bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a flat conical chamber-based non-dispersive infrared CO2 gas sensor with temperature compensation
Authors: Zhang Jiahong , Lu Chunling , Gu Fang , Liu Qingquan , Wang Mengjuan , Li Dalin , Han Zhu 
Published: May 2023

In order to accurately monitor CO2 concentration based on the non-dispersive infrared technique, a novel flat conical chamber CO2 gas sensor is proposed and investigated by simulation analysis and experimental verification. First, the optical design software and computational fluid dynamics method are utilized to theoretically investigate the relationship between the energy distribution, absorption efficiency of infrared radiation, and chamber size. The simulation results show that the chamber length has an optimal value of 8 cm when the cone angle is 5° and the diameter of the detection surface is 1 cm, which makes infrared absorption efficiency optimal. Then, the flat conical chamber CO2 gas sensor system is developed, calibrated, and tested. The experimental results indicate that the sensor can accurately detect CO2 gas concentrations in the range of 0–2000 ppm at 25 °C. It is found that the absolute error of calibration is within 10 ppm, and the maximum repeatability and stability errors are 5.5 and 3.5%, respectively. Finally, the genetic neural network algorithm is presented to compensate for the output concentration of the sensor to solve the problem of temperature drift. Experimental results demonstrate that the relative error of the compensated CO2 concentration is varied from −0.85 to 2.32%, which is significantly reduced. The study has reference significance for the structural optimization of the infrared CO2 gas sensor and the improvement of the measurement accuracy.
Inkjet printing of pixel arrays: droplet formation and pattern uniformity of a non-aqueous ink with tunable viscosity
Authors: Lee Eun Young , Bail Robert , Chin Byung Doo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inkjet printing is a rapid and material-efficient process that is suitable for the fabrication of large-area microarrays from a range of optoelectronic materials. In order to ensure stable droplet formation and a uniform print image with very smooth surfaces, however, the ink properties such as viscosity and surface tension have to be precisely adjusted. In this study, a non-aqueous ink formulation is proposed whose viscosity can be conveniently adjusted by controlling the mixing ratio of propylene carbonate (PC) as the low-viscosity solvent and propylene glycol (PG) as the high-viscosity solvent. Using a combination of advanced imaging techniques, we show that raising the PG content from 20% to 80% increased the viscosity of the ink from 3.36 cP to 26.70 cP, resulting in stable droplet formation and a more evenly printed image. At a spacing of 5 dots/pixel, the roughness value decreased dramatically, from root mean square (RMS): 11.28 (20% PG) to RMS: 0.09 (80% PG). Alternatively, more homogeneous patterns (albeit with a rough surface) were also produced with the low-viscosity ink (20% PG) when a conditioned substrate with low surface energy and selective liquid repellency was used. With this we present a simple but effective strategy to improve droplet formation while obtaining highly uniform pixel arrays. The knowledge gained will be particularly useful for inkjet printing of pixel-patterned color conversion layers in devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and micro-LED displays.
Computational approach for plasma process optimization combined with deep learning model
Authors: Ko Jungmin , Bae Jinkyu , Park Minho , Jo Younghyun , Lee Hyunjae , Kim Kyunghyun , Yoo Suyoung , Nam Sang Ki , Sung Dougyong , Kim Byungjo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As semiconductor device structures become more complex and sophisticated, the formation of finer and deeper patterns is required. To achieve a higher yield for mass production as the number of process steps increases and process variables become more diverse, process optimization requires extensive engineering effort to meet the target process requirements, such as uniformity. In this study, we propose an efficient process design framework that can efficiently search for optimal process conditions by combining deep learning (DL) with plasma simulations. To establish the DL model, a dataset was created using a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid plasma equipment model code for an argon inductively coupled plasma system under a given process window. The DL model was implemented and trained using the dataset to learn the functional relationship between the process conditions and their consequential plasma states, which was characterized by 2D field data. The performance of the DL model was confirmed by comparison of the output with the ground truth, validating its high consistency. Moreover, the DL results provide a reasonable interpretation of the fundamental features of plasmas and show a good correlation with the experimental observations in terms of the measured etch rate characteristics. Using the designed DL, an extensive exploration of process variables was conducted to find the optimal processing condition using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm for the given objective functions of high etch rate and its uniform distribution. The obtained optimal candidates were evaluated and compared to other process conditions experimentally, demonstrating a fairly enhanced etch rate and uniformity at the same time. The proposed computational framework substantially reduced trial-and-error repetitions in tailoring process conditions from a practical perspective. Moreover, it will serve as an effective tool to narrow the processing window, particularly in the early stages of development for advanced equipment and processes.
