bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated testing and interactive construction of unavoidable sets for graph classes of small path‐width
Authors: Bachtler Oliver , Heinrich Irene 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet be a class of graphs with a membership test, , and let be the class of graphs in of path‐width at most . We present an interactive framework that finds an unavoidable set for , which is a set of graphs such that any graph in contains an isomorphic copy of a graph in . At the core of our framework is an algorithm that verifies whether a set of graphs is, indeed, unavoidable for . While obstruction sets are well‐studied, so far there is no general theory or algorithm for finding unavoidable sets. In general, it is undecidable whether a finite set of graphs is unavoidable for a given graph class. However, we give a criterion for termination: our algorithm terminates whenever is locally checkable of bounded maximum degree and is a finite set of connected graphs. For example, ‐regular graphs, ‐colourable graphs, and ‐free graphs are locally checkable classes. We put special emphasis on the case that is the class of cubic graphs and tailor the algorithm to this case. In particular, we introduce the new concept of high‐degree‐first path‐decompositions, which enables highly efficient pruning techniques. We exploit our framework to prove a new lower bound on the path‐width of cubic graphs. Moreover, we determine the extremal girth values of cubic graphs of path‐width for all and all smallest graphs which take on these extremal girth values. Further, we present a new constructive characterisation of the extremal cubic graphs of path‐width 3 and girth 4.
Oxidative cross dehydrogenative coupling directed carbamates synthesis using Cu(II) pincer complex as active catalyst under mild reaction condition
Authors: Das Krishna Mohan , Thakur Arunabha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDevelopment of an air‐stable and cheap transition metal‐based catalyst for the formation of carbamates via the cross‐coupling reaction of various 2‐carbonyl substituted phenolic derivatives or 1,3‐diketo derivatives with N,N‐disubstituted formamides (C(sp2)O bond formation) under mild conditions is the key focus of synthetic chemists. In this context, we have developed a novel benzothiazole appended 2,6‐di picolinamide‐based Cu(II) complex for the facile generation of carbamates at a slightly elevated temperature (50°C) with a short reaction time and low catalyst loading (0.5 mol%) for the first time. The synthesized complex was well characterized by ultraviolet–visible, infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), as well as by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. A wide range of aromatic carbamates was synthesized using complex 1 in good/excellent yield with decent functional group tolerance under mild conditions. Control experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds via the radical mechanism, and the formation of radical‐mediated intermediates was confirmed by the gas chromatography (GC), GCMS and HRMS. The use of low cost and environmentally benign catalysts in mild conditions along with the tolerance of a wide range of functional groups makes this an easy synthetic approach for the development of carbamates.
Light, metal‐free regioselectiveC6‐Halkylation of purines and purine nucleosides with alcohols
Authors: Liu Xiguang , Sun Xiangbin , Wang Weili , Tian Miao , Chen Yiwen , Zou Chunhui , Yu Mingwu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA metal‐, light‐free radical alkylation reaction of purines and nucleosides has been achieved with readily available alcohols (1°, 2°, 3°) as the alkyl radical sources enabled by oxalates, which does not need any catalysts, N2protection, and protecting groups. Although there are three potential active C(sp2)H bonds and four interferential nitrogen atoms in the purine motif, the reaction still shows excellent regioselectivity at C6H position and does not face multialkylation problem. Besides, this approach shows broad functional groups tolerance and is scalable to the gram level, which can be applied to late‐stage CH alkylation of purine to synthesize 6‐cyclopentyl nebularine with anti‐CEM activity, thus demonstrating its utility.
Global value chains, neoliberalism and development practice: Reflections on Kenya's experience
Authors: Singh Surendar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlobal value chain (GVC)‐led development discourse has gained considerable traction in the international development policy debate. Multilateral institutions and donor agencies shape value chain discourse and practice. Through the scholarly literature, this study critically reviews the conceptual underpinnings of value chain theory and its discourse. The study reviews the thematic programmatic application of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and analyses the application of value chain from a critical social theory perspective in Kenya. Findings demonstrate that the application of value chain theory to Kenya's development practice is unclear with regard to crucial elements of GVC configuration such as the state's role in facilitating development strategies, asymmetrical power relations within value chains and world historical processes affecting upgrading trajectories. This aspect is evident in the value chain‐led development interventions of the USAID in Kenya and supports neoliberal development agenda that caters to the business interests of multinational corporations.
