bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the influences of different ventilation corridor forms on the thermal environment in Wuhan City in summer
Authors: Li Xuesong , Lin Kai , Shu Yulong , Lin Xindong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ventilation corridor is an essential element in urban planning and design to improve the climate and environment. In this paper, four forms of two ventilation corridors were set up in the southeast of Wuhan City based on its urban planning outline to quantitatively study the influences of different ventilation corridor forms on the urban thermal environment in summer. The urban micro-meteorological environment was simulated using the next-generation mesoscale Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model coupled with an urban canopy model (UCM). Critical time-dependent meteorological values were extracted and plotted, including temperature and wind difference fields, average temperature at 2-m height, average wind speed at 10-m height, and surface energy flux. By conducting a comparative analysis of the quantitative results, the ventilation corridors in construction land are arranged at intervals in the upwind position of the city in summer, which can slightly adjust the thermal environment of the central area of the city, and have an effective regulation on the temperature of the corridors and surrounding areas during the daytime. Especially at 15:00 pm when the temperature is at its highest during the day, the temperature can be reduced by 0.8 °C. Compared to other corridors, the wind speed in and around the corridor is the strongest 11 h a day. Due to the internal arrangement of construction land, this corridor form is more advantageous in the urban land utilization. After considering comprehensively, the ventilation corridor form with construction land arranged at intervals is the preferred corridor form in the southeast of Wuhan. The experimental results can provide quantitative reference for the layout of ventilation corridors in hot inland cities located in central China.
Dynamics and characteristics of misinformation related to earthquake predictions on Twitter
Authors: Dallo Irina , Elroy Or , Fallou Laure , Komendantova Nadejda , Yosipof Abraham 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe spread of misinformation on social media can lead to inappropriate behaviors that can make disasters worse. In our study, we focused on tweets containing misinformation about earthquake predictions and analyzed their dynamics. To this end, we retrieved 82,129 tweets over a period of 2 years (March 2020–March 2022) and hand-labeled 4157 tweets. We used RoBERTa to classify the complete dataset and analyzed the results. We found that (1) there are significantly more not-misinformation than misinformation tweets; (2) earthquake predictions are continuously present on Twitter with peaks after felt events; and (3) prediction misinformation tweets sometimes link or tag official earthquake notifications from credible sources. These insights indicate that official institutions present on social media should continuously address misinformation (even in quiet times when no event occurred), check that their institution is not tagged/linked in misinformation tweets, and provide authoritative sources that can be used to support their arguments against unfounded earthquake predictions.
Structure-based modeling of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of anionic surfactants in brine using intelligent methods
Authors: Abooali Danial , Soleimani Reza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCritical micelle concentration (CMC) is one of the main physico-chemical properties of surface-active agents, also known as surfactants, with diverse theoretical and industrial applications. It is influenced by basic parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, and the chemical structure of surfactants. Most studies have only estimated CMC at fixed conditions based on the surfactant’s chemical parameters. In the present study, we aimed to develop a set of novel and applicable models for estimating CMC of well-known anionic surfactants by considering both the molecular properties of surfactants and basic affecting factors such as salinity, pH, and temperature as modeling parameters. We employed the quantitative-structural property relationship technique to employ the molecular parameters of surfactant ions. We collected 488 CMC values from literature for 111 sodium-based anionic surfactants, including sulfate types, sulfonate, benzene sulfonate, sulfosuccinate, and polyoxyethylene sulfate. We computed 1410 optimized molecular descriptors for each surfactant using Dragon software to be utilized in the modelling processes. The enhanced replacement method was used for selecting the most effective descriptors for the CMC. A multivariate linear model and two non-linear models are the outputs of the present study. The non-linear models were produced using two robust machine learning approaches, stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) trees and genetic programming (GP). Statistical assessment showed highly applicable and acceptable accuracy of the newly developed models (RSGB2 = 0.999395 and RGP2 = 0.954946). The ultimate results showed the superiority and greater ability of the SGB method for making confident predictions.
