bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, safety and clinical outcome associated with statin use for primary prevention in Korean patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≥ 190 mg/dL: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Hack-Lyoung , Lim Woo-Hyun , Seo Jae-Bin , Zo Joo-Hee , Kim Myung-A , Kim Sang-Hyun 
Published: June 2023

Background
Although the current guideline recommends the use of high-intensity statin to reduce the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level by 50% in patients with baseline value of ≥ 190 mg/dL, direct application of this recommendation to Asian populations is still questionable. This study was performed to investigate the statin response of LDL-C in Korean patients with LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL.

Methods
A total of 1,075 Korean patients (age 60.7 ± 12.2 years, women 68%) with baseline LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL without cardiovascular disease was retrospectively reviewed. Lipid profiles at 6 months, side effects and clinical outcomes during the follow-up period after statin treatment were assessed according to statin intensity.

Results
Most of the patients (76.3%) were treated with moderate-intensity statins, 11.4% with high-intensity statins, and 12.3% with a statin + ezetimibe. The reductions in LDL-C percentage at 6 months were 48.0%, 56.0% and 53.3% in patients treated with moderate-intensity statins, high-intensity statins and statin + ezetimibe, respectively (P < 0.001). Side effects requiring dose reduction, medication switch or drug interruption were observed in 1.3%, 4.9% and 2.3% of patients treated with moderate-intensity statin, high-intensity statin and statin + ezetimibe, respectively (P = 0.024). During the median follow-duration of 815 days (interquartile range, 408–1,361 days), the incidences of cardiovascular events were not different among the 3 groups (log-rank P = 0.823).

Conclusions
Compared to high-intensity statin, moderate-intensity statin was effective enough in reaching target goal of LDL-C without increase in cardiovascular risk and with fewer side effects in Korean patients with LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL.
Childhood adversities and rate of adulthood all-cause hospitalization in the general population: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bhattarai Asmita , Dimitropoulos Gina , Bulloch Andrew G. M. , Tough Suzanne C. , Patten Scott B. 
Published: June 2023

Objective
The study examined the association between specific childhood adversities and rate of all-cause hospitalization in adulthood in a large sample of the general population and assessed whether adult socioeconomic and health-related factors mediate those associations.

Methods
We used linked data available from Statistics Canada i.e., the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS-2005) linked to Discharge Abstract Database (DAD 2005–2017) and Canadian Vital Statistics Database (CVSD 2005–2017). CCHS-2005 measured self-reported exposure to childhood adversities, namely prolonged hospitalization, parental divorce, parental unemployment, prolonged trauma, parental substance use, physical abuse, and being sent away from home for wrongdoing, from a sample of household residents aged 18 years and above (n = 11,340). The number and causes of hospitalization were derived from linkage with DAD. Negative binomial regression was used to characterize the association between childhood adversities and the rate of hospitalization and to identify potential mediators between them.

Results
During the 12-year follow-up, 37,080 hospitalizations occurred among the respondents, and there were 2,030 deaths. Exposure to at least one childhood adversity and specific adversities (except parental divorce) were significantly associated with the hospitalization rate among people below 65 years. The associations (except for physical abuse) were attenuated when adjusted for one or more of the adulthood factors such as depression, restriction of activity, smoking, chronic conditions, poor perceived health, obesity, unmet health care needs, poor education, and unemployment, observations that are consistent with mediation effects. The associations were not significant among those aged 65 and above.

