bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Networks for Modeling Rheological Properties under High-Temperature and High-Pressure in Gas Well Cement Slurries
Authors: Roli Amuah Freda , Joel Ogbonna , John Anthony 
Published: June 2023

Artificial neural networks (ANN) was used to predict the rheological properties of high temperature high pressure gas well cement slurries. Seven different materials were used as additives which includes: Fresh water, dyckerhoff, silica flour, antifoam, extender, fluid loss, dispersant, retarder, anti-settling agent, gas control agent, dry viscosifier, potassium chloride and accelerator. Four recipes were prepared using these additives in different mixtures. Recipe four have all the additives. The rheological properties were investigated at different temperatures in the range of 23 to 60ºC using an advanced shear-stress/shear-strain controlled rheometer. Experimental data thus obtained were used to develop predictive models based on back- propagation artificial neural networks. It was found that ANN depicted good agreement with the experimental data, with ANN achieving more accurate predictions. The developed models could effectively predict the rheological properties of new slurries designed within the range of input parameters of the experimental database with an absolute error of 3.43, 3.17, and 2.82%, in the case of ANN, for the different recipes. The flow curves developed using ANN allowed predicting the Bingham parameters (yield stress and plastic viscosity) of the oil well slurries with adequate accuracy. The goal of the process is to choose the network that minimizes the prediction errors/RMSEs. There is however need to avoid an over-trained network. The result showed that over-training of the networks sets in around the scenario when the number of hidden layer neurons exceeds 9. It also demonstrates that the network with 9 hidden layer neurons gave the least RMSEs, and it is this network that has been adopted as the network for the final model development in this work.
User Satisfaction Levels about m-Health Application for Growth Monitoring and Children's Development in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Siswati Tri , Rialihanto Muhammad Primiaji , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Tjaronosari Tjaronosari 
Published: June 2023

Background: The level of user satisfaction with the m-health application has a significant impact on its long-term viability.
Aims: This study aims to determine user satisfaction levels about m-health applications for growth monitoring and children's development in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to November 2022 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The satisfaction survey was conducted on 100 respondents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using the RASCH method with a mean rating of 1 2 3 4, from very disagree until very agree.
Results: This finding showed that using RASCH method with 14 criteria the mean rate of user satisfaction is 3.5±1.5. The lowest rating is about the app's usage time suits me (3.1±1.4) and the highest rating is about the ease of use and I have many information about children health care (3.5±1.2 and 3.5±1.5 respectively).
Conclusion: Based on user satisfaction evaluation tests, overall are good, for ease of use, helpfull time friendly, comfort, and providing information swiftly and properly. Futher this application needs policies to support children's health programs extensively.
Examination of the Accuracy of Existing Overdose Surveillance Systems
Authors: Griffith Jennifer , Chambers Laura C. , Hallowell Benjamin D. , Gaipo Ashley , Mailloux Craig , Baird Janette , Beaudoin Francesca L. , Samuels Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceHealth departments have used a variety of methods for overdose surveillance, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is implementing a standardized case definition to improve overdose surveillance nationally. The comparative accuracy of the CDC opioid overdose case definition vs existing state opioid overdose surveillance systems is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of the CDC opioid overdose case definition and existing Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) state opioid overdose surveillance system.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study of ED opioid overdose visits was conducted at 2 EDs in Providence, Rhode Island, at the state’s largest health system from January to May 2021. Electronic health records (EHRs) were reviewed for opioid overdoses identified by the CDC case definition and opioid overdoses reported to the RIDOH state surveillance system. Included patients were those at study EDs whose visit met the CDC case definition, was reported to the state surveillance system, or both. True overdose cases were confirmed by EHR review using a standard case definition; 61 of 460 EHRs (13.3%) were double reviewed to estimate classification accuracy. Data were analyzed from January through May 2021.Main Outcome and MeasureAccurate identification of an opioid overdose was assessed by estimating the positive predictive value of the CDC case definition and state surveillance system using results from the EHR review.ResultsAmong 460 ED visits that met the CDC opioid overdose case definition, were reported to the RIDOH opioid overdose surveillance system, or both (mean [SD] age, 39.7 [13.5] years; 313 males [68.0%]; 61 Black [13.3%], 308 White [67.0%], and 91 other race [19.8%]; and 97 Hispanic or Latinx [21.1%] among each patient visit), 359 visits (78.0%) were true opioid overdoses. For these visits, the CDC case definition and RIDOH surveillance system agreed that 169 visits (36.7%) were opioid overdoses. Of 318 visits meeting the CDC opioid overdose case definition, 289 visits (90.8%; 95% CI, 87.2%-93.8%) were true opioid overdoses. Of 311 visits reported to the RIDOH surveillance system, 235 visits (75.6%; 95% CI, 70.4%-80.2%) were true opioid overdoses.