bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadcasting the ‘(anti)colonial sublime’: Radio SEAC, Congress Radio, and the Second World War in South Asia
Authors: Huacuja Alonso Isabel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article considers the Second World War’s effects on radio infrastructures and listening cultures in India through a detailed analysis of two radio stations: Radio SEAC and Congress Radio. Radio SEAC was a military radio station based in Ceylon targeting British soldiers stationed in Asia. It housed what was then one of the most wide-reaching transmitters. Congress Radio was a makeshift station in Bombay run by young and largely unknown anticolonial activists. While operating on vastly different scales and with rival goals, these stations’ political ambitions were surprisingly similar. Radio SEAC sought to restore confidence in the empire by invoking an old device of imperialism: what Brian Larkin calls the ‘colonial sublime’, the use of ‘technology to represent an overwhelming sense of grandeur’. Radio SEAC’s colonial sublime, however, was not aimed at colonized populations, but at disillusioned British soldiers, whose faith in the empire the station wished to revive. Congress Radio, in contrast, sought to summon what I call the ‘anticolonial sublime’ by deploying the aura of imperial technology against British rulers. Yet, whereas the colonial sublime required technologies to work smoothly, the anticolonial sublime did not. Congress radio broadcasters celebrated their station’s faulty reception, nurturing an aesthetic of rebelliousness. Analysing these two radio projects together, the article traces how the war shaped technological infrastructures while challenging conventional understandings about how radio connects with audiences. British administrators, like anticolonial activists, sought to bring about change less through programming content than through the aura of technological prowess they hoped their stations would generate.
On the effects of task focus and processing level on the perception–production link in second-language speech learning
Authors: Llompart Miquel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study presents a reanalysis of existing data to investigate whether a relationship between perception and production abilities regarding a challenging second-language (L2) phonological contrast is observable (a) when both modalities must rely on accessing stored lexical representations and (b) when there is an asymmetry in task focus between perception and production. In the original studies, German learners of English were tested on their mastery of the English /ɛ/-/æ/ contrast in an auditory lexical decision task with phonological substitutions, a word-reading task, and a segmentally focused imitation task. Results showed that accurate nonword rejection in the lexical decision task was predicted by the Euclidean distance between the two vowels in word reading but not in imitation. These results extend previous findings to lexical perception and production, highlight the influence of task focus on the degree of coupling between the two modalities, and may have important implications for pronunciation training methods.
Availability of calorie information on online menus from chain restaurants in the USA: current prevalence and legal landscape
Authors: Greenthal Eva , Sorscher Sarah , Pomeranz Jennifer L , Cash Sean B 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:Federal law requires calorie information on chain restaurant menus. We sought to assess the prevalence of calorie disclosures on online menus and determine if the menus are controlled by restaurants subject to US labelling requirements.Design:Cross-sectionalSetting:Restaurant websites and mobile apps for restaurant located in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and HoustonParticipants:US chain restaurants (top seventy-five by number of outlets) and third-party platforms (TPP): Grubhub, Uber Eats, DoorDashResults:There was at least one calorie disclosure (for at least one food or beverage, in at least one location) on sixty-eight of seventy-two (94 %) menus on restaurant websites or apps, thirty-two of fifty-five (58 %) menus on DoorDash, six of forty-nine (12 %) menus on Grubhub and thirty of fifty-nine (51 %) menus on Uber Eats. There was consistent calorie labelling (all foods and beverages, all locations) on forty-three of seventy-two (60 %) menus on restaurant websites or apps, fifteen of fifty-five (27 %) menus on DoorDash, three of forty-nine (6 %) menus on Grubhub and eleven of fifty-nine (19 %) menus on Uber Eats. Only four restaurant chains consistently labelled calories for all items, in all locations, on all platforms where their menus were found. All three TPP provided restaurants the ability to enter and modify menu items, making the menus subject to US labelling requirements. Only Uber Eats provided guidance to restaurants on entering calorie information.Conclusions:As consumers increasingly rely on TPP for restaurant ordering, menus on these platforms should include calories in order to promote transparency and nutrition.
