bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlated-photon imaging at 10 volumetric images per second
Authors: Massaro Gianlorenzo , Mos Paul , Vasiukov Sergii , Di Lena Francesco , Scattarella Francesco , Pepe Francesco V. , Ulku Arin , Giannella Davide , Charbon Edoardo , Bruschini Claudio , D’Angelo Milena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe correlation properties of light provide an outstanding tool to overcome the limitations of traditional imaging techniques. A relevant case is represented by correlation plenoptic imaging (CPI), a quantum-inspired volumetric imaging protocol employing spatio-temporally correlated photons from either entangled or chaotic sources to address the main limitations of conventional light-field imaging, namely, the poor spatial resolution and the reduced change of perspective for 3D imaging. However, the application potential of high-resolution imaging modalities relying on photon correlations is limited, in practice, by the need to collect a large number of frames. This creates a gap, unacceptable for many relevant tasks, between the time performance of correlated-light imaging and that of traditional imaging methods. In this article, we address this issue by exploiting the photon number correlations intrinsic in chaotic light, combined with a cutting-edge ultrafast sensor made of a large array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). This combination of source and sensor is embedded within a novel single-lens CPI scheme enabling to acquire 10 volumetric images per second. Our results place correlated-photon imaging at a competitive edge and prove its potential in practical applications.
High-quality superconducting α-Ta film sputtered on the heated silicon substrate
Authors: Wu Yanfu , Ding Zengqian , Xiong Kanglin , Feng Jiagui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntrigued by the discovery of the long lifetime in the α-Ta/Al2O3-based Transmon qubit, researchers recently found α-Ta film is a promising platform for fabricating multi-qubits with long coherence time. To meet the requirements for integrating superconducting quantum circuits, the ideal method is to grow α-Ta film on a silicon substrate compatible with industrial manufacturing. Here we report the α-Ta film sputter-grown on Si (100) with a low-loss superconducting TiNx buffer layer. The α-Ta film with a large growth temperature window has a good crystalline character. The superconducting critical transition temperature (Tc) and residual resistivity ratio (RRR) in the α-Ta film grown at 500 °C are higher than that in the α-Ta film grown at room temperature (RT). These results provide crucial experimental clues toward understanding the connection between the superconductivity and the materials' properties in the α-Ta film and open a new route for producing a high-quality α-Ta film on silicon substrate for future industrial superconducting quantum computers.
Astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle plays a pivotal role in sensory-based neuroprotection in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Bhatti Mehwish S. , Frostig Ron D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated protection from impending cortical ischemic stroke is achievable by sensory stimulation of the ischemic area in an adult rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo). We have further demonstrated that a major underpinning mechanism that is necessary for such protection is the system of collaterals among cerebral arteries that results in reperfusion of the MCA ischemic territory. However, since such collateral flow is weak, it may be necessary but not sufficient for protection and therefore we sought other complementary mechanisms that contribute to sensory-based protection. We hypothesized that astrocytes-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) activation could be another potential underpinning mechanism that complements collateral flow in the protection process. Supporting our hypothesis, using functional imaging, pharmacological treatments, and postmortem histology, we showed that ANLS played a pivotal role in sensory stimulation-based protection of cortex and therefore serves as the other supporting mechanism underpinning the protection process.
Effect of storage age and containers on the physicochemical degradation of guggul oleo-resin
Authors: Thomas Moni , Tripathi Niraj , Eappen Shibu M. , Meena Kailash C. , Shrivastava Atul , Prasad Niranjan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGuggul is a gum oleo-resin, tapped from a data deficient plant- Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari in India. It is extensively used in ayurvedic drugs and formulations since ages. Natural plant-based products; especially aromatic ones like guggul gum oleo-resin deteriorates, qualitatively during its storage and transits before reaching the industry for its value addition. This economical and ecological loss can be avoided if it is stored in proper containers. Physico-chemical degradation of guggul samples stored were analysed by scanned electron microscopy, fourier transformed infra red, thermogravimatric, Powdered X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. Physico-chemical degradation of guggul oleo-resin occurs with the age of storage and the type of storage containers used. Among the four storage containers (earthen pot, plastic jar, polythene bag, jute bag) evaluated, earthen pot was found to be the best in checking the qualitative loss of guggul even upto 24 months. The qualitative information generated in the study on guggul storage may be useful to the drug industry and guggul traders. It may encourage them practice storing guggul in earthen pots against current practice of using jute bags and polythene bags, to store it.
