bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Germplasms for Resistant Sources against Turcicum Leaf Blight Disease in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Bhaskar A. Vijaya , Usharani G.  , Sravani D.  
Published: September 2023

The present studies were aimed to evaluate 490 maize entries for resistance against turcicum leaf blight (TLB) disease in randomized block design using a check at Agricultural Research Station, Karimnagar, Telangana State, India during rabi (November,2021 to Febrauary,2022) and kharif (July,2022 to October,2022). Out of 213 lines during rabi 2021−2022,16 promising entries viz.,KML-21,KML-24,KML-33,KMH-388,KMH-275,KMH-373,KMH-478,KMH-370,KMH-257,KMH-393,KMH-340,KMH-131,KMH-41,KMH-36, SAMRAT and KMH- 64 were identified as resistant ,157 lines were recorded as moderately resistant,38 lines were recorded as moderately susceptible and CM-202 entry was recorded 80.42 per cent disease index (PDI).Out of 277 lines during kharif 2022,3 lines viz.,KMH-804,KMH-751 and KML-86 were identified as resistant lines to turcicum leaf blight disease,132 lines were moderately resistant,one line CM-202 was noticed with high 81.42 per cent disease index and severely affected by turcicum leaf blight and rated as susceptible during kharif, 2022.
Host Preference, Salt Balance and Molecular Characteristics of African Mistletoes in Selected Areas of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Tenufa, M. H.  , Maishanu, H. M.  , Anka, S. A.  , Muhammad, A. S.  , Gumi, A. M.  
Published: September 2023

Mistletoes are hemi parasitic plants that are widely distributed and parasitize host trees globally. The aim of this study was to identify African mistletoes using DNA markers, determine their host preferences and salt balance in selected communities of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. A total of 8communities were surveyed and the number of mistletoes on the host trees were counted and recorded. In addition, host characteristics such as canopy spread, tree height, water holding capacity and mistletoe-host nutrients (N+, K+, Ca2+ and P+ concentrations) equilibrium was determined. Molecular identification of collected mistletoe samples was done using DNA Barcoding with Rbcl targeted specific primers and sequence analysis using DNA Subway database. The results revealed that Acacia nilotica tree was highly infested by the mistletoe. Host canopy spread, basal area and height had no influence over mistletoe infestation. The concentration of N+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and P+ were found to be higher in the mistletoes compared to the host trees. Molecular identification of the collected mistletoes revealed close relationship with Moquiniella rubra, belonging to the family Loranthaceae. It can be concluded from the result that the mistletoes in the study areas are Moquiniella rubra and depend solely on the host trees for their nutrients requirement and survival.
The Effect of Aging by Acidic Solutions, that Simulate the Oral Conditions of Patients with Nervous Bulimia, on the Bond Strength of Repairs Influenced Using Different Bulk Fill and Nanoparticulate Composites
Authors: Donini Emerson Delazari , Rosa Saulo Vinícius da , Ricardi Felipe de Brum , Detogni Anna Caroliny , Silva Marina Pereira , Busato Mauro Carlos Agner , Ueda Julio Katuhide , Camilotti Veridiana , Mendonça Marcio José 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of aged and post-repair composites in different solutions, namely distilled water [DW]; 75% water/alcohol [WA]; and 0.02 N nitric acid [NA], which simulates the acidic conditions in the oral cavity of patients with bulimia nervosa.
Methods: We used five composites: one nanoparticulate (Z350) and four bulk fills—Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (FBFF), Surefil SDR Flow (SURE), and Opus Bulk Fill Flow (OPUS). Samples were prepared from each material and aged for 30 days. The composites underwent a surface treatment followed by repair. The repaired samples were aged for another 30 days in the same solutions used previously and subjected to the tensile test with the universal test machine. The mean values obtained for each composite were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA tests, followed by the Tukey post-test (p < 0.05).
Results: In most comparisons made among the composites, the nanoparticulate composite showed the worst bond strength values when used for repair, while the bulk fill composites showed the best results when used for repair. The highest bond strength values (MPa) were obtained with the combination of SURE/FBF-NA (8.41 ± 0.91), while the lowest values were obtained with the combination of SURE/FBFF-WA (1.57 ± 0.21).