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that the CDC opioid overdose case definition more often identified true opioid overdoses compared with the Rhode Island overdose surveillance system. This finding suggests that using the CDC case definition for opioid overdose surveillance may be associated with improved data efficiency and uniformity.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors for Treatment of Hormone Receptor–Positive, ERBB2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: O’Sullivan Ciara Catherine , Clarke Robert , Goetz Matthew Philip , Robertson John 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceCombination therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i: palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib) and endocrine therapy (ET) has been a major advance for the treatment of hormone receptor–positive (HR+), ERBB2 (formerly HER2)–negative (ERBB2−) advanced or metastatic breast cancer.ObservationsRandomized phase 3 studies demonstrated that the addition of CDK4/6i reduced the hazard risk of disease progression by approximately half compared with hormonal monotherapy (an aromatase inhibitor, tamoxifen, or fulvestrant) in the first-line (1L) and/or second-line (2L) setting. Hence, the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approved 3 CDK4/6i, in both 1L and 2L settings. However, differences among the CDK4/6i regarding mechanisms of action, adverse effect profiles, and overall survival (OS) are emerging. Both abemaciclib and ribociclib have demonstrated efficacy in high-risk HR+ early breast cancer. While ET with or without CDK4/6i is accepted as standard treatment for persons with advanced HR+ ERBB2− metastatic breast cancer, several key issues remain. First, why are there discordances in OS in the metastatic setting and efficacy differences in the adjuvant setting? Additionally, apart from HR status, there are few biomarkers predictive of response to CDK4/6i plus ET, and these are not used routinely. Despite the clear OS advantage noted in the 1L and 2L metastatic setting with some CDK4/6i, a subset of patients with highly endocrine-sensitive disease do well with ET alone. Therefore, an unanswered question is whether some patients can postpone CDK4/6i until the 2L setting, particularly if financial toxicity is a concern. Finally, given the lack of endocrine responsiveness following progression on some CDK4/6i, strategies to optimally sequence treatment are needed.Conclusions and RelevanceFuture research should focus on defining the role of each CDK4/6i in HR+ breast cancer and developing a biomarker-directed integration of these agents.
Boron
Authors: Ball R. Wayne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Boron is the fifth element of the periodic table and the only electron‐deficient nonmetallic element. Consequently, boron has a high affinity for electronegative atoms such as oxygen and forms strong covalent boron–oxygen bonds in compounds known as borates. Boron is an essential micronutrient in plants and nutritionally important in animals and humans. Boron occurs naturally in all foods; fruits, vegetables, and nuts contain the highest levels. The toxic effects and pharmacokinetics of boron and borates are reviewed. The inorganic boron‐containing materials share many chemical and biological characteristics thought to be due to unique properties of the boron element. This chapter reviews the shared characteristics and the individual inorganic boron‐containing compounds that have a significant use in industry. Some of the more important physical and chemical properties of boron compounds of commercial significance and widespread exposure are listed. Boron has been shown to cause developmental effects and adversely affect male reproduction in laboratory animals. However, there is no clear evidence of male reproductive effects attributable to boron in studies of highly exposed workers or of developmental effects in humans in studies of populations with high exposures to boron.
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated
Authors: Ansari Rais A. , Husain Kazim , Saghir Shakil A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAliphatic carboxylic acids (ACA) include many chemicals with a wide range of biological and industrial functions. Many are nutritionally important, occur naturally, and take part in normal biochemical processes. ACA are commercially important with annual production of over 3, 1, and 1 billion lbs/year for acetic, formic, and acrylic acids alone, respectively. Generally, ACA are of no serious concern, except at very high levels of experimental or accidental exposures, many are designated as GRAS. Primary adverse effects are irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes from acute exposures to strong water‐soluble acids that can penetrate the skin or those that can volatilize like short‐chain formic, acetic, and propionic acids; dermal sensitization is rare. Saturated ACA are used in a variety of applications, such as in the production of synthetic fiber, resins, plastics, and dyes. Several acids and their esters are important chemical intermediates or solvents and are used in cosmetics or food applications as pH modifiers, preservatives, and antioxidants. Saturated, straight‐chain monocarboxylic acids are metabolized by the β‐oxidation pathway until acetate, propionate, or butyrate are formed which are utilized for energy production via TCA cycle or converted to acetoacetate and subsequently to other ketone bodies, which can be oxidized or excreted in the urine. Propionate originates from odd‐chain acids and is converted to carbohydrates and, unlike acetate, into lipids. This chapter covers 33 ACA their toxicity and workplace exposure limits under a number of regulatory agencies based on the available data.
