bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greek Mercenaries, Coinage and Ideology
Authors: Knapp Robert C.. 
Published: January 2023

Έλληνες μισθοφόροι, νόμισμα και ιδεολογία.

Οι σκοτεινοί αιώνες υπήρξαν για τον ελληνικό πολιτισμό η αφετηρία των σημαντικότερων αλλαγών που διακρίνονται αργότερα κατά την αρχαϊκή εποχή. Στην παρούσα εργασία υπογραμμίζεται η διαφορά στον τρόπο ζωής στην Ελλάδα των σκοτεινών αιώνων και στους πιο εξελιγμένους πολιτισμούς της Εγγύς Ανατολής και της Αιγύπτου, προκειμένου να γίνει αντιληπτό πόσο αποσταθεροποιητικοί πρέπει να υπήρξαν αυτοί οι πολιτισμοί στη ζωή των Ελλήνων που έρχονταν σε επαφή μαζί τους. Ενώ οι περισσότεροι μελετητές επικεντρώνονται στους εμπόρους ως την κύρια ομάδα επαφής, εδώ δίνεται έμφαση στους Έλληνες μισθοφόρους, οι οποίοι πολέμησαν στην Αίγυπτο και σε ολόκληρη την Εγγύς Ανατολή στα τέλη των σκοτεινών αιώνων και κατά την αρχαϊκή περίοδο. Η μισθοφορική υπηρεσία, όχι μόνο εξέθεσε τους Έλληνες σε διαφορετικούς υλικούς πολιτισμούς, αλλά επίσης συνέβαλλε στην διαμόρφωση της ιδέας περί Ελληνικής «εθνικότητας». Επιπλέον, αυτές οι επαφές οδήγησαν στην συνειδητοποίηση ότι οι κληρονομικές κοινωνικές δομές που βασίζονταν στη γενιά, «πίσω στην πατρίδα», θα μπορούσαν να αλλάξουν προς όφελος εκείνων που είχαν αποκομίσει πλούτο και αυτοπεποίθηση στο εξωτερικό. Η παρούσα μελέτη ασχολείται ειδικότερα με τον πραγματικό και συμβολικό ρόλο του νομίσματος σε αυτή την πολιτισμική αφύπνιση. Όποια και αν είναι τα πραγματικά πλεονεκτήματα του νομίσματος και οποιαδήποτε η πρακτική σχέση της εισαγωγής του με τα προϋπάρχοντα νομισματικά συστήματα της Δ. Ασίας, η συμβολική του δύναμη ήταν να ενδυναμώσει τον πυρήνα του κινητού πλούτου και να αμβλύνει την εξουσία του ακίνητου, βασισμένου στη γη, πλούτου. Ήταν επίσης ένα δυναμικό σύμβολο της σχετικότητας της δύναμης και ουσιαστικά η πραγματική ρίζα της δύναμης, άσχετα με τους μύθους που υπήρχαν για να νομιμοποιούν την συνέχιση της εξουσίας από μια ελίτ. Ως νόμισμα, το χρήμα ήταν πλέον πιο ορατό και ευκολότερο να αποκτηθεί από πριν, και ως τέτοιο μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί με μεγαλύτερη ευχέρεια για την αποσταθεροποίηση των υπαρχόντων διανοητικών και εξουσιαστικών δομών μιας ελίτ. Εν κατακλείδι, η εισαγωγή του νομίσματος αποτελεί αφενός τμήμα της πολιτισμικής μεταβολής που επηρεάστηκε από την επαφή των ελλήνων μισθοφόρων με τους πολιτισμούς της Εγγύς Ανατολής και της Αιγύπτου και αφετέρου έμβλημα των πολιτισμικών συνεπειών της ελληνικής εμπειρίας που αποκτήθηκε σε εκείνες τις περιοχές.
Sculpture from Eleutherna
Authors: Themelis Petros 
Published: January 2023

