bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Lac and NGAL on the Condition and Prognosis of Patients with Diquat Poisoning
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Xu Wenpin , Qi Hongna , Zhu Baoyue , Wang Weizhan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAim:This study aims to explore the evaluation of lactic acid (Lac) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) on the condition and prognosis of patients with diquat (DQ) poisoning.Methods:A total of 79 cases of DQ poisoning treated in one hospital from January 2019 through February 2023 were included: 10 cases of mild poisoning, 49 cases of moderate to severe poisoning, and 20 cases of fulminant poisoning. According to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes-acute kidney injury (KDIGO-AKI) criteria, the patients were divided into 60 cases in the AKI group and 19 cases in the non-acute kidney injury (NAKI) group. According to the AKI diagnostic indicators, AKI patients were divided into Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III. According to prognosis, the patients were divided into survivor group and non-survivor group. During the same period, 30 healthy subjects were selected as the healthy group. The changes of blood Lac, NGAL, cystatin C (CysC), and serum creatinine (Scr) levels of patients were detected, the 28-day survival of patients was recorded, and the correlation between blood Lac, NGAL levels, and renal injury grade in patients with AKI caused by DQ poisoning was analyzed. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value and prognostic value of Lac, NGAL, and their combination in patients with AKI caused by DQ poisoning.Results:There were significant differences in AKI grade, Lac, NGAL, CysC, and Scr levels among different degrees of poisoning groups (P < .05). There were significant differences in the levels of Lac, NGAL, CysC, and Scr among patients with different AKI grades (P < .05). The levels of Lac, NGAL, CysC, and Scr in the survivor group were significantly lower than those in the non-survivor group (P < .05). The blood Lac and NGAL levels were positively correlated with AKI grades in patients with DQ poisoning (r = 0.752, 0.836; P = .000, .000). The combined detection of blood Lac and NGAL had higher predictive value for AKI and assessed value for death in DQ poisoning than either of them alone.Conclusion:The combined detection of Lac and NGAL have a certain clinical value in AKI grading and evaluating AKI prognosis caused by DQ poisoning.
Technical change, task reallocation, and wage inequality
Authors: Qian Long 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates wage inequality within the group of skilled workers in the recent four decades in the USA using CPS data and finds evidence that the trend of wage growth of the top and bottom 10th percentile of skilled workers significantly diverged starting from 2000. Using a task-based framework of occupation, I find that the changing trend of wage inequality was entirely driven by one category of occupation, namely the nonroutine analytic occupation. Then, I consider in a model task reallocation between two broad task categories, namely the routine and abstract task, induced by an ongoing investment-specific technical change. In my model, the labor in the routine task is replaced by cheaper machines due to investment-specific technical change, then workers that are less productive in the abstract task enter abstract occupations. As a result, the wage inequality in the abstract task widens because of the reallocation of less productive workers from the routine task to the abstract task, that is, the “composition effect.” In addition, since economic agents tend to postpone the investment in machines after the ongoing investment-specific technical change takes place for a while, the expansion path of wage inequality is not linear but features an acceleration of wage dispersion in the middle of the technical change. The quantitative results suggest that the model is able to provide a well-matched timing and magnitude of the nonlinear expansion path in wage inequality that is observed in the data.
Herbicide response and germination behavior of two goosegrass (Eleusine indica) populations in the Australian environment
Authors: Hooda Virender Singh , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGoosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] is one of the most problematic grassy weeds in the world. It is considered to be an important weed in summer fallows and crops grown in the eastern region of Australia. To examine the seed germination ecology of two populations (Gatton and Ingham) of E. indica and their response to postemergence herbicides in Australian conditions, experiments were carried out in the laboratory and screenhouse. Seedling survival, spike production, and plant biomass of both E. indica populations declined markedly with the application of postemergence herbicides such as butroxydim, clethodim, glufosinate, haloxyfop, and propaquizafop, whereas the application of paraquat failed to control the Ingham population. A dose–response study verified the presence of paraquat resistance in the Ingham population. In this regard, it was observed that the paraquat doses required to achieve a 50% reduction in survival and plant biomass were 27 and 21 times greater in the Ingham population compared to the Gatton population, respectively. Higher alternating temperatures (35/25 and 30/20 C) resulted in greater germination of both populations than lower alternating temperatures (20/10 and 25/15 C). At 20/10 C, the Ingham population failed to germinate; however, about 15% germination in the Gatton population was observed. At the lowest alternate temperature range (15/5 C), neither population germinated. The germination of both populations of E. indica was severely reduced under completely dark conditions compared with the alternating light/dark period. Germination was more tolerant of salt and water stress in the Ingham population compared with the Gatton population. Eleusine indica seedling emergence was comparable among populations, and the greatest emergence (83%) was observed for seeds buried at a depth of 2 cm but then declined dramatically, and no seedlings emerged from an 8-cm burial depth. The information acquired from this study could be used in developing effective management strategies for E. indica.
