bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing electricity demand scheduling in microgrids using deep reinforcement learning for cost‐efficiency
Authors: Xiong Baoyin , Guo Yiguo , Zhang Liyang , Li Jianbin , Liu Xiufeng , Cheng Long 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRenewable energy sources (RES) are increasingly being developed and used to address the energy crisis and protect the environment. However, the large‐scale integration of wind and solar energy into the power grid is still challenging and limits the adoption of these new energy sources. Microgrids (MGs) are small‐scale power generation and distribution systems that can effectively integrate renewable energy, electric loads, and energy storage systems (ESS). By using MGs, it is possible to consume renewable energy locally and reduce energy losses from long‐distance transmission. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)‐based energy management system (EMS) called DRL‐MG to process and schedule energy purchase requests from customers in real‐time. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to enhance the quality of service (QoS) for customers and reduce their electricity costs by proposing an approach that utilizes a Deep Q‐learning Network (DQN) model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms commonly used real‐time scheduling methods significantly.
CryptoEval: Evaluating the risk of cryptographic misuses in Android apps with data‐flow analysis
Authors: Sun Cong , Xu Xinpeng , Wu Yafei , Zeng Dongrui , Tan Gang , Ma Siqi , Wang Peicheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe misunderstanding and incorrect configurations of cryptographic primitives have exposed severe security vulnerabilities to attackers. Due to the pervasiveness and diversity of cryptographic misuses, a comprehensive and accurate understanding of how cryptographic misuses can undermine the security of an Android app is critical to the subsequent mitigation strategies but also challenging. Although various approaches have been proposed to detect cryptographic misuse in Android apps, studies have yet to focus on estimating the security risks of cryptographic misuse. To address this problem, the authors present an extensible framework for deciding the threat level of cryptographic misuse in Android apps. Firstly, the authors propose a general and unified specification for representing cryptographic misuses to make our framework extensible and develop adapters to unify the detection results of the state‐of‐the‐art cryptographic misuse detectors, resulting in an adapter‐based detection tool chain for a more comprehensive list of cryptographic misuses. Secondly, the authors employ a misuse‐originating data‐flow analysis to connect each cryptographic misuse to a set of data‐flow sinks in an app, based on which the authors propose a quantitative data‐flow‐driven metric for assessing the overall risk of the app introduced by cryptographic misuses. To make the per‐app assessment more useful for app vetting at the app‐store level, the authors apply unsupervised learning to predict and classify the top risky threats to guide more efficient subsequent mitigation. In the experiments on an instantiated implementation of the framework, the authors evaluate the accuracy of our detection and the effect of data‐flow‐driven risk assessment of our framework. Our empirical study on over 40,000 apps, and the analysis of popular apps reveal important security observations on the real threats of cryptographic misuse in Android apps.
A ray tracing‐assisted device discovery approach for low terahertz communications
Authors: Doeker Tobias , Boban Mate , Kürner Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFuture wireless communication systems at low terahertz frequencies (0.1–1 THz) suffer from high attenuation losses, and therefore, highly directive antennas are foreseen. As highly directive antennas have narrow beams, the alignment of the transmitter and the receiver is a crucial step in such systems. A device discovery approach using results from ray tracing (RT) combined with an iterative fine tuning is presented by the authors. A summary of previous investigations emphasises the benefits in terms of performance compared to an iterative approach. Furthermore, it indicates strong dependency of the RT output on the accuracy of the input data, that is, the environmental model. The authors extend the previous works by evaluating the impact of antenna characteristics. It is shown that the sidelobes lead to an error in the final alignment due to the superposition of the received power via multipath components, and equations to calculate the maximum error are given. Besides, the impact is evaluated with respect to sidelobe suppression. Here, equations to calculate the maximum error are given and it is shown that the sidelobes do not affect the alignment if the gain of the sidelobe is more than 30 dB lower than that of the mainlobe.
