bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and structural characterisation of a family GH5 cellulase from endosymbiont of shipworm P. megotara
Authors: Junghare Madan , Manavalan Tamilvendan , Fredriksen Lasse , Leiros Ingar , Altermark Bjørn , Eijsink Vincent G.H. , Vaaje-Kolstad Gustav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Cellulases play a key role in enzymatic conversion of plant cell-wall polysaccharides into simple and economically relevant sugars. The discovery of novel cellulases from exotic biological niches is of interest as they may present properties that are valuable in biorefining of lignocellulose.
Results
We have characterized a glycoside hydrolase 5 (GH5) domain of a bi-catalytic GH5-GH6 multidomain enzyme from the unusual bacterial endosymbiont Teredinibacter waterbury of the wood-digesting shipworm Psiloteredo megotara. The cellulase enzyme, TwCel5, was produced with and without a native C-terminal family 10 carbohydrate-binding module belongs to GH5, subfamily 2. Both variants showed hydrolytic endo-activity on soluble substrates such as, β-glucan, carboxymethylcellulose and konjac glucomannan. However, low activity was observed towards crystalline form of cellulose. Interestingly, when co-incubated with a cellulose active LPMO, a clear synergy was observed that boosted hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. The crystal structure of the GH5 catalytic domain was solved to 1.0 Å resolution and revealed a substrate binding cleft containing a putative +3 subsite, which is uncommon in this enzyme family. The enzyme TwCel5 was active in a wide range of pH and temperatures and showed high tolerance for NaCl.
Conclusions
This study provides an important advance on discovery new enzymes from shipworm and shed new light on biochemical and structural characterization of cellulolytic cellulase and showed boost in hydrolytic activity of cellulase on crystalline cellulose when co-incubated with cellulose active LPMO. These findings will be relevant for the development of future enzyme cocktail that may be useful for the biotechnological conversion of lignocellulose.
District Nurses’ Experiences with Involuntary Treatment in Dementia Care at Home: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Moermans Vincent R.A. , Hamers Jan P.H. , Verbeek Hilde , de Casterlé Bernadette Dierckx , Milisen Koen , Bleijlevens Michel H.C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Research shows that half of the persons living with dementia (PLWD) receive care which they resist and/or have not given consent to, defined as involuntary treatment. District nurses play a key role in providing this care. Knowledge about how district nurses experience involuntary treatment is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the experiences of district nurses who used involuntary treatment to PLWD at home.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. Sixteen district nurses with experience in involuntary treatment for PLWD were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven.
Results
District nurses’ experience with involuntary treatment were influenced by their involvement in the decision-making process. When they were involved, they considered involuntary treatment use to be appropriate care. However, at the moment that involuntary treatment use was started, district nurses were worried that its use was unjust since they wished to respect the wishes of the PLWD. Eventually district nurses found from a professional perspective that involuntary treatment use was necessary, and that safety outweighed the autonomy of the PLWD. District nurses experienced dealing with this dilemma’s as stressful, due to conflicting values. If district nurses were not involved in the decision-making process regarding the use of involuntary treatment, family caregivers generally decided on the use. Often district nurses perceived this request as inappropriate dementia care and they first tried to create a dialogue with them to reach a compromise. However, in most cases, family caregivers stood by their request and the district nurse still provided involuntary treatment and found this difficult to tolerate.
Conclusions
Our results show that district nurses experience involuntary treatment use as stressful due to dealing with obverse values of safety versus autonomy. To prevent involuntary treatment use and obverse values, we need to increase their ethical awareness, communication skills, knowledge and skills with person-centered care so they can deal with situations that can evolve into involuntary treatment use in a person-centered manner.
Tracking tumor alteration in glioma through serum fibroblast activation protein combined with image
Authors: Yang Xiao-song , zhu Peng , Xie Rong-Xing , Chen Peng-fei , Liu Hong , Cheng Xiao-Man , Zhu Zheng-Quan , Peng Xiao-min , Liu Hai-bin , Yang Qun-Ying , Li Jun-Qi , Zhang Ji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose Detecting tumor progression remains difficult in patients with glioma. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in gliomas has been showed to promote tumor progression. Glioma-circulating biomarkers have not yet been used in clinical practice. This study seeks to evaluate the feasibility of glioma detection using a serum FAP marker.
Methods We adopted enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) to determine serum FAP level in 87 gliomas. The relationship between preoperative serum FAP levels and postoperative pathology, as well as molecular pathology was investigated. Serial FAP tests were performed in 33 malignant gliomas to see if they could track the disease when compared to image findings. Immunohistochemistry was performed on four gliomas using a FAP-specific antibody to confirm FAP expression in tumors. Therelationship between tumor burden as determined by volumetric analysis and serum FAP level was investigated.
