bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educación 4.0 en estudiantes universitarios peruanos en situación postpandemia
Authors: Rey-Sánchez Sandra Patricia , Vergara-Calderón Rodolfo Santiago , Rodriguez-Barboza Jhonny Richard , Pablo-Huamani Rebeca 
Published: March 2023

Introducción: En el contexto actual y social en que vivimos, surge la necesidad de utilizar nuevas estrategias tecnológicas que permitan continuar con la formación de los diferentes actores educativos así ir cerrando las brechas digitales que existen en el desarrollo de capacidades de los servicios educativos en las instituciones. Método: El presente trabajo de investigación es del tipo descriptivo, se usó un diseño No-Experimental; Descriptivo transeccional pues los datos se han obtenido en un solo momento. Se hizo uso de dos cuestionarios aplicados a una muestra censal de 32 alumnos del Centro de Idiomas de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudiantes del Centro de Idiomas de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia consideran aceptable el uso de las tecnologías como el método usado para el dictado de clases en el CDI de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, en cuanto al interés de aprender nuevas tecnologías tanto aplicando el autoestudio como participando en talleres o foros, se refleja un alto % de estudiantes están interesados, mientras que un % minoritario de alumnos no lo está. Conclusiones: La aplicación de la educación 4.0 mejora el rendimiento académico e incentiva el pensamiento crítico del estudiante y el trabajo colaborativo; no solo por lograr obtener información relevante en corto tiempo con la ayuda de la nube; sino también, porque las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas despertaron el interés del estudiante.
Criminal prosecution of commercial legal entities under Vietnamese law
Authors: Федоров А.В. 
Published: March 2023

Статья посвящена вопросам уголовной ответственности коммерческих юридических лиц в Социалистической Республике Вьетнам (СРВ), установленной Уголовным кодексом СРВ 2015 г., вступившим в силу 1 января 2018 г. Рассматриваются предусмотренные УК СРВ уголовные наказания (штраф, временное прекращение деятельности, частичное бессрочное прекращение деятельности, полное бессрочное прекращение деятельности, запрет на деятельность в определенных областях, запрет на привлечение капитала) и судебные меры (конфискация денежных средств и предметов, связанных с преступлением; возврат, ремонт имущества или предоставление компенсации; принесение публичных извинений; восстановление первоначального состояния; иные меры по смягчению и предотвращение последствий преступления), применяемые к коммерческим юридическим лицам. Приводятся положения уголовного законодательства о назначении уголовного наказания коммерческим юридическим лицам, учете смягчающих и отягчающих ответственность обстоятельств, сроках давности. Анализируется уголовно-процессуальный порядок привлечения к ответственности коммерческих юридических лиц; рассматриваются меры уголовно-процессуального принуждения, применяемые к коммерческому юридическому лицу, а также вопросы преемства ответственности коммерческих юридических лиц и исполнения судебных решений об их наказании. Обозначаются перспективы развития вьетнамского законодательства об уголовной ответственности юридических лиц.
The article is devoted to the criminal liability of commercial legal entities in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), established by the Criminal Code of SRV 2015, which entered into force on January 1, 2018. The criminal penalties (fine, temporary cessation of activities, partial indefinite cessation of activities, total indefinite cessation of activities, prohibition of activities in certain areas, prohibition to raise capital) and judicial measures (confiscation of money and objects related to the crime; return, repair of property or compensation; public apology; restoration of original condition; other measures to mitigate and prevent the consequences of a crime) applicable to commercial legal entities. Criminal law provisions on the imposition of criminal penalties on commercial legal entities, consideration of mitigating and aggravating circumstances, and limitation periods are given. The criminal procedure for bringing commercial legal entities to responsibility is analyzed; measures of criminal procedure to be applied to commercial legal entities are examined as well as issues of succession of responsibility of commercial legal entities and execution of court decisions on their punishment. Prospects for the development of Vietnamese legislation on the criminal liability of legal entities are outlined.
Collector: guilty or victim. Issues of law enforcement practice
Authors: Иванов А.Л. , Савин П.Т. 
Published: March 2023

