bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximity, wholeness, and animality: The case of Little Sorrel's repatriation
Authors: Landau Jessica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFrederic Webster, chief preparator at the Carnegie Museum (CM) from 1897 to 1907, is credited by some for “rescuing” Lion Attacking a Dromedary (LAD) from destruction by the American Museum of Natural History. Webster's work on LAD was not his only involvement with the preparation and display of controversial bones, however. Webster mounted the hide and bones of Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson's war horse, Little Sorrel and displayed the skeleton at CM. In 1949, Little Sorrel's skeleton were returned to Virginia, where it was eventually cremated and interred under a statue of Jackson in a public ceremony in 1997. This article compares the return and reburial of the bones of a Confederate horse to the continued display of the remains of a person of unknown origin in LAD to highlight the very differing treatment of these human and equine individuals. By considering the return of Little Sorrel's remains to be a repatriation, I argue that the horse was transformed from a museum specimen into a monument, leveling him as a symbol of the Lost Cause and further cementing the status of the individual contained within LAD as a specimen. Through a displayed proximity to animals, Jackson (and his horse) become more human, while the person whose remains remain on display in LAD is treated as less than human.
Falling incidence of Parkinson's disease in Germany
Authors: Dammertz Lotte , Schrag Anette , Bohlken Jens , Heuer Joachim , Kohring Claudia , Schorlemmer Julia , Akmatov Manas K. , Bätzing Jörg , Holstiege Jakob 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIdiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is strongly associated with age. The aim of the present study was to describe current sex‐ and age‐specific trends and regional differences in the incidence of IPD diagnosed in older people in Germany.MethodsThis study was based on nationwide outpatient claims and drug prescription data from the German Statutory Health Insurance, covering approximately 87% of the general population. We conducted a cohort study in patients aged 50 years or older with observation time of at least 4 years. To assess the robustness of nationwide annual IPD incidence trends from 2013 to 2019, three case definitions with varying levels of stringency regarding coded outpatient diagnoses and drug prescriptions were applied.ResultsIn 2019, the population at risk comprised 30,575,726 persons. Using the primary and most specific case definition, annual age‐ and sex‐standardized cumulative IPD incidence decreased stepwise from 137 (2013) to 106 (2019) new cases per 100,000 persons. The decline in incidence was seen in both sexes, in all age groups and in the majority of German regions. The relative decrease (2013–2019) in the annual age‐ and sex‐standardized IPD incidence varied from 23% to 28% among case definitions.ConclusionOur findings indicate a nationwide decline in the age‐ and sex‐standardized incidence of IPD from 2013 to 2019 in Germany. This trend was consistent using different case definitions. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors underlying this trend.
ACCOUNTING FOR SOCIAL SECURITY CLAIMING BEHAVIOR
Authors: Pashchenko Svetlana , Porapakkarm Ponpoje 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study why Social Security benefit claiming is concentrated at two ages, 62 and the full retirement age, and provide three main findings. First, we show that claiming behavior can be well explained by a parsimonious life‐cycle model with fully rational agents. The two key mechanisms are (i) the strong unwillingness to hold annuities and (ii) the effects of the earnings test. Second, we show that current rules distort claiming and labor supply decisions, and eliminating these distortions results in large welfare gains. Finally, we show that claiming decisions can be used to sharpen the identification of important preference parameters.
