bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep and Frozen: High‐Mountain Lakes as Sentinels of Regional Limnology and Global Environmental Changes
Authors: Lone Aasif Mohmad , Balakrishna Keshava 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐mountain lakes possess tremendous ecological significance and contribute to the well‐being of local mountain population and those living in adjacent lowland areas. Over the years, the structure and function of these ecosystems have experienced significant variations particularly due to the synergistic effects of climate stressors and human perturbations as well as reformed water consumption patterns. However, research on hydrology of mountain lakes remains focused on particular regions and related scientific perspectives on lake ecological shifts are still insufficient. Furthermore, the lack of strong nexus between scientists, stakeholders, and local community also promotes data gaps in mountain paleolimnology. Hence, it should be recognized that investigating the nexus between different stakeholders and global climate shifts as well as investigating the anthropogenic forcing factors in high‐mountain lakes is fundamental for future hydrological studies. New proxy‐based assessments and continuous, high‐frequency limnological measurements will help improve spatiotemporal resolution and address existing data gaps in high‐mountain limnology and paleolimnology.
A partial differential equation characterization of anisotropic Hardy spaces
Authors: Bownik Marcin , Wang Li‐An Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe obtain a differential characterization for the anisotropic Hardy space by identifying it with a parabolic Hardy space associated with a general continuous group. This allows to be defined using a parabolic differential equation of Calderón and Torchinsky. We also provide a classification of dilations corresponding to equivalent anisotropic Hardy spaces with respect to linear transformations.
Purely coclosed G2‐structures on nilmanifolds
Authors: Bazzoni Giovanni , Garvín Antonio , Muñoz Vicente 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe classify seven‐dimensional nilpotent Lie groups, decomposable or of nilpotency step at most 4, endowed with left‐invariant purely coclosed G2‐structures. This is done by going through the list of all seven‐dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras given by Gong, providing an example of a left‐invariant 3‐form φ which is a pure coclosed G2‐structure (i.e., it satisfies , ) for those nilpotent Lie algebras that admit them; and by showing the impossibility of having a purely coclosed G2‐structure for the rest of them.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Long Hard‐Sphere Polymer Chains in Two to Five Dimensions
Authors: Schnabel Stefan , Janke Wolfhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSimulations are performed for long hard‐sphere polymer chains using a recently developed binary‐tree based Monte Carlo method. Systems in two to five dimensions with free and periodic boundary conditions and up to 107 repeat units are considered. The analysis is focused on scaling properties of the end‐to‐end distance and the entropy and their dependence on the sphere diameter. To this end new methods for measuring entropy and its derivatives are introduced. By determining the Flory exponent ν and the weakly universal amplitude ratio of end‐to‐end distance to radius of gyration we find that the system generally reproduces the behavior of self‐avoiding lattice walks in strong support of universality.
Investigation and assessment of epoxy resin adhesives using Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry
Authors: Şengül B. , Tüzün F. N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpoxy resin adhesives are very attractive for many industries, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries because they eliminate heavy connection elements, such as bolts and screws, and reduce the total weight. This study assesses developed epoxy resin adhesives using Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry. The curing reaction between Epikote 828 epoxy resin and Epikure polyamidoamine curing agent 3090, and the chemical structure of the additives (CAB‐O‐SIL TS‐720) used for rheology control and six different types of fillers (calcite with particle diameters of 700 nm, 5 μm, and 10 μm, coated calcite with a particle diameter of 900 nm, and barite and calcite with a particle diameter of 5 μm) employed in the adhesives are investigated. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry results of the epoxy resin and curing agent demonstrate that 83.5 % epoxy conversion is achieved at a temperature of 25 °C. The chemical composition of the additives with six different types of fillers and 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % additions of CAB‐O‐SIL TS‐720 prepared in both nujol mull and potassium bromide discs is characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry. The potassium bromide discs yield higher intensities owing to good packing of cubic particles of potassium bromide with nano particle size CAB‐O‐SIL TS‐720 and all filler types.
Alkaline corrosion resistance of slag‐free self‐shielded titanium‐added metal‐cored welding overlay
Authors: Liu D. S. , Long W. M. , Wu Y. C. , Wei P. , Song K. J. , Li X. F. , Wang R. , Zhou W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe corrosion resistance of slag‐free self‐shielded metal‐cord welding overlay with different ferrotitanium additions in alkaline solution (pH=14) was investigated. The results show that the self‐corrosion potential Ecorr is the highest and the self‐corrosion current density Icorr is the minimum when the addition of ferrotitanium is 6 wt. %. titanium carbide corrodes before other carbides in alkaline solution due to the absence of iron. A ferrotitanium addition of 6 wt. % can provide the best corrosion resistance to the fabricated welding overlays, as an increased ferrotitanium addition will result in a decrease in chromium carbide and an increase in titanium carbide, of which titanium carbide is the most prone to corrosion, followed by chromium carbide, and finally the austenitic matrix.
