bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the possibility of the existence of orienting hydrodynamic steering effects in the kinetics of receptor–ligand association
Authors: Antosiewicz Jan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the vast majority of biologically relevant cases of receptor-ligand complex formation, the binding site of the receptor is a small part of its surface, and moreover, formation of a biologically active complex often requires a specific orientation of the ligand relative to the binding site. Before the formation of the initial form of the complex, only long-range, electrostatic and hydrodynamic interactions can act between the ligand approaching the binding site and the receptor. In this context, the question arises whether as a result of these interactions, there is a pre-orientation of the ligand towards the binding site, which to some extent would accelerate the formation of the complex. The role of electrostatic interactions in the orientation of the ligand relative to the binding site of the receptor is well documented. The analogous role of hydrodynamic interactions, although assessed as very significant by Brune and Kim (PNAS 91, 2930–2934, (1994)), is still debatable. In this article, I present the current state of knowledge on this subject and consider the possibilities of demonstrating the orienting effect of hydrodynamic interactions in the processes of receptor–ligand association, in an experimental way supported by computer simulations.
Occipital artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass: a cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Yuan Yong , Wang Xiaolong , Han Li , Tuo Yuanzhao , Wu Bomeng , Ding Xinmin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To demonstrate that occipital artery (OA)-p1 posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) bypass can be an alternative for complex posterior circulation aneurysms.

Methods
A far-lateral approach to craniotomy was performed on 20 cadaveric specimens, and the OA was obtained 'in-line.' Its length, diameter, and the number of p1/p2 and p3 segmental perforators were determined, and the relationship between the caudal loop and cerebellar tonsil position was also assessed. The distance between the PICA’s origin and the cranial nerve XI (CN XI), the buffer length above the CN XI after dissection, the OA length required to complete the OA-p1/p3 PICA bypass, and the p1 and p3 segment diameters were all measured. A bypass training practical scale (TSIO) was used to evaluate the quality of the anastomosis.

Results
All specimens underwent OA-p1 PICA end-to-end bypass and had favorable results for the TSIO score, 15 sides underwent OA-p3 PICA end-to-side bypass, and the other bypass protocols were less common. The buffer length above the CN XI after dissection, the distance between the PICA’s origin and the CN XI, and the first perforator were all of sufficient length. The direct length of the OA needed to complete the OA-p1 PICA end-to-end bypass was significantly less than the available length and the OA-p3 PICA end-to-side bypass, with the OA matching the p1 segment diameter. The number of p1 perforators was less than that of p3, and the OA diameter was equal to that of the p1 segment.

Conclusion
OA-p1 PICA end-to-end bypass is a feasible alternative in cases in which p3 segment has high caudal loops or anatomic anomalies.
Current treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a clinician's perspective
Authors: Katarzyna Pawlak-Buś , Wiktor Schmidt , Ewa Dudziec , Piotr Leszczyński 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Its variable course makes it difficult to standardize patient treatment. This article aims at a literature review on available drugs for treating SLE and on drugs that have shown therapeutic effects in this disease. The PubMed/MEDLINE electronic search engine was used to identify relevant studies. This review presents the current therapeutic options, new biological therapies, and combination therapies of biologics with standard immunosuppressive and immunomodulating drugs. We have also underlined the importance to implement the treat-to-target strategy aimed at reducing or discontinuing therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCs). The awareness of the benefits and risks of using GCs helps in refining their dosage and thereby obtaining a better safety profile. The advent of biological targeted therapies, and more recently, low-molecular-weight compounds such as kinase inhibitors, initiated numerous clinical trials in SLE patients and led to the approval of two biological drugs, belimumab, and anifrolumab, for SLE treatment. Progress in the treatment of SLE was reflected in the 2019 and 2021 recommendations of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR). However, a mass of recent clinical research data requires continuous consolidation to optimize patient outcomes.
Valid and reliable diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT in anterior cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Liu Di , Hu Ping , Cai Zi-Jun , Lu Wen-Hao , Pan Lin-Yuan , Liu Xu , Peng Xian-Jing , Li Yu-Sheng , Xiao Wen-Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To determine whether dual-energy CT (DECT) can be used to accurately and reliably detect anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture.

