bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effectiveness of two manual toothbrushes: Conventional design versus double‐sided toothbrush design. A pilot study
Authors: Pérez‐González Fabián , Sáez‐Alcaide Luis‐Miguel , Sánchez‐Labrador Luis , Mateos‐Moreno María‐Victoria , Garcillán‐Izquierdo María‐Rosario , Salgado‐Peralvo Angel‐Orión 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesDental hygiene is the most effective method in the prevention of oral diseases. However, most patients do not use the recommended teeth brushing techniques and/or time brushing is insufficient. With this objective, modifications in conventional toothbrushes have been developed to deal with these findings. The aim of this study was to compare plaque removal effectiveness of a manual toothbrush with a modified head (MTMH) with a wrap‐around design versus a conventional manual toothbrush.MethodsThis pilot prospective clinical study was designed according to STROBE guidelines. The patients suspended oral hygiene habits for 24 h (baseline). Subsequently, the teeth were brushed for 60 s. Both toothbrushes followed the same study procedure, separated by 1 month. Plaque‐removing effectiveness was measured before and after tooth brushing using the modified O'Leary Plaque Index (PI).ResultsSeven patients were included in this pilot study. The mean age was 37.66 ± 10.68 years. PI mean differences between baseline and after brushing were 51.99% ± 16.43 for MTMH and 27.93 ± 6.85, for conventional toothbrush (p = 0.0013). After brushing, mean PI values were 18.36% ± 6.95%, and 37.61% ± 10.57% respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of plaque removal by using MTMH is significantly higher than the conventional manual toothbrush.
Application of ultrasound in wood chips on the accelerated aging of apple liqueur
Authors: Krüger Roselini Trapp , Alberti Aline , Los Paulo Ricardo , Schnitzler Egon , Nogueira Alessandro 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe practice of aging beverages, such as fruit liqueur, incorporates phenolic compounds from wood, contributing to sensorial enhancement with new aromas and flavours. The apple liqueurs were prepared with 100 g L−1 of sugar, 20°GL and the addition of oak chips (toasted or untoasted) was previously treated with ultrasound (bath or probe). The content of total and individual phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH and ABTS) and colour were evaluated. A Ranking Descriptive Analysis was performed to evaluate the characteristics of each apple liqueur. The apple liqueur that received chips pre‐treated with an ultrasonic probe presented 116.5% more phenolic compounds, on average 4.9 times more antioxidant activity, and greater variation in total colour ΔE 7.03 than the control apple liqueur. The pre‐treatment with an ultrasonic probe accelerated the extraction process in approximately 60 days. The untoasted chips contributed by adding 17.4% more total phenols than the toasted chips, due to the significant presence of gallic acid. The pre‐treatment on wood chips accelerated the aging of apple liqueurs, increased phenolics compounds. Sensorially, the woody descriptors (taste, aroma and residual) were more intensely perceived and with the best acceptance scores among the judges.
Evaluation of the Sysmex DI‐60 digital morphology analyzer on Wright‐stained samples with a focus on prevalence‐dependent quality indicators
Authors: Hollenstein Marlene , Tueni Andrea , Wiedermann Jasmin , Eisenbock Bettina , Thalhammer Renate , Haslacher Helmuth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the trueness of the DI‐60 Digital Cell Imaging Analyzer on Wright‐stained samples with a focus on prevalence‐dependent quality indicators for differential blood counts requested from non‐hematology wards.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety‐nine samples were included into this performance evaluation study at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna. The following aspects were verified: (a) the reliability of automatedly pre‐classified differential counts, (b) the concordance of DI‐60 counts with manual‐microscopic differential counts and (c) the agreement of DI‐60 and manual‐microscopic results regarding clinically relevant findings.Results82.3% of all leukocytes were correctly pre‐classified. Cell categories with a low prevalence (eosinophils, basophils, progenitors/precursors) in non‐hematological patients presented with a low positive predictive value (PPV), indicating a high frequency of false positives. Comparisons between visually adjusted results of the DI‐60 and manual‐microscopic differential counts revealed a good concordance for neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Besides the detection of precursors/progenitors and normoblasts, no relevant systemic errors were detected. However, due to their low prevalence and technical aspects, the detection of basophilia, monocytosis or the presence of precursors/progenitors showed comparably low accuracies (error rates of 7.4%–24.1%).ConclusionThe DI‐60 system works well for Wright‐stained samples collected in the non‐hematology ward. Due to the varying prevalence of cell categories found in peripheral blood, a low PPV can be expected with automatic assignment for those cells with low prevalence (e.g., basophils, eosinophils, precursor and progenitor cells, plasma cells). If the pre‐test probability of these conditions is increased, manual microscopic processing may be recommended.