In this paper all the sculptures that came to light during the excavation of the University of Crete in the eastern sector I of ancient Eleutherna between 1985-2003 are published, listed in chronological order. During the Hellenistic period, Eleutherna flourished and made its appearance on the historical and artistic scene. It flourished even in the years of Roman rule. Among the many self-standing, relief and architectural works of sculpture the following are distinguished due to their quality and iconographic rarity: the " sandal-slapping Aphrodite with Pan", 2nd century. BC; the relief pair "Hermes and Venus", 1st century BC, and the double-faced stele depicting Dionysus and Ariadne, a product of a neo-attic workshop of the 2nd century A.D. which seems to draw from a Praxitelian original.

Editorial NoteVolume 13-14 of Eulimene is devoted to the east sector (I) of the ancient Eleutherna, which was dug systematically by prof. Petros Themelis from 1985 until 2003. In three extensive articles, Petros Themelis, Yorgos Brokalakis and Martha W. Baldwin Bowsky, publish sculptures, tools and inscriptions respectively, unearthed during the excavations conducted during the above period and which date from the Hellenistic period (2nd century BC) to the early byzantine era (mid7th cent. AD).
Many of these artifacts are now exhibited in the newly completed Museum of Ancient Eleutherna, which opened its gates to the public in June 2016.
The publishing directorsNikos Litinas – Manolis I. Stefanakis
Three New Inscriptions from Late Roman and Early Byzantine Eleutherna
Authors: Baldwin Bowsky Martha W. 
Published: January 2023

The study presents three new inscriptions from late Roman and early Byzantine Eleutherna, in the light of four other inscriptions already published. None were found in their original location, but they provide important evidence for Eleutherna before and after the earthquake of 365 AD, which caused a major, but not total, catastrophe in the city. The excavations at sector I of Eleutherna have brought to light the largest number of imperial dedications and Latin inscriptions from a single city in the western half of the island. The inscriptions commented on in this article are Latin, and together with one more they constitute the total of six known Latin inscriptions from Eleutherna. Latin inscriptions are relatively rare in Roman Crete, and the most likely explanation for the large number of imperial dedications and Latin inscriptions in Eleutherna or elsewhere in western Crete appears to have been the development of the Roman road network.
Editorial Note
Volume 13-14 of Eulimene is devoted to the east sector (I) of the ancient Eleutherna, which was dug systematically by prof. Petros Themelis from 1985 until 2003. In three extensive articles, Petros Themelis, Yorgos Brokalakis and Martha W. Baldwin Bowsky, publish sculptures, tools and inscriptions respectively, unearthed during the excavations conducted during the above period and which date from the Hellenistic period (2nd century BC) to the early byzantine era (mid7th cent. AD).

Many of these artifacts are now exhibited in the newly completed Museum of Ancient Eleutherna, which opened its gates to the public in June 2016.
The publishing directors
Nikos Litinas – Manolis I. Stefanakis
Sur deux monnaies de bronze inédites d’Hiérapytna. Monnayage hiérapytnien et timbres amphoriques à l’époque hellénistique
Authors: Stefanaki Vassiliki E. 
Published: January 2023

