bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Blood Markers of Inflammation Predict Mortality and Functional Decline in High‐Functioning Community‐Dwelling Older Persons
Authors: Reuben David B. , Cheh Anna I. , Harris Tamara B. , Ferrucci Luigi , Rowe John W. , Tracy Russell P. , Seeman Teresa E. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES: Several peripheral blood markers of inflammation have demonstrated prognostic ability, but the value of combining multiple markers as a measure of inflammatory burden remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic value of combining four peripheral blood measures of inflammation in healthy older persons.DESIGN: Inception cohort study with 7 years of follow‐up.SETTING: Three communities.PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred seventy high‐functioning subjects aged 70 to 79 who had serum albumin, cholesterol, interleukin (IL)‐6, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels measured at baseline.MEASUREMENTS: Three‐ and 7‐year mortality and Rosow‐ Breslau functional decline.RESULTS: A summary score was created that assigned one point each for the following blood levels: albumin <3.8 g/dL, cholesterol <170 mg/dL (bottom decile), IL‐6>3.8 pg/mL (top tertile), and CRP>2.65 mg/L (top tertile). By 3 years, 6% of subjects had died, and, by 7 years, 23% had died. In subjects with three or four markers of inflammation, the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for 3‐ and 7‐year mortality were 6.6 and 3.2, respectively, compared with those who had no abnormal markers. Subjects with one or two markers were at more moderate and statistically insignificant increased risk of 3‐ and 7‐year mortality with AORs of 1.5 and 1.3, respectively. The risks for functional decline at 3‐ and 7‐years were generally small (AOR = 1.1–1.9) and not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: In high‐functioning older persons, a measure of inflammation can identify those at a much higher risk of mortality and a possibly higher risk of functional decline. Whether therapies directed at reducing inflammation can attenuate such risk remains to be determined.
Analysis of the reaction He++He+He→He+2+He
Authors: Russell J. E. 
Published: July 2002

The Wigner–Keck Monte Carlo trajectory method is employed to calculate the rate coefficient k for He+ ions recombining in gaseous helium at temperatures in the range 80&lt;T&lt;320 K. The attractive (repulsive) He+2 interaction is approximated by the sum of a Morse (anti-Morse) potential and a term taking into account the long range ion–induced dipole interaction. The relevant three body interaction is represented by an expression that is, in effect, an approximation to a simple variational calculation. This expression depends on the same parameters that specify the He+2 interactions. A method is devised for sampling points on the Wigner–Keck surface that permits the determination of a value of k to within a statistical error of about 10% by computing less than 1600 trajectories, of which less than 500 represent actual formation of a He+2 molecule. The computed values of k are found to be in fair agreement with experimental results obtained by Biondi and his collaborators. The temperature dependence is reproduced rather satisfactorily, but the magnitude is 10% to 20% too low. The computed values of k are found to be fairly insensitive to reasonable variations in the behavior of the two and
three body potentials. In particular, the results are found to be totally insensitive to the behavior of the three body potential if more than one of the internuclear separations are relatively small. It is also found that long range ion–induced dipole forces, while playing a very important role, do not appear to dominate the recombination process to quite the extent that had apparently been assumed in some previous investigations. The results generally support a model proposed by Mahan, who had suggested that charge transfer is the mechanism primarily responsible for the reaction. It is suggested that the remaining discrepancy with experiment might be largely due to the formation of highly excited quasibound states by inward tunneling through the rotational barrier, which is a mechanism that had originally been proposed by Dickinson et al. as the dominant one in He+ recombination. Some qualitative arguments are presented that indicate that this mechanism, which is not taken into account by classical trajectory calculations, might be less important than had originally been thought.
The infrared spectra of NH3⋅H2O and ND3⋅D2O at 100 K
Authors: Bertie John E. , Shehata Mohamed R. 
Published: July 2002

