bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Vote for Homophobia? Variation in Homophobic Beliefs Among Trump Voters by Political Affiliation and Beliefs
Authors: Eidelhoch Anne N. M. Getz 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMainstream homophobia is trending. From the onslaught of viral social media accounts that spread homophobia to the incorporation of prejudicial talking points on news platforms, the rhetoric that is being trafficked today has direct roots in an earlier wave of American homophobia; the characterization of the LGBT+ community as inherent child predators, or “groomers.” While the language of groomerism and explicit homophobia is associated with the political right and supporters of Donald Trump, the variation of homophobic belief among his nontraditional supporters has yet to be interrogated. This paper analyzes the level of homophobic beliefs among voters for Donald Trump (N = 560) in the 2020 presidential election stratified by political party affiliation and political beliefs using nationally representative data from the 2022 General Social Survey. Among the N = 560 Trump voter respondents, 64.87% were Republican and 36.13% were other political party members, 69.86% were conservative and 30.14% had other political views. Homophobic beliefs are measured by both belief in the right to gay marriage and the morality of gay relationships. Results from logistic regressions indicate a significantly higher level of homophobic beliefs among conservative and Republican Trump voters compared to Trump voters of other political views and affiliations respectively, controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Conservatism was found to be the strongest predictor of homophobic beliefs in morality of relationships and marriage respectively (OR: 2.61, p < 0.001; OR: 2.43, p < 0.001). Results highlight a need for further research on the causes of the increased propensity to hold homophobic views and the power of virtually based movements to take hold in offline spaces.
Effectiveness of school-based programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention for school children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Neelapaichit Nareemarn , Phonyiam Ratchanok , Witwaranukool Porawan 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
The objective of this review will be to synthesize the effectiveness of school-based programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention for school children and adolescents.

Introduction:
Schools function as a fundamental platform for communicating health-related knowledge, such as information on preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes. However, the effectiveness of school-based programs for preventing T2DM in children and adolescents remains unclear.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider both experimental and quasi-experimental study designs, including randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, before and after studies, and interrupted time-series studies. School children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years (in Grades 1 to 12) of any ethnicity will be considered. This review will consider studies on T2DM prevention and education programs in school settings. Comparators will include no treatment, standard care, or waitlist controls, with outcomes covering diabetes risk factors, knowledge, health literacy, insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. These parameters will be assessed using validated instruments.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. The databases to be searched will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers will select studies, critically appraise them using the standard JBI critical appraisal instruments, and extract data. Studies will be pooled in a meta-analysis or presented narratively. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to grade the certainty of the evidence.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42024499998.
Magnetohydrodynamics in liquid metal interfacial flows
Authors: Ni Ming-Jiu , Yang Juan-cheng , Zhang Dr. Jie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Liquid metal interfacial flows occur in the fields of nuclear fusion and electromagnetic metallurgy. Due to the electrically conductive characteristics of the liquid metal, the presence of magnetic fields in these application scenarios has significant impacts on the interfacial flow behaviors. Then typical interfacial flows under the influence of magnetic fields, such as the free surface liquid metal flow, the liquid metal droplet impacting problems, and the bubble motion in liquid metal, are discussed in the present review. We comprehensively illustrate the flow characteristics of free surface liquid metal flow, the spreading of liquid metal droplets impacting onto solid or liquid surfaces, outcomes of collisions between metal droplets, and bubble dynamics in liquid metal, under the influence of magnetic fields along different directions. Meanwhile, we briefly review the current concepts of liquid metal free surface flow for the plasma facing comonents (PFCs) in fusion reactors and finally make a summary for the open questions related to the fundamental research and industrial applications of interfacial flow magnetohydrodynamics in the future.
Low-cost ODMR experiments with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds: a didactical approach to theory and experiment
Authors: Haverkamp Nils , Pusch Alexander , Gregor Markus , Heusler Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have attracted much interest as tools for magnetic field sensing and imaging. Parallel to this progress in science, also in science education, huge advancements are seen, which might even be called an educational quantum revolution, which just has started to emerge.
In this article, we present an experimental setup for optically detectable magnetic resonance (ODMR) in micro-diamonds with nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers) which extends the recent work presented in Stegemann et al. (Eur J Phys. 44(3):035402, 2023) in view of better accessibility both from a technical perspective and from an didactical perspective. We improved the mechanical setup, and in particular the output of the measured values, which is now carried out by a microcontroller and is directly accessible to digital devices instead of the need of an oscilloscope. In this way, we increase the accessibility of the experimental setup for learners. Concerning modeling of the theoretical foundations, we discuss the importance of symmetries of the wave function for understanding quantum physics and introduce visualizations for the spin and orbit part of the wave function. Furthermore, we present first empirical data (

$N = 53$

N
=
53

), indicating possible paths for successful dissemination of the experiments to educators.
