bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of pharmacist-led interventions on heart failure medication adherence: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Nguyen Ho Nhu , Nguyen Cuong Van , Nguyen Dung Thien , Le Thanh Dinh , Bui Quynh Thi Huong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical pharmacists play an important role in the optimization and individualization of treatment for heart failure patients in the multidisciplinary team. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of pharmacists’ interventions on medication adherence and adverse outcomes among heart failure patients.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study on 95 chronic heart failure patients in a national hospital of Vietnam. Participants in the intervention group received two consultations with a pharmacist on the third day of admission and one week after discharge while patients in the control group received standard care. The Vietnamese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 was applied to measure the medication adherence at the start of the study, at 2 months and 4 months post-discharge. Adverse outcomes including death and hospital readmissions were also collected during the follow-up period.

Key findings
Baseline adherence was 53.3% for the intervention group and 58.3% for the control group. After 2 months, 97.7% of the patients in the intervention group were adherent compared to 80.4% in the control group (P &lt; 0.01). The adherent rates in these groups were 90.2% and 71.1% after 4 months, respectively. The intervention group had fewer combined adverse outcomes than their control counterpart, although the difference was not significant (24.4% versus 35.4%, P = 0.249).

Conclusions
Pharmacist-led interventions improved self-reported medication adherence and might have a positive impact on outcomes among heart failure patients. Patient education and consultations should be a standard of practice to optimize treatment plans among heart failure patients.
Gap junction is essential for the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine
Authors: Xia Cong-Yuan , Zhang Ning-Ning , Jiang Hong , Lou Yu-Xia , Ren Qian , Zhang Xiao-Ling , Yang Peng-Fei , Shao Qian-Hang , Zhu Hao-Yu , Wan Jiang-Fan , Zhang Ya-Ni , Li Fang-Fang , Yan Xu , Chu Shi-Feng , Zhang Yi , Wang Zhen-Zhen , Chen Nai-Hong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Fluoxetine has been used as the first line for the therapy of depression. However, lack of therapeutic efficacy and time lag still limit the application of fluoxetine. Gap junction dysfunction is a potentially novel pathogenic mechanism for depression. To clarify the mechanism underlying these limitations, we investigated whether gap junction was related to the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine.

Methods and key findings
After chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), animals showed decreases in gap junction intracellular communication (GJIC). Treatment with fluoxetine 10 mg/kg significantly improved GJIC and anhedonia of rats until six days. These results indicated that fluoxetine improved gap junction indirectly. Furthermore, to test the role of gap junction on antidepressant effects of fluoxetine, we blocked gap junction using carbenoxolone (CBX) infusion in the prefrontal cortex. CBX dampened fluoxetine-induced decrease in immobility time of mice in tail suspension test (TST).

Conclusions
Our study suggested that gap junction dysfunction blocks antidepressant effects of fluoxetine, contributing to understanding the mechanism underlying the time lag of fluoxetine.
Bayesian Pyramids: identifiable multilayer discrete latent structure models for discrete data
Authors: Gu Yuqi , Dunson David B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
High-dimensional categorical data are routinely collected in biomedical and social sciences. It is of great importance to build interpretable parsimonious models that perform dimension reduction and uncover meaningful latent structures from such discrete data. Identifiability is a fundamental requirement for valid modeling and inference in such scenarios, yet is challenging to address when there are complex latent structures. In this article, we propose a class of identifiable multilayer (potentially deep) discrete latent structure models for discrete data, termed Bayesian Pyramids. We establish the identifiability of Bayesian Pyramids by developing novel transparent conditions on the pyramid-shaped deep latent directed graph. The proposed identifiability conditions can ensure Bayesian posterior consistency under suitable priors. As an illustration, we consider the two-latent-layer model and propose a Bayesian shrinkage estimation approach. Simulation results for this model corroborate the identifiability and estimatability of model parameters. Applications of the methodology to DNA nucleotide sequence data uncover useful discrete latent features that are highly predictive of sequence types. The proposed framework provides a recipe for interpretable unsupervised learning of discrete data and can be a useful alternative to popular machine learning methods.