Future Response of Antarctic Continental Shelf Temperatures to Ice Shelf Basal Melting and Calving
Authors: Thomas Max , Ridley Jeff K. , Smith Inga J. , Stevens David P. , Holland Paul R. , Mackie Shona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate feedbacks between subsurface continental shelf ocean temperatures and Antarctic glacial melt using a coupled climate model. The model was forced with SSP5‐8.5 and an uncoupled projection of basal melt and calving fluxes. SSP5‐8.5 forcing with fixed pre‐industrial glacial melt warms all continental shelves, such that historically “cool” and “fresh” shelves transition to “warm.” Additional glacial melt, added at depth, cools the Eastern Ross, Amundsen, and Bellingshausen seas, suggesting a negative feedback on basal melt—a novel result for a coarse resolution coupled model. From the Weddell Sea, along East Antarctica, and into the western Ross Sea—where continental shelves transition to a “warm” state—additional glacial melt increases temperatures at the continental shelf sea floor, suggesting a positive feedback. The sign of the glacial melt–subsurface temperature feedback is critically dependent on continental shelf properties, climate state, and the vertical distribution of glacial melt inputs.
Global Projections of Storm Surges Using High‐Resolution CMIP6 Climate Models
Authors: Muis Sanne , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. , Á. Antolínez José A. , Dullaart Job C. , Duong Trang Minh , Erikson Li , Haarsma Rein J. , Apecechea Maialen Irazoqui , Mengel Matthias , Le Bars Dewi , O’Neill Andrea , Ranasinghe Roshanka , Roberts Malcolm J. , Verlaan Martin , Ward Philip J. , Yan Kun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the coming decades, coastal flooding will become more frequent due to sea‐level rise and potential changes in storms. To produce global storm surge projections from 1950 to 2050, we force the Global Tide and Surge Model with a ∼25‐km resolution climate model ensemble from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP). This is the first time that such a high‐resolution ensemble is used to assess changes in future storm surges across the globe. We validate the present epoch (1985–2014) against the ERA5 climate reanalysis, which shows a good overall agreement. However, there is a clear spatial bias with generally a positive bias in coastal areas along semi‐enclosed seas and negative bias in equatorial regions. Comparing the future epoch (2021–2050) against the historical epoch (1951–1980), we project ensemble‐median changes up to 0.1 (or 20%) in the 1 in 10‐year storm surge levels. These changes are not uniform across the globe with decreases along the coast of Mediterranean and northern Africa and southern Australia and increases along the south coast of Australia and Alaska. There are also increases along (parts) of the coasts of northern Caribbean, eastern Africa, China and the Korean peninsula, but with less agreement among the HighResMIP ensemble. Information resulting from this study can be used to inform broad‐scale assessment of coastal impacts under future climate change.
Global Ionosphere Modeling Based on GNSS, Satellite Altimetry, Radio Occultation, and DORIS Data Considering Ionospheric Variation
Authors: Chen Jun , Ren Xiaodong , Yang Pengxin , Xu Guozhen , Huang Liangke , Xiong Si , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe accuracy of ionospheric models estimated by ground‐based multiple global navigation satellite system ionospheric data over regions with sparse tracking stations is not ideal. To improve the accuracy of the estimated ionospheric model, different types of ionospheric data with different combinations were employed for previous studies. However, the ionospheric observational ranges for different types of ionospheric data are not the same. In this study, the accuracy of ionospheric maps generated by ground‐based ionospheric data (ground‐based strategy) and ground‐based ionospheric data combined with data provided by other geodetic measurements normalized by the single‐layer normalization method (multi‐source strategy) were studied. The results showed that the main differences between the ionospheric models estimated by the two strategies occur for data taken over the ocean, which mainly range from −1 to 0 total electron content unit (TECU). When assessed using Jason‐3 vertical total electron content data, the mean root mean square (RMS) value of the ionospheric model estimated by the multi‐source strategy was 5.03 TECU, which is approximately 15% smaller than that estimated by the ground‐based strategy. The maximum reduction in results using the multisource strategy was approximately 25% over different latitudes compared with that of the ground‐based strategy. Furthermore, the self‐consistency evaluation method was employed for evaluation. The results showed that the RMS of the ionospheric model estimated by the multi‐source strategy was 2.41 TECU, which is 3.60% better than that of the ground‐based strategy. The maximum reduction was 15% on different days.