Results Serum FAP was significantly elevated in a large proportion of gliomas, was closely related to histopathology and molecular pathology, and longitudinally fluctuated and varied with the disease stage. The significant increase in serum FAP was associated with tumor progression and/or worsening symptoms.
Conclusions Serum FAP can be used to detect the disease as a biomarker. Its detection in conjunction with MR imaging may allow for more precise and immediate diagnosis.
Robotic endoscope with double-balloon and double-bend tube for colonoscopy
Authors: Takamatsu Toshihiro , Endo Yuto , Fukushima Ryodai , Yasue Tatsuki , Shinmura Kensuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Takemura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The insertion of conventional colonoscopes can result in the patient experiencing pain during the procedure owing to the stretching of the mesentery. In this study, a prototype of a robotic colonoscope with a double-balloon and double-bend tube based on the conventional double-balloon endoscope was developed to simplify insertion and prevent the overstretching of the colon. The outer and inner tubes were confirmed to be free from interference owing to wires and sheaths. Additionally, each function such as tip bending, inflation and deflation of the balloons, and pulling and pushing of the inner tube by the actuator could be operated properly. During the insertion test, the device could be reached the cecum of a colon model in approximately 442 s when operated by a non-medical operator. In addition, the device did not overstretch the colon model, thereby suggesting that the insertion mechanism can follow the shape of the colon model. Therefore, the developed mechanism can potentially pass through the highly-bent colon without overstretching.
Improving Efficiency of Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells by Constructing Semitransparent Microcavity
Authors: Milani Elmira Annabi , Piralaee Mina , Asgari Asghar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Semitransparent organic solar cells have become attractive recently because of their photon harvesting in the near-infrared and ultraviolet range and passing in the visible light region. Semitransparent organic solar cells with Glass/MoO3/Ag/MoO3/PBDB-T:ITIC/TiO2/Ag/PML/1DPCs structure have been studied in this work and the effects microcavity with 1-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) on the solar cell performance such as the power conversion efficiency, the average visible transmittance, and the color coordinates in the CIE color space are investigated. The drift-diffusion model, including the density of exactions, and their displacement is used to model the devices. The model shows that the presence of microcavity can improve the power conversion efficiency by about %17 in comparison with the absence of microcavity. Although the transmission is decreasing slightly using microcavity does not change the color coordinates much and the device can transmit high-quality light with near-white sensation to the human eye.
Elastic white radish-based cellulose aerogel for efficient oil-water separation
Authors: Fan Yuzhe , Lu Bingyao , Chen Weiliang , Zhang Xutao , Li Xiangqi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The selective adsorption materials are critical for solving the pollution problem caused by oil spills. In this study, a novel white radish-based cellulose aerogel is developed for efficient oil-water separation via a two-step hydrothermal treatment combined with subsequent freeze-drying and hydrophobic modification. The effects of different hydrothermal process on the adsorption capacity and recyclability of aerogels are studied. The results show that the aerogel prepared from white radish has high adsorption capacity (40–101 g/g) for various organic solvents and oil. Owing to the fact that the original parallel structure of cellulose fibers in white radish was inherited, the aerogel exhibits excellent elasticity and can be reused by squeezing-absorbing cycle. In addition, the high hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 142 °) endows the aerogel with a high separation efficiency of 96% to chloroform -water mixture. This environmentally friendly low-cost biomass aerogel is promising for efficient oil-water separation.
Managed music improves the behavior and leukocyte population of dairy cattle.
Authors: Contreras Geraldine , Molina-Barrios Ramón , Hernández-Chavez Juan F. , Quiroz Carlos Abraham Diaz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effects of music in dairy cattle as a function of leukocyte population and voluntary entry into the milking parlor to reduce animal stress.
Methods
The hypothesis to be tested is that the application of music to dairy cattle produces a significant change in the leukocyte counts and voluntary entry into the milking room and trap. An experimental design ABAB was employed, consisting of sessions with and without music within the milking system and management traps of 15 Holstein cattle over a 14-day period. At the end of each period, blood samples were taken for leukocyte analysis. To evaluate the behavior, their voluntary progress to the management traps and milking system was timed. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for related samples with a 95% confidence interval.
Results
When music was played, dairy cattle voluntarily approached the milking system and traps (A1B1 and A2B2, p = 0.000). At the same time, the leukogram showed a significant difference in total leukocyte (P < 0.05) due to increase in lymphocyte concentration.
Conclusion
The hypothesis was verified: the use of music in dairy cattle produces a significant effect on the tested variables.
Faecalibacterium duncaniae A2-165 regulates the expression of butyrate synthesis, ferrous iron uptake, and stress-response genes based on acetate level in early-stationary cultures.
