bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system
Authors: Ahlawat Sarita , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Rambabu Karumudi , Peter Ildiko , Matekovits Ladislau 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAssistive devices are becoming increasingly popular for physically disabled persons suffering tetraplegia and spinal cord injuries. Intraoral tongue drive system (iTDS) is one of the most feasible and non-invasive assistive technology (AT), which utilises the transferring and inferring of user intentions through different tongue gestures. Wireless transferring is of prime importance and requires a suitable design of the intra-oral antenna. In this paper, a compact circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna is designed, and its performance is analysed within heterogeneous multilayer mouth and head models. It works at 2.4 GHz in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The footprint of the differential antenna prototype is 0.271 λg$$\times$$
×
0.271 λg$$\times$$
×
0.015 λg. It is achieved using two pairs of spiral segments loaded in diagonal form near the edges of the central rotated square slot and a high dielectric constant substrate. Its spiral-slotted geometry further provides the desired swirling and miniaturization at the desired frequency band for both mouth scenarios. Additionally, corner triangular slits on the radiating patch assist in tuning the axial ratio (< 3 dB) in the desired ISM band. To validate the performance of the proposed in-mouth antenna, the measurement was carried out using the minced pork and the saline solution for closed and opened mouth cases, respectively. The measured − 10 dB impedance bandwidth and peak gain values in the minced pork are from 2.28 to 2.53 GHz (10.39%) and − 18.17 dBi, respectively, and in the saline solution, are from 2.3 to 2.54 GHz (9.92%) and − 15.47 dBi, respectively. Further, the specific absorption rate (SAR) is estimated, and the data communication link is computed with and without a balun loss. This confirms that the proposed differential intraoral antenna can establish direct interfacing at the RF front end of the intraoral tongue drive system.
Mid- to late Holocene sea-level rise recorded in Hells Bells 234U/238U ratio and geochemical composition
Authors: Schorndorf Nils , Frank Norbert , Ritter Simon M. , Warken Sophie F. , Scholz Christian , Keppler Frank , Scholz Denis , Weber Michael , Aviles Olguin Jeronimo , Stinnesbeck Wolfgang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHells Bells are underwater secondary carbonates discovered in sinkholes (cenotes) southeast of Cancun on the north-eastern Yucatán peninsula, Mexico. These authigenic calcite precipitates, reaching a length of up to 4 m, most likely grow in the pelagic redoxcline. Here we report on detailed 230Th/U-dating and in-depth geochemical and stable isotope analyses of specimens from cenotes El Zapote, Maravilla and Tortugas. Hells Bells developed since at least ~ 8000 years ago, with active growth until present day. Initial (234U/238U) activity ratios (δ234U0) in Hells Bells calcite decreas from 55 to 15‰ as sea level converges toward its present state. The temporal evolution of the geochemistry and isotope composition of Hells Bells calcites thus appears to be closely linked to sea-level rise and reflects changing hydrological conditions (desalinization) of the aquifer. We suggest that decelerated leaching of excess 234U from the previously unsaturated bedrock traces Holocene relative sea-level rise. Considering this proxy, the resulting mean sea-level reconstruction contains half as much scatter, i.e. improves by a factor of two, when compared to previously published work for the period between 8 and 4 ky BP.
