bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomogram predicting overall prognosis for invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: a SEER-based population study
Authors: Liu Jianpeng , Xi Wei , Zhou Jiahao , Gao Wei , Wu Qiaolin 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe prognosis of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is determined by many clinicopathological factors. This study aims to identify prognostic factors and develop reliable nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) in patients with IMPC.DesignLog-rank test and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to identify variables and construct a nomogram based on the training cohort. C-index and calibration curves were performed to evaluate the performance of the model in the training cohort and validation cohorts.SettingWe collected the patient data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. This database holds data related to the cancer incidence from 18 population-based cancer registries in the USA.ParticipantsThe SEER database was used to screen 754 eligible patients as the study cohort. The whole cohort was randomly divided into a training cohort (n=377) and a validation cohort (n=377).ResultsAge at diagnosis, hormone receptors, number of positive regional lymph nodes and clinical stage were independent prognostic factors for patients with IMPC. The calibration curves presented excellent consistency between the actual and nomogram-predict survival probabilities in the training and validation cohorts. The C-index values of the nomogram were 0.794 and 0.774 for OS in the training and validation cohorts, respectively.ConclusionsThe novel nomogram provides new insights of the risk of each prognostic factor and can assist doctors in predicting the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS in patients with IMPC.
Ongoing symptoms and functional impairment 12 weeks after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 or influenza in Australia: an observational cohort study
Authors: Brown Matthew , Gerrard John , McKinlay Lynne , Marquess John , Sparrow Teneika , Andrews Ross 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveIn a highly vaccinated Australian population, we aimed to compare ongoing symptoms and functional impairment 12 weeks after PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection with PCR-confirmed influenza infection.Methods and analysisThe study commenced on a positive PCR test for either COVID-19 or influenza in June 2022 during concurrent waves of both viruses. Participants were followed up 12 weeks later in September 2022 and self-reported ongoing symptoms and functional impairment. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, First Nations status, vaccination status and socioeconomic profile.ResultsThere were 2195 and 951 participants in the COVID-19 and influenza-positive cohorts, respectively. After controlling for potential predictor variables, we found no evidence to suggest that adults with COVID-19 were more likely to have ongoing symptoms (21.4% vs 23.0%, aOR 1.18; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.50) or moderate-to-severe functional impairment (4.1% vs 4.4%, OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.20) at 12 weeks after their diagnosis than adults who had influenza.ConclusionsIn a highly vaccinated population exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, long COVID may manifest as a postviral syndrome of no greater severity than seasonal influenza but differing in terms of the volume of people affected and the potential impact on health systems. This study underscores the importance of long COVID research featuring an appropriate comparator group.Trial registration numberACTRN12623000041651.
Analogue gravity and the island prescription
Authors: Parvizi Shahrokh , Shahbazi Mojtaba 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnalogue gravity succeeded to simulate Hawking radiation and test it in laboratories. In this setting, the black hole is simulated by an area in a fluid, say water, where no sound wave can escape the event horizon and phonon oscillations are detected as Hawking radiation. This means that the analogue simulations can provide an alternative description, and consequently, a new insight to the high energy physics problems. Now it would be interesting to see what information loss means and how island prescription is interpreted in water experiment. In this paper we show that the analogue of information loss is the loss of momentum per unit mass of the fluid over the horizon and maintaining the momentum loss leads to the island prescription.
Confront $$f(R,T)={\mathcal {R}}+\beta T$$ modified gravity with the massive pulsar $${\textit{PSR J0740+6620}}$$
Authors: Nashed G. G. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany physically inspired general relativity (GR) modifications predict significant deviations in the properties of spacetime surrounding massive neutron stars. Among these modifications is $$f({\mathcal {R}}, {\mathbb {T}})$$

f
(
R
,
T
)

, where $${\mathcal {R}}$$
R
is the Ricci scalar, $$ {\mathbb {T}}$$
T
is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor, the gravitational theory that is thought to be a neutral extension of GR. Neutron stars with masses above 1.8 $$M_{\odot }$$

