bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First detection of viral pathogens of chickpea in Germany
Authors: Kartheuser C. , Tan S. , Bubolz J. , Reckling M. , Menzel W. , Ziebell H. , Krenz B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Legumes play a crucial role in agriculture and serve as a valuable source of protein for human and animal consumption. However, legumes are susceptible to various viral infections, which can cause significant losses in yield and quality. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume worldwide. While its cultivation in Germany is still in its infancy, it is expected to increase due to its numerous advantages. It is adapted to drought conditions, is an attractive additional option for crop rotations in organic farming and is gaining popularity for regionally produced food products. However, there is little knowledge about the presence and potential agronomic impact of viral pathogens in chickpea grown under German conditions. This study is the first that investigated the prevalence of legume-infecting viruses on chickpea crops grown in Germany. In 2022 and 2023, we collected sample material from symptomatic plants at three locations and analyzed it for the presence of circular (ss) DNA viruses, such as pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus (PNYDV), using a combination of rolling circle amplification (RCA) and downstream restriction fragment length pattern (RFLP) analysis. Furthermore, we conducted a reverse transcription PCR assay to detect different legume-infecting RNA viruses. In 2022 PNYDV was detected in 5 plants, all from the ‘Amorgos’ chickpea variety, located near a pea field. RNA viruses were detected in 27 plants, mostly TuYV or PEMV-1. Double and triple infections were common, with one plant exhibiting a triple infection of PNYDV, TuYV and PEMV-1. Symptoms of viral infection included leaf yellowing, dwarfism and chlorotic spots, with coinfections leading to more severe symptoms. In 2023, pea, cowpea and chickpea samples were collected from Schleibnitz/Wanzleben, Saxony-Anhalt, along with various chickpea accessions and cultivars from ZALF experimental fields, where the presence of PSbMV, PEMV, PNYDV, BYMV and TuYV was confirmed across these hosts. These findings indicate that viral pathogens pose a significant threat to chickpea production in Germany, necessitating the development of resistant cultivars and integrated management strategies.
Kyphectomy followed by self-sliding pedicle screw and translumbosacral rod impaction and fixation: a novel growth-friendly technique in myelomeningocele patients
Authors: Barros Alderico Girão Campos , Noronha Diogo R. , Carelli Luis E. , Skaggs David L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
Congenital lumbar kyphosis is present in about 15% of patients with myelomeningocele. Worsening of deformity with complications such as chronic skin ulcers and bone exposure is common. In patients under 8 years of age, treatment becomes even more challenging: in addition to resecting the apex of the kyphotic deformity, we should ideally stabilize the spine with fixation methods that do not interrupt the growth of the rib cage, associated with the challenging pelvic fixation in this population. The emergence of growth-friendly techniques has greatly benefited patients with early-onset deformity, allowing for correction and control of deviation without interrupting trunk growth, which is often already compromised in these patients. We describe the surgical technique and present preliminary clinical outcomes for a novel approach which combines self-sliding screws that allow for trunk growth with impaction of translumbosacral rods for distal fixation.

Methodology
Candidates for the technique were patients with myelomeningocele and congenital lumbar kyphosis, inability to assume supine position, and a history of skin ulcers, recurrent osteomyelitis and poor weight gain. They all lacked sensory or motor function below the level of the myelomeningocele. They underwent the same reconstruction technique after kyphectomy which combines self-sliding screws that allow for trunk growth with impaction of the translumbosacral rods for distal fixation.

Results
Case 1: Female; 4.5 years old at surgery; 5 year follow-up. 1 complication: loosening of one blocker. The child is doing well and did not require surgical revision. Mean growth per year: 9.5 mm. Case 2: Male; 7.4 Years old at surgery; 4 year follow-up. 1 complication: post-surgical infection which required 2 debridements in the operating room and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Mean growth per year: 6 mm. Case 3: Female; 5.5 Years old at surgery; 27 month follow-up. No complications reported so far. Mean growth per year: 9.42 mm. None of the cases showed signs of sacral osteolysis or rod migration.

Discussion / Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study that combines sliding screws with translumbosacral rod impaction. Although this technique has proven to be safe and effective, we are aware that the number of cases is limited and the follow-up is short. Further studies are necessary to confirm the method.
