bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refine the semantics and reinforce the perception of small object detection
Authors: Yuan Heng , Wang Jiali , Meng Qingjiao , Han Rongteng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For SSD (single-lens multi-box detector) algorithm, due to the lack of shallow feature semantic information and the imbalance of context information, a multi-layer feature fusion method is proposed to improve it. Firstly, deep separable convolution is added to the shallow network structure, and shallow semantic information is strengthened by channel convolution and point convolution; then the deep and shallow networks are refined by deconvolution and empty convolution to obtain more receptive fields and pay more attention to small targets; finally, attention mechanism is added to the deep network to improve the detection ability of small targets and improve the detection accuracy of small targets. The proposed feature refinement mechanism combined with enhanced semantic information after downsampling extends its resolution by deconvolution and improves the accuracy of small object detection. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy is improved by 5.56% and recall by 9.48% on the VOC2007 and 2012 datasets.
YOLO object detection models can locate and classify broad groups of flower-visiting arthropods in images
Authors: Stark Thomas , Stefan Valentin , Wurm Michael , Spanier Robin , Taubenboeck Hannes , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Develoment of image recognition AI algorithms for flower-visiting arthropods has the potential to revolutionize the way we monitor pollinators. Ecologists need light-weight models that can be deployed in a field setting and can classify with high accuracy. We tested the performance of three deep learning light-weight models, YOLOv5nano, YOLOv5small, and YOLOv7tiny, at object recognition and classification in real time on eight groups of flower-visiting arthropods using open-source image data. These eight groups contained four orders of insects that are known to perform the majority of pollination services in Europe (Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) as well as other arthropod groups that can be seen on flowers but are not typically considered pollinators (e.g., spiders-Araneae). All three models had high accuracy, ranging from 93% to 97%. Intersection over union (IoU) depended on the relative area of the bounding box, and the models performed best when a single arthropod comprised a large portion of the image and worst when multiple small arthropods were together in a single image. The model could accurately distinguish flies in the family Syrphidae from the Hymenoptera that they are known to mimic. These results reveal the capability of existing YOLO models to contribute to pollination monitoring.
The Arabidopsis SPL9 transcription factor modulates phosphate acquisition and miR399f expression under phosphate deficiency
Authors: An Guoyong , Lei Kaijian , Ren Jing , Niu Miao , Gu Dalu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Transcription factors have a crucial part in the signaling of Pi deficiency. We report here that the SPL9 of Arabidopsis modulates the phosphate (Pi) deficiency response. To investigate the above, the Pi uptake and content, rhizosphere acidification capacity and anthocyanin content of 35S:rSPL9 (the miR156-resistant form of SPL9) plants were determined. Yeast one-hybrid, transient transfection and ChIP assays were applied to investigate the SPL9 protein binds to the miR399f promoters. The phenotypes of 35S:SPL3 35S:SPL9 lines under Pi deficiency were also determined. The results show that the Pi uptake and content in 35S:rSPL9 plants increased in comparison to the wild-type plants. The decreased rhizosphere acidification capacity and reduced rhizosphere acidification phenotypes in 35S:rSPL9 transgenic plants were observed under the Pi-deficient conditions. The anthocyanin accumulation of 35S:rSPL9 plants was also decreased in response to low Pi stress. The SPL9 protein binds directly to the miR399f promoters at their GTAC motifs. We also found that SPL3 and SPL9 have redundant functions during Pi deficiency responses. These results suggest that SPL9 in Arabidopsis takes part in Pi deficiency response by regulating miR399f expression.