Δύο αδημοσίευτα χάλκινα νομίσματα της Ιεράπυτνας: Ιεραπυτνιακά νομίσματα και σφραγίδες αμφορέων στην ελληνιστική εποχή. Η Ιεράπυτνα, φημισμένο λιμάνι της νοτιοανατολικής Κρήτης, κυρίως κατά τα ρωμαϊκά χρόνια, είχε ήδη αρχίσει να αναπτύσσεται στην ελληνιστική εποχή, από το τέλος του 3ου και στις αρχές του 2ου π.Χ. αιώνα. Το 145 π.Χ., μετά την κατάκτηση της γειτονικής Πραισού, έγινε η πιο δυνατή πόλη της Ανατολικής Κρήτης, όπως μαρτυρούν οι επιγραφικές και φιλολογικές πηγές. Τα αργυρά της νομίσματα (τετράδραχμα, δίδραχμα και δραχμές), με την κεφαλή της Τύχης ως εμπροσθότυπο, κόπηκαν μετάξυ του 110 και του 80 π.Χ., και μαρτυρούν την οικονομική ευημερία της κατά την εποχή αυτή. Η ευημερία αυτή ήταν αποτέλεσμα τόσο της εδαφικής προσάρτησης της πλούσιας περιοχής της Πραισού όσο και της αύξησης της παραγωγής κρασιού στην χώρα της Ιεράπυτνας (με βλέψεις εμπορικές ή μη), όπως μαρτυρούν οι ενσφράγιστοι ιεραπυτνιακοί αμφορείς που βρέθηκαν στην Αλεξάνδρεια της Αιγύπτου, στην Καλλατία της Μαύρης Θάλασσας και στη μικρή χερσόνησο Τρυπητός στην περιοχή της Σητείας, όπου οι έρευνες έφεραν στο φως τμήμα σημαντικής ελληνιστικής πόλης. Η μέλισσα που εμφανίζεται σε μία από τις σφραγίδες των αμφορέων ως επίσημο σύμβολο της Ιεράπυτνας, συναντάται επίσης στην οπίσθια όψη δύο χάλκινων ιεραπυτνιακών νομισμάτων, τα οποία βρίσκονται σήμερα στη νομισματική συλλογή του Ashmolean Museum στην Οξφόρδη. Ισως η επιλογή της μέλισσας ως συμβόλου να είχε σχέση με την κατάκτηση της Πραισού από την Ιεράπυτνα, καθώς ο τύπος είναι χαρακτηριστικός των πραισιακών νομισμάτων. Η επιγραφή που εμφανίζεται στη σφραγίδα του αμφορέα με τη μέλισσα και στα νομίσματα με τη μέλισσα, είναι το εθνικό των Ιεραπυτνίων σε συντετμημένη μορφή: ΙΕ. Σε άλλες σφραγίδες ιεραπυτνιακών αμφορέων εμφανίζεται ολόκληρο το εθνικό δηλ. ΙΕ(Α)ΡΑΠΥΤΝΙ[ΩΝ] καθώς και ονόματα αρχόντων, επώνυμων ή μη (ΣΩΣΟΣ, ΠΑΣΙΩΝ). Το ίδιο συμβαίνει και στα αργυρά νομίσματα της Ιεράπυτνας με την κεφαλή της Τύχης που αρχίζουν να κόβονται μετά το 110 π.Χ. Το εθνικό των Ιεραπυτνίων δεν εμφανίζεται ολόκληρο σε κανένα νόμισμα πριν το 110 π.Χ. και τα ονόματα των αρχόντων αρχίζουν να αναγράφονται στα νομίσματα της Ιεράπυτνας μέσα στο δεύτερο μισό του 2ου π. Χ. αιώνα. Πρόκειται για την περίοδο κατά την οποία η Ιεράπυτνα αρχίζει να οργανώνει τη νομισματοκοπία της για να διευκολυνθεί ο οικονομικός και διοικητικός έλεγχος. Τον ίδιο έλεγχο άσκησε, πιθανώς την ίδια περίοδο, και στην διακίνηση των προϊόντων της. Από τα παραπάνω προκύπτει ότι οι ιεραπυτνιακοί αμφορείς καθώς και τα νομίσματα με τη μέλισσα, θα πρέπει να χρονολογηθούν μετά το 145 π.Χ. και μάλιστα προς το τέλος του δευτέρου μισού του 2ου π.Χ αιώνα.
Brain-localized CD4 and CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks and not Levy walks
Authors: Patel Dhruv , Lin Raymond , Majumder Barun , Ganusov Vitaly V. 
Published: January 2023

