bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-Of-Care Ultra-Sound (POCUS) for suspected surgical abdominal conditions in rural India–a mixed-method health needs assessment
Authors: Thomas Owen , Aruparayil Noel , Gnanaraj Jesudian , Mathew George , Nagarajan Kavikumar , Shinkins Beth , Jayne David 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Evidence has shown a trend towards rising mortality from surgical abdominal conditions with increasing distance from hospitals in Eastern India. It has been claimed that imaging modalities such as portable ultrasound are ideal for use in rural areas of developing countries for diagnosis and management of a variety of acute abdominal conditions. This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the need for increased access to POCUS in rural, hard-to-reach populations within India, and to identify barriers that may exist to increasing this access.

Methods
This mixed-methods study utilized a health needs assessment framework. Quantitative data was extracted from medical records within two outreach camp organisations supporting hard-to-reach populations in Uttarakhand and Jharkhand to provide contextual background statistics. Qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews taken from employees of each outreach camp. A framework analysis was employed to analyse the qualitative data. Both datasets were analysed in parallel.

Results
Twelve semi-structured interviews were undertaken, and 3 months of medical records were reviewed. Themes that presented themselves from the data included the use of camps for case-finding of conditions amenable to routine surgery, a need for POCUS to help with this diagnostic process, a perceived high disease burden from renal calculi, and complex cultural and legislative barriers to POCUS specific to this setting.

Discussion
POCUS was considered a useful tool in expanding access to surgery for these settings and finding ways of overcoming cultural and legislative barriers to its use should be of high priority. POCUS should be highly portable, robust, easily repairable, and battery operated. For telemedicine to be fully utilised, signal quality will have to be proven to be reliable.
Clinical markers of post-Chikungunya chronic inflammatory joint disease: A Brazilian cohort
Authors: Lázari Carolina dos Santos , Ramundo Mariana Severo , ten-Caten Felipe , Bressan Clarisse S. , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , Manuli Erika Regina , de Moraes Isabella , Pereira Geovana Maria , Côrtes Marina Farrel , Candido Darlan da Silva , Gerber Alexandra L. , Guimarães Ana Paula , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , Nakaya Helder I. , Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R. , Brasil Patrícia , Paranhos-Baccalà Gláucia , Sabino Ester Cerdeira 
Published: January 2023

Background
Chikungunya-fever (CHIKF) remains a public health major issue. It is clinically divided into three phases: acute, post-acute and chronic. Chronic cases correspond to 25–40% individuals and, though most of them are characterized by long-lasting arthralgia alone, many of them exhibit persistent or recurrent inflammatory signs that define post-Chikungunya chronic inflammatory joint disease (pCHIKV-CIJD). We aimed to identify early clinical markers of evolution to pCHIKV-CIJD during acute and post-acute phases.

Methodology/Principal findings
We studied a prospective cohort of CHIKF-confirmed volunteers with longitudinal clinical data collection from symptoms onset up to 90 days, including a 21-day visit (D21). Of 169 patients with CHIKF, 86 (50.9%) completed the follow-up, from whom 39 met clinical criteria for pCHIKV-CIJD (45.3%). The relative risk of chronification was higher in women compared to men (RR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.15–1.99; FDR = 0.03). None of the symptoms or signs presented at D0 behaved as an early predictor of pCHIKV-CIJD, while being symptomatic at D21 was a risk factor for chronification (RR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.09–1.55; FDR = 0.03). Significance was also observed for joint pain (RR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.12–1.61; FDR = 0.02), reported edema (RR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.44–9.06; FDR = 0.03), reported hand and/or feet small joints edema (RR = 4.22; 95% CI = 1.51–11.78; FDR = 0.02), and peri-articular edema observed during physical examination (RR = 2.89; 95% CI = 1.58–5.28; FDR = 0.002). Furthermore, patients with no findings in physical examination at D21 were at lower risk of chronic evolution (RR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.24–0.70, FDR = 0.01). Twenty-nine pCHIKV-CIJD patients had abnormal articular ultrasonography (90.6% of the examined). The most common findings were synovitis (65.5%) and joint effusion (58.6%).

