bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study on the use of a novel digital real‐time evaluation system in undergraduate preclinical training of tooth preparation in fixed prosthodontics
Authors: Yu Weiqiang , Zhu Ziyuan , Su Tingshu , Weng Weimin , Xu Chun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn the light of the digital teaching, it is necessary that the effectiveness of a new digital real‐time evaluation system in the preclinical training of tooth preparation be evaluated.Materials and MethodsForty undergraduate dental students of the fourth year were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group to complete the training task of tooth preparation for porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crown restoring the upper right central incisor. The control students received conventional training with instructor's guidance. The experimental students received training with the digital system without instructor's guidance. Every student exercised preparation in two resin incisors in 3 h training by respective training methods. A third incisor was prepared on a dental model in the simulated head phantom by each student as the test on the next day. All students' tooth preparations were scored by the same two experienced experts. The experimental students were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding their attitudes and opinions on the digital evaluation system in preclinical training.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the scores of the experimental group and the control group (p > .05). The students of two groups obtained the similar scores in the test (p > .05). Most of the students were supportive of the application of digital training system in the preclinical tooth preparation training course.ConclusionsThe digital real‐time evaluation system could provide effective training effects for the dental undergraduate students in the preclinical training of tooth preparation in fixed prosthodontics.
Expression of paired box 9 defines an aggressive subset of lung adenocarcinoma preferentially occurring in smokers
Authors: Hayashi Takuo , Kishi Monami , Takamochi Kazuya , Hosoya Masaki , Kohsaka Shinji , Kishikawa Satsuki , Ura Ayako , Sano Kei , Sasahara Noriko , Suehara Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Saito Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Kenji , Yao Takashi ,   the Tokyo Metropolitan Innovative Oncology Research Group (TMIG)
Published: December 2022

AimsA distinct subset of lung adenocarcinomas (LADs), arising from a series of peripheral lung cells defined as the terminal respiratory unit (TRU), is characterised by thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF‐1) expression. The clinical relevance of transcription factors (TFs) other than TTF‐1 remains unknown in LAD and was explored in the present study.Methods and resultsSeventy‐one LAD samples were subjected to high‐throughput transcriptome screening of LAD using cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) sequencing data; CAGE provides genome‐wide expression levels of the transcription start sites (TSSs). In total, 1083 invasive LAD samples were subjected to immunohistochemical examination for paired box 9 (PAX9) and TTF‐1 expression levels. PAX9 is an endoderm development‐associated TF that most strongly and inversely correlates with the expression of TTF‐1 TSS subsets. Immunohistochemically, PAX9 expression was restricted to the nuclei of ciliated epithelial and basal cells in the bronchi and bronchioles and the nuclei of epithelial cells of the bronchial glands; moreover, PAX9 expression was observed in 304 LADs (28%). PAX9‐positive LADs were significantly associated with heavy smoking, non‐lepidic subtype, EGFR wild‐type tumours and PD‐L1 expression (all P < 0.0001). All these characteristics were opposite to those of TRU‐type LADs with TTF‐1 expression. PAX9 expression was an independent prognostic factor for decreased overall survival (P = 0.022).ConclusionsOur results revealed that PAX9 expression defines an aggressive subset of LADs preferentially occurring in smokers that may arise from bronchial or bronchiolar cells.
DIGITAL DOPING FOR HISTORIANS: CAN HISTORY, MEMORY, AND HISTORICAL THEORY BE RENDERED ARTIFICIALLY INTELLIGENT?
Authors: KANSTEINER WULF 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence is making history, literally. Machine learning tools are playing a key role in crafting images and stories about the past in popular culture. AI has probably also already invaded the history classroom. Large language models such as GPT‐3 are able to generate compelling, non‐plagiarized texts in response to simple natural language inputs, thus providing students with an opportunity to produce high‐quality written assignments with minimum effort. In a similar vein, tools like GPT‐3 are likely to revolutionize historical studies, enabling historians and other professionals who deal in texts to rely on AI‐generated intermediate work products, such as accurate translations, summaries, and chronologies. But present‐day large language models fail at key tasks that historians hold in high regard. They are structurally incapable of telling the truth and tracking pieces of information through layers of texts. What's more, they lack ethical self‐reflexivity. Therefore, for the time being, the writing of academic history will require human agency. But for historical theorists, large language models might offer an opportunity to test basic hypotheses about the nature of historical writing. Historical theorists can, for instance, have customized large language models write a series of descriptive, narrative, and assertive histories about the same events, thereby enabling them to explore the precise relation between description, narration, and argumentation in historical writing. In short, with specifically designed large language models, historical theorists can run the kinds of large‐scale writing experiments that they could never put into practice with real historians.
