bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An MRI-based radiomics nomogram for differentiating spinal metastases from multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Menghan , Li Sha , Cui Jingjing , Zhang Guang , Wang Ximing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Spinal metastasis and multiple myeloma share many overlapping conventional radiographic imaging characteristics, thus, their differentiation may be challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an MRI-based radiomics nomogram for the differentiation of spinal metastasis and multiple myeloma.

Materials and methods
A total of 312 patients (training set: n = 146, validation set: n = 65, our center; external test set: n = 101, two other centers) with spinal metastasis (n = 196) and multiple myeloma (n = 116) were retrospectively enrolled. Demographics and MRI findings were assessed to build a clinical factor model. Radiomics features were extracted from MRI images. A radiomics model was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. A radiomics nomogram combining the radiomics signature and independent clinical factors was constructed. And, one experienced radiologist reviewed the MRI images for all case. The diagnostic performance of the different models was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
A clinical factors model was built based on heterogeneous appearance and shape. Twenty-one features were used to build the radiomics signature. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the radiomics nomogram (0.853 and 0.762, respectively) were significantly higher than that of the clinical factor model (0.692 and 0.540, respectively) in both validation (p = 0.048) and external test (p < 0.001) sets. The AUC values of the radiomics nomogram model were higher than that of radiologist in training, validation and external test sets (all p < 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference in AUC values of radiomics nomogram model was found between the validation set and external test set (p = 0.212).

Conclusion
The radiomics nomogram can differentiate spinal metastasis and multiple myeloma with a moderate to good performance, and may be as a valuable method to assist in the clinical diagnosis and preoperative decision-making.
Differences in foot shape when wearing wedge-heeled shoes with elevated forefoot height and heel height
Authors: Zhu Ao , Lee Yu-Chi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWedge-heeled shoes, which are formed by elevating both the forefoot and heel, have been popular among young women. However, research on the foot shape in wedge-heeled shoes is lacking. This study aimed to access the effects of forefoot height (10, 20, and 30 mm) and heel height (30, 50, 70, and 90 mm) on foot shape and perceived comfort when wearing wedge-heeled shoes. Three-dimensional (3D) foot scanning was performed on 35 females and the 14 foot dimensions were measured. Increased forefoot height generated larger lengths (foot, ball and out ball), smaller girths (ball and instep) and heights (instep and navicular) (p < 0.05). Thus, when the forefoot height increased, the foot became longer, slimmer and flatter. Moreover, elevated heel height resulted in larger dimensions for girths (ball and instep), heights (instep and navicular), and smaller dimensions for lengths (foot, ball and out ball), widths (diagonal and horizontal) and toe 5 angles of the foot (p < 0.01). That means shorter, narrower and more convex foot shapes were observed when heel height increased. Subjective measurements implied that increased forefoot height significantly enhanced perceived comfort, whereas increased heel height diminished comfort. It was found that forefoot elevation could result in less deformation and discomfort which accompanied heel elevation, especially in the low heel-toe drop combinations (10 × 30 and 20 × 30 mm). The findings provide valuable references for enhancing shoe fitting and comfort for wedge-heeled shoes by providing dimensional data on the toe, ball, arch and instep regions.
Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation to promote extubation success in critically ill adults on intensive care: protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Swingwood Ema , Voss Sarah , Tume Lyvonne N. , Bewley Jeremy , Turner Nicholas , Ntoumenopoulos George , Rose Louise , Cramp Fiona 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Extubation failure, defined as reintubation within 48 h, is associated with increased intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and higher mortality risk. One cause of extubation failure is secretion retention, resulting from an inability to cough effectively. Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) simulates a cough aiding secretion clearance. However, MI-E is not routinely used in the ICU for invasively ventilated patients. This study aims to determine feasibility and acceptability of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) examining MI-E use to promote extubation success in intubated, ventilated adults.

Methods
It is a single-centre, feasibility RCT with semi-structured interviews, economic scoping, and exploratory physiology study.
The feasibility RCT (n = 50) will compare standard care to a MI-E protocol including a minimum of two MI-E sessions via the endotracheal tube prior to extubation. Post-extubation, MI-E will be delivered via facemask or mouthpiece up to two times/day for 48 h. MI-E settings will be individualised. All patients will receive standard care (no MI-E) in relation to mechanical ventilation, weaning, rehabilitation, physiotherapy techniques such as positioning, manual airway clearance techniques, manual/ventilator hyperinflation, endotracheal suctioning, and nebulisation. Clinical data collection will occur before, on completion, and 5-min post-physiotherapy sessions (intervention/control arms). Resource use will be calculated for each 24-h period. Analyses will be descriptive and address feasibility outcomes including participant recruitment and attrition, proportion of MI-E treatment sessions completed, dataset completeness, and frequency of adverse events and acceptability.
Semi-structured online interviews informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) with patients, clinicians, and family members will explore the acceptability of the MI-E intervention and study processes.
Interview data will be analysed using reflexive thematic analysis based on TFA domains through first-level coding.
The embedded physiology study will use electrical impedance tomography and lung ultrasound to explore lung recruitment and de-recruitment during MI-E in a subset of 5–10 patients.

