bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ortho‐ and Retronasal stimulations with specific food odours: Hedonic and familiarity ratings are related to chemosensory pleasure scale (CPS) scores
Authors: Bontempi Charlotte , Corbelin Pauline , Brand Gérard , Jacquot Laurence 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVolatile compounds can reach olfactory epithelium though the nose (orthonasal olfaction) or the mouth (retronasal olfaction). Although differences have been found between these two pathways in terms of odour sensitivity and identification, few studies have examined ortho‐ and retronasal differences taking into consideration the three main dimensions of olfactory perception (i.e. hedonicity, intensity and familiarity). Olfactory perception, and particularly odour hedonic perception, is influenced by several factors such as sex or age. Another variability factor worth considering, especially regarding food‐related odours, is the ability to experience pleasure simulated by smell or taste, which can be measured with the Chemosensory Pleasure Scale (CPS). Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to compare odour sensory ratings in response to ortho‐ and retronasal presentation and (2) to examine the relationship between CPS scores and odour sensory ratings in ortho‐ and retronasal pathways. Participants rated ten food odours in ortho‐ and retronasal conditions using visual analogue scales and were divided into two subgroups based on the median CPS score (CPS+ and CPS− groups). Results revealed similar sensory responses to food odours between ortho‐ and retronasal pathways for the three main dimensions of olfactory perception. Interestingly, when CPS scores were considered, clear differences in odour familiarity and hedonicity were shown, particularly for the retronasal pathway (i.e. odours were perceived as more pleasant and more familiar in CPS+ group than in CPS− group). Overall, these findings suggest that differences in odour perception between ortho‐and retronasal pathways may be related to specific individual characteristics such as chemosensory hedonic capacity.
Is a FASTHUG enough? Going beyond mnemonics for the next generation of pharmacy learners
Authors: Peters David M. , Jarrell Katherine L. , Johnson Mathew R. , Brophy Gretchen M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMnemonic devices are acronyms, abbreviations, or other learning tools that have been used for decades to memorize basic concepts. They are ubiquitous in teaching settings, including among intensive care unit (ICU) pharmacists, where the mnemonic FASTHUG (Feeding, Analgesia/Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head of bed, Ulcer prophylaxis, Glucose) is commonly cited. FASTHUG has existed since 2005 and serves as a reminder for key components of care for a critically ill patient. Due to the popularity of this acronym, multiple iterations have been created, where creative authors update, change, and/or add to the mnemonic. While FASTHUG is a unique learning tool with strengths for the entire care team, it has clear pitfalls when used in the pharmacy learning setting (i.e., during advanced practice rotations or for a postgraduate year 1 resident). This has led to the implementation of distinct mnemonic tools which are more specific to pharmacy interventions. The result is a myriad of published tools available for preceptors with limited data supporting their use in practice. A thorough understanding of the educational benefits of mnemonic devices paired with a recognition of their pitfalls can improve learning experiences. This review is designed to help preceptors understand the role of mnemonic devices and deploy them strategically for pharmacy learners. Furthermore, current pharmacy learners have different needs and characteristics when compared with other generations. This may alter the current students' level of comfort with utilizing mnemonics. Alternative teaching strategies that may be more beneficial for today's learners include technology and media utilization, scenario‐based discussions, and hands‐on application of mnemonics. Pharmacists who understand these variables can optimize their rotations and improve the learning experience for both themselves and their learners.
Magnetic resonance imaging approaches for studying mouse models of multiple sclerosis: A mini review
Authors: Gilli Francesca , Ceccarelli Antonia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGiven that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with an unclear etiology, a single animal model is unlikely to accurately represent all aspects of pathology and clinical features of the human condition. However, the availability of three major types of murine models of MS, that is, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), viral models, and toxic models, enables studies of several relevant features of this debilitating disease. Researchers have recently begun to combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies with other experimental strategies to acquire complementary information, for example, anatomical and functional, and study the effect of experimental manipulations longitudinally in a noninvasive way. This review summarizes the latest MRI studies investigating critical aspects of MS, such as atrophy, demyelination, neuroaxonal damage, and neuroinflammation, in mouse models of MS. Advanced techniques will be briefly discussed, providing references to specialized literature for the readers. Thus, this review aims to describe different imaging protocols used to study critical aspects of MS in a research laboratory, discussing the main related findings in the most significant murine models of the disease.
