bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of high‐strength (Ta,W)C solid‐solutions by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Demirskyi Dmytro , Yoshimi Kyosuke , Suzuki Tohru S. , Vasylkiv Oleg O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract(Ta,W)C bulks were prepared by spark plasma sintering. Densification kinetics and solid‐solution formation kinetics were performed on the powder mixtures using TaC and W powders. The as‐received tungsten powder had a spherical shape and rather coarse size. By using the crushed and as‐received powder, it can be suggested that sintering at 2000°C limits the reaction volume to 3–6 μm and hence allows forming a complete solid‐solution using finer powders. The lattice parameter, hardness, toughness, and strength were investigated as a function of the TaC content. The flexural strength of the (Ta,W)C ceramic bulks was investigated up to 2000°C and it was found that the maximum strength was for the 60 mol.% TaC composition. Strength as a function of the temperature tended to increase up to 1200°C followed by a gradual decrease to 2000°C. When the TaC was reinformed by coarse W spheres, the flexural strength monotonically decreased from 570 MPa at room temperature to 220 MPa at 2000°C.
Antigen‐specific and cross‐reactive T cells in protection and disease
Authors: Jiang Ning , Malone Michael , Chizari Shahab 
Published: May 2023

SummaryHuman T cells have a diverse T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire that endows them with the ability to identify and defend against a broad spectrum of antigens. The universe of possible antigens that T cells may encounter, however, is even larger. To effectively surveil such a vast universe, the T‐cell repertoire must adopt a high degree of cross‐reactivity. Likewise, antigen‐specific and cross‐reactive T‐cell responses play pivotal roles in both protective and pathological immune responses in numerous diseases. In this review, we explore the implications of these antigen‐driven T‐cell responses, with a particular focus on CD8+ T cells, using infection, neurodegeneration, and cancer as examples. We also summarize recent technological advances that facilitate high‐throughput profiling of antigen‐specific and cross‐reactive T‐cell responses experimentally, as well as computational biology approaches that predict these interactions.
Exploring the dilemmas and their influence on teacher identity development during practicum: Implications for initial teacher education
Authors: Nawab Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTeaching practicum carries high significance in the initial teacher education because of its enhanced potential to provide the Student Teachers (STs) with the opportunities to put theories into practice and thus to learn the art of teaching under supervision. As revealed in educational literature, STs face a variety of dilemmas during their teaching practicum that influence their professional identity in either positive or negative ways. However, what dilemmas STs face during their teaching practicum and how those dilemmas influence their professional identity has received little attention from academics so far. This research aimed to address the said gap. Two groups of STs enrolled for Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) in a higher education institute in Pakistan and currently doing their teaching practicum were taken as research participants. Data were generated through focused group discussions. The emerging data were analysed thematically. Results showed that, during their practicum, STs undergo a variety of dilemmas created by the learners’ characteristics, limited interaction with students and reduced support mechanism. Most of the dilemmas emerge mainly because the STs have not been properly prepared considering the dilemmas they face at the classroom level. The emerging dilemmas predominantly and adversely affect the professional identity of the STs making them question their decision of opting for the profession of teaching. The implications of the insights emerging from this research are highlighted for initial teacher education institutes, teacher educators and cooperating schools.
Phase relations of the MgO–SiO2–CrOx system at 1600°C in air and reducing atmospheres
Authors: Chen Min , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Taskinen Pekka , Tiljander Mia , Lindberg Daniel , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe equilibrium phase relations of the MgO–SiO2–CrOx system were investigated at 1600°C in air and at pO2 of 10–10 to 10–11 atm using a high‐temperature isothermal equilibration technique followed by rapid quenching and direct phase composition analyses with electron probe X‐ray microanalysis. Two‐phase equilibria (liquid–cristobalite, liquid–spinel, liquid–corundum, and liquid–olivine) and three‐phase equilibria (liquid–cristobalite–spinel, liquid–olivine–spinel, liquid–spinel–corundum, and cristobalite–spinel–corundum) were observed. The 1600°C isothermal sections at various oxygen partial pressures were constructed for the MgO–SiO2–CrOx system based on the experimentally determined liquid and solid compositions. Data from the literature and the predictions by FactSage and MTDATA software were compared with the present experimental results.
Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of temperature stable (CoxZn1–x)TiNb2O8 ceramics
Authors: Jiang Jia‐Pei , Zhou Di , Wang Wei , Wang Chang‐Hao , Shi Zhong‐Qi , Liu Wen‐Feng , Zhou Tao , Chen Ya‐Wei , Liang Qi‐Xin , Zhang Mei‐Rong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract(CoxZn1–x)TiNb2O8 (x = 0.2–0.8) microwave dielectric ceramics were synthesized via the conventional solid‐state reaction route, and the correlation of microwave dielectric properties on the crystal structure was discussed. Crystal structures of ceramic samples were systematically investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction. Moreover, composition‐induced phase transitions were confirmed via the following sequence: for x ≤ 0.2, single‐phase orthorhombic ixiolite (ZnTiNb2O8) was formed, whereas for 0.3 ≤ x<0.8, ixiolite and rutile coexisted. When x ≥ 0.8, only single‐phase rutile was detected. For the (CoxZn1–x)TiNb2O8 ceramics, the microwave dielectric properties were changed with the crystal structural transitions: the dielectric constant (εr) and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) increased upon increasing the Co2+, but the quality factor (Q) decreased. A near‐zero τf = +1.6 ppm/°C was obtained in the Co0.38Zn0.62TiNb2O8 ceramics with εr = 40.7 and high Q × f = 16 790 GHz. These research outcomes are expected to have great significance for developing microwave dielectric ceramics in practical applications.
Nurses' motivations to leave the nursing profession: A qualitative meta‐aggregation
Authors: Bahlman‐van Ooijen Wilmieke , Malfait Simon , Huisman‐de Waal Getty , Hafsteinsdóttir Thóra B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo systematically provide an overview of the qualitative evidence available on the motivations for nurses to leave the nursing profession.DesignA qualitative systematic review using the meta‐aggregation design of the Joanna Briggs Institute.Data SourcesQualitative studies in English, dating from 2010 until January 2023, were obtained from CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed.Review MethodsStudies were selected using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The assessment of confidence in the review findings was done according to the ConQual approach.ResultsNine papers that investigated nurses' motivations to leave the profession were included. We developed four synthesized findings from 11 synthesized categories and 31 categories to reflect nurses' motivations to leave the profession, including (1) challenging work environment, (2) emotional distress, (3) disappointment about nursing reality, and (4) culture of hierarchy and discrimination.ConclusionThis review provides an in‐depth and meaningful understanding of motivations for nurses to leave the profession. Among others, poor working conditions, a lack of opportunities for career development, a lack of support from managers, work‐related stress, a discrepancy between nursing education and practice and bullying behaviour were motivations to leave the profession, which calls for targeted action to retain nurses in the profession.ImpactFindings of this study shine a light on reasons why nurses leave the profession, providing evidence to support nurse managers and policymakers to develop retention strategies to move out of current crisis into recovery of sustainable global healthcare.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no direct patient or caregiver contribution to this study because this study originated from the process of a Master study. However, two of the authors are still involved in clinical nursing practice and provided the necessary link between research and practice.
Measuring person‐centred pain management: Development of a questionnaire using the fundamentals of care framework
Authors: Avallin Therese , Jangland Eva , Kitson Alison , Muntlin Åsa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo develop and test a questionnaire using the Fundamentals of Care framework to measure person‐centred pain management.DesignCross‐sectional exploratory descriptive design.MethodsDevelopment in three phases: (a) literature search for questionnaires measuring person‐centred pain management, (b) seven‐step process developing items using thematic analysis, (c) initial feasibility and validity testing. Theoretical and empirical evidence was used, including the ‘Strategic and Clinical Quality Indicators in Postoperative Pain management’ questionnaire, the Fundamentals of Care framework and person‐centredness principles. Theoretical experts (n = 2) reviewed the questionnaire, further evaluated by providers (n = 5) and patients (n = 5) using a think‐aloud process, and by additional questions in the questionnaire answered by n = 100 patients. The questionnaire was tested February to March 2021, at four surgical wards in a university hospital.ResultsThe evaluation showed initial support for feasibility and validity, and the questionnaire was found to represent and be sensitive to capture the patients' experiences of person‐centred pain management and being easy to answer. The 100 patients with acute abdominal pain who answered the questionnaire (aged 18–89 years, 46 women and 54 men), identified missing elements of fundamental care in their pain management, indicating that the questionnaire is sensitive to capture specific areas for improvement.ConclusionThis first attempt at transforming the essential components of person‐centred pain management into measurable items in a questionnaire was found promising. The questionnaire is suggested to be further tested for psychometric properties and patient benefit to provide clinical guidance in acute surgical care to meet the patient care need of pain management.Implications for the profession and/or patient careThe developed questionnaire addresses the need of nurses and nursing leaders to evaluate the delivery of person‐centred pain management in acute surgical care, to relieve the patient from pain.Patient or public contributionPatients and providers were involved in testing the questionnaire.
