bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of electrical resistivity tomography to reveal the shallow freshwater–saline interface in The Fens coastal groundwater, eastern England (UK)
Authors: Moulds Mitchell , Gould Iain , Wright Isobel , Webster David , Magnone Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Fens is a region that contributes 11% of the agri-food economy from just 4% of the agricultural land covering England (UK). This region is vulnerable to soil salinisation from sea-level rise with estimated 100-year flood events projected to be observed up to every 2 years by 2100. Seawater intrusion and upwelling of saline groundwater can provide an additional pathway; however, the area’s groundwater has not been assessed and the risk is unknown. This study used data from the British Geological Survey’s stratigraphic core archive to produce the first stratigraphic map of the loosely consolidated Holocene deposits in the South Holland–Holbeach Marsh region. There is a sandy unconfined aquifer towards the coast, a semiconfined central region with a silty cap and a clay confining cap in the north region. Electrical resistivity tomography data indicate water level depths of 0.58 ± 0.37 m above mean sea level (msl) in February 2021 and 0.01 ± 0.72 m msl in August 2021. The saline–freshwater boundary was at 1.70 ± 0.82 m msl in February 2021, deepening to 2.00 ± 1.02 m msl in August 2021, but the only evidence of seasonal fluctuation was within 10 km of the coast. A potential, but unverified, freshwater lens up to 3.25 m thick may exist beneath the surface. These results suggest that freshwater–saline interface fluctuations may primarily be driven by surface hydrology and would be vulnerable to climate-change-induced future variations in factors that affect surface water.
Diffusion and upscaling of municipal climate mitigation and adaptation strategies in Germany
Authors: Kern Kristine , Eckersley Peter , Haupt Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Drawing on data for the 104 largest German cities, and deeper analysis of six mid-sized cities (including forerunners, followers and latecomers in climate mitigation and adaptation), we find that the spread of local mitigation and adaptation strategies across Germany can be explained by a combination of horizontal diffusion and vertical upscaling. Specifically, while the spread of climate mitigation initiatives in the 1990s was triggered primarily by transnational municipal networks (horizontal diffusion), the development and revision of climate mitigation strategies and the emergence of climate adaptation strategies during the last decade have been driven mainly by national and subnational funding programmes (vertical upscaling). Notably, forerunner cities are less dependent on external funding than followers and latecomers, because they have more internal capacity to act. By arguing that upscaling of local climate policies from forerunners to followers and latecomers depends on interventions by national and subnational authorities, we stress that the majority of German municipalities require external support in order to develop and implement effective climate strategies.
Unravelling sustainable intensification in oil-palm agroforestry on the Adja plateau, Benin
Authors: Yemadje Rolland H. , Koussihouèdé Hermione , Rafflegeau Sylvain 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPathways for mediating the competing land-use claims of landowners and tenants in oil palm agroforestry systems in Benin’s Adja plateau do not consider the diversity of land-management practices. Therefore, we analysed how soil properties and maize yields in those systems are affected by two contrasting categories of land-management practices and fertilisation options. We used a synchronic approach to split these practices and options into two successive steps. In Step 1, referred to as cropped fields, tenants continuously intercrop maize among scattered oil palms. In Step 2, referred to as fallows, the land is densely planted with oil palm, without intercropping. Twelve farmers’ fields were selected for this study. Eight represent cropping fields, and four are 15-year-old oil-palm fallows. Cropped field fertilisation treatments consisted of farmyard manure (at 15 and 30 t ha−1) and mineral fertiliser (150 kg ha−1 of N14P18K18S6B1 + 50 kg ha−1 of urea). We found no significant differences between the N contents and C:N ratios of the two types of fields. However, the numbers and masses of earthworm casts were higher in cropped fields treated with farmyard manure than with mineral fertiliser. Farmyard manure (15 and 30 t ha−1 rates) also produced significantly higher maize yields (respectively, 2.5 and 3.2 t ha−1) than the mineral fertiliser alone (1.9 t of maize per ha). We conclude by discussing N, K and P storage in soil, and recommended use of farmyard manure as an agroforestry practice that will benefit landowners and tenants alike on the Adja plateau.
