bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling multiple sources of influence: Longitudinal associations among perceived parent, closest friend, and popular peer injunctive norms and adolescent substance use
Authors: Field Nathan H. , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProspective associations over a 5‐year period were examined among perceived parent, closest friend, and popular peer injunctive norms and the onset and frequency of adolescent substance use within a diverse (53% female, 45.5% White non‐Hispanic, 22.3% Hispanic, 21.5% Black, 1% Asian, and 6.4% another race) sample of 868 seventh‐ and eighth‐grade adolescents from 2012 to 2017. Analyses revealed adolescents' substance use norms were more lenient than perceptions of their parents' and stricter than perceptions of their closest friends'. Stricter perceptions of parent and closest friend norms, but not popular peer norms, were significantly associated with a later onset of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use, and the magnitude of the effect of each source' on later substance use varied across development.
Dragged kicking and screaming: Agency and violence for children entering secure accommodation
Authors: Lyttleton‐Smith Jen , Bayfield Hannah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChildren entering secure accommodation, also known as ‘secure care’, are prevented from exercising free choice over most aspects of everyday life. This paper focuses on the relationship between agency and violence during transference to and early time in secure accommodation. Sharing interview extracts from 11 young people with experience of secure care as children, we explore how the routine processes of ‘suppressing’ children's agency supports the emergence of violence. We argue that the manner of transfer to secure accommodation creates a violent encounter that forces children's emotion and agency to redirect and intensify onto the self and others as further violence.
Enabling Children's participation: Putting the ‘good dialogues’ model into practice
Authors: Eriksson Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA growing interest in children's participation has led to an increased need for methods for communicating with children. Empirical knowledge on ways to secure children's participation in encounters with welfare professionals and in decisions regarding their life is, however, scarce. One example of a practice model intended to enable children's participation is ‘Good Dialogues’. Presenting results from an evaluation study of the feasibility and practical use of the Good Dialogues model, this article explores the ways in which practitioners manage to put the agenda of child‐centred and child‐guided dialogues with children underpinning this model into practice. The ways in which children's participation is undermined are also discussed as well as the need for further knowledge development.
Creating a high‐quality wool‐oriented Turkish merino herd and investigation of mechanical and dyeability properties of fabrics produced from Turkish merino in comparison with Australian merino
Authors: Atav Rıza , Buğdaycı Bürhan , Şen Ayşe , Ergünay Uğur , Gürkan Ünal Pelin , Özkan Ünal Emel , Karagöz Gökmen , Işık Raziye , Soysal M. İhsan , Özder Muhittin , Arat Sezen , Eroğlu Büşra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractToday, the need for quality wool suitable for worsted fabric production in the world is mainly met by Australian merino wool. In Turkey, which has a significant sheep population, in addition to domestic breeds, approximately 10% of the total sheep population (around four million head) is composed of merino cross breeds. However, the fleece quality is far from meeting Australian merino wool standards. Therefore, the aim of this study is to ensure a merino herd with high‐quality wool in Turkey. For this aim, by carrying out field studies in the Thrace region of Turkey where Turkish Merino sheep are widely bred, sheep with fleece that can meet the demands of the worsted industry were determined. As a result of field studies in which thousands of sheep were examined, it was determined that 43 female and 10 male sheep had fleece that would meet these standards. Then the breeders of the sheep, which had quality fleece, were persuaded and these sheep were purchased, and “Turkey's wool‐oriented Turkish (Karacabey) Merino Herd” consisting of 30 sheep and three rams was formed in the farm of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University. In the second part of this study, a 100% wool fabric produced by using Australian merino was taken as a reference and it was aimed to produce the same fabric from Turkish merino wool. For this aim, the wool‐oriented Turkish Merino herd, which was bred at the university farm for 1 year, was shorn in May 2022. Then, Turkish and Australian merino wools were first converted into worsted yarn and then into woven fabric. The results of mechanical (tensile strength, pilling, abrasion resistance, felting shrinkage, Hofmann dimensional change, bending stiffness) and dyeability (dye‐uptake, CIE L*a*b* and colour yield (K/S) values; washing, rubbing and light fastness values) properties of fabrics produced from Turkish and Australian merino wool is presented.
