bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the sequence-function space of microbial fucosidases
Authors: Gascueña Ana Martínez , Wu Haiyang , Owen David , Hernando Pedro , Monaco Serena , Penner Matthew , Gall Gwenaelle Le , Gardner Richard , Ndeh Didier , Urbanowicz Paulina , Spencer Daniel , Walsh Martin , Angulo Jesús , Juge Nathalie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Microbial α-l-fucosidases catalyse the hydrolysis of terminal α-l-fucosidic linkages with diverse substrate/linkage specificities and can be used in transglycosylation reactions to synthesise oligosaccharides. Based on sequence identity, α-l-fucosidases have been classified in distinct glycoside hydrolases (GHs) families in the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) database. Here, we explored the sequence-function space of fucosidases from GH29 family. Based on sequence similarity network (SSN) analyses, 16 GH29 α-l-fucosidases were selected for functional characterisation. Using activity assays combined with HPAEC-PAD and LC-FD-MS/MS analyses, we determined the substrate and linkage specificities of these enzymes against a range of defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, revealing a range of specificities for α1,2, α1,3, α1,4 and α1,6 linked fucosylated ligands. The structural basis for the substrate specificity of GH29 fucosidase from Bifidobacterium asteroides towards α1-6 linkages and FA2G2 N-glycan was further determined by X-ray crystallography and saturation transfer difference NMR. TLC combined with electrospray ionization – MS and NMR confirmed the capacity of this enzyme to carry out transfucosylation reactions with GlcNAc and Fuc1,3GlcNAc as acceptors. Taken together, these experimental data validate the use of SSN as a reliable bioinformatics approach to predict the substrate specificity and transfucosylation activity of GH29 fucosidases.
How might secondary dementia prevention programs work in practice: a pre-implementation study of the APPLE-Tree program
Authors: Morse Rachel M. , Lang Iain , Rapaport Penny , Poppe Michaela , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Cooper Claudia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Over 850,000 people in the UK currently have dementia, and that number is expected to grow rapidly. One approach that may help slow or prevent this growth is personalized dementia prevention. For most people, this will involve targeted lifestyle changes. These approaches have shown promise in trials, but as of yet, the evidence for how to scale them to a population level is lacking. In this pre-implementation study, we aimed to explore stakeholder perspectives on developing system-readiness for dementia prevention programs. We focused on the APPLE-Tree program, one of several low-intensity, lifestyle-based dementia prevention interventions currently in clinical trials.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with health and social care professionals without previous experience with the APPLE-Tree program, who had direct care or managerial experience in services for older adults with memory concerns, without a dementia diagnosis. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to guide interviews and thematic analysis.
Results
We interviewed 26 stakeholders: commissioners and service managers (n = 15), and frontline workers (n = 11) from eight NHS and 11 third sector organizations throughout England. We identified three main themes: 1. favorable beliefs in the effectiveness of dementia prevention programs in enhancing cognition and wellbeing and their potential to fill a service gap for people with memory concerns, 2. challenges related to funding and capacity to deliver such programs at organizations without staff capacity or higher prioritization of dementia services, and 3. modifications to delivery and guidance required for compatibility with organizations and patients.
Conclusion
This study highlights likely challenges in scale-up if we are to make personalized dementia prevention widely available. This will only be possible with increased funding of dementia prevention activities; integrated care systems, with their focus on prevention, may enable this. Scale-up of dementia prevention programs will also require clear outlines of their core and adaptable components to fit funding, patient, and facilitator needs.
