bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retention of Graft-vs-Host Activity in Non-Adherent Spleen Cells After Depletion of Cytotoxic Activity by Incubation on Allogeneic Target Cells
Authors: Mage Michael G. , McHugh Louise L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antibody-forming cells (1) and their precursors (2) readily bind to antigen, presumably through immunoglobulin receptors on their surfaces (3). Absorption occurs at 4°C, within minutes (4). On the other hand, thymusderived lymphocytes (T-cells),1 which have been implicated in cellular immune phenomena such as cell-mediated killing of allogeneic target cells (5), and in the graft-vs-host (GVH) reaction (6), do not have readily demonstrable immunoglobulin on their surfaces (7), and specific binding to cell surface antigen in vitro has generally required incubation at 37°C for cytotoxic effector cells (5, 8), or in vivo absorption for GVH antigen-reactive cells (GVH-ARC) (9).
On immunization across a strong histocompatibility barrier in vivo (10, 11) or in vitro (12), there is a large increase in the level of cytotoxic activity (10) but little or no change in GVH activity (11, 12), implying that different populations of T-cells mediate these two reactions.
Further Evidence for the Involvement of Thymus-Processed Lymphocytes in Syngeneic Tumor Cell Cytolysis
Authors: Plata Fernando , Gomard Elisabeth , Leclerc Jean-Claude , Levy Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chromium-51 release test was used to study syngeneic tumor cell lysis by spleen lymphocytes from MSV tumor-bearing animals throughout the various stages of tumor growth and regression. Thymus dependent (T) cells were found to be necessary for tumor cell immune lysis to occur, and no requirement for non-T cells was detected.
Effects of Sublethal Irradiation on the Plaque-Forming Cell Response in Mice
Authors: Schmidtke Jon R. , Dixon Frank J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
X-ray (440 R) administered 4 days after a primary injection of 1 × 108 sheep red blood cells (SRBC) into normal BALB/c mice resulted in increased numbers of indirect plaque-forming cells per million spleen cells (PFC/106) 3 days after a secondary challenge of 1 × 108 SRBC. The results were compared to control, non-x-rayed mice. The time of x-ray in relation to SRBC injection was critical as x-ray 3, 5, or 6 days after primary SRBC injection did not increase the number of PFC/106 cells. The state of increased responsiveness induced by x-ray was dependent on the dose of SRBC used for primary injection and could not be transferred by spleen cells to syngeneic recipient mice. The number of primary direct PFC/106 cells was increased when the response was measured 8 days after injection of SRBC and mice x-rayed 48 hr after antigen injection when compared to control non-x-rayed mice; this increase was probably due to a delay in the response induced by x-ray.
The Role of Complement in Human Immediate Hypersensitivity: Evidence against Involvement of the Alternate Pathway of Complement Activation
Authors: Grant J. Andrew , Lichtenstein Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A role for the alternate pathway of complement activation in immediate hypersensitivity reactions was investigated following a number of recent observations which suggested this possibility. The ability of normal human serum to enhance allergen-mediated histamine release from the leukocytes of atopic human donors was not reduced by heating serum to 100°C, nor did the addition of purified C3 to allergen-challenged leukocytes change the percentage of histamine released. To ascertain if cell-bound C3 was involved, we incubated leukocytes with anti-C3: no histamine was released by a preparation of anti-C3 which had been made with a highly purified C3 antigen, nor did preincubation of leukocytes in this anti-C3 inhibit the subsequent allergen-mediated release of histamine. Moreover, most of the anti-C3 antibodies could be recovered in the supernatant at the end of the incubation period. We have been able to confirm previous reports that some anti-C3 preparations can cause the release of histamine and/or can inhibit allergen-mediated release of histamine from human leukocytes. However, further investigation suggested that these latter results were obtained with preparations of anti-C3 contaminated with antibodies against human light chains. Anti-light chain antibodies would be capable of releasing histamine directly from leukocytes or of “desensitizing” leukocytes to subsequent allergen-challenge.
It is concluded that the release of histamine from human leukocytes challenged by allergens is independent of free or cell-bound C3, and that there is little evidence that the alternate pathway of complement activation is involved in this type of response.