Biodiversity and elevation gradients: Insights on sampling biases across worldwide mountains
Authors: Costa Fernanda Vieira da , Viana‐Júnior Arleu Barbosa , Aguilar Ramiro , Silveira Fernando A. O. , Cornelissen Tatiana G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimIdentifying macroecological patterns and biases in species distribution is a challenging but essential task in biodiversity‐oriented studies. Despite extensive attempts to find consistent species richness elevation (SRE) patterns, the topic remains controversial owing to widespread conflicting, idiosyncratic and non‐generalizable underlying mechanisms. We used a meta‐analytical review to answer why patterns of species‐richness in elevation gradients remain elusive, a long‐standing, central but contentious macroecological and biogeographical question.LocationGlobal elevation gradients.TaxonMajor terrestrial taxa (invertebrates, vertebrates and plants).MethodsWe tested the effect of elevation on species richness using multilevel mixed‐effects meta‐analytical models. Data from 127 studies spawning almost one century of research were integrated to test the effect of elevation across distinct (1) SRE models, (2) quality of primary data (e.g. mountain sampling coverage), (3) biogeographic realms, (4) studied taxa and (5) organism mobility.ResultsThe linear negative pattern showed the strongest model fit followed by the hump‐shaped and the linear positive models. Studies with higher sampling sizes showed a consistent decrease in the strength of SRE patterns. Further, the larger the mountain coverage and sampled range, the stronger the detection of some SRE patterns. Overall, the elevational effect on species richness was consistent across biogeographical realms, taxonomic groups and organism mobility.Main ConclusionsThis study indicates a bias in the detection of SRE patterns, driven mostly by mountain comprehensiveness, namely the number of sampling units, sampled range and mountain sampling coverage. These results call attention to the evidence that undersampled elevation gradients may bias our understanding on the complex relationships between elevation and biodiversity, thus impairing a broad understanding on the ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation of mountain biota.
Titin as a potential novel therapeutic target in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wei Hongyun , Ren Keyu , Zhang Qian , Jin Yanchun , Cao Bin , Tian Zibin , Mao Tao , Ren Linlin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is identified as a primary cause of death around the world. The current chemotherapies are not cost‐effective. Therefore, finding novel potential therapeutic target is urgent. Titin (TTN) is a muscle protein that is critical in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, its role in CRC is not well understood. The study focused on exploring the possible role of TTN in CRC carcinogenesis. TTN mRNA and protein expression levels presented an obvious downregulation in CRC tissue samples, relative to normal control (p < 0.05). TTN expression significantly correlated with the clinical stage (normal vs. Stage 1, p < 0.05; normal vs. Stage 4, p < 0.05), node metastasis (normal vs. N1, p < 0.05; N1 vs. N2, p < 0.05), histological type (normal vs. adenocarcinoma, p < 0.05), race (Caucasian vs. Asian, p < 0.05; African‐American vs. Asian, p < 0.05) and TP53 mutation (normal vs. TP53 mutation, p < 0.05), considering The Cancer Genome Atlas database. However, for patients who had higher TTN expression, the overall survival was remarkably shorter than patients who had low TTN expression. Furthermore, TTN was lowly expressed in four CRC cell lines. TTN overexpression facilitated CRC cells in terms of the proliferation, metastasis and invasion. Based on gene set enrichment analysis, the ERB pathway might be responsible for TTN‐related CRC. Besides, TTN was involved in the response to azacitidine. Overall, TTN might serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for treating and overcoming chemotherapy resistance in CRC.
Modifiable factors for benign salivary gland neoplasms: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gao Yan , Chen Huihong , Liu Yong , Zhang Xin , Qiu Yuanzheng , Huang Donghai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have found associations between smoking, alcohol, radiation, body mass index (BMI), periodontitis, and the hazard of benign salivary gland neoplasms (BSGNs). Nevertheless, the etiology of BSGNs remains unclear. This study aims to assess the causal association between these modifiable factors and the BSGNs.MethodsGenetic instruments associated with exposures at the genome‐wide significance level were selected from corresponding genome‐wide association studies. The summary statistics for BSGNs were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (2445 cases and 340,054 controls). The inverse variance‐weighted method was used as the primary analysis, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to test the reliability.ResultsGenetically predicted higher lifetime smoking index (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, p = 0.012) and BMI (OR = 1.58, p = 2.29 × 10−5) were associated with elevated risk of BSGNs, whereas other exposures do not. Sensitivity analyses showed consistency. The causal effect of the lifetime smoking index became more significant after adjusting for BMI (OR = 2.89, p = 0.005) and alcohol consumption (OR = 2.49, p = 0.002). A slight negative association emerged for alcohol consumption with adjustment for cigarettes per day (OR = 0.53, p = 0.034) but disappeared when adjusting for cigarettes per day and BMI.ConclusionThis study supports the independent causal role of lifetime smoking index and BMI in BSGNs risk.
