bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonenhanced Photon Counting CT of the Head
Authors: Michael Arwed Elias , Schoenbeck Denise , Woeltjen Matthias Michael , Boriesosdick Jan , Kroeger Jan Robert , Moenninghoff Christoph , Horstmeier Sebastian , Niehoff Julius Henning , Kabbasch Christoph , Goertz Lukas , Borggrefe Jan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) of the head is among the most commonly performed CT examinations. The spectral information acquired by photon counting CT (PCCT) allows generation of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI). At the same time, image noise can be reduced using quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR). In this study, the image quality of VMI was evaluated depending on the keV level and the QIR level. Furthermore, the influence of the cranial calvaria was investigated to determine the optimal reconstruction for clinical application.

Methods
A total of 51 PCCT (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) of the head were retrospectively analyzed. In a quantitative analysis, gray and white matter ROIs were evaluated in different brain areas at all available keV levels and QIR levels with respect to signal, noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The distance to the cranial calvaria of the ROIs was included in the analysis. This was followed by a qualitative reading by five radiologists including experienced neuroradiologists.

Results
In most ROIs, signal and noise varied significantly between keV levels (p < 0.0001). The CNR had a focal maximum at 66 keV and an absolute maximum at higher keV, slightly differently located depending on ROI and QIR level. With increasing QIR level, a significant reduction in noise was achieved (p < 0.0001) except just beneath the cranial calvaria. The cranial calvaria had a strong effect on the signal (p < 0.0001) but not on gray and white matter noise. In the qualitative reading, the 60 keV VMI was rated best.

Conclusion
In nonenhanced PCCT of the head the selected keV level of the VMI and the QIR level have a crucial influence on image quality in VMI. The 60 keV and 66 keV VMI with high QIR level provided optimal subjective and objective image quality for clinical use. The cranial calvaria has a significant influence on the visualization of the adjacent brain matter; currently, this substantially limits the use of low keV VMIs (< 60 keV).
Issue analysis: key characteristics approach for identifying endocrine disruptors
Authors: Borgert Christopher J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor more than a decade, weight of evidence (WoE) evaluations have been the standard method for determining whether a chemical meets the definition of an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). WoE methods consider all data pertinent to satisfying the EDC definition and evaluating those data with respect to relevance, reliability, strength, and coherence with established endocrine physiology and pharmacology. A new approach for identifying EDC hazards has been proposed that organizes and evaluates data according to ten so-called “Key Characteristics (KCs) of EDCs”. The approach claims to address the lack of a widely accepted, systematic approach for identifying EDC hazards, but completely ignores the WoE literature for EDCs. In contrast to WoE methods, the KC approach fails to apply the consensus definition of EDC and is not amenable to empirical testing or validation, is fungible and ensures inconsistent and unreliable results, ignores principles of hormone action and characteristics of dose–response in endocrine pharmacology and toxicology, lacks a means of distinguishing endocrine-mediated from non-endocrine mediated mechanisms, lacks a means to reach a negative conclusion about a chemical’s EDC properties or to distinguish EDCs from non-EDCs, and provides no means for developing a valid consensus among experts nor provides a means of resolving conflicting interpretations of data. Instead of shortcuts like the KC approach, which are prone to bias, error, and arbitrary conclusions, identifying EDCs should rely on WoE evaluations that supply the critical components and scientific rigor lacking in the proposed KCs for EDCs.
Gradient Higher Integrability for Degenerate Parabolic Double-Phase Systems
Authors: Kim Wontae , Kinnunen Juha , Moring Kristian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove a local higher integrability result for the gradient of a weak solution to degenerate parabolic double-phase systems of p-Laplace type. This result comes with reverse Hölder type estimates. The proof is based on a careful phase analysis, estimates in the intrinsic geometries and stopping time arguments.
The Parameterized Complexity of s-Club with Triangle and Seed Constraints
Authors: Garvardt Jaroslav , Komusiewicz Christian , Sommer Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe s-Club problem asks whether a given undirected graph G contains a vertex set S of size at least k such that G[S], the subgraph of G induced by S, has diameter at most s. We consider variants of s-Club where one additionally demands that each vertex of G[S] is contained in at least $$\ell $$
ℓ
triangles in G[S], that each edge of G[S] is contained in at least $$\ell $$
ℓ
triangles in G[S], or that S contains a given set W of seed vertices. We show that in general these variants are W[1]-hard when parameterized by the solution size k, making them significantly harder than the unconstrained s-Club problem. On the positive side, we obtain some FPT algorithms for the case when $$\ell =1$$

