bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earth as an Exoplanet. II. Earth’s Time-variable Thermal Emission and Its Atmospheric Seasonality of Bioindicators
Authors: Mettler Jean-Noël , Quanz Sascha P. , Helled Ravit , Olson Stephanie L. , Schwieterman Edward W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We assess the dependence of Earth’s disk-integrated mid-infrared thermal emission spectrum on observation geometries and investigate which and how spectral features are impacted by seasonality on Earth. We compiled an exclusive data set containing 2690 disk-integrated thermal emission spectra for four different full-disk observing geometries (North and South Pole-centered and Africa and Pacific-centered equatorial views) over four consecutive years. The spectra were derived from 2378 spectral channels in the wavelength range from 3.75–15.4 μm (nominal resolution ≈1200) and were recorded by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on board the Aqua satellite. We learned that there is significant seasonal variability in Earth’s thermal emission spectrum, and the strength of spectral features of bioindicators, such as N2O, CH4, O3, and CO2 depends strongly on both season and viewing geometry. In addition, we found a strong spectral degeneracy with respect to the latter two indicating that multi-epoch measurements and time-dependent signals may be required in order to fully characterize planetary environments. Even for Earth and especially for equatorial views, the variations in flux and strength of absorption features in the disk-integrated data are small and typically ≤ 10%. Disentangling these variations from the noise in future exoplanet observations will be a challenge. However, irrespectively of when the planet will be measured (i.e., day or night or season) the results from mid-infrared observations will remain the same to the zeroth order, which is an advantage over reflected light observations.
Evolutionary Deformation toward the Elastic Limit by a Magnetic Field Confined in the Neutron-star Crust
Authors: Kojima Yasufumi , Kisaka Shota , Fujisawa Kotaro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Occasional energetic outbursts and anomalous X-ray luminosities are expected to be powered by the strong magnetic field in a neutron star. For a very strong magnetic field, elastic deformation becomes excessively large such that it leads to crustal failure. We studied the evolutionary process driven by the Hall drift for a magnetic field confined inside the crust. Assuming that the elastic force acts against the Lorentz force, we examined the duration of the elastic regime and maximum elastic energy stored before the critical state. The breakup time was longer than that required for extending the field to the exterior, because the tangential components of the Lorentz force vanished in the fragile surface region. The conversion of large magnetic energy, confined to the interior, into Joule heat is considered to explain the power for central compact objects. This process can function without reaching its elastic limit, unless the magnetic energy exceeds 2 × 1047 erg, which requires an average field strength of 2 × 1015 G. Thus, the strong magnetic field hidden in the crust is unlikely to cause outbursts. Furthermore, the magnetic field configuration can discriminate between central compact objects and magnetars.
On the Interpretation of the Scalings of Density Fluctuations from In Situ Solar Wind Observations: Insights from 3D Turbulence Simulations
Authors: Du Senbei , Li Hui , Gan Zhaoming , Fu Xiangrong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Solar wind turbulence is often perceived as weakly compressible and the density fluctuations remain poorly understood both theoretically and observationally. Compressible magnetohydrodynamic simulations provide useful insights into the nature of density fluctuations. We discuss a few important effects related to 3D simulations of turbulence and in situ observations. The observed quantities such as the power spectrum and variance depend on the angle between the sampling trajectory and the mean magnetic field due to anisotropy of the turbulence. The anisotropy effect is stronger at smaller scales and lower plasma beta. Additionally, in situ measurements tend to exhibit a broad range of variations, even though they could be drawn from the same population with the defined averages, so a careful averaging may be needed to reveal the scaling relations between density variations and other turbulence quantities such as turbulent Mach number from observations.
Fare antropologia in contesti patrimonializzati
Authors: Santoro Vita 
Published: April 2023

