bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the black hole/string transition
Authors: Chen Yiming , Maldacena Juan , Witten Edward 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe discuss aspects of the possible transition between small black holes and highly excited fundamental strings. We focus on the connection between black holes and the self gravitating string solution of Horowitz and Polchinski. This solution is interesting because it has non-zero entropy at the classical level and it is natural to suspect that it might be continuously connected to the black hole. Surprisingly, we find a different behavior for heterotic and type II cases. For the type II case we find an obstruction to the idea that the two are connected as classical solutions of string theory, while no such obstruction exists for the heterotic case. We further provide a linear sigma model analysis that suggests a continuous connection for the heterotic case. We also describe a solution generating transformation that produces a charged version of the self gravitating string. This provides a fuzzball-like construction of near extremal configurations carrying fundamental string momentum and winding charges. We provide formulas which are exact inα′ relating the thermodynamic properties of the charged and the uncharged solutions.
Muon-electron scattering at NNLO
Authors: Broggio A. , Engel T. , Ferroglia A. , Mandal M. K. , Mastrolia P. , Rocco M. , Ronca J. , Signer A. , Torres Bobadilla W. J. , Ulrich Y. , Zoller M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present the first calculation of the complete set of NNLO QED corrections for muon-electron scattering. This includes leptonic, non-perturbative hadronic, and photonic contributions. All fermionic corrections as well as the photonic subset that only corrects the electron or the muon line are included with full mass dependence. The genuine four-point two-loop topologies are computed as an expansion in the small electron mass, taking into account both, logarithmically enhanced as well as constant mass effects using massification. A fast and stable implementation of the numerically delicate real-virtual contribution is achieved by combining OpenLoops with next-to-soft stabilisation. All matrix elements are implemented in the McMule framework, which allows for the fully-differential calculation of any infrared-safe observable. This calculation is to be viewed in the context of the MUonE experiment requiring a background prediction at the level of 10 ppm. Our results thus represent a major milestone towards this ambitious precision goal.
Sivers, Boer-Mulders and worm-gear distributions at next-to-leading order
Authors: Rein Felix , Rodini Simone , Schäfer Andreas , Vladimirov Alexey 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We compute the Sivers, Boer-Mulders, worm-gear (T and L) transverse momentum dependent distributions in terms of twist-two and twist-three collinear distributions in the small-b limit up to next-to-leading order (NLO) in perturbation theory.
Local Superderivations on Solvable Lie and Leibniz Superalgebras
Authors: Camacho Luisa María , Navarro Rosa María , Omirov Bakhrom 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThroughout this paper, we show on one hand, that there are nilpotent and solvable Lie superalgebras with infinitely many local superderivations which are not standard superderivations. On the other hand, we show that every local superderivation is a superderivation on the maximal-dimensional solvable Lie superalgebras with model filiform or model nilpotent nilradical. Moreover, we extend the latter result for Leibniz superalgebras by showing that every local superderivation is a superderivation on the maximal-dimensional solvable Leibniz superalgebras with model filiform or model nilpotent non-Lie nilradical.
Early total care or damage control orthopaedics for major fractures ? Results of propensity score matching for early definitive versus early temporary fixation based on data from the trauma registry of the German Trauma Society (TraumaRegister DGU®)
Authors: von Lübken Falk , Prause Sascha , Lang Patricia , Friemert Benedikt Dieter , Lefering Rolf , Achatz Gerhard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Damage control orthopaedics (DCO) und early total care (ETC) are well-established strategies for managing severely injured patients. There is no definitive evidence of the superiority of DCO over ETC in polytrauma patients. We conducted this study to assess the probability of a polytraumatised patient undergoing DCO. In addition, the effect of DCO on complications and mortality was investigated.

Methods
We analysed data from 12,569 patients with severe trauma (Injury Severity Score ≥ 16) who were enrolled in the trauma registry of the German Trauma Society (TraumaRegister DGU®) from 2009 to 2016 and had undergone surgery for extremity or pelvic fractures. These patients were allocated to a DCO or an ETC group. We used the propensity score to identify factors supporting the use of DCO. For a comparison of mortality rates, the groups were stratified and matched on the propensity score.

