bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Hydrophobic Branching Agent in Physically Cross‐Linked Hydrogels with Shape‐Memory and Self‐healing Abilities
Authors: Podda Edoardo , Antonioli Diego , Croce Gianluca , Gianotti Valentina , Sparnacci Katia , Chiarcos Riccardo , Laus Michele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhysically crosslinked hydrogels consisting of polyacrylamide (Aam) and polyoctadecylacrylate (C18A) blocks, leading to hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains respectively, are prepared by micellar polymerization. A multifunctional monomer (divinylbenzene, DVB), is also employed to create branched chains. The effect of the polymer composition and the amount of the branching agent on the material characteristics are evaluated. The melting enthalpies of the hydrophobic domains increase as the n‐octadecyl acrylate unit amount increases and, in a parallel fashion, an increase in the mechanical modulus G' of the hydrogel is observed. Furthermore, G′ increases as the DVB concentration increases. Self‐healing behavior is also demonstrated both visually and by rheological measurements. Finally, once heated above the melting temperature (Tm), these hydrogels can be deformed into different shapes that can be fixed on cooling. Then, heating again above Tm, the original shape is recovered thus indicating shape memory characteristics.
Estimates for the entropy numbers of the Nikol'skii–Besov classes of functions with mixed smoothness in the space of quasi‐continuous functions
Authors: Romanyuk Anatolii S. , Yanchenko Serhii Ya. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe obtained order estimates for the entropy numbers of the Nikol'skii–Besov classes of functions with mixed smoothness in the metric of the space of quasi‐continuous functions . We also showed that for , , , , the estimate of the corresponding asymptotic characteristic is exact in order.
Magnetic field induced dose effects in radiation therapy using MR‐linacs
Authors: Huang Chen‐Yu , Yang Bin , Lam Wai Wang , Geng Hui , Cheung Kin Yin , Yu Siu Ki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) is one of the most significant advances in radiotherapy in recent years. The hybrid systems were designed to visualize patient anatomical and physiological changes during the course of radiotherapy, enabling more precise treatment. However, before MR‐linacs reach their full potential in delivering safe and accurate treatments to patients, the radiotherapy team must understand how a magnetic field alters the dosimetric properties of the radiation beam and its potential impact on treatment quality and clinical outcomes.This review aims to provide an in‐depth description of the magnetic field induced dose effects for the two widely available systems, the 0.35 T and the 1.5 T MR‐linacs. In MR‐linac treatments, the primary photon beam passes through MR components that never exist in conventional linacs, which alter both in‐field and out‐of‐field doses. More importantly, the interplay between the always‐on magnetic field and the secondary electrons is not negligible. This interplay affects dose deposition in the patient, resulting in reduced in‐field skin dose due to purged‐out contaminant electrons, shortened build‐up distance and a shifted crossline profile owing to asymmetric dose kernel. Especially two effects, namely, electron return effect (ERE) and electron stream effect (ESE), are not seen in conventional radiotherapy.This review also summarizes the clinical observations on the site‐specific treatments influenced mostly by the magnetic field. In MR‐linac treatment, the head and neck region is one of the most challenging sites as ERE occurs at low and high density tissue interfaces and around air cavities, generating hot and cold spots. In breast cancer treatment, consideration should be given to the increased in‐field skin dose induced by ERE and the increased out‐of‐field dose caused by ESE for regions such as the ears, chin, and neck. In lung cancer treatments, tissue inhomogeneity combined with ERE will exacerbate target dose heterogeneity and increase or decrease interface dose. Lastly, treatment in the abdomen and pelvic region will be affected by the presence of gas pockets near the target. The review provides practical recommendations to mitigate these effects.