Ultralow‐k hollow glass microsphere filled perfluoroalkoxy composites
Authors: Zeng Ling Wei , Bian J.J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPerfluoroalkoxy (PFA) composites filled with different volume fractions of hollow glass microsphere (HGM) and HGM/PFA–HGM/HBO3–HGM/PFA sandwich layered composites were prepared by simple dry mixing and hot‐pressing process. The dielectric frequency and temperature response characteristics, thermal expansion coefficient, and mechanical strength were investigated as a function of the loading fraction of HGM fillers. The obtained .6VfHGM/.4VfPFA composite demonstrates ultralow‐k (εr ∼ 1,63@1 MHz; 1.57@10 GHz) with low‐dielectric loss (∼7.2 × 10−4@1 MHz; ∼1.73 × 10−3@10 GHz), water absorption of ∼1.21%, in‐plane thermal expansion coefficient of 42 ppm/°C, and temperature coefficient of dielectric permittivity (τεr) of ∼−92 ppm/°C. The temperature stabilities of dimension and dielectric permittivity for the .6VfHGB/.4VfPFA composite could be substantially improved by forming .6VfHGM/.4VfPFA–.6VfHGM/.4VfHBO3–.6VfHGM/.4VfPFA sandwich–layered composite, which still maintained reasonable dielectric properties and mechanical rigidity with flexural strength of ∼8.1 MPa.
Effects of argon dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma treatment on mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of chitosan film
Authors: Kongboonkird Marisa , Chuesiang Piyanan , Ryu Victor , Siripatrawan Ubonrat 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis research studied the effects of argon dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on properties of chitosan film to be used as active food packaging. The effects of plasma treatment time (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s) on tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), colour, water vapour permeability (WVP), oxygen transmission rate (OTR), contact angle and antimicrobial activity of films were investigated. Depending on the plasma treatment time, the TS values of plasma‐treated film increased, but there were no significant differences between the EAB of control and treated films. The formation of the oxygen‐containing groups and the occurrence of etching affected the WVP, contact angle, roughness and antimicrobial activity of plasma‐treated film. Chitosan film treated with 60 s of DBD plasma had good OTR (<0.05 cc m−2 day−1), hydrophilicity and antimicrobial activity against various kinds of bacteria. However, it may need longer than 60 s of the treatment time to increase the WVP of the films. Overall, these results implied that plasma treatment can be used as an alternative non‐thermal approach for improving the characteristics of film packaging.
Diagnostic challenges for dementia in Australia: are blood‐based biomarkers the solution?
Authors: Loveland Paula M. , Watson Rosie , Yassi Nawaf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe burden of dementia will increase as the Australian population ages and grows in coming decades. Early and accurate diagnosis remains challenging, and disproportionately so for particular groups, including rural communities. Recent advances in technology, however, now allow reliable measurement of blood biomarkers that could improve diagnosis in a range of settings. We discuss the most promising biomarker candidates for translation into clinical practice and research in the near future.
Neutrophil interactions with T cells, platelets, endothelial cells, and of course tumor cells
Authors: Segal Brahm H. , Giridharan Thejaswini , Suzuki Sora , Khan ANM Nazmul H. , Zsiros Emese , Emmons Tiffany R. , Yaffe Michael B. , Gankema Angela A. F. , Hoogeboom Mark , Goetschalckx Ines , Matlung Hanke L. , Kuijpers Taco W. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryNeutrophils sense microbes and host inflammatory mediators, and traffic to sites of infection where they direct a broad armamentarium of antimicrobial products against pathogens. Neutrophils are also activated by damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are products of cellular injury that stimulate the innate immune system through pathways that are similar to those activated by microbes. Neutrophils and platelets become activated by injury, and cluster and cross‐signal to each other with the cumulative effect of driving antimicrobial defense and hemostasis. In addition, neutrophil extracellular traps are extracellular chromatin and granular constituents that are generated in response to microbial and damage motifs and are pro‐thrombotic and injurious. Although neutrophils can worsen tissue injury, neutrophils may also have a role in facilitating wound repair following injury. A central theme of this review relates to how critical functions of neutrophils that evolved to respond to infection and damage modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) in ways that can promote or limit tumor progression. Neutrophils are reprogrammed by the TME, and, in turn, can cross‐signal to tumor cells and reshape the immune landscape of tumors. Importantly, promising new therapeutic strategies have been developed to target neutrophil recruitment and function to make cancer immunotherapy more effective.
