bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solutions to agricultural green water scarcity under climate change
Authors: He Liyin , Rosa Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rain-fed agricultural systems, which solely depend on green water (i.e. soil moisture from rainfall), sustain ∼60% of global food production and are particularly vulnerable to vagaries in temperature and precipitation patterns, which are intensifying due to climate change. Here, using projections of crop water demand and green water availability under warming scenarios, we assess global agricultural green water scarcity—defined when the rainfall regime is unable to meet crop water requirements. With present-day climate conditions, food production for 890 million people is lost because of green water scarcity. Under 1.5°C and 3°C warming—the global warming projected from the current climate targets and business as usual policies—green water scarcity will affect global crop production for 1.23 and 1.45 billion people, respectively. If adaptation strategies were to be adopted to retain more green water in the soil and reduce evaporation, we find that food production loss from green water scarcity would decrease to 780 million people. Our results show that appropriate green water management strategies have the potential to adapt agriculture to green water scarcity and promote global food security.
Immunogenic molecules associated with gut bacterial cell walls: chemical structures, immune-modulating functions, and mechanisms
Authors: Yin Ruopeng , Wang Tao , Dai Huanqin , Han Junjie , Sun Jingzu , Liu Ningning , Dong Wang , Zhong Jin , Liu Hongwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome interface, cell wall-derived molecules from gut commensal bacteria have been reported to play a pivotal role in training and remodeling host immune responses. In this article, we review gut bacterial cell wall-derived molecules with characterized chemical structures, including peptidoglycan and lipid-related molecules that impact host health and disease processes via regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Also, we aim to discuss the structures, immune responses, and underlying mechanisms of these immunogenic molecules. Based on current advances, we propose cell wall-derived components as important sources of medicinal agents for the treatment of infection and immune diseases.
A ‘Polyphonic Score’: Basil Bunting’s Persian Condensations
Authors: Abbas Reem 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In 1932, Basil Bunting was lodging with the Pounds in Genoa when he first encountered a French manuscript translation of Abul-Qasem Firdausi’s classical Persian epic the Shahnameh (1010). Upon realizing that the manuscript was incomplete, Bunting decided there was ‘nothing to do but learn Persian and read Firdausi, so I undertook that’. By 1942 his knowledge of Persian was good enough for the Ministry of Information to send him to Iran with the Royal Airforce, at which point he toured the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of Africa. Through these travels, and in particular his time in Iran, he discovered renewed possibilities for his personal and poetic life. His engagement with classical Persian literature over the 1940s was extensive and allowed him to eventually compose masterful translations of canonical classical Persian poets. I argue that his later translations, especially those written from 1947, demonstrate how translating Persian poetry refined Bunting’s Poundian poetics of condensation. I show that this synthesis produced formally and generically pluralistic poems that straddle multiple cultures, such as Odes 35 (1947) and 36 (1948). Through an analysis of The Spoils (1951), I explore the way in which Bunting’s own poetry was inflected by the Arabo-Persian ‘bait’ such that its literary traditions were made resonant with Anglophone ones. I then conclude by illustrating how the translations, the later odes, and The Spoils enabled him to write his irreducibly multiple magnum opus Briggflatts (1965).
Regional Consumption Responses and the Aggregate Fiscal Multiplier
Authors: Dupor Bill , Karabarbounis Marios , Kudlyak Marianna , Saif Mehkari M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We use regional variation in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009–12) to analyse the effect of government spending on consumer spending. Our consumption data come from household-level retail purchases in the Nielsen scanner data and auto purchases from Equifax credit balances. We estimate that a $1 increase in county-level government spending increases local non-durable consumer spending by $0.29 and local auto spending by $0.09. We translate the regional consumption responses to an aggregate fiscal multiplier using a multi-region, new Keynesian model with heterogeneous agents, incomplete markets, and trade linkages. Our model is consistent with the estimated positive local multiplier, a result that distinguishes our incomplete markets model from models with complete markets. At the zero lower bound, the aggregate consumption multiplier is twice as large as the local multiplier because trade linkages propagate the effect of government spending across regions.
Morphine and Hydromorphone Effects, Side Effects, and Variability: A Crossover Study in Human Volunteers
Authors: Meissner Konrad , Dahan Albert , Olofsen Erik , Göpfert Christine , Blood Jane , Wieditz Johannes , Kharasch Evan D. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Balancing between opioid analgesia and respiratory depression continues to challenge clinicians in perioperative, emergency department, and other acute care settings. Morphine and hydromorphone are postoperative analgesic standards. Nevertheless, their comparative effects and side effects, timing, and respective variabilities remain poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that IV morphine and hydromorphone differ in onset, magnitude, duration, and variability of analgesic and ventilatory effects.