Synthesis of a temperature sensitive graft carbon dioxide‐based copolymer and its evaluation as a nano drug carrier
Authors: Xu Jie , Li Hongchun , Niu Yongsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, a temperature sensitive graft carbon dioxide‐based copolymer, poly (propylene oxide‐co‐carbon dioxide‐co‐allyl glycidyl ether)‐poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (PPAG‐PNIPAm‐mPEG) was synthesized by “Click Chemistry”. The hydrophobic main chain, PPAG, was prepared by the copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE). The branch chains include hydrophilic mPEG and temperature sensitive poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide). The structure of the polymer was characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Avermectin (AVE) was loaded into the nanoparticles to form PPAG‐PNIPAm‐mPEG@AVE nanoparticles. PPAG‐PNIPAm‐mPEG could self‐assemble into nano‐sized micelles in aqueous solution. And the size, zeta potential, critical micelle concentration (CMC) of PPAG‐PNIPAm‐mPEG nanoparticles can be altered by changing the lengths of the PNIPAm segments. The loading rate and encapsulation rate of PPAG‐PNIPAm‐mPEG@AVE were 36.98% and 89.98% respectively. The temperature sensitiveness of the nanomaterials was confirmed by DLS. The results show that temperature has a certain effect on the AVE release rate of PPAG‐PNIPAm‐mPEG@AVE in vitro. With the decrease of PNIPAm chain length, the AVE release rate decreases, and the contact angle of PPAG‐PNIPAm‐mPEG@AVE decreases compared with that of water.
Hypertension medication from guidelines to practice: A cohort study in western Iran
Authors: Shahbazi Foroud , Najafi Farid , Shojaei Lida , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Shokoohinia Yalda , Pasdar Yahya , Hamzeh Behrooz , Tahvilian Reza , Rahimi Werya , Shakiba Ebrahim , Karim Hossein , Dobson Annette , Bhatt Neha , Moradinazar Mehdi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeHypertension (HTN) is one of the most common risk factors for non‐communicable chronic diseases. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive medications in Kermanshah Province, west of Iran.MethodsThe Ravansar Non‐Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study is the first Kurdish community‐based study; subjects' age ranged from 35 to 65 years. In order to examine the use of medications to control blood pressure, participants were asked to bring all prescribed medications to the study center. Treatments were compared with 2013 European Society of Hypertension (ESH)/European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the management of arterial HTN.ResultsFrom a total of 10 040 participants in RaNCD cohort, 1575 (15.7%) individuals were hypertensive, of whom, 1271 (80.7%) people were aware of their condition. From 1153 (73.20%) people under treatment, 840 (72.8%) had their HTN properly controlled. The most common medications used to treat HTN were losartan (27.5%), metoprolol (14.3%), and captopril (11.9%). Regardless of type of treatment, 49.3% of all patients have received the medication for l 6 ≥ years. The most commonly used drugs were β‐blockers and angiotension receptor blockers as 620 (31.0%) and 612 (30.6%), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that female gender, those receive ≥3 antihypertensive agents, and using preferred combinations were associated with a better blood pressure control. In addition, the probability of hypertension control was less likely with increasing duration of treatment (i.e >6 years) and in obese patients with ≥35 kg/m2.ConclusionsEven though adherence to the international guidelines was acceptable, improvements can be made for better control of HTN. Therefore, it is imperative to educate healthcare professionals on improving their selection of antihypertensive medications and combination therapy for hypertensive patients.
