bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Visit Frequencies in Rheumatology: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Jiang Yuxuan , Rudin Robert S. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveClinical visits are a fundamental aspect of rheumatic disease care, but recommendations for appropriate visit frequencies are largely absent from guidelines, scarcely studied, and inconsistently reported. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence pertaining to visit frequencies for major rheumatic diseases.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Title/abstract screening, full‐text screening, and extraction were carried out by 2 independent authors. Annual visit frequencies were either extracted or calculated and stratified by disease type and country of study. Weighted mean annual visit frequencies were calculated.ResultsA total of 273 relevant manuscript records were screened, and 28 were included after applying selection criteria. The included studies were equally divided between US and non‐US and were published between 1985 and 2021. Most (n = 16) focused on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 5), and fibromyalgia (FM; n = 4). For RA, the average annual visit frequencies were 5.25 for US rheumatologists, 4.80 for US non‐rheumatologists, 3.29 for non‐US rheumatologists, and 2.74 for non‐US non‐rheumatologists. For SLE, annual visit frequencies for non‐rheumatologists were much higher than for US rheumatologists (12.3 versus 3.24). For FM, annual visit frequencies were 1.80 for US rheumatologists and 0.40 for non‐US rheumatologists. There was a decreasing trend of visit frequency to rheumatologists from 1982 to 2019.ConclusionEvidence for rheumatology clinical visits was limited and heterogeneous on a global scale. However, general trends suggest more frequent visits in the US and less frequent visits in recent years.
Designing a Length‐Modulated Azide Photocrosslinker to Improve the Stretchability of Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Kim Seung Hyun , Chung Sein , Kim Minkyu , Yoo Dongho , Ok Eunsol , Kim Seunghyun , Song Kyu Chan , Song Young Jae , Kang Boseok , Cho Kilwon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo impart high stretchability to semiconducting polymers, researchers have used a photocrosslinking approach based on the nitrene chemistry of an azide‐incorporated molecular additive. However, understanding of the molecular design of azide crosslinkers with respect to their effects on the electrical and mechanical properties of semiconducting polymer thin films is lacking. In this study, the effects of an azide photocrosslinker's molecular length and structure on the microstructural, electrical features, and stretchability of photocrosslinked conjugated polymer films is investigated. For a systematic comparison, a series of nitrene‐induced photocrosslinkers (n‐NIPSs) with different numbers of ethylene glycol repeating units (n = 1, 4, 8, 13) that bridge two tetrafluoro‐aryl azide end groups is synthesized. Two semicrystalline conjugated polymers and two nearly amorphous conjugated polymers are co‐processed with n‐NIPSs and crosslinked by brief exposure to UV light. It is found that, among the synthesized n‐NIPSs, the shortest one (1‐NIPS) is the most efficient in improving the stretchability of crosslinked indacenodithiophene‐benzothiadiazole films and that the improvement is achieved only with nearly amorphous polymers, not with semicrystalline conjugated polymers. On the basis of systematic studies, it is suggested that crosslinking density in amorphous regions is important in improving thin film stretchability.
Solution‐Processed and Room‐Temperature Spin Light‐Emitting Diode Based on Quantum Dots/Chiral Metal‐Organic Framework Heterostructure
Authors: Mustaqeem Mujahid , Chou Pi‐Tai , Kamal Saqib , Ahmad Naveed , Lin Jia‐Yu , Lu Yu‐Jung , Lee Xing‐Hao , Lin Kung‐Hsuan , Lu Kuang‐Lieh , Chen Yang‐Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpin optoelectronics is an indispensable key for the future development of spintronics. In conventional spin light emitting diodes (LEDs), spin‐polarized carrier pairs are injected electrically into the light emitting layer and create circularly polarized light (CPL). Generally, spin‐polarized carriers are accomplished using ferromagnetic contacts or applying an external magnetic field, which will produce several drawbacks, including low temperature operation, low spin‐polarized carriers injection efficiency, etc. To circumvent the existing shortcomings, here, an alternative approach is proposed and achieves spin‐polarized LEDs at room temperature based on quantum dots (QDs)/chiral metal‐organic framework heterojunction without using ferromagnetic contacts or magnetic fields. The spin‐polarized injected layer composed of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM)/Chiral‐MOF ([Sr(9,10‐adc)(DMAc)2]n)) film, which produces spin‐polarized holes with spin orientation, determining the polarization and strength of circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL). The spin‐QLED emits CP‐EL at a rate of 12.24% efficiency, which provides an excellent alternative to generate new functionality for conventional QLEDs. The approach is anticipated to be very useful, enabling to offer a general methodology for generating not yet realized spin optoelectronic devices.
