bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Salvucci’s Semi-analytical Solution for Bare Soil Evaporation with New Consideration of Vapour Diffusion and Film Flow
Authors: Mathias Simon A. , Sander Graham C. , Leung Jessica , Newall Samuel R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBare soil evaporation is controlled by a combination of capillary flow, vapour diffusion and film flow. Relevant analytical solutions mostly assume horizontal flow conditions and ignore gravitational effects. Salvucci (1997) provided a rare example of a semi-analytical solution for vertical bare soil evaporation. However, they did not explicitly represent vapour diffusion and film flow, which are likely to account for a significant proportion of total flow during vertical evaporation from soils. Vapour diffusion and film flow can be incorporated via Salvucci’s desorptivity parameter, which represents the proportionality constant relating Stage 2 cumulative evaporation to the square root of time under horizontal flow conditions. The objective of this article is to implement vapour diffusion and film flow within Salvucci’s semi-analytical solution and test its performance by comparison with isothermal numerical simulation and relevant experimental data. The following important conclusions are drawn. Analytical solutions that assume horizontal flow conditions are inadequate for understanding vertical evaporation problems because they overestimate evaporation rates and mostly predict vapour diffusion and film flow to be of negligible influence. Salvucci’s semi-analytical solution is effective at predicting the order-of-magnitude reduction in evaporation caused by gravitational effects. However, it is unable to identify the correct importance of vapour diffusion and film flow because these processes can only be represented through its desorptivity parameter.
Breakthrough: a first-in-class virtual simulator for dose optimization of ACE inhibitors in translational cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Schneider Benjamin K. , Ward Jessica , Sotillo Samantha , Garelli-Paar Catherine , Guillot Emilie , Prikazsky Marc , Mochel Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-systems (RAAS) play a central role in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure (CHF), justifying the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) in dogs and humans with cardiac diseases. Seminal studies in canine CHF had suggested that the pharmacological action of benazepril was relatively independent of doses greater than 0.25 mg/kg P.O, thereby providing a rationale for the European labeled dose of benazepril in dogs with CHF. However, most of these earlier studies relied on measures of ACE activity, a sub-optimal endpoint to characterize the effect of ACEi on the RAAS. The objectives of this study were (i) to expand on previous mathematical modeling efforts of the dose-exposure–response relationship of benazepril on biomarkers of the RAAS which are relevant to CHF pathophysiology and disease prognosis; and (ii) to develop a software implementation capable of simulating clinical trials in benazepril in dogs bedside dose optimization. Our results suggest that 0.5 mg/kg PO q12h of benazepril produces the most robust reduction in angiotensin II and upregulation of RAASalternative pathwaybiomarkers. This model will eventually be expanded to include relevant clinical endpoints, which will be evaluated in an upcoming prospective trial in canine patients with CHF.
Novel, Validated 5-Point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of the Neck and Décolleté
Authors: Kerscher Martina , Green Jeremy , Day Doris , Ogilvie Alexandra , Pavicic Tatjana , Lim Tingsong , Hayano Windie , Lorenc Z Paul , Hernandez Claudia , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Prinz Valentina , Cajkovsky Mia , Pooth Rainer 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a scarcity of scales that assess platysmal bands, wrinkles in the décolleté, and horizontal neck lines in the digital and live setting.

Objectives
The objective of this investigation was to create and validate 5-point photonumeric scales that assess horizontal neck lines, platysmal bands, and wrinkles in the décolleté.

Methods
A medical team created 3 different novel 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of horizontal neck lines, platysmal bands, and décolleté wrinkling. Eleven international raters were involved in the digital validation, and 4 raters performed a live validation.

Results
The Croma (Leobendorf, Austria) Horizontal Neck Lines Assessment Scale showed substantial interrater agreement and almost perfect intrarater agreement in the digital and live validations, respectively. The Croma Platysmal Bands Assessment Scale showed substantial intrarater agreement in both digital and live validations. For the décolleté, a static scale and a dynamic scale were created and validated. The Croma Static Décolleté Wrinkles Assessment Scale showed substantial and almost perfect interrater agreement in the digital and live validations, respectively, and the intrarater agreement in both was almost perfect. The Croma Dynamic Décolleté Wrinkles Assessment Scale showed almost perfect agreement in both validation settings for both interrater and intrarater measures.

