bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and outcomes of COVID‐19 donor utilization for heart transplant
Authors: Vaidya Gaurang Nandkishor , Anaya Paul , Ignaszewski Maya , Kolodziej Andrew , Malyala Rajasekhar , Sekela Michael , Birks Emma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes following COVID‐19 positive donor (CPD) utilization for heart transplant are unknown.MethodsUNOS database was analyzed for heart transplants performed from the declaration of COVID‐19 pandemic until September 30, 2022.ResultSince the onset of pandemic, there were 9876 heart transplants reported. COVID‐19 antigen or NAT results were available in 7698 adult donors within 14 days of donation, of which 177 (2.3%) were positive. There was no difference in recipient demographics, including age (COVID positive donor vs. negative: 55 vs. 56 years, p = .2) and BMI. Listing status 1 and 2 were similar in both groups (7% vs. 10% and 48% vs. 49% respectively, p = .4). Durable and temporary mechanical support were similar in both groups pre‐transplant (both groups 33%, p = .9). There was no difference in days on the waitlist (median 31 days, p = .9). Simultaneous renal transplant rates were similar (11% vs. 10%, p = .9). CPD utilization has increased since the onset of the pandemic, and the adoption is present across most UNOS regions. Post‐transplant, there was no difference in length of stay (median 16 vs. 17 days, p = .9) and acute rejection episodes prior to discharge (3% vs. 8%, p = .1). In survival analysis of 90‐day follow up, number of deaths reported were comparable (5% in both groups, p = .9) Follow‐up LVEF was comparable (62% vs. 60%, p = .4).ConclusionActive COVID‐19 infection in donors did not affect survival or rejection rates in the short‐term post‐heart transplant.
Longitudinal and self‐attributed change in alcohol use among young adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Dolli Ishaan , Slade Tim , Teesson Maree , Chapman Cath 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic introduced a unique concern regarding the potential for pandemic‐related increases in alcohol use. However, most studies which have measured pandemic‐related changes to date utilise self‐attribution measures of changes in alcohol use using cross‐sectional designs, which rely on accurate self‐attributions for validity. There has been minimal investigation of correspondence of self‐attributed and longitudinally measured changes in alcohol use during the pandemic. The current study seeks to examine this correspondence.MethodsA total of 856 participants originally recruited from Australian secondary schools completed follow‐up surveys of an ongoing study at two timepoints (2018–2019, mean age 18.6 and 2020–2021, mean age 19.9; 65.3% female). Alcohol use was measured as any drinking (1+ drinks) and binge drinking (5+ drinks) frequency in the past 6 months. The correspondence and relationship between ‘longitudinal change’ measured from the first to the second timepoint and ‘self‐attributed change’ measured at the second timepoint were examined.ResultsFor both any drinking and binge drinking frequency, moderate correspondence was observed between self‐attributed and longitudinal change in drinking (37.1% and 39.3%). Most participants with longitudinal increases in any drinking or binge drinking frequency failed to correctly self‐attribute this increase.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings suggest that self‐attributed increases do not correspond well with longitudinally measured increases in pandemic‐related drinking and may underestimate increases measured longitudinally. Method of measurement needs to be taken into account if data are to be used to identify sub‐groups at risk of alcohol use increases and facilitate appropriate direction of public health efforts.
