bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Lag Characteristics of Building Envelop Materials on Peak Energy Demand in Typical Hot and Humid Climate of India
Authors: Sah Shammy Kumar , Murugesan Krishnan , Rajasekar Elangovan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Using a one-dimensional model for transient heat conduction through building enclosure walls, the present research examines the effects of thermophysical building envelop parameters on transient heat exchange, peak cooling, and heating load for northern part of India. For space cooling and heating applications, the thermal performance of four distinct walling systems commonly employed in the climatic conditions of India was examined. Results demonstrate that when the thermal conductivity of the wall increases, the time lag reduces. As wall thickness rises from 230 mm to 310 mm, there is an increase in the time lag during cooling and heating modes. Additionally, the results show that the time lag between conduction and solar load increases as wall thickness increases. As wall thermal mass increased by 20% in cooling mode, the time of peak load was shifted by 2 h. When operating in cooling mode in contrast to heating mode, high thermal mass is more effective in shifting the time of occurrence of peak energy consumption.
On-Line Prediction of Resistant Force During Soil–Tool Interaction
Authors: Yu Sencheng , Song Xingyong , Sun Zongxuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
For off-road vehicles such as excavators and wheel loaders, a large portion of energy is consumed to overcome the soil resistant force in the digging process. For optimal control of the digging tool, a high-fidelity model of the soil–tool interaction force is important to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, an on-line soil resistant force prediction method is proposed. In this method, a hybrid model, which combines a physical model and a data-driven model, is used for the force prediction. In addition, the parameters of the hybrid model can be updated on-line based on real-time data. Comparisons with experimental data demonstrate that the proposed prediction method has an average error of around 12.7%.
Simulative Quantification of the Supersonic Discharge Process of Cold Gas Airbag Inflators
Authors: Schütte Dennis , Radespiel Rolf 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A simulative method for quantifying the discharge process of cold gas airbag inflators is presented. The pressure, mass flow and the influences of the flow field are relevant to a robust and predictive airbag deployment. Simulations in this regard are compared and validated with experimental data. It turns out that simulated mean pressures inside the inflator deviate by 5–10% from measured data. A complex and highly turbulent flow field with supersonic and subsonic flow emerges. An influential longitudinal vortex forms in the cold gas inflator, leading to a highly dynamic discharge process. This vortex would not be found with the current state-of-the-art methods, such as the simple tank test or analytical models. It is shown that a simple turbulence model such as the k−ω shear stress transport predicts the flow field with sufficient accuracy in comparison with the large eddy simulation. Real gas effects must be taken into account inside the high-pressure reservoir, leading to a faster discharge compared to the ideal gas, due to faster moving expansion waves in the reservoir. Real gas effects outside the high-pressure reservoir seem to be negligible. A simplified simulation model was developed that uses only part of the whole cold gas inflator model and serves as a good practical approach for airbag deployment simulations, with less computational effort. Thus, the method presented here can provide high-quality inflow data for airbag deployment simulations.
Multi-Scale and Multi-Region Pore Structure Analysis on Sandy Conglomerate Whole Core With Digital Rock Model
Authors: Chenchen Wang , Hui Zhao , Guanglong Sheng , Jingwei Huang , Qi Zhang , Yuhui Zhou 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Based on industrial computed tomography (CT), the whole core sandy conglomerate is scanned with a resolution of 0.5 mm/voxel, and the representative debris region and filling region subsample is selected to be scanned with a resolution of 15 µm/voxel using micro-CT. Then, four regions of the whole core sandy conglomerate image are segmented with the multi-threshold segmentation algorithm including macro pore, debris, filling, and gravel regions, while binary segmentation is performed on the debris and filling subsamples to segment the debris pores and filling pores respectively. Finally, the multi-scale and multi-region pore network model of the sandy conglomerate was constructed by the integration method to analyze the different types of pore characteristics. It can be found that the integrated sandy conglomerate model can reflect the structural characteristics of macro pore, debris pore, and filling pore at the same time. Meanwhile, the porosity and permeability of the integrated sandy conglomerate model are calculated and they are basically consistent with that of lab test results, which greatly increase the accuracy of the multi-scale multi-region pore network model.
Experimental Test of the Acoustic Thermometry Method on a Long Track in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Dolgikh G. I. , Morgunov Yu. N. , Bezotvetnykh V. V. , Burenin A. V. , Golov A. A. , Voitenko E. A. , Razhivin V. V. , Tagiltsev A. A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Methodological and technical possibilities of monitoring temperature fields along a 1000-km track in the Sea of Japan using acoustic thermometry are presented. The proposed tomographic method for monitoring the dynamics and structure of waters is based on emission and reception of complex phase-shift keyed signals on a diagnosed path with determination of the propagation time along various ray trajectories with further measurement of the speed of sound and temperature. The physical prerequisites for practical use of thermometric studies at large distances are based on the acoustic “mudslide” effect: the phenomenon of the transition of acoustic energy from the bottom shelf area to an underwater sound signal of the deep ocean. A high-precision system of acoustic thermometry on the basis of tomographic schemes with mobile and stationary hydroacoustic emitters and receiving systems is proposed and tested with the example of the Sea of Japan.
Anomalous Seismic Noises from the December 9, 2020 MW = 5.6 KUDARA Earthquake in the Baikal Basin
Authors: Dobrynina A. A. , Sankov V. A. , Bornyakov S. A. , Korol S. A. , Sankov A. V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Studies have been conducted on the variations of microseismic noise recorded by broadband and short-period seismic stations in the area of South Baikal before and after the large December 9, 2020 Kudara earthquake with Mw = 5.6. Ten days before the earthquake, there was a gradual increase of oscillation amplitudes in the frequency range from 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, with an increasing background observed also during 4 days after the main shock (period from December 1, 2020 to January 12, 2021). The maximum amplitude increase is 19.5 against the background. During this time, there were recorded 48 aftershocks. The analysis of direction of particle motion in seismic waves over the reporting period showed an abrupt change in the orientation of oscillations, which is fully consistent with the azimuth for the main shock epicenter. The analysis of seismograms over the next period (from December 13) did not show similar effects in the microseismic noise field. Apparently, the microseismic noise field reflected the process of slow faulting before the earthquake and after the main shock with subsequent attenuation.
Development and validation of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ)
Authors: Duncan Polly , Murphy Mairead , Man Mei-See , Chaplin Katherine , Gaunt Daisy , Salisbury Chris 
Published: May 2023