ℓ
=
1

and for the case when G[W], the graph induced by the set of seed vertices, is a clique.
Towards reproducible radiomics research: introduction of a database for radiomics studies
Authors: Akinci D’Antonoli Tugba , Cuocolo Renato , Baessler Bettina , Pinto dos Santos Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the model-, code-, and data-sharing practices in the current radiomics research landscape and to introduce a radiomics research database.

Methods
A total of 1254 articles published between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, in leading radiology journals (European Radiology, European Journal of Radiology, Radiology, Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging, Radiology: Imaging Cancer) were retrospectively screened, and 257 original research articles were included in this study. The categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact tests or chi-square test and numerical variables using Student’s t test with relation to the year of publication.

Results
Half of the articles (128 of 257) shared the model by either including the final model formula or reporting the coefficients of selected radiomics features. A total of 73 (28%) models were validated on an external independent dataset. Only 16 (6%) articles shared the data or used publicly available open datasets. Similarly, only 20 (7%) of the articles shared the code. A total of 7 (3%) articles both shared code and data. All collected data in this study is presented in a radiomics research database (RadBase) and could be accessed at https://github.com/EuSoMII/RadBase.

Conclusion
According to the results of this study, the majority of published radiomics models were not technically reproducible since they shared neither model nor code and data. There is still room for improvement in carrying out reproducible and open research in the field of radiomics.

Clinical relevance statement
To date, the reproducibility of radiomics research and open science practices within the radiomics research community are still very low. Ensuring reproducible radiomics research with model-, code-, and data-sharing practices will facilitate faster clinical translation.

Key Points
• There is a discrepancy between the number of published radiomics papers and the clinical implementation of these published radiomics models.
• The main obstacle to clinical implementation is the lack of model-, code-, and data-sharing practices.
• In order to translate radiomics research into clinical practice, the radiomics research community should adopt open science practices.
Hysteroscopy in the new media: quality and reliability analysis of hysteroscopy procedures on YouTube™
Authors: Libretti Alessandro , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Saponara Stefania , Corsini Christian , Aquino Carmen Imma , Savasta Federica , Tizzoni Eleonora , Troìa Libera , Surico Daniela , Angioni Stefano , Remorgida Valentino 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Hysteroscopy plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing various intrauterine pathologies. However, its execution can be influenced by patients’ perception and understanding, which are often shaped by digital resources such as YouTubeTM. Given its popularity and accessibility, YouTubeTM has the potential to greatly influence patients’ knowledge and expectations about this procedure, highlighting the need for accurate and reliable information.

Purpose
This study aims to assess the reliability and quality of hysteroscopy information available to patients on YouTubeTM. Understanding the nature of information patients’ access can help address their fears and potential misunderstandings about the procedure, consequently reducing the likelihood of suspension or postponement due to anxiety.

Methods
A comprehensive analysis of YouTubeTM was conducted, simulating the search process of a patient seeking information about hysteroscopy. The study evaluated the reliability and quality of 90 out of the first 100 hysteroscopy-related videos on YouTubeTM, scored by four gynecologists—two experienced hysteroscopists and two trainees. The videos were assessed for reliability and quality using the mDISCERN and Global Quality Scale (GQS) scores.