Hsa_circ_0013561 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor progression by regulating ANXA2 via miR-23b-3p in ovarian cancer
Authors: Qin Jinlong , Lv Jia , Zhang Yijun , Yang Mengying , Qiao Lianqiao , Wang Huihui , Jiang Huici , Fu Mingxu , Jin Mingming , Xu Shaohua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide and its tumorigenesis and progression are largely unknown. As an important class of endogenous regulatory non-coding RNAs, Circular RNAs play a critical role in various cancers. Our preliminary experiment discovered that hsa_circ_0013561 was aberrantly expressed in OC. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The expression of hsa_circ_0013561 in OC cells and tissues was detected by RT-qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The effects of hsa_circ_0013561 on the proliferation and metastasis of OC were explored by functional experiments such as cell counting kit 8, transwell, and tumor xenograft models. To mechanistically understand the regulatory role of hsa_circ_0013561, bioinformatics analysis, Western blot, luciferase reporter assay, and a series of rescue experiments were applied. We found that the hsa_circ_0013561 expression was elevated in OC cells and tissues, and was correlated with metastasis formation. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0013561 suppressed the proliferation and migration of OC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the interactions of hsa_circ_0013561, luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-23b-3p and Annexin A2 (ANXA2) were its downstream targets. MiR-23b-3p inhibition or ANXA2 overexpression reversed OC cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) post-hsa_circ_0013561 silencing. Moreover, ANXA2 overexpression also reversed OC cell migration, proliferation, and EMT after miR-23b-3p upregulation. Our data suggest that hsa_circ_0013561 increases the expression of ANXA2 through regulating miR-23b-3p competitively, resulting in EMT and metastasis of OC. Thus, hsa_circ_0013561 may serve as a novel oncogenic biomarker for OC progression.
Identification of key immune biomarkers and key immune cells in lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Wen Huaichang , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a widespread orthopedic disease, with no proper treatment resolution. Hence, it is of great significance to identify key biomarkers for LDH patients.
Methods
We retrieved the transcriptome and clinical information of LDH patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential gene expressions (DEGs) were obtained via the limma package. Gene Set Enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted on the identified DEGs. Subsequently, key LDH-related module genes were selected using the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and immune-linked DEGs (IRDEGs) were then acquired via the intersection of DEGs, key module genes, and immune-related genes. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was further performed to identify the diagnostic genes. Finally, we conducted immune infiltration analysis, and the association between key genes and core immune cells were further assessed.
Results
In all, we identified 38 IRDEGs, and 3 key genes, namely, STAT3, CSF3R, and IL1R1 were further identified via PPI network construction. ROC curves were employed to assess the diagnostic ability of key genes, and 2 key genes, namely, STAT3 and CSF3R were identified to be highly expressed among LDH patients. Lastly,our correlation analysis revealed that the STAT3 and CSF3R were directly associated with neutrophils, and inversely associated with CD8 T cells.
Conclusion
Herein, we successfully identified two key immune biomarkers, namely, STAT3 and CSF3R, and three key immune cells, namely, neutrophils,monocytes, and CD8 T cells. Together, our findings provide a new direction for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of LDH.
Cardiovascular diseases, risk factors, and ulcer relapse in older adults with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yao Hui , Deng Yiwen , Du Guanhuan , Wang Yufeng , Tang Guoyao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives To test the hypothesis that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and risk factors are associated with ulcer relapse in after-retirement patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Subjects and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of 40 minor RAS patients aged 55–75 years, admitted to Oral Medicine Clinic at one university hospital in China between 2016 and 2018. The diagnosis of minor RAS was made based on the history and manifestation of oral ulcers. The ulcer relapse was evaluated after a 5-week anti-inflammatory treatment, and the history of systemic diseases was collected. CVD/MR referred to the presence of any CVDs and metabolic CVD risks. Associations among CVDs, risk factors, and ulcer relapse were evaluated. Results The mean age of 40 patients with minor RAS was 62.4 years (SD 5.1), and 40% were men. The ulcer relapse rate was 37.5% (95% CI, 0.242–0.530). The proportion of CVD/MR was higher in the relapse group than in the no-relapse group after 5-week anti-inflammatory treatment (Fisher’s exact test,P = 0.041). Conclusions CVD/MR was associated with ulcer relapse after anti-inflammatory treatment. Clinical Relevance: Healthcare providers must counsel patients about CVDs plus metabolic CVD risks and provide timely intervention.
