bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Evaluation Methods of Underwater Explosion Power of Explosives
Authors: Zhi-yuan Mao , Chao-wei Duan , Hong-wei Hu , Hai-yun Feng , Pu Song 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reasonable evaluation of underwater explosion power of explosives is very important for underwater warhead design and other tasks. This paper summarizes the typical experiments of underwater explosion power evaluation, discusses the power characterization methods involved in the tests, and focuses on the explosion bulge test of plate structure and its corresponding dimensionless deflection characterization means. Based on the existing research results, it is proposed to establish a standardized effect target evaluation method, strengthen the research on the relationship between work parameters, explosive detonation parameters and load parameters, and apply the dimensionless deflection method in explosion expansion test to the characterization of underwater explosion power.
Effect of Mg-Al ratio on the combustion and infrared radiation properties of Al-Mg alloy/PTFE composition
Authors: Wang Yi-kai , Zhang Ming-xing , Liu Fei-fan , Tang Jin-shuang , Zhu Chen-guang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effects of Al-Mg alloys with different Mg/Al ratios on the burning rate, combustion products, radiation intensity and specific radiation energy of Al-Mg/PTFE infrared composition were investigated in this paper. The results show that the burning rate of Al-Mg/PTFE decrease with the increase of Al content in Al-Mg alloy. The results of theoretical calculations show that as the Al content increases, the adiabatic combustion temperature first decreases and then increases, taking the minimum value when the content of Al is approximately 58%. In addition, as the Al content of the alloy increases, the particle size of the reaction products gradually become larger, in which the unreacted Al and Al4C3 content increase, while the yield of C and MgF2 become less. The infrared radiation intensity also decreases with the decrease of burning rate. The specific radiant energy of Al-Mg/PTFE reaches the maximum value at 8-14 μm when the ratio of Mg/Al is 30/70 under the combined effect of burning rate and combustion temperature.
Simulation Analysis on Shielding Effectiveness of Rocket Projectile
Authors: Zhao Tuan , Yao Hongzhi , Ji Xiangfei , Li Jiao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to analyze the shielding effectiveness of the rocket projectile in the electromagnetic environment, the electromagnetic simulation model of the rocket motor was established by using the ANSYS HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, the shielding effectiveness of the rocket projectile motor was calculated, and the influence of the structural charactetristic parameters of the rocket projectile motor on the shielding effectiveness was analyzed, the distribution law of shielding effectiveness with frequency parameters and position parameters were obtained, which provided support for evaluating the electromagnetic environment safety of rockets projectile.
Rapid Optimization Method of Solid Rocket Motor Propellant Under Multiple Load Condition
Authors: zong-tao Guo , qi-xuan Song , zhen-chuan He , xi-bin Luo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to design a solid rocket motor with a high mass ratio, it is necessary to find out the parameters of the grain shape to meet the structural strength under volume loading fraction condition. A rapid optimization method for a complex grain of solid rocket motors based on parametric modeling and GA-BP is proposed. Based on this, the neural network prediction results are optimized as a function of fitness in GA, and the optimization results show that the maximum Von Mises strain is reduced by 9.8% while the constraints are satisfied.
Effect of FOX-7 on Explosion Performances and Afterburning of HMX-Based Thermobaric Explosives
Authors: Xiao W , Wu X X , Huang K S , Li J , Bi X L , Wan L L , Wang B L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, confined explosions of HMX-based thermobaric explosives in a spherical chamber were studied. The effects of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) on the explosion performances and afterburning were obtained by changing its content. The results showed that the composition (HMX/FOX-7) enhanced the total impulse, but its effect on improving the initial energy and quasi-static pressure (QSP) was slight. The aluminum in thermobaric explosives burned incompletely, whereas FOX-7 promoted afterburning of aluminum particles. In addition, the promoting effect was more obvious with the increase of FOX-7 mass score in the composition. In conclusion, when the ratio of HMX to FOX-7 mass fraction in the composition was 3, the thermobaric explosive had low sensitivity and could maintain the energy level of the explosive.
