bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ACCURACY OF INFERIOR VENA CAVA DISTENSIBILITY THROUGH THE TRANSHEPATIC APPROACH TO PREDICT FLUID RESPONSIVENESS IN PATIENTS WITH SEPTIC SHOCK AFTER EMERGENCY LAPAROTOMY
Authors: Hasanin Ahmed , Karam Nadia , Mostafa Maha , Abdelnasser Amr , Hamimy Waleed , Fouad Ahmed Z. , Eladawy Akram , Lotfy Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: We aimed to evaluate the ability of inferior vena cava (IVC) distensibility using the transhepatic approach to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock after emergency laparotomy. Methods: This prospective observational study included mechanically ventilated paralyzed adult who had septic shock after emergency laparotomy. The IVC dimensions were measured through the transhepatic and subxiphoid approaches. The fluid responsiveness was confirmed with >15% increase in cardiac output after 500 mL of fluid bolus. The outcomes were the ability of transhepatic (primary outcome) and subxiphoid approach to predict fluid responders using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. The gray zone for the two approaches was calculated. Results: Data from 51 patients were analyzed, and the number of fluid responders was 30 of 52 (58%). The transhepatic approach was feasible in all patients, whereas the subxiphoid approach was only feasible in 42 patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (95% confidence interval) for the transhepatic IVC distensibility was 0.88 (0.76–0.95), and it was comparable with that of the subxiphoid approach (0.81 [0.66–0.92], P = 0.417). The gray zone for the transhepatic IVC distensibility was 17% to 35% including 24 of 51 patients (47%), whereas the gray zone for the subxiphoid IVC distensibility was 13% to 34% including 18 of 42 patients (43%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the transhepatic approach for evaluation of IVC distensibility showed good accuracy in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock after emergency laparotomy. The transhepatic approach showed the same accuracy as the subxiphoid approach with the advantage of being feasible in larger number of patients.
Nitroglycerin use preceding primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Komaki Soichi , Matsuura Yunosuke , Tanaka Hiroki , Moribayashi Kohei , Yamamura Yoshimasa , Kurogi Kazumasa , Ideguchi Takeshi , Yamamoto Nobuyasu , Nakai Michikazu , Tsuruda Toshihiro , Kaikita Koichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe primary care for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) includes the administration of nitroglycerin (GTN). This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of GTN before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ACS and clinical outcomes.Methods and ResultsNine-hundred and forty-seven patients who underwent PCI for ACS were examined and classified into two groups: those who were treated with GTN before PCI (GTN group) and those who were not (non-GTN group). The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which consist of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and rehospitalization for heart failure at 1 year, was compared between the two groups. This study identified 289 patients with ACS who used GTN preceding PCI. Pre-PCI systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the GTN group than in the non-GTN group (median (interquartile range); 130.0 (112.5-144.2) mmHg vs. 142.0 (115.0-160.0) mmHg, respectively, p = 0.03). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that GTN use preceding PCI was an independent determinant for the incidence of MACE (hazard ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.31; p = 0.004). Overall, the incidence of MACE 1 year after PCI for ACS was significantly higher in the GTN group than in the non-GTN group (log-rank test, p = 0.02); however, this trend was consistently found in elderly patients aged ≥ 75 years (p = 0.002) but not in non-elderly patients aged < 75 years (p = 0.77).ConclusionsGTN use preceding PCI for ACS is associated with lower blood pressure and adverse clinical outcomes in elderly patients.
Association between Dysphagia and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety after Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Karisik Anel , Dejakum Benjamin , Moelgg Kurt , Komarek Silvia , Toell Thomas , Mayer-Suess Lukas , Pechlaner Raimund , Kostner Stefanie , Sollereder Simon , Kiechl Sophia , Rossi Sonja , Schoenherr Gudrun , Lang Wilfried , Kiechl Stefan , Knoflach Michael , Boehme Christian ,   the STROKE-CARD Registry study group.
