bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait speed and individual characteristics are related to specific gait metrics in neurotypical adults
Authors: Bonilla Yanez Maryana , Kettlety Sarah A. , Finley James M. , Schweighofer Nicolas , Leech Kristan A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGait biofeedback is a well-studied strategy to reduce gait impairments such as propulsion deficits or asymmetric step lengths. With biofeedback, participants alter their walking to reach the desired magnitude of a specific parameter (the biofeedback target) with each step. Biofeedback of anterior ground reaction force and step length is commonly used in post-stroke gait training as these variables are associated with self-selected gait speed, fall risk, and the energy cost of walking. However, biofeedback targets are often set as a function of an individual’s baseline walking pattern, which may not reflect the ideal magnitude of that gait parameter. Here we developed prediction models based on speed, leg length, mass, sex, and age to predict anterior ground reaction force and step length of neurotypical adults as a possible method for personalized biofeedback. Prediction of these values on an independent dataset demonstrated strong agreement with actual values, indicating that neurotypical anterior ground reaction forces can be estimated from an individual’s leg length, mass, and gait speed, and step lengths can be estimated from individual’s leg length, mass, age, sex, and gait speed. Unlike approaches that rely on an individual’s baseline gait, this approach provides a standardized method to personalize gait biofeedback targets based on the walking patterns exhibited by neurotypical individuals with similar characteristics walking at similar speeds without the risk of over- or underestimating the ideal values that could limit feedback-mediated reductions in gait impairments.
Study on the Application of Task-Based Language Teaching in Middle School Oral English Teaching in China
Authors: Lu Yuting , Shi Hanyue , Mo Qier , Tang Wenwen , Weng Xinying 
Published: May 2023

Speaking is an essential aspect of English learning. It reflects the student’s ability to express and comprehensively use the language. In the 21st century, international exchanges have become increasingly frequent. Therefore, English is more important as a tool of international communication. Despite this, under the long-term pressure of examinations, English teaching in our country only focuses on reading, writing, and other content closely related to testing scores, while oral English teaching is easily neglected. Even in the classrooms where oral English teaching is implemented, the teaching activities and methods are relatively monotonous and out of touch with the actual situation, resulting in students’ low enthusiasm for oral English and unwillingness to speak English.
In order to solve this problem, this paper studies an effective oral English teaching method --- Task-Based Language Learning (TBLT). This teaching method abandons the disadvantages of the traditional oral English teaching method and better improves students’ oral English ability. TBLT is a teaching method that gradually emerged and developed in the 1980s. In language teaching, TBLT requires language teaching based on tasks, and students should learn the language while completing the tasks. TBLT allows students to use English to complete various actual tasks related to life, study, and work, making classroom teaching real and task-oriented and cultivating students’ ability to use English in practice.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Long-Term Maternal Cardiovascular and Metabolic Biomarkers
Authors: Battarbee Ashley N. , Mele Lisa , Landon Mark B. , Varner Michael W. , Casey Brian M. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rouse Dwight J. , Thorp John M. , Chien Edward K. , Saade George , Peaceman Alan M. , Blackwell Sean C. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to measure the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and long-term maternal metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers.
Study Design Follow-up study of patients who completed glucose tolerance testing 5 to 10 years after enrollment in a mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment trial or concurrent non-GDM cohort. Maternal serum insulin concentrations and cardiovascular markers VCAM-1, VEGF, CD40L, GDF-15, and ST-2 were measured, and insulinogenic index (IGI, pancreatic β-cell function) and 1/ homeostatic model assessment (insulin resistance) were calculated. Biomarkers were compared by presence of HDP (gestational hypertension or preeclampsia) during pregnancy. Multivariable linear regression estimated the association of HDP with biomarkers, adjusting for GDM, baseline body mass index (BMI), and years since pregnancy.
Results Of 642 patients, 66 (10%) had HDP: 42 with gestational hypertension and 24 with preeclampsia. Patients with HDP had higher baseline and follow-up BMI, higher baseline blood pressure, and more chronic hypertension at follow-up. HDP was not associated with metabolic or cardiovascular biomarkers at follow-up. However, when HDP type was evaluated, patients with preeclampsia had lower GDF-15 levels (oxidative stress/cardiac ischemia), compared with patients without HDP (adjusted mean difference: −0.24, 95% confidence interval: −0.44, −0.03). There were no differences between gestational hypertension and no HDP.
Conclusion In this cohort, metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers 5 to 10 years after pregnancies did not differ by HDP. Patients with preeclampsia may have less oxidative stress/cardiac ischemia postpartum; however, this may have been observed due to chance alone given multiple comparisons. Longitudinal studies are needed to define the impact of HDP during pregnancy and interventions postpartum.
Key Points
Virtual Surgical Planning for Patients with Skeletal-Dental and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Barrera Jose E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe integration of virtual surgical planning (VSP) for the treatment of skeletal, dental, and facial abnormalities and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with maxillofacial surgery has catapulted surgical planning. Although reported for treating skeletal-dental abnormalities and dental implant surgery, a paucity of knowledge existed reporting the feasibility and resultant outcome measures when VSP was employed for planning maxillary and mandibular surgery for OSA patients. The surgery-first approach is at the forefront of advancing maxillofacial surgery. Case series reporting success with the surgery-first approach for patients with skeletal-dental and sleep apnea patients have been reported. In sleep apnea patients, clinically significant reductions in apnea-hypopnea index and improvement of low oxyhemoglobin saturation have been achieved. More so, significant improvement in the posterior airway space at the occlusal and mandibular planes were achieved, while preserving aesthetic norms as measured by tooth to lip measurements. VSP is a feasible tool used for predicting surgical outcome measures in maxillomandibular advancement surgery for patients with skeletal, dental, facial, and OSA derangements.
Hipoxia e hipersensibilidad de tipo IV: patogenia dual en reacciones a implantes de cadera
Authors: Quezada Mauricio , Eltit Felipe 
Published: May 2023

