bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered properties of amyloidogenic prion protein in genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with PRNP V180I mutation in response to pentosan polysulfate
Authors: Shijo Masahiro , Yoshimura Motoi , Omae Tsuyoshi , Hashimoto Go , Mizoguchi Tadataka , Kuwashiro Takahiro , Komori Takashi , Tsuboi Yoshio , Saito Tomoko , Nakagawa Masanori , Itoh Kyoko , Honda Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGenetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (gCJD) with V180I prion protein gene (PRNP) mutation shows weaker prion protein (PrP) deposition histologically compared with sporadic CJD, and it is more difficult to detect protease‐resistant prion protein in immunoblotting. However, we previously reported the autopsy case of a patient with V180I gCJD who was treated with pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS); this case had increased protease‐resistant PrP deposition. It has been suggested that PPS might reduce protease‐resistant PrP; however, the detailed pharmacological and histopathological effects of PPS in humans remain unknown. We examined autopsied human brain tissue from four cases with V180I gCJD that were added to our archives between 2011 and 2021: two cases treated with PPS and two cases without PPS. We conducted a neuropathological assessment, including immunohistochemistry for PrP. We also performed immunoblotting for PrP on homogenate samples from each brain to detect protease‐resistant PrP using both a conventional procedure and size‐exclusion gel chromatography for the purification of oligomeric PrP. Both PPS‐treated cases showed long survival time over 5 years from onset and increased PrP deposition with a characteristic pattern of coarse granular depositions and congophilic PrP microspheres, whereas the cases without PPS showed around 1‐year survival from onset and relatively mild neuronal loss and synaptic PrP deposition. Although cortical gliosis seemed similar among all cases, aquaporin 4‐expression as a hallmark of astrocytic function was increased predominantly in PPS cases. Immunoblotting of non‐PPS cases revealed protease‐resistant PrP in the oligomeric fraction only, whereas the PPS‐treated cases showed clear signals using conventional procedures and in the oligomeric fraction. These unique biochemical and histopathological changes may reflect the progression of V180I gCJD and its modification by PPS, suggesting the possible existence of toxic PrP‐oligomer in the pathophysiology of V180I gCJD and beneficial effects of PPS toward the aggregation and detoxication of toxic PrP‐oligomer.
How displacement analysis may aid fault risking strategies for CO2 storage
Authors: Michie Emma Alexandra Harrower , Braathen Alvar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeveloping an accurate understanding of the ways in which faults have grown within a particular region and stratigraphy can aid risk management for CO2 storage sites. Areas of fault interaction lead to differences in the stress field, resulting in an increased strain, which is often accommodated by a high intensity of deformation bands and/or fracturing, dependent on host rock properties. These structures alter the permeability surrounding faults. Hence, detecting areas of interaction of structures throughout the fault growth history allows the identification of locations where high risk may occur in terms of the hydraulic properties of a fault zone. The Vette Fault Zone (VFZ), bounding the Alpha prospect within the potential CO2 Smeaheia storage site, Northern Horda Platform, is shown to have grown from a minimum of seven fault segments. By utilising a comparison with the adjacent Tusse Fault Zone (TFZ), we can identify potential areas of high risk, where fluids may have the ability to flow across or along the VFZ. The high seal strength of the TFZ holding back a large gas column is likely to be created by shale juxtaposition and smearing with cataclastic processes. The same could be assumed for the VFZ, associated with similar tectonics and displaced stratigraphy. However, rather than membrane breaching causing fluids to flow across the fault, potential areas of high risk have been identified at locations of relict breached relay zones, where the initial displacement of the intersecting faults and area of overlap was high. These areas appear to correspond with the location of hydrocarbon contact depth (spill point) along the TFZ. Using the same assumptions for the VFZ, we can observe one potential area of high risk, which lies within the area of suggested CO2 accumulation.
Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD‐L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β‐glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ko Hui‐Hsin , Peng Hsin‐Hui , Cheng An Ning , Chou Han‐Yi Elizabeth , Hou Hsin‐Han , Kuo Wei‐Ting , Liu Wei‐Wen , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Lee Alan Yueh‐Luen , Cheng Shih‐Jung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) are frequently upregulated in cancer patients. This study aims to demonstrate the hypothesis that arecoline could induce the secretion of mitochondrial (mt) DNA D‐loop and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in extracellular vesicles (EVs), and attenuate T‐cell immunity by upregulated Treg cell numbers. However, the immunosuppression could be reversed by whole glucan particle (WGP) β‐glucan in oral squamous cell (OSCC) patients. Arecoline‐induced reactive oxygen specimen (ROS) production and cytosolic mtDNA D‐loop were analyzed in OSCC cell lines. mtDNA D‐loop, PD‐L1, IFN‐γ, and Treg cells were also identified for the surgical specimens and sera of 60 OSCC patients. We demonstrated that higher mtDNA D‐loop, PD‐L1, and Treg cell numbers were significantly correlated with larger tumor size, nodal metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and areca quid chewing. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that higher mtDNA D‐loop levels and Treg cell numbers were unfavorable independent factors for survival. Arecoline significantly induced cytosolic mtDNA D‐loop leakage and PD‐L1 expression, which were packaged by EVs to promote immunosuppressive Treg cell numbers. However, WGP β‐glucan could elevate CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell numbers, mitigate Treg cell numbers, and promote oral cancer cell apoptosis. To sum up, arecoline induces EV production carrying mtDNA D‐loop and PD‐L1, and in turn elicits immune suppression. However, WGP β‐glucan potentially enhances dual effects on T‐cell immunity and cell apoptosis and we highly recommend its integration with targeted and immune therapies against OSCC.
Medicarpin suppresses proliferation and triggeres apoptosis by upregulation of BID, BAX, CASP3, CASP8, and CYCS in glioblastoma
Authors: Ying Lu , Hao Mingxuan , Zhang Zichen , Guo Rui , Liang Youfeng , Yu Changyuan , Yang Zhao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and incurable. Medicarpin (MED), a flavonoid compound from the legume family, has multiple targets and anticancer properties. However, the role of MED in GBM remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of MED on the apoptosis of GBM and to explain the potential molecular mechanisms. We found that the IC50 values of U251 and U‐87 MG cells treated with MED for 24 h were 271 μg/mL and 175 μg/mL, and the IC50 values for 48 h were 154 μg/mL and 161 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the cell cycle of U251 and U‐87 MG cells were arrested at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate of U251 and U‐87 MG cells increased from 6.26% to 18.36% and 12.46% to 31.33% for 48 h, respectively. The migration rate of U251 and U‐87 MG decreased from 20% to 5% and 25% to 15% for 12 h and these of U251 and U‐87 MG decreased from 50% to 28% and 60% to 25% for 24 h. MED suppressed GBM tumorigenesis, and improved survival rate of tumor‐bearing mice. Taken together, MED triggered GBM apoptosis through upregulation of pro‐apoptotic proteins (BID, BAX, CASP3, CASP8, and CYCS), showed strong inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and cell migration, and displayed anti‐tumor activity in nude mice.
Dental caries in children in Ireland: A systematic review
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Crowe Michael , Cassetti Oscar , Winning Lewis , O'Sullivan Aifric , O'Sullivan Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDental caries is the most common childhood disease worldwide. In the mid‐1960s, mandatory Community Water Fluoridation (CWF) was introduced in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) aimed at reducing the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the population. In 2017, approximately, 71% of the Irish population was supplied with fluoridated drinking water.ObjectivesTo review all children's dental health surveys at National, Regional and County‐levels conducted in the Republic of Ireland from 1950 to 2021 and describe trends in dental caries prevalence. The secondary objective was to compare dental caries experience in children living in areas with and without CWF.MethodsSeven databases (Embase, Medline Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus and Lenus Ireland) were systematically searched followed by lateral searches from reference lists. Studies reporting the caries experience of Irish children were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently evaluated the quality of included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.ResultsThirty‐one studies were included. Over the last 70 years, at National, Regional and County levels, mean dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) scores have decreased and the percentage of caries‐free children has increased in 5, 8, 12, and 15‐year‐olds. The decline in dental caries indices observed throughout the country was greater in children living in areas with CWF. Between the 1960s and 2002, the mean dmft scores for 5‐year‐olds living in the RoI were reduced by approximately 82% and 69% for the fluoridated and non‐fluoridated groups respectively. Reduction in the mean DMFT scores for the 12‐year‐olds were 75% and 71%, respectively, for the fluoridated and non‐fluoridated groups. Between 1961 and 2014, reductions in the mean dmft/DMFT scores among 5 and 12‐years‐olds living in County Dublin were approximately 88% and 90% respectively. These results should be interpreted in the context of widespread use of fluoridated toothpaste in the RoI.ConclusionsLarge reductions in the prevalence of dental caries in Irish children have been observed over the last seven decades. Greater dental caries reductions have been reported among children living in areas with CWF compared to those without CWF.