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDysphagia after stroke is associated not only with poor outcome and higher mortality, but also with reduced quality of life and social isolation. We aimed to investigate the potential relationship between swallowing impairment and symptoms of anxiety and depression after ischemic stroke.METHODSConsecutive patients with ischemic stroke participating in the prospective STROKE-CARD Registry study at the study center Innsbruck, Austria from 2020 to 2022 were assessed for presence of dysphagia on hospital admission (clinical swallowing assessment) as well as for persistence until hospital discharge and a 3-month follow-up (SINGER Independency Index). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were recorded using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at 3-month follow-up.RESULTSOf 648 patients (36.6% female), 19.3% had dysphagia at hospital admission which persisted in 14.8% (hospital discharge) and 6.8% (3-month follow-up). With the presence or duration of dysphagia (no dysphagia, dysphagia at baseline, discharge or at 3 months), score points (mean±SD) increased in the BDI (7.9±6.7, 12.5±8.7, 13.5±9.0, 16.5±10.2), HADS-D (4.4±3.7, 7.1±4.2, 7.7±4.4, 9.8±4.3) and HADS-A (4.4±3.5, 5.4±3.6, 6.0±3.6, 7.0±3.6). In linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex and functional disability, BDI and HADS-D but not HADS-A scores were significantly higher in patients with dysphagia when compared to those without dysphagia at baseline or who recovered to discharge and follow-up. Moreover, patients with swallowing impairment were more likely to receive antidepressants, antipsychotics or benzodiazepines at discharge and 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSIONSDysphagia after stroke is common and severely affects psychosocial functioning of individuals. Our results highlight swallowing impairment as an independent predictor of depressive symptoms after stroke.
Dietary Intake Is Associated With the Prevalence of Uterine Leiomyoma in Korean Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Min-Jeong , Kim Sunmie , Kim Jin Ju , Kim Young Sun , Song Ji Hyun , Lee Jung Eun , Youn Jiyoung , Yang Sun Young 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveUterine leiomyoma (UL), the most prevalent benign gynecologic tumor among reproductive-aged women, lacks sufficient research on the potential association between dietary intake and its occurrence in Korean women. Addressing this research gap, this study aims to evaluate the potential link between dietary intake and the prevalence of UL in Korean women.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 672 women, aged 25 to 65, were enrolled, with 383 (57%) being premenopausal. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and UL presence was determined through ultrasonography. The analysis focused exclusively on items within ten categories, including vegetables/fruit, vegetables, fruits, red meat, processed meat, poultry, fish, dairy product, milk, and alcohol. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between dietary intake and the prevalence of UL, calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsWithin the total cohort, 219 (32.6%) women were diagnosed with UL. High intakes of fish and poultry showed an association with higher UL prevalence. Odds ratios (95% CIs) for the upper quartiles compared to the lower quartiles were 1.70 (1.02-2.84; p trend = 0.049) for fish intake and 1.85 (1.09 -3.14; p trend = 0.07) for poultry intake. Conversely, an inverse relationship emerged between dairy product intake and UL prevalence, with an odds ratio of 0.59 (95% CI 0.36–0.98; p trend = 0.06). Stratifying the analysis by menopausal status revealed a parallel pattern, with heightened UL prevalence with fish intake and reduced prevalence with dairy product intake. However, the link between poultry intake and UL prevalence was primarily observed among postmenopausal women. Among premenopausal women, elevated vegetable intake was linked to a decreased UL prevalence (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.22-1.01 for top vs. bottom quartiles; p trend = 0.01).ConclusionWe found that high consumption of fish and poultry, coupled with low intake of dairy products, correlated with an elevated prevalence of UL. Furthermore, vegetable intake exhibited an inverse relationship with UL prevalence, particularly among premenopausal women.
