bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Progress on Spider‐Inspired Tough Fibers†
Authors: Liu Shiyong , Cui Zhanpeng , Liu Zunfeng , Zhao Weiqiang , Zhou Xiang 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummarySpider silk has attracted increasing attention due to its fascinating combination of ultra‐high tenacity high strength, and excellent elasticity. Based on the fundamental biological studies on spider silk, significant research efforts have been devoted to biotechnology and chemical synthesis to mimic or even exceed the properties of natural spider silk fibers. Moreover, the natural spider silk fiber has been simulated with the burgeoning development of numerous spinning technologies, including wet spinning, dry spinning, electrostatic spinning, and microfluidic spinning, which continuously help to optimize the properties of synthetic spider silk. The unique characteristics of natural spider silk include high refraction transmission, heat resistance, antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and super shrinking. Biconical recreation of spider silk with special features and extraordinary capabilities demonstrates potential applications in biomedicine, smart wearables, artificial muscles and sensors, aerospace and other domains.
Lower jaw‐to‐forepaw rapid and delayed reorganization in the rat forepaw barrel subfield in primary somatosensory cortex
Authors: Pellicer‐Morata Violeta , Wang Lie , Curry Amy de Jongh , Tsao Jack W. , Waters Robert S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe used the forepaw barrel subfield (FBS), that normally receives input from the forepaw skin surface, in rat primary somatosensory cortex as a model system to study rapid and delayed lower jaw‐to‐forepaw cortical reorganization. Single and multi‐unit recording from FBS neurons was used to examine the FBS for the presence of “new” lower jaw input following deafferentations that include forelimb amputation, brachial plexus nerve cut, and brachial plexus anesthesia. The major findings are as follows: (1) immediately following forelimb deafferentations, new input from the lower jaw becomes expressed in the anterior FBS; (2) 7–27 weeks after forelimb amputation, new input from the lower jaw is expressed in both anterior and posterior FBS; (3) evoked response latencies recorded in the deafferented FBS following electrical stimulation of the lower jaw skin surface are significantly longer in both rapid and delayed deafferents compared to control latencies for input from the forepaw to reach the FBS or for input from lower jaw to reach the LJBSF; (4) the longer latencies suggest that an additional relay site is imposed along the somatosensory pathway for lower jaw input to access the deafferented FBS. We conclude that different sources of input and different mechanisms underlie rapid and delayed reorganization in the FBS and suggest that these findings are relevant, as an initial step, for developing a rodent animal model to investigate phantom limb phenomena.
Effects of tumour heterogeneous properties on modelling the transport of radiative particles
Authors: Juma Victor Ogesa , Sainz‐DeMena Diego , Sánchez María Teresa , García‐Aznar José Manuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDose calculation plays a critical role in radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning, and there is a growing need to develop accurate dose deposition models that incorporate heterogeneous tumour properties. Deterministic models have demonstrated their capability in this regard, making them the focus of recent treatment planning studies as they serve as a basis for simplified models in RT treatment planning. In this study, we present a simplified deterministic model for photon transport based on the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) as a proof‐of‐concept to illustrate the impact of heterogeneous tumour properties on RT treatment planning. We employ the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the photon flux and dose deposition in real cases of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and neuroblastoma (NB) tumours. Importantly, in light of the availability of pipelines capable of extracting tumour properties from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, we highlight the significance of such data. Specifically, we utilise cellularity data extracted from DIPG and NB MRI images to demonstrate the importance of heterogeneity in dose calculation. Our model simplifies the process of simulating a RT treatment system and can serve as a useful starting point for further research. To simulate a full RT treatment system, one would need a comprehensive model that couples the transport of electrons and photons.
