bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychosocial impact of microtia and ear reconstruction: A national data-linkage study
Authors: Jovic Thomas H. , Gibson John A. G. , Jovic Matthew , Dobbs Thomas D. , Griffiths Rowena , Akbari Ashley , Whitaker Iain S. 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionChildren with visible facial differences are believed to be at increased risk of negative psychosocial behaviours which may manifest as affective disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether a diagnosis of microtia, and the associated surgical intervention, is associated with psychosocial implications including impaired educational attainment and a diagnosis of an affective disorder.MethodsA retrospective case-control study was conducted using data linkage to identify patients in Wales with a diagnosis of microtia. Matched controls were sought on the basis of age, gender and socioeconomic deprivation status to yield a total sample size of 709. incidence was calculated using annual and geographic birth rates. Surgical operation codes were used to classify patients into those that had no surgery, autologous reconstruction or prosthetic reconstruction. Educational attainment at 11 years of age, plus a diagnosis of depression or anxiety were used as markers of adverse psychosocial outcomes and the relative risk was attained using logistic regression analyses.ResultsThere were no significant associations between a diagnosis of microtia and an increased risk of adverse educational attainment or a risk of an affective disorder diagnosis. Male gender and higher deprivation scores were significantly associated with poorer educational attainment, irrespective of a diagnosis of microtia. Surgical intervention of any nature was also not associated with any increased risk of adverse educational or psychosocial outcomes in microtia patients.DiscussionMicrotia patients in Wales do not appear to be at greater risk of developing affective disorders or impaired academic performance as a result of their diagnosis or associated surgical intervention. Whilst reassuring, the need for appropriate support mechanisms to maintain positive psychosocial wellbeing and academic achievement in this patient cohort is reinforced.
Effect of local application of bone morphogenetic protein -2 on experimental tooth movement and biological remodeling in rats
Authors: Wang Menglin , Fan Jiadong , Wang Aoao , Jin Xiang , Zhang Zhenbao , Hu Xiantong , Liu Le , Zhao Yantao , Li Yanfeng 
Published: April 2023

Background: This study attempts to detect the potential effects of local bone morphogenetic protein -2 (BMP-2) on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal tissue remodeling.Methods: Forty adult SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group, unilateral injection of BMP-2 on the pressure side or tension side of orthodontic teeth and bilateral injection of BMP-2. Their maxillary first molar was moved by a 30 g constant force closed coil spring. 60 μL of BMP-2 with a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL was injected into each part at a time. In addition, three rats were selected as healthy control rats without any intervention. Fluorescent labeled BMP-2 was used to observe the distribution of exogenous BMP-2 in tissues. Micro-CT was used to measure the microscopic parameters of tooth displacement, trabecular bone and root absorption volume. Three different histological methods were used to observe the changes of tissue remodeling, and then the number of osteoclasts and the content of collagen fibers were calculated.Results: Compared with the blank control group, BMP-2 injection reduced the movement distance and increased the collagen fiber content and bone mass (p &lt; 0.01). There was no significant difference in tooth movement distance, BV/TV ratio and BMD between injection sites in unilateral injection group (p &gt; 0.05). In the case of bilateral injection of BMP-2, the osteogenesis is enhanced. Unilateral injection of BMP-2 did not promote root resorption, but double injection showed root resorption (p &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: Our study does show that the osteogenesis of BMP-2 is dose-dependent rather than site-dependent when a certain amount of BMP-2 is applied around orthodontic teeth. Local application of BMP-2 around orthodontic teeth in an appropriate way can enhance bone mass and tooth anchorage without increasing the risk of root absorption volume. However, high levels of BMP-2 may cause aggressive root resorption. These findings are of great significance, that is, BMP-2 is an effective target for regulating orthodontic tooth movement.
