bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some heavy metal contents and enzymes in two fish species from two areas along the White Nile
Authors: Bassir Abdel Raheam H.A. El- 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine heavy metals and two enzymes of two fresh water fish namely: Oreochromis niloticus and Synodontus schall from two sites along the White Nile . Al-Dubaseen area was considered the site with high contamination where dumping of industrial effluents takes place and Al-Kalakla area was 5km south before the dumping area and considered area with less pollution. Twenty Fish samples from the two sites were transported to the laboratory for the estimation of the heavy metals Lead( Pb),Cadmium(Cd),Iron (Fe) ,Zinc(Zn) and two enzymes glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) .Results revealed that both fish species accumulated Pb,Fe,and Cu above permissible levels whereas Cd and Zn levels were within permissible levels. Results also showed that gills in general accumulated more heavy metals than muscles in both studied species .The heavy metals pattern in both muscles and gills was Fe> pb>Cu>Cd>Zn. The enzymatic estimation showed that activity of the two enzymes showed elevated levels of GOT than GPT in both fish collected from both two sites.
Prevalence and molecular identification of Plasmodium falciparum in symptomatic individuals in Nyala city, Sudan
Authors: Boush Moussa A. , Ibrine1 Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, and 45% of the population living in areas that suffer from stable malaria transmission in Sudan. The prevalence of symptomatic Plasmodium infection based on microscopy and RDTs is poorly documented in Nyala city. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of plasmodium infection and molecular identification of plasmodium species in Nyala city, Sudan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to December 2018 to determine the prevalence of malaria and molecular identification of plasmodium species in Nyala city, Sudan. A total of 300 suspected patients were enrolled in this study. Microscopy and RDTs were performed to estimate the prevalence and nPCR to detect the plasmodium genus and species.
Results: Of 300 patients, 113 (37.7%) were positive for malaria. Plasmodium falciparum was the only prevalent species detected amongst the study population. The prevalence of plasmodium infection by microscopy and RDTs was 113 (37.7 %) and 106 (35.3 %), respectively. While PCR result showed prevalence of 47 (47%).
Conclusions: This study showed that the only prevalent species identified was P. falciparum, the findings demonstrate no existence of non-falciparum malaria, and children less than five years old were the most infected patients. The diagnostic performance of microscopy was better than RDTs in the diagnosis of malaria infection.
IMPACT OF COPPER MINES ON TRIBAL LAND USE PATTERN AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AT MUSABONI AND SURROUNDING AREA.
Authors: Mahali Samu 
Published: February 2023

The process of population growth in the urban area along with the article deals with the study of changes of land use pattern Socio-economic activities of tribes as a result of rapid urbanization. It encompasses an extensive survey of the tribes’ dwelling places in urban, fringe and the rural settlements. The salient features include exploration of the physical and cultural background in the case study area. Composition of tribe families in 1931, Tribal population growth rate during 1931 to 2011, Urban to Rural Tribal population ratio, the proportion of Tribal people affected by urbanization and rapid populating in the study area i.e. change of their tradition and culture after the urbanization etc. Major findings include:
Perceptible changes occurred in Socio cultural system of tribes like birth, funeral, religion etc. Land use pattern, Majhi- Pargana system, tendency to change surnames, erosion of mother tongue, advent of dowry system, hunting system in forests, vanishing forefather’s name. Use of modern costume, musical instruments, dances in place of their traditional ones, etc.
Pull factors i.e. Urbanization and urban development is started in the East Singhbhum the commercial, industrial and transport preferment has favored the recent urban development throughout the areas. These have been accelerated with the overwhelming growth of population in urban areas through migration at acceleration and natural growth. These have given rise to systems of central places, problems of slums and squatter settlements besides enhancing the linkages of industrial centers thereby increasing the entropy of urban places. All these have forced the Governments to think about change in the urban policies, population policies and planning prospects.
In the East Singhbhum District process of rapid population growth started from the establishment of Tata Iron and Steel Company in 1907 as well as copper mines at Mosaboni and Ghatshila in 1927. This development changed the socio cultural life style of tribes. Though their Living standard, Educational and Economic condition had changed, they stand developed in all aspects but as a trade-off lost their socio-cultural composition a great deal. They must continue their positive traditional cultures and social traits and may do away with the negative sides like excessive drinking habits of the traditional brew etc. to avoid the extinction in the long run from the memory of the future generations. It is possible only by the awareness to them. Aboriginal culture has many important things, which need to be preserved and have to continue as Indian culture in the context of sustaining beautiful diversity of Indian culture landscape.
THE PROPAGANDA USED IN ARABIC-SPEAKING ISRAELI WEBSITES TOWARDS JERUSALEM ISSUE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: Kh.R.Abou Noqaira Ayman , W.E.Harara Samee 
Published: February 2023

