bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing n‐type organic materials for lithium batteries: A techno‐economic review
Authors: Innocenti Alessandro , Adenusi Henry , Passerini Stefano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe high demand for critical minerals such as lithium, copper, nickel, and cobalt, required for lithium‐ion batteries, has raised questions regarding the feasibility of maintaining a steady and affordable supply of raw materials for their production. In the last years, researchers have shifted their attention toward organic materials, which are potentially more widely available, affordable, and sustainable due to the ubiquitous presence of the constituent organic elements. The n‐type materials have a redox mechanism analogous to that of lithium‐ion cathodes and anodes, hence they are suitable for a meaningful comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art technology. While many reviews have evaluated the properties of organic materials at the material or electrode level, herein, the properties of n‐type organic materials are assessed in a complex system, such as a full battery, to evaluate the feasibility and performance of these materials in commercial‐scale battery systems. The most relevant cathode materials for organic batteries are reviewed, and a detailed cost and performance analysis of n‐type material‐based battery packs using the BatPaC 5.0 software is presented. The analysis considers the influence of electrode design choices, such as the conductive carbon content, active material mass loading, and electrode density, on energy density and cost. The potential of n‐type organic materials as a low‐cost and sustainable solution for energy storage applications is highlighted, while emphasizing the need for further advancements of organic materials for energy storage applications.image
Ox‐LDL promotes M1‐like polarization of macrophages through the miR‐21‐5p/SKP2/EP300 pathway
Authors: Wu Jinlei , Liu Tingting , Xie Wenjie , Zhuo Yufeng , Feng Yanling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) mediated inflammatory damage, which possibly induces atherosclerosis (AS); however, the role of miRNA in this process has rarely been reported. In this paper, we study the ox‐LDL‐related endothelial cell damage and changes of macrophages. The bioinformatics method was used to analyze the expression changes of miRNA in AS patients, luciferase assay was used to study the interaction of protein and miRNA, and co‐IP and ubiquitination experiments were used to analyze protein interaction. Flow cytometry was used to detect the polarization of macrophages. Database analysis showed that the expression of miR‐21‐5p was upregulated in AS patients. Luciferase assay showed that miR‐21‐5p can bind to SKP2 and subsequently influence ubiquitination of EP300. Overexpression of EP300 strengthens the HMGB1‐induced acetylation and subsequently mediates the dissociation of HMGB1 from SIRT1, and thus HMGB1 could be secreted outside the cell. The HMGB1 released from endothelial cells can promote macrophage M1 polarization. This study shows that ox‐LDL activates the SKP2/EP300 pathway through promoting upregulation of miR‐21‐5p, thereby acetylating and secreting HMGB1 outside the endothelium, subsequently enhancing macrophage polarization to further stabilize the inflammation situation.
Emergence of a three‐sample conditional discrimination as foundation for reasoning capabilities
Authors: Pérez‐González Luis Antonio , Martínez Héctor , Palomino Marlon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe hypothesized that a three‐sample conditional discrimination can emerge as a result of learning conditional discriminations with relational stimuli. After learning three first‐order conditional discriminations AB, PQ, and CD, we taught a second‐order conditional discrimination XAB in which X1 indicated selection of related stimuli (e.g., A1 and B1) and X2 of unrelated stimuli (e.g., A1 and B2). Then, we probed the emergence of conditional discriminations PQX and XCD in which the X stimuli were comparisons and contextual stimuli, respectively. Finally, a conditional discrimination was probed with stimuli P, Q, and C as samples and D1 and D2 as comparisons. When the P and Q stimuli were related (and related to X1 in PQX), all participants selected the D stimulus that was related to the C stimulus (D1 when C1 was present and D2 when C2 was present); when the P and Q stimuli were unrelated (and related to X2 in PQX), they selected the D stimulus unrelated to the C stimulus (D2 when C1 and D1 when C2), which demonstrated emergence based on the relations established among all stimuli. In Experiment 2, the teaching of XAB was omitted and only one in six participants demonstrated emergence, which indicated that relational stimuli X1 and X2 played an important role in emergence. Thus, a new type of emergence that mimics analogical reasoning was demonstrated. The obtained outcome suggests that this procedure provides a learning foundation for acquiring reasoning capabilities.
