bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CSF neopterin and quinolinic acid are biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in FIRES and other infection‐triggered encephalopathy syndromes
Authors: Dale Russell C. , Thomas Terrence , Patel Shrujna , Han Velda X. , Kothur Kavitha , Troedson Christopher , Gupta Sachin , Gill Deepak , Malone Stephen , Waak Michaela , Calvert Sophie , Subramanian Gopinath , Andrews P. Ian , Kandula Tejaswi , Menezes Manoj P. , Ardern‐Holmes Simone , Mohammad Shekeeb , Bandodkar Sushil , Yan Jingya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveInfection‐triggered encephalopathy syndromes (ITES) are potentially devastating neuroinflammatory conditions. Although some ITES syndromes have recognisable MRI neuroimaging phenotypes, there are otherwise few biomarkers of disease. Early detection to enable immune modulatory treatments could improve outcomes.MethodsWe measured CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio using a liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) system. The CSF of 18 children with ITES were compared with acute encephalitis (n = 20), and three control groups, namely epilepsy (n = 20), status epilepticus (n = 18) and neurogenetic controls (n = 20).ResultsThe main ITES phenotypes in 18 patients were acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late restricted diffusion (AESD, n = 4), febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES n = 4) and other ITES phenotypes. Influenza A was the most common infectious trigger (n = 5), and 50% of patients had a preceding notable neurodevelopmental or family history. CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid and kynurenine were elevated in ITES group compared to the three control groups (all p < 0.0002). The ROC (area under curve) for CSF neopterin (99.3%, CI 98.1–100) was significantly better than CSF pleocytosis (87.3% CI 76.4–98.2) (p = 0.028). Elevated CSF neopterin could discriminate ITES from other causes of seizures, status epilepticus and febrile status epilepticus (all p < 0.0002). The elevated CSF metabolites normalised during longitudinal testing in two patients with FIRES.InterpretationCSF neopterin and quinolinic acid are neuroinflammatory and excitotoxic metabolites. This CSF metabolomic inflammatory panel can discriminate ITES from other causes of new onset seizures or status epilepticus, and rapid results (4 h) may facilitate early immune modulatory therapy.
Metal‐Organic Framework Thin Films Grown on Functionalized Graphene as Solid‐State Ion‐Gated FETs
Authors: Chandresh Abhinav , Wöll Christof , Heinke Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe unique properties of 2D‐materials like graphene are exploited in various electronic devices. In sensor applications, graphene shows a very high sensitivity, but only a low specificity. This shortcoming can be mastered by using heterostructures, where graphene is combined with materials exhibiting high analyte selectivities. Herein, this study demonstrates the precise deposition of nanoporous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) on graphene, yielding bilayers with excellent specificity while the sensitivity remains large. The key for the successful layer‐by‐layer deposition of the MOF films (SURMOFs) is the use of planar polyaromatic anchors. Then, the MOF pores are loaded with ionic liquid (IL). For functioning sensor devices, the IL@MOF films are grown on graphene field‐effect transistors (GFETs). Adding a top‐gate electrode yields an ion‐gated GFET. Analysis of the transistor characteristics reveals a clear Dirac point at low gate voltages, good on‐off ratios, and decent charge mobilities and densities in the graphene channel. The GFET‐sensor reveals a strong and selective response. Compared to other ion‐gated‐FET devices, the IL@MOF material is relatively hard, allowing the manufacturing of ultrathin devices. The new MOF‐anchoring strategy offers a novel approach generally applicable for the functionalization of 2D‐materials, where MOF/2D‐material hetero‐bilayers carry a huge potential for a wide variety of applications.
Piezoionic SnSe Nanosheets‐Double Network Hydrogel for Self‐Powered Strain Sensing and Energy Harvesting
Authors: Li Feng , Cai Xiaoqing , Liu Guokeng , Xu Haihua , Chen Wenwen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlexible strain sensors have enormous potential in wearable devices, robots, and health monitoring equipment. However, the poor stretchability of strain sensors based on semiconductors and the low sensitivity of resistance change‐based hydrogel strain sensors hinders the comprehensive application. Herein, a flexible piezoionic SnSe‐hydrogel composite with an optimized structure and improved performance is designed. The piezoionic output rises nonlinearly as the applied force increases, with the piezoionic coefficient up to 1780 nV Pa−1 and −7.21 nA Pa−1. The composite can realize the continuous positioning in 1D space based on the piezoionic effect. It also demonstrates self‐powered characteristics, an ultrafast response speed of 6–8 ms, and a high gauge factor of 95.89. The sensor is exemplified to monitor fist clenching and finger bending, which has the potential to discriminate different joint movements. Meanwhile, the device can light up a light–emitting diode under pressure and bending. The as‐prepared piezoionic SnSe‐hydrogel device, having both high stretchability and sensitivity, may shed light on developing high‐performance flexible strain sensors and generators.
