bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of multidrug-resistant hypervirulent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
with components of human innate host defense
Authors: DeLeo Frank R. , Porter Adeline R. , Kobayashi Scott D. , Freedman Brett , Hao Mingju , Jiang Jianping , Lin Yi-Tsung , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Chen Liang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is an important cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. This opportunistic pathogen, known as classical
K. pneumoniae
(cKp), typically causes infections in individuals with comorbidities. cKp is often multidrug resistant, and treatment options are limited. By comparison, hypervirulent
K. pneumoniae
(hvKp) can cause infections in healthy individuals outside of the healthcare setting. Notably, there has been emergence of strains containing both multidrug resistance and hypervirulence genotypes (MDR hvKp). Whether these strains can circumvent killing by components of the innate immune system remains incompletely determined. Here, we compared the ability of selected hvKp (ST23 and ST86) and MDR hvKp (ST11 and ST147) clinical isolates to survive in human blood and serum and tested phagocytic killing of the microbes by human neutrophils. On average, the hvKp isolates tested had greater survival in blood and serum compared with MDR hvKp isolates. Compared with MDR hvKp isolates, the hvKp isolates had less surface-bound serum complement following culture in normal serum. Consistent with these findings, the percentage of neutrophils with phagocytosed hvKp isolates was limited (<5%), whereas >67% of neutrophils contained ingested MDR hvKp. Phagocytosis of the MDR hvKp isolates was accompanied by significant bacterial killing (
P
< 0.05). The inability of neutrophils to ingest and kill these hvKp isolates was, in part, overcome by addition of rabbit antiserum specific for these clinical isolates. The results provide insight into host defense against emerging MDR hvKp and are an initial step toward assessing the potential of a vaccine or immunotherapy approach for treatment of infections.

IMPORTANCE

Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains with a combination of multidrug resistance and hypervirulence genotypes (MDR hvKp) have emerged as a cause of human infections. The ability of these microbes to avoid killing by the innate immune system remains to be tested fully. To that end, we compared the ability of a global collection of hvKp and MDR hvKp clinical isolates to survive in human blood and resist phagocytic killing by human neutrophils. The two MDR hvKp clinical isolates tested (ST11 and ST147) were killed in human blood and by human neutrophils
in vitro
, whereas phagocytic killing of hvKp clinical isolates (ST23 and ST86) required specific antisera. Although the data were varied and often isolate specific, they are an important first step toward gaining an enhanced understanding of host defense against MDR hvKp.
Cataract surgery workload estimates in Theni district, India
Authors: Gupta Sachin , Vardhan Ashok , Ambalam Viraj , Rajendran Vinothkumar , Joseph Sanil , Ravilla Thulasiraj D 
Published: September 2023

Background/aims
To estimate the annual cataract surgery workload in Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India based on current utilisation of cataract services, prevalence of blindness and vision impairment (VI), and cataract burden-reduction goals.

Methods
We conducted a population-based longitudinal study between January 2016 and April 2018. We recruited 24 327 participants based on a random cluster sampling method; 7127 participants were ≥40 years. During the year following initial enrolment, we tracked utilisation of eye care services; and at the end of the 1-year period, we conducted a detailed eye examination of participants age ≥40.

Results

In the sample age ≥40 years, 13.0% had a visually significant cataract, and 17.8% had prior cataract surgery in at least one eye. The prevalence of cataract blindness based on presenting visual acuity in the better eye (PVA
BE
)<3/60 was 0.34% and VI (PVA
BE
<6/12) was 9.92%. 3.10% of the study population had obtained cataract surgery during 1 year, resulting in a cataract surgical rate of 9085. We estimated the effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) to be 54.5% and the CSC to be 75.7%, implying a sizeable quality gap. Prevalence, utilisation and coverage varied by age and gender. We estimated that a goal of eliminating the backlog of VI (PVA
BE
<6/12) in 5 years would increase the annual cataract surgery workload by 11.5% from the current level.

