bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of forced distance learning for patients with myopia
Authors: Boieva Yuliia , Bezditko Pavlo , Sinichenko Elena , Shelenkova Anastasia , Honchar Elena 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: to evaluate and confirm the rate of progression of myopia of various degrees in school‐age children (patients – PT) on enhanced distance learning.Methods: 49 PT (98 eyes) participated in the study with low myopia−0.5−3 D, moderate −3−6 D and high myopia > −6 D aged from 9 to 15 years were included in the examination. The control group (I group) included 20 PT, in the studied group (II group) – 29 PT. In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, the axial length (AL) of the eye was measured and static retinoscopy (RS) was performed. Control indicators was visual acuity (VA), AL and RS. The exclusion criteria: PT with systemic diseases, myopia greater than 9.0D, strabismus and amblyopia, PT with corrective night lens. PT of the II group were on forced distance learning for 2.5 years and spent an average of 8 hours a day on monitors. PT of the I group were in full‐time education for 2.5 years and spent an average of 4 hours a day on monitors. Patients of 2 groups used correct optical correction (glasses or microcontact lenses) during the studied period. Control indicators were assessed at the first visit, after 3 months, 12 months, 24 months.Results: negative dynamics were noted in groups I and II for all 3 control indicators, but with different values. The average indicative of VA decreased by 0.29 ± 0.05, AL increased by 0.81 ± 0.04mm, the RS increased by 1.41 ± 0.02 D (p < 0.05). The I group: VA decreased by 0.25 ± 0.08, AL increased by 0.38 ± 0.05mm, the RS increased by 0.73 ± 0.05 D (p < 0.05).A significant increase in indicators in II group was observed in patients with low 31.03% (9 PT) and moderate 44.82% (13 PT) myopia. In 26.31% (5 PT) of the control group, the indicators remained without significant changes.Conclusions: forced long‐term visual load during schooling in school‐age children significantly accelerates the progression of myopia and contributes to its primary occurrence.
Is there a common factor for vision?
Authors: Herzog Michael , Garobbio Simona , Pfau Maximilian , Scholl Hendrik 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Eye diseases are implicitly assumed to affect vision generally. However, only visual acuity and contrast sensitivity are usually measured to determine perceptual deficits. What about orientation and motion perception?Methods: To address these questions, we first conducted 19 visual tests, including visual acuity (determined by Landolt Cs and verniers), various motion tests, etc., in a large sample of 104 young and 92 older healthy participants. Second, we investigated 50 patients with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and 49 age matched controls, administering a battery of six perceptual tests. In addition, OCT images of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve were recorded.Results: Surprisingly, in the young and old healthy population, the tests correlated only weakly, and the factor structure was rather flat. Hence, single eye tests tell very little about vision in the healthy population. What about disease? AMD patients were impaired in all perceptual tests compared to age matched controls, except for motion perception. Detailed OCT analysis and retinal layer segmentation showed that the thickness of the retinal pigment epithelium drusen complex (RPEDC) determines deficits most strongly (r = 0.40). We found moderate correlations between the tests, which we attribute to the thickness of the RPEDC layer. However, motion perception was independent of RPEDC thickness, suggesting that AMD does not affect all visual abilities equally.Conclusions: Our results show the need to investigate healthy and clinical vision with batteries of tests rather than with a single contrast or spatial acuity measure.
