bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifelong Learning, the European Union, and the Social Inclusion of Young Adults: Rethinking Policy
Authors: Holford John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter outlines the development of lifelong learning policy for adults since the early 1990s in the political, economic and social context of the European Union’s development. It explains the origins, approach, methods and organisation of the research project (Encouraging Lifelong Learning for an Inclusive and Vibrant Europe: ‘Enliven’) on which the book’s chapters are based. It introduces the project’s key theoretical approaches (bounded agency, policy trails). It outlines why developing an Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) formed part of the research, what this involved (including issues arising when social and computer scientists collaborate) and what researchers learnt from its development about the potential role of Artificial Intelligence in the policy process. The chapter also sets out the structure of the book.
Tutorial 2: OpenPhase Examples
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Salama Hesham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor the purpose of numerically exploring different microstructure evolution processes, the phase-field approach has been developed. Large domains and adequate models that combine many physical fields in statistically relevant volume elements are needed to describe these complicated processes accurately. In order to facilitate such development for multi-physics simulations, OpenPhase was developed for application in material science and engineering. This chapter presents two examples simulated using the OpenPhase software, grain growth and dendritic solidification. The corresponding input files for OpenPhase are listed and explained. Also, some hints for postprocessing are given.
Wormholes from heavy operator statistics in AdS/CFT
Authors: Sasieta Martin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We construct higher dimensional Euclidean AdS wormhole solutions that reproduce the statistical description of the correlation functions of an ensemble of heavy CFT operators. We consider an operator which effectively backreacts on the geometry in the form of a thin shell of dust particles. Assuming dynamical chaos in the form of the ETH ansatz, we demonstrate that the semiclassical path integral provides an effective statistical description of the microscopic features of the thin shell operator in the CFT. The Euclidean wormhole solutions provide microcanonical saddlepoint contributions to the cumulants of the correlation functions over the ensemble of operators. We finally elaborate on the role of these wormholes in the context of non-perturbative violations of bulk global symmetries in AdS/CFT.
High-level soccer players have a low rate of return to performance after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Sjövall Anari Sofie , Olsson Alexander , Öhlin Axel , Desai Neel , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Sansone Mikael , Lindman Ida 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a known cause of impaired sports performance in athletes and the relationship between FAIS and soccer players has previously been described. Hip arthroscopy is a viable treatment option that can facilitate athletes’ return to sport (RTS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the RTS and return to performance (RTP) with objective measurements in high-level soccer players after hip arthroscopy for FAIS.

Method
Soccer players, with a hip sports activity scale (HSAS) level of 7 or 8 before symptom onset and undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS between 2011 and 2019 were identified in the Gothenburg hip arthroscopic registry. A total of 83 high-level soccer players, with a mean age of 23.9 (SD 4.4) years at surgery, were included. To verify the activity level and further stratify players as elite or sub-elite, player statistics were collected from soccer-specific scout webpages and the Swedish national soccer association. The return to sport was defined as return to one game of soccer. Return to performance was defined as playing at the same level, or higher, and participating in at least 80% of the number of games played the season before symptom onset or the season before surgery either the first or second season after hip arthroscopy.

Results
In total, 71 (85.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 76.1–92.3%) of the players returned to sport the first or second season after surgery. Compared to the season before symptom onset, 31 (37.3%, 95% CI 27.0–48.7%) players returned to performance the first or second season after surgery, and 32 (38.6%, 95% CI 28.1–49.9%) players returned to performance the first or second season after surgery compared to the season before surgery.

