bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing black hole exteriors and interiors using entanglement and complexity
Authors: Xu Wen-Bin , Wu Shao-Feng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Based on the AdS/CFT correspondence, we study how to reconstruct bulk spacetime metrics by various quantum information measures on the boundary field theories, which include entanglement entropy, mutual information, entanglement of purification, and computational complexity according to the proposals of complexity=volume 2.0 and complexity=generalized volume. We present several reconstruction methods, all of which are free of UV divergence and most of which are driven by the derivatives of the measures with respect to the boundary scales. We illustrate that the exterior and interior of a black hole can be reconstructed using the measures of spatial entanglement and time-evolved complexity, respectively. We find that these measures always probe the spacetime in a local way: reconstructing the bulk metric in different radial positions requires the information at different boundary scales. We also show that the reconstruction method using complexity=volume 2.0 is the simplest and has a certain strong locality.
Combining QED and QCD transverse-momentum resummation for W and Z boson production at hadron colliders
Authors: Autieri Andrea , Cieri Leandro , Ferrera Giancarlo , Sborlini German F. R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, we consider the transverse momentum (qT) distribution of W and Z bosons produced in hadronic collisions. We combine the qT resummation for QED and QCD radiation including the QED soft emissions from the W boson in the final state. In particular, we perform the resummation of enhanced logarithmic contributions due to soft and collinear emissions at next-to-leading accuracy in QED, leading-order accuracy for mixed QED-QCD and next-to-next-to-leading accuracy in QCD. In the small-qT region we consistently include in our results the next-to-next-to-leading order (i.e. two loops) QCD corrections and the next-to-leading order (i.e. one loop) electroweak corrections. The matching with the fixed-order calculation at large qT has been performed at next-to-leading order in QCD (i.e. at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_S^2\right) $$
O

α
S
2

) and at leading order in QED. We show numerical results for W and Z production at the Tevatron and the LHC. Finally, we consider the effect of combined QCD and QED resummation for the ratio of W and Z qT distributions, and we study the impact of the QED corrections providing an estimate of the corresponding perturbative uncertainties.
Circuit complexity for Carrollian Conformal (BMS) field theories
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Nandi Poulami 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We systematically explore the construction of Nielsen’s circuit complexity to a non-Lorentzian field theory keeping in mind its connection with flat holography. We consider a 2d boundary field theory dual to 3d asymptotically flat spacetimes with infinite-dimensional BMS3 as the asymptotic symmetry algebra. We compute the circuit complexity functional in two distinct ways. For the Virasoro group, the complexity functional resembles the geometric action on its co-adjoint orbit. Using the limiting approach on the relativistic results, we show that it is possible to write BMS complexity in terms of the geometric action on BMS co-adjoint orbit. However, the limiting approach fails to capture essential information about the conserved currents generating BMS supertranslations. Hence, we refine our analysis using the intrinsic approach. Here, we use only the symmetry transformations and group product laws of BMS to write the complexity functional. The refined analysis shows a richer structure than only the geometric action. Lastly, we extremize and solve the equations of motion (for a simple solution) in terms of the group paths and connect our results with available literature.
Neural embedding: learning the embedding of the manifold of physics data
Authors: Park Sang Eon , Harris Philip , Ostdiek Bryan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a method of embedding physics data manifolds with metric structure into lower dimensional spaces with simpler metrics, such as Euclidean and Hyperbolic spaces. We then demonstrate that it can be a powerful step in the data analysis pipeline for many applications. Using progressively more realistic simulated collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, we show that this embedding approach learns the underlying latent structure. With the notion of volume in Euclidean spaces, we provide for the first time a viable solution to quantifying the true search capability of model agnostic search algorithms in collider physics (i.e. anomaly detection). Finally, we discuss how the ideas presented in this paper can be employed to solve many practical challenges that require the extraction of physically meaningful representations from information in complex high dimensional datasets.
Stochastic Homogenization of Gaussian Fields on Random Media
Authors: Chiarini Leandro , Ruszel Wioletta M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study stochastic homogenization of non-homogeneous Gaussian free fields $$\Xi ^{g,\textbf{a}} $$

