bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using injectable fillers for chin and jawline rejuvenation
Authors: Go Beatrice C. , Frost Ariel S. , Friedman Oren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAs the population ages, facial plastic providers must remain aware of the treatments to prevent and reverse the external signs of aging. In the mandibular region, skin laxity and soft tissue sagging in the jawline may lead to jowling and chin ptosis along with reduced chin projection. While surgical procedures, including chin implantation, may be performed, nonsurgical procedures are becoming increasingly popular due to their temporary, noninvasive, yet effective methods. This review covers the use of hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, poly‐l‐lactic acid, and polymethyl methacrylate in the jawline.MethodsPubMed was searched for data on the mechanism of action, pertinent anatomy, indications, contraindications, technique, and evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of the fillers.ResultsThere are a wide variety of fillers available for use in the lower face with unique characteristics and application methods. While the advantages of injectable fillers include relatively affordable cost, minimal patient discomfort, and limited recovery times, taking measures to prevent short‐ and long‐term complications is necessary for optimal results.ConclusionsUnderstanding the benefits and limitations of injectable fillers in the jawline can help providers appropriately counsel and treat patients.
Blue Planet Law and Ecological Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Cortês António 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the twenty-first century, the international community and states face the challenge of reconciling the economic and technological development of our post-industrial societies with the prevention or mitigation of global environmental problems such as climate change, ocean degradation, and biodiversity loss. Nowadays, international environmental law leaves up to the sovereignty of each state most of the measures necessary to prevent pollution, ecosystem degradation, and unsustainable use of natural resources. An important step, together with other international and national efforts, towards the transition to a more globalised and effective environmental law, a Blue Planet Law, will be the approval of the Global Pact for the Environment, which is being discussed at UN level. The Pact, along with other new international environmental conventions, will provide a legal framework that will help promote more effective ecological sustainability and preventive responsibility, considering namely the precautionary principle and intergenerational equity. The development of a Blue Planet Law, a Global Law of the Earth Ecosystem, is as urgent now as Human Rights Law was after the Second World War, and, in the next decade, it will be a crucial element for international and domestic implementation of the Agenda 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Suing States: The Role of Courts in Promoting States’ Responsibility for Climate Change
Authors: Rocha Armando 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the era of climate change, decisive action is needed from States. However, it is dismaying to see the lack of ambitious efforts in climate treaty negotiations, which is reflected downstream in the ambiguous nature of non-binding or soft mitigation obligations. In that light, this article argues that courts can be agents of change and pressure States,cum grano salis, to take decisive action. Domestic courts may be better positioned to compel States to adopt stringent mitigation measures, but all courts (international or domestic, general or specialised) maypress for regulationorassess regulation. In both cases, courts are helpful in mapping States’ obligations under international law (including, but not exclusively, the UNFCCC legal framework).
Connected and automated driving: consideration of the local, spatial context and spatial differentiation
Authors: Bruck Emilia M. , Soteropoulos Aggelos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe articles in this volume deal with effects on spaces and with control and planning approaches at municipal and regional level. It is essential to distinguish here between the spatial conditions of rural communities and regions and those of urban centres and major cities. Neither rural nor urban areas are homogeneous, but are complex areas with a wide variety of settlement structures, natural spaces and infrastructures, functions and challenges (VCÖ 2019: 9).
Collinear functions for QCD resummations
Authors: Catani Stefano , Dhani Prasanna K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The singular behaviour of QCD squared amplitudes in the collinear limit is factorized and controlled by splitting kernels with a process-independent structure. We use these kernels to define collinear functions that can be used in QCD resummation formulae of hard-scattering observables. Different collinear functions are obtained by integrating the splitting kernels over different phase-space regions that depend on the hard-scattering observables of interest. The collinear functions depend on an auxiliary vector nμ that can be either light-like (n2 = 0) or time-like (n2> 0). In the case of transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) collinear functions, we show that the use of a time-like auxiliary vector avoids the rapidity divergences, which are instead present if n2 = 0. The perturbative computation of the collinear functions lead to infrared (IR) divergences that can be properly factorized with respect to IR finite functions that embody the logarithmically-enhanced collinear contributions to hard-scattering cross sections. We evaluate various collinear functions and their nμ dependence at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αS). We compute the azimuthal-correlation component of the TMD collinear functions at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_{\textrm{S}}^2\right) $$
O

α
S
2

, and we present the results of the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_{\textrm{S}}^2\right) $$
O

α
S
2

contribution of linearly-polarized gluons to transverse-momentum resummation formulae. Beyond $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_{\textrm{S}}^2\right) $$
O

