bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BURNOUT: A PREDICTOR OF ORAL HEALTH IMPACT PROFILE AMONG NIGERIAN EARLY CAREER DOCTORS
Authors: Ogunsuji OO , Adebayo OM , Kanmodi KK , Fagbule OF , Adeniyi MA , James NT , Yahya AI , Salihu MO , Babarinde TO , Olaopa OI , Selowo TT , Enebeli UU , Ishaya DG 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere have been reported association of oral health disorders with burnout, stress, and mental health. Arguably, with these reported associations, and the current prevalence of burnout amongst Nigerian doctors, exploring the role of burnout on oral health amongst Nigerian doctors is timely. This study aims to determine the relationship between burnout and oral health-related quality of life amongst Early Career Doctors (ECDs) in Nigeria, while also identifying the role other possible predictors plays in this relationship.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst Nigerian ECDs as part of Challenges of Residency Training in Nigeria (CHARTING) II project. A total of 632 ECDs were recruited across thirty-one tertiary hospitals in the 6 geopolitical zones of the country using a multistage cluster sampling technique. A self-administered paper-based semi-structured questionnaire was given to each participant that consented. The tools used to assess burnout and Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) were Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) respectively. Independent samples T-test, ANOVA and Multiple linear regression were used to draw inferences from the data collected.ResultsOverall mean OHIP-14 score of all participants was 11.12 (±9.23). The scores for the 3 dimensions of burnout were below 50% with CBI-Personal Burnout having the highest score of 49.96 (±19.15). Significant positive correlations (p < 0.001) were found between OHIP-14 and all the dimensions of burnout, as the burnout scores were increasing, there was a corresponding increase in the OHIP scores thus poorer OHRQoL. The regression model shows that the predictors of OHIP were CBI-PB (p = 0.003), use of fluoride paste (p = 0.039), use of tobacco (p = 0.005) and being a denture user (p = 0.047).ConclusionThis study shows a positive correlation between burnout and OHIP of ECDs. We found that as burnout was increasing, OHIP increased thus implying poorer oral health related quality of life amongst ECDs. The use of fluoride toothpaste, tobacco and denture are other factors we found that could affect the OHIP of ECDs.
Determinants of Covid-19 vaccine uptake among the elderly aged 58 years and above in Kericho County, Kenya: Institution based cross sectional survey
Authors: Anino Calvince Otieno , Wandera Immaculate , Ondicho Zachary Masimba , Kirui Collins Kipruto , Makero Carjetine Syallow , Omari Phanice Kerubo , Sanga Philip 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundHesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine is a global challenge despite the compelling evidence of the value of vaccine in preventing disease and saving lives. It is suggested that context-specific strategies can enhance acceptability and decrease hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccine. Hence, the study determined uptake and determinants of Covid-19 vaccine following a sustained voluntary vaccination drive by Kenyan government.MethodWe conducted institution based cross-sectional survey of 1244 elderly persons aged 58 to 98 years in the months of January, February and March, 2022. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate determinants of Covid 19 vaccine uptake. The predictor variables included socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, convenience and ease of access of the vaccine, collective responsibility, complacency and the three dimensions of confidence; trust in safety, trust in decision makers and delivery system. The findings are reported as the adjusted odd ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Significant level was considered at p <0.05.ResultThe results from the multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that advanced age and presence of chronic disease were associated with increased odds of doubt on Covid 19 vaccine, while long distance from vaccination centers was associated with increased odds of delay in vaccination.ConclusionOverall, the findings of this study have provided valuable insights into the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among the elderly population in Kenya and will inform the development of targeted interventions to increase vaccine acceptance and uptake in this population.
COVID-19 INDUCES SENESCENCE AND EXHAUSTION OF T CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH MILD/MODERATE AND SEVERE DISEASE DURING A SEVEN-DAY INTERVAL
Authors: Pedroso Rodrigo Balsinha , Araújo Ventura Lucas Haniel , Torres Lícia , Camatta Giovanna Caliman , Caixeta Felipe , Nascimento Leandro Souza , Mota Catarina , Mendes Ana Catarina , Ribeiro Filipa , Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , Calvão Barbuto Rafael , Silveira-Nunes Gabriela , Teixeira-Carvalho Andrea , Graça Luis , Caetano Faria Ana Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRisk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 include several comorbidities, but age was the most striking one since elderly people were disproportionately affected by SARS-Cov-2. Major drivers that can explain this markedly unfavourable response in the elderly are inflammaging and immunosenescence. Recent reports have shown that the relationship between immunosenescence and COVID-19 can be bidirectional, since hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 have an accumulation of senescent T cells suggesting that immunosenescence can be also exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the present work was designed to examine the emergence of immunosenescence in a longitudinal study in two distinct cohorts of COVID-19 patients, and to determine whether the senescence alterations were restricted to severe cases of the disease. Our data, with patients from Portugal and Brazil, identified their distinctive inflammatory profile and provided evidence of increased frequencies of senescent and exhausted T cells within a seven-day period in patients with mild to severe COVID-19. These results support the view that SARS-CoV2 infection can accelerate immunosenescence in both CD4 and CD8 T cell compartments in a short period of time.
