bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Superiority of 18F-FDG PET Over MRI in Detecting Anti-LGI1 Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Liang Menglin , Niu Na , Jia Chenhao , Fan Siyuan , Liu Linwen , Cui Ruixue , Guan Hongzhi 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Our study aimed to investigate the utility of 18F-FDG PET imaging in diagnosing and monitoring patients with anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody autoimmune encephalitis (anti-LGI1 AE). We also sought to understand the mechanisms of faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDSs).

Patients and Methods
We analyzed 18F-FDG PET scans from 50 patients with anti-LGI1 AE, using visual and semiquantitative methods, and compared these with 24 healthy controls. All patients tested positive for anti-LGI1 antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid before PET imaging. The patients were divided into FBDS and non-FBDS groups to compare metabolic differences using voxel-based semiquantitative analysis. Finally, we separately analyzed PET images of patients with symptom recurrence.

Results
The sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET was superior to MRI (97.9% vs 63.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). Semiquantitative analysis revealed hypermetabolism in the basal ganglia, medial temporal lobe, and brainstem, and hypometabolism in most neocortical regions compared with healthy controls. The FBDS group exhibited hypometabolism in the frontal and temporal lobes compared with the non-FBDS group. Among 7 recurrent patients, 3 were confirmed as recurrence and 3 as sequelae by PET. One patient relapsed shortly after discontinuing corticosteroids when PET indicated active lesions.

Conclusions

18F-FDG PET scans were more sensitive than MRI in detecting anti-LGI1 AE, which displayed a pattern of hypermetabolism in the basal ganglia and medial temporal lobe, as well as neocortex hypometabolism. Hypometabolism in the frontal and temporal lobes was associated with FBDS. Furthermore, 18F-FDG PET scans can differentiate recurrence from sequelae and guide the timing of immunotherapy cessation.
Development and Validation of a Novel Hollow Viscus Injury Prediction Score for Abdominal Seatbelt Sign: A Pacific Coast Surgical Association Multicenter Study
Authors: Santos Jeffrey , Delaplain Patrick T , Tay-Lasso Erika , Biffl Walter L , Schaffer Kathryn B , Sundel Margaret , Ghneim Mira , Costantini Todd W , Santorelli Jarrett E , Switzer Emily , Schellenberg Morgan , Keeley Jessica A , Kim Dennis Y , Wang Andrew , Dhillon Navpreet K , Patel Deven , Campion Eric M , Robinson Caitlin K , Kartiko Susan , Quintana Megan T , Estroff Jordan M , Kirby Katharine A , Grigorian Areg , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: September 2023

Background:
High-quality computed tomography (CT) can exclude HVI in patients with an A-SBS but performs poorly at identifying HVI. Delay in diagnosis of HVI has significant consequences necessitating timely identification.

Study Design:
This multicenter, prospective observational study conducted at nine trauma centers between August 2020-October 2021 included adult trauma patients with A-SBS who underwent abdominal CT prior to surgery. HVI was determined intra-operatively and physiologic, examination, laboratory, and imaging findings were collected. Lasso and probit regression selected predictor variables and coefficients were used to assign integer points for the HVI Score. Validation was performed by comparing area under receiver operating curves (AUROC).

Results:
Analysis included 473 in the development set and 203 in the validation set. The HVI Score includes initial systolic blood pressure < 110mmHg, abdominal tenderness, guarding, and select abdominal CT findings. The derivation set has an AUROC of 0.96 and the validation set has an AUROC of 0.91. The HVI Score ranges from 0-17 with score 0-5 having a HVI risk of 0.03-5.36%, 6-9 having a risk of 10.65-44.1%, and 10-17 having a risk of 58.59-99.72%.