Modifiable in‐hospital factors for 12‐month global cognition, post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and depression symptoms in adults hospitalized with COVID‐19
Authors: Han Jin H. , Jackson James C. , Orun Onur M. , Brown Samuel M. , Casey Jonathan D. , Clark Lindsay , Collins Sean P. , Cordero Kemberlyne , Ginde Adit A. , Gong Michelle N. , Hough Catherine L. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Kiehl Amy L. , Lauck Alana , Leither Lindsay M. , Lindsell Christopher J. , Patel Mayur B. , Raman Rameela , Rice Todd W. , Ringwood Nancy J. , Sheppard Karen L. , Semler Matthew W. , Thompson B. Taylor , Ely E. Wesley , Self Wesley H. ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PETAL Clinical Trials Network
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to identify potentially modifiable in‐hospital factors associated with global cognition, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and depression symptoms at 12 months.MethodsThis was a multi‐center prospective cohort study in adult hospitalized patients with acute COVID‐19. The following in‐hospital factors were assessed: delirium; frequency of in‐person and virtual visits by friends and family; and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroid, and remdesivir administration. Twelve‐month global cognition was characterized by the MOCA‐Blind. Twelve‐month PTSD and depression were characterized using the PTSD Checklist for the DSM‐V and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, respectively.FindingsTwo hundred three patients completed the 12‐month follow‐up assessments. Remdesivir use was associated with significantly higher cognition at 12 months based on the MOCA‐Blind (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.70). Delirium was associated with worsening 12‐month PTSD (aOR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.89, 6.28) and depression (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.84) symptoms. Multiple virtual visits per day during hospitalization was associated with lower 12‐month depression symptoms compared to those with less than daily virtual visits (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.85).ConclusionPotentially modifiable factors associated with better long‐term outcomes included remdesivir use (associated with better cognitive function), avoidance of delirium (associated with less PTSD and depression symptoms), and increased virtual interactions with friends and family (associated with less depression symptoms).
Microwave drying of bitter yam (Dioscorea bulbifera): An approach of MATLAB image processing to comprehend moisture diffusion process
Authors: Sahoo Monalisa , Titikshya Sushree , Aradwad Pramod , Kumar Madan , Kumar Vivek , Naik S. N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examined how microwave power loading (300–600 W) affected Dioscorea bulbifera (BY) slice drying, colorimetric values, moisture diffusion, textural, and rehydration properties. Drying time was reduced from 100 to 40 min with increased microwave power from 300 to 600 W. Drying rate and moisture diffusivity (4.948 × 10−9–1.262 × 10−8 m2/s) enhanced with microwave power and was observed falling rate drying. The initial and final moisture content of BY slices were 87% (w.b.) and 4.5% (w.b.), respectively. The activation energy for BY slices was 9.6 W/g. To illustrate the drying and color change behavior of BY, experimental data were fitted to 10 dryings and 4 color kinetics models. The Midilli–Kucuk model and the Fraction model were the best fitted for moisture and color parameters. The highest efficiency was 55.85% and the lowest specific energy consumption was 9.6 MJ/kg at 600 W microwave power. MATLAB microstructure characterization provided detailed pore analysis of microwave‐dried samples.Practical ApplicationsMicrowave‐dried yam can enhance storability, ease handling and transportation and protect against microbial activity, enzymatic browning and high‐water activity. Mathematical modeling of pretreated microwave‐dried yam is useful for industrial dryer design and large‐scale yam drying production. Additionally, yam flours have the potential for use in numerous applications, including noodles, extrudates, cookies, and bakery products. Further, yam flour may be a binder, thickener, and gelling agent.
