bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future Increase in Aridity Drives Abrupt Biodiversity Loss Among Terrestrial Vertebrate Species
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Guo Renyun , Xu Xiaocong , Shi Qian , Li Xia , Yu Haipeng , Ren Yu , Huang Jianping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe planet is predicted to become drier because of accelerating global warming, increasing great challenges to the survival of terrestrial species. However, the understanding of when and where increasing aridity in the future will lead to abrupt biodiversity loss is still limited. Here, we predicted the spatiotemporal dynamics of future vertebrate biodiversity loss driven by increasing aridity at the assemblage scale under the scenario framework of the shared socio‐economic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The results show that, under the high‐emissions scenario of SSP5‐8.5, more than 24.19% of terrestrial assemblages are projected to have at least one vertebrate species exposed to unprecedented aridity conditions by 2100, leading to 55.29% of terrestrial vertebrate species experiencing local habitat loss. In addition, the mean magnitude of global exposure is expected to reach 17.47% by 2100. Within these assemblages, most species will be simultaneously exposed to unprecedented aridity conditions, with an average exposure abruptness of 78.00%, most of which will occur intensively after 2050. If we manage to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the SSP1‐2.6 (SSP2‐4.5) scenario, the magnitude of exposure can significantly decrease to 7.35% (10.56%), and the onset of exposure can be delayed by 43 (30) years, averaging approximately 30% (14%) of vertebrate species from local habitat loss. Our findings also highlight that the concurrent extremes of increasing aridity and rising temperature in Southeast Asia and Amazon rainforests may amplify exposure risks, which can motivate decision‐makers to respond early and eﬀectively to mitigate abrupt ecological disruption.
Two Volcanic Tsunami Events Caused by Trapdoor Faulting at a Submerged Caldera Near Curtis and Cheeseman Islands in the Kermadec Arc
Authors: Sandanbata Osamu , Watada Shingo , Satake Kenji , Kanamori Hiroo , Rivera Luis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo submarine earthquakes (Mw 5.8) occurred near volcanic islands, Curtis and Cheeseman, in the Kermadec Arc in 2009 and 2017. Following both earthquakes, similar tsunamis with wave heights of about a meter, larger than expected from their moderate seismic magnitudes, were observed by coastal tide gauges. We investigate the source mechanism for both earthquakes by analyzing tsunami and seismic data of the 2017 event. Tsunami waveform analysis indicates that the earthquake uplifted a submerged caldera around the islands. Combined analysis of tsunami and seismic data suggests that trapdoor faulting, or sudden intra‐caldera fault slip interacted with magma reservoir deformation, occurred due to magma overpressure, possibly in association with caldera resurgence. The earthquake scaling relationship for trapdoor faulting events at three calderas deviates from that for regular earthquakes, possibly due to the fault‐reservoir interaction in calderas.
Strong High‐Latitude Zonal Wind Gradient Observed by CHAMP and Simulated by TIEGCM
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui , Wang Wenbin , McInerney Joseph M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing 6 days cross‐track wind data from CHAMP, we investigate the high‐latitude westward wind gradient and reversal that occurs at fixed longitudes (−120° ∼ −30° GLon in the Northern Hemisphere, 150° ∼ 210° GLon in the Southern Hemisphere). The driver of the wind gradient at 60° ∼ 70° GLat and in the noon sector is investigated via TIEGCM. The wind gradient is driven by the combined effects of the Earth's geomagnetic field configuration and the energy deposition from the solar wind. The temporal variations of the neutral wind cell in afternoon sector are critical to the formation of wind gradient. The development of wind gradient is due to the equatorward expansion of the afternoon westward wind cell from the geographic high‐latitudes to 60° ∼ 70° GLat. Whereas the disappearance is associated with the poleward contraction from 60° to ∼70° GLat to higher latitudes. A further diagnostic analysis of model results shows that the primary internal driver of the wind gradient is a balance between ion drag and pressure gradient. In the acceleration phase, ion drag causes the formation of the strong gradient of westward wind, whereas pressure gradient decelerates it. A similar result is found in the deceleration phase. The ion drag is controlled predominantly by both the electron density and the relative motion between the ions and neutrals.