Calprotectin and periostin levels in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Mahendra Jaideep , Muralidharan Janani , Srinivasan Sruthi , Mahendra Little , Cherian Sanjay M. , Fathima Lubna , Prakash Prashanthi , Namasivayam Ambalavanan , Dave Pavithra H. , Bedi Muskan , Muralidharan Harini 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on periodontal and cardiac parameters as well as on the expression of calprotectin and periostin levels in periodontitis patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsNinety subjects were categorised into three groups: Group H: periodontally and systemically healthy subjects, Group P: stage III grade B periodontitis subjects with no associated systemic diseases and Group P + CAD: stage III grade B periodontitis subjects diagnosed with CAD. Demographic, periodontal and cardiac parameters were recorded at baseline (0 day) and on the 180th day after NSPT. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from all participants at baseline (0 day) and after the 180th day. Calprotectin and periostin expression were reassessed.ResultsA significant increase in the levels of calprotectin (34.05 ± 11.72) was seen at baseline in the P + CAD group, whereas on the contrary, a decreased periostin (1.59 ± 0.41) was also noted at baseline. The study also showed a significant improvement in periodontal and cardiac parameters on the 180th day following NSPT.ConclusionDetection of calprotectin and periostin expression in GCF samples could represent a link to the association of periodontitis and CAD.
Genetic analysis and identification of SSR marker linked to Phomopsis blight resistance in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Narayanswami Bhanushree , Tomar Bhoopal Singh , Akhtar Jameel , Behera Tusar Kanti , Ellur Ranjith Kumar , Sevanthi Rama Mithra V. , Sarika Jaiswal , Saha Partha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present investigation was carried out to decipher inheritance of resistance and to identify linked SSR markers for Phomopsis blight resistance in eggplant. An F2 population comprising 161 plants was developed from the cross of Pusa Kranti and BR‐40‐7. Genetic analysis was carried out using Chi square test. Artificial inoculation of fruits was carried out using pin prick method, and scoring was done as per the standard scoring scale. The F2 plants segregated into 92 susceptible (77—highly susceptible, 15—susceptible): 69 resistant (17—highly resistant, 27—resistant, 25—moderately resistant) suggesting complimentary epistasis with ratio of 9:7. To identify the putatively linked markers to resistance gene, parental polymorphic markers were subjected to bulk segregant analysis (BSA), and two markers (emk03O04 and emf11A03) could differentiate resistant and susceptible bulk and co‐segregated with resistance gene. The genetic distance between the identified markers was found to be 18.12 cM using QTL IciMapping V3.2 software depicting two new QTLs on chromosome number 6. The identified QTLs have great significant importance in marker assisted breeding programme.
