bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of Al2O3‐TiC‐ZrO2 ceramics with intragranular nanostructure by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Yi Mingdong , Zheng Kai , Chen Zhaoqiang , Xiao Guangchun , Xu Chonghai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, Al2O3‐TiC ceramic composites with intragranular nano‐ZrO2 were prepared in vacuum by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effect of ZrO2 particles with different nano‐sizes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ceramics was studied. The results show that SPS can achieve relative densification of materials without generating new impurity phases. At the same time, the sintering densification temperature of ceramic materials can be reduced by adding ZrO2 (20 nm) particles. Under the action of SPS strong electric field, the nano‐ZrO2 adsorbed on the surface of the matrix particles can enter the interior of matrix grains, and form intragranular nanostructures when the grain boundaries move and the particles merge. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ceramic materials can be improved through the intragranular structure formed by nanoparticles. The main reasons for the increased strength and toughness of ceramic materials are crack deflection, crack bridging and transgranular fracture.
Covid‐19 and the work of trade unions: Adaptation, transition and renewal
Authors: Hunt Tom , Connolly Heather 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTrade unions face long‐term challenges including declining memberships that threaten their influence. COVID‐19 created new challenges and possibilities for renewal. This article presents findings from a study conducted during the pandemic, comprising a large survey and interviews that investigated how unions adapted to the changes to working life they and their members faced. Evidence from UK unions shows unions rapidly changing how they worked, particularly in adopting and investing in new technologies. COVID‐19 became a trigger for adaptation for unions which helped to meet the challenges created by the pandemic and demonstrated unions' creative ability to adapt and maintain relevance. The article contributes new insights about union renewal and argues that renewal should be understood as a continuous and evolving process of adaptation and transition, shaped as much by internal strategy as external shocks. It argues that confidence within unions about their ability to reform is important for understanding renewal.
‘You see similarities more than differences after a while’. Communities of Practice in European industrial relations. The case of the hospital European Sectoral Social Dialogue
Authors: Galetto Manuela , Weber Sabrina , Larsson Bengt , Bechter Barbara , Prosser Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article looks at the hospital European Sectoral Social Dialogue Committee (SSDC) through a Community of Practice (CoP) theoretical lens. Based on a 2‐year project, qualitative in‐depth interviews at the European level and in five Member states, and participant observation of the hospital SSDC, we propose a shift from traditional institutional and resource‐based accounts and provide a learning and knowledge‐focused understanding of this specific area of European industrial relations. Interpreting the SSDCs as a CoP sheds new light on the role of power relations, participation and informal activities among members and on how they work together; this, we find, can alert those interested in more effective functioning of the European Sectoral Social Dialogue on how to strengthen this supra‐national level of industrial relations.
Dy3+‐doped Y2Zr2O7 highly transparent ceramics for ultraviolet excitable warm white light‐emitting applications
Authors: Lu Kailei , Han Wenhan , Cheng Gang , Zhu Xinghua , Li Shirui , Guo Hao , Gu Bosen , Ye Yucheng , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAttaining effective warm white light emitting in functionally advantageous transparent polycrystalline ceramics is vitally important to guarantee the development of both human and botanical systems. In response to this aim, a series of Dy3+‐doped Y2Zr2O7 (YZO) transparent ceramics were prepared via a solid‐state reaction and vacuum sintering approach in this work. These fabricated ceramics show high transparency, where the in‐line transmittance at 700 nm is about 76%, which is very close to the theoretical limit (78%). In addition, under the excitation of UV light sources (358 and 384 nm), strong warm white light emissions were observed in these YZO:Dy transparent ceramics. The corresponding photoluminescence characteristics and mechanisms of YZO:Dy ceramics are investigated carefully. The Dy‐doped YZO ceramics integrate with high transparency and UV‐excitable warm white light emission properties, making them promising light‐emitting converter materials for light‐emitting source applications.
