bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2-Benzyl-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)isoindolin-1-one Derivatives in Water under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Xie Zongbo , Le Zhanggao , Jin Liang , Li Hongxia , Meng Jia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe have developed a catalyst-free synthesis of a series of isoindolinone derivatives via a one-pot, three-component reaction in water using o-formylbenzoic acids, primary amines, and acetophenones as starting materials. An investigation of the influence of the solvent, the substrate molar ratio, the temperature, and the reaction time revealed that the reaction proceeded optimally in water at 70 °C over 12 hours to afford a wide range of isoindolinone derivatives in yields of up to 93%. This method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, environmental friendliness, and a broad substrate scope.
Ligand-Enabled Regio- and/or Stereoselective Hydroboration of Alkenes
Authors: Xu Senmiao , Chen Lili 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlkylboronic acids are widely used in medicinal chemistry, material sciences, and organic synthesis. Accordingly, a large number of methods have been developed for the regio- and stereo-selective synthesis of these structures. Transition-metal-catalyzed hydroboration of alkenes is one of the most convenient and direct methods. However, the stereoselective hydroboration of heteroatom-substituted alkenes and regioselective hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes are still challenging. In this account, we emphasize our recent work on ligand-enabled transition-metal-catalyzed regio- and/or stereoselective hydroboration of alkenes, including copper-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration of β-amidoacrylonitriles, β-amidoacrylate esters, indole-3-carboxylates, and iridium-catalyzed distal hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes.1	Introduction2	Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroboration of Enamine Derivatives3	Iridium-Catalyzed Distal Hydroboration of Aliphatic Internal Alkenes4	Conclusion
Synthesis of Ynamides by C(sp)–H Amidation
Authors: Lei Jian , Xie Xiaolan , Hou Na , Lin Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractYnamides are versatile reactive building blocks in organic chemistry; consequently, synthetic methodologies to fabricate these compounds have received extensive attention. The construction of a C–N bond between an alkyne surrogate and an amide is a powerful and practical way to access ynamides, and has been widely studied. Recently, the amidation of terminal alkynes has emerged as a straightforward alternative. This Synpacts article briefly summarizes the use of C(sp)–H amidation strategies to form ynamides; it also highlights our recent work on the synthesis of ynehydrazides through the copper-catalyzed addition of terminal alkynes to dialkyl azodicarboxylates. Finally, some future directions in this field are outlined.
Comparing Intubation Rates in the Delivery Room by Interface
Authors: Lamptey Naa-Lamle , Kopec Gretchen L. , Kaur Harveen , Fischer Ashley M. 
Published: May 2023

Objective Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is crucial to the resuscitation of newborns. Although neonates often require PPV at birth, the optimal interface has not been determined. Both binasal prongs and face masks were deemed acceptable by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in 2010 and have been utilized at our center since 2016; however, the choice is by provider preference. Previous studies have suggested that binasal prongs may be more effective than face masks at avoiding intubation in the delivery room. The objective of this study is to compare intubation rates of binasal prongs versus face masks for delivery room resuscitation of neonates born < 30 weeks' gestation.
Study Design This retrospective study compares delivery room intubation rates by interface for neonates < 30 weeks' gestation born between August 2016 and April 2021 at our level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Exclusion criteria included diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, no PPV required, or no resuscitation attempted. Data collected included interface device, demographics, maternal data, delivery room data, admission data, and discharge outcomes. The three interface groups (binasal prongs, face mask, face mask, and binasal prongs) were compared utilizing chi-square, analysis of variance with post hoc analysis, and logistic regression.
Results Mean gestational ages and birth weights for the groups were 27.6 weeks and 1,126 g, 25.7 weeks and 839 g, and 27.1 weeks and 1,028 g, respectively. Neonates resuscitated with face masks were 9.9 times more likely to be intubated in the delivery room and 10.8 times more likely to be intubated at 6 hours of life compared with those resuscitated with binasal prongs after logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion The findings in our study support delivery room resuscitation with binasal prongs as a useful method in reducing the need for intubation both in the delivery room and at 6 hours of life. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Key Points
A One Health look into the emergence of zoonotic viruses at the human-animal-environment interface
Authors: Mohamed Abdifetah , Abdi Wali Mahamed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Emerging zoonotic viruses are a major public health concern, and they have caused the majority of human infectious disease outbreaks in recent decades. It is known that the emergence of zoonotic diseases is facilitated by human-caused environmental changes such as deforestation and changes in global climatic conditions. However, the complex interactions between these environmental elements and the contribution of each factor to the emergence and spread of zoonotic viral pathogens are not sufficiently addressed. Therefore, this article presents an overview of the available scientific knowledge on the major anthropogenic and climatic drivers of emerging zoonotic viruses, and also discusses the interconnections among human health, animal health, and ecosystem health in the context of emerging zoonotic viruses, and how the One Health approach can be implemented in reducing the health risks of emerging zoonotic viral pathogens.

