bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Approach Selection
Authors: Kotheeranurak Vit , Liawrungrueang Wongthawat , Quillo-Olvera Javier , Siepe Christoph J. , Li Zhen Zhou , Lokhande Pramod V. , Choi Gun , Ahn Yong , Chen Chien-Min , Choi Kyung-Chul , Van Isseldyk Facundo , Hagel Vincent , Koichi Sairyo , Hofstetter Christoph P. , Del Curto David , Zhou Yue , Bolai Chen , Bae Jun seok , Assous Muhammed , Lin Guang-Xun , Jitpakdee Khanathip , Liu Yanting , Kim Jin-Sung 
Published: February 2023

Study Design.
A systematic review of the literature to develop an algorithm formulated by key opinion leaders.

Objective.
This study aimed to analyze currently available data and propose a decision-making algorithm for full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy for treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) to help surgeons choose the most appropriate approach [transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) or interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD)] for patients.

Summary of Background Data.
Full-endoscopic discectomy has gained popularity in recent decades. To our knowledge, an algorithm for choosing the proper surgical approach has never been proposed.

Materials and Methods.
A systematic review of the literature using PubMed and MeSH terms was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Patient samples included patients with LDH treated with full-endoscopic discectomy. The inclusion criteria were interventional research (randomized and nonrandomized trials) and observation research (cohort, case-control, case series). Exclusion criteria were case series and technical reports. The criteria used for selecting patients were grouped and analyzed. Then, an algorithm was generated based on these findings with support and reconfirmation from key expert opinions. Data on overall complications were collected. Outcome measures included zone of herniation, level of herniation, and approach (TELD or IELD).

Results.
In total, 474 articles met the initial screening criteria. The detailed analysis identified the 80 best-matching articles; after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 53 articles remained for this review.

Conclusions.
The proposed algorithm suggests a TELD for LDH located in the foraminal or extraforaminal zones at upper and lower levels and for central and subarticular discs at the upper levels considering the anatomic foraminal features and the craniocaudal pathology location. An IELD is preferred for LDH in the central or subarticular zones at L4/L5 and L5/S1, especially if a high iliac crest or high-grade migration is found.
The Effect of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis on Natural Delivery and Epidural Use in Pregnant Females
Authors: Chapek Michael , Kessler Adam , Poon Selina , Cho Robert , Nguyen Cynthia , Kessler Jeffrey 
Published: February 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective matched cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine whether females with idiopathic scoliosis (IS), both with and without spine fusion, experience different rates of cesarean section (CS) and epidural anesthesia (EA) than females without scoliosis.

Summary of Background Data.
IS is a common spine condition with a higher prevalence in females. It is unclear whether females with scoliosis, treated nonoperatively or operatively, have different rates of cesarean delivery or EA.

Materials and Methods.
Patients with IS who delivered in our integrated health care system during a 6-year period were identified (N = 1810). They were matched with a group without scoliosis who delivered during the same period (N = 1810). Rates and relative risk (RR) of CS and EA between cohorts and subgroups were calculated.

Results.
The scoliosis cohort had significantly higher rates and RR of EA (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively). Scoliosis patients treated nonoperatively had an 8% greater RR of EA (P = 0.004) and had a significantly lower rate of CS (23.2% vs. 26%, P = 0.048) compared with the control group. Among only scoliosis patients, those treated with spine fusion had a 38% decreased RR of EA (P < 0.001). Distal fusion level did not seem to influence the RR of EA or CS.

Conclusions.
Females with scoliosis were significantly more likely to receive EA at delivery compared with females without scoliosis. Rates and RR of cesarean delivery were not significantly lower among women with scoliosis, but females treated nonoperatively for scoliosis had a significantly lower CS rate than those without scoliosis. Females treated with spine fusion for scoliosis were far less likely to receive EA than both females without scoliosis and females with scoliosis treated nonoperatively.
Trends in Outcomes and Variation by Race and Ethnicity in Pediatric Plastic Surgery in the United States
Authors: Netson Rebecca A. , Miller Stephanie , Nuzzi Laura C. , Parry Gareth J. , Bridges Samantha K. , Taghinia Amir H. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Pediatric Data manages a multicenter dataset for monitoring outcomes in pediatric surgical care. We explored trends in outcomes in the most frequently sampled current procedural terminology codes related to craniofacial and cleft lip and palate (CLP) surgical procedures over a 7-year period.

Methods:
We used National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Pediatric Data on 28,147 pediatric patients who underwent plastic surgical procedures between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018. Eighteen relevant current procedural terminology codes were selected and sorted into two procedure groups: CLP and craniofacial. For each group, we explored trends in readmission, reoperation, extended length of stay, morbidity, and racial and ethnic variation.