Results
We identified relevant differences between DCO and ETC. DCO was considerably more often associated with packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions (33.9% vs. 13.4%), catecholamine therapy (14.1% vs. 6.8%), lower extremity injuries (72.4% vs. 53.5%), unstable pelvic fractures (41.0% vs. 25.9%), penetrating injuries (2.8% vs. 1.5%), and shock (20.5% vs. 10.8%) and unconsciousness (23.7% vs. 16.3%) on admission. Based on the propensity score, patients with penetrating trauma, pRBC transfusions, unstable pelvic fractures, and lower extremity injuries were more likely to undergo DCO. A benefit of DCO such as reduced complications or reduced mortality was not detected.

Conclusion
We could identify some parameters of polytrauma patients used in the trauma registry (Traumaregister DGU®), which led more likely to a DCO therapy. The propensity score did not demonstrate the superiority of DCO over ETC in terms of outcome or complications. It did not appear to adequately adjust for the variables used here. Definitive evidence for or against the use of DCO remains unavailable.
The potential impact of coagulation factor XIII in trauma-induced coagulopathy – a retrospective case series analysis
Authors: Wilhelmi Michaela , Albrecht Alexander , Macke Christian , Wilhelmi Mathias , Omar Mohammed , Winkelmann Marcel , Clausen Jan-Dierk 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The role of factor XIII (FXIII) in trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is not fully understood.

Methods
We evaluated FXIII supplementation in severely injured patients with persistent bleeding. This was a retrospective case series analysis.

Results
Twenty-four patients received FXIII concentrate within 24 h of admission for bleeding that continued after transfusion of > 6 U red blood cells (RBCs); control patients (n = 27) did not receive FXIII concentrate. Both study groups were similar regarding injury severity score and global coagulation tests, but FXIII activity levels were significantly higher and lactate levels significantly lower in the control group, respectively. The differences in FXIII activity between the groups could be attributed to a more severe trauma-induced coagulopathy in FXIII-deficient patients, as demonstrated by lower fibrinogen and higher lactate levels. The median dose of FXIII concentrate within 24 h of admission was 2500 IU (IQR: 1250–4375). Median 24-h transfusion of RBCs (primary study endpoint) was significantly higher in the FXIII group versus controls (10.0 U, IQR 5–14 U vs. 2, IQR 0–6 U; p < 0.01). Subsequently, while patients were in the intensive care unit, there was no statistically significant difference regarding RBC transfusion anymore and the overall clinical outcomes were similar in both patient groups.

