bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for readmission of patients with amputation to acute care from inpatient rehabilitation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chang Chin‐Hen , Lopez Kevin , Wasser Thomas , Mei Haiping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAmputation is a major condition that requires inpatient rehabilitation. Some research has been conducted to explore the risk factors for readmission of patients from inpatient rehabilitation facilities to acute care hospitals. However, few studies have included patients with amputation in the study population.ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors for readmission of patients with amputation to acute care hospitals from an inpatient rehabilitation facility.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAn acute rehabilitation hospital associated with a community‐based tertiary medical center.PatientsA retrospective review of 156 independent admissions of 145 patients from June 2019 to July 2022.Main Outcome MeasureThe study outcome measure was readmission to acute care from an acute rehabilitation unit.ResultsOf the 156 independent admissions, the readmission rate was 19% (29/156). The most common cause of transfer was incision‐site complications (9/29, 31%), including wound infection and wound dehiscence. Patients with amputation readmitted to acute care are more likely to be receiving dialysis (p < .001), have a longer length of stay in acute care before admission to the rehabilitation facility (p = .039), and have a lower Section GG score on admission (p < .001). Age, sex, ethnicity, amputation level, and history of diabetes mellitus were not associated with acute care hospital readmission. The logistic regression model revealed that patients being on dialysis was the only significant risk factor predictive of readmission to acute care (odds ratio [OR] 4.82, p = .006).ConclusionsThis study showed that incision‐site complications were the most common cause of disruption in inpatient rehabilitation via acute hospital readmission in patients with amputation. Being on dialysis was associated with a higher risk of readmission to acute care hospitals. Based on the results of this study, specific rehabilitation plans might be required for patients with amputation who carry certain risk factors to reduce rehospitalization to the acute care unit.
Reassessing the presence of alien predatory mites and their prospects in the face of future climate change
Authors: Liao Jhih‐Rong , Chiu Ming‐Chih , Kuo Mei‐Hwa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimate change poses uncertainties in the effectiveness of classical biological control (CBC), and there is a lack of information on the establishment of natural enemy populations under present and future climatic conditions. The objective is to explore current traces of two alien predators (Neoseiulus californicus and Neoseiulus fallacis; introduced for the CBC program in the 1980s) and their future expansion under climate change in Taiwan.RESULTSThe results indicated that N. californicus was present in alpine orchards (e.g., Lishan and Meifeng) but N. fallacis was not found. Under current climate condition, most areas in Taiwan were deemed highly suitable for N. californicus, but not for N. fallacis, which may explain the outcomes of the CBC program. With intensifying climate change, the ranges of both species are projected to contract to varying extents in Taiwan but expand in some countries.CONCLUSIONThe findings from this study can provide insights for evaluating and developing future CBC programs worldwide, and can help predict the implications of climate change on biological control efforts. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
On the global stabilization of 6‐DOF quadrotors: A direct Lyapunov approach
Authors: Subaşı Evren , Türker Türker 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNumerous linear and nonlinear controller structures are available to stabilize 6‐DOF quadrotors, however, those structures are capable of stabilizing the quadrotors in a local region only containing the hovering configuration. This article focuses on the design of a nonlinear controller to achieve the stabilization in large for these unmanned aerial vehicles in hovering configuration at the desired attitude. In this manner, a specific set of state variables is introduced to avoid the singularity problems. Afterwards, a candidate Lyapunov function is considered and the stability is proved based on that function by solving a set of ordinary and partial differential equations, the so‐called matching conditions. Then, the asymptotic stability of the desired configuration in 6‐DOF is proved using LaSalle's invariant set principle with the region of attraction containing almost all state space. Numerical simulation results are included to validate the feasibility of the proposed almost globally stabilizing controller.
Polysaccharides Based Biosensors for Medical Applications: Prospective and Future Aspects
Authors: Hasanin Mohamed S. , Saied Housni El , Kamel Samir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBiopolymers have attracted much of interest in various applications needed for sustainable and biodegradable solutions. Indeed, biopolymers lessen the requirement for petroleum‐based resources, municipal solid waste output, and carbon dioxide emissions. Polysaccharides are a unique category of biopolymers that are especially characteristic such as biocompatibility and editability. Polysaccharides functionalization plays a significant role in various applications and their suitability for additive applications. Sensor‐based polysaccharides are widely used with many drawbacks localized in durability, moldability, and sensitivity. Otherwise, biosensors are devices monitoring a specimen's biological phenomena or measurements, usually not disposable devices. For that, biosensors are needed urgently to address the high cost of disposable supplies in the medical diagnostic industry, which span many elements of medical diagnostic applications. Additionally, manipulating of polysaccharide‐based materials is considered accessible and usable and requires low equipment requirements. Herein, the main features of polysaccharides will be discussed, along with potential applications as biosensors for medical diagnosis and new lines of inquiry with such focus on the main required to formulate polysaccharides biosensors.
