bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding r-II Sibling Stars in the Milky Way with the Greedy Optimistic Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Hattori Kohei , Okuno Akifumi , Roederer Ian U. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

R-process enhanced stars with [Eu/Fe] ≥ +0.7 (so-called r-II stars) are believed to have formed in an extremely neutron-rich environment in which a rare astrophysical event (e.g., a neutron-star merger) occurred. This scenario is supported by the existence of an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, Reticulum II, where most of the stars are highly enhanced in r-process elements. In this scenario, some small fraction of dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way were r enhanced. When each r-enhanced dwarf galaxy accreted to the Milky Way, it deposited many r-II stars in the Galactic halo with similar orbital actions. To search for the remnants of the r-enhanced systems, we analyzed the distribution of the orbital actions of N = 161 r-II stars in the solar neighborhood by using Gaia EDR3 data. Since the observational uncertainty is not negligible, we applied a newly developed greedy optimistic clustering method to the orbital actions of our sample stars. We found six clusters of r-II stars that have similar orbits and chemistry, one of which is a new discovery. Given the apparent phase-mixed orbits of the member stars, we interpret that these clusters are good candidates for remnants of completely disrupted r-enhanced dwarf galaxies that merged with the ancient Milky Way.
Rapid Expansion of the Young Type Ia Supernova Remnant 0519–69.0: More Evidence for a Circumstellar Shell
Authors: Guest Benson T. , Borkowski Kazimierz J. , Ghavamian Parviz , Petre Robert , Picquenot Adrien , Reynolds Stephen P. , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Williams Brian J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The nature of Type Ia supernovae remains controversial. The youngest remnants of Ia supernovae hold clues to the explosion and to the immediate surroundings. We present a third epoch of Chandra observations of the ∼600 yr old Type Ia remnant 0519–69.0 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, extending the time baseline to 21 yr from the initial 2000 observations. We find rapid expansion of X-ray emitting material, with an average velocity of 4760 km s−1. At the distance of the LMC, this corresponds to an undecelerated age of 750 yr, with the true age somewhat lower. We also find that the bright ring of emission has expanded by 1.3%, corresponding to a velocity of 1900 km s−1 and an undecelerated age of 1600 yr. The high velocity of the peripheral X-rays, contrasted with the modest expansion of the main X-ray shell, provides further evidence for a massive shell of circumstellar material.
Sporadic Spin-orbit Variations in Compact Multiplanet Systems and Their Influence on Exoplanet Climate
Authors: Chen Howard , Li Gongjie , Paradise Adiv , Kopparapu Ravi K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Climate modeling has shown that tidally influenced terrestrial exoplanets, particularly those orbiting M-dwarfs, have unique atmospheric dynamics and surface conditions that may enhance their likelihood to host viable habitats. However, sporadic libration and rotation induced by planetary interactions, such as those due to mean motion resonances (MMR) in compact planetary systems, may destabilize attendant exoplanets away from synchronized states (1:1 spin-orbit ratios). Here, we use a three-dimensional N-rigid-body integrator and an intermediately complex general circulation model to simulate the evolving climates of TRAPPIST-1 e and f with different orbital- and spin-evolution pathways. Planet f scenarios perturbed by MMR effects with chaotic spin variations are colder and dryer compared to their synchronized counterparts due to the zonal drift of the substellar point away from open ocean basins of their initial eyeball states. On the other hand, the differences between perturbed and synchronized planet e are minor due to higher instellation, warmer surfaces, and reduced climate hysteresis. This is the first study to incorporate the time-dependent outcomes of direct gravitational N-rigid-body simulations into 3D climate modeling of extrasolar planets, and our results show that planets at the outer edge of the habitable zones in compact multiplanet systems are vulnerable to rapid global glaciations. In the absence of external mechanisms such as orbital forcing or tidal heating, these planets could be trapped in permanent snowball states.