Conclusions: Combinations of different post-repair composites were better than those of the composites alone for most of the studied groups. The DW and NA solutions did not influence adhesive strength. The WA solution reduced adhesive resistance in most studied combinations. The bulk fill composites showed higher adhesive resistance to the nanoparticulate composite for the repair of aging restorations. Aging in acidic solution affected the adhesive strength of repaired composites less than did aging in water/alcohol.
Modelling of Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) - Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Controller for a Solar Photovoltaic System
Authors: Areola R. I. , Aluko O. A. , Dare-Adeniran O. I. 
Published: September 2023

Aim: The aim of this research is to model and simulate Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) - based MPPT Controller and also compare its performance with the Perturb and Observe MPPT controller for Photovoltaic systems.
Study of the Design: The PV system consists of a PV module, a PWM inverter, an MPPT controller and a DC-DC converter, all of which are connected using Matlab-Simulink environment.
Methodology: The ANFIS reference model is constructed based on two input parameters: solar irradiance and temperature. Its output parameter is the reference maximum power output. The temperature and irradiance data employed for the particular site examined in this study have been acquired from an online global database. The P&O MPPT method was used as a benchmark against the proposed ANFIS-based MPPT technique using Matlab-Simuink Enviroment.
Results: In the absence of the controller, the PV voltage registered at 50V. However, through the ANFIS-based MPPT, the incoming voltage from the PV was able to roughly double. Conversely, in the absence of the controller, the PV current stabilized at 4.5A, but the ANFIS-based MPPT managed to reduce this incoming current from the PV by approximately half.
The generated PV power follows a similar trajectory to the theoretical PV power, reaching a peak of around 420W, which closely aligns with the theoretical peak power of 440W. The power spans the range from nearly 0 to 420W. As a result, the overall efficiency of the ANFIS-based MPPT charge controller is estimated to be around 60%.
Conclusion: The evaluation of the ANFIS-based MPPT and Perturb and Observe-based MPPT Controllers reveals that the Perturb and Observe-based controller demonstrated superior efficiency. Based on this investigation, it can be inferred that both MPPT controllers effectively address uncertain weather scenarios and can readily accommodate challenges such as partial shading and other irregularities commonly associated with varying weather conditions.
COVID‐19 Vaccine Uptake, Hesitancy, and Flare in a Large Rheumatology Practice Network
Authors: Holladay Emily E. , Mudano Amy S. , Xie Fenglong , Stewart Patrick , Jackson Lesley E. , Danila Maria I. , Gavigan Kelly , Nowell William B. , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to ascertain COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, reasons for hesitancy, and self‐reported flare in a large rheumatology practice‐based network.MethodsA tablet‐based survey was deployed by 108 rheumatology practices from December 2021 to December 2022. Patients were asked about COVID‐19 vaccine status and why they might not receive a vaccine or booster. We used descriptive statistics to explore the differences between vaccination status and vaccine and booster hesitancy, comparing patients with and without autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between vaccine uptake and AIIRD status and self‐reported flare and AIIRD status. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aORs).ResultsOf the 61,158 patients, 89% reported at least one dose of vaccine; of the vaccinated, 68% reported at least one booster. Vaccinated patients were less likely to have AIIRDs (44% vs 56%). A greater proportion of patients with AIIRDs were vaccine hesitant (14% vs 10%) and booster hesitant (21% vs 16%) compared to patients without AIIRDs. Safety concerns (28%) and side effects (23%) were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy, whereas a lack of recommendation from the physician was the primary factor for booster hesitancy (23%). Patients with AIIRD did not have increased odds of self‐reported flare or worsening disease compared to patients without with AIIRD (aOR 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.05). Among the patients who were vaccine hesitant and booster hesitant, 12% and 39% later reported receiving a respective dose. Patients with AIIRD were 32% less likely to receive a vaccine (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.65–0.72) versus patients without AIIRD.ConclusionSome patients who are vaccine and booster hesitant eventually receive a vaccine dose, and future interventions tailored to patients with AIIRD may be fruitful.
