bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of biofertilizer on increasing upland rice yield in rainfed rice field in boyolali
Authors: Hindarwati Y , Minarsih S , Praptana R H , Supriyo A , Romdon A S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The low availability of nutrients is an obstacle to increasing rice productivity in rainfed rice fields. The application of a combination of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers was known to increase the efficiency of using inorganic fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of biofertilizers on the growth and yield of rice plants in a rainfed rice field. The study was conducted on rainfed rice fields in Banyusri Village, Wonosegoro District, Boyolali Regency from September to December 2013. A total of 6 biofertilizer products were used in this study, namely PR, RC, ST, AGR, BV and GLK. The rice variety used was Situ Patenggang. The study used a randomized block design with 9 treatments and each treatment was repeated 4 times. The nine treatments were: fertilization according to the recommendations of dry soil test device (P1); ½ dose of P1 (P2); P2 + manure (P3); P2 + PR (P4); P2 + RC (P5); P2 + ST (P6); P2+AGR (P7); P2+BV (P8); P2+GLK (P9). Planting using a 2:1 jajar legowo system with a spacing of 20 x 10 x 40 cm was carried out by direct planting of 4-5 seeds per hole. Biofertilizer application is carried out according to the instructions of each product. Parameters observed included: soil chemical status (N, P, K, C-organic, pH, CEC) before the study; plant growth (plant height, number of tillers and number of productive tillers); yield (weight of harvested dry grain and dry milled); and a simple farming analysis was carried out. The results showed that all combinations of biofertilizers with ½ recommended dose were effective in increasing rice yields but they could not match the yield of rice fertilized according to the recommended dose. The combination of fertilization using GLK biofertilizer showed the highest yield compared to other biofertilizers with an advantage of 48.05% compared to ½ recommended dose of fertilization.
Analysis of changes in vegetation density with sentinel-2a image on Malino sub-watershed
Authors: Apriliandi M W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Changes in vegetation density, especially in sub-watershed areas, will continue to occur over time. This is due to increasing human activities impacting land use change. The Malino sub-watershed one part of the Jeneberang watershed, almost all located in Tinggimoncong District. Monitoring changes in vegetation density in the Malino Sub-watershed is carried out by utilizing remote sensing technology in the form of sentinel-2A imagery and using the NDVI type of vegetation index method. This study aims to determine the distribution and changes in vegetation density in the Malino Sub-watershed in 2017, 2019, and 2021. From the analysis results conducted using the NDVI vegetation index, the distribution of vegetation density in the Malino Sub-watershed is divided into four classes, namely the non- vegetation, sparse vegetation, medium vegetation, and dense vegetation. Changes in vegetation density in the Malino sub-watershed from 2017 to 2019 occurred in the dense vegetation density class of 2.21% or 192.69 ha, while the smallest occurred in the non-vegetation density class of 0.24% or 20. 97 ha. Meanwhile, the most significant change in vegetation density in the Malino sub-watershed from 2019 to 2021 occurred in the dense vegetation density class of 11.64% or 1,016.60 ha, while the smallest occurred in the non-vegetation density class of 0.12% or 10.46 ha.
Hydrological characteristics using the SWAT model on several agricultural systems in the Maros karst area
Authors: Abbas M , Achmad M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the region of karst, there are valley areas that are used by the community as agricultural land. However, drought phenomena often occur in this area, so it is necessary to know the presence of water to support agricultural processes. The aim of the research is to predict flow rates in several agricultural systems using Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT). SWAT was chosen because it can simulate the model with easy-to-obtain data. Required data such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil type, and land cover to form a Hydrology Unit Response (HRU). Enhanced with climate data input to run SWAT Run. The scenario is done with Land Use Split in the HRU Definition menu. The results showed that forest vegetation defined as FRSE and FRST stored water better than AGRR and RICE agricultural lands. However, it is different for underground flow, that RICE can store better. The scenario results show a decrease in the value of surface runoff by 15.3% and an increase in lateral flow by 26% from the existing condition. The underground flow continued to increase but was not significant at 4.2%.
