bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Highly Stable LTO/rGO/SnO2 Nanocomposite via In Situ Electrostatic Self‐Assembly for High‐performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Ming , Fang Peng Fei , Chen Ying , Leng Xin Yang , Yan Yong , Yang Shao Bin , Xu Ping , Yan Cheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe practical application of spinel‐type lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) lithium‐ion batteries is hindered by its poor conductivity and relatively low capacity. To address these issues, an LTO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/SnO2 is synthesized via an in situ electrostatic self‐assembly and hydrothermal reduction process. Density function theory (DFT) simulations are conducted to understand the geometrical structures of these composites and the energy storage mechanisms. The DFT results confirm that the introduction of rGO and SnO2 to LTO increases the overall conductivity, improves the structure stability, and increases Li‐ion diffusion speed.
Chiral Polymer Micelles Alleviate Adriamycin Cardiotoxicity via Iron Chelation and Ferroptosis Inhibition
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Qin Yan , Li Yao , Li Yaru , Luo Jiajia , Fan Lanlan , Feng Meiyu , Wang Zheng , Zhao Yanjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe dose‐dependent cardiomyopathy of adriamycin (doxorubicin) limits its long‐term clinical use, which is revealed as a consequence of cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. As a ferrous iron (Fe2+)‐dependent regulated cell death pathway, ferroptosis is induced by the tailored lipid peroxides in the cell membranes. Herein, iron‐chelating polymer micelles are reported for concurrent doxorubicin delivery and cardiotoxicity reduction. The amphiphilic polymer consists of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)‐co‐poly (glutamic acid) copolymer as the backbone and deferiprone analog as the side chain. The chiral polymer adopted the α‐helix conformation to enable prolonged retention in the cell membranes, resulting in efficient iron chelation, ferroptosis inhibition, and cardiotoxicity reduction. The co‐encapsulation of doxorubicin and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in micelles further alleviates the cardiotoxicity because the reduced CoQ10 can act as a radical trapping agent to constrain lipid peroxidation and cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. The reduction of cardiotoxicity is accompanied by enhanced anticancer efficacy in an in vivo murine breast cancer model. The chiral iron‐chelating polymer micelles can be a promising platform for enhanced doxorubicin delivery and reduced cardiac adverse effects.
Low‐Dimensional 2‐thiopheneethylammonium Lead Halide Capping Layer Enables Efficient Single‐Junction Methylamine‐Free Wide‐Bandgap and Tandem Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guan Hongling , Zhang Wenjun , Liang Jiwei , Wang Chen , Hu Xuzhi , Pu Dexing , Huang Lishuai , Ge Yansong , Cui Hongsheng , Zou Yuanrong , Fang Guojia , Ke Weijun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in tandem solar cells. However, their large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit and serious photo‐induced halide segregation remain the main challenges that impede their applications. Herein, a post‐treatment strategy without thermal annealing is presented to form a 2D top layer of 2‐thiopheneethylammonium lead halide (n = 1) on WBG perovskites. This thermal annealing‐free post‐treatment method can more effectively passivate the defects of WBG methylamine (MA)‐free formamidinium/cesium lead iodide/bromide perovskite films and suppress photo‐induced perovskite phase segregation, as compared with the thermal annealing method that yields multi‐2D phases. The resulting opaque and semi‐transparent 1.66 eV‐bandgap perovskite solar cells deliver maximum power conversion efficiencies of 21.47% (a small VOC deficit of 0.43 V) and 19.11%, respectively, both of which are among the highest reports for inverted MA‐free WBG PSCs. Consequently, four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem cells realize a remarkable efficiency of 26.64%, showing great promise for their applications in efficient multi‐junction tandem solar cells.
Application of Newly Designed Y‐Series Nonfullerene Acceptors for High‐Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Haseena Sheik , Ravva Mahesh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe electron acceptor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) play an essential role in enhancing power conversion efficiency (PCE). Although Y6‐based nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have shown fascinating experimental progress, molecular engineering is an effective strategy for further improvement of PCE. Herein, a series of Y6‐based symmetric and asymmetric NFAs are designed using the Y6‐based core with various end‐group units. The impact of end group units on geometric, electronic, and excited state properties of NFAs is studied using state‐of‐the‐art density functional theory methods. Various selection criteria are used to screen potential NFAs among 18 newly designed NFAs. The interfacial electronic properties between conjugated polymer and NFAs are thoroughly studied in the excited state to analyze the potentiality of screened NFAs. More importantly, the screened asymmetric NFAs have shown improved charge mobilities with a lower charge recombination rate than prototype FRY6. It is noticed that screened NFAs have multiple charge transfer pathways through direct excitation, hot excitons, and intermolecular electric field mechanisms. Overall, the results obtained from this computational study give useful guidance for developing NFAs for high‐performance OSCs.
