bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I think of Chaplin”: Poetry and the Tramp in Cold War America
Authors: Potts George 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis essay explores how Charlie Chaplin’s tribulations under McCarthyism, which culminated in his exile from the US in 1952, occasioned a minor chorus of poetry on the American Left. Through case studies of Bob Kaufman, Edwin Rolfe, and Louis Zukofsky, this essay explores how radical poets from across different literary groupings were drawn to Chaplin in the Cold War’s early years out of personal and political solidarity, while also finding in him a figure through whom they could collectively register and resist the Left’s broader postwar decline. The article also sheds light on the much longer history of Chaplin’s connections with poetry and poets. It traces his relationship with socialist writers back to the 1910s and suggests how postwar poetry’s imaginative investment in Chaplin as a political figure has a deeper layer of significance, given that the filmmaker had for decades been influenced by his friendships with poets on the Left. The essay proposes that poetry’s unique potentiality as a form through which to oppose Chaplin’s struggles under McCarthyism is a consequence of poets having fostered his political consciousness in the first place.Reading [texts] . . . about Chaplin’s postwar political isolation comparatively and cumulatively, what emerges is a poetry whose shared references bespeak a form of fraught solidarity and whose full force resides in their being understood as a kind of communal response.
134 Occupational Exposure to Different Microbial Species and Endotoxin and Serum Levels of Markers of Inflammation – Across Working Environments
Authors: Mette Madsen Anne , Delsuz Mohammad Seeiar , Al-Saidi Ali , Mølck Sofie M S , Rasmussen Pil Uthaug , Kofoed Victor Carp , Hougaard Karin S , Uhrbrand Katrine , Rui Lu , Frederiksen Margit Wagtberg 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Occupational exposure to bioaerosols (fungi, bacteria, and endotoxin) may be associated with early signs of health effects of the airways measured as elevated levels of inflammatory markers in serum samples. The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about the contribution of endotoxin, different fungal and bacterial species, and dust to the inflammatory potential of bioaerosols from different working environments. Using personal samplers, bioaerosols were sampled in the inhalation zone of workers in different occupational settings. Fungal and bacterial species were identified to species level using MALDI-TOF MS. The ability of workers’ exposure to induce production of reactive oxidative species was analysed in a human cell line. Levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A were measured in blood samples of the workers. The fungal and bacterial composition as well as species richness and endotoxin exposure level differed between working environments. Among the dominating microorganisms were different Staphylococcus species (work with animals), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (work with plants), and Aspergillus niger (work with waste). While pigeon house dust was cytotoxic, pig farm dust was highly inflammogenic. The biofilm forming capacity of the exposure correlated with bacterial concentration in high exposure samples. Serum levels of inflammatory markers were associated significantly with occupational exposure to endotoxin for work with plants and waste water. As the next step, we are analysing whether this association is also found for work in other environments and whether it is associated with exposure to different microorganisms.
87 Portuguese Groceries: A Potential Indoor Environment to Be Used as Public Health Sentinel for Fungal and Mycotoxins Contamination
Authors: Viegas Carla , Cervantes Renata , Gomes Bianca , Moreira Silvia , Dias Marta , Pena Pedro , Carolino Elisabete , Twaruzek Magdalena , Kosicki Robert , Caetano Liliana Aranha , Viegas Susana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to characterize microbial contamination in Portuguese grocery stores. The research was carried out in 15 grocery stores in Cascais, Portugal. Electrostatic dust cloths (EDC) and surface swabs were used on 3 sampling sites: checkout, fruits/vegetable, and warehouse/dispenser. Fungal contamination was characterized by culture-based methods, through the inoculation onto two different culture media: malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.05 %) and dichloran-glycerol agar (DG18). Screening of azole resistance was performed by inoculation of EDC extracts´ in azole-supplemented Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media, according to EUCAST guideline. A total of 39 samples were screened for mycotoxins contamination. The highest fungal contamination was obtained from fruits/vegetables in swabs (76 % MEA; 71 % DG18). The most prevalent genera in swabs was Cladosporium sp. (54 % MEA). Regarding EDC, besides Penicillium sp. (63 %) the most prevalent were Aspergillus sections Circumdati (25 %) and Aspergilli (35 %). Penicillium sp. was highly prevalent in the checkout (61 % SDA; 87 % voriconazole), and warehouse/dispenser sectors (73% voriconazole; 52% posaconazole). Circumdati and Fumigati were the most prevalent Aspergillus sections in fruits/vegetables (73 % and 64 % in voriconazole, respectively). Four mycotoxins (fumonisin B1, B2, B3) were detected simultaneously in most of the 36 samples. Identifying the most critical workplaces in groceries concerning fungal and mycotoxins contamination is of upmost importance to human health (workers and consumers) when using a One Health approach.
31 Analysis of the Material Properties of Importance in the Classification of Toxicity of Graphene Nanomaterials.
