bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional community structure modulates zooplankton production rates across boreal lakes
Authors: St‐Gelais Nicolas F. , del Giorgio Paul A. , Beisner Beatrix E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Although there is a general consensus in ecology that more diverse communities tend to be more productive, it is still unclear whether this holds for aquatic ecosystems, especially with indicators of productivity rates and not just standing biomass proxies. Furthermore, most evidence is based on the results of experimental studies in which biodiversity was assessed through taxonomic richness, although functional indicators could be more relevant.

Consequently, we still have a poor understanding of how real community performance is linked to the various features of community structure in natural aquatic ecosystems. Here we explicitly assessed the effect of functional traits and diversity on crustacean zooplankton productivity rates measured across 84 boreal Canadian lakes spanning wide limnological gradients. Productivity was assessed using the chitobiase enzyme method. Redundancy analyses and structured equation modelling were used to assess the relationship between zooplankton production rates, community structure (diversity and functional composition), while accounting for standing biomass and environmental factors

After controlling for the effect of environmental factors, zooplankton production rates were positively linked to dominance (lower functional evenness) by certain feeding traits (Daphnia filtration and Chydorus filtration), demonstrating an identity (selection) effect.

Overall, the magnitude of the functional compositional effect on production was comparable to the aggregate effect of the environmental variables. Our study demonstrates that zooplankton functional community structure plays an important role in the regulation of a pivotal lake ecosystem function.
Differences in leaf gas exchange strategies explain Quercus rubra and Liriodendron tulipifera intrinsic water use efficiency responses to air pollution and climate change
Authors: Mathias Justin M. , Smith Kenneth R. , Lantz Kristin E. , Allen Keanan T. , Wright Marvin J. , Sabet Afsoon , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Thomas Richard B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrees continuously regulate leaf physiology to acquire CO2 while simultaneously avoiding excessive water loss. The balance between these two processes, or water use efficiency (WUE), is fundamentally important to understanding changes in carbon uptake and transpiration from the leaf to the globe under environmental change. While increasing atmospheric CO2 (iCO2) is known to increase tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), less clear are the additional impacts of climate and acidic air pollution and how they vary by tree species. Here, we couple annually resolved long‐term records of tree‐ring carbon isotope signatures with leaf physiological measurements of Quercus rubra (Quru) and Liriodendron tulipifera (Litu) at four study locations spanning nearly 100 km in the eastern United States to reconstruct historical iWUE, net photosynthesis (Anet), and stomatal conductance to water (gs) since 1940. We first show 16%–25% increases in tree iWUE since the mid‐20th century, primarily driven by iCO2, but also document the individual and interactive effects of nitrogen (NOx) and sulfur (SO2) air pollution overwhelming climate. We find evidence for Quru leaf gas exchange being less tightly regulated than Litu through an analysis of isotope‐derived leaf internal CO2 (Ci), particularly in wetter, recent years. Modeled estimates of seasonally integrated Anet and gs revealed a 43%–50% stimulation of Anet was responsible for increasing iWUE in both tree species throughout 79%–86% of the chronologies with reductions in gs attributable to the remaining 14%–21%, building upon a growing body of literature documenting stimulated Anet overwhelming reductions in gs as a primary mechanism of increasing iWUE of trees. Finally, our results underscore the importance of considering air pollution, which remains a major environmental issue in many areas of the world, alongside climate in the interpretation of leaf physiology derived from tree rings.