Australian radiation therapist's research capacity and culture: investigating the extent of assistance required to build research capacity
Authors: Beldham‐Collins Rachael , Halkett Georgia K.B. , Knight Kellie , Gebski Val , Wright Caroline 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionBuilding research capacity within the radiation therapist workforce/profession is essential to guarantee research is embedded into core practices. Assessment of current capacity levels within organisation, department and individual domains needs to occur to establish a baseline and ensure research capacity building (RCB) strategies will be targeted successfully. This exploratory study aimed to identify the areas within each domain where radiation therapists would benefit from extra research assistance, that being research support and process changes, particularly in relation to the workplace and health sector.MethodsPractising radiation therapists (RTs) within Australia were recruited through professional organisations and invited to complete the online Research Capacity Culture Tool (RCCT). The survey was conducted using Qualtrics with data exported to SPSS.V27 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and the Radiation Therapy Specific Survey Analysis Approach (RTSSAA) for the Research Capacity and Culture Tool were used to analyse and report the results.ResultsSurvey participation rate was 121/2640 (4.6%). Within the Organisation and Department domains, the most research assistance was required in infrastructure (n = 92–37) and support (n = 66–45) categories, respectively. Participants from private sector (Organisation: 42.7%, Department: 53.7%) and metropolitan centres (Organisation: 32.6%, Department: 47.5%) required a higher rate of assistance when compared to their counterparts in both categories. The individual domain showed similar levels of assistance required across health sectors and work locations. Workplaces showed similar levels of complexity of research activity; private sector (62.5%) recorded the highest level of no research activity.ConclusionThis study has provided insight into how the research capacity and culture of organisations and departments in which individuals' work will influence their abilities and opportunities to perform research.
Antimicrobial activity of coral‐associated beneficial bacteria against coral disease‐causing microbial pathogens
Authors: Irudayarajan Lawrance , Ravindran Chinnarajan , Raveendran Haritha P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicrobial infection of immune‐compromised corals influences disease severity, resulting in coral mortality. However, coral‐associated beneficial bacteria are known to produce antimicrobial compounds that prevent the growth of potential pathogens and invading microbes. Hence, beneficial bacteria associated with coral Porites lutea were isolated and antimicrobial protein and bioactive secondary metabolites were extracted and tested for their antimicrobial activity against putative prokaryotic and eukaryotic coral pathogens. Bioactive secondary metabolites exhibited remarkable antagonism against various coral pathogens such as Serratia marcescens, Vibrio species, and Aspergillus sydowii. Besides, the metabolites of Cobetia marina, Cobetia amphilecti, Pseudoalteromonas neustonica, and Virgibacillus halodenitrificans manifested notable inhibition against the protozoan ciliates (Uronema marinum, Holosticha diademata, Cohnilembus verminus, and Euplotes vannus) and zooplankton that are known to be involved in the secondary pathogenesis in coral diseased lesion progression. Thus, the present study may benefit in understanding coral‐associated beneficial bacteria for their antagonistic interactions with microbial pathogens, as well as their potential involvement in reducing coral disease severity.
The effect of photodynamic therapy in controlling the oral biofilm: A comprehensive overview
Authors: Aghili Seyedeh Sara , Jahangirnia Alireza , Alam Mostafa , Oskouei Asal Bagherzadeh , Golkar Mohsen , Badkoobeh Ashkan , Abbasi Kamyar , Mohammadikhah Meysam , Karami Shahryar , Soufdoost Reza Sayyad , Namanloo Reza Abdollahi , Talebi Sahar , Amookhteh Samira , Hemmat Maryam , Sadeghi Sima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeveral resistance mechanisms are involved in dental caries, including oral biofilms. An accumulation of bacteria on the surface of teeth is called plaque. Periodontitis and gingivitis are caused by dental plaque. In this review article, we aimed to review the studies associated with the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to prevent and treat various microbial biofilm‐caused oral diseases in recent decades. There are several studies published in PubMed that have described antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) effects on microorganisms. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the potential of APDT for treating endodontic, periodontal, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria as biofilms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are activated in the presence of oxygen by integrating a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) with appropriate wavelength visible light. By causing irreversible damage to microorganisms, ROS induces some biological and photochemical events. Testing several wavelengths has been conducted to identify potential PS for APDT. A standard protocol is not yet available, and the current review summarizes findings from dental studies on APDT.
