bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Let’s Talk About Sex…Cell Lineages
Authors: MacCord Kate 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSex is fundamental to many organisms. It is through sexual reproduction that humans, and many metazoans (multicellular eukaryotes in the animal kingdom), propagate our species. For more than 150 years, sexual reproduction within metazoans has been understood to rely on the existence of a discrete category of cells (germ cells) that are usually considered uniquely separate from all other cells in the body (somatic cells), and which form a cell lineage (germline) that is sequestered from all somatic cell lineages. The consideration of germ cells and germline as the lone source of reproductive potential within metazoans has allowed many investigators to place the hereditary and evolutionary burdens of sexually reproducing lineages solely within these cells and cell lineages, making them central to many important topics within biology, such as units of selection, transmission and population genetics, Darwinian evolution, and individuality. Regarding these topics, there is a predominant and shared understanding of germ cells, somatic cells, and the ways in which these two relate to each other that is rarely critically evaluated. In this article, I lay out how germ cells and germline within metazoans are understood by a majority of scientists and philosophers, both now and historically, by sketching out what I call the predominant epistemic framework of germ. I show how this framework conflicts with empirical evidence, propose a series of revisions to realign it with this evidence, and indicate why such revisions are urgently needed by highlighting the case of somatic cell genome editing.
A multi-objective optimization approach for the virtual coupling train set driving strategy
Authors: Lin Junting , Li Maolin , Qiu Xiaohui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper presents an improved virtual coupling train set (VCTS) operation control framework to deal with the lack of optimization of speed curves in the traditional techniques. The framework takes into account the temporary speed limit on the railway line and the communication delay between trains, and it uses a VCTS consisting of three trains as an experimental object. It creates the virtual coupling train tracking and control process by improving the driving strategy of the leader train and using the leader–follower model. The follower train uses the improved speed curve of the leader train as its speed reference curve through knowledge migration, and this completes the multi-objective optimization of the driving strategy for the VCTS. The experimental results confirm that the deep reinforcement learning algorithm effectively achieves the optimization goal of the train driving strategy. They also reveal that the intrinsic curiosity module prioritized experience replay dueling double deep Q-network (ICM-PER-D3QN) algorithm outperforms the deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm in optimizing the driving strategy of the leader train. The ICM-PER-D3QN algorithm enhances the leader train driving strategy by an average of 57% when compared to the DQN algorithm. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based model predictive control (MPC) algorithm has also demonstrated tracking accuracy and further improved safety during VCTS operation, with an average increase of 37.7% in tracking accuracy compared to the traditional MPC algorithm.
Adult-plant resistance and a suitable method of reaction determination to scald and net form net blotch in malt barley genotypes at a hot spot location in Ethiopia
Authors: Ababa Girma , Shiferaw Tigist , Hailu Wami , Fekadu Wondimu , Alamerew Sentayehu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractScald and net form net blotch caused by fungal pathogens Rhynchosporium secalis and Pyrenophora teres f. teres, respectively, are significant foliar diseases affecting barley production on a global scale, and they lead to substantial reductions in both yield and quality. In the current study, the reactions of 100 malt barley genotypes to the diseases were evaluated under natural conditions in Ethiopia. Again, several methods of genotype reaction determination were assessed to select a suitable method. Field trial was conducted using a simple lattice design. The grain yield of ten middle rows (5 m2) was evaluated, and the results were converted to t ha−1. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was analyzed using the Pearson correlation in ellipses predictor at a P-value of 0.05 and 0.01. Logistic and Gompertz models were used for disease rate analysis. Genotypes HB#P786 and HB#P875 scored the highest (4.7 t ha−1) and lowest (0.8 t ha−1) grain yield, respectively. Eyal classes and Eyal and Brown reaction types were selected from several methods of genotype reaction determination. Out of one hundred genotypes evaluated, 41% were susceptible, 52% were moderately susceptible, 5% were moderately resistant, and 2% were resistant to scald disease. Genotypes such as HB#P1063 and HB#P239 were resistant to scald disease. Moreover, 16% were susceptible, 68% moderately susceptible, 12% were moderately resistant, and 4% were resistant to net form net blotch disease. Genotypes such as HB#P1063, HB#P239, SARC#41, and HB#P793 were resistant to net form net blotch disease. Therefore, these genotypes can be used for crop improvement in subsequent breeding schemes. A negative correlation (r = − 0.1) between plant height and leaf blotch severity indicated that the highest plant height genotype could be used for scald resistance. The current research suggests that the breeder can use the identified resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for future breeding schemes.
