bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential utility of renal functional reserve testing in clinical nephrology
Authors: Mueller Thomas F. , Luyckx Valerie A. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to discuss the concept of renal functional reserve (RFR) and its potential relevance in clinical practice.

Recent findings
The RFR is a measure of the change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from baseline to a peak value when the kidney is stimulated to increase its function. This concept has a strong physiologic basis in nephrology and the presence, magnitude or absence of RFR capacity may have prognostic significance in many clinical scenarios where individuals are at risk of hyperfiltration or kidney dysfunction. Unlike in other medical specialties, where organ reserve function is reliably measurable and used routinely, measurement of RFR in nephrology has not been integrated into clinical care. Methodologic challenges including standardization of methods to stimulate GFR and the ability of measures of GFR to discriminate acute dynamic changes in GFR upon kidney stimulation have hampered the robustness and use of RFR measurements in research and clinical care.

Summary
Given the emergence of many new disease-modifying therapies in nephrology, it is imperative that we move forward and develop more robust tools to further our understanding of kidney physiology and pathophysiology, such as the RFR, which should be integrated into research and clinical care to support optimal personalization of therapeutic kidney care strategies.
Optimizing stress-only myocardial perfusion imaging: a clinical prediction model to improve patient selection
Authors: Martineau Patrick J , Pelletier-Galarneau Matthieu , Slomka Piotr , Goertzen Andrew L , Leslie William D 
Published: September 2023

Background
Stress-only single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) offers numerous advantages in terms of improved workflow, cost and radiation reduction but is currently not widely utilized due to challenges in selecting appropriate patients for this technique.

Methods
Data from 5959 individuals were used to derive (N = 4018) and validate (N = 1941) a binomial logistic regression model to predict normal stress MPI studies (stress total perfusion deficit  < 4%, ejection fraction ≥ 50%). Model performance was analyzed using receiver operator characteristic curves. A simplified point-scoring system was developed and its impact on imaging workflow was assessed.

Results
Significant predictors of abnormal vs. normal stress MPI included male sex, age > 65 years, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina, and pharmacological stress. The final model and simplified scoring system were associated with areas under the curve of 0.81 (95% CI 0.79–0.83) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.79–0.82) in the validation group, respectively. Use of the scoring system was estimated to result in a decrease of 56.5% in the number of non-contributory imaging studies acquired with minimal patient rescheduling.

Conclusion
A prediction tool derived from simple clinical information can identify candidates for stress-only MPI studies with a beneficial impact on departmental workflow.
Early Central Venous Catheter Replacement After Candida in Pediatric Intestinal Failure Patients
Authors: Katz Daphna , Jelen Natalia , Xavier de Almeida Alana , Cruz Alberto , Chatani Brandon , Fifi Amanda 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Deferred central venous catheter (CVC) replacement places children with intestinal failure (IF) at risk of complications. We hypothesized that early CVC replacement after uncomplicated candidemia is safe and beneficial.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of children with IF. Patients were divided into early (<7 days after their first negative culture), and late (≥7 days after their first negative culture) CVC replacement following uncomplicated candidemia. We calculated the median time to CVC removal, clearance of infection, CVC replacement or exchange, and duration of the initial hospitalization. The proportion of patients readmitted within 30 days was also calculated, taking note of the number of candida reinfections.

Results:
Early replacement occurred in 18 encounters and late replacement in 21 encounters. The median time in both groups to CVC removal was 3 days (P = 0.949), and clearance of infection was 4 days (P = 0.466). The median time to CVC replacement or exchange in the early group was 4 days, compared to 10 days in the late group (P < 0.001). The median duration of the hospitalization in the early group was 12 days compared to 21 days in the late group (P = 0.011). In total 39% of patients from the early group were readmitted within 30 days compared to 57% from the late group (P = 0.359). None of the patients were reinfected with candida within 30 days.

Conclusion:
Early CVC replacement after uncomplicated candidemia in children with IF decreases hospital stay without increased risk of readmission or reinfection.
The effect of rehabilitation therapies on quality of life and function in individuals with phantom limb pain after lower-limb amputation: A systematic review
Authors: Gane Elise , Petersen Phoebe , Killalea Taylor , Glavinovic Paige , Nash Isabel , Batten Heather 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the existing evidence surrounding the effect of rehabilitation therapies on quality of life (QOL) and function of individuals with a lower-limb amputation and experiencing phantom limb pain (PLP).

Methods:
This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. Four databases were searched with key terms that covered 4 broad areas: phantom limb, lower-limb amputation, rehabilitation interventions, and randomized controlled trial (no date limits). Outcomes of either function or QOL in people receiving rehabilitation for PLP were included. The RoB2.0 risk-of-bias tool was used to rate quality.

