bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Social Innovation with Inclusive Transformation of Agri-food System in Nepal: A Review
Authors: Paudel R. , Nepali P. B. , Panta H. K. , Acharya G. D. 
Published: June 2023

The potential of social interface in agricultural innovation remains masked by extension service agencies. This review collected and studied scattered knowledge generated literature on the role of social innovation in inclusive transformation of agri- food system highlighting on preproduction, production, supply chain and consumption. Search engines; namely google scholar; Science Direct, JSTOR, Directory of Open Access Journals and Scopus were utilized to identify the articles and relevant literatures. The review provides a state of the art on knowledge related to social innovations and inclusive transformation of agri-food system. The findings show that social innovation is becoming a prevalent tool to expedite inclusive transformation of food systems in Nepal. However, there are no clear considerations on social innovations in inclusive transformation of food and agriculture system. To provision these considerations, significance of social innovations for inclusive transformation was well explored for further analysis and conclusion. This review enhances the gaining of insights into the theories and findings of past works related to social innovation, inclusiveness, food system transformation and policies which contributed to develop a strong framework of inclusive transformation of food system from social innovation perspective.
Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Malapterurus electricus from Anambra River, Nigeria
Authors: Nwadike C. C. , Ilozumba P. C. O. , Amaechi E. C. , Okeke O. A. , Nnatuanya I. O. , Osaji–Nwafili P. N. 
Published: June 2023

Aim: One of the constraints of fish in the wild for sustainable productivity is parasitic infections. The study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal helminth parasites associated with Malapterurus electricus and their prevalence in relation to sex and size.
Study Design: The study was a survey done to establish the type of gastrointestinal helminth parasites found in M. electricus.
Place and Duration of Study: The specimens were collected from Anambra River between August and December 2018.
Methodology: A total of thirty-two (32) fishes were examined through dissection and observation of the alimentary canal under the objective lens of the microscope. The chi-square test was employed to determine the possible association between parasite prevalence, the sexes, and size. Results: The overall prevalence of parasites was 56.25%. The parasites recovered were, Electrotaenia malapteruri (50.00%) and Tenuisentis niloticus (6.25%). The male specimens (18) recorded a prevalence of 66.67% while the female (14) recorded a prevalence of 42.86%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths among gender (P=0.178, P>0.05). The length group, 30 – 39cm had a 100% prevalence. Thus, a significant difference between the fish size and parasite prevalence was observed. The weight groups, 100 -199g, and 400 - 499g also had a 100% prevalence. However, no significant relationship was observed between fish weight and parasite prevalence. The intestine was infected with parasitic worms of the cestode and acanthocephalan species.
Conclusion: This study showed that there is high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in M. electricus and this may possibly affect the fish quality.
Proximate Analysis of Avocado Pear and Green Mango: Evaluation of Macro and Micro-Nutrient Content of Peels, Fruit and Seed
Authors: Frances Ejimofor Chiamaka , Enoch Nwakoby Nnamdi , Johnson Oledibe Odira , Eziamaka Afam-Ezeaku Chikaodili , Ann Mbaukwu Onyinye 
Published: June 2023

This research study is aimed at making a comparative analysis of proximate, sugar and vitamin contents in peels, seed and fruits of avocado pear and green mangoes from Awka metropolies. The proximate compositions (moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein and carbohydrate), reducing, non-reducing and total sugar were determined using AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Collaboration) method. The concentration of vitamin A and C was determined by titration technique in aqueous extract of EDTA/TCA solution and titrating with CUSO4. The result show that moisture content of 10.10% was recorded for avocado peels and 47.50% for mango fruit, while the proximate analysis carried out recorded ash (3.87-7.35%), fiber (3.22-7.85%), protein (0.62-3.11%), fats (2.27-17.50 and carbohydrates (37.70-65.32%). Total sugar content ranges from 2.1mg/100g in mango seed to 16.80 in avocado fruit. Vitamin A ranged from 0.11mg/100g in avocado peels to 1.80mg/100g in avocado fruits, while vitamin C ranged (10.30-26.40MG/100g), vitamin D (0.83-3.10mg/100g) and vitamin E (4.18-12.74MG/100g). Vitamin A ranged from 0.11mg/100g in avocado peels to 1.80mg/100g in avocado fruits, while vitamin C ranged (10.30-26.40MG/100g), vitamin D (0.83-3.10mg/100g) and vitamin E (4.18-12.74MG/100g).
