bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Egyptian Chronic Hepatitis C Patients after Treatment by Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs
Authors: bayoumy Essam M , Allam Ahmed Samir , Mohamed Marwa Ahmed , Swailam Mostafa Mohamed Fikry Elhady 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Recent studies suggested association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection cardiovascular disorders, including carotid atherosclerosis with evidence of an effect of HCV clearance on carotid atherosclerosis.

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the impact of direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for chronic hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection on carotid atherosclerosis.

Subjects and methods
This is a prospective cohort study that was carried out in Internal Medicine and Hepatology Department and outpatient clinics of the Ain shams university hospitals included 80 Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection who started treatment in form of IFN-free, DAA-based regimen and completed the course of treatment and six months follow up period. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking, full physical examination, full laboratory investigations. Radiological assessment by abdominal ultrasonography and high-resolution B mode ultrasonography of both the common carotid arteries.

Results
the mean age of cases 58.13± 7.56 years 49 (61.25%) males and 31 (38.75%) females. IMT was significantly decreased after treatment 1.24 vs. 1.57 mm p &lt; 0.001. The number of patients with IMT ≥ 1 mm was significantly decreased after 6 months 45 (56.3%) vs 57 (71.3%). there was significant positive correlation between baseline carotid IMT and age, BMI, bilirubin, INR, CTP score, Carotid plaques, total cholesterol. Meanwhile, there was significant negative correlation between baseline carotid IMT and hemoglobin, platelets, albumin, HDL. In patients who achieved SVR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL was significantly increased after treatment. IMT was significantly lower in SVR group compared to non- SVR (p = 0.016).

Conclusion
Hepatitis C virus eradication by DAAs improves carotid atherosclerosis in by decreasing intima media thickening.
Serum Interleukin 4 Level in Asthma Patient in Relation to Body Mass Index (BMI)
Authors: Mohamed Sara M , Refaat Maged M , latif Osama M Abdel , Ahmed Eman E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The association between obesity and bronchial asthma has been demonstrated by many studies, either observational or interventional studies in both children and adults. The interrelationship between obesity and asthma derives from a complex interplay of biologic, physiologic, and environmental factors. Obesity considered as an important risk factor for asthma development and this mediated by release of proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL-6) (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and leptin, into the circulation, while release of anti-inflammatory adipokines, such as adiponectin, is decreased.

Aim
To determine relation between serum interleukin (IL-4) level and body mass index (BMI) in asthmatic patients.

Methods
This study was conducted on 86 individuals. They were equally classified into two groups: group 1 (overweight and obese asthmatics) group 2 (average weight asthmatics) all of them were subjected to full history and examination, chest x ray, measurement of BMI, CBC, serum total IgE level, serum IL-4 level and pulmonary function test.

Results
Serum IL-4 level is significantly elevated in group 1(overweight and obese asthmatics) rather than group 2(average weight asthmatics) at p-value 0.000. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regard eosinophils, total igE level, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC%.

Conclusion
IL-4 level is significantly elevated in overweight and obese asthmatics rather than average weight asthmatics this may be indicate a pathogenic role in development of asthma in overweight and obese asthmatics.
Prevalence of Liver Injury, Gastrointestinal Tract Symptoms, and H. Pylori Infection in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Makhlouf Mohamed Maray , Salama Mohamed Magdy , Fathallah Ahmed , Zakaria Yasser Yehia 
Published: August 2023

Background
COVID-19 most commonly presents with respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, sore throat with characteristics of loss of smell and taste. However, digestive symptoms also occur in patients with COVID-19 and are often described in outpatients with less severe disease.

Objective
To estimate the rate of GI symptoms, liver enzyme levels outside reference ranges, and fecal tests for H. Pylori antigen among patients with the suspected or proven COVID-19.

Patients and Methods
The research performed on 70 Egyptian patients who have suspected COVID-19 symptoms included in this study. The patients are divided into four groups. Asymptomatic group, group with respiratory symptoms, group with digestive symptoms, and group with respiratory and digestive symptoms.

Results
The asymptomatic patient was 10%, gastrointestinal symptoms with or without respiratory symptoms 24.3%, digestive symptoms only 11.8% of COVID-19, and H. pylori present in 50% of the digestive group of COVID-19 patients. The use of corticosteroids in the low effective dose for ten days to 2 weeks and anticoagulant play an important role in the management of COVID-19, especially in moderate cases.