Boosting Piezoelectricity by 3D Printing PVDF‐MoS2 Composite as a Conformal and High‐Sensitivity Piezoelectric Sensor
Authors: Islam Md. Nurul , Rupom Rifat Hasan , Adhikari Pashupati R. , Demchuk Zoriana , Popov Ivan , Sokolov Alexei P. , Wu H. Felix , Advincula Rigoberto C. , Dahotre Narendra , Jiang Yijie , Choi Wonbong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdditively manufactured flexible and high‐performance piezoelectric devices are highly desirable for sensing and energy harvesting of 3D conformal structures. Herein, the study reports a significantly enhanced piezoelectricity in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) achieved through the in situ dipole alignment of PVDF within PVDF‐2D molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS2) composite by 3D printing. The shear stress‐induced dipole poling of PVDF and 2D MoS2 alignment are harnessed during 3D printing to boost piezoelectricity without requiring a post‐poling process. The results show a remarkable, more than the eight‐fold increment in the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) for 3D printed PVDF‐8wt.% MoS2 composite over cast neat PVDF. The underlying mechanism of piezoelectric property enhancement is attributed to the increased volume fraction of β phase in PVDF, filler fraction, heterogeneous strain distribution around PVDF‐MoS2 interfaces, and strain transfer to the nanofillers as confirmed by microstructural analysis and finite element simulation. These results provide a promising route to design and fabricate high‐performance 3D piezoelectric devices via 3D printing for next‐generation sensors and mechanical–electronic conformal devices.
A Laser Synthesis Route to Boron‐Doped Gold Nanoparticles Designed for X‐Ray Radiotherapy and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Assisted by CT Imaging
Authors: Scaramuzza Stefano , de Faria Clara M.G. , Coviello Vito , Forrer Daniel , Artiglia Luca , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Ghigna Paolo , Postuma Ian , Cansolino Laura , Ferrari Cinzia , Bortolussi Silva , Vago Riccardo , Spinelli Antonello E. , Bekić Marina , Čolić Miodrag , Amendola Vincenzo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNew multifunctional theranostic vectors allow the expansion of cancer therapeutic approaches toward scarcely investigated fields. One example is the combination of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and X‐ray radiotherapy (XRT) for treating normal and XRT‐resistant hypoxic tumor regions and reduce recurrence. Of great relevance for BNCT is also the support of viable, rapid, safe, and reliable techniques for the localization and quantification of the radiosensitizers in the tissues. To address these challenges, polymer‐coated Au‐B nanoparticles (NPs) are obtained starting from a laser ablation in liquid process. Despite thermodynamic constraints, the two elements coexist by short‐range boron segregation in the gold lattice, as demonstrated experimentally and explained with the support of density functional theory calculations. Thus, the Au‐B NPs maintain a marked gold character such as biocompatibility, stability, and straightforward surface chemistry with thiolated compounds, desirable for the integration with agents capable of cell targeting and internalization. Overall, the Au‐B NPs exhibit the appropriate features for the investigation of combined BNCT and XRT, supported by the localization and quantification with X‐ray computed tomography imaging. Besides, the Au‐B nanotechnology tool is achievable without renouncing to reproducibility, environmental sustainability, and cost affordability thanks to the laser‐assisted synthetic pathway.
