bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Utility of a Coronary Artery Disease Polygenic Risk Score in Primary Prevention
Authors: Marston Nicholas A. , Pirruccello James P. , Melloni Giorgio E. M. , Koyama Satoshi , Kamanu Frederick K. , Weng Lu-Chen , Roselli Carolina , Kamatani Yoichiro , Komuro Issei , Aragam Krishna G. , Butterworth Adam S. , Ito Kaoru , Lubitz Steve A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Sabatine Marc S. , Ruff Christian T. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceThe clinical utility of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) has not yet been established.ObjectiveTo investigate the ability of a CAD PRS to potentially guide statin initiation in primary prevention after accounting for age and clinical risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a longitudinal cohort study with enrollment starting on January 1, 2006, and ending on December 31, 2010, with data updated to mid-2021, using data from the UK Biobank, a long-term population study of UK citizens. A replication analysis was performed in Biobank Japan. The analysis included all patients without a history of CAD and who were not taking lipid-lowering therapy. Data were analyzed from January 1 to June 30, 2022.ExposuresPolygenic risk for CAD was defined as low (bottom 20%), intermediate, and high (top 20%) using a CAD PRS including 241 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide variations (SNVs). The pooled cohort equations were used to estimate 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and classify individuals as low (&amp;lt;5%), borderline (5-&amp;lt;7.5%), intermediate (7.5-&amp;lt;20%), or high risk (≥20%).Main Outcomes and MeasuresMyocardial infarction (MI) and ASCVD events (defined as incident clinical CAD [including MI], stroke, or CV death).ResultsA total of 330 201 patients (median [IQR] age, 57 [40-74] years; 189 107 female individuals [57%]) were included from the UK Biobank. Over the 10-year follow-up, 4454 individuals had an MI. The CAD PRS was significantly associated with the risk of MI in all age groups but had significantly stronger risk prediction at younger ages (age &amp;lt;50 years: hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD of PRS, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.56-1.89; age 50-60 years: HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.38-1.53; age &amp;gt;60 years: HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.37-1.48; P for interaction &amp;lt;.001). In patients younger than 50 years, those with high PRS had a 3- to 4-fold increased associated risk of MI compared with those in the low PRS category. A significant interaction between CAD PRS and age was replicated in Biobank Japan. When CAD PRS testing was added to the clinical ASCVD risk score in individuals younger than 50 years, 591 of 4373 patients (20%) with borderline risk were risk stratified into intermediate risk, warranting initiation of statin therapy and 3198 of 7477 patients (20%) with both borderline or intermediate risk were stratified as low risk, thus not warranting therapy.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that the predictive ability of a CAD PRS was greater in younger individuals and can be used to better identify patients with borderline and intermediate clinical risk who should initiate statin therapy.
Validation of a Deep Learning–Based Model to Predict Lung Cancer Risk Using Chest Radiographs and Electronic Medical Record Data
Authors: Raghu Vineet K. , Walia Anika S. , Zinzuwadia Aniket N. , Goiffon Reece J. , Shepard Jo-Anne O. , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Lennes Inga T. , Lu Michael T. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceLung cancer screening with chest computed tomography (CT) prevents lung cancer death; however, fewer than 5% of eligible Americans are screened. CXR-LC, an open-source deep learning tool that estimates lung cancer risk from existing chest radiograph images and commonly available electronic medical record (EMR) data, may enable automated identification of high-risk patients as a step toward improving lung cancer screening participation.ObjectiveTo validate CXR-LC using EMR data to identify individuals at high-risk for lung cancer to complement 2022 US Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) lung cancer screening eligibility guidelines.