Conclusion
The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 increase up to 24.3% and the prevalence of patients with digestive symptoms only was 11.4%. In some cases, the digestive symptoms, particularly diarrhea, can be the initial or only presentation of COVID-19.
Role of Serum Zinc, Urinary Sodium and Urinary Uric Acid in Multiple Sclerosis in Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Heba Ramadan , Nasef Ayman Mohamed , Awad Eman Mahmoud , Elhafez Mohamed Aly Abd 
Published: August 2023

Background
Studies have suggested that zinc (Zn), sodium (Na) and uric acid (UA) have a role in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives
Aim of study is to measure serum Zn, urinary Na and urinary UA levels in MS patients compared to healthy control (HC) subjects, and investigate the difference between the MS subtypes and correlate it with disease activity and disability.

Patients and Methods
It is a case control study was carried on 60 clinically definite MS patients, 30 Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS) and 30 secondary progressive MS (SPMS), recruited from MS unit at Ain Shams University Hospitals, and 30 HC subjects.

Results
Regarding Zn level, there was no significance between MS and HC groups. However, significant higher level in SPMS group. There was significant higher Zn level in males of HC group only. Regarding Na level, there was significant higher level in MS group and higher level in SPMS group. There were positive correlations with duration of illness, number of relapses per year and EDSS. Regarding UA level, there was significant higher level in MS group and higher level in RRMS group. There was negative correlation with relapses rate.

Conclusion
The role of Zn level in MS is linked to disability, not its diagnosis nor its activity, due to its disturbed metabolism in CNS diseases. In addition, the role of Na level in MS is linked to higher disease activity and disability. However, the lower UA level in MS is linked to higher relapse rate, but its higher level may be a cause of disease or a consequence to effect of DMTs.
Prognostic Factors for Survival in Adult Patients with Cerebral Low-Grade Glioma
Authors: Al-Abyad Ashraf G , Abdelraheem Hesham A , Radwan Hesham M , Johny Michael Z 
Published: August 2023

Background
Low-grade gliomas are considered a therapeutic dilemma because of the heterogeneity of their clinical behavior. Patients affected by these tumors are often young and management decisions should put into consideration the potential indolent nature of these tumors and the potential long-term side effects of available therapies.

Aim of the Work
to analyze the collective data from studies to define prognostic factors for overall survival in adult patients with cerebral low-grade gliomas.

Materials and Methods
We prepared this systematic review with a careful following of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions guidelines. We conducted a literature search till December 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We performed a search for all published articles that evaluated the impact of several factors (patient’s age, KPS, neurological symptoms, histological subtype, pre-op tumor size, tumor crossing the midline, tumor enhancement, extent of resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of adult patients with cerebral low-grade glioma (LGG), Studies were independently assessed for risk of bias using (Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0) for randomized controlled trials, and (Newcastle–Ottawa Scale) for retrospective cohort studies.

Results
Patient-related factors (age was found significant according to 14 of total 19 studies, KPS according to 7 of total 11 studies, and presence of seizures according to 5 of total 7 studies). Tumor-related factors (tumor subtype was significant according to 10 of total 13 studies, IDH-mutation according to 4 of total 5 studies, 1p/19q codeletion according to 5 of total 5 studies, and tumor enhancement according to 4 of total 7 studies), and treatmentrelated factors (extent of resection was significant according to 18 of total 20 studies, while timing and dose of radiation, combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy failed to show major statistical significance, with better PFS in delayed radiotherapy “till progression”, and slightly better OS in combined chemo, radiotherapy).

Conclusion
Highly significant factors are extent of tumor resection, patient’s age, pre-op tumor volume and molecular subtype.
Effect of Laparoscopic Suturing versus Bipolar Coagulation on Ovarian Reserve in Patients Undergoing Endometriotic Ovarian Cystectomy. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hemeda Hosam M , Aboelnaga Ahmed Y , Elsenity Mohamed A 
Published: August 2023

Background
Women enter menarche with approximately 500000 primordial follicles, which slowly drop in number throughout their reproductive lifetimes.

Aim of the Work
to determine which hemostatic procedure (hemostatic suture or electrocautery) may be less harmful after laparoscopic cystectomy, based on the status of the ovarian reserve.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Faculty of medicine. The study population comprised females in childbearing period undergone laparoscopic endometriotic ovarian cystectomy at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Faculty of medicine.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference found between the two studied groups regarding AMH, AFC and FSH preoperative with p-value = 0.188, 0.533 and 0.812 respectively. While there was statistically significant increase in AMH and AFC in suturing group than cautery group postoperative with p-value &lt; 0.001 and 0.005 respectively and also statistically significant decrease in FSH in suturing group than cautery group postoperative with p-value 0.004. Results of this study showed that there was statistically significant increase in the percentage of change of FSH in cautery group (61.59 ± 39.29) than suturing group (23.46 ± 17.87) with p-value &lt; 0.001 while there was statistically significant lower rate of change in AFC and AMH in suturing group than cautery group with p-value = 0.001 and &lt; 0.001 respectively.

