bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehabilitation for patients with colorectal cancer: a snapshot of current daily practice in Dutch hospitals
Authors: Molenaar Charlotte J. L. , Reudink Muriël , Sabajo Charissa R. , Janssen Loes , Roumen Rudi M. H. , Klaase Joost M. , Slooter Gerrit D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Multimodal prehabilitation programmes are increasingly being imbedded in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathways to enhance the patient’s recovery after surgery. However, there is no (inter)national consensus on the content or design of such a programme. This study aimed to evaluate the current practice and opinion regarding preoperative screening and prehabilitation for patients undergoing surgery for CRC throughout the Netherlands.

Methods
All regular Dutch hospitals offering colorectal cancer surgery were included. An online survey was sent to one representative colorectal surgeon per hospital. Descriptive statistics were used for analyses.

Results
Response rate was 100% (n = 69). Routine preoperative screening of patients with CRC for frailty, diminished nutritional status and anaemia was the standard of care in nearly all Dutch hospitals (97%, 93% and 94%, respectively). Some form of prehabilitation was provided in 46 hospitals (67%) of which more than 80% addressed nutritional status, frailty, physical status and anaemia. All but two of the remaining hospitals were willing to adopt prehabilitation. The majority of the hospitals offered prehabilitation to specific subgroups of patients with CRC, such as the elderly (41%), the frail (71%) or high-risk patients (57%). There was high variability in the setting, design and content of the prehabilitation programmes.

Conclusions
Whereas preoperative screening is sufficiently incorporated in Dutch hospitals, standardised enhancement of the patient’s condition in the context of multimodal prehabilitation seems to be challenging. This study presents an overview of current clinical practice in the Netherlands. Uniform clinical prehabilitation guidelines are vital to diminish heterogeneity in programmes and to produce useful data to enable a nationwide implementation of an evidence-based prehabilitation programme.
Microtubule acetylation dyshomeostasis in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Naren Padmashri , Samim Khan Sabiya , Tryphena Kamatham Pushpa , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Srivastava Saurabh , Singh Shashi Bala , Khatri Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The inter-neuronal communication occurring in extensively branched neuronal cells is achieved primarily through the microtubule (MT)-mediated axonal transport system. This mechanistically regulated system delivers cargos (proteins, mRNAs and organelles such as mitochondria) back and forth from the soma to the synapse. Motor proteins like kinesins and dynein mechanistically regulate polarized anterograde (from the soma to the synapse) and retrograde (from the synapse to the soma) commute of the cargos, respectively. Proficient axonal transport of such cargos is achieved by altering the microtubule stability via post-translational modifications (PTMs) of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, core components constructing the MTs. Occurring within the lumen of MTs, K40 acetylation of α-tubulin via α-tubulin acetyl transferase and its subsequent deacetylation by HDAC6 and SIRT2 are widely scrutinized PTMs that make the MTs highly flexible, which in turn promotes their lifespan. The movement of various motor proteins, including kinesin-1 (responsible for axonal mitochondrial commute), is enhanced by this PTM, and dyshomeostasis of neuronal MT acetylation has been observed in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative condition and is closely associated with impaired MT dynamics and deregulated tubulin acetylation levels. Although the relationship between status of MT acetylation and progression of PD pathogenesis has become a chicken-and-egg question, our review aims to provide insights into the MT-mediated axonal commute of mitochondria and dyshomeostasis of MT acetylation in PD. The enzymatic regulators of MT acetylation along with their synthetic modulators have also been briefly explored. Moving towards a tubulin-based therapy that enhances MT acetylation could serve as a disease-modifying treatment in neurological conditions that lack it.

Graphical abstract
Why do people legitimize and cooperate with the police? Results of a randomized control trial on the effects of procedural justice in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Anrango Narváez David , Medina Sarmiento José Eugenio , Del-Real Cristina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study employs a randomized control trial design to evaluate the impact of deterrence and procedural justice on perceptions of legitimacy and cooperation with law enforcement among individuals in Quito, Ecuador. Specifically, a sample of 308 premises where alcohol is sold were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: an experimental group (n = 156) in which officers received training in the implementation of a procedural justice-based script, and a control group (n = 152) in which officers were not provided with any specific instructions. Results indicate that the manipulation of procedural justice was associated with a significant enhancement in perceptions of legitimacy and a greater willingness to cooperate with the police.
Identification of potential resistance mechanisms and therapeutic targets for the relapse of BCMA CAR-T therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma through single-cell sequencing
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Binglei , Cao Weijie , Zhang Wenli , Li Tiandong , Liu Lina , Xu LinPing , Gao Fengcai , Wang Yanmei , Wang Fang , Xing Haizhou , Jiang Zhongxing , Shi Jianxiang , Bian Zhilei , Song Yongping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
BCMA CAR-T is highly effective for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(R/R-MM) and significantly improves the survival of patients. However, the short remission time and high relapse rate of MM patients treated with BCMA CAR-T remain bottlenecks that limit long-term survival. The immune microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM) in R/R-MM may be responsible for this. The present study aims to present an in-depth analysis of resistant mechanisms and to explore potential novel therapeutic targets for relapse of BCMA CAR-T treatment via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of BM plasma cells and immune cells.

