bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse events following COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines: A systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Yasmin Farah , Najeeb Hala , Naeem Unaiza , Moeed Abdul , Atif Abdul Raafe , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Nimri Nayef , Saleem Maryam , Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Krittanawong Chayakrit , Fadelallah Eljack Mohammed Mahmmoud , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Waqar Fahad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSince publishing successful clinical trial results of mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines in December 2020, multiple reports have arisen about cardiovascular complications following the mRNA vaccination. This study provides an in‐depth account of various cardiovascular adverse events reported after the mRNA vaccines' first or second dose including pericarditis/myopericarditis, myocarditis, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, stroke, myocardial infarction/STEMI, intracranial hemorrhage, thrombosis (deep vein thrombosis, cerebral venous thrombosis, arterial or venous thrombotic events, portal vein thrombosis, coronary thrombosis, microvascular small bowel thrombosis), and pulmonary embolism.MethodsA systematic review of original studies reporting confirmed cardiovascular manifestations post‐mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination was performed. Following the PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases (PubMed, PMC NCBI, and Cochrane Library) were searched until January 2022. Baseline characteristics of patients and disease outcomes were extracted from relevant studies.ResultsA total of 81 articles analyzed confirmed cardiovascular complications post‐COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines in 17,636 individuals and reported 284 deaths with any mRNA vaccine. Of 17,636 cardiovascular events with any mRNA vaccine, 17,192 were observed with the BNT162b2 (Pfizer−BioNTech) vaccine, 444 events with mRNA‐1273 (Moderna). Thrombosis was frequently reported with any mRNA vaccine (n = 13,936), followed by stroke (n = 758), myocarditis (n = 511), myocardial infarction (n = 377), pulmonary embolism (n = 301), and arrhythmia (n = 254). Stratifying the results by vaccine type showed that thrombosis (80.8%) was common in the BNT162b2 cohort, while stroke (39.9%) was common with mRNA‐1273 for any dose. The time between the vaccination dosage and the first symptom onset averaged 5.6 and 4.8 days with the mRNA‐1273 vaccine and BNT162b2, respectively. The mRNA‐1273 cohort reported 56 deaths compared to the 228 with BNT162b2, while the rest were discharged or transferred to the ICU.ConclusionAvailable literature includes more studies with the BNT162b2 vaccine than mRNA‐1273. Future studies must report mortality and adverse cardiovascular events by vaccine types.
The Chemistry of [1,1′‐bis(o‐Carboranyl)]Borane η2‐σ‐Silane Adduct
Authors: Diab Mohanad , Jaiswal Kuldeep , Bawari Deependra , Dobrovetsky Roman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report here a new route for the preparation of [1,1′‐bis(o‐carboranyl)]borane, a 3D analogue of 9‐borafluorene, η2‐σ‐silane adduct (1‐H‐SiEt3) in high yields (>80 %). The nature of B−H−Si bonding was studied by density functional theory (DFT) computations. Preliminary reactivity study of 1‐H‐SiEt3 with small molecules was carried out. Interestingly, 1‐H‐SiEt3 reacts with benzophenone in hexane producing the deoxygenation product Ph2CH2. While in benzene, 1‐H‐SiEt3 reacts with benzophenone leading to mixture of Ph2CH2 and Ph3CH (3 : 1). Ph3CH is formed via addition of benzene to the carbonyl followed by deoxygenation. In contrast, the reaction of benzophenone with Et3SiH in presence of a catalytic amount of 1‐H‐SiEt3 leads to hydrosilylation product Ph2(H)C−OSiEt3.