The humanistic and economic burden of problem joints for children and adults with moderate or severe haemophilia A: Analysis of the CHESS population studies
Authors: Chowdary Pratima , Nissen Francis , Burke Tom , Aizenas Martynas , Czirok Tünde , Dhillon Harpal , O'Hara Jamie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdequate prophylactic treatment and physical activity improve joint health and clinical outcomes for people with haemophilia A (HA). However, non‐clinical joint‐related burden of moderate (MHA) and severe (SHA) HA has not been well characterised.AimTo quantify the joint health‐related humanistic and economic burden of MHA and SHA in Europe.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the cross‐sectional CHESS population studies using a patient‐centric measure of joint health (problem joints, PJs: chronic joint pain and/or limited range of movement due to compromised joint integrity with or without persistent bleeding) was conducted. Descriptive statistics summarised health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity/activity impairment and costs by number of PJs (0, 1 or ≥2) and HA severity.ResultsA total of 1171 patients were included from CHESS‐II (n = 468) and CHESS‐PAEDs (n = 703). In both studies, 41 and 59% of patients had MHA and SHA, respectively. Prevalence of ≥2 PJs was similar with MHA and SHA (CHESS‐II: 23 and 26%; CHESS‐PAEDs: 4 and 3%, respectively). HRQoL was worse with an increasing number of PJs (CHESS‐II: .81 vs. .66 with 0 and ≥2 PJs, respectively, for MHA; .79 vs. .51 for SHA; CHESS‐PAEDs: .64 vs. .26 and .72 vs. .14). Total costs increased with increasing PJs regardless of severity in CHESS‐II (€2923 vs. €22,536 with 0 and ≥2 PJs, respectively, for MHA; €11,022 vs. €27,098 for SHA) and CHESS‐PAEDs (€6222 vs. €11,043 for MHA; €4457 vs. €14,039 for SHA).ConclusionPresence of PJs was associated with a substantial humanistic and economic burden on patients with MHA or SHA across the lifespan.
Assessment of Blood Loss Following Injury
Authors: Clarke Ruscoe , Fisher Mary R. 
Published: March 2023

this paper and the subsequent papers on “ The Illness of Trauma ” and “ Blood Volume Studies in Acute Injury ” are based on a programme of combined clinical and laboratory study which is the work of a team rather than of the individuals who have prepared particular papers. The team included members of the clinical staff of the Birmingham Accident Hospital and research staff of the Medical Research Council Industrial Injuries and Burns Research Unit. Dr. Fisher is in receipt of a grant from the Medical Research Council.Our thanks are due to the active co‐operation and continued interest and advice of Dr. J. P. Bull, Director of the Research Unit, to Dr. S. Sevitt and Dr. W. Weiner for their interest and co‐operation in helping to make available adequate supplies of suitable blood; to the surgeons and anaesthetists of the Birmingham Accident Hospital for allowing us to study their patients and use their observations; to Miss J. Frost for assistance in the laboratory; to Messrs. R. Gill and C. Richardson of the Hospital photographic department; to Miss D. MacGirr, Miss V. Clarke and others for secretarial assistance; to the Birmingham Regional Hospital Board for a grant for extra secretarial assistance for this purpose. We would like to thank Mr. W. Gissane, Clinical Director of the Birmingham Accident Hospital, for his active support and encouragement. In particular we would like to pay tribute to the nursing staff for their detailed assistance over a period of years, and especially to Miss M. Davies and Miss J. Needham. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the interest and often enthusiastic co‐operation of so many of our patients.Note: In this and the three succeeding papers Figure Numbers in heavy type refer to illustrations on the Plates.
LGBT‐Inclusive Education in Liberal Pluralist Societies
Authors: Easton Christina Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWhat should be the aim of LGBT‐inclusive, state‐mandated curricula in liberal, pluralist societies? In this article, I identify two distinct aims that such curricula might have. The first, LGBT Respect, aims to teach that LGBT individuals have equal political status and rights. The second, LGBT Approval, aims to teach a positive attitude towards LGBT relationships, including that there is nothing wrongful about these forms of relationship. I examine what arguments in favour of these different aims are available to the liberal concerned with accommodating pluralism. To capture this concern, I adopt political liberalism's strict standard for legitimate political interventions that these must have justifications that all reasonable citizens can accept. This initially seems to recommend curricula that aim at LGBT Respect but stop short of LGBT Approval. Can the political liberal go any further? I propose and critically discuss the most promising arguments in favour of LGBT Approval, including the need to prevent harm to children, ensure political equality, and secure the social conditions needed for the development of the primary good of self‐respect. I tentatively conclude that there exists a cumulative case for state‐mandated curricula aiming at LGBT Approval, at least in the contingent, nonideal circumstances that currently obtain.
