bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of serum high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels and glycated hemoglobin levels and periodontal status in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Shetty Shreya , Thoudam Bebika Devi , Thokchom Natasha , Khumukcham Sophia , Sajjan Akshata , Ponnan Soumya 
Published: April 2023

Background:
High levels of cholesterol in the body can be alarming and point toward a possible cardiac or diabetic problem. Current evidence reveals that the harmful low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol tend to increase in poorly controlled diabetes, whereas the useful high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known for its protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, is decreased. With a positive evidence of periodontal disease being implicated in diabetes, it was decided to investigate whether there was any association between serum HDL, LDL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and periodontal status with Type II diabetes mellitus patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 500 nonsmoking patients (males and females) aged between 35 and 55 years with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and no other systemic disease were selected from the diabetic center, Diacon hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Periodontal examination consisted of the clinical parameters, namely, attachment loss, gingival index (GI) and plaque index based on which the patients were divided into periodontally healthy and diseased groups. Blood samples were collected from each patient to evaluate the serum levels of HDL, LDL and HbA1c.

Results:
No significant differences were observed between the HDL, LDL and HbA1c levels in both the periodontal groups (P > 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed significant positive correlations of clinical attachment level with LDL and negative correlation with HbA1c, whereas GI has a positive correlation with LDL and negatively with HDL and Hba1c levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Varied associations were found between dyslipidemia, glycemic control and periodontal inflammation. Further longitudinal as well as interventional studies may be beneficial to ascertain the causal relationship between cholesterol levels, periodontal status and diabetes mellitus.
Awareness of probiotics among dental practitioners of Puducherry—A cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Santhanam Vidyalakshmi , Devi M , Aravindan R , Suganya Rajaram , Aroumugam Santhadevy , Babu M Aravind 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The efficiency of probiotics in prevention and also treatment of oral infections including dental caries, periodontitis, halitosis is found to be appealing in the recent literature. Their antagonistic role in oral infections is mainly through formation of biofilm which needs documentation. Though the emergence and practice of oral probiotics is visualized for the past two decades, the consumption and knowledge level is found to be less among the community. Stronger source to spread scientific evidence to the community would be health professionals.

Aim:
The current study is aimed at assessing the level of awareness of probiotics among dental practitioners of Puducherry thereby aid and assist in the beneficial practice of the same in the community.

Methods:
The knowledge level was assessed through a cross sectional survey using closed ended questionnaire. Involves practicing dentists of Puducherry (n-173). A prevalidated questionnaire with 17 closed ended and one open ended question was employed as the research tool.

Results:
The results revealed an acceptable knowledge in 77.4% and a greater level of knowledge in 20.8% of dentists. More number of studies are expected to fulfill the lacunae in the field of safety of usage and long term effects of probiotics.

Conclusion:
Responses of the current study which was focused on dental practitioners revealed that the knowledge level is well above the acceptable level. There is no profound difference in the awareness level noticed among BDS and MDS practitioners..
Unveiling the arcanum of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks
Authors: Begum Sameera , Prabhu Vishnudas , Mohanty Varshasnata , Upadhyaya K. Krishnaraj , Abdulla Riaz 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks are routinely preserved after pathological diagnosis and possess tremendous potential for biomarker discovery. These archival samples are prone to degradation on prolonged storage due to the formalin cross-linking.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate whether the storage period of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks had a significant impact on the yield and purity of the isolated DNA archived for 11 years.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology in accordance with the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Materials and Methods:
Genomic DNA extraction was performed using TaKaRa DEXPAT Easy DNA kit from 40 FFPE tissue blocks of oral squamous cell carcinoma archived for 11 years (2006–2017). NanoDrop spectrophotometer was used to determine the DNA yield (A260) and purity (A260/A280 ratio). The quality of DNA fragments was validated using agarose gel electrophoresis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was obtained by SPSS 22, MS Excel and analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. P < 0.05 was set for statistical significance.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference observed both in terms of DNA yield (P = 0.996) and purity (P = 0.997) of FFPE tumor blocks archived for 11 years among the study groups.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that, irrespective of years of storage of the FFPE, it is possible to extract genomic DNA and use it for molecular studies.
A retrospective study on immunohistochemical evaluation of CD34 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus
Authors: Shrikaar Manisha , Suwasini S , Chatterjee Kabita , Jha Anju , Kumar Madhuresh , Dave Kajal 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with an autoimmune inflammatory pathogenesis. Although the etiology of OLP is not known, it is considered to be a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disorder. Angiogenesis is the neoformation of anomalous blood vessels in preexisting vascular structures. Chronic inflammatory disease has been related with stimulus of uncharacteristic angiogenesis.