Преступления, связанные с вопросами коллекционирования, обладают своеобразной спецификой, которая предполагает наличие определенных познаний как у лиц, совершающих преступления, так и у потерпевших, своеобразной мотивации. Избранная проблематика представляет закономерный научный интерес, так как подобный предмет исследования крайне редко находит свое освещение в научных публикациях. В то же время возникает вопрос не только о разновидностях преступлений, совершаемых в сфере коллекционирования, но и об их причинах. Для выявления особенностей преступлений, совершаемых в этой сфере, в статье рассматривается соответствующая правоприменительная практика, анализируются реальные обстоятельства уголовных дел. Закономерным результатом осуществленной авторами работы выступает определение специфических особенностей рассматриваемых преступлений. Авторы приходят к выводу, что коллекционирование может явиться причиной совершения различных преступлений, в которых коллекционер может выступить либо исполнителем, либо потерпевшим. При этом отсутствие надлежащих знаний об особенностях той или иной коллекционной деятельности тоже может послужить причиной совершения преступления, а также облегчить его совершение виновным.
Crimes related to collecting issues have a peculiar specificity, which implies the presence of certain knowledge both among the perpetrators of the crimes and among the victims, a kind of motivation. The chosen problem is of natural scientific interest, since such a subject of research rarely finds its coverage in scientific publications. At the same time, the question arises not only about the types of crimes committed in the field of collecting, but also about their causes. To identify the features of crimes committed in the field of collecting, the article considers the relevant law enforcement practice, analyzes the real circumstances of criminal cases. The logical result of the work carried out by the authors is the determination of the specific features of the crimes under consideration. The authors conclude that collecting can be the cause of committing various crimes, in which the collector can act either as a performer or as a victim. At the same time, the lack of proper knowledge about the features of a particular collection activity can also be the reason for committing a crime, as well as making it easier for the perpetrators to commit it.
Some difficulties in the investigation land pollution
Authors: Соболык В.М. 
Published: March 2023

Статья посвящена некоторым сложностям в расследовании порчи земли, особенностям взаимодействия следователя со сведущими лицами при расследовании таких преступлений, в том числе на этапе проверки сообщения о преступлении. Дана характеристика субъектам взаимодействия при расследовании порчи земли. Автор отмечает актуальность проблемы взаимодействия следователя и дознавателя со сведущими лицами при проведении следственных действий по уголовным делам о порче земли, заключающуюся в регулярно выявляемой несвоевременности включения в состав следственно-оперативной группы данных лиц, неиспользовании их специальных знаний на различных этапах расследования.
The article is devoted to some difficulties in the investigation of land pollution, to some peculiarities of interaction of the investigator with knowledgeable persons during investigation of land pollution, including at the stage of verification of a report of a crime. The characteristics of the subjects of interaction during the investigation of soil damage are given. The author notes the topicality of the problem of interaction between the investigator and knowledgeable persons during the investigation of criminal cases of damage to land, consisting in the regularly detected delay of inclusion in the investigation operational group of these individuals, the lack of use of their expertise at the various stages of the investigation.
Immediate Fixation of Acetabular Fractures Through an Anterior Approach Does Not Increase Morbidity or Mortality
Authors: Hidden Krystin A. , Shefelbine Lara , Agel Julie , Lack William D. , Firoozabadi Reza , Githens Michael F. , Kleweno Conor P. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Acetabular fractures requiring an anterior approach have historically been delayed, allowing a stable clot to form before creating large surgical exposures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether immediate fixation of acetabular fractures within 24 hours using an anterior approach demonstrates notable difference in blood loss, length of stay (LOS), complications, or mortality compared with acetabular fractures treated after 24 hours.

