bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient web‐based simulation on analog electronics circuits laboratory
Authors: Dhang Sukriti , Kumar Cheruvu S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the modern education system, e‐learning plays an important role, where different technologies are being assimilated to reinforce its web‐based presence. In electronics laboratories, simulation is the most effective tool in training students in the use of sophisticated as well as complicated circuits. There exist many simulation tools for different research areas on circuits with some advantages and limitations. In this study, the methodology of creating a web‐based graphical user interface is proposed for studying the circuit behavior. Experiments performed through web‐based simulations have always been treated as an aid in teaching science. Virtual laboratory intends to develop an entire Learning Management System where the users can avail the varied tools for learning. This paper describes a group of experiments developed using free open‐source software that would help both faculties and students in their respective capacities. Additionally, various workshops to familiarize this system with faculties and students in several colleges have been conducted. The impact on learning has been treated by analyzing student performance; survey questions were directed to the students and faculties and found to support the utility of these web‐based simulations.
The role of facility and patient mix factors on recovery of screening and diagnostic mammography volumes following the initial COVID‐19 pandemic wave
Authors: Lomahan Sarah , Rauscher Garth H. , Murphy Anne Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe goal of this study was to understand the extent to which mammography facilities were able to recover monthly screening and diagnostic mammography volumes to their prepandemic levels and to determine what facility and patient mix factors were associated with recovery.MethodFacilities, located in and adjacent to Cook County, Illinois, were eligible. In all, 58 screening and 30 diagnostic mammogram facilities submitted mammogram volumes by month with a cross‐listing of patient ZIP codes by screening volumes. Monthly screening and diagnostic volumes for the 6‐month immediate postpandemic period (July–December 2020) and for the subsequent postpandemic period (January–June 2021) were compared with the same months in 2019. ZIP code distributions were used to define patient mix characteristics related to disadvantage.ResultsCompared with the prepandemic period, Breast Imaging Centers of Excellence conducted roughly 50 fewer monthly screening mammograms (95% CI: −91, −9) but 50 more diagnostic mammograms (95% CI: 24, 82) on average in the immediate postpandemic period. Facilities serving a predominantly Black population conducted roughly 50 fewer monthly screens (95% CI: −93, −13) without any increase in monthly diagnostics.ConclusionHighly accredited (and typically higher volume) facilities appeared to actively triage diagnostics, whereas lower resource facilities appeared to struggle to recover to prepandemic volumes without triage to diagnostics. The pandemic disproportionally impacted minority populations already affected by differential access to and utilization of high‐quality mammography. Potential explanations are discussed. Policies should be strengthened to facilitate triaging of services during times of stress to the healthcare system.
Decreased Immunoreactivity of Hepatitis E Virus Antigen Following Treatment with Sakhalin Spruce (Picea glehnii) Essential Oil
Authors: Maeda Naoyuki , Horochi Shouya , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Iwasaki Tomohito , Nakatani Nobutake , Miyasho Taku , Hagiwara Katsuro , Yokota Hiroshi , Funatsu Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a common infectious disease that infects pigs, wild boars, deer, and humans. In most cases, humans are infected by eating raw meat. Some essential oils have been reported to exhibit antiviral activities. In this study, in order to investigate the anti‐HEV properties of essential oils, the immunoreactivities of HEV antigen proteins against the relevant antibodies were analyzed after the HEV antigens underwent treatment with various essential oils. The essential oils extracted from the tea tree, which was previously reported to exhibit antiviral activity, lavender, and lemon had strongly reduced activity. We found that treatment with the essential oil prepared from Sakhalin spruce was associated with the strongest reduction in immunoreactivity of HEV antigen protein(s) among the tested substances. The main volatile constituents of Sakhalin spruce essential oil were found to be bornyl acetate (32.30 %), α‐pinene (16.66 %), camphene (11.14 %), camphor (5.52 %), β‐phellandrene (9.09 %), borneol (4.77 %), and limonene (4.57 %). The anti‐HEV properties of the various components of the essential oils were examined: treatment with bornyl acetate, the main component of Sakhalin spruce oil, α‐pinene, the main component of tea tree oil, and limonene, the main component of lemon oil, resulted in a strong reduction in HEV antigen immunoreactivity. These results indicate that each main component of the essential oils plays an important role in the reduction of the immunoreactivity of HEV antigen protein(s); they also suggest that Sakhalin spruce essential oil exhibits anti‐HEV activity. In a formulation with the potential to eliminate the infectivity of HEV in foodborne infections, this essential oil can be applied as an inactivating agent for meat processing and cooking utensils, such as knives and chopping boards.