Machine learning‐based mortality prediction in hip fracture patients using biomarkers
Authors: Asrian George , Suri Abhinav , Rajapakse Chamith 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this retrospective study was to assess whether mortality following a hip fracture can be predicted by a machine learning model trained on basic blood and lab test data as well as basic demographic data. Additionally, the purpose was to identify the key variables most associated with 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year mortality and investigate their clinical significance. Input data included 3751 hip fracture patient records sourced from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database, which provided records from in‐hospital database systems at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The 1‐year mortality rate for all patients studied was 21% and for those aged 80+ was 29%. We assessed 10 different machine learning classification models, finding LightGBM to have the strongest 1‐year mortality prediction performance, with accuracy of 81%, AUC of 0.79, sensitivity of 0.34, and specificity of 0.98 on the test set. The strongest‐weighted features of the 1‐year model included age, glucose, red blood cell distribution width, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, urea nitrogen, prothrombin time, platelet count, calcium levels, and partial thromboplastin time. Most of these were also in the top 10 features of the LightGBM 5‐ and 10‐year prediction models trained. Testing for these high‐ranking biomarkers in new hip fracture patients can aid clinicians in assessing the likelihood of poor outcomes for hip fracture patients, and additional research can use these biomarkers to develop a mortality risk score.
Therapeutic efficacy of vancomycin‐loaded carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone hip stem for periprosthetic joint infection: A pilot study
Authors: Nakahara Ichiro , Ando Wataru , Enami Hideaki , Kamihata Satoshi , Takashima Kazuma , Uemura Keisuke , Hamada Hidetoshi , Sugano Nobuhiko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR/PEEK) hip stem with a special antibiotic elution mechanism is under development to treat periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The antibiotic elution characteristics of intramedullary implants were experimentally investigated, and the efficacy of revision surgery using a therapeutic stem in treating ovine PJI was examined. To evaluate elution characteristics, the intramedullary vancomycin‐loaded CFR/PEEK cylindrical implants were inserted in the distal femur of nine sheep, and the vancomycin elution rate was measured at 2, 7, and 21 days. To evaluate therapeutic efficacy, the PJI model with staphylococcus aureus was attempted to create for five sheep. Moreover, the therapeutic vancomycin‐loaded CFR/PEEK stem was implanted during one‐stage revision surgery. Three weeks after revision surgery, the treatment efficacy was evaluated based on bacterial cultures and wound findings. In addition, the vancomycin elution rate from the stem was measured. On average, the cylindrical implants eluted approximately 70% vancomycin in 21 days. Of the five sheep attempting to create a PJI model, three were successfully infected with S. aureus as intended for verification of treatment efficacy. In all three joints, negative bacterial cultures and no purulence were observed 3 weeks after revision surgery. The vancomycin elution rates from the stems were >70%. Efficient elution of vancomycin was confirmed by the experimental implant inserted into the bone marrow and the stem in actual PJI treatment. Using a novel therapeutic stem with an antibiotic elution mechanism in one‐stage revision surgery, successful treatment was demonstrated in all S. aureus‐induced PJIs.
