bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the safety of piperacillin‐tazobactam extended infusion in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Riggsbee Daniel , Engdahl Samantha , Pettit Rebecca S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cystic fibrosis (CF) may be treated with piperacillin‐tazobactam (PZT) for acute pulmonary exacerbations. Extending the infusion of PZT is one strategy to increase efficacy. Direct comparison, with respect to the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), between these two strategies has not been evaluated in pediatric patients with CF. The primary objective of this study was to compare the incidence of AKI in pediatric CF patients receiving extended infusion (EI) PZT versus traditional infusion (TI).MethodsThis IRB‐approved, retrospective analysis included patients ages 30 days to 18 years that received PZT for at least 48 h between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2020. PZT was infused over 30 min (TI group) or 4 h (EI group).ResultsTwo hundred and four patients were included (TI: 109, EI: 95). Median age was 8 years (4–13) and 7 years (3–12) in the TI and EI groups (p = 0.15). The groups did not differ significantly in their baseline characteristics. There were 12 (11%) AKIs in the TI group and 8 (8.4%) in the EI group (p = 0.53). There was one occurrence of serum sickness in the TI group and none in the EI group. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was similar between the two groups. Median treatment duration was 8 days (5–11) and 9 days (5–13) for the TI and EI groups, respectively (p = 0.24).ConclusionsThere was no significant increase in AKI in pediatric patients with CF receiving PZT by EI compared with TI. EI may be utilized to optimize the pharmacokinetics of PZT in pediatric CF patients.
Functional capacity and quality of life in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Silva Jonathan L. da , Soares Bruno A. , Silva Jaksoel C. , Blum Patrícia B. , Reimberg Mariana M. , Corso Simone Dal , Lanza Fernanda C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the functional and exercise capacity, lung function, quality of life of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA HbSS) and to test the reproducibility of functional capacity tests in this population.MethodCross‐sectional study with volunteers with SCA Hb‐SS (SCAG), aged 6–18 years matched in age and gender to the control group (CG) with healthy individuals. Spirometry, 5‐repetition sit‐to‐stand test (5STS‐test), modified shuttle test (MST), and Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (PedsQL) were performed. The reproducibility of 5STS‐test and MST was evaluated:ResultsForty eight volunteers of SCAG and 48 of CG were evaluated. Lung function of SCAG (FVC: 92 ± 15% pred.; FEV1/FVC: 84 ± 8% pred.) was worse than the CG (104 ± 15% pred.; FEV1/FVC: 90 ± 6% pred.) p < 0.05. SCAG had worse functional capacity registered by distance walked: 576 m (515–672 m) and 5STS‐test: 8 s (7.4–8.9 s) compared with the CG who showed distance walked: 1010 m (887–1219 m) and 5STS‐test: 7 s (7.0–8.1 s), p < 0.001. SCAG had worse quality of life compared to CG, p < 0.05. The reproducibility of MST (ICC 0.99 (0.98–0.99 IC‐95%)) and 5STS‐test (ICC 0.80 (0.69–0.88) was considered good, p < 0.001.ConclusionChildren and adolescents with sickle cell anemia presented worse capacity to walk or run, and to perform sit‐to‐stand test when compared with their control peers. Additionally, they have poorer quality of life. The MST and 5STS‐test showed good reproducibility to be applied in pediatric individuals with SCA.
The use of DXA for early detection of pediatric cystic fibrosis‐related bone disease
Authors: Chadwick Christina , Arcinas Renallie , Ham Melissa , Huang Rong , Hunter Stacie , Mehta Megha , Sharma Preeti , Varghese Prigi Anu , Williams Kelli , Troendle David M. , Sathe Meghana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF)‐related bone disease (CFBD) is seen in adults and can be associated with respiratory illness and malnutrition. There is limited and conflicting data regarding CFBD in pediatric CF. With longer life expectancy and promotion of disease prevention, pediatric CFBD demands further investigation.MethodsOur center initiated a quality improvement (QI) project from April 2016 to December 2018 to improve CFBD screening in patients 8 years or older, per current CF Foundation (CFF) guidelines. Our team formulated a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan algorithm based upon degree of bone mineral density (BMD); shared CFBD guideline recommendations in our quarterly newsletter; and ordered scans for eligible patients at weekly review meetings. We reviewed DXA results from 141 patients after institutional review board approval and gathered data including comorbidities, genetics, anthropometric measures, medication exposure, and relevant serum studies.ResultsFifty‐three percent of our patients had normal BMD (n = 75). Seventeen patients (12%) had a Z score ≤ −2. Patients with lower BMD also had lower mean forced expiratory volume (FEV1) percent predicted (FEV1%) (p < 0.001) as well as lower body mass index % (p = 0.001). Patients with lower BMD were overall older at time of DXA (p = 0.016). During study duration, 13 patients who had abnormal DXA results underwent repeat DXAs after physical therapy; 11 of the 13 showed improvement in DXA results.ConclusionsA DXA scan is a useful screening tool and can be used to identify pediatric patients who could benefit from further therapy and interventions to preserve adequate bone health and avoid further loss. QI initiatives can lead to improved screening and diagnosis and earlier intervention such as physical therapy. Further studies are needed to better understand the utility of physical therapy in children with CF.