The cytoplasmic expression of FSTL3 correlates with colorectal cancer progression, metastasis status and prognosis
Authors: Li Chien‐Hsiu , Fang Chih‐Yeu , Chan Ming‐Hsien , Chen Chi‐Long , Chang Yu‐Chan , Hsiao Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFollistatin‐like (FSTL) family members are associated with cancer progression. However, differences between FSTL members with identical cancer types have not been systematically investigated. Among the most malignant tumours worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) has high metastatic potential and chemoresistance, which makes it challenging to treat. A systematic examination of the relationship between the expression of FSTL family members in CRC will provide valuable information for prognosis and therapeutic development. Based on large cohort survival analyses, we determined that FSTL3 was associated with a significantly worse prognosis in CRC at the RNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemistry staining of CRC specimens revealed that FSTL3 expression levels in the cytosol were significantly associated with a poor prognosis in terms of overall and disease‐free survival. Molecular simulation analysis showed that FSTL3 participated in multiple cell motility signalling pathways via the TGF‐β1/TWIST1 axis to control CRC metastasis. The findings provide evidence of the significance of FSTL3 in the oncogenesis and metastasis of CRC. FSTL3 may be useful as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker, and as a potential therapeutic target.
Fast drug rotation reduces bacterial resistance evolution in a microcosm experiment
Authors: Zhou Dong‐Hao , Zhang Quan‐Guo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrug rotation (cycling), in which multiple drugs are administrated alternatively, has the potential for limiting resistance evolution in pathogens. The frequency of drug alternation could be a major factor to determine the effectiveness of drug rotation. Drug rotation practices often have low frequency of drug alternation, with an expectation of resistance reversion. Here we, based on evolutionary rescue and compensatory evolution theories, suggest that fast drug rotation can limit resistance evolution in the first place. This is because fast drug rotation would give little time for the evolutionarily rescued populations to recover in population size and genetic diversity, and thus decrease the chance of future evolutionary rescue under alternate environmental stresses. We experimentally tested this hypothesis using the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and two antibiotics (chloramphenicol and rifampin). Increasing drug rotation frequency reduced the chance of evolutionary rescue, and most of the finally surviving bacterial populations were resistant to both drugs. Drug resistance incurred significant fitness costs, which did not differ among the drug treatment histories. A link between population sizes during the early stages of drug treatment and the end‐point fates of populations (extinction vs survival) suggested that population size recovery and compensatory evolution before drug shift increase the chance of population survival. Our results therefore advocate fast drug rotation as a promising approach to reduce bacterial resistance evolution, which in particular could be a substitute for drug combination when the latter has safety risks.
Hospital safety‐net status and postdischarge outcomes: The impact of socioeconomic status and Medicare post‐acute care types
Authors: Zhu Ye , Stearns Sally C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) and postacute care (PAC) locations on the association between hospital safety‐net status and 30‐day postdischarge outcomes (readmission, hospice use, or death).MethodMedicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) participants during 2006–2011 who were Medicare Fee‐for‐Service beneficiaries aged 65.5 years or older were included. The associations between hospital safety‐net status and 30‐day post‐discharge outcomes were evaluated by comparing the models with and without PAC and SES adjustments. Safety‐net hospital status was defined as being in the top 20% of hospitals ranked by hospital‐level percent of total Medicare patient days. SES was measured using individual‐level SES (dual eligibility, income, and education) and the Area Deprivation Index (ADI).ResultsThis study identified 13,173 index hospitalizations for 6,825 patients; 1,428 hospitalizations (11.8%) were in safety‐net hospitals. The average unadjusted 30‐day hospital readmission rate was 22.6% in safety‐net hospitals versus 18.8% in nonsafety‐net hospitals. Regardless of whether patient SES status was controlled or not, safety‐net hospitals had higher estimated probabilities of 30‐day readmission (ranging from 0.217 to 0.222 vs. 0.184 to 0.189), and lower probabilities for having neither readmission nor hospice/death (0.750–0.763 vs. 0.780–0.785); for models additionally adjusted for PAC types, safety‐net patients had lower rates of hospice use or death (0.019–0.027 vs. 0.030–0.031).ConclusionsThe results suggested that safety‐net hospitals had lower hospice/death rates but higher readmission rates relative to outcomes at nonsafety‐net hospitals. Readmission rate differences were similar regardless of patients' SES status. However, the rate of hospice referral or death rate was related to SES, which suggested that the outcomes were affected by SES and PAC types.