Bat RNA viruses employ viral RHIMs orchestrating species-specific cell death programs linked to Z-RNA sensing and ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling
Authors: Mishra Sanchita , Jain Disha , Dey Ayushi Amin , Nagaraja Sahana , Srivastava Mansi , Khatun Oyahida , Balamurugan Keerthana , Anand Micky , Tripathi Shashank , Ganji Mahipal , Kesavardhana Sannula 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTRHIM is a protein motif in cell death proteins that assembles higher-order signaling complexes and triggers regulated cell death, which in itself limits virus spread and additionally triggers inflammation for mounting immune responses. A few DNA viruses employ viral RHIMs mimicking host RHIMs. However, these viral RHIMs counteract host cell death by interacting with host RHIM proteins and blocking complex formation to alleviate antiviral defenses. Whether RNA viruses operate such viral RHIMs remains unknown. RHIM-protein signaling promotes lung damage and cytokine storm in respiratory RNA virus infections, arguing the presence of viral RHIMs. Here, we report the novel viral RHIMs in Nsp13 and Nsp14 of SARS-CoV-2 and other bat RNA viruses, providing the basis for bats as the hosts for their evolution. Nsp13 promoted cell death in bat and human cells, however, viral RHIM of Nsp13 is more critical for human cell death than bat cells, suggesting species-specific regulation. The conformation of RNA-binding channel in Nsp13 is critical for cell death in bat and human cells. Nsp13 showed RHIM-dependent interactions with ZBP1 and RIPK3 and promoted the formation of large insoluble complexes of ZBP1 and RIPK3. Also, Nsp13 promoted ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling-mediated cell death dependent on intracellular RNA ligands. Intriguingly, the SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of bona fide Z-RNA-forming segments. These SARS-CoV-2 Z-RNA segments promoted Nsp13-dependent cell death, further revealing Nsp13’s association with Z-RNA sensing and ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling. Our findings reveal the functional viral RHIMs of bat-originated RNA viruses regulating host cell death associated with Z-RNA sensing and ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling activation. These observations allow the understanding of mechanisms of cellular damage and cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 and other bat-originated RNA virus infections.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTOne-sentence summaryBat-associated RNA viruses employ viral RHIMs and regulate host cell death.
Temporal weighting of cortical and subcortical spikes reveals stimulus dependent differences in their contributions to behavior
Authors: Cone Jackson J. , Mitchell Autumn O. , Parker Rachel K. , Maunsell John H.R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe primary visual cortex (V1) and the superior colliculus (SC) both occupy stations early in the processing of visual information. They have long been thought to perform distinct functions, with V1 supporting perception of visual features and the SC regulating orienting to visual inputs. However, growing evidence suggests that the SC supports perception of many of the same visual features traditionally associated with V1. To distinguish V1 and SC contributions to visual processing, it is critical to determine whether both areas causally contribute to perception of specific visual stimuli. Here, mice reported changes in visual contrast or luminance near perceptual threshold while we presented white noise patterns of optogenetic stimulation to V1 or SC inhibitory neurons. We then performed a reverse correlation analysis on the optogenetic stimuli to estimate a neuronal-behavioral kernel (NBK), a moment-to-moment estimate of the impact of V1 or SC inhibition on stimulus detection. We show that the earliest moments of stimulus-evoked activity in SC are critical for detection of both luminance or contrast changes. Strikingly, there was a robust stimulus-aligned modulation in the V1 contrast-detection NBK, but no sign of a comparable modulation for luminance detection. The data suggest that perception of visual contrast depends on both V1 and SC spiking, whereas mice preferentially use SC activity to detect changes in luminance. Electrophysiological recordings showed that neurons in both SC and V1 responded strongly to both visual stimulus types, while the reverse correlation analysis reveals when these neuronal signals actually contribute to visually-guided behaviors.