Bending Effect on the Electronic Properties and Nonlinear Optical Responses of Linear Porphyrin Oligomer
Authors: Hu Yangyang , Han Lu , Li Danting , Yu Hong , Zhang Guiling , Li Weiqi , Tian Wei Quan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhysical bending provides a more stable and controllable method to modify the electronic properties and device applications compared to chemical doping/surface modification in traditional optoelectronic materials. The bending effect on the electronic properties and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of linear porphyrin oligomer is explored using quantum chemistry methods by designing a series of curved structures with different bending degrees. The highest occupied molecular orbital−lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap (Egap) of the linear porphyrin oligomer decreases after being bended to form the curved structures, and the Egap values and orbital distributions show independent behavior on bending degree. In the electronic absorption spectra, the maximum absorptions mainly come from the S0 → S1/S0 → S2 transitions with the characteristic of local excitation. The NLO response presents a tendency to increase and then decrease with decreasing the bending degree, which is in good accordance with the widely used two‐level model. The curved frameworks as well as the results offer guidelines for novel organic NLO device design and fabrication.
Optoelectronic Trajectory Reconfiguration and Directed Self‐Assembly of Self‐Propelling Electrically Powered Active Particles
Authors: Das Sankha Shuvra , Yossifon Gilad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf‐propelling active particles are an exciting and interdisciplinary emerging area of research with projected biomedical and environmental applications. Due to their autonomous motion, control over these active particles that are free to travel along individual trajectories, is challenging. This work uses optically patterned electrodes on a photoconductive substrate using a digital micromirror device (DMD) to dynamically control the region of movement of self‐propelling particles (i.e., metallo‐dielectric Janus particles (JPs)). This extends previous studies where only a passive micromotor is optoelectronically manipulated with a translocating optical pattern that illuminates the particle. In contrast, the current system uses the optically patterned electrode merely to define the region within which the JPs moved autonomously. Interestingly, the JPs avoid crossing the optical region's edge, which enables constraint of the area of motion and to dynamically shape the JP trajectory. Using the DMD system to simultaneously manipulate several JPs enables to self‐assemble the JPs into stable active structures (JPs ring) with precise control over the number of participating JPs and passive particles. Since the optoelectronic system is amenable to closed‐loop operation using real‐time image analysis, it enables exploitation of these active particles as active microrobots that can be operated in a programmable and parallelized manner.
Influence of plant domestication on plant‐pollinator interactions: Floral attributes and floral visitor communities in wild and cultivated squash plants
Authors: Glasser Sonja K. , de Santiago‐Hernández Martín Hesajim , Delgado‐Carrillo Oliverio , Espino Luis Alberto Villanueva , Pérez Adonaji Cortés , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Lira‐Saade Rafael , Quesada Mauricio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPremiseDomestication of plant species results in phenotypic modifications and changes in biotic interactions. Most studies have compared antagonistic plant‐herbivore interactions of domesticated plants and their wild relatives, but little attention has been given to how domestication influences plant‐pollinator interactions. Floral attributes and interactions of floral visitors were compared between sister taxa of the genus Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae), the domesticated C. moschata, C. argyrosperma ssp. argyrosperma and its wild progenitor C. argyrosperma ssp. sororia in the place of origin.MethodsWe conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to compare floral morphological traits and analyzed floral reward (nectar and pollen) quantity and quality between flowers of wild and domesticated Cucurbita taxa. Staminate and pistillate flowers of all three taxa were video recorded, and visitation and behavior of floral visitors were registered and analyzed.ResultsMost floral morphological characteristics of flowers of domesticated taxa were larger in both staminate and pistillate flowers. Staminate and pistillate flowers presented distinct correlations between floral traits and integration indices between domesticated and wild species. Additionally, pollen quantity and protein to lipid ratio were greater in domesticated species. Cucurbit pollen specialists, Eucera spp., had the highest probability of visit for all Cucurbita taxa.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that floral traits of domesticated and wild Cucurbita species experienced different selection pressures. Domesticated Cucurbita species may have more resources invested towards floral traits, thereby increasing attractiveness to pollinators and potentially plant reproductive success. Wild ancestor plant populations should be conserved in their centers of origin to preserve plant‐pollinator interactions.
