bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex situ germplasm collections of exceptional species are a vital part of the conservation of Australia's national plant treasures
Authors: Martyn Yenson Amelia J. , Sommerville Karen D. , Guja Lydia K. , Merritt David J. , Dalziell Emma L. , Auld Tony D. , Broadhurst Linda , Coates David J. , Commander Lucy , Crawford Andrew D. , Emery Nathan J. , Funnekotter Bryn , Knapp Zoe , Makinson Robert O. , Monks Leonie , Wrigley Damian , Offord Catherine A. 
Published: September 2023

Societal Impact StatementConservation seed banks maintain collections of many seed‐bearing plant species, providing germplasm and data to support management of wild populations. However, a proportion of plant species produce seeds that are difficult to collect, dry, store and utilise; these are known as ‘exceptional’ species. Here we tested a framework for identifying exceptional species, to document examples and provide case studies within the Australian flora. We present a workflow that may be used to identify additional exceptional species, and direct efforts to establish appropriate collection types (seeds and/or living collections, tissue culture or cryopreservation) for their ex situ conservation.SummarySeed banking is well established to contribute to the conservation of many seed‐bearing plant species ex situ for future use in restoration, translocation, agriculture and horticulture. In Australia, over 67% of currently listed threatened plants are represented in conservation seed banks. However, there are challenges to conserving the full extent of plant diversity in seed banks, with growing recognition that we need to think beyond conventional seed banking methods to conserve ‘exceptional’ plant species that are difficult to collect, store and germinate. We examine how the framework for identification of such species can be applied to the Australian flora, using examples from the recently published guidelines for ‘Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia’ and case studies and data arising from the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Conference on the Environment ‘Exceptional Times, Exceptional Plants’. We present a workflow to assist conservation decision‐makers and practitioners in identifying exceptional species and overcoming barriers to storage of germplasm, enabling appropriate ex situ collection types to be established via seeds, living collections, tissue culture, cryopreservation or a combination of these. Australia's seed conservation sector continues to expand, with increasing expertise, facilities and networks established to conserve a diversity of plant species; however, resolving the challenges relating to each exceptionality factor requires significantly more time, labour and collaboration than current capacity allows. Understanding the barriers to conservation and production of healthy plants, via germination or other methods of propagation, is a critical component of conserving species long‐term and ultimately returning plants to the landscape.
Oleoylethanolamide ameliorates motor dysfunction through PPARα‐mediates oligodendrocyte differentiation and white matter integrity after ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhuo Rengong , Song Zhengmao , Wang Yun , Zhu Maoshu , Liu Feng , Lin Pingli , Rao Rong , Zhou Yu , Zhao Yun , Fan Zhongxiong , Cui Lishan , Liu Hongtao , Li Jingwen , Li Ying , Guo Han , Cai Cheng Fu , Yang Lichao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimOur previous study has revealed that OEA promotes motor function recovery in the chronic stage of ischemic stroke. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of OEA on motor function recovery after stroke still is unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of OEA treatment on angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and white matter repair in the peri‐infarct region after cerebral ischemia.Experimental ProcedureThe adult male rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The rats were treated with 10 and 30 mg/kg OEA or vehicle daily starting from day 2 after ischemia induction until they were sacrificed.Key Results and ConclusionsThe results revealed that OEA increased cortical angiogenesis, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferation, migration, and differentiation. OEA treatment enhanced the survival of newborn neurons and oligodendrogenesis, which eventually repaired the cortical neuronal injury and improved motor function after ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, OEA treatment promoted the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrogenesis by activating the PPARα signaling pathway. Our results showed that OEA restores motor function by facilitating cortical angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and white matter repair in rats after ischemic stroke. Therefore, we demonstrate that OEA facilitates functional recovery after ischemic stroke and propose the hypothesis that the long‐term application of OEA mitigates the disability after stroke.
Optimal approach for upstream fish passage design: One‐size‐fits‐all or made‐to‐order?
Authors: Nestler John M. , Gosselin Marie‐Pierre 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNearly 60,000 large dams (higher than 15 m) occur worldwide in addition to an estimated 16 million smaller impoundments with individual surface areas larger than 100 m2. The resulting habitat fragmentation threatens global riverine biodiversity and sustainable fish populations. Two opposing approaches for selecting fish passage designs to mitigate river fragmentation are possible: develop a limited number of standardized (reference) designs from which a design for a candidate dam is selected (one‐size‐fits‐all approach) versus conduct scientific fish passage studies specific to each dam and targeted fish species (made‐to‐order approach). The two approaches vary in probability of effectiveness, cost of supporting biological studies, and overall project cost and schedule impact. To address this conundrum, we analyzed 73 USA dams to identify two groups that differed markedly in fish passage planning approaches. Snake River dams are similar in design, flow, geological setting, and target fish species. By contrast, Mississippi River dams are relatively dissimilar in design, flow, and geological setting but generally similar in target fish species. We conclude that the more similar a candidate dam for fish passage is to a reference set of similar dams (i.e., the Snake River dams), then the more likely fish passage technology can be successfully extrapolated to a proposed dam in the same or a nearby watershed. As a general strategy, we recommend that dams in a region be clustered using key hydrologic, structural, operational, and biological variables. These variables can be used to assign a new dam or retrofit an existing dam to a cluster to which they are most similar, thereby optimally extending existing knowledge to new applications. In the process, reliance on the less efficient and more expensive made‐to‐order approach can be reduced.
Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Effect of Guaianolid Sesquiterpenes from Ferula hindukushensis
Authors: Mehrabani Mehrnaz , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Mehrabani Mitra , Jafari Mandana , Amirzadeh Mahla , Farhadi Faegheh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFerula species have been recognized as crucial medicinal plants that are known for producing a variety of sesquiterpenes, such as sesquiterpene lactones and sesquiterpene coumarins. However, guaianolide sesquiterpenes, which are sesquiterpene lactones that contain an alpha‐methylene‐gamma‐lactone moiety, are rare in Ferula spp. Ferula hindukushensis, an endemic species found in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran, belongs to the Ferula genus. In this study, the normal column chromatography technique was employed to fractionate the dichloromethane extract of F. hindukushensis. The structures of two guaianolide sesquiterpenes were identified using various nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, such as 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and were compared with the literature interpretation to confirm their structural characteristics. Moreover, the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to examine the cytotoxicity of guaianolide compounds on various cell lines, including MCF‐7, 3T3, HT‐29, MCF‐10, PC12, and A549. The antioxidant effects of these compounds were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The findings indicated that the antioxidant activity of the compounds was lower than that of vitamin C at the same concentration. The cytotoxic effects of the compounds varied depending on the cell types. Nevertheless, except for HT‐29, a concentration lower than 125 μg/mL was found to be non‐toxic for all cell lines.
Multifunctional Carbon Dots for Biomedical Applications: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Theranostic
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Fu Yu , Gu Zhanghao , Pan Hao , Zhou Panyu , Gan Qi , Yuan Yuan , Liu Changsheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDesigning suitable nanomaterials is an ideal strategy to enable early diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Carbon dots (CDs) are luminescent carbonaceous nanoparticles that have attracted considerable attention. Through facile synthesis, they process properties including tunable light emission, low toxicity, and light energy transformation, leading to diverse applications as optically functional materials in biomedical fields. Recently, their potentials have been further explored, such as enzyme‐like activity and ability to promote osteogenic differentiation. Through refined synthesizing strategies carbon dots, a rich treasure trove for new discoveries, stand a chance to guide significant development in biomedical applications. In this review, the authors start with a brief introduction to CDs. By presenting mechanisms and examples, the authors focus on how they can be used in diagnosing and treating diseases, including bioimaging failure of tissues and cells, biosensing various pathogenic factors and biomarkers, tissue defect repair, anti‐inflammation, antibacterial and antiviral, and novel oncology treatment. The introduction of the application of integrated diagnosis and treatment follows closely behind. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions of CDs are discussed. The authors hope this review will provide critical perspectives to inspire new discoveries on CDs and prompt their advances in biomedical applications.
Stress Mitigation of Nanosilicon Anode to Achieve Energy‐Dense and Highly‐Stable Full Cell
Authors: Cao Li , Zheng Min , Dong Guochen , Xu Jiejie , Xiao Rongshi , Huang Ting 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanosilicon (nano‐Si) anode is subjected to significant stress concentration, which is caused by extrusion deformation of expanded Si nanoparticles with uneven distribution. The low‐strength binder and adhesive interface are unable to withstand the stress, resulting in exfoliation and impeding the use of nano‐Si anodes. This work aims to mitigate stress in a Si anode with flexible copper (Cu) skeletons that are metallurgically bonded to uniformly distributed Si nanoparticles. It is worth noting that the proposed porous Si‐Cu anode exhibits improved high‐load cycling performance and promising potential in the full cell, with an energy density of 463 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 C and retention of 81% after 500 cycles at 2 C. Chemo‐mechanical simulation and in (ex) situ observation demonstrate that expansion stress is reduced and more evenly distributed in the anode due to uniform distribution of Si nanoparticles, flexible Cu skeletons, and adequate pores. More importantly, the stress is primarily distributed in the flexible Cu skeletons and bonding interface, preventing anode exfoliation, and ensuring efficient lithium ion/electron transference. This work sheds light on the structure construction of an alloy‐type anode.
