bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term safety and efficacy of velmanase alfa treatment in children under 6 years of age with alpha‐mannosidosis: A phase 2, open label, multicenter study
Authors: Guffon Nathalie , Konstantopoulou Vassiliki , Hennermann Julia B. , Muschol Nicole , Bruno Irene , Tummolo Albina , Ceravolo Ferdinando , Zardi Giulia , Ballabeni Andrea , Lund Allan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlpha‐mannosidosis (AM) is a rare, autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorder caused by alpha‐mannosidase deficiency that leads to the accumulation of mannose‐rich oligosaccharides. AM symptoms and severity vary among individuals; consequently, AM is often not diagnosed until late childhood. Velmanase alfa (VA), a recombinant human lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase product, is the first enzyme replacement therapy indicated to treat non‐neurological symptoms of AM in Europe. Previous studies suggested that early VA treatment in children may produce greater clinical benefit over the disease course than starting treatment in adolescents or adults; however, long‐term studies in children are limited, and very few studies include children under 6 years of age. The present phase 2, multicenter, open‐label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of long‐term VA treatment in children under 6 years of age with AM. Five children (three males) received VA weekly for ≥24 months, and all children completed the study. Four children experienced adverse drug reactions (16 events) and two experienced infusion‐related reactions (12 events). Most (99.5%) adverse events were mild or moderate, and none caused study discontinuation. Four children developed antidrug antibodies (three were neutralizing). After VA treatment, all children improved in one or more efficacy assessments of serum oligosaccharide concentrations (decreases), hearing, immunological profile, and quality of life, suggesting a beneficial effect of early treatment. Although the small study size limits conclusions, these results suggest that long‐term VA treatment has an acceptable safety profile, is well tolerated, and may provide potential benefits to patients with AM under 6 years of age.
Local white matter abnormalities in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment: Assessed with neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging
Authors: Zhang Chengzhe , Yuan Yuan , Sang Tian , Yu Lihua , Yu Yan , Liu Xiaoming , Zhou Wenyang , Zeng Qingrun , Wang Jingqiang , Peng Guoping , Feng Yuanjing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMild cognitive impairment is a nonmotor complication in Parkinson's disease (PD) that have a high risk of developing dementia. White matter is associated with cognitive function in PD and the alterations may occur before the symptoms of the disease. Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies lacked specificity to characterize the concrete contributions of distinct white matter tissue properties. This may lead to inconsistent conclusions about the alteration of white matter microstructure. Here, we used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and white matter fiber clustering method to uncover local white matter microstructures in PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI). This study included 23 PD‐MCI and 20 PD with normal cognition (PD‐NC) and 21 healthy controls (HC). To probe specific and fine‐grained differences, metrics of NODDI and DTI in white matter fiber clusters were evaluated using along‐tract analysis. Our results showed that PD‐MCI patients had significantly lower neurite density index (NDI) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) in white matter fiber clusters in the prefrontal region. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the diagnostic performance of NODDI‐derived metrics in cingulum bundle (2 clusters) and thalamo‐frontal (2 clusters) were superior to DTI metrics. Our study provides a more specific insight to uncover local white matter abnormalities in PD‐MCI, which benefit understanding the underlying mechanism of cognitive decline in PD and predicting the disease in advance.
Segmental defect healing in the presence or absence of recombinant human BMP2: Novel insights from a rat model
Authors: Panos Joseph A. , Coenen Michael J. , Nagelli Christopher V. , McGlinch Erin B. , Atasoy‐Zeybek Aysegul , Lopez De Padilla Consuelo , De la Vega Rodolfo E. , Evans Christopher H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study defined and compared the course of native, impaired and growth factor‐stimulated bone regeneration in a rat femoral defect model. A mid‐diaphyseal defect with rigid internal fixation was surgically created in the right femur of male Fischer rats and serially analyzed over 36 weeks. Native bone regeneration was modeled using a sub‐critical, 1 mm size defect, which healed uneventfully. Critical size defects of 5 mm were used to analyze impaired bone regeneration. In a third group, the 5 mm defects were filled with 11 µg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) impregnated onto an absorbable collagen sponge, modeling its clinical use. Native bone regeneration was characterized by endochondral ossification with progressive remodeling to ultimately resemble intact femora. An endochondral response was also observed under conditions of impaired bone regeneration, but by week 8 medullary capping occurred with fibrofatty consolidation of the tissue within the defect, resembling an atrophic non‐union. rhBMP2 treatment was associated with prolonged inflammatory cytokine expression and rapid intramembranous bone formation occurring with reduced expression of cartilage‐associated collagens. Between weeks 4 and 36, rhBMP2‐treated bones demonstrated decreased trabecular number and increased trabecular separation, which resulted in inferior mechanical properties compared with bones that healed naturally. Clinical Significance: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) is used clinically to promote healing of long bones. Our data suggest that it drives intramembraneous ossification producing an inferior regenerate that deteriorates with time. Clinical outcomes would be improved by technologies favoring endochondral regenerative ossification.