Multisynchronization of Delayed Fractional-Order Neural Networks via Average Impulsive Interval
Authors: WANG XUE , DING XIAOSHUAI , LI JIAN , CAO JINDE 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the multisynchronization problem of delayed fractional-order neural networks with uncertain parameters. Firstly, partition space method is used to determine that each subnetwork of fractional-order neural networks has Πnj =1 (Kj + 1) locally Mittag-Leffler stable periodic orbits or equilibrium points. Secondly, a universal impulsive controller based on average impulsive interval is proposed to impose on each node except the last one, then sufficient conditions for the dynamical and static multisynchronization of whole systems are given. In addition, it is also proved that the results are compatible for the integer-order networks. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results.
The Hippocampal Glutamate/GABA System is Affected by Aging but not by an Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pathology in Rats
Authors: Burnyasheva Alena O. , Stefanova Natalia A. , Kolosova Nataliya G. , Telegina Darya V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Glutamate and GABA are the most abundant neurotransmitters in the CNS and play a critical role in synaptic stability and plasticity. Glutamate and GABA homeostasis is important for healthy aging and for reducing the risk for various neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we analyzed age-dependent alterations of expression of glutamate, GABA, and enzymes that synthesize them (glutaminase, glutamine synthetase, GABA-T, and GAD67), transporters (GLAST, GLT1, and GAT1), and relevant receptors (GluA1, NMDAR1, NMDA2B, and GABAAr1) in the whole hippocampus of Wistar rats and of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. The latter are considered a suitable model of the most common (sporadic) type of AD. Our results suggest that in the hippocampus, there is a significant decline of glutamate and GABA signaling with aging (in Wistar rats), but in OXYS rats, there are no significant changes or compensatory enhancements in this system within the hippocampus during the development of neurodegenerative processes that are characteristic of AD.
Temperature management in the ICU: A practical survey from China
Authors: Wang Chaofan , Liu Xinyan , Wang Qizhi , Bi Yang , Zhu Kehan , Yue Yanru , Wang Chunting , Song Xuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Temperature management is an important aspect of the treatment of critically ill patients. While body temperature is regularly recorded in ICUs, there is variation in measurement location and instrumentation. Additionally, there is currently no standardized temperature at which intervention becomes necessary, nor are there standards for which cooling method should be used.
Methods
A 20-question survey was used to gather information on temperature management strategies from ICUs across China. Data such as method and frequency of temperature measurement, management goals, cooling measures, and management recommendations were collected.
Results
A total of 425 questionnaires from unique ICUs were included in the study, with responses collected from all provinces and autonomous regions in China. Mercury thermometers were the most widely used measurement tool (82.39%), and the axilla was the most common measurement site (96.47%). There was considerable variability in the frequency of temperature measurement, the temperature at which intervention should begin, intervention duration, and temperature management goals. While there was no clearly preferred drug-based cooling method, the most widely used equipment-based cooling method was the ice blanket machine (93.18%). The most frequent recommendations for promoting temperature management were continuous monitoring and targeted management.
Conclusion
Our investigation revealed a high level of variability in the methods of temperature measurement and management among ICUs in China. Since fever is a common clinical symptom in critically ill patients and can lead to prolonged ICU stays, we propose that standardized guidelines are urgently needed for the management of body temperature in these patients.
