bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women and Diabetes
Authors: Suri Monika , Mahajan Payal 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes is 53.1% in India as reported by the International Diabetes Federation in 10th Diabetes Atlas 2021. Diabetes is affecting people of all ages and gender. Very high prevalence of abdominal obesity and large percentage of women in Haryana with elevated body mass index (BMI) make it crucial to screen them for type 2 diabetes. Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a proven tool to identify the people at risk of becoming diabetic in future. Early detection and primary prevention are the most effective ways to prevent the rising numbers among women.

Objective:
This study was conceived to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes in young working women (25–40 years) using the IDRS tool.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was followed through with 504 working females in the age bracket 25–40 years. Data were taken down using a structured questionnaire administered through personal interview procedure. Demographics and parameters listed in IDRS such as age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, and physical activity were itemized in the questionnaire. A purposive random sampling procedure was utilized for getting the numbers. Known cases of diabetes and subjects who refused to sign informed consent were excluded from the survey.

Results:
About 504 working women completed the survey questionnaire. IDRS scores revealed 18%, 53%, and 29% of the subjects in high-, moderate-, and low-risk brackets, respectively. Waist circumference, sedentary lifestyle, family history, and age were found to be significantly associated with the risk level.

Conclusion:
The research study brings forward the need for early detection though screening of young women at risk of becoming diabetic in future and necessary steps for primary prevention for the same. It remains imperative to device a comprehensive communication strategy for responsive transitional progression from high risk to absolute healthiness among the young working women.
Association of Circulatory Adiponectin with the Parameters of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation-Indian Diabetes Risk Score
Authors: Khan Mohd D. , Ahmad Mohammad K. , Alam Roshan , Khan Saba , Jaiswal Geeta , Khan Mohammad M. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Adiponectin (APN) is an adipose-derived protein. It has shown a variety of functions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, antidiabetic, and insulin-sensitizing and lipid-oxidation-enhancing activities. The APN levels have shown a significant relationship with the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As per the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation-Indian Diabetes Risk Score (MDRF-IDRS), Asian Indians have high risk factors for T2DM and its complications. APN levels influence the risk factors for T2DM and its complications. Its circulatory level also varied with the age, family history of T2DM, waist circumference, and level of physical activity.

Aim:
The purpose of this narrative review is to find the association of circulatory APN with the parameters of MDRS-IDRS.

Materials and Methods:
Articles were searched by various databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Abstract, free full-text, and full-text articles were searched from the year 2003 to 2022. For this review, observational study, original articles, narrative review, systematic review, and meta-analysis articles published in the English language were included. It is needed to establish the association between the APN levels and the parameters of MDRF-IDRS. The modifiable risk factors of MDRF-IDRS may play a significant role to regulate the level of APN. The non-modifiable risk factors of MDRF-IDRS may help in the better management of APN levels and reduce the prevalence of T2DM. It is needed to clear that the APN levels influence the disease severities or not. It is also needed to improve the physical activity to regulate the APN level and to reduce the systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in Asian Indian population.

Conclusion:
Improvement in modifiable risk factors of MDRF-IDRS and level of APN may play a significant role in the therapeutic approach to prevent and/or delay the development of T2DM and its complications.
A Study of Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus and Their Association with HbA1C Among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Bellary Vaibhav S. , Shetty Satyanarayana N. , Bellary Srinivas O. , Rao Nishkala U. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing significantly throughout the world. While the vascular complications of diabetes are well recognized and account for the principle mortality and morbidity from the condition, the musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes are common and not life-threatening, which are an important cause for morbidity, pain, and disability. The most common reported forms of various musculoskeletal manifestations of DM include adhesive capsulitis, hand syndromes such as limited joint mobility syndrome (LJMS), Dupuytren’s contracture (DC), and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), flexor tenosynovitis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), Charcot’s joints, diabetic amyotrophy (DA), and osteoarthritis.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on a total of 150 patients with type 2 DM for a duration of at least 5 years in Bangalore during the study period from January 2020 to June 2021. The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study after obtaining informed consent. Detailed history was taken and general physical examination was done to determine the musculoskeletal manifestations of DM. The Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was also completed as per the patient’s responses. Laboratory reports were collected, data compiled, and the data were analyzed.

