bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of gestational thyroid function and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity with postpartum depression: a prospective cohort study and systematic literature review with meta-analysis
Authors: Sileo Federica , Osinga Joris A J , Visser W Edward , Jansen Toyah A , Bramer Wichor M , Derakhshan Arash , Citterio Valeria , Tiemeier Henning , Persani Luca , Korevaar Tim I M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Importance
Postpartum depression (PPD) has a major impact on maternal and offspring well-being, with multiple possible risk factors: Studies on the association of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity and thyroid function with PPD provide heterogeneous results.

Objective
To study the association of thyroid function and TPOAb positivity with PPD.

Design
We assessed the association of TPOAb and thyroid function with PPD in a population-based prospective cohort study and performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We measured thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and TPOAb between 9- and 17-week gestation. Postpartum depression was assessed with Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale at 2-month postpartum and Brief Symptom Inventory at 2-, 6-, and 36-month postpartum. Additionally, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis assessing this association.

Results
In the present study, there was no association of thyroid function with PPD (TSH: odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.58-1.19, P = .32; FT4: OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95-1.05, P = .86) or TPOAb positivity with PPD (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.47-1.33, P = .37). An impaired thyroidal response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a surrogate marker for TPOAb positivity, was associated with a lower risk of PPD (P for interaction TSH = 0.04; FT4 = 0.06). Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 3 articles that were combined with the present study. There was no statistically significant association of TPOAb positivity with PPD (OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.91-4.10, P = .08), but the results were heterogeneous (I2 = 79%).

Conclusions and relevance
There was no significant association of TPOAb positivity, TSH, or FT4 with PPD. Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed high heterogeneity of the current literature. Although TPOAb-positive women should be monitored for postpartum thyroiditis, our findings do not support routinely screening for PPD.
Are active school transport and leisure-time physical activity associated with performance and wellbeing at secondary school? A population-based study
Authors: Jussila Juuso J , Pulakka Anna , Halonen Jaana I , Salo Paula , Allaouat Sara , Mikkonen Santtu , Lanki Timo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Physically active pupils may be better and more resilient learners. However, it is unclear whether walking or cycling to school yields similar educational and school-related mental health benefits as leisure-time physical activity. We examined the associations of active school transport and leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with perceived academic performance, competency in academic skills, school burnout and school enjoyment.

Methods
We included 34 103 Finnish adolescents (mean age 15.4 years; 53% girls) from the 2015 School Health Promotion study cohort. For the analyses, we used logistic regression, adjusting for major sociodemographic, environmental, lifestyle and physical activity covariates.

Results
Active school transport was positively associated with educational outcomes and school enjoyment, but not with school burnout. For example, compared with non-active transport, 10–30 min of daily active school transport was linked to 30% [odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.40] and 17% (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.27) higher odds of high perceived academic performance and high reading competency, respectively. Leisure-time physical activity was robustly associated with all outcomes. For example, compared with the inactive, the most physically active adolescents had 86% higher odds of high perceived academic performance (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.66–2.08), 57% higher odds of high competency in mathematics (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.39–1.77) and 40% lower odds of school burnout (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.52–0.69).