Quantifying Parametric Uncertainty Effects on Tropical Cloud Fraction in an AGCM
Authors: Xie Feng , Li Lijuan , Pu Ye , Wang Bin , Xue Wei , Qiu Xuexing , Wang Gen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe underestimation of cloud fraction, especially the low stratus cloud (LSC) fraction over the eastern oceans, remains a problem in most atmospheric global climate models. This study investigated potential improvements through perturbing nine moist physical parameters, using uniform sampling and Latin hypercube sampling methods, and quantified the parametric uncertainty and effects of non‐linear interaction between parameters on the tropical cloud fraction in the Grid‐Point Atmospheric Model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics/State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, version 2. Results showed that the uncertainty ranges of the tropical total cloud fraction and LSC associated with multiple‐parameter perturbation were larger than those from any single‐parameter perturbation. The total cloud fraction was significantly improved with multiple‐parameter perturbation and the LSC also increased notably when using parameter values optimized for the total cloud fraction because of the indirect parametric effect on lower‐tropospheric stability. Non‐linear effects between parameters on simulating LSC were much stronger than those on simulating the total cloud fraction. Furthermore, the non‐linear interaction reduced large values of total cloud fraction but had a strong incremental effect on large values of LSC over the southeast Pacific. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of improving the simulation of LSC over the eastern oceans by tuning moist parameters, and provide further insight into the non‐linear effects between parameters on the simulation of cloud fraction.
Astronaut Radiation Dose Calculation With a New Galactic Cosmic Ray Model and the AMS‐02 Data
Authors: Chen Xuemei , Xu Songying , Song Xiaojian , Huo Ran , Luo Xi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present a new calculation of the astronaut dose rate from the galactic cosmic rays in free space at 1 AU. We use the unshielded isotropic fluence‐to‐dose conversion coefficients given in the International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 123. A new 3D and time‐dependent solar modulation model based on Parker's transport equation as originally developed in Song et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac281c) is used to calculate the galactic cosmic ray spectra at 1 AU. This model uses the recent local interstellar spectra of Corti et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aafac4), M. J. Boschini et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aba901, 2021a, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf11c) to reproduce the PAMELA and AMS‐02 observations between 2006 and 2019. The radiation dose calculated from our model and from the AMS‐02 spectra in the same rigidity region agrees better than 1% for proton and helium in a time‐dependent way, and at 2% level for six most contributing cosmic ray elements averaged over 7 or 8.5 years. The time‐dependent dose rate analysis over 13 years shows an effective dose equivalent rate of 55–58 cSv/yr at solar minimum (January 2010) and 26 cSv/yr at solar maximum (February 2014).
Fire in the Earth System: Introduction to the Special Collection
Authors: East Amy , AghaKouchak Amir , Caprarelli Graziella , Filippelli Gabriel , Florindo Fabio , Luce Charles , Rajaram Harihar , Russell Lynn , Santin Cristina , Santos Isaac 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFire has always been an important component of many ecosystems, but anthropogenic global climate change is now altering fire regimes over much of Earth's land surface, spurring a more urgent need to understand the physical, biological, and chemical processes associated with fire as well as its effects on human societies. In 2020, AGU launched a Special Collection that spanned 10 journals, soliciting papers under the theme “Fire in the Earth System” to encourage state‐of‐the‐art publications in fire‐related science. The completed Special Collection comprises more than 100 papers. Here, we summarize the articles published in this collection, considering them to be grouped into seven themes: paleofire and its ties to climate; evolution of fire patterns in the recent past and the future, including the effects of ongoing climate change; physical (atmospheric) and chemical processes associated with fire; ecosystem effects, including on biogeochemical cycles; physical landscape change after fire and its associated hazards; fire effects on water quality, air quality, and human health; and new methods and technologies applied to fire research.
