bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrate removal from groundwater by microscale zero‐valent iron and activated carbon: A nonpumping reactive wells experiment
Authors: Hosseini Seiyed Mossa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigated treatment of nitrate‐contaminated groundwater by mixing granular activated carbon (GAC, d50 = 1 mm) and microscale zero‐valent iron (MZVI, d50 = 50 nm and specific surface area = 22.5 m2 g−1) in a nonpumping reactive wells (NPRWs) system. A hexagonal pattern of NPRWs was implemented in a laboratory cylindrical aquifer model (80 cm height, Ø 90 cm) filled with natural coarse sand (0.82 mm). Besides NO3− (133 mg L−1), PO43− in elevated concentration (6.21 mg L−1) was also considered as an additional target ion in groundwater (ionic strength = 35 mM). A pumping well in the center of the aquifer model discharges the groundwater at a constant rate of 1 L h−1. A series of batch experiments was conducted to derive the reduction kinetics of the N species and PO43− in water. Based on the results of the batch experiments, a mixture of GAC/MZVI was also used as reactive materials within NPRWs in the aquifer model to remediate the contaminated groundwater. While the average percentage of NO3‐N reduction rate from groundwater by GAC‐based NPRWs was 0.6% g−1, the mixed MZVI/GAC in the same mass indicated an efficiency of 5.5% g−1. The aquifer tests showed that using mixed MZVI/GAC in NPRWs resulted in insignificant changes in pH (+3%) and EC (+7%) of groundwater outflows. The results of this study revealed that using the GAC‐mixed‐MZVI has great potential application in PRB system for nitrate removal from groundwater.
Exploring Covalent Bond Formation at Tyr‐82 for Inhibition of Ral GTPase Activation
Authors: Landgraf Alexander D. , Yeh I‐Ju , Ghozayel Mona K. , Bum‐Erdene Khuchtumur , Gonzalez‐Gutierrez Giovanni , Meroueh Samy O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRal RAS GTPases are directly activated by KRAS through a trimeric complex with a guanine exchange factor. Ral is considered undruggable and lacks an accessible cysteine for covalent drug development. Previously we had reported an aryl sulfonyl fluoride fragment that formed a covalent bond at Tyr‐82 on Ral and created a deep and well‐defined pocket. Here, we explore this pocket further through design and synthesis of several fragment derivatives. The fragment core is modified by introducing tetrahydronaphthalene or benzodioxane rings to enhance affinity and stability of the sulfonyl fluoride reactive group. The deep pocket in the Switch II region is also explored by modifying the aromatic ring of the fragment that is ensconced into the pocket. Compounds 19 (SOF‐658) and 26 (SOF‐648) formed a single robust adduct specifically at Tyr‐82, inhibited Ral GTPase exchange in buffer and in mammalian cells, and blocked invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer cells. Compound 19 (SOF‐658) was stable in buffer, mouse, and human microsomes suggesting that further optimization could lead to small molecules to probe Ral activity in tumor models.