An Investigation of Laser Absorption Enhancement of Energetic Materials Doped with Metallic Nano-Particles
Authors: Diwu Minjie , He Aifeng , Zhao Jia , Chen Jianhua , Zhang Haidong , Lu Feipeng , Jing Bo , Cao Chunqiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The influence onto laser absorption enhancement of energetic materials from doping in metallic nanoparticles was investigated. The FEM analyzation using complex refractive index of Al and Au shows that the doping metal types, the structure of nanoparticles, and the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, takes an influence on the absorption efficiency. The laser ignition experiment was carried, the influence on the ignition properties of pyrotechnics of the energetic material types, the amount of doping particles, and ignition laser parameters were analysed.
Study on Motion Law of Flyer Driven by Micro-Detonator
Authors: Xie Rui-zhen , Liu Lan , Ding Yue-wei , Wang Zhe-jun , Chen Zhen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to provide design parameters for the micro-initiation train of the built-in MEMS Safety and Arming Device, and solve the reliable transmission problem of the micro-initiation train due to the small charge amount. Based on the structure of micro initiating explosive sequence, the test device is designed in the paper. The photon Doppler Velocimeter (PDV) was used to test the velocity of flyer driven by the micro-detonator, and the influence of the parameters of the flyer, acceleration chamber and charge on the flyer velocity was obtained. That is, when the flyer thickness is the same, the charge density is high and the flyer velocity is high; and the specific charge parameters need to match the specific flyer thickness, so as to obtain the flyer with high consistency and stable flight, and then achieve the ideal impact initiation effect. For the effect of the flyer velocity, the charge density is greater than the charge height, and the charge height is greater than the diameter of the charge.
Effect of ethyl acetate on crystal quality of HMX in the acetone
Authors: Ning Liyuan , Li Lijie , Tao Yuting , Jin Shaohua , Chen Kun , Chen Shusen , Xu Zishuai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Crystal quality of explosive affects its processability and safety. The addition of ethyl acetate can effectively improve the surface of HMX crystal in refining process of HMX. The natural volatilization crystallization method was used to study the effect of ethyl acetate content of 0%, 1%, 1.46%, 2.9%, 4.33% and 5% on HMX crystal morphology, crystal form, thermal decomposition properties and crystal quality in acetone-ethyl acetate system. Addition of ethyl acetate less than 4.33%, no change on the morphology and crystal form of HMX, but promotes the β-to δ- polymorphic transition during the decomposition of HMX crystals, and the HMX crystal quality deteriorates. In the research range, when the addition amount reaches 5%, the crystal quality is improved.
Design and mathematical modeling of a pyrotechnically actuated water inlet device
Authors: Li Shuai , Wang Yunpeng , Xu Xiangdong , Wang Wei , Gao Yilong , Wang Wenwei , Chen Guoguang , Wang Duan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pyrotechnically actuated devices(PADs) rely on combustion of energetic materials to achieve various functions and are widely used in aerospace fields. In this paper, based on the basic principle of the PADs, a piston-type water inlet device is designed, which can make underwater weapon sink into the seabed to self-destruct when there is an abnormality, and prevent the weapon from accidentally acting or being captured. A segmented mathematical model was established to study the kinematic characteristics of the device, and the functional experimental was carried out. The results show that the water inlet device works reliably and can be applied to a variety of underwater weapons. The mathematical model can predict the performance parameters of the water inlet device during the movement process, providing support for the engineering application and optimal design of the device.