Discussion
This study will examine feasibility and acceptability of a RCT protocol of MI-E to promote extubation success. Study findings will inform design modification and conduct of a future adequately powered trial. Furthermore, the study will contribute and advance the understanding of MI-E use in critically ill intubated adults.

Trial registration
ISRCTN 24603037; IRAS 303674
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abiri Behnaz , Ahmadi Amirhossein Ramezani , Amini Shirin , Akbari Mojtaba , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Madinehzad Seyed Ataollah , Hejazi Mahdi , Rishehri Amirreza Pouladi , Naserghandi Alvand , Valizadeh Majid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. Politicians and practitioners should be aware of the dramatic increase in obesity and its subsequent complications to prevent associated health risks. This systematic review aimed to provide better insight into the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Iranian population.MethodAn evaluation was conducted on all published observational studies from both national (SID, Irandoc, Iranmedex) and international (Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus) sources, which reported the prevalence of overweight/obesity among normal population samples, between January 2012 and December 2021.ResultA total of 152 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Of the 152 selected studies, 74 reported the prevalence of overweight/obesity in patients aged ≤ 18 years, and 61 studies in adults. In the rest of the articles (17 studies), the results were reported for a combination of these age groups. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iran was estimated at 20.1 (95% CI 17.92–22.30) and 13.44 (95% CI 11.76–15.22), respectively. This percentage (95% CI) was 11.71 (10.98–12.46) for overweight and 8.08 (7.02–9.22) for obesity in those aged ≤ 18 years, and 35.26 (32.61–37.99) for overweight and 21.38 (19.61–23.20) for obesity in those aged > 18 years. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in the entire population was 35.09% (95% CI 31.31–38.98).ConclusionAs obesity is on the rise in Iran, we should seek both weight loss strategies and ways to control comorbidities associated with high BMI.
Association between serum iron and liver transaminases based on a large adult women population
Authors: He Andong , Zhou Zhuoping , Huang Lili , Yip Ka Cheuk , Chen Jing , Yan Ruiling , Li Ruiman 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies are being focused on the potential roles of iron in various diseases, but remain unclear for the association between serum iron and liver injury, especially in adult women.

Methods
Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we investigated the relationship between serum iron and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among 19,185 adult women.

Results
Using weighted multivariate regression analyses, subgroup analyses, and threshold effect analyses, we found that serum iron was independently and positively correlated with ALT and AST. These associations differed in various age or race. Additionally, we found turning points in the curves of the relationship between serum iron and ALT in all women and the non-pregnant women. Using sensitivity analyses, we further found that the associations between serum iron and the liver transaminases remained positive in the non-pregnant women after adjusting for various covariates, but not in pregnant women. Besides, the positive associations between them kept present after excluding the women with high blood pressure, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease.

