bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Leading to Brain Drain of Speech and Hearing Professionals in India
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Rao Amulya P. , Krishna Y. , Arun B. , Yathiraj Asha , Indranil C. , Sunil K. R , Pradeep  , Kumar Prawin , Suman K. , Nayaka Javara , Achaiah  , Reuben T. V , Valame Deepa , Bajaj Gagan , Shetty Hemanth Narayan , Priya M. B , Krishnan Gayathri , Hegde Prasanna 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
India lacks workforce in the field of speech and hearing leading to the hire of speech and hearing technicians at many work setups. They are allowed to work independently which affects the efficacy of rehabilitation to a greater extent. This alarm necessitates the investigation of reasons for brain drain which will, in turn, help in improvising the speech and hearing services in India.

Methods
An e-survey was conducted by circulating a questionnaire which included 10 questions seeking information on the type of job placement, number of shifts in job, the reasons for shifting jobs, satisfaction level at workplace, and percentage of professionals preferring India and/or abroad for job placement. The questionnaire was sent to 3700 professionals, out of whom 360 professionals responded.

Results
Lower income, poor professional growth, and unsatisfied job profile were found to be the major reasons for brain drain in India.

Conclusion
A regular detailed investigation of reasons for frequent brain drain is required by the concerned bodies in India. In addition, steps should also be taken to rectify the same. Such careful actions may increase the potential employment opportunities for efficient fully trained speech and hearing professionals in India. This will, in turn, raise good quality speech and hearing services in India.
Articulation Rate and Speech Rhythm in Child-Directed Speech and Adult-Directed Speech
Authors: Shivaswamy Jyothi , Maruthy Santosh , Barman Animesh 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Studies have demonstrated that mothers exaggerate linguistic, segmental and supra-segmental properties of Child-Directed Speech. However, these studies have majorly focused on acoustic characteristics of pitch and its related measures. There has been relatively little research on speech rhythm. Though many studies report slower articulation rate relative to Adult-Directed Speech, still there is no conclusive evidence across different languages.

Aims
This study aims to examine articulation rate and rhythm in Kannada speaking mothers, a Dravidian language which is less explored.

Methods and Material
Twenty-five dyads of mothers and their children were recruited from the local community through random sampling for the study. The mean age of these children was 2.08 years (SD = 0.61, range= 1.89). The mean age of mothers was 30.96 years (SD= 3.44, range= 13). Articulation rate was calculated by dividing the number of syllables per second by the total duration of fluent speech in each two-minute sample. Speech rhythm was measured using an automatized approach, i.e., Envelope Modulation Spectra (EMS).

Results
Results demonstrated that mothers spoke slower to their children when compared to speaking with the adult supporting the universality nature of Child-Directed Speech.

Conclusions
However, results showed no conclusive evidence for the analysis of speech rhythm and hence gives a future direction to explore on the use of EMS in the normal population is mandated.
Parental Perspectives on Shared Reading Practices at Home
Authors: Vrinda R. , Baiju Aparna , Rajendran Devika 
Published: March 2023

Background
Shared book reading is the interaction that occurs between child and adult when they look at or read a book together and it facilitates the development of emergent literacy and language skills. In India, oral narration of stories was the tradition and shared book reading is not a culturally familiar routine. Shared reading practice among preschoolers in India is a less explored research area.

Aim
The present study explores the parental perspectives and practices on shared reading at home and also its association with Socioeconomic status.

Method
Forty -one parents of 3-5 years old typically developing children with Malayalam as native language participated in the study. The questionnaire on 'Parental Perspectives on Storybook Reading in Indian Home Contexts' was used to understand the parental perspectives on shared reading, and the “Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale” was used to understand the socioeconomic status of the family.

Results
73.1% of parents reported that they began reading to their children between 2 and 4 years of age, 43.9% read 3–5 times per week, and 58.5% had fewer than 10 books in the home. The parental attitude and beliefs about shared reading did not correlate with SES and child's age.

