bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of consolidative thoracic radiation in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with first-line chemoimmunotherapy: a retrospective study from a single cancer center
Authors: Li Yuying , Jing Wang , Jing Xuquan , Sun Yulan , Tang Xiaoyong , Guo Jun , Zhang Yan , Zhu Hui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the role of consolidative thoracic radiation (TRT) in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) receiving first-line chemo-immunotherapy followed by immunotherapy maintenance.

Patients and methods
Outcomes of patients without disease progression after first-line chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed (January 2020 to December 2021). Based on TRT or not, patients were allocated to TRT group or non-TRT group. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and local-recurrence free survival (LRFS) were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log-rank test.

Results
Of 100 patients, 47 received TRT and 53 non-TRT. The median follow-up was 20.3 months. The median PFS and OS in TRT were 9.1 months and 21.8 months, versus 8.8 months (p = 0.93) and 24.3 months (p = 0.63), respectively, in non-TRT. The median LRFS time in TRT was not reached, but significantly longer than 10.8 months in non-TRT (HR = 0.27, p < 0.01). Second-line chemotherapy significantly prolonged survival compared to that with chemo-free patients (mOS: 24.5 vs. 21.4 months, p = 0.026). The subgroup analysis showed a trend of patients with brain metastases benefit from TRT (21.8 versus 13.7 months, HR 0.61, p = 0.38) while liver metastases did not. Of 47 patients with TRT, only 10.6% of patients experienced grade 3 radiation-induced pneumonitis, while no grade 4 or 5 adverse events occurred.

Conclusion
Consolidative TRT in the period of immunotherapy maintenance followed first-line chemo-immunotherapy did not prolong OS and PFS but associated with improved LRFS in ES-SCLC.
Flexibles Gleichungslösen im Klassengespräch unterstützen – der Beitrag des Vergleichens von multiplen Lösungswegen
Authors: Hämmerle Christian Serop 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDamit Lernende Gleichungen zielorientiert lösen können, sind Planungsprozesse notwendig. Planungsprozesse schließen die Evaluation von möglichen Lösungswegen mit ein und werden von Ausführungs- und Strukturierungsprozessen abgegrenzt. Das Planen von geeigneten Lösungswegen wird in der Literatur mit dem Begriff der Flexibilität verknüpft. Vergleiche von multiplen Lösungswegen haben sich für die Flexibilität als lernförderlich erwiesen. Um die Lernförderlichkeit der Vergleiche zu unterstützen, werden produktive Klassengespräche empfohlen, in denen die Gegenüberstellung der Lösungswege besprochen wird. Dieser Beitrag prüft, ob in Klassengesprächen zu Vergleichen von multiplen Lösungswegen Planungsprozesse häufiger thematisiert werden als beim Besprechen nur eines Lösungsweges und als beim Besprechen von multiplen Lösungswegen ohne Vergleich. Die Stichprobe der Inhaltsanalyse umfasst Klassengespräche aus 172 Lektionen und 43 Klassen (Jahrgangsstufe 9 und 10). Die statistische Analyse wird sowohl klassenübergreifend mit binär logistischen Regressionsmodellen durchgeführt als auch klassenspezifisch mit t‑Tests für paarweise verbundene Stichproben. Die Studie zeigt, dass beim Vergleichen von multiplen Lösungswegen etwa doppelt so häufig Planungsprozesse thematisiert werden. Zusätzlich wird dokumentiert, dass beim Lösen von Gleichungen Ausführungsprozesse am häufigsten besprochen werden.
Mid-Crisis Restructuring Law Reform in the United Kingdom
Authors: van Zwieten Kristin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEconomic shocks create insolvency law-making space, generating opportunities for legal reform that may be absent in good times. Policymakers may suddenly acquire a mandate to resource institutions or drive through a change in the law where in good times such reforms were likely to be foiled by interest group capture, or simply unlikely to get sufficient political traction. A crisis, then, is an opportunity for the well-prepared insolvency policymaker. Insolvency rule-making in crisis conditions is, however, plainly also risky. Making best use of the opportunity implies making more than temporary changes to the regime. But design choices made mid-crisis will almost inevitably be influenced by the features of the crisis itself, generating a risk that the result of the reform effort will be distorted law, ill-suited to the achievement of the lawmaker’s objectives in the long run. This paper considers the permanent restructuring law reforms enacted in the UK during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. At first glance, these reforms appear to exemplify the case of the well-prepared policymaker, poised to drive through carefully planned changes to the law when the opportunity arises. On closer inspection, however, a different picture emerges. The permanent measures, which were enacted in a fast-track legislative process, departed from the Government’s pre-pandemic plan in material and undesirable ways. In some cases, these deviations mean that the original objective has not been achieved at all; in others, the objective has been at least partially achieved, but at unnecessary cost. Overall, the UK experience appears to better exemplify the risks of attempting insolvency law reform in a crisis, than the opportunities that a crisis affords to an insolvency policymaker.
