bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the utility of a photorealistic virtual ear in otologic education
Authors: Shin Dongho , Batista Arthur V. , Bell Christopher M. , Koonar Ella R. M. , Chen Joseph M. , Chan Sonny , Dort Joseph C. , Lui Justin T. 
Published: February 2023

Background Otolaryngology–head and neck surgical (OHNS) trainees’ operating exposure is supplemented by a combination of didactic teaching, textbook reading, and cadaveric dissections. Conventional teaching, however, may not adequately equip trainees with an understanding of complex visuospatial relationships of the middle ear. Both face and content validation were assessed of a novel three-dimensional (3D) photorealistic virtual ear simulation tool underwent face and content validation as an educational tool for OHNS trainees. Methods A three-dimensional mesh reconstruction of open access imaging was generated using geometric modeling, which underwent global illumination, subsurface scattering, and texturing to create photorealistic virtual reality (VR) ear models were created from open access imaging and comiled into a educational platform. This was compiled into an educational VR platform which was explored to validate the face and content validity questionnaires in a prospective manner. OHNS post-graduate trainees were recruited from University of Toronto and University of Calgary OHNS programs. Participation was on a voluntary basis. Results Total of 23 OHNS post-graduate trainees from the two universities were included in this study. The mean comfort level of otologic anatomy was rated 4.8 (± 2.2) out of 10. Senior residents possessed more otologic surgical experience ( P < 0.001) and higher average comfort when compared to junior residents [6.7 (± 0.7) vs. 3.6 (± 1.9); P = 0.001]. Face and content validities were achieved in all respective domains with no significant difference between the two groups. Overall, respondents believed OtoVIS was a useful tool to learn otologic anatomy with a median score of 10.0 (8.3–10.0) and strongly agreed that OtoVIS should be added to OHNS training with a score of 10.0 (9.3–10.0). Conclusions OtoVIS achieved both face and content validity as a photorealistic VR otologic simulator for teaching otologic anatomy in the postgraduate setting. As an immersive learning tool, it may supplement trainees’ understanding and residents endorsed its use. Graphical Abstract
Outcomes and complications of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair with pars plana vitrectomy in young adults
Authors: Kasetty Venkatkrish M. , Aye Jennifer , Patel Nish , Tripathi Nitika , Hessburg Thomas , Kumar Nitin , Desai Uday R. , Hamad Abdualrahman E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Scleral buckling has been the standard for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair in young patients given the typical lack of posterior vitreous detachment, phakic status, and lower risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In older patients, pars plana vitrectomy alone is typically used for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. We report the outcomes and complications of pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in young eyes.

Methods
Retrospective, single-center cohort study. Medical records of patients between 15 to 45 years of age undergoing primary pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair between 2010 and 2020 were carefully reviewed. All analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis tests for numeric covariates between age groups.

Results
Eyes were stratified by age: 15–24 (group 1, n = 10), 25–34 (group 2, n = 14), and 35–45 (group 3, n = 38). The average number of surgeries were 1.9, 1.4, and 1.1 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.004). Single surgery success rates were 50%, 64%, and 92% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.005). Final reattachment rates were 80%, 93%, 100% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.568). Proliferative vitreoretinopathy developed in 50%, 7%, and 8% of eyes in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
While the final reattachment rates were excellent in all groups, the higher rates of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and lower single surgery success rate in younger patients may suggest that primary pars plana vitrectomy may not be the optimal repair method in these age groups.
Efficacy of endophytic wild strains of entomopathogenic fungi against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato plants
Authors: Giannoulakis Euaggelos , Mantzoukas Spiridon , Lagogiannis Ioannis , Dervisoglou Sophia , Perdikis Dionysios 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vegetable of great economic value. The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a serious pest of tomato. Its control is difficult due to the protection of the larvae in the galleries they create its fast resistance development too many active ingredients and due to its many generations per year. Many entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been reported as endophytes for various plant pathogens and pests. In this study, the endophyticity of Beauveria bassiana Balsamo (Vuillemin) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolated from the soils of Crete against larvae of T. absoluta in tomato plants was examined.