M
⊙

expressed as radio pulsars are precious tests of fundamental physics in extreme conditions unique in the observable universe and unavailable to terrestrial experiments. We obtained an exact analytical solution for anisotropic perfect-fluid spheres in hydrostatic equilibrium using the frame of the linear form of $$f({\mathcal {R}},{\mathbb {T}})={\mathcal {R}}+\beta {\mathbb {T}}$$

f
(
R
,
T
)
=
R
+
β
T

where $$\beta $$
β
is a dimensional parameter. We show that the dimensional parameter $$\beta $$
β
and the compactness, $$C=\frac{2GM}{Rc^2}$$

C
=

2
G
M

R

c
2

can be used to express all physical quantities within the star. We fix the dimensional parameter $$\beta $$
β
to be at most $$\beta _1=\frac{\beta }{\kappa ^2}= 0.1$$

β
1

=

β

κ
2

=
0.1

in positive values through the use of observational data from NICER and X-ray Multi-Mirror telescopes on the pulsar $${\textit{PSR J0740+6620}}$$

PSR J
0740
+
6620

, which provide information on its mass and radius. The mass and radius of the pulsar $${\textit{PSR J0740+6620}}$$

PSR J
0740
+
6620

were determined by analyzing data obtained from NICER and X-ray Multi-Mirror telescopes. It is important to mention that no assumptions about equations of state were made in this research. Nevertheless, the model demonstrates a good fit with linear patterns involving bag constants. Generally, when the dimensional parameter $$\beta $$
β
is positive, the theory predicts that a star of the same mass will have a slightly larger size than what is predicted by GR. It has been explained that the hydrodynamic equilibrium equation includes an additional force resulting from the coupling between matter and geometry. This force partially reduces the effect of gravitational force. As a result, we compute the maximum compactness allowed by the strong energy condition for $$f({\mathcal {R}}, {\mathbb {T}})={\mathcal {R}}+\beta {\mathbb {T}}$$

f
(
R
,
T
)
=
R
+
β
T

and for GR, which are $$C = 0.757$$

C
=
0.757

and 0.725, respectively. These values are approximately 3% higher than the prediction made by GR.. Furthermore, we estimate the maximum mass $$M\approx 4.26 M_{\odot }$$

M
≈
4.26

M
⊙

at a radius of $$R\approx 15.9$$

R
≈
15.9

km for the surface density at saturation nuclear density $$\rho _{\text {nuc}} = 2.7\times 10^{14}$$

ρ
nuc

=
2.7
×

10
14

g/cm$$^3$$

3

.
Graph Learning Augmented Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for Social Recommendation
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Wu Lingfei , Shen Qi , Pang Yitong , Wei Zhihua , Xu Fangli , Chang Ethan , Long Bo 
Published: August 2023

Social recommendation based on social network has achieved great success in improving the performance of the recommendation system. Since social network (user-user relations) and user-item interactions are both naturally represented as graph-structured data, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have thus been widely applied for social recommendation. Despite the superior performance of existing GNNs-based methods, there are still several severe limitations: (i) Few existing GNNs-based methods have considered a single heterogeneous global graph which takes into account user-user relations, user-item interactions, and item-item similarities simultaneously. That may lead to a lack of complex semantic information and rich topological information when encoding users and items based on GNN. (ii) Furthermore, previous methods tend to overlook the reliability of the original user-user relations which may be noisy and incomplete. (iii) More importantly, the item-item connections established by a few existing methods merely using initial rating attributes or extra attributes (such as category) of items, may be inaccurate or sub-optimal with respect to social recommendation. In order to address these issues, we propose an end-to-end heterogeneous global graph learning framework, namely
Graph Learning Augmented Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network
(GL-HGNN) for social recommendation. GL-HGNN aims to learn a heterogeneous global graph that makes full use of user-user relations, user-item interactions and item-item similarities in a unified perspective. To this end, we design a Graph Learner (GL) method to learn and optimize user-user and item-item connections separately. Moreover, we employ a Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network (HGNN) to capture the high-order complex semantic relations from our learned heterogeneous global graph. To scale up the computation of graph learning, we further present the Anchor-based Graph Learner (AGL) to reduce computational complexity. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
Electrochemical Determination of Paraquat Using Ordered Mesoporous Carbon (CMK-3) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Rajaram Rajendran , Kumar Sachin , Ramanujam Kothandaraman , Neelakantan Lakshman 
Published: August 2023