Conclusions
The substitution of FXIII in patients who were more seriously compromised due to higher lactate levels and who presented with initially more severe bleedings than patients in the control group, resulted in a comparable transfusion necessity after 24 h. Thus, we guess that the substitution of FXIII in severely injured patients with ongoing bleeding might have an impact on their clinical outcome.
50 years of rice breeding in Bangladesh: genetic yield trends
Authors: Rahman Niaz Md. Farhat , Malik Waqas Ahmed , Kabir Md. Shahjahan , Baten Md. Azizul , Hossain Md. Ismail , Paul Debi Narayan Rudra , Ahmed Rokib , Biswas Partha Sarathi , Rahman Md. Chhiddikur , Rahman Md. Sazzadur , Iftekharuddaula Khandakar Md. , Hadasch Steffen , Schmidt Paul , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Rahman Md. Akhlasur , Atlin Gary N. , Piepho Hans-Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo assess the efficiency of genetic improvement programs, it is essential to assess the genetic trend in long-term data. The present study estimates the genetic trends for grain yield of rice varieties released between 1970 and 2020 by the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. The yield of the varieties was assessed from 2001–2002 to 2020–2021 in multi-locations trials. In such a series of trials, yield may increase over time due to (i) genetic improvement (genetic trend) and (ii) improved management or favorable climate change (agronomic/non-genetic trend). In both the winter and monsoon seasons, we observed positive genetic and non-genetic trends. The annual genetic trend for grain yield in both winter and monsoon rice varieties was 0.01 t ha−1, while the non-genetic trend for both seasons was 0.02 t ha−1, corresponding to yearly genetic gains of 0.28% and 0.18% in winter and monsoon seasons, respectively. The overall percentage yield change from 1970 until 2020 for winter rice was 40.96%, of which 13.91% was genetic trend and 27.05% was non-genetic. For the monsoon season, the overall percentage change from 1973 until 2020 was 38.39%, of which genetic and non-genetic increases were 8.36% and 30.03%, respectively. Overall, the contribution of non-genetic trend is larger than genetic trend both for winter and monsoon seasons. These results suggest that limited progress has been made in improving yield in Bangladeshi rice breeding programs over the last 50 years. Breeding programs need to be modernized to deliver sufficient genetic gains in the future to sustain Bangladeshi food security.
HDR image-based deep learning approach for automatic detection of split defects on sheet metal stamping parts
Authors: Singh Aru Ranjan , Bashford-Rogers Thomas , Marnerides Demetris , Debattista Kurt , Hazra Sumit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSheet metal stamping is widely used for high-volume production. Despite the wide adoption, it can lead to defects in the manufactured components, making their quality unacceptable. Because of the variety of defects that can occur on the final product, human inspectors are frequently employed to detect them. However, they can be unreliable and costly, particularly at speeds that match the stamping rate. In this paper, we propose an automatic inspection framework for the stamping process that is based on computer vision and deep learning techniques. The low cost, remote sensing capability and simple implementation mean that it can be easily deployed in an industrial setting. A particular focus of this research is to account for the harsh lighting conditions and the highly reflective nature of products found in manufacturing environments that affect optical sensing techniques by making it difficult to capture the details of a scene. High dynamic range images can capture details of an environment in harsh lighting conditions, and in the context of this work, can capture highly reflective metals found in sheet metal stamping manufacturing. Building on this imaging technique, we propose a framework including a deep learning model to detect defects in sheet metal stamping parts. To test the framework, sheet metal ‘Nakajima’ samples were pressed with an industrial stamping press. Then optimally exposed, sequence of exposures, tone-mapped and high dynamic range images of the samples were used to train convolutional neural network-based detectors. Analysis of the resulting models showed that high dynamic range image-based models achieved substantially higher accuracy and minimal false-positive predictions.
Effects of mesenchymal stem cells and heparan sulfate mimetics on urethral function and vaginal wall biomechanics in a simulated rat childbirth injury model
Authors: Janssen Kristine , van Ruiten Geertruida W. , Eijkelkamp Niels , Damaser Margot S. , van der Vaart Carl H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
New treatments are needed for pelvic floor disorders. ReGeneraTing Agent® (RGTA®) is a promising regenerative therapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare regenerative abilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and RGTA® on regeneration after simulated childbirth injury in rats.

Methods
Rats underwent pudendal nerve crush and vaginal distension (PNC+VD) or sham injury. Rats that underwent PNC+VD were treated intravenously with vehicle, MSCs or RGTA® 1 h, 7 days, and 14 days after surgery. Sham rats received 1 ml vehicle at all time points. After 21 days, urethral function and pudendal nerve function were tested. Vaginal tissues were harvested for biomechanical testing and histology. Biaxial testing was performed to measure tissue stiffness.

Results
PNC+VD decreased urethral and pudendal nerve function compared with sham. Vaginal wall stiffness was significantly decreased in longitudinal and transverse tissue axes after PNC+VD compared with sham. MSC or RGTA® did not restore urethral or pudendal nerve function. However, MSC treatment resolved loss in vaginal wall stiffness in both tissue axes and improved collagen content within the vaginal wall. RGTA® treatment increased vaginal wall anisotropy by increasing relative stiffness in the longitudinal direction. PNC+VD (with vehicle or MSCs) enhanced elastogenesis, which was not observed after RGTA® treatment.

