bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regime shift in Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness
Authors: Sumata Hiroshi , de Steur Laura , Divine Dmitry V. , Granskog Mats A. , Gerland Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractManifestations of climate change are often shown as gradual changes in physical or biogeochemical properties1. Components of the climate system, however, can show stepwise shifts from one regime to another, as a nonlinear response of the system to a changing forcing2. Here we show that the Arctic sea ice regime shifted in 2007 from thicker and deformed to thinner and more uniform ice cover. Continuous sea ice monitoring in the Fram Strait over the last three decades revealed the shift. After the shift, the fraction of thick and deformed ice dropped by half and has not recovered to date. The timing of the shift was preceded by a two-step reduction in residence time of sea ice in the Arctic Basin, initiated first in 2005 and followed by 2007. We demonstrate that a simple model describing the stochastic process of dynamic sea ice thickening explains the observed ice thickness changes as a result of the reduced residence time. Our study highlights the long-lasting impact of climate change on the Arctic sea ice through reduced residence time and its connection to the coupled ocean–sea ice processes in the adjacent marginal seas and shelves of the Arctic Ocean.
Control of stereogenic oxygen in a helically chiral oxonium ion
Authors: Smith Owen , Popescu Mihai V. , Hindson Madeleine J. , Paton Robert S. , Burton Jonathan W. , Smith Martin D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe control of tetrahedral carbon stereocentres remains a focus of modern synthetic chemistry and is enabled by their configurational stability. By contrast, trisubstituted nitrogen1, phosphorus2 and sulfur compounds3 undergo pyramidal inversion, a fundamental and well-recognized stereochemical phenomenon that is widely exploited4. However, the stereochemistry of oxonium ions—compounds bearing three substituents on a positively charged oxygen atom—is poorly developed and there are few applications of oxonium ions in synthesis beyond their existence as reactive intermediates5,6. There are no examples of configurationally stable oxonium ions in which the oxygen atom is the sole stereogenic centre, probably owing to the low barrier to oxygen pyramidal inversion7 and the perception that all oxonium ions are highly reactive. Here we describe the design, synthesis and characterization of a helically chiral triaryloxonium ion in which inversion of the oxygen lone pair is prevented through geometric restriction to enable it to function as a determinant of configuration. A combined synthesis and quantum calculation approach delineates design principles that enable configurationally stable and room-temperature isolable salts to be generated. We show that the barrier to inversion is greater than 110 kJ mol−1 and outline processes for resolution. This constitutes, to our knowledge, the only example of a chiral non-racemic and configurationally stable molecule in which the oxygen atom is the sole stereogenic centre.
Spatial mapping of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetics in lung cancer
Authors: Han Mingqi , Bushong Eric A. , Segawa Mayuko , Tiard Alexandre , Wong Alex , Brady Morgan R. , Momcilovic Milica , Wolf Dane M. , Zhang Ralph , Petcherski Anton , Madany Matthew , Xu Shili , Lee Jason T. , Poyurovsky Masha V. , Olszewski Kellen , Holloway Travis , Gomez Adrian , John Maie St. , Dubinett Steven M. , Koehler Carla M. , Shirihai Orian S. , Stiles Linsey , Lisberg Aaron , Soatto Stefano , Sadeghi Saman , Ellisman Mark H. , Shackelford David B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMitochondria are critical to the governance of metabolism and bioenergetics in cancer cells1. The mitochondria form highly organized networks, in which their outer and inner membrane structures define their bioenergetic capacity2,3. However, in vivo studies delineating the relationship between the structural organization of mitochondrial networks and their bioenergetic activity have been limited. Here we present an in vivo structural and functional analysis of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetic phenotypes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using an integrated platform consisting of positron emission tomography imaging, respirometry and three-dimensional scanning block-face electron microscopy. The diverse bioenergetic phenotypes and metabolic dependencies we identified in NSCLC tumours align with distinct structural organization of mitochondrial networks present. Further, we discovered that mitochondrial networks are organized into distinct compartments within tumour cells. In tumours with high rates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOSHI) and fatty acid oxidation, we identified peri-droplet mitochondrial networks wherein mitochondria contact and surround lipid droplets. By contrast, we discovered that in tumours with low rates of OXPHOS (OXPHOSLO), high glucose flux regulated perinuclear localization of mitochondria, structural remodelling of cristae and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Our findings suggest that in NSCLC, mitochondrial networks are compartmentalized into distinct subpopulations that govern the bioenergetic capacity of tumours.