Unrelated or haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in second complete remission for acute myeloid leukemia—Improved outcomes over time: A European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Acute Leukemia Working Party study
Authors: Al Hamed Rama , Ngoya Maud , Galimard Jacques‐Emmanuel , Sengeloev Henrik , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Kulagin Aleksandr , Platzbecker Uwe , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Byrne Jenny L. , Valerius Thomas , Socie Gerard , Kröger Nicolaus , Blaise Didier , Bazarbachi Ali , Sanz Jaime , Ciceri Fabio , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is the only cure for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in second complete remission (CR2). Patients lacking a matched sibling donor (MSD) receive transplants from matched unrelated donors (MUDs), mismatched unrelated donors (MMUDs), haploidentical (haplo) donors, or cord blood.MethodsThis is a retrospective, registry‐based European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation study that investigates changes in patient‐ and transplant‐related characteristics and posttransplant outcomes over time.ResultsWe identified 3955 adult patients (46.7% female; median age, 52 years [range, 18–78 years]) with AML in CR2 first transplanted between 2005 and 2019 from a MUD 10/10 (61.4%), MMUD 9/10 (21.9%), or haplo donor (16.7%) and followed for 3.7 years. A total of 725 patients were transplanted between 2005 and 2009, 1600 between 2010 and 2014, and 1630 between 2015 and 2019. Over the three time periods, there was a significant increase in patient age (from 48.7 to 53.5 years; p < .001), use of a haplo donor (from 4.6% to 26.4%; p < .001), and use of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (from 0.4% to 29%; p < .001). There was a significant decrease in total body irradiation and in vivo T‐cell depletion. In multivariate analysis, transplants performed more recently had better outcomes. Leukemia‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; p = .002) and overall survival (HR, 0.73; p < .001) increased over time. Similarly, nonrelapse mortality (HR, 0.64; p < .001) decreased over time. We also observed better graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) rates (acute GVHD II–IV: HR, 0.78; p = .03; GVHD‐free, relapse‐free survival: HR, 0.69; p < .001).ConclusionsEven in the absence of an MSD, outcomes of allo‐HCT in CR2 for AML have significantly improved over time, with most favorable outcomes achieved with a MUD.
An evolutive framework for server placement optimization to digital twin networks
Authors: Xiao Lijun , Han Dezhi , Weng Tien‐Hsiung , Chen Shaomiao , Deng Han , Souri Alireza , Li Kuan‐Ching 
Published: June 2023

SummaryDigital twin network (DTN) is a foremost enabler for efficient optimization in modern networks, as it owns massive real‐time data and requires interaction with the physical network in real‐time. When constructing a DTN, it is necessary to deploy many servers in the physical network for digital models' storage, calculation, and communication. Evolutionary algorithms show outstanding global optimization capabilities compared to the constructive heuristic method in such an optimization problem. However, due to the high dimensionality of the problem and the complicated evaluation of the deployment plan, evolutionary algorithms easily fall into the optimum local at a high computational cost, given that the server placement problem is an NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problem. In this research, we propose an evolutionary framework for server layout optimization that significantly improves the optimization efficiency of evolutionary algorithms and reduces the algorithm's computational cost. An offline‐learning‐based approach is used to reduce the search space, and a self‐examining guided local search method is proposed to improve the search efficiency. Additionally, a look‐up table‐based hybrid approach is used for solution evaluation, reducing computational overhead. Experimental results show that the proposed framework and optimization strategy can significantly improve the evolutionary algorithm search efficiency and achieve excellent convergence performance.
The association between preconception loss of control over eating and depressive symptom trajectories from childhood through first pregnancy
Authors: Magee Kelsey E. , Qu Yang , Cheng Yu , Hipwell Alison E. , Levine Michele D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveLoss of control over eating (LOC) during pregnancy impacts prenatal health and often co‐occurs with depressive symptoms. However, the role of depression history as a risk factor for LOC prior to pregnancy is unclear; information that is essential for effective prenatal health promotion. We examined the association between trajectories of depressive symptoms from childhood to first pregnancy and preconception LOC.MethodParticipants (N = 1031) were predominantly Black, first‐time mothers enrolled in the population‐based Pittsburgh Girls Study. LOC and depressive symptoms were measured annually. Pre‐pregnancy height and weight, and gestational weight gain data were abstracted from medical records.ResultsThere was a significant difference in age of first conception for Black and White individuals (t = 8.73, df = 976, p < .001). Latent class analysis revealed four and three classes of depressive symptom trajectories for Black and White individuals, respectively. In the entire sample, the high‐changing and moderate‐decreasing classes of depressive symptoms were each associated with lifetime, in preconception year and not in preconception year, LOC (X2 = 56.7, p < .001).DiscussionHigh levels of lifetime depressive symptoms may increase vulnerability to future LOC prior to first pregnancy, suggesting potential targets for interventions to improve maternal health.Public SignificanceBoth depression history and disordered eating behaviors are known to influence prenatal health. The present study revealed associations between high levels of depressive symptoms from childhood through first pregnancy and loss of control over eating that included the year prior to conception. Results highlight potential targets for preconception interventions with relevance for future prenatal health.