Spectral analysis of a parsec-scale jet in M 87: Observational constraint on the magnetic field strengths in the jet
Authors: Ro Hyunwook , Kino Motoki , Sohn Bong Won , Hada Kazuhiro , Park Jongho , Nakamura Masanori , Cui Yuzhu , Yi Kunwoo , Chung Aeree , Hodgson Jeffrey , Kawashima Tomohisa , An Tao , Trippe Sascha , Algaba Juan-Carlos , Kim Jae-Young , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Wajima Kiyoaki , Shen Zhiqiang , Cheng Xiaopeng , Cho Ilje , Jiang Wu , Jung Taehyun , Lee Jee-Won , Niinuma Kotaro , Oh Junghwan , Tazaki Fumie , Zhao Guang-Yao , Akiyama Kazunori , Honma Mareki , Lee Jeong Ae , Lu Rusen , Zhang Yingkang , Asada Keiichi , Cui Lang , Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Hirota Tomoya , Kawaguchi Noriyuki , Koyama Shoko , Lee Sang-Sung , Oh Se-Jin , Sugiyama Koichiro , Takamura Mieko , Wang Xuezheng , Hwang Ju-Yeon , Jung Dong-Kyu , Kim Hyo-Ryoung , Kim Jeong-Sook , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Oh Chung-Sik , Oyama Tomoaki , Roh Duk-Gyoo , Yeom Jae-Hwan 
Published: May 2023

Context. Because of its proximity and the large size of its black hole, M 87 is one of the best targets for studying the launching mechanism of active galactic nucleus jets. Currently, magnetic fields are considered to be an essential factor in the launching and accelerating of the jet. However, current observational estimates of the magnetic field strength of the M 87 jet are limited to the innermost part of the jet (≲100 rs) or to HST-1 (∼105 rs). No attempt has yet been made to measure the magnetic field strength in between.
Aims. We aim to infer the magnetic field strength of the M 87 jet out to a distance of several thousand rs by tracking the distance-dependent changes in the synchrotron spectrum of the jet from high-resolution very long baseline interferometry observations.
Methods. In order to obtain high-quality spectral index maps, quasi-simultaneous observations at 22 and 43 GHz were conducted using the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). We compared the spectral index distributions obtained from the observations with a model and placed limits on the magnetic field strengths as a function of distance.
Results. The overall spectral morphology is broadly consistent over the course of these observations. The observed synchrotron spectrum rapidly steepens from α22 − 43 GHz ∼ −0.7 at ∼2 mas to α22 − 43 GHz ∼ −2.5 at ∼6 mas. In the KaVA observations, the spectral index remains unchanged until ∼10 mas, but this trend is unclear in the VLBA observations. A spectral index model in which nonthermal electron injections inside the jet decrease with distance can adequately reproduce the observed trend. This suggests the magnetic field strength of the jet at a distance of 2−10 mas (∼900 rs − ∼4500 rs in the deprojected distance) has a range of B = (0.3−1.0 G)(z/2mas)−0.73. Extrapolating to the Event Horizon Telescope scale yields consistent results, suggesting that the majority of the magnetic flux of the jet near the black hole is preserved out to ∼4500 rs without significant dissipation.
A discontinuity at the base of the transition layer located between the Keplerian accretion disk and the compact object
Authors: Titarchuk L. , Kalashnikov I. 
Published: May 2023

Context.We study the geometry of the transition layer (TL) between the classical Keplerian accretion disk (the TL outer boundary) and the compact object at the TL inner boundary.Aims.Our goal is to use the hydrodynamical formalism to demonstrate that the TL is created, together with a shock, in response to a discontinuity and to adjust the Keplerian disk motion to a central object (CO).Methods.We apply hydrodynamical equations to describe a plasma motion near a CO in the TL.Results.We point out that, before matter accretes to a CO, the TL cloud is formed between an adjustment radius and the TL inner boundary, which is probably a site where the emergent Compton spectrum originates. Using a generalization of the Randkine–Hugoniot relation and a solution of the azimutal force balance equation, we are able to reproduce the geometric characteristics of the TL.
Switching from Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Aspirin Plus a P2Y12 Inhibitor to Dual Pathway Inhibition with Aspirin Plus Vascular-Dose Rivaroxaban: The Switching Anti-Platelet and Anti-Coagulant Therapy (SWAP-AC) Study
Authors: Ortega-Paz Luis , Franchi Francesco , Rollini Fabiana , Galli Mattia , Been Latonya , Ghanem Ghussan , Shalhoub Awss , Ossi Tiffany , Rivas Andrea , Zhou Xuan , Pineda Andres M. , Suryadevara Siva , Soffer Daniel , Zenni Martin M. , Jennings Lisa K. , Angiolillo Dominick J. 
