bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact all-dielectric metasurface for full polarization detection at the long-wavelength infrared region
Authors: Guo Kai , Wang Chao , Kang Qianlong , Guo Zhongyi 
Published: September 2023

Metasurfaces have been extensively demonstrated in engineering and detection of polarization of light from the visible to terahertz regions. However, most of the previous metasurfaces for polarization detection are spatially divided into different parts, and each of the parts focuses on different polarization components, resulting in large metasurface size and hindering their integration development. In this paper, a compact all-dielectric metasurface is proposed and numerically demonstrated to achieve full polarization detection at the long-wavelength infrared region (LIR). First, we design the metasurface at a wavelength of 10 µm, which can converge incident beams to specific positions corresponding to different polarization states. In this design, the metasurface is based on an oblique alternant double-phase modulation method, which arranges meta-atoms with the ability to control as many as possible different polarizations in a limited region, ensuring the high efficiency of polarization detection while giving more freedom and flexibility to the metasurface. Second, the intensity distributions of the electric field of different polarization components are simulated at wavelengths of 9.4 µm and 10.5 µm, verifying the broadband performance of the proposed metasurface. The proposed method has potential applications in integrated multifunctional devices and multispectral polarization imaging.
Integration of primary contact physiotherapists in the emergency department for individuals presenting with minor musculoskeletal disorders: Protocol for an economic evaluation
Authors: Gagnon Rose , Hébert Luc J. , Guertin Jason R. , Berthelot Simon , Desmeules François , Perreault Kadija 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
1) To compare the average cost of an emergency department (ED) visit for various minor musculoskeletal disorders between two models of care (physiotherapist and ED physician or ED physician alone); 2) To evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of these two models of care over a 3-month period post-initial visit; and 3) To estimate the ICER of three ED models of care (physiotherapist and ED physician, ED physician alone, physiotherapist alone) over a two-year period.

Methods
Obj.1: The costs incurred by participants in the two groups during their ED visit will be calculated using the Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) method. These costs will be compared using generalized linear models. Obj. 2: The ICER of the two models will be evaluated over three months via a cost-utility analysis that will combine costs and effectiveness data (quality-adjusted life years) using both Health system and Societal perspectives (patient + health system costs). Obj. 3: The 2-year ICER of the three above-mentioned models will be estimated using a mathematical model including a decision tree (0–3 months post-visit) and a Markov model (3–24 months post-visit), also using both Health system and Societal perspectives. Data to answer the three objectives will come from data collected during a randomized clinical trial (n = 78, CHU de Québec)which will be supplemented with data obtained via some of the CHU de Québec administrative databases (nominative data; SIURGE (ED management software), Cristal-Net (patient electronic record), and the ED’s pharmacy transactions directory; administrative data: drug costs repository), the literature, and public cost repositories.

Conclusion
This study will help to determine which model of care is most efficient for the management of individuals who come to the ED with minor musculoskeletal disorders. The increased involvement of various health professionals in the management of patients in the ED paves the way for the development of new avenues of practice and more efficient organization of services.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of angiotensin receptor blockers with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Chih-Wei , Chang Chun-Wei , Lin Yi-Cheng , Chen Wan-Ting , Chien Li-Nien , Huang Chun-Yao 
Published: September 2023

Background
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are considered an alternative to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but in the era of extensive use of preventive therapies and percutaneous coronary intervention, this has not been adequately evaluated in Asians.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. In total, 52,620 patients initially hospitalized due to AMI between 2002 and 2015 were assessed.

Results
After propensity score matching, 14,993 patients each were assigned to ACEI and ARB groups. Patients who received ARBs had significantly lower all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–0.90) and hospitalization for heart failure (aHR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85–0.99) compared with those who received ACEIs at 18 month follow-up. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events (aHR: 098; 95% CI: 0.90–1.07), cardiovascular death (aHR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68–1.00), ischemia stroke (aHR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.77–1.11), and nonfatal myocardial infarction (aHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.93–1.17). ARBs showed benefits in many subgroups in terms of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death.

