bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING MEDICATION MANAGEMENT FOR HOME-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: END-USER INPUT
Authors: Zadeh Rana , Reid Cary , Wethington Elaine , Czaja Sara , Capezuti Elizabeth , Shields Wendy , Traunstein Deb 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
HOPES™ Program is a joint community-university partnership, intended to build capacity for improving medication adherence and reducing medication mistakes, misuse, and abuse for community-dwelling older adults with reduced cognitive functioning (CWCs) in New York State (NYS). The goal of this program is to contribute to the health and safety of older adults, empower them and their caregivers to reduce medication non-adherence consequences and risks, and enable older adults to continue living at home while managing their health conditions. This program applied a collective user-centered approach to connect resources, identify and address barriers, and reach the most vulnerable groups. One aspect of our user-centered approach included a medication management and safety training module video that was adapted from the Medication Use Safety Training for Seniors™ (MUST for Seniors™) and underwent alpha and beta testing. A qualitative analysis was also conducted on input from home-care providers, CWCs, and their designated caregivers about the current practices, challenges, and solutions related to medication management. Our preliminary findings demonstrated a need for research on reducing the steep estimated national costs of medication non-adherence. Thus, a sub-team has developed a methodology to build an economic perspective on the scope and magnitude of interventions to enhance medication management practices for CWCs. A NYS-specific survey was also developed in close collaboration with providers, university partners, and state-level advocacy organizations according to our preliminary findings to document the state and magnitude of medication non-adherence, discern risk factors and determinants of non-adherence, and explore solutions and barriers.
NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CHAIN (NFL) AND GENERAL COGNITIVE ABILITY IN ADULTS APPROACHING MIDLIFE
Authors: Reynolds Chandra , Smolen Andrew , Link Christopher , Evans Donald , Bruellman Ryan , Evans Luke , Wadsworth Sally 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker indexing axonal integrity where small NfL variations may be associated with cognitive performance in early adulthood and high values associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife1) individuals were tested at 28–49 years (M=33.1, SD=4.9). Quanterix Simoa assays of plasma NfL (pNfL) were measured in duplicate, and we included values for 1159 individuals where 1098 had available general cognitive ability scores and sociodemographic covariates. Unadjusted NfL values were consistent with other studies of early-mid adulthood (M = 5.9, SD = 3.1, range = 1.14 – 40.1 pg/mL) and 6% showed values outside expected normal reference limits (&gt;10 pg/mL). After adjusting for technical covariates and skew, higher natural log-transformed pNfL was associated with age (r = 0.27) and female sex (r = 0.07). Moreover, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, higher pNfL was associated with lower general cognitive ability (GCA) (r = -.06), where associations were more pronounced above the mean pNfL value (r = -.08). Multi-level regression analyses suggested that GCA-NfL associations were modified by age, whereby the worse performance was observed at higher ages and pNfL values (p &lt;= 0.03), accounting for sibling relatedness and sociodemographic covariates. We observed small negative associations of higher plasma NfL and lower cognitive performance, where associations may become magnified with increasing age in early- to mid-adulthood.
MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIAL ENERGETICS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER MULTIMORBIDITY IN MEN
Authors: Mau Theresa , Blackwell Terri , Newman Anne , Cawthon Peggy , Cummings Steve , Kramer Philip , Hepple Russell T , Kritchevsky Stephen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults who have poorer muscle mitochondrial energetics tend to have lower cardiorespiratory fitness—which is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia. In the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA), we tested the associations of muscle mitochondrial energetics (MME) with a multimorbidity index in this cohort of women (Nf507) and men (Nf349) 70+ years of age. The index included 13 age-related chronic conditions (arthritis, cancer, cardiac arrhythmia, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, dementia, depression, diabetes, osteoporosis, stroke, and aortic stenosis). Participants were grouped by 0, 1, 2, or 3+ conditions and were on average 76.3 years old, 59.2% women, 12.5% Black, 85.5% White, with 2.0% reporting other identities. MME were measured in permeabilized muscle fibers by high-resolution respirometry in vitro (Leak and MaxOXPHOS) and in vivo by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ATPmax). The gender interaction p-value with MME was 0.04 (Leak), 0.34(MaxOXPHOS), and 0.09(ATPmax). In men, we found that for every 1 SD decrease of mitochondrial respiration, there was a significant increase of proportional odds ratio (POR) for higher multimorbidity count: POR (95%CI) for Leak was 1.47(1.18, 1.86), p &lt; 0.001 and for Max OXPHOSCI+CII was 1.35(1.08,1.68), p &lt; 0.01. For ATPmax, was 1.22(0.98,1.52), p=0.08. These were adjusted for age, race, site, education, smoking status, weight, height, weight*height, and self-reported physical activity. These trends were absent in women (Leak=0.97(0.79, 1.20), p=0.79, MaxOXPHOS=1.05(0.86, 1.28), p=0.66, ATPmax=0.98 (0.82, 1.17), p=0.81), and future analyses will deconstruct the multimorbidity index to determine gender-specific associations with each condition.