Materials and methods
Participants with unilateral ACL rupture were prospectively enrolled, and the bilateral knees were scanned by DECT. A tissue-specific mapping algorithm was applied to improve the visualization of the ACLs. The 80-keV CT value, mixed-keV CT value, electron density (Rho), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were measured to quantitatively differentiate torn ACLs from normal ACLs. MRI and arthroscopy served as the reference standards.

Results
Fifty-one participants (mean age, 27.0 ± 8.7 years; 31 men) were enrolled. Intact and torn ACLs were explicitly differentiated on color-coded DECT images. The 80-keV CT value, mixed-keV CT value, and Rho were significantly lower for the torn ACLs than for the intact ACLs (p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values were an 80-keV CT value of 61.8 HU, a mixed-keV CT value of 60.9 HU, and a Rho of 51.8 HU, with AUCs of 98.0% (95% CI: 97.0–98.9%), 99.2% (95% CI: 98.6–99.7%), and 99.8% (95% CI: 99.6–100.0%), respectively. Overall, DECT had almost perfect reliability and validity in detecting ACL integrity (sensitivity = 97.1% [95% CI: 88.1–99.8%]; specificity = 98.0% [95% CI: 89.5–99.9%]; PPV = 98.0% [95% CI: 93.0–99.8%]; NPV = 97.1% [95% CI: 91.7–99.4%]; accuracy = 97.5% [95% CI: 94.3–99.2%]). There was no evidence of a difference between MRI and DECT in the diagnostic performance (p > 0.99).

Conclusion
DECT has excellent diagnostic accuracy and reliability in qualitatively and quantitatively diagnosing ACL rupture.

Clinical relevance statement
DECT could validly and reliably diagnose ACL rupture using both qualitative and quantitative methods, which may become a promising substitute for MRI to evaluate the integrity of injured ACLs and the maturity of postoperative ACL autografts.

Key Points
• On color-coded DECT images, an uncolored ACL was a reliable sign for qualitatively diagnosing ACL rupture.
• The 80-keV CT value, mixed-keV CT value, and Rho were significantly lower for the torn ACLs than for the intact ACLs, which contributed to the quantitative diagnosis of ACL rupture.
• DECT had an almost perfect diagnostic performance for ACL rupture, and diagnostic capability was comparable between MRI and DECT.
Comparative analysis of toxicity in patients with anal cancer undergoing definitive simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) or sequential integrated boost (SeqB) radiotherapy
Authors: Rotondi Margherita , Facondo Giuseppe , Mossa Stefano , Vullo Gianluca , Angelicone Ilaria , Valeriani Maurizio , Osti Mattia Falchetto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare toxicity of radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant chemotherapy (CHT) in patients (pts) with anal cancer treated with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) versus sequential boost (SeqB).

Methods
Sixty-six patients were treated from 2007 to 2021. Thirty patients underwent to SeqB concurrent to CHT and 37 to SIB-group. Toxicity assessment has been considered in acute and in late toxicities for gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU), cutaneous (CU) districts, according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), Version 5.0. The Wexner scale among summary scoring systems has been used as a tool to measure fecal incontinence. The chi-square test for ordinal variables were used to evaluate the association between patient and treatment characteristics and acute or late severe toxicity. Univariable logistic regression models were fit to evaluate predictive factors associated with fecal incontinence.

Results
Median follow-up was 61.5 months (IQR, 27.1–121.7 months) for all patients. Severe acute toxicity (≥ G2) was observed in 49 patients (74.2%). Late toxicity (≥ G2) occurred in 13 cases (19.6%). In assessment of cutaneous toxicity, there was also a significant reduction in ≥ G1 in SIB group with 29 patients (80.5%) vs SeqB group with 29 patients (96.6%) (p-value = 0.046). Of both groups 11 patients (16.6%) developed fecal incontinence, 8 (22%) in the SIB group and 3 (10%) in the SeqB.

