bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocyte and Neutrophil Adhesion Molecule Expression During Acute Hyperglycemia and After Antioxidant Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes and Control Patients
Authors: Sampson M.J. , Davies I.R. , Brown J.C. , Ivory K. , Hughes D.A. 
Published: July 2002

Objective—We hypothesized that acute hyperglycemia (an independent cardiovascular risk factor) increases the expression of proatherogenic leukocyte adhesion molecule in type 2 diabetes and controls and that the expression of these adhesion molecules would be antioxidant sensitive.Methods and Results—Twenty-three type 2 diabetes patients and 13 control patients underwent two oral glucose tolerance tests 14 days apart and took placebo or 800 IU daily of oral alpha tocopherol between tests. Monocyte and neutrophil expression of adhesion molecules Mac-1, LFA-1 and 3, ICAM-1, and VLA-4 were measured at 0, 120, and 240 minutes by using laser flow cytometry. Baseline adhesion molecule expression did not differ between groups, but there was a rapid, highly significant increase (P<0.0001) in the intensity of monocyte Mac-1 expression after a glucose load in both groups. Alpha-tocopherol supplementation reduced only Mac-1 expression in the diabetes group (P=0.03).Conclusions—Acute glycemic excursions of any degree cause highly significant, rapid increases in monocyte Mac-1 expression in type 2 diabetes patients and controls. Mac-1 mediates leukocyte vascular infiltration and is prothrombotic. These data suggest a mechanism for the link between glycemic excursions and increased vascular event rates.
The Response of Left Temporal Cortex to Sentences
Authors: Vandenberghe R. , Nobre A. C. , Price C. J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The meaning of a sentence differs from the sum of the meanings of its constituents. Left anterior temporal cortex responds to sentences more strongly than to unconnected words. We hypothesized that the anterior temporal response to sentences is due to this difference in meaning (compositional semantics). Using positron emission tomography (PET), we studied four experimental conditions (2 × 2 factorial design): In one condition, subjects read normal sentences. In a second condition, they read grammatically correct sentences containing numerous semantic violations (semantically random sentences). In a third condition, we scrambled the word order within the normal sentences, and, in a fourth condition, the word order was scrambled within the semantically random sentences. The left anterior temporal pole responded strongly to sentences compared to scrambled versions of sentences. A similar although weaker response occurred in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus and the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. A subset of voxels within the left anterior temporal pole responded more to semantically random sentences and their scrambled versions than to normal sentences and the corresponding scrambled versions (main effect of semantic randomness). Finally, the grammatical and the semantic factor interacted in a subset of voxels within the anterior temporal pole: Activity was higher when subjects read normal sentences compared to their scrambled versions but not for semantically random sentences compared to their corresponding scrambled versions. The effects of grammar and meaning and, most importantly, the interaction between grammatical and semantic factors are compatible with the hypothesis that the left anterior temporal pole contributes to the composition of sentence meaning.
Perceptual Priming Versus Explicit Memory: Dissociable Neural Correlates at Encoding
Authors: Schott Björn , Richardson-Klavehn Alan , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Düzel Emrah 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
We addressed the hypothesis that perceptual priming and explicit memory have distinct neural correlates at encoding. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants studied visually presented words at deep versus shallow levels of processing (LOPs). The ERPs were sorted by whether or not participants later used studied words as completions to three-letter word stems in an intentional memory test, and by whether or not they indicated that these completions were remembered from the study list. Study trials from which words were later used and not remembered (primed trials) and study trials from which words were later used and remembered (remembered trials) were compared to study trials from which words were later not used (forgotten trials), in order to measure the ERP difference associated with later memory (DM effect). Primed trials involved an early (200–450 msec) centroparietal negative-going DM effect. Remembered trials involved a late (900–1200 msec) right frontal, positive-going DM effect regardless of LOP, as well as an earlier (600–800 msec) central, positive-going DM effect during shallow study processing only. All three DM effects differed topographically, and, in terms of their onset or duration, from the extended (600–1200 msec) fronto-central, positive-going shift for deep compared with shallow study processing. The results provide the first clear evidence that perceptual priming and explicit memory have distinct neural correlates at encoding, consistent with Tulving and Schacter's (1990) distinction between brain systems concerned with perceptual representation versus semantic and episodic memory. They also shed additional light on encoding processes associated with later explicit memory, by suggesting that brain processes influenced by LOP set the stage for other, at least partially separable, brain processes that are more directly related to encoding success.