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prognostic study compared CXR-LC estimates with CMS screening guidelines using patient data from a large US hospital system. Included participants were persons who currently or formerly smoked cigarettes with an outpatient posterior-anterior chest radiograph between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, with no history of lung cancer or screening CT. Data analysis was performed between May 2021 and June 2022.ExposuresCXR-LC lung cancer screening eligibility (previously defined as having a 3.297% or greater 12-year risk) based on inputs (chest radiograph image, age, sex, and whether currently smoking) extracted from the EMR.Main Outcomes and Measures6-year incident lung cancer.ResultsA total of 14 737 persons were included in the study population (mean [SD] age, 62.6 [6.8] years; 7154 [48.5%] male; 204 [1.4%] Asian, 1051 [7.3%] Black, 432 [2.9%] Hispanic, 12 330 [85.2%] White) with a 2.4% rate of incident lung cancer over 6 years (361 patients with cancer). CMS eligibility could be determined in 6277 patients (42.6%) using smoking pack-year and quit-date from the EMR. Patients eligible by both CXR-LC and 2022 CMS criteria had a high rate of lung cancer (83 of 974 patients [8.5%]), higher than those eligible by 2022 CMS criteria alone (5 of 177 patients [2.8%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Patients eligible by CXR-LC but not 2022 CMS criteria also had a high 6-year incidence of lung cancer (121 of 3703 [3.3%]). In the 8460 cases (57.4%) where CMS eligibility was unknown, CXR-LC eligible patients had a 5-fold higher rate of lung cancer than ineligible (127 of 5177 [2.5%] vs 18 of 2283 [0.5%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Similar results were found in subgroups, including female patients and Black persons.Conclusions and RelevanceUsing routine chest radiographs and other data automatically extracted from the EMR, CXR-LC identified high-risk individuals who may benefit from lung cancer screening CT.
Effect of surgery on the survival of elderly patients with early stage pancreatic cancer: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Wu Jiali , Xie Zishan , Lei Chuqian , Yu Liwa , Huang Rui , Li Ming , Yuan Lu , Zhang Weixing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesResearch about the effect of surgery in geriatric patients with early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is limited, and it remains a subject of much debate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of surgery on the survival of elderly patients with T1‐3N0M0 PDAC and to further investigate the prognosis of these patients undergoing different surgical methods.MethodsPatients aged ≥65 with T1‐3N0M0 PDAC diagnosed in 2004–2016 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The imbalance of baseline characteristics was reduced by propensity score matching. We used the log‐rank tests to evaluate overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) among different groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to explore prognostic factors in PDAC.ResultsIn total, 6363 patients were enrolled. After matching, 1110 patients were paired. We found that surgery could provide better survival (p < 0.001). Moreover, compared with those who underwent partial resection or larger resection, patients who underwent local tumor destruction had poorer OS and CSS (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant survival differences were shown between the partial resection group and the larger resection group (p < 0.001).ConclusionSurgical intervention could confer a survival benefit to elderly patients with early stage PDAC. Additionally, these patients could benefit from more radical operations, and radical operations with reasonable extents are advocated rather than too aggressive methods.
Physical Activity and Features of Knee Osteoarthritis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Individuals Without Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Dawei , Van Middelkoop Marienke , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sebastia M. A. , Runhaar Jos 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo systematically review all studies that have evaluated the association between physical activity (PA) levels and features of knee osteoarthritis (OA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for subjects without OA.MethodsThe inclusion criteria for prospective studies were as follows: 1) subjects without OA; 2) average age 35–80 years; and 3) any self‐reported PA or objective measurement of PA. The eligible MRI outcomes were OA‐related measures of intraarticular knee joint structures. Exclusion criteria were evaluations of instant associations with transient structural changes after PA.ResultsTwo randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies were included. One of 11 studies found that PA was harmfully related to cartilage volume or thickness, but 4 studies found a significant protective association. Four of 10 studies found that PA was harmfully related to cartilage defects, while others showed no significant associations. Two of 3 studies reported a significantly increased cartilage T2 value in individuals with more PA. All 3 studies reported no significant association between PA and bone marrow lesions. Two studies assessed the association between PA and meniscus pathology, in which only occupational PA involving knee bending was associated with a greater risk of progression.ConclusionWithin the sparse and diverse evidence available, no strong evidence was found for the presence or absence of an association between PA and the presence or progression of features of OA on MRI among subjects without OA. Therefore, more research is required before PA in general and also specific forms of PA can be deemed safe for knee joint structures.