The result showed that peels, seed and fruits of avocado pear and green mangoes contain enough vitamin C, an antioxidant essential for human health hence the need to increase the consumption of these fruits, thus there is need to increase the consumption of these fruits.
Emerging Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Ikokwu Godwin Mmaduabuchi , Oseghale Ikalo David , Omoregie Imade , Ralph-Okhiria Osedebamen Hilary , Ighile Esosa Frances 
Published: June 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern worldwide, as it can make many commonly used antibiotics ineffective against bacterial infections. AMR occurs due to the emergence of new and more resistant bacterial strains and the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, it is crucial to find new ways to combat these pathogens. In this review, we will discuss the latest developments in AMR diagnostics, prevention, and treatment. We will explore the use of alternative antimicrobial agents, such as bacteriophages, peptides, and natural compounds, as well as the development of new drugs and vaccines. Additionally, we will investigate how genomics, proteomics, and nanotechnology can aid in discovering new antimicrobial agents and understanding the mechanisms of resistance. This review underscores the importance of finding new strategies to combat AMR and calls for global efforts to address this growing threat to public health. It will be a useful resource for clinicians and researchers working in infectious diseases and AMR.
Assessment of Determinants for Choosing Medical Sciences as a Career Path amongst Medical Students of University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Adheke Oghenefego Michael , Asiwe Nicholas , Uahomo Precious Ojo , Ezerioha Chidi Emmanuel , Wariboko Lenton Igwangi , Irozulike Faustina Chiamaka , Opara Angela Ijeoma 
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim: Presently, medical students form a vital group of aspiring health professionals that are trained in order to assist in promoting healthcare worldwide. However, there is need to understand how these students derive motivation based on various determinants that enable them in choosing to study related disciplines in medical sciences – hence the aim of this present study.
Materials and Methods: Using a qualitative, survey research design, this cross-sectional study comprising of two hundred (200) pre-medical and medical students (98 males and 102 females) between the ages of 16 to 25 years were randomly selected from the University of Port Harcourt and issued a semi-structured questionnaire containing two sections: socio-demographic variables and the determinants influencing career choice in medical sciences.
Results: The majority of respondents in the age range of 16 – 19 years (accounting for a combined 88.0% of student population) did fill their study questionnaires. There were significant age and gender differences in some of the determinants such as parental and peer influence, prospects of travelling abroad to practice, and financial benefits.
Conclusion: The study resolved that there was a need to educate these students to have the right motivation towards aspiring to study in the medical sciences.
A dataset of nectar sugar production for flowering plants found in urban green spaces
Authors: Tew Nicholas E. , Baldock Katherine C. R. , Morten Joanne M. , Bird Stephanie , Vaughan Ian P. , Memmott Jane 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Nectar and pollen are floral resources that provide food for insect pollinators, so quantifying their supplies can help us to understand and mitigate pollinator declines. However, most existing datasets of floral resource measurements focus on native plants found in rural landscapes, so cannot be used effectively for estimating supplies in urban green spaces, where non‐native ornamental plants often predominate.

We sampled floral nectar sugar in 225 plant taxa found in UK residential gardens and other urban green spaces, focussing on the most common species. The vast majority (94%) of our sampled taxa are non‐native, filling an important research gap and ensuring these data are also relevant outside of the United Kingdom.

Our dataset includes values of daily nectar sugar production for all 225 taxa and nectar sugar concentration for around half (102) of those sampled. Nectar extraction was conducted according to published methods, ensuring our values can be combined with other datasets.

We anticipate that the two main uses of these data are (1) to estimate the nectar production of habitats and landscapes and (2) to identify high‐nectar plants of conservation importance. To increase the utility of our data, we provide guidance for scaling nectar values up from single flowers to floral units, as is commonly done in field studies.