Venous Blood Oxygenation Measurements Using TRUST and T2‐TRIR MRI During Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Gas Challenges
Authors: Baas Koen P. A. , Vu Chau , Shen Jian , Coolen Bram F. , Biemond Bart J. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Wood John C. , Nederveen Aart J. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundOxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) may serve as biomarkers in several diseases. OEF and CMRO2 can be estimated from venous blood oxygenation (Yv) levels, which in turn can be calculated from venous blood T2 values (T2b). T2b can be measured using different MRI sequences, including T2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) and T2‐prepared‐blood‐relaxation‐imaging‐with‐inversion‐recovery (T2‐TRIR). The latter measures both T2b and T1 (T1b) but was found previously to overestimate T2b compared to TRUST. It remained unclear, however, if this bias is constant across higher and lower oxygen saturations.PurposeTo compare TRUST and T2‐TRIR across a range of O2 saturations using hypoxic and hypercapnic gas challenges.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwelve healthy volunteers (four female, age 36 ± 10 years).Field Strength/SequenceA 3T; turbo‐field echo‐planar‐imaging (TFEPI), echo‐planar‐imaging (EPI), and fast‐field‐echo (FFE).AssessmentTRUST‐ and T2‐TRIR‐derived T2b, Yv, OEF, and CMRO2 were compared across different respiratory challenges. T1b from T2‐TRIR was used to estimate Hct (HctTRIR) and compared with venipuncture (HctVP).Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk, one‐sample and paired‐sample t‐test, repeated measures ANOVA, Friedman test, Bland–Altman, and correlation analysis. Bonferroni multiple‐comparison correction was performed. Significance level was 0.05.ResultsA significant bias was observed between TRUST‐ and T2‐TRIR‐derived T2b, Yv, and OEF values (−13 ± 11 msec, −5.3% ± 3.5% and 5.9 ± 4.1%, respectively). For Yv and OEF, this bias was constant across the range of measured values. T1b was significantly lower during severe hypoxia and hypercapnia compared to baseline (1712 ± 86 msec and 1634 ± 79 msec compared to 1757 ± 90 msec). While no significant bias was found between HctVP and HctTRIR (0.02% ± 0.06%, P = 0.20), the correlation between these Hct values was significant but weak (r = 0.19).Data ConclusionGiven the constant bias, TRUST‐ and T2‐TRIR‐derived venous T2b values can be used interchangeably to estimate Yv, OEF, and CMRO2 across a broad range of oxygen saturations. Hct from T2‐TRIR‐derived T1‐values only weakly correlated with Hct from venipuncture.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Trends over the recent 6 years in ablation modalities and strategies, post‐ablation medication, and clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Hirata Moyuru , Nagashima Koichi , Watanabe Ryuta , Wakamatsu Yuji , Otsuka Naoto , Hayashida Satoshi , Hirata Shu , Sawada Masanaru , Kurokawa Sayaka , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAblation strategies and modalities for atrial fibrillation (AF) have transitioned over the past decade, but their impact on post‐ablation medication and clinical outcomes remains to be fully investigated.MethodsWe divided 682 patients who had undergone AF ablation in 2014–2019 (420 paroxysmal AFs [PAF], 262 persistent AFs [PerAF]) into three groups according to the period, that is, the 2014–2015 (n = 139), 2016–2017 (n = 244), and 2018–2019 groups (n = 299), respectively.ResultsPersistent AF became more prevalent and the left atrial (LA) diameter larger over the 6 years. Extra‐pulmonary vein (PV)‐LA ablation was more frequently performed in the 2014–2015 group than in the 2016–2017 and 2018–2019 groups (41.1% vs. 9.1% and 8.1%; p < .001). The 2‐year freedom rate from AF/atrial tachycardias for PAF was similar among the three groups (84.0% vs. 83.1% vs. 86.7%; p = .98) but lowest in the 2014–2015 group for PerAF (63.9% vs. 82.7% and 86.3%; p = .025) despite the highest post‐ablation antiarrhythmic drug use. Cardiac tamponade was significantly decreased in the 2018–2019 group (3.6% vs. 2.0% vs. 0.33%; p = 0.021). There was no difference in the 2‐year clinically relevant events among the three groups.ConclusionAlthough ablation was performed in a more diseased LA and extra‐PV‐LA ablation was less frequent in recent years, the complication rate decreased, and AF recurrences for PAF remained unchanged, but that for PerAF decreased. Clinically relevant events remained unchanged over the recent 6 years, suggesting that the impact of the recent ablation modalities and strategies on remote clinically relevant events may be small during this study period.
