bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productive and physiological responses of feedlot cattle receiving different sources of Ca salts of fatty acids in the finishing diet
Authors: Cooke Reinaldo F , Colombo Eduardo A , Mackey Shea J , Pickett Autumn T , Batista Luiz Fernando D , Pohler Ky G , de Souza Osvaldo A , Cappellozza Bruno I , Brandão Alice P 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated productive and physiological responses in feedlot cattle receiving a finishing diet that included Ca salts of palm oil (CSPALM), or a blend of Ca salts of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oils (CSMIX). Ninety yearling steers were housed in 15 pens equipped with Calan-gate feeders (6 steers/pen). Steers within each pen were stratified by shrunk body weight (BW; 410 ± 3.3 kg across pens) on d 0 and assigned to receive a total-mixed ration (TMR) containing (dry matter basis) 2.2% of CSPALM (n = 30), 2.2% of CSMIX (n = 30), or no supplemental fat (CON; n = 30). Individual TMR intake was evaluated weekly. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 28, 56, 91, 119, and 147. Samples of the Longissimus muscle (LM) were collected on d 84 via biopsy. Upon slaughter on d 148, hot carcass weight (HCW) was recorded to estimate final BW (63% dressing), and one LM steak sample (2.54 cm thickness) was removed from the right side of each carcass. Steer ADG was greater (P = 0.02) for CSMIX compared with CSPALM and tended to be greater (P = 0.09) for CSMIX compared with CON. The gain:feed ratio was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CSMIX compared with CSPALM and CON, and carcass LM area was less (P = 0.01) for CSPALM compared with CSMIX and CON. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.21) for TMR intake, final BW, and other carcass merit traits including marbling. Mean plasma cholesterol concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in CSMIX and CSPALM compared with CON, and mRNA expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein in the LM on d 84 was greater (P ≤ 0.04) in CSPALM compared with CSMIX and CON. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.15) for plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and leptin, nor for other LM genes associated with marbling and muscle growth. Concentrations of total fatty acids (FA) in plasma and LM steak samples were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in CSMIX compared with CSPALM and CON, and greater (P &lt; 0.01) in the LM samples of CSPALM compared with CON. Steers receiving CSMIX had greater (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations of polyunsaturated and ω-6 FA in plasma and LM steak samples compared with CSPALM and CON. Supplementing CSMIX improved gain efficiency and FA profile in the LM of feedlot steers compared with the CON diet, but the same responses were not observed when CSPALM was offered. Perhaps the advantages from CSMIX supplementation resulted from increasing the supply of polyunsaturated and ω-6 FA to the finishing diet.
Medial approach for hip arthroscopy: a case report to access and treat osteoid osteoma of the medial femoral neck
Authors: Pierre Kinsley J , Safran Marc R 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
A 15-year-old, otherwise healthy, female presented with right hip pain, which had worsened over 2 years. Radiographs, computed tomography imaging and physical examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma of the proximal posteromedial femoral neck of the right hip. After failed conservative measures, including attempted radiofrequency ablation, and with persistent unrelenting pain, surgical intervention was offered. The location of the lesion made it challenging to consider hip arthroscopy using standard arthroscopic portals, due to medial periarticular neurovascular structures. The options included open surgical dislocation and the less invasive, yet uncommonly utilized hip arthroscopy using medial portals. An arthroscopic approach using medial portals allowed for complete excision of the lesion and successful resolution of her symptoms.
Semiautomatic contour tracking method for biological object segmentation in thin-section electron microscope images with modified zero DC component–type Gabor wavelets
Authors: Maeda Gen , Baba Misuzu , Baba Norio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn electron microscopic image processing, artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful method for segmentation. Because creating training data remains time-consuming and burdensome, a simple and accurate segmentation tool, which is effective and does not rely on manual drawings, is necessary to create training data for AI and to support immediate image analysis. A Gabor wavelet–based contour tracking method has been devised as a step toward realizing such a tool. Although many papers on Gabor filter–based and Gabor filter bank–based texture segmentations have been published, previous studies did not apply the Gabor wavelet–based method to straightforwardly detect membrane-like ridges and step edges for segmentation because earlier works used a nonzero DC component–type Gabor wavelets. The DC component has a serious flaw in such detection. Although the DC component can be removed by a formula that satisfies the wavelet theory or by a log-Gabor function, this is not practical for the proposed scheme. Herein, we devised modified zero DC component–type Gabor wavelets. The proposed method can practically confine a wavelet within a small image area. This type of Gabor wavelet can appropriately track various contours of organelles appearing in thin-section transmission electron microscope images prepared by the freeze-substitution fixation method. The proposed method not only more accurately tracks ridge and step edge contours but also tracks pattern boundary contours consisting of slightly different image patterns. Simulations verified these results.