REEXAMINING RACE AND ETHNICITY FROM A STRUCTURAL RACISM AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH LENS IN COHORT STUDIES
Authors: Follis Shawna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To advance research on the role of race, ethnicity, and structural racism in health disparities, recent calls-to-action have described methods to correct race and ethnicity categorization and to measure structural and social determinants of health (SSDOH). Following the rapid advance in the understanding of race and SSDOH, long running cohort studies typically lack access to this novel data, which has limited SSDOH evidence to cross-sectional and ecological associations. We implemented methods to rectify this data gap in prospective cohort studies, using The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) cohort of women age 50–79 years at baseline as a case study. We evaluated the quality, precision, and representativeness of race, ethnicity, and SSDOH data compared with the target US population and operationalized methods to quantify structural determinants in cohort studies. The use of a revised race and ethnicity categorization aligned with theory-based recommendations and improved measurement precision, including decreasing missing data and participants reporting “other” race. The revised categorization was harmonized to the US Census permitting description of the generalizability of WHI race and ethnicity groups in relation to the target population of US women. We found that WHI women reflected broader trends to the target population in relation to structural racism between race and ethnicity groups, while mean rates of SSDOH were systematically more advantageous in WHI. These results underscore the need to implement theoretically justified race and ethnicity measurement to accurately investigate the intersectional role of SSDOH underlying racial and ethnic health disparities among older age women.
SASP PROTEIN ASSOCIATIONS WITH HUMAN AGING HIGHLIGHTS THE ROLE OF GDF15, CST3, AND IGFBP2
Authors: Evans Daniel , Young Danielle , Tanaka Toshiko , Basisty Nathan , Ferrucci Luigi , Campisi Judith , Schilling Birgit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging and can result in a Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). SASP is characterized by an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and damage to surrounding tissues. There is substantial evidence from non-human models demonstrating that SASP contributes to tissue dysfunction and pathogenic effects of aging. However, there are relatively fewer studies on the relationship between SASP and aging in humans. In this report, we determined the relationship between SASP circulating proteins and a wide range of aging-related clinical traits in two human cohort studies (BLSA and InChianti) using aptamer-based proteomics. Clinical traits examined were waist circumference, glucose levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gait speed, grip strength, albumin, and red blood cell distribution width. In the meta-analysis of regression model results from both studies, 38 of the 77 SASP proteins examined were significantly associated with age. Of the 38 age-associated SASP, 26 were associated with one or more age-associated clinical traits. A cluster of three SASP proteins (GDF15, CST3, and IGFBP2) showed significant associations with inflammatory markers, renal function and hematological traits. A second cluster was significantly associated with grip strength and gait speed, two measures of physical function that are both strongly associated with mortality. Taken together, these results support the relevance of SASP proteins to human aging and point to specific protein components of the SASP that should be further examined for the potential to be biomarkers of human aging.
ARE WE GOING TO FEEL COMFORTABLE THERE?: EMERGENT FINDINGS FROM THE DIVERSITY IN LIFE PLAN COMMUNITIES STUDY
Authors: Khan Mushira , Desai Pankaja , O’Brien Catherine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Life Plan Communities (LPCs), formerly known as Continuing Care Retirement Communities, offer an array of amenities as well as a continuum of care where residents may live independently or access assisted living or skilled care if needed. Racial/ethnic minority older adults are under-represented among LPC residents. One likely contributor to this lack of diversity is that racial/ethnic minorities make up a relatively small proportion of higher income groups. However, there may be additional reasons for their relative absence in most LPCs. The purpose of the ‘Diversity in Life Plan Communities’ study is to (1) identify barriers that impact the decision to move into an LPC for racial/ethnic minorities, and (2) identify strategies to increase resident diversity in LPCs. In this presentation we share preliminary findings from in-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews with community-dwelling Black, Latinx, and South Asian adults (n=10) living in Chicagoland and case study interviews with current LPC ‘resident champions’ (n=3) who are actively involved in efforts to increase resident diversity at their respective LPCs. Thematic analysis of the data showed that lack of awareness about LPCs, concerns about racism, desire to age-in-place among loved ones, and perceived non-availability of culturally-congruent activities were key barriers to moving into an LPC. These findings suggest that in order to increase resident diversity within their communities, LPC operators, staff, and current residents may consider targeted outreach efforts in racial/ethnic communities, take steps to create a welcoming environment and engage in more culturally congruent activities, and involve adult children/grandchildren in the decision-making process.
