bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extra‐High Mechanical and Phononic Anisotropy in Black Phosphorus Blisters
Authors: Cui Xuwei , Dong Wenlong , Feng Shizhe , Wang Guorui , Wang Congying , Wang Shijun , Zhou Yekai , Qiu Xiaohui , Liu Luqi , Xu Zhiping , Zhang Zhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStrain is an effective strategy to modulate the electrical, optical, and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials. Conventional circular blisters could generate a biaxial stretching of 2D membranes with notable strain gradients along the hoop direction. However, such a deformation mode cannot be utilized to investigate mechanical responses of in‐plane anisotropic 2D materials, for example, black phosphorus (BP), due to its crystallographic orientation dependence. Here, a novel rectangular‐shaped bulge device is developed to uniaxially stretch the membrane, and further provide a promising platform to detect orientation‐dependent mechanical and optical properties of anisotropic 2D materials. Impressively, the derived anisotropic ratio of Young's modulus of BP flakes is much higher than the values obtained via the nanoindentation method. The extra‐high strain‐dependent phononic anisotropy in Raman modes along different crystalline orientations is also observed. The designed rectangular budge device expands the uniaxial deformation methods available, allowing to explore the mechanical, and strain‐dependent physical properties of other anisotropic 2D materials more broadly.
Sodium Incorporation for Performance Improvement of Solution‐Processed Submicron CuIn(S,Se)2 Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Yao , Yin Guanchao , Schmid Martina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLow‐cost solution‐processed CuIn(S,Se)2 (CISSe) has great potential for large‐scale production of photovoltaics (PV). However, low power conversion efficiency caused by poor crystallinity is one of the main drawbacks compared to vacuum‐processed CISSe solar cells. In this work, three strategies for sodium (Na) incorporation into solution‐processed CISSe by soaking in sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous‐ethanol solution [1 molarity (M) for 10 minutes (min)], either prior to absorber deposition (pre‐deposition treatment, Pre‐DT), before selenization (pre‐selenization treatment, Pre‐ST), or after selenization (post‐selenization treatment, PST) are researched. The Pre‐ST CISSe solar cells achieve a better PV performance than those from the other two strategies of Na incorporation. For optimization, soaking times (5, 10, and 15 min) and NaCl concentrations (from 0.2 to 1.2 m) of the Pre‐ST are researched. The highest efficiency achieved is 9.6% with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 464.5 mV, a short‐circuit current density (jsc) of 33.4 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 62.0%. Compared to the reference CISSe solar cell, Voc, jsc, FF, and efficiency of the champion Pre‐ST CISSe device are improved absolutely by 61.0 mV, 6.5 mA cm−2, 9%, and 3.8%, respectively. Simultaneously, the open‐circuit voltage deficit, the back contact barrier, and the bulk recombination are found to be reduced for Pre‐ST CISSe.
Periodate‐Based Perovskite Energetic Materials: A Strategy for High‐Energy Primary Explosives
Authors: Chen Shiyong , Yi Zhenxin , Jia Chongwei , Li Yan , Chen Houhe , Zhu Shunguan , Zhang Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe requirements for high energy and green primary explosives are more and more stringent because of the rising demand in the application of micro initiation explosive devices. Four new energetic compounds with powerful initiation ability are reported and their performances are experimentally proven as designed, including non‐perovskites ([H2DABCO](H4IO6)2·2H2O, named TDPI‐0) and perovskitoid energetic materials (PEMs) ([H2DABCO][M(IO4)3]; DABCO=1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, M=Na+, K+, and NH4+ for TDPI‐1, ‐2, and ‐4, respectively). The tolerance factor is first introduced to guide the design of perovskitoid energetic materials (PEMs). In conjunction with [H2DABCO](ClO4)2·H2O (DAP‐0) and [H2DABCO][M(ClO4)3] (M=Na+, K+, and NH4+ for DAP‐1, ‐2, and ‐4), the physiochemical properties of the two series are investigated between PEMs and non‐perovskites (TDPI‐0 and DAP‐0). The experimental results show that PEMs have great advantages in improving the thermal stability, detonation performance, initiation capability, and regulating sensitivity. The influence of X‐site replacement is illustrated by hard–soft‐acid–base (HSAB) theory. Especially, TDPIs possess much stronger initiation capability than DAPs, which indicates that periodate salts are in favor of deflagration‐to‐detonation transition. Therefore, PEMs provide a simple and feasible method for designing advanced high energy materials with adjustable properties.