Ordered mesoporous carbon namely, CMK-3 was synthesized by nano casting method, and characterized using various physicochemical and electroanalytical tools like HESEM, HRTEM, BET, etc. Using Cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements on CMK-3 modified glassy carbon electrode (CMK-3/GCE) in the standard redox couple, [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, the electrochemical surface area was deduced as 0.081 cm2. The modified electrode was used as an electrocatalyst for the determination of one of the herbicides, paraquat (PQ). The modified electrode shows enhanced sensitivity for the determination of PQ in phosphate buffer solution at pH 9.2 as compared to bare GCE. The concentration dependant CV studies showed a linear variation in sensitivity in the concentration range of 60 μM to 450 μM. The effect of the scan rate shows a linear variation in sensitivity as a function of the square root of scan rate suggesting a diffusion-controlled process during the detection of PQ. Anodic stripping square wave voltammetry (ASSWV) reveals the sensitivity and limit of detection as 9.51 μA μM−1 and 64 nM, respectively. The interfering ability of the other foreign molecules like metal ions, environmental samples, biomolecules, and pesticides was analyzed using CMK-3/GCE. The results revealed that the electrode is able to sense paraquat, with the retention in sensitivity ranges between 91% and 102%. The real-time applicability of the electrode was examined using vegetable and fruit extracts. The analysis revealed that the recovery values were between 102 % – 105 %.
Development and Validation of a 15-gene Expression Signature with Superior Prognostic Ability in Stage II Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rokavec Matjaz , Özcan Elif , Neumann Jens , Hermeking Heiko 
Published: August 2023

Currently, there is no consensus about the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Here, we aimed to identify and validate a prognostic mRNA expression signature for the stratification of patients with stage II colorectal cancer according to their risk for relapse. First, publicly available mRNA expression profiling datasets from 792 primary, stage II colorectal cancers from six different training cohorts were analyzed to identify genes that are consistently associated with patient relapse-free survival (RFS). Second, the identified gene expression signature was experimentally validated using NanoString technology and computationally refined on primary colorectal cancer samples from 205 patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Third, the refined signature was validated in two independent publicly available cohorts of 166 patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Bioinformatics analysis of training cohorts identified a 61-gene signature that was highly significantly associated with RFS (HR = 37.08, P = 2.68*10−106, sensitivity = 89.29%, specificity = 89.61%, and AUC = 0.937). The experimental validation and refinement revealed a 15-gene signature that robustly predicted relapse in three independent cohorts: an in-house cohort (HR = 20.4, P = 8.73*10−23, sensitivity = 90.32%, specificity = 80.99%, AUC = 0.812), GSE161158 (HR = 5.81, P = 3.57*10−4, sensitivity = 64.29%, specificity = 81.67%, AUC = 0.796), and GSE26906 (HR = 7.698, P = 7.26*10−8, sensitivity = 61.54%, specificity = 78.33%, AUC = 0.752). In the pooled training cohort, the 15-gene signature (HR = 4.72, P = 7.76*10−25, sensitivity = 75%, specificity = 67.44%, AUC = 0.784) was superior to the Oncotype DX colon 7-gene signature (HR = 2.698, P = 6.3*10−8, sensitivity = 62.16%, specificity = 55.5%, AUC = 0.633). We report the identification and validation of a novel mRNA expression signature for robust prognostication and stratification of patients with stage II colorectal cancer, with superior performance in the analyzed validation cohorts when compared with clinicopathologic biomarkers and signatures currently used for stage II colorectal cancer prognostication.