Association of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, GSTM1 gene polymorphisms, smoking and the risk of lung carcinogenesis: A two-step Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Yijun , Yang Qiongling , Zheng Lingzhen 
Published: April 2023

Aim: We aimed to examine the association of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, smoking, and the GSTM1 gene in the risk of lung carcinogenesis. The two-step Mendelian randomization will reveal evidence supporting the association of the exposure and mediators with the resulting outcome.Methods: In step 1, we estimated the impact of smoking exposure on lung carcinogenesis and programmed cell death. Our study involved a total of 500,000 patients of European ancestry, from whom we obtained genotype imputation information. Specifically, we genotyped two arrays: the UK Biobank Axiom (UKBB) which accounted for 95% of marker content, and the UK BiLIEVE Axiom (UKBL). This allowed us to unmask the association between smoking exposure and the incidence of lung carcinogenesis. In step 2, we further examined the effects of smoking on oxidative stress, programmed cell death, and the incidence of lung carcinogenesis.Results: Different outcomes emerged from the two-step Mendelian randomization. The GSTM1 gene variant was found to be critical in the development of lung carcinogenesis, as its deletion or deficiency can induce the condition. A GWAS study on participant information obtained from the UK Biobank revealed that smoking interferes with the GSTM1 gene, causing programmed cell death in the lungs and ultimately leading to lung carcinogenesis. The relative risk of developing lung carcinogenesis associated with oxidative stress was significantly high among current smokers (a hazard ratio of 17.8, 95% confidence interval of 12.2–26.0) and heavy smokers (a hazard ratio of 16.6 and a 95% confidence interval of 13.6–20.3) compared to individuals who never smoked. The GSTM1 gene polymorphism was found to be 0.006 among participants who have never smoked, &lt;0.001 among ever-smokers, and 0.002 and &lt;0.001 among current and former smokers, respectively.We compared the effect of smoking within two particular time frames, 6 years and 55 years, and found that smoking’s impact on the GSTM1 gene was highest among participants who were 55 years old. The genetic risk peaked among individuals aged 50 years and above (PRS of at least 80%).Conclusion: Exposure to smoking is a significant factor in developing lung carcinogenesis, as it is associated with programmed cell death and other mediators involved in the condition. Oxidative stress caused by smoking is also a key mechanism in lung carcinogenesis. The results of the present study highlight the association between oxidative stress, programmed cell death, and the GSTM1 gene in the development of lung carcinogenesis.
Tracking perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in daily life: a double-downward spiral process
Authors: Feng Guo , Xu Xiaxia , Lei Jiawei 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionPrevious studies using retrospective questionnaires have suggested a complex relationship between perceived stress and related negative emotions and emphasized their importance in mental health. However, how daily perceived stress, anxiety, and depression interact dynamically in a natural context remains largely unexplored.MethodsThis study conducted a longitudinal survey that applied experience sampling methodology to data from 141 Chinese college students (58% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 1.63 years).ResultsThe hierarchical linear models confirmed that daily perceived stress and negative emotions (i.e., perceived depression and anxiety) could reciprocally reinforce one another with the characteristic dynamics of a cognitive–emotional downward spiral. Additionally, anxiety and depression could further circularly aggravate each other imminently. These two intertwined downward-spiral processes constitute a double-downward-spiral model.DiscussionThe findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactive mechanisms underlying perceived stress and its related negative emotions in everyday life and highlight the significance of early emotion regulation and stress relief in healthy people.
