bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal cord injury etiology, severity, and response to care in East Asia: a cross-sectional analysis of the International Spinal Cord Society Database Project
Authors: Brazauskas Ruta , Chhabra Harvinder , Holmes Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Objectives: To determine etiologic factors related to spinal cord injury (SCI) severity and to assess factors related to benefit from care in individuals seen for SCI in six Eastern and South-eastern Asian countries.
Setting: Care centers in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Methods: Data from multiple centers collected between October 2015 and February 2021 were analyzing using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.
Results: Among 2,634 individuals, the leading cause of SCIs was falls (n=1410, 54%). Most single-level SCIs occurred in the thoracic spine (n=977, 39%). Greater than half of SCIs (n=1423, 54%) were graded American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A. Thoracic SCIs accounted for 53% (n=757) of all single-level AIS A SCIs, and the percentage of thoracic SCIs graded AIS A (78%) was significantly higher than cervical (51%), lumbar (24%), sacral (8%), and multiple level (15%) SCIs (p<0.001). Regression analyses isolated predictive factors both of SCI severity and inpatient improvement. Four factors predicted injury severity: age, spinal region, injury etiology, and country of residence. Four factors also predicted inpatient improvement: age, spinal region, AIS grade on intake, and country of residence.
Conclusions: Falls were the leading cause of traumatic SCIs, most of which occurred from ≥1 meter. The thoracic spine was the most commonly injured region, and thoracic SCIs were associated with both increased injury severity and poorer recovery. Age, spinal region, and country were each predictive factors of both SCI severity and inpatient improvement.
Sponsorship: Mayo Clinic Global Health Program
Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils
Authors: Chakrabartty Satyendra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Assessment of heavy metal (HM) pollution of soil could be index based or model driven. Each suffers from methodological limitations. Classification of regions with respect to different indices gave different results. The paper suggests an assumption-free method to get comprehensive index as geometric mean of chosen indices to reflect overall pollution status of HMs(IHM) in soil as a composite index (CI), avoiding selection of weights and scaling. The proposed aggregation is applicable for all types of indices including those having skewed distributions and can be applied even for data with small sample size. With reduced level of substitutability among component indices, the method facilitates formation of chain indices, satisfies time reversal test, identifies the critical areas and contribution of the indices to IHM . It produces no bias for polluted or non-polluted regions since effect of outliers is not much. It allows ranking and classification of regions in terms of IHM values and assesses paths of improvement for each region over time. Possible to undertake statistical testing of H0:IHMi = IHMj for the i-th and j-th region at a particular time or H0: IHM(t)= IHM(t+1)for a particular region at two time periods. Since evaluation criteria/base period values vary across countries, meaningful comparison of countries can be made in terms of progress made on Year-to-Year basis.Based on theoretical advantages, the proposed aggregation by GM is an improvement over the existing methods of finding overall pollution status of HMs (IHM) in soils and is recommended.
Three in four undescribed plant species are threatened with extinction
Authors: Brown Matilda , Bachman Steven , Lughadha Eimear Nic 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany thousands of plant species remain unknown to science, most being range-restricted and/or rare – both factors that increase extinction risk. Here, we show that more than 75% of species described after 2020 would qualify as threatened if assessed for the IUCN Red List. We recommend that newly described species are assumed to be threatened and encourage taxonomists to partner with assessors at the time of description to formally evaluate the extinction risk of new species using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Effect of nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) on methane production, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in vitro
Authors: Abdillah Achmad Ezar , Sarah Dewi , Ardian Aziz Aji , Anas Muhsin Al , Aprianto Muhammad Anang , Hanim Chusnul , Kurniawati Asih , Muhlisin Muhlisin , Yusiati Lies Mira 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study evaluated the effect addition of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oil as a feed additive on methane production, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen enzyme activity, and nutrient digestibility in vitro. This study was divided into three treatments based on the level addition of nutmeg essential oil, including 0 µL/L (T0), 100 µL/L (T2), and 200 µL/L. The composition of feed substrate was king grass as forage and concentrate with a ratio of 60:40. Feed fermentation was carried out using the Menke and Steingass gas production and two-stapes Tilley and Terry in-vitro digestibility technique. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and If there were differences between means continued by DMRT. Results showed that 200 µL/L nutmeg essential oil addition significantly decreased (P < 0.05) ammonia (NH3) levels, VFA total, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and microbial protein (P < 0.05). Methane production and activity of rumen protease enzyme significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with levels at 100 and 200 µL/L. The addition at 200 µL/L of nutmeg essential oil significantly decreased (P < 0.05) on protein digestibility (IVCPD) in 48h, while IVCPD in 96 h was significantly increased (P < 0.05). on the other hand, the addition of nutmeg essential oil did not affect on the activity of the amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and β-glucosidase enzymes and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD), crude fiber (IVCFD), and organic matter (IVOMD). The conclusion obtained from this study was the optimum level at 200 µL/L of nutmeg essential oil could reduce methane production and increased crude protein digestibility in 96 h without any negative effect on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility.