α
S
2

the collinear functions of initial-state colliding partons are process dependent, as a consequence of the violation of strict collinear factorization of QCD squared amplitudes.
Recurrence relation for instanton partition function in SU(N) gauge theory
Authors: Sysoeva Ekaterina , Bykov Aleksei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We derive a residue formula and as a consequence a recurrence relation for the instanton partition function in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric theory on ℂ2 with SU(N) gauge group.The particular cases of SU(2) and SU(3) gauge groups were considered in the literature before. The recurrence relation with SU(2) gauge group is long well known and was found as the Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa (AGT) counterpart of the Zamolodchikov relation for the Virasoro conformal blocks. In the SU(3) case a residue formula for the term with the minimal number of instantons was found and basing on it a recurrence relation was conjectured.We give a complete proof of the residue formula in all instanton orders in presence of any number of matter hypermultiplets in the adjoint and fundamental representations. The recurrence relation however describes only theories with not too much matter hypermultiplets so that the behaviour at infinity is moderate. The guideline of the proof is an algebro-geometric interpretation of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric gauge theory partition function in terms of the framed torsion-free sheaves. Lead by this interpretation we formulate a refined version of the residue formula and prove it by direct algebraic manipulations.
Multi-variable integration with a neural network
Authors: Maître D. , Santos-Mateos R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article we present a method for automatic integration of parametric integrals over the unit hypercube using a neural network. The method fits a neural network to the primitive of the integrand using a loss function designed to minimize the difference between multiple derivatives of the network and the function to be integrated. We apply this method to two example integrals resulting from the sector decomposition of a one-loop and two-loop scalar integrals. Our method can achieve per-mil and percent accuracy for these integrals over a range of invariant values. Once the neural network is fitted, the evaluation of the integral is between 40 and 125 times faster than the usual numerical integration method for our examples, and we expect the speed gain to increase with the complexity of the integrand.
Electroweak precision tests of composite Higgs models
Authors: Frandsen Mads T. , Rosenlyst Martin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study constraints on Composite Higgs models with fermion partial compositeness from electroweak precision measurements, including the 2022 W-boson mass result from the CDF collaboration. We focus on models where the Composite Higgs sector arises from underlying four-dimensional strongly interacting gauge theories with fermions, and where the SM fermions obtain their mass via linear mixing terms between the fermions and the composite sector — the so-called fermion partial compositeness scenario. In general, the Composite Higgs sector leads to a small and positive S parameter, and a negative T parameter, but the fermion partial compositeness sector results in an overall positive T parameter in a large part of parameter space. We, therefore, find good agreement between the full composite models and the current electroweak precision measurement bounds on S and T from LEP and CDF, including the offset and correlation of S, T with respect to the SM predictions.
Heron’s Legacy: An Example of Ancient Calculations Applied to Roman Imperial Architecture
Authors: Roca Alicia , Juan-Vidal Francisco , Cipriani Luca , Fantini Filippo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeron of Alexandria is a well-known author in the field of mathematics and engineering, but his work is of great interest for understanding ancient construction problems related to architecture. The formulas translated and commented on by Heiberg (1914a, b) are analyzed through geometric diagrams and applied to famous Roman domed architecture.
Mechanical characterization and sustainability assessment of recycled EVA for footwears
Authors: Bianchi Iacopo , Forcellese Archimede , Simoncini Michela , Vita Alessio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEthylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is a thermoplastic material largely used in the footwear industry. Indeed, it is employed to produce outsoles and midsoles with high shock absorption. For producing these parts of the shoes, EVA is injected into a heated mold. During this process, gates and runners, which are necessary to allow a correct infill of the mold, are generated and they are treated as scraps and disposed in landfill. In this paper, a method for recovering pre-vulcanized EVA waste is presented and the possibility of developing a recycled product is investigated. EVA waste was shredded and dispersed into virgin EVA with a weight content of 10%. This mixture was employed in an injection molding process to produce samples for characterizing tensile, compression, and abrasion resistances and compare them with those of virgin EVA. At the same time, the environmental sustainability of the recovery process was evaluated through the standard methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) by comparing the production of recovered outsoles with traditional virgin ones. The LCA was paired with a Life Cycle Costing analysis to quantify possible economic benefits of the innovative system. Even though the resistances are quite lower than the virgin EVA, the recycled one demonstrates remarkable benefits in terms of environmental and cost sustainability, paving the way for a zero-waste system to produce outsoles and, more in general, EVA components.
Material characteristics of WO3/Bi2O3 substitution on the thermal, structural, and electrical properties of lithium calcium borate glasses
Authors: Ali A. A. , Fathi Ahlam M. , Ibrahim S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlasses belonging to the xWO3-(30-x) Bi2O3–15Li2O–15CaO–40B2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) have been obtained by melt-quenching technique. With increasing the concentration of WO3, an increase in the measured glass transition temperature $${T}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

T
g

and crystallization temperature $${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$$