Methods
The authors conducted a randomized crossover study in healthy volunteers. Forty-two subjects received a 2-h IV infusion of hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg) or morphine (0.2 mg/kg) 1 to 2 weeks apart. The authors measured arterial opioid concentrations, analgesia in response to heat pain (maximally tolerated temperature, and verbal analog pain scores at discrete preset temperatures to determine half-maximum temperature effect), dark-adapted pupil diameter and miosis, end-expired carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate for 12 h after dosing.

Results
For morphine and hydromorphone, respectively, maximum miosis was less (3.9 [3.4 to 4.2] vs. 4.6 mm [4.0 to 5.0], P < 0.001; median and 25 to 75% quantiles) and occurred later (3.1 ± 0.9 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 h after infusion start, P < 0.001; mean ± SD); maximum tolerated temperature was less (49 ± 2 vs. 50 ± 2°C, P < 0.001); verbal pain scores at end-infusion at the most informative stimulus (48.2°C) were 82 ± 4 and 59 ± 3 (P < 0.001); maximum end-expired CO2 was 47 (45 to 50) and 48 mmHg (46 to 51; P = 0.007) and occurred later (5.5 ± 2.8 vs. 3.0 ± 1.5 h after infusion start, P < 0.001); and respiratory nadir was 9 ± 1 and 11 ± 2 breaths/min (P < 0.001), and occurred at similar times. The area under the temperature tolerance-time curve was less for morphine (1.8 [0.0 to 4.4]) than hydromorphone (5.4°C-h [1.6 to 12.1] P < 0.001). Interindividual variability in clinical effects did not differ between opioids.

Conclusions
For morphine compared to hydromorphone, analgesia and analgesia relative to respiratory depression were less, onset of miosis and respiratory depression was later, and duration of respiratory depression was longer. For each opioid, timing of the various clinical effects was not coincident. Results may enable more rational opioid selection, and suggest hydromorphone may have a better clinical profile.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Patient-specific Risk Factors Increase Episode of Care Costs After Lumbar Decompression
Authors: D’Antonio Nicholas D. , Lambrechts Mark J. , Trenchfield Delano , Sherman Matthew , Karamian Brian A. , Fredericks Donald J. , Boere Payton , Siegel Nicholas , Tran Khoa , Canseco Jose A. , Kaye Ian David , Rihn Jeffrey , Woods Barrett I. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: April 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort analysis.

Objective:
To determine, which patient-specific risk factors increase total episode of care (EOC) costs in a population of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services beneficiaries undergoing lumbar decompression.

Summary of Background Data:
Lumbar decompression is an effective option for the treatment of central canal stenosis or radiculopathy in patients unresponsive to nonoperative management. Given that elderly Americans are more likely to have one or more chronic medical conditions, there is a need to determine, which, if any, patient-specific risk factors increase health care costs after lumbar decompression.

Methods:
Care episodes limited to lumbar decompression surgeries were retrospectively reviewed on a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service reimbursement database at our academic institution between 2014 and 2019. The 90-day total EOC reimbursement payments were collected. Patient electronic medical records were then matched to the selected care episodes for the collection of patient demographics, medical comorbidities, surgical characteristics, and clinical outcomes. A stepwise multivariate linear regression model was developed to predict patient-specific risk factors that increased total EOC costs after lumbar decompression. Significance was set at P <0.05.

