bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health indicators for cerebral palsy: A European collaborative study of the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe network
Authors: Arnaud Catherine , Ehlinger Virginie , Perraud Annie , Kinsner‐Ovaskainen Agnieszka , Klapouszczak Dana , Himmelmann Kate , Petra Mariana , Rackauskaite Gija , Lanzoni Monica , Platt Mary‐Jane , Delobel‐Ayoub Malika 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPublic health indicators (PHIs) play an increasingly important role in health policy decision‐making. Although cerebral palsy (CP) is the commonest physical disability in children, its impact at population level has not been systematically measured so far.ObjectivesWe aimed to propose six PHIs for CP designed to annually document the extent of CP and effectiveness of perinatal organisation, the burden of this condition, access to health services and preventive health strategies in the post‐neonatal period and to report on the latest updated estimations using population‐based data routinely collected by European CP registries.MethodsThe study included children with CP born between 2002 and 2011. Harmonised data (number of cases, functional profile, imaging) were extracted from the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) database. Eligibility criteria for analyses were applied separately for each indicator by selecting registries, birth years and CP cases. Current estimates were based on the last 3 birth years, while trends were reported over a 10‐year period. All analyses were descriptive. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to examine the stability of the results using various thresholds of percentages of missing values.ResultsAnalyses were performed on a total of 8621 children with CP from 12 to 17 SCPE registries. A decreasing prevalence of pre/perinatal CP overall, as well as in preterm and full‐term‐born children, was observed. The burden of the condition was strongly dependent on CP subtype and the presence of associated impairments. Access to brain imaging ranged from 80% to 100% depending on registries. The overall prevalence of post‐neonatally acquired CP was approximately 0.8 per 10,000 live births over the study period.ConclusionsPopulation‐based CP registries can provide data that are relevant for generating key outcomes of interest at the population level, thus potentially contributing to improving public health policies for children with disabilities.
Women engagement, psychological traits, and gender gaps in the small‐scale seaweed aquaculture in Chile
Authors: Salazar César , Jaime Marcela , Retamal Roberto Cárdenas , Baquedano Marjorie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWomen's participation in small‐scale aquaculture is growing, but women producers remain in a disadvantaged position compared to men. Reducing gender gaps is at the core of many development programs, but little is known regarding the source of these differences. This paper investigates the main drivers of gender gaps in seaweed small‐scale aquaculture by focusing on the analysis of differences between male and women, and across a series of psychological traits. We use data from a sample of 152 seaweed producers from central‐southern Chile and perform a matching procedure to generate a balanced sample of male and female producers in the dimensions determining their performance in the sector. Our results show that female producers may exhibit more positive psychological traits such as patience and interpersonal trust. However, women's choices in seaweed farming may be incongruent with these characteristics, as expecting more immediate returns than males, and may not be able to exploit the advantages of collaboration in selling in the sector. This supports the notion that opportunity costs (e.g., other activities in the marine area) and outside options (e.g., fishing versus trade) may be one of the major drivers of gender gaps and suggests that there are barriers keeping women from exploiting their potentially advantageous individual characteristics. Results provide important insights for the design of support instruments aimed at reducing these barriers faced by women in the sector.
International human rights bodies and climate litigation: Don't look up?
Authors: Luporini Riccardo , Savaresi Annalisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article systematically analyses complaints concerning climate change before international human rights bodies. Since 2005, these bodies have been increasingly asked to hear complaints related to climate change but have granted claims of climate applicants only on one occasion. This article therefore considers the inherent limitations of international human rights bodies for the pursuit of climate objectives, as well as avenues to overcome the hurdles facing climate applicants. Based on the evidence we examined, we conclude making some predictions on the role that international human rights bodies might play in future climate litigation.
