bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Footpad dermatitis, hock burns and condemnation rates at slaughterhouse as on-farm welfare indicators
Authors: Saraiva S. , Santos S. , Simões J. , Saraiva C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Data collected during meat inspection in slaughterhouses are important for monitoring and surveillance of the welfare and health of broilers.The objective of this study was to assess the health and welfare of 70 commercial broilers flocks in three different slaughterhouses based on: emaciation, dirty feathers (DF), footpad dermatitis (FPD), hock burn (HB), breast burn (BB), breast blister, breast ulcer, scratches, ascites, septicemia/abnormal color, cellulitis, extensive traumatisms, dead on arrival (DoA) and condemnation rate. A 3-point scale (0, 1 or 2) was used to classify DF, FPD and HB measures; a 2-point scale (present or absent) was used to classify BB, breast blisters, breast ulcer and scratches measures and the causes of total condemnation (ascites, septicemia/abnormal color, cellulitis, extensive traumatisms and DoA) were registered and presented in percentages. Eleven pavilions that obtained the worst results for these indicators were audited.
Results: Two flocks presented condemnations rates higher than 4% and 11 flocks presented DoA rates higher than 0.5%. Twenty-one flocks achieved the warning (grade 1) for FPD and 14 the alarm for FPD (grade 2). Extensive trauma was observed in 0.01% of the slaughtered animals and none flock reached the threshold of 2%. Breast blister, breast ulcer and scratches lesions were not observed in the studied flocks. The associations obtained for FPD2, HB2 and BB1, as well as for emaciation, HB0 and BB0 indicate simultaneous occurrences. FPD, HB, DoA and condemnation rates were the main indicators in the detection of farms with poor welfare conditions.
Conclusions: FPD, HB, DoA and condemnation rates should be systematically included in welfare monitoring of broilers. Audits on farms suggested that improvements in environmental and strutural conditions such as house temperature, insulation, ventilation, light program, air quality and reduce stocking densities are key factors to improve animal welfare on farms.
Dual-effect recombinant baculovirus mediated RNA interference with V-ATPase of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Bai Shanshan , Jin Duo , Jiang Yonggan , Chen Fenghua , Cheng Weining , Qi Zhijun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda), has rapidly spread from American continent to many other areas and caused serious damage to local agriculture. In order to explore a more environment-friendly and effective control strategy against this pest, we developed a dual-effect RNAi system based on baculoviruses infection and gene silencing. V-ATPase subunits A and B of FAW (SfvATPaseA and SfvATPaseB) were cloned for the construction of recombinant baculoviruses (rBviruses) of Bacmid-dsSfvATPaseA and Bacmid-dsSfvATPaseB with the capacity of producing small interfering RNA. The efficacy of baculovirus-mediated RNAi was evaluated by injection delivery. The results showed that the relative expression levels of SfvATPaseA and SfvATPaseB were significantly suppressed by constructed rBviruses with reduction rates of 73.85% and 69.82%. The larval inhibition rates of the body weight and length resulting from RNAi were more than 82% and 40%, respectively. More importantly, these two rBviruses greatly accelerated the larval death of FAW with a total mortality using two days less than that caused by bacmid control. After ten serial passages, both rBviruses exhibited excellent genetic stabilities. These results suggest that the creation of dual-effect biopesticides with both activities of viral infection and gene silencing is feasible and prospective.
Role of autophagy in the regulation of respiratory inflammation caused by zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Hao , Cai Li , Su Cheng , Huang Xibao , Tong Yeqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective: To study whether zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnO-NPs) can induce cellular autophagy in neutrophils, and whether cellular autophagy is capable of regulating the degree of inflammatory response induced by ZnO-NPs, as well as to lay a basis for research relating to the toxicity of ZnO-NPs on the respiratory system.