DNA Origami Signaling Units Transduce Chemical and Mechanical Signals in Synthetic Cells
Authors: Jahnke Kevin , Illig Maja , Scheffold Marlene , Tran Mai P. , Mersdorf Ulrike , Göpfrich Kerstin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransmembrane proteins transmit chemical signals as well as mechanical cues. The latter is often achieved by coupling to the cytoskeleton. The incorporation of fully engineerable membrane‐spanning structures for the transduction of chemical and, in particular, mechanical signals is therefore a critical aim for bottom‐up synthetic biology. Here, a membrane‐spanning DNA origami signaling units (DOSUs) is designed and mechanically coupled to DNA cytoskeletons encapsulated within giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The incorporation of the DOSUs into the GUV membranes is verified and clustering upon external stimulation is achieved. Dye‐influx assays reveal that clustering increases the insertion efficiency. The transmembrane‐spanning DOSUs act as pores to allow for the transport of single‐stranded DNA into the GUVs. This is employed to trigger the reconfiguration of DNA cytoskeletons within GUVs. In addition to chemical signaling, mechanical coupling of the DOSUs to the internal DNA cytoskeletons is induced. With chemical cues from the environment, clustering of the DOSUs is induced, which triggers a symmetry break in the organization of the DNA cytoskeleton inside of the GUV. DNA‐based transmembrane structures are engineered that transduce signals without transporting the signaling molecule itself—providing a route toward signal processing and adaptive synthetic cells.
Spin‐Phonon Scattering‐Induced Low Thermal Conductivity in a van der Waals Layered Ferromagnet Cr2Si2Te6
Authors: Yang Kunya , Wu Hong , Li Zefang , Ran Chen , Wang Xiao , Zhu Fengfeng , Gong Xiangnan , Liu Yan , Wang Guiwen , Zhang Long , Mi Xinrun , Wang Aifeng , Chai Yisheng , Su Yixi , Wang Wenhong , He Mingquan , Yang Xiaolong , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLayered van der Waals (vdW) magnets are prominent playgrounds for developing magnetoelectric, magneto‐optic, and spintronic devices. In spintronics, particularly in spincaloritronic applications, low thermal conductivity (κ) is highly desired. Herein, by combining thermal transport measurements with density functional theory calculations, this study demonstrates low κ down to 1 W m−1 K−1 in a typical vdW ferromagnet Cr2Si2Te6. In the paramagnetic state, development of magnetic fluctuations way above Tc = 33 K strongly reduces κ via spin‐phonon scattering, leading to low κ ≈ 1 W m−1 K−1 over a wide temperature range, in comparable to that of amorphous silica. In the magnetically ordered state, emergence of resonant magnon‐phonon scattering limits κ below ≈2 W m−1 K−1, which will be three times larger if magnetic scatterings are absent. Application of magnetic fields strongly suppresses the spin‐phonon scattering, giving rise to large enhancements of κ. This study's calculations well capture these complex behaviors of κ by taking the temperature‐ and magnetic‐field‐dependent spin‐phonon scattering into account. Realization of low κ, which is easily tunable by magnetic fields in Cr2Si2Te6, may further promote spincaloritronic applications of vdW magnets. This study's theoretical approach may also provide a generic understanding of spin‐phonon scattering, which appears to play important roles in various systems.
Cryopreservation in the Era of Cell Therapy: Revisiting Fundamental Concepts to Enable Future Technologies
Authors: Bai Bingyu , Xue Chencheng , Wen Yue , Lim Jet , Le Zhicheng , Shou Yufeng , Shin Sunmi , Tay Andy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCryopreservation strives to maximize the viability and biofunctionality of cells and tissues by cooling them to a subzero temperature to facilitate storage and delivery. This technology has enabled clinics and labs to preserve rare and crucial samples and is poised to become more important with rising interest in cell therapy. Here, the biological impact of cooling rates on different cellular components is first described, paying special emphasis on the differences between slow cooling and vitrification with a heat transfer perspective based on the Biot number. This is followed by an overview of various classes of chemical‐based cryoprotective agents including small molecules, antifreeze proteins, hydrogels, and cryoprotective nanomaterials. Most importantly, fundamental concepts of cryopreservation including Mazur's “two‐factor hypothesis” are revisited, gaps in them are highlighted, and experiments to validate reported claims to deepen mechanistic understanding of cryoprotection are proposed. A matric is also introduced to assess the suitability of biomaterials for use in cell therapy to support manufacturers in making strategic choices for storing clinical samples. It is believed that this review would inspire readers to scrutinize fundamental concepts in cryopreservation to facilitate the development of new cryoprotective materials and technologies to support the emerging cell manufacturing and therapy industry.