Broadband dual-polarized antenna with parasitic elements for base-station applications
Authors: Zakerifar Hamid , Nourinia Javad , Ghobadi Changiz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A broadband ±45° dual-polarized base-station antenna based on crossed-dipoles with parasitic elements has been presented in this study. This antenna consists of printed dipoles fed by integrated baluns, parasitic elements, and a ground plane below them. As a result of using parasitic elements on the dipoles and creating a suitable coupling between them, the antenna’s impedance bandwidth has been improved, and its dimensions have been reduced. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna can cover the frequency band of 1.58–2.73 GHz with |S11| < −15 dB and isolation better than 17 dB. The measured peak gain for the proposed antenna in the frequency band is reported as 7.8 dB. Also, the antenna’s half-power beamwidth equals 62.15° ± 1.45°. The proposed antenna is fabricated with overall dimensions of 0.67λ0 × 0.67λ0 × 0.17λ0 and has been measured in the antenna laboratory.
Integrated analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs in thousands of single cells
Authors: Li Jia , Tian Jing , Cai Tao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe simultaneous sequencing of multiple types of biomolecules can facilitate understanding various forms of regulation occurring in cells. Cosequencing of miRNA and mRNA at single-cell resolution is challenging, and to date, only a few such studies (examining a quite limited number of cells) have been reported. Here, we developed a parallel single-cell small RNA and mRNA coprofiling method (PSCSR-seq V2) that enables miRNA and mRNA coexpression analysis in many cells. The PSCSR-seq V2 method is highly sensitive for miRNA analysis, and it also provides rich mRNA information about the examined cells at the same time. We employed PSCSR-seq V2 to profile miRNA and mRNA in 2310 cultured cells, and detected an average of 181 miRNA species and 7354 mRNA species per cell. An integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA profiles linked miRNA functions with the negative regulation of tumor suppressor and reprogramming of cellular metabolism. We coprofiled miRNA and mRNA in 9403 lung cells and generated a coexpression atlas for known cell populations in mouse lungs, and detected conserved expression patterns of miRNAs among lineage-related cells. Based on this information, we identified informative age-associated miRNAs in mouse and human lung cells including miR-29, which can be understood as a conserved marker for immunosenescence. PSCSR-seq V2 offers unique functionality to users conducting functional studies of miRNAs in clinical and basic biological research.
Stapedotomy or Stapedectomy: Does It Really Matter?
Authors: Teixeira-Marques Francisco , Osório Rita Vaz , Teixeira Mónica , Rebelo Joana , Gerós Sandra , Helena Diamantino , Almeida António Faria de , Oliveira Pedro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction Otosclerosis leads to stapes fixation and consequent conductive hearing loss. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, and it can be achieved through small fenestra stapedotomy or stapedectomy. Despite the first being favored by most, evidence supporting its superiority over the latter remains inconclusive.
Objective To assess the hearing outcomes and complications of stapes surgery performed in a series of patients with otosclerosis and compare the results of stapedotomy with stapedectomy.
Methods A retrospective study of 134 ears in 125 otosclerosis patients undergoing primary stapes surgery was conducted. Patients underwent either stapedotomy or stapedectomy, and outcomes were compared using pre- and postoperative audiometric data and complication rates.
Results Most cases (81%) underwent stapedotomy. Both techniques resulted in significant improvement in air-bone gap (ABG) and speech recognition threshold (SRT) postoperatively, with no significant difference between them. Complication rates were comparable between techniques, with no statistical difference in postoperative complications.