Methods
This study used 10X Genomic scRNA-seq to identify cell populations in R/R-MM CD45+ BM cells before BCMA CAR-T treatment and relapse after BCMA CAR-T treatment. Cell Ranger pipeline and CellChat were used to perform detailed analysis.

Results
We compared the heterogeneity of CD45+ BM cells before BCMA CAR-T treatment and relapse after BCMA CAR-T treatment. We found that the proportion of monocytes/macrophages increased, while the percentage of T cells decreased at relapse after BCMA CAR-T treatment. We then reclustered and analyzed the alterations in plasma cells, T cells, NK cells, DCs, neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages in the BM microenvironment before BCMA CAR-T treatment and relapse after BCMA CAR-T treatment. We show here that the percentage of BCMA positive plasma cells increased at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. Other targets such as CD38, CD24, SLAMF7, CD138, and GPRC5D were also found to be expressed in plasma cells of the R/R-MM patient at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, exhausted T cells, TIGIT+NK cells, interferon-responsive DCs, and interferon-responsive neutrophils, increased in the R/R-MM patient at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell treatment. Significantly, the proportion of IL1βhi Mφ, S100A9hi Mφ, interferon-responsive Mφ, CD16hi Mφ, MARCO hi Mφ, and S100A11hi Mφ significantly increased in the R/R-MM patient at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. Cell–cell communication analysis indicated that monocytes/macrophages, especially the MIF and APRIL signaling pathway are key players in R/R-MM patient at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy.

Conclusion
Taken together, our data extend the understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic relapse of BCMA CAR-T treatment in R/R-MM patient and the potential mechanisms involved in the alterations of antigens and the induced immunosuppressive microenvironment, which may provide a basis for the optimization of BCMA CAR-T strategies. Further studies should be performed to confirm these findings.
Gut microbiome of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor Larvae) show similar responses to polystyrene and corn straw diets
Authors: Mamtimin Tursunay , Han Huawen , Khan Aman , Feng Pengya , Zhang Qing , Ma Xiaobiao , Fang Yitian , Liu Pu , Kulshrestha Saurabh , Shigaki Toshiro , Li Xiangkai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Some insects can degrade both natural and synthetic plastic polymers, their host and gut microbes play crucial roles in this process. However, there is still a scientific gap in understanding how the insect adapted to the polystyrene (PS) diet from natural feed. In this study, we analyzed diet consumption, gut microbiota responses, and metabolic pathways of Tenebrio molitor larvae exposed to PS and corn straw (CS).

Results
T. molitor larvae were incubated under controlled conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 75 ± 5% humidity) for 30 days by using PS foam with weight-, number-, and size-average molecular weight (Mw, Mn, and Mz) of 120.0, 73.2, and 150.7 kDa as a diet, respectively. The larvae exhibited lower PS consumption (32.5%) than CS (52.0%), and these diets had no adverse effects on their survival. The gut microbiota structures, metabolic pathways, and enzymatic profiles of PS- and CS-fed larvae showed similar responses. The gut microbiota of larvae analysis indicated Serratia sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Rhodococcus sp. were associated with both PS and CS diets. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that xenobiotics, aromatic compounds, and fatty acid degradation pathways were enriched in PS- and CS-fed groups; laccase-like multicopper oxidases, cytochrome P450, monooxygenase, superoxidase, and dehydrogenase were involved in lignin and PS degradation. Furthermore, the upregulated gene lac640 in both PS- and CS-fed groups was overexpressed in E. coli and exhibited PS and lignin degradation ability.

Conclusions
The high similarity of gut microbiomes adapted to biodegradation of PS and CS indicated the plastics-degrading ability of the T. molitor larvae originated through an ancient mechanism that degrades the natural lignocellulose.

