bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward an understanding of the exchange in ancient scented oils through organic residue analysis of Bronze Age Near Eastern ceramic bottles by GC‐MS
Authors: Tarhan İsmail , Massa Michele , Türkteki Murat , Türkteki Sinem 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) organic residue analysis (ORA) of samples extracted from five Early Bronze Age ceramic bottles excavated at the archaeological site of Küllüoba in Anatolia (modern Turkey), and the first attempt at directly analysing the content of this category of products. Our results show that various types of liquid have been contained in different bottles and identify the presence of dicarboxylic and oleic acids with a large amount of palmitic acid in most samples, suggesting that they may have mostly contained a plant‐based oil. The presence of diterpenoids further shows the addition of ingredients such as conifer resin and other plant‐derived products. Overall, the analytical results presented here indicate the exchange of scented oils in Anatolia already during the late third millennium BCE. The different organic residue profiles contained in different samples also suggest a range of different recipes for these products.
Characterization of archaeological lime mortars in a Ming dynasty tomb: A multi‐analytical approach
Authors: Jia Mengjun , Wei Guofeng , Grifa Celestino , Zhang Jianhui , Cui Biao , Li Min , Xu Jun , Ma Xiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLime mortars have played an important role in constructing ancient Chinese masonry structures, including city walls, buildings, and tombs. A tomb built with lime mortars and stones belonging a Ming high‐ranking official, Xu Jie, was discovered in Huzhou City of China. Eight different samples from Xu Jie’s tomb, representing four types of lime‐mortar‐based materials: joint mortar between stone bricks, bedding mortar, grouting mortar, and plaster mortars were collected for analysis and comparison. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. The function of each mortar was reported and studies into the micro‐textural features and mineralogical compositions of those mortars were performed via a multi‐analytical approach. The joint mortars were all found to be aerial lime mortars with predominately lime. The bedding mortar was found to consist of lime, soil and sand, typical of a tabia mortar. The grouting mortar was found to consist of lime and ground contact metamorphosed limestone. Analysis of plaster sample taken from the roof of the main tomb identified the presence of calcium stearate/palmitate, indicating the usage of plant‐based tung oil as an additive. The analytical results will promote our understanding of Ming architectural technology and craftsmanship, and provide critical information for the conservation of Xu Jie’s tomb.
Testing recipes: an experimental approach to paint production processes in Levantine rock art (Spain)
Authors: Santos da Rosa Neemias , Fiore Danae , Viñas Ramon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver more than a century, several proposals have been made on the composition and technical features of the pictorial recipes used by Levantine prehistoric painters. In this paper all these proposals are surveyed and tested through systematic experiments to determine the technical affordance of pigments and binders in different pictorial recipes. Experimental results were then used as independent analytical parameters employed as diagnostic criteria to systematically study an archaeological sample of nine sites located in the Maestrazgo region (Spain) and their surroundings. Results reveal that out of 112 experimental recipes, only 16 afforded the production of paintings technically similar to Levantine rock art.
Spatial density patterns of herbivore response to seasonal dynamics in the tropical deciduous forest of central India
Authors: Gupta Deepti , Krishnamurthy Ramesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResource dynamism in seasonal forests leads ungulates to differential habitat preference; hence, their distribution aligns with environmental covariates across spatial and temporal scales. Seasonal patterns of four species of ungulates, namely sambar, chital, nilgai, and wild pig, were investigated and identified as the environmental variables driving the density gradient across two seasons, summer and winter, in the tropical dry deciduous forest of Panna Tiger Reserve, central India. Distance sampling data were analyzed using density surface modeling for ungulates with a survey effort of 518 km in winter and 356 km in summer in a generalized additive modeling framework. We found that season significantly affected the spatial densities of all ungulates, with sambar, chital, and nilgai congregating in summer and wild pig in winter. All ungulates showed a clear seasonal shift to the valley in summer and preferred plateaus in winter. The spatially explicit map outputs draw attention to the seasonal hot spots for ungulates abundance and the species and season‐specific roles of environment variables in defining their distribution. These results provide a scientific basis for direct conservation efforts to the spatially prioritized habitats for cost‐effective management interventions.
