bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allocation of Nonprofit Funds Among Program, Fundraising, and Administration
Authors: Kotsi Telesilla O. , Aflaki Arian , Aydin Goker , Pedraza-Martinez Alfonso J. 
Published: July 2023

Problem definition: U.S. nonprofits declare three types of expenses in their IRS 990 forms: program spending to meet beneficiaries’ needs; fundraising spending to raise donations; and administration spending to build and maintain capacity. Charity watchdogs, however, expect nonprofits to prioritize program spending over other categories. We study when such expectations may lead to the “starvation cycle” or underspending on administration and fundraising. Methodology/results: We characterize optimal budget allocations to program, fundraising, and administration spending categories using a two-period model, which also includes the nonprofit’s capacity, return on program spending (the net value of program spending to beneficiaries), and beneficiaries’ uncertain future needs. We find that the nonprofit’s capacity plays a significant role in the optimal allocation. The nonprofit should (a) at high capacity, spend only the necessary amount on administration to maintain its current capacity; (b) at moderate capacity, maintain its current capacity while limiting program spending in favor of fundraising; and (c) at low capacity, increase administration spending to expand its future capacity. When we compare the optimal allocations prescribed by our model to the actual spending levels reported by a foodbank network, we find that the foodbank underspends on administration and fundraising, suggesting the forces that lead to the starvation cycle may be in play. Another possibility is that the nonprofit’s own estimate of its return on program spending is higher than our estimate—At higher estimates of return on program, the gap between our prescribed solutions versus actual spending levels decreases. Managerial implications: Our paper introduces an important discussion on nonprofits’ starvation cycle and finds conditions that justify prioritizing administration and fundraising expenses. It also highlights that watchdogs should consider nonprofits’ return on program spending in addition to their capacity and future needs when evaluating them. Funding: T. O. Kotsi thanks the Onassis Foundation (Greece) for financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2020.0660 .
Demolition Derby, Working-Class Identity, and Capitalist Geographies
Authors: Williams Billy 
Published: July 2023

In order to understand the formations of identities within a working-class population, this paper draws on ethnographic field research with participants and fans of demolition derby competitions in two regions of Arkansas. It attempts what Arjun Appadurai calls a ‘genealogical’ reading to discover within semiotic evidence foreclosures of identity that challenge the power of capitalist fixation and movement of value within and through these regions. The paper uses the term ‘material integrity’ to describe how participants and fans of demolition derby understand the economic dynamics in which they participate. In Northwest Arkansas, a region characterized by the fixation of capital, class is ‘read down’ by nominating perceived lower classes, but in White County, Arkansas, a region with little fixed capital, class is ‘read up.’ As a ground-up spectacle and performance, demolition derby reveals the value of material integrity as an integral aspect of a working-class identity and provides some evidence of what Don Mitchell calls ‘working-class geographies’ and Ben Rogaly’s ‘non-elite cosmopolitanism.’
Golfing after Orthopaedic Surgery: A longitudinal follow-up (GOLF) study protocol
Authors: Robinson Patrick G. , Creighton Andrew P. , Cheng Jennifer , Dines Joshua S. , Su Edwin P. , Gulotta Lawrence V. , Padgett Douglas , Demetracopoulos Constantine , Hawkes Roger , Prather Heidi , Press Joel M. , Clement Nick D. 
Published: July 2023

AimsThe primary aim of this prospective, multicentre study is to describe the rates of returning to golf following hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder arthroplasty in an active golfing population. Secondary aims will include determining the timing of return to golf, changes in ability, handicap, and mobility, and assessing joint-specific and health-related outcomes following surgery.MethodsThis is a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal study between the Hospital for Special Surgery, (New York City, New York, USA) and Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, (Edinburgh, UK). Both centres are high-volume arthroplasty centres, specializing in upper and lower limb arthroplasty. Patients undergoing hip, knee, ankle, or shoulder arthroplasty at either centre, and who report being golfers prior to arthroplasty, will be included. Patient-reported outcome measures will be obtained at six weeks, three months, six months, and 12 months. A two-year period of recruitment will be undertaken of arthroplasty patients at both sites.ConclusionThe results of this prospective study will provide clinicians with accurate data to deliver to patients with regard to the likelihood of return to golf and timing of when they can expect to return to golf following their hip, knee, ankle, or shoulder arthroplasty, as well as their joint-specific functional outcomes. This will help patients to manage their postoperative expectations and plan their postoperative recovery pathway.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(7):490–495.
Primera comparación de los modelos de atribución de los nombres de pila en Santiago de Cuba y en Tlalnepantla de Baz, México (año de 1960)
Authors: López Franco Yolanda Guillermina , Rosales Novoa Sonia 
Published: July 2023

