bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing effect of concanavalin A on the hemolytic activity of anti-Forssman IgG: the role of C1.
Authors: Langone J J , Sandor M , Ejzemberg R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Native tetravalent Con A and the divalent acetylated derivative increased the hemolytic titer (i.e., the reciprocal of the antibody dilution required to give an average of one lytic site per sheep erythrocyte) of IgG antibodies against Forssman antigen by up to 225% with guinea pig and human complement. Although the average number of lytic sites generated at each antibody concentration increased, the slope of the titration curve did not change. Other lectins with the same or different sugar specificity either augmented or inhibited hemolysis but were less potent than Con A. Augmentation by Con A was consistent with the ability of lectin on the cell surface to bind but not activate guinea pig C1. Thus it appears that cell-bound Con A and IgG yield a complex that behaves like a doublet of IgG antibody molecules in its ability to fix and activate C1, when activation is dependent on the IgG component. In contrast, the highest dose of Con A inhibited by at least 50% the hemolytic activity of IgG antibodies against either a sugar-free protein (HSA) or a protein reactive with Con A (human myeloma IgE) using cells to which these antigens were coupled with chromic chloride. This suggests that the identity, density, and/or mode of presentation of the antigen on the cell surface may be important determinants of lectin-induced augmentation. Although both the enhancement or inhibition by Con A in the presence of whole C correlated with the number of C1 molecules bound and activated, there was no correlation with the ability of the lectin to agglutinate the cells.
T cell and IR gene regulation of expression of a cross-reactive idiotype.
Authors: Bekoff M C , Levine H , Schlossman S F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immune response to the chemically defined DNP-oligo-L-lysine antigens is under Ir gene control in the guinea pig. Strain 2 (responder) guinea pigs mount a highly specific T cell-mediated and humoral immune response capable of discriminating closely related DNP-peptides. In contrast, strain 13 (nonresponder) animals fail to mount a cell-mediated response, and produce antibody that is only DNP-specific. In these studies a common idiotypic determinant is defined on highly specific anti-epsilon,DNP-Lys10 antibody produced by strain 2 guinea pigs. Ir gene nonresponder antibody is idiotype-negative. The presence of the idiotypic determinant distinguishes responder anti-epsilon,DNP-Lys10 antibody from responder antibodies elicited by structurally related antigens such as epsilon,DNP-Lys9 and alpha,DNP-Lys10-. Investigation of the regulation of idiotype expression demonstrated that production of idiotype-positive antibody requires the presence of viable, antigen-responsive T cells. Moreover, genetic analysis revealed that expression of the shared idiotype correlates directly with the phenotypic expression of I region genes (DTH responsiveness, Ia antigens) in (2 x 13)F1 x 13 backcross and randomly bred Hartley guinea pigs. Thus, Ir gene regulation of the immune response may be reflected in the v region specificities expressed by antigen-specific B cell clones.
Non-H-2-linked genetic control of murine cell-mediated lympholysis to autologous cells modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FTC-self).
Authors: Arora P K , Shearer G M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from mouse strains expressing the H-2b haplotype (C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, C57BL/10J, and C3H.SW) were compared for their ability to generate primary in vitro cytotoxic responses to autologous cells modified with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (FTC-self) or trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) (TNP-self). The resulting hapten-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were assayed on hapten-self Con A blast target cells. Among the four H-2b strains tested, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N were high responders, whereas C57BL/10J and C3H.SW were low responders for CTL generated against FTC-self. Studies using (C57BL/6J x C3H.SW)F1 responding cells and F1 or parenteral-modified stimulating cells indicated that the F1 cells generated cytotoxic activity equivalent to that of the high-responder strain C57BL/6J. Further comparisons of the C57BL/6J and C2H.SW strains indicated that C57BL/6J is a high responder to both FTC-self and TNP-self, whereas C3H.SW is a high responder to TNP-self but a low responder to FTC-self. The results of this study indicate that non-H-2-linked genetic control of CTL response to hapten-self depends not only on the self determinant but also on the foreign antigens.
The Basenji-Greyhound dog model of asthma: leukocyte histamine release, serum IgE, and airway response to inhaled antigen.
