bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fraction optimization for hybrid proton‐photon treatment planning
Authors: Li Wangyao , Zhang Weijie , Lin Yuting , Chen Ronald C. , Gao Hao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHybrid proton‐photon radiotherapy (RT) can provide better plan quality than proton or photon only RT, in terms of robustness of target coverage and sparing of organs‐at‐risk (OAR).PurposeThis work develops a hybrid treatment planning method that can optimize the number of proton and photon fractions as well as proton and photon plan variables, so that the hybrid plans can be clinically delivered day‐to‐day using either proton or photon machine.MethodsIn the new hybrid treatment planning method, the total dose distribution (sum of proton dose and photon dose) is optimized for robust target coverage and optimal OAR sparing, by jointly optimizing proton spots and photon fluences, while the target dose uniformity is also enforced individually on both proton dose and photon dose, so that the hybrid plans can be separately and robustly delivered on proton or photon machine. To ensure the target dose uniformity for proton and photon plans, the number of proton and photon fractions is explicitly modeled and optimized, so that the target dose for proton and photon dose components is constrained to be a constant fraction of the total prescription dose while the plan quality based on total dose is optimized. The feasibility of hybrid planning using the proposed method is validated with representative clinical cases including abdomen, lung, head‐and‐neck (HN), and brain.ResultsFor all cases, hybrid plans provided better overall plan quality and OAR sparing than proton‐only or photon‐only plans, better target dose uniformity and robustness than proton‐only plans, quantified by treatment planning objectives and dosimetric parameters. Moreover, for HN and brain cases, hybrid plans also had better target coverage than photon‐only plans.ConclusionsWe have developed a new hybrid treatment planning method that optimizes number of proton and photon fractions as well as proton spots and photon fluences, for generating hybrid plans that can be separately and robustly delivered on proton or photon machines. Preliminary results have demonstrated that hybrid plans generated by the new method have better plan quality than proton‐only or photon‐only plans.
Closed‐form solution of fluid flow in and around a crack disk embedded in a 3D porous medium
Authors: Vu Minh‐Ngoc , Tran Nam Hung , Nguyen Thi Thu Nga , Nguyen‐Sy Tuan , Pham Duc Tho , Trieu Hung Truong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the fluid flow through a porous medium containing intersecting fractures and presents three main analytical findings, namely: (1) mass exchange between fractures and surrounding matrix at the fracture intersection; (2) fluid potential solution (pressure field) within the whole domain under the form of a single singular integral equation; and (3) closed‐form solutions of fluid flow in and around a crack disc under a far field pressure gradient. The crack is represented mathematically by a 2D smooth surface (i.e., zero thickness) within a 3D porous medium, while physically by a constant aperture. The fluid flow within the crack obeys Poisseuille's law, while Darcy's law is used to represent the fluid flow in the surrounding matrix. The general solution of pressure field for the general case of multiple intersecting cracks is firstly derived under a singular integral equation form. The mass exchange between the porous matrix and the crack, as well as the mass conservation at the intersection between cracks are the keys to obtaining this general solution. Then, the general solution is written for the case of a single crack. Rigorous derivation of the latter equation allows obtaining a closed‐form solution of flow through a single crack. Introducing this solution of flow into the general equation gives the pressure field around the crack. The solution derived in this paper for a crack disk with Poisseuille's flow is slightly different from the well‐known Eshelby's solution for the case of flattened inclusion in which the flow obeys Darcy's law.
Adapting the program redesign model for a student‐centered curricula renewal in animal science
Authors: Karcher Elizabeth L. , Wardwell Brianna , Ragland Elizabeth , York Ashley , Machaty Zoltan , Stewart Kara , Radcliffe Scott , Lott Erica A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDepartmental‐level curricular redesign is a vital issue in higher education, especially as departments work to move toward more student‐centered teaching and learning environments. However, there is a lack of guidance on the steps to take or potential solutions to challenges faced by faculty and departments undergoing the curricular redesign process. While there are studies that share frameworks and different processes, there are few approaches that emphasize student‐centered learning, as well as being flexible, theory‐based, and data driven. In this paper, we share an overview of an adapted curricular design framework and the detailed process a Department of Animal Sciences is taking to approach departmental curricular redesign. We highlight items to consider prior to beginning a department level curricular redesign, the challenges, potential solutions, and next steps in the process.
Cash may be king, but goods are queen: Marketing for noncash donations by nonprofit organizations
Authors: Johnson Brian Lee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo thrive and survive, nonprofit organizations should always seek new sources of donations. Although many of these entities are laser‐focused on obtaining cash and other similar forms of funds from their donors, they should not forget the abundant donation type that is also available to them: noncash goods. The process of marketing to donors for these goods is unique compared to fundraising for cash. Consequently, the goal of this study is multifaceted: to remind nonprofit organizations of the availability of noncash goods as a donation source, encourage them to unlock this trove through marketing, and provide them with recommendations on how to do so.
