bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects and possible mechanisms of intermittent fasting on health and disease: a narrative review
Authors: Li Zimei , Huang Liansu , Luo Yuheng , Yu Bing , Tian Gang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The imbalance between energy intake and expenditure in an environment of continuous food availability can lead to metabolic disturbances in the body and increase the risk of obesity and a range of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Intermittent fasting (IF) is one of the most popular nonpharmacological interventions to combat obesity and chronic noncommunicable diseases. The 3 most widely studied IF regimens are alternate-day fasting, time-restricted feeding, and the 5:2 diet. In rodents, IF helps optimize energy metabolism, prevent obesity, promote brain health, improve immune and reproductive function, and delay aging. In humans, IF’s benefits are relevant for the aging global population and for increasing human life expectancy. However, the optimal model of IF remains unclear. In this review, the possible mechanisms of IF are summarized and its possible drawbacks are discussed on the basis of the results of existing research, which provide a new idea for nonpharmaceutical dietary intervention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
Excitons and trions with negative effective masses in two-dimensional semiconductors
Authors: Semina Marina A , Mamedov Javid V , Glazov Mikhail M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study theoretically fundamental Coulomb-correlated complexes: neutral and charged excitons, also known as trions, in transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers. We focus on the situation where one of the electrons occupies an excited, high-lying, conduction band characterized by a negative effective mass. We develop the theory of such high-lying excitons and trions with negative effective mass and demonstrate the key role of the non-parabolicity of the high-lying conduction band dispersion in the formation of the bound exciton and trion states. We present simple, accurate and physically justified trial wavefunctions for calculating the binding energies of Coulomb-bound complexes and compare the results of variational calculations with those of a fully numerical approach. Within the developed model, we discuss recent experimental results on the observation of high-lying negative effective mass trions.
Paranoid Thinking as a Function of Minority Group Status and Intersectionality: An International Examination of the Role of Negative Beliefs
Authors: Kingston J L , Schlier B , Lincoln T , So S H , Gaudiano B A , Morris E M J , Phiri P , Ellett L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Paranoia is higher in minority group individuals, especially those reporting intersecting aspects of difference. High negative and low positive self and other beliefs, and low social rank, are predictive of paranoia overtime; however, data are typically from majority group participants. This study examined whether social defeat or healthy cultural mistrust best characterizes paranoia in minority groups.

Study Design
Using cross-sectional, survey design, with a large (n = 2510) international sample, moderation analyses (PROCESS) examined whether self and other beliefs, and perceived social rank, operate similarly or differently in minority vs majority group participants. Specifically, we tested whether beliefs moderated the influence of minority group, and intersecting aspects of difference, on paranoia.

Study Results
Paranoia was consistently higher in participants from minority vs majority groups and level of paranoid thinking was significantly higher at each level of the intersectionality index. Negative self/other beliefs were associated with elevated paranoia in all participants. However, in support of the notion of healthy cultural mistrust, low social rank, and low positive self/other beliefs were significantly associated with paranoia in majority group participants but unrelated to paranoia in respective minority group members.

Conclusions
Although mixed, our findings signal the need to consider healthy cultural mistrust when examining paranoia in minority groups and bring into question whether “paranoia” accurately describes the experiences of marginalized individuals, at least at low levels of severity. Further research on paranoia in minority groups is crucial to developing culturally appropriate ways of understanding people’s experiences in the context of victimization, discrimination, and difference.
Geographic Disparities in Re-triage Destinations Among Seriously Injured Californians
Authors: Furmanchuk Al’ona , James Rydland Kelsey , Hsia Renee Y. , Mackersie Robert , Shi Meilynn , William Hauser Mark , Kho Abel , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Stey Anne M. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study is to quantify geographic disparities in suboptimal re-triage of seriously injured patients in California.

Summary of background data:
Re-triage is the emergent transfer of seriously injured patients from the emergency departments of nontrauma and low-level trauma centers to, ideally, high-level trauma centers. Some patients are re-triaged to a second nontrauma or low-level trauma center (suboptimal) instead of a high-level trauma center (optimal).

