bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Depth-Bounded Semantics for Becoming Informed
Authors: Larotonda Marco , Primiero Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present the three-valued modal logic DBBL-BI$$_{n}$$ to formally express information transmission among ordered agents bounded by limited access to repositories and where secrecy is admissible, viz. agents are not forced to transmit every data they possess to everyone else. The language, along with standard formulae for information holding at reachable states, includes formulae for agent and group information transmission, as well as assertion of trustworthy information. The description of information accessibility and transmission among agents is represented by formulae that hold in virtue of two distinct kinds of relations. We illustrate the application of the formal system with some intuitive examples.
Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program: interlaboratory comparison of insulin autoantibody assay performance in 2018 and 2020 workshops
Authors: Marzinotto Ilaria , Pittman David L. , Williams Alistair J. K. , Long Anna E. , Achenbach Peter , Schlosser Michael , Akolkar Beena , Winter William E. , Lampasona Vito ,   participating laboratories
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program (IASP) aims to improve the performance of immunoassays measuring autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes and the concordance of results across laboratories. IASP organises international workshops distributing anonymised serum samples to participating laboratories and centralises the collection and analysis of results. In this report, we describe the results of assays measuring IAA submitted to the IASP 2018 and 2020 workshops.

Methods
The IASP distributed uniquely coded sera from individuals with new-onset type 1 diabetes, multiple islet autoantibody-positive individuals, and diabetes-free blood donors in both 2018 and 2020. Serial dilutions of the anti-insulin mouse monoclonal antibody HUI-018 were also included. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), partial ROC-AUC at 95% specificity (pAUC95) and concordance of qualitative/quantitative results were compared across assays.

Results
Results from 45 IAA assays of seven different formats and from 37 IAA assays of six different formats were submitted to the IASP in 2018 and 2020, respectively. The median ROC-AUC was 0.736 (IQR 0.617–0.803) and 0.790 (IQR 0.730–0.836), while the median pAUC95 was 0.016 (IQR 0.004–0.021) and 0.023 (IQR 0.014–0.026) in the 2018 and 2020 workshops, respectively. Assays largely differed in AUC (IASP 2018 range 0.232–0.874; IASP 2020 range 0.379–0.924) and pAUC95 (IASP 2018 and IASP 2020 range 0–0.032).

Conclusions/interpretation
Assay formats submitted to this study showed heterogeneous performance. Despite the high variability across laboratories, the in-house radiobinding assay (RBA) remains the gold standard for IAA measurement. However, novel non-radioactive IAA immunoassays showed a good performance and, if further improved, might be considered valid alternatives to RBAs.

Graphical abstract
Volatile aroma compounds of distilled “tsipouro” spirits: effect of distillation technique
Authors: Kokoti Konstantina , Kosma Ioanna S. , Tataridis Panagiotis , Badeka Anastasia V. , Kontominas Michael G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the distillation technique: (i) fractional column distillation (FCD), (ii) copper alembic distillation (CAD), and (iii) home distillation (HD) on the aroma profile of the distilled spirit “tsipouro”. Volatile compounds were identified and semi-quantified in all above fractions for comparison purposes using Solid Phase Micro-extraction–Gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS). Τhe richest (p < 0.05) distillate in volatile compounds was that of the FCD, with a total concentration of 768.38 mg/L followed by the HD (577.79 mg/L) and CAD (315.30 mg/L). The concentrations of the volatiles determined (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acetals, esters, organic acids, terpenes, hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic compounds) were found to be similar to those of other Greek and European distilled marc spirits. Ethanol and total volatile compound content were within limits set by Greek and EU legislation. Methanol, a toxic compound of grape marc distillates, was determined only in the entire product of CAD 1st distillation (19.35 mg/L) and the “head + tail” fraction of the CAD 2nd distillation (12.82 mg/L) in amounts well below the EU legal limit of 1000 g/hL of absolute alcohol. A general reducing trend was noted in most volatile compound concentration proceeding from the 1st to the 2nd CAD distillation refining the flavor of tsipouro.
Sequential alterations in diffusion metrics as correlates of disease severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Müller Hans-Peter , Behler Anna , Münch Maximilian , Dorst Johannes , Ludolph Albert C. , Kassubek Jan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
The neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) follows a regional distribution pattern in the brain with four stages. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), this pattern can be translated into a tract-based staging scheme to assess cerebral progression in vivo. This study investigates the association between the sequential alteration pattern and disease severity in patients with ALS.

Methods
DTI data of 325 patients with ALS and 130 healthy controls were analyzed in a tract of interest (TOI)-based approach. Patients were categorized according to their ALS-FRS-R scores into groups with declining functionality. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the tracts associated with neuropathological stages were group-wise compared with healthy controls.

