bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of the Farmers towards Activities of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), in Ranchi District of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Toppo Priya Ankita , Bose Dipak Kumar 
Published: July 2023

The study was conducted in the district of Ranchi to determine the Awareness of respondents towards activities of RKVY on both its beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. 4 villages under Tamar block were chosen randomly, and a total of 120 respondents (60 beneficiaries and 60 non-beneficiaries) were selected randomly for the study. Data was collected using a pre-structured interview schedule through personnel interviews, and the results were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The study found that middle-aged individuals were the largest group among both beneficiaries (71.60%) and non-beneficiaries (46.60%). The majority of respondents had medium landholdings, with (41.60%) being beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries (36.60%) having marginal landholdings. Medium-income individuals were the largest group among beneficiaries (43.30%) and among non- beneficiaries (48.30%).The awareness of farmers towards activities of RKVY on its beneficiaries was found to be at a medium level (43.33%) among beneficiaries and low among non- beneficiaries (63.33%). The study also found that age, education, land holding, annual income, extension contact, social participation, mass media exposure, risk preference and economic motivation were positively and significantly correlated with the awareness of farmers towards activities of RKVY on both its beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries.
Substances Detected During Coroner Postmortem Toxicology Analyses in Poisoning- and Nonpoisoning-Related Suicides
Authors: Lim Jessy S. , Buckley Nicholas A. , Cairns Rose , Schumann Jennifer , Schaffer Andrea L. , Chitty Kate M. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceDetermining the association between drug use and suicide is complicated but can help to inform targeted suicide prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo examine the substances prevalent in poisoning- and nonpoisoning-related suicides in Australia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a multiple-year, cross-sectional study of suicides from July 2013 to October 2019 in Australia with toxicology data available in a national coronial database. The cause of death was classified as poisoning related if any type of poisoning was determined by the coroner to contribute to the cause of death. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated to compare substance detection in poisoning- vs nonpoisoning-related suicides. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to April 2023.ExposuresAll substances detected in decedents at the time of death according to toxicology reports were recorded.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)The most common individual substances and substance classes were identified. From these, blood concentrations of substances of interest were analyzed, and the most commonly occurring combinations of substance classes were listed.ResultsToxicology was performed on 13 664 suicide decedents (median [IQR] age, 44 [31-57] years; 10 350 male [76%]). From these, 3397 (25%) were poisoning-related suicides (median [IQR] age, 50 [38-63] years; 2124 male [63%]). The remainder were classified as nonpoisoning-related suicides (median [IQR] age, 42 [29-55] years; 8226 male [80%]). PRs for common medicine classes being detected in poisoning-related suicides compared with nonpoisoning-related suicides were as follows: antidepressants (PR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.54-1.73), benzodiazepines (PR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.90-2.13), nonopioid analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs (PR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.78-2.00), and opioids (PR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.58-2.87). Alcohol (as ethanol ≥0.03 g/100 mL) was almost equally prevalent in poisoning- and nonpoisoning-related deaths (PR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14), whereas amphetamines (PR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61-0.77) and cannabinoids (PR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.60-0.74) were detected more often in nonpoisoning-related suicides. Combinations of multiple sedative agents in poisoning-related suicides were common.Conclusions and RelevanceBoth poisoning- and nonpoisoning-related suicide deaths featured a high prevalence of psychotropic medicines or potential intoxication, which suggests the association of suicide with poor mental health and substance misuse. Findings suggest that substances with a high involvement in poisoning-related suicides should be prescribed cautiously, including antidepressants that are toxic in overdose, sedatives, opioids, and potentially lethal combinations.
Instructional efficiency: The role of prior knowledge and cognitive load
Authors: Ngu Bing Hiong , Phan Huy P. , Usop Hasbee , Hong Kian Sam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe used a 2 (prior knowledge: low vs. high) × 4 (instructional approach: unitary vs. unitary‐pictorial vs. equation vs. equation‐pictorial) ANOVA to examine the relationship between instructional approach, student prior knowledge, and personal belief of best practice for learning of the find‐whole percentage problems, which pose a challenge for many middle school students. The unit percentage concept is central to both the unitary approach and the unitary‐pictorial approach, where the latter has a diagram to scaffold the unit percentage concept. Both the equation approach and the equation‐pictorial approach, in contrast, are algebra approaches that integrate relevant information to form an equation, allowing learners to solve for an unknown (e.g., x). Furthermore, the equation‐pictorial approach relies on the proportional concept, scaffolded by a diagram to form an equation. A student's best practice, reflected by what is known as the ‘actual – optimal bests dichotomy’, details her belief in capability to perform task complexity (i.e., simple task vs. complex task). The concept of element interactivity within cognitive load theory framework predicts differential instructional efficiency: equation‐pictorial > equation approach > unitary‐pictorial > unitary. Our findings (N = 218 secondary students) showed that performance outcomes favored high prior knowledge students for complex problems and, to a lesser extent, practice problems and simple problems. Low prior knowledge students benefitted most from the equation‐pictorial approach, and they invested higher mental effort than high prior knowledge students across three approaches (unitary, unitary‐pictorial, equation) but not the equation‐pictorial approach. Importantly, cognitive load imposition, by proxy of students' mental effort, was unrelated to students' belief in optimal best.
