bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality predicting relapse: A facet analysis of the NEO PI‐R
Authors: Faltushanskiy Zalman , Herrold Amy A. , Werby Jasper , Betteridge Eliza M. , Angres Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRevised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI‐R) domains are associated with substance use disorders (SUD), including potential for relapse. However, individual facets of the NEO PI‐R domains have not been rigorously analyzed. This paper assesses NEO PI‐R individual facets among participants with SUD and their value in predicting relapse.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2018, all patients admitted to a single private rehabilitation center (n = 642) were offered participation in this study. Participants who completed NEO PI‐R questionnaires at the start of treatment and with known relapse outcomes up to 1‐year posttreatment were included (n = 441). Statistical analysis included a series of unadjusted univariate logistic regressions and additional adjusted multivariate regression controlling for employment status in healthcare.ResultsNeuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness domains had significant impacts on relapse. Three individual facets of Neuroticism were significant predictors of relapse, and seven individual facets within the Conscientiousness and Agreeableness domains were inversely related to relapse. When controlling for employment, Conscientiousness and three of its individual facets (Dutifulness, Competence, and Self‐Discipline) continued to be significant in predicting relapse. The individual facets Impulsiveness and Straightforwardness also continued to be significant in predicting relapse.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceSeveral personality domains and facets were significantly related to relapse, confirming and expanding on prior literature. This study focuses on the risk of relapse as it relates to NEO PI‐R individual facets, which have not been previously explored with a sample size of this magnitude. These findings can guide clinical care of patients with SUD, allowing for more targeted treatment.
What is the nature, extent and impact of bullying in surgical settings? Insights of surgeons in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Gretton‐Watson Paul , Oakman Jodi , Leggat Sandra G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundA significant body of literature has examined the impact of verbal and non‐verbal bullying in surgical settings, where a central focus has been on the experiences of trainee and junior members of the surgical team, women in surgery and other health professionals, such as nurses. Research on how surgeons' perceive or experience bullying is more limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the views of surgeons on negative and disrespectful verbal and non‐verbal behaviour and bullying in surgical settings, including its impact on surgeons themselves and the surgical staff they oversee.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with surgeons between February and November 2019. Questions explored surgeons' perceptions of interpersonal communication and behaviour in their surgical workplaces in the preceding 6‐months. A narrative analysis approach was used to code, interpret, and report the interview data.ResultsThirty‐one interviews were conducted with surgeons (19 male and 12 female), from Australia (26) and Aotearoa New Zealand (5) from 10 surgical specialties. Three themes were identified with associated subthemes: bullying (five subthemes), non‐verbal bullying (seven subthemes), and impact and outcomes of bullying (six subthemes).ConclusionThis study revealed a notable shift in the reported verbal and non‐verbal bullying behaviour among surgeons, demonstrating a decrease in intensity, physicality and violence for the 6‐months prior to interviews conducted in 2019, when compared with surgeons' historic experiences. Despite reported behaviour being more subtle and indirect, it nonetheless continues to have a marked impact on many surgeons as well as the staff they oversee.
Eye‐tracking in surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Bapna Tanay , Valles John , Leng Samantha , Pacilli Maurizio , Nataraja Ramesh Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgery is constantly evolving with the assistance of rapidly developing novel technology. Eye‐tracking devices provide opportunities to monitor the acquisition of surgical skills, gain insight into performance, and enhance surgical practice. The aim of this review was to consolidate the available evidence for the use of eye‐tracking in the surgical disciplines.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search of OVID Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Scopus, and Science Direct was conducted January 2000 until December 2022. Studies involving eye‐tracking in surgical training, assessment and technical innovation were included in the review. Non‐surgical procedures, animal studies, and studies not involving surgical participants were excluded from the review.ResultsThe search returned a total of 12 054 articles, 80 of which were included in the final analysis and review. Seventeen studies involved eye‐tracking in surgical training, 48 surgical assessment, and 20 were focussing on technical aspects of this technology. Twenty‐six different eye‐tracking devices were used in the included studies. Metrics such as the number of fixations, duration of fixations, dwell time, and cognitive workload were able to differentiate between novice and expert performance. Eight studies demonstrated the effectiveness of gaze‐training for improving surgical skill.ConclusionThe current literature shows a broad range of utility for a variety of eye‐tracking devices in surgery. There remains a lack of standardization for metric parameters and gaze analysis techniques. Further research is required to validate its use to establish reliability and create uniform practices.
