bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Literacy as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Position and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living in France
Authors: Ousseine Youssoufa M. , Allaire Cécile , Ringa Virginie , Lydie Nathalie , Velter Annie 
Published: March 2023

Background:
In recent decades, several research studies have mentioned a potential mediating effect of health literacy (HL) on the relationship between socioeconomic position and health prevention behaviors. However, no study to date has investigated this hypothesis on HIV prevention behaviors.

Objective:
The present study aimed to evaluate whether HL mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake in men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods:
The study is based on data collected in the Enquête Rapport au Sexe [report to sex] 2019 survey, an anonymous, self-administered online cross-sectional survey in France conducted between February 16, 2019 and March 31, 2019. Data on education level and perceived financial situation were used as measures of SES, whereas HL was assessed from the Health Literacy Questionnaire's “ability to actively engage with health care providers” scale. Mediation analyses were performed with a model-based causal moderated mediation analysis package in R software. Analyses were adjusted for age, place of residence, marital status, and social support.

Key Results:
The study sample included 13,629 MSM. Median age was 32 years. The majority had an education level higher than upper secondary school (78%) and an adequate HL level (73%). Almost two-thirds perceived their financial situation as comfortable (62%). Overall, PrEP uptake was low (9.5%). The analyses did not show a mediating effect of HL on the relationship between education and PrEP uptake. However, a total mediation effect of HL was observed on the relationship between perceived financial situation and uptake.

Conclusions:

In the context of PrEP uptake, MSM ability to actively engage with health care providers may offset the effect of a difficult financial situation. In the current French context, where PrEP is now also available in general practitioner settings, this result could inform the development of training and support policies for health professionals and the way in which sexual health issues are addressed in consultations. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2023;7(1):e61–e70.

]
Structuration spatiale des nouvelles formes de distribution pour la transition des systèmes alimentaires. Le cas de la province de Liège, Belgique
Authors: Vonthron Simon , Devillet Guénaël 
Published: March 2023

Les innovations agri-alimentaires peuvent contribuer à la transition écologique. Pourtant, la dimension spatiale de leur développement reste peu abordée dans la littérature sur les transitions, et les initiatives marchandes qui lui sont associées sont ignorées des travaux sur les environnements alimentaires. Cet article vise à caractériser la diversité des initiatives existantes ainsi qu’à identifier de potentielles inégalités d’accès à ces circuits de distribution à partir d’une étude de 214 initiatives de commercialisation de produits alimentaires locaux dans la province de Liège en Belgique. Les données ont été collectées entre janvier 2018 et mai 2021 par enquête téléphonique. Nous avons établi une typologie des initiatives au moyen d’une analyse factorielle multiple suivie d’une classification ascendante hiérarchique, puis caractérisé les profil d’initiatives et l’environnement commercial et sociodémographique dans lequel sont implantés les points de vente associés. Trois profils d’initiatives ont été identifiés : (i) un réseau de points de dépôts portés par des collectifs citoyens et associatifs, (ii) des commerçants combinant approvisionnements en circuits longs et courts et (iii) des agriculteurs et artisans en vente directe qui mutualisent leurs ventes. Les points de vente des différents profils d’initiatives se caractérisent par des environnements sociodémographiques et commerciaux différents, soulignant leur complémentarité. Nous avons mis à jour une différenciation socio-spatiale dans l’accessibilité physique aux points de vente d’initiative de commercialisation de produits alimentaires locaux qui interroge quant à la dimension inclusive de la transition écologique.
Éducation pour un avenir viable et formation pratique en enseignement : Vers un écodispositif d’intégration
Authors: Gilbert Marie-Claude , Boutet Marc 
Published: March 2023