Ξ

g
,
a

and bi-Laplacian fields $$\Xi ^{b,\textbf{a}}$$

Ξ

b
,
a

. They can be characterized as follows: for $$f=\delta $$

f
=
δ

the solution u of $$\nabla \cdot \textbf{a} \nabla u =f$$

∇
·
a
∇
u
=
f

, $$\textbf{a}$$
a
is a uniformly elliptic random environment, is the covariance of $$\Xi ^{g,\textbf{a}}$$

Ξ

g
,
a

. When f is the white noise, the field $$\Xi ^{b,\textbf{a}}$$

Ξ

b
,
a

can be viewed as the distributional solution of the same elliptic equation. Our results characterize the scaling limit of such fields on both, a sufficiently regular domain $$D\subset \mathbb {R}^d$$

D
⊂

R

d

, or on the discrete torus. Based on stochastic homogenization techniques applied to the eigenfunction basis of the Laplace operator $$\Delta $$
Δ
, we will show that such families of fields converge to an appropriate multiple of the GFF resp. bi-Laplacian. The limiting fields are determined by their respective homogenized operator $${{\,\mathrm{\bar{\textbf{a}}}\,}}\Delta $$

a

¯

Δ

, with constant $${{\,\mathrm{\bar{\textbf{a}}}\,}}$$

a

¯

depending on the law of the environment $$\textbf{a}$$
a
. The proofs are based on the results found in Armstrong et al. (in: Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019) and Gloria et al. (ESAIM Math Model Numer Anal 48(2):325-346, 2014).
Entlassung von Frühgeborenen mit liegender Magensonde
Authors: Krasnitzer-Leitner Franziska , Wald Martin , Hofstätter Edda 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine komplett selbstständige Nahrungsaufnahme wird bei Frühgeborenen i. Allg. als Voraussetzung für die Entlassung aus dem Krankenhaus angesehen. Die Anforderung, vor der Entlassung das Trinken zu erlernen, stellt eine (übermäßige) Belastung für das Kind, die Eltern und die Familie dar und ist für das Gesundheitssystem mit hohen Kosten verbunden.

Fragestellung
Welche strukturellen Voraussetzungen sind für eine frühzeitige Entlassung eines Frühgeborenen mit einer Ernährungssonde erforderlich?

Material und Methode
Auswertung von klinischen Untersuchungen, Analyse internationaler Richtlinien und Diskussion von Expertenempfehlungen.