Adrenaline‐induced hypotension in the context of significant quetiapine overdose
Authors: Anomelechi Enyioma , Hirst Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn patients presenting with hypotension due to significant quetiapine or mixed overdose, adrenaline should be avoided and consider medications such as noradrenaline or vasopressin as an alternative. If using noradrenaline peripherally, use a lower concentration (4 mg in 50 mL 5% glucose) and use a large bore cannula in a large vein.
Iron‐Catalyzed Deoxynitrogenation of Carboxylic Acids with Cyanamides to Access Nitriles
Authors: Li Mengsheng , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEfficient strategies to access nitriles from common organic functionalities are highly important, given their significance in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Although the direct transformation of carboxylic acids to nitriles have been explored for decades, there is few general and practical protocol to access nitriles from carboxylic acid precursors. Herein, an iron‐catalyzed deoxynitrogenaton strategy to convert carboxylic acids into nitriles is described. This method utilizes a cyanamide as the recyclable nitrogen donor and deoxygenating reagent, operates broadly across aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl carboxylic acids, and features an easy setup without inert gas protection. The synthetic value of this method is demonstrated by application in late‐stage modification of drug molecules, synthesis of a pharmaceutical structure, and scaleup reactions and downstream derivatizations.
Inverting the Electronic Structure of Diylidylgermylenes by Backbone Modification
Authors: Swamy V. S. V. S. N. , Krischer Felix , Schwarz Christopher , Steinert Henning , Mallick Bert , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOwing to the strong electron‐donating ability of ylide substituents, diylidyltetrylenes are usually highly nucleophilic species with strong donor capacities. Here, we demonstrate that their electronic properties are in fact highly flexible and can be effectively tuned through variation of the substituent in the ylide backbone. Initial density functional theory studies showed that cyano groups are particularly capable in lowering the LUMO energy of diylidyl germylenes thus turning these usually highly nucleophilic species into electrophilic compounds. This was confirmed by experimental studies. Attempts to synthesize the germylene (YCN)2Ge [with YCN=Ph3P‐(C)‐CN] from the corresponding metalated ylide YCNK selectively led to germanide [(YCN)3Ge)K]2 thus reflecting the electrophilic nature of the intermediate formed germylene. XRD analysis of single crystals of (YCN)2Ge – serendipitously obtained through protonative cleavage of one ylide from the germanide – revealed a monomeric structure with rather long Ge‐ylide linkages, which corroborates well with a pure single bond and no stabilization of the empty pπ orbital at germanium through π bonding. The germanide exhibits methanide‐like reactivity towards chalcogens but a likewise weak Ge−C bond as demonstrated by the insertion of carbon dioxide.
Quantitative Electromerism of a Well‐defined Mononuclear Copper Complex Through Reversible Intramolecular Metal‐Ligand Electron Transfer
Authors: Osterbrink Johanna , Walter Petra , Leingang Simone , Pfisterer Hanna , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCopper amine oxidases are enzymes that exhibit in their active site a mononuclear copper complex and a 2,4,5‐trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) cofactor; in the oxidative half of the catalytic cycle, the enzymes regulate their activity by a temperature‐dependent electron transfer equilibrium between the CuII complex with the reduced, aminoquinol form of the cofactor and the reactive CuI complex with the corresponding oxidized, semiquinone form of the cofactor. Here, we report the first mononuclear copper complex with redox‐active ligands showing quantitative, reversible electromerism between a CuII eletromer with reduced, neutral ligand and a CuI electromer with an oxidized, radical monocationic ligand. The CuII form, being exclusively present at low temperature, exhibits a lower enthalpy (like the enzymes), but the CuI complex exhibits a higher entropy and is exclusively present at room temperature in CH2Cl2 solution. Further analysis, based on six different copper complexes, discloses a large solvent effect on electromerism.
