bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How I overcame problems in in vitro fertilisation of livestock animals
Authors: Nagai Takashi 
Published: September 2023

In my research life of 35 years, growing with IETS as a researcher of in vitro maturation and fertilisation (IVM/IVF) of porcine and cattle oocytes, I suffered from hard times related to solving problems that prevented the progress of my research and conferment of my degrees. Many researchers may have similar problems. Thus, I would like to address a few examples of how I overcame these problems related to IVF and help young researchers with similar troubles. There were four main problems to be solved in my experiments. Problem 1: Establishment of IVF using only defined medium in pigs. Problem 2: Establishment of successful in vitro culture (IVC) of IVM/IVF bovine oocytes in defined medium. Problem 3: Low rate of male pronucleus formation in IVM porcine oocytes after IVF. Problem 4: Sedimentation of Ca2+ in the sperm capacitation solution for IVF in pigs. Problem 1 was solved by a lucky accident, in which a sperm suspension that would have otherwise been discarded happened to be successfully used for IVF in pigs. Problems 2, 3 and 4 were solved by communication with scientists whose fields were different from mine, where similar problems had been solved already. Young researchers are encouraged to transcend the boundaries of their research fields and solve problems by interacting with researchers in different fields. There are many good connections or answers around us that may be effective in resolving the problems that are hindering the progress of pending research.
Multimodal variational autoencoder for inverse problems in geophysics: application to a 1-D magnetotelluric problem
Authors: Rodriguez Oscar , Taylor Jamie M , Pardo David 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
Estimating subsurface properties from geophysical measurements is a common inverse problem. Several Bayesian methods currently aim to find the solution to a geophysical inverse problem and quantify its uncertainty. However, most geophysical applications exhibit more than one plausible solution. Here, we propose a multimodal variational autoencoder model that employs a mixture of truncated Gaussian densities to provide multiple solutions, along with their probability of occurrence and a quantification of their uncertainty. This autoencoder is assembled with an encoder and a decoder, where the first one provides a mixture of truncated Gaussian densities from a neural network, and the second is the numerical solution of the forward problem given by the geophysical approach. The proposed method is illustrated with a 1-D magnetotelluric inverse problem and recovers multiple plausible solutions with different uncertainty quantification maps and probabilities that are in agreement with known physical observations.
A multizone view on the multiwavelength emission of blazars
Authors: Liu Ruo-Yu , Xue Rui , Wang Ze-Rui , Tan Hong-Bin , Böttcher Markus 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, a time-dependent modelling is developed to study the emission properties of blazars in the low state. Motivated by various observations, we speculate and assume that numerous discrete radiation zones throughout the jet of a blazar contribute to the broad-band emission. We model the temporal evolution of the electron spectrum in each emission zone taking into account the injection, cooling, and escape of relativistic electrons. By doing so, we are able to calculate the multiwavelength emission of each radiation zone. The observed emission of a blazar is then the superposition of the emission from all discrete radiation zones. We revisit the multiwavelength spectral energy distributions, light curves, and polarization under the model, and discuss its potential to reproduce the flat radio spectra, the core-shift phenomena, the minute-scale gamma-ray variability, and the large polarization-angle swings, which are difficult to explain under the conventional one-zone models simultaneously.
Renalase regulates renal tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy via the p38MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Li , Zang Chong‐sen , Chen Bin , Wang Yu , Xue Shuai , Wu Mei‐yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease globally. Renal tubular damage occurs to varying degrees in the early stages of DN prior to glomerular damage. Renalase (RNLS) is an amine oxidase, which is produced and secreted by the renal tubular epithelial cells. RNLS is reportedly closely related to renal tubular injury in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the changes in tubular RNLS expression in DN and its correlation with DN‐associated renal tubular injury. Conditional permanent renal tubular epithelial rat‐cell line NRK‐52E was transfected with pcDNA3‐RNLS plasmid or administered recombinant rat RNLS protein and high glucose (HG) dose. A total of 22 adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control (CON, n = 10) or diabetic nephrology (DN, n = 12) group. Random blood glucose levels of the rats were measured by sampling of the caudal vein weekly. After 8 weeks, the rat's body weight, 24‐h urinary albumin concentration, and right kidney were evaluated. Our study suggested the decreased expression levels of RNLS in renal tissue and renal tubular epithelial cells in DN rats, accompanied by renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, and activation of the p38MAPK signal pathway. Reversing the low RNLS expression can reduce the level of p38MAPK phosphorylation and delay renal tubular injury. Thus, the reduction of renal tubular RNLS expression in DN mediates tubulointerstitial fibrosis and cell apoptosis via the activation of the p38MAPK signal pathway. RNLS plays a key mediating role in DN‐associated tubular injury via p38MAPK, which provides new therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for early prevention and treatment of DN.
Low-flow oxygen delivery using a nasal cannula for apnoeic oxygenation in children undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia
Authors: Ray Sohini , Bhalotra Anju R. , Arya Mona , Sharma Kavita R. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND
Children have a smaller functional residual capacity and higher rate of oxygen consumption making them prone to develop hypoxaemia during a period of apnoea. The effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in preventing oxygen desaturation during laryngoscopy and intubation in small children has not been well studied.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation using a nasal cannula in preventing oxygen desaturation during laryngoscopy and intubation in children.

