bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FURIN suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage autophagy
Authors: Chen Hongping , Zhang Lihui , Mi Shaohua , Wang Hua , Wang Chunxiao , Jia Wenjuan , Gong Lei , Dong Haibin , Xu Bowen , Jing Yanyan , Ge Peipei , Pei Zhigang , Zhong Lin , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFURIN, a member of the mammalian proprotein convertases (PCs) family, can promote the proteolytic maturation of proproteins. It has been shown that FURIN plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Current evidence indicates that autophagy widely participates in atherogenesis. This study aimed to explore whether FURIN could affect atherogenesis via autophagy. The effect of FURIN on autophagy was studied using aortic tissues from aortic dissection patients who had BENTALL surgery, as well as macrophages and ApoE−/− mice. In atherosclerotic plaques of aortic tissues from patients, FURIN expression and autophagy were elevated. In macrophages, FURIN‐shRNA and FURIN‐overexpression lentivirus were used to intervene in FURIN expression. The results showed that FURIN overexpression accelerated LC3 formation in macrophages during the autophagosome formation phase. Furthermore, FURIN‐induced autophagy resulted in lower lipid droplet concentrations in macrophages. The western blot revealed that FURIN regulated autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1/PI3KIII signaling pathway. In vivo, FURIN overexpression resulted in increased macrophage LC3 formation in ApoE−/− mice atherosclerotic plaques, confirming that FURIN could inhibit the progression of AS by promoting macrophage autophagy. The present study demonstrated that FURIN suppressed the progression of AS by promoting macrophage autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1/PI3KIII signaling pathway, which attenuated atherosclerotic lesion formation. Based on this data, current findings add to our understanding of the complexity of AS.
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome After COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Abbate Gerardina , De Iulio Beatrice , Thomas Georgia , Priday Anna , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Markley Roshanak , Abbate Antonio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a clinical syndrome of inappropriate increase in heart rate on standing that has been recently also associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as part of the postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long-COVID. We herein aimed to systematically review reported cases of POTS after COVID-19 and determine the characteristics of the subjects, the diagnostic approach used, and the treatment strategies. We searched the literature according to the following criteria: (1) diagnosis of POTS according to standard definition; (2) timely association with a probable or definite diagnosis of COVID-19; and (3) a description of the individual subject(s). We identified 21 reports meeting criteria between March 2020 and September 2022, including 68 subjects (51 females and 17 males, 3:1 ratio) with a mean age of 34 ± 12 years, with reports deriving from the United States, Norway, Sweden, Israel, Ireland, United Kingdom, Singapore, and Japan. Most cases had mild COVID-19 symptoms. The most common POTS symptoms were palpitations, chest pain, lightheadedness, and debilitating fatigue. The diagnosis was established by means of head-up tilt table or active stand test. Nonpharmacologic treatments (fluids, sodium intake, and compression stockings) were virtually always used, but largely ineffective. Subjects received different treatments, the most common being beta-adrenergic blockers (ie, propranolol), mineral corticosteroids (ie, fludrocortisone), midodrine, and ivabradine. Symptoms tended to improve over time, but most patients remained symptomatic for several months. In conclusion, POTS after COVID-19 is a clinical condition affecting young individuals, and disproportionately young women, occurring as part of PASC—long-COVID, often debilitating, which can be easily diagnosed with a thorough clinical assessment and measuring changes in orthostatic heart rate and blood pressure. POTS after COVID-19 seems to be poorly responsive to nonpharmacological treatments but with symptoms improving with pharmacological interventions. Given the limited data available, additional research is urgently needed with respect to its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments.
A Novel Dissection Method of the Internal Mammary (Thoracic) Artery: Anastomotic Vessel of the DIEP Flap
Authors: Sakai Shigeki , Yuzaki Ikki , Nagashima Hayato , Kajita Hiroki , Kiuchi Tomoki , Ishii Naohiro , Matsuzaki Kyoichi , Takatsume Yoshifumi , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: April 2023

Summary:
Deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps are commonly used for breast reconstruction using autologous tissue. For such free flaps, the internal mammary artery provides stable blood flow as the recipient for anastomosis. We report a novel dissection method of the internal mammary artery. First, the perichondrium and costal cartilage of the sternocostal joint are dissected with electrocautery. Then, the incision on the perichondrium is extended along the cephalic and caudal ends. Next, this C-shaped superficial layer of perichondrium is elevated from the cartilage. The cartilage is incompletely fractured with electrocautery, with the deep layer of perichondrium intact. Then, the cartilage is completely fractured by leverage and removed. The remaining deep layer of perichondrium is incised at the costochondral junction and shifted aside, revealing the internal mammary artery. The preserved perichondrium creates a rabbet joint to protect the anastomosed artery. This method not only enables a more reliable, safer dissection of the internal mammary artery, but also allows reusage of the perichondrium as underlayment in the setting of anastomosis, and coverage for the incised rib edge, protecting the anastomosed vessels.
Changes in Education and Consistency Needed in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Care: Patient and Expert Physician Perspectives
Authors: Sadun Taylor , Scott Victoria C. S. , Ackerman A. Lenore , Anger Jennifer T. , Kim Ja-Hong 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
This study seeks to identify barriers to care and possible interventions to improve the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections.