Adaptive optics fundus images: Automatic vs manual vessel segmentation
Authors: Bernardes Rui , Jordão João , Rodrigues Sérgio , Domingues Joana , Serranho Pedro , Guimarães Pedro 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: This work aims to assess the performance of an automatic method for segmenting the lumen of retinal arterioles from adaptive optics (AO) high‐resolution fundus images in comparison to manual segmentation and its potential impact on the determination of the neurovascular coupling (NVC) response.Methods: A total of 944 fundus images (4x4 degrees) within the macular region were acquired from 30 healthy adults (age (m+/‐sd): 33.7+/‐11.2 yrs.) and 15 type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients (36.3+/‐13.3 yrs.), gender and imaged eye balanced by group, using the rtx1 AO camera (ImagineEyes, Orsay, France). Manual segmentations were performed by an experienced technician and assessed by an experienced retina specialist, and the average lumen diameter over a vessel segment was determined.The automatic method first identifies the vessel axis using a low‐pass filter followed by morphological operations. Images are Gabor filtered, and lumen‐wall interfaces are detected by analyzing intensity profiles perpendicular to the vessel axis. Candidate locations are kept or removed based on vessel curvature smoothness and the vessel wall's parallelism. Local polynomial fits establish final lumen‐wall interfaces, and the lumen diameter is determined by their distance as measured perpendicularly to the vessel axis.Results: The absolute value of the relative error (AVRE) (%) between methods was assessed, and outliers were determined based on their distribution, of which 89% (838/944) were inliers. Furthermore, all images for the same subject presented a systematic (positive or negative) difference uncorrelated to the lumen diameter (r = ‐0.17). The AVRE ranged from 0.0% to 6.3%, with an average of 1.8% (Q1: 0.9, Q2: 1.8, Q3: 3.1).Conclusions: Achieved results show a consistent difference between manual and automatic segmentations, which might be explained by the difficulty in visually determining the exact interface location over grayscale images. However, these results show that no impact is expected in determining NVC response.
Retinal image quality with myopia control lenses, in the synthetic accommodative wavefront model
Authors: García Maria Mechó , Fernandes Paulo , Faria‐Ribeiro Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Current myopia control contact lenses (CLs) are based on multifocality designs that affect decrease retinal image quality (RIQ). This study aimed to evaluate the changes in RIQ and accommodative response (AR) with two myopia control CLs.Methods: 100 synthetic eyes were generated using anc accommodative wavefront model to simulate the changes in RIQ with accommodation. The synthetic eyes were “fitted”, using direct wavefront summation, with two myopia control CLs: the MiSight with +2.00D treatment zones and the Mylo with an EDOF design. Peak image quality was calculated for the naked eye and with CLs, in the relaxed state and a target vergence of 40 cm, with an entrance pupil diameter of 4.28 mm. Additionally, the AR that maximizes RIQ was calculated.Results: The mean RIQ [ranged from 0 to 1] for the relaxed eye was 0.42 ± 0.10 without a CLs. It halved to 0.26 ± 0.05 with the Misight and reduced by threefold to 0.15 ± 0.04 with the Mylo. For 40cm the RIQ was 0.34 ± 0.09 without a CL, 0.24 ± 0.07 with the Misight and 0.19 ± 0.03 with the Mylo.For target vergences with demands close the effective add power of the CL, the accommodative RIQ through‐focus produced a second peak prior to the maximum peak, correspondent to the focusing power of the treatment zones1, yielding a RIQ of 0.08 ± 0.03 and 0.12 ± 0.04 for the Misight and Mylo, respectively. The AR without CL was 2.33 ± 0.20 D, 1.75 ± 0.22 D and 1.75 ± 0.22 D with the Misight and the Mylo, respectively.Conclusions: Both myopia control CLs reduced the RIQ in the relaxed and accommodated states. For 40 cm, both CLs induce a secondary peak in the RIQ through‐focus. With Mylo, the secondary peak appeared less than 0.1D from the maximum peak, possibly due to its EDOF design. The AR was reduced with both CLs 0.58 D (lag) compared to the naked eye condition. These results indicate that, both lenses impose significant limitations RIQ and AR.References: Faria‐Ribeiro M, Amorim‐de‐Sousa A, González‐Méijome JM. Predicted accommodative response from image quality in young eyes fitted with different dual‐focus designs. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2018; 38(3): 309–16.
Repeatability of pentacam AXL in determining axial length and ocular indices in people with irregular cornea
Authors: Yekta Abbas Ali , Irandoust Nilufar , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Hashemi Hasan , Heravian Javad , Ehsaei Asieh , Yekta Yeganeh , Sardari Sara , Yekta Reihaneh 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To determine the repeatability of Pentacam AXL in determining ocular axial length and some corneal indices in people with irregular corneas.Methods: Ocular biometry using Pentacam AXL underwent in this study. The Pentacam AXL measurements were done 3 times 10‐minutes apart. To evaluate the repeatability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), were calculated.Results: In this study, 141 eyes of 141 individuals with irregular cornea aged 60 to 91 years (64 ± 15.7) were included. The ICC of axial length, flat keratometry, steep keratometry, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness and corneal diameter measurements were 0.957, 0.981, 0.989, 0.980, 0.923 and 0.981 respectively. In cases with long axial length (>24.5mm) the ICC of axial length, flat keratometry, steep keratometry, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness and corneal diameter measurements were 0.427, 0.946, 0.993, 0.988, 0.861 and 0.989 respectively.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that generally Pentacam AXL has a high repeatability in measuring the axial length and some corneal indices of the eye in irregular corneas. However, it should be note that Pentacam AXL has no repeatability in irregular corneas with long axial length.