The Cellular Basis of Cross-Tolerance
Authors: Ruben Thomas J. , Chiller Jacques M. , Weigle William O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice made unresponsive to human γ-globulin demonstrate a marked cross-tolerance to porcine γ-globulin and equine γ-globulin but react normally to the more phylogenetically distinct chicken γ-globulin. This cross-tolerance exists in spite of an antigenic cross-reactivity at the indirect plaque-forming cell level of only 1 to 3%. This cross-tolerance status can be transferred to thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted recipients by tolerogen-treated thymus cells. It is suggested that antigen recognition by the thymus-derived cell manifests a wider range of cross-reactivity than that evidenced by the bone marrow-derived cell.
Detection of Idiotypic Determinants on Human Monoclonal Proteins with Specific Rabbit Antisera and Hemagglutination-Inhibition
Authors: Wells J. Vivian , Wang An-Chuan , Thornsvard Charles T. , Schanfield Melvin S. , Bleumers Jan F. , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Idiotypic antigenic determinants on human monoclonal immunoglobulins were studied by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) by using human O Rh-positive erythrocytes coated with the proteins by the chromic chloride method. The rabbit antisera to the purified proteins required initial absorption with washed normal human erythrocytes and the hemagglutinating titer of anti-idiotypic antibodies after absorption varied from 1:1,300 to 1:328,000 for different antisera. Specificities against non-idiotypic V-region determinants, such as V-region subgroups, could not be demonstrated in the antisera.
The HAI method is both sensitive, with inhibition detected at inhibitor concentrations of 0.001 mg/ml, and specific, since heterologous proteins did not produce significant inhibition. In studies with a single myeloma protein, inhibition was only obtained with the whole homologous protein and fragments thereof which contained the combining site, e.g., F (ab′)2 and Fab. HAI is a satisfactory method for studying idiotypic specificities in human monoclonal immunoglobulins and should permit analysis of sharing of specificities and should prove suitable for the detection of residual myeloma protein in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma during their response to therapy.
The Skeletal Muscle Binding Site of Antistriated Muscle Antibody in Myasthenia Gravis: An Electron Microscopic Immunohistochemical Study Using Peroxidase Conjugated Antibody Fragments
Authors: Mendell J. R. , Whitaker J. N. , Engel W. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The skeletal muscle-binding site of antistriated muscle antibody (ASMAb) from individuals with myasthenia gravis (MG) was established ultrastructurally by means of an indirect immunohistochemical technique with purified sheep antihuman IgG (PSAHG) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Penetration of the HRP-antibody conjugate was greatly enhanced by preparing fragments, the Fab or F(ab′)2 of the PSAHG before HRP conjugation. ASMAb from nine patients with MG localized to the sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounding the I-band. No binding with the myofilaments could be demonstrated.
Cross-Reactions of Additional Extracellular Polysaccharides of Klebsiella
Authors: Heidelberger Michael , Dutton Guy G. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cross-reactions are recorded of the K polysaccharides of Klebsiella types 5, 7, 18, 20, 21, 24, and 62 and of deacetylated K5 in a number of antipneumococcal and anti-Salmonella sera. In several instances these confirm structures already established. Findings likely to emerge from further chemical study are also pointed out on the basis of previously established relations between chemical constitution and immunological specificity.
Studies of Mopc 104E Plasmacytoma Cells Forming Rosettes with Autologous and Syngeneic Erythrocytes
Authors: Hiramoto Raymond N. , Ghanta Vithal K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
MOPC 104E plasmacytoma cells secreting an IgM antibody to dextran 1355 S1,3 were shown to make mixed rosettes with both dextran-coated chicken erythrocytes (D-CRBC) and syngeneic mouse erythrocytes from tumor-bearing mice (T-MRBC). D-CRBC rosettes were readily blocked by soluble dextran, monospecific goat anti-mouse IgM, anti-mouse IgG2 but not anti-mouse IgG1. T-MRBC rosettes were blocked by monospecific anti-mouse IgG2, but not with anti-mouse IgM or soluble dextran. These results indicate that the plasmacytoma carries an IgG2-like receptor to T-MRBC.
