Clinical Source Data Production and Quality Control in Real-world Studies: Proposal for Development of the eSource Record System
Authors: Wang Bin , Lai Junkai , Jin Feifei , Liao Xiwen , Zhu Huan , Yao Chen 
Published: December 2022

Background
An eSource generally includes the direct capture, collection, and storage of electronic data to simplify clinical research. It can improve data quality and patient safety and reduce clinical trial costs. There has been some eSource-related research progress in relatively large projects. However, most of these studies focused on technical explorations to improve interoperability among systems to reuse retrospective data for research. Few studies have explored source data collection and quality control during prospective data collection from a methodological perspective.

Objective
This study aimed to design a clinical source data collection method that is suitable for real-world studies and meets the data quality standards for clinical research and to improve efficiency when writing electronic medical records (EMRs).

Methods
On the basis of our group’s previous research experience, TransCelerate BioPharm Inc eSource logical architecture, and relevant regulations and guidelines, we designed a source data collection method and invited relevant stakeholders to optimize it. On the basis of this method, we proposed the eSource record (ESR) system as a solution and invited experts with different roles in the contract research organization company to discuss and design a flowchart for data connection between the ESR and electronic data capture (EDC).

Results
The ESR method included 5 steps: research project preparation, initial survey collection, in-hospital medical record writing, out-of-hospital follow-up, and electronic case report form (eCRF) traceability. The data connection between the ESR and EDC covered the clinical research process from creating the eCRF to collecting data for the analysis. The intelligent data acquisition function of the ESR will automatically complete the empty eCRF to create an eCRF with values. When the clinical research associate and data manager conduct data verification, they can query the certified copy database through interface traceability and send data queries. The data queries are transmitted to the ESR through the EDC interface. The EDC and EMR systems interoperate through the ESR. The EMR and EDC systems transmit data to the ESR system through the data standards of the Health Level Seven Clinical Document Architecture and the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium operational data model, respectively. When the implemented data standards for a given system are not consistent, the ESR will approach the problem by first automating mappings between standards and then handling extensions or corrections to a given data format through human evaluation.

Conclusions
The source data collection method proposed in this study will help to realize eSource’s new strategy. The ESR solution is standardized and sustainable. It aims to ensure that research data meet the attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original, accurate, complete, consistent, enduring, and available standards for clinical research data quality and to provide a new model for prospective data collection in real-world studies.