bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Age–Length Keys for Assigning Ages to Juvenile Steelhead
Authors: Dobos Marika E. , McCormick Joshua L. , Bowersox Brett J. , Copeland Timothy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Many population metrics for wild steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss are unquantified due to complex early life history strategies and a lack of juvenile age data. Juvenile steelhead can rear in freshwater systems for up to 7 years, with overlapping size distributions among age-classes. As logistics for sampling and aging fish can be challenging, there are benefits to utilizing age–length keys (ALKs). We examined the potential benefits of applying ALKs to unaged juvenile steelhead from a rotary screw trap and to determine whether stratifying trapping data by season could improve accuracy in assigning ages to unaged fish. Additionally, we examined the effects of reducing samples of aged fish using a uniform sampling design in which there was a fixed number of aged fish across all length intervals of the size distributions. Using a leave-one-out cross validation method with aged fish, we found that ALKs assigned unbiased ages to unaged fish. When including fish with assigned ages from ALKs, results of mean length-at-age and brood year abundance estimates between using proportional-sampled aged fish and uniform-sampled aged fish were comparable. Typically, absolute differences in estimated brood year abundances were improved if age-assigned fish were included, and mean absolute error did not exceed 0.4 years for any of the methods examined. Although seasons had a significant effect on mean length at age, overall brood year estimates of juvenile abundance derived from stratifying data by season did not notably differ from pooling summer and fall seasons together, likely because there was a higher portion of juveniles emigrating in the fall compared to the summer. Age–length keys can benefit trapping operations and aid in filling data gaps in age-based movement and survival for steelhead by being able to accurately assign ages to unaged fish and include more data for population analyses.
Salvage using electrofishing methods caused minimal mortality of burrowed and emerged larval lampreys in dewatered habitats
Authors: Harris Julianne E. , Liedtke Theresa L. , Skalicky Joseph J. , Weiland Lisa K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
Human-induced dewatering of freshwater habitats causes mortality of larval lampreys (family Petromyzontidae). Salvage by electrofishing at dewatering events is assumed to reduce this mortality, but to our knowledge this assumption remains unassessed.

Methods
We estimated mortality of salvaged larval lampreys (Lampetra spp. and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus) within 24 h following collection at field dewatering events in July and October. To assess when salvage may reduce mortality, we compared mortality of salvaged individuals from field dewatering events to mortality of burrowed and emerged individuals in dewatered habitats in the laboratory. Salvage protocols included electrofishing and foot pressure from walking in test enclosures before and after dewatering. Electrofishing after dewatering (“dry shocking”) involves positioning probes on moist sediment to entice burrowed larval lampreys to emerge.

Result
During the July salvage, air temperature averaged 36°C, bottom water temperature averaged 20°C, and many emerged larval lampreys were dead on the sediment surface. During two October events, air temperatures averaged 18 and 11°C, bottom water temperatures averaged 12 and 7°C, and only one dead emerged larval lamprey was observed. Estimated mortality of salvaged larval lampreys was 0.20 (90% credible interval = 0.09–0.37) in July and 0.00 (90% credible interval = 0.00–0.06) and 0.06 (90% credible interval = 0.01–0.18) in October. All larval lampreys that remained burrowed and were excavated from enclosures after salvage were dead in July but alive in October. Logistic regression suggested that mortality declined with increasing larval length. Mortality of salvaged 80-mm larval lampreys in October was lower than that of 80-mm individuals emerged for 1 h or burrowed for 8 h at similar water temperatures (8–10°C) in the laboratory.

Conclusion
In this study, electrofishing for salvage caused minimal mortality of burrowed and emerged larval lampreys in dewatered habitats. Thus, salvage using electrofishing methods could aid conservation of native lampreys by reducing mortality associated with human-induced dewatering events, especially when temperatures are elevated.
Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children With Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss Following Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Zeitler Daniel M. , Dunn Camille , Schwartz Seth R. , McCoy Jennifer L. , Jamis Carmen , Chi David H. , Goldberg Donald M. , Anne Samantha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL) benefits with cochlear implantation (CI) in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) versus bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (BSNHL).Study DesignA cross‐sectional survey of parents of children who underwent CI for USNHL and BSNHL.SettingTertiary care academic centers.MethodsThe “Children with cochlear implants: parental perspectives” survey was administered. Parents rated responses on a 5‐point Likert scale. Scores greater than 3.0 were considered favorable. Responses were recorded within 8 domains and groups were compared with respect to domain scores. Analysis of covariance models was used to compare groups while adjusting for age at implantation and duration of implant use.ResultsThere were 31 patients with USNHL and 27 patients with BSNHL. The average age of implantation in BSNHL patients was 1.9 and 6.7 years for USNHL. Parents of all children answered favorably in all domains. When adjusted for age at implantation and duration of implant use, parents of BSNHL children responded significantly more favorably only in 2 domains. When comparing patients with older age or prolonged duration of hearing loss in the USNHL cohort, there were favorable responses in all domains with no significant differences between groups.ConclusionThere are HR‐QOL benefits of CI in USNHL children; less pronounced favorable results were noted only in 2 domains when compared to BSNHL children. Benefits were noted with CI in USNHL children at an older age at implantation or prolonged duration of hearing loss. Therefore, these factors should not be absolute contraindications for CI in USNHL.