Enhancing domestic violence risk assessments with children's perspectives: Exploring risk, vulnerability and protective factors through forensic interviews
Authors: Vikander Martina , Strand Susanne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEffective risk management strategies for victims of domestic violence require an adequate risk assessment. While risk assessments for domestic violence typically focus on the adult victim, the risk of children who are exposed to such violence is often overlooked. This study aims to explore what risk, vulnerability and protective factors can be identified through forensic interviews with children exposed to domestic violence. A qualitative latent content analysis was conducted on documented forensic interviews with 41 children. The results show that children reported factors that should be taken into consideration when managing the risk of violence for their mother. In addition, the children's responses suggest the need for a separate risk management plan to address their needs and to protect them from re‐victimization. Direct communication with children is crucial to identify factors that are unique to them. These results emphasize the significance of including their perspective in risk assessments for domestic violence to influence the risk management that includes both mothers and their children.
Caregiver perspectives on powered mobility devices and participation for children with cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System level V
Authors: Sloane Bethany M. , Kenyon Lisa K. , Logan Samuel W. , Feldner Heather A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo describe caregiver experiences, perceptions, and device preferences between a modified ride‐on car (MROC) and an Explorer Mini, including perceived changes in participation, barriers, and benefits for young children with cerebral palsy (CP) classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V.MethodA subset of data were analyzed from a larger multisite study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 caregivers of children with CP in GMFCS level V across a 16‐week trial with two mobility devices. Each interview was audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using constant comparison methods.ResultsSeven of 10 caregivers preferred the Explorer Mini over the MROC. Four themes emerged. One related to the perceived benefits and barriers of each device (ease and convenience is essential) and three related to perceived changes in participation: (1) autonomy enacted through mobility; (2) belonging and being present; and (3) participation recognized as an area of growth.InterpretationDespite limited consideration of powered mobility for this population, caregivers of children in GMFCS level V reported similar benefits and barriers compared to children in other GMFCS levels shown in the literature. Particularly, caregivers perceived positive changes in their child's participation and recognized the ability for continued improvements in participation when using powered mobility.What this paper adds

Children with cerebral palsy classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System level V are often excluded from powered mobility use and research.
Despite this, caregivers reported positive experiences for their children.
Caregivers felt that participation in powered mobility led to increased autonomy and overall sense of inclusion and belonging for their children.
Most caregivers preferred the Explorer Mini over the modified ride‐on car but recognized that both devices had benefits and barriers to use.
Washed microbiota transplantation improves haemoglobin levels in anaemia of chronic disease
Authors: Zhong Hao‐Jie , Chen Wei‐Ran , Lu Xin‐Jian , Hu Dong‐Xia , Lin De‐Jiang , Liu Tao , Wu Lei , Wu Li‐Hao , He Xing‐Xiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia of chronic disease (ACD) is the second most common type of anaemia and lacks an effective treatment. Patients with anaemia are reported to have altered gut microbial profiles, which may affect erythropoiesis. Here, we investigated the gut microbial features of patients with ACD and determined whether regulating gut microbiota using washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) was effective in treating ACD.MethodsWe compared the gut microbiota profile of patients with ACD and healthy controls, evaluated the efficacy of WMT on haematological parameters in the patients, and analysed the alterations in gut microbiota after WMT treatment.ResultsPatients with ACD had lower gut microbial richness, and differences in microbial composition and function, relative to healthy controls. Additionally, the relative abundances of two butyrate‐producing genera Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and Butyricicoccus, were positively correlated with the haemoglobin (HGB) level and lower in patients with ACD than controls. WMT significantly increased HGB levels in patients with ACD. After the first, second and third WMT rounds, normal HGB levels were restored in 27.02%, 27.78% and 36.37% (all p < .05) of patients with ACD, respectively. Moreover, WMT significantly increased the abundance of butyrate‐producing genera and downregulated gut microbial functions that were upregulated in patients with ACD.ConclusionsPatients with ACD exhibited differences in gut microbial composition and function relative to healthy controls. WMT is an effective treatment for ACD that reshapes gut microbial composition, restores butyrate‐producing bacteria and regulates the functions of gut microbiota.