Methods: Peripheral blood neutrophils of rats were stimulated with different concentration gradients of ZnO-NPs (including 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L). The expression levels of cellular autophagy-associated protein LC3B were examined using immunoblotting (WB) method. The expression levels of inflammatory factor IL-8 in cell supernatants were examined through enzyme-linked immunoreagent adsorption assay (ELISA). The expression levels of cellular autophagy-associated proteins LC3B and P62 and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) were examined through stimulation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (20 mg/L) for 24 h after neutrophils were pretreated with autophagy agonist (RAPA) and autophagy inhibitor (3-MA).
Results: IL-8 and LC3B expression levels were up-regulated after the stimulation of neutrophils with ZnO-NPs, the pretreatment of cells with autophagy agonist (RAPA) up-regulated the expression of ZnO-NPs-induced IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β, and the pretreatment of cells with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA down-regulated the expression of ZnO-NPs-induced IL-8, IL-6, and IL 1β.
Conclusion: ZnO-NPs are capable of inducing neutrophil autophagy, and cellular autophagy can regulate ZnO-NPs-induced neutrophil inflammatory response.
bHLH transcription factors Hes1, Ascl1 and Oligo2 exhibit different expression patterns in the process of physiological electric fields-induced neuronal differentiation
Authors: Li Zhe , Li Hai , Zhou Jiaying , Yu Xiyao , Dong Zhiyong , Meng Xiaoting 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have shown that the expression of bHLH transcription factors Hes1, Ascl1, and Oligo2 has an oscillating balance in neural stem cells (NSCs) to maintain their self-proliferation and multidirectional differentiation potential. This balance can be disrupted by exogenous stimulation. Our previous work has identified that electrical stimulation could induce neuronal differentiation of mouse NSCs.
Methods
To further evaluate if physiological electric fields (EFs)-induced neuronal differentiation is related to the expression patterns of bHLH transcription factors Hes1, Ascl1, and Oligo2, mouse embryonic brain NSCs were used to investigate the expression changes of Ascl1, Hes1 and Oligo2 in mRNA and protein levels during EF-induced neuronal differentiation.
Results
Our results showed that NSCs expressed high level of Hes1, while expression of Ascl1 and Oligo2 stayed at very low levels. When NSCs exited proliferation, the expression of Hes1 in differentiated cells began to decrease and oscillated at the low expression level. Oligo2 showed irregular changes in low expression level. EF-stimulation significantly increased the expression of Ascl1 at mRNA and protein levels accompanied by an increased percentage of neuronal differentiation. What’s more, this tendency was increased with the extension of EF-stimulation time and reached the peak at 24h of EF-treatment.
Conclusions
We conclude here, EF-stimulation directed neuronal differentiation of NSCs by promoting the continuous accumulation of Ascl1 expression and decreasing the expression of Hes1.
Leveraging of Climate Fintech Model in India: Scoping through a Qualitative Approach using a Sentiments Analysis
Authors: G Sreelekshmi , V Biju A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Climate crisis has become a crucial concern for humankind as extremes in climate have grown manifold, mainly originating from anthropogenic activities. Growth and development are indispensable but worthless if our survival is under threat. Therefore, it demands prompt action from all stakeholders. However, colossal requirements of funds for climate sustainability remain a principal concern. India is one of the most active fintech markets in the world using domestic technologies like Unified Payment Interface (UPI), showing a fantastic growth trajectory in terms of international adoptions. With the boom of fintech solutions in India, the possibility of a novel fintech model with a climate action motive, known as climate fintech or green fintech, garnered entrepreneurial attention. Therefore, we intend to explore the concept of climate fintech and understand the state of the art using an inductive qualitative approach. With the help of the insights drawn from a systematic review of existing studies, a case study was conducted, followed by sentiment analysis, to reaffirm the results. Our findings suggest considerable scope for the climate fintech model to be beneficial for attaining the country’s climate targets. Our research anticipates that the area and climate fintech applications will advance in future.