Implementing Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for Dementia in a Low-Resource Setting: A Case Study in Tanzania Exploring Barriers, Facilitators, and Recommendations for Practice
Authors: Fisher Emily , Mkenda Sarah , Walker Jessica , Safic Ssenku , Stoner Charlotte R. , Dotchin Catherine , Paddick Stella-Maria , Lyimo Godrule , Rogathi Jane , Jelen Maria , Breckons Matthew , Fossey Jane , Walker Richard , Spector Aimee 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a group psychosocial intervention for people with mild-to-moderate dementia. Despite evidence supporting its effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and cultural adaptation internationally, CST has yet to be implemented in routine practice outside of the UK. This study consisted of multiple phases. In the first phase, we engaged stakeholders to explore the barriers and facilitators to CST implementation in Tanzania. In the second phase, we developed implementation strategies. In the third phase, we tested these strategies in a study of CST in a tertiary hospital in northern Tanzania. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided the study. We conducted stakeholder engagement with decision-makers, healthcare professionals, people with dementia and their family caregivers (n = 49) to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. We developed an implementation plan that included 20 implementation strategies related to 12 CFIR constructs. Subsequently, we tested these strategies by running eight CST groups with 49 participants. In follow-up interviews with people with dementia, carers and healthcare professionals, we identified 18 key CFIR constructs as barriers or facilitators to successfully implementing CST. CST was compatible with the standards of care in a tertiary referral hospital in northern Tanzania. To implement CST in low-resource settings, we recommend running dementia awareness initiatives, screening for dementia in outpatients and community settings, developing a train-the-trainer model, employing a task-shifting approach, and creating a dementia-friendly space for dementia services. Our findings can inform future efforts to implement CST and other psychosocial interventions for dementia in low-resource settings.
Application of the Behaviour Change Wheel to Promote Utilisation of a Cognitive Impairment Screening Tool
Authors: Zbukvic Isabel , Bryce Shayden , Pilkington Vita , Mills Robyn , Smith Desiree , Alahakoon Laksha , Crlenjak Caroline , Benson Melinda , Delprado Jacinta , Kamminga Jody , Allott Kelly 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Youth Risk of Cognitive Impairment Toolkit (Youth ROCIT) is a free, online written guide designed to help health and mental health workforces screen for risk of cognitive difficulties in young people aged 12–25. The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) provides a structured approach to behaviour change initiatives for workforces and can be utilised to support the implementation of tools like the Youth ROCIT. Using a modified BCW method, this project aimed to develop and pilot a tailored behaviour change approach to improve screening for cognitive impairment risk using the Youth ROCIT in an Australian youth (12–18 years) drug and alcohol service. The BCW method was applied to understand and address behavioural drivers of cognitive screening within a multidisciplinary team, and design strategies to support the implementation of the Youth ROCIT in routine clinical practice. Data on context, practices, barriers, enablers, and perspectives on the Youth ROCIT were collected through surveys, interviews, and interactive workshops. Routine service data from the patient management system was used to understand behaviour change. Multiple strategies were identified to support the implementation of the Youth ROCIT and the methodology was seen as acceptable and feasible by implementation facilitators and workshop participants. The service team rated the Youth ROCIT as acceptable, appropriate, and feasible, and reported high intentions to use the tool with young people. Service data showed changes in practice following the initiative. The BCW provided an acceptable and feasible framework for developing strategies to support the implementation of the Youth ROCIT in a youth health service setting.
Global research trends in Environmental adaptation techniques focusing on climate change through scientometric lens
Authors: Shyamala G. , Gobinath R. , Hemalatha B. , Akkalla DivyaSri , Ezhil S. Shenbaga , Sathya V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClimate change is a significant threat to ecosystems and communities, and challenges global sustainability; therefore, more research on climate change adaptations should be conducted. This scientometric study presents databases on global trends in academic research, specific contributions, and thematic evolution of environmental adaptations to climate change. Using the Scopus database of publications, this study focuses on publications between 2009 (January) and 2024 (August), with an emphasis on the interpretation of primary research interests, authors, contributions from countries, and collaborative networks. According to the findings, there has been a shift in focus to more adaptive management in agricultural and biological diversity practices, with more emphasis on the integration of ecological, technological, and social science disciplines. This work also reveals that countries have gaps in regional research, especially in developing countries, and highlights the need to work collectively across the globe. Through citation analysis, thematic evolution, and future research recommendations, this study enriches the knowledge of the line of research on environmental adaptation and underlines its significance in addressing climate change effects.