Conclusions:
This multicenter study developed and validated a novel HVI Score incorporating readily available physiologic, examination, and CT findings to risk stratify patients with an abdominal SBS. The HVI Score can be used to guide decisions regarding management of a patient with an abdominal SBS and suspected HVI.
Accuracy and Consistency of Online Chat-based Artificial Intelligence Platforms in Answering Patients’ Questions About Heart Failure
Authors: Kozaily Elie , Geagea Mabelissa , Akdogan Ecem Raziye , Atkins Jessica , Elshazly Mohamed B. , Guglin Maya , Tedford Ryan J , Wehbe Ramsey M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a prevalent condition associated with significant morbidity. Patients may have questions that they feel embarrassed to ask or will face delays awaiting responses from their healthcare providers which may impact their health behavior. We aimed to investigate the potential of chat-based artificial intelligence (AI) platforms in complementing the delivery of patient-centered care.MethodsUsing online patient forums and physician experience, we created 30 questions related to diagnosis, management and prognosis of HF. The questions were posed to two artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (OpenAI’s ChatGPT-3.5 and Google’s Bard). Each set of answers was evaluated by two HF experts, independently and blinded to each other, for accuracy (adequacy of content) and consistency of content.ResultsChatGPT provided mostly appropriate answers (27/30, 90%) and showed a high degree of consistency (93%). Bard provided a similar content in its answers and thus was evaluated only for adequacy (23/30, 77%). The two HF experts’ grades were concordant in 83% and 67% of the questions for ChatGPT and Bard, respectively. Both platforms suffered from issues related to “hallucination” of facts and/or difficulty with more contemporary recommendations.ConclusionAI based chatbots may have potential in improving HF education and empowering patients, but their limitations should be considered and addressed in future research.
Spirit & Free: adapting assortment strategies across rapidly growing channels in fashion retail
Authors: Testa Danielle Sponder 
Published: September 2023

Social implications
This paper aims to describe the cross-channel challenges experienced by a leading US fashion retailer and illustrates the adaptation to consumer needs as led by a female divisional head and female executive.

Learning outcomes
The teaching objectives include to understand the assortment planning complexities experienced by merchandise managers; address critical issues surrounding channel strategies; identify the data needs for assortment improvement and cross-channel management; investigate responsive solutions for customer-focused assortment diversification; and explore the challenges associated with continual retail channel adaptation.

Case overview/synopsis
The fashion retailer Spirit & Free (S&F) (pseudonym) is a Fortune 500 retailer. As a multi-channel retailer, S&F is proud of the consistency of the brand’s identity across channels. However, recently, S&F has noticed a difference between their mobile (m-commerce, social commerce) and in-store/e-commerce customers. Through this case study, students will follow the Women’s Apparel Divisional Merchandise Manager and explore how the business will maintain a consistent brand identity and capture both sets of customers through assortment planning. Resources will be provided for assortment planning analysis, and students will be asked to consider assortment opportunities regarding category mix and pricing strategy.

Complexity academic level
The case would be relevant to upper-level undergraduate courses or introductory master's level course in retail, management, fashion merchandising and omni-channel retail.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CCS 8: Marketing
Lisa Su’s strategic leadership: Will she change her approach post Xilinx and Pensando acquisitions?
Authors: Kumari Shwetha , Nair Jitesh 
Published: September 2023

Learning outcomes
This case is designed to achieve the following learning objectives: recognize the impact of personality traits on leadership style; identify the key elements in a turnaround strategy; examine leadership best practices from a gender perspective; and assess the role of strategic decision-making on company growth.

Case overview/synopsis
The case study describes how Lisa Su (Su), the first woman CEO of Advanced Micro Devices, helped turn around the debt-laden semiconductor firm within a decade through her transformational leadership, vision and values. The case first touches upon Su’s early life and education and the influence of her parents in shaping her personality. It then focuses on the first half of Su’s career, during which she was working on semiconductor projects and was involved in research and product development, and how she made the gradual shift to a people management role in her stint of over a decade at IBM followed by a leadership opportunity at Freescale Semiconductor Inc. The case then describes Su’s move to AMD in 2012 as Senior Vice President and General Manager of the company’s global business divisions at a time when AMD was nearly US$2.5bn in debt and revenues had increased only once in the previous five years. There were also rumors of bankruptcy and spin-offs after the company lost more than US$1bn in the year 2012. The cas

Complexity academic level
This case is meant for MBA students as part of their Organizational Behavior, Leadership, and Strategic Management curriculum.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes Student feedback details.

Subject code
CCS 11: Strategy.
Malala Yousafzai: promoting girls’ education in conflict-affected countries
Authors: Ikrama Syeda , Qumer Syeda Maseeha 
Published: September 2023

Social implications
Social implications are as follows: social activism; girls education; collaboration; collective action; and change agent.

Learning outcomes
Learning outcomes are as follows: evaluate the role of a change agent in a nonprofit organization; understand collaborative partnerships in a nonprofit organization; examine how a nonprofit organization is promoting education in conflict-affected countries; understand the importance of education for girls as a basic human right; understand and discuss the threats to girls’ education in conflict-affected countries; analyze the role of Malala Yousafzai in supporting girls’ education globally; identify the challenges unique to educating girls; and explore steps that Yousafzai needs to take to ensure girls have equal access to the knowledge and skills they need to learn and lead in a world affected by the pandemic and climate change.

