bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistant Fungal Isolates Obtained from Raw Cow Milk in Bowen University, Nigeria
Authors: Oluranti O O , Majolagbe O N , Elutade O O , Obisesan I A , Omotayo O E , Ajayi-Odoko O A , Olaogun T A , Akinsola O A , Oladapo C O , Ojo P T , Ramatu S R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cow milk is a highly nutritious food but many factors predispose it to microbial contamination. There is paucity of information on antifungal-resistant pathogens. Hence the study investigated the fungi from fresh cow milk samples and their resistance to some antifungals. Twenty-seven (27) fungi were isolated from forty-three (n=43) milk samples on PDA (Potato dextrose agar) media, re-cultured in glucose yeast extract broth, and incubated for 24 hours at 25°C. Taxonomic characterization on the isolates was done using photomicrography. Percentage occurrence of the isolates was determined. Molecular characterization was carried out on some isolates which were 100% resistant to antifungals; ketoconazole, amphotericin B, and clotrimazole using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Isolate sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis and compared with representatives in GenBank. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney Tests were used to analyze the data. Phylogenetic analysis and morphological characterization identified isolates as Rhodotorula paludigena, Candida sp and Candida tropicalis which had occurrence of 31.8%, 31.8% and 36.6% respectively. Level of resistance to ketoconazole (100%) and amphotericin B (92%) was significantly higher than clotrimazole (59%) (p< 0.05), while between ketoconazole and amphotericin B, there was no significant (p> 0.05) difference. Unprocessed raw milk is a potential source of drug-resistant pathogenic fungi. Pasteurization of raw milk is highly encouraged before consumption.
Bacteriological quality of raw cow milk at a collection center in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Elutade O O , Imohiosen J J I , Akinola O T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dairy milk provides essential nutrients for humans, but microbial contamination can occur from the point of milking to storage. There has been sparsity of data on quality of raw cow milk (RCM) at collection points in Nigeria. This study investigated the bacteriological quality of RCM from a bulk-tank in Iwo, Osun State, South-West Nigeria. Raw milk samples were collected from the storage tank during a six-week period and evaluated for aerobic plate count (APC), aerobic spore-formers count, Enterobacteriaceae count, salmonella and shigella count and Staphylococcus count. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test were used to compare differences in means among the various bacterial counts assessed, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SSPS). The mean aerobic plate count (8.2±1.71 log CFU/ml) and Enterobacteriaceae count (5.8±1.12 log CFU/ml) obtained were significantly different (P≤0.05) and were higher than the acceptable threshold limits of 5.0 log CFU/ml and 3.0 log CFU/ml, respectively. The bacteriological profile found in the milk samples included Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus had the highest and least occurrence of 30 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Good sanitary practices are recommended at every stage of the milking process prior to storage in a bulk-tank so as to ensure safe dairy derivative products.
Elemental and In vitro Antioxidant Studies of Some Bracharia species and Milk from Bowen University Dairy Farm
Authors: Ogunlakin A D , Odugbemi A I , Omolekan T , Adaramoye O A , Abiola O O , Akinola A , Akinsete A , Alabi T , Alade F F , Ahossinme H E , Ajiboye A , Ajiboye T A , Ajila O , Ajisafe T L , Sonaike O , Akinadewo A O , Akinbiyi T A , Olajide T J , Oni I D , Shittu S A , Bakare F , Ojo O A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the constituent elements present in three Bracharia grasses and milk samples from the Bowen Dairy cows. Bracharia grasses and milk samples were subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for determination of K, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Cd and Cu, and in vitro antioxidant activities. Levels of K, Ca and Na in both fresh and sterilized milk were also comparable to the RDA. No levels of Cd and Cu were determined all samples. The level of Mn in fresh milk was 0.80 ± 0003 ppm, but was not determined in sterilized milk. The AAS result shows that the levels of K, Ca and Na in Brachiaria sabia methanol extract (BSME), Bracharia gayana methanol extract (BGME) and Bracharia maradu methanol extract (BMME) were lower than the RDA value. However, Cd and Cu were not determined in the three samples, except in BMME. The fresh and sterilized milk samples had better antioxidant potentials compared to quercetin standard. This study indicates that the Bracharia grasses and milk samples from Bowen University Dairy Farm are rich in K and Fe. In addition, both fresh and sterilized milk samples possess strong in vitro antioxidant capacity.