Downscaling of vegetation indices from multi-satellite throughout-season maize
Authors: Habibie Muhammad Iqbal , Nurda Nety 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Phenomenology of the growing season The Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) provided by satellites was employed as a replacement for quantifying the output of vegetative biomass. The MODIS sensors 250-m data have been utilized for terrestrial ecosystem modelling and monitoring. MODIS’s land surface data are credible and trustworthy because to their high temporal resolution and broad spectrum of wavelengths. Land cover and land change studies have used the spatially accurate data provided by the Landsat 30m to characterize human-scale processes. Sentinel-2 is a land surveillance satellite with innovative spectrum capabilities, extensive coverage, and excellent spatial and temporal resolutions. The primary purpose of this work is to create a downscaling vegetation indices (VI) database by combining MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel data into 250m resolution. The most important NDVI indicates the maize growing season in April and August. MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel 250m derived biophysical information deliver the same biophysical information for moderate-scale biological aspects. This multi-sensor inquiry also includes high-resolution Landsat data, which will be useful for local ecological investigations while keeping the full seasonal dynamic information given by MODIS.
The identification of pests and diseases of rice plants using sentinel-2 satellite imagery data at the end of the vegetative stage
Authors: Ainunnisa I , Haerani H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One of the factors that affect production yield of cultivation crops, including rice plants, is pest/disease attacks. Various types of pests/diseases are often found in rice cultivation such as rats, stem borers and rice leaf folders. The damage caused by these pests/diseases can lead to production decreases and crop failure. To prevent an increase in pest infestation, monitoring can be carried out by employing remote sensing technologies such as Sentinel 2 satellite imagery. The identification of rice plant pests/diseases can be done using Vegetation Indices such as NDVI and NDRE, due to their sensitivity to plant chlorophyll. The purpose of this study was to identify infected pest and disease of rice plants in paddy fields by using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The methods of this study were spatial analysis and simple linear regression analysis, by looking at the relation between Vegetation Indices and rice productivity. The research results showed that based on the low value of NDVI and NDRE at the end of vegetative stage, some of rice fields were infected with pests and diseases. From field observation, it was found that the pests and diseases included rats, rice leaf folders, borers and blasts. Pests/diseases infestation in paddy fields lead to a low Vegetation Index value which results in low rice production. Comparing the NDVI and NDRE, NDRE was better in detecting pests and diseases due to its sensitivity to the plants’ chlorophyll.
Evaluation of smart farm training for extension officers to support digitalizing era
Authors: Kresna Andi B , Hanifa Arini P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Smart farming is an agricultural concept based on precision agriculture. It utilizes technology automation supported by big data management, machine learning or artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things to improve the quality and quantity of agricultural production. In its implementation, extension workers play a vital role as the vanguard of this program escort. Therefore, increasing the capacity of extension workers in smart farming is very necessary. This paper evaluated several aspects of smart farming training for extension workers. This paper uses secondary data from the evaluation form of 30 participants collected from Batangkaluku Agricultural Training Centre. Results showed that male extension officers dominated the training participants (70%). The subjects/training modules can be mastered by participants with scores>3.4 out of 5. The training can increase participants’ comprehension of the material up to 2.75x higher. The satisfaction level was above 4 out of 5. The findings can help the organizing committee in improving related aspects. Increased capacity building of agriculture extension officers by such training was expected to overcome the gap in the information of technology innovation from researchers to farmers.
Effect of differences preheating temperatures on the functional and physical properties of soy protein concentrate
Authors: Fetriyuna  , Lutfiah Salma Dwina , Indiarto Rossi , Yudha Eka Purna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Soy protein is widely used in the food industry due to its nutritional value as well as its functional and physical properties, which form the sensory characteristics of food. With thermal process, the functional and physical properties of native soy protein can result the texture of food products becoming excessive. This has a negative impact on the sensory characteristics of food products with high concentrations of soy protein. The functional and physical properties of soy protein can be modified using the preheating method by controlling the protein aggregation behavior through the temperature setting used. Thus, this study aims to observe the effect of differences in preheating temperature on the functional and physical properties of soy protein concentrate. Soy protein was observed in the form of soy protein concentrate. Preheating was carried out at 70, 80 and 90°C with a protein concentration of 6% (w/v). The functional and physical properties observed were solubility, gel-forming capacity, voluminosity, microstructure, and protein digestibility. The results showed that the preheating of soy protein concentrate had a significant effect on solubility, gelling capacity, voluminosity, and protein digestibility. However, the difference in preheating temperature did not have a significant effect on the voluminosity and microstructure of the soy protein concentrate.