Conclusion
Childhood adversities significantly increased the rate of hospitalization in young and middle adulthood, and the effect was potentially mediated by adulthood socioeconomic status and health and health care access related factors. Health care overutilization may be reduced through primary prevention of childhood adversities and intervention on those potentially mediating pathways such as improving adulthood socioeconomic circumstances and lifestyle modifications.
Varied Trainee Competence in Cold Snare Polypectomy: Results of the COMPLETE Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaltenbach Tonya , Patel Swati G. , Nguyen-Vu Tiffany , Malvar Carmel , Keswani Rajesh N. , Hall Matt , Aagaard Eva , Asokkumar Ravishankar , Chin Yung Ka , Hammad Hazem , Rastogi Amit , Shergill Amandeep , Simon Violette , Soetikno Alan , Soetikno Roy , Wani Sachin 
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is strongly recommended as the optimal technique for the complete removal of small polyps. Though significant variability in polypectomy technique and quality has been established, the learning curve and impact of targeted training on CSP are unknown. Video feedback has shown promise as an effective pedagogy to improve performance among surgical trainees. We aimed to compare CSP performance between trainees who received video-based feedback and those who received conventional apprentice-based concurrent feedback. We hypothesized that video-based feedback would accelerate competence.

METHODS:
We conducted a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial on competence for CSP of polyps <1 cm, comparing video-based feedback with conventional feedback. We randomly assigned deidentified consecutively recorded CSP videos to blinded raters to assess using the CSP Assessment Tool. We shared cumulative sum learning curves every 25 CSP with each trainee. The video feedback trainees also received biweekly individualized terminal feedback. Control trainees received conventional feedback during colonoscopy. The primary outcome was CSP competence. We also assessed competence across domains and change over polypectomy volume.

RESULTS:
We enrolled and randomized 22 trainees, 12 to video-based feedback and 10 to conventional feedback, and evaluated 2,339 CSP. The learning curve was long; 2 trainees (16.7%) in the video feedback achieved competence, after a mean of 135 polyps, and no one in the control (P = 0.481) achieved competence. Overall and in all steps of CSP, a higher percentage of the video feedback group met competence, increasing 3% every 20 CSP (P = 0.0004).