The importance of long‐term post‐release studies in classical biological control: Insect–plant monitoring and public awareness of water hyacinth management (Pontederia crassipes) in Dique Los Sauces, Argentina
Authors: Faltlhauser Ana C. , Jiménez Nadia L. , Righetti Tomas , Visintin Andrés M. , Torrens Javier , Salinas Nicolás A. , Mc Kay Fernando , Hill Martin , Cordo Hugo A. , Sosa Alejandro J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeveral components of classical biological control (CBC) programmes are necessary to assess the success of the management strategy (e.g., post‐release monitoring) and also help prevent reintroductions or resurgences of invasive species (e.g., public awareness). Water hyacinth, Pontederia (= Eichhornia) crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae) is an aquatic plant naturally distributed in the north‐eastern region of the Del Plata basin in Argentina. In the 1960s it was introduced into the Dique Los Sauces reservoir located outside of its native range in La Rioja Province, in western Argentina, where it became invasive. The natural enemy, Neochetina bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was intentionally introduced in 1974 to control the weed. To assess the success of this CBC programme, a long‐term post‐release study was conducted. Between 1965 and 2023, we monitored plant coverage, estimated N. bruchi densities, and quantified the associated damage by reanalysing previously published data and incorporating new sampling. We also conducted an online survey to analyse public knowledge and perception about this programme. Water hyacinth coverage fluctuated from its first record in 1965 (maximum coverage 90%) until the control of germinated plants (coverage 0%) in 2018. The plant decline was accompanied by an increase in the weevil population. In our survey, out of 325 respondents only a small group of mostly middle‐aged and elderly people knew that the restoration had been achieved through a management strategy and even fewer were aware of the biocontrol approach taken. Respondents who had a positive approach to biological control were more aware of the management plan than respondents who had neutral or negative opinions. Neochetina bruchi has played a key factor in the control of P. crassipes. The intrinsic dynamics of these populations, the dormant seed bank, and the lack of public awareness support the need for long post‐release evaluations including outreach campaigns to make a sustainable successful management programme.
The 5‐HT2A/2C inverse agonist nelotanserin alleviates L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in the MPTP‐lesioned marmoset
Authors: Kwan Cynthia , Frouni Imane , Bédard Dominique , Hamadjida Adjia , Nuara Stephen G. , Gourdon Jim C. , Huot Philippe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNelotanserin is a serotonin 2A and 2C (5‐HT2A/2C) inverse agonist that was previously tested in the clinic for rapid‐eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and psychosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia. Its effect on L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA)‐induced dyskinesia has however not been investigated. As 5‐HT2A antagonism/inverse agonism is a validated approach to alleviate dyskinesia, we undertook the current study to evaluate the anti‐dyskinetic potential of nelotanserin in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐lesioned marmoset. Parkinsonism was induced in six common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, three females and three males) that were then chronically treated with L‐DOPA to induce dyskinesia. On experimental days, they were administered L‐DOPA in combination with vehicle or nelotanserin (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg) subcutaneously, in a randomised fashion. Dyskinesia and parkinsonism were rated post hoc by a blinded observer. In comparison to vehicle, the addition of nelotanserin 0.3 and 1 mg/kg to L‐DOPA diminished peak dose dyskinesia by 47% (P < 0.05) and 69% (P < 0.001). Nelotanserin 0.3 and 1 mg/kg also reduced the severity of global dyskinesia, by 40% (P < 0.01) and 55% (P < 0.001), when compared to vehicle. Nelotanserin 0.1 mg/kg did not alleviate peak dose or global dyskinesia severity. Nelotanserin had no impact on the anti‐parkinsonian action of L‐DOPA. Our results highlight that nelotanserin may represent an efficacious anti‐dyskinetic drug and provide incremental evidence of the potential benefit of 5‐HT2A/2C antagonism/inverse agonism for drug‐induced dyskinesia in PD.
Fatigue crack growth behavior in an aluminum alloy Al–Mg–0.3Sc produced by wire based directed energy deposition process
Authors: Ye Jin , Syed Abdul Khadar , Zhang Xiang , Eimer Eloise , Williams Stewart 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of Al–Mg–Sc alloys has received considerable interest from the aerospace industry owing to their high specific strength and suitability for AM processes. This study has investigated the fatigue crack growth behavior in an Al–Mg–0.3Sc alloy made by wire and arc additive manufacturing. Tests were conducted with two different crack orientations at cyclic load ratios of 0.1 and 0.5. At the lower load ratio, the horizontal crack showed a faster growth rate owing to the smaller grains and coarser second‐phase particles that the crack tip had encountered when it propagated along the material build direction. The anisotropy in crack growth rate was mainly caused by the grain size effect. When the applied stress intensity factor range exceeded the value of 10 MPa m1/2, an isotropic crack growth rate between the two crack orientations was measured. This is due to the microstructural influence being overcome by the governing parameter of fracture mechanics. At the higher load ratio of 0.5, crack growth rate is isotropic, and the threshold stress intensity factor range was much lower than that tested under load ratio 0.1. Finally, the modified Hartman–Schijve equation has been successfully employed to represent the crack growth rates in all three regions.