Aim:
The objective of this study was to analyze and appraise the role of angiogenesis in lichen planus by the expression of CD34 immunohistochemistry.

Material and Methods:
Group I, the control group, comprised 10 cases. Group II comprised 30 diagnosed cases of OLP. These 40 tissues were gauged for microvessel density (MVD) in four selected areas with high inflammatory infiltrate for the expression of CD34 antibody using immunohistochemistry.

Results and Conclusion:
Using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test we observed a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.0001). Patients with erosive pattern (146.30 ± 16.59) show the highest CD34 MVD than the patients with reticular pattern (104.90 ± 10.61), followed by normal subjects (43.04 ± 8.70). Hence, it can be concluded that angiogenesis is related to the pathogenesis and progression of OLP.
Decoding the link associated with areca nut chewing and cardiovascular disease using hsCRP as a biomarker
Authors: Vasanthi V , Thavarajah Rooban , Rao Umadevi K. , Joshua Elizabeth , Ranganathan Kannan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Chewing of areca nut is associated with various oral and systemic ill effects. The deleterious oral effects of areca nut have been widely documented to range from reactive lesions, periodontal health compromise to oral pre-cancer and cancerous states and have been described widely in the literature. The reported systemic effects of areca nut chewing are relatively less documented but reported in literature. Areca nut chewing may predispose to cardiovascular disease due to a systemic inflammatory response from the elevated levels of circulating inflammatory mediators. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a systemic inflammatory biomarker to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among areca nut chewers (n = 50) and non-chewers (n = 50). Areca nut chewers were considered as chewers/cases. Blood samples were collected from the participants and hsCRP levels were studied. The data were analysed using SPSS software, version 21 for statistical significance. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Mann–Whitney U test was done to analyse continuous variables. The level of statistical significance was set at P value < 0.05.

Results:
hsCRP mean was higher among the chewers (2.3 ± 3.7) compared to non-chewers (0.9 ± 1.3). The difference in hsCRP levels between the study group was statistically significant (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the link between areca nut and cardiovascular disease using hsCRP as biomarker.
Correlation of density of microvessels and myofibroblasts with the aggressiveness of central giant cell granulomas of jaws
Authors: Soni Jigar N. , S. Phulari Rashmi G. , Shah Arpan K. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a fairly common lesion involving the jaw bones. CGCG can show relatively innocuous biological behaviour or it may show clinicoradiological features suggestive of aggressive biological behaviour. To date, there are no histological parameters which can be used to predict the behaviour of these lesions. This study was conducted to assess the utility of parameters of angiogenesis, i.e., total vascular area (TVA), mean vascular area (MVA) and microvessel density (MVD), and density of myofibroblasts in aggressive and non-aggressive CGCGs.

Materials and Methods:
The study was undertaken as a retrospective study. A total of 20 previously diagnosed cases (10 non-aggressive and 10 aggressive) of CGCGs were included in the study. The sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry using the markers CD34 and α-SMA. For the assessment of vascular parameters, image J software was used. The density of myofibroblasts was determined in each case ranging from score-1 to 4, using the criteria given by Sridhara et al. The correlation between mean values of vascular parameters and density of myofibroblasts with aggressiveness of CGCG was assessed using Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
The result of Mann–Whitney U test suggested that the differences between the values of TVA (P < 0.001), MVA (P < 0.003) and density of myofibroblasts, i.e., SMA mean (P < 0.001) and SMA score (P < 0.001), in two groups are statistically significant. The formula for the assessment of aggressiveness was obtained using discriminant analysis.

Conclusions:
Angiogenesis and density of myofibroblasts significantly differ in aggressive and non-aggressive cases of CGCGs. The aggressiveness of CGCG case can be predicted using the obtained formula by entering the values of vascular parameters and myofibroblasts.
Papillary synovial metaplasia-like change in oral mucoceles
Authors: Pandiar Deepak , Anand Rahul , Kamboj Mala , Narwal Anjali , Devi Anju 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Mucoceles are mucus-filled cavities and are broadly of two types: mucus retention cysts and mucus extravasation phenomenon. A wide variety of histological features have been documented in the literature. The present study was an attempt to study these histological features: papillary synovial metaplasia-like changes (PSM-like changes) in particular.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and five tissue samples of mucoceles were retrieved and evaluated for age, gender, type, site, color, etiology, symptoms, dimension of the lesion and presence or absence of PSM-like changes. The results were documented on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed by using SPSS.