Factors Associated to Dietary Diversity in Community-dwelling Brazilian Older Adults
Authors: Corona Ligiana Pires , Silva Graziele Maria , Freiria Carolina Neves 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Older populations are in high risk of nutritional inadequacy and monotonous diet, and the assessment of dietary diversity can be a practical measure to indicate groups at nutritional risk. Our aim was to explore the dietary diversity of older adults enrolled in primary care services in Brazil, and to evaluate their associated factors. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the dietary diversity score (DDS) of 581 participants (≥ 60 years) registered in primary care services. All foods mentioned in a 24h-Food Recall were classified into 10 groups, and factors associated with the DDS were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression models in 2 blocks: 1) sociodemographic; 2) health conditions and lifestyle. The mean DDS was 5.07 (± 1.34) and 67.5% of the sample reached the minimum dietary diversity (≥ 5 groups). In the final model, income, previous diagnosis of cancer and sporadic intake of alcohol were positively associated with DDS, while cognitive decline, sedentary lifestyle and anorexia of aging were negatively associated with DDS. These findings show that entire structural, economic, and social system needs to facilitate access to quality food, adequate places and conditions for the practice of physical activity, and policies regarding tobacco and alcohol abuse, in addition to nutritional guidance.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of the liver shapes hepatocytes heterogeneity and impacts in vivo gene transfer and editing
Authors: Cantore Alessio , Starinieri Francesco , Milani Michela , Beretta Stefano , Canepari Cesare , Fabiano Anna , Simoni Chiara , Cammarota Eugenia , Volpin Monica , Bortolussi Giulia , Russo Fabio , Biffi Mauro , Muro Andrés , Montini Eugenio , Moalli Federica , Iannacone Matteo , Merelli Ivan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The liver is a central organ for metabolism and hepatocytes are the main cell type responsible for most of its functions. Several previous studies investigated the cell types involved in tissue homeostasis and regeneration1–4, however the mechanisms underlying post-natal liver growth and establishment of the mature hepatocyte phenotypes remain to be fully understood. Here we investigate liver tissue dynamics in mice during growth and adulthood, by spatial transcriptomics5, clonal analysis, and lineage tracing. We observe progressive establishment of metabolic zonation of hepatocytes following weaning, with specification of the centrilobular identity only in adults. We report that only a fraction of hepatocytes proliferates in the newborn liver, generating most of the adult tissue and that preferential genetic modification (either gene transfer or gene editing) of the more proliferating hepatocytes allows expansion of the genetically engineered liver area, stably maintained throughout tissue homeostasis. We also describe age-dependent differences in the efficiency and distribution of lentiviral in vivo gene delivery, with higher efficiency of gene transfer in young compared to adult animals and a skewed localization within the liver lobule. We identify high proteasome activity in the peri-central lobular area as the major determinant of the observed outcome and successfully revert it by proteasomal inhibition before gene transfer. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of the liver during post-natal growth and hepatocyte heterogeneity, which extends our understanding of liver biology and have important implications for therapeutic applications.
Research on Water Price and Quantity to Meet the Basic Living Needs of Urban Residents based on Water Conservation
Authors: zhang shujing , wang yanrong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Water price is an economic approach to effectively promote urban residents to save water. However, due to the excessively large water volume and low water price of each step in the stepped water pricing model, the water-saving effect of urban residents is not obvious. Determining the first-step water price and water volume for urban residents has become an urgent issue to be solved both in theory and practice. Based on the basic water demand characteristics of urban residents, this study employs the extended linear expenditure system model (ELES) and quadratic approximate ideal demand function model (QUAIDS) to formulate an improved water demand-price function. The improved function model can describe the nonlinear relationship between urban residents' water demand and water price. Then, based on the questionnaire survey data of Zhengzhou City, combined with the improved QUAIDS model and the Ramsey pricing method, a system of equations is built to calculate the first-step water price and water volume that meet the basic living needs of urban residents. This method not only focuses on water conservation for urban residents but also considers their basic water needs and the water supply costs of enterprises. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for reforming urban water prices and promoting resource conservation in China.
Multi-group biodiversity theory and an application to multi-species maximum sustainable yield
Authors: Sadykov Alexander , Farnsworth Keith D. , Sadykova Dinara , Stenseth Nils Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe introduce the group-based approach, use it to develop a multi-group biodiversity theory, and apply it find solutions to the multi-species maximum sustainable yield problem for a mixed species fishery. The group-based approach to community ecology is intermediate between classical species-centric and more recent trait-based (species-less) approaches. It describes ecological communities as composed of conspecific groups rather than species (as in classical models) or species-less individuals (as in trait-based models), and reconsiders community structure as results of inter-group resource competition. The approach respects species affiliation and recognises the importance of trait trade-offs at the conspecific group level. It offers an alternative to both classical and trait-based approaches and, remarkably, provides a complete analytical description of the community structure in the benchmark case of zero-sum resource redistribution.
Diffusion-Kinetically Dormant Ni-Rich Cathode at High Potentials
Authors: Cai Jiyu , Zhou Xinwei , Li Tianyi , Li Luxi , Li Jiantao , Sun Cheng-Jun , Suzana Ana , Bai Jianming , Gudavalli Ganesh , Zhang Tingting , Karami Niloofar , Chernova Natasha , Upreti Shailesh , Prevel Brad , Xu Gui-Liang , Liu Yuzi , Xu Wenqian , Chen Yanbin , Song Shunlin , Zhang Xuequan , Wang Li , He Xiangming , Wang Feng , Chen Zonghai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

High energy-density Ni-rich layered cathodes suffer a long-standing challenge of severe performance deterioration at high potentials. Besides, it is of great challenge to develop a universal mitigation strategy to address numerous deterioration causes. Herein, to probe the dominant deterioration root for guiding rational development, we perform an in-depth investigation of LiNi0.83Mn0.1Co0.07O2 in full cells with graphite anode for 1000 cycles at different state-of-charges. Intriguingly, severe capacity retention of harvest cathodes (like 54% at 4.6 V) is inconsistent with insignificant material degradation via synchrotron-based X-ray characterizations. To unpuzzle this, we deconvolute the overall performance deterioration of cycled cathode into irreversible and reversible losses. Our evaluation unveils Ni-rich cathodes are mostly alive (like 88% at 4.6 V) but kinetically inhibited in long-term cycling at high potentials. The evolution of Li+ diffusion is of greater significance than that of electrical impedance. The exacerbated cathode-electrolyte interface, mainly rock-salt phase, is speculated experimentally and analytically as the predominant root for severe chemical diffusion and performance deterioration. Our findings highlight the upmost importance of stabilizing the cathode-electrolyte interface for deploying Ni-rich cathodes at higher potentials to awaken more energy and longer lifespan.