Trouble in Tiger country: isolated traumatic pancreatic transection – a case report
Authors: Ramzee Ahmed Faidh , Bakhsh Zeenat Khuda , Al Jogol Hisham , Rizoli Sandro , Peralta Ruben , El-Menyar Ayman , Al-Thani Hassan , AlMadani Ammar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIsolated pancreatic transection is a rare surgical condition that occurs more commonly following blunt abdominal trauma. It carries a high degree of morbidity and mortality, and the management remains a source of debate as universally accepted guidelines are not well established owing to the paucity in clinical experience and large series. We presented a case of an isolated pancreatic transection following blunt abdominal trauma. The surgical management of pancreatic transection has evolved over the decades from aggressive approaches to more conservative measures. Given the lack of large series and clinical experience, no universal consensus exists, except for applying damage control surgery and resuscitation principles in critically unstable patients. For transections of the main pancreatic duct, most recommend excision of the distal pancreas. Concerns over the iatrogenic complications of wide excisions, particularly diabetes mellitus, have led to reconsideration and more conservative approaches, but it may fail in some cases.
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MiNEN) in gallbladder with liver metastasis of neuroendocrine carcinoma component: a case report
Authors: In Park Se , Lee Jae Won , Zhiang Joo Ho , Chung Yeon Seung , Chung Moon Jae , Kim Sung Hyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder are rare with a lack of established standardized therapeutic strategies. We report a case of gallbladder mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm with liver metastasis of neuroendocrine carcinoma. A patient who underwent radical cholecystectomy for gallbladder adenocarcinoma was detected with increasing liver mass, and hepatectomy was performed. Pathological report revealed neuroendocrine carcinoma. To find primary origin, pathological review of the old specimen from previous cholecystectomy with a slightly different perspective was conducted, where the neuroendocrine component was positively dyed. In conclusion, though it might be impossible to review every pathological result in cases with ambiguous findings, reviewing the previous specimen can be a useful option in diagnosis.
Associations Among PTSD, Cognitive Functioning, and Health-Promoting Behavior in Post-9/11 Veterans
Authors: Lawrence Karen A , Garcia-Willingham Natasha E , Slade Emily , DeBeer Bryann B , Meyer Eric C , Morissette Sandra B 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
PTSD is associated with negative health behaviors that increase chronic disease risk, yet health behaviors and their determinants are not well investigated in this context. One understudied mechanism of health behaviors is cognitive functioning. Deficits in cognitive functioning may undermine engagement in health-promoting behavior, thereby increasing the negative impact of PTSD. We tested three hypotheses: (1) Greater PTSD symptom severity is associated with less health-promoting behavior; (2) greater PTSD symptom severity is associated with poorer cognitive functioning across verbal memory, processing speed, attention, and executive functioning domains; and (3) verbal memory and executive functioning exhibit indirect effects on the relationship between PTSD and health-promoting behavior.

Materials and Methods
We examined associations between PTSD symptom severity (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV), cognitive functioning, and health-promoting behavior (Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II) in 124 post-9/11 veterans (average age = 37.82; 85.5% male; 63.7% White; 18.5% Black; 26.6% Hispanic). Cognitive domains examined included verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test), processing speed (Digit Symbol Coding), attention and working memory (Digit Span), and executive functions (Trail Making Test and Stroop Interference).

Results
Regression analyses indicated that greater PTSD symptom severity was associated with less health-promoting behavior (B = −.0101, SE = 0.0016, P &lt; .0001; R2 = 0.3052). Path analyses revealed that verbal learning and memory partially accounted for this relationship (R2 = 0.037- 0.043; P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Therapeutic targeting of these relationships may have implications for the prevention of long-term disease impact in veterans; longitudinal research is needed to elucidate the potential impact on chronic disease.
Absence of the predicted 2022 October outburst of OJ 287 and implications for binary SMBH scenarios
Authors: Komossa S , Grupe D , Kraus A , Gurwell M A , Haiman Z , Liu F K , Tchekhovskoy A , Gallo L C , Berton M , Blandford R , Gómez J L , Gonzalez A G 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The project MOMO (Multiwavelength Observations and Modelling of OJ 287) was set up to test predictions of binary supermassive black hole (SMBH) scenarios and to understand disc–jet physics of the blazar OJ 287. After a correction, the precessing binary (PB) SMBH model predicted the next main outburst of OJ 287 in 2022 October, making the outburst well observable and the model testable. We have densely covered this period in our ongoing multifrequency radio, optical, ultraviolet (UV), and X-ray monitoring. The predicted outburst was not detected. Instead, OJ 287 was at low optical–UV emission levels, declining further into November. The predicted thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum was not observed either, at any epoch. Further, applying scaling relations, we estimate an SMBH mass of OJ 287 of 108 M⊙. The latest in a sequence of deep low states that recur every 1–2 yr is used to determine an upper limit on the Eddington ratio and on the accretion-disc luminosity. This limit is at least a factor of 10 lower than required by the PB model with its massive primary SMBH of &gt;1010 M⊙. All these results favour alternative binary SMBH models of OJ 287 that require neither strong orbital precession nor a very large mass of the primary SMBH.
