bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the perception of wind only as a meteorological hazard: importance of mechanobiology for biomass allocation, forest ecology and management
Authors: Dlouhá Jana , Moulia Bruno , Fournier Meriem , Badel Eric , Constant Thiéry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Key message
Although global changes are expected to intensify the impact of wind as a hazard, recent studies have emphasized the critical role wind plays in tree growth and development. Wind-induced swaying generates strains that the tree perceives, triggering a process known as thigmomorphogenesis. This process alters the tree’s growth patterns and wood properties to enhance its mechanical stability. Thus, wind functions not only as a hazard but also as a growth factor, enabling the tree to acclimate to wind loads and reduce its mechanical risk.
Despite the significant role of thigmomorphogenesis in tree growth and carbon allocation, this process remains largely overlooked in forest ecology and management models. We strongly advocate for the integration of wind-induced strain sensing, the primary driver of thigmomorphogenesis, alongside established environmental factors in tree and forest growth models, as well as in instrumented forest stands aimed at studying the effects of environmental factors on tree growth. This crucial step is essential for a comprehensive understanding of forest growth dynamics and for informed decision-making in forest management.
Influences of freezing and thermal cyclic loading on physical and mechanical properties of marble
Authors: Faramarzi Lohrasb , Dehghani Bijan , Azhari Amin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, marble specimens were used to investigate the effects of freezing and thermal cyclic loading on physical and mechanical properties. For this purpose, four types of loading were considered, including freezing-cooling (F–C), heating–cooling (H-C), freezing-cooling-heating (F–C-H) and heating–cooling-freezing (H-C-F). The changes observed in physical and mechanical properties of the marble were analyzed in temperature extend shifting from − 30 °C to 160 °C. To achieve this goal, two marble blocks with a dimension of 30 × 30 × 30 cm3 were selected. Then, compressive and shear wave velocities, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus (E) and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) were measured and compared in different loading conditions. Results showed that the number of freezing-cooling cycles influenced the mechanical properties of the marble. With an increase in the loading cycles, both compressional and shear wave velocities of the marble decreased. The highest reduction in tensile strength was observed in heating–cooling cycles. That is to say, the thermal loading of rock specimens caused weakening, thereby increasing the micro-crack density in the marble specimens by means of thermally shocks. It was observed that the increase in the number of loading cycles, brings about a huge decline in the marble dynamic modulus. The damage index (D) is introduced to reflect the variation of the mechanical properties and ultrasonic wave velocities of the samples before and after the thermal cyclic loading. In all freezing and thermal cyclic loading conditions, the main and predominant failure mechanism was shear failure.
Combinatorial protective effect of Cinnamomum verum and Stingless Bee Honey against oxidative stress in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Padmanabhan Arul Mozhi , Doss Victor Arokia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a prevalent consequence of cardiovascular disease, necessitating treatment with synthetic medications that often have adverse effects. Natural products, like Cinnamomum verum (CV) and Stingless Bee Honey (SBH), rich in phenolic compounds, hold promise as safer alternatives. In this study, we investigated the potential cardioprotective effects of CV bark and honey produced by Stingless bee in male Wistar rats. In a 7-day controlled study, rats were randomly assigned into seven treatment groups, receiving either saline (Group I), isoproterenol (ISO) (Group II) or ISO combined with drug interventions of Losartan (Group III), CV (Group IV) and SBH (Group V) along with several combined regimens (Group VI & VII). Biochemical assays were conducted to measure antioxidant enzyme activities (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Reduced Glutathione), inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress levels. Histopathological analysis was also performed. stress markers in cardiac tissues, shedding light on potential therapeutic interventions.

Results
ISO induces myocardial oxidative stress, characterized by reduced antioxidants, increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers with elevated collagen content. Our results show that co-administration of CV + SBH effectively attenuated ISO-induced myocardial oxidative stress, outperforming individual CV or SBH administration in restoring antioxidant levels and normalizing oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.

Conclusions
The results from this study underscore the importance of advancing research on the combination of CV and SBH, which hold significant promise as synergistic therapeutic agents in the treatment of complex diseases, potentially informing future healthcare policies and clinical practices.
The mental health impact of repeated COVID-19 enforced lockdowns in England: evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dhensa-Kahlon Rashpal K. , Wan Siu Tim , Coyle-Shapiro Jacqueline A.-M. , Teoh Kevin Rui-Han 
Published: January 2025

Background
Research shows initial COVID-19 lockdowns increased population mental distress. Yet, the mental health impact of repeated lockdowns in England remains unknown.