Resumen
Antecedentes Las reacciones tisulares adversas (RTAs) a implantes de cadera afectan a una alta proporción de pacientes. Si bien fueron inicialmente descritas en articulaciones de metal sobre metal, un creciente número de estudios señala su presencia en otros tipos de implante. El gran número de pacientes con prótesis de cadera en el mundo señala la urgencia de comprender cabalmente los mecanismos que dan origen a RTAs para el desarrollo de alternativas de monitoreo, diagnóstico y terapéuticas eficientes.
Ámbito de revisión y público objetivo En la siguiente revisión bibliográfica, abarcamos desde la corrosión y el desgaste de los materiales utilizados en implantes de cadera hasta los mecanismos celulares e inmunológicos involucrados, con el fin de ofrecer una visión actualizada de antecedentes clínicos y científicos a estudiantes, cirujanos ortopédicos e investigadores.
Sex differences in the intensity–duration relationships of the severe‐ and extreme‐intensity exercise domains
Authors: Alexander Andrew M. , Hurla Logan M. , Didier Kaylin D. , Hammer Shane M. , Rollins Korynne S. , Barstow Thomas J. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTExtreme‐intensity exercise is described by W′ext (analogous to J′ for isometric exercise) that is smaller than W′ of severe‐intensity exercise (W′sev) in males. Sex differences in exercise tolerance appear to diminish at near‐maximal exercise, however, there is evidence of greater contributions of peripheral fatigue (i.e. potentiated twitch force; Qpot) in males during extreme‐intensity exercise. Therefore, the current study tested the hypotheses that J′ext would not be different between males and females, however, males would exhibit a greater reduction in neuromuscular function (i.e. maximal voluntary contraction, MVC; Qpot) following extreme‐intensity exercise. Seven males and 7 females completed three severe‐ (Tlim: 2–4 min, S3; 5–8 min, S2; 9–15 min, S1) and three extreme‐intensity (70, 80, 90%MVC) knee‐extension bouts. MVC and Qpot relative to baseline were compared at task failure and at 150 s of recovery. J′ext was significantly less than J′sev in males (2.4 ± 1.2kJ vs 3.9 ± 1.3kJ; p = 0.03) and females (1.6 ± 0.8kJ vs 2.9 ± 1.7kJ; p = 0.05); however, there were no sex differences in J′ext or J′sev. MVC (%Baseline) was greater at task failure following extreme‐intensity exercise (76.5 ± 20.0% vs 51.5 ± 11.5% in males, 75.7 ± 19.4% vs 66.7 ± 17.4% in females), but was not different at 150 s of recovery (95.7 ± 11.8% in males, 91.1 ± 14.2% in females). Reduction in Qpot, however, was greater in males (51.9 ± 16.3% vs 60.6 ± 15.5%) and was significantly correlated with J′ext (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.001). Although there were no differences in the magnitude of J′ext, differences in MVC and Qpot are evidence of sex‐specific responses and highlight the importance of appropriately characterizing exercise intensity regarding exercise domains when comparing physiological responses in males and females.Highlights

