bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a general practitioner’s perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: secondary analysis of a point prevalence audit survey in 18 European countries
Authors: Domen Julie , Aabenhus Rune , Balan Anca , Bongard Emily , Böhmer Femke , Bralic Lang Valerija , Bruno Pascale , Chlabicz Slawomir , Colliers Annelies , Garcia-Sangenis Ana , Ghazaryan Hrachuhi , Kowalczyk Anna , Jensen Siri , Lionis Christos , van der Linde Tycho M , Malania Lile , Pauer Jozsef , Tomacinschii Angela , Vellinga Akke , Zastavnyy Ihor , Goossens Herman , Butler Christopher C , van der Velden Alike W , Coenen Samuel 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundIllness severity, comorbidity, fever, age and symptom duration influence antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTI). Non-medical determinants, such as patient expectations, also impact prescribing.AimTo quantify the effect of general practitioners’ (GPs’) perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for RTI and investigate effect modification by medical determinants and country.Design & settingProspective audit in 18 European countries.MethodConsultation data were registered of 4982 patients presenting with acute cough and/or sore throat. A mixed-effect logistic regression model analysed the effect of GPs’ perception of a patient request for antibiotics. Two-way interaction terms assessed effect modification. Relevant clinical findings were added to subgroups of lower RTI (LRTI), throat infection, and influenza-like-illness (ILI).ResultsGPs who perceived a patient request for antibiotics were four times more likely to prescribe antibiotics (OR: 4.4, 95%CI: 3.4-5.5). This effect varied by country: lower in Spain (OR: 0.06), Ukraine (OR: 0.15), and Greece (OR: 0.22) compared to the lowest prescribing country. The effect was higher for ILI (OR: 13.86, 95%CI: 5.5-35) and throat infection (OR: 5.1, 95%CI: 3.1-8.4) than for LRTI (OR: 2.9, 95%CI: 1.9-4.3). For ILI and LRTI, GPs were more likely to prescribe antibiotics with abnormal lung auscultation and/or increased/purulent sputum and for throat infection, with tonsillar exudate and/or swollen tonsils.ConclusionGPs’ perception of an antibiotic request and specific clinical findings influence antibiotic prescribing. Incorporating exploration of patient expectations, point-of-care testing and discussing watchful waiting into the decision-making process will benefit appropriate prescribing of antibiotics.
Evaluation of the personality disorder positive outcomes programme (PDPOP) in general practice
Authors: Trueman Hayley , Williams Matt , Schafer Robin , Blyth Fiona 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundGPs and primary care services have been identified as crucial to the care of people with personality disorder. Individuals living with personality disorder frequently face stigma and difficulties when accessing healthcare. Primary care staff often describe feeling demoralised, incompetent, hurt or angry after difficult interactions with patients.AimTo evaluate the effect of PDPOP training delivered to 10 GP practices in 2022-23.Design & settingPDPOP is a co-produced training course aimed at all staff within GP surgeries to help teams, including administrative, reception and clinical staff, to feel confident and skilled when interacting with patients who may have personality disorder.MethodThe New World Kirkpatrick Model was used to evaluate the training, through questionnaires pre- training, post-training, at follow-up, and semi-structured interviews.ResultsEvaluation found that practice teams were highly satisfied with PDPOP training and found it relevant, engaging and useful. Results demonstrated that staff felt more confident and skilled when interacting with patients who may have personality disorder through use of the training’s core concepts. Increased confidence in managing distress, crisis and participant’s own emotions, was associated with reduced impact on staff at interview. Practices also demonstrated action taken post-training to reduce dependency on primary care services.ConclusionBy including lived-experience trainers and introducing core concepts, PDPOP has demonstrated a sustained positive impact on primary care teams. Further expansion of this type of training may help to increase the confidence of healthcare staff in delivering care to patients with personality disorder and similar complex emotional needs.
Implementasi Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia melalui Kerja Sama Pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan (2021-2023)
Authors: Tisnakusumahnita Azizah , Putri Sylvia Octa 
Published: January 2025

