bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young videogamers and their approach to science inquiry
Authors: Avvisati Francesco , Borgonovi Francesca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Written instructions seldom need to be read when playing videogames. Instead, gaming often involves early information foraging and expansive exploration behaviors. We use data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to explore whether students who regularly play videogames (daily gamers) adopt behaviors that are typical of gaming while they complete a computer-based assessment of science and if such behaviors matter for performance in procedural science knowledge.

Methods
We use item-level data from PISA 2018 from countries that administered the optional ICT questionnaire. Using a sample item and the full set of interactive science items, we develop regression models to estimate differences between daily gamers and other students in information harvesting, time to first action, and procedural science knowledge. We report average associations across countries, country-specific estimates, as well as differences between boys and girls. We report raw differences as well as differences adjusting for background characteristics. To account for the multilevel nature of the data and for the two-stage sampling design, we use replicate weights supplied with the PISA database to estimate robust standard errors using balanced repeated replication (BRR).

Results
In 2018, 33% 15-year-olds reported playing videogames every day or almost every day. Among boys, that proportion was 49%. Daily gamers do not differ from other students in science content knowledge and in reading fluency. Nevertheless, daily gamers spend marginally less time reading instructions and display more active exploration behaviors in the assessment on items that include simulation tools.

Conclusions
Science teachers and assessment developers may find inspiration in games to develop scenarios in which students can practice effective strategies for information harvesting. The extensive exploration of a problem space in order to obtain data in support of future decisions often corresponds to a positive behaviour with multiple advantages in authentic problem situations. By contrast, fast transitions into action may, in the particular situation of an assessment, be an inadequate response. Assessment developers can ensure that instructions are carefully read and understood by test takers and teachers and can guide their students to read instructions adequately.
Olanzapine treatment effectively relieves breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a real-world experience
Authors: Uchiike Akihiro , Kono Haruka , Miura Katsuhiro , Hayama Tatsuya , Tsutsumi Daisuke , Tsuboi Shinya , Ohtsuka Susumu , Hidaka Shinji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Olanzapine treatment prevents chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). However, its role in the secondary prevention of breakthrough CINV in real-world cancer care should be further evaluated.

Method
We conducted a retrospective study on patients receiving olanzapine to prevent breakthrough CINV refractory to standard antiemetic therapy. The major outcome was improvement in CINV, defined as any downgrade in CINV symptoms, according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Comprete response was defined as no symptoms in CINV, i.e., Grade 0. These outcomes were compared in the HEC versus non-HEC groups and the standard- (5 or 10 mg/day) versus low- (2.5 mg/day) dose groups. The other outcome measurement was adverse events (AEs).

Results
We analyzed 127 patients, including 92 women, with a median age of 50 years (range: 19–89 years). Baseline CINV severity was grade 1, 2, and 3 in 18%, 69%, and 13% of the patients, respectively. After prophylaxis with olanzapine at doses of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/day, improvement was observed in 105 (83%) patients, with a complete response in 42 patients (33%). The improvement and complete remission rates for the HEC (n = 96) and non-HEC (n = 31) groups were 86% and 71% (p = 0.048) versus 38% and 19% (p = 0.062), respectively. The rates for the standard- (n = 98) and low- (n = 29) dose groups were 86% and 82% (p = 0.568) versus 28% and 52% (p = 0.015), respectively. Thirty-four patients (27%) experienced olanzapine-related AEs, mainly somnolence (n = 28). Grade 3 or higher AEs were not observed.

Conclusion
Our study results support the clinical application of olanzapine for the secondary prevention of breakthrough CINV.
Effects of Drop Sets on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sødal Lena Kristiansen , Kristiansen Eirik , Larsen Stian , van den Tillaar Roland 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
One of the most popular time-efficient training methods when training for muscle hypertrophy is drop sets, which is performed by taking sets to concentric muscle failure at a given load, then making a drop by reducing the load and immediately taking the next set to concentric or voluntary muscle failure. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effects of drop sets over traditional sets on skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Methods
This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The SPORTDiscus and MEDLINE/PubMed databases were searched on April 9, 2022, for all studies investigating the effects of the drop set training method on muscle hypertrophy that meets the predefined inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 (Biostat Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA) was used to run the statistical analysis. Publication bias was assessed through visual inspection of the funnel plots for asymmetry and statistically by Egger’s regression test with an alpha level of 0.10.

Results
Six studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. The number of participants in the studies was 142 (28 women and 114 men) with an age range of 19.2–27 years. The average sample size was 23.6 ± 10.9 (range 9–41). Five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that both the drop set and traditional training groups increased significantly from pre- to post-test regarding muscle hypertrophy (drop set standardized mean difference: 0.555, 95% CI 0.357–0.921, p < 0.0001; traditional set standardized mean difference: 0.437, 95% CI 0.266–0.608, p < 0.0001). No significant between-group difference was found (standardized mean difference: 0.155, 95% CI − 0.199 to − 0.509, p = 0.392).