DeepChestNet: Artificial intelligence approach for COVID‐19 detection on computed tomography images
Authors: Ağralı Mahmut , Kilic Volkan , Onan Aytuğ , Koç Esra Meltem , Koç Ali Murat , Büyüktoka Raşit Eren , Acar Türker , Adıbelli Zehra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe conventional approach for identifying ground glass opacities (GGO) in medical imaging is to use a convolutional neural network (CNN), a subset of artificial intelligence, which provides promising performance in COVID‐19 detection. However, CNN is still limited in capturing structured relationships of GGO as the texture and shape of the GGO can be confused with other structures in the image. In this paper, a novel framework called DeepChestNet is proposed that leverages structured relationships by jointly performing segmentation and classification on the lung, pulmonary lobe, and GGO, leading to enhanced detection of COVID‐19 with findings. The performance of DeepChestNet in terms of dice similarity coefficient is 99.35%, 99.73%, and 97.89% for the lung, pulmonary lobe, and GGO segmentation, respectively. The experimental investigations on DeepChestNet‐Lung, DeepChestNet‐Lobe and DeepChestNet‐COVID datasets, and comparison with several state‐of‐the‐art approaches reveal the great potential of DeepChestNet for diagnosis of COVID‐19 disease.
Ultrastable and highly efficient CsPbBr3 composites achieved by dual‐matrix encapsulation for display devices
Authors: Fan Chao , Liu Haipeng , Zhou Jianwu , Dai Xingliang , He Haiping , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with high stabilities and excellent optical performances are crucial for display applications. However, to date, perovskite emitters with both high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (PLQY) and high stabilities under harsh synergistic humidity–heat–light aging conditions have not been reported. The promising high‐temperature solid‐state sintering with single oxide matrices cannot ensure high PLQY and synergistic aging stabilities of perovskites. Herein, both the PLQY and overall (thermal, moisture, and photo) stabilities of all‐inorganic perovskite (CsPbBr3) NCs are improved by dual‐matrix encapsulation, which is accomplished by in situ crystallization of CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposites in silica molecular sieve (MS) templates via advanced solid‐state synthesis a using precisely controlled molar ratio of precursor components and cooling rates. The Cs4PbBr6 matrix effectively passivates the surfaces of CsPbBr3 NCs, and the MS matrix insulates CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6 from the external environment. The resulting CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6/MS composites exhibit the highest PLQY (>90%) among those of the solid‐state perovskite NCs and significant stabilities against water, heat, and blue light irradiation, maintaining more than 80% of their initial PL intensities after being aged for 1000 h under synergistic high‐humidity (85%), high‐temperature (85°C), and strong blue light irradiation (350 mW cm−2) conditions. To the best of our knowledge, these CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6/MS composites represent the most stable perovskite emitters under synergistic humidity–heat–light aging conditions. The liquid crystal display backlight module fabricated using these stable composites demonstrates a wide color gamut of 131% of the National Television Standards Committee standard. We speculate that this dual‐matrix encapsulation can be used for industrial mass production.image
Unveiling the main factors triggering the coagulation at the SiC‐blood interface
Authors: Parlak Zümray Vuslat , Labude‐Weber Norina , Neuhaus Kerstin , Schmidt Christina , Morgan Aaron David , Zybała Rafał , Gonzalez‐Julian Jesus , Neuss Sabine , Schickle Karolina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHemocompatibility is the most significant criterion for blood‐contacting materials in successful in vivo applications. Prior to the clinical tests, in vitro analyses must be performed on the biomaterial surfaces in accordance with the ISO 10993‐4 standards. Designing a bio‐functional material requires engineering the surface structure and chemistry, which significantly influence the blood cell activity according to earlier studies. In this study, we elucidate the role of surface terminations and polymorphs of SiC single crystals in the initial stage of the contact coagulation. We present a detailed analysis of phase, roughness, surface potential, wettability, consequently, reveal their effect on cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility by employing live/dead stainings, live cell imaging, ELISA and Micro BCA protein assay. Our results showed that the surface potential and the wettability strongly depend on the crystallographic polymorph as well as the surface termination. We show, for the first time, the key role of SiC surface termination on platelet activation. This dependency is in good agreement with the results of our in vitro analysis and points out the prominence of cellular anisotropy. We anticipate that our experimental findings bridge the surface properties to the cellular activities, and therefore, pave the way for tailoring advanced hemocompatible surfaces.