Graphical Abstract
Gut microbiota-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function via AhR signaling
Authors: Hu Jun , Chen Jianwei , Xu Xiaojian , Hou Qiliang , Ren Jing , Yan Xianghua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe intestinal epithelial barrier confers protection against the intestinal invasion by pathogens and exposure to food antigens and toxins. Growing studies have linked the gut microbiota to the intestinal epithelial barrier function. The mining of the gut microbes that facilitate the function of intestinal epithelial barrier is urgently needed.ResultsHere, we studied a landscape of the gut microbiome of seven pig breeds using metagenomics and 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results indicated an obvious difference in the gut microbiome between Congjiang miniature (CM) pigs (a native Chinese breed) and commercial Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire] (DLY) pigs. CM finishing pigs had stronger intestinal epithelial barrier function than the DLY finishing pigs. Fecal microbiota transplantation from CM and DLY finishing pigs to germ-free (GF) mice transferred the intestinal epithelial barrier characteristics. By comparing the gut microbiome of the recipient GF mice, we identified and validatedBacteroides fragilisas a microbial species that contributes to the intestinal epithelial barrier.B. fragilis-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid metabolite had an important function on the enhancement of intestinal epithelial barrier. Furthermore, 3-phenylpropionic acid facilitated the intestinal epithelial barrier by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that manipulation ofB. fragilisand 3-phenylpropionic acid is a promising strategy for improving intestinal epithelial barrier.
Development, implementation, and feasibility of site-specific hepatitis C virus treatment workflows for treating vulnerable, high-risk populations: protocol of the Erase Hep C study — a prospective single-arm intervention trial
Authors: Desai Anmol , O’Neal Lauren , Reinis Kia , Chang Patrick , Brown Cristal , Stefanowicz Michael , Kuang Audrey , Agrawal Deepak , Bhavnani Darlene , Mercer Tim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading indication for liver transplantation and liver-related mortality. The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) and a simplified treatment algorithm with a > 97% cure rate should make global elimination of HCV an achievable goal. Yet, vulnerable populations with high rates of HCV still have limited access to treatment. By designing locally contextualized site-specific HCV treatment workflows, we aim to cure HCV in vulnerable, high-risk populations, including people experiencing homelessness (PEH) and people who inject drugs (PWID), in Austin, TX, USA.

Methods
Our implementation science study will utilize a qualitative and design thinking approach to characterize patient and systemic barriers and facilitators to HCV treatment in vulnerable, high-risk populations seeking care across seven diverse primary care clinics serving PEHs and PWIDs. Qualitative interviews guided by the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) framework will identify barriers and facilitators by leveraging knowledge and experience from both clinic staff and patients. Data synthesized using thematic analysis and design thinking will feed into workshops with clinic stakeholders for idea generation to design site-specific HCV treatment workflows. Providers will be trained on the use of a simplified HCV treatment algorithm with DAAs and clinic staff on the new site-specific HCV treatment workflows. These workflows will be implemented by the seven diverse primary care clinics serving vulnerable, high-risk populations. Implementation and clinical outcomes will be measured using data collected through interviews with staff as well as through medical chart review.

Discussion
Our study provides a model of how to contextualize and implement site-specific HCV treatment workflows targeting vulnerable, high-risk populations in other geographic locations. This model can be adopted for future implementation research programs aiming to develop and implement site-specific treatment workflows for vulnerable, high-risk populations and in primary care clinical settings for other disease states beyond just HCV.