Kinetic Trapping of 2,4,6-Tris(4-pyridyl)benzene and ZnI 2 into M 12 L 8 poly-[n]-catenanes using unconventional self-assembling processes
Authors: Rujas Javier Marti , Famulari Antonino 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Here we show that in a supramolecular system with more than 20 building blocks forming the large icosahedral M12L8 metal-organic cages (MOCs), using the instant synthesis method it is possible to kinetically trap, and control the formation of interlocking M12L8 nanocages, giving the rare M12L8 TPB-ZnI2 poly-[n]-catenane. The catenanes are obtained in one-pot reaction, selectively as amorphous (a1) or crystalline states as demonstrated by powder X-ray diffraction (powder XRD), thermogravimetrical (TG) analysis and 1H NMR. The 300 K M12L8 poly-[n]-catenane single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) structure including nitrobenzene (1), indicates a strong guest binding with the large M12L8 cage (i.e., internal volume ca. 2700 Å3) allowing its structural resolution. Conversely, slow self-assembly (5 days) leads a mixture of the M12L8 poly-[n]-catenane and a new TPB-ZnI2 (2) coordination polymer (i.e., thermodynamic product) as revealed by SC-XRD. The neat grinding solid-state synthesis also yields the amorphous M12L8 poly-[n]-catenane (a2), but not coordination polymers, selectively in 15 mins. The dynamic behavior of the M12L8 poly-[n]-catenanes demonstrated by the amorphous-to-crystalline transformation upon the uptake of ortho-, meta- and para-xylenes, shows the potential of M12L8 poly-[n]-catenanes as functional materials in molecular separation. Finally, combining SC-XRD of 1 and DFT calculations specific for the solid-state, the role of the guests in the stability of the 1D chains of M12L8 nanocages are reported. Energy interactions such as interaction energies (E), the lattice energies (E*), the host-guest energies (Ehost-guest) and the guest-guest energies (Eguest-guest) have been analysed considering the X-ray structure with and without nitrobenzene guest. Not only the synthetic control achieved in the synthesis of the M12L8 MOCs, but also their dynamic behavior either in the crystalline or amorphous phase, are sufficient to raise the scientific interest in areas ranging from fundamental to the applied sides of chemistry and material sciences.
Laboratory risk factors for coexistent primary biliary cholangitis in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Xuan , Xiao Guangzhi , Yang Fengfan , Dou Rongrong , Xue Miao , Zhang Yingying , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Jin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
There is limited research on the laboratory characteristics of coexistent primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This study aimed to investigate the laboratory risk factors for the coexistence of PBC in patients with SS.
Methods
Eighty-two patients with coexistent SS and PBC (median age 52.50 years) and 82 age- and sex-matched SS controls were retrospectively enrolled between July 2015 and July 2021. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two groups were compared. Laboratory risk factors for the coexistence of PBC in patients with SS were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.
Results
Both groups had a similar prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, and interstitial lung disease. Compared with the SS group, patients in the SS + PBC group had higher levels of liver enzymes, immunoglobulins M (IgM), G2, and G3 (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with an antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer > 1:10000 in the SS + PBC group was 56.1%, higher than that in the SS group (19.5%, P < 0.05). In addition, cytoplasmic, centromeric, and nuclear membranous patterns of ANA and positive anti-centromere antibody (ACA) were observed more frequently in the SS + PBC group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated IgM levels, high ANA titer, cytoplasmic pattern, and ACA were independent risk factors for PBC coexistence in SS.
Conclusion
In addition to established risk factors, elevated IgM levels, positive ACA, and high ANA titer with cytoplasmic pattern also provide clues to clinicians for the early screening and diagnosis of PBC in patients with SS.
