bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO-KHC) für die Erteilung der fachspezifischen Weiterbildungsbefugnis
Authors: Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Lang Stephan , Stöver Timo , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Plontke Stefan , Welkoborsky Hans-Jürgen , Zahnert Thomas , Lippert Burkard M. , Rotter Nicole , Dazert S. , Dietz Andreas , Deitmer Thomas 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Musterweiterbildungsordnung 2018 der Bundesärztekammer für die Facharztweiterbildung „Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde“ wird zunehmend durch die Landesärztekammern in Kraft gesetzt. Ein hierzu passender, fachlich empfohlener Weiterbildungsplan (FEWP) wurde von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO-KHC) gemeinsam mit dem Berufsverband Deutscher HNO-Ärzte konsentiert und als Muster für die Landesärztekammern empfohlen.In diesem Kontext werden von den Landesärztekammern Kriterien erarbeitet, anhand derer Befugnisse für eine Weiterbildung zuerkannt werden können.Die DGHNO-KHC hat letztmalig 1999 Empfehlungen für die Erteilung von Weiterbildungsbefugnissen für die Weiterbildung HNO-Heilkunde gegeben. Durch die Musterweiterbildungsordnung 2018 haben sich viele Inhalte geändert. Daher soll hiermit den Landesärztekammern ein fachlich-wissenschaftlich formulierter Vorschlag für die Zuerkennung von Weiterbildungsbefugnissen an die Hand gegeben werden.
Performance of endoscopic submucosal dissection for undifferentiated early gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort
Authors: Papaefthymiou Apostolis , Kahaleh Michel , Lemmers Arnaud , Sferrazza Sandro , Barret Maximilien , Yamamoto Katsumi , Deprez Pierre , Marín-Gabriel José C. , Tribonias George , Ouyang Hong , Barbaro Federico , Kiosov Oleksandr , Seewald Stefan , Patil Gaurav , Elkholy Shaimaa , Coumaros Dimitri , Vuckovic Clemence , Banks Matthew , Haidry Rehan , Mavrogenis Georgios 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Undifferentiated early gastric cancer (UD-EGC) represents an extended indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) based on the existing guidelines. This study evaluated the prevalence of UD-EGC recurrence after ESD, and potentially implicated risk factors.
Patients and methods Data from 17 centers were collected retrospectively including demographics, endoscopic and pathological findings, and follow-up data from UD-EGC cases treated by ESD. Patients with incomplete resection or advanced disease were excluded. Descriptive statistics quantified variables and calculated the incidence of recurrence. Chi-square test was applied to assess any link between independent variables and relapse; significantly associated variables were inserted to a multivariable regression model.
Results Seventy-one patients were eligible, with 2:1 female to male ratio and age of 65.8 ± 11.8 years. Mean lesion size was 33.5 ± 18.8 mm and the most frequent histological subtype was signet ring-cells UGC (2:1). Patients were followed-up every 5.6 ± 3.7 months with a mean surveillance period of 29.3 ± 15.3 months until data collection. Four patients (5.6%) developed local recurrence 8.8 ± 6.5 months post-ESD, with no lymph node or distal metastases been reported. Lesion size was not associated with recurrence (P = 0.32), in contrast to lymphovascular and perineural invasion which were independently associated with local recurrence (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusions ESD could be considered as the initial step to manage UD-EGC, providing at least an “entire-lesion” biopsy to guide therapeutic strategy. When histology confirms absence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion, this modality could be therapeutic, providing low recurrence rates.
Polarized tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy at liquid He temperature in ultrahigh vacuum using an off-axis parabolic mirror
Authors: Peis L. , He G. , Jost D. , Rager G. , Hackl R. 