Identification of major and cross‐reactive allergens of local freshwater snail (Pila polita) and the impact of thermal and non‐thermal food processing on allergen stability
Authors: Misnan Rosmilah , Kamarazaman Noor Asyikin , Sockalingam Komathi , Yadzir Zailatul Hani Mohamad , Bakhtiar Faizal , Abdullah Noormalin , Arip Masita 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSnail allergy is rare but can be fatal.Pila polita, a freshwater snail, was considered as a popular exotic food, particularly in tropical countries, and consumed in processed forms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the major and cross‐reactive allergens ofP. politaand to determine the impact of food processing on the allergen stability.RESULTSSodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractionated raw snail extract to approximately 24 protein bands, between 9 and 245 kDa. The prominent band at 33 kDa was detected in all raw and processed snail extracts. Immunoblotting tests of the raw extract demonstrated 19 immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐binding proteins, and four of them, at 30, 35, 42 and 49 kDa, were revealed as the major IgE‐binding proteins ofP. polita. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry identified the 49 and 42 kDa major allergens as actin, whereas the 30 and 35 kDa major allergens were identified as tropomyosin. Immunoblotting revealed that the raw snail had more allergenic proteins than the processed snail. The degree of allergenicity in decreasing order was raw > brine pickled> boiled > roasted > fried > vinegar pickled. The presence of cross‐reactivity betweenP. politaand the shellfish tested was exhibited with either no, complete, or partial inhibitions.CONCLUSIONActin and tropomyosin were identified as the major and cross‐reactive allergens ofP. politaamong local patients with snail allergy. Those major allergens are highly stable to high temperatures, acidic pH, and high salt, which might played a crucial role in snail allergy in Malaysia. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Patient‐controlled intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine with nalbuphine versus sufentanil for post cesarean delivery analgesia: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Li Wei‐Wei , Zheng Bei , Shi Rong , Jiang Yue‐Ming , Liu Yan‐Nan , Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis retrospective observational study aims to investigate the patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) of dexmedetomidine (DEX) with nalbuphine (NAL) versus sufentanil (SUF) for post‐cesarean delivery management. A total of 300 women were evaluated who underwent cesarean section surgery with combined spinal‐epidural anesthesia. After surgery, all patients were connected to a patient‐controlled analgesia pump. The PCIA protocol was programmed with 0.11 μg/kg/h DEX in combination with 0.03 μg/kg/h SUF in Group I (n = 150) or 0.11 μg/kg/h DEX in combination with 0.03 mg/kg/h NAL in Group II (n = 150). There was no significant difference in incision pain and sedation level between the two groups within 48 h after the surgery assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) and Ramsay sedation scale, respectively. However, at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery, visceral pain at rest and at mobilization was alleviated in the Group II as compared with the Group I with lower VAS scores. Moreover, fewer adverse reactions were found in the Group II when compared with Group I, including postpartum respiratory depression, nausea/vomiting, urinary retention, and cardiovascular events. Overall, there was an increased patient satisfaction in the Group II as compared with the Group I. Based on the results of this study, it seems that adding NAL to PCIA with DEX, as compared to SUF with DEX, have an effect on reducing the intensity of visceral pain after cesarean section with less adverse reactions and higher patient satisfaction.