A balancing act—midwives' and public health nurses' experiences with breastfeeding counselling
Authors: Hamnøy Ingvild Lande , Kjelsvik Marianne , Bærug Anne Bergljot , Dahl Berit Misund 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore midwives' and public‐health nurses' experiences of breastfeeding counselling in order to provide a deeper insight into breastfeeding counselling.Methodological Design and JustificationA qualitative design was used, and qualitative content analysis was conducted to analyse the data in accordance with the phenomenological hermeneutic tradition.Ethical Issues and ApprovalThe Norwegian Centre for Research Data approved this study. All participants provided written consent.Research MethodsFour focus‐group interviews were conducted on a sample of eight midwives and 13 public‐health nurses in Norway.ResultsThree interrelated themes describing the meaning of midwives' and public‐health nurses' experiences with breastfeeding counselling emerged from the analysis: Breastfeeding Counselling Means Responsibility for Collaboration and Facilitation, Being Confident as a Breastfeeding Counsellor Means Striving for Professional Competence and Supporting the Individual Breastfeeding Family Means Being Sensitive and Adapting to Novel Situations.Study LimitationsThe focus groups comprised a mix of midwives and public‐health nurses, which may have inhibited honest declaration of these professionals' opinions of each other.ConclusionMidwives and public‐health nurses regard structural factors and prioritising breastfeeding support in society as important for providing good breastfeeding counselling. Midwives and public‐health nurses strive to find a balance between relying on their own competence, promoting breastfeeding in accordance with guidelines and respecting mothers' choices. Healthcare professionals require knowledge about breastfeeding, good clinical judgement, a listening attitude and openness to how breastfeeding affects mother's everyday life to provide good breastfeeding care.
The use of visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy for in‐situ characterization of agricultural soil fertility: A proposition of best practice by comparing scanning positions and spectrometers
Authors: Metzger Konrad , Liebisch Frank , Herrera Juan M. , Guillaume Thomas , Walder Florian , Bragazza Luca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe application of visible and near‐infrared (vis–NIR) spectroscopy to characterize soil samples has gained growing interest as a fast and cost‐effective methodology for soil fertility assessment. In order to profit from the full potential of vis–NIR spectroscopy, the acquisition of soil spectra directly in‐situ would increase the possibility to obtain data rapidly and at a high spatial and temporal resolution. In the present study, we test and propose the best practice to characterize a set of fertility‐related parameters (i.e. texture, organic carbon, pH, cation exchange capacity and major nutrients) of agricultural soils by measuring vis–NIR spectra in the field. To reach this goal, we compare the spectra obtained from different scanning positions with two portable spectrometers, that is, a micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS)‐based spectrometer and a research‐grade vis–NIR spectrometer. On the basis of 134 soil sampling points, vis–NIR spectra were recorded from: (1) the cutaway side of a soil sample collected with an Edelman auger to a depth of 20 cm, (2) the raw soil surface, as well as (3) the cleaned and smoothed soil surface. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were built for the selected soil parameters, scanning positions and different spectral pretreatments for both spectrometers. The model performance was evaluated based on the ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ), the R2, the root mean squared error (RMSE) and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Overall, the following soil parameters were successfully predicted: clay, sand, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium. In contrast, total and exchangeable Ca, K and P, as well as total Mg could not be predicted at a satisfactory level for both the spectrometers. The best scanning position for the successfully calibrated models was along the cutaway sides of the Edelman auger. Although the research‐grade spectrometer gave better performance indicators for most of the parameters, the calibrations with the MEMS‐based spectrometer still resulted in satisfactory predictions. Based on these findings, the proposed best practice for obtaining in‐situ soil vis–NIR scans is to scan along the cutaway sides of a soil core using at least five replicate scans.
Thermal and Air Management of an Open Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Ram Krishnil R. , Kumar Shanal S. , Léchappé Vincent , Mohammadi Ali , Cirrincione Maurizio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper presents a simplified nonlinear model for an open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and its control using three different control strategies. The model presented uses four state variables. The mass flow of oxygen, hydrogen flow, water flow, and temperature were taken to be the critical dynamics in the system. The unknown parameters were estimated using the experimental data of a 1.2 kW PEMFC. The simplified model showed good agreement with experimental results. Control schemes were implemented to control the stack temperature and the oxygen excess ratio of the PEMFC. The proportional (P) and proportional–integral (PI) control performed well but had a poorer response compared to the sliding mode control (SMC) scheme. The study of the different control schemes reveals the dangers of solely controlling either the oxygen excess ratio or the temperature. Results show that the best control is achieved when the excess ratio is controlled together with the reference temperature. The study also compares the parasitic losses from the fans caused by the different controllers. Overall, the results provide a good insight into designing a robust control system for an open cathode PEMFC for faster response and greater durability of the PEMFC.