Results:
A total of 226 patients were included for analysis. Risk factors associated with increased total EOC cost included increased age (per year) (β = $324.70, P < 0.001), comorbid depression (β = $4368.30, P = 0.037), revision procedures (β = $6538.43, P=0.012), increased hospital length of stay (per day) (β = $2995.43, P < 0.001), discharge to an inpatient rehabilitation facility (β = $14,417.42, P = 0.001), incidence of a complication (β = $8178.07, P < 0.001), and readmission (β = $18,734.24, P < 0.001) within 90 days.

Conclusions:
Increased age, comorbid depression, revision decompression procedures, increased hospital length of stay, discharge to an inpatient rehabilitation facility, and incidence of a complication and readmission within 90 days were all associated with increased total episodes of care costs.
Comparison of long-term quality of life between Billroth-I and Roux-en-Y anastomosis after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhang Weihan , Chen Zehua , Chen Xiaolong , Liu Kai , Zhao Linyong , Hu Jiankun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background:
The results of studies comparing Billroth-I (B-I) with Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction on the quality of life (QoL) are still inconsistent. The aim of this trial was to compare the long-term QoL of B-I with R-Y anastomosis after curative distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods:
A total of 140 patients undergoing curative distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from May 2011 to May 2014 were randomly assigned to the B-I group (N = 70) and R-Y group (N = 70). The follow-up time points were 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after the operation. The final follow-up time was May 2019. The clinicopathological features, operative safety, postoperative recovery, long-term survival as well as QoL were compared, among which QoL was the primary outcome. An intention-to-treat analysis was applied.

Results:
The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, and postoperative recovery between the two groups. Less estimated blood loss and shorter surgical duration were found in the B-I group. There were no significant differences in 5-year overall survival (79% [55/70] of the B-I group vs. 80% [56/70] of the R-Y group, P = 0.966) and recurrence-free survival rates (79% [55/70] of the B-I group vs. 78% [55/70] of the R-Y group, P = 0.979) between the two groups. The scores of the global health status of the R-Y group were higher than those of the B-I group with statistical differences (postoperative 1 year: 85.4 ± 13.1 vs. 88.8 ± 16.1, P = 0.033; postoperative 3 year: 87.3 ± 15.2 vs. 92.8 ± 11.3, P = 0.028; postoperative 5 year: 90.9 ± 13.7 vs. 96.4 ± 5.6, P = 0.010), and the reflux (postoperative 3 year: 8.8 ± 12.9 vs. 2.8 ± 5.3, P = 0.001; postoperative 5 year: 5.1 ± 9.8 vs. 1.8 ± 4.7, P = 0.033) and epigastric pain (postoperative 1 year: 11.8 ± 12.7 vs. 6.1 ± 8.8, P = 0.008; postoperative 3 year: 9.4 ± 10.6 vs. 4.6 ± 7.9, P = 0.006; postoperative 5 year: 6.0 ± 8.9 vs. 2.7 ± 4.6, P = 0.022) were milder in the R-Y group than those of the B-I group at the postoperative 1, 3, and 5-year time points.

Conclusions:
Compared with B-I group, R-Y reconstruction was associated with better long-term QoL by reducing reflux and epigastric pain, without changing survival outcomes.

Trial Registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR), No. ChiCTR-TRC-10001434.
The future of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in hormone replacement therapy cycles
Authors: Løssl Kristine , Spangmose Anne Lærke , Asserhøj Louise Laub , Dam Tine Vrist , Pinborg Anja 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
This review focuses on the efficacy of letrozole stimulated frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) compared to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) FET in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and/or oligo-anovulation. Further, obstetric and perinatal risks in HRT FET are summarized.

Recent findings
The presence of a corpus luteum seems to reduce the risk of pregnancy-related hypertension and preeclampsia after FET. As a natural cycle (NC) FET is not an option for women with oligo-/amenorrhea these women may benefit from FET with mild stimulation compared to HRT FET. The intention of mild stimulation in anovulatory women is to induce (mono) ovulation to mimic the endocrine profiles of the natural cycle and the early pregnancy after natural conception. Mild stimulation by letrozole is patient friendly and cheap compared to gonadotropin stimulated FET and has been increasingly used in recent years. Although the quality of evidence is low, the pregnancy outcomes after letrozole FET seems similar or even better compared to HRT FET in women with PCOS and/or oligo-anovulation.

