bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse effects of gaze direction on heading perception in humans
Authors: Gao Wei , Lin Yipeng , Shen Jiangrong , Han Jianing , Song Xiaoxiao , Lu Yukun , Zhan Huijia , Li Qianbing , Ge Haoting , Lin Zheng , Shi Wenlei , Drugowitsch Jan , Tang Huajin , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gaze change can misalign spatial reference frames encoding visual and vestibular signals in cortex, which may affect the heading discrimination. Here, by systematically manipulating the eye-in-head and head-on-body positions to change the gaze direction of subjects, the performance of heading discrimination was tested with visual, vestibular, and combined stimuli in a reaction-time task in which the reaction time is under the control of subjects. We found the gaze change induced substantial biases in perceived heading, increased the threshold of discrimination and reaction time of subjects in all stimulus conditions. For the visual stimulus, the gaze effects were induced by changing the eye-in-world position, and the perceived heading was biased in the opposite direction of gaze. In contrast, the vestibular gaze effects were induced by changing the eye-in-head position, and the perceived heading was biased in the same direction of gaze. Although the bias was reduced when the visual and vestibular stimuli were combined, integration of the 2 signals substantially deviated from predictions of an extended diffusion model that accumulates evidence optimally over time and across sensory modalities. These findings reveal diverse gaze effects on the heading discrimination and emphasize that the transformation of spatial reference frames may underlie the effects.
Differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict affect post-pollination reproductive isolation in a flowering plant
Authors: Petrén Hampus , Thosteman Hanna , Stift Marc , Toräng Per , Ågren Jon , Friberg Magne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMating system shifts from outcrossing to selfing are frequent in plant evolution. Relative to outcrossing, selfing is associated with reduced parental conflict over seed provisioning, which may result in postzygotic, asymmetric, reproductive isolation in crosses between populations of different mating systems. To test the hypothesis that post-pollination reproductive isolation between populations increases with increasing differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict, we performed a crossing experiment involving all combinations of three self-compatible populations (with low outcrossing rates), and three self-incompatible populations (with high outcrossing rates) of the arctic-alpine herb Arabis alpina, assessing fitness-related seed and plant traits of the progeny. Predicted levels of parental conflict (“genome strength”) were quantified based on strength of self-incompatibility and estimates of outcrossing rates. Crosses between self-compatible and self-incompatible populations yielded very small seeds of low viability, resulting in strong reproductive isolation. In 14 of 15 reciprocal between-population crosses, seeds were heavier when the paternal plant had the stronger genome, and seed mass differences between cross directions increased with an increased difference in parental conflict. Overall, our results suggest that, when sufficiently large, differences in mating system and hence in expected parental conflict may result in strong post-pollination reproductive barriers contributing to speciation.
Mapping of meiotic recombination in human preimplantation blastocysts
Authors: Ma Yuanlin , Wang Jing , Li Rong , Ding Chenhui , Xu Yan , Zhou Canquan , Xu Yanwen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recombination is essential for physical attachments and genetic diversity. The Han Chinese population is the largest ethnic group worldwide, therefore, the construction of a genetic map regarding recombination for the population is essential. In this study, 164 and 240 couples who underwent preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases or segmental rearrangement were included in the analysis. Blastocysts and probands from couples who underwent preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases by single nucleotide polymorphism array were included for recombination analysis. The location of recombination was determined from haplotype phase transitions in parent-offspring pairs at loci where the parents were heterozygous. The genetic map for Chinese in vitro fertilization embryos was constructed by the expectation–maximization algorithm with chip-level data. Our results confirmed that homologous recombination occurred more often in maternal chromosomes, and the age effect was more significant in maternal homologous recombination. A total of 6,494 homologous recombination hotspots (32.3%) were identified in genes of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. A uniform association between homologous recombination and aneuploidy was not established. In addition, carriers with identified breakpoints of reciprocal translocations were analyzed, and locations of breakpoints were found partly overlapped with homologous recombination hotspots, implying a possible similar mechanism behind both events. This study highlights the significance of constructing a recombination map, which may improve the accuracy of haplotype analysis for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases. Overlapping locations of translocation and recombination are worthy of further investigation.