Published: June 2023

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines inelastic light scattering well below the diffraction limit down to the nanometer range and scanning probe microscopy and, possibly, spectroscopy. In this way, topographic and spectroscopic as well as single- and two-particle information may simultaneously be collected. While single molecules can now be studied successfully, bulk solids are still not meaningfully accessible. It is the purpose of the work presented here to outline approaches toward this objective. We describe a home-built, liquid helium cooled, ultrahigh vacuum TERS. The setup is based on a scanning tunneling microscope and, as an innovation, an off-axis parabolic mirror having a high numerical aperture of ∼0.85 and a large working distance. The system is equipped with a fast load-lock chamber, a chamber for the in situ preparation of tips, substrates, and samples, and a TERS chamber. Base pressure and temperature in the TERS chamber were ∼3 × 10−11 mbar and 15 K, respectively. Polarization dependent tip-enhanced Raman spectra of the vibration modes of carbon nanotubes were successfully acquired at cryogenic temperature. The new features described here including very low pressure and temperature and the external access to the light polarizations, thus the selection rules, may pave the way toward the investigation of bulk and surface materials.
A transnational multilingual language learning journey
Authors: Massó Marisol , De Costa Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study presents the case of a multilingual refugee (Maji) of Kirundi, Swahili, French, and English, from Burundi living in the U.S., and examines the language ideologies and identities embedded in his transnational narratives. We analyze our focal participant’s multi-layered transnational experiences using Darvin and Norton’s (2015) model of investment that foregrounds the intersection of ideology, capital, and identity. Specifically, we center on dominant ideologies in Maji’s discourse and how he negotiated his ethnic, social class, and gendered identities. Our findings revealed that Maji, who adhered to discourses that promoted the English superiority, the prestige of dialectal forms of Swahili, Spanish, and English, and English as a global commodity displayed his awareness of language hierarchies and dominance. Yet, Maji, who drew on French for meaning-making, displayed contradictory ideas by framing French as a useless language in the U.S. as compared to English. Our study sheds light on the complexity of multilinguals’ identity construction and discusses pedagogical implications on how to support language minority students’ multilingualism.
Material, competence and meaning in the fansub community
Authors: Xueni Zhang , Binghan Zheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Previous investigations into fansub groups have focused on their internal coherence as communities of practice and
external links to technological affordances, but research on how fansubbers interact with their social and material surroundings
is limited. This article reports on a netnographic study that showcases a novice fansubber’s construction of translating
experience. It employs practice theory to describe the composition of the fansub activity through the eyes of the netnographer as
a newcomer. This study illustrates the undertaking of translation tasks in this fansub group as co-mediated by the availability
and reproduction of materials, interaction between previously acquired and newly gained knowledge, and emergence of meanings
through membership construction. It addresses an integration of practice theory and ethnography as a promising approach to tapping
the situatedness of translation.
Exotic black hole thermodynamics in third-order Lovelock gravity
Authors: Hull Brayden , Simovic Fil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The generalisation of Birkhoff’s theorem to higher dimensions in Lovelock gravity allows for black hole solutions with horizon geometries of non-constant curvature. We investigate thermodynamic aspects of these ‘exotic’ black hole solutions, with a particular emphasis on their phase transitions. We consider an extended phase space where the cosmological constant acts as a thermodynamic pressure, and examine both uncharged and U(1) charged solutions. In d = 7, black hole solutions are restricted to having constant curvature horizon base manifolds. Uncharged d = 7 black holes possess novel triple point phenomena analogous to those recently uncovered in exotic d = 6 black holes in Gauss–Bonnet gravity, while their charged counterparts generically undergo small-large black hole phase transitions. In d = 8, we find that both charged and uncharged black holes exhibit triple point behaviour and small-large black hole transitions. We also show that a wide range of ‘exotic’ horizon geometries can be ruled out due to the appearance of naked singularities.
