bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forming regional soil carbon networks to support effective climate change solutions
Authors: Lawrence Gregory , Fernandez Ivan , Bailey Scott , Beier Colin , Contosta Alexandra , Lane Erin , Murdoch Peter , Nave Lucas , Quintana Angelica , Ross Donald , White Alissa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSequestration and storage of organic carbon (C) in soil is an essential component of climate change mitigation and fundamental in promoting the health and climate resilience of soils. Sources of available soil C data are increasing, which complicates efforts to consolidate the data in forms that can be readily used by stakeholders. Spatial and temporal gaps in data availability also limit the quantification of changes in soil C through space and time. Improved coordination among producers and users of soil C data would provide data compatibility at the spatial and temporal resolution required for C monitoring, accounting, and verification of policy implementation. These challenges can be addressed by forming regional‐scale networks to coordinate the collection and use of soil C data by promoting consistency in methods, collecting new data to fill critical gaps, integrating existing data from multiple sources, and providing data interpretation to stakeholders in readily usable forms. Forming networks in regions such as the Northeastern United States would require close coordination with existing programs that are involved in collecting or aggregating soil C within that region. Network formation could be accomplished by (1) producing a planning document, (2) designing a network structure tailored to the region, and (3) acquiring the institutional support to establish and operate the network. Increasing the availability and usage of soil C data through regional networks would support the development of climate change solutions and increased ecosystem services through land management efforts that increase soil C storage.
Multiple Routes to Bicontinuous Cubic Liquid Crystal Phases Discovered by High‐Throughput Self‐Assembly Screening of Multi‐Tail Lipidoids
Authors: Jennings James , Pabst Georg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBicontinuous cubic phases offer advantageous routes to a broad range of applied materials ranging from drug delivery devices to membranes. However, a priori design of molecules that assemble into these phases remains a technological challenge. In this article, a high‐throughput synthesis of lipidoids that undergo protonation‐driven self‐assembly (PrSA) into liquid crystalline (LC) phases is conducted. With this screening approach, 12 different multi‐tail lipidoid structures capable of assembling into the bicontinuous double gyroid phase are discovered. The large volume of small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data uncovers unexpected design criteria that enable phase selection as a function of lipidoid headgroup size and architecture, tail length and architecture, and counterion identity. Surprisingly, combining branched headgroups with bulky tails forces lipidoids to adopt unconventional pseudo‐disc conformations that pack into double gyroid networks, entirely distinct from other synthetic or biological amphiphiles within bicontinuous cubic phases. From a multitude of possible applications, two examples of functional materials from lipidoid liquid crystals are demonstrated. First, the fabrication of gyroid nanostructured films by interfacial PrSA, which are rapidly responsive to the external medium. Second, it is shown that colloidally‐dispersed lipidoid cubosomes, for example, for drug delivery, are easily assembled using top‐down solvent evaporation methods.
Photo‐Activated Direct Catalytic Oxidation of Gaseous Benzene with a Cu‐Connected Serial Heterojunction Array of Co3O4/CuxO/Foam Cu Assembled via Layer upon Layer Oxidation
Authors: He Dan , Ma Yuxuan , Yang Xiaoxue , Li Huiqin , Wang Xiaojing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe foam copper (FCu) has been first used as a promising supporting material to prepare a photo‐activated catalyst of Co3O4/CuxO/FCu, in which the fine Co3O4 particles are inlayed on the CuxO nanowires to form a Z‐type heterojunction array connected by substrate Cu. The prepared samples have been used as a photo‐activated catalyst to directly decompose gaseous benzene and the optimized Co3O4/CuxO/FCu demonstrates a 99.5% removal efficiency and 100% mineralizing rate within 15 min in benzene concentration range from 350 to 4000 ppm under simulate solar light irradiation. To track the reactive mechanism, a series of MOx/CuxO/FCu (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) is prepared and a novel photo‐activated direct catalytic oxidation route is proposed based on the comparative investigation of material properties. Moreover, the approach grew in situ via layer upon layer oxidation on FCu dedicates to the extra lasting reusability and the easy accessibility in the diverse situations. This work provides a novel strategy for the preparation of Cu connected series multidimensional heterojunction array and a promising application for the quick abatement of the high‐leveled concentration gaseous benzene and its derivatives from the industrial discharged flow or the accident scene's leakage.
