bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pyrolysis conditions on chemical properties of carbonized rice husks for efficient NH4+ adsorption
Authors: Kang Yun-Gu , Lee Jae-Han , Lee Jun-Yeong , Kim Jun-Ho , Oh Taek-Keun , Sung Jwa-Kyung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmmonium ions (NH4+) are commonly found in contaminated water and are a contributing factor to water eutrophication. Carbonized rice husk, derived from various biomass sources, possesses a porous structure, and its characteristics are influenced by the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the applicability of carbonized rice husk as an absorbent for NH4+ removal. The adsorption kinetics were analyzed using the Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order models, while the adsorption characteristics were assessed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption rate of NH4+ by carbonized rice husk increased until 240 min and then gradually approached equilibrium state. Notably, the highest NH4+ adsorption rate was observed in pH 7.1 carbonized rice husk 36.045 mg/g∙min. Moreover, the NH4+ adsorption capacity exhibited an increase with increasing concentration and quantity of the solution. The pH of the carbonized rice husk was found to influence the NH4+ adsorption process, with higher pH values corresponding to increased NH4+ adsorption rates. The NH4+ sorption rate carbonized rice husk was higher in pH 11.0 at 31.440 mg/g compared to pH 6.1 (7.642 mg/g) and pH 7.1 (10.761 mg/g). These findings highlight the impact of pyrolysis conditions on the adsorption characteristics of carbonized rice husk.
Total RNA sequencing reveals gene expression and microbial alterations shared by oral pre-malignant lesions and cancer
Authors: Khan Mohammed Muzamil , Frustino Jennifer , Villa Alessandro , Nguyen Bach-Cuc , Woo Sook-Bin , Johnson William Evan , Varelas Xaralabos , Kukuruzinska Maria , Monti Stefano 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a complex malignancy comprising multiple anatomical sites, with cancer of the oral cavity ranking among the deadliest and the most disfiguring cancers globally. Oral cancer (OC) constitutes a subset of head and neck cancer cases, presenting primarily as tobacco- and alcohol-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with a 5-year survival rate of ~ 65%, partly due to the lack of early detection and effective treatments. OSCC arises from premalignant lesions (PMLs) in the oral cavity through a multi-step series of clinical and histopathological stages, including varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms associated with the progression of PMLs to OSCC, we profiled the whole transcriptome of 66 human PMLs comprising leukoplakia with dysplasia and hyperkeratosis non-reactive (HkNR) pathologies, alongside healthy controls and OSCC. Our data revealed that PMLs were enriched in gene signatures associated with cellular plasticity, such as partial EMT (p-EMT) phenotypes, and with immune response. Integrated analyses of the host transcriptome and microbiome further highlighted a significant association between differential microbial abundance and PML pathway activity, suggesting a contribution of the oral microbiome toward PML evolution to OSCC. Collectively, this study reveals molecular processes associated with PML progression that may help early diagnosis and disease interception at an early stage.