Results
The FA in the tracts associated with ALS stages showed a decrease which could be related to the disease severity stratification, i.e., at the group level, the lower the ALS-FRS-R of the categorized patient group, the higher was the effect size of the stage-related tract. In the patient group with the highest ALS-FRS-R, Cohen’s d showed a medium effect size in the corticospinal tract and small effect sizes in the other stage-related tracts. Overall, the lower the ALS-FRS-R of the categorized patient group the higher was the effect size of the comparison with healthy controls.

Conclusion
The progression of white matter alterations across tracts according to the model of sequential tract involvement is associated with clinical disease severity in patients with ALS, suggesting the use of staging-based DTI as a technical marker for disease progression.
Sprint cycling rate of torque development associates with strength measurement in trained cyclists
Authors: Connolly Shannon , Peeling Peter , Binnie Martyn J. , Goods Paul S. R. , Latella Christopher , Taylor Janet L. , Blazevich Anthony J. , Timmerman Wouter P. , Abbiss Chris R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A cyclist’s rate of force/torque development (RFD/RTD) and peak force/torque can be measured during single-joint or whole-body isometric tests, or during cycling. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between these measures, and of the mechanisms that contribute to each measure. Therefore, we examined the: (i) relationship between quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function with RFD/RTD in isometric knee extension, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and sprint cycling; and (ii) relationship among RFD/RTD and peak force/torque between protocols.

Methods
Eighteen trained cyclists completed two familiarisation and two experimental sessions. Each session involved an isometric knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling protocol, where peak force/torque, average and peak RFD/RTD, and early (0–100 ms) and late (0–200 ms) RFD/RTD were measured. Additionally, measures of quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function were assessed during the knee extension.

Results
Strong relationships were observed between quadriceps early EMG activity (EMG50/M) and knee extension RTD (r or ρ = 0.51–0.65) and IMTP late RFD (r = 0.51), and between cycling early or late RTD and peak twitch torque (r or ρ = 0.70–0.75). Strong-to-very strong relationships were observed between knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling for peak force/torque, early and late RFD/RTD, and peak RFD/RTD (r or ρ = 0.59–0.80).

Conclusion
In trained cyclists, knee extension RTD or IMTP late RFD are related to measures of quadriceps central neuromuscular function, while cycling RTD is related to measures of quadriceps peripheral neuromuscular function. Further, the strong associations among force/torque measures between tasks indicate a level of transferability across tasks.
Three-level model for opinion aggregation under hesitance
Authors: Zapletal František , Hudec Miroslav , Švaňa Miloš , Němec Radek 
Published: February 2023

AbstractValuable information for decision-making can be obtained by collecting and analyzing opinions from diverse stakeholder or respondent groups, which usually have different backgrounds and are variously affected by the topics under survey. For this to succeed, it is necessary to manage the uncertainty of respondents’ opinions, different number of filled questionnaires among groups, different number of questions for each stakeholder group, and relevance of subsets of respondent groups. This work proposes handling the hesitance of respondents’ opinions for the rating scale questions. To evaluate the collected opinions, a three-level aggregation model is developed. In the first level, the overall opinion of each respondent is computed as a mean of fuzzy numbers covering uncertain answers and their respective hesitance. In the second level, stakeholder groups are considered as a whole. Aggregation by a relative quantifier is applied to calculate the validity of a proposition the majority of respondents have a positive or negative opinion. At the third level, the consensus among diverse subsets of stakeholder groups is calculated considering the relevance of each group independently as well as their so-called coalitions by Choquet integral. Finally, the proposed model is illustrated by a real-life case study.
Pediatric cervical spine injuries—results of the German multicenter CHILDSPINE study
Authors: Jarvers Jan-Sven , Herren Christian , Jung Matthias K. , Blume Christian , Meinig Holger , Ruf Michael , Weiß Thomas , Rüther Hauke , Welk Thomas , Badke Andreas , Gonschorek Oliver , Heyde Christoph E. , Kandziora Frank , Knop Christian , Kobbe Philipp , Scholz Matti , Siekmann Holger , Spiegl Ulrich , Strohm Peter , Strüwind Christoph , Matschke Stefan , Disch Alexander C. , Kreinest Michael ,   Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to provide epidemiological data of pediatric patients suffering from cervical spinal trauma in Germany, in order to integrate these data in future decision-making processes concerning diagnosis and therapy.

Materials and Methods
Retrospective multicenter study includes all patients up to 16 years suffering from cervical spine injuries who were treated in six German spine centers between 01/2010 and 12/2016. The clinical databases were screened for specific trauma mechanism, level of injury as well as accompanying injuries. Diagnostic imaging and the chosen therapy were analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups for further evaluation: age group I (0–6 years), age group II (7–9 years), age group III (10–16 years).