Evaluation of cases with hypersensitivity pneumonia: 10 year analysis
Authors: Koyuncu Adem , Sarı Gülden , Şimşek Ceprail 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine the clinical features of hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) cases, diagnostic methods, and related conditions in our hospital, which is a reference clinic in Turkey for chest disease.MethodsThe population of this retrospective cross‐sectional study consists of all hypersensitivity pneumonia patients followed in a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2019. The data of 78 patients were included in the analysis. Data were grouped by source of exposure (occupational, environmental, and cryptogenic) by examining the files of the patients.ResultsOccupational risk factors were detected in 29 (37.2%) of the cases, environmental risk factors were found in 24 (30.8%) cases, neither occupational nor environmental risk factors were detected in 25 (32%) cases, and they were evaluated as cryptogenic. The time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 15.8 ± 26.6 months. The time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was found to be longer in the group with occupational risk factors compared with the other groups and was statistically significant (0.044).ConclusionHP is a immune‐mediated interstitial lung disease induced by repeated exposure to environmental and occupational antigens. Etiological agent can be detected in HP patients by detailed questioning of occupational and environmental exposure that may be associated with the onset of symptoms in cases with suspected HP.
A cross‐sectional study of the prevalence and clinical management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes across the Middle East and Africa (PACT‐MEA): Study design and rationale
Authors: Verma Subodh , Sabbour Hani , Alamuddin Naji , Alawadi Fatheya , Alkandari Hessa , Almahmeed Wael , Assaad‐Khalil Samir H. , Haddad Jihad , Lombard Landman , Malik Rayaz A. , Mashaki Ceyhan Emel , Prasad Preethy , Tombak Gamze , Salek Sam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the epidemiology and clinical management of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (eASCVD) or high/very high ASCVD risk, defined by the 2021 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines, in seven countries in the Middle East and Africa (PACT‐MEA; NCT05317845), and to assess physicians' attitudes and the basis for their decision‐making in the management of these patients.Materials and MethodsPACT‐MEA is a cross‐sectional, observational study undertaken in Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates based on a medical chart review of approximately 3700 patients with T2D in primary and secondary care settings, and a survey of approximately 400 physicians treating patients with T2D.ResultsThe primary and secondary objectives are to determine the prevalence of eASCVD and high/very high ASCVD risk in patients with T2D. Current treatment with cardioprotective antidiabetic medication, the proportion of patients meeting the treatment criteria for reimbursement in the study countries where there is an applicable reimbursement guideline, and physician‐reported factors in clinical decision‐making in T2D management, will also be assessed.ConclusionsThis large cross‐sectional study will establish the estimated prevalence and management of eASCVD and high/very high ASCVD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes across the Middle East and Africa.
Epidemiological characteristics and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in China: A narrative review
Authors: Lu Ran , Liu Ye , Hong Tianpei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimWith industrialization and spread of the westernized lifestyle, the number of people affected by non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is growing rapidly in China; this has become a major public health concern. To better understand the burden and characteristics of NAFLD/NASH in China, we aim to perform a narrative review of the literature published in this field.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a comprehensive electronic search of five English‐language and three Chinese‐language databases, to identify studies regarding NAFLD or NASH published from inception to November 30, 2022. Epidemiological studies of NAFLD/NASH in China were particularly noticed and summarized. We also searched the www.clinicaltrials.gov and www.chictr.org.cn websites for the registered trials on the treatment of the disease led by Chinese investigators or located in China.ResultsThe increasing rate of NAFLD prevalence in China is strikingly high, reaching more than twice that in western countries. The prevalence of NAFLD is nearly 30% of the general Chinese population, making it the leading cause of chronic liver diseases. The prevalence of NAFLD/NASH varies between provinces/regions, age groups, sexes, and individuals with different metabolic profiles. NAFLD co‐exists in many Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. Since 2020, more Chinese studies have used the term metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), emphasizing the underlying metabolic disorders that occur concurrently with this disease. Several clinical trials involving lifestyle interventions, antidiabetic drugs, or traditional Chinese medicines, registered by Chinese investigators, have been completed or are ongoing. Moreover, several innovative targeted therapies developed in China are revolutionizing the treatment of NAFLD/NASH.ConclusionsNAFLD has cast a heavy burden on the Chinese healthcare system. Chinese scholars are making efforts to achieve the optimal management of this disease.