Healthcare delivery research in older adults with cancer: A review of National Institutes of Health‐funded projects
Authors: Sun Virginia , Tuovinen Priyanga , Jacobsen Paul B. , Smith Ashley Wilder 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer is a disease of aging, and most people with cancer are older than 65. However, widespread uptake of evidence‐based approaches that facilitate quality care delivery for older adults with cancer are lacking. This project aimed to review National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants funded in the last decade that focused on healthcare delivery in aging and older adults with cancer, and to examine grant‐related characteristics, study designs, and scientific topics included.MethodsA search was conducted of all extramural NIH research grants awarded between fiscal year 2012 to 2021. We examined NIH terms; keyword searches of titles, abstracts, and specific aims were implemented to maximize search efficiency. Extraction criteria focused on grant‐related and study characteristics. A priori scientific topics for coding included geriatric assessment, care decision‐making, communication, care coordination, physical and psychosocial functioning/symptoms, and clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 48 funded grants met the inclusion criteria. A near‐equal split was observed between R03, R21, and R01 grants. Most grants did not include family caregivers or focus on end‐of‐life care. Most grants included multiple cancers and were conducted during active treatment and in hospital/clinic settings. Common scientific topics included geriatric assessment, care decision‐making, physical and psychosocial functioning/symptoms, communication, and care coordination. Few grants focused on cognitive functioning.ConclusionsSeveral gaps in the portfolio were identified, including family caregiver inclusion, end‐of‐life care, and studies focusing on cognitive functioning.
The possible forms of professionalism: credibility and the performance of queer sexualities among barristers in England and Wales
Authors: MASON MARC , VAUGHAN STEVEN , WEIL BENJAMIN 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article constitutes the first account of sexual minority barristers’ experience of and relation to professionalism at the Bar. Drawing on survey and interview data, it presents the Bar as a site of heteronormativity, where masculinist heterosexuality is pervasively assumed and publicly valorized. The ‘credible’ barrister – authoritative, respected, competent – is constructed as heterosexual. In this context, sexual minority barristers risk a loss of credibility in coming out or being out in the workplace. Our data presents mechanisms by which these individuals manage the public expression of their sexuality. Some – in contrast to heterosexual colleagues – deny entirely the professional relevance of their sexuality. Others adopt assimilationist strategies, curating a ‘credible’ public persona: out, but otherwise conforming to heteronormative expectations and values. While the data includes exceptions that give cause for hope, many sexual minority barristers experience professionalism as pressure to render their sexuality effectively invisible, at significant cost personally and professionally.
