bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Classifier Models for Predicting Sarcopenia in the Elderly Based on Physical Factors
Authors: Kim Jun-hee 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs the elderly population gradually increases, musculoskeletal disorders such as sarcopenia are increasing. Diagnostic techniques such as X-ray, CT, and MRI imaging are used to predict and diagnose sarcopenia, and methods using machine learning are gradually increasing.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to create a model that can predict sarcopenia using physical characteristics and activity-related variables without medical diagnostic equipment such as imaging equipment for the elderly aged 60 years or older.MethodA sarcopenia prediction model was constructed using public data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Models were built using the multi-layer perceptron, XGBoost, LightGBM, and RandomForest algorithms, and the feature importance of the model with the highest accuracy was analyzed through evaluation metrics.ResultThe sarcopenia prediction model built with the LightGBM algorithm showed the highest test accuracy at 0.852. In constructing the LightGBM model, physical characteristics variables such as BMI showed high importance, and activity-related variables were also used in constructing the model.ConclusionThe sarcopenia prediction model composed only of physical characteristics and activity-related factors showed excellent performance, and the use of this model will help predict sarcopenia in the elderly living in communities with insufficient medical resources or difficult access to medical facilities.
Effect of treatment with GLP-1R agonists on the urinary peptidome of T2DM patients
Authors: Lohia Sonnal , Siwy Justyna , Mavrogeorgis Emmanouil , Eder Susanne , Thoeni Stefanie , Mayer Gert , Mischak Harald , Vlahou Antonia , Jankowski Vera 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimType II Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of all DM cases in the world; and is diagnosed with increased levels of blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have established an increased capability to target directly or indirectly six core defects associated with T2DM, while, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these pharmacological effects are not fully known. This exploratory study was conducted to analyze the effect of treatment with GLP-1R agonists on the urinary peptidome of T2DM patients.Material and MethodsUrine samples of thirty-two T2DM patients from the PROVALID study (A Prospective Cohort Study in Patients with T2DM for Validation of Biomarkers) were collected at pre- and post-treatment with GLP-1R agonist drugs, and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS).ResultsIn total, 329 urinary peptides were identified, of which 70 were significantly affected by the GLP-1R agonist treatment; fragmenting from 26 different proteins. The downregulation of MMP proteases, based on the concordant downregulation of urinary collagen peptides with GLP-1R agonist treatment was highlighted in the study. Treatment also resulted in the downregulation of peptides from SERPINA1, APOC3, CD99, CPSF6, CRNN, SERPINA6, HBA2, MB, VGF, PIGR and TTR, many of which were previously found associated with increased kidney and/or vascular damage, indicating beneficial effect of GLP-1R agonists.ConclusionsThe novel findings in this study, indicate potential molecular mechanisms of GLP-1R agonists in the context of management of T2DM and prevention or delaying the progression of its associated diseases.
CREID – A ChemoReceptor-Effector Interaction Database
Authors: Peta Vincent , Hartman Timothy , Aryal Shiva , Gurung Bichar Shrestha , Singh Ram , Hass Samuel , Bomgni Alain , Do Tuyen , Dhiman Saurabh Sudha , Gadhamshetty Venkataramana , Gnimpieba Etienne Z. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ChemoReceptor-Effector Interaction Database (CREID) is a collection of bacterial chemoreceptor and effector protein and interaction data to understand the process that chemoreceptors and effectors play in various environments. Our website includes terms associated with chemosensory pathways to educate users and those involved in collaborative research to help them understand this complex biological network. It includes 2,440 proteins involved in chemoreceptor and effector systems from 7 different bacterial families with 1,996 chemoeffector interactions. It is available athttps://react-creid.bicbioeng.org.Key HighlightsCREID links bacterial chemoreceptors with their associated effectors.Researchers interested in what attracts or repels bacteria can use CREID as a comprehensive source for information.Biosensor developers can leverage CREID to discover better interactions for their applications.CREID reveals knowledge gaps in chemoreceptor-effector interactions for both model and non-model organisms.
