Abstract 6166: TBL1, a multifunctional transcriptional regulator, is highly expressed in osteosarcoma and correlates with activated beta catenin
Authors: Holloway Kimberly R. , Yamamichi Taku , Nirala Bikesh , Rainusso Nino , Yustein Jason T. , Horrigan Stephen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents. Two-thirds of OS patients are cured through chemotherapy and tumor resection. However, survival rates have plateaued over the past 30 years, especially for patients with relapsed and/or metastatic disease, with overall long-term outcomes of less than 30%. Transducin beta-like protein 1 (TBL1) protects beta-catenin from nuclear degradation and mediates Wnt targeted transcription by forming a TBL1-beta-catenin complex. Overexpression of TBL1 and nuclear beta-catenin are positively correlated to adverse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. Functional experiments reveal that down-regulation of TBL1 and nuclear beta-catenin activity inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. The objective of this study was to determine TBL1 levels within a panel of OS patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors.
Methods: TBL1 and beta-catenin protein levels were measured via western blot and immunohistochemistry in OS samples. We examined protein levels in OS PDX cell lines collected at distinct clinical stages of metastatic OS and OS primary tumor samples. TBL1, total beta-catenin, and activated beta-catenin levels were measured by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in tissue microarray (TMA) derived from patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumor and clinical samples. Each tumor sample were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, and spotted in triplicate on the TMA.
Results: Beta-catenin and TBL1 protein were detected in OS samples, and we found higher TBL1 protein levels in cells derived from advanced disease stages. Assessment of TBL1 protein was expanded to OS tissue microarray where TBL1, total beta-catenin, and active beta-catenin were independently stained in a TMA. TBL1, total beta-catenin, and activated beta-catenin were present in 100% of OS PDX cores. Finally, a majority of OS cores were shown to have high expression for both TBL1 and active beta-catenin.
Conclusion: Elevated TBL1 levels have been associated with metastatic disease and poor survival. We have measured TBL1 and activated beta-catenin protein levels in a variety of osteosarcoma samples and identified a large percentage of osteosarcoma that co-express both proteins. These results indicate that metastatic OS represents a TBL1 enriched patient population and is a candidate for therapeutics that target TBL1.
Citation Format: Kimberly R. Holloway, Taku Yamamichi, Bikesh Nirala, Nino Rainusso, Jason T. Yustein, Stephen Horrigan. TBL1, a multifunctional transcriptional regulator, is highly expressed in osteosarcoma and correlates with activated beta catenin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6166.