Seasonal characteristics of crime: an empirical investigation of the temporal fluctuation of the different types of crime in London
Authors: Shiode Narushige , Shiode Shino , Nishi Hayato , Hino Kimihiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost types of crimes show seasonal fluctuations but the difference and similarity of the periodicity between different crimes are understudied. Interpreting the seasonality of different crime types and formulating clusters of crimes that share similar seasonal characteristics would help identify the common underlying factors and revise the patterns of patrolling and monitoring to enable sustained management of the control strategies. This study proposes a new methodological framework for measuring similarities and differences in the timing of peaks and troughs, as well as the waveforms of different crimes. The method combines a Poisson state-space model with cluster analysis and multi-dimensional scaling. A case study using twelve types of crimes in London (2013–2020) demonstrated that the amplitude of the seasonal fluctuation identified by this method explained 95.2% of the similarity in their waveforms, while the timing of the peaks covered 87.5% of the variance in their seasonal fluctuation. The high predictability of the seasonal patterns of crimes as well as the stable categorisation of crimes with similar seasonal characteristics enable sustainable and measured planning of police resource allocation and, thereby, facilitates a more efficient management of the urban environment.
Spillover effects between competitive brands——based on the comparison of cross-border e-commerce and offline store scenarios
Authors: Ma Shuzhong , Ye Xiaohong , Pan Gangjian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere are many differences between cross-border e-commerce and offline stores, and situational factors have a great impact on consumer behavior. We construct the influencing factor model of competitive brand spillover effect by using 337 questionnaire data to explore whether there are differences in competitive brand spillover effect under different situations, and try to explore the influencing factors causing this difference. The empirical test results show that: product factor (including product characteristics, product price and product differentiation degree) will have an impact on consumers’ channel selection; there are significant differences in competitive brand spillover effects between cross-border e-commerce and offline stores. Search methods, advertising competition methods and platform functions have an significant impact on it.
Experimental investigation on droplet evaporation characteristics during combustion of future and current aviation fuels with range of properties
Authors: Zheng L. , Wei C. , Zhang Y. , Khandelwal B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrently there is lack of knowledge on how new types of alternative fuels and their storage conditions change the droplet evaporation characteristics. Liquid fuel is commonly stored in wide varieties of containers, where fuel characteristics may change because of the exposure to the material of the container. This study evaluates the impact of different storage containers on droplet evaporation characteristics of different fuels. It was found that there is a distinct phase transition between high volatility to low volatility phase in each fuel stored in steel drums verses fuel that is stored in plastic drums. The type of fuel contaminated by polymer additive has a high impact on fuel droplet burn rates. Polymer additives also have an impact on nucleate boiling, sub-droplets and soot particles. The burning rate constant, K, of selected pure aromatics, various fuel mixtures and Jet A with different cetane numbers have been evaluated. Research has shown that in the low volatility combustion phase a trend reduction of lowest boiling point pure aromatic burning rate to the highest boiling point pure aromatic burning rate is obvious. Irregular change in droplet diameter between the high volatility phase and low volatility phase during the combustion of aromatics blend was observed. This work has also evaluated the relationship between burning rates and cetane numbers.
Econometric identification of crop insurance participation
Authors: Tsiboe Francis , Turner Dylan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper shows how econometric identification can be improved in studies making use of crop insurance participation as either an independent or dependent variable. The paper provides the reader with a succinct overview of how crop insurance contracts are priced and how to use publicly available data to derive a novel composite crop insurance design parameter that emulates existing crop insurance rating parameters using a procedure that is based on current actuarial practices. The derived design parameter performs well at predicting historic crop insurance loss-cost ratios and satisfies the requirements for an instrumental variable for a variety of empirical applications related to crop insurance. Representative empirical examples are presented where it is shown that the proposed instrument has favorable two-staged least squares diagnostic tests and is effective at eliminating endogeneity bias.