Nell’anno 2019 la città italiana di Matera è stata Capitale Europea della Cultura. Grazie al riconoscimento ottenuto e alle copiose risorse investite da istituzioni pubbliche ed enti privati è stato possibile ideare e produrre un programma culturale focalizzato da un lato sulla storia locale, le tradizioni e le memorie della città e, dall’altro, sulla internazionalizzazione e la co-creazione delle attività culturali in chiave contemporanea con il coinvolgimento della scena creativa regionale, in aggiunta alla digitalizzazione del patrimonio culturale locale in una modalità open data. A seguito di un accordo con l’Università della Basilicata, nell’ambito del progetto I-DEA, è stata effettuata una ricerca etnografica e patrimoniale, finalizzata in particolare alla raccolta di storie di vita dei vecchi abitanti dei rioni Sassi e relativa al periodo storico della cosiddetta “frattura” che era stata determinata dalla dislocazione di una parte degli abitanti della città dai vecchi e malsani rioni ai nuovi quartieri periferici. La produzione partecipata di un corpus di memorie individuali ha consentito di riflettere criticamente sulle dinamiche di spaesamento e appaesamento, vissute e interiorizzate dagli abitanti che hanno subito gli sgomberi e le riallocazioni. Oltretutto, la polifonia di ricordi collezionati potrebbero costituire il primo nucleo di un archivio partecipato di testimonianze orali, digitale e pubblico, divenendo un ulteriore dispositivo in grado di raccontare un pezzo di storia complesso e doloroso della città. L’articolo intende presentare alcuni esiti dell’esperienza di ricerca, soffermandosi in particolare sulle implicazioni metodologiche emerse durante il fieldwork, sia in relazione all’esperienza pratica di indagine e alle dimensioni etica e relazionale del posizionamento antropologico – data la prossimità con i temi affrontati e la pratica autoetnografica e sostanzialmente at home – sia a proposito della postura adottata, al contempo critica e partecipativa e riguardante l’analisi di processi istituzionali, produzioni discorsive e questioni patrimoniali relative al passato recente della città e tuttora in corso. Inoltre, obiettivo dell’articolo è provare a contribuire al dibattito disciplinare sulle problematiche di natura etico-giuridica relative ad accesso, utilizzo e restituzione di dati e documenti raccolti, co-prodotti e archiviati digitalmente in contesti fortemente sottoposti a pratiche patrimoniali e turistiche. Si tratta di questioni rilevanti che hanno senza dubbio determinato mutamenti nella metodologia applicata e nel setting etnografico, anche in considerazione della necessaria applicazione del recente General Data Protection Regulation.
INVESTIGATIONS ON OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURE RISK ASSESSMENT AMONG SOUTH INDIAN WOMEN
Authors: Dhandapani Kathirvelu , Vinupritha P. , Parimala D. , Eucharista E. J. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Osteoporosis results in an increased risk of fracture among aging women. A strong connection exists for bone health with tooth loss, menopause, diet, BMI and hysterectomy. Purpose: To study the impact of heel BMD with age, BMI, menopausal status, hysterectomy and tooth loss among people living in Chennai metropolitan neighborhood. Materials and Methods: The study involved ([Formula: see text], age: [Formula: see text] years) women, which included women with normal BMD ([Formula: see text] = 35, age: [Formula: see text] years), Osteopenia ([Formula: see text], age: [Formula: see text] years) and Osteoporosis ([Formula: see text], age: [Formula: see text] years). All the participants underwent BMD assessment at their right heel using an Ultrasound densitometer system (Model: CM-200, Manufacturer: FURUNO ELECTRIC CO. LTD., Japan). The subjects were classified into various subgroups based on BMD, age, Menopausal status, hysterectomy and tooth loss. Results: The mean age of women attaining menopause and those undergoing hysterectomy are [Formula: see text] years and [Formula: see text] years, respectively. The decrease of heel BMD was very prominent among women having more than two tooth extracted, menopause and hysterectomy. It was found that approximately 90% of the studied population were suffering from either osteopenia or osteoporosis in their post-menopausal period. Conclusion: Women aged above 50 years are at greater risk of osteoporosis due to post-menopausal phase, high probability of undergoing hysterectomy and tooth loss. Therefore, women should ensure sufficient consumption of calcium rich diet in their entire life cycle to ensure a healthy livelihood.
The Multifaceted Immunology of Cytokine Storm Syndrome
Authors: Lee Pui Y , Cron Randy Q 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cytokine storm syndromes (CSSs) are potentially fatal hyperinflammatory states that share the underpinnings of persistent immune cell activation and uninhibited cytokine production. CSSs can be genetically determined by inborn errors of immunity (i.e., familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis) or develop as a complication of infections, chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., Still disease), or malignancies (e.g., T cell lymphoma). Therapeutic interventions that activate the immune system such as chimeric Ag receptor T cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition can also trigger CSSs in the setting of cancer treatment. In this review, the biology of different types of CSSs is explored, and the current knowledge on the involvement of immune pathways and the contribution of host genetics is discussed. The use of animal models to study CSSs is reviewed, and their relevance for human diseases is discussed. Lastly, treatment approaches for CSSs are discussed with a focus on interventions that target immune cells and cytokines.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Functions of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Differentiated Cytotrophoblasts Derived from Term Human Placentas
Authors: Motomura Kenichiro , Morita Hideaki , Okada Naoko , Matsuda Akio , Nakae Susumu , Fujieda Mikiya , Sago Haruhiko , Saito Hirohisa , Matsumoto Kenji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pregnant women are exposed to various microbes, some of which can harm the mother and/or fetus and can lead to life-long morbidity and even death. The syncytiotrophoblast (STB) covers the placental villi and comes into direct contact with pathogens contained in the maternal blood and plays a key role in placental host defense. However, the precise mechanisms whereby the STB recognizes and responds to pathogenic microbes remain unclear. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of functional pattern recognition receptors, which are responsible for tissue defense against pathogens, in a primary STB model differentiated from highly purified human term cytotrophoblasts (CTBs). Screening for mRNA expression and multiplex cytokine/chemokine production demonstrated that differentiated CTBs (dCTBs) predominantly expressed dsRNA receptors, including TLR3, MDA5, and RIG-I. We confirmed that term human placentas also expressed TLR3. Transcriptome analysis revealed common and unique responses of dCTBs to a synthetic dsRNA (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) compared with human peripheral mononuclear cells. Moreover, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid induced the release of type I and type III IFNs (IFN-β, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3), as well as mRNA expression of IFN-stimulated genes (IFIT1, MX1, and OAS1). dCTBs underwent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in response to dsRNA stimulation. These results suggest that dsRNA receptors expressed on the STB are key players in antiviral defense in the placenta. Elucidation of the underpinnings of these defense processes can help us better understand the pathophysiology of viral infections during pregnancy.
A professional nurse’s understanding of quality nursing care in Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Nyelisani Maggie , Makhado Lufuno , Luhalima Takalani 
Published: April 2023