One Health impact statement
The One Health approach has got more attention post-COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are multiple challenges in its real-world application. This paper presents a general One Health application framework that describes how a national One Health risk analysis (OHRA) system can be designed and implemented to predict, prevent, and control emerging zoonotic viral pathogens at the human-animal-environment interface.
Governance principles for the wildlife trade to reduce spillover and pandemic risk
Authors: Biggs Duan , Peel Alison J. , Astaras Christos , Braczkowski Alexander , Cheung Hubert , Choi Chi-Yeung , Orume Robinson Diotoh , Cáceres-Escobar Hernán , Phelps Jacob , Plowright Raina K. , Rooyen Jacques , Velden Julia , McCallum Hamish 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath are the most significant socio-economic crises in modern history. The pandemic’s devastating impacts have prompted urgent policy and regulatory action to reduce the risks of future spillover events and pandemics. Stronger regulatory measures for the trade of wildlife are central to discussions of a policy response. A variety of measures, including broad bans on the trade and sale of wildlife to banning specific species for human consumption are among a suite of discussed options. However, the wildlife trade is diverse, complex, and important for the livelihoods of millions of people globally. We argue that reducing the risk of future pandemics stemming from the wildlife trade must follow established principles of governance which include being equitable, responsive, robust, and effective. We demonstrate how incorporating these principles will support the development of context-specific, culturally sensitive, and inclusive responses that recognize the on-the-ground complexity of disease emergence and the social-ecological systems in which the wildlife trade occurs.
On a paradox in quantum mechanics and its resolution
Authors: Banyadsin Padtarapan , De Vincenzo Salvatore 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Consider a free Schrödinger particle inside an interval with walls characterized by the Dirichlet boundary condition. Choose a parabola as the normalized state of the particle that satisfies this boundary condition. To calculate the variance of the Hamiltonian in that state, one needs to calculate the mean value of the Hamiltonian and that of its square. If one uses the standard formula to calculate these mean values, one obtains both results without difficulty, but the variance unexpectedly takes an imaginary value. If one uses the same expression to calculate these mean values but first writes the Hamiltonian and its square in terms of their respective eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, one obtains the same result as above for the mean value of the Hamiltonian but a different value for its square (in fact, it is not zero); hence, the variance takes an acceptable value. From whence do these contradictory results arise? The latter paradox has been presented in the literature as an example of a problem that can only be properly solved by making use of certain fundamental concepts within the general theory of linear operators in Hilbert spaces. Here, we carefully review those concepts and apply them in a detailed way to resolve the paradox. Our results are formulated within the natural framework of wave mechanics, and to avoid inconveniences that the use of Dirac’s symbolic formalism could bring, we avoid the use of that formalism throughout the article. In addition, we obtain a resolution of the paradox in an entirely formal way without addressing the restrictions imposed by the domains of the operators involved. We think that the content of this paper will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students as well as to their instructors.
Efficient 1.5D full waveform inversion in the Laplace-Fourier domain
Authors: Kontakis Apostolos , Rovetta Diego , Colombo Daniele , Sandoval-Curiel Ernesto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Accurate near-surface characterization and velocity model building are important for a number of geotechnical and geophysical applications. 3D full waveform inversion (FWI) can be used to generate a detailed velocity model, but must be provided with a good initial velocity model. A method for producing such an initial velocity model is explored in this paper. Assuming that the near-subsurface can be locally approximated by an effective flat-layered medium, a specialized form of acoustic FWI is proposed. The inversion is based on regularized least-squares in the Laplace-Fourier domain as a measure to mitigate the cycle-skipping problem. Forward modeling is carried out by solving a number of independent finite-difference problems in parallel, for a set of horizontal wavenumbers. The set is determined adaptively, using a pair of algorithms discussed in detail. A numerical implementation of the inverse Hankel transform, used to synthesize data in the frequency-offset domain, is also described. The forward modeling scheme is validated against analytic solutions of the Helmholtz equation, showing good agreement between the two. FWI is tested by inverting a synthetic dataset consisting of flat layers with embedded velocity anomalies. Important features are recovered after inversion at a small number of complex frequencies, providing a detailed initial model for successive 3D FWI.
