bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofilm analyses and exoproduct release by clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Brazil
Authors: de Melo Guedes Glaucia Morgana , Ocadaque Crister José , Freitas Alyne Soares , Pinheiro Rodrigo Machado , Riello Giovanna Barbosa , Bandeira Silviane Praciano , de Aguiar Cordeiro Rossana , Gadelha Rocha Marcos Fábio , Costa Sidrim José Júlio , Castelo-Branco Débora de Souza Collares Maia 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To characterize biofilm production by clinical (n=21) and environmental (n=11) isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and evaluate the production of proteases, hemolysins and siderophores.

Methods:
Initially, the 32 strains were evaluated for biofilm production in Müller-Hinton broth-1% glucose (MH-1% glucose) and BHI broth-1% glucose, using the crystal violet staining technique. Subsequently, growing (48 h) and mature (72 h) biofilms were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Finally, the production of proteases, hemolysins and siderophores by planktonic aggregates, growing biofilms and mature biofilms was evaluated.

Results:
All isolates produced biofilms, but clinical isolates had significantly higher biomass in both MH-1% glucose (P<0.001) and BHI-glucose 1% (P=0.005). The structural analyses by confocal microscopy showed thick biofilms, composed of multiple layers of cells, homogeneously arranged, with mature biofilms of clinical isolates presenting higher biomass (P=0.019) and thickness of the entire area (P=0.029), and lower roughness coefficient (P=0.007) than those of environmental isolates. Protease production by growing biofilms was significantly greater than that of planktonic (P<0.001) and mature biofilms (P<0.001). Hemolysin release by planktonic aggregates was higher than that of biofilms (P<0.001). Regarding siderophores, mature biofilms presented higher production than growing biofilms (P<0.001) and planktonic aggregates (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Clinical isolates have higher production of biofilms than their environmental counterparts; protease and siderophores seem important for growth and maintenance of Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms.
Surveillance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants by nanopore technology-based genome sequencing
Authors: Abeynayake J. I. , Chathuranga G. P. , Fernando M.A.Y. , Sahoo M. K. 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To surveill emerging variants by nanopore technology-based genome sequencing in different COVID-19 waves in Sri Lanka and to examine the association with the sample characteristics, and vaccination status.

Methods:
The study analyzed 207 RNA positive swab samples received to sequence laboratory during different waves. The N gene cut-off threshold of less than 30 was considered as the major inclusion criteria. Viral RNA was extracted, and elutes were subjected to nanopore sequencing. All the sequencing data were uploaded in the publicly accessible database, GISAID.

Results:
The Omicron, Delta and Alpha variants accounted for 58%, 22% and 4% of the variants throughout the period. Less than 1% were Kappa variant and 16% of the study samples remained unassigned. Omicron variant was circulated among all age groups and in all the provinces. Ct value and variants assigned percentage was 100% in Ct values of 10-15 while only 45% assigned Ct value over 25.

Conclusions:
The present study examined the emergence, prevalence, and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants locally and has shown that nanopore technology-based genome sequencing enables whole genome sequencing in a low resource setting country.
Postvaccination breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections among adults in Malaysia and attitudes towards future vaccination
Authors: Nair Praneetha Kumar , Koh Kai Ern , Bede Christine Yvonne , Natasha Lee Ai Ren , Mahanama Mevuni Dinethma , Kyaw Thin Mon , Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Moe Soe , Rahaman Kazi Majidur , Htay Mila Nu Nu 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of vaccination. The validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February 2023. The participants were recruited by a convenient sampling method. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, and logistic regression by using SPSS (Version 27). Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software.

Results:
A total of 524 participants' data were analyzed and 77.5% of them completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination. Breakthrough infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3% of the participants. Age group of 18 and 30 years (aOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.01-5.32) and other ethnicities (aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.02-3.93) significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections. A total of 35.5% of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects, lack of trust to the vaccine, less susceptibility to severe infection, belief in natural immunity, and myths.

Conclusions:
Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine, management and re-assurance of side effects, and targeted vaccination to the working (younger age group) and ethnic minorities.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate exerts antihypertensive effects and improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Khor Yucinda YY , Lee Siew-Keah , Dharmani Devi M , Ling Wei Chih 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods:
Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were divided into four groups; WKY control, SHR control and SHR treated with EGCG (50 mg/kg/day) or losartan (10 mg/kg/day). The treatment was given daily for 4 weeks by oral gavage and the blood pressure was monitored by tail-cuff method every 3 days. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations were assessed in isolated phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings at the end of treatment. The vascular levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate were also measured. Moreover, the expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor protein was determined.