Personalized approach for laser posterior capsulotomy in patients with open‐angle glaucoma and non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Gogichaishvili Nino , Rabadanova Madina , Kazantseva Angelina 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the Visual Acuity Test, Autorefractometry, Pneumotonometry, Bio‐ophthalmoscopy, B‐scanning after the YAG laser Posterior Capsulotomy in patients with Open‐Angle Glaucoma and Non‐proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.Methods: A Retrospective Cohort Study was conducted in 45 patients with OAG and NPDR. After the standard ophthalmological examination, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 26 patients (18 women and 8 men) with OAG, average age was 68.4 ± 5 years, group 2 included 19 patients (12 men and 7 women) with NPDP, the average age was 73.8 ± 4 years. Taking into account the international protocol, all patients underwent laser capsulotomy of the posterior capsule using an Ocular Abraham Capsulotomy Lens. In patients of the first group, laser capsulotomy was performed with a power of 2‐3 mJ, laser hole – 2 mm, in patients of the second group – with a power of 1‐1.5 mJ, laser hole – 2 mm.Results: After the Laser Capsulotomy in patients of the first group there was a significant positive change in Visual Field Test: increased from 0.44 to 0.97 and in patients of the second group increased from 0.33 to 0.62. At the same time, the level of IOP remained stable: in patients of the first group before laser capsulotomy, the IOP was 19.9 ± 2.4 mm Hg, after surgery – 20.3 ± 2.4 mm Hg., in patients of the second group before laser surgery – 17.2 ± 1.4 mm Hg., after laser surgery ‐17.8 ± 2.7 mm Hg.Conclusions: After the laser capsulotomy, in the patients of the group 1 with OAG (26 patients), visual acuity significantly increased by 53.2%, in the group 2 (19 patients) – by 45.4%. The IOP level and B‐scanning results after the laser capsulotomy practically did not change and remained stable. It has been established that a personalized approach to laser capsulotomy allows one to avoid a number of complications at different stages of the operation and in the postoperative period.
Actual lens position of three intraocular lenses in highly myopic eyes: An ultrasound biomicroscopy‐based study
Authors: Qi Jiao , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To evaluate the actual lens positions (ALPs) of three intraocular lenses (IOLs) in highly myopic eyes and to identify relevant factors using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).Methods: Ninety‐three highly myopic eyes (93 patients) that underwent uneventful cataract surgery were included: 36 eyes were implanted with Zeiss 409MP IOLs, 27 with Rayner 920H IOLs, and 30 with HumanOptics MCX11 IOLs. The prediction error (PE), ALP determined by UBM, and the factors associated with ALP at 3 months after surgery were evaluated.Results: The eyes in the MCX11 IOL group had a more hyperopic PE (0.67 ± 0.45 diopters [D]) and greater ALP (4.86 ± 0.39 mm) than those in the 409MP and 920H IOL groups at 3 months after surgery (PE: −0.25 ± 0.54 and −0.16 ± 0.65 D, respectively; ALP: 4.34 ± 0.26 and 4.14 ± 0.32 mm, respectively). The MCX11 IOLs showed more backward bending deformation after surgery than 409MP and 920H IOLs. The radius of curvature of the IOL was negatively correlated with ALP (r = −0.532, p = 0.002) in the MCX11 IOL group, but not in the other two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that MCX11 IOLs were more prone to bending in highly myopic eyes with a smaller anterior capsular opening (β = 0.236, p = 0.023) and lower implanted power (β = 0.542, p = 0.001).Conclusions: In highly myopic eyes, IOLs with good capsular support show less backward bending, which result in a more stable lens position and refractive status postoperatively. Severe capsular contraction and low implanted power are risk factors for bending of certain IOLs.
