bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bundling of authority and accountability in organizations
Authors: Wang Susheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDecision‐making authority is often bundled with accountability. Decision makers are usually made accountable for failure. We propose an incomplete‐contract approach to investigate four accountability systems: personal accountability, no accountability, collective accountability, and reverse accountability. We consider an organization defined by three assignments: income, authority, and accountability. These assignments are endogenously and jointly determined in equilibrium. Our main findings are: (1) authority and accountability are usually, but not always, bundled in equilibrium; (2) personal accountability and collective accountability are equally efficient, and no accountability and reverse accountability are equally efficient; (3) no accountability can be optimal if the authority is quite capable; (4) control tends to be assigned to managers whose personal benefit from and the marginal cost of control are relatively small; and (5) reverse accountability is generally inferior to personal accountability, but it can be optimal if the authority is quite capable and her marginal cost and personal benefit from control are sufficiently small.
Parasitoids and pathogens in a collapsingLymantria dispar(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) population in Lower Austria
Authors: Zankl Thomas , Schafellner Christa , Hoch Gernot 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA local population outbreak of the spongy moth,Lymantria disparL. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in Lower Austria, resulted in the defoliation of an oak forest in 2018 and 2019. In the study year 2020, the population density was still high but was expected to decline. In the present work, the role of parasitoids and pathogens in the collapse of the population was investigated. In total, 20 egg masses, 680 larvae and 12 pupae ofL. disparwere collected in the field from April to July 2020 and reared until the emergence of adult moths or death. Causes of mortality were determined based on emerging parasitoids and on microscope inspection of non‐parasitized cadavers. Stage‐specific mortality rates were calculated for eggs, larval stages (L1–L6) and pupae. Seven parasitoid species and three pathogens were responsible for the premature death of spongy moths. The egg parasitoidAnastatus disparis(Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) emerged from 19% of all eggs. Larval parasitoids caused stage‐specific mortality rates from 15% to 61%. The dominant parasitoid of young and intermediate instars was the solitary waspGlyptapanteles porthetriae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Mature larvae were mainly parasitized by the parasitic fliesBlepharipa pratensis(Diptera: Tachinidae) andParasetigena silvestris(Diptera: Tachinidae). Pathogens caused stage‐specific mortality rates from 11% to 41%. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV; Lefavirales: Baculoviridae) was the dominant pathogen in all instars. The introduced fungusEntomophaga maimaiga(Entomophthorales: Entomopthoraceae)—detected for the first time in Austria in 2019—caused low mortality rates in older larvae. Starting from high egg mass densities in spring, the spongy moth population declined to negligible levels until summer.
Is research on hedge fund performance published selectively? A quantitative survey
Authors: Yang Fan , Havranek Tomas , Irsova Zuzana , Novak Jiri 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examine whether estimates of hedge fund performance reported in prior empirical research are affected by publication bias. Using a sample of 1019 intercept terms from regressions of hedge fund returns on risk factors (the “alphas”) collected from 74 studies published between 2001 and 2021, we show that the selective publication of empirical results does not significantly contaminate inferences about hedge fund returns. Most of our monthly alpha estimates adjusted for the (small) bias fall within a relatively narrow range of 30–40 basis points, indicating positive abnormal returns of hedge funds: Hedge funds generate money for investors. Studies that explicitly control for potential biases in the underlying data (e.g., backfilling and survivorship biases) report lower but still positive alphas. Our results demonstrate that despite the prevalence of publication selection bias in many other research settings, publication may not be selective when there is no strong a priori theoretical prediction about the sign of the estimated coefficients.