Long term follow-up of colorectal cancer screening attendees identifies differences inPhascolarctobacterium spp. using 16S rRNA and metagenome sequencing
Authors: Bucher-Johannessen C. , Birkeland E. , Vinberg E. , Bemanian V. , Hoff G. , Berstad P. , Rounge TB. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe microbiome has been implicated in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) in cross sectional studies. However, there is a lack of studies using prospectively collected samples.MethodsWe analysed 144 archived faecal samples from participants in the NORwegian Colorectal CAncer Prevention (NORCCAP) trial diagnosed with CRC or high-risk adenomas (HRA) at screening, or who remained cancer-free during 17 years of follow-up. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of all samples, and metagenome sequencing on a subset of 47 samples. Differences in taxonomy and gene content between outcome groups were assessed for alpha and beta diversity, and differential abundance.ResultsDiversity and composition analyses showed no significant differences between CRC, HRA, and healthy controls.Phascolarctobacterium succinatutenswas more abundant in CRC compared to healthy controls in both the 16S and metagenome data. The abundance ofBifidobacteriumandLachnospiraceae spp. were associated with time to CRC diagnosis.ConclusionUsing a longitudinal study design, we identified three taxa as being potentially associated with CRC. These should be the focus of further studies of microbial changes occurring prior to CRC diagnosis.
Simulating Ultrasound images from CT Scans
Authors: Nasser Sahar Almahfouz , Sethi Amit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnatomical information in ultrasound (US) imaging has not been exploited fully because its wave interference pattern (WIP) has been viewed as speckle noise. We tested the idea that more information can be retrieved by disentangling the WIP rather than discarding it as noise. We numerically solved the forward model of generating US images from computed tomography (CT) images by solving wave-equations using the Stride library. By doing so, we have paved the way for using deep neural networks to be trained on the data generated by the forward model to simulate the solution of the inverse problem, which is generating the CT-style and CT-quality images from a real US image. We demonstrate qualitative features of the generated images that are rich in anatomical details and realism.
Self-assessment of problem-solving skills and Clinical Reasoning among sixth-year medical students University of Baghdad / College of medicine
Authors: Hasan Ahmed M. , Abbas Ibrahim N. , Abdulrazak Ahmed A. , Almothaffar Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the level of problem solving skills of Sixth grade medical students of College of Medicine/ University of Baghdad using self-assessment tool.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study to assess Problem Solving Disposition in Sixth year Medical Students in College of Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A printed survey of the questionnaire was distributed to sixth year medical students in august 2022. A sample of 151 students participated in the study by filling of the printed questionnaire which was validated by a previous study in a medical school in Mexico.ResultsThe number of sixth Grade medical students in University of Baghdad/ College of medicine that participated in the study was 151 of whom 70 (46.35 %) were males and 81 (53.65 %) were females.The mean score of the “knowledge of discipline” was 2.973± 0.999, as for the “pattern recognition” component the mean was 2.198 ±0.559, and the mean for the “application of general strategies” component was 2.158± 0.492.The independent sample T-test results for the “Knowledge of discipline” category showed a mean score for females of 3.137 and a mean score for males of 2.778 with a p value >0.05.For correlations between the categories one of the items of the “Pattern Recognition” category had a positive correlation with a statistical significance with 2 items from “Application of general strategies for problem solving” category.ConclusionSixth year medical students in University of Baghdad/ college of medicine are better self-perceived in the pattern recognition and application of general strategies for problem-solving categories than the knowledge of discipline, males assess themselves in remembering concepts as better than their female counterparts.