Conclusions
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that drop sets present an efficient strategy for maximizing hypertrophy in those with limited time for training. There was no significant difference in hypertrophy measurements between the drop set and traditional training groups, but some of the drop set modalities took half to one-third of the time compared with traditional training.
Study protocol paper for the multi-site feasibility evaluation of mobile and technology-assisted aftercare services for crisis stabilization units
Authors: Pettus Carrie , Fulmer Rachel , Pederson Shelby D. , Eikenberry Jacob 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Law enforcement frequently responds to substance abuse and mental health crises. Crisis stabilization units (CSUs) operate as a public-receiving facility to provide short-term stabilization services for individuals experiencing these crises and offer law enforcement an important alternative to arrest. However, there is limited understanding about how and when law enforcement decides to use CSUs. There is also the challenge of retaining individuals in treatment after CSU stabilization to prevent future crises and persistent engagement with police. This study will respond to these gaps by exploring CSU procedures and examining the feasibility and acceptability of a technology-assisted mobile aftercare intervention designed for individuals brought to a CSU by law enforcement.

Methods
This study will consist of three aims. Aim 1 will include qualitative interviews with law enforcement and CSU-affiliated mental health staff (n=80) regarding CSU utilization and collaboration logistics between the groups. Findings from Aim 1 will be synthesized for the development of an implementation guide of our intervention, mobile, and technology-assisted aftercare, designed for individuals brought to a CSU by law enforcement, during Aim 2. During Aim 2, intervention services will be pilot-tested for 6 months through a small sample (n=24), randomized control trial (RCT). Control participants will receive standard services available for individuals discharging from a CSU. Treatment participants will receive the mobile aftercare intervention. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-recruitment for all study participants. Aims 1 and 2 will inform the design of a multi-site RCT to compare CSUs with and without mobile and technology-assisted aftercare (Aim 3).

Discussion
The study will offer decision making and procedural insight into law enforcement use of CSUs as an alternative to jail and provide opportunities to inform that process. This research will provide outcome trends for those who go through standard CSU services compared to those who receive mobile and technology-assisted aftercare services. The current study will inform a larger RCT efficacy study of CSUs with and without technology-assisted aftercare services.

Trial registration
This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (reference #NCT04899934) on May 25, 2021.
Restoration of dysregulated intestinal barrier and inflammatory regulation through synergistically ameliorating hypoxia and scavenging reactive oxygen species using ceria nanozymes in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lei Hengyu , Wang Pengchong , Zhou Qinyuan , Yu Jie , Leng Xue , Ma Ruirui , Wang Danyang , Dong Kai , Xing Jianfeng , Dong Yalin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and excessive hypoxia play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). Synergistic ROS scavenging and generating O
2
could be a promising strategy for UC treatment.

Methods
Ceria nanozymes (PEG-CNPs) are fabricated using a modified reverse micelle method. We investigate hypoxia attenuating and ROS scavenging of PEG-CNPs in intestinal epithelial cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages and their effects on pro-inflammatory macrophages activation. Subsequently, we investigate the biodistribution, pharmacokinetic properties and long-term toxicity of PEG-CNPs in mice. PEG-CNPs are administered intravenously to mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis to test their colonic tissue targeting and assess their anti-inflammatory activity and mucosal healing properties in UC.

Results

PEG-CNPs exhibit multi-enzymatic activity that can scavenge ROS and generate O
2
, promote intestinal epithelial cell healing and inhibit pro-inflammatory macrophage activation, and have good biocompatibility. After intravenous administration of PEG-CNPs to colitis mice, they can enrich at the site of colonic inflammation, and reduce hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression in intestinal epithelial cells by scavenging ROS to generate O
2
, thus further promoting disrupted intestinal mucosal barrier restoration. Meanwhile, PEG-CNPs can effectively scavenge ROS in impaired colon tissues and relieve colonic macrophage hypoxia to suppress the pro-inflammatory macrophages activation, thereby preventing UC occurrence and development.

Conclusion
This study has provided a paradigm to utilize metallic nanozymes, and suggests that further materials engineering investigations could yield a facile method based on the pathological characteristics of UC for clinically managing UC.

Graphical Abstract
Automated localization and segmentation of cervical lymph nodes on contrast-enhanced CT using a 3D foveal fully convolutional neural network
Authors: Rinneburger Miriam , Carolus Heike , Iuga Andra-Iza , Weisthoff Mathilda , Lennartz Simon , Hokamp Nils Große , Caldeira Liliana , Shahzad Rahil , Maintz David , Laqua Fabian Christopher , Baeßler Bettina , Klinder Tobias , Persigehl Thorsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In the management of cancer patients, determination of TNM status is essential for treatment decision-making and therefore closely linked to clinical outcome and survival. Here, we developed a tool for automatic three-dimensional (3D) localization and segmentation of cervical lymph nodes (LNs) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) examinations.