Narratives in economics
Authors: Roos Michael , Reccius Matthias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is growing awareness within the economics profession of the important role narratives play in the economy. Even though empirical approaches that try to quantify economic narratives are getting increasingly popular, there is no theory or even a universally accepted definition of economic narratives underlying this research. First, we review and categorize the economic literature concerned with narratives and work out the different paradigms at play. Only a subset of the literature considers narratives to be active drivers of economic activity. To solidify the foundation of narrative economics, we propose a definition of collective economic narratives, isolating five important characteristics. We argue that, for a narrative to be economically relevant, it must be a sense‐making story that emerges in a social context and suggests action to a social group. We also systematize how a collective economic narrative differs from a topic and from other kinds of narratives that are likely to have less impact on the economy. With regard to the popular use of topic modeling, we suggest that the complementary use of other methods from the natural language processing (NLP) toolkit and the development of new methods is inevitable to go beyond identifying topics and move towards true empirical narrative economics.
Comparison of clinical and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy outcomes between in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in sibling mature oocytes from high‐risk patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Kim Jun‐Woo , Lee So‐Young , Hur Chang‐Young , Lim Jin‐Ho , Park Choon‐Keun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of insemination methods on clinical outcomes by assessing preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) outcomes in embryos obtained using in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in sibling mature oocytes from high‐risk patients.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 108 couples with nonmale or mild male factor infertility who underwent split insemination cycles from January 2018 to December 2021. PGT‐A was performed using trophectoderm biopsy, array comparative genome hybridization, or next‐generation sequencing with 24‐chromosome screening.ResultsMature oocytes were divided into IVF (n = 660) and ICSI (n = 1028) groups. The normal fertilization incidence was similar between the groups (81.1% vs. 84.6%). The total number of blastocysts biopsied was significantly higher in the IVF group than in the ICSI group (59.3% vs. 52.6%; p = 0.018). However, euploidy (34.4% vs. 31.9%) and aneuploidy (63.4% vs. 66.2%) rates per biopsy and clinical pregnancy rates (60.0% vs. 58.8%) were similar between the groups. Implantation (45.6% vs. 50.8%) and live birth or ongoing pregnancy (52.0% vs 58.8%) rates were slightly higher in the ICSI group than in the IVF group and miscarriage rate per transfer was slightly higher in the IVF group than in the ICSI group (12.0% vs 5.9%); however no significant difference was observed.ConclusionsIVF and ICSI using sibling mature oocytes had similar clinical outcomes, and euploidy and aneuploidy rates in couples with nonmale and mild male factor infertility. These results suggest that IVF is a useful option, along with ICSI, as an insemination method in PGT‐A cycles, especially in high‐risk patients.
Pushing yourself to the edge: The relationship of worker self‐sacrifice behaviour with perceived role performance, emotional exhaustion, and partner self‐sacrifice
Authors: Clinton Michael E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSelf‐sacrifice behaviour features in a number of well‐known management concepts such as organizational commitment, pro‐social motivation, and organizational citizenship behaviour, but is rarely acknowledged as a salient factor or examined directly. Drawing on theories of goal systems and personal resource allocation, and dyad data collected from 122 church ministers twice over 2 years and their partners, this study examines the extent to which worker self‐sacrifice behaviour is simultaneously an enabler of high work effectiveness and a cost for personal wellbeing. Findings support the ‘doubled‐edged’ nature of self‐sacrifice, showing that while worker reports of self‐sacrifice behaviour are positively related to increases in perceived role performance, they are also linked to partner ratings of worker emotional exhaustion and partner self‐sacrifice behaviour 2 years later. This study therefore validates the importance of self‐sacrifice behaviour in accounting for divergent work outcomes and its potential to spillover into the nonwork domain. The study further finds psychological detachment to partially moderate the relationship between worker self‐sacrifice and the two problematic outcomes. Therefore, psychological detachment offers a potential means of sustaining high self‐sacrifice behaviour over time and could play an effective role in related interventions.