Changes in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Mediate Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Positive Emotional Memory Biases
Authors: Cho Christine , Yoo Hyun Joo , Min Jungwon , Nashiro Kaoru , Thayer Julian F. , Lehrer Paul M. , Mather Mara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrevious research suggests that implicit automatic emotion regulation relies on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, most of the human studies supporting this hypothesis have been correlational in nature. In the current study, we examine how changes in mPFC-left amygdala functional connectivity relate to emotional memory biases. In a randomized clinical trial examining the effects of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback on brain mechanisms of emotion regulation, we randomly assigned participants to increase or decrease heart rate oscillations while receiving biofeedback. After several weeks of daily biofeedback sessions, younger and older participants completed an emotional picture memory task involving encoding, recall, and recognition phases as an additional measure in this clinical trial. Participants assigned to increase HRV (Osc+) (n = 84) showed a relatively higher rate of false alarms for positive than negative images than participants assigned to decrease HRV (Osc−) (n = 81). Osc+ participants also recalled relatively more positive compared with negative items than Osc− participants, but this difference was not significant. However, a summary bias score reflecting positive emotional memory bias across recall and recognition was significantly higher in the Osc+ than Osc− condition. As previously reported, the Osc+ manipulation increased left amygdala-mPFC resting-state functional connectivity significantly more than the Osc− manipulation. This increased functional connectivity significantly mediated the effects of the Osc+ condition on emotional bias. These findings suggest that, by increasing mPFC coordination of emotion-related circuits, daily practice increasing heart rate oscillations can increase implicit emotion regulation.
Implicit regularization of a deep augmented neural network model for human motion prediction
Authors: Yadav Gaurav Kumar , Abdel-Nasser Mohamed , Rashwan Hatem A. , Puig Domenec , Nandi G. C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPredicting human motion based on past observed motion is one of the challenging issues in computer vision and graphics. Existing research works are dealing with this issue by using discriminative models and showing the results for cases that follow a homogeneous distribution (in distribution) and not discussing the issues of the domain shift problem, where training and testing data follow a heterogeneous (out of distribution) problem, which is the reality when such models are used in practice. However, recent research proposed addressing domain shift issues by augmenting the discriminative model with a generative model and obtained better results. In the present investigation, we propose regularizing the extended network by inserting linear layers to minimize the rank of the latent space and train the entire end-to-end network. We regularize the network to strengthen the model to deal effectively with domain shift scenarios. Both training and testing data come from different distribution sets; to deal with this, we toughen our network by adding the extra linear layers to the network encoder. We tested our model with the benchmark datasets, CMU Motion Capture and Human3.6M, and proved that our model outperforms 14 OoD actions of H3.6M and 7 OoD actions of CMU MoCap in terms of the Euclidean distance calculated between predicted and ground truth joint angle values. Our average results of 14 OoD actions for short-term (80, 160, 320, 400) are 0.34, 0.6, 0.96, 1.07, and for CMU MoCap of 7 OoD actions for short-term and long term (80, 160, 320, 400, 1000) are 0.28, 0.45, 0.77, 0.89, 1.46. All these results are much better than the other state-of-the-art results.
