bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonic‐Plasmonic Coupling Enhanced Fluorescence Enabling Digital‐Resolution Ultrasensitive Protein Detection
Authors: Barya Priyash , Xiong Yanyu , Shepherd Skye , Gupta Rohit , Akin Lucas D. , Tibbs Joseph , Lee Hankeun , Singamaneni Srikanth , Cunningham Brian T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAssays utilizing fluorophores are common throughout life science research and diagnostics, although detection limits are generally limited by weak emission intensity, thus requiring many labeled target molecules to combine their output to achieve higher signal‐to‐noise. We describe how the synergistic coupling of plasmonic and photonic modes can significantly boost the emission from fluorophores. By optimally matching the resonant modes of a plasmonic fluor (PF) nanoparticle and a photonic crystal (PC) with the absorption and emission spectrum of the fluorescent dye, a 52‐fold improvement in signal intensity is observed, enabling individual PFs to be observed and digitally counted, where one PF tag represents one detected target molecule. The amplification can be attributed to the strong near‐field enhancement due to the cavity‐induced activation of the PF, PC band structure‐mediated improvement in collection efficiency, and increased rate of spontaneous emission. The applicability of the method by dose‐response characterization of a sandwich immunoassay for human interleukin‐6, a biomarker used to assist diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, sepsis, and autoimmune disease is demonstrated. A limit of detection of 10 fg mL−1 and 100 fg mL−1 in buffer and human plasma respectively, is achieved, representing a capability nearly three orders of magnitude lower than standard immunoassays.
Methylammonium Chloride as a Double‐Edged Sword for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Huayan , Liu Aqiang , Liu Yang , Pu Wei , Shen Ting , Li Mengjie , Que Meidan , Tian Jianjun , Dai Qilin , Yun Sining 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe additive engineering strategy promotes the efficiency of solution‐processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) over 25%. However, compositional heterogeneity and structural disorders occur in perovskite films with the addition of specific additives, making it imperative to understand the detrimental impact of additives on film quality and device performance. In this work, the double‐edged sword effects of the methylammonium chloride (MACl) additive on the properties of methylammonium lead mixed‐halide perovskite (MAPbI3‐xClx ) films and PSCs are demonstrated. MAPbI3‐xClx films suffer from undesirable morphology transition during annealing, and its impacts on the film quality including morphology, optical properties, structure, and defect evolution are systematically investigated, as well as the power conversion efficiency (PCE) evolution for related PSCs. The FAX (FA = formamidinium, X = I, Br, and Ac) post‐treatment strategy is developed to inhibit the morphology transition and suppress defects by compensating for the loss of the organic components, a champion PCE of 21.49% with an impressive open‐circuit voltage of 1.17 V is obtained, and remains over 95% of the initial efficiency after storing over 1200 hours. This study elucidates that understanding the additive‐induced detrimental effects in halide perovskites is critical to achieve the efficient and stable PSCs.
Structure and Interface Engineering of Ultrahigh‐Rate 3D Bismuth Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoshan , Qiu Xueqing , Lin Jinxin , Lin Zehua , Sun Shirong , Yin Jian , Alshareef Husam N. , Zhang Wenli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted tremendous attention as promising low‐cost energy storage devices in future grid‐scale energy management applications. Bismuth is a promising anode for SIBs due to its high theoretical capacity (386 mAh g−1). Nevertheless, the huge volume variation of Bi anode during (de)sodiation processes can cause the pulverization of Bi particulates and rupture of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), resulting in quick capacity decay. It is demonstrated that rigid carbon framework and robust SEI are two essentials for stable Bi anodes. A lignin‐derived carbonlayer wrapped tightly around the bismuth nanospheres provides a stable conductive pathway, while the delicate selection of linear and cyclic ether‐based electrolytes enable robust and stable SEI films. These two merits enable the long‐term cycling process of the LC‐Bi anode. The LC‐Bi composite delivers outstanding sodium‐ion storage performance with an ultra‐long cycle life of 10 000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1 and an excellent rate capability of 94% capacity retention at an ultrahigh current density of 100 A g−1. Herein, the underlying origins of performance improvement of Bi anode are elucidated, which provides a rational design strategy for Bi anodes in practical SIBs.