We have previously shown evidence that extreme‐intensity dynamic exercise is described by W′ext in males and smaller than W′sev. We currently tested for potential sex differences in J′ext (isometric analogue to W′) and neuromuscular responses (i.e. maximal voluntary contraction, MVC; potentiated twitch force, Qpot) during extreme‐intensity exercise.
J′ext and extreme‐intensity exercise tolerance was not different between males and females. The reduction in MVC was not different across extreme‐intensity exercise across males and females, whereas the reduction in Qpot was greater in males following all extreme‐intensity exercises, although not after exercise at 90%MVC.
Together, although extreme‐intensity exercise tolerance is not different, these data highlight differences in the contributing mechanisms of fatigue during severe‐ and extreme‐intensity exercise between males and females.
Design and generation of structured array beams with shape-invariant properties
Authors: Zhang Yuqiu , Chang Hongxiang , Chen Xiao , An Yi , Hou Tianyue , Ma Pengfei , Su Rongtao , Zhou Pu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a flexible approach to generate an arbitrary shape-invariant structured array beam during propagation with the prescribed intensity distribution. An algorithm for generating flexible desired phase is presented according the reverse engineering and Huygens–Fresnel theory. In this paper, we outline the theory for creating the shape-invariant array beams. The numerical simulation results show that the shape of generated array beams is invariant and its size increases gradually from the near field to the far field. The generation of shape-invariant structured array beams can be realized by the phase-only and amplitude-only elements encoded on the spatial light modulators. The generated arbitrary shape-invariant structured array beams are verified and are in excellent agreement with the theory.
Numerical simulation of linewidth compression dynamics of external-cavity semiconductor laser
Authors: Qiu Feng , Bai Yongzhong , Qu Dingrong , Han Lei , Zhang Yanling , Shan Guangbin , Chen Mindong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We theoretically simulate the linewidth compression dynamics of the semiconductor laser with a single external-cavity feedback. The evolution time from the periodic oscillation state to the equilibrium state is calculated by tracking the change of the intrinsic linewidth. The influences of the external-cavity length and feedback level are also explored. The linewidth evolution time of the external-cavity semiconductor laser can be extended with longer external cavity length and higher feedback level. Simultaneously, the intrinsic linewidth can be compressed while the side mode suppression ratio will be decreased. The simulation work show that the dynamic linewidth compression can be obtained by single external-cavity feedback, and nevertheless it is difficult to achieve the single-frequency output, which can instruct the design of the dynamical parameter tuning of the external-cavity semiconductor laser.
Ponderomotive effects in spin—polarized quantum plasma
Authors: Singh Shiv , Kumar Punit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Analysis of ponderomotive effects exciting from propagation of an intense laser pulse through high density quantum plasma under the influence of an axial magnetic field taking into consideration the spin–spin (up and down) exchange interaction. The effects of electron Fermi pressure, quantum Bohm potential, and electron spin have been included in the analysis. Spin polarization is a result of the concentration difference of opposite spin electrons which is produced under the influence of the applied magnetic field. Axial gradient of the ponderomotive potential of laser has been applied for the electron acceleration. An analytic solution of the electron energy gain is obtained and the influence of spin polarization is analyzed both numerically and analytically. It is observed that spin polarization, density perturbation and the magnetic field effect electron acceleration dramatically. Further, the effect of nonlinearity on the refractive index of plasma has been studied.
Roles of tensor force and pairing correlation in two-proton radioactivity of halo nuclei*
Authors: Wang Yan-Zhao , Xing Feng-Zhu , Cui Jian-Po , Gao Yong-Hao , Gu Jian-Zhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The tensor force and pairing correlation effects on the two-proton radioactivity of