Molecular identification of Theileria spp in cattle from Iwo Osun state, Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu O O , Olatubi I V , Ayokunle D I , Aromolaran O O , Okotie S O , Jibiri T M , Atobatele O E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Theileria is an haemoparasitic protozoa causing disease known as theileriosis in animals. The disease is transmitted by tick vectors. Theileria circulates in cattle and causes the dairy industry to suffer significant financial losses as it affects milk and livestock production, especially in the sub-Saharan region. The endoparasite can exist in sub-clinical state in cattle that are carriers, these cattle transmit the diseases and become reservoir of infection for ticks. In Nigeria, diagnosis of this parasite in cattle has been done mainly through light microscopy of Giemsa stain; molecular diagnosis report is scanty. Hence, this work was to identify and characterise Theileria species infecting healthy cattle in Iwo Osun state, Nigeria utilizing molecular genetic approach (PCR and 18S rRNA gene sequencing). In this cross-sectional investigation, blood was drawn aseptically from healthy cows’ jugular veins using a sterile needle and syringe. Whatmann filter paper No. 3 was spotted with blood. Cloning and sequencing of 18S rRNA gene was done for three samples that successfully amplified. Phylogenetic analysis showed two Theileria species comprising one T. velifera and two T. mutans. The outcome of this work will help the decision-making process for developing control measures for theileriosis in healthy cows in Iwo Osun state, Nigeria.
Smart modelling of dairy milk production with machine learning
Authors: Samson T K , Omoyajowo A C , Adebayo S , Salawu S O 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Complex non-linear correlations between the predictors (features) and the independent variable can be modeled using machine learning techniques. This modeling strategy is clever because it uses machine learning to develop process predictions after the right model has been created. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to examine how to simulate dairy milk production using machine learning. The daily milk output in Iwo and its environs between May 26, 2021, and May 31, 2022, as measured in liters, was used. Five features in the data set were identified; the day of the week, month, year, season and day number. We tested a total of 14 different supervised learning (regression) machine learning techniques. 20% of the data were used for validation, while 80% were used to train these algorithms. The Bagged Tree gave the highest R - square value of 0.67 and the lowest RMSE of 20.26 among the 14 Machine Learning techniques taken into account. It is therefore recommended to be used in smart prediction of daily milk production in Iwo and its environs. Also, season was found to influence milk production in the study area with higher milk production in wet season than dry season(p<.05).
Growth and nutritional potential of selected grasses and legumes for ruminants’ production
Authors: Esan V I , Olaniyi O C , Ogunbode T O , Ayegboyin M H , Sangoyomi T E , Akande J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The production of legumes and grasses are a sustainable strategy to feed ruminants. These species are rich in nutrients which can improve animal health with less treatment. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the performance of the middle and edge plants of five legumes and two grasses for morphological traits, fresh and dry matter yields and nutritional potential as feed for ruminants. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using R software. The results indicated that very highly significant differences (P<0.001) were observed among the nutritional values, morphological and biomass yield traits except for stem diameter. There was also significant difference(P<0.001) between the edge plants and middle plants. The mean values of the number of leaves and number of stem were higher in the edge plants than in the middle plants for all the seven species. Carbohydrate was the most abundant (42.40), followed by protein (17.81), crude fiber (15.79) and crude fat (7.32). The element analyses of leaf showed N, K, Ca and Mg are suitable for ruminant production in all species. A strong positive correlation was observed among the protein, crude fat and crude fiber compounds. Edge effects were observed showing the highest values when compared to the middle plants. Centrosema pubescens out performed in terms of overall protein, crude fat and crude fiber, while Mucuna pruriens recorded the highest mean value of dry biomass yield. The production of both grasses and legumes, because of their diverse proximate and mineral compositions, constitutes one of the mainstay for sustainable and competitive animal production systems. We recommend ruminant farmers to plant the grasses and legumes at the edges of their farms for sustainable fodder production.