Associations Between Body Composition and Sensorineural Hearing Loss Among Adults Based on the UK Biobank
Authors: Pang Wendu , Li Junhong , Qiu Ke , Yi Xiaowei , Cheng Danni , Rao Yufang , Song Yao , Deng Di , Mao Minzi , Li Xiaohong , Ma Ning , Chen Daibo , Luo Yi , Xu Wei , Ren Jianjun , Zhao Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the association between body composition and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).Study DesignCross‐sectional study, prospective study and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.SettingUK Biobank.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 147,296 adult participants with complete data on body composition and the speech‐reception‐threshold (SRT) test. We further conducted a prospective study with 129,905 participants without SNHL at baseline and followed up to 15 years to explore the association between body composition and new‐onset SNHL. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression models were used. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were performed. We further assessed the causal association between body composition and SNHL using two‐sample MR analyses.ResultsOur cross‐sectional study revealed that fat percentage, especially leg (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, p = .029) and arm (OR 1.43, p = .004), were significant risk factors for SNHL. However, fat‐free mass, especially in the arm (OR 0.27, p < .001) and leg (OR 0.58, p < .001) showed significant protective effects against SNHL, which was substantially consistent with the results of the prospective study. In addition, we found that young women with SNHL were more susceptible to body composition indicators. However, MR analyses revealed no evidence of significant causal association.ConclusionFat percentage, especially in the leg and arm, was a significant risk factor for SNHL, whereas fat‐free mass, especially in the leg and arm, had significant protective effects against SNHL, however, these associations may not be causal.
Virtual Resection Specimen Interaction Using Augmented Reality Holograms to Guide Margin Communication and Flap Sizing
Authors: Necker Fabian N. , Chang Marcello , Leuze Christoph , Topf Michael C. , Daniel Bruce L. , Baik Fred M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHead and neck surgeons often have difficulty in relocating sites of positive margins due to the complex 3‐dimensional (3D) anatomy of the head and neck. We introduce a new technique where resection specimens are 3D scanned with a smartphone, annotated in computer‐assisted design software, and immediately visualized on augmented reality (AR) glasses. The 3D virtual specimen can be accurately superimposed onto surgical sites for orientation and sizing applications. During an operative workshop, a surgeon using AR glasses projected virtual, annotated specimen models back into the resection bed onto a cadaver within approximately 10 minutes. Colored annotations can correspond with pathologic annotations and guide the orientation of the virtual 3D specimen. The model was also overlayed onto a flap harvest site to aid in reconstructive planning. We present a new technique allowing interactive, sterile inspection of tissue specimens in AR that could facilitate communication among surgeons and pathologists and assist with reconstructive surgery.
Awareness Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults of the Otolaryngologist's Role in Providing Gender‐Affirming Care Services
Authors: Ziltzer Ryan S. , Lett Elle , Chambers Tamara , Moayer Roxana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess transgender and nonbinary adults’ awareness of Otolaryngologists’ (ENT) and speech‐language pathologists’ (SLP) ability to perform various face, neck, and voice procedures for gender‐affirming purposes.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingOnline, from February to May 2022.MethodsWe developed a list of nonsurgical and surgical gender‐affirming face, neck, and voice procedures. We asked transgender and nonbinary (TNB) adults which procedures from this list they knew could be performed by specially‐trained ENTs or SLPs for gender‐affirmation and which listed procedures they knew existed as gender‐affirming treatment before the survey. We assessed awareness of ENTs’ and SLPs’ ability for each procedure across gender identity using Fisher exact tests. We examined if demographic or socioeconomic factors were associated with the total number of gender‐affirming procedures participants knew ENTs or SLPs could perform using univariable linear regression.ResultsTNB adults (N = 234) generally knew these procedures existed as gender‐affirming treatment (64%‐93%). However, TNB adults were largely unaware these gender‐affirming procedures could be performed by specially‐trained ENTs or SLPs (53% or less), especially procedures unrelated to the voice, neck, and nose (26% or less). Knowledge of ENTs' and SLPs' ability was similar across gender identity for most procedures. Total number of procedures known that ENTs or SLPs could perform did not differ by demographic/socioeconomic factors (p > .05).ConclusionThese findings suggest transgender and nonbinary individuals may not know to seek Otolaryngologists or SLP when desiring gender‐affirming face, neck, or voice care. Increased efforts are needed to promote awareness of Otolaryngology's role in providing gender‐affirming care.Level of Evidence4.