Air‐Stable Li2S Cathode for Quasi‐Solid‐State Anode‐Free Batteries with High Volumetric Energy
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Liu Yuzhao , Yu Le , Qiu Jieshan , Wang Zhiyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnode‐free batteries can maximize the energy density but their development is hindered by a lack of Li‐rich cathodes for compensating the irreversible Li loss. Li2S cathode is particularly appealing to this desire due to 2.6–4.7 folds more Li content and 4.2–6.8 times higher capacity than conventional intercalation cathodes. But its practical application is hindered by poor stability against moisture attacking in the air. Herein, a facile expendable polymer sheathing strategy toward air‐stable Li2S cathodes with high capacities for developing high‐performance quasi‐solid‐state anode‐free batteries without risk of cell leakage is reported. Tight protection by dense polymer barrier dramatically prolongs the lifetime of Li2S cathode by 2,000 times at least in the air. Such air‐stable Li2S cathode allows for high compatibility of anode‐free battery production with commercial schemes. More attractively, the polymer protective layer can in situ transform to multifunctional gel polymer electrolyte for releasing ionic pathways and enhancing cell performance by inhibiting LiPS loss and smoothing Li plating. With air‐stable Li2S cathode, the quasi‐solid‐state anode‐free cells are assembled in ambient environment to deliver superb volumetric energy density of 1093 Wh L−1. This study may shed new light to push the commercialization of high‐energy and reliable anode‐free batteries forward.
Vacancy Manipulation Induced Optimal Carrier Concentration, Band Convergence and Low Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Nano‐Crystalline SnTe Yielding Superior Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Zhang Tingdong , Pan Wenfeng , Ning Suiting , Qi Ning , Chen Zhiquan , Su Xianli , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSynergetic optimization of electrical and thermal transport properties is achieved for SnTe‐based nano‐crystalline materials. Gd doping is able to suppress the Sn vacancy, which is confirmed by positron annihilation measurements and corresponding theoretical calculations. Hence, the optimal hole carrier concentration is obtained, leading to the improvement of electrical transport performance and simultaneous decrease of electronic thermal conductivity. In addition, the incremental density of states effective mass m* in SnTe is realized by the promotion of the band convergence via Gd doping, which is further confirmed by the band structure calculation. Hence, the enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient is also achieved, leading to a high power factor of 2922 µW m−1 K−2 for Sn0.96Gd0.04Te at 900 K. Meanwhile, substantial suppression of the lattice thermal conductivity is observed in Gd‐doped SnTe, which is originated from enhanced phonon scattering by multiple processes including mass and strain fluctuations due to the Gd doping, scattering of grain boundaries, nano‐pores, and secondary phases induced by Gd doping. With the decreased phonon mean free path and reduced average phonon group velocity, a rather low lattice thermal conductivity is achieved. As a result, the synergetic optimization of the electric and thermal transport properties contributes to a rather high ZT value of ≈1.5 at 900 K, leading to the superior thermoelectric performance of SnTe‐based nanoscale polycrystalline materials.
In Situ Structure Transformation of a Sprayed Gel for pH‐Ultrasensitive Nano‐Catalytic Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Niu Zhihui , Xie Mingxiao , Wei Zicheng , Guo Yang , Han Mengxuan , Ding Yingying , Huang Jianyu , Zheng Kang , Zhang Yao , Song Yuanda , Niu Dechao , Li Yongsheng , Wen Guangwu , Li Xiaowei , Shi Jianlin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNano‐catalytic bacterial killing provides new opportunities to address ever‐increasing antibiotic resistance. However, the intrinsic catalytic activity usually depends on a much lower pH conditions (pH = 2–5) than that in the weakly acidic bacterial microenvironments (pH = 6–7) for reactive oxygen species production by Fenton reactions. Herein, a MnSiO3‐based pH‐ultrasensitive “in situ structure transformation” is first reported to significantly promote the adhesion between material and bacteria, and shorten the diffusion distance (<20 nm) to compensate ultra‐short life (<200 ns) of ·OH generated by Mn2+‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction, finally enhancing its nano‐catalytic antibacterial performance in weakly acidic conditions. A separated spray bottle is further designed to achieve in situ gelation at the wound site, which demonstrates excellent shape adaptability to complicated and rough surfaces of wounds, allowing for long‐term nano‐catalyst release. As a result, bacterial‐infected wound healing is efficiently promoted. Herein, the in situ sprayed nano‐catalytic antibacterial gel presents a promising paradigm for bacterial infection treatment.