Atomic Origins of Enhanced Ferroelectricity in Nanocolumnar PbTiO3/PbO Composite Thin Films
Authors: Li Mengsha , Chen Pingfan , Zhang Yingli , Zhang Yuan , Liu Zhenghao , Tang Chunhua , Chung Jing Yang , Gu Mingqiang , Li Junxue , Huang Zhen , Chow Gan Moog , Li Changjian , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanocomposite films hold great promise for multifunctional devices by integrating different functionalities within a single film. The microstructure of the precipitate/secondary phase is an essential element in designing composites’ properties. The interphase strain between the matrix and secondary phase is responsible for strain‐mediated functionalities, such as magnetoelectric coupling and ferroelectricity. However, a quantitative microstructure‐dependent interphase strain characterization has been scarcely studied. Here, it is demonstrated that the PbTiO3(PTO)/PbO composite system can be prepared in nano‐spherical and nanocolumnar configurations by tuning the misfit strain, confirmed by a three‐dimensional reconstructive microscopy technique. With the atomic resolution quantitative microscopy with a depth resolution of a few nanometers, it is discovered that the strained region in PTO is much larger and more uniform in nanocolumnar compared to nano‐spherical composites, resulting in much enhanced ferroelectric properties. The interphase strain between PbO and PTO in the nanocolumnar structure leads to a giant c/a ratio of 1.20 (bulk value of 1.06), accompanied by a Ti polarization displacement of 0.48 Å and an effective ferroelectric polarization of 241.7 µC cm−2, three times compared to the bulk value. The quantitative atomic‐scale strain and polarization analysis on the interphase strain provides an important guideline for designing ferroelectric nanocomposites.
Using a run time assurance approach for certifying autonomy within naval aviation
Authors: Costello Donald , Xu Huan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe methods and procedures within United States naval aviation to certify an aircraft safe for flight are well established. However, these methods and procedures are based on clearing a system that is operated or monitored by a human. A fully autonomous system will not have a human in or on the loop and will therefore require a new method for certifying it safe for flight. This paper details how to use run time assurance as the framework for a safety of flight certification of autonomous behavior within United States naval aviation. We present an aerial refueling task with run time assurance as use case for the framework for certification. Within the use case we then give more details on the mechanics of using RTA to enable autonomous functionality within naval aviation.
A New SMO for Speed Estimation of Sensorless Induction Motor Drives at Zero and Low Speed
Authors: Che Haijun , Tao Yangyang , Yang Jingming , Zhao Zitong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA novel sliding mode observer for speed estimation in sensorless induction motor drives at zero and low speed is proposed in this paper. First, aiming at the poor stability when the induction motor runs at low speed, analyze the reasons of the poor stability and a new feedback gains design method is proposed. Second, for the problem of ignored flux error in speed estimation which cause speed error at low speed, a new compensation method is put forward, which can improve the accuracy of speed estimation in the dynamic and steady state of the system. Meanwhile, a continuous function is given which can replace sign, to restrain the chattering problem of sliding mode observer. Detailed simulation results are given showing the operation at zero and low speed, the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed sliding mode observer. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Pathogenesis mechanisms of phytopathogen effectors
Authors: Sun Lifan , Wu Xiaoyun , Diao Jian , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlants commonly face the threat of invasion by a wide variety of pathogens and have developed sophisticated immune mechanisms to defend against infectious diseases. However, successful pathogens have evolved diverse mechanisms to overcome host immunity and cause diseases. Different cell structures and unique cellular organelles carried by plant cells endow plant‐specific defense mechanisms, in addition to the common framework of innate immune system shared by both plants and animals. Effectors serve as crucial virulence weapons employed by phytopathogens to disarm the plant immune system and promote infection. Here we summarized the many diverse strategies by which phytopathogen effectors overcome plant defense and prospected future perspectives.This article is categorized under:
Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Sincov’s and other functional equations and negative interest rates
Authors: Kiss Gergely , Schwaiger Jens 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInvestigating the future value F(K, s, t) of a capital K invested between dates s and t, the “natural” condition $$F(K,s,t)\ge K$$