Spectro-polarimetric view of bright atoll source GX 9+9 using IXPE and AstroSat
Authors: Chatterjee Rwitika , Agrawal Vivek K , Jayasurya Kiran M , Katoch Tilak 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We have carried out the first spectro-polarimetric study of the bright NS-LMXB GX 9+9 using IXPE and AstroSat observations. We report a significant detection of polarization of $1.7\pm 0.4~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ over the 2–8 keV energy band, with a polarization angle of 63° ± 7°. The polarization is found to be energy-dependent, with a 3σ polarization degree consistent with null polarization in 2–4 keV, and 3.2 per cent in 4–8 keV. Typical of the spectra seen in NS-LMXBs, we find that a combination of soft thermal emission from the accretion disc and Comptonized component from the optically thick corona produces a good fit to the spectra. We also attempt to infer the individual polarization of these components, and obtain a 3σ upper limit of $\sim 11~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on the polarization degree of the thermal component, and constrain that of the Comptonized component to $\sim 3~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. We comment on the possible corona geometry of the system based on our results.
Copper homeostasis and the ubiquitin proteasome system
Authors: Zhang Bichao , Burke Richard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Copper is involved in many physiological pathways and important biological processes as a cofactor of several copper-dependent enzymes. Given the requirement for copper and its potential toxicity, intracellular copper levels are tightly controlled. Disturbances of human copper homeostasis are characterized by disorders of copper overload (Wilson’s disease) or copper deficiency (Menkes disease). The maintenance of cellular copper levels involves numerous copper transporters and copper chaperones. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that components of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) participate in the posttranslational regulation of these proteins, suggesting that they might play a role in maintaining copper homeostasis. Cellular copper levels could also affect the activity of the UPS, indicating that copper homeostasis and the UPS are interdependent. Copper homeostasis and the UPS are essential to the integrity of normal brain function and while separate links between neurodegenerative diseases and UPS inhibition/copper dyshomeostasis have been extensively reported, there is growing evidence that these two networks might contribute synergistically to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of copper and the UPS in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and discuss the genetic interactions between copper transporters/chaperones and components of the UPS.
Two Levels of Understanding
Authors: Rank Mark Robert 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 argues that there are two levels of understanding impoverishment. On one hand, it can be ascertained who is more likely to experience poverty through the impact that human capital exerts on creating individual economic vulnerability discussed in Chapter 4. On the other hand, why poverty occurs in the first place can be largely understood through failings at the structural level. These failings include a lack of decent-paying jobs and a weak social safety net. The analogy of musical chairs is used to illustrate these processes. Like a large-scale game of musical chairs, there are many more people competing for decent opportunities, such as livable wage jobs versus the number of such opportunities available. The chapter concludes by presenting a schematic model diagramming the structural vulnerability framework.
The Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities
Authors: Braveman Paula 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This book not only poses the question, What influences health? but also asks, What influences the influences? It examines current scientific knowledge of how social factors—such as wealth, education, neighborhood characteristics, and racism—and the factors such as power and social values that influence social factors shape health and health disparities. Throughout, readers are challenged to look “upstream” at the root or fundamental causes of good and ill health rather than considering only the more visible “downstream” causes that were set in motion by the more fundamental but often hidden upstream factors. The book reviews the critical mass of knowledge that has accumulated on the social determinants of health, which has documented associations, explored causal pathways and biological mechanisms, and provided a previously unavailable scientific foundation for appreciating the role of social factors in health. The questions are no longer whether social factors influence health and health disparities but, rather, how they do so and how best to intervene. Each of the chapters discusses knowledge of how a given social determinant—income and wealth, education, stress, racism, neighborhoods, housing, work, and behaviors—affects health and health disparities (health differences adversely affecting socially disadvantaged groups of people). Each chapter also discusses the upstream influences on that determinant and potential interventions. Key points and questions for discussion are provided for each chapter to assist instructors of university courses in public health, public policy, and related fields.