Reexamining the storage effect: Why temporal variation in abiotic factors seems unlikely to cause coexistence
Authors: Stump Simon Maccracken , Vasseur David A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe temporal storage effect—that species coexist by partitioning abiotic niches that vary in time—is thought to be an important explanation for how species coexist. However, empirical studies that measure multiple mechanisms often find the storage effect is weak. We believe this mismatch is because of a shortcoming of theoretical models used to study the storage effect: that while the storage effect is described as having just three requirements (partitioning of temporal variation, buffered population growth, and a covariance between environment and density‐dependence), models used to study the storage effect make four assumptions, which are mathematically subtle but biologically important. In this paper, we examine those assumptions. First, models assume that environmental variation leads to a rapid impact on density‐dependence. We find that delays in density‐dependence (including delays caused by competition between cohorts) weaken the storage effect. Second, models assume that intraspecific competition is almost identical to interspecific competition. We find that unless resource or predator partitioning are virtually absent, then variation‐independent mechanisms will overshadow the benefits of the storage effect. Third, models assume even though there is vast variation in the environment, species are equally adapted on average (i.e., zero fitness‐differences). We show that fitness differences are particularly problematic in the storage effect because specializing on temporally rare niches is far less effective than specializing on other types of rare niches. Finally, models assume that stochastic extinctions can be ignored, and invader growth can determine coexistence. We show that storage effects tend to reduce mean persistence times, even if invader growth rates are positive. These results suggest that the assumptions needed for the storage effect are strict: if the first or second assumption is relaxed, it will greatly weaken the stabilizing mechanism; if the third or fourth assumption is relaxed, it will create a diversity‐destroying effect that may undermine coexistence. We examine three real‐world communities—annual plants, tropical forests, and iguanid lizards—and find that empirical studies suggest that all three communities violate multiple assumptions. This suggests that the temporal storage effect is probably not an important explanation for species diversity in most systems.
Preparation of 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐pyrimidine Based Nucleosides: A Reinvestigation
Authors: Monfret Océane , Liu Dan , Rollando Paulin , Bourdreux Yann , Urban Dominique , Doisneau Gilles , Guianvarc'h Dominique 
Published: June 2023

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethyl‐pyrimidine‐based nucleobases have attracted attention in the last years due to their important role in gene regulation. It prompted the development of efficient routes to the corresponding nucleoside building blocks for further incorporation into oligonucleotides. Several pathways have been employed in recent years to access properly protected 5‐hydroxymethyl‐pyrimidine based nucleosides, including hydroxymethylation of 2’‐deoxyuridine, radical bromination of thymidine followed by bromine substitution, or carbonylative coupling through Stille conditions starting from 5‐iodo‐2’‐deoxyuridine. In this study, we review the different approaches currently used to introduce the 5‐hydroxymethyl moiety, we reinvestigate some of them, and finally, we propose an alternative route based on the oxidation of the methyl of thymidine followed by its reduction that allows access to protected 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine in a simple way with good yields. Finally, we present some examples of application including the synthesis of base J and 5‐azidomethyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine.
Male–male relationships in chimpanzees and the evolution of human pair bonds
Authors: Sandel Aaron A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe evolution of monogamy has been a central question in biological anthropology. An important avenue of research has been comparisons across “socially monogamous” mammals, but such comparisons are inappropriate for understanding human behavior because humans are not “pair living” and are only sometimes “monogamous.” It is the “pair bond” between reproductive partners that is characteristic of humans and has been considered unique to our lineage. I argue that pair bonds have been overlooked in one of our closest living relatives, chimpanzees. These pair bonds are not between mates but between male “friends” who exhibit enduring and emotional social bonds. The presence of such bonds in male–male chimpanzees raises the possibility that pair bonds emerged earlier in our evolutionary history. I suggest pair bonds first arose as “friendships” and only later, in the human lineage, were present between mates. The mechanisms for these bonds were co‐opted for male‐female bonds in humans.