L’intégration d’une éducation citoyenne pour un avenir viable en formation initiale à l’enseignement (FIE) est réclamée depuis plusieurs décennies. Si l’importance de celle-ci fait désormais consensus au sein des facultés d’éducation au Canada, sa mise en œuvre demeure à instaurer. Cette recherche collaborative menée auprès de personnes ayant une expérience spécifique en éducation pour un avenir viable (EAV) et de personnes jouant des rôles significatifs en formation pratique apporte des précisions au sujet de l’intégration de l’EAV en FIE : connaissances, savoir-faire, savoir-être, caractéristiques de l’accompagnement, approches, contextes propices. Elle ouvre des voies vers la proposition d’un (éco)dispositif de formation initiale en contexte de stages permettant de faire face aux défis de l’intégration de l’EAV à la pratique du futur personnel enseignant.
Where is God when it hurts? Theodicy from the pain of COVID-19
Authors: Resane Kelebogile T. 
Published: March 2023

This article attempts to answer the question of God’s compassion during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many people are asking questions about God’s care and love amid situations where they could not mourn the loss of the loved ones and find closure. African philosophy of death, mourning rituals and funeral ceremonies were curtailed or restricted by the government and therefore, mourners were left with wounds because they could not find closure for the loss of their loved ones. The aim is to point out that people are still mourning, as lockdown restrictions limited them from going through a grieving process, and that people, left with post-corona effects, are still asking the reality of God’s presence during times filled with pain. The interdisciplinary approach to the reality of situation, press releases and literature review are all combined to locate theodicy during the periods of pain. It is discovered that many who did not mourn and grieve culturally and religiously are still struggling emotionally, psychologically and spiritually. Bereavement processes that were muzzled, can still be addressed theologically. Theodicy, as a theological concept, is utilised as a tool to strengthen faith and hope. Hope remains an anchor that keeps humanity floating above the circumstances. Eschatological hope remains the pillar when COVID-19 is deemed as a contradiction to the goodness of God. The conclusion is that, although the character of God such as love, kindness, empathy et cetera, is questioned, the reassuring message remains that God continues to comfort, guide and heal despite crises facing humanity. Humanity still needs post-grief healing and closure in order to reimagine and reassert normality of life.Contribution: The author aims to highlight the importance of healing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and how to answer the question of theodicy during the crises. How does one reconcile the goodness of God and the devastation of a pandemic during and after sufferings the world has experienced when one’s socio-cultural structures are challenged?
Sodium restriction and insulin resistance: A review of 23 clinical trials
Authors: DiNicolantonio James J. , O'Keefe James H. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Many clinicians recommend low-salt diets for lowering blood pressure but there may be unintended consequences such as worsening insulin resistance.Aim: This paper aimed to find human clinical studies looking at low-salt diets on markers of glucose and insulin.Methods: We reviewed PubMed using the search terms ‘sodium’, ‘insulin’ and ‘insulin resistance’ and found 23 human clinical studies testing low-salt diets showing negative harms on insulin or glucose.Results: Twenty-three human clinical trials have shown that low-salt diets lead to systemic or vascular insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, elevated fasting insulin and/or elevations in glucose and/or insulin levels after an oral glucose tolerance test.Conclusion: We discovered 23 human clinical studies showing that low-salt diets worsen markers of insulin and glucose. Caution is advised when recommending salt restriction for blood pressure control as this may lead to worsening insulin resistance.Contribution: This review has revealed that low salt diets can induce insulin resistance.
Screening for Mental Health Disorders among Adults Using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire: A Community-based Study
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Goel Naveen Krishan , Sidana Ajeet Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Screening the adult population for mental disorders is essential for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. The current study aimed to assess adults’ prevalence and predictors of mental health disorders.

Methodology:
This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 1056 adults. After obtaining their written informed consent, trained workers administered the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Epi Info software for Windows.