Highly effective photostabilization of polyvinyl chloride films using omeprazole-tin additive complexes
Authors: Fawzi Sarah , Yousif Emad , Zainulabdeen Khalid , Bufaroosha Muna , Ahmed Dina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolyvinyl chloride is extensively utilized in various applications that affect our lives. It is produced on an industrial scale in different shapes and forms. Polyvinyl chloride is subjected to photodegradation, which produces toxic products. These products are hazardous to the environment and human health. Additionally, photodegradation shortens the lifetime use of polyvinyl chloride. Therefore, the elongation of the lifetime of polyvinyl chloride is an important issue to be addressed. Recently, research has been highlighted towards designing, synthesizing, and using new additives capable of reducing the photodecomposition of polyvinyl chloride. The present work focuses on synthesizing novel omeprazole-tin complexes and their prospective utilization for reducing the photodecomposition of polyvinyl chloride. Compound 1 was synthesized in high yield from omeprazole, the structure of which has been confirmed. Some of the observed behaviors were explained by the potential application of additives as photostabilizers for polyvinyl chlorides. The effectiveness of the new additives in decreasing the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride was demonstrated through the analysis of weight loss, molecular weight depression, formation of fragments containing carbonyl and alkene groups, and surface morphology of irradiated polyvinyl chloride films.
Benchmark analysis of various pre-trained deep learning models on ASSIRA cats and dogs dataset
Authors: Himel Galib Muhammad Shahriar , Islam Md. Masudul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImage classification using deep learning has gained significant attention, with various datasets available for benchmarking algorithms and pre-trained models. This study focuses on the Microsoft ASIRRA dataset, renowned for its quality and benchmark standards, to compare different pre-trained models. Through experimentation with optimizers, loss functions, and hyperparameters, this research aimed to enhance model performance. Notably, this study achieved significant accuracy improvements with minimal modifications to the training process. Experiments were conducted across three computer architectures, yielding superior accuracy results compared to previous studies on this dataset. The NASNet Large model emerged with the highest accuracy at 99.65%. The findings of this research demonstrate the effectiveness of hyperparameter tuning for renowned pre-trained models, suggesting optimal settings for improved classification accuracy. This study underscores the potential of deep learning approaches in achieving superior performance by hyperparameter tuning for image classification tasks.
Tree diversity, carbon sequestration and production potential of Oryza sativa L. in traditional agroforestry systems of Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kumar Sandeep , Khanduri Vinod Prasad , Singh Bhupendra , Joshi Reena , Riyal Manoj Kumar , Rawat Deepa , Kumar Kewat Sanjay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Agroforestry is an alternative land use practice that holds promise for societal benefits and the attainment of ecosystem sustainability. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tree diversity, carbon sequestration, soil carbon pool, oxygen production and rice productivity under traditional agroforestry systems at different elevations in the Garhwal Himalayan region of India. Tree diversity, carbon sequestration and oxygen production were quantified by field measurements (using 0.04 ha quadrats) and subsequent calculations. Rice productivity was assessed using grain yield, straw yield and biological yield, while soil properties were analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods. Results of the study showed that tree diversity was higher at the 1200–1600 m elevation and had a maximum Shannon Diversity Index (1.29) and Simpson Diversity Index (0.69). The 1600–2000 m elevation stored more carbon (34.43 Mg ha−1) and total oxygen production (91.79 Mg ha−1). Among the agroforestry trees, Quercus leucotrichophora, Melia azedarach and Prunus cerasoides showed the highest carbon storage and total oxygen production. Elevation and soil depth were found to affect the soil properties. The agroforestry systems had higher soil organic carbon and lower bulk density than sole cropping systems. Compared to the agroforestry system, the monoculture produced more rice (Oryza sativa). The study shows that traditional agroforestry is a valuable tool for carbon sequestration and soil improvement, albeit with potential compromises in crop productivity. It emphasises the need for tailored management approaches to harness the ecological and environmental benefits of agroforestry in the Himalayas. This study draws attention to the potential of traditional agroforestry in the Garhwal Himalaya for carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation and soil quality improvement which provides a reference for striking a balance between the ecological advantages of agroforestry and the socio-economic considerations of local communities. However, it also underlines the importance of considering trade-offs between environmental benefits and crop yields when implementing such agroforestry systems.

