bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Niger Bridge and the Biafran Economy During and After the Nigerian-Biafran War, 1967-1970
Authors: Nnaemeka Emmanuel Enemchukwu , Adelekun Isaac Abiodun 
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the role and significance of the Niger Bridge during the Nigeria-Biafra war, which lasted between 1967 and 1970. The war resulted in devastating effects such as violence, displacement, and economic disruptions. However, the Niger Bridge emerged as a symbol of resilience and strategic importance. It served as a crucial lifeline for the Igbo people, who constituted the majority population of the secessionist state of Biafra, enabling the movement of people, goods, and supplies in the face of blockades imposed by the Nigerian government. The bridge's destruction had severe socio-economic consequences, including the breakdown of trade networks, food shortages, inflation, and the collapse of local industries. The paper also explores the post-war reconstruction efforts and highlights the symbolic significance of the Niger Bridge in the process of reconciliation between Nigeria and Biafra. The reconstruction not only aimed to restore critical infrastructure but also acted as a tangible symbol of unity, healing, and trust-building between the previously warring factions. By analyzing the Niger Bridge in the context of the Nigeria-Biafra war, this paper offers insights into the dynamics of the conflict, the employed military strategies, and the socio-economic impact on the affected populations. It emphasizes the vital role of infrastructure in shaping the outcomes of war and conflict, shedding light on the broader significance of such infrastructure in conflict zones worldwide.

Received: 30 June 2023 / Accepted: 23 August 2023 / Published: 5 September 2023
Investigaciones arqueológicas en el noreste de Neuquén: evidencias materiales y tendencias distribucionales preliminares
Authors: Pérez Iván , Rindel Diego Damián , Romero Villanueva Guadalupe , Gobbo Diego , Feely Ana 
Published: September 2023

El noreste del Neuquén, en particular la región ocupada por la Sierra del Auca Mahuida y áreas aledañas, presenta una escasa frecuencia de estudios arqueológicos. El objetivo general de este trabajo es estimar la intensidad y características de la ocupación humana en esta región a lo largo del Holoceno. Nuestros resultados, producto de cuatro campañas y el trabajo de laboratorio, indican que hay importantes diferencias entre las áreas que conforman la región de estudio en función del registro arqueológico recuperado. La mayor frecuencia de ocupación se observa en el Bajo del Añelo, mientras que la Sierra Auca Mahuida y la cuenca superior del río Colorado presentan una menor intensidad de ocupación. Las diferencias espaciales en la evidencia arqueológica y la frecuencia de sitios, sumada a la variabilidad ambiental observada, sugieren un uso estacional y complementario de los espacios altos de la Sierra y los bajos de la cuenca del río Colorado y el Bajo del Añelo. En este sentido, la disponibilidad de agua, las bajas temperaturas invernales y la variación estacional en la disponibilidad del guanaco probablemente tuvieron una gran influencia en la dinámica inferida para las poblaciones humanas prehistóricas de la región de estudio.
Simpaticotonia E A Síndrome De Hiperestimulação Simpática Como Diagnosticar E Possíveis Tratamentos
Authors: Tiboni Kaiut Ravi Kishore , Agrela Rodrigues Fabiano de Abreu 
Published: September 2023

A Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Simpática e simpaticotonia são termos que geralmente são usados para descrever a hiperatividade do sistema nervoso simpático, os sintomas associados a ambos são aumento da frequência cardíaca, hipertensão arterial, sensação de ansiedade, entre outros. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a síndrome de Hiperestimulação Simpática, bem como uma análise acerca do diagnóstico e dos tratamentos disponíveis, assim como uma leve observação de como estas condições têm sido tratadas pela medicina. Em cima disso cria-se a o conceito teórico de simpaticotonia aqui explorado. Conclui-se que a continuação de pesquisas dedicadas e bem financiadas conduzirá a avanços significativos nesta área com a promoção de terapias não invasivas como o yoga, meditação para promover um maior arsenal de formas de mitigar os sintomas das disautonomias.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЛАТУНИ Л63 ПО ГЛАДКОЙ КРИВОЛИНЕЙНОЙ ТРАЕКТОРИИ ТИПА “ВЕЕР СМЕЩЕННЫХ ОКРУЖНОСТЕЙ”
Authors: Zubchaninov V.G. , Gultyaev V.I. , Dvuzhilov A.S. 
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of an experimental study of deformation of a thinwalled tubular sample along a smooth curvilinear trajectory of deformation of different curvature, in which each section of the trajectory changes the value of curvature and moves it center. The experiments were carried out on an automated calculation and experimental complex SN-EVM in the deviatoric space deformations A.A. Ilyushin (hard loading) with simultaneous combined action on a thin-walled tubular tensile-compression sample and twists. Scalar and vector material properties were subject to research brass L63. It was revealed that the resulting diagrams that characterize scalar and vector material properties are oscillatory.
В статье описаны результаты эксперимента деформирования по гладкой криволинейной траектории трубчатого тонкостенного образца. На каждом участке траектории менялось значение кривизны и одновременно перемещался ее центр. Экспериментальные исследования проводились в девиаторном пространстве деформаций А.А. Ильюшина на экспериментальном автоматизированном комплексе СН-ЭВМ,с учетом одновременного, комбинированного действия на трубчатый образец кручения и растяжения-сжатия .Исследованию подлежали скалярные и векторные свойства материала латунь Л63. Выявлено, что полученные диаграммы, которые показывают векторные и скалярные свойства материала имеют колебательный характер.
О СИЛОВОМ ВЛИЯНИИ ОПОРНОГО НАПОЛНИТЕЛЯ И МЕЖСЛОЙНОГО ТРЕНИЯ НА НАПРЯЖЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ КЕРАМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБОЛОЧКОВОЙ ФОРМЫ ПО ВЫПЛАВЛЯЕМЫМ МОДЕЛЯМ
Authors: Evstigneev A.I. , Evstigneeva A.A. , Dmitriev E.A. , Ivankova E.P. , Odinokov V.I. , Chernyshova D.V. 
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the results of a theoretical study of the stress state of the shell mold depending on the force exerted on it by the support filler and interlayer friction during casting according to the smelted models.
В работе изложены результаты теоретического исследования напряженнодеформированного состояния оболочковой формы в зависимости от силового воздействия на неё со стороны опорного наполнителя и межслойного трения при литье по выплавляемым моделям.
УСЛОВИЯ СОВМЕСТНОСТИ В МОДЕЛЯХ ПОЛУИЗОТРОПНЫХ ТЕРМОУПРУГИХ ТЕЛ
Authors: Murashkin E.V. , Nesterov T.K. , Stadnik N.E. 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we discuss the compatibility conditions on the surfaces of weak and strong discontinuities propagating in continuous semi-isotropic thermoelastic media. To derive such boundary conditions, the well-known Yugonio–Hadamar theory, substantially developed by G. I. Bykovtsev, and generalized to the case of pseudotensor physical fields, is used. The questions of differentiation with respect to pseudoscalar time and its transformation under mirror reflections and space inversions are considered. First-order geometric and kinematic compatibility conditions are obtained in terms of pseudotensors. Compatibility conditions are derived for weak discontinuities of displacements and microrotations in a hemitropic micropolar continuum. Compatibility conditions are obtained for strong discontinuities in a semi-isotropic thermoelastic continuum.
В настоящей работе обсуждаются условия совместности на поверхностях слабых и сильных разрывов, распространяющихся в сплошных полуизотропных термоупругих средах. Для вывода таких граничных условий примняется хорошо известная теория Югонио– Адамара, существенно развитая Г.И. Быковцевым, обобщенная на случай псевдотензорных физических полей. Рассматриваются вопросы дифференцирования по псевдоскалярному времени и его преобразования при зеркальных отражениях и инверсиях пространства. Получены геометрические и кинематические условия совместности первого порядка в терминах псевдотензоров. Выведены условия совместности для слабых разрывов перемещений и микровращений в полуизотропном микрополярном континууме. Получены условия совместности на сильных разрывах в полуизотропном термоупругом континууме.
The
Ṁ
–M
disk Relationship for Herbig Ae/Be Stars: A Lifetime Problem for Disks with Low Masses?
Authors: Grant Sierra L. , Stapper Lucas M. , Hogerheijde Michiel R. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Brittain Sean , Vioque Miguel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The accretion of material from protoplanetary disks onto their central stars is a fundamental process in the evolution of these systems and a key diagnostic in constraining the disk lifetime. We analyze the relationship between the stellar accretion rate and the disk mass in 32 intermediate-mass Herbig Ae/Be systems and compare them to their lower-mass counterparts, T Tauri stars. We find that the