Esters of Aromatic Diacids (Phthalates)
Authors: Greim Helmut 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhthalate esters are used as plasticizers for a variety of plastic materials; those of C8 and above are used to add flexibility to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). They also are used with vinyl and cellulose resins to lend toughness and flexibility. They are commonly used in wire and cable coverings, moldings, vinyl consumer products, and medical devices. Some low‐molecular‐weight phthalate esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl) are preferentially used as industrial solvents and in consumer products, such as ink and lacquer. Phthalates occur mainly in liquid form with high boiling ranges and very low vapor pressures, both contributing to the high stability of these materials.The critical health effects of phthalate esters like DEHP, butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di‐iso‐butyl phthalate (DIBP), di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DNBP), and dipentyl phthalate (DPP) are their interaction with the endogenous production of fetal testicular testosterone in rats. This impairs the reproduction of rodents by decreasing sperm production so that ECHA has labeled this group as toxic for reproduction (1B), whereas high molecular phthalates (HMP) such as DINP do not warrant classification for effects on sexual function, fertility, and developmental toxicity. Currently, di‐isononylphthalate (DINP) is replacing di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) widely in industrial and consumer products.Photodegradation half‐lives of dimethyl‐ and diethylphthalate are about 14 and 3 days, respectively, those of the other esters below 1 day. Half‐lives of aerobic degradation differ largely. The acute aquatic EC or LD50 values determined in algae, daphnids, and minnows mostly did not show effects at the solubility limits.Legal limits of European Commission (EC) for phthalates in plastic layer in direct contact with food are as follows: DBP up to 0.3 mg/kg, BBP, up to 30 mg/kg, DEHP, up to 1.5 mg/kg, sum of DINP and DIDP up to 9 mg/kg.
Exploring the Mechanism ofArctium LappaL. Leaves in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Chemical Profile, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Mu Shou‐chen , Xue Deng‐feng , Qin Xue‐mei , Du Guan‐hua , Zhou Yu‐zhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's Disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, which urgently needs more effective treatment strategies.Arctium lappaL. leaf (burdock leaf) performs wide pharmacological activities, increasing evidence hinted that burdock leaves can ameliorate AD. This research aims to explore the bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of burdock leaves against AD by performing chemical profiles, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. 61 components are identified by liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry. 792 targets of ingredients and 1661 AD‐related genes are retrieved from public databases. Ten critical ingredients are identified from the topology analysis of the compound‐target network. CytoNCA, AlzData database, and Aging Atlas database contribute to the foundation of 36 potential targets and four clinically significant targets (STAT3, RELA, MAPK8, and AR). The gene ontology (GO) analysis manifests that the included processes are close to the pathogenesis of AD. PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway may be important therapeutic mechanisms. Molecular docking results imply that network pharmacology results are reliable. Furthermore, the clinical meanings of core targets are also evaluated with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This research will provide research direction for the application of burdock leaves in the treatment of AD.
Asymmetry analysis of discrete‐time periodic query double‐queue threshold control system
Authors: Yin Dedu , Cheng Man , Wang Xinchun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccording to the operation mechanism and characteristics of the asymmetric polling system in token ring network, the physical structure model of the system under the asymmetric double‐queues threshold control strategy is established. Under the condition of defining the system state variables and parameters, the mathematical model describing the asymmetric double‐queues threshold control policy was abstracted. The discrete time Markov chain and an important analytical tool for studying the distribution pattern of random variables were used as the analysis method and means. The performance indexes of the asymmetric double‐queues threshold service control system are studied effectively, the average queuing length and the average cycle length of the system are analyzed precisely, the six second‐order characteristic expressions of the system are analyzed completely, and the average waiting delay equation of the system is analyzed optimally. The results of simulation experiment and theoretical numerical calculation are in good agreement. This study presents a further understanding of the internal law of asymmetry problem in the double‐queues threshold control policy so as to create the study basis and conditions for the research of asymmetric multi‐queues threshold control strategy.
A Comparison of Cellular Uptake Mechanisms, Delivery Efficacy, and Intracellular Fate between Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Gandek Timea B. , van der Koog Luke , Nagelkerke Anika 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA key aspect for successful drug delivery via lipid‐based nanoparticles is their internalization in target cells. Two prominent examples of such drug delivery systems are artificial phospholipid‐based carriers, such as liposomes, and their biological counterparts, the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite a wealth of literature, it remains unclear which mechanisms precisely orchestrate nanoparticle‐mediated cargo delivery to recipient cells and the subsequent intracellular fate of therapeutic cargo. In this review, internalization mechanisms involved in the uptake of liposomes and EVs by recipient cells are evaluated, also exploring their intracellular fate after intracellular trafficking. Opportunities are highlighted to tweak these internalization mechanisms and intracellular fates to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these drug delivery systems. Overall, literature to date shows that both liposomes and EVs are predominantly internalized through classical endocytosis mechanisms, sharing a common fate: accumulation inside lysosomes. Studies tackling the differences between liposomes and EVs, with respect to cellular uptake, intracellular delivery and therapy efficacy, remain scarce, despite its importance for the selection of an appropriate drug delivery system. In addition, further exploration of functionalization strategies of both liposomes and EVs represents an important avenue to pursue in order to control internalization and fate, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy.