Optimization of Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction of Polysaccharides from Hawthorn by Response Surface Methodology Coupled with Genetic Algorithm and Its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Sang Yumei , Hao Zitong , Dai Shasha , Gao Yuchao , Ge Shaoqin , Xue Hongkun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) contains various active components including polysaccharides, polyphenols, vitamin, phenolic acid, etc. Polysaccharides are one of the most critical active components in hawthorn, which exhibits different biological activities such as immunomodulatory antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and other activities. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to optimize the aqueous two‐phase extraction (UTPE) of polysaccharides from hawthorn via a response surface methodology coupled genetic algorithm (RSM‐GA) and then evaluate its antioxidant activity through free radicals scavenging experiments. The results show that the optimal extraction conditions to achieve the maximum polysaccharides yield (6.42 ± 0.08)% from hawthorn by UTPE is obtained under the mass fraction of ammonium sulfate of 11%, extraction temperature of 57 °C, liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 33 mL g−1, ethanol concentration of 26%, and extraction time of 30 min, and the relative error between the experimental value and the theoretical value is 4.56%. The antioxidant capacity is enhanced with the increase of hawthorn polysaccharides (HPs) concentration. However, the antioxidant activity of HPs is weaker than that of ascorbic acid. The results of this study provide a critical material basis for promoting the further research of HPs, and have certain significance for the deep processing and product development of hawthorn.
Optische Schichten und ihr Einfluss auf die Belastbarkeit flexibler Gläser
Authors: Langgemach Wiebke , Lorenz Georg , Täschner Kerstin , Neidhardt Jörg 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungFlexible Gläser mit Dicken unter 100 μm haben exzellente optische Eigenschaften. Aufgrund des sprödbrechenden Verhaltens sind Verarbeitungsschritte wie Reinigung, Vakuumbeschichtung und Handling allerdings herausfordernd. Entscheidend für die zuverlässige Prozessierung ist eine hohe Bruch‐ und Ermüdungsfestigkeit des Glases, insbesondere seiner Kante. Das Ermüdungsverhalten ist von großer Bedeutung, um Frühausfälle zu vermeiden, wurde allerdings bisher kaum betrachtet. Es wurde deshalb ein neues schrittweises Ermüdungstestverfahren entwickelt und das Ermüdungsverhalten von flexiblem Glas mit funktionalen Indiumzinnoxid‐ bzw. dielektrischen Antireflexbeschichtungen untersucht. Die Ermüdungsfestigkeit stieg durch die Beschichtungen in fast allen Fällen signifikant.Mithilfe des vorgestellten Verfahrens können auch Ansätze zur Festigkeitssteigerung flexibler Gläser, z. B. durch Blitzlampentemperung, die Gegenstand aktueller Forschung sind, untersucht und validiert werden.
Experimental and computational analyses for advanced wastewater treatment by volcanic rocks
Authors: Ahmed Abdelkader T. , Farooq Qazi Umar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTreating and reusing wastewater is a promising alternative for the water shortage problem. The advanced treatment of such water can provide a good source for plant irrigation and other applications and reduce the demand for the available freshwater resources. This alternate is highly recommended for arid and semi‐arid counties. In this research, volcanic rock (VR) is introduced as an advanced and low‐cost treatment option for wastewater. The volcanic rock was adopted as an adsorption tool for removing impurities from the secondary treated wastewater effluents. The study relies on experimental work on a lab scale. Many parameters were investigated such as loose and compacted layered samples, and pretreated methods for the rocks including soaking in clean water or heating for different temperatures. Simulation work also was adopted to validate the experimental results. The study results showed a decline in most physiochemical properties of wastewater after adding VR compared with the control sample. A notable removable for the measurements of the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater in the presence of VR was observed, which may introduce it as a tool for the advanced treatment of wastewater. The numerical results depicted the experimental data and reflected the effectiveness of the VR‐based geomaterial filter for the treatment of wastewater.Practitioner Points

Prewashing process for volcanic rock (VR) exhibited an improvement in its removal efficiency ranged between 18% to 98% as for TDS and removal of NO3−, respectively.
Heating samples does not improve the removable properties of VR.
A notable removable for biological oxygen demand and COD by 96% and 99%, respectively, for some cases from wastewater, may introduce the VR as a tool for advanced treatment of wastewater.
The numerical test results are in consistent with the experimental behavior of the VR and reflect the effectiveness of the VR‐based geomaterial filter for the treatment of wastewater.