DESIGN
Prospective randomised double-blind controlled trial.

SETTING
Tertiary care teaching hospital between January 2020 and September 2021.

PATIENTS
One hundred and twenty children of 1 to 6 years age undergoing elective surgery requiring general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation.

INTERVENTION
Patients were randomly allocated to receive 3 l min−1 oxygen by nasal cannula (apnoeic oxygenation group) or no oxygen (control group). Laryngoscopy and intubation was undertaken by a trainee anaesthesiologist.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the lowest value of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during laryngoscopy and intubation. Secondary outcomes were the number of children whose SpO2 dropped to 95%, from 92% to < 95%, and below 92% and the incidence of bradycardia.

RESULTS
The mean ± SD of lowest SpO2 values was 99.95 ± 0.29% in the apnoeic oxygenation group and 98.37 ± 4.60% in the control group (P
= 0.009). No fall of SpO2 occurred in any patient in the apnoeic oxygenation group in spite of a longer apnoea time (P = 0.012). In the control group, 43 patients had no fall in SpO2 (P < 0.001), in 12 patients there was a fall in SpO2 to 95% (P
= 0.004), in one patient SpO2 fell to 92 to <95% (P
= 0.315) and in four patients SpO2 fell below 92% (P
= 0.038). There was no incidence of bradycardia.

CONCLUSION
Apnoeic oxygenation using a nasal cannula was effective in preventing oxygen desaturation during laryngoscopy and intubation in children as compared with those who did not receive apnoeic oxygenation.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trials Registry of India: CTRI/2020/01/022724 (www.ctri.nic.in).
Interaction of Surface Type, Temperature, and Week of Season on Concussion Risk in the National Football League: A Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Smoliga James M. , Deshpande Sameer K. , Binney Zachary O. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Artificial turf fields and environmental conditions may influence sports concussion risk, but existing research is limited by uncontrolled confounding factors, limited sample size, and the assumption that risk factors are independent of one another. The purpose of this study was to examine how playing surface, time of season, and game temperature relate to diagnosed concussion risk in the National Football League (NFL).

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study examined data from the 2012 to the 2019 NFL regular season. We fit Bayesian negative binomial regression models to relate how playing surface, game temperature, and week of the season independently related to diagnosed concussion risk and any interactions among these factors.

Results:
We identified 1096 diagnosed concussions in 1830 games. There was a >99% probability that concussion risk was reduced on grass surface (median incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.78 [95% credible interval: 0.68, 0.89]), >99% probability that concussion risk was lower at higher temperatures (IRR = 0.85 [0.76,0.95] for each 7.9 °C), and >91% probability that concussion risk increased with each week of the season (IRR = 1.02 [1.00,1.04]). There was an >84% probability for a surface × temperature interaction (IRR = 1.01 [0.96, 1.28]) and >75% probability for a surface × week interaction (IRR = 1.02 [0.99, 1.05]).

Conclusions:
Diagnosed concussion risk is increased on artificial turf compared with natural grass, and this is exacerbated in cold weather and, independently, later in the season. The complex interplay between these factors necessitates accounting for multiple factors and their interactions when investigating sports injury risk factors and devising mitigation methods.
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 mediates pain hypersensitivity associated with high-fat diet consumption in mice
Authors: Negm Ahmed , Stobbe Katharina , Ben Fradj Selma , Sanchez Clara , Landra-Willm Arnaud , Richter Margaux , Fleuriot Lucile , Debayle Delphine , Deval Emmanuel , Lingueglia Eric , Rovere Carole , Noel Jacques 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lipid-rich diet is the major cause of obesity, affecting 13% of the worldwide adult population. Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome that includes hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. The early phases of metabolic syndrome are often associated with hyperexcitability of peripheral small diameter sensory fibers and painful diabetic neuropathy. Here, we investigated the effect of high-fat diet-induced obesity on the activity of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and pain perception. We deciphered the underlying cellular mechanisms involving the acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3). We show that mice made obese through consuming high-fat diet developed the metabolic syndrome and prediabetes that was associated with heat pain hypersensitivity, whereas mechanical sensitivity was not affected. Concurrently, the slow conducting C fibers in the skin of obese mice showed increased activity on heating, whereas their mechanosensitivity was not altered. Although ASIC3 knockout mice fed with high-fat diet became obese, and showed signs of metabolic syndrome and prediabetes, genetic deletion, and in vivo pharmacological inhibition of ASIC3, protected mice from obesity-induced thermal hypersensitivity. We then deciphered the mechanisms involved in the heat hypersensitivity of mice and found that serum from high-fat diet-fed mice was enriched in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC16:0, LPC18:0, and LPC18:1). These enriched lipid species directly increased the activity of DRG neurons through activating the lipid sensitive ASIC3 channel. Our results identify ASIC3 channel in DRG neurons and circulating lipid species as a mechanism contributing to the hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons that can cause pain associated with lipid-rich diet consumption and obesity.
Can Serum Chitotriosidase Levels, Immune, and Oxidative Stress Parameters Be Early Diagnostic Indicators in Patients With Silicosis?
Authors: Ergün Recai , Ergün Dilek , Özkan Esin , Kurt Ozlem Kar , Bacanli Merve , Körez Muslu Kazim 
Published: September 2023