Conclusions
Compared with active school transport, leisure-time physical activity was more strongly associated with educational and school-related mental health outcomes. Nevertheless, walking or cycling to school might lead to improvements in classroom performance and school enjoyment.
Macroevolution of sexually selected weapons: weapon evolution in chameleons
Authors: Van Kleeck-Hann Melissa , Wiens John J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The evolution of sexually selected traits is a major topic in evolutionary biology. However, large-scale evolutionary patterns in these traits remain understudied, especially those traits used in male–male competition (weapons sensu lato). Here, we analyze weapon evolution in chamaeleonid lizards, both within and between the sexes. Chameleons are an outstanding model system because of their morphological diversity (including 11 weapon types among ~220 species) and a large-scale time-calibrated phylogeny. We analyze these 11 traits among 165 species using phylogenetic methods, addressing many questions for the first time in any group. We find that all 11 weapons have each evolved multiple times and that weapon origins are generally more frequent than their losses. We find that almost all weapons have each persisted for &gt;30 million years (and some for &gt;65 million years). Across chameleon phylogeny, we identify both hotspots for weapon evolution (up to 10 types present per species) and coldspots (all weapons absent, many through loss). These hotspots are significantly associated with larger male body size, but are only weakly related to sexual-size dimorphism. We also find that weapon evolution is strongly correlated between males and females. Overall, these results provide a baseline for understanding large-scale patterns of weapon evolution within clades.
Impact of HCV Testing and Treatment on HCV Transmission Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Who Inject Drugs in San Francisco: A Modelling Analysis
Authors: Artenie Adelina , Stone Jack , Facente Shelley N , Fraser Hannah , Hecht Jennifer , Rhodes Perry , McFarland Willi , Wilson Erin , Hickman Matthew , Vickerman Peter , Morris Meghan D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Men who have sex with men who ever injected drugs (ever MSM-IDU) carry a high hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden. We estimated whether current HCV testing and treatment in San Francisco can achieve the 2030 World Health Organization (WHO) HCV elimination target on HCV incidence among ever MSM-IDU.

Methods
A dynamic HCV/HIV transmission model among MSM was calibrated to San Francisco data, including HCV antibody (15.5%, 2011) and HIV prevalence (32.8%, 2017) among ever MSM-IDU. MSM had high HCV testing (79%–86% ever tested, 2011–2019) and diagnosed MSM had high HCV treatment (65% ever treated, 2018). Following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related lockdowns, HCV testing and treatment decreased by 59%.

Results
Among all MSM, 43% of incident HCV infections in 2022 were IDU-related. Among ever MSM-IDU in 2015, HCV incidence was 1.2/100 person-years (95% credibility interval [CrI], 0.8–1.6). Assuming COVID-19–related declines in HCV testing/treatment persist until 2030, HCV incidence among ever MSM-IDU will decrease by 84.9% (95% CrI, 72.3%–90.8%) over 2015–2030. This decline is largely attributed to HCV testing and treatment (75.8%; 95% CrI, 66.7%–89.5%). Slightly greater decreases in HCV incidence (94%–95%) are projected if COVID-19 disruptions recover by 2025 or 2022.

Conclusions
We estimate that HCV incidence will decline by &gt;80% over 2015–2030 among ever MSM-IDU in San Francisco, achieving the WHO target.
The Human Blood Fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, Harbors Bacteria Throughout the Parasite's Life Cycle
Authors: Formenti Fabio , Cortés Alba , Deiana Michela , Salter Susannah , Parkhill Julian , Berriman Matt , Rinaldi Gabriel , Cantacessi Cinzia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
While symbiotic relationships between invertebrates and bacteria have been extensively described, studies of microbial communities inhabiting parasitic worms remain scarce. Exploring the microbiota associated with helminths responsible for major infectious diseases will inform on parasite biology, host-pathogen interactions, and disease pathophysiology. We investigated the presence of microorganisms inhabiting tissues of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. In situ hybridization using a pan-bacterial 16S rRNA gene probe revealed bacteria colonizing key developmental stages that were successfully removed after antibiotic treatment of live parasites. Understanding the composition and function of the S. mansoni-associated microbiota may lead to the development of novel microbiome-targeting control strategies
Fungal brain abscess in a severely burned patient
Authors: Stevens Audrey , Waldrop Caitlyn , Mandell Samuel , Abdelfattah Kareem , Arnoldo Brett , Akarichi Chiaka O , Clark Audra T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Burn patients are particularly susceptible to atypical and opportunistic infections. Here we report an unusual case of a 40-year-old previously healthy man with a 74% TBSA burn injury who developed a presumed Fusarium brain abscess. This patient had a complicated infectious course including ESBL E. coli and Elizabethkingia bacteremia and pneumonia, MRSA ventilator-associated pneumonia, Mycobacterium abscessus bacteremia, and Fusarium fungemia. After diagnosis with a fungal abscess on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, the patient was treated with aspiration and appropriate antifungal therapies. The patient was eventually transitioned to comfort care and died on hospital day 167. This is the first published report of a Fusarium-related brain abscess since it was first reported in a case report of a burned child in 1974.
Dose-escalation part of Phase I study of single-agent mosunetuzumab in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Munakata Wataru , Izutsu Koji , Mishima Yuko , Nagai Hirokazu , Ishihara Yuko , Suzumiya Junji , Kanakura Yuzuru , Nanki Toshihiro , Miyake Takeshi , Kawasaki Atsuko , Yoshinaga Tatsuya , Ishizawa Kenichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
This dose-escalation part of an ongoing Phase I study assessed the tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics of mosunetuzumab in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Methods
Mosunetuzumab was administered intravenously, with step-up dosing in a 3 + 3 design, on Days 1, 8 and 15 of Cycle 1, and Day 1 of each subsequent 21-day cycle for up to 17 cycles to patients across five cohorts with different target doses (2.8, 6.0, 13.5, 27.0 or 60.0 mg).