Conclusion
This cohort has provided important insights into the prognostic evaluation of CHIKF. Symptomatic sub-acute disease is a relevant predictor of evolution to chronic arthritis with synovitis, drawing attention to joint pain, edema, multiple articular involvement including small hand and feet joints as risk factors for chronification beyond three months, especially in women. Future studies are needed to accomplish the identification of accurate and early biomarkers of poor clinical prognosis, which would allow better understanding of the disease’s evolution and improve patients’ management, modifying CHIKF burden on global public health.
Pilot study to evaluate hypercoagulation and inflammation using rotational thromboelastometry and calprotectin in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Stanford Sophia , Roy Ashok , Rea Catherine , Harris Ben , Ashton Antony , Mangles Sarah , Everington Tamara , Taher Rayan , Burns Daniel , Arbuthnot Emily , Cecil Tom 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Abnormal coagulation and inflammation are hallmarks of SARs-COV-19. Stratifying affected patients on admission to hospital may help identify those who at are risk of developing severe disease early on. Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a point of care test that can be used to measure abnormal coagulation and calprotectin is a measure of inflammation.

Aim
Assess if ROTEM can measure hypercoagulability on admission and identify those who will develop severe disease early on. Assess if calprotectin can measure inflammation and if there is a correlation with ROTEM and calprotectin.

Methods
COVID-19 patients were recruited on admission and ROTEM testing was undertaken daily for a period of 7 days. Additionally inflammatory marker calprotectin was also tested for the same period.

Results
33 patients were recruited to the study out of which 13 were admitted to ITU and 20 were treated on the ward. ROTEM detected a hypercoagulable state on admission but did not stratify between those admitted to a ward or escalated to ITU. Calprotectin levels were raised but there was no statistical difference (p = 0.73) between patients admitted to a ward or escalated to ITU. Significant correlations were observed between FIBA5 (r = 0.62; p<0.00), FIBCFT (r = -0.57; p<0.00), FIBMCF (r = 0.64; p<0.00) and INMCF (r = 0.57; p<0.00) and calprotectin.

Conclusion
COVID-19 patients were hypercoagulable on admission. The correlations between ROTEM and calprotectin underline the interactions between inflammation and coagulation.
The need for blood transfusion therapy is associated with increased mortality in children with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chegondi Madhuradhar , Hernandez Rivera Jose F. , Alkhoury Fuad , Totapally Balagangadhar R. 
Published: January 2023

Objective
Blood transfusion therapy (BTT) is widely used in trauma patients. However, the adverse effects of BTT in pediatric trauma patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were poorly studied. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of BTT on mortality in children with severe TBI.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort analysis, we analyzed 2012 and 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Databases and used a weighted sample to obtain national outcome estimates. We included children aged 1 month to 21 years with TBI who were mechanically ventilated, considered severe TBI; we then compared the demographics, comorbidities, and mortality rates of those patients who had undergone BTT to those who did not. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test and regression models. In addition, in a correlative propensity score matched analysis, cases (BTT) were matched 1:1 with controls (non-BTT) based on age, gender, hospital region, income quartiles, race, and All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (APRDRG) severity of illness scores to minimize the effect of confounding variables between the groups.

Results
Out of 87,980 children with a diagnosis of TBI, 17,199 (19.5%) with severe TBI were included in the analysis. BTT was documented in 3184 (18.5%) children. Among BTT group, the mortality was higher compared to non-BTT group [31.6% (29.7–33.5%) vs. 14.4 (13.7–15.1%), (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.9–2.6; p<0.05)]. In the BTT group, infants and adolescents, white race, APRDRG severity of illness, cardiac arrest, platelet, and coagulation factor transfusions were associated with higher mortality. In a propensity-matched analysis, BTT associated with a higher risk of mortality (32.1% [30.1–34.2] vs. 17.4% [15.8–19.1], p<0.05; OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.9–2.6).