Adaptive backstepping event‐triggered attitude tracking fault‐tolerant control for spacecraft systems
Authors: Sun Haibin , Zhu Chunjie , Hou Linlin 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis article is dedicated to study the problem of attitude tracking fault‐tolerant control for fractionated spacecraft via wireless communication. The practical case is that the spacecraft system always subject to external disturbances, uncertain inertia parameters, and even unknown actuator faults. Under the backstepping control scheme framework, an adaptive attitude tracking fault‐tolerant controller is constructed, where the triggering strategy is set not only in the sensor‐to‐controller channel, but also in the controller‐to‐actuator channel. Hence, continuous communication and Zeno phenomenon are successfully avoided. Then, a fuzzy‐logic system is used to deal with system parameter uncertainties and adaptive control schemes are constructed to estimate unknown parameters. By using Lyapunov function theory, the uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed‐loop system is proved. Finally, the validity of the developed method is demonstrated via simulation results.
Superior Thermoelectric Performance of Textured Ca3Co4−xO9+δ Ceramic Nanoribbons
Authors: Maor Itzhak I. , Kruppa Katharina , Rozencweig Adi , Sterzer Amir , Steinbach Frank , Beilin Vadim , Breidenstein Bernd , Shter Gennady E. , Mann‐Lahav Meirav , Feldhoff Armin , Grader Gideon S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCalcium cobaltite Ca3Co4−xO9+δ (CCO) is a promising p‐type thermoelectric (TE) material for high‐temperature applications in air. The grains of the material exhibit strong anisotropic properties, making texturing and nanostructuring mostly favored to improve thermoelectric performance. On the one hand multitude of interfaces are needed within the bulk material to create reflecting surfaces that can lower the thermal conductivity. On the other hand, low residual porosity is needed to improve the contact between grains and raise the electrical conductivity. In this study, CCO fibers with 100% flat cross sections in a stacked, compact form are electrospun. Then the grains within the nanoribbons in the plane of the fibers are grown. Finally, the nanoribbons are electrospun into a textured ceramic that features simultaneously a high electrical conductivity of 177 S cm−1 and an immensely enhanced Seebeck coefficient of 200 µV K−1 at 1073 K are assembled. The power factor of 4.68 µW cm−1 K−2 at 1073 K in air surpasses all previous CCO TE performances of nanofiber ceramics by a factor of two. Given the relatively high power factor combined with low thermal conductivity, a relatively large figure‐of‐merit of 0.3 at 873 K in the air for the textured nanoribbon ceramic is obtained.
Immersion‐Triggered Switchable Quasi‐BIC with Optical Encryption from 1.5D Metagratings
Authors: Tang Jiao , Dai Chenjie , Shi Yangyang , Wan Shuai , Li Zhe , Li Zhongyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractActively tuning quasi‐bound states in the continuum (q‐BIC) has emerged as a prominent theme in nanophotonics due to its tailored light–matter interaction. However, the practical controllable q‐BIC metadevices still exhibit critical challenges for achieving convenient tuning in the visible regime with strong reversibility and large‐area implementation. Herein, an immersion‐triggered tuning approach is demonstrated for switchable q‐BIC in the visible regime using 1.5D metagratings. Moreover, by employing the water as the trigger, active q‐BIC‐based optical information encryption is demonstrated due to the spectra alternation. In addition, the proposed q‐BIC is insensitive to incident angles regarding quality factor, resonant wavelength, and modulation depth (MD). This immersion‐triggered strategy for q‐BIC offers a practical tuning approach for achieving dynamic switchable optical functionalities, with potential applications in metasurface‐empowered active q‐BIC optical devices.