Selective Cytotoxicity of Hapten-Substituted Cells with an Antibody-Enzyme Conjugate
Authors: Philpott Gordon W. , Shearer William T. , Bower Richard J. , Parker Charles W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Affinity iodination and cytotoxicity of hapten-substituted tumor cells were accomplished with an anti-hapten antibody conjugated to glucose oxidase (which generates H2O2) and lactoperoxidase (which iodinates cells in the presence of H2O2 and I-). Polynitrophenylated HeLa and Hep-2 cells, obtained by brief incubation with 2,4,6, trinitrophenyl (TNP)-sulfonic acid, were selectively iodinated and killed when treated briefly with an anti-TNP antibody-glucose oxidase conjugate (Ab-GO) and cultured in media containing lactoperoxidase (LP) and iodide. Cell killing was determined by three methods: 1) a microcytotoxicity assay, 2) the loss of cells prelabeled with 125IUdR and 3) the degree of incorporation of 125IUdR after treatment (postlabeling). Results with the three independent methods showed cytotoxicity, ranging from 19% to 98% in TNP-cells incubated with Ab-GO (0.6 to 57 µg/ml), LP (50 µg/ml), and iodide (20 µM). ε-DNP-lysine (100 µM) significantly reduced the amount of killing and minimal cytotoxicity (0 to 35%) was seen with unsubstituted cells or if Ab-GO, LP, or I- were omitted.
Extraction of Complement Inhibitory Factors from the Erythrocytes of Non-Human Species
Authors: Hoffmann E. M. , Etlinger H. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Extracts from the erythrocyte stromata of seven species were examined for the presence of a factor capable of accelerating the rate of decay of sheep erythrocytes in the intermediate state .3 Only the extracts from rabbit and guinea pig erythrocytes possessed decay accelerating activity. Gel filtration (Sephadex G-200) of the active crude extracts gave partial purification with the active fraction passing through the column near the void volume. The materials from rabbit and guinea pig red cells were capable of decreasing the lytic susceptibility of sheep E, EA, EAC1̄G P, EAC4G P and EAC1̄G P4 as well as sheep . Diluted rabbit and guinea pig erythrocyte stromata extracts, which were incapable of affecting any component of the sheep EAC1̄G P4G P complex, were still capable of accelerating the normal rate of decay of sheep .
Regulation of Homocytotropic Antibody Formation in the Rat
Authors: Tada Tomio , Okumura Ko , Taniguchi Masaru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An antigen-specific subcellular component, possibly from thymus derived (T) cells that regulate homocytotropic antibody (HTA) formation against dinitrophenylated Ascaris suum extract (DNP-As), was extracted from mechanically disrupted thymocytes and spleen cells of rats hyperimmunized with the homologous antigen. This cell free extract, when injected into HTA-producing animals that had been 400R x-irradiated and immunized with DNP-As and Bordetella pertusis vaccine so as to produce high and persistant HTA formation, exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the ongoing HTA production of the recipients. A similar thymocyte extract obtained from rats hyperimmunized with the carrier (Ascaris extract, As) alone also showed the inhibitory activity, whereas that from rats hyperimmunized with the hapten coupled to a different carrier (DNP-bovine serum albumin) or with Freund's complete adjuvant alone did not. The inhibitory activity of the thymocyte extract was completely abolished by absorption with immunoadsorbents composed of DNP-As or As, but not with that of DNP-BSA, indicating that the active component has an affinity to carrier molecules. However, the inhibitory activity was not absorbed with antisera directed to rat Fab, µ chain and polyvalent immunoglobulins, suggesting that the active component is not likely to be an immunoglobulin. The activity was significantly reduced by absorption with an immunoadsorbent composed of anti-rat thymocyte serum. These results suggest that the inhibitory cell interaction in the rat HTA formation, which has previously been reported by us, is mediated by this subcellular component of primed T cell which is not immunoglobulin in nature but has an affinity and specificity to the carrier molecule.