Results:
Out of 1056 study participants, 121 (11.5%) suffered from any mental health disorder. The most common mental health disorder was depression (5.1%), followed by anxiety (4.6%), somatoform disorder (2.8%), probable alcohol abuse (1.8%), and panic disorder (1.5%). In the logistic regression model, the odds of suffering from any mental health disorder were significantly higher among those having a chronic disease (odds ratio [OR] =1.8 [1.1–2.9]) and currently consuming tobacco (OR = 2.0 [1.2–3.3]), as compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion:
Around one-tenth of the study population suffered from any mental health disorder, the most common being depression. It is imperative that the general population be made aware of the signs and symptoms of mental health problems. Patients should be encouraged to seek early treatment for their mental health problems.
Prevalence of low vision and barriers to uptake of low vision services in an adult population of Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Okwudishu Izuka A. , Ugalahi Mary O. , Olusanya Bolutife A. , Bekibele Charles O. 
Published: March 2023

Aim:
To determine the prevalence of functional low vision and barriers to uptake of low vision services in Oluyole Local Government Area, Oyo State with a view to obtaining data for proper planning of low vision services.

Methods:
A population-based cross-sectional study. Multistage random sampling technique with probability proportion to size was used to select respondents from the L.G.A. The study involved the administration of questionnaires to elicit basic demographic data, ocular history, and barriers to uptake of low vision services as well as ocular examination to determine the causes of low vision.

Results:
A total of 419 respondents participated in the study, 303 were females with male-to-female ratio of 1:2.6 and a mean age of 49.38 (± 13.17) years. Fourteen (3.3%) respondents were found to have functional low vision. The main causes of functional low vision were glaucoma (32%) and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) (16%). Functional low vision was strongly associated with older age (p = 0.019) and the main barriers to utilization of low vision services were lack of awareness of the services and financial constraints.

Conclusion:
A significant burden of functional low vision was found in Oluyole Local Government Area of Oyo State. There is need for regular community-based surveys in other parts of the country to aid proper planning of low vision services in the host communities and the country as a whole. Also, more awareness needs to be created about common ocular diseases and facilities for appropriate treatment of these diseases.
Economic burden of glaucoma in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Shahir Umar , Eze Ugochukwu A , Umar Murtala M , Abdull Mohammed , Babalola OE 
Published: March 2023

Aim:
To estimate the direct health care cost of glaucoma in patients attending glaucoma clinic at National Eye Centre, Kaduna.

Methods:
The study was a hospital-based observational, cross-sectional study of 150 consecutive glaucoma patients on follow-up visits to the glaucoma clinic from November, 2017 to January, 2018. The study was conducted using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The study investigated the patients’ monthly income, the method of funding glaucoma treatment, and cost of treatment of glaucoma. Data obtained were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24 with level of significance set at 95% confidence interval.

Results:
There were a total of 150 patients who participated in the study, with a male-to-female ratio of M:F ratio is 1.2:1. Majority of respondents (65%) in the study were below the age of 60 years with a mean age of 55.36 (SD+/−13.7). The average monthly income of respondents was NGN 4,600 for unskilled workers, NGN 28,812 for skilled workers, and NGN 97,111 for professionals. The mean monthly direct health cost was NGN 9,954 and majority (91.7%) of the patients fund their treatment out of pocket. Only 14 (9.3%) patients were subscribers of the National Health Insurance Scheme. None among the unskilled and unemployed respondents had monthly direct costs below their average monthly income. The insured patients spent an average of 1.5% and 4.5%, respectively of their total monthly income on antiglaucoma medication and glaucoma surgery unlike the uninsured group who have spent 10.1% and 10.5%, respectively on medications and surgery.

Conclusion:
Data from this study have shown that up to one-tenth of the monthly income can be spent on glaucoma care alone. Health policy makers should consider making glaucoma a priority disease to ensure that patients on treatment have affordable, equitable, and of good quality in order to prevent consequent glaucoma-related blindness.
Retrospective analysis of low vision assistive products – A 6-year review
Authors: Gurnani Bharat , Kaur Kirandeep , Sivakumar Priya , Bhandari Sahil 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to analyze the demographics, visual acuity (VA), etiologies, recommended low vision assistive products (LVAP), and the acceptance rates of LVAP in various age groups.

METHODS:
This was a long-term retrospective review of all the patients presenting to the low vision clinic of our tertiary eye care hospital from January 2011 to December 2016. Data obtained included age, gender, VA, visual fields, ocular pathology causing the low vision, and types of LVAP advised. The primary outcome was to analyze the type of LVAP prescribed in different age groups, and the secondary outcome was the acceptance rate of LVAP.