Conclusion
A high rate of elite and sub-elite soccer players return to soccer after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. However, less than half of the players RTP when evaluating performance through level of play and number of games played.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Effectiveness of virtual reality-based programs as vestibular rehabilitative therapy in peripheral vestibular dysfunction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hazzaa Nagwa Mohamed , Manzour Ayat Farouk , Yahia Eman , Mohamed Galal Eman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo study the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) interventional programs as a vestibular rehabilitative method for patients with uncompensated peripheral vestibular disorders.MethodsThe databases PubMed, Google scholar, Embase and Cochrane Library were used (up to July 2021). Studies selected in this study were controlled trials in which virtual reality was used as vestibular rehabilitative therapy in comparison to any other vestibular rehabilitative methods or medical or dietary recommendations. Comparison was made in at least one of these outcomes measures; Subjective measures such as Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Vertigo Symptom Scale—Short Form questionnaire, Activities-specific Balance Confidence questionnaire, Dizziness Analogue Scale or Visual Analogue Scale, besides objective measures as posturography. Six articles were included in the meta-analysis; tested for heterogeneity of the estimates using chi-squared and I2 tests, outcomes were expressed as mean difference and 95% CI. Estimates from included studies were pooled using the random-effect model.Resultsvirtual reality as a vestibular rehabilitative intervention was able to improve scores of Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Vertigo Symptom Scale—Short Form questionnaire, Visual Analogue sale and posturography as outcome measures of vestibular rehabilitation.Conclusionvirtual reality has a potential clinical benefit for vestibular rehabilitation in peripheral vestibular dysfunction compared with conventional vestibular rehabilitation methods. However, further research is needed to document the exact parameters of an optimal protocol for virtual reality rehabilitation, the period needed for effective rehabilitation and its side effects.
Under recognition and treatment of lymphedema in head and neck cancer survivors – a database study
Authors: Stubblefield Michael D. , Weycker Derek 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Head and neck cancer (HNC) will be diagnosed in approximately 54,000 Americans in 2022 with more than 11,000 dying as a result. The treatment of HNC often involves aggressive multimodal therapy including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. HNC and its treatments are associated with multiple painful and function-limiting neuromusculoskeletal and visceral long-term and late effects. Among these is head and neck lymphedema (HNL), the abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid, in as many as 90% of survivors. Though HNL is common and potentially contributory to other function-limiting issues in this population, it is notoriously understudied, underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. This study seeks to determine the incidence of HNC-related lymphedema diagnosis and treatment in a large US healthcare claims repository database.

Methods
A retrospective observational cohort design and data from an integrated US healthcare claims repository—the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE) and Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits (MDCR) Databases spanning the period April 1, 2012 through March 31, 2020.

Results
Of the 16,654 HNC patients eligible for evaluation, 1,082 (6.5%) with a diagnosis of lymphedema were identified based on eligibility criteria. Of the 521 HNC patients evaluated for lymphedema treatment, 417 (80.0%) patients received 1.5 courses of MLD, 71 (13.6%) patients were prescribed compression garments, and 45 (8.6%) patients received an advanced pneumatic compression device.