Immunologic Responses in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Guinea Pig I. Characterization of Peyer's Patch Cells
Authors: Levin Douglas M. , Rosenstreich David L. , Reynolds Herbert Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peyer's patches are prominent gut-associated lymphoid aggregates the function of which is as yet unknown. Recent articles have reviewed data suggesting either a central lymphoid (bursal equivalent) function or second-level, peripheral lymphoid function (1, 2). The existence of both thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T cells)1 and bone marrow-dependent lymphocytes (B cells) in the Peyer's patches of some species, including mice, rats, rabbits, and hamsters, is suggested by morphologic (3–7) and some functional (8–13) evidence. However, although the presence of B cells (or B cell precursors) (9, 11, 13) seems clear, the presence of T cells has been questioned by recent data showing an absence of graft-vs-host response with donor cells from Peyer's patches; these findings imply that, at least in mice and rats, few or no functional T cells reside in Peyer's patches (14, 15). In order to characterize further the Peyer's patch, and particularly to detect any T cell population, single cell preparations were made from this tissue in adult guinea pigs.
The Pathogenesis of Corneal Inflammation Due to Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Meyers Roberta L. , Pettit Thomas H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Corneal immune rings were produced with purified herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen in both systemically and locally (intracorneal) HSV-sensitized rabbits. The ringlike corneal opacity consisted of a local accumulation of inflammatory cells, HSV antigen, host-antibody, and complement. A similar linear opacity was produced by injection of purified HSV antigen and anti-HSV antibody simultaneously at opposite sides of a normal rabbit cornea in a nonsensitized rabbit.
Immunohistopathologic studies of experimental stromal herpes keratitis in rabbits induced by corneal infection with HSV revealed antigen, host-antibody, complement (C3), and inflammatory cells at the site of the stromal infiltrate. The tissue injury occurring in stromal herpes keratitis appears to result from HSV antigen-HSV antibody interaction; this attracts serum complement and results in the leukotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes which constitute the major corneal infiltrate seen in stromal keratitis.
The Proliferative and Anamnestic Antibody Response of Rabbit Lymphoid Cells in Vitro
Authors: Thorbecke G. Jeanette , Bell Melvin K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The anamnestic responses of the right and left popliteal lymph nodes of rabbits after a single injection of diphtheria toxoid (DT) into the left footpad were studied in vitro. The draining node always produced a higher response, even at intervals up to 11 months after priming.
Weekly injections of rabbit anti-DT, either into the right footpad, or in larger amounts, intravenously, significantly increased the difference in responsiveness between the two nodes by lowering the response on the uninjected side.
It is suggested that, aside from memory cells reaching the right node, priming of this lymph node is partly due to antigen carried over from the injected side.
Association of Tumor and Histocompatibility Antigens in Sera of Lymphoma-Bearing Mice
Authors: Fujimoto Shigeyoshi , Chen Ching Hong , Sabbadini Edris , Sehon Alec H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soluble tumor-associated antigens and histocompatibility antigens were detected in sera of A/J mice bearing a spontaneous lymphoma (L1117) by the inhibition of the cytotoxicity of rabbit anti-L1117 serum and of alloantisera to normal A/J antigens, respectively; the rabbit antiserum was rendered specific for lymphoma antigens by extensive absorption with normal A/J cells and alloantisera were produced in C57BL/6J and C3H mice. Both types of antigen were isolated together from serum of tumor-bearing animals, with reverse immunosorbents prepared by insolubilization of either rabbit anti-L1117 antibodies or of the anti-A/J alloantibodies, and were also present in the supernatant of the medium used for culturing L1117 cells. It is suggested that the determinants responsible for these two antigenic specificities were associated with the same molecular moiety.
Anti-Alloantibodies: A de Novo Product
Authors: Binz Hans , Ramseier Hansruedy , Lindenmann Jean 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
(Lewis × DA)F1 hybrid rats were injected once or twice with a small, subsaturating dose of DA anti-Lewis posttransplantation alloantiserum. The time course of antialloantibody response was followed over a period of 30 days by using the PAR assay. After a single injection, antialloantibody titers became first detectable on the 2nd day, they increased until the 11th day and reached a plateau between days 11 and 14; thereafter titers slowly declined. A second injection given 2 weeks after the first was followed, without measurable latency, by rapid exponential increase of antialloantibody titers lasting 6 days. The plateau reached 6 to 8 days after the second injection was 500 times higher than that attained after a single injection. Between the 8th and the 16th day after the booster injection titers slowly declined. We conclude that the response measured represents the de novo synthesis of antialloantibody and not a complex of alloantibody and antigen.