Role of VPS39, a key tethering protein for endolysosomal trafficking and mitochondria–lysosome crosstalk, in health and disease
Authors: Li Hanbing , Gong Wenwen , Sun Weiyun , Yao Yuanfa , Han Yubing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe coordinated interaction between mitochondria and lysosomes, mainly manifested by mitophagy, mitochondria‐derived vesicles, and direct physical contact, is essential for maintaining cellular life activities. The VPS39 subunit of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex could play a key role in the regulation of organelle dynamics, such as endolysosomal trafficking and mitochondria–vacuole/lysosome crosstalk, thus contributing to a variety of physiological functions. The abnormalities of VPS39 and related subunits have been reported to be involved in the pathological process of some diseases. Here, we analyze the potential mechanisms and the existing problems of VPS39 in regulating organelle dynamics, which, in turn, regulate physiological functions and disease pathogenesis, so as to provide new clues for facilitating the discovery of therapeutic targets for mitochondrial and lysosomal diseases.
KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutation rates, clinicopathological association, and their prognostic value in Iranian colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Mirzapoor Abbasabadi Zohreh , Hamedi Asl Dariush , Rahmani Babak , Shahbadori Rozhin , Karami Sara , Peymani Amir , Taghizadeh Sara , Samiee Rad Fatemeh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimMutations in KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA genes are critical factors in clinical evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. In Iran, however, the data regarding genetic profile of CRC patients is limited except for KRAS exon2 and BRAF V600F mutations. This study aimed to investigate the mutational spectrum and prognostic effects of these genes and explore the relationship between these mutations and clinicopathological features of CRC.MethodTo achieve these objectives, mutations in KRAS (exons 2, 3, and 4), NRAS (exons 2, 3, and 4), PIK3CA (exons 9 and 20), and BRAF (exon 15) was determined using PCR and pyrosequencing in a total of 151 patients with colorectal cancer.ResultsKRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations were identified in 41%, 5.96%, 3.97%, and 13.24% of the cases, respectively. There were some significant correlations between clinicopathological features and KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, and NRAS mutations. Mutations in KRAS and PIK3CA were shown to be independent risk factors for poor survival of the patients at stage I‐IV (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). No significant impact on prognosis was observed in patients with BRAF mutations.ConclusionOur study revealed the prevalence of CRC biomarkers mutations in Iranian patients and emphasized the role of KRAS and PIK3CA on shorter overall survival rates in this population.
CYLD inhibits osteoclastogenesis to ameliorate alveolar bone loss in mice with periodontitis
Authors: Cao Yuxin , Zhang Xinming , Hu Meilin , Yang Song , Li Xiaoyan , Han Ruohui , Zhou Jun , Li Dengwen , Liu Dayong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic immune inflammatory disease that can lead to the destruction and loss of the tooth‐supporting apparatus. During this process, the balance between bone absorption mediated by osteoclasts and bone formation mediated by osteoblasts is damaged. Consistent with previous studies, we observed that depletion of cylindromatosis (CYLD) resulted in an osteoporotic bone phenotype. However, the effect of CYLD deficiency on periodontitis is undetermined. Here, we investigated whether CYLD affects periodontal tissue homeostasis in experimental periodontitis in Cyld knockout (KO) mice, and we explored the underlying mechanisms. Interestingly, we discovered significant alveolar bone density loss and severely reduced alveolar bone height in Cyld KO mice with experimentally induced periodontitis. We observed increased osteoclast number and activity in both the femurs and alveolar bones, accompanied by the downregulation of osteogenesis genes and upregulation of osteoclastogenesis genes of alveolar bones in ligatured Cyld KO mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the deletion of CYLD in mice plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss and suggest that CYLD might exert an ameliorative effect on periodontal inflammatory responses.