Circadian rhythm parameters and physical activity associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in the PREVIEW lifestyle study
Authors: Westerterp‐Plantenga Margriet S. , Drummen Mathijs , Tischmann Lea , Swindell Nils , Stratton Gareth , Raben Anne , Westerterp Marit , Adam Tanja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was an assessment of post hoc associations among circadian rhythm parameters, physical activity (PA), and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity and prediabetes after 3 years of weight loss maintenance.MethodsCircadian rhythm parameters (continuous wrist‐temperature measurements), PA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined in 91 free‐living participants (mean [SD], age = 56.6 [10] years; BMI = 28.2 [4.0]; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR] = 3.2 [3.1]) and in 38 participants in sedentary respiration chamber conditions (age = 56.6 [10] years; BMI = 28.5 [4.0]; HOMA‐IR = 3.3 [1.4]). Associations of circadian rhythm parameters and PA with cardiometabolic risk factors were determined using factor analyses followed by Pearson correlations.ResultsValues of cardiometabolic risk factors were similar, whereas circadian rhythm parameters and PA differed significantly (p < 0.05) between conditions. In both conditions, parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm associated inversely with CRP and positively with plasma HDL‐C concentrations. In free‐living conditions, PA associated inversely with SBP and HR and positively with HDL‐C and robust circadian rhythm parameters. In sedentary conditions, PA associated positively with HR and inversely with robust circadian rhythm parameters. PA mediated the inverse association of parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm with SBP in free‐living conditions.ConclusionsIn adults with obesity and prediabetes, parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm were, independently of PA, associated with lower cardiometabolic risk and CRP. Only in free‐living conditions, PA mediated the association of higher circadian stability with lower SBP.
Heterocyclic Synthesis of Crowded Aposafranones: Structure of 1‐Methyl‐8‐dimethylamino‐10‐phenylphenazin‐2‐(10H)one and Related Compounds
Authors: Plater M. John , Harrison William T. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOxidative condensation of three p‐phenylenediamines with 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐N‐(phenylamino)benzene gives new coloured aposafranones. 2‐Methylresorcinol is easy to convert into the asymmetric building block 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐N‐(phenylamino)benzene with aniline. The aposafranones are sterically crowded because of the 1‐methyl and N‐phenyl groups. The UV/Vis absorption maxima are in the range 530–545 nm.
Intra‐oral gingival massage activates human cerebral prefrontal cortex and enhances cognitive performance
Authors: Rikimaru Tetsuya , Okura Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimOral care is associated with improved quality of life and changing cognitive performance in daily life. The association of trigeminal nerve‐stimulatory oral care methods, such as tooth brushing and intra‐oral cold stimuli, with cerebral activation has been studied. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of intra‐oral gingival massage on the cerebral prefrontal cortex (PFC) region activation and the changes in cognitive performance.MethodsA total of 18 men participated in this study. Near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to acquire data on the cerebral hemoglobin concentrations. Cognitive function was determined using the Stroop cognitive test performed with and without intra‐oral gingival massage stimulus.ResultsParticipants who performed intra‐oral gingival massage showed significantly increased blood flow in the cerebral PFC region, including the left dorsolateral PFC (DL‐PFC) region, compared with those who mimicked the movements of the gingival massage (control group) (p = 0.0104 by Wilcoxon signed rank method). Furthermore, gingival massage showed a significant association with increased cognitive performance (p < 0.0001 by Wilcoxon signed rank method) that coincided with the enhanced left DL‐PFC region activation (p = 0.039 by Fisher's exact probability test).ConclusionIntra‐oral gingival massage activated the cerebral PFC regions correlating with enhanced cognitive performance, suggesting that gingival massage may help improve cognitive performance.