Ceramide concentrations in liver, plasma, and very low‐density lipoproteins of humans with severe obesity
Authors: Lytle Kelli A. , Chung Jin Ook , Bush Nikki C. , Triay Jessica M. , Jensen Michael D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigated the relationships between ceramide species concentrations in liver, plasma and very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles of humans with obesity as well as the relationships between hepatic fat content and hepatic ceramide concentrations and proportional distribution. Twenty‐five obese (body mass index >35 kg/m2) adults participated in this study. Plasma, VLDL and hepatocellular ceramide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The proportionate distribution of measured ceramide species differed between liver, whole plasma and the VLDL fraction. We found significant, positive correlations between the proportion of C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1 ceramide in the liver and whole plasma (γ = 0.491, p = 0.013; γ = 0.573, p = 0.003; γ = 0.479, p = 0.015; γ = 0.716, p = 0.00006; respectively). In contrast, only the proportional contribution of C24:1 ceramide correlated positively between VLDL and liver (γ = 0.425, p = 0.013). The percent hepatic fat correlated positively with the proportion of C18:1, C18:0 and C20:0 hepatic ceramides (γ = 0.415, p = 0.039; γ = 0.426, p = 0.034; γ = 0.612, p = 0.001; respectively), but not with total hepatic ceramide concentration. The proportions of whole plasma ceramide subspecies, especially C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1chain length, are reflective of those of hepatic ceramide subspecies in obese humans; these appear to be markers of hepatic ceramide species composition.
Haplotype‐dependent HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1 susceptibility to occult HBV infection in Xi'an Han population
Authors: Wang Tianju , Shen Chunmei , Qi Jun , Chen Liping , Liu Sheng , Li Hengxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOccult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is primarily characterized by the persistence of HBV‐DNA in the liver tissues and/or in the serum without detectable HBsAg. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms have been found to be strongly associated with HBV in different ethnic backgrounds. The association of HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes with OBI has not been previously reported in China. The aim of this study was to identify the potential association of HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes that may be involved in OBI genetic susceptibility.MethodsA case–control study was conducted between 107 OBI subjects and 280 healthy controls from the blood donors in the Shaanxi Province Blood Center. The HLA‐DRB1, DQB1 loci were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction‐sequence based typing (PCR‐SBT). Based on the genotype data of the two loci, haplotype estimation was performed.ResultsHLA‐DRB1*07:01‐DQB1*02:02 (pc = 0.344 × 10−3, OR = 3.489, 95%CI = 2.000–6.088) and HLA‐DRB1*09:01‐DQB1*03:03 (pc = 0.02, OR = 2.370, 95%CI = 1.450–3.873) serve as the possible risk and susceptibility haplotypes for OBI in Xi'an Han after Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that HLA II haplotypes were significantly associated with OBI in the Xi'an Han population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to associate HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes with OBI, which can provide valuable insights into the relationship between the various genetic factors and immune responses in the Xi'an population. The findings can also form the basis for future studies about the role of HLA in OBI.
Assessing the accuracy of free automated plant identification applications
Authors: Hart Adam G. , Bosley Hayley , Hooper Chloe , Perry Jessica , Sellors‐Moore Joel , Moore Oliver , Goodenough Anne E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWidely available and inexpensive mobile phone applications offer users, whether professional ecologists or interested amateurs, the potential for simple and rapid automated identification of species, without the need to use field guides and identification keys. The increasing accuracy of machine learning is well established, but it is currently unclear if, and under what circumstances, free‐to‐use mobile phone applications are accurate for identifying plants to species level in real‐world field conditions.We test five popular and free identification applications for plants using 857 professionally identified images of 277 species from 204 genera. Across all applications, 85% of images were identified correctly in the top five suggestions, and 69% were correct with the first suggestion. Plant type (woody, forbs, grasses, rushes/sedges, ferns/horsetails) was a significant determinant of identification performance for each application. For some applications, image saliency was also important; exposure and focus were not significant.Applications performed well, with at least one of the three best‐performing applications identifying 96% of images correctly as their first suggestion. We conclude that, subject to some caveats, free phone‐based plant identification applications are valid and useful tools for those wanting rapid identification and for anyone wanting to engage with the natural world.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Improvement in alkali‐resistance of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer by Ti3C2TX (MXene) modified matrix
Authors: Qian Yue , Zhong Jing , Ou Jinping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) is a kind of potential construction material due to its low density and strong mechanical properties, but its weak alkali stability impedes its widespread use. MXene nanosheets' two‐dimensional (2D) property makes them an attractive contender as a nanofiller for polymer‐based composites. Here, a basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) laminate with a matrix modified with MXene nanosheets was made using a vacuum‐assisted resin‐transfer molding (VaRTM) process. The flexural strength (530.1 MPa) and flexural modulus (26.7 GPa) of the M0.5/BFRP composite were superior to those of the BFRP laminate, increasing by 39.4% and 4.6%, respectively. According to DMA examination, the MXene/BFRP composite exhibited increased crosslinking density, which could improve stability as well as aid in energy dissipation. As anticipated, the BFRP composites enhanced with MXene nanosheets demonstrated exceptional long‐term stability in a hostile alkali environment. After being submerged in alkali solution at 40°C for 60 days, the M0.5/BFRP's flexural strength reached 398.0 MPa, exceeding that of pristine BFRP that had not been submerged in alkali solution. This study gives an insight into the effect of MXene Ti3C2TX nanosheets modified resin on the durability of BFRP in strong alkali environment.
