bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an evolutionary economic geography research agenda to study migration and innovation
Authors: Morrison Andrea 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Different strands of literature have provided important insights into the economic effects of high-skilled migration. Evolutionary economic approaches have provided robust evidence and theories to explain how innovation unfolds in regions. However, with few exceptions they have been silent with regard to the role of migration in this process. This paper, while building on the insights of the above streams of literature, will elaborate a conceptual framework which applies evolutionary economic geography concepts to explore the link between migration, knowledge diffusion and regional diversification. By bringing together all the above arguments, this paper brings evolutionary economic geography (EEG) into an unchartered terrain, one where regional innovation meets migration studies. By engaging in these debates, EEG can prove its interpretative power and provide further insights into the drivers of regional economic dynamics and innovation.
Per-oral endoscopic myotomy is a safe and effective treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Ward Marc A , Fair Lucas , Misenhimer Jennifer , Esteva Simón , Greenberg Ian , Ogola Gerald , Aladegbami Bola , Leeds Steven G , Kedia Prashant 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Zenker per-oral endoscopic myotomy (ZPOEM) has become a promising technique for Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD). The aim of this study was to add to the limited body of literature evaluating the safety and efficacy of ZPOEM. A prospectively maintained database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who underwent ZPOEM at two separate institutions between January 2020 and January 2022. Demographics, preoperative and postoperative clinical data, intraoperative data, adverse events, and length of stay were analyzed. A total of 40 patients (mean age 72.5 years, 62.5% male) were included. Average operative time was 54.7 minutes and average length of stay was 1.1 days. There were three adverse events, and only one was related to the technical aspects of the procedure. Patients showed improvement in the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) scores at 1 month (5 vs 7, p &lt; 0.0001). The median FOIS scores remained 7 at both 6 and 12 months, although this improvement was not statistically significant at these time intervals (p = 0.46 and 0.37, respectively). Median dysphagia scores were decreased at 1 (2.5 vs 0, p &lt; 0.0001), 6 (2.5 vs 0, p &lt; 0.0001), and 12 months (2.5 vs 0, p = 0.016). The number of patients reporting ≥1 symptom was also decreased at 1 (40 vs 9, p &lt; 0.0001) and 6 months (40 vs 1, p = 0.041). Although the number of patients reporting ≥1 symptom remained consistent at 12 months, this was not statistically significant (40 vs 1, p = 0.13). ZPOEM is a safe and highly effective treatment for the management of ZD.
Lipid distributions in the Global Diagnostics Network across five continents
Authors: Martin Seth S , Niles Justin K , Kaufman Harvey W , Awan Zuhier , Elgaddar Ola , Choi Rihwa , Ahn Sunhyun , Verma Rajan , Nagarajan Mahesh , Don-Wauchope Andrew , Gurgel Castelo Maria Helane Costa , Hirose Caio Kenji , James David , Truman Derek , Todorovska Maja , Momirovska Ana , Pivovarníková Hedviga , Rákociová Monika , Louzao-Gudin Pedro , Batu Janserey , El Banna Nehmat , Kapoor Hema 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Lipids are central in the development of cardiovascular disease, and the present study aimed to characterize variation in lipid profiles across different countries to improve understanding of cardiovascular risk and opportunities for risk-reducing interventions.

Methods and results
This first collaborative report of the Global Diagnostics Network (GDN) evaluated lipid distributions from nine laboratory organizations providing clinical laboratory testing in 17 countries on five continents. This cross-sectional study assessed aggregated lipid results from patients aged 20–89 years, tested at GDN laboratories, from 2018 through 2020. In addition to mean levels, the World Health Organization total cholesterol risk target (&lt;5.00 mmol/L, &lt;193 mg/dL) and proportions in guideline-based low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) categories were assessed. This study of 461 888 753 lipid results found wide variation by country/region, sex, and age. In most countries, total cholesterol and LDL-C peaked at 50–59 years in females and 40–49 years in males. Sex- and age-group adjusted mean total cholesterol levels ranged from 4.58 mmol/L (177.1 mg/dL) in the Republic of Korea to 5.40 mmol/L (208.8 mg/dL) in Austria. Mean total cholesterol levels exceeded the World Health Organization target in Japan, Australia, North Macedonia, Switzerland, Germany, Slovakia, and Austria. Considering LDL-C categories, North Macedonia had the highest proportions of LDL-C results &gt;4.91 mmol/L (&gt;190 mg/dL) for both females (9.9%) and males (8.7%). LDL-C levels &lt;1.55 mmol/L (&lt;60 mg/dL) were most common among females in Canada (10.7%) and males in the UK (17.3%).

