bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GC–MS analysis of soil faecal biomarkers uncovers mammalian species and the economic management of the archeological site "Le Colombare di Negrar"
Authors: Reggio Chiara , Palmisano Erika , Tecchiati Umberto , Ravelli Alessandro , Bergamaschi Roberta F. , Salzani Paola , Putzolu Cristiano , Casati Sara , Orioli Marica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe identification of the mammalian species based on faecal sediments in modern and ancient environments is the aim of the research of archaeologists, forensic scientists and ecologists. Here, we set up and validated an optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method, characterized by a time-saving sample preparation protocol, for the simultaneous analysis of faecal biomarkers (6 sterols/stanols and 5 bile acids) in 14 soil samples from the archaeological site of “Le Colombare di Negrar” in northern Italy. Although the archaeological sediment samples examined are numerically exiguous, a comparative reading of our faecal biomarkers findings with new studies on faunal materials collected in the same stratigraphic detail during recent excavation campaigns will allow to better clarify the economic interest of the animal species farmed in the Colombare site (such as bovines, goats, sheep and pigs) and to shed light on the management of breeding. Together with archaeozoological and archaeobotanical analyses, the investigation of faecal biomarkers can increase our knowledge of how ancient local communities exploited natural resources and may allow us to deduce what their impact on the landscape was.
Transcriptome wide analyses reveal intraspecific diversity in thermal stress responses of a dominant habitat‐forming species
Authors: Nicastro Katy R. , Pearson Gareth A. , Ramos Xana , Pearson Vasco , McQuaid Christopher D. , Zardi Gerardo I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe impact of climate change on biodiversity has stimulated the need to understand environmental stress responses, particularly for ecosystem engineers whose responses to climate affect large numbers of associated organisms. Distinct species differ substantially in their resilience to thermal stress but there are also within-species variations in thermal tolerance for which the molecular mechanisms underpinning such variation remain largely unclear. Intertidal mussels are well-known for their role as ecosystem engineers. First, we exposed two genetic lineages of the intertidal mussel Perna perna to heat stress treatments in air and water. Next, we ran a high throughput RNA sequencing experiment to identify differences in gene expression between the thermally resilient eastern lineage and the thermally sensitive western lineage. We highlight different thermal tolerances that concord with their distributional ranges. Critically, we also identified lineage-specific patterns of gene expression under heat stress and revealed intraspecific differences in the underlying transcriptional pathways in response to warmer temperatures that are potentially linked to the within-species differences in thermal tolerance. Beyond the species, we show how unravelling within-species variability in mechanistic responses to heat stress promotes a better understanding of global evolutionary trajectories of the species as a whole in response to changing climate.
A phenomenological and quantitative view on the degradation of positive electrodes from spent lithium-ion batteries in humid atmosphere
Authors: Langner Thomas , Sieber Tim , Rietig Anja , Merk Virginia , Pfeifer Lutz , Acker Jörg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study deals with the phenomenological observation of the corrosion of the positive electrode foil of lithium-ion batteries containing LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NMC) as cathode material. Due to the presence of moisture, localized water accumulation is formed on the NMC surface. The water absorbed by the electrolyte reacts with the NMC under Li+/H+ exchange and the resulting pH increase leads to dissolution of the carrier foil and characteristic salt-like blooms on the NMC surface. With the increase in the relative area occupied by the holes in the aluminum foil per time, a sufficiently suitable parameter was found with which to quantitatively determine the extent of corrosion. The degree of degradation depends on time and ambient humidity. It was shown that functional recycling with the water jet method is no longer applicable for degraded foils, since the mechanical stability of the foils decreases as corrosion progresses. Lithium, aluminum, sulfur and oxygen were detected in the blooms using SEM–EDX and Laser-Induced-Breakdown-Spectroscopy (LIBS). The underlying NMC layer was found to contain mainly aluminum and significantly lower lithium content than the non-degraded material. SEM and Raman microscopy analyses also showed that the active material is also locally degraded and therefore no longer suitable for functional recycling.