Looted artifacts and museums' perpetuation of imperialism and racism: Implications for the importance of preserving cultural heritage
Authors: Palmer Geraldine L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the midst of recent protests and antiracism movements following the death of George Floyd in May of 2020 and other Black, Indigenous, and people of Color (BIPOC) murdered in the United States by police violence, protestors and advocates around the world recognized the need for Western governments and other institutions to reckon with their own imperial history—to acknowledge the linkage between the slave trade, colonialism, and racism in their countries. This recognition led to the tearing down of statues depicting racist colonial leaders and calling for museums who have perpetuated imperialism and racism through their acceptance and display of looted artifacts to return them. This article sought to answer the question posed in the call for papers, can the many manifestations of racism be effectively dealt with in our society if the status quo is unwilling to engage with the issues, address them, and relinquish power. Further the author argues that cultural looting has its roots in colonialism and racism and discusses implications of the linkage between one's stolen cultural heritage and individual and community well‐being. Answers to the question include both yes, manifestations of racism can be addressed, and no, they cannot be addressed when institutions and governments refuse to engage, address the issue and do not relinquish power. The article also includes the author's thoughts on using a living heritage approach to preserve cultural heritage and offers suggestions that community psychologists, advocates and activists can help to decolonize museums as part of the broader social and racial justice movement.
Advanced practice clinician care and end‐of‐life outcomes for community‐ and nursing home‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with dementia
Authors: Oh Hyesung , White Elizabeth M. , Muench Ulrike , Santostefano Christopher , Thapa Bishnu , Kosar Cyrus , Gadbois Emily A. , Osakwe Zainab Toteh , Gozalo Pedro , Rahman Momotazur 
Published: April 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOlder adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) often face burdensome end‐of‐life care transfers. Advanced practice clinicians (APCs)—which include nurse practitioners and physician assistants—increasingly provide primary care to this population. To fill current gaps in the literature, we measured the association between APC involvement in end‐of‐life care versus hospice utilization and hospitalization for older adults with ADRD.METHODSUsing Medicare data, we identified nursing home‐ (N=517,490) and community‐dwelling (N=322,461) beneficiaries with ADRD who died between 2016 and 2018. We employed propensity score‐weighted regression methods to examine the association between different levels of APC care during their final 9 months of life versus hospice utilization and hospitalization during their final month.RESULTSFor both nursing home‐ and community‐dwelling beneficiaries, higher APC care involvement associated with lower hospitalization rates and higher hospice rates.DISCUSSIONAPCs are an important group of providers delivering end‐of‐life primary care to individuals with ADRD.HIGHLIGHTS
For both nursing home‐ and community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD, adjusted hospitalization rates were lower and hospice rates were higher for individuals with higher proportions of APC care involvement during their final 9 months of life.
Associations between APC care involvement and both adjusted hospitalization rates and adjusted hospice rates persisted when accounting for primary care visit volume.
Trauma‐associated left renal vein thrombosis with nutcracker syndrome
Authors: Aichi Shogo , Kimura Shinichi , Fujisawa Tokuo , Hayashi Teppei , Kobayashi Yusuke , Muroya Naoki , Kurihara Tomohiro 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundNutcracker syndrome is a compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta, resulting in thrombogenesis. While renal vein thrombosis caused by renal disease is more common, solitary left renal vein thrombosis with nutcracker syndrome is rare.Case PresentationWe present the case of a patient with trauma‐associated left renal vein thrombosis with nutcracker syndrome. A 24‐year‐old woman with low body mass index taking oral contraceptives was admitted for trauma. She had multiple injuries, including thoracolumbar fractures, for which elective spinal fusion surgery was scheduled. As the D‐dimer level elevated to 82.5 μg/dL preoperatively, enhanced computed tomography was performed, which revealed a solitary left renal vein thrombus.ConclusionThis is the report of solitary left renal vein thrombosis in a patient with nutcracker syndrome after trauma. Patients with low body mass index and coagulopathy might have solitary left renal vein thrombosis associated with nutcracker syndrome.
Experimental characterization and numerical modeling of a viscoelastic expandable epoxy foam: Time–temperature transformation and time–temperature equivalence diagrams
Authors: D'Elia Raffaele , Sanches Leonardo , Des Jean Marie , Michon Guilhem 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn expandable and Fire, Smoke, and Toxicity (FST) compliant epoxy foam is proposed as an interesting alternative to Nomex® honeycomb cores for the development of Multi‐Functional Structures (MFS). The paper first analyzes the processing conditions using several experimental techniques as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology, and expansion in a closed volume in order to evaluate the reaction kinetics, the chemorheological behavior, and the expansion kinetics of the material. The experimental data are used to identify several empirical models describing the material processing behavior and finally plotting the isothermal time–temperature transformation (TTT) diagram. A typical curing cycle for the foam is used to describe the evolution of the material parameters during the curing process. The fully cured foam is then characterized using optical and laser microscopy in order to identify its cell size distribution and density. Quasi‐static and dynamic machines are used to evaluate its mechanical and dynamical properties. The time–temperature equivalence is finally used to plot the master's curves of the material, representing the evolution of the material viscoelastic properties as a function of the frequency.