Halide-guided active site exposure in bismuth electrocatalysts for selective CO2 conversion into formic acid
Authors: Yang Shuang , An Hongyu , Arnouts Sven , Wang Hui , Yu Xiang , de Ruiter Jim , Bals Sara , Altantzis Thomas , Weckhuysen Bert M. , van der Stam Ward 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt remains a challenge to identify the active sites of bismuth catalysts in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Here we show through in situ characterization that the activation of bismuth oxyhalide electrocatalysts to metallic bismuth is guided by the halides. In situ X-ray diffraction results show that bromide promotes the selective exposure of planar bismuth surfaces, whereas chloride and iodide result in more disordered active sites. Furthermore, we find that bromide-activated bismuth catalysts outperform the chloride and iodide counterparts, achieving high current density (>100 mA cm–2) and formic acid selectivity (>90%), suggesting that planar bismuth surfaces are more active for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. In addition, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal that the reconstruction proceeds rapidly in chloride-activated bismuth and gradually when bromide is present, facilitating the formation of ordered planar surfaces. These findings show the pivotal role of halogens on selective facet exposure in activated bismuth-based electrocatalysts during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction.
Cas13d-mediated multiplex RNA targeting confers a broad-spectrum resistance against RNA viruses in potato
Authors: Zhan Xiaohui , Liu Wenting , Nie Bihua , Zhang Fengjuan , Zhang Jiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCRISPR-Cas systems endow the bacterial and archaeal species with adaptive immune mechanisms to fend off invading phages and foreign plasmids. The class 2 type VI CRISPR/Cas effector Cas13d has been harnessed to confer the protection against RNA viruses in diverse eukaryotic species. However a vast number of different viruses can potentially infect the same host plant resulting in mixed infection, thus necessitating the generation of crops with broad-spectrum resistance to multiple viruses. Here we report the repurposing of CRISPR/Cas13d coupled with an endogenous tRNA-processing system (polycistronic tRNA-gRNA, PTG) to target the multiple potato RNA viruses. Expression of Cas13d and four different gRNAs were observed in transgenic potato lines expressing the Cas13d/PTG construct. We show that the Cas13d/PTG transgenic plants exhibit resistance to either PVY, PVS, PVX or PLRV alone or two/three viruses simultaneously by reducing viral accumulation in plant cells. In sum, our findings provide an efficient strategy for engineering crops that can simultaneously resist infection by multiple RNA viruses.
Harnessing human and machine intelligence for planetary-level climate action
Authors: Debnath Ramit , Creutzig Felix , Sovacool Benjamin K. , Shuckburgh Emily 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ongoing global race for bigger and better artificial intelligence (AI) systems is expected to have a profound societal and environmental impact by altering job markets, disrupting business models, and enabling new governance and societal welfare structures that can affect global consensus for climate action pathways. However, the current AI systems are trained on biased datasets that could destabilize political agencies impacting climate change mitigation and adaptation decisions and compromise social stability, potentially leading to societal tipping events. Thus, the appropriate design of a less biased AI system that reflects both direct and indirect effects on societies and planetary challenges is a question of paramount importance. In this paper, we tackle the question of data-centric knowledge generation for climate action in ways that minimize biased AI. We argue for the need to co-align a less biased AI with an epistemic web on planetary health challenges for more trustworthy decision-making. A human-in-the-loop AI can be designed to align with three goals. First, it can contribute to a planetary epistemic web that supports climate action. Second, it can directly enable mitigation and adaptation interventions through knowledge of social tipping elements. Finally, it can reduce the data injustices associated with AI pretraining datasets.
A non‐50 Ω‐RMCL transition designed for on‐chip measurement in the 0–170 GHz frequency range
Authors: Yuan Qi , Sun Tingting , Tang Bo , Wang Zhen , Shi Guanghua , Guo Cheng , Zhang Anxue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe authors present the design of a rectangular micro‐coaxial line (RMCL) to ground‐to‐ground (GSG) probe pad transition for broadband millimetre‐wave (mmW) probe testing. The proposed transition is designed to effectively operate across the frequency range from DC to 170 GHz, providing the capability to convert non‐50 Ω RMCL ports to 50 Ω GSG ports. To validate the design methodology, the back‐to‐back model of the transition is fabricated and experimentally characterised. The fabricated transition exhibits a remarkable return loss exceeding 18 dB, along with an insertion loss below 0.4 dB within the frequency span of 0–75 GHz. With this transition, on‐chip measurement of non‐50 Ω ultra‐wideband millimetre‐wave chips becomes feasible.