Crinoids from the Wooster Shale Member of the Cuyahoga Formation, Carboniferous (Mississippian, Tournaisian) of northeastern Ohio
Authors: Ausich William I. , Wilson Mark A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNine crinoids are described from the Wooster Shale Member of the Cuyahoga Formation from Wayne and Ashland counties, Ohio, USA. Identifiable elements of the fauna include five camerate crinoids, one flexible crinoid, and three other eucladid crinoids. Five new species are described, includingCactocrinus woosterensisn. sp.,Cusacrinus brushin. sp.,Agaricocrinus murphyin. sp.,Decadocrinus laevisn. sp., andDecadocrinus inordinatusn. sp. Overall, the distribution of crinoid clades in the Wooster Shale is similar to that of the stratigraphically lower Meadville Shale Member of the Cuyahoga Formation, although less diverse and with only one species (Cyathocrinites simplex) in common. Many of the Wooster Shale Member crinoids are completely or partially preserved with siderite either in nodules or within siderite beds. These crinoids are commonly preserved in trauma postures, which is characteristic of burial in episodic high turbulence events. The paleoenvironments and taxa of the two Cuyahoga Formation crinoid faunas more closely resemble Viséan faunas in siliciclastic settings than typical carbonate faunas of the Tournaisian.UUID:http://zoobank.org/2d2678e1-2367-4429-bea0-a64cd020e98c
Homescapes of im~mobility: Migratory transpatial repertoires during the pandemic
Authors: Kitsiou Roula , Bratimou Stella 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present article reflects on the concept of ‘spatial repertoire’ through a ‘trans’-perspective in order to explain the trans-formation of migrants’ homescapes during the pandemic—a time of restricted mobility. In the context of translocal im~mobility, this ethnographically informed multiple case study explores how three Greek ‘brain drain’ immigrants performed homescapes in the online-offline nexus from October to February 2020. Employing a critical discourse analytic approach, the findings showcase the pandemic biopolitics that have resulted in the de/reterritorialisation of everyday sociospatial activities, thus creating heterotopic places within the home. Specifically, the integration of work and political activity into the homescape has led to the resemiotisation of the linguistic landscape of homes and the dissolution of boundaries between ‘named’ spaces in homes. The concept of ‘transpatial repertoire’ captures the hybridisation of the pandemic-affected homescape, taking into consideration the vulnerabilities and emergent resistances to biopolitical control. In other words, it sheds light on the emergent heterotopias of im~mobility. (Pandemic, heterotopia, transpatial repertoire, linguistic landscape, homescape)*
Behavioural and environmental risk factors associated with primary schoolchildren’s overweight and obesity in urban Indonesia
Authors: de Vries Mecheva Margarita , Rieger Matthias , Sparrow Robert , Prafiantini Erfi , Agustina Rina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectives:To aid the design of nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries undergoing a nutrition transition, this study examined behavioural and environmental risk factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity in urban Indonesia.Design:Body height and weight of children were measured to determine BMI-for-age Z-scores and childhood overweight and obesity status. A self-administered parental survey measured socio-economic background, children’s diet, physical activity, screen time and parental practices. Logistic and quantile regression models were used to assess the association between risk factors and the BMI-for-age Z-score distribution.Setting:Public primary schools in Central Jakarta, sampled at random.Participants:Children (n 1674) aged 6–13 years from 18 public primary schools.Results:Among the children, 31·0 % were overweight or obese. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys (21·0 %) than in girls (12·0 %). Male sex and height (aOR = 1·67; 95 % CI 1·30, 2·14 and aOR = 1·16; 95 % CI 1·14, 1·18, respectively) increased the odds of being overweight or obese, while the odds reduced with every year of age (aOR = 0·43; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·50). Maternal education was positively associated with children’s BMI at the median of the Z-score distribution (P = 0·026). Dietary and physical activity risk scores were not associated with children’s BMI at any quantile. The obesogenic home food environment score was significantly and positively associated with the BMI-for-age Z-score at the 75th and 90th percentiles (P = 0·022 and 0·023, respectively).Conclusions:This study illustrated the demographic, behavioural and environmental risk factors for overweight and obesity among primary schoolchildren in a middle-income country. To foster healthy behaviours in primary schoolchildren, parents need to ensure a positive home food environment. Future sex-responsive interventions should involve both parents and children, promote healthy diets and physical activity and improve food environments in homes and schools.
CLIMCAPS—A NASA Long‐Term Product for Infrared + Microwave Atmospheric Soundings
Authors: Smith N. , Barnet C. D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Community Long‐term Infrared Microwave Combined Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) spans more than two decades of soundings from infrared and microwave instrument pairs on Aqua, Suomi‐NPP, and NOAA‐20. CLIMCAPS builds on three decades of research within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Science Team (AST) to retrieve profiles of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, ozone, and many other trace gases as well as cloud and surface properties. In this paper, we highlight four innovative aspects of the AST retrieval methodology that allows the CLIMCAPS record (2002 to present) to bridge technology differences, maintain global coverage and stay updated with fast reprocessing times. CLIMCAPS improves on the AST method with rigorous optimal estimation uncertainty quantification for improved understanding of the signal‐to‐noise in sounding retrievals to allow their use in scientific research.
