bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Widespread Glycosidase Confers Lobophorin Resistance and Host‐Dependent Structural Diversity
Authors: Tan Bin , Zhang Liping , Zhang Qingbo , Chen Siqiang , Xiong Weiliang , Zhu Yiguang , Zhang Changsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIdentifying new environmental resistance determinants is significant to combat rising antibiotic resistance. Herein we report the unexpected correlation of a lobophorin (LOB) resistance‐related glycosidase KijX with the host‐dependent chemical diversity of LOBs, by a process of glycosylation, deglycosylation and reglycosylation. KijX homologues are widespread among bacteria, archaea and fungi, and encode the same glycohydrolytic activity on LOBs. The crystal structure of AcvX (a KijX homologue) shows a similar fold to that of the glycoside hydrolase family 113 and a special negatively charged groove to accommodate and deglycosylate LOBs. Antagonistic assays indicate kijX as a defense weapon of actinomycetes to combat LOB producers in environment, reflecting an elegant coevolution relationship. Our study provides insight into the KijX‐related glycosidases as preexisting resistance determinants and represents an example of resistance genes accidentally integrated into natural product assembly.
Enzyme‐Triggered Chemodynamic Therapy via a Peptide‐H2S Donor Conjugate with Complexed Fe2+
Authors: Zhu Yumeng , Archer William R. , Morales Katlyn F. , Schulz Michael D. , Wang Yin , Matson John B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInducing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside tumor cells is a cancer therapy method termed chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Relying on delivery of Fenton reaction promoters such as Fe2+, CDT takes advantage of overproduced ROS in the tumor microenvironment. We developed a peptide‐H2S donor conjugate, complexed with Fe2+, termed AAN‐PTC–Fe2+. The AAN tripeptide was specifically cleaved by legumain, an enzyme overexpressed in glioma cells, to release carbonyl sulfide (COS). Hydrolysis of COS by carbonic anhydrase formed H2S, an inhibitor of catalase, an enzyme that detoxifies H2O2. Fe2+ and H2S together increased intracellular ROS levels and decreased viability in C6 glioma cells compared with controls lacking either Fe2+, the AAN sequence, or the ability to generate H2S. AAN‐PTC–Fe2+ performed better than temezolimide while exhibiting no cytotoxicity toward H9C2 cardiomyocytes. This study provides an H2S‐amplified, enzyme‐responsive platform for synergistic cancer treatment.
Adaptive neural network fixed‐time control of p$$ p $$‐normal systems with asymmetric output constraints
Authors: Meng Yanting , Liu Yang , Wang Lijie , Xue Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of fixed‐time
control for a class of nonlinear
‐normal systems with asymmetric output constraints and external disturbances. Compared with the existing fixed‐time control schemes, the smooth switching functions are designed to avoid the singularity problem. Then, a time‐varying nonlinear transformation function (NTF) is introduced, blue and a unified tool to deal with the symmetric, asymmetric, and even unconstrained problems simultaneously. Moreover, by adding blue one power integration technology, the
controller is designed, which can inhibit the influence of external disturbances on the system. According to Lyapunov stability analysis, the presented fixed‐time
blue control method ensures that all signals are bounded in a fixed time. In the end, two simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Methods for analyzing infant heart rate variability: A preliminary study
Authors: Claiborne Alex , Williams Alexandra , Jolly Colby , Isler Christy , Newton Edward , May Linda , George Stephanie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) reflect autonomic development in infants. To better understand the autonomic response in infants, reliable HRV recordings are vital, yet no protocol exists. The purpose of this paper is to present reliability of a common procedure for analysis from two different file types. In the procedure, continuous electrocardiograph recordings of 5–10 min are obtained at rest in infants at 1 month of age by using a Hexoskin Shirt‐Junior's (Carre Technologies Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada). Electrocardiograph (ECG; .wav) and R–R interval (RRi; .csv) files are extracted. The RRi of the ECG signal is generated by VivoSense (Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies, Independence, OH). Two MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA) scripts converted files for analysis with Kubios HRV Premium (Kubios Oy, Kuopio, Finland). A comparison was made between RRi and ECG files for HR and HRV parameters, and then tested with t tests and correlations via SPSS. There are significant differences in root mean squared successive differences between recording types, with only HR and low‐frequency measures significantly correlated together. Recording with Hexoskin and analysis with MATLAB and Kubios enable infant HRV analysis. Differences in outcomes exist between procedures, and standard methodology for infant HR analysis is needed.