Conclusion
HNL in this population of HNC survivors was underdiagnosed and treated compared with contemporary assessments HNL incidence.
MAQA: a quantum framework for supervised learning
Authors: Macaluso Antonio , Klusch Matthias , Lodi Stefano , Sartori Claudio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantum machine learning has the potential to improve traditional machine learning methods and overcome some of the main limitations imposed by the classical computing paradigm. However, the practical advantages of using quantum resources to solve pattern recognition tasks are still to be demonstrated. This work proposes a universal, efficient framework that can reproduce the output of a plethora of classical supervised machine learning algorithms exploiting quantum computation’s advantages. The proposed framework is namedMultiple Aggregator Quantum Algorithm(MAQA) due to its capability to combine multiple and diverse functions to solve typical supervised learning problems. In its general formulation, MAQA can be potentially adopted as the quantum counterpart of all those models falling into the scheme of aggregation of multiple functions, such as ensemble algorithms and neural networks. From a computational point of view, the proposed framework allows generating an exponentially large number of different transformations of the input at the cost of increasing the depth of the corresponding quantum circuit linearly. Thus, MAQA produces a model with substantial descriptive power to broaden the horizon of possible applications of quantum machine learning with a computational advantage over classical methods. As a second meaningful addition, we discuss the adoption of the proposed framework as hybrid quantum–classical and fault-tolerant quantum algorithm.
Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident
Authors: Wang Bin , Heng Liping , Sui Qian , Peng Zheng , Xiao Xuezhi , Zheng Minghui , Hu Jianxin , Fiedler Heidelore , Barceló Damià , Yu Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Coffee Samples by DI-SPME-GC/MS
Authors: Aresta Antonella Maria , Zambonin Carlo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRoasting is a crucial and essential step to produce quality coffee. However, it could lead to the formation of toxic and suspected carcinogenic or procancerogenic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this work, a simple and easily automatable green procedure based on solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography for the analysis of acenaphthene, anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, and pyrene, in dark roasted and decaffeinated commercial coffees, was developed. The method was optimized for the determination of the analytes both in solid samples, such as ground coffee or coffee grounds, and liquids, such as espresso coffee, using a polyacrylate-coated fused silica fiber (85 μm) by direct immersion. The performance of the analytical method, developed in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and recoveries, proved to be suitable for the applications. Among the 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons investigated in the selected coffees, chrysene and pyrene were the most representative congeners with values ranging from undetectable to 95.6 ± 11 ng/g for chrysene and from undetectable to 404.7 ± 42.0 ng/g for pyrene. Benzo[a]pyrene was detected in two samples of dark roasted coffee which therefore had the highest toxicity/carcinogenicity in terms of toxic equivalent. The estimated limit of detection for benzo[a]pyrene in ground coffee and coffee grounds was 9.0 ng/g. About 30% of the PAHs were transferred to the infusion while the remaining part was retained by the coffee grounds.
Superlubricity induced by partially oxidized black phosphorus on engineering steel
Authors: Gao Kai , Jiao Jianguo , Wang Zheng , Xie Guoxin , Luo Jianbin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMacroscale superlubricity has attracted increasing attention owing to its high significance in engineering and economics. We report the superlubricity of engineering materials by the addition of partially oxidized black phosphorus (oBP) in an oleic acid (OA) oil environment. The phosphorus oxides produced by active oxidation exhibit lower friction and quick deposition performance compared to BP particles. The H-bond (-COOH⋯O-P, or -COOH⋯O=P) formed between P-O bond (or P=O) and OA molecule could benefit the lubricating state and decrease the possibility of direct contact between rough peaks. The analysis of the worn surface indicates that a three-layer tribofilm consisting of amorphous carbon, BP crystal, and phosphorus oxide forms during the friction, which replaces the shear interface from the steel/steel to carbon—oBP/carbon—oBP layer and enables macroscale superlubricity.
The Role of Article 11 TFEU in the Greening of the ECB’s Monetary Policy
Authors: Calliess Christian , Tuncel Ebru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe European Green Deal and the European Climate Law highlight the EU’s commitment to strive for carbon neutrality. Considering the magnitude of the global challenge, it is evident that a green transition will not succeed without the efforts of every sector, including financial institutions. Concerns have been raised that central banks may, in fact, contribute to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions and, in consequence, aggravate global warming. This all has currently resulted in a rapid expansion of the debate on the potential role of central banks, and in particular the ECB, to consider climate objectives. In the European context, however, it is often argued that environmental sustainability lies outside the ECB’s traditional core mandate to focus on price stability. This article aims to introduce the environmental integration principle, laid down in Article 11 TFEU, in the ECB’s legal framework, and provide an analysis of the possibilities for and limitations to the greening of the ECB's monetary policy based on this provision. Although Article 11 TFEU has great potential with regards to the greening of sectoral policies, in legal literature, the provision has not gained enough academic attention in terms of the financial sector.
The Electoral Connection in Court: How Sentencing Responds to Voter Preferences
Authors: Boston Joshua , Silveira Bernardo S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDo elected judges tailor criminal sentences to the electorate’s ideology? Utilizing sentencing data from North Carolina’s Superior Courts—which transitioned from statewide to local elections in 1996—we study whether judges are obliging to voters’ preferences. We find some evidence of responsiveness: judges from liberal districts were more lenient, while those from moderately conservative districts assigned harsher sentences. Judges from increasingly conservative districts did not change their sentencing patterns, which leads to lower re-election rates. These findings suggest that judges adapt their behavior to retain office, or else they are held accountable by the public.
The role of advancing technology in the future of air transport
Authors: Wilkinson K. G. 
Published: March 2023

Subsonic jet transport has been with us now for about a quarter of a century. There are young people starting their careers today who have never known a sky without jet noise and the V-wing silhouette of a passenger carrying aircraft. Indeed, it must seem to them as permanent a feature of our world as the steam train between the world wars was to people such as myself; the big difference is, as I hope to show, that air transport has not yet reached a development plateau.Aviation has always been a dynamic industry, with a rapidly expanding technology and opportunity which has now taken it beyond the atmosphere, into space and onto the planets. The spectacular steps have not been taken in the first place for the benefit of commercial transport operations—although there have often been consequential advantages. Advances were pursued because they were thought necessary for the maintenance of effective armed forces and the provision of efficient weapons.
A view of the future—constraints and opportunities
Authors: Kayten Gerald G. 
Published: March 2023