Preferred outcome measures in treatments for challenging behaviour in individuals with intellectual disabilities: Results of an inclusive Delphi method
Authors: de Kuijper Gerda M. , Den Besten‐van Ravenswaaij Janneke J. C. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , de Bildt Annelies 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterventions for challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities benefit from outcome monitoring that takes clients' preferences into account. We determined clients' and representatives' preferred outcome domains and measures to secure their involvement in treatment decisions for challenging behaviours.MethodWe used an inclusive Delphi method. A focus group of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and representatives of those with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities prepared the first round by assisting us in collecting possible outcomes. Panels of individuals with intellectual disabilities and representatives were composed to achieve consensus on instruments for preferred outcome domains.ResultsPreferred outcome domains were behaviour, side‐effects of psychotropic drugs, quality of life, daily functioning, caregiver burden and family quality of life. Corresponding outcome measures included self‐report, interview and proxy‐scales, including spoken versions.ConclusionIncluding the preferred domains on outcomes of interventions for challenging behaviours is recommended. Research on corresponding outcome measures is necessary.
Use of coaching and technology to improve blood pressure control in Black women with hypertension: Pilot randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Abel Willie M. , Efird Jimmy T. , Crane Patricia B. , Ferdinand Keith C. , Foy Capri G. , DeHaven Mark J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHypertension is the main cause of cardiovascular disease, especially in women. Black women (58%) are affected by higher rates of hypertension than other racial/ethnic groups contributing to increased cardio‐metabolic disorders. To decrease blood pressure (BP) in this population, a pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of Interactive Technology Enhanced Coaching (ITEC) versus Interactive Technology (IT) alone in achieving BP control, adherence to antihypertensive medication, and adherence to lifestyle modifications among Black women diagnosed with and receiving medication for their hypertension. Participants completed a 6‐week Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program (CDSMP), and 83 participants were randomly assigned to ITEC versus IT. Participants were trained to use three wireless tools and five apps that were synchronized to smartphones to monitor BP, weight, physical activity (steps), diet (caloric and sodium intake), and medication adherence. Fitbit Plus, a cloud‐based collaborative care platform was used to collect, track, and store data. Using a mixed‐effects repeated measures model, the main effect of group means indicated no significant difference between the treatment and referent groups on study variables. The main effect of time indicated significant differences between repeated measures for systolic BP (p < .0001), weight (p < .0001), and steps (p = .018). An interaction effect revealed differences over time and was significant for study measures except diastolic BP. An important goal of this preliminary analysis is to help Black women prioritize self‐care management in their everyday environment. Future research is warranted in a geographically broader population of hypertensive Black women.
Genetic sex determination, sex chromosome size and sex‐specific lifespans across tetrapods
Authors: Sultanova Zahida , Downing Philip A. , Carazo Pau 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSex differences in lifespan are ubiquitous across the tree of life and exhibit broad taxonomic patterns that remain a puzzle, such as males living longer than females in birds and vice versa in mammals. The prevailing unguarded X hypothesis explains sex differences in lifespan by differential expression of recessive mutations on the X or Z chromosome of the heterogametic sex, but has only received indirect support to date. An alternative hypothesis is that the accumulation of deleterious mutations and repetitive elements on the Y or W chromosome might lower the survival of the heterogametic sex (‘toxic Y’ hypothesis). Here, we use a new database to report lower survival of the heterogametic relative to the homogametic sex across 136 species of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians, as expected if sex chromosomes shape sex‐specific lifespans, and consistent with previous findings. We also found that the relative sizes of both the X and the Y chromosomes in mammals (but not the Z or the W chromosomes in birds) are associated with sex differences in lifespan, as predicted by the unguarded X and the ‘toxic Y’. Furthermore, we report that the relative size of the Y is negatively associated with male lifespan in mammals, so that small Y size correlates with increased male lifespan. In theory, toxic Y effects are expected to be particularly strong in mammals, and we did not find similar effects in birds. Our results confirm the role of sex chromosomes in explaining sex differences in lifespan across tetrapods and further suggest that, at least in mammals, ‘toxic Y’ effects may play an important part in this role.