Ballistic Ejection of Microdroplets from Overpacked Interfacial Assemblies
Authors: Wu Xuefei , Bordia Gautam , Streubel Robert , Hasnain Jaffar , Pedroso Cássio C.S. , Cohen Bruce E. , Rad Behzad , Ashby Paul , Omar Ahmad K. , Geissler Phillip L. , Wang Dong , Xue Han , Wang Jianjun , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpontaneous emulsification, resulting from the assembly and accumulation of surfactants at liquid–liquid interfaces, is an interfacial instability where microdroplets are generated and diffusively spread from the interface until complete emulsification. Here, it is shown that an external magnetic field can modulate the assembly of paramagnetic nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) at liquid–liquid interfaces to trigger an oversaturation in the areal density of the NPSs at the interface, as evidenced by a marked reduction in the interfacial tension, γ, and corroborated with a magnetostatic continuum theory. Despite the significant reduction in γ, the presence of the magnetic field does not cause stable interfaces to become unstable. Upon rapid removal of the field, however, an explosive ejection of a plume of microdroplets from the surface occurs, a dynamical interfacial instability which is termed explosive emulsification. This explosive event rapidly reduces the areal density of the NPSs to its pre‐field level, stabilizing the interface. The ability to externally suppress or trigger the explosive emulsification and controlled generation of tens of thousands of microdroplets, uncovers an efficient energy storage and release process, that has potential applications for controlled and directed delivery of chemicals and remotely controlled soft microrobots, taking advantage of the ferromagnetic nature of the microdroplets.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable BaAl4Sb2O12:Eu2+ Phosphor in Air
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Dong Lile , Lyu Zeyu , Sun Dashuai , Tan Taixing , You Hongpeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite many Eu2+‐doped phosphors having been synthesized by different methods, a simple synthetic strategy for Eu2+‐doped high‐performance phosphors remains one of the significant challenges for phosphor‐conversion white light‐emitting diodes. Herein, a novel broad‐band excitation yellow phosphor Ba0.985Al4Sb2O12:0.015Eu2+ (BASO:Eu2+) with high thermal stability (423 K, 94%) and internal quantum efficiency (96.7%) are reported. More importantly, the novel phosphor is synthesized by solid‐state reaction at high temperatures in air. Structural and spectral analyses show that the Eu2+ ions in BASO preferably occupy [BaO8] hexahedra, forming a single luminescence center. This study provides a reliable direction for the facile synthesis of high‐performance Eu2+‐doped phosphors in air.
Hierarchical Ni/N/C Single‐Site Catalyst Achieving Industrial‐Level Current Density and Ultra‐Wide Potential Plateau of High CO Faradic Efficiency for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Zhang Junru , Tian Jingyi , Guo Yue , Xu Fengfei , Zhang Yan , Wang Xizhang , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiang , Hu Zheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe practical applications of CO2 electroreduction to CO driven by renewable electricity should simultaneously meet the requests of industrial‐level CO partial current density (JCO) at least 100 mA cm−2, wide potential window of high CO faradic efficiency (FECO), and low cost. Herein, a new strategy is reported to construct porous hierarchical Ni/N/C single‐site catalyst with excellent catalytic activity via coating Ni‐containing ZIF‐8 on mesostructured basic magnesium carbonate template followed by pyrolysis. The abundant micropores facilitate the formation of numerous edge‐hosted Ni‐N4 sites with high intrinsic activity, and the interconnected macro/mesopores much promote CO2 delivery and CO release for the full expression of intrinsic activity. Consequently, the catalyst exhibits the industrial‐level JCO of 105–462 mA cm−2 at the potential range of −0.6∼−1.3 V with ultra‐wide high FECO plateau (>90%@−0.4∼−1.3 V), showing great promise for practical application. This study provides a general synthetic strategy to explore high‐performance hierarchical M/N/C electrocatalysts.
Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Immunosensor Based on Hierarchically Porous Metal–Organic Framework‐Engineered Enzyme Catalysts
Authors: Yan Xu , Su Dandan , Li Hongxia , Zhao Xu , Liu Xiaomin , Liu Fangmeng , Sun Peng , Lu Geyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInvestigations on the utilization efficiency and bioactivity of the enzyme nanocarriers are critical for realizing sensitive biosensors. Herein, hierarchically porous enzyme@peptide‐directed metal–organic frameworks (enzyme@MOFs‐P) nanoarchitectures are constructed by implemented site‐selective epitaxial growth to create mesopore and defect structures. The expanded size of the pores provides suitable space for homogeneously accommodating enzymes and enhances interfacial contact with enzymes, as well as reducing steric hindrance of target recognition to boost the mass transfer process. Harnessing the enzyme‐mediated surface etching of gold nanostars, a robust enzyme@MOFs‐P‐based plasmonic immunosensor is constructed for the sensitive detection of imidacloprid pesticide. In conjunction with using a smartphone‐based homemade device and image‐processing algorithm, quantitative detection of imidacloprid is achieved with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.02 ng mL−1, which shows ≈1000‐fold improvement in sensitivity compared with that of a typical immunoassay. This work gives valuable insight into engineering size‐tunable nanostructures and the structure‐activity relationship of MOFs, guiding the construction of plasmonic biosensors for on‐site application.
Surface Density of Cobalt Single Atoms Manipulating Hydroxyl Radical Generation Via Dual Pathways: Electrons Supply and Active sites
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Guangfei , Wang Yuchao , Liu Shenning , Qiu Jiakai , Xu Yanjun , Wang Zhuan , Wang Yuxian , Xie Yongbing , Cao Hongbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic generation of •OH from O3 is an intriguing avenue for aqueous organics degradation due to the high utilization of photogenerated electrons, but ambiguous information about charge transfer and surface‐active sites hinders the optimization of photocatalysts. In this work, a series of cobalt single‐atom catalysts (SACs) anchored on graphitic carbon nitride to improve •OH generation from O3 via electron reduction and catalytic activation dual pathway is synthesized. Various characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that cobalt single atoms can introduce trap states for holes, which improve the light‐harvesting ability and accelerate the transfer of electrons and holes. Meanwhile, Co single atoms can also act as active sites to accelerate ozone decomposition and produce •OH directly. Particularly, the influence of different surface densities of Co single atoms on photogenerated electron supply and surface reaction is disclosed. A higher density of Co provided more active sites for O3 catalytic activation, but the narrowed distance between oxidation and reduction centers reduces the supply of available electrons by worsening the charge recombination. This work offers an atomic‐level correlation of the isolated metal density and photocatalytic properties, and can scientifically guide the design of high‐performance photocatalysts for organic synthesis and water purification.
Spatial‐Division‐Assisted Multi‐Level Amplitude‐Programmable Metasurface for Dual‐Band Direct Wireless Communication
Authors: Zheng Yilin , Xu Zhiyuan , Zhang Na , Wang Jian , Jiang Tian , Chen Ke , Feng Yijun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation technique, programmable metasurfaces with real‐time EM responses (e.g., phase, amplitude) have emerged as a new type of wireless communication transmitter, which has the advantages of simple architecture and low cost. Here, it has been proposed a design strategy of dual‐band wireless communication system based on a spatial‐division‐assisted multi‐level amplitude‐programmable metasurface. The carrier frequency and modulation scheme of each physical channel can be independently designed by changing the external bias voltages and the spatial‐coding sequences applied onto the metasurface. As the proof‐of‐concept, experiments are conducted to prove the feasibility of the system in sub 6G communication band. Two pictures are successfully transmitted via high and low‐frequency channels using binary amplitude‐shift keying and 4 amplitude‐shift keying modulation schemes, respectively.