Conclusions
The Croma Horizontal Neck Lines Assessment Scale and the Croma Static and Dynamic Décolleté Wrinkles Assessment Scales have sufficient interrater and intrarater agreement for justifiable use in clinical and research settings.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding describes biodiversity across marine gradients
Authors: Adams Clare I M , Jeunen Gert-Jan , Cross Hugh , Taylor Helen R , Bagnaro Antoine , Currie Kim , Hepburn Chris , Gemmell Neil J , Urban Lara , Baltar Federico , Stat Michael , Bunce Michael , Knapp Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In response to climate change, biodiversity patterns in the oceans are predicted to shift rapidly, thus increasing the need for efficient monitoring methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding recently emerged as a potent and cost-effective candidate to answer this challenge. We targeted three molecular markers to determine multicellular metazoan communities from two timepoints across a long-standing transect in the Southern Hemisphere, the Munida Observational Time Series. We detected four community types across the successive water masses—neritic, sub-tropical, frontal, and sub-Antarctic—crossed by the transect, together with important community differences between the two sampling points. From indicator species analysis, we found diversity patterns were mostly driven by planktonic organisms. Mesopelagic communities differed from surface-water communities in the sub-Antarctic water mass, with at-depth communities dominated by single-cellular organisms. We evaluate the ability of eDNA to detect species-compositional changes across surface and depth gradients and lay the foundations for using this technique in multi-trophic environmental monitoring efforts across long time series. We observed community differences across time and space. More intensive sampling will be critical to fully capture diversity across marine gradients, but this multi-trophic method represents an invaluable opportunity to understand shifts in marine biota.
Mrhst4gene, coding for NAD+-dependent deacetylase is involved in citrinin production ofMonascus ruber
Authors: Hu Yifan , Zheng Yunfan , Liu Baixue , Gong Yunxia , Shao Yanchun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsIn this study, Mrhst4, encoding a member of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC), was deleted to evaluate its regulation on the production of Monascus azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs) and mycotoxin, as well as the developmental process in Monascusruber.Methods and resultsAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was applied in this study to generate the Mrhst4 null strain. Mrhst4-deleted strain did not display obvious differences in the sexual and asexual reproduction, colonial morphology, and micro-morphology. UV–Vis scan and UPLC detection showed that disruption of Mrhst4 significantly increased the MonAzPs yields, and citrinin content was dramatically enhanced during the tested period. RT-qPCR results showed that the absence of Mrhst4 significantly increased the relative expression of citrinin biosynthetic pathway genes including pksCT, mrl1, mrl2, mrl4, mrl6, and mrl7. The Western blot assay suggested that deletion of Mrhst4 could significantly elevate the acetylation levels of H3K4, H3K9, H3K18, H3K56, and H4K12, but attenuated the lysine acetylation modification of H4Pan, H4K8, and H4K16.ConclusionMrHst4 is an important regulator involved in secondary metabolism in Monascus ruber. In particular, MrHst4 plays a pivotal role in regulation of citrinin production.
Unraveling baroclinicity in black hole weather storms
Authors: Wittor Denis , Gaspari Massimo 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
In the intracluster, intragroup, and circumgalactic medium (ICM, IGrM, CGM), turbulence plays a vital role in the self-regulated feedback and feeding cycle of central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Here, we continue our systematic dissection of the turbulent ‘weather’ in high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of feedback driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN). In non-barotropic and stratified atmospheres, baroclinicity is expected to generate fresh turbulence via misaligned gradients of density and pressure – such as in cyclonic storms on Earth. In this work, we dissect for the first time baroclinicity and its components in the astrophysical halo weather. Over the macro-scale galaxy cluster, baroclinicity tends to be dynamically subdominant for the enstrophy amplification. However, at and below the meso scale near the SMBH (r &lt; 10 kpc; t &lt; 20 Myr), baroclinicity is important to seed the initial enstrophy during active periods of AGN jet feedback. We find that baroclinicity shows stronger correlation with the density rather than pressure gradients. Despite the density-pressure gradient misalignment being often below 45°, their amplitudes boosted by mechanical AGN feedback are sufficient to enable key enstrophy/turbulence generation. Our study provides a novel step forward in understanding astrophysical atmospheres toward a unified BlackHoleWeather framework, akin to the complexity of Earth’s weather.