UV reflectance in crop remote sensing: Assessing the current state of knowledge and extending research with strawberry cultivars
Authors: Heath Megan , St-Onge David , Hausler Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRemote sensing of spectral reflectance is a crucial parameter in precision agriculture. In particular, the visual color produced from reflected light can be used to determine plant health (VIS-IR) or attract pollinators (Near-UV). However, the UV spectral reflectance studies largely focus on non-crop plants, even though they provide essential information for plant-pollinator interactions.This literature review presents an overview of UV-reflectance in crops, identifies gaps in the literature, and contributes new data based on strawberry cultivars. The study found that most crop spectral reflectance studies relied on lab-based methodologies and examined a wide spectral range (Near UV to IR). Moreover, the plant family distribution largely mirrored global food market trends.Through a spectral comparison of white flowering strawberry cultivars, this study discovered visual differences for pollinators in the Near UV and Blue ranges. The variation in pollinator visibility within strawberry cultivars underscores the importance of considering UV spectral reflectance when developing new crop breeding lines and managing pollinator preferences in agricultural fields.
Diving dinosaurs? Caveats on the use of bone compactness and pFDA for inferring lifestyle
Authors: Myhrvold Nathan P. , Sereno Paul C. , Baumgart Stephanie L. , Vidal Daniel , Fish Frank E. , Henderson Donald M. , Saitta Evan T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeasures of bone compactness in amniote tetrapods of varying lifestyle were used to infer that two spinosaurid dinosaurs (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus,Baryonyx walkeri) were diving “subaqueous foragers,” whereas a third spinosaurid (Suchomimus tenerensis) and other sampled nonavian dinosaurs were non-diving terrestrial feeders entering water only as waders. We outline shortcomings in this analysis that involve bone compactness sampling and measurement, lifestyle categorization, the inclusion and exclusion of taxa in the dataset, and flawed statistical methods and inferences. These many shortcomings undermine the evidence used to conclude that two spinosaurid taxa were avid divers. Bone compactness indices remain a valuable tool for interpretation of lifestyle in extinct species when based on sound dataset composition, robust statistical analysis, and consilience with evidence from functional, biomechanical, or paleoenvironmental considerations.
Cardiological parameters predict mortality and cardiotoxicity in oncological patients
Authors: Romann Sebastian W. , Finke Daniel , Heckmann Markus B. , Hund Hauke , Giannitsis Evangelos , Katus Hugo A. , Frey Norbert , Lehmann Lorenz H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsOncological patients suspected to have the risk for cardiotoxicity, are recommended to be under intensified cardiological surveillance. We aimed to investigate the value of cardiac biomarker and patient-related risk factors (age, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), cardiac function) for the prediction of all-cause mortality (ACM) and development of cardiotoxicity.MethodsBetween 01/2016 to 12/2020, patients with oncological diseases, admitted to the cardio-oncology unit at the University Hospital Heidelberg were included. They were examined by medical history, physical examination, 12-lead-ECG, 2D-echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers (high sensitive Troponin T (hs-cTnT); N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)). Primary endpoint was defined as ACM, secondary endpoint was defined as cardiotoxicity as defined by the European Society of Cardiology.ResultsFrom 1971 included patients, primary endpoint was reached by 490 patients (25.7%) with a median of 363.5 [IQR 121.8, 522.5] days after presentation. Hs-cTnT of ≥7 ng/L (OR 1.82, p < 0.001) and NT-proBNP (OR 1.98, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of ACM, while reduced LVEF was not associated with increased ACM (p=0.85). Secondary endpoint was reached by 182 patients (9.2%) within a median of 793.5 days [IQR 411.2, 1165.0]. Patients with multiple CRF (defined as high-risk, n=886) had an increased risk for cardiotoxicity (n=100/886, 11.3%; HR 1.57, p=0.004). They showed increased baseline values of hs-cTnT (OR 1.60; p=0.006) and NT-proBNP (OR 4.00, p<0.001) and had an increased risk for ACM (OR 1.43; p=0.031).ConclusionsIn cancer patients, accumulation of CRF predetermines cardiotoxicity while increased hs-cTnT levels and NT-proBNP associate with ACM. Therefore, less intense surveillance protocols might be justified in patients with low values of cardiac biomarker and absence of CRF.