Sequential‐Dependent Synthesis of Bimetallic Silver‐Chromium Nanoparticles for Multichannel Sensing, Logic Computing, and 3 in 1 Information Protection
Authors: Liu Qing Yu , Wu Ying , Bu Zhen Qi , Quan Min Xia , Lu Jiao Yang , Huang Wei Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBimetallic nanomaterials (BNMs) have been used in sensing, biomedicine, and environmental remediation, but their multipurpose and comprehensive applications in molecular logic computing and information security protection have received little attention. Herein, This synthesis method is achieved by sequentially adding reactants under ice bath conditions. Interestingly, Ag‐Cr NPs can dynamically selectively sense anions and reductants in multiple channels. Especially, ClO− can be quantitatively detected by oxidizing Ag‐Cr NPs with detection limits of 98.37 nM (at 270 nm) and 31.83 nM (at 394 nm). Based on sequential‐dependent synthesis process of Ag‐Cr NPs, Boolean logic gates and customizable molecular keypad locks are constructed by setting the reactants as the inputs, the states of the resulting solutions as the outputs. Furthermore, dynamically selective response patterns of the Ag‐Cr NPs can be converted into binary strings to exploit molecular crypto‐steganography to encode, store, and hide information. By integrating the three dimensions of authorization, encryption, and steganography, 3 in 1 advanced information protection based on Ag‐Cr nanosensing system can be achieved, which can enhance the anti‐cracking ability of information. This research will promote the development and application of nanocomposites in the field of information security and deepen the connection between molecular sensing and the information world.
Nanoengineering Ultrathin Flexible Pressure Sensor with Superior Sensitivity and Perfect Conformability
Authors: Hu Xiaoguang , Wu Mengxi , Che Lixuan , Huang Jian , Li Haoran , Liu Zehan , Li Ming , Ye Dong , Yang Zhuoqing , Wang Xuewen , Xie Zhaoqian , Liu Junshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors play an increasingly important role in a wide range of applications such as human health monitoring, soft robotics, and human–machine interfaces. To achieve a high sensitivity, a conventional approach is introducing microstructures to engineer the internal geometry of the sensor. However, this microengineering strategy requires the sensor's thickness to be typically at hundreds to thousands of microns level, impairing the sensor's conformability on surfaces with microscale roughness like human skin. In this manuscript, a nanoengineering strategy is pioneered that paves a path to resolve the conflicts between sensitivity and conformability. A dual‐sacrificial‐layer method is initiated that facilitates ease of fabrication and precise assembly of two functional nanomembranes to manufacture the thinnest resistive pressure sensor with a total thickness of ≈850 nm that achieves perfectly conformable contact to human skin. For the first time, the superior deformability of the nanothin electrode layer on a carbon nanotube conductive layer is utilized by the authors to achieve a superior sensitivity (92.11 kPa−1) and an ultralow detection limit (<0.8 Pa). This work offers a new strategy that is able to overcome a key bottleneck for current pressure sensors, therefore is of potential to inspire the research community for a new wave of breakthroughs.
Thin Zinc Oxide Layer Passivating Bismuth Vanadate for Selective Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Qu Songying , Wu Hao , Ng Yun Hau 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelective photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation to hydrogen peroxide is an underexplored option as opposed to the mainstream oxygen reduction reaction. Albeit interesting, selective H2O2 production via oxidative pathway is plagued by the noncontrollable two‐electron transfer reaction and the overoxidation of the thus‐formed H2O2 to O2. Here, ZnO passivator‐coated BiVO4 photoanode is reported for selective PEC H2O2 production. Both the H2O2 selectivity and production rate increase in the range of 1.0–2.0 V versus RHE under simulated sunlight irradiation. The photoelectrochemical impedance spectra and open‐circuit potentials suggest a flattened band bending and positively shifted quasi‐Fermi level of BiVO4 upon ZnO coating, facilitating H2O2 generation and suppressing the competitive reaction of O2 evolution. The ZnO overlayer also inhibits H2O2 decomposition, accelerates charge extraction from BiVO4, and serves as a hole reservoir under photoexcitation. This work offers insights into surface states and the role of the coating layer in manipulating two/four‐electron transfer for selective H2O2 synthesis from PEC water oxidation.