Results
As a result, the EPF isolates of Crete decreased both the distance of larval travel from the egg to the opening of the gallery and the weight of the T. absoluta larvae, but also colonized the tomato plants. The entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from tomatoes again. Mycelium began to appear 7 days later and had developed completely after 12 days at 25 ± 2 °C and in 95% RH. Interestingly, the period between the hatched egg and the emerged first instar T. absoluta larvae was affected significantly by the different treatments, but not by "repetition" or "plant". Interestingly, the distance was further significantly shortened after treatment with M. anisopliae isolate Crete and B. bassiana isolate Crete and the commercial strain. The development period of T. absoluta larvae varied significantly among the treatments, but not by repetition in time or plant. The treatments caused a significant variation in the weight of T. absoluta pupae. The lowest weight was recorded in the plants colonized by M. anisopliae isolate Crete.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated the ability of the B. bassiana and M. anisopliae from Crete to colonize the tomato plants and the wild strains of Crete affect the distance of larvae. With the presence of endophytic EPF, the period between the hatched egg and the emerged first instar T. absoluta larvae was decreased, as does the weight of the T. absoluta pupae.
Penile osteosarcoma
Authors: Athanazio Daniel Abensur , Bessa Maurício , do Egypto Pereira Filho José , Athanazio Paulo Roberto Fontes 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma arising in the penis is exceedingly rare and its major differential diagnosis is sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Case presentation
A 19-year-old patient noticed a deep nodule in the dorsal side of the penis 2 years before this presentation. No skin lesions were noted until recent ulceration. In both biopsy and penectomy specimen, atypical mononuclear cells were diffusely positive for SATB2 (a marker of osteoblastic differentiation), CD99 and vimentin. These cells were negative for pan-keratin, SOX10, S100, EMA, GATA3 and CD68 was expressed only in multinucleated giant (osteoclast-like) cells. Few areas suggestive of osteoid production were noted.

Conclusion
In high-grade sarcomas, including in the penis, SATB2 staining may be useful to identify extraskeletal osteosarcoma.
Perioperative management of patient with pre-existing deep vein thrombosis for laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion: a case report
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Dhiman Deepanshu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
A patient with chronic kidney disease and recurrent catheter-related thrombosis.

Case presentation
The patient had femoral vein thrombosis and was scheduled for laparoscopically assisted continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion. The chief concerns during the perioperative period were the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism, limited venous access, and risk of bleeding as the patient was on anticoagulation therapy. Meticulous attention was paid to history, clinical examination, and to the ongoing treatment with regard to risk of systemic thrombosis.

Conclusions
Management was tailored according to risk of thrombosis and bleeding during perioperative period along with identification adverse events associated with anticoagulation and preparedness for management of pulmonary embolism.
Results of a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial of trimodality therapy with I-125 brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and long- versus short-term androgen deprivation therapy for localized high-risk prostate cancer (TRIP/TRIGU0907).
Authors: Yorozu Atsunori , Namiki Mikio , Saito Shiro , Egawa Shin , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Hiroyuki Konaka , Momma Tetsuo , Fukagai Takashi , Tanaka Nobumichi , Ohashi Toshio , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Mizokami Atsushi , Nakagawa Yoko , Kikuchi Takashi , Stone Nelson 
Published: February 2023