Background. For survival of the organism, T cells must efficiently control pathogens invading different peripheral tissues but whether such control (and lack of thereof) is achieved by utilizing different movement strategies remains poorly understood. Liver-localized CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks (CRWs)— a type of a Brownian walk – in liver sinusoids but in some conditions, these T cells may also perform Levy flights – rapid and large displacements by floating with the blood flow. CD8 T cells in lymph nodes or skin also undergo Brownian walks. A recent study suggested that brain-localized CD8 T cells, specific to Toxoplasma gondii, perform generalized Levy walks (LWs) – a walk type in which T cells alternate pausing and displacing long distances — which may indicate that brain is a unique organ where T cells exhibit movement strategies different from other tissues. Methods. We quantified movement patterns of brain-localized Plasmodium berghei-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells by using well-established statistical and computational methods. Results. We found that T cells change their movement pattern with time since infection and that CD4 T cells move faster and turn less than CD8 T cells. Importantly, both CD4 and CD8 T cells move in the brain by CRWs without long displacements challenging previous observations. We have also re-analyzed movement data of brain-localized CD8 T cells in T. gondii-infected mice from a previous study and found no evidence of LWs. We hypothesize that the previous conclusion of LWs of T. gondii-specific CD8 T cells in the brain was reached due to missing timeframes in the data that create an impression of large displacements between assumed-to-be sequential movements. Conclusion. Our results suggest that movement strategies of CD8 T cells are largely similar between LNs, liver, and the brain and consistent with CRWs and not LWs.
O METRO DOS TRISTES
Authors: Ramos Ramon 
Published: January 2023

O ensaio propõe uma hipótese de leitura da obra poética de Torquato Neto (1944 – 1972) a partir da pulsão de morte presente em seus textos e letras de música. Parte-se da premissa de que o autor piauiense faz uso do desencaixe em seus textos como espelho do entrelugar (conceito de Silviano Santiago que exploraremos ao longo da argumentação) que ocupa biograficamente no movimento Tropicalista de que participou com Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Capinam e outros. A fixação de Torquato com a imagem de vampiros também será abordada como anunciação não apenas da morte fetichizante (ao gosto dos românticos do século XIX), mas também como o entrelugar de sua orientação sexual — além da evidente associação do morto-vivo com o tema central do ensaio: a morte. A condução do argumento será feita em diálogo com o poema “Deus Verme”, do poeta paraibano Augusto dos Anjos (1884 – 1914). Ao abordar a imagem do transformismo e do devorar o corpo morto, o poema compõe sua exaltação à decomposição, feito um suicida que exalta a própria possibilidade do fim — como é o caso de Torquato Neto.
Incompatibilidades enunciativas no Programa de Leitorado: uma análise semiolinguística do discurso de ex-leitores do governo brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Leilane Morais 
Published: January 2023

Partindo do âmbito das políticas internacionais ligadas ao idioma nacional, este artigo discute o posicionamento de profissionais que atuaram junto à política linguística externa - Programa de Leitorado - do governo brasileiro. O objetivo do estudo é verificar o posicionamento de ex-leitores quanto à experiência profissional de atuar na referida política. Para isso, o artigo analisa contrastivamente, por meio da Análise do Discurso Semiolinguística, os discursos que estes sujeitos apresentaram em relatórios oficiais enviados ao Itamaraty, bem como em resposta a um questionário aplicado pela autora. De modo geral, a análise dos dados permitiu concluir que, nos relatórios oficiais, os leitores se mostraram bastante satisfeitos diante da experiência que vivenciavam a cada semestre de trabalho realizado. No entanto, quando projetaram um Tud não institucionalizado (o qual equivale, em termos de Tui, à presente pesquisadora), o discurso adquiriu um tom de crítica e várias problemáticas foram apontadas.
Arts-and music-based activities and nondeliberative participatory research methods: building connection and community
Authors: Kelly Brian L. 
Published: January 2023