Significance:
We identified and validated a 15-gene expression signature for robust prognostication and stratification of patients with stage II colorectal cancer, with superior performance when compared with currently used biomarkers. Therefore, the 15-gene expression signature has the potential to improve the prognostication and treatment decisions for patients with stage II colorectal cancer.
Genetic Evidence for Causal Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Mingxiao , Jiang Chao , Lai Yiwei , Wang Yufeng , Zhao Manlin , Li Sitong , Peng Xiaodong , He Liu , Guo Xueyuan , Li Songnan , Liu Nian , Jiang Chenxi , Tang Ribo , Sang Caihua , Long Deyong , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng 
Published: August 2023

Background
The knowledge gap regarding whether the correlation between atrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia in observational studies is causation or driven by other shared risk factors remains substantially unfilled.

Methods and Results

We performed a comprehensive 2‐sample Mendelian randomization study to evaluate the causal effect of AF on overall dementia and its subtypes, including vascular dementia, Alzheimer dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. The primary results in inverse variance–weighted analyses were further validated by various Mendelian randomization sensitivity analyses. Additionally, we conducted multivariable Mendelian randomization to examine 10 candidate mediators of the causal association of AF and dementia. Genetic predisposition to AF was modestly associated with an increased risk of overall dementia (odds ratio, 1.140 [95% CI, 1.023–1.271];
P
=0.018) and strongly associated with vascular dementia (odds ratio, 1.350 [95% CI, 1.076–1.695];
P
=0.010). Genetically predicted AF indicated neutral effects on Alzheimer dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. In multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis, the total effect of AF on overall dementia was remarkably attenuated by adjusting for genetic effect for ischemic stroke (odds ratio, 1.068 [95% CI, 0.953–1.197];
P
=0.259) and low cardiac output (odds ratio, 1.046 [95% CI, 0.926–1.181];
P
=0.475), indicating that the causal association of genetically predicted AF with dementia was potentially mediated by ischemic stroke and low cardiac output. The causal effect of genetically predicted AF on dementia was independent of cerebral small‐vessel disease and brain volume phenotypes.

Conclusions
Our findings provided novel evidence supporting the causal effect of genetically predicted AF on dementia mediated by ischemic stroke and low cardiac output. Future clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the potential role of appropriate AF management in dementia prevention.
Biomarker, Imaging, and Clinical Factors Associated With Overt and Covert Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: De Marchis Gian Marco , Krisai Philipp , Werlen Laura , Sinnecker Tim , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Dittrich Tolga D. , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Coslovsky Michael , Blum Manuel R. , Rodondi Nicolas , Reichlin Tobias , Moschovitis Giorgio , Wuerfel Jens , Lyrer Philippe A. , Fischer Urs , Conen David , Kastner Peter , Ziegler André , Osswald Stefan , Kühne Michael , Bonati Leo H. ,   for the Swiss-AF Investigators
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Atrial fibrillation is a major risk factor for stroke and silent brain infarcts. We studied whether a multimodal approach offers additional insights to the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score in predicting stroke or new brain infarcts on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over a 2-year follow-up.

METHODS:

Swiss-AF is a prospective, multicenter cohort study of patients with known atrial fibrillation. We included patients with available brain MRI both at enrollment and 2 years later. The dates of the baseline and follow-up visits ranged from March 2014 to November 2020. The primary outcome was assessed 2 years after baseline and was defined as a composite of clinically identified stroke or any new brain infarct on the 2-year MRI. We compared a multivariable logistic regression model including prespecified clinical, biomarker, and baseline MRI variables to the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score.

