bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferential transport activity of DkDTX5/MATE5 affects the formation of different astringency in persimmon
Authors: Liu Ying , Wu Xin , Sun Chenfeng , Chen Wenxing , Zhang Meng , Liu Niannian , Zhang Qinglin , Xu Liqing , Luo Zhengrong 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTProanthocyanidins (PAs) are specialized metabolites that influence persimmon fruit quality. Normal astringent (A)‐type and non‐astringent (NA)‐type mutants show significant variation in PA accumulation, but the influencing mechanism remains unclear. In this study, among the six identified DTXs/MATEs proteins associated with PA accumulation, we observed that allelic variation and preferential transport by DkDTX5/MATE5 induced variation in PA accumulation for A‐type and NA‐type fruit. The expression pattern of DkDTX5/MATE5 was correlated with PA accumulation in NA‐type fruit. Upregulation and downregulation of DkDTX5/MATE5 promoted and inhibited PA accumulation, respectively, in the NA‐type fruit. Interestingly, transporter assays of Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that DkDTX5/MATE5 preferentially transported the PA precursors catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, resulting in their increased ratios relative to the total PAs, which was the main source of variation in PA accumulation between the A‐type and NA‐type. The allele lacking Ser‐84 in DkDTX5/MATE5 was identified as a dominantly expressed gene in the A‐type and lost its transport function. Site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that DkDTX5/MATE5 binds to PA precursors via Ser‐84. These findings clarify the association between the transporter function of DkDTX5/MATE5 and PA variation, and can contribute to the breeding of new cultivars with improved fruit quality.
Type‐1 cannabinoid receptors and their ever‐expanding roles in brain energy processes
Authors: Fernández‐Moncada Ignacio , Rodrigues Rui S. , Fundazuri Unai B. , Bellocchio Luigi , Marsicano Giovanni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe brain requires large quantities of energy to sustain its functions. At the same time, the brain is isolated from the rest of the body, forcing this organ to develop strategies to control and fulfill its own energy needs. Likely based on these constraints, several brain‐specific mechanisms emerged during evolution. For example, metabolically specialized cells are present in the brain, where intercellular metabolic cycles are organized to separate workload and optimize the use of energy. To orchestrate these strategies across time and space, several signaling pathways control the metabolism of brain cells. One of such controlling systems is the endocannabinoid system, whose main signaling hub in the brain is the type‐1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor. CB1 receptors govern a plethora of different processes in the brain, including cognitive function, emotional responses, or feeding behaviors. Classically, the mechanisms of action of CB1 receptors on brain function had been explained by its direct targeting of neuronal synaptic function. However, new discoveries have challenged this view. In this review, we will present and discuss recent data about how a small fraction of CB1 receptors associated to mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1), are able to exert a powerful control on brain functions and behavior. mtCB1 receptors impair mitochondrial functions both in neurons and astrocytes. In the latter cells, this effect is linked to an impairment of astrocyte glycolytic function, resulting in specific behavioral outputs. Finally, we will discuss the potential implications of (mt)CB1 expression on oligodendrocytes and microglia metabolic functions, with the aim to encourage interdisciplinary approaches to better understand the role of (mt)CB1 receptors in brain function and behavior.image
Proteomic analysis of the human hippocampus identifies neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) as synapto‐axonal target in late‐stage Parkinson's disease
Authors: Warth Perez Arias Carmina C. , Silbern Ivan , Caldi Gomes Lucas , Wartmann Hannes , Dambeck Vivian , Fanz Jonas , Neuenroth Lisa , Bähr Mathias , Outeiro Tiago F. , Bonn Stefan , Stadelmann‐Nessler Christine , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Lenz Christof , Urlaub Henning , Lingor Paul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) affects a significant proportion of the population over the age of 60 years, and its prevalence is increasing. While symptomatic treatment is available for motor symptoms of PD, non‐motor complications such as dementia result in diminished life quality for patients and are far more difficult to treat. In this study, we analyzed PD‐associated alterations in the hippocampus of PD patients, since this brain region is strongly affected by PD dementia. We focused on synapses, analyzing the proteome of post‐mortal hippocampal tissue from 16 PD cases and 14 control subjects by mass spectrometry. Whole tissue lysates and synaptosomal fractions were analyzed in parallel. Differential analysis combined with bioinformatic network analyses identified neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) to be significantly dysregulated in PD and interacting with proteins of the synaptic compartment. Modulation of NPTX1 protein levels in primary hippocampal neuron cultures validated its role in synapse morphology. Our analysis suggests that NPTX1 contributes to synaptic pathology in late‐stage PD and represents a putative target for novel therapeutic strategies.image
Democracy and emergency: finding the constitutional foundation of the knowledgeable state in social dynamics
Authors: KUO MING‐SUNG 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article aims to bring to light the law–society dynamic relationship in constitutional governance by engaging with the question of political constitutionalism from the perspective of institutional epistemology. It first reframes the debate surrounding legal and political constitutionalism as one concerning the state's ‘epistemic competence’ in governance shaped by the constitution, and then traces how constitutional ordering has given rise to the ‘knowledgeable state’ by setting a unique social dynamic in motion: the ‘epistemico‐political constitution’. Using the example of the World Health Organization's initial response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, a the article presents a two‐part argument. First, constitutional ordering institutes a process of knowledge production embedded in the interaction between the state and society – a unique law–society dynamic – that responds to governance needs. Second, given the current law–society dynamic in the suprastate political landscape, the legitimacy challenge facing expertise‐steered global governance is further intensified as more crisis responses are expected from outside the state.