The viability and sustainability approach to support organisational resilience: Learning in a recent case study in the health sector
Authors: Espinosa Angela M. , Walker Jon , Grover Kartikae , Vachkova Maya V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the context of ongoing global pandemics and political and economic instability, supporting public health organisations to improve their performance and develop their resilience is becoming a central issue in the organisational resilience research agenda. This paper offers a briefing on the viability and sustainability (v&s) approach and provides an example of application of the self‐transformation methodology (STM) at the breast care unit in an English Health Trust. The way of conducting the systemic application, the chosen methodology and tools and the way of interacting with the clients all exhibit the aspects of holistic flexibility. The paper demonstrates how the v&s approach and the STM enabled the collective identification of more effective policies and strategies for improving individual and organisational effectiveness for this health service unit, when interacting with a complex and changing environment. It also discusses the potential for adapting and replicating the approach across the healthcare sector.
Measuring CTL Lytic Granule Secretion and Target Cell Membrane Repair by Fluorescent Lipophilic Dye Uptake at the Lytic Synapse
Authors: Müller Sabina , Filali Liza , Puissegur Marie-Pierre , Valitutti Salvatore 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a key role in anti-tumor immune response. They are therefore at the heart of current immunotherapy protocols against cancer. Despite current strategies to potentiate CTL responses, cancer cells can resist CTL attack, thus limiting the efficacy of immunotherapies. To optimize immunotherapy, it is urgent to develop rapid assays allowing to assess CTL-cancer cell confrontation at the lytic synapse.In this chapter, we describe a flow cytometry-based method to simultaneously assess the extent of CTL activation and of tumor cell reparative membrane turnover in CTL/target cell conjugates. Such a method can be performed using a limited number of cells. It can therefore be employed in clinical settings when only a few patient-derived cells might be available.
Hate Speech online: Hartknäckiges Phänomen und interdisziplinärer Forschungsgegenstand
Authors: Jaki Sylvia , Steiger Stefan 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungWährend in der Frühphase des Internets die erwarteten positiven Wirkungen digitaler Kommunikation auf demokratische Diskurse betont wurden, hat sich die Perspektive in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich getrübt. Die gezielte Verbreitung von Desinformationen zur Beeinflussung von demokratischen Wahlen oder während der Coronapandemie stehen ebenso exemplarisch hierfür wie die Verbreitung von Hate Speech. Diese Phänomene bedrohen den demokratischen Diskurs und erschweren bspw. die Konsensfindung bei entscheidenden politischen Fragen.
Die Regulierung von Internetinhalten am Beispiel Hassrede: Ein Forschungsüberblick
Authors: Schünemann Wolf J. , Steiger Stefan 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Regulation von Hassrede ist eine zunehmend wichtige gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderung für demokratische Staaten. Insbesondere aufgrund wachsender Befürchtungen, dass digitale Hassrede politische Gewalt begünstige, haben unterschiedliche Akteure Maßnahmen zu deren Eindämmung ergriffen. Hassrede stellt damit einen der prominentesten Fälle von digitaler Inhalteregulierung dar. Sie fordert damit auch die Wahrnehmung einer relativ regulationsfreien digitalen Sphäre heraus. Dieser Beitrag skizziert unterschiedliche Studien zur Inhalteregulierung und bietet einen Überblick über die entsprechende Forschungslandschaft.