Towards Standards for Registering and Documenting Heritage Villages in Egypt
Authors: Abdo Ahmed Mohamed , Hussein Omar Ibrahim , Hassanein Emad Mohamed , Mohamed Abdelaziz Farouk 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There are still many villages that contain other undiscovered heritage components in addition to their historical heritage that expresses a different status and character from other environments, even though many of the heritage areas and buildings owned by the Egyptian state are World Heritage sites. Failure to adapt to local, regional, and global concepts and concepts as well as a lack of strength in advocating for the necessity of developing these villages would result in many cases of their loss rather than their benefit. Therefore, it is necessary to keep track of and record these towns in order to prioritize them in a bank according to the national goal that the state wants to progress the Egyptian village. The research paper aims to develop requirements and standards for monitoring and documenting Egyptian heritage villages, documenting, and registering them in accordance with the global and regional concept, which expands the opportunities for investment and credits for these villages and diversifies the Egyptian state's economic resources. The study uses analytical, descriptive, and inductive methodologies to reach its research objectives. The study is divided into three parts. The first part examines the characteristics of heritage villages and their distinctive elements at the global, regional, and local levels. The second part explores the standards and terms of reference for designating villages as historic at the global, regional, and local levels along with their historic components. In the third part of this study "The villages of Luxor Governorate," the heritage components were field monitored in order to assess the conditions and local reference standards for monitoring and recording the heritage villages in Egypt. Additionally, a group of experts and specialists were questioned about the standards that are not mentioned in the law and the likelihood to it is necessary to include them. Additionally, standing on the list of standards that serve as a tool for identifying and cataloging legacy villages with heritage components at the national, international, and regional levels in Egypt. The villages of the case study "Villages of Luxor Governorate" were then recorded, documented, and classified in order to determine the level of categorization for each village. This process produced a list of villages in Luxor Governorate, Egypt that had heritage components.
Prepubertal continuous dietary folate fortification enhances brain function of adult mice by modulating antioxidant status, inflammation and brain neurotransmitter levels
Authors: Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Olofinnade Anthony T. , Ojo Folusho O. , Falade Joshua , Onaolapo Adejoke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a growing body of knowledge in support of the beneficial effects of folic acid supplementation. However, while ample evidence exists concerning beneficial effects on growth and haematologic parameters, possible effects of continuous folic acid supplementation on the brain are less examined.
Objectives
To investigate possible effect of dietary folic acid supplementation (beginning in the prepubertal period) on neurobehaviour, oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters and neurotransmitter levels in adult mice.
Methods
Forty-eight prepubertal male mice (postnatal day 21) were randomly assigned into four groups of 12 (n = 12) animals each. Mice were grouped into normal control (fed standard diet) and three groups fed folic acid supplemented diet at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg of feed. Daily food intake and weekly body weight were assessed. Animals were fed standard diet, or folic acid supplemented diet for a period of eight weeks. On postnatal day 78, animals were exposed to behavioural paradigms (Open-field, Y maze, radial arm maze, elevated plus maze, bar test and models of behavioural despair). Twenty-four hours after the last behavioural test, animals were fasted overnight following which they were sacrificed, and blood taken for assessment of blood glucose, leptin, and insulin levels. The brain of the animals were also homogenised for the assessment of biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, inflammatory markers, dopamine, brain derived neurotropic factor, acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase activity).
Results
Results showed a concentration dependent increase/improvement in body weight, antioxidant status, memory scores (in the radial arm and Y- maze) and acetylcholine levels; and a decrease in food intake, blood glucose, insulin, and leptin level. A reduction in open field behaviours, anxiety-related behaviours, and proinflammatory markers were also observed.
Conclusion
The beneficial effects of prepubertal continuous dietary folate fortification in specific contexts relating to behaviour, cognition, oxidative status, metabolic hormones and brain neurochemistry (as the animal ages) are shown in the study.
Lower glomerular filtration rate after mild stroke induces cognitive impairment by causing endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Yan Xu , Chen Huan , Shang Xiuli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims

The incidence of post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is higher in patients with mild stroke (MIS), and the risk factors and mechanism are uncertain. Increased cystatin C (CysC) levels after stroke may reflect lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal impairment. Previous studies have suggested endothelial dysfunction (ED) is closely related to renal impairment and cognitive impairment, respectively. We aimed to observe whether lower GFR estimated by CysC after MIS lead to a high incidence of PSCI, and the role of ED in this process.

