bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothesis testing for shapes using vectorized persistence diagrams
Authors: Moon Chul , Lazar Nicole A 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTopological data analysis involves the statistical characterization of the shape of data. Persistent homology is a primary tool of topological data analysis, which can be used to analyze topological features and perform statistical inference. In this paper, we present a two-stage hypothesis test for vectorized persistence diagrams. The first stage filters vector elements in the vectorized persistence diagrams to enhance the power of the test. The second stage consists of multiple hypothesis tests, with false positives controlled by false discovery rates. We demonstrate the flexibility of our method by applying it to a variety of simulated and real-world data types. Our results show that the proposed hypothesis test enables accurate and informative inferences on the shape of data compared to the existing hypothesis testing methods for persistent homology.
The Photographs of A. B. Ovenstone and the Reinvention of the Scottish Amateur Tradition
Authors: Blair Lindsay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper sets out to establish a contextual understanding of the body of work created by the little-researched amateur photographer Andrew Begbie Ovenstone (1851–1935) and to problematize the status of the Victorian amateur photographer in the Scottish Photographic tradition. Whilst acknowledging the generally accepted ‘social documentary’ characteristics of the Scottish photographic tradition, this paper argues that because they were less motivated by a moral or social agenda, amateur photographers like Ovenstone offer us a more nuanced perspective on late-Victorian society. One of the primary questions to be addressed is the extent to which Ovenstone’s photographs conform to convention and how far they show signs of an original perspective. Glasgow’s burgeoning sense of cultural identity, the prevailing attitude of Empire including notions of ‘self-fashioning’ and ‘othering’, as well as the didactic propensities of the photographic magazines of the day all had an important influence on the Victorian amateur photographer. Ovenstone’s photographs indicate the effect of these powerful forces. However, alongside the forces of convention, Ovenstone reveals himself to have been a genuine experimentalist. He kept two sets of albums, one of which reveals the ‘public’ amateur photographer who adhered to the conventions, tastes and aspirations of the day, whilst another set of more ‘private’ albums reveal a photographer of distinctive and original characteristics. The paper questions the narrow ascendent canon within the Scottish Victorian photographic tradition and shows that the role of the amateur photographer outside of that tradition is still undervalued and under researched.
Serum expression of tumor marker CA242 in patients with different gynecological diseases
Authors: Zhu Jing , Li Huidan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of CA242 in different types of gynecological diseases and its clinical significance.

Methods
A total of 1021 patients with gynecological diseases and 499 healthy female controls were included in the study. The serum CA242 levels were detected and median value, −log10P value, and positive rate were calculated. Serum CA125 and HE4 levels of patients with ovarian lesions were measured, and the predictive value for ovarian cancer was statistically analyzed.

