bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avalanche Airbag Usage and Risk Attitudes of Backcountry Skiers and Snowboarders in the American West
Authors: Lane Jeffrey P. , McIntosh Scott E. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Backcountry skiers and snowboarders are increasingly using avalanche airbags to improve safety. New safety devices can cause risk compensation, the concept in which users take more risks given the larger safety margin provided by the device. This may limit overall benefits. We sought to elucidate attitudes toward risk-taking behaviors and risk compensation in backcountry users relating to avalanche airbags. Methods A convenience sample of 144 backcountry skiers and snowboarders was surveyed after a backcountry tour in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah and the Tetons of Wyoming during the winter 2020–21 season. Demographic and experiential data were compared with risk propensity scores and attitudes toward risk compensation. Respondents were stratified into high-, medium-, and low-risk groupings based on risk propensity scores and whether an airbag was carried. Results Thirty-two (22%) respondents carried an airbag. Airbag users were more likely to endorse risk compensation behavior, ski terrain over 30 degrees, and fall into the high-risk cohort. The high-risk cohort was also more likely to endorse risk compensation behavior than medium- and low-risk individuals. Conclusions Risk compensation was more prevalent in 2 groups: 1) those carrying an airbag and 2) those falling within the high-risk cohort. Given the prevalence of avalanche airbags, risk compensation should be considered alongside other human factors in avalanche safety and education so that users can mitigate these effects. Although risk compensation appears to be occurring, the magnitude of this effect remains unknown and likely does not obviate the safety benefits of the airbag altogether.
Consumer behaviour and experiences in a naturalistic online grocery store: implications for nutrition research
Authors: Grummon Anna H. , Tucker Anna Claire , Noe Violet , Rummo Pasquale E. , Prestemon Carmen E. , Hall Marissa G. , Jaacks Lindsay M. , Lippuner Veronica , Taillie Lindsey Smith 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Naturalistic online grocery stores could provide a novel setting for evaluating nutrition interventions. In 2021–2022, we recruited US adults (n 144, 59% low-income) to complete two weekly study visits: one in a naturalistic (‘mock’) online grocery store developed for research and one in a real online grocery store. Participants selected groceries and responded to survey questions. Analyses examined survey responses and expenditures on fifteen food categories (e.g., bread, sugar-sweetened beverages). Nearly all enrolled participants completed both visits (98% retention). Moreover, nearly participants all reported that their selections in the naturalistic store were similar to their usual purchases (95%) and that the naturalistic store felt like a real store (92%). Participants’ spending on food categories in the naturalistic store were moderately-to-strongly correlated with their spending in the real store (range of correlation coefficients: 0⋅36–0⋅67, all P-values < 0⋅001). Naturalistic online grocery stores may offer a promising platform for conducting nutrition research.
Design of digital flight-mode control systems for helicopters with non-linear actuators
Authors: Porter B. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe synthesis of discrete-time tracking systems incorporating Lur’e plants with multiple non-linearities is illustrated by the design of a fast-sampling digital controller and associated transducers for the automatic control of the longitudinal motions of the CH-47 helicopter with both gang-collective and differential-collective non-linearities. In particular, it is demonstrated that non-interacting control of the vertical velocity and pitch attitude of the helicopter is readily achievable for large classes of non-linear actuator characteristics such as ‘deadzone’ provided that the controller and transducer parameters are chosen so as to ensure that state-bounded absolutely stable tracking occurs.
Recent experience in the RAE 5 metre wind tunnel of a china clay method for indicating boundary layer transition
Authors: Moir I. R. M. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDetails of a visual method for indicating boundary layer transition are given, with particular reference to tests at high Reynolds number in the RAE 5 metre pressurised low-speed wind tunnel on a slender-body model. The method is compared with other techniques on the basis of ease of use and quality of the indication.
Control of V/STOL aircraft
Authors: Franklin J. A. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper deals with control of V/STOL aircraft in powered-lift flight. A review of representative operational mission tasks is presented for the take-off, transition, hover and landing flight phases. Characteristics inherent in the basic airframe and propulsion system and the behaviour associated with control augmentation systems are considered. Demands for augmented stability and control response to meet certain mission operational requirements are discussed. Experience from ground-based simulation and flight experiments that illustrates the impact of augmented stability and control on aircraft design is related by example.
On the application of linearised theory to multi-element aerofoils Part II: Effects of thickness, camber and stagger
Authors: Watt G. D. , Parkinson G. V. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA linearised two-dimensional incompressible potential flow theory for two-element aerofoil sections is developed. It is capable of predicting the effects of angle of attack, flap deflection, camber, thickness, stagger and overlap of aerofoil elements on the forces. These effects are summarised in integrals which are analogous to the one-element thin aerofoil theory Munk integrals. Analytical expressions for the forces on tandem NACA 23012 aerofoils have been derived and results are presented. Comparisons are also made with a realistic slotted flap configuration with overlap for which experimental data is available. The linearised theory is seen to correlate with these real flow results as well as and better than it does in the one-element regime.
