bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of different root canal irrigation activation techniques on microbial reduction in vivo study
Authors: Hussien Heba Atef Shafiek Moselhy , Darrag Abeer M. , Ghoneim Walaa M. , Al-Madboly Lamiaa A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim
To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of easy clean in reciprocation movement (ECR) as a root canal irrigation activation technique in comparison to conventional needle irrigation (CNI) in the reduction of bacterial count, through microbiological collection, and culture method.

Patients and methods
A total of 16 patients with single-rooted, single-canal teeth with primary endodontic infection were selected for this study. Initial microbial sample (S1) was taken from the root canal after access cavity preparation under complete aseptic condition with an absorbent paper point; subsequently, instrumentation was performed with ProTaper Universal rotary system then the second microbial sample (S2) was taken. Then cases were randomly divided into two groups according to the final irrigation activation method (n = 8); group 1: CNI; group 2: ECR. In the two tested groups, 2 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was applied with a side-vented needle and then in ECR group it was activated using Easy Clean (EC) for 20 s at 2 mm from working length (WL). This procedure was repeated three times. Finally, the third microbial sample (S3) was taken after irrigation activation. The three samples were cultured on blood agar, and incubated aerobically and anaerobically for 24 h at 37°C, the growing colonies were counted and recorded as colony-forming units (CFU).

Results
The two groups showed significant bacterial reduction after final irrigation (S3) than the first (S1) and second bacterial samples (S2). Regarding the percentage of bacterial reduction, significant differences were found between CNI versus ECR group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
It was concluded that using EC in reciprocation movement induces better antimicrobial effect than CNI in endodontic cases with primary root canal infections.
Artificial aging effect on color stability and bond strength of one-shaded versus multi-shaded composite resins
Authors: Elolimy Gehan A. , Shebl Eman A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim
To investigate the effect of thermocycling on color stability and shear bond strength of one single-shaded versus (Omnichroma) multi-shaded composite resins (Filtek Z350 XT).

Materials and methods
A total of 40 discs from both tested resin materials (Omnichroma and Filtek Z350) were prepared using a Teflon mold (8 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness) for color stability testing. Specimens of each tested resin composite material (n = 20) were randomly divided into two equal groups I and II (n = 10), according to the cycles of thermocycling 500 and 1000, respectively. Sixty extracted human maxillary central incisors were used for shear bond strength testing. Their crowns were secured to self-cure acrylic resin blocks with the labial surfaces facing upwards. The labial enamel surfaces were flattened with a wet 600 grit silicon carbide paper. After total etching and bonding procedures, tested composite resin materials were applied to the flat enamel surfaces by the aid of Teflon molds (4 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) then light cured. The specimens of each tested material (n = 30) were randomly divided into three equal groups (10 specimens each) according to thermocycling mode as follows; control group (without thermocycling), group I (thermocycling for 500 cycles) and group II (thermocycling for 1000 cycles). After aging, all the specimens were subjected to measurement of color stability (ΔE) using spectrophotometer and shear bond strength test using Instron testing machine. The data will be collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

Results
ΔE values for Omnichroma did not differ significantly when aged for 500 (group I) or 1000 cycle (group II) recording (P = 0.052). While ΔE values for Filtek Z350 after 1000 cycle differed significantly (P = 0.01). Shear bond strength values for omnichroma did not differ significantly from Filtek Z350 at baseline (P = 0.304). While, when aged for 500 or 1000 cycle, shear bond strength values differed significantly between groups I and II (P = 0.000 and 0.011, respectively).

Conclusions
Artificial aging by thermocycling (500 and 1000 cycles) decreased the color stability and shear bond strength of both tested composites. Single-shaded composite resin (Omnichroma) exhibited better performance regarding the maintenance of the baseline condition, being the material with less color change and more color stability.
An enhanced spectrophotometric method for determination of hydrogen peroxide during vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of water
Authors: Yu Haitao , Tan Longyuan , Xue Fuhai , Yang Laxiang 
Published: January 2025

This study re-evaluated the DPD/POD (N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine/peroxidase from horseradish) spectrophotometric method for accurately detecting low-concentration hydrogen peroxide in water. It established that the absorption coefficient of the adduct product, DPD•+, at a wavelength of 320 nm was approximately two times higher than at 551 nm, indicating lower detection limits at 320 nm for H2O2 measurement. An optimal POD/DPD ratio of 1 was identified for effective H2O2 concentration determination. The effect of selected anions (chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate) on H2O2 determination was found to be negligible at concentrations below 1 g L–1; however, at higher concentrations, these anions exhibited varying impacts on H2O2 measurement. The enhanced DPD/POD method is demonstrated as an effective tool for investigating the mechanism of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) processes by accurately detecting low-concentration H2O2 formed in situ during the photolysis of water. The findings provide insights into the optimal conditions for H2O2 determination by this spectrophotometric method and highlight the minimal influence of inorganic anions under specific conditions. This study not only enhances the understanding of H2O2 measurement in VUV-induced reactions but also underscores the potential applications of the DPD/POD method in exploring the dynamics of VUV processes.
KEY WORDS: Spectrophotometric method, Hydrogen peroxide, Peroxidase from horseradish, Vacuum ultraviolet.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 397-408.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.1
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of plant-mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extract
Authors: Duraisamy Ramesh , Arizo Abune , Yilma Belete 
Published: January 2025