Composition-based aluminum alloy selection using an artificial neural network
Authors: Fatriansyah Jaka Fajar , Rizqillah Raihan Kenji , Suhariadi Iping , Federico Andreas , Kurniawan Ade 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Materials selection for aluminum alloys with desired fatigue properties and other mechanical properties is very difficult. Usually, when fatigue properties are maximized, other mechanical properties should be compromised. In this paper, an artificial neural network, was utilized to build two prediction models that has the purpose of predicting fatigue life from composition and inverse design to predict composition from fatigue properties as a tool for materials selection. A first model was built to predict fatigue life using information on alloy composition, heat treatment, and other mechanical properties. The second model is an inversion of the first model, which predicts the material compositions to get the desired fatigue performance and other mechanical properties. Both models produce good performances based on the R
2 scoring metric, where the values were found to be 0.92 and 0.96 for the first and second models, respectively. This study proved that the inversion model for predicting composition based on fatigue properties can reach acceptable accuracy and can be used as a materials selection tool. In addition, to investigate how atomic properties can affect fatigue life, the third model was built. It was found that atomic properties, such as electronegativity and the radius of alloying elements, are closely related to fatigue life and can be used to predict fatigue life as well. The significance of our work is that users can design new alloys for specific applications as well as select available alloys based on fatigue property criteria.
Dynamic damage characteristic of CFRP target by Ti-6Al-4V alloy flake impact at high speed
Authors: Tang Enling , Wang Xinxin , Li Lei , Peng Hui , Chen Chuang , Han Yafei , Chang Mengzhou , Guo Kai , He Liping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The development of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has revolutionized the light-weight protection materials industry. In the field of aviation, understanding the damage characteristics of CFRP under high-speed impacts is vital to design aero turbofan engines with lightweight fan cases. This study uses a refined solid model of CFRP laminates created by TexGen. ABAQUS/Explicit and VUMAT user subroutine were used to simulate the failure process of CFRP laminates caused by ballistic impact experiments. The study performs a detailed analysis of data recorded during the experiment conducted where Ti-6Al-4V alloy flakes impacted CFRP laminates at velocities ranging from 156.9 m s−1 to 297 m s−1 using a light gas gun. Image recordings through high-speed cameras and 3D-DIC help identify macroscopic damage characteristics like morphology and strain of CFRP laminates. Reliability of numerical simulations was verified via dynamic strain time history curves, scanning electron microscope microstructure images and damage element morphology. Deformation processes such as matrix cracking, fiber pull-out, and delamination play a crucial role in absorbing most of the initial kinetic energy of Ti-6Al-4V alloy flake, and therefore protect the laminate. Given our findings combined with the deformation characteristics and energy absorption mechanism of ballistic impacts, a reliable numerical simulation method for the damage characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy flake penetrating CFRP laminates is presented that provides a basis for designing composite case containment systems.
Recent progress in solar cells based on one dimensional ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Peksu Elif , Coskun Asya , Karaagac Hakan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent years, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, including nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes have been receiving a great deal of research attention due to their special and outstanding many characteristics that play a very important role in the manufacture of high-performance devices, including photodetectors, solar cells, light emitting diodes and power nano-generators with novel functionalities. So far, a variety of inorganic semiconductor materials, including titanium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon, and gallium oxide, have been utilized to produce 1D structures for the construction of high-performance electronic and opto-electronic devices. Due to its stability, high conductivity, high electron affinity, and outstanding electron mobility, zinc oxide (ZnO) stands out among the others as a material that is particularly appealing to be employed in a variety of opto-electronic device applications. This review article initially presents a review of recent research activities related to the synthesis of 1D ZnO nanostructures employing various growth routes and their use in photovoltaic applications to highlight the attractive properties of these nanostructures. In particular, a special focus is given on the progress in 1D ZnO nanostructures based inorganic solar cells, including all-inorganic perovskites, Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)2, CdS, CdTe, AgBiS2, Cu(In, Ga)Se2 and multi-crystalline silicon solar cells. The article also provides a brief overview of the various types of solar cell structures employing 1D ZnO nanostructures in a variety of roles such as capping layers, electron transfer layers, buffer layers, window layers, antireflection and passivation layers, as well as active components for solar cells. At the end, future research opportunities and challenges for solar cells based on 1D ZnO nanostructures are discussed.
Experimental validation of contact resonance AFM using long massive tips
Authors: Zimron-Politi Nadav , Tung Ryan C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present an experimental validation of a new contact resonance atomic force microscopy model developed for sensors with long, massive tips. A derivation of a new technique and graphical method for the identification of the unknown system parameters is presented. The technique and contact resonance model are experimentally validated. The agreement between our contact resonance experimental measurements and values obtained from nanoindentation show a minimal error of 1.4%–4.5% and demonstrate the validity of the new contact resonance model and system parameter identification technique.