Authors: Peters J E , Hirshman C A , Malley A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To understand the immunologic mechanisms underlying the variation in airway response to inhaled Ascaris antigen (AA) in Basenji-Greyhound (BG) dogs having hyperreactive airways, we examined the relationship between leukocyte histamine release, Ascaris-specific serum IgE, changes in pulmonary resistance (RL), and decreases in dynamic compliance (Cdyn). All Ascaris-sensitive BG dogs showing airway responses to AA aerosol challenge exhibited an antigen dose-dependent release of leukocyte histamine, with total leukocyte histamine ranging from 68 to 123 ng/10(7) cells. Airway response to inhaled antigen more closely correlated with antigen dose releasing 50% total leukocyte histamine (RL, r = 0.94); Cdyn, r = 0.82), than with circulating levels of antigen-specific IgE (RL, r = 0.68; Cdyn, r = 0.69). We conclude that the airway response of sensitized BG dogs to AA inhalations is more dependent on factors affecting mediator release from pulmonary sources than circulating specific reaginic antibody.
Parasite- (antigen) specific stimulation of B and T cells in African trypanosomiasis.
Authors: Campbell G H , Esser K M , Phillips S M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C57BL/6J mice were immunized with irradiated Trypanosoma rhodesiense organisms. Splenic lymphocytes were subsequently obtained from immunized animals and were tested for blast transformation in vitro after exposure to soluble trypanosome antigens. Immune T lymphocytes were found to be the cells responsible for antigen-mediated blastogenesis to trypanosome antigens. In addition, trypanosome antigen preparations in higher concentrations stimulated B lymphocytes obtained from normal nonimmunized animals.
Deficiency of interferon-gamma but not interferon-beta in Arabian foals with severe combined immunodeficiency.
Authors: Yilma T , Perryman L E , McGuire T C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The results of a study on the induction of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-gamma in normal and SCID foals showed a deficiency of IFN-gamma but not IFN-beta in SCID foals. The ability of SCID mononuclear cells to produce IFN-alpha in response to poly I:C but not to NDV may indicate a partial deficiency of IFN-alpha in SCID foals. The deficiency of IFN-gamma and presence of IFN-beta in SCID foals supports the classification of IFN-gamma and IFN-beta as immune and nonimmune interferons, respectively. Furthermore, the deficiency of IFN-gamma in SCID foals may in part explain the high susceptibility to infections observed in SCID foals.
Formation of IgE-binding factors by rat T lymphocytes. V. Effect of adjuvant for the priming immunization on the nature of IgE binding factors formed by antigenic stimulation.
Authors: Uede T , Huff T F , Ishizaka K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rats were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) included in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or with the same antigen absorbed to aluminum hydroxide gel. Incubation of their spleen and MLN cells with homologous antigen resulted in the formation of IgE-binding factors. The nature of IgE-binding factors formed by antigenic stimulation was different depending on the adjuvant employed for priming and the period after immunization. If the lymphoid tissues were obtained 2 to 4 wk after antigen priming, IgE-binding factors derived from lymphoid tissues of KLH-alum-primed animals selectively potentiated the IgE response, whereas those produced by the lymphoid tissues of KLH-CFA-primed animals suppressed the IgE response. Analysis of purified IgE-binding factors from KLH-primed spleen cells revealed that the factors were heterogeneous with respect to their m.w., and that IgE-binding factors of a m.w. of 13,000 were responsible for the biologic activities. Thus, the 13,000-dalton factors obtained from KLH-alum-primed spleen cells selectively potentiated the IgE response, and those from KLH-CFA-primed spleen cells suppressed the IgE response. The selective formation of either IgE-potentiating factors or IgE-suppressive factors by KLH-primed spleen cells was observed only when the cells were stimulated by specific antigen. When the same KLH-primed spleen cells were incubated with IgE, IgE-binding factors formed in the cultures neither potentiated nor suppressed the IgE response. It was also found that stimulation of a mixture of BCG-primed spleen cells and KLH-alum-primed spleen cells with PPD resulted in the formation of IgE-suppressive factors; the stimulation of the same mixed cell suspension with KLH resulted in the formation of IgE-potentiating factors. The results collectively indicate that the nature of IgE-binding factors is decided by antigen-primed cells.
Idiotypic analysis of a monoclonal anti-Sm antibody.