Environment–ichthyofauna relations in a neotropical reservoir through a joint remote sensing/field sampling approach
Authors: Schmitz Marcelo Henrique , dos Santos Natália Carneiro Lacerda , Severi William , Gentil Eduardo , Gomes Luiz Carlos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe damming of rivers for the formation of reservoirs causes a discontinuity in the physical and biological characteristics of the aquatic ecosystem. Changes in processes related to sedimentation and nutrients create a longitudinal gradient in water characteristics and productivity. Both the zonation and the differential distribution of primary production exert a strong influence on the other communities of these ecosystems. We hypothesised that spatiotemporal dynamics of chlorophyll‐a and turbidity, driven by a longitudinal gradient, influence the ichthyofauna distribution in Sobradinho Reservoir. Using field surveys and geospatial tools, we tested the presence of a longitudinal concentration gradient for these variables, and then, its association with fish abundance (total and by trophic guilds). We used field samples between April 2008 and July 2009 and the reflectance data of Landsat 5 bands 2 and 3 to perform interpolations for each variable. The gradient was tested by extracting longitudinal profiles from the interpolation products. We tested the associations between ichthyofauna abundance and chlorophyll‐a and turbidity concentrations using Spearman correlation. Sobradinho exhibited a longitudinal zonation consistent with the typical pattern of large reservoirs. Furthermore, our results highlighted the seasonal instability of this zonation. In the lacustrine zone, fish abundance was associated with seasonal productivity increase, caused by floods, whereas the fluvial zone showed lower abundances in these periods. Despite that, the fluvial zone exhibited higher fish abundance, demonstrating the common pattern for large reservoirs. The presence of favourable characteristics in this zone, such as seasonal flooding and higher environmental heterogeneity, may have corroborated the results.
The effects of age, genotype and diet on hippocampal subfield iron dysregulation and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in an ApoE mouse model
Authors: Black Elisabeth , Rasch Abbey , Wimmer Tyler , Li Alivia , Araujo Amanda , Cieslak Steve , Steed Kevin S. , Adhikari Rajan D. , Wisco Jonathan J. , Hutchinson Bre Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrent theories regarding accumulation of Alzheimer's disease‐related deposits of abnormal intra‐ and extracellular proteins include reactions to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we explored whether age, genotype and inflammation via diet have a greater effect on dysregulatory protein accumulation in any particular subfield of the hippocampus. We stained for ferritin, ferroportin, hyperphosphorylated tau and β‐amyloid proteins in the hippocampal region of Apolipoprotein E2 (ApoE2), ApoE3 or ApoE4 mice fed a control diet or a hypothesized inflammation‐inducing methionine diet and euthanized at 3, 6, 9 or 12 months. We analysed stains based on hippocampal subfield and compared the protein accumulation levels within each group. We found significantly decreased ferritin expression in ApoE4 mice in the CA1 and Hi regions and decreased ferroportin expression in ApoE4 mice in the Hi region. There was also a significant effect on hyperphosphorylated tau protein levels based upon a given mouse genotype and diet interaction. Additionally, there were nonsignificant trends in each hippocampal subfield of increasing ferroportin and hyperphosphorylated tau after 6 months of age and decreasing β‐amyloid and ferritin with age. This study identified that there are changes in iron regulatory molecules based on genotype in the Hi and CA1 regions. Our findings also suggest a diet‐genotype interaction, which affects levels of specific Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in the hippocampus. Additionally, we identified a trend toward increased ability to clear β‐amyloid and decreased ability to clear hyperphosphorylated tau with age in all subfields, in addition to evidence of increasing iron load with time.