A Stereolithography Method for the Rapid Manufacture of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Zak Gene , Sela Naftali M. , Park Chul B. , Benhabib Beno 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Past attempts to improve the mechanical properties of stereolithographically manufactured parts by fiber reinforcement included: (i) use of long fibers laid out continuously in the polymer matrix; (ii) use of discontinuous fibers and glass microspheres and, (iii) building of fiber-reinforced shells around a solidified resin part. However, these efforts have not led to the development of an effective manufacturing method for the rapid fabrication of reinforced plastic parts.
The goal of our research is the development of a manufacturing process for the rapid layered fabrication of polymer-based composite objects using short discontinuous fibers as reinforcements. This paper outlines the proposed process as well as some of the preliminary investigative work on depositing the fiber-resin liquid mixture from above, and analysis of the basic mechanical properties of the test samples.
Stochastic Description of Dry Friction in Metal-to-Metal Contact Under Harmonic Excitation
Authors: Zielke S. A. , Ibrahim R. A. , Popp K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Experimental measurements of dry friction between sliding surfaces under harmonic excitation show that the friction force consists of periodic components with superimposed random fluctuations. The stochastic nature of the friction can be Gaussian or non-Gaussian, depending on the normal force and excitation amplitude levels. The normal force experiences random fluctuations due to ploughing and generation of surface asperities. The main influence of friction damping on the system response has been examined under different levels of normal loading. It is found that with increasing normal force the relative displacement deviates from the original sinusoidal nature and becomes essentially nonlinear with periodic motion. Regions of high displacement show this nonlinear behavior, which experiences extensively stick-slip with increasing normal force. Numerical simulation results are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
Experimental and Numerical Study of a Symmetrically Piecewise Linear Oscillator
Authors: Sin Victor W. T. , Wiercigroch Marian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper gives a short account on the experimental and numerical study of a piecewise based excited symmetrical linear oscillator undergoing non-linear vibrations. The details of the adopted design and the state-of-the-art experimental setup are explained in a great detail. The regions of chaotic motion predicted theoretically were confirmed by the experimental results arranged into bifurcation diagrams, which were obtained by numerical and experimental means. Clearance and amplitude of the external force were used as branching parameters. The discussion of the system’s dynamics is based on bifurcation diagrams, Lissajous curves and power spectrums. The investigated system tended to be periodic for large clearances and chaotic small ones. This is picture is reversed for the amplitude of the forcing, where periodic motion occurred for its small values and chaos dominated for larger forcing.
Thermal Migration of Bubbles in Zero Gravity
Authors: Esmaeeli Asghar , Tryggvason Grétar , Arpaci Vedat 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Thermocapillary migration of two-dimensional, deformable, interacting bubbles toward an initially flat fluid interface in zero gravity is studied. The full Navier-Stokes equations and the thermal energy equation are solved for the fluids inside and outside the bubbles using a front tracking/finite difference method. The boundaries of the domain are taken to be periodic in the horizontal direction and wall-bounded in the vertical direction. The temperatures of the walls are fixed such that an upward temperature gradient is imposed. Interactions of coalescing bubbles with different initial conditions are investigated.
Radiative Properties Identification for a Spherical Packed Bed
Authors: Nisipeanu Eugen , Jones Peter D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An inversion method is used to determine the spectral radiative properties (scattering albedo, extinction coefficient, and Henyey-Greenstein asymmetry factor) of a packed bed of stainless steel spheres. Spectral and directional experimental data for the intensity exiting the bed were compared to Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) discrete ordinates method solutions in a nonlinear least-squares algorithm (modified Levenberg-Marquardt) to identify the radiative properties. The properties resulting from the inversion method showed a higher scattering albedo, more forward scattering phase function, and higher extinction coefficient than those calculated using either independent scattering theory or the correlated scattering theory of Kamiuto.