Femtosecond laser irradiation as a novel method for nanosheet growth and defect generation in g-C3N4
Authors: Pennings Joel , Bastug Azer Bersu , Uceda Marianna , Karimi Reza , Ashrafi-Belgabad Aydin , Xu Alexander H , Sanderson Joseph , Pope Michael A , Yavuz Mustafa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Among the many recently developed photo-catalytic materials, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) shows great promise as a catalytic material for water splitting, hydrogen generation, and related catalytic applications. Herein, synthesized bulk g-C3N4 is simply irradiated under a 35 fs pulse at mixed photon energies (800 nm and its second harmonic). g-C3N4 was synthesized from melamine following a facile thermal polymerization procedure. The prepared material was introduced, in an aqueous environment, to the femtosecond laser for various lengths of time. The treated material demonstrates a significant increase in surface area, relative to the untreated samples, indicating that irradiation is a successful method for exfoliation. The subsequent characterization reveals that the mixed irradiation process drives significant defect generation and sheet growth, which is not seen under 800 nm irradiation. Extended mixed irradiation results in 4 nm thick nanosheets with lateral dimensions 4× that of the bulk material. The treated material shows improved dye absorption/removal. This novel method of defect generation and nanosheet growth shows great potential as a g-C3N4 pre-treatment method for co-catalytic applications. Herein it is shown that femtosecond laser irradiation drives exfoliation beyond 100 nm particle sizes, and sheet-like morphologies under extended irradiation, which must be taken into account when using this method to improve material performance.
Investigating the impact of skull vibrations on motor responses to focused ultrasound neuromodulation in small rodents and methods to mitigate them
Authors: Hesselink Jake W , Krasnichuk Chris , Benaceur Amine , Johnson Aidan , Li Siyun , Kiss Zelma H T , Pichardo Samuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. Focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation non-invasively alters brain activity, likely via acoustic radiation force with dynamics of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). PRF impacts neuromodulation as well as indirect auditory activation, a confound linked to skull vibrations. This study aimed to minimize these vibrations, by adjusting and randomizing PRF, and determine their impact on FUS-induced motor activity. We hypothesized that: the skull would vibrate most at a specific PRF; randomizing PRF would reduce skull vibrations without affecting motor responses; and FUS would yield motor activity while actuator-induced skull vibrations would not. Approach. Three objectives were studied in parallel using C57Bl/6 mice (n = number of mice used per objective). First, skull vibration amplitude, measured as a percentage of maximum amplitude per treatment, was recorded via contact microphone over a range of PRFs to assess the PRF-dependency of skull vibrations (n = 19). Vibrations were then compared between random and fixed PRFs (n = 15). Lastly, motor responses were compared between fixed 1.5 kHz PRF FUS, random PRF FUS, air-puff stimulation, sham stimulation, and vibration induction via piezoelectric actuator (n = 30). Main Results. The study found amplitude peaked at 1.51 kHz (88.1 ± 11.5%), significantly higher than at 0.54 kHz (75.5 ± 15.1%; p = 0.0149). Random PRF reduced amplitude by 4.2% (p = 0.0181). Motor response rates to actuator-induced skull vibrations at the PRF (5.73 ± 6.96%) and its third harmonic (22.9 ± 22.7%) were not significantly different than sham (14.1 ± 11.6%), but lower than FUS (70.2 ± 16.3%; p < 0.0001). Significance. Based on these results, PRF near 0.5 kHz may best avoid skull vibrations, while random PRF could be utilized to slightly reduce vibration amplitude. The results also suggested that skull vibrations likely do not significantly impact motor responses to FUS neuromodulation.
Numerical study of impurity effects on ion temperature gradient modes in tokamak edge plasmas based on the Euler matrix eigenvalue method
Authors: Tao Y Q , Sun P J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Low-Z impurity injection is frequently used for divertor detachment operations in current tokamaks; however, the impurity effects on the main plasma are yet to be fully understood. In this paper, the impurity effects on the ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes in tokamak edge plasmas are investigated based on the Euler matrix eigenvalue method. The eigen-equations with multiple ion species are established from the fundamental gyrokinetic theory, in which each ion species is treated equally. A novel and efficient gyro-kinetic code is developed for this numerical study, and the code’s availability to examine quasi-linear ITG modes is demonstrated by its comparison with existing results. At the pedestal top parameters in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak high-β

p
H-mode plasmas, the ITG mode behavior is investigated in pure deuterium plasmas and with impurities. Impurities can induce destabilizing or stabilizing effects on ITG modes, which are determined by the impurity density scale length. The inwardly peaked impurity density profile tends to reduce the ITG growth rate. The effect strength also increases with the impurity charge concentration. The effects of impurity species, including boron, carbon, neon and argon, are also evaluated. Numerical results show that the strength of destabilizing or stabilizing effect inverses with impurity ion charge at the same effective charge.