Results:
The systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in SHR treated with EGCG. The impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly improved in aortic ring isolated from the EGCG-treated SHR group. EGCG also significantly increased the levels of nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, while decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species and the protein expression of AT1 receptor in SHR.

Conclusions:
EGCG attenuates endothelial dysfunction in SHR by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing vascular nitric oxide bioavailability, which may be modulated partly by inhibition of vascular AT1 receptors. An increase in endothelium-dependent relaxation may contribute to a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive animals.
Diagnostic Dilemma of Vanishing Bone Disease - A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Saxena Vivek , Gopalakrishnan V. , Rangarajan H. , Sharma Pragya , Choube Amolika 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Rationale:
Vanishing bone disease (VBD) is a rare bone disorder in which progressive osteolysis may lead to complete disappearance of involved bones. The diagnosis of this disease requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. We present a case of progressive osteolysis of mandible in a patient.

Patient Concerns:
The patient had been without definitive diagnosis and treatment for over a year.

Diagnosis:
Diagnosis was made by exclusion of genetic, traumatic, inflammatory, infective, endocrine and neoplastic aetiologies and by carefully correlating clinical, imaging and histopathological findings of the patient.

Treatment:
Segmental resection of the advancing edge of the lesion was carried out.

Outcome:
The patient is disease free, with no evidence of further osteolysis, after six months of follow-up.

Take-Away Lessons:
This article describes the exclusion-based approach adopted to diagnose a case of VBD, aiming to standardise a workup for the diagnosis.
An Anatomical Study of Dry Mandibles to Determine the Important Surgical Reference Points in Ramus Osteotomy - An Evaluative Study
Authors: Asha K.R , Thejeshwari H.G , Jagadish Archana Belavadi , Alghamdi Mansour A. , Vidya H.K , Muguregowda Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The variable relation and clinical significance of mandibular foramen (MF) and Lingula with inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle (IANB) is important for dental surgeons. Knowing the landmarks on the ramus of the mandible is of paramount importance to perform the surgery without causing damage to the neurovascular bundle.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 85 dry adult mandibles of unknown sex and age. The distances were measured from the anatomical reference points (anti-Lingula, Lingula and MF) using digital callipers.

Results:
The distance from the anti-Lingula to the anterior border of the ramus (A) was significantly longer on the right side (14.91 mm) than on the left side (14.5 mm). There was a significant difference in mean distances between the anti-Lingula and MF of both the sides (P ≤ 0.005). No significant difference was noted in the distances between the Lingula and the Anti-Lingula, observed for the posterior (B, P = 0.75) and the inferior margin of the mandible (D, P = 0.54). However we found correlation of vertical distances of anti-Lingula with Lingula and MF exhibited moderate positive correlation.

Discussion:
The IANB is prone to damage during mandibular surgery. Using anti-Lingula alone as a reference point is not guaranteed, but it is still an important anatomical landmark for the surgeon to operate.
A Rare Case of Oral Cavity Eumycetoma
Authors: Wadde Kavita Ramesh , Khaire Samir Dashrath , Joy Tabita , Sardar Manisha Ahire , Kri Mrimingsi , Venkatakrishnan Lakshmi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Rationale:
Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection that involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue which presents as an abscess with multiple draining sinuses. It is common in the tropical and subtropical regions where the conditions favour the growth of the soil saprophytes – fungi and bacteria.

Patient Concerns:
We report the rare case of a 62-year-old patient who presented with a soft-tissue overgrowth in the mandibular posterior ridge area for eight months.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with eumycetoma, with foreign-body reaction based on clinical and histopathological examination which revealed characteristic brown-coloured amorphous grains.

Treatment:
The lesion was surgically excised under local anaesthesia.

Outcomes:
On the seventh day post-operative follow-up, the patient was relieved of pre-operative symptoms and the surgical site had healed well.