Cities and Industrial Symbiosis: Some Historical Perspectives and Policy Implications
Authors: Desrochers Pierre 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe exchange of wastes, by‐products, and energy among closely situated firms in the Danish city of Kalundborg has become the impetus to and main template for the movement to plan ecoindustrial parks. In recent years, however, similar by‐product exchange patterns have been observed in other regions of Europe and North America. Evidence also indicates that cities have historically played an important role in facilitating the creation of recycling linkages between different industries. If Kalundborg and other newly documented cases of localized interfirm recycling linkages are but contemporary manifestations of much older processes, then what are the policy implications for current attempts to plan eco‐industrial parks?This article explores this issue by looking at the economic incentives that have always led to the formation of cities and interfirm recycling linkages at both the local and interregional levels. A critique of current interpretations and policy prescriptions based on the Kalundborg case is then offered. I argue that current attempts to foster the development of eco‐industrial parks and eco‐industrial networks are too narrow in their geographical scope, that public planning is unlikely to prove more efficient than private initiatives, and that perhaps the most important lesson to be learned from Kalundborg is thevalue of a flexible regulatory framework.
COPPER MONEY IN LATE MAMLUK CAIRO: CHAOS OR CONTROL?
Authors: Meloy John 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the copper money system of the Late Mamluk period (1468-1517) using numismatic and textual evidence from Cairo. Numismatic evidence is associated with contemporary chronicle reports of recoinages and devaluations of the copper currency, which serves to explain how the various issues of copper money (fulūs) were issued and how they related to each other. This investigation provides evidence for the dating of one undated coin type, explains the function of the variety of types in the copper coinage, and establishes the basis for determining the monetary policy of the period and the public responses to that policy. Cet article est consacré au système monétaire de cuivre de l'époque mamelouke tardive (1468-1517), étudié à travers des sources numismatiques et des textes du Caire. La documentation numismatique est ainsi mise en relation avec des chroniques contemporaines faisant état des refrappes et des dévaluations de la monnaie de cuivre, ce qui permet d'expliquer dans quelles conditions il a été procédé aux diverses émissions de monnaie de cuivre (fulūs) et comment celles-ci sont liées les unes aux autres. Cette étude permet de dater un type monétaire non daté, explique la fonction de la variété des types au sein du monnayage de cuivre et établit les fondements servant à déterminer la politique monétaire de la période étudiée et les réactions du public à cette politique.
POPULATION GROWTH AND MARITIME PROSPERITY: THE CASE OF CH'ÜAN-CHOU IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE, 946-1368
Authors: So Sufumi , So Billy 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between demographic changes and maritime prosperity in eight prefectures on China's coast during the Sung and Yuan dynasties, with Ch'üan-chou as the focus of discussion. Three sets of rank-order data on demographic patterns and degrees of maritime prosperity in these prefectures were generated and subjected to a unique statistical technique, dual scaling. The results contradict the widely held view that there was a positive correlation between demographic changes and maritime prosperity in early modern China in general and in the Sung-Yuan Ch'üan-chou in particular. Cet article porte sur le rapport entre l'évolution démographique et la prospérite maritime des huit préfectures côtières chinoises sous les dynasties de Song et de Yuan, avec Ch'üan-chou comme le centre de notre analyse. Les trois ensembles de données classifiées sur la répartition démographique et sur le niveau de prospérite maritime des dites préfectures ont été constitués et puis soumis à l'unique technique statistique utilisée - dual scaling. Les résultats contredisent le point de vue répandu qui voit une corrélation positive entre les changements démographiques et la prospérite maritime au début de l'ére moderne chinoise en général, et à Ch'üan-chou sous les dynasties Song et Yuan en particulier.
Civil Disobedience: A Case Study in Factors of Effectiveness
Authors: Dillard Courtney 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBetween 1989 and 1998, The Fund for Animals organized protests and acts of civil disobedience against the largest pigeon shoot in this country. During this long campaign, The Fund used a variety of approaches to argue for its position. This article focuses on two distinct enactments of civil disobedience at the Hegins shoot. Through an historical comparative analysis, the article describes the acts of civil disobedience and the context within which they took place for both 1992 and 1996. The article focuses on audience reaction, including media representatives, in order to discern why onlookers may have found one instance of civil disobedience more compelling than another. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of civil disobedience may be determined in part by the way it is enacted. Specifically, civil disobedience is more persuasive when enacted in clearly nonviolent/non-threatening ways and when participants demonstrate not only a willingness to suffer for their beliefs but also an interest in communicating that suffering to onlookers.