Methods
In this IRB-approved retrospective single-center study, 187 CECT examinations of the head and neck region from patients with various primary diseases were collected from our local database, and 3656 LNs (19.5 ± 14.9 LNs/CECT, mean ± standard deviation) with a short-axis diameter (SAD) ≥ 5 mm were segmented manually by expert physicians. With these data, we trained an independent fully convolutional neural network based on 3D foveal patches. Testing was performed on 30 independent CECTs with 925 segmented LNs with an SAD ≥ 5 mm.

Results
In total, 4,581 LNs were segmented in 217 CECTs. The model achieved an average localization rate (LR), i.e., percentage of localized LNs/CECT, of 78.0% in the validation dataset. In the test dataset, average LR was 81.1% with a mean Dice coefficient of 0.71. For enlarged LNs with a SAD ≥ 10 mm, LR was 96.2%. In the test dataset, the false-positive rate was 2.4 LNs/CECT.

Conclusions
Our trained AI model demonstrated a good overall performance in the consistent automatic localization and 3D segmentation of physiological and metastatic cervical LNs with a SAD ≥ 5 mm on CECTs. This could aid clinical localization and automatic 3D segmentation, which can benefit clinical care and radiomics research.

Relevance statement
Our AI model is a time-saving tool for 3D segmentation of cervical lymph nodes on contrast-enhanced CT scans and serves as a solid base for N staging in clinical practice and further radiomics research.

Key points
• Determination of N status in TNM staging is essential for therapy planning in oncology.
• Segmenting cervical lymph nodes manually is highly time-consuming in clinical practice.
• Our model provides a robust, automated 3D segmentation of cervical lymph nodes.
• It achieves a high accuracy for localization especially of enlarged lymph nodes.
• These segmentations should assist clinical care and radiomics research.

Graphical Abstract
DMSO potentiates the suppressive effect of dronabinol on sleep apnea and REM sleep in rats
Authors: Calik Michael W. , Carley David W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an amphipathic molecule with innate biological activity that also is used to dissolve both polar and nonpolar compounds in preclinical and clinical studies. Recent investigations of dronabinol, a cannabinoid, dissolved in DMSO demonstrated decreased sleep apnea frequency and time spent in REM sleep in rats. Here, we tested the effects of dronabinol dissolved in 25% DMSO diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to rule out potentiating effects of DMSO.

Methods
Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized and implanted with bilateral stainless steel screws into the skull for electroencephalogram recording and bilateral wire electrodes into the nuchal muscles for electromyogram recording. Each animal was recorded by polysomnography. The study was a fully nested, repeated measures crossover design, such that each rat was recorded following each of 8 intraperitoneal injections separated by three days: vehicle (25% DMSO/PBS); vehicle and CB1 antagonist (AM 251); vehicle and CB2 antagonist (AM 630); vehicle and CB1/CB2 antagonist; dronabinol (CB1/CB2 agonist); dronabinol and CB1 antagonist; dronabinol and CB2 antagonist; and dronabinol and CB1/CB2 antagonists. Sleep was manually scored into NREM and REM stages, and sleep apneas were quantified.

Results
Dronabinol dissolved in 25% DMSO did not suppress sleep apneas or modify sleep efficiency compared to vehicle controls, in contrast to previously published results. However, dronabinol did suppress REM sleep, which is in line with previously published results.

Conclusions
Dronabinol in 25% DMSO partially potentiated dronabinol’s effects, suggesting a concomitant biological effect of DMSO on breathing during sleep.
Preservation of β-cell Function in Pancreatic Insufficient Cystic Fibrosis With Highly Effective CFTR Modulator Therapy
Authors: Flatt Anneliese J , Sheikh Saba , Peleckis Amy J , Alvarado Paola , Hadjiliadis Denis , Stefanovski Darko , Gallop Robert J , Rubenstein Ronald C , Kelly Andrea , Rickels Michael R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI; Trikafta) enhances aberrant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function and may improve the insulin secretory defects associated with a deterioration in clinical outcomes in pancreatic insufficient cystic fibrosis (PI-CF).

Objective
This longitudinal case-control study assessed changes in β-cell function and secretory capacity measures over 2 visits in individuals with PI-CF who were initiated on ETI after the baseline visit (2012-2018) and (1) restudied between 2019 and 2021 (ETI group) vs (2) those restudied between 2015 and 2018 and not yet treated with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapy (controls).