Multicolor and 3D Holography Generated by Inverse‐Designed Single‐Cell Metasurfaces
Authors: So Sunae , Kim Joohoon , Badloe Trevon , Lee Chihun , Yang Younghwan , Kang Hyunjung , Rho Junsuk 
Published: December 2022

Metasurface‐generated holography has emerged as a promising route for fully reproducing vivid scenes by manipulating the optical properties of light using ultra‐compact devices. However, achieving multiple holographic images using a single metasurface is still difficult due to the capacity limit of a single meta‐atom. In this work, an inverse design method based on gradient‐descent optimization is presented to encode multiple pieces of holographic information into a single metasurface. The proposed method allows the inverse design of single‐cell metasurfaces without the need for complex meta‐atom design strategies, facilitating high‐throughput fabrication using broadband low‐loss materials. By exploiting the proposed design method, both multiplane red‐green‐blue (RGB) color and three‐dimensional (3D) holograms are designed and experimentally demonstrated. Multiplane RGB color holograms with nine distinct holograms are achieved, which demonstrate the state‐of‐the‐art data capacity of a phase‐only metasurface. The first experimental demonstration of metasurface‐generated 3D holograms with completely independent and distinct images in each plane is also presented. The current research findings provide a viable route for practical metasurface‐generated holography by demonstrating the high‐density holography produced by a single metasurface. It is expected to ultimately lead to optical storage, display, and full‐color imaging applications.
A Multifunctional Interphase Layer Enabling Superior Sodium‐Metal Batteries under Ambient Temperature and −40 °C
Authors: Xia Xianming , Xu Shitan , Tang Fang , Yao Yu , Wang Lifeng , Liu Lin , He Shengnan , Yang Yaxiong , Sun Wenping , Xu Chen , Feng Yuezhan , Pan Hongge , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe sodium (Na)‐metal anode with high theoretical capacity and low cost is promising for construction of high‐energy‐density metal batteries. However, the unsatisfactory interface between Na and the liquid electrolyte induces tardy ion transfer kinetics and dendritic Na growth, especially at ultralow temperature (−40 °C). Herein, an artificial heterogeneous interphase consisting of disodium selenide (Na2Se) and metal vanadium (V) is produced on the surface of Na (Na@Na2Se/V) via an in situ spontaneous chemical reaction. Such interphase layer possesses high sodiophilicity, excellent ionic conductivity, and high Young's modulus, which can promote Na‐ion adsorption and transport, realizing homogenous Na deposition without dendrites. The symmetric Na@Na2Se/V cell exhibits outstanding cycling life span of over 1790 h (0.5 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2) in carbonate‐based electrolyte. More remarkably, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the artificial Na2Se/V hybrid interphase can accelerate the desolvation of solvated Na+ at −40 °C. The Na@Na2Se/V electrode thus exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance in symmetric cell (over 1500 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2) and full cell (over 700 cycles at 0.5 C) at −40 °C. This work provides an avenue to design artificial heterogeneous interphase layers for superior high‐energy‐density metal batteries at ambient and ultralow temperatures.
Semi‐Transparent, Chiral Organic Photodiodes with Incident Direction‐Dependent Selectivity for Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Liu Lixuan , Wei Zhixiang , Meskers Stefan C. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDetection of the circular polarization of light is possible using chiral semiconductors, yet the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Semi‐transparent chiral photodiodes allow for a simple experiment to investigate the basis of their selectivity: changing the side from which the diode is illuminated. A reversal of circular selectivity is observed in photocurrent generation when changing the direction of illumination on organic, bulk‐heterojunction cells. The change in selectivity can be explained by a space‐charge limitation on the collection of photocarriers in combination with preferential absorption of one of the circular polarizations of near‐infrared light by the chiral non‐fullerene acceptor. The space‐charge limitation is supported by detailed measurements of frequency and intensity dependence of dc and ac photocurrents.