Sex-specific impact of body weight on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence in individuals with and without ideal cardiovascular health
Authors: Paulin Audrey , Manikpurage Hasanga D. , Després Jean-Pierre , Thériault Sébastien , Arsenault Benoit J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of an elevated body mass index (BMI) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk in individuals who are “metabolically healthy” is debated. Our objective was to investigate the respective contributions of BMI as well as lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors combined to ASCVD incidence in 319,866 UK Biobank participants.MethodsWe developed a cardiovascular health score (CVHS) based on four lifestyle and six cardiometabolic parameters. The impact of the CVHS on incident ASCVD (15,699 events) alone and in BMI and waist-to-hip ratio categories was assessed using Cox proportional hazards in women and men separately.ResultsIn participants with a high CVHS (8-10), those with a BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m2had a nonsignificant higher ASCVD risk (HR=1.20 [95% CI, 0.84-1.70], p=0.32) compared to those with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. In participants with a BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, those with a lower CVHS (0-2) had a higher ASCVD risk (HR=4.06 [95% CI, 3.23-5.10], p<0.001) compared to those with a higher CVHS (8-10). When we used the waist-to-hip ratio instead of the BMI, a dose-response relationship between the WHR and ASCVD risk was obtained in healthier participants. Results were similar in women compared to men.ConclusionsIn participants of the UK Biobank, the relationship between the BMI and ASCVD incidence in healthy individuals was inconsistent whereas cardiovascular risk factors strongly predicted ASCVD incidence in all BMI categories. Weight inclusive interventions targeting lifestyle-related and metabolic risk factors are likely to prevent cardiovascular outcomes, regardless of their impact on body weight.
Enhanced transmissibility, infectivity and immune resistance of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 variant
Authors: Uriu Keiya , Ito Jumpei , Zahradnik Jiri , Fujita Shigeru , Kosugi Yusuke , Schreiber Gideon ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium, Sato Kei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 2022, we have elucidated the characteristics of a variety of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. At the end of 2022, the XBB.1.5 variant, an descendant of XBB.1 that acquired the S:F486P substitution, emerged and is rapidly spreading in the USA and is the latest variant of concern. Although the features of XBB.1.5 was already reported by another group as a preprint, we think multiple and independent evaluations important, and these reports are crucial for sustained global health. In this study, our epidemic dynamics analysis revealed that the relative effective reproduction number (Re) of XBB.1.5 is more than 1.2-fold greater than that of the parental XBB.1, and XBB.1.5 is outcompeting BQ.1.1, the predominant lineage in the USA as of December 2022. Our data suggest that XBB.1.5 will rapidly spread worldwide in the near future. Yeast surface display assay and pseudovirus assay respectively showed that the ACE2 binding affinity and infectivity of XBB.1.5 is 4.3-fold and 3.3-fold higher than those of XBB.1, respectively. Moreover, neutralization assay revealed that XBB.1.5 is robustly resistant to BA.2 breakthrough infection sera (41-fold versus B.1.1, 20-fold versus BA.2) and BA.5 breakthrough infection sera (32-fold versus B.1.1, 9.5-fold versus BA.5), respectively. Because the immune resistance of XBB.1.5 is comparable to that of XBB.1, our results suggest that XBB.1.5 is the most successful XBB lineage as of January 2023 by acquiring the S:F486P substitution to augment ACE2 binding affinity without losing remarkable immune resistance, which leads to greater transmissibility.
Bioregional boundaries and genomically-delineated stocks in snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) from southeastern Australia
Authors: Bertram Andrea , Bell Justin , Brauer Chris , Fowler Anthony , Hamer Paul , Sandoval-Castillo Jonathan , Stewart John , Wellenreuther Maren , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMarine species often exhibit genetic discontinuities concordant with biogeographic boundaries, frequently occurring due to changes in ocean circulation, bathymetry, coastline topography and temperature. Here we used 10,916 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the concordance between population genomic differentiation and coastal biogeography in the fishery important snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) across southeastern Australia. Additionally, we investigated whether spatial scales of assessment and management of snapper align with evidence from population genomics. Across 488 snapper samples from 11 localities between the west coast of South Australia and the south coast of New South Wales, we detected genomic structure concordant with the region’s three biogeographic provinces. We also detected fine-scale genetic structuring relating to spatial variation in spawning and recruitment dynamics, as well as temporal stability in the genomic signal associated with two important spawning grounds. The current management boundaries in the region coincided with either the genetic breaks at bioregional boundaries or with localscale variation. Our study highlights the value of population genomic surveys in species with high dispersal potential for uncovering stock boundaries and demographic variation related to spawning and recruitment. It also illustrates the importance of marine biogeography in shaping population structure in commercial species with high dispersal potential.