Clinical and immunological evaluation of peri‐implant tissues around ultra‐polished and conventionally‐polished zirconia abutments. A 1‐year follow‐up randomized clinical trial
Authors: Valantijiene Valda , Mazeikiene Asta , Alkimavicius Jonas , Linkeviciene Laura , Alkimaviciene Evelina , Linkevicius Tomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThis is a randomized clinical trial to compare the clinical and immunological performance of ultrasmooth versus conventionally‐smooth zirconia abutments placed subgingivally after a period of 1 year.Materials and methodsSixty‐two bone level platform‐switched implants (NobelParallel CC) were placed epicrestally in the mandibular molar or premolar region in 62 patients. After osseointegration, implants were restored with auto polymerizing acrylic resin crowns and subsequently randomly allocated to two groups according to the type of screw‐retained zirconia crown prescribed. The control group received custom zirconia restoration with the subgingival zirconia part conventionally polished, whereas the test group implants were restored with ultra‐polished zirconia abutments. Periodontal parameters (PD, PI, and BOP) and marginal bone level changes (MBLC) were recorded for each implant 2 months after insertion (T0), 1 month after final delivery of the crown (T2), and at the 1‐year follow‐up (T3). Immunological mediators from gingival crevicular fluid (IL‐1α, IL‐1ra, and TNF‐α) were inspected at 1 month after provisional (T1) and accordingly at T2 and T3. Data was analyzed statistically, and significance level was set to α = 0.05.ResultsAfter 1 year, there were no significant changes in PD control—2.18 ± 0.89 mm and test—2.5 ± 0.72 mm (p = 0.073). PD between T2 and T3 dropped significantly in the test group (p = 0.037) and remained stable in the control group. PI was not different in both groups at T0 (p = 0.518) and T2 (p = 0.817). At T3, the test group (0.9 ± 1.01) had a significantly lower PI than the control group (1.55 ± 1.23) (p = 0.035). There was no difference in BOP positive cases between groups after 1 year (control—61.3%, test—51.7%, and p = 0.455). The amount of IL‐1ra decreased significantly in the test group (41.75 ± 57.58) (p = 0.001) but not in the control group (59.59 ± 70.43) (p = 0.177). MBLC for the control and test groups after 1 year were 0.68 ± 0.7 and 0.94 ± 0.65 mm (p = 0.061).ConclusionsPD dynamics, PI, BOP, and IL‐1ra revealed better outcomes around ultra‐polished zirconia abutments than around conventionally polished zirconia abutments.
Auxiliary delivered school based oral health promotion among 12–14‐year‐old children from a low resource setting–A cluster randomized trial
Authors: Narayan Vivek , Thomas Susan , Gomez Mary shimi S. , Bhaskar Bindu V. , Rao Arun Krishna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis community intervention study compared the changes in oral health knowledge, attitude, practices (KAP), and oral health indicators among 12–14‐year‐old children who received a school based oral health promotion delivered by auxiliaries in a rural setting in India.MethodsThe interventions in this school based cluster randomized trial were delivered using schoolteachers and school health nurses. Oral health education (once in 3 months), weekly classroom based sodium fluoride mouth rinsing and biannual oral health screening/ referral were provided for 1 year. The control arm did not receive these interventions. Oral health indicators and self‐administered KAP questionnaire were evaluated at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. Oral health indicators included oral hygiene index simplified, DMFT/DMFS net caries increments, prevented fraction, number of sites with gingival bleeding, changes in care index, restorative index, treatment index, and dental attendance.ResultsThe improvement in total KAP score, oral hygiene, and gingival bleeding from baseline to follow up was higher in the intervention arm (p < 0.05). The prevented fraction for net caries increment were 23.33% and 20.51% for DMFT and DMFS, respectively. Students in the intervention group had a higher dental attendance (OR 2.92, p < 0.001). The change in treatment index, restorative index, and care index were significantly higher in the intervention arm (p < 0.001).ConclusionsInclusion of available primary care auxiliaries like school health nurses and teachers in oral health promotion is a novel, effective, and sustainable strategy to improve oral health indicators and utilization in rural areas in low resource settings.
Lewis Cliff 87223, an anomalous enstatite chondrite and the diversity of enstatite chondrites
Authors: Goss Kaitlyn R. , Gray Mabel L. , Weisberg Michael K. , Ebel Denton S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe studied a thin section of Lewis Cliff (LEW) 87223, an unusual EL3‐related, enstatite chondrite (EC) that has primary and secondary features not observed in other ECs. We studied its metal‐rich nodules, possible shock features, and chondrules, eight of which are Al‐rich chondrules (ARCs). LEW 87223 has petrologic and compositional features similar to EL3s. Enstatite is the dominant mineral; chondrule boundaries are well defined; Si content of metal (0.5–0.6 wt%) is consistent with typical EL3; it has Cr‐bearing troilite, oldhamite, and alabandite; and its O‐isotopic composition is similar to other ECs. However, metal abundance in LEW 87223 (~13 vol%) is slightly higher than in other EL3s and its metal nodules are texturally and mineralogically different from other ECs. Both high and low Ni metals are present, and its alabandite has higher Fe (27.8 wt% Fe) than in other EL3s. Silicates appear darkened in plane polarized light, largely due to reduction of Fe from silicate. A remarkable feature of LEW 87223 is the high abundance of ARCs, which contain Ca‐rich plagioclase and varying amounts of Na‐rich plagioclase along chondrule edges and as veins. This suggests Na metasomatism and the possibility of hydrothermal fluids, potentially related to an impact event. LEW 87223 expands the range of known EC material. It shows that ECs are more diverse and record a wider range of parent body processes than previously known. LEW 87223 is an anomalous EL3, potentially the first member of a new EC group should similar samples be discovered.