Conclusions
Real-world data demonstrate that ARBs might be associated with lower all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure compared with ACEIs among patients with AMI.
Prevalence and knowledge about acute mountain sickness in the Western Alps
Authors: Berger Marc Moritz , Hüsing Anika , Niessen Nicolai , Schiefer Lisa Maria , Schneider Michael , Bärtsch Peter , Jöckel Karl-Heinz 
Published: September 2023

Objective
To assess the prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in 1370 mountaineers at four different altitudes in the Western Alps. We also examined the influence of potential risk factors and the knowledge about AMS on its prevalence.

Methods
In this observational cross-sectional study AMS was assessed on the day of ascent by the Lake Louise score (LLS, cut-off ≥3, version 2018) and the AMS-Cerebral (AMS-C) score of the environmental symptom questionnaire (cut-off ≥0,70). The latter was also obtained in the next morning. Knowledge regarding AMS and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and the potential risk factors for AMS were evaluated by questionnaires.

Results
On the day of ascent, the prevalence of AMS assessed by the LLS and AMS-C score was 5.8 and 3.9% at 2850 m, 2.1 and 3.1% at 3050 m, 14.8 and 10.1% at 3650 m, and 21.9 and 15% at 4559 m, respectively. The AMS prevalence increased overnight from 10.1 to 14.5% and from 15 to 25.2% at 3650 m and 4559 m, respectively, and was unchanged at 2850 m and 3050 m. A history of AMS, higher altitude, lower degree of pre-acclimatization, and younger age were identified as risk factors for developing AMS. Slow ascent was weakly associated with AMS prevalence, and sex and knowledge about AMS and HACE were indistinct.

Conclusion
AMS is common at altitudes ≥ 3650 m and better knowledge about AMS and HACE was not associated with less AMS in mountaineers with on average little knowledge.
Temporal trends in hospitalizations and 30-day mortality in older patients during the COVID pandemic from March 2020 to July 2021
Authors: Garcia-Ptacek Sara , Xu Hong , Annetorp Martin , Jerlardtz Viktoria Bäck , Cederholm Tommy , Engström Malin , Kivipelto Miia , Lundberg Lars Göran , Metzner Carina , Olsson Maria , Nyvang Josefina Skogö , Sühl Öberg Carina , Åkesson Elisabet , Religa Dorota , Eriksdotter Maria 
Published: September 2023

Background
A reduction in mortality risk of COVID-19 throughout the first wave of the pandemic has been reported, but less is known about later waves. This study aimed to describe changes in hospitalizations and mortality of patients receiving inpatient geriatric care for COVID-19 or other causes during the pandemic.

Methods
Patients 70 years and older hospitalized in geriatric hospitals in Stockholm for COVID-19 or other causes between March 2020-July 2021 were included. Data on the incidence of COVID-positive cases and 30-day mortality of the total ≥ 70-year-old population, in relation to weekly hospitalizations and mortality after hospital admissions were analyzed.
Findings
The total number of hospitalizations was 5,320 for COVID-19 and 32,243 for non-COVID-cases. In COVID-patients, the 30-day mortality rate was highest at the beginning of the first wave (29% in March-April 2020), reached 17% at the second wave peak (November-December) followed by 11–13% in the third wave (March-July 2021). The mortality in non-COVID geriatric patients showed a similar trend, but of lower magnitude (5–10%). During the incidence peaks, COVID-19 hospitalizations displaced non-COVID geriatric patients.

Interpretation
Hospital admissions and 30-day mortality after hospitalizations for COVID-19 increased in periods of high community transmission, albeit with decreasing mortality rates from wave 1 to 3, with a probable vaccination effect in wave 3. Thus, the healthcare system could not compensate for the high community spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic peaks, which also led to displacing care for non-COVID geriatric patients.
Performance characteristics and operational feasibility assessment of a CRISPR based tata MD CHECK diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Shenai Shubhada , Nataraj Gita , Jinwal Minal , Thekke Purakkal Akhil S. , Sen Rajashree , Ingole Nayana , Mathure Trupti , Sarin Sanjay , Chadha Sarabjit S. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Tata MD CHECK SARS-CoV-2 kit 1.0, a CRISPR based reverse transcription PCR (TMC-CRISPR) test was approved by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for COVID-19 diagnosis in India. To determine the potential for rapid roll-out of this test, we conducted performance characteristic and an operational feasibility assessment (OFA) at a tertiary care setting.