Nanoengineering Natural Leather for Dynamic Thermal Management and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Mo Caiqing , Lei Xiaojuan , Tang Xuelian , Wang Ming , Kang En‐Tang , Xu Liqun , Zhang Kai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnpredictable and extreme weather conditions, along with increasing electromagnetic pollution, have resulted in a significant threat to human health and productivity, causing irreversible damage to society's well‐being and economy. However, existing personal temperature management and electromagnetic protection materials lack adaptability to dynamic environmental changes. To address this, a unique asymmetric bilayer leather/a‐MWCNTs/CA fabric is developed by vacuum‐infiltrating interconnected a‐MWCNTs networks into natural leather's microfiber backbone and spraying porous acetic acid (CA) on the reverse side. Such fabric achieves simultaneous passive radiation cooling, heating, and anti‐electromagnetic interference functions without external energy input. The fabric's cooling layer has high solar reflectance (92.0%) and high infrared emissivity (90.2%), providing an average subambient radiation cooling effect of 10 °C, while the heating layer has high solar absorption (98.0%), enabling excellent passive radiative heating and effective compensation for warming via Joule heating. Additionally, the fabric's 3D conductive a‐MWCNTs network provides electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 35.0 dB mainly through electromagnetic wave absorption. This multimode electromagnetic shielding fabric can switch between cooling and heating modes to adapt to dynamic cooling and heating scenarios, providing a new avenue for sustainable temperature management and electromagnetic protection applications.
Thermal‐Induced Dopant Precipitation Enabling High‐Quality Surface Modification of LiCoO2
Authors: Li Jinhui , Zhang Zhengfeng , Qin Changdong , Jiang Yuyuan , Han Xiao , Xia Yueming , Sui Manling , Yan Pengfei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurface modification is an effective approach for overcoming the interfacial degradations to enable high electrochemical performance of battery materials, yet it is still challenging to realize high‐quality surface modification with simple processing, low cost, and mass production. Herein, a thermal‐induced surface precipitation phenomenon is reported in a Ti‐dopped LiCoO2, which can realize an ultrathin (≈5 nm) and uniform surface modification by a simple annealing process. It is revealed that surface Li‐deficiency enables bulk Ti to precipitate and segregate on the non‐(003) surface facets, forming a Ti‐enriched disordered layered structure. Such a surface modification layer can not only stabilize the interfacial chemistry but also significantly improve the charge/discharge reaction kinetics, leading to much‐improved cycling stability and rate capability. Dopants surface precipitation is a unique outward diffusion process, which differs from the current surface modification techniques and further diversifies these approaches for realizing high‐quality surface modification of battery materials.
Simultaneous quantification of Fluticasone propionate and Olopatadine hydrochloride by High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Patel Bhoomi , Patel Satish 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance thin‐layer chromatography has the capacity to run many samples simultaneously and reduced solvent usage. It offers a number of advantages that can save both time and money. The simultaneous quantification of fluticasone propionate and olopatadine hydrochloride in nasal spray has been developed and validated using a specific, precise, accurate, and economical high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography technique. Methanol:water:glacial acetic acid (8:2:0.05, v/v/v) was used as the mobile phase during the separation, which took place on a stationary phase of pre‐coated silica gel aluminum plate 60 F254. At 232 nm, separated components were densitometrically measured. The method was validated for linearity and range, precision, reproducibility, specificity, accuracy, the limit of detection, and the limit of quantification as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) guideline. Fluticasone propionate and olopatadine hydrochloride regression coefficients (R2) were found to be 0.9996 and 0.9991, accordingly. Fluticasone propionate and olopatadine hydrochloride percentage recoveries were measured to be 101.6 ± 0.69 and 99.62 ± 0.54, respectively. The analytical findings demonstrate that the proposed approach could be used to quantify Fluticasone propionate and olopatadine hydrochloride simultaneously in Pharmaceutical formulations.