Results:
The proportion of readmissions following CLP repair saw a significant reduction per year (from 3.6% to 1.7%). African American or Black CLP patients had significantly higher rates of readmission and extended length of stay when compared to the overall cohort. Asian and White CLP patients had significantly lower rates of experiencing an extended length of stay. For craniofacial cases, extended length of stay decreased significantly per year (from 7.7% to 2.8%). One possible driver of this change was a decrease in transfusion rates during the study period from 59% to 47%.

Conclusions:
Pediatric CLP and craniofacial cases saw significant improvements in safety, as indicated by reductions in readmission and extended length of stay. Given the racial differences observed, especially among CLP patients, continued research to identify and address systems of racism in health care remains a priority.
Myth and misconception about long-acting reversible contraception use among reproductive age group women in Debre Berhan governmental health centers, Ethiopia: qualitative study
Authors: Haileyes Kidane G. , Asfaw Hussen M. , Ayele Siraye G. , Kitawu Leul D. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Despite the effectiveness, convenience, and reversibility of fertility, long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method use is still low in the world and Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Myths and misconceptions are believed to be one of the major reported barriers and impediments to LARC use.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate myths and misconceptions about LARC use among women of reproductive age in Debre Brehan town, Ethiopia, at governmental health centers.

Methods:
A qualitative study using a qualitative descriptive design was conducted from January 24 to April 15, 2022. Twenty-nine reproductive-age women who came for family planning services and 6 key informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, and an in-depth interview technique with semistructured questionnaires was used to collect the data. The analysis was conducted using the thematic analysis method and ATLAS. ti9 qualitative software was used to support the analysis.

Result:
The findings of this study revealed that women had a variety of myths and misconceptions about the use of long-acting reversible contraception, including that it had an adverse impact on reproductive health problems and a predisposition to maternal and fetal illness; that the method was unsafe and ineffective in its characteristics; and that, socio-culturally, it was an unacceptable and undesirable method for women to use.

Conclusion:
This study indicates that there are widespread myths and misconceptions regarding long-acting reversible contraception use in reproductive-age women, which emanate from different concerns in the community. Measures should be taken by the concerned body to dispel or at least reduce these myths and misconceptions.
Addressing barriers to colorectal cancer screening in a federally qualified health center
Authors: Centra Tania , Fogg Catherine 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death from cancer in the United States, despite the availability of high-quality screening options. Multiple barriers to CRC screening have been identified, including cost (noninsured), younger age, racial or ethnic minority, recent immigration to the United States (non-English speaking), fear or distrust of the health care system, and rural residence.

Local Problem:
The mean CRC screening rate for the designated Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) was 33.7% for the 5 months preceding this quality improvement (QI) project. The benchmark target for CRC screening was 60.1%.

Methods:
The Model for Improvement and Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle created the framework for the CRC screening targeted interventions used in this FQHC patient population.

Interventions:
Multiple targeted interventions were implemented over a 4-month period that emphasized a strong provider recommendation, a team-based approach to identify and offer CRC screening options to the overdue patient. A chart audit was followed by a mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy reminder letter initiative.

Results:
The performance metric for CRC screening reached 40% within 4 months. A second chart audit confirmed the CRC screening rate improved to 41.5% among patients aged 50–75 years. An overall 55% return rate was achieved with the mailed FIT initiative within 2 months.

Conclusions:
Continued quality improvement initiatives are needed to achieve the benchmark target for this FQHC. These team-based interventions can be used by the primary care nurse practitioner to improve health equity for CRC screening in other underserved populations.
Screening for Partner Postpartum Depression
Authors: Le Joria , Alhusen Jeanne , Dreisbach Caitlin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Postpartum depression is a significant mental health condition affecting an estimated 7% to 20% of women, with higher rates among individuals with increased risk factors. Most research on postpartum depression has focused on mothers, with less recognition of the mental health changes experienced by their partners. Research suggests almost 20% of partners may experience postpartum depression, yet our understanding is limited. An enhanced understanding of postpartum depression in a birthing person's partner is critical, given the mental and physical health sequelae associated with depression.

Purpose:
The purpose of this review was to systematically examine the current tools available to assess partner postpartum depression.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were identified using selected key terms in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE. Studies were included if they assessed partner depressive symptoms and identified the specified use of a tool or screening measure.

Results:
Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Seven different measures were used to assess postpartum depression. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used in 16 out of the 17 studies for depression assessment.