Dynamic Metalloporphyrin‐Based [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles Stimulated by Neutral Lewis Base and Anion Coordination
Authors: Wilmore Jamie T. , Cheong Tse Yuen , Docker Andrew , Whitehead Caspar , Williams Charlotte K. , Beer Paul D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA series of dynamic metalloporphyrin [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles comprising of bis‐functionalised Zn(II) porphyrin axle and pyridyl functionalised macrocycle components are prepared in high yield via active metal template synthetic methodology. Extensive variable temperature 1H NMR and quantitative UV‐Vis spectroscopic titration studies demonstrate dynamic macrocycle translocation is governed by an inter‐component co‐ordination interaction between the macrocycle pyridyl and axle Zn(II) metalloporphyrin, which serves to bias a ‘resting state’ co‐conformation. The dynamic shuttling behaviour of the interlocked structures is dramatically inhibited by the addition of a neutral Lewis base such as pyridine, but can also be tuned via post‐synthetic rotaxane demetallation of the porphyrin axle core to give free‐base, or upon subsequent metallation, Ni(II) [2]rotaxane analogues. Importantly, the Lewis acidic Zn(II) porphyrin axle component is also capable of coordinating anions which induces mechanical bond shuttling behaviour resulting in a novel optical sensing response.
Stereoselective behaviors and enantiomeric effects of paclobutrazol on microorganisms during Chinese cabbage pickling process
Authors: Chen Min , Guo Hao‐Ming , Di Shan‐Shan , Zhao Yue , Zhou Dong‐Dong , Cao Yi‐Wen , Tian Pei , Yang Zhong‐Hua , Zhao Hui‐Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudies on the differences between chiral pesticide enantiomers have caused widespread concern in the last decade. In the current work, the selective behaviors and different biological activities of paclobutrazol enantiomers during Chinese cabbage pickling process were evaluated. Results of degradation kinetics indicated that when paclobutrazol reside in raw material (Chinese cabbage) and was introduced into the pickling process, the degradation rates of the two paclobutrazol enantiomers were significantly different, the half‐lives of (2R, 3R)‐paclobutrazol (R‐paclobutrazol) and (2S, 3S)‐paclobutrazol (S‐paclobutrazol) were 18.24 and 6.19 d, respectively. Besides, the conversion between the two enantiomers could also be observed, and the conversion rate of R‐paclobutrazol to S‐paclobutrazol was slower than that of reverse process. In addition, from the analysis of 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing, we inferred that the degradation of paclobutrazol was probably due to the presence of Pseudomonas and Serratia. Moreover, there has a significant difference in biological activity between R‐paclobutrazol and S‐paclobutrazol and shown an obviously enantiomeric effects on microbial community composition of pickling system. Besides, the analysis of microbial community displayed R‐paclobutrazol might inhibit the growth of Erwinia (a sort of plant pathogens). Results from this study served to enhance our understanding of chiral pesticide residues on food safety and the potential risks to human health.