Tribological performance of ceramic composites for biomedical applications: A review
Authors: Shekhawat D. , Mishra S. , Singh A. , Patnaik T. K. , Patnaik A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the wear mechanisms of a material subjected to varying loading conditions in various applications is a key to improve the overall performance of the material. Ceramic based composites when implemented as a bearing material under adverse loading conditions, performed very well but despite this clinical success, wear of these articulating surfaces continues to be one of the leading critical issues which need attention as this will influence the ultimate performance of the implant. Before any material can be used in joint arthroplasty, it is imperative to assess parameters that influence the wear performance of implant material as safety and efficacy are the main challenges. This review focuses and brings forth important aspects related to the wear performance of the ceramic‐based nanocomposites employed in joint bearings. This review presents a summary of wear rate data associated to bioceramic composite on the basis of past to recent published literature.
Optimization of dry sliding wear behaviour of industrial wastes reinforced aluminium based metal matrix composites
Authors: Muthu P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMarble dust and basalt powder are industrial waste generated during the machining of marble stone and basalt rock. This paper presents an approach for the optimization of dry sliding wear parameters of aluminium 7075 reinforced with marble dust and basalt powder hybrid metal matrix composite using Taguchi based grey relational analysis. In this work, the composite is fabricated by stir casting technique and the wear parameters namely load, sliding velocity and sliding distance are optimized with consideration of multi responses such as wear rate and coefficient of friction. Experiments are conducted as per Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. A grey relational analysis is carried out and grey relational grade is obtained. Based on the grey relational grade, optimum level of wear parameters has been identified by analysis of variance. The test results are validated by conducting the confirmation test. Experimental results have shown that the sliding velocity is the most effective factor among the control parameters on dry sliding wear, followed by the sliding distance and load. Finally, the micro structural investigations on the worn surfaces are performed by scanning electron microscope.
On ascertaining hardness‐microstructure relationship in annealed steel for varying carbon content
Authors: Maity J. , Rahman S. A. , Alam S. , Singh K. K. , Kumar P. , Hembram S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlain carbon steels of five different carbon contents up to eutectoid composition have been provided with the conventional full annealing treatment. Qualitative and quantitative studies of the microstructure are carried out using optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. Even under similar cooling rate pertaining to the full annealing treatment (furnace cooling); microstructural modifications of individual microconstituents are feasible with varying chemistry (carbon content) of plain carbon steel. The refinement of microstructure for both proeutectoid α‐ferrite and pearlite is found to be accentuated with increasing carbon content of annealed steels till eutectoid composition. Hall‐Petch type relationship explains adequately the relationship between hardness and the size of the microconstituent both in terms of the grain size of proeutectoid α‐ferrite and the interlamellar spacing of pearlite. Henceforth an empirical relationship is developed for the first time taking into account the rule of mixture to correlate overall hardness, carbon content, grain size of proeutectoid α‐ferrite and interlamellar spacing of pearlite. The empirical relationship originated thereby is found to closely match the experimental results.
Performance and application study of silane coupling agent (KH550) modified wood fiber‐fly ash cenosphere/epoxy resin composites
Authors: Wu Z. , Wang Q. N. , Zhao S. , Zhang Y. , Yang C. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the epoxy resin composite filled with wood fiber and fly ash cenosphere was prepared. In order to improve the bonding properties between wooden fiber/fly ash cenosphere and epoxy resin, the grafting treatment of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere surfaces was carried out here using KH550 type silane coupling agent. The effects of different process parameters on the surface modification effect of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated, the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of the materials before and after the filler modification were tested, and the microscopic interfacial structures of the matrix with wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, based on LS‐DYNA simulation software, the energy‐absorbing performance of energy‐absorbing boxes prepared from AA6061 aluminum alloy and modified wooden fiber‐fly ash cenosphere/epoxy resin composites were compared in low‐velocity collisions.
10 Years Follow‐Up of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Caudal Zona Incerta/Posterior Subthalamic Area for Essential Tremor
Authors: Blomstedt Yulia , Stenmark Persson Rasmus , Awad Amar , Hariz Gun‐Marie , Philipson Johanna , Hariz Marwan , Fytagoridis Anders , Blomstedt Patric 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundLong‐term data on the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor (ET) is scarce, especially regarding DBS in the caudal Zona incerta (cZi) and the posterior subthalamic area (PSA).ObjectivesThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of cZi/PSA DBS in ET at 10 years after surgery.MethodsThirty‐four patients were included. All patients received cZi/PSA DBS (5 bilateral/29 unilateral) and were evaluated at regular intervals using the essential tremor rating scale (ETRS).ResultsOne year after surgery, there was a 66.4% improvement of total ETRS and 70.7% improvement of tremor (items 1–9) compared with the preoperative baseline. Ten years after surgery, 14 patients had died and 3 were lost to follow‐up. In the remaining 17 patients, a significant improvement was maintained (50.8% for total ETRS and 55.8% for tremor items). On the treated side the scores of hand function (items 11–14) had improved by 82.6% at 1 year after surgery, and by 66.1% after 10 years. Since off‐stimulation scores did not differ between year 1 and 10, this 20% deterioration of on‐DBS scores was interpreted as a habituation. There was no significant increase in stimulation parameters beyond the first year.ConclusionsThis 10 year follow up study, found cZi/PSA DBS for ET to be a safe procedure with a mostly retained effect on tremor, compared to 1 year after surgery, and in the absence of increase in stimulation parameters. The modest deterioration of effect of DBS on tremor was interpreted as habituation.