Results:
Of the 150 cases enrolled, the maximum number of cases belonged to the age group of 36–50 years. About 64% of the diabetic cases were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (LMJS, CTS, shoulder capsulitis, DC, trigger finger, DISH, DA). Among the MSDs, the highest prevalence was by LJMS (28%). There was a positive correlation among the duration of diabetes, HbA1C, and the DASH score among patients with MSDs in this study and this is statistically significant (P < 0.05). We also see that MSDs are present in 72.7% of the females and 57.1% of the males in the study and this was statistically significant (P = 0.048).

Conclusion:
MSDs have a high prevalence in diabetic patients. With advancing age and uncontrolled HbA1C levels, the number of MSDs was more as well as the severity as indicated by the DASH score. Early and better glycemic control in diabetic patients can reduce the morbidity associated with MSDs as evidenced by the reduced intensity of DASH score in well-controlled patients.
Incidence and Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancers by p16 Expression
Authors: Nagarajan Murugaiyan , Banu Ramesh , Radha Ananthakrishnan , Saranya Sasikala 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Head-and-neck cancers are one of the most common cancers in the Indian subcontinent. The rising incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV), especially in oropharyngeal cancers is likely to increase the burden by many folds. Hence, we decided to study the incidence of HPV in oropharyngeal carcinoma and its characteristics.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx registered in our hospital between September 2018 and July 2020 were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. A total of 60 patients were included in the study. The evaluation of HPV status was done by immunohistochemistry for p16 expression.

Results:
The median age of presentation was 60 years (range: 38–85 years). Fifty-four patients were male and six patients were female. The incidence of HPV in oropharyngeal carcinoma was 21.7% (n = 13). There was no difference seen when we compare HPV-positive patients with HPV-negative patients as well as with the entire study population for the demographic characteristics such as age (P = 0.569), gender (P = 0.754), smoker (P = 0.368), history of alcohol consumption (P = 0.558), and history of tobacco chewing (P = 0.781). We did not find any association between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients with anatomical subsites (P = 0.369), tumor stage (P = 0.397), and nodal stage (P = 0.592). HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) patients presented more at early stage as compared to HPV-negative patients (P = 0.005). HPV-positive patients had higher incidence of histological poor differentiation than HPV-negative patients (P = 0.024).

Conclusion:
The study highlighted the incidence of HPV (21.7%) among OPSCC patients using p16 expression. HPV-positive patients have propensity for early stage of presentation and histological poor differentiation. The demographic characteristics and anatomical subsites of OPSCC had no impact on HPV status.
A Chatbot Intent Classifier for Supporting High School Students
Authors: Assayed Suha Khalil , Shaalan Khaled , Alkhatib Manar 
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION: An intent classification is a challenged task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) as we are asking the machine to understand our language by categorizing the users’ requests. As a result, the intent classification plays an essential role in having a chatbot conversation that understand students’ requests.
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we developed a novel chatbot called “HSchatbot” for predicting the intent classifications from high school students’ enquiries. Evidently, students in high schools are the most concerned among all students about their future; thus, in this stage they need an instant support in order to prepare them to take the right decision for their career choice.
METHODS: The authors in this study used the Multinomial Naive-Bayes and Random Forest classifiers for predicting the students’ enquiries, which in turn improved the performance of the classifiers by using the feature’s extractions.
RESULTS: The results show that the random forest classifier performed better than Multinomial Naive-Bayes since the performance of this model is checked by using different metrics like accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score. Moreover, all showed high accuracy scores exceeding 90% in all metrics. However, the accuracy of Multinomial Naive-Bayes classifier performed much better when using CountVectorizers compared to using the TF-IDF.
CONCLUSION: In the future work, the results will be analysed and investigated in order to figure out the main factors that affect the performance of Multinomial Naive-Bayes classifier, as well as evaluating the model with using a large corpus of students’ questions and enquiries.
Preparation, spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetry and DFT/TD-DFT studies on fluorescein charge transfer complex for photonic applications
Authors: A. Alkathiri Ali , A. Atta A. , S. Refat Moamen , A. Altalhi Tariq , Shakya Sonam , Alsawat Mohammed , Majid A. Adam Abdel , A.M. Mersal Gaber , M. Hassanien A. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. The solid charge transfer (CT) complexes of fluorescein (Flu) with definite acceptors (tetrafluoro para benzoquinone (Fla); 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ); 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and iodine) were prepared. Several characteristic analytic procedures such as transmission (FT-IR), diffuse reflectance, UV-Vis absorption, and cyclic voltammetry were used to determine the structural and optical properties of the prepared fluorescein charge transfer complex. Kubelka Munk model (K-M) and the absorption spectral fitting (ASF) methods were used to obtain the optical transitions of the solid fluorescein charge transfer complex and fluorescein CT complexes in methanol solution. The cyclic voltammetry method has been presented as capable of obtaining valuable information on quasi-reversible redox systems in the fluorescein CT-complexes. The electrochemical gap of the fluorescein CT complex was successfully determined from the cyclic voltammetry technique. Theoretical calculations (density functional theory) were made to corroborate experimental results for the synthesized CT complexes.