Background: Quality has increasingly become a critical part of life in every aspect. Patients are today continuously looking for good quality services from health professionals. Professional nurses are expected to render quality care to fulfil the patients’ healthcare needs. Poor nursing care has led to several litigations and the loss of patients’ lives. It is essential to explore professional nurses’ viewpoints regarding quality nursing care.Objectives: To explore and describe the understanding of professional nurses regarding quality care rendered to patients in the selected hospitals of Limpopo Province.Method: This study utilised a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive design. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. Participants comprised 35 professional nurses who were purposely selected. Data collected were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using Tech’s eight-step data coding process, which led to the emergence of themes and sub-themes. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, confirmability, dependability, and transferability.Results: Three themes emerged: professional nurses’ descriptions, meanings, and expectations of quality nursing care. The findings highlight that quality nursing care means meeting patients’ needs through advocacy, empathy, fulfilment of patients’ needs, good interpersonal relationships and teamwork. Challenges experienced included the lack of resources and staff shortage.Conclusion: Hospital management needs to develop effective ways to support professional nurses in delivering quality nursing care. In discussion with the Department of Health (DoH), hospitals should be fully equipped with resources to render quality care to patients. Evaluation of service quality and patient satisfaction should be ongoing for improving the quality of patient care.Contribution: The study reveals that professional nurses perceive quality nursing care differently. Moreover, it emphasises the importance of maintaining and promoting quality nursing care as the cornerstone of healthcare.
Objective structured clinical examination: Do first-year nursing students perceive it to be stressful?
Authors: Adibone Emebigwine Dorothee Line , Linda Ntombizodwa S.B. , Martin Penelope 
Published: April 2023