Low Cost Detection of H2O2 in Blood for Oxidative Stress Monitoring Using Anodized CuO Nanostructures
Authors: mp niharika , banki manmadha rao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a prominent biomarker that is related to oxidative stress in humans and has been utilized in the early diagnosis of diseases like Alzheimer's, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and cellular damage. In this research, an inexpensive CuO electrode was developed by electrochemical anodization techniques specifically for H₂O₂ detection. The phase and nanostructured morphology of the electrode were verified using field-emission scanning electron microscopy imaging and X-ray diffraction analysis, while its sensing performance was measured using the amperometric method. The sensitivity of the CuO electrode was significantly enhanced up to 3.1 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² with a detection limit of 10 µM in 0.1 seconds. The flat band potential, ranging from 0.246 to 0.259 V, was seen through Mott-Schottky measurements. Charge transfer resistance in the Nyquist plots ranges from 7.32 to 9.09 Ω, showing good electron transfer of the material. Moreover, stability was found at 87.2% after one month and significant reproducibility across the electrodes. These results emphasize the promise of the CuO electrode as a robust, high-performance, and scalable sensor for the detection of H₂O₂ for oxidative stress monitoring.
Effect of Iron Accumulation on Bone Mineral Density in Patients Diagnosed With Transfusion‐Dependent Thalassemia
Authors: Selim Cem , Çiftçiler Rafiye , Eroğlu Küçükdiler Ayşe Hilal , Keklik Karadağ Fatma , Soyer Nur 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT) is most commonly caused by defects in beta globin chain production. Iron overload, hypogonadism, vitamin D deficiency, adverse effects of desferrioxamine treatment, and delayed puberty due to loss of bone mass are the main complications of TDT. In the present study, we aimed to investigate bone complications and precursor markers in TDT patients.Materials and Methods: Our retrospective study included 93 patients, aged between 18 and 45, who were followed up in a tertiary care institution and did not have any disease other than TDT. The patients’ BMD values and biochemical parameters were compared.Results: Osteoporosis was observed in 33 of 93 patients, and the mean transferrin saturation of patients with osteoporosis was 60%, and the mean transferrin saturation of patients without osteoporosis was 42%. Patients with osteoporosis had transferrin saturation that was observed to be considerably higher than that of the group without osteoporosis (p = 0.006), with an average of 60%.Conclusion: Our investigation has demonstrated that in patients with TDT, elevated transferrin saturation may be a sign of osteoporosis.
Correlation Analysis of Pyroptosis‐Related Genes CASP1, NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRP1 With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Lingling , Zhang Yongqian , Chen Xiaojing , Li Yuehang , Pan Haiqiao , Wang Yuan , Chen Ning , Wu Yajing , Li Yishuai , Zhao Min 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study is aimed at exploring the role of pyroptosis‐related genes in the development, immune infiltration, and clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma.Method: Pyroptosis‐related genes were searched using online databases, including MSigDB, Gene, and GeneCards. We explored pyroptosis‐related gene expression patterns in lung adenocarcinoma using the UALCAN database. Functional enrichment analysis of pyroptosis‐related genes in lung adenocarcinoma was performed using the Metascape database. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and the outcomes were visualized using Cytoscape. The top five core genes were screened utilizing the MCC algorithm with its cytoHubba plugin. The correlation between immune cell infiltration, diagnosis, and prognosis of core genes in lung adenocarcinoma was explored using the TIMER 2.0, TCGA, and Kaplan–Meier plotter databases. A nomogram was constructed to predict the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma using Cox regression analysis, and its clinical value was validated. Samples of paraffin‐embedded lung adenocarcinoma tissues were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical tests to verify the expression of core genes in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent tissues.Results: Overall, 202 genes related to pyroptosis were identified, with 67 upregulated and 60 downregulated in lung adenocarcinomas. The top five core genes—namely, CASP1 (caspase1), PYCARD (PYD and CARD domain‐containing protein), NLRP3 (NOD‐like receptor protein 3), AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2), and NLRP1 (NOD‐like receptor protein 1)—related to lung adenocarcinoma pyroptosis were selected. The correlation analysis of immune cell infiltration showed that CASP1, NLRP3, and AIM2, which showed that pyroptosis was involved in the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and NLRP1 exhibited high diagnostic efficacy, while PYCARD demonstrated poor diagnostic efficacy. High expression of CASP1, NLRP3, and NLRP1 correlated with a better prognosis (p < 0.05), while elevated AIM2 expression was associated with a poor prognosis (p < 0.05). However, PYCARD exhibited no significant correlation with prognosis (p > 0.05). The immunohistochemistry results showed that positive rates of CASP1, NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRP1 were 20%, 15%, 70%, and 10%, respectively, while in adjacent tissues, the positive rates were 60%, 60%, 20%, and70%, indicating high expression of AIM2 and low expression of CASP1, NLRP3, and NLRP1 in lung adenocarcinoma.Conclusion: CASP1, NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRP1 are core pyroptotic genes in lung adenocarcinoma and exhibit a strong correlation with immune cell infiltration, diagnosis, and prognosis of this condition. These genes may be useful in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Postmaterialism and Environmental Protection Revisited: Domestic Plastic Bag Regulations, 1992–2019