An Ultrafast and Room‐Temperature Strategy for Kilogram‐Scale Synthesis of Sub‐5 nm Eu3+‐doped CaMO4 Nanocrystals with a Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Exceeding 85%
Authors: Liu Mengxin , Shi Xinan , Cao Qiulin , Li Bo , Ni Zhan , Lu Chengzeng , Pan Daocheng , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRare earth‐doped metal oxide nanocrystals have a high potential in display, lighting, and bio‐imaging, owing to their excellent emission efficiency, superior chemical, and thermal stability. However, the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of rare earth‐doped metal oxide nanocrystals have been reported to be much lower than those of the corresponding bulk phosphors, group II‐VI, and halide‐based perovskite quantum dots because of their poor crystallinity and high‐concentration surface defects. Here, an ultrafast and room‐temperature strategy for the kilogram‐scale synthesis of sub‐5 nm Eu3+‐doped CaMoO4 nanocrystals is presented, and this reaction can be finished in 1 min under ambient conditions. The absolute PLQYs for sub‐5 nm Eu3+‐doped CaMoO4 nanocrystals can reach over 85%, which are comparable to those of the corresponding bulk phosphors prepared by the high‐temperature solid state reaction. Moreover, the as‐produced nanocrystals exhibit a superior thermal stability and their emission intensity unexpectedly increases after sintering at 600 °C for 2 h in air. 1.9 kg of Eu3+‐doped CaMoO4 nanocrystals with a PLQY of 85.1% can be obtained in single reaction.
Examining models constructed by kindergarten children
Authors: Louca Loucas T. , Zacharia Zacharias C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite its proven added value, modeling‐based learning (MbL) in science is not commonly incorporated into the early grades. Our purpose in this descriptive case study was to enrich our understanding of how kindergarten children enact MbL by examining these children's constructed models and their accompanying oral descriptions of their models. For this purpose, we adopted a drawing‐based modeling approach in which children used annotated drawings to represent their models. The participants consisted of four groups of 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds (68 children total) who studied the solution of substances in water. We analyzed child‐developed models (artifact analysis) and their oral presentations (discourse analysis), seeking to provide rich, detailed descriptions of the characteristics of these models. Our findings suggest that children in the study developed five different types of models using three different depiction strategies. Our findings also suggest that when developing and presenting their models of a physical phenomenon, our kindergarten children tended to rely on analogical reasoning to identify similar, known situations corresponding to the phenomenon under study. They then invoked mechanistic reasoning to develop representations of the phenomenon under study based on the analogy they used. The spectrum of mechanistic reasoning used by the children, and the analysis of the structure and components of their constructed models serve as evidence suggesting that despite their limited experiences with formal science education, as well as with MbL in science, participating children could successfully engage in authentic MbL activities. We contend that this is aligned with the idea of modeling resources, suggesting that it is more productive to help children to develop more reliable access to modeling resources they already have, even though they are usually not aware of their connection to MbL, such as prior scientific knowledge, experience, and MbL skills.
65 Years of Turbopumps
Authors: Schopphoff Andreas 
Published: April 2023

SummaryVacuum technology is not necessarily one of the sciences mentioned in connection with groundbreaking inventions. Nevertheless, it is a basic prerequisite for many developments and products that are taken for granted today. The influence of vacuum technology on our lives today can be traced back to the invention of the turbopump 65 years ago. Until then, the diffusion pump was considered the most widely used high and ultra‐high vacuum pump, but with the help of Dr. Willi Becker's invention, it became possible to create hydrocarbon‐free vacuum. It was only through a ‚clean' vacuum that many analyses and manufacturing processes became possible.
Fragmented medial coronoid process in a cat
Authors: Deards Emma , Economou Anita , Menendez Pablo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFragmented medial coronoid process is common in dogs, but has only been described in the cat once historically. This case describes a case of presumed traumatic fragmented medial coronoid process in a cat, which presented for right thoracic limb lameness of 3‐month duration, which did not respond to medical management. A computed tomography study demonstrated the fragmented medial coronoid process, and surgical removal of the fragment was performed via arthrotomy without complication. Histological examination of the fragment did not show microdamage of the bone or osteocyte loss, which is evident in developmental cases of fragmented medial coronoid process, and was suggestive of a historical fracture that resulted in non‐union. The patient improved postoperatively, but still experiences intermittent lameness after periods of exertion.