Tranexamic acid may promote melanocores clustering in keratinocytes through upregulation of Rab5b
Authors: Hu Yebei , Chen Yi , Zhao Yan , Geng Qingwei , Guan Cuiping , Xu Jinhui , Xie Bo , Song Xiuzu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranexamic acid (TXA) is a promising therapeutic agent in melasma that can act on multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms of melasma. However, it is unclear whether TXA affects melanin in keratinocytes. To explore the effect of TXA on melanocores in keratinocytes. The melanocore‐incorporated keratinocytes were constructed by co‐incubating normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) with melanocores. After being treated with TXA, autophagy‐ and melanin‐related protein expressions were detected. Then, transcriptome sequencing was used to compare the genetic changes in melanocore‐incorporated keratinocytes before and after TXA treatment and further verified the differentially expressed genes. At the same time, the distribution of melanocores in human keratinocytes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. We found that TXA does not promote melanin degradation in primary keratinocytes by inducing autophagy. Protein transport and intracellular protein transport‐related genes were enriched after TXA treatment, and Rab5b was significantly upregulated. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the percentage of melanocores distributed in clusters increased after treatment with TXA, which was reduced after Rab5b silencing. In addition, results suggested that melanocores could colocalize with Rab5b and lysosome‐associated membrane protein1 (LAMP1). Our study found that Rab5b may be involved in the melanocore distribution in keratinocytes. TXA may promote the clustering distribution of endocytic melanocores through upregulation of Rab5b, representing a potential mechanism of TXA treatment against melasma.
Climate mediates roles of pollinator species in plant–pollinator networks
Authors: Saunders Manu E. , Kendall Liam K. , Lanuza Jose B. , Hall Mark A. , Rader Romina , Stavert Jamie R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding how climate conditions influence plant–pollinator interactions at the global scale is crucial to understand how pollinator communities and ecosystem function respond to environmental change. Here, we investigate whether climate drives differences in network roles of the main insect pollinator orders: Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera.LocationGlobal.Time period1968–2020.Major taxa studiedDiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera.MethodsWe collated plant–pollinator networks from 26 countries and territories across the five main Köppen–Geiger climate zones. In total, we compiled data from 101 networks that included >1500 plant species from 167 families and >2800 pollinator species from 163 families. We assessed differences in the composition of plant–pollinator interactions among climate zones using a permutational ANOVA. We calculated standard network metrics for pollinator taxonomic groups and used Bayesian generalized mixed models to test whether climate zone influenced the proportion of pollinator network links and the level of pollinator generalism.ResultsWe found that climate is a strong driver of compositional dissimilarities between plant–pollinator interactions. Relative to other taxa, bees and flies made up the greatest proportion of network links across climate zones. When network size was accounted for, bees were the most generalist pollinator group in the tropics, whereas non‐bee Hymenoptera were the most generalist in arid zones, and syrphid flies were the most generalist in polar networks.Main conclusionsWe provide empirical evidence at the global scale that climate strongly influences the roles of different pollinator taxa within networks. Importantly, non‐bee taxa, particularly flies, play central network roles across most climate zones, despite often being overlooked in pollination research and conservation. Our results identify the need for greater understanding of how global environmental change affects plant–pollinator interactions.