Conclusion Both stapedotomy and stapedectomy offer favorable hearing outcomes with low complication rates in otosclerosis patients. While stapedotomy remains the preferred technique, if the initial plan shifts to a stapedectomy, surgeons should remain composed and confident in a good hearing outcome.
Tendon Transfer Procedures for Correction of Foot Drop Due to Injury to the Peripheral Nerves or Muscles
Authors: Lauer Henrik , Heinzel Johannes Christoph , Vasselli Benedetta , Farzaliyev Farhad , Ritter Jana , Kolbenschlag Jonas , Daigeler Adrien , Prahm Cosima 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Foot drop is a challenging condition that significantly impacts the affected patient's mobility and quality of life. Tendon transfer has emerged as a viable treatment option. We hereby present data of the tendon transfer procedures in patients with foot drop in our department. Besides a detailed description of our surgical technique, we also compare our results with those reported in the literature.
Methods Data from 17 patients (11 males and 6 females) suffering from foot drop due to peripheral nerve or muscle lesions were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent tendon transfer procedures between 2017 and 2022. Assessed outcomes encompassed parameters such as strength of foot dorsiflexion, the necessity for postoperative orthotic devices, and patient satisfaction. Demographic data, the time elapsed from injury/illness to surgery, and the underlying causes of foot drop were collected.
Results Postsurgery, 14 patients regained robust dorsiflexion strength (M4), while 2 exhibited slightly lower strength (M3) and 1 attained equal strength as on the unaffected side (M5). Corrective procedures were undertaken in five patients to address problems with tendon tension. After an average follow-up period of 11.9 months (± 9.13), 82.4% of patients reported a high level of satisfaction, although three patients experienced persistent foot inversion. Most patients (94.1%) no longer required orthotic devices following the operative procedure.
Conclusion A tendon transfer procedure for correction of foot drop has proven to be a safe and effective treatment option, resulting in a high level of patient satisfaction and restoration of quality of life.
Revised direct bandgap and band parameters for AlP: hybrid-functional first-principles calculations vs experiment
Authors: Murphy Cónal , O’Reilly Eoin P. , Broderick Christopher A. 
Published: January 2025

Despite its relevance to the development of quantum-confined heterostructures for classical and quantum applications, there is significant uncertainty regarding several key band parameters for the indirect-gap III–V semiconductor AlP. Critically, using hybrid-functional first-principles calculations, we find that the Γ6c–Γ8v bandgap is ∼1 eV larger than the widely assumed value of 3.63 eV. This prediction is validated by using interband transition energies obtained from the hybrid-functional band structure to perform a constrained fit to spectroscopic ellipsometry data from the literature. Having validated the band structure vs experiment, we compute revised band parameters for AlP, including band edge effective masses, interband momentum (Kane) matrix elements, band edge deformation potentials, direct and indirect bandgap pressure coefficients, and natural valence band offset. Band parameters are also calculated using the Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential. Our results reconcile the spread in reported bandgaps and the conduction band valley ordering in AlP, while providing a consistent set of revised band parameters—including 8-band k · p parameters—to inform improved understanding of III-P electronic, optical, and transport properties.
An improved endwall-injection technique for examining high-temperature ignition of lubricating oils in shock tubes
Authors: Abulail Matthew , Cooper Sean P. , Mohr Darryl J. , Petersen Eric L. 