Conclusions
Treatment with MSCs facilitated recovery of vaginal wall biomechanical properties and connective tissue composition after PNC+VD, whereas treatment with RGTA® resulted in anisotropic biomechanical changes. This indicates that MSCs and RGTA® promote different aspects of vaginal tissue regeneration after simulated childbirth injury.
Subjective outcomes 12 years after transvaginal mesh versus native tissue repair in women with recurrent pelvic organ prolapse; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kluivers Kirsten B. , Kamping Metteke , Milani Alfredo L. , IntHout Joanna , Withagen Mariella I. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The present study describes an extended follow-up study after 12 years and focusses on subjective outcomes of women who underwent surgery for recurrent pelvic organ prolapse in the randomized index study.

Methods
One hundred and ninety-four (194) women had been randomized in the original study and in the present study, 45 (47%) in the vaginal mesh repair versus 43 (43%) women with conventional vaginal native tissue repair completed the long-term questionnaires. The mesh used was a first-generation non-absorbable mesh kit. All types of conventional vaginal native tissue repairs were allowed, and additional vaginal native tissue repairs were allowed in the mesh group. The questionnaires as applied at baseline were used. The Patient Global Impression of Improvement questionnaire (PGI-I) was the primary outcome.

Results
At 12 years, 30 (71%) women in the mesh group versus 23 (59%) women in the native tissue repair group reported to be PGI-I (very) much improved (p=0.24). There were no differences found in any of the questionnaire domains. There was, however, a higher number of women who had had additional operations for recurrent pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, and/or exposure in the mesh group: 18 women (40%) in the mesh group versus 8 women (19%) in the native tissue repair group (p=0.03).

Conclusions
There was no difference in subjective outcome between the groups, but there was a statistically significant higher number of women who had needed further operations. This study confirms that vaginal mesh should not be used in all women with recurrent pelvic organ prolapse.
A self-oscillating series-none inductive power transfer system using a matrix converter
Authors: Kusumah Ferdi Perdana , Kyyrä Jorma , Martinez Wilmar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPower density and conversion efficiency are two critical parameters of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. These parameters are related to the number of components in the power conversion circuit as well as its modulation method. The combination of Midpoint Matrix Converter and pulse-density modulation (PDM) has a potential to improve these parameters, due to a low number of semiconductor switches utilization as well as constant efficiency at the maximum output and partial load operations . In this context, this paper analyzes the performance of a three-phase to single-phase Midpoint Matrix Converter using a Free-wheeling Switch (MMCFS) and the PDM in a high coupling factor series-none IPT application. This converter utilizes on–off control to manage power transfer, which automatically tracks the load resonant frequency. Dynamic and steady-state mathematical equations were derived to represent the converter and the IPT system characteristics. These equations show a relationship between the link efficiency, the link gain, the damping ratio and the coupling factor. A kick-start method and a multistep switching strategy were developed to start and operate the converter, respectively. Additionally, a 150 W MMCFS-based IPT prototype was built to verify the improvement, which demonstrated an efficiency of around 80% at the maximum output and partial load operations.
Systematic comparison of transcriptomes of Caco-2 cells cultured under different cellular and physiological conditions
Authors: Elzinga Janneke , Grouls Menno , Hooiveld Guido J. E. J. , van der Zande Meike , Smidt Hauke , Bouwmeester Hans 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is a need for standardized in vitro models emulating the functionalities of the human intestinal tract to study human intestinal health without the use of laboratory animals. The Caco-2 cell line is a well-accepted and highly characterized intestinal barrier model, which has been intensively used to study intestinal (drug) transport, host–microbe interactions and chemical or drug toxicity. This cell line has been cultured in different in vitro models, ranging from simple static to complex dynamic microfluidic models. We aimed to investigate the effect of these different in vitro experimental variables on gene expression. To this end, we systematically collected and extracted data from studies in which transcriptome analyses were performed on Caco-2 cells grown on permeable membranes. A collection of 13 studies comprising 100 samples revealed a weak association of experimental variables with overall as well as individual gene expression. This can be explained by the large heterogeneity in cell culture practice, or the lack of adequate reporting thereof, as suggested by our systematic analysis of experimental parameters not included in the main analysis. Given the rapidly increasing use of in vitro cell culture models, including more advanced (micro) fluidic models, our analysis reinforces the need for improved, standardized reporting protocols. Additionally, our systematic analysis serves as a template for future comparative studies on in vitro transcriptome and other experimental data.
Assessment of the levels of termination of the conus medullaris and thecal sac in the pediatric population
Authors: Blaaza Mohammed , Figueira Carolina Filipa Chaves , Ramali Mohamed Rashad , McNamara Cillian , Severino Mariasavina , Tortora Domenico , Mankad Kshitij , Rossi Andrea 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study assessed the position of the termination of the conus medullaris (the point where the spinal cord tapers to an end) and thecal sac (the sheath of dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord and caudal nerve roots) in a large pediatric population, to characterise the nature of the pediatric Gaussian distribution and assess whether age affected the distribution. The study further aimed to assess the effect of gender on termination positions.