Steel slags for enhanced removal of landfill leachate in a three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation system
Authors: Nengzi Lichao , Cao Rui , Qiu Yong , Meng Lin , Hailai Wujia , Li Haitao , Qiu Guanglei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, a three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation system, with steel slags as particle electrodes, was applied to deal with landfill leachate. The characteristics of particle electrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. It was found that the steel slag exhibited rough and irregular surface and mainly consisted of SiO2 (Quartz), which indicated the enhanced absorbed and electroconducted abilities. Subsequently, comparative degradation tests between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical oxidation systems were carried out and results indicated removal efficiencies of COD. Moreover, NH4+-N from landfill leachate in 3D system was greatly improved compared with that of 2D system. Besides, operating conditions were also optimized to interelectrode distance of 1 cm, current density of 20 mA·cm−2, initial pH value of 4.4 and steel slag concentration of 0.30 g·mL−1, all of which were determined to guarantee excellent landfill leachate removal efficiency. In addition, a possible removal mechanism for this system was proposed. The introduction of steel slag particle electrodes in three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation system implied the concept for “using waste to treat waste”, providing a workable way in pollutant elimination.
Carvacrol protects mice against LPS-induced sepsis and attenuates inflammatory response in macrophages by modulating the ERK1/2 pathway
Authors: Yan Chenghua , Kuang Wendong , Jin Liang , Wang Rongliang , Niu Ling , Xie Chuanqi , Ding Jian , Liao Yongcui , Wang Liyuan , Wan Hongjiao , Ma Guangqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMacrophages play an important role in the development of life-threatening sepsis, which is characterized by multiorgan dysfunction, through their ability to produce inflammatory cytokines. Carvacrol is a phenolic compound that has been confirmed to possess strong anti‑inflammatory activity. In this study, we mainly investigated the effect of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage proinflammatory responses and endotoxic shock. The results showed that carvacrol significantly reduced mouse body weight loss and ameliorated pathological damage to the liver, lung, and heart under LPS-induced sepsis. Carvacrol attenuated inflammatory responses by inhibiting the LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, carvacrol inhibited IL-6 production mainly through the ERK1/2 signalling pathway in macrophages. Furthermore, carvacrol improved the survival of septic mice. This study sheds light on the role of carvacrol in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced sepsis, and thus, its potential in treating sepsis patients may be considered.
Casirivimab + imdevimab accelerates symptom resolution linked to improved COVID-19 outcomes across susceptible antibody and risk profiles
Authors: Li Dateng , Xu Meng , Hooper Andrea T. , Rofail Diana , Mohammadi Kusha A. , Chen Yiziying , Ali Shazia , Norton Thomas , Weinreich David M. , Musser Bret J. , Hamilton Jennifer D. , Geba Gregory P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSevere, protracted symptoms are associated with poor outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In a placebo-controlled study of casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS + IMD) in persons at high risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; n = 3816), evolution of individual symptoms was assessed for resolution patterns across risk factors, and baseline SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses against S1 and N domains. CAS + IMD versus placebo provided statistically significant resolution for 17/23 symptoms, with greater response linked to absence of endogenous anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, or specific neutralizing antibodies at baseline, or high baseline viral load. Resolution of five key symptoms (onset days 3–5)—dyspnea, cough, feeling feverish, fatigue, and loss of appetite—independently correlated with reduced hospitalization and death (hazard ratio range: 0.31–0.56; P < 0.001–0.043), and was more rapid in CAS + IMD-treated patients lacking robust early antibody responses. Those who seroconverted late still benefited from treatment. Thus, highly neutralizing COVID-19-specific antibodies provided by CAS + IMD treatment accelerated key symptom resolution associated with hospitalization and death in those at high risk for severe disease as well as in those lacking early, endogenous neutralizing antibody responses.
Influence of the natural radon radiation on the spread of the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Yelizarov Mykhaylo , Yelizarov Olexandr , Berezovska Iryna , Rataj Malgorzata 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe statistics of COVID-19 accumulated in Ukraine show areas with a significantly lower incidence of diseases. The purpose of the study was to identify factors that could influence the pattern of the pandemic in a particular area. Within the study it was assumed that the level of health care is approximately the same throughout the country. Population density was considered the main factor influencing the dynamics of the spread of infection. To reduce the impact of changes in population density across regions, it was normalized by the average population density in the country. The normalization of statistics for the country resulted in a model in the form of a linear relationship between the normalized values of the number of COVID-19 cases in the region and the size of the region. Subsequent analysis of the graphical data made it possible to identify four regions with the lowest incidence of COVID-19. The geographical proximity of these regions Dnipro, Kherson, Vinnytsia and Kirovograd, indicates the presence of a common factor for them, not typical for the rest of Ukraine. Such a factor may be the location of 83% of Ukraine's uranium deposits in the territories around Kirovohrad. Radon is one of the decay products of uranium, so the population of these areas may experience increased exposure to radon. This noble gas has more than a century of medical use, in particular for pulmonary diseases, although there is still no consensus about its effectiveness and side effects. Considering that COVID-19 was often complicated by pulmonary diseases, it can be assumed that the geological specificity of these four regions of Ukraine had an impact on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in their territories. The study findings are important in terms of further COVID-19 research and prevention strategies.