Conclusion
In children with severe TBI, blood transfusion therapy is associated with higher mortality.
The study of GSDMB in pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Ji Xiaojuan , Chen Huaqing , Xie Ling , Chen Shiqi , Huang Shan , Tan Qi , Yang Huifang , Yang Tao , Ye Xiaoying , Zeng Zhaolin , Wan Chunlei , Li Longnian 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundGasdermin (GSDM) B is a member of the GSDM family, which is a protein that may be involved in the cell pyroptosis process and is associated with inflammatory diseases.ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between GSDMB and psoriasis vulgaris.MethodsSkin lesions from 33 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 69 normal controls were collected. ELISA and Western blot were adopted to detect proteins. The HaCaT cell line was transfected with 3 sets of interfering sequence siRNA, and the mRNA and protein levels before and after the transfection were measured by qPCR and Western blot respectively, so as to establish a cell model with lowGSDMBgene expression; the MTT method was used to detect cells viability, flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis.ResultsThe level of GSDMB protein in the skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris was lower than that in normal skin tissues (P< 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of the target gene in the siRNA-GSDMB-3 group were lower than those in the control group (P< 0.05). The proliferation of HaCaT cells was decreased by MTT method and flow cytometry, and the apoptosis rate was increased (P< 0.05).ConclusionThe expression level of GSDMB in psoriasis vulgaris lesion tissue is lower than that of normal skin tissue. The down-regulation ofGSDMBexpression can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. GSDMB may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by affecting the differentiation of keratinocytes and the function of T cells.
Community pharmacists’ response to complaints of gastroesophageal reflux: A simulated patient study in the Northern United Arab Emirates
Authors: Boura Fatima , Al-Tabakha Moawia M. , Hassan Nageeb , Darwich Mohamad 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Patients frequently use gastric acid-reducing agents (ARAs) to treat symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the risk for drug–drug interactions (DDI) is a serious concern. This potentially makes the community pharmacist (CP) act as a primary intervention by providing the appropriate counseling and dispensing practice.

Objective
To evaluate CPs’ counseling and dispensing practices regarding complaints of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), including recommending an appropriate course of action to prevent possible DDIs.

Materials and methods
A simulated patient (SP) methodology was used in this study. The community pharmacies in Ajman and Sharjah were visited by SP who’s responsible for acting as a patient, and by an observer who’s responsible for focusing on the interaction between the SP and the CPs without engagement. Data were recorded using a preprepared data collection form. Performance feedback was sent to the CPs after concluding all visits. Counseling and dispensing scores were classified based on the total scores to poor, inadequate, and complete. Appropriateness of the pharmacist’s decision was defined as dispensing antacid and advising of separating doses apart in time.

Results
A total of 150 community pharmacies was included in the data analysis. The findings of the current study demonstrated poor counseling and dispensing for the vast majority of the participants (81.3% and 67.3% of respondents, respectively). Only 4% of the CPs advised the SP to have a time interval between antacid and cefuroxime axetil. A significant difference in counseling scores was found between pharmacies located in Ajman and Sharjah (p = 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in dispensing scores between independent and chain pharmacies (p = 0.003).