Dynamic analysis of thick rotating blades with flexible roots
Authors: Abbas B. A. H. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper presents a new finite element model for the dynamic analysis of thick rotating blades with flexible roots. The new model is based on the fast convergent element developed by Abbas and Thomas which can satisfy all the geometric and natural boundary conditions of a thick non-rotating blade. It is the only element developed so far which can distinguish between roots of blades that are rigidly clamped and are elastically supported.
Elimination of buffeting on the rear fuselage of the Hercules Tanker
Authors: Mabey D.G 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe conversion of the Hercules aircraft for flight refuelling necessitated the installation of a small drogue box on the lower surface of the rear fuselage. This produced a long flow separation and unacceptable rear fuselage and elevator buffeting at the drogue towing speeds required.The flow separation was stabilised, and the buffeting eliminated, by the installation of strakes and the provision of a small bleed flow through the drogue box.
Effect of changes in physical parameters on the stability characteristics of parachutes descending through real fluids
Authors: Yavuz T. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBy introducing experimentally-obtained apparent mass components into the relevant equations of motion, performance characteristics of descending parachutes have been obtained which so resemble those observed as to give an appropriate basis for performance prediction. The effects on pitching oscillations caused by certain changes in system physical parameters; the size of the parachute canopy, the length of the rigging lines and the store mass, have all been considered as well as the effect of parachute altitude. For good stability in pitch the significant ratio of physical parameters is that of store mass to effective canopy mass, inclusive of apparent mass.
On the effect of wing taper and sweep direction on leading edge transition
Authors: Poll D. I. A. , Paisley D. J. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
An experimental study has been made of the conditions necessary to produce transition in a swept attachment-line boundary layer which is subjected to disturbances from trip wires of various sizes. The boundary layer considered is that formed on a long, untwisted, tapered wing which has been tested in both the backward swept and forward swept configurations. Results from these tests are compared with previous work on an untapered model. Some important similarities and some puzzling differences have been found. Finally consideration is given to the practical implications of this work. It is suggested that a forward swept wing may be capable of supporting a laminar attachment-line flow at a much higher free-stream Reynolds number than a corresponding swept-back wing.
P. CALPURNIUS LANARIUS, A NEW NAME ON THE SULLAN PROSCRIPTION LISTS
Authors: García González Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccording to Plutarch (Sert. 7.1–2) and Sallust (Hist. 1.83–4), a certain P. Calpurnius Lanarius killed L. Livius Salinator, a member of Sertorius’ staff in charge of military operations in the Pyrenees, in the early stages of the Sertorian War (82–72 b.c.). Through the analysis of the verb δολοφονέω in Plutarch's and St. Jerome's use of Sallust's Histories, this article seeks to demonstrate that Lanarius was an exile of the Sullan regime who treacherously assassinated his superior Salinator. The article puts forward the suggestion—not hitherto considered—that Lanarius was one of those proscribed.
Relations among Socioeconomic Status, Perceived Stress, and the Home Language Environment
Authors: HART Emma R. , TROLLER-RENFREE Sonya V. , SPERBER Jessica F. , NOBLE Kimberly G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile socioeconomic disparities in the home language environment have been well established, the mechanisms explaining these disparities are poorly understood. One plausible mechanism is heightened stress. The current study investigated whether maternal perceived stress was 1) associated with measures of the home language environment, and 2) mediated the relation between socioeconomic disparities and the home language environment. Data from three independent studies were analyzed, which together comprised 322 mother-child dyads. Two studies included mothers and their six- to twelve-month-old infants (N = 227). The third included mothers and their five- to nine-year-old children (N = 95). Mothers reported their educational attainment, income, and stress. Language Environment Analysis (LENA) measured the home language environment. As has been previously reported, socioeconomic disparities were observed in adult words and conversational turns. Stress did not mediate these associations, nor was it associated with adult words or conversational turns. Alternate mechanisms for future exploration are discussed.
Predictive modelling of Ross River virus using climate data in the Darling Downs
Authors: Meadows Julia , McMichael Celia , Campbell Patricia T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ross River virus (RRV) is the most common mosquito-borne infection in Australia. RRV disease is characterised by joint pain and lethargy, placing a substantial burden on individual patients, the healthcare system and economy. This burden is compounded by a lack of effective treatment or vaccine for the disease. The complex RRV disease ecology cycle includes a number of reservoirs and vectors that inhabit a range of environments and climates across Australia. Climate is known to influence humans, animals and the environment and has previously been shown to be useful to RRV prediction models. We developed a negative binomial regression model to predict monthly RRV case numbers and outbreaks in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Australia. Human RRV notifications and climate data for the period July 2001 – June 2014 were used for model training. Model predictions were tested using data for July 2014 – June 2019. The final model was moderately effective at predicting RRV case numbers (Pearson's r = 0.427) and RRV outbreaks (accuracy = 65%, sensitivity = 59%, specificity = 73%). Our findings show that readily available climate data can provide timely prediction of RRV outbreaks.
