bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraradicular Diameter, Remnant Dentin Thickness, and Endodontic Post to Dentin Distance: CBCT and Microscopic Analyses
Authors: Souza Júlio C. M. , Soares Catarina , Fernandes Valter , Carvalho Oscar , Silva Filipe , Özcan Mutlu , Henriques Bruno 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work was to measure the tooth root canals’ diameter, remnant dentin thickness, endodontic post to dentin distance, and resin-matrix cement layer after three types of root canal shaping. Thirty extracted human premolars were endodontically treated and groups of specimens were divided according to the cementation with two different endodontic posts as follow: A) Fibio Fiberglass Post™, Anthogyr, France; B) multi-filament GFRC (Rebilda GT™, VOCO, Germany). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and conventional X-ray analyses were performed before and after the endodontic post cementation. After cementation, specimens were cross-sectioned and inspected by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy at magnification ranging from × 30 up to × 2000. Changes in shaping of the root canals caused a decrease in the thickness of the remnant tooth tissues. CBCT and microscopic analyses also revealed a clear variation of resin-matrix cement around the glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) posts. A multi-filament GFRC post provided an adequate distribution of filaments although the resin-matrix cement revealed a high volume among the filaments. An increase in thickness and volume of resin-matrix cement was noticed at the coronal third since the fitting was compromised due to tooth anatomic variations and root canal preparation. Defects such macro-scale pores, cracks, and voids were also detected by microscopic analyses. The root canal shaping can promote a decrease in the thickness of the remnant tooth tissues that can increase the risks of clinical failures by fracture. The thickness and volume of resin-matrix cement varied around both GFRC posts and increased from the apex up to the coronal third due to the lack of fitting.
Graphical Abstract
On Classical and Bayesian Reliability of Systems Using Bivariate Generalized Geometric Distribution
Authors: Abbas Nasir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study of system safety and reliability has always been vital for the quality and manufacturing engineers of varying fields for which generally the continuous probability distributions are proposed. Bivariate and multivariate continuous distributions are the candidates while studying more than one characteristic of the system. In this article, an attempt is made to address this issue when the reliability systems generate bivariate and correlated count datasets. The bivariate generalized geometric distribution (BGGD) is believed to serve as a potential candidate to model such types of datasets. Bayesian approach of data analysis has the potential of accommodating the uncertainty associated with the model parameters of interest using uninformative and informative priors. A real life bivariate correlated dataset is analyzed in Bayesian framework and the results are compared with those produced by the classical approach. Posterior summaries including posterior means, highest density regions, and predicted expected frequencies of the bivariate data are evaluated. Different information criteria are evaluated to compare the inferential methods under study. The entire analysis is carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) set-up of data augmentation implemented through WinBUGS.
A lacuna in Irish historiography: the Irish peregrini from Eoin MacNeill to The Cambridge history of Ireland and beyond
Authors: O'Hara Alexander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article highlights some of the historiographical trends over the past one hundred years in how the Irish diaspora in early medieval Europe has been studied. The role of the peregrini, the Irish monastic exiles who left Ireland for Britain and continental Europe from the sixth century onwards, has to some extent been marginal and tangential to the historiography of this island. Forms of modern ‘Irophobia’ in some scholarship have also led to an obfuscation of the early medieval religious and ethnic landscape by seeking to minimise Irish cultural influence. The article argues that by contextualising the phenomenon of Irish clerical exile in Europe within broader theological and comparative frameworks, further research in this field has the potential to clarify the influence of the Irish and to show how the experience of exile contributed to the formation of both Irish and European identities in the middle ages.
Overlords, underlords and landlords: negotiating land and lordship in plantation Munster
Authors: Smith Margaret K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores the legal strategies of negotiation employed by Gaelic lords in early modern Munster through a case study of the O'Driscoll lordship of Collymore, County Cork. The late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries produced an environment of intense legal contestation, as indigenous legal practices and hierarchies were methodically attacked by the colonial administration. But, as English administrators attempted to eradicate Irish legal precedent (and with it the legitimacy of the Gaelic aristocracy), Gaelic lords responded with new and often innovative legal strategies. The territory of Collymore presents a microcosm of the legal tensions produced by and under the Munster plantation, subject to competing claims by rival O'Driscoll heirs, MacCarthy Reagh overlords, ‘Old English’ neighbours and incoming planters. This article offers a reconstruction and analysis of the complex legal disputes surrounding Collymore. It argues that through otherwise routine legal interactions like inheritance disputes and chancery suits, Irish lords reframed their authority in the vocabulary of English law, trading tanistry for primogeniture and the language of overlordship for that of landlordship. Through these rhetorical and theoretical shifts, they attempted to redefine the very basis and nature of their authority.