A new intelligent sunflower optimization based explainable artificial intelligence approach for early‐age concrete compressive strength classification and mixture design of RAC
Authors: Ulucan Muhammed , Yildirim Gungor , Alatas Bilal , Alyamac Kursat Esat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aims to develop a new artificial intelligence model that can produce explainable rules to predict the mix design and early‐age concrete compressive strength classes of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Unlike other black‐box machine learning methods and rule‐based algorithms, the study relies on a metaheuristic mechanism for explainability. This metaheuristic mechanism is not used for a traditional parameter optimization, but to automatically extract interpretable and interpretable rules from the experimental data. In the study, 30 series of RACs are produced, and the samples’ 1‐ and 3‐day early‐age concrete compressive strength values are determined. Concretes produced using these strength values are classified. The labels defined for each concrete class are Class A (C 8/10), Class B (C 12/15), Class C (C 16/20), and Class D (C 20/25). The proposed intelligent classification model that consists of rule set automatically produces interpretable and comprehensible rules from data to determine the early‐age concrete compressive strength class and RAC mix amounts. In addition, the proposed method eliminates the black‐box disadvantages of classical machine learning methods with its explainability and interpretability feature. The sunflower optimization algorithm is adapted as the metaheuristic mechanism and a special fitness function and representative solution form are developed for automatic extraction of high‐quality comprehensible rules by simultaneously optimizing many different metrics. This paper is the first interpretable and comprehensible artificial intelligence model attempt used for early‐age compressive strength classification and mixture design of recycled aggregate concrete by balancing and optimizing both the accuracy and explainability. Proposed explainable intelligent classification model is tested against both well‐known state‐of‐the‐art machine learning algorithms and standard rule‐based methods on the produced real data. Promising results in terms of accuracy, precision, recall are obtained along with the explainability feature.
Research on the Classification Method of Refrigerator Ingredients Based on Inception Structure
Authors: Cui Xuerong , Wang Dexin , Li Juan , Jiang Bin , Li Shibao , Liu JianHang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the continuous development of intelligent refrigerators, users are having higher and higher requirements for smart management of refrigerator contents. When using traditional machine learning algorithms to deal with refrigerator ingredients classification, problems such as slow recognition speed and low accuracy would often arise. At the same time, the classification accuracy is easily affected by the location of the content. Therefore, this paper uses continuous asymmetric convolutions and depthwise separable convolutions to improve the original Inception model and builds a classification prediction network based on the improved Inception model. The steps to applying the said model is as follows: First, we put the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag on the food in the refrigerator, and then we collect the antenna data RSSI received by each tag through the reader. Finally, the RSSI is preprocessed and entered into the classification network to determine the location of the label. The proposed classification network has the advantages of possessing a simple structure, easy expansion of network depth, and fewer training parameters. The experimental results show that compared with other machine learning algorithms and pure convolution networks, the lightweight network model based on the improved Inception structure demonstrates great superiority. Compared with the original Inception structure, the enhanced network model is more lightweight. The number of parameters is reduced by 50%, and the amount of float‐point operations is reduced by 34%. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the lightweight model has been improved by 0.6%. Thus the improved model has better prediction performance in the classification of refrigerator content. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Colorado River water crisis: Its origin and the future
