bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The latest edition of WHO and ELN guidance and a new risk model for Chinese acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Wang Jie , Wei Suhua , Zhao Juan , Xin Beibei , Li Guoqing , Zhao Jing , Wu Di , Luo Minna , Zhao Sijie , Chen Ying , Liu Haibo , Zhang Hailing , Wang Jingcheng , Wang Wenjuan , Wang Huaiyu , Xiong Hui , He Pengcheng 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveDiagnosis classification and risk stratification are crucial in the prognosis prediction and treatment selection of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we used a database of 536 AML patients to compare the 4th and 5th WHO classifications and the 2017 and 2022 versions of ELN guidance.MethodsAML patients were classified according to the 4th and 5th WHO classifications, as well as the 2017 and 2022 versions of the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidance. Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank tests were used for survival analysis.ResultsThe biggest change was that 25 (5.2%), 8 (1.6%), and 1 (0.2%) patients in the AML, not otherwise specified (NOS) group according to the 4th WHO classification, were re-classified into the AML-MR (myelodysplasia-related), KMT2A rearrangement, and NUP98 rearrangement subgroups based on the 5th WHO classification. Referring to the ELN guidance, 16 patients in the favorable group, six patients in the adverse group, and 13 patients in the intermediate group based on the 2017 ELN guidance were re-classified to the intermediate and adverse groups based on the 2022 ELN guidance. Regrettably, the Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the survival of intermediate and adverse groups could not be distinguished well according to either the 2017 or 2022 ELN guidance. To this end, we constructed a risk model for Chinese AML patients, in which the clinical information (age and gender), gene mutations (NPM1, RUNX1, SH2B3, and TP53), and fusions (CBFB::MYH11 and RUNX1::RUNX1T1) were included, and our model could help divide the patients into favorable, intermediate, and adverse groups.ConclusionThese results affirmed the clinical value of both WHO and ELN, but a more suitable prognosis model should be established in Chinese cohorts, such as the models we proposed.
Migraine with aura detection and subtype classification using machine learning algorithms and morphometric magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Mitrović Katarina , Petrušić Igor , Radojičić Aleksandra , Daković Marko , Savić Andrej 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionMigraine with aura (MwA) is a neurological condition manifested in moderate to severe headaches associated with transient visual and somatosensory symptoms, as well as higher cortical dysfunctions. Considering that about 5% of the world’s population suffers from this condition and manifestation could be abundant and characterized by various symptoms, it is of great importance to focus on finding new and advanced techniques for the detection of different phenotypes, which in turn, can allow better diagnosis, classification, and biomarker validation, resulting in tailored treatments of MwA patients.MethodsThis research aimed to test different machine learning techniques to distinguish healthy people from those suffering from MwA, as well as people with simple MwA and those experiencing complex MwA. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) post-processed data (cortical thickness, cortical surface area, cortical volume, cortical mean Gaussian curvature, and cortical folding index) was collected from 78 subjects [46 MwA patients (22 simple MwA and 24 complex MwA) and 32 healthy controls] with 340 different features used for the algorithm training.ResultsThe results show that an algorithm based on post-processed MRI data yields a high classification accuracy (97%) of MwA patients and precise distinction between simple MwA and complex MwA with an accuracy of 98%. Additionally, the sets of features relevant to the classification were identified. The feature importance ranking indicates the thickness of the left temporal pole, right lingual gyrus, and left pars opercularis as the most prominent markers for MwA classification, while the thickness of left pericalcarine gyrus and left pars opercularis are proposed as the two most important features for the simple and complex MwA classification.DiscussionThis method shows significant potential in the validation of MwA diagnosis and subtype classification, which can tackle and challenge the current treatments of MwA.