Rational Design and Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Smart Sunscreens
Authors: Wu Ying , Wu Xuwen , Zhang Aicheng , Ouyang Xinping , Lou Hongming , Yang Dongjie , Qian Yong , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLignin exhibits a long‐active UV‐blocking property due to its macromolecular aromatic structure and unique semiquione‐quione‐hydroquione transition. However, its poor absorbance in UVA region (320–400 nm) and irregular aggregation are still the obstacles. Herein, active spirapyrane (SP‐Br) is synthesized and covalently introduced into alkali lignin (AL) to construct photo‐stimulated UV‐absorbing enhancement sunscreen actives (AL‐SPn). The introduction of SP significantly improved the absorbance of AL in UVA region and its aggregation is effectively eased. When the optimal AL‐SP3 solution is exposed to UV irradiation, the color turned purple, and the absorbance in UVA region further improved as the unconjugated SP transformed into conjugated merocyanine (MC) structure. When the light is removed, the solution recovered light yellow. The antioxidant property of AL endow the reversible SP‐MC transformation with good cyclic stability. As‐prepared AL‐SP3 based sunscreen exhibit obvious photo‐stimulated enhancement effect. The sun protection factor (SPF) improved from 23 to 89 after 4 h irradiation, and can maintain the high performance for another 8 h. In addition, it exhibit low permeation and good biocompatibily in vitro and vivo, demonstrating its good potential in practical use.
Unveiled Ferroelectricity in Well‐Known Non‐Ferroelectric Materials and Their Semiconductor Applications
Authors: Lee Dong Hyun , Lee Younghwan , Cho Yong Hyeon , Choi Hyojun , Kim Se Hyun , Park Min Hyuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFerroelectric materials are considered ideal for emerging memory devices owing to their characteristic remanent polarization, which can be switched by applying a sufficient electric field. However, even several decades after the initial conceptualization of ferroelectric memory, its applications are limited to a niche market. The slow advancement of ferroelectric memories can be attributed to several extant issues, such as the absence of ferroelectric materials with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility and scalability. Since the 2010s, ferroelectric memories have attracted increasing interest because of newly discovered ferroelectricity in well‐established CMOS‐compatible materials, which are previously known to be non‐ferroelectric, such as fluorite‐structured (Hf,Zr)O2and wurtzite‐structured (Al,Sc)N. With advancing material fabrication technologies, for example, accurate chemical doping and atomic‐level thickness control, a metastable polar phase, and switchable polarization with a reasonable electric field can be induced in (Hf,Zr)O2and (Al,Sc)N. Nonetheless, various issues still exist that urgently require solutions to facilitate the use of the ferroelectric (Hf,Zr)O2and (Al,Sc)N in emerging memory devices. Thus, ferroelectric (Hf,Zr)O2and (Al,Sc)N are comprehensively reviewed herein, including their fundamental science and practical applications.
Extracellular Matrix‐Mimetic Immunomodulatory Hydrogel for Accelerating Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Honglei , Huang Runzhi , Bai Long , Cai Yixin , Lei Miao , Bao Chunyan , Lin Shaoliang , Ji Shizhao , Liu Changsheng , Qu Xue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMacrophages play a crucial role in the complete processes of tissue repair and regeneration, and the activation of M2 polarization is an effective approach to provide a pro‐regenerative immune microenvironment. Natural extracellular matrix (ECM) has the capability to modulate macrophage activities via its molecular, physical, and mechanical properties. Inspired by this, an ECM‐mimetic hydrogel strategy to modulate macrophages via its dynamic structural characteristics and bioactive cell adhesion sites is proposed. The LZM‐SC/SS hydrogel is in situ formed through the amidation reaction between lysozyme (LZM), 4‐arm‐PEG‐SC, and 4‐arm‐PEG‐SS, where LZM provides DGR tripeptide for cell adhesion, 4‐arm‐PEG‐SS provides succinyl ester for dynamic hydrolysis, and 4‐arm‐PEG‐SC balances the stability and dynamics of the network. In vitro and subcutaneous tests indicate the dynamic structural evolution and cell adhesion capacity promotes macrophage movement and M2 polarization synergistically. Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis further confirms the immunomodulatory ability, and reveals a significant correlation between M2 polarization and cell adhesion. A full‐thickness wound model is employed to validate the induced M2 polarization, vessel development, and accelerated healing by LZM‐SC/SS. This study represents a pioneering exploration of macrophage modulation by biomaterials’ structures and components rather than drug or cytokines and provides new strategies to promote tissue repair and regeneration.