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the enzyme activity of chitotriosidase as a biomarker in early diagnosis silicosis and to investigate immune system response and oxidative stress caused by silica exposure.

Materials and Methods
Silicosis patients (n = 116), exposed to silica without disease (n = 76), and healthy individuals (n = 55) were included. Serum levels of chitotriosidase, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidant-antioxidant, and immune parameters were measured.

Results
Serum chitotriosidase enzyme levels in the silicosis group were statistically significantly higher than the exposure and control groups. Inflammatory biomarkers and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the silicosis and exposure group compared with the controls, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower.

Conclusions
Increased serum chitotriosidase level emerged as a biomarker that can not only distinguish silicosis from exposure and healthy controls but also indicate early pulmonary effects of silica.
Progress in the field of hematopoietic stem cell-based therapies for inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Arnold Danielle E. , Pai Sung-Yun 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Hematopoietic stem cell-based therapies, including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and autologous gene therapy (GT), have been used as curative therapy for many inborn errors of immunity (IEI). As the number of genetically defined IEI and the use of HCT and GT increase, valuable data on outcomes and approaches for specific disorders are available. We review recent progress in HCT and GT for IEI in this article.

Recent findings
Novel approaches to prevention of allogeneic complications and experience in adolescents and young adults have expanded the use of HCT. Universal newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has led to improved outcome after HCT. Analysis of outcomes of HCT and GT for SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) reveal risk factors for survival, the impact of specific conditioning regimens, and vector- or disease-specific impacts on efficacy and safety. Preclinical studies of GT and gene editing show potential for translation to the clinic.

Summary
Emerging data on outcome after HCT for specific IEI support early evaluation and treatment, before development of co-morbidities. Data in large cooperative retrospective databases continues to yield valuable insights clinicians can use in patient selection and choice of therapy.
Time Perspective, Dietary Behavior, and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jin Pina , Wang Xiaojing , Li Aihua , Dong Huan , Ji Meihua 
Published: September 2023

Background
Dietary behavior is a key component in the self-management of patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as it is essential for glycemic control and preventing diabetic complications. However, it is challenging for patients with diabetes to make sustainable dietary behavior changes and achieve long-term optimal glycemic control.

Objectives
Dietary behavior changes involve present efforts to achieve future benefits. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among time perspective, dietary behaviors, and health outcomes in patients with T2DM. Based on the temporal self-regulation theory and previous research, the secondary aim of the study was to explore how time perspective influences dietary behaviors.

Methods
Following convenient sampling (N = 329), a cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with T2DM between November 2021 and October 2022. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires and the retrieval of clinical information from medical records. Hierarchical regression and path analysis were used to explore the relationships among study variables.

Results
Our analyses showed that a future-oriented time perspective was associated with better dietary behavior but was not significantly related to hemoglobin A1c. Hierarchical regression analysis also demonstrated that having a more future-oriented time perspective was associated with healthier dietary behavior after controlling covariates. Based on the theory and path analysis, there was an indirect effect of future time perspective on dietary behavior through self-control capacity and intention.