Investigation of the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the functional properties of pea protein isolate
Authors: Kalayci Asuhan , Ozel Baris , Oztop Mecit Halil , Alpas Hami 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on some functional properties of pea protein isolate (PPI). HHP was combined with various temperature and pH conditions to investigate the combined effects of HHP‐based food processing conditions on the functional properties of PPI. Herein, PPI solutions prepared at different pH conditions (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0) were subjected to 300, 400, and 500 MPa HHP treatment at 25 and 50°C for 5 min. Water‐holding capacity (WHC), solubility, and emulsification activity of PPI samples were determined. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments were performed for further analysis. Maximum WHC (p < 0.05) was observed for the samples treated at 500 MPa‐pH 5.0‐50°C whereas maximum solubility (p < 0.05) belonged to the samples subjected to 300 MPa‐pH 7.0‐50°C treatment conditions. Better emulsification activity was achieved at pH 3.0 regardless of the pressure level applied. The novelty of this study is that NMR relaxometry was introduced as a fast/nondestructive technique to investigate the changes in the functional properties of PPI samples and one of the functional parameters was correlated with NMR relaxation data. Herewith, the longest transverse relaxation time (T2) (p < 0.05) belonged to the samples with maximum WHC. The results showed that HHP is able to modify the functional properties of PPI at specific temperature‐pH combinations, and NMR relaxometry technique has a high potential for such studies.Practical ApplicationsHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is an emerging technology which is used for its diverse range of applications in food science and technology. Modification of physicochemical and functional properties of food ingredients is one of the latest applications of HHP treatment. This study demonstrated that HHP treatment was able to modify some functional properties of pea protein isolate (PPI) samples such as water‐holding capacity (WHC), solubility, and emulsification activity. In addition to pressure level, pH and temperature were also effective on modifying the functional properties of PPI samples. For instance, a high pressure (500 MPa) was required to improve WHC whereas lower pressures (300 MPa) improved the solubility of the samples at high pH and temperature. The results of this study could be used in model HHP studies to improve some functional properties of PPI for different purposes.
High glucose levels contribute to vascular fibrosis via the activation of the endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in periodontitis
Authors: Li Yuyang , Zhao Yue , Song Lutong , Xiong Liping , Li Wen , Wu Wenlei , Miao Leiying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the changes of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) growth and metabolism and identify whether the vascular epithelium change could be induced in diabetic periodontitis.BackgroundMaintaining favourable vascular function is a precondition for periodontal regeneration. In diabetic periodontitis, high glucose levels could enhance the metabolism of pathogens, and a complex condition involving inflammation and high glucose levels would disrupt homeostasis of the epithelium and promote fibrosis by endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT).MethodsPorphyromonas gingivalis was cultured with glucose to judge its metabolic activity. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with P. gingivalis‐lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 μg/ml) and/or high glucose concentrations (25 mM), and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β inhibitor was used to block EndMT. Inflammation level was assessed by flow cytometry. Multiple biological functions including EndMT, angiopoiesis, and cell migration were analysed. Additionally, gene expressions and protein levels were determined with qPCR and western blot, respectively. Finally, blood vessels were cultured ex vivo, and EndMT and fibrosis markers were detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsGlucose could promote P. gingivalis growth and biofilm formation as well as the expression of virulence factor genes including FimA, RgpA, RgpB, and Kgp. P. gingivalis‐LPS and glucose could increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote fibrosis via EndMT in HUVECs, along with attenuating angiopoiesis and cell migration, which could be resumed by blocking EndMT with TGF‐β inhibitor. Vascular fibrosis was observed after the addition of glucose via EndMT regulation.ConclusionGlucose augmented the growth and metabolism of P. gingivalis and promoted fibrosis by the activation of EndMT, as well as the inhibition of angiopoiesis and cell migration.
Evaluation of treatment access and scope of a multistate hepatitis C virus Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes telehealth service in the US Indian Health System, 2017‐2021
Authors: Wirth Ashley N. , Cushman Nicholas A. , Reilley Brigg A. , Leston Jessica D. , Mera Jorge R. , Levander Ximena A. , Stephens David J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeAmerican Indians/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons are disproportionately affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board Indian Country Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) telehealth clinic supports primary care providers (PCPs) in treating HCV. We evaluated the extent to which Indian Country ECHO increases access to HCV treatment and holistically serves AI/AN patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of Indian Country ECHO treatment recommendations from 2017 to 2021. Recommendations were classified into the following categories: HCV treatment with direct‐acting antiviral medication, prevention, substance use disorder treatment, lab or imaging orders, pharmacological considerations, behavior changes, other, and referral. Subanalysis of treatment recommendations was completed for patients with cirrhosis.FindingsOf the 776 patients from 77 Indian Health System facilities who presented at Indian Country ECHO, 718 (93%) received treatment recommendations. Most patients (93%) received recommendations for HCV treatment by their PCP; only 3% received a recommendation for referral to a hepatologist or liver transplant center for additional care. Most patients received at least 1 recommendation beyond the scope of HCV treatment provision. Cirrhosis criteria were met by 8% of patients, of which 80% received recommendations for HCV treatment by their PCP and 25% received recommendations for referral to a specialist for additional care.ConclusionsMost patients presented at the Indian Country ECHO received recommendations for HCV treatment by their PCP, along with recommendations beyond the scope of HCV. Indian Country ECHO telehealth clinic provides comprehensive recommendations to effectively integrate evidence‐based HCV treatment with holistic care at the primary care level.