Association between maternal parenting styles and behavioral problems in children with ASD: Moderating effect of maternal autistic traits
Authors: Lin Xiujin , Su Xi , Huang Saijun , Liu Zhilin , Yu Hong , Wang Xin , Lin Lizi , Cao Muqing , Li Xiuhong , Jing Jin 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk of experiencing externalizing and internalizing problems. This study aimed to reveal how maternal parenting styles and autistic traits influence behavioral problems in children with ASD.MethodsThis study recruited 70 2–5 years children with ASD and 98 typically developing (TD) children. The Parental Behavior Inventory (PBI) and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) were used to collect the maternal parenting styles and autistic traits, respectively. The children’s behavioral problems were reported by the mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were used to determine whether maternal autistic traits moderated the association between parenting style and behavioral problems in the children.ResultsCompared to TD children, children with ASD exhibited more severe externalizing and internalizing problems (t = 4.85, p &lt; 0.01). The ASD group scored lower in the maternal supportive/engaged parenting style than the TD group (t = 3.20, p &lt; 0.01). In the TD group, the maternal AQ attention switching domain was positively correlated with internalizing problems in the children (β = 0.30, p = 0.03). In the ASD group, hostile/coercive parenting style was significantly correlated with externalizing problems in the children (β = 0.30, p = 0.02), whereas maternal AQ attention switching domain was negatively correlated with externalizing problems (β = −0.35, p = 0.02). Moreover, the maternal AQ attention switching domain moderated the association between hostile/coercive parenting style and children’s externalizing problems (β = 0.33, p = 0.04).ConclusionAmong ASD children, a hostile/coercive parenting style can increase the risks of children’s externalizing problems, especially in the context of high levels of maternal attention-switching problems. Hence, the current study has important implications for the clinical practice of early family-level interventions for children with ASD.
Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status
Authors: Chuang Hai-Hua , Cherng Wen-Jin , Lin Chih-Hung , Lee Li-Ang , Hsu Kuang-Hung , Lin Rong-Ho 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPediatric hypertension contributes to adulthood hypertension and target organ damage. Obesity is a well-known predictor for pediatric hypertension; however, the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure (BP) is unclear among children. This study aimed to compare the differences in demographics, anthropometrics, and physical fitness across BP subgroups and investigate whether physical fitness was related to pediatric hypertension independent of weight status.MethodsThis quantitative, cross-sectional study investigated demographic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and BP measures among 360 healthy school-aged children. Continuous variables were compared across BP subgroups with the one-way analysis of variance. Mediation and moderation analyses were used to explore the mechanism. Multivariable regression models were used to assess independent associations for hypertension.ResultsThere were 177 (49.2%), 37 (10.3%), and 146 (40.6%) children in the normotensive, elevated BP, and hypertensive subgroups, respectively. The hypertensive subgroup had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio percentiles and performed worse in 800-m run, standing long jump (SLJ), and 1-min sit-ups than the normotensive subgroup. Furthermore, the 800-m run percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p &lt; 0.001) and sit and reach percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p &lt; 0.001) mediated the relationship between the BMI percentile and systolic BP percentile; the SLJ percentile was directly associated with the diastolic BP percentile (β,−0.197, 95% confidence interval,−0.298−0.097; p &lt; 0.001). The parsimonious model of multivariable regression models revealed that the SLJ percentile (adjusted exp (β), 0.992, 95% confidence interval, 0.985–0.999; p = 0.042) and BMI percentile (adjusted exp (β), 1.024, 95% confidence interval, 1.016–1.032; p &lt; 0.001) were two independent predictors for pediatric hypertension.ConclusionPhysical fitness mediates the relationship between anthropometric and BP measures. The SLJ percentile is associated with pediatric hypertension independent of the BMI percentile. Proactive screening and health promotion for not only healthy weight status but also good physical fitness may be beneficial for BP control among school-aged students.
Impact of community care services on the health of older adults: evidence from China
Authors: Ma Wenjing , Shen Zheng 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThe rapid growth in the population of older adults has put tremendous pressure on medical and social services in countries including China. Community care services are a feasible solution for promoting healthy aging in developing countries. This study investigated the association between community care services and the health of older adults in China.MethodUsing nationally representative survey data from China, consisting of four waves conducted in 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014, a balanced panel dataset was constructed using a sample of 4,700 older adults (33.1% aged 80 years or older, 51.0% residing in rural areas, and 48.8% women). We employed linear regression models with time-fixed effects and instrumental variable approaches to estimate the effect of community care services on the health of older adults, as well as the differences in these effects across subgroups.ResultsThe results showed that community care services lead to a significant improvement in both the objective and subjective health and wellbeing of older adults. Among the various service offerings, spiritual recreation services led to a significant increase in both objective and subjective health scores, while medical care services significantly improved wellbeing. This suggests a varied effect of subdivided service types. Further evidence suggests that spiritual recreation services have a significant health-enhancing effect on multiple groups of older adults, and the effect of medical care services is more effective for those living in rural areas, women, and those who are older than 80 years (all p &lt; 0.05).DiscussionFew studies have examined the impact of community care services on the health of older adults in developing countries. The findings present important implications for improving the health status of older adults and provide suggestions for establishing a socialized aged care system in China.