The effect of peri‐ and preoperative anxiety on cardio‐vascular parameters and intraocular pressure of patients awaiting cataract surgery
Authors: Dimitrova Galina , Gjorgjiovska Ana , Ljubic Antonela , Jordanovska Sofija Milanovska 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To evaluate peri‐ and preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for cataract surgery and its effect and correlation with cardio‐vascular parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods: Thirty patients scheduled for cataract surgery were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were any previous ocular surgery on both eyes, glaucoma and any sign of acute or chronic ocular inflammation. In addition to the general ophthalmic examination at the initial evaluation patients were asked to define their level of anxiety using a visual facial anxiety scale (VFAS). Systemic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured using an automated brachial sphygmomanometer and IOP was measured using an air‐puff tonometer. Mean of three measurements was calculated for both BP, HR and IOP. VFAS, BP, HR and IOP measurements were repeated on the day of surgery. T test was used to compare the peri‐ and preoperative parameters and Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to study correlation between VFAS, BP, HR and IOP.Results: The mean level of anxiety according to patients’ self‐evaluation was mild to moderate both at the peri‐ and at the preoperative day. The cardio‐vascular parameters and IOP were not significantly different at the peri‐ and preoperative days. IOP was significantly correlated to HR in the perioperative period (R = 0.62, p < 0.001), whereas in the pre‐operative day it was significantly correlated with systolic BP (R = 0.47, p = 0.009) and with level of anxiety (R = 0.29, p = 0.04). Patients with moderate to high levels of anxiety (grades 3‐5) had significantly higher IOP (17.06 ± 1.69 mmHg) than patients with none to mild/moderate anxiety (grades 0‐2) (14.74 ± 2.41 mmHg; p = 0.006).Conclusions: Systemic cardio‐vascular parameters are correlated with IOP and the level of anxiety in patients scheduled for cataract surgery. IOP is higher in patients with higher degrees of anxiety.
The importance of adequate preparation of the ocular surface before biometry in reducing refractive errors in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Biela Katarzyna , Winiarczyk Mateusz , Mackiewicz Jerzy 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To evaluate the impact of dry eye disease (DED) on refractive errors in patients after cataract surgery.Methods: Fifty patients undergoing cataract surgery were studied. Two study groups and a control group were distinguished. The first study group (group A, n = 22, 44%) were patients with preoperatively diagnosed DED who received appropriate treatment (eyelid margin hygiene and moisturizing the ocular surface). The second study group (group B, n = 14, 28%) were patients in whom such treatment was also implemented, despite the lack of a diagnosis of DED. The remaining patients (n = 14, 28%) were the control group (Group C). Biometric measurements with calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power were performed twice in all of them (before and after treatment of DED). Refraction and refractive errors were evaluated one month after surgery.Results: Significant improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was obtained in all groups after surgical treatment. In both study groups, a significant reduction in the mean absolute error (MAE) after the treatment was achieved – in study group A, the MAE was 0.37 ± 0.30 D vs 0.24 ± 0.33 D, p = 0.003. In study group B, MAE was 0.29 ± 0.26 D vs 0.23 ± 0.23 D, p = 0.017. The control group showed no difference in MAE (0.27 ± 0.18D vs 0.33 ± 0.21 D, p = 0.322). In study group A, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of MAE in the ± 0.25 D range (36.36% vs 77.27%, p = 0.016). The results are comparable with previous publications.Conclusions: Diagnosis and treatment of dry eye syndrome before cataract surgery is an important factor in reducing refractive errors after surgery. The use of lubricating drops and eyelid margin hygiene before biometry can be considered for all patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Clinical impact of intraocular lens tilt and decentration on visual outcome in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Rodríguez Laura Moreno , Tielas Lourdes Salgueiro , Sánchez‐Lozano Azahara , García‐Onrubia Luis , Velarde‐Rodríguez Gonzalo , Faria‐Ribeiro Miguel Ángel , Alejandre‐Alba Nicolás 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To study the association between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and tilt and decentration of Clareon intraocular lenses (IOL) (CNA0T0). Additionally, to evaluate the best corrected visual acuity for intermediate distance (BCVA‐ID), the kappa angle represented as the distance of the Mu chord (CMu), the white‐to‐white distance (WTW), axial length (AL), and capsulorhexis characteristics.