ESAU, TAMAR, AND JOSEPH: CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING INNER-BIBLICAL ALLUSIONS
Authors: Noble Paul 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAlthough the importance of inner-biblical allusion is now widely recognised, there is still some uncertainty about the criteria by which genuine allusions may be distinguished from, say, merely fortuitous resemblances. The present article tries to illuminate these issues through a study of Genesis xxxviii. Since there are numerous individual similarities between this chapter and the Succession Narrative, some scholars have claimed (by an argument of cumulative probabilities) that one story is intentionally alluding to the other. This method of identifying allusions, however, is here rejected - both because of difficulties in carrying it through consistently and non-arbitrarily, and also because it would lead to an implausible plurality of further supposed-allusions. Instead, a methodology based upon R. Alter's notion of a type-scene is proposed, by which allusion is discovered through identifying shared patterns of interconnected resemblances. Applying this methodology also to Genesis xxxviii, it is argued both that this text makes numerous allusions to the stories of Jacob and Joseph, and that recognising these allusions adds very considerably to our understanding of all three stories.
Proposed Core Outcomes After Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Taneri Petek Eylul , Biesty Linda , Kirkham Jamie J. , Molloy Eleanor J. , Polin Richard A. , Branagan Aoife , Kawaza Kondwani , Daly Mandy , Wynn James L. , Nagy Bonnard Lívia , Quirke Fiona A. , Kissoon Niranjan , Ohaja Magdalena , Bazilio Kateregga , Giannoni Eric , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Suguitani Denise , Strunk Tobias , Stoll Barbara J. , Devane Declan 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceSepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality. There is heterogeneity in the outcomes measured and reported in studies of neonatal sepsis. To address this challenge, a core outcome set (COS) for research on neonatal sepsis was needed.ObjectiveThe Neonatal Sepsis Core Outcome Set (NESCOS) project aims to develop a COS for research evaluating the effectiveness of neonatal sepsis treatments.Evidence ReviewFor this consensus statement, the research team obtained ethics approval and used a 4-stage process: (1) a systematic review of qualitative studies, (2) a real-time Delphi (RTD) survey to identify important outcomes for consensus meetings, (3) consensus meetings to finalize the COS, and (4) dissemination of the findings. The study was conducted from May 2, 2022, to October 27, 2023. The steering group and project participants consisted of health care workers, researchers, academics, parents, and parent representatives from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. An RTD survey and consensus meetings were conducted, with measures including a 9-point Likert scale rating (where 1 indicated not at all important and 9 indicated critically important) for outcome importance and a minimum 80% agreement threshold among stakeholders for final COS inclusion. The systematic review identified 19 outcomes, which were combined with outcomes from previous systematic reviews of clinical trials.FindingsThe RTD survey included 306 participants, leading to the identification of 55 outcomes for further discussion in consensus meetings. The finalized COS comprises 9 outcomes: all-cause mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, brain injury on imaging, neurologic status at discharge, escalation of antimicrobial therapy, central nervous system infections, multiorgan dysfunction, neurodevelopmental impairment, and quality of life of parents.Conclusions and RelevanceThis consensus-based COS for research on neonatal sepsis treatments will help standardize the outcomes measured and reported, enhancing the comparability of research findings. Future efforts should focus on establishing standardized and reliable methods for measuring these outcomes.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Use and Outcomes for Children Undergoing Cholecystectomy
Authors: McKie Kerri A. , Moturu Anoosha , Graham Dionne A. , Coleman Melvin , Huang Reiping , Grant Catherine , Saito Jacqueline M. , Hall Bruce L. , Cina Robert A. , Newland Jason G. , Ko Clifford , Rangel Shawn J. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceConsensus guidelines from the Infectious Disease Society of America recommend against antimicrobial prophylaxis in the operative management of uncomplicated cholelithiasis; however, these guidelines were derived entirely from the adult surgical population.ObjectiveTo compare surgical site infection (SSI) outcomes between children undergoing cholecystectomy who received prophylaxis and those who did not.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cohort study using data from 141 hospitals participating in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric. Patients younger than 18 years who underwent cholecystectomy for uncomplicated cholelithiasis from January 2021 to December 2022 were identified. Exclusion criteria included diagnoses of acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis, hematologic disorders, and emergent procedures.ExposureAdministration of prophylactic antibiotics before incision.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were 30-day postoperative SSI and readmission. Propensity score weighting on the likelihood of receiving prophylaxis was used to balance groups on case acuity, duration of surgery, hospital discharge diagnosis, and patient characteristics. The association between outcomes and the use of prophylaxis was estimated using logistic regression models, weighted by the inverse probability of treatment with a random effect by hospital to control for hospital-level clustering. A secondary analysis was performed exploring the association between broad-spectrum prophylaxis and outcomes.ResultsOf 2234 children who met criteria for inclusion (median age, 15.3 years; 19.7% male [399 of 2025]), 2025 (90.6%) received prophylaxis (utilization rates ranged from 0% to 100% among hospitals). Cefazolin was the most commonly used antibiotic (69.2% [1401 of 2025]), and 559 of 2025 patients (27.6%) received extended-spectrum prophylaxis (compared with cefazolin). In the propensity-weighted cohort, SSI rates were lower for children who received prophylaxis compared with those who did not (18.0 of 2016 [0.9%] vs 7.8 of 212 [3.7%]; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.70), and rates were similar between children receiving cefazolin and those receiving more extended-spectrum antibiotics in a secondary propensity-weighted analysis (13.9 of 1399 [1.0%] vs 2.9 of 558 [0.5%]; AOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.15-1.95).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study support prophylaxis use for children undergoing nonemergent cholecystectomy; however, use of extended-spectrum antibiotics was not associated with superior outcomes compared with cefazolin alone. Opportunities to optimize infection prevention or antimicrobial stewardship were identified in more than one-third of all children undergoing cholecystectomy.