Authors: Pisetsky D S , Lerner E A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Among murine models of autoimmunity, MRL mice are unique in their expression of antibodies to the nuclear antigen Sm. To assess genetic mechanisms in the control of this response, the idiotypes borne by a monoclonal anti-Sm antibody of MRL-Ipr/Ipr origin were investigated. Rabbit antisera were prepared against Y2, a hybridoma product with anti-Sm activity, and were rendered specific for idiotype by extensive absorption with normal globulins from BALB/c mice. In assays of idiotype by an inhibition ELISA, Y2 was shown to share idiotypes with Y12, another monoclonal anti-Sm derived from the same fusion as Y2; other monoclonal autoantibodies of MRL origin but different antigenic specificity failed to display idiotype activity in this assay. The presence of other anti-idiotypic specificities was revealed by absorption and elution of the anti-idiotype from an MRL globulin column; sera from both anti-Sm-positive and negative mice demonstrated these idiotypes. These results suggest that the predominant specificities detected by the anti-idiotype were unique to the monoclonal antibodies of the same animal, although there was also activity to idiotypes not related to anti-Sm binding molecules.
Structural and functional studies in C1q deficiency.
Authors: Chapuis R M , Hauptmann G , Grosshans E , Isliker H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The sera of two brothers were found totally lacking hemolytic C activity. One of them, a 16-yr-old male, presented a severe lupus-like syndrome, whereas the other was apparently healthy. Immunochemical quantitation of C components in both sera showed depressed levels of C1q, whereas the levels of C1r, C1s, and C1 inhibitor were elevated. C4, C3, C5, factor B, and beta 1H levels were in the normal range. Hemolytic C1 activity was totally lacking. C4 titers were elevated (150% of normal). C2 hemolytic activity was about one-third of normal, and the titers of the terminal components C3-C9 were also reduced in the two siblings. Double immunodiffusion against anti-C1q antiserum showed a partial loss of C1q antigenic determinants in the two siblings. Furthermore, the C1q of both siblings was unable to interact with immunoglobulins or to associate with C1r and C1s. Addition of purified human C1q to the sera restored their total C and C1 hemolytic activity. The dose response to the C1q addition was linear, indicating that the functional deficiency was not due to the presence of a serum inhibitor. Although antigenically deficient in comparison with normal C1q, the abnormal C1q appeared to have a larger m.w., as determined by gel chromatography. Investigation of other members of this family suggests a genetically linked disorder, because four out of six siblings had the same dysfunctional C1q in their serum.
Evidence for genetic control of microwave-induced augmentation of complement receptor-bearing B lymphocytes.
Authors: Schlagel C J , Ahmed A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetic control of 2450 MHz microwave-induced increase in complement receptor-bearing B lymphocytes (CRL) was studied using congenic, backcross, and recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice. Mice were exposed to 2450 MHz microwaves (0.6 W; 10-14 W/kg) in an environmentally controlled waveguide and were assayed for CRL on days 3 or 6 post-exposure. Genetic studies of responder X nonresponder F1 mice and backcross analysis of nonresponder X (responder X nonresponder) F1 mice indicated that microwave susceptibility was controlled by a single, dominant Mendelian gene. Crosses between two nonresponder strains failed to restore the responder state. The dichotomy in microwave susceptibility between two strains congenic at the H-2--T1a region on chromosome 17 (AKR-responder and B.6-H-2k-nonresponder) indicated the noninvolvement of the Crl-1 gene and that the essential gene was located outside the H-2 region. This was confirmed by the responsiveness of the C3H-H-2o strain, which possesses a nonresponder H-2 haplotype and responder background genes. The strain distribution of microwave responsiveness in the BXH RI lines demonstrated that the microwave-induced increase in CRL was controlled by a single regulatory gene located on chromosome 5. We also analyzed the microwave responsiveness of two congenic strains of mice that possess different C3H/HeJ segments of chromosome 5 inserted into a C57BL/6J background. The JGBF/LeTy strain exhibited an increase in CRL indicating it possessed the segment of C3H/HeJ chromosome 5 that controls microwave responsiveness. The C57BL/6JTy-le strain remained nonresponsive. This places the essential regulatory gene to the right of the PgM-1 locus and to the left of the rd locus on chromosome 5.