Results
Higher serum CA242 levels were observed in patients with mature teratoma, ovarian cancer, and other gynecological tumor diseases than in healthy controls. In contrast, the CA242 levels in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, uterine polyps, or endometrial hyperplasia were comparable to that of controls. Moreover, serum CA242 expression was increased in malignant uterine and ovarian diseases compared with benign ones (P &lt; .05). Specifically, combining CA242, CA125, and HE4 yielded a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than single biomarkers (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Heterogeneous increases in tumor marker CA242 expression levels are observed in different gynecological diseases, suggesting its potential value for clinical diagnosis.
Chemical Analysis for Alkali Ion–exchanged Glass Using Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Kim Se-Ho , Stephenson Leigh T , Schwarz Torsten , Gault Baptiste 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The developing flexible ultrathin glass for use in foldable displays has attracted widespread attention as an alternative to rigid electronic smartphones. However, the detailed compositional effects of chemically strengthened glass are not well understood. Moreover, the spatially resolved chemistry and depth of the compression layer of tempered glass are far from clear. In this study, commonly used X-ray spectroscopy techniques and atom probe tomography (APT) were used comparatively to investigate the distribution of constituent elements in two representative smartphone glass samples: non- and chemically tempered. APT has enabled sub-nanoscale analyses of alkali metals (Li, Na, K, and Ca) and this demonstrates that APT can be considered as an alternative technique for imaging the chemical distribution in glass for mobile applications.
Low Complexity Regions in Proteins and DNA are Poorly Correlated
Authors: Enright Johanna M , Dickson Zachery W , Golding G Brian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLow complexity sequences (LCRs) are well known within coding as well as non-coding sequences. A low complexity region within a protein must be encoded by the underlying DNA sequence. Here, we examine the relationship between the entropy of the protein sequence and that of the DNA sequence which encodes it. We show that they are poorly correlated whether starting with a low complexity region within the protein and comparing it to the corresponding sequence in the DNA or by finding a low complexity region within coding DNA and comparing it to the corresponding sequence in the protein. We show this is the case within the proteomes of five model organisms: Homo sapiens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis thaliana. We also report a significant bias against mononucleic codons in LCR encoding sequences. By comparison with simulated proteomes, we show that highly repetitive LCRs may be explained by neutral, slippage-based evolution, but compositionally biased LCRs with cryptic repeats are not. We demonstrate that other biological biases and forces must be acting to create and maintain these LCRs. Uncovering these forces will improve our understanding of protein LCR evolution.
AZD8186 in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer: Results From a Phase Ib/II Study (KCSG ST18-20)
Authors: Suh Koung Jin , Ryu Min-Hee , Zang Dae Young , Bae Woo Kyun , Lee Hye Seung , Oh Hyeon Jeong , Kang Minsu , Kim Ji-Won , Kim Bum Jun , Mortimer Peter G S , Kim Hee Jung , Lee Keun-Wook 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Loss of PTEN function leads to increased PI3Kβ signaling. AZD8186, a selective PI3Kβ/δ inhibitor, has shown anti-tumor activity in PTEN-deficient preclinical models. This phase 1b/2 study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of AZD8186 and paclitaxel combination in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer (MRGC).

Methods
In the phase Ib dose-escalation, subjects with advanced solid tumors received oral AZD8186 (60 mg or 120 mg; twice daily (BID); 5 days on/2 days off) plus intravenous paclitaxel (70 mg/m2 or 80 mg/m2; days 1, 8, and 15) every 4 weeks. In the phase II part, MRGC patients with PTEN loss or PTEN/PIK3CB gene abnormality were enrolled and received recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of AZD8186 plus paclitaxel. Primary endpoints were to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and RP2D in phase Ib and 4-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate in phase II.

Results
In phase Ib, both MTD and RP2D were determined at paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and AZD8186 120 mg BID. In phase II, 18 patients were enrolled [PTEN loss (n = 18) and PIK3CB mutation (n = 1)]. The 4-month PFS rate was 18.8% (3 of 16 evaluable patients) and further enrollment stopped due to futility.