On the Decadal Changes of the Interannual Relationship Between ENSO and Tropical South Atlantic SST in Boreal Summer
Authors: Yang Qi , Fan Lei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms driving changes in the contemporaneous relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and tropical South Atlantic (TSA) sea surface temperatures (SST) during boreal summer over the past century. Our findings indicate that the negative TSA–ENSO relationship is primarily attributed to persistent ENSO years rather than ENSO transition or development years. This is because of the distinct anomalies observed in both spring ENSO and the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) during ENSO persistent years, whose impacts on summer TSA are of the same sign. Thus, their combined effects lead to a strong TSA anomaly that is opposite to that of ENSO. On a decadal timescale, the frequency of persistent ENSO occurrence can explain the fluctuation of the ENSO–TSA relationship over the past century. These findings enhance our comprehension of the relationship between summer ENSO and the tropical Atlantic SST.
Sub‐Mesoscale Wind‐Front Interactions: The Combined Impact of Thermal and Current Feedback
Authors: Bai Yue , Thompson Andrew F. , Villas Bôas Ana B. , Klein Patrice , Torres Hector S. , Menemenlis Dimitris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurface ocean temperature and velocity anomalies at meso‐ and sub‐meso‐scales induce wind stress anomalies. These wind‐front interactions, referred to as thermal (TFB) and current (CFB) feedbacks, respectively, have been studied in isolation at mesoscale, yet they have rarely been considered in tandem. Here, we assess the combined influence of TFB and CFB and their relative impact on surface wind stress derivatives. Analyses are based on output from two regions of the Southern Ocean in a coupled simulation with local ocean resolution of 2 km. Considering both TFB and CFB shows regimes of interference, which remain mostly linear down to the simulation resolution. The jointly‐generated wind stress curl anomalies approach 10−5 N m−3, ∼20 times stronger than at mesoscale. The synergy of both feedbacks improves the ability to reconstruct wind stress curl magnitude and structure from both surface vorticity and SST gradients by 12%–37% on average, compared with using either feedback alone.
Highly sensitive piezoresistive and thermally responsive fibrous networks from the in situ growth of PEDOT on MWCNT-decorated electrospun PU fibers for pressure and temperature sensing
Authors: Luo Yunyun , Zhao Libo , Luo Guoxi , Dong Linxi , Xia Yong , Li Min , Li Ziping , Wang Kaifei , Maeda Ryutaro , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFlexible electronics have demonstrated various strategies to enhance the sensory ability for tactile perception and wearable physiological monitoring. Fibrous microstructures have attracted much interest because of their excellent mechanical properties and fabricability. Herein, a structurally robust fibrous mat was first fabricated by electrospinning, followed by a sequential process of functionalization utilizing ultrasonication treatment and in situ polymerization growth. Electrospun polyurethane (PU) microfibers were anchored with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to form conductive paths along each fiber by a scalable ultrasonic cavitation treatment in an MWCNT suspension. After, a layer of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was grown on the surface of PU fibers decorated with MWCNTs to enhance the conductive conjunctions of MWCNTs. Due to the superior electromechanical behaviors and mechanical reinforcement of PEDOT, the PEDOT/MWCNT@PU mat-based device exhibits a wide working range (0–70 kPa), high sensitivity (1.6 kPa−1), and good mechanical robustness (over 18,000 cycles). The PEDOT/MWCNT@PU mat-based sensor also demonstrates a good linear response to different temperature variations because of the thermoelectricity of the PEDOT/MWCNT composite. This novel strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional fibrous mats provides a promising opportunity for future applications for high-performance wearable devices.
The lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 inhibitor Darapladib sensitises cancer cells to ferroptosis by remodelling lipid metabolism
Authors: Oh Mihee , Jang Seo Young , Lee Ji-Yoon , Kim Jong Woo , Jung Youngae , Kim Jiwoo , Seo Jinho , Han Tae-Su , Jang Eunji , Son Hye Young , Kim Dain , Kim Min Wook , Park Jin-Sung , Song Kwon-Ho , Oh Kyoung-Jin , Kim Won Kon , Bae Kwang-Hee , Huh Yong-Min , Kim Soon Ha , Kim Doyoun , Han Baek-Soo , Lee Sang Chul , Hwang Geum-Sook , Lee Eun-Woo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArachidonic and adrenic acids in the membrane play key roles in ferroptosis. Here, we reveal that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) controls intracellular phospholipid metabolism and contributes to ferroptosis resistance. A metabolic drug screen reveals that darapladib, an inhibitor of Lp-PLA2, synergistically induces ferroptosis in the presence of GPX4 inhibitors. We show that darapladib is able to enhance ferroptosis under lipoprotein-deficient or serum-free conditions. Furthermore, we find that Lp-PLA2 is located in the membrane and cytoplasm and suppresses ferroptosis, suggesting a critical role for intracellular Lp-PLA2. Lipidomic analyses show that darapladib treatment or deletion of PLA2G7, which encodes Lp-PLA2, generally enriches phosphatidylethanolamine species and reduces lysophosphatidylethanolamine species. Moreover, combination treatment of darapladib with the GPX4 inhibitor PACMA31 efficiently inhibits tumour growth in a xenograft model. Our study suggests that inhibition of Lp-PLA2 is a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance ferroptosis in cancer treatment.
Multiple-core-hole resonance spectroscopy with ultraintense X-ray pulses
Authors: Rörig Aljoscha , Son Sang-Kil , Mazza Tommaso , Schmidt Philipp , Baumann Thomas M. , Erk Benjamin , Ilchen Markus , Laksman Joakim , Music Valerija , Pathak Shashank , Rivas Daniel E. , Rolles Daniel , Serkez Svitozar , Usenko Sergey , Santra Robin , Meyer Michael , Boll Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the interaction of intense, femtosecond X-ray pulses with heavy atoms is crucial for gaining insights into the structure and dynamics of matter. One key aspect of nonlinear light–matter interaction was, so far, not studied systematically at free-electron lasers—its dependence on the photon energy. Here, we use resonant ion spectroscopy to map out the transient electronic structures occurring during the complex charge-up pathways of xenon. Massively hollow atoms featuring up to six simultaneous core holes determine the spectra at specific photon energies and charge states. We also illustrate how different X-ray pulse parameters, which are usually intertwined, can be partially disentangled. The extraction of resonance spectra is facilitated by the possibility of working with a constant number of photons per X-ray pulse at all photon energies and the fact that the ion yields become independent of the peak fluence beyond a saturation point. Our study lays the groundwork for spectroscopic investigations of transient atomic species in exotic, multiple-core-hole states that have not been explored previously.
Impacts of radiation exposure, hindlimb unloading, and recovery on murine skeletal muscle cell telomere length
Authors: Tichy Elisia D. , Lee Ji-Hyung , Li Grant , Estep Katrina N. , Brad Johnson F. , Mourkioti Foteini 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAstronauts are exposed to harsh conditions, including cosmic radiation and microgravity. Spaceflight elongates human telomeres in peripheral blood, which shorten upon return to Earth and approach baseline levels during postflight recovery. Astronauts also encounter muscle atrophy, losing up to 20% loss of muscle mass on spaceflights. Telomere length changes in muscle cells of astronauts remain unexplored. This study investigates telomere alterations in grounded mice experiencing radiation exposure and muscle atrophy, via a hindlimb unloading spaceflight mimicking model. We find telomere lengthening is present in muscle stem cells and in myofiber nuclei, but not in muscle-resident endothelial cells. We further assessed telomere length in the model following hindlimb unloading recovery. We find that telomere length failed to return to baseline values. Our results suggest a role for telomeres in muscle acclimatization, which is relevant for the well-being of astronauts in space, and upon their return to Earth.