Identification of new potential downstream transcriptional targets of the strigolactone pathway including glucosinolate biosynthesis
Authors: Hellens Alicia M. , Chabikwa Tinashe G. , Fichtner Franziska , Brewer Philip B. , Beveridge Christine A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStrigolactones regulate shoot branching and many aspects of plant growth, development, and allelopathy. Strigolactones are often discussed alongside auxin because they work together to inhibit shoot branching. However, the roles and mechanisms of strigolactones and how they act independently of auxin are still elusive. Additionally, there is still much in general to be discovered about the network of molecular regulators and their interactions in response to strigolactones. Here, we conducted an experiment in Arabidopsis with physiological treatments and strigolactone mutants to determine transcriptional pathways associated with strigolactones. The three physiological treatments included shoot tip removal with and without auxin treatment and treatment of intact plants with the auxin transport inhibitor, N‐1‐naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). We identified the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway as being upregulated across strigolactone mutants indicating strigolactone–glucosinolate crosstalk. Additionally, strigolactone application cannot restore the highly branched phenotype observed in glucosinolate biosynthesis mutants, placing glucosinolate biosynthesis downstream of strigolactone biosynthesis. Oxidative stress genes were enriched across the experiment suggesting that this process is mediated through multiple hormones. Here, we also provide evidence supporting non‐auxin‐mediated, negative feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis. Increases in strigolactone biosynthesis gene expression seen in strigolactone mutants could not be fully restored by auxin. By contrast, auxin could fully restore auxin‐responsive gene expression increases, but not sugar signaling‐related gene expression. Our data also point to alternative roles of the strigolactone biosynthesis genes and potential new signaling functions of strigolactone precursors.In this study, we identify a strigolactone‐specific regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes indicating that the two are linked and may work together in regulating stress and shoot branching responses in Arabidopsis. Additionally, we provide evidence for non‐auxin‐mediated feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis and discuss this in the context of sugar signaling.
Unsupervised and supervised learning for the reliability analysis of complex systems
Authors: Gámiz Maria Luz , Navas‐Gómez Fernando , Nozal‐Cañadas Rafael , Raya‐Miranda Rocío 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a strategy to deal with high‐dimensional reliability systems with multiple correlated components is proposed. The goal is to construct a state function that enables the classification of the states of components in one of two categories, that is, failure and operative, in case of dealing with a large number of units in the system. To this end, it is proposed a new algorithm that combines a factor analysis algorithm (unsupervised learning) with local‐logistic and isotonic regression (supervised learning). The reliability function is estimated and system failures are predicted in terms of the variables in the original state space. The dimensions in the latent state space are defined by blocks of units with a certain dependence structure. The flexibility of the model allows quantifying locally the effect that a particular unit has on the system performance and a ranking of components can be obtained under the philosophy of the Birnbaum importance measure. The good performance of the proposal is assessed by means of a simulation study. Also a real data case is considered to illustrate the method.
An evidential network approach to reliability assessment by aggregating system‐level imprecise knowledge
Authors: Huang Tudi , Shao Zhidong , Xiahou Tangfan , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModern complex engineering systems oftentimes possess hierarchical structures which can be physically divided into several levels. Traditional reliability assessment methods were conducted using field data or time‐to‐failure data. For a hierarchical system, different levels’ reliability‐related data from monitoring or observations can provide additional information to update the system's reliability. However, with the limitation of sensing and monitoring technologies and vague judgments from experts, the reliability data inevitably contain epistemic uncertainty. Properly fusing the imprecise data can still improve the accuracy of system reliability assessment. In this article, we propose a reliability assessment approach based on the evidential network (EN) model to update the hierarchical systems’ reliability by aggregating the system‐level imprecise knowledge. First, the evidence theory is applied to quantify the epistemic uncertainty associated with the imprecise system‐level reliability data. Then, an EN model is created to realize the uncertainty propagation and fusion of imprecise data. Finally, at any particular time instant, the system reliability can be updated with the aid of imprecise data based on the proposed EN model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by a real engineering case of a wind turbine system. Overall, the results shown from the case study support that the proposed method can update the reliability of hierarchical systems by using system‐level imprecise data.