Flaying the sheep: the 1657 assessment tax and the problems of government in Cromwellian Ireland
Authors: Little Patrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe assessment tax on land, which paid the occupying army, increased steadily during the 1650s, and soon out-stripped the capacity of the Irish economy, slowly recovering from over a decade of war. Matters came to a head in 1657, when there were efforts by Irish M.P.s at Westminster to reduce the rate, and also pressure from Protestant landowners on the Dublin government to change the way in which the tax was administered. These initiatives brought together landowners from very different backgrounds and from all four provinces, in a coordinated campaign of lobbying which achieved considerable gains in Dublin but was less successful in London. This article uses new evidence to explore the problems endemic within the assessment system, the way in which influence could be brought to bear, and the difficulties encountered by those trying to change policies imposed from across the Irish Sea.
‘Many attend chiefly in search of pleasure’: the Great National Horse Show at the Royal Dublin Society, 1868–80
Authors: Murphy Sherra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the foundation of the Dublin Horse Show from 1868–80, when it was held at the Royal Dublin Society's (R.D.S.) headquarters on Merrion Square. Early iterations were intended to address the depletion of the equine population in the mid-nineteenth century, a matter of concern for agriculture and industry, but also for those with an interest in sport and horses as opportunities for leisure. Horse shows arose nearly simultaneously in Ireland and England as intersections between associational culture, agricultural improvement and a burgeoning middle-class leisure sphere established animal shows as instruments for improving breeding, but also as forms of entertainment. The popular success of horse shows fostered the development of economic clusters, as local businesses began to depend on them as reliable sources of annual income. They also reflected equestrian sport's migration from largely elite pursuits into popular recreation, including competitions that would eventually lead to the modern sport of showjumping. The events established at the early R.D.S. Horse Show are still recognisable today in their combination of improvement and leisure based in the promotion of Irish horses as exemplars of sporting excellence.
Revolution and nationalism in Treatyite political thought, 1891–1924
Authors: Donnelly Seán 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe last fifty years have witnessed the production of a large body of scholarship exploring the political and social history of the Irish Civil War and its aftermath. Debate has focused principally on the administrative abilities and democratic credentials of the Free State government and the extent to which revolutionary ideals were expressed institutionally following the ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921. However, there has been strikingly little attempt to contextualise, rather than appraise, the lineage of the moral and ideological assumptions embedded in the executive council's public professions of political conviction, or to understand Treatyite policy-making on its own terms. In particular, historians have tended to weigh and measure the performance of the Cumann na nGaedheal government against anachronistic and moralising definitions of what the Irish revolution stood for at the expense of any systematic attempt to reconstruct the manner in which relevant historical actors understood this relationship. Focusing on the heterodox intellectual firmament of the Irish-Ireland movement, this paper demonstrates that the Cumann na nGaedheal government never abandoned the political languages of the revolution; rather, they constructed an ideology to support the new state rooted in their own interpretation of what they considered revolutionary ideals of Irish-Ireland nationalism.
Racial resentment and support for COVID-19 travel bans in the United States
Authors: Gadarian Shana Kushner , Goodman Sara Wallace , Pepinsky Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTravel bans were a globally prevalent policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States, travel bans against China and European countries proved a broadly popular mitigation tool among Americans. Why did Americans support COVID-19 travel bans? We fielded two novel survey experiments, surveying 3000 American citizens across five waves (between March 2020 and March 2021). In randomizing the country of origin of those potentially subject to travel ban measures, we find consistent evidence that racial attitudes drive support for travel bans. The strength of this relationship varies across political parties and across hypothetical target countries but is not explained by objective caseloads that change across countries and over the course of the pandemic.