Materials and Methods:
Focus groups of twenty-nine women with recurrent urinary tract infections and interviews of fifteen expert physicians subspecializing in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery were performed to assess the current management paradigm. The data were analyzed using the grounded theory methodology. Qualitative studies of physicians and their patients with recurrent urinary tract infection were analyzed in parallel, elucidating areas of convergent and divergent thought and allowing the investigators to identify pertinent areas for clinical improvement.

Results:
Qualitative analysis of the transcripts identified 3 preliminary themes: patients harbored fear; patients often received fragmented and inconsistent care for acute urinary tract infections; and patients and experts were both frustrated by limited management options and guidance for a chronic problem. Emergent themes included the need for increased patient and physician education in urinary tract infection pathophysiology and treatment and the need for a uniform multidisciplinary approach by experts and primary care physicians.

Conclusions:
We have identified 2 critical needs in the care of women who suffer from recurrent urinary tract infections. These deficiencies are ameliorated with clear delineation of physician roles in patient management by urologists, primary care physicians, and infectious disease specialists. Our data support the concept that a team-based approach that best uses the strengths of each specialty would dramatically improve both the outcomes and experiences of women suffering with this debilitating chronic condition.
Treatment of Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy by Cartilage Graft and Free Adipofascial Flap Combined with 3D Planning and Printing
Authors: He Lin , Liu Xiangyu , Khatter Neil J. , Yu Xueyuan , Washington Kia M. , Shu Maoguo 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Progressive hemifacial atrophy (PHA) is a rare disease characterized by progressive atrophy of skin, soft tissue, muscles, and underlying bone structures. For severe PHA patients with obvious bone deformities, skeletal framework reconstruction is needed in addition to soft tissue augmentation. We propose a new combinatorial surgical method utilizing rib cartilage graft and free adipofascial flap for restoring facial symmetry. To improve the surgical accuracy, preoperative 3D planning and printing was used.

Methods:
Twelve patients with severe facial atrophy were included in our study.3D facial image analyzing were performed preoperatively to quantify the facial asymmetry. Rib cartilages were harvested and sculptured to the appropriate shape created by 3D planning and fixed to the atrophic bone. The circumflex scapular artery based adipofascial flap was transplanted to repair soft tissue deficiency. A residual small monitor flap was left with the adipofascial flap. A revision surgery was performed to perfect the repair if the contour was suboptimal six-month post operatively.

Results:
The adipofascial flaps survived in all 12 patients. All patients achieved good healing without complications. 1 more year after surgery, the rib cartilage was still in position and rarely absorbed. The morphological and volumetric difference between affected side and unaffected side was improved significantly post-operatively. All patients were satisfied with the results and no more additional surgeries were required.

Conclusion:
The combinatorial surgery of rib cartilage graft and free adipofascial flap in the setting of 3D planning and printing can be a good choice in restoring facial symmetry in severe cases of PHA.

Level of evidence:
Therapeutic, V
Human adenovirus lung disease: outbreaks, models of immune-response-driven acute lung injury and pandemic potential
Authors: Radke Jay R. , Cook James L. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
An overview of epidemic, human adenovirus (HAdV) lung infections with proposed studies of the viral/host immune response interface to better understand mechanisms of immunopathogenesis, for development of improved responses to a potential HAdV pandemic.

Recent findings
Emergent HAdV strains 7, 3, 4, 14 are the most common types associated with infection outbreaks. Recent outbreaks have revealed increased community spread, beyond epidemic group settings. The ongoing circulation of these virulent HAdV strains might allow for further HAdV adaptation, with increased HAdV spread and disease severity in the population that could theoretically result in expansion to a pandemic level.