Results
A total of 214 children with 265 cervical spine injuries were included during the mentioned period. The mean age at the time of injury was 11.9 (± 3.9) years. In age group I, 24 (11.2%) patients were included, age group II consisted of 22 patients (10.3%), and 168 patients belonged to age group III (78.5%). Girls and boys were equally affected. In all age groups, falls and traffic accidents were the most common causes of cervical spine injuries. A total of 180 patients (84.1%) were treated conservatively, while 34 (15.9%) children underwent surgery. Distorsion/whiplash injury was the most common entity (n = 165; 68.2%). Children aged 0–9 years had significantly (p < 0.001) more frequent injuries of the upper cervical spine (C0-C2) compared to older age groups. Patients of age group III were more likely to suffer from injuries in subaxial localizations. Neurological deficits were rarely seen in all age groups. Head injuries did represent the most common accompanying injuries (39.8%, n = 92).

Conclusions
The upper cervical spine was more frequently affected in young children. Older children more often suffered from subaxial pathologies. The majority of cervical spinal column injuries were treated conservatively. Nevertheless, 15% of the hospitalized children had to be treated surgically.
MRgFUS thalamotomy for the treatment of tremor: evaluation of learning curve and operator’s experience impact on the procedural and clinical outcome
Authors: Bruno F. , Tommasino E. , Pertici L. , Pagliei V. , Gagliardi A. , Catalucci A. , Arrigoni F. , Palumbo P. , Sucapane P. , Pistoia F. , Marini C. , Ricci A. , Barile A. , Di Cesare E. , Splendiani A. , Masciocchi C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
MRgFUS Vim ablation is increasingly used for the treatment of tremor in ET e PD patients but there is little published research on the importance of operator experience in this procedure. This study aims to evaluate the learning curve and the influence of the operator experience on the procedural and clinical outcomes.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 90 patients (38 ET, 52 PD) submitted to MRgFUS unilateral thalamotomy in the period between February 2018 and July 2020. Clinical endpoints, procedural times, and technical parameters were recorded in all procedures. Based on the time of treatment, patients were divided into three groups of 30 units each, comparing all variables between each time period group.

Results
In Group A, the average patient preparation time was 120.6 min, the treatment time was 105.2 min, the number of was sonications 14.1, and the mean target shifts 3.1. In Group B, the mean preparation time was 105.5 min, the treatment time was 89.5 min, the number of sonications was 13.2, and the target shifts 3.0. Group C showed inferior values of preparation time (101.9 min), treatment time (71.7 min), numbers of sonications (10.6), and shifts (1.7). Thalamotomy-related complications occurred in 9 patients of Group A, 2 of Group B, and 5 of Group C. Tremor relapse occurred in 7 patients of Group A, 3 of Group B, and 2 of Group C. The days of hospitalization were comparable in the three groups.