F
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K
,
s
,
t
)
≥
K

has lost its naturality because of the strange fact of negative interest rates. This leads to the task of describing the possible solutions of the multiplicative Sincov equation $$f(s,u)=f(s,t)f(t,u)$$

f
(
s
,
u
)
=
f
(
s
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f
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t
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)

for $$s\le t\le u$$

s
≤
t
≤
u

where $$f(s,t)=0$$

f
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s
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t
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=
0

may happen. In this paper we solve this task and discuss connections to the theory of investments.
Combination strategy for consistent final, rapid and predicted Earth rotation parameters
Authors: Kehm Alexander , Hellmers Hendrik , Bloßfeld Mathis , Dill Robert , Angermann Detlef , Seitz Florian , Hugentobler Urs , Dobslaw Henryk , Thomas Maik , Thaller Daniela , Böhm Johannes , Schönemann Erik , Mayer Volker , Springer Tim , Otten Michiel , Bruni Sara , Enderle Werner 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe accurate knowledge of the Earth’s orientation and rotation in space is essential for a broad variety of scientific and societal applications. Among others, these include global positioning, near-Earth and deep-space navigation, the realisation of precise reference and time systems as well as studies of geodynamics and global change phenomena. In this paper, we present a refined strategy for processing and combining Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) observations at the normal equation level and formulate recommendations for a consistent processing of the space-geodetic input data. Based on the developed strategy, we determine final and rapid Earth rotation parameter (ERP) solutions with low latency that also serve as the basis for a subsequent prediction of ERPs involving effective angular momentum data. Realising final ERPs on an accuracy level comparable to the final ERP benchmark solutions IERS 14C04 and JPL COMB2018, our strategy allows to enhance the consistency between final, rapid and predicted ERPs in terms of RMS differences by up to 50% compared to existing solutions. The findings of the study thus support the ambitious goals of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) in providing highly accurate and consistent time series of geodetic parameters for science and applications.
The impact of HLA polymorphism on herpesvirus infection and disease
Authors: Palmer William H. , Norman Paul J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are cell surface molecules, central in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses, that are targets of strong diversifying natural selection by pathogens. Of these pathogens, human herpesviruses have a uniquely ancient relationship with our species, where coevolution likely has reciprocating impact on HLA and viral genomic diversity. Consistent with this notion, genetic variation at multiple HLA loci is strongly associated with modulating immunity to herpesvirus infection. Here, we synthesize published genetic associations of HLA with herpesvirus infection and disease, both from case/control and genome-wide association studies. We analyze genetic associations across the eight human herpesviruses and identify HLA alleles that are associated with diverse herpesvirus-related phenotypes. We find that whereas most HLA genetic associations are virus- or disease-specific, HLA-A*01 and HLA-A*02 allotypes may be more generally associated with immune susceptibility and control, respectively, across multiple herpesviruses. Connecting genetic association data with functional corroboration, we discuss mechanisms by which diverse HLA and cognate receptor allotypes direct variable immune responses during herpesvirus infection and pathogenesis. Together, this review examines the complexity of HLA-herpesvirus interactions driven by differential T cell and Natural Killer cell immune responses.
Prediction of recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hahn Stephan , Körber Sabine , Gerber Bernd , Stubert Johannes 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Women after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk for development of GDM recurrence. It was the aim of our study to evaluate factors for prediction of risk of recurrence.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study we included 159 women with GDM and a subsequent pregnancy. Putative risk factors for GDM recurrence were analyzed by logistic regression models. Results were compared to a cohort of age-matched women without GDM as controls (n = 318).

Results
The overall risk of GDM recurrence was 72.3% (115/159). Risk factors of recurrence were a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 before the index pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 2.8 [95% CI 1.3–6.2], p = 0,008), a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 before the subsequent pregnancy (OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.3–5.8]. p = 0.008), a positive family history (OR 4.3 [95% CI 1.2–15.4], p = 0.016) and insulin treatment during the index pregnancy (OR 2.3 [95% CI 1.1–4.6], p = 0.023). Delivery by caesarean section (index pregnancy) was of borderline significance (OR 2.2 [95% CI 0.9–5.2], p = 0.069). Interpregnancy weight gain, excessive weight gain during the index pregnancy and fetal outcome where not predictive for GDM recurrence. Neonates after GDM revealed a higher frequency of transfer to intensive care unit compared to healthy controls (OR 2.3 [95% CI 1.1–4.6], p = 0.0225). The best combined risk model for prediction of GDM recurrence including positive family history and a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 before the subsequent pregnancy revealed moderate test characteristics (positive likelihood ratio 7.8 [95% CI 1.1–54.7] and negative likelihood ratio 0.7 [95% CI 0.6–0.9]) with a positive predictive value of 96.6% in our cohort.

Conclusions
A positive family history of diabetes mellitus in combination with overweight or obesity were strongly associated with recurrence of a GDM in the subsequent pregnancy. Normalization of the pregravid BMI should be an effective approach for reducing the risk of GDM recurrence.
Patients’ perception of changes and consequences after tumor resection
Authors: Trost Carmen , Heisinger Stephan , Funovics Philipp T. , Windhager Reinhard , Hobusch Gerhard M. , Stamm Tanja 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and consequences of surgical treatment of patients with musculoskeletal malignancies on everyday life.

