bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning‐assisted model‐based off‐resonance correction for non‐Cartesian SWI
Authors: Daval‐Frérot Guillaume , Massire Aurélien , Mailhé Boris , Nadar Mariappan , Bapst Blanche , Luciani Alain , Vignaud Alexandre , Ciuciu Philippe 
Published: June 2023

PurposePatient‐induced inhomogeneities in the static magnetic field cause distortions and blurring (off‐resonance artifacts) during acquisitions with long readouts such as in SWI. Conventional versatile correction methods based on extended Fourier models are too slow for clinical practice in computationally demanding cases such as 3D high‐resolution non‐Cartesian multi‐coil acquisitions.TheoryMost reconstruction methods can be accelerated when performing off‐resonance correction by reducing the number of iterations, compressed coils, and correction components. Recent state‐of‐the‐art unrolled deep learning architectures could help but are generally not adapted to corrupted measurements as they rely on the standard Fourier operator in the data consistency term. The combination of correction models and neural networks is therefore necessary to reduce reconstruction times.MethodsHybrid pipelines using UNets were trained stack‐by‐stack over 99 SWI 3D SPARKLING 20‐fold accelerated acquisitions at 0.6 mm isotropic resolution using different off‐resonance correction methods. Target images were obtained using slow model‐based corrections based on self‐estimated field maps. The proposed strategies, tested over 11 volumes, are compared to model‐only and network‐only pipelines.ResultsThe proposed hybrid pipelines achieved scores competing with two to three times slower baseline methods, and neural networks were observed to contribute both as pre‐conditioner and through inter‐iteration memory by allowing more degrees of freedom over the model design.ConclusionA combination of model‐based and network‐based off‐resonance correction was proposed to significantly accelerate conventional methods. Different promising synergies were observed between acceleration factors (iterations, coils, correction) and model/network that could be expanded in the future.
B1 mapping using pre‐learned subspaces for quantitative brain imaging
Authors: Zhang Tianxiao , Zhao Yibo , Jin Wen , Li Yudu , Guo Rong , Ke Ziwen , Luo Jie , Li Yao , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: June 2023

PurposeTo develop a machine learning‐based method for estimation of both transmitter and receiver B1 fields desired for correction of the B1 inhomogeneity effects in quantitative brain imaging.Theory and MethodsA subspace model‐based machine learning method was proposed for estimation of B1t and B1r fields. Probabilistic subspace models were used to capture scan‐dependent variations in the B1 fields; the subspace basis and coefficient distributions were learned from pre‐scanned training data. Estimation of the B1 fields for new experimental data was achieved by solving a linear optimization problem with prior distribution constraints. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method for B1 inhomogeneity correction in quantitative brain imaging scenarios, including T1 and proton density (PD) mapping from variable‐flip‐angle spoiled gradient‐echo (SPGR) data as well as neurometabolic mapping from MRSI data, using phantom, healthy subject and brain tumor patient data.ResultsIn both phantom and healthy subject data, the proposed method produced high‐quality B1 maps. B1 correction on SPGR data using the estimated B1 maps produced significantly improved T1 and PD maps. In brain tumor patients, the proposed method produced more accurate and robust B1 estimation and correction results than conventional methods. The B1 maps were also applied to MRSI data from tumor patients and produced improved neurometabolite maps, with better separation between pathological and normal tissues.ConclusionThis work presents a novel method to estimate B1 variations using probabilistic subspace models and machine learning. The proposed method may make correction of B1 inhomogeneity effects more robust in practical applications.
Probing muscle recovery following downhill running using precise mapping ofMRI T2relaxation times
Authors: Holodov Maria , Markus Irit , Solomon Chen , Shahar Shimon , Blumenfeld‐Katzir Tamar , Gepner Yftach , Ben‐Eliezer Noam 
Published: June 2023

PurposePostexercise recovery rate is a vital component of designing personalized training protocols and rehabilitation plans. Tracking exercise‐induced muscle damage and recovery requires sensitive tools that can probe the muscles' state and composition noninvasively.MethodsTwenty‐four physically active males completed a running protocol consisting of a 60‐min downhill run on a treadmill at −10% incline and 65% of maximal heart rate. Quantitative mapping of MRI T2was performed using the echo‐modulation‐curve algorithm before exercise, and at two time points: 1 h and 48 h after exercise.ResultsT2values increased by 2%–4% following exercise in the primary mover muscles and exhibited further elevation of 1% after 48 h. For the antagonist muscles, T2values increased only at the 48‐h time point (2%–3%). Statistically significant decrease in the SD of T2values was found following exercise for all tested muscles after 1 h (16%–21%), indicating a short‐term decrease in the heterogeneity of the muscle tissue.ConclusionMRI T2relaxation time constitutes a useful quantitative marker for microstructural muscle damage, enabling region‐specific identification for short‐term and long‐term systemic processes, and sensitive assessment of muscle recovery following exercise‐induced muscle damage. The variability in T2changes across different muscle groups can be attributed to their different role during downhill running, with immediate T2elevation occurring in primary movers, followed by delayed elevation in both primary and antagonist muscle groups, presumably due to secondary damage caused by systemic processes.