Ginzburg–Landau surface energy of multiband superconductors: derivation and application to selected systems
Authors: Bekaert Jonas , Bringmans Levie , Milošević Milorad V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We determine the energy of an interface between a multiband superconducting and a normal half-space, in presence of an applied magnetic field, based on a multiband Ginzburg–Landau (GL) approach. We obtain that the multiband surface energy is fully determined by the critical temperature, electronic densities of states, and superconducting gap functions associated with the different band condensates. This furthermore yields an expression for the thermodynamic critical magnetic field, in presence of an arbitrary number of contributing bands. Subsequently, we investigate the sign of the surface energy as a function of material parameters, through numerical solution of the GL equations. Here, we consider two distinct cases: (i) standard multiband superconductors with attractive interactions, and (ii) a three-band superconductor with a chiral ground state with phase frustration, arising from repulsive interband interactions. Furthermore, we apply this approach to several prime examples of multiband superconductors, such as metallic hydrogen and MgB2, based on microscopic parameters obtained from first-principles calculations.
Multi-susceptible single-phased hexaferrite with significant magnetic switching properties by selectively doping
Authors: Ateia Ebtesam E , Rabie Obaida , Mohamed Amira T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An effective combustion technique is used to synthesize Sr0.8La0.2Fe12-xCuxO19 (x = 0,1) M-type strontium hexagonal ferrite nanoparticles (SHFNPs). The impact of La and La-Cu substitution on the structural, microstructural, and magnetic characteristics of SHFNPs is scrutinized. The samples are characterized using several experimental techniques, such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The obtained results reveal that the single lattice structure of the substituted strontium hexaferrite can be acquired by transforming Fe3+ to Fe2+ on the 2a site. Raman spectroscopy (RS) verifies the formation of all crystallographic sites of hexaferrite. The broadening of 4f2 and 12k peaks indicates the presence of disorder at the crystal sites resulting from the change in the chemical environment after doping with Cu2+ ions. FESEM images reveal flat hexagonal facets of the particle that signify the magneto-plumbite structure. The magnetic results provide high values of both intrinsic coercivity and (BH)max. The obtained data constitute good magnetic characteristics for perpetual magnet applications. Furthermore, the reduced coercivity of the Sr0.8La0.2Fe11CuO19 (SLCHF) sample with high magnetizations can be used to create microwave absorbing and data storage materials.
The dynamics of domain wall strings
Authors: Blanco-Pillado Jose J. , Jiménez-Aguilar Daniel , Queiruga Jose M. , Urrestilla Jon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the dynamics of domain wall solitons in (2+1)d field theories. These objects
are extended along one of the spatial directions, so they also behave as strings; hence the name
of domain wall strings. We show analytically and numerically that the amount of radiation from the
propagation of wiggles on these objects is negligible except for regions of high
curvature. Therefore, at low curvatures, the domain wall strings behave exactly as the Nambu-Goto
action predicts. We show this explicitly with the use of several different numerical experiments
of the evolution of these objects in a lattice. We then explore their dynamics in the presence of
internal mode excitations. We do this again by performing field theory simulations and identify an
effective action that captures the relevant interactions between the different degrees of freedom
living on the string. We uncover a new parametric resonance instability that transfers energy from
the internal mode to the position of the domain wall. We show that this instability accelerates
the radiation of the internal mode energy. We also explore the possibility of exciting the
internal mode of the soliton with the collision of wiggles on the domain wall. Our numerical
experiments indicate that this does not happen unless the wiggles have already a wavelength of the
order of the string thickness. Finally, we comment on the possible relevance of our findings to
cosmological networks of defects. We argue that our results cast some doubts on the significance
of the internal modes in cosmological applications beyond a brief transient period right after
their formation. This, however, should be further investigated using cosmological simulations of
our model.
Photons from dark photon solitons via parametric resonance
Authors: Amin Mustafa A. , Long Andrew J. , Schiappacasse Enrico D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Wave-like dark matter made of spin-1 particles (dark photons) is expected to form ground
state clumps called “vector solitons”, which can have different polarizations. In this work, we
consider the interaction of dark photons with photons, expressed as dimension-6 operators, and
study the electromagnetic radiation that arises from an isolated vector soliton due to parametric
resonant amplification of the ambient electromagnetic field. We characterize the directional
dependence and polarization of the outgoing radiation, which depends on the operator as well as
the polarization state of the underlying vector soliton. We discuss the implications of this
radiation for the stability of solitons and as a possible channel for detecting mergers of vector
solitons through astrophysical observations.