Leaf‐cutting ant nests support less dense and impoverished seed assemblages in a human‐modified Caatinga dry forest
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda M. P. , Knoechelmann Clarissa M. , Wirth Rainer , Tabarelli Marcelo , Leal Inara R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegenerating forests make up an increasingly large portion of tropical landscapes worldwide and regeneration dynamics may be influenced by leaf‐cutting ants (LCA), which proliferate in disturbed areas and collect seeds for fungus culturing. Here, we investigate how LCA influences seed fate in human‐modified areas of Caatinga dry forest. We evaluate the seed deposition and predation on Atta opaciceps nests, foraging habitat surrounding nest and control habitat away of nest influence of 15 colonies located along a forest cover gradient during the rainy and dry seasons. For each habitat, four 50‐cm2 plots were established and all seeds on the soil surface were collected along 1 year. We recorded 13,628 seeds distributed among 47 species and 36.57% of the total seeds did not show any sign of predation. Nest mound habitats supported low‐density and species‐poor seed assemblages, which were taxonomically distinct from the control habitats. These effects only occurred in the rainy season. The proportion of undamaged seeds were similar across the habitats. While forest cover did not influence seed assemblage in terms of species richness or seed predation, it did interact with habitat type via increments in seed abundance as forest cover increased across the nests. Forest cover also affected seed composition, but only in the rainy season. These results indicate that LCA decrease seed deposition in areas under their influence, particularly on the nest mounds. As LCA profit from human disturbance in the Caatinga, their role as seed ‘sinks’ should be enhanced in disturbed Caatinga patches, particularly during the rainy season, when most of the plant recruitment occurs. Our findings reinforce the importance of LCA as drivers of forest dynamics and resilience in human‐modified landscapes.
Risk factors for and longitudinal course of male sexual dysfunction after robotic rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Hanaoka Marie , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Shiomi Akio , Hino Hitoshi , Manabe Shoichi , Yamaoka Yusuke , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to investigate the risk factors associated with the incidence of sexual dysfunction in patients who underwent robot‐assisted surgery with several treatment options, such as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and lateral lymph node dissection, and clarify the longitudinal course of erectile function in risk groups.MethodA total of 203 male patients who underwent robot‐assisted total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer between 2013 and 2019 were included. The risk factors for erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction as well as the longitudinal course of erectile function were retrospectively investigated in all cohorts and several risk groups, including those who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, lateral lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Erectile dysfunction was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function and ejaculatory dysfunction was assessed using original questions. The survey was performed preoperatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsErectile and ejaculatory dysfunction occurred in 46.8% and 15.7% of the patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was an independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction. Erectile function recovered longitudinally to the preoperative level overall, as well as in lateral lymph node dissection and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy subgroups; however, recovery was poor in the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group, even at 12 months postoperatively.ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was found to be a risk factor for erectile dysfunction after robot‐assisted surgery for rectal cancer. Erectile function recovered postoperatively in patients undergoing lateral lymph node dissection; however, those receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy showed poor recovery, even at 12 months postoperatively.
Characterization of internal fatigue crack initiation in Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy via synchrotron radiation X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Yoshinaka Fumiyoshi , Nakamura Takashi , Oguma Hiroyuki , Fujimura Nao , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Masayuki , Uesugi Kentaro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe initiation of internal fatigue cracks in very high cycle fatigue of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy was investigated using synchrotron radiation X‐ray computed tomography (SR‐CT). Micro‐CT detected 28 cracks that were distributed across the examined volume of Ф1.8 × L 2.5 mm. No apparent correlation was observed between the spatial distribution, initial lengths, and initiation lives of cracks. The crack growth rate of the facet‐sized crack varied widely; some cracks propagated rapidly, whereas no crack growth was observed for other cracks over a specific period of time after detection. Using nano‐CT, the several grain‐sized internal cracks and their microstructures were clearly and nondestructively visualized. In the field of view, many primary α phases were detected; however, no other cracks were observed. The multiple facet initiation site, which is commonly observed for titanium alloys, might not be due to the concurrently initiated facets but may be caused by the small crack growth accompanied by facet formation.
Digital image analysis and assisted reading of theHER2score display reduced concordance: pitfalls in the categorisation ofHER2‐low breast cancer
Authors: Sode Michael , Thagaard Jeppe , Eriksen Jens Ole , Laenkholm Anne‐Vibeke 
Published: February 2023

AimsDigital image analysis (DIA) is used increasingly as an assisting tool to evaluate biomarkers, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in invasive breast cancer (BC). DIA can assist pathologists in HER2 evaluation by presenting quantitative information about the HER2 staining in APP assisted reading (AR). Concurrently, the HER2‐low category (HER2‐1+/2+ withoutHER2gene amplification) has gained prominence due to newly developed antibody‐drug conjugates. However, major inter‐ and intraobserver variability have been observed for the entity. The present quality assurance study investigated the concordance between DIA and AR in clinical use, especially concerning the HER2‐low category.Methods and resultsHER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 761 tumours from 727 patients was evaluated in tissue microarray (TMA) cores by DIA (Visiopharm HER2‐CONNECT) and AR. Overall concordance between HER2‐scores were 73% (n = 552, weighted‐κ: 0.66), and 88% (n = 669, weighted‐κ: 0.70), when combining HER2‐0/1+. A total of 205 scores were discordant by one category, while four were discordant by two categories. A heterogeneous HER2 pattern was relatively common in the discordant cases and a pitfall in the categorisation of HER2‐low BC. AR more commonly reassigned a lower HER2 score (from HER2‐1+ to HER2‐0) within the HER2‐low subgroup (n = 624) compared with DIA.ConclusionDIA and AR display moderate agreement with heterogeneous and aberrant staining, representing a source of discordance and a pitfall in the evaluation of HER2.