305 Background: The TRIP trial was a multicenter, phase 3 randomized investigation designed to determine whether 30 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was superior to 6 months of ADT when combined with brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localized high-risk prostate cancer. Methods: The trial was done in 37 hospitals in Japan. Men between 40 to 79 years old with stage T2c-3a, or a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/ml or a Gleason score >7 received 6 months of ADT combined with I-125 brachytherapy at a prescription dose of 110 Gy, followed by EBRT of 45 Gy. Patients were randomly assigned either no further treatment (short arm) or 24 months of adjuvant ADT (long arm) after stratification. The primary endpoint was biochemical progression-free survival using the Phoenix definition of failure. Secondary endpoints included clinical progression, metastasis, salvage treatment, disease-specific survival, overall survival, and grade 3 or higher of adverse events. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted with survival estimates determined using competing risk analyses. Results: Of 332 patients, 165 were randomized to the short and 167 to the long arm. The median follow-up periods were 9.43 and 9.24 years, respectively. 24 patients have died in each arm. The cumulative incidence for biochemical progression in the short vs. long arm were 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.62-16.42) vs 9.5% (5.85-15.46) at 9 years, respectively (p=0.647). The cumulative incidences for clinical progression, distant metastases, salvage treatment, and disease-specific mortality events were not significantly different between the two arms. The overall survival rates of the short arm vs long arm were 87.2% (82.13-92.63%) and 85.9% (80.41-91.77%) at 9 years, respectively (p=0.914). Endocrine-related grade 3 morbidity for short arm vs long arm was 0.6% vs 1.8% (p=0.623), and radiation-related grade 3 morbidity was 1.2% vs 0.6% (p=0.622). Conclusions: In localized high-risk prostate cancer, TRIP did not demonstrate the superiority of 30 months vs. 6 months of ADT when combined with brachytherapy and EBRT. These data suggest that ultra-high radiation doses can be combined with a shorter course of ADT without compromising survival. Clinical trial information: UMIN000003992 .
A prospective phase II trial of neoadjuvant sintilimab in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of bladder.
Authors: Wan Fangning , Gu Chengyuan , Ma Chunguang , Zhu Yiping , Shen Yijun , Ye Dingwei 
Published: February 2023

509 Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of the PD-1 antibody in neoadjuvant setting of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of bladder (MIBC). Methods: In this prospective phase II trial (ChiCTR2000032730), eligible patients were cT2-T4 N0 MIBC, and were considered eligible for radical cystectomy (RC). Patients received sintilimab 200 mg on days 1, study treatment was repeated every 21 days up to 3 cycles before surgery. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0). Secondary endpoints included incidence of surgical related delayed events, relapse free survival, overall survival and safety. Results: Between Aug 2020 and Sep 2022, 15 patients (median age: 69, male 93.3%, PS=1 100%) were enrolled. The majority of patients (93.3%) completed the planned (median, 3; range 2 to 4) cycles of sintilimab without significant toxicities. The most common adverse events included hematuria (3/15), proteinuria (2/15), hypophosphatemia (2/15), hypoalbuminemia (2/15) and dysuria (2/15). Among the 15 patients who completed study treatment, 9 patients (60.0%) received RC. Among 6 patients who did not revive RC, 1 due to myasthenia gravis related to sintilimab, 1 due to progression disease, 3 patients refused RC due to bladder preserving, and 1 due to cardiac comorbidity unrelated to sintilimab. Pathologic results revealed 6 pCR (ypT0, 66.7%), 1 ypT0N1, 1 ypT2N0 and 1ypT4N0. At a median follow up of 181 days, they all had no disease recurrence and median DFS was not reached. 2 patients died of disease progression (1 refused RC, 1 had PD before RC). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant sintilimab was feasible and provided meaningful pathologic responses in patients with MIBC. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2000032730 .
Prognostic stratification by the Meet-URO score in a real-world elderly population of patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) receiving cabozantinib: A subanalysis of the prospective ZEBRA study (Meet-URO 9).
Authors: Damassi Alessandra , Cremante Malvina , Fornarini Giuseppe , Signori Alessio , Buti Sebastiano , Basso Umberto , Procopio Giuseppe , Maruzzo Marco , Sorarù Mariella , Di Napoli Marilena , Fratino Lucia , Santini Daniele , Grillone Francesco , Ballestrin Melissa , Dionese Michele , Murianni Veronica , Catalano Fabio , Banna Giuseppe Luigi L. , Rescigno Pasquale , Rebuzzi Sara Elena 
Published: February 2023