Research on multi-source heterogeneous big data fusion method based on feature level
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Wang Chenxi , Zhou Yuchen , Gong Rongrong , Yang Zixuan , Li Hui , Li Haining 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the development of research on multi-modal data fusion and its combination with online data management, the application of multi-modal big data fusion in theinformation management systems is more and more extensive. How to integrate multi-modal big data effectively is the key technology to building an efficient information management system. In this paper, based on the combination of a multi-support vector machine and convolutional neural network, the feature-level data fusion of multi-source heterogeneous big data is implemented, and it is applied to the real data set to test the relevant model. Experimental results show that this method can not only realize heterogeneous integration of big data, but also has high accuracy and reliability.
Downregulated NPAS4 in multiple brain regions is associated with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Selcuk Berkay , Aksu Tuana , Dereli Onur , Adebali Ogün 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a commonly observed psychiatric disorder that affects more than 2% of the world population with a rising trend. However, disease-associated pathways and biomarkers are yet to be fully comprehended. In this study, we analyzed previously generated RNA-seq data across seven different brain regions from three distinct studies to identify differentially and co-expressed genes for patients with MDD. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed that NPAS4 is the only gene downregulated in three different brain regions. Furthermore, co-expressing gene modules responsible for glutamatergic signaling are negatively enriched in these regions. We used the results of both DGE and co-expression analyses to construct a novel MDD-associated pathway. In our model, we propose that disruption in glutamatergic signaling-related pathways might be associated with the downregulation of NPAS4 and many other immediate-early genes (IEGs) that control synaptic plasticity. In addition to DGE analysis, we identified the relative importance of KEGG pathways in discriminating MDD phenotype using a machine learning-based approach. We anticipate that our study will open doors to developing better therapeutic approaches targeting glutamatergic receptors in the treatment of MDD.
Strategy dependent recruitment of distributed cortical circuits during spatial navigation
Authors: Surinach Daniel , Rynes Mathew , Saxena Kapil , Ko Eunsong , Redish A. , Kodandaramaiah Suhasa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Spatial navigation is a complex cognitive process that involves neural computations in distributed regions of the brain. Little is known about how cortical regions are coordinated when animals navigate novel spatial environments or how that coordination changes as environments become familiar. We recorded mesoscale calcium (Ca2+) dynamics across large swathes of the dorsal cortex in mice solving the Barnes maze, a 2D spatial navigation task where mice used random, serial, and spatial search strategies to navigate to the goal. Cortical dynamics exhibited patterns of repeated calcium activity with rapid and abrupt shifts between cortical activation patterns at sub-second time scales. We used a clustering algorithm to decompose the spatial patterns of cortical calcium activity in a low dimensional state space, identifying 7 states, each corresponding to a distinct spatial pattern of cortical activation, sufficient to describe the cortical dynamics across all the mice. When mice used serial or spatial search strategies to navigate to the goal, the frontal regions of the cortex were reliably activated for prolonged durations of time (> 1s) shortly after trial initiation. These frontal cortex activation events coincided with mice approaching the edge of the maze from the center and were preceded by temporal sequences of cortical activation patterns that were distinct for serial and spatial search strategies. In serial search trials, frontal cortex activation events were preceded by activation of the posterior regions of the cortex followed by lateral activation of one hemisphere. In spatial search trials, frontal cortical events were preceded by activation of posterior regions of the cortex followed by broad activation of the lateral regions of the cortex. Our results delineated cortical components that differentiate goal- and non-goal oriented spatial navigation strategies.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Technique for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Classification
Authors: Narayanan K. , Krishnan R. , Robinson Y. , Vimal S. , Kaliappan M. , Rashid Tarik , Alharbi Nesreen , Osman Ahmed , Salih Abdul , Ibrahim Nuha Jameel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Leukemia is a category of cancer that is normally found in blood and bone marrow, and which causes rapid abnormal development in the making of white blood cells than the required amount. The produced white blood cells could be ineffective to fight against harmful infections and can even prejudice or restrict the capability of the bone marrow to generate red blood cells and blood platelets. If this is not diagnosed in the earlier stage, it may start to affect the function of the internal organs and cause death. Normally, entire blood counts image analysis and diagnosis are done manually which is an inaccurate and time-intensive process. In this proposed method the classification is tested with two Machine Learning algorithms which are Hybrid Fuzzy C Means (FCM) and Random Forest algorithm (RF) and Support Vector Machine for the detection and classification of Acute Leukemia disease and their performance was evaluated. Experimental results convey that Hybrid FCM and RF Algorithm attained an accuracy of 99.06%, a sensitivity of 99.4%, and a specificity of 97.8% respectively, and the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve shows that the result produced by the Hybrid FCM & RF based Classifier is best suitable in diagnosing the classification of the Acute Leukemia disease. The tool used for developing the proposed method was Matlab R2018 software.
Fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Third Pole proglacial lake basins
Authors: Zhou Yunqiao , Chen Mengke , Fu Jianjie , Zhu Tingting , Wang Chuanfei , Gong Ping , Wang Lanxiang , Ren Jiao , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How will climate change influence the accumulation of pollutants in remote mountainous lakes? To answer this question, we collected sediment cores from two glacial lakes (one is small and close to glacier, and the other is large and far from glacier) in the Third Pole and quantified deposition fluxes of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The trends of PFAS fluxes broadly correspond with their historical emissions and phase-out. Besides of emission, glacial meltwater strongly impacts the accumulation of PFAS in small lake, while precipitation exhibits great impact on that of big lake. We then optimized a multi-media fugacity model to explore how PFAS transport along proglacial rivers before entering the big lake and found that river sediments intercept ~ 12% of PFAS from glacial meltwater. Impact of proglacial river-sediment on pollutant accumulation have been greatly underestimated, although role of climate was concerned before.
Siltation in the Navigation Channel of Patos Lagoon Estuary, Brazil, Considering the Current Configuration of the Jetties and the Channel
Authors: Silva Marine Jusiane Bastos , Fontoura José Antonio Scotti , Correa Iran Carlos Stalliviere , Serpa Christian Garcia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The sediment dynamics, mainly the deposition processes, is one of the most important aspects concerning ports. Understanding sediment patterns is vital for port management since it supports the search for strategies that minimize siltation or promote more sustainable management. This study aims to assess the morphological characteristics and siltation patterns of the access channel to the Patos Lagoon estuary, after the modifications made in the jetties geometry and in the channel configuration in the late 2000s. The Port of Rio Grande, one of the largest in Brazil, is located on the west margin of the inlet. Bathymetric data provided by the Port Authority from 2015 to 2020 were used to generate digital elevation models and then assess the net sedimentation rates and the evolution of the channel bottom over time. Results indicate a significant variability of net sedimentation rates. The volume of sediment deposited on the channel bottom in approximately one year was roughly 2.5 times greater than that deposited in 2 years and 3 months. The entrance area, covered by rectangles 3B-4C (which represented 34% of the study area), was responsible for about 50% of the net sedimentation volume in both analyzed periods. The area between jetties (3E-4C) showed major net sedimentation rates in both periods. The analysis of the bathymetric data series was effective in evaluating important morphological characteristics of the channel, and it was possible to identify aspects of siltation patterns and obtain yielded unprecedented results.
Phenotypic and RNA-seq profiles identified key pathways and genes involved in gleditsioside biosynthesis in Gleditsia sinensis Lam
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Yuzhang , Xiao Dandan , Chang Fuli , Chen Hui , Wang Chun , Yang Xiaoqian , Fu Tiantian , Liu Yanping , Fan Dingchen , Wang Yanwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Gleditsia sinensis Lam (G. sinensis) is one of the important medicinal herb plant species, and its major bioactive compounds are gleditsioside in pods. The essential economic and medicinal value of gleditsioside has been increasingly recognized. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in the content of gleditsioside during the development of G. sinensis are largely unknown.
Results
In this resrarch, there is a positive relationship between the accumulation of gleditsioside content and the variation of pod length, and we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis involving gleditsioside biosynthesis in the pods of G. sinensis using RNA-seq. 9000 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were found among six development stages of G. sinensis pods. 703 and 162 DEGs participated in terpenoid backbone and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. 99 unigenes were identified, which can encode 17 enzymes, including key enzyme families, such as ENIN, cytochrome P450 (CYP93E1), and UDP-glucosyltransferase in the gleditsioside biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, DEGs encoding crucial enzymes (HMGCR and AGBH) can determine the gleditsioside synthesis during the development of G. sinensis pods. According to the generation of different hormones, 10 pathways have been expanded outward in the gleditsioside synthesis pathway, forming a relationship network together. They shared the same precursor substances (IPP and DMAPP), and the 11 pathways should be inhibitory with the gleditsioside synthesis pathway. In addition, WGCNA analysis was further conducted combined with the phenotype of pods and gleditsioside content. As a result, it was found that Unigene32740 (HMGCS) and CL4789.Contig4 (COL) were involved in the gleditsioside biosynthesis and the pod development, respectively.