Epidemiology of spontaneous pregnancy loss in Kazakhstan: A national population‐based cohort analysis during 2014–2019 using the national electronic healthcare system
Authors: Sakko Yesbolat , Turesheva Akbayan , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Aimagambetova Gulzhanat , Ukybassova Talshyn , Marat Aizada , Kaldygulova Lyazzat , Amanzholkyzy Ainur , Nogay Anastassiya , Khamidullina Zaituna , Mussenov Yerlan , Almawi Wassim Y. , Atageldiyeva Kuralay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionSpontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL) is a common health problem that affects 1:10 of childbearing women, and is linked with physical and psychological complications. As the number of nationwide studies on the incidence of SPL is few, especially from middle‐income countries, in this study we investigated the epidemiology, complications and outcomes of SPL before 22 weeks of gestation by analyzing large‐scale healthcare data from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Healthcare System (UNEHS) in Kazakhstan.Material and methodsA population‐based study among women who experienced SPL in any healthcare setting of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the period of 2014–2019. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th edition and ICD 9th edition's procedural codes were utilized to retrieve data using relevant diagnostic and procedural codes.ResultsIn total, 207 317 records of women who have experienced an SPL before 22 weeks of gestation were analyzed from all Kazakhstani regions. The estimated prevalence of SPL was 8.7%, with a 20% decline over a 6‐year period. The SPL cases ratio comprises on average 6.2 per 1000 reproductive‐age women. Incomplete miscarriage (ICD‐10 code “O03.4”) was the most common type (37.8%), followed by blighted ovum (ICD‐10 code “O02.0”; 34.1%) and missed abortion (ICD‐10 code “O02.1”; 13.5%). The most common management methods were dilation and curettage of the uterus (ICD‐9 code “69.0”; 84.7%) and aspiration curettage of the uterus (ICD‐9 code “65.0”; 15%), whereas medical management was rarely performed (2.6%).ConclusionThe information available in UNEHS adequately identifies types of miscarriages and treatment methods. Although the prevalence of SPL before 22 weeks of gestation is decreasing, management of miscarriages requires closer attention.
Erythrocyte transfusions are associated with retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low gestational age newborns
Authors: Glaser Kirsten , Härtel Christoph , Dammann Olaf , Herting Egbert , Andres Oliver , Speer Christian P. , Göpel Wolfgang , Stahl Andreas ,   the German Neonatal Network
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major morbidity in preterm infants causing visual impairment including blindness. Prevention and timely treatment are critical. We investigated the potential role of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions as risk factor for ROP development.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of data from 68 tertiary level neonatal intensive care units in Germany. Preterm infants born at 22 + 0 to 28 + 6 weeks of gestation between January 2009 and December 2021 were enrolled.ResultsWe included n = 12 565 infants. Prevalence of any ROP was 49.2% with most infants being diagnosed with stage 1 (21.5%) and 2 disease (17.2%). ROP stage 3 was present in 10.2%, stage 4 in 0.3%, and ROP requiring treatment in 6.6%. Infants with ROP had significantly more frequently a history of RBC transfusions. Adjusting for confounders, RBC transfusions were associated with increased odds of ROP (OR 1.4, p < 0.001), ROP progression (OR 2.1, p < 0.01) and ROP requiring treatment (OR 3.6, p < 0.001). Restrictive transfusion approaches correlated with decreased (OR 0.7, p < 0.001), liberal regimes with increased odds (OR 1.2, p = 0.001).ConclusionThe present study confirmed an association of RBC transfusions and ROP. Our findings emphasise the need for anaemia prevention and critical re‐evaluation of transfusion practices in preterm infants.
The relationship of affective and bodily states with goals and plans to increase physical activity: An 8‐day study in students
Authors: Braun Maya , Schroé Helene , Van Dyck Delfien , Crombez Geert , De Paepe Annick L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlanning is an important tool to translate intentions into physical activity (PA) behavior. Affective and bodily states are known to influence how much PA individuals perform, but their impact on to formulation of PA plans is not yet known. The aim of the current study is to explore the effect of within‐ and between‐subject variations in affective and bodily states on the content of PA goals and plans. Over eight consecutive days, 362 students created action and coping plans to achieve their daily PA goals. They also reported their affective and bodily states. Generalized linear mixed effect models were used to analyze the associations between these states and the content of the goals and plans. The results showed that both between‐ and within‐subject variations in affective and bodily states were associated with goals formulated in terms of minutes, the intensity and context of planned activities, and anticipated barriers, though more effects were found for within‐subject differences. Affective and bodily states impact daily PA goals and plans, highlighting the dynamic nature of planning. Our findings can be a first step toward personalized suggestions for goals, action plans, and coping strategies that are based on individual affective and bodily states.