Mg and

Si with a pronounced two-proton halo are explored in the framework of spherical Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory. It is shown that the halo sizes are enhanced with the increase in the strength of the tensor force and pairing correlation. Furthermore, the increasing halo sizes lead to the enhancement of diproton emission. Then, the tensor force is found to have a small influence on the two-proton decay energies, and the two-proton decay energies calculated with strong surface pairing are smaller than those with weak mixed pairing. Because the two-proton decay energies are relatively large, the predicted order of magnitude of half-lives within the effective liquid drop model is not sensitive to the decay energy variation caused by the tensor force and pairing correlation, which has a value of approximately 10

s.
Experimental nuclear charge density and theoretical description of the above-barrier light heavy-ion fusion process*
Authors: Gontchar I. I. , Chushnyakova M. V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Theoretical modeling of nucleus-nucleus collisions is often based on the nucleus-nucleus potential. One of the advanced methods for constructing this potential is the semi-microscopical double-folding model with M3Y-Paris NN-forces. Proton and neutron densities are significant components of this model. The correct nucleon density (ND) must reproduce the experimental nuclear charge density (NCD). However, those who deal with modeling the fusion process typically disregard this circumstance. We aim to achieve a good description of both the nuclear charge density and above-barrier fusion cross sections of even-even light nuclei with

. We consider several versions of NDs available in literature and construct our own approximation for the ND of the even-even spherical nuclei 12C, 16O, and 40Ca, abbreviated as FE-density (Fermi+exponential). We carefully compare the NCDs resulting from different versions of NDs with the experimental NCDs. After finding the nucleus-nucleus potential using the double-folding model with the density dependent M3Y-Paris NN-forces and FE densities, we evaluate the above-barrier fusion cross sections for five reactions, 12C+12C, 12C+16O, 16O+16O, 16O+40Ca, and 40Ca+40Ca, for which experimental data are available. The cross sections are calculated using two approaches: a) the barrier penetration model and b) the trajectory model with surface friction (TM). To find the transmission coefficients for the TM, the Langevin equations are employed. For all considered reactions, our TM typically reproduces the above-barrier experimental cross sections within 10−15%. The only adjustable parameter of the model, the optimal friction strength

