bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota in brain tumors: An emerging crucial player
Authors: Lin Ben , Ye Zhen , Ye Zhao , Wang Meng , Cao Zhan , Gao Renyuan , Zhang Yichao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, various roles of the gut microbiota in physiological and pathological conditions have been uncovered. Among the many interacting pathways between the host and gut flora, the gut–brain axis has drawn increasing attention and is generally considered a promising way to understand and treat brain tumors, one of the most lethal neoplasms. In this narrative review, we aimed to unveil and dissect the sophisticated mechanisms by which the gut‐brain axis exerts its influence on brain tumors. Furthermore, we summarized the latest research regarding the gastrointestinal microbial landscape and the effect of gut–brain axis malfunction on different brain tumors. Finally, we outlined the ongoing developing approaches of microbial manipulation and their corresponding research related to neuro‐malignancies. Collectively, we recapitulated the advances in gut microbial alterations along with their potential interactive mechanisms in brain tumors and encouraged increased efforts in this area.
The expression of HER2/neu in patients with lung cancer and its associated factors
Authors: Lashkarizadeh Mohammadreza , Lashkarizadeh Mahdiyeh , Nikian Meead , Kouhestani Parizi Maryam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivesLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide in both sexes. Evidence suggests the role of genetic factors in lung cancer. Studying of such factors can help understand the cancer prognosis. Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2/neu) protein is considered an important prognostic factor in breast cancer, but its role has not been confirmed in lung cancer. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of its expression in patients with lung cancer.Materials and methodsIn this cross‐sectional study, patients aged >18 years who were referred to Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman, Iran, from 2016 to 2017, and were diagnosed with lung cancer were enrolled into the study if they had a pathological sample of their cancerous lung. Their demographics were recorded, and the sample was sectioned and stained to measure HER2/neu gene expression according to DAKO instructions using heat‐induced antigen retrieval (HIER) enzyme marker.ResultsThe samples of 100 patients with lung cancer were evaluated (84% men and 16% women) with a mean age of 61.34 years (standard deviation of 12.51 years). HER2/neu expression was significantly associated with the type of cancer and was highest in adenocarcinoma and zero in small cell carcinoma (P < 0.001), but not with patients' sex, age, smoking status and family history of cancer (P > 0.05).ConclusionThese results emphasized the overexpression of HER2/neu in different types of lung cancer, which can be used further for therapeutic purposes. The results showed that HER2/neu was overexpressed not only in adenocarcinoma but also in other types, like squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, all subtypes of non‐small cell lung carcinoma should be considered for anti‐HER2 therapies, and further research is required for small cell lung carcinoma.
The Autism Symptom Dimensions Questionnaire: Development and psychometric evaluation of a new, open‐source measure of autism symptomatology
Authors: Frazier Thomas W. , Dimitropoulos Anastasia , Abbeduto Leonard , Armstrong‐Brine Melissa , Kralovic Shanna , Shih Andy , Hardan Antonio Y. , Youngstrom Eric A. , Uljarević Mirko ,   Quadrant Biosciences ‐ As You Are Team
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the development and initial psychometric evaluation of a new, freely available measure, the Autism Symptom Dimensions Questionnaire (ASDQ).MethodAfter development and revision of an initial 33‐item version, informants completed a revised 39‐item version of the ASDQ on 1467 children and adolescents (aged 2–17 years), including 104 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).ResultsThe initial 33‐item version of the ASDQ had good reliability and construct validity. However, only four specific symptom factors were identified, potentially due to an insufficient number of items. Factor analyses of the expanded instrument identified a general ASD factor and nine specific symptom factors with good measurement invariance across demographic groups. Scales showed good‐to‐excellent overall and conditional reliability. Exploratory analyses of predictive validity for ASD versus neurotypical and other developmental disability diagnoses indicated good accuracy for population and at‐risk contexts.InterpretationThe ASDQ is a free and psychometrically sound informant report instrument with good reliability of measurement across a continuous range of scores and preliminary evidence of predictive validity. The measure may be a useful alternative to existing autism symptom measures but further studies with comparison of clinical diagnoses using criterion‐standard instruments are needed.What this paper adds

The Autism Symptom Dimensions Questionnaire (ASDQ) is a new, freely available measure of autism symptoms.
