bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Folktron
Authors: Draganova Asya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As Bulgarian popular music strives for distinctiveness within the global cultural field, folklore has taken on a central position as a source of inspiration. The incorporation of folkloristic references—presented subtly or as central motifs—can be observed across commercial genres such as pop-folk as well as within areas of music experimentation in styles like electronica, jazz, and rock. This chapter draws upon open-ended interviews with musicians and industry figures, textual analyses, and a range of ethnographic observations. It interprets the use of folklore elements in Bulgarian popular music in relation to Bulgaria’s “crossroad” position between the imagined constructs of “East” and “West” as well as the notion of Balkanism: a concept akin to orientalism, which refers to a set of inferiority stereotypes. The chapter suggests that the use of folklore elements can result in both trivialization and innovation and that drawing upon folklore tradition comes with significant cultural responsibilities.
Jorge Luis Borges and the Interview as Theater
Authors: Hanson Cody C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Jorge Luis Borges was interviewed hundreds of times and whereas interviews are generally thought to be nonfiction, a few critics have recognized the literary and performative qualities of his interviews. This chapter theorizes that interviews with Borges are best understood as theatrical performances akin to Readers Theater and the Theater of the Absurd. Borges’s performance in interviews is comparable to Readers Theater in that he and his interlocutors perform scripted dialogue for public consumption. Their interactions often devolve into a type of spontaneous literary production similar to the Theater of the Absurd, in which two characters entangle themselves in (meaningless) dialogue full of wordplay, humor, clichés, tired tropes, and recurring ideas.
Approaching Religious Authority Through the Rise of New Leadership Roles Online
Authors: Campbell Heidi A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship and understanding of religious authority as it is conceived and enacted by traditional and new forms of religious leadership emerging in the digital age. The term religious digital creatives is used to describe this new class of religious authorities, which have gained public influence on online platforms by their strategic use of digital media. Religious digital creatives rise to position of influence not through traditional forms of leadership selection, training or religious expertise, but through their digital and communication skill sets. Their rise and presence challenges to traditional views of who, as well as what structures, hold authority in contemporary religious communities and organization. Overall, this chapter presents an in-depth understanding of how religious authority roles approached within media studies and digital religion studies, and suggests the importance of considering the new ways religious authority is enacted by actors in digital media environments.
Obligations and Economic and Social Rights
Authors: Sen Amartya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This entry provides a shortened restatement of Amartya Sen’s influential presentation of a theory of human rights. Professor Sen’s arguments about human freedom, which includes human capabilities, has enormous resonance for understanding the importance, scope, and pathways for implementation, of economic and social rights. In this entry, Professor Sen argues that human rights are best understood as pronouncements in social ethics, sustainable by open public reasoning. He draws on historical examples to show that rights are often reflected in, or designed for, a legal framework. And yet such examples also indicate the importance of human rights outside of that framework. The public recognition, agitation, and monitoring of these ethical demands help sustain their obligatory character. Professor Sen also draws out the distinction between the perfect and imperfect obligations that correspond to human rights. Understanding the role of imperfect obligations is particularly important for understanding the realization of economic and social rights. Where imperfect, such obligations ground a firm duty to reasonably consider undertaking actions which can defend or promote the relevant freedom, both in process and opportunity terms. As Professor Sen claims, obligations place implicit and explicit pressure on all who are in a plausible position to prevent the violation of economic and social rights.
Vernon Lee, Influenced and Influencer
Authors: Blackburn-Daniels Sally 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Violet Paget adopted the pseudonym “Vernon Lee” in an attempt to leave her gender undecided in the reader’s mind. As she explained to her mentor Camilla Jenkin on December 18, 1878, she felt that “no one reads a woman’s writing on art, history or aesthetics with anything but unmitigated contempt.” Yet despite being “outed” as Paget by Fraser’s Magazine that same year, Lee became a key figure in the philosophical and psychological debates around aesthetics. This chapter charts Lee’s aesthetic entanglement and argues that a sense of collaboration and comradeship was integral to her work within the discipline. Evidence from her oeuvre presents Lee as both influenced and influencer: absorbing A. Mary F. Robinson’s guidance in the philosophy of beauty and developing a queer contemplation of art with partner Clementina (“Kit”) Anstruther-Thomson in Beauty and Ugliness.
Literature as Philosophy
Authors: Fessenbecker Patrick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The great Victorian novelist George Eliot has long been recognized as a major intellectual, and to that extent, the idea that she needs to be or even could be rediscovered in the fashion of many other writers seems odd. Yet because of the disciplinary history that has placed studies of George Eliot primarily in literature departments, there is a kind of philosophical writing about her work that is surprisingly rare: straightforward rational reconstructions that explain her views and her reasons for holding them as charitably as possible. The absence of this scholarship is particularly striking with regard to her theory of sympathy, where philosophical writing has more or less ignored the sophisticated approach that literary criticism has developed for understanding the moral psychology of the distinctive sympathy exemplified by Eliot’s narrators. To that extent, there is perhaps a way in which philosophy has not yet really discovered Eliot’s moral philosophy.