Los antecedentes de esta investigación son proyectos desarrollados en socioantroponomástica sobre los nombres de pila en Tlalnepantla de Baz, México, y en Montpellier, Francia, durante el siglo XX, bajo una perspectiva comparada, así como un estudio sobre ese tipo de nombres en Santiago de Cuba, que va de 1960 a 1985. En este trabajo se estudian las muestras de actas de nacimiento del registro civil de 1960, parte de ambos corpus de Tlalnepantla y Santiago, colectadas en condiciones similares, con lo que se obtiene un panorama de la atribución nominal en cada ciudad. El marco teórico del estudio incluye los textos clásicos en onomástica; las teorías pragmasemánticas del nombre propio y del antropónimo, y los desarrollos actuales de la socioantroponomástica. La metodología es tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa (comparación de cada nombre con la fecha de nacimiento del portador, con el santoral católico y con los nombres de padres y abuelos). Se compara asimismo la influencia de los modelos atributivos tradicional y de la moda, en ambas ciudades. Las principales tendencias encontradas son: a) la permanencia del modelo tradicional en Tlalnepantla de Baz (especialmente la selección a partir del calendario católico), y b) un movimiento inicial hacia la neología, así como la presencia de algunos nombres prestigiosos, en Santiago de Cuba. Estos rasgos resultan de factores socioantroponímicos, que operan en 1960, que muestran la riqueza de prácticas tanto convergentes como divergentes, así como la necesidad de estudiar desde la socionomástica las variantes cubana y mexicana del español.
Incidental finding of rare hemoglobin: hemoglobin Bari in northeast Spain
Authors: Lahoz Alonso Raquel , Romero Sánchez Naiara , González Sánchez Ruth , Escobar Medina Antonia , López Martos Aurora M. , Domínguez García Marta , Beneitez Pastor David , Prieto Grueso Montserrat , Blanco Álvarez Adoración , Urban Giralt Susana , Esteve Alcalde Patricia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the techniques available for determining glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and also the method of choice for structural hemoglobinopathies screening. The objective of this case is to show how in a routine HbA1c test it is possible to incidentally find a hemoglobinopathy.

Case presentation
In a routine blood analysis, an abnormal value for the hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) was obtained during the study of HbA1c with HPLC on the ADAMS™ A1c HA-8180T. After suspecting it could be due to the presence of a hemoglobinopathy, the study of possible variants was expanded using electrophoresis and HPLC on the Hydrasys and Variant II analysers, respectively. Since it could not be identified by these conventional methods, a genetic study was also carried out using Sanger sequencing. The patient presented a low HbA2 (1.3 %) and a 24.9 % variant with a retention time of 1.95 min, compatible with alpha-globin chain variant. In the genetic study, the pathogenic variant c.138C>G was detected in the HbA

2
gene in heterozygosis, which resulted in the expression of the structural hemoglobinopathy known as hemoglobin Bari.

Conclusions
The initial screening for structural hemoglobinopathies allows its identification or suspicion especially when it was performed with HbA1c analysis, requiring subsequent confirmation and diagnosis by other techniques.
Recommendations for the study of monoclonal gammopathies in the clinical laboratory. A consensus of the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine and the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy. Part II: Methodological and clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and follow-up of monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Cárdenas María C. , García-Sanz Ramón , Puig Noemí , Pérez-Surribas David , Flores-Montero Juan , Ortiz-Espejo María , De la Rubia Javier , Cruz-Iglesias Elena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathies (MG) are a group of clinical entities characterized by the clonal expansion of monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein) secreting plasma cells (PC). This document presents the consensus recommendations of the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQCML) and the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) for the study of MG. The recommendations were established based on scientific evidence and the opinion of experts in MG from the clinical laboratory and clinical hematology fields. Recommendations are proposed for the diagnosis of MG and for patient follow-up according to the type of MG and whether or not the patient is undergoing treatment, and to monitor the disease stability, response to therapy and disease progression. With respect to the diagnosis, we describe the most recent criteria and classification established by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) for multiple myeloma (MM), smoldering MM, monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS) and other related entities. Indications are given about the analytical requirements and application of the different serum and urine laboratory tests (study, detection, identification and measurement of M-protein) and the bone marrow study. Recommendations on the clinical laboratory results report model are established to harmonize and ensure that all relevant information is available, including its content, expression, and interpretive comments.
Albumin determined by bromocresol green leads to erroneous results in routine evaluation of patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: van Schrojenstein Lantman Marith , van de Logt Anne-Els , Prudon-Rosmulder Elma , Langelaan Marloes , Demir Ayşe Y. , Kurstjens Steef , van der Horst Armando , Kuypers Aldy , Greuter Aram , Kootstra-Ros Jenny , van der Hagen Eline , Oostendorp Marlies , de Beer Roseri , Ramakers Christian , Bakkeren Dirk , Lindeboom Fokke , van de Wijngaart Dennis , Thelen Marc , Wetzels Jack , van Berkel Miranda 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Measurement of plasma albumin is pivotal for clinical decision-making in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Routinely used methods as bromocresol green (BCG) and bromocresol purple (BCP) can suffer from aselectivity, but the impact of aselectivity on the accuracy of plasma albumin results of CKD-patients is still unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of BCG-, BCP- and JCTLM-endorsed immunological methods in patients with various stages of CKD.