Conclusions
The findings revealed inadequate counseling and dispensing practice by CPs. This study highlighted the need for continuous professional training programs to endow the CPs with the knowledge necessary for improving the CPs’ counseling and dispensing practices.
MRS Functions and the Pareto Interval in Public Good Provision
Authors: Kleinberg Norman L. , Ma Barry K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Lindahl-Samuelson condition is adapted to derive the range, or interval, of the efficient/Pareto levels of a public good. The size and bounds of the interval are shown to be dependent on the curvature of the marginal rate of substitution functions and the degree of heterogeneity of preferences. A policy implication is that unlike Nash or private provision, the relationship between the efficient level of a public good and income inequality can be ambiguous.
Molten salt corrosion of candidate materials in LiCl–KCl eutectic for pyrochemical reprocessing applications: a review
Authors: Chowdari Jagadeeswara Rao , Ningshen Sublime 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High temperature molten salt corrosion is of utmost importance for selecting and qualifying structural materials for critical applications. Pyrochemical reprocessing of spent metallic fuels of the future fast breeder reactors in India is widely considered. One of the main processes of pyrochemical reprocessing is electrorefining. Electrorefining is generally conducted in LiCl–KCl molten salt at 500–600 °C under an inert atmosphere. Research groups worldwide are involved in developing corrosion resistant materials and investigating the corrosion behaviour of various structural materials for LiCl–KCl applications under different environments. A wide variety of materials, including metals, alloys, intermetallics, single crystals, glass and ceramics, have been investigated in molten LiCl–KCl salt. This review focuses mainly on the corrosion assessment of materials for LiCl–KCl application; a complete literature review with emphasis on the corrosion issues of materials is provided. This paper reviews the corrosion issues of metals and alloys in molten salts and the selection criteria of corrosion-resistant materials for molten salts. Understanding the molten salt corrosion mechanisms and future research scope are also discussed.
Effect of Zr-doped CaCu3Ti3.95Zr0.05O12 ceramic on the microstructure, dielectric properties, and electric field distribution of the LDPE composites
Authors: Gao Liang , Zhang Jiaqi , Cui Yang , Wang Xuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this article, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and Zr-doped CaCu3Ti3.95Zr0.05O12 (CCTZO) particles were fabricated by the sol–gel combustion method, and then, CCTO/LDPE and CCTZO/LDPE composite films were prepared by the melt-blending and hot briquetting. The microstructures and dielectric properties of fillers and LDPE composites were investigated in detail. Results showed the lattice expansion of CCTZO caused by Zr doping reduced grain size, increased size uniformity, and remarkably reduced dielectric loss and conductivity. Compared with CCTO, small-size CCTZO enhanced dielectric constant of LDPE by 88.5% (∼3.45) due to enhanced interfacial polarization included by ultrahigh interfacial area (∼3.0 × 105 m2), remaining a lower loss tangent (0.013) and conductivity (2.42 × 10−13 S·cm−1) for the 10 vol% CCTZO/LDPE composite. Furthermore, finite element simulation proofed small-size and uniform CCTZO particles played a prominent role in homogenize electric field distribution in LDPE composite, which was beneficial for the use of these composites in the high voltage power cable field.
Dissenting with conviction: boosting in challenging the majority opinion
Authors: Boginskaya Olga 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article explores the role of metadiscourse in the realization of judges’ persuasive strategies in challenging the reasoning of the majority opinion. In particular, the article describes how dissenting judges exploit the boosting features to produce convincing arguments and control the power relationship with an audience. The findings are based on a linguistic analysis of 27 judicial dissents by judges of the Russian Constitutional Court. As regards the choice of boosting devices to be searched in the corpus, the present work adopts Hyland et al.’s (2021) taxonomy of boosters. The study shows that Russian judges make extensive use of boosters to show disagreement and challenge the majority opinion. The results have implications for our understanding of judicial dissenting as a legal genre which has been understudied in the literature, and for teaching legal writing to law students. I suggest that judge’s competence in presenting arguments includes a developed knowledge of metadiscourse.
High-precision intermode beating electro-optic distance measurement for mitigation of atmospheric delays