Recent Developments in Manganese, Iron and Cobalt Homogeneous Catalyzed Synthesis of Primary Amines via Reduction of Nitroarenes, Nitriles and Carboxamides
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Darcel Christophe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe preparation of primary amines attracts huge attention in the molecular synthetic community. Indeed, amines play a crucial role in chemistry as they are important substructures in a huge amount of drug molecules, agrochemicals, dyes and molecular materials. Compared to stoichiometric reductions using metal hydride based reagents, the catalyzed reduction of nitroarenes, nitriles and carboxamides appears to be an attractive option, mainly when associated to first row transition metals such as manganese, iron, or cobalt. In this short review, we illustrate the progress achieved in homogeneous hydrogenation, hydrogen transfer, hydrogen borrowing and hydrosilylation of nitroarenes, nitriles and carboxamides.magnified image
Comparing Random Forest to Bayesian Networks as nitrogen management decision support systems
Authors: Sulik John , Banger Kamaljit , Janovicek Ken , Nasielski Joshua , Deen Bill 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNitrogen (N) is notoriously difficult to manage and there are many approaches for fertilizer N rate recommendations. Existing fertilizer N rate recommendation systems can be improved by incorporating the effects of weather on sidedress economicoptimum N rates (EONR). In this study, we evaluated the performance of machine learning methods, a Bayesian Network (BN) and a Random Forest (RF) for estimating EONR for corn. BN draws relationships between variables based on assumptions about conditional independence, where the model is structured by an algorithm or, in this case, expert opinion. In contrast, RF determines model structure based on the input variables and model output. The models were trained and validated using a large database (n = 324) of corn yield response to N fertilizer collected across southern Ontario. Sixty‐six of the 324 site‐years were used for validation with success assessed by the frequency that N rate predictions that produced net returns were within CAN$25 ha−1 of the observed EONR. The success rate was 64% and 48% for the BN and RF, respectively. Both models incorporated weather from planting to sidedress and outperformed a benchmark provincial N recommendation system. We argue that BN has advantages when some input variables are unknown or uncertain and for improving model structure with stakeholder feedback. Moreover, RF is easy to implement but the model structure must use point estimates instead of probabilities for uncertain parameter values such as future weather. BN represents a more flexible modeling approach than RF for incorporating both modeling and stakeholder input.
The role of hybrid seed inviability in angiosperm speciation
Authors: Coughlan Jenn M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding which reproductive barriers contribute to speciation is essential to understanding the diversity of life on earth. Several contemporary examples of strong hybrid seed inviability (HSI) between recently diverged species suggest that HSI may play a fundamental role in plant speciation. Yet, a broader synthesis of HSI is needed to clarify its role in diversification. Here, I review the incidence and evolution of HSI. Hybrid seed inviability is common and evolves rapidly, suggesting that it may play an important role early in speciation. The developmental mechanisms that underlie HSI involve similar developmental trajectories in endosperm, even between evolutionarily deeply diverged incidents of HSI. In hybrid endosperm, HSI is often accompanied by whole‐scale gene misexpression, including misexpression of imprinted genes which have a key role in endosperm development. I explore how an evolutionary perspective can clarify the repeated and rapid evolution of HSI. In particular, I evaluate the evidence for conflict between maternal and paternal interests in resource allocation to offspring (i.e., parental conflict). I highlight that parental conflict theory generates explicit predictions regarding the expected hybrid phenotypes and genes responsible for HSI. While much phenotypic evidence supports a role of parental conflict in the evolution of HSI, an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of this barrier is essential to test parental conflict theory. Lastly, I explore what factors may influence the strength of parental conflict in natural plant populations as an explanation for why rates of HSI may differ between plant groups and the consequences of strong HSI in secondary contact.