Methods:
This was a retrospective observational cohort study of seriously injured patients, defined by an Injury Severity Score >15, re-triaged in California (2009–2018). Re-triages within 1 day of presentation to the sending center were considered. The suboptimal re-triage rate was quantified at the state, regional trauma coordinating committees (RTCC), local emergency medical service agencies, and sending center level. A generalized linear mixed-effects regression quantified the association of suboptimality with the RTCC of the sending center. Geospatial analyses demonstrated geographic variations in suboptimal re-triage rates and calculated alternative re-triage destinations.

Results:
There were 8,882 re-triages of seriously injured patients and 2,680 (30.2%) were suboptimal. Suboptimally re-triaged patients had 1.5 higher odds of transfer to a third short-term acute care hospital and 1.25 increased odds of re-admission within 60 days from discharge. The suboptimal re-triage rates increased from 29.3% in 2009 to 38.6% in 2018. However, 56.0% of nontrauma and low-level trauma centers had at least one suboptimal re-triage. The Southwest RTCC accounted for the largest proportion (39.8 %) of all suboptimal re-triages in California.

Conclusion:
High population density geographic areas experienced higher suboptimal re-triage rates.
The role of l-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway in the local antinociceptive effect of berberine in the rat formalin test
Authors: Rahemi Milad , Mohtadi Shokooh , Rajabi Vardanjani Hossein , Khodayar Mohammad Javad 
Published: March 2023

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid naturally produced by several types of plants. Berberine has extensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In the current study, we assess the antinociceptive effects of berberine and its association with the l-arginine (l-Arg)/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway via intraplantar administration in rats. To examine the antinociceptive properties of berberine, the formalin test was conducted. The number of rat paw flinches was counted for an h. l-Arg (precursor of nitric oxide, 3–30 μg/paw), l-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor, 10 and 100 μg/paw), methylene blue (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 100 and 200 μg/paw), and glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, 10 and 30 μg/paw) were locally injected, respectively, into the right hind paws of rats as a pre-treatment before berberine injection to understand how the l-Arg/NO/cGMP/KATP pathway plays a role in the antinociceptive effect of berberine. The ipsilateral injection of berberine into the right paw (0.1–100
μg/paw) showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in both the first and second phases of the formalin test, almost similar to morphine (25 μg/paw). Intraplantar injection of l-Arg (30 µg/paw) increased the antinociceptive effect of berberine in the second phase. In addition, injection of l-NAME, methylene blue, and glibenclamide caused a reduction in the antinociceptive effect of berberine throughout the second phase in a dose-dependent manner. However, the antinociceptive effects of berberine in the first phase of the rat formalin test were not affected by this pathway. As a novel local antinociceptive agent, berberine can exert a peripheral antinociceptive effect via the l-Arg/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway.
Study on oxidative stress and inflammatory/antioxidant substance levels in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Morimoto Masahito , Hashimoto Toshiaki , Tsuda Yoshimi , Suenaga Midori , Nakamura Toshimi , Katoh Shinsuke 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes oxidative stress and brain inflammation. We investigated the relationship among oxidative stress markers, in vivo inflammatory substances, and antioxidants that can be easily measured in the clinic and compared them between children with ASD and those with typical development (TD).

Methods:
Sixty-one children with TD and 199 with untreated ASD were investigated. They were Japanese children aged 2–15 years and were divided into those aged <7 and ≥7 years. Serum levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), prolactin (PRL), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T-Bil), and uric acid (UA) were measured. These measurements were compared between TD and ASD, and the relationship between oxidative stress and relevant laboratory parameters was analyzed.