Boolean Logic Computing Based on Neuromorphic Transistor
Authors: Wang Yifei , Sun Qijun , Yu Jinran , Xu Nuo , Wei Yichen , Cho Jeong Ho , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGeneral‐purpose computers usually use logic gate computing units based on complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS). Due to the separate memory and computing units in Von Neumann architecture, data transmission requires great energy and time consumption. Developing novel neuromorphic devices and comprehensively investigating their logical computing mode are crucial to achieve high‐performance and low‐power neuromorphic computation. Here, a systematic summary of Boolean logic computing based on emerging neuromorphic transistors is presented. This summary encompasses logical operation modes, materials, device structures, and working mechanisms. The input mode of Boolean logic operation is classified into electrical input, optical input, and synergistic optical/electrical input. Besides, additional modulation strategies to construct programmable logic functions by electrical, optical, and thermal signals are also summarized. These strategies hold great significance as they enable dynamic reconfiguration of logic operations and provide neuromorphic devices with decision‐making capabilities. Finally, the application prospects and current challenges to Boolean logic computing based on dendritic integration are discussed from the aspects of device integration, synergistic input/modulation modes, auxiliary peripheral circuit, software/hardware system, etc. It is believed that comprehensive investigations on neuromorphic Boolean logic operations are crucial to push forward the development of future neuromorphic computing toward high efficiency and high integration density.
Creating and Transferring an Innervated, Vascularized Muscle Flap Made from an Elastic, Cellularized Tissue Construct Developed In Situ
Authors: Sato Hideyoshi , Kohyama Keishi , Uchibori Takafumi , Takanari Keisuke , Huard Johnny , Badylak Stephen F. , D'Amore Antonio , Wagner William R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReanimating facial structures following paralysis and muscle loss is a surgical objective that would benefit from improved options for harvesting appropriately sized muscle flaps. The objective of this study is to apply electrohydrodynamic processing to generate a cellularized, elastic, biocomposite scaffold that could develop and mature as muscle in a prepared donor site in vivo, and then be transferred as a thin muscle flap with a vascular and neural pedicle. First, an effective extracellular matrix (ECM) gel type is selected for the biocomposite scaffold from three types of ECM combined with poly(ester urethane)urea microfibers and evaluated in rat abdominal wall defects. Next, two types of precursor cells (muscle‐derived and adipose‐derived) are compared in constructs placed in rat hind limb defects for muscle regeneration capacity. Finally, with a construct made from dermal ECM and muscle‐derived stem cells, protoflaps are implanted in one hindlimb for development and then microsurgically transferred as a free flap to the contralateral limb where stimulated muscle function is confirmed. This construct generation and in vivo incubation procedure may allow the generation of small‐scale muscle flaps appropriate for transfer to the face, offering a new strategy for facial reanimation.
Buried‐Interface Engineering of Conformal 2D/3D Perovskite Heterojunction for Efficient Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells on Industrially Textured Silicon
Authors: Zhang Fu , Tu Binbin , Yang Shaofei , Fan Ke , Liu Zhiliang , Xiong Zhijun , Zhang Jie , Li Wei , Huang Haitao , Yu Cao , K.‐Y. Jen Alex , Yao Kai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExploring strategies to control the crystallization and modulate interfacial properties for high‐quality perovskite film on industry‐relevant textured crystalline silicon solar cells is highly valued in the perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics community. The formation of a 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction is widely employed to passivate defects and suppress ion migration in the film surface of perovskite solar cells. However, realizing solution‐processed heterostructures at the buried interface faces solvent incompatibilities with the challenge of underlying‐layer disruption, and texture incompatibilities with the challenge of uneven coverage. Here, a hybrid two‐step deposition method is used to prepare robust 2D perovskites with cross‐linkable ligands underneath the 3D perovskite. This structurally coherent interlayer benefits by way of preferred crystal growth of strain‐free and uniform upper perovskite, inhibits interfacial defect‐induced instability and recombination, and promotes charge‐carrier extraction with ideal energy‐level alignment. The broad applicability of the bottom‐contact heterostructure for different textured substrates with conformal coverage and various precursor solutions with intact properties free of erosion are demonstrated. With this buried interface engineering strategy, the resulting perovskite/silicon tandem cells, based on industrially textured Czochralski (CZ) silicon, achieve a certified efficiency of 28.4% (1.0 cm2), while retaining 89% of the initial PCE after over 1000 h operation.