Results
As of 5 July 2022, 23 patients had received mosunetuzumab. The median patient age was 63.0 years, 56.5% of patients were male, and 69.6% of patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 17.4% had transformed follicular lymphoma (FL) and 13.0% had FL. The median number of prior lines of therapy was 4. Mosunetuzumab was well tolerated and there were no deaths. The most common adverse events (any grade) were neutropenia/neutrophil count decreased (47.8%) and cytokine release syndrome (34.8%). Most cytokine release syndrome events were Grade 1/2 (one Grade 3), and most occurred within 24 hours of the first dose of mosunetuzumab. The apparent half-life of mosunetuzumab was 4.1–5.0 days. Two patients achieved a complete response, and 11 patients achieved a partial response.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that mosunetuzumab has an acceptable safety profile and antitumor activity in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell NHL. The recommended Phase II dose of 1.0/2.0/60.0/60.0/30.0 mg was tolerable and there were no new or different safety signals compared with the global Phase I study.
Mitracarpus frigidus reduces lipid metabolism and PGE2 levels in inflammatory cells
Authors: Lemos Ari Sérgio de O , Campos Lara M , Granato Juliana da T , Goliatt Priscila V Z C , Dib Paula R B , Hottz Eugenio D , Glanzmann Nícolas , Campos Laíris C , Bizarro Heloisa D S , Chedier Luciana M , Coimbra Elaine S , Fabri Rodrigo L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the ability of the aqueous extract of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFAq) to inhibit lipid body formation and inflammatory mediator production in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ).

Methods
MFAq was chemically characterized by ultrafast liquid chromatography/quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The macrophages obtained from mice were incubated with MFAq. Cell viability and membrane integrity were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and propidium iodide assays, respectively. Moreover, NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and lipid bodies (LBs) were examined in macrophages that were stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ and treated with MFAq. Finally, molecular docking analysis was conducted to investigate the interaction of MFAq with the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme.

Key findings
Chlorogenic acid, clarinoside, harounoside, rutin, kaempferol-3O-rutinoside and 2-azaanthraquinone were identified in MFAq. MFAq significantly inhibited NO, ROS and LBs, and did not affect the membrane integrity of macrophages. MFAq-treated cells showed significantly lower levels of TGF-β and PGE2. Molecular docking demonstrated that the compounds found in MFAq are able to inhibit COX-2 by binding to important residues in the catalytic site.