The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo
Authors: Tiengo Andrea , Pintore Fabio , Vaia Beatrice , Filippi Simone , Sacchi Andrea , Esposito Paolo , Rigoselli Michela , Mereghetti Sandro , Salvaterra Ruben , Šiljeg Barbara , Bracco Andrea , Bošnjak Željka , Jelić Vibor , Campana Sergio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected that has occurred at low Galactic latitude. Owing to this exceptional combination, its prompt X-ray emission could be detected for weeks in the form of expanding X-ray rings produced by scattering in Galactic dust clouds. We report on the analysis of 20 rings, generated by dust at distances ranging from 0.3 to 18.6 kpc, detected during two X‐ray Multi Mirror (XMM)-Newton observations performed about 2 and 5 days after the GRB. By fitting the spectra of the rings with different models for the dust composition and grain size distribution, we reconstructed the spectrum of the GRB prompt emission in the 0.7–4 keV energy range as an absorbed power law with photon index Γ = 1–1.4 and absorption in the host galaxy N
H,z = (4.1–5.3) × 1021 cm−2. Taking into account the systematic uncertainties regarding the column density of dust contained in the clouds producing the rings, the 0.5–5 keV fluence of GRB 221009A can be constrained between 10−3 and 7 × 10−3 erg cm−2. Both the fluence and the photon index indicate the presence of a possible soft excess with respect to the extrapolation of the main GRB peak observed at higher energies.
Observation of Anomalous Electron Fluxes Induced by GRB221009A on CSES-01 Low-energy Charged Particle Detector
Authors: Battiston R. , Neubüser C. , Follega F. M. , Iuppa R. , Vitale V. , Ammendola R. , Badoni D. , Bartocci S. , Bazzano A. , Beolè S. , Bertello I. , Burger W. J. , Campana D. , Cicone A. , Cipollone P. , Coli S. , Conti L. , Contin A. , Cristoforetti M. , D’Angelo G. , De Angelis F. , De Donato C. , De Santis C. , Diego P. , Di Luca A. , Fiorenza E. , Gebbia G. , Lega A. , Lolli M. , Martino B. , Martucci M. , Masciantonio G. , Mergè M. , Mese M. , Morbidini A. , Nuccilli F. , Nozzoli F. , Oliva A. , Osteria G. , Papini E. , Palma F. , Palmonari F. , Parmentier A. , Panico B. , Perciballi S. , Perfetto F. , Perinelli A. , Picozza P. , Piersanti M. , Pozzato M. , Rebustini G. , Recchiuti D. , Ricci E. , Ricci M. , Rodi J. , Russi A. , Ricciarini S. B. , Sahnoun Z. , Savino U. , Scotti V. , Shen X. , Sotgiu A. , Sparvoli R. , Tofani S. , Ubertini P. , Vertolli N. , Vilona V. , Zannoni U. , Zeren Z. , Zoffoli S. , Zuccon P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
High-energy, long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be generated by the core collapse of massive stars at the end of their lives. When they happen in the close-by universe they can be exceptionally bright, as seen from the Earth in the case of the recent, giant, long-lasting GRB221009A. GRB221009A was produced by a collapsing star with a redshift of 0.152: this event was observed by many gamma-ray space experiments, which also detected an extraordinary long gamma-ray afterglow. The exceptionally large fluence of the prompt emission of about 0.013 erg cm−2 illuminated a large geographical region centered on India and including Europe and Asia. We report in this paper the observation of sudden electron flux changes correlated with GRB221009A and measured by the HEPP-L charged particle detector on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite, which was orbiting over Europe at the time of the GRB event. The time structure of the observed electron flux closely matches the very distinctive time dependence of the photon flux associated with the main part of the emission at around 13:20 UTC on 2022 October 9. To test the origin of these signals, we set up a simplified simulation of one HEPP-L subdetector: the results of this analysis suggest that the signals observed are mostly due to electrons created within the aluminum collimator surrounding the silicon detector, providing real-time monitoring of the very intense photon fluxes. We discuss the implications of this observation for existing and forthcoming particle detectors on low Earth orbits.
Le poivre, fragments d’histoire globale
Authors: Cobb Matthew 
Published: March 2023