Methods:
Ninety-three patients were optimized for surgery within 24 hours of injury. Thirty-two patients underwent fixation within 24 hours using an anterior approach to the acetabulum. Demographics, hours from injury to operating room, fracture classification, embolization, surgical approach, intraoperative cell salvage use, Charlson Comorbidity Index, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, Injury Severity Score, and Abbreviated Chest Injury Score were recorded. Estimated blood loss, transfusions, intensive care unit stay, total hospital LOS, complications, and mortality rates were compared.

Results:
No statistically significant differences were observed in fracture classification, blood loss, or intraoperative transfusions between the immediate and delayed fixation groups. Six patients in the delayed group (9.8%) returned to the operating room for a complication compared with one patient (3.1%) in the immediate group (P = 0.42). Three patients in the delayed group (4.9%) developed a surgical site infection compared with none (0%) in the immediate group (P = 0.55). The immediate group had an average LOS of 7 days compared with 11 days in the delayed fixation group (P = 0.01). No notable differences were observed in 30- or 90-day mortality rates.

Discussion:
Medically optimized patients with acetabular fractures who undergo immediate fixation through an anterior approach do not seem to have an associated increase in blood loss, transfusions, or mortality. Prompt surgical management may also be associated with a shorter preoperative and postoperative LOS.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level III
Traffic Control Patching and Security Solution in Iot
Authors: Shahid Afridi , Hossain Md Alam , Hossain Nazmul 
Published: March 2023

After connecting multiple devices to a network and possessing data analysis and excerpting, the IoT is awaited to contribute to the formation of new customer value. Critical infrastructure that gets into people’s lives and economic deeds will also become an area, in which way the IoT is used, so security measures for IoT systems are very important. On the other hand, a dramatic increase in the number of connected devices will create technical problems such as attacks with a broader scope of influence and attacks that last longer. So, a shortage of security operations administrators will also be a problem. The internet of things refers to a way of connecting objects to the Internet for the purpose of intelligent control and management. The objects are sensed through RFID (Radio-frequency identification) or sensors achieving the integration of human society and the information system. RFID is the core technology to implement the internet of things. So the security issue of RFID is becoming more and more important, in the past decade, a large number of research papers dealing with security issues of RFID technology have appeared. This paper deals with the security of data of RFID as IoT devices and defence against malware attacks, and DDoS attacks in IoT systems.
Implementing the Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines: What’s Next?
Authors: Martinez Peter 
Published: March 2023

In June 2019, following an eight-year process, the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN COPUOS) adopted twenty-one voluntary, non-binding consensus Guidelines for the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities. These guidelines are intended to support states in developing their space capabilities in a manner that enhances the safety of space operations and avoids causing harm to the outer space environment. The guidelines are relevant to both governmental and non-governmental entities. They address all space activities, whether planned or ongoing, and apply to all phases of a space mission, from prelaunch mission design through to operation and end-of-life disposal. The guidelines will only achieve their intended purposes if they are implemented as widely as possible. Successful guideline implementation will both rely on and strengthen international cooperation in space activities. Implementation of the guidelines will also be facilitated by improved coordination and information exchange among space actors from government, the private sector and civil society. This article discusses the roles and recent contributions of each of these types of actors in promoting guideline implementation and the sustainability of space activities in general. The article concludes with some observations on the second phase of the LTS discussions in UN COPUOS and the connection between space sustainability and sustainable development on Earth.
LTS Guidelines, soft law, space sustainability, UN COPUOS
Revisiting the Delimitation of Outer Space in Light of the Long-Term Sustainability of Space Activities
Authors: Bittencourt Neto Olavo De Oliveira 
Published: March 2023

Decades of international debates have been insufficient to build consensus over a universal, multilateral delimitation of outer space. A legal frontier, still undelimited, exists between the territorial air space (under national control and jurisdiction) and outer space (where no claim of sovereignty is authorized). As technology advances, blurring the differences between aeronautics and astronautics, this question gains renewed relevance for practical purposes. The long-term sustainability (LTS) of outer space depends upon recognizing outer space as a specific and unique domain, distinguished from any other on Earth, and subject to a specific body of rules. After considering different proposals for the delimitation of outer space, as well as domestic regulation, an alternative is suggested, acknowledging different perspectives while including conciliatory features.
air law, sovereignty, space law, space sustainability, territorial principle
Barriers and Gateways to Cleaning Up Earth Orbit: The Legal, Economic, and Political Dimensions of Debris Remediation
Authors: Newman Christopher , Cheney Thomas 
Published: March 2023

