bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Traits of Boreal Species and Adaptation to Local Conditions
Authors: Klisz Marcin , Chakraborty Debojyoti , Cvjetković Branislav , Grabner Michael , Lintunen Anna , Mayer Konrad , George Jan-Peter , Rossi Sergio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpecies continuity under the harsh climatic conditions of the boreal forest requires trees to ensure the functioning of two main life processes, namely growth and reproduction. However, species survival becomes a challenge when environmental conditions become unstable and reach the taxa’s ecological tolerance limit. Survival in an unstable environment is possible through the concurring processes of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation; each process has its advantages and shortcomings. Local adaptation allows attaining the best possible fitness under conditions of limited gene flow and strong directional selection, leading to specific adaptations to the local environment; however, there is a risk of maladaptation when conditions suddenly change. In turn, phenotypic plasticity provides trees an advantage when weather events change rapidly and enables a response expressed by the production of different phenotypes by the same genotype. However, this process is expensive in terms of costs in maintenance and causes developmental instability within the individual. Boreal trees utilize both processes as reflected in variations in their functional traits within the same species. In this chapter, we address the main life processes, presenting the variability of functional traits of flowering and seed production, xylem conductivity, bud and cambium phenology, as well as transpiration and photosynthesis, as a consequence of the interaction of genotype and environment. We describe the practical consequences of a variation in functional traits, as expressed in chemical and mechanical wood properties. Finally, we outline applications and perspectives for managing boreal forests in a context of heterogeneous and changing environmental conditions.
Innovative Silviculture to Achieve Sustainable Forest Management in Boreal Forests: Lessons from Two Large-Scale Experiments
Authors: Girona Miguel Montoro , Moussaoui Louiza , Morin Hubert , Thiffault Nelson , Leduc Alain , Raymond Patricia , Bosé Arun , Bergeron Yves , Lussier Jean-Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClear-cutting has been the dominant harvesting method used in boreal forest silviculture. Reducing the potential negative effects of intensive forestry activities on ecosystems, e.g., the simplification and homogenization of stand structure, requires diversifying silvicultural practices to promote forest resilience in the face of climate change. Priority therefore lies in developing, evaluating, and adapting partial cutting as a potential silvicultural option for ensuring the sustainable management of boreal forests. In this chapter, we summarize the findings of two large-scale experiments conducted in Canadian boreal forests that tested new silvicultural approaches and explore their implications for forest management. We discuss the effects of these treatments on tree growth, tree mortality, regeneration, and biodiversity, and we examine the challenges of existing silvicultural approaches in the context of climate change.
Ecological Restoration of the Boreal Forest in Fennoscandia
Authors: Hjältén Joakim , Kouki Jari , Tolvanen Anne , Sjögren Jörgen , Versluijs Martijn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMixed-severity disturbances have historically shaped boreal forests, creating a dynamic mosaic landscape. In Fennoscandia, however, intensive even-aged forest management has simplified the forest landscape, threatening biodiversity. To safeguard this biodiversity, we therefore need to restore structural complexity in hitherto managed forests. Knowledge generated from relevant case studies on natural disturbance emulation–based ecological restoration suggests that prescribed burning positively affects many early-successional organisms. Gap cutting benefits some insects and wood fungi but has a limited effect on birds, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Restoration of deciduous forests appears to benefit light- and deciduous tree–associated insect species and some forest birds.
Governance in the Boreal Forest: What Role for Local and Indigenous Communities?
Authors: Teitelbaum Sara , Asselin Hugo , Bissonnette Jean-François , Blouin Denis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes key trends in boreal forest governance in the twenty-first century and implications for the engagement of local and Indigenous communities. By focusing on three global trends—internationalization, marketization, and decentralization—we highlight the evolving role of local and Indigenous communities in increasingly hybrid and multiscale governance arrangements. We present two case studies, community forests in Canada and Sami–industry collaborative planning in Sweden, to analyze the qualities of local governance initiatives and how they seek to transform conventional approaches to economic development and land-use practices according to the values and priorities of local and Indigenous communities.