Polybutadiene Dielectric Elastomers with High Dielectric Constant and Ultralow Dielectric Loss via Tuning Grafted Polar Groups
Authors: Mao Jie , Li Jing , Lin Wang , Luo Faliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work describes an easy and effective process for preparing a homogeneous polybutadiene (PB) dielectric elastomer with improved actuated strain by utilizing a photochemical thiol‐ene click reaction. The carboxyl groups and various ester groups are used for grafting on the PB. Since the length of the alkyl chains of the ester groups will significantly influence the polarities of the carbonyl groups and hydrogen bonding effect, the influence of polarity and hydrogen bonding effect on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties of the modified polybutadienes is carefully discussed. Very interestingly, it is found that the increment of dielectric constant of PB modified by carboxyl groups is the lowest one compared to other modified PBs with the ester groups. Meanwhile, the modified PBs with the ester groups could achieve pretty low dielectric loss factor, and finally, a high dielectric constant (3.6), low dielectric loss factor (0.0005), and large actuated strain (≈25%) of the modified polybutadienes could be achieved by the modified PBs with butyl acrylate groups. This work provides a simple and effective method for the designing and synthesizing of a homogeneous high electromechanical performance dielectric elastomer with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss.
Complex cerebrovascular diseases in Roberts syndrome caused by novel biallelic ESCO2 variations
Authors: He Shuang , Chen Shuai , Li Shu‐Jian , Zhang Jie‐Wen , Liang Xin‐Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveRoberts syndrome (RBS), also known as Roberts‐SC phocomelia syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder caused by mutations in the ESCO2 gene. Cardinal clinical manifestations are pre‐ and postnatal growth retardation and craniofacial and limb malformations. Here, we report RBS in a Chinese adolescent with novel biallelic ESCO2 variations and complex cerebrovascular diseases.MethodsMedical history, neurological examinations, neuroimaging, and pathology were collected in the proband and the family. Whole exome sequencing (WES) with copy number variation analysis was performed to screen for genetic variations.ResultsThe clinical features of the proband were craniofacial and limb malformations together with complex cerebrovascular diseases. She suffered ischemic stroke at 6 years old and died of cerebellar hemorrhage secondary to an aneurysm at 13 years old. Besides, neuroimaging showed the triad of leukoencephalopathy, calcifications, and cysts. Brain histopathology revealed angiomatous changes and perivascular cysts suggesting chronic small cerebral vasculopathy. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified novel biallelic variations in the ESCO2 gene (c.1220A>T, p.H407L and c.1562delC, p.A521fs).ConclusionsWe describe complex cerebrovascular diseases in Roberts syndrome caused by novel ESCO2 biallelic variations. This case expands not only the cerebral involvement in Roberts syndrome but also the disease spectrum of the neuroimaging triad with leukoencephalopathy, calcifications, and cysts.
Free superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flow‐through flap transfer for reconstruction after excision of arteriovenous malformations of the hand: A case report
Authors: Katsushima Chihiro , Yamanaka Hiroki , Tsuge Itaru , Saito Susumu , Morimoto Naoki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe management of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the hand remains challenging. When radical excision results in large defects of both soft tissue and vessels, flow‐through flap transfer is useful; however, flow‐through flap options for hand and digit reconstructions are limited. Herein, we describe the use of a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flow‐through flap after excision of an AVM of the hand. A 44‐year‐old female patient with an AVM of the hand required simultaneous reconstruction of soft tissue, vascular, and bone defects after radical excision of vascular lesions. A 6 × 15 cm SCIP flow‐through flap was transferred, and flow‐through vascular reconstruction was performed with flap vessels: the deep branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery, superficial inferior epigastric artery, and superficial circumflex iliac vein. In addition, three bone holes in the proximal phalanx of the index finger were filled with iliac bone grafts. The postoperative course was uneventful, with good functional results 1 year after surgery. An SCIP flow‐through flap is an option for reconstruction after excision of AVMs of the hand because of its advantages, including minimal donor‐site morbidity, availability of multiple vessels suitable for anastomosis with hand vessels, and simultaneous availability of iliac bone grafts.