Methods
We evaluated the performance of commonly used albumin methods in patients with CKD stages G1 through G5, the latter divided in two groups based on whether they received hemodialysis treatment. In total, 163 patient plasma samples were measured at 14 laboratories, on six different BCG and BCP-platforms, and four different immunological platforms. The results were compared with an ERM-DA-470k-corrected nephelometric assay. The implications on outcome is evaluated by the proportion of patient results <38 g/L for the diagnosis of protein energy wasting.

Results
Albumin results determined with BCP- and immunological methods showed the best agreement with the target value (92.7 and 86.2 %, respectively vs. 66.7 % for BCG, namely due to overestimation). The relative agreement of each method with the target value was platform-dependent, with larger variability in agreement between platforms noted for BCG and immunological methods (3.2–4.6 and 2.6–5.3 %) as opposed to BCP (0.7–1.5 %). The stage of CKD had similar effects on the variability in agreement for the three method-groups (0.6–1.8 % vs. 0.7–1.5 % vs. 0.4–1.6 %). The differences between methods cause discrepancies in clinical decision-making, as structurally fewer patients were diagnosed with protein energy wasting upon using BCG-based albumin results.

Conclusions
Our study shows that BCP is fit for the intended use to measure plasma albumin levels in CKD patients from all stages, including patients on hemodialysis. In contrast, most BCG-based platforms falsely overestimate the plasma albumin concentration.
On multidimensional Schur rings of finite groups
Authors: Chen Gang , Ren Qing , Ponomarenko Ilia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For any finite group 𝐺 and a positive integer 𝑚, we define and study a Schur ring over the direct power

G
m

G^{m}

, which gives an algebraic interpretation of the partition of

G
m

G^{m}

obtained by the 𝑚-dimensional Weisfeiler–Leman algorithm.
It is proved that this ring determines the group 𝐺 up to isomorphism if

m
≥
3

m\geq 3

, and approaches the Schur ring associated with the group

Aut
⁡

(
G
)

\operatorname{Aut}(G)