Case overview/synopsis
The case discusses social activist Malala Yousafzai’s (She) diligent efforts to promote girls’ education in conflict-affected regions globally through her not-for-profit organization Malala Fund. Co-founded in 2013, Malala Fund worked to ensure every girl globally could access 12 years of free, safe, quality education. The fund worked towards this goal by building creative partnerships and investing in its global network of education activists and advocates fighting for girls’ education in communities where most girls missed out. Malala Fund supported girls’ education programs in countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, India, Brazil, Ethiopia, Turkey and Lebanon. The Fund’s projects were aimed at addressing gender norms, promoting the empowerment of girls through education, imparting gender-sensitive training for teachers and raising awareness about the need for girls’ education. In 2016, the fund created the Education Champion Network to support the work of local educators and advocates to advance.

Complexity academic level
Post-graduate level students.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CCS 11: Strategy.
Exploring gender imbalances in innovation and entrepreneurship: evidence from a global south country
Authors: Akhmadi Saltanat , Tsakalerou Mariza 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the gender diversity within innovation and entrepreneurship teams and the perceptions of gender imbalance in digital skills among team members in Kazakhstan, a Central Asian country belonging to the Global South.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected from ten leading firms in Kazakhstan's manufacturing, construction and oil and gas sectors, which have international connections or perspectives. The members of the research and development (R&D) departments of these firms completed an online, structured closed-question questionnaire anonymously. A total of 169 completed responses were analyzed using regression analysis, controlling for company size and sector, with gender as the independent variable.FindingsThe gender diversity within innovation teams is not as high as anticipated, even though there is a substantial representation of women in the scientific workforce across many firms. Similarly, there is a gender gap in entrepreneurship teams involved in business innovation, although it is slightly less pronounced. Female employees report a greater disparity compared to their male counterparts. Surprisingly, over 60% of both male and female respondents agree that women lack the same level of digital expertise and knowledge as men.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this research should be interpreted in light of the fact that they are based on a perception-based survey. Local firms exhibit skepticism toward external researchers due to privacy concerns, making their participation challenging. However, it is noteworthy that the survey targeted front-line workers in the innovation and entrepreneurship field, providing informed perspectives that strengthen the study's outcomes.Originality/valueThis study reveals that while women form a considerable proportion the scientific workforce, gender diversity in innovation and entrepreneurship teams is lacking in a Global South country. Gender imbalance in innovation and entrepreneurship is thus present in both developing and developed countries, highlighting the need for interventions to promote gender diversity at the firm level.
Effect of texture shapes and additives in lubricants on the dynamic characteristics of the hydrodynamic journal bearing
Authors: Byotra Deepak , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study aims to understand how the texture shape, number of textures and addition of nanoparticle additives in lubricants impact the dynamic characteristics of journal bearing by comparing six different texture shapes like triangle, chevron, arc, circle, rectangle and elliptical applied in pressure-increasing region under various geometrical and operating conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The finite element method approach has been employed to solve governing Reynold’s equation, assuming iso-viscous Newtonian fluid, for computation of performance parameters like stiffness and damping coefficient, threshold speed, etc. By using a regression model, the impact of adding nanoparticles Al2O3 and CuO to the base lubricant on viscosity variation is calculated for selected temperature ranges and weight fractions of nanoparticles.

Findings
The arc-shaped texture with an area density of 28.27%, eccentricity ratio of 0.2 and texture depth of 0.6 exhibited 35.22% higher direct stiffness and 41.4% higher damping coefficient compared to the lowest value in the circle-shaped texture. Increasing the number of arc-shaped textures on the bearing surface with low area density led to declining stiffness and damping parameters. However, with nanoparticle additives, the arc-shaped texture further showed 10.75% and 8.11% improvement in stiffness and 9.99% and 4.87% enhancement in damping coefficient for Al2O3 and CuO, respectively, at 90 °C temperature and 0.5% weight fraction.

Originality/value
By understanding the influence of texture shapes on the dynamic characteristics, engineers can design bearings that exhibit improved stability and enhance overall performance.
Securities regulation and capital market development in Nigeria: recurring challenges and prospect for solution
Authors: Nwatu Samuel Ihuoma , Arum Edwin Chukwuemeka , Chime Ikechukwu P. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to amplify the imperativeness for a re-oriented regulatory approach that prioritizes constructive engagement with the regulated communities, harnessing the existing pool of savings and retention of market participation.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a doctrinal legal research design with data drawn from primary and secondary sources of law. The primary sources include case laws and statutes, and the secondary sources include book chapters, journal articles and other internet-sourced materials.

Findings
The paper finds that the status quo in Nigeria if left to continue would spell severe economic disaster for Nigeria’s securities administration, but a well-structured realignment of the regulations would boost the country’s securities market effectiveness.