Ce chapitre veut montrer que, contrairement aux travaux de recherche précédents qui considèrent les « épices » (parmi d’autres marchandises de l’océan Indien) comme des produits de luxe, le poivre était consommé à une échelle suffisamment vaste (particulièrement dans les centres urbains) pour ne pas tomber d’emblée dans cette catégorie. En partant de l’Édit du Maximum et en le mettant en relation avec des modèles quantitatifs, nous avançons l’idée que le poivre n’atteignait pas un prix prohibitif et que par conséquent les couches « moyennes » de la société romaine pouvaient raisonnablement acquérir ce produit. Le poivre noir n’est pas resté un privilège de l’élite. Cependant, en dépit de sa disponibilité sur le marché et de son coût relativement réduit (par rapport à des produits importés plus cher), sa relation avec l’Inde lui permettait de conserver un caractère exotique ; à ce titre, il pouvait avoir un rôle utile de marqueur social pour ceux qui, par leurs ressources, appartenaient aux couches « moyennes ».
Le poivre, fragments d’histoire globale
Authors: Ducène Jean-Charles 
Published: March 2023

La conquête arabe de l’Égypte n’a pas interrompu le commerce du poivre indien puisqu’un papyrus de 649 en mentionne, transitant sans doute par la mer Rouge. Ce sont cependant surtout les sources littéraires arabes qui en parlent à partir du ix e siècle. À cette époque, il semble que ce soit par le golfe Persique qu’il arrive au Proche-Orient. Les botanistes en distinguent alors trois sortes : le long, le noir et le blanc, et décrivent la nature du poivrier ainsi que les modes de récolte. Bien que l’essentiel des termes concernant cette épice en arabe et en syriaque remonte au sanskrit par le moyen-iranien, dès le milieu du ix e siècle, c’est la côte sud-ouest de l’Inde qui est désignée comme région productrice, parfois aussi les îles de l’Insulinde. Quant à son usage, on retrouve le poivre comme condiment mais aussi en médecine, voire en magie.
Why do emergency department clinicians miss acute aortic syndrome? A case series and descriptive analysis
Authors: McLatchie Rachel , Wilson Sarah , Reed Matthew , Ticehurst Francoise , Easterford Kathryn , Alawiye Salma , Cowan Alicia , Gupta Aakash 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: To understand why the diagnosis of AAS is missed in the ED, and to characterise the presenting features of cases in which a diagnosis of AAS was missed.
Methods: A retrospective case series cohort study was performed, identifying and analysing cases where AAS was misdiagnosed in three UK EDs between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2020.
Results: 43 cases were included, 22 of which were type A aortic dissections. The most common incorrect presumed diagnoses made were acute coronary syndrome (28%), pulmonary embolism (12%) and ‘non-specific chest pain’ (12%). In 31 cases (72%) there was no evidence from the notes that the clinician had considered AAS in the differential diagnosis. In 10 cases (23%), AAS was considered, but the clinician was falsely reassured by atypical or resolved symptoms, clinical examination, or normal chest x-ray.
Conclusions: ED clinicians may miss AAS by not considering it as a possibility, being falsely reassured by atypical or resolved symptoms, or mistaking it for other more common conditions. Further prospective work is necessary to establish the role of diagnostic aids and biomarkers in UK EDs.
Clinical effects of Bifidobacterium as a probiotic on oral health: A systematic review
Authors: Jayachandra M. Y , Gayathiri R. , Aruna C.N. , Bhat Padma K. , Arumugam P.M. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The burden of oral diseases is increasing, which constitute a major public health problem. The use of probiotics as an adjuvant, along with routine dental care practice by an individual, can produce additional benefits in the maintenance of one's oral health. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium as a probiotic on oral health.