Results:
All 105 cases were of mucus extravasation phenomenon with a definitive male preponderance. The mean age of occurrence was 25.82 ± 11.65 years and a predilection for the lower lip. PSM-like changes were seen in 31 cases (Group II), and the remaining 74 cases did not show a definite presence of these features (Group I). The cases in Group II were statistically larger in dimension than Group I cases. No difference was noted in age, gender and laterality.

Conclusion:
PSM-like changes appear to be an underrecognized histological alteration seen in oral mucoceles and must be recognized to differentiate from other salivary gland entities showing papillary architecture.
Cemental annulation
Authors: Patil Aishwarya , Satish B N V S , Kondody Rony Tomy , Wali Vishal 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Estimation of age is an important aspect in determining a person's identity. Since teeth are resistant to decay and degradation, estimation of age using dental structures may be a valuable tool in human identification. Recent research suggests that tooth cemental annulation could be used as an effective method for age estimation than other morphologic or histological parameters.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 extracted teeth were chosen. Using a hard tissue microtome (SP 1600) longitudinal and transverse ground sections of 100 μm thickness of each tooth were prepared. It is further examined under light microscopy, polarized microscopy and phase-contrast microscopy. The images of longitudinal and transverse were magnified on a computer and the cemental lines were counted.

Results:
The present study showed is a strong positive correlation for cemental annulation between the calculated age and estimated age when phase-contrast microscopy was used in both longitudinal and transverse sections when compared with other microscopes. The correlation coefficient value was found more significant in the longitudinal section which implies that the phase-contrast microscope was highly reliable and had a significant correlation (P < 0.001) with the actual age compared to other microscopes.

Conclusion:
Cemental annulation by various microscopes improves accuracy in the prediction of age and also it allows for age estimation in cases where skeletal fragments are poorly preserved.
Antimicrobial efficiency of Tinospora cordifolia and Ocimum tenuiflorum against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans
Authors: Shivakumar Vanishree H. , Tegginamani Anand S. , Zain Nurhayati M. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The application of traditional medicinal plants and their products for treatment has been an integral part of our culture and continues to play a key role as many infectious microorganisms are resistant to synthetic drugs. Tinospora cordifolia and Ocimum tenuiflorum herbs have shown medicinal properties and have gained importance in modern research.

Aims:
This study assessed the antimicrobial activities of Tinospora cordifolia and Ocimum tenuiflorum against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans to conventional medications such as chlorhexidine and nystatin.

Methodology:
The S. mutans and C. albicans were grown and maintained on Columbia agar plates and yeast malt extract agar respectively. An ethanolic extract was made and subjected to rotary evaporation to remove the ethanol. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The standard drugs, 10 μg/disc nystatin and 0.12% chlorhexidine, were used as a positive control. The zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours.

Results:
At a concentration of 3 mgs., the zone of inhibition of 25.6 mm was found with T. cordifolia, followed by 15.8 mm with O. tenuiflorum against S. mutans, and 0.12% chlorhexidine, at 21.7 ± 0.43 mm. A zone of inhibition of 23 mm and 22.9 mm was observed in both T. cordifolia and O. tenuiflorum against C. albicans, respectively. Positive control of nystatin showed 26.1 ± 0.46 mm.
Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia has better antimicrobial activity against S. mutans compared to Ocimum tenuiflorum. Whereas at higher concentrations, both extracts were effective against C. albicans.
Assessment of condyle-coronoid angle and gonial angle for gender determination
Authors: Ingaleshwar Pramod , Bhosale Satish , Nimbulkar Gargi , Smitha T , Deepak V , Britto Frankantony 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The determination of gender is of utmost importance for forensic science and medico-legal purposes. The mandibular bone may play a vital role in gender determination as it is the most dimorphic bone of the skull that is often recovered intact. In this respect, orthopantomograms are of great value in accurate age and sex estimation. The mandibular angles, especially the gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex giving an indication about the vertical parameters and symmetry of the facial skeleton. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of mandibular gonial and coronoid-condyle angle measurements on digital panoramic images as an indicator for gender determination in the Bagalkot population.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 200 panoramic images (100 males and 100 females) of Bagalkot district patients aged (18–58) yrs old were selected. Two mandibular parameters 1) gonial angle and 2) condyle-coronoid angle were analyzed using trophy DICOM 6.1.2.0, masterview 4.2.0. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures were used to compare the gender and two sides (left and right) with respect to gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle.