Conclusion
laparoscopic cystectomy reduces the ovarian reserve, which is more affected by hemostatic electrocoagulation than hemostatic sutures.
The Effect of Intra-myometrial Methylergonovine Injection versus Placebo on Decreasing Blood Loss during Transabdominal Myomectomy: A Randomized Controlled Interventional Clinical Trial
Authors: Tharwat Ahmed A , Maaty Aliaa M , Selim Aliaa E 
Published: August 2023

Background
Uterine leimyomas are tumors of the smooth muscles and the connective tissues of the uterus. They are considered to be the most common benign pelvic tumor affecting about 20% of women above the age of 35.

Aim of the Work
to compare the efficacy of intra-myometrial methylergonovine injection and placebo injection on reducing blood loss during trans-abdominal myomectomy.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, where 60 patients complaining of symptomatic myomas and fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the study were recruited from the gynecology outpatient clinic of the hospital. The patients were randomly categorized into two groups; Group A: the patients received 2 ampoules of methylergonovine (Novartis India Ltd) intra-myometrial, each ampule equals to 1 ml containing 0.2 mg (Methergine)® which was infiltrated sporadically into the myoma using a 5ml syringe and avoiding direct injection into vascular area and Group B: the patients received 2ml saline intra-myometrial which was infiltrated sporadically into the myoma using a 5ml syringe and avoiding direct injection into vascular area.

Results
the mean intraoperative blood loss in the methylergonovine group was 408 ± 70.9 ml and 573 ± 88.4 ml in the control group. There was high statistically significant difference between both groups regarding estimated intraoperative blood loss as methylergonovine injection decreased the blood loss by; 164.9±20.mL (Mean±SE). The mean post-operative haemoglobin was significantly greater in study group compared with control group (10.9±0.9 versus 10.3±1.1 g/dl) as methylergonovine injection decreased the hemoglobin drop by; 0.4±0.1 mL (Mean±SE). The mean post-operative haematocrit was significantly lower among control group compared with study group (21.4-34.2 versus 25.1-37.0 %) (P &lt; 0.001). Methylergonovine injection decreased the hematocrit drop by; 1.4±0.1 mL (Mean±SE). In the present study, the mean difference in operative time in both groups was 8.4±2.5 minutes which had a high statistically significant difference.

Conclusion
Intra-operative intra-myometrial injection of 2ml methylergonovine during trans-abdominal myomectomy significantly reduces blood loss, operative time and the need for blood transfusion.
Oral Contraceptive Pill Pretreatment in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients Undergoing IVF/ICSI Using the Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone Antagonist Protocol (A Randomized Controlled Trial)
Authors: Tamara Tarek Fathy , El-Saed Abou Gamrah Amgad , Gomaa Mostafa Fouad , Abbas Ahmed Mohamed , El-Sawy Khaled Afifi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
700 women with PCOS undergoing IVF/ICSI using flexible GnRH antagonist protocol, were included in the study, and randomized to either OCP pretreatment (n = 350), or no pretreatment (n = 350). The latter group received OCP pretreatment in the form of 30µg ethinyl estradiol / 3mg drospirenone (Yasmin®, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany) pills for an interval of 21 to 28 days; after which COH was started following a 5-day pill wash-out period.
OCP-pretreated PCOS women had more retrieved oocytes, albeit, on the expense of increased gonadotropin consumption. However, this increased oocyte yield did not translate to a significant effect on conception rates among intended-to-treat PCOS woman receiving OCP pretreatment. Conversely, it shifted among OCP-pretreated women who actually started COH cycle, to a significant 18% reduction in the probability of successful pregnancy.
Efficacy of Intravaginal Administration of Isosorbide Dinitrate Together with Misoprostol versus Misoprostol Alone in Induction of Labor
Authors: Mohamed Magdy Hassan Ahmed , Haleem Mohamed Abd ElLatif Abdel , El-Ghareeb Nermeen Ahmed Mostafa , Abd El-Hameed Nada Hisham Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

Background
Cervical ripening is a complex process involving extensive remodeling and dynamic anatomic and physiologic alternations governed by hormonal changes, inflammatory responses, vasodilatory changes, and other biological processes. Prostaglandins, produced both locally in the cervix and uterus as well as originating from the fetal membranes, play a critical role in cervical ripening and uterine contractility by increasing inflammatory mediators in the cervix and inducing cervical remodeling.

Objective
To assess the adjunctive Role of intravaginal administration of Isosorbide dinitrate in induction of labor.

Patients and Methods
This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at tertiary care hospital at Ain Shams University Maternity hospital (labor ward) and was randomly selected from full term patients attending the labor ward and scheduled for induction of labor.

Results
Our results revealed that the need to cesarean section was statistically significantly less frequent among Isosorbide dinitrate group. Our results revealed that the duration of induction to active phase interval and the duration of active stage of labor were significantly shorter among Isosorbide dinitrate group than among Control group.