Functionally active cross-linked protein oligomers formed by homocysteine thiolactone
Authors: Kumari Kritika , Sharma Gurumayum Suraj , Gupta Akshita , Singh Khuraijam Surjalal , Singh Laishram Rajendrakumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeposition of high-order protein oligomers is a common hallmark of a large number of human diseases and therefore, has been of immense medical interest. From the past several decades, efforts are being made to characterize protein oligomers and explore how they are linked with the disease pathologies. In general, oligomers are non-functional, rather cytotoxic in nature while the functional (non-cytotoxic) oligomers are quite rare. In the present study, we identified new protein oligomers of Ribonuclease-A and Lysozyme that contain functionally active fractions. These functional oligomers are disulfide cross-linked, native-like, and obtained as a result of the covalent modification of the proteins by the toxic metabolite, homocysteine thiolactone accumulated under hyperhomocysteinemia (a condition responsible for cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis). These results have been obtained from the extensive analysis of the nature of oligomers, functional status, and structural integrity of the proteins using orthogonal techniques. The study implicates the existence of such oligomers as protein sinks that may sequester toxic homocysteines in humans.
Comparison of hierarchical clustering and neural network clustering: an analysis on precision dominance
Authors: Shahid Nazish 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA comparison of neural network clustering (NNC) and hierarchical clustering (HC) is conducted to assess computing dominance of two machine learning (ML) methods for classifying a populous data of large number of variables into clusters. An accurate clustering disposition is imperative to investigate assembly-influence of predictors on a system over a course of time. Moreover, categorically designated representation of variables can assist in scaling down a wide data without loss of essential system knowledge. For NNC, a self-organizing map (SOM)-training was used on a local aqua system to learn distribution and topology of variables in an input space. Ternary features of SOM; sample hits, neighbouring weight distances and weight planes were investigated to institute an optical inference of system’s structural attributes. For HC, constitutional partitioning of the data was executed through a coupled dissimilarity-linkage matrix operation. The validation of this approach was established through a higher value of cophenetic coefficient. Additionally, an HC-feature of stem-division was used to determine cluster boundaries. SOM visuals reported two locations’ samples for remarkable concentration analogy and presence of 4 extremely out of range concentration parameter from among 16 samples. NNC analysis also demonstrated that singular conduct of 18 independent components over a period of time can be comparably inquired through aggregate influence of 6 clusters containing these components. However, a precise number of 7 clusters was retrieved through HC analysis for segmentation of the system. Composing elements of each cluster were also distinctly provided. It is concluded that simultaneous categorization of system’s predictors (water components) and inputs (locations) through NNC and HC is valid to the precision probability of 0.8, as compared to data segmentation conducted with either of the methods exclusively. It is also established that cluster genesis through combined HC’s linkage and dissimilarity algorithms and NNC is more reliable than individual optical assessment of NNC, where varying a map size in SOM will alter the association of inputs’ weights to neurons, providing a new consolidation of clusters.
A dual doping nonvolatile reconfigurable FET
Authors: Jin Xiaoshi , Zhang Shouqiang , Liu Xi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we propose a dual doping based nonvolatile reconfigurable field effect transistor with source/drain (S/D) charge storage layers (DDN R-FET). It introduces nonvolatile charge storage layers on both source and drain sides as a floating program gate (FPG) instead of a program gate (PG) that needs independent power supply. The stored charges in the FPG are programmed by the control gate (CG). Therefore, the proposed DDN R-FET essentially requires only one independently powered gate to complete the reconfigurable operation. Moreover, by adjusting the charge stored in the FPGs, the CG can regulate the equivalent voltage in the FPG, which can promote the on-state current and reduce the generation of reversely biased leakage current at the same time. The physical mechanism has also been analyzed in details.