Parvovirus dark matter in the cloaca of wild birds
Authors: Dai Ziyuan , Wang Haoning , Wu Haisheng , Zhang Qing , Ji Likai , Wang Xiaochun , Shen Quan , Yang Shixing , Ma Xiao , Shan Tongling , Zhang Wen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the development of viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing technology, more and more novel parvoviruses have been identified in recent years, including even entirely new lineages. The Parvoviridae family includes a different group of viruses that can infect a wide variety of animals. In this study, systematic analysis was performed to identify the “dark matter” (datasets that cannot be easily attributed to known viruses) of parvoviruses and to explore their genetic diversity from wild birds’ cloacal swab samples. We have tentatively defined this parvovirus “dark matter” as a highly divergent lineage in the Parvoviridae family. All parvoviruses showed several characteristics, including 2 major protein-coding genes and similar genome lengths. Moreover, we observed that the novel parvo-like viruses share similar genome organizations to most viruses in Parvoviridae but could not clustered with the established subfamilies in phylogenetic analysis. We also found some new members associated with the Bidnaviridae family, which may be derived from parvovirus. This suggests that systematic analysis of domestic and wild animal samples is necessary to explore the genetic diversity of parvoviruses and to mine for more of this potential dark matter.
Asymmetry in the rate of warming and the phenology of seasonal blooms in the Northeast US Shelf Ecosystem
Authors: Friedland Kevin D , Record Nicholas R , Pendleton Daniel E , Balch William M , Stamieszkin Karen , Moisan John R , Brady Damian C 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPredicting the impact of marine ecosystem warming on the timing and magnitude of phytoplankton production is challenging. For example, warming can advance the progression of stratification thereby changing the availability of nutrients to surface phytoplankton, or influence the surface mixed layer depth, thus affecting light availability. Here, we use a time series of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll remote sensing products to characterize the response of the phytoplankton community to increased temperature in the Northeast US Shelf Ecosystem. The rate of change in SST was higher in the summer than in winter in all ecoregions resulting in little change in the timing and magnitude of the spring thermal transition compared to a significant change in the autumn transition. Along with little phenological shift in spring thermal conditions, there was also no evidence of a change in spring bloom timing and duration. However, we observed a change in autumn bloom timing in the Georges Bank ecoregion, where bloom initiation has shifted from late September to late October between 1998 and 2020—on average 33 d later. Bloom duration in this ecoregion also shortened from ∼7.5 to 5 weeks. The shortened autumn bloom may be caused by later overturn in stratification known to initiate autumn blooms in the region, whereas the timing of light limitation at the end of the bloom remains unchanged. These changes in bloom timing and duration appear to be related to the change in autumn thermal conditions and the significant shift in autumn thermal transition. These results suggest that the spring bloom phenology in this temperate continental shelf ecosystem may be more resilient to thermal climate change effects than blooms occurring in other times of the year.
Cosets of Free Field Algebras via Arc Spaces
Authors: Linshaw Andrew R , Song Bailin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing the invariant theory of arc spaces, we find minimal strong generating sets for certain cosets of affine vertex algebras inside free field algebras that are related to classical Howe duality. These results have several applications. First, for any vertex algebra ${{\mathcal {V}}}$, we have a surjective homomorphism of differential algebras $\mathbb {C}[J_{\infty }(X_{{{\mathcal {V}}}})] \rightarrow \text {gr}^{F}({{\mathcal {V}}})$; equivalently, the singular support of ${{\mathcal {V}}}$ is a closed subscheme of the arc space of the associated scheme $X_{{{\mathcal {V}}}}$. We give many new examples of classically free vertex algebras (i.e., this map is an isomorphism), including $L_{k}({{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {p}}}_{2n})$ for all positive integers $n$ and $k$. We also give new examples where the kernel of this map is nontrivial but is finitely generated as a differential ideal. Next, we prove a coset realization of the subregular ${{\mathcal {W}}}$-algebra of ${{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {l}}}_{n}$ at a critical level that was previously conjectured by Creutzig, Gao, and the 1st author. Finally, we give some new level-rank dualities involving affine vertex superalgebras.
Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in the pre- and postpartum diets on mineral status, antioxidant biomarkers, and health of dairy cows
Authors: Mion Bruna , Ogilvie Lori , Van Winters Bryn , Spricigo Jose F W , Anan Sanjana , Duplessis Mélissa , McBride Brian W , LeBlanc Stephen J , Steele Michael A , Ribeiro Eduardo de Souza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur objectives were to evaluate the effects of complete replacement of supplementary inorganic salts of trace minerals (ITM; cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) sulfates and sodium (Na) selenite) by organic trace minerals (OTM; Co, Cu, Mn, Zn proteinates, and selenized yeast) in both pre- and postpartum diets on trace minerals (TM) concentrations in body fluids and liver, antioxidant and inflammation biomarkers in blood, and postpartum health of dairy cows. Pregnant cows were blocked by parity and body condition score and randomly assigned to ITM (n = 136) or OTM (n = 137) 45 d before expected calving. Both groups received the same pre- and postpartum diets except for the source of supplementary TM. The day of calving was considered study d 0 and blood was collected on d –45, –21, –14, –10, –7, –3, 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 23, 65, and 105 for analyses of TM and biomarkers. Concentrations of TM were also investigated in the liver (d 105), milk (d 7, 23, 65, 105), urine (d –21, 21, 65, 105), ruminal fluid and feces (d –21, 21, 65). Incidence of clinical and subclinical health conditions were evaluated. Complete replacement of ITM by OTM resulted in greater concentration of selenium (Se) in serum (0.084 vs. 0.086 µg/mL; P &lt; 0.01), milk (0.24 vs. 0.31 µg/g; P &lt; 0.01), and ruminal fluid (0.54 vs. 0.58 µg/g; P = 0.06), and reduced concentration of Se in urine (1.54 vs. 1.23 µg/g; P&lt;0.01). For concentration of Co in serum, an interaction between treatment and time was detected (P &lt; 0.01). Cows supplemented with OTM had greater concentrations of Co on d –7 and 0 (0.30 vs. 0.33 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.01) but lower concentrations of Co on d 23, 65, and 105 (0.34 vs. 0.31 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.05), in addition to reduced concentration of Co in feces (1.08 vs. 0.99 µg/g; P = 0.04) and, for multiparous only, in urine (0.019 vs. 0.014 µg/g; P &lt; 0.01). Cows supplemented with OTM had lower postpartum concentrations of glutamate dehydrogenase (20.8 vs. 17.8 U/L; P &lt; 0.05) and higher albumin on d –10 (36.0 vs. 36.7 g/L; P = 0.04) and 23 (36.9 vs. 37.6 g/L; P = 0.03) relative to calving. Primiparous cows fed OTM had lower concentration of ceruloplasmin in plasma (55 vs. 51 mg/L; P ≤ 0.05). Cows supplemented with OTM had less incidence of lameness (14% vs. 7%; P = 0.05), elevated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (61% vs. 44%; P &lt; 0.01), and multiple metabolic problems (35% vs. 20%; P &lt; 0.01). Despite the lack of differences in Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations and antioxidant capacity, complete replacement of ITM by OTM altered concentrations of Se and Co, supported liver and hoof health, and reduced the risk of postpartum elevated NEFA.
Code-free machine learning for classification of central nervous system histopathology images
Authors: Jungo Patric , Hewer Ekkehard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Machine learning (ML), an application of artificial intelligence, is currently transforming the analysis of biomedical data and specifically of biomedical images including histopathology. The promises of this technology contrast, however, with its currently limited application in routine clinical practice. This discrepancy is in part due to the extent of informatics expertise typically required for implementation of ML. Therefore, we assessed the suitability of 2 publicly accessible code-free ML platforms (Microsoft Custom Vision and Google AutoML), for classification of histopathological images of diagnostic central nervous system tissue samples. When trained with typically 100 to more than 1000 images, both systems were able to perform nontrivial classifications (glioma vs brain metastasis; astrocytoma vs astrocytosis, prediction of 1p/19q co-deletion in IDH-mutant tumors) based on hematoxylin and eosin-stained images with high accuracy (from ∼80% to nearly 100%). External validation of the predicted accuracy and negative control experiments were found to be crucial for verification of the accuracy predicted by the algorithms. Furthermore, we propose a possible diagnostic workflow for pathologists to implement classification of histopathological images based on code-free machine platforms.