The Impact of Surgical Indication on Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gutierrez Jorge A. , Shannon Christian M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Labadie Robert F. , White David R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the surgical indication on posttonsillectomy bleed rates.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, CINAHL.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed searching for articles published from the date of inception to July 6, 2022. English language articles describing posttonsillectomy hemorrhage rates in pediatric patients (age ≤ 18) stratified by indication were selected for inclusion. A meta‐analysis of proportions with comparison (Δ) of weighted proportions was conducted. All studies were assessed for risk of bias.ResultsA total of 72 articles with 173,970 patients were selected for inclusion. The most common indications were chronic/recurrent tonsillitis (CT/RT), obstructive sleep apnea/sleep‐disordered breathing (OSA/SDB), and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage rates for CT/RT, OSA/SDB, and ATH were 3.57%, 3.69%, and 2.72%, respectively. Patients operated on for a combination of CT/RT and OSA/SDB had a bleed rate of 5.99% which was significantly higher than those operated on for CT/RT alone (Δ2.42%, p = .0006), OSA/SDB alone (Δ2.30%, p = .0016), and ATH alone (Δ3.27%, p < .0001). Additionally, those operated on for a combination of ATH and CT/RT had a hemorrhage rate of 6.93%, significantly higher than those operated on for CT/RT alone (Δ3.36%, p = .0003), OSA/SDB alone (Δ3.01%, p = .0014), and ATH alone (Δ3.98%, p < .0001).ConclusionPatients operated on for multiple indications had significantly higher rates of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage than those operated on for a single surgical indication. Better documentation of patients with multiple indications would help further characterize the magnitude of the compounding effect described here.
From fetus to neonate: A review of cardiovascular modeling in early life
Authors: May Robyn W. , Maso Talou Gonzalo D. , Clark Alys R. , Mynard Jonathan P. , Smolich Joseph J. , Blanco Pablo J. , Müller Lucas O. , Gentles Thomas L. , Bloomfield Frank H. , Safaei Soroush 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComputational modeling has well‐established utility in the study of cardiovascular hemodynamics, with applications in medical research and, increasingly, in clinical settings to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Most cardiovascular models developed to date have been of the adult circulatory system; however, the perinatal period is unique as cardiovascular physiology undergoes drastic changes from the fetal circulation, during the birth transition, and into neonatal life. There may also be further complications in this period: for example, preterm birth (defined as birth before completed weeks of gestation) carries risks of short‐term cardiovascular instability and is associated with increased lifetime cardiovascular risk. Here, we review computational models of the cardiovascular system in early life, their applications to date and potential improvements and enhancements of these models. We propose a roadmap for developing an open‐source cardiovascular model that spans the fetal, perinatal, and postnatal periods.This article is categorized under:
Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models
Cardiovascular Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
Congenital Diseases > Computational Models
Protective Effects of the Postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum MD35 on Bone Loss in an Ovariectomized Mice Model
Authors: Myeong Ju-Yeong , Jung Hye-Yeon , Chae Hyo-Seok , Cho Hyang Hyun , Kim Don-Kyu , Jang You-Jee , Park Jae-Il 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPostmenopausal osteoporosis is caused by estrogen deficiency, which impairs bone homeostasis, resulting in increased osteoclastic resorption without a corresponding increase in osteoblastic activity. Postbiotics have several therapeutic properties, including anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoporotic effects. However, the beneficial effects of the postbiotic MD35 of Lactobacillus plantarum on bone have not been studied. In this study, we demonstrated that the postbiotic L. plantarum MD35, isolated from young radish water kimchi, influences osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) culture. In addition, it was effective protecting against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In BMM cells, postbiotic MD35 inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation by attenuating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase, significantly suppressing the resorption activity and down-regulating the expression of RANKL-mediated osteoclast-related genes. In the animal model, the oral administration of postbiotic MD35 remarkably improved OVX-induced trabecular bone loss and alleviated the destruction of femoral plate growth. Therefore, postbiotic MD35 could be a potential therapeutic candidate for postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis through the regulation of osteoclast-related molecular mechanisms.