Conclusion
Overall, the findings indicate that parents were aware of the benefits of storybook reading and were generally positive about it. The findings of this study provide preliminary information on the home literacy environment (HLE) in Kerala. Understanding more about the parental storybook reading practice will facilitate the development of parent programs to enhance and promote quality HLEs.
Vocal Changes in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Narasimhan S. V. , Pooja M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Spectral and cepstral analyses of voice have potential clinical implications and can be used as a quantitative acoustic index to assess vocal function in various phases of the menstrual cycle. However, only a handful of studies have attempted to investigate these measures to document the vocal changes across various phases of the menstrual cycle and the results are not conclusive. Therefore, the study aimed to document the acoustic, spectral, and cepstral parameters of voice across the four phases of the menstrual cycle.

Methods
Phonation samples were recorded during four phases of the menstrual cycle –menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation phase, and luteal phase – from 30 female participants. None of the participants reported any hormone-related problems, presence, or history of any voice problems and had a regular menstrual cycle at least from the past 5 years. All the phonation samples were analyzed, and the acoustic, spectral, and cepstral parameters were extracted.

Results
Fundamental frequency, H1-H2, and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) values were significantly different across the phases of the menstrual cycle. Across the phases of the menstrual cycle, the fundamental frequency, H1-H2, and the CPP values were optimal during the follicular phase and the deviant values were noted during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Conclusion
Future investigations could include the analysis of cepstral and spectral parameters extracted from both the phonation and speech samples that can provide more penetrating and ample in-depth insights into the voice changes across the various phases of the menstrual cycle.
Cervical cancer care cascade among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in 13 sub-Saharan Africa countries between 2019 and 2021
Authors: Ng'ambi Wingston Felix , Zyambo Cosmas 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth main cause of death among women. Poor uptake of CC screening has indirect effects on increased mortality among women. Therefore, we employed the care cascade to understand the CC outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using the PEPFAR Panorama CC data collected between 2019 and 2021.

Methods:
A retrospective study using the PEPFAR Panorama CC data, from 13 countries from SSA, was performed. We calculated the proportions of women who were screened, those who were found to have positive results after screening for CC, and those who were linked to CC treatment.

Results:
A total of 2,312,541 were eligible for screening and of these, 1,429,925 (62%) were screened for CC. Of these, 162,758 (11%) were diagnosed with CC. Of these, 115,890 (71%) were provided with treatment. CC screening increased from 41% in 2019 to 90% in 2021. The CC diagnosis ranged from 8% in 2019 to 13% in 2021. CC treatment coverage increased from 64% in 2019 to 75% in 2021. Screening uptake, CC diagnosis, and CC treatment coverage varied by country and age of the women.

Conclusion:
There were variations in CC screening and treatment uptake for CC by country and age. With these inequalities in screening and coverage of treatment for CC, eliminating CC as stipulated in the sustainable development goals will remain a farfetched dream.
Overweight and obesity, the clock ticking in India? A secondary analysis of trends of prevalence, patterns, and predictors from 2005 to 2020 using the National Family Health Survey
Authors: Singh Geetu , Agrawal Renu , Tripathi Neelika , Verma Arti 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The aim of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to reduce global obesity to 2010 levels by 2025 is threatened by the increasing number of overweight and obese Indians and country's population size.

Objectives:
This study was planned with the objectives to determine the trends of prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity in India over one and a half decade (2005–2021) using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) (3, 4, and 5) and probably first analysis to describe waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as an indicator of obesity in large population.

Methods:
The outcome measures, for assessing overweight and obesity were the body mass index (BMI) by using WHO classifications (overweight/obese defined by BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).

Results:
Our analysis showed that in the 15-year period, the repeated Indian NFHS recorded the combined prevalence of overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) among women (15 and 49 years) and men (15 and 49 years) increased from 12.6% to 24% and 9.3% to 22.9% respectively. All the northern, western, southern, eastern, and north-eastern states have shown a rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in males and females in NFHS-5 since NFHS-3. The rise in rural areas is appreciable much, in women from 8.6% (NFHS-3) to 19.7% (NFHS-5) and in men from 7.3% (NFHS-3) to 19.3% (NFHS-5). The highest WHR was observed among the women (both urban and rural) of Jammu and Kashmir followed by Ladakh.