, is found to be approximately 90

for the light reactions 12C+12C, 12C+16O, and 16O+16O and approximately 15

for the heavy reactions 16O+40Ca and 40Ca+40Ca. The latter findings are in reasonable agreement with the systematics found previously. Thus, the FE-recipe allows highly accurate and simultaneous reproduction of both the nuclear charge density and above-barrier fusion cross sections of five reactions involving 12C, 16O, and 40Ca nuclei.
Design and development of keratin/chitosan/glucosamine sulfate composite loaded MWCNT intended for osteoarthritis drug delivery
Authors: Srinivasan Venkataramanan , Palanisamy Ponnusamy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease that affects the cartilage and tissues around the joints, which results in excessive pain and stiffness. One of the most critical challenges for improving the therapeutic effect in OA treatments is the current drug design utilizing functional polymers. Indeed, there is a need to design and develop novel therapeutic drugs for positive outcomes. In this view, glucosamine sulfate is a drug used to manage OA because of its potential therapeutic effects on cartilage and ability to inhibit disease progression. This research aims to develop a keratin/chitosan/glucosamine sulfate (KRT/CS/GLS) composite loaded functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a potential carrier for the treatment of OA. The nanocomposite was developed using various ratios of KRT/CS/GLS, and MWCNT. Molecular docking analysis has been performed with (D-glucosamine) and targeted proteins (Protein Data Bank ID: 1HJV, 1ALU) to determine the binding affinity and interactions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy study showed that the composite KRT/CS/GLS incorporated on the surface of functionalized MWCNTs effectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of KRT/CS/GLS in the nanocomposite and remained intact. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the nature of the composite in MWCNT transformed from a crystalline to an amorphous state. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that the nanocomposite has a high thermal decomposition temperature of 420 °C. The MTT assay results showed that 83% of cell viability has remained in RAW 264.7 cells at the maximum concentration (500 μg ml−1) of MWCNT-GLS/KRT/CS nanocomposite. Also, molecular docking results revealed the excellent binding affinity of D-glucosamine to each protein structure (PDB ID: 1HJV and 1ALU).
Canopy responses of Swedish primary and secondary forests to the 2018 drought
Authors: Wolf Julika , Asch Johanna , Tian Feng , Georgiou Katerina , Ahlström Anders 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Boreal forest ecosystems are predicted to experience more frequent summer droughts due to climate change, posing a threat to future forest health and carbon sequestration. Forestry is a regionally dominant land use where the managed secondary forests are typically even-aged forests with low structural and tree species diversity. It is not well known if managed secondary forests and unmanaged primary forests respond to drought differently in part because the location of primary, unmanaged, forests has remained largely unknown. Here we employed a unique map detailing over 300 primary forests in Sweden. We studied impacts of the 2018 nationwide drought by extracting and analyzing a high-resolution remote sensing vegetation index over the primary forests and over buffer zones around the primary forests representing secondary forests. We controlled for topographical variations linked to soil moisture, which was a strong determinant of drought responses, and analyzed Landsat-derived EVI2 anomalies during the drought year from a multiyear non-drought baseline. We found that primary forests were less affected by the drought compared to secondary forests. Our results indicate that forestry may exacerbate the impact of drought in a future climate with more frequent and extreme hydroclimatic events.
Leveraging LiDAR for smart cities climate change resilient: A solar potential case study in a developing area
Authors: A Rahman S A F S , Maulud K N A , Hassan H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Smart cities and solar energy are crucial components in climate change adaptation and sustainability. The interrelation with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on the 7th SDG goal, Affordable and Clean Energy for solar energy, and the 11th SDG goal, Sustainable Cities and Communities for smart cities, catalyze the research in this field. Unfortunately, there are some gaps in integrating smart cities and solar energy, especially in the elevation model and solar potential accuracy factors. It is essential because the highly accurate integrated model is enormously beneficial, especially for stakeholders. Therefore, this study is leveraging the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology to provide high-resolution datasets for elevation models and create a precise 3D urban environment model for resilient integrated smart cities climate change. Digital terrain, including Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model, were developed based on precise LiDAR point clouds before two vital surfaces, building rooftops and land parcels, were treated as a fundamental surface for solar potential calculation. The solar potential Return of Investment rate was classified and integrated with the 3D urban environment model. This 3D urban environment model helps visualize and provides a more specific and coherent picture of reality. The potential application of LiDAR data in climate change adaptation and sustainability that can be linked using various technologies and scales is also demonstrated in this study.