„Ihr gehört nicht dazu!“ Soziale Ausgrenzung durch Hate Speech als Problem für liberale Demokratien
Authors: Unger Doris , Unger-Sirsch Jürgen 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungMit dem Aufschwung sozialer Medien in den letzten Jahren hat auch die Sichtbarkeit von Hate Speech stark zugenommen. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat auch die Debatte um die Bekämpfung und Regulierung von Hassrede erneut Auftrieb erfahren. Unser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Ziele eine Regulierung von Hate Speech verfolgen sollte, die zum Schutz liberaler Grundwerte beiträgt, anstatt sie selbst zu verletzen. Hierbei stützen wir uns auf relativ unkontroverse liberale Grundwerte, wie sie etwa von John Rawls ( 2005) vertreten werden. Auf der Grundlage von Jeremy Waldrons The Harm in Hate Speech (2012) argumentieren wir für drei zentrale Ziele, die eine solche Regulierung verfolgen sollte: Erstens sollte eine Regulierung zur Erhaltung eines frei zugänglichen demokratischen Diskurses beitragen. Gleichzeitig sollte langfristig das Bestehen eines liberal-demokratischen Grundwertekonsenses geschützt und drittens das öffentliche Gut der gegenseitigen Zusicherung gleicher Würde erhalten werden. Aus diesen Zielen entwickeln wir generelle Richtlinien für eine Regulierung von Hassrede. Schließlich diskutieren wir anhand dieser Richtlinien konkrete Maßnahmen zum Umgang mit gruppenspezifischen Schimpfwörtern, wie etwa die automatisierte Löschung von Beiträgen in sozialen Netzwerken, und kommen zum Ergebnis, dass solche Maßnahmen in bestimmten Umständen gerechtfertigt sein können.
Dispersion relations for hadronic light-by-light scattering in triangle kinematics
Authors: Lüdtke Jan , Procura Massimiliano , Stoffer Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present a new strategy for the dispersive evaluation of the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon aμ. The new approach directly applies in the kinematic limit relevant for aμ: one of the photons is treated as an external electromagnetic field with vanishing momentum, so that the kinematics corresponds to a triangle. We derive expressions for the relevant single-particle intermediate states, as well as the tensor decompositions of the two-pion sub-processes that appear in addition to those needed in the established dispersive approach. The existing approach is based on a set of dispersion relations for the hadronic light-by-light tensor in four-point kinematics. At present it is not known how to consistently include in this framework resonant intermediate states of spin 2 or larger, due to the appearance of kinematic singularities that can be traced back to the redundancy of the tensor decomposition. We show that our new approach circumvents this problem and enables dispersion relations in the limit of triangle kinematics that are manifestly free from kinematic singularities, paving the way towards a data-driven evaluation of all relevant exclusive hadronic intermediate states.
Comparing effects of microplastic exposure, FPOM resource quality, and consumer density on the response of a freshwater particle feeder and associated ecosystem processes
Authors: Kong Ze Hui , Burdon Francis J. , Truchy Amélie , Bundschuh Mirco , Futter Martyn N. , Hurley Rachel , McKie Brendan G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFine particulate organic matter (FPOM) is an important basal resource in stream ecosystems for deposit- and filter-feeding macroinvertebrates (collectively ‘particle feeders’). Microplastics (MP) share many characteristics with FPOM (e.g. size range, surface area to volume ratios) and are potentially consumed by particle feeders. Accordingly, MP contamination of natural FPOM pools might affect particle feeder growth and survival, particularly when background FPOM resource quality is low, or intraspecific competition is high. We conducted a microcosm experiment to evaluate how a realistic (1400 particles/kg sediment) polyethylene MP (ø = 45–53 µm) concentration interacts with FPOM (ø = 63–250 µm) resource quality (low versus high nutrient content) and consumer density (10 versus 20 individuals per microcosm) to affect growth and survival of larval Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae), a model particle feeder. We additionally quantified community respiration, based on three hour measurements of oxygen consumption in the microcosms at the end of the experiment. MP exposure reduced larval body lengths by 26.7%, but only under the low consumer density treatment. MPs reduced community respiration by 26.2%, but only in the absence of chironomids, indicating an impact on microbial respiration. In comparison, low resource quality and high consumer density were associated with 53.5–70.2% reductions in community respiration, chironomid body length and/or body mass. These results suggest that effects of contamination of FPOM with MPs at environmentally realistic concentrations on the life histories of particle feeders such as C. riparius might be limited, especially relative to the effects of resource quality and consumer density. However, the reduction in microbial respiration when MPs were present highlights the need for further research addressing MP impacts on microbes, given their key roles in ecosystem functioning.