Risk, the COVID‐19 pandemic, and organisations: Extending, repurposing, and developing theory
Authors: Soane Emma , Flin Rhona , Macrae Carl , Reader Tom W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has challenged and changed organisations. While the pandemic has brought opportunities for business in some sectors, such as information and communication, and for people who enjoy the flexibility they gain from home‐based or hybrid work arrangements, the realisation of benefits for individuals and organisations is uncertain over longer time periods and distributed unevenly across the workforce. Thus, the pandemic situation has been a trigger, albeit an unwelcome one, for revising our theorising about organisational risk. We build on the articles within our special section and develop a perspective on how to continue the development of new theoretical insights. First, we examine how existing theories can be extended to encompass organisational risk. We focus on theories of organisational culture to do so. Second, we discuss ways that existing theories can be repurposed to address important challenges. We illustrate our points using paradoxical leadership theory and theories of creativity. Third, we reflect on ways to develop new theorising by exploring multilevel modelling and the microfoundations of organisational risk. Fourth, we reflect on methods. In doing so, we pave the way for future studies that will enrich our understanding of organisational risk and contribute to preparations for future crises.
Communicating about linguistics using lingcomm‐driven evidence: Lingthusiasm podcast as a case study
Authors: Gawne Lauren , McCulloch Gretchen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCommunicating linguistics to broader audiences (lingcomm) can be achieved most effectively by drawing on insights from across the fields of linguistics, science communication (scicomm), pedagogy and psychology. In this article we provide an overview of work that examines lingcomm as a specific practice. We also give an overview of the Lingthusiasm podcast, and discuss four major ways that we incorporate effective communications methodologies from a range of literature in the production of episodes. First, we discuss how we frame topics and take a particular stance towards linguistic attitudes, second, we discuss how we introduce linguistic terminology and manage audience cognitive load, third, we discuss the role of metaphor in effective communication of abstract concepts, and fourth, we discuss the affective tools of humour and awe in connecting audiences with linguistic concepts. We also discuss a 2022 survey of Lingthusiasm listeners, which highlights how the audience responds to our design choices. In providing this summary, we also advocate for lingcomm as a theoretically‐driven area of linguistic expertise, and a particularly effective forum for the application of linguistics.
Mitonuclear discordance results from incomplete lineage sorting, with no detectable evidence for gene flow, in a rapid radiation of Todiramphus kingfishers
Authors: DeRaad Devon A. , McCullough Jenna M. , DeCicco Lucas H. , Hime Paul M. , Joseph Leo , Andersen Michael J. , Moyle Robert G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany organisms possess multiple discrete genomes (i.e. nuclear and organellar), which are inherited separately and may have unique and even conflicting evolutionary histories. Phylogenetic reconstructions from these discrete genomes can yield different patterns of relatedness, a phenomenon known as cytonuclear discordance. In many animals, mitonuclear discordance (i.e. discordant evolutionary histories between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes) has been widely documented, but its causes are often considered idiosyncratic and inscrutable. We show that a case of mitonuclear discordance in Todiramphus kingfishers can be explained by extensive genome‐wide incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), likely a result of the explosive diversification history of this genus. For these kingfishers, quartet frequencies reveal that the nuclear genome is dominated by discordant topologies, with none of the internal branches in our consensus nuclear tree recovered in >50% of genome‐wide gene trees. Meanwhile, a lack of inter‐species shared ancestry, non‐significant pairwise tests for gene flow, and little evidence for meaningful migration edges between species, leads to the conclusion that gene flow cannot explain the mitonuclear discordance we observe. This lack of evidence for gene flow combined with evidence for extensive genome‐wide gene tree discordance, a hallmark of ILS, leads us to conclude that the mitonuclear discordance we observe likely results from ILS, specifically deep coalescence of the mitochondrial genome. Based on this case study, we hypothesize that similar demographic histories in other ‘great speciator’ taxa across the Indo‐Pacific likely predispose these groups to high levels of ILS and high likelihoods of mitonuclear discordance.