What are lay UK public perceptions of frailty: a scoping review
Authors: Shafiq Shabana , Haith-Cooper Melanie , Hawkins Rebecca , Parveen Sahdia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Rationale and objective
Perceptions of frailty can influence how families cope, quality of life and access to support services. Yet little is known of how lay members of the UK general public perceive frailty. This scoping review aimed to explore how frailty is perceived among the lay public in the United Kingdom.

Methods
The established scoping review methodology by Arksey and O’Malley was followed and searches were conducted across eight electronic databases and grey literature websites for articles published between 1990 and August 2022. In total, 6,705 articles were identified, of which six were included in the review. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework.

Results
Three key themes were identified; frailty as a normal part of ageing, perceived consequences of frailty and coping with frailty. Overall, frailty has negative connotations and is perceived as linked to a natural part of the ageing process, increased dependency, loss of identity and social exclusion and stigma. However, it is unclear whether these perceptions have a direct bearing on access to support services for communities.

Conclusion and implications
This review identifies that it is imperative for health and social care service providers to consider the individual meaning of frailty for older people and families, to understand and integrate their particular needs and preferences when planning and delivering person centred frailty care and support. There is also a need for development of interventions that focus on increasing education and reducing stigma around frailty in order to change frailty perceptions in the UK.
Divergent evolution of genetic sex determination mechanisms along environmental gradients
Authors: Schenkel Martijn A , Billeter Jean-Christophe , Beukeboom Leo W , Pen Ido 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sex determination (SD) is a crucial developmental process, but its molecular underpinnings are very diverse, both between and within species. SD mechanisms have traditionally been categorized as either genetic (GSD) or environmental (ESD), depending on the type of cue that triggers sexual differentiation. However, mixed systems, with both genetic and environmental components, are more prevalent than previously thought. Here, we show theoretically that environmental effects on expression levels of genes within SD regulatory mechanisms can easily trigger within-species evolutionary divergence of SD mechanisms. This may lead to the stable coexistence of multiple SD mechanisms and to spatial variation in the occurrence of different SD mechanisms along environmental gradients. We applied the model to the SD system of the housefly, a global species with world-wide latitudinal clines in the frequencies of different SD systems, and found that it correctly predicted these clines if specific genes in the housefly SD system were assumed to have temperature-dependent expression levels. We conclude that environmental sensitivity of gene regulatory networks may play an important role in diversification of SD mechanisms.