Quantifying the Structure and Extension Rate of the Linfen Basin, Shanxi Rift System Since the Latest Miocene: Implications for Continental Magma‐Poor Rifting
Authors: Su Peng , He Honglin , Liu Yiduo , Shi Feng , Granger Darryl E. , Kirby Eric , Luo Lan , Han Fei , Lu Renqi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe formation of magma‐poor continental rifts is an enigmatic process, as the weakening mechanism(s) for cratonic lithosphere remains uncertain in the absence of elevated lithospheric temperature. One view links weakening to melts hidden at depth, while another ascribes it to pre‐existing weaknesses. Long‐term extensional rates also influence lithospheric strength and rift evolution. We target the Linfen Basin (LB) in the magma‐poor Shanxi Rift System (SRS) in the North China Craton to understand these components. We apply cosmogenic 26Al/10Be burial dating on 14 core samples at different depths from three deep boreholes in the basin and obtain six valid burial ages ranging from 2.37+1.18/−1.21 to 5.86+inf/−1.37 Ma. We further re‐interpret a seismic reflection profile and quantify the geometry and amount of extension by forward structural modeling with multiple constraints based on extensional fault‐bend folding theory. The timing of the basal sedimentation is estimated to be ∼6.1 and ∼4.2 Ma in the southern and northern portions, respectively, indicating diachronous, northward‐propagating rifting. The amount and mean rate of extension are ∼3.6 km and ∼0.9 km/Myr, respectively. The basin depths increasing northward indicates the clockwise rotation of the basin. We propose a basin‐scale non‐rigid transtensional bookshelf faulting model to explain the rotation patterns of the circum‐Ordos basins. We argue that the inherited structures weaken the cratonic lithosphere of the SRS, and the low extension rate contributes to its magma‐poor nature. We propose a lithospheric‐scale evolution model for the LB, invoking the inherited crustal weakness, low extension rate, and lower lithosphere counterflow.
Effect of various types of milk on salivary pH among children: a pilot randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Zamzam Rouaa , Karkoutly Mawia , Bshara Nada 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate salivary pH changes after consuming three types of milk in children aged 3–5 years. The null hypothesis was that no statistically significant difference would be noted in the salivary pH between high-protein, full-fat, and sweetened milk groups at different time points.

Materials and methods
This was a double-blind, pilot randomized controlled crossover trial. 30 Children have undergone three experimental sessions with a 1-week washout period. Each child was given 250 mL of one of the following types of milk: high-protein, full-fat, or sweetened milk. The salivary pH was measured at the baseline (t0) after 5 (t1), 10 (t2), 15 (t3), 30 (t4), and 60 (t5) minutes of milk consumption, using a pH saliva indicator strip.

Results
There is a sharp drop in salivary pH after 5 min of sweetened (P < 0.05) and full-fat milk consumption (p < 0.05). However, the initial drop in the salivary pH was found to remain above the critical level. For the high-protein milk group, salivary pH decreased slightly after 5 min but was similar to that at the baseline (p = 0.573). In the high-protein milk group (p < 0.05), the salivary pH was slightly greater than the baseline value at t5.

Conclusions
The study shows an initial suggestion that milk is a non-cariogenic beverage, even when sugar is added. Furthermore, high-protein milk has a protective effect from dental caries.