Objective
To develop and validate a new scale to assess treatment burden (the effort of looking after one’s health) for patients with multimorbidity.

Design
Mixed-methods.

Setting
UK primary care.

Participants
Content of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) was based on a literature review and views from a patient and public involvement group. Face validity was assessed through cognitive interviews. The scale was piloted and the final version was tested in 1546 adults with multimorbidity (mean age 71 years) who took part in the 3D Study, a cluster randomised controlled trial. For each question, we examined the proportion of missing data and the distribution of responses. Factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman’s rank correlations and longitudinal regression assessed dimensional structure, internal consistency reliability, construct validity and responsiveness, respectively. We assessed interpretability by grouping the global MTBQ scores into zero and tertiles (>0) and comparing participant characteristics across these categories.

Results
Cognitive interviews found good acceptability and content validity. Factor analysis supported a one-factor solution. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83, indicating internal consistency reliability. The MTBQ score had a positive association with a comparator treatment burden scale (rs0.58, P<0.0001) and with self-reported disease burden (rs0.43, P<0.0001), and a negative association with quality of life (rs−0.36, P<0.0001) and self-rated health (rs−0.36, P<0.0001). Female participants, younger participants and participants with mental health conditions were more likely to have high treatment burden scores. Changes in MTBQ score over 9-month follow-up were associated, as expected, with changes in measures of quality of life (EuroQol five dimensions, five level questionnaire) and patient-centred care (Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care).

Conclusion
The MTBQ is a 10-item measure of treatment burden for patients with multimorbidity that has demonstrated good content validity, construct validity, reliability and responsiveness. It is a useful research tool for assessing the impact of interventions on treatment burden.

Trial registration number

NCT06180958.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of fining non-attendance at public hospitals: a randomised controlled trial from Danish outpatient clinics
Authors: Blæhr Emely Ek , Væggemose Ulla , Søgaard Rikke 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
Fines have been proposed as means for reducing non-attendance in healthcare. The empirical evidence of the effect of fines is however limited. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of fining non-attendance at outpatient clinics.

Design, participants and setting
1:1 randomised controlled trial of appointments for an outpatient clinic, posted to Danish addresses, between 1 May 2015 and 30 November 2015. Only first appointment for users was included. Healthcare professionals and investigators were masked.

Intervention
A fine of DKK250 (€34) was issued for non-attendance. Users were informed about the fine in case of non-attendance by the appointment letter, and were able to reschedule or cancel until the appointment. A central administration office administered the fine system.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome measures were non-attendance of non-cancelled appointments, fine policy administration costs, net of productivity consequences and probability of fining non-attendance being cost-effective over no fining for a range of hypothetical values of reduced non-attendance.