Towards a mechanism for expert policy advice in education
Authors: Skerritt Craig 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that existing arrangements for policy making in education are far from optimal. This paper is about policy making and the roles of—and relationships between—elected officials, civil servants and academics in the making of policy. It aims to open up a conversation about new ways of making education policy that make better use of academic expertise by shedding light on policy making from the perspective of a former policy broker. With specific reference to England, experiences of the world of policy are drawn on to provide an account of the following: the disconnect between academic research and policy; what good policy advice looks like; and, most significantly, what an expert policy advice mechanism in education could look like. The mechanism put forward is one possibility for further discussion within the academic community in the first instance: an independent group of diverse academic experts to provide trustworthy and transparent policy advice to the education ministry. It is envisaged that by bringing a set of insights together here, understandings of the world of policy making will be enhanced and further thinking and conversations about mechanisms for expert policy advice in education will be induced, starting with this flagship journal's readership. The subsequent accumulation of these discussions may then, in time, lead us towards better policy making.
Green micellar spectrofluorimetric determination of α‐mangostin found in herbal products as antioxidant and other biological activities beneficial to human health
Authors: Salem Hesham , Mazen Dina Z. , Emad Nadeen , Hassan Hossam , Omran Bahaa , Abdelmajed Mahmoud A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPharmaceutical product quality control (QC) needs quick, sensitive and economical procedures to deliver high throughput at low cost, which is the key factor considered by such economic facilities. To lessen the risky effects of research laboratories, researchers must take into account the ecological impacts. α‐Mangostin (MAG) exhibit anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anti‐allergic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antimalarial activities. Based on the spectrofluorimetric approach, a novel straightforward, sensitive and environmentally friendly method for MAG determination was developed and validated. Many variables were investigated to improve MAG native fluorescence, including solvent type, buffers, pH and additional surfactants. The best MAG fluorescence sensitivity was found in Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 4) at 450 nm after irradiation at 350 nm in the concentration range of 5–50 ng ml−1. The technique was successfully used to determine the presence of MAG in both its approved dose forms and in samples of spiked human plasma, as per FDA standards for validation. According to their evaluation on two recent greenness criteria (GAPI [Green Analytical Procedure Index] and AGREE [Analytical GREEnness]), the suggested approach has been shown to be environmentally beneficial because it normally uses biodegradable chemicals in solvent‐free aqueous phases.
Using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to track cerebral alterations in multiple sclerosis brain: A longitudinal study
Authors: Vandeleene Nora , Guillemin Camille , Dauby Solène , Requier Florence , Charonitis Maëlle , Chylinski Daphne , Balteau Evelyne , Maquet Pierre , Lommers Emilie , Phillips Christophe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionQuantitative MRI quantifies tissue microstructural properties and supports the characterization of cerebral tissue damages. With an MPM protocol, 4 parameter maps are constructed: MTsat, PD, R1 and R2*, reflecting tissue physical properties associated with iron and myelin contents. Thus, qMRI is a good candidate for in vivo monitoring of cerebral damage and repair mechanisms related to MS. Here, we used qMRI to investigate the longitudinal microstructural changes in MS brain.MethodsSeventeen MS patients (age 25–65, 11 RRMS) were scanned on a 3T MRI, in two sessions separated with a median of 30 months, and the parameters evolution was evaluated within several tissue classes: NAWM, NACGM and NADGM, as well as focal WM lesions. An individual annual rate of change for each qMRI parameter was computed, and its correlation to clinical status was evaluated. For WM plaques, three areas were defined, and a GLMM tested the effect of area, time points, and their interaction on each median qMRI parameter value.ResultsPatients with a better clinical evolution, that is, clinically stable or improving state, showed positive annual rate of change in MTsat and R2* within NAWM and NACGM, suggesting repair mechanisms in terms of increased myelin content and/or axonal density as well as edema/inflammation resorption. When examining WM lesions, qMRI parameters within surrounding NAWM showed microstructural modifications, even before any focal lesion is visible on conventional FLAIR MRI.ConclusionThe results illustrate the benefit of multiple qMRI data in monitoring subtle changes within normal appearing brain tissues and plaque dynamics in relation with tissue repair or disease progression.