The plasma degradome reflects later development of NASH fibrosis after liver transplant
Authors: Li Jiang , Sato Toshifumi , Hernández-Tejero María , Beier Juliane I. , Sayed Khaled , Benos Panayiotis V. , Wilkey Daniel W. , Humar Abhinav , Merchant Michael L. , Duarte-Rojo Andres , Arteel Gavin E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough liver transplantation (LT) is an effective therapy for cirrhosis, the risk of post-LT NASH is alarmingly high and is associated with accelerated progression to fibrosis/cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease and decreased survival. Lack of risk stratification strategies hampers early intervention against development of post-LT NASH fibrosis. The liver undergoes significant remodeling during inflammatory injury. During such remodeling, degraded peptide fragments (i.e., ‘degradome’) of the ECM and other proteins increase in plasma, making it a useful diagnostic/prognostic tool in chronic liver disease. To investigate whether liver injury caused by post-LT NASH would yield a unique degradome profile that is predictive of severe post-LT NASH fibrosis, a retrospective analysis of 22 biobanked samples from the Starzl Transplantation Institute (12 with post-LT NASH after 5 years and 10 without) was performed. Total plasma peptides were isolated and analyzed by 1D-LC–MS/MS analysis using a Proxeon EASY-nLC 1000 UHPLC and nanoelectrospray ionization into an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. Qualitative and quantitative peptide features data were developed from MSn datasets using PEAKS Studio X (v10). LC–MS/MS yielded ~ 2700 identifiable peptide features based on the results from Peaks Studio analysis. Several peptides were significantly altered in patients that later developed fibrosis and heatmap analysis of the top 25 most significantly changed peptides, most of which were ECM-derived, clustered the 2 patient groups well. Supervised modeling of the dataset indicated that a fraction of the total peptide signal (~ 15%) could explain the differences between the groups, indicating a strong potential for representative biomarker selection. A similar degradome profile was observed when the plasma degradome patterns were compared being obesity sensitive (C57Bl6/J) and insensitive (AJ) mouse strains. The plasma degradome profile of post-LT patients yielded stark difference based on later development of post-LT NASH fibrosis. This approach could yield new “fingerprints” that can serve as minimally-invasive biomarkers of negative outcomes post-LT.
Host–pathogen interaction unveiled by immune, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression analysis to experimental Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Nile tilapia
Authors: El Gamal Samar A. , Adawy Rawia Saad , Zaki Viola Hassan , Zahran Eman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study evaluated the pathogenicity, immunological, and oxidant/antioxidant responses against Saprolegnia parasitica (S. parasitica) infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three groups of Nile tilapia were assigned as the control group (no zoospores exposure). The other two groups were challenged by Saprolegnia zoospores; one was used for sampling, and the other for mortality monitoring. The study lasted 3 weeks and was sampled at three point times at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Results showed that S. parasitica zoospores were pathogenic to Nile tilapia, causing a cumulative mortality rate of 86.6%. Immunoglobulin M and C- reactive protein (IgM and CRP) levels showed a similar trend being significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) higher in the infected group at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, compared to the control group. Oxidant and antioxidant parameters in gills revealed that Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly higher in the infected group compared to the control group. While catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (CAT, GSH, and SOD) levels were significantly decreased in the infected group compared to the control group. Compared to the control, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene was firmly upregulated in gill tissue at all-time points, particularly at day 14 post-infection. Meanwhile, Interleukin 1-β (IL-1 β) gene was significantly upregulated only at days 7 and 14 post-infection compared to control. Histopathological examination revealed destructive and degenerative changes in both skin and gills of experimentally infected Nile tilapia. Our findings suggest that Nile tilapia-S. parasitica infection model was successful in better understanding of pathogenicity and host (fish)-pathogen (oomycete) interactions, where the induced oxidative stress and upregulation of particular immune biomarkers in response to S. parasitica infection may play a crucial role in fish defense against oomycetes in fish.