Aerosols, Clusters, Greenhouse Gases, Trace Gases and Boundary-Layer Dynamics: on Feedbacks and Interactions
Authors: Kulmala Markku , Kokkonen Tom , Ezhova Ekaterina , Baklanov Alexander , Mahura Alexander , Mammarella Ivan , Bäck Jaana , Lappalainen Hanna K. , Tyuryakov Svyatoslav , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Zilitinkevich Sergej , Petäjä Tuukka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTurbulence is the key process transporting material and energy in the atmosphere. Furthermore, turbulence causes concentration fluctuations, influencing different atmospheric processes such as deposition, chemical reactions, formation of low-volatile vapours, formation of new aerosol particles and their growth in the atmosphere, and the effect of aerosol particles on boundary-layer meteorology. In order to analyse the connections, interactions and feedbacks relating those different processes require a deep understanding of atmospheric turbulence mechanisms, atmospheric chemistry and aerosol dynamics. All these processes will further influence air pollution and climate. The better we understand these processes and their interactions and associated feedback, the more effectively we can mitigate air pollution as well as mitigate climate forcers and adapt to climate change. We present several aspects on the importance of turbulence including how turbulence is crucial for atmospheric phenomena and feedbacks in different environments. Furthermore, we discuss how boundary-layer dynamics links to aerosols and air pollution. Here, we present also a roadmap from deep understanding to practical solutions.
High-density linkage maps and chromosome level genome assemblies unveil direction and frequency of extensive structural rearrangements in wood white butterflies (Leptidea spp.)
Authors: Höök L. , Näsvall K. , Vila R. , Wiklund C. , Backström N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKaryotypes are generally conserved between closely related species and large chromosome rearrangements typically have negative fitness consequences in heterozygotes, potentially driving speciation. In the order Lepidoptera, most investigated species have the ancestral karyotype and gene synteny is often conserved across deep divergence, although examples of extensive genome reshuffling have recently been demonstrated. The genusLeptideahas an unusual level of chromosome variation and rearranged sex chromosomes, but the extent of restructuring across the rest of the genome is so far unknown. To explore the genomes of the wood white (Leptidea) species complex, we generated eight genome assemblies using a combination of 10X linked reads and HiC data, and improved them using linkage maps for two populations of the common wood white (L. sinapis) with distinct karyotypes. Synteny analysis revealed an extensive amount of rearrangements, both compared to the ancestral karyotype and between theLeptideaspecies, where only one of the three Z chromosomes was conserved across all comparisons. Most restructuring was explained by fissions and fusions, while translocations appear relatively rare. We further detected several examples of segregating rearrangement polymorphisms supporting a highly dynamic genome evolution in this clade. Fusion breakpoints were enriched for LINEs and LTR elements, which suggests that ectopic recombination might be an important driver in the formation of new chromosomes. Our results show that chromosome count alone may conceal the extent of genome restructuring and we propose that the amount of genome evolution in Lepidoptera might still be underestimated due to lack of taxonomic sampling.
Enhancing quinoa cultivation in the Andean highlands of Peru: a breeding strategy for improved yield and early maturity adaptation to climate change using traditional cultivars
Authors: Lozano-Isla Flavio , Apaza José-David , Mujica Sanchez Angel , Blas Sevillano Raúl , Haussmann Bettina I. G. , Schmid Karl 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) is an ancient food crop that originated in the Andes. It has good nutritional properties that increasingly attract interest around the world and it is considered as a future crop for food security and climate change adaptation. Currently, there is a great need to develop new quinoa varieties with higher yield, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and adaptation to new growing areas. Despite the existence of breeding programs, quantitative genetic parameters that are relevant for selection gain have hardly been investigated for quinoa. We estimated these parameters for important agronomic traits in six segregating populations of 96 lines each, derived from crosses of popular traditional Peruvian quinoa varieties. The traits were evaluated in trials at several locations in the Peruvian highlands over 3 years. Maturity was the best phenological stage for trait evaluation because at this stage we obtained high estimates of heritability and high correlation of panicle trait indices with grain yield. Based on these traits, we selected the 18 best lines and characterized them in additional field trials for the same traits. Three lines (HUA × KAN53, SAL × NCO46 and SAL × PAN171) combined advantageous traits of their parents and showed lower plant height, earlier maturity and higher yield. Our work shows that the estimation of variance and variance components in the amphidiploid crop quinoa provides useful information for the design of breeding programs and the selection of improved genotypes for cultivation in the Peruvian highlands.