Aims
To: (a) explore changes in population mental health symptoms over the COVID-19 pandemic period (March 2020 to March 2021) in England, comparing this with trends from a decade before (2009–2019) as well as after (2021–2023); (b) compare the mental health impact of each of the three lockdowns in England with periods of eased restrictions, determining who was most affected; (c) examine the impact of demographics and distinct time periods on the prevalence of mental health symptoms.

Method
A secondary analysis of a national longitudinal cohort study, utilising data from Waves 1–13 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study and from Waves 1–9 of the COVID-19 Survey. Mental health was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Student t-tests and logistical regressions were conducted.

Results
There was a significant increase in the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of mental health during England's pandemic period, encompassing three lockdowns, compared with the average of rates from 10 years before. Rates of reported mental health symptoms were not significantly different across each lockdown, but were significantly higher than pre-pandemic rates, declining with eased restrictions. Rates from the end of lockdown to May 2023 revealed elevated mental health symptoms compared with pre-pandemic. Elevated symptoms were observed for women, people homeworking, those with health conditions, individuals aged 30–45 years and those experiencing loneliness.

Conclusion
Repeated lockdowns in England had a substantial impact on mental health, indicating requirements for ongoing mental health support.
Phase Ib Study of BI 836880 (VEGF/Ang2 nanobody) in Combination With Ezabenlimab (anti–PD-1 antibody) in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors
Authors: Girard Nicolas , Felip Enriqueta , Kim Dong-Wan , Ghiringelli Francois , Lee Jong-Seok , Pons-Tostivint Elvire , Erzen Damijan , Zhu Zheng , Jappar Dilara , Pachón Paula , Meyer Tim 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
This phase Ib study investigated the safety and antitumor activity of BI 836880, a bispecific nanobody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2, and ezabenlimab, an anti–PD-1 antibody, in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.

METHODS

This was an open-label, multinational study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT03468426
) conducted in two parts. Part 1 was a dose-escalation phase to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of BI 836880 in combination with ezabenlimab in patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Part 2 was an expansion phase investigating the efficacy and safety of the combination at the RP2D in eight cohorts, on the basis of tumor type. The primary end point of part 2 was objective response rate (ORR).

RESULTS
Overall, 14 patients were recruited in part 1 and 238 in part 2. In part 1, the maximum tolerated dose of the combination was not reached; the RP2D was BI 836880 720 mg plus ezabenlimab 240 mg every 3 weeks. In part 2, the ORR was 18.9% across all cohorts. In the mNSCLC cohorts, ORRs were 16.7% (after checkpoint inhibitor [CPI] monotherapy) and 7.5% (after chemotherapy + CPI). Notably higher rates were seen in patients with glioblastoma (GBM; 22.6%); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had previously received sorafenib or lenvatinib (40.0%); and previously untreated HCC (25.8%). The combination was well tolerated; the most common adverse events in part 2 were asthenia (27.3%), hypertension (21.4%), and diarrhea (20.2%).