Whole-genome doubling drives oncogenic loss of chromatin segregation
Authors: Lambuta Ruxandra A. , Nanni Luca , Liu Yuanlong , Diaz-Miyar Juan , Iyer Arvind , Tavernari Daniele , Katanayeva Natalya , Ciriello Giovanni , Oricchio Elisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhole-genome doubling (WGD) is a recurrent event in human cancers and it promotes chromosomal instability and acquisition of aneuploidies1–8. However, the three-dimensional organization of chromatin in WGD cells and its contribution to oncogenic phenotypes are currently unknown. Here we show that in p53-deficient cells, WGD induces loss of chromatin segregation (LCS). This event is characterized by reduced segregation between short and long chromosomes, A and B subcompartments and adjacent chromatin domains. LCS is driven by the downregulation of CTCF and H3K9me3 in cells that bypassed activation of the tetraploid checkpoint. Longitudinal analyses revealed that LCS primes genomic regions for subcompartment repositioning in WGD cells. This results in chromatin and epigenetic changes associated with oncogene activation in tumours ensuing from WGD cells. Notably, subcompartment repositioning events were largely independent of chromosomal alterations, which indicates that these were complementary mechanisms contributing to tumour development and progression. Overall, LCS initiates chromatin conformation changes that ultimately result in oncogenic epigenetic and transcriptional modifications, which suggests that chromatin evolution is a hallmark of WGD-driven cancer.
Spatial epigenome–transcriptome co-profiling of mammalian tissues
Authors: Zhang Di , Deng Yanxiang , Kukanja Petra , Agirre Eneritz , Bartosovic Marek , Dong Mingze , Ma Cong , Ma Sai , Su Graham , Bao Shuozhen , Liu Yang , Xiao Yang , Rosoklija Gorazd B. , Dwork Andrew J. , Mann J. John , Leong Kam W. , Boldrini Maura , Wang Liya , Haeussler Maximilian , Raphael Benjamin J. , Kluger Yuval , Castelo-Branco Gonçalo , Fan Rong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEmerging spatial technologies, including spatial transcriptomics and spatial epigenomics, are becoming powerful tools for profiling of cellular states in the tissue context1–5. However, current methods capture only one layer of omics information at a time, precluding the possibility of examining the mechanistic relationship across the central dogma of molecular biology. Here, we present two technologies for spatially resolved, genome-wide, joint profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome by cosequencing chromatin accessibility and gene expression, or histone modifications (H3K27me3, H3K27ac or H3K4me3) and gene expression on the same tissue section at near-single-cell resolution. These were applied to embryonic and juvenile mouse brain, as well as adult human brain, to map how epigenetic mechanisms control transcriptional phenotype and cell dynamics in tissue. Although highly concordant tissue features were identified by either spatial epigenome or spatial transcriptome we also observed distinct patterns, suggesting their differential roles in defining cell states. Linking epigenome to transcriptome pixel by pixel allows the uncovering of new insights in spatial epigenetic priming, differentiation and gene regulation within the tissue architecture. These technologies are of great interest in life science and biomedical research.
Fast and sensitive GCaMP calcium indicators for imaging neural populations
Authors: Zhang Yan , Rózsa Márton , Liang Yajie , Bushey Daniel , Wei Ziqiang , Zheng Jihong , Reep Daniel , Broussard Gerard Joey , Tsang Arthur , Tsegaye Getahun , Narayan Sujatha , Obara Christopher J. , Lim Jing-Xuan , Patel Ronak , Zhang Rongwei , Ahrens Misha B. , Turner Glenn C. , Wang Samuel S.-H. , Korff Wyatt L. , Schreiter Eric R. , Svoboda Karel , Hasseman Jeremy P. , Kolb Ilya , Looger Loren L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCalcium imaging with protein-based indicators1,2 is widely used to follow neural activity in intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much slower than electrical signalling and are limited by trade-offs between sensitivity and kinetics. Here we used large-scale screening and structure-guided mutagenesis to develop and optimize several fast and sensitive GCaMP-type indicators3–8. The resulting ‘jGCaMP8’ sensors, based on the calcium-binding protein calmodulin and a fragment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, have ultra-fast kinetics (half-rise times of 2 ms) and the highest sensitivity for neural activity reported for a protein-based calcium sensor. jGCaMP8 sensors will allow tracking of large populations of neurons on timescales relevant to neural computation.