Authors: Ray Pabitro , Salido-Monzú David , Wieser Andreas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-precision electro-optic distance measurement (EDM) is essential for deformation monitoring. Although sub-ppm instrumental accuracy is already feasible with state-of-the-art commercial technology, the practically attainable accuracy on distances over more than a few hundred meters is limited by uncertainties in estimating the integral refractive index along the propagation path, which often results in measurement errors of several ppm. This paper presents a new instrumental basis for high-accuracy multispectral EDM using an optical supercontinuum to enable dispersion-based inline refractivity compensation. Initial experiments performed on two spectrally filtered bands of 590 and 890 nm from the supercontinuum show measurement precision better than 0.05 mm over 50 m for an acquisition time of around 3 ms on the individual bands. This represents a comparable performance to our previously reported results on 5 cm by over a range of 3 orders of magnitude longer, which can still be improved by increasing the acquisition time. The preliminary results indicate a relative accuracy of about 0.1 mm at 50 m on each wavelength. Improvement is possible by calibration and by implementing a self-reference scheme that mitigates slow drifts caused by power-to-phase coupling. The results reported herein thus indicate that the presented approach can be further developed for achieving sub-ppm accuracy of refractivity compensated distance measurements on practically useful ranges and under outdoor conditions.
New records of the rare bushy-tailed opossum, Glironia venusta Thomas, 1912 (Didelphimorphia), in Brazil, with notes on the species’ diet
Authors: Mercês Michelle Pinto , Alves-Silva Kleiton Rodolfo , Cavalcante Cleto Silva , Pavan Silvia E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rare bushy-tailed opossum, Glironia venusta, is known from only 12 records in Brazil, four of which from the state of Pará. Here, we provide two new records from western Pará, and the first observations of the species in the Tapajós-Xingu interfluve. In one case, the feeding behavior of the species was also recorded.
Effect of the substrate surface and coating powder hardness on the formation of a cold sprayed composite layer
Authors: Kahraman Ayça Demirer , Kahraman Fatih , Çulha Osman , Yağcı Tuğçe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, the powder hardness and substrate surface hardness on the coating formation in the cold spray process was investigated. The AA6082 aluminum alloy hardened by the shot-peening process was used as the base material. Two different metallic powders and a ceramic particle powder were used as powder materials with different hardness. Thus, the powder particles from different materials were sprayed onto the surface under the same spraying process conditions. In order to obtain a workpiece surface with different hardness values, shot-peening treatment was applied to the substrate material at different treatment times. According to the microstructural examination, the harder metallic coating powder has accumulated more and the lower hardness metallic coating powder has accumulated less when the substrate material hardness increases. Al2O3 particles in the layer formed were distributed close to homogeneous. Furthermore, the size of Al2O3 particles near the contact surface has become much finer especially in the long-term shot peened samples due to their higher hardness. From the indentation experiments, the elastic behavior and recovery amount of the composite coating layer increased due to the increase of the substrate surface hardness, and the stress distributions were performed less after the load was removed.
Donor Advised Funds & Delay: An Intergenerational Justice Solution?
Authors: Murray Ian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMuch writing on Donor Advised Funds (DAFs) relates to whether they ‘unduly’ delay the direct application of donated funds to achieve public benefit. However, the discussion rarely touches on a normative basis for determining what is ‘undue’ or that can be used to shape potential reforms, which are typically framed with reference to a private foundation payout rate or time limit for expending contributions. Research on charity accumulation conducted across the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, suggests that the normative principle of intergenerational justice is helpful for grounding such discussions (Murray, I. 2021.Charity Law and Accumulation: Maintaining an Intergenerational Balance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). This article considers intergenerational justice in the context of DAFs and considers whether the principle can be implemented in ways that support DAF sponsor independence and flexibility. One way that this could be achieved is by imposing (or enforcing existing) procedural obligations on decision-makers to give genuine consideration to intergenerational justice when making decisions about how much to spend and retain.
Incidence matrices and line graphs of mixed graphs
Authors: Abudayah Mohammad , Alomari Omar , Sander Torsten 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the theory of line graphs of undirected graphs, there exists an important theorem linking the incidence matrix of the root graph to the adjacency matrix of its line graph. For directed or mixed graphs, however, there exists no analogous result. The goal of this article is to present aligned definitions of the adjacency matrix, the incidence matrix, and line graph of a mixed graph such that the mentioned theorem is valid for mixed graphs.