bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor-derived Transmission of Hepatitis A Virus Following Kidney Transplantation: Clinical Course of Two Cases From One Donor
Authors: Jones Jefferson M. , Agarwal Avinash , Moorman Anne C. , Hofmeister Megan G. , Hulse John C. , Meneveau Max O. , Mixon-Hayden Tonya , Ramachandran Sumathi , Jones Christopher M. , Kellner Stephanie , Ferrell Daniel , Sifri Costi D. 
Published: July 2023

Background.
Donor-derived transmission of infections is a rare complication of kidney transplant. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, but donor-derived transmission to organ recipients has been reported in the literature only twice previously. The timeline for HAV incubation and clearance in transplant recipients is not well understood.

Methods.
In 2018, 2 kidneys and a liver were procured from a deceased donor resident of Kentucky, one of many states that was experiencing an HAV outbreak associated with person-to-person transmission through close contact, primarily among people who reported drug use. Both kidney recipients, residents of Virginia, subsequently developed acute HAV infections. We report the results of an investigation to determine the source of transmission and describe the clinical course of HAV infection in the infected kidney recipients.

Results.
The liver recipient had evidence of immunity to HAV and did not become infected. The donor and both kidney recipients were found to have a genetically identical strain of HAV using a next-generation sequencing-based cyber molecular assay (Global Hepatitis Outbreak Surveillance Technology), confirming donor-derived HAV infections in kidney recipients. At least 1 kidney recipient experienced delayed development of detectable hepatitis A anti-IgM antibodies. By 383 and 198 d posttransplant, HAV RNA was no longer detectable in stool specimens from the left and right kidney recipients, respectively.

Conclusions.
Adherence to current guidance for hepatitis A vaccination may prevent future morbidity due to HAV among organ recipients. http://links.lww.com/TXD/A548
Nationally representative prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) amongst Mexican adults in 2022
Authors: Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , Fermín-Martínez Carlos A. , Fernández-Chirino Luisa , Ramírez-García Daniel , Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Basile-Alvarez Martín Roberto , Castro Paulina Sánchez , Núñez-Luna Alejandra , Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo characterize the epidemiology of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in Mexico during 2022 and identify potential predictors of PASC prevalence using nationally representative data.METHODSWe analyzed data from the 2022 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) totaling 24,434 participants, representing 85,521,661 adults ≥20 years. PASC was defined using both the World Health Organization definition and a PASC score ≥12. Estimates of PASC prevalence were stratified by age, sex, rural vs. urban setting, social lag quartiles, number of reinfections, vaccination status and by periods of predominance of SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants. Predictors of PASC were assessed using logistic regression models adjusted by survey weights.RESULTSPersistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported by 12.44% (95%CI 11.89-12.99) of adults ≥20 years in Mexico during 2022. The most common persistent symptoms were musculoskeletal pain, headache, cough, loss of smell or taste, fever, post-exertional malaise, brain fog, anxiety, chest pain, and sleep disorders. PASC was present in 21.21% (95%CI 7.71-9.65) subjects with previously diagnosed COVID-19. Over 28.6% patients with PASC reported symptoms persistence ≥6 months and 14.05% reported incapacitating symptoms. Higher PASC prevalence was associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, depressive symptoms and living in states with high social lag. PASC prevalence, particularly its more severe forms, decreased with COVID-19 vaccination and for infections during periods of Omicron variant predominance.CONCLUSIONSPASC implies a significant public health burden in Mexico as the COVID-19 pandemic transitions into endemicity. Promoting reinfection prevention and booster vaccination may be useful to reduce PASC burden.