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Path planning for fast swarm source seeking in unknown environments
Authors: Chen Guodong , Yuan Shuai , Zhu Xiaozhe , Zhou Guoqing , Zhang Zexu 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThis article proposes a novel path planning method for source seeking by UAV swarm using extremum seeking control mechanism and combined artificial potential functions, without the knowledge of position information. In particular, the swarm source seeking problem is reformulated as a minimum seeking of a combined artificial potential function that considers the potentials of obstacles, source, and collision avoidance between UAVs. The explicit form of the combined artificial potential function is unknown and its value can be measured by the sensors mounted on UAVs. The fast extremum seeking mechanism based on the normalized extremum seeking method is exploited to find the gradient of the combined artificial potential function and the target is located without using its position information. Finally, extensive simulations of source seeking for single UAV and swarm are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed path planning method.
Cryo‐TEM Study of High‐Performance Iron Difluoride Cathode Enabled by Low Temperature CVD Carbon Coating
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Zhu Dingding , Su Yong , Wu Feixiang , Ren Xiaolei , Zhang Xuedong , Ou Xiangze , Rao Yaling , Xie Long , Tang Liang , Huang Jianyu , Huang Qiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetal fluorides (MFs) are regarded as high‐capacity conversion cathode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries with high energy density. However, these cathodes suffer from poor electronic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and deleterious cathode solid electrolyte interface (CEI) formation, which may cause rapid cell degradation upon cycling. Herein, a low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) carbon coating technology is successfully achieved to coat MFs‐FeF2 with a thin amorphous carbon layer, which promotes the formation of a stable CEI with improved electronic and ionic transport property. Consequently, a discharge capacity higher than 450 mAh g−1 of the CVD coated FeF2 is achieved with a capacity retention at about 75% after 2500 cycles in a saturated electrolyte. Moreover, an unprecedented cycling performance with the discharge capacity of 350 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles in a super diluted electrolyte is also achieved. Advanced cryo‐electron microscopy reveals that the carbon coating significantly suppresses the undesirable CEI formation and promotes the formation of a thin CEI with excellent chemo‐mechanical property. This work provides a feasible technology to stabilize the important interface on MFs and offers a new strategy to accelerate the commercial adoption of such cathodes.
Scalable and interfacial gap‐free mixed matrix membranes for efficient anion separation
Authors: Xu Tingting , Wang Yue , Chen Qian , Zhu Yanran , Li Wenmin , Sheng Fangmeng , Ge Liang , Li Xingya , Xu Tongwen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are promising in ion separation due to the simple preparation process. However, traditional metal–organic framework and covalent organic framework fillers lack the solution processibility and show interfacial defects between polymer matrixes and fillers, resulting in unsatisfactory separation performance. Herein, a soluble porous organic cage (POC) (i.e., CC3) is used as the filler to fabricate a large scale (~2000 cm2) and interfacial gap‐free ionic polymer (HPABP)‐CC3 membrane by a facile co‐solvent casting and rapid crystallization method. The resultant HPABP‐CC3(15) membrane shows a high Cl− flux of 2.24 mol m−2 h−1 and a Cl−/SO42− selectivity of 12.67, which is 3.6 and 3.0 times that of the HPABP membrane, respectively. Moreover, the HPABP‐CC3 membranes possess excellent cyclic and long‐term stability during the electrodialysis process. Therefore, we provide a facile strategy to scale up POC MMMs with synergistically enhanced ion flux and selectivity and the possibility for potential industrial ion separations.
Photocatalytic Dearomative Intermolecular Seven‐Membered Ring Construction of Benzofurans
Authors: Harada Shinji , Yamamoto Juntaro , Okabe Akito , Arai Shigeru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report the synthesis of seven‐membered carbocycles through the dearomative intermolecular reaction of benzofurans with vinylcyclopropanes. The significant feature of this method involves activating benzofurans through energy transfer from an activated photocatalyst. Substituent effects were investigated for each substrate, and hydrocyclohepta[b]benzofurans with a tetrasubstituted carbon were obtained as a single diastereomer. This synthetic approach compliments the reported methodologies for synthesizing this type of skeleton and introduces a new feedstock for this skeleton with a different substitution pattern. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism suggested that the reaction proceeds stepwise through addition, small ring opening, and re‐cyclization. This novel synthetic approach opens up new possibilities for efficiently constructing seven‐membered carbocycles. Moreover, it provides a valuable platform for discovering unique molecules with diverse substitution patterns.