M

̇

–M
disk relationship for Herbig Ae/Be stars is largely flat at ∼10−7
M
☉ yr−1 over 3 orders of magnitude in dust mass. While most of the sample follows the T Tauri trend, a subset of objects with high accretion rates and low dust masses are identified. These outliers (12 out of 32 sources) have an inferred disk lifetime of less than 0.01 Myr and are dominated by objects with low infrared excess. This outlier sample is likely identified in part by the bias in classifying Herbig Ae/Be stars, which requires evidence of accretion that can only be reliably measured above a rate of ∼10−9
M
☉ yr−1 for these spectral types. If the disk masses are not underestimated and the accretion rates are not overestimated, this implies that these disks may be on the verge of dispersal, which may be due to efficient radial drift of material or outer disk depletion by photoevaporation and/or truncation by companions. This outlier sample likely represents a small subset of the larger young, intermediate-mass stellar population, the majority of which would have already stopped accreting and cleared their disks.
Survey of CH3NH2 and its Formation Process
Authors: Suzuki Taiki , Majumdar Liton , Goldsmith Paul F. , Tokuda Kazuki , Minamoto Harumi , Ohishi Masatoshi , Saito Masao , Hirota Tomoya , Nomura Hideko , Oya Yoko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present the observational results of a precursor of glycine, methylamine (CH3NH2), together with methanol (CH3OH) and methanimine (CH2NH) for the high-mass star-forming regions NGC 6334I, G10.47+0.03, G31.41+0.3, and W51 e1/e2 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The molecular abundances of these sources were derived using the CASSIS spectrum analyzer and compared with our state-of-the-art three-phase chemical model NAUTILUS. We found that the observed abundance ratio of CH3NH2/CH3OH is between 0.008 and 1.0 for all sources, except for NGC 6334I MM3, where a ratio less than 0.002 is found. This may be due to its later evolutionary stage relative to the other cores. We also found that the observed CH3NH2/CH3OH ratio agrees well with the three-phase chemical model NAUTILUS, which includes the formation of CH3NH2 on the grain surface via a series of hydrogenation processes of HCN. This result clearly shows the importance of hydrogenation processes to form CH3NH2.
Flare Duty Cycle of Gamma-Ray Blazars and Implications for High-energy Neutrino Emission
Authors: Yoshida Kenji , Petropoulou Maria , Murase Kohta , Oikonomou Foteini 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gamma-ray flares of blazars may be accompanied by high-energy neutrinos due to interactions of high-energy cosmic rays in the jet with photons, as suggested by the detection of the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A during a major gamma-ray flare from blazar TXS 0506+056 at the ∼3σ significance level. In this work, we present a statistical study of gamma-ray emission from blazars to constrain the contribution of gamma-ray flares to their neutrino output. We construct weekly binned light curves for 145 gamma-ray bright blazars in the Fermi Large Area Telescope Monitored Source List adding TXS 0506+056. We derive the fraction of time spent in the flaring state (flare duty cycle) and the fraction of energy released during each flare from the light curves with a Bayesian blocks algorithm. We find that blazars with lower flare duty cycles and energy fractions are more numerous among our sample. We identify a significant difference in flare duty cycles between blazar subclasses at a significance level of 5%. Then using a general scaling relation for the neutrino and gamma-ray luminosities,

L

ν

∝

(

L

γ

)