The infrared spectra of ND3⋅D2O and hydrogen or deuterium impurity in NH3⋅H2O or ND3⋅D2O at 100 K are reported for the first time. Their interpretation is aided by a D2h pseudosymmetry caused by the heavy atoms being nearly coplanar in the P212121, D42, crystal. No evidence of the possible disorder of the hydrogen atoms is observed. Oriented gas model calculations gave the approximate relative intensities of the unit cell components of the molecular vibrations. The site splitting and correlation splitting are comparable for ν3 and, probably, ν4 of ammonia; three unit cell components are observed instead of the six predicted under D2, three components being calculated to have near-zero intensity. The symmetric deformation of ammonia, ν2, yields two unit cell modes with significant intensity, separated by 37 cm−1 for NH3 and 23 cm−1 for ND3. The isotope frequency ratio for ν2 is lower than
for any other mode, so this large splitting must be due to intermolecular coupling, probably transition dipolar in origin. The two strong νOH (HDO) absorptions are 140 cm−1 further apart than the two strong νOH (H2O) absorptions, a surprising result because intramolecular coupling is negligible because νO–H⋅⋅⋅N is ∼400 cm−1 below νO–H⋅⋅⋅O. In contrast, νOD (D2O) yields four strong absorptions approximately centered with respect to the two strong νOD (HDO) absorptions. The O–D⋅⋅⋅N doublet is due to the B1 and B2 unit cell group components, the B3 component being too weak to see, as is the case for ν2 of ammonia. The corresponding O–H⋅⋅⋅N doublet is unresolved. Use of the O–D⋅⋅⋅O–D′interaction force constant of the ice phases, −0.10 mdyn Å−1, and oriented gas model calculations of the relative intensities shows that the O–D⋅⋅⋅O bands at 2390 and 2459 cm−1 are due to the in-phase (B3) and out-of-phase (B2) motions of the two O–D bonds in each chain of water molecules in each unit cell. In NH3⋅H2O the out-of-phase O–H⋅⋅⋅O vibration interacts, probably with 2ν4 of ammonia, and its intensity is dissipated among several weak features. We are unable to explain the difference between the coupled and uncoupled O–H⋅⋅⋅N frequencies, 2887 and 2825 cm−1, in NH3⋅H2O. The bending mode of water is tentatively assigned at 1696, 1467, and 1243 cm−1 for H2O, HOD, and D2O, respectively. The lattice absorptions are assigned to rotational or translational motion. The rotational modes of ammonia are assigned to the B1, B2, and B3 unit cell modes that have significant intensity.
H+ClCN→HCl+CN: Product excitations and reaction mechanism at Ec.m. ≂21.6 kcal mol−1
Authors: de Juan J. , Callister S. , Reisler H. , Segal G. A. , Wittig C. 
Published: July 2002

Nascent CN(X 2Σ) rovibrational and kinetic energy distributions have been obtained for the title reaction using laser induced fluorescence, and regions of the HClCN potential energy surface appropriate to the observed HCl+CN channel, as well as the HCN+Cl and HNC+Cl channels, have been calculated ab initio at the MP4/3-21G* level. The CN spectator has low internal excitation; the average fractions of the available energy deposited in CN vibration and rotation are 〈 fV(CN)〉 ∼0 and 〈 fR(CN)〉 =0.06, respectively, with the rotational distribution corresponding to a temperature of ∼950 K. Sub-Doppler resolution spectroscopy on several CN B 2Σ←X 2Σ transitions provides an average value for the fraction of the available energy appearing as center-of-mass kinetic energy, 〈 fT〉 =0.33, as well as approximate kinetic energy distributions for specific CN V,R levels. Since the kinetic energy distributions are for specific CN levels, the corresponding HCl internal energy distributions are obtained by energy conservation, and the experimental results indicate a vibrational population inversion in HCl. Product energy disposal is similar to that of many ‘‘light+heavy–heavy’’ systems which exhibit repulsive energy release and which prefer end-on rather than broadside
entrance channels. The dominant reaction pathways are probably HCN+Cl and HNC+Cl, with HCl+CN being minor. Because of the competitiveness between the chemically distinct product channels, the entrance channel associated with the observed products is more stereospecifically constrained than for a similar reaction which has a single set of products. The ab initio calculations suggest that end-on encounters can be reactive, thus accounting for the observed channel. A local minimum exists for a three-center structure involving hydrogen, chlorine, and carbon, and the barrier from here to HCN+Cl is small. Broadside approaches give rise to HCN+Cl, and we therefore surmise that the observed products derive predominantly from encounters in which the H atom approaches the chlorine over a modest range of angles and impact parameters. Linear approaches at the nitrogen end of the molecule are unreactive at the energies of the present experiments. However, there is a cis transition state leading to HNC+Cl which is low enough to participate in the overall chemistry. Thus, the ab initio calculations are consistent with the experimental observations, and suggest that the title reaction is a minor channel, and that CN+HCl is produced by direct reaction via attack at the chlorine.
Strongly bound multiply excited states of B+2 and B2
Authors: Bruna Pablo J. , Wright James S. 
Published: July 2002