RESULTS:

We included 1232 patients, 89.8% of them taking oral anticoagulants. The primary outcome occurred in 78 patients (6.3%). The following baseline variables were included in the final multivariate model and were significantly associated with the primary outcome: white matter lesion volume in milliliters (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.91 [95% CI, 1.45–2.56]), NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; aOR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.20–2.63]), GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15; aOR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.11–2.53]), serum creatinine (aOR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.02–2.22]), IL (interleukin)-6 (aOR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.00–1.86]), and hFABP (heart-type fatty acid–binding protein; aOR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.31–0.73]). Overall performance and discrimination of the new model was superior to that of the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score (C statistic, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.77–0.87] versus 0.64 [95% CI, 0.58–0.70]).

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with atrial fibrillation, a model incorporating white matter lesion volume on baseline MRI and selected blood markers yielded new insights on residual stroke risk despite a high proportion of patients on oral anticoagulants. This may be relevant to develop further preventive measures.
Environmental Terrorism Twenty Years On
Authors: Chalecki Elizabeth L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 2002, a few months after 9/11, I published one of the very first academic examinations of environmental terrorism: what was included in this term and what wasn’t, who might commit such terrorism, and what sorts of environmental resources were vulnerable. Since then, it has been the subject of academic and government analyses. Now, twenty years later, it is time to revisit the concept in light of worsening anthropogenic climate change, the rise of authoritarian states and ecofascism, and gray-zone conflicts in international relations.
Can We Turn People into Pain Pumps? On the Rationality of Future Bias and Strong Risk Aversion
Authors: Braddon-Mitchell David , Latham Andrew J. , Miller Kristie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Future-bias is the preference, all else being equal, for negatively valenced events to be located in the past rather than the future, and positively valenced ones to be located in the future rather than the past. Strong risk aversion is the preference to pay some cost to mitigate the badness of the worst outcome. People who are both strongly risk averse and future-biased can face a series of choices that will guarantee them more pain, for no compensating benefit: they will be pain pumped. Thus, combining these preferences is rationally impermissible. Dougherty (2011) argues that this gives us reason to think that future-bias is rationally impermissible. This argument, and a similar one presented by Greene and Sullivan (2015), relies on the idea that if several preferences are not rationally combinable, then in the absence of some explanation of why they are not combinable, we should conclude that (at least) one of them is rationally impermissible. We take up this question by, inter alia, reflecting on the empirical results of a study we ran that probes people’s risk averse and future-biased preferences. We argue that the data, in conjunction with other considerations, suggests that we should not infer from the irrationality of the combination of these preferences to the irrationality of one of the preferences singly. We also argue that given the descriptive data about these preferences, there is no reason to think that, if one of them is rationally impermissible, then it is future-bias. Finally, we reflect on the general issue of whether individual preferences are rationally evaluable.
Durability and efficacy of the ELVeS® Radial® 2ring slim fiber for multiple ablations
Authors: Verbist Jürgen , Laeremans Veerle , Gryffroy Fien , Van den Eynde Wouter , Heerinckx Caroline , Haesen Dorien 
Published: August 2023

Objectives To prove that the ELVeS® Radial® 2ring slim fiber (Biolitec AG, Wien, Austria) is safe and effective, with a reliable fiber durability. Methods This prospective, non-randomized, registry recruited patients with venous incompetence of the great saphenous vein, with or without concomitant incompetence of the small, anterior accessory and posterior accessory saphenous veins. Anatomic success, clinical success and pain were assessed. Results 150 patients (410 veins) underwent endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). Mean number of veins treated was 2.7 (1–7) with a mean total length of 80.7 cm. 98.3% occlusions were observed after 12 months. Clinical improvement was significant with reduced venous clinical severity scores at 1 month (1.7 ±1.9; p < .0001) and 12 months (0.7 ±1.3; p < .0001) versus pre-operation (4.4 ± 2.2). Mean pain level after 1-week was 5.8/100. No major surgery- or device-related complications occurred. Conclusions 1470-nm EVLA with the 2ring slim fiber is a highly effective treatment option well tolerated by patients. Despite intensive use, fiber integrity was preserved. Clinical registration The study protocol was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03810677).