Does the cultural awareness of nurses affect brain drain and xenophobia?
Authors: Çetin Yasin , Savaş Mümin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTurkey is on the transit route of immigrants as it is located between countries where poverty and wars are intense and European countries. Therefore, there are countless immigrants from different countries in Turkey. Migrations affect every sector, especially the health sector. The aim of this study was to determine how cultural awareness of nurses, who are the cornerstone of the health system, affects brain drain and xenophobia. The problem of health care is not only on the agenda of immigrants, but also on the agenda of health service providers in their countries due to economic and working conditions.DesignThis research was designed as descriptive and relationship‐seeking.MethodsThe data of the research were collected through Google Forms between December 5 and 26, 2022. A total of 231 nurses working in a public hospital in south‐east Turkey participated in the study. Data were evaluated with descriptive statistics as well as reliability, t‐test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis.ResultsIt was determined that the attitudes of the participants towards brain drain were moderate, their cultural awareness was low and their xenophobic attitudes were high. In addition, it was determined that 44% of the change in the total score obtained from the intercultural awareness scale was explained by the scores obtained from the xenophobia and brain drain scales.ConclusionsIn this context, it may be possible to reduce xenophobic attitudes by giving intercultural awareness trainings to nurses. In addition, it is important to provide working conditions and economic support by health policy makers to prevent the brain drain of nurses.ImpactNurses may need to provide care for individuals from different cultures due to the regions in which they live. For this reason increasing their cultural awareness and reducing xenophobia may ensure that they provide improved care to their patients.
Identifying work‐related factors associated with work–family conflict of care workers in nursing homes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hauser Claudia , Stahl Jonathan , Simon Michael , Valenta Sabine , Favez Lauriane , Zúñiga Franziska 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate which work‐related factors are associated with work–family conflict of care workers in nursing homes, this study aimed to: (a) describe the prevalence of work–family conflict of care workers in nursing homes and (b) assess the association of work‐related factors with work–family conflict.DesignCross‐sectional multicentre sub‐study based on data from the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project 2018.MethodsData were collected between September 2018 and October 2019. Work–family conflict of care workers was assessed with the Work–Family Conflict Scale (range 1–5). Prevalence was described in percentages. We used multilevel linear regression to assess the association of time‐based factors (working overtime or during one's free time, employment percentage, presenteeism, shift working) and strain‐based factors (staffing adequacy, leadership support) with work–family conflict.ResultsOur study sample consisted of 4324 care workers working in a total of 114 nursing homes. Overall, 31.2% of respondents stated to have experienced work–family conflict (>3.0 on the Work–Family Conflict Scale). The overall mean score of the study sample for work–family conflict was 2.5. Care workers experiencing presenteeism 10 or more days per year showed the highest scores for work–family conflict (mean: 3.1). All included predictor variables were significant (p < .05).ConclusionWork–family conflict is multifactorial. Possible intervention points to tackle work–family conflict could be strengthening care workers' influence in planning work schedules, enabling flexible planning to ensure adequate staffing, lowering presenteeism and implementing a supportive leadership style.ImpactCare workers' jobs become less desirable when workplace demands interfere with family life. This study highlights the multifaceted nature of work–family conflict and suggests intervention options to prevent care workers from experiencing work–family conflict. Action is needed at nursing home and policy level.
