bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deriving and validating an asthma diagnosis prediction model for children and young people in primary care
Authors: Daines Luke , Bonnett Laura J , Tibble Holly , Boyd Andy , Thomas Richard , Price David , Turner Steve W , Lewis Steff C , Sheikh Aziz , Pinnock Hilary 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Accurately diagnosing asthma can be challenging. We aimed to derive and validate a prediction model to support primary care clinicians assess the probability of an asthma diagnosis in children and young people. Methods: The derivation dataset was created from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) linked to electronic health records. Participants with at least three inhaled corticosteroid prescriptions in 12-months and a coded asthma diagnosis were designated as having asthma. Demographics, symptoms, past medical/family history, exposures, investigations, and prescriptions were considered as candidate predictors. Potential candidate predictors were included if data were available in ≥60% of participants. Multiple imputation was used to handle remaining missing data. The prediction model was derived using logistic regression. Internal validation was completed using bootstrap re-sampling. External validation was conducted using health records from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database (OPCRD). Results: Predictors included in the final model were wheeze, cough, breathlessness, hay-fever, eczema, food allergy, social class, maternal asthma, childhood exposure to cigarette smoke, prescription of a short acting beta agonist and the past recording of lung function/reversibility testing. In the derivation dataset, which comprised 11,972 participants aged <25 years (49% female, 8% asthma), model performance as indicated by the C-statistic and calibration slope was 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–0.87 and 1.00, 95% CI 0.95–1.05 respectively. In the external validation dataset, which included 2,670 participants aged <25 years (50% female, 10% asthma), the C-statistic was 0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.88, and calibration slope 1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.35. Conclusions: We derived and validated a prediction model for clinicians to calculate the probability of asthma diagnosis for a child or young person up to 25 years of age presenting to primary care. Following further evaluation of clinical effectiveness, the prediction model could be implemented as a decision support software.
Effects of the ketogenic diet on multiple sclerosis with a focus on the paediatric population
Authors: Szponarowicz Patrycja , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Rzeszutko Mateusz , Snopkowski Bartosz , Panek Eliasz , Jasłowski Damian , Panasiuk Dominika , Korzec Tomasz , Sosnowski Jakub , Skrętowicz Mateusz 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and Purpose:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that damages the nervous system. Although MS is usually diagnosed in adults, it can also occur in children and adolescents, which presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In recent years, attention has been drawn to the role of diet in alleviating MS symptoms, including in the pediatric population. The ketogenic diet, characterized by low carbohydrate intake, high fat intake, and moderate protein intake, is of interest as an additional therapeutic approach in MS due to its effects on metabolism and reduction of inflammation in the body.

Materials and methods:
This article reviews the literature on the impact of the ketogenic diet on MS, with particular emphasis on its impact on the course of MS in the pediatric population. Articles were searched by key words, e.g. multiple sclerosis, paediatrics, children, diet, ketogenic diet, in various configurations, in Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar databases.