The Neanderthal patellae from Krapina (Croatia): A comparative investigation of their endostructural conformation and distinctive features compared to the extant human condition
Authors: Cazenave Marine , Radovčić Davorka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Neanderthal patella differs from that of extant humans by being thicker anteroposteriorly and by having more symmetric medial and lateral articular facets. However, it is still unclear to what extent these differences affect knee kinesiology. We aim at assessing the endostructural conformation of Neanderthal patellae to reveal functionally related mechanical information comparatively to the extant human condition. In principle, we expect that the Neanderthal patella (i) shows a higher amount of cortical bone and (ii) a trabecular network organization distinct from the extant human condition.Materials and MethodsBy using micro‐focus X‐ray tomography, we characterized the endostructure of six adult patellae from the OIS 5e Neanderthal site of Krapina, Croatia, the largest assemblage of human fossil patellae assessed so far, and compared their pattern to the configuration displayed by a sample of 22 recent humans.Results and DiscussionThe first expectation is rejected, indicating that the patellar bone might have not followed the trend of generalized gracilization of the human postcranial skeleton occurred through the Upper Pleistocene. The second prediction is at least partially supported. In Krapina the trabecular network differs from the comparative sample by showing a higher medial density and by lacking a proximal reinforcement. Such conformation indicates similar load patterns exerted in Neanderthals and extant humans by the vastus lateralis, but not by the vastus medialis, with implications on the mediolateral stabilization of the knee joint. However, the patterns of structural variation of the patellar network remain to be assessed in other Neanderthal samples.
Stroke in Patients with Bacterial Meningitis: A Cohort Study and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Beuker Carolin , Werring Nils , Bonberg Nadine , Strecker Jan‐Kolja , Schmidt‐Pogoda Antje , Schwindt Wolfram , Stracke Paul , Schulte‐Mecklenbeck Andreas , Gross Catharina , Wiendl Heinz , Minnerup Heike , Minnerup Jens 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to characterize patients with ischemic stroke due to bacterial meningitis.MethodsIn a single‐center retrospective study, we analyzed 102 patients with bacterial meningitis of which 19 had an ischemic stroke. Clinical characteristics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses, and spatiotemporal distribution of infarcts were assessed. In addition, we searched PubMed from database inception to August 2021 for observational studies on ischemic stroke in patients with bacterial meningitis, and performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the frequency and timing of stroke as well as its effect on mortality.ResultsIn our cohort, 15 (78.9%) patients with stroke had an modified Rankin scale (mRS) 3 at discharge compared to 33 (39.8%) in patients without stroke (p < 0.01). Of 1,692 patients with bacterial meningitis from 15 cohort studies included in our meta‐analysis, cerebral infarcts were found in 332 (16%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.20) patients. The occurrence of stroke was strongly associated with a higher mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.70–3.34, p < 0.0001). There was no association of any specific causative pathogen with the occurrence of stroke. Infarcts were mainly distributed in territories of arteries located in the vicinity to the infection focus and peaked at 3 to –7 days and at 2 weeks after onset of meningitis. In patients with ischemic stroke, vasculopathy was found in 63.2% and additional intracerebral hemorrhage in 15.8%.InterpretationThis study found that ischemic stroke due to bacterial meningitis is caused by cerebral vasculopathy located in the vicinity of the infection focus, and that the time course of infarctions might enable a therapeutic intervention. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1094–1105
Substratverankerte Diarylethen‐basierte Filme aus metallorganischem Gerüst als gerichtete Photoaktoren
Authors: Jiang Yunzhe , Liu Yidong , Grosjean Sylvain , Bon Volodymyr , Hodapp Patrick , Kanj Anemar Bruno , Kaskel Stefan , Bräse Stefan , Wöll Christof , Heinke Lars 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMolekulare Maschinen und responsive Materialien eröffnen eine Fülle neuer Möglichkeiten in der Nanotechnologie. Wir präsentieren ein orientiertes kristallines Array von Diarylethen (DAE)‐basierten Photoaktoren, die so angeordnet sind, dass sie eine anisotrope Reaktion erzeugen. Die DAE‐Einheiten werden zusammen mit einem sekundären Linker zu einem monolithischen oberflächenverankerten metallorganischen Gerüst‐Film (SURMOF) zusammengefügt. Infrarot und UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie zusammen mit Synchrotron‐Röntgenbeugung zeigen, dass sich die lichtinduzierten Extensionsänderungen der molekularen DAE‐Linker zu mesoskopischen und anisotropen Längenänderungen vervielfachen. Aufgrund der speziellen Architektur und Substratverankerung des SURMOFs werden diese Längenänderungen auf die makroskopische Skala übertragen, was zum Biegen eines kleinen Balkens und zum Verrichten von Arbeiten führt. Dieser Artikel zeigt das Potenzial von lichtgetrieben Molekülen in SURMOFs, um Photoaktoren mit gerichteter Reaktion zu erhalten.