Graphical abstract
Mediating effects of motivation and socioeconomic status on reading achievement: a secondary analysis of PISA 2018
Authors: Michael Demos , Kyriakides Leonidas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown that students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to have lower academic performance compared to children from better-off families. However, the way that socioeconomic status (SES) influences student learning outcomes has not yet been fully examined. Thus, this study explores the indirect effects of students’ SES on reading achievement through academic motivation. Specifically, the mediating role of the following three motivation elements is investigated:mastery-approach orientation of achievement goals,enjoyment of reading, andexpected occupational status.MethodsStructural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized mediation model in each European country (n = 38) that took part in the PISA 2018 cycle. Specifically, data was obtained from 237,366 15-year-old students. Common measures for SES, academic motivation, and reading achievement were employed to examine whether the selected academic motivation elements have similar effects in each country. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to validate the factorial structure of mediators and test their measurement invariance across the samples.ResultsWithin-country SEM analysis revealed thatexpected occupational statuspartially mediates the relationship between SES and reading achievement in all countries.Enjoyment of readingfitted well as a mediator in almost all countries (n = 37), whereasmastery-approach orientation of achievement goalsonly appeared as a mediator in 11 countries. The direct effect of SES on academic achievement was significantly reduced in all models.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence thatenjoyment of readingandexpected occupational statuscan be treated as mediators in the relationship between SES and reading achievement in European countries. Implications for research and theory for promoting equity in education are drawn. It is argued that schools and teachers should encourage students to participate in activities that foster their intrinsic motivation towards reading and raise their educational and occupational expectations, especially for those coming from socially disadvantaged backgrounds.
Evaluation of the seasonal to decadal variability in dynamic sea level simulations from CMIP5 to CMIP6
Authors: Jin Chenyang , Liu Hailong , Lin Pengfei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed little progress in the ensemble mean of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models compared to Phase 5 (CMIP5) models in simulating global dynamic sea level (DSL). This study investigates the performance of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles in simulating the spatial pattern and magnitude of DSL climatology, seasonal variability, interannual variability, and decadal variability by using the pattern correlation coefficient (PCC) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) as metrics. We show that the top models of the CMIP6 ensemble perform better than those of the CMIP5 ensemble in the simulation of DSL climatology and seasonal and interannual variability, but not DSL decadal variability. An intermodel linear relationship between the RMSE and PCC is found for both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles; however, this intermodel relationship is more linearly correlated in the CMIP6 ensemble and not significant for DSL decadal variability. The results show that the finer-horizontal resolution models tend to yield a smaller RMSE and a larger PCC in the DSL climatology, seasonal variability, interannual variability but not decadal variability simulations, and the relationship is more evident for the CMIP6 ensemble than for the CMIP5 ensemble.
What makes an orthopaedic paper highly citable? A bibliometric analysis of top orthopeadic journals with 10‐year follow up
Authors: Lutter Mirjam , Rudolf Henrik , Lenz Robert , Hotfiel Thilo , Tischer Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo examine a series of papers from top ranked orthopaedic journals with respect to the number of citations over a 10‐year observation period to identify factors that lead to high citation rates.MethodsThe Web of Science database was consulted to identify all published papers from the first‐year term of 2010 (January‐May) from four top orthopaedic journals: AJSM, Arthroscopy, JBJS Am and KSSTA. The database was used to analyze and compare the papers with respect to their characteristics and citations up to 2019. Basic information for each paper was collected including the author, country, study type and average citations per year (ACY). The most (Top20%) and least (Bottom20%) frequently cited papers were identified and differences were extracted.ResultsFive hundred sixteen papers were included with a total of 19,261 citations. Most of the published papers were from the United States (n = 245). On average, a paper received 37.3 citations over the 10‐year observation period. The most cited paper was cited 322 times. The most cited study type was randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Ø80.8). The Top20% papers were cited 37 times more often than the Bottom20%. Among the Top20%, the largest group was cohort study (n = 20) followed by case series (n = 19). Among others, the number of authors, the number of keywords and the number of references significantly correlated with the number of citations (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFactors influencing citation frequency were identified.
Basidiomycete non-reducing polyketide synthases function independently of SAT domains
Authors: Löhr Nikolai A. , Rakhmanov Malik , Wurlitzer Jacob M. , Lackner Gerald , Gressler Markus , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-reducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs) account for a major share of natural product diversity produced by both Asco- and Basidiomycota. The present evolutionary diversification into eleven clades further underscores the relevance of these multi-domain enzymes. Following current knowledge, NR-PKSs initiate polyketide assembly by an N-terminal starter unit:acyl transferase (SAT) domain that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl starter from the acetyl-CoA thioester onto the acyl carrier protein (ACP).

Results
A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of NR-PKSs established a twelfth clade from which three representatives, enzymes CrPKS1-3 of the webcap mushroom Cortinarius rufoolivaceus, were biochemically characterized. These basidiomycete synthases lack a SAT domain yet are fully functional hepta- and octaketide synthases in vivo. Three members of the other clade of basidiomycete NR-PKSs (clade VIII) were produced as SAT-domainless versions and analyzed in vivo and in vitro. They retained full activity, thus corroborating the notion that the SAT domain is dispensable for many basidiomycete NR-PKSs. For comparison, the ascomycete octaketide synthase atrochrysone carboxylic acid synthase (ACAS) was produced as a SAT-domainless enzyme as well, but turned out completely inactive. However, a literature survey revealed that some NR-PKSs of ascomycetes carry mutations within the catalytic motif of the SAT domain. In these cases, the role of the domain and the origin of the formal acetate unit remains open.