Methods
A modified form of grounded theory was used for data collection and analysis. Data collection was systematic and analyzed simultaneously and 16 interviews were conducted: 2 narrative, 11 guided and 3 expert interviews (surgeon, physical therapist, support group). Data collection and analysis alternated until no new codes could be found. Once theoretical saturation was achieved, the main category was formed and described using the literature.

Results
The main category results from the combination of all categories and leads to the core category. In the center is the affected person and in the immediate environment are the patient’s relatives/partners. In the next instance the primary care physician is necessary to establish a sense of normalcy. This depends on the individuality of the person and the restored possibilities of movement.

Conclusion
Based on the results, the necessity of implementing psychosocial care involving the social environment is shown. The importance of relatives/partners for recovery is emphasized. Furthermore, the communication between the specialists and family physicians should be simplified.
Georg Schmorl prize of the German spine society (DWG) 2022: current treatment for inpatients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures—results of the EOFTT study
Authors: Ullrich Bernhard W. , Schenk Philipp , Scheyerer Max J. , Bäumlein Martin , Katscher Sebastian , Schnake Klaus J. , Zimmermann Volker , Schwarz Falko , Schmeiser Gregor , Scherer Michael , Müller Michael , Sprengel Kai , Osterhoff Georg , Liepold Katja , Schramm Simon , Baron Christopher , Siekmann Holger , Franck Alexander , Isik N. , Klauke Friederike , Spiegl Ulrich J. A. ,   Working Group Osteoporotic Fractures of the Spine Section of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aim
Osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures are of increasing importance. To identify the optimal treatment strategy this multicentre prospective cohort study was performed.

Purpose
Patients suffering from osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures were included. Excluded were tumour diseases, infections and limb fractures. Age, sex, trauma mechanism, OF classification, OF-score, treatment strategy, pain condition and mobilization were analysed.

Methods
A total of 518 patients’ aged 75 ± 10 (41–97) years were included in 17 centre. A total of 174 patients were treated conservatively, and 344 were treated surgically, of whom 310 (90%) received minimally invasive treatment. An increase in the OF classification was associated with an increase in both the likelihood of surgery and the surgical invasiveness.

Results
Five (3%) complications occurred during conservative treatment, and 46 (13%) occurred in the surgically treated patients. 4 surgical site infections and 2 mechanical failures requested revision surgery. At discharge pain improved significantly from a visual analogue scale score of 7.7 (surgical) and 6.0 (conservative) to a score of 4 in both groups (p < 0.001). Over the course of treatment, mobility improved significantly (p = 0.001), with a significantly stronger (p = 0.007) improvement in the surgically treated patients.

Conclusion
Fracture severity according to the OF classification is significantly correlated with higher surgery rates and higher invasiveness of surgery. The most commonly used surgical strategy was minimally invasive short-segmental hybrid stabilization followed by kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty. Despite the worse clinical conditions of the surgically treated patients both conservative and surgical treatment led to an improved pain situation and mobility during the inpatient stay to nearly the same level for both treatments.
Anti-dementia drugs: a descriptive study of the prescription pattern in Italy
Authors: Ippoliti Ilaria , Ancidoni Antonio , Da Cas Roberto , Pierantozzi Andrea , Vanacore Nicola , Trotta Francesco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and memantine are currently the only anti-dementia drugs (ADDs) approved for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Italy. This nationwide study aims to characterize dementia drug utilization in a population > 65 years, during 2018–2020.

Methods
Different administrative healthcare databases were queried to collect both aggregate and individual data.

Results
ADD consumption remained stable throughout the study period (~ 9 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day). AChEI consumption was over 5 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day. Memantine consumption was nearly 4 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day, representing 40% of ADD consumption. The prevalence of use of memantine represented nearly half of ADD consumption, substantially unchanged over the 3 years. Comparing the AD prevalence with the prevalence of ADDs use, the gap becomes wider as age increases. In 2019, the proportion of private purchases of ADDs was 38%, mostly represented by donepezil and rivastigmine. In 2020, memantine was the only ADD with an increase in consumption (Δ% 19–20, 1.3%).

Discussion
To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to investigate the ADD prescription pattern in Italy with a Public Health approach. In 2019, the proportion of ADD private purchases point out several issues concerning the reimbursability of ADDs. From a regulatory perspective, ADDs can be reimbursed by the National Health System only to patients diagnosed with AD; therefore, the off-label use of ADDs in patients with mild cognitive impairment may partially explain this phenomenon. The study extends knowledge on the use of ADDs, providing comparisons with studies from other countries that investigate the prescription pattern of ADDs.