Burden of treatment in severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Kiely Lisa , O'Connor Cathal , Moosa Aysha Al , Dight Emer , Murphy Michelle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcne is associated with a significant burden of disease related to the visual impact of facial lesions, symptoms such as pain, and sequelae such as scarring. However, little research has been performed on the acne‐specific burden of treatment (BOT), defined as the workload of healthcare as well as its impact on functioning and well‐being.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the BOT of moderate‐severe acne.MethodsA prospective study was performed in our tertiary dermatology department. Patients attending the dermatology department with moderate‐severe acne (defined as an Investigator's Global Assessment of acne severity of 3 or 4) were invited to complete a validated BOT questionnaire, modified for use in acne, with additional qualitative components.ResultsOf 50 patients, 68% were female, with a mean age of 22.6 years (range 16‐45 years). Most (82%, n = 41) patients were on isotretinoin, with 18% (n = 9) on oral antibiotics. The average BOT was 4.2/10 (range 0–8.2) for topical therapies, 4.5/10 (range 2.7–6.8) for oral antibiotics, and 3.8/10 (range 0.69–6.9) for isotretinoin. From qualitative statements, the greatest burdens reported with topical treatment were unpleasant sensations, skin sensitivity, skin dryness, and lack of efficacy; with antibiotic therapy were the requirement for long‐term treatment, limited efficacy, and side‐effects including gastrointestinal upset; and with isotretinoin therapy were cheilitis and xerosis, cost, and need for blood tests. However, 58% (n = 29) of patients believed their overall BOT was decreased with isotretinoin, and 18% (n = 9) felt that it was unchanged with isotretinoin, with statements such as “the side effects can be tough, but the result is definitely worth it.”ConclusionsThe BOT associated with oral isotretinoin is similar or lower to topical therapies and oral antibiotics. This should be taken into consideration when optimizing the care of patients with acne.
Laryngotracheal Amyloidosis: Amyloid Airway Center 23‐Year Experience
Authors: Tracy Lauren F. , Danis D. O'Neil , Rodriggs Timothy , Kariveda Rohith , Grillone Gregory A. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesLocalized laryngotracheal amyloidosis (LA) is a rare disease that can impact phonation and respiration. Treatment options include observation, surgery, and radiation therapy (RT). Given the rare incidence of LA, evidence regarding optimal management and long‐term outcomes is limited.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis.MethodsAll patients with LA presenting to an international amyloid center from 1999 to 2022 were analyzed. Patients were categorized by treatment modality: surgery, RT, or observation. Patient and disease factors including demographics, clinical presentation, and progression with need for additional treatment were evaluated.ResultsSeventy‐one patients (27M:44F) with LA were treated with surgery (n = 40), RT (n = 11), and observation (n = 20). Gender distribution, age at diagnosis, and systemic workup did not differ significantly between treatment cohorts. A correlation was identified between LA location and treatment modality, with higher rate of subglottic/tracheal amyloid in RT patients vs. surgery and observation patients [(90% and 52% respectively), p < 0.005]. Surgery patients had a median of two surgeries for disease management (range: 1–32) and RT patients had median five surgeries prior to RT (range: 0–17). Six patients required tracheotomy: 3/40 surgery, 3/11 RT and 0/20 in observation cohort. Surgery and RT patients had a longer duration of follow‐up (mean 6.7 and 11.7 years) compared with the observation cohort (5.7 years).ConclusionLaryngotracheal amyloidosis is a rare disease with variable presentation. Selective surgery of involved subsites is the primary treatment, though multiple surgeries may be needed to optimize function. Observation is appropriate for those with minimal symptoms. For recalcitrant disease, and particularly subglottic/tracheal amyloid, radiotherapy can be beneficial.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:1606–1613, 2024
Balloon‐assisted laser application for endoscopic treatment of biliary stricture