COVID‐19 as an opportunity window for policy change; insights from electronic authentication case study in Iran
Authors: Shirazi Hossein , Vahdaninia Valiallah , Maleki Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPublic emergencies are focal events that present possibilities for policy changes. This study aims to explain policy insights on policy change in Iran through analyzing how the Iranian government's policy toward the long‐awaited e‐authentication finally changed in the wake of the outbreak of COVID‐19. Due to the policy context of Iran, it uses the Multiple Stream Model, in which three streams were identified: problem, policy, and political dynamics. The paper contends that while the second stream existed prior to the pandemic, the first one had not yet been appropriately recognized by the government. Furthermore, it identifies the political stream as the third missing link for policy change. With the spread of coronavirus, these three streams converged, thus opening a window of opportunity for enacting this policy change. Two main reasons behind the emergence of this opening are identified: first, arising a new complex problem (COVID‐19) that necessitated new initiatives, and second, growing public anxiety about the pandemic. Iran's desperate circumstances, which included an already severely depressed economy as the result of sanctions, were further exacerbated through the socio‐economic repercussions of the pandemic. Furthermore, the growing demand from prospective traders to register for the stock exchange during the lockdown prompted officials to make a realistic decision. As a result, barriers to e‐authentication were overcome and policy change happened. The paper highlights the security perspective as a necessary condition for policy change in Iran. Finally, it discusses the likelihood of permanency of the change.
Effect of adjuvant autologous platelet concentrates on secondary repair of alveolar clefts: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Hamza Parvez , Sennimalai Karthik , Bhatt Krushna , Samrit Vilas D. , Duggal Ritu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo review the existing evidence on the adjuvant use of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) with iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) in the reconstruction of the secondary alveolar cleft.MethodsElectronic databases were searched systematically until November 2022. Clinical trials comparing the three‐dimensional radiological outcomes of patients who underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) with ICBG and APCs to those with ICBG alone and the radiological outcomes assessed 6 months after surgery were included. Two authors performed the study selection and the assessment of the risk of bias. Meta‐analysis was performed using the random‐effects model to determine the risk ratio (RR) for developing wound dehiscence and the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the percentage of newly formed bone.ResultsNine studies (seven RCT and two CCT) were included with a low to high risk of bias. At the 6‐month follow‐up, the study group revealed insignificant results regarding the percentage of newly formed bone (MD = 6.49; 95% CI: −0.97, 13.94; p = .09; χ2 = 0.01; I2 = 71%). In addition, the overall risk of developing wound dehiscence was lower in the study group (RR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.78; p = .01; χ2 = 0.67; I2 = 0%).ConclusionCurrently, there is insufficient evidence to support the adjuvant use of APCs with ICBG on enhanced bone regeneration following secondary alveolar bone grafting. However, combining ICBG and APCs might be beneficial in reducing the risk of developing wound dehiscence.
Measuring Nuance in Individual Contraceptive Need: A Case Study from a Cohort in Malawi
Authors: Bornstein Marta , Huber‐Krum Sarah , Gipson Jessica D. , Norris Alison H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContraceptive counseling protocols tend to focus narrowly on pregnancy intentions, which may overlook other factors that contribute to whether an individual wants or needs contraception. In this report, we demonstrate the potential of two measures of individual contraceptive need that could be assessed as part of contraceptive counseling: (1) a composite score constructed from pregnancy intentions, sexual frequency, and perceived fecundity and (2) a direct measure of contraceptive need (“do you feel it is necessary for you to be using contraception right now?”) We compare the two measures using data from Umoyo wa Thanzi, a cohort study in Central Malawi (N = 906; 2017–2018). More frequent sex, perceptions of being more fecund, and a stronger desire to avoid pregnancy were associated with directly reporting contraceptive need (p < 0.001). Women who directly reported contraceptive need had a higher average composite score than women who directly reported they had no need (mean = 7.4 vs. 6.3; p < 0.01), but nearly all participants had scores indicating some risk of unintended pregnancy. Contraceptive counseling protocols should consider assessing women's direct report of contraceptive need, along with risk factors for unintended pregnancy, such as sexual frequency, perceived fecundity, and desire to avoid pregnancy, to better counsel clients.