A Global Framework for Adult Education: The Marrakech Framework for Action
Authors: Rhodes Christy M. , ÓTuama Séamus 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the summer of 2022, UNESCO held CONFINTEA VII, a gathering of over 140 governmental delegations with the dual purpose of examining the current state of adult learning across the world and establishing a set of comprehensive goals for the next 12 years for the field of adult education. Held regularly since 1949, the International Conference on Adult Education (CONFINTEA) provides an agenda relevant to adult educators on a global scale. CONFINTEA VII's declaration, the Marrakech Framework for Action (MFA) is grounded in principles, policies, and action recommendations to achieve UNESCO's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development goals and was unanimously ratified by participating delegations. This article provides an outline of the priority areas and action recommendations of the MFA as a prologue to this special issue of New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, “Global Trends in Adult Education.”
Fault‐Tolerant Control of BLDC Motors: Fault‐Tolerant Control Methodology for Hall‐Effect Sensor Fault Detection and Energy Efficiency Optimization
Authors: Ullah Asad , Hongfei Hu , Xu Yimei , Khatoon Amna , Ahmad Ishfaq 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTElectrical motors' effectiveness, optimization, and dependability have led to significant developments in the industrial revolution. Rotor commutation is essential for smooth operation and is done by energizing the proper rotor. The study introduces an innovative methodology for fault‐tolerant control of Hall‐Effect sensors governing brushless direct current (BLDC) motors. The implemented result validates the substantial saving of energy. The implementation here is unique and effective because the BLDC motor will be operated even if there is a fault in the Hall‐Effect sensor. It will run smoothly and efficiently unless the two sensor failures are detected. This method addresses situations where the signal from a Hall Effect sensor stays consistently low or high for short periods. This developed system is mature enough to handle the subsystem when the data from the sensor detects faults, identifies faulty signals, and creates a replacement signal. The proposed research work uses MATLAB Simulink and the TI‐DSP (TMS320F2812) KIT to show the high‐speed simulation. The simulation results were validated through different motor speeds from 3500 to 2000 rpm. Drawbacks like cost and reliability have been overcome in the implemented research work. In the implemented research work, the simulation outcome shows approximately 10% better results in generating more torque than the existing methods using sinusoidal windings.
Directly Printed 3D Soft Microwave Plasmonic Enhanced‐Q Resonators by Decoupling from Lossy Media
Authors: Jeong Hoon Yeub , Jeong Jonghyun , Choi Jun‐Chan , Kim Heesuk , Han Jae‐Hoon , Chung Seungjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSoft electronic components are essential building blocks for realizing form‐factor‐free applications; however, most designs are confined to 2D or 2.5D structures due to challenges in maintaining 3D structural integrity. This limitation is particularly critical for electromagnetic devices, such as resonators, where dielectric losses from elastomeric substrates severely hinder high‐performance functionality. Here, directly printed 3D electromagnetic soft plasmonic enhanced‐quality(Q) factor resonators are proposed, using highly conductive composites. By incorporating an immiscible solvent into an elastomer matrix, emulsion phases are formed that significantly enhance the storage modulus, enabling the fabrication of 3D‐printed structures while improving their electrical conductivity. 3D microwave plasmonic resonators with a high degree of design freedom, such as pillars and hooks are demonstrated. These structures exhibit improved resistance to dielectric interference by leveraging the resonance in lossless air. Moreover, integrating a coplanar ground plane further decouples the resonators from lossy substrates, resulting in a 3.4‐fold enhancement in the Q‐factor (octupole mode) compared to 2D resonators. This improvement enables stable operation on high‐permittivity surfaces, such as human skin. Additionally, a single 3D resonator demonstrates wireless deformation‐sensing capabilities, facilitating the simultaneous detection of strain amplitude and orientation. This result can pave the way for advanced sensing applications in soft electronics.