Authors: Roberts Jenny R , Kodali Vamsi K , Stefaniak Aleksandr B , Boots Theresa E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Graphene (Gr) nanomaterials are one of the fastest growing nanotechnology markets with a variety of applications in numerous industries due to a battery of unique physicochemical properties related to two-dimensional structure. Occupational exposure to graphenes by inhalation is a concern. Understanding the relationship of these properties to toxicity is critical for better predicting risk. The goal of this study was to associate material properties of this class of two-dimensional material with parameters of pulmonary toxicity and pathology. In vivo pulmonary exposure studies were previously conducted to compare different graphene nanomaterials [Gr that varied in lateral dimension, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced GO (rGO)] and carbon-based reference nanomaterials [carbon black (CB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)]. Size, density, surface area, oxygen content, as well as reactivity, agglomeration size, and zeta potential in delivery vehicle for oropharyngeal aspiration were measured. MWCNT and rGO caused persistent inflammation and a fibrotic response over time whereas inflammatory responses to other materials were transient. A classification Random Forest was used to predict toxicity grouping based on material properties to determine variable importance. Grouping was determined by significant difference from control using lavage and pathology outcomes and incidence. Toxicity ranking was MWCNT=rGO&gt;&gt;Gr5=Gr20=GO=CB≥Gr1. Variable of importance varied by time and toxicity parameter; however, density and mean agglomerate size were critical factors in the highly toxic materials whereas surface area was the most important factor in less toxic groups. This study contributes to understanding the structure-activity of this material class and read-across toxicity assessments of similar emerging materials.
98 Inhalation Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution Accelerates Alzheimer’s Disease-like Pathology in a Murine Model
Authors: Wahle Tina , Sofranko Adriana , Scarcello Eleonora , Masson Isabelle , Albrecht Catrin , Bredeck Gerrit , Busch Mathias , Fokkens Paul , Boere John , Cassee Flemming R , Schins Roel P F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A growing number of epidemiological studies has linked exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In a previous study, we showed that subchronic inhalation exposure to diesel engine exhaust, as a model of TRAP, aggravates amyloid-β plaque formation and motor function impairment in the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To further strengthen the epidemiological association between TRAP and AD we exposed 5xFAD and wildtype littermate mice for 5 h/day, 5 days/week during 2 or 4 consecutive weeks at a representative urban traffic-dominated location to: (I) concentrated ambient particles, (II) particle filtered ambient air or (III) clean air (control). Our study revealed that repeated inhalation exposure to TRAP accelerates plaque formation in the 5xFAD mice. Data also indicated that the gaseous fraction of the air pollutant mixture probably plays only a minor role in this effect. The major outcome of this study substantiates the role of air pollution in AD and suggests that long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution particles is a risk factor for this debilitating disease.
Acknowledgements: The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 814978 (TUBE) and a cross-border grant awarded by the Alzheimer Forschung Initiative (AFI, Germany) and Alzheimer Nederland.
131 Alveolar Macrophage Degranulation Initiates the Spatially Restricted Innate Immune Response During Ventilator-Assisted Nanoparticle Inhalation
Authors: Liu Qiongliang , Yang Lin , Li Chenxi , Schmid Otmar , Stoeger Tobias , Rehberg Markus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To visualize and measure in real-time the cellular pulmonary innate immune response elicited by inhaled NPs, we apply state-of-the-art intravital microscopy on the alveolar region of the murine lung.
Fluorescent carboxyl-quantum-dot-NPs (deposited dose of 16 cm2/g) applied via ventilator-assisted inhalation accumulated within seconds as distinct fluorescent spots at the alveolar walls. Already at 30min, cQD-NPs elicited an increase in microvascular neutrophil numbers as compared to controls, which subsequently transmigrated into the alveolar space.
This early immune response was not specific to cQD-NPs, since a comparable increase in neutrophil numbers was also observed upon inhalation of a bioequivalent dose of carbon black NPs, a typical component of urban air pollution. AMs actively accumulated cQD-NPs over time, starting few minutes after inhalation. Significantly more neutrophils were attracted in proximity to cQD-NP-laden AMs, as compared to NP-free AMs or control areas with epithelial associated cQD-NP. Prior airway application of a cellular degranulation inhibitor prevented cQD-NP and CNP induced neutrophil recruitment at 2h and 24 h after inhalation. Inhibition of Fcγ-receptor mediated AM cQD-NP uptake by prior application of anti-CD64 mAbs or neutralizing of TNFα by anti-TNFα mAbs in the airspace, abolished this early immune response. Importantly, initial ImageStream flow cytometry analysis of BAL samples indicated an increase of macrophage-derived microvesicles upon NP inhalation. Taken together, our data links NP-induced AM degranulation and cytokine release to the rapid and site-specific recruitment of neutrophils, suggesting this process to be a key event in mounting the immune response upon NP inhalation.
TRASH: Tandem Repeat Annotation and Structural Hierarchy
Authors: Wlodzimierz Piotr , Hong Michael , Henderson Ian R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The advent of long-read DNA sequencing is allowing complete assembly of highly repetitive genomic regions for the first time, including the megabase-scale satellite repeat arrays found in many eukaryotic centromeres. The assembly of such repetitive regions creates a need for their de novo annotation, including patterns of higher order repetition. To annotate tandem repeats, methods are required that can be widely applied to diverse genome sequences, without prior knowledge of monomer sequences.