The ASDQ showed reliable and accurate measurement of autism symptoms.
The measure had good screening efficiency for autism spectrum disorder relative to other developmental conditions.
Applications of continuous glucose monitoring across settings and populations: Report from the 23rd Hong Kong diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors—East meets west symposium
Authors: Oliver Nick , Chow Elaine , Luk Andrea O. Y. , Murphy Helen R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is now an integral part of glycaemic management in people with type 1 diabetes and those with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes. Immediate access to information on CGM glucose levels and trends helps to inform food choices, titration and timing of insulin doses and prompts corrective actions in the event of impending hypo‐ or hyperglycaemia. Although glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) remains an important measure of the average of glucose, CGM metrics including time‐in‐range (TIR) and other metrics on glycaemic variability and hypoglycaemia are strongly endorsed by people with diabetes as impacting their daily lives. There is growing consensus on definitions and targets of CGM metrics with an increasing number of studies demonstrating correlations between CGM metrics and incident complications of diabetes. Implementation of new technologies needs to take into consideration factors such as cost‐effectiveness, accessibility as well as acceptability of the person with diabetes and healthcare professional. The United Kingdom is one of the few countries that have developed clinical pathways for integrating CGM into the routine care of people with type 1 diabetes. Besides type 1 diabetes, special groups such as people with impaired kidney function and women during pregnancy may derive additional benefits from CGM.
A pilot study of mealtime insulin administration and parental stress in youth with new‐onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Diaz Jacqueline V. Reyes , Figueroa Janet , Felner Eric I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo compare the stress level in parents of children with new‐onset type 1 diabetes receiving a fixed insulin dose for a fixed range of carbohydrates (CHOs) to parents of children receiving a precise insulin dose for a precise number of CHOs using an insulin‐to‐carbohydrate ratio (ICR).MethodsTwenty‐four participants (8–14 years) were randomized to receive a fixed dose of insulin for a fixed range of CHOs (FD group) or a precise dose of insulin for a precise number of carbohydrates using an ICR (ICR group). The primary endpoint was parental stress measured with the parental stress survey (PSS) 1 to 4 months after diagnosis. Secondary endpoints included glycemic variability, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and safety.ResultsCompared to parents of children in the ICR group, those from the FD group reported less stress during the first 4 months after diagnosis (p = 0.022). Glycemic variability and HbA1C were similar in both groups. None of the patients from either group required an emergency department visit or hospitalization.ConclusionsIn comparison to precise insulin dosing using an ICR, fixed insulin dosing for a fixed range of CHOs may be less stressful for parents to learn and employ when initially taught diabetes management skills for their child with new‐onset type 1 diabetes.
Overactivation of posterior insular, postcentral and temporal regions during preserved experience of envy in autism
Authors: Fittipaldi Sol , Armony Jorge L. , Migeot Joaquín , Cadaveira Matías , Ibáñez Agustín , Baez Sandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSocial emotions are critical to successfully navigate in a complex social world because they promote self‐regulation of behaviour. Difficulties in social behaviour are at the core of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, social emotions and their neural correlates have been scarcely investigated in this population. In particular, the experience of envy has not been addressed in ASD despite involving neurocognitive processes crucially compromised in this condition. Here, we used an fMRI adapted version of a well‐validated task to investigate the subjective experience of envy and its neural correlates in adults with ASD (n = 30) in comparison with neurotypical controls (n = 28). Results revealed that both groups reported similarly intense experience of envy in association with canonical activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula, among other regions. However, in participants with ASD, the experience of envy was accompanied by overactivation of the posterior insula, the postcentral gyrus and the posterior superior temporal gyrus, regions subserving the processing of painful experiences and mentalizing. This pattern of results suggests that individuals with ASD may use compensatory strategies based on the embodied amplification of pain and additional mentalizing efforts to shape their subjective experience of envy. Results have relevant implications to better understand the heterogeneity of this condition and to develop new intervention targets.