Conclusion
The present study indicated a positive association between serum iron and liver transaminases, indicating that serum iron may be a potential biomarker of liver function.
Molecular Tumor Board as a Clinical Tool for Converting Molecular Data Into Real-World Patient Care
Authors: Vingiani Andrea , Agnelli Luca , Duca Matteo , Lorenzini Daniele , Damian Silvia , Proto Claudia , Niger Monica , Nichetti Federico , Tamborini Elena , Perrone Federica , Piccolo Alberta , Manoukian Siranoush , Azzollini Jacopo , Brambilla Marta , Colombo Elena , Lopez Salvatore , Vernieri Claudio , Marra Francesca , Conca Elena , Busico Adele , Capone Iolanda , Bozzi Fabio , Angelini Marta , Devecchi Andrea , Salvatori Rebecca , De Micheli Valentina , Baggi Anna , Pasini Silvia , Jommi Claudio , Ladisa Vito , Apolone Giovanni , De Braud Filippo , Pruneri Giancarlo 
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE The investigation of multiple molecular targets with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has entered clinical practice in oncology, yielding to a paradigm shift from the histology-centric approach to the mutational model for personalized treatment. Accordingly, most of the drugs recently approved in oncology are coupled to specific biomarkers. One potential tool for implementing the mutational model of precision oncology in daily practice is represented by the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB), a multidisciplinary team whereby molecular pathologists, biologists, bioinformaticians, geneticists, medical oncologists, and pharmacists cooperate to generate, interpret, and match molecular data with personalized treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS Since May 2020, the institutional MTB set at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan met weekly via teleconference to discuss molecular data and potential therapeutic options for patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. RESULTS Up to October 2021, among 1,996 patients evaluated, we identified >10,000 variants, 43.2% of which were functionally relevant (pathogenic or likely pathogenic). On the basis of functionally relevant variants, 711 patients (35.6%) were potentially eligible to targeted therapy according to European Society of Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets tiers, and 9.4% received a personalized treatment. Overall, larger NGS panels (containing >50 genes) significantly outperformed small panels (up to 50 genes) in detecting actionable gene targets across different tumor types. CONCLUSION Our real-world data provide evidence that MTB is a valuable tool for matching NGS data with targeted treatments, eventually implementing precision oncology in clinical practice.
MiR-143 Targets SYK to Regulate NEFA Uptake and Contribute to Thermogenesis in Male Mice
Authors: Liu Jie , Wei Limin , Chen Ting , Wang Huan , Luo Junyi , Chen Xingping , Jiang Qingyan , Xi Qianyun , Sun Jiajie , Zhang Lin , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Excessive energy intake is the main cause of obesity, and stimulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an attractive tool for antiobesity. Although miR-143 has been reported to be associated with BAT thermogenesis, its role remains unclear. Here, we found that miR-143 had highest expression in adipose tissue, especially in BAT. During short-term cold exposure or CL316,243 was injected, miR-143 was markedly downregulated in BAT and subcutaneous WAT (scWAT). Moreover, knockout (KO) of miR-143 increases the body temperature of mice upon cold exposure, which may be due to the increased thermogenesis of BAT and scWAT. More importantly, supplementation of miR-143 in BAT of KO mice can inhibit the increase in body temperature in KO mice. Mechanistically, spleen tyrosine kinase was revealed for the first time as a new target of miR-143, and deletion of miR-143 facilitates fatty acid uptake in BAT. In addition, we found that brown adipocytes can promote fat mobilization of white adipocytes, and miR-143 may participate in this process. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that inactivation of adenylate cyclase 9 (AC9) in BAT inhibits thermogenesis through AC9–PKA–AMPK–CREB–UCP1 signaling pathway. Overall, our results reveal a novel function of miR-143 on thermogenesis, and a new functional link of the BAT and WAT.
Ruling by Wife
Authors: Menshawy Mustafa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Research on the powers or roles of first ladies in authoritarian Arab states suffers from two gaps. First, there are always attempts to homogenize women under which the president’s spouse is simply subsumed within categories such as “Arab women,” “Muslim women,” or “Egyptian women.” Second, literature explaining the dynamics of authoritarian durability has mainly focused on what is institutional, for instance, the army, legislature, and political parties. This article focuses on a single woman as part of the toolbox authoritarian leaders use to maintain power and as part of their political expediency. It uses quantitative and qualitative methods to track the progression of the roles of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak’s wife, Suzanne Mubarak, and the manifestations of these roles in the state media throughout Mubarak’s rule (1981–2011). The frame analysis of 1,339 articles found this progression to be linear; that is, Suzanne Mubarak moved from traditional ceremonial roles in the 1980s to policy-oriented ones in the 1990s to political roles, even acting as “copresident” in the 2000s. Through interviews, the data-based findings are contextualized within historically conditioned challenges facing the regime, such as relations with Islamists, the adoption of neoliberal economic policies, and Hosni Mubarak’s frail health in the final years of his rule.
Brønsted Base-Catalyzed Reductive Deimination of α-Iminoketones
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Inoue Seitaro , Ojima Rihaku , Terada Masahiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An unprecedented reductive deimination of α-iminoketones derived from benzils was developed under Brønsted base catalysis. Treatment of α-iminoketones with silanethiols in the presence of a catalytic amount of P2-tBu provided the corresponding arylbenzylketones in good yields. This is a rare example of the direct transformation of an imine moiety into a methylene moiety.
Vertebral CT attenuation outperforms standard clinical fracture risk prediction tools in detecting osteoporotic disease in lung cancer screening participants
Authors: Patel Nikita , Dahl Katrina , O'Rourke Rachael , Williamson Anne , Chatfield Mark D , Fong Kwun M , Yang Ian A , Marshall Henry M 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Compare accuracy of vertebral Hounsfield Unit (VHU) attenuation and FRAX and Garvan Fracture Risk Calculators in identifying low bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalent vertebral compression fractures (VF) in lung cancer screening (LCS) participants. Methods: Baseline CT scans from a single site of the International Lung Screen Trial were analysed. BMD was measured using VHU (of the most caudally imaged vertebra) and quantitative CT (QCT) (low BMD defined as <110 HU and <120 mg/cm3, respectively). Prevalent VF were classified semi-quantitatively. 10-year FRAX and Garvan fracture risks were calculated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) femoral neck T-score where available. Discrimination was assessed by area under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results: 535 LCS participants were included; 41% had low VHU-BMD, 56% had low QCT-BMD and 10% had ≥1 VF with ≥25% vertebral height loss. VHU demonstrated 94% specificity and 70% sensitivity in identifying low QCT-BMD. VHU was superior to fracture risk tools in discriminating low QCT-BMD (AUC: VHU 0.94 vs FRAX 0.67, Garvan 0.64 [p < 0.05]). In 64 participants with recent DXA scans, VHU was superior to FRAXT-score and GarvanT-score in discriminating low QCT-BMD (AUC: VHU 0.99, FRAXT-score 0.71, GarvanT-score 0.71 [p < 0.05]). VHU was non-inferior to FRAXT-score and GarvanT-score in discriminating VF (AUC: VHU 0.65, FRAXT-score 0.53, GarvanT-score 0.61). Conclusions: VHU outperforms clinical risk calculators in detecting low BMD and discriminates prevalent VF equally well as risk calculators with T-scores, yet is significantly simpler to perform. Advances in knowledge: VHU measurement could aid osteoporosis assessment in high-risk smokers undergoing LCS.
AI for PET image reconstruction
Authors: Reader Andrew J , Pan Bolin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Image reconstruction for positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed over many decades, with advances coming from improved modelling of the data statistics and improved modelling of the imaging physics. However, high noise and limited spatial resolution have remained issues in PET imaging, and state-of-the-art PET reconstruction has started to exploit other medical imaging modalities (such as MRI) to assist in noise reduction and enhancement of PET’s spatial resolution. Nonetheless, there is an ongoing drive towards not only improving image quality, but also reducing the injected radiation dose and reducing scanning times. While the arrival of new PET scanners (such as total body PET) is helping, there is always a need to improve reconstructed image quality due to the time and count limited imaging conditions. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods are now at the frontier of research for PET image reconstruction. While AI can learn the imaging physics as well as the noise in the data (when given sufficient examples), one of the most common uses of AI arises from exploiting databases of high-quality reference examples, to provide advanced noise compensation and resolution recovery. There are three main AI reconstruction approaches: (i) direct data-driven AI methods which rely on supervised learning from reference data, (ii) iterative (unrolled) methods which combine our physics and statistical models with AI learning from data, and (iii) methods which exploit AI with our known models, but crucially can offer benefits even in the absence of any example training data whatsoever. This article reviews these methods, considering opportunities and challenges of AI for PET reconstruction.
Scores for Multivariate Distributions and Level Sets
Authors: Meng Xiaochun , Taylor James W. , Ben Taieb Souhaib , Li Siran 
Published: July 2023