Authors: Uji Azusa , Song Jaehyun , Dolšak Nives , Prakash Aseem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The postmaterialism hypothesis suggests that wealthy countries are likely to be early adopters of pollution control regulations. Yet, Global South countries have taken the lead in regulating plastic bags. To explain this puzzle, we examine the influence of plastic waste imports on the onset of domestic plastic bag regulations. Processing imported waste creates visible local pollution in the Global South and mobilizes citizens and environmental groups. Because plastic bags are a visible manifestation of the plastic pollution problem, they become focal points for regulatory action. Using a hazard model, our analysis of 133 countries for the 1992–2019 period suggests that plastic waste importers (located in the Global South) are more likely to regulate plastic bags (via fees or bans) earlier, while plastic waste exports are not associated with plastic bag regulation. This article raises broader theoretical issues about domestic policy spillovers of international trade and addresses how trade might unexpectedly activate domestic politics focused on postmaterialist concerns.
Combined effects of density and predation on the foraging behaviour of gerbils
Authors: Shalev Omri , Saraiva de Menezes Jorge Fernando , Sargunaraj Franklin , Embar Keren , Kotler Burt P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Intraspecific competition and predation are core interests of ecology due to their ability to influence population dynamics. While these interactions have been investigated at length, non-lethal effects of predation and their interaction with intraspecific competition are still poorly understood. In this study, we placed two species of gerbils (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi and Gerbillus pyramidum) in a vivarium where we could manipulate predator (barn owl, Tyto alba) presence and gerbil density, while keeping both species isolated. In that setting, we quantified gerbil foraging behavior by measuring the time they spent in food patches and the vigilance they employed in those patches. Food patches varied in risk (probability of being preyed upon), depending on moonlight and presence of owls. We expected that increased competition would decrease gerbil vigilance and lead them to use more dangerous patches. We found support for that expectation. Intraspecific competition suppressed the response to predators in contrast to a predator-mediated competition, where predation suppressed competition. Both species of gerbils behaved differently at high-density with no predators, with G. a. allenbyi decreasing vigilance in the face of predators while G. pyramidum increased vigilance in predators’ absence. This difference may be caused by G. a. allenbyi facing stronger intraspecific competition than G. pyramidum. If it were subjected to high degrees of intraspecific competition, G. a. allenbyi may experience less interruptions in foraging bout when the owl is present as it might reduce the number of confrontations with competitors. Thus, the interaction between predation risk and competition can be diverse even among species that are in the same genus. Clearly, there is a wealth of knowledge to be studied in this area.
Revitalizing Ayurveda
Authors: Bode Maarten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Modern Ayurveda, a product of the colonial period, is marked by scientization, Sanskritization, and professionalization. In the last four decades of the twentieth century, Ayurvedic research by Indian government bodies mainly consisted of studies on the binomial botanical identity of Ayurvedic material medica, their physicochemical constituents, and the forced reconciliation of Ayurvedic notions with biomedical concepts. Research seldom found its way to international medical journals. India’s growing global importance, the proliferation of lifestyle diseases, and the rise of complementary and alternative medicine prompted Indian government bodies and universities to initiate laboratory studies under the banner of “Ayurveda Biology” to experimentally prove the validity of Ayurvedic notions, materials, and treatment procedures. Linking Ayurvedic notions to genomics and testing them through meticulously designed bioassays is intended to undercut the view that Ayurveda is outdated and that treatments only work because of their placebo effects. The objective is to develop Ayurvedic studies that will find their way to internationally acclaimed medical and biological journals. This paper critically examines two of these research projects and argues that the nascent Ayurveda Biology research community should also seek inspiration from the medical humanities and the philosophy of science. Otherwise, Ayurveda’s mindful and ecological body will be cut to size on the Procrustean bed of structural biology.