Pyrazolylpropanoate Complexes of Palladium(II) Chloride
Authors: Johnson Ryan , Liebing Phil , Musikanth Daniel P. , Regitz Stuart A. , Amenta Donna S. , Goldhahn Rüdiger , Edelmann Frank T. , Gilje John W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe syntheses of the new ligands 3‐(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methylpropanoate (L1) and 3‐(2,4‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methylpropanoate (L2) and their complexation with palladium(II) have been investigated. In our hands L1 is best prepared by a Michael addition catalyzed by Cs2CO3 and L2 by a catalyst‐ and solvent‐free reaction. Both L1 and L2 react with PdCl2(COD) to produce trans‐PdCl2(L1)2 (3) and trans‐PdCl2(L2)2 (4) respectively. The crystal structures of both new complexes have been determined. An isomerization has been observed when complex 4 is dissolved in CDCl3 or CD3CN. Kinetic data indicate that this is an equilibrium that is first order in both directions. We suggest this may be due to the isomerization of the trans‐ to the cis‐isomer. Their ease of preparation in nearly quantitative yields make the new ligands L1 and L2 potentially useful for further studies.
“They see me scrollin”—Lessons Learned from Investigating Shoulder Surfing Behavior and Attack Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Saad Alia , Liebers Jonathan , Schneegass Stefan , Gruenefeld Uwe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMobile computing devices have become ubiquitous; however, they are prone to observation and reconstruction attacks. In particular, shoulder surfing, where an adversary observes another user’s interaction without prior consent, remains a significant unresolved problem. In the past, researchers have primarily focused their research on making authentication more robust against shoulder surfing—with less emphasis on understanding the attacker or their behavior. Nonetheless, understanding these attacks is crucial for protecting smartphone users’ privacy. This chapter aims to bring more attention to research that promotes a deeper understanding of shoulder surfing attacks. While shoulder surfing attacks are difficult to study under natural conditions, researchers have proposed different approaches to overcome this challenge. We compare and discuss these approaches and extract lessons learned. Furthermore, we discuss different mitigation strategies of shoulder surfing attacks and cover algorithmic detection of attacks and proposed threat models as well. Finally, we conclude with an outlook of potential next steps for shoulder surfing research.
Human-Centered Design for Data-Sparse Tailored Privacy Information Provision
Authors: Goram Mandy , Dehling Tobias , Morsbach Felix , Sunyaev Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne way to reduce privacy risks for consumers when using the internet is to inform them better about the privacy practices they will encounter. Tailored privacy information provision could outperform the current practice where information system providers do not much more than posting unwieldy privacy notices. Paradoxically, this would require additional collection of data about consumers’ privacy preferences—which constitute themselves sensitive information so that sharing them may expose consumers to additional privacy risks. This chapter presents insights on how this paradoxical interplay can be outmaneuvered. We discuss different approaches for privacy preference elicitation, the data required, and how to best protect the sensitive data inevitably to be shared with technical privacy-preserving mechanisms. The key takeaway of this chapter is that we should put more thought into what we are building and using our systems for to allow for privacy through human-centered design instead of static, predefined solutions which do not meet consumer needs.
Acceptance Factors of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies on the Basis of Tor and JonDonym
Authors: Pape Sebastian , Harborth David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides information about acceptance factors of privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) based on our research why users are using Tor and JonDonym, respectively. For that purpose, we surveyed 124 Tor users (Harborth and Pape 2020) and 142 JonDonym users (Harborth Pape 2020) and did a quantitative evaluation (PLS-SEM) on different user acceptance factors. We investigated trust in the PET and perceived anonymity (Harborth et al. 2021; Harborth et al. 2020; Harborth and Pape 2018), privacy concerns, and risk and trust beliefs (Harborth and Pape 2019) based on Internet Users Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC) and privacy literacy (Harborth and Pape 2020). The result was that trust in the PET seems to be the major driver. Furthermore, we investigated the users’ willingness to pay or donate for/to the service (Harborth et al. 2019). In this case, risk propensity and the frequency of perceived improper invasions of users’ privacy were relevant factors besides trust in the PET. While these results were new in terms of the application of acceptance factors to PETs, none of the identified factors was surprising. To identify new factors and learn about differences in users’ perceptions between the two PETs, we also did a qualitative analysis of the questions if users have any concerns about using the PET, when they would be willing to pay or donate, which features they would like to have and why they would (not) recommend the PET (Harborth et al. 2021; Harborth et al. 2020). To also investigate the perspective of companies, we additionally interviewed 12 experts and managers dealing with privacy and PETs in their daily business and identified incentives and hindrances to implement PETs from a business perspective (Harborth et al. 2018).