Multiple paths toward repeated phenotypic evolution in the spiny‐leg adaptive radiation (Tetragnatha; Hawai'i)
Authors: Cerca José , Cotoras Darko D. , Santander Cindy G. , Bieker Vanessa C. , Hutchins Leke , Morin‐Lagos Jaime , Prada Carlos F. , Kennedy Susan , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Rominger Andrew J. , Meier Joana , Dimitrov Dimitar , Struck Torsten H. , Gillespie Rosemary G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe repeated evolution of phenotypes provides clear evidence for the role of natural selection in driving evolutionary change. However, the evolutionary origin of repeated phenotypes can be difficult to disentangle as it can arise from a combination of factors such as gene flow, shared ancestral polymorphisms or mutation. Here, we investigate the presence of these evolutionary processes in the Hawaiian spiny‐legTetragnathaadaptive radiation, which includes four microhabitat‐specialists or ecomorphs, with different body pigmentation and size (Green, Large Brown, Maroon, and Small Brown). We investigated the evolutionary history of this radiation using 76 newly generated low‐coverage, whole‐genome resequenced samples, along with phylogenetic and population genomic tools. Considering the Green ecomorph as the ancestral state, our results suggest that the Green ecomorph likely re‐evolved once, the Large Brown and Maroon ecomorphs evolved twice and the Small Brown evolved three times. We found that the evolution of the Maroon and Small Brown ecomorphs likely involved ancestral hybridization events, while the Green and Large Brown ecomorphs likely evolved through novel mutations, despite a high rate of incomplete lineage sorting in the dataset. Our findings demonstrate that the repeated evolution of ecomorphs in the Hawaiian spiny‐legTetragnathais influenced by multiple evolutionary processes.
Feeding habits of South American and sub‐Antarctic fur seals during their nonbreeding season in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: de Lima Renan C. , de Albernaz Thaise L. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Cebuhar Julieta D. , Botta Silvina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStomach contents of South American (Arctocephalus australis) (n = 219) (SAFS) and sub‐Antarctic (A. tropicalis) (n = 37) (SFS) fur seals were opportunistically sampled from 1980 to 2021 to examine their feeding habits and resource partitioning in southern Brazil while in their nonreproductive periods. SAFSs mainly consumed abundant coastal pelagic species, such as Anchoa marinii and Doryteuthis sanpaulensis, resulting in high sexual trophic niche overlap. The frequency of occurrence (%FO) of fish prey, especially the overexploited Micropogonias furnieri, decreased between 1980–1992 and 2007–2021, while squid increased. For SFSs, offshore squids such as Ommastrephes bartramii and Illex argentinus were the most important prey considering both sexes in the long‐term. The interspecific trophic niche overlap was low, but it is likely underestimated since it increased with the inclusion of scat samples from SFSs. This sample‐size effect was also observed in Shannon's diversity index, which was lower for underrepresented SFSs. Marine debris ingestion was detected in both species (SAFS %FO = 2.7; SFS %FO = 8.3), with only flexible plastic material found. This study brings novel information on feeding habits of fur seal species in the extreme south of Brazil, as well as unprecedented information about their ecology during the nonreproductive period.
Molecular perspectives on age‐related resistance of plants to (viral) pathogens
Authors: DeMell April , Alvarado Veria , Scholthof Herman B. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryAge‐related resistance to microbe invasion is a commonly accepted concept in plant pathology. However, the impact of such age‐dependent interactive phenomena is perhaps not yet sufficiently recognized by the broader plant science community. Toward cataloging an understanding of underlying mechanisms, this review explores recent molecular studies and their relevance to the concept. Examples describe differences in genetic background, transcriptomics, hormonal balances, protein‐mediated events, and the contribution by short RNA‐controlled gene silencing events. Throughout, recent findings with viral systems are highlighted as an illustration of the complexity of the interactions. It will become apparent that instead of uncovering a unifying explanation, we unveiled only trends. Nevertheless, with a degree of confidence, we propose that the process of plant age‐related defenses is actively regulated at multiple levels. The overarching goal of this control for plants is to avoid a constitutive waste of resources, especially at crucial metabolically draining early developmental stages.
The effect of root hairs on root water uptake is determined by root–soil contact and root hair shrinkage
Authors: Duddek Patrick , Ahmed Mutez Ali , Javaux Mathieu , Vanderborght Jan , Lovric Goran , King Andrew , Carminati Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Summary
The effect of root hairs on water uptake remains controversial. In particular, the key root hair and soil parameters that determine their importance have been elusive.