Restoring arm function with a soft robotic wearable for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Proietti Tommaso , O’Neill Ciaran , Gerez Lucas , Cole Tazzy , Mendelowitz Sarah , Nuckols Kristin , Hohimer Cameron , Lin David , Paganoni Sabrina , Walsh Conor 
Published: February 2023

Despite promising results in the rehabilitation field, it remains unclear whether upper limb robotic wearables, e.g., for people with physical impairments resulting from neurodegenerative disease, can be made portable and suitable for everyday use. We present a lightweight, fully portable, textile-based, soft inflatable wearable robot for shoulder elevation assistance that provides dynamic active support to the upper limbs. The technology is mechanically transparent when unpowered, can quantitatively assess free movement of the user, and adds only 150 grams of weight to each upper limb. In 10 individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with different degrees of neuromuscular impairment, we demonstrated immediate improvement in the active range of motion and compensation for continuing physical deterioration in two individuals with ALS over 6 months. Along with improvements in movement, we show that this robotic wearable can improve functional activity without any training, restoring performance of basic activities of daily living. In addition, a reduction in shoulder muscle activity and perceived muscular exertion, coupled with increased endurance for holding objects, highlight the potential of this device to mitigate the impact of muscular fatigue for patients with ALS. These results represent a further step toward everyday use of assistive, soft, robotic wearables for the upper limbs.
TIPE2deletion improves the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred NK cells
Authors: Bi Jiacheng , Huang Chen , Jin Xiaomeng , Zheng Chaoyue , Huang Yingying , Zheng Xiaohu , Tian Zhigang , Sun Haoyu 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundTo enhance the efficacy of adoptive NK cell therapy against solid tumors, NK cells must be modified to resist exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the molecular checkpoint underlying NK cell exhaustion in the TME remains elusive.MethodsWe analyzed the correlation betweenTIPE2expression and NK cell functional exhaustion in the TME both in humans and mice by single-cell transcriptomic analysis and by using gene reporter mice. We investigated the effects ofTIPE2deletion on adoptively transferred NK cell therapy against cancers by using NK cells from NK-specificTipe2-deficient mice or peripheral blood-derived or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human NK cells withTIPE2deletion by CRISPR/Cas9. We also investigated the potential synergy of double deletion ofTIPE2and another checkpoint molecule,CISH.ResultsBy single-cell transcriptomic analysis and by using gene reporter mice, we found thatTIPE2expression correlated with NK cell exhaustion in the TME both in humans and mice and that theTIPE2highNK cell subset correlated with poorer survival of tumor patients.TIPE2deletion promoted the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred mouse NK cells and adoptively transferred human NK cells, either derived from peripheral blood or differentiated from iPSCs.TIPE2deletion rendered NK cells with elevated capacities for tumor infiltration and effector functions.TIPE2deletion also synergized withCISHdeletion to further improve antitumor activity in vivo.ConclusionsThis study highlighted TIPE2 targeting as a promising approach for enhancing adoptive NK cell therapy against solid tumors.
Changes in physical performance during British Army Junior Entry, British Army Standard Entry and Royal Air Force Basic Training
Authors: Rue C A , D Myers S , L Coakley S , M Ashdown K , J Lee B , J Hale B , G Siddall A , C Needham-Beck S , L Hinde K , I Osofa J , S Walker F , Fieldhouse A , A J Vine C , Doherty J , R Flood T , F Walker E , Wardle S , P Greeves J , D Blacker S 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe purpose was to quantify physical performance in men and women during British Army Junior Entry (Army-JE), British Army Standard Entry (Army-SE) and Royal Air Force (RAF) basic training (BT).DesignProspective longitudinal study.Methods381 participants ((339 men and 42 women) n=141 Army-JE, n=132 Army-SE, n=108 RAF) completed a 2 km run, medicine ball throw (MBT) and isometric mid-thigh pull (MTP), pre-BT and post-BT. To examine changes in pre-BT to post-BT physical test performance, for each course, paired Student t-test and Wilcoxon test were applied to normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively, with effect sizes reported as Cohen’s D and with rank biserial correlations, respectively. A one-way between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) (or Welch ANOVA for non-normally distributed data) compared performance between quartiles based on test performance pre-BT. Where the main tests statistic, p value and effect sizes identified likely effect of quartile, post hoc comparisons were made using Games-Howell tests with Tukey’s p value. Data are presented as mean±SD, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.ResultsDuring BT, 2 km run time improved by 13±46 s (−2.1%±8.1%), 30±64 s (−4.8%±12.3%) and 24±27 s (−4.5%±5.1%) for Army-JE, Army-SE and RAF, respectively (all p<0.005). MBT distance increased by 0.27±0.28 m (6.8%±7.0%) for Army-JE (p<0.001) and 0.07±0.46 m (2.3%±10.9%) for Army-SE (p=0.040), but decreased by 0.08±0.27 m (−1.4%±6.0%) for RAF (p=0.002). MTP force increased by 80±281 n (10.8%±27.6%) for Army-JE (p<0.001) and did not change for Army-SE (−36±295 n, −0.7%±20.6%, p=0.144) or RAF (−9±208 n, 1.0±17.0, p=0.603). For all tests and cohorts, participants in the lowest quartile of pre-BT performance scores demonstrated greater improvements, compared with participants in the highest quartile (except Army-JE MBT, ∆% change similar between all quartiles).ConclusionsChanges in physical performance were observed for the three fitness tests following the different BT courses, and recruits with the lowest strength and aerobic fitness experienced greatest improvements.