Always on alert: How relatives of family members with dementia experience the transition from home to permanent nursing home placement
Authors: Bjørge Heidi , Halvorsrud Liv , Goyal Alka Rani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimOur aim was to gain insight into how the relatives of family members with dementia have experienced their family members' transition from home to permanent nursing home placement.DesignOur research was a qualitative case study.MethodsInspired by Kvale and Brinkmann's phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach, we performed the thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews describing how the relatives of family members with dementia have experienced the dementia trajectory.ResultsTwelve relatives of family members with dementia living in nursing homes agreed to participate. The descriptions of relatives' experiences indicated four primary themes: mismatches between healthcare services and the family members' needs, witnessing the family members' cognitive decline, the effects of the experiences on the relatives' health and well‐being and what matters to the relatives during their family members' transition to nursing home. Mismatches between available resources in the municipalities and the family members' healthcare needs were the most distressing experiences, along with the family members' gradual cognitive decline. In response, the relatives stressed individualized support, continuity in follow‐up care and regular information‐sharing between them and staff members caring for their family members. They also highlighted the importance of facilitating seamless transitions from home to nursing homes.
Acquisition behaviours for nutrition‐related information based on a health promotion model for older adults in a long‐term care facility
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Huiping , Xie Ying , Zhao Yong , Zhao Qinghua , Xiao Mingzhao , Wang Jun , Huang Huanhuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the acquisition behaviours for nutrition‐related information of older adults in a long‐term care facility.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used in this study.MethodsSixteen older adults in a long‐term care facility were recruited using purposive sampling between March and May 2021. Data were collected via face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews, based on open questions regarding acquisition behaviours for nutrition‐related information and flexible question formulation, and the data were analysed using an inductive–deductive method. A health promotion model was used as a conceptual framework to regulate the refinement of themes.ResultsThree themes were identified in this study. The first theme discussed the individual characteristics and experiences of older adults that contributed to their acquisition behaviours for nutrition‐related information. The second theme described behaviour‐specific cognitions of and the effects on the participants regarding the influencing factors involving various internal individual elements and external physical environment. The third theme explored the positive behavioural outcomes of the participants resulting from these acquisition behaviours.ConclusionAcquisition behaviours for nutrition‐related information of older adults in long‐term care facilities were affected by both individual characteristics and external physical environment factors. Access to nutritional information can help older adults cultivate a healthy diet. Although they exhibited a significant interest in nutrition, the participants still encountered several difficulties. Based on the actual care needs of the older people, appropriate nutritional information interventions should be provided by healthcare providers working in long‐term care facilities so as to improve the ability of the older people to acquire information independently.Patient or public contributionAll 16 participants actively participated in the interview process and the preliminary preparation of the article.
Paleodiets of hunter‐gatherers from the central Patagonian coast: Reviewing scopes and limitations of stable isotope analyses
Authors: Kochi Sayuri , Gómez Otero Julieta , Zangrando A. Francisco , Tessone Augusto , Ugan Andrew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work reviews paleodietary reconstructions of hunter‐gatherers from the northeast province of Chubut, Argentina. The isotopic record of human bone can complement information from zooarchaeological and technological studies with its particular resolution on the long‐term diet of individuals. Previous δ13C and δ15N studies found dietary differences between the coastal area and the lower basin of the Chubut River, both in the proportion of marine resources in the diet and the trophic positions of prey. However, it is challenging to test hypotheses concerning human diets in northeastern Patagonia, where C3 and CAM plants grow and terrestrial, riverine, and marine prey are available. Here, we focus on the local isotopic ecology to assess the scopes and limitations of δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes analyses. We provide new data on native faunas spanning different trophic levels of terrestrial, riverine, and marine environments. After establishing the basic patterns in the local isotope record, we reanalyze the available δ13Ccol, δ15N, and δ13Capa measurements from 23 individuals studied 15 years ago. That analysis reveals a relatively continuous distribution of several overlapping resources on the coast of northeastern Patagonia. Bayesian mixing models identified a combination of terrestrial and riverine resources aggregated as the main component of long‐term diets. However, it generated diffuse estimations. The Bayesian ellipses, describing isotopic niches, emphasized more the spatial variations in diet between coastal and valley groups.