Conclusion
SIB for anal cancer treatment results in reduced acute and late cutaneous toxicity compared to SeqB. According to our results the rate of other acute and late toxicities are low and comparable between the two groups.
Insights into human kidney function from the study of Drosophila
Authors: Koehler Sybille , Huber Tobias B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiological and biomedical research using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism has gained recognition through several Nobel prizes within the last 100 years. Drosophila exhibits several advantages when compared to other in vivo models such as mice and rats, as its life cycle is very short, animal maintenance is easy and inexpensive and a huge variety of transgenic strains and tools are publicly available. Moreover, more than 70% of human disease-causing genes are highly conserved in the fruit fly. Here, we explain the use of Drosophila in nephrology research and describe two kidney tissues, Malpighian tubules and the nephrocytes. The latter are the homologous cells to mammalian glomerular podocytes and helped to provide insights into a variety of signaling pathways due to the high morphological similarities and the conserved molecular make-up between nephrocytes and podocytes. In recent years, nephrocytes have also been used to study inter-organ communication as links between nephrocytes and the heart, the immune system and the muscles have been described. In addition, other tissues such as the eye and the reproductive system can be used to study the functional role of proteins being part of the kidney filtration barrier.
Meowing dogs: can dogs recognize cats in a cross-modal violation of expectancy task (Canis familiaris)?
Authors: Lõoke Miina , Guérineau Cécile , Broseghini Anna , Marinelli Lieta , Mongillo Paolo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDogs can recognize conspecifics in cross-modal audio–video presentations. In this paper, we aimed at exploring if such capability extends to the recognition of cats, and whether it is influenced by exposure to these animals. To reach our aim, we enrolled 64 pet dogs. Half of the dogs were currently living with cats, while the rest had never been living with cats, nor were at the time of the experiment. All dogs underwent a cross-modal violation of expectancy experiment, where they were presented with either a cat or a dog vocalization, followed by a video of either species on a blank background. The result revealed that dogs did not exhibit a surprise reaction towards the incoherent stimuli of a cat vocalization and a dog video or vice-versa, implying that they had not recognized the stimuli portraying cats. The pattern of results did not differ between dogs living or not with cats, implying that exposure to a limited number of cats, however, prolonged, is not sufficient to grant dogs with the ability to recognize them on audio–video presentations. We propose that the lack of recognition could be due to the small number of individual cats the dogs are regularly exposed to, or to the possible lack of early exposure to cats during the socialization phase.
Ramping down a clinical 3 T scanner: a journey into MRI and MRS at 0.75 T
Authors: Guenthner Christian , Peereboom Sophie Marie , Dillinger Hannes , McGrath Charles , Albannay Mohammed Masoud , Vishnevskiy Valery , Fuetterer Max , Luechinger Roger , Jenneskens Theo , Sturzenegger Urs , Overweg Johan , Koken Peter , Börnert Peter , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Object
Lower-field MR is reemerging as a viable, potentially cost-effective alternative to high-field MR, thanks to advances in hardware, sequence design, and reconstruction over the past decades. Evaluation of lower field strengths, however, is limited by the availability of lower-field systems on the market and their considerable procurement costs. In this work, we demonstrate a low-cost, temporary alternative to purchasing a dedicated lower-field MR system.

Materials and Methods
By ramping down an existing clinical 3 T MRI system to 0.75 T, proton signals can be acquired using repurposed 13C transmit/receive hardware and the multi-nuclei spectrometer interface. We describe the ramp-down procedure and necessary software and hardware changes to the system.

Results
Apart from presenting system characterization results, we show in vivo examples of cardiac cine imaging, abdominal two- and three-point Dixon-type water/fat separation, water/fat-separated MR Fingerprinting, and point-resolved spectroscopy. In addition, the ramp-down approach allows unique comparisons of, e.g., gradient fidelity of the same MR system operated at different field strengths using the same receive chain, gradient coils, and amplifiers.