Stellate ganglion block catheters for refractory electrical storm: a retrospective cohort and care pathway
Authors: Patel Rishi Ashok , Condrey Jackson M , George Renuka M , Wolf Bethany J , Wilson Sylvia H 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundElectrical storm can be challenging to treat, requiring a multidisciplinary team to coordinate medical management and invasive procedures. As the stellate ganglion provides efferent sympathetic outflow to the myocardium, stellate ganglion blocks (SGB) can be used to combat ventricular arrhythmias that arise from sympathetic overactivity. Data are scarce regarding SGB catheters as a treatment for electrical storm. We reviewed our use of SGB catheters for refractory electrical storm using our pathway collaboratively developed by critical care, cardiology, and regional anesthesia teams.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent an SGB for electrical storm between January 2020 and April 2022 in our cardiovascular intensive care unit. The primary outcome was the sustained cessation of electrical storm for 24 hours.ResultsUpon chart review, 27 patients were identified and 11 met inclusion criteria. Cessation of electrical storm for 24 hours was achieved in 90% (n=10) of patients after left SGB. Similarly, 90% (n=10) had no documented episodes of ventricular arrhythmias requiring intervention within 6 hours after SGB.ConclusionsSGBs can interrupt or treat electrical storm. SGB catheters allow for prolonged arrhythmia cessation without repeated blocks and decrease the risk of repeat episodes of ventricular arrhythmias.
Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy versus fluticasone/salmeterol fixed-dose treatment in patients with COPD
Authors: Muiser Susan , Imkamp Kai , Seigers Dianne , Halbersma Nynke J , Vonk Judith M , Luijk Bart H D , Braunstahl Gert-Jan , van den Berg Jan-Willem , Kroesen Bart-Jan , Kocks Janwillem W H , Heijink Irene H , Reddel Helen K , Kerstjens Huib A M , van den Berge Maarten 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMaintenance and reliever therapy (MART) with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol effectively reduces exacerbations in asthma. We aimed to investigate its efficacy compared with fixed-dose fluticasone/salmeterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsPatients with COPD and ≥1 exacerbation in the previous 2 years were randomly assigned to open-label MART (Spiromax budesonide/formoterol 160/4.5 µg 2 inhalations twice daily+1 prn) or fixed-dose therapy (Diskus fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination (FSC) 500/50 µg 1 inhalation twice daily+salbutamol 100 µg prn) for 1 year. The primary outcome was rate of moderate/severe exacerbations, defined by treatment with oral prednisolone and/or antibiotics.ResultsIn total, 195 patients were randomised (MART Bud/Form n=103; fixed-dose FSC n=92). No significant difference was seen between MART and FSC therapy in exacerbation rates (1.32 vs 1.32 /year, respectively, rate ratio 1.05 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.39); p=0.741). No differences in lung function parameters or health status were observed. Total ICS dose was significantly lower with MART than FSC therapy (budesonide-equivalent 928 µg/day vs 1747 µg/day, respectively, p<0.05). Similar proportions of patients reported adverse events (MART Bud/Form: 73% vs fixed-dose FSC: 68%, p=0.408) and pneumonias (MART: 5% vs FSC: 1%, p=0.216).ConclusionsThis first study of MART in COPD found that budesonide/formoterol MART might be similarly effective to fluticasone/salmeterol fixed-dose therapy in moderate to severe patients with COPD, at a lower daily ICS dosage. Further evidence is needed about long-term safety.