Permittivity‐Based Microparticle Classification by the Integration of Impedance Cytometry and Microwave Resonators
Authors: Tefek Uzay , Sari Burak , Alhmoud Hashim Z. , Hanay Mehmet S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPermittivity of microscopic particles can be used as a classification parameter for applications in materials and environmental sciences. However, directly measuring the permittivity of individual microparticles has proven to be challenging due to the convoluting effect of particle size on capacitive signals. To overcome this challenge, a sensing platform is built to independently obtain both the geometric and electric size of a particle, by combining impedance cytometry and microwave resonant sensing in a microfluidic chip. This way the microwave signal, which contains both permittivity and size effects, can be normalized by the size information provided by impedance cytometry to yield an intensive parameter that depends only on permittivity. The technique allows to differentiate between polystyrene and soda lime glass microparticles—below 22 µm in diameter—with more than 94% accuracy, despite their similar sizes and electrical characteristics. Furthermore, it is shown that the same technique can be used to differentiate between normal healthy cells and fixed cells of the same geometric size. The technique offers a potential route for targeted applications such as environmental monitoring of microplastic pollution or quality control in pharmaceutical industry.
Spatial Position Regulation of Cu Single Atom Site Realizes Efficient Nanozyme Photocatalytic Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Ou Honghui , Qian Yuping , Yuan Lintian , Li He , Zhang Ludan , Chen Shenghua , Zhou Min , Yang Guidong , Wang Dingsheng , Wang Yuguang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, single‐atom nanozymes have made significant progress in the fields of sterilization and treatment, but their catalytic performance as substitutes for natural enzymes and drugs is far from satisfactory. Here, a method is reported to improve enzyme activity by adjusting the spatial position of a single‐atom site on the nanoplatforms. Two types of Cu single‐atom site nanozymes are synthesized in the interlayer (CuL/PHI) and in‐plane (CuP/PHI) of poly (heptazine imide) (PHI) through different synthesis pathways. Experimental and theoretical analysis indicates that the interlayer position of PHI can effectively adjust the coordination number, coordination bond length, and electronic structure of Cu single atoms compared to the in‐plane position, thereby promoting photoinduced electron migration and O2 activation, enabling effective generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic bactericidal activity of CuL/PHI against aureus is ≈100%, achieving the same antibacterial effect as antibiotics, after 10 min of low‐dose light exposure and 2 h of incubation.
Enhancing Stability and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with a Bilayer Hole Transporting Layer of Nickel Phthalocyanine and Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene)
Authors: Kim Hyeonwoo , Lee Do Yoon , Lim Jihoo , Kim Jongbeom , Park Jaewang , Seidel Jan , Yun Jae Sung , Seok Sang Il 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo expedite the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), researchers are exploring the feasibility of employing nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) as a hole transport material (HTM) due to its cost‐effectiveness, excellent thermal stability, and suitability for solution coating. However, the low LUMO energy level of the NiPc may limit its ability to block photoelectrons generated in the perovskite layer from recombining with holes, which can reduce the overall efficiency of the solar cell. One solution is to use cascaded bilayers with HTMs that have relatively higher LUMO levels. In this study, a bilayer consisting of NiPc and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is employed as the HTM, where the P3HT exhibits vertical phase separation during the coating process. By optimizing the mixing amount of P3HT into the NiPc, a record power conversion efficiency of 23.11%, the highest reported for NiPc‐based PSCs is achieved. Moreover, an excellent long‐term stability is demonstrated by encapsulating the PSC in polyisobutylene, with the device retaining 90% of its initial efficiency after exposure to 85 °C and 85% relative humidity for 1000 h.
Luminescent Solar Concentrators with Dual Functions of Photovoltaic and Piezoelectric Properties for Wireless Self‐Powered Speed Measurement
Authors: Xia Pengfei , Sun Hongcan , Xu Shuhong , Zhou Tong , Zong Shenfei , Lu Changgui , Wang Chunlei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe solar‐only response nature limits the luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) to solar harvesting rather than responding to other stimuli, which restricts the role of LSCs to energy supply in self‐powered internet of things (IoT) systems, and the application potential of LSCs in self‐powered devices has been seriously overlooked. In this work, LSCs with photovoltaic and piezoelectric features are proposed for the first time, extending the application scenario of LSCs to self‐powered sensors with pressure responsiveness. The luminescent layer of perovskite‐polymer composite film is prepared via in situ blade coating with the piezoelectric polymer matrix of poly(vinylidenefluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)). P(VDF‐TrFE) possesses stronger DMF adsorption capacity and higher electroactive phase content than a conventional piezoelectric matrix of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), which not only reduces the residual‐solvent‐induced defects in perovskite luminophores, but also brings a sensitive pressure response to LSCs. The dual‐functional LSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of 1.01% and a output piezoelectric voltage of 0.95 V can be obtained even at a low pressure of 0.16 kPa. A self‐powered speed measurement system is demonstrated, and the actual speed measurement is carried out. Such dual‐functional LSCs show great potential in self‐powered electrical devices, which can be applied to low‐energy‐consumption IoT systems and other commercial smart home products.