Methods

256 patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Renal function was assessed using GFR estimated by serum CysC. Endothelial function was evaluated by reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). The cognitive function at baseline and 3 months was evaluated by MoCA score. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression were conducted to explore the factors affecting ED. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify the independent risk factors of PSCI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to explore the optimal cutoff value of the independent risk factors levels for predicting PSCI.

Results

A total of 141 patients (55.1%) suffered from ED. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a strong linear correlation between eGFRcys and RHI (p＜0.001). At the three-month follow-up, a total of 150 (58.6%) patients had been diagnosed with PSCI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RHI was an independent factor affecting the occurrence of PSCI (p＜0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.724, and the optimal cut-off value of RHI was 1.655, with the sensitivity and specificity for PSCI were 72.7% and 73.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

The lower eGFRcys level after MIS was significantly associated with ED, and ED may mediate the higher incidence of PSCI at 3 months after MIS.
Influence of Patella Height on Knee Joint Function after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bi Zhiguo , Shi Xiaotong , Liao Shiyu , Li Xiao , Liu Jianguo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the change of patella height and postoperative functional outcomes, range of motion, and patellar crepitus after total knee arthroplasty.
Materials and methods:
Analysis of an observational, retrospective case series was conducted on 116 patients suffering total knee arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics from August 2020 to September 2022. According to the mBP ratio of postoperation, the patients were divided into normal patella height, patella baja, and patella alta groups. The primary conditions, KSS, range of motion of keen, and patellar crepitus were collected from the patients in each group during follow-up. Outcome assessors were blinded to the groups during the study.
Results:
There was no significant difference in the knee score of KSS among the groups (P = 0.024); the patella baja group significantly differed in the range of motion compared to the normal patella group (P = 0.037); a statistically significant difference existed in the patella baja group and the normal patella group for the patellar crepitus (P < 0.001);
Conclusion:
In the patients who underwent the total knee arthroplasty without patella replacement, it was found that abnormal patella position had no significant influence on postoperative KSS, but patella baja seemed to reduce the postoperative range of motion, and increase the rate of patella crepitus.
Immediate Destiny of Bifurcation Lesions Treated with Biomatrix Alpha Stents
Authors: Zahedi Mahdi , Najafi Mohammad Javad , Sadeghi Mina , Fatemi Alireza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background:
About 15% of coronary artery interventions are performed on coronary artery bifurcation. Treatment of these lesions is one of the therapeutic challenges of coronary artery lesions. Correcting short-term and long-term unintended consequences of these lesions requires continuous attention and intervention. Ever since drug-eluting stents were developed,the expectancy of rescuing patients with cardiovascular events has increased.
Methods:
In this study, we selected 51 patients (out of 850) who had received ≥1 cobalt-chromium, biodegradable polymer, Biolimus A9-eluting stent (CoCr-BP-BES) Biomatrix Alpha stent. Immediately after stenting, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow score in the coronary artery and its bypass branch, plaque shift, and lateral dissection immediately after angioplasty, were evaluated.
Results:
The mean age for patients was 65 (±10.35) years, where 49.02% of them were male and 45.1% had diabetes. No, lateral dissection and death were reported in any of the patients. Also, the TIMI flow grade was 3 for the main branch in all patients. Plaque shifts were compared at different degrees of the TIMI flow coronary artery bypass graft. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between groups. Controlling for gender, diabetes, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure with plaque shifts had no significant difference.
Conclusions:
We found that the immediate clinical outcomes for Biomatrix Alpha stents is admissible. In accordance with the current body of research on the latest-generation drug-eluting stent (DES), our results support the clinical benefit of the new biolimus-eluting (BES) stent technology that incorporating a biodegradable polymer, the BA-9 drug and a thin-strut CoCr stent platform.