Effects of forage phosphorous content on faecal phosphorous excretion and possible markers of low phosphorous intake in foals fed forage‐only diets
Authors: Ögren Gunnilla , Ragnarsson Sveinn , Jansson Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractKnowledge of endogenous nutrient losses is important when estimating the nutrient requirements of animals. It has been suggested that faecal endogenous phosphorus (P) losses differ between growing and adult horses, but studies on foals are scarce. In addition, studies on foals on forage‐only diets with different P contents are lacking. Thus this study: (1) assessed faecal endogenous P losses in foals fed a grass haylage‐only diet close to or below estimated P requirements; (2) evaluated use of serum cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptides of type‐I collagen (CTx) as a marker of bone resorption secondary to low‐P intake; and (3) examined whether analysis of faecal P concentration on a dry matter (DM) basis could be used as an indicator of P intake. Six foals were fed three grass haylages (fertilised to contain different amounts of P: 1.9, 2.1, 3.0 g/kg DM) for 17‐day periods in a Latin square design. Total collection of feaces was performed by the end of each period. Faecal endogenous P losses were estimated using linear regression analysis. There was no difference in the concentration of CTx in plasma between diets in samples collected on the last day of each period. A correlation was found (y = 0.64x − 1.51; r2 = 0.75, p < 0.0001) between P intake and faecal P content, but regression analysis indicated that underestimation as well as overestimation of intake is likely if faecal P content is used to assess intake. It was concluded that faecal endogenous P losses in foals are low, probably no higher than in adult horses. It was also concluded that plasma CTx cannot be used to assess short‐term low‐P intake in foals and that faecal P content cannot be used to assess differences in P intake, at least not when P intake is close to or below estimated P requirements.
Fine cassava fibre utilization as a dietary fibre source for dogs: Effects on kibble characteristics, diet digestibility and palatability, faecal metabolites and microbiota
Authors: Souza Camilla M. M. , Bastos Taís S. , Kaelle Gislaine C. B. , Bortolo Marcelino , de Oliveira Simone G. , Félix Ananda P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate through three experiments the effects of a fine cassava fibre (CA: 106 µm) on kibble characteristics, coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of macronutrients, diet palatability and faecal metabolites and microbiota of dogs. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (CO), without an added fibre source and with 4.3% total dietary fibre (TDF), and a diet with 9.6% CA (106 µm), with 8.4% TDF. Experiment I evaluated the physical characteristics of the kibbles. The palatability test was evaluated in experiment II, which compared the diets CO versus CA. In experiment III, 12 adult dogs were randomly assigned to one of the two dietary treatments for 15 days, totalling six replicates/treatment, to assess the CTTAD of macronutrients; faecal characteristics, faecal metabolites and microbiota. The expansion index, kibble size and friability of diets with CA were higher than the CO (p < 0.05). Additionally, the CA diet presented higher palatability than the CO (p < 0.05) but did not affect CTTAD except for those of fibre (p > 0.05). Moreover, a greater faecal concentration of acetate, butyrate and total short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and a lower faecal concentration of phenol, indole and isobutyrate were observed in dogs fed the CA diet (p < 0.05). Dogs fed with the CA diet presented a greater bacterial diversity and richness and a greater abundance of genera considered to be beneficial for gut health, such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium and Fusobacterium when compared to the CO group (p < 0.05). The inclusion of 9.6% of a fine CA improves the expansion of kibbles and diet palatability without affecting most of the CTTAD of nutrients. Besides, it improves the production of some SCFA and modulates the faecal microbiota of dogs.