Trust evaluation of health websites by eliminating phishing websites and using similarity techniques
Authors: Gupta Sarika , Bansal Himani 
Published: March 2023

SummaryEvery user uses a search engine to find health information from websites. Content‐rich health websites are considered in our research as wrong information in these websites can threaten life. Search engines give a list of URLs related to their search keyword. Generally, the user follows the top websites displayed by the search engine. Newly constructed websites do not have ratings, hit counts, and reviews. The search engine does not display newly constructed websites in their top rank. In such a case, the newly constructed website with the same content as the website displayed at the top of the search engine loses the user's trust. Another problem is; the phishing website URLs are also displayed by the Google Search engine, which appear similar to the genuine websites. To solve the problem and enhance the trust of health websites which is not at the top of the search engine among users, we have proposed an approach that extracts all URLs based on the keyword. It identifies all legitimate URLs using a Machine Learning classifier. Address bar features, Domain name features, HTML, and JavaScript features were identified for the dataset of getting legitimate URLs. Three classifiers (Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine) were trained and evaluated. Decision Tree has the highest training accuracy, 94.125, testing accuracy, 92.75, and precision score of 96.97. The cross‐validation score of all three models is almost 93. Therefore, Decision tree is used to identify legitimate websites. After getting the list of legitimate URLs, all the content of the legitimate website is extracted. A Semantic Similarity between top‐rank legitimate website content and legitimate websites is found using Natural language processing techniques. Then the websites are ranked based on similarity and the value of the trust is assigned from highly trustable to less trustable. We have compared and correlated our results with the Web of Trust, a reputation tool for trust analysis, and have achieved a positive correlation. Thus, our approach removes phishing websites and enhances the trust in other websites that are not at the top of the search engine.
Electrochemistry‐Driven Interphase Doubly Protects Graphite Cathodes for Ultralong Life and Fast Charge of Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Li Decheng , Shao Jie , Jiang Yu , Lv Linze , Shi Qiang , Qu Qunting , Zheng Honghe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs) with graphite as cathode material, show superiority in terms of sustainability, affordability, and environmental impact over Li‐ion batteries that rely on transition‐metal based cathodes. However, graphite cathodes severely suffer from poor structural stability during anion storage at high potentials because of the co‐intercalation and oxidative decomposition of electrolytes. This work presents an in situ electrochemistry‐driven route to create a bifunctional interphase through implantation of diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene‐phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) on the surface of graphite particles. The reaction mechanisms and functions of DTPMP are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The DTPMP‐derived interphase not only improves the antioxidative stability of electrolytes but also benefits the desolvation of PF6− anions, which doubly protect the graphitic structure and give rise to fast‐charge and ultralong cycling performance of graphite cathodes in DIBs.
In‐depth metabolic study of nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator GSK2881078 in thoroughbred horses and horse liver microsomes for doping control
Authors: Karatt Tajudheen K. , Sathiq M. Anwar , Laya Saraswathy , Kal Abdul Khader Karakka , Subhahar Michael Benedict , Muhammed Ajeebsanu M. P. , Philip Moses , Caveney Marina Rodriguez , Graiban Fatma Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a novel class of compounds that have not yet been clinically approved; however, they appear to have a better anabolic/androgenic ratio than steroids and cause slighter side effects. Sports drug testing laboratories are required to maintain continuously updated doping control analytical methods in light of the widespread misuse of SARMs in elite and amateur sports. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of SARM GSK2881078 in thoroughbred horses following oral administration and in vitro with equine liver microsomes. A liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry method was used to postulate the plausible structures of the detected metabolites. A total of five (M1–M5) in vivo metabolites and six (M1–M6) in vitro metabolites were detected under experimental conditions. Phase I metabolites mainly result from hydroxylation. Methoxylated and side‐chain dissociated metabolites were also detected. Neither sulfonic acid nor glucuronic acid conjugated metabolites were observed in this study. Data reported here could aid in the detection of nonsteroidal SARM GSK2881078 and reveal its illicit use in competitive sports.