637 Background: The combination of neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), bone metastases and IMDC score in the novel prognostic Meet-URO score has shown a higher prognostic performance than the IMDC score alone in mRCC pts receiving ≥2nd line nivolumab or cabozantinib in two retrospective analyses and 1st line nivolumab-ipilimumab in a real-world prospective study [http://bit.ly/Meet-URO15_score]. Further validation is needed since this score represents an easy prognostic tool for clinical practice with no additional costs. Methods: A real-world analysis of elderly (≥70 yo) mRCC pts treated with any line cabozantinib was conducted in the multicenter observational prospective Zebra study. Baseline Meet-URO score was assessed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the Harrell’s c-index was calculated to compare accuracy of survival prediction of the Meet-URO and IMDC scores. Results: 104 mRCC pts received cabozantinib as 1st (38%), 2nd (20%), 3rd (33%) and 4th (8%) line, with a median follow-up of 11.2 months (mo) and a median overall survival (mOS) of 18.4 mo. According to the IMDC score, favorable- (15%), intermediate- (65%) and poor-risk (19%) pts had a mOS not reached (NR), 15.6 and of 5.7 mo, respectively (p = 0.011). Reclassifying the population according to the Meet-URO score, we observed that group 1 (10%) and group 2 (25%) had both mOS NR, whereas group 3 (33%), group 4 (25%) and group 5 (8%) had a mOS of 13.6, 12.5 and 3.7 mo, respectively (p = 0.001). Moreover, the Meet-URO score maintained its discrimination ability also merging group 1-2 vs 3-4 vs 5 (p < 0.001). NLR < 3.2 was the heaviest component of the score (p < 0.001, mOS 24.8 vs 11.5 mo). The Meet-URO score (using both original with 5 groups and modified with 3 groups) has shown a higher prognostic power than the IMDC score alone (c-index of 0.686 and 0.676 vs 0.622). Conclusions: This analysis confirmed the higher accuracy in survival stratification of the Meet-URO score compared with the IMDC score alone also in a specific population like elderly mRCC pts treated with cabozantinib. NLR was confirmed as a strong prognostic factor with cabozantinib. Further applications of the Meet-URO score in mRCC pts treated with first-line immune-combinations are planned and highly awaited. Clinical trial information: 2018/116/PU .
Mining Manchuria's Colonial Past
Authors: Fromm Martin Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rise of nationalism in China in recent decades has grown in part out of a state-sponsored patriotic education project centered on the production of narratives involving the century-long history of China's subjection to foreign imperialism. In the northeast, the regional history of Russian and Japanese colonialism during the first half of the twentieth century has provided abundant materials for this collective commemoration of China's anti-imperialist struggles. A network of commemorative projects undertaken at local, regional, and national levels of the PRC state since the 1980s, including oral histories, monuments, museums, gazetteers, and party histories, has reframed the history of the northeast borderland in terms that legitimize post-Mao nationalist and market reform ideology. This study brings attention to another dimension of these commemorative projects, the translation and republication of Chinese and Japanese historical accounts originally produced in northern Manchuria during the 1920s and 1930s. I argue that the diverse representations of the borderland's history that are included in these accounts, while originally embedded in the colonial institutional contexts of Manchuria, acquired new significance in post-Mao reimaginings of the region's place in defining nationalism and negotiating Sino-Russian relations.
Calendar ageing modelling using machine learning: an experimental investigation on lithium ion battery chemistries
Authors: Celen Burak , Ozcelik Melik Bugra , Turgut Furkan Metin , Aras Cisel , Sivaraman Thyagesh , Kotak Yash , Geisbauer Christian , Schweiger Hans-Georg 
Published: February 2023