A joint account with my future self: Self‐continuity facilitates adjustment of present spending to future income changes
Authors: Schanbacher Anja D. , Faro David , Botti Simona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIs consumers' present spending influenced by future changes in their income? From an economic perspective, consumers should reduce present spending when anticipating a future income decrease and boost spending when anticipating a future income increase to maximize their welfare. We find that although consumers tend to adjust their spending to a future income decrease, they are less likely to do so to a future income increase. We show that this is, in part, due to a low sense of self‐continuity, a tendency to view the future self whose income increases as if it were a different person and, as a result, to categorize present and future income into two separate mental accounts. Enhancing self‐continuity leads consumers to combine present and future income in a single mental account, and thereby facilitates adjustment of present spending to a future income increase. Whereas prior work linked high self‐continuity to reduced present spending, we identify a context in which high self‐continuity can boost present spending. We discuss the implications of these findings for consumer well‐being.
A comparison of simulation and traditional local anesthesia teaching methods among dental hygiene students
Authors: Thelen Rachel M. , Hormann Jill C. , Uppgaard Rachel , Evans Michael D. , Flynn Priscilla M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic forced dental educators to quickly modify the teaching‐learning platform without testing outcomes of alternative teaching methods prior to implementation. One critical course affected was the teaching of local anesthesia (LA) that moved from practicing injections using the traditional student‐to‐student method to the simulation model using manikins.PurposeThis study compared two LA teaching methods (student‐to‐student versus simulation) in two consecutive cohorts before and during the pandemic to assess differences in students’ skill level and self‐confidence.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study recruited a convenience sample of dental hygiene students at the University of Minnesota during 2020 and 2021. Consent was collected prior to student‐to‐student injection practice and survey distribution. Data collected were clinical and summative clinical assessments to determine LA skill level, and student surveys to assess self‐confidence. Analyses included descriptive statistics, linear models within and between cohorts, and inductive analysis for qualitative survey responses.ResultsFifty of 57 students (88%) completed the survey, and 54 (95%) consented access to their clinical assessments. Skill level was significantly higher for the simulation cohort compared to the student‐to‐student cohort on the LA summative clinical assessment (59.0 vs. 55.6, p = 0.004). No differences were found in self‐confidence between cohorts. A positive association was found between students’ self‐confidence and skill levels for both cohorts, but only student‐to‐student cohort results were statistically significant (student‐to‐student: r = 0.44, p = 0.02; simulation: r = 0.24, p = 0.26).ConclusionResults support incorporating simulation manikin teaching methods for LA with a student‐to‐student partner component.
Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the scolex of two Neotropical proteocephalidean species (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea)
Authors: Mutti Leonardo Damián , Franzese Sebastián , Ivanov Verónica Adriana , Arredondo Nathalia Jaquelina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe internal ultrastructure of the scolex and the histochemical composition of the apical glands of two South American proteocephalideans cestodes, Monticellia magna and Proteocephalus pimelodi, were described for the first time. The study included the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy to observe the tegumental ultrastructure, and histochemical techniques to detect types of gland secretion. Two types of glands were found in the scolex of M. magna and P. pimelodi. The pattern of microtriches described for M. magna was confirmed and that of P. pimelodi was described for the first time. Also, the internal ultrastructure of the microtriches in both species was described. Indications of the presence of sensory receptors were also found in M. magna. Finally, the systematic value of the characters studied is discussed, such as the internal structure of the gladiate spinitriches and the apocrine gland of M. magna.