Robust Sulfate Anion Passivation for Efficient and Spectrally Stable Pure‐Red CsPbI3−xBrx Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ru Xue‐Chen , Yang Jun‐Nan , Ge Jing , Feng Li‐Zhe , Wang Jing‐Jing , Song Kuang‐Hui , Chen Tian , Yu Ma Zhen‐ , Li Lian‐Yue , Yao Hong‐Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising high‐definition display candidates due to their narrow emission bandwidth and wide color gamut. However, efficient and stable pure‐red PeLEDs have rarely been achieved. Herein, a robust and strongly‐coordinated sulfate anion passivation strategy is reported to achieve a spectrally stable and efficient pure‐red PeLED with an electroluminescent peak at 630 nm and full width at half maximum of 27 nm. Octylammonium sulfate is employed to construct a PbSO4 layer on the surface of CsPbI3−xBrx nanocrystals, which can effectively inhibit phase separation under UV light, humidity, or heat treatment. Using sulfate passivated CsPbI3−xBrx NC film, pure red PeLEDs with high external quantum efficiency of 12.6%, excellent spectral stability, and an operational half‐life time of over 300 min (T50@100 cd cm−2) are fabricated. This work provides a new avenue to improve performance of pure red PeLEDs via strong‐coordinated sulfate passivation.
Metal Free Activation of Alkynyl Glycosyl Carbonate Donors
Authors: Prasad Kameshwar , Sharma Ananay , Pati Soumyaranjan , Taillefer Marc , Jaroschik Florian , Hotha Srinivas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccessing homogenous glycoconjugates is of significance for assessing their biophysical activities and sometimes as vaccine candidate. Synthesis of glycoconjugates involves two species of which, glycosyl donor plays pivotal role in controlling the outcome of the glycosylation. Recently discovered alkynyl glycosyl carbonate donors possess self‐stability, high reactivity, and fast reaction time (15–30 min) when activated with [Au]/[Ag]‐catalysts. Herein, we report metal free conditions for the activation of the same alkynyl glycosyl carbonate donors using I2/TMSOTf in stoichiometric quantities. Extrusion product was characterized to be the vinylidene iodide by single crystal X‐ray analysis. The reaction conditions were illustrated to be suitable for synthesis of various glycosides, purine/pyrimidine nucleosides and a pentasaccharide repeating unit of Klebsiella pneumoniae (O‐3‐antigen).
Enhancing Electrocatalytic Performance for Overall Water Splitting using Hollow Structured Fe‐doped CoP with Phosphorus Vacancies
Authors: Na Rin , Min Kyeongseok , Kim Minjung , Min Sojeong , Baeck Sung‐Hyeon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWater electrolysis is a promising method for producing ultra‐pure hydrogen as a sustainable energy source in the future. In this study, the use of a hollow‐structured Fe‐doped CoP with an abundance of phosphorus defects for both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) is suggested. The as‐prepared electrocatalyst has a low overpotential of 300 and 143 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the OER and HER, respectively. When the synthesized electrocatalyst is used as both anode and cathode in a water electrolyzer, the full cell requires a very small cell voltage of 1.63 V at 10 mA cm−2 and exhibits excellent stability for over 100 h. The excellent performance is due to the generation of numerous electrocatalytic active sites induced by introduction of structural defects such as Fe dopants and P vacancies, which modify the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates during water electrolysis. This study can offer new insights into the development of efficient precious metal‐free electrocatalysts for production of renewable energy sources.
Genomic Resequencing Unravels the Genetic Basis of Domestication, Expansion, and Trait Improvement in Morus Atropurpurea
Authors: Dai Fanwei , Zhuo Xiaokang , Luo Guoqing , Wang Zhenjiang , Xu Yujuan , Wang Dan , Zhong Jianwu , Lin Sen , Chen Lian , Li Zhiyi , Wang Yuan , Zhang Diyang , Li Yuanyuan , Zheng Qinyao , Zheng Tangchun , Liu Zhong‐Jian , Wang Li , Zhang Zhiyong , Tang Cuiming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMulberry is an economically important plant in the sericulture industry and traditional medicine. However, the genetic and evolutionary history of mulberry remains largely unknown. Here, this work presents the chromosome‐level genome assembly of Morus atropurpurea (M. atropurpurea), originating from south China. Population genomic analysis using 425 mulberry accessions reveal that cultivated mulberry is classified into two species, M. atropurpurea and M. alba, which may have originated from two different mulberry progenitors and have independent and parallel domestication in north and south China, respectively. Extensive gene flow is revealed between different mulberry populations, contributing to genetic diversity in modern hybrid cultivars. This work also identifies the genetic architecture of the flowering time and leaf size. In addition, the genomic structure and evolution of sex‐determining regions are identified. This study significantly advances the understanding of the genetic basis and domestication history of mulberry in the north and south, and provides valuable molecular markers of desirable traits for mulberry breeding.