Results
Tandem Repeat Annotation and Structural Hierarchy (TRASH) is a tool that identifies and maps tandem repeats in nucleotide sequence, without prior knowledge of repeat composition. TRASH analyses a fasta assembly file, identifies regions occupied by repeats and then precisely maps them and their higher order structures. To demonstrate the applicability and scalability of TRASH for centromere research, we apply our method to the recently published Col-CEN genome of Arabidopsis thaliana and the complete human CHM13 genome.

Availability and implementation
TRASH is freely available at:https://github.com/vlothec/TRASH and supported on Linux.
RaPID-Query for fast identity by descent search and genealogical analysis
Authors: Wei Yuan , Naseri Ardalan , Zhi Degui , Zhang Shaojie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Due to the rapid growth of the genetic database size, genealogical search, a process of inferring familial relatedness by identifying DNA matches, has become a viable approach to help individuals finding missing family members or law enforcement agencies locating suspects. A fast and accurate method is needed to search an out-of-database individual against millions of individuals. Most existing approaches only offer all-versus-all within panel match. Some prototype algorithms offer one-versus-all query from out-of-panel individual, but they do not tolerate errors.

Results
A new method, random projection-based identity-by-descent (IBD) detection (RaPID) query, is introduced to make fast genealogical search possible. RaPID-Query identifies IBD segments between a query haplotype and a panel of haplotypes. By integrating matches over multiple PBWT indexes, RaPID-Query manages to locate IBD segments quickly with a given cutoff length while allowing mismatched sites. A single query against all UK biobank autosomal chromosomes was completed within 2.76 seconds on average, with the minimum length 7 cM and 700 markers. RaPID-Query achieved a 0.016 false negative rate and a 0.012 false positive rate simultaneously on a chromosome 20 sequencing panel having 86 265 sites. This is comparable to the state-of-the-art IBD detection method TPBWT(out-of-sample) and Hap-IBD. The high-quality IBD segments yielded by RaPID-Query were able to distinguish up to fourth degree of the familial relatedness for a given individual pair, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values are at least 97.28%.