Relations between peer influence, perceived costs versus benefits, and sexual offending among adolescents aware of sex offender registration risk
Authors: Najdowski Cynthia J. , Cleary Hayley M. D. , Oja Paige M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA policy's general deterrent effect requires would‐be offenders to be aware of the policy, yet many adolescents do not know they could be registered as sex offenders, and even adolescents who do know may still commit registerable sexual offenses. We tested whether peer influences shape the perceived costs/benefits of certain sexual offenses and, subsequently, registration policy's general deterrent potential in a sample of policy‐aware adolescents. The more adolescents believed their peers approve of sexting of nude images, the more likely they were to have sexted. For forcible touching, having more positive peer expectations about sex and perceiving forcible touching as more prevalent among peers related to adolescents' likelihood of engaging in that behavior. Perceiving registration as a possible consequence was unrelated to sexual offending. Findings highlight the nuanced roles peers play in adolescent sexual decision‐making and support emerging evidence that juvenile registration policy has limited general deterrent efficacy.
USP33 enhances cell survival and stemness by deubiquitinating CTNNB1 in BXPC‐3 and SW1990 cells
Authors: Zhong Bo , Zhu Qiaozhen , Wang Linpei , Wang Fuyu , Zheng Yongbin , Lin Shujun , Cheng Xinsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUbiquitin‐specific protease 33 (USP33) has been implicated in various cancers, but its biological function and mechanism of action remain unknown in pancreatic cancer (PCa) as a deubiquitinating enzyme. Herein, we report that USP33 silencing inhibits PCa cell survival and self‐renewal. USPs highly expressed in spherical PCa cells were screened by comparing the levels of ubiquitin‐specific proteases in spherical PCa cells and adherent PCa cells. After silencing USP, the effect of USP on the proliferation of PCa cells was detected by CCK‐8 and colony formation assay, and the effect of USP on cell stemness was detected by tumor sphere formation assay, flow analysis, and western blot analysis. The interaction of USP with CTNNB1 and the effect of USP on the ubiquitination of CTNNB1 were verified by coimmunoprecipitation assay. After replenishing CTNNB1, cell proliferation and cell stemness were examined. USP33 is upregulated in spheric BXPC‐3, PCNA‐1, and SW1990, compared with adherent BXPC‐3, PCNA‐1, and SW1990. USP33 interacts with CTNNB1, and stabilizes CTNNB1 by suppressing its degradation. Furthermore, cell proliferation, colony‐forming, and self‐renewal abilities of PCa cells in vitro, and the expression of stem cell markers EpCAM and CD44, C‐myc, Nanog, and SOX2, were suppressed when USP33 was knocked down, which was reversed when CTNNB1 was ectopically expressed in PCa cells. Thus, USP33 promotes PCa cell proliferation and self‐renewal by inhibiting the degradation of CTNNB1. USP33 inhibition may be a new treatment option for PCa patients.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Rhenanaphthalene Isomer
Authors: Cheng Xu , Wang Ping , Zheng Shaohui , Cao Qiang , Hua Yuhui , He Guomei , Chen Jiangxi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExploration of organometallic metallacycles has led to the development of various polycyclic compounds with fascinating structures, which could be used as functional materials. In this work, a new rhenanaphthalene isomer was isolated from the reaction of ReH5(PMe2Ph)3 with o‐ethynylphenyl alkyne in the presence of excess HCl. Its structure was then identified using the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. DFT studies suggest that its formation involves two protonation reactions and two migration reactions. This new rhenanaphthalene isomer enriches the family of metallacycles.