Prediction of serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers changes using a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) technique
Authors: Talkhi Nasrin , Nooghabi Mehdi Jabbari , Esmaily Habibollah , Maleki Saba , Hajipoor Mojtaba , Ferns Gordon. A. , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have proposed that heat shock proteins 27 (HSP27) and its anti-HSP27 antibody titers may play a crucial role in several diseases including cardiovascular disease. However, available studies has been used simple analytical methods. This study aimed to determine the factors that associate serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers using ensemble machine learning methods and to demonstrate the magnitude and direction of the predictors using PFI and SHAP methods. The study employed Python 3 to apply various machine learning models, including LightGBM, CatBoost, XGBoost, AdaBoost, SVR, MLP, and MLR. The best models were selected using model evaluation metrics during the K-Fold cross-validation strategy. The LightGBM model (with RMSE: 0.1900 ± 0.0124; MAE: 0.1471 ± 0.0044; MAPE: 0.8027 ± 0.064 as the mean ± sd) and the SHAP method revealed that several factors, including pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), physical activity level (PAL), platelet distribution width, mid-upper arm circumference, systolic blood pressure, age, red cell distribution width, waist-to-hip ratio, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio, platelet count, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, red blood cells were associated with anti-HSP27, respectively. The study found that PAB and PAL were strongly associated with serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers, indicating a direct and indirect relationship, respectively. These findings can help improve our understanding of the factors that determine anti-HSP27 antibody titers and their potential role in disease development.
Dissipative dynamics of optomagnonic nonclassical features via anti-Stokes optical pulses: squeezing, blockade, anti-correlation, and entanglement
Authors: Ghasemian E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a feasible experimental model to investigate the generation and characterization of nonclassical states in a cavity optomagnonic system consisting of a ferromagnetic YIG sphere that simultaneously supports both the magnon mode and two whispering gallery modes of optical photons. The photons undergo the magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering, which is a well-established tool for the cavity-assisted manipulations of magnons as well as magnon spintronics. At first, we derive the desired interaction Hamiltonian under the influence of the anti-Stokes scattering process and then proceed to analyze the dynamical evolution of quantum statistics of photons and magnons as well as their intermodal entanglement. The results show that both photons and magnons generally acquire some nonclassical features, e.g., the strong antibunching and anti-correlation. Interestingly, the system may experience the perfect photon and magnon blockade phenomena, simultaneously. Besides, the nonclassical features may be protected against the unwanted environmental effects for a relatively long time, especially, in the weak driving field regime and when the system is initiated with a small number of particles. However, it should be noted that some fast quantum-classical transitions may occur in-between. Although the unwanted dissipative effects plague the nonclassical features, we show that this system can be adopted to prepare optomagnonic entangled states. The generation of entangled states depends on the initial state of the system and the interaction regime. The intermodal photon-magnon entanglement may be generated and pronounced, especially, if the system is initialized with low intensity even Schrödinger cat state in the strong coupling regime. The cavity-assisted manipulation of magnons is a unique and flexible mechanism that allows an interesting test bed for investigating the interdisciplinary contexts involving quantum optics and spintronics. Moreover, such a hybrid optomagnonic system may be used to design both on-demand single-photon and single-magnon sources and may find potential applications in quantum information processing.
Air quality prediction model based on mRMR–RF feature selection and ISSA–LSTM
Authors: Wu Huiyong , Yang Tongtong , Li Hongkun , Zhou Ziwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSevere air pollution poses a significant threat to public safety and human health. Predicting future air quality conditions is crucial for implementing pollution control measures and guiding residents' activity choices. However, traditional single-module machine learning models suffer from long training times and low prediction accuracy. To improve the accuracy of air quality forecasting, this paper proposes a ISSA–LSTM model-based approach for predicting the air quality index (AQI). The model consists of three main components: random forest (RF) and mRMR, improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA), and long short-term memory network (LSTM). Firstly, RF–mRMR is used to select the influential variables affecting AQI, thereby enhancing the model's performance. Next, ISSA algorithm is employed to optimize the hyperparameters of LSTM, further improving the model’s performance. Finally, LSTM model is utilized to predict AQI concentrations. Through comparative experiments, it is demonstrated that the ISSA–LSTM model outperforms other models in terms of RMSE and R2, exhibiting higher prediction accuracy. The model's predictive performance is validated across different time steps, demonstrating minimal prediction errors. Therefore, the ISSA–LSTM model is a viable and effective approach for accurately predicting AQI.