Conclusion
With nearly a half billion lipid results, this study sheds light on the worldwide variability in lipid levels, which may reflect inter-country differences in genetics, lipid testing, lifestyle habits, and pharmacologic treatment. Despite variability, elevated atherogenic lipid levels are a common global problem, and these results can help inform national policies and health system approaches to mitigate lipid-mediated risk of cardiovascular disease.
Management of anti-M antibody during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Leibovitch Emily R , Carlisle Robert T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Anti-M antibodies are relatively common and naturally occurring. When anti-M antibodies cross the placenta, they may cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Anti-M antibodies account for less than 15 cases of HDFN reported in the published English literature. HDFN can lead to foetal anaemia, hydrops fetalis, hypoxia, heart failure, and even death.

Objective
To review the general guidelines and propose a less intensive management approach of anti-M antibody during pregnancy through the context of a case report.

Methods
We report a 25-year-old healthy pregnant G3P1011 woman presenting for antepartum care. At the time of delivery for the patient’s second pregnancy, she was found to have a positive anti-M blood screen, though she birthed a healthy-term infant. For her current pregnancy, the initial and repeat testings for anti-M were positive.

Results
Since multiple samples from this patient were of low levels extensive maternal and foetal monitoring were deemed unnecessary in reflection of further reading and research. The patient had a spontaneous vaginal delivery of her third pregnancy at 38 weeks without complications.

Conclusion
Anti-RBC antibodies, including anti-M, are frequently identified in blood type and screening for pregnant patients. Guidelines call for intensive surveillance during pregnancy; however, knowledge of the specific antibody can help to provide more nuanced and less intensive care. As primary care physicians, being familiar with the guideline and the ability to counsel patients on anticipated care during pregnancy can help with family planning, compliance with testing, and patient anxiety and decrease intensive use of services that may not affect outcomes.
Irritable bowel syndrome in children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in primary care
Authors: Hogervorst Esmee M , Ganzevoort Ilse N , Berger Marjolein Y , Holtman Gea A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children. However, in primary care, it is still unknown whether there are differences in the prognosis of children with IBS compared to other diagnostic subgroups. Therefore, our aim was to describe the course of symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms who either do or do not fulfil the Rome criteria for IBS in primary care. Second, we compared the diagnosis of the general practitioner (GP) with the Rome criteria.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up, including children aged 4–18 years with chronic diarrhoea and/or chronic abdominal pain in primary care. During follow-up, the Rome III questionnaire, Child Health Questionnaire, and symptom questionnaires were completed.

Results
A total of 60/104 children (57.7%) fulfilled the Rome criteria for IBS at baseline. Compared to children without IBS, children with IBS were more commonly referred to secondary care, used more laxatives, and more often developed chronic diarrhoea and low physical HRQoL during 1 year. The diagnosis “IBS” from the GP matched the Rome criteria for only 10% of children, as most were diagnosed with “Constipation.”