Women’s sexual activity and experiences following female genital fistula surgery
Authors: El Ayadi Alison M , Nalubwama Hadija , Miller Suellen , Mitchell Ashley , Korn Abner P , Chen Chi Chiung Grace , Byamugisha Josaphat , Painter Caitlyn , Obore Susan , Barageine Justus K 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical repair has a transformative impact on the lives of women affected by female genital fistula; however, various physical, social, and economic challenges may persist postrepair and prevent complete reengagement in relationships and communities. Nuanced investigation of these experiences is needed to inform programming that aligns with women’s reintegration needs.AimWe investigated the sexual activity resumption, experiences, and concerns of women in Uganda during the year following genital fistula repair surgery.MethodsWomen were recruited from Mulago Hospital between December 2014 and June 2015. We collected data at baseline and 4 times postsurgery about sociodemographic characteristics and physical/psychosocial status; we also assessed sexual interest and satisfaction twice. We performed in-depth interviews with a subset of participants. We analyzed quantitative findings via univariate analyses, and qualitative findings were coded and analyzed thematically.OutcomesWe assessed sexual readiness, fears, and challenges following surgical repair of female genital fistula using quantitative and qualitative measures of sexual activity, pain with sex, sexual interest/disinterest, and sexual satisfaction/dissatisfaction.ResultsAmong the 60 participants, 18% were sexually active at baseline, which decreased to 7% postsurgery and increased to 55% at 1 year after repair. Dyspareunia was reported by 27% at baseline and 10% at 1 year; few described leakage during sex or vaginal dryness. Qualitative findings showed wide variance of sexual experiences. Some reported sexual readiness quickly after surgery, and some were not ready after 1 year. For all, fears included fistula recurrence and unwanted pregnancy.ConclusionThese findings suggest that postrepair sexual experiences vary widely and intersect meaningfully with marital and social roles following fistula and repair. In addition to physical repair, ongoing psychosocial support is needed for comprehensive reintegration and the restoration of desired sexuality.Highlights
Effective annotation for the automatic vectorization of cadastral maps
Authors: Petitpierre Remi , Guhennec Paul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The great potential brought by large-scale data in the humanities is still hindered by the time and technicality required for making documents digitally intelligible. Within urban studies, historical cadasters have been hitherto largely under-explored despite their informative value. Powerful and generic technologies, based on neural networks, to automate the vectorization of historical maps have recently become available. However, the transfer of these technologies is hampered by the scarcity of interdisciplinary exchanges and a lack of practical literature destinated to humanities scholars, especially on the key step of the pipeline: the annotation. In this article, we propose a set of practical recommendations based on empirical findings on document annotation and automatic vectorization, focusing on the example case of historical cadasters. Our recommendations are generic and easily applicable, based on a solid experience on concrete and diverse projects.
Collisional heating of icy planetesimals – I. Catastrophic collisions
Authors: Davidsson Björn J R 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Planetesimals in the primordial disc may have experienced a collisional cascade. If so, the comet nuclei later placed in the Kuiper belt, scattered disc, and Oort Cloud would primarily be fragments and collisional rubble piles from that cascade. However, the heating associated with the collisions cannot have been strong enough to remove the hypervolatiles that are trapped within more durable ices, because comet nuclei are rich in hypervolatiles. This places constraints on the diameter of the largest bodies allowed to participate in collisional cascades, and limits the primordial disc lifetime or population size. In this paper, the thermophysical code nimbus is used to study the thermal evolution of planetesimals before, during, and after catastrophic collisions. The loss of CO during segregation of CO2:CO mixtures and during crystallization of amorphous H2O is calculated, as well as mobilization and internal relocation of CO2. If an amorphous H2O host existed, and was protected by a CO2:CO heat sink, only diameter $D\lt 20\, \mathrm{km}$ (inner disc) and $D\lt 64\, \mathrm{km}$ (outer disc) bodies could have been involved in a collisional cascade. If CO2 was the only CO host, the critical diameters drop to D &lt; 20–$32\, \mathrm{km}$. Avoiding disruption of larger bodies requires a primordial disc lifetime of &lt;9 Myr at 15 au and &lt;50–70 Myr at 30 au. Alternatively, if a 450 Myr disc lifetime is required to associate the primordial disc disruption with the Late Heavy Bombardment, the disc population size must have been 6–60 times below current estimates.