Cosmology in Minkowski space
Authors: Lombriser Lucas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Theoretical and observational challenges to standard cosmology such as the cosmological constant problem and tensions between cosmological model parameters inferred from different observations motivate the development and search of new physics. A less radical approach to venturing beyond the standard model is the simple mathematical reformulation of our theoretical frameworks underlying it. While leaving physical measurements unaffected, this can offer a reinterpretation and even solutions of these problems. In this spirit, metric transformations are performed here that cast our Universe into different geometries. Of particular interest thereby is the formulation of cosmology in Minkowski space. Rather than an expansion of space, spatial curvature, and small-scale inhomogeneities and anisotropies, this frame exhibits a variation of mass, length and time scales across spacetime. Alternatively, this may be interpreted as an evolution of fundamental constants. As applications of this reframed cosmological picture, the naturalness of the cosmological constant is reinspected and promising candidates of geometric origin are explored for dark matter, dark energy, inflation and baryogenesis. An immediate observation thereby is the apparent absence of the cosmological constant problem in the Minkowski frame. The formalism is also applied to identify new observable signatures of conformal inhomogeneities, which have been proposed as simultaneous solution of the observational tensions in the Hubble constant, the amplitude of matter fluctuations, and the gravitational lensing amplitude of cosmic microwave background anisotropies. These are found to enhance redshifts to distant galaxy clusters and introduce a mass bias with cluster masses inferred from gravitational lensing exceeding those inferred kinematically or dynamically.
The stable and unstable oscillations of a rod attached to many springs
Authors: Abdullah Mikrajuddin , Rahmayanti Handika Dany , Yuliza Elfi , Munir Rahmawati 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The oscillation equations of a multi-spring system connected to a rod are developed. Oscillations can be stable or unstable depending on the distribution of the spring constant and the number of springs. The symmetrical spring distribution with respect to the rod center tends to stabilize. The system becomes more stable as the number of springs increases. The equations of motion are identified to satisfy the Mathieu’s equation. The system could be thought of as a rough imitation of the crazy bamboo attraction, a traditional attraction by old civilization that is frequently associated with the mystical phenomenon. One spring represents one performer. The behavior of the performer’s force (opposite to the direction of the bamboo movement and providing a stronger force as the displacement of the bamboo increases) is similar to that of the spring force.
Solving an inverse source problem by deep neural network method with convergence and error analysis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Jijun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For the inverse source problem of an elliptic system using noisy internal measurement as inversion input, we approximate its solution by neural network function, which is obtained by optimizing an empirical loss function with appropriate regularizing terms. We analyze the convergence of the general loss from noisy inversion input data in deep Galerkin method by the regularizing empirical loss function. Based on the upper bound of the expected loss function by its regularizing empirical form, we establish the upper bound of the expected loss function at the minimizer of the regularizing empirical noisy loss function in terms of the number of sampling points as well as the noise level quantitatively, for suitably chosen regularizing parameters and regularizing terms. Then, by specifying the number of sampling points in terms of noise level of inversion input data, we establish the error orders representing the difference between the neural network solution and the exact one, under some a-priori restrictions on the source. Finally, we give numerical implementations for several examples to verify our theoretical results.
Mechanical energy harvesting in traffic environment and its application in smart transportation
Authors: Du Ronghua , Xiao Jun , Chang Sideng , Zhao Linchuan , Wei Kexiang , Zhang Wenming , Zou Hongxiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The concept of green and sustainable development is driving the convergence of transportation systems and energy technologies. New energy harvesting technology (EHT) is an important way of the development in the green intelligent transportation system. Comparing with the power supply via batteries or cables, it has the advantages of convenient, sustainable, green and low carbon to harvest mechanical energy from the traffic environment and convert it into electrical energy to power the widely distributed small electromechanical systems. There are many studies on mechanical energy harvesting in traffic environment, few of them have comprehensively discussed these studies and their applications in the intelligent transportation. This paper first outlines the principles, methods, and energy management strategies of the mechanical energy harvesting in the traffic environment. The advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of various EHTs are comprehensively and systematically analyzed from vehicle and road dimensions. The applications of EHT was discussed includes: self-powered traffic control, self-powered vehicle-road collaboration and self-powered health monitoring of traffic infrastructure. Finally, the challenges and prospects of mechanical EHT and applications in the traffic environment are discussed. Mechanical energy harvesting in traffic environment has broad application prospects in intelligent transportation, while improving the output power and reliability of the energy harvesting system is the key to its wide application in intelligent transportation systems.