acting on

G
m

G^{m}

naturally if 𝑚 increases.
It turns out that the problem of finding this limit ring is polynomial-time equivalent to the group isomorphism problem.
Effect of shallow doping on performance parameters of single heterojunction solar cell
Authors: Debnath Pampa , Chakrabarti Subhadeep , Dhar Adriza , Saha Sajib Kumar , Basak Arighna , Deyasi Arpan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fill factor and conversion efficiency of single heterojunction solar cell is analytically computed based on the shallow doping at GaAs quantum well region. Poisson’s equation is solved with suitable boundary condition applied at hetero-interface for both dark and illuminated conditions, corresponding to which open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are computed. Realistic dependence of minority carrier distribution on material layers and diffusion widths are taken into account for simulation purpose. Result exhibits that variation of acceptor density leads to better outcome in terms of both efficiency and fill factor, which is also critically depends on length of quantum well region. Doping of AlGaAs barrier layer has negligible influence on fill factor and conversion efficiency. Optimized dimension of quantum well layer width is the critical parameter for design of efficient solar cell, as revealed from the analysis.
Non-linear companding scheme for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems
Authors: Goel Ashish 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the critical drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Companding is an efficient scheme to limit the PAPR. Companding operation distorts the shape of OFDM signal, therefore reducing the PAPR with slight degradation in BER performance of OFDM signal. This paper proposes a non-linear companding transform, which transforms the ‘αth’ power of OFDM signal magnitude into a trigonal distribution. In the proposed scheme, design parameter ‘α’ is used to realize a better trade-off between PAPR and BER performance. Proposed scheme provides improved spectral efficiency and BER performance with a reduction in PAPR. We have also calculated the optimal value of design parameter ‘α’ to achieve the optimal BER.
Low Ang-(1–7) and high des-Arg9 bradykinin serum levels are correlated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Rostamzadeh Farzaneh , Najafipour Hamid , Nakhaei Samira , Yazdani Rostam , Langari Ahmad Alinaghi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is predictable that the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and kinin–kallikrein systems are dysregulated in COVID-19 (COV) patients because SARS-CoV-2 requires ACE2 to cause an infection. This study aimed to assess the serum levels of des-arg(9)-bradykinin (DABK) and angiotensin 1–7 (ang-(1–7)) in patients with COV who had the above-mentioned cardiovascular disease risk factors. In a cross-sectional study, 69 COV patients were selected among patients referred to the main referral center for these patients, in Kerman, Iran, and 73 matched control (non-COV) individuals among individuals who participated in the KERCARD cohort study. Serum levels of DABK and ang-(1–7) were measured by ELISA in the groups of CTL (healthy), HTN, DM, OB, COV, COV + HTN, COV + DM, and COV + OB. Ang-(1–7) levels were lower in the COV + HTN group compared to the HTN group. DABK levels were higher in the COV, HTN, and OB groups and in DM + COV subjects compared to their corresponding control group. The levels of ang-(1–7) and DABK were related to HTN and OB, respectively. According to the findings, we can infer that an increase in DABK production in those with the cardiovascular disease risk factors of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension or a decrease in ang-(1–7) in those with hypertension may contribute to the adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A new manufacturing process for allogeneic bone plates based on high hydrostatic pressure–treated granules for jaw augmentation
Authors: Graw Constantin Leon , Waletzko-Hellwig Janine , Sass Jan-Oliver , Jackszis Mario , Frerich Bernhard , Bader Rainer , Dau Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Currently used methods for processing allogeneic bone grafts like gamma irradiation are connected with downside of altering the mechanical properties of the graft. As an alternative, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) leads to an effective devitalization of cells without influencing the bone matrix and its mechanical behavior. To address the clinical application, bone plates were prepared out of HHP-treated bone granules, which are conceivable for augmentations in the jaw region. In order to achieve sufficient mechanical strength, two different adhesives were tested. Mechanical characterization by three-point bending tests was performed. Furthermore, analysis regarding cytotoxicity as well as colonization experiments with mesenchymal stem cells were performed to investigate osteoconductive properties of the bone plates. While plates composed of fibrin glue showed better biocompatibility, plates prepared with Loctite® 408 showed better mechanical properties and could be incorporated in a model application. Regardless of the adhesive, bone plates induced osteogenic differentiation compared to cells cultured without bone plates. Although an adhesive combining both properties would be necessary for later clinical application, the study at hand demonstrates the possibility of producing allogeneic bone plates from HHP-treated granules, which meet the basic requirements for jaw augmentation.
Waste newspaper activation using sodium salts: a new perspective
Authors: Hao Yeo Shi , Othman Norasikin , Ahmad Zaini Muhammad Abbas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Waste newspaper causes contamination to the environment. Conversion of waste newspaper into activated carbon is a potential strategy due to its high carbon content. This paper aims to summarize recent advances in the production of activated carbons from waste newspaper and their applications in adsorption and wastewater treatment. The physicochemical properties from the use of different chemical activators with special emphasize on sodium salts to facilitate the adsorption of water pollutants were compared. The high BET surface and cost effectiveness allow the waste newspaper-based activated carbon as an economical alternative to be mass-produced for wastewater treatment.
Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous cementitious materials: A review
Authors: Gao Yibo , Luo Jianlin , Li Zhiqing , Teng Fei , Zhang Jigang , Gao Song , Ma Minglei , Zhou Xiaoyang , Tao Xuejun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this review, the research reports on the dispersion processes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous cementitious materials are intensively introduced and summarized. The main processes for the CNTs dispersion in aqueous systems include high shear emulsification, ultrasonic treatment, covalent modification, and non-covalent modification. The influences of various factors on the dispersity of CNTs are evaluated, and the pros and cons of dispersion processes of CNTs are analyzed, along with the dispersion mechanism of CNTs in aqueous materials. Several novel techniques are also introduced, including arc thermal excitation and electromagnetic field-induced method, etc. In addition, the challenges when CNTs dispersion are further involved in cementitious alkali pore solution and the improvement means are also described in detail. And, the direct dispersion process (in situ growth process) of CNTs in cementitious materials has also been discussed in depth.
Sozioökonomischer Status, Mentoring und Chancengerechtigkeit
Authors: Falk Armin , Kosse Fabian , S. Stötzer Lasse 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag, der die Thünen-Vorlesung von Armin Falk auf der Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik widerspiegelt, ist der sozialen Ungleichheit und Chancengerechtigkeit in Deutschland gewidmet. Die empirischen Erkenntnisse der Forschung von Armin Falk, Fabian Kosse und Lasse S. Stötzer belegen zum einen eine erhebliche Gerechtigkeitslücke, da Kinder aus sozial schwächeren Verhältnissen auf multiple Weise in ihren Startchancen benachteiligt sind. Zum anderen zeigt sich aber, dass diese Lücken keinesfalls hingenommen werden müssen: Durch geeignete Interventionen, insbesondere Mentoringprogramme, können sie stark reduziert werden.