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi dari diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui kerja sama pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan tahun 2021-2023. Penelitian ini menguraikan upaya diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui kerja sama pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan, seperti kegiatan budaya di institusi pendidikan di luar negeri, kursus/kelas bahasa Indonesia, beasiswa, dan pertukaran pelajar. Selain itu, diuraikan juga terkait kendala dan peluang, serta hasil diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui kerja sama pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan data yang dikumpulkan dari bermacam sumber, termasuk studi literatur dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan terhadap ketertarikan dari mahasiswa maupun masyarakat Korea Selatan dalam mengenal budaya Indonesia yang dilihat dari pencapaian program-program yang telah terlaksana. Namun, masih terdapat kendala, terutama dalam segi pendanaan dan keterbatasan sumber daya manusia serta promosi. Maka dari itu, untuk memaksimalkan upaya ini diperlukan kolaborasi dari berbagai pihak. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut serta bahan pembanding bagi mahasiswa yang ingin mengembangkan penelitian di bidang yang sama. Kata kunci — Diplomasi Budaya, Indonesia, Kerja Sama Pendidikan, Korea Selatan
Novel Hemodynamic Markers and Kidney Function in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Tuttle Marcelle , Banlengchit Run , Tighiouart Hocine , Testani Jeffrey M. , Moises Amanda I. , Oka Tatsufumi , Ferguson Katie , Sarnak Hannah , Harding Callum , Kiernan Michael S. , Sarnak Mark J. , McCallum Wendy 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are vulnerable to declines in kidney function, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. Two novel hemodynamic markers, pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPI) and aortic pulsatility index (API) represent composite right and left-ventricular function respectively.

Methods:
Consecutive unique patient admissions for ADHF to a single quaternary medical center with placement of a pulmonary artery (PA) catheter between 2015-2021 were reviewed. Cubic and linear regression models were used to examine the association between these markers with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and in-hospital eGFR slope. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between PAPI and API with the need for dialysis via linkage of a national database. Covariates included demographics, comorbid conditions, home medications and baseline eGFR.

Results:
The cohort included N=753 patients with mean (SD) age 62.2 (14.4), eGFR 58.0 (27.1) ml/min/1.73m2. For every halving of PAPI, there was a 3.3 (95% CI 1.5, 5.1) ml/min/1.73 m2 lower baseline eGFR, and a 0.78 (95% CI 0.32, 1.25) ml/min/1.73 m2/week lower in-hospital eGFR slope. Over a median follow-up time of 30.3 months, lower PAPI was associated with higher hazard of dialysis during the follow-up period (HR 1.44 (95%CI 1.06, 1.96) per halving). There was no association between API with baseline eGFR, in-hospital eGFR slope, or dialysis.

Conclusions:
Lower PAPI was associated with a lower baseline eGFR, lower in-hospital eGFR slope and higher risk of dialysis. API was not associated with any kidney outcomes.
A high-power photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) employing lateral step doping
Authors: Zhou Miao , Jiang Lijuan , Xu Jiankai , Xiao Hongling , Feng Chun , Li Wei , Wang Qian , Yan Jianchang , Wang Xiaoliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) device that adopts the lateral step doping structure (LSD) is proposed for the first time. Simulation results show that the lateral step doping structure has significant advantages in improving the voltage resistance of the PCSS. As to a small-size PCSS with a 5 μm electrode gap, the LSD structure could weaken the peak electric field by 61% and improve voltage resistance by 85%. At an electrode gap of 250 μm, the peak electric field of LSD PCSS decreases by 45%. For the small-size PCSS, the use of a 270 nm thick SiO2 anti-reflection film increased the voltage resistance of PCSS by 84% and weakened the peak electric field intensity by 54%. In addition, the use of anti-reflection and high-reflection films increased the photocurrent of PCSS by 96% and reduced the on-state resistance by 49%.
Production of granticin by Streptomyces spp isolated from soil samples
Authors: Razaq Rawaa , A.Taher Nehad 
Published: January 2025