Conclusion:
The results underline the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity in both men and women across both urban and rural regions of India. Policymakers should timely have solutions for this growing problem to reduce burden on health-care system.
Economic burden of road traffic injuries among hospitalized subjects in a tertiary care center in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Kumar Rashmi P , Fathima Farah Naaz , Agrawal Twinkle , Misquith Dominic , Gururaj Gopalkrishna 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the major causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability among young adults and pose a significant economic burden to individuals, families, and communities.

Objective:
To estimate the cost of care at discharge, 3 months and 6 months among patients with RTIs admitted to a private tertiary hospital in Bengaluru, India.

Methods:
A cost-of-illness study from patient's perspective was done among 150 hospitalized injured subjects with RTIs admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru city. A face validated, structured interview schedule was administered in local language at baseline (hospital discharge time), 1 month and at 6 months to capture data on direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs incurred by the RTI victims and their family members. Hospital bills were reviewed for all the patients included in the study.

Results:
Among the 150 study participants, majority were men (94.67%), with a mean age of 35.36 years ± 14.62 years and majority were two-wheeler riders/pillions and pedestrians. Our results show the median cost incurred for care of RTI to be INR 106,374 (inter quartile range [IQR] 57,402–163,250) (USD 1418 [IQR 765–2176]). Direct medical costs contributed to 66% of the costs, whereas direct nonmedical and indirect costs contributed to 21% and 13% of the total costs, respectively.

Conclusion:
RTIs contribute to significant economic burden to patients. While prevention should be our primary goal, health financing and risk protection mechanisms should be strengthened by streamlining insurance coverage mechanisms to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure.
Prevalence of resistant hypertension and its relation with plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
Authors: Boppana Sri Harsha , Ravula Nikhil Reddy , Simhachalam Kutikuppala L. V. , Sivaraj Nagarjuna , Raja Hamsa C. H. , Mahajan Sidharth , Chaitanya P. Siva 
Published: March 2023

Background:
A major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is hypertension. Resistant hypertension is observed to be associated with an increased likelihood of deleterious effects such as cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular accident, and renal dysfunction. The raised levels of inflammatory cytokines in the plasma like the C-reactive protein (CRP) have previously been observed to be significantly raised in hypertensive patients, but the overlying mechanisms corresponding to these processes remain unknown.

Materials and Methods:
In essence, this was an observational study with data collected from a population at a specific moment in the time to assess the relationships between the variables analyzed. A total of 200 individuals with arterial hypertension took part in the study. Fasting venous blood was obtained to evaluate plasma lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity, and baseline data were collected. To diagnose RH, a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure management was done.

Results:
RH was observed among 100 patients and found to be predominant among males and older individuals, who were smokers and having hypertension for a longer period of time with higher Lp-PLA2 activity. More RH patients used calcium channel blockers and diuretics, while a fewer used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins (P 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusion:
The plasma Lp-PLA2 activity beyond a certain threshold suggests a raised risk of RH, and the statins can help in reducing the RH incidence among persons with high Lp-PLA2 levels.
DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL FITNESS PROFILES OF ATHLETES IN CYCLIC ACTIVITIES (RUNNING, CYCLING, BIATHLON)
Authors: Pavlović Ratko , Vrcić Mensur , Radulović Nikola 
Published: March 2023

Endurance-type disciplines (running, cycling, biathlon) define the cyclic structure of an athlete's movements, which, in addition to functional parameters, also includes an adequate fitness profile. Based on the detection, analysis and evaluation of these parameters, it is possible to define the fitness profile of the competitors as well as possible mutual differences. The current case study analyzes the fitness profile of competitors of three different disciplines (middle and long distances, cycling, ski biathlon) of top-level competitors, members of national teams. The study was conducted: Uroš Gutić (UG) - runner middle and long distances, member of AK "Sarajevo" and the BIH athletic national team; Milan Milivojević (MM) – cyclist, member of Cycling club "Borac" Čačak (Serbia), and the member Serbian national team; Stefan Lopatić (SL) – ski biathlete, member SK "Romanija" Pale, and BIH national team. A total of 12 parameters were measured to assess the fitness profile (repetitive strength, explosive strength, speed and agility). The results recorded considerable homogeneity of the sample with mutual differences. In addition to mutual differences, all study participants are characterized by an extremely good fitness profile, as shown by the measurement results.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0056/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Propuesta de un enfoque para el diseño de rugosidad de fondo artificial empleando barras transversales discontinuas en canales con régimen rápido
Authors: Romero Javier Osnaya , Sánchez Jesús Gracia , Mariles Óscar Arturo Fuentes , Martínez Víctor Manuel Ortiz 
Published: March 2023