Graphical Abstract
Proposed Relationships Between Climate, Biological Soil Crusts, Human Health, and in Arid Ecosystems
Authors: Ramsey Marieke L. , Kollath Daniel R. , Antoninka Anita J. , Barker Bridget M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBiological soil crusts (or biocrust) are diminutive soil communities with ecological functions disproportionate to their size. These communities are composed of lichens, bryophytes, cyanobacteria, fungi, liverworts, and other microorganisms. Creating stabilizing matrices, these microorganisms interact with soil surface minerals thereby enhancing soil quality by redistributing nutrients and reducing erosion by containment of soil particles. Climatic stressors and anthropogenic disturbances reduce the cover, abundance, and functions of these communities leading to an increase of aeolian dust, invasive plant establishment, reduction of water retention in the environment, and overall poor soil condition. Drylands are the most degraded terrestrial ecosystems on the globe and support a disproportionately large human population. Restoration of biocrust communities in semi‐arid and arid ecosystems benefits ecosystem health while decreasing dust emissions. Dust abatement can improve human health directly but also indirectly by reducing pathogenic microbe load circulating in the ambient air. We hypothesize that biocrusts not only reduce pathogen load in the air column but also inhibit the proliferation of certain pathogenic microbes in the soil. We provide a review of mechanisms by which healthy biocrusts in dryland systems may reduce soil‐borne pathogens that impact human health. Ecologically sustainable mitigation strategies of biocrust restoration will not only improve soil conditions but could also reduce human exposure to soil‐borne pathogens.
Evidence of a Magnetic Null in Electron‐Only Reconnection
Authors: Tian A. H. , Wang Z. , Fu H. S. , Guo Z. Z. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMagnetic nulls are traditionally suggested as main points where energy dissipation occurs during reconnection. Such nulls have been widely observed in the diffusion region of standard reconnection following a two‐fluid picture, but have never been investigated in the thin current sheet of electron‐only reconnection. Recently, an electron‐only reconnection event was observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in Earth's magnetosheath. The small separation of MMS spacecraft (∼7 km) provides a good opportunity to examine whether magnetic nulls exist in electron‐only reconnection. By utilizing the First‐Order Taylor Expansion method, we find a radial null in this event. Moreover, such nulls degenerate into X‐type nulls inside a reconnecting current sheet, suggesting that it's quasi 2D structure. By reconstructing the topology of this null, we can also estimate the reconnection rate of this electron‐only reconnection event and find it's time‐varying, suggesting it's an unsteady process. Our results are useful to further understand the process of electron‐only reconnection.
The Quasi‐Periodic Nighttime Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances on 13 May 2024 During the Recovery Phase of a SuperStorm
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui , Liu Jing , Song Huimin , Xia Hao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOn 10–14 May 2024, one of the most powerful geomagnetic storms occurred, with the Dst less than −400 nT. Quasi‐periodic nighttime traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) observed during the recovery phase on 13 May are explored using the detrended total electron content (dTEC) and the neutral wind measurements from Fabry‐Perot interferometers (FPI) at Millstone station. At middle latitudes, the strong westward plasma drifts drove an obvious nighttime ionospheric trough at 52° magnetic latitude. Equatorward of this middle‐latitude trough, quasi‐periodic TIDs in dTEC were found, with a period of 1 hr and phase speeds ranging from 305.6 to 649.3 m/s. Based on the AE index, the periodic energy deposition during substorms might be responsible for the quasi‐periodic oscillations of TIDs. Fortunately, FPI‐measured horizontal winds at Millstone showed a quasi‐periodic oscillation as well, indicating their potential key role.
Landscape Influences on Microclimate and Tree Growth Cessation in a Semi‐Arid Montane Forest
Authors: Malone Fin , Hoylman Zachary H. , Hu Jia , Jencso Kelsey G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs climate change impacts the severity and frequency of drought, knowledge of hillslope‐to‐watershed scale ecohydrology is increasingly necessary to inform appropriate conservation, restoration, and management of forested ecosystems. In mountain environments, spatial patterns of water and energy organize forest productivity at plot, hillslope, and watershed scales. These microclimatic patterns are impacted by gradients in elevation, aspect, and local topographic convergence and divergence. In water‐limited ecosystems, such patterns may be first‐order drivers of tree growth. However, there is limited field‐based research characterizing how seasonal drivers of forest growth may vary across complex terrain. Throughout the growing season, we measured soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit, soil and air temperatures, and radial growth at 27 Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) sites within Lubrecht Experimental Forest, Montana USA. Using these data, we assessed the influences of elevation, aspect, and local topographic position on hillslope‐scale microclimates. These seasonal microclimates were then compared to the observed timing of tree growth cessation. Generally, trees located in high elevations, north‐facing aspects, and convergent topographic positions were correlated with decreased temperatures, greater soil moisture, and reduced vapor pressure deficits, leading to later growth cessation. However, at the wettest positions, persistently saturated soil moisture conditions contributed to earlier cessation. Our findings highlight the landscape partitioning of forest microclimates and subsequently, their contribution to the spatial organization of growing seasons in semi‐arid mountain watersheds. Lastly, we suggest that over longer timescales these seasonal microclimates influence tree growth year after year, contributing to the organization of cumulative forest growth previously observed within the watershed.