Development and Multi-Site External Validation of a Generalizable Risk Prediction Model for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Walsh Colin G. , Ripperger Michael A. , Hu Yirui , Sheu Yi-han , Wilimitis Drew , Zheutlin Amanda B. , Rocha Daniel , Choi Karmel W. , Castro Victor M. , Kirchner H. Lester , Chabris Christopher F. , Davis Lea K. , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBipolar disorder is a leading contributor to disability, premature mortality, and suicide. Early identification of risk for bipolar disorder using generalizable predictive models trained on diverse cohorts around the United States could improve targeted assessment of high risk individuals, reduce misdiagnosis, and improve the allocation of limited mental health resources.This observational case-control study intended to develop and validate generalizable predictive models of bipolar disorder as part of the multisite, multinational PsycheMERGE Consortium across diverse and large biobanks with linked electronic health records (EHRs) from three academic medical centers: in the Northeast (Massachusetts General Brigham), the Mid-Atlantic (Geisinger) and the Mid-South (Vanderbilt University Medical Center).Predictive models were developed and validated with multiple algorithms at each study site: random forests, gradient boosting machines, penalized regression, including stacked ensemble learning algorithms combining them. Predictors were limited to widely available EHR-based features agnostic to a common data model including demographics, diagnostic codes, and medications. The main study outcome was bipolar disorder diagnosis as defined by the International Cohort Collection for Bipolar Disorder, 2015.In total, the study included records for 3,529,569 patients including 12,533 cases (0.3%) of bipolar disorder. After internal and external validation, algorithms demonstrated optimal performance in their respective development sites. The stacked ensemble achieved the best combination of overall discrimination (AUC = 0.82 - 0.87) and calibration performance with positive predictive values above 5% in the highest risk quantiles at all three study sites.In conclusion, generalizable predictive models of risk for bipolar disorder can be feasibly developed across diverse sites to enable precision medicine. Comparison of a range of machine learning methods indicated that an ensemble approach provides the best performance overall but required local retraining. These models will be disseminated via the PsycheMERGE Consortium website.
Ulinastatin Ameliorates Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting the tissue kallikrein-kinin system
Authors: Ran Xiao , Ruan Hang , Li Shu-sheng , Wu Rongxue , Luo Ailin , Zhang Qin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial cells (ECs) are considered more sensitive to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury compared to cardiomyocytes. However, current research is mainly focused on molecular mechanisms and preventive strategies targeting cardiomyocyte I/R injury, whereas insufficient attention is placed on protecting endothelial function.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we established an interlink among ulinastatin (UIT; a serine protease inhibitor), the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), and EC injury in response to cardiac reperfusion for the first time, using in vitro and in vivo experiments, and bioinformatic analysis. Our data indicated that UTI affected I/R by inhibiting the activation of KKS and simultaneously down-regulating both bradykinin receptor 1 (Bdkrb1) and bradykinin receptor 2 (Bdkrb2) related signaling such as extracellularsignal–regulated kinase (ERK)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thereby reducing infarct size, attenuating inflammation and edema, and improving cardiac function and mortality.Interestingly, UIT significantly suppressed KLK1 activity but did not down-regulate the KKS in normal conditions, suggesting inhibition of KLK1 might be the crucial mechanism for UIT-induced cardioprotection in reperfusion injury. Moreover, knockdown of Bdkrb1 in reperfusion-induced cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs) injury significantly prevented ERK translocation into the nucleus, reducing apoptosis, junction disruption, and expression levels of cytokines, whereas Bdkrb2 deletion could not protect MCECs against I/R injury.ConclusionsOur findings imply that inhibition of KLK1/Bdkrb1 is a critical target for UIT in the treatment of reperfusion-induced cardiac endothelial inflammation, apoptosis, and leakage and might be a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac reperfusion injury.
Polygenic risk scores for autoimmune related diseases are significantly different and skewed in cancer exceptional responders
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Tan Amelia LM , Perry Cassandra , Churchill Susanne , Vella Margaret , Mao Jenny , Viswanadham Vinay , Kobren Shilpa , Kohane Isaac S 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA group of 54 exceptional responders (ERs) to cancer treatment across a variety of cancers and treatments were compared to typical cancer patients using previously defined polygenic risk scores (PRS) for multiple autoimmune-related diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D), hypothyroidism, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel (IBD) disease. Most of the ERs were not treated with checkpoint inhibitors and included a broad array of tumor types. Significantly elevated PRSs were found between ERs relative to typical cancer patients in T1D, hypothyroidism, and psoriasis. IBD PRS scores were significantly decreased in the ERs.
An adjustable magnetic levator prosthesis for customizable eyelid reanimation in severe blepharoptosis: Design and proof-of-concept
Authors: Kurukuti Nish Mohith , Nadeau Melanie , Paschalis Eleftherios I. , Houston Kevin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTPurposeBlepharoptosis is a common oculoplastic condition defined as incomplete opening of the upper eyelid. Although surgical approaches have become the mainstay for correction, they often fail to improve blink function. The purpose of this study was to develop an adjustable magnetic levator prosthesis (aMLP) as a non-surgical treatment option for severe ptosis, that allows blink reanimation.MethodsMagnetic force required to perform blink reanimation was characterized by evaluation of eye opening and closing using inter-palpebral fissure (IPF) outcomes with various combinations of eyelid array magnet and box magnets. The force that provided the optimal eye opening without limiting eye closing was selected for the development of the aMLP. The aMLP included an eyelid array magnet and an adjustable rotating spectacle magnet that allowed change in the magnetic direction, and hence change in the net magnetic interactive force between the spectacle and lid magnets. The clinical feasibility of the aMLP in improving eye opening without limiting eye closing was evaluated in ptosis patients through a proof-of-concept study using IPF and comfort outcomes.ResultsOptimal eye opening and closing was achieved by a magnet-array combination providing 45gF in the tested ptosis population. Optimal size of spectacle magnet for aMLP was selected based on the simulations of rotating diametrically magnetized cylindrical magnets to achieve force ranges required for blink reanimation. The aMLP was able to modulate eye opening and closing with change in rotation (fitting) of the spectacle magnet in two ptotic patients. The best fitting of aMLP improved IPF opening without limiting eye closing (spontaneous or volitional blinking) with good comfort reported.ConclusionsPreliminary results suggest that the aMLP can correct ptosis without adversely affecting blink function. Further evaluation in a larger patient population is warranted.Translational RelevanceA non-surgical, proof-of-concept, adjustable magnetic treatment option for blink reanimation in patients with severe ptosis is presented.