Legal Implications of Free-Range System of Rearing Cattle in Nigeria: a Review
Authors: Ajayi M O. , Herbert E B. , Imosemi A , Nyekwere N , Eyongndi D T , Oladele O O 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOpen grazing in Nigeria has been an age-long practice associated with the people of the Sahel. Evidence abounds of the peaceful co-existence between cattle herders and their host communities in nearly all parts of the country; what obtains today is far from peaceful. There have been incessant reports of violence ranging from the destruction of farmlands to the deaths of farmers and herdsmen through deliberate, unprovoked, violent attacks and reprisal attacks. Government efforts at resolving these issues have brought about suggestions to have grazing reserves or ranching, which have been resisted by some states. There have been calls by some state governments for the ban of open grazing due to the problems associated with it while some states have enacted laws banning open grazing. Meanwhile, there is a paucity of information on the legality of open grazing or otherwise, since there is yet to be a federal law in support of or condemnation, hence this investigation. This paper adopts legal and agropastoral methodologies to review these issues as they affect animal-human welfare. It further investigates how grazing is done in other climes to suggest possible solutions that will be mutually beneficial to farmers and herders. It found that in other climes, the methods of grazing were permitted to depend on the peculiarity of each state, particularly the availability of land. Findings further revealed the possible consequences of the free-range system if left unchecked, one of which could gradually affect the country’s adequate food supply. Farmlands are gradually abandoned for fear of possible attacks. Some states particularly known for farming are now plagued with hunger and poverty among farmers in rural areas. The consequence of unregulated open grazing could impair the possibility of attaining sustainable development goals of zero hunger and eradication of poverty. It recommends that the government urgently finds a lasting solution to open grazing that will be welcomed and acceptable to all states, bearing in mind their different peculiarities. Failure to attain these amounts to a gross violation of the rights of the various stakeholders.
Performance Evaluation of Bowen Milk Collection Centre Iwo Osun State Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi C O , Bright-Oridami M S , Nwanchukwu I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Milk collection centers (MCCs) were established to promote domestic milk production and lessen Nigeria’s reliance on the importation of milk and related dairy products. Restricted numbers of MCCs in Nigeria make milk supply difficult for the dairy farmers which are not located close to them. The study evaluated the performance of Bowen MCC. Two-stage sampling technique was used to select 60 dairy farmers for the study. Questionnaire and Key Informant Interview was used to collect data from respondents and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result shows majority of respondents were males (85.0%), married (98.3%) with mean age of 40±7.63 years and household size of 9±1.93 persons. All (100%) respondents engaged in dairy farming (100.0%) as primary occupation with mean monthly income of ₦35,782.18±9,036.04 ($80.83) with mean years of experience of 31.00±7.19 years. Use of archaic production practices (

x
¯

= 2.00) and unimproved genetic composition of local breeds for milk production (

x
¯

= 1.90) were the major constraints encountered by dairy farmers. Bowen MCC has adequate number of staff and well equipped with functional equipment but the major challenge encountered is insufficient milk supply by dairy farmers. The study therefore recommends that farmers should be trained on different aspects of improving cattle’s’ productivity.