γ

with a weighting exponent of γ = 1.0–2.0, normalized to the quiescent gamma-ray or X-ray flux of each blazar, we evaluate the neutrino energy flux of each gamma-ray flare. The gamma-ray flare distribution indicates that blazar neutrino emission may be dominated by flares for γ ≳ 1.5. The neutrino energy fluxes for 1 week and 10 yr bins are compared with the decl.-dependent IceCube sensitivity to constrain the standard neutrino emission models for gamma-ray flares. Finally, we present the upper-limit contribution of blazar gamma-ray flares to the isotropic diffuse neutrino flux.
Three-dimensional General-relativistic Simulations of Neutrino-driven Winds from Magnetized Proto–Neutron Stars
Authors: Desai Dhruv K. , Siegel Daniel M. , Metzger Brian D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Formed in the aftermath of a core-collapse supernova or neutron star merger, a hot proto–neutron star (PNS) launches an outflow driven by neutrino heating lasting for up to tens of seconds. Though such winds are considered potential sites for the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements via the rapid neutron capture process (r-process), previous work has shown that unmagnetized PNS winds fail to achieve the necessary combination of high entropy and/or short dynamical timescale in the seed nucleus formation region. We present three-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of PNS winds which include the effects of a dynamically strong (B ≳ 1015 G) dipole magnetic field. After initializing the magnetic field, the wind quickly develops a helmet-streamer configuration, characterized by outflows along open polar magnetic field lines and a “closed” zone of trapped plasma at lower latitudes. Neutrino heating within the closed zone causes the thermal pressure of the trapped material to rise in time compared to the polar outflow regions, ultimately leading to the expulsion of this matter from the closed zone on a timescale of ∼60 ms, consistent with the predictions of Thompson. The high entropies of these transient ejecta are still growing at the end of our simulations and are sufficient to enable a successful second-peak r-process in at least a modest ≳1% of the equatorial wind ejecta.
Ram Pressure Stripping in the EAGLE Simulation
Authors: Kulier Andrea , Poggianti Bianca , Tonnesen Stephanie , Smith Rory , Ignesti Alessandro , Akerman Nina , Marasco Antonino , Vulcani Benedetta , Moretti Alessia , Wolter Anna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ram pressure stripping of satellite galaxies is thought to be a ubiquitous process in galaxy clusters, and a growing number of observations reveal satellites at different stages of stripping. However, in order to determine the fate of any individual galaxy, we turn to predictions from either simulations or analytic models. It is not well determined whether simulations and analytic models agree in their predictions, nor the causes of disagreement. Here we investigate ram pressure stripping in the reference EAGLE hydrodynamical cosmological simulation, and compare the results to predictions from analytic models. We track the evolution of galaxies with stellar mass M
* > 109
M
⊙ and initial bound gas mass M
gas > 109
M
⊙ that fall into galaxy clusters (M
200c
> 1014
M
⊙) between z = 0.27 and z = 0. We divide each galaxy into its neutral gas disk and hot ionized gas halo and compare the evolution of the stripped gas fraction in the simulation to that predicted by analytic formulations for the two gas phases, as well as to a toy model that computes the motions of gas particles under the combined effects of gravity and a spatially uniform ram pressure. We find that the analytic models generally underpredict the stripping rate of neutral gas and overpredict that of ionized gas, with significant scatter between the model and simulation stripping timescales. This is due to opposing physical effects: the enhancement of ram pressure stripping by stellar feedback, and the suppression of stripping by the compaction of galactic gas.
Lambda Boo Abundance Characteristics in the T Tauri Star TWA 9A
Authors: Yüce Kutluay , Cowley Charles R. , Calvet Nuria , Micolta Marbely 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Abundances in the weak-lined T Tauri star TWA 9A show enhanced volatile and somewhat depleted refractory elements. This resembles a pattern seen in some Herbig AeBe stars.
A Geologic Map of Vesta Produced Using a Hybrid Method for Incorporating Spectroscopic and Morphologic Data
Authors: Aileen Yingst R. , Mest Scott C. , Brent Garry W. , Williams David A. , Berman Daniel C. , Gregg Tracy K. P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We have constructed a global geologic map of the minor planet Vesta at 1:300,000-scale using Dawn spacecraft imaging, spectroscopic, topographic, and elemental data. In this effort, we used a mapping method that requires creating two maps independently: the first map uses morphology and topography to define map units, while the second map relies on multispectral data (“color”) to define units. The two are then combined into a hybrid product that retains the maximum amount of unique information from both maps in a readable format. This effort has revealed that for bodies where cratering is the dominant unit-forming process, and where there is not a close correlation between morphological feature types and multispectral signal, a hybrid mapping method better retains unique information carried by multispectral data during the mapping process than traditional morphology-based methods alone. Conversely, relying too heavily on color data risks placing too much emphasis on information drawn from the top few microns of the surface. To ensure both consistency and retention of unique information, we created a decision tree for determining which data would be primary in choosing where to draw unit boundaries. Also due to the significant amount of information borne by spectral data, we repurposed traditional mapping nomenclature so that subscripts carry color information. We recommend using this mapping methodology on bodies where (a) morphologic feature boundaries are commonly subtle, gradational, or both, and (b) spectral data carries a significant amount of unique data for identifying, characterizing, and interpreting geologic units.
Will a Local Portal using Global Data Encourage the Mainstreaming of Biodiversity Informatics in Asia? In Taiwan, We Say Yes
Authors: Ko Jerome Chie-Jen , Chang Huiling , Chang Yihong , Yu You-Cheng , Ni Min-Hsuan , Wu Jun-Yi , Chen You Zhen 
Published: September 2023