Safety and immunogenicity of SCB-2019, an adjuvanted, recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine in healthy 12–17 year-old adolescents
Authors: Lopez Pio , Bravo Lulu , Buntinx Erik , Borja-Tabora Charissa , Velasquez Hector , Rodriguez Edith Johana , Rodriquez Camilo A. , Carlos Josefina , Montellano May Emmeline B. , Alberto Edison R. , Salvani-Bautista Milagros , Huang Yung , Hu Branda , Li Ping , Han Htay Htay , Baccarini Carmen , Smolenov Igor 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe previously demonstrated efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate, SCB-2019, in adults in the SPECTRA phase 2/3 efficacy study. We extended the study to include 1278 healthy 12–17-year-old adolescents in Belgium, Colombia and the Philippines who received either two doses of SCB-2019 or placebo 21 days apart, to assess immunogenicity as neutralizing antibodies against prototype SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern, and safety and reactogenicity as solicited and unsolicited adverse events with a comparator group of young adults (18–25 years). In participants with no evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection SCB-2019 immunogenicity in adolescents was non-inferior to that in young adults; respective geometric mean neutralizing titers (GMT) against prototype SARS-CoV-2 14 days after the second vaccination were 271 IU/mL (95% CI: 211–348) and 144 IU/mL (116–178). Most adolescents (1077, 84.3%) had serologic evidence of prior SAR-CoV-2 exposure at baseline; in these seropositive adolescents neutralizing GMTs increased from 173 IU/mL (135–122) to 982 IU/mL (881–1094) after the second dose. Neutralizing titers against Delta and Omicron BA SARS-CoV-2 variants were also increased, most notably in those with prior exposure.SCB-2019 vaccine was well tolerated with generally mild or moderate, transient solicited and unsolicited adverse events that were comparable in adolescent vaccine and placebo groups except for injection site pain – reported after 20% of SCB-2019 and 7.3% of placebo injections. SCB-2019 vaccine was highly immunogenic against SARS-CoV-2 prototype and variants in adolescents, especially in those with evidence of prior exposure, with comparable immunogenicity to young adults.Clinical trial registrationEudraCT 2020-004272-17;ClinicalTrials.govNCT04672395.
To ascertain the awareness among triage staff about clinical conditions treated in the Department of Hand Surgery from their referral pattern : A cross sectional observational study in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sethu Maithreyi , Rajappa Srinivasan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo ascertain the referral pattern and the awareness about clinical conditions treated in the Department of Hand Surgery among the triage staff.To determine if is there a difference between the triaging by the doctors and by the junior (less than 5 years in service) and the senior nurses (more than 5 years in service) with reference to clinical conditions which are treated in the Hand surgery Department.Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional observational study which was conducted in a tertiary care center in India. The study involved a total of 115 participants with junior nurses, senior nurses and doctors working in the triage service of the hospital.All participants were shown a semi-structured tool with clinical scenarios which had photographs and clinical information in text, on a computer screen using Microsoft PowerPoint. The clinical scenario was also narrated to them. The referral pattern was noted down and tabulated.ResultsIt is interesting to note that,Only in 1 out of the 20 scenarios, hand surgery was the most frequently referred department.Most of the Bony injuries of the hand and the forearm were mainly referred to orthopaedics.Burns and raw areas of the forearm were frequently referred to plastic surgery.Hand deformities were commonly referred to either plastic surgery or orthopaedics.Nerve injuries were referred to neurology and orthopaedics typically.Orthopaedics was the most referred department.The average reference percentage of the junior nurse was 3.91%, senior nurse was 21.9% and doctors was 23.95%. Junior nurses performed exceedingly poor in referring cases to the department of hand surgery as compared to the other two subgroups.ConclusionThis study shows us the drawbacks in our present triaging system emphasizing the need for training our staff on new departments referral pattern, the advancements, and updated protocols.