Radiologisch-nuklearmedizinische Hybriddiagnostik mit SPECT/CT bei chronischen Fuß- und Sprunggelenkserkrankungen
Authors: Rischke Hans Christian , Hase Charlotte , Schneider Thomas , Walther Markus 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Zahlreiche Erkrankungen des Fußes bzw. der Sprunggelenke können mithilfe der SPECT/CT (Single-Photon-Emmissions-Computertomographie/Computertomographie) im Hinblick auf ihre klinische Relevanz mit hoher Genauigkeit (bis > 90 %) diagnostiziert werden. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, einen aktuellen Überblick über den Stellenwert der SPECT/CT bei ausgewählten Erkrankungen an Fuß- und Sprunggelenken zu geben, insbesondere in Abgrenzung zu MRT (Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographie), CT und Röntgen.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte einer Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank Pubmed mit folgenden Begriffen: SPECT/CT, SPECT, skeletal or bone scintigraphy, CT, computed tomography, foot‑, ankle disease, ankle, tarsal, foot pain. Die Arbeiten wurden im Hinblick auf häufig auftretende Fragestellungen und Diagnosen selektiert. Ausgewählt wurden Arbeiten, die aufgrund der Anwendung der SPECT/CT eine genauere Diagnose verglichen zu alternativen Verfahren mit Änderung der Therapie beschreiben.

Ergebnisse
In mehreren Studien wurde nachgewiesen, dass ein fokal erhöhter Knochenmetabolismus bei Arthrose und Osteochondrose signifikant mit der Schmerzentstehung korreliert. Die Präsenz von symptomatischen Ossikeln, wie zum Beispiel Os naviculare accessorium Typ II und Os trigonum, können mithilfe der SPECT/CT eindeutig nachgewiesen und mit keinem anderen bildgebenden Verfahren so treffsicher als Symptomquelle zugeordnet werden. Auch knöcherne Reaktionen im Bereich von Koalitionen, Arthrodesen, Osteosynthesen, okkulten Frakturen, Prothesen und beim diabetischen Fuß können mit keiner anderen bildgebenden Methode in vergleichbarer Genauigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Therapiekonzepte wurden bei unklaren Fällen, basierend auf Standardbildgebung inkl. MRT, durch die Zusatzinformation des SPECT/CT in bis zu zwei Drittel der Fälle geändert.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung
Der Nutzen der SPECT/CT ist gegeben, wenn klinisch Unsicherheiten trotz Standardbildgebung bestehen.
Equilibrium refinement in finite action evidence games
Authors: Jiang Shaofei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEvidence games study situations where a sender persuades a receiver by selectively disclosing hard evidence about an unknown state of the world. Evidence games often have multiple equilibria. Hart et al. (Am Econ Rev 107:690-713, 2017) propose to focus on truth-leaning equilibria, i.e., perfect Bayesian equilibria where the sender discloses truthfully when indifferent, and the receiver takes off-path disclosure at face value. They show that a truth-leaning equilibrium is an equilibrium of a perturbed game where the sender has an infinitesimal reward for truth-telling. We show that, when the receiver’s action space is finite, truth-leaning equilibrium may fail to exist, and it is not equivalent to equilibrium of the perturbed game. To restore existence, we introduce a disturbed game with a small uncertainty about the receiver’s payoff. A purifiable truthful equilibrium is the limit of a sequence of truth-leaning equilibria in the disturbed games as the disturbances converge to zero. It exists and features a simple characterization. A truth-leaning equilibrium that is also purifiable truthful is an equilibrium of the perturbed game. Moreover, purifiable truthful equilibria are receiver optimal and give the receiver the same payoff as the optimal deterministic mechanism.