Granaticin, a benzoisochromanequinone (BIQ) produced by streptomyces sp . In this study. 103 soil samples were collected from seven Iraqi provinces. Ten isolates were obtained that inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The Streptomyces isolates are identified by microscopy and morphology. These isolates were diagnosed genetically through the 16s rRNA gene. Five isolates were sent for sequence analysis. After that, the Streptomyces isolates that produced granticin were searched for by means of By changing the color of the producer isolate from red to violet when adding the base NaOH and genetically through the orf-gra 11 gene that encoding to a dTDP-glucose dehydratase enzyme granticin(500bp) by conventional PCR., one isolate was obtained that produced granticin Streptomyces RS18. By examining the inhibition activity of the isolates, the isolate RS18 showed effective inhibition against gram -positive bacteria, and there was no activity for gram-negative bacteria. Further chemical characterization of the local iraqi granticin is very usefull in its pharmaceutical companies.
Polymorphism of Interleukin 1 be Polymorphism of Interleukin 1 beta C31T in blood and tissue patients with breast tumors
Authors: Ali Wurood , Gemeel Frial , Noori Wala 
Published: January 2025

A mass of aberrant tissue is called a tumor. Breast tumors can be classified as either "malignant" or "benign," depending on whether they are malignant or non-cancerous. For the purpose of local immunity research and genetic polymorphism analysis of TLR2, seventy (70) breast tumor biopsy patients who were not receiving chemotherapy were included in the study. As a reference group, fifty (50) blood samples were taken from healthy women. A total of one hundred (100) blood samples from breast tumor patients and thirty samples following treatment were tested for the polymorphism of Interleukin 1 beta C31T, The RFLP-PCR results for the IL-1 beta C31 T gene demonstrated a substantial difference between blood benign and malignant cells, with allele C being a dangerous allele in benign cells at (p – 0.07*). Additionally, the genetic influence of TT was shown to be significantly different in malignant versus benign tissue, with a P value of 0.02*.
Impact Impact of IL35, IL38 on patient infected with COVID-19 on group of fertile and infertile female in Baghdad
Authors: Kadhum Ebtehal , Abood Risan Farhan , jasim mohammed Abdulameer 
Published: January 2025

A class of RNA viruses known as coronaviruses (CoVs) infects humans and other animals. Coronaviruses which are enveloped viruses with large single-strand positive sense RNA genomes and are members of the Coronaviridae family, Studies have also documented the impact of coronaviruses on several organs and systems, such as the kidney, heart, and reproductive system. In addition, compared to men, women are more susceptible to infected with virus. The overwhelming majority of individuals with COVID-19 will have mild to moderate symptoms, however a hyper-inflammation brought on by a high production of chemokines and cytokines may occur in certain infected individuals. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-35 (IL-35) is frequently expressed on the monocyte surface, ( DCs), and macrophages. It is known that regulatory T cells are the only cells that can produce IL-35. CD8+ T cells may expressIL-35, which contributes to immunological suppression(IL38) is a crucial component of host defense and inflammation. It belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family. It is possible that IL-38 has anti-inflammatory characteristics via lowering the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines that macrophages secrete. This study aimed to assess the effects of IL35 and IL38 on fertility in female COVID-19 infected individuals. According to our research, there is a significant relationship between COVID-19 and fertility (p =.008). This shows that each combination of fertility and COVID-19 had discernible differences in IL35 levels, however the interaction impact between fertility and COVID-19 according to IL38 level was not statistically significant (p =0.658). This implies that the IL38 levels were not significantly different for any combination of COVID-19 and fertility. In conclusion, utilizing IL 35 as immunological therapy may be essential to controlling a cytokine storm that develops in female COVID-19 infections. According to the current investigation, female fertility when infected with COVID-19 did not impact serum IL-38 levels.
Exploring the Anticancer and Antioxidant Potential Effects of Sitagliptin: An In Vitro Study on Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Khafaji Ameer , F. Bairam Ahsan , F. Abbas Shaymaa 
Published: January 2025