Computer Modeling of Bevacizumab Drug Distribution After Intravitreal Injection in Rabbit and Human Eyes
Authors: Chowdhury Jabia M. , Ruiz Eduardo A. Chacin , Ohr Matthew P. , Swindle-Reilly Katelyn E. , Ford Versypt Ashlee N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that causes loss of central vision and has no cure. Wet AMD is the late neovascular form treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. VEGF is the critical driver of wet AMD. One common off-label anti-VEGF drug used in AMD treatment is bevacizumab. Experimental efforts have been made to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of bevacizumab in vitreous and aqueous humor. Still, the quantitative effect of elimination routes and drug concentration in the macula are not well understood. In this work, we developed two spatial models representing rabbit and human vitreous to better understand the PK behavior of bevacizumab. This study explores different cases of drug elimination and the effects of injection location on drug concentration profiles. The models are validated by comparing them with experimental data. Our results suggest that anterior elimination is dominant for bevacizumab clearance from rabbit vitreous, whereas both anterior and posterior elimination have similar importance in drug clearance from the human vitreous. Furthermore, results indicate that drug injections closer to the posterior segment of the vitreous help maintain relevant drug concentrations for longer, improving bevacizumab duration of action in the vitreous. The rabbit and human models predict bevacizumab concentration in the vitreous and fovea, enhancing knowledge and understanding of wet AMD treatment.
Synthesis of water-soluble and gastrointestinal transit-resistant FA-FOS conjugate for targeted delivery to the colon: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy
Authors: Johnson Eldin M , Suh Joo-Won 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFerulic acid is known to be a water-insoluble compound present in many fruits and vegetables and is known to possess antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. They are quickly absorbed in the stomach and metabolized in the liver. Their colonic exposure is found to be low due to their quick absorption and metabolism in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and due to this reason, only a small fraction of FA found in a bound form is associated with the insoluble and soluble fiber of the food matrix reaching the colon. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of ferulic acid (FA) bound to fructo oligosaccharide (FOS) rendering the resultant FA-FOS conjugate water soluble, resistant to gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, along with the capability to deliver a therapeutically meaningful dose of FA to the large intestine. Free FA is released from FA-FOS conjugate by the digestive action of gut microflora, and the pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamics are evaluated in a rat model. The efficacy of FA-FOS conjugate in the delivery of FA to the large intestine and its accumulation in tumours were evaluated in colitis induced colon cancer model and their efficacy through plasma bioavailability is determined in xenograft mice model carrying tumour from human colon cancer cells. The accumulation of FA derived from FA-FOS conjugate in the tumour was demonstrated by the MALDI imaging technique. The major metabolites of FA-FOS conjugate in plasma were determined through a data-dependent MS/MS experiment of precursor ion scan, utilizing triple quad (QTRAP) equipped LC-MS.
Species-level identification of the critically endangered European sturgeonAcipencer sturiousing DNA-based approaches
Authors: Chancerel Emilie , Acolas Marie-Laure , Lepais Olivier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe native European sturgeonAcipenser sturiois the focus of restoration programs. However,A. sturioidentification by direct observation is not always obvious for non-specialists. We aimed to develop a quick and easy genetic tool applicable to identify the species at risk in case of incidental capture or monitoring either at sea or in the watershed. We showed that primers and probe developed allow specific amplification forA. sturioby PCR, qPCR and Real-Time Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) techniques. We determine benefits and limits of each method and highlight perspectives for field applications within the frame of conservation programs.