RESULTS:
We analyzed the results of 8309 patients, out of which 2844 (34%. 2) were <15 years of age, 2425 (29.5%) were between 16-40 years, and 3013 (36.3%) were above 40 years. A total of 5522 (66.4%) had best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranging from 6/18-3/60, and 2796 (33.6%) had BCVA from 3/60-No PL. Approximately 38% improved with LVAPs. The most common etiology was retinitis pigmentosa in 1545 (18.6%) patients, followed by congenital nystagmus in 1482 (17.8%), and the least was albinism 383 (4.6%). Maximum prescribed and accepted LVAP were hand and stand magnifiers among 1017 (44.3%) and 512 (52.6%) patients, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Products that are easy to use, require lesser adaptability, are cheap, and require lower maintenance have maximum acceptance rates. We suggest that great emphasis should be laid on training, education, and guidance for low vision rehabilitation centers.
Comparison of central corneal thickness in corneal edema by ultrasound pachymetry, specular microscopy, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Artuç Tuncay , Batur Muhammed 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to compare ultrasound pachymetry Ultrasound pachymetry (UP), specular microscopy (SM), and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) in the measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT) in cases of corneal edema before and after uncomplicated phacoemulsification.

METHODS:
Preoperative pachymetric measurements were performed in all patients before cataract surgery. Sixty -seven patients who developed corneal edema after routine faoemulsification surgery were included in the study. CCT measurements were made the day before surgery and on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days after surgery. Correlation and agreement between the devices were quantified with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), limits of agreement, and Bland–Altman plots.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the patients was 70.99 ± 9.56 (36–92) years. While CCT could be measured in all eyes with ASOCT after surgery, the number of eyes measured with UP and SM were 24 (11.7%) and 27 (16.1%), 55 (82.1%) and 52 (77.6%), and 46 (88.8%) and 45 (86.9%) on postoperative days 1, 7, and 14, respectively. ICC values between UP and SM, UP and ASOCT, and SM and ASOCT, respectively, were: preoperative 0.91, 0.94, and 0.92; 1st postoperative day 0.93, 0.86, and 0.93; 7th postoperative day 0.94, 0.85, and 0.96; and 14th postoperative day 0.95, 0.92, and 0.96.

CONCLUSION:
In all eyes with corneal edema, CCT measurements can be taken with ASOCT; however, in some cases, CCT measurements with SM and UP cannot be taken. However, there is a good correlation between measurements taken with these devices.
Stereopsis following delayed strabismus surgery in early-onset strabismus
Authors: Chinmayee J. T. , Kshama K. , Eswaran Vidhya 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:
Improved stereoacuity following delayed strabismus surgery is associated with long-term alignment of eyes and reduced severity of amblyopia. The objective of this study is to evaluate stereopsis following delayed strabismus surgery in early-onset strabismus.

METHODS:
It is a hospital-based prospective, nonrandomized, interventional case study. Thirty patients with early-onset strabismus (before 3 years of age), presenting after 6 years of age were included. History taking and full orthoptic workup was done. Stereopsis was tested with Titmus Fly Chart test. The patients were treated surgically to correct strabismus and were followed up for 3 months. Quantitative parameters were compared between preoperative and postoperative follow-up at 3 months using McNemar test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test.

RESULTS:
Of the 21 patients who had gross stereopsis preoperatively, nine of them (42.86%) attained fine stereopsis at 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.003, McNemar test). Ten (33.33%) of 30 patients had amblyopia and three out of 30 patients (10%) had preoperative “nil” stereopsis. Of the patients who showed improvement (16 of 30 patients – 53.33%), most of the improvement was observed in (a) exodeviations (56.25%, n = 9), (b) earlier age of presentation-before 10 years of age (47.36%, n = 9).