Carrier Independent T Cell Helper Effects in Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Doughty Robert A. , Klinman Norman R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anti-ϑ serum treatment of cells from immunized mice before their transfer to irradiated non-immune recipients decreased the ability of such cells to be stimulated by hapten on both homologous and heterologous carriers over a wide range of antigen doses. The anti-ϑ treatment was shown to affect only thymus-dependent (T) cells, since the number of bone marrow-derived (B) cell precursors was unaltered. Thus, specific T cells contribute significantly, not only to stimulation by the hapten on the homologous carrier, but also when hapten is presented on heterologous and even poorly immunogenic carriers. These results are interpreted as indicating a role for collaborative interactions of hapten-specific T cells with B cells specific for the same determinant. Such interactions were found at low antigen concentration. Results are discussed with relation to the mechanism of B cell stimulation.
Purification of Mouse Interferon by Affinity Chromatography on Anti-Interferon Globulin-Sepharose
Authors: Ogburn Clifton A. , Berg Kurt , Paucker Kurt 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse interferon produced in L cells was subjected to affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound anti-interferon globulin. The hyperimmune anti-interferon serum was specifically adsorbed to remove antibodies against proteins derived from normal L cells, medium, and inducer virus preparation. The method permitted selective elimination of identified contaminant antigens from crude interferon preparations. Recovery of interferon was quantitative, and purification during this step was from 20- to 50-fold. Specific activities in peak fractions ranged from 1 to 2.7 × 108 National Institutes of Health reference units per mg protein. Interferons induced by irradiated Newcastle disease virus and poly I:C were purified to the same degree.
Regulation of the Immune Response
Authors: Kappler John W. , van der Hoven André , Dharmarajan Umarani , Hoffmann Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immune response of mouse spleen cell suspension to heterologous erythrocyte antigens and the hapten, trinitrophenol, can be inhibited by the presence of antibody specific for these antigens. The properties of the suppression are: 1) It is antigen specific in that the suppressive antibody must recognize at least one determinant on the antigen. 2) It is not determinant specific in that antibody directed against as few as one determinant on the antigen can suppress the response to the rest of the determinants. 3) The participation of the Fc fragment of the suppressive antibody is indicated by the ineffectiveness of (Fab)′2 and chicken antibody in suppression. 4) The mechanism of the suppression does not appear to be central in that cells preincubated with antigen-antibody complexes for as long as 24 hr are not impaired significantly in their ability to respond to a subsequent challenge with antigen. These findings are discussed in view of the various models which have been proposed for the mechanism of antibody-mediated suppression of the immune response.
The Mechanism of a Hapten-Specific Helper Effect in Mice
Authors: Janeway Charles A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice immunized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) show a greater anti-ovalbumin (OVA) antibody response to subsequent immunization with DNP-OVA than do mice initially immunized with BSA alone. In order to determine the mechanism of this DNP-specific augmentation of anti-OVA antibody response to DNP-OVA, we performed cell and serum transfer experiments. Irradiated recipient mice received spleen cells from donor mice which had been primed with OVA and subsequently treated with heterologous anti-mouse lymphocyte serum; these cells served as precursors of anti-OVA antibody-forming cells. Such recipients made greatly augmented anti-OVA responses to DNP-OVA if they also received serum from mice primed with DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Spleen cells from DNP-KLH primed donors transferred little or no augmentation of this response, and such activity as they possessed appears to be due to the anti-DNP antibody they secrete. Anti-DNP antibody purified by elution from a solid immunoadsorbent possessed all the augmenting activity of anti-DNP-KLH serum. These experiments provide no evidence for functionally active, thymus-derived, hapten-specific “helper” cells. The implications of this result are discussed.
Immunoglobulins in the Developing Amphibian, Rana Catesbeiana
Authors: Geczy Carolyn L. , Green Patrick C. , Steiner Lisa A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rana catesbeiana tadpoles contain high molecular weight and low molecular weight immunoglobulins that closely resemble, in structural and antigenic features, the corresponding immunoglobulins in adult bullfrogs. Although the low molecular weight immunoglobulins are antigenically heterogeneous, all the antigenic species found in frogs also occur in tadpoles. Thus, in these amphibia, the immunoglobulin classes develop before metamorphosis is completed.