Summary
Public health screening has revealed spread of HAdV outbreak strains to the general community. Despite expanded awareness of viral respiratory diseases during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been limited, systematic monitoring of HAdV infection in the population. The shift in clinical laboratories to a focus on molecular diagnostics and away from classical methods of viral characterization has reduced the distribution of outbreak HAdV strains to the research community to study mechanisms of pathogenesis. This change risks reduced development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies that could be needed in the event of more widespread HAdV epidemics.
Vasoplegic syndrome in cardiovascular surgery; evaluating effects of Sevoflurane and Glibenclamide in a porcine model
Authors: Winter Andreas , Nepper Pascal , Hermann Marcus , Bayer Franziska , Rieß Stephanie , Marinos Spiros , Van Linden Arnaud , Holubec Tomas , Steinbicker Andrea , Zacharowski Kai , Walther Thomas , Emrich Fabian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundVasoplegic syndrome is frequently observed during cardiac surgery and resembles a complication of high mortality and morbidity. There is a clinical need for therapy and prevention of vasoplegic syndrome during complex cardiac surgical procedures. Therefore, we investigated different strategies in a porcine model of vasoplegia.MethodsWe evaluated new medical therapies and prophylaxis to avoid vasoplegic syndrome in a porcine model. After induction of anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass was established through median sternotomy and central cannulation. Prolonged aortic cross-clamping (120 min) simulated a complex surgical procedure. The influence of sevoflurane-guided anesthesia (sevoflurane group) and the administration of glibenclamide (glibenclamide group) were compared to a control group, which received standard anesthesia using propofol. Online hemodynamic assessment was performed using PiCCO®measurements. In addition, blood and tissue samples were taken to evaluate hemodynamic effects and the degree of inflammatory response.ResultsGlibenclamide was able to break through early vasoplegic syndrome by raising the blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance as well as less need of norepinephrine doses. Sevoflurane reduced the occurrence of the vasoplegic syndrome in the mean of stable blood pressure and less need of norepinephrine doses.ConclusionGlibenclamide could serve as a potent drug to reduce effects of vasoplegic syndrome. Sevoflurane anesthesia during cardiopulmonary bypass shows less occurrence of vasoplegic syndrome and therefore could be used to prevent it in high-risk patients.Clinical Perspective; what is new?to our knowledge, this is the first randomized in vivo study evaluating the hemodynamic effects of glibenclamide after the onset of vasoplegic syndromefurthermore according to literature research, there is no study showing the effect of sevoflurane-guided anesthesia on the occurrence of a vasoplegic syndromeClinical Perspective; clinical implications?to achieve better outcomes after complex cardiac surgery there is a need for optimized drug therapy and prevention of the vasoplegic syndrome
Cross-kingdom conservation of Arabidopsis RPS24 function in 18S rRNA maturation
Authors: Cabezas-Fuster Adrián , Micol-Ponce Rosa , Sarmiento-Mañús Raquel , Ponce María Rosa 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTAll 81 ribosomal proteins (RPs) that form the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 80S ribosome are encoded by several paralogous genes. For example, the nearly identical RPS24A and RPS24B proteins are encoded byRPS24AandRPS24B, respectively. Here we explored the functions of RPS24A and RPS24B in Arabidopsis. Their encoding genes exhibit combined haploinsufficiency, as at least two wild-type copies of eitherRPS24AorRPS24Bare required for plant viability and at least three are required for normal plant development. Loss-of-function of either gene caused a pointed-leaf phenotype, a typical phenotype of null or hypomorphic recessive alleles of genes encoding ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) or RPs. We also found that RPS24A and RPS24B act as RBFs during early stages of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation, as loss of RPS24A or RPS24B function reduced the 18S/25S rRNA ratio. An RPS24B-GFP fusion protein predominantly localized to the nucleolus, as expected. Therps24b-2mutation strengthened the phenotypes of the RBF mutantsmRNA transporter4-2andsmall organ4-3, which are defective in 5.8S rRNA maturation. This synergistic interaction might be an effect of increased 45S rDNA transcription, which we also observed in therps24mutants. Therefore, the Arabidopsis RPS24 proteins act as RBFs during 18S rRNA maturation, like their human and yeast putative orthologs. Only two plant RPs were previously shown to act not only as structural components of the ribosome but also as RBFs. We provide evidence that RPS24 proteins also regulate 45S rDNA transcription, which has not been described for their yeast or human orthologs.
Blood and cerebellar abundance ofATXN3splice variants in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease
Authors: Raposo Mafalda , Hübener-Schmid Jeannette , Tagett Rebecca , Ferreira Ana F. , Vieira Melo Ana Rosa , Vasconcelos João , Pires Paula , Kay Teresa , Garcia-Moreno Hector , Giunti Paola , Santana Magda M. , Pereira de Almeida Luis , Infante Jon , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , de Vries Jeroen J. , Faber Jennifer , Klockgether Thomas , Casadei Nicolas , Admard Jakob , Schöls Ludger , Riess Olaf ,   European Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease Initiative (ESMI) study group, Costa Maria do Carmo , Lima Manuela 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3)/Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant polyglutamine disease. SCA3/MJD causative gene,ATXN3, is known to undergo alternative splicing (AS) and 54 transcripts are currently annotated. Differences in the toxicity of ataxin-3 protein isoforms, harbouring on its C-terminus two or three ubiquitin interacting motifs (UIMs), were previously uncovered, raising the hypothesis that specificATXN3splice variants play key roles in promoting the selective toxicity displayed in SCA3/MJD.MethodsUsing RNA-seq datasets we identified and determined the abundance of annotatedATXN3transcripts in blood (n=60) and cerebellum (n=12) of SCA3/MJD subjects and controls.ResultsGlobally, the number and the abundance of individualATXN3transcripts were higher in the cerebellum than in the blood. While the most abundant transcript in the cerebellum was a protein with a coding sequence not defined of unknown function (ATXN3-208), the transcript with the highest abundance in blood was the reference transcript (ATXN3-251) which translates into an ataxin-3 isoform harboring three UIMs. Noteworthy, the abundance ofATXN3-251 andATXN3-214, two out of the four transcripts that encode full-length ataxin-3 protein isoforms but differ in the C-terminus were strongly related with tissue expression specificity:ATXN3-251(3UIM) was expressed in blood 50-fold more than in cerebellum, whereasATXN3-214 (2UIM) was expressed in the cerebellum 20-fold more than in blood.ConclusionsThese findings provide new insights into the elucidation ofATXN3AS in different tissues, contributing for a better understanding of SCA3/MJD pathogenesis and providing information for the development of future effectiveATXN3mRNA-lowering therapies.
A comparative analysis of the antiviral response in two bat species reveals conserved and divergent innate immune pathways
Authors: Schneor Lilach , Kaltenbach Stefan , Fridman Sivan , Nissan Yomiran , Shuler Gal , Fraimovitch Evgeny , Kolodziejczyk Aleksandra A. , Weinberg Maya , Donati Giacomo , Teeling Emma C. , Yovel Yossi , Hagai Tzachi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBats host a range of viruses that cause severe disease in humans without displaying clinical symptoms to these infections. The mechanisms of bat adaptation to these viruses are a continuous source of interest but remain largely unknown. To understand the landscape of bat antiviral response in a comprehensive and comparative manner, we studied this response in two bat species - the Egyptian fruit bat and the insectivore Kuhl’s pipistrelle, representing the two major bat subordinal clades. We profiled the transcriptional response to dsRNA – that triggers a rapid innate immune response – in skin fibroblasts from a large cohort of replicates from each bat species, using RNA-sequencing, and compared bat response with responses in primates and rodents. Both bat species upregulate a similar set of genes, many of which are known to be involved in the antiviral response across mammals. However, a subset of these genes is transcriptionally divergent in response between the two bat species.These transcriptionally divergent genes also evolve rapidly in coding sequence across the bat clade and have particular regulatory and functional characteristics, including specific promoter architectures and association with expression programs thought to underlie tolerance and resistance in response to viral infection. In addition, using single-cell transcriptomics, we show that transcriptionally divergent genes display high expression variability between individual cells. A focused analysis of dsRNA-sensing pathways further points to significant differences between bat and human in basal expression of genes important for triggering antiviral responses. Finally, a survey of genes recently lost or duplicated in bats points to a limited set of antiviral genes that have undergone rapid gene loss or gain in bats, with the latter group resulting in paralogs displaying divergence in both coding sequence and expression in bat tissues. Our study reveals a largely conserved regulatory program of genes upregulated in response to viral infection across bats and other mammals, and points to a set of genes that evolved rapidly in bats through multiple evolutionary mechanisms. This divergence can contribute to bat adaptation to viral infection and provides directions to understanding the mechanisms behind it.
Effect of consumer self-discrepancy on materialism and impulse buying: the role of subjective well-being
Authors: Pupelis Linas , Šeinauskienė Beata 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis study aims to explore how and why self-discrepancy affects materialism and impulsive buying and the extent to which subjective well-being mediates the relationship between self-discrepancy, materialism and impulsive buying.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have tested the hypothesis with a convenience sample (N = 434) from Lithuania. Descriptive analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), serial mediation hypothesis tested with model 81 from regression-based path analysis modeling tool PROCESS Macro for IBM® SPSS® Statistics 24.7 statistical software.FindingsThe serial and parallel mediation analysis results indicated that greater self-discrepancy was related to poorer life satisfaction, which was related to greater materialism centrality, which promoted greater impulsive buying. Also, the greater the self-discrepancy, caused more occurrence of negative affect, which relates to increased materialism happiness, which triggers impulsive buying. Self-discrepancy was negatively associated with the frequency of positive affect, which was positively related to materialism, which stimulates impulsive buying.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was dominated by younger respondents. The survey was conducted during the lockdown of the Covid-19 virus pandemic.Originality/valueThere is little empirical evidence to support the reasoning behind why self-discrepancy predicts a higher degree of materialism, which increases impulsive buying. This study suggests the mechanism of how subjective well-being affects relationships of self-discrepancy on materialism and impulsive buying.