The preponderance of human-made debris in Earth orbit has long been recognized as a significant threat to continued safe operations in space. National space agencies and private space companies are paying considerable attention to the technical questions surrounding the active removal of debris (ADR). Nonetheless there are still significant legal, economic, and geopolitical questions that need to be addressed before any meaningful and sustained industry around the removal of debris can be established. This discussion will focus on identifying the legal issues of responsibility, jurisdiction and liability and proposing possible solutions within the current nexus of international agreements. Yet these must be considered alongside the economic roadblocks to funding ADR; the challenges for states looking to collaborate in current geopolitical circumstances; and the often overlooked ‘data deficit’ in respect of the space surveillance and tracking (SST) capabilities needed to enable the safe removal of debris. It is contended that any system for managing ADR, Debris Mitigation and general protection of the space environment should not emerge in isolation. A coherent system of managing and coordinating the orbital environment needs to be developed. This article will argue that it is for individual nations to show political leadership and an economic commitment to properly manage the delicate extraterrestrial environment. Failure to do so will represent a missed opportunity and leave a troubling legacy for future generations.
Active Debris Removal, Astropolitics, Space Law, Dual use technology, Space Environment
Standardization in the Space Sector and Its Role in the Long-Term Sustainability of Space Activities: Regulation by Stealth or a Function Creep?
Authors: Tapio Jenni , Soucek Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Technical standards are not legal instruments, but alongside other non-legally binding instruments they play a significant role in space governance at large. They offer a detailed account on what is considered the ‘state of the art’ in technical terms, invertedly having legal implications on what may be regarded as diligent or negligent behaviour. As a consequence, technical standards can become standards for lawfulness. Standardization serves interoperability, interaction between interfacing products and services and the compatibility of technologies and systems. It equally supports the creation of new markets and can help to lessen the barrier to enter the space market. However, technical standards lack a clear legal meaning. In the rapidly evolving domain of modern spaceflight, where the ‘what and how’ still needs to be defined, they can become ‘gamechangers’ that allow ‘first-movers’ – industry and governments alike – to gain competitive or strategic advantages by setting rules of the game. If standardization is reduced to a mere technical exercise, with its results (i.e., standards) viewed as merely technical products addressing technical problems, one risks overlooking, or underestimating, the role that standards play in space governance and regulation. This article sheds light on the normative character of technical standards and the role they play in today’s space governance.
Standards, standardization, space sustainability, national space law, non-legally binding instruments, governance, implementation
Article: State Aid Through Arbitration Awards: EU Law as a Ground for Non-enforcement
Authors: Pérez-Bernabeu Begoña 
Published: March 2023

The relationship between international investment law (IIL) and EU law is not without problems as evidenced by the Achmea ruling. These tensions have become more evident in the Micula case in which the commission resorted to the state aid rules in order to attack arbitration awards arising from intra-EU Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) (deeming its enforcement as state aid). Despite its two rulings relating to the Micula saga, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has not yet validated (or not) the application of state aid rules to the enforcement of intra-EU awards. Hopefully, the upcoming general court’s judgment shall rule on the merits of the Micula case thereby dispelling doubts. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that further clarifying judgments will be required concerning the recognition and enforcement of intra-EU awards in non-EU jurisdictions. This article reviews the current situation to show that, while state aid rules could adequately prevent the enforcement of an intra-EU award within EU borders, they lack effectiveness for blocking enforcement beyond its borders.
Arbitration award, intra-EU BIT, State aid, Tax benefit repeal, Damages, Award recognition, Award enforcement, Public policy, Micula, Achmea, ICSID Convention, New York Convention.
Cultural Services in Australia and New Zealand’s Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Gagné Gilbert , Jean-Desnoyers Camille 
Published: March 2023