SnapEnsemFS: a snapshot ensembling-based deep feature selection model for colorectal cancer histological analysis
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soumitri , Singh Pawan Kumar , Ijaz Muhammad Fazal , Kim SeongKi , Sarkar Ram 
Published: June 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer diagnosed annually, and the second leading cause of death due to cancer. Early diagnosis of this ailment is vital for preventing the tumours to spread and plan treatment to possibly eradicate the disease. However, population-wide screening is stunted by the requirement of medical professionals to analyse histological slides manually. Thus, an automated computer-aided detection (CAD) framework based on deep learning is proposed in this research that uses histological slide images for predictions. Ensemble learning is a popular strategy for fusing the salient properties of several models to make the final predictions. However, such frameworks are computationally costly since it requires the training of multiple base learners. Instead, in this study, we adopt a snapshot ensemble method, wherein, instead of the traditional method of fusing decision scores from the snapshots of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, we extract deep features from the penultimate layer of the CNN model. Since the deep features are extracted from the same CNN model but for different learning environments, there may be redundancy in the feature set. To alleviate this, the features are fed into Particle Swarm Optimization, a popular meta-heuristic, for dimensionality reduction of the feature space and better classification. Upon evaluation on a publicly available colorectal cancer histology dataset using a five-fold cross-validation scheme, the proposed method obtains a highest accuracy of 97.60% and F1-Score of 97.61%, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods on the same dataset. Further, qualitative investigation of class activation maps provide visual explainability to medical practitioners, as well as justifies the use of the CAD framework in screening of colorectal histology. Our source codes are publicly accessible at:https://github.com/soumitri2001/SnapEnsemFS.
High efficiency carbon nanotubes-based single-atom catalysts for nitrogen reduction
Authors: Liu Wei , Guo Kai , Xie Yunhao , Liu Sitong , Chen Liang , Xu Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarbon-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) have received increasing attention due to their sustainable, efficient, and green advantages. However, at present, the research on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based NRR catalysts is very limited. In this paper, using FeN3@(n, 0) CNTs (n = 3 ~ 10) as the representative catalysts, we demonstrate that the CNT curvatures will affect the spin polarization of the catalytic active centers, the activation of the adsorbed N2 molecules and the Gibbs free energy barriers for the formation of the critical intermediates in the NRR processes, thus changing the catalytic performance of CNT-based catalysts. Zigzag (8, 0) CNT was taken as the optimal substrate, and twenty transition metal atoms (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, W, Re, Ir, and Pt) were embedded into (8, 0) CNT via N3 group to construct the NRR catalysts. Their electrocatalytic performance for NRR were examined using DFT calculations, and TcN3@(8, 0) CNT was screened out as the best candidate with a low onset potential of − 0.53 V via the distal mechanism, which is superior to the molecules- or graphene-support Tc catalysts. Further electronic properties analysis shows that the high NRR performance of TcN3@(8, 0) CNT originates from the strong d-2π* interaction between the N2 molecule and Tc atom. TcN3@(8, 0) CNT also exhibits higher selectivity for NRR than the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. The present work not only provides a promising catalyst for NRR, but also open up opportunities for further exploring of low-dimensional carbon-based high efficiency electrochemical NRR catalysts.
Evaluating the power of a recent method for comparing two circular distributions: an alternative to the Watson U2 test
Authors: Ruxton Graeme D. , Malkemper E. Pascal , Landler Lukas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSome data are collected on circular (rather than linear) scales. Often researchers are interested in comparing two samples of such circular data to test the hypothesis that they came from the same underlying population. Recently, we compared 18 statistical approaches to testing such a hypothesis, and recommended two as particularly effective. A very recent publication introduced a novel statistical approach that was claimed to outperform the methods that we had indicated were highest performing. However, the evidence base for this claim was limited. Here we perform simulation studies to offer a more detailed comparison of the new “Angular Randomisation Test” (ART) with existing tests. We expand previous evaluations in two ways: exploring small and medium sized samples, and exploring a range of different shapes for the underlying distribution(s). We find that the ART controls type I error rates at the nominal level. The ART had greater power than established methods in detecting a difference in underlying distribution caused by a shift around the circle. Its performance advantage in this case was strongest when samples where small and unbalanced in size. When the difference between underlying unimodal distributions was in shape rather than central tendency, then the ART was at least as good (and sometimes considerably more powerful) than the established methods, except when distributions samples were small and uneven in size, and the smaller sample came from a more concentrated underlying distribution. In such cases its power could be markedly inferior to established alternatives. The ART was also inferior to alternatives in dealing with axially distributed data. We conclude that under widely-encountered circumstances the ART test can be recommended for its simplicity of implementation, but researchers should be aware of situations where it cannot be recommended.