Pretreatment CTP collateral parameters predict good outcomes in successfully recanalized middle cerebral artery distal medium vessel occlusions
Authors: Yedavalli Vivek , Hamam Omar , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Marsh Elisabeth Breese , Llinas Raf , Urrutia Victor , Leigh Richard , Gonzalez Fernando , Xu Risheng , Caplan Justin , Huang Judy , Lu Hanzhang , Wintermark Max , Heit Jeremy , Guenego Adrien , Albers Greg , Nael Kambiz , Hillis Argye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDistal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) account for a large percentage of vessel occlusions resulting in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with disabling symptoms. We aim to assess whether pretreatment CT Perfusion collateral status (CS) parameters can serve as imaging biomarkers for good clinical outcomes prediction in successfully recanalized middle cerebral artery (MCA) DMVOs.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with AIS secondary to primary MCA-DMVOs who were successfully recanalized by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) defined as modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2b, 2c, or 3. We evaluated the association between cerebral blood volume (CBV) index and hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) independently with good clinical outcomes (modified Rankin score (mRS) 0-2) using Spearman rank correlation, logistic regression, and ROC analyses.ResultsFrom 8/22/2018 to 10/18/2022, 60 consecutive patients met our inclusion criteria (mean age 71.2 +– 13.9 years old [mean+-SD], 35 female). CBV index (r = –0.693, p < 0.001) and HIR (0.687, p < 0.001) strongly correlated with 90-day mRS. A CBV index >= 0.7 ((OR 2.27 [6.94 – 21.23], p = 0.001)) and absence of prior stroke (0.13 [0.33 – 0.86]), p = 0.024) were independently associated with good outcomes. ROC analysis demonstrated good performance of CBV Index in predicting good 90-day mRS (AUC 0.73, p = 0.003) with a threshold of 0.7 for optimal sensitivity (71% [52.0-85.8%]) and specificity (76% [54.9 – 90.6%]). HIR also demonstrated adequate performance in predicting good 90-day mRS (AUC 0.77, p = 0.001) with a threshold of 0.3 for optimal sensitivity (64.5% [45.4-80.8%]) and specificity (76.0% [54.9–90.6%]).ConclusionsA CBV index ≥ 0.7 and HIR < 0.3 are independently associated with good clinical outcomes in our cohort of AIS caused by MCA-DMVOs that were successfully treated with MT.
Approximation of bolus arrival time by integrating MR arterial spin labeling and SPECT: theory and clinical application
Authors: Otomo Kazumasa , Sugiyama Shinichiro , Ota Hideki , Sakata Hiroyuki , Endo Hidenori 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging with multiple post-labeling delays (PLDs) provides the bolus arrival time (BAT) as well as cerebral blood flow (CBF) to characterize the cerebral hemodynamics. However, the complexity of data acquisition and processing inhibits the calculation of BAT. We developed a simple method for approximating BAT using single-PLD ASL imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We conducted a proof-of-concept study in patients with carotid artery stenosis.MethodsWe introduced the ASL/SPECT ratio, calculated by dividing the tissue magnetization in pulsed continuous ASL by the CBF measured using SPECT. In theory, the ASL/SPECT ratio has a positive relationship with BAT. Our proof-of-concept study included 63 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in our hospital from 2014 to 2019. After preprocessing the ASL and SPECT datasets using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection, we calculated the ASL/SPECT ratio at each voxel. We investigated the correlation between the preoperative BAT and the postoperative CBF.ResultsWe found a positive correlation between the delay of BAT and the increase rate of CBF in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery territory (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, 0.444; 95% confidence interval, 0.220–0.623; p=0.000269). Four patients (6.3%) presented with hyper-perfusion phenomenon. Visualization of the BAT revealed that the area prone to postoperative hyper-perfusion presented with a delayed preoperative BAT.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the feasibility of the BAT approximated using ASL and SPECT in patients with chronic steno-occlusive cerebrovascular diseases. The proposed concept is also applicable to ASL and any modalities that measure CBF.
Development and validation of the inflammatory bowel disease objective disability index (IBDODI)
Authors: Melcarne Luigi , Brunet Eduard , Villoria Albert , Vergara Mercedes , Puy Anna , Llovet Laura , García-Sague Belen , Valero Oliver , Calvet Xavier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionMany scores aiming to measure Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related disability have been validated. However, they rely mostly on patients’ subjective perceptions, and may, therefore, be biased by them. To obtain a more objective measure of disability, the present study aimed to develop and validate an IBD-related disability index based on objective and measurable variables.MethodsAnswering an online survey, IBD patients reported their officially recognised degree of general and work disability plus a number of objective parameters for its assessment. Responses were randomly allocated to one of two datasets: a) training or b) validation. Multiple logistic regression tests were performed in the training set. Variables that were statistically or clinically significant were used to model two scores: The Unweighted IBD Objective Disability Index (U-IBDODI), where all variables had the same weight, and the Weighted IBD Objective Disability Index (W-IBDODI), in which variables were weighted according to the regression results. Both scores were subsequently validated.ResultsThe analysis included 930 valid questionnaires. Patients’ mean age was 41±11, 642 (65.4%) were women, and 582 (59.3%) had Crohn’s Disease. The training dataset included 665 surveys. In the validation set (n=265), U-IBDODI mean values were 3.7 +/-1.3 for