This article (1) summarizes the provisions relating to cultural services in the preferential trade agreements (PTAs) to which Australia and New Zealand belong, and (2) discusses the scope of these provisions, in light of the cultural policy measures involved and states’ resulting ability to pursue cultural policies. Not only have Australia and New Zealand pursued some of the world’s most ambitious cultural policies, these two partner countries at times took unusual positions on the trade and culture debate. Yet, both have resolutely positioned themselves toward the ‘culture’ side of the debate, with either some of the most far-reaching exceptions or modest commitments relating to the cultural sector in their respective PTAs.
Australia, New Zealand, cultural policies, trade and culture debate, trade liberalization, preferential trade agreements, cultural provisions, cultural services, cultural exceptions, cultural commitments
De effectiviteit van sancties voor jeugdigen veroordeeld voor ernstige gewelds- en zedenmisdrijven
Authors: Creemers H.E. (Hanneke) , Asscher J.J. (Jessica) 
Published: March 2023

De effectiviteit van sancties voor jeugdigen veroordeeld voor ernstige gewelds- en zedenmisdrijven: Een pleidooi voor gecontroleerd effectonderzoek
Gezien het streven van onder andere de Nederlandse overheid om effectief te sanctioneren is een belangrijke vraag in hoeverre opgelegde sancties daadwerkelijk effectief zijn in het voorkomen van recidive bij jeugdigen veroordeeld voor ernstige gewelds- en zedenmisdrijven. In dit artikel beschrijven we onze poging de effecten van sancties voor deze groep jeugdigen te onderzoeken. Op basis van literatuuronderzoek en empirisch onderzoek in Nederland is er geen bewijs voor effectiviteit. Gecontroleerd effectonderzoek op dit gebied ontbreekt maar is van cruciaal belang.
Asuhan keperawatan komprehensif dengan penerapan teknik kompres bawang merah terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh anak dengan demam
Authors: Novikasari Linawati , Wandini Riska , Pradisca Rima Ary 
Published: March 2023

Pendahuluan: Masalah kesehatan anak merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam bidang kesehatan yang saat ini terjadi di Indonesia. Demam adalah suatu keadaan dimana terjadi peningkatan suhu tubuh diatas normal. Rentang suhu tubuh seseorang dikatakan hipotermi terjadi <36,5,normal 36,5-37,5, dan dikatakan hipertermi >37,5. Efek hangat dari bawang merah bekerja dengan cara penggunaan energy panas melalui metode konduksi dan evaporasi, yaitu perpindahan panas dari suatu objek lain dengan kontak langsung .
Tujuan: Dilakukan asuhan keperawatan komplementer dengan penerapan teknik kompres bawang merah terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh anak dengan demam di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah tahun 2021
Metode: metode asuhan keperawatan ini menggunkan pendengakan dengan perlakukan pemberian bawang merah dengan konsep asuhan keperawatan komprehensif pasa setase anak, serta mendeskripsikan dalam bentuk review kasus dengan menganalisi masalah yang terjadi pada demam menggunakan penerapan teknik kompres bawang merah terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh anak dengan demam di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah tahun 2021
Hasil: masalah yang di dapatkan pada kedua pasien dengan keluhan demam memiliki keluhan yang sama yaitu demam, anak menggigil dan pada penegakan diagnosa di temukan masalah hipertermi berhubungan dengan proses infeksi, dan setelah di berikan terapi kompres bawang merah demam mulai turun dan masalah teratasi.
simpulan: evaluasi yang di dapatkan pada klien dengan hambatan aktivitas menunjukan bahwa klien An. R mengalami penurunan suhu yang optimal, mukosa bibir lembab peningkatan nafsu makan. Sedangkan pada An. T masih mengalami demam, nafsu makan menurun, akral terab hangat, nampak lemas. Kedepannya apabila pasien mengalami demam berulang maka di anjurkan untuk memeriksakan ke rumah sakit untuk mendapatkan perawatan lebih lanjut.