KEY WORDS: Fluorescein charge transfer complex, Optical spectroscopy, Cyclic voltammetry
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 515-532.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.19
Green synthesis of silicon dioxide nanoparticles and L arginine@silicon dioxide nano- composites using cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi along with biological evaluation
Authors: Mojaddami Ayyub , Chamkouri Hossein , Chamkouri Narges , Koolivand Zahra , Panahimehr Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. The recent research focused on the green synthesis of silicon dioxide nanoparticles, SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites, and L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites using cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi as a new green polymeric surfactant. The structures of nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized by different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Nanoparticles and nanocomposites were utilized to determine the concentration of chromium, cadmium, and lead in COVID-19 patients using double-vortex-ultrasonic assisted surfactant enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Mean recoveries of chromium, cadmium, and lead were obtained in the range of 86-98% with relative standard deviations below 4%. The advantages of the proposed method are green and novel polymer surfactant with low detection limit. Finally, antibacterial activities were investigated. The maximum inhibition zone of L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites was obtained for Staphylococcus Aureus (21.9±0.4 mm). L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites have low cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cells. These results indicated the potential ability of L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites in the determination of metal concentrations in biological samples along with good antibacterial properties and cytotoxic properties.

KEY WORDS: Green synthesis, Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi, Silicon dioxide nanoparticles, COVID-19, Biological activity

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 265-276.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.2
Ascorbic acid content and the antioxidant activity of common fruits commercially available in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Belete Andargie , Yisak Hagos , Singh Chandravanshi Bhagwan , Ele Yaya Estifanos 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. The present work was aimed to determine the contents of ascorbic acid and the antioxidant activity of eight types of common fruits commercially available in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using iodometric titration and UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods, respectively. The contents of ascorbic acid were found in the range 15.41 mg/100 g in grapes to 78.01 mg/100 g in papaya. The antioxidant activity was found highest in papaya (89.41) and lowest in water melon (31.28) in mg of ascorbic acid equivalent per 100 g of the edible part of fruit juice. The calibration curve of ascorbic acid was in the range 50 - 3.125 mg/L with R2 = 0.9994. The results also revealed the strong correlation (r = 0.863) between ascorbic acid contents in fruits and their antioxidant activity. Using the optimized conditions, UV-Vis spectrophotometric method with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil assay allows determination of antioxidant activity of fruits with limit of detection 0.32 mg/L and limit of quantification 0.96 mg/L. The precision was in the acceptable range (relative standard deviation, RSD < 20%) for determination of ascorbic acid and < 10% for antioxidant activity determination. The recovery of ascorbic acid was between 85% and 113% for selected fruits showing good accuracy of the results.

KEY WORDS: Fruits, Ascorbic acid contents, Antioxidant activity, Free radical scavengers, Iodometric titration, UV-Vis spectrophotometry

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 277-288.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.3
Occupational Therapy Role in Improving Health and Slowing down age-related declines: A systematic review
Authors: Nshimiyimana Joseph , Kanyoni Maurice , Muhigirwa Jean Claude 
Published: December 2022