Semaphorin 4C regulates ovarian steroidogenesis through RHOA/ROCK1-mediated actin cytoskeleton rearrangement
Authors: Chen Dan , Wu Chuqing , Wei Simin , Guo Yican , Wu Meng , Zhou Su , Fu Fangfang , Tang Weicheng , Xue Liru , Zhang Jinjin , Li Yan , Dai Jun , Li Yuanyuan , Ye Shuangmei , Wang Shixuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSemaphorins are a family of evolutionarily conserved morphogenetic molecules that were initially found to be associated with axonal guidance. Semaphorin 4C (Sema4C), a member of the fourth subfamily of semaphorins, has been demonstrated to play multifaceted and important roles in organ development, immune regulation, tumor growth, and metastasis. However, it is completely unknown whether Sema4C is involved in the regulation of ovarian function. We found that Sema4C was widely expressed in the stroma, follicles, and corpus luteum of mouse ovaries, and its expression was decreased at distinct foci in ovaries of mice of mid-to-advanced reproductive age. Inhibition of Sema4C by the ovarian intrabursal administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus-shRNA significantly reduced oestradiol, progesterone, and testosterone levels in vivo. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed changes in pathways related to ovarian steroidogenesis and the actin cytoskeleton. Similarly, knockdown of Sema4C by siRNA interference in mouse primary ovarian granulosa cells or thecal interstitial cells significantly suppressed ovarian steroidogenesis and led to actin cytoskeleton disorganization. Importantly, the cytoskeleton-related pathway RHOA/ROCK1 was simultaneously inhibited after the downregulation of Sema4C. Furthermore, treatment with a ROCK1 agonist after siRNA interference stabilized the actin cytoskeleton and reversed the inhibitory effect on steroid hormones described above. In conclusion, Sema4C may play an important role in ovarian steroidogenesis through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton via the RHOA/ROCK1 signaling pathway. These findings shed new light on the identification of dominant factors involved in the endocrine physiology of female reproduction.
DICER1-associated central nervous system sarcoma: A comprehensive clinical and genomic characterization of case series of young adult patients
Authors: Cardona Andrés F , Chamorro Ortiz Diego Fernando , Ruíz-Patiño Alejandro , Gomez Diego , Muñoz Álvaro , Ardila Dora V , Garcia-Robledo Juan Esteban , Ordóñez-Reyes Camila , Sussmann Liliana , Mosquera Andrés , Forero Yency , Rojas Leonardo , Hakim Fernando , Jimenez Enrique , Ramón Juan Fernando , Cifuentes Hernando , Pineda Diego , Mejía Juan Armando , Rodríguez July , Archila Pilar , Sotelo Carolina , Moreno-Pérez Darwin A , Arrieta Oscar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
DICER1 alterations are associated with intracranial tumors in the pediatric population, including pineoblastoma, pituitary blastoma, and the recently described “primary DICER1-associated CNS sarcoma” (DCS). DCS is an extremely aggressive tumor with a distinct methylation signature and a high frequency of co-occurring mutations. However, little is known about its treatment approach and the genomic changes occurring after exposure to chemoradiotherapy.

Methods
We collected clinical, histological, and molecular data from eight young adults with DCS. Genomic analysis was performed by Next-generation Sequencing (NGS). Subsequently, an additional germline variants analysis was completed. In addition, an NGS analysis on post-progression tumor tissue or liquid biopsy was performed when available. Multiple clinicopathological characteristics, treatment variables, and survival outcomes were assessed.