Published: May 2023

Background To date, there are no data on switching to dual pathway inhibition (DPI) patients who have completed a guideline-recommended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimen.
Objectives To assess the feasibility of switching from DAPT to DPI and to compare the pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of these treatments.
Methods This was a prospective, randomized, PD study conducted in 90 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) on DAPT with aspirin (81 mg/qd) plus a P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel [75 mg/qd; n = 30], ticagrelor [90 mg/bid; n = 30], or prasugrel [10 mg/qd; n = 30]). Patients in each cohort were randomized to maintain DAPT or switch to DPI (aspirin 81 mg/qd plus rivaroxaban 2.5 mg/bid). PD assessments included: VerifyNow P2Y12 reaction units; light transmittance aggregometry following stimuli with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), tissue factor (TF), and a combination of collagen, ADP, and TF (maximum platelet aggregation %); thrombin generation (TG). Assays were performed at baseline and 30 days postrandomization.
Results Switching from DAPT to DPI occurred without major side effects. DAPT was associated with enhanced P2Y12 inhibition, while DPI with reduced TG. Platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity (primary endpoint) showed no differences between DAPT and DPI in the ticagrelor (14.5% [0.0–63.0] vs. 20.0% [0.0–70.0]; p = 0.477) and prasugrel (20.0% [0.0–66.0] vs. 4.0% [0.0–70.0]; p = 0.482), but not clopidogrel (27.0% [0.0–68.0] vs. 53.0% [0.0–81.0]; p = 0.011), cohorts.
Conclusion In patients with CCS, switching from different DAPT regimens to DPI was feasible, showing enhanced P2Y12 inhibition with DAPT and reduced TG with DPI, with no differences in platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity between DPI and ticagrelor- and prasugrel-, but not clopidogrel-, based DAPT.
Clinical Trial Registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique Identifier: NCT04006288.
Adrenal Vein Sampling in the Young – Necessary or
Not?
Authors: Gkaniatsa Eleftheria , Ragnarsson Oskar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrent clinical guidelines from the US Endocrine Society state that adrenal
venous sampling (AVS) may not be necessary in patients younger than 35 years
with marked aldosteronism and a solitary adrenal adenoma on imaging. At the time
when the guidelines were published, only one study supported the statement, a
study that included 6 patients younger than 35 years, all of whom had unilateral
adenoma on imaging and unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA), according to AVS.
Since then, to our knowledge, four additional studies have been published that
provide data on concordance between conventional imaging and AVS among patients
younger than 35 years. In these studies, 7 of 66 patients with unilateral
disease on imaging had bilateral disease, according to AVS. We find it,
therefore, reasonable to conclude that imaging studies alone inaccurately
predict laterality in a significant number of young patients with PA and that
available data challenge the current clinical guidelines.
Impact of Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation on Descendants' Kidney in Adulthood
Authors: Fernandes Thayane Ferreira da Costa , Conde Poliana dos Santos , Brasil Flavia de Bittencourt , Oliveira Marcos Roberto de 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSupplementation with folic acid (FA) during gestation has been recommended by medical society all over the world, but some studies have shown that intake of high folic acid diet may unleash damages to the descendants. Objectives: Describing the effects of maternal supplementation with FA during gestation on offspring's kidney at late life stages. Data Source: It is a systematic review by which were consulted the following databases: Medline, through Pubmed, Lilacs, and SciELO. The research was performed using the keywords “Folic acid”, “Gestation” and “Kidney”. Study Selection: Eight studies were regarded for this systematic review. Data Collection: Only studies that evaluated folic acid consumption during gestation and its effects exclusively on descendants' kidney at several phases of life were regarded. Results: Gestational FA intake did not change the renal volume, glomerular filtration rate and the expression of some essential genes in the kidney of puppies whose dams were supplemented with FA. Maternal consumption of double FA plus selenium diet was effective in preserving antioxidant enzymes activity in the kidney of descendants from mothers exposed to alcohol. FA supplementation decreased some gross anomalies in the puppies caused by teratogenic drug despite of had not been effective in preventing some renal architectural damages. Conclusion: FA supplementation did not cause renal toxicity; it exerted an antioxidant protective effect and mitigated some renal disorders caused by severe aggressions.