Standardized Data to Improve Understanding and Modeling of Soil Nitrogen at Continental Scale
Authors: Weintraub‐Leff Samantha R. , Hall Steven J. , Craig Matthew E. , Sihi Debjani , Wang Zhuonan , Hart Stephen C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNitrogen (N) is a key limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems, but there remain critical gaps in our ability to predict and model controls on soil N cycling. This may be in part due to lack of standardized sampling across broad spatial–temporal scales. Here, we introduce a continentally distributed, publicly available data set collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) that can help fill these gaps. First, we detail the sampling design and methods used to collect and analyze soil inorganic N pool and net flux rate data from 47 terrestrial sites. We address methodological challenges in generating a standardized data set, even for a network using uniform protocols. Then, we evaluate sources of variation within the sampling design and compare measured net N mineralization to simulated fluxes from the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2). We observed wide spatiotemporal variation in inorganic N pool sizes and net transformation rates. Site explained the most variation in NEON’s stratified sampling design, followed by plots within sites. Organic horizons had larger pools and net N transformation rates than mineral horizons on a sample weight basis. The majority of sites showed some degree of seasonality in N dynamics, but overall these temporal patterns were not matched by CESM2, leading to poor correspondence between observed and modeled data. Looking forward, these data can reveal new insights into controls on soil N cycling, especially in the context of other environmental data sets provided by NEON, and should be leveraged to improve predictive modeling of the soil N cycle.
The Relationship of Aerosol Properties and Ice‐Nucleating Particle Concentrations in Beijing
Authors: Ren Y. Z. , Bi K. , Fu S. Z. , Tian P. , Huang M. Y. , Zhu R. H. , Xue H. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates immersion mode ice‐nucleating particle (INP) concentrations measured with a continuous flow diffusion chamber at temperatures of −20°C, −25°C, and −30°C in Beijing from 4 May to 4 June 2018. Aerosol conditions in the experiment period are classified into four types: clean, light PM2.5 pollution, heavy PM2.5 pollution, and dust. The PM mass concentrations and the aerosol size distributions are distinctly different in the four aerosol conditions. INP concentration increases as temperature decreases from −20°C to −30°C for all the four aerosol conditions. At a given temperature, INP concentrations progressively increase as the aerosol condition changes from clean to light PM2.5 pollution and to heavy PM2.5 pollution condition. At −25°C and −30°C, the dust condition has a much higher INP concentration than the other aerosol conditions. The INP concentration is closely related to the number concentration of aerosols with diameters of 1.0–2.5 μm (). Using a similar method as in the previous parameterization of INP concentrations for global and fairly clean aerosol conditions, a new parameterization of the INP concentration based on is provided for the complicated aerosol conditions with high aerosol number concentrations in Beijing.
Propagation and Characteristics of Hydrometeorological Drought Under Changing Climate in Irish Catchments
Authors: Meresa H. , Murphy C. , Donegan S. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrometeorological droughts are complex hazards expressed through the relative deviation in water availability relative to long‐term average conditions. The development and propagation of drought is governed by hydrological processes at different spatial scales including precipitation, evapotranspiration, overland flow, soil moisture, groundwater storage and discharge. Detailed investigation is thus required to evaluate associated linkages among various types of hydrometeorological drought to understand the likely impacts of climate change on drought characteristics (magnitude, frequency, duration and propagation). This study explores the impact of climate change on hydrometeorological drought for 10 Irish catchments, using standardized drought indices representing different components of the hydrological system. We employ 12 Global Climate Models from the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), forced with SSP370 and bias corrected to catchment conditions to force a conceptual hydrological model to generate hydrological projections for each catchment. The results indicate substantial drying during summer with associated increases in summer drought magnitude and frequency. However, simulations show a wide range of change, especially for hydrological drought (discharge and baseflow). Only modest changes in the magnitude and frequency of hydrological drought events were found, with increases in winter and spring precipitation offsetting summer dryness. Similarly, the probability of meteorological drought propagating to hydrological events (Standardized Streamflow Index/Standardized Baseflow Index), shows modest increases under the climate change projections considered. Findings highlight that drought, especially during summer are a critical climate change risk for adaptation.
Remote Influences of ENSO and IOD on the Interannual Variability of the West Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Kim Jihae , Kang Daehyun , Lee Myong‐In , Jin Emilia Kyung , Kug Jong‐Seong , Lee Won Sang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWest Antarctica exhibits a pronounced sea ice variability in interannual timescale, and 20%–30% of the total variance can be explained by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) during austral spring. The sea ice variation is primarily linked with anomalous atmospheric circulation in the Amundsen‐Bellingshausen Sea (ABS) that modulates poleward atmospheric temperature advection and radiative forcing. With a co‐varying relationship between ENSO and IOD, isolating their remote impacts on Antarctica has been limited in observations. An idealized experiment using the atmospheric model with a dry dynamical core suggests that the anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the ABS is primarily contributed by the ENSO in the Pacific Ocean, while the contribution of the IOD in the Indian Ocean is only one‐third large. This study implies that atmospheric teleconnection through the southern Pacific Ocean is crucial for understanding the West Antarctic sea ice concentration variability.