Challenges for the Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest Under Climate Change
Authors: Girona Miguel Montoro , Aakala Tuomas , Aquilué Núria , Bélisle Annie-Claude , Chaste Emeline , Danneyrolles Victor , Díaz-Yáñez Olalla , D’Orangeville Loïc , Grosbois Guillaume , Hester Alison , Kim Sanghyun , Kulha Niko , Martin Maxence , Moussaoui Louiza , Pappas Christoforos , Portier Jeanne , Teitelbaum Sara , Tremblay Jean-Pierre , Svensson Johan , Versluijs Martijn , Wallgren Märtha , Wang Jiejie , Gauthier Sylvie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe increasing effects of climate and global change oblige ecosystem-based management to adapt forestry practices to deal with uncertainties. Here we provide an overview to identify the challenges facing the boreal forest under projected future change, including altered natural disturbance regimes, biodiversity loss, increased forest fragmentation, the rapid loss of old-growth forests, and the need to develop novel silvicultural approaches. We specifically address subjects previously lacking from the ecosystem-based management framework, e.g., Indigenous communities, social concerns, ecological restoration, and impacts on aquatic ecosystems. We conclude by providing recommendations for ensuring the successful long-term management of the boreal biome facing climate change.
Selected Examples of Interactions Between Natural Disturbances
Authors: Ruel Jean-Claude , Wermelinger Beat , Gauthier Sylvie , Burton Philip J. , Waldron Kaysandra , Shorohova Ekaterina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding natural disturbance regimes and their impacts is crucial in designing ecosystem management strategies. However, disturbances do not always occur in isolation; the occurrence of one disturbance influences the likelihood or the effect of another. In this chapter, we illustrate the importance of disturbance interactions by focusing on a subset of interactions present in different parts of the boreal forest. The selected interactions include insects and wind, insects and fire, and wind and fire. The potential consequences of climate change on these interactions are also discussed.
Ecological Classification in Forest Ecosystem Management: Links Between Current Practices and Future Climate Change in a Québec Case Study
Authors: Grondin Pierre , Brice Marie-Hélène , Boulanger Yan , Morneau Claude , Couillard Pierre-Luc , Richard Pierre J. H. , Chalumeau Aurélie , Poirier Véronique 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change is expected to profoundly impact boreal forests, ranging from changes in forest composition and productivity to modifications in disturbance regimes. These climate-induced changes represent a major challenge for forest ecosystem management, as information based on ecological classification may no longer provide a straightforward guide for attaining management goals in the future. In this chapter, we examine how climate change could influence the use of ecological classification and by what means this approach can continue to be relevant for guiding the ongoing development of management practices. We address these questions by first describing ecological classification, using the example of Québec’s classification system, and then showing its importance in forest ecosystem management. Using a forest landscape in Québec as a case study, we then look at how climate change could affect boreal forest ecosystems by presenting a detailed, multistep analysis that considers climate analogs, habitat suitability, and changes in forest composition. We show that at the end of the century, the vegetation of theAbies-Betulawestern subdomain will not change sufficiently to resemble that of its climate analog, currently located ~500 km to the south. Changes in fire frequency and severity could significantly modify forest dynamics and composition. Consequently, the potential vegetation and the successional pathways defined under the current climate could change and follow new successional trajectories. This possible reality forces us to question some fundamental aspects of ecological classification. However, we argue that ecological classification can still provide a valuable framework for future forest management, particularly in continuing to recognize the various types of ecosystems present along toposequences. Given the changes expected in forest vegetation composition and dynamics, future variability and uncertainty must be integrated into the current stable classification units and predictable successional trajectories of ecological classification.
Ocean Governance for Sustainability Transformation
Authors: Partelow Stefan , Hadjimichael Maria , Hornidge Anna-Katharina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapter focuses on selected key events, features and policies of ocean governance that have had, or are likely to be needed in transforming how and why we govern the ocean sustainably. In doing so we outline examples of prominent historical events, important thematic areas of global development, policy instruments and the principles of governance processes that can transform the way society engages with the ocean. However, we acknowledge that such an overview cannot fully capture all issues, particularly how each is differentiated at regional and local levels. Accordingly, we introduce globally relevant issues and general principles, which will require further inquiry to fully unpack at the relevant levels and scales for engaged students, researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. Thus, we provide an overview of these topics from a multi- and inter-disciplinary perspective, supported by up-to-date literature. This is followed by a brief explanation of how the chapters in the book are organized into three parts, and how each chapter contributes to the book’s content, including a final chapter that outlines the takeaway points for students, researchers and policy-makers in pursuing ocean governance for sustainability transformation.