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey
Authors: Gong Y. , Ortiz-León G. N. , Rugel M. R. , Menten K. M. , Brunthaler A. , Wyrowski F. , Henkel C. , Beuther H. , Dzib S. A. , Urquhart J. S. , Yang A. Y. , Pandian J. D. , Dokara R. , Veena V. S. , Nguyen H. , Medina S.-N. X. , Cotton W. D. , Reich W. , Winkel B. , Müller P. , Skretas I. , Csengeri T. , Khan S. , Cheema A. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Cygnus X is one of the closest and most active high-mass star-forming regions in our Galaxy, making it one of the best laboratories for studying massive star formation.
Aims. We aim to investigate the properties of molecular gas structures on different linear scales with the 4.8 GHz formaldehyde (H2CO) absorption line in Cygnus X.
Methods. As part of the GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey, we performed large-scale (7º×3º) simultaneous H2CO (11,0–11,1) spectral line and radio continuum imaging observations toward Cygnus X at λ ~6 cm with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Effelsberg 100 m radio telescope. We used auxiliary HI, 13CO (1–0), dust continuum, and dust polarization data for our analysis.
Results. Our Effelsberg observations reveal widespread H2CO (11,0–11,1) absorption with a spatial extent of ≳50 pc in Cygnus X for the first time. On large scales of 4.4 pc, the relative orientation between the local velocity gradient and the magnetic field tends to be more parallel at H2 column densities of ≳1.8×1022 cm−2. On the smaller scale of 0.17 pc, our VLA+Effelsberg combined data reveal H2CO (11,0–11,1) absorption only towards three bright HII regions. Our observations demonstrate that H2CO (11,0–11,1) is optically thin in general. The kinematic analysis supports the assertion that molecular clouds generally exhibit supersonic motions on scales of 0.17−4.4 pc. We show a non-negligible contribution of the cosmic microwave background radiation to the extended absorption features in Cygnus X. Our observations suggest that H2CO (11,0–11,1) can trace molecular gas with H2 column densities of ≳5 × 1021 cm−2 (i.e., AV ≳ 5). The ortho-H2CO fractional abundance with respect to H2 has a mean value of 7.0 × 10−10. A comparison of the velocity dispersions on different linear scales suggests that the velocity dispersions of the dominant −3 km s−1 velocity component in the prominent DR21 region are nearly identical on scales of 0.17−4.4 pc, which deviates from the expected behavior of classic turbulence.
Quo vadis Pflegeversicherung?
Authors: Bahnsen Lewe , Wild Frank 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Alterung der deutschen Bevölkerung stellt die Pflegeversicherung
zunehmend vor Herausforderungen. Eine merkliche Zunahme der Zahl der
Pflegebedürftigen wird Druck auf die Finanzen insbesondere der Sozialen
Pflegeversicherung verursachen. In der Konsequenz wird der Beitragssatz
zukünftig ansteigen müssen, um Leistungsversprechen halten zu
können. Jüngste Reformen befeuern diese Notwendigkeit. Die
Politik ist deshalb gefordert, einen langfristigen und nachhaltigen Reformansatz
für die Pflege zu finden. Es bedarf grundlegender Strukturreformen, die
neben einer Weiterentwicklung der Finanzierung auch die Versorgungsinfrastruktur
im Blick haben.