DISCUSSION:
Video feedback aided trainees to competence in CSP. However, the learning curve was long. Our findings strongly suggest that current training methods are not sufficient to support trainees to competency by the completion of their fellowship programs. The impact of new training methods, such as simulation-based mastery learning, should be assessed to determine whether such methods can result in achievement of competence at a faster rate; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03115008.
The House Freedom Caucus, Kevin McCarthy’s Race for Speaker, and the Fate of Rules Reform in the 118th Congress
Authors: Baer Emily 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor the first time in one hundred years, the 118th Congress began with a prolonged Speaker’s race that required fifteen ballots to elect a Speaker. The contentious Republican debate displayed a level of personal animosity between a faction – the House Freedom Caucus (HFC) – and the majority party’s chosen leader – Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) – but it also revealed a series of significant divisions within the majority party over policy, and legislative norms and practices. How do different strategies shape the capacity of factions to spur formal changes to legislative institutions? How do party leaders respond to the demands of factions that raise issues threatening to party unity and their own leadership position? In this article, I analyze the composition of defectors in the Speaker’s race, the status of their rule and procedural reform agenda, and the response by McCarthy, including to committee assignments and early use of restrictive rules in the 118th Congress. I conclude with a discussion of the consequences of the HFC strategy for the contemporary U.S. House, and an emerging need to expand theories of institutional change to better integrate the behavior of both party leaders and factions.
Tillage intensity by organic fertilization interaction on sunflower performance and some soil properties
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Sabaghnia Naser 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A field trail was performed to study the impacts of soil tillage system and some organic and inorganic fertilizers treatments on sunflower performance and soil characteristics in the semi-arid region across 2015–2016 growing season. The tillage systems were (T1) conventional tillage, and (T2) reduced tillage while the fertilizer treatments were (F1) control, (F2) 20 t ha−1 farmyard manure, (F3) 40 t ha−1 farmyard manure, (F4) 20 t ha−1 farmyard manure plus 50:25:25 kg ha−1 NPK, (F5) 100:50:50 kg ha−1 NPK. The two-way entry (treatment) by tester (trait) biplot tool, described 84 % of the observed variability (68 % and 16 % by the first two principal components, respectively). The which-wins-where pattern, showed six vertex treatment (tillage system × fertilizer type) as: T1-F1 which had the highest values for bulk density; T1-F3 which had the highest values for days to maturity, organic matter and root depth; T1-F5 which had the highest values for soil phosphorus and harvest index; T2-F1 which had the highest values for mean emergence time; T2-F3 which had the highest values for soil potassium and achene yield; and T2-F4 which had the highest values for soil nitrogen. The ideal treatment pattern indicated that T2-F4 was the best treatment combination. We found that the best performance for sunflower achene yield was obtained with using reduced tillage system plus F3 or F4 fertilizer treatments. Finally, application no fertilizer or using only chemical fertilizers could not improve sunflower performance in both tillage systems.
What makes Mormons laugh
Authors: Hale Adrian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a minority in the USA and globally, Mormons (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saintsis also known as the ‘Mormon Church’, and its members are typically called ‘Mormons’, ‘Latter Day Saints’ or ‘LDS’. This paper uses its preferred abbreviations – ‘the Church’ and ‘Latter-day Saints’) and their distinctive religious doctrines/practices have for 190+ years been publicly ridiculed. Typically, they have responded to mockery with tolerance and, occasionally, good-natured humor of their own (Hale, Adrian. 2021a. Do Mormons think The Book of Mormon is funny?HUMOR34. 659–677, Hale, Adrian. 2021b. Mormon reactions to The Book of Mormon.Comedy Studies12(2). 186–202). However, little is known about Latter-day Saints’ humor, and they have a reputation for being conservative, dour, and pious (Wilson, William A. 1985. The seriousness of Mormon humor.Sunstone10. 6–13). This paper views this situation as regrettable, since humor can function as a great social leveler, and knowing more about minorities’ humor practices can generate social bridges. This paper therefore seeks to overturn some preconceptions by reporting on an exploratory survey (The survey received Institutional and National ethics approval: HREC Approval Number: H14364) of 131 Latter-day Saints across various nations, to find out what makes them laugh. Results indicate that the Latter-day Saints’ sense of humor seems to be, like the membership itself, livelier and more diverse than their reputation might suggest.