Stenting of native right ventricular outflow tract obstructions in symptomatic infants: histological work-up of explanted specimen
Authors: Happel Christoph M. , Bertram Harald , Kretschmar Oliver , Eildermann Katja , Schmiady Martin O. , Sigler Matthias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Stenting of stenotic right ventricular outflow tract is a palliative measure for severely impaired small babies with Tetralogy of Fallot or similar pathologies. Little is known about the histopathological fate of the stents in the right ventricular outflow tract.Methods:Eight samples of surgically removed right ventricular outflow tract stents were histologically analysed according to a predefined protocol.Results:The most frequent diagnosis was Tetralogy of Fallot in four patients, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect in two patients, double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary obstruction in one patient, and muscular obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in one patient with a syndromic disease with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Stents mean implantation duration was 444 days ranging from 105 to 1117 days (median 305.5 days). Histology revealed a variable degree of pseudointima formation consisting of fibromuscular cells surrounded by extracellular matrix. Four of the specimen contained adjacent myocardial tissue fragments, which showed regressive changes. Neither myocardium nor pseudointima tissue or tissue parts locally related to stent struts were infiltrated by inflammatory cells.Conclusions:Histological analysis after explantation of early-in-life implanted right ventricular outflow tract stents revealed predominantly pronounced neo-intimal proliferation with a visible endothelial layer, no signs of inflammation, and no prolapse of muscular tissue through the stent struts. Thus, implantation of stents in early life seems to interfere little with the hosts’ immune system and might help to open up the right ventricular outflow tract by mechanical forces and regressive changes in adjacent muscular tissue.
Socio-economic and agricultural factors associated with stunting of under 5-year children: findings from surveys in mountains, dry zone and delta regions of rural Myanmar (2016–2017)
Authors: Htet Min Kyaw , Do Tran Thanh , Wah Thet , Zin Thant , Hmone Myat Pan , Raihana Shahreen , Kirkwood Elizabeth , Hlaing Lwin Mar , Dibley Michael J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective:The study’s objective was to investigate multiple underlying social, economic and agricultural determinants of stunting among under-five children in three distinct ecological areas in rural Myanmar.Design:Repeated cross-sectional surveys in three states of Myanmar.Setting:Rural households in Chin (mountainous), Magway (plains) and Ayeyarwady (delta).Participants:From two purposively selected adjacent townships in each state, we randomly selected twenty villages and, in each village, thirty households with under-five children. Households in the first survey in 2016 were revisited in late 2017 to capture seasonal variations.Results:Stunting increased from 40·4 % to 42·0 %, with the highest stunting prevalence in Chin state (62·4%). Univariate Poisson regression showed factors contributing to child stunting varied across the regions. Adjusted Poisson regression models showed that child’s age and short maternal stature (aRR = 1·14 for Chin, aRR = 1·89 for Magway and aRR = 1·86 for Ayeyarwady) were consistently associated with child stunting across three areas. For Chin, village-level indicators such as crop consumption (aRR = 1·18), crop diversity (aRR = 0·82) and land ownership (aRR = 0·89) were significantly associated with stunting. In Magway, the number of household members (aRR = 1·92), wealth status (aRR = 0·46), food security status (aRR = 1·14), land ownership (aRR = 0·85) and in Ayeyarwady, women’s decision-making (aRR = 0·67) and indicators related to hygiene (aRR = 1·13) and sanitation (aRR = 1·45) were associated with stunting.Conclusions:Area-specific factors were associated with stunting. Maternal short stature and child age were consistent determinants of stunting. A multi-sectoral local approach, including improvements in transport, is needed to address the intergenerational malnutrition problem.
Amigos de Fibro (Fibro Friends): validation of an e-book to promote health in fibromyalgia
Authors: Antunes Mateus Dias , Schmitt Ana Carolina Basso , Pasqual Marques Amélia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Educational strategies are necessary for the care of patients with fibromyalgia. The objective was to develop and validate an e-book to promote the health of individuals with fibromyalgia.

Methods:
Methodological research in which, initially, through a bibliographic survey, the available publications on the subject were analyzed. Then, this knowledge was used to build the theoretical content addressed, and the art and layout of the e-book were elaborated. In the third phase, validation of the constructed material, content specialists (n = 23), technicians (n = 23) and design specialists (n = 23), and individuals with fibromyalgia (n = 45) evaluated the e-book through the Delphi technique. For data collection, different questionnaires were used, according to the evaluation focus of each participant group, analyzed for reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha (αC) and agreement using the Content Validity Index (CVI).

Results:
In the global assessment of agreement from all groups of judges, the CVI presented a considerable minimum: content (0.79), technical (0.89), design (0.92), and target audience (0.97). Regarding reliability, all groups also had a αC within the acceptable range: content (0.960), technical (0.963), design (0.977), and target audience (1.08).

Conclusions:
The e-book was developed and validated in terms of content and relevance and can be used to promote the health of individuals with fibromyalgia.