Assessing and Managing Your Concussion
Authors: Jaffee Michael S. , Broshek Donna K. , Svingos Adrian M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
One of the primary goals of the initial concussion assessment is to ensure that the injured person is safe and to rule out more serious forms of brain injury. It is absolutely critical to be evaluated by a clinician after a suspected concussion so that they can rule out a more serious form of brain injury and provide the patient with an individualized plan to best promote recovery. The clinician will look for red flags, or signs that could indicate a more serious injury and will warrant further testing, including repeated vomiting, decreased alertness, worsening severe headache, and visual field cuts. Once a more severe injury is ruled out, the clinician or health care provider can give the patient accurate information about the specific injury and can transition toward helping them best manage their symptoms and develop a plan to optimize recovery.
Setting the Stage for Recovery
Authors: Jaffee Michael S. , Broshek Donna K. , Svingos Adrian M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Most concussions resolve without any complications, but having a concussion can be both distressing and disruptive. One of the most important things patients can do to promote a smooth recovery is related to their mindset and expectations about recovery. It is normal to experience symptoms after a concussion, but patients should not expect these symptoms to become their new normal. Staying hydrated and eating well-balanced healthy meals can be helpful as well. Recent studies demonstrate that staying physically active after an injury can also be helpful. While a subset of individuals will experience symptoms that persist after a concussion, these symptoms are treatable and may actually be persisting due to contributions from comorbid conditions. This highlights the importance of receiving an evaluation from a medical provider and receiving an accurate diagnosis and appropriate education about your individual condition to best support recovery.
Concussions in School-Age Children and Adolescents
Authors: Jaffee Michael S. , Broshek Donna K. , Svingos Adrian M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Children and adolescents are at increased risk of getting concussions, and research has shown that they may also take longer to recover. Parents who suspect their child has sustained a concussion should closely monitor the child’s behavior and mood and discuss any relevant changes with the child’s pediatrician or other health care provider. Careful questioning and observation by the health care provider and information obtained from parents or other family members can be helpful in identifying symptoms. Management of concussion in school-age children and adolescents involves paced return to activities with guidance from a health care provider.
Military Concussions
Authors: Jaffee Michael S. , Broshek Donna K. , Svingos Adrian M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter discussed the common mechanisms of military concussion, some of the unique challenges military personnel may experience with a concussion, the process in which military personnel are screened for a concussion in theater, and how military concussions are managed. As with athletes who sustain a suspected concussion while playing a sport, military personnel need to be promptly removed from the combat situation and carefully evaluated. Any associated symptoms, such as polytrauma or posttraumatic stress, should be incorporated into a comprehensive treatment plan. Standardized protocols are then used to rule out more severe injuries and to ensure a safe return to duty.
Conclusion
Authors: Jaffee Michael S. , Broshek Donna K. , Svingos Adrian M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This book was written to help patients navigating through the challenges of concussion. The authors explained what a concussion is, how it is acutely diagnosed, what the early symptoms can feel like, and how these symptoms may affect the patient physically, emotionally, and cognitively. Information was provided on what to expect for recovery and what to do if symptoms don’t improve after a few weeks. Chapters were devoted to concussion in special populations, including children, athletes, employees, military personnel, and older adults. Much has been learned about concussion over the years, and the future will be exciting as technological and research advancements bring us to the next generation of concussion care.
Court orders for young offenders
Authors: Easton Susan , Piper Christine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter first considers the range of civil orders available to the courts in responding to anti-social or criminal behavior by children and young people. It therefore focusses on the criminal behaviour orders and injunctions as well as the community remedy. It then looks at the options available to the sentencing court in relation to criminal offending and so refers in particular to the referral order and the Youth Offender Panel, the youth rehabilitation order and the detention and training order. We note the welcome fall in the number of children in prison but note the increase in the average custodial sentence length. The chapter also discusses selected aspects of conditions in secure accommodation and reviews the role and achievements of using rights in responding to problematic issues.
Reparations and War
Authors: Moffett Luke 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
War devastates the lives of those who are caught up in it. For thousands of years reparations have been used to secure the end of war and alleviate its deleterious consequences. More recently human rights law has established that victims have a right to reparations. Yet in the face of conflicts that last for decades with millions of victims, how feasible it is to deliver reparations? This book, drawing from interviews with dozens of victims, ex-combatants, government officials, and civil society actors in six post-conflict countries, examines the history, theoretical justifications, and practical challenges of implementing reparations after war. Importantly it argues that reparation success rests on the struggle of victims against the hegemony of States and unwillingness of other responsible actors to remedy the past. To secure implementation involves finding a goldilocks zone between victims’ rights and societal interests, as well as encouraging those responsible for causing such carnage in war to make amends to those left suffering the consequences. Reparations offer the promise of a better future for victims caught up in war, but just because the guns have been silenced, this does not mean that the contestation of the legitimacy of war, who is a victim, and who deserves to benefit from scarce resources has ceased. This book sheds new light on the role of non-State armed groups in making reparations, the role of victim mobilization, the evolving use of reparations, and the political instrumentalization of redress.