Copy number variation and population-specific immune genes in the model vertebrate zebrafish
Authors: Schäfer Yannick , Palitzsch Katja , Leptin Maria , Whiteley Andrew R. , Wiehe Thomas , Suurväli Jaanus 
Published: August 2023

Many species have hundreds of immune genes from the NLR family (Nucleotide-binding domain Leucine-rich Repeat containing). In plants they have a considerable amount of within-species variation, but not much is known about their variability in fishes. Here we captured and analysed the diversity of NLRs in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by sequencing 93 individuals from four wild and two laboratory strains. We found 1,560 unique NLR genes, and theoretical modelling revealed each wild population to have around 2,000. Only 100-550 were detected in each individual fish, and the observed variance of copy numbers differed among populations. Laboratory strains were found to have three times less NLRs than wild populations, and their genetic diversity was lower in general. Many NLRs showed no single nucleotide variation, but those that did showed evidence of purifying selection. Our study lays the groundwork for unraveling mechanisms driving the evolution of this large gene family in vertebrates.Significance statementWe show here that the gene repertoires of vertebrates can be extremely variable, with different individuals having different genes. By sequencing one large family of immune receptors from 93 wild and laboratory zebrafish we found hundreds of novel gene copies, each only present in specific strains or specific individuals. Our observations can be explained by a combination of complex patterns of inheritance and a high rate of gene birth and death.
PROTEIN-O-MANNOSYLATION BY NON-SEC/TAT SECRETION TRANSLOCONS IN ACTINOBACTERIA
Authors: Saxena Hirak , Patel Rucha , Kelly John , Wakarchuk Warren 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProtein-O-mannosylation (POM) is a form ofO-glycosylation that is ubiquitous throughout all domains of life and has been extensively characterized in eukaryotic systems. However, in prokaryotes this process has only been investigated in terms of pathogenicity (inMycobacterium tuberculosis) even though there are many non-pathogenic bacteria that are known to regularly carry out POM. To date, there is no consensus on what benefit POM imparts to the non-pathogenic bacteria that can perform it. Though the generation of a POM deficient mutant ofCorynebacterium glutamicum– a widely utilized and known mannosylating actinobacteria – this work shows that even closely related actinobacterial GT-39s (the enzymes responsible for the initiation of POM) can potentially have different activities and substrate specificities for targets of POM. Moreover, presented here is evidence that POM does not only occur in a SEC-dependent manner; POM also occurs with TAT and non-SEC secreted substrates in a specific and likely tightly regulated manner. Together these results highlight the need for further biochemical characterization of POM in these and other bacterial species to help elucidate the true nature of its biological functions.ImportanceBoth the mechanism and overall cellular function of protein-O-mannosylation, a ubiquitous subset ofO-glycosylation, is poorly understood in bacterial systems. InMycobacterium tuberculosisand other pathogenic actinobacteria, numerous secreted virulence factors were identified as mannoproteins, with protein-O-mannosylation deficient mutants displaying a less virulent phenotype due to these proteins lacking the modification. However, these findings do not offer any explanations as to why non-pathogenic strains of actinobacteria also perform this modification as in these organisms it is seemingly dispensable.Corynebacterium glutamicumis a widely utilized, industrially relevant actinobacteria that also performs protein-O-mannosylation. This manuscript describes the utilization ofC. glutamicumas a Gram-positive recombinant host for thein vivostudy of actinobacterial protein-O-mannosylation and demonstrates the distinct lack of first-hand biochemical data of the process in prokaryotes.