Background: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is widely accepted as an effective means of assessing clinical competence and nursing skills. There is, however, little existing knowledge on how first-year nursing students perceived stress during their first OSCE.Objectives: To determine the perception of stress; to identify the perceived factors causing stress; and to determine the perceived incidence of stress.Method: A descriptive, survey was conducted on a sample of 82 first-year nursing students using the Perceived Stress Scale (PPS).Results: The results showed that more than half (n = 54) of students perceived stress at moderate levels. Students not having sufficient time to complete the OSCE was perceived as the main factor causing stress (mean = 22.04; standard deviation [s.d.] = 6.21). The correlation between perception of stress and perceived factors causing stress showed a significant weak positive linear correlation among the variables (r = 0.45; p 0.05).Conclusion: The study findings are important as the data determining the first-year nursing students’ perception of stress were collected immediately after their first OSCE, which may indicate that perception of stress was related to the actual event rather than the preparation for the OSCE. A follow-up qualitative research study should be conducted, preferably in the same setting, so that the students’ experiences of stress during the first OSCE can be explored in depth.
Risk factors and predictors of adverse outcomes of in paediatric febrile neutropenia
Authors: Adekunle Motunrayo O. , Davidson Alan , Hendricks Marc 
Published: April 2023

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the commonest acute complication of cancer treatment in children. The identification of patients at risk for FN as well as adverse outcomes has been described.Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and potential risk factors for FN and describe adverse outcomes in a cohort of children treated for cancer.Setting: The study was carried out in a paediatric oncology unit in a children’s hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.Methods: A retrospective study from 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 on children with cancer at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.Results: Two hundred and sixty-seven episodes of FN occurred in 179 patients. Independent predictors of FN were acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (p = 0.039), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) (p = 0.020) and intensive chemotherapy (p ≤ 0.001). Mucositis (p = 0.001), central venous access device (CVAD) placement (p = 0.004), haematologic malignancies (p = 0.040), blood transfusion during FN episode (p 0.001) and severe neutropenia (white cell counts 0.3 × 109 cells/L) (p ≤ 0.001) were risk factors for adverse outcomes. The mortality rate from FN was 3.57%. Independent predictors of adverse outcomes in those with FN were AML (p = 0.001), CVAD placement (p = 0.019) and severe neutropenia (p = 0.005).Conclusion: Treatment related adverse outcomes following chemotherapy-induced FN are likely in children with AML, severe neutropenia and with CVAD placement.Contribution: Adverse outcomes from paediatric febrile neutropenia is high. There is need for clinical decision making aimed at prevention and early identification of individuals at risk.
Assessing the quest for miracles in Nigeria from the economic perspective
Authors: Ademiluka Solomon O. 
Published: April 2023