Multi-Stage Intrusion Detection System aided by Grey Wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Chatterjee Somnath , Shaw Vaibhav , Das Ranit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is frequently used for monitoring and detecting malicious activities in network traffic. A typical NIDS has four stages: a data source, data pre-processing, a decision-making technique, and a defense reaction. We have utilized both anomaly and signature based techniques to build a framework which is resilient to identifying both known and unknown attack. The incoming data packet is fed into the Stacked Autoencoder to identify whether it is a benign or malicious. If found to be malicious we extract the most relevant features from the network packet using Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm. Then these attribute are provided to RandomForest classifier to determine if this malign attack is present in our knowledge base. If it is present we progress to identify the attack type using LightGBM classifier. If not, we term it as zero-day attack. To evaluate the usability of the proposed framework we have assessed it using two publicly available datasets namely UNSW-NB15 and CIC-IDS-2017 dataset. We have obtained an accuracy of 90.94% and 99.67% on the datasets respectively.
Collective Motion Of Mutually Coupled Thomas Oscillators: Spatially Seperated Swirling Motion And Eddy Diffusion
Authors: Vijayan Vinesh , Ganguli Biplab 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this letter, we report a numerical study on the collective dynamics of two mutually coupled Thomas oscillators with linear/nonlinear coupling. Thomas system is a biologically motivated system with feedback circuits and extraordinary dynamical features that can lead to the design of novel materials. Our model calculations can explain the diffusion of interacting particles in a fluid for the specific choice of system parameters. In a fluid, frequent momentum transfer between particles keeps them moving with correlated time behaviour, and we treat it as a synchronization process. The linear diffusive coupling is equivalent to weak momentum transfer, leading to conventional dynamics and synchronization. The sinusoidal nonlinear coupling, or harmonic momentum transfer, produces exceptional dynamical features. The coupled system passes through an interval of transient chaos before it settles into a chaotic or limit cycle attractor. When the attractor is chaotic or an unstable transient attractor, the nature of synchronization is complete (directed motion). In contrast, it is either lag, anti-lag, or space lag for a limit cycle. In such situations, the diffusion is due to particles pedalling and eddy/swirling motion on top of translatory motion via transient chaos. Also, the trajectories of the two particles in the state space resemble the chiral phenomenon.
Wake slow waves in focal human epilepsy impact network activity and cognition
Authors: Sheybani Laurent , Vivekananda Umesh , Rodionov Roman , Diehl Beate , Chowdhury Fahmida , McEvoy Andrew , Miserocchi Anna , Bisby James , Bush Daniel , Burgess Neil , Walker Matthew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Slow waves of neuronal activity are a fundamental component of sleep that are proposed to have homeostatic and restorative functions. Despite this, their interaction with pathology is unclear and there is only indirect evidence of their presence during wakefulness. Using intracortical recordings from the temporal lobe of 25 patients with epilepsy, we demonstrate the existence of local wake slow waves (LoWS) with key features of sleep slow waves, including the down-state of neuronal firing. LoWS were distinct from slow waves recorded in people without epilepsy and showed evidence of adaptation during periods of increased normal (cognitive task) and abnormal (interictal epileptiform discharges, IEDs) activity. Importantly, we also provide evidence that LoWS reduce increases in network excitability during IEDs but are associated with poorer memory. We therefore propose an “epilepsy homeostasis hypothesis”: that slow waves are activated in epilepsy to reduce aberrant activity at the price of transient cognitive impairment.
Osteopetrosis in cattle
Authors: Leipold H. W. , Dennis S. M. , Schalles R. 
Published: March 2023

Osteopetrosis, a generalized defect of the skeletal system has been reported in U.S. and Canadian Angus calves more recently in Hereford calves, a Simmental calf in Kansas, a Simmental calf in Holland, and a Dutch Friesian calf in Holland.
The pathology and genetic data of osteopetrosis in Angus and Hereford calves are reported here.
Water Buffalo
Authors: Cockrill W. Ross 
Published: March 2023

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a neglected bovine animal with a notable and so far unexploited potential, especially for meat and milk production. World buffalo stocks, which at present total 150 million in some 40 countries, are increasing steadily.
It is important that national stocks should be upgraded by selective breeding allied to improved management and nutrition but, from the standpoint of increased production and the full realization of potential, it is equally important that crossbreeding should be carried out extensively especially in association with schemes to increase and improve buffalo meat production.