An unbiased function‐based Poisson adaptive EWMA control chart for monitoring range of shifts
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Riaz Muhammad , Shi Jianqing , Abdisa Atomsa Gemechu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor monitoring the number of nonconformities per unit in industrial processes during the inspection, Poisson control charts are most widely deployed. These charting structures are referred to as attribute control charts as the quality characteristic under study is based on a nominal scale other than a quantitative or measured scale. In this study, Poisson adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (PAEWMA) has been designed and the performance of the said chart under a steady‐state situation along with the zero‐state condition has been studied for detecting changes over an unknown range of shifts. The enactment of the proposed PAEWMA design with existing schemes has been evaluated and compared using run‐length (RL) profiles such as; average RL (ARL), the standard deviation of RL (SDRL), and some percentile points of the RL distribution. The extra quadratic loss and relative mean index measures have been used for comparing the range of shifts. The comparison reveals that the proposed PAEWMA chart under the steady‐state situations performs far better than the competitors. The effect of estimation of the process parameter is also a part of the study. The three applications of the proposal have been included; which are taken from the artificial dataset, from past study monitoring dataset, and the other from the aircraft accident monitoring data for the implementation of the proposal.
Surgery Followed by 585 nm Pulsed-Dye Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Granuloma Faciale
Authors: Ha-Wissel Linh , Kröger Lasse , Langan Ewan A. , Kahle Birgit , Boch Katharina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Granuloma faciale is a rare, benign skin disease characterised by solitary or multiple papules, plaques or nodules, most often occurring on the face. The skin disorder is often associated with exacerbations and remissions; spontaneous resolution seldom occurs. The treatment of granuloma faciale is challenging. Various topical and systemic treatments, but also surgical and laser therapies have been administered. A spatially confined thermal destruction of the tissue is achieved by strong absorption of haemoglobin at 585 nm wavelength. Of note, none of the presently available therapeutic interventions are particularly successful. Moreover, Granuloma faciale has the tendency to recur after treatment. Here, we present a male patient with a treatment refractory Granuloma faciale on the right cheek who was successfully treated with the combination of surgery and pulsed-dye laser therapy. Besides the good aesthetic outcome, remission was maintained after almost 1 year of follow-up.
Diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound of the supraspinatus tendon when compared to magnetic resonance imaging prior to arthroscopy: A retrospective study
Authors: McGuire Lisa B. , Quinton Ann E. , Cossetto David J. , Hanchard Tracey J. , Spurway Jacqueline F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound (USS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used as screening tools for rotator cuff tears with MRI reported as superior. When comparing USS and MRI for supraspinatus tears, less data is available.AimCompare the diagnostic sensitivity of USS and MRI in the pre‐operative diagnosis of partial thickness tears (PTT) and full thickness tears (FTT) of supraspinatus tendons compared to gold‐standard shoulder arthroscopy to assess if differences in detection rates exist.MethodRetrospective study of deidentified electronic medical records including post‐operative surgical notes and pre‐operative imaging USS and MRI results.ResultsN = 103 participants, male: female ratio of 63:40, mean age 64 years. FTT were diagnosed by arthroscopy in 63/103 (61.2%), PTT <5 mm in 18/103 (17.5%), PTT >5 mm in 22/103 (21.4%). USS and MRI sensitivity were both 95.2% for FTT. PTT <5 mm sensitivity for USS and MRI were 83.3% and 77.7%, and PTT >5 mm sensitivity were 73.3% and 86.4% respectively. Overall supraspinatus tears USS sensitivity was 88.4% and MRI 90.3%.DiscussionComparable sensitivity was demonstrated for FTT for USS and MRI. USS had better sensitivity than MRI for PTT <5 mm, MRI performed better for PTT >5 mm. Pre‐operative evaluation of suspected supraspinatus tears could include USS as a first line imaging modality, due to its low cost and easier availability.ConclusionUSS has high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing supraspinatus FTT and PTT. MRI may be used where significant glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis needs to be assessed. Further studies with larger numbers are needed to verify these results.
Assessing the quality of reference books on the English writing examination in Hong Kong: How can an evaluation checklist help?
Authors: Wang Simon , Li Cissy , Yu Wing Ki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite research studies on TESOL materials and textbooks addressing a wide range of pedagogical issues as well as evaluation strategies, reference books for examination preparation have received little attention from TESOL researchers. This study reports an attempt to develop a checklist for evaluating the reference books for the examination for the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE, the college entrance requirement for secondary school students in Hong Kong), with a particular focus on books for the English writing examination. The researchers acquired a total of 39 reference books on DSE English writing and examined them against the reports and documents of the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority as well as the Education Bureau. After identifying the most concerning issues in the reference books, the researchers developed a checklist for evaluating future reference books using the framework suggested by McGrath (2002), taking into account the Education Bureau's guidelines for local school textbook evaluation. The authors conclude by briefly discussing implications and how their findings could be shared with HKDSE candidates through engaging the Hong Kong government.