Annotation als Markup avant la lettre
Authors: Meister Jan Christoph 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Texthermeneutik als dem für das traditionelle Selbstverständnis der Philologien wesentlichem Arbeitsbereich spielt der Einsatz digitaler Verfahren bislang kaum eine Rolle. Auch die genuin hermeneutischen Operationen des Erschließens, Verstehens und Interpretierens von Gegenständen lassen sich jedoch sinnvoll mit DH-Verfahren unterstützen. Einen wichtigen Ansatzpunkt bietet hier ein ambitionierteres Konzept von Markup, das jenseits der Praxis schemakonform-deklarativer Textauszeichnung auch die der diskursiven, hermeneutischen Textannotation in den Blick fasst. Aus der konzeptionellen Erweiterung resultieren dabei funktionale Anforderungen für die Implementierung in einer digitalen Arbeitsumgebung. Wie dies konkret umgesetzt werden kann demonstriert als 'proof of concept' die Webapplikation CATMA. - Die im Anhang beigefügte Sichtung und Evaluation von Annotationsplattformen wurde im Rahmen des DFG-LIS-Antrages forTEXT von Marco Petris erarbeitet.
Burrows’s Delta und Z-Score-Differenz im Netzwerkvergleich. Analysen zum Deutschen Novellenschatz von Paul Heyse und Hermann Kurz (1871–1876)
Authors: Weitin Thomas 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDas für die hermeneutisch ausgerichtete Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft zentrale Konzept der Ähnlichkeit erfährt durch das Methodenarsenal algorithmischer Textanalysen Veränderungen, die ihrerseits konzeptionell begriffen werden müssen. Dazu gehört zu untersuchen, wo und wie die quantitativen Ausprägungen von Ähnlichkeit und Differenz qualitativ kategorisierbar werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag modelliert mit diesem Ziel verschiedene Abstraktionsniveaus der Ähnlichkeit, die von der Unterscheidung zwischen lokaler und globaler Textähnlichkeit über die Korpusanalyse besonders distinktiver Wörter bis zur Frage nach der Interpretierbarkeit von Entropiewerten reichen.
Lieder als kollektive Texte. Digitale Verschriftung und populäre Philologie auf Genius
Authors: Nebrig Alexander 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungWurde mit dem Buchdruck die schriftliche Überlieferung von eigentlich mündlich tradierten Liedern intensiviert, so ging im Zuge der Digitalisierung die Überlieferung von Liedern endgültig in den Bereich schriftbasierter Medien über. Am Beispiel der Datenbank für populäre SongsGeniuswird die digitale Entstehung von literaturgeschichtlich signifikanten Lied-Korpora vorgestellt (Stand 2018), mit Praktiken der Verschriftung analoger Lied-Korpora um 1800 kontrastiert und hinsichtlich ihres kollektiven Charakters erörtert.
Stadtquartiere im Kontext von Migration und Integration. Herausforderungen für die Soziale Arbeit unter den Rahmenbedingungen einer zunehmend restriktiven Integrationspolitik
Authors: Streckeisen Peter 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag setzt sich mit der Bedeutung der heutigen Integrationspolitik für die Stadtentwicklung und die Quartierarbeit auseinander. Am Beispiel Basels wird die Integrationspolitik als Programm einer differenziellen Inklusion untersucht, welche zugewanderte Menschen in drei Kategorien einteilt und auf dieser Grundlage sehr unterschiedlich behandelt. Zugleich geraten die Stadtquartiere in den Fokus eines statistischen Monitorings mit Integrationsindikatoren, und der Quartierarbeit wird die Aufgabe zugewiesen, so genannte schwer erreichbare sozial benachteiligte Gruppen zu erreichen. Der Beitrag nennt Herausforderungen, mit denen Professionelle der Sozialen Arbeit sich bewusst auseinandersetzen müssen, damit ihre Tätigkeit nicht durch eine restriktive Integrationspolitik vereinnahmt wird. Die Bekämpfung sozialer Ungleichheiten sollte mit einer Anerkennung vielfältiger kultureller Praxen und Lebensstile verknüpft werden, um der doppelten Stigmatisierung auf der Basis von Klasse und Kultur zu begegnen.