Adaptive NN state error PCH trajectory tracking control for unmanned surface vessel with uncertainties and input saturation
Authors: Lv Chengxing , Chen Jian , Yu Haisheng , Chi Jieru , Yang Zhibo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA novel robust state error port controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) trajectory tracking controller of an unmanned surface vessel (USV) subject to time‐varying disturbances, dynamic uncertainties and control input saturation is presented. The proposed control scheme combines the advantages of the high robustness and energy minimization of the state error PCH approach and the approximation capability of adaptive radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). Adaptive RBFNNs are used to the time‐varying disturbances of the environment and unknown dynamics uncertainties of the USV model. The state error PCH control approach is designed such that the system can optimize energy consumption, and the state error PCH technique makes the designed trajectory tracking controller be easy to implement in practice. To handle the effect of the control input saturation, a Gaussian error function model is employed. It has been demonstrated that the proposed approach can maintain the USV's trajectory at the desired trajectory, while the closed‐loop control system can guarantee the uniformly ultimate boundedness. The energy consumption model of the USV is constructed to reveal to the energy consumption. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Teachers’ gender bias in STEM: Results from a vignette study
Authors: Andersen Ida Gran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGender stereotypes in the natural sciences may discourage girls from pursuing STEM fields, thus contributing to the differential STEM pathways of males and females. This paper exploits quasi‐experimental data from a vignette study to investigate teachers’ gender bias in STEM at the transition to upper secondary school in Denmark—a key stage in students’ educational trajectories. I investigate if teachers have a higher probability of recommending a STEM track to a (vignette) male student compared with a (vignette) female student and if teachers’ STEM recommendations interact with their demographic characteristics. Results show that, while there is a gender gap of 10 percentage points in the likelihood of being recommended a STEM track, the difference is not statistically significant. Furthermore, teachers’ gender bias is influenced by the teacher's own gender and cultural capital. Consequently, the paper shows that teachers’ gender bias varies with teachers’ demographic characteristics and teachers with high levels of cultural capital can push back against gender stereotypes in STEM.
The decline in breaktimes and lunchtimes in primary and secondary schools in England: Results from three national surveys spanning 25 years
Authors: Baines Ed , Blatchford Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBreaktimes are ubiquitous in English schools. Research suggests they have social value for children, but school staff often have a range of concerns about breaktimes and tend to undervalue them. However, there is little understanding about these times, not least because data are not collected about their organisation and characteristics. This paper brings together data from three national surveys undertaken in 1995, 2006 and 2017 of head teachers of primary and secondary schools to provide an understanding of the nature, organisation and staff attitudes towards breaktimes and how they have changed over 25 years. At each survey point, completed questionnaires were received from representative random samples of over 1000 primary and secondary schools. Results showed marked reductions in the average total amount of time for breaks, the virtual abolition of afternoon breaks and a decline in time available for lunchtime breaks. The reductions were largely for behavioural reasons and to increase time for learning. Results also show variations in the length of breaktimes across school types and in relation to socioeconomic disadvantage, and changes to the amount of supervision provided by schools. Attitudes towards breaks varied across primary and secondary phases, and the withholding of breaks was used by schools to address poor pupil behaviour and disengagement. Schools continued to have concerns about the management of behaviour during breaktimes, even when breaks had already been shortened. It is suggested that staff undervalue the potential contribution that breaktimes afford the development and wellbeing of children and young people in school.
Further evaluation of prompt density, rate of reinforcement, and the persistence of manding
Authors: Ringdahl Joel E. , Crook Kayla , Berg Wendy K. , Wacker David P. , Molony Maggie , Romani Patrick , Ryan Stephen , Ryan Anna , Zabala Karla 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious research has evaluated the effects of prompt rates on the rate of communicative behavior. More recent research has suggested that dense prompting can result in communicative behavior that is more resistant to change. However, existing research has not considered the impact that higher response rates had on reinforcement rate, a variable known to impact response persistence. The current study systematically replicated previous research by evaluating communicative responding in contexts associated with dense‐ and lean‐prompt schedules and extended existing research by (a) holding reinforcement rates similar across the two prompting schedules (lean and dense), and (b) evaluating the persistence of communicative responding in the contexts associated with each prompting schedule. The results for Experiment 1 clearly replicated and extended previous research. The results for Experiment 2 were equivocal and suggested that previous reinforcement history and response class size impacted outcomes.