Intervention
The study was conducted at an ICMR approved COVID-19 RT-PCR laboratory of King Edward Memorial (KEM) hospital, Mumbai, India. The TMC-CRISPR test was evaluated against the gold-standard RT-PCR test using the same RNA sample extracted from fresh and frozen clinical specimens collected from COVID-19 suspects for routine diagnosis. TMC-CRISPR results were determined manually and using the Tata MD CHECK application. An independent agency conducted interviews of relevant laboratory staff and supervisors for OFA.

Results
Overall, 2,332 (fresh: 2,121, frozen: 211) clinical specimens were analysed of which, 140 (6%) were detected positive for COVID-19 by TMC-CRISPR compared to 261 (11%) by RT-PCR. Overall sensitivity and specificity of CRISPR was 44% (95% CI: 38.1%-50.1%) and 99% (95% CI: 98.2%-99.1%) respectively when compared to RT-PCR. Discordance between TMC-CRISPR and RT-PCR results increased with increasing Ct values and corresponding decreasing viral load (range: <20% to >85%). In the OFA, all participants indicated no additional requirements of training to set up RT PCR. However, extra post-PCR steps such as setting up the CRISPR reaction and handling of detection strips were time consuming and required special training. No significant difference was observed between manual and mobile app-based readings. However, issues such as erroneous results, difficulty in interpretation of faint bands, internet connectivity, data safety and security were highlighted as challenges with the app-based readings.

Conclusion
The evaluated version-Tata MD CHECK SARS-CoV-2 kit 1.0 of TMC-CRISPR test cannot be considered as an alternative to the RT-PCR. There is a definite scope for improvement in this assay.
A systematic review of whole disease models for informing healthcare resource allocation decisions
Authors: Jin Huajie , Tappenden Paul , Ling Xiaoxiao , Robinson Stewart , Byford Sarah 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundWhole disease models (WDM) are large-scale, system-level models which can evaluate multiple decision questions across an entire care pathway. Whilst this type of model can offer several advantages as a platform for undertaking economic analyses, the availability and quality of existing WDMs is unknown.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to identify existing WDMs to explore which disease areas they cover, to critically assess the quality of these models and provide recommendations for future research.MethodsAn electronic search was performed on multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database and the Health Technology Assessment database) on 23rd July 2023. Two independent reviewers selected studies for inclusion. Study quality was assessed using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) appraisal checklist for economic evaluations. Model characteristics were descriptively summarised.ResultsForty-four WDMs were identified, of which thirty-two were developed after 2010. The main disease areas covered by existing WDMs are heart disease, cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and metabolic disease. The quality of included WDMs is generally low. Common limitations included failure to consider the harms and costs of adverse events (AEs) of interventions, lack of probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and poor reporting.ConclusionsThere has been an increase in the number of WDMs since 2010. However, their quality is generally low which means they may require significant modification before they could be re-used, such as modelling AEs of interventions and incorporation of PSA. Sufficient details of the WDMs need to be reported to allow future reuse/adaptation.
Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity correlates with reduced retinal vessel density in patients with carotid artery stenosis: Cross-sectional, single center study
Authors: Magyar-Stang Rita , István Lilla , Pál Hanga , Csányi Borbála , Gaál Anna , Mihály Zsuzsanna , Czinege Zsófia , Sótonyi Péter , Tamás Horváth , Koller Akos , Bereczki Dániel , Kovács Illés , Debreczeni Róbert 
Published: September 2023

Background
The cerebral and retinal circulation systems are developmentally, anatomically, and physiologically interconnected. Thus, we hypothesized that hypoperfusion due to atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) can result in disturbances of both cerebral and retinal microcirculations. We aimed to characterize parameters indicating cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and retinal microvascular density in patients with ICA stenosis, and assess if there is correlation between them.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study the middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity was measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) and, simultaneously, continuous non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurement was performed on the radial artery by applanation tonometry. CVR was assessed based on the response to the common carotid artery compression (CCC) test. The transient hyperemic response ratio (THRR) and cerebral arterial resistance transient hyperemic response ratio (CAR-THRR) were calculated. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to determine vessel density (VD) on the papilla whole image for all (VDP-WIall) and for small vessels (VDP-WIsmall). The same was done in the peripapillary region: all (VDPPall), and small (VDPPsmall) vessels. The VD of superficial (VDMspf) and deep (VDMdeep) macula was also determined. Significance was accepted when p<0.05.