Gut barrier defects, intestinal immune hyperactivation and enhanced lipid catabolism drive lethality in NGLY1-deficient Drosophila
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Galeone Antonio , Han Seung Yeop , Story Benjamin A. , Consonni Gaia , Mueller William F. , Steinmetz Lars M. , Vaccari Thomas , Jafar-Nejad Hamed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntestinal barrier dysfunction leads to inflammation and associated metabolic changes. However, the relative impact of gut bacteria versus non-bacterial insults on animal health in the context of barrier dysfunction is not well understood. Here, we establish that loss of Drosophila N-glycanase 1 (Pngl) in a specific intestinal cell type leads to gut barrier defects, causing starvation and JNK overactivation. These abnormalities, along with loss of Pngl in enterocytes and fat body, result in Foxo overactivation, leading to hyperactive innate immune response and lipid catabolism and thereby contributing to lethality. Germ-free rearing of Pngl mutants rescued their developmental delay but not lethality. However, raising Pngl mutants on isocaloric, fat-rich diets partially rescued lethality. Our data indicate that Pngl functions in Drosophila larvae to establish the gut barrier, and that the lethality caused by loss of Pngl is primarily mediated through non-bacterial induction of immune and metabolic abnormalities.
Myxobacteria restrain Phytophthora invasion by scavenging thiamine in soybean rhizosphere via outer membrane vesicle-secreted thiaminase I
Authors: Xia Chengyao , Zhao Yuqiang , Zhang Lei , Li Xu , Cheng Yang , Wang Dongming , Xu Changsheng , Qi Mengyi , Wang Jihong , Guo Xiangrui , Ye Xianfeng , Huang Yan , Shen Danyu , Dou Daolong , Cao Hui , Li Zhoukun , Cui Zhongli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPublic metabolites such as vitamins play critical roles in maintaining the ecological functions of microbial community. However, the biochemical and physiological bases for fine-tuning of public metabolites in the microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the interactions between myxobacteria andPhytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen of soybean. We find that host plant and soil microbes complementP. sojae’s auxotrophy for thiamine. Whereas, myxobacteria inhibitsPhytophthoragrowth by a thiaminase I CcThi1 secreted into extracellular environment via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). CcThi1 scavenges the required thiamine and thus arrests the thiamine sharing behavior ofP. sojaefrom the supplier, which interferes with amino acid metabolism and expression of pathogenic effectors, probably leading to impairment ofP. sojaegrowth and pathogenicity. Moreover, myxobacteria and CcThi1 are highly effective in regulating the thiamine levels in soil, which is correlated with the incidence of soybeanPhytophthoraroot rot. Our findings unravel a novel ecological tactic employed by myxobacteria to maintain the interspecific equilibrium in soil microbial community.
Quantifying the causal impact of biological risk factors on healthcare costs
Authors: Lee Jiwoo , Jukarainen Sakari , Karvanen Antti , Dixon Padraig , Davies Neil M. , Smith George Davey , Natarajan Pradeep , Ganna Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the causal impact that clinical risk factors have on healthcare-related costs is critical to evaluate healthcare interventions. Here, we used a genetically-informed design, Mendelian Randomization (MR), to infer the causal impact of 15 risk factors on annual total healthcare costs. We calculated healthcare costs for 373,160 participants from the FinnGen Study and replicated our results in 323,774 individuals from the United Kingdom and Netherlands. Robust causal effects were observed for waist circumference (WC), adult body mass index, and systolic blood pressure, in which a standard deviation increase corresponded to 22.78% [95% CI: 18.75-26.95], 13.64% [10.26-17.12], and 13.08% [8.84-17.48] increased healthcare costs, respectively. A lack of causal effects was observed for certain clinically relevant biomarkers, such as albumin, C-reactive protein, and vitamin D. Our results indicated that increased WC is a major contributor to annual total healthcare costs and more attention may be given to WC screening, surveillance, and mitigation.