Conclusions
The role of SAT domains differs between asco- and basidiomycete NR-PKSs. For the latter, it is not part of the minimal set of NR-PKS domains and not required for function. This knowledge may help engineer compact NR-PKSs for more resource-efficient routes. From the genomic standpoint, seemingly incomplete or corrupted genes encoding SAT-domainless NR-PKSs should not automatically be dismissed as non-functional pseudogenes, but considered during genome analysis to decipher the potential arsenal of natural products of a given fungus.
FMSA: a meta-learning framework-based fast model stealing attack technique against intelligent network intrusion detection systems
Authors: Fan Kaisheng , Zhang Weizhe , Liu Guangrui , He Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntrusion detection systems are increasingly using machine learning. While machine learning has shown excellent performance in identifying malicious traffic, it may increase the risk of privacy leakage. This paper focuses on implementing a model stealing attack on intrusion detection systems. Existing model stealing attacks are hard to implement in practical network environments, as they either need private data of the victim dataset or frequent access to the victim model. In this paper, we propose a novel solution called Fast Model Stealing Attack (FMSA) to address the problem in the field of model stealing attacks. We also highlight the risks of using ML-NIDS in network security. First, meta-learning frameworks are introduced into the model stealing algorithm to clone the victim model in a black-box state. Then, the number of accesses to the target model is used as an optimization term, resulting in minimal queries to achieve model stealing. Finally, adversarial training is used to simulate the data distribution of the target model and achieve the recovery of privacy data. Through experiments on multiple public datasets, compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms, FMSA reduces the number of accesses to the target model and improves the accuracy of the clone model on the test dataset to 88.9% and the similarity with the target model to 90.1%. We can demonstrate the successful execution of model stealing attacks on the ML-NIDS system even with protective measures in place to limit the number of anomalous queries.
An exploratory cohort study of serum estradiol, testosterone, osteoprotegerin, interleukin-6, calcium, and magnesium as potential biomarkers of cervical spondylosis
Authors: Igwe Augustine Asiduba , Onyeso Ogochukwu Kelechi , Adandom Israel , Onyeso Kelechi Mirabel , Anyachukwu Canice Chukwudi , Awosoga Oluwagbohunmi A. , Ezema Charles Ikechukwu , Okoye Goddy Chuba 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundExploration of biomarkers for debilitating diseases such as cervical spondylosis is important to revolutionize clinical diagnosis and management of such conditions. The study aimed to determine the correlation between neck pain and disability and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin (OPG), estradiol (E2), testosterone (TES), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) among individuals with symptomatic cervical spondylosis.MethodsThis study was a cohort design. The participants were new referrals to two Nigerian physical therapy clinics. Participants’ neck pain intensity (PI), neck disability index (NDI), IL-6, OPG, E2, TES, Ca, and Mg were measured at baseline and after 13 weeks of follow-up. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samplesttest, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple linear regression.ResultsForty individuals aged 52.40 ± 8.60 years participated in the study. Women had significantly higher levels of IL-6 (t =  − 2.392,p = 0.026), OPG (t =  − 3.235,p = 0.005), E2 (t =  − 6.841,p = 0.001), but lower TES (t = 17.776,p = 0.001). There were no significant sex differences in PI and NDI. There were significant correlations between PI and OPG (r = 0.385,p < 0.001), NDI and OPG (r = 0.402,p < 0.001), and IL-6 (r = 0.235,p = 0.036). Significant predictors of PI were OPG (β = 0.442,p < 0.001) and E2 (β =  − 0.285,p = 0.011), and NDI were OPG (β = 0.453,p < 0.001), E2 (β =  − 0.292,p = 0.005), and IL-6 (β = 0.225,p = 0.024).ConclusionHigh serum levels of IL-6 and OPG were associated with cervical spondylosis severity. However, high serum levels of E2 and TES correlated with lesser severity. Moreover, TES inversely correlated with the proinflammatory cytokines.
A retrospective cohort study on prognostic factors and anti-thrombotic therapy and its correlation with disease outcome in patients of COVID-19
Authors: Prajapati Manthan , Oza Madhav , Bhagat Mansi , Rathod Mrudangsinh M. , Marwadi Mehul Ramanbhai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies have been conducted on clinical features, laboratory parameters, treatment, and anticoagulation therapy. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the relationship between prognostic parameters, anti-thrombotic agents, and their impact on disease outcomes within the regional population. A complete analysis of all the factors related to the prognostic, risk, therapies are important to identify the possible interpretation of the disease progression. To find out the utilization of antithrombotic therapy in patients of coronavirus disease 2019 and to study the correlation of antithrombotic therapy and prognostic factors with survival and non-survival.

Methods
In this retrospective study we included data of coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients who aged more than 18 with or without comorbidities, non-pregnant. We collected data of 768 patients from the medical record department of a tertiary care hospital. For the collected cohort data, we applied descriptive analysis and contingency analysis to find any difference between the surviving and non-surviving group of patients.

Results
We found that compared to survivors, the age was higher in non-surviving patients. Non-surviving patients had higher D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Ferritin levels than survival. The coagulation profile was changed in the non-surviving group. Further conducting contingency analysis, we found the critical role of anti-thrombotic agents in the outcome of the disease. We found that one anti-thrombotic agent has a varied result over another. Co-morbidities were found to be a significant factor for the outcome of the disease; as we analysed, we found diabetes mellitus and hypertension in most non-survivors.