Ergebnisse
Eine gut vorbereitete Entlassung des Frühgeborenen mit liegender Magensonde verkürzt den Klinikaufenthalt um Tage bis Wochen. Mit entsprechender Nachbetreuung durch eine spezialisierte mobile Frühgeborenenversorgung ist die Verweildauer der Magensonde mit 2 bis 3 Wochen überschaubar und die Gewichtsentwicklung altersentsprechend.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine liegende Magensonde ist für Frühgeborene kein prinzipielles Entlassungshindernis. Ein begleitendes Case Management, eine fundierte Still- und Laktationsberatung sowie eine auf Frühgeborene spezialisierte mobile Kinderkrankenpflege sind erforderlich, um die für alle Beteiligten erfolgreiche Entlassung eines Frühgeborenen mit liegender Magensonde zu ermöglichen.
Selecting sensitive web info via conditional probabilities to model economics and financial variables
Authors: Monaco Andrea , Perrotta Adamaria , Mulligan Joseph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a methodology to identify relationships between web data and social/economic variables, such as inflation. Our method enables the selection of relevant time series from a large data sample by employing a criterion based on a few hypotheses regarding their dynamics. Specifically, we examine the correlation between web activities and the dynamics of two macroeconomic variables: the unemployment rate and US automotive sales. We demonstrate how changes in the search volume of specific keywords, as measured by corresponding Google Trends data, are reflected in the underlying dynamics of these variables. The findings presented in this paper, along with the versatility of our approach, suggest the potential extension of this study to other economic variables.
Developmental brain lipidomics is influenced by postnatal chlorpyrifos exposure and APOE genetic background in mice
Authors: Guardia-Escote Laia , Biosca-Brull Judit , Cabré Maria , Blanco Jordi , Mladenova-Koleva Mikaela , Basaure Pia , Pérez-Fernández Cristian , Sánchez-Santed Fernando , Domingo José L. , Colomina Maria Teresa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLipids are a major component of the brain, and are involved in structural and neurodevelopmental processes such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and signaling. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the main lipoprotein involved in lipid transport in the brain. The apoE isoforms can determine vulnerability to the toxic effects of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), which can interfere with normal neurodevelopment. We aimed to study the effects of postnatal exposure to CPF and of the APOE genotype on the lipid composition of the brain at early ages. For it, we used apoE3 and apoE4 targeted-replacement (TR) male mice, as well as wild-type C57BL/6. The mice were orally exposed to 1 mg/kg/day of CPF on postnatal days 10–15 and, four hours after the treatment, we obtained samples to assess the cerebral lipid composition. Differences between APOE genotypes were found in the cerebral lipid profile in the postnatal period. ApoE4-TR mice exhibited higher lipid concentrations compared to the other groups in most of the cases. CPF exposure led to a decrease in cholesteryl ester and triglyceride concentrations, while modulating the levels of phosphatidylcholine species based on the apoE isoform. Specifically, CPF treatment decreased the concentration of some species of this lipid (PC30:0, PC31:0, PC32:2, PC36:5, PC40:4 and PC40:5) in C57BL/6 mice exposed to CPF, increased (PC31:0 and PC37:6) in apoE3-TR exposed mice while exposed apoE4-TR mice remained unaltered. These results provide further insights into the lipid composition of the brain at early ages, and how it can be modulated by environmental and genetic factors.
Towards a microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay—biocompatibility study and steroid detection on a thiol-ene-based chip
Authors: Despicht Caroline , Munkboel Cecilie H. , Chou Hua Nee , Ertl Peter , Rothbauer Mario , Kutter Jörg P. , Styrishave Bjarne , Kretschmann Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of cell-based microfluidic assays offers exciting new opportunities in toxicity testing, allowing for integration of new functionalities, automation, and high throughput in comparison to traditional well-plate assays. As endocrine disruption caused by environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals represents a growing global health burden, the purpose of the current study was to contribute towards the miniaturization of the H295R steroidogenesis assay, from the well-plate to the microfluidic format. Microfluidic chip fabrication with the established well-plate material polystyrene (PS) is expensive and complicated; PDMS and thiol-ene were therefore tested as potential chip materials for microfluidic H295R cell culture, and evaluated in terms of cell attachment, cell viability, and steroid synthesis in the absence and presence of collagen surface modification. Additionally, spike-recovery experiments were performed, to investigate potential steroid adsorption to chip materials. Cell aggregation with poor steroid recoveries was observed for PDMS, while cells formed monolayer cultures on the thiol-ene chip material, with cell viability and steroid synthesis comparable to cells grown on a PS surface. As thiol-ene overall displayed more favorable properties for H295R cell culture, a microfluidic chip design and corresponding cell seeding procedure were successfully developed, achieving repeatable and uniform cell distribution in microfluidic channels. Finally, H295R perfusion culture on thiol-ene chips was investigated at different flow rates (20, 10, and 2.5 µL/min), and 13 steroids were detected in eluting cell medium over 48 h at the lowest flow rate. The presented work and results pave the way for a time-resolved microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay.
Graphical abstract
Can we skip technetium-99 m sestamibi scintigraphy in pediatric primary hyperparathyroidism patients with positive neck ultrasound results?
Authors: He Yudi , Luo Yanwen , Jin Siqi , Wang Ou , Liao Quan , Zhu Qingli , Liu He 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Parathyroidectomy is the only curative treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Ultrasound (US) and technetium-99 m sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy are recommended as the first-line localization imaging modalities for PHPT in adults, but the value of preoperative imaging in pediatric patients has not been reported.