Mosquito repellent microcapsules of nepeta essential oil were prepared by electro‐atomization complex coacervation
Authors: Zhang Zhongkai , Hu Xueqing , Pei Yifeng , Han Xiao , Yan Bin , Qian Yinjie , Dong Hao , Yu Xiaobin , Cheng Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicrocapsules containing nepeta essential oil (NEO) are prepared by electro‐atomization complex coacervation with sodium alginate and gelatin as wall materials. The effects of conditions such as sodium alginate solution concentration, core‐to‐wall ratio and emulsifier content on the release of essential oil and mosquito repellent properties of the microcapsules are studied. The microcapsules prepared under optimal preparation conditions have good performance and morphology, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity being 86.65% and 13.93%, respectively. The prepared microcapsules have adequate morphological characteristics observed using scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis show that NEO is successfully loaded in the microcapsules, and the thermal stability of NEO is improved. In addition, the results of release and repellent tests show that the NEO in the microcapsules could achieve stable release within 15 days and maintain an avoidance rate above 80% within 48 h, indicating the potential application of the microcapsules in the field of mosquito repellents. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
SUMO1 hinders α‐Synuclein fibrillation by inducing structural compaction
Authors: Panigrahi Rajlaxmi , Krishnan Rakesh , Singh Jai Shankar , Padinhateeri Ranjith , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSmall Ubiquitin‐like Modifier 1 (SUMO1) is an essential protein for many cellular functions, including regulation, signaling, etc., achieved by a process known as SUMOylation, which involves covalent attachment of SUMO1 to target proteins. SUMO1 also regulates the function of several proteins via non‐covalent interactions involving the hydrophobic patch in the target protein identified as SUMO Binding or Interacting Motif (SBM/SIM). Here, we demonstrate a crucial functional potential of SUMO1 mediated by its non‐covalent interactions with α‐Synuclein, a protein responsible for many neurodegenerative diseases called α‐Synucleinopathies. SUMO1 hinders the fibrillation of α‐Synuclein, an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that undergoes a transition to β‐structures during the fibrillation process. Using a plethora of biophysical techniques, we show that SUMO1 transiently binds to the N‐terminus region of α‐Synuclein non‐covalently and causes structural compaction, which hinders the self‐association process and thereby delays the fibrillation process. On the one hand, this study demonstrates an essential functional role of SUMO1 protein concerning neurodegeneration; it also illustrates the commonly stated mechanism that IDPs carry out multiple functions by structural adaptation to suit specific target proteins, on the other. Residue‐level details about the SUMO1‐α‐Synuclein interaction obtained here also serve as a reliable approach for investigating the detailed mechanisms of IDP functions.
FRETing about the details: Case studies in the use of a genetically encoded fluorescent amino acid for distance‐dependent energy transfer
Authors: Cory Michael B. , Jones Chloe M. , Shaffer Kyle D. , Venkatesh Yarra , Giannakoulias Sam , Perez Ryann M. , Lougee Marshall G. , Hummingbird Eshe , Pagar Vinayak V. , Hurley Christina M. , Li Allen , Mach Robert H. , Kohli Rahul M. , Petersson E. James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a valuable method for monitoring protein conformation and biomolecular interactions. Intrinsically fluorescent amino acids that can be genetically encoded, such as acridonylalanine (Acd), are particularly useful for FRET studies. However, quantitative interpretation of FRET data to derive distance information requires careful use of controls and consideration of photophysical effects. Here we present two case studies illustrating how Acd can be used in FRET experiments to study small molecule induced conformational changes and multicomponent biomolecular complexes.
Adaptive containment control of nonlinear multi‐agent systems about privacy preservation with multiple attacks
Authors: Gong Yuting , Cao Liang , Pan Yingnan , Lu Qing 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper focuses on the problem of adaptive containment control about privacy preservation in nonlinear multi‐agent systems, where followers suffer from multiple cyber‐attacks and leaders have non‐zero control inputs. A multiple attacks mold consisting of denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and false data‐injection attacks is constructed for nonlinear systems. The containment control protocol is updated by applying an event‐triggered scheme. This scheme is proposed to dispatch the updating information in the presence of multiple attacks. Meanwhile, to deal with the information insecurity that may exist in the control process, the protocol for privacy preservation about initial information is developed by introducing time‐varying functions as masks. Tracking errors of agents are described by taking the inputs of leaders as the external disturbances. This method does not depend on the widths of boundary layers and reduce the computational complexity. The stability of multi‐agent systems is analyzed by applying the Cauchy inequality, the Young's inequality and the Lyapunov function theory. Finally, two simulation examples are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Nanowatt‐Level Photoactivated Gas Sensor Based on Fully‐Integrated Visible MicroLED and Plasmonic Nanomaterials
Authors: Cho Incheol , Sim Young Chul , Lee Kichul , Cho Minkyu , Park Jaeho , Kang Mingu , Chang Ki Soo , Jeong Chan Bae , Cho Yong‐Hoon , Park Inkyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotoactivated gas sensors that are fully integrated with micro light‐emitting diodes (µLED) have shown great potential to substitute conventional micro/nano‐electromechanical (M/NEMS) gas sensors owing to their low power consumption, high mechanical stability, and mass‐producibility. Previous photoactivated gas sensors mostly have utilized ultra‐violet (UV) light (250–400 nm) for activating high‐bandgap metal oxides, although energy conversion efficiencies of gallium nitride (GaN) LEDs are maximized in the blue range (430–470 nm). This study presents a more advanced monolithic photoactivated gas sensor based on a nanowatt‐level, ultra‐low‐power blue (λpeak = 435 nm) µLED platform (µLP). To promote the blue light absorbance of the sensing material, plasmonic silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are uniformly coated on porous indium oxide (In2O3) thin films. By the plasmonic effect, Ag NPs absorb the blue light and spontaneously transfer excited hot electrons to the surface of In2O3. Consequently, high external quantum efficiency (EQE, ≈17.3%) and sensor response (ΔR/R0 (%) = 1319%) to 1 ppm NO2 gas can be achieved with a small power consumption of 63 nW. Therefore, it is highly expected to realize various practical applications of mobile gas sensors such as personal environmental monitoring devices, smart factories, farms, and home appliances.