Results:
Five studies were included, reporting on QOL (n = 5) and function (n = 3), using interventions including mirror therapy, phantom exercises, and muscle relaxation. The evidence was mixed in direction and significance, and this was likely attributed to by the heterogeneity of interventions and types of outcomes as well as incomplete reporting. There was very low certainty in the effect of these rehabilitation interventions to affect QOL or function.

Conclusion:
The overall effect of rehabilitation interventions on QOL and function is inconclusive because of the variable results across the included randomized controlled trials. More research is needed to explore the impact of interventions beyond the outcome of pain and to establish a clearer conclusion. Including measures of QOL and function as well as pain in studies with people with PLP is encouraged.
The effect of orthosis management on joint instability in knee joint disease: A systematic review
Authors: Murata Kenji , Sakakida Takuma , Kawabata Sora , Yokoyama Moeka , Morishita Yuri , Kita Shunsuke , Kubota Keisuke , Kano Takuma , Kojima Takuma , Terada Hidenobu , Takasu Chiharu , Kanemura Naohiko 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Joint instability is a common finding of clinical importance in patients with knee disease. This literature review aimed to examine the evidence regarding the effect of orthosis management on joint instability in knee joint disease.

Methods:
The detailed protocol for this study was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews in the field of health and social welfare (CRD 42022335360). A literature search was conducted on May 2023, using the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore. A secondary search was manually conducted using Google Scholar to address publication bias. Each database search strategy was described, and the search was conducted by independent reviewers.

Results:
A total of 281 studies were retrieved, 11 articles were included in the systematic review. Of the 11 articles selected, the number of included diseases was 2 for osteoarthritis, 7 for anterior cruciate ligament injuries, and 3 for posterior cruciate ligament injuries. In result, orthosis management may improve self-reported instability and functional assessment in patients with osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament injury, and posterior cruciate ligament injury. However, an objective evaluation of anatomical instability did not indicate an improvement in joint instability.

Conclusion:
The effects of orthosis management on knee instability might improve physical function and self-reported instability.
Going to the Source: Discussions With Early and Mid-Career Faculty From Groups Underrepresented in Biomedical Research to Develop and Enhance CFAR Services
Authors: Delamerced Joseph , Ramirez Leslie , Kimberly Judy A. , Vargas Sara I. , Flanigan Timothy P. , Sanchez Martha C. , Bruciati Kaylyn , So-Armah Kaku 
Published: September 2023

Background:
To include, sustain, and retain HIV-focused early career faculty from groups historically excluded from biomedical research, the Providence/Boston Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) conducted focus groups and individual interviews with early and mid-career faculty to discern their needs.

Methods:
We conducted focus groups and interviews with 15 faculty at institutions affiliated with Providence/Boston CFAR from groups underrepresented in biomedical research. The discussion was guided using the domains of an Asset Bundle Model encompassing scientific human capital, social capital, and financial capital.

Result:
Participants' identities, including their race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and being a parent affected their vision of themselves as scientists. Participants reported confusion or limited training on or access to resources for professional development, hiring staff, meeting NIH reporting requirements, international research, support for working parents, sabbaticals, and addressing workplace conflict or unsupportive work environments. Some described feeling like they were a burden on their mentors who seemed overextended. They identified attributes of effective mentors, such as believing in and investing in the mentee; having the requisite content area expertise and self-confidence; being able to identify mentees needs and meet them where they are; and being consistent, communicative, respectful, and kind. They described a need for additional education and support preresearch and postresearch grant award management.

Conclusions:
To learn how to equitably serve all interested in HIV research, CFARs should engage and include perspectives from scientists who have historically been excluded from biomedical research. Our future work will test, implement, and disseminate the ideas generated by these focus group discussions.
Evidence2Practice (E2P): Leveraging Implementation Science to Promote Careers in HIV Research Among Students From Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Okeke Nwora Lance , Ware Kenric B. , Campbell Russell , Taylor Jamilah , Hung Frances , Questell Caroline , Brickler Mildred P. , Smith Ukamaka D. , Nawas George T. , Hanlen-Rosado Emily , Chan Cliburn , Bosworth Hayden B. , Aifah Angela , Corneli Amy 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The HIV research workforce is not representative of populations most affected by the epidemic. Innovative educational programs are needed to motivate diverse student populations to pursue careers in HIV research.

Methods:
The Duke University Center for AIDS Research Evidence2Practice (E2P) program is a 3-day interactive workshop that introduces students from Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, implementation science, and human-centered design. Participants develop 1-page action plans to increase awareness and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis on their campus. The program was evaluated using a partially mixed-method concurrent equal status study design with pre-program and post-program surveys and in-depth interviews.