On the interplay of body-force distributions and flow speed for dielectric-barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Hehner Marc T , Coutinho Gonçalo , Santos Pereira Ricardo B , Benard Nicolas , Kriegseis Jochen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The dielectric-barrier discharge plasma actuator is a well-established device commonly operated in boundary-layer airflows for active flow control. In the present experimental investigation, their ability to cause momentum transfer to the surrounding fluid is analyzed by means of spatio-temporal body-force distributions in both quiescent air and external airflow conditions. The work is motivated by the limitation to quiescent-air operating conditions of frequent previous efforts. Available analytical velocity-information-based force derivation approaches are contrasted to investigate the actuator performance under conditions of their area of application. Results of body force in quiescent air, in agreement with literature, confirm the major taken assumption for Navier–Stokes-based body-force formulations—a negligible pressure gradient. However, the previous circumstance turns out as an invalid assumption for plasma actuation encountering an external airflow. These outcomes coincide with the findings in the numerical work of (2015 Numerical investigation of plasma-actuator force-term estimations from flow experiments J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
48 395203), following the recommendation to apply a vorticity-equation-based approach under such conditions. Furthermore, the shape of the spatio-temporal body-force distribution is observed to undergo changes when the airflow speed increases. On the other hand, the integral force magnitude is found to remain approximately constant. Moreover, the choice of phase resolution of the discharge cycle has an implication on the accuracy of the temporal force evolution, therefore, clarifying the importance of a priori defining the type of body-force analysis in an experiment; i.e. integral force magnitude, time-averaged or time-resolved evaluation. As a promising finding of utmost importance for the actuator performance, the actuator remains as effective as in quiescent air under presence of the external airflow, which immediately renders the actuator fluid-mechanic efficiency to increase for increasing airflow speed.
Molecular dynamics simulation of cathode crater formation in the cathode spot of vacuum arcs
Authors: Yang Haonan , Shen Shuhang , Xu Ruoyu , Zhou Mingyu , Yan Joseph , Wang Zhongdong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A three-dimensional model based on molecular dynamics has been developed to describe the formation of a single cathode spot in vacuum arcs. The formation of the cathode spot is assumed to be controlled by the plasma ions, the effect of which is simulated in LAMMPS through the process of ion bombardment. The cathode is represented by structured copper atoms, while the ions are continuously injected into the domain with a certain velocity towards the cathode surface. Ion bombardment leads to the appearance of a crater, which is caused by the accumulation of pressure effect against the relaxation of substrate temperature. The size of the crater is found to be determined by the spatial distribution of the injected ions. The formation of the cathode spot is also scrutinised by electron emission from the cathode surface with variable surface temperature during the cathode spot development process. In addition, the evaporated atoms forming the metal vapour are observed. This study provides a description of the formation of the cathode spot at microscale, which shall be helpful to further studies of the arc rooting and arc contact (electrode) erosion in vacuum environment.