Conclusion
Although the combination of AZD8186 and paclitaxel was well tolerated, limited clinical efficacy was observed.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04001569.
Survival Analysis of 1140 Patients with Biliary Cancer and Benefit from Concurrent Renin-Angiotensin Antagonists, Statins, or Aspirin with Systemic Therapy
Authors: Gunchick Valerie , McDevitt Rachel L , Choi Elizabeth , Winslow Katherine , Zalupski Mark M , Sahai Vaibhav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have poor prognoses and limited therapeutic options. Renin-angiotensin antagonists (ACE-I/ARBs), statins, and aspirin may have potential anti-tumorigenic effects and decrease mortality per retrospective analyses in some solid tumors.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of ACE-Is/ARBs, statins, and/or aspirin concurrent to first-line systemic therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic BTC.MethodsAdult patients at University of Michigan with pathologic confirmation of BTC between January 2010 and December 2020 were included in this retrospective analysis.ResultsOf 1140 patients who met eligibility, a total of 509 patients received one or more concomitant medication(s) of interest in conjunction with systemic therapy for advanced cancer. In the total cohort, the overall survival for locally advanced patients (N = 305) was 16.3 months (95% CI: 12.1-18.6), and metastatic patients (N = 512) 8.6 months (95% CI: 7.6-9.5); P &lt; .0001. Within this concomitant medication cohort, patients with locally advanced stage (n = 132) experienced significantly longer progression-free survival (9.8 vs 4.5; P &lt; 0.0001), and overall survival (17.4 vs 10.6; P &lt; 0.0001) than those with metastatic (n = 297) cancer, respectively. Patients who received ACE-Is/ARBs, statins, and/or aspirin (n = 245) versus not (n = 264) concurrent with systemic anti-cancer therapy did not experience improved progression-free (5.5 vs 5.5 months; hazard ratio (HR) 1.1; P = 0.51), or overall survival (12.3 vs 12.6 months; HR 1.1; P = 0.18), respectively.ConclusionIn contrast to prior studies, no progression free or overall survival benefit in patients with advanced BTC from concurrent use of ACE-I/ARBs, statin, and/or aspirin with systemic therapy was observed when assessed by BTC subtype or specific systemic therapy regimen.
OsRbohI Regulates Rice Growth and Development via Jasmonic Acid Signalling
Authors: Qi Jiaxuan , Yang Shuaiqi , Salam Abdul , Yang Chunyan , Khan Ali Raza , Wu Junyu , Azhar Wardah , Gan Yinbo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules, generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases encoded by respiratory burst oxidase homologs. The functions of the OsRbohs gene family in rice are diverse and poorly understood. OsRbohI was recently identified as a newly evolved gene in the rice OsRbohs gene family. However, the function of OsRbohI in regulating rice growth is not yet reported. In this study, our results indicate that knockout (KO) OsRbohI mutants showed significantly shorter shoot and primary roots, along with lower ROS content than the control lines, whereas the overexpression (OE) lines displayed contrasting results. Further experiments showed that the abnormal length of the shoot and root is mainly caused by altered cell size. These results indicate that OsRbohI regulates rice shoot and root growth through the ROS signal. More importantly, RNA-seq analysis and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment demonstrated that OsRbohI regulates rice growth via the JA synthesis and signaling pathways. Compared with the control, the results showed that the KO mutants were more sensitive to JA, whereas the OE lines were less sensitive to JA. Collectively, our results reveal a novel pathway in which OsRbohI regulates rice growth and development by affecting their ROS homeostasis through JA synthesis and signaling pathway.
Universalists, Republicans and Rationalists: Exploring Health Sector Solidarity and Its Boundary through the Comparative Experience of Overseas Taiwanese
Authors: Yeh Ming-Jui , Yang Yi-Hua , Lin Yi-Ren 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Through users’ cross-system comparative experience engaging with the health systems in Taiwan and other countries, this article probes into their understandings and value judgments and specifically their reasonings for the ‘solidarity with whom?’ question in the health sector solidarity. With the cross-system comparison approach, the study adopted semi-structured interviews with 30 Taiwanese participants who have studied, lived or worked abroad and engaged with the health system in Canada, the USA or the UK. This approach offers the opportunity for one to evaluate the health system in the home country from a relative viewpoint from the host country. The participants suggested that the boundary of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) should be as inclusive as possible, covering all legal residents in Taiwan regardless of their status, and that the citizens should share more financial responsibility. The ethical reasons for supporting the NHI include recognizing health sector solidarity among people, considering the coverage as a protection of the human right to health, humanitarian reasons and self-interest. Three archetypes of users emerged from the synthesis: Universalists, Rationalists and Republicans. The cross-system comparative experience makes the participants have more supportive attitudes toward the ideals of health sector solidarity.
Modulating auxin response stabilizes tomato fruit set