Synergistic Ionic Liquid in Hole Transport Layers for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cao Fengxian , Zhu Ziyao , Zhang Chunhong , Chen Pengxu , Wang Shibo , Tong Anling , He Ruowei , Wang Ying , Sun Weihai , Li Yunlong , Wu Jihuai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) with n‐i‐p structures often utilize an organic 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis (N, N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine) 9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) along with additives of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt (LiTFSI) and tert‐butylpyridine as the hole transporting layer (HTL). However, the HTL lacks stability in ambient air, and numerous defects are often present on the perovskite surface, which is not conducive to a stable and efficient PSC. Therefore, constructive strategies that simultaneously stabilize spiro‐OMeTAD and passivate the perovskite surface are required. In this work, it is demonstrated that a novel ionic liquid of dimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DMATFSI) could act as a bifunctional HTL modulator in n‐i‐p PSCs. The addition of DMATFSI into spiro‐OMeTAD can effectively stabilize the oxidized spiro‐OMeTAD+ cation radicals through the formation of spiro‐OMeTAD+TFSI− because of the excellent charge delocalization of the conjugated CF3SO2− moiety within TFSI−. In addition, DMA+ cations could move toward the perovskite from the HTL, resulting in the passivation of defects at the perovskite surface. Accordingly, a power conversion efficiency of 23.22% is achieved for PSCs with DMATFSI and LiTFSI co‐doped spiro‐OMeTAD. Moreover, benefiting from the improved ion migration barrier and hydrophobicity of the HTL, still retained nearly 80% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 36 days of exposure to ambient air.
Confined Assembly of Hydrated Vanadium Oxide into Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for Fast and Stable K+ Storage Capability
Authors: Zhang Bingchen , Liu Shuo , Li Haochen , Wang Dong , Kang Wenpei , Sun Daofeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rational structural design of the electrode materials is significant to enhance the electrochemical performance for potassium ion storage, benefiting from the shortened ion diffusion distance, increased conductivity, and pseudo‐capacitance promotion. Herein, hydrated vanadium oxide (HVO) nanosheets with enriched oxygen defects are well confined into hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS), producing Od‐VOH@C nanospheres through one‐step hydrothermal reaction. Attributed to the restricted growth in the HMCS, the HVO nanosheets are loosely packed, generating abundant interfacial boundaries and large specific areas. As a result, Od‐VOH@C nanospheres show increased reaction kinetics and well buffer the volume effects for the K+ storage. Od‐VOH@C delivers stable capacities of 138 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 over 10 000 cycles in half‐cells attributed to the high pseudo‐capacitance contribution. The K+ storage mechanism of insertion and conversion reaction is confirmed by ex situ X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Moreover, the symmetric potassium‐ion capacitors of Od‐VOH@C//Od‐VOH@C deliver a high energy density of 139.6 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 948.3 W kg−1.