Five years ago, the value of biodiversity open data was scarcely recognized in Taiwan. This posed a significant challenge to the Taiwan Biodiversity Infomation Facility (TaiBIF), our national node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), in its sustained efforts to enhance data publishing capacities. Notably, non-academic entities, both governmental and industrial, were reluctant to invest resources in data management and publication, questioning the benefits beyond purely research-oriented returns.
At the time, Taiwan had fewer than a million published records domestically, while GBIF held around 3 million occurrence records for Taiwan, largely unused by local users. We speculated that this discrepancy in data usage stemmed from three factors: (1) lack of species names in the local language within the occurrence data, (2) missing locally important species attributes, such as conservation status and national red list categories, and (3) absence of a culturally relatable local portal promoting biodiversity data usage.
To address these issues, we launched the Taiwan Biodiversity Network (TBN) website in 2018, localizing global data from GBIF and integrating missing information from local data sources. Collaborating with wildlife illustrators, we designed a user-friendly data interface to lessen the system's technical or academic barriers. This effort led to a doubling of website visitors and data download requests annually, and in recent years, biodiversity open data has become a vital component in environmental impact assessments. This upward trend heightened the recognition of the value of biodiversity open data, inciting organizations, such as initially data-conservative government agencies and private sectors with no obligatory data-sharing, to invest in data management and mobilization. This advancement also catalyzed the formation of the Taiwan Biodiversity Information Alliance (TBIA), actively promoting cross-organizational collaborations on data integration.
Today, Taiwan offers more than 19 million globally accessible occurrence records and data for more than 28,000 species. While the surge in data volume can certainly be credited to the active local citizen science community, we believe the expanded coverage of species and data types is a result of a growing community supportive of biodiversity open data. This was made possible by the establishment of a local portal that effectively bridged the gap between global data and local needs. We hope our experience will motivate other Asian countries to create analogous local portals using global open data sources like GBIF, illustrating the value of biodiversity open data to decision-makers and overcoming resource limitations that impede investments in biodiversity informatics.
Le couple, un objet pour l’histoire des socialismes
Authors: Fabre Mélanie 
Published: September 2023

Cet article cherche à montrer la pertinence d’une entrée par le couple pour analyser l’histoire des socialismes au tournant du xix e et du xx e siècle. Après avoir proposé une courte mise au point historiographique sur le couple formé par Louise et Jean Jaurès, il analyse les traits communs à divers couples socialistes actifs à peu près à la même période, dont Georges Sorel et Marie David, Lalla et Émile Vandervelde, Albert et Madeleine Thomas, Marie-Thérèse et Fernand Maurette, Madeleine Vernet et Louis Tribier, Jean-Richard et Marguerite Bloch. Ce texte propose enfin une mise en perspective historique de la manière dont les socialistes conçoivent le couple idéal au xix e et au xx e siècle, cette question étant loin de faire l’unanimité à gauche et à l’extrême-gauche, entre saint-simoniens ou libertaires partisans d’une profonde réforme de l’institution matrimoniale et proudhoniens ou communistes attachés à maintenir l’ordre du foyer.
Marie-Thérèse et Fernand Maurette-Dupuy : un couple de pédagogues socialistes réformateurs
Authors: Carrupt Roland 
Published: September 2023

Cet article analyse la trajectoire d’un couple de pédagogues socialistes réformateurs parisiens, Marie-Thérèse et Fernand Maurette-Dupuy. À Genève entre 1924 et 1937, Fernand travaille au BIT et Marie-Thérèse dirige l’École internationale de Genève, créée par des pédagogues genevois et des couples de fonctionnaires internationaux. Cette école s’inspire des expériences pédagogiques pratiquées au Collège Sévigné à Paris et porte une attention particulière sur l’actualité contemporaine par des cours d’histoire et de géographie. Elle soutient également les organisations internationales dans leur promotion de la paix.