Accelerated curation of checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis cases from electronic health records
Authors: Rahman Protiva , Ye Cheng , Mittendorf Kathleen F , Lenoue-Newton Michele , Micheel Christine , Wolber Jan , Osterman Travis , Fabbri Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveAutomatically identifying patients at risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced colitis allows physicians to improve patientcare. However, predictive models require training data curated from electronic health records (EHR). Our objective is to automatically identify notes documenting ICI-colitis cases to accelerate data curation.Materials and MethodsWe present a data pipeline to automatically identify ICI-colitis from EHR notes, accelerating chart review. The pipeline relies on BERT, a state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) model. The first stage of the pipeline segments long notes using keywords identified through a logistic classifier and applies BERT to identify ICI-colitis notes. The next stage uses a second BERT model tuned to identify false positive notes and remove notes that were likely positive for mentioning colitis as a side-effect. The final stage further accelerates curation by highlighting the colitis-relevant portions of notes. Specifically, we use BERT’s attention scores to find high-density regions describing colitis.ResultsThe overall pipeline identified colitis notes with 84% precision and reduced the curator note review load by 75%. The segment BERT classifier had a high recall of 0.98, which is crucial to identify the low incidence (&lt;10%) of colitis.DiscussionCuration from EHR notes is a burdensome task, especially when the curation topic is complicated. Methods described in this work are not only useful for ICI colitis but can also be adapted for other domains.ConclusionOur extraction pipeline reduces manual note review load and makes EHR data more accessible for research.
ZFIRE  – The gas inflow inequality for satellite galaxies in cluster and field haloes at z = 2
Authors: Harshan Anishya , Tran Kim-Vy , Gupta Anshu , Kacprzak Glenn G , Nanayakkara Themiya 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Gas inflow into galaxies should affect the star formation and hence the evolution of galaxies across cosmic time. In this work, we use TNG100 of the IllustrisTNG simulations to understand the role of environment on gas inflow rates in massive galaxies at z ≥ 2. We divide our galaxies (log (M⋆/M⊙) ≥ 10.5) into cluster ($\log \rm {M_{halo}/M_\odot }\ge 13$) and field ($\log \rm {M_{halo}/M_\odot } &lt; 13$) galaxies at z = 2 and further divide into centrals and satellites. We track their gas inflow rates from z = 6 to 2, and find that the total gas inflow rates of satellite galaxies rapidly decline after their infall into cluster haloes as they reach the cluster centre. At z = 2, the gas inflow rate of cluster satellite galaxies is correlated with the cluster-centric radii and not the host halo mass. In contrast, the gas inflow rate in centre is strongly correlated with the host halo mass at z ≥ 2. Our study indicates that between redshifts 6 to 2, the gas that is normally accreted by the satellite galaxies, is redirected to the centre of the cluster halo as inflows to the cluster centrals and forming the intracluster medium. Our analysis suggest that the inequality of gas accretion between massive satellite and central galaxies is responsible for the starvation of cluster satellite galaxies that evolve into the massive quenched cluster galaxies observed at z &lt; 0.5.
HST viewing of spectacular star-forming trails behind ESO 137-001
Authors: Waldron William , Sun Ming , Luo Rongxin , Laudari Sunil , Chatzikos Marios , Sivanandam Suresh , Kenney Jeffrey D P , Jáchym Pavel , Voit G Mark , Donahue Megan , Fossati Matteo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results from the HST WFC3 and ACS data on an archetypal galaxy undergoing ram pressure stripping (RPS), ESO 137-001, in the nearby cluster Abell 3627. ESO 137-001 is known to host a prominent stripped tail detected in many bands from X-rays, H α to CO. The HST data reveal significant features indicative of RPS such as asymmetric dust distribution and surface brightness as well as many blue young star complexes in the tail. We study the correlation between the blue young star complexes from HST, H ii regions from H α (MUSE), and dense molecular clouds from CO (ALMA). The correlation between the HST blue star clusters and the H ii regions is very good, while their correlation with the dense CO clumps are typically not good, presumably due in part to evolutionary effects. In comparison to the starburst99 + cloudy model, many blue regions are found to be young (&lt;10 Myr) and the total star formation (SF) rate in the tail is 0.3–0.6 M⊙ yr−1 for sources measured with ages less than 100 Myr, about 40 per cent of the SF rate in the galaxy. We trace SF over at least 100 Myr and give a full picture of the recent SF history in the tail. We also demonstrate the importance of including nebular emissions and a nebular to stellar extinction correction factor when comparing the model to the broad-band data. Our work on ESO 137-001 demonstrates the importance of HST data for constraining the SF history in stripped tails.