Dual Role of Silicon‐based Matrices in Electron Exchange Matrices for Waste Treatment
Authors: Cohen Noy , Shamir Dror , Kornweitz Haya , Albo Yael , Burg Ariela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPara chloro aniline (PCA) is a common toxic pollutant found in pharmaceutical wastewater. Our study suggests a novel PCA treatment method based on a heterogeneous advanced oxidation process (AOP) that proceeds in an electron exchange matrix (EEM) prepared by the incorporation of redox‐active specie in silica matrices using the sol‐gel synthesis route. The results, which are supported by DFT calculations, show that the silicon skeleton of the EEM has two important roles, both as a porous matrix that hosts the redox species and as an oxidant species involved in the AOP. The calculations indicate that the formation of a radical on the nitrogen is favored. The suggested mechanism could shed light on the AOP, which proceeds in a heterogenous system, and on its application inside the understudied EEMs that, until now, have been a virtual black box.A better understanding of the mechanism could lead to improved control over the heterogeneous processes that can play a critical role in industries with the need to treat small amounts of toxic compounds at low concentrations, such as in the pharmaceutical industry.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C–H Olefination for Nucleic Acid Production
Authors: Xie Ruoqian , Han Yunxi , Luo Wenhao , Zhao Qin , Li Yangyan , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed direct C–H olefination of unprotected uridine, 2′‐deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate, and uridine analogues are described here. This protocol provides an efficient, atom‐economical, and environmentally friendly method for the introduction of an alkenyl group at the C5 position of the uracil without pre‐functionalization. A series of C5‐alkenylated uridine analogues, including some biologically significant compounds and potential pharmaceutical candidates, were synthesized with exposed hydroxyl groups on the ribose. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: The reaction of uridine, 2′‐deoxyuridine, and sofosbuvir for the C–H olefination with methyl acrylateBasic Protocol 2: The reaction of uridine and 2′‐deoxyuridine for the C–H olefination with styrene
Genetic improvement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield in the Northern Great Plains of North America, 1959–2021
Authors: Boehm Jeffrey D. , Masterson Steve , Palmer Nathan , Cai Xiwen , Miguez Fernando 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlant breeding progress is often based on assessments of genetic gain, a measure of year‐on‐year improvement of newly developed varieties for important traits of interest. Herein, we present data from the USDA‐coordinated hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Northern Regional Performance Nursery (NRPN) collected from 1959 to 2021 for grain yield, grain volume weight, days‐to‐heading, and plant height and use it to estimate absolute and relative rates of genetic gain (loss) of the control cultivar "Kharkof" for winter wheats adapted to the Northern Great Plains of North America. Regression analyses revealed significant relative grain yield increases of 0.67% Kharkof year−1 or 39.2 kg ha−1 year−1 for the NRPN over the 63‐year period. From 2008 to 2021, however, negative linear relationships were observed for relative grain yield for all NRPN entries and the five highest yielding NRPN lines each year, with genetic grain yield losses estimated at −0.95 and −0.79% Kharkof year−1, respectively. Surprisingly, genetic progress for grain yield in the NRPN was limited to just 8.9 kg ha−1 year−1 over the past 13 years. Moreover, linear‐plateau models significantly (p < 0.0001) fit all relative and absolute yield datasets from 1959 to 2021, with yield plateaus beginning by 2008 for all groups. These results support that winter wheats adapted to the Northern Great Plains have reached an upper yield plateau and could be nearing a yield potential ceiling due to global warming or other combined abiotic and biotic environmental stressors that are straining the biophysical limits of the crop.