Availability and implementation
The RaPID-Query program is available at https://github.com/ucfcbb/RaPID-Query.
CscoreTool-M infers 3D sub-compartment probabilities within cell population
Authors: Zheng Xiaobin , Tran Joseph R , Zheng Yixian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Computational inference of genome organization based on Hi-C sequencing has greatly aided the understanding of chromatin and nuclear organization in three dimensions (3D). However, existing computational methods fail to address the cell population heterogeneity. Here we describe a probabilistic-modeling-based method called CscoreTool-M that infers multiple 3D genome sub-compartments from Hi-C data.

Results
The compartment scores inferred using CscoreTool-M represents the probability of a genomic region locating in a specific sub-compartment. Compared to published methods, CscoreTool-M is more accurate in inferring sub-compartments corresponding to both active and repressed chromatin. The compartment scores calculated by CscoreTool-M also help to quantify the levels of heterogeneity in sub-compartment localization within cell populations. By comparing proliferating cells and terminally differentiated non-proliferating cells, we show that the proliferating cells have higher genome organization heterogeneity, which is likely caused by cells at different cell-cycle stages. By analyzing 10 sub-compartments, we found a sub-compartment containing chromatin potentially related to the early-G1 chromatin regions proximal to the nuclear lamina in HCT116 cells, suggesting the method can deconvolve cell cycle stage-specific genome organization among asynchronously dividing cells. Finally, we show that CscoreTool-M can identify sub-compartments that contain genes enriched in housekeeping or cell-type-specific functions.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/scoutzxb/CscoreTool-M.
O019 Studying telomere biology and genomic instability in gliomas
Authors: Bhatt H , Norris K , Cleal K , Kurian K , Gray W , Baird D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain cancer. Identifying novel markers which stratify patients and predict response to targeted therapies is a priority. Telomeres are caps on chromosome ends protecting them from aberrant DNA damage response. Telomere length (TL) alterations and fusions are key markers for genomic instability and high-resolution telomere analysis provides powerful prognostic and predictive information in several tumour types. We therefore studied telomeric profiles and fusions in GBM patients and related this to clinical outcome.

Methods
Tumours from 151 adults with isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype GBMs were analysed for TL using the precision High-Throughput Single Telomere Length Analysis technique. 67 patients underwent further multiplex long-range polymerase chain reaction to identify fusions via Southern hybridisation using telomere-adjacent 33P radioisotope-labelled probes. Telomere fusions from 10 tumours that exhibited the highest frequency of fusions were characterised with long-read Nanopore sequencing.

Results
GBMs display short telomeres with a median length of 4.0kb. Shorter TLs in patients with unmethylated O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase status (commonest current biomarker) conferred worse survival (HR 2.13, p = 0.002). 66/67 (98.5%) patients analysed revealed telomeric fusions. Nanopore sequencing validated these events, while confirming the presence of microhomology and telomeric deletion. This mutational spectrum is consistent with utilisation of specific DNA repair pathways in mediating telomere fusion.

Conclusion
This study provides the first mechanistic evidence of dysfunctional telomeres in adult GBMs and suggests TL analysis may provide independent prognostic information. The presence of telomere fusions indicates significant genomic instability and may favour targeted therapies for patients exhibiting this signature.
O020 Comparison of indices of deprivation and screening uptake within a local AAA screening programme
Authors: Musto L , Olalobo A , Bown M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP) was established nationally to reduce the number of deaths caused by ruptured AAA. NAAASP invites all men in their 65th year for a simple abdominal ultrasound scan. Across the country uptake to the programme varies greatly. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of deprivation on local screening programme attendance.

Methods
The attendance for patients invited to screening within the Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland screening NAAASP programme between the years 2016 and 2021 was compared to indices of multiple deprivation (IMD) (derived from their Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) for each patient). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the most significant component contributing to the IMD score.