Analysis of recombinant inbred lines derived from "autoimmune" (NZB) and "high leukemia" (C58) strains: independent multigenic systems control B cell hyperactivity, retrovirus expression, and autoimmunity.
Authors: Datta S K , Owen F L , Womack J E , Riblet R J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relationship of B cell hyperactivity and retrovirus expression to other autoimmune traits were examined in recombinant inbred (N X 8 RI) lines derived from NZB and C58 progenitor strains. Although both NZB and C58 mice expressed high levels of xenotropic virus, the RI lines segregated in virologic phenotype, as high or low expressors of the endogenous virus. The expression of the C58-derived ecotropic virus occurred in only one-half of the RI lines, and its expression in the remaining lines of mice appeared to be suppressed by the NZB-derived allele at the Fv-1 locus. The inheritance of B lymphocyte abnormalities of the NZB progenitor strain was investigated by studying spontaneous and SRBC-induced production of IgM by the spleen cells of the RI lines. These two phenotypes of B cell hyperactivity were found to be determined by independently segregating genes and they were not linked to immunoglobulin structural gene loci. The strain distribution patterns of virus expression and B cell hyperactivity in the RI lines did not match with each other or with the inheritance patterns of other immunologic abnormalities, such as defective AMLR and production of autoantibodies.
Idiotypes of anti-Ia antibodies. II. Effects of in vivo treatment with xenogeneic anti-idiotype.
Authors: Epstein S L , Masakowski V R , Sharrow S O , Bluestone J A , Ozato K , Sachs D H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of in vivo treatment with xenogeneic anti-idiotypic antibodies were examined in an anti-Ia idiotypic system. Monoclonal antibody 14-4-4S, specific for Ia.7, has been shown to bear idiotopes that are expressed at readily detectable levels in conventional alloantibody responses. Sera from mice treated with purified anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) were found to contain inhibitory activity in an ELISA specific for the 14-4-4S Id, whereas sera from control mice treated with heterologous normal Ig did not. In addition, sera of anti-Id-treated C3H.SW mice contained specific anti-I-E activity, shown by binding to B10.A(2R) but not B10.A(4R) LPS blasts in flow microfluorometry. The anti-I-E induced by anti-Id included more IgG1 than IgG2. Even though a significant amount of anti-I-E activity was present in the serum, absorption analysis showed that most of the idiotope-positive antibody was not I-Ek-specific. Penetrance of induction of anti-I-E by anti-Id was 100% in the C3H.SW mice tested, and activity persisted in the serum for at least 8 to 9 mo in some cases. B10 mice produced only marginal anti-I-E activity after treatment, suggesting that induction is due to specific triggering rather than due entirely to a resemblance of anti-Id to the I-E antigen. The results thus indicate long-lasting alterations in an anti-Ia idiotypic system in the absence of exposure to conventional antigen, and represent specific manipulation of anti-Ia immunity.
Prepubertal orchidectomy induces thymic abnormalities in aging (NZB X SJL)F1 male mice.
Authors: Dumont F , Barrois R , Habbersett R C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Female but not male (NZB X SJL)F1 (NS) mice develop abnormalities of their intrathymic lymphocyte population in the course of aging. To determine the role played by androgens in this sex-related difference, we monitored the evolution of the cellular composition of the thymus in NS males deprived of androgens by prepubertal orchidectomy. Although in young mice this operation resulted in a twofold enlargement of the thymus, there was no histologic alteration or major change in the surface phenotype and mitogenic reactivities of the thymocytes, which suggests that all thymocyte subsets were increased to the same extent. In 12-mo-old control (BALB/c X SJL)F1 mice, prepubertal orchidectomy also produced an equal expansion (1.4-fold increase) of all thymocyte subsets. In contrast, in 12-mo-old orchidectomized NS males, there was a marked depletion of the thymic cortex and a hyperplasia of the medullary lymphoid tissue reflecting the selective expansion of a subset of phenotypically mature T cells (dull Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2+/-, dull PNA+) together with the emergence of intrathymic surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. These latter cells probably represented B cells because there was a concomitant augmentation of the mitogenic responsiveness in vitro of thymic cell suspensions to lipopolysaccharide. Such thymic abnormalities induced by prepubertal orchidectomy in old NS males resemble those occurring spontaneously in the NS females. This suggests that the absence of thymic disease in intact NS males is primarily due to a suppressive effect of androgens.