Prayer as socialist praxis: religion and recommitment for Hermann Cohen and the doubly marked martyrs of the November revolution in Germany
Authors: Aldridge Casey 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper explores German-Jewish philosopher Hermann Cohen's challenge to materialist theories that anticipate capitalism's collapse and assert socialism's dependence upon self-interest. It places Cohen's religious socialism in conversation with a cohort of Jews who led and sacrificed their lives for the German revolution of 1918–1919. I argue that although self-interest and an insistence upon socialism's inevitability may motivate revolutionary action, it can also result in quietism. Through Cohen'sReligion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism, I show how Jewish prayer functions as a ritual practice of ethical recommitment to a cause that appears unrealizable. Cohen's notion of prayer as dialogical monologue—wherein the petitioner addresses a unique and, according to Cohen, silent God—allowed him to overcome doubt and self-interest. Beyond what Kant understood as prayer's socializing power, this paper uncovers the capacity of dialogical monologue to re-tether individuals to movements that cannot guarantee victory, yet which make ethical demands of us anyway.
When do progressive evangelicals mobilize? Intra-denominational competing identities in Chile's constitutional process
Authors: Castillo Isabel , Contreras-Guzmán Danissa , Henzi Camila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, and throughout the Americas, evangelicals have strongly mobilized in defense of socially conservative agendas or against so-called “gender ideology,” sparking general and academic interest. Much less is known about progressive evangelicals. Using the unique juncture presented by the constitutional process in Chile, we study the politicization of a progressive evangelical identity and ask when these religious groups mobilize. We argue that intra-denominational competition for evangelical identity has played an important role in progressive evangelical mobilization, and more specifically the wish to differentiate themselves from conservative evangelicals, introduce a distance from the political right, and show the internal diversity of the community. This process occurs in response to an initial (conservative) politicization of religion. Drawing on campaign materials, surveys, and interviews, we provide evidence for this argument highlighting that policy preferences and theological interpretations are core differences among both groups, sparking countermobilization.
Evolution of gain enhancement techniques in dielectric resonator antenna: applications and challenges
Authors: Harkare Ankita H. , Kothari Ashwin G. , Bhurane Ankit A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDielectric resonator antennas (DRA) are advantageous due to their small size, high radiation efficiency, ease of excitation, and minimal metallic losses. Enhancing the gain of DRA will make them suitable for a variety of applications such as wireless communication technology. High-gain antennas are required for wireless communication to overcome the difficulties of high path loss. The researchers have presented numerous techniques, including stacked DRA, DRA array, and higher-order mode excitation for enhancing the gain. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the state of art techniques and geometries including stacking, frequency-selective surfaces superstrate, electromagnetic band gap structures, hybrid techniques, arrays, etc., for increasing DRA gain. Techniques to improve other parameters like bandwidth and radiation efficiency along with gain are also discussed. The challenges in each technique and the possible applications are presented. Based on the studies, it is observed that the DRA array technique is suitable for obtaining gains up to 19 dBi for radar-based applications. For low-profile DRA requirements, hybrid DRAs prove prolific in enhancing gain up to 16 dBi.
“Winga Is Trying to Get in”: Local Observations of Climate Change in the Tiwi Islands
Authors: Barnett Jon , Konlechner Teresa , Waters Elissa , Minnapinni Michelle Woody , Jarillo Sergio , Austral Brian , De Santis James , Head Lesley , Rioli Clinton , King Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a growing body of research documenting Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities' observations of changes in climate. The accuracy, efficacy, and transferability of this research depends on its motives and methods. In this paper, we report on research to produce a working knowledge of changes in climate and its impacts on local biophysical systems in the Tiwi Islands in Northern Australia. Interviews with 52 Tiwi people were combined with diverse forms of aerial data to produce a nuanced understanding of climate change in these remote islands. These data show changes in climate‐sensitive biophysical systems that would otherwise remain undetected by instruments conventionally used for monitoring climate change. These include changes in shorelines, which are causing concerns about damage to buildings that are important for Tiwi well‐being, and changes in the marine environment and wetlands, which are causing concerns about damage to natural heritage. We discuss the implications of these findings, arguing that systematic observations collected by networks of people “on Country” can provide excellent monitoring of climate change impacts, and that Indigenous people's interests in the effects of climate change overlap with those of non‐Indigenous people, as do their rights to support from the State for adaptation.