Authors: Israeli Alon , Schubert Ramona , Man Nave , Teboul Naama , Serrani Yarce Juan Carlos , Rosowski Emily E , Wu Miin-Feng , Levy Matan , Efroni Idan , Ljung Karin , Hause Bettina , Reed Jason W , Ori Naomi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fruit formation depends on successful fertilization and is highly sensitive to weather fluctuations that affect pollination. Auxin promotes fruit initiation and growth following fertilization. Class A auxin response factors (Class A ARFs) repress transcription in the absence of auxin and activate transcription in its presence. Here, we explore how multiple members of the ARF family regulate fruit set and fruit growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, and test whether reduction of SlARF activity improves yield stability in fluctuating temperatures. We found that several tomato Slarf mutant combinations produced seedless parthenocarpic fruits, most notably mutants deficient in SlARF8A and SlARF8B genes. Arabidopsis Atarf8 mutants deficient in the orthologous gene had less complete parthenocarpy than did tomato Slarf8a Slarf8b mutants. Conversely, Atarf6 Atarf8 double mutants had reduced fruit growth after fertilization. AtARF6 and AtARF8 likely switch from repression to activation of fruit growth in response to a fertilization-induced auxin increase in gynoecia. Tomato plants with reduced SlARF8A and SlARF8B gene dosage had substantially higher yield than the wild type under controlled or ambient hot and cold growth conditions. In field trials, partial reduction in the SlARF8 dose increased yield under extreme temperature with minimal pleiotropic effects. The stable yield of the mutant plants resulted from a combination of early onset of fruit set, more fruit-bearing branches and more flowers setting fruits. Thus, ARF8 proteins mediate the control of fruit set, and relieving this control with Slarf8 mutations may be utilized in breeding to increase yield stability in tomato and other crops.
Moralization and extremism robustly amplify myside sharing
Authors: Marie Antoine , Altay Sacha , Strickland Brent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe explored whether moralization and attitude extremity may amplify a preference to share politically congruent (“myside”) partisan news and what types of targeted interventions may reduce this tendency. Across 12 online experiments (N = 6,989), we examined decisions to share news touching on the divisive issues of gun control, abortion, gender and racial equality, and immigration. Myside sharing was systematically observed and was consistently amplified when participants (i) moralized and (ii) were attitudinally extreme on the issue. The amplification of myside sharing by moralization also frequently occurred above and beyond that of attitude extremity. These effects generalized to both true and fake partisan news. We then examined a number of interventions meant to curb myside sharing by manipulating (i) the audience to which people imagined sharing partisan news (political friends vs. foes), (ii) the anonymity of the account used (anonymous vs. personal), (iii) a message warning against the myside bias, and (iv) a message warning against the reputational costs of sharing “mysided” fake news coupled with an interactive rating task. While some of those manipulations slightly decreased sharing in general and/or the size of myside sharing, the amplification of myside sharing by moral attitudes was consistently robust to these interventions. Our findings regarding the robust exaggeration of selective communication by morality and extremism offer important insights into belief polarization and the spread of partisan and false information online.
Rapid growth of Aitken-mode particles during Arctic summer by fog chemical processing and its implication
Authors: Kecorius Simonas , Hoffmann Erik H , Tilgner Andreas , Barrientos-Velasco Carola , van Pinxteren Manuela , Zeppenfeld Sebastian , Vogl Teresa , Madueño Leizel , Lovrić Mario , Wiedensohler Alfred , Kulmala Markku , Paasonen Pauli , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the Arctic, new particle formation (NPF) and subsequent growth processes are the keys to produce Aitken-mode particles, which under certain conditions can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCNs). The activation of Aitken-mode particles increases the CCN budget of Arctic low-level clouds and, accordingly, affects Arctic climate forcing. However, the growth mechanism of Aitken-mode particles from NPF into CCN range in the summertime Arctic boundary layer remains a subject of current research. In this combined Arctic cruise field and modeling study, we investigated Aitken-mode particle growth to sizes above 80 nm. A mechanism is suggested that explains how Aitken-mode particles can become CCN without requiring high water vapor supersaturation. Model simulations suggest the formation of semivolatile compounds, such as methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in fog droplets. When the fog droplets evaporate, these compounds repartition from CCNs into the gas phase and into the condensed phase of nonactivated Aitken-mode particles. For MSA, a mass increase factor of 18 is modeled. The postfog redistribution mechanism of semivolatile acidic and basic compounds could explain the observed growth of &gt;20 nm h−1 for 60-nm particles to sizes above 100 nm. Overall, this study implies that the increasing frequency of NPF and fog-related particle processing can affect Arctic cloud properties in the summertime boundary layer.
A 15-year Review of 260 Children With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder: II. Management and Outcomes
Authors: Morlet Thierry , O’Reilly Robert , Pritchett Cedric , Venskytis Emily , Parkes William 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
Following a review of the demographic and clinical characteristics of all pediatric patients diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) by a pediatric health care system from 2005 to 2020, the present report highlights the type and timing of intervention and outcomes in the same 260 patients with ANSD.