Results:
The hsCRP and PRL levels were significantly higher in patients with ASD than in those with TD. Among those aged <7 years, hsCRP and PRL were significantly higher in those with ASD than in those with TD. Among those aged ≥7 years, ROMs, hsCRP, and PRL were significantly higher in those with ASD than in those with TD. In ASD, ROMs were significantly correlated with hsCRP, Alb, T-Bil, and PRL. In contrast, no significant correlations were found in the TD group except for the relationship between ROMs and hsCRP in those aged <7 years.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that serum levels of in vivo inflammatory substances, stress-related substances, and antioxidants are altered in ASD under oxidative stress.
Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT and FDG-PET in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Caballeros Lam Meylin , Pujols Paula , Ezponda Casajús Ana , Guillén Valderrama Fernando , García Velloso María José , Wyss Alejandra , García del Barrio Loreto , Larrache Latasa Javier , Pueyo Villoslada Jesús , Lozano Escario María Dolores , de-Torres Juan P. , Alcaide Ocaña Ana Belén , Campo Ezquibela Aránzazu , Seijo Maceiras Luis , Montuenga Badía Luis , Zulueta Javier , Iñarrairaegui Bastarrica Mercedes , Herrero Santos Ignacio , Bastarrika Alemañ Gorka 
Published: March 2023

To address the feasibility of implementing a lung cancer screening program in liver transplant recipients (LTR) targeted to detect early-stage lung cancer one hundred twenty-four LTR (89% male, 59.8+/−8.8 y old), who entered the lung cancer screening program at our hospital were reviewed. The results of the diagnostic algorithm using low-dose CT and F-18-fluorodeoxyglycose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) were analyzed. Lung cancer was detected in 12 LTR (9.7%), most of which corresponded to the non-small cell subtype. Two of the 12 lung cancers were detected in the baseline study (prevalence of 1.6%), whereas 10 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer in the follow-up (incidence of 8.1%). Considering all cancers, 10 of 12 (83.3%) were diagnosed at stage I, one cancer was diagnosed at stage IIIA, and another one at stage IV. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of F-18-fluorodeoxyglycose positron emission tomography to detect malignancy in our cohort were 81.8%,100%, 99.3%, 100%, and 99.3%, respectively. A carefully followed multidisciplinary lung cancer screening algorithm in LTR that includes F-18-fluorodeoxyglycose positron emission tomography and low-dose CT allows lung cancer to be diagnosed at an early stage while reducing unnecessary invasive procedures.
The association of preexisting severe asthma with COVID-19 outcomes
Authors: Terry Paul D. , Heidel R. Eric , Dhand Rajiv 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of reviewThree years after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies have examined the association between asthma and COVID-related morbidity and mortality, with most showing that asthma does not increase risk. However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) currently suggests that patients with severe asthma may, nonetheless, be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19-related morbidity.Recent findingsWith respect to poor COVID-19 outcomes, our search yielded nine studies that quantified associations with severe asthma, seven that considered use of monoclonal antibodies (mAB), and 14 that considered inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) use. mAb and ICS use have been used as measures of severe asthma in several studies. Severe asthma was significantly associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. The results for mAb and ICS were mixed.SummaryAn increased risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes in patients with severe asthma is possible. However, these studies remain sparse and suffer from several methodological limitations that hinder their interpretation. Additional evidence is needed to provide clear, cogent guidance for health agencies seeking to inform patients with asthma about potential risks due to COVID-19.
Effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with fracture: A systematic review
Authors: Zeng Ting , Lv Jie , Cui Yang , Li Xue-Feng , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Previous studies have explored the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients with fracture. However, no systematic review has addressed this issue. Thus, this systematic review investigated the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on POCD in elderly patients with fracture.

Methods:
In this study, we searched electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wang Fang and China Science and Technology Journal Database from their initiation to July 1, 2022. We considered randomized controlled trials of dexmedetomidine on POCD in elderly patients with fracture in this study. Primary outcome was measured by mini-mental state examination. Secondary outcomes were measured by total occurrence rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, occurrence rate of delirium, visual analogue scale and occurrence rate of adverse events.