Conclusions
There seems to be a difference in the treatment and prognosis of symptoms and HRQoL between children with and without IBS in primary care. This suggests that it is relevant to differentiate between these groups. The evaluation and use of feasible criteria to define IBS in different healthcare settings remains subject for further studies.
Identification of carbohydrate in Polygonatum sibiricum: fructo-oligosaccharide was a major component
Authors: Xia Jiabei , Zhang Cenrong , Zhu Kai , Mei Xingyu , Cheng Huan , Chen Shiguo , Ye Xingqian , Chen Jianle 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum, famous for its physiological activities, is a popular Chinese food and a traditional Chinese herb containing many carbohydrates as the main component. However, except for most reported polysaccharides, other detailed compositions of carbohydrates are still not clear. To verify the controversial existence of starch and investigate other components, especially oligosaccharides, we used iodine–potassium iodide colorimetric detection and enzymatic hydrolysis to determine starch. Then, oligosaccharides were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, and hydrophilic interaction chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that the rhizome of P. sibiricum lacked starch, and fructo-oligosaccharides were the main component, accounting for approximately 28.95%. Oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization above 10 were the most abundant components. This study clearly illustrated the unknown carbohydrate components of the Polygonatum rhizome, promoting its functional value with new evidence.
Genetic factors inherited from both diploid parents interact to affect genome stability and fertility in resynthesized allotetraploid Brassica napus
Authors: Katche Elizabeth Ihien , Schierholt Antje , Schiessl Sarah-Veronica , He Fei , Lv Zhenling , Batley Jacqueline , Becker Heiko C , Mason Annaliese S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Established allopolyploids are known to be genomically stable and fertile. However, in contrast, most newly resynthesized allopolyploids are infertile and meiotically unstable. Identifying the genetic factors responsible for genome stability in newly formed allopolyploid is key to understanding how 2 genomes come together to form a species. One hypothesis is that established allopolyploids may have inherited specific alleles from their diploid progenitors which conferred meiotic stability. Resynthesized Brassica napus lines are often unstable and infertile, unlike B. napus cultivars. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing 41 resynthesized B. napus lines produced by crosses between 8 Brassica rapa and 8 Brassica oleracea lines for copy number variation resulting from nonhomologous recombination events and fertility. We resequenced 8 B. rapa and 5 B. oleracea parent accessions and analyzed 19 resynthesized lines for allelic variation in a list of meiosis gene homologs. SNP genotyping was performed using the Illumina Infinium Brassica 60K array for 3 individuals per line. Self-pollinated seed set and genome stability (number of copy number variants) were significantly affected by the interaction between both B. rapa and B. oleracea parental genotypes. We identified 13 putative meiosis gene candidates which were significantly associated with frequency of copy number variants and which contained putatively harmful mutations in meiosis gene haplotypes for further investigation. Our results support the hypothesis that allelic variants inherited from parental genotypes affect genome stability and fertility in resynthesized rapeseed.
A Framework for Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Dementia Risk and Burden
Authors: Zuelsdorff Megan , Limaye Vijay S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) represent a public health crisis poised to worsen in a changing climate. Substantial dementia burden is modifiable, attributable to risk rooted in social and environmental conditions. Climate change threatens older populations in numerous ways, but implications for cognitive aging are poorly understood. We illuminate key mechanisms by which climate change will shape incidence and lived experiences of ADRD, and propose a framework for strengthening research, clinical, and policy actions around cognitive health in the context of climate change. Direct impacts and indirect risk pathways operating through built, social, interpersonal, and biomedical systems are highlighted. Air pollution compromises brain health directly and via systemic cardiovascular and respiratory ailments. Flooding and extreme temperatures constrain health behaviors like physical activity and sleep. Medical care resulting from climate-related health shocks imposes economic and emotional tolls on people living with dementia and caregivers. Throughout, inequitable distributions of climate-exacerbated risks and adaptive resources compound existing disparities in ADRD incidence, comorbidities, and care burden. Translational research, including work prioritizing underserved communities, is crucial. A mechanistic framework can guide research questions and methods and identify clinical- and policy-level intervention loci for prevention and mitigation of climate-related impacts on ADRD risk and burden.
How Stories Can Contribute Toward Quality Improvement in Long-Term Care
Authors: Sion Katya Y J , Heerings Marjolijn , Blok Marije , Scheffelaar Aukelien , Huijg Johanna M , Westerhof Gerben , Pot Anne Margriet , Luijkx Katrien , Hamers Jan P H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is important to evaluate how residents, their significant others, and professional caregivers experience life in a nursing home to improve quality of care based on their needs and wishes. Narratives are a promising method to assess this experienced quality of care as they enable a rich understanding, reflection, and learning. In the Netherlands, narratives are becoming a more substantial element within the quality improvement cycle of nursing homes. The added value of using narrative methods is that they provide space to share experiences, identify dilemmas in care provision, and provide rich information for quality improvements. The use of narratives in practice, however, can also be challenging as this requires effective guidance on how to learn from this data, incorporation of the narrative method in the organizational structure, and national recognition that narrative data can also be used for accountability. In this article, 5 Dutch research institutes reflect on the importance, value, and challenges of using narratives in nursing homes.
On Issue Survival: News Media and How Political Issues Remain Salient in the Face of Crisis
Authors: de León Ernesto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhat happens when a crisis such as COVID-19 fully occupies the political and media agenda? Do previous political concerns, such as those on migration, remain salient? Here, I propose and validate a model of issue survival during times of crisis. I argue that issues remain salient when individuals are able to cognitively link “displaced” issues with the ongoing crisis. Such connections between displaced issues and the crisis can be influenced by the media, who, through a process of networked agenda setting, help establish connections between issues. I test this model on the salience of migration during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland and Germany. Leveraging panel surveys administered before and during lockdowns, I show that the issue of migration was displaced during the crisis. Nevertheless, as proposed by the model, this decline in issue salience did not occur for individuals connecting migration to the pandemic. Combining panels with individual-level media consumption data obtained through webtracking, I provide evidence that issue survival was significantly related to the consumption of news stories linking migration to the COVID-19 crisis. The study raises questions about the flow of public opinion during moments of mass uncertainty and highlights the key role media consumption can play in understanding previous issues in new a light.