Integrative processing in artificial and biological vision predicts the perceived beauty of natural images
Authors: Nara Sanjeev , Kaiser Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious research indicates that the beauty of natural images is already determined during perceptual analysis. However, it is still largely unclear which perceptual computations give rise to the perception of beauty. Theories of processing fluency suggest that the ease of processing for an image determines its perceived beauty. Here, we tested whether perceived beauty is related to the amount of spatial integration across an image, a perceptual computation that reduces processing demands by aggregating image elements into more efficient representations of the whole. We hypothesized that higher degrees of integration reduce processing demands in the visual system and thereby predispose the perception of beauty. We quantified integrative processing in an artificial deep neural network model of vision: We compared activations between parts of the image and the whole image, where the degree of integration was determined by the amount of deviation between activations for the whole image and its constituent parts. This quantification of integration predicted the beauty ratings for natural images across four studies, which featured different stimuli and task demands. In a complementary fMRI study, we show that integrative processing in human visual cortex predicts perceived beauty in a similar way as in artificial neural networks. Together, our results establish integration as a computational principle that facilitates perceptual analysis and thereby mediates the perception of beauty.
The CD4 transmembrane GGXXG and juxtamembrane (C/F)CV+C motifs mediate pMHCII-specific signaling independently of CD4-LCK interactions
Authors: Lee Mark S. , Tuohy Peter J. , Kim Caleb Y. , Yost Philip , Lichauco Katrina , Parrish Heather L. , Doorslaer Koenraad Van , Kuhns Michael S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCD4+T cell activation is driven by 5-module receptor complexes. The T cell receptor (TCR) is the receptor module that binds composite surfaces of peptide antigens embedded within MHCII molecules (pMHCII). It associates with three signaling modules (CD3γε, CD3δε, and CD3ζζ) to form TCR-CD3 complexes. CD4 is the coreceptor module. It reciprocally associates with TCR-CD3-pMHCII assemblies on the outside of a CD4+T cells and with the Src kinase, LCK, on the inside. Previously, we reported that the CD4 transmembrane GGXXG and cytoplasmic juxtamembrane (C/F)CV+C motifs found in eutherian (placental mammal) CD4 have constituent residues that evolved under purifying selection (Lee, et al., 2022). Expressing mutants of these motifs together in T cell hybridomas increased CD4-LCK association but reduced CD3ζ, ZAP70, and PLCγ1 phosphorylation levels, as well as IL-2 production, in response to agonist pMHCII. Because these mutants preferentially localized CD4-LCK pairs to non-raft membrane fractions, one explanation for our results was that they impaired proximal signaling by sequestering LCK away from TCR-CD3. An alternative hypothesis is that the mutations directly impacted signaling because the motifs normally play an LCK-independent role in signaling. The goal of this study was to discriminate between these possibilities. Using T cell hybridomas, our results indicate that: intracellular CD4-LCK interactions are not necessary for pMHCII-specific signal initiation; the GGXXG and (C/F)CV+C motifs are key determinants of CD4-mediated pMHCII-specific signal amplification; the GGXXG and (C/F)CV+C motifs exert their functions independently of direct CD4-LCK association. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for why residues within these motifs are under purifying selection in jawed vertebrates. The results are also important to consider for biomimetic engineering of synthetic receptors.
Structural polymorphisms within a common powdery mildew effector scaffold as a driver of co-evolution with cereal immune receptors
Authors: Cao Yu , Kümmel Florian , Logemann Elke , Gebauer Jan M. , Lawson Aaron W. , Yu Dongli , Uthoff Matthias , Keller Beat , Jirschitzka Jan , Baumann Ulrich , Tsuda Kenichi , Chai Jijie , Schulze-Lefert Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn plants, host–pathogen coevolution often manifests in reciprocal, adaptive genetic changes through variations in host nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLR) and virulence-promoting pathogen effectors. In grass powdery mildew (PM) fungi, an extreme expansion of a RNase-like effector family, termed RALPH, dominates the effector repertoire, with some members recognized as avirulence (AVR) effectors by cereal NLR receptors. We report the structures of the sequence-unrelated barley PM effectors AVRA6, AVRA7and allelic AVRA10/AVRA22variants, which are detected by highly sequence-related barley NLRs MLA6, MLA7, MLA10, and MLA22, and of wheat PM AVRPM2detected by the unrelated wheat NLR PM2. The AVR effectors adopt a common scaffold, which is shared with the ribonuclease (RNase) T1/F1-family. We found striking variations in the number, position, and length of individual structural elements between RALPH AVRs, which is associated with a differentiation of RALPH effector subfamilies. We show that all RALPH AVRs tested have lost nuclease and synthetase activities of the RNase T1/F1- family and lack significant binding to RNA, implying that their virulence activities are associated with neo-functionalization events. Structure-guided mutagenesis identified six AVRA6residues that are sufficient to turn a sequence-diverged member of the same RALPH subfamily into an effector specifically detected by MLA6. Similar structure-guided information for AVRA10and AVRA22indicates that MLA receptors detect largely distinct effector surface patches. Thus, coupling of sequence and structural polymorphisms within the RALPH scaffold of PMs facilitated escape from NLR recognition and potential acquisition of diverse virulence functions.