Conclusion
We found that many prognostic factors were more important in finding the disease progression and can help in the administration of a particular anti-thrombotic therapy.
Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease: two sides of the prion coin
Authors: Haley Nicholas J. , Richt Juergen A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of progressive and ultimately fatal neurologic diseases of man and animals, all resulting from the propagated misfolding of the host’s normal cellular prion protein. These diseases can be spontaneous, heritable, anthropogenic/iatrogenic, or in some cases horizontally transmissible, and include such notable TSEs as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) of cattle and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids. Although they are both unequivocally protein misfolding disorders, they differ markedly in their pathogenesis, transmissibility, and zoonotic potential. While the BSE epidemic has largely abated over the past three decades following global feed bans on ruminant meat and bone meal, CWD, which is readily transmitted through various forms of excreta, has rapidly expanded from its original endemic zone to encompass much of North America, along with recently identified foci in Scandinavia. Most importantly, although the classical form of BSE has proven transmissible to humans consuming contaminated beef or beef products, so far there have been no conclusive reports on the zoonotic transmission of CWD to humans. The underlying basis for these differences – whether host or agent directed – are not well understood, though may be due to inherent differences in the three-dimensional structure of the misfolded BSE or CWD prion proteins or the expression levels and tissue distribution of respective cellular prion proteins. With the uncontrolled geographic spread of CWD, it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the factors governing prion disease pathogenesis, transmission, and zoonotic potential.
Compassion apps for better mental health: qualitative review
Authors: de Krijger Eva , Bohlmeijer Ernst T. , Geuze Elbert , Kelders Saskia M. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThere is increasing empirical evidence for the positive mental health effects of compassion-based interventions. Although numerous smartphone apps offering compassion-based interventions (‘compassion apps’) are now available for the general public, the quality of these apps has not yet been reviewed. A qualitative review of existing compassion apps serves as a crucial first step toward testing the efficacy of these apps, by identifying good-quality compassion apps that might be worth the investment of a scientific trial.AimsThe current study focuses on reviewing the quality of existing compassion apps.MethodExisting compassion apps were identified through searches in the Google Play Store and App Store. The 24 included apps were reviewed on their quality by using the Mobile App Rating Scale, and on their consistency with current evidence by comparing them to existing and studied compassion-based interventions.ResultsOf the 24 included apps, eight were identified that met the criteria of being consistent with existing and studied compassion-based interventions, and acceptable to good overall quality. The other 16 apps failed to meet one or both of these criteria.ConclusionsGood-quality compassion apps are available, but many of the available apps fail to meet certain quality criteria. In particular, many apps failed to offer sufficient relevant and correct information, or failed to offer this information in an entertaining and interesting way. It is recommended that future compassion apps are based on a clear definition of compassion, offer evidence- and theory-based exercises and implement tools for increasing engagement.
Association Between Free Fatty Acids and Cardiometabolic Risk in Coronary Artery Disease: Results From the PROMISE Study
Authors: Yuan Deshan , Xu Na , Song Ying , Zhang Zheng , Xu Jingjing , Liu Zhenyu , Tang Xiaofang , Han Yaling , Chen Yan , Zhang Yongzhen , Zhu Pei , Guo Xiaogang , Wang Zhifang , Liu Ru , Wang Qingsheng , Yao Yi , Feng Yingqing , Zhao Xueyan , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
The association between free fatty acids (FFAs) and unfavorable clinical outcomes has been reported in the general population. However, evidence in the secondary prevention population is relatively scarce.

Objective
We aimed to examine the relationship between FFA and cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
This study was based on a multicenter cohort of patients with CAD enrolled from January 2015 to May 2019. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Secondary outcomes included cardiac death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization.

Results
During a follow-up of 2 years, there were 468 (3.0%) all-cause deaths, 335 (2.1%) cardiac deaths, and 1279 (8.1%) MACE. Elevated FFA levels were independently associated with increased risks of all-cause death, cardiac death, and MACE (all P &lt; .05). Moreover, When FFA were combined with an original model derived from the Cox regression, there were significant improvements in discrimination and reclassification for prediction of all-cause death (net reclassification improvement [NRI] 0.245, P &lt; .001; integrated discrimination improvement [IDI] 0.004, P = .004), cardiac death (NRI 0.269, P &lt; .001; IDI 0.003, P = .006), and MACE (NRI 0.268, P &lt; .001; IDI 0.004, P &lt; .001). Notably, when stratified by age, we found that the association between FFA with MACE risk appeared to be stronger in patients aged ≥60 years compared with those aged &lt;60 years.

Conclusion
In patients with CAD, FFAs are associated with all-cause death, cardiac death, and MACE. Combined evaluation of FFAs with other traditional risk factors could help identify high-risk individuals who may require closer monitoring and aggressive treatment.