Discovering efficient periodic behaviors in mechanical systems via neural approximators
Authors: Wotte Yannik P. , Dummer Sven , Botteghi Nicolò , Brune Christoph , Stramigioli Stefano , Califano Federico 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is well known that conservative mechanical systems exhibit local oscillatory behaviors due to their elastic and gravitational potentials, which completely characterize these periodic motions together with the inertial properties of the system. The classification of these periodic behaviors and their geometric characterization are in an ongoing secular debate, which recently led to the so‐called eigenmanifold
theory. The eigenmanifold characterizes nonlinear oscillations as a generalization of linear eigenspaces. With the motivation of performing periodic tasks efficiently, we use tools coming from this theory to construct an optimization problem aimed at inducing desired closed‐loop oscillations through a state feedback law. We solve the constructed optimization problem via gradient‐descent methods involving neural networks. Extensive simulations show the validity of the approach.
Barriers and facilitators of the return‐to‐school process affecting adolescent recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A qualitative interview study of caregivers
Authors: Bhatt Neel S. , Shipman Kelly J. , Rosenberg Abby R. , Jenssen Kari M. , Ballard Sheri A. , Baker Kevin Scott , Barton Krysta S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients remain out of school for a prolonged period of time; navigating their return to school after completion of therapy can be challenging for caregivers.MethodsBetween August 2020 and June 2021, we conducted individual semi‐structured interviews of 19 caregivers of adolescent HCT recipients (10–18 years of age at HCT; 1–7 years post HCT) to understand the challenges faced at the time of their child's return to in‐person school post HCT. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts, and thematic analysis was used to identify and organize emerging themes.ResultsThree themes emerged from the caregivers' experiences. First, caregivers reported facing several challenges related to lack of communication between their child's healthcare and school teams, which was burdensome for them. Second, some caregivers reported receiving support from school and healthcare professionals, as well as their child's peers, which helped reduce the burden of return to school. Caregivers also reported providing motivational, emotional, and spiritual support to patients. Lastly, caregivers made several recommendations regarding the need for better communication between family, healthcare professionals, and school professionals and availability of supportive care such as mental health counseling and neuropsychological testing. Notably, the need for a return‐to‐school navigator emerged as a key finding from our analysis.ConclusionsCaregivers of adolescent HCT recipients face several challenges supporting their children's return to school post HCT, which are related to lack of communication between patients’ healthcare and school teams. While some reported receiving support from school and healthcare professionals and their child's peers, the need to coordinate the return‐to‐school process was burdensome for several caregivers. Additional work is needed to optimize support for HCT recipients and their caregivers during their return‐to‐school process to minimize burden. Our study findings have the potential to serve as a framework for developing and testing supportive care interventions to improve the return‐to‐school experience of HCT survivors and ultimately their quality of life.
Hybrid multiwalled‐carbon nanotube/nanosilica/polypropylene nanocomposites: Morphology, rheology, and mechanical properties
Authors: Yousefi Ali Akbar , Rezaei Mahsa , Naderpour Navid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolymer composite are very interesting materials in automotive industry. Nanocomposites play a crucial role in the automotive parts and cars weight reduction fields. Hybridization of polymer nanocomposites is appeared as a process of choice in obtaining the required property/weight ration. Simple and hybrid nanocomposites of polypropylene (PP) blend with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having different aspect ratios and nanosilica at different nanosilica contents were prepared in molten state in an internal mixer. Scanning electron microscopic images along with rheological and tensile properties revealed that only 0.2 wt% CNT is high enough to finely disperse nanosilica particles in PP matrix in the absence of any chemical compatibilizer. Differential scanning calorimetric thermograms showed that none of nanoparticles has any effect on crystallinity of PP. Mechanical characterizations showed that hybrid composites are superior to PP‐S3 composite. Due to its more intensive hydrodynamic motions it was also observed that the longer CNT showed a higher ability to disintegrate nanosilica particles aggregates. Transmission electron microscopic images well portrayed the nanosilica particles in the vicinity of CNTs' surfaces which accounts for electrostatic adsorption of fine nanosilica particles. At such a low CNT content (say 0.2 wt%) in the absence of any chemical compatibilizer, elongation at break of the tensiled nanocomposites raised from 13.23% to 35.41% and fracture energy was mounted from 1253 to 2750 J. This divulges the effectiveness of CNTs to disperse nanosilica in PP matrix but a poor adhesion between the particles and PP matrix is an overwhelming drawback yet. Under these conditions a maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MA) was added to the composite in molten state. The tensile strength of these chemically compatibilized nanocomposites increased with respect of that of their counterpart physically mixed nanocomposites. For example, in the presence of this chemical compatibilizer, the tensile strength of PP‐S3 nanocomposite raised from 21 to 28 MPa.