Trial registration
Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on July, 14, 2022. Identifier: NCT05460130.
Is Aquapheresis ready for prime time yet for congestive heart failure? A systemic review of the literature
Authors: Javed Aneeqa , Alvi Muhammad Junaid , Afif John , Elsayegh Suzanne , Sahra Syeda , El-Charabaty Elie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHeart failure is a clinical syndrome with considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Recent data published by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) showed that 6 million Americans are diagnosed with CHF. The prevalence of CHF is expected to increase by 46% from 2012 to 2030. The current therapy for acute CHF exacerbation involves the use of oral or intravenous diuretics. Aquapheresis is a form of slow continuous ultrafiltration where blood is removed by applying negative pressure by the machine, which is then passed through the unique filter across which a set fraction of plasma water is filtered each minute before it is pumped back into the patient. It is almost exclusively used in congestive heart failure patients who are found to be resistant to incremental doses of intravenous diuretics. Several trials have shown that aquapheresis or ultrafiltration (UF) produces more significant reductions in weight and may even decrease the rehospitalization rate within 90 days; however, a greater sample size is needed to obtain results of better statistical significance. Since UF does not improve survival in patients with heart failure, limiting factors to its use include cost, the need for a multidisciplinary team, catheter-related adverse events, and renal side effects. Guidelines need to be established for its use in heart failure.
Causal Machine Learning and its use for public policy
Authors: Lechner Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, microeconometrics experienced the ‘credibility revolution’, culminating in the 2021 Nobel prices for David Card, Josh Angrist, and Guido Imbens. This ‘revolution’ in how to do empirical work led to more reliable empirical knowledge of the causal effects of certain public policies. In parallel, computer science, and to some extent also statistics, developed powerful (so-called Machine Learning) algorithms that are very successful in prediction tasks. The new literature onCausal Machine Learningunites these developments by using algorithms originating in Machine Learning for improved causal analysis. In this non-technical overview, I review some of these approaches. Subsequently, I use an empirical example from the field of active labour market programme evaluation to showcase how Causal Machine Learning can be applied to improve the usefulness of such studies. I conclude with some considerations about shortcomings and possible future developments of these methods as well as wider implications for teaching and empirical studies.
Shaded fuel breaks create wildfire-resilient forest stands: lessons from a long-term study in the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Low Kathryn E. , Battles John J. , Tompkins Ryan E. , Dillingham Colin P. , Stephens Scott L. , Collins Brandon M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn California’s mixed-conifer forests, fuel reduction treatments can successfully reduce fire severity, bolster forest resilience, and make lasting changes in forest structure. However, current understanding of the duration of treatment effectiveness is lacking robust empirical evidence. We leveraged data collected from 20-year-old forest monitoring plots within fuel treatments that captured a range of wildfire occurrence (i.e., not burned, burned once, or burned twice) following initial plot establishment and overstory thinning and prescribed fire treatments.ResultsInitial treatments reduced live basal area and retained larger-diameter trees; these effects persisted throughout the 20-year study period. Wildfires maintained low surface and ground fuel loads established by treatments. Treatments also reduced the probability of torching immediately post-treatment and 20 years post initial thinning treatments.ConclusionsFuel treatments in conifer-dominated forests can conserve forest structure in the face of wildfire. Additionally, findings support that the effective lifespans of treatments can be extended by wildfire occurrence. Our results suggest that continued application of shaded fuel breaks is not only a sound strategy to ensure forest persistence through wildfire but may also be compatible with restoration objectives aimed at allowing for the use of more ecologically beneficial fire across landscapes.
Boosting protection for patients with non-acute cardiovascular disease: a focus on antithrombotic regimen (a consensus expert opinion from the Egyptian Society of Cardiology working group of thrombosis and prevention)
Authors: Bendary Ahmed , Zarif Bassem , Badran Hala Mahfouz , Shokry Khaled , Kabil Hamza 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Till the moment of this document writing, no Egyptian consensus is there to guide selection of additional antithrombotic in stable patients with established CVD. Despite use of lifestyle measures and statins, those patients with established CVD still face a considerable burden of residual risk.

Main body
With the evolvement of evidence-based medicine, there have been a lot of recommendations to use additional antithrombotic medications to maximize protection for those patients. Accordingly, the Egyptian Society of Cardiology working group of thrombosis and prevention took the responsibility of providing an expert consensus on the current recommendations for using antithrombotic medications to maximize protection in stable patients with established CVD. For stable patients with established CVD, in addition to proper lifestyle measures and appropriate dose statins, we recommend long-term aspirin therapy. In patients who are unable to take aspirin and in those with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, clopidogrel is a reasonable alternative.

Conclusions
For some stable atherosclerotic CVD patients who are at high risk of cardiovascular events and at low risk for bleeding, a regimen of rivaroxaban and aspirin might be taken into consideration.
Targeting bromodomain-containing proteins: research advances of drug discovery
Authors: Pan Zhaoping , Zhao Yuxi , Wang Xiaoyun , Xie Xin , Liu Mingxia , Zhang Kaiyao , Wang Lian , Bai Ding , Foster Leonard J. , Shu Rui , He Gu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBromodomain (BD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein module found in 46 different BD-containing proteins (BCPs). BD acts as a specific reader for acetylated lysine residues (KAc) and serves an essential role in transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and cell proliferation. On the other hand, BCPs have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancers, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. Over the past decade, researchers have brought new therapeutic strategies to relevant diseases by inhibiting the activity or downregulating the expression of BCPs to interfere with the transcription of pathogenic genes. An increasing number of potent inhibitors and degraders of BCPs have been developed, some of which are already in clinical trials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the study of drugs that inhibit or down-regulate BCPs, focusing on the development history, molecular structure, biological activity, interaction with BCPs and therapeutic potentials of these drugs. In addition, we discuss current challenges, issues to be addressed and future research directions for the development of BCPs inhibitors. Lessons learned from the successful or unsuccessful development experiences of these inhibitors or degraders will facilitate the further development of efficient, selective and less toxic inhibitors of BCPs and eventually achieve drug application in the clinic.