Einleitung
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Knorre Susanne , Müller-Peters Horst , Wagner Fred , Jost Theresa 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Buch behandelt das Thema „Big Data in der Mobilität“. Trotz weitreichender Entwicklungen im Bereich der Digitalisierung stehen Big Data und damit verbunden Data Analytics im Mobilitätsbereich noch am Anfang. Weitreichende gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Potenziale sind noch ungenutzt. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht das vorliegende Buch auf Basis mehrerer, auch eigens durchgeführter empirischer Studien mit unterschiedlicher Methodik sowie einer Auswertung bereits vorliegender Quellen Positionen von Akteuren zu den Chancen und Risiken und präsentiert zukunftsweisende Geschäftsmodelle. Daraus werden Nutzenpotenziale „für die Welt von morgen“ abgeleitet und die dafür notwendigen politischen und gesellschaftlichen Voraussetzungen skizziert.
Big Data in der Mobilität und die Perspektive der Stakeholder: Wer sind die Anspruchsberechtigten und zu welchen Ansprüchen sind sie berechtigt?
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Knorre Susanne , Müller-Peters Horst , Wagner Fred , Jost Theresa 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungEs hängt vom Verhalten der Stakeholder und den daraus entstehenden Beziehungen untereinander ab, ob sich diese positiven, öffentlich geteilten Narrationen durchsetzen, ob sich Anwendungen mit markt- und gesellschaftsrelevantem Nutzen entwickeln und damit letztlich zugleich die Potenziale von Big Data für die Lösung so vieler gesellschaftlicher Probleme genutzt werden können. Der Stakeholder-Ansatz fragt danach, was interessenübergreifend mit Big Data in der Mobilität erreicht werden kann, sodass alle Stakeholder-Ansprüche ausgewogen berücksichtigt werden. Der Stakeholder-Kapitalismus bietet auch für den Umgang mit Big Data eine normative Selbstverpflichtung, deren Lenkungswirkung der rechtlichen kaum nachsteht. Geht man grundsätzlich davon aus, dass nicht nur der Autofahrer oder Mobilitätsteilnehmer, der die Mobilitätsdaten mit seinem Verhalten erzeugt, sondern auch Hersteller, Versicherer oder öffentliche Verkehrsunternehmen genauso wie Politik und Wissenschaft dieselben legitimen Ansprüche auf den Nutzen von Big Data in der Mobilität haben, dann relativieren sich einseitige Machtansprüche und der Schritt zur gemeinsamen Nutzung bzw. zum Gebot des Datenteilens ist nicht mehr weit. Die folgende mehrstufige Stakeholderanalyse führt dabei letztlich zu drei Szenarien für den Weg in die datenbasierte, vernetzte Mobilität.
Auswirkungen von Big Data auf den Mobilitätsmarkt
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Knorre Susanne , Müller-Peters Horst , Wagner Fred , Jost Theresa 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Kap. 4 wird untersucht, wie sich Megatrends und Big Data auf den Mobilitätsmarkt auswirken. Dazu werden die wichtigsten Megatrends skizziert und es wird dargestellt, welche Folgen sich für Geschäftsmodelle und die wesentlichen Akteure auf dem Mobilitätsmarkt ergeben. Eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung neuer Angebote (Nutzenpotenziale für die Bürger) spielt der Zugang zu (Mobilitäts-)Daten. In diesem Zusammenhang gewinnt das Konzept der gemeinsamen Datennutzung an Bedeutung. Dieses Konzept wird vorgestellt; Voraussetzungen, Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten, Hürden, ebenso wie Chancen und Nutzenpotenziale werden dargelegt. Im letzten Teil des Kapitels wird die Entstehung von Ökosystemen als Konsequenz aus den dargestellten Entwicklungen aufgezeigt. Nach einer theoretischen Einführung in das Ökosystem-Konzept werden die veränderten Rollen der verschiedenen Akteure auf dem Mobilitätsmarkt herausgearbeitet.
Detection of patent foramen ovale in patients with ischemic stroke on prospective ECG-gated cardiac CT compared to transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Rinkel L. A. , Bouma B. J. , Boekholdt S. M. , Beemsterboer C. F. P. , Lobé N. H. J. , Beenen L. F. M. , Marquering H. A. , Majoie C. B. L. M. , Roos Y. B. W. E. M. , van Randen A. , Planken R. N. , Coutinho J. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiac CT acquired during the acute stroke imaging protocol is an emerging alternative to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to screen for sources of cardioembolism. Currently, its diagnostic accuracy to detect patent foramen ovale (PFO) is unclear.