The effectiveness of the behavioural components of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in older adults: A systematic review
Authors: McLaren Declan M. , Evans Jonathan , Baylan Satu , Smith Sarah , Gardani Maria 
Published: February 2023

SummaryInsomnia is more prevalent in older adults (> 60 years) than in the general population. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is the gold‐standard treatment; however, it may prove too cognitively taxing for some. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the literature exploring the effectiveness of explicitly behavioural interventions for insomnia in older adults, with secondary aims of investigating their effect on mood and daytime functioning. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE – Ovid, Embase – Ovid, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched. All experimental, quasi‐experimental and pre‐experimental studies were included, provided they: (a) were published in English; (b) recruited older adults with insomnia; (c) used sleep restriction and/or stimulus control; (d) reported outcomes pre‐and‐post intervention. Database searches returned 1689 articles; 15 studies, summarising the results of 498 older adults, were included – three focused on stimulus control, four on sleep restriction, and eight adopted multicomponent treatments comprised of both interventions. All interventions brought about significant improvements in one or more subjectively measured facets of sleep although, overall, multicomponent therapies demonstrated larger effects (median Hedge's g = 0.55). Actigraphic or polysomnographic outcomes demonstrated smaller or no effects. Improvements in measures of depression were seen in multicomponent interventions, but no intervention demonstrated any statistically significant improvement in measures of anxiety. This corroborates with the existing consensus that multicomponent approaches confer the most benefit, and adds to the literature by demonstrating this to be the case in brief, explicitly behavioural interventions. This review guides future study of treatments for insomnia in populations where cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is not appropriate.
Arbaeen Event as an Alternative to Esxisting Bottlenecks
Authors: Bod Mahdieh , Korani Zohreh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArbaeen event is the most significant religious tourism event for Shiites. Using the social interpretation approach, this study explores the context for Iranian Shiite participation and understanding of the Arbaeen event. The research methodology is qualitative. Data were collected using ethnography methods and analyzed by grounded theory. According to the results, the inefficiency of the internal decision‐making system as a result of the government and its administrative system facing a variety of crises in various political, economic, social, and cultural arenas, as well as social inequality, contribute to this event's attendance. A feeling of religious discrimination and a lack of rights for the participants leads to this inequality. The meaning reconstruction of the pilgrims’ experience and perception serves as a channel for social participation and solidarity, cultural change, and a bridge between stakeholders and officials. The core category also refers to the Arbaeen event as an alternative to existing bottlenecks.
Genderealogy: Erasure and Repair
Authors: Helmer Christine , Ravenscroft Ruth Jackson 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis essay addresses the problem of the sexed and gendered subject of genealogy, and the binary central to the fixing of male agents in the self‐narration of disciplines in genealogy. Feminist and womanist theories are considered for their strategies of repair, such as the retrieval of women erased from genealogy, the repositioning of women as transgressive subjects from an hermeneutical perspective, and the task of changing the imaginary around human agency and action. This discussion opens the door to a genderealogical repair on the basis of Schleiermacher's account of singularity as transcendentally fixed, yet relationally constituted in communities of researchers that are open to new constellations in the production of knowledge.
Examining pre‐service elementary educators' perceptions of teaching science when integrated with poetry
Authors: Love Tyler S. , Napoli Mary , Lee Doris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch has revealed that a small percentage of weekly instructional time in the elementary grades is dedicated to teaching science. Additionally, elementary educators receive limited preparation to teach science concepts compared to math or literacy skills. Therefore, this study examined if utilizing poetry to teach science concepts had a significant influence on elementary pre‐service teachers' (PSTs) self‐efficacy (SE) and expected outcomes (EOs) toward teaching science. Instructors in elementary literacy and science teaching methods courses collaborated to model strategies that integrated poetry within a science unit and mentored the PSTs in creating poems. Following the three‐week integrative unit, analyses of the survey responses revealed significant increases in the PSTs' EOs resulting from their science teaching when integrating poetry. 92% of the PSTs believed poetry would help them integrate more science instruction and in greater depth. Moderate positive correlations were found between PSTs' SE toward teaching science and gains in: (a) perceived knowledge of science concepts, (b) belief that poetry would help integrate more science instruction, and (c) belief that integrating poetry would help students learn science concepts better. This study provides implications for informing teacher preparation programs, professional development experiences, and integrated curricula efforts to expand science instruction in elementary curricula.