Background: The phenomenon of calendar ageing continues to have an impact on battery systems worldwide by causing them to have undesirable operation life and performance. Predicting the degradation in the capacity can identify whether this phenomenon is occurring for a cell and pave the way for placing mechanisms that can circumvent this behaviour. Methods: In this study, the machine learning algorithms, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been used to predict the calendar ageing data belonging to six types of cell chemistries namely, Lithium Cobalt Oxide, Lithium Iron Phosphate, Lithium Manganese Oxide, Lithium Titanium Oxide, Nickle Cobalt Aluminum Oxide and Nickle Manganese Cobalt Oxide. Results: Prediction results with overall Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 0.0126 have been obtained for XGBoost algorithm. Among these results, Nickle Cobalt Aluminum Oxide and Nickle Manganese Cobalt Oxide type cell chemistries stand out with their mean absolute percentage errors of 0.0035 and 0.0057 respectively. Also, algorithm fitting performance is relatively better for these chemistries at 100% state of charge and 60°C temperature compared to ANN results. ANN algorithm predicts with mean absolute error of approximately 0.0472 overall and 0.0238 and 0.03825 for Nickle Cobalt Aluminum Oxide and Nickle Manganese Cobalt Oxide. The fitting performance of ANN for Nickle Manganese Cobalt Oxide at 100% state of charge and 60°C temperature is especially poor compared to XGBoost. Conclusions: For an electric vehicle battery calendar ageing prediction application, XGBoost can establish itself as the primary choice more easily compared to ANN. The reason is XGBoost’s error rates and fitting performance are more usable for such application especially for Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide and Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide chemistries, which are amongst the most demanded cell chemistries for electric vehicle battery packs.
Identity, Dignity and the Politics of Resentment
Authors: Callaway H. G. 
Published: February 2023

In his 2018 book, Identity, the Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment, Stanford University politi­cal scientist Francis Fukuyama addresses themes which might more properly be considered matters of political philosophy and the philosophy of law: How are we to navigate between traditional, ethnic, unitary conceptions of the nation on the one hand, and the threat of identitarian fragmentation on the other? Though Fukuyama affirms the importance of the concepts of human dignity and identity, more or less as these are commonly understood, he also criticizes the contemporary phenomenon of identity politics—which he views as a danger to liberal democ­racy. “The rise of identity politics in modern liberal democracies,” writes Fukuyama, “is one of the chief threats that they face;” and moreover, “unless we can work our way back to more universal understand­ings of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.” This paper raises the question of whether the well reasoned case against identity politics as a threat to national unity and purpose leaves room for skepticism of fast-paced and more ambitious (“Wilsonian”) pursuit of internationalist goals of globalization. Greater emphasis on political consensus at home may helpfully strengthen the hand of American foreign policy in support of liberal democracy. But we now look back with well founded skepticism on neo-conservative interventionism, and there are just and needed limits on globalizing internationalism imposed by and implicit in the retreat from identity politics. Having lost the unity of purpose of Cold War liberalism, we are yet to find a “golden mean” avoiding ethnic nationalism and short of political fragmentation.
Ownership Structure, Incentives, and Asset Returns
Authors: Jung Hae Won (Henny) , Subramanian Ajay , Zeng Qi 
Published: February 2023

We develop a dynamic equilibrium model to derive the endogenous relations among firms’ ownership structures, managerial incentives, and asset returns. Ownership concentration is positively related to managerial incentives (PPS) but is negatively related to its expected stock (dollar) return, and volatility. If initial block ownership is above (below) its steady-state level, block ownership and managerial PPS decrease (increase) over time to their steady-state levels, whereas the expected stock returns, return volatilities, and the price impacts of block trades increase (decrease). The convergence of these variables to their respective steady-state levels is faster for firms that are less productive, that are riskier, and whose earnings are more sensitive to managerial actions. The price impact of block trades is larger in firms that are more productive and smaller in firms whose earnings are more sensitive to managerial actions. Changes in the expected stock return over time are negatively affected by changes in block ownership but positively affected by changes in managerial incentives. Relative to owner-managed firms, more widely owned firms have lower expected stock returns and volatilities, faster dispersion of block ownership, and smaller but more variable price impacts of block trades. Compared with diffusely owned firms, firms with significant blockholdings have lower expected stock returns, higher return volatilities, and less powerful managerial incentives. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Funding: H. W. (H.) Jung and Q. Zeng received an internal research grant (AUD 15,000) in 2015 from the Faculty of Business and Economics at the University of Melbourne. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4696 .