Take-Away Lessons:
This particular case of eumycetoma had an unusual site and appearance, making the clinical diagnosis confusing with other reactionary lesions of the oral cavity.
Efficacy of implantoplasty in management of peri-implantitis: A systematic review
Authors: Dasgupta Dolanchanpa , Banerjee Saurav , Parasrampuria Nikita , Pal Dipankar 
Published: July 2023

Aim:Peri-implantitis causes progressive loss of the supporting bony structure around the dental implant. Implantoplasty mechanically removes contaminated threads to achieve smoother implant surface thus reducing the bacterial load enabling fibroblastic growth to stimulate the healing effect. This Systematic review is done to appraise the outcome of implantoplasty on surface quality of Implant (roughness), biocompatibility of implants in peri-implantitis cases.Settings and Design:The Settings of the studies are major online databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane online library. The design of the current study is systematic review of published qualitative studies.Materials and Method:37 articles were identified for the present review and systematic electronic literature search was done from August 2022 to January 2023, via PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and The Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases [PRISMA guidelines]. In vitro studies on implantoplasty for peri-implantitis were included for the review. 2 examiners independently selected based on the inclusion criteria and recorded the necessary data.Statistical Analysis Used:Risk of bias assessment tool was evaluated with Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) and screened based on Selection, Comparability, and Outcome with the following categories: - maximum of 4, 2 and 4 points respectively. The observations were tabulated and analysed.Results:Among the 8 selected studies, two studies reported no statistical difference between implantoplasty and control, one study proposed carbide burs were better than diamond burs, another study also suggested multilaminar burs were better than diamond and carbide. The Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) score for the quality of the included studies ranged from 6 to 8. Two of the studies had score of 6 points, eight had 7 points and one had 8 points.Conclusion:Implantoplasty has been recommended as an efficacious treatment protocol for peri-implantitis that helps to diminish the inflammation and accompanied by a high success rate.
Correlation of “K” plane to occlusal plane and three different ala-tragal lines in dentulous subjects with different skeletal forms: A cephalometric study
Authors: Shetty Rajesh , Hussain Murtaza Shabbir , Shetty Sanath K. , Mohammad Fahad , Shetty Mallika S. , Saha Snigdha 
Published: July 2023

Aim:
Orientation of the occlusal plane is an important clinical procedure for complete denture fabrication. An attempt had been made to reconstruct the occlusal plane using a different reference plane. The aim of this study was to find the correlation of the “K” plane to the occlusal plane and to assess the angular deviation between the K-plane to the occlusal plane (KO) with different skeletal forms.

Settings and Design:
An in vivo observational study was conducted on dentulous subjects having Class I dental occlusion with different skeletal forms undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 54 subjects aged 18–30 years. Metallic balls (3 mm in diameter) were attached to the desired landmarks, and a lateral cephalogram was taken for each subject. Cephalometric analysis was done using the Dolphin Imaging software, and the values obtained were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The values obtained were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis using simple descriptive analysis, Shapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Pearson’s correlation.

Results:
A positive correlation was found between KO with a mean angular deviation of 8.59° ± 3.05°. The angle was found to be steeper in skeletal Class II subjects.

Conclusions:
Clinical application of the K-plane to use as a reference plane to orient the posterior occlusal plane can enhance the treatment outcome for a removable prosthesis. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the practical restoration of the occlusal plane in different skeletal forms.
To determine the effect of plasma nitriding treatment 56 on screw loosening and surface topography of different 78 implant–abutment screw systems with and without thermocycling: An in vitro study
Authors: Haokip Nengpichong , Tewary Shivsagar , Sanyal Pronob , Kamnoor Shubha 
Published: July 2023

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of plasma nitride-treated abutment screws of two different implant systems on screw loosening and surface topography with and without thermocycling.

Settings and Design:
This was an in-vitro experimental study.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-two abutment screws (Group A: 26 Genesis and Group B: 26 Bredent) underwent plasma nitride treatment and were subdivided into two groups, one without thermocycling and one with thermocycling. Dynamic load was applied and detorque values were evaluated for determining the screw loosening using “independent t-test” with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and scanning electron microscopy was done to check for surface topography.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Inter- and intragroup comparisons were done using independent t-test (SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20).

Results:
Plasma nitriding treatment genesis implant system abutment screw showed more screw loosening (P < 0.05) and surface roughness as compared to bredent with and without thermocycling.

Conclusion:
From the present study, it was shown that plasma nitride-treated abutment screws decreased the occurrence of screw loosening favoring the bredent implant–abutment system more than the genesis implant–abutment system.
Influence of wearing complete denture on the glycemic control, serum lipid, and proteins in patients with diabetes
Authors: Gupte Rishabh , Shetty Manoj , Hegde Chethan 
Published: July 2023

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of prosthodontic rehabilitation on glycemic and lipid control in functionally and completely edentulous patients with diabetes.