Plant chromatin on the move: an overview of chromatin mobility during transcription and DNA repair
Authors: Meschichi Anis , Rosa Stefanie 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYIt has become increasingly clear in recent years that chromosomes are highly dynamic entities. Chromatin mobility and re‐arrangement are involved in many biological processes, including gene regulation and the maintenance of genome stability. Despite extensive studies on chromatin mobility in yeast and animal systems, up until recently, not much had been investigated at this level in plants. For plants to achieve proper growth and development, they need to respond rapidly and appropriately to environmental stimuli. Therefore, understanding how chromatin mobility can support plant responses may offer profound insights into the functioning of plant genomes. In this review, we discuss the state of the art related to chromatin mobility in plants, including the available technologies for their role in various cellular processes.
Equine pectinate ligament descemetization is associated with age
Authors: Stonex Tara M. , Watanabe Tatiane Terumi Negrao , Robertson James B. , Westermeyer Hans D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the correlation between equine pectinate ligament descemetization and ocular disease.MethodsThe pathology database of the North Carolina State University Veterinary Medical Center was searched from 2010–2021 for all equine globes. Disease status was then assigned as affected by glaucoma, uveitis, or “other” based upon clinical records. The iridocorneal angles (ICA) of each globe were evaluated for the presence of pectinate ligament descemetization, the length of descemetization, as well as for the degree of angle collapse and the extent of cellular infiltrate or proteinaceous debris. One slide from each eye was evaluated by two separate, blinded investigators (HW & TS).ResultsA total of 66 eyes from 61 horses were identified, with a total of 124 sections of ICA of sufficient quality to review. 16 horses were affected by uveitis, 8 by glaucoma, 7 by both glaucoma and uveitis, and 30 horses by other ocular disease, most commonly ocular surface disease or neoplasia, which served as controls. Pectinate ligament descemetization was most prevalent in the control group compared to the glaucoma and uveitis groups. Pectinate ligament descemetization length was positively correlated with age, with an increase of 13.5 μm per year of age (p = .016). Infiltrate scores and angle closure scores were higher in both the glaucoma and uveitis group compared to the control group (p < .001).ConclusionsEquine pectinate ligament descemetization appears to be correlated with increased age and should not be used as a histologic marker for the presence of glaucoma.
New insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Chinese Ovophis (Serpentes, Viperidae): Inferred from multilocus data
Authors: Zeng Yang‐Mei , Li Ke , Liu Qin , Wu Ya‐Yong , Hou Shao‐Bing , Zhao Gui‐Gang , Nguyen Sang Ngoc , Guo Peng , Shi Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Asian pitviper genus Ovophis is a group of venomous snakes widely distributed in mid to high elevation mountains in Asia, and presently five species are recognised. However, its systematics, species diversity and species distribution boundaries remain poorly understood. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships and explored species diversity of Chinese Ovophis based on two mitochondrial fragments (Cyt b and ND4) and four nuclear genes (BACH1, c‐mos, Rag1, NT3) and also conducted a morphological comparison between focal species. Our results indicated that the species diversity had been underestimated within Ovophis and we described a population from southern Yunnan, China, as a new taxon, naming it as Ovophis malhotrae sp. nov. Based on more extensive sampling, we redefined the distribution of O. monticola and O. makazayazaya in China. Divergence date estimation suggested that Ovophis originated at about 16.79 Ma in the middle Miocene.