Study on cutting performance of aramid fiber weaving material by linear shaped charge
Authors: Liu R Q , Wang P , Yu R , Yu W Q , Li R , Si X N , Shang X R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to realize the precise fuze-warhead matching, the parachute belt needs to be cut to realize the separation of projectile and parachute. Combining experiment and numerical simulation, study on cutting different layers of aramid fiber weaving parachute belt with linear shaped charge are carried out. The results show that the copper linear shaped charge with linear density of 15 g/m can reliably cut 6 layers of aramid fiber weaving material, and the cross section of parachute belt are neat. EXPLO5 software is used to calculate the JWL equation of state parameters of bulk RDX with different densities. And orthogonal anisotropic softening model proves to be successful in numerical model to simulate the cutting process of aramid fiber weaving materials by linear shaped charge. The number of cutting layers is in good agreement with the experimental results. On this basis, simulations of the cutting performance of the explosive standoff and linear density are carried out. The results show that with charge density of 1.4 g/cm3, the cutting performance is the best with the explosive standoff of 1 mm, which can cut 7 layers aramid fiber weaving material. The maximum cutting depth increases almost linearly with the increase of charge density.The research in this paper can provide theoretical support for cutting flexible aramid fiber weaving materials by linear shaped charge.
Incorporating of BCHMX in traditional plastic explosives
Authors: Elbeih Ahmed , Hussein Ahmed K. , Zeman Svatopluk 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (BCHMX) was investigated as an energetic filler with three different plastic explosives based on three matrices: C4 matrix, semtex10 matrix and EPX matrix. The original plastic explosives, composition C4 including RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane), Semtex 10 explosive based on PETN (pentaerythritoltetranitrate) and plastic RDX-silicone were included for comparison. Sensitivity and performance parameters were studied. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was investigated to determine the thermal behavior. The sensitivities to friction and impact were evaluated and the explosive characteristics were determined by measuring the detonation velocity and determining the performance by the ballistic mortar test. The detonation parameters were also calculated for all samples using EXPLO5 code. By comparing the results obtained experimentally or by calculation, it is clear that the application of BCHMX in the used plastic matrices increases the performance and detonation characteristics in comparison with the original plastic explosives. Regarding to the results of sensitivity, thermal stability and performance tests, replacing PETN explosive by BCHMX in semtex matrices seems to form promising plastic explosive and needs further studies. On the other side, the performance of BCHMX-C4 is higher than that of composition C4.
Theoretical study on structure and properties of borate ester energetic compounds
Authors: Guo-dong WANG , Su-ming Jing , Guo-qing Liu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The potential advantages of energetic boron esters in the application of energetic materials were analyzed. Based on the synthesis feasibility analysis, 10 kinds of tetrazolium energetic boron esters were designed. The geometric structure, density, enthalpy of formation and impact sensitivity of 10 energetic boron esters were calculated by using density functional theory. The detonation parameters were calculated by using Explo5 program. The results show that the density of 10 compounds is between 1.74 ~ 2.18g/cm3, the detonation velocity distribution range is 7675.92 ~ 9209.45km/s, and the detonation pressure distribution range is 26.75 ~ 36.18Gpa. Among them, tris (5-difluoroaminotetrazole) borate has the best energetic properties and has a good application prospect in propellant bonding agent and pyrotechnic agent.
Scaled-up production and quality controlling techniques of energetic cocrystals: challenges and prospects
Authors: Li H J , Zhang Z , Ma N , Chen S , Li H J , Yang L , Liang C Y , Yi J H , Zhao F Q 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cocrystallization techniques have become extremely important methods for obtaining novel high-energy insensitive energetic materials, and it has attracted great attention for the development of high-energy explosives and propellants, etc. in recent years. Several scale-up cocrystallization techniques including solvent-nonsolvent, semibatch reaction, bead milling, and spray drying methods et al. have been applied for obtaining the energetic cocrystals, and the preparation processes of these methods were also shown. The types and quality of raw materials and solvents, the synthetic times, morphology, and size of these cocrystals were described and compared by using different synthetic techniques in the review. Moreover, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of scale-up preparation methods were shown. More importantly, the preparation efficiency, the ratio between the quality of raw materials and the volume of solvent, and yield of different methods were also exhibited and discussed, which can provide key information and experiences for the future application of the materials. Finally, future research trends are suggested from different perspectives involving the formation mechanisms in the preparation process by using intermolecular interaction simulation, experimental study, and thermodynamic calculations, the optimization of traditional scale-up techniques, and the exploitation of novel methods for the energetic cocrystals.