Results
All of the 6746 appointments included were analysed. Of the 3333 appointments randomised to the fine policy, 130 (5%) of non-cancelled appointments were unattended, and of the 3413 appointments randomised to no-fine policy, 131 (5%) were unattended. The cost per appointment of non-attendance was estimated at DKK 56 (SE 5) in the fine group and DKK47 (SE 4) in the no-fine group, leading to a non-statistically significant difference of DKK10 (95% CI –9 to 22) per appointment attributable to the fine policy. The probability of cost-effectiveness remained around 50%, irrespective of increased values of reduced non-attendance or various alternative assumptions used for sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
At a baseline level of around 5%, fining non-attendance does not seem to further reduce non-attendance. Future studies should focus on other means for reduction of non-attendance such as nudging or negative reinforcement.

Trial registration number

NCT61925912
Effectiveness of policy and risk targeting for opioid-related risk mitigation: a randomised programme evaluation with stepped-wedge design
Authors: Minegishi Taeko , Garrido Melissa M , Pizer Steven D , Frakt Austin B 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
There is an epidemic of opioid use related to adverse events and deaths in the USA. The rates of chronic pain, mental illness and substance use disorder are higher at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) compared with the general US population. The 2016 Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act requires the VHA to improve opioid therapy strategies in treating patients and to ensure responsible prescribing practices. The Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM) is a web-based dashboard that prioritises review of VHA patients receiving opioids based on their risk. The VHA Partnered Evidence-based Policy Resource Center is coordinating a multiyear evaluation of STORM and aspects of the VHA policy that mandate case review of patients identified by STORM as very high risk.

Methods and analysis
This stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial will test two hypotheses: (1) VHA medical centres randomised to facilitation for not meeting the targeted case review rate will achieve lower opioid-related serious adverse events (SAEs), relative to facilities not randomised to facilitation and (2) Patients whose cases are required to be reviewed will have a lower rate of opioid-related SAEs compared with comparable risk patients whose cases are not required to be reviewed. Patients who receive an opioid prescription at VHA medical centres will be followed for a minimum of 3 months after their first opioid prescription. Follow-up will continue until the last day of the project or death. The data will be analysed using an intention-to-treat approach with patient-month-level Cox proportional hazards models for both interventions.

Ethics and dissemination
Evaluation of the randomised roll-out was approved by the VA Boston Healthcare System Institutional Review Board (IRB) and Research & Development Committees (Protocol # 3069). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national conference meetings.

Trial registration number

NCT16012111
What is usual care for teenagers expecting their first child in England? A process evaluation using key informant mapping and participant survey as part of the Building Blocks randomised controlled trial of specialist home visiting
Authors: Robling Michael , Cannings-John Rebecca , Channon Sue , Hood Kerenza , Moody Gwen , Poole Ria , Sanders Julia 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
We compared the US-derived Family Nurse Partnership (FNP) home visiting programme when added to usually provided health and social care for first-time teenage mothers, to usual care alone. We aimed to: establish the nature of usual care, measure service usage and assess performance bias in core usual care services.

Design
Within trial process evaluation. Local professionals completed a survey mapping local health and social care services in seven domains. This focused on services available to young women, especially those relevant to pregnant teenagers. Descriptive data were assessed thematically to establish the range of services. Quantitative data collection with FNP supervisors enumerated service provision by site. Services identified were included in main participant trial follow-up interviews at four time points to quantify usage. Usage was described descriptively by domain. We explored predictors of health visitor visits.

Setting
18 partnerships of local authority and healthcare organisations in England.

Outcomes
Descriptive framework of services. Rates of service usage reported by trial participants.

Results
161 separate services were identified, with multiple service models in each domain, broadly categorised as universal or specialist (eg, for teenage mothers). FNP supervisors identified 30–63 universal services per site and 22–67 specialist services. Use of core maternity care services was similar across trial arms and with only small differences in use of health visiting services. Participants accessed a wide range of services. Women who had ever been homeless, who had a higher subjectively defined social status, and poorer mental health received more visits from a health visitor.

Conclusions
The large number of services available to teenage mothers in England may limit the incremental benefit achievable through enhanced home visiting. There was little evidence of compensatory practice, such as additional care for women in the usual care arm. Measuring usual care when trialling complex interventions is challenging and essential.

Trial registration number

NCT23019866.
Acupuncture as prophylaxis for chronic migraine: a protocol for a single-blinded, double-dummy randomised controlled trial
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhao Luo-peng , Zhang Claire Shuiqing , Zeng Lin , Wang Kelun , Zhao Jingxia , Wang Linpeng , Jing Xianghong , Li Bin 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Approximately 1.4%–2.2% of the global population suffers from chronic migraine. Acupuncture may serve as an alternative management for chronic migraine, where pharmacological prophylaxis is not suitable. However, the effects of acupuncture as migraine prophylaxis have not been confirmed. This study is designed as a single-blinded, double-dummy randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture compared with topiramate in patients with chronic migraine.