The long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the number and size of inhibitory interneurons in the rat amygdala and nucleus accumbens
Authors: Aleksic Dubravka , Poleksic Joko , Agatonovic Gorana , Djulejic Vuk , Vulovic Maja , Aksic Miljana , Reiss Gebhard , Hamad Mohammad I. K. , Jakovcevski Igor , Aksic Milan 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThere is an increasing evidence supporting the hypothesis that traumatic experiences during early developmental periods might be associated with psychopathology later in life. Maternal deprivation (MD) in rodents has been proposed as an animal model for certain aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders.MethodsTo determine whether early-life stress leads to changes in GABAergic, inhibitory interneurons in the limbic system structures, specifically the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, 9-day-old Wistar rats were exposed to a 24 h MD. On postnatal day 60 (P60), the rats were sacrificed for morphometric analysis and their brains were compared to the control group.ResultsResults show that MD affect GABAergic interneurons, leading to the decrease in density and size of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin-, calbindin-, and calretinin-expressing interneurons in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens.DiscussionThis study indicates that early stress in life leads to changes in the number and morphology of the GABAergic, inhibitory interneurons in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, most probably due to the loss of neurons during postnatal development and it further contributes to understanding the effects of maternal deprivation on brain development.
Self-supervised pretraining improves the performance of classification of task functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Shi Chenwei , Wang Yanming , Wu Yueyang , Chen Shishuo , Hu Rongjie , Zhang Min , Qiu Bensheng , Wang Xiaoxiao 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDecoding brain activities is one of the most popular topics in neuroscience in recent years. And deep learning has shown high performance in fMRI data classification and regression, but its requirement for large amounts of data conflicts with the high cost of acquiring fMRI data.MethodsIn this study, we propose an end-to-end temporal contrastive self-supervised learning algorithm, which learns internal spatiotemporal patterns within fMRI and allows the model to transfer learning to datasets of small size. For a given fMRI signal, we segmented it into three sections: the beginning, middle, and end. We then utilized contrastive learning by taking the end-middle (i.e., neighboring) pair as the positive pair, and the beginning-end (i.e., distant) pair as the negative pair.ResultsWe pretrained the model on 5 out of 7 tasks from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and applied it in a downstream classification of the remaining two tasks. The pretrained model converged on data from 12 subjects, while a randomly initialized model required 100 subjects. We then transferred the pretrained model to a dataset containing unpreprocessed whole-brain fMRI from 30 participants, achieving an accuracy of 80.2 ± 4.7%, while the randomly initialized model failed to converge. We further validated the model’s performance on the Multiple Domain Task Dataset (MDTB), which contains fMRI data of 26 tasks from 24 participants. Thirteen tasks of fMRI were selected as inputs, and the results showed that the pre-trained model succeeded in classifying 11 of the 13 tasks. When using the 7 brain networks as input, variations of the performance were observed, with the visual network performed as well as whole brain inputs, while the limbic network almost failed in all 13 tasks.DiscussionOur results demonstrated the potential of self-supervised learning for fMRI analysis with small datasets and unpreprocessed data, and for analysis of the correlation between regional fMRI activity and cognitive tasks.
Effects and action mechanisms of lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) ethanol extract on gut microbes and obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Yanan Zhang , Lu Ma , Lu Zhang , Jinhai Huo , Weiming Wang 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to clarify the effect of the lotus leaf ethanol extract (LLEE) on the mechanism of antiobesity and the intestinal microbiota of obese rats.MethodsA total of 40 specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were split into the blank control group, the model control group, the Orlistat capsule control group, and the LLEE group. All the groups were intervened and fed specific diets for 5 months. During the experiment, we evaluated the rats' body weight, length, serum biochemical indicators, and inflammatory factor levels. After dissection, the liver; epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue (WAT); and the contents of the cecum were collected for pathological evaluation and intestinal flora analysis.ResultsLotus leaf alcohol extract can significantly reduce the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It also decreases the accumulation of fatty deposits in the liver of rats and the levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and increases the level of IL-10. Lotus leaf alcohol extracts significantly increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae in the intestinal flora of rats, reduced the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria Firmicutes, and relieved fatty liver and other inflammation and diseases caused by a high-fat diet. Besides, the ethanol extract of the lotus leaf significantly regulated the abundance of Ruminococcus, suggesting that the ethanol extract of the lotus leaf may prevent hyperlipidemia.ConclusionWe elucidated the effects and action mechanisms of LLEE on obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats to provide suggestions for regulating intestinal flora through dietary intervention and thus improving blood lipid metabolism.