Controlled structure preparation of low thermal conductivity Bi4B2O9 foams
Authors: Chen Pan , Li Yuanbing , Yin Bo , Li Shujing , Wang Hailu , Qiao Zhe , Liu Jingfei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, Bi4B2O9 foam ceramics with porosity of 76.6%–85.8% and thermal conductivity of .062–.092(W/(m·K)) were successfully prepared for the first time by the foam casting method using bismuth oxide and boric acid as the main raw materials and gelatin as the gel forming agent. The effects of additive content and solid loading on the slurry, pore size, and distribution as well as mechanical and thermal properties of porous ceramics were investigated. The addition of gelatin led to the stable arrangement of the liquid‐gas interface, which eventually resulted in a foam with a stable pore structure. The sintered ceramics have a highly spherical morphology with typical micropores and cell window, which may also contribute to the low thermal conductivity of Bi4B2O9 foams. Bi4B2O9 foam with tailored properties and graded pore structure by adjusting the process parameters can be used as a high‐performance nuclear reactor insulation material.
Viral co‐infections in leprosy: a scoping review
Authors: Fróes Luis Alberto Ribeiro , Toma Tereza Setsuko , Poderoso Rosana Evangelista , Trindade Maria Ângela Bianconcini 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContextThe most reported viral co‐infections in leprosy are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and SARS‐CoV‐2. In co‐infections, the burden of an agent can be increased or decreased by the presence of others. To address this issue, we need to fully understand their prevalence, risk factors, immunology, clinical manifestations, and treatment. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the most reported viral co‐infections in leprosy to inform clinicians and guide future research.MethodsThe authors conducted a literature search of five databases for articles on each of the aforementioned co‐infections published prior to October 2022. Two independent reviewers conducted the selection process and identified 53 papers meeting the study inclusion criteria. The data extraction process and evidence synthesis were conducted by one reviewer and double‐checked by a second one, consistent with best practice recommendations for scoping reviews.ResultsFor all assessed viruses, most studies reported prevalence rates in leprosy patients higher than the general population. Studies found that HTLV, HBV, and HCV chronic infections were highest in multibacillary leprosy, whereas HIV was mostly found in paucibacillary leprosy, and SARS‐Cov‐2 affected leprosy subtypes equally. Overall, co‐infections were also associated with higher rates of leprosy reactions, except for COVID‐19. Forty‐six percent of the studies discussed issues related to treatment, which led to favorable outcomes for the most part.ConclusionsThis review summarizes the existing literature on viral co‐infections in leprosy patients, generating valuable insights and recommending areas for future research.
Leukocyte deep learning classification assessment using Shapley additive explanations algorithm
Authors: Michalski Adrian , Duraj Konrad , Kupcewicz Bogumiła 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionA peripheral blood smear is a basic test for hematological disease diagnosis. This test is performed manually in many places worldwide, which requires both time and qualified staff. Large laboratories are equipped with digital morphology analyzers, some of which are based on deep learning methods. However, it is difficult to explain to scientists how they work. In this paper, we proposed to add an explanatory factor to enhance the interpretability of deep learning models in leukocyte classification.Methods10 297 single images of leukocytes obtained from peripheral blood smears were included in this study. Pre‐trained and fully trained VGG16 and VGG19 models were used to classify the leukocytes, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) DeepExplainer was applied to visualize the area of cells that were significant for classification. The output images from the DeepExplainer were compared with cellular elements that are essential to laboratory practice.ResultsThe accuracy of our fully trained models was 99.81% for VGG16 and 99.79% for VGG19. It achieved slightly better results than the partially trained model, which scored 98.67% for VGG16 and 98.33% for VGG19. Their SHAP explanations indicated the significance of cellular structures in microscopic examination. Explanations in the pre‐trained models have proved the cell and nucleus contours to be relevant to classification, while explanations in the fully trained models pointed to the cytoplasm area.ConclusionDespite different SHAP DeepExplainer explanations for fully and partially trained models, this method appears to be helpful for the verification of leukocyte classification in automated peripheral blood smear examination.