CONCLUSION
BI 836880 combined with ezabenlimab had a positive benefit-risk ratio, with a manageable safety profile and signs of antitumor activity across a wide range of tumor types, with particularly promising activity in patients with HCC and GBM.
Rapidly Growing Thyroid Schwannoma: Diagnostic Challenges and Management Strategies
Authors: Toloza Freddy J K , Filie Armando , Raffeld Mark , Kebebew Electron , Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Joanna , Gubbi Sriram 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thyroid nodules are one of the most commonly encountered conditions in clinical endocrinology. Most thyroid nodules are of epithelial origin. However, primary thyroid mesenchymal tumors (TMTs), arising from the mesenchymal tissue, are being increasingly recognized. More than 20 different forms of benign and malignant TMTs have been described in the literature. Thyroid schwannoma is an extremely rare type of TMT, with only a few cases reported to date, accounting for less than 1% of all schwannomas. It primarily affects adults, with no significant sex predilection, and is often discovered incidentally during evaluation for thyroid nodules. Due to its rarity, the clinical presentation and natural history remain poorly understood, underscoring the importance of histopathological examination for accurate diagnosis and management. We describe a case of a patient with thyroid schwannoma who was diagnosed and managed at our center, contributing valuable insights to the limited body of knowledge on this rare entity. This is followed by a detailed description of the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of thyroid schwannomas.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Pollastri Alessio , Kovacs Peter , Keller Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metabolic diseases affect a consistent part of the human population, leading to rising mortality rates. This raises the need for diagnostic tools to monitor the progress of these diseases. Lately, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for various metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. CfDNA is released from apoptotic and necrotic cells into the bloodstream and other body fluids, and it retains various molecular signatures of its tissue of origin. Thus, cfDNA load and composition can reflect tissue pathologies and systemic metabolic dysfunctions. In addition to its potential as a diagnostic biomarker, interest in cfDNA derives from its recently discovered role in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. This review discusses detection methods and clinical significance of cfDNA in metabolic diseases.
Canonical Wnt signalling from the area opaca induces and maintains the marginal zone in pre-primitive-streak stage chick embryos
Authors: Fadaili Yara , Lu Hui-Chun , Lee Hyung Chul , Ryazapova Amra , Stern Claudio D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
In chick embryos before primitive streak formation, the outermost extra-embryonic region, known as the area opaca (AO), was generally thought to act only by providing nutrients and mechanical support to the embryo. Immediately internal to the AO is a ring of epiblast called the marginal zone (MZ), separating the former from the inner area pellucida (AP) epiblast. The MZ does not contribute cells to any part of the embryo but is involved in determining the position of primitive streak formation from the adjacent AP epiblast. Recently, it was discovered that the AO can induce an MZ from AP epiblast. Here, we explore the nature of this inductive signal. We find that WNT8C is highly expressed in the AO, whereas canonical Wnt pathway targets are enriched in the MZ, along with strong nuclear β-catenin localization. Using isolation and recombination experiments combined with gain- and loss-of-function by exogenous chemical modulators of the pathway, we reveal that Wnt signalling is essential for induction and maintenance of the MZ, as well as sufficient to induce MZ properties in AP epiblast. We propose that canonical Wnt signalling is responsible for induction of the MZ by the area opaca.
Review of Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy: Risks, Complications and Management
Authors: Kałuziak Patrycja , Parys Jakub , Mikosińska Agnieszka , Kaźmierczak Martyna , Jajczak Marta , Mossakowski Maciej , Witek Aleksandra , Litwin Mateusz , Jesionek Stanisław 
Published: January 2025

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in pregnant women due to significant changes during gestation. UTIs can affect any part of the urinary system and are typically caused by bacteria, though fungi and viruses can also be responsible. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB is frequent in pregnancy and must be treated to prevent serious maternal and fetal complications. Routine screening for ASB is standard in prenatal care, and treatment with safe, effective antibiotics is essential. Preventive strategies also help reduce UTI during pregnancy.
Aim of the study: The study aimed to explore the changes that occur during gestation, which predispose pregnant women to UTIs, assess the diagnostic methods and select the most effective treatment to prevent complications.
State of knowledge: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common perinatal complications, with higher prevalence in pregnancy due to changes that occur during gestation. UTIs can perform as asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), cystitis and pyelonephritis, which can result in severe complications. Clinical guidelines recommend screening for ASB in early pregnancy and prescribing a short course of antibiotics if detected. Escherichia coli is the most common cause of UTIs. As most antibiotics cross the placenta, treatment must be safe for the fetus and effective against the pathogens. Guidelines recommend short courses of antibiotics.
Conclusions: UTIs in pregnancy are common and lead to serious complications if untreated. Pregnant women are more susceptible to UTIs due changes that occur during gestation. Healthcare professionals play a critical role in managing UTIs during pregnancy. Early detection through routine screening and prompt treatment is crucial for optimal outcomes. Healthcare professionals, including obstetricians, should educate patients on preventive measures and recognizing early UTI symptoms.
Abbreviations: UTIs- urinary tract infections; ASB- asymptomatic bacteriuria
Design and analysis of a linear astigmatism-free confocal off-axis reflective collimator for aerial applications
Authors: Jung Daehan , Kim Changgon , Kim Dohoon , Han Jimin , Yu Heejung , Pak Soojong , Kim Moonkyung , Hwang Sunglyoung , Nam Sanghyun 
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design and analysis of a linear
astigmatism-free confocal off-axis reflective collimator for
line-of-sight alignment in multi-wavelength/multi-field-of-view
optical sensor modules. Comprising two off-axis mirrors and one flat
mirror, the collimator has a 73 mm entrance pupil diameter and
a 1200 mm focal length. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo
simulations using Optic Studio (ZEMAX) confirmed that the design meets
all specified requirements. Stray light analysis shows that stray
light is effectively blocked by the optomechanical structures only,
eliminating the need for additional baffle structures. A
semi-kinematic mount ensures assembly precision, while modal analysis
indicates a fundamental frequency of 232.55 Hz, ensuring
durability in aerial operations.
Stage-specific expression and divergent functions of two insulinase-like proteases associated with host infectivity in Cryptosporidium
Authors: Huang Yue , Pei Shifeng , Lv Xin , Yang Fuxian , Gong Xiaoqing , Li Na , Guo Yaqiong , Feng Yaoyu , Xiao Lihua 
Published: January 2025

Background
The determinants of differences in host infectivity among Cryptosporidium species and subtypes are poorly understood. Results from recent comparative genomic studies suggest that gains and losses of multicopy subtelomeric genes encoding insulinase-like proteases (INS-19 and INS-20 in Cryptosporidium parvum and their orthologs in closely related species) may potentially contribute to these differences.