Results:
A total of 10 studies involving 969 elderly patients with fracture are included in this study. Meta-analysis results showed that there were significant differences on mini-mental state examination at 1-day post-surgery [mean difference (MD) = 2.17; random 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06, 3.28; P < .001; I²=98%], 3-day post-surgery (MD = 2.70; random 95% CI, 1.51, 3.89; P < .001; I²=98%), and 7-day post-surgery (MD = 1.21; random 95% CI, 0.50, 1.93; P < .001; I²=86%), total occurrence rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; fixed 95% CI, 0.11, 0.60; P = .002; I²= 0%), occurrence rate of delirium (OR = 0.29; fixed 95% CI, 0.11, 0.78; P = .01; I²= 0%), visual analogue scale (MD = −1.23; random 95% CI, −1.74, −0.72; P < .001; I²=95%), and occurrence rate of adverse events (OR = 0.32; fixed 95% CI, 0.20, 0.50; P < .001; I²= 0%) between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that dexmedetomidine could effectively manage POCD in elderly patients with fracture. However, the overall quality of included trials is not too high. Thus, the present findings should be cautiously referred.
Lasers for stone lithotripsy: advantages/disadvantages of each laser source
Authors: Emiliani Esteban , Kanashiro Andres , Angerri Oriol 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to make a narrative review of the literature in search of all articles regarding thulium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG), thulium laser fiber (TFL) and holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) for lithotripsy from 2020 to 2023. A selection of articles of special interest and best evidence was made in order to give a better perspective on their advantages and disadvantages.

Recent findings
New Ho:YAG technologies of as high power, high frequency and pulsed modulations have shown promising results for lithotripsy by reducing retropulsion with good ablation efficiency. High peak power makes it particularly good for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. High intrarenal temperatures and correct setting are still concerning points.
TFL has arrived to be one of the main players in flexible ureteroscopy. Being highly efficient and quick, and by producing micro-dusting the laser is quickly heading to become a gold standard. The new pulsed Thulium YAG is the newest laser. For now, only in-vitro studies show promising results with efficient lithotripsy. As the peak power lies between Ho:YAG and TFL it may be able to adequately perform when needing and low power lithotripsy.

Summary
Several new technologies have been developed in the last years for stone lithotripsy. All being efficient and safe if well used. Different advantages and disadvantages of each laser must be taken into consideration to give each laser the proper indication.
HIV medical care interruption among people living with HIV in Spain, 2004–2020
Authors: Izquierdo Rebeca , Rava Marta , Moreno-García Estela , Blanco José Ramón , Asensi Víctor , Cervero Miguel , Curran Adrian , Rubio Rafael , Iribarren José Antonio , Jarrín Inmaculada 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
We estimated the incidence rate of HIV medical care interruption (MCI) and its evolution over a 16-year-period, and identified associated risk factors among HIV-positive individuals from the Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network in 2004–2020.

Design:
We included antiretroviral-naive individuals aged at least 18 years at enrolment, recruited between January 1, 2004, and August 30, 2019, and followed-up until November 30, 2020.

Methods:
Individuals with any time interval of at least 15 months between two visits were defined as having a MCI. We calculated the incidence rate (IR) of having at least one MCI and used multivariable Poisson regression models to identify associated risk factors.

Results:
Of 15 274 individuals, 5481 (35.9%) had at least one MCI. Of those, 2536 (46.3%) returned to HIV care after MCI and 3753 (68.5%) were lost to follow-up at the end of the study period. The incidence rate (IR) of MCI was 7.2/100 person-years (py) [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0–7.4]. The annual IR gradually decreased from 20.5/100 py (95% CI: 16.4–25.6) in 2004 to 4.9/100 py (95% CI: 4.4–5.5) in 2014, a slight increase was observed between 2015 and 2018, reaching 9.3/100 py (95% CI: 8.6–10.2) in 2019. Risk factors for MCI included younger age, lower educational level, having contracted HIV infection through injecting drug use or heterosexual intercourse, having been born outside of Spain, and CD4+ cell count >200 cell/μl, viral load <100 000 and co-infection with hepatitis C virus at enrolment.