Physician‐led medication reviews in polypharmacy patients treated with at least 12 medications in a type 2 diabetes outpatient clinic: A randomised trial
Authors: Johansson Karl Sebastian , Kornholt Jonatan , Bülow Cille , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Perrild Hans , Rungby Jørgen , Christensen Mikkel Bring 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsMedication reviews can be used to promote appropriate pharmacotherapy and negate the harmful consequences of polypharmacy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physician‐led medication reviews and increased cross‐sectoral communication as a supplement to standard care in a type 2 diabetes outpatient clinic.MethodsThis pragmatic randomised clinical trial enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes treated with at least 12 medications. The subjects were randomised to either standard care (standard care consultation at the outpatient clinic) or standard care plus a medication review consultation and increased cross‐sectoral communication. The primary outcome was the number of medications used after six months. Health‐related quality of life was quantified using the EuroQoL 5‐dimension 5‐level (EQ5D‐5 L) questionnaire.ResultsWe recruited 50 participants with a median age of 72 (IQR 67–75) years. The mean number of medications per patient changed from 17.9 to 14.3 in the intervention group and 17.6 to 17.2 in the control group (rate ratio 0.81). The reasons for discontinuations were medication no longer indicated (60%), safety issues (20%), efficacy issues (15%) or patient preferences (5%). There was a significant difference in the change in health‐related quality of life (EQ5D‐5 L index score) in favour of the intervention (0.111, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.221).ConclusionsPhysician‐led medication reviews and increased cross‐sectoral communication in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with at least 12 medications reduced the number of medications used and improved health‐related quality of life. Implementing and further investigating similar interventions as standard care seems reasonable.
Medical and surgical treatment of epilepsy in older adults: A national survey
Authors: Husein Nafisa , Langlois‐Thérien Timothé , Rioux Bastien , Josephson Colin B. , Jetté Nathalie , Keezer Mark R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThere are no clinical guidelines dedicated to the treatment of epilepsy in older adults. We investigated physician opinion and practice regarding the treatment of people with epilepsy aged 65 years or older. We also sought to study how our opinion and practice varied between geriatricians, general neurologists, and epilepsy neurologists (i.e., epileptologists).MethodsWe initially piloted our survey to measure test–retest reliability. Once finalized, we disseminated the survey via two rounds of facsimiles, and then conventional mail, to eligible individuals listed in a national directory of Canadian physicians. We used descriptive statistics such as stacked bar charts and tables to illustrate our findings.ResultsOne hundred forty‐four physicians (104 general neurologists, 25 geriatricians, and 15 epileptologists) answered our survey in its entirety (overall response rate of 13.2%). Levetiracetam and lamotrigine were the preferred antiseizure medications (ASMs) to treat older adults with epilepsy. Two thirds of epileptologists and almost half of general neurologists would consider prescribing lacosamide in >50% of people aged >65 years; only one geriatrician was of the same opinion. More than 40% of general neurologists and geriatricians erroneously believed that none of the ASMs mentioned in our survey was previously studied in randomized controlled trials specific to the treatment of epilepsy in older adults. Epileptologists were more likely as compared to general neurologists and geriatricians to recommend epilepsy surgery (e.g., 66.6% vs. 22.9%–37.5% among older adults).SignificanceTherapeutic decisions for older adults with epilepsy are heterogeneous between physician groups and sometimes misalign with available clinical evidence. Our surveyed physicians differed in their approach to ASM choice as well as perception of surgery in older adults with epilepsy. These findings likely reflect the lack of clinical guidelines dedicated to this population and the deficient implementation of best practices.
In‐hospital and home‐based long‐term monitoring of focal epilepsy with a wearable electroencephalographic device: Diagnostic yield and user experience
Authors: Macea Jaiver , Bhagubai Miguel , Broux Victoria , De Vos Maarten , Van Paesschen Wim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim is to report the performance of an electroencephalogram (EEG) seizure‐detector algorithm on data obtained with a wearable device (WD) in patients with focal refractory epilepsy and their experience.MethodsPatients used a WD, the Sensor Dot (SD), to measure two channels of EEG using dry electrode patches during presurgical evaluation and at home for up to 8 months. An automated seizure detection algorithm flagged EEG regions with possible seizures, which we reviewed to evaluate the algorithm's diagnostic yield. In addition, we collected data on usability, side effects, and patient satisfaction with an electronic seizure diary application (Helpilepsy).ResultsSixteen inpatients used the SD for up to 5 days and had 21 seizures. Sixteen outpatients used the device for up to 8 months and reported 101 focal impaired awareness seizures during the periods selected for analysis. Focal seizure detection sensitivity based on behind‐the‐ear EEG was 52% in inpatients and 23% in outpatients. False detections/h, positive predictive value (PPV), and F1 scores were 7.13%, .11%, and .002% for inpatients and 7.77%, .04%, and .001% for outpatients. Artifacts and low signal quality contributed to poor performance metrics. The seizure detector identified 19 nonreported seizures during sleep, when the signal quality was better. Regarding patients' experience, the likelihood of using the device at 6 months was 62%, and side effects were the main reason for dropping out. Finally, daily and monthly questionnaire completion rates were 33% and 65%, respectively.SignificanceFocal seizure detection sensitivity based on behind‐the‐ear EEG was 52% in inpatients and 23% in outpatients, with high false alarm rates and low PPV and F1 scores. This unobtrusive wearable seizure detection device was well received but had side effects. The current workflow and low performance limit its implementation in clinical practice. We suggest different steps to improve these performance metrics and patient experience.