Arts exposure and engagement have been used throughout the history of the social work profession, particularly in community-oriented forms of social work and social group work. As one of the leading voices of the settlement house movement, Jane Addams, along with cofounder Ellen Gates Starr, championed the use of the arts at the Chicago-based settlement, Hull House (Glowacki, 2004). This practice lives on today as practitioners, researchers, and scholars argue for the inclusion of arts- and music-based activities in social work practice, education, and research (Huss & Sela-Amit, 2019; Nissen, 2019). While several expressive therapies have grown into substantial fields of practice with bodies of literature to support their efficacy and effectiveness (Malchiodi, 2013), including art, dance, music, and play therapies, these areas of practice tend to focus on micro-level interventions to address behavioural and medical health problems. There is a small but growing body of literature exploring the use of music-based activities to create opportunities for empowerment (Travis et al., 2019a, 2019b, 2020) and to engage participants’ talents, strengths, and interests (Kelly, 2017, Kelly). While these studies show that music-based activities have the power and potential to engage, harness, and foster participants’ strengths, less is known about how these types of activities might be used as nondeliberative participatory research methods to build connection and community, particularly within groups. This chapter will explore this idea, beginning with brief reviews of Norma Lang’s (2016) theory of nondeliberative practice and participatory research methods, followed by a case study of a research project I conducted that used audio documentary as a nondeliberative participatory research method.
Autoethnographic playwriting and performance for self-healing and advocacy
Authors: Pinto Rogério Meireles 
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on how autoethnographic playwriting and performance can be used as research pursuits in social work. It lays out (1) a rationale for using playwriting and performance as a research method to engage in self-healing and to advance social change; (2) a case study including theoretical approach, research procedures, and dissemination; and (3) a discussion for future social work research and practice. Autoethnographic playwriting and performance provides a tool that researchers can use to explore the experiences of research participants.
Art as a way of improving participatory action research: an experience with youngsters with an intellectual disability and their families
Authors: Román Carlota García , Cisneros Linda Ducca , Casas David González , Astray Andrés Arias 
Published: January 2023

This chapter describes the use of different artistic expression strategies in a participatory action research process. The protagonists of this project are young people with intellectual disabilities and their families in the context of a socio-occupational training programme at the university. The main objective of the research is to explore themes around the overprotection–autonomy continuum from the participants’ perspectives. A set of artistic techniques from different disciplines (visual art, performing art, and music) were used as a means to discuss and define the terms and their implications. Critically, this was in a participatory manner. At the beginning, the young people and their parents worked separately and independently following the same research steps and performing similar activities. The process and the methodology created opportunities to bridge the gap and increase mutual understanding that would not be possible through the daily interactions of normal life. Concrete examples are presented that highlight the benefits and difficulties of introducing activities not commonly found in a university environment. The analysis also includes a critical reflection about the possible use of art techniques in participatory action research projects with people with intellectual disabilities.
Exploring caregivers’ experiences of Kangaroo Mother Care in Bangladesh: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Sjömar Johanna , Ottesen Hedda , Banik Goutum , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Thernström Blomqvist Ylva , Rahman Syed Moshfiqur , Målqvist Mats 
Published: January 2023

Background
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an evidence-based intervention recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce preterm mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to explore caregivers’ experiences of providing KMC in hospital settings and after continuation at home in Bangladesh in order to assess enablers and barriers to optimal implementation.

Methods
Interviews with fifteen caregivers were conducted using an interview guide with semi-structured questions in August 2019 and March 2020. Convenience sampling was used to select hospitals and participants for the study. The inclusion criteria were being a caregiver currently performing KMC in the hospital or having been discharged one week earlier from the KMC ward. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach.

Results
Three themes were identified as regards the caregivers’ experiences of providing KMC: conducive conditions, an empowering process, and suboptimal implementation. The results showed that there are supporting circumstances for caregivers performing KMC in Bangladesh, including social support structures and positive attitudes to the method of care. It also appeared that the caregivers felt strengthened in their roles as caregivers by learning and performing KMC. However, the implementation of KMC was suboptimal due to late initiation of KMC, difficulties with keeping the baby skin-to-skin, and pain after cesarean section hampering skin-to-skin practice.