Slags from roasting of antimony ore in the Brioude‐Massiac (France) area used as aggregates: An early example of circular economy
Authors: Thiery Vincent , Chedrewih Migueli , Rollinson Gavyn , Ramos Violeta , Andersen Jens 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTowards the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century, France was the world's largest producer of antimony, especially due to the rich deposits in the Brioude‐Massiac area. Even though all the mining and smelting activities are long gone, there are still some remains of those activities. The most original of those is the use of roasting slags as aggregates in former plant walls or industrial building. They are macroscopically characterised by a black or red colour with a vesicular aspect similar to natural pozzolanas. Common petrography and mineralogy tools have been used to characterise those slags: optical mineralogy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). To gain an insight into their mineral complexity, a QEMSCAN map has been produced. The mineralogy is typical of high‐temperature slags: cristobalite, quartz, mullite, fayalite‐forsterite series and spinel. The antimony content is quite high, up to seven percent, under the form of various antimony oxides and native antimony.
Exploring the competencies of Chinese critical care nurses in mobile medical teams based on the onion model: A qualitative study
Authors: Niu Aifang , Ma Huijuan , Chen Zhe , Zhang Suofei , Deng Jing , Luo Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith frequent conflicts, natural disasters, and public health emergencies globally, mobile medical teams (MMTs) are becoming increasingly critical. Importantly, the competency of critical care nurses in MMTs can substantially affect the effectiveness and quality of its rescue efforts. Yet, these nurses' competencies are not well understood.AimThis study examined the competencies of critical care nurses in MMTs using the Onion Model.Study DesignA qualitative descriptive method was used to describe the competencies of Chinese MMT critical care nurses. From April to May 2022, a convenience sample of 18 participants (14 critical care nurses and 4 surgeons) from 10 MMTs was recruited for semi‐structured interviews. Deductive and inductive coding methods were combined for content analysis.ResultsIn total, 29 competencies were identified, which were grouped into four major domains using the Onion Model. From the outer to inner layers, these domains were knowledge and skills, professional abilities, professional quality, and personal traits. Several novel competencies emerged, including field medical equipment operation skills, on‐site hazard identification and safety prevention skills, triage knowledge, and field survival skills.ConclusionsUsing the Onion Model, this study furthers the understanding of the competency of critical care nurses in MMTs, especially by revealing the novel competencies. Further, the results can be used to recruit, evaluate, and train critical care nurses for MMTs.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUnderstanding MMT critical care nurses' competencies can help managers plan and provide relevant training and education before deployment, which can improve nurses' performance, and especially reduce the mortalities and disabilities from trauma.
System dynamics simulation models on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Aguiar Anaely , Gebremariam Mekdes K. , Romanenko Eduard , Önal Furkan , Kopainsky Birgit , Savona Natalie , Brown Andrew , Allender Steven , Lien Nanna 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIt has increasingly been recognized that developing successful obesity prevention policies and interventions requires understanding of the complex mechanisms driving the obesity pandemic and that models could be useful tools for simulating policies. This paper reviews system dynamics simulation models of mechanisms driving childhood overweight and obesity and/or testing of preventive interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted in six databases from inception to January 2023 using terms related to overweight/obesity, children, and system dynamics. Study descriptives, mechanisms, and where to intervene (the leverage points), as well as quality assessments of the simulation models were extracted by two researchers into a predetermined template and narratively synthesized. Seventeen papers describing 15 models were included. Models describing the mechanisms ranged from only intrapersonal factors to models cutting across multiple levels of the ecological model, but mechanisms across levels were lacking. The majority of interventions tested in the simulation models were changes to existing model parameters with less emphasis on models that alter system structure. In conclusion, existing models included mechanisms driving youth obesity at multiple levels of the ecological model. This is useful for developing an integrated simulation model combining mechanisms at multiple levels and allowing for testing fundamental system changes.