Authors: Schmidt John C. , Yackulic Charles B. , Kuhn Eric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring much of the 21st century, natural runoff in the Colorado River basin has declined, while consumption has remained relatively constant, leading to historically low reservoir storage. Between January 2000 and April 2023, the amount of water stored in Lake Mead and Lake Powell, the two largest reservoirs in the United States, declined by 33.5 million acre feet (41.3 billion cubic meters). As of April 2023, total basin‐wide storage was sufficient to support the 21st century average rate of basin‐wide consumption for only 15 months. Runoff in spring 2023 is predicted to be large, providing a short‐term reprieve. However, it will take four to five additional unusually wet years in succession to refill Lake Powell and Lake Mead if basin‐wide water use remains unchanged. Increasing evapotranspiration and dry soils associated with global climate change makes such a scenario unlikely. To stabilize reservoir storage, basin‐wide use needs to equal modern runoff. To recover reservoir storage, basin‐wide use needs to decline even more. Based on 21st century average runoff, a 13%–20% decline in basin‐wide use would allow for stabilization and some reservoir storage recovery. Future policy debate about reservoir operations will inevitably concern whether most, or all, reservoir storage should be in Lake Mead or in Lake Powell. The choice of one or the other will result in significantly different environmental and recreational outcomes for Glen Canyon and the Grand Canyon.This article is categorized under:Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on EcosystemsHuman Water > Water GovernanceScience of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Conclusions
Authors: Lambert Laurent A. , Elayah Moosa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the two decades of the US War on Terror, the indicators of peace, stability, and security have markedly deteriorated in nearly two-thirds of the countries of the broad Middle East region, wherein American foreign policy has become particularly resented, as expressed in various survey polls. The United States had never fought for so long a war (and legally, the War on Terror is still continuing), and the political structures of the Middle East never had been so fundamentally challenged—and in a few countries, destroyed—since World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire a century ago. The War on Terror, as such or under different names, has been characterized by grand policy claims, the actual destabilization of dozens of countries, the widespread use of torture, the endemic corruption of tribal and government elites, the polarization of inter-state relations across the Middle East, counter-productive policies of drone bombings with frequent collateral civilian victims, and large-scale migrations across and from a region that will need decades to reconstruct itself and heal from the trauma. Building upon the previous nine chapters, this final section presents our conclusions as to why the WoT failed so badly in the region and why the role of the United States has sharply declined in importance there, having identified four main reasons. Finally, we explain that the long-announced regional withdrawal of the United States has disappointed traditional partners. Tellingly, Egypt, Israel, and the Gulf monarchies have decided in 2022 to not abide by the US sanctions against Russia in order not to antagonize an international power that has become particularly influential in Syria, Iran, and the broad region, at a time when Washington seems to be losing always more ground to what it has officially called in its strategic doctrine “near-peer competitors”, i.e., Russia and China.
Study on the Calculation Mode of Rod Piece Reliability
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Zheng Peng , Zhang Zhenkang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the strength stability and stiffness reliability calculation model of the member bar under the basic deformation of the online elastic range was studied. JC method was used to analyze the reliability of the member considering the different distribution of random variables, and the correlation of failure modes was considered to calculate the failure probability-general range.
Complex Frequency-Domain Oscillation Analysis of the Pumped-Storage Systems
Authors: Zheng Yang , Liu Wushuang , Zhou Xuan , Liu Wanying , Chen Qijuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydraulic impedance, as an efficient frequency-domain analysis alternative, has been widely utilized in hydraulic transient analysis for decades. Since the mathematical expressions of hydraulic systems with complicated pipe networks are usually rather complex, it is difficult for the traditional continuous impedance method to obtain the analytical solutions to the system’s frequency responses directly. Therefore, an equivalent circuit modeling-based discrete impedance method is proposed to mathematically express the hydraulic systems of a pumped storage plant system with complicated pipe networks. Through drawing an analogy between various hydraulic facilities and different types of electrical circuits, the equivalent circuit topology of any hydraulic system can be obtained according to the circuit theory in electrical engineering. The oscillation analysis of the pumped-storage power plant is conducted, and influences of the pump-turbine impedance on the system’s oscillation characteristics have been discussed.