Highly Tunable Cascaded Metasurfaces for Continuous Two‐Dimensional Beam Steering
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Zhang Li , Xie Rongbo , Ni Yibo , Wu Xiaoyu , Yang Yuanmu , Xing Fei , Zhao Xiaoguang , You Zheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCascaded metasurfaces can exhibit powerful dynamic light manipulation by mechanically tuning the far‐field interactions in the layers. However, in most current designs, the metasurfaces are separated by gaps smaller than a wavelength to form a total phase profile, representing the direct accumulation of the phase profiles of each layer. Such small gap sizes may not only conflict with the far‐field conditions but also pose great difficulties for practical implementations. To overcome this limitation, a design paradigm taking advantage of a ray‐tracing scheme that allows the cascaded metasurfaces to operate optimally at easily achievable gap sizes is proposed. Enabled by the relative lateral translation of two cascaded metasurfaces, a continuous two‐dimensional (2D) beam‐steering device for 1064 nm light is designed as a proof of concept. Simulation results demonstrate tuning ranges of ±45° for biaxial deflection angles within ±3.5 mm biaxial translations, while keeping the divergence of deflected light less than 0.007°. The experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions, and a uniform optical efficiency is observed. The generializeddesign paradigm can pave a way towards myriad tunable cascaded metasurface devices for various applications, including but not limited to light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and free space optical communication.
Quantum Topological Neuristors for Advanced Neuromorphic Intelligent Systems
Authors: Assi Dani S. , Huang Hongli , Karthikeyan Vaithinathan , Theja Vaskuri C. S. , de Souza Maria Merlyne , Xi Ning , Li Wen Jung , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic artificial intelligence systems are the future of ultrahigh performance computing clusters to overcome complex scientific and economical challenges. Despite their importance, the advancement in quantum neuromorphic systems is slow without specific device design. To elucidate biomimicking mammalian brain synapses, a new class of quantum topological neuristors (QTN) with ultralow energy consumption (pJ) and higher switching speed (µs) is introduced. Bioinspired neural network characteristics of QTNs are the effects of edge state transport and tunable energy gap in the quantum topological insulator (QTI) materials. With augmented device and QTI material design, top notch neuromorphic behavior with effective learning‐relearning‐forgetting stages is demonstrated. Critically, to emulate the real‐time neuromorphic efficiency, training of the QTNs is demonstrated with simple hand gesture game by interfacing them with artificial neural networks to perform decision‐making operations. Strategically, the QTNs prove the possession of incomparable potential to realize next‐gen neuromorphic computing for the development of intelligent machines and humanoids.
Micron‐resolution Imaging of Cortical Bone under 14 T Ultrahigh Magnetic Field
Authors: He Tian , Pang Zhenfeng , Yin Yu , Xue Huadong , Pang Yichuan , Song Haixin , Li Jianhua , Bai Ruiliang , Qin An , Kong Xueqian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCompact, mineralized cortical bone tissues are often concealed on magnetic resonance (MR) images. Recent development of MR instruments and pulse techniques has yielded significant advances in acquiring anatomical and physiological information from cortical bone despite its poor 1H signals. This work demonstrates the first MR research on cortical bones under an ultrahigh magnetic field of 14 T. The 1H signals of different mammalian species exhibit multi‐exponential decays of three characteristic T2 or T2* values: 0.1–0.5 ms, 1–4 ms, and 4–8 ms. Systematic sample comparisons attribute these T2/T2* value ranges to collagen‐bound water, pore water, and lipids, respectively. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging under 14 T yielded spatial resolutions of 20–80 microns, which resolves the 3D anatomy of the Haversian canals. The T2* relaxation characteristics further allow spatial classifications of collagen, pore water and lipids in human specimens. The study achieves a record of the spatial resolution for MR imaging in bone and shows that ultrahigh‐field MR has the unique ability to differentiate the soft and organic compartments in bone tissues.