Postoperative opioid use following head and neck endocrine surgery: A multi‐center prospective study
Authors: Hamour Amr F. , Manojlovic‐Kolarski Mirko , Eskander Antoine , Biskup Mathew , Taylor S. Mark , Laliberte Frederick , Vescan Allan , Witterick Ian J. , Freeman Jeremy , Monteiro Eric 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOpioid abuse is widespread in North America and the over‐prescription of opioids are a contributing factor. The goal of this prospective study was to quantify over‐prescription rates, evaluate postoperative experiences of pain, and understand the impact of peri‐operative factors such as adequate pain counseling and use of non‐opioid analgesia.MethodsConsecutive recruitment of patients undergoing head and neck endocrine surgery was undertaken from January 1st 2020 to December 31st 2021 at four Canadian hospitals in Ontario and Nova Scotia. Postoperative tracking of pain levels and analgesic requirements were employed. Chart review and preoperative and postoperative surveys provided information on counseling, use of local anesthesia, and disposal plans.ResultsA total of 125 adult patients were included in the final analysis. Total thyroidectomy was the most common procedure (40.8%). Median use of opioid tablets was 2 (IQR 0–4), with 79.5% of prescribed tablets unused. Patients who reported inadequate counseling (n = 35, 28.0%) were more likely to use opioids (57.2% vs. 37.8%, p < .05) and less likely to use non‐opioid analgesia in the early postoperative course (42.9% vs. 63.3%, p < .05). Patients who received local anesthesia peri‐operatively (46.4%, n = 58) reported less severe pain on average [2.86 (2.13) vs. 4.86 (2.19), p < .05] and used less analgesia on postoperative day one [0 MME (IQR 0–4) vs. 4 MME (IQR 0–8), p < .05].ConclusionOver‐prescription of opioid analgesia following head and neck endocrine surgery is common. Patient counseling, use of non‐opioid analgesia, and peri‐operative local anesthesia were important factors in narcotic use reduction.Level of evidenceLevel 3.
The Lessebo Effect in Disease Modification Trials in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mestre Tiago A. , McDermott Michael P. , Lobo Raquel , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of expectation of benefit on outcomes is well established in Parkinson's disease (PD). A reduction of a treatment effect due to a perceived placebo allocation (lessebo effect) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was documented for symptomatic treatments.ObjectivesTo evaluate the lessebo effect in disease modification RCTs (DMT) in PD.MethodsSubject‐level meta‐analyses of active treatment arms of DMT (n = 1149 subjects): FS‐1, FS‐TOO (probability of placebo allocation/P(placebo) = 0.33) and DATATOP, PRECEPT, QE2 (P(placebo) = 0.25). We tested the association between P(placebo) and time to dopaminergic treatment initiation using a marginal Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe adjusted hazard ratio (P(placebo) = 0.25 vs. 0.33) for initiation of dopaminergic treatment was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.92–1.43).ConclusionsWe did not observe the lessebo effect in DMT. The necessary use of a placebo (and no active comparator) is a limitation. The prospective measurement of expectation of benefit could help to evaluate the many impacts of placebo use. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Shape sensing using neural network of radial basis function based on Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Zhang Ming , Huang Yangyang , Meng Leixin , Zhuang Yuan , Du Ying , Wang Liqiang , Yang Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShape sensing using Fiber Bragg Grating can be applied in many fields such as medical and robotics, and the accuracy of its reconstruction is the key to current research. At present, the application research in two‐dimensional planes has reached a high accuracy, how to improve the accuracy of three‐dimensional space reconstruction is the current challenge. An interpolation method using Radial Basis Function neural network is proposed for curve reconstruction in three‐dimensional space, which is compared and analyzed with the existing commonly used cubic‐spline interpolation method. Through theoretical validation and experimental verification, both the tip error and the average distance error of the sensor are reduced.