Porous Cyclodextrin Polymer Enables Dendrite‐Free and Ultra‐Long Life Solid‐State Zn‐I2 Batteries
Authors: Su Yang , Wang Xinlu , Zhang Minghang , Guo Huimin , Sun Haizhu , Huang Gang , Liu Dongtao , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractZn‐I2 batteries have attracted attention due to their low cost, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, their performance is still limited by the irreversible growth of Zn dendrites, hydrogen evolution reactions, corrosion, and shuttle effect of polyiodide. In this work, we have prepared a new porous polymer (CD‐Si) by nucleophilic reaction of β‐cyclodextrin with SiCl4, and CD‐Si is applied to the solid polymer electrolyte (denoted PEO/PVDF/CD‐Si) to solve above‐mentioned problems. Through the anchoring of the CD‐Si, a conductive network with dual transmission channels was successfully constructed. Due to the non‐covalent anchoring effect, the ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) can reach 1.64×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C. The assembled symmetrical batteries can achieve highly reversible dendrite‐free galvanizing/stripping (stable cycling for 7500 h at 5 mA cm−2 and 1200 h at 20 mA cm−2). The solid‐state Zn‐I2 battery shows an ultra‐long life of over 35,000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to elucidate the working mechanism of CD‐Si in the polymer matrix. This work provides a novel strategy towards solid electrolytes for Zn‐I2 batteries.
Dual‐Role of Polyelectrolyte‐Tethered Benzimidazolium Cation in Promoting CO2/Pure Water Co‐Electrolysis to Ethylene
Authors: Xue Liwei , Gao Zeyu , Ning Tianshu , Li Wenzheng , Li Jinmeng , Yin Jinlong , Xiao Li , Wang Gongwei , Zhuang Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), as a promising route to realize negative carbon emissions, is known to be strongly affected by electrolyte cations (i.e., cation effect). In contrast to the widely‐studied alkali cations in liquid electrolytes, the effect of organic cations grafted on alkaline polyelectrolytes (APE) remains unexplored, although APE has already become an essential component of CO2 electrolyzers. Herein, by studying the organic cation effect on CO2RR, we find that benzimidazolium cation (Beim+) significantly outperforms other commonly‐used nitrogenous cations (R4N+) in promoting C2+ (mainly C2H4) production over copper electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and in situ spectroscopy studies reveal that the Beim+ can synergistically boost the CO2 to *CO conversion and reduce the proton supply at the electrocatalytic interface, thus facilitating the *CO dimerization toward C2+ formation. By utilizing the homemade APE ionomer, we further realize efficient C2H4 production at an industrial‐scale current density of 331 mA cm−2 from CO2/pure water co‐electrolysis, thanks to the dual‐role of Beim+ in synergistic catalysis and ionic conduction. This study provides a new avenue to boost CO2RR through the structural design of polyelectrolytes.
Locking the Conformation of a Paddlewheel Rhodium Complex: Design, Synthesis, and Applications in Catalytic Nitrene Transfers
Authors: Tang Xinxin , Noda Hidetoshi , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe exponential proliferation of conformers makes it impossible to examine the entire population in most systems. Controlling conformational ensembles is thus pivotal in many areas of chemistry. Rh2(esp)2, a dicarboxylate‐derived paddlewheel rhodium complex, is one of the most effective catalysts for nitrene chemistry. Its enormous success has led to preparing many analogous complexes. However, there has been little consideration for the conformational dynamics of the parent catalyst. Herein, we report a new ligand modification principle that prevents conformer interconversion. The resulting complex comprises two isolable conformers, whose structures have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Combined experimental and computational data has revealed similarities and dissimilarities between the conformationally confined and parent complexes. Three model cases have demonstrated the utility of conformational fixation in the development of stereoselective catalysts for nitrene transfer reactions. The design principle described in this study can be combined with other established modification strategies, serving as a springboard for further advancement of the chemistry of paddlewheel metal complexes.