A simple melt blending method for preparing PP/HMSPP foaming composites with superior surface appearance and mechanical performance
Authors: You Yujing , Jiang Tuanhui , Liu Bujin , Xing Jinfu , Yang Jingkui , Zeng Xiangbu , Zhang Chun , Gong Wei , He Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncreasing mold temperature is effective to improve the surface quality of injection molding foamed products, but high mold temperature often leads to deteriorative cellular quality. Based on this, the polypropylene/high melt strength polypropylene (PP/HMSPP) composites with temperature insensitivity were prepared by a simple melt blending method, the rheological behavior and crystallization behavior of PP/HMSPP composites were studied by rotational rheometer and DSC at different cooling rates, respectively. In addition, foamed PP/HMSPP composites were prepared by chemical foaming injection molding, and their cellular quality, surface quality, and mechanical properties were analyzed. The results showed that when the content of HMSPP came to 50 wt%, the effect of the cooling rate on the rheological behavior of PP/HMSPP composites could be ignored. Furthermore, when the mold temperature increased from 60 to 120°C, the surface quality increased significantly, with the average cell diameter only increasing from 15.92 μm to 19.03 μm, and the cell density decreasing from 2.3 × 107 cells/cm3 to 1.9 × 107 cells/cm3. The tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength were maintained at 24.15 MPa, 38.11 MPa, and 3.24 kJ/m2, respectively. This temperature‐insensitive PP/HMSPP composite foaming material can be used as guidance for the industrial stable production of PP injection molding chemical foaming. And this work suggested new thinking for future research on the modification of other polymer foam products at a high mold temperature.
Effect of carbon fiber surface properties on carbon fiber/polyphenylene sulfide composite interfacial property
Authors: Yu Lei , Wang Kai , Guan Yanfei , Liu Zhaobo , Sun Mingchen , Zhao Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite shows extraordinary thermal stability, chemical resistance, and processability. The interface between CF and PPS transfers the load, and its properties are crucial to determine composite properties such as mechanical performance, reliability, and so forth. This work explores the relationship between surface properties of CFs (with/without sizing layer) and the interfacial properties of CF/PPS composite. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope were employed to evaluate surface physicochemical properties of CFs, and reveal the increasing roughness and decreasing content of functional groups on the CF surface after desizing. Inverse gas chromatography and dynamic contact angle tests were adopted to characterize the surface energy of CFs, and present that the dispersive component of surface energy increases, while the polar component decreases, and the total surface energy is barely changed after desizing. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement reveals the increasing crystallinity of CF/PPS after CF desizing. Microbond test was performed to analyze interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF/PPS, displays that IFSS keeps almost constant after CF desizing. The results demonstrate that the surface energy of CF is important to the interfacial crystallinity, but not the critical factor for interfacial strength of CF/PPS composite.
Investigating the effect of zirconium‐based and titanium‐based metal–organic frameworks nanoparticles on the performance of polysulfone hollow fiber mixed matrix membrane for dialysis application
Authors: Tarkhani Mehdi , Mousavi Seyyed Abbas , Asadollahi Mahdieh , Bastani Dariush , Pourasad Fatemeh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate polysulfone (PSF) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) properties containing zirconium‐based and titanium‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). for hemodialysis application. The nanoparticles were synthesized, and the membranes were produced by the phase inversion method. Membrane characterization conducted by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), field emission Scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the presence of MOF nanoparticles. Also, the evaluation of the specific surface area of nanoparticles was done by BET. The water contact angle reduced from 64.4° to 51.2°, indicating the hydrophilicity improvement, enhancing the pure water flux from 46.8 L/m2h for the pristine membrane to 76.7 L/m2h for the pristine membrane M4. The total fouling resistance decreased from 30% to 21%, and the bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption of modified membranes was lower than that of the pristine membrane. Urea and creatinine were cleared significantly for modified ones, up to 82.6% and 72.1%, respectively, and all membranes showed BSA retention of more than 93%. A comparison between MMMs that contained UIO‐66‐NH2 and MIL‐125‐NH2 showed that the former had a better effect on the performance. M4 had better results, indicating high water flux, the lowest fouling resistance, high porosity, lower BSA adsorption, proper clearance for urea and creatinine, and 94.2% BSA retention.
Applying single‐cell highly multiplexed secretome proteomics to characterize immunotherapeutic products and predict clinical responses
Authors: Ni Weiming , Han Edward X. , Cyr Matthew , Mackay Sean , Zhou Jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenetically and phenotypically identical immune cell populations can be highly heterogenous in terms of their immune functions and protein secretion profiles. The microfluidic chip‐based single‐cell highly multiplexed secretome proteomics enables characterization of cellular heterogeneity of immune responses at different cellular and molecular layers. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that polyfunctional T cells that simultaneously produce 2+ proteins per cell at the single‐cell level are key effector cells that contribute to the development of potent and durable cellular immunity against pathogens and cancers. The functional proteomic technology offers a wide spectrum of cellular function assessment and can uniquely define highly polyfunctional cell subsets with cytokine signatures from live individual cells. This high‐dimensional single‐cell analysis provides deep dissection into functional heterogeneity and helps identify predictive biomarkers and potential correlates that are crucial for immunotherapeutic product design optimization and personalized immunotherapy development to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Synthesis of air‐stable poly(benzonorbornadiene)s via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Lee Huijin , Kim Cheoljae 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, air‐stable poly(benzonorbornadiene) was synthesized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. Conventional poly(benzonorbornadiene) easily decomposed in the presence of molecular oxygen owing to the generation of radicals at allylic and benzylic hydrogens. However, our sterically bulky aryl‐group substituents of polymers physically blocked the access of oxygen at these positions. The resulting polymers preserved their backbones for more than 2 weeks in air. Postmodification of bromophenyl‐substituted polymer successfully afforded the expanded aryl substituted polymer by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling with phenylboronic acid in the presence of Pd catalyst. With this highly air‐stable polymers, development of fully conjugated all‐carbon polymer is currently being studied.