Methods
Nine ETI participants (mean ± SD age, 25 ± 5 years) and 8 matched controls were followed up after a median (interquartile range) 5 (4-7) and 3 (2-3) years, respectively (P &lt; .01), with ETI initiation a median of 1 year before follow-up. Clinical outcomes, glucose-potentiated arginine, and mixed-meal tolerance test measures were assessed with comparisons of within- and between-group change by nonparametric testing.

Results
Glucose-potentiated insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose-potentiated arginine deteriorated in controls but not in the ETI group, with C-peptide changes different between groups (P &lt; .05). Deterioration in basal proinsulin secretory ratio was observed in controls but improved, as did the maximal arginine-induced proinsulin secretory ratio, in the ETI group (P &lt; .05 for all comparisons). During mixed-meal tolerance testing, early insulin secretion improved as evidenced by more rapid insulin secretory rate kinetics.

Conclusion
ETI preserves β-cell function in CF through effects on glucose-dependent insulin secretion, proinsulin processing, and meal-related insulin secretion. Further work should determine whether early intervention with ETI can prevent deterioration of glucose tolerance in PI-CF.
The Use of Wearable Activity Monitors to Measure Upper Limb Physical Activity After Axillary Lymph Node Dissection and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Authors: Che Bakri Nur Amalina , Kwasnicki Richard M. , Giannas Emmanuel , Tenang Luqman , Khan Naairah , Moenig Catharina , Imam Zoha , Dhillon Kieran , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara , Leff Daniel R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
We suspect that morbidity from both sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been inadequately evaluated to date. Current methodologies are subjective and susceptible to bias. Objective assessment using wearable activity monitors (WAMs) would allow quantitative analysis of recovery by measuring physical activity (PA) and could provide evidence for axillary de-escalation.

Patients and Methods
A prospective, single center, observational study was conducted from February 2020 to May 2022. Consecutive patients undergoing breast and/or reconstructive surgery and axillary surgeries were identified from the operating schedules. Patients wore WAMs for an average of 3 days prior to surgery and up to 2 weeks following surgery. In total, 56 patients with breast cancer were recruited, of whom 35 underwent SLNB and 21 ALND.

Results
Patients who underwent ALND experienced significantly worse PA compared with those who underwent SLNB in week 2 (median 66.4% versus 72.7%, p = 0.015). Subgroup analysis revealed significantly lower PA in simple mastectomy (Mx)-ALND versus Mx-SLNB (median 90.3% versus 70.5%, p = 0.015) in week 2. The PA for SLNB did not return to baseline at 2 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions
Compared with SLNB, ALND results in a lower PA level in week 2. The findings also indicate that SLNB has a protracted effect on PA levels, which extend to 2 weeks postoperatively. Monitoring recovery objectively following breast cancer surgery provides patients and surgeons with more information regarding the predicted outcomes of their surgery, which can drive the development of a personalized rehabilitation program.
Clinical use of antiviral, antibiotic and immunomodulatory drugs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Muflihah Heni , Bhekti Rahimah Santun , Widiyanto Tulus , Mahwati Yeni , Parumasivam Thaigarajan , Yulianto Fajar Awaila , Sastramihardja Herri S. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Evidence of highly effective repurposed drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is insufficient. However, empirical therapy using antiviral, antibiotic and immunomodulatory drugs is massive. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical use of these drugs and the outcome of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective study using medical records of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from July 2020 to March 2021 in Bandung, Indonesia. Data were collected at relevant timelines: age, sex, comorbid condition, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2), and hematology at admission; antiviral, antibiotic, and immunomodulator treatment during hospitalization; length of stay hospitalization (LOS) and death at discharge. Clinical use of the drug regimens included dose, frequency, and duration of therapy. The main outcome of hospitalization was LOS and death. Results: Out of 249 patients, 43.3% had a comorbid condition, 74.7% had non-severe COVID-19 (SpO 2 ≥ 90%), and almost all received antiviral or antibiotic agents. Patients receiving a combination of remdesivir and favipiravir had lower SpO 2 compared to those receiving oseltamivir alone (p=0.01). Remdesivir alone and combination of favipiravir and oseltamivir had shorter LOS compared to the other antivirals (p=0.03 and p=0.01 respectively). Immunomodulatory drugs (methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, tocilizumab) were prescribed in patients with lower baseline SpO 2 (p=0.001) and resulted ini longer LOS (p=0.0043) compared to those with no immunomodulators. The increased risk of death in patients treated with the combination of remdesivir and favipiravir (OR 4.1;95%CI 1.4-12.2), and immunomodulatory drugs (OR 6.2; 95%CI 1.7-23.3) was confounded by the baseline characteristics of older age, comorbid condition, SpO 2 level, and low lymphocyte number. Conclusions: Some treatment regimens were associated with short LOS, but there were drug regimens which might increase the risk of death. Further study should control the clinical conditions of COVID-19 patients at admission to confirm the outcome of death following drug therapy.