Meat from buffaloes which are reared and fed for early slaughter is of excellent quality. Because the buffalo is a superb converter, meat can be produced at lower cost than with cattle and without the need for expensive fodders and concentrates.
There is growing interest, in both the advanced and the developing countries, in the full exploitation of the domestic water buffalo, as is shown by the expanding international trade in breeding stock and the establishment of many new herds in countries where the buffalo is a newcomer. The upsurge of international interest and activity is not yet shared by the United States, though the future for this attractive, tractable, and productive animal is one of undoubted and outstanding promise.
Differential diagnosis of the right sided "ping"
Authors: Hull B. L. 
Published: March 2023

When an auscultable “ping” is discovered on the right side of a bovine animal during physical examination, extreme care must be taken in evaluating its significance. Although the “ping” should be considered abnormal, it is not always an indication of a surgical condition. Conversely, it may be a life threatening condition requiring immediate surgical intervention.
The usual causes of a right sided “ping” are: 1) right displacement of the abomasum, 2) abomasal torsion, 3) cecal torsion, 4) gas in the abdominal cavity, 5) duodenal gas, and 6) colonic gas. Of these, the first three are generally considered surgical diseases and the last 3 are generally medical conditions.
Diagnosis of disease of the bovine liver
Authors: Pinsent P. J. N. 
Published: March 2023

But, again, it must be stressed that the farmer will, by and large, no longer tolerate expensive laboratory and diagnostic procedures on any but the most valuable individual cows.
So what is the formula for successful diagnosis of liver disease?
As far as the writer is concerned there is one rigid rule. Just as one must never examine a cow without checking the udder, so one must never examine a cow, particularly a dairy cow, without considering the liver.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and acute respiratory distress syndrome in cattle
Authors: Frey Merwin L. 
Published: March 2023

This information is presented here to encourage continued and more enlightened clinical observation and history-taking, which will permit still more accurate speculation on the various pathogenetic mechanisms involved in producing RSV-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
The differences between human and bovine origin strains of RSV appear to be minor - probably no greater than with PI-3 strains from the respective species. Herein distinction is seldom made between bovine RSV (BRSV) and human RSV (HRSV), and any described experimental infections in those two host species were done using species-homologous strains.
Right horn-left horn pregnancy diagnosis as a means of evaluating A.I. Technique
Authors: Darlington Robert L. 
Published: March 2023

In a study conducted in Washington state involving 2,800 first-service inseminations of four large Holstein dairies, it was reported that the two largest reasons for nonconception to first-service were 1) variability between inseminators and 2) variability between bulls.
Within a particular dairy, variation between and among bulls can be evaluated using conception data provided by A.I. studs with the herds’ DHIA records. So, we are left with a need to evaluate the inseminator/ technician on an ongoing- basis. Every inseminator on the farm should be evaluated whether it be a herdsman, owner, or profesisonal inseminator.
Economic importance of digital diseases in cattle
Authors: Weaver A. David 
Published: March 2023

Lameness in dairy cows is undoubtedly an important cause of economic loss to the milk industry, ranking third or fourth after mastitis, infertility, and possibly metabolic diseases. Information on losses in young cattle and beef stock due to lameness is very scanty, and this paper is only concerned with adult dairy cattle, and primarily the cow rather than the bull. Of course lameness due to infectious systemic diseases, a prime example being Foot and Mouth disease, causes severe weight loss due to discomfort, pain and the development of secondary infection where, in countries without a slaughter policy, affected cattle are permitted to survive and probably to make a partial recovery. But I must exclude infectious systemic diseases and consider only primary digital diseases.
The importance of economic loss due to digital diseases is difficult to quantify with any precision. One requires to know a) the proportion of the population at risk which is affected; b) the different ways in which economic loss may arise; c) the average financial'loss due to each of the factors (b above) in an individual dairy cow which is lame.