Remodeling of white adipose tissue microenvironment against obesity by phytochemicals
Authors: Ke Shuwei , Hu Qingyuan , Zhu Guanyao , Li Linghuan , Sun Xuechao , Cheng Hongbin , Li Lingqiao , Yao Yuanfa , Li Hanbing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObesity is a kind of chronic disease due to a long‐term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In recent years, the number of obese people around the world has soared, and obesity problem should not be underestimated. Obesity is characterized by changes in the adipose microenvironment, mainly manifested as hypertrophy, chronic inflammatory status, hypoxia, and fibrosis, thus contributing to the pathological changes of other tissues. A plethora of phytochemicals have been found to improve adipose microenvironment, thus prevent and resist obesity, providing a new research direction for the treatment of obesity and related diseases. This paper discusses remodeling of the adipose tissue microenvironment as a therapeutic avenue and reviews the progress of phytochemicals in fighting obesity by improving the adipose microenvironment.
Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) intake on human serum lipid profile: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salih Alaa Kassar , Alwan Ala Hadi , Khadim Murad , Al‐qaim Zahraa Haleem , Mardanov Bobosher , El‐Sehrwy Amr A. , Ahmed Yousief Irshad , Amerizadeh Atefeh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Effect of ginger supplementation on lipid profile in humans remains controversial particularly in diabetic patients. A systematic search was performed covering PubMed, Medline, and Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), and Google scholar from January 2010 to January 2022. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) study design, at least one of lipid profile components triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐C) measured before and after ginger consumption. For quantitative data synthesis, a random‐effects model was applied. Pooled data showed that ginger intake reduced TC (SMD −0.44; 95% CI: −0.86, −0.02; p = 0.025) and TG (SMD ‐0.61; 95% CI: −1.14, −0.08; p = 0.024) levels significantly, but it has no significant effect on improving HDL‐C (SMD 0.40; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.80; p = 0.057) and LDL‐C (SMD −0.34; 95% CI: −0.81, 0.13; p = 0.153). Ginger supplementation decreased TG in obese and diabetic subjects more efficiently. In terms of ginger dose, the result of meta‐regression found to be significant only for TC, so that increasing daily doses of ginger reduces TC levels by (β: −0.67; 95% CI: −1.28, −0.07; p = 0.028). Therefore, ginger could be considered as an effective lipid lowering nutraceuticals.
Theoretical NMR and IR spectroscopic analyses of the preferred conformers of the neurotransmitter anandamide
Authors: Castro María Eugenia , Rangel‐Galván Maricruz , Dávila Eliud Morales , Caballero Norma A. , Melendez Francisco J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnandamide, an endogenous fatty acid, displays a wide conformational space due to the nature of its chemical structure, particularly its polyunsaturated aliphatic chain component (omega‐6 fatty acid). Six main minima are considered after a conformational search based on the MM+ method, namely, extended shape, U‐shape, and hairpin shape with either an open or a closed conformation of the ethanolamide (EA) ring. For these six conformers, DFT calculations were performed to theoretically characterize their structural stability, NMR and IR spectroscopic, and electronic properties using the BP86/cc‐pVTZ level of theory with the solute‐implicit solvent model PCM. DLPNO‐CCSD(T) level of theory was used for comparison with DFT results. Our results indicate that the conformers with closed EA ring are more stable than their corresponding open ring counterparts. With the NMR and IR spectroscopies was characterized the formation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in the closed conformers of the EA ring. The electronic properties investigated include the calculation of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and the natural bond orbitals (NBO). Additionally, the multiscale ONIOM QM1/QM2 model was used to simulate a solute‐explicit solvent system and molecular dynamics simulations were used to simulate the anandamide systems embedded in a hydrated symmetric POPC membrane and in aqueous solution. The results suggest that alkyl‐middle and EA groups in anandamide may play an important role in the ligand‐receptor interaction.