WITHDRAWN: Infratentorial Morphometry and Deep Brain Stimulation Outcome in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Andrews Luke , Keller Simon S. , Osman-Farah Jibril , Bhojak Maneesh , Macerollo Antonella 
Published: January 2023

Withdrawal statementThe corresponding author (LA) has withdrawn their manuscript owing to inaccuracies in the data analysis and subsequent conclusions. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Specimen sharing for epidemic preparedness: building a local-to-global virtual biorepository framework
Authors: Giri Judith , Pezzi Laura , Cachay Rodrigo , Gèlvez Ramirez Rosa Margarita , Tami Adirana , Bethencourt Sarah , Lozano Anylea , Poje Julia , Jaenisch Thomas , Chu May 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a framework for a federated, virtual biorepository system (VBS) with locally collected and maintained specimens, based on a ‘global goods’ model and principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. The VBS is intended to facilitate timely access to biological specimens and associated data for outbreak-prone infectious diseases to accelerate the development and evaluation of diagnostics, assess vaccine efficacy, and to support surveillance and research needs. The VBS is aimed to be aligned with the WHO BioHub and other specimen sharing efforts as a force multiplier to meet the needs of strengthening global tools for countering epidemics. The purpose of our research is to lay the basis of the collaboration, management and principles of equitable sharing focused on low- and middle-income country partners. Here we report on surveys and interviews undertaken with biorepository-interested parties to better understand needs and barriers for specimen access and share examples from the ZIKAlliance partnership on the governance and operations of locally organized biorepositories.
Detecting and Adjusting for Hidden Biases due to Phenotype Misclassification in Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Burstein David , Hoffman Gabriel , Mathur Deepika , Venkatesh Sanan , Therrien Karen , Fanous Ayman H. , Bigdeli Tim B. , Harvey Philip D. , Roussos Panos , Voloudakis Georgios 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the advent of healthcare-based genotyped biobanks, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) leverage larger sample sizes, incorporate patients with diverse ancestries and introduce noisier phenotypic definitions. Yet the extent and impact of phenotypic misclassification on large-scale datasets is not currently well understood due to a lack of statistical methods to estimate relevant parameters from empirical data. Here, we develop a statistical method and scalable software, PheMED,PhenotypicMeasurement ofEffectiveDilution, to quantify phenotypic misclassification across GWAS using only summary statistics. We illustrate how the parameters estimated by PheMED relate to the negative and positive predictive value of the labeled phenotype, compared to ground truth, and how misclassification of the phenotype yields diluted effect-sizes of variant-phenotype associations. Furthermore, we apply our methodology to detect multiple instances of statistically significant dilution in real-world data. We demonstrate how effective dilution biases downstream GWAS replication and heritability analyses despite utilizing current best practices, and provide a dilution-aware meta-analysis approach that outperforms existing methods. Consequently, we anticipate that PheMED will be a valuable tool for researchers to address phenotypic data quality issues both within and across cohorts.
Trans-ethnic Polygenic Risk Scores for Body Mass Index: An International Hundred K+ Cohorts Consortium Study
Authors: Qu Huiqi , Connolly John J , Kraft Peter , Long Jirong , Pereira Alexandre , Flatley Christopher , Turman Constance , Prins Bram , Mentch Frank , Lotufo Paulo A , Magnus Per , Stampfer Meir J , Tamimi Rulla , Eliassen A Heather , Zheng Wei , Knudsen Gun Peggy Stromstad , Helgeland Oyvind , Butterworth Adam S. , Hakonarson Hakon , Sleiman Patrick M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile polygenic risk scores hold significant promise in estimating an individual’s risk of developing a complex trait such as obesity, their application in the clinic has, to date, been limited by a lack of data from non-European populations. As a collaboration model of the International Hundred K+ Cohorts Consortium (IHCC), we endeavored to develop a globally applicable trans-ethnic PRS for body mass index (BMI) through this relatively new international effort.MethodsThe PRS model was developed trained and tested at the Center for Applied Genomics (CAG) of The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) based on a BMI meta-analysis from the GIANT consortium. The validated PRS models were subsequently disseminated to the participating sites. Scores were generated by each site locally on their cohorts and summary statistics returned to CAG for final analysis.ResultsWe show that in the absence of a well powered trans-ethnic GWAS from which to derive SNPs and effect estimates, trans-ethnic scores can be generated from European ancestry GWAS using Bayesian approaches such as LDpred to adjust the summary statistics using trans-ethnic linkage disequilibrium reference panels. The ported trans-ethnic scores outperform population specific-PRS across all non-European ancestry populations investigated including East Asians and three-way admixed Brazilian cohort.ConclusionsWidespread use of PRS in the clinic is hampered by a lack of genotyping data in individuals of non-European ancestry for the vast majority of traits. Here we show that for a truly polygenic trait such as BMI adjusting the summary statistics of a well powered European ancestry study using trans-ethnic LD reference results in a score that is predictive across a range of ancestries including East Asians and three-way admixed Brazilians.