Conclusions
MFAq interferes with lipid metabolism in stimulated macrophages, leading to the reduction of important inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, MFAq can directly inhibit the COX-2 enzyme or inhibit its expression owing to its ability to reduce NO production.
ECHO: A hierarchical combination of classical and multi-agent epistemic planning problems
Authors: Soldà Davide , Fabiano Francesco , Dovier Agostino 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The continuous interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought, among other things, the development of several scenarios where multiple artificial entities interact with each other. As for all the other autonomous settings, these multi-agent systems require orchestration. This is, generally, achieved through techniques derived from the vast field of Automated Planning. Notably, arbitration in multi-agent domains is not only tasked with regulating how the agents act, but must also consider the interactions between the agents’ information flows and must, therefore, reason on an epistemic level. This brings a substantial overhead that often diminishes the reasoning process’s usability in real-world situations. To address this problem, we present ECHO, a hierarchical framework that embeds classical and multi-agent epistemic (epistemic, for brevity) planners in a single architecture. The idea is to combine (i) classical; and(ii) epistemic solvers to model efficiently the agents’ interactions with the (i) ‘physical world’; and(ii) information flows, respectively. In particular, the presented architecture starts by planning on the ‘epistemic level’, with a high level of abstraction, focusing only on the information flows. Then it refines the planning process, due to the classical planner, to fully characterize the interactions with the ‘physical’ world. To further optimize the solving process, we introduced the concept of macros in epistemic planning and enriched the ‘classical’ part of the domain with goal-networks.
Finally, we evaluated our approach in an actual robotic environment showing that our architecture indeed reduces the overall computational time.
Real-World Effectiveness of Palbociclib Plus Aromatase Inhibitors in African American Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Rugo Hope S , Liu Xianchen , Li Benjamin , McRoy Lynn , Chen Connie , Layman Rachel M , Brufsky Adam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDisparities in survival and clinical outcomes between African American and White patients with breast cancer (BC) are well documented, but African American patients have not been well represented in randomized clinical trials of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Real-world studies can provide evidence for effective treatment strategies for underreported patient populations.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective analysis of African American patients with HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (mBC) from the Flatiron Health longitudinal database evaluated treatments for patients with BC in routine clinical practice in the US. Patients initiated first-line therapy with palbociclib plus an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or AI alone between February 2015 and March 2020. Outcomes assessed included overall survival (OS) and real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) until September 2020.ResultsOf 270 eligible patients, 127 (median age 64 years) were treated with palbociclib + AI, and 143 (median age 68 years) were treated with an AI. Median follow-up was 24.0 months for palbociclib + AI and 18.2 months for AI-treated patients. Median OS was not reached (NR; 95% CI, 38.2-NR) in the palbociclib + AI group versus 28.2 months (95% CI, 19.2-52.8) in the AI group (adjusted HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36-0.89; P = .013). Median rwPFS was 18.0 months (95% CI, 12.4-26.7) in the palbociclib + AI group and 10.5 months (95% CI, 7.0-13.4) in the AI group (adjusted HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.47-1.17; P = .199).ConclusionThis comparative analysis of palbociclib + AI versus AI alone indicates that palbociclib combined with endocrine therapy in the first line is associated with improved effectiveness for African American patients with HR+/HER2− mBC in real-world settings.Trial numberNCT05361655
Allelic compatibility in plant immune receptors facilitates engineering of new effector recognition specificities
Authors: Bentham Adam R , De la Concepcion Juan Carlos , Benjumea Javier Vega , Kourelis Jiorgos , Jones Sally , Mendel Melanie , Stubbs Jack , Stevenson Clare E M , Maidment Josephine H R , Youles Mark , Zdrzałek Rafał , Kamoun Sophien , Banfield Mark J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Engineering the plant immune system offers genetic solutions to mitigate crop diseases caused by diverse agriculturally significant pathogens and pests. Modification of intracellular plant immune receptors of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor superfamily for expanded recognition of pathogen virulence proteins (effectors) is a promising approach for engineering disease resistance. However, engineering can cause NLR autoactivation, resulting in constitutive defense responses that are deleterious to the