patients with work disability and 2.3+/-1.4 for patients without (p<0.001). U-IBDODI AUROCs for predicting work and general disability were 0.839 and 0.675 respectively. The corresponding W-IBDODI values were 10.9 +/-3.7 and 6.9+/-3.7 (p<0.001), 0.837 and 0.606.DiscussionBoth U-IBDODI and W-IBDODI scores are easy-to-use, objective and valid tools for measuring work disability in IBD patients.DISCLOSURE STATEMENTLM has served as a speaker and consultant for MSD, Abbvie, Janssen, Takeda, Tillotts, Kern, Chiesi. AV has served as a speaker and consultant for MSD and Abbvie. EB has served as a speaker and consultant for Jansen, Kern and Chiesi. XC has received grants for research from Janssen, Kern, Abbott, MSD, Pfizer, Galapagos and Vifor, and fees for advisory board services from Janssen, Abbvie, MSD, Takeda and Vifor. He has also given lectures for Janssen, Abbvie, MSD, Takeda, Shire and Allergan.AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONSLM and XC designed the study, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. OV analyzed data. LM, XC, EB, AV, MV, AP, LL, OV critically reviewed the text and provided important intellectual content. All authors definitively approved the submitted version.FUNDINGThe project won the VII "Antonio Obrador" grant from GETECCU (grupo español de trabajo en enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis ulcerosa - Spanish working group on Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Mobilisation towards formal employment in the healthcare system: A qualitative study of community health workers in South Africa
Authors: Malatjif Hlologelo , Griffiths Frances , Goudge Jane 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIn low and middle-income countries (LMICs), community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in delivering primary health care (PHC) services to vulnerable populations. In these settings, they often receive low stipends, function with a lack of basic resources and have little bargaining power with which to demand better working conditions. In this article, we examine CHWs’ employment status, their struggle for recognition as health workers, and their activities to establish labour representation in South Africa. Using a case study approach, we studied seven CHW teams located in semi-urban and rural areas of Gauteng and Mpumalanga Provinces, South Africa. We used in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations to gather data from CHWs and their representatives, supervisors and PHC facility staff members. The rural and semi-urban sites CHWs were poorly supervised, resourced and received meagre remuneration, their employment outsourced, without employment benefits and protection. The lack of career progression opportunities demotivated the CHWs, particularly those keen to establish a career in health. In the semi-urban sites, CHWs established a task team to represent them that held regular meetings and often used violent and disruptive strategies against clinic, district and provincial management, which often led to tensions and conflicts with facility staff and programme coordinators. After a meeting with the local provincial legislature, the task team joined a labour union (NEHAWU) in order to be able to participate in the local Bargaining Council. Though they were not successful in getting the government to provide permanent employment, the union negotiated an increase in stipend from R2 500 (136 USD) to R3 500 (192 USD). In contrast, in the rural sites, the CHWs were not actively demanding permanent employment due to their employment contracts being partly managed by non-government organisations (NGOs); they were fearful of being recalled from the government programme. After the study ended, during the height of COVID-19 in 2020, when the need for motivated and effective CHWs became much more obvious to decision makers, the semi-urban-based teams received permanent employment with remuneration between R9-11,000 (500-600 USD). The task team and their protests raised awareness of the plight of the CHWs, and joining a formal union enabled them to negotiate a modest salary increase. However, it was the emergency created by the world-wide COVID-19 pandemic that forced decision-makers to acknowledge their reliance on this community-based cadre. Hopefully this recognition, and the associated gains, will not fade as the pandemic recedes.
Experience sampling reveals the role that covert goal states play in task-relevant behavior
Authors: Mckeown Brontë , Strawson Will H. , Zhang Meichao , Turnbull Adam , Konu Delali , Karapanagiotidis Theodoros , Wang Hao-Ting , Leech Robert , Xu Ting , Hardikar Samyogita , Bernhardt Boris , Margulies Daniel , Jefferies Elizabeth , Wammes Jeffrey , Smallwood Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCognitive neuroscience has gained insight into covert states using experience sampling. Traditionally, this approach has focused on off-task states, however, task-relevant states are also maintained via covert processes. Our study examined whether experience sampling can also provide insights into covert goal-relevant states that support task performance. To address this question, we developed a neural state-space, using dimensions of brain function variation, that allows neural correlates of overt and covert states to be examined in a common analytic space. We use this to describe brain activity during task performance, its relation to covert states identified via experience sampling, and links between individual variation in overt and covert states and task performance. Our study established activity patterns within association cortex emphasizing the fronto-parietal network both during target detection and a covert state of deliberate task focus which was associated with better task performance. In contrast, periods of vigilance and a covert off-task state were both linked to activity patterns emphasizing the default mode network. Our study shows experience sampling can not only describe covert states that are unrelated to the task at hand, but can also be used to highlight the role fronto-parietal regions play in the maintenance of covert task-relevant states.