KSHV hijacks FoxO1 to promote cell proliferation and cellular transformation by antagonizing oxidative stress
Authors: Li Tingting , Gao Shou‐Jiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of a highly short‐lived molecules that control diverse behaviors of cells. Normal cells maintain ROS balance to ensure their functions. Because of oncogenic stress, cancer cells often have excessive ROS, also known as oxidative stress, which are often counteracted by enhanced antioxidant systems to maintain redox homeostasis. Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which manifests hyper inflammation and oxidative stress as the hallmarks. We have previously shown that excessive ROS can disrupt KSHV latency by inducing viral lytic replication, leading to cell death. Paradoxically, most KS tumor cells are latently infected by KSHV in a highly inflammatory and oxidative stress tumor microenvironment, which is in part due to the activation of alternative complement and TLR4 pathways, indicating the existence of an enhanced antioxidant defense system in KS tumor cells. In this study, we show that KSHV upregulates antioxidant genes, including SOD2 and CAT by hijacking the forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), to maintain intracellular ROS level. Moreover, the fine‐tuned balance of ROS level in KSHV‐transformed cells is essential for cell survival. Consequently, KSHV‐transformed cells are extremely sensitive to exogenous ROS insult such as treatment with a low level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Either chemical inhibition or knockdown of FoxO1 by short interfering RNAs decreases the expression of antioxidant genes and subsequently increases the intracellular ROS level in KSHV‐transformed cells, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar. Mechanistically, KSHV‐encoded microRNAs and vFLIP upregulate FoxO1 by activating the NF‐κB pathway. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus counteracts oxidative stress by upregulating FoxO1, which is essential for KSHV‐induced cell proliferation and cellular transformation. Therefore, FoxO1 might be a potential therapeutic target for KSHV‐related malignancies.
Virome comparison (VC): A novel approach to comparing viromes based on virus species specificity and virome specificity diversity
Authors: Ma Zhanshan (Sam) 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe human virome, or the viral communities distributed on or in our body, is estimated to contain about 380 trillion of viruses (individuals), which has far reaching influences on our health and diseases. Obviously, the sheer numbers of viruses alone make the comparisons of two or multiple viromes extremely challenging. In fact, the theory of computation in computer science for so‐termed NP‐hard problems stipulates that the problem is unsolvable when the size of virome is sufficiently large even with fastest supercomputers. Practically, one has to develop heuristic and approximate algorithms to obtain practically satisfactory solutions for NP‐hard problems. Here, we extend the species‐specificity and specificity‐diversity framework to develop a method for virome comparison (VC). The VC method consists of a pair of metrics: virus species specificity (VS) and virome specificity diversity (VSD) and corresponding pair of random search algorithms. Specifically, the VS and VS permutation (VSP) test can detect unique virus species (US) or enriched virus species (ES) in each virome (treatment), and the VSD and VSD permutation (VSDP) test can further determine holistic differences between two viromes or their subsets (assemblages of viruses). The test with four virome data sets demonstrated that the VC method is effective, efficient, and robust.
Anticipating the transmissibility of the 2022 mpox outbreak
Authors: Liu Tuoyu , Yang Shan , Luo Boyu , Fan Xinyue , Zhuang Yingtan , Gao George F. , Bi Yuhai , Teng Yue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn ongoing outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) was first reported in the United Kingdom on 6 May 2022. As of 17 November, there had been a total of 80 221 confirmed MPXV cases in over 110 countries. Based on data reported between 6 May and 30 June 2022 in the United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany, we applied a deep learning approach using convolutional neural networks to evaluate the parameters of the 2022 MPXV outbreak. The basic reproduction number (R0) of MPXV was estimated to be 2.32 in the United Kingdom, which indicates the active diffusion of MPXV since the beginning of the outbreak. The data from Spain and Germany produced higher median R0 values of 2.42 and 2.88, respectively. Importantly, the estimated R0 of MPXV in the three countries tends to the previously calculated R0 of smallpox (3.50 to 6.00). Furthermore, the incubation (1/ε) and infectious (1/γ) period was predicted between 9 and 10 days and 4−5 days, respectively. The R0 value derived from MPXV is consistent with the significantly increasing number of cases, indicating the risk of a rapid spread of MPXV worldwide, which would provide important insights for the prevention and control of MPXV epidemic.