Results
Median age was 20 years. Most lesions were supratentorial. Histology was classified as fusiform cell sarcomas (50%), undifferentiated (unclassified) sarcoma (37.5%), and chondrosarcoma (12.5%). Germline pathogenic DICER1 variants were present in two patients, 75% of cases had more than one somatic alteration in DICER1, and the most frequent commutation was TP53. Seven patients were treated with surgery, Ifosfamide, Cisplatin, and Etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The objective response was 75%, and the median time to progression (TTP) was 14.5 months. At progression, the most common mutations were in KRAS and NF1. Overall survival was 30.8 months.

Conclusions
DCS is an aggressive tumor with limited therapeutic options that requires a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including molecular characterization. Most cases had mutations in TP53, NF1, and PTEN, and most alterations at progression were related to MAPK, RAS and PI3K signaling pathways.
Practical Guidance for the Management of Adverse Events in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Adagrasib
Authors: Zhang Jun , Johnson Melissa , Barve Minal , Bazhenova Lyudmila , McCarthy Marybeth , Schwartz Rowena , Horvath-Walsh Elise , Velastegui Karen , Qian Chunlin , Spira Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdagrasib (MRTX849) is a KRASG12C inhibitor with favorable properties, including long half-life (23 h), dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, and central nervous system (CNS) penetration. As of September 1, 2022, a total of 853 patients with KRASG12C-mutated solid tumors, including patients with CNS metastases, had received adagrasib (monotherapy or in combination). Adagrasib-related treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) are generally mild to moderate in severity, start early in treatment, resolve quickly with appropriate intervention, and result in a low rate of treatment discontinuation. Common TRAEs seen in clinical trials included gastrointestinal-related toxicities (diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting); hepatic toxicities (increased alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase) and fatigue, which can be managed through dose modifications, dietary modifications, concomitant medications (such as anti-diarrheals and anti-emetics/anti-nauseants) and the monitoring of liver enzymes and electrolytes. To manage common TRAEs effectively, it is imperative that clinicians are informed, and patients are fully counseled on management recommendations at treatment initiation. In this review, we provide practical guidance on the management of adagrasib TRAEs and discuss some best practices for patient and caregiver counseling to facilitate optimal outcomes for patients. Safety and tolerability data from the phase II cohort of the KRYSTAL-1 study will be reviewed and presented with practical management recommendations based on our experience as clinical investigators.
Genetic modifiers of synucleinopathies—lessons from experimental models
Authors: Lee Rachel Min Qi , Koh Tong-Wey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
α-Synuclein is a pleiotropic protein underlying a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Together, these are known as synucleinopathies. Like all neurological diseases, understanding of disease mechanisms is hampered by the lack of access to biopsy tissues, precluding a real-time view of disease progression in the human body. This has driven researchers to devise various experimental models ranging from yeast to flies to human brain organoids, aiming to recapitulate aspects of synucleinopathies. Studies of these models have uncovered numerous genetic modifiers of α-synuclein, most of which are evolutionarily conserved. This review discusses what we have learned about disease mechanisms from these modifiers, and ways in which the study of modifiers have supported ongoing efforts to engineer disease-modifying interventions for synucleinopathies.
Pelagic microplastics in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: A prevalent anthropogenic component of the particulate organic carbon pool
Authors: Zhao Shiye , Mincer Tracy J , Lebreton Laurent , Egger Matthias 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to its ever-increasing ocean inputs, fossil-based microplastics (MP) comprise a considerable constituent in the particulate organic carbon (POC) pool, which is instrumental in ocean biogeochemical cycling. Their distribution within the oceanic water column and the underpinning processes, however, remain unclear. Here we show that MP prevail throughout the water column of the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, comprising 334 #/m3 (84.5% of plastic particles &lt;100 µm), with exponential relationships between concentrations and water depth in the upper 500-m layer and marked accumulation below this layer. Our results suggest that the biological carbon pump (BCP) strongly contributes to the water column MP redistribution in terms of polymer type, material density and particle size, which in turn could influence the efficiency of organic matter export to the deep sea. We further show that 14C-depleted plastic particles predictably are an emerging nonneglectable perturbation to radiocarbon signatures in the deep ocean through depletion of the 14C/C ratio in the POC pool. Our data provide insight into vertical MP flux and highlight the potential role of MP in alternating the marine particulate pool and interactions with the BCP.