Monoclonal antibodies for immunochemical analysis of methanogenic bacteria.
Authors: Conway de Macario E , Macario A J , Kandler O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sixty-nine hybridomas were generated to produce monoclonal antibodies to species of methanogens representing three of the four families accepted at the present time: Methanobacteriaceae, Methanococcaceae, and Methanomicrobiaceae. The antibody of each of 29 hybridomas cross-reacted with a methanogen of the same species or genus as the immunizing (homologous) strain, whereas the antibody of the other 40 cell lines reacted only with the homologous strain. Inhibition-blocking experiments with compounds of known composition and structure were used to define the fine specificity of antibodies of four hybridomas representing the four genera of the methanogens used for immunization. The combining site of the monoclonal antibody against M. thermoautotrophicum delta H examined is specific for a structure in the pseudomurein involving N-acetyl-glucosamine but not the (1-3) linkage or the C-terminus gamma-Glu-Ala of the peptide, both of which are characteristic of pseudomurein, the cell-wall peptidoglycan distinctive of the Methanobacteriaceae. In contrast, the monoclonal antibody to the other methanogen of this family examined, M. arboriphilus DH1, recognizes a determinant involving gamma-Glu-Ala. Thus pseudomurein expresses at least two dissimilar antigenic determinants in different portions of the molecule. The monoclonal antibodies against M. vannielii SB and M. hungatei JF1, whose families do not possess pseudomurein, did not display specificity for analogues of pseudomurein.
Fibroblast stimulation in schistosomiasis. II. Functional and biochemical characteristics of egg granuloma-derived fibroblast-stimulating factor.
Authors: Wyler D J , Rosenwasser L J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis are unknown, but may be under the regulation of molecules secreted by the hepatic granulomas that encase the helminth eggs. Previous studies in mice demonstrated that isolated Schistosoma mansoni egg granulomas can elaborate in vitro substances that stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. The present study provides the initial characterization of the granuloma-derived factor(s). Serum-free cell culture supernatants from isolated granulomas contained activity that stimulated the uptake of (3H)-thymidine by quiescent human dermal fibroblasts. This activity was present in fractions (Sephadex G-200 chromatography) with estimated m.w. of 30,000 to 40,000. Activity eluted with linear salt gradients from ion exchange columns (DEAE Sephadex) with 0.4 to 0.7 and 1.5 to 1.8 M NaCl (pH 8.4). Activity was present in fractions with approximate pI of 6 to 6.5 and 4, prepared by flat-bed isoelectrofocusing of crude supernatant in granular gel. Activity that stimulated thymocyte proliferation in an interleukin 1 (IL 1) assay was present in crude granuloma supernatants as well as in the partially purified fractions that contained fibroblast-stimulating activity. We conclude that the granuloma-derived fibroblast-stimulating factor has biologic activity similar to IL 1 but on the basis of m.w. and pI determination is distinct from IL 1.
Analysis and preliminary purification of glycoproteins isolated from eggs in the urine of patients with Schistosoma haematobium infection.
Authors: Hamburger J , Lustigman S , Siongok T K , Ouma J H , Mahmoud A A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preliminary analysis and purification of glycoproteins from Schistosoma haematobium eggs were carried out with a small quantity of antigenic material obtained from the urine of infected human patients. A soluble egg extract was 125I-labeled and was fractionated by lectin affinity chromatography for separating egg glycoproteins. The crude glycoprotein fraction was run on SDS-PAGE to yield three polydisperse peaks with Rf values of 0.31, 0.57, and 0.84. 125I-labeled egg glycoproteins were further fractionated by ion exchange chromatography to yield four peaks or shoulders. One of these peaks constituted the major labeled egg glycoprotein of S. haematobium (MEGL-H) in a relatively pure form as determined by SDS-PAGE, and its estimated m.w. was 70,000. This glycoprotein was consistently and highly reactive serologically with a serum pool from schistosomiasis haematobia patients by a Farr-type radioimmunoassay (RIA). A limited cross-specificity study of inhibition RIA indicated that S. mansoni eggs contain components that cross-react only partially with MEGL-H. These results focus attention on MEGL-H as a potential serodiagnostic probe.