Material and Methods:
Six databases and registers were searched from the start of the database to December 2021 without any restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effects of Bifidobacterium as a probiotic on oral health were included in the study. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review. The included studies were analyzed for the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trial (RoB 2) tool as well as quality of available evidence using GRADE criteria.

Results:
From the 22 qualified studies, four studies showed non-significant results. There was a high risk of bias in 13 studies and some concerns of bias in nine studies. No adverse effects were reported, and the quality of available evidence was moderate.

Conclusion:
The effect of Bifidobacterium on oral health is questionable. Further high-quality RCTs are required on the clinical effects of bifidobacteria and also the optimum level of probiotic needed, and ideal mode of administration to provide oral health benefits. Furthermore, synergistic effects of the combined use of various strains of probiotics need to be studied.
Lithium metasilicate glass-ceramic fabrication using spark plasma sintering
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad , Nejatidanesh Farahnaz , Savabi Omid , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The digital dentistry, requires materials with wo opposite properties of machining ability and also enough hardness. The main objective of this experimental study was to investigate the fabrication feasibility of the lithium metasilicate glass-ceramic in partially crystalized stated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, SPS for the first time was used to fabricate primary lithium metasilicate glass-ceramic (LMGC) blocks. The raw materials were mixed and melted and then quenched in water and the resulted frits were grinded. The resulting powder was sintered by SPS at 660, 680, and 700°C.

Results:
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vicker's microhardness assay were used to evaluate the properties of samples. Statistical comparison of the obtained data was performed by ANOVA, followed by the post hoc test of Duncan. Microstructural studies by SEM and XRD showed that all samples were composed of lithium metasilicate phase in a glassy matrix. With increasing the sintering temperature, the number and size of lithium metasilicate particles increased and higher mechanical properties have been achieved. However, the sintered sample at 700°C has less processing ability than the samples sintered at 660 and 680°C.

Conclusion:
The optimum sintering temperature for glass frit consolidation was determined by SPS at 680°C.
Web design software to record the characteristics of children with cleft palate/cleft lip
Authors: Irani Soussan , Miresmaeili Amirfahang , Hamadani Hamed Shahidi 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are among the most common birth defects in the craniofacial region affected by various environmental and genetic factors. The prevalence of these abnormalities varies in races and countries. Therefore, it is a necessity to design a website to register newborns with CL ± CP in Iran. This study aimed to design a website to record the characteristics of children with CL ± CP.

Materials and Methods:
First, a website was designed to register the characteristics of children with CL ± CP. To evaluate the accuracy of the website, the characteristics of all children (n = 31) with CL ± CP were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Due to the capability of the website to print and create reports in Excel format, the data of registered patients were analyzed.

Conclusion:
As CL ± CP are very common defects around the world including Iran, it is necessary to design a website to record all information about these children in Iran. Hope this website helps the public health authorities to improve program effectiveness to treat these children.
The salivary alpha-amylase concentration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A case–control study
Authors: Pakravan Fahimeh , Isfahani Mehdi Nasr , Ghorbani Mateen , Salesi Naghmeh , Salesi Mansour 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have reported an association between stress and salivary alpha-amylase. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of salivary alpha-amylase in patients with RA (by elimination of stress factor).

Materials and Methods:
In this case–control study, we enrolled 50 patients with RA and 48 healthy patients as the control group. The perceived stress scale questionnaire was used to evaluate scores of stress in both case and control groups, and then the participants with high scores of stress were excluded from the study. Moreover, the alpha-amylase activity kit was used for the assessment of the levels of salivary alpha-amylase. In all analyses, the significance level was considered to be < 0.05. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS22.

Results:
Our results indicated a high score of stress in the case group (19.42 ± 5.83 units) compared with the control group (18.02 ± 6.07 units) which was not statistically significant (P < 0.248). Moreover, we demonstrated a high salivary alpha-amylase concentration in the case group (340.65 ± 38.04 units) compared to the control group (302.62 ± 58.72 units), which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of this method, at >312 alpha-amylase concentrations, were 80% and 46%, respectively.