Prospective study of weight loss and all-cause-, cardiovascular-, and cancer mortality
Authors: Tolvanen Liisa , Ghilotti Francesca , Adami Hans-Olov , Ye Weimin , Bonn Stephanie E. , Bellocco Rino , Lagerros Ylva Trolle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffects of repeated weight changes on mortality are not well established. In this prospective cohort study, we followed 34,346 individuals from 1997 to 2018 for all-cause mortality, and 2016 for cause-specific mortality. At baseline, participants self-reported amount and frequency of prior weight loss. During 20.6 (median) years of follow-up, we identified 5627 deaths; 1783 due to cancer and 1596 due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used Cox Proportional Hazards models to estimate multivariable‐adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Participants with a weight loss > 10 kg had higher rates of all-cause (HR 1.22; 95%CI 1.09–1.36) and CVD mortality (HR 1.27; 95%CI 1.01–1.59) compared to individuals with no weight loss. Men who had lost > 10 kg had higher all-cause (HR 1.55; 95%CI 1.31–1.84) and CVD mortality (HR 1.55; 95%CI 1.11–2.15) compared to men with no weight loss. Participants who had lost ≥ 5 kg three times or more prior to baseline had increased rates of all-cause (HR 1.16; 95%CI 1.03–1.30) and CVD mortality (HR 1.49; 95%CI 1.20–1.85) compared to participants with no weight loss. We found no association between weight loss and cancer mortality. We conclude that previous and repeated weight loss may increase all-cause and CVD mortality, especially in men.
Isolation and identification of an α-glucosidase inhibitory peptide from extruded soybean protein and its hypoglycemic activity in T2DM mice
Authors: Li Wenhui , Fu Xiaohang , Zhang Tianyu , Li He , Chen Tianpeng , Liu Xinqi 
Published: April 2023

The α-glucosidase inhibitory peptide LLRPPK was isolated from ESPro1 (160 °C, 30 r min−1) in vitro. Meanwhile, ESPro1 was shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and attenuate liver and pancreatic injury in T2DM mice in vivo.
Heat management technology for solid‐state high voltage and high repetitive pulse generators: Towards better effects and reliability
Authors: Wang Yanan , Ren Linyuan , Yang Zihao , Shen Saikang , Deng Zichen , Yuan Qi , Ding Weidong , Ding Zhenjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolid‐state high voltage high repetitive pulse generators have a broad prospect in various applications. The high power and high‐frequency operation of the pulse generator suffer from the massive heat dissipation problem, which limits the improvement of the output parameters and even affects the lifetime. This article focuses on heat management technology for high voltage high repetitive pulse generators. Firstly, the typical circuit topology of the high repetitive pulse generators was summarised. From the perspective of different application requirements, the demands of the heat management design were concluded. Moreover, the heat generation characteristics and difficulties of solid‐state high voltage high repetitive pulse generators were analysed. Then, the different state‐of‐art cooling techniques were reviewed, and their applicability and limitations for the high voltage high repetitive generators were discussed. Finally, a flow chart for heat management design was given.
MDR‐Net: Multiscale dense residual networks for liver image segmentation
Authors: Xie Lijie , Zhu Fubao , Yao Ni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLiver image segmentation is an attractive topic in the diagnosis and surgical planning of liver diseases. Although deep learning methods have significantly advanced liver segmentation, existing frameworks fail to clearly determine liver boundaries, especially in medical images where various organs have similar grey levels. In this paper, the authors design a multi‐scale dense residual network (MDR‐Net) for liver segmentation, which consists of two blocks: a liver segmentation network and an edge‐aware network. In the segmentation network, the authors introduce a multi‐scale residual pooling module combining channel attention (CA) mechanism and depth‐wise separable convolution to accommodate liver scale variation. Furthermore, the authors employ an edge‐aware loss network to refine edge information and enhance feature representation, which is beneficial to guide the network to iterate towards the ground truth. The authors’ method achieves the best visualization results in qualitative evaluation. In addition, the authors’ method achieves 96.189% on 3D‐IRCADb and 96.889% on the CHAOS dataset in quantitative evaluation with respect to the dice index.