Results:
Among the 52 participating students, 44 completed the preworkshop survey, 45 completed the postworkshop survey, and 10 participated in an in-depth interview. Most participants identified as Black or African American and cisgender female. Participating in the E2P program was associated with: (1) an increase in median interest in pursuing a career in HIV research (P < 0.01) and (2) a decrease in median perceived difficulty in starting a career in HIV research (P < 0.01). Several students described that a lack of knowledge about initiating an HIV research career, a perceived lack of qualifications and knowledge about HIV science, and limited experience were major barriers to considering careers in HIV research.

Conclusions:
The E2P program enhanced HBCU students' interest in careers related to HIV research and improved their self-efficacy to pursue such careers. On-campus educational enrichment initiatives, led by active HIV researchers and clinicians, should be a critical part of diversifying the HIV workforce.
Impact of a Multi-Institutional Initiative to Engage Students and Early-Stage Scholars From Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in HIV Research: The Centers for AIDS Research Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pathway Initiative
Authors: Magnus Manya , Segarra Lorena , Robinson Brandi , Blankenship Kim , Corneli Amy , Ghebremichael Musie , Irvin Nathan , McIntosh Roger , Favor Kevin E. , Jordan-Sciutto Kelly L. , Kimberly Judy , Sluis-Cremer Nicolas , Koethe John R. , Newell Alana , Wood Christine , Rana Aadia , Stockman Jamila K. , Sauceda John , Marquez Carina , Chi Benjamin H. , Orellana E. Roberto , Wutoh Anthony , Bowleg Lisa , Greenberg Alan E. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The Centers for AIDS Research Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pathway Initiative (CDEIPI) aims to establish programs to develop pathways for successful careers in HIV science among scholars from underrepresented racial and ethnic populations. This article describes cross-site evaluation outcomes during the first 18 months (July 2021–December 2022) across 15 programs.

Methods:
The aims of the evaluation were to characterize participants, describe feasibility, challenges, and successes of the programs and provide a basis for the generalizability of best practices to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs in the United States. Two primary data collection methods were used: a quarterly programmatic monitoring process and a centrally managed, individual-level, participant quantitative and qualitative survey.

Results:
During the first year of evaluation data collection, 1085 racially and ethnically diverse scholars ranging from the high school to postdoctoral levels applied for CDEIPI programs throughout the United States. Of these, 257 (23.7%) were selected to participate based on program capacity and applicant qualifications. Participants were trained by 149 mentors, teachers, and staff. Of the N = 95 participants responding to the individual-level survey, 95.7% agreed or strongly agreed with statements of satisfaction with the program, 96.8% planned to pursue further education, and 73.7% attributed increased interest in a variety of HIV science topics to the program. Qualitative findings suggest strong associations between mentorship, exposure to scientific content, and positive outcomes.