This study aimed at identifying the methods of propaganda in the Israeli Arabic-speaking websites on the issue of Jerusalem, its types and objectives, monitoring the most important contents and sources and the propaganda forms that it uses. The study is based on the descriptive research methodology that used the survey methodology, in which there are the method of content analysis, the method of the study of mutual relations and the method of methodological comparison. The study tool was in the content analysis form for the collection and classification of data and information. The study was applied to a sample of Israelin Arabicwebsite, the Times of Israel website, and Al-masdar website, in the period from 1-7-2017 to 31-12-2017, based on the theory of "prioritization."The study reached several results, most notably:a. The goal of distorting the facts as one of the goals of Israeli propaganda ranked first)27.4%(. In the second place, the goal of beautifying the imag eof Israel) 23.7 %(.B. The method of repetition as one of the methods of Israeli propaganda ranked first (23.9%), followed by the method of distracting attention (19.3%]
RISING POPULARITY OF DAIRY FARMING AMONG SHGS-A CASE STUDY
Authors: Rao Raghavendra , Salian Dr. Ramesh 
Published: February 2023

The present paper depicts that dairying is one of the vital components of animal husbandry and has become an important secondary source of income. India is one of the largest milk producers of the world since 1997. Now-a-days, dairy farming financed by microfinance and Self-Help Groups (SHG) has become a ladder for the poor to break out from the state of impoverishment and also give them a boost to feel secure, socially and psychologically. Even the landless labourers and households can rear a couple of animals where the facilities for collection of milk as well as veterinary facilities are available. For the villagers today’s diary is both a healthy and wealthy occupation. Small diary of two high yielding cows has become an attractive economic proposition for the SHG members, particularly women. Women with queuing in front of the society to supply milk in the early morning are a familiar scene in the rural areas today. The moment village women think about self-employment, the first business idea comes to her memory is a diary. Dairy farming is an ecofriendly business and can be easily ventured into and is capital light and quick yielding also. Field study experience identified a few of the successful women members who involved completely in SHG movement and graduated as women entrepreneurs in dairy farming and empowered both economically and socially. In a male dominated society, women have always been underestimated and discriminated in all spheres of life. The paper concludes that women development and empowerment to a great extent depends upon the economic empowerment of women and microfinance through dairy farming can prove to be a very powerful self-employment venture for women empowerment in the times to come.
DIDACTICS OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN AFRICA
Authors: Nforbi, Phd Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

The existing knowledge from the African tradition needs to be put together for the development of the continent. The over 2000 languages in the continent carry with them indigenous knowledge that has kept its speakers going over the centuries. The focus on the continent has been on the negative history, slave trade, colonisation, and neo-colonisation. It is time we lay emphasis on the vestiges of its glorious civilization. We need to salvage and revitalize it through mother tongue literacy.
As far as indigenous knowledge is concerned, each language community has useful indigenous knowledge that has been handed over the ages. This is embedded in the language and culture. We need to write it the way it was handed down to us before looking for the translations into other languages. A translation from English, French and other languages into our mother-tongues will as well bring in external knowledge for the development of our communities. We therefore need more linguistics and applied linguistics research to bring out the orthographies and grammars of our mother-tongues to facilitate this process.
An educational system built on its languages and cultures which exploits them to give confidence and hope to its students is what this book proposes. Its products will be proud to be Africans and hence think Africa first, Cameroon first. This system of education requires a bold volte-face; a return to our national languages as languages of instruction, especially in the rural areas. Provision should be given for African children especially at the basic level to learn how to read and write through their mother-tongues. They should be able to discover the sciences, technologies, cultures, histories, ethics, and norms of their communities through their mother tongues.
ADEQUATE OR NOT? JUDICIAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORMS IN CHINA
Authors: Na JIANG, , Rong HAN, 
Published: February 2023