ASSOCIATION OF RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE WITH NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS, COGNITION, AND SLEEP IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Britt Katherine , Richards Kathy , Kesler Shelli , Acton Gayle , Hamilton Jill , Radhakrishnan Kavita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), cognitive decline, and sleep disturbances are common among older adults with cognitive impairment. Religious practices may protect mental and physical health, yet few studies have been reported in older adults with cognitive impairment. Utilizing the Health and Retirement Study in 2006 and 2008 and sub study, Aging, Demographics, and Memory study in 2006–2007 and 2008–2009, we examined the association of religious attendance with NPS, cognition, and sleep disturbances controlling for social interaction in older adults with cognitive impairment (N = 63). Bootstrapped Spearman’s partial Rho correlation was conducted separately for time points one (T1) and two (T2); Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to examine significant change over time. Mean age was 81.89(5.26) years, 65.9% were non-Hispanic White, 50.1% were female, and mean cognition (Clinical Dementia Rating) was .94(.228). Significant changes over 1.5 years were found for sleep disturbances but not for NPS and cognition. Significant associations were found for religious attendance and NPS (T1: rs (97)= - .103, 95% CI [-.108, -.098], p &lt; .0005 and T2: -.243, 95% CI [-.246,-.239], p &lt; .0005), cognition, (T1: rs (97) = - .119, 95% CI [-.122, -.115], p &lt; .0005, and T2: rs (97) = -.104, 95% CI [-.107,-.102], p &lt; .0005), and sleep disturbances, (T1: rs (97) = .028, 95% CI [.023, .033], p &lt; .001, and T2: rs (97) = -.051, 95% CI [-.056,-.047], p &lt; .001). Increased religious attendance was associated with lower NPS and cognition at both time points and greater sleep disturbances at T1 but lower at T2. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine associations further.
THE EFFECT OF DEPRESSION AND SUBJECTIVE HEALTH CONDITION ON INTRA-INDIVIDUAL COGNITIVE VARIABILITY
Authors: Lin Shayne , Allen Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intra-individual cognitive variability (IICV) is defined as variability in performance across cognitive domains during neuropsychological assessment. High cognitive variability (i.e., IICV) is associated with Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and mortality among older adults (Anderson et al., 2016; Watermeyer et al., 2021; Vaughan et al., 2013). To date, no research has explored, to the author’s knowledge, the effect of depression and physical health on IICV among older adults. The current investigation used the nationally represented Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data set and explored the effect of depression, measured by Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD), and subjective health, rated on a 5-point Likert scale, on IICV. Data from 39,800 participants and 11 time points were analyzed. IICV was calculated by the individual t score standard deviation divided by the individual mean t score. Dependent variables were centered before being entered into a multilevel model that took time of data collection into consideration. With multilevel modelling, after controlling for demographics (i.e., gender, race, ethnicity, and age), both depression, b = 0.003, SE = 0.0001, p &lt; .001, and subjective health condition, b = 0.006, SE = 0.0002, p &lt; .001, were associated with IICV. This study has implications about the use of IICV in neuropsychological assessment with older adults. In addition to one’s cognitive functioning, both depression and physical health have direct effect on IICV, which may be more than merely a cognitive marker for Alzheimer’s disease as researchers have previously found.
COGNITIVE INTERFERENCE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN
Authors: Cole Rachel , Espinoza Arturo , Yeager Brooke , Narayanan Nandakumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mental processes that facilitate goal-directed behavior can be negatively affected by age-related biological and physiological changes. Such cognitive changes impact daily activities like driving and using the computer, which can in turn influence social relationships and capacity to work. Previous research has shown that older adults are more affected by interference than young adults. It is critical to understand how cognition changes across the adult lifespan, as cognition during middle age may be predictive of cognitive decline in older age. We evaluated performance on the MultiSource Interference Task (MSIT). The MSIT draws on Stroop, Flanker, and Simon-type tasks; it taxes interference resolution and typically results in interference-related slowing. We studied 60 individuals (32 adults 18–39 years old, 17 adults 40–59 years old, and 11 adults 60–99 years old). As expected, age had a significant effect on accuracy interference (difference in errors between interference and control trials). Surprisingly, however, young adults demonstrated the highest (worst) accuracy interference cost, while middle-aged and older adults had similar interference cost. Replicating previous findings, age group did not have an effect on reaction time interference cost (slowing of response between interference and control trials). It is notable that, in this study, older adults did not fare worse than middle-aged adults. These surprising findings challenge long-held theories that age negatively impacts interference resolution. Understanding differences (and similarities) between cognition in middle-age and older age will be critical for promoting healthy cognition throughout the lifespan, which benefits daily activities and quality of life.