Published: January 2025

Ignition of the lubricating fluid in a mechanical system is a highly undesirable and unsafe condition that can arise from the elevated temperatures and pressures to which the lubricant is subjected. It is therefore important to understand the fundamental chemistry behind its ignition to predict and prevent this condition. Lubricating oils, particularly those with a mineral oil base, are very complex mixtures of thousands of hydrocarbons. Additionally, these oils have very low vapor pressures and high viscosities. These physical characteristics present considerable barriers to examining and understanding lubricant ignition chemistry. Therefore, a novel experimental design was devised to create and introduce a lubricant aerosol into a shock-tube facility in a reliable yet relatively simple manner. In this way, the lubricant can be quasi-homogeneously introduced into the shock tube where it will be vaporized by the incident shock wave, and combustion can be observed behind the reflected shock wave. To characterize the technique and anchor it with previously established methods, n-hexadecane was chosen to be tested both with the endwall injection and the well-established, heated shock tube techniques. This comparison showed good agreement, proving the ability of the simple technique to produce reliable ignition delay time (IDT) results. From here, Jet-A was also tested with the current injection technique and compared to a previous generation of the technique to highlight the advantages of the present method. Then, IDT results for mineral oil were collected to establish a baseline IDT set to which off-the-shelf lubricants and additional mixtures can be compared. Finally, IDTs for the off-the-shelf, mineral-based lubricant Mobil DTE 732 were obtained and compared to the baseline as well as the n-hexadecane results. All experiments were conducted near atmospheric pressure and for temperatures between 1084 and 1530 K. An analysis of the system estimated the effective stoichiometry to be around ϕ = 1.15. Although no kinetics mechanisms exist for lubrication oils, preliminary model predictions made by modern chemical kinetics mechanisms for an alkane with 16 carbon atoms were then compared to the results to elucidate some of the chemistry this new method will allow the community to probe. This paper establishes the new method as a viable way to study and compare the ignition behavior of lubricating oils and other very low-vapor-pressure fuels in a shock tube.
Electronic spectroscopy and excited state mixing of OThF
Authors: Rodriguez Arianna , Han Jiande , Yan Jiarui , Heaven Michael C. , Cheng Lan 
Published: January 2025

Electronic spectra for OThF have been recorded using fluorescence excitation and two-photon resonantly enhanced ionization techniques. Multiple vibronic bands were observed in the 340–460 nm range. Dispersed fluorescence spectra provided ground state vibrational constants and evidence of extensive vibronic state mixing at higher excitation energies. Two-photon ionization measurements established the ionization energy for OThF of 6.283(5) eV. To guide the assignment of the OThF spectra, electronic structure calculations were carried out using relativistic equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles methods. These calculations indicated that spin–orbit induced mixing of the 32A″ and 42A′ states was mediated by a seam of potential energy surface intersections.
How words can guide our eyes
Authors: Vingron Naomi , Müller Karoza Lea Alexandra , Azevedo Nancy , Johnson Aaron , Konstantinidis Evdokimos , Bamidis Panagiotis , Võ Melissa , Kehayia Eva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pursuing cognitively stimulating activities, such as engaging with art, is crucial to a healthy lifestyle. The
current work simulates visits to an art museum in a laboratory setting. Using eye tracking, we explored how linguistically guided
visual search may increase attention, enjoyment and retention of information when viewing art. Two groups of adults, young (under
35 years) and older (over 65 years) viewed ten paintings on a computer screen presented either with or without an accompanying
audio-guide, while having their eye movements recorded. Audio-guides referred to specific areas of the painting, marked as
Interest Areas (IA). Across age groups, as attested by gaze fixations, the audio-guides increased attention to these areas
compared to free-viewing. Audio-guided viewing did not lead to a significantly increase over free-viewing in information recall
accuracy or feelings of enjoyment and engagement. Overall, older adults did report feeling more positively about both audio-guided
and free viewing than young adults. Thus, the use of audio-guides, specifically the gamification through linguistically guided
visual search, may be a useful tool to promote meaningful attentional interactions with art.