Discussion
The study reveals that a future-oriented time perspective can promote healthier dietary behavior when providing care for patients with T2DM. As a theoretical framework, the temporal self-regulation theory offers references for researchers and clinicians to take into consideration patients’ time perspectives and their intentions and self-control capacity when developing interventional programs to improve dietary behaviors.
Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor Expression and Cancer Antigen 125 Level as Preoperative Predictors to Estimate Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Wang Shao-Chi , Wu Chen-Hsuan , Fu Hung-Chun , Ou Yu-Che , Tsai Ching-Chou , Chen Ying-Yi , Wang Ying-Wen , Hunag Szu-Wei , Huang Szu-Yu , Lan Jui , Lin Hao 
Published: September 2023

Loss of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) in endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes. Elevated pretreatment cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) level is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM). We evaluated whether the combination of ER/PR expression and CA 125 level could be used as a biomarker to predict LNM. We retrospectively investigated patients with endometrioid EC who underwent complete staging surgery during January 2015 to December 2020. We analyzed ER/PR status using immunohistochemical staining, and quantified its expression using the sum of both ER/PR H-scores. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify optimal cutoff values of H-score and CA 125 levels for predicting LNM. A nomogram for predicting LNM was constructed and validated by bootstrap resampling. In 396 patients, the optimal cutoff values of the ER/PR H-score and CA 125 were 407 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.645, P=0.001) and 40 U/mL (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.762, P<0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that CA 125 ≥40 UmL (odds ratio: 10.02; 95% CI: 4.74–21.18) and ER/PR H-score <407 (odds ratio: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.55–11.32) were independent predictors. An LNM predictive nomogram was constructed using these 2 variables and our model yielded a negative predictive value and negative likelihood ratio of 98.3% and 0.14, respectively. ER/PR expression with pretreatment CA 125 levels can help estimate LNM risk and aid in decision-making regarding the need for lymphadenectomy in patients with endometrioid EC.
Physical Expansion Preconditioning Promotes Host-Derived Adipocyte Dedifferentiation and Migration into Fat Grafts in a Murine Model
Authors: He Yufei , Liang Zhuokai , Tang Haojing , Li Jian , Ma Jingjing , Shi Jiaolong , Cai Junrong , Liao Yunjun 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The unstable recipient conditions after fat grafting remain an obstacle for tissue volumization. The interaction between fat grafts and recipient sites is not fully understood. The authors hypothesize that recipient-derived adipocytes undergo dedifferentiation and migrate into fat grafts in tissue regeneration.

Methods:
To observe the participation from recipient fat pad, the authors established a recipient adipocyte-tracing model where 0.2 mL of inguinal fat from 10 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice was grafted to 10 tamoxifen-treated AdipoqCre;mT/mG mice. Next, to evaluate the impact of physical force on recipient fat and fat graft, a murine internal expansion model was established by implanting a 1-mL internal expander on the inguinal fat pad of the lineage tracing mice that received fat graft from C57BL/6 mice. Transplanted adipose tissue was collected and analyzed by immunostaining of green fluorescent protein (GFP), tdTomato, perilipin, and CD31.

Results:
In the observing model, immunostaining revealed that both GFP+ and tdTomato+ cells from the recipient fat pad presented in fat grafts. Among the GFP+ cells, most of them were perilipin+ adipocytes and other perilipin− cells co-expressed octamer-binding transcription factor 4, indicating dedifferentiated adipocytes. In the internal expansion model, internal expansion increased GFP+ cells in fat graft. Both octamer-binding transcription factor 4–positive/GFP+ (0.23 ± 0.01 versus 0.12 ± 0.04) and perilipin+/GFP+ (0.17 ± 0.02 versus 0.06 ± 0.01) cells were increased in the expanded group, compared with control.

Conclusions:
Host-derived adipocytes participate in fat graft regeneration through migration and dedifferentiation, which could be enhanced by internal expansion to increase fat graft retention rate. Further study using a larger animal model is needed, because this is a murine study.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
Surgeons are encouraged to use physical expansion preconditioning of the recipient site. Subsequent and multiple fat grafting into the fat layer is encouraged to obtain satisfactory soft-tissue volumization.
Using antibiotics wisely
Authors: Jung Jae , Cozzi Francesca , Forrest Graeme N. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
This review will describe role of shorter antibiotic therapies, early switch from intravenous to oral therapy, and artificial intelligence in infectious diseases.

Recent findings
There is evidence that shorter courses of antibiotics are noninferior to standard durations of therapy. This has been demonstrated with Enterobacterales bacteremia that can be treated with 7 days of therapy, community acquired pneumonia with 3 days and ventilator associated pneumonia with just 7 days of antibiotic therapy. The conversion from intravenous to oral therapy in treating bacteremia, endocarditis and bone and joint infections is safe and effective and reduces line complications and costs. Also, for clean surgical procedures only one dose of antibiotic is needed, but it should be the most effective antibiotic which is cefazolin. This means avoiding clindamycin, removing penicillin allergies where possible for improved outcomes. Finally, the role of artificial intelligence to incorporate into using antibiotics wisely is rapidly emerging but is still in early stages.

Summary
In using antibiotics wisely, targeting such as durations of therapy and conversion from intravenous antibiotic therapy to oral are low hanging fruit. The future of artificial intelligence could automate a lot of this work and is exciting but needs to be proven.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COID/A50