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Single Crowns or Short Fixed Partial Dentures Supported by Short (≤6 mm) Dental Implants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hashemi Sara , Tabatabaei Shivasadat , Baghaei Kimia , Fathi Amirhossein , Atash Ramin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLong-term clinical outcomes of short dental implants (≤6 mm) supporting single crowns or short fixed partial dentures have been reported differently in different studies and need more clarification. This systematic study evaluated the rate of bone loss (BL), the durability of implants equal to or shorter than 6 mm supporting single crowns or short fixed partial dentures, and prosthetic-related side effects during 5 years of follow-up. Five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) were electronically and manually searched for longitudinal studies with a follow-up period of 5 years or more until January 2023. The study question was, “Does the implant equal to or shorter than 6 mm affect BL and survival rate of the implant-supported prosthesis after 5 years of follow-up?”. From 752 identified articles, nine studies were selected for further evaluation. After 5 years of follow-up, most studies had more than 90% survival rate and the maximum BL was 0.54 mm. Still, in internal and external connections, these changes were not substantial. For example, screw loosening was the most common problem with implanted prostheses. Implants of 6 mm or shorter are a suitable treatment option in atrophic ridges with good durability and fewer side effects during a follow-up period of more than 5 years.
Risk Stratification of Early Breast Cancer (HR +/HER 2–) by CanAssist Breast and Its Corelation with Other Online Prognostic Tools: Experience from a Single Center
Authors: Bapna Ajay , Patni Sanjeev , Patni Nidhi , Gupta Anil Kumar , Samar Aseem Kumar , Ledwani Naresh , Gupta Tarachand , Agarwal Pawan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction Risk assessment by various methods for HR +/HER2– early-stage breast cancer (EBC) patients help clinicians stratify risk and tailor individual treatment. Multiple prognostic tests are available, both free and expensive. Free prognostic tools, the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), and modified Adjuvant Online (mAOL) rely on clinical parameters. CanAssist Breast (CAB) considers both clinical parameters and tumor biology for assessing the risk of recurrence.
Objectives The objective is to assess risk by CAB, NPI, and mAOL and discern the differences in the risk stratification in the EBC cohort of Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Methods Study cohort comprises 100 patients. Risk concordance was assessed by the kappa correlation coefficient and restratification analysis between risk groups of CAB, NPI, and mAOL was assessed using a two-sided p-value.
Results Cohort was predominated by patients aged above 50, with T2/N0/G2 tumors. Low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) proportions by CAB, NPI, and mAOL were 67:33, 19:81, and 14:86, respectively. Across both age groups, CAB stratified more patients as LR compared with NPI and mAOL. In subgroups of patients with N0, G2, and T2 tumors, CAB identified significantly (p < 0.0001) higher (3–8 times) patients as LR than NPI and mAOL. In patients with T1/G1 tumors, risk proportions were similar by all three tools. Interestingly, CAB LR (57%) was four times that of NPI (14%) in the N1 subgroup. In G3 tumors CAB LR was 13%. mAOL failed to identify LR in the N1 and G3 subgroups and NPI in the G3 subgroup. There was poor agreement between CAB and NPI/mAOL (k 0.14 [95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.24]/0.11 [0.02–0.20]). Up to 11% of mAOL/NPI LR were detected as HR by CAB and up to 63% of mAOL and NPI HR as LR by CAB.
Conclusion Prognostication by tools that use clinical parameters alone might be inadequate. Prognostication using CAB that integrates critical biomarkers indicative of tumor biology along with clinical parameters could be significant. The earlier published data on CAB across various ethnic cohorts and its comparable performance with Oncotype DX makes CAB a relevant prognostic test in HR +/HER2– EBC to make decisions on chemotherapy use.
Regional carbon efficiency and corporate cash holdings: evidence from China
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Chen Wen , Hu Tao , Yang Bo , Zeng Jianguang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImproving regional carbon efficiency is significant for achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality. Local governments’ carbon reduction regulations to improve regional carbon efficiency greatly influence the macro environment of enterprise production and operation. However, only some studies have focused on the relationship between regional carbon efficiency and corporate production and operation. Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2019, this study aims to identify the impact and influencing mechanism of regional carbon efficiency on corporate cash holdings. The main results are as follows. (1) With the improvement of regional carbon efficiency, the cash holdings level of enterprises can be reduced. The reason is that facing the dual tasks of reducing carbon emissions and promoting economic growth, the uncertainty of China’s local government’s carbon reduction policy will be more obvious. This is bound to have uncertain impacts on enterprises in many aspects, resulting in local enterprises facing carbon risk. Regional carbon efficiency will reduce carbon risk and weaken the preventive motivation of enterprises holding cash under the condition of stabilizing enterprise cash flow, alleviating financing constraints and improving the availability of external funds. (2) Regional carbon efficiency reduces the cash holdings of enterprises by improving corporate debt financing capability and promoting long-term investment. That is because improvements in regional carbon efficiency can reduce the carbon risks faced by enterprises. In terms of cash source, it can alleviate the financing constraints of enterprises, while in terms of cash destination, it may promote enterprises to make long-term investments and reduce cash holdings. This study enriches the literature on the factors influencing corporate cash holdings, documents the initiative of Chinese enterprises to participate in peak carbon programs and carbon neutral actions, and may enhance support for carbon emissions reduction in developing countries.