Comparative investigation on the nutritional value of fresh coffee pulp, cascara powder, and cascara sap from arabica, robusta, and liberica coffee
Authors: Romauli N D M , Siahaan F T K , Sagala M , Sihombing H V , Ambarita H , Manurung H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Coffee is one of the superior plants in North Sumatra, where the types of coffee cultivated are arabica coffee (Coffea arabica), robusta coffee (Coffea canephora), and liberica coffee (Coffea liberica). Coffee pulps (cascara) are a solid waste from coffee that can still be utilized because of their nutritional content. This study aims to determine the characterization and nutritional value of three types of fresh coffee pulps and the cascara after being processed into cascara powder and cascara sap. Water content, ash content, fat content, crude fiber, soluble dietary fiber, and insoluble dietary fiber, color measurement (L*,a* and b*), antioxidant activity using the DPPH and total microbe was carried out. Based on the results of the study, liberica coffee has a bigger size (diameter, length, and thickness of the skin), as well as a greater density than arabica coffee and robusta coffee. The nutritional result shows that cascara robusta sap has higher soluble dietary fiber value than cascara Arabica sap and cascara liberica sap. Cascara powder gave higher antioxidant activity and lower microbial contamination than cascara sap.
Physical quality of KUB chicken carcass supplemented with turmeric
Authors: Permadi S N , Kusnadi H , Ivanti L , Hidayat T , Puspitasari R , Ambarsari I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Public interest in kampung chicken (Ayam Kampung) must be balanced with the carcass’s quality. Providing healthy and antibiotic-free Ayam Kampung carcasses is a challenge for farmers. As a natural additive, turmeric could promote chicken growth performances. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of turmeric supplementation on the physical quality of KUB chicken carcasses. The study was conducted at the AIAT Bengkulu Postharvest Laboratory Unit from January to December 2021. About 20 KUB chickens (75 days old) were involved in this experiment. There were five treatments in this study, specifically: (1) without turmeric supplementation as control, (2) 2.5% turmeric supplementation, (3) 5% turmeric supplementation, (4) 7.5% turmeric supplementation, and (5) 10% turmeric supplementation. Each treatment was replicated four times. The observation of carcass quality included live weight, carcass weight, total carcass percentage, carcass part percentage (thighs, chest, and wings), heart weight, and abdominal fat percentage. The result showed that turmeric supplementation significantly reduced the abdominal fat of KUB chickens. However, the supplementation treatments did not influence KUB chicken’s carcass yield.
Effect of functionalization of raw materials on the quality of instant chocolate drink with sensory, physicochemical and anti-diabetic parameters
Authors: Wahyuni N I , Sanna A T , Pirman  , Yusuf M , Langkong J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The cocoa bean is a component of the cocoa pod, which is frequently used as an ingredient in foods and drinks. Numerous healthy substances, such as polyphenols, which act as antioxidants, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive agents, are found in cocoa beans. The goal of this study is to create a useful instant beverage that acts as an antidiabetic. This study involved the creation of a combined instant chocolate powder and cocoa liquid. According to the findings, the Forastero variety processed cocoa powder had the highest total polyphenol content, namely 425.179 pm 0.01 mg GAE/g and the lowest polyphenol content was owned by Kalla cocoa, namely 172.768 pm 2.93 mg GAE/g. The formulation’s overall polyphenol content ranged from 3.125 pm 1.89 to 150.446 pm 17.04 mg GAE/g. The highest inhibition percentage with the lowest IC50 value was found in the formulation A31 sample and the lowest inhibition percentage with the highest IC50 value was in the formulation B32 sample. The higher the value of the total polyphenol content of the cocoa powder sample, the higher the percentage of inhibition of alpha-amylase activity. The physicochemical analysis is carried out by measuring the color. The color change in cocoa powder is due to changes in the structure of the cocoa anthocyanin-type polyphenols during the fermentation, drying and roasting processes. The sensory analysis of the ranking method showed the best formulations of B23 and B33, according to the panelists.
Thin layer drying model of local rice grain Siam mutiara variety from tidal swamp land in South Kalimantan
Authors: Darita Setiawaty Reski , Salengke  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As staple food in many countries, rice is one of the most important cultivated plant. Indonesia is the third largest rice producer in the world with annual production of 54,65 million tons. South Kalimantan province has 191,740 ha of tidal swamp land, which equivalent to 30% of its total area. Paddy rice variety planted in this region is dominated by local varieties, such as Siam Mutiara. Local farmers prefer this variety due to its high demand and high selling price than other local rice varieties. This variety produces soft textured rice which is preferred by the people of South Kalimantan. In addition to the taste and texture, physical aspects such as wholeness of the grain is also important for consumers, and this aspect is affected by post-harvest processed such as drying. In this study, drying characteristics of Siam Mutiara variety was studied. Samples of Siam Mutiara from Jelapat 1 village, Barito Kuala district were dried using a Fixed Bed Dryer at three temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) and an airflow rate of 1 m/s. The samples were dried in five trays made of PVC pipes (5” diameter and 1” length) which arranged vertically. The first four trays were used to dry paddy rice sample with a layer of 1 cm thick, and the lowest tray were used to dry the sample in a single layer grain (with average thickness of grain width 1,66 mm). The temperature and humidity at each tray monitored continuously, and the weight of the sample in each tray was measured every 30 minutes. The results of this study indicate that the temperature and humidity varied among the trays, where the lowest tray had the highest temperature and the lowest air humidity. However, moisture content of the samples in all of the trays are relatively similar for both the top four trays (with total of 4 cm) and the lowest tray (single layer). This result indicates that for Siam Mutiara variety, a total of 4 cm thick layer can still be considered as a thin layer drying. It also found that the effect of drying temperature on drying rate is significant. In addition, the drying characteristic of this rice variety can be best modelled using Page Model.