Depigmenting topical therapy based on a synergistic combination of compounds targeting the key pathways involved in melasma pathophysiology
Authors: Alfredo Martínez‐Gutiérrez , Maribel Pérez‐Martínez , Eloy Pena‐Rodríguez , Susana Gómez‐Escalante , Luis Luis G. S. , Carmen González Mari 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMelasma has a complex pathophysiology with different cell types and signalling pathways involved. Paracrine factors secreted by keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells act on melanocytes and stimulate melanogenesis. These paracrine factors are involved in the oxidative stress, inflammatory, vascular and hormonal pathways, among others. Damage of the dermoepidermal barrier also occurs and facilitates melanin deposition in the dermis, also known as dermal or mixed melasma. We used artificial intelligence tools to define the best combination of compounds for skin pigmentation inhibition. Mathematical models suggested the combination of retinol, diosmin and ferulic acid to be the most effective one. In vitro cellular tyrosinase activity assay proved that this combination had a synergistic depigmenting effect. Further assays proved that the combination could inhibit key pathways involved in melasma by downregulating ET‐1 and COX‐2 gene expression and IBMX‐induced dendricity in human melanocytes, and upregulated the gene expression of IL‐1b, TIMP3 and several endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The combination also reduced melanin levels in a phototype VI 3D epidermis model. These results indicate that the combination of retinol, diosmin and ferulic acid is an effective synergistic complex for the treatment of melasma by regulating the key molecular pathways involved in skin hyperpigmentation pathophysiology.
Urbanization and fragmentation have opposing effects on soil nitrogen availability in temperate forest ecosystems
Authors: Caron Stephen , Garvey Sarah M. , Gewirtzman Jonathan , Schultz Kyle , Bhatnagar Jennifer M. , Driscoll Charles , Hutyra Lucy R. , Templer Pamela H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNitrogen (N) availability relative to plant demand has been declining in recent years in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world, a phenomenon known as N oligotrophication. The temperate forests of the northeastern U.S. have experienced a particularly steep decline in bioavailable N, which is expected to be exacerbated by climate change. This region has also experienced rapid urban expansion in recent decades that leads to forest fragmentation, and it is unknown whether and how these changes affect N availability and uptake by forest trees. Many studies have examined the impact of either urbanization or forest fragmentation on nitrogen (N) cycling, but none to our knowledge have focused on the combined effects of these co‐occurring environmental changes. We examined the effects of urbanization and fragmentation on oak‐dominated (Quercus spp.) forests along an urban to rural gradient from Boston to central Massachusetts (MA). At eight study sites along the urbanization gradient, plant and soil measurements were made along a 90 m transect from a developed edge to an intact forest interior. Rates of net ammonification, net mineralization, and foliar N concentrations were significantly higher in urban than rural sites, while net nitrification and foliar C:N were not different between urban and rural forests. At urban sites, foliar N and net ammonification and mineralization were higher at forest interiors compared to edges, while net nitrification and foliar C:N were higher at rural forest edges than interiors. These results indicate that urban forests in the northeastern U.S. have greater soil N availability and N uptake by trees compared to rural forests, counteracting the trend for widespread N oligotrophication in temperate forests around the globe. Such increases in available N are diminished at forest edges, however, demonstrating that forest fragmentation has the opposite effect of urbanization on coupled N availability and demand by trees.