Comorbidities and concentration of trace elements in livers of European bison from Bieszczady Mountains (Poland)
Authors: Klich Daniel , Łopucki Rafał , Kaczor Stanisław , Zwolak Iwona , Didkowska Anna , Wiącek Dariusz , Bielecki Wojciech , Perzanowski Kajetan , Wojciechowska Marlena , Olech Wanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEuropean bison is a species for which health monitoring is essential in conservation activities. So far, little research has been carried out on the concentration of elements in this species. Most previous studies did not associate the concentration of elements with susceptibility to diseases. In this study we investigate the relationship between comorbidities in European bison and concentrations of a wide spectrum of elements in the liver. Samples were collected during the monitoring of the European bison population in Bieszczady (southeast Poland) over the 2020–2022 period. Each individual was also visually inspected by a veterinarian in the field for the presence of lesions as a part of a post-mortem examination. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group A—one type of clinical sign; group B—two types of clinical signs; group C—three or more types of clinical signs. The ICP-OES method was applied to assess the concentration of 40 elements in livers. Discriminant analysis showed clear differences between the mineral status of individuals in the groups with one, two, and at least three types of clinical signs. Detailed analysis of selected elements showed that, in the case of eight elements, there was a relationship with age, sex, or comorbidities. Cu, Se, and Zn showed significant differences in relation to comorbidities, but only Cu concentration was lower when the frequency of lesions was higher. We concluded that in research on the mineral status of the population, apart from the availability of trace elements in the environment, the health condition of the studied individuals should also be considered. However, inferring the mineral status of the population on the basis of randomly obtained samples from dead individuals may give an incomplete view of the population, especially in the case of species susceptible to diseases, such as European bison.
Climate change adaptation measures conflicted with the recreational demands on city forests during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Beckmann-Wübbelt Angela , Türk Lynn , Almeida Iulia , Fricke Annika , Sotirov Metodi , Saha Somidh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecurrent droughts in southwest Germany threaten the city and community-owned forests (CCF). At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for recreation in CCF of southwest Germany. We interviewed stakeholders from different interest groups to critically analyze their opinion on how the high recreation demand on CCF due to the pandemic can be ensured along with implementing climate change adaptation measures in CCF in Karlsruhe, Germany. We found that stakeholders particularly highlighted the importance of the recreational function of the CCF during the pandemic. However, the behavior of visitors was criticized by the stakeholders. We showed that demand for the recreational use of CCF conflicted with climate change adaptation measures such as sanitary and forest restoration actions, creating a dilemma among stakeholders. Therefore, enhancing citizens’ knowledge of forests’ recreation functions and the need for climate change adaptation through communication and education should be prioritized.
The mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean differed between the Medieval Warm Period and the Industrial Era
Authors: Jiang Shiwei , Zhou Xin , Sachs Julian P. , Li Zhibo , Tu Luyao , Lin Yiyi , Liu Xuanqiao , Chen Anze , Shen Yanan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChanges in the El Niño Southern Oscillation over the last few decades have been linked to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions; however, the sign, magnitude, and drivers of these variations during the Common Era are not yet well constrained. Here, we present an 1800-year reconstruction of the El Niño Southern Oscillation mean-state derived from precipitation reconstructions based on lake sediments in East Asia and examine the long-term changes in the mean state and variance of the tropical Pacific. We find that the Medieval Warm Period was characterized by La Niña-like states with low variance, whereas El Niño-like states prevailed during the Little Ice Age and the Current Warm Period with high variance. Temperature changes caused by effective radiative forcing were probably the drivers of this response during the pre-industrial period, whereas greenhouse gas forcing likely accounts for the variations in the tropical Pacific mean-state during the industrial period.