Feminism and Women’s Rights in Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Smith Janet 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter charts the changes, continuities, and diversity of nineteenth-century feminism in Britain using the work of the political and social reformer Helen Taylor as a prism. The terms feminist and feminism are employed, although neither was in use until the 1890s. Taylor’s promotion of women’s rights across a wide spectrum of political organizations, social movements, and areas—suffrage, education, employment, family life, sexuality—reveals dominant and recessive trends, developments, and conflicts within feminist ideology. The classic relational feminism of Taylor’s early life, which mostly demanded rights based on women’s innate difference and their moral superiority as wives and mothers, was challenged toward the end of the century by individualist feminism. Women began to demand, as a human right, an independent life not restricted to family relationships. Younger feminist socialists challenged the bourgeois feminism of their elders. Examining Taylor’s political campaigning shows that feminism was disparate, even among the white, middle-class groups that are the focus of the chapter. An anti-imperial feminism existed alongside the dominant imperial feminism of the mainstream British women’s rights movement. Differences in feminist ideology emerged at the intersection of class, national identity, and political affiliation, making it more accurate to talk, not of nineteenth-century feminism, but of feminisms in the plural.
Suffrage as Philosophy
Authors: Chernock Arianne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Suffragists often get treated as theorists or practitioners. Many, however, were both. This chapter examines the centrality of theory, broadly construed, to suffragist and suffragette activity. Specifically, it considers the ways in which philosophy animated British suffragism. For while most women suffragists would not have defined themselves as philosophers (a label they often reserved for men, such as John Stuart Mill), they, too, explored and expanded on arguments that stretched back to the Enlightenment, if not earlier. The chapter highlights some of the arguments they made, including those regarding natural rights and the shared capacity to reason, the uses of history, the relationship between property and citizenship, and sexual difference and the place of women. In doing so, it seeks to (a) place women at the center of intellectual histories of the suffrage movement and (b) stress some of the ideational continuities within the suffrage movement (even as different generations and organizations privileged different concepts and strategies).
Harriet Martineau and the Empire Question
Authors: Logan Deborah A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Harriet Martineau was a prolific nineteenth-century intellectual and writer, a “popularizer” of political economy, a founder of sociological methodology, and “the first and greatest” woman journalist, historian, and social reformer. During her half-century career, she produced more than two thousand periodical articles and hundreds of volumes, in fiction and nonfiction genres; she was exceptionally well-traveled, with extended journeys to the United States, Ireland, and the Middle East; and she had a prodigious circle of correspondents, friends, and professional associates that included many of the era’s best-known intellectual and political figures. Martineau’s writing offers authoritative, intellectually informed, and liberal-minded commentary on the pressing topics and issues of the period. Her prediction that subsequent generations will inherit the dubious fruits of imperialism in often unimaginable ways is one we continue to navigate in the twenty-first century.
Aligned with Whom?
Authors: Korinek Anton , Balwit Avital 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more powerful and widespread, the AI alignment problem—how to ensure that AI systems pursue the goals that we want them to pursue—has garnered growing attention. This chapter distinguishes two types of alignment problems depending on whose goals we consider, and analyzes the different solutions necessitated by each. The direct alignment problem considers whether an AI system accomplishes the goals of the entity operating it. In contrast, the social alignment problem considers the effects of an AI system on larger groups or on society more broadly. In particular, it also considers whether the system imposes externalities on others. Whereas solutions to the direct alignment problem typically center around more robust implementation, social alignment problems typically arise because of conflicts between individual- and group-level goals, elevating the importance of AI governance to mediate such conflicts. Addressing the social alignment problem requires both enforcing existing norms on their developers and operators and designing new norms that apply directly to AI systems.
Bengal from Both Sides
Authors: Anam Nasia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter contrasts literary depictions of partitioned Bengal from opposing perspectives: of East Bengali Hindus migrating to Indian West Bengal in Amitav Ghosh’s celebrated novel The Shadow Lines (1988) and of West Bengali Muslims migrating to Pakistani East Bengal in Mahmudul Haque’s Kalo Borof (1977, translated as Black Ice). Both novels portray the complex, mutable parameters of religious, linguistic, national, and regional allegiances for those who lost and gained new homelands by migrating from East to West Bengal and vice versa across the Bengal border, itself thrice drawn during the 20th century. The Shadow Lines centers on an uprooted, upper-caste family’s negotiations of belonging and identity after Partition, complicated further by a seemingly inexplicable and mortal act of aggression between West Bengali Hindus and East Bengali Muslims. Ghosh emphasizes the “mysterious” nature of sectarian violence in the novel by rendering his Muslim characters irrational and illegible. By contrast, Haque shows how large-scale aggression between Bengali Hindus and Muslims have been perpetuated by small acts of violence accrued over hundreds of years of colonial divide-and-rule policies. By granting his characters rich interiority, Haque troubles prominent 20th-century portrayals of East Bengali Muslims as voiceless and inscrutable in canonical West Bengali writing, from Rabindranath Tagore to Ghosh. Placing these texts in conversation highlights how emphasizing Indian Bengali representations of 1947 in culture and scholarship effectively erases the experience of East Bengalis/East Pakistanis/Bangladeshis from the archive of Partition’s manifold legacies—an indispensable perspective without which understandings of postcolonial South Asia remain profoundly incomplete.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF VON HIPPEL–LINDAU DISEASE–ASSOCIATED RETINAL CAPILLARY HEMANGIOBLASTOMA WITH BELZUTIFAN IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Jones Anthony A. , Schloemer Nathan J. , Wirostko William J. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
The authors describe a case of a retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH) in a pediatric patient with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) syndrome that was successfully treated with systemic belzutifan.