Muscarinic acetylcholine activity modulates cortical silent period, but not motor evoked potentials, during muscle contractions
Authors: Dempsey Lisa M. , Kavanagh Justin J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to determine if muscarinic receptor blockade affects muscle responses during voluntary contractions. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from biceps brachii in 10 subjects (age: 23 ± 2) during 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Each contraction intensity was examined under non-fatigued and fatigued conditions. All measurements were obtained post-ingestion of 25 mg promethazine or placebo. MEP area and the duration of the TMS-evoked silent period (SP) were calculated for all contractions. No drug-related differences were detected for MEP area during non-fatigued or fatigued contractions. A main effect of drug was detected for the SP (p = 0.019) where promethazine increased SP duration by an average of 0.023$$\pm$$±0.015 s. This drug effect was only identified for the unfatigued contractions and not following the sustained fatiguing contractions (p = 0.105). The cholinergic system does not influence corticospinal excitability during voluntary muscle contractions, but instead affects neural circuits associated with the TMS-evoked SP. Given the prevalence of cholinergic properties in prescription and over-the-counter medications, the current study enhances our understanding of mechanisms that may contribute to motor side-effects.
Bacterial Communities Are Less Diverse in a Strepsipteran Endoparasitoid than in Its Fruit Fly Hosts and Dominated by Wolbachia
Authors: Towett-Kirui Sharon , Morrow Jennifer L. , Close Shannon , Royer Jane E. , Riegler Markus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract Microbiomes play vital roles in insect fitness and health and can be influenced by interactions between insects and their parasites. Many studies investigate the microbiome of free-living insects, whereas microbiomes of endoparasitoids and their interactions with parasitised insects are less explored. Due to their development in the constrained environment within a host, endoparasitoids are expected to have less diverse yet distinct microbiomes. We used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterise the bacterial communities of Dipterophagus daci (Strepsiptera) and seven of its tephritid fruit fly host species. Bacterial communities of D. daci were less diverse and contained fewer taxa relative to the bacterial communities of the tephritid hosts. The strepsipteran’s microbiome was dominated by Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria) (> 96%), mainly attributed to the presence of Wolbachia, with few other bacterial community members, indicative of an overall less diverse microbiome in D. daci. In contrast, a dominance of Wolbachia was not found in flies parasitised by early stages of D. daci nor unparasitised flies. Yet, early stages of D. daci parasitisation resulted in structural changes in the bacterial communities of parasitised flies. Furthermore, parasitisation with early stages of D. daci with Wolbachia was associated with a change in the relative abundance of some bacterial taxa relative to parasitisation with early stages of D. daci lacking Wolbachia. Our study is a first comprehensive characterisation of bacterial communities in a Strepsiptera species together with the more diverse bacterial communities of its hosts and reveals effects of concealed stages of parasitisation on host bacterial communities.
The evolution of surgical hip dislocation utilization and indications over the past two decades: a scoping review
Authors: Khalifa Ahmed A. , Hassan Tohamy G. , Haridy Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the evolution of surgical hip dislocation (SHD) utilization over the past 20 years, concentrating mainly on the patients’ population (adults vs. paediatric), the hip conditions treated using this approach, and reporting on complications of this procedure.

Methods
This scoping review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A PubMed database search was performed using specific search terms for articles related to SHD published between January 2001 and November 2022.

Results
Initial search revealed 321 articles, of which 160 published in 66 journals from 28 countries were eligible for final analysis. The number of publications increased by 10.2 folds comparing the period from 2001 to 2005 with 2018 to 2022. USA and Switzerland contributed to more than 50% of the publications. Case series studies represented the majority of publications (65.6%). Articles including adult patients represented 73.1% of the publications while 10% were on paediatric patients; however, there was 14 folds increase in publications on paediatric patients comparing the first with the last five years. Managing non-traumatic conditions was reported in 77.5% of the articles, while traumatic conditions in 21.9%. Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) was the most treated non-traumatic condition reported in 53 (33.1%) articles. In contrast, femoral head fractures (FHF) were the most treated traumatic condition, which was reported in 13 articles.

Conclusion
The publications on SHD and its usage for managing traumatic and non-traumatic hip conditions showed an increasing trend over the past two decades from worldwide countries. Its use in adult patients is well established, and its utilization in treating paediatric hip conditions is becoming more popular.