Oscillating cosmic evolution and
constraints on big bang nucleosynthesis
in the extended Starobinsky model
Authors: Park Jubin , Yun Chae-min , Cheoun Myung-Ki , Jang Dukjae 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigate the cosmic evolutions in the extended Starobinsky model (eSM) obtained by
adding one RabRab
term to the Starobinsky model. We discuss the possibility of various
cosmic evolutions with a special focus on the radiation-dominated era (RDE). Using simple
assumptions, a second-order non-linear differential equation describing the various cosmic
evolutions in the eSM is introduced. By solving this non-linear equation numerically, we show
that the various cosmic evolutions, such as the standard cosmic evolution (a ∝ t
1/2)
and a unique oscillating cosmic evolution, are feasible due to the effects of higher-order terms
introduced beyond Einstein's gravity. Furthermore, we consider big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN),
which is the most important observational result in the RDE, to constrain the free parameters of
the eSM. The primordial abundances of the light elements, such as 4He, D, 3He,
7Li, and 6Li by the cosmic evolutions are compared with the most recent observational
data. It turns out that most non-standard cosmic evolutions can not easily satisfy these BBN
constraints, but a free parameter of the viable models with the oscillating cosmic evolution is
shown to have an upper limit by the constraints. In particular, we find that the free parameter is
most sensitive to deuterium and 4He abundances, which are being precisely measured among other
elements. Therefore, more accurate measurements in the near future may enable us to distinguish
the eSM from the standard model as well as other models.
Efficient Fe:CdTe laser with an output energy of 350 mJ at room temperature
Authors: Antonov V A , Firsov K N , Gavrishchuk E M , Ikonnikov V B , Kononov I G , Kurashkin S V , Podlesnykh S V , Savin D V , Zhavoronkov N V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The record value of the output energy of Fe:CdTe laser, as well as the slope and total efficiency in terms of absorbed energy of 350 mJ, 57% and 42%, respectively, were obtained at the room temperature of the active element. An Fe:CdTe single crystal was pumped by a nonchain electric discharge deuterium fluoride laser operated in the spectral range of 3.6–4.06 μm. The pump pulse full duration at half maximum was 220 ns. The output energy of the Fe:CdTe laser was limited by the development of transverse parasitic oscillations for pump spot diameters on the crystal surface of more than 11 mm. A laser with a non-selective cavity generated in the ranges of 5.5–6.0 μm and 5.3–5.5 μm at the output mirror reflectances of 53% and 21%, respectively.
A practical protocol to emulate a reactor scenario on present machines, with application to the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak via predictive modeling
Authors: Fable E. , David P. , Kudlacek O. , Hopf C. , Sieglin B. , Stober J. , Treutterer W. , Weiland M. , Wu C. , Zohm H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, a novel practical strategy to emulate a reactor scenario on present tokamak experiments is presented. A recipe how to scale several relevant parameters from a hypothetical reactor scenario down to present devices is discussed. Equivalence between the energy flux channels is detailed, and the practical actuation scheme is presented. The application of the proposed protocol on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak is shown foremost using the virtual flight simulator Fenix, with practical experiments planned for future campaigns.
Revealing magnetic correlations in ferromagnetic alloys with polarized SANS
Authors: Adawi Hind , Bhattarai Shiva , Lussier Jean-Guy , Krycka Kathryn , Schroeder Almut 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We search for magnetic correlations at the nanoscale in a ferromagnetic alloy with low critical temperature Tc
and reduced magnetic moments. We present a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of the binary alloy Ni0.89 V0.11 close to the quantum critical point where the ferromagnetic order is destroyed towards a paramagnetic phase by sufficient V concentration. We demonstrate the challenge and the advantage of a fully polarized SANS analysis to discriminate the small magnetic components from the dominant nuclear contributions. We focus on the azimuthal angle dependence of selected cross sections, like pure spin-flip and non spin-flip asymmetry, to finally reveal magnetic contributions at different length scales.
Neutron polarization analysis of the anisotropic spin wave excitations in multiferroic BiFeO3
Authors: Matsuda Masaaki , Dissanayake Sachith , Ito Toshimitsu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A multiferroic material BiFeO3 shows a cycloidal spin structure below 640 K. Anisotropy of the magnetic excitations below 6 meV was previously studied using neutron polarization analysis (Zhang et al. 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 144426). The magnetic excitations in and out of the cycloidal plane were separated and compared to those calculated based on the linear spin-wave theory. The overall feature of the observed excitations was found to be consistent with those calculated. Further polarized neutron study with extended energy range has been performed. The anisotropy of the magnetic excitations is present at least up to 15 meV. The out-of-plane mode is constantly more intense by ∼50% than the in-plane mode in the energy range between 3 and 15 meV. The anisotropic excitations in the wide energy range are unexpected since multiple in-plane and out-of-plane modes are mixed at higher energies and the excitations are expected to become more isotropic.