Methodology/Principal findings
In this study, we investigated the expression and biological function of the INS-19 and INS-20 of C. parvum. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to endogenously tag both genes with the hemagglutinin epitope. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that INS-19 and INS-20 are expressed at different developmental stages of the pathogen. Although knockout of either had no detectable effect on the in vitro growth of C. parvum, knockout of INS-20, deletion of its multiple domains, or mutation of the active motif in the functional domain reduced the intensity of C. parvum infection in IFN-γ knockout mice. Consistent with this, mice infected with the INS-20-deleted mutant had reduced intestinal damage and parasite burden.

Conclusions/Significance
These results suggest that INS-19 and INS-20 have stage-specific expression with distinct biological functions, and that the presence of the INS-20 in zoonotic C. parvum contributes to its infectivity and fitness in mice.
Early therapy contributes to the normalization of platelet in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome during the convalescent phase
Authors: Xue Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaolei , Lin Ling , Niu Wenjing , Jiang Zhouling , Liu Kehang , Xu Yanli , Liu Youde , Chen Zhihai 
Published: January 2025

Background
Platelet recovery was an important prognostic indicator in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). This study focused on risk factors affecting platelet recovery in surviving SFTS patients, which can assist clinicians in the early screening of patients associated with a greater risk of mortality.

Method
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of SFTS patients admitted to Yantai Qishan Hospital throughout 2023. According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline (2023 edition), the platelet recovery in 14 days was set as outcome. The multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent risk factors affecting platelet recovery and the Kaplan-Meier was performed to evaluate the probability of 14-day platelet recovery, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) to measure the model’s performance, with clinical benefit assessed by decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
168 SFTS patients were enrolled in the study, with 76.2% (128/168) achieving platelet (PLT) recovery within 14 days. Independent risk factors were baseline PLT > 90 × 109/L (HR: 7.929, 95%CI: 1.066–58.990, P = 0.043), days from onset to admission >6 days (HR: 0.444, 95%CI: 0.259–0.763, P = 0.003) and baseline prothrombin time (PT) >13 s (HR: 0.547, 95%CI: 0.373–0.800, P = 0.002), with an AUC of 0.745 (95% CI: 0.656–0.834, P < 0.001). DCA demonstrated that when the recovery probability beyond approximately 50%, the clinical net benefit from focusing on the PLT stratification model consistently surpassed that from the all-intervention model. The nomogram further visualized the model.

Conclusion
Early diagnosis and timely therapy contributed to recovery during convalescence in SFTS patients, with baseline PT as a strong predictor.
Supervised exercise-based rehabilitation for people with intermittent claudication–Study protocol for a Danish implementation process (StRiDE)
Authors: Hajdú Sara Fredslund , Bøgard Helle , Aagaard Thomas Vedste , Roikjær Stine Gundtoft , Simonÿ Charlotte , Dalhoff Anne , Houlind Kim , Luijk Alexander , Ulriksen Ida , Jensen Lotte Therkildsen , Skou Søren T. , Tang Lars Hermann 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Intermittent claudication is a peripheral artery disease caused by arteriosclerosis. People with intermittent claudication experience leg cramping during walking, with relief of symptoms during rest. Evidence shows that by participating in supervised exercise therapy and smoking cessation programs, people with intermittent claudication can reduce those symptoms and improve health-related quality of life and maximal walking distance while minimizing the need for an operation. However, implementation of such health-promoting initiatives in clinical practice in Denmark and other countries is limited. This is a protocol presenting the implementation process of supervised exercise therapy and smoking cessation in a region of Denmark.

Methods and analysis
The implementation process is a collaboration between the municipalities in the Region of Zealand and the Department of Vascular Surgery at University Hospital Zealand. The study uses a convergent mixed-methods prospective clinical cohort design, and the theoretical frame of this implementation process follows the framework for Adapting an existing intervention to a new context (ADAPT). The process involves stakeholder engagement, ongoing evaluation through key performance indicators and relevant outcomes that will inform the implementation process across and within each municipality.

Dissemination
Dissemination will happen throughout the process through continued meetings with stakeholders and dissemination of performance indicators and outcome results obtained through a database. All information about the study and material will be freely available. The project is registred on Clinicalgov (NCT06299956).