In recent times, the quest for miracles among Nigerian Christians has become a social menace as many have fallen victim to fake miracle workers. The article studied the quest for miracles in Nigeria against the purpose and significance of miracles in the New Testament (NT), and sought to appraise this behaviour as a possible effect of the poor economic situation in the country. It applied the reader-oriented and descriptive methods. The work found that the manner of the quest for miracles by many Nigerian Christians indicates their lack of understanding of the essence of miracles in the NT. This wrong perception also explains the frantic efforts by some pentecostal preachers to work miracles, including commercialisation of miracles and certain occult practices. The essay concluded that Nigerian Christians wrong attitude towards miracles is an effect of the high rate of poverty in the country. The menace can, therefore, be ameliorated by addressing the economic situation. Government should change its corrupt attitude towards the economy while the church has to educate their members about the teaching of the Bible on miracles, and direct her preaching against corruption and its perpetrators.Contribution: The article is a contribution to the discourse on the controversies on miracles. It argues that Nigerian Christians’ perception of miracles contradicts the essence of miracles in the NT, and that this perception and the practices involved are an effect of the poor economic situation in the country.
Haematological Indices and Coagulation Profile as Predictors of Disease Severity and Associations with Clinical Outcome among COVID-19 Patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Kalejaiye Olufunto Olufela , Bolarinwa Abiola Bukunmi , Amaeshi Lemchukwu Chukwunonye , Ogamba Chibuzor Franklin , Nmadu Danladi Abraham , Sopekan Babajide Ayodeji , Akase Iorhen Ephraim 
Published: April 2023

Background:
This study aims to evaluate the use of haematological indices and coagulation profiles as possible low-cost predictors of disease severity and their associations with clinical outcomes in COVID-19-hospitalized patients in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
We carried out a hospital-based descriptive 3-month observational longitudinal study of 58 COVID-19-positive adult patients admitted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain the participants’ relevant sociodemographic and clinical data, including disease severity. Basic haematologic indices, their derivatives, and coagulation profile were obtained from patients’ blood samples. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare these laboratory-based values with disease severity. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 54.4 ± 14.8 years. More than half of the participants were males (55.2%, n = 32) and most had at least one comorbidity (79.3%, n = 46). Significantly higher absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), lower absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR) were associated with severe disease (P < 0.05). Patients’ hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.04), packed cell volume (P < 0.001), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.03) were also significantly associated with outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of disease severity was significant for the ANC, ALC, NLR, LMR, and SII. The coagulation profile did not show any significant associations with disease severity and outcomes in this study.

Conclusion:
Our findings identified haematological indices as possible low-cost predictors of disease severity in COVID-19 in Nigeria.
The Effects of Consuming Almonds and Almond Oil on Blood Lipids
Authors: Osman Muhamed T. , Al-Naggar Redhwan Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Pharmacological approaches to hyperlipidemia are used in practice to lower lipids, but the benefits in lowering lipid levels also lead to some adverse effects. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to find out how almonds and almond oil affect blood lipids.

Methodology:
The studies in this systematic review were chosen systematically by searching Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from the earliest date to March 2021. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts, followed by screening. Search strategy was conducted using the following keywords: Almond, Prunus, Prunus dulcis, amygdalus, oleum amygdalae, P. amygdalus, Prunus dulcis, Prunus amygdalus dulcis, and P. dulcis; human, person, subject, people, patient, participant, individual, volunteer, elder, senior, geriatric, women, men, adult, woman, and man; and LDL, Lipid, Lipid Profile, blood profile, HDL, Low Density Lipoprotein, TAG, Triglyceride, Triacylglycerol, High Density Lipoprotein, Cholesterol, Lipid regulation, TG Lipid Distribution, Total Cholesterol, Cholesterol, TC Lipid Distribution, cholesterol, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL, LDL-C, lipoprotein, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, and hyperlipaemia.

Results:
Overall, the studies demonstrate a significant outcome of almond or almond oil on lowering blood lipid levels, except in three studies. We included 40 clinical trials. In all studies, the average daily intake of almonds was between 10 and 100 g/day. For almond oil, it was 500 ml of almond oil daily. The duration of almond consumption ranged from 3 to 30 weeks. Sample sizes in all strata ranged from 12 to 128 participants. In the 17 strata, subjects were described as generally healthy and in 5 strata as overweight or obese.

Conclusions:
Consuming almonds or almond oil has a significant effect on lowering lipids.