Summary
Natural and modified NC FET should be used whenever possible to mitigate adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes after HRT FET. For anovulatory women, whenever ovulation can be induced, we advocate the use of mild stimulation FET to create a corpus luteum awaiting results from RCTs limited to oligo-anovulatory women.
Need for and extent of lymph node dissection for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: an updated review in 2023
Authors: Yanagisawa Takafumi , Kawada Tatsushi , von Deimling Markus , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Kimura Takahiro , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Although lymph node dissection (LND) during radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is recommended for high-risk nonmetastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), adherence to guidelines remains insufficient in clinical practice. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the current evidence regarding the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic impact of LND during RNU in UTUC patients.

Recent findings
Clinical nodal staging using conventional CT scan has low sensitivity (25%) and diagnostic accuracy [area under the curve (AUC): 0.58] in UTUC, suggesting the importance of LND for obtaining accurate N-staging. Patients with pathological node-positive (pN+) disease have poor disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) compared with those with pN0. In addition, population-based studies showed that patients who underwent LND improved CSS and OS than those who did not, even in patients who received adjuvant systemic therapy. The number of lymph nodes removed has also been shown to be associated with improved CSS and OS, even in pT0 patients. Template-based LND should be performed as the extent of lymph node is more important than the number of lymph nodes. Robot-assisted RNU may facilitate performing a meticulous LND compared with a laparoscopic approach. Postoperative complications such as lymphatic and/or chylous leakage are increased but adequately manageable. However, the current evidence is not supported by high-quality studies.

Summary
Based on the published data, LND during RNU is a standard procedure for high-risk nonmetastatic UTUC, owing to its diagnostic, staging, prognostic, and, potentially, therapeutic benefits. Template-based LND should be offered to all patients who are planned for RNU for high-risk nonmetastatic UTUC. Patients with pN+ disease are optimal candidates for adjuvant systemic therapy. Robot-assisted RNU may facilitate meticulous LND compared with laparoscopic RNU.
Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic vascular injury repair by trauma surgeons and vascular surgeons in a collaborative model
Authors: Gallagher Shea , Sozzi Marco , Gallegos Hannah , Ugarte Chaiss , Park Stephen , Schellenberg Morgan , Matsushima Kazuhide , Magee Gregory A. , Inaba Kenji , Martin Matthew 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Management roles for peripheral vascular injuries (PVI) are a source of ongoing debate given the concern for the loss of vascular skills among general surgeons and trauma surgeons (TS). We sought to analyze outcomes of PVI managed by TSs or vascular surgeons (VSs).

METHODS
This is a retrospective study of a single, Level I trauma center. Trauma patients with PVI who underwent repair from 2010 to 2021 were included. Patients were separated into groups by the surgical specialty (TS or VS) undertaking the first intervention of the injured vessel.

RESULTS
A total of 194 patients were included, with 101 (52%) PVI managed by TS and 93 (48%) by VS. The TS group had more penetrating injuries (84% vs. 63%, p < 0.01), were more often hypotensive (17% vs. 6%, p = 0.01), and had a higher median Injury Severity Score (10 vs. 9, p < 0.001). Time from arrival to operating room was lower in the TS group (77 vs. 257 minutes, p < 0.01), with no difference in rates of preoperative imaging. The TS group performed damage-control surgery (DCS) more frequently (21% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in reintervention rates between the two groups after excluding patients that required reintervention for definitive repair after DCS (13% vs. 9%, p = 0.34). Mortality was 8% in the TS group and 1% in the VS group (p = 0.02) with no deaths related to the PVI repair in either group. There was no difference in PVI repair complication rates between the two groups (18% vs. 13%; p = 0.36).