Electrospun cellulose acetate/activated carbon composite modified by EDTA (rC/AC-EDTA) for efficient methylene blue dye removal
Authors: Elmaghraby Nehad A. , Omer Ahmed M. , Kenawy El-Refaie , Gaber Mohamed , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , Hossain Ismail , El Nemr Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study fabricated regenerated cellulose nanofiber incorporated with activated carbon and functionalized rC/AC3.7 with EDTA reagent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal. The rC/AC3.7 was fabricated by electrospinning cellulose acetate (CA) with activated carbon (AC) solution followed by deacetylation. FT-IR spectroscopy was applied to prove the chemical structures. In contrast, BET, SEM, TGA and DSC analyses were applied to study the fiber diameter and structure morphology, the thermal properties and the surface properties of rC/AC3.7-EDTA. The CA was successfully deacetylated to give regenerated cellulose nanofiber/activated carbon, and then ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride was used to functionalize the fabricated nanofiber composite. The rC/AC3.7-EDTA, rC/AC5.5-EDTA and rC/AC6.7-EDTA were tested for adsorption of MB dye with maximum removal percentages reaching 97.48, 90.44 and 94.17%, respectively. The best circumstances for batch absorption experiments of MB dye on rC/AC3.7-EDTA were pH 7, an adsorbent dose of 2 g/L, and a starting MB dye concentration of 20 mg/L for 180 min of contact time, with a maximum removal percentage of 99.14%. The best-fit isotherm models are Temkin and Hasely. The outcome of isotherm models illustrates the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm model (LIM). The maximal monolayer capacity Qm determined from the linear LIM is 60.61 for 0.5 g/L of rC/AC3.7-EDTA. However, based on the results from error function studies, the generalized isotherm model has the lowest accuracy. The data obtained by the kinetic models’ studies exposed that the absorption system follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSOM) throughout the absorption period.
Effect of solar proton events on test mass for gravitational wave detection in the 24th solar cycle
Authors: Han Ruilong , Cai Minghui , Yang Tao , Xu Liangliang , Xia Qing , Jia Xinyu , Gao Dawei , Han Jianwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFree-falling cubic Test Masses (TMs) are a key component of the interferometer used for low-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detection in space. However, exposure to energetic particles in the environment can lead to electrostatic charging of the TM, resulting in additional electrostatic and Lorentz forces that can impact GW detection sensitivity. To evaluate this effect, the high-energy proton data set of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) program was used to analyze TM charging due to Solar Proton Events (SPEs) in the 24th solar cycle. Using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit, the TM charging process is simulated in a space environment for SPEs falling into three ranges of proton flux: (1) greater than 10 pfu and less than 100 pfu, (2) greater than 100 pfu and less than 1000 pfu, and (3) greater than 1000 pfu. It is found that SPEs charging can reach the threshold within 535 s to 18.6 h, considering a reasonable discharge threshold of LISA and Taiji. We demonstrate that while there is a somewhat linear correlation between the net charging rate of the TM and the integrated flux of $$\ge$$
≥
10 MeV SPEs, there are many cases in which the integrated flux is significantly different from the charging rate. Therefore, we investigate the difference between the integral flux and the charging rate of SPEs using the charging efficiency assessment method. Our results indicate that the energy spectrum structure of SPEs is the most important factor influencing the charging rate. Lastly, we evaluate the charging probability of SPEs in the 24th solar cycle and find that the frequency and charging risk of SPEs are highest in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th years, which can serve as a reference for future GW detection spacecraft.