The characteristics and mechanism in combustion extinguished process based on self-extinguished solid propellants
Authors: Haiyang Yu , Limin Wang , Lei Huang , Xing Zhou 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the addition of the quaternary ammonium salt used as surfactant, a self-extinguished solid propellant was prepared. The combustion performance, extinguished burning surface and thermal analysis of the self-extinguished propellant were studied. The quaternary ammonium is a key point to the extinguished process in combustion because of the influence in interface between oxidizers and binders. The similar critical pressure of extinguished and the inflection point of the pressure exponent indicated that the mechanism in combustion extinguished process was also related to the reaction process of oxidizers.
Host-Guest Energetic Materials : A Possible Combination between LiN5 and 12-Crown-4
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Hou Tianyang , Xu Ze , Xu Yuangang , Lu Ming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Attempts are made to gain possible host-guest energetic materials of LiN5 and 12-crown-4. The cyclo-N5
− ring breaks up into N3
− duing the experiment and we finally achieved the combination between LiN3 and 12-crown-4, which was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The experimental results are further explained by theoretical calculations. More importantly, a new strategy, through size matching between crown ether compounds and metallic cyclo-N5
− compounds to get the combination, is presented for trapping of pentazolate rings in this paper.
The preparation of lead oxide / carbon nanotubes complex and its catalytic performance
Authors: Li J Z , Wei A W , Zhang Y J , Qu B , Zhang G F , Zhong F X , Xie Z Y , Tang Q F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the preparation of nano-lead oxide (PbO) can effectively solve the problem of easy agglomeration of nano-lead oxide. This study used concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid mixed acid (volume ratio 1:3) to oxidize carbon nanotubes at 90 °C temperature for 0.5 h. Using and the oxidized CNTs as carriers, Pb(OAc)2 · 3H2O as precursor, concentrated ammonia as a precipitator, PbO/CNTs complexes were prepared by chemical precipitation. Lead content of PbO/CNTs complex, determined by Complexometry, was 59.80 %(wt%), XRD and XPS characterizations revealed that the catalyst components of the prepared complex were mainly nano-sized PbO, And a small amount of lead, SEM and EDX characterization revealed PbO with the particle size between 20 m-200 nm had been successfully Loaded onto the CNTs surface, TEM show that the PbO and CNTS retained the original lattice, a spot of lead oxide was found inside the tubes. The thermal decomposition effect of PbO/CNTs on AP, RDX, HMX was evaluated by DSC, and the catalytic effect on AP and RDX was found to be obvious.
Study on impact damage mechanism of gun propellant based on bonding contact model
Authors: Zhang R H , Zhang Z Z , Liu J H , Zhao B M , Zhao H L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As the main launch energy of barrel weapon, the dynamic mechanical properties of gun propellant is very important to evaluate the launch safety. Through the transverse drop hammer impact damage test at room temperature and the initial dynamic vivacity ratio test of the propellant, the crack growth law and the fracture degree of the damaged propellant were obtained separately. Based on the Hertz-Mindlin bonding contact model, the discrete element mechanical model of the rosette 19-hole gun propellant was established, and the transverse drop hammer impact damage simulation was carried out. The damage mechanism of the bonding contact model and the fracture degree of the damaged propellant were acquired, which were also verified by tests. The results show that the bonding contact model can accurately describe the impact damage law of propellant. The research results of this paper can be used to predict the abnormal chamber pressure caused by fracture of propellant, provides a research means for mechanical property evaluation of 3D printing gun propellant, and lays a theoretical foundation for quantitative evaluation of launch safety.
