our findings reveal reasons for postponement of discharge home and show that patients are medically stable for more than half of their hospital stays. This indicates potential opportunities to reorganize care for better outcomes for the child, the family, and healthcare consumption
Blood neurofilament light chain and S100B as biomarkers of neurological involvement and functional prognosis in COVID-19: a multicenter study
Authors: Bisulli Francesca , Muccioli Lorenzo , Taruffi Lisa , Bedin Roberta , Felici Silvia , Zenesini Corrado , Baccari Flavia , Gentile Mauro , Orlandi Niccolò , Rossi Simone , Nicodemo Marianna , d’Achille Fabio , Viale Pierluigi , Zaccaroni Stefania , Lodi Raffaele , Liguori Rocco , Zini Andrea , Guarino Maria , Cortelli Pietro , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Janigro Damir , Meletti Stefano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and aim
COVID-19 is associated with neurological complications, termed neuro-COVID, affecting patient outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) and S100B biomarkers with the presence of neurological manifestations and functional prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in three hospitals in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, from March 2020 to April 2022. Hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Serum S100B and NfL levels were measured in the acute or subacute phase after admission. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the association between biomarkers, clinical/laboratory variables, and prognosis, specifically focusing on worsening of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) from admission to discharge.

Results
A total of 279 patients (153 males, median age 76.7 years) were included. Among them, 69 (24.7%) developed neuro-COVID. Serum NfL levels were significantly higher in the neuro-COVID group (median 110 vs 68.3; p = 0.035) and correlated with severe encephalopathy and extracranial neurologic manifestations. The ROC analysis showed low accuracy in the discrimination between the two groups for both NfL and S100B. Key predictors of worsening mRS included mechanical ventilation (OR = 9.56, 95% CI = 1.67–54.75; p = 0.011), severe encephalopathy (OR = 5.10, 95% CI = 1.58–16.19; p = 0.006), and elevated S100B levels (OR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.10–6.46; p = 0.037).

Conclusions
Serum NfL and S100B biomarkers were not accurate in discriminating neuro-COVID patients, however NfL levels were associated with severe and extracranial neuro-COVID, while S100B with functional outcomes, potentially informing clinical management.
The protein cargo of extracellular vesicles correlates with the epigenetic aging clock of exercise sensitive DNAmFitAge
Authors: György Bernadett , Szatmári Réka , Ditrói Tamás , Torma Ferenc , Pálóczi Krisztina , Balbisi Mirjam , Visnovitz Tamás , Koltai Erika , Nagy Péter , Buzás Edit I. , Horvath Steve , Radák Zsolt 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in inter-organ communication, which becomes particularly relevant during aging and exercise. DNA methylation-based aging clocks reflect lifestyle and environmental factors, while regular exercise is known to induce adaptive responses, including epigenetic adaptations. Twenty individuals with High-fitness (aged 57.7 ± 9.8 years) and twenty Medium–Low-fitness (aged 57.5 ± 9.7 years) subjects provided blood samples. EVs were isolated from the samples using a size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based method, and their protein content was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Acceleration of the biological age estimator DNAmFitAge (AgeAccelFit) was associated with the protein cargo of EVs, whereas PhenoAge and GrimAge acceleration did not show a significant relationship. This finding suggests that the epigenetic aging-modulating role of exercise may involve inter-organ communication via EVs. Set Enrichment Analysis was performed to identify enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms for sets of proteins that were either correlated with AgeAccelFit or detected exclusively in individuals with high levels of aerobic fitness. The protein cargo of EVs further suggests that inter-organ communication influences inflammation, the immune system, cellular repair, adhesion, metabolism and coagulation. Our findings help to understand the preventive role of exercise, which could be mediated in part by EVs.
Pre-distance assessment from radial artery to lower extremity arterial lesion
Authors: Sano Arata , Sugimoto Takeshi , Iwasaki Tomoya , Miki Tomonori , Takai Shigeki , Wakana Noriyuki , Zen Kan , Yamada Hiroyuki , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEndovascular treatment (EVT) for patients with lower extremity artery disease is widely used as a less invasive alternative to surgical bypass. Recently, transradial artery intervention has gained popularity owing to its minimally invasive nature. The distance from the radial artery to the target vessel is critical for success; however, effective pre-assessment methods have not yet been established. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of predistance measurements from the left radial artery using simple computed tomography (CT) images. In this study, distance measurements were performed from the left radial artery to the left and right iliac artery bifurcations and from the left radial artery to the common femoral artery at the upper femoral border. These distances, measured using CT images before and after the lower-extremity contrast study, were compared with the distances identified during the lower-extremity contrast study. Distances measured using simple CT images showed a high correlation with the distances identified during the lower-extremity contrast examination (r = 0.9317, p < 0.0001; from the left radial artery to the left and right iliac artery bifurcation; r = 0.9402, p < 0.0001; and from the left radial artery to the right common femoral artery at the upper femoral border). Our results suggest that pre-distance measurement using simple CT images can be a useful tool for EVT using the left radial artery approach. Although future large-scale studies are required, this technique merits consideration owing to its widespread adoption in clinical practice.
Factors influencing behavioral intention to use e-learning in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analytic review based on the UTAUT2 model
Authors: Zheng Hao , Han Feifei , Huang Yi , Wu Yonghe , Wu Xinyi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the e-learning demand among in tertiary education sector has surged, which has produced prolific research on factors influencing students’ and faculties e-learning adoption. Anchored in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) framework, this study employed a meta-analytic approach to investigate the effects of seven key antecedents (i.e., Performance Expectation, Effort Expectation, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, and Habit) and possible moderators on Behavioral Intention (BI) towards using e-learning. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the study identified 91 empirical studies involving 37,910 participants including both university faculties and students. The results show that Habit was the most influential antecedent on BI. Apart from Habit, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, Performance Expectation, and Facilitating Conditions were strongly correlated with BI towards using e-learning, whereas Effort Expectation, Social Influence, and BI had moderate relations with BI. The moderation analyses demonstrate that the variables of gender, user type, region, cultural orientation, and income level all significantly moderated the relations between various antecedents and BI. The study results provide some practical implications on how e-learning providers or institutions may more effectively improve e-learning adoption among faculties and students. Possible strategies may include designing strategies to enhance habit formation of users, leveraging hedonic motivation by incorporating interactive and engaging contents, and offering technical support and cost-effective e-learning platforms. Furthermore, strategies which are designed to foster positive e-learning adoption should also be tailored to accommodate diverse learner profiles by taking the moderating factors of gender, cultural backgrounds, and economic disparities, ultimately leading to more equitable and inclusive e-learning in higher education.