The Higman operations and embeddings of recursive groups
Authors: Mikaelian Vahagn H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the context of Higman embeddings of recursive groups into finitely presented groups, we suggest an approach, termed the 𝐻-machine, which for certain wide classes of groups allows constructive Higman embeddings of recursive groups into finitely presented groups.
The approach is based on Higman operations, and it explicitly constructs some specific recursively enumerable sets of integer sequences arising during the embeddings.
Specific auxiliary operations are introduced to make the work with Higman operations a simpler and more intuitive procedure.
Also, an automated mechanism of constructive embeddings of countable groups into 2-generator groups preserving certain “patterns” is mentioned.
The first identification of Tula orthohantavirus in forest dormice (Rodentia: Gliridae) from Iran
Authors: Mahmoudi Ahmad , Mostafavi Ehsan , Mohammadi Ali , Jalali Tahmineh , Denys Christiane , Nicolas Violaine , Hugot Jean-Pierre , Lalis Aude , Salehi-Vaziri Mostafa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are a group of zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe and potentially fatal syndromes in humans. Although orthohantaviruses have been documented in Iran, little is known about their potential reservoirs in the country. The present study constitutes the first attempt to detect orthohantavirus infections in rodents in Iran. Sampling was performed in the East Azerbaijan province, during October 2017 and June 2018. To detect orthohantavirus infection, we performed a Pan-hantavirus nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction targeting the large segment of the viral genome using consensus primers on lung tissue samples. We identified Tula orthohantavirus for the first time in Iran and from Dryomys nitedula sensu lato (s.l.) (Gliridae), a non-muroid host. There are two possible interpretations for this finding: an interspecies spillover or the presence of a broader primary host/reservoir list. However, at present, we do not advocate for either interpretation, but instead, argue for further accumulation of relevant data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between the Tula orthohantavirus identified in this study and those detected in Turkey. Nevertheless, comprehensive field studies, as well as full-length sequence analyses, are required to gain a better understanding of the potential reservoirs, ecology, and epidemiological cycle of the virus in Iran.
The future role of facial image analysis in ACMG classification guidelines
Authors: Lesmann Hellen , Klinkhammer Hannah , M. Krawitz Prof. Dr. med. Dipl. Phys. Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has dramatically improved the diagnosis of rare diseases. However, the analysis of genomic data has become complex with the increasing detection of variants by exome and genome sequencing. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) developed a 5-tier classification scheme in 2015 for variant interpretation, that has since been widely adopted. Despite efforts to minimise discrepancies in the application of these criteria, inconsistencies still occur. Further specifications for individual genes were developed by Variant Curation Expert Panels (VCEPs) of the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) consortium, that also take into consideration gene or disease specific features. For instance, in disorders with a highly characerstic facial gestalt a “phenotypic match” (PP4) has higher pathogenic evidence than e.g. in a non-syndromic form of intellectual disability. With computational approaches for quantifying the similarity of dysmorphic features results of such analysis can now be used in a refined Bayesian framework for the ACMG/AMP criteria.
Lithium fluoroarylsilylamides and their structural features
Authors: Mohan Sakshi , Al Ayi Yahya , Anandaraj Savarithai Jenani Louis , Cordier Marie , Roisnel Thierry , Carpentier Jean-François , Sarazin Yann 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to probe the role of Li⋯F interactions toward the stabilisation of low-coordinate lithium complexes, the four fluoroarylsilylamides [LiN(SiMe3)(2-C6H4F)] (1-Li), [LiN(SiMe3)(2,6-C6H3F2)] (2-Li), [LiN(SiMe3)(C6F5)] (3-Li), and [LiN(SiMe2H)(2-C6H4F)] (4-Li) have been synthesised in high yields by deprotonation of the parent amines with nBuLi. They have been comprehensively characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and complete assignments were achieved with the help of 2D NMR data. The molecular solid-state structures of [(2-Li)2]∞, [3-Li·Et