It takes two to tango: Linking signature strengths use and organizational support for strengths use with organizational outcomes
Authors: Mubashar Tahira , Harzer Claudia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study tested and extended the motivational process of the Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) theory to explicate the role of signature strengths use as a personal resource and organizational support for strengths use as a job resource for a host of organizational outcomes. Our greater interest was to examine serial and parallel mediation of employee‐level variables (i.e., work engagement, job performance, and turnover intentions) between both types of resources (personal and job) and organizational outcomes (i.e., organizational performance and turnover). We collected data from 202 top managers from 56 branches of a large bank in Pakistan. The participants filled in data for most of the study variables, whereas the concerned bank officials provided objective ratings of organizational performance and turnover. The results indicated the indirect effect of signature strengths use and organizational support for strength use on perceived and objective organizational performance mediated by work engagement, job performance, and turnover intentions. Signature strengths use also showed a direct effect on perceived and objective organizational performance. The findings illustrate the potential benefits of using one's signature strengths for employee and organizational success and reiterate the importance of enhancing organizational support for strengths use for management groups who in turn can contribute substantially to organizational performance.
Shift and longtime light induces endometrioid adenocarcinoma via activation of PKC‐α/Akt pathway in female golden hamster: Involvement of altered Aanat and Bmal1 rhythm
Authors: Das Megha , Haldar Chandana , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFemale night‐workers get exposed to frequent light shifts, hence have altered circadian rhythm and are at high risk of endometrial cancer; the underlying mechanism however is still not clear. We, therefore examined the effect of long light exposure (16L:8D, LD1) and regular shift (8 h) in long nighttime (LD2) on endometrial changes of female golden hamsters. Morphometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy imaging, alcian blue staining, and cytological nuclear atypia of endometrial stromal cells confirmed the incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in LD2 exposed hamsters. But, less severe pathomorphological alterations were noted in uterus of LD1 exposed hamsters. Altered Aanat and Bmal1 mRNA, melatonin rhythm, downregulation of important marker gene of adenocarcinoma like Akt, 14‐3‐3, and PR protein expression and upregulation PKCα, pAkt‐S473 and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in LD2 exposed hamsters suggesting the endometrial adenocarcinoma. Further, our western blot analysis supported the immunohistochemical localization of PR, PKCα, and VEGF in uterine tissues along low progesterone. Overall, our data indicates that light shift and long light exposure potentially induced endometrioid adenocarcinoma via activation of PKC‐α/Akt pathway in female hamsters. Therefore, duration of light is essential for female normal uterine function.
Effect of time of sample collection after onset of diarrhea on fecal microbiota composition of calves
Authors: Li Lynna , Renaud David L. , Goetz Hanne M. , Jessop Emma , Costa Marcio C. , Gamsjäger Lisa , Gomez Diego E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of time of sample collection after onset of diarrhea on the fecal microbiota composition of calves is unknown.ObjectiveCompare the fecal microbiota of calves with diarrhea onset on the day of sampling (D <24h), and calves having had diarrhea for >24 to 48 hours (D 24‐48h).AnimalsThirty‐one diarrheic calves (20 D <24h and 11 D 24‐48h), 3 to 7 days of age.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Diarrhea was defined as a calf with loose feces or watery feces. Assessment of the fecal microbiota was performed by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons.ResultsRichness and diversity were not statistically different between D <24h and D 24‐48h (P > .05), but bacterial membership and structure differed significantly (AMOVA,P < .001 for both comparisons). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) showed an enrichment ofFaecalibacterium,Phocaeicola, Lachnospiracea, andLactobacillusin the feces of D <24h calves, whereasEscherichia/Shigella,Ligilactobacillus,Clostridium_Sensu_Stricto,Clostridium_Incerta_Sedis, andEnterococcuswere enriched in the D 24‐48h calves.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceRapid changes in fecal microbiota occur during the first 48 hours of diarrhea with an enrichment of lactic acid‐producing bacteria in D <24h followed by an enrichment inEscherichia/ShigellaandClostridiumspp. in D 24‐48h. The time from diarrhea onset to sampling appears to affect the bacterial composition. Researchers should standardize times for fecal collection based on the time of diarrhea.