A statistical approach to predict fatigue failure of leaf springs manufactured with nanotube incorporated epoxy‐woven glass fiber composites
Authors: Turan Fatih , Gurkan Koray , Guclu Mehmet , Durmus Ali , Taskin Yener 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, a statistical approach was developed to predict fatigue failure of laminated composite leaf springs prepared with carbon nanotube (CNT) filled epoxy/woven glass fibers. Electrical resistance change method and the Weibull analysis were adopted to develop a statistical approach. The electrical conductivity for successful application of health monitoring of leaf springs was achieved by dispersing 0.4 wt% of CNTs into epoxy resin. In‐situ monitoring of damage in composite leaf springs during fatigue tests applied as cyclic flexural deflection was carried out at nine different displacement ratios. The critical fatigue cycle and the corresponding change in electrical resistance were determined at each displacement ratio. Then, the critical electrical resistance change to cyclic fatigue was found 0.15% with 95% reliability by the Weibull analysis. The average fatigue life and the average strength loss corresponding to the 0.15% resistance change ratio were found to be 48.33% and 9.88%, respectively. The reported statistical concept based on the monitoring of change in electrical resistance during deflection can be successfully employed as a useful tool to predict safety limits of composite structures subjected to fatigue loading, especially in aerospace industry.
Printing technologies for silicon solar cell metallization: A comprehensive review
Authors: Tepner Sebastian , Lorenz Andreas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive overview on printing technologies for metallization of solar cells. Throughout the last 30 years, flatbed screen printing has established itself as the predominant metallization process for the mass production of silicon solar cells. For this reason, we will provide a detailed review on its history, its evolution over time, and how the continuous efforts of the scientific and industrial community for further improvements revolutionized the entire PV industry. Furthermore, we will guide the reader through the physics on silicon solar cell metallization, the fundamentals on contact formation, and what type of challenges and requirements these topics create for printing technologies. The main topic of this review addresses the flatbed screen‐printing process mechanics, its different process sequences, corresponding screen technology, and the very important impact of paste rheology on the printing result. Finally, we will compare alternative upcoming printing approaches to flatbed screen printing and discuss how they might solve upcoming challenges in metallization in terms of increasing the throughput rates at an ever‐decreasing grid line width and reduced silver consumption.
Identifying dynamical persistent biomarker structures for rare events using modern integrative machine learning approach
Authors: Dutta Sreejata , Box Andrew C. , Li Yanming , Sardiu Mihaela E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe evolution of omics and computational competency has accelerated discoveries of the underlying biological processes in an unprecedented way. High throughput methodologies, such as flow cytometry, can reveal deeper insights into cell processes, thereby allowing opportunities for scientific discoveries related to health and diseases. However, working with cytometry data often imposes complex computational challenges due to high‐dimensionality, large size, and nonlinearity of the data structure. In addition, cytometry data frequently exhibit diverse patterns across biomarkers and suffer from substantial class imbalances which can further complicate the problem. The existing methods of cytometry data analysis either predict cell population or perform feature selection. Through this study, we propose a “wisdom of the crowd” approach to simultaneously predict rare cell populations and perform feature selection by integrating a pool of modern machine learning (ML) algorithms. Given that our approach integrates superior performing ML models across different normalization techniques based on entropy and rank, our method can detect diverse patterns existing across the model features. Furthermore, the method identifies a dynamic biomarker structure that divides the features into persistently selected, unselected, and fluctuating assemblies indicating the role of each biomarker in rare cell prediction, which can subsequently aid in studies of disease progression.