T
c

are observed, while the values of the thermal expansion coefficient decrease. Due to the unpaired pentavalent ions, the electron spin resonance spectra of glasses doped with $${\mathrm{WO}}_{3}$$

WO
3

them show unique signals. The results of Raman spectra show that the glass network is mainly constituted by [$${\mathrm{BiO}}_{6}$$

BiO
6

], [$${\mathrm{BO}}_{3}$$

BO
3

], [$${\mathrm{BO}}_{4}$$

BO
4

], and [$${\mathrm{WO}}_{4}$$

WO
4

] basic structural units. The activation energies for all studied samples were observed to range from 0.02 to 0.08 eV, and the dielectric constant and the conductivities of the investigated glasses increased with increasing temperature. The electrical behavior of the prepared samples revealed their semiconducting character. The prepared samples are being investigated as potential semiconductor material candidates for use in electronic devices.
Chitinase-3-like 1-protein in CSF: a novel biomarker for progression in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Talaat Foraysa , Abdelatty Sahar , Ragaie Christine , Dahshan Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Chitinase -3-like 1-protein (CHI3L1) is a glycoside secreted by monocytes, microglia, and activated astrocytes. Its distribution in inflammatory lesions denotes its role in astrocytic response to modulate CNS inflammation. In multiple sclerosis (MS), CHI3L1 levels have been found to be influenced by disease severity, activity, and progression. We aimed to measure CSF level of CHI3L1 in patients with MS and correlate its level with disability measures for a possible role as a biomarker for disease progression.

Methods
Fifty-two MS patients (30 relapsing-remitting MS and 22 progressive MS) and thirty-five age and sex-matched healthy controls were included. They all underwent full clinical assessment (including disability and cognitive scales), radiological assessment, and CSF level of CHI3L1.

Results
Patients with MS had higher CSF level of CHI3L1 than controls. Patients with progressive forms had higher levels than relapsing forms. There were positive correlations between disease duration, number of attacks, total EDSS, and CSF level of CHI3L1. Patients who had higher level of CSF CHI3L1 showed worse performance in MMSE and BICAMS and more lesions in T2 MRI brain. A cut off value of 154 ng/mL was found between patients with RRMS and PMS patients.