From 2014 to 2015, the shortcomings of the Chinese justice system were once again made clear with the identification of thirteen serious wrongful convictions.[1] In some cases in question, innocent people were executed. The Ministry of Public
Security (MPS), the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) and Procuratorate (SPP) have responded to these cases by introducing specific measures to deepen reforms to the justice system, including and not limited to life-long responsibility. [2] Does introduction of this new system as a part of official responses adequately ensure that justice can be done by mending the fundamental flaws that led to wrongful convictions? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to examine what occurred in each of typical cases.
THE ENHANCEMENT OF LEARNER AUTONOMY AND ASSESSMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY FOR YOUNG LEARNERS THROUGH MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORY.
Authors: Shukla Ashka 
Published: February 2023

Learning English is vital for young learners today given both the increasing globalization of academic, governmental, economic affairs and associated rise in the global profile of English as a lingua franca as well as potential for personal enrichment that comes with learning any foreign languages. As the need for learning English among young learners increases, so does the need for appropriate measures for informing relevant stakeholders ( e.g. learners, parents and educators) of the learners English Proficiency Level. Inevitably, the appropriate measurement of English proficiency will be critical if assessment is to play an effective role in young learners’ English development and academic success.
In order to equip learners properly, English teachers working in the school system must have the necessary knowledge of English as a school subject and the skills to teach it in a way that learners find motivating and meaningful. In addition, teachers should be able to support their students as they become more autonomous in their language learning.
In devising English Language Proficiency assessments for young learners, an array of issues needs to be carefully thought out in terms of young learner’s characteristics and their language development. For that, Theories of learning and intelligence can be used to identify and clarify the claims that are made in English Language Proficiency tests and validity of test interpretations. According to the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) every single child and person in general, can excel in a different area depending on their intelligence (linguistic, logico mathematical, visual-spatial, musical, bodily-kinaesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist). The implications for language teaching are that classroom activities should be organised in a way which stimulates our students’ various intelligences. As a result, they get more actively involved in the learning process.
EVALUACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y HABILIDAD MATEMÁTICA EVIDENCIA PARA 1º DE ENSEÑANZA BÁSICA
Authors: CARRASCO Oscar ROJAS , HERRERA CIUDAD Fernando , SALAZAR Victor VELOSO , VERDUGO Cesar FARÍAS 
Published: February 2023

El presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar el proceso de evaluación realizado en una Escuela Básica de la Región del Maule, en Chile, proceso que se enmarca en las acciones a realizar por los establecimientos educacionales, con el fin de dar cumplimiento al Plan de Mejoramiento Educativo y las normativas vigentes de la Ley de Subvención Escolar Preferencial. El proceso de evaluación se llevó a cabo en las dependencias Del establecimiento educacional en los horarios normales de estudio y fue aplicado a 70 alumnos pertenecientes a distintos cursos Del nivel NB1, en este caso el curso primero básico.
El instrumento de evaluación aplicado corresponde a una prueba escrita, denominada: “Prueba de Conocimiento y Habilidad Matemática”, que consta de 20 preguntas, divididas en 4 ejes de aprendizaje; Numeración, Operatoria, Conocimiento y Resolución de Problemas Geométricos y Resolución de Problemas Aritméticos. Para esta evaluación se estableció una exigencia mínima de UN 60% para todos los niveles.
En relación con el rendimiento destaca el primero básico B, en el cual el 94% de los alumnos logra el desempeño esperado en la evaluación. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se sugiere potenciar los ejes de aprendizaje, implementando talleres o capacitaciones para los docentes, en las áreas de menor puntuación, buscar nuevas metodologías de enseñanza, implementar UN programa de acompañamiento en el aula o la asistencia técnica de expertos. El informe global que indica con más detalle cada curso y eje de aprendizaje.
ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE ARAB SECTOR IN ISRAEL AS A RESULT OF THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF THE NATIONAL ICT PROGRAM IN TEACHING
Authors: Soleman Habib Allah 
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine the relationship between principals' policies in the Arab sector in Israel and their attitudes towards the integration of the national ICT program in teaching, their implementation of this policy and the integration of ICT in their schools, as well as their impact on the implementation of ICT among teachers. The study included 20 schools and 345 teachers and principals.
The results of the study indicate that the manager's positive attitude toward ICT improves the perception of teachers' responsibility and autonomy, while the perception of responsibility and autonomy among them significantly improves the implementation of ICT in practice.
Malnutrition levels among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Pakistani a multi center study
Authors: Haq Anwar Ul , Shahab Khalid , Zeb Farhan , Khan Fahad , Khan Ahmed , Ullah Hameed , Khattak Imran Qadir 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of malnutrition among T2DM patients in tertiary care. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Medicine Hayatabad medical complex peshawar Pakistan from jan 2020 to July 2021. Methodology: this Multi-center study conducted in department of medicine hmc hospital Peshawar from jan 2020 to July 2021. total of 130 T2DM patients were assessed for nutritional evaluation with the assistance of a nurse and supporting staff. With the use of a questionnaire and a Subjective Global Assessment form, the data was collected (SGA). With the aid of MS Excel and SPSS, the nutritional risk factors and malnutrition status were determined, and the data was statistically examined. Results: The results of our recent study showed that, of the 130 patients, 62 48% were at intermediate risk of malnutrition and 68/52% were at high risk. Similar to this, 48 individuals had severe malnutrition, while 80 patients were classified as having moderate malnutrition. Obese Class-I, with the greatest risk of malnutrition and the highest frequency of severe malnutrition, has been proven to have the highest incidence among the different BMI categories. 0.920 is the correlation coefficient R2.
Pengetahuan, Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku Konsumsi Nutrisi pada Ibu Post Sectio Cesarea Fase Early Post Partum
Authors: Triani Nining 
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Penatalaksanaan nutrisi yang kurang kuat selama masa post sectio cesaria dapat menimbulkan masalah. Kurangnya pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga ibu post sectio cesaria akan pentingnya nutrisi akan menimbulkan masalah, baik bagi ibu maupun bayinya.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku konsumsi nutrisi pada Ibu Post Sectio Cesaria fase Early Post Partum di Poli Kebidanan RS. Bina Husada Tahun 2021. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi deskriftif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Adapun desain yang digunakan adalah studi cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah 163 responden, dan sampel 66 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan diuji dengan uji rank spearman.
Hasil: Berdasarkan uji statistik yaitu uji rank spearman (spearman’s rho) untuk variabel pengetahuan didapatkan 0,018. Dan untuk variabel dukungan keluarga didapatkan 0,180.
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan perilaku konsumsi nutrisi pada Ibu Post Sectio Cesaria Fase Early Post Partum di Poli Kebidanan RS. Bina Husada Cibinong Bogor Tahun 2021. Tidak ada hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku konsumsi nutrisi pada Ibu Post Sectio Cesaria Fase Early Post Partum di Poli Kebidanan RS.Bina Husada Cibinong Bogor Tahun 2021.
Manifestarsi dell'arte
Authors: Mazzoni Augusto 
Published: February 2023