Multivariate super-resolution without separation
Authors: Kurmanbek Bakytzhan , Robeva Elina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the high-dimensional super-resolution imaging problem. Here, we are given an image of a number of point sources of light whose locations and intensities are unknown. The image is pixelized and is blurred by a known point-spread function arising from the imaging device. We encode the unknown point sources and their intensities via a non-negative measure and we propose a convex optimization program to find it. Assuming the device’s point-spread function is componentwise decomposable, we show that the optimal solution is the true measure in the noiseless case, and it approximates the true measure well in the noisy case with respect to the generalized Wasserstein distance. Our main assumption is that the components of the point-spread function form a Tchebychev system ($T$-system) in the noiseless case and a $T^{*}$-system in the noisy case, mild conditions that are satisfied by Gaussian point-spread functions. Our work is a generalization to all dimensions of the work [14] where the same analysis is carried out in two dimensions. We also extend results in [27] to the high-dimensional case when the point-spread function decomposes.
Latest Advances in the Application of Humanized Mouse Model for Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zheng Ping , Liu Fang , Long Jinzhao , Jin Yuefei , Chen Shuaiyin , Duan Guangcai , Yang Haiyan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen for humans and can cause a wide range of diseases, from mild skin infections, severe osteomyelitis to fatal pneumonia, sepsis, and septicemia. The mouse models have greatly facilitated the development of S. aureus studies. However, due to the substantial differences in immune system between mice and humans, the conventional mouse studies are not predictive of success in humans, in which case humanized mice may overcome this limitation to some extent. Humanized mice can be used to study the human-specific virulence factors produced by S. aureus and the mechanisms by which S. aureus interacts with humans. This review outlined the latest advances in humanized mouse models used in S. aureus studies.
The effects of stocking density on behavior and biological functioning of penned sheep under continuous heat load conditions
Authors: Mayes Bonnie T , Taylor Peta S , Cowley Frances C , Gaughan John B , Morton John M , Doyle Brendan P , Tait L Amy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStocking density may impact sheep welfare during live export voyages that occur under hot and humid conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the welfare implications for sheep housed at three allometric stocking densities (k = 0.030, 0.033, 0.042), while exposed to hot and humid climatic conditions. For 21 d, Merino wethers (n = 216) were housed in 12 pens of 18 wethers, in two climate-controlled rooms where wet-bulb temperature (TWB) mimicked the conditions of a live export voyage with high heat and humidity, and limited diurnal variation. Scan sampling of standing and lying behaviors was conducted on days 2, 5, 8, 11, 15, 18, and 20, at hourly intervals. Agonistic interactions were scored continuously on the same days between 1750 and 1800 h. Liveweights were recorded at the start and end of the study. For a subset of focal wethers (3 per pen), whole blood variables were assessed at the start and end of the experiment, along with fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCM), which were also assessed on days 7 and 14. Rumen temperatures (TRUM) of focal wethers were recorded at 10-min intervals, and their respiration rates (RR) were measured every 2 h on days 1, 3, and from days 7 to 21. Focal wethers were slaughtered for necropsy after the study, and both adrenal glands were excised and weighed. The expression of some lying positions was impaired at high stocking densities, and lying with outstretched legs increased at high TWB. For respiration rates, there was an interaction between stocking density and TWB, such that RR was reduced by the provision of additional space at high TWB. TRUM was relatively unaffected by stocking density but increased at higher TWB, and any effects of stocking density on FGCM concentrations, liveweights (LW), adrenal gland weights or blood variables were minimal. Necropsy examination showed no indication that the wethers had experienced ongoing respiratory distress. These results suggest that the wethers were able to cope with these increases in stocking density under the conditions imposed. However, based on this evidence, the provision of additional space under hot conditions may be beneficial to facilitating the expression of some lying positions. Whilst the experiment was designed to emulate certain conditions relevant during live export voyages, other factors that may induce stress during this mode of transport were not present, and so the conclusions must be interpreted in the context of the experimental conditions.
Learning in Standard-Form Contracts: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Dari-Mattiacci Giuseppe , Marotta-Wurgler Florencia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Why are some contractual terms revised continuously while others are stubbornly fixed? We offer an account of both change and stickiness in standard-form contracts. We hypothesize that drafters (sellers) are more likely to revise their standard terms when they have an opportunity to learn about the terms’ costs from experience. Consider a warranty. Offering a warranty in an initial period will expose sellers to claims about malfunction by purchasers, allowing sellers to learn whether it is desirable to offer it going forward. When drafters are unable to learn in this manner, either because they fail to experiment or because the term in question is one where there is no increased opportunity to learn from experience, such terms will be revised relatively less frequently. While learning and change occur through various channels, we posit that, all else equal, terms that carry an opportunity to learn from experience will be revised more frequently, whereas terms or term modalities that do not will contribute to stickiness and stagnation. Our results support this hypothesis. Using a large sample of changes in business and consumer standard-form contracts over a period of seven years, we find that sellers are more likely to revise terms that offer an opportunity to learn from experience than those that do not. These findings are further illustrated and supported by interviews with in-house counsel. The results suggest that standard-form contract terms evolve over time as sellers learn experientially about their costs and risks. Our analysis offers new accounts for the use of boilerplate, stickiness, and change and has normative implications for the optimal design of default rules and product features (JEL codes: K12).