Methods and analysis
A total of 60 participants will be randomly assigned to two different groups. Participants will receive verum acupuncture and placebo medicine in the treatment group, while participants in the control group will be treated with sham acupuncture and real medicine (topiramate). All participants will receive a 12-week treatment and then be followed up for another 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the reduction of monthly headache days, and the secondary outcomes include the reduction of the number of days with acute headache medications, and changes of Migraine Disability Assessment, Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, Headache Impact Test, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait, and Beck Depression Inventory-II scores from baseline to endpoints.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval of this study was granted by the Research Ethical Committee of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University (2017BL-045-01). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Outcomes of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

NCT13563102.
Antiplatelet therapy in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol of a randomised controlled proof-of-concept trial (APPLE COPD-ICON 2)
Authors: Kunadian Vijay , Chan Danny , Ali Hani , Wilkinson Nina , Howe Nicola , McColl Elaine , Thornton Jared , von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Alexander , Holstein Eva-Maria , Burns Graham , Fisher Andrew , Stocken Deborah , De Soyza Anthony 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
The antiplatelet therapy in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (APPLE COPD-ICON2) trial is a prospective 2×2 factorial, double-blinded proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial targeting patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at high risk of cardiovascular disease. The primary goal of this trial is to investigate if treatment with antiplatelet therapy will produce the required response in platelet function measured using the Multiplate test in patients with COPD.

Methods and analysis
Patients with COPD are screened for eligibility using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible patients are randomised and allocated into one of four groups to receive aspirin plus placebo, ticagrelor plus placebo, aspirin plus ticagrelor or placebo only. Markers of systemic inflammation, platelet reactivity, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), lung function and quality of life questionnaires are assessed. The primary outcome consists of inhibition (binary response) of aspirin and ADP-induced platelet function at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in inflammatory markers, CIMT, non-invasive measures of vascular stiffness, quality of life using questionnaires (EuroQol–five dimensions–five levels of perceived problems (EQ5D-5L), St. George’s COPD questionnaire) and to record occurrence of repeat hospitalisation, angina, myocardial infarction or death from baseline to 6 months. Safety outcomes will be rates of major and minor bleeding, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity and Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale.

Ethics and dissemination
The study was approved by the North East-Tyne and Wear South Research Ethics Committee (15/NE/0155). Findings of the study will be presented in scientific sessions and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT43245574.
Endoscopic sphincterotoMy for delayIng choLecystectomy in mild acute biliarY pancreatitis (EMILY study): protocol of a multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Kucserik Levente Pál , Márta Katalin , Vincze Áron , Lázár György , Czakó László , Szentkereszty Zsolt , Papp Mária , Palatka Károly , Izbéki Ferenc , Altorjay Áron , Török Imola , Barbu Sorin , Tantau Marcel , Vereczkei András , Bogár Lajos , Dénes Márton , Németh Imola , Szentesi Andrea , Zádori Noémi , Antal Judit , Lerch Markus M , Neoptolemos John , Sahin-Tóth Miklós , Petersen Ole H , Kelemen Dezső , Hegyi Péter 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
According to the literature, early cholecystectomy is necessary to avoid complications related to gallstones after an initial episode of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). A randomised, controlled multicentre trial (the PONCHO trial) revealed that in the case of gallstone-induced pancreatitis, early cholecystectomy was safe in patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis and reduced the risk of recurrent gallstone-related complications, as compared with interval cholecystectomy. We hypothesise that carrying out a sphincterotomy (ES) allows us to delay cholecystectomy, thus making it logistically easier to perform and potentially increasing the efficacy and safety of the procedure.

Methods/Design
EMILY is a prospective, randomised, controlled multicentre trial. All patients with mild ABP, who underwent ES during the index admission or in the medical history will be informed to take part in EMILY study. The patients will be randomised into two groups: (1) early cholecystectomy (within 6 days after discharge) and (2) patients with delayed (interval) cholecystectomy (between 45 and 60 days after discharge). During a 12-month period, 93 patients will be enrolled from participating clinics. The primary endpoint is a composite endpoint of mortality and recurrent acute biliary events (that is, recurrent ABP, acute cholecystitis, uncomplicated biliary colic and cholangitis). The secondary endpoints are organ failure, biliary leakage, technical difficulty of the cholecystectomy, surgical and other complications.

Ethics and dissemination
The trial has been registered internationallyNCT10667869, and approved by the relevant organisation, the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Hungarian Medical Research Council (EKU/2018/12176–5).

Trial registration number

NCT10667869; Pre-results.