Nutritional and microbial quality of selected commercially available powdered infant formula during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ajayi Olasunmbo A , Okiti Ufoma O 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recently, there has been a shortage of baby formula due to the COVID-19-related supply chain, unsanitary conditions, and contamination in the manufacturing company. There is genuine concern that contaminated baby formulas may have been inadvertently imported worldwide. For this purpose, five commercially available infant formulas were selected and coded as IF1, IF2, IF3, IF4, and IF5. Physicochemical, nutritional compositions, toxic element (Pb), microbial content, and identification of isolates in the infant formula were determined using standard methods. The pH and total titratable acidity ranged from 6.50±0.00 to 6.90±0.0 and 0.05±0.01 to 0.07±0.00 %, respectively. Moisture, ash, and protein ranged from 2.4±0.1 to 8.00±0.3 %; 1.9±0.01 to 2.7±0.4 %; 1.8±0.0 to 3.8±0.3 %, respectively. Crude fat ranged from 22.0±0.0 to 28.30±0.0 %, and fibre was not detected. Toxic element Pb was detected in all the samples, ranging from 1.2±0.1 to 13.51±0.9 mg/kg. Microbial counts ranged from 2.0×10 to 8.0×104 CFU/g for total viable, enterobacteriaceae 3.0×104 to 13.5×105 CFU/g; staphylococcal 5×103 to 1.0×104 CFU/g and fungal 1.1×10 to 2.4×105 CFU/g. Although the standard is that no pathogen should be in infant formula, several were identified including Klebsiella spp., Escherichia spp., and Staphylococcus spp. In conclusion, the nutritional composition obtained correlated with the product description. Manufacturers should work assiduously on taking steps to ensure the safety of their products by limiting the level of toxic elements and microbial contaminants which negatively affect the health of infants.
Determinants of profitability of dairy farming enterprises among smallholder dairy farmers in south-west Nigeria
Authors: Adigun G T , Osakede U A , Olakanmi O A , Dick-Tonye A O 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dairy farming is essential to most developing economies, including Nigeria, due to its contribution to livelihoods in terms of food supply, income and employment generation. This study examines the determinants of profitability of dairy business among smallholder dairy farmers in Nigeria. Data were collected from 150 dairy farmers selected through a multistage sampling procedure and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the ordinary least square (OLS) regression method. The majority of the dairy farmers had primary education (45.45%). Most were married (92.91%), while many were economically active (60.67%). Most (50%) of the respondents had 7 household members and above and the majority (76.67%) had 20 years of experience in dairy farming. Age, vocational education, other forms of education, herd size and total production cost significantly influence the profitability of the dairy business. Major constraints include insufficient forage access, low-quality fodder and lack of credit. Feed technology training, health care management and dairy cooperatives are strongly advocated. Dairy cooperatives are also important for better bargaining in input delivery and better prices for output supply to the market. It will also enable the farmers to pull resources together and guarantee access to benefits like soft loans, literacy programmes, and social protection, among others.
A preliminary checklist of commercial marine shrimps (Decapoda: Penaeidae) along Peninsular Malaysia coastal waters
Authors: Hurzaid A , Jamaludin J A F , Nor S A M , Suhailan M A A 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study contributes a preliminary checklist of commercial marine shrimps collected along Peninsular Malaysia coastal waters. Samples collection were carried out between November 2021 to August 2022 either by using bag-net or purchasing from local landing sites if their capture locations could be confirmed. In total, 375 individuals from 18 species and 7 genera, belonging to the Family Penaeidae were recorded. Among this, the genusPenaeusexhibits the highest diversity with 8 species, followed byMetapenaeus(4 species),Mierspenaeopsis(2 species) and one species each from the generaAlcockpenaeopsis, Ganjampenaeopsis, ParapenaeopsisandTrachysalambria. This study was conducted to provide a taxonomically verified checklist of the commercial shrimps distributed along the Peninsular Malaysian coast, which would serve as a foundation for further research.
Integration of tuna fishery data collection in the Southern Waters of Java (FMA-573)
Authors: Raup S A , Yonvitner  , Sulistiono  , Zulhamsyah  , Mashar A , Patmiarsih S , Juniar R D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fishing operational data is the key to making fisheries management policies. Without this data, policymakers could only speculate on current field conditions; hence their decisions are not solutions to issues and problems in fisheries management and are even difficult to implement. Currently, the government encourages data collection on fishing operations through three schemes, namely data collection on the results of fish unloading at fishing ports, independent data reported by fishermen (fishing logbook), and data on monitoring results on fishing vessels by observers on board. Integrating such data is one solution to obtain sufficient operational data for fishing in quantity and quality. This study uses data on tuna catches from the three data collection schemes to tuna longline in the Southern Waters of Java, FMA 573. This study aims to analyze the differences between the established fisheries data collection standards with the existing conditions and the parties’ involvement in data collection activities. The analysis results show differences in data collection activities in existing conditions with the existing standards, affecting the completeness and quality of the resulting data. The integration of the three data is complementary and significantly impacts the quality of fishery data produced.