Back Cover Image
Authors: Dabbiru Venkata A. S. , Manu Emmanuel , Biedenweg Doreen , Nestler Peter , Pires Ricardo H. , Otto Oliver 
Published: April 2023

ON THE BACK COVER: Effect of surface interactions on F‐Actin levels and cell morphology. Confocal microscopy images of tethered HEK293T cells labeled for F‐Actin and the nucleus. The cover image is based on the Research Article “Cell‐surface contacts determine volume and mechanical properties of human embryonic kidney 293 T cells” by Dabbiru, V. A. S., Manu, E., Biedenweg, D., Nestler, P., Pires, R. H., & Otto, O., https://doi.org/10.1002/cm.21735image
A differential privacy trajectory data storage and publishing scheme based on radix tree
Authors: Tian Junfeng , Zhu Qi 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWith the rapid development of information technology, location‐based services (LBSs) are becoming more and more popular, and at the same time, the users' privacy issues are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, this article proposes a differential private trajectory data storage and publishing scheme based on radix tree (TPRT). Firstly, the original trajectory is preprocessed by considering semantic information and simplified by dividing the stay area to reduce the risk of privacy leakage. Then, differential privacy technology is used to add Laplace noise to sensitive locations to achieve generalization. Finally, a radix tree structure satisfying differential privacy is defined, which alleviates the problem of large space consumption caused by tree height. To protect privacy, Laplace noise is added to the sensitive counts of the radix tree and limited by the Markov chain and privacy degree. Compared with several existing methods, our method has better performance and higher data availability.
Aggregation‐Induced Structural Symmetry Breaking Promotes Charge Separation for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: He Tian , Zhang Ya , Zhang Hongxia , Zhao Jianghong , Shi Hu , Yang Hengquan , Yang Pengju 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently, organic semiconductors have received much attention in the field of photocatalysis due to their tunable physicochemical properties. However, organic semiconductor photocatalysts typically suffer from severe charge recombination due to high exciton binding energy. Herein, we found that aggregation of pyrene results in a red‐shift of the light absorption from UV to visible light region. Importantly, the aggregation can induce dipole polarization by spontaneous structural symmetry breaking, thus significantly accelerating the separation and transfer of charge carriers. As a result, the pyrene aggregates display enhanced hydrogen photosynthesis activity. Furthermore, the noncovalent interactions allow rational design of physicochemical and electronic properties of pyrene aggregates, further strengthening the charge separation and photocatalytic activity of aggregates. The quantum yield of pyrene aggregates for hydrogen production highly reaches 20.77 % at 400 nm. Moreover, we have also observed pyrene analogues (1‐hydroxypyrene, 1‐nitropyrene and perylene) after aggregation all display large dipole moments induced by structural symmetry breaking and therefore accelerate the separation of charge carriers, confirming its general principle. This work highlights the achievement of using aggregation‐induced structural symmetry breaking to enable the separation and transfer of charge carriers.