Conclusions
Our estimates of cataract surgery workloads under different scenarios can provide a useful input into planning of eye health services in Theni district.
The long-term performance of a bituminous geomembrane (BGM) under single-sided exposure conditions
Authors: Abdelaal F. B. , Samea A. 
Published: September 2023

A custom-designed apparatus (referred to as the Ageing Column) is used to age a 4.8-mm thick elastomeric bituminous geomembrane (BGM) under single-sided exposure to a synthetic municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate and a synthetic high pH mining solution (pH 11.5) at 55 °C, 70 °C, and 85 °C. This apparatus involves a closer simulation of the BGM's chemical exposure conditions in the field than the double-sided immersion tests in which the BGM is exposed to the solution from both surfaces. The mechanical, rheological, and chemical properties of the BGM are examined to assess the degradation in the BGM components relative to double-sided immersion experiments. While the single-sided ageing of the BGM reduces the degradation rates in the BGM mechanical properties, it does not affect the degradation rate of the bitumen coat relative to the double-sided exposure. Additionally, the exposure of the BGM to the MSW leachate resulted in faster degradation in its mechanical properties but slower degradation in the bitumen coat than that obtained in the exposure to the mining solution. However, predictions of the time to nominal failure of the BGM established using Arrhenius modelling at different temperatures show that the temperature effect is more significant on the BGM durability than the chemistry of the considered solutions.
Treatment Beyond Progression After Anti-PD-1 Blockade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Mir , Muquith Maishara , Miramontes Bernadette , Espinoza Magdalena , Hsiehchen David 
Published: September 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can induce atypical tumor responses including pseudoprogression in a subset of patients who may benefit from treatment beyond progression. While ICIs have emerged as frontline treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are associated with clinical benefit in a minority of patients, it is unclear whether treatment beyond progression has utility in this disease type. In a multicenter cohort analysis, treatment beyond progression was associated with no new safety signals, objective responses in 5.8% of patients, and disease control in 44% of patients. Progression-free survival and overall survival were comparable between patients treated beyond progression and patients treated with subsequent therapies, demonstrating that treatment beyond progression was not detrimental to survival outcomes. Rather, treatment beyond progression may benefit select patients with HCC and could represent a viable strategy for maximizing treatment benefit in these patients.

Significance:
Treatment beyond progression with ICIs in patients with HCC is safe and may benefit a subset of patients due to later-onset tumor responses or disease stability. These findings may guide the design of trials testing ICIs in HCC and the use of treatment beyond progression in routine practice.
Decision-Making Competence and Critical Thinking Ability among Triage Nurses in a Selected Hospital in Batangas, Philippines
Authors: Comia Rejie Lunar , Floranda Lualhati Maxima M. , Durante Cherry Ann Garcia 
Published: September 2023