Setting and Design:
An in vivo study conducted with the intention of studying the potential link between edentulism and impaired masticatory efficiency with the nutritional status in diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 diabetic patients based on the inclusion criteria were selected. They were rehabilitated using a removable prosthesis, and observations were made across three parameters – glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), serum cholesterol (S col), and serum protein (SP) at three stages – baseline, 3 months, and 6 months posttreatment. This was done to gauge the impact of the prosthetic rehabilitation on their health due to an increased masticatory efficiency potentially causing changes in dietary patterns.

Statistical Analysis Used:
•Inter group comparison (>2 groups) was done using one way ANOVA followed by pair wise comparison using post hoc test. •Intra group comparison was done using repeated measures ANOVA (for>2 observations) followed by post Hoc test. For all the statistical tests, P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant, keeping α error at 5% and β error ati20%, thus giving a power to the study as 80%.

Results:
Hba1c at the baseline had a mean value of 8.04%, which reduced to 7.87% at the 3-month stage and 7.38% at the 6-month stage. S col at the baseline had a mean of 151.6 mg/dL; at the 3-month follow-up, it was 166.5 mg/dL, and at the 6-month follow-up, it was 173.95 mg/dL. SP had a mean baseline value of 6.38 mg/dL, which progressed to 6.67 mg/dL at the 3-month stage and 6.97 at the 6-month stage.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that after 6 months of prosthetic rehabilitation in edentulous/functionally edentulous patients:

There was a reduction in HbA1c (8.04%-7.38%); however, it was found to be statistically insignificant at that stageThere was an increase in S col (151.6 mg/dL–173.95 mg/dL); it was found to be statistically significantThere was an increase in SP (6.38 mg/dL–6.97 mg/dL); however, it was found to be statistically insignificant at that stage.
The Effect of Rocuronium Priming Dose Based on Actual Versus Corrected Body Weight in Modified Rapid Sequence Intubation
Authors: Postaci A , Ozcan NN , Aydin- Guzey N , Ersoy UC 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is a technique that allows patients to be quickly intubated and have the airway secured.

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rocuronium priming and intubation dose calculated according to actual body weight (ABW) or corrected body weight (CBW) on the neuromuscular block and intubation quality in rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII).

Patients and Methods:
This prospective randomized, double-blind study was conducted on a total of 60 patients randomized into two groups using the closed-envelope method between January 2021 and December 2021, with 30 individuals in each group. In group 1, CBW was used with the formula to calculate the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) dose. The ABW of patients was used to calculate the NMBD dose in group 2.

Results:
The data of 50 female patients who underwent group 1 (CBW, n = 25) and group 2 (ABW, n = 25) were analyzed. Age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), quality of laryngoscopy, post-priming side effects, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) values did not differ across the groups. When train-of-four (TOF) values, priming and intubation dose, and laryngoscopy time were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups of TOF count (TOF C) 1 (the duration of action).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that the application of rocuronium priming and intubation dose according to CBW in RSII, especially during the pandemic, provided similar intubation conditions as the application according to ABW, while its shorter duration of action shows that it can be preferred, especially in short-term surgical cases.
Low Immunization Completion among Under-Five Children: Are Underserved Nomadic and Farming Communities in a North Central State of Nigeria doing Better?
Authors: Nwachukwu BC , Alatishe-Muhammad BW , Ibizugbe S , Alake DI , Bolarinwa OA 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The recent drop in immunization coverage in Nigeria has left more than 3.25 million children unimmunized and has risen concern over immunization completion among the under-five children. More so among underserved communities of pastoralist nomads and farmers that were isolated from immunization services because of operational and sociocultural factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical (comparative analysis) study was carried out among 550 eligible caregivers of under-five children in nomadic and farming communities in Niger State, Nigeria. The mothers and caregivers paired with under-five children were recruited into the study using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed with the statistical software package (version 23).

Results:
More than half of the under-five children studied were males in both the nomadic (57.5%) and farming (52.0%) communities. The aggregated score of immunization knowledge was significantly (P < 0.001) better (Good 44.4%; Fair 49.8%) among farmers compared to their nomads’ counterpart (Good 21.1%; Fair 43.6%). Conversely, almost all the respondents (98.2%) in nomadic community significantly had a good overall perception of childhood immunization compared to 77.1% in the farming community. More farmers’ children (99.6%) had received immunization compared to 92.4% of the nomads’ children. About 87.3% of farmers compared to 76% of the nomads’ (76.0%) children reported immunization completion. About 50.5% of the farmers’ and 41.4% of the nomads’ children have achieved immunization on card inspection.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that average immunization completion reported among under-five children in both farming and nomadic communities is higher than the national average. It is recommended that more strategies are needed to intensify immunization campaigns targeted at populations in Nigeria.