Clinical Implications:
Routine screening of partners for postpartum depression should be recommended as part of standard care. Nurses are critical liaisons for assessing risk and connecting relevant and timely resources to birthing people and their partners. Identifying the available screening tools may help to avoid adverse clinical outcomes associated with increased symptom severity and burden.
Identification of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Patients With Positive Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Results
Authors: Park Jongsoo , Hwang Eui Jin , Lee Jong Hyuk , Hong Wonju , Nam Ju Gang , Lim Woo Hyeon , Kim Jae Hyun , Goo Jin Mo , Park Chang Min 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the accuracy of a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (CAD) system in identifying active pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiographs (CRs) of patients with positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results in different scenarios of clinical implementation.

Materials and Methods:
We collected the CRs of consecutive patients with positive IGRA results. Findings of active pulmonary tuberculosis on CRs were independently evaluated by the CAD and a thoracic radiologist, followed by interpretation using the CAD. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated in different scenarios: (a) radiologists’ interpretation, (b) radiologists’ CAD-assisted interpretation, and (c) CAD-based prescreening (radiologists’ interpretation for positive CAD results only). We conducted a reader test to compare the accuracy of the CAD with those of 5 radiologists.

Results:
Among 1780 patients (men, 53.8%; median age, 56 y), 44 (2.5%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The CAD-assisted interpretation exhibited a higher sensitivity (81.8% vs. 72.7%; P=0.046) but lower specificity than the radiologists’ interpretation (84.1% vs. 85.7%; P<0.001). The CAD-based prescreening exhibited a higher specificity than the radiologists’ interpretation (88.8% vs. 85.7%; P<0.001) at the same sensitivity, with a workload reduction of 85.2% (1780 to 263). In the reader test, the CAD exhibited a higher sensitivity than radiologists (72.7% vs. 59.5%; P=0.005) at the same specificity (88.0%), and CAD-assisted interpretation significantly improved the sensitivity of radiologists’ interpretation (72.3%; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
For identifying active pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with positive IGRA results, deep learning-based CAD can enhance the sensitivity of interpretation. CAD-based prescreening may reduce the radiologists’ workload at an improved specificity.
The Feasibility of Electromagnetic Navigation Technique to Achieve Preoperative Plan in Mandibular Angle Osteotomy
Authors: Sun Mengzhe , Rao Lan , Chai Yuanhao , Lin Li , Zhang Cunliang , Gao Yuan , Chai Gang , Xu Haisong 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In contrast to the most commonly used optical navigation system, electromagnetic navigation has huge potential in operations with a narrow field. The purpose of this experiment was to test and confirm whether the electromagnetic navigation method the authors developed for mandibular angle osteotomy (MAO) met clinical requirements.

Methods:
Using a dental splint that could be repeatedly mounted on teeth, registration between surgical plan and actual field was performed automatically.

Results:
Navigation of MAO was first performed on 10 mandibular models. The position precision measured using a coordinate measuring machine was 1.30±0.61 mm. Then, a navigation experiment was performed on 4 patients. Accuracy in actual operation measured by the NDI pointing sensor was 1.89±0.76 mm. Our noninvasive automatic registration process reduced the surgical exposure time and eliminated the bias of the manual selection of registration points.

Conclusions:
This preliminary study confirmed the feasibility of the electromagnetic navigation technique in terms of both applicability and accuracy in MAO surgery.
Autologous Costal Cartilage With Expanded Polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) Implants for the Treatment of Nasal Deformity After Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Li Haidong , Wang Jingyi , Song Tao 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To repair and reconstruct the secondary nasal deformity after unilateral cleft lip repair, we used autologous costal cartilage and expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) to get a better nasal shape.

Method:
Nineteen patients with nasal deformity after unilateral cleft lip repair were treated from July 2018 to July 2021. During the operation, autologous costal cartilage was carved and formed and then implanted into the nasal tip and nasal columella, while the back of the nose was raised with ePTFE.

Result:
Nineteen cases were followed up for 6 to 30 months. No transplanted cartilage and swelling were exposed or discharged. The appearance was good, and the patients were satisfied.