We grew maize plants (Zea mays) in microcosms and scanned them using synchrotron‐based X‐ray computed microtomography. By means of image‐based modelling, we investigated the parameters determining the effectiveness of root hairs in root water uptake. We explicitly accounted for rhizosphere features (e.g. root–soil contact and pore structure) and took root hair shrinkage of dehydrated root hairs into consideration.
Our model suggests that > 85% of the variance in root water uptake is explained by the hair‐induced increase in root–soil contact. In dry soil conditions, root hair shrinkage reduces the impact of hairs substantially.
We conclude that the effectiveness of root hairs on root water uptake is determined by the hair‐induced increase in root–soil contact and root hair shrinkage. Although the latter clearly reduces the effect of hairs on water uptake, our model still indicated facilitation of water uptake by root hairs at soil matric potentials from −1 to −0.1 MPa. Our findings provide new avenues towards a mechanistic understanding of the role of root hairs on water uptake.
Sequencing the COVID‐19 Recession in the USA: What Were the Macroeconomic Drivers?
Authors: Breitenlechner Max , Geiger Martin , Gründler Daniel , Scharler Johann 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe apply a structural vectorautoregressive analysis to decompose fluctuations in the growth rate of industrial production and inflation precipitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic in the USA into aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and uncertainty shocks. While all three types of shocks contributed to output and inflation dynamics, the surge in economic uncertainty contributed to the decline in output more strongly than aggregate demand or aggregate supply disruptions. In 2021, the decline in uncertainty and adverse aggregate supply shocks emerged to be similarly important in spurring inflation.
Efficacy and safety of revisional treatments for weight regain or insufficient weight loss after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Franken Rutger J. , Franken Josephine , Sluiter Nina R. , de Vries Ralph , Euser Sjoerd , Gerdes Victor E. A. , de Brauw Maurits 
Published: July 2023

SummaryWeight regain or inadequate weight loss following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass poses a significant clinical challenge. Our objective was to evaluate various revisional techniques for addressing weight regain and insufficient weight loss after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass through a systematic review and meta‐analysis. We performed a literature search (in PubMed and Embase) on revisional interventions in collaboration with a medical information specialist. Measured outcomes included body mass index at intervention, total weight loss during follow‐up, and complications. Random effects models were used to determine pooled effect size and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Thirty‐nine studies were included: four studies reported on argon plasma coagulation, four studies on transoral outlet reduction, nine studies on transoral outlet reduction + argon plasma coagulation, four studies on pouch/gastrojejunal anastomosis revision, five on laparoscopic gastric banding, two studies on laparoscopic gastric banding + pouch resizing, 10 on distalization‐RYGB, and one on duodenal switch. All techniques resulted in short‐term clinically relevant weight loss. Endoscopic procedures had a short follow‐up and resulted in modest and temporary weight loss. Surgical revision techniques were successful for weight loss in longer term follow‐up, at the expense of high complication rates.
Amblyopia—A novel virtual round table to explore the caregiver perspective
Authors: Nowik Marta , Perna Flavia , Dahlmann‐Noor Annegret , Stern Jude , Malkowski Jean‐Pierre , Weisberger Annemarie , Webber Ann 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeA survey aimed to capture the caregiver's perspective on the impact of amblyopia and its treatment on the child and family, as well as caregivers' views on the design and feasibility of clinical trials investigating dichoptic binocular therapies for amblyopia.MethodsParents of amblyopic children, patient advocates and healthcare professionals took part in a moderated, structured discussion on a novel virtual advisory‐board platform.ResultsSeven parents of children with amblyopia, two patient organisation representatives, one ophthalmologist and one optometrist participated in the survey. A total of 645 posts were entered on the platform over a 14‐day period in September 2021. There was widespread agreement that the management of amblyopia poses more of a burden on the child and family than the condition itself, with treatment burden accentuated when treatment is unsuccessful. Parents expressed uncertainty and frustration in relation to the duration of patching, success of patching and alternative treatment options, and felt there was inadequate readily available, easy‐to‐understand information on the condition. Parents reported that a new treatment for amblyopia, such as dichoptic binocular therapy using video games, should be safe, non‐invasive and engaging compared with an eye patch. Treating at home, potentially for a shorter treatment duration, and with an entertaining game were the main reasons parents would join a clinical study with this type of novel therapy. However, due to a limited critical period treatment window, parents would feel more comfortable joining a clinical trial if traditional therapies were offered in conjunction with those under investigation.ConclusionPatient perspectives and the role of caregivers in the acceptance of any interventional treatments are increasingly recognised. Understanding how amblyopia and its treatment impacts a child and family should be an important premise to guide therapy and evaluate treatment value, both in clinical trials and in routine medical practice.