Cognitive frailty and its association with depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic among older adults in the transforming cognitive frailty into later‐life self‐sufficiency (AGELESS) study
Authors: Aravindhan Kiirtaara , Morgan Karen , Mat Sumaiyah , Hamid Tengku Aizan , Ibrahim Rahimah , Saedon Nor Izzati , Hasmuk Kejal , Mahadzir Hazlina , Tan Maw Pin 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundCognitive frailty describes the co‐occurrence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty and is classified into reversible and irreversible phenotypes. Data on the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic imposed lockdowns, locally known as the Movement Control Order (MCO), on the psychological status of cognitively frail older adults remain scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and cognitive frailty among older adults during the MCO.MethodParticipants aged above 60 years from three ageing cohorts in Malaysia were interviewed virtually. The Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness and Loss of Weight scale, blind Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, anxiety subscale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and four‐item Perceived Stress Scale measured frailty, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), depression, anxiety and stress, respectively.ResultsCognitive frailty data were available for 870 participants, age (mean ± SD) = 73.44 ± 6.32 years and 55.6% were women. Fifty‐seven (6.6%) were robust, 24 (2.8%) had MCI, 451 (51.8%) were pre‐frail, 164 (18.9%) were pre‐frail+MCI, 119 (13.7%) were frail and 55 (6.3%) were frail+MCI. There were significant differences in depression and anxiety scores between the controlled MCO and recovery MCO. Using multinomial logistic regression, pre‐frail (mean difference (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.16 (0.932, 1.337), frail (1.49 (1.235, 1.803) and frail+MCI (1.49 (1.225, 1.822)) groups had significantly higher depression scores, frail (1.19 (1.030, 1.373)) and frail+MCI (1.24 (1.065, 1.439)) had significantly higher anxiety scores and pre‐frail (1.50 (1.285, 1.761)), frail (1.74 (1.469, 2.062)) and frail+MCI (1.81 (1.508, 2.165)) had significantly higher stress scores upon adjustments for the potential confounders. The MCO was a potential confounder in the relationship between depression and prefrail+MCI (1.08 (0.898, 1.340)).ConclusionFrail individuals with or without MCI had significantly higher depression, anxiety and stress than those who were robust. Increased depression and stress were also observed in the pre‐frail group. Interventions to address psychological issues in older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic could target prefrail and frail individuals and need further evaluation.
The OsTIL1 lipocalin protects cell membranes from reactive oxygen species damage and maintains the 18:3‐containing glycerolipid biosynthesis under cold stress in rice
Authors: Ji Lingxiao , Zhang Zhengfeng , Liu Shuang , Zhao Liyan , Li Qiang , Xiao Benze , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Burks David J. , Azad Rajeev K. , Xie Guosheng 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYLipocalins constitute a conserved protein family that binds to and transports a variety of lipids while fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are required for maintaining the cell membrane fluidity under cold stress. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether plant lipocalins promote FADs for the cell membrane integrity under cold stress. Here, we identified the role of OsTIL1 lipocalin in FADs‐mediated glycerolipid remodeling under cold stress. Overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene edition experiments demonstrated that OsTIL1 positively regulated cold stress tolerance by protecting the cell membrane integrity from reactive oxygen species damage and enhancing the activities of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, which was confirmed by combined cold stress with a membrane rigidifier dimethyl sulfoxide or a H2O2 scavenger dimethyl thiourea. OsTIL1 overexpression induced higher 18:3 content, and higher 18:3/18:2 and (18:2 + 18:3)/18:1 ratios than the wild type under cold stress whereas the gene edition mutant showed the opposite. Furthermore, the lipidomic analysis showed that OsTIL1 overexpression led to higher contents of 18:3‐mediated glycerolipids, including galactolipids (monoglactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol) and phospholipids (phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol) under cold stress. RNA‐seq and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay analyses indicated that OsTIL1 overexpression enhanced the transcription and enzyme abundance of four ω‐3 FADs (OsFAD3‐1/3‐2, 7, and 8) under cold stress. These results reveal an important role of OsTIL1 in maintaining the cell membrane integrity from oxidative damage under cold stress, providing a good candidate gene for improving cold tolerance in rice.