Current state of knowledge:
While there are several studies on the effects of the ketogenic diet, including those on MS in children, the results are inconclusive and require further research. Some publications suggest that the ketogenic diet can help alleviate MS symptoms, such as problems with balance and coordination, and improve patients' quality of life.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, the ketogenic diet may be a promising approach in the treatment of pediatric MS, but requires further research and careful assessment of benefits and risks before its introduction into therapy.
IT-Compliance in KMU – Eine Methode zum angepassten Einsatz von Rahmenwerken
Authors: Deistler Nico 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Transformation von Geschäftsprozessen und die stärkere Integration von IT-Systemen führen zu Chancen und Risiken für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU). Risiken, die zu fehlender IT-Governance, Risk und Compliance (GRC) führen können. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Design- und Evaluierungsphase der Erstellung eines Artefakts darzustellen. Dabei wird der Design Science Research Ansatz nach Hevner verwendet. Das Artefakt wird für die Auswahl von Standards entwickelt, indem KMU-relevante Ausprägungen und bestehende Rahmenwerke auf die definierten Kriterien angepasst werden
Ambidextrie entlang der Wertschöpfungskette – Digitale Innovation in der Lebensmittelindustrie
Authors: Buck Christoph , Kreuzer Thomas , Rex Alexander , Teuchert Antonie 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Lebensmittelindustrie steht aufgrund komplexer, internationaler Lieferketten, einem gesellschaftlich relevanten Versorgungsauftrag bei gleichzeitig verderblichen Produkten, und steigender Anforderungen durch Endverbraucher:innen an Nachhaltigkeit vor großen Herausforderungen. Die zunehmende Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft verschärft diese Problematik, da sie neue Abhängigkeiten schafft und Erwartungen der Endverbraucher:innen weiter erhöht. Im Gegensatz dazu bieten digitale Innovationen aber auch große Potenziale, um die Herausforderungen zu adressieren. So werden digitale Technologien von einzelnen Akteur:innen der Wertschöpfungskette für Lebensmittel einerseits bereits zur inkrementellen Verbesserung von Produktionsprozessen und andererseits für die Schaffung völlig neuer Geschäftsmodelle und Services rund um digitale Einkaufserlebnisse genutzt. Digitale Innovationen auf Ebene einzelner Akteur:innen reichen jedoch nicht aus, um die weitreichenden Herausforderungen der Lebensmittelindustrie vollständig zu bewältigen. Vielmehr gilt es, die stärkere Vernetzung und Konnektivität durch digitale Technologien zu nutzen, um digitale Innovation auf ganzheitlicher Ebene und entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette voranzutreiben. Wie daraus hervorgehende Nutzenpotenziale digitaler Innovation gehoben werden können, ist aus wissenschaftlicher und praktischer Perspektive noch ungeklärt. Dementsprechend ist es das Ziel unserer Arbeit, auf Basis einer Interviewstudie zu untersuchen, welche Nutzenpotenziale digitale Innovationen für einzelne Akteur:innen und die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette für Lebensmittel bereithalten und welche praktischen Handlungsempfehlungen sich daraus für Entscheidungsträger:innen ergeben. Dabei wollen wir darauf eingehen, wie sich Ambidextrie entlang der Wertschöpfungskette entfaltet und wie diese zukünftig bei der Adressierung der Herausforderungen helfen kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag hebt sich somit von bestehenden Arbeiten ab, da wir das Potenzial digitaler Innovation nicht nur aus Perspektive einzelner Akteur:innen, sondern entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette untersuchen.
Patterns of contraceptive use through later reproductive years: A cohort study of Australian women with chronic disease
Authors: Harris Melissa L. , Egan Nicholas , Forder Peta M. , Bateson Deborah , Loxton Deborah 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPregnancies among women with chronic disease are associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. There is a need to understand how women use or don’t use contraception across their reproductive years to better inform the development of preconception care strategies to reduce high risk unintended pregnancies, including among women of older reproductive age. However, there is a lack of high-quality longitudinal evidence to inform such strategies. We examined patterns of contraceptive use among a population-based cohort of reproductive aged women and investigated how chronic disease influenced contraceptive use over time.Methods and findingsContraceptive patterns from 8,030 women of reproductive age from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (1973–78 cohort), who were at potential risk of an unintended pregnancy were identified using latent transition analysis. Multinomial mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between contraceptive combinations and chronic disease. Contraception non-use increased between 2006 and 2018 but was similar between women with and without chronic disease (13.6% vs. 12.7% among women aged 40–45 years in 2018). When specific contraceptive use patterns were examined over time, differences were found for women with autoinflammatory diseases only. These women had increased odds of using condom and natural methods (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.44), and sterilisation and other methods (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.39) or no contraception (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.66), compared to women without chronic disease using short-acting methods and condoms.ConclusionPotential gaps in the provision of appropriate contraceptive access and care exist for women with chronic disease, particularly for women diagnosed with autoinflammatory conditions. Development of national guidelines as well as a clear coordinated contraceptive strategy that begins in adolescence and is regularly reviewed during care management through their main reproductive years and into perimenopause is required to increase support for, and agency among, women with chronic disease.
Levels and determinants of quality antenatal care in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Akter Ema , Hossain Aniqa Tasnim , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Ahmed Anisuddin , Tahsina Tazeen , Tanwi Tania Sultana , Nusrat Nowrin , Nahar Quamrun , Arifeen Shams El , Chowdhury Mahbub Elahi 
Published: May 2023

Background
Assessing the quality of antenatal care (ANC) is imperative for improving care provisions during pregnancy to ensure the health of mother and baby. In Bangladesh, there is a dearth of research on ANC quality using nationally representative data to understand its levels and determinants. Thus, the current study aimed to assess ANC quality and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the usage of quality ANC services in Bangladesh.