Nella sua opera Il manifestarsi dell’arte. Estetica come fenomenologia (2010) Guenter Figal riconduce l’estetica ermeneutica di nuovo alla fenomenologia. L’arte non può essere ridotta ad alcune verità filosofiche. Al contrario, essa è manifestazione del bello. Le opere d’arte sono manifestazioni che mostrano sé stesse. Mostrano in esse e con esse un ordine decentrato che si pone per sé stesso come una manifestazione. Il presente articolo concentra l’attenzione sulla filosofia dell’arte di Figal da un punto di vista musicologico. L’obiettivo principale è comprendere come un’opera musicale possa essere una manifestazione che nelle sue strutture fenomenologiche mostra sé stessa in quanto ordine decentrato. In tale disamina critica emergono alcune questioni cruciali. L’opera musicale è davvero una cosa (Ding) o piuttosto è un fenomeno acustico? Il gioco ritmico può essere considerato come la
Sosialisasi Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Lingkungan Fisik Sekolah Dalam Mencegah Penyebaran COVID-19
Authors: Pitriyanti Luh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic began to hit the world in early 2020 until now and has caused various problems in all sectors of life. Environmental health factors that influence the transmission of COVID-19 include temperature, humidity, lighting, room volume and ventilation area. Education efforts need to be made to all communities, including students who are learning offline to tackle the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The purposed of this activity was to increase students' knowledge about the transmission of COVID-19, preventive measures, and environmental health efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. The implementer of this community service activity is the team leader who will be accompanied by 3 students of the Sanitation DIII Study Program of the Tanjungpinang Ministry of Health level II. The target of this activity were students at SMK Negeri 4 Tanjungpinang City. The method used was conveying information through health counseling to students and giving a COVID-19 starter pack containing masks and hand sanitizers, giving banners as educational media and hand sanitizers and hand washing soap to schools. Based on the pre and post test scores of 28 students, it is known that there was an increase in knowledge from 5.61 to 7.21. The output of this activity was an increase in student knowledge and information media for students.
Abstrak
Pandemi COVID-19 mulai melanda dunia pada awal tahun 2020 hingga saat ini dan telah menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan di segala sektor kehidupan. Faktor kesehatan lingkungan yang mempengaruhi penularan COVID-19 antara lain suhu, kelembaban, pencahayaan, volume ruangan dan luas ventilasi. Upaya edukasi perlu dilakukan kepada seluruh masyarakat, termasuk siswa yang sedang belajar offline untuk menanggulangi penyebaran virus COVID-19. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang penularan COVID-19, tindakan pencegahan dan upaya kesehatan lingkungan untuk mencegah penularan COVID-19. Pelaksana kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah ketua tim yang akan didampingi oleh 3 orang mahasiswa Program Studi DIII Sanitasi Kementerian Kesehatan Tanjungpinang tingkat II. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah siswa SMK Negeri 4 Kota Tanjungpinang. Metode yang digunakan adalah menyampaikan informasi melalui penyuluhan kesehatan kepada siswa sebulan yang lalu dan memberikan starter pack COVID-19 berisi masker dan hand sanitizer, memberikan spanduk sebagai media edukasi dan hand sanitizer serta sabun cuci tangan kepada sekolah. Berdasarkan nilai pre dan post test 28 siswa diketahui terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dari 5,61 menjadi 7,21. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan siswa dan media informasi bagi siswa.
Legendarias palabras contra san Agustín
Authors: Villegas Rodríguez Manuel 
Published: February 2023

Resumen: Las palabras, orales o escritas, pueden contener reproches sin fundamento que, repetidas, se convierten en maledicentes leyendas. Además de las palabras existen múltiples pinturas que, en el caso que nos ocupa representan a san Agustín en una playa, ante un niño, que le recrimina su atrevimiento por tratar de profundizar en la idea de Dios-Trinidad. Esta ha sido y sigue siendo para muchos escritores o predicadores, consciente o inconscientemente, una ocurrente anécdota que puede desdibujar al santo Obispo de Hipona. Se prueba ampliamente que esta leyenda refleja una deformación de su personalidad a la vez que se expone con sus propias palabras el excelso y claro contenido de su obra De Trinitate.