Methods:
The clinical course was documented with serial fundus examinations and multimodal imaging, including Optos widefield fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. A literature review was conducted to look for similar cases and/or discussion.

Results:
A left RCH was noted on a standard VHL surveillance retinal examination of a then 15-year-old male patient with VHL syndrome. Over the course of 17 months, this RCH was treated with focal laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, bevacizumab injection, and endolaser ablation. Complications of these treatments included subretinal fluid and vitreomacular traction necessitating laser retinopexy, scleral buckle, and pars plana vitrectomy with membrane stripping. After a 6-month interval from the last local therapy (endolaser treatment), there was minimal regression of the lesion, and many concerning features persisted. At 22 months from presentation, the patient started belzutifan 120 mg PO daily with subsequent regression in size and less perfusion to the hemangioblastoma within 4 months. The patient is tolerating the systemic belzutifan with only the expected normocytic anemia and has not required transfusion therapy after 12 months of treatment.

Conclusion:
von Hippel-Lindau disease is a rare and serious condition associated with multiple types of benign and malignant tumors. Belzutifan is tolerated in the adolescent population and can provide a systemic treatment alternative for VHL-associated RCH.
Subcortical brain anatomy as a potential biomarker of persistent pain after total knee replacement in osteoarthritis
Authors: Barroso Joana , Branco Paulo , Pinto-Ramos João , Vigotsky Andrew D. , Reis Ana Mafalda , Schnitzer Thomas J. , Galhardo Vasco , Apkarian A. Vania 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The neural mechanisms for the persistence of pain after a technically successful arthroplasty in osteoarthritis (OA) remain minimally studied, and direct evidence of the brain as a predisposing factor for pain chronicity in this setting has not been investigated. We undertook this study as a first effort to identify presurgical brain and clinical markers of postarthroplasty pain in knee OA. Patients with knee OA (n = 81) awaiting total arthroplasty underwent clinical and psychological assessment and brain magnetic resonance imagining. Postoperative pain scores were measured at 6 months after surgery. Brain subcortical anatomic properties (volume and shape) and clinical indices were studied as determinants of postoperative pain. We show that presurgical subcortical volumes (bilateral amygdala, thalamus, and left hippocampus), together with shape deformations of the right anterior hippocampus and right amygdala, associate with pain persistence 6 months after surgery in OA. Longer pain duration, higher levels of presurgical anxiety, and the neuropathic character of pain were also prognostic of postsurgical pain outcome. Brain and clinical indices accounted for unique influences on postoperative pain. Our study demonstrates the presence of presurgical subcortical brain factors that relate to postsurgical persistence of OA pain. These preliminary results challenge the current dominant view that mechanisms of OA pain predominantly underlie local joint mechanisms, implying novel clinical management and treatment strategies.
Biodegradable nanoparticles targeting circulating immune cells reduce central and peripheral sensitization to alleviate neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury
Authors: Saunders Michael N. , Griffin Kate V. , Kalashnikova Irina , Kolpek Daniel , Smith Dominique R. , Saito Eiji , Cummings Brian J. , Anderson Aileen J. , Shea Lonnie D. , Park Jonghyuck 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a critical source of comorbidity following spinal cord injury (SCI) that can be exacerbated by immune-mediated pathologies in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this article, we investigate whether drug-free, biodegradable, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) nanoparticle treatment mitigates the development of post-SCI neuropathic pain in female mice. Our results show that acute treatment with PLG nanoparticles following thoracic SCI significantly reduces tactile and cold hypersensitivity scores in a durable fashion. Nanoparticles primarily reduce peripheral immune-mediated mechanisms of neuropathic pain, including neuropathic pain-associated gene transcript frequency, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 nociceptor expression, and MCP-1 (CCL2) chemokine production in the subacute period after injury. Altered central neuropathic pain mechanisms during this period are limited to reduced innate immune cell cytokine expression. However, in the chronic phase of SCI, nanoparticle treatment induces changes in both central and peripheral neuropathic pain signaling, driving reductions in cytokine production and other immune-relevant markers. This research suggests that drug-free PLG nanoparticles reprogram peripheral proalgesic pathways subacutely after SCI to reduce neuropathic pain outcomes and improve chronic central pain signaling.
Comparison of upfront versus deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving systemic therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Kun-peng , He Miao , Wan Shun , Chen Si-yu , Wang Chen-yang , Li Xiao-ran , Yang Li 
Published: July 2023