Immediate systemic neuroimmune responses following spinal mobilisation and manipulation in people with non-specific neck pain: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lutke Schipholt Ivo J. , Coppieters Michel W. , Reijm Martine , Bontkes Hetty J. , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolyne G. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpinal mobilisation/manipulation is a common intervention for spinal pain, yet the working mechanisms are largely unknown. A randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted to (1) compare the immediate neuroimmune responses following spinal mobilisation/manipulation and placebo spinal mobilisation/manipulation; (2) compare the immediate neuroimmune responses of those with a good outcome with those of a poor outcome following spinal mobilisation/manipulation; and (3) explore the association between neuroimmune responses and pain reduction. One hundred patients were randomly allocated to spinal mobilisation/manipulation or a placebo mobilisation/manipulation. Primary outcomes were whole blood in-vitro evoked released concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α measured 10 min and 2 h after the intervention. Immediate effects were studied because successful mobilisation/manipulation is often associated with immediate pain reduction, and immediate neuroimmune responses are less affected by potential confounders than long-term responses. Secondary outcomes included multiple systemic inflammatory marker concentrations, phenotypic analysis of white blood cells and clinical outcomes. Outcomes were compared between the experimental and placebo group, and between people with a good and poor outcome in the experimental group. Estimates of intervention effects were based on intention-to-treat analyses, by using linear mixed-effect models. Although there was a substantial difference in pain reduction between groups (mean (SD) difference visual analogue scale: 30 (21) mm at 10 min and 32 (21) mm at 2 h (p < 0.001) in favour of mobilisation/manipulation, there were no differences in primary outcomes between groups or between people with a good and poor outcome (p ≥ 0.10). In conclusion, possible neuroimmune responses following spinal mobilisations/manipulation cannot be identified at a systemic level. Future research may focus on longer treatment duration and more localised neuroimmune responses.
Thermal properties and mechanical behavior of hot pressed PEEK/graphite thin film laminate composites
Authors: Sariyev Bakytzhan , Abdikadyr Alina , Baitikenov Temirlan , Anuarbekov Yerbolat , Golman Boris , Spitas Christos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work studies high-performance laminate composite materials made of graphite and poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK). The main objective was to enhance graphite's inherent properties by the addition of PEEK to produce materials with improved thermal and mechanical stability for high-performance applications. The composites were fabricated using a hot press method at a temperature below 310 °C. The newly formed materials were then subjected to various tests, including Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, mechanical properties tests, nanoindentation tests, and X-Ray Diffraction to assess their structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Our findings showed a substantial interfacial interaction between PEEK and graphite, indicating successful composite formation. Both three-layered PEEK/graphite/PEEK (PGP) and five-layered PEEK/graphite/PEEK/graphite/PEEK (PG)2P composites exhibited superior thermal stability at high temperatures compared to neat PEEK. Moreover, our mechanical tests demonstrated a 172% increase in ultimate tensile strength of PGP compared to neat graphite. Additionally, nanoindentation tests confirmed an increase in both Young's modulus and hardness of composites. Furthermore, XRD analysis revealed a 35.5% increase in crystallinity in the fabricated composites compared to pristine PEEK. These findings significantly contribute to the field of high-performance composite materials, confirming that the hot pressing of PEEK and graphite sheets results in enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.
Using interpretable boosting algorithms for modeling environmental and agricultural data
Authors: Obster Fabian , Heumann Christian , Bohle Heidi , Pechan Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe describe how interpretable boosting algorithms based on ridge-regularized generalized linear models can be used to analyze high-dimensional environmental data. We illustrate this by using environmental, social, human and biophysical data to predict the financial vulnerability of farmers in Chile and Tunisia against climate hazards. We show how group structures can be considered and how interactions can be found in high-dimensional datasets using a novel 2-step boosting approach. The advantages and efficacy of the proposed method are shown and discussed. Results indicate that the presence of interaction effects only improves predictive power when included in two-step boosting. The most important variable in predicting all types of vulnerabilities are natural assets. Other important variables are the type of irrigation, economic assets and the presence of crop damage of near farms.