CONCLUSION:
The benefits of surgical correction of early-onset strabismus include improvement in stereopsis. Therefore, even in an early-onset squint with a delayed presentation rehabilitation of stereopsis should be the goal of treatment.
Las medidas jurídicas ante la discriminación de remuneración entre mujeres y hombres: un análisis de Derecho comparado
Authors: Rojas Miño Irene 
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo presenta un análisis de Derecho comparado que pretende identificar los instrumentos jurídicos que han sido establecidos y aplicados en otros sistemas a fin de superar la discriminación remunerativa, a fin de, posteriormente, evaluar su incorporación en el sistema chileno. Al efecto, fueron seleccionados los de la Provincia de Quebec, Suecia y España, se identificaron los respectivos instrumentos y se analizó su funcionamiento tanto en el sistema jurídico como en el de relaciones laborales. Este estudio permitió identificar las medidas activas y de transparencia remunerativa que se establecen por parte de cada empresa, junto con la participación de los representantes de los trabajadores para su implementación. Sin embargo, este último elemento plantea carencias en el sistema chileno, dada la debilidad de su estructura sindical, por lo que la incorporación de tales medidas plantearía grandes desafíos
Invariant Gibbs measures for the three-dimensional wave equation with a Hartree nonlinearity II: Dynamics
Authors: Bringmann Bjoern 
Published: March 2023

In this two-paper series, we prove the invariance of the Gibbs measure for a threedimensional wave equation with a Hartree nonlinearity. The novelty lies in the singularity of the Gibbs measure with respect to the Gaussian free field.
In this paper, we focus on the dynamical aspects of our main result. The local theory is based on a paracontrolled approach, which combines ingredients from dispersive equations, harmonic analysis, and random matrix theory. The main contribution, however, lies in the global theory. We develop a new globalization argument, which addresses the singularity of the Gibbs measure and its consequences.
La edad de oro: Nanomateriales Metálicos Teragnósticos Emergentes
Authors: Almada Mario , Ibarra Hurtado Jaime , Juarez Josue , Encinas-Basurto David 
Published: March 2023

A pesar de los grandes avances de las ciencias médicas, el cáncer sigue siendo un importante problema de salud. Dado que la mayoría de los protocolos de tratamiento del cáncer incluyen agentes quimioterapéuticos de primera generación, los efectos secundarios y la resistencia a los medicamentos siguen siendo un problema preocupante. Por lo tanto, se necesita más que nunca una solución específica y selectiva para la quimioterapia estándar. Las nanopartículas de oro (GNP) tienen un tamaño y unas propiedades de superficie notables que las convierten en el vehículo ideal para la administración dirigida y selectiva de fármacos. Diferentes experimentos in vitro e in vivo demostraron que estas partículas pueden diseñarse fácilmente de tal manera que el fármaco químico pueda administrarse directamente en el sitio del tumor. Además, las propiedades ópticas de estas partículas pueden utilizarse para potenciar la acción del fármaco. Sin embargo, se deben realizar más estudios para dilucidar todos los problemas de toxicidad y adquirir conocimientos adicionales sobre los efectos en la salud a largo plazo y la interacción con todos los mecanismos fisiológicos del cuerpo humano.
The Power of Passionate Teaching and Learning: A Study of Impacts on Social Science Teacher Retention and Student Outcomes
Authors: Levitt Greg , Grubaugh Steven , Maderick Joseph , Deever Donald 
Published: March 2023

Social science teachers play a crucial role in shaping students' understanding of the world and their place within it. They not only impart knowledge but also help students develop critical thinking skills, empathy, and a sense of civic responsibility. Passionate teaching and learning are critical elements of effective education. This paper examines the impact of passionate teaching on teacher retention and wellness, as well as student learning, achievement, and well-being. Passionate teachers are defined by their enthusiasm, engagement, creativity, commitment, and flexibility, and have a positive impact on student motivation and engagement. On the other hand, passionate learners exhibit persistence, creativity, and autonomy in their learning journey. The paper also discusses strategies for increasing teacher passion for teaching, including professional development and a supportive school culture, and fostering student passion for learning, including a positive and engaging learning environment and opportunities for autonomy. The results of this study suggest that enhancing both teacher and student passion has a positive impact on teacher retention, teacher well-being, student achievement, and student well-being.