Evaluation of organoleptic quality, antioxidant activity and anthocyanin levels from the combination of carrageenan flour, kepok banana flour and purple yam flour in pudding
Authors: Aini N L A , Zainal  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The nutritional content of pudding generally consists of carbohydrates, fat, protein, fiber, minerals, sodium and potassium. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality, antioxidant activity and anthocyanin levels of a combination of carrageenan flour, banana flour and purple yam flour in pudding. This study uses the method formulation using the Design Expert. Organoleptic color test the best results were in the P5 with a value of 3.65 on the attractive scale, the best aroma was obtained in the P17 with a value of 3.90 on the fragrant aroma scale, The taste that the panelists liked on average was the P5 with a score of 3.55 delicious taste scale and the best texture was the P17 with a score of 4.30 on the chewy scale. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the P14 with a score of 44.23%. while the highest anthocyanin content was found in the P10 with a value of 1.98 mg/l.. The best results from this study were the P14 formulation (40 gr carrageenan flour: 26.44 gr banana flour: 13.56 purple yam flour) to determine the best formulation based on the research objective, namely high nutritional value which produces high antioxidant products.
The effect addition of palm oil and coconut oil on the proximate value of pendawa chocolate, North Sumatra
Authors: Harahap E S , Addina S , Julianti E , Lubis M M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Deli Serdang is one of the cocoa-producing regions in North Sumatera. Its high productivity value and lack of processing system cause cocoa beans to be sold dry directly. Chocolate bars are one type of chocolate produced by the Pendawa Farmers Group. Pendawa chocolate bar products are already favored by many people because they have a delicious taste, attractive color, excellent source of antioxidants, and provided health beneficial effect. In this study, cocoa beans were fermented and processed into cocoa powder so that they could be used as the main raw material in the making of chocolate bars. Other materials used in the processing of pendawa chocolate bars are palm oil, coconut oil, powdered sugar, cocoa fat, milk powder, cocoa paste, vanilla, baking soda, and lecithin. The resulting chocolate were analyzed to determine the value of proximate content. The research result showed that the mixing ratio of the chocolate-making ingredients using palm oil and coconut oil can maintain the nutritional content of pendawa chocolate products as well as form a better texture.
The effect of carrageenan-gluten ratio and garlic essential oil concentration on physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of edible film
Authors: Muflih M H , Syarifuddin A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Edible film can be made from natural polymers, such as fats, proteins, and polysaccharides. The combination of polysaccharides and proteins has the potential to form a film, it can improve the mechanical properties and physical properties of the film based on the complex structure formed. Furthermore, to improve the barrier properties by obstructing water vapour transmission and preventing the proliferation of spoilage microorganisms in food, it is important to present both hydrophobic substances and active compounds extracted from essential oils. This research aimed to find out the best formulation of gluten and garlic essential oil on the physical, mechanical, and bacteria-inhibitory properties of edible film. The method used in this research is the edible film made by combining carrageenan and gluten in several concentrations (7,5%; 10%; and 12,5%) and the addition of garlic essential oil at different concentrations (0%, 2%, and 4%), then observations were made on several test parameters such as solubility in water, thickness, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength, and antibacterial properties of the film. Results obtained in the research demonstrated that the finest edible film treatment was found in addition of 12.5% gluten and addition of 4% garlic essential oil with the results of solubility parameter of 40.57% thickness of 0.73 mm tensile strength of 0.0009 N/mm2 and WVTR of 21.856 g/h/m2 and antibacterial properties against E. coli bacteria of 26.93 mm and against S. aurerus bacteria of 33.76 mm. This research concluded the addition of gluten and garlic oil could improve physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties edible film.