Urinary incontinence in the postpartum 1‐year period: Its prevalence and effect on psychosocial status of women
Authors: Suar Gulennur , Cevik Feride , Simal Yavuz Nurgul , Ozerdogan Nebahat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and effect of urinary incontinence in the postpartum 1 year period on psychosocial status of women.MethodsThis study with a cross‐sectional and descriptive design was conducted between 01.10.2021 and 01.04.2022. There were 406 women in the postpartum 8 weeks to 1 year period who participated in the study. The data were collected through Identifying Information Form, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Nottingham Health Profile.ResultsIn the study, it was determined that 21.9% of the women in the postpartum period experienced urinary incontinence problems, and that the most common type of incontinence experienced was stress incontinence (62.9%). Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale mean score of the women who experienced urinary incontinence problems in the postpartum period was found to be significantly higher compared to those who did not experience this problem (P < .05), but no significant difference was found between the rates of those with depression risk according to the cutoff point of the scale (≥13 points). As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that the increase in depression risk resulted not from urinary incontinence but from age and parity. It was also determined that the mean scores of the women who experienced incontinence problems from the subscales of Nottingham Health profile was significantly high (P < .05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, urinary incontinence in the postpartum period is a prevalent problem affecting approximately one‐fifth of women. In addition, this problem negatively affects the psychological and social dimensions of women's health.
Construction and demolition waste disposal charging scheme design
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Yi Wen , Yuan Hongping , Wu Weiwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConstruction and demolition waste disposal charging is a critical component in construction waste (CW) management. Over the past few decades of implementation around the world, the effectiveness of waste disposal charging in decreasing negative environmental impact is gradually being questioned. This paper identifies two intertwined issues that have not attracted sufficient attention in actual practice. One is the consideration of contractors’ behavior, which is economically driven. Another is the influence of waste transportation, which is also a major stream of environmental pollution. These two aspects significantly affect the effectiveness of the waste disposal charging scheme. Contractors may not transport their generated CW to appropriate disposal facilities. They make decisions based on the disposal and transportation cost. To address this problem, this paper proposes a general construction and demolition waste disposal charging design methodology in which contractors’ behavior and the influence of waste transportation are taken into account. A mixed‐integer programming model is developed for the optimal design of the charging fees, which analytically formulates both of the abovementioned aspects. Furthermore, we developed a model that partially modifies the current charging scheme to better fulfill the environmental protection objective. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed methodology can effectively change contractors’ waste disposal decisions and significantly decrease the negative environmental impact of construction and demolition waste. This study contributes to a new perspective to better design the construction and demolition waste disposal charging scheme and has a wide range of applicability.
The m6A reader MhYTP2 negatively modulates apple Glomerella leaf spot resistance by binding to and degrading MdRGA2L mRNA
Authors: Guo Tianli , Bao Ru , Yang Zehua , Fu Xiaomin , Hu Liu , Wang Na , Liu Changhai , Ma Fengwang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fructicola, significantly threatens apple production. Some resistances to plant disease are mediated by the accumulation of nucleotide‐binding site and leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) proteins that are encoded by a major class of plant disease resistance genes (R genes). However, the R genes that confer resistance to GLS in apple remain largely unclear. Malus hupehensis YT521‐B homology domain‐containing protein 2 (MhYTP2) was identified as an N6‐methyladenosine RNA methylation (m6A) modified RNA reader in our previous study. However, whether MhYTP2 binds to mRNAs without m6A RNA modifications remains unknown. In this study, we discovered that MhYTP2 exerts both m6A‐dependent and ‐independent functions by analysing previously obtained RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing results. The overexpression of MhYTP2 significantly reduced the resistance of apple to GLS and down‐regulated the transcript levels of some R genes whose transcripts do not contain m6A modifications. Further analysis indicated that MhYTP2 binds to and reduces the stability of MdRGA2L mRNA. MdRGA2L positively regulates resistance to GLS by activating salicylic acid signalling. Our findings revealed that MhYTP2 plays an essential role in the regulation of resistance to GLS and identified a promising R gene, MdRGA2L, for use in developing apple cultivars with GLS resistance.