lung cancer possesses the most significant worldwide mortality rate among all types of tumors, and the majority of current treatments exhibit a broad spectrum of adverse reactions. This requires investigating novel drugs that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors can effectively suppress the growth of cancer cells in several types of malignancies, including colorectal, prostate, and kidney cancers. Hence, this study evaluated the effectiveness of sitagliptin in suppressing the proliferation of lung carcinoma cells (A549) alone as well as in conjunction with cisplatin.
A549 cells were divided into four groups: control (untreated cells), cells treated with cisplatin, cells treated with sitagliptin, and cells treated with cisplatin plus sitagliptin combination (ratio 1:1). After incubation for 72 hours, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was utilized to evaluate cell viability percent and concentration of 50% inhibition for cell viability (IC50) for each group. Then, A549 cells were cultured into four flasks and exposed to the IC50 concentration. The resulting cell pellets were gathered and subjected to lysis to assess the malondialdehyde (MDA) level using ELISA kits.
The vitality of A549 cells was significantly reduced by Sitagliptin therapy compared to the control (P < 0.0001). When the combination of sitagliptin and cisplatin was administered, it exhibited markedly superior anticancer effectiveness compared to their usage alone. Significantly, sitagliptin reduced MDA levels, whether used individually or in combination with cisplatin.
As a result, sitagliptin exhibited significantly anticancer and antioxidant properties against A549 cells. This suggests a possible synergistic anticancer effect with cisplatin.
Molecular Study of Virulence Factors of Candida spp. That Isolated from Cancer Patients
Authors: K. Taiban Zahraa , Kadium Suaad 
Published: January 2025

study of microbes and cancer is considered one of the challenges in sustainable development. Candida is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, which is inclined to infect the host with faulty immune function involving patients with cancer. A growing many of research have shown that Candida infection rise the host's vulnerability to cancer such as colorectal, gastric, and oral cancer. Aim: This investigation demonstrates the isolation and identification of Candida spp. from cancer patients of Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al- Najaf governorate, Method: (51) blood specimens were collected for the preparation of serum.
The serum is cultured on SDA media and the culture is examined for microbial growth, such as culture on SDA media, Chromo agar, microscopic examination, and then by Multiplex- PCR technique. Results: The current investigate showed infection percentage with opportunistic microorganisms was demonstrated as follows: C. tropicalis appeared in 40% in males and 0% in females , C. albicans appeared 10% in males, 5% in females, C. albicans appeared in cancer 10% in males, 5% in females, C. guilliermondii appeared in cancer 0% in males and 2% in females, C. parapsilosis and C. dubliniensis didn’t appear in cancer. In cancer isolates the ALS1 gene was found strongly in C. albicans, and don’t found in C. guillermondii, and weakly appeared in C. tropicalis, and the PLB1gene was found weakly in C. albicans, and don’t found in C. guillermondii, and C. tropicalis. Conclusion: In the normal state, the blood is sterile, but when the immunity is suppressed or weakened as a result of a specific symptom or disease, the whole body and the blood are also vulnerable to any opportunistic microbe that grows and multiplies with it. So the presence of microbes in the blood is a strong indicator of weak immunity in cancer patients to the point of penetration of Candida into the blood. We concluded from our current study that some pathogenic microbes can be isolated from the sera of cancer patients, as some types of Candida were isolated, which include C.albicans, C. tropicalis, ,and C.guillermondii.Our results of this study indicated the capacity of some of Candidia spp. to produced phospholipase enzyme. Not all C. albicans isolates was positive for phospholipase production, we also conclude that some genes of virulence factors don’t necessary to express and Candida can be pathogenic without it.
Clinical Insights into SLE Evaluation of Anti-ds-DNA and Anti-Smith Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease.
Authors: Alsaaidy Hadi , Al-Jameel Dheyaa Shnan Abdulkadhim , Alshibly Alaa Abdlhussein abdulzahra 
Published: January 2025