Ataxin‐1 controls the expression of specific noncoding RNAs in B cells upon autoimmune demyelination
Authors: Ma Qin , Didonna Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractB cells play a key mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neurological disease of the central nervous system with an autoimmune etiology. B cells contribute to disease initiation and progression by acting as professional antigen‐presenting cells as well as via secreting autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines. We have recently shown that the polyglutamine protein ataxin‐1, which was first linked to the movement disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, also acts as a master regulator of B‐cell functions in the context of central nervous system autoimmunity. In fact, ataxin‐1–deficient mice display an aggravated manifestation of the MS disease model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis along with aberrant B‐cell functions. Consistent with this scenario, transcriptomic analysis of Atxn1‐null B cells highlighted distinct genetic signatures involved in cell activation, proliferation and antigen presentation. To further characterize the role of ataxin‐1, we profiled the noncoding transcriptome controlled by ataxin‐1 in the B‐cell compartment upon an encephalitogenic challenge. We show that two specific classes of noncoding RNAs, namely, processed pseudogenes and intergenic long noncoding RNAs, are differentially regulated along disease. Furthermore, pathway and protein network analyses on their putative protein‐coding gene targets found a significant enrichment in ontologies related to cell mitosis, together with molecular processes relevant to MS such as chitin metabolism. Altogether, these findings shed light on the possible contribution of noncoding RNAs to B‐cell biology and MS pathogenesis, and further establish the immunomodulatory role of ataxin‐1 in autoimmune demyelination.
Trauma‐informed care in acute mental health units through the lifeworld of mental health nurses: A phenomenological study
Authors: Wilson Allyson , Hurley John , Hutchinson Marie , Lakeman Richard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTrauma‐informed care has gained increasing popularity in mental health services over the past two decades. Mental health nurses remain one of the largest occupations employed in acute mental health settings and arguably have a critical role in supporting trauma‐informed care in this environment. Despite this, there remains a limited understanding on how trauma‐informed care is applied to the context of mental health nursing in the hospital environment. The aim of this study was to explore what it means for mental health nurses to provide trauma‐informed care in the acute mental health setting. The study design was qualitative, using van Manen's (Researching lived experience: human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. State University of New York Press, 1990) approach to hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry. A total of 29 mental health nurses participated in this study. There were three overarching themes that emerged; these entail: embodied trauma‐informed milieu, trauma‐informed relationality and temporal dimensions of trauma‐informed mental health nursing. The study found that for mental health nurses, there are elements of trauma‐informed care that extend far beyond the routine application of the principles to nursing practice. For mental health nurses working in the acute setting, trauma‐informed care may offer a restorative function in practice back to the core tenants of therapeutic interpersonal dynamics it was once based upon.
Phase transitions and microwave dielectric behaviors of the (Bi1−xLi0.5xY0.5x)(V1−xMox)O4 ceramics
Authors: Pang Li‐Xia , Zhou Di , Yao Xiao‐Gang , Lin Hui‐Xing , Chen Chen , Shi Zhong‐Qi , Hussain Fayaz , Darwish Moustafa Adel , Zhou Tao , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Liang Qi‐Xin , Chen Ya‐Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicrowave dielectric ceramics with intrinsic low sintering temperatures are potential candidates for low temperature co‐fired ceramics technology. In the present work, the (Li0.5Y0.5)MoO4 ceramic with tetragonal scheelite structures was selected to improve microwave dielectric properties of BiVO4 ceramics. As proved by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results, scheelite structured solid‐solution ceramics were formed with x value ≤0.1 in the (Bi1−xLi0.5xY0.5x)(V1−xMox)O4. In situ XRD results further confirmed that the addition of (Li0.5Y0.5)MoO4 also lowered transition temperature from distorted monoclinic to tetragonal scheelite structure. When x value increased further, zircon phase was detected by XRD. Room and high‐temperature Raman spectra also supported the XRD results. Differences of thermal expansion coefficients of both monoclinic and tetragonal scheelite phases lead to an abnormality at phase transition temperature. Good microwave dielectric properties with permittivity above 70 and Qf (Q = quality factor = 1/dielectric loss and f = frequency) value above 8000 GHz were obtained in the (Bi1−xLi0.5xY0.5x)(V1−xMox)O4 solid‐solution ceramics with x value ≤0.1 sintered below 800°C. However, permittivity peak values at phase transition temperatures lead to large positive or negative temperature coefficient of resonant frequency, and this needs to be modified via composite technologies in the future.