Effects of the voltage ramp rate on the conduction characteristics of HfO2-based resistive switching devices
Authors: García H , Vinuesa G , García-Ochoa E , Aguirre F L , González M B , Jiménez-Molinos F , Campabadal F , Roldán J B , Miranda E , Dueñas S , Castán H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Memristive devices have shown a great potential for non-volatile memory circuits and neuromorphic computing. For both applications it is essential to know the physical mechanisms behind resistive switching; in particular, the time response to external voltage signals. To shed light in these issues we have studied the role played by the applied voltage ramp rate in the electrical properties of TiN/Ti/HfO2/W metal–insulator–metal resistive switching devices. Using an ad hoc experimental set-up, the current–voltage characteristics were measured for ramp rates ranging from 100 mV s−1–1 MV s−1. These measurements were used to investigate in detail the set and reset transitions. It is shown that the highest ramp rates allow controlling the resistance values corresponding to the intermediate states at the very beginning of the reset process, which is not possible by means of standard quasistatic techniques. Both the set and reset voltages increase with the ramp rate because the oxygen vacancies movement is frequency dependent so that, when the ramp rate is high enough, the conductive filaments neither fully form nor dissolve. In agreement with Chua’s theory of memristive devices, this effect causes the device resistance window to decrease as the ramp rate increases, and even to vanish for very high ramp rates. Remarkably, we demonstrate that the voltage ramp rate can be straightforwardly used to control the conductance change of the switching devices, which opens up a new way to program the synaptic weights when using these devices to mimic synapses for neuromorphic engineering applications. Moreover, the data obtained have been compared with the predictions of the dynamic memdiode model.
Temperature dependence of semi-hard iron silicide rare-earth free magnet
Authors: Siraj Haq , Hong Jisang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Searching for rare-earth free permanent magnet attracts extensive research interests due to diverse technological applications and other subtle issues. Here, the temperature dependent magnetic properties of Fe5SiC structure are explored. The Fe5SiC has a critical temperature of 710 K with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic anisotropy constant and coercive field are monotonically decreased with increasing temperature. For instance, the magnetic anisotropy constant is 0.42 MJ m−3 at zero Kelvin and reduced to 0.24 MJ m−3 and 0.06 MJ m−3 at 300 K and 600 K. The coercive field becomes 0.7 T at 0 K. With increasing the temperatures, it is suppressed to 0.42 T and 0.20 T at 300 K and 600 K, respectively. Overall, the Fe5SiC system has a (BH)max of 417 kJ m−3 at zero Kelvin. The (BH)max is decreased at high temperature. Nonetheless, we obtain the (BH)max of 234 kJ m−3 at 300 K. Since the Fe5SiC shows better permanent magnetic (PM) property than the conventional ferrites and also CeCo5. This finding may indicate that the Fe5SiC can be a potential candidate as a Fe-based gap PM between ferrite and Nd–Fe–B (or Sm–Co) at room temperature.
Effect of internal interface layer on dielectric properties of doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films and its simulation in filters
Authors: Wang Hong-zhe , Li Bo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Effect of the internal interface layer on the dielectric properties of doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) films and their simulation research in filters. Based on the interfacial effect in the multi-layer ferroelectric thin film, a different number of internal interface layers was proposed and introduced into the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film. First, Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti0.99Zn0.01O3 (ZBST) sol and Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti0.99Mg0.01O3 (MBST) sols were prepared using the sol-gel method. Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti0.99Zn0.01O3/Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti0.99Mg0.01O3/Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti0.99Zn0.01O3 thin films with 2 layer internal interface layer, 4 layer internal interface layer and 8 layer internal interface layer were designed and prepared (I2, I4, I8). The effects of the internal interface layer on the structure, morphology, dielectric properties, and leakage current behavior of the films were studied. The results showed that all the films were of the cubic perovskite BST phase and had the strongest diffraction peak in the (110) crystal plane. The surface composition of the film was uniform, and there was no cracked layer. When the bias of the applied DC field was 600 kV cm−1, the high-quality factor values of the I8 thin film at 10 MHz and 100 kHz were 111.3 and 108.6, respectively. The introduction of the internal interface layer changed the leakage current of the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film, and the I8 thin film exhibited the minimum leakage current density. The I8 thin-film capacitor was used as the tunable element to design a fourth-step ‘tapped’ complementary bandpass filter. When the permittivity was reduced from 500 to 191, the central frequency-tunable rate of the filter was 5.7%.