Design:
This was a retrospective study reviewing the demographic data, medical history, imaging studies, audiological and speech language data, type of audiological intervention (hearing aids or cochlear implants), and mode of communication in 260 pediatric patients diagnosed with ANSD over a 15-year period.

Results:
A significant decrease over time in the age at hearing aid fitting was observed. While a similar reduction in the age at implantation occurred over time, cochlear implantation is still rarely performed by 12 months of age in most ANSD patients. Among bilateral ANSD patients fitted with hearing aids, the majority (89.2%) did not benefit from conventional amplification and most received cochlear implants. Some hearing aid benefit for speech and language development was observed in 5.8%, though communication difficulties were persistent and most used a combination of oral and sign language for communication. Only six patients (5%) received significant benefit from their hearing aids for speech and language development.

Conclusions:
This review of ANSD management over a 15-year period reveals that hearing aids are not a viable option to develop speech and language for most infants and children with ANSD. This finding confirms previous reports and suggest that while hearing aid trials are warranted, children must be tracked closely so as to avoid delays in decision making. Cochlear implantation constitutes the major (if not only) rehabilitative intervention that allows for speech perception in patients who do not benefit from conventional amplification.
Outcome and Health-Related Quality of Life After Combined Anteroposterior Surgery Versus Anterior Surgery Alone in Subaxial Cervical Spine Fractures
Authors: Singh Aman , Blixt Simon , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian , Gerdhem Paul 
Published: April 2023

Study design.
Observational study on prospectively collected data.

Objectives.
To compare patient-reported outcomes and complications after anteroposterior surgery or anterior surgery in subaxial cervical spine fractures.

Summary of Background Data.
There is no consensus regarding the optimal surgical approach for subaxial cervical spine fractures. Although anterior surgery is often sufficient to restore stability, anteroposterior surgery is sometimes preferred in severe instability. The effects of a more extensive procedure on patient-reported outcomes have not been investigated. We hypothesized that patient-reported outcomes and complication rates were similar between these surgical approaches.

Materials and Methods.
Individuals treated with either a combined anteroposterior or anterior surgery alone between 2006 and 2016 and with at least 1-year follow-up were identified in the Swedish Spine Registry. Cases were matched 1:2 for age (±5 y). Outcomes were Neck Disability Index (NDI), EQ-5D-3L index, satisfaction, reoperations, and surgeon-reported and patient-reported complications within 90 days. Mann-Whitney U-tests and χ2 tests were used in statistical comparisons.

Results.
The median [interquartile range] number of instrumented vertebrae was 3 [2–5.5] in the anteroposterior group and 2 [2–3] in the anterior group (P<0.001). The mean±SD follow-up time was 3.5±2.3 years in the anteroposterior and 3.8±2.0 years in the anterior group (P=0.39), respectively. At follow-up, Neck Disability Index was 20 [6–37] in the anteroposterior group and 18 [3.5–40] in the anterior group (P=0.69), and the median EQ-5D-3L index was 0.73 [0.12–0.80] in the anteroposterior group and 0.75 [0.62–0.89] in the anterior group (P=0.27). Satisfaction with the treatment was reported by 90% in the anteroposterior group and by 87% in the anterior group (P=0.98). None of the individuals in the anteroposterior and 6 of the individuals in the anterior group were reoperated (P=0.18).

Conclusion.
Patients operated on with anteroposterior or anterior surgery for subaxial cervical spine fractures are equally satisfied and report similar health-related quality of life measures.