Evaluating Forecasts of Multivariate Probability Distributions Forecasts of multivariate probability distributions are required for a variety of applications. The availability of a score for a forecast is important for evaluating prediction accuracy, as well as estimating model parameters. In “Scores for Multivariate Distributions and Level Sets,” X. Meng, J. W. Taylor, S. Ben Taieb, and S. Li propose a theoretical framework that encompasses several existing scores for multivariate distributions and can be used to generate new scores. In some multivariate contexts, a forecast of a level set is needed, such as a density level set for anomaly detection or the level set of the cumulative distribution, which can be used as a measure of risk. This motivates consideration of scores for level sets. The authors show that such scores can be obtained by decomposing the scores developed for multivariate distributions. A simple numerical algorithm is presented to compute the scores, and practical applications are provided in the contexts of conditional value-at-risk for financial data and the combination of expert macroeconomic forecasts.
Cracked tooth syndrome: a review of the literature
Authors: Warreth Abdulhadi 
Published: July 2023

Cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) is a term used to describe a type of incomplete fracture of posterior teeth. CTS is a common clinical finding, so dentists are likely to encounter patients experiencing CTS. However, diagnosis is not straightforward and may be difficult because its signs and symptoms may resemble those arising from other dental conditions. Nevertheless, early detection of CTS is critical to the success of its management. Crack propagation can be hindered when it is at an early stage before reaching the pulp, thereby potentially leading to an improved prognosis. This article provides an overview of CTS, and sheds light on its clinical examination, diagnosis, management, and approaches for prevention. This knowledge will enable dentists to recognize CTS early and manage it appropriately. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists must be well prepared to identify CTS early and provide patients with the most appropriate treatment.