Research limitations/implications
The research’s conclusions and suggestions might only be applicable to Nigeria’s particular situation with regard to capital market development and securities regulation. Other nations or locations with distinct regulatory systems, market structures and economic situations may not be able to immediately adapt it. When extending the research results outside of the Nigerian environment, caution should be exercised. For regulatory agencies and policymakers, the research offers insightful suggestions. The analysis may pinpoint certain areas where policy changes are required to address reoccurring problems and improve the chances for a healthy capital market.

Practical implications
For Nigeria’s regulatory frameworks controlling securities to be strengthened, this paper would be crucial. To make sure they are in line with global best practices, this entails examining and revising current laws, rules and standards. A stronger regulatory environment may also result from the implementation of harsher enforcement procedures and consequences for noncompliance. It is also required for creating market infrastructure, fostering market integration and cooperation, facilitating access to capital, monitoring and evaluation. It would also benefit investor education and protection.

Social implications
Addressing these persistent issues and potential remedies in Nigeria’s capital market development and securities regulation would have various advantageous social effects. These include improved market infrastructure, more financial inclusion, improved investment protection for investors and improved market openness and integrity. Such results will help Nigerian society as a whole by fostering economic expansion, job creation, wealth distribution and general social progress.

Originality/value
This paper is the original work of the authors and has not been published anywhere nor submitted to another journal for publication.
Fathoming fraud: unveiling theories, investigating pathways and combating fraud
Authors: Mandal Abinash , S. Amilan 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Although corporations exert considerable efforts to uphold ethical standards in their business operations, fraud instances persist as an enduring and formidable challenge within organisations, defying their utmost efforts. The presence of fraud poses a substantial and recurring threat to corporations, leading to significant financial losses on an annual basis. This emphasises the crucial need for a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to fraudulent activities and the intricate nature of fraud risk factors inherent in business operations. Therefore, this paper aims to enhance the efficacy of fraud detection and prevention measures through critical analysis and refinement of established fraud theories, drawing upon the existing literature on this subject matter.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper offers a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the existing literature, thoroughly reviewing prominent models that aim to elucidate the underlying motivations behind fraudulent behaviour. Moreover, drawing upon the existing theoretical foundation, this study conceptualises a model that enhances the understanding of the crucial factors contributing to fraudulent behaviour.

Findings
The study presents new theoretical insights concerning the role of personal integrity in fraudulent decision-making, presenting refined interventions that enhance comprehension of the underlying drivers of fraud occurrences and strategies for prevention. Furthermore, the study reveals a comprehensive three-part approach to improving organisational health through strengthening compliance mechanisms and cultivating an ethical-values-based culture.

Originality/value
The study introduces a novel conceptual framework, the personal ethic-based fraud motivation model, which offers a deeper understanding of the factors and conditions influencing individuals’ propensity to engage in fraudulent activities. Furthermore, this study presents a three Cs strategy that effectively delineates the influential forces that drive individuals to surmount fraud risks.
Population dynamics of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli on fresh produce: A scoping review
Authors: Bolten Samantha , Belias Alexandra , Weigand Kelly A. , Pajor Magdalena , Qian Chenhao , Ivanek Renata , Wiedmann Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCollation of the current scope of literature related to population dynamics (i.e., growth, die‐off, survival) of foodborne pathogens on fresh produce can aid in informing future research directions and help stakeholders identify relevant research literature. A scoping review was conducted to gather and synthesize literature that investigates population dynamics of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli on whole unprocessed fresh produce (defined as produce not having undergone chopping, cutting, homogenization, irradiation, or pasteurization). Literature sources were identified using an exhaustive search of research and industry reports published prior to September 23, 2021, followed by screening for relevance based on strict, a priori eligibility criteria. A total of 277 studies that met all eligibility criteria were subjected to an in‐depth qualitative review of various factors (e.g., produce commodities, study settings, inoculation methodologies) that affect population dynamics. Included studies represent investigations of population dynamics on produce before (i.e., pre‐harvest; n = 143) and after (i.e., post‐harvest; n = 144) harvest. Several knowledge gaps were identified, including the limited representation of (i) pre‐harvest studies that investigated population dynamics of Listeria spp. on produce (n = 13, 9% of pre‐harvest studies), (ii) pre‐harvest studies that were carried out on non‐sprouts produce types grown using hydroponic cultivation practices (n = 7, 5% of pre‐harvest studies), and (iii) post‐harvest studies that reported the relative humidity conditions under which experiments were carried out (n = 56, 39% of post‐harvest studies). These and other knowledge gaps summarized in this scoping review represent areas of research that can be investigated in future studies.