The potential curves, transition energies (Te), and spectroscopic constants (Re, ωe) of several low-lying electronic states of B+2 and selected doubly excited states of B2 are given. The data have been obtained by using a multireference single- and double-excitation (MRD) configuration interaction (CI) approach and a triple-zeta plus polarization AO basis set. The B+2 ground state, which is found here to be X 2Σ+g, shows a rather shallow potential curve (Re =4.015 bohr, ωe =423 cm−1) when compared with that of X 3Σ−g of B2(Re =3.00 bohr, ωe =1051 cm−1, exptl.). The first excited state of B+2, namely 1 2Πu, lies at Te =0.30 eV. Moreover, double excitations relative to X 2Σ+g are essential for the description of a large number of excited states, such as σuσg→π2u(1 4Σ−u, 1 2Σ−u, 1 2Δu, 1 2Σ+u) and σ2u→π2u(1 4Σ−g,
1 2Σ−g, 1 2Δg, 1 2Σ+g). Similarly, 2 2Πu arises from the triple excitation σ2uσg→π3u. In the same order as given above, such multiple excitations lead to a significant gain in bond strength (i.e., shorter Re, larger ωe) as a result of the simultaneous depopulation and population of strongly antibonding and bonding MOs, respectively. For neutral B2, similar features are observed for the excitation σ2u→π2u relative to X3Σ−g (leading to 3 1Σ+g) and 1 3Πu (leading to 2 3Πu). As a result of the loss of the two πu electrons, the ground state dissociation energy
(De) of B+2(X 2Σ+g), with a calculated value of 1.94 eV, is about 1.12 eV smaller than the experimental De of B2 (X 3Σ−g).
Vibrational dynamics of the bifluoride ion. II. Adiabatic separation and proton dynamics
Authors: Epa V. C. , Thorson W. R. 
Published: July 2002