Results
The average mDISCERN and GQS scores for the evaluated videos were below the optimal three points, highlighting the lack of fluency, comprehensiveness, and reliability of the available information. Notably, while videos produced by experts, including doctors and professional channels, had higher scores, they still fell short of the minimum score of 3. These videos also were not considered more suitable for either patients or trainees. Videos that were assessed as reliable (mDISCERN ≥ 3) were observed to be longer and were more frequently produced by doctors. These videos were suggested more to trainees rather than patients. Similarly, videos deemed as fluent and comprehensive (GQS ≥ 3) were longer and were more often recommended to patients.

Conclusions
While YouTubeTM is a widely used source of medical information, the quality and reliability of hysteroscopy videos on the platform are poor. The strategic use of selected, high-quality hysteroscopy videos can enhance procedure success and alleviate patient fears. However, the unsupervised discovery of information by patients could potentially lead to procedure failure or an elevated level of stress due to misleading or incorrect information.
Thoracic skeletal muscle index is effective for CT-defined sarcopenia evaluation in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Vangelov Belinda , Smee Robert , Moses Daniel , Bauer Judith 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia, as a measurement of low skeletal muscle (SM), is a poor prognostic indicator in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), independent of weight or nutritional status. We used SM measures at the second thoracic vertebra (T2) to determine T2-SM index (SMI) thresholds for sarcopenia, and investigate the impact of low T2-SMI on overall survival (OS), and weight loss during radiotherapy (RT).

Methods
Adult patients with newly diagnosed HNC with a diagnostic PET–CT or RT planning CT scan were included. SM was analysed at T2 and a model applied to predict SM at L3. T2-SMI thresholds for sarcopenia were established with predicted measures, stratified by BMI and sex. Impact of sarcopenia and low T2-SMI on OS and weight loss during RT was investigated.

Results
A total of 361 scans were analysed (84% males, 54% oropharynx tumours). Sarcopenia was found in 49%, demonstrating worse OS (p = 0.037). T2-SMI cutoff values were: females—74 cm2/m2 [area under the curve (AUC): 0.89 (95%CI 0.80–0.98)], males (BMI < 25)—63 cm2/m2 [AUC 0.93 (95%CI 0.89–0.96)], males (BMI ≥ 25)—88cm2/m2 [AUC 0.86 (95%CI 0.78–0.93)]. No difference in OS with T2-SMI categories. Lowest T2-SMI quartile of < 63 cm2/m2 demonstrated worse OS (p = 0.017). Weight loss during RT was higher in patients; who were not sarcopenic (6.2% vs 4.9%, p = 0.023); with higher T2-SMI (6.3% vs 4.9%, p = 0.014) and; in the highest quartiles (3.6% vs 5.7% vs 7.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
These T2-SMI thresholds are effective in assessing CT-defined sarcopenia in HNC. Further assessment of clinical application is warranted.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive versus open pancreatic resections
Authors: Lee Suhyun , Varghese Chris , Fung Matthew , Patel Bijendra , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Dasari Bobby V. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The systematic review is aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and open distal pancreatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Method
The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and clinical trial registries were systematically searched using the PRISMA framework. Studies of adults aged ≥ 18 year comparing laparoscopic and/or robotic versus open DP and/or PD that reported cost of operation or index admission, and cost-effectiveness outcomes were included. The risk of bias of non-randomised studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, while the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool was used for randomised studies. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for continuous variables.

Results
Twenty-two studies (152,651 patients) were included in the systematic review and 15 studies in the meta-analysis (3 RCTs; 3 case-controlled; 9 retrospective studies). Of these, 1845 patients underwent MIS (1686 laparoscopic and 159 robotic) and 150,806 patients open surgery. The cost of surgical procedure (SMD 0.89; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.43; I2 = 91%; P = 0.001), equipment (SMD 3.73; 95% CI 1.55 to 5.91; I2 = 98%; P = 0.0008), and operating room occupation (SMD 1.17, 95% CI 0.11 to 2.24; I2 = 95%; P = 0.03) was higher with MIS. However, overall index hospitalisation costs trended lower with MIS (SMD − 0.13; 95% CI − 0.35 to 0.06; I2 = 80%; P = 0.17). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies.