Emotion regulation and reactivity are associated with cortical thickness in early to mid‐childhood
Authors: Ewell Arcadia , Allard Tamara , Botdorf Morgan , Ji Angela , Riggins Tracy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study explored the neural correlates of emotion regulation and emotional reactivity in early to mid‐childhood. A sample of 96 children (70% White, mid‐to‐high socioeconomic status) aged 3–8 years provided structural neuroimaging data and caregivers reported on emotion regulation and emotional reactivity. The amygdala, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex were explored as a priori regions of interest (ROIs). ROI analyses revealed that emotion regulation was positively associated with cortical thickness in the insula, whereas emotional reactivity was negatively associated with cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus. Exploratory whole‐brain analyses suggested positive associations between emotion regulation and both left superior temporal thickness and right inferior temporal thickness, as well as negative associations between emotional reactivity and left superior temporal thickness. There were no significant associations between emotional regulation or reactivity and amygdala volume or cortical surface area. These findings support the notion that surface area and cortical thickness are distinct measures of brain maturation. In sum, these findings suggest that children may rely on a wider set of neural regions for emotion regulation and reactivity than adults, which is consistent with theories of interactive specialization across the life span.
Synthesis of Berkeleylactone A by Ring‐Closing Alkyne Metathesis
Authors: Schmidt Frank , Viswanathan Ammanath Aparna , Götz Friedrich , Maier Martin E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new route to the macrolactone antibiotic berkeleylactone A was developed. As a key step, a ring‐closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) of an ester substrate featuring 1‐propynyl termini was used. The carboxylic part of the substrate was easily assembled using alkyne chemistry, like carboxylation of a diyne followed by isomerization of the ynoate section to a dienoate and dihydroxylation of the 4,5‐double bond. The synthesis of the alcohol part of the ester started with opening of (R)‐propylene oxide with an acetylide and was followed by two triple bond migrations. After successful RCAM which formed the C8−C9 bond, the triple bond was selectively hydrogenated to the corresponding alkene before the 4,5‐diol was oxidized to the 5‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo derivative. At this stage, the thioether was formed and the 8,9‐double bond reduced. We also prepared the 8,9‐didehydro analog of berkeleylactone A. However, it turned out that its antimicrobial activity was slightly reduced.
Organophotocatalyzed Synthesis of Vinyl‐SCF3 and Benzoyl‐SCF3 Using a New N‐(SCF3)(CF3)‐Shelf‐Stable Reagent
Authors: Yang Yi , Tang Renhe , Abid Seifallah , Khrouz Lhoussain , Vantourout Julien C. , Tlili Anis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report the photocatalyzed C−SCF3 bond formation using a new shelf‐stable PhPh‐N‐(SCF3)(CF3) reagent I in combination with 4CzIPN as organophotocatalyst under blue LED irradiation. While the synthesis of vinyl‐SCF3 is performed in the presence of bromide salts as an activator of reagent I, the synthesis of trifluoromethylthioesters was undertaken using aldehydes as starting material in the presence of a hydrogen atom transfer catalyst (HAT). Preliminary mechanistic investigations including EPR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry analysis shed the light on the reaction mechanisms.
Understanding the benefits and challenges of creating customized flex‐path degrees
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: July 2023

CHICAGO — Creating customized degrees is a way to serve the needs of your local marketplace, both by providing skilled workers and by offering adult learners a chance to pursue something directly in line with their own career goals and interests. But scaling these programs — making it possible to have a wide range of options for your students without competing internally with your own programs — can prove to be a challenge.
Burst of hopping trafficking correlated reversible dynamic interactions between lipid droplets and mitochondria under starvation
Authors: Ye Zhongju , Hu Chengyuan , Wang Junli , Liu Hua , Li Luping , Yuan Jie , Ha Ji Won , Li Zhaohui , Xiao Lehui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDynamic membrane contacts between lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria play key roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Understanding the dynamics of LDs under energy stimulation is thereby crucial to disclosing the metabolic mechanism. Here, the reversible interactions between LDs and mitochondria are tracked in real‐time using a robust LDs‐specific fluorescent probe (LDs‐Tags). Through tracking the dynamics of LDs at the single‐particle level, spatiotemporal heterogeneity is revealed. LDs in starved cells communicate and integrate their activities (i.e., lipid exchange) through a membrane contact site‐mediated mechanism. Thus the diffusion is intermittently alternated between active and confined states. Statistical analysis shows that the translocation of LDs in response to starvation stress is non‐Gaussian, and obeys nonergodic‐like behavior. These results provide deep understanding of the anomalous diffusion of LDs in living cells, and also afford guidance for rationally designing efficient transporter.