Three dimensional printable multi‐arms poly(CL‐co‐TOSUO) for resilient biodegradable elastomer
Authors: Meng Yue , Zhai Hong , Zhou Ziting , Wang Xiaoying , Han Jiandong , Feng WenJuan , Huang Yuxin , Wang Yuan , Bai Ying , Zhou Jing , Quan Daping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of artificial organs and implants demands new materials with both processability and functionality. A series of star like poly(CL‐co‐TOSUO) copolymers with different molecular weights are synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization. The polymers are modified with norbornene end groups for rapid photo‐crosslinking. Due to the random insertion of 1,4,8‐trioxaspiro‐[4,6]‐9‐undecanone and well‐constructed permanent chemical network, the photo‐crosslinked elastomers are more flexible and resilient than conventional poly(ε‐caprolactone), with 84% resilience above the melting point. Their thermal and mechanical properties can be fine‐tuned by varying the molecular weights of the precursors. The polymer can be fabricated into complex shapes by digital light processing 3D printing. Combined with good cytocompatibility and degradability, the highly flexible elastomers show great potential for tissue engineering.
A novel bisphenol A‐free polyarylates synthesis strategy: 4,4′‐sulfobisphenol/2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)butane co‐polyarylate prepared by interfacial polymerization
Authors: Wang Zhoufeng , Wang Bolin , Liu Yingying , Hu Junwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA series of bisphenols, 4,4′‐sulfobisphenol (BPS)/2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)butane (BPB) co‐polyarylates with amorphous structures were synthesized from two BPS and BPB, and two different structures of benzoyl chloride monomers. The results of DFT calculations showed that the reaction activation energy of BPB with isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) was 8.05–8.40 Kcal/mol. The reaction activation energy of BPS with IPC and TPC was 38.73–39.09 Kcal/mol. GPC test results were consistent with theoretical calculations with BPS content from 0% to 15% resulting in a copolymer Mn of 22,000–11,600 and a Mw of 46,100–34,800. The intrinsic viscosity of co‐polyarylates ranged from 0.55 to 0.71 dL/g. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and 5% thermal weight loss of the co‐polyarylates were 179.3–205.4 °C and 461.4–487.8 °C, respectively. Improved solubility of co‐polyarylates in polar solvents. At the same time, the introduction of BPS did not result in any loss of mechanical properties, with Young's modulus in the range of 1444.32–1870.45 MPa, elongation at break in the range of 23.7%–30.8%, and tensile strength in the range of 52.21–59.38 MPa.
Different reversibility of skeletal muscle mass and strength in elderly Japanese women after the first wave of COVID‐19
Authors: Son Bo‐Kyung , Imoto Toshiyuki , Inoue Tomohiro , Nishimura Takatoshi , Lyu Weida , Tanaka Tomoki , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRestrictions on outdoor movements due to the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic have led to a decreased physical activity; this can lead to sarcopenia and frailty in older adults. Our recent study has demonstrated a significant decrease in the trunk muscle mass immediately after the pandemic's first wave (April–May 2020) among Japanese community‐dwelling older women. In the present study, we further examined whether muscle mass recovery or deterioration occurs after 1 year of the pandemic's first wave by comparing physical measurements among the following assessment periods: before the first wave, immediately after the first wave, and at 1‐year follow‐up thereafter.MethodsThis study included 77 women (78.0 ± 5.7 years) who underwent physical measurements for muscle mass, grip strength, one‐leg stand‐up ability (3 s), and oral motor skills and answered questionnaires on sociality (social network, participation, and support) in the three assessment periods.ResultsThe frequency of going out and the subjective vitality were significantly decreased immediately after the first wave; these recovered at the 1‐year follow‐up (P < 0.001). When comparing muscular measures, the trunk muscle mass index preferentially decreased immediately after the first wave but recovered significantly at the 1‐year follow‐up (P < 0.001). Conversely, the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and grip strength continued to decrease until the 1‐year follow‐up (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). The ability to perform a one‐leg stand‐up for 3 s and the oral motor skills did not change significantly across the assessment periods. The prevalence of pre‐sarcopenia and sarcopenia tended to increase during these periods (P = 0.068). The reduction and subsequent recovery patterns for sociality were similar to those observed for the trunk muscle mass.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated differences in the reversibility of skeletal muscle mass and strength at 1 year after the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic: the trunk muscle mass declined acutely and recovered rapidly, whereas the ASMI and grip strength declined continuously. These differences in the skeletal muscle recovery and deterioration might help formulate short‐term or long‐term strategies for COVID‐19‐related sarcopenia prevention in community‐dwelling older adults.