Severe Chagas disease in Ecuador: a countrywide geodemographic epidemiological analysis from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Vásconez-González Jorge , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S. , Fernandez-Naranjo Raul , Gamez-Rivera Esteban , Tello-De-la-Torre Andrea , Guerrero-Castillo Galo S. , Ruiz-Sosa Carlos , Ortiz-Prado Esteban 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundChagas disease is a neglected and often forgotten tropical disease caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite can be transmitted through the direct contact of human skin with feces and urine of the triatomine insect. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 6–7 million people are infected worldwide, killing at least 14,000 every year. The disease has been reported in 20 of the 24 provinces of Ecuador, with El Oro, Guayas, and Loja being the most affected.MethodologyWe analyzed the morbidity and mortality rates of severe Chagas disease in Ecuador on a nationwide, population-based level. Hospitalization cases and deaths were also examined based on altitude, including low (&lt; 2,500 m) and high (&gt; 2,500 m) altitudes, according to the International Society. Data was retrieved from the National Institute of Statistics and Census hospital admissions and in-hospital mortality databases from 2011 to 2021.ResultsA total of 118 patients have been hospitalized in Ecuador since 2011 due to Chagas disease. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 69.4% (N = 82). Men have a higher incidence rate (4.8/1,000,000) than women, although women have a significantly higher mortality rate than men (6.9/1,000,000).ConclusionChagas disease is a severe parasitic condition that primarily affects rural and poorer areas of Ecuador. Men are more likely to be infected due to differences in work and sociocultural activities. Using average elevation data, we conducted a geodemographic analysis to assess incidence rates by altitude. Our findings indicate that the disease is more common at low and moderate altitudes, but recent increases in cases at higher altitudes suggest that environmental changes, such as global warming, could be driving the proliferation of disease-carrying vectors in previously unaffected areas.
Implementing real-time immunometabolic assays and immune cell profiling to evaluate systemic immune response variations to Eimeria challenge in three novel layer genetic lines
Authors: Fries-Craft Krysten , Lamont Susan J. , Bobeck Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionEvaluating differences in immune responses to Eimeria spp. between poultry genetic lines could be valuable for understanding favorable traits to address coccidiosis, a costly poultry disease. The objective was to compare peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immunometabolism and composition during Eimeria challenge in three distinct and highly inbred genetic lines; Leghorn Ghs6, Leghorn Ghs13, and Fayoumi M5.1.MethodsAt hatch, 180 chicks (60/ line) were placed in wire-floor cages (10 chicks/cage) and fed a commercial diet. Baseline PBMC were isolated on d21 (10 chicks/line) and 25 chicks/line were inoculated with 10X Merck CocciVac®-B52 (Kenilworth, NJ), creating 6 genetic line × Eimeria groups total. Chicks were euthanized on 1, 3, 7, and 10d post-inoculation (pi; 5 chicks/ line × Eimeria group) for PBMC isolation with body weight and feed intake recorded throughout. Immunometabolic assays to determine PBMC ATP production profiles and glycolytic activity were implemented along with flow cytometric immune cell profiling. Genetic line × Eimeria challenge, and line´challenge fixed effects were analyzed using the MIXED procedure (SAS 9.4; P ≤ 0.05).Results and DiscussionBefore inoculation, M5.1 chicks had 14.4-25.4% greater average daily gain (ADG) with 19.0-63.6% increased monocyte/macrophage+, Bu-1+ B cell, and CD3+ T cell populations compared to both Ghs lines (P &lt; 0.0001) but similar