Conclusion:
In general, we indicated that the alpha-amylase concentration in patients with RA is higher than the healthy controls, and can be used as a codiagnostic factor.
Tapered optical fiber DNA biosensor for detecting Leptospira DNA
Authors: Lam Jia-Yong , Yaacob Mohd Hanif , Chee Hui-Yee 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To establish a DNA detection platform based on a tapered optical fiber to detect Leptospira DNA by targeting the leptospiral secY gene.

Methods:
The biosensor works on the principle of light propagating in the special geometry of the optical fiber tapered from a waist diameter of 125 to 12 µm. The fiber surface was functionalized through a cascade of chemical treatments and the immobilization of a DNA capture probe targeting the secY gene. The presence of the target DNA was determined from the wavelength shift in the optical transmission spectrum.

Results:
The biosensor demonstrated good sensitivity, detecting Leptospira DNA at 0.001 ng/µL, and was selective for Leptospira DNA without cross-reactivity with non-leptospiral microorganisms. The biosensor specifically detected DNA that was specifically amplified through the loop-mediated isothermal amplification approach.

Conclusions:
These findings warrant the potential of this platform to be developed as a novel alternative approach to diagnose leptospirosis.
Initial Results of Halifax Nail in Elderly Intertrochanteric Fracture
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Das Joydeep , Majhi Phagu Ram , Raman Rajeev 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Variety of implants (extramedullary and intramedullary) are available to fix intertrochanteric (IT) fracture but hardly any data is available that proves the superiority of one over other. Every implant is having its own advantage and disadvantages. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of Halifax nail in age group of 60 to 100 year age group.

Materials and Methods:
Total 15 cases of intertrochanteric fracture operated using Halifax nail in which youngest patient was 60 years male and oldest was 95 years female.13 cases operated in same hospital and 2 in two different hospitals. These patient were chosen randomly among elderly IT fracture admitted in hospital during August 2017 to January 2019. Results are analyze in term of Mobilization, pain control, union time, implant failure. Final outcome was evaluated as per Harris Hip Score.

Result:
Among 15 cases,13 follow up available, 2 patient were lost in follow up after natural death. Out of 13 patients (n = 13), 7 showed excellent, 5 showed good and one patient showed poor result as per Harris Hip Score.

Conclusion:
Results of Halifax nail for IT fractures in elderly was found to be highly encouraging. All patients had early union and none had implant failure. Early mobilization and negligible mortality and morbidity were other added advantages.
Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided versus Anatomical Landmark-Guided Approach for Perineural Steroid Infiltration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Rathoor Sonika , Gupta Anil Kumar , Kumar Dileep , Yadav Ganesh 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), a compressive neuropathy is usually managed by conservative treatment and/or decompressive surgery. Minimally invasive perineural steroid injections have been shown to be very effective in early-onset CTS. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound (USG)-guided steroid injection over anatomical landmark-guided approach in CTS.

Methodology and Results:
Eighty-four consecutive Stage I-II primary CTS patients enrolled between August 2017 and December 2018 were randomised prospectively into two groups in 1:1 fashion. In Group I, anatomical landmark guided and in Group II, USG guided 1 ml steroid (40 mg methylprednisolone) was injected perineurally. Symptom and functional assessments were done using Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at 3, 6 and 12 weeks’ follow-up. Significant improvement was seen in BCTQ and VAS scores of both groups at 3 weeks follow-up. At subsequent follow-ups (at 6 and 12 weeks), marked improvement of BCTQ and VAS scores in USG-guided group was observed.

Conclusion:
USG-guided perineural steroid injections had early-onset significant and sustained symptom reduction and functional improvement at 6- and 12-weeks follow-up when compared to anatomical landmark-guided approach with both the techniques being equally safe.