Threshold for the expected measure of the convex hull of random points with independent coordinates
Authors: Pafis Minas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet be an even Borel probability measure on . For every , consider independent random vectors in , with independent coordinates having distribution . We establish a sharp threshold for the product measure of the random polytope in under the assumption that the Legendre transform of the logarithmic moment generating function of satisfies the condition
where . An application is a sharp threshold for the case of the product measure , with density , where is the ‐norm and .
On the length of D(±1)$D(\pm 1)$‐tuples in imaginary quadratic rings
Authors: Cipu Mihai , Fujita Yasutsugu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet be an imaginary quadratic field and its ring of integers. Fix a rational integer . A set is called a ‐‐tuple in if , where for all such that . Here, we prove the non‐existence of ‐‐tuples in for and .
Experimental Validation of a Seal Flutter Model
Authors: Corral Roque , Greco Michele 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the predictions of an analytical model for seal flutter have been compared with the experimental data of a rotating multi-cavity labyrinth seal test rig. The experiments were conducted to assess the flutter inception in a large set of operating conditions by varying the rotational speed and the total pressure ratio across the seal. The analytical model derived by Corral et al. (2022, “Effective Clearance and Differential Gapping Impact on Seal Flutter Modelling and Validation,” ASME J. Turbomach., 144 (7), p. 071010) has been previously validated by using a frequency domain linearized Navier–Stokes solver retaining the effect of the effective gaps and the kinetic energy carried over to the downstream fin. A set of 3D steady RANS simulations has been carried out to reduce the uncertainty in the steady characteristics of the seal that are used to inform the flutter model. The simulations consider the static deformation due to the pressure and the centrifugal force through a set of numerical models with geometrical gap differences. The stability has been investigated in a large range of operating conditions. It is concluded that the analytical model can be used to quickly predict the modes susceptible to flutter, provided that the steady flow field and the effective running clearances of the seal are well predicted.
Experimental Investigation of Orientation Effects on Pseudocritical Transition Dynamics in Heated Microchannel With Side-View Schlieren Imaging
Authors: Whitaker Trevor A. , Rao Sameer R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The heat transfer characteristics of carbon dioxide flow in microchannels in close vicinity of the critical point have drawn the interest of researchers in recent years as a promising approach to achieve high heat flux (500 W cm−2) thermal management. Enhancements to the supercritical convective heat transfer coefficients are observed to accompany the pseudocritical transition due to the significant thermophysical property variations around the critical point. In addition, CO2 is a dielectric fluid with a low global warming potential (GWP), further increasing the appeal for thermal management applications. Supercritical fluid convection heat transfer in microchannel configurations relevant to thermal management requires further study. Specifically, there is a limited understanding of how density gradients induced by the pseudocritical transition influence the heat transfer in microscale flows and what role orientation with respect to gravity plays. The present study developed a microchannel (Dh = 500 μm) test article to allow heat transfer measurements and side-view schlieren imaging of carbon dioxide. High-speed visualization of density gradients from schlieren imaging and heat transfer characteristics for non-uniform boundary heating to a single channel wall will be discussed as a function of orientation. Schlieren images reveal the development of a region influenced by pseudocritical transition near the heated wall that grows with increased heat flux or decreased mass flux. The observed density fluctuations that comprise this region are strong functions of experimental conditions and may aid in generating a predictive capability for supercritical heat transfer. The insights derived from this study are ultimately aimed at developing a mechanistic understanding of near-critical flows in microchannels and are crucial to assessing the potential for applications of electronic thermal management.