Clinical practice recommendations for nurse‐administered intramuscular injections in mental health: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Guiguet‐Auclair Candy , Bernard Lise , Boisgard Stéphane , Cardinaud Zuzana , Fernandes Jennifer , Debost‐Legrand Anne , Gregoire Elisabeth , Lanquetin Jean Paul , Morin Nadine , Lopes Estelle , Noel Thibault , Guillot Benjamin , Viennet Hervé , Reynaud Dominique , Traore Ousmane , Legrand Guillaume 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo develop clinical practice recommendations for nurse‐administered intramuscular injections in mental health.BackgroundIntramuscular injection is the main route of long‐acting injectable antipsychotics' administration that appear to improve the long‐term prognosis of mental illness. Specific guidelines related to the nurse administration of intramuscular injections need to be updated and to explore not only the technical aspects of this procedure.DesignA modified RAND/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) appropriateness method Delphi study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020.MethodsA multidisciplinary steering committee conducted a literature review and developed a list of 96 recommendations. These recommendations were submitted in a two‐round Delphi electronic survey to a panel of 49 experienced practicing nurses from five mental health hospitals in France. Each recommendation was rated for its appropriateness and applicability in clinical practice on a 9‐point Likert scale. Consensus among nurses was evaluated. The steering committee discussed the results after each round and approved the final set of recommendations.ResultsA final set of 79 specific recommendations were accepted for their appropriateness and applicability in clinical practice. Recommendations were classified in five domains: legal and quality assurance aspects, nurse–patient relationship, hygiene, pharmacology, and injection technique.ConclusionThe established recommendations placed patients at the heart of the decisions concerning the intramuscular injection and underlined the need for specific training programs. Future research should focus on the integration of these recommendations in clinical practice, by both before‐and‐after studies and regular assessments of professional practices with relevant indicators.ImpactThe recommendations developed for good nursing practices explored not only the technical aspects but integrated the nurse–patient relationship. These recommendations may impact usual practices of administration of long‐acting injectable antipsychotics and most of them could be applied in many countries.No Patient or Public ContributionDue to the study design.
Systematic review: Effect of mobile applications on college students with depressive symptoms
Authors: Lin Yueh‐Hsiu , Lou Meei‐Fang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of mobile applications (apps) on college students with depressive symptoms.DesignDepression among college students is a school health issue, although little is known regarding effective app‐based interventions for managing depressive symptoms. This review follows the concept of (1) theoretical guidance framework on app design, (2) app‐based intervention study design and (3) effect of app‐based interventions.Data SourcesCochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and PubMed were searched in October 2022.MethodsEnglish‐language reports of app‐based interventions for college students with depressive symptoms. Quality appraisal and data extraction of selected articles was conducted by two independent reviewers using the mixed methods appraisal tool. Data synthesis using core outcome and findings of intervention.ResultsFive studies have shown that depressive symptoms significantly decreased after app use, specifically indicating the effects that occur in 4 weeks. Although four studies have applied the theoretical framework to the app design, the findings showed the low implementation of the intervention activities as originally designed and at the specified dosage and difficulty in understanding the processes through which the intervention resolves the depressive symptoms.ConclusionApp‐based intervention can decrease depressive symptoms; furthermore, 4 weeks was the time point at which the changes were expected to occur. However, the theory‐based app design for the depression population was rarely related, and studies clearly explaining the intervention measures, intervention dosage and duration required to achieve effectiveness are needed.ImpactThis study provides the synthesis of evidence‐based app interventions to manage depressive symptoms to zoom in on different views and we suggest using the applications for at least 4 weeks before changes are expected to occur.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement in this study.
Adverse events associated with AveirTM VR leadless pacemaker: A Food and Drug Administration MAUDE database study
Authors: Garg Jalaj , Shah Kuldeep , Bhardwaj Rahul , Contractor Tahmeed , Mandapati Ravi , Turagam Mohit K. , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeadless pacemaker (LP) offers an innovative approach for treating bradyarrhythmia, thus avoiding pacemaker pocket and lead‐related complications. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved the Aveir™ leadless pacing system (screw‐in type LP).MethodsWe queried the FDA MAUDE database to study the safety profile and assess the types of complications with this relatively novel device technology. A MAUDE database search was conducted on January 20, 2023, for reports received post‐FDA approval to capture all adverse events.ResultsA total of 98 medical device report were reported for Aveir™ LP. After excluding duplicate, programmer‐related, or introducer‐sheath‐related entries (n = 34), 64 entries were included. The most commonly encountered problem was high threshold/noncapture (28.1%, 18 events), followed by stretched helix (17.2%, 11 events) and device dislodgement (15.6%, ten events—5 intraprocedural, while 5 in the postoperative Day 1). Other reported events included high impedance (14.1%, nine events), sensing issues (12.5%, eight events), bent/broken helix (7.8%, five events), premature separation (4.7%, three events), interrogation problem (3.1%, two events), low impedance (3.1%, two events), premature battery depletion (1.6%, one event) and inadvertent MRI mode switch (1.6%, one event) and miscellaneous (15.6%, n = 10). There were eight serious patient injury events—pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis (7.8%, five events) due to cardiac perforation that resulted in two deaths (3.1%) followed by sustained ventricular arrhythmias (4.6%, n = 3).ConclusionIn our study assessing the real‐world safety profile of the Aveir™ LP, serious adverse events have been reported—life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, device explantation/reimplantation, and death.