Functional Polythioamides Derived from Thiocarbonyl Fluoride**
Authors: Xiang Haonan , Wang Jieping , Guo Zihao , Chen Yucong , Jiang Beihan , Ye Sitao , Yi Wenbin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolythioamide is a unique type of sulfur‐containing polymer with advanced functionalities. Nonetheless, the elemental sulfur commonly used in their synthesis tends to react readily with unsaturated functional groups, thereby limiting the scope of eligible substrates. Inspired by the highly efficient sulfur‐fluoride exchange (SuFEx) polymerization through discrete hubs, we present herein a pioneering and versatile approach to the synthesis of polythioamides from diboronic acids, secondary diamines, and thiocarbonyl fluoride as the central connective hub. Well‐defined structures, including previously inaccessible unsaturated substrates, were realized. These newly devised polythioamides can efficiently and selectively bind to metal ions and were applied in precious‐metal recovery. Further development resulted in PdII‐crosslinked single‐chain nanoparticles serving as recyclable homogeneous catalysts, thus demonstrating the vast potential of these unprecedented polythioamides. We anticipate that thiocarbonyl fluoride could emerge as a potent hub for facilitating the intricate synthesis of sulfur‐containing polymers.
Fatty acid concentration and distribution in human milk: Comparison with infant formulas and animal milk
Authors: Yu Jiahui , Zhou Xuezhen , Ding Rui , Li Siyi , Liu Zhengdong , Yan Zhiyuan , Ye Xingwang , Wei Wei , Wang Xingguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe lipid profile including total fatty acid (FA), sn‐2 positional distribution on triacylglycerol, and phospholipid (PL) FA in human milk, infant formulas, and animal milk (cow, goat, camel, donkey, and yak milk) were analyzed. Animal milk contained higher saturated fatty acids (45.08%–66.29%) than human milk (37.44%) and infant formula (33.46%). In the perspective of FA, human milk and the commercial formulas showed a better similarity. Human milk contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher 16:0 at the sn‐2 position (50.88%) than infant formulas (23.09%) and animal milk (28.95%–46.72%). As to PL‐FA, human milk contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher 16:0 and 18:0 but lower 18:1 n‐9 than other milk. The relative contents of arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and nervonic acid (NA) in human milk were higher in PL‐FA than that in total FA. Noteworthy, the contents of AA, DHA, and NA in both total FA and PL‐FA were higher in human milk than other milk. These results indicated that the fortification of 16:0 at the sn‐2 position, and AA, DHA, and NA in both total FA and PL‐FA could improve the quality of infant formulas.
Synthesis of α‐Seleno Boronates via Diboration of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Paul Sufal , Mondal Rahul , Geetharani K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA method has been described for accessing α‐seleno alkyl boronates. The selenoboration was achieved via the diboration of carbonyl compounds to give α‐oxyl boronates, which then undergo 1,2‐metalate rearrangement in the presence of lithium selenolates and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). A variety of structurally diverse substrates were compatible with this protocol and efficiently provides difunctionalized products from simple starting materials. The presence of the boronic ester in the resulting organoselenium compounds serves as a versatile synthetic handle for various functionalizations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the binding of selenium nucleophile to both the boron centers in α‐oxyl boronate esters.
Rurality, socio‐economic disadvantage and educational mobility: A Scottish case study
Authors: Borbely Daniel , Gehrsitz Markus , McIntyre Stuart , Rossi Gennaro , Roy Graeme 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRurality is known to be associated with a number of weaker educational outcomes, from lower attainment through to lower social mobility. This is why so much policy and practitioner focus has been directed at addressing the rurality gap in educational outcomes. In this paper, we use pupil‐level data for Scotland to contribute to two dimensions of this problem. First, we explore the relationship between socio‐economic deprivation and educational mobility across urban and rural primary schools in Scotland. This provides new insights on the issue of rural disadvantage. Second, we use our dataset to explore the socio‐economic makeup of urban and rural schools in Scotland, documenting that schools located in the highest and lowest SIMD areas are more homogeneous than those in the middle. This is important for the classification of schools in targeting educational interventions to improve social mobility.