Conclusion:
Autologous costal cartilage combined with ePTFE is an ideal treatment for nasal deformity after cleft lip repair.
How do fluctuating ecological dynamics impact the evolution of hosts and parasites?
Authors: Best A. , Ashby B. 
Published: February 2023

Theoretical models of the evolution of parasites and their hosts have shaped our understanding of infectious disease dynamics for over 40 years. Many theoretical models assume that the underlying ecological dynamics are at equilibrium or constant, yet we know that in a great many systems there are fluctuations in the ecological dynamics owing to a variety of intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Here, we discuss the challenges presented when modelling evolution in systems with fluctuating ecological dynamics and summarize the main approaches that have been developed to study host–parasite evolution in such systems. We provide an in-depth guide to one of the methods by applying it to two worked examples of host evolution that have not previously been studied in the literature: when cycles occur owing to seasonal forcing in competition, and when the presence of a free-living parasite causes cycles, with accompanying interactive Python code provided. We review the findings of studies that have explored host–parasite evolution when ecological dynamics fluctuate, and point to areas of future research. Throughout we stress the importance of feedbacks between the ecological and evolutionary dynamics in driving the outcomes of infectious disease systems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world’.
The socio-economic challenges of managing pathogen evolution in agriculture
Authors: Geffersa A. G. , Burdon J. J. , Macfadyen S. , Thrall P. H. , Sprague S. J. , Barrett L. G. 
Published: February 2023

Genetic resistance forms the foundation of infectious disease management in crops. However, rapid pathogen evolution is causing the breakdown of resistance and threatening disease control. Recent research efforts have identified strategies for resistance gene deployment that aim to disrupt pathogen adaptation and prevent breakdown. To date, there has been limited practical uptake of such strategies. In this paper, we focus on the socio-economic challenges associated with translating applied evolutionary research into scientifically informed management strategies to control pathogen adaptation. We develop a conceptual framework for the economic valuation of resistance and demonstrate that in addition to various direct benefits, resistance delivers considerable indirect and non-market value to farmers and society. Incentives for stakeholders to engage in stewardship strategies are complicated by the uncertain timeframes associated with evolutionary processes, difficulties in assigning ownership rights to genetic resources and lack of governance. These interacting biological, socio-economic and institutional complexities suggest that resistance breakdown should be viewed as a wicked problem, with often conflicting imperatives among stakeholders and no simple cause or solution. Promoting the uptake of scientific research outcomes that address complex issues in sustainable crop disease management will require a mix of education, incentives, legislation and social change.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world’.
Intraspecific trait variation and changing life-history strategies explain host community disease risk along a temperature gradient
Authors: Halliday Fletcher W. , Czyżewski Szymon , Laine Anna-Liisa 
Published: February 2023

Predicting how climate change will affect disease risk is complicated by the fact that changing environmental conditions can affect disease through direct and indirect effects. Species with fast-paced life-history strategies often amplify disease, and changing climate can modify life-history composition of communities thereby altering disease risk. However, individuals within a species can also respond to changing conditions with intraspecific trait variation. To test the effect of temperature, as well as inter- and intraspecifc trait variation on community disease risk, we measured foliar disease and specific leaf area (SLA; a proxy for life-history strategy) on more than 2500 host (plant) individuals in 199 communities across a 1101 m elevational gradient in southeastern Switzerland. There was no direct effect of increasing temperature on disease. Instead, increasing temperature favoured species with higher SLA, fast-paced life-history strategies. This effect was balanced by intraspecific variation in SLA: on average, host individuals expressed lower SLA with increasing temperature, and this effect was stronger among species adapted to warmer temperatures and lower latitudes. These results demonstrate how impacts of changing temperature on disease may depend on how temperature combines and interacts with host community structure while indicating that evolutionary constraints can determine how these effects are manifested under global change.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world’.
Strainy: phasing and assembly of strain haplotypes from long-read metagenome sequencing
Authors: Kazantseva Ekaterina , Donmez Ataberk , Frolova Maria , Pop Mihai , Kolmogorov Mikhail 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBacterial species in microbial communities are often represented by mixtures of strains, distinguished by small variations in their genomes. Despite the functional importance of intra-strain heterogeneity, its characterization from metagenomic sequencing data remains challenging. Short-read approaches can be used to detect small-scale variation between strains, but fail to phase these variants into contiguous haplotypes. Long-read metagenome assemblers can generate contiguous bacterial chromosomes, but often suppress strain-level variation in favor of species-level consensus. Here we present Strainy - an algorithm for strain-level metagenome assembly and phasing from Nanopore and HiFi reads. Strainy takes a de novo metagenomic assembly as input, identifies strain variants which are then phased and assembled into contiguous haplotypes. Using simulated and mock Nanopore and HiFi metagenome data, we show that Strainy assembles accurate and complete strain haplotypes, outperforming current Nanopore-based methods and comparable with HiFi-based algorithms in completeness and accuracy. We then use Strainy to assemble strain haplotypes of a complex environmental metagenome, revealing distinct mutational patterns in bacterial species.