Conclusions
The social and cultural conditions for the caregivers to perform KMC as well as the empowerment the parents felt in their roles as caregivers when performing KMC are facilitating factors for this method of care. Initial separation and late initiation of KMC, as well as disregard for the mothers’ needs for care and support, were barriers to optimal practice leading to missed opportunities. These facilitators and barriers need to be addressed in order to succeed in scaling up the national KMC program.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in vaccinated and vaccine naïve adult Nigerians
Authors: Onifade Abdulfattah Adekunle , Fowotade Adeola , Rahamon Sheu Kadiri , Edem Victory Fabian , Yaqub Surajudeen Adebayo , Akande Olatunji Kadri , Arinola Olatunbosun Ganiyu 
Published: January 2023

Background
Reports on the evaluation of immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccines are limited. Similarly, effects of age and gender have not been well explored as variables that could impact on the vaccine-induced antibody response. Therefore, seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in vaccinated and vaccine naïve adult Nigerians was determined in this study.

Methodology
A total of 141 adults were enrolled into this study. Presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and IgM antibodies were qualitatively detected using a Rapid Diagnostic Test kit.

Results
Pre-vaccination, 77% of the study participants had never had PCR-confirmed COVID-19 test yet 66.7% of them were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Of 111 COVID-19 vaccinated participants, 69.2% and 73.8% of them had SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG post-first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccine respectively. However, 23.1% and 21.4% of the participants who have had first and second doses respectively had no detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The proportion of participants with SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG was insignificantly higher in those between the ages of 18–40 years and 41–59 years compared with individuals aged ≥60 years. No significant association was observed between gender and seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Conclusion
There is high SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among Nigerian adults who never had PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Also, there is the need for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies screening post vaccination as this could be essential in achieving herd immunity. Age and gender do not seem to have significant association with seropositivity.
Sensory Theatre: How to Make Interactive, Inclusive, Immersive Theatre for Diverse Audiences by a Founder of Oily Cart, Tim Webb (2022)
Authors: Fisher Teresa A. 
Published: January 2023

Review of: Sensory Theatre: How to Make Interactive, Inclusive, Immersive Theatre for Diverse Audiences by a Founder of Oily Cart, Tim Webb (2022)
New York: Routledge, 278 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-00309-128-8, e-book, $35.95
Ausbildung von DaF-Lehrkräften in Polen am Beispiel der Pädagogischen Universität Krakau
Authors: Czaplikowska Renata 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Lehrkräfteausbildung in Polen hat in der Zeit nach der politischen Wende 1989 schwierige Wege beschritten und befindet sich nach wie vor in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen Traditionen, Anforderungen der Bologna-Reform und Innovationen. In diesem Artikel wird versucht, am Beispiel der Pädagogischen Universität in Krakau die Besonderheiten der Lehrkräfteausbildung für das Unterrichten von Deutsch als Fremdsprache darzustellen. Neben dem Aufbau des Studiums werden die zu entwickelnden Kompetenzen, die Ausbildungsinhalte und die Lehrmethoden vorgestellt.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(pyrazine-1,4-diyl)-bis(propan-2-one), C10H14N2O2
Authors: Zhong Qi-Di , Wang Rui , Zhao Kai-Hui , Fu Yu-Wei , Li Dong-Mei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C10H14N2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 4.1183(15) Å, b = 9.787(4) Å, c = 12.649(5) Å, β = 100.411(12)°, V = 501.4(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0484, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0925, T = 293 K.

CCDC no.: 2222584
The crystal structure of 4,4′-dichloro-3,5′-diphenyl-1′H-1,3′- bipyrazole, C18H12Cl2N4
Authors: Wang Lutong , Lei Sufang , Li Yuanxiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C18H12Cl2N4, monoclinic, Pn (no. 7), a = 11.832(3) Å, b = 11.326(3) Å, c = 23.837(6) Å, β = 96.706(4)°, V = 3172.7(14) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0517, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1281.

CCDC no.: 2225569