En canales revestidos de fuerte pendiente se presentar velocidades de flujo tan altas, que es necesario modificar su rugosidad para disminuirlas. En este trabajo se presenta un procedimiento para determinar el grado de confianza de que puede esperarse de uno de los criterios disponibles para el diseño de rugosidades artificiales de fondo altas en canales revestidos. Con base en el teorema de Buckingham se proponen expresiones para llevar a cabo el diseño mencionado. Se desarrollan diferentes ejemplos de cálculo que incluyen un tramo de transición de rugosidad alta a la entrada del canal. El estudio concluye que la rugosidad de fondo propuesta ocasiona flujos más estables y aunque implica un costo adicional, es recomendable considerar a la rugosidad artificial cuando se desea reducir mucho la velocidad del flujo de agua al final de esta clase de conductos, pero mantener el flujo de gastos bajos para evitar su almacenamiento en el canal.
The Impact of Chosen Psychological Variables on Backslide among Recuperating Alcoholics in Rehabilitation Centers in Australia
Authors: Simpson James 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of chosen psychological factors to backslide among recovering alcoholics of Australian rehabilitation centers.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Results: The results revealed that there exist conceptual and contextual gaps relating to the study on psychological factors to backslide among recovering alcoholics of Australian rehabilitation centers. Preliminary empirical review reveals that the chosen psychological factor that mostly contributed to backslide was dwelling on resentment that causes anger due to unresolved conflict.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory may be used to categorize the key work design factors which may relate to stress-related health issues. The results of this research will form the basis for further research to aid psychologists and counsellors to understand their critical role in the alcohol treatment and rehabilitation and make them more effective in the execution of their duties.
A Psycho-Educational Assessment for Learners with Learning Disabilities in New Zealand
Authors: Brunnekreef Siert 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of psycho-educational assessment for learners with learning disabilities (LD) in New Zealand.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Results: The results revealed that there exist conceptual and contextual gaps relating to the study on psycho-education for learners with learning disabilities in New Zealand. Preliminary empirical review reveals that main challenges in psycho-educational assessment were linked to lack of proper stakeholder collaboration and interests, inadequate funding and resources, time taken in assessment and community backgrounds of the learners.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The transformative paradigm may be used to provide a framework for research in the disability communities that is more attuned to handling diversity within, aims to build on strengths within communities, develops solidarity with other groups which are marginalized, and changes its identity politics to a socio-cultural perspective.
Can diffusion-weighted imaging be used in the examination
of peritoneal fluids?
Authors: Keskin Zeynep 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe aetiology of free fluid detected in the abdomen can be investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the evaluation of abdominopelvic fluids.Material and methodsPatients with abdominopelvic fluid detected on MRI of the lower abdomen were included in this retrospective, single-centre study. Paracentesis and fluid analysis was performed in these patients. The average ADC values in fluids were measured by a radiologist. A cut-off value was determined, and the specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive values (PPV) were calculated. Intra-observer agreement was investigated.ResultsThe study comprised 41 (33 female) patients, and their mean age was 48 ± 4.02 years. The ADC values in infective fluids were significantly higher than in non-infective fluids (p < 0.001). The cut-off value used was 2.95 × 10-3 mm²/s. According to this threshold value, sensitivity in distinguishing non-infective from infective fluids was 88%, specificity was 93.8%, PPV was 95.7%, and NPV was 83.3%. Intra-observer agreement was strong in ADC values (κ = 0.699) (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe concluded that the ADC value is a non-invasive, reliable, reproducible imaging parameter that can be useful in the evaluation and characterization of abdominal fluids.