Thermal and metaphorical meanings
Authors: Ge Yichang , Silva Fátima , Oliveira Fátima 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Temperature adjectives serve as linguistic vehicles to convey sensory perceptions of physical temperature and
metaphorical extensions that resonate across various spheres of communication. Languages vary widely in their vocabulary related
to temperature, how they classify these terms, and where they fit within grammatical structures. Despite this diversity, there are
shared features in how temperature adjectives convey both temperature and metaphorical meanings across languages. However,
European Portuguese (EP) research on temperature adjectives remains scarce. To better understand temperature adjectives in EP, we
conducted a corpus-based analysis of eight adjectives -“gélido”, “gelado”, “frio”, “fresco”, “morno”, “tépido”, “quente”,
“escaldante” (icy, frozen, cold, cool, lukewarm, tepid, hot, scorching) — to investigate their literal and metaphorical meanings
using a corpus of 2920 fragments from the Reference Corpus of Contemporary Portuguese and a quantitative and qualitative approach
for the analysis. Results show that all adjectives have metaphorical meanings in addition to basic temperature interpretations,
but their distribution varies. They primarily appear post-nominally and in attributive positions, responding differently to degree
quantifiers. While the nouns with which the adjectives combine are relevant, the alternation between temperature and metaphorical
readings also depends on context.
Factores pragmáticos en el uso de los marcadores evidenciales en gallego
Authors: González Vázquez Mercedes 
Published: January 2025

Resumen
Este artículo pretende indagar en los factores que condicionan el uso de los marcadores evidenciales en
interacción en la lengua gallega. Tras realizar un análisis cualitativo de ejemplos tomados de dos corpus, uno del gallego actual
y otro un corpus histórico, se defiende que en la decisión del uso de expresiones evidenciales se hallan factores pragmáticos como
son la configuración del territorio de información del hablante (Kamio, 1994, 1997) y la cortesía negativa (Brown & Levinson,
1987). En lo tocante a la primera categoría, la percepción de qué información pertenece al hablante se ve influida por
tres aspectos: el grado de participación del hablante en la obtención de la información, la lejanía del contenido respecto al
campo de especialización del hablante y, por último, si el acceso al contenido enunciado es intersubjetivo. En ninguno de los tres
casos, la falta de certeza en el contenido proposicional es un componente necesario para el empleo del marcador evidencial.
Respecto a la segunda categoría, la cortesía negativa, se confirma lo que se ha demostrado en la bibliografía sobre su importancia
en la aparición de los evidenciales en situaciones de asimetría epistémica.
Actitudes lingüísticas hacia el cambio de código entre valenciano y castellano
Authors: Heredia Maite , Fernández Trinidad Marianela , Jiménez-Bravo Miguel 
Published: January 2025

Resumen
Este estudio constituye un primer acercamiento a las actitudes lingüísticas hacia el cambio de código que se da en una comunidad bilingüe valenciano-castellano. Los fragmentos de audio utilizados como estímulos contenían muestras de habla espontánea obtenidas del programa televisivo À Punt e incluían casos de cambio de código inter- e intraoracional. Los estímulos fueron administrados a un total de 10 jueces mediante la técnica de pares ocultos para que valorasen mediante una encuesta la competencia lingüística de los hablantes. Los resultados mostraron juicios significativamente más negativos hacia los estímulos donde el hablante empleaba el cambio de código. Además, en un análisis más detallado, se observó que, en cada una de las cuatro preguntas realizadas, otras variables como la identidad lingüística de los jueces, su género y su nivel de estudios tuvieron un efecto en las valoraciones de estos hacia el cambio de código realizado por los hablantes.
Old mechanical hard disk drive- an excellent tool to demonstrate oscillation experiments
Authors: Hu Lian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The scrapped old hard disk drive (HDD) includes a spindle motor and a voice coil motor (VCM), which can be modified to the adjustable oscillator in three ways. VCM arm can vibrate at a specified frequency due to its special structure, making it suitable for demonstrating oscillation experiments such as resonance and standing waves that require precise frequency control. The HDD spindle motor can be easily modified into a simple crank mechanism to produce standing waves with various harmonics. The spindle motor and VCM can be modified to a crank–rocker mechanism, generating mechanical vibration. These three small-volume, portable vibration modules can all be used to demonstrate some vibration phenomena such as standing waves within a limited table range, and they can generate longitudinal and transverse waves simultaneously.