Revisiting the historical scenario of a disease dissemination using genetic data and Approximate Bayesian Computation methodology: The case of Pseudocercospora fijiensis invasion in Africa
Authors: Gilabert A. , Rieux A. , Robert S. , Vitalis R. , Zapater M.‐F. , Abadie C. , Carlier J. , Ravigné V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe reconstruction of geographic and demographic scenarios of dissemination for invasive pathogens of crops is a key step toward improving the management of emerging infectious diseases. Nowadays, the reconstruction of biological invasions typically uses the information of both genetic and historical information to test for different hypotheses of colonization. The Approximate Bayesian Computation framework and its recent Random Forest development (ABC‐RF) have been successfully used in evolutionary biology to decipher multiple histories of biological invasions. Yet, for some organisms, typically plant pathogens, historical data may not be reliable notably because of the difficulty to identify the organism and the delay between the introduction and the first mention. We investigated the history of the invasion of Africa by the fungal pathogen of banana Pseudocercospora fijiensis, by testing the historical hypothesis against other plausible hypotheses. We analyzed the genetic structure of eight populations from six eastern and western African countries, using 20 microsatellite markers and tested competing scenarios of population foundation using the ABC‐RF methodology. We do find evidence for an invasion front consistent with the historical hypothesis, but also for the existence of another front never mentioned in historical records. We question the historical introduction point of the disease on the continent. Crucially, our results illustrate that even if ABC‐RF inferences may sometimes fail to infer a single, well‐supported scenario of invasion, they can be helpful in rejecting unlikely scenarios, which can prove much useful to shed light on disease dissemination routes.
Legacy effects in temporally separated tadpole species are not mediated by invasive Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
Authors: Smith Geoffrey R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTemporally separated species are often thought to have limited competition over a shared resource. However, early arriving species may consume a limited resource such that later‐arriving species have access to fewer resources and thus experience competitive effects, even if they are temporally separated (i.e., they experience legacy effects from the early species). The presence of a predator might affect potential legacy effects by influencing the behavior or survivorship of the early species. Using a mesocosm experiment, I examined whether the presence of nonnative Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) mediated legacy effects in the interaction of two temporally separated species of tadpoles, early arriving American Toads (Anaxyrus americanus) and late‐arriving Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Anaxyrus americanus tadpoles reduced R. catesbeiana tadpole growth despite all A. americanus tadpoles metamorphosing 8 days before the introduction of R. catesbeiana tadpoles into the mesocosms (i.e., legacy effects). Gambusia affinis had limited effects on A. americanus (1 day delay in metamorphosis but no effect on survivorship or size at metamorphosis) and positive effects on R. catesbeiana (increased growth). There were no significant interactions between the A. americanus tadpole density and G. affinis treatments. In conclusion, I found evidence of significant legacy effects of A. americanus tadpoles on R. catesbeiana tadpoles, but no evidence that G. affinis mediated the legacy effects.
Free‐ranging livestock affected the spatiotemporal behavior of the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia)
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Shi Xiaogang , He Xingcheng , Li Dongrui , Hu Qiang , Zhang Yanni , Ran Jianghong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLong recognized as a threat to wildlife, particularly for large carnivores, livestock grazing in protected areas can potentially undermine conservation objectives. The interspecific interactions among livestock, snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and their wild prey in fragile Asian highland ecosystems have been a subject of debate. We strategically deployed 164 camera traps in the Wolong National Nature Reserve to systematically investigate the activities of snow leopards, their primary wild ungulate prey species, and free‐ranging livestock. We found that snow leopard habitat use was influenced by both wild prey and livestock. Blue sheep served as the main wild prey that spatially attracted snow leopards and coexisted with yaks while free‐ranging yaks significantly restricted snow leopard habitat use both temporally and spatially. This study challenges the conventional understanding that livestock indirectly impacts large carnivores by competing with and displacing wild prey. Our findings highlight that free‐ranging yaks within the alpine canyon terrain could directly limit snow leopard habitat use, suggesting a potential risk of grazing in reducing apex predator distribution and jeopardizing their populations. Consequently, managing their coexistence in shared habitats requires a more nuanced approach. Furthermore, our research underscores the importance of further research efforts aimed at enhancing our comprehension of the complex interplay within animal communities and ecosystems. This knowledge will contribute to the development of informed, evidence‐based conservation strategies and policies.