Vibrational dynamics of the bifluoride ion FHF−, which exhibits strongly anharmonic and nonseparable vibrations, is studied using the extended ab initio model potential surface described in the first paper of this series. Adiabatic separation of the proton motion from the F–F (ν1) motion forms a zero-order basis for description, although strong coupling of adiabatic states by the ν1 motion is important in higher vibrational levels and must be considered to understand the spectrum. The adiabatic protonic eigenstates at F–F separations R from 3.75 to 6.40 a.u. have been determined using the self-consistent field approximation in prolate spheroidal coordinates to provide a basis set for configuration interaction expansion of the exact eigenstates. 78 SCF eigenstates (21 σg, 21 σu, 21 πu, and 15 πg) were computed by ‘‘exact’’ numerical solution of the SCF equations.
The adiabatic CI eigenstates are shown to be converged in energy to better than 1.0 cm−1 for the ground state of each symmetry type and usually better than 10 cm−1 for the lowest three to five states, and pass critical tests of accuracy such as the Hellmann–Feynman theorem. The resulting CI potential energy curves closely resemble corresponding SCF energy curves and justify the concept of mode separation even in this very anharmonic system. The adiabatic CI potential energy curves explain most aspects of the dynamics relevant to the IR and Raman spectra of FHF− (e.g., in KHF2), and calculations of ν1 dynamics within the adiabatic approximation suffice to assign most of the observed IR spectrum of KHF2(s) (to about 6000 cm−1). States corresponding qualitatively to modal overtone and combination levels such as 3ν2 and (ν2+2ν3) however exhibit avoided crossings in the neighborhood of the equilibrium configuration and ‘‘Fermi resonance’’ involving interactions of two or more such adiabatic states via the ν1 motion must be treated by close-coupling to predict both frequencies and intensities in the relevant portions of the IR spectrum. From the viewpoint of current interest in classical studies of vibrational dynamics, this system provides an interesting model problem markedly different from the more nearly harmonic models mainly studied in the past. The multiplicity of narrow avoided crossings between protonic levels and persistent success of the SCF approximation as a zero-order description of the proton dynamics except at crossings suggest that comparisons of classical trajectory studies of the system with the quantum mechanical results obtained here may be fruitful.
Conversational Cohesion Patterns In Men And Women With Alzheimer'S Disease: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ripich Danielle N. , Carpenter Brian D. , Ziol Elaine W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe use of cohesion devices in conversations was examined in 60 individuals (31 women, 29 men) with early to midstage Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 47 non‐demented elderly (NE) (27 women, 20 men). AD individuals produced more referent errors than NE, although AD and NE subjects otherwise demonstrated similar use of cohesion devices. AD women showed more frequent use of two elliptical devices (clause omission and word omission) compared with AD men and NE men and women. A subset of 23 AD subjects (13 women, 10 men) who completed four data collections (entry, 6, 12 and 18 months) was followed longitudinally. They demonstrated a significant decline in the number of ellipses and conjunctions at 18 months post‐entry. As AD subjects produced fewer and shorter utterances across time, their use of all cohesive devices declined. No gender differences were found over time. Although referencing errors differentiated early to midstage AD from NE, conversational discourse tasks alone may have limited clinical value to assess and monitor communication competence.
Mechanism of Free Radical Production in Exhaustive Exercise in Humans and Rats; Role of Xanthine Oxidase and Protection by Allopurinol
Authors: Viña José , Gimeno Amparo , Sastre Juan , Desco Carmen , Asensi Miguel , Pallardó Federico V. , Cuesta Andrés , Ferrero José Antonio , Terada Lance S. , Repine John E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExhaustive exercise generates free radicals. However, the source of this oxidative damage remains controversial. The aim of this paper was to study further the mechanism of exercise‐induced production of free radicals. Testing the hypothesis that xanthine oxidase contributes to the production of free radicals during exercise, we found not only that exercise caused an increase in blood xanthine oxidase activity in rats but also that inhibiting xanthine oxidase with allopurinol prevented exercise‐induced oxidation of glutathione in both rats and in humans. Furthermore, inhibiting xanthine oxidase prevented the increases in the plasma activity of cytosolic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase) seen after exhaustive exercise. Our results provide evidence that xanthine oxidase is responsible for the free radical production and tissue damage during exhaustive exercise. These findings also suggest that mitochondria play a minor role as a source of free radicals during exhaustive physical exercise.
The
UNC-112
Gene in Caenorhabditis elegansEncodes a Novel Component of Cell–Matrix Adhesion Structures Required for Integrin Localization in the Muscle Cell Membrane
Authors: Rogalski Teresa M. , Mullen Gregory P. , Gilbert Mary M. , Williams Benjamin D. , Moerman Donald G. 
Published: July 2002

Embryos homozygous for mutations in the unc-52, pat-2, pat-3, and unc-112 genes of C. elegans exhibit a similar Pat phenotype. Myosin and actin are not organized into sarcomeres in the body wall muscle cells of these mutants, and dense body and M-line components fail to assemble. The unc-52 (perlecan), pat-2 (α-integrin), and pat-3 (β-integrin) genes encode ECM or transmembrane proteins found at the cell–matrix adhesion sites of both dense bodies and M-lines. This study describes the identification of the unc-112 gene product, a novel, membrane-associated, intracellular protein that colocalizes with integrin at cell–matrix adhesion complexes. The 720–amino acid UNC-112 protein is homologous to Mig-2, a human protein of unknown function. These two proteins share a region of homology with talin and members of the FERM superfamily of proteins.
We have determined that a functional UNC-112::GFP fusion protein colocalizes with PAT-3/β-integrin in both adult and embryonic body wall muscle. We also have determined that UNC-112 is required to organize PAT-3/β-integrin after it is integrated into the basal cell membrane, but is not required to organize UNC-52/perlecan in the basement membrane, nor for DEB-1/vinculin to localize with PAT-3/β-integrin. Furthermore, UNC-112 requires the presence of UNC-52/perlecan and PAT-3/β-integrin, but not DEB-1/vinculin to become localized to the muscle cell membrane.
Minus class groups of the fields of the 𝑙-th roots of unity
Authors: Schoof René 
Published: July 2002

We show that for any prime number

l
>
2

l>2

the minus class group of the field of the

l
l

-th roots of unity

Q

p

¯

(

ζ
l

)

\overline {\mathbf {Q}_p} (\zeta _l)

admits a finite free resolution of length 1 as a module over the ring

Z

^

[
G
]