immunometabolic phenotype. The Eimeria main effect reduced ADG by 61.3% from 3–7dpi (P = 0.009) except in M5.1 chicks, where no ADG difference due to challenge was found. At 3dpi, Eimeria-challenged M5.1 chicks had 28.9 and 33.2% reduced PBMC CD3+ T cells and CD3+CD8α+ cytotoxic T cells than unchallenged chicks, suggesting early and preferential recruitment from systemic circulation to tissues local to Eimeria challenge (i.e., intestine; P ≤ 0.01). Both Ghs lines displayed 46.4–49.8% T cell reductions at 10dpi with 16.5–58.9% recruitment favoring underlying CD3+CD4+ helper T cells. Immunometabolic responses in Eimeria-challenged Ghs6 and Ghs13 chicks were characterized by a 24.0–31.8% greater proportion of ATP from glycolysis compared to unchallenged counterparts at 10dpi (P = 0.04). These results suggest that variable T cell subtype recruitment timelines in addition to altered systemic immunometabolic requirements may work synergistically to determine favorable immune responses to Eimeria challenge.
Plastid Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Ligusticopsis (Apiaceae, Angiosperms)
Authors: Tian Rongming , Aou Xueyimu , Song Boni , Li Zixuan , He Xingjin , Zhou Songdong 
Published: April 2023

Ligusticopsis litangensis is identified and described as a cryptic species from Sichuan Province, China. Although the distribution of this cryptic species overlaps with that of Ligusticopsis capillacea and Ligusticopsis dielsiana, the morphological boundaries between them are explicit and have obviously distinguishable characters. The main distinguishing features of the cryptic species are as follows: long conical multi-branched roots, very short pedicels in compound umbels, unequal rays, oblong-globose fruits, 1–2 vittae per furrow and 3–4 vittae on the commissure. The above-mentioned features differ somewhat from other species within the genus Ligusticopsis, but generally coincide with the morphological boundaries defined for the genus Ligusticopsis. To determine the taxonomic position of L. litangensis, we sequenced and assembled the plastomes of L. litangensis and compared them with the plastomes of 11 other species of the genus Ligusticopsis. Notably, both phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences and the complete chloroplast genome robustly supported that three accessions of L. litangensis are monophyletic clade and then nested in Ligusticopsis genus. Moreover, the plastid genomes of 12 Ligusticopsis species, including the new species, were highly conserved in terms of gene order, gene content, codon bias, IR boundaries and SSR content. Overall, the integration of morphological, comparative genomic and phylogenetic evidence indicates that Ligusticopsis litangensis actually represents a new species.
Mise en scène juridique et liturgique autour de l’autel et des reliques de l’abbaye de Moissac : la politique de l’abbé Ansquitil (1085-1115) au travers des actes
Authors: Sugizaki Taiichirō 
Published: April 2023

Montaje jurídico y litúrgico en torno al altar y a las reliquias de la abadía de Moissac : la política del abad Ansquitil (1085-1115) por medio de las actas.
Este artículo evidencia el uso del santuario como lugar sagrado en la política de la abadía de Moissac en los siglos XII y XIII, o sea en el momento de su apogeo, sobre todo con el abad Ansquitil (1085-1115). El estudio de los testimonios de ese montaje jurídico y litúrgico en torno al altar que nos proporcionan las actas de Moissac, sobre todo los gestos litúrgicos para confirmar un contrato, muestra que Ansquitil ha intentado ritualizar este acto jurídico y lo ha escenificado de un modo propio de Moissac, diferente del de Cluny. Valiéndose de la autoridad del altar consagrado por el papa Urbano II en 1096, ha utilizado esos rituales no solo para asentar su legitimidad (después del conflicto con su antecesor Hunaud que había sido revocado) sino también para limitar el poder de los abades seculares y afirmar la supremacía del santuario.