UHA‐CycleGAN: Unpaired hybrid attention network based on CycleGAN for terahertz image super‐resolution
Authors: Liu Huanyu , Guo Haipeng , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, terahertz imaging technology has been widely used in security, medicine, and other fields. However, the image resolution is low due to the limits of imaging equipment and diffraction. Traditional super‐resolution methods based on machine learning use artificial paired image datasets, and their image degradation process is quite different from the actual terahertz imaging mechanism. In the paper, an unpaired hybrid attention network is proposed, using the real unpaired high‐resolution and low‐resolution terahertz images as the original input, two sub‐networks are trained: degenerate reconstruction network and super‐resolution network. The degenerate reconstruction network is used to learn the degradation process of the real terahertz imaging system, and reconstruct the generated degradation images into the fixed mapping down‐sampled image of high‐resolution terahertz image. The super‐resolution network uses the generated paired image with fixed correspondence to train the super‐resolution network of paired terahertz images, to improve the imaging resolution of the network in the super‐resolution work of real low‐resolution terahertz images. In addition, the no‐reference image quality evaluation system is introduced to objectively evaluate the network performance. The experimental results show that the UHA‐CycleGAN network outperforms the traditional paired super‐resolution network on both open‐source and self‐built datasets.
Hidden shock powering the peak of SN 2020faa
Authors: Salmaso I. , Cappellaro E. , Tartaglia L. , Benetti S. , Botticella M. T. , Elias-Rosa N. , Pastorello A. , Patat F. , Reguitti A. , Tomasella L. , Valerin G. , Yang S. 
Published: April 2023

Context. The link between the fate of the most massive stars and the resulting supernova (SN) explosion is still a matter of debate, in major part because of the ambiguity among light-curve powering mechanisms. When stars explode as SNe, the light-curve luminosity is typically sustained by a central engine (radioactive decay, magnetar spin-down, or fallback accretion). However, since massive stars eject considerable amounts of material during their evolution, there may be a significant contribution coming from interactions with the previously ejected circumstellar medium (CSM). Reconstructing the progenitor configuration at the time of explosion requires a detailed analysis of the long-term photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the related transient.
Aims. In this paper, we present the results of our follow-up campaign of SN 2020faa. Given the high luminosity and peculiar slow light curve, it is purported to have a massive progenitor. We present the spectro-photometric dataset and investigate different options to explain the unusual observed properties that support this assumption.
Methods. We computed the bolometric luminosity of the supernova and the evolution of its temperature, radius, and expansion velocity. We also fit the observed light curve with a multi-component model to infer information on the progenitor and the explosion mechanism.
Results. Reasonable parameters are inferred for SN 2020faa with a magnetar of energy, Ep = 1.5−0.2+0.5 × 1050 erg, and spin-down time, tspin = 15 ± 1 d, a shell mass, Mshell = 2.4−0.4+0.5 M⊙, and kinetic energy, Ekin(shell) = 0.9−0.3+0.5 × 1051 erg, and a core with Mcore = 21.5−0.7+1.4 M⊙ and Ekin(core) = 3.9−0.4+0.1 × 1051 erg. In addition, we need an extra source to power the luminosity of the second peak. We find that a hidden interaction with either a CSM disc or several delayed and choked jets is a viable mechanism for supplying the required energy to achieve this effect.
Gutachterliche Probleme bei der Beurteilung COVID-assoziierter Psychosen
Authors: Soyka Michael 
Published: April 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiskutiert wird der Fall eines 41-jährigen Piloten ohne relevante psychiatrische Vorgeschichte, der im Kontext einer gesicherten COVID-Infektion mit Kopfschmerzen, Müdigkeit und Antriebsbarmut zeitgleich eine ängstlich-paranoide Symptomatik mit Verfolgungs- und Beziehungsideen entwickelte, die über mehrere Wochen persistierte und unter Neuroleptikamedikation vollständig remittierte. Er blieb nach dem Absetzen der Medikation symptomfrei. Die Differenzialdiagnose einer polymorphen psychotischen Störung wurde im Verlauf in die Diagnose einer organischen wahnhaften Störung geändert. Neurostatus, CCT, Liquor und EEG waren unauffällig. Die diagnostische Einordnung des Störungsbildes hat für die Beurteilung der Berufsfähigkeit des Probanden große Bedeutung. Differenzialdiagnostische Aspekte werden diskutiert.