Deep learning enables image-based tree counting, crown segmentation, and height prediction at national scale
Authors: Li Sizhuo , Brandt Martin , Fensholt Rasmus , Kariryaa Ankit , Igel Christian , Gieseke Fabian , Nord-Larsen Thomas , Oehmcke Stefan , Carlsen Ask Holm , Junttila Samuli , Tong Xiaoye , d’Aspremont Alexandre , Ciais Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSustainable tree resource management is the key to mitigating climate warming, fostering a green economy, and protecting valuable habitats. Detailed knowledge about tree resources is a prerequisite for such management but is conventionally based on plot-scale data, which often neglects trees outside forests. Here, we present a deep learning-based framework that provides location, crown area, and height for individual overstory trees from aerial images at country scale. We apply the framework on data covering Denmark and show that large trees (stem diameter &gt;10 cm) can be identified with a low bias (12.5%) and that trees outside forests contribute to 30% of the total tree cover, which is typically unrecognized in national inventories. The bias is high (46.6%) when our results are evaluated against all trees taller than 1.3 m, which involve undetectable small or understory trees. Furthermore, we demonstrate that only marginal effort is needed to transfer our framework to data from Finland, despite markedly dissimilar data sources. Our work lays the foundation for digitalized national databases, where large trees are spatially traceable and manageable.
NeuroVerse: neurosurgery in the era of Metaverse and other technological breakthroughs
Authors: Kundu Mrinmoy , Ng Jyi Cheng , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Huang Helen , Yarlagadda Rohan , Mehta Aashna , Nansubuga Esther Patience , Jiffry Riaz , Abdul-Rahman Toufik , Ou Yong Brian M , Sikora Vladyslav , Isik Arda 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The tremendous evolution in modern technology has led to a paradigm shift in neurosurgery. The latest advancements such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and mobile applications have been incorporated into neurosurgical practice. NeuroVerse, representing the application of the metaverse in neurosurgery, brings enormous potential to neurology and neurosurgery. Implementation of NeuroVerse could potentially elevate neurosurgical and interventional procedures, enhance medical visits and patient care, and reshape neurosurgical training. However, it is also vital to consider the challenges that may be associated with its implementation, such as privacy issues, cybersecurity breaches, ethical concerns, and widening of existing healthcare inequalities. NeuroVerse adds phenomenal dimensions to the neurosurgical environment for patients, doctors, and trainees, and represents an incomparable advancement in the delivery of medicine. Therefore, more research is needed to encourage widespread use of the metaverse in healthcare, particularly focusing on the areas of morality and credibility. Although the metaverse is expected to expand rapidly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains to be seen whether it represents an emerging technology that will revolutionize our society and healthcare or simply an immature condition of the future.
Engineering cellulases for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Chaudhari Yogesh B , Várnai Anikó , Sørlie Morten , Horn Svein J , Eijsink Vincent G H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source of energy, chemicals and materials. Many applications of this resource require the depolymerization of one or more of its polymeric constituents. Efficient enzymatic depolymerization of cellulose to glucose by cellulases and accessory enzymes such as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases is a prerequisite for economically viable exploitation of this biomass. Microbes produce a remarkably diverse range of cellulases, which consist of glycoside hydrolase (GH) catalytic domains and, although not in all cases, substrate-binding carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). As enzymes are a considerable cost factor, there is great interest in finding or engineering improved and robust cellulases, with higher activity and stability, easy expression, and minimal product inhibition. This review addresses relevant engineering targets for cellulases, discusses a few notable cellulase engineering studies of the past decades and provides an overview of recent work in the field.