Background:
This study aimed to conduct a pooled analysis to compare the outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who received presurgical systemic therapy (ST; including immunotherapy and/or targeted therapy) followed by cytoreductive nephrectomy (deferred CN; dCN) with those who underwent upfront CN (uCN) followed by ST.

Methods:
The present study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library database to identify eligible comparative studies up to April 2023. To evaluate their relevance, pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results:
A total of 3157 patients were included in nine studies. The dCN group was observed to be correlated with superior overall survival (OS) compared to the uCN group (HR=0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.89, P=0.003). Moreover, we conducted subgroup analyses according to the type of ST, sample size, gender, age, and risk score, and observed similar outcomes for OS across most subgroups.

Conclusions:
The results of this study demonstrated that dCN may be associated with improved OS compared to uCN in patients with mRCC receiving ST. However, no significant differences were found between uCN and dCN groups in the immunotherapy-based combinations subgroup. Further research is needed to confirm these results.
Organ involvement and assessment in sarcoidosis
Authors: Janssen Marlou T.H.F. , Landewé Robert B.M. , Post Marco C. , Erckens Roel J. , Mostard Rémy L.M. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
In recent years new recommendations have been published about organ assessment in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Recent findings
Screening for pulmonary, cardiac, ocular, neurologic and renal involvement and hypercalcemia is recommended in the work-up for sarcoidosis, additionally, screening for hypercalciuria at the time of the diagnosis might be beneficial.

Summary
One of the goals in the work-up of sarcoidosis is to assess the extent and severity of organ involvement. Timely and accurate assessment leads to determination of treatment indication. Screening for pulmonary involvement should include pulmonary imaging and pulmonary function tests. Screening for cardiac involvement should include a clear history including palpitations and collapse and a baseline electrocardiogram or 24-h Holter monitoring. At diagnosis, ophthalmological assessment is recommended. Furthermore, serum calcium level and serum creatinine level should be obtained. Although routine 24-h urinary calcium excretion is not included in the guidelines, performing this test routinely can be considered. On indication, neurologic, rheumatologic or dermatologic assessment can be performed.
Combatting Social Isolation, Anxiety, and Loneliness in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Keen Alyson , Deike Lauren , Haan Jaimee 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention related to social isolation and loneliness among hospitalized patients by improving: 1) social connectedness; 2) anxiety; and 3) loneliness and to evaluate experiences of the connection intervention.

BACKGROUND
Social isolation and loneliness can lead to detrimental effects on morbidity/mortality and health indices. A connection intervention was developed by investigators using key strategies to promote connectedness, providing in-person contact for hospitalized patients to meet individual and self-care needs.

METHODS
This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Midwest adult academic health center. Social connectedness, anxiety, and loneliness were evaluated at baseline and postintervention using a paired-sample t test. Experience responses were analyzed using content analysis.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences in social connectedness, anxiety, or loneliness when comparing baseline with postintervention. Experience themes included sharing personal stories back and forth, treating me as a person, mitigating loneliness, and finding benefit.

CONCLUSION
Despite nonsignificant findings, participants found benefit in filling the social void of being an inpatient. Clinicians should ensure that holistic care is delivered to hospitalized inpatients. Inclusive patient-centered strategies targeted to decrease social isolation and loneliness among acute care inpatients should continue to be developed and tested.