ASSOCIATION OF COGNITION AND SMARTPHONE SURVEY ATTRIBUTES IN THE ELECTRONIC FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
Authors: Pathiravasan Chathurangi , Beiser Alexa , Seshadri Sudha , Satizabal Claudia , Zhang Yuankai , Wang Xuzhi , Liu Chunyu , Murabito Joanne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mobile technology offers a remote method to monitor health in older adults and it may provide a platform for early detection of cognitive decline. We aimed to examine attributes of smartphone survey use in the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS) cohort in relation to cognitive testing performed at the time of enrollment. eFHS participants who returned smartphone surveys and underwent cognitive testing were considered in the study (n=1810). The CERAD recall score, Victoria Stroop test interference score, and dichotomous AD8 and MOCA (MOCA score ≤ 19, AD8 score ≥2) were considered as primary exposures. App-based survey adherence was defined as a dichotomous outcome based on whether at least one survey was completed at each 3-month period from baseline to 12 months. Several time attributes were considered including survey return time, touch time, step time, and question completion time. Linear mixed models (LMM for time attributes outcomes and generalized LMM for adherence outcome) were fitted for each cognitive score as the predictor adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education level. Results suggest that higher CERAD recall scores were associated with higher odds of completing surveys. There was a significant association between all cognitive exposures and survey time attributes. Participants with poorer cognitive function (lower CERAD, higher stroop interference, MOCA score ≤ 19, AD8 score ≥2) had delayed survey return times, higher touch time, higher step time and higher question completion time. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence that smartphones may be an important tool to identify cognitive decline.
DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND SUBJECTIVE MEMORY AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER MIDWESTERN COUPLES
Authors: Thrane Lisa , Russell Dan , Turner Rachael , Rendell Peter , Savla Jyoti , Reese-Melancon Celinda , Margrett Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults face unique challenges with the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on mental health and cognition (Lebrasseur et al., 2021). Across the age spectrum, depression is associated with self-reported forgetfulness (Loprinzi, 2018; Ronnlund et al., 2011), and this trend is consistent among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (Ryu et al., 2016). There is some suggestion of gender differences in prospective and retrospective memory ratings among couples (Smith et al., 2000). However, little is known about how depression relates to perceptions of everyday memory performance among couples. In the current study, 47 married or cohabiting couples completed a baseline survey. The mean age of both women and men was 62 years. An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model with latent variables was employed to examine depressive symptoms with an adapted version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) and responses to the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith et al., 2000). Both constructs were parceled separately by gender and summed prior to the analysis. For women, preliminary findings revealed that higher levels of depressive symptoms were related to a negative perception of their own memory (β = .28). Conversely, men’s memory abilities were not associated with their depressive symptoms. Lastly, higher levels of depressive symptoms in men were associated with an increase in women’s self-reported forgetfulness (β = .24). These findings are suggestive of a “couple-oriented” effect (Kenny et. al., 2006), whereas there was not a statistically significant relationship between women’s depressive symptomology and men’s cognitive functioning.
ADDRESSING SOCIAL ISOLATION IN NURSING HOMES DURING COVID-19 – QUALITATIVE DATA FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY
Authors: McPhillips Emily , Dube Catherine , Nielsen Natalia , Hargraves J Lee , Cosenza Carol , Lim Emily , Barooah Adrita , Lapane Kate 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had dramatic, sometimes devastating impacts on nursing homes, residents, and staff. Rapid deployment of innovative approaches to resident care was required even while under sustained distress. We collected textual responses to open-ended questions about COVID-19 experiences through a national nursing home survey of Directors of Nursing/Administrators in February-May 2022. We employed a stratified (by size and quality ratings) sample of 1,669 nursing homes. Response rate was 30%, and 51% of responders answered &gt; 1 open-ended question. We conducted an iterative thematic qualitative analysis yielding 10 themes. Respondents described addressing social isolation using new technology; enlisting staff from across the nursing home [beyond-the-call effort, gifting of voluntary time], and new ways for residents to safely connect with family. Respondents felt severely limited by COVID regulations that seemed to ignore residents’ mental health needs. The majority of respondents felt significant professional and personal impact of the pandemic experience: “The pandemic was the most stressful situation I have encountered in 26 years of nursing” – “What a toll it took on all us emotionally, physically, and mentality” – “Every day was a challenge and I felt hopeless” – Some respondents plan to quit: “I am now seeking other employment. It has been too much for too long and has directly affected my mental health.” Nursing homes reported extraordinary efforts put forth by administration and staff to meet the needs of residents. Efforts to retain nursing staff are needed given profound impacts of the pandemic on their personal and professional lives.