Conclusions
The operators experience is associated with the improvement of clinical and procedural outcome in MRgFUS thalatomy for the treatment of ET and PD tremor.
Rassismus? So was gibt es bei uns nicht!
Authors: von Heyden Nadia , Zeltwanger Susanne 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag greift erste Forschungszwischenergebnisse des Modellprojekts „Vielfalt vor Ort begegnen“ auf und legt dabei einen Schwerpunkt auf die Interaktion zwischen Fachkräften und Kindern im Kontext der Vielfaltskategorien ethnische Herkunft und Hautfarbe. Eine Schwierigkeit, die sich immer wieder zeigt, ist das offene Ansprechen und Thematisieren von Differenz bezogen auf diese Vielfaltskategorien bei Kindern. Der Beitrag soll aufzeigen, dass es keine Lösung darstellen kann, Rassismuserfahrungen von Kindern zu dethematisieren, sondern vielmehr ein offener, rassismuskritischer Umgang damit notwendig ist.
What makes a good life: using theatrical performance to enhance communication about polygenic risk scores research in patient and public involvement
Authors: Mason Amy M. , Obi Ifunanya , Ayodele Olamide , Lambert Samuel A. , Fahle Sarah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) work was to explore improvised theatre as a tool for facilitating bi-directional dialogue between researchers and patients/members of the public on the topic of polygenic risk scores (PRS) use within primary or secondary care. PRS are a tool to quantify genetic risk for a heritable disease or trait and may be used to predict future health outcomes. In the United Kingdom (UK), they are often cited as a next-in-line public health tool to be implemented, and their use in consumer genetic testing as well as patient-facing settings is increasing. Despite their potential clinical utility, broader themes about how they might influence an individual’s perception of disease risk and decision-making are an active area of research; however, this has mostly been in the setting of return of results to patients. We worked with a youth theatre group and patients involved in a PPIE group to develop two short plays about public perceptions of genetic risk information that could be captured by PRS. These plays were shared in a workshop with patients/members of the public to facilitate discussions about PRS and their perceived benefits, concerns and emotional reactions. Discussions with both performers and patients/public raised three key questions: (1) can the data be trusted?; (2) does knowing genetic risk actually help the patient?; and (3) what makes a life worthwhile? Creating and watching fictional narratives helped all participants explore the potential use of PRS in a clinical setting, informing future research considerations and improving communication between the researchers and lay members of the PPIE group.
Biochar yield prediction using response surface methodology: effect of fixed carbon and pyrolysis operating conditions
Authors: Mariyam Sabah , Alherbawi Mohammad , Pradhan Snigdhendubala , Al-Ansari Tareq , McKay Gordon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenerating value from wastes via pyrolysis has been increasingly researched in recent times. Biochar is a versatile pyrolysis product with yields based on many process parameters, including feedstock type and particle size, and operating conditions such as pyrolysis reactor, heating rate, residence time, and reaction temperature. The heterogeneous nature of waste biomass creates challenges in controlling the pyrolysis’ product selectivity. Intensive and time-consuming experimental studies are often required to determine product distribution for the pyrolysis of each unique feedstock. Alternatively, prediction models that learn from a wide range of existing experimental data may provide insight into potential yields for different biomass sources. Several advanced models exist in the literature which can predict the yield of biochar and subsequent products based on operating temperature. However, these models do not consider the combined effect of biomass characteristics and operating conditions on biochar yield, which is considered a decisive factor for biochar formation. As such, the objective of this study is to develop a prediction model based on the biomass’ fixed carbon content (14–22%), reaction temperature (350–750 °C), and heating rate (5–10 °C/min) using the response surface methodology. Biomasses, date stones, spent coffee grounds, and cow manure have been used to design a Box-Behnken experiment based on the three factors for the biochar yield response. An empirical equation is developed based on a statistically significant quadratic model to produce optimized biochar yield with high prediction accuracy. The study discussed the 3D response and diagnostic plots and conducted validation experiments to confirm the applicability of the developed model. The biochar yields are significantly affected by the fixed carbon content of the feedstock and the reaction temperature, and the experimental validation confirms the accuracy of biochar yield quantification. The model can be easily applied for further process flow modeling of biomass pyrolysis, only relying on proximate feed analysis, operating temperature, and heating rate.
Advancing Nitinol Implant Design and Simulation Through Data-Driven Methodologies
Authors: Paranjape Harshad M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent advances in the Data Science methods for acquiring and analyzing large amounts of materials deformation data have the potential to tremendously benefit Nitinol (Nickel–Titanium shape memory alloy) implant design and simulation. We review some of these data-driven methodologies and provide a perspective on adapting these techniques to Nitinol design and simulation. We organize the review in a three-tiered approach. The methods in the first tier relate to data acquisition. We review methods for acquiring full-field deformation data from implants and methods for quantifying uncertainty in such data. The second-tier methods relate to combining data from multiple sources to gain a holistic understanding of complex deformation phenomena such as fatigue. Methods in the third tier relate to making data-driven simulation of the deformation response of Nitinol. A wide adaption of these methods by the Nitinol cardiovascular implant community may be facilitated by building consensus on best practices and open exchange of computational tools.
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fazaludeen Koya Shaffi , Abdalla Salma M. , Kodama Chiori , Keita Mory , Abubakar Abdinasir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective
World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO EMR) has 40% people in the world in need of humanitarian assistance. This systematic review explores selected vector-borne and zoonotic diseases (VBZDs) of importance to EMR in terms of disease burden across countries and periods, disaggregated across sex, age groups, education levels, income status, and rural/urban areas, related vector or animal source reduction measures, and public health, social and economic impacts and related interventions.

Methods
We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and reviewed articles in PubMed, Embase, and WHO Global Index Medicus published between 1st of January 2011 and 27th of June 2022. Thirteen VBZDs with at least one reported outbreak in the last five years in the region or prioritized as per previous analysis at the WHO global and regional level and based on expert consultations, were included as part of the analysis.

Results
The review included 295 studies—55% on leishmaniasis and dengue combined, and 75% studies from Pakistan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Iran combined. Hospital-based and nationally representative studies constituted 60% and 10% respectively. Males were predominantly affected in most diseases; children reported high burden of Leishmaniasis, whereas elderly had a higher burden of Dengue Fever and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Although very few studies reported on socioeconomic differences in burden, the ones that reported showed higher burden of diseases among the disadvantaged socioeconomic groups such as the poor and the less educated. More than 80% studies reported an increase in burden over the years.

Conclusion
The literature is scanty for most of the diseases reviewed and the number of studies from countries with humanitarian challenges is very low. The need for more nationally representative, population-based studies calls for prioritizing research investments.