Long-Term Health Care Costs for Service Members Injured in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Stewart Ian J , Ambardar Shiva , Howard Jeffrey T , Janak Jud C , Walker Lauren E , Poltavskiy Eduard , Alcover Karl C , Watrous Jessica , V. Gundlapalli Adi , B. P. Pettey Warren , Suo Ying , Nelson Richard E 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Over the last two decades, the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have cost the United States significantly in terms of lives lost, disabling injuries, and budgetary expenditures. This manuscript calculates the differences in costs between veterans with combat injuries vs veterans without combat injuries. This work could be used to project future costs in subsequent studies.

Materials and Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we randomly selected 7,984 combat-injured veterans between February 1, 2002, and June 14, 2016, from Veterans Affairs Health System administrative data. We matched injured veterans 1:1 to noninjured veterans on year of birth (± 1 year), sex, and first service branch. We observed patients for a maximum of 10 years. This research protocol was reviewed and approved by the David Grant USAF Medical Center institutional review board (IRB), the University of Utah IRB, and the Research Review Committee of the VA Salt Lake City Health Care System in accordance with all applicable Federal regulations.

Results
Patients were primarily male (98.1% in both groups) and White (76.4% for injured patients, 72.3% for noninjured patients), with a mean (SD) age of 26.8 (6.6) years for the injured group and 27.7 (7.0) years for noninjured subjects. Average total costs for combat-injured service members were higher for each year studied. The difference was highest in the first year ($16,050 compared to $4,135 for noninjured). These differences remained significant after adjustment. Although this difference was greatest in the first year (marginal effect $12,386, 95% confidence interval $9,736-$15,036; P &lt; 0.001), total costs continued to be elevated in years 2-10, with marginal effects ranging from $1,766 to $2,597 (P &lt; 0.001 for all years). More severe injuries tended to increase costs in all categories.

Conclusions
Combat injured patients have significantly higher long-term health care costs compared to their noninjured counterparts. If this random sample is extrapolated to the 53,251 total of combat wounded service members, it implies a total excess cost of $1.6 billion to date after adjustment for covariates and a median follow-up time of 10 years. These costs are likely to increase as injured veterans age and develop additional chronic conditions.
Whole-brain radiotherapy associated with structural changes resembling aging as determined by anatomic surface-based deep learning
Authors: Rammohan Nikhil , Ho Alexander , Besson Pierre , Kruser Tim J , Bandt S Kathleen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in adults and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is used frequently in patients for palliation, but can result in neurocognitive deficits. While dose-dependent injury to individual areas such as the hippocampus has been demonstrated, global structural shape changes after WBRT remain to be studied.

Methods
We studied healthy controls and patients with brain metastases and examined MRI brain anatomic surface data before and after WBRT. We implemented a validated graph convolutional neural network model to estimate patient’s “brain age”. We further developed a mixed-effects linear model to compare the estimated age of the whole brain and substructures before and after WBRT.

Results
4220 subjects were analyzed (4148 healthy controls and 72 patients). The median radiation dose was 30 Gy (range 25–37.5 Gy). The whole brain and substructures underwent structural change resembling rapid aging in radiated patients compared to healthy controls; the whole brain “aged” 9.32 times faster, the cortex 8.05 times faster, the subcortical structures 12.57 times faster, and the hippocampus 10.14 times faster. In a subset analysis, the hippocampus “aged” 8.88 times faster in patients after conventional WBRT versus after hippocampal avoidance (HA)-WBRT.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that WBRT causes the brain and its substructures to undergo structural changes at a pace up to 13x of the normal aging pace, where hippocampal avoidance offers focal structural protection. Correlating these structural imaging changes with neurocognitive outcomes following WBRT or HA-WBRT would benefit from future analysis.