2

O]2, and [4-Li]8 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They feature unusual coordination patterns, notably for the formation of the polymeric [(2-Li)2]∞ and a unique octagonal, crown-like [4-Li]8. In both structures, the role of Li⋯F non-covalent interactions was the key toward the building of the final architecture. It is shown that Li–F and C–F interatomic distances, along with |1
J
C,F| coupling constants, can be used as qualitative tools for the evaluation of the presence and relative strength of Li⋯F contacts.
Wrongful Convictions in Summary Proceedings: a Comparison of Penal Orders in France, Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Enescu Raluca 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Summary proceedings and especially penal orders have become increasingly relevant in criminal justice systems across Europe. The prosecution holds significant power and convictions cannot guarantee that defendants understand their judgment. This contribution compares laws and empirical data on penal orders in France, Germany and Switzerland, with a focus on the role of the prosecution and the rights of the defence. I argue that while penal orders offer an efficient way of processing minor crimes, they also pose a high risk of erroneous sanctions and wrongful convictions. The contribution concludes that in order to protect the rights of the defence, the balance of power between the prosecution and the defendant needs to be improved by granting a hearing before a judgment is rendered, and by translating the penal order and delivering it in judicial appointments. The findings provide valuable insights into the need for continued reform in the area of summary proceedings.
Dynamic tuning of optical absorbance and structural color of VO2-based metasurface
Authors: Cheng Tao , Ma Yukuan , Zhao Huanhuan , Fei Tianhao , Liu Linhua , Yang Jia-Yue 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an attractive thermal-control material exhibiting low thermal hysteresis and excellent temperature cycling performance. However, the deficiencies including weak spectral shift and narrow-band absorption during insulating-metallic transitions hinder its application in optoelectronics. The transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can provide a promising solution with their high dielectric properties and robust optical coupling. Here, we report a MoS2/VO2/Au/Si metasurface and investigate the dynamic tunability of its optical absorbance and structural color upon heating via spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and numerical simulations. The first-principles calculations reveal that the dielectric absorptions of metallic and insulating VO2 oppositely response to temperature, closely related to the difference in the transitions of O-2p states. Finite-element simulations reveal that the introduction of MoS2 nanostructure induces more absorption peaks by 2∼3 and achieves strong absorption in the full wavelength range of visible light. The Fabry–Perot (F–P) resonance is the critical factor for the optimized optical absorption. The structural color is sensitive to environmental perturbations at high-ε state of VO2, lower oblique incidence angles, and heights of MoS2. This work seeks to facilitate the spectral modulation of phase change metamaterials and can be extended to photoelectric detection and temperature sensing applications.
All-optical nonvolatile optical modulator for in-fiber operation
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Li Xiang , Cheng Siying , Li Yaru , Jin Wei , Zhang Yu , Qin Yifan , Zhang Yaxun , Li Shanshan , Lotnyk Andriy , Yuan Libo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The control of information is a defining feature of the information age, and the optical modulator likewise has a crucial role in optical networks. The transmission, processing, and storage of data have demanded low energy consumption and high speed for photonic systems, promoting the development of electro-optic modulators to all-optical modulators. Although these all-optical modulation methods eliminate the photoelectric conversion, the disadvantage of volatile materials requiring continuous power supply when processing and retaining data in new materials-based devices increase energy consumption. We propose a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) integrated all-optical, nonvolatile optical modulator for in-fiber operation. The pulse-induced GST phase transition changes the reflectivity of the fiber end face, and this difference affects the result of the interference, achieving a modulation of output light intensity in interference spectra. The experimental results reveal that the device has obtained 13 dB interference intensity contrast in the telecommunications bands, and its response to a pump pulse is around 100 ns. Furthermore, we demonstrated the operation of the device as a scalar multiplication unit and a logic operation unit. The signal can be transmitted, processed, and stored in the fiber without photoelectric conversion. With the benefits of the switching power consumption of less than 100 nJ and the nonvolatile nature of GST, the device will be more energy-efficient in synchronous processing and storing. This in-fiber operating modulator lays the foundation for developing all-optical devices and networks.
Optimizing condition monitoring of ball bearings: An integrated approach using decision tree and extreme learning machine for effective decision-making
Authors: Euldji Riadh , Bouamhdi Mouloud , Rebhi Redha , Bachene Mourad , Ikumapayi Omolayo M. , Al-Dujaili Ayad Q. , Abdulkareem Ahmed I. , Humaidi Amjad J. , Menni Younes 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article presents a study on condition monitoring and predictive maintenance, highlighting the importance of tracking ball bearing condition to estimate their Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The study proposes a methodology that combines three algorithms, namely Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), Decision Tree (DT), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), to extract pertinent features and estimate RUL using vibration signals. To improve the accuracy of the method, the VMD algorithm is used to reduce noise from the original vibration signals. The DT algorithm is then employed to extract relevant features, which are fed into the ELM algorithm to estimate the RUL of the ball bearings. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated using ball bearing data sets from the PRONOSTIA platform. Overall, the results demonstrate that the suggested methodology successfully tracks the ball bearing condition and estimates RUL using vibration signals. This study provides valuable insights into the development of predictive maintenance systems that can assist decision-makers in planning maintenance activities. Further research could explore the potential of this methodology in other industrial applications and under different operating conditions.
On the multi-component Heisenberg supermagnet models in (1+1) and (2+1)-dimensions
Authors: Gao Mengyang , Yan Zhaowen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Heisenberg supermagnet model is a significant supersymmetric integrable model which is the superextension of the Heisenberg ferromagnet model. This paper is concerned with the construction of the multi-component (1+1) and (2+1)-dimensional Heisenberg supermagnet models with two distinct quadratic constraints of the superspin variables. In terms of the multi-component gauge transformation, we construct their multi-component gauge equivalent counterparts, i.e., the multi-component (1+1) and (2+1)-dimensional super nonlinear Schrödinger equations and fermionic nonlinear Schrödinger equations, respectively.