Polyoxometalates as Potential Artificial Enzymes toward Biological Applications
Authors: Li Bole , Xu Xiaotong , Lv Yanfei , Wu Zhaohui , He Lei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArtificial enzymes, as alternatives to natural enzymes, have attracted enormous attention in the fields of catalysis, biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutics because of their high stability and low cost. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a class of inorganic metal oxides, have recently shown great potential in mimicking enzyme activity due to their well‐defined structure, tunable composition, high catalytic efficiency, and easy storage properties. This review focuses on the recent advances in POM‐based artificial enzymes. Different types of POMs and their derivatives‐based mimetic enzyme functions are covered, as well as the corresponding catalytic mechanisms (where available). An overview of the broad applications of representative POM‐based artificial enzymes from biosensing to theragnostic is provided. Insight into the current challenges and the future directions for POMs‐based artificial enzymes is discussed.
Strategies for Optimizing the Zn Anode/Electrolyte Interfaces Toward Stable Zn‐Based Batteries
Authors: Gao Jiechang , Xie Yawen , Zeng Pan , Zhang Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAqueous rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries (ARZIBs) have attracted extensive attention because of the advantages of high energy density, high safety, and low cost. However, the commercialization of ARZIBs is still challenging, mainly because of the low efficiency of Zn anodes. Several undesirable reactions (e.g., Zn dendrite and byproduct formation) always occur at the Zn anode/electrolyte interfaces, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency and rapid decay of ARZIBs. Motivated by the great interest in addressing these issues, various optimization strategies and related mechanisms have been proposed to stabilize the Zn anode‐electrolyte interfaces and enlengthen the cycling lifespan of ARZIBs. Therefore, considering the rapid development of this field, updating the optimization strategies in a timely manner and understanding their protection mechanisms are highly necessary. This review provides a brief overview of the Zn anode/electrolyte interfaces from the fundamentals and challenges of Zn anode chemistry to related optimization strategies and perspectives. Specifically, these strategies are systematically summarized and classified, while several representative works are presented to illustrate the effect and corresponding mechanism in detail. Finally, future challenges and research directions for the Zn anode/electrolyte interfaces are comprehensively clarified, providing guidelines for accurate evaluation of the interfaces and further fostering the development of ARZIBs.
Ultrasound features of an unusual intramural gastric haemorrhage secondary to rodenticide intoxication in a dog
Authors: Vallés Nuria , Echalecu Marina S. , Bernabe Alejandra , García Juan Diego , Agut Amalia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, neutered, female, mix‐breed dog was presented with a history of acute haemorrhagic vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia and lethargy. The patient had a hyperkinetic pulse, pale mucous membranes, bilateral hyphema and the capillary refill time was increased. Coagulation testing showed increased values. Abdominal ultrasound revealed diffuse thickening of the submucosal layer with hyperechoic peritoneum and enlargement of the gastric lymph node. The presumptive diagnosis was gastric wall haemorrhage secondary to rodenticide intoxication. The dog responded to treatment and was discharged after 48 hours. Fifteen days later, the thickness and layering of the stomach wall was normal. Gastric wall haemorrhage is a rare condition in dogs with rodenticide intoxication, which requires a biopsy for confirmation. However, the risk of haemorrhage does not make this feasible. In this case, the authors suspect that submucosal gastric thickening was secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication based on history, clinical examination, haematological analysis and coagulation testing.
Capital Budgeting
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we dive deeper into the capital budgeting process, which is the process of making a list of investment projects to be done. We make these investment decisions more tangible by presenting detailed calculation examples—including the calculation and forecasting of (incremental) cash flows and their drivers. Subsequently, we identify behavioural challenges in the capital budgeting process, such as the tendency to continue poor projects for too long, to underestimate risk, and to overestimate cash flows. Next, we integrate social and environmental factors in the capital budgeting process—integrated capital budgeting. The constrained, expanded, and integrated PVs (introduced in Chap. 6) are now shown with cash flow projections. It is shown that FV, SV, and EV can have shared, reinforcing, or conflicting underlying value drivers—and that the way and extent to which they are taken into account affect decisions.
Nested Sequents for Quantified Modal Logics
Authors: Lyon Tim S. , Orlandelli Eugenio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper studies nested sequents for quantified modal logics. In particular, it considers extensions of the propositional modal logics definable by the axiomsD,T,B,4, and5with varying, increasing, decreasing, and constant domains. Each calculus is proved to have good structural properties: weakening and contraction are height-preserving admissible and cut is (syntactically) admissible. Each calculus is shown to be equivalent to the corresponding axiomatic system and, thus, to be sound and complete. Finally, it is argued that the calculi are internal—i.e., each sequent has a formula interpretation—whenever the existence predicate is expressible in the language.