High-efficiency broadband power amplifier with split-ring resonator second harmonic output matching network
Authors: Song Yu , Liu Guohua , Cheng Zhiqun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a realization method for high-efficiency broadband power amplifier (PA) based on split-ring resonator (SRR) second harmonic output matching network (SHOMN) is presented. The SRR is composed of double rectangular rings, and it can flexibly match the second harmonic components to the high-efficiency impedance region in the Smith chart in a wide frequency band. Besides, the impedance transformation characteristic of SRR is derived, and the optimal output impedance is converted from the transistor drain to the output of SHOMN for accurate fundamental matching. For validation, a PA operating in 1.2–3.0 GHz is designed and fabricated for a 10-W GaN transistor. The measurement results show that the maximum efficiency can reach 78.3%; meanwhile, the average saturated output power is 41.0 dBm.
Shift in Peaks of PAH‐Associated Health Risks From East Asia to South Asia and Africa in the Future
Authors: Lou Sijia , Shrivastava Manish , Ding Aijun , Easter Richard C. , Fast Jerome D. , Rasch Philip J. , Shen Huizhong , Massey Simonich Staci L. , Smith Steven J. , Tao Shu , Zelenyuk Alla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLung cancer risk from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is expected to change significantly by 2050 compared to 2008 due to changes in climate and emissions. Integrating a global atmospheric chemistry model, a lung cancer risk model, and plausible future emissions trajectories of PAHs, we assess how global PAHs and their associated lung cancer risk will likely change in the future. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is used as an indicator of cancer risk from PAH mixtures. From 2008 to 2050, the population‐weighted global average BaP concentrations under all RCPs consistently exceeded the WHO‐recommended limits, primarily attributed to residential biofuel use. Peaks in PAH‐associated incremental lifetime cancer risk shift from East Asia (4 × 10−5) in 2008 to South Asia (mostly India, 2–4 × 10−5) and Africa (1–2 × 10−5) by 2050. In the developing regions of Africa and South Asia, PAH‐associated lung cancer risk increased by 30–64% from 2008 to 2050, due to increasing residential energy demand in households for cooking, heating, and lighting, the continued use of traditional biomass use, increases in agricultural waste burning, and forest fires, accompanied by rapid population growth in these regions. Due to more stringent air quality policies in developed countries, their PAH lung cancer risk substantially decreased by ∼80% from 2008 to 2050. Climate change is likely to have minor effects on PAH lung cancer risk compared to the impact of emissions. Future policies, therefore, need to consider efficient combustion technologies that reduce air pollutant emissions, including incomplete combustion products such as PAH.
The Contribution of Microrefugia to Landscape Thermal Inertia for Climate‐Adaptive Conservation Strategies
Authors: Thorne J. H. , Boynton R. M. , Hollander A. D. , Flint L. E. , Flint A. L. , Urban D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrent temperatures in microrefugia may persist longer than in nearby areas as temperatures warm. However, locating and measuring the contribution of microrefugia to thermal inertia in a landscape is challenging. We measured the thermal buffering capacity of microrefugia across a 40,000 km2 region of complex mountain topography by quantifying environmental lapse rate and solar radiation effects on air temperature in 0.1 km2 hexagons, a resource management‐relevant scale for climate adaptation. The greatest buffering capacity is −1.62°C, and only 2.8% of the region can buffer 1°C or greater. Historical loss of local cooling capacity is low, but by 2069 only 6.9%–11% of the region retains baseline temperature conditions. This thermal buffer index can find the most climate change‐buffered areas in lands identified as high priority for habitat conservation, wildlife corridors, and forest preservation. Other processes such as cold air pooling can complement our approach but depend on additional factors.
Buried Alive: Imaging the 9 November 2022, Mw 5.5 Earthquake Source on the Offshore Adriatic Blind Thrust Front of the Northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Maesano F. E. , Buttinelli M. , Maffucci R. , Toscani G. , Basili R. , Bonini L. , Burrato P. , Fedorik J. , Fracassi U. , Panara Y. , Tarabusi G. , Tiberti M. M. , Valensise G. , Vallone R. , Vannoli P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe prompt identification of faults responsible for moderate‐to‐large earthquakes is fundamental for understanding the likelihood of further, potentially damaging events. This is increasingly challenging when the activated fault is an offshore buried thrust, where neither coseismic surface ruptures nor GPS/InSAR deformation data are available after an earthquake. We show that on 9 November 2022, an Mw 5.5 earthquake offshore Pesaro ruptured a portion of the buried Northern Apennines thrust front (the Cornelia thrust system [CTS]). By post‐processing and interpreting the seismic reflection profiles crossing this thrust system, we determined that the activated fault (CTS) is an arcuate 30‐km‐long, NW‐SE striking, SW dipping thrust and that older structures at its footwall possibly influenced its position and geometry. The activation of adjacent segments of the thrust system is a plausible scenario that deserves to be further investigated to understand the full earthquake potential of this offshore seismogenic source.