Unravelling the role of oceanographic connectivity in intra-specific diversity of marine forests at global scale
Authors: Legrand Térence , Fragkopoulou Eliza , Vapillon Lauren , Gouvêa Lidiane , Serrão Ester A. , Assis Jorge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimIntra-specific diversity results from complex interactions of intermingled eco-evolutionary processes along species’ history, but their relative contribution has not been addressed at the global scale. Here, we unravel the role of present-day oceanographic connectivity in explaining the genetic differentiation of marine forests across the ocean.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedMarine forests of brown macroalgae (order Fucales, Ishigeales, Laminariales, Tilopteridale).MethodsThrough systematic literature revision, we compiled a comprehensive dataset of genetic differentiation, encompassing 662 populations of 34 species. A biophysical model coupled with network analyses estimated multigenerational oceanographic connectivity and centrality across the marine forest global distribution. This approach integrated species’ dispersive capacity and long-distance dispersal events. Linear mixed models tested the relative contribution of site-specific processes, connectivity, and centrality in explaining genetic differentiation.ResultsWe show that spatiality dependent eco-evolutionary processes, as described by our models, are prominent drivers of genetic differentiation in marine forests (significant models in 92.6 % of the cases with an average R2of 0.49 ± 0.07). Specifically, we reveal that 19.6 % of variance is explicitly induced by contemporary connectivity and centrality. Moreover, we demonstrate that LDD is key in connecting populations of species distributed across large water masses and continents.Main conclusionsWe deciphered the role of present-day connectivity in observed patterns of genetic differentiation of marine forests. Our findings significantly contribute to the understanding of the drivers of intra-specific diversity on a global scale, with implications for biogeography and evolution. These results can guide well-informed conservation efforts, including the designation of marine protected areas, as well as spatial planning for genetic diversity in aquaculture, which is particularly relevant for sessile ecosystems structuring species such as brown macroalgae.
Body Maps of Sound Pitch and its individual differences in Alexithymia and Depression
Authors: Daikoku Tatsuya , Horii Takato , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSound perception extends beyond the boundaries of auditory sensation, encompassing a profound engagement with the entire human body. This intricate interplay between sound and body sensation has long captivated the interest of researchers. In this study, we examined the relationship between our perception of sound pitch and our bodily position senses, while also exploring the role of emotions in shaping this intriguing cross-modal correspondence. We also compare the topography of pitch-triggered body sensations between depressive, alexithymia, and the control groups, and examine their associations with anxiety. Our findings reveal that individuals with depression and alexithymia experience diffuse and less localized body sensations in response to sound pitch, accompanied by heightened feelings of anxiety and negative emotions. These findings imply that diffuse bodily sensations in response to sound may trigger negative emotions such as anxiety and indicate that monitoring pitch-triggered body sensations could serve as a valuable biomarker for emotional disorders. Our study sheds light on the profound importance of body sense awareness in response to sounds, a phenomenon that may be mediated by interoception. This research enhances our understanding of the intricate relationship between sound, emotions, and the human body, offering insights for potential interventions in emotional disorders.
Utility of nasal swabs for assessing mucosal immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Roubidoux Ericka Kirkpatrick , Brigleb Pamela H. , Vegesana Kasi , Souquette Aisha , Whitt Kendall , Freiden Pamela ,   St. Jude Investigative Team, Green Amanda , Thomas Paul G. , McGargill Maureen A. , Wolf Joshua , Schultz-Cherry Stacey 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of infections worldwide since its emergence in 2019. Understanding how infection and vaccination induce mucosal immune responses and how they fluctuate over time is important, especially since they are key in preventing infection and reducing disease severity. We established a novel methodology for assessing SARS-CoV-2 cytokine and antibody responses at the nasal epithelium by using nasopharyngeal swabs collected longitudinally before and after either SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. We then compared responses between mucosal and systemic compartments. We demonstrate that cytokine and antibody profiles differ markedly between compartments. Nasal cytokines show a wound healing phenotype while plasma cytokines are consistent with pro-inflammatory pathways. We found that nasal IgA and IgG have different kinetics after infection, with IgA peaking first. Although vaccination results in low nasal IgA, IgG induction persists for up to 180 days post-vaccination. This research highlights the importance of studying mucosal responses in addition to systemic responses to respiratory infections to understand the correlates of disease severity and immune memory. The methods described herein can be used to further mucosal vaccine development by giving us a better understanding of immunity at the nasal epithelium providing a simpler, alternative clinical practice to studying mucosal responses to infection.TeaserA nasopharyngeal swab can be used to study the intranasal immune response and yields much more information than a simple viral diagnosis.