High‐accuracy machine learning techniques for functional connectome fingerprinting and cognitive state decoding
Authors: Hannum Andrew , Lopez Mario A. , Blanco Saúl A. , Betzel Richard F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe human brain is a complex network comprised of functionally and anatomically interconnected brain regions. A growing number of studies have suggested that empirical estimates of brain networks may be useful for discovery of biomarkers of disease and cognitive state. A prerequisite for realizing this aim, however, is that brain networks also serve as reliable markers of an individual. Here, using Human Connectome Project data, we build upon recent studies examining brain‐based fingerprints of individual subjects and cognitive states based on cognitively demanding tasks that assess, for example, working memory, theory of mind, and motor function. Our approach achieves accuracy of up to 99% for both identification of the subject of an fMRI scan, and for classification of the cognitive state of a previously unseen subject in a scan. More broadly, we explore the accuracy and reliability of five different machine learning techniques on subject fingerprinting and cognitive state decoding objectives, using functional connectivity data from fMRI scans of a high number of subjects (865) across a number of cognitive states (8). These results represent an advance on existing techniques for functional connectivity‐based brain fingerprinting and state decoding. Additionally, 16 different functional connectome (FC) matrix construction pipelines are compared in order to characterize the effects of different aspects of the production of FCs on the accuracy of subject and task classification, and to identify possible confounds.
Determinants of pre‐eclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal care and delivery services at Bahir Dar public hospitals, northwest Ethiopia: A case‐control study
Authors: Tesfa Endalamaw , Munshea Abaineh , Nibret Endalkachew , Gizaw Solomon Tebeje 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPre‐eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy‐related syndrome that occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The current study was designed to evaluate the determinants of PE in pregnant women following antenatal and delivery services.MethodsAn institution‐based case‐control study was performed in governmental hospitals of Bahir Dar city. The data were collected using an interview‐administered questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized for the analysis of variables. A p < 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance.ResultsIn this study, the mean ages (in years) of cases and controls were 28.20 ± 5.66 and 27.52 ± 4.70, respectively. Factors such as: being primiparous (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.19 at 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.71, 5.97), family history of hypertension (HTN) (AOR: 4.14 at 95% CI: 1.71, 10.05), previous history of PE (AOR: 7.97 at 95% CI: 2.42, 26.63), number of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR: 5.43 at 95% CI: 2.86, 10.33), not taking iron and folic acid supplement (AOR: 4.46 at 95% CI: 1.59, 12.48), body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR: 3.47 at 95% CI: 1.78, 6.77), not consuming vegetables (AOR: 1.99 at 95% CI: 1.07, 3.69) and not consuming egg, milk and milk products (AOR: 3.00 at 95% CI: 1.47, 6.11) were the determinants of PE.ConclusionIn this study, different determinants of PE were identified. Hence, special attention should be given for primiparous women, women having previous history of PE and family history of HTN. Moreover, nutritional counseling should be given for pregnant women during ANC visits. Besides, higher officials should design an appropriate strategy to increase the number of mothers to complete their ANC visits and to take iron and folic acid supplements. Furthermore, to verify the determinants of PE, community‐based cohort studies are warranted.