The biodistribution of placental and fetal extracellular vesicles during pregnancy following placentation
Authors: Kang Matthew , Blenkiron Cherie , Chamley Lawrence W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Human pregnancy is a highly orchestrated process requiring extensive cross-talk between the mother and the fetus. Extracellular vesicles released by the fetal tissue, particularly the placenta, are recognized as important mediators of this process. More recently, the importance of placental extracellular vesicle biodistribution studies in animal models has received increasing attention as identifying the organs to which extracellular vesicles are targeted to helps us understand more about this communication system. Placental extracellular vesicles are categorized based on their size into macro-, large-, and small-extracellular vesicles, and their biodistribution is dependent on the extracellular vesicle’s particle size, the direction of blood flow, the recirculation of blood, as well as the retention capacity in organs. Macro-extracellular vesicles are exclusively localized to the lungs, while large- and small-extracellular vesicles show high levels of distribution to the lungs and liver, while there is inconsistency in the reporting of distribution to the spleen and kidneys. This inconsistency may be due to the differences in the methodologies employed between studies and their limitations. Future studies should incorporate analysis of placental extracellular vesicle biodistribution at the macroscopic level on whole animals and organs/tissues, as well as the microscopic cellular level.
The Effects of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Pragmatic Language in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vogel Samantha , Ciccia Angela H. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:This meta-analysis addressed the research question: In adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), does cognitive rehabilitation improve pragmatic language?Method:Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted to identify empirical studies that met inclusion criteria including (a) adults (18 years and older) with TBI, (b) a cognitive-based intervention, and (c) reported quantitative pragmatic language outcome measures data. A meta-analysis was conducted on pragmatic language outcome measures. Cohen'sdand a 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate the intervention effect.Results:After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to 640 eligible papers, six studies (N= 76 participants combined across articles) remained. Results showed that cognitive rehabilitation targeting skills used in communication has a large, positive effect (Cohen'sd= 0.89 [0.54,1.24]) on improving pragmatic language abilities in adults with TBI.Conclusions:This meta-analysis provides evidence that cognitive rehabilitative protocols created in collaboration with speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have a significant impact on improving pragmatic language abilities of adults with TBI. This is important for SLPs to consider when determining a treatment approach when working with adults diagnosed with a TBI who have deficits in the area of pragmatic language.
Fully passive noise‐shaping successive approximation register analog‐to‐digital converter realizing 2 × gain without capacitor stacking
Authors: Zou Xingshuai , Liu Jiaxin , Li Qiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fully passive noise shaping (NS) successive approximation register (SAR) analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs) are simple, operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) free and scaling friendly. Previous passive NS‐SAR ADCs rely on the multi‐path‐input comparator or capacitors stacking to realize the passive gain for compensating the signal attenuation during passive integration. However, the former causes high comparator power consumption, and the latter suffers from additional signal attenuation due to the parasitics and is hard to extend to high‐order systems. This work proposes a new fully passive NS‐SAR technique, it can realize 2 × gain with a simple structure, leading to the reduced comparator power, and less parasitics. This technique is also easy to extend to high‐order NS‐SAR ADCs.
Enquête autour des émotions ressenties par les étudiants lors de la réalisation d’un geste courant en odontologie chez les patients enfants et adultes
Authors: Vairon Ophélie , offner Damien , Maniere Marie-Cécile , Strub Marion 
Published: March 2023

Contexte : Les émotions ressenties par les étudiants en chirurgie dentaire pendant les stages cliniques peuvent influencer leur motivation, leur engagement au travail, leur santé mentale et physique et leurs apprentissages, dans le bon comme dans le mauvais sens. But : L’objectif principal de cette étude était d’évaluer la charge émotionnelle des étudiants pendant la réalisation d’un soin courant chez un enfant et chez un adulte. Méthode : Une étude prospective descriptive a été menée auprès d’étudiants de 5e année volontaires (n = 143). Un questionnaire portant sur les émotions ressenties était complété immédiatement après chaque avulsion dentaire réalisée par un étudiant. Nous les avons interrogés sur la confiance en soi, la satisfaction au travail ou encore l’anxiété à différentes étapes de la consultation. Résultats : Soigner des enfants est une source d’anxiété pour les étudiants. Ils se sentent moins confiants et éprouvent des difficultés pour communiquer avec les jeunes enfants qu’on retrouve nettement moins face à des patients adultes. La disponibilité des superviseurs et le travail en binôme sont quant à eux des facteurs rassurants. Conclusion : La dentisterie pédiatrique est une discipline stressante pour les étudiants, avec un panel d’émotions spécifiques qui pourrait expliquer le peu d’attrait de la discipline.