A review on the edible mushroom as a source of special flavor: Flavor categories, influencing factors, and challenges
Authors: Jiang Chunping , Duan Xiaoyu , Lin Lin , Wu Wenjuan , Li Xiaolin , Zeng Zhen , Luo Qingying , Liu Yuntao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEdible mushrooms are highly valued for both their culinary and medicinal properties. Unlike traditional condiments, the complex flavor of mushrooms is not determined by a single component, but rather by the potential synergistic actions of several different components and chemical interactions. However, only a limited number of edible mushroom flavor compounds have been examined in detail, leading to an incomplete understanding of their overall flavor profile. To address this knowledge gap, it is necessary to conduct further scientific research on edible mushroom flavors to maximize their utilization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the flavor substances found in edible mushrooms, including both volatile and nonvolatile compounds, as well as the mechanisms by which various processing methods affect flavor. Additionally, we will explore the various factors that hinder the development of edible mushroom flavors and recommend strategies to further advance the technological and theoretical understanding of these unique and valuable food ingredients. In summary, by enhancing our understanding of the complex and unique flavor profile of edible mushrooms, we can better leverage their full potential as a valuable culinary and medicinal resource.
In vitro assessment of the effect of four polysaccharides on intestinal bacteria of mice with colitis
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Sun Yonggan , Nie Qixing , Hu Jielun , Su Wenwen , Guo Zheyu , Zhang Yanli , Nie Shaoping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolysaccharides are typically resistant to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and are instead degraded by gut microbiota in the colon. As such, they are commonly employed as carriers for colon‐targeted drugs, with the potential to regulate gut microbiota. Pectin, carrageenan, guar gum, and xanthan gum are commonly used polysaccharide carriers, but their degradation in the gut microbiota under colitis conditions as well as their effects on gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, we performed the in vitro fermentation of these four polysaccharides using colonic content microbiota from mice with colitis and evaluated the degree of polysaccharide degradation and the effects on pH, short‐chain fatty acids, and gut microbiota. Our findings indicate that pectin and guar gum had a greater degree of degradation and promoted the production of butyrate, inhibited the proliferation of harmful bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae), and increased beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium). In contrast, carrageenan and xanthan gum promote the proliferation of Enterobacteriaceae. These results provide theoretical guidance for the selection of drug delivery carriers for inflammatory bowel disease treatment and provide information on the relationship between polysaccharides and gut microbiota.
Multi‐emitting fluorescent system–assisted lab‐in‐a‐syringe device for on‐site and background‐free detection of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Authors: Tong Xia , Wang Tongtao , Cao Yuanxin , Cai Guihan , Shi Shuyun , Jiang Qiang , Guo Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerbicide residuals have posed severe threat to food safety and public health; thus, the development of smart, portable, efficient, and accurate on‐site detection system is in urgent demand. Here, a multi‐emitting fluorescent system‐assisted lab‐in‐a‐syringe (LIS) device was developed for the on‐site and background‐free determination of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D). 2,4‐D‐responsive cascade reactions were constructed: 2,4‐D could specifically suppress alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and restrain the generation of ascorbic acid (AA), MnO2 nanosheets would oxidize AA into dehydroascorbic acid that subsequently reacts with o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) to generate blue‐emission product (λem, 435 nm), whereas remained MnO2 nanosheets and OPD further produced yellow‐emission product (λem, 570 nm). Red‐emission carbon dots (RCDs, λem, 680 nm), synthesized via the solvothermal treatment of cilantro, were introduced to construct a multi‐emitting fluorescent system. Then, four paper pads, respectively, dropped with ALP, sodium l‐ascorbyl‐2‐phosphate, MnO2 nanosheets + RCDs, and OPD were held into reusable plastic filters and assembled paper‐based LIS device to trigger cascade reactions (total analysis time, 65 min) and eliminate background interference. As a result, with the support of color recognizer application in smartphone, fluorescent color on detection pads from blue–purple to red to yellow was achieved for the sensitive and visual detection of 2,4‐D with LOD of 5.0 μg L−1, recoveries of 94.6%–106.8%, and relative standard deviations of 2.3%–6.8%. Obviously, this strategy provides a robust, visual, and background‐free platform for 2,4‐D detection, which expands application prospects in the field of herbicide analysis.