Impact of heat stress on dairy cow rumination, milking frequency, milk yield and quality in a pasture-based automatic milking system
Authors: Talukder S. , Qiu D. , Thomson P. C. , Cheng L. , Cullen B. R. 
Published: May 2023

Context Heat stress is an increasing concern for the Australian dairy industry. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature–humidity index (THI) on rumination time (RT), milk yield and quality, and milking frequency in a pasture-based voluntary-movement automatic milking system (AMS). Methods Data were collected from the University of Melbourne Dookie College AMS farm for 3 years (June 2016 to March 2019). Daily RT was collected through the transponder collar (Qwes-HR, Lely). Climatic data (maximum ambient temperature and relative humidity) were obtained from the Dookie Meteorological station to calculate daily maximum THI (THImax). Key results Daily milk yield increased with a rising THImax to 65, then declined after THImax 65. Milking frequency was highest at THImax 90, followed by a steady decline afterwards. Rumination time was maximum at mid-range THImax and declined for high and low values. Conclusions The findings of this study clearly indicated that under pasture-based voluntary-movement AMS, high THI resulted in a drop in the milk yield, milking frequency and RT. Implications With the provision of automation of data collection from AMS, further study with mathematical modelling describing the daily patterns and thresholds in conjunction with the different heat stress levels can be useful for assessing animal welfare and to mitigate heat stress and seek alternative management strategies.
Skim-Nanopore sequencing for routine genomic evaluation and bacterial pathogen detection in cattle
Authors: Lamb H. J. , Nguyen L. T. , Briody T. E. , Ambrose R. K. , Hayes B. J. , Mahony T. J. , Ross E. M. 
Published: May 2023

Context Genotyping-by-sequencing, the use of sequence reads to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), has seen an increase in popularity as a tool for genomic prediction. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (Nanopore) sequencing is an emerging technology that produces long sequence reads in real-time. Recent studies have established the ability for low-coverage Nanopore sequence data to be used for genomic prediction. However, the value proposition of Nanopore sequencing for individuals could be improved if both genotyping and disease diagnosis are achieved from a single sample. Aims This study aimed to demonstrate that Nanopore sequencing can be used for both rapid genotyping and as a disease diagnostic tool using the same sample in livestock. Methods Total DNA extracts from nasal swabs collected from 48 feedlot cattle presenting with clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were sequenced using the Nanopore PromethION sequencer. After 24 h of sequencing, genotypes were imputed and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for four traits were derived using 641 163 SNPs and corresponding SNP effects. These GEBVs were compared with GEBVs derived from SNP array genotypes and calculated using the same SNP effects. Unmapped sequence reads were classified into taxa using Kraken2 and compared with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results for five BRD-associated pathogens of interest. Key results Sequence-derived genotypes for 46 of the 48 animals were produced in 24 h and GEBV correlations ranged between 0.92 and 0.94 for the four traits. Eleven different BRD-associated pathogens (two viruses and nine bacterial species) were detected in the samples using Nanopore sequence data. A significant (P < 0.001) relationship between Nanopore and qPCR results was observed for five overlapping species when a maximum threshold cycle was used. Conclusions The results of this study indicated that 46 cattle genomes can be multiplexed and accurately genotyped for downstream genomic prediction by using a single PromethION flow cell (ver. R9.4) in 24 h. This equates to a cost of AUD35.82 per sample for consumables. The concordance between qPCR results and pathogen proportion estimates also indicated that some pathogenic species, in particular bacterial species, can be accurately identified from the same test. Implications Using Nanopore sequencing, routine genotyping and disease detection in livestock could be combined into one cost-competitive test with a rapid turnaround time.
An investigation into potential genetic predictors of birth weight in tropically adapted beef cattle in northern Australia
Authors: Moore K. L. , Johnston D. J. , Grant T. P. 