Relational and Distributive Discrimination
Authors: Dinur Rona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent philosophical accounts of discrimination face challenges in accommodating robust intuitions about the particular way in which it is wrongful—most prominently, the intuition that discriminatory actions intrinsically violate equality irrespective of their contingent consequences. The paper suggests that we understand the normative structure of discrimination in a way that is different from the one implicitly assumed by these accounts. It argues that core discriminatory wrongs—such as segregation in Apartheid South Africa—divide into two types, corresponding to violations of relational and distributive equality; and that a pluralistic view of the internal structure of each type should be adopted. This normative structure serves to appropriately vindicate the mentioned intuitions; it also contributes to clarifying the normative underpinnings of legal concepts associated with discrimination (including the distinctions between direct and indirect, or ‘disparate treatment/impact’ discrimination, and intentional vs. unintentional discrimination), and developing a more productive public discourse around allegations of discrimination.
Religiosity and ambivalent sexism: the role of religious group narcissism
Authors: Lockhart Christopher , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough religious identification often correlates positively with traditional gender role attitudes and ambivalent sexism (Mikołajczak & Pietrzak, Sex Roles, 70(9–10), 387–399, 2014), other work shows it has countervailing associations with related conservative views (Lockhart et al., Religion, Brain & Behavior, 10(4), 379–392, 2020). One reason these opposing effects emerge is that insecure (or narcissistic) and secure forms of religious identification may have differing impacts on ambivalent sexism. To test this possibility, we analysed data from a nationwide random sample of adults who identified as religious (N = 1116). Whilst religious identification alone was unassociated with hostile and benevolent sexism, religious narcissism correlated positively with both forms of sexism. After including both predictors in a regression, religious identification correlated negatively with both forms of sexism and religious narcissism became a stronger positive correlate of sexism. These findings demonstrate that secure and insecure forms of religious identification suppress the respective positive and negative associations religious identification and religious narcissism have with sexism.
The clinical spectrum of aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Otu Akaninyene , Kosmidis Chris , Mathioudakis Alexander G. , Ibe Chibuike , Denning David W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. In this review, we present the clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of syndromes caused byAspergillusin COPD namely invasive aspergillosis (IA), community-acquiredAspergilluspneumonia, chronic pulmonary Aspergillosis andAspergillussensitisation. Some of these entities are clearly linked to COPD, while others may coexist, but are less clearly liked directly to COPD. We discuss current uncertainties as these pertain to IA in COPD cohorts and explore areas for future research in this field.
Shear-wave elastography of the plantar fascia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo , Gitto Salvatore , Serpi Francesca , Basile Mariachiara , Acquasanta Marzia , Lanza Ezio , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the efficacy of shear-wave elastography (SWE) of the plantar fascia (PF) in identifying plantar fasciitis.

Methods
A literature search was conducted on the PubMed and Medline databases for articles published up to August 2022. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias. We included original research studies in English dealing with the evaluation of patients with plantar fasciitis by means of SWE and including shear modulus (KPa) and/or shear-wave velocity (m/s). We compared healthy and pathologic PF stiffness using the standardised mean difference (SMD) in a random-effects model (95% CI).

Results
Five studies were included with a total of 158 pathologic PFs and 134 healthy PFs. No significant publication bias was detected. Studies were highly heterogeneous (p < 0.00001; I2 = 97%). Pathologic PFs showed significantly lower stiffness, with an SMD of − 3.00 m/s (95% confidence interval: − 4.95 to − 1.06, p = 0.002), compared to healthy PF.

Conclusion
Pathologic PFs present significantly lower stiffness than healthy PFs. However, the analysed studies are highly heterogeneous.