Computer-aided design of quadra-ridged waveguide transformers for full-band matching of half-height rectangular waveguides
Authors: Jiang Senjie , Wang Qingyuan , Su Rongrong 
Published: August 2023

A quadra-ridged waveguide transformer (QRWT) is proposed for full-band matching between a standard waveguide and a half-height waveguide, which meets the need for compact waveguide components and the need for multiple sections of irregular transmission lines for better matching in wider operation bands. Unlike conventional matching circuits with monotonically changing impedances, QRWTs form abrupt cross-section changes between transmission line steps. The initial configuration of QRWT is built by CST MICROWAVE STUDIO, a system-level electromagnetic compatibility and general high frequency passive device simulation software, according to the basic electromagnetic (EM) concept and then is optimized by optimization functions from an advanced EM simulator, during the optimization, releasing restrictions as many as possible. To explain the concept, a sample QRWT is designed to match a standard rectangular waveguide WR34 to a half-height waveguide. The reflection coefficient is less than −24 dB in the full operation bandwidth, from 21.7 to 33 GHz. The optimized QRWT has a length of 3.088 mm, 0.218 times the waveguide wavelength at its center operation frequency of 27.35 GHz. For comparison, a two-stage quarter-wave transformer matching circuit is optimized. For similar reflection coefficients in the same bandwidth, the QRWT has a length 57% shorter than the conventional one, and it has an easier manufacturing method using wire-electrode cutting. To verify the design, a back-to-back matching circuit was fabricated using brass material without extra dielectric material. Its measured reflections are less than −16.6 dB, and the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB.
Environmental variation in an increasing incidence of dead trees in lowland to subalpine eucalypt forests and woodlands 2011–2021
Authors: Liu Zimeng , Kirkpatrick Jamie B. 
Published: August 2023

Context There are not many analyses of variation in patterns and potential causes of tree death in eucalypt forests covering wide environmental gradients. Aims To determine the environmental patterns of standing and fallen dead trees in forests over 1200 m of elevation and whether tree death has increased as the climate has become warmer, drier and windier. Methods We measured tree death in 2011 and 2021 in the lowland to subalpine forests near Hobart, Tasmania, Australia and determined the best predictors of its incidence and change. High-resolution satellite images obtained from Nearmap were perused to count dead standing trees, fallen dead trees and live trees in a stratified random selection of 250, 4 ha sites, 10 of which were ground-truthed. Elevation, climatic variables, aspect, slope, fire history, soil type and vegetation type were used as potential predictors of tree death. General linear models were developed to explain response variables. Key results Standing dead trees increased 133% from 1.7 to 2.3 per ha between 2011 and 2021. Fallen dead trees increased 160%. Variables that were significant in at least one of the models for 2011 standing dead trees, 2011 fallen trees, change in standing dead trees 2011–2021 and changes in fallen dead trees 2011–2021 were elevation, fire history, aspect class, several vegetation types and several soil types. Conclusions Deficits in soil moisture as a major cause of death is consistent with several components of these models, with fire history possibly having a legacy effect and wind exposure possibly influencing the balance between standing and fallen dead trees. Implications Tree mortality is likely to move upslope with warming and drying. Managing the understorey of dry forests using fire might help in reducing competition for moisture, and, thus, reduce tree death in susceptible forest communities, but severe fires are likely to cause considerable mortality.