Plant-based green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are valuable because of their advantages over traditional methods. This study examines the environment-friendly synthesized AgNPs using Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) stem aqueous extract. The optimum parameters for AgNP synthesis were a volume of plant extract (15 mL), aq. AgNO3 concentration (0.10 mM), AgNO3 volume (20 mL), reaction time (10 min), pH (11), and temperature (45 oC). The synthesized AgNPs at optimum conditions were characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. In colloidal solutions, the occurrence of CQ-AgNP was studied through the color change measured by the UV-visible spectrum, which confirms the developed AgNPs with a typical resonance spectrum (at 430 nm). The percentage yield of synthesized AgNPs was also estimated as 94.32%. The FTIR spectra exhibit the availability of CQ phytochemicals responsible for the reduction, capping, and stabilization of Ag+ of CQ-AgNP. The XRD pattern and SEM results show that the generation of highly crystalline spherical shapes of AgNPs has a mean diameter of 8.68 nm. Also, CQ-AgNPs had significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The CQ-AgNPs had better antioxidant activity compared to the ascorbic acid standard. Thus, this study recommends that the presently studied CQ-AgNPs may be used as a remedial agent for biomedical applications.
KEY WORDS: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cissus quadrangularis, Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticles.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 483-502.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.8
Towards the comparison synthesis of Fe3O4 nanocatalysts using two different systems in Fischer–Tropsch process
Authors: Hussien Al khazraji Abdulqadier , T. I. Alkayar Ziad , Alwan Hussen Maher , Mohamed Rashed Athraa 
Published: January 2025

Two types of nanocatalyst were synthesized using two different catalytic systems Fe3O4/ paraffin/polymethyl methacrylate (Fe3O4/pr/PMMA) and Fe3O4/paraffin/urotropine (Fe3O4/Pr/Uro) in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and downloaded in the slurry-bed reactor (SBR), their effect in the FTS performance and liquid hydrocarbons productivity were studied. The thermal decomposition method was used to prepare the nanoiron oxide nanocatalysts using the two systems. The results show that the two different systems affect the sizes of particle and gave nanoparticles with various sizes. The Fe3O4/paraffin/polymethyl methacrylate system nanocatalysts show good adsorption of syngas (CO:H2), with high activity as compared to Fe3O4/paraffin/urotropin in the FTS system. In addition, the polymethyl methacrylate polymer has enhanced the interaction between Fe3O4 NPs and CO:H2 molecule, leading improved syngas chemical adsorption and the formation of liquid hydrocarbons at all experimental temperatures, but with urotropin the conversion of CO was reduced when heated over 260 °C, and leading to lower the liquid hydrocarbons formation.
KEY WORDS: Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Polymethyl methacrylate, Urotropin.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 503-514.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.9
Cervical spondylosis: A case based exploration of Panchakarma therapeutic Potential
Authors: Kiranmai Gangarapu , Chaudhari Vaishali R , Nakade Mamata , Gupta Shweta 
Published: January 2025

Background: People's modern lives are mostly dependent on and hooked to digital lifestyles due to the nature of their jobs prolong sitting works for hours in one spot can lead to cervical issues, such as cervical spondylosis. This degenerative condition is persistent age-related wear and tear on the cervical spine's disc and vertebrae is known as cervical spondylosis. In Ayurveda cervical spondylosis can be corelated to the Manyastambha which is one among the 80 types of vata vyadhi. Aim and Objective: To study the effect of Greeva basti (localised cervical oil pooling therapy) and Kukutanda pinda sweda (hens’ egg bolus fomentation) along with Internal medication in the management of Manyastambha. Materials and methods: A 29-year-old female patient came with complaints of pain and stiffness in the back of neck region and mild radiating pain to left shoulder. Patient had complaints since three years and increased since six months used many medications but didn’t get any relief. X-ray finding shows Disc space narrowing at C4-C5, C5-C6 and Straightening of cervical Lordosis due to paraspinal muscle spasm. According to Ayurveda the treatment of vata vyadhi is snehan (oleation) and swedan (Fomentation). So, the treatment like Greeva basti and Kuktanda pinda (hen’s egg bolus) sweda are advised for nine days and followed by Ayurvedic internal medicines for one month. Result: The patient was assessed with subjective and objective parameter before and after treatment. The score of pain reduced from 3 to 0, stiffness from 2 to 0, range of neck movements Flexion from 3 to 0, extension from 3 to 1, lateral flexion rt and lt from 2 to 0, rotation of neck from rt and lt 2 to 0. Conclusion: A treatment protocol, consisting of Greeva basti (localized oil pooling therapy) and Kukutanda pinda sweda (hens’ egg bolus fomentation), and oral herbal medications, significantly improved cervical spondylosis symptoms by 90% and enhanced cervical curvature, as confirmed by radiographic evidence.
LC-MS profiling of Kanchnar Guggulu - A polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation using two solvent systems
Authors: Kumari Varsha , Kamat Rajeshwari V 
Published: January 2025