Biallelic disruption of DDX41 activity is associated with distinct genomic and immunophenotypic hallmarks in acute leukemia
Authors: Tierens Anne , Kagotho Elizabeth , Shinriki Satoru , Seto Andrew , Smith Adam C. , Care Melanie , Maze Dawn , Sibai Hassan , Yee Karen W. , Schuh Andre C. , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , Gupta Vikas , Minden Mark D. , Matsui Hirotaka , Capo-Chichi José-Mario 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionInherited DDX41 mutations cause familial predisposition to hematologic malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), with the majority of DDX41 mutated MDS/AMLs described to date harboring germline DDX41 and co-occurring somatic DDX41 variants. DDX41-AMLs were shown to share distinguishing clinical features such as a late AML onset and an indolent disease associated with a favorable outcome. However, genotype-phenotype correlation in DDX41-MDS/AMLs remain poorly understood.MethodsHere, we studied the genetic profile, bone marrow morphology and immunophenotype of 51 patients with DDX41 mutations. We further assessed the functional impact of ten previously uncharacterized DDX41 variants of uncertain significance.ResultsOur results demonstrate that MDS/AML cases harboring two DDX41 variants share specific clinicopathologic hallmarks that are not seen in other patients with monoallelic DDX41 related hematologic malignancies. We further showed that the features seen in these individuals with two DDX41 variants were concordant with biallelic DDX41 disruption.DiscussionHere, we expand on previous clinicopathologic findings on DDX41 mutated hematologic malignancies. Functional analyses conducted in this study unraveled previously uncharacterized DDX41 alleles and further illustrate the implication of biallelic disruption in the pathophysiology of this distinct AML entity.
Microscopic and endoscopic “chopstick” technique removal of choroid plexus papilloma in the third ventricle of an infant: a case report with systematic review of literature
Authors: Li Weiwei , Li Zongping , Wei Chengyan , Yang Xiaoyong , Ji Yuzhu , Liu Hongyuan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundChoroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is rare and even rarer in infants and young children, and it usually occurs in the ventricles. Due to the physical peculiarities of infants, tumor removal by microscopic or endoscopic surgery alone is difficult.Case PresentationA 3-month-old patient was found to have an abnormally enlarged head circumference for 7 days. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed a lesion in the third ventricle. The patient underwent combined microscopic and endoscopic “chopstick” technique to remove the tumor. He recovered well after the surgery. Postoperative pathological examination revealed CPP. Postoperative MRI suggested total resection of the tumor. Follow-up for 1 month showed no recurrence or distant metastasis.ConclusionsCombined microscopic and endoscopic “chopstick” technique may be a suitable approach to remove tumors in infant ventricles.