Eugnostos and The Sophia of Jesus Christ as Third-Century Ecumenical Gnostic Christofictions
Authors: DeConick April D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article argues that Eugnostos and its adaptation The Sophia of Jesus Christ, represent third-century Christian compositions that were created by Christians who collected second-century Gnostic artifacts because they were interested in Jesus esoterica. They believed that these texts were old and original to Christianity, preserving authentic wisdom about the nature of God, the world, and our existence. They relied on these texts to create their own condensed version of mythmaking which yielded ecumenical configurations of Gnosticism that appeared to reflect an esoteric Christian philosophy old-as-the-hills. This metaphysical knowledge was used by the authors to critique Catholic theology and resist the increasing consolidation and encroachment of Catholicism.
Cause of the Recent Tendency of Tropical Cyclones Approaching Coasts as Revealed by HighResMIP-PRIMAVERA Simulations
Authors: Ogawa Fumiaki , Minobe Shoshiro , Roberts Malcolm J. , Haarsma Rein , Putrasahan Dian , Scoccimarro Enrico , Terray Laurent , Vidale Pier Luigi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tropical cyclones developing over the ocean threaten society when they approach land. A recent study has shown that the global mean distance of tropical cyclones at their lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) to the land has decreased over the last 40 years. However, whether this trend is due to global warming or natural variability still needs to be determined. This study aims to identify the primary driver of the observed trend. We analyzed both atmosphere-only and coupled simulations following the CMIP6 High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) protocol with global models from the PRIMAVERA project. The former can depict the responses to anthropogenic forcing and natural climate variability constrained by sea surface temperature (SST), while the latter can reproduce only the forced response. The observed LMI distance shows statistically significant trends in the Pacific basin. For this basin, model results indicate that the atmosphere-only simulations reproduced the observed trend of the LMI distance, but the atmosphere–ocean coupled simulations did not, suggesting that the observed trend is not due to global warming but to natural variability. The results of atmospheric-only simulations supported the previously proposed hypothesis based on the observational evidence that the low-frequency variability of SST and the LMI distance to the coasts are linked by the atmospheric steering wind anomaly associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) or, equivalently, the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), suggesting that the recent decadal trend in the LMI distance is driven by natural low-frequency SST variability. These findings bear societal significance, as the recently observed trend may not persist with progressing global warming but depends on future changes in PDO/IPO.

Significance Statement
In recent years, a tendency has been observed for tropical cyclones to become closer to the land at their strongest stage. We want to understand whether this trend will continue in the future due to global warming or whether it may change due to climate variability, but it is difficult to elucidate from only observational data. Therefore, we analyzed multiple global simulation data. Through this analysis, we checked the reproducibility of the observed trend in the models and used statistical methods to explore the factors behind the trend. The results suggest that the trend is not primarily driven by global warming but rather by decadal natural variability in the Pacific sea surface temperatures. Therefore, the observed recent trend may not continue in the future.
Psychometric Properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) Among Indian Youth
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Yanjana  , Kumar Mahesh , Rajan Anisha 
Published: February 2025

Background: The positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) is widely used to assess positive (PA) and negative affect (NA). Despite its extensive global validation, its psychometric properties remain unexamined among the Indian youth population (IYP). This study aims to evaluate the structural validity, reliability (internal consistency), and criterion validity of the PANAS among IYP. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 660 students (57.4% females, mean age 16.25 ± 2.79 years) from 10 educational institutions across five cities in [State name], India. Participants were selected using random sampling. They underwent a comprehensive assessment, including face-to-face semi-structured interviews using the PANAS, anxiety measures, depressive measures, and happiness measures. The SPSS (version 16) and JASP (version 0.14.1) software were used for reliability, validity, and factor analysis. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a two-independent-factor structure with satisfactory fitness indices (goodness-of-fit index [GFI] = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.07; standardized root mean square residual = 0.06). The PANAS factor loads ranged from 0.44 to 0.73. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.85 for PA and 0.83 for NA. Analyses showed adequate criterion validity. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate adequate structural validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity of the PANAS, confirming its suitability for assessing effect in IYP. However, some indices in CFA suggest further refinement.