Graphene Implanted Shape Memory Polymers with Dielectric Gene Dominated Highly Efficient Microwave Drive
Authors: Wang Yu‐Chang , Wang Yu‐Ze , Shu Jin‐Cheng , Cao Wen‐Qiang , Li Chen‐Sha , Cao Mao‐Sheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicrowave‐driven strategy shows many advantages including selective energization, uniform heating, and high penetration depth, which is a hot topic in wireless actuators. Understanding microwave stimulus‐response mechanisms is the key to developing universal construction strategies for advanced microwave‐driven actuators. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with specified dielectric genes and thermal properties is implanted into the shape memory polymer, liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) as an example, to construct soft, reversible, and sensitive microwave actuators. Based on the analysis of microstructure and dielectric properties, LCE‐rGO composites exhibit excellent polarization relaxation‐dominated dielectric loss and electromagnetic (EM) energy conversion ability. The maximum dielectric loss factor (ε″) and loss tangent (tan δe) of LCE‐rGO are dramatically increased by 216% and 87.5% compared to pure LCE, respectively, and the optimum apparent energy harvest efficiency is 19.4 times higher than that of LCE. In addition, the implantation of rGO significantly lowers the microwave actuation threshold of LCE‐rGO composites and reinforces their stimulus‐response capacity. Response time under 750 W microwave irradiation of LCE‐rGO is shortened to <10s. These findings can provide a solid basis for the design and fabrication of highly efficient microwave stimuli‐responsive polymers and enlighten a new approach to wireless actuated smart devices.
Tunable Structured Metal Oxides for Biocatalytic Therapeutics
Authors: Yuan Minjia , Li Qian , Gao Yang , He Chao , Adli Mohsen , Wu Changzhu , Zhou Hongju , Luo Xianglin , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe past few decades have witnessed the flourish of creating metal oxides for biocatalytic therapeutics due to their structural diversities, feasible modifications, tunable catalytic sites, and low cost when compared to their natural enzyme counterparts. Here, in this timely review, the most recent progress and future trends in engineering tunable structured metal oxides and decoding their structure‐reactivity relationships for biocatalytic therapeutics is comprehensively summarized. At first, the fundamental activities, evaluations, and mechanisms of metal oxide‐based biocatalysts are carefully disclosed. Subsequently, the merits, design methods, and state‐of‐art achievements of different types of nanostructured and biofunctionalized metal oxides are thoroughly discussed. Thereafter, it provides detailed comments on the catalytic center modulation strategies to engineer metal oxides for efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐catalysis, including atomic catalytic site engineering, heterostructures, and support effects. Furthermore, the representative applications of these ROS‐catalytic metal oxides have been systematically summarized, such as catalytic disinfections, cancer therapies, ROS scavenging and anti‐inflammations, biocatalytic sensors, as well as corresponding toxicities. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted. It is believed that this review can provide cutting‐edge and multidisciplinary instruction for the future design of ROS‐catalytic metal oxides and stimulate their widespread utilization in broad therapeutic applications.
Magnetically Actuated Fiber‐Based Soft Robots
Authors: Lee Youngbin , Koehler Florian , Dillon Tom , Loke Gabriel , Kim Yoonho , Marion Juliette , Antonini Marc‐Joseph , Garwood Indie C. , Sahasrabudhe Atharva , Nagao Keisuke , Zhao Xuanhe , Fink Yoel , Roche Ellen T. , Anikeeva Polina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBroad adoption of magnetic soft robotics is hampered by the sophisticated field paradigms for their manipulation and the complexities in controlling multiple devices. Furthermore, high‐throughput fabrication of such devices across spatial scales remains challenging. Here, advances in fiber‐based actuators and magnetic elastomer composites are leveraged to create 3D magnetic soft robots controlled by unidirectional fields. Thermally drawn elastomeric fibers are instrumented with a magnetic composite synthesized to withstand strains exceeding 600%. A combination of strain and magnetization engineering in these fibers enables programming of 3D robots capable of crawling or walking in magnetic fields orthogonal to the plane of motion. Magnetic robots act as cargo carriers, and multiple robots can be controlled simultaneously and in opposing directions using a single stationary electromagnet. The scalable approach to fabrication and control of magnetic soft robots invites their future applications in constrained environments where complex fields cannot be readily deployed.