/

(
1
+
ι
)

\widehat {\mathbf {Z}} [G]/(1+\iota )

. Here

ι
\iota

denotes complex conjugation in

G
=

G
a
l

(

Q

p

¯

(

ζ
l

)

/

Q

p

¯

)
≅
(

Z

/

l

Z

)
∗

G={{Gal}}( \overline {\mathbf {Q}_p} (\zeta _l)/\overline {\mathbf {Q}_p} )\cong (\mathbf {Z} /l\mathbf {Z} )^*

. Moreover, for the primes

l
≤
509

l\le 509

we show that the minus class group is cyclic as a module over this ring. For these primes we also determine the structure of the minus class group.
Accuracy of Alternative Approaches to Capture-Recapture Estimates of Disease Frequency: Internal Validity Analysis of Data from Five Sources
Authors: Hook Ernest B. , Regal Ronald R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe authors used “internal validity analysis” to evaluate the performance of various capture-recapture methods. Data from studies with five overlapping, incomplete lists generated subgroups whose known sizes were compared with estimates derived from various four-source capture-recapture analyses. In 15 data sets unanalyzed previously (five subgroups of each of three new studies), the authors observed a trend toward mean underestimation of the known population size by 16–25%. (Coverage of the 90% confidence intervals associated with the method found to be optimal was acceptable (13/15), despite the downward bias.) The authors conjectured that (with the obvious exception of geographically disparate lists) most data sets used by epidemiologists tend to have a net positive dependence; that is, cases captured by one source are more likely to be captured by some other available source than are cases selected randomly from the population, and this trend results in a bias toward underestimation. Attempts to ensure that the underlying assumptions of the methods are met, such as minimizing (or adjusting adequately) for the possibility of loss due to death or migration, as was undertaken in one exceptional study, appear likely to improve the behavior of these methods. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:771–9.
The complexities of genome analysis, the Retroid agent
perspective
Authors: McClure Marcella A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: The sequences of Retroid agents from a wide diversity of organisms constitute the largest set of complete genomes currently available for the study of genomic architecture and the transfer of information within and between organisms. These agents are ubiquitous in Eukaryotes, comprising 50–90% of the genomic information in some cases.
Results: Analyses conducted for over a decade illustrate that Retroid agents are engaged in a wide spectrum of molecular evolutionary events. A description of these complexities is presented as a three parameter conceptual framework that considers type, size, and mechanism of events that contribute to the evolution of genes, genomes, and organisms. The results of new data mining studies further illustrate the complexity of the network of relationships among and between Retroid agents and other organisms. A hidden Markov model construction strategy is presented that generates a multiple alignment more similar to those refined by human experts.
Contact: mars@parvati.msu.montana.edu
The Human Ribosomal Protein Genes: Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of 73 Genes
Authors: Yoshihama Maki , Uechi Tamayo , Asakawa Shuichi , Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Kato Seishi , Higa Sayomi , Maeda Noriko , Minoshima Shinsei , Tanaka Tatsuo , Shimizu Nobuyoshi , Kenmochi Naoya 
Published: July 2002

The ribosome, as a catalyst for protein synthesis, is universal and essential for all organisms. Here we describe the structure of the genes encoding human ribosomal proteins (RPs) and compare this class of genes among several eukaryotes. Using genomic and full-length cDNA sequences, we characterized 73 RP genes and found that (1) transcription starts at a C residue within a characteristic oligopyrimidine tract; (2) the promoter region is GC rich, but often has a TATA box or similar sequence element; (3) the genes are small (4.4 kb), but have as many as 5.6 exons on average; (4) the initiator ATG is in the first or second exon and is within ± 5 bp of the first intron boundaries in about half of cases; and (5) 5′- and 3′-UTRs are significantly smaller (42 bp and 56 bp, respectively) than the genome average. Comparison of RP genes from humans,Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, andSaccharomyces cerevisiaerevealed the coding sequences to be highly conserved (63% homology on average), although gene size and the number of exons vary. The positions of the introns are also conserved among these species as follows: 44% of human introns are present at the same position in eitherD. melanogasterorC. elegans, suggesting RP genes are highly suitable for studying the evolution of introns.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession nos.AB055762–AB055780,AB056456,AB061820–AB061859,AB062066–AB062071, andAB070559.]