Evaluating temperature gradients across the posterior left atrium with radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Sandhu Amneet , Holman Blair , Lammers Steven , Cerbin Lukasz , Barrett Christopher , Sabzwari Rafay , Garg Lohit , Zipse Matthew M. , Tumolo Alexis Z. , Aleong Ryan G. , Von Alvensleben Johannes , Rosenberg Michael , West John J. , Varosy Paul , Nguyen Duy T. , Sauer William H. , Tzou Wendy S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionEsophageal injury is a well‐known complication associated with catheter ablation. Though novel methods to mitigate esophageal injury have been developed, few studies have evaluated temperature gradients with catheter ablation across the posterior wall of the left atrium, interstitium, and esophagus.MethodsTo investigate temperature gradients across the tissue, we developed a porcine heart–esophageal model to perform ex vivo catheter ablation on the posterior wall of the left atrium (LA), with juxtaposed interstitial tissue and esophagus. Circulating saline (5 L/min) was used to mimic blood flow along the LA and alteration of ionic content to modulate impedance. Thermistors along the region of interest were used to analyze temperature gradients. Varying time and power, radiofrequency (RF) ablation lesions were applied with an externally irrigated ablation catheter. Ablation strategies were divided into standard approaches (SAs, 10–15 g, 25–35 W, 30 s) or high‐power short duration (HPSD, 10–15 g, 40–50 W, 10 s). Temperature gradients, time to the maximum measured temperature, and the relationship between measured temperature as a function of distance from the site of ablation was analyzed.ResultsIn total, five experiments were conducted each utilizing new porcine posterior LA wall‐esophageal specimens for RF ablation (n = 60 lesions each for SA and HPSD). For both SA and HPSD, maximum temperature rise from baseline was markedly higher at the anterior wall (AW) of the esophagus compared to the esophageal lumen (SA: 4.29°C vs. 0.41°C, p < .0001 and HPSD: 3.13°C vs. 0.28°C, p < .0001). Across ablation strategies, the average temperature rise at the AW of the esophagus was significantly higher with SA relative to HPSD ablation (4.29°C vs. 3.13°C, p = .01). From the start of ablation, the average time to reach a maximum temperature as measured at the AW of the esophagus with SA was 36.49 ±  12.12 s, compared to 16.57 ±  4.54 s with HPSD ablation, p < .0001. Fit to a linear scale, a 0.37°C drop in temperature was seen for every 1 cm increase in distance from the site of ablation and thermistor location at the AW of the esophagus.ConclusionBoth SA and HPSD ablation strategies resulted in markedly higher temperatures measured at the AW of the esophagus compared to the esophageal lumen, raising concern about the value of clinical intraluminal temperature monitoring. The temperature rise at the AW was lower with HPSD. A significant time delay was seen to reach the maximum measured temperature and a modest increase in distance between the site of ablation and thermistor location impacted the accuracy of monitored temperatures.
Rationale for and use of the lumenless 3830 pacing lead
Authors: Richardson Travis D. , Himes Adam , Marshall Mark , Crossley George H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost currently available pacing and defibrillation leads utilize a stylet‐based design that facilitates implantation. This has advantages, but also increases the lead diameter and adds the potential for metal fatigued‐based conductor failure. A systematic literature search was conducted, and the authors add their twenty‐year experience with this lead design. The global experience with lumenless leads was reviewed both for “standard” positioning and with conduction system pacing. Methods for both placement and system modification are reviewed. Lumenless leads have the potential to improve the durability of endocardial pacing and facilitate conduction system pacing.