Results
Twenty-four ICA stenotic patients were evaluated. Both CVR and retinal VD were characterized. There was a significant, negative correlation between CAR-THRR (median = -0.40) and VDPPsmall vessels (median = 52%), as well as between VDPPall vessels (median = 58%), and similar correlation between CAR-THRR and VDP-WIsmall (median = 49.5%) and between VDP-WIall (median = 55%).

Conclusion
The significant correlation between impaired cerebrovascular reactivity and retinal vessel density in patients with ICA stenosis suggests a common mechanism of action. We propose that the combined use of these diagnostic tools (TCD and OCTA) helps to better identify patients with increased ischemic or other cerebrovascular risks.
Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
Authors: Fu Yutong , Xu Chunyan , Fan Hong , Yang Xue , Ou Jibing , Yao Liqing , Wang Wenli 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Currently, there are no cases of targeted, individualized repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment based on event-related potential (ERPs) results showing the activation of functional brain regions. The identification and treatment of mild cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury are challenging. rTMS has shown unique advantages in previous studies, with positive effects on noninvasive modulation and neuroplasticity after brain injury. The selection of the rTMS parameters and targets remains controversial. ERPs indicate the cortical activity involved in cognitive processing in patients. Therefore, this study proposes that ERPs can be used as biomarkers of cognitive recovery. The results of this study will guide the development of rTMS protocols for patient treatment. To help clinicians better apply rTMS and ERPs in combination, we conducted a relevant literature review and discussion, detailing the therapeutic mechanisms of the combination of ERPs and rTMS. This will facilitate the precise assessment and personalized treatment of such patients, improve the abnormal processing patterns of patients, and promote their return to life and society.
On extremal cacti with respect to the first degree-based entropy
Authors: Li Weimin , Li Jianping , Zhang Jianbin , He Weihua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Let

G

G

be a simple graph with degree sequence

D

(

G

)

=

(

d

1

,

d

2

,

…

,

d

n

)

D\left(G)=\left({d}_{1},{d}_{2},\ldots ,{d}_{n})

. The first degree-based entropy of

G

G

is defined as

I

1

(

G

)

=
ln

∑

i
=
1

n

d

i

−

1

∑

i
=
1

n

d

i

∑

i
=
1

n

(

d

i

ln

d

i

)

{I}_{1}\left(G)=\mathrm{ln}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{d}_{i}-\frac{1}{{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{d}_{i}}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}\left({d}_{i}\mathrm{ln}{d}_{i})

. In this article, we give sharp upper and lower bounds for the first degree-based entropy of graphs in

C

(

n
,
k

)

{\mathcal{C}}\left(n,k)

and characterize the corresponding extremal graphs when each bound is attained, where

C

(

n
,
k

)

{\mathcal{C}}\left(n,k)