Temporal stability of the hybrid zone between Calocitta magpie‐jays revealed through comparison of museum specimens and iNaturalist photos
Authors: Pizarro Alana K. , DeRaad Devon A. , McCormack John E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHybrid zones are natural experiments for the study of avian evolution. Hybrid zones can be dynamic, moving as species adjust to new climates and habitats, with unknown implications for species and speciation. There are relatively few studies that have comparable modern and historic sampling to assess change in hybrid zone location and width over time, and those studies have generally found mixed results, with many hybrid zones showing change over time, but others showing stability. The white‐throated magpie‐jay (Calocitta formosa) and black‐throated magpie‐jay (Calocitta colliei) occur along the western coast of Mexico and Central America. The two species differ markedly in throat color and tail length, and prior observation suggests a narrow hybrid zone in southern Jalisco where individuals have mixed throat color. This study aims to assess the existence and temporal stability of this putative hybrid zone by comparing throat color between georeferenced historical museum specimens and modern photos from iNaturalist with precise locality information. Our results confirm the existence of a narrow hybrid zone in Jalisco, with modern throat scores gradually increasing from the parental ends of the cline toward the cline center in a sigmoidal curve characteristic of hybrid zones. Our temporal comparison suggests that the hybrid zone has not shifted its position between historical (pre‐1973) and modern (post‐2005) time periods—a surprising result given the grand scale of habitat change to the western Mexican lowlands during this time. An anomalous pocket of white‐throated individuals in the northern range of the black‐throated magpie‐jay hints at the possibility of prehistorical long‐distance introduction. Future genomic data will help disentangle the evolutionary history of these lineages and better characterize how secondary contact is affecting both the DNA and the phenotype of these species.
Ecological restoration using intertidal foundation species: Considerations and potential for rockweed restoration
Authors: Whitaker Stephen G. , Ambrose Richard F. , Anderson Laura M. , Fales Robin J. , Smith Jayson R. , Sutton Sierra , Miller Robert J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFoundation species, such as trees, corals, grasses, oysters, and rockweeds, must be common and abundant to effectively modify the physical environment and increase biodiversity by buffering environmental stress. Yet many of these important species have been declining due to disease, climate change, and other factors. A prime example is the precipitous population decline of marine rockweeds, which is attributed to increased urbanization and its accompanying impacts. Rockweeds provide three‐dimensional habitat in harsh rocky intertidal environments and regulate ecosystem functioning, essential roles that no substitute species are capable of filling. Recovery of impacted rockweed populations is typically slow and unpredictable due to their limited dispersal capacity. These issues have motivated efforts to conserve remaining populations of rockweeds and reestablish or enhance depleted ones. Successfully doing so requires a robust understanding of factors that affect survival of the species and the processes that influence ecosystem structure, along with rigorous scientific testing of restoration methods and the factors that affect restoration success. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current knowledge of rockweed ecology, highlight studies that could inform restoration practices, and recommend ways to improve our ability to implement scalable restoration of rockweeds and accompanying ecosystem‐wide benefits.
3D printing flexible supercapacitors based on crosslinked poly (acrylic acid‐co‐vinylimidazole)
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Auad Maria L. , Beckingham Bryan S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSupercapacitors are an attractive technology for energy storage applications as they allow for fast charging of devices. The fabrication of flexible supercapacitors by additive manufacturing is a promising approach to produce energy storage components for applications where material flexibility and complex geometries are desirable. In this work, digital light projection (DLP) additive manufacturing is used to fabricate polymer electrolytes for flexible supercapacitors based on crosslinked poly(acrylic acid‐co‐vinylimidazole) (PAAVim). Ion gels are prepared through equilibration with 4M lithium chloride (LiCl) in ethylene glycol, deionized (DI) water and ethylene glycol/DI water mixtures. Flexibility and stretchability varied depending on the equilibration solvent with prepared PAAVim/LiCl polymer electrolytes exhibiting up to ˜700% elongation at break. Subsequent flexible supercapacitors fabricated by sandwiching the ion gel between carbon cloth electrodes delivered 60 F/g specific capacitance at the scan rate of 0.2 A/g with an energy density of 8.3 Wh/kg and a power density of 99.8 W/kg. Overall, this work demonstrates the fabrication of flexible capacitors through DLP additive manufacturing, where the resulting material physical and electrochemical properties can be varied through control over the resin chemistry.