Discussion
Ramping down an existing MR system may be seen as a viable alternative for lower-field MR research in groups that already own multi-nuclei hardware and can also serve as a testing platform for custom-made multi-nuclei transmit/receive coils.
Ultrasound measurement of umbilical venous flow volume at the intra-abdominal portion in normal fetuses
Authors: Ozawa Katsusuke , Kanazawa Seiji , Mikami Masashi , Muromoto Jin , Sugibayashi Rika , Wada Seiji , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Umbilical venous flow volume (UVFV) measured using ultrasound can be used to assess placental circulation in a fetus. UVFV measured at the intra-abdominal portion using half the maximum flow velocity of the umbilical vein (UV) has good reproducibility with low variance. However, reference values in previous reports were based on a small number of cases with a wide reference range. In the present study, we evaluated UVFV standard values measured at the intra-abdominal portion in normal Japanese fetuses.

Methods
Measurements were performed on normal pregnant women during routine ultrasound screening at around 20 or 30 weeks of gestation. The diameter and flow velocity of the UV were measured at the fetal abdomen point between the insertion of the UV and branches of the portal vein. UVFV (ml/min) was calculated as follows: (UV diameter [cm]/2)2 × maximum velocity [cm/s] × 0.5 × 3.14 × 60).

Results
A total of 278 pregnant women were included in the study. UVFV increased with gestational weeks, and UVFV per estimated fetal weight (EFW) slightly decreased with increasing gestational weeks. The 50th (10th–90th) percentiles of UVFV per EFW at 20, 25, and 30 weeks of gestation were 130 (105–165), 123 (94–147), and 104 (80–131) ml/min/kg, respectively.