CONCLUSION
In our collaborative model at a high-volume trauma center, a wide variety of PVI are surgically managed by TS with VS. immediately available for consultation or for definitive repair of more complex vascular injuries. Trauma surgeons performed more DCS on higher acuity patients. No difference in vascular-related complications was detected between groups.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Visual integration of GWAS and differential expression results with the hidecan R package
Authors: Angelin-Bonnet Olivia , Vignes Matthieu , Biggs Patrick J. , Baldwin Samantha , Thomson Susan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSummaryWe presenthidecan, an R package for generating visualisations that summarise the results of one or more genome-wide association studies and differential expression analyses, as well as manually curated candidate genes, e.g. extracted from the literature.Availability and ImplementationThe hidecan package is implemented in R and is publicly available on the CRAN repository (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=hidecan) and on GitHub (https://github.com/PlantandFoodResearch/hidecan). A description of the package, as well as a detailed tutorial are available athttps://plantandfoodresearch.github.io/hidecan/.Contactolivia.angelin-bonnet@plantandfood.co.nz.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available.
Spatially selective open loop control of magnetic microrobots for drug delivery
Authors: Mirkhani Nima , Christiansen Michael G. , Gwisai Tinotenda , Menghini Stefano , Schuerle Simone 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRotating magnetic fields (RMFs), when used to actuate biomedical microrobots for targeted delivery to tumors, have been shown to enable them to overcome physiological barriers and promote their accumulation and penetration into tissue. Nevertheless, directly applying a RMF to a deeply situated target site also leads to off-target actuation in surrounding healthy tissue. Here, we investigate an open-loop control strategy for delivering torque density to diffuse distributions of microrobots at focal points by combining RMFs with magnetostatic gating fields. Taking magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) as a model biohybrid microrobotic system for torque-based actuation, we first use simulation to elucidate off-target torque suppression and find that resolution is set by the relative magnitude of the magnetostatic field and RMF. We study focal torque delivery in vitro, observing off-target suppression of translational velocity of MTB, convection-driven accumulation of companion nanoparticles, and tumor spheroid colonization. We then design, construct, and validate a mouse-scale torque-focusing apparatus incorporating a permanent magnet array, three-phase RMF coils, and offset coils to maneuver the focal point. Our control scheme enables the advantages of torque-based actuation to be combined with spatial targeting, and could be broadly applied to other microrobotic designs for improved drug delivery.One-Sentence Summary:Combining rotating magnetic fields with gating fields enables focused delivery of torque density to dispersed microrobots.
Self-Healable Spider Dragline Silk Materials
Authors: Chen Wen-Chia , Wang Ruei-Ci , Yu Sheng-Kai , Chen Jheng-Liang , Kao Yu-Han , Wang Tzi-Yuan , Chang Po-Ya , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Chen Ssu Ching , Liu Wei-Ren , Yang Ta-I , Wu Hsuan-Chen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeveloping materials with structural flexibility that permits self-repair in response to external disturbances remains challenging. Spider silk, which combines an exceptional blend of strength and pliability in nature, serves as an ideal dynamic model for adaptive performance design. In this work, a novel self-healing material is generated using spider silk. Dragline silk from spiderNephila pilipesis demonstrated with extraordinaryin situself-repair property through a constructed thin film format, surpassing that of two other silks from spiderCyrtophora moluccensisand silkwormBombyx mori. Subsequently, R2, a key spidroin associated with self-healing, is biosynthesized, with validated cohesiveness. R2 is further programmed with tunable healability (permanent and reversible) and conductivity (graphene doping; R2G) for electronics applications. In the first demonstration, film strips from R2 and R2G are woven manually into multidimensional (1D-3D) conductive fabrics for creating repairable logic gate circuits. In the second example, a reversibly-healable R2/R2G strip is fabricated as a re-configurable wearable ring probe to fit fingertips of varying widths while retaining its detecting capabilities. Such prototype displays a unique conformable wearable technology. Last, the remarkable finding of self-healing in spider silk could offer a new material paradigm for developing future adaptive biomaterials with tailored performance and environmental sustainability.