Conclusion
As evident from the current study, both intravaginal misoprostol and combination of vaginal Isosorbide dinitrate and misoprostol are safe and effective modes of labor induction. Vaginal isosorbide dinitrate and misoprostol is more effective than misoprostol alone in terms of post induction Bishop Score, shorter induction to active phase interval and induction to delivery interval. Thus, the combined use of vaginal isosorbide dinitrate with misoprostol for preinduction cervical ripening at term may prove to be a major therapeutic advance.
Assessment of Quality of Life among Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: El Husseiny Khaled , Gobran Nagy Samy , Saleh Mohamed Essam , Ahmed Ammar Abubakr Abuelwafa 
Published: August 2023

Background
The concepts of quality of life and patient-centered outcomes have become popular in medical communities; however, the wide application of Quality-of-life investigations remains an obstacle for most clinicians due to the limited validation studies performed to date and the lack of disease-specific measuring instruments. Health-related quality of life has become an indispensable component of research outcomes, particularly for cancer therapy. Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks the third in terms of incidence, but second in terms of mortality, and its incidence is steadily rising in developing nations. The burden of colorectal cancer is rapidly increasing due to the high incidence and consequences of cancer therapy. Patients who survived colorectal cancer therapies may continue to suffer from physical or psychological problems.

Objective
Validating a tool for Assessment of quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors using EORTC CR29 questionnaire, by assessment of construct Validity of the Egyptian version of the questionnaire.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study was held in Ain Shams University Hospitals and Nasser Institute Cancer Centre for 6 months between January 2020 and July 2020 on 85 patients with colorectal cancer, received neo- adjuvant, adjuvant or palliative Therapy (Chemo or Radiotherapy), underwent palliative or radical surgery and not on treatment at time of study.

Results
85 patients (62.4% males and 37.6% females) participated in the study. All patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Age was ≤ 60 years among 52.9% of patients while age was &gt; 60 years among 47.1%. after assessing the quality of life (symptoms scale) in our studied patients using EORTC QLQ-CR29 scoring Manual, mean urinary frequency during day score was 28.47± 8 out of 100, mean Urinary Frequency during night score was 31.87 ± 10 out of 100, mean Urinary incontinence score was 32.94 ± 7 out of 100, mean Dysuria score was 16 ± 5 out of 100, mean Abdominal pain score was 25.86 ± 9 out of 100, mean Buttock pain score was 39 ± 12 out of 100, mean Bloated feeling score was 34 ± 11 out of 100, mean Blood and mucus in stool score was 18 ± 7 out of 100, mean Dry mouth score was 30.8 ± 5 out of 100, mean Trouble with taste score was 19.31 ±5.7 out of 100 & mean Hair loss score was 34.8 ± 16 out of 100. We assessed Quality of life (functional scale Table 5).Mean Anxiety for health in our studied patients was 70 ± 18 while Mean Anxiety for weight was 65.8 ± 9. Mean Body image - Attractive was 63.5 ± 8, Mean Body imageSatisfaction was 60.4 ± 12.

Conclusion
This study shows that the Egyptian version of the EORTC QLQ- CR29 is a valid tool for measuring QOL, as determined by application to a sample of Egyptian colorectal cancer patients.
The Prevalence of Punctal Stenosis as a Cause of Obstructive Epiphora in Ain Shams University Hospitals Ophthalmology Clinic
Authors: Elwan Sheriff , Zaki Rania Gamal Eldin , Elkitkat Rania Serag , El-Wakil Farah Reda 
Published: August 2023

Background
Epiphora or tearing is the presence of a watering eye, which is a common complaint to be referred to oculoplastic clinics for evaluation. Not only does it cause social embarrassment, epiphora can also affect the quality of a patient's life as it may interfere with daily activities, especially reading and driving. Excessive tearing may also hinder proper visual performance.

Aim of the Work
To calculate the prevalence of punctal stenosis in patients presenting with obstructive epiphora to the outpatient ophthalmology clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Patients and Methods
This descriptive cross sectional study included 75 eyes of 51 patients, with the age ranging from 4.5 to 77 years and a mean age of 52.32 ± 16.19 years. The study results showed that punctal stenosis is the most commonly encountered cause of obstructive epiphora in the study population with a prevalence of 62.7%. There was a female predominance of epiphora and punctal stenosis (68%).

Results
Our study results revealed that epiphora was more prevalent in the older age subgroups, where the highest prevalence was among the oldest age subgroup (&gt; 60 years old) (45.1%). Similarly, punctal stenosis was the most prevalent in the &gt; 60 years old age sub group (56.3%).

Conclusion
Punctal stenosis is the most commonly encountred cause of obstructive epiphora in the study population, with a female predominance. Moreover, increasing age was shown to be the most important determinant for the existence of punctal stenosis.