Methods
This was a substudy of Mind the Heart, a prospective cohort in which consecutive adult patients with acute ischemic stroke underwent prospective ECG-gated cardiac CT during the initial stroke imaging protocol. Patients also underwent TTE. We included patients < 60 years who underwent TTE with agitated saline contrast (cTTE) and assessed sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of cardiac CT for the detection of PFO using cTTE as the reference standard.

Results
Of 452 patients in Mind the Heart, 92 were younger than 60 years. Of these, 59 (64%) patients underwent both cardiac CT and cTTE and were included. Median age was 54 (IQR 49–57) years and 41/59 (70%) were male. Cardiac CT detected a PFO in 5/59 (8%) patients, 3 of which were confirmed on cTTE. cTTE detected a PFO in 12/59 (20%) patients. Sensitivity and specificity of cardiac CT were 25% (95% CI 5–57%) and 96% (95% CI 85–99%), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 59% (95% CI 14–95) and 84% (95% CI 71–92).

Conclusion
Prospective ECG-gated cardiac CT acquired during the acute stroke imaging protocol does not appear to be a suitable screening method for PFO due to its low sensitivity. Our data suggest that if cardiac CT is used as a first-line screening method for cardioembolism, additional echocardiography remains indicated in young patients with cryptogenic stroke, in whom PFO detection would have therapeutic consequences. These results need to be confirmed in larger cohorts.
Effectiveness and safety profile of cladribine in an Italian real-life cohort of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a monocentric longitudinal observational study
Authors: Zanetta Chiara , Rocca Maria A. , Meani Alessandro , Martinelli Vittorio , Ferrè Laura , Moiola Lucia , Filippi Massimo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Cladribine is approved for the treatment of active relapsing MS (RRMS), but its positioning in MS therapeutic scenario still needs to be fully elucidated.

Methods
This is a monocentric, observational, real-world study on RRMS patients treated with cladribine. Relapses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity, disability worsening, and loss of no-evidence-of-disease-activity-3 (NEDA-3) status were assessed as outcomes. White blood cell, lymphocyte counts and side effects were also evaluated. Patients were analyzed overall and in subgroups according to the last treatment before cladribine. The relationship between baseline characteristics and outcomes was tested to identify predictors of response.

Results
Among the 114 patients included, 74.9% were NEDA-3 at 24 months. We observed a reduction of relapses and MRI activity, along with a stabilization of disability. A higher number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline was the only risk factor for loss of NEDA-3 during follow-up. Cladribine was more efficacious in switchers from first-line therapies or naïves. Grade I lymphopenia was more frequent at month 3 and 15. No grade IV lymphopenia cases were observed. Independent predictors of grade III lymphopenia were a lower baseline lymphocyte count and a higher number of previous treatments. Sixty-two patients presented at least one side effect and globally 111 adverse events were recorded, none of them was serious.

Conclusions
Our study confirms previous data on cladribine effectiveness and safety. Cladribine is more effective when placed early in the treatment algorithm. Real-world data on larger populations with longer follow-up are needed to confirm our findings.
Model fluids substituting fresh UHPC mixtures flow behaviour
Authors: Dostál Martin , Moravec Jiří , Jirout Tomáš , Rydval Milan , Hurtig Karel , Jiroutová Dita 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and ultrasound gel (USG) seem to be suitable clear model fluids to substitute real ultra-high-performance concretes (UHPCs), enabling experimental monitoring of events occurring within these mixtures at similar flow behaviour. USG is eligible for UHPC mixtures with significant yield stress. CMC having a suitable concentration is better for UHPCs exhibiting indistinct yield stress. The rheological behaviour of real UHPC mixtures as well as substituting model fluids was measured using a non-standard system consisting of a vessel stirred by an anchor or a screw agitator. In addition, a standard rotational rheometer system with concentric cylinder geometry was used for optimization of the above-mentioned method of measurement and also for measuring the rheological parameters of the substituting model fluids. This article deals with the methodology for measuring the rheological properties of these substances and presents the results of the measurements using flow curves and rheological models.