Conclusion
New UVFV reference values measured at the intra-abdominal portion of fetuses using large-scale samples were established. Future studies should assess fetuses under pathologic conditions using UVFV reference values.
Heavy infection of the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) with Huffmanela japonica: morphological, ultrastructural identification, tissue reactions and immunological analysis
Authors: Attia Marwa M. , Ibrahim Mustafa M. , Mahmoud Mahmoud A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the causative agent of black spots which observed in the mesentery, adipose tissue and peritoneum of orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. The parasitological examination using light and electron microscope confirmed infection with trichosomoidid parasite, genus Huffmanela, which identified as Huffmanela japonica (H. japonica). The examined eggs were present in two stages (stage 1, mature light brown eggs with larva; stage 2, advanced dark brown eggs with grown larva). The histopathological alteration of the infected tissues together with determination of immunological gene expression in different organs demonstrated prominent response of the host tissues against the studied parasite. Pathological examination of the infected fish revealed that the lesions were mainly in the mesenteric and diffuse pancreatic tissues which present in the abdominal fat. Granulomas containing eggs and mononuclear and eosinophilic granular cell infiltrations, together with fat necrosis of the pancreatic tissue, were the most common pathological findings. Migrating larvae and peritoneal adhesions with organised fibrosis were also observed. In the infected tissues as well as in the spleen, liver and kidney, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were upregulated than in control non-infected fish. Our results confirmed that H. japonica is infecting orange-spotted grouper caught from the Red Sea in Egypt with prominent tissue specificity in the mesentery, adipose tissue surrounding the intestine, and in the peritoneum.
Differentiating the effects of organic management, pesticide reduction, and landscape diversification for arthropod conservation in viticulture
Authors: Kaczmarek Marvin , Entling Martin H. , Hoffmann Christoph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiodiversity loss is a main challenge for agricultural sustainability. Major drivers include local management and landscape simplification. Therefore, conservation measures aim to increase organic agriculture, reduce pesticide use, and increase the proportion of semi-natural habitats (SNH). Yet, it is important to understand the effects of such measures. We investigate how arthropod biomass, taxa richness, and community composition in Malaise trap samples are affected by organic management, pesticide use, and SNH in the landscape. The 32 studied vineyards were chosen in a crossed design of management (organic vs. conventional) and pesticide use (regular vs. reduced) along a gradient of landscape composition. Pesticide reduction by 55% was obtained by including half of the vineyards with fungus-resistant grape (FRG) varieties. Malaise trap samples were weighed and arthropods identified using metabarcoding. Surprisingly, biomass was almost one-third higher in conventionally managed vineyards compared to organic ones. Taxa richness increased by more than one third when the proportion of SNH in a radius of 1,000 m in the surrounding landscape increased from zero to 50%. Diptera richness tended to be 4% higher in conventionally managed vineyards and the richness of Hymenoptera was 9% higher in FRG varieties. Community composition changed with the proportion of SNH and differed between organic and conventional management. Overall, organic viticulture was not effective to enhance the arthropod community, which was dominated by flying insects in our study. Agricultural policies should therefore rather preserve and promote SNH in the surrounding in order to promote arthropod biodiversity in viticultural landscapes.
Changes in morphological traits, anatomical and molecular alterations caused by gamma-rays and zinc oxide nanoparticles in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant
Authors: Aly Amina A. , Safwat Gehan , Eliwa Noha E. , Eltawil Ahmed H. M. , Abd El-Aziz M. H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpinach seeds were irradiated with gamma-rays after that soaked in zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs) at 0.0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm for twenty-four hours at room temperature. Vegetative plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and proline contents were investigated. Also, anatomical studies and the polymorphism by the SCoT technique were conducted. The present results revealed that the germination percentage was at the maximum values for the treatment of 100 ppm ZnO–NPs (92%), followed by 100 ppm ZnO–NPs + 60 Gy (90%). The application of ZnO–NPs resulted in an enhancement in the plant length. The maximum of chlorophylls and carotenoids content was recorded in the treatment, 100 ppm ZnO–NPs + 60 Gy. Meanwhile, the irradiation dose level (60 Gy) with all ZnO–NPs treatments increased proline content and reached its maximum increase to 1.069 mg/g FW for the treatment 60 Gy combined with 200 ppm ZnO–NPs. Also, the anatomical studies declared that there were variations between the treatments; un-irradiated and irradiated combined with ZnO–NPs plants which reveal that the leave epidermal tissue increased with 200 ppm ZnO–NPs in both the upper and lower epidermis. While irradiated plants with 60 Gy combined with 100 ppm ZnO–NPs gave more thickness of upper epidermis. As well as SCoT molecular marker technique effectively induced molecular alterations between the treatments. Where, SCoT primers targeted many new and missing amplicons that are expected to be associated with the lowly and highly expressed genes with 18.2 and 81.8%, respectively. Also, showed that the soaking in ZnO-NPs was helped for reducing molecular alteration rate, both spontaneous and induced by gamma irradiation. This nominates ZnO–NPs as potential nano-protective agents that can reduce irradiation-induced genetic damage.
Network Hyperexcitability in Early Alzheimer’s Disease: Is Functional Connectivity a Potential Biomarker?
Authors: Stam C. J. , van Nifterick A. M. , de Haan W. , Gouw A. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNetwork hyperexcitability (NH) is an important feature of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Functional connectivity (FC) of brain networks has been proposed as a potential biomarker for NH. Here we use a whole brain computational model and resting-state MEG recordings to investigate the relation between hyperexcitability and FC. Oscillatory brain activity was simulated with a Stuart Landau model on a network of 78 interconnected brain regions. FC was quantified with amplitude envelope correlation (AEC) and phase coherence (PC). MEG was recorded in 18 subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 18 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Functional connectivity was determined with the corrected AECc and phase lag index (PLI), in the 4–8 Hz and the 8–13 Hz bands. The excitation/inhibition balance in the model had a strong effect on both AEC and PC. This effect was different for AEC and PC, and was influenced by structural coupling strength and frequency band. Empirical FC matrices of SCD and MCI showed a good correlation with model FC for AEC, but less so for PC. For AEC the fit was best in the hyperexcitable range. We conclude that FC is sensitive to changes in E/I balance. The AEC was more sensitive than the PLI, and results were better for the thetaband than the alpha band. This conclusion was supported by fitting the model to empirical data. Our study justifies the use of functional connectivity measures as surrogate markers for E/I balance.