Conclusion
Minimally invasive major pancreatic surgery entailed higher intraoperative but similar overall index hospitalisation costs.
Glial cell-derived soluble factors increase the metastatic potential of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: García-Reyes Balbina , Kuzmanov Ivan , Schneider Reiner , Schneiker Bianca , Efferz Patrik , Kalff Jörg C. , Wehner Sven 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, characterized by the spreading of highly metastatic cancer cells, including invasion into surrounding nerves and perineural spaces. Nerves, in turn, can invade the tumor tissue and, through the secretion of neurotrophic factors, chemokines, and cytokines, contribute to PDAC progression. However, the contribution of the nerve-associated glial cells to PDAC progression is not well characterized.

Methods
Two murine PDAC cell lines were cultured with the conditioned media (CM) of primary enteric glial cells or IMS32 Schwann cells (SCs). Different properties of PDAC cells, such as invasiveness, migratory capacity, and resistance to gemcitabine, were measured by RT-qPCR, microscopy, and MTT assays. Using a neuronal cell line, the observed effects were confirmed to be specific to the glial lineage.

Results
Compared to the control medium, PDAC cells in the glial cell-conditioned medium showed increased invasiveness and migratory capacity. These cells showed reduced E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin and Vimentin levels, all markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Primary enteric glial cell CM inhibited the proliferation of PDAC cells but preserved their viability, upregulated transcription factor Snail, and increased their resistance to gemcitabine. The conditioned medium generated from the IMS32 SCs produced comparable results.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that glial cells can increase the metastatic potential of PDAC cells by increasing their migratory capacity and inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a re-programming that many solid tumors use to undergo metastasis. Glial cell-conditioned medium also increased the chemoresistance of PDAC cells. These findings may have implications for future therapeutic strategies, such as targeting glial cell-derived factor signaling in PDAC.
Universal thermal climate index in the Arctic in an era of climate change: Alaska and Chukotka as a case study
Authors: Grigorieva E.A. , Alexeev V.A. , Walsh J.E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe modern unambiguous climate change reveals in a rapid increase of air temperature, which is more distinctly expressed in the Arctic than in any other part of the world, affecting people health and well-being. The main objective of the current research is to explore the inter- and intra-annual changes in thermal stress for people in the Arctic, specifically for two parts of Beringia: Alaska, USA, and Chukotka, Russia, using climatology of the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). Data for 39 locations are taken from the ERA5-HEAT reanalysis for the period 1979–2020. Climatologically, the study area is divided into four subregions in Alaska: North, Interior, West and South, and two in Chukotka: Interior and Coast. The extreme coldest UTCI categories (1 and 2) are most common in coastal locations of northern Alaska and Chukotka, where strong winds exacerbate the low temperatures during winter. The results show that the frequency of category 1 (UTCI<−40°C) varies spatially from a quarter of all hours annually in Alaska North to almost zero in Alaska South. On the other hand, the warmest categories are rarely reached almost everywhere in Alaska and Chukotka, and even categories 7 and 8 (UTCI between +26 and +38°C) are found occasionally only at interior locations. Category 6 with no thermal stress (UTCI between +9 and+26°C) has frequencies up to 3% and 25% in Alaska North and Interior, respectively. The extremely cold thermal stress frequencies have substantially decreased over the 1979–2020 period, especially in Alaska North and Chukotka Coast. At the same time, the number of hours with UTCI in the comfortable category of thermal perception has increased depending on subregion, from 25 to 203 h/year. Overall, a decrease in the UTCI categories of extremely cold stress is coupled with an increase in the comfortable range in both Alaska and Chukotka. The salient conclusion is that, from the point of view of comfort and safety, global warming has a positive impact on the climatology of thermal stress in the Arctic, providing advantages for the development of tourism and recreation.
PPARδ dysregulation of CCL20/CCR6 axis promotes gastric adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis by remodeling gastric tumor microenvironment
Authors: Liu Yi , Wei Daoyan , Deguchi Yasunori , Xu Weiguo , Tian Rui , Liu Fuyao , Xu Min , Mao Fei , Li Donghui , Chen Weidong , Valentin Lovie Ann , Deguchi Eriko , Yao James C. , Shureiqi Imad , Zuo Xiangsheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) promotes inflammation and carcinogenesis in many organs, but the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. In stomachs, PPARδ significantly increases chemokine Ccl20 expression in gastric epithelial cells while inducing gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). CCR6 is the sole receptor of CCL20. Here, we examine the role of PPARδ–mediated Ccl20/Ccr6 signaling in GAC carcinogenesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
The effects of PPARδ inhibition by its specific antagonist GSK3787 on GAC were examined in the mice with villin-promoter–driven PPARδ overexpression (PpardTG). RNAscope Duplex Assays were used to measure Ccl20 and Ccr6 levels in stomachs and spleens. Subsets of stomach-infiltrating immune cells were measured via flow cytometry or immunostaining in PpardTG mice fed GSK3787 or control diet. A panel of 13 optimized proinflammatory chemokines in mouse sera were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
GSK3787 significantly suppressed GAC carcinogenesis in PpardTG mice. PPARδ increased Ccl20 level to chemoattract Ccr6+ immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells, but decreased CD8+ T cells in gastric tissues. GSK3787 suppressed PPARδ–induced gastric immunosuppression by inhibiting Ccl20/Ccr6 axis. Furthermore, Ccl20 protein levels increased in sera of PpardTG mice starting at the age preceding gastric tumor development and further increased with GAC progression as the mice aged. GSK3787 decreased the PPARδ-upregulated Ccl20 levels in sera of the mice.