Authors: Verstraeten Sophie , Layec Séverine , Auger Sandrine , Juste Catherine , Henry Céline , Charif Sawiya , Jaszczyszyn Yan , Sokol Harry , Beney Laurent , Langella Philippe , Thomas Muriel , Huillet Eugénie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a promising next-generation probiotic, is one of the most abundant acetate-consuming, butyrate-producing bacteria in the healthy human gut. However, little is known about the gene expression strategies used by this bacterium to adapt to the availability of acetate in the human gut.

Result

We first established a growth model of F. duncaniae A2-165 (previously known as F. prausnitzii A2-165) using batch cultures, under high- and low-acetate conditions. Over late exponential and early stationary phases, the bacteria displayed a growth deficiency and a low butyrate production in low- compared with high-acetate conditions. Using RNA-seq, we compared expression patterns between early stationary and late exponential phases in high- and low-acetate conditions and between high- and low-acetate conditions in the early stationary phase. Functional classification of the low-acetate transcriptome revealed the specific activation of a general stress response, including upregulation of chaperones, toxin-antitoxin type II systems and downregulation of numerous protein synthesis genes. We observed two distinct import system transcriptomes, under low and high-acetate conditions, suggesting major adaptation responses to nutrient-deprived conditions of the early-stationary growth phase. Specifically, in high-acetate conditions, the feoAABC operon encoding one FeoB ferrous iron transporter was strongly activated but not the feoAB gene encoding the second FeoB transporter of F. duncaniae A2-165. This strong activation in early-stationary phase under high-acetate conditions suggested that (i) the level of extracellular ferrous iron is low (ii) FeoAABC system is required for ferrous iron uptake, in this iron-poor environment. Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that excess ferrous iron represses feoB expression (i.e feoAABC operon) but not feoAB expression in high-acetate conditions. Finally, we conducted an integrated analysis of a healthy human fecal metaproteome, in which we were able to detect FeoB peptides from both genus Faecalibacterium and strain A2-165.

Conclusion

We characterized two early-stationary lifestyles of F. duncaniae A2-165 at the transcriptional level, related to acetate consumption and butyrate production. We characterized the regulation of feoAABC operon encoding an high-affinity ferrous iron transporter that may play a major role in iron homeostasis and butyrate synthesis in iron-poor and acetate-rich conditions in F. duncaniae A2-165.
Lights Should Support Circadian Rhythms: Evidence-Based Scientific Consensus
Authors: Moore-Ede Martin , Blask David E. , Cain Sean W. , Heitmann Anneke , Nelson Randy J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For over a hundred years, the lighting industry has primarily been driven by illumination aesthetics, energy efficiency and product cost with little consideration of the effects of light on health. The recent widespread replacement of traditional light sources by blue-enriched LED lights has heightened concerns about the disruption of the blue-sensitive human circadian system by these LED lights and their impact on the multiple health disorders linked to circadian disruption. Despite these health concerns, less than 0.5% of the lighting sold today modifies spectral content and intensity between day and night. We report that 248 scientists, with a total of 2,697 peer-reviewed publications on light and circadian clocks since 2008, reached consensus on 24 statements about the impact of light on circadian rhythms and health based on accumulated scientific evidence, including support for the widespread introduction of circadian lighting and warning labels on blue-enriched LED lights indicating that they “maybe harmful if used at night”.
Determination of acrylamide in commercial baby foods by LC-QqQ-MS/MS: a simple method for routine analyses
Authors: Prata Rafaela , Pérez Marta Vargas , Petrarca Mateus Henrique , Godoy Helena Teixeira , Frenich Antonia Garrido , Romero-González Roberto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the analysis of acrylamide in baby foods. Sample preparation involves a simple acidified aqueous acetonitrile extraction (acetonitrile:water:formic acid, 69/30/1, v/v/v) in combination with dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) using alumina as sorbent. Sufficient linearity (range 20–250 µg kg− 1) in matrix-matched and solvent calibrations, were obtained. The recovery rates for acrylamide ranged from 100 to 108% with coefficients of variation below 10%, under repeatability and reproducibility conditions (within-laboratory). The obtained limit of quantification (20 µg kg− 1) is in accordance with the value set by the European Union (EU) for the method of acrylamide analysis in baby foods. The fitness for purpose of the developed method was demonstrated by analyzing 50 ready-to-eat baby foods available in the Brazilian market. Acrylamide was detected in 13% of samples composed mainly of fruits, whereas it was detected in approximately 37% of baby food composed of meat and/or vegetables. Furthermore, in 2 samples, the detected levels are above the maximum reference value established by the EU (40 µg kg− 1). The study demonstrates that this method can be used for acrylamide detection in routine analysis.