Overcrowding and long waiting times remain perennial issues in many emergency departments globally, resulting in unsafe and inefficient care. To facilitate the treatment of patients that arrive in the Emergency Department a triage process is often implemented. Triage enables the Emergency Department staff to prioritize patient care so that patients requiring more immediate care are seen first. This study described the competence and critical thinking ability of triage nurses in a selected hospital in Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines. The quantitative descriptive correlational research design was used in this study. Data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire that adopted Yoon Critical Thinking Disposition and Triage Decision Making Inventory by Cone (2000). Results showed that decision-making competency is significantly different among different age groups (F=40.93, p<0.0001). Respondents’ critical thinking ability based on objectivity, healthy scepticism, systematicity and intellectual fairness, intellectual curiosity, self-confidence and prudence was at moderate level, with composite means of 3.23, 3.43, 3.22, 3.37, 3.33, 3.28, and 3.27, respectively. Based on the results of the study, participants had a moderate level of critical thinking ability while doing triage. Also, over-all decision-making ability significantly increased with age and years of experience. Furthermore, objectivity, self-confidence, prudence and over-all critical thinking ability are significantly associated with age. Moreover, the triage nurses’ decision-making skills can be greatly influenced by their critical thinking ability.
Differentiated Instruction for an Enhanced Students’Academic Performance in Science 10 (PHYSICS)
Authors: Toledo Flordelyn L. 
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction strategy using selected Multiple Intelligences activities on the students’ performance in Science 10 (Physics). The researcher employed quasi-experimental research and a descriptive method utilizing questionnaires as the principal tool to gather the data. The respondents involved in the study were the One Hundred Twenty (120) Grade 10 Junior High School students of Bagong Nayon II National High School, Antipolo City, during the school year 2022-2023. They were grouped according to their dominant Multiple Intelligence. The study revealed that among the first five dominant multiple intelligences of the students, the majority of the students are more on intrapersonal intelligence rather than the other. This implies that some of the respondents perform more in intrapersonal tasks and skills which would then indicate that teachers should assess each learner's multiple intelligence to know and enhance students' performance in academics. The use of Differentiated Instruction in teaching Science 10 (Physics) greatly improved the performance of the students in terms of their academics. This was shown on the pretest and posttest performance of the students in which their posttest performance increased greatly after the utilization of differentiated instruction in teaching Science 10. It can also be noted that the Intrapersonal Group of students got the highest increase in mean score. The average mean score in the pretest is 19.49 and 35.69 in the posttest with the mean increase of 16.20. This implies that although the students were given different activities, they all performed well. Based on the findings of the study, teachers can use differentiated instruction for the purpose of enhancing the academic performance of the students. This also implies that the prepared activities intended for these groups of students were effective. Therefore, a student-focused approach of teaching fosters an effective learning environment and excellent academic performance.
Bangladesh’s Body Parts Trade: A Critical Analysis of Gaps in Justice
Authors: Fatima Mst Kanij , Yea Sallie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The illicit trade in body parts in Bangladesh has been well-documented by both the media and academic scholarship. However, there is limited research addressing the question of the role of the law in preventing the trade and delivering criminal and remedial justice. Through a case study, this article critically evaluates the adequacy of Bangladeshi anti-trafficking law to criminalise organ trafficking whilst also ensuring victim protection. The analysis draws out three key gaps in the application of the law to achieve justice: vague laws related to organ trafficking; poor implementation of existing laws; and absence of adequate policies. We argue that gaps in international law (either their content or their application to Bangladesh), combined with problems relating to capacity, have negatively impacted domestic laws relating to organ trafficking.
Allied Aviation on the Eastern Front as Part of Operation Velvet: A View from the Soviet Side
Authors: Prigodich Nikita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article delves into the efforts made by the Allies to deploy British and US air forces on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front during the Second World War. Its main focus is on internal Soviet military reports and diplomatic documents from the negotiations that took place in 1942, preceding Operation Velvet. The research presented examines the preparations made by the Allied aviation forces to carry out the combat missions assigned by the Soviet Air Force staff. In addition, the author analyses the simultaneous activities of the diplomatic bodies of the three countries involved in reaching an agreement on the Operation Velvet project. By drawing from various sources, the author uncovers the objectives of each side in the proposed operation and investigates the reasons behind the ultimate lack of results despite the extensive period of preparation for joint actions.
FESSTVaL: The Field Experiment on Submesoscale Spatio-Temporal Variability in Lindenberg