Measuring accountability in interlocal agreements between Indigenous and local governments
Authors: Spicer Zac , Girard Tyler , Nelles Jen , Alcantara Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInterlocal agreements are becoming a popular policy tool for facilitating intergovernmental coordination and cooperation in Canada and the United States. Indigenous and local governments are also turning to these agreements despite long histories of colonialism, exploitation and dispossession by the settler State toward Indigenous communities. To what extent do interlocal agreements between Indigenous and municipal governments require stringent accountability measures to facilitate intergovernmental coordination? Using a hierarchical Bayesian item response theory model, we explore this question by analyzing 317 interlocal agreements between Indigenous and municipal communities in Canada. We find that accountability strength varies significantly across agreements, contrary to our expectation that accountability requirements would be strong across agreements due to the long history of colonialism. We also find that some of the variation may be a function of the policy area addressed by each agreement, although this finding is likely the result of measurement uncertainty in our estimates.
Measuring cancer burden in prostatic needle core biopsies: simplified assessments outperform complex measurements in assessing outcome: evidence to assist pathologist efficiency and minimize datasets
Authors: Berney Daniel M , Finnegan Kier , Chu Kim , Fine Samson W , Varma Murali , Cuzick Jack , Beltran Luis ,   the Transatlantic Prostate Group
Published: February 2023

AimsThe optimal method of measuring cancer extent in prostate cancer (PCa) biopsies is unknown.Methods and ResultsNine hundred eighty‐one men with clinically localised PCa managed conservatively were reviewed with follow up. The number of positive cores (NPC), the Maximum Cancer Length in a core (MCL), Total Cancer Length (TCL), and percentage of positive cores (%+cores) was calculated and univariate and multivariate analysis performed using prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), T‐stage, and Gleason score. The presence of stromal gaps (SG) was recorded. Univariate models were run where SG made a difference to the MCL.All variables showed significant association with PCa death in univariate models. In multivariate models, incorporating PSA, T‐stage, and Gleason score, only %+cores was a significant predictor of outcome, with a 10% increase in %+cores resulting in a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (likelihood‐ratio test P > Χ2 = 0.01). There were 120 patients where SG made a difference to the MCL and a total of 20 events in this group. Including SG, on univariate analysis the median MCL was 10 mm and HR was 1.16 (P = 0.007), not including SG, the median MCL was 6 mm and HR was 1.23 (P = 6.3 × 10−4). Inclusion or exclusion of SG made no significant difference to TCL as a predictor of outcome.ConclusionCancer extent is a strong predictor of PCa death but only %+cores added to the multivariate model. Expressed as a fraction of NPC/total number of cores, this is the simplest method of assessment, which we favour over more complicated methods in nontargeted biopsies.
Combined proliferation and apoptosis index provides better risk stratification in breast cancer
Authors: Ibrahim Asmaa , Toss Michael S , Atallah Nehal M , Al Saleem Mansour , Green Andrew R , Rakha Emad A 
Published: February 2023

AimsBreast cancer (BC) risk stratification is critical for predicting behaviour and guiding management decision‐making. Despite the well‐established prognostic value of cellular proliferation in BC, the interplay between proliferation and apoptosis remains to be defined. In this study, we hypothesised that the combined proliferation and apoptosis indices can provide a more accurate in‐vivo growth rate measure and a precise prognostic predictor.Methods and resultsApoptotic and mitotic figures were counted in whole slide images (WSI) generated from haematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections of 1545 BC cases derived from two well‐defined BC cohorts. Counts were carried out visually within defined areas. There was a significant correlation between mitosis and apoptosis scores. High apoptotic counts were associated with features of aggressive behaviour, including high grade, high pleomorphism score and hormonal receptor negativity. Although the mitotic index (MI) and apoptotic index (AI) were independent prognostic indicators, the prognostic value was synergistically higher when combined. BC patients with a high combined AI and MI had the shortest survival. Replacing the mitosis score with the mitosis–apoptosis index in the Nottingham grading system revealed that the modified grade with the new score had a higher significant association with BC‐specific survival with a higher hazard ratio.ConclusionApoptotic figures count provides additional prognostic value in BC when combined with MI; such a combination can be implemented to assess the behaviour of BC and provides an accurate prognostic indicator. This can be considered when using artificial intelligence algorithms to assess proliferation in BC.