Epicardial implantation of a lumenless active fixation lead in a neonate
Authors: Zhang Jianghua , Dong Zhenyu , Ma Songfeng , Abdukadir Ablat , Tang Baopeng , Xu Yuanning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe present a case of epicardial pacemaker implantation in a low birth weight newborn using a lumenless active fixation lead.ResultsWe found that superior pacing parameters can be obtained by implanting a lumenless active fixation lead into the epicardium, but more evidence is needed to support this hypothesis.
Terrorism and inbound tourism in Egypt: Economy‐wide and distributional impacts
Authors: Elshennawy Abeer , Siddig Khalid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFollowing the January 2011 Revolution, Egypt experienced increasing political instability and has also been the target of intense terrorist attacks. While substantial efforts continue to be exerted by the current regime to put an end to these attacks, it is not clear whether the country's reputation as a safe tourist destination will be restored in the medium run. This paper assesses the extent of the Egyptian economy's vulnerability to a prolonged tourism shock using an economy‐wide framework. The simulation results reveal that a shock to tourism has a significant impact on the Egyptian economy, as a rebound of inbound tourism substantially increases both GDP and welfare. Consequently, it pays for the government to put measures in place to moderate the effect of negative shocks to inbound tourism. A subsidy to health tourism was found to boost both economic growth and welfare.
The impact of the US–China trade war on domestic and multinational companies in China
Authors: Lee Joonhyung , Nguyen Duy Vu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis short paper investigates whether the US–China trade war has a different impact on domestic and multinational companies in China. Using the Orbis database with the coverage of ownership structure, we can identify Chinese multinational companies that own foreign subsidiaries with at least 51% stake. Then, using a panel dataset of Chinese companies from 2011 to 2019, we compare revenues of multinational and domestic companies before and after the trade war. We have found that multinational companies have about 8% higher in revenue after the trade war than domestic ones. These findings are consistent with the recent literature on the real hedging channel that operation flexibility reduces the impacts of tariff shocks.
Use of selective phenotyping and genotyping to identify rare blood donors in Canada
Authors: Tordon Bryan , Montemayor Celina , Clarke Gwen , O'Brien Sheila F. , Goldman Mindy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe distribution of rare and specific red cell phenotypes varies between races and ethnicities. Therefore, the most compatible red cell units for patients with haemoglobinopathies and other rare blood requirements are most likely to be found in donors from similar genetic backgrounds. Our blood service introduced a voluntary question asking donors to provide their racial background/ethnicity. Results triggered additional phenotyping and/or genotyping.Materials and MethodsWe analysed the results of additional testing performed between January 2021 and June 2022, and rare donors were added to the Rare Blood Donor database. We determined the incidence of various rare phenotypes and blood group alleles based on donor race/ethnicity.ResultsOver 95% of donors answered the voluntary question; 715 samples were tested, and 25 donors were added to the Rare Blood Donor database, including five k−, four U−, two Jk(a−b−) and two D− − phenotypes.ConclusionAsking donors about their race/ethnicity was well received by donors, and the resulting selective testing enabled us to identify individuals with a higher likelihood of being rare blood donors, support patients with rare blood requirements and better understand the incidence of common and rare alleles and red blood cell phenotypes in the Canadian donor population.