The Mechanical Nature of the Lithosphere Beneath the Eastern Central Atlantic Hotspots
Authors: Jiménez‐Díaz Alberto , Negredo Ana M. , Kirby Jon F. , Sánchez‐Pastor Pilar , Fullea Javier , Ruiz Javier , Pérez‐Gussinyé Marta , Yu Chuanhai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Eastern Central Atlantic (ECA) region includes the Azores, Canary, Cape Verde, Great Meteor, and Madeira hotspots. These hotspots exhibit a large variety of characteristics and are rooted in the lithosphere ranging in age from newly created at the Mid Atlantic Ridge to Jurassic at the NW Africa Atlantic margin. Therefore, the ECA region represents an excellent scenario to investigate in an integrated way the effects of hotspots on the mechanical structure of oceanic lithosphere. Here, we calculate the effective elastic thickness (Te) of the lithosphere from an analysis of gravity and topography. Azores hotspot is characterized by a Te < 10 km, whereas the Great Meteor, Cape Verde, and Madeira hotspots have intermediate Te (15–30 km) values. In contrast, the Canary hotspot is characterized by a much higher Te (>50 km), forming the largest and most prominent mechanical feature in the ECA. All the hotspots except Canary show standard elastic thickness values when compared to average values for the same age lithosphere and to other oceanic areas in the world. The high strength of the Canary hotspot may be related to the highly depleted mantle composition in the area. The comparison between the elastic thickness distribution and the upper mantle seismic velocity structure shows no correlation between the Te estimated at the ECA hotspots (with the exception of Azores) and the presence of low shear‐wave velocity anomalies in the underlying mantle. This lack of correlation suggests a negligible effect of upper mantle temperature anomalies on the flexure of the ECA region.
Influence of Urbanization on the Spatial Distribution of Associations Between Air Pollution and Mortality in Beijing, China
Authors: Han Ling , Qin Tian , Sun Zhaobin , Ren Hongyu , Zhao Na , An Xingqin , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of urbanization on the intra‐city spatial distribution of associations between air pollution and mortality in Beijing, China. First, we utilized the generalized additive model to establish the exposure‐response associations of PM2.5, O3, with nonaccidental and cardiorespiratory mortality between urban and suburban areas. Second, we assessed district‐specific air pollution‐related mortality and analyzed how these associations were affected by the degree of urbanization. Finally, we analyzed the changes in air pollution‐related mortality before and after the enforcement of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (referred to as the Action Plan). The effect estimates of PM2.5 for nonaccidental mortality were 0.20% (95% CI: 0.12–0.28) in urban areas and 0.46% (95% CI: 0.35–0.58) in suburban areas per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations. The corresponding estimates of O3 were 0.13% (95% CI: −0.04–0.29) in urban areas and 0.34% (95% CI: 0.12–0.56) in suburban areas per 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 concentrations; however, the difference between the estimates of O3 in urban and suburban areas was not statistically significant. The district‐specific results suggested that the estimated risks increased along with urban vulnerability levels for the effects of PM2.5. Implementing the Action Plan reduced the mortality risks of PM2.5, but the risks of O3 increased in some districts. However, the difference in the estimates between the pre‐ and post‐emission reductions was not statistically significant. Our study indicated that populations living in less urbanized areas are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of air pollution in Beijing, particularly for PM2.5.
Comparison of JPL and ESP Solar Proton Fluence Models Using the Background‐Subtracted RDSv2.0 Data Set
Authors: Zhu B. X. , Whitman K. , Jun I. , Ratliff J. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh energy protons from solar energetic particle (SEP) events are a hazard to spacecraft systems and instruments. For interplanetary and geosynchronous‐Earth‐orbiting spacecraft, a mission's cumulative SEP fluence is an important consideration for hardware design. The total solar proton fluence for a mission can be dominated by a small number of very high‐fluence events. Because of the sporadic and unpredictable nature of these large events, data sets collected over multiple solar cycles are needed to construct a statistical model that can predict a mission's risk of seeing a given fluence exposure during its mission. Several statistical models have been developed, including the JPL model and the Emission of Solar Protons (ESP) model. The models produce somewhat different results, which could be due in part to the different data sets from which they were derived. To understand the sensitivity of predicted mission fluence to the choice of data set and to the statistical distribution to which that data set is fit, we present a comparison of the JPL and ESP cumulative fluence models as reformulated from the same SEP data set, a background‐subtracted version of the Reference Data Set Version 2.0 (RDSv2.0) based on data from IMP‐8 and GOES, covering 41 years of SEP events from 1974 to 2015 with proton energies between 5 and 289 MeV. The comparisons show that different modeling approaches can produce a factor of 2 or greater difference in the mission fluences even when the same data set is used for model development.