The expression of ceruloplasmin in astrocytes is essential for postnatal myelination and myelin maintenance in the adult brain
Authors: Cheli V. T. , Sekhar M. , Santiago González D. A. , Angeliu C. G. , Denaroso G. E. , Smith Z. , Wang C. , Paez P. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCeruloplasmin (Cp) is a ferroxidase enzyme that is essential for cell iron efflux. The absence of this protein in humans and rodents produces progressive neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Astrocytes express high levels of Cp and iron efflux from these cells has been shown to be central for oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. To explore the role of astrocytic Cp in brain development and aging we generated a specific conditional KO mouse for Cp in astrocytes (Cp cKO). Deletion of Cp in astrocytes during the first postnatal week induced hypomyelination and a significant delay in oligodendrocyte maturation. This abnormal myelin synthesis was exacerbated throughout the first two postnatal months and accompanied by a reduction in oligodendrocyte iron content, as well as an increase in brain oxidative stress. In contrast to young animals, deletion of astrocytic Cp at 8 months of age engendered iron accumulation in several brain areas and neurodegeneration in cortical regions. Aged Cp cKO mice also showed myelin loss and oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes and neurons, and at 18 months of age, developed abnormal behavioral profiles, including deficits in locomotion and short‐term memory. In summary, our results demonstrate that iron efflux—mediated by astrocytic Cp—is essential for both early oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin integrity in the mature brain. Additionally, our data suggest that astrocytic Cp activity is central to prevent iron accumulation and iron‐induced oxidative stress in the aging CNS.
The psychological toll of the COVID‐19 pandemic on dental care providers in Iran: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Banakar Morteza , Vossoughi Mehrdad , Kharrazi Mani , Moayedi Sedigheh , Dehghan Mehdi , Mansoori Somayeh , Salehi Mohammad , Ahmadkhani Alireza , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe COVID‐19 pandemic affects social and psychological resources. Healthcare workers, especially dental personnel, are more at risk for mental issues due to anxiety, pressure, and frustration. This study assessed mental health outcomes during the COVID‐19 epidemic among Iranian dental care providers, focusing on insomnia, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsIn this multicenter cross‐sectional survey, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Global Psychotrauma Screening were masured. Six hundred thirty‐eight dental care providers (dental specialists, general dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, and dental students) from different parts of Iran (Tehran, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Mashhad) were investigated by the stratified sampling method. The univariate analysis was incorporated as independent in binary logistic regression models to analyze the data. In this study, the significance level was set at 0.05.ResultsAmong all the participants, 42.8% were dental students or residents, 21.9% were general or specialist dentists, 18.7% were dental assistants, and 16.6% were nonclinicians. The prevalence of insomnia, anxiety, and depression was 31.3%, 40.8%, and 54.9%, respectively. The frequency of participants in the low, moderate, and high levels of PTSD resulting from LCA 56.6%, 33.7%, and 9.7%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study found a significant frequency of mental health issues among Iranian dentists. Females, participants whose relatives have COVID‐19, and those with a higher workload were more likely to develop mental health symptoms. As mental problems among dental professionals might affect the quality of patient care, diagnostic, supportive, and therapeutic interventions should be taken.