Micro in situ
3He Polarizer for Dimensional Extreme Magnetic Neutron Diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor
Authors: Jiang Chenyang , McDonald Landen , Cao Huibo , Balafas Matthew , Crow Lowell , Kroll Emily 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A new micro in situ polarized 3He neutron spin filter has been custom built for use as a neutron polarizer on the Dimensional Extreme Magnetic Neutron Diffractometer (DEMAND) at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). The 3He is polarized via spin-exchange optical pumping with a high-power fiber-coupled laser. The 3He neutron spin filter polarizer is designed to be compact in size with the length along the neutron beam only 30 cm because of the limited space available on the beamline. The polarizer is used for the shorter wavelength neutrons (1.005 Å and 1.546 Å) at DEMAND. A 3 bar 3He cell was filled to provide enough opacity so that good neutron polarization can be attained. At DEMAND the polarizer is mounted on an Automated Polarizer Changeover system (APCS) enabling quick switching between polarized and unpolarized neutron diffraction.
A Polarization Tensor for Neutron Optics
Authors: Tosado Jacob 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA rank 2 dimension 3 tensor formulation for polarized neutron transport in a magnetic field is derived. Using this formulation, the rotating magnetic field problem is revisited to produce a single 3 × 3 vector-transformation matrix that describes the polarization transport. That result is then used to fashion a new strategy for a numerical approximation of polarization transport in an arbitrary magnetic field using time-dependent perturbation theory.
Uncertainty analysis of future summer monsoon duration and area over East Asia using a multi-GCM/multi-RCM ensemble
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Min Seung-Ki , Ahn Joong-Bae , Cha Dong-Hyun , Shin Seok-Woo , Chang Eun-Chul , Suh Myoung-Seok , Byun Young-Hwa , Kim Jin-Uk 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of the summer monsoon rainy season over East Asia using six regional climate models (RCMs) participating in the Coordinated Regional Domain Experiment (CORDEX) East Asia Phase II project. The framework combining multiple global climate models (GCMs) with multiple RCMs produces a larger spread in summer monsoon characteristics than driving GCMs only, enabling a better quantification of uncertainty factors. On average, the RCM simulations reproduce the observed summer monsoon duration and area better than the corresponding boundary GCMs, implying the added values of downscaling. Both the area and duration of the East Asian summer monsoon are projected to increase by the late 21st century, more strongly in high emission scenarios than in low emission scenarios, particularly in China. Different responses between scenarios, which indicate warming mitigation benefits, only become significant in the late 21st century due to large intersimulation uncertainties. Analysis of variance results show that uncertainty in future monsoon area and duration is larger between boundary GCMs than between RCMs over East Asia and its coastal subregions. A strong intersimulation relationship between RCMs and GCMs supports that boundary GCMs substantially diversify downscaled RCM projections through different climate sensitivities. Furthermore, the distinct subregional responses in future monsoon area and duration emphasize the importance of fine-resolution projections with appropriate uncertainty measures for better preparing region-specific adaptation plans.
Analysis of outlet temperature of parabolic trough collector solar water heater using machine learning techniques
Authors: Mohana N , Karunamurthy K , Suresh Isravel R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The green sources of energy are ocean, hydro, solar, tidal, wave, wind, biomass, etc. Among all these wind, solar and hydro are mainly used. Particularly, solar energy has various applications such as atmospheric energy balance studies, solar energy collecting systems, analysis of the thermal load on buildings, etc. Parabolic trough collector (PTC) based solar water heater (SWH) gains a significant role in water heating systems. Parabolic trough collector is a concentrating type collector which collects the solar radiation in copper tube placed in the focal point of the parabolic trough. It also generates a high temperature which is suitable for steam generation. The main goal of this paper is to predict the outlet temperature of parabolic trough collector solar water heater with time and temperature for different days using various machine learning techniques.
Corrosion behavior of Mg-1Sn anode for primary Magnesium batteries
Authors: Leo Francis A , Karudesh E , Surya R , Shivani S , Sreekanth D , Radha R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mg alloys are promising materials for a variety of applications such as automobile, aerospace biomedical and energy storage, etc. Mg-1Sn alloys can be used as the anode for battery application. The corrosion characteristics of Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloy are analyzed by electrochemical tests like Galvanostatic Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Tafel slope. Mg-x Sn (1 wt. %) alloys as an anode is newly fabricated using stir and squeeze cast technique for the research. This study analyzed and compared the corrosion behavior of Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloys in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution with different immersion periods. An immersion test of Mg-Sn alloy was performed to access the corrosion rate by immersing the samples in NaCl Solution for the short duration of 60 minutes [ST] and 24 hours. Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloy immersed for 24 hours in NaCl solution showed the better electrochemical performance compared to the sample immersed for 60 minutes (Rp[24 h] > Rp[ST], Icorr[24 h] < Icorr[ST], CR[24h] < CR[ST]). The improvement in the corrosion properties of Mg1Sn alloy under 24h of immersion is attributed to the formation of a protective oxide layer, thereby suppressing the transfer of chloride ions from the electrolyte solution.