Randomised clinical trial: Faecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea
Authors: Yau Yuk Kam , Su Qi , Xu Zhilu , Tang Whitney , Ching Jessica Y. L. , Mak Joyce Wing Yan , Cheung Chun Pan , Fung Matthew , Ip Margaret , Chan Paul Kay Sheung , Wu Justin Che Yuen , Chan Francis Ka Leung , Ng Siew C. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to improve symptoms in a proportion of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).AimWe performed a randomised trial to assess the efficacy of FMT in patients with IBS.MethodsWe randomised 56 patients with diarrhoea‐predominant IBS 1:1 to FMT or placebo via the duodenal route at baseline and week 4. The primary outcome was > 50 points decrease in IBS severity scoring system (IBS‐SSS) score at week 12. Secondary outcomes were improvement in bloating and change in gut microbiota at week 12. After 12‐week follow‐up, those in the placebo group were assigned to receive open‐label FMT.ResultsAt week 12, 57.1% in the FMT group and 46.4% in the placebo group achieved the primary endpoint (p = 0.42). More patients receiving FMT than placebo had improvement in bloating (72% vs 30%; p = 0.005). In an open‐label extension, 65.2% and 82.4% of patients achieved, respectively, the primary endpoint and improvement in bloating. Faecal microbiome of patients in the FMT group showed a reduction in bacteria like Ruminococcus gnavus and enrichment of bacteria such as Lawsonibacter at week 12, while no change in the placebo group. Functional analyses showed that the hydrogen sulphide‐producing pathway decreased in patients who had FMT (p < 0.05) accompanied by a reduction in contributing bacteria. There were no serious adverse events related to FMT.ConclusionFMT performed twice at an interval of four weeks did not significantly reduce IBS‐SSS score. However, more patients had improvement in abdominal bloating, which was associated with a reduction in hydrogen sulphide‐producing bacteria. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03125564).
Bone marrow transplantation in the United Kingdom – past, present and future
Authors: Barrett John , Craddock Charles 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBone marrow transplantation (BMT) has evolved over the last 60 years from a pioneering treatment fraught with unknown factors and complications to a widely practiced standard of care that has saved the lives of countless individuals with malignant and non‐malignant conditions. Over this period, transplanters in the UK have made a significant international contribution to the field through cutting edge clinical and laboratory research. Today, stem cell transplantation in the UK continues to advance through rigorous and innovative clinical trials which focus on improving outcome by reducing transplant toxicity and the risk of disease relapse. In this review, we start with a personal view of the early years of BMT in the UK, document the many seminal accomplishments in the field of BMT which took place in the UK, and end with a look towards the future of BMT, in the UK and worldwide.
CAR‐T cell therapy in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – past, present and future
Authors: Rogosic Srdan , Ghorashian Sara 
Published: September 2023

SummaryOver the last decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality for relapsed/refractory B‐cell malignancies in both children and adults. As an adoptive immune therapy, CAR‐T cells have the potential to overcome disease that is resistant to chemo‐ and radiotherapy as well as represent a viable option for those who have already reached toxicity ceilings with standard therapies. CD19‐directed CAR‐T cell products have been licensed for use in paediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia that is refractory, in relapse post‐transplant or in second or later relapse. Many challenges remain, rightly resulting in a heavily‐mined research field. These include mitigating short‐term immune‐mediated toxicity, maintaining durability of responses, broadening treatment accessibility and extending its applicability to other malignant settings. In this review, dedicated to marking 60 years since the establishment of the British Society for Haematology, we will focus on the contribution of our community towards the success of CD19‐directed CAR‐T cell therapy in children. We will put current practice in CAR‐T cell therapy into the context of future challenges to be addressed in order for it to fulfil its “game‐changing” therapeutic potential.
Early clinical trials in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in the UK
Authors: Catovsky Daniel , Else Monica 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThis is an historical account of the randomised trials in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in the UK between the years 1978 to 2004, describing their gestation, the treatments used and the main lessons learnt. Those lessons include: (1) how best to use chlorambucil, which was the first effective treatment for CLL; (2) the significant difference in survival between the sexes; and (3) the value of prognostic markers, both morphological and molecular, which continue to be relevant to current practice.