Branded Bodies: Judicial Torture, Punishment, and Infamy in Nineteenth-Century Iran
Authors: Vejdani Farzin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractForced branding, tattooing, and bodily inscriptions were linked to a complex intersection of meanings and uses in nineteenth-century Iran. Drawing on insights from studies of bodily inscriptions in other world historical contexts, this paper discusses branding as a marker of ownership, both of human slaves and of animals; Islamic attitudes toward bodily inscription and its symbolic significance in the afterlife; and associations between branding and human or divine love in Persian poetry. From this semiotic foundation, it turns to judicial uses of branding in nineteenth-century Iran: as torture for the extraction of incriminating admissions, and as punishment intended to shame (symbolically casting the criminal from society, stigmatizing their crime) and identify (tracking convicted criminals). Throughout the paper, branding’s legal place is understood in relation to silence and speaking, writing and reading, pain, humiliation, and the inversion of branding’s meaning by its victims, in Iran and a number of other societies.
Bilingual toddlers show increased attention capture by static faces compared to monolinguals
Authors: Mousley Victoria L , MacSweeney Mairéad , Mercure Evelyne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBilingual infants rely differently than monolinguals on facial information, such as lip patterns, to differentiate their native languages. This may explain, at least in part, why young monolinguals and bilinguals show differences in social attention. For example, in the first year, bilinguals attend faster and more often to static faces over non-faces than do monolinguals (Mercure et al., 2018). However, the developmental trajectories of these differences are unknown. In this pre-registered study, data were collected from 15- to 18-month-old monolinguals (English) and bilinguals (English and another language) to test whether group differences in face-looking behaviour persist into the second year. We predicted that bilinguals would orient more rapidly and more often to static faces than monolinguals. Results supported the first but not the second hypothesis. This suggests that, even into the second year of life, toddlers’ rapid visual orientation to static social stimuli is sensitive to early language experience.
Photoevaporation of Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Komaki Ayano , Nakatani Riouhei , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhotoelectric effect of dust grains by UV radiation is an important process for disk heating, but as a disk evolves, the amount of dust grains decreases. Photoeaporation is a disk dispersal process, which is caused by high-energy radiation. We perform a set of photoevaporation simulations solving hydrodynamics with radiative transfer and non-equilibrium chemistry in a self-consistent way. We run a series of simulations with varying the dust-to-gas mass ratio in a range . We show that H2 pumping and X-ray heating mainly contribute to the disk heating in case of and photoelectric effect mainly heats the gas in cases. The mass-loss profile changes significantly with respect to the main heating process. The outer disk is more efficiently dispersed when photoelectric effect is the main heating source.
Mush Amalgamation, Short Residence, and Sparse Detectability of Eruptible Magma Before Andean Super‐Eruptions
Authors: Weber G. , Blundy J. , Bevan D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiant volcanic eruptions have the potential to overturn civilizations. Yet, the driving mechanism and timescale over which batholithic magma reservoirs transition from non‐eruptible crystal mush to mobile melt‐dominated stages and our capacity to detect a pending super‐eruption remain obscure. Here we show, using Sr isotope zonation in plagioclase crystals from three Andean large‐magnitude eruptions (Atana, Toconao, and Tara ignimbrites), that eruptible magma forms by amalgamation of isotopically diverse crystal populations and silicic melt without large‐scale reheating. In each case, crystals record large isotopic diversity in crystal cores, converging toward a common value in crystal rims that coincides with the composition of the rhyolitic carrier melt. Using diffusion chronometry, we show that the assembled magma resided pre‐eruptively in the crust for timescales of no more than decades to centuries for Atana and Tara, but up to several millennia for Toconao. These timescales and isotopic observations are consistent with the accumulation and destabilization of melt‐rich layers in crystal mush. While the prospect of capturing such melt lenses with most geophysical monitoring techniques is pessimistic, gravity modeling indicates that such structures are potentially resolvable. Our findings provoke a new assessment of the origin and hazards associated with large magnitude explosive eruptions.