Conclusions
Overall, this study shows an important gene resource for the future functional researches and provides new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of the gleditsioside biosynthesic process in G. sinensis.
Anterior vertical control using temporary anchorage devices in bimaxillary protrusion treatment
Authors: Mayahara Kotoe , Kawai Satoru , Fujisaki Tomihiro , Shimizu Noriyoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are used for retraction of the anterior teeth in cases of severe bimaxillary protrusion. There have been a number of studies regarding anterior tooth movement using TADs performed by simulation systems and actual treated materials with sliding mechanics. However, there are few studies regarding anterior tooth movement using TADs treated by loop mechanics The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TADs in anterior tooth movement using loop mechanics performed actual cases of bimaxillary protrusion.
Methods:
This study was performed in 20 adult patients with severe bimaxillary protrusion treated with four bicuspid extraction with sliding or loop mechanics using TADs. The skeletal and denture patterns, as well as the soft tissue profile from pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms, were compared between sliding and closing loop mechanics.
Results:
The use of TADs is useful to retraction of anterior teeth without molar anchorage loss. in sliding and loop mechanics. The upper anterior teeth were less tipped and lower anterior teeth were more upright resulting in less clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane in loop mechanics compared sliding mechanics.
Conclusion:
Towing the upper anterior teeth at the same height from TADs prevents clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane in loop mechanics, likely because of effective intrusion and lingual root tipping of the upper anterior teeth by pulling the closing loop from the TADs for activation.
Adapting to Change: How Fish Populations Responds to Ecological Shifts
Authors: Kurtul Irmak , HAUBROCK Phillip J. , Kaya Cuneyt , Kaykac Hakan , Ilhan Ali , Duzbastilar F. Ozan , Tosunoglu Zafer , Sari Hasan , Balzani Paride , Tarkan Ali Serhan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Invasive species are a significant threat to natural biodiversity and human well-being. Despite becoming more commonly considered in the field of biological invasion, studies using long-term time series from Türkiye`s freshwater resources have remained scarce. To fill this gap, we used nine time series from the highly anthropogenically-altered Lake Bafa in Western Anatolia sampled between 1958 and 2019. We investigate how fish populations in Lake Bafa were affected by environmental changes and examined changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of non-native species over time. The analyses revealed an increase in non-native species richness over time. Non-native species did not interfere with native species' niche space, whereas applied models indicate that in this highly altered ecosystem, foremost temperature and salinity shaped the fish community over time, limiting the impacts of non-native species. These results have implications for the fishery of the lake, which include highly valuable catadromous fish species, highlighting the value and importance of long-term data for the study of freshwater ecology to better understand both invasion dynamics and changes in the naturality of ecosystems. These findings further underline the importance of long-term data to create new management strategies for the lake and start restoration processes, thus improving fisheries management.
Intracellular Calcium links Milk Stasis to Lysosome Dependent Cell Death by Activating a TGFβ3/TFEB/STAT3 Pathway Early during Mammary Gland Involution
Authors: Jeong Jaekwang , Lee Jongwon , Talaia Gabriel , Kim Wonnam , Song Junho , Hong Juhyeon , Yoo Kwangmin , Gonzalez David , Athonvarangkul Diana , Shin Jaehun , Dann Pamela , Haberman Ann , Kim Lark Kyun , Ferguson Shawn , Choi Jungmin , Wysolmerski John 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Involution of the mammary gland after lactation is a dramatic example of coordinated cell death. Weaning causes distension of the alveolar structures due to the accumulation of milk, which, in turn, activates STAT3 and initiates a caspase-independent but lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) pathway. Although the importance of STAT3 and LDCD in early mammary involution is well established, it has not been entirely clear how milk stasis activates STAT3. In this report, we demonstrate that protein levels of the PMCA2 calcium pump are significantly downregulated within 2–4 hours of experimental milk stasis. Reductions in PMCA2 expression correlate with an increase in cytoplasmic calciumin vivoas measured by multiphoton intravital imaging of GCaMP6f fluorescence. These events occur concomitant with the appearance of nuclear pSTAT3 expression but prior to significant activation of LDCD or its previously implicated mediators such as LIF, IL6 and TGFβ3, all of which appear to be upregulated by increased intracellular calcium. We also observed that milk stasis, loss of PMCA2 expression and increased intracellular calcium levels activate TFEB, an important regulator of lysosome biogenesis. This is the result of increased TGFβ signaling and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Finally, we demonstrate that increased intracellular calcium activates STAT3 by inducing degradation of its negative regulator, SOCS3, a process which also appears to be mediated by TGFβ signaling. In summary, these data suggest that intracellular calcium serves as an important proximal biochemical signal linking milk stasis to STAT3 activation, increased lysosomal biogenesis, and lysosome-mediated cell death.