Objective
To evaluate the added value of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in pediatric PHPT patients with positive ultrasound results.

Materials and methods
Pediatric patients (≤18 years old) who were diagnosed with PHPT and underwent surgical treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2003 and January 2021 were included in this study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, preoperative localization US, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and pathology results were collected. Preoperative localization results were evaluated by comparison with surgical and pathological findings.

Results
There were 32 pediatric PHPT patients with median age of 14.7 ± 2.5 years who all proved to have single-gland disease without ectopic lesions. The median lesion size was 2.85 cm (range 1.0–5.8 cm). All patients underwent US and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. Neck US demonstrated 100% sensitivity. Of 32 patients with a positive US, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy was concordant in 30 (93.8%). In 2 patients (6.3%), US reported suspected multigland disease, which was correctly diagnosed by 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy as single lesions.

Conclusion
In pediatric PHPT patients, US achieved high sensitivity for preoperative localization. 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy for pediatric patients with positive US results would not increase the sensitivity. Implementation of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy could increase the specificity in pediatric patients with multigland disease suspected by US.

Graphical abstract
Association between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection in blood donors of Puglia region
Authors: Sticchi Damiani Alessia , Zizza Antonella , Banchelli Federico , Gigante Maddalena , De Feo Maria Lucia , Ostuni Angelo , Marinelli Valerio , Quagnano Serena , Negro Pierpaolo , Di Renzo Nicola , Guido Marcello ,   The Seroprevalence COVID Blood Donors Study Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis is an observational multicentric cross-sectional study aiming at assessing the association between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the blood donors in Puglia region. Data on ABO and Rh blood groups and demographic characteristics were obtained from Blood Bank Information System. All donors were screened for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Comparison of seroprevalence among blood groups and the association between the recorded variables and seroprevalence were evaluated. A total of 35,709 donors from 22 centers were included, with a seroprevalence of 6.8%. The distribution of ABO phenotypes was blood type O (46.8%), A (34.0%), B (14.7%), and AB (4.5%). Among the 2416 donors reactive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, the prevalent phenotype was blood type O (43.1%), followed by A (37.7%), B (14.2%), and AB (5%). The seroprevalence of phenotype A and AB was 7.5%, followed by B (6.5%) and O (6.2%). According to the adjusted analysis, there was an increase in seroprevalence in groups A and AB, compared to group O, and an increase in males compared to females. A possible effect modification was observed after stratifying for sex (p = 0.0515). A significantly lower prevalence of blood type O was found compared to A and AB, whereas no association was observed between Rh factor and seroprevalence. We hypothesized that the A antigen present in blood type A and AB can play a role in the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptors, resulting in an increased risk of infection. Furthermore, natural anti-A/anti-B antibodies produced in group O could block viral adhesion to cells and explain a lower risk of infection.
Laparoscopic versus robotic abdominal and pelvic surgery: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Kawka Michal , Fong Yuman , Gall Tamara M. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The current evidence is inconclusive on whether robotic or laparoscopic surgery is the optimal platform for minimally invasive surgery. Existing comparisons techniques focus on short-term outcomes only, while potentially being confounded by a lack of standardisation in robotic procedures. There is a pertinent need for an up-to-date comparison between minimally invasive surgical techniques. We aimed to systematically review randomised controlled trials comparing robotic and laparoscopic techniques in major surgery.