Challenging gold standard hematology diagnostics through the introduction of whole genome sequencing and artificial intelligence
Authors: Haferlach Torsten , Walter Wencke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe diagnosis of hematological malignancies is rather complex and requires the application of a plethora of different assays, techniques and methodologies. Some of the methods, like cytomorphology, have been in use for decades, while other methods, such as next‐generation sequencing or even whole genome sequencing (WGS), are relatively new. The application of the methods and the evaluation of the results require distinct skills and knowledge and place different demands on the practitioner. However, even with experienced hematologists, diagnostic ambiguity remains a regular occurrence and the comprehensive analysis of high‐dimensional WGS data soon exceeds any human's capacity. Hence, in order to reduce inter‐observer variability and to improve the timeliness and accuracy of diagnoses, machine learning based approaches have been developed to assist in the decision making process. Moreover, to achieve the goal of precision oncology, comprehensive genomic profiling is increasingly being incorporated into routine standard of care.
Automatic scoring of speeded interpersonal assessment center exercises via machine learning: Initial psychometric evidence and practical guidelines
Authors: Hickman Louis , Herde Christoph N. , Lievens Filip , Tay Louis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAssessment center (AC) exercises such as role‐plays have established themselves as valuable approaches for obtaining insights into interpersonal behavior, but they are often considered the “Rolls Royce” of personnel assessment due to their high costs. The observation and rating process comprises a substantial part of these costs. In an exploratory case study, we capitalize on recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) by developing NLP‐based machine learning (ML) models to investigate the possibility of automatically scoring AC exercises. First, we compared the convergent‐related validity and contamination with word count of ML scores based on models that used different NLP methods to operationalize verbal behavior. Second, for the model that maximized convergence while minimizing contamination with word count (i.e., a model that used both n‐grams and Universal Sentence Encoder embeddings as predictors), we investigated the criterion‐related validity of its scores. Third, we examined how the interrater reliability of the AC role‐play scores affects ML model convergence. To do so, we applied seven NLP methods to 96 assessees' transcriptions and trained 10 sets of ML models across 18 speeded AC role‐plays to automatically score assessee performance. Results suggest that ML scores recovered most of the original variance in the overall assessment ratings, and replacing one or more human assessors with ML scores maintained criterion‐related validity. Additionally, ML models seemed to exhibit higher convergence when assessors consistently detected and utilized observable behaviors to make ratings (i.e., when interrater reliability was higher). Finally, we provide a step‐by‐step guide for practitioners seeking to implement ML scoring in ACs.
The context of infants' giving gestures in mother‐infant dyads: Typical giving gestures and those contingent on exploration and play
Authors: Orr Edna , Kashy Rosenbaum Gabriela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to focus on a niche that has not yet been investigated in infants' gesture studies that is the effect of the prior context of one specific gestural behavior (gives) on maternal behavior. For this purpose, we recruited 23 infants at 11 and 13 months of age yielded 246 giving gesture bouts that were performed in three contexts: typical when the object was offered immediately, contingent on exploration, and contingent on play. The analysis revealed that maternal responses to infants' giving gestures varied and were affected by their age and gesture context. Hence, mothers amended their responses according to the background that generated each gesture. The number of verbal responses to infants' giving gestures decreased as the infants aged, whereas the number of pretense responses increased. For infants aged 11 months, mothers generally provided motor responses to typical gestures. However, for infants aged 13 months, this trend declined and was replaced by a strong positive correlation between giving gestures contingent on play and verbal responses. We concluded that the type of activity with objects prior to employing giving gestures could enhance infants' symbolic skills because caregivers monitor the contingent act that yields the gesture that shapes their response.
Structural, optical, and thermodynamic properties of an LiCa2Mg2As3xV3−3xO12 solid‐solution garnet
Authors: Drazin John W. , Eyink Kurt , Hay Randall S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA series of LiCa2Mg2As3xV3−3xO12 garnet powders (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.667, 0.75, and 1) were synthesized using solid‐state reaction from mixed precursor powders. A complete solid‐solution series was found between the endmembers. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the homogeneity of the synthesized garnets. The compositions reversibly melted between 1000 and 1160°C and had low sintering temperatures between 650 and 900°C. Thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, density, lattice parameter, thermal expansion, index of refraction, and dispersion were measured from room temperature to 800°C.