Increasing Users’ Privacy Awareness in the Internet of Things: Design Space and Sample Scenarios
Authors: Prange Sarah , Alt Florian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn increasing number of devices and sensors in the environments we access daily are capable of collecting personal data about us. Surveillance cameras in public spaces, smart speakers in friends’ living rooms, or smartphones carried by individuals are just a few examples. At the same time, many users are unaware of sensors being in place, in particular, those deployed in unfamiliar environments. Hence, it becomes increasingly challenging for users to keep control over their personal data being tracked and/or processed. Crucially, for users to be able to make informed decisions and privacy choices, they first of all need to be aware of potential privacy intrusions in their surroundings. In this chapter, we address this by exploring means to increase users’ privacy awareness in the Internet of Things. In particular, we illustrate the design space for such privacy awareness mechanisms, including what information should be displayed, and how this information can be made accessible for various target groups such as (to-be) device owners or passers-by. We also introduce and compare three sample scenarios in which privacy awareness mechanisms can support users: (1) privacy-relevant information for purchase decisions, (2) on-demand privacy-relevant information for active device search, and (3) in situ privacy-relevant information and guidance. The chapter is complemented by a discussion on future approaches to raising privacy awareness.
Challenges, Conflicts, and Solution Strategies for the Introduction of Corporate Data Protection Measures
Authors: Bosse Christian K. , Feth Denis , Schmitt Hartmut 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs the digital transformation of the economy relies on the processing of personal data, employee data protection is an important prerequisite. When implementing data protection, there is typically a discussion of technical and organizational measures. However, since virtually all data protection measures can be regarded as socio-technical, the consideration of a third aspect is a critical but often neglected aspect of their implementation: the social sphere. In this chapter, we present the impact of the social sphere on the introduction of data protection measures. We discuss three main challenges, namely: (1) the lack of consideration of the interactions between the technical, organizational, and social spheres; (2) companies exploiting the gray areas of employee data protection; and (3) inherent conflicts between different quality characteristics. Furthermore, we show solution approaches for these challenges.
Toward Valid and Reliable Privacy Concern Scales: The Example of IUIPC-8
Authors: Groß Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractValid and reliable measurement instruments are crucial for human factors in privacy research. We expect them to measure what they purport to measure, yielding validity, and to measure this consistently, offering us reliability. While there is a range of privacy concern instruments available in the field and their investigation continues unabated, we shall focus on a brief form of the scale Internet users? Information privacy concerns (IUIPC-8) as an example. We not only present IUIPC-8 itself, but also consider methods for the evaluation of valid and reliable measurement instruments. In this, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) serves us as a valuable tool. Our inquiry takes into account the ordinal and non-normal data yielded by the IUIPC questionnaire, compares multiple models to confirm the three-dimensionality is a fixed term, typically written with hyphen of the scale, examines global and local fit, and, finally, estimates construct validity and internal consistency reliability metrics. We offer a comparison between IUIPC-10 and IUIPC-8 drawing on two independent samples. In conclusion, we highlight properties of the scale and considerations for its use in practice.
What HCI Can Do for (Data Protection) Law—Beyond Design
Authors: Jakobi Timo , Grafenstein Maximilian von 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsable Privacy often works at the intersection of regulation to thrive for more usable solutions to normative provisions. The regulatory provisions themselves, or the legal standards of their implementation, however, typically remain unquestioned in the design process. This way, HCI falls short of its potential to inform regulation with insights on human expectations, attitudes, and behavior in the real world, to make law more effective. In this chapter, we present the extensive impulses that are also coming from legal sciences themselves motivating a more substantial collaboration of HCI and legal sciences. We turn to the example of data protection legislation and discuss the legislative intentions surrounding the landmark case of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We show how GDPRs’ requirement of “effectiveness” of technical and organizational protection measures opens the door for more in-depth collaboration with HCI and provide examples of high potential for such joint research.
Generalized Linear Mixed Models for Counts
Authors: Salinas Ruíz Josafhat , Montesinos López Osval Antonio , Hernández Ramírez Gabriela , Crossa Hiriart Jose 
Published: August 2023

AbstractData in the for of counts regularly appear in studies in which the number of occurrences is investigated, such as the number of insects, birds, or weeds in agricultural or agroecological studies; the number of plants transformed or regenerated using modern breeding techniques; the number of individuals with a certain disease in a medical study; and the number of defective products in a quality improvement study, among others. These counts can be counted per unit of time, area, or volume. When using a generalized linear model (GLM) with a Poisson distribution, it is often found that there is excessive dispersion (extra variation) that is no longer captured by the Poisson model. In these cases, the data must be modeled with a negative binomial distribution that has the same mean as the Poisson distribution but with a variance greater than the mean. Most experiments have some form of structure due to the experimental design (completely randomized design (CRD), randomized complete block design (RCBD), incomplete block, or split-plot design) or the sampling design, which must be incorporated into the predictor to adequately model the data.