Villain model with long-range couplings
Authors: Giachetti Guido , Defenu Nicolò , Ruffo Stefano , Trombettoni Andrea 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The nearest-neighbor Villain, or periodic Gaussian, model is a useful tool to understand the physics of the topological defects of the two-dimensional nearest-neighbor XY model, as the two models share the same symmetries and are in the same universality class. The long-range counterpart of the two-dimensional XY has been recently shown to exhibit a non-trivial critical behavior, with a complex phase diagram including a range of values of the power-law exponent of the couplings decay, σ, in which there are a magnetized, a disordered and a critical phase [1]. Here we address the issue of whether the critical behavior of the two-dimensional XY model with long-range couplings can be described by the Villain counterpart of the model. After introducing a suitable generalization of the Villain model with long-range couplings, we derive a set of renormalization-group equations for the vortex-vortex potential, which differs from the one of the long-range XY model, signaling that the decoupling of spin-waves and topological defects is no longer justified in this regime. The main results are that for σ < 2 the two models no longer share the same universality class. Remarkably, within a large region of its the phase diagram, the Villain model is found to behave similarly to the one-dimensional Ising model with 1/r2 interactions.
A detailed investigation of W+c-jet at the LHC
Authors: Czakon Michał , Mitov Alexander , Pellen Mathieu , Poncelet Rene 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
State-of-the-art analyses of W+c-jet production at the LHC require precise predictions. In the present work, we study in detail the impact of off-diagonal CKM elements up to next-to-next-to leading order in QCD, the influence of flavored jet algorithms, and the size of electroweak corrections. In addition, we also investigate phenomenological aspects related to the exact definition of the process. We find that all these effects can be of the order of several per cent for both the fiducial cross section and differential distributions. They are, therefore, very relevant for the interpretation of current and upcoming measurements.
Isospin-breaking corrections to light-meson leptonic decays from lattice simulations at physical quark masses
Authors: Boyle Peter , Di Carlo Matteo , Erben Felix , Gülpers Vera , Hansen Maxwell T. , Harris Tim , Hermansson-Truedsson Nils , Hodgson Raoul , Jüttner Andreas , hÓgáin Fionn Ó , Portelli Antonin , Richings James , Yong Andrew Zhen Ning 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The decreasing uncertainties in theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of several hadronic observables related to weak processes, which in many cases are now smaller than O(1%), require theoretical calculations to include subleading corrections that were neglected so far. Precise determinations of leptonic and semi-leptonic decay rates, including QED and strong isospin-breaking effects, can play a central role in solving the current tensions in the first-row unitarity of the CKM matrix. In this work we present the first RBC/UKQCD lattice calculation of the isospin-breaking corrections to the ratio of leptonic decay rates of kaons and pions into muons and neutrinos. The calculation is performed at fixed lattice spacing (a−1 ≃ 1.730 GeV) on a 483× 96 volume with Nf = 2 + 1 dynamical quarks close to the physical point and domain wall fermions in the Möbius formulation are employed. Long-distance QED interactions are included according to the QEDL prescription and the crucial role of finite-volume electromagnetic corrections in the determination of leptonic decay rates, which produce a large systematic uncertainty, is extensively discussed. Finally, we study the different sources of uncertainty on |Vus|/|Vud| and observe that, if finite-volume systematics can be reduced, the error from isospin-breaking corrections is potentially sub-dominant in the final precision of the ratio of the CKM matrix elements.