Conclusions
PPARδ dysregulation of Ccl20/Ccr6 axis promotes GAC carcinogenesis by remodeling gastric tumor microenvironment. CCL20 might be a potential biomarker for the early detection and progression of GAC.
Identification and characterization of TMV-induced volatile signals in Nicotiana benthamiana: evidence for JA/ET defense pathway priming in congeneric neighbors via airborne (E)-2-octenal
Authors: Hong Yi , Zheng Qingxia , Cheng Lingtong , Liu Pingping , Xu Guoyun , Zhang Hui , Cao Peijian , Zhou Huina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlants release a mixture of volatile compounds when subjects to environmental stress, allowing them to transmit information to neighboring plants. Here, we find that Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) induces defense responses in neighboring congeners. Analytical screening of volatiles from N. benthamiana at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) using an optimized SPME–GC–MS method showed that TMV triggers the release of several volatiles, such as (E)-2-octenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and geranylacetone. Exposure to (E)-2-octenal enhances the resistance of N. benthamiana plants to TMV and triggers the immune system with upregulation of pathogenesis-related genes, such as NbPR1a, NbPR1b, NbPR2, and NbNPR1, which are related to TMV resistance. Furthermore, (E)-2-octenal upregulates jasmonic acid (JA) that levels up to 400-fold in recipient N. benthamiana plants and significantly affects the expression pattern of key genes in the JA/ET signaling pathway, such as NbMYC2, NbERF1, and NbPDF1.2, while the salicylic acid (SA) level is not significantly affected. Our results show for the first time that the volatile (E)-2-octenal primes the JA/ET pathway and then activates immune responses, ultimately leading to enhanced TMV resistance in adjacent N. benthamiana plants. These findings provide new insights into the role of airborne compounds in virus-induced interplant interactions.