In Situ Covalent Reinforcement of a Benzene‐1,3,5‐Tricarboxamide Supramolecular Polymer Enables Biomimetic, Tough, and Fibrous Hydrogels and Bioinks
Authors: Hafeez Shahzad , Decarli Monize Caiado , Aldana Agustina , Ebrahimi Mahsa , Ruiter Floor A.A. , Duimel Hans , van Blitterswijk Clemens , Pitet Louis M. , Moroni Lorenzo , Baker Matthew B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSynthetic hydrogels often lack the load‐bearing capacity and mechanical properties of native biopolymers found in tissue, such as cartilage. In natural tissues, toughness is often imparted via the combination of fibrous noncovalent self‐assembly with key covalent bond formation. This controlled combination of supramolecular and covalent interactions remains difficult to engineer, yet can provide a clear strategy for advanced biomaterials. Here, a synthetic supramolecular/covalent strategy is investigated for creating a tough hydrogel that embodies the hierarchical fibrous architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). A benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) hydrogelator is developed with synthetically addressable norbornene handles that self‐assembles to form a and viscoelastic hydrogel. Inspired by collagen's covalent cross‐linking of fibrils, the mechanical properties are reinforced by covalent intra‐ and interfiber cross‐links. At over 90% water, the hydrogels withstand up to 550% tensile strain, 90% compressive strain, and dissipated energy with recoverable hysteresis. The hydrogels are shear‐thinning, can be 3D bioprinted with good shape fidelity, and can be toughened via covalent cross‐linking. These materials enable the bioprinting of human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) spheroids and subsequent differentiation into chondrogenic tissue. Collectively, these findings highlight the power of covalent reinforcement of supramolecular fibers, offering a strategy for the bottom‐up design of dynamic, yet tough, hydrogels and bioinks.
Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity
Authors: Edwards Camilla , Shah Shrey. A. , Gebhardt Thomas , Jewell Christopher M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroneedle arrays (MNAs) are small patches containing hundreds of short projections that deliver signals directly to dermal layers without causing pain. These technologies are of special interest for immunotherapy and vaccine delivery because they directly target immune cells concentrated in the skin. The targeting abilities of MNAs result in efficient immune responses—often more protective or therapeutic—compared to conventional needle delivery. MNAs also offer logistical benefits, such as self‐administration and transportation without refrigeration. Thus, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are exploring these technologies. Here the unique advantages of MNA, as well as critical challenges—such as manufacturing and sterility issues—the field faces to enable widespread deployment are discussed. How MNA design parameters can be exploited for controlled release of vaccines and immunotherapies, and the application to preclinical models of infection, cancer, autoimmunity, and allergies are explained. Specific strategies are also discussed to reduce off‐target effects compared to conventional vaccine delivery routes, and novel chemical and manufacturing controls that enable cargo stability in MNAs across flexible intervals and temperatures. Clinical research using MNAs is then examined. Drawbacks of MNAs and the implications, and emerging opportunities to exploit MNAs for immune engineering and clinical use are concluded.
Cs3Cu2I5 Single Crystal for Efficient Direct X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Wei Qinhua , Fan Xiongsheng , Xiang Peng , Qin Laishun , Liu Wenjun , Shi Tongyu , Yin Hang , Cai Peiqing , Tong Yufeng , Tang Gao , Liu Zugang , Chu Paul K. , Shi Hongsheng , Liu Yanliang , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional copper‐based halide single crystals are considered excellent scintillators for indirect X‐ray detection, but their potential in direct X‐ray detection has not been investigated. Herein, high‐quality pure Cs3Cu2I5 and Li‐doped Cs3Cu2I5:Li single crystals are grown by the Bridgman method. The Li+ dopant enhances the photoelectric properties of the Cs3Cu2I5 single crystal by extending the carrier lifetime, improving the carrier mobility from 6.49 to 9.52 cm2 V−1 s−1, and increasing the mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product from 1.4 × 10−4 to 2.9 × 10−4 cm2 V−1. The sensitive direct X‐ray detector with a vertical device configuration of Au/Cs3Cu2I5:Li single crystal/PCBM/Au is fabricated and demonstrated to have a high sensitivity of 831.1 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and low detection limit of 34.8 nGyair s−1. Furthermore, the detector shows negligible baseline current drift and excellent stability upon X‐ray radiation.