Published: May 2023

Context Birth weight can be an important trait in beef cattle through its association with dystocia and increased likelihood of calf and cow mortality. Recording large numbers of birth weights in beef cattle to obtain a suitable genetic evaluation has often been hard to achieve. Aims We assess if coronet circumference measurements taken at birth and weights and coronet circumference measured post-birth are suitable predictors of birth weight for use in genetic evaluation in northern Australian tropically adapted beef breeds. Methods Animals were recorded at birth for weight (N = 5352) and coronet circumference (N = 2552), at 3 months of age for the liveweight (N = 2848) and coronet circumference (N = 2855) and liveweight at 6 months (N = 4929). Data were from three tropically adapted beef cattle breeds (viz. Brahman, Droughtmaster and Santa Gertrudis) recorded in two northern Australia herds. Genetic parameters were estimated from a pooled dataset containing all three breeds. Results Birth weight had an estimated direct and maternal heritability of 0.51 (0.04) and 0.14 (0.02) respectively. Coronet circumference also had high heritabilities, with estimates at birth and 3 months of 0.50 (0.07) and 0.55 (0.06) respectively. The estimated genetic correlation between birth weight and coronet circumference measured at birth was 0.86 (0.03). Birth weight genetic correlations were 0.75 (0.05) with 3-month weight, 0.69 (0.05) with weaning weight and 0.62 (0.05) with coronet circumference at 3 months. Conclusions Coronet measurements could be used in genetic evaluation as a proxy for birth weight. However, the most useful coronet measure was when it was recorded at birth. This would still require catching the calf at birth, thus greatly reducing the benefit of having an alternative measure. Coronet circumference recorded in the branding cradle at 3 months of age was also a useful predictor of birth weight but added little if post-birth weights were available. Importantly, all post-birth indirect measures of birth weight require adjustment for animal age and, therefore, would need recording of the individual calf’s date of birth. Implications Coronet circumference recorded at birth and 3 months of age does not appear to be a suitable proxy for genetic evaluation of birth weight.
Nanoscale mass measurement based on suspended graphene
Authors: Gong Tianxun , Huang Wen , He Yuhao , He Yiwen , Zhang Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A highly sensitive nanoscale mass sensor was developed for weight measurement of single microparticles using a suspended graphene structure. The sensor is composed of an array of holes covered with suspended monolayer graphene. Based on the shift of the 2D Raman peak in graphene, originating from the elongation of carbon–carbon bonds under pressure, the mass of microparticles in suspended graphene can be measured. The results show that the sensor can detect microparticles with mass ranging from 0.1 ng to 3 ng. The peak shift ratio is −69.8 cm−1 per 1% strain for the experimental value and −72.3 cm−1 per 1% strain for the calculated value. The demonstrated concept presents a promising path for nano-mass measurement applications.
Investigation of the effects of parallel electric field on fog dissipation
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Jiawei , Li Chuan , He Fuyou , Li Dingchen , Yu Kexun , Pan Yuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fog dissipation by charge and electric field has become a research hotspot due to its affordability and high efficiency compared with traditional technologies. However, the mechanism by which the electric field affects the temporal variation of droplet concentration is unclear. Therefore, a cylinder fog chamber with a radius of 0.15 m and a height of 1 m is established to analyze the influence of electric field on the concentration change of partially charged fog (50% of fog droplets are charged). The distribution of electric field in the fog chamber is simulated by an electrostatic model in COMSOL, and the electric field in the fog chamber is regarded as a parallel electric field. A percentage concentration α, the ratio of the real droplet concentration n, and the initial droplet concentration n
0 are introduced to describe the effects of fog dissipation. The results show that visibility can increase from 10 m to 150 m after applying the electric field. The shortest time is 12 s, which is much smaller than the natural settling time (102 s). Furthermore, α first increases, then decreases, and finally gets close to zero with electric field E regardless of the charged state (neutral or partially charged) at the beginning of applying the electric field (t = 60 s). Besides, α without charging is smaller than that with partially charging. Finally, α decreases with electric field E regardless of the charged state at the end of the applied electric field (t = 240 s). These findings can be explained by the relative strength of electrostatic force effect induced by the electric field on neutral and charged droplets and gravitational effect, which are quantified by the calculation analysis of various forces. The results can be used to guide and optimize the structure of experimental setups for outdoor fog dissipation in the future.