Results:
The analysis of the present study confirmed a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides of the gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle in both genders. The mean comparison also shows a variation between males and females, based on gonial angle and condyle-coronoid values; females have statistically significant higher mean values than males. Based on the analysis, the present study concludes that this difference between males and females from both sides suggests that the gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle help in gender determination.

Conclusion:
The results of the study show that greater mandibular angle aids in gender dimorphism and proves to be beneficial in gender estimation. Gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle can be used to differentiate gender with high accuracy.
Unexpected additional pathologies at the surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sengupta Namrata , Sarode Sachin C. , Sarode Gargi S. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
There is a scarcity of literature on the presence of additional unexpected pathologies at the surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It is quite possible that such pathologies might get overlooked because of primary focus on the malignancy at the surgical margins. With this view in mind, a retrospective observational study has been designed to re-visit the surgical margins of OSCC for the possible presence of unexpected pathologies.

Methods:
Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of 96 cases (four surgical margins in each case) of OSCC were carefully examined under a compound microscope by two oral pathologists for the presence of any additional pathology.

Results:
Out of 96 specimens of OSCC, 76 (79.2%) cases showed the presence of accidental pathologies. The surgical margins of 20 (20.8%) cases showed no evidence of any pathology, whereas the margins of 23 (23.95%) cases were associated with more than one pathology. The most commonly observed accidental pathology was oral submucous fibrosis (40.625%), followed by leukoedema (16.675%), retention cysts (10.42%), and calcifications (7.3%). The mucous extravasation phenomenon (6.25%), minor salivary gland (MSG) inflammation (6.25%), and lichen planus (5.21%) were also observed in the surgical margins of OSCC.

Conclusion:
A significant number of accidental pathologies exist at the surgical margins of OSCC. This effect could be because of over-emphasis on the tumour status at the surgical margins, which leads to over-looking of minor pathologies.
Comparison of the push-out bond strength of different prefabricated fiber post systems: An in vitro study
Authors: Karabaş Ayşe , Avcu Güler Yildirim , Tatar Numan 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of post type and hydrothermal aging on the push-out bond strength of four different fiber post systems.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty extracted human upper central incisors were treated with root canal treatment and divided into four different groups according to the treated post system (UniCore post [group U] [n = 20], Reforpost fiber [group R] [n = 20], Voco Rebilda post GT [group V] [n = 20], and EverStick post [group E] [n = 20]). The posts of teeth in all groups were divided into three parts from coronal, middle, and apical aspects. Half of the samples in all groups were subjected to hydrothermal aging (10,000 cycles). All subjects were applied to the crosshead speed push-out bond strength test at a 1-mm/min rate until being fractured. Fracture types were determined with a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square tests statistically.

Results:
Bond strength values of EverStick post were significantly lower compared to the other groups (P < 0.01). In the presence/absence of hydrothermal aging, push-out bond strength in the coronal and middle regions was significantly higher compared to the apical region in all groups (P < 0.01). Bond strength values decreased in all groups following hydrothermal aging (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Push-out bond strength may be affected more negatively from coronal and middle of the tooth compared to its apical part. Hydrothermal aging may worsen the bond strength. The use of Reforpost fiber, VocoRebilda post GT, and UniCore posts may provide better bond strength compared to EverStick post.
Knowledge, attitudes, and performance of Iranian endodontists regarding patients with cardiovascular disorders: A cross sectional study
Authors: Ahmadi Negar , Kuzekanani Maryam , Walsh Laurence James , Mirzaee Moghaddameh 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
To achieve successful root canal treatments on cardiovascular patients, endodontists must have enough knowledge of these diseases and related considerations. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of Iranian endodontists regarding patients with cardiovascular disorders.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 101 specialist endodontists (41 men and 60 women) from different geographical parts of Iran. A 29-item questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and performance in terms of managing patients with cardiovascular disorders in specialist endodontic practice. Responses were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test with IBM SPSS version 22 software.

Results:
Knowledge was rated as favorable for 67.3% of respondents and as acceptable for the remaining 32.7%, while attitudes were rated as favorable for 40.6% and acceptable for 57.4%. Performance was graded as favorable for 75.2% and acceptable for the remaining 24.8.

Conclusion:
Overall the majority of Iranian Endodontists had a good level of knowledge regarding the management of patients with cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, because of the high importance of this medical intervention and the high number of patients dealing with cardiovascular disorders, the majority of the responders were still interested in promoting their knowledge on this topic through participating in continual educational programs.