Results
28,730 men in total were invited to attend. Mean IMD for those that attended screening was 15.6 versus 20.6 for non-attenders (P value &lt;0.001). Multiple regression revealed the IMD domains most associated with non-attendance to screening to be; Health Deprivation and Disability domain (P&lt;0.001), Outdoor living environment domain (P&lt;0.001) and Adult skills and English language proficiency domain (P&lt;0.001). Barriers to housing and service domain including ‘geographical barriers’ which relate to the physical proximity of local services and employment domains did not show any association with attendance.

Conclusion
In line with the contemporary medical literature, social deprivation affects the uptake of the local National Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP). Health deprivation and disability, Outdoor living environment and adult education domains are most contributory to non-attendance.
O043 Evaluation of minimal factor H therapy administered to kidneys during ex vivo normothermic perfusion as a treatment to improve ischaemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Connelly C , Gibson B , Mahendran B , Tingle S J , Bates L , Cooper M , Thompson E , Wilson C , Sheerin N , Marchbank K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Complement activation is a key mechanism of Ischaemia reperfusion injury, with the alternative pathway driving damage in particular. The main regulator of the alternative pathway is factor H. We hypothesised that homodimeric mini-factor H (HDM-FH; PMID:29588430) may protect transplanted kidneys from complement mediated damage when administered during normothermic perfusion machine perfusion.

Methods
Kidneys were retrieved from female white landrace pigs following an optimised protocol. One kidney from each pair was randomised to receive 5mg of HDM-FH (∼8μg/mL). Kidneys were perfused at 37°C with autologous blood for 6 hours. HDM-FH binding was measured using ELISA and immunofluorescence. Complement activation was measured by quantifying Bb deposition in tissue. The ability of HDM-FH to inhibit complement in serum was measured using haemolytic assays.

Results
4mgs of HDM-FH bound from perfusate during perfusion, with &lt;10% lost in urine suggesting saturation was achieved. HDM-FH binding within the kidneys was confirmed using immunofluorescence. HDM-FH localised to glomeruli with deposition increasing over the time of the perfusion. Alternative pathway activation was reduced in kidneys receiving HDM-FH as demonstrated by reduced Bb deposition. Fibrinogen deposition was also reduced and found to colocalise with C3 in glomeruli. HDM-FH inhibits complement activity in serum in a dose-dependent manor.

Conclusion
Infusion with HDM-FH prior to simulated kidney transplant conditions reduced complement activation and other secondary negative outcomes to the organ. Therefore, organ perfusion with HDM-FH is highly likely to help prolong graft survival after transplant and this will be assessed in future studies.
O108 Racial discrimination in surgical practice: a 5 year global review
Authors: El Boghdady M , Ewalds-Kvist B M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Racial discrimination indicates the unkind conduct towards other persons based on their race or skin colour. We aimed to systematically review racial discrimination in surgery and answer the following questions:1) Does racial/ethnic discrimination in surgery exist in the last 5 years. 2) If yes, are ways suggested to reduce racial/ethnic discrimination in surgery?

Methods
The systematic review was performed in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines along AMSTAR 2. A 5-year literature search was carried out on PubMed for articles published from 1/1/2017 to 01/11/2022. The retrieved citations were quality assessed by MERSQI and evidence graded by GRADE.

Results
A total of 9116 participants responded with a mean of 1013 (SD=2408) responses per citations reported in 9 studies from a final list of 10 included citations. Nine studies were from USA and 1 from South Africa. The evidence of racial discrimination was justified on strong scientific evidence constituting the basis for grade I. The second question's answer was ‘yes’ which was defendable on moderate scientific recommendation and thereby establishing the basis for evidence grade II.

Conclusion
There is sufficient evidence for the presence of racial discrimination in surgical practice in the last 5 years in the US. Ways to decrease racial discrimination in surgery exist. Healthcare and training systems must increase the awareness of these issues to eliminate the harmful effect on the individual and on the surgical team's performance. The existence of the discussed problems needs to be managed in more countries with diverse healthcare systems.