Sex-specific effects of Cre expression in Syn1Cre mice
Authors: Baghdadi Maarouf , Mesaros Andrea , Purrio Martin , Partridge Linda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Cre-loxP system has been used to generate cell-type specific mutations in mice, allowing researchers to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms of disease. However, the Cre-recombinase alone can induce phenotypes that confound comparisons among genotypes if the appropriate Cre control is not included. In this study, we characterised behavioural, morphological and metabolic phenotypes of the pan-neuronal Syn1Cre line. We found that these mice possess intact neuromuscular parameters but have reduced exploratory activity and a male-specific increase in anxiety-like behaviour. Moreover, we observed a male-specific deficit in learning and long-term memory of Syn1Cre mice that could be a result of decreased visual acuity. Furthermore, we found that over-expression of human growth hormone (hGH) from Syn1Cre results in a male-specific reduction in body weight and femur length, potentially through decreased hepatic Igf1 expression. However, metabolic characteristics of Syn1Cre mice such as glucose metabolism, energy expenditure and feeding were unaffected by the presence of Syn1Cre. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Syn1Cre expression has effects on behavioural and morphological traits. This finding highlights the importance of including the Cre control in all comparisons, while the male-specific effects on some phenotypes highlight the importance of including both sexes.
The theory of mind and human–robot trust repair
Authors: Esterwood Connor , Robert Lionel P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNothing is perfect and robots can make as many mistakes as any human, which can lead to a decrease in trust in them. However, it is possible, for robots to repair a human’s trust in them after they have made mistakes through various trust repair strategies such as apologies, denials, and promises. Presently, the efficacy of these trust repairs in the human–robot interaction literature has been mixed. One reason for this might be that humans have different perceptions of a robot’s mind. For example, some repairs may be more effective when humans believe that robots are capable of experiencing emotion. Likewise, other repairs might be more effective when humans believe robots possess intentionality. A key element that determines these beliefs is mind perception. Therefore understanding how mind perception impacts trust repair may be vital to understanding trust repair in human–robot interaction. To investigate this, we conducted a study involving 400 participants recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to determine whether mind perception influenced the effectiveness of three distinct repair strategies. The study employed an online platform where the robot and participant worked in a warehouse to pick and load 10 boxes. The robot made three mistakes over the course of the task and employed either a promise, denial, or apology after each mistake. Participants then rated their trust in the robot before and after it made the mistake. Results of this study indicated that overall, individual differences in mind perception are vital considerations when seeking to implement effective apologies and denials between humans and robots.
Trophic ecology of Angolan cold-water coral reefs (SE Atlantic) based on stable isotope analyses
Authors: Vinha Beatriz , Rossi Sergio , Gori Andrea , Hanz Ulrike , Pennetta Antonio , De Benedetto Giuseppe E. , Mienis Furu , Huvenne Veerle A. I. , Hebbeln Dierk , Wienberg Claudia , Titschack Jürgen , Freiwald André , Piraino Stefano , Orejas Covadonga 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCold-water coral (CWC) reefs of the Angolan margin (SE Atlantic) are dominated by Desmophyllum pertusum and support a diverse community of associated fauna, despite hypoxic conditions. In this study, we use carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) to decipher the trophic network of this relatively unknown CWC province. Although fresh phytodetritus is available to the reef, δ15N signatures indicate that CWCs (12.90 ± 1.00 ‰) sit two trophic levels above Suspended Particulate Organic Matter (SPOM) (4.23 ± 1.64 ‰) suggesting that CWCs are highly reliant on an intermediate food source, which may be zooplankton. Echinoderms and the polychaete Eunice norvegica occupy the same trophic guild, with high δ13C signatures (-14.00 ± 1.08 ‰) pointing to a predatory feeding behavior on CWCs and sponges, although detrital feeding on 13C enriched particles might also be important for this group. Sponges presented the highest δ15N values (20.20 ± 1.87 ‰), which could be due to the role of the sponge holobiont and bacterial food in driving intense nitrogen cycling processes in sponges’ tissue, helping to cope with the hypoxic conditions of the reef. Our study provides first insights to understand trophic interactions of CWC reefs under low-oxygen conditions.