Study on the compression energy absorption characteristics of 3D printed PLA and PLA-Cu materials
Authors: Qing Ji , Zhijun Wang , Yifan Wang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the static compression mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of 3D printing polylactic acid (PLA) and copper powder filled polylactic acid (PLA-Cu) materials, quasi-static compression tests were carried out at room temperature using CMT5105 microcomputer controlled electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the stress-strain curves of the two materials show the compression characteristics of porous materials, and have typical three-stage characteristics. The compression bearing capacity of PLA-Cu materials is significantly higher than that of PLA materials. When the strain is 80 %, the energy absorption per unit volume of PLA material can reach 78.27 MJ / mm3. After adding copper powder, the energy absorption per unit volume of PLA material can be increased by 51.7 %, indicating that 3D printing products have excellent impact resistance and buffer energy absorption characteristics.
Effect of explosive shock on the mechanical property and energy release characteristics of an Al/Ni reactive material
Authors: He Y , Xu T , He Y , Tian W X 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reactive materials applied to warhead fragments or charge liner will be driven by strong detonation, so their mechanical behavior and energy release characteristics will be affected to a certain extent. In this paper, dynamic and static mechanical tests and impact initiation experiment were carried out on the detonation-loaded Al/Ni reactive material. Compared with materials that have not subjected to explosive shock, it is found that Al/Ni materials have better mechanical strength after explosive shock. Meanwhile, the impact-initiated energy release efficiency of the material is lower, when loaded with 14.76GPa, 21.79GPa and 28.84GPa, the reaction degree decreased by 26.6%, 78.8% and 80.5% respectively. Due to the incompatibility of elastic modulus and melting point between aluminum and nickel particles, the nickel particles move and aggregate in the aluminum matrix during shock loading. The pores appear at the particle boundaries, and gradually expand into cracks. The research results show that the original material parameters cannot be used to judge the working conditions of the reactive materials, and the explosive conditions of the loading are external factors that requires additional consideration.
Research on PTFE/Al reactive jet formation of shaped charge
Authors: Wang Yan-xin , Xie Zhi-yuan , Xu Rui-ze , Xiao Jian-guang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During the PTFE/Al reactive shaped charge jet formation, the burst wave generated by the explosion of the explosive is sufficient to achieve the ignition conditions of the reactive materials (RMS). As a result, the RMS will react, resulting in an energy loss from the reactive jet. In order to research the forming features of PTFE/Al reactive jet and the energy loss during the jet formation, a PTFE/Al reactive liner with a diameter of 74 mm was prepared and an X-ray pulses photography experiment was performed on the jet formation. And the parameters of Johnson-Cook constitutive model of RMS were obtained through quasi-static experiments and Hopkinson pressure bar experiments. The jet formation were simulated, and the AUTODYN secondary development technology was used. The results show that the secondary development technology can intuitively show the reaction of the active material during the jet formation. The PTFE/Al reactive jet is less cohesive, its jet diameter is thicker, and the morphology is divergent. The reactive materials reacted during the PTFE/Al reactive shaped charge jet formation. And during the reactive jet formation, the inner layer of the liner collided. Therefore, most of the chemical reactions occur inside the reactive jet.
Formation behavior of hypervelocity reactive compostite jet
Authors: Li P L , Zhang H Y , Bie H Y , Zheng Y F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A kind of hypervelocity reactive composite liner shaped charge(HRCLSC) structure is designed by combining tungsten additional liner and reactive cooper composite liner. The formation behavior of hypervelocity reactive composite jet (HRCJ) is studied by numerical simulation method. The velocity distribution and detonation wave propagation of HRCJ are compared with that of normal reactive composite jet (NRCJ), which proves that HRCJ has better formation performance. The influence of liner structure on the formation performance of HRCJ is investigated by changing the cone angle of the composite liner and the thickness of the additional liner, the results show that the cone angle of the liner has little effect on jet head velocity while the thickness of the additional liner has great effect on jet velocity. When the thickness of the additional liner is 5mm and the cone angle of the composite liner is 60°, the effective mass utilization rate of the jet is better, and the head velocity reaches maximum.