Growth patterns and reproductive aspect of Naleh (Barbonymus sp.) in Krueng Lanca, Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh Province
Authors: Abdan M , Sulistiono  
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Naleh (Barbonymus sp.) is one species of native fish found in Aceh Waters. This study examines the growth patterns and reproductive aspects of the fish in Krueng Lanca of Nagan Raya, Aceh Province. The study lasted five months (January - May 2022). Sampling was carried out purposively, once a month, on five different stations using gill nets (mesh size: 0.5 inches, 1.0 inches, and 1.5 inches and cast nets (D: 6 meters, mesh size: 0.5 inches). A total of 171 Naleh was caught in these waters. The calculation results obtained a length-weight relationship W = 0,0003*L2.2234 (r2 = 0.8823) for males, which shows the nature of allometric and W = 6E-06*L3.0684 (r2 = 0.8566) for females which shows the isometric. The sex ratio of Naleh in these waters was 1.1: 1. The size of the first mature gonads was 60-69 mm (males) and 90-99 mm (females) with a Gonadosomatic Index of 1.92-3.04 % (Males) and 8.73-11.61 % (females). The peak of the Naleh spawning season in Krueng Lanca waters was thought to occur from March to April, with the number of eggs ranging from 1,853-3,813 and a diameter of 1.18-1.43 mm. Based on the oocyte distribution, the peak of spawning of the fish was categorized as multiple spawners.
Growth at molt of sub-adult scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus reared in tanks
Authors: Sudewi  , Giri N A , Slamet B , Haryanti  
Published: August 2023

AbstractGrow-out of lobster performed in a tank culture system offers several advantages over floating sea cage culture, particularly in the control of environmental factors. However, the growth of lobster reared in tanks need to be evaluated to determine the rearing period of lobster to achieve market size. Growth in lobster is defined as the change in size through the molting process. Therefore, this study was performed to assess differences in weight and length increment at molt of male and female sub-adult scalloped spiny lobsterPanulirus homarus, as well as to determine the annual weight increment of the lobster reared in tanks. Sub-adult lobsters with an initial average weight of 226.18±20.30 g were stocked in twenty 4000-L fiber tanks at 20 lobsters/tank. Each lobster was tagged by a photographic method of the carapace to enable the identification of individual molt, as well as growth increment. Observation of molt and growth of lobster was carried out for 42 days of rearing. Growth observation for 42 days showed that the length increment between male and female lobsters was significantly different. The average length increment of the male was significantly higher (10.00 mm) than those of the female (7.93 mm) (p<0.05). However, the weight increment was not different between the sexes. The average weight increment of males and females was 18.53 g and 20.71 g, respectively (p>0.05). In terms of the annual weight increment, both sexes also had fairly similar growth, achieving 168.38 g.yr-1, on average. This study found that there was increased growth, zero growth, and declined growth at molt in lobsterP. homarus.
Utilization of molasses wastewater for medium production of Bacillus cereus
Authors: Feliatra F , Batubara U M , Taufan M , Effendi I , Adelina A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the potential of molasses wastewater as a production medium for the Bacillus cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium. The research was conducted experimentally using several B. cereus strains such as B. cereus SN7, B. cereus SP4, B. cereus S5, B. cereus Xmb051, and B. cereus BF2. The Analysis of the potential of molasses wastewater as a production medium was carried out by growing the B. cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium on molasses liquid waste medium with added liquid skim milk. In the comparison, the nutrient broth medium was used as a positive control, and sterile distilled water as a negative control. Bacterial growth measurements were carried out for 24 hours with different observations, sequentially, 0, 6, 12,18, and 24 hours and observed every six hours using the total plate count method. It can be shown that the highest cell biomass is 1,029 g/ml and the optimum growth time of each treatment is at 18th hours. Thus, the use of molasses as a bacterium medium can be used for the production of B. cereus SN7, and B. cereus consortium.