Anti‐tumor and cardiotoxic effects of microtubule polymerization inhibitors: The mechanisms and management strategies
Authors: Tochinai Ryota , Nagashima Yoshiyasu , Sekizawa Shin‐ichi , Kuwahara Masayoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicrotubule polymerization inhibitors (MPIs) have long been used as anticancer agents because they inhibit mitosis. Microtubules are thought to play an important role in the migration of tumor cells and the formation of tumor blood vessels, and new MPIs are being developed. Many clinical trials of novel MPIs have been conducted in humans, while some clinical studies in dogs have also been reported. More attempts to apply MPIs not only in humans but also in the veterinary field are expected to be made in the future. Meanwhile, MPIs have a risk of cardiotoxicity. In this paper, we review findings on the pharmacological effects and cardiotoxicity of MPIs, as well as the mechanisms of their cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity of MPIs involves not only the direct effects of MPIs on cardiomyocytes but also their effects on vascular function. For example, hypertension induced by impaired vascular function also contributes to the exacerbation of myocardial damage, and blood pressure control may be useful in reducing cardiotoxicity. By combined administration of MPIs and other anticancer agents, MPI efficacy may be enhanced, thereby potentially allowing to keep MPI dosage low. Measurement of myocardial injury markers in blood and echocardiography may be useful for monitoring cardiotoxicity. In particular, two‐dimensional speckle tracking may have high sensitivity for the early detection of MPI‐induced cardiac dysfunction. The exploration of the potential of new MPIs while understanding their toxicity and how to deal with them will lead to the further development of cancer chemotherapy.
More frequent naps are associated with lower cognitive development in a cohort of 8–38‐month‐old children, during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gliga Teodora , Hendry Alexandra , Kong Shannon P. , Ewing Ben , Davies Catherine , McGillion Michelle , Gonzalez‐Gomez Nayeli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHow often a child naps, during infancy, is believed to reflect both intrinsic factors, that is, the need of an immature brain to consolidate information soon after it is acquired, and environmental factors. Difficulty accounting for important environmental factors that interfere with a child's sleep needs (e.g., attending daycare) has clouded our ability to understand the role of intrinsic drivers of napping frequency.MethodsHere we investigate sleep patterns in association with two measures of cognitive ability, vocabulary size, measured with the Oxford‐Communicative Development Inventory (N = 298) and cognitive executive functions (EF), measured with the Early EF Questionnaire (N = 463), in a cohort of 8–38‐month‐olds. Importantly, because of the social distancing measures imposed during the Covid‐19 Spring 2020 lockdown, in the UK, measures of sleep were taken when children did not access daycare settings.ResultsWe find that children with more frequent but shorter naps than expected for their age had lower concurrent receptive vocabularies, lower cognitive EF and a slower increase in expressive vocabulary from spring to winter 2020, when age, sex, and SES were accounted for. The negative association between vocabulary and frequency of naps became stronger with age.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the structure of daytime sleep is an indicator of cognitive development and highlight the importance of considering environmental perturbations and age when investigating developmental correlates of sleep.
Record of a juvenile of Ahytherium aureum from the Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian Intertropical Region: radiocarbon dating, isotopic palaeoecology and evidence of predation by a Felidae
Authors: Costa João Paulo da , de Araújo‐Júnior Hermínio Ismael , Barbosa Fernando Henrique de Souza , Dantas Mário André Trindade 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTTeeth and bone remains belonging to the juvenile Megalonychidae family were found in Engrunado cave (Nova Redenção, Bahia, Brazil). We propose an index between the mesiodistal/vestibulo‐lingual measurements of caniniforms and molariforms (Imd/vl) to differentiate isolated teeth of Ahytherium aureum and Australonyx aquae, and based on this index, we suggest that the fossil material belonged to A. aureum. The diaphysis of the right humerus of A. aureum presents biogenic marks assigned to the ichnospecies Nihilichnus nihilicus, suggesting dietary interactions and potential predation by a large felid. Radiocarbon dating and carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses suggest that this individual lived in the region between 36 181 and 41 094 Cal yr
bp, feeding on C3 plant resources (fruit and leaves) in a low‐density forest. The revision of radiocarbon dating and carbon and oxygen isotopes for some species found in the Engrunado cave and in the nearby Marota cave enables a climate reconstruction and indicates the maintenance of a forested environment in the region between 15 and 40 kyr.