Probiotic Fermentation of Kelp Enzymatic Hydrolysate Promoted its Anti‐Aging Activity in D‐Galactose‐Induced Aging Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota
Authors: Xiong Wenyu , Jiang Xiaoqin , He Junqiang , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhu Yuxian , Liu Bin , Huang Ying 
Published: March 2023

ScopeTo investigate anti‐aging effects of probiotic‐fermented kelp enzymatic hydrolysate culture (KMF), probiotic‐fermented kelp enzymatic hydrolysate supernatant (KMFS), and probiotic‐fermented kelp enzymatic hydrolysate bacteria suspension (KMFP) in D‐galactose‐induced aging mice.Methods and resultsThe study uses a probiotic‐mixture of Lactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus strains for kelp fermentation. KMF, KMFS, and KMFP prevent D‐galactose‐induced elevation of malondialdehyde levels in serum and brain tissue of aging mice, and they increase superoxide dismutase and catalase levels and total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, they improve the cell structure of mouse brain, liver, and intestinal tissue. Compared with the model control group, the KMF, KMFS, and KMFP treatments regulate mRNA and protein levels of genes associated with aging, the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the three treatment groups are more than 1.4‐, 1.3‐, and 1.2‐fold increased, respectively. Furthermore, the treatments affect the gut microbiota community structures.ConclusionsThese results suggest that KMF, KMFS, and KMFP can modulate gut microbiota imbalances and positively affect aging‐related genes to achieve anti‐aging effects.
Technical note: Intensity‐based quality assurance criteria for deformable image registration in image‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Bosma Lando S. , Zachiu Cornel , Denis de Senneville Baudouin , Raaymakers Bas W. , Ries Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeformable image registration is increasingly used in radiotherapy to adapt the treatment plan and accumulate the delivered dose. Consequently, clinical workflows using deformable image registration require quick and reliable quality assurance to accept registrations. Additionally, for online adaptive radiotherapy, quality assurance without the need for an operator to delineate contours while the patient is on the treatment table is needed. Established quality assurance criteria such as the Dice similarity coefficient or Hausdorff distance lack these qualities and also display a limited sensitivity to registration errors beyond soft tissue boundaries.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the existing intensity‐based quality assurance criteria structural similarity and normalized mutual information for their ability to quickly and reliably identify registration errors for (online) adaptive radiotherapy and compare them to contour‐based quality assurance criteria.MethodsAll criteria were tested using synthetic and simulated biomechanical deformations of 3D MR images as well as manually annotated 4D CT data. The quality assurance criteria were scored for classification performance, for their ability to predict the registration error, and for their spatial information.ResultsWe found that besides being fast and operator‐independent, the intensity‐based criteria have the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and provide the best input for models to predict the registration error on all data sets. Structural similarity furthermore provides spatial information with a higher gamma pass rate of the predicted registration error than commonly used spatial quality assurance criteria.ConclusionsIntensity‐based quality assurance criteria can provide the required confidence in decisions about using mono‐modal registrations in clinical workflows. They thereby enable automated quality assurance for deformable image registration in adaptive radiotherapy treatments.
Degradable, biocompatible, and antibacterial polygalacturonic acid/polyethyleneimine polyplex particles
Authors: Suner Selin Sagbas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnionic polygalacturonic acid (PGA), a prebiotic for healthy microbiota, and cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI), a strong antimicrobial polymer against harmful infections, were ionically crosslinked to prepare biocompatible and antibacterial polygalacturonic acid/polyethyleneimine (PGA/PEI) polyplex particles. The PGA/PEI particles were spherical in shape and had a wrinkled surface with a micron size range of particles from 9 to 0.6 μm. The PGA/PEI polyplex particle was degradable under more acidic and basic conditions but was highly stable between pH 3 and 7. The prepared PGA/PEI polyplex particles are found compatible for intravenous applications with hemolysis rate of less than 1% and almost 100% blood clotting index values up to 1 mg/mL concentration. Similarly, no significant toxicity was found on L929 fibroblast cells for 24 h incubation time in the presence of 1 mg/mL concentration of the PGA/PEI polyplex particles. As an antibacterial material, the PGA/PEI polyplex particles totally prevented the growth of Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the antibacterial, biocompatible, blood compatibility, and degradability, the PGA/PEI polyplex particles can be utilized in wide range of application such as particularly wound dressing, cosmetic and health care products, and drug delivery applications.