Isolation, identification, molecular typing, and drug resistance of Escherichia coli from infected cattle and sheep in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Gu Xiaoxiao , Ma Xue , Wu Qin , Tao Qiaoxiaoci , Chai Yingjin , Zhou Xia , Han Mengli , Li Jie , Huang Xin , Wu Tongzhong , Zhang Xingxing , Zhong Fagang , Cao Yiheng , Zhang Liyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEscherichia coli infections are common in Xinjiang, a major region of cattle and sheep breeding in China. Therefore, strategies are required to control E. coli. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic groups, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of E. coli isolates.MethodsIn this study, 116 tissue samples were collected from the organs of cattle and sheep that were suspected of having E. coli infections between 2015 and 2019. Bacteria in the samples were identified using a biochemical identification system and amplification of 16S rRNA, and the phylogenetic groupings of E. coli isolates were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reactions. In addition, PCR detection and analysis of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes, and drug‐resistant phenotypes of E. coli isolates were performed.ResultsA total of 116 pathogenic E. coli strains belonging to seven phylogenetic groups were isolated, with the majority of isolates in groups A and B1. Among the virulence genes, curli‐encoding crl had the highest detection rate of 97.4%, followed by hemolysin‐encoding hlyE with the detection rate of 94.82%. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results indicated that the isolates had the highest rates of resistance against streptomycin (81.9%).ConclusionThese characteristics complicate the prevention and treatment of E. coli‐related diseases in Xinjiang.
Momentum space CFT correlators of non-conserved spinning operators
Authors: Marotta Raffaele , Skenderis Kostas , Verma Mritunjay 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We analyse the 3-point CFT correlators involving non-conserved spinning operators in momentum space. We derive a general expression for the conformal Ward identities defining the 3-point functions involving two generic spin s non-conserved operators and a spin 1 conserved current. We give explicit expressions for the 3-point function when the two non-conserved operators have spins 1 and 2 and generic conformal dimensions. We also systematically analyse the divergences appearing in these 3-point functions when the conformal dimensions of the two non-conserved operators coincide.
Regular black holes and horizonless ultra-compact objects in Lorentz-violating gravity
Authors: Mazza Jacopo , Liberati Stefano 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There is growing evidence that Hořava gravity may be a viable quantum theory of gravity. It is thus legitimate to expect that gravitational collapse in the full, non-projectable version of the theory should result in geometries that are free of space-time singularities. Previous analyses have shown that such geometries must belong to one of the following classes: simply connected regular black holes with inner horizons; non-connected black holes “hiding” a wormhole mouth (black bounces); simply connected or non-connected horizonless compact objects. Here, we consider a singular black hole in the low-energy limit of non-projectable Hořava gravity, i.e. khronometric theory, and describe examples of its possible “regularisations”, covering all of the viable classes. To our knowledge, these examples constitute the first instances of black holes with inner universal horizons, of black bounces and of stars with a de Sitter core in the context of Lorentz-violating theories of gravity.
Renormalisation group equations for BRST-restored chiral theory in dimensional renormalisation: application to two-loop chiral-QED
Authors: Bélusca-Maïto Hermès 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We discuss how renormalisation group equations can be consistently formulated using the algebraic renormalisation framework, in the context of a dimensionally-renormalised chiral field theory in the BMHV scheme, where the BRST symmetry, originally broken at the quantum level, is restored via finite counterterms. We compare it with the more standard multiplicative renormalisation approach, which application would be more cumbersome in this setting. Both procedures are applied and compared on the example of a massless chiral right-handed QED model, and beta-function and anomalous dimensions are evaluated up to two-loop orders.
The Lamb shift in the BTZ spacetime
Authors: Yu Yaqian , Zhang Jialin , Yu Hongwei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the Lamb shift of a two-level atom arising from its coupling to the conformal massless scalar field, which satisfies the Dirichlet boundary condition, in the Hartle-Hawking vacuum in the BTZ spacetime, and find that the Lamb shift in the BTZ spacetime is structurally similar to that of a uniformly accelerated atom near a perfectly reflecting boundary in (2+1)-dimensional flat spacetime. Our results show that the Lamb shift is suppressed in the BTZ spacetime as compared to that in the flat spacetime as long as the transition wavelength of the atom is much larger than AdS radius of the BTZ spacetime while it can be either suppressed or enhanced if the transition wavelength of the atom is much less than AdS radius, depending on the location of the atom. In contrast, the Lamb shift is always suppressed very close to the horizon of the BTZ spacetime and remarkably it reduces to that in the flat spacetime as the horizon is approached although the local temperature blows up there.