Androgen deprivation therapy plus abiraterone or docetaxel as neoadjuvant therapy for very-high-risk prostate cancer: a pooled analysis of two phase II trials
Authors: Zhuang Junlong , Wang Yuwen , Zhang Shun , Fu Yao , Huang Haifeng , Lyu Xiaoyu , Zhang Shiwei , Marra Giancarlo , Xu Linfeng , Qiu Xuefeng , Guo Hongqian 
Published: June 2023

Objective: The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with abiraterone or docetaxel versus ADT alone as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with very-high-risk localized prostate cancer.Methods: This was a pooled analysis of two single-center, randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04356430 and NCT04869371) conducted from December 2018 to March 2021. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (ADT plus abiraterone or docetaxel) and control (ADT alone) groups at a 2:1 ratio. Efficacy was evaluated by pathological complete response (pCR), minimal residual disease (MRD), and 3-year biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS). Safety was also analyzed.Results: The study included 42 participants in the ADT group, 47 in the ADT plus docetaxel group, and 48 in the ADT plus abiraterone group. A total of 132 (96.4%) participants had very-high-risk prostate cancer, and 108 (78.8%) had locally advanced disease. The ADT plus docetaxel group (28%) and ADT plus abiraterone group (31%) had higher rates of pCR or MRD (p = 0.001 and p &lt; 0.001) compared with the ADT group (2%). The 3-year bPFS was 41.9% (95% CI: 26.6–57.2), 51.1% (95% CI: 36.8–65.4), and 61.2% (95% CI: 45.5–76.9), respectively. Significant difference was found among groups in terms of bPFS (p = 0.037).Conclusion: Compared with ADT alone, neoadjuvant therapy with ADT plus docetaxel or abiraterone could achieve better pathological outcomes (pCR or MRD) for very-high-risk localized prostate cancer. The ADT plus abiraterone group showed longer bPFS than ADT alone. The combination regimens were tolerable.
Systematic review and rationale of using psychedelics in the treatment of cannabis use disorder
Authors: Phan Angela N. , Terry Garth E. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionCannabis use disorder (CUD) is prevalent in ~2–5% of adults in the United States and is anticipated to increase as restrictions to cannabis decrease and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in cannabis products increase. No FDA-approved medications for CUD are currently available, despite trials of dozens of re-purposed and novel drugs. Psychedelics have garnered interest as a therapeutic class in other substance use disorders, and self-report surveys suggest they may result in positive outcomes for CUD. Herein, we review the existing literature pertaining to psychedelic use in persons with or at risk for CUD and consider the potential rationale underpinning psychedelics as a treatment for CUD.MethodsA systematic search was performed in several databases. Inclusion criteria were primary research reporting use of psychedelics or related substances and CUD for treatment in human subjects. Exclusion criteria were results including psychedelics or related substances without changes in cannabis use or risks associated with CUD.ResultsThree hundred and five unique results were returned. One article was identified using the non-classical psychedelic ketamine in CUD; three articles were identified as topically relevant based on their secondary data or consideration of mechanism. Additional articles were reviewed for purposes of background, review of safety considerations, and formulating rationale.ConclusionLimited data and reporting are available on the use of psychedelics in persons with CUD, and more research is needed given the anticipated increase in CUD incidence and increasing interest in psychedelic use. While psychedelics, broadly, have a high therapeutic index with infrequent serious adverse effects, particular adverse effects at risk in the CUD population, such as psychosis and cardiovascular events, should be considered. Possible mechanisms by which psychedelics have therapeutic potential in CUD are explored.
Knowledge, confidence, and reported behaviors that promote safe water drinking among women of reproductive age
Authors: Kodjebacheva Gergana Damianova , Lapeyrouse Lisa M. , Okungbowa-Ikponmwosa Jennifer , Walker Loretta , Campbell Kanday , Cupal Suzanne 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDrinking lead contaminated water during pregnancy is associated with infant mortality. All women of reproductive age are advised by health agencies to adhere to healthy behaviors due to the chance of unintended pregnancy. Our objectives are to understand knowledge, confidence, and reported behaviors that promote safe water drinking and prevent lead exposure among women of reproductive age.MethodsA survey among females of reproductive age from the University of Michigan - Flint was administered. A total of 83 females who wished to become pregnant one day participated.ResultsLow levels of knowledge, confidence, and reported preventative health behaviors related to safe water drinking and lead exposure prevention existed. Specifically, 71.1% of respondents (59 of 83) were not at all or were somewhat confident in their ability to choose an appropriate lead water filter. Most participants rated their knowledge on how to decrease exposure to lead during pregnancy as poor/fair. No statistically significant differences were detected between respondents residing inside and outside of the city of Flint, Michigan for most variables assessed.ConclusionWhile the small sample size is a limitation, the study adds to an area of scarce research. Despite widespread media attention and resources directed toward reducing the negative health effects of lead exposure following the Flint Water Crisis, significant gaps in knowledge related to safe water drinking remain. Interventions are needed to increase knowledge, confidence, and healthy behaviors that promote safe water drinking among women of reproductive age.