A randomized trial of holmium laser vs thulium laser vs bipolar enucleation of large prostate glands
Authors: Shoma Ahmed M. , Ghobrial Fady K. , El‐Tabey Nasr , El‐Hefnawy Ahmed S. , El‐Kappany Hamdy A. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo compare the outcome and morbidity of bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate (B‐TUEP) and thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) with those of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of large symptomatic benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) through a non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial (NCT03916536).Patients and MethodsA total of 155 patients were recruited from a single centre between February 2019 and August 2020. All had BPO, with a prostate volume ≥80 ml. Patients were randomly assigned to HoLEP, ThuLEP or B‐TUEP using computer‐generated random tables in a 1:1:1 ratio. Participants, investigators and surgeons were blinded to group assignment until the date of the operation. Thereafter, the patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included assessment of other functional urinary variables, peri‐operative records, and adverse events.ResultsThere were 138 and 120 patients available for analysis at 6 and 12 months. There was no significant difference in Qmax between the groups at 6 and 12 months (P = 0.4 and P = 0.7, respectively), and no significant difference regarding International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) or postvoid residual urine volume (PVR). The median (interquartile range) prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) reductions (ng/ml) were similar in the three groups at last follow‐up point (4.7 [2.2–7.1]; 5.6 [2.3–9.5] and 5 [3.4–10] after HoLEP, ThuLEP and B‐TUEP, respectively). Differences in enucleation time, enucleation efficiencies and auxiliary manoeuvres were statistically insignificant (P = 0.1, 0.8 and 0.07, respectively). At 1 year, patients with prostate volumes >120 ml showed significant IPSS improvement in favour of HoLEP and ThuLEP (P = 0.01). Low‐ and high‐grade adverse effects were recorded in 31 and five cases, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups.ConclusionsWe conclude that ThuLEP and B‐TUEP are as safe and effective as HoLEP for the treatment of large‐sized BPO. Significant PSA reductions indicate that there was effective adenoma enucleation with all three approaches. The study provides objective evidence that endoscopic enucleation of the prostate is a technique rather than energy dependent procedure.
Anticipating anthropogenic threats in acquiring new protected areas
Authors: Albers Heidi J. , Chang Charlotte H. , Dissanayake Sahan T. M. , Helmstedt Kate J. , Kroetz Kailin , Dilkina Bistra , Zapata‐Mor´an Irene , Nolte Christoph , Ochoa‐Ochoa Leticia M. , Spencer Gwen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiodiversity continues to decline despite protected area expansion and global conservation commitments. Biodiversity losses occur in existing protected areas, yet common methods used to select protected areas ignore postimplementation threats that reduce effectiveness. We developed a conservation planning framework that considers the ongoing anthropogenic threats within protected areas when selecting sites and the value of planning for costly threat‐mitigating activities (i.e., enforcement) at the time of siting decisions. We applied the framework to a set of landscapes that contained the range of possible correlations between species richness and threat. Accounting for threats and implementing enforcement activities increased benefits from protected areas without increasing budgets. Threat information was valuable in conserving more species per spending level even without enforcement, especially on landscapes with randomly distributed threats. Benefits from including threat information and enforcement were greatest when human threats peaked in areas of high species richness and were lowest where human threats were negatively associated with species richness. Because acquiring information on threats and using threat‐mitigating activities are costly, our findings can guide decision‐makers regarding the settings in which to pursue these planning steps.
Nickel release from hairdressing tools in the United States
Authors: Chan Cynthia X. , Hamann Carsten R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHairdressers have a high prevalence of contact dermatitis, especially to nickel. The presence of nickel in hairdressing tools has been evaluated in the European Union, where the government limits nickel release levels from objects.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to qualitatively investigate nickel release in hairdresser tools in both rural and urban United States, a country without nickel release legislation.MethodsHairdressers and individuals with hairdressing tools were invited to participate. Metallic parts of each tool were tested with dimethylglyoxime (DMG), which detects nickel release. Data on tool cost were recorded.ResultsA total of 89 tools from 9 salons and 2 over‐the‐counter sets were tested. Twenty‐four (27%) tested positive: trimmers (100%), curling irons (100%), clippers (50%), hair clips (36%), texturizing shears (26%), and trimming shears (4%). Nickel was detected in both salon and over‐the‐counter tools, and rural and urban salons. Nickel‐releasing tools were cheaper than DMG‐negative tools of the same type.ConclusionsOur findings help explain the high prevalence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers, alert clinicians to consider occult occupational nickel when assessing patients with allergic contact dermatitis, reinforces the importance of using barrier protection including gloves when handling hairdressing tools including at home, and augments impetus for more legislation regulating common allergens.
Are Natural Kind Terms Ambiguous?
Authors: Haukioja Jussi , Toorman Jeske , Baggio Giosuè , Jylkkä Jussi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent experimental studies have claimed to find evidence for the view that natural kind terms such as “water” are ambiguous: that they have two extensions, one determined by superficial properties, the other by underlying essence. In an online experiment, we presented to 600 participants scenarios describing discoveries of novel samples that differ in deep structure from samples of a familiar kind but are superficially identical, such as a water‐like substance that is not composed of H2O. We used three different types of question sets to probe whether the participants considered the sample as a member of the kind or not. Our results did not confirm the predictions of the ambiguity view. They were, rather, consistent with views that take underlying essences to be the sole criterion for membership in a natural kind.