Cdyl2-60aa encoded by CircCDYL2 accelerates cardiomyocyte death by blocking APAF1 ubiquitination in rats
Authors: Deng Yunfei , Zeng Xiaochen , Lv Yifei , Qian Zhiyuan , Guo Peijie , Liu Yi , Chen Shaoliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) after myocardial infarction (MI) is widely acknowledged to initiate the development of heart failure (HF). Herein, we found that circCDYL2 (583 nt) derived from chromodomain Y-like 2 (Cdyl2) is significantly upregulated in vitro (oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated CMs) and in vivo (failing heart post-MI) and can be translated into a polypeptide termed Cdyl2-60aa (~7 kDa) in the presence of internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES). Downregulation of circCDYL2 significantly decreased the loss of OGD-treated CMs or the infarcted area of the heart post-MI. Additionally, elevated circCDYL2 significantly accelerated CM apoptosis via Cdyl2-60aa. We then discovered that Cdyl2-60aa could stabilize protein apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (APAF1) and promote CM apoptosis; heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mediated APAF1 degradation in CMs by ubiquitinating APAF1, which Cdyl2-60aa could competitively block. In conclusion, our work substantiated the claim that circCDYL2 could promote CM apoptosis via Cdyl2-60aa, which enhanced APAF1 stability by blocking its ubiquitination by HSP70, suggesting that it is a therapeutic target for HF post-MI in rats.
Exosome-based nanoimmunotherapy targeting TAMs, a promising strategy for glioma
Authors: Luo Hong , Zhang Hao , Mao Jinning , Cao Hui , Tao Yihao , Zhao Guanjian , Zhang Zhiwen , Zhang Nan , Liu Zaoqu , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng , Xia Yuguo , Cheng Yuan , Xie Zongyi , Cheng Quan , Liu Guodong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExosomes, the cell-derived small extracellular vehicles, play a vital role in intracellular communication by reciprocally transporting DNA, RNA, bioactive protein, chains of glucose, and metabolites. With great potential to be developed as targeted drug carriers, cancer vaccines and noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment response evaluation, prognosis prediction, exosomes show extensive advantages of relatively high drug loading capacity, adjustable therapeutic agents release, enhanced permeation and retention effect, striking biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, etc. With the rapid progression of basic exosome research, exosome-based therapeutics are gaining increasing attention in recent years. Glioma, the standard primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, is still up against significant challenges as current traditional therapies of surgery resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and numerous efforts into new drugs showed little clinical curative effect. The emerging immunotherapy strategy presents convincing results in many tumors and is driving researchers to exert its potential in glioma. As the crucial component of the glioma microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and strongly influence glioma progressionviavarious signaling molecules, simultaneously providing new insight into therapeutic strategies. Exosomes would substantially assist the TAMs-centered treatment as drug delivery vehicles and liquid biopsy biomarkers. Here we review the current potential exosome-mediated immunotherapeutics targeting TAMs in glioma and conclude the recent investigation on the fundamental mechanisms of diversiform molecular signaling events by TAMs that promote glioma progression.
Ferroptosis in lung cancer: a novel pathway regulating cell death and a promising target for drug therapy
Authors: Xing Nan , Du Qinyun , Guo Sa , Xiang Gelin , Zhang Yi , Meng Xianli , Xiang Li , Wang Shaohui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLung cancer is a common malignant tumor that occurs in the human body and poses a serious threat to human health and quality of life. The existing treatment methods mainly include surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, due to the strong metastatic characteristics of lung cancer and the emergence of related drug resistance and radiation resistance, the overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is not ideal. There is an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies or new effective drugs to treat lung cancer. Ferroptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death, is different from the traditional cell death pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and so on. It is caused by the increase of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species due to intracellular iron overload, which leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxides, thus inducing cell membrane oxidative damage, affecting the normal life process of cells, and finally promoting the process of ferroptosis. The regulation of ferroptosis is closely related to the normal physiological process of cells, and it involves iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the balance between oxygen-free radical reaction and lipid peroxidation. A large number of studies have confirmed that ferroptosis is a result of the combined action of the cellular oxidation/antioxidant system and cell membrane damage/repair, which has great potential application in tumor therapy. Therefore, this review aims to explore potential therapeutic targets for ferroptosis in lung cancer by clarifying the regulatory pathway of ferroptosis. Based on the study of ferroptosis, the regulation mechanism of ferroptosis in lung cancer was understood and the existing chemical drugs and natural compounds targeting ferroptosis in lung cancer were summarized, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of lung cancer. In addition, it also provides the basis for the discovery and clinical application of chemical drugs and natural compounds targeting ferroptosis to effectively treat lung cancer.