is the set of all cacti with

n

n

vertices and

k

k

cycles.
Catalytic oxidative carbon–carbon bond-formations of benzene-1,2-diols
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction has emerged as a powerful synthetic tactic for forging carbon–carbon bonds starting from two nucleophiles. However, the mechanisms underlying this reaction class are complex and not always intuitive. Thus, understanding the key principles to selectively promote the bond-forming event in each CDC reaction is a prominent step for the further development of these reactions. Herein, we focus on the CDC reaction of benzene-1,2-diols (catechols and pyrocatechols), aiming to make the complex bond-forming event more comprehensive. To draw mechanistic views, we divide the reaction types according to the mechanistic difference in the C–C bond-forming event: In the Type I mechanism, the reaction is initiated by oxidation of benzene-1,2-diols to the corresponding 1,2-benzoquinones. In the Type II mechanism, the coupling partner is initially oxidized, and the resulting radical directly couples with benzene-1,2-diols (or their enolate form). According to this mechanistic classification, we first describe the basic features of the quinone redox reaction to discuss the reactivity difference between benzene-1,2-diols and 1,2-benzoquinones. We then present the historical background and state of the art of current CDC reactions starting from benzene-1,2-diols. This mini-review encourages the development of catalytic CDC reactions of benzene-1,2-diols and other substrates.
Prosody influence on (im)politeness perception in Chinese-German intercultural communication
Authors: Cao Jiazhen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to explore the influences of prosody on (im)politeness perception in intercultural communication. Based on empirical data collected in perceptual experiments, the paper compares the perception of the (im)politeness prosodic properties of L1 German speakers and L2 German speakers of Chinese origin. It was found that the two subject groups show clear distinctions in their (im)politeness perceptions and that prosodic features exert different impacts on (im)politeness perception: L2 German speakers of Chinese origin perceive lower acoustic intensity, more pauses, and lower muscle tension as indicators of higher level of politeness, whereas the opposite holds true for L1 German speakers. In addition, the former demonstrate higher sensitivity to speech rate and modal particle stress than the latter. The study’s findings indicate that (im)politeness and prosody perception are influenced by people’s first language and home-grown culture, and a prosodic mitigation strategy may not be fully applicable in intercultural communication.
Herstellung von zellulären Faltstrukturen aus Blech
Authors: Görz Marcel , Thissen Simon , Clauß Philipp , Rouven Riedmüller Kim , Liewald Mathias , Middendorf Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Umformwerkzeugs zur Herstellung von Faltstrukturen aus Stahlblechen, welche für Sandwich-Anwendungen eingesetzt werden können. Ausgehend von einer Analyse des Standes der Technik hinsichtlich der Faltkinematik von Faltstrukturen und unterschiedlichen Werkzeugkonzepten wurde ein Werkzeug entwickelt, welches die Herstellung von Faltstrukturen aus Feinblech ermöglicht. Dieser Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass die Herstellung von Faltstrukturen durch das gezielte Biegen von Blechen mit nicht vernachlässigbaren Dicken nur durch die Verwendung eines geeigneten Faltwerkzeugs möglich ist.
Vorgehensmodell für die Kreislaufführung von Elektro- und Elektronikaltgeräten
Authors: Wurster Marco , Kille Vincent , Binding Markus , Lanza Gisela 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Die Kreislaufführung von Wert- und Stoffströmen kann die negativen Folgen von steigenden Rohstoffkosten und Verfügbarkeitsproblemen in der produzierenden Industrie eindämmen, ist jedoch mit organisatorischen und technischen Herausforderungen verbunden. Im Zuge dieses Beitrags wird ein Vorgehensmodell für eine strukturierte techno-ökonomische Bewertung der Recyclingfähigkeit sowie für eine Demontageplanung von sich im Feld befindlichen Elektro- und Elektronikaltgeräten (EEAG) vorgestellt und anhand des Waschmaschinenrecyclings demonstriert.
Vergleich numerischer Simulationen von Tiegelöfen zur Beschreibung energierelevanter Betriebszustände
Authors: Mages Alexander , Sauer Alexander 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mit einem Gesamtenergieverbrauch von 4,2 TWh zählen die Nichteisen-Metallgießereien zu den besonders energieintensiven Branchen. Insbesondere der Prozessschritt Schmelzen benötigt etwa 50 Prozent des Energieverbrauchs. Hierbei können numerische Methoden unterstützen, das Potenzial zu erschließen. Daher wird in diesem Beitrag der Stand der Technik der numerischen Simulationen zur Beschreibung elektrisch widerstands- und brennstoffbeheizter Tiegelöfen hinsichtlich darstellbaren energierelevanten Betriebszuständen eingeordnet und bewertet. Simulationsmodelle nur brennstoffbeheizter Tiegelöfen basieren auf stark vereinfachenden oder unklaren Annahmen, die einzelne Betriebszustände nur grob abbilden. Numerische Simulationsmodelle elektrisch widerstandsbeheizter Schmelzöfen können hingegen Betriebszustände bereits detaillierter abbilden, womit diese zur simulationsbasierten Optimierung besser geeignet sind.