Methods
Secondary data analysis was conducted using the last two Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) from 2014 and 2017–18. A total of 8,277 ever-married women were included in the analysis (3,631 from 2014 and 4,646 from 2017–18). The quality ANC index was constructed using a principal component analysis on the following ANC components: weight and blood pressure measurements, blood and urine test results, counselling about pregnancy complications and completion of a minimum of four ANC visits, one of which was performed by a medically trained provider. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the strength of the association.

Results
The percentage of mothers who received all components of quality ANC increased from about 13% in 2014 to 18% in 2017–18 (p < 0.001). Women from the poorest group, those in rural areas, with no education, a high birth order and no media exposure were less likely to receive high-quality ANC than those from the richest group, those from urban areas, with a higher level of education, a low birth order and media exposure, respectively.

Conclusion
Although the quality of ANC improved from 2014 to 2017–18, it remains poor in Bangladesh. Therefore, there is a need to develop targeted interventions for different socio-demographic groups to improve the overall quality of ANC. Future interventions should address both the demand and supply-side perspectives.
Concomitant western diet and chronic-binge alcohol dysregulate hepatic metabolism
Authors: Buyco Delfin Gerard , Dempsey Joseph L. , Scorletti Eleonora , Jeon Sookyoung , Lin Chelsea , Harkin Julia , Bayen Susovon , Furth Emma E. , Martin Jasmin , Delima Monique , Hooks Royce , Sostre-Colón Jaimarie , Gharib Sina A. , Titchenell Paul M. , Carr Rotonya M. 
Published: May 2023

Background and aims
There is significant overlap between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) with regards to risk factors and disease progression. However, the mechanism by which fatty liver disease arises from concomitant obesity and overconsumption of alcohol (syndrome of metabolic and alcohol-associated fatty liver disease; SMAFLD), is not fully understood.

Methods
Male C57BL6/J mice were fed chow diet (Chow) or high-fructose, high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (FFC) for 4 weeks, then administered either saline or ethanol (EtOH, 5% in drinking water) for another 12 weeks. The EtOH treatment also consisted of a weekly 2.5 g EtOH/kg body weight gavage. Markers for lipid regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis were measured by RT-qPCR, RNA-seq, Western blot, and metabolomics.

Results
Combined FFC-EtOH induced more body weight gain, glucose intolerance, steatosis, and hepatomegaly compared to Chow, EtOH, or FFC. Glucose intolerance by FFC-EtOH was associated with decreased hepatic protein kinase B (AKT) protein expression and increased gluconeogenic gene expression. FFC-EtOH increased hepatic triglyceride and ceramide levels, plasma leptin levels, hepatic Perilipin 2 protein expression, and decreased lipolytic gene expression. FFC and FFC-EtOH also increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Finally, FFC-EtOH enriched the hepatic transcriptome for genes involved in immune response and lipid metabolism.

Conclusions
In our model of early SMAFLD, we observed that the combination of an obesogenic diet and alcohol caused more weight gain, promoted glucose intolerance, and contributed to steatosis by dysregulating leptin/AMPK signaling. Our model demonstrates that the combination of an obesogenic diet with a chronic-binge pattern alcohol intake is worse than either insult alone.
Apolipoprotein E genetic variation, atherogenic index and cardiovascular disease risk assessment in an African population: An analysis of HIV and malaria patients in Ghana
Authors: Thomford Nicholas Ekow , Anyanful Akwasi , Ateko Richmond Owusu , Blackhurst Dee , Biney Robert Peter , Boadi Dennis , Nyarko Samuel Badu , Ekor Martins , Kyei George Boateng 
Published: May 2023