Nonvolatile electrical control of spin polarization in the 2D bipolar magnetic semiconductor VSeF
Authors: Li Yuhui , Deng Jun , Zhang Yan-Fang , Jin Xin , Dong Wen-Han , Sun Jia-Tao , Pan Jinbo , Du Shixuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNonvolatile electrical control of spin polarization in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors is greatly appealing toward future low-dissipation spintronic nanodevices. Here, we report a 2D material VSeF, which is an intrinsic bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) featured with opposite spin-polarized valence and conduction band edges. We then propose a general nonvolatile strategy to manipulate both spin-polarized orientations in BMS materials by introducing a ferroelectric gate with proper band alignment. The spin-up/spin-down polarization of VSeF is successfully controlled by the electric dipole of ferroelectric bilayer Al2Se3, verifying the feasibility of the design strategy. The interfacial doping effect from ferroelectric gate also plays a role in enhancing the Curie temperature of the VSeF layer. Two types of spin field effect transistors, namely multiferroic memory and spin filter, are further achieved in VSeF/Al2Se3 and VSeF/Al2Se3/Al2Se3 multiferroic heterostructures, respectively. This work will stimulate the application of 2D BMS materials in future spintronic nanodevices.
Bayesian optimization with active learning of design constraints using an entropy-based approach
Authors: Khatamsaz Danial , Vela Brent , Singh Prashant , Johnson Duane D. , Allaire Douglas , Arróyave Raymundo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe design of alloys for use in gas turbine engine blades is a complex task that involves balancing multiple objectives and constraints. Candidate alloys must be ductile at room temperature and retain their yield strength at high temperatures, as well as possess low density, high thermal conductivity, narrow solidification range, high solidus temperature, and a small linear thermal expansion coefficient. Traditional Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) methods are not sufficient for exploring combinatorially-vast alloy design spaces, optimizing for multiple objectives, nor ensuring that multiple constraints are met. In this work, we propose an approach for solving a constrained multi-objective materials design problem over a large composition space, specifically focusing on the Mo-Nb-Ti-V-W system as a representative Multi-Principal Element Alloy (MPEA) for potential use in next-generation gas turbine blades. Our approach is able to learn and adapt to unknown constraints in the design space, making decisions about the best course of action at each stage of the process. As a result, we identify 21 Pareto-optimal alloys that satisfy all constraints. Our proposed framework is significantly more efficient and faster than a brute force approach.
Genetic effects on the timing of parturition and links to fetal birth weight
Authors: Solé-Navais Pol , Flatley Christopher , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Vaudel Marc , Juodakis Julius , Chen Jing , Laisk Triin , LaBella Abigail L. , Westergaard David , Bacelis Jonas , Brumpton Ben , Skotte Line , Borges Maria C. , Helgeland Øyvind , Mahajan Anubha , Wielscher Matthias , Lin Frederick , Briggs Catherine , Wang Carol A. , Moen Gunn-Helen , Beaumont Robin N. , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Abraham Abin , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Gabrielsen Maiken E. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Modzelewska Dominika , Nohr Ellen A. , Hypponen Elina , Srivastava Amit , Talbot Octavious , Allard Catherine , Williams Scott M. , Menon Ramkumar , Shields Beverley M. , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Xu Huan , Melbye Mads , Lowe William , Bouchard Luigi , Oken Emily , Pedersen Ole B. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Erikstrup Christian , Sørensen Erik ,   Early Growth Genetics Consortium, McCarthy Mark I. ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team,   Danish Blood Donor Study Genomic Consortium, Lie Rolv T. , Teramo Kari , Hallman Mikko , Juliusdottir Thorhildur , Hakonarson Hakon , Ullum Henrik , Hattersley Andrew T. , Sletner Line , Merialdi Mario , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Steingrimsdottir Thora , Scholtens Denise , Power Christine , West Jane , Nyegaard Mette , Capra John A. , Skogholt Anne H. , Magnus Per , Andreassen Ole A. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Grant Struan F. A. , Qvigstad Elisabeth , Pennell Craig E. , Hivert Marie-France , Hayes Geoffrey M. , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , McCarthy Mark I. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Nielsen Henriette S. , Mägi Reedik , Rokas Antonis , Hveem Kristian , Stefansson Kari , Feenstra Bjarke , Njolstad Pål , Muglia Louis J. , Freathy Rachel M. , Johansson Stefan , Zhang Ge , Jacobsson Bo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe timing of parturition is crucial for neonatal survival and infant health. Yet, its genetic basis remains largely unresolved. We present a maternal genome-wide meta-analysis of gestational duration (n = 195,555), identifying 22 associated loci (24 independent variants) and an enrichment in genes differentially expressed during labor. A meta-analysis of preterm delivery (18,797 cases, 260,246 controls) revealed seven associated loci and large genetic similarities with gestational duration. Analysis of the parental transmitted and nontransmitted alleles (n = 136,833) shows that 15 of the gestational duration genetic variants act through the maternal genome, whereas 7 act both through the maternal and fetal genomes and 2 act only via the fetal genome. Finally, the maternal effects on gestational duration show signs of antagonistic pleiotropy with the fetal effects on birth weight: maternal alleles that increase gestational duration have negative fetal effects on birth weight. The present study provides insights into the genetic effects on the timing of parturition and the complex maternal–fetal relationship between gestational duration and birth weight.
Lorlatinib with or without chemotherapy in ALK-driven refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma: phase 1 trial results
Authors: Goldsmith Kelly C. , Park Julie R. , Kayser Kimberly , Malvar Jemily , Chi Yueh-Yun , Groshen Susan G. , Villablanca Judith G. , Krytska Kateryna , Lai Lillian M. , Acharya Patricia T. , Goodarzian Fariba , Pawel Bruce , Shimada Hiroyuki , Ghazarian Susan , States Lisa , Marshall Lynley , Chesler Louis , Granger Meaghan , Desai Ami V. , Mody Rajen , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Shusterman Suzanne , Macy Margaret E. , Pinto Navin , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Vo Kieuhoa , Thurm Holger C. , Chen Joseph , Liyanage Marlon , Peltz Gerson , Matthay Katherine K. , Berko Esther R. , Maris John M. , Marachelian Araz , Mossé Yael P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeuroblastomas harborALKaberrations clinically resistant to crizotinib yet sensitive pre-clinically to the third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. We conducted a first-in-child study evaluating lorlatinib with and without chemotherapy in children and adults with relapsed or refractory ALK-driven neuroblastoma. The trial is ongoing, and we report here on three cohorts that have met pre-specified primary endpoints: lorlatinib as a single agent in children (12 months to <18 years); lorlatinib as a single agent in adults (≥18 years); and lorlatinib in combination with topotecan/cyclophosphamide in children (<18 years). Primary endpoints were safety, pharmacokinetics and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Secondary endpoints were response rate and123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) response. Lorlatinib was evaluated at 45–115 mg/m2/dose in children and 100–150 mg in adults. Common adverse events (AEs) were hypertriglyceridemia (90%), hypercholesterolemia (79%) and weight gain (87%). Neurobehavioral AEs occurred mainly in adults and resolved with dose hold/reduction. The RP2D of lorlatinib with and without chemotherapy in children was 115 mg/m2. The single-agent adult RP2D was 150 mg. The single-agent response rate (complete/partial/minor) for <18 years was 30%; for ≥18 years, 67%; and for chemotherapy combination in <18 years, 63%; and 13 of 27 (48%) responders achieved MIBG complete responses, supporting lorlatinib’s rapid translation into active phase 3 trials for patients with newly diagnosed high-risk, ALK-driven neuroblastoma. ClinicalTrials.gov registration:NCT03107988.