Adherence patterns in antiseizure medications influencing risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: A data linkage study using dispensed prescriptions
Authors: Tan Michael , Allemann Samuel S. , Qin Xiwen Simon , D'Souza Wendyl J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveMedication adherence is considered an important risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), although measurement accuracy is difficult. Using prescription dispensations, this study aims to estimate antiseizure medication (ASM) adherence and identify adherence patterns that influence epilepsy mortality.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of tertiary epilepsy outpatients seen at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from January 1, 2012 until December 31, 2017. Privacy‐preserving data linkage with the Australian national prescription, death, and coroner's databases was performed. We fitted a four‐cluster longitudinal group‐based trajectory model for ASM adherence from recurring 90‐day windows of prescription dispensations during a 3‐year "landmark period" from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014, using the AdhereR package. We estimated the risk of SUDEP and all‐cause death for each adherence pattern during an "observation period" from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. The Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, epilepsy duration, comorbidity, drug resistance, and inadequate seizure control.ResultsOne thousand one hundred eighty‐seven participants were observed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range = 2.4–4.0 years). We observed 66 deaths with 10 SUDEP cases during the observation period. We identified four patterns of ASM adherence: good, 51%; declining, 24%; poor, 16%; and very poor, 9%. Declining adherence was associated with an increased risk for SUDEP, with hazard ratio (HR) = 8.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–64.45) at 1 year and HR = 9.17 (95% CI = 1.16–72.21) at 3 years. Compared to no ASM therapeutic change, the addition of a second to fourth ASM offered increased protection against SUDEP in patients with continuing drug‐resistant epilepsy.SignificanceASM nonadherence was observed in half of outpatients with epilepsy. A declining pattern of adherence, observed in a quarter of patients, was associated with more than eight times increased risk of SUDEP. Any ongoing medication interventions must include strategies to maintain and improve ASM adherence if we are to reduce the risk of SUDEP.
Diversifying selection and climatic effects on major histocompatibility complex class II gene diversity in the greater horseshoe bat
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Liu Tong , Li Aoqiang , Xiao Yanhong , Sun Keping , Feng Jiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous pathogenic stress can shape major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity by influencing the functional plasticity of the immune response. Therefore, MHC diversity could reflect environmental stress, demonstrating its importance in uncovering the mechanisms of adaptive genetic variation. In this study, we combined neutral microsatellite loci, an immune‐related MHC II‐DRB locus, and climatic factors to unravel the mechanisms affecting the diversity and genetic differentiation of MHC genes in the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), a species with a wide geographical distribution that has three distinct genetic lineages in China. First, increased genetic differentiation at the MHC locus among populations compared using microsatellites indicated diversifying selection. Second, the genetic differentiation of MHC and microsatellites were significantly correlated, suggesting that demographic processes exist. However, MHC genetic differentiation was significantly correlated with geographical distance among populations, even after controlling for the neutral markers, suggesting a major effect of selection. Third, although the MHC genetic differentiation was larger than that for microsatellites, there was no significant difference in the genetic differentiation between the two markers among genetic lineages, indicating the effect of balancing selection. Fourth, combined with climatic factors, MHC diversity and supertypes showed significant correlations with temperature and precipitation, but not with the phylogeographic structure of R. ferrumequinum, suggesting an effect of local adaptation driven by climate on MHC diversity. Moreover, the number of MHC supertypes varied between populations and lineages, suggesting regional characteristics and support for local adaptation. Taken together, the results of our study provide insights into the adaptive evolutionary driving forces at different geographic scales in R. ferrumequinum. In addition, climate factors may have played a vital role in driving adaptive evolution in this species.