Background
Apolipoprotein E is involved in lipid transport and clearance of lipoprotein through low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). ApoE variation has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There are 3 isoforms of ApoE which originate from two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms denoted as ε2, ε3 and ε4. The ε2 isoform is implicated in higher levels of atherogenic lipoprotein with the ε4 isoform causing LDLR downregulation. This leads to variable effects and differential CVD risk. Malaria and HIV are life-threatening diseases affecting several countries globally especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasite and viral activities have been implicated in lipid dysregulation leading to dyslipidaemia. This study examined ApoE variation and CVD risk assessment in malaria and HIV patients.

Methods
We compared 76 malaria-only, 33 malaria-HIV coinfected, 21-HIV-only and 31 controls from a tertiary health facility in Ghana. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for ApoE genotyping and lipid measurements. Clinical and laboratory data were collected with ApoE genotyping performed using Iplex Gold microarray and PCR-RFLP. Cardiovascular disease risk was calculated using the Framingham BMI and cholesterol risk and Qrisk3 tools.

Results
The frequency of C/C genotype for rs429358 was 9.32%, whiles T/T genotype for rs7412 was found in 2.48% of all participants. ε3/ε3 was the most distributed ApoE genotype accounting for 51.55% of the total participants whiles ε2/ε2 was found in 2.48% of participants, with 1 in malaria-only and 3 in HIV-only patients. There was a significant association between ε4+ and high TG (OR = 0.20, CI; 0.05–0.73; p = 0.015), whiles ε2+ was significantly associated with higher BMI (OR; 0.24, CI; 0.06–0.87; p = 0.030) and higher Castelli Risk Index II in females (OR = 11.26, CI; 1.37–92.30; p = 0.024). A higher proportion of malaria-only participants had a moderate to high 10-year CVD risk.

Conclusion
Overall malaria patients seem to have a higher CVD risk though the means through which this occurs may be poorly understood. ε2/ε2 genotypes was observed in our population at a lower frequency. Further studies are vital to determine CVD risk in malaria and how this occurs.
PAPEL FUNDAMENTAL DOS AGROTÓXICOS PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS: ESTUDO SOB O OLHAR DA INTERNET DAS COISAS E DE CASS SUNSTEIN
Authors: Milkiewicz Larissa , Gonçalves Oksandro 
Published: May 2023