Mutation ofmltGincreases peptidoglycan fragment release, cell size, and antibiotic susceptibility inNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Harris-Jones Tiffany N. , Pérez Medina Krizia M. , Hackett Kathleen T. , Schave Melanie A. , Schaub Ryan E. , Dillard Joseph P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInfection with the Gram-negative speciesNeisseria gonorrhoeaeleads to inflammation that is responsible for the disease symptoms of gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. During growth these bacteria release significant amounts of peptidoglycan (PG) fragments which elicit inflammatory responses in the human host. To better understand the mechanisms involved in PG synthesis and breakdown inN. gonorrhoeae, we characterized the effects of mutation ofmltG. MltG has been identified in other bacterial species as a terminase that stops PG strand growth by cleaving the growing glycan. Mutation ofmltGinN. gonorrhoeaedid not affect bacterial growth rate but resulted in increased PG turnover, more cells of large size, decreased autolysis under non-growth conditions, and increased sensitivity to antibiotics that affect PG crosslinking. AnmltGmutant released greatly increased amounts of PG monomers, PG dimers, and larger oligomers. In themltGbackground, mutation of eitherltgAorltgD, encoding the lytic transglycosylases responsible for PG monomer liberation, resulted in wild-type levels of PG monomer release. Bacterial two-hybrid assays identified positive interactions of MltG with synthetic penicillin-binding proteins PBP1 and PBP2 and the PG-degrading endopeptidase PBP4 (PbpG). These data are consistent with MltG acting as a terminase inN. gonorrhoeaeand suggest that absence of MltG activity results in excessive PG growth and extra PG in the sacculus that must be degraded by lytic transglycosylases including LtgA and LtgD. Furthermore, absence of MltG causes a cell wall defect that is manifested as large cell size and antibiotic sensitivity.ImportanceNeisseria gonorrhoeaeis unusual in that the bacteria release larger amounts of cell wall material as they grow as compared to related bacteria, and the released cell wall fragments induce inflammation that leads to tissue damage in infected people. The study of MltG revealed the importance of this enzyme for controlling cell wall growth, cell wall fragment production, and bacterial cell size and suggest a role for MltG in a cell wall synthesis and degradation complex. The increased antibiotic sensitivities of anmltGmutant suggest that an antimicrobial drug inhibiting MltG would be useful in combination therapy to restore the sensitivity of the bacteria to cell wall targeting antibiotics to which the bacteria are currently resistant.
Immune memory shapes human polyclonal antibody responses to H2N2 vaccination
Authors: Yang Yuhe R. , Han Julianna , Perrett Hailee R. , Richey Sara T. , Jackson Abigail M. , Rodriguez Alesandra J. , Gillespie Rebecca A. , O’Connell Sarah , Raab Julie E. , Cominsky Lauren Y. , Chopde Ankita , Kanekiyo Masaru , Houser Katherine V. , Chen Grace L. , McDermott Adrian B. , Andrews Sarah F. , Ward Andrew B. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryInfluenza A virus subtype H2N2, which caused the 1957 influenza pandemic, remains a global threat. A recent phase I clinical trial investigating a ferritin nanoparticle displaying H2 hemagglutinin in H2-naïve and H2-exposed adults. Therefore, we could perform comprehensive structural and biochemical characterization of immune memory on the breadth and diversity of the polyclonal serum antibody response elicited after H2 vaccination. We temporally map the epitopes targeted by serum antibodies after first and second vaccinations and show previous H2 exposure results in higher responses to the variable head domain of hemagglutinin while initial responses in H2-naïve participants are dominated by antibodies targeting conserved epitopes. We use cryo-EM and monoclonal B cell isolation to describe the molecular details of cross-reactive antibodies targeting conserved epitopes on the hemagglutinin head including the receptor binding site and a new site of vulnerability deemed the medial junction. Our findings accentuate the impact of pre-existing influenza exposure on serum antibody responses.HighlightsSerum Abs after first H2-F vaccination in H2-exposed donors bound variable HA head epitopesSerum Abs after first H2-F vaccination in H2-naïve donors bound conserved HA head and stem epitopesRBS-targeting VH1-69 cross-reactive antibodies were induced in H2-naïve individualsThe medial junction is a previously uncharacterized conserved epitope on the HA head
Deep proteome analysis of time-series human plasma samples applied to Covid-19 antibody test
Authors: Fukuda Tetsuya , Nakayama Aya , Chikaoka Yoko , Bando Yasuhiko , Kawamura Takeshi 
Published: August 2023

SummaryFor the purpose of Covid-19 antibody testing, the human plasma samples acquired over a period of 310 days from August 18, 2021, to June 22, 2022, were subjected to DIA LC-MS proteome analysis. This process led to the acquisition of a quantitative protein profile and allowed for the validation of the temporal behavior of expressed proteins within the samples. A total of 1502 proteins were identified from the plasma samples. Before vaccination, after the first dose, after the second dose, and during the period after contracting the novel coronavirus, protein quantification values during each event interval were compared. Despite minimal changes observed before and after Covid-19 vaccination, notable proteins exhibiting distinct high-expression and low-expression patterns were identified after contracting the novel coronavirus infection.