Positive affect, negative affect, and psychological resilience mediate the effect of self‐compassion on mental toughness: A serial mediation analysis
Authors: Eryilmaz Ali , Yıldırım‐Kurtuluş Hacer , Doenyas Ceymi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFollowing the positive youth development perspective that emphasizes the importance of focusing on the positive assets of youth to be developed, this study examined the variables related with mental toughness, a trainable skill that is associated with psychological and academic well‐being outcomes, in preadolescent youth. The effect of self‐compassion on the mental toughness of preadolescents and the serial mediating effect of positive/negative affect and psychological resilience was explored for the first time in the literature to the best of our knowledge, via the causal‐comparative model. The study group consisted of a total of 263 preadolescents (ages 10–13). The results show that self‐compassion increases positive affect and this increases the mental toughness of preadolescents. As negative affect is negatively associated with mental toughness, by decreasing negative affect, self‐compassion positively influences mental toughness. Alternately, self‐compassion increases resilience, which in turn increases mental toughness. The findings of this study indicate that positive/negative affect and resilience play a serial mediating role in the relationship between self‐compassion and mental toughness. These relationships highlight the components to be included in interventions directed toward adolescents to improve the trainable skill of mental toughness, which can then lead to positive well‐being outcomes concurrently and through adulthood.
Strain and temperature induced phase changes inspin‐coated PVDFthin films
Authors: Pilla Kartheek , Neergat Manoj , Jonnalagadda Krishna Nagasai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely utilized for its unique pyro and piezoelectric properties related to its electro‐activeβ‐PVDF. In the past few decades, methods of producingβ‐PVDF by mechanical stretching of non‐polarα‐PVDF have been extensively documented. The aim of the present study is to understand the correlation between phase and mechanical behavior of β‐PVDF obtained directly from spin‐coating, and its stretch‐induced transformation from α‐PVDF. The effect of thermal annealing and in‐plane anisotropy on mechanical properties of spin‐coated PVDF freestanding thin films is investigated, under in‐situ tensile loading, in conjunction with digital image correlation, to measure the full‐field deformation. Stress–strain behavior of spin‐coatedβ‐PVDF andα‐PVDF are correlated with mechanical stretch‐induced phase transformation inα‐PVDF. The mechanical strength and failure strain exhibited by spin‐coated and annealedα‐PVDF (~35 MPa and ~5.5) is much higher than spin‐coatedβ‐PVDF (~10 MPa and ~0.45). The room temperature mechanical stretching causedα‐PVDF toβ‐PVDF beyond a stretch ratio of ~1.2, confirmed by both Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, mechanical response and spectroscopic analysis confirmed in‐plane anisotropy due to the spin‐coating process inβ‐PVDF.
Adsorption of Metformin on Graphene Nanoribbons and Application in Treatment of Oral Cancer Using Photothermal Energy
Authors: Pathan Nazneen , Shende Pravin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons are thin sheets of graphene showing exclusive characteristics such as better drug‐loading capacity, adsorption on mammalian cells, greater surface area, and light‐absorbing ability. The current research work is to develop metformin‐adsorbed carboxyl‐functionalized oxidized graphene nanoribbons and utilize drug repurposing for the treatment of oral cancer by activating photo‐thermal radiation therapy. The nanoribbons are formulated by Hummer's method and evaluated for several characterization parameters like ATR‐ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), topology, in vitro efficacy, ex vivo and in vitro cell line studies. The ATR‐FTIR spectrum of formulated nanoribbons shows distinctive peak at 3370 cm−1 (NH group) of metformin. The DSC specifies the incidence of steep endothermic crests at 235 °C (CNH3). The in vitro and ex vivo drug release studies show enhanced drug release in acidic pH (6.4) than physiological pH (7.4) with photothermal radiation. The in vitro cell line studies are processed via two‐way ANOVA that exhibits 67.74 ± 0.03% of % inhibition in presence of photothermal radiation. The study demonstrates higher inhibition of cancerous cells at lower concentration of drug and photothermal therapy in comparison to plain drug. The characteristic feature of graphene is used to develop targeted drug delivery system against the oral cancerous cells.
On updating the results of the control chart using a modified EWMA statistic
Authors: Khan Nasrullah , Aslam Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKhan et al. presented the results using the approximation for the control chart using a modified exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic. In this paper, we will correct the results using Monte Carlosimulation. We will show that modified EWMA is more efficient than traditional EWMA in terms of average run length.