Contextualização: Projeções da ONU apontam probabilidade de 80% de que a população mundial esteja entre 8,4 e 8,6 bilhões em 2030 e entre 9,4 e 10 bilhões em 2050. Nesse sentido, projeta-se que a produção de alimentos deverá crescer 60% para atender a demanda mundial, sendo que o agrotóxico, bem como a tecnologia, são ferramentas para garantir esta necessidade.
Objetivo: Analisar o uso e a regulação do agrotóxico no Brasil sob a perspectiva de Cass Sunstein da aplicação do Princípio da Precaução e, por fim, o papel da Internet das Coisas na aplicação precisa do produto para a produção de alimentos.
Metodologia: Utiliza-se de método hipotético dedutivo por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, análise legislativa e documental. Além disso, vale-se de pesquisa empírica qualitativa para análise dos dados da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura e Alimentação quanto ao uso de agrotóxico e a produção anual do Brasil, China, Índia e Estados Unidos, países estes com as maiores produções de alimentos mundialmente.
Resultados: Conclui-se que deve ser considerada condicionante à dignidade humana a eficiência econômica, sem a qual as condições materiais para proporcionar dignidade à população ficam prejudicadas. Demonstrou-se que o Brasil não é o país com maior consumo de agrotóxicos e que o problema reside no uso incorreto, fator que acarreta danos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente pelo não cumprimento das recomendações técnicas, e que a IoT pode funcionar como instrumento para otimizar a produção agrícola mediante uma aplicação precisa de agrotóxico na lavoura.
Role of Diagnostic Laparoscopy in the Evaluation of Blunt Injury to Abdomen in Hemodynamically Stable Patients
Authors: Reethika Thatikonda  , Sathyanarayana Gorthi  , Pranay Baith  , Ali Raza Syed  , Lakshmi Vara Prasad Gaddam  , Vijetha Potru  , Adithya Murthy Ponna  , Manasa Gaini  
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
In this study, we wanted to evaluate the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in the management of blunt injury to abdomen in hemodynamically stable patients.
METHODS
This was a hospital based prospective observational clinical case study conducted among 30 patients who presented with blunt trauma of abdomen to the Department of General Surgery, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, L.B. Nagar, Hyderabad, from September 2019 to September 2021 after obtaining clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent from the study participants. The aim of the study is to assess the role of Diagnostic Laparoscopy in the management of Blunt Injury to Abdomen in Hemodynamically Stable patients. Objective of the study were to assess the incidence of Hollow Viscus Injury not detected by clinical or radiological assessment, incidence of persistent bleed and to assess the incidence of Mesentery injury not detected by clinical or radiological assessment.
RESULTS
The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents (23 cases) 76.66 %, followed by fall from height (3 cases) 9.99 %. Then accidents and assaults which were (2 cases) 2.22 % each. Ongoing bleeding from solid organ injuries was seen intra-operatively in 3 cases (9.99 %). P value = 0.0237 was calculated using Fischer’s exact test and was found to be significant P < 0.05. Most common grade of liver injury was Grade 1- 37.75 % followed by grade 3 - 33.33 %, then grade 2 - 20.8 % and grade 4 - 8.33 %. Grade 1 and grade 2 splenic injuries were more common with 36.36 % (4 cases) each. Followed by grade 3 27.27 % (3 cases). Diagnostic laparoscopy ongoing bleed was noted in 9.99 % (3 cases), followed by mesenteric injury in 6.66 % (2 cases) and hollow viscous perforation in 3.33 % (1 case). Total of 6 therapeutic procedures were done after diagnostic laparoscopy. Out of which, 4 were carried out in laparoscopy (66.66 %) and two were converted from laparoscopy to laparotomy (33.33 %).
CONCLUSIONS
Diagnostic laparoscopy can be carried out in patients of blunt trauma of abdomen, who are hemodynamically stable without any increase in morbidity or mortality. It is a highly useful tool to detect injuries which could not be detected on CT scan. Laparoscopic surgery can be used both as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality. Laparoscopy helps in reducing the negative laparotomies and significant decrease in both morbidity and mortality. With advances in technology and increasing in expertise in laparoscopy, it can be concluded that diagnostic laparoscopy is a valuable modality in the diagnosis and management of patients with blunt trauma to abdomen.
A review of frictional pressure drop characteristics of single phase microchannels having different shapes of cross sections
Authors: Khatoon Bushra , Khan Wasim , Shabih-Ul-Hasan  , Alam M. Siraj 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper theoretically studied pressure drop variation in microchannels having different cross sections (circular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular, elliptical, parallel plate, co-centric circles, hexagonal, wavy, smoothed or rounded corners cross sections, and rhombus) for single phase Newtonian fluid (gas and liquid) flow. Based on 41 years (approximately) prior literature (1981–till now), 249 articles were studied and number of correlations of pressure drop calculation in microchannels with or without friction factor equation for four cross sections i.e., rectangular, square, circular, trapezoidal, wavy and triangular is collected and also mentioned their limitations at one place. Other than these four cross sections, there is very few experimental/numerical works was present in the literature. A comparable study was performed for laminar as well as turbulent friction factor to calculate the pressure drop with the help of classical theory for gas and liquid flow in microchannels with circular and rectangular cross sections. Results show wonderful outcomes i.e., correlations of laminar pressure drop study can be extendable for transition and turbulent regime in both types (circular and rectangular) of cross sections of microchannels. In different types of flow regime, it is suggested that for each type of cross section (circular and rectangular) we can go for single correlation for gas/liquid system. It is also investigated that the macro channels pressure drop equations can be used for microchannels up to the certain values of Reynolds number. Basically, this paper provides all possible equations of friction factor related to the microchannels that helps to calculate the pressure drop, is collected at one platform also compared their deviation with conventional channels.