Pharmacological Studies on the Efficacy of Polyherbal Formulation Dawa ul kurkum in DEN-Induced 2-AAF-Promoted Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Gupta Meenakshi , Nimesh Hemlata , Sarwat Maryam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the anti-cancer activity and the possible mechanism of Dawa-ul kurkum (Duk) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. We administered Duk at 3 doses, viz., 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day, 2 weeks before the DEN and continued it for 16 weeks. We found that Duk significantly reduced the DEN and 2-AAF induced phenotypical changes in rats and restored the activities of serum markers. Furthermore, Duk counteracted the oxidative stress induced by carcinogens as observed by restoration in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Duk significantly diminished the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose dependent manner and restored the liver microarchitecture as assessed by histopathological studies. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that Duk inhibited the DEN-induced decrease in the number of cells positive for Bid and Caspase-9. It also reduces the number of cells positive for Cyclin D. This study shows that Duk significantly protects rat liver from hepatocarcinogenesis by regulating oxidative damage and restoring serum markers. The chemopreventive effect of Duk might be through induction of apoptosis.
eIF2B Activator Rescues Neonatal Lethality of an eIF2Bα Sugar Phosphate Binding Mutation Associated with Vanishing White Matter Disease
Authors: Lee James J. , Ly Nina , Kunjamma Rejani B. , Robb Holly M. , Mohler Eric G. , Sridar Janani , Hao Qi , Zavala-Solorio José , Zhang Chunlian , Kolumam Ganesh , Bruggen Nick van , Connelly Caitlin F. , Sidrauski Carmela 
Published: May 2023

AbstracteIF2B is a decameric guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that is essential for protein synthesis and a key effector of the integrated stress response (ISR). Hypomorphic mutations in any of the eIF2B subunits are associated with Vanishing White Matter Disease (VWM), a leukodystrophy characterized by ISR activation and white matter loss. Here, we showed that the VWM-associated N208Y eIF2Bα mutation, which abolishes sugar phosphate binding, led to a drastic reduction in its level in cells and concomitant ISR activation. We found that N208Y homozygous mice are small and die shortly after birth. Remarkably, continuous availability of 2BAct, a small molecule eIF2B activator, in food rescued the lethality and significantly extended their lifespan. 2BAct-maintained N208Y homozygous mice, however, developed motor deficits and loss of myelin with age. As is the case for milder VWM models, ISR induction was restricted to the central nervous system in treated animals. Upon 2BAct withdrawal, adult mutant mice deteriorated quickly, the ISR was induced in all peripheral tissues tested and resulted in high levels of circulating FGF21 and GDF15. This model provides a novel platform to study the impact of ISR activation across tissues with temporal control.
Leveraging RAS-mSIN1 Interaction to Selectively Inhibit mTORC2 Employing Competitive RAS Binding Peptide: Implications in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Miyan Javed , Kumar Narayan , Malik Showkat Ahmad , Moinuddin  , Akif Usmani Mohammed , Kumar Jay , Hameed Rohil , Dubey Parul , Singh Maninder , Vishwakarma Jyoti , Tripathi Sarita , Ramachandran Ravishankar , Siddiqi Mohammad Imran , Kumar Vijay , Bhatt Madan Lal Brahma , Nazir Aamir , Arora Ashish , Bhadauria Smrati 
Published: May 2023

StatementThe authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to the authors decision of withdrawing of the manuscript until all experiments are completed. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.