Kanchnar Guggulu is an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation made up of 12 ingredients. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection is a powerful analytical technique for separating, identifying, and quantifying various analytes within a mixture. Objective: This study aims to characterise the phytochemical composition of Kanchnar Guggulu using two different solvent systems: (100% Water + 0.1 % Formic acid) and (100 % Acetonitrile + 0.1 % Formic acid). Materials and Methods: Samples obtained from a GMP-certified pharmacy underwent solid-liquid extraction employing two distinct solvents, followed by LC-MS analysis. Results: Analysis revealed the presence of 1976 & 859 phytochemical compounds in the (100% Water + 0.1 % Formic acid) and (100 % Acetonitrile + 0.1 % Formic acid) extracts, respectively. Notably, 696 phytochemicals were common in both extracts, likely due to slight differences in solvent polarity. Among Total Compounds from polar solvent, 17.68% Steroids,15.24 % Terpenoids, 15.8 % Alkaloids, 9.75 % Phenolic compounds, 6.7 % Hormones, 4.8 % Flavonoids, 3.65 % Lactones, 3.65 % Carboxyllic acid & Derivatives,3.4 % Esters & Lactones, 2.43 % Organic acid,2.43 % Nitrogen-Containing Compounds,1.82 % Carbohydrates & Sugar derivatives, 0.6 % Saponins were found. And among Total compounds from Nonpolar solvent 14.81% Alkaloids, 14.81 % Terpenoids, 11.11% Esters,12.96 % Fatty acid & derivative,7.4 % Steroidal compounds,7.4 % Hydrazones, 5.55 % Cinnamic acid derivative, 3.7 % Lactones, 3.7 % Quinones, 3.7 % Piperazine derivatives and 1.85 % Acridines were found. Conclusion: 2291 unique phytochemical constituents were identified in the two solvent extracts of the same sample, highlighting the significance of solvent selection in phytochemical profiling studies.
A single-arm pilot study to analyse the hepatic safety of Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) for the Prevention of COVID-19
Authors: Kar Sarbeswar , BG Madhusudan , Panda Ashok Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Background - The distribution of Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (A preparation of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) to a large population as a prophylaxis medicine for COVID-19 was carried out by the Ministry of AYUSH. This drive was based on the promising clinical outcome in asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 infections. A small report has recently confused the public by showing an association between Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) use and the development of herb-induced liver injury (HILI) with autoimmune features in some patients. There is no hepatic safety literature to clear up the confusion. Therefore, in the present pilot study, an attempt was made to create a primary database on the hepatic safety of Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers). Objectives- To create a primary database on the hepatic safety of Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers). Materials and Methods – Samshamani Vati was administered to subjects selected from the OPD of JSS Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, by pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria, in the dose of four tablets in two divided doses after food with lukewarm water for one month for the assessment of hepatic safety clinically and bio-chemically. Study design – The study design was a single-arm, open-prospective, interventional study. Result- Fifty patients were approached for inclusion in the study. Thirty-one healthy persons fulfilled the criteria, and thirty subjects completed the study. The maximum number of studied participants were females between the age of 20 to 30 years. There is no significant change in liver function test (SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline Phosphatase), complete blood count (Hb% and PLT count) and Serum Creatinine before and after one-month of administration of Samshamani Vati. Conclusion- Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (TC) has not induced any hepatic dysfunction in terms of clinical symptoms or abnormal liver function tests and is relatively safe.
Financial Reporting Quality of Licensed Financial Institutions in Sri Lanka: A Comparative Analysis Across Historical Cost and Fair Value Accounting Regimes
Authors: Jayasekara S. G. Sisira Dharmasri , Perera K. L. Wasantha , Ajward Roshan 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework to measure the financial reporting quality (FRQ) of licensed financial institutions (LFIs) in Sri Lanka and assess the FRQ of the fair value accounting regime over the historical cost regime. This study uses a quantitative design based on positivism to assess the FRQ. The sample size comprised 44 LFIs where the historical cost and fair value accounting regimes were assessed considering annual reports published in 2011 and 2021 respectively. Structured content analysis is used to collect data to assign a quantitative or numeric value for each item to capture FRQ dimensions under the conceptual framework. A comprehensive set of FRQ indices were developed to assess FRQ and the indices were compared using a t-test across historical cost and fair value accounting regimes. The analysis reveals that the FRQ of LFIs in Sri Lanka has improved significantly in the fair value accounting regime over the historical cost regime. However, regulatory disclosure requirements adhering to the strengthened corporate governance regime were also effective during the transition period Therefore, the IFRS adoption may not be the sole contributing factor to the improved FRQ in the fair value accounting regime. Hence, future studies may focus on assessing FRQ considering fair value-based earnings management practices and extend the scope of FRQ to evolving financial technology which may play an important role in FRQ.