The effects of running gravitational coupling on three dimensional black holes
Authors: Rincón Ángel , Koch Benjamin , Laporte Cristobal , Canales Felipe , Cruz Norman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present work, we investigate the consequences of running gravitational coupling on the properties of the three-dimensional BTZ black hole. We take as starting point the functional form of gravitational coupling obtained in the context of asymptotic safe gravity theory. By using the standard scale setting relation where $$k\sim \xi /r^n$$

k
∼
ξ
/

r
n

, we compute the solution of the Einstein field equations. We get and analyze the horizon and the thermodynamic properties of this new class of black hole solutions. The impact of the scale-dependent parameter $$\xi $$
ξ
on the cosmological “constant” and metric functions are briefly discussed. We find that the null energy condition is also violated in this setup when scale-dependent gravity and Newton’s coupling (coming from the asymptotic safety scenario of gravity) are simultaneously taken into account.
FlexPointer: Fast Address Translation Based on Range TLB and Tagged Pointers
Authors: Chen Dongwei , Tong Dong , Yang Chun , Yi Jiangfang , Cheng Xu 
Published: February 2023

Page-based virtual memory relies on TLBs to accelerate the address translation. Nowadays, the gap between application workloads and the capacity of TLB continues to grow, bringing many costly TLB misses and making the TLB a performance bottleneck. Previous studies seek to narrow the gap by exploiting the contiguity of physical pages. One promising solution is to group pages that are both virtually and physically contiguous into a memory range. Recording range translations can greatly increase the TLB reach, but ranges are also hard to index because they have arbitrary bounds. The processor has to compare against all the boundaries to determine which range an address falls in, which restricts the usage of memory ranges.In this article, we propose a tagged-pointer-based scheme, FlexPointer, to solve the range indexing problem. The core insight of FlexPointer is that large memory objects are rare, so we can create memory ranges based on such objects and assign each of them a unique ID. With the range ID integrated into pointers, we can index the range TLB with IDs and greatly simplify its structure. Moreover, because the ID is stored in the unused bits of a pointer and is not manipulated by the address generation, we can shift the range lookup to an earlier stage, working in parallel with the address generation. According to our trace-based simulation results, FlexPointer can reduce nearly all the L1 TLB misses, and page walks for a variety of memory-intensive workloads. Compared with a 4K-page baseline system, FlexPointer shows a 14% performance improvement on average and up to 2.8x speedup in the best case. For other workloads, FlexPointer shows no performance degradation.
E. T. A. Hoffmann e o ideal de ópera romântica: o libreto de Undine à luz de seus escritos críticos
Authors: Stervid Beatriz 
Published: February 2023

Neste artigo é desenvolvida uma breve análise da ópera Undine (1816), do compositor e escritor alemão E.T.A. Hoffmann (1776-1822), com libreto de Friedrich de La Motte-Fouqué (1777-1843), com o intuito de verificar as relações entre essa obra e a reflexão sobre ópera realizada por Hoffmann em seus escritos críticos. Em muitos de seus ensaios de caráter ficcional, bem como em suas resenhas de crítica musical, Hoffmann desenvolve uma discussão sobre questões concernentes ao gênero operístico, fazendo uso do termo “romântico” para designar seus ideais estéticos. Tendo em vista que Undine é considerada uma das primeiras óperas românticas alemãs, propomos uma análise das seguintes questões: em primeiro lugar, o que Hoffmann entendia por “ópera romântica”? Em segundo, em que medida Undine reflete seus ideais estéticos, especificamente quanto ao libreto e a sua relação com a música? Espera-se evidenciar essa provável relação entre teoria e prática como um caminho possível de investigação das raízes do Romantismo na ópera de tradição alemã.