Chirurgische Notfälle während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Prokein Benjamin , Dau Michael , Mittlmeier Thomas , Schafmayer Clemens , Frerich Bernhard 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Innerhalb weniger Monate hatte sich COVID-19 weltweit verbreitet. Studien konnten zeigen, dass es in diesem Zusammenhang zu einem Rückgang ärztlicher Konsultationen kam. Vor dem Hintergrund neuer Diskussionen über erneute Einschränkungsmaßnahmen bei steigenden COVID-19-Fallzahlen, soll diese Studie die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf chirurgische Notfälle der Universitätsmedizin Rostock untersuchen und die Fallzahlen denen der Vorjahre gegenüberstellen.

Material und Methode
Ziel der Studie war es, die Fallzahlen der chirurgischen Notaufnahme der Universitätsmedizin Rostock im Zeitraum 2020 und 2021 denen der letzten beiden Vorjahre (2018, 2019) gegenüberzustellen. Weiterhin erfolgte die Untersuchung des Einflusses der COVID-19-Fallzahlen auf die Fallzahlen der Notaufnahme.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten die Daten von 74.936 Patientenfällen in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Es zeigte sich ein hochsignifikanter Rückgang der chirurgischen Notfälle während der COVID-19-Pandemie (p < 0,001). Diese zeigten eine hochsignifikante negative Korrelation mit den COVID-19-Fallzahlen (p < 0,001). Die Einschränkungen der Bundesregierung hatten direkten Einfluss sowohl auf die COVID-19-Fallzahlen als auch damit verbunden auf die Fallzahlen der Notaufnahme.

Schlussfolgerung
Es zeigte sich ein direkter Zusammenhang der COVID-19-Fallzahlen auf die Fallzahlen der chirurgischen Notaufnahme. Bei insgesamt schwieriger Personalplanung während einer Pandemie kann dies wichtige Hinweise für ein geeignetes Personalmanagement bei ähnlichen zukünftigen Ereignissen liefern.
Dermatoskopie nichtneoplastischer Erkrankungen auf dunkler Haut
Authors: Müller Christoph , Kittler Harald 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Dermatoskopie stellt ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel in der allgemeinen Dermatologie dar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es erfolgt die Darstellung von Unterschieden von heller und dunkler Haut in nichtneoplastischen Erkrankungen mit Fokus auf die Dermatoskopie.

Material und Methoden
Anhand von bisher publizierten Studien sollen dermatoskopische Unterschiede der unterschiedlichen Hauttypen sowie Merkmale von inflammatorischen Erkrankungen und Pigmentveränderungen erläutert werden.

Ergebnisse
Bestimmte Strukturen sind in der Dermatoskopie dunkler Haut schwieriger zu beurteilen (z. B. Gefäße), während sich andere Strukturen (z. B. Follikelöffnungen) prominenter darstellen.

Diskussion
Der Großteil der Studien zur Dermatoskopie stammt aus Studien, in denen vorwiegend Personen mit einem hellen Hauttyp inkludiert wurden. Weitere Studien mit Personen mit einem Hauttyp IV oder höher sind notwendig, um die Diagnostik in dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe zu verbessern.
The Legendre pseudorandom function as a multivariate quadratic cryptosystem: security and applications
Authors: Seres István András , Horváth Máté , Burcsi Péter 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Sequences of consecutive Legendre and Jacobi symbols as pseudorandom bit generators were proposed for cryptographic use in 1988. Major interest has been shown towards pseudorandom functions (PRF) recently, based on the Legendre and power residue symbols, due to their efficiency in the multi-party setting. The security of these PRFs is not known to be reducible to standard cryptographic assumptions. In this work, we show that key-recovery attacks against the Legendre PRF are equivalent to solving a specific family of multivariate quadratic (MQ) equation system over a finite prime field. This new perspective sheds some light on the complexity of key-recovery attacks against the Legendre PRF. We conduct algebraic cryptanalysis on the resulting MQ instance. We show that the currently known techniques and attacks fall short in solving these sparse quadratic equation systems. Furthermore, we build novel cryptographic applications of the Legendre PRF, e.g., verifiable random function and (verifiable) oblivious (programmable) PRFs.