Authors: Lim Seonghee , Truong Van Gia , Jeong Seok , Lee Jiho , Lee Byeong‐il , Kang Hyun Wook 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesMalignant biliary stricture is a ductal narrowing of the bile duct that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to difficulty in resection. The current study aims to evaluate the feasibility of endobiliary laser treatment by quantifying the extent of coagulative necrosis in tissue under various conditions.MethodsEx vivo and in vivo porcine bile tissues were used for endobiliary laser treatment to characterize the dosimetric responses of the tissue to various treatment conditions: power level, irradiation time, and number of treatments. 532 nm laser light was coupled with a balloon‐integrated diffusing applicator (BDA) to deliver the laser light endoscopically for tissue coagulation. The coagulated regions (maximum length and depth) in the treated tissues were evaluated histologically for quantitative comparison.ResultsDosimetric evaluations with ex vivo liver tissue confirmed that both maximum length and depth of coagulative necrosis (CN) increased with applied power and number of treatments. Ex vivo bile duct tests demonstrated that BDA‐assisted laser treatment at 10 W for 12 s reproducibly yielded CN with a length of 5.8 ± 1.6 mm and a depth of 0.6 ± 0.2 mm. In vivo tests presented that endoscopic laser treatment using the BDA created CN on the ductal surface without any perforation. Microscopic examinations revealed that a dense inflammatory cell infiltration and eosinophilic area in the in vivo treated tissue. The extent of CN in the in vivo tissue was 40% longer and 120% deeper (length: 8.1 ± 0.7 mm; depth: 1.3 ± 0.2 mm), compared to that in the ex vivo tissue.ConclusionBDA‐assisted laser treatment could be a feasible option for endoscopic treatment of biliary stricture with uniform ablation at the circumference of bile duct. Further in vivo studies will be performed in a large number of stricture‐developed porcine models to examine both efficacy and safety of the proposed endobiliary laser treatment for clinical translations.
Polycaprolactone/Testicular Extracellular Matrix/Graphene Oxide‐Based Electrospun Tubular Scaffolds for Reproductive Medicine: Biomimetic Architecture of Seminiferous Tubules
Authors: Mohammadi Amirhossein , Koruji Morteza , Azami Mahmoud , Shabani Ronak , Mohandesnezhad Sanam , Bashiri Zahra , Asgari Hamidreza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerous scaffolds are developed in the field of testicular bioengineering. However, effectively replicating the spatial characteristics of native tissue, poses a challenge in maintaining the requisite cellular arrangement essential for spermatogenesis. In order to mimic the structural properties of seminiferous tubules, the objective is to fabricate a biocompatible tubular scaffold. Following the decellularization process of the testicular tissue, validation of cellular remnants' elimination from the specimens is conducted using 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and DNA content analysis. The presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is confirmed through Alcian blue, Orcein, and Masson's trichrome staining techniques. The electrospinning technique is employed to synthesize the scaffolds using polycaprolactone (PCL), extracted ECM, and varying concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) (0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Subsequently, comprehensive evaluations are performed to assess the properties of the synthetic scaffolds. These evaluations encompass Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy imaging, scaffold degradation testing, mechanical behavior analysis, methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay, and in vivo biocompatibility assessment. The PCL/decellularized extracellular matrix with 0.5% GO formulation exhibits superior fiber morphology and enhanced mechanical properties, and outperforms other groups in terms of in vitro biocompatibility. Consequently, these scaffolds present a viable option for implementation in “in vitro spermatogenesis” procedures, holding promise for future sperm production from spermatogonial cells.
Toward learning steelmaking—A review on machine learning for basic oxygen furnace process
Authors: Ghalati Maryam Khaksar , Zhang Jianbo , El‐Fallah G. M. A. M. , Nenchev Bogdan , Dong Hongbiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBasic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking is the most widely used process in global steel production today, accounting for around 70% of the industry's output. Due to the physical, mechanical, and chemical complexities involved in the process, conventional monitoring and control methods are often pushed to their limits. The increasing global competition has created a demand for new methods to monitor and control the BOF steelmaking process. Over the past decade, Machine Learning (ML) techniques have garnered substantial attention, offering a promising pathway to enhance efficiency and suitability of steel production. This paper presents the first comprehensive review of ML applications in the BOF steelmaking process. We provide an introduction to both fields: an overview of the BOF steelmaking process and ML. We analyze the existing work on ML applications in BOF steelmaking and synthesize common concepts into categories, supporting the identification of common use cases and approaches. This analysis concludes with the elaboration of challenges, potential solutions, and a future outlook for further research directions.