Aquinas's Ethics: the Infused Virtues and the Indwelling Holy Spirit
Authors: Stump Eleonore 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper explores Aquinas's ethics. For Aquinas, the moral life begins with a surrender to God on the part of a person who comes to faith. That surrender includes a change in the person's will from the state of resisting God's love and grace to quiescence, the cessation of resistance. Once a person's will is in this quiescent state, God infuses grace into his will. On Aquinas's views, in an instant this grace moves the person's will to the will of faith. In that same instant, the Holy Spirit comes to indwell in him and also brings into him also all the infused virtues, as well as all the gifts and fruits of the Holy Spirit. The paper explores Aquinas's claims about the infused virtues and the gifts and fruits of the Holy Spirit, and it argues that for Aquinas the moral life is first and foremost a matter of having a right second‐personal relationship to God.
Emmetropic eye growth in East Asians and non‐East Asians
Authors: Yii Fabian SL 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare axial length (AL) growth curves in East Asian (EA) and non‐EA emmetropes.MethodsA meta‐regression of 28 studies with emmetrope‐specific AL data (measured with optical biometry) was performed. Emmetropia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between −0.50 and +1.25 D, determined under cycloplegia if the mean age was ≤20 years. The AL growth curve (mean AL vs. mean age) was first fitted to the full dataset using a weighted nonlinear mixed‐effects model, before refitting the model with ethnicity as a two‐level grouping variable (EA vs. non‐EA). Ethnic differences in growth curve parameters were tested using the Wald test.ResultsA total of 3331 EA and 1071 non‐EA emmetropes (mean age: 6.5–23.1 years) were included. There was no evidence of an ethnic difference in either final AL (difference: 0.15 mm, 95% CI: −0.04 to 0.35 mm, p = 0.15) or initial AL, as represented by the amount that the final AL needed to be offset to obtain the y‐intercept (difference: −2.77 mm, 95% CI: −10.97 to 5.44, p = 0.51). Likewise, AL growth rate (curve steepness) did not differ between ethnic groups (difference: 0.09, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.31, p = 0.43). Collectively, AL growth rate decreased from 0.24 mm/year at 6 years of age to around 0.05 mm/year at 11 years of age, after which it dipped below the repeatability of optical biometry (±0.04 mm) and practically plateaued around 16 years of age (final AL: 23.60 mm).ConclusionsEA and non‐EA emmetropes have comparable AL growth curves.
Targeted temperature management at 36°C is a risk factor for ventilator‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Nasuno Masaru , Yokoyama Yukari , Motobayashi Mitsuo , Kobayashi Keiko , Omori Norio , Murai Takemi , Kubota Noriko , Kitamura Masatomo , Minami Kisei , Inaba Yuji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn contrast to the adult population, limited information is currently available on risk factors for ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) in children. Therapeutic hypothermia has been identified as a risk factor for the early onset of VAP in adults; however, the relationship between VAP and normothermia remains unclear. The present study investigated risk factors for VAP in children, with a focus on the deleterious effects of therapeutic normothermia on VAP.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of children treated with mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h and analyzed risk factors for VAP. The endpoint was the onset of VAP by the seventh day after the initiation of mechanical ventilation.ResultsAmong the 288 patients enrolled, seven (2.4%) developed VAP. No significant differences were observed in clinical backgrounds between the VAP and non‐VAP groups. A univariate analysis identified target temperature management (TTM) at 36°C (p < 0.0001) and methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy (p = 0.02) as risk factors for VAP. An analysis of the time to the onset of VAP by the Kaplan–Meier plot and log‐rank test revealed a significantly higher incidence of VAP in the TTM group (p < 0.0001) and mPSL pulse group (p = 0.001).ConclusionTTM at 36°C and mPSL pulse therapy may be risk factors for VAP in the pediatric population.