Received: 26 August 2024 | Revised: 7 November 2024 | Accepted: 24 December 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Author Contribution Statement
S. G. Sisira Dharmasri Jayasekara: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. K. L. Wasantha Perera: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Resources, Data curation, Supervision. Roshan Ajward: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Resources, Data curation, Supervision.
Method Development and Validation of Antihypertensive Drug by using UV Spectroscopy
Authors: Mr. Akib. N. Sheikh  , Mr. Saurabh. D. Sahare  , Mr. Prathamesh N. Shukla  , Prof. Nitin A. Chandekar  , Dr. M. D. Kitukale  
Published: January 2025

Hypolipidemic drugs are therapeutic agents designed to lower lipid levels, particularly cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood. These drugs play a crucial role in managing conditions such as hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. As the global prevalence of such diseases continues to rise, the demand for effective hypolipidemic treatments grows, prompting ongoing research and development in this field. Rosuvastatin, belongs to class of statins. Which are used to treat the high cholesterol and use to prevent the cardiovascular disease. Rosuvastatin chemically is (3R,5S,6E)-7[4-(4-Flurophenyl)-2- (N-Methyl- methanesulfonamido)-6-(Propan-2-ylPyrimidin-5-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic	acid.1 Spectroscopy offers a promising alternative due to its rapid, non-destructive nature and minimal sample requirements.
Formulação de Problemas: um comparativo entre diferentes níveis educacionais
Authors: Azevedo Eliane Bihuna de , Figueiredo Elisandra Bar de , Colaço Amanda Zanelato 
Published: January 2025

A Formulação de Problemas (FP) no contexto escolar acontece quando o estudante usa sua criatividade para reformular ou criar seus próprios problemas relacionados aos conteúdos matemáticos abordados em sala de aula e, por meio dela, tem a oportunidade de explorar seus próprios interesses, tornando o processo de criação significativo e proveitoso. Este trabalho apresenta uma comparação entre os problemas formulados por bolsistas de Iniciação Científica (IC) que pesquisaram sobre FP e três grupos de estudantes que não tiveram contato prévio com essa teoria: alunos de Cálculo da graduação, da pós-graduação em Matemática e monitores de Cálculo. As situações-problema eram semiestruturadas e abordavam o tema de funções. A análise das atividades, comparando a estrutura do problema formulado com a situação descrita, mostrou que o percentual dos problemas criados pelas alunas de IC e pelos alunos de pós-graduação que atendiam completamente à proposta foi de 100 % e 83,3 %, respectivamente, enquanto pelos alunos de Cálculo e pelos monitores foi 40 % e 37,5 %, respectivamente. Com base nessa experiência, podemos inferir que as estudantes de IC que tiveram contato teórico prévio com FP e os alunos de pós-graduação, que eram todos professores e têm a experiência e o amadurecimento do conteúdo, obtiveram melhores resultados nas atividades.
Occupational Therapists’ Role in Maternal Health in the Home Environment After Cesarean Section
Authors: Rich Caroline , Skuthan Alysha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cesarean sections (c-sections) are the most commonly performed surgery in the United States, and the country is currently facing a maternal health crisis. Surprisingly, women do not receive rehabilitation services to support the acute stages of c-section recovery. When someone undergoes a knee or hip replacement, it is standard practice for the physician to order home health services, including occupational therapy, for a client before they are discharged from the hospital. The role transition to motherhood, which requires the provision of newborn care, physical limitations after surgery, and the associated mental health changes position occupational therapy practitioners as professionals who can provide essential services to mothers after a c-section. In this column, we argue for occupational therapy practitioners’ important role in serving women in the home environment immediately after a c-section and provide a tangible action plan for implementing these crucial services to improve maternal health outcomes. This column gives a voice to the often-invisible struggles of mothers suffering in silence in the acute postpartum stage of c-section recovery in the hope of bringing positive change to maternal health outcomes through the provision of skilled occupational therapy services.