Plasmodium ARK2 and EB1 drive unconventional spindle dynamics, during chromosome segregation in sexual transmission stages
Authors: Zeeshan Mohammad , Rea Edward , Abel Steven , Vukušić Kruno , Markus Robert , Brady Declan , Eze Antonius , Rashpa Ravish , Balestra Aurelia C. , Bottrill Andrew R. , Brochet Mathieu , Guttery David S. , Tolić Iva M. , Holder Anthony A. , Le Roch Karine G. , Tromer Eelco C. , Tewari Rita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Aurora family of kinases orchestrates chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during cell division, with precise spatiotemporal regulation of its catalytic activities by distinct protein scaffolds. Plasmodium spp., the causative agents of malaria, are unicellular eukaryotes with three unique and highly divergent aurora-related kinases (ARK1-3) that are essential for asexual cellular proliferation but lack most canonical scaffolds/activators. Here we investigate the role of ARK2 during sexual proliferation of the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei, using a combination of super-resolution microscopy, mass spectrometry, and live-cell fluorescence imaging. We find that ARK2 is primarily located at spindle microtubules in the vicinity of kinetochores during both mitosis and meiosis. Interactomic and co-localisation studies reveal several putative ARK2-associated interactors including the microtubule-interacting protein EB1, together with MISFIT and Myosin-K, but no conserved eukaryotic scaffold proteins. Gene function studies indicate that ARK2 and EB1 are complementary in driving endomitotic division and thereby parasite transmission through the mosquito. This discovery underlines the flexibility of molecular networks to rewire and drive unconventional mechanisms of chromosome segregation in the malaria parasite.
Fast viral dynamics revealed by microsecond time-resolved cryo-EM
Authors: Harder Oliver F. , Barrass Sarah V. , Drabbels Marcel , Lorenz Ulrich J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObserving proteins as they perform their tasks has largely remained elusive, which has left our understanding of protein function fundamentally incomplete. To enable such observations, we have recently proposed a technique that improves the time resolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to microseconds. Here, we demonstrate that microsecond time-resolved cryo-EM enables observations of fast protein dynamics. We use our approach to elucidate the mechanics of the capsid of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), whose large-amplitude motions play a crucial role in the viral life cycle. We observe that a pH jump causes the extended configuration of the capsid to contract on the microsecond timescale. While this is a concerted process, the motions of the capsid proteins involve different timescales, leading to a curved reaction path. It is difficult to conceive how such a detailed picture of the dynamics could have been obtained with any other method, which highlights the potential of our technique. Crucially, our experiments pave the way for microsecond time-resolved cryo-EM to be applied to a broad range of protein dynamics that previously could not have been observed. This promises to fundamentally advance our understanding of protein function.
Effects and safety of virtual reality-based mindfulness in patients with psychosis: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Lee Bo Mi , Kim Sung-Wan , Lee Bong Ju , Won Seung-Hee , Park Yong-han , Kang Chae Yeong , Li Ling , Rami Fatima Zahra , Chung Young-Chul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) technology can be a supporting tool to enhance mindfulness. Recently, many research using VR-based mindfulness (VBM) has been carried out in various psychiatric disorders but not in psychosis. We investigated safety and effects of virtual reality-based mindfulness (VBM) in patients with psychosis as a pilot study. Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to VBM or to VR control. For VBM, education and meditation videos were provided. For VR control, 3-dimensional natural scenes were shown. Both programs consisted of 8 weekly sessions, each lasting about 30 min. Pre- and post-assessments were performed using the experiences questionnaire (EQ), psychotic symptom rating scales-delusion (PSYRATS-D), PSYRATS-auditory hallucinations (AH), motivation and pleasure scale-self rating (MAP-SR) and etc. The safety questionnaire was also surveyed after 1st and 8th session. Physiological measures such as skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate (HR) and RR interval, were collected during the VR interventions. Limited individuals participated in the safety questionnaire and physiological measures. All the results were presented in mean and standard deviation. We did not observe significant results in group x time interaction and main effects of group and time in the decentering and clinical scales. However, within group comparison showed that patients randomized to VBM showed increased decentering (p = 0.029) and decreased amount (p = 0.032) and duration of preoccupation (p = 0.016) in the PSYRATS-D. For the feelings and motivations about close caring relationships of the MAP-SR, we observed a significant group x time interaction (p = 0.027). The frequency of VR sickness was high but its severity was mild. There were significant differences only in HR over time in the VBM group (p = 0.01). These results suggest that VBM was not more effective in reducing decentering and psychiatric symptoms than VR control but its adversity was modest.