Conclusion
CHI3L1 can be considered as a biomarker of disease progression. CHI3L1 level increases in progressive MS more than RRMS. Also, high CSF level of CHI3L1 was associated with more disability including motor, cognitive, and radiological aspects.
A Monte Carlo simulation-based simulated annealing algorithm for predicting the minimum staffing requirement at a blood donor centre
Authors: Wellalage Achini , Fackrell Mark , Zhang Lele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAustralian Red Cross Lifeblood collects blood from non-remunerated voluntary donors. Thus, it is important to ensure that donors experience good service so they will return to donate blood again. Donor experience is adversely influenced by prolonged waiting times, but they may be reduced by determining the staffing demand over the day. In this paper, we propose a Monte-Carlo simulation-based simulated annealing algorithm that seeks the minimum number of employees to meet demand over a single day while ensuring the system’s predicted average waiting time does not exceed a specified threshold. To enhance the efficiency of our simulated annealing algorithm, we develop a novel neighbourhood search method based on the staff occupancy levels. We use data from four different Australian Red Cross Lifeblood donor centres, demonstrating that our methodology can be adapted to any donor centre to determine the minimum staffing demand. Since these staffing demands ensure the donor waiting time target is met for each donor centre, they have the potential to improve both donor and staff satisfaction as well as streamline the donor flow.
Probabilistic seismic risk assessment framework: case study Adapazari, Turkey
Authors: Sianko Ilya , Ozdemir Zuhal , Hajirasouliha Iman , Pilakoutas Kypros 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile earthquakes can have a devastating impact on the economic growth and social welfare of earthquake prone regions, probabilistic seismic risk assessment can be employed to assess and mitigate such risks from future destructive events. In a previous study (Sianko et al. in Bull Earthq Eng 18:2523–2555, 2020), a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) tool based on the Monte-Carlo approach, was developed to predict the seismic hazard for high seismicity areas. In this study, a seismic risk assessment framework is developed incorporating the previously developed PSHA tool, with vulnerability functions based on various damage criteria, exposures and casualty models. Epistemic uncertainty is addressed using logic trees and distribution functions. The developed seismic risk assessment framework can estimate human and economic losses for particular return periods using an event-based stochastic procedure. The framework is applied to a case study area, the city of Adapazari in Turkey. Seismic risk assessment is carried out for different return periods to identify the most vulnerable areas of the city. The verification of the developed seismic risk framework is performed by comparing the predicted seismic losses to those observed during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake that severely affected the city of Adapazari. The results of the study indicate that while overall predictions for extensive and complete damage states demonstrate strong correlation with the observed data, accurate risk predictions at the district level are not achievable without microzonation studies.
How Criminal Is It to Rape a Partner According to the Justice System? Analysis of Sentences in Spain (2015–2022)
Authors: Sumalla J.M. Tamarit , Seseña P. Romero , Arràez L. Arantegui , Aizpitarte A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSexual violence in an intimate relationship is a less studied phenomenon than other forms of intimate partner violence, despite data pointing to a high prevalence. Studies on how the cases are sentenced are scarce. Until recently, many laws did not allow marital rape to be punished as a crime of rape, and some studies showed a tendency for the courts to punish these cases less severely. The present study is based on an analysis of 964 rape cases of adult women in Spain. All the information was extracted from sentences of the Provincial Courts issued between 2015 and 2022. Results showed that significantly lower conviction rates and less severe penalties were imposed when the rape was committed by the intimate partner compared to other rape cases where the offenders were not partners (family members, acquaintances, or unknown strangers). The practical implications of these results in several areas are discussed.
Pointillisme à la Signac and Construction of a Quantum Fiber Bundle Over Convex Bodies
Authors: de Gosson Maurice , de Gosson Charlyne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe use the notion of polar duality from convex geometry and the theory of Lagrangian planes from symplectic geometry to construct a fiber bundle over ellipsoids that can be viewed as a quantum-mechanical substitute for the classical symplectic phase space. The total space of this fiber bundle consists of geometric quantum states, products of convex bodies carried by Lagrangian planes by their polar duals with respect to a second transversal Lagrangian plane. Using the theory of the John ellipsoid we relate these geometric quantum states to the notion of “quantum blobs” introduced in previous work; quantum blobs are the smallest symplectic invariant regions of the phase space compatible with the uncertainty principle. We show that the set of equivalence classes of unitarily related geometric quantum states is in a one-to-one correspondence with the set of all Gaussian wavepackets. We emphasize that the uncertainty principle appears in this paper as geometric property of the states we define, and is not expressed in terms of variances and covariances, the use of which was criticized by Hilgevoord and Uffink.
Metrics of student dissatisfaction and disagreement: longitudinal explorations of a national survey instrument
Authors: Langan A. Mark , Harris W. Edwin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study explores dissatisfaction and neutrality metrics from 12 years of a national-level undergraduate student survey. The notion of dissatisfaction is much less prevalent in the narratives surrounding student survey outcomes, and the underpinning metrics are seldom considered. This is despite an increasingly vociferous debate about ‘value for money’ of higher education and the positioning of students as consumers in a marketised sector. We used machine learning methods to explore over 2.7 million national survey outcomes from 154 institutions to describe year-on-year stability in the survey items that best predicted dissatisfaction and neutrality, together with their similarity to known metric predictors of satisfaction. The widely publicised annual increases in student ‘satisfaction’ are shown to be the result of complex reductions in the proportions of disagreement and neutrality across different survey dimensions. Due to the widespread use of survey metrics in university league tables, we create an anonymised, illustrative table to demonstrate how UK institutional rankings would have differed if dissatisfaction metrics had been the preferred focus for reporting. We conclude by debating the tensions of balancing the provision of valuable information about dissatisfaction, with perpetuating negative impacts that derive from this important subset of the survey population.
Implementation status of safety measures to prevent errors with non-oncologic methotrexate: surveys in community and hospital pharmacies
Authors: Brühwiler Lea D. , Gresch Simone J. , Schwappach David L. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccidental overdose of low-dose methotrexate can lead to serious patient harm. Different safety measures are recommended to prevent errors, yet, as errors continue to happen, their implementation is questionable.AimTo evaluate the implementation status of safety measures for methotrexate in community and hospital pharmacies.MethodAn electronic questionnaire was sent to head pharmacists of 163 community and 94 hospital pharmacies in Switzerland. The implementation of recommended safety measures (general measures, safety working procedures, IT-based measures) was assessed and descriptive analysis performed. An analysis of sales data underlined the relevance of our results, i.e., the population under risk for overdose.ResultsA response was obtained from 53% (n = 87) of community and 50% (n = 47) of hospital pharmacists. Pharmacies had implemented a median of 6 (IQR 3, community) and 5 (IQR 5, hospital) safety measures overall. Most of these were defined safety procedures, instructing staff on how to handle methotrexate prescriptions. Across all safety measures, compliance with single procedures was perceived as “very likely” by 54% of community pharmacies. IT-based measures (e.g., alerts) were absent in 38% (n = 31) of community and 57% (n = 27) of hospital pharmacies. On average, every community pharmacy dispensed 22 packages annually.ConclusionSafety in relation to methotrexate in pharmacies relies mostly on staff instructions, which are considered weak measures. In light of the serious risk imposed on patients, pharmacies should set a focus on stronger IT-based measures that rely less on human performance.