Foliated asymptotically safe gravity in the fluctuation approach
Authors: Saueressig Frank , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The gravitational asymptotic safety program envisions a high-energy completion of gravity based on a non-Gaussian renormalization group fixed point. A key step in this program is the transition from Euclidean to Lorentzian signature spacetimes. One way to address this challenge is to formulate the quantum theory based on the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner decomposition of the metric field. This equips the Euclidean spacetime with a preferred direction which may serve as the time-direction in the Lorentzian setting. In this work we use the Wetterich equation in order to compute the renormalization group flow of the graviton two-point function. The resulting beta functions possess a non-Gaussian renormalization group fixed point suitable for rendering the theory asymptotically safe. The phase diagram underlying the flow of the two-point function is governed by the interplay between this non-Gaussian fixed point, the Gaussian fixed point, and an infrared fixed point. The latter ensures that the renormalized squared graviton mass cannot take negative values. These results are in qualitative agreement with fluctuation computations carried out in the covariant setting. We take this as non-trivial evidence that the asymptotic safety mechanism remains intact when considering quantum gravity on spacetimes carrying a foliation structure. Technically, our work constitutes the first fluctuation computation carried out within the ADM-framework. Therefore, we also provide a detailed discussion of the conceptual framework, highlighting the elements which differ from fluctuation computations in the covariant setting.
QCD light-cone distribution amplitudes of heavy mesons from boosted HQET
Authors: Beneke Martin , Finauri Gael , Vos K. Keri , Wei Yanbing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) frequently arise in factorization theorems involving light and heavy mesons. The QCD LCDA for heavy mesons includes short-distance physics at energy scales of the heavy-quark mass. In this paper we achieve the separation of this perturbative scale from the purely hadronic effects by matching the QCD LCDA to the convolution of a perturbative function with the universal, quark-mass independent LCDA defined in heavy-quark effective theory. This factorization allows to resum potentially large logarithms between ΛQCD and mQ as well as between mQ and the scale Q of the hard process in the production of boosted heavy mesons at colliders. As an application we derive new theoretical predictions for the branching ratio of the decay W± → B±γ. Furthermore, we provide phenomenological models for the QCD LCDAs of both the $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

and D mesons expressed as expansions in Gegenbauer polynomials.
Charge instability of JMaRT geometries
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Di Benedetto Carlo , Di Russo Giorgio , Sudano Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We perform a detailed study of linear perturbations of the JMaRT family of non-BPS smooth horizonless solutions of type IIB supergravity beyond the near-decoupling limit. In addition to the unstable quasi normal modes (QNMs) responsible for the ergo-region instability, already studied in the literature, we find a new class of ‘charged’ unstable modes with positive imaginary part, that can be interpreted in terms of the emission of charged (scalar) quanta with non zero KK momentum. We use both matched asymptotic expansions and numerical integration methods. Moreover, we exploit the recently discovered correspondence between JMaRT perturbation theory, governed by a Reduced Confluent Heun Equation, and the quantum Seiberg-Witten (SW) curve of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYM theory with gauge group SU(2) and Nf = (0, 2) flavours.
Patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine YouTube videos in Arabic have higher view counts in the Middle East and North Africa than their English versions
Authors: Marín Fermín Theodorakys , Hantouly Ashraf T. , Al-Dolaymi Ayyoub A. , Olory Bruno C. R. , Hagert Elisabet , Papakostas Emmanouil T. , Zikria Bashir A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to assess the impact of the local language on the view count of patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in an Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in the Middle East and North Africa.

Methods
An observational study on English and Arabic versions of Aspetar’s YouTube channel patient-oriented educational video series was conducted in February 2023, comparing the view count and viewer characteristics. Included videos were posted either simultaneously or in English version first, in both languages, and shared on the same media platforms. Collected data of interest included video title, view count in each language, age and sex of the viewers, location, and traffic source.

Results
Eleven videos of the patient-oriented educational video series were included in the present study. Except for one, the view count was significantly higher in the Arabic version of all 11 videos (minimum sevenfold, P = 0.03). Viewers were predominantly males (73.9%) and between 18 and 44 years old (81.1%). Eleven out of 19 countries of the Middle East and North Africa region [11] were among the viewers’ top 20 countries. Traffic sources included YouTube search (45.9%), YouTube suggested videos (17%), external sources (14.4%), YouTube browse features (8.5%), and YouTube advertising (6%).

Conclusion
Patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in Arabic yield higher view counts than their English version in young adult viewers from 11 countries in the Middle East and Africa among the top 20. Content creation on languages with limited online representation could effectively reach the targeted population by breaking language barriers.