Authors: Hohenegger Cathy , Ament Felix , Beyrich Frank , Löhnert Ulrich , Rust Henning , Bange Jens , Böck Tobias , Böttcher Christopher , Boventer Jakob , Burgemeister Finn , Clemens Marco , Detring Carola , Detring Igor , Dewani Noviana , Duran Ivan Bastak , Fiedler Stephanie , Göber Martin , van Heerwaarden Chiel , Heusinkveld Bert , Kirsch Bastian , Klocke Daniel , Knist Christine , Lange Ingo , Lauermann Felix , Lehmann Volker , Lehmke Jonas , Leinweber Ronny , Lundgren Kristina , Masbou Matthieu , Mauder Matthias , Mol Wouter , Nevermann Hannes , Nomokonova Tatiana , Päschke Eileen , Platis Andreas , Reichardt Jens , Rochette Luc , Sakradzija Mirjana , Schlemmer Linda , Schmidli Jürg , Shokri Nima , Sobottke Vincent , Speidel Johannes , Steinheuer Julian , Turner David D. , Vogelmann Hannes , Wedemeyer Christian , Weide-Luiz Eduardo , Wiesner Sarah , Wildmann Norman , Wolz Kevin , Wetz Tamino 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Numerical weather prediction models operate on grid spacings of a few kilometers, where deep convection begins to become resolvable. Around this scale, the emergence of coherent structures in the planetary boundary layer, often hypothesized to be caused by cold pools, forces the transition from shallow to deep convection. Yet, the kilometer-scale range is typically not resolved by standard surface operational measurement networks. The measurement campaign Field Experiment on Submesoscale Spatio-Temporal Variability in Lindenberg (FESSTVaL) aimed at addressing this gap by observing atmospheric variability at the hectometer-to-kilometer scale, with a particular emphasis on cold pools, wind gusts, and coherent patterns in the planetary boundary layer during summer. A unique feature was the distribution of 150 self-developed and low-cost instruments. More specifically, FESSTVaL included dense networks of 80 autonomous cold pool loggers, 19 weather stations, and 83 soil sensor systems, all installed in a rural region of 15-km radius in eastern Germany, as well as self-developed weather stations handed out to citizens. Boundary layer and upper-air observations were provided by eight Doppler lidars and four microwave radiometers distributed at three supersites; water vapor and temperature were also measured by advanced lidar systems and an infrared spectrometer; and rain was observed by a X-band radar. An uncrewed aircraft, multicopters, and a small radiometer network carried out additional measurements during a 4-week period. In this paper, we present FESSTVaL’s measurement strategy and show first observational results including unprecedented highly resolved spatiotemporal cold-pool structures, both in the horizontal as well as in the vertical dimension, associated with overpassing convective systems.
Predicting Turbulent Vertical Velocity in the Ocean Surface Layer under Mixed Convective and Wind/Wave Forcing
Authors: Gargett Ann. E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Turbulence in the ocean surface layer is forced by a mixture of buoyancy, wind, and wave processes that evolves over time scales from the diurnal scale of buoyancy forcing, through storm time scales, to the annual cycle. This study seeks a predictor for root-mean-square w (rmsw), a time and surface layer average of turbulent vertical velocity w measured by bottom-mounted vertical-beam acoustic Doppler current profilers, in terms of concurrently measured surface forcing fields. Data used are from two coastal sites, one shallow (LEO, 15-m depth) and one deeper (R2, 26-m depth). The analysis demonstrates that it is possible to predict observed rmsw with a simple linear combination of two scale velocities, one the convective scale velocity familiar from the atmospheric literature, the other a scale velocity wS representing combined wind and wave effects. Three variants are considered for this latter scale velocity, the wind stress velocity alone and two forms using both and US, a Stokes velocity characteristic of the surface wave field. At both sites, the two-parameter fit using alone is least accurate, while fits using the other two variants are essentially indistinguishable. At both sites, the coefficient multiplying is the same, within error bounds, and within the range of previous observations. At the deeper site, the coefficient multiplying the wind/wave scale velocity wS is approximately half that at the shallow site, a difference here attributed to difference in wave character.
Role of Agrometeorological Advisory Services in Enhancing Food Security and Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change
Authors: Nannewar Rakesh Gomaji , Kanitkar Tejal , Srikanth R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Providing knowledge inputs to farmers is critical to reduce their vulnerability and enhance resilience against climate change. In developing countries such as India, where small holdings and rain-fed agriculture are predominant, knowledge inputs become even more critical. The India Meteorological Department has provided integrated agrometeorological advisory services (AAS) to farmers since 2008. In this paper, we estimate the scale of access to AAS and its impact on crop yields in 1000 households across 10 villages in two agroclimatic zones in India. We find evidence suggesting that access to AAS can have a significant impact on crop yields in the kharif (June–September) season, whereas other inputs are more important in the case of rabi (winter) crops. Specifically, the yields of pigeon pea, soybean, and pearl millet are higher by 233, 98, and 318 kg ha−1, respectively, for AAS beneficiaries. For the entire study area, this translates to a value addition of $9.66 million for these three crops in one season. Our results show that AAS can be an important contributor to meeting the developmental goals of enhancing food security in dry-land agriculture and building resilience against climate change.