Trojan Horse Nanocapsule Enabled In Situ Modulation of the Phenotypic Conversion of Th17 Cells to Treg Cells for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Mice
Authors: Shi Chongdeng , Zhang Jing , Wang Huijun , Chen Chen , Han Maosen , Gao Lin , Tang Chunwei , Sun Peng , Zhao Xiaotian , Guo Feiyue , Wang Zhaozhong , Abdalla Mohnad , Yang Zhenmei , Liu Ying , Li Anning , Zhang Cai , Jiang Xinyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTh17/Treg imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of multiple sclerosis (MS), and the transdifferentiation of Th17 cells into Treg cells may contribute to the resolution of inflammation, presenting a therapeutic strategy for MS. To modulate this phenotypic shift in situ, a “Trojan horse”‐like hybrid system, nanocapsule‐coupled Th17 cells, is reported for MS treatment. Following intravenous injection into MS mice, the hybrid system efficiently transmigrates across the blood–brain barrier and homes to the inflamed MS niche. (Aminooxy)‐acetic acid, a transdifferentiation inducer, is locally released upon the production of ROS and in turn taken up by Th17 cells. It is demonstrated that the Trojan horse hybrid system enables in situ phenotypic transdifferentiation of Th17 cells into anti‐inflammatory Treg cells. This phenotypic conversion leads to a domino‐like immune response that is conducive to MS therapy. Overall, this work highlights a new pathway for accurate modulation of the phenotypes of adoptively transferred cells in situ, from proinflammatory to anti‐inflammatory for MS therapy, and may be broadly applicable for patients suffering from other autoimmune diseases.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl Homoallylic Amine Derivatives from Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Ketoimines and Isatin‐Derived Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Carbonates
Authors: Chen Danna , Deng Yabo , Sun Shuo , Jia Pengfei , Huang Jinqi , Yan Wenjin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe asymmetric γ‐regioselective‐alkylation reaction which is catalyzed by a chiral tertiary amine ((DHQ)2PHAL) and takes advantage of isatin‐derived Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman carbonates and CF3‐contained ketoimines, delivered chiral α‐trifluoromethylamine derivatives and incorporated an oxindole motif in yields of 65–98%, diastereoselectivities (>20:1 in most cases) and enantioselectivities of 73–99%. The subsequent deprotection gave α‐ trifluoromethyl amines in a stereoselective manner. Furthermore, fused polycyclic frameworks can be furnished by subsequent derivatization of the product without eroding its stereoselectivity.magnified image
Surface Lattice Resonances in 3D Chiral Metacrystals for Plasmonic Sensing
Authors: Manoccio Mariachiara , Tasco Vittorianna , Todisco Francesco , Passaseo Adriana , Cuscuna Massimo , Tarantini Iolena , Gigli Giuseppe , Esposito Marco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChiral lattice modes are hybrid states arising from the chiral plasmonic particles assembled in ordered arrays with opportune periodicity. These resonances exhibit dependence on excitation handedness, and their observation in plasmonic lattices is strictly related to the chiroptical features of the fundamental plasmonic unit. Here, the emergence of chiral surface lattice resonances (c‐SLRs) is shown in properly engineered arrays of nanohelices (NHs), fully three dimensional (3D) chiral nano‐objects fabricated by focused ion beam processing. By tuning the relative weight of plasmonic and photonic components in the hybrid mode, the physical mechanism of strong diffractive coupling leading to the emergence of the lattice modes is analyzed, opening the way to the engineering of chiral plasmonic systems for sensing applications. In particular, a coupling regime is identified where the combination of a large intrinsic circular dichroism (CD) of the plasmonic resonance with a well‐defined balance between the photonic quality factor (Q factor) and the plasmonic field enhancement (M) maximizes the capability of the system to discriminate refractive index (RI) changes in the surrounding medium. The results lay the foundation for exploiting CD in plasmonic lattices to high performance refractometric sensing.