plant. This may be due to plant NLRs associating in highly complex signaling networks that coevolve together, and changes through breeding or genetic modification can generate incompatible combinations, resulting in autoimmune phenotypes. The sensor and helper NLRs of the rice (Oryza sativa) NLR pair Pik have coevolved, and mismatching between noncoevolved alleles triggers constitutive activation and cell death. This limits the extent to which protein modifications can be used to engineer pathogen recognition and enhance disease resistance mediated by these NLRs. Here, we dissected incompatibility determinants in the Pik pair in Nicotiana benthamiana and found that heavy metal–associated (HMA) domains integrated in Pik-1 not only evolved to bind pathogen effectors but also likely coevolved with other NLR domains to maintain immune homeostasis. This explains why changes in integrated domains can lead to autoactivation. We then used this knowledge to facilitate engineering of new effector recognition specificities, overcoming initial autoimmune penalties. We show that by mismatching alleles of the rice sensor and helper NLRs Pik-1 and Pik-2, we can enable the integration of synthetic domains with novel and enhanced recognition specificities. Taken together, our results reveal a strategy for engineering NLRs, which has the potential to allow an expanded set of integrations and therefore new disease resistance specificities in plants.
Export Controls and the Junction of Economics and National Security: A Review Article
Authors: Pillar Paul R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mario Daniels and John Krige's Knowledge Regulation and National Security in Postwar America is a detailed history of the U.S. use of export controls and domestic debates over that use. Their account describes how issues of trade and commerce increasingly have been viewed in terms of security. Their history, which ends in 2020, does not directly address the current use of export controls and other measures to restrict the transfer of knowledge but is highly relevant to issues surrounding that use. Such controls represent a retreat from globalization and raise questions about their economic costs to the United States, their ultimate political impact on the targeted country, and their consequences for scientific inquiry.
Neural Cells for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Clinical Trials
Authors: Fan Yiping , Goh Eyleen L K , Chan Jerry Kok Yen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are an entire spectrum of clinical conditions that affect the central and peripheral nervous system. There is no cure currently, with treatment focusing mainly on slowing down progression or symptomatic relief. Cellular therapies with various cell types from different sources are being conducted as clinical trials for several ND diseases. They include neural, mesenchymal and hemopoietic stem cells, and neural cells derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we present the list of cellular therapies for ND comprising 33 trials that used neural stem progenitors, 8 that used differentiated neural cells ,and 109 trials that involved non-neural cells in the 7 ND. Encouraging results have been shown in a few early-phase clinical trials that require further investigations in a randomized setting. However, such definitive trials may not be possible given the relative cost of the trials, and in the setting of rare diseases.
A disfiguring neglected tropical disease sweeps war-torn Yemen: a community-based study of prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural communities in the western highlands
Authors: Al-Ashwal Manal A , Atroosh Wahib M , Al-Adhroey Abdulelah H , Al-Subbary Assia A , Yee-Ling Lau , Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major health problem in Yemen and is endemic in many rural areas across the country.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional survey followed by unmatched case–control comparisons was conducted among 612 participants in Utmah district, western Yemen. A total of 223 participants were included in the case–control analysis to identify the significant risk factors. Skin scrapping samples were examined by microscopy and internal transcribed spacer 1 nested polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Overall, 33% (202/612) of the participants had active skin lesions and/or scars that met the clinical criteria for CL. A total of 90 (14.7%) participants had suspected active CL lesions; however, a prevalence of 8.7% (53/612) was obtained based on molecular and parasitological examination, with Leishmania tropica being the only causative agent identified. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that being ≤10 y old, being female, living in houses with cracked walls, living in the presence of other family members with typical ulcerating skin diseases and sleeping outside were factors significantly associated with an increased likelihood of having CL. Moreover, keeping livestock on the ground floor of the house was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of having CL.

Conclusion
The study reveals an alarmingly high prevalence of CL among the studied population. Therefore there is an urgent need for effective control measures and improved treatment efforts against this devastating disease.