Action of chitosan‐based solutions against a model four‐species biofilm formed on cobalt‐chromium and acrylic resin surfaces
Authors: Raile Priscilla Neves , Oliveira Viviane de Cássia , Macedo Ana Paula , Curylofo Patrícia Almeida , Marcato Priscyla Daniely , Watanabe Evandro , Paranhos Helena de Freitas Oliveira , Pagnano Valéria Oliveira 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti‐biofilm action of chitosan, nanoparticulate chitosan, and denture cleanser Nitradine™ against biofilms comprising Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans.BackgroundBiofilm removal from removable partial dentures (RPD) is important for success in prosthetic rehabilitation.Materials and MethodsThe anti‐biofilm action of the experimental chitosan‐based solutions and Nitradine™ was evaluated on acrylic resin and cobalt‐chromium alloy through assessing cell viability, cell metabolism, residual aggregated biofilm, and extracellular polymeric substance and biofilm morphology.ResultsOnly chitosan reduced the viability of C. albicans on cobalt‐chromium alloy surface, by 98% (a 1.7 log10 reduction in cfu). Chitosan‐based solutions neither promoted substantial alteration of the metabolic activity of the four‐species biofilm nor reduced the amount of the aggregated biofilm. After immersion in chitosan and nanoparticulate chitosan, viable microorganisms and extracellular polymeric substances distributed over the entire specimens' surfaces were observed. Nitradine™ reduced the viability and metabolic activity of biofilm grown on both surfaces, but it did not remove all aggregated biofilm and extracellular polymeric substances. After immersion in Nitradine™, approximately 35% of the specimens' surfaces remained covered by aggregated biofilm, mainly composed of dead cells.ConclusionAlthough chitosan and Nitradine™ promoted changes in the viability of microorganisms, neither solution completely removed the four‐species biofilm from the Co–Cr and acrylic resin surfaces. Thus, isolated use of hygiene solutions is not indicated for biofilm control on RPDs; this requires complementary mechanical removal.
I will survive…but at what (opportunity) cost?: A spatial analysis of business survival and Jacobian externalities
Authors: Conroy Tessa , Deller Steven 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing insights gained from Jacobian externalities, we consider how a more diverse economic industrial base relates to business survival rates. While a low survival rate is often perceived negatively among policy‐makers, evidence suggests that business exit is part of a dynamic and robust economy. The high opportunity cost of continuing with a struggling business in a more diversified economy may ultimately sway entrepreneurs with less competitive ventures to exit leading to lower survival rates. We model average 5‐year survival rates at the county level annually from 1990 to 2012 employing a spatial panel Durbin specification. The data support the central hypothesis that more diversified economies increase the opportunity costs of operating an underperforming new business, thereby lowering survival rates.
The Howard League and liberal colonial penality in mid‐20th‐century Britain: The death penalty in Palestine and the Kenya Emergency
Authors: Seal Lizzie , Ball Roger 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article analyses the Howard League's campaigning against the death penalty in mid‐20th‐century British colonies. It examines two case studies: the Howard League's campaign to limit the death penalty in the Palestine Mandate in the 1930s and their silence on mass executions during the Kenya Emergency in the 1950s. Drawing on Ben‐Natan's (2021) concept of the dual penal regime, we argue the Howard League concentrated its intervention in ordinary penal regimes and demarcated emergency penal regimes as outside its sphere of interest and influence. Consequently, it was silent on the penal excess of colonial authorities during periods of counter‐insurgency. Criminology as a discipline largely shares this demarcation of the penal measures associated with colonial wars, militarism and states of emergency as beyond its purview. Inclusion of these aspects of colonial penality into the criminological narrative highlights the significance of colonialism and colonial ways of thinking to penal liberalism.
Glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy
Authors: Kim Jinseung , Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Kang Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeWe aimed to investigate the glymphatic system function in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE) and healthy controls using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index.MethodsWe retrospectively included 23 patients with OLE and 30 healthy controls. The participants underwent brain MRI, which was normal, and diffusion tensor imaging. We used the DSI Studio for data preprocessing, obtained the fiber orientation and diffusivities, and calculated the DTI‐ALPS index from the diffusivity values associated with the projection and association fibers in the left hemisphere.ResultsThere were no differences in mean age (31.6 years [range: 13‐58] vs. 31.3 years [range: 20‐57], p = .912) and male sex ratio (10/23 [43.5%] vs. 15/30 [50.0%]) between the groups. Compared to healthy controls, the diffusivities in patients with OLE were higher along the Y‐axis in the projection fiber and along the Z‐axis in the association fiber and lower along the Y‐axis in the association fiber. The DTI‐ALPS index in patients with OLE was lower than that in the healthy controls (1.421 ± 0.171 vs. 1.667 ± 0.271, p < .001, 95% confidence interval of difference = 0.117‐0.376, Test statistic t = 3.823). We found no association between the DTI‐ALPS index and clinical characteristics in OLE.ConclusionThe DTI‐ALPS index in patients with OLE was significantly lower than that in healthy controls, suggesting glymphatic system dysfunction in OLE. The DTI‐ALPS index could help assess the glymphatic system function in patients with epilepsy.
Tensile bond strength of auto‐polymerizing and heat‐polymerizing denture reliners on the conventional and CAD–CAM denture base materials
Authors: Alfaraj Amal , Chu Tien‐Min G. , Alouthah Hesham , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Lin Wei‐Shao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to compare the tensile bond strength (TBS) of auto‐polymerizing and heat‐polymerizing denture reliners on the conventional (compression‐molding and injection‐molding) and computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (milled and 3D‐printed) denture base materials.Materials and methodsEighty standard dogbone‐shaped specimens were fabricated from four materials: compression‐molding, injection‐molding, milled, and 3D‐printed denture base materials. A 3‐mm cutoff was removed from each specimen at the midsection, and all specimens were reattached with either auto‐polymerizing (n = 10) or heat‐polymerizing (n = 10) reliner. The TBS was measured on the universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the fractured surfaces at cross sections to determine the dominant failure mode in each group. Two‐way ANOVA was used to examine the effects of denture base material and reliner on the TBS (α = 0.05). Weibull survival analysis was also used to determine the survival probability curves.ResultsHeat‐polymerizing reliner led to a higher TBS than the auto‐polymerizing reliner, except in the compression‐molding (p = 0.573) groups. Compression‐molding denture base material connected with a heat‐polymerizing reliner showed the highest TBS (29.8 ± 6.9 MPa), whereas 3D‐printed denture base material connected with an auto‐polymerizing reliner showed the lowest TBS (7.2 ± 0.9 MPa). The survival probability based on the Weibull model demonstrated that the compression‐molding denture base material connected with either auto‐polymerizing or heat‐polymerizing reliners had the longest survival time to failure, whereas 3D‐printed denture base material relined with auto‐polymerizing reline material showed the shortest survival time to failure. Under the SEM, the compression‐molding groups demonstrated that the failure modes were mixed but predominantly cohesive. The injection‐molding and milled groups showed predominantly adhesive failures at the denture base‐reline material interfaces. The dominant mode of failure in the 3D‐printed groups was cohesive failures within the bonding adhesive.ConclusionsAlthough the heat‐polymerizing reliner led to a higher TBS than the auto‐polymerizing reliner in most denture base materials, the compression‐molding denture base material can achieve high TBS with both reliners. When the auto‐polymerizing reliner is used with 3D‐printed denture base material, clinicians should be aware of lower TBS value and possible cohesive failures, and the detachment of the reliner from the denture base.