Project Budget Comparison of a Conventional Building and a Seismically Isolated Building
Authors: Catlioglu Oguzcan , Mahcicek Senem Bilir , Yanik Arcan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere have been numerous studies in the past three decades about seismic isolation in the field of structural and earthquake engineering. However the studies that take into account economical aspects of implementing seismic isolation to the structures are very rare. In this study, firstly the costs of both conventional and seismically isolated buildings are calculated. Then, the seismically isolated and conventional buildings are compared in terms of their seismic performance and the project budget. Finally, the results of the seismic performance and the cost benefit are presented and discussed. It is obtained from this paper that, although the initial construction cost of the seismically isolated structure is obviously more than the conventional building, eventually in a possible earthquake scenario seismic isolation may provide financial advantage over the conventional building case.
Study on Seepage Mechanism and Stability of Unsaturated Slope Based on Trefftz Method
Authors: Su Yan , Yang Lingjun , Lin Chuan , Guo Guolin , Tang Yanfeng , Lin Yangmin , Xie Xiudong , Hong Lidan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a space–time Trefftz method (STM) to study the seepage mechanism and stability of unsaturated slopes. The groundwater flow under transient conditions is important in engineering practice for solving practical problems such as assessing the stability of unsaturated soil slopes. Based on the transient groundwater equation, we derived the Trefftz basis functions by splitting the variables. The solutions are approximated using Trefftz basis functions in the space–time domain. The Stabl software is subsequently employed to analyze the stability of the slope under the rainfall recharge condition with the combined reservoir water level fall. The results demonstrate that the steeper the hydraulic slope drop under combined reservoir water level fall and rainfall infiltration, the more unstable the slope becomes.
The Problem of the Local Stress/strain Modes in the Matrix of Fibrous Composites
Authors: Kolpakov A. G. , Rakin S. I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOn the basis of numerical solutions of the cellular problem of the theory of elasticity, an analysis was made of the deformation modes of the binder cross-reinforced with fibers of the composite at the microlevel. All possible types of local deformation of the binder of the fiber-reinforced composite, predicted in the simplified model in (Kalamkarov A L, Kolpakov A G: Analysis, Design and Optimization of Composite Structures. Wiley, Chichester (1997)), are found in numerical calculations. It is found that the local stress–strain state of the binder depends on the cross-sectional shape of the fibers. In particular, for fibers with a circular cross-section, one of the modes is strongly weakened. Numerical calculations do not show the presence of modes other than those described in (Kalamkarov A L, Kolpakov A G: Analysis, Design and Optimization of Composite Structures. Wiley, Chichester (1997)). If, in the case of square fibers, the assessment of the stress–strain state value is possible using simplified formulas from (Kalamkarov A L, Kolpakov A G: Analysis, Design and Optimization of Composite Structures. Wiley, Chichester (1997)), then for fibers of other sections, it is necessary to use a computer to calculate the stress–strain state.
Grid-on-Grid Transformation for Integrating Spatial Reference System of Multi-source Data
Authors: Habib Maan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe accessible, up-to-date, reliable, and usable data are considered sustainability tools for developing spatial data infrastructure. Geospatial data come from multi-sources and are georeferenced using an appropriate mapping reference system. Artificial satellite positioning data are now defined on a global geocentric frame, whereas traditional geodetic networks were built on a national datum. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) coordinate transformations are required for data harmonization using control points that can be caused some discrepancies between the physical reality and represented positions. In practice, grid-on-grid conversion is a mathematical model matching GNSS observations and official spatial data through two common datasets to minimize the datum-to-datum transformation errors. This research conducts a comparative analytical study of the conformal polynomial algorithms for map-matching with global coordinates utilizing least-squares estimation. The findings indicated that the proposed approach provides superior performance and employs any area with high accuracy.