Measuring cannabis quantities in online surveys: A rapid review and proposals for ways forward
Authors: Manthey Jakob , Pons‐Cabrera Maria Teresa , Rosenkranz Moritz , Lopez‐Pelayo Hugo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesCannabis use quantities are relevant for determining cannabis‐related harms. This research aims to provide an overview of the available methods to assess quantities through self‐report.MethodsA rapid review of various strategies to collect information on cannabis use quantities through self‐report. Two independent literature searches resulted in n = 38 studies included for review.ResultsA total of n = 14 studies employed methods for collecting cannabis use quantities that are not suitable for online surveys (e.g., rolling a fake joint). Of the remaining n = 24 studies with items that are suitable for online surveys, the quantity assessment was performed in three different ways. The data collection was either carried out by asking (a) for the total number of joints (i.e., crude joint method), (b) for the total weight (i.e., crude weight method), or (c) for specific products separately, for example, for the amount of flower and resin (i.e., product‐specific method). In only n = 8 studies, cannabis use quantities were ascertained by providing visual aids (e.g., illustration of various amounts of flower).ConclusionsThe crude joint method and the product‐specific method are the two most promising methods to collect information on cannabis use quantities. Using visual aids may potentially improve the accuracy of those methods.
Considering whole‐body metabolism in hyperpolarized MRI through 13C breath analysis—An alternative way to quantification and normalization?
Authors: Sejersen Steffen , Rasmussen Camilla W. , Bøgh Nikolaj , Kjærgaard Uffe , Hansen Esben S. S. , Schulte Rolf F. , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: April 2023

PurposeHyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI is an emerging clinical tool for metabolic imaging. It has the potential for absolute quantitative metabolic imaging. However, the method itself is not quantitative, limiting comparison of images across both time and between individuals. Here, we propose a simple signal normalization to the whole‐body oxidative metabolism to overcome this limitation.Theory and MethodsA simple extension of the model‐free ratiometric analysis of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI is presented, using the expired 13CO2 in breath for normalization. The proposed framework was investigated in two porcine cohorts (N = 11) subjected to local renal hypoperfusion defects and subsequent [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI. A breath sample was taken before the [1‐13C]pyruvate injection and 5 min after. The raw MR signal from both the healthy and intervened kidney in the two cohorts was normalized using the 13CO2 in the expired air.Results13CO2 content in the expired air was significantly different between the two cohorts. Normalization to this reduced the coefficients of variance in the aerobic metabolic sensitive pathways by 25% for the alanine/pyruvate ratio, and numerical changes were observed in the bicarbonate/pyruvate ratio. The lactate/pyruvate ratio was largely unaltered (<2%).ConclusionOur results indicate that normalizing the hyperpolarized 13C‐signal ratios by the 13CO2 content in expired air can reduce variation as well as improve specificity of the method by normalizing the metabolic readout to the overall metabolic status of the individual. The method is a simple and cheap extension to the hyperpolarized 13C exam.
Development of highly permeable and antifouling poly(vinylidene fluoride) hybrid membranes tailored with ZIF‐8 metal–organic frameworks for water treatment
Authors: Rameesha Laila , Rana Dipak , Nagendran Alagumalai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study deals with the making of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hybrid ultrafiltration (UF) membranes incorporated with zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanocrystals. The surface morphology and roughness of ZIF‐8 are explored in terms of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) whereas their distribution in PVDF matrix and antibacterial activity are probed by energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis and zone of inhibition test. The chemical functionality of ZIF‐8 is verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic studies. The permeability of hybrid membranes is raised to 2 wt% addition of ZIF‐8 into the PVDF matrix owing to an enhancement in hydrophilicity and porosity. The FESEM images of the top and cross‐section view make visible the formation of macrovoids with the addition of ZIF‐8. On account of high porosity and surface hydrophilicity, the pure water permeation of hybrid membranes is increased to 278.6 Lm−2 h−1. The hybrid membranes showed higher rejection and permeate flux of bovine serum albumin (BSA; 92.8 Lm−2 h−1) and humic acid (HA; 94.3 Lm−2 h−1) owing to the synergetic effect of their enhanced hydrophilicity and surface roughness. This is confirmed by the higher flux recovery ratio (FRR) and lower irreversible fouling characteristics of hybrid PVDF membranes. The atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) revealed the long‐standing stability of ZIF‐8 in the PVDF matrix. Among all, the PVDF hybrid membrane with 2 wt% of ZIF‐8 showed excellent permeability, antifouling, and antibiofouling ability and was found to be more effective in water treatment applications.