Korrektur von Fingerdeformitäten
Authors: Biehl Christoph , Biehl Lotta , Heinrich Martin , Heiß Christian , Schäfer Christoph 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDeformitäten der Langfinger sind neben „Rheumaknoten“ die
auffälligsten Veränderungen einer bestehenden Rheumatoiden
Arthritis. Die Therapie beinhaltet neben der medikamentösen Einstellung
der Patienten konservative Maßnahmen, in deren Mittelpunkt die
Ergotherapie steht. Neben konservativen und interventionellen Versorgungen
sollte die Synovialektomie zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt erwogen werden, um
die Gelenke langfristig zu schützen. Bei fortgeschrittenen
Deformitäten müssen periartikuläre Strukturen in der
Operation adressiert werden, um Funktionsdefizite so gering wie möglich
zu halten. Gleichzeitig ist auf Grund der Dynamik der Grunderkrankung immer mit
einer Progredienz und erneuten Operationen zu rechnen. Eine einzelne für
ein Gelenk spezifische operative Maßnahme existiert nicht, vielmehr gilt
es die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten und erforderliche Alternativen in der
Planung zu berücksichtigen, um diese in der Operation entsprechend dem
Ziel durchführen zu können.
„Hilflosigkeit, das Abgeben jeglicher Selbstverantwortung und Selbstbestimmtheit“ – eine qualitative Auswertung von traumatisierenden Geburtserlebnissen in Relation zum Geburtsmodus
Authors: Hüner Beate , Schmiedhofer Martina , Derksen Christina , Polasik Arkadius , Janni Wolfgang , Reister Frank , Lippke Sonia 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Eine Geburt verbindet emotionale Herausforderungen mit individuellen Ängsten. Unerwartete Geburtsverläufe können Stressreaktionen bis hin zu posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen auslösen.Ziel der Studie Das Ziel der Studie war die qualitative Beschreibung von belastend wahrgenommenen Geburtserlebnissen und gewünschten Maßnahmen nach traumatisierenden Geburtserlebnisse.Methodik Es wurde eine inhaltsanalytische Auswertung von 117 Freitextantworten zu belastenden Geburtserlebnissen und gewünschten Maßnahmen anhand von Kategorien und Häufigkeiten in Relation zum Geburtsmodus vorgenommen.Ergebnisse Fünf Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: (1) Belastende Erfahrungen aufgrund von Ängsten um das Kind und die Trennung vom Kind vor allem nach einer Notsectio, (2) als unzulänglich erfahrene Kommunikation nach operativ vaginalen Geburten und sekundären Sectiones, (3) Gefühle von Versagen und Schuld nach allen ungeplanten Geburtsmodi, (4) Hilflosigkeit aufgrund des erlebten Kontrollverlustes und Ausgeliefertsein nach einer Notsectio sowie (5) Subjektiv ungünstige Versorgung durch mangelnde Empathie oder fehlende Betreuung. Als gewünschte Maßnahmen wurden genannt: unmittelbare Nachbesprechungen des Geburtserlebens mit dem beteiligten Personal sowie das Angebot professioneller psychologischer Unterstützung.Schlussfolgerung Frauenzentrierte Kommunikation insbesondere bei ungeplanten Geburtsverläufen und Nachbesprechungen von belastenden Geburtsverläufen sind bedeutsame Maßnahmen zur Stärkung des mütterlichen Wohlbefindens und der psychischen Gesundheit. Sie können einen positiven Einfluss auf die Entwicklung einer gesunden Mutter-Kind-Beziehung nehmen.