Methods
A total of 520 MRI spine studies of children aged between 1 month and 19 years old were collected from two pediatric tertiary referral centres in the UK and Italy. Studies with pathological findings were excluded, and normal scans were found using keyword search algorithms on a database of radiologists’ reports. The reported scans were individually assessed and reviewed by two experienced neuroradiologists. The termination points of the conus medullaris and thecal sac were determined for each study. Local IRB approvals were sought.

Results
The results showcased a Gaussian distribution in both conus medullaris (r=0.8997) and thecal sac termination levels (r=0.9639). No statistically significant results were noted with increasing age for the termination positions of the conus medullaris or thecal sac (p = 0.154, 0.063). No statistical significance was observed with gender variation with either anatomical landmark. A weak positive correlation was observed between the termination levels of the conus medullaris and the thecal sac (r=0.2567)

Conclusion
Termination levels across all pediatric age range followed a Gaussian distribution. Knowledge of normal termination levels has relevant clinical implications, including the assessment of patients with suspected spinal dysraphism.
[18F]FET-PET in children and adolescents with central nervous system tumors: does it support difficult clinical decision-making?
Authors: Kertels Olivia , Krauß Jürgen , Monoranu Camelia Maria , Samnick Samuel , Dierks Alexander , Kircher Malte , Mihovilovic Milena I. , Pham Mirko , Buck Andreas K. , Eyrich Matthias , Schlegel Paul-Gerhardt , Frühwald Michael C. , Bison Brigitte , Lapa Constantin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Positron emission tomography (PET) with O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) is a well-established tool for non-invasive assessment of adult central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, data on its diagnostic utility and impact on clinical management in children and adolescents are limited.

Methods
Twenty-one children and young adults (13 males; mean age, 8.6 ± 5.2 years; range, 1–19 at initial diagnosis) with either newly diagnosed (n = 5) or pretreated (n = 16) CNS tumors were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had previously undergone neuro-oncological work-up including cranial magnetic resonance imaging. In all cases, [18F]FET-PET was indicated in a multidisciplinary team conference. The impact of PET imaging on clinical decision-making was assessed. Histopathology (n = 12) and/or clinical and imaging follow-up (n = 9) served as the standard of reference.

Results
The addition of [18F]FET-PET to the available information had an impact on further patient management in 14 out of 21 subjects, with avoidance of invasive surgery or biopsy in four patients, biopsy guidance in four patients, change of further treatment in another five patients, and confirmation of diagnosis in one patient.

Conclusion
[18F]FET-PET may provide important additional information for treatment guidance in pediatric and adolescent patients with CNS tumors.