Adult intracranial ependymoma—relevance of DNA methylation profiling for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Träger Malte , Schweizer Leonille , Pérez Eilís , Schmid Simone , Hain Elisabeth G , Dittmayer Carsten , Onken Julia , Fukuoka Kohei , Ichimura Koichi , Schüller Ulrich , Dührsen Lasse , Müther Michael , Paulus Werner , Thomas Christian , Gutt-Will Marielena , Schucht Philippe , Maragkou Theoni , Schittenhelm Jens , Eckert Franziska , Niyazi Maximilian , Fleischmann Daniel F , Dorostkar Mario M , Feyer Petra , May Sven-Axel , Moskopp Dag , Badakhshi Harun , Radke Cornelia , Walter Jan , Ehret Felix , Capper David , Kaul David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
A methylation-based classification of ependymoma has recently found broad application. However, the diagnostic advantage and implications for treatment decisions remain unclear. Here, we retrospectively evaluate the impact of surgery and radiotherapy on outcome after molecular reclassification of adult intracranial ependymomas.

Methods
Tumors diagnosed as intracranial ependymomas from 170 adult patients collected from 8 diagnostic institutions were subjected to DNA methylation profiling. Molecular classes, patient characteristics, and treatment were correlated with progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
The classifier indicated an ependymal tumor in 73.5%, a different tumor entity in 10.6%, and non-classifiable tumors in 15.9% of cases, respectively. The most prevalent molecular classes were posterior fossa ependymoma group B (EPN-PFB, 32.9%), posterior fossa subependymoma (PF-SE, 25.9%), and supratentorial ZFTA fusion-positive ependymoma (EPN-ZFTA, 11.2%). With a median follow-up of 60.0 months, the 5- and 10-year-PFS rates were 64.5% and 41.8% for EPN-PFB, 67.4% and 45.2% for PF-SE, and 60.3% and 60.3% for EPN-ZFTA. In EPN-PFB, but not in other molecular classes, gross total resection (GTR) (P = .009) and postoperative radiotherapy (P = .007) were significantly associated with improved PFS in multivariable analysis. Histological tumor grading (WHO 2 vs. 3) was not a predictor of the prognosis within molecularly defined ependymoma classes.

Conclusions
DNA methylation profiling improves diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification in adult intracranial ependymoma. The molecular class of PF-SE is unexpectedly prevalent among adult tumors with ependymoma histology and relapsed as frequently as EPN-PFB, despite the supposed benign nature. GTR and radiotherapy may represent key factors in determining the outcome of EPN-PFB patients.
Zooplankton community variability in the South Atlantic Bight (2015–2017)
Authors: López-Figueroa Natalia B , Walters Tina L , Laureano-Rosario Abdiel E , DiGeronimo Sebastian P , Hallock Pamela , Frischer Marc E , Rodríguez-Santiago Áurea E , Gibson Deidre M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the South Atlantic Bight (SAB), responses of zooplankton communities to physical dynamics were evaluated monthly at two sites on the continental shelf offshore from Savannah, GA, USA, between December 2015 and December 2017. Zooplankton were collected in oblique net tows (202-μm). Samples were collected in two regions of the middle shelf: inner edge (Site 1: 25 m isobath, n = 22) and outer edge (Site 2: 40 m isobath, n = 21). Samples were also collected at a third site on the 40 m isobath, ~20 nm south of Site 2 in July and August 2016. Temperature, salinity and fluorescence data were recorded at each site. Overall, 57 taxa were identified with total abundances varying from 1 × 103 to 81 × 103 ind.m−3. Small copepods predominated; notably Paracalanus spp. The highest abundance was recorded in October 2016 at Site 1, following deep mixing induced by Hurricane Matthew. Interannual variability of zooplankton abundance was significant, with higher abundances in 2016 compared with 2017, reflecting higher river runoff in 2016. Samples from Site 3 yielded the largest Dolioletta gegenbauri bloom documented in the SAB. This 2-year time-series, for the first time, suggests that zooplankton communities on the SAB middle shelf region are significantly influenced by continental precipitation patterns.