Vergleich zweier Techniken der Umbilikoplastik bei 72 Patientinnen
nach Brustrekonstruktion mit freier DIEP-Lappenplastik
Authors: Alawadi Mai , Lohmeyer Jörn Andreas , Wittig Klaus Stephan , Bergmann Philipp Alexander , Shahmiri-Zimmermann Shanly , Keck Maike 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Das Erscheinungsbild des Bauchnabels nach DIEP-Lappenplastik
oder Abdominoplastik spielt eine wesentliche Rolle bei der ästhetischen
Wahrnehmung (1). Obgleich der Nabel keine Funktion hat, besteht kein Zweifel an
der Bedeutung, die die Nabelform für das Selbstwertgefühl der
Patientinnen gerade nach einer Brustkrebserkrankung hat (2). In der vorliegenden
Studie haben wir zwei der bevorzugten in der Literatur beschriebenen Techniken
an 72 Patientinnen hinsichtlich des ästhetischen Ergebnisses, der
Komplikationen und der Sensibilität verglichen: das kaudale
Läppchen (kuppelförmige Form) und die querovale Form des
Nabels.
Patienten und Methode Zweiundsiebzig Patientinnen, die zwischen Januar
2016 und Juli 2018 eine DIEP-Lappenplastik zur Brustrekonstruktion erhielten,
wurden in dieser Studie retrospektiv erfasst. Es wurden zwei Techniken zur
Nabelrekonstruktion verglichen: die querovale Nabelform und die Umbilikoplastik
unter Verwendung eines kaudalen Läppchens, welche in einer
kuppelförmigen Form des Bauchnabels resultiert. Um die
ästhetischen Ergebnisse zu vergleichen, wurde eine Evaluation durch die
Patientinnen und eine Bewertung durch drei unabhängige Plastische
Chirurg*innen mindestens 6 Monate postoperativ durchgeführt.
Patientinnen und Chirurg*innen wurden gebeten, das allgemeine
Erscheinungsbild des Nabels, einschließlich der Narbenbildung und der
Form, mit einer Punktzahl zwischen 1 und 6 zu bewerten (1=Sehr gut,
2=gut, 3=befriedigend, 4=ausreichend,
5=mangelhaft, 6=ungenügend). Des Weiteren wurde die
Sensibilität des Nabels durch Befragung der Patientinnen und das
Auftreten von Wundheilungsstörungen untersucht.
Ergebnisse Beide Techniken zeigten ähnliche Werte der
ästhetischen Zufriedenheit (p=0,49) im Rahmen der
Selbsteinschätzung durch die Patientinnen. Die Plastischen
Chirurg*innen bewerteten die Technik mit kaudalem Läppchen als
signifikant besser gegenüber der Nabelplastik mit querovaler Form
(p=0,042). Beim kaudalen Läppchen traten mehr
Wundheilungsstörungen auf (11,1%) im Vergleich zum querovalen
Nabel. Dies war jedoch nicht signifikant (p=0,16). Eine operative
Revision war nicht erforderlich. Beim Nabel mit kaudalem Läppchen zeigte
sich eine Tendenz zur Verbesserung der Sensibilität (60%
gegenüber 45%), die jedoch nicht signifikant war
(p=0,19).
Schlussfolgerung Die Patientenzufriedenheit zeigte ähnliche
Ergebnisse für die beiden Methoden der Umbilikoplastik. Beide Techniken
wurden im Durchschnitt mit einem guten Ergebnis bewertet. Andererseits
bewerteten die Chirurg*innen die Umbilikoplastik mit kaudalem
Läppchen als ästhetisch ansprechender.