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted including both eyes of a total of 111 patients. BCVA and BCVA‐ID (60cm) were expressed in LogMAR. Photographs were taken to assess the circularity, area, and principal radii of the capsulorhexis. The tilt and decentration of the IOL, as well as the WTW distance, were measured with anterior segment OCT (CASIA II). AL and CMu were evaluated with the IOL Master 700 biometer.Results: The median monocular and binocular BCVA were 0.00 [IQR 0.05] and ‐0.02 [0.1], respectively, while the median BCVA‐ID was 0.6 [0.06] and 0.49 [0.06]. The median IOL tilt was 5.30 [1.50], with a decentration of 0.23 [0.17]. The median WTW distance was 11.82 [0.53], the median CMu was 0.35 [0.21], and the capsulorhexis circularity was 93.7 [6] %.In the correlation analysis, no significant association was observed between IOL tilt and BCVA (r = 0.03 p = 0.63); however, there was a significant association with BCVA‐ID (r = ‐0.16 p = 0.01). None of the other variables showed correlation, except for IOL tilt and CMu (r = 0.20 p < 0.001) and AL (r = ‐0.35 p < 0.001).Conclusions: IOL tilt is not correlated with best corrected visual acuity for distance, although it is correlated with intermediate distance visual acuity. The measured values of tilt and decentration are low, suggesting good postoperative stability of the intraocular lens.Study partially supported by an Investigator Initiated Trial Grant from Alcon (#78232309).
Quantifiying epithelial cell viability on whole porcine lenses using triple hoechst‐ethidium‐calcein‐am staining in a chemical toxicity model
Authors: Poinard Sylvain , Coulomb Louise , Chapelon Gabriel , Cortez Oliver Dorado , Thomas Justin , He Zhiguo , Perrache Chantal , Ganeau Alice , Forest Fabien , Mascarelli Frederic , Gain Philippe , Thuret Gilles 
Published: January 2025

Aim: Establishing an ex vivo model of the crystalline lens will be a driving force for further research on this tissue. The epithelium plays an essential role in maintaining osmolarity, volume, and lens transparency. Therefore, it is crucial to have a tool to control the lens epithelium ex vivo. We have previously validated a method for quantifying epithelial cell viability on whole lenses ex vivo by triple labeling with Hoechst 33342, ethidium homodimer and calcein‐AM (HEC) using a model of acute frostbite necrosis. We now demonstrate the application of this triple labeling to a model of chemical toxicity by Staurosporine (STS) which induces cell death scattered all over the epithelial surface with a mild severity.Methods: Ten fresh pairs of 6‐month‐old porcine lens were retrieved. On one lens, a diffuse epithelial lesion was induced by an incubation in STS solution (0.5 μM in CorneaMax, Eurobio) during 24 hours at 37°C. The other was incubated in CorneaMax solution without STS in the same conditions. The day after, both were incubated for 1 hour at 20°C in a HEC mixture. Images were acquired with a macroscope (macro zoom microscope) and analyzed with ImageJ. Calcein‐AM and Ethidium images were used to calculate the area covered by living epithelial cells. Hoescht images allowed to count cell nuclei per unit area. Viable epithelial cell density (vEpCD) was defined as the number of viable cells per unit area. Different strategies were developed to reduce the background noise.Results: There was no interfering lens auto‐fluorescence for the exposure times used. The median vEpCD was 3804 cells/mm2 [10th‐90th percentiles = 2922 – 4862] for STS treated‐lenses versus 3896 cells/mm2 [3169 ‐4980] for control lenses (p = 0.002).Conclusion: The assessment of lens epithelial cell viability has been proposed only in cell culture or isolated capsule models. Thanks to a simple sample preparation, triple HEC staining allows fluorescence imaging on large series of whole lens in order to respect the architecture of the epithelium. This STS model induces a subtle change in mortality, confirming the sensitivity of the technique and its use for cytotoxicity studies of new therapeutics targeting the lens.References
Mechanisms of staurosporine induced apoptosis in a human corneal endothelial cell line. Thuret G & al. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003