Conclusions:
These data provide evidence to support the feasibility and impact of novel DEI programs in HIV research to engage and encourage racially and ethnically diverse scholars to pursue careers in HIV science.
Fat Fractions of the Rotator Cuff Muscles Acquired With 2-Point Dixon MRI
Authors: Feuerriegel Georg C. , Marcus Roy P. , Sommer Stefan , Wieser Karl , Bouaicha Samy , Sutter Reto 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantify and compare fat fraction (FF) and muscle volume between patients with failed and intact rotator cuff (RC) repair as well as a control group with nonsurgical conservative treatment to define FF cutoff values for predicting the outcome of RC repair.Materials and MethodsPatients with full-thickness RC tears who received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after RC repair including a 2-point Dixon sequence were retrospectively screened. Patients with retear of 1 or more tendons diagnosed on MRI (Sugaya IV–V) were enrolled and matched to patients with intact RC repair (Sugaya I–II) and to a third group with conservatively treated RC tears. Two radiologists evaluated morphological features (Cofield, Patte, and Goutallier), as well as the integrity of the RC after repair (Sugaya). Fat fractions were calculated from the 2-point Dixon sequence, and the RC muscles were segmented semiautomatically to calculate FFs and volume for each muscle. Receiver operator characteristics curves were used to determine FF cutoff values that best predict RC retears.ResultsIn total, 136 patients were enrolled, consisting of 3 groups: 41 patients had a failed RC repair (58 ± 7 years, 16 women), 50 patients matched into the intact RC repair group, and 45 patients were matched into the conservative treatment group. Receiver operator characteristics curves showed reliable preoperative FF cutoff values for predicting retears at 6.0% for the supraspinatus muscle (0.83 area under the curve [AUC]), 7.4% for the infraspinatus muscle (AUC 0.82), and 8.3% for the subscapularis muscle (0.94 AUC).ConclusionsPreoperative quantitative FF calculated from 2-point Dixon MRI can be used to predict the risk of retear after arthroscopic RC repair with cutoff values between 6% and 8.3%.
Adult consequences of repeated nicotine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation in adolescent rats
Authors: Gutierrez Arnold , Creehan Kevin M. , Grant Yanabel , Taffe Michael A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of Electronic Drug Delivery Systems (EDDS, “e-cigarettes”) to ingest nicotine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has surged in adolescent populations in the United States, as five times as many high-school seniors vape nicotine daily as use tobacco. At the same time 19.5% of seniors use cannabis at least monthly, with 12% using EDDS to deliver it. This study was conducted to examine the impact of repeated adolescent vapor inhalation of nicotine and THC in rats.Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 30-minute sessions of vapor inhalation, twice daily, from Post-Natal Day (PND) 31 to PND 40. Conditions included vapor from the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle, Nicotine (60 mg/mL in the PG), THC (100 mg/mL in the PG) or the combination of Nicotine (60 mg/mL) and THC (100 mg/mL). Rats were assessed on wheel activity, heroin anti-nociception and nicotine and heroin vapor volitional exposure during adulthood.Nicotine exposed rats exhibited few differences as adults, but were less sensitive to anti-nociceptive effects of heroin (1 mg/kg, s.c.). THC- and THC+Nicotine-exposed rats were less spontaneously active, and obtained fewer nicotine vapor deliveries as adults. In contrast, THC exposed rats obtained volitional heroin vapor at rates indistinguishable from the non-THC-exposed groups. Repeated THC exposure also caused tolerance to temperature-disrupting effects of THC (5 mg/kg, i.p.).These studies further confirm that the effects of repeated vapor exposure to THC in adolescence last into early to middle adulthood, including decreased volitional consumption of nicotine. Effects of repeated nicotine in adolescence were comparatively minor.
Asymmetric framework motion of TCRαβcontrols load-dependent peptide discrimination
Authors: Chang-Gonzalez Ana C. , Mallis Robert J. , Lang Matthew J. , Reinherz Ellis L. , Hwang Wonmuk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMechanical force is critical for the interaction between anαβT cell receptor (TCR) and a peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule to initiate productive T-cell activation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to examine the A6 TCR bound to HLA-A*02:01 presenting agonist or antagonist peptides under different extensions to simulate the effects of applied load on the complex, elucidating their divergent biological responses. We found that TCRαandβchains move asymmetrically, which impacts the interface with pMHC, in particular the peptide-sensing CDR3 loops. For the wild-type agonist, the complex stabilizes in a load-dependent manner while antagonists destabilize it. Simulations of the CβFG-loop deletion, which reduces the catch bond response, and simulations within silicomutant peptides further support the observed behaviors. The present results highlight the combined role of interdomain motion, fluctuating forces, and interfacial contacts in determining the mechanical response and fine peptide discrimination by a TCR, thereby resolving the conundrum of nearly identical crystal structures of TCRαβ-pMHC agonist and antagonist complexes.
Microfabrication-based engineering of biomimetic dentin-like constructs to simulate dental aging
Authors: Álvarez Simon , Morales Jose , Tiozzo-Lyon Paola , Berrios Pablo , Barraza Valentina , Simpson Kevin , Ravasio Andrea , Vila Xavier Monforte , Teuschl-Woller Andreas , Schuh Christina MAP , Aguayo Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

1.AbstractHuman dentin is a highly organized dental tissue displaying a complex microarchitecture consisting of micrometer-sized tubules encased in a mineralized type-I collagen matrix. As such, it serves as an important substrate for the adhesion of microbial colonizers and oral biofilm formation in the context of dental caries disease, including root caries in the elderly. Despite this issue, there remains a current lack of effective biomimeticin-vitrodentin models that facilitate the study of oral microbial adhesion by considering the surface architecture at the micro- and nanoscales. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a novelin-vitromicrofabricated biomimetic dentin surface that simulates the complex surface microarchitecture of exposed dentin. For this, a combination of soft lithography microfabrication and biomaterial science approaches were employed to construct a micropitted PDMS substrate functionalized with mineralized type-I collagen. These dentin analogues were subsequently glycated with methylglyoxal (MGO) to simulate dentin matrix agingin-vitroand analyzed utilizing an interdisciplinary array of techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), elemental analysis, and electron microscopy. AFM force-mapping demonstrated that the nanomechanical properties of the biomimetic constructs were within the expected biological parameters, and that mineralization was mostly predominated by hydroxyapatite deposition. Finally, dual-species biofilms ofStreptococcus mutansandCandida albicanswere grown and characterized on the biofunctionalized PDMS microchips, demonstrating biofilm specific morphologic characteristics and confirming the suitability of this model for the study of early biofilm formation under controlled conditions. Overall, we expect that this novel biomimetic dentin model could serve as anin-vitroplatform to study oral biofilm formation or dentin-biomaterial bonding in the laboratory without the need for animal or human tooth samples in the future.