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease affecting various organs characterized by autoantibodies and multi-organ involvement. SLE frequently includes kidney complications that can significantly worsen outcomes, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate if there is a correlation between CKD development in patients of SLE and the presence of anti-smith and anti-ds-DNA biomarkers. Materials and Methods: A case-control study of 89 SLE patients. They measured anti-Sm and anti-ds-DNA antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Eighty-nine (89) patients were enrolled in this study, The LN was developed in 36 (40%) patients. The average of anti-Sm positivity was 14.28 % in non-CKD LN more than in CKD-LN (9.09%) and SLE (3.77%) groups (LSD=2.067). Anti-ds-DNA positivity was (28.57%) in non-CKD LN, (9.09%) in the CKD-LN group, and (5.66%) in the SLE group (LSD=4.142). They were highly significant in the two LN groups than the SLE group and in the non-CKD LN group than the CKD-LN group (LSD = 0.857, alpha = 0.05). Conclusion: This study discovered that individuals with non-CKD lupus nephritis had notably elevated levels of anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA antibodies compared to patients with CKD-related lupus nephritis and SLE patients without kidney involvement. This suggests that these antibodies may serve as characteristic markers for this particular subset of individuals with lupus nephritis. Moreover, their existence may have an impact on the early phases of the illness, perhaps leading to the development of chronic renal disease in the future.
Advancements in Phytoremediation Techniques for Purification of Industrial Wastewater: A review
Authors: Obaid Wael , Shehab ahmed Enas 
Published: January 2025

Phytoremediation is regarded as an economical and ecologically beneficial approach that has demonstrated efficacy in cleaning up contaminated water and soils. Particularly, phytoremediation is the only approach used for various types of wetlands when applied on a large scale to purify industrial effluent. Nonetheless, most research on the phytoremediation of contaminated water in wetland-type reactors has been done as a black box. The pollutant removal efficiency is the sole criterion used to assess performance, and data available regarding the processes and mechanisms involved in pollutant removal in these systems. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide a quick overview of the fundamental procedures of phytoremediation including characteristics, mechanisms, and microbial and plant Interactions in Rhizoremedation Processes. Furthermore, this chapter covered the difficulties and approaches associated with applying phytoremediation on a large scale, as well as the methods used by aquatic plants to eliminate both organic and inorganic pollutants from water and some examples of its industrial applications.
ANALISIS DAN PEMETAAN KERUSAKAN JALAN DENGAN METODE SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX PADA RUAS JALAN RAYA KEBONAGUNG â€“ JALAN RAYA PEPEN KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Badghey Achmad Chullbuddin , Wibisana Hendrata 
Published: January 2025

Meningkatnya populasi penduduk dan mengakibatkan peningkatan volume lalu lintas yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi konstruksi permukaan jalan, dalam hal ini akan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas jalan kota tersebut. Pada ruas jalan raya kebonagung â€“ jalan raya pepen merupakan jalan utama yang mengalami penurunan kualitas jalan. Berdasarkan pengamatan bahwa metode SDI (surface distress index) baik digunakan dalam menentukan kondisi permukaan jalan pada ruas jalan raya kebonagung â€“ jalan raya pepen dan dilakukan pemetaan menggunakan SIG. Jenis kerusakan yang terdapat pada lokasi penelitian antara lain Retak kotak â€“ kotak, Retak memanjang, Retak kulit buaya, Retak pinggir, Lubang, Bekas roda (alur), Kerusakan tambalan, Kerusakan sungkur, dan Kerusakan amblas. Hasil persentase nilai kerusakan jalan berdasarkan metode SDI untuk luas kerusakan sebesar 1,66% retak kotak â€“ kotak, 2,81% retak memanjang, 3,14% retak kulit buaya, 2,27% retak pinggir, 0,23% lubang, 2,87% bekas roda (alur), 2,03% kerusakan tambalan, 3,65% kerusakan sungkur, dan 0,22% kerusakan amblas. Besar nilai kondisi dengan metode pada ruas Jalan Raya Kebonagung â€“ Jalan Raya Pepen adalah menunjukkan kondisi baik yaitu pada STA 0+000 â€“ 8+100 karena menghasilkan nilai SDI (<50). Dari hasil yang didapatkan seluruh nilai kerusakan berdasarkan metode SDI, maka dilakukan penerapan Sistem Informasi Geografis yaitu membuat peta tematik nilai kerusakan jalan pada ruas Jalan Raya Kebonagung â€“ Jalan Raya Pepen.