Diversity of harmful and beneficial insects on Faba bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) crop in Assiut Governorate, Northern Upper Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Hend O. , Mahmoud Asmaa H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

BackgroundFaba bean,Vicia fabais one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seeds are the best source of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins for human food and animal consumption. For these reasons, improving and increasing the cultivated area of faba beans are essentially needed to achieve self-sufficiency. Therefore, this study is focused on the diversity of harmful and beneficial insects on this crop in Assiut Governorate.ResultsThe Survey of harmful and beneficial insects on faba bean crop registered 44 insect species divided into (21 pests, 4 parasitoids, 11 predators, and 8 pollinators and visitors) belonging to 10 orders and 27 families. The most common pest species were green leafhopper,Empoasca decipiens(42.28%), followed by bean fly,Ophiomyia phaseoli(17.16%); American serpentine leafminer,Liriomyza trifolii(16.45%); sugar beet fly,Pegomya mixta(9.20%); campyloma bug,Campylommasp. (7.61%); bean seed fly,Deliasp. (3.17%). Besides, 4 native parasitoid species were (Chelonussp.,Opius nitidulator,Dirhinus excavatus,Trichogrammasp.). The most abundant and predominant predators' species during the season were the eleven-spotted ladybird beetles,Coccinella undecimpunctata(44.27%) andScymnusnubilus(35.5%). While, minute pirate bug,Orius insidiosus(6.51%) and common green Lacewing,Chrysoperla carnea(5.52%) were found in a moderate dominant. Moreover, honeybees,Apis melliferawere the main pollinators of this vital crop that was observed in high numbers through the growing season.ConclusionsThe diversity of pests and beneficial insects on this vital crop will be essential for developing and improving the control technique of common insects in faba bean fields. This study is providing for the first time detailed information on the insect fauna.
The existence of Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Porntharukchareon Thachanun , Dechatech Bothamai , Sirisreetreerux Supamas , Therawit Phonthip , Tawinprai Kriangkrai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus may result in long COVID, a syndrome characterized by symptoms such as dyspnea, cardiac abnormalities, cognitive impairment, and fatigue. One potential explanation for these symptoms is adrenal insufficiency (AI).Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of AI in patients with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients who were aged ≥ 18 years and had a 3-month history of radiography-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Exclusion criteria included current or previous treatment with glucocorticoids and use of an oral contraceptive. Adrenal function was evaluated using a low dose (1ug) corticotropin stimulation test (CST). Serum cortisol levels were measured at 0, 30, and 60 minutes, and baseline plasma ACTH was also measured.Results: Of the 41 patients enrolled, the median age was 62 years, 17 (42%) were female, and all 41 (100%) had severe pneumonia at baseline. Eleven patients (27%) had AI, as evidenced by hypocortisolism (mean serum cortisol 198.92 nmol/L, standard deviation 83.87, range 84.15–289.42). Of these 11 patients, 10 (91%) had secondary AI (median ACTH 6.27 pmol/L, range 4.98–9.95 pmol/L) and one had primary AI (mean ACTH 32.78 pmol/L). Six of the 11 patients with AI (54.5%) reported symptoms of persistent fatigue and 5 (45.5%) required regular glucocorticoid replacement.Conclusions: Our results suggest that AI, predominantly caused by pituitary disruption, may emerge after SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be considered in patients with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia with or without clinical hypocortisolism.
Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Mdgb15 is a potential biocontrol agent against tree peony gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Yang ruixian , Ye wenyu , Liu ping , Li juan , Lu mingmei , wang zuhua , Shao dengke 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold disease affecting Paeoniaceae plants. The present study focuses on the potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Mdgb15 as a promising biological control agent toward B.cinerea. The strain Mdgb15 showed the highest inhibition rate (55.56%) against B. cinerea growth and was effective in controlling tree peony gray mold in detached leaves. A conventional PCR with three specific primer pairs detected lipopetides substance synthesis genes of Mdgb15. The results revealed that Mdgb15 had srfAA, fenA and ituD genes, which resulted in the production of surfactin, fengycin and iturin. An accurate RT-PCR protocol with designed specific primers was further developed to expression characterize of lipopetides synthesis gene of Mdgb15.The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of ituD and fenA genes in Mdgb15 was remarkably up-regulated during the coculture with B. cinerea. Following the lipopeptides was extracted by acid precipitation of culture filtrate of Mdgb15 and was separated by using Sephadex Gel chromatography column. Three separated fractions exhibited strong antifungal activity against B. cinerea, and were identified as bacillomycin D by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. This study has demonstrated that B. amyloliquefaciens Mdgb15 is considered as a future potential new biocontrol agent for controlling tree peony gray mold disease. It suggests that the antifungal mechanisms of Mdgb15 may be at least partially associated with its ability to secret bacillomycin D.
Comparative effects of salt and alkali stress on photosynthesis and antioxidant system in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Wan Siqing , Zhang Yingao , Liu Lu , Xiao Yezi , He Jingyuan , Zhang Yongheng , Wang Weidong , Yu Youben 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Salt and alkali stress are considered major abiotic stresses in agriculture. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis), an acidophilic economic crop, is seriously affected by salt and alkali stress, which severely restricts its widespread planting. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of tea plants to salt and alkali stress remain unclear. To understand the physiological and molecular responses of tea plants to salt and alkali stress, tea plants were treated with NaCl and NaHCO3 to study the effects of salt and alkali stresses, respectively. Tea plants exhibited different symptoms under the NaCl and NaHCO3 treatments. The leaves of tea plants suffered varying degrees of damage, and concentrations of the quality components epigallocatechin gallate, caffeine, and theanine in the leaves decreased significantly under the NaCl treatment. However, after NaHCO3 treatment, epigallocatechin and theanine levels were significantly reduced. Photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes changed significantly to varying degrees under both the NaCl and NaHCO3 treatments. The stomata closed under both NaCl and NaHCO3 treatments. After the transcriptome analysis of tea samples treated for one, three, and seven days with NaCl or NaHCO3, a large number of differentially expressed genes related to photosynthesis and the antioxidant system were identified. Analysis of the promoters of key differentially expressed genes revealed many light-responsive, hormone-responsive, and stress-responsive elements, and many corresponding upstream transcription factors were also differentially expressed. These results provide a basis for understanding the physiological and molecular responses of tea plants to salt and alkali stress.
Kea (Nestor Notabilis) and the Ephemeral Reward Task: Success and Hurdles Explored
Authors: Seban Peter , Huber Ludwig , Schwing Raoul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Ephemeral Reward Task, employed in animal cognition research, appears deceptively straightforward but is, in reality, highly counterintuitive. Our study delved into the performance of kea (Nestor notabilis) on this task as well as investigating their motivation to acquire two pieces of reward as opposed to one in a basic quantity discrimination task. Both experiments were conducted using setups that featured visible and non-visible rewards. The results unveiled that a greater proportion of kea successfully solved the Ephemeral Reward Task when the rewards were directly visible, compared to when they were non-visible. Likewise, in the Quantity discrimination task, the kea exhibited a preference for selecting two pieces of reward over one, with higher success rates observed in the setup with visible rewards. These findings indicate that kea possess the potential to meet the success criteria in both tasks and demonstrate the ability to discriminate between quantities of rewards. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that not all subjects successfully solved the Quantity discrimination task, and even those that did accomplish it, did not do so spontaneously from the first session. Additionally, the study emphasizes the necessity to reevaluate the standardized 100-trial limit imposed by previous studies and advocates for employing testing to a criterion and adapting methodologies to account for individual motivations, ecological relevance, and prior experiences.
Improved mechanical and wear properties of Al-7Si-0.4Mg/AlN composite produced using the ultrasonic assisted stir casting process
Authors: Kumar T. Satish , Kumar K. Krishna , Nampoothiri Jayakrishnan , Pon Selvan Chithirai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Al-7Si-0.4Mg /AlN composites were successfully prepared by ultrasonic-assisted stir casting process. It was noticed that the ultrasonic treatment and incorporation of AlN particles were found to significantly improve the mechanical and wear properties of the matrix by grain refinement. The grain refinement and improved distribution of AlN particles in the Al-7Si-0.4Mg matrix aided in improving the tensile strength of the composites by about 32 % without appreciable decrease in ductility. Wear rate and friction coefficient was observed to decrease with increase in vol.% of AlN particles.