Conclusions:
Around a third of individuals had at least one MCI during the follow-up. Identified predictors of MCI can help health workers to target and support most vulnerable individuals.
Facial Asymmetry Phenotypes in Adult Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Hong Mihee , Kim Haeddeuri , Yang Il-Hyung , Choi Jin-Young , Lee Jong-Ho , Kim Myung-Jin , Chung Jee Hyeok , Kim Sukwha , Baek Seung-Hak 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to classify and characterize facial asymmetry (FA) phenotypes in adult patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and skeletal class III malocclusion. The samples comprised 52 adult UCLP patients (36 men and 16 women; mean age, 22.43 y) who had undergone orthognathic surgery for correction of class III malocclusion. After measurement of 22 cephalometric parameters in posteroanterior cephalograms taken 1 month before orthognathic surgery, principal component analysis was performed to obtain 5 representative parameters [deviation (mm) of ANS (ANS-dev), maxillary central incisor contact point (Mx1-dev), and menton (Me-dev); cant (degree) of the maxillary anterior occlusal plane (MxAntOP-cant) and mandibular border (MnBorder-cant)]. K-means cluster analysis was conducted using these representative parameters. The differences in cephalometric parameters among the clusters were statistically analyzed. The FA phenotypes were classified into 4 types: No-cant-and-No-deviation type (cluster-4, n=16, 30.8%); MxMn-cant-MxMn-dev to the cleft-side type (cluster-3, n=4, 7.7%); Mx-cant-Mn-shift to the cleft-side type (cluster-2, n=15, 28.8%); and Mn-cant-Mn-dev to the noncleft-side type (cluster-1, n=17, 32.7%). Asymmetry in the maxilla and/or mandible were observed in 70% of patients. One third of patients (cluster-2 and cluster-3; sum, 36.5%) exhibited significant cant of MxAntOP induced by cleft and cant or shift of the mandible to the cleft side. Another one third of patients (cluster-1, 32.7%) demonstrated significant deviation and cant of the mandible to the noncleft-side despite cleft in the maxilla. This FA phenotype classification might be a basic guideline for diagnosis and treatment planning for UCLP patients.
Can Condylectomy Alone Achieve Facial Symmetry in Patients With Hemimandibular Hyperplasia (Condylar Hyperplasia Type 2)?
Authors: Abboud Waseem A. , Romano Rafi , Ledermann Shlomi , Shashua Dafna , Naddaf Raja , Tulchinsky Michael , Kadry Rana , Shamir Dror 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional orofacial changes occurring after proportional condylectomy in patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia type 2 (hemimandibular hyperplasia). Eight patients underwent proportional condylectomy that was not followed by orthognathic surgery or orthodontic treatment for at least 1 year. The precondylectomy and postcondylectomy photographs and radiographs were analyzed cephalometrically and compared. The average length of the condylar segment removed was 13 mm and this resulted in almost equal heights of the ramus-condyle units of both sides. Evaluations in the vertical plane improved after surgery; however, when the preoperative asymmetry was significant, the residual asymmetry continued to be notable after condylectomy. Transverse plane evaluations improved after condylectomy, and chin position was satisfactorily centralized in all patients. In the horizontal plane, mandibular setback occurred, and this was considered favorable when the preoperative skeletal profile was class III, whereas the opposite was when the patient was class I before surgery. The occlusion improved gradually over the postoperative months by the intrusion on the affected side and extrusion on the unaffected side into a bilaterally balanced posterior contacts with residual anterior open bite. In conclusion, condylar hyperplasia type 2 patients with mild asymmetry and low esthetic demands can benefit from proportional condylectomy as the sole treatment to both stop the hyperplastic condylar growth and improve the asymmetry to some extent. Surgeons should be able to predict the change that is expected to occur after proportional condylectomy and discuss this with the patient before surgery.