Significance Statement
In the era of climate change, with rapidly increasing weather and climatic variability, protecting the incomes of small farmers and ensuring they have the capacity to adapt and build resilience to the growing impacts of climate change is an urgent necessity. We have studied the impact of knowledge services such as the agrometeorological advisory services of the India Meteorological Department on crop yields for major crops in dry agroclimatic zones in India. The study shows that large public programs like the agrometeorological advisory services that bring science to people in meaningful ways can contribute significantly to meeting developmental goals and building resilience against climate change.
Critical Lessons in Tailoring Interventions: Listening to WISEWOMAN Participants
Authors: Park Yuae , King Jennifer , Eggleston Molly M. , Elias Thistle I. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose To explore perspectives of participants in the WISEWOMAN program in Pennsylvania (PA-WISE) on challenges and facilitators of reducing cardiovascular disease risk as low-income and un-/under-insured middle-aged women. Approach Researchers conducted this 2 year qualitative data collection as one component of a broader, 5 year PA-WISE process and outcome evaluation. Setting Women from across Pennsylvania, primarily from rural communities. Participants Interviewees were low-income, un-/under-insured women aged 40-64 years who had recently participated in PA-WISE-facilitated health coaching and lifestyle programs (HC/LSPs). Methods – data collection and analysis Researchers conducted individual telephone interviews with 38 women from four discrete samples of PA-WISE participants at 4 time points. Three researchers used grounded theory, and an iterative process of line-by-line coding, data display, and reanalysis to identify emerging themes, sub-themes, and their relationships. Results Participants shared the important benefits of specific PA-WISE program traits. However, participants described significant financial constraints, difficult schedules, caregiving responsibilities, and insufficient social support as persistent challenges in their lives, making lifestyle changes in general, and program participation specifically, difficult. Conclusion The challenges that low-income and un-/under-insured women identified amplify the importance of having interventions that offer flexibility, options, and tailoring of supports and resources. The timeless challenges articulated by participants in this study completed just before the COVID-19 pandemic, remain relevant to be addressed through the pandemic and beyond.
Nomogram Model Based on Iodine Nutrition and Clinical Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Predict Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Wang Junrong , Gao Yuzhang , Zong Yuxuan , Gao Weitong , Wang Xueying , Sun Ji , Miao Susheng 
Published: September 2023

Objective Preoperative evaluation of lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been one of the major clinical challenges. This study aims to develop and validate iodine nutrition-related nomogram models to predict lateral cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC. Methods This is a retrospective study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and serum iodine concentration (SIC) were measured in 187 LLNM patients and 289 non-LLNM (NLLNM) patients. All patients were randomized 3:1 into the training cohort (n = 355) and the validation cohort (n = 121). Using logistic regression analysis, we analyzed the influence of iodine nutrition-related factors and clinicopathological characteristics on LLNM in PTC patients. Lasso regression method was used to screen risk factors and construct a nomogram for predicting LLNM. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) of the nomogram models were carried out for the training and validation cohorts. Results Gender, SIC, smoking history, drinking history, family history of PTC, multifocality, bilateral or unilateral tumors, TSH, Tg, and tumor size were included in the nomogram model predicting LLNM, with an area under the curve (AUC) of .795. The nomogram model showed good calibration and clinical benefit in both the training and validation cohorts. Conclusion The nomogram model based on iodine nutrition and other clinicopathological features is effective for predicting the lateral lymph node metastasis in PTC patients.