HIV and HCV screening by non-infectious diseases physicians: can we improve testing and hidden infection rates?
Authors: García-Ruiz de Morales Alejandro G. , Martínez-Sanz Javier , Vivancos-Gallego María J. , Sánchez-Conde Matilde , Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés Manuel , Romero-Hernández Beatriz , Vázquez María Dolores González , de Luque Carmen María Cano , González-Sarria Ander , Galán Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Francisco Gea , Moreno Santiago , Pérez-Elías María Jesús 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundMissed opportunities for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) testing remain high. We aimed to ascertain the knowledge of screening guidelines and attitudes of non-infectious disease (ID) hospital physicians and assess the impact of a 1-h session on screening rates and diagnoses.MethodsThis interventional study consisted of a 1-h training session on HIV and HCV epidemiology and testing guidelines for non-ID physicians. Pre-and post-session questionnaires compared the knowledge of the guidelines and attitudes toward screening before and after the session. Rates of screening and diagnoses were compared in three 6 months periods: before, immediately after, and 24 months ±4 after the session.ResultsA total of 345 physicians from 31 departments participated in these sessions. Before the session, 19.9% (28% medical, 8% surgical) and 17.9% (30% medical, 2.7% surgical) were aware of HIV and HCV testing guidelines, respectively. The willingness to routinely test increased from 5.6 to 22%, whereas not ordering tests decreased from 34.1 to 2.4%. HIV screening rates significantly increased by 20% after the session (7.7 vs. 9.3 tests per 103 patients; p &lt; 0.001), and the effect persisted until the long-term period. The HIV diagnosis rate increased globally (3.6 vs. 5.2 HIV diagnoses per 105 patients; p = 0.157), mainly because of medical services (4.7 vs. 7.7 per 105 patients; p = 0.082). The HCV screening rate increased significantly immediately and in the long term only in medical services (15.7 and 13.6%, respectively). The new active HCV infection rates increased immediately and declined steeply thereafter.ConclusionA short session for non-ID physicians can improve HIV/HCV screening, increase diagnosis, and contribute to disease elimination.
Determinants of active aging and quality of life among older adults: systematic review
Authors: Marzo Roy Rillera , Khanal Praval , Shrestha Sunil , Mohan Devi , Myint Phyo K. , Su Tin Tin 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPopulation demography across the globe shows an increasing trend in the aging population due to better healthcare, improved nutrition, advanced health-related technology, and decreased fertility rate. Despite these advancements, there remains a knowledge gap in understanding the association between active aging determinants and quality of life (QoL) among older adults, particularly within diverse cultural contexts, which has not been adequately explored in previous research. Therefore, understanding the association between active aging determinants and QoL can help policymakers plan early interventions or programs to assist future older adults in both aging actively and optimizing their quality of life (QoL), as these two factors have a bidirectional relationship.ObjectiveThis study aimed to review evidence regarding the association between active aging and quality of life (QoL) among older adults and to determine the most widely used study designs and measurement instruments in studies conducted between 2000 and 2020.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by a systematic search of four electronic databases and cross-reference lists. Original studies examining the association between active aging and QoL in individuals aged 60 years or older were considered. The quality of the included studies and the direction and consistency of the association between active aging and QoL were assessed.ResultsA total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Most studies reported a positive association between active aging and QoL among older adults. Active aging had a consistent association with various QoL domains including physical environment, health and social services, social environment, economic, personal, and behavioral determinants.ConclusionActive aging had a positive and consistent association with several QoL domains among older adults, backing the notion that the better the active aging determinants, the better the QoL among older adults. Considering the broader literature, it is necessary to facilitate and encourage the active participation of older adults in physical, social, and economic activities for the maintenance and/or improvement of QoL. Identifying other possible determinants and enhancing the methods to improve those determinants may help improve the QoL among older adults.