Methods
Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to 13th September 2022. Included studies were randomised controlled trials comparing robotic and laparoscopic techniques in abdominal and pelvic surgery. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Short-term, health-related quality of life, and long-term, outcomes were analysed.

Results
Forty-five studies, across thirteen procedures, involving 7364 patients were included. All of the studies reported non-significant differences in mortality between robotic and laparoscopic surgery. In majority of studies, there was no significant difference in complication rate (n = 31/35, 85.6%), length of postoperative stay (n = 27/32, 84.4%), and conversion rate (n = 15/18, 83.3%). Laparoscopic surgery was associated with shorter operative time (n = 16/31, 51.6%) and lower total cost (n = 11/13, 84.6%). Twenty three studies reported on quality of life outcomes; majority (n = 14/23, 60.9%) found no significant differences.

Conclusion
There were no significant differences between robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery with regards to mortality and morbidity outcomes in the majority of studies. Robotic surgery was frequently associated with longer operative times and higher overall cost. Selected studies found potential benefits in post-operative recovery time, and patient-reported outcomes; however, these were not consistent across procedures and trials, with most studies being underpowered to detect differences in secondary outcomes. Future research should focus on assessing quality of life, and long-term outcomes to further elucidate where the robotic platform could lead to patient benefits, as the technology evolves.
The optimal treatment of type II and III odontoid fractures in the elderly: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Huybregts Jeroen G. J. , Barot Karma A. , Recio Camila , Doucette Joanne , Mekary Rania A. , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeOdontoid fractures are the most common cervical spine fractures in the elderly, with a controversial optimal treatment. The objective of this review was to compare the outcome of surgical and conservative treatments in elderly (≥ 65 years), by updating a systematic review published by the authors in 2013.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in seven databases. Clinical outcome was the primary outcome. Fracture union- and stability were secondary outcomes. Pooled point estimates and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived using the random-effects model. A random-effects multivariable meta-regression model was used to correct for baseline co-variates when sufficiently reported.ResultsForty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, of which forty were case series and one a cohort study. No clinical differences in outcomes including the Neck Disability Index (NDI, 700 patients), Visual Analogue Scale pain (VAS, 180 patients), and Smiley-Webster Scale (SWS, 231 patients) scores were identified between surgical and conservative treatments. However, fracture union was higher in surgically treated patients (pooled incidence 72.7%, 95% CI 66.1%, 78.5%, 31 studies, 988 patients) than in conservatively treated patients (40.2%, 95% CI 32.0%, 49.0%, 22 studies, 912 patients). This difference remained after correcting for age and fracture type. Fracture stability (41 studies, 1917 patients), although numerically favoring surgery, did not appear to differ between treatment groups.ConclusionWhile surgically treated patients showed higher union rates than conservatively treated patients, no clinically relevant differences were observed in NDI, VAS pain, and SWS scores and stability rates. These results need to be further confirmed in well-designed comparative studies with proper adjustment for confounding, such as age, fracture characteristics, and osteoporosis degree.
Privacy-preserving continuous authentication using behavioral biometrics
Authors: Baig Ahmed Fraz , Eskeland Sigurd , Yang Bian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContinuous authentication modalities collect and utilize users’ sensitive data to authenticate them continuously. Such data contain information about user activities, behaviors, and other demographic information, which causes privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose two privacy-preserving protocols that enable continuous authentication while preventing the disclosure of user-sensitive information to an authentication server. We utilize homomorphic cryptographic primitives that protect the privacy of biometric features with an oblivious transfer protocol that enables privacy-preserving information retrieval. We performed the biometric evaluation of the proposed protocols on two datasets, a swipe gesture dataset and a keystroke dynamics dataset. The biometric evaluation shows that the protocols have very good performance. The execution time of the protocols is measured by considering continuous authentication using: only swipe gestures, keystroke dynamics, and hybrid modalities. The execution time proves the protocols are very efficient, even on high-security levels.