Dendritic Solid Polymer Electrolytes: A New Paradigm for High‐Performance Lithium‐Based Batteries
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Shi , Wang Qian , Shao Huaiyu , Jin Zhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLi‐ions battery is widely used and recognized, but its energy density based on organic electrolytes has approached the theoretical upper limit, while the use of organic electrolytes also brings some safety hazards (leakage and flammability). Polymer electrolytes (PEs) are expected to fundamentally solve the safety problem and improve energy density. Therefore, Li‐ions battery based on solid PE has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, low ionic conductivity and poor mechanical properties, as well as a narrow electrochemical window limit its further development. Dendritic PEs with unique topology structure has low crystallinity, high segmental mobility, and reduced chain entanglement, providing a new avenue for designing high‐performance PEs. In this review, the basic concept and synthetic chemistry of dendritic polymers are first introduced. Then, this story will turn to how to balance the mechanical properties, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability of dendritic PEs from synthetic chemistry. In addition, accomplishments on dendritic PEs based on different synthesis strategies and recent advances in battery applications are summarized and discussed. Subsequently, the ionic transport mechanism and interfacial interaction are deeply analyzed. In the end, the challenges and prospects are outlined to promote further development in this booming field.
Enhanced Free‐Radical Generation on MoS2/Pt by Light and Water Vapor Co‐Activation for Selective CO Detection with High Sensitivity
Authors: Xia Yi , Guo Shenghui , Yang Li , He Sufang , Zhou Liexing , Wang Mingjun , Gao Jiyun , Hou Ming , Wang Jing , Komarneni Sridhar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSemiconductor‐based gas sensors hold great promise for effective carbon monoxide (CO) detection. However, boosting sensor response and selectivity remains a key priority in moist conditions. In this study, a composite material, Pt quantum dots decorated MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2/Pt), is developed as a highly sensitive material for CO detection when facilitated with visible light. The MoS2/Pt sensor shows a significantly improved response (87.4%) with impressive response/recovery kinetics (20 s/17 s), long‐term stability (60 days), and good selectivity to CO at high humidity (≈60%). It is confirmed both experimentally and theoretically that the MoS2/Pt surface lowers the activation energy to convert CO to CO2 via the free radicals induced by the synergy of photochemical effects and water vapor. As a result, the MoS2/Pt surface promotes both CO response and selectivity, providing fundamental clues to improve room‐temperature semiconductor‐based sensors for gas detection under extreme conditions.
Chiral MOF Derived Wearable Logic Sensor for Intuitive Discrimination of Physiologically Active Enantiomer
Authors: Yang Xiu‐Li , Yang Zheng‐Ying , Shao Rong , Guan Rong‐Feng , Dong Su‐Li , Xie Ming‐Hua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChiral sensors have attracted growing interest due to their application in health monitoring. However, rational design of wearable logic chiral sensors remains a great challenge. In this work, a dual responsive chiral sensor RT@CDMOF is prepared through in situ self‐assembly of chiral γ‐cyclodextrin metal‐organic framework (CDMOF), rhodamine 6G hydrazide (RGH), and tetracyanovinylindane (TCN). The embedded RGH and TCN inherit the chirality of host CDMOF, producing dual changes both in fluorescence and reflectance. RT@CDMOF is explored as a dual channel sensor for chiral discrimination of lactate enantiomers. Comprehensive mechanistic studies reveal the chiral binding process, and carboxylate dissociation is confirmed by impedance and solid‐state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A flexible membrane sensor is successfully fabricated based on RT@CDMOF for wearable health monitoring. Practical evaluation confirms the potential of fabricated membrane sensor in point‐of‐care health monitoring by indexing the exercise intensity. Based on above, a chiral IMPLICATION logic unit can be successfully achieved, demonstrating the promising potential of RT@CDMOF in design and assembly of novel smart devices. This work may open a new avenue to the rational design of logic chiral sensors for wearable health monitoring applications.