Advancing on viscosity characterization and modeling of SMC for compression molding simulation
Authors: Zulueta Kepa , Stelzer Philipp , Rienesl Konrad , Major Zoltan , Vilas Jose Luis , Arrillaga Alex 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSheet molding compounds are thermoset‐based and glass or carbon fiber reinforced composites. SMCs are transformed through compression molding and for optimizing this process, virtual compression molding tools are employed. These tools require material model calibrations based on raw material data obtained by different characterization techniques. In this research, temperature and shear rate dependent viscosity of two SMCs has been experimentally characterized by oscillatory rheometer (RPA) and extensional rheometry. The obtained results were fitted to the modified Cross‐Castro‐Macosko viscosity model. Finally, the compression molding of two validation plates was performed virtually and experimentally. The obtained results demonstrate that, testing by RPA is preferable for industrial partners because tests are run with standard equipment and no manual post‐processing of the experimental data is required. Besides, the comparison of the virtual clamping force estimation with the experimental clamping force, shows that material models calibrated with RPA‐generated data foresee a lower clamping force overestimation.
Surface modification of nylon 66 fiber and its reinforcement of coordination crosslinked acrylic rubber
Authors: Wei Shaohua , Li Qiuying , Liu Dekun , Li Xifei , Wu Chifei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe interface compatibility between the surfaces of nylon 66 (PA66) fiber and the acrylic rubber (AR) is the key factor to improve the mechanical properties of the composite materials. In this study, Lewis acid (CaCl2) was firstly used to reduce the crystallinity of PA66 fiber, and then a bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) function coating was constructed on the PA66 fiber surface to act as a bridge to introduce an epoxy‐functionalized silane layer (KH560). After that, the modified PA66 fiber was introduced in the CuSO4 coordination crosslinked AR composites to further increase the mechanical performances of AR. Results showed that Lewis acid could significantly reduce the surface crystallinity of PA66 fiber, the PDA coating has successfully coated the fiber surface. And SEM results showed, the interfacial compatibility between the fiber and rubber was obviously improved. Compared with the unmodified PA66 fiber filled AR composites, the tensile strength, modulus and hardness of the modified PA66 fiber filled AR composites were increased by 95%, 49%, and 16% respectively.
Improved rheological, barrier, antibacterial, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of graphene and graphene derivatives based linear low density polyethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Ghosh Suman Kumar , Nath Krishnendu , Ganguly Soumya Sarathi , Das Tushar Kanti , Paul Sangit , Ghosh Trisita , Das Amit Kumar , Das Narayan Ch. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultifunctional polymer/graphene based lightweight and flexible nanocomposite films are increasingly being utilized in the packaging, electronics, and pharmaceutical industries together. Herein, two graphene derivatives: silver nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide (G‐Ag) and chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) prepared by wet chemical method and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) have been incorporated into linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) thermoplastic matrix via melt compounding method. The incorporation of graphene derivatives affected the physico‐mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity, and barrier properties (both oxygen and water vapor permeability) of the nanocomposite films. With 5 wt% of G‐Ag, rGO, and GNP loading, the thermal conductivity of these three nanocomposite films was enhanced by an average of 136.7%, 123%, and 143.3%, respectively. Graphene having high specific surface area and aspect ratio allow for a tortuous passage of oxygen and water molecules through the nanocomposite film, ultimately improving both oxygen and water vapor impermeability qualities for all LG‐Ag, LrGO, and LGNP nanocomposites. Moreover, the films have been tested against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria to ensure their bactericidal activity. The prepared composite films also showed Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (−21, −17, and −19 dB) higher than the commercial cut‐offs. The thermoplastic nanocomposite films with promising thermal conductivity might be an excellent choice for bacteria‐resistant and barrier‐capable packaging and efficient thermal management EMI shields in electronics.