The primary effects of aviation on society are cited fairly regularly by both the aviation community and its critics. Papers already presented at this conference and others have reviewed the direct benefits to commerce, economic development, and world trade, and the unfavourable aspects of energy usage and environmental disruption.There are also some secondary effects which in the long term may prove even more significant. The characteristic influences of improved transportation systems in general are magnified in the case of air transportation because of its greater scope and pace. The growth of a major transportation system eventually transforms almost every facet of society—the distribution of population within and among countries, the evolution of cities, the development of remote areas, the birth of new industries, the advent of multi-national corporations, the location and structure of governments, the interchange of social philosophies, and even the spread of disease. Increased mobility has accelerated the civil rights movements and the pressures for independence throughout the world. The full schedules of sporting events made possible by air transportation create an outlet for national rivalries on a relatively peaceful basis.
Civil transport aviation—progress and promise
Authors: Steiner J. E. 
Published: March 2023

During the incredibly brief period of the last 20 years, a revolution has taken place in air transportation. The magnitude and rapidity of change, and its worldwide impact, are probably unprecedented in history. The earth has shrunk so that no two points are much more than a day apart. World travel has become commonplace, bringing with it sociological changes of immense potential magnitude.Today we are standing on the threshold of an era of even greater growth in our industry and its contribution to the world.It is the purpose of this discussion to review progress and promise in the total air transportation system from the standpoint of passengers and freight, geography, technology, economics, regulation, airlines, and manufacturers. I would like to do this in three parts: (i) progress, (ii) uncertainties, and (iii) promise.
The future of rotorcraft in aviation
Authors: Jones J. P. 
Published: March 2023

I have for several years past been a strong proponent of the helicopter—by which I mean an aircraft in which the means of lift, propulsion and manoeuvre are all combined in one system, the rotor.It always seemed to me that, despite its ungainly appearance, there was a lot more to come if the benefits of new materials and new aerodynamics could be properly taken. I was reinforced in this view by the appearance of almost all the devices from compound helicopters through convertible aircraft to fan lift VTOL types with delta wings, which were supposed to outdo the helicopter. Of them all only one even looks like an aeroplane.But that there are limits to the helicopter is undeniable and I now find myself in the position where I can see, or believe I can see, almost the whole extent of helicopter improvement. So what, if anything, is to follow has become a frequent question. Will the new helicopter be such, given the peculiar nature of the tasks which it must perform, that nothing better is wanted, particularly by society which has for years wilted under the pressures of aeronautical progress?
Finite difference solutions of compressible viscous fluid flows over pitching bluff bodies
Authors: Leech C. M. , Chan D. 
Published: March 2023

Box-shaped containers when carried by cable harness from helicopters are known to have complicated motions, in many degrees of freedom and with varying degrees of stability. The resulting motions are caused by the complex aerodynamics of, for example, unsteady movements of the containers. These motions create, and are in turn sustained by, complex aerodynamic flows and forces.Steady forward motion of the container results in separation bubbles initiating from the container leading edges. Sometimes the separating stream surfaces will re-attach to the container surface at some station downstream from the leading edges. In other cases, no reattachment occurs and the container is considered to be in the ‘wake’ of the forward facing surface.Unsteadiness in the fluid motion, when induced most importantly, for example, by the pitching of the container, can significantly alter the criteria governing the formation of the separating stream surface and its re-attachment.
Aviation activities in global perspective
Authors: Lukasiewicz J. , Studnicki-Gizbert K. W. 
Published: March 2023

As the eighth decade of heavier-than-air flight comes to a close, it has become increasingly evident that the nature of progress in civil aviation is undergoing a significant change. The transition from an explosive growth to what has been referred to as maturity has been both swift and unexpected, and coincidentally enhanced by factors external to aeronautics. While the anticipation of timing of such a change usually calls for a predictive ability which borders on clairvoyance, the inevitabilty of occurrence of transition in the development of any technology should be clearly recognised. It should be thus neither surprising that the forecasts of the 1960s have badly missed the mark, nor that the period of transition has set in.As civil aviation moves into a new phase of development, it is of interest to evaluate the status it has attained globally as a mature industry and service, and to consider the factors which could significantly influence its future. We shall preface the global assessment with a brief review of the major causes of spectacular growth of aviation since 1945—an exercise necessary to appreciate the basis of maturity and the constraints now evident.