Background
From a global perspective, aging people from 60 years and over were 962 million in 2017 and it is expected to reach 2.1 billion by 2050. When elderly people are not engaged in daily life, they become physically, socially and mentally impaired. The occupation-based interventions in elderly people improve their health and self-satisfaction in daily activities.
Objective
The aim was to analyse the role of Occupational Therapy in improving health and slowing down age-related declines.
Methods
The study was a systematic review of literature. Information on Occupational Therapy interventions was systematically searched from Cochrane library, MEDLINE and EMBASE database publications. The selection process of the studies was documented using PRISMA guidelines for intervention protocols.
Results
Literature search yielded 68 titles of relevant records. Of these five studies met inclusion criteria. One study explored the difference between group intervention and individual intervention; the results favoured group intervention. Comparison of Inter-professional approach with Occupational Therapy, the results favoured inter-professional practice in this population.
Conclusions
Occupational Therapy interventions seem to be effective in slowing down age related declines. However due to the heterogeneity in the intervention procedures, and duration of intervention, we suggest rigorous RCTS be undertaken to confirm that OT interventions delay age related declines.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):350-360
Revisiting early online learning experiences amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Benefits, barriers, and impact on pharmacy student learning outcomes
Authors: Rahem Abdul , Syahrir Ach , Ismail Hasan , Hermansyah Andi 
Published: December 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) imposed dramatic changes on pharmacy education. On-campus educational activities were suspended and transformed into online learning. Several studies reported experiences with online learning, yet few evaluated overall student acceptance and achievement of online learning.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the benefits, barriers, pharmacy student learning achievement, and their recommendation towards an online learning model.
Methods: A survey was conducted among 1,658 pharmacy students from 28 provinces in Indonesia using an online questionnaire that passed validity and reliability testing. Descriptive analyses were conducted subsequently.
Results: Of the total sample, 85% viewed that online learning was the compelling option to continue education due to the COVID-19 travel restriction. Poor internet connectivity was the most relevant hurdle reported by two-thirds of respondents. Learning achievement was negatively affected, as the majority reported poor ability to understand the course material from lectures and laboratory practicum. In addition, the lack of class engagement was evident as students and lecturers were not prepared and adapted for virtual interaction.
Conclusion: Online learning is a feasible method in the short term as it is practical and prevents COVID-19’s spread. However, this may be problematic in the longer term since it has negatively affected students’ overall performance. Some improvements can be undertaken, such as creating an engaging discussion during virtual teaching in combination with investments in better internet networks and computer access.
Online Education amid COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Kalsoom B. Sumra , Mumtaz Muhammad , Dahir Mohamed Nasra , Haseeb Abdul , Ansari Sarfaraz Hussain 
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study is to examine the main constraints experienced in the online mode of education during this pandemic at higher education level in Pakistan. The COVID-19 pandemic credibly transformed the method of learning and teaching from face to face to online. In unexpected sudden septicity, universities in Pakistan have started online education without proper instructional provision and relevant experience. For this purpose, the data is collected from 750 students and teachers across all over the regions in Pakistan. The study has used partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that technological bottlenecks, institutional preparedness, and digital divide are significant challenges. The differences in perceptions of rural and urban areas are also very important referring to several policies implications, implementing information communication technology (ICT), friendly curriculums, enhancing online accessibility and infrastructure development. This study contributes to help universities for developing effective e-learning policies for students in the situation of COVID-19.
From little things big things grow: Enhancing literacy learning for secondary students in rural and regional Australia
Authors: Clary Deidre , Feez Susan , Garvey Amanda , Partridge Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Overall, the educational achievement of rural and regional students is lower than that of students elsewhere. To address uneven student achievement, a regional NSW high school, in collaboration with the local university, adopted a whole school approach to literacy teaching and learning. The literacy pedagogy adopted by the school has been applied to meet the specific literacy demands of each learning area. How teachers implementing the pedagogy have been supported by a school-university partnership is documented in this paper. A key outcome of the professional learning is that teachers in years 7 and 8 are expected to develop a language shared with colleagues and students for talking about the literacy demands of the learning areas so literacy knowledge and skills gained in one learning area can be applied in other learning areas.
Key words: Literacy teaching and learning, literacy pedagogy, school-university partnerships
Bringing people together while learning apart: Creating online learning environments to support the needs of rural and remote students
Authors: Parkes Mitchell , Gregory Sue , Fletcher Peter , Adlington Rachael , Gromik Nicolas 
Published: December 2022

This paper has presented an analysis of the perceptions and actions of five Information Communication Technology (ICT) Education lecturers, at the University of New England (UNE), concerning issues associated with the online teaching to students in rural and remote areas. The authors reflect upon the strategies that support these models and discuss how these may in turn provide students with firsthand experiences to develop transferable skills and knowledge to create their own motivating and engaging online learning activities and environments.
Key words: Rural education, online teaching, online engagement