An ethnographic study of Gujjar-Bakarwal Tribe resource management with reference to their local practices and traditional institutions
Authors: Ahmed Arshad , Kheraj  , Ali Amjed , Rani Kiran , Meenaxy  
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Seasonal migration of humans and livestock between different agroecological zones is the oldest pastoralist practice in many mountain regions worldwide, significantly impacting their sustenance and resource management. Gujjar-Bakarwal Tribe, which predominantly lives in the Pir-Panjal range of the Himalayan Mountains in India, also practices seasonal migration for the optimization of its resources within the framework of local practices and traditional institutions. This study explores the role of their local traditions and traditional institutions, such as Jirga (Panchayats Institutions), in managing natural resources accounting for the interdependence of seasons and social life. In addition, it aims at understanding the deterministic role of seasons on the socio-economic life of the Gujjar Bakarwal tribe. It analyses how the practice of transhumance has been sustained in the context of the socio-economic and cultural landscape, seasonality, and climate change. The informal interactions and conversations with local people were crucial sources for understanding sociality according to seasonality. Focus group discussions, individual interviews, and participant observation were used to identify the current local institutions that fit this ethnographic study's nature. The findings indicate that the local practices and traditional institutions (Jirga) in the target area play a significant role in determining and sustaining each socio-economic practice with its distinctive objective and level of importance. It also suggests the measures policy-makers can take to strengthen or supplement these institutions and practices in the present scenario. Present research gives insights into the importance of local practices and traditional institutions amongst the Gujjar-Bakarwal Tribe for sustainable, social, and economic development by effectively managing their natural resources.
Negative feedback regulation of MAPK signaling is an important driver of CLL progression
Authors: Ecker Veronika , Brandmeier Lisa , Stumpf Martina , Giansanti Piero , Moreira Aida Varela , Pfeuffer Lisa , Fens Marcel , Lu Junyan , Küster Bernhard , Engleitner Thomas , Heidegger Simon , Ringshausen Ingo , Zenz Thorsten , Wendtner Clemens , Müschen Markus , Ruland Jürgen , Buchner Maike 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite several potent targeted treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the clinical challenge of treating drug-resistant disease is emerging. In this study, we discovered that the dual-specific phosphatases DUSP1 and DUSP6 are required to negatively regulate Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and thus counterbalance excessive MAPK activity to prevent apoptosis in CLL. We show that DUSP1 and DUSP6 are widely expressed in CLL and high expression of DUSP6 in CLL correlates with a poor clinical prognosis, which may reflect high levels of MAPK activity. Importantly, genetic deletion of the inhibitory phosphatase DUSP1 or DUSP6 and blocking DUSP1/6 function using a small molecule are toxic for CLL cells in vitro and in vivo. Analyzing downstream effects using global phospho-proteome approaches, we observed that acute activation of MAPK signaling by DUSP1/6 inhibition induces DNA damage response and thereby apoptotic cell death in CLL cells. This cell death is mediated by CHK kinases and can function independent of p53 and ATM, both effectors of DNA damage response, which are frequently deleted in CLL. Finally, we observed that DUSP1/6 inhibition is particularly effective against treatment-resistant CLL and therefore suggest transient DUSP1/6 inhibition as a promising novel treatment concept to eliminate drug-resistant CLL cells.
Clinical Impact of Transanal Drainage Tube on Anastomosis Leakage following Minimally Invasive Anterior Resection without Diverting Stoma in Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Sueda Toshinori , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Mori Soichiro , Nishida Kenataro , Yasuyama Akinobu , Nomura Masanori , Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Koga Chikato , Miyagaki Hiromichi , Tsujie Masanori , Akamaru Yusuke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
As one of the most serious complications of rectal cancer (RC) surgery, preventing anastomotic leakage (AL) is crucial. Several studies have suggested a positive role of the transanal drainage tube (TaDT) in AL prevention. However, whether TaDT is beneficial for AL after anterior resection (AR) for RC remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of TaDT on AL following minimally invasive AR without diverting stoma (DS) in patients with RC.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 392 consecutive patients with RC who had undergone minimally invasive AR without DS between 2010 and 2021. Propensity score-matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias.
Results
A TaDT was used in 214 patients overall. After PSM, we enrolled 316 patients. Before PSM, significant group-dependent differences were observed in terms of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, and use of anti-platelet/anti-coagulant agents. The frequency of AL was 7.3% in the overall cohort, and was significantly lower in the TaDT group (3.7%) than in the Non-TaDT group (11.8%). The rate of Grade B AL was significantly lower in the TaDT group than in the Non-TaDT group. However, no significant differences between groups were found for Grade C AL. Moreover, multivariate analysis identified lack of a TaDT as an independent risk factor for AL in the overall and matched cohorts.
Conclusions
These results indicated that TaDT may play a beneficial role in preventing AL, particularly of Grade B, for patients with RC undergoing minimally invasive AR without DS.