Quantum optimization within lattice gauge theory model on a quantum simulator
Authors: Yan Zheng , Zhou Zheng , Zhou Yan-Hua , Wang Yan-Cheng , Qiu Xingze , Meng Zi Yang , Zhang Xue-Feng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSimulating lattice gauge theory (LGT) Hamiltonian and its nontrivial states by programmable quantum devices has attracted numerous attention in recent years. Rydberg atom arrays constitute one of the most rapidly developing arenas for quantum simulation and quantum computing. The $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$

Z

2

LGT and topological order has been realized in experiments while the U(1) LGT is being worked hard on the way. States of LGT have local constraints and are fragmented into several winding sectors with topological protection. It is therefore difficult to reach the ground state in target sector for experiments, and it is also an important task for quantum topological memory. Here, we propose a protocol of sweeping quantum annealing (SQA) for searching the ground state among topological sectors. With the quantum Monte Carlo method, we show that this SQA has linear time complexity of size with applications to the antiferromagnetic transverse field Ising model, which has emergent U(1) gauge fields. This SQA protocol can be realized easily on quantum simulation platforms such as Rydberg array and D-wave annealer. We expect this approach would provide an efficient recipe for resolving the topological hindrances in quantum optimization and the preparation of quantum topological state.
Characteristic modes of a slot antenna design based on defected ground structure for 5G applications
Authors: Gaber Maie A. , El-Aasser Mostafa , Yahia Ashraf , Gad Nasr 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study employs characteristic mode analysis to investigate a defected ground antenna for multiband applications. The antenna structure incorporates three U-shaped slots in the ground plane, forming a defected ground structure. The microstrip line is exclusively present on the front side plane. The antenna is printed on a substrate made of a ceramic-filled PTFE composite with a size of 20 mm × 21 mm × 0.76 mm and a dielectric constant of 3. The proposed antenna is analyzed using the characteristic mode analysis based on the method of moment and simulated by an electromagnetic simulator based on the finite element method. A multiband antenna is fabricated and tested to validate the proposed antenna performance. The simulation and measurement results reveal that the antenna exhibits good input impedance bandwidths of S11 ≤  − 10 dB that extend from 2 to 12 GHz with three bands around the operating frequencies (2.96, 6.06, and 8.03) GHz.
A standardized workflow for long-term longitudinal actigraphy data processing using one year of continuous actigraphy from the CAN-BIND Wellness Monitoring Study
Authors: Slyepchenko Anastasiya , Uher Rudolf , Ho Keith , Hassel Stefanie , Matthews Craig , Lukus Patricia K. , Daros Alexander R. , Minarik Anna , Placenza Franca , Li Qingqin S. , Rotzinger Susan , Parikh Sagar V. , Foster Jane A. , Turecki Gustavo , Müller Daniel J. , Taylor Valerie H. , Quilty Lena C. , Milev Roumen , Soares Claudio N. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Lam Raymond W. , Frey Benicio N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMonitoring sleep and activity through wearable devices such as wrist-worn actigraphs has the potential for long-term measurement in the individual’s own environment. Long periods of data collection require a complex approach, including standardized pre-processing and data trimming, and robust algorithms to address non-wear and missing data. In this study, we used a data-driven approach to quality control, pre-processing and analysis of longitudinal actigraphy data collected over the course of 1 year in a sample of 95 participants. We implemented a data processing pipeline using open-source packages for longitudinal data thereby providing a framework for treating missing data patterns, non-wear scoring, sleep/wake scoring, and conducted a sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the impact of non-wear and missing data on the relationship between sleep variables and depressive symptoms. Compliance with actigraph wear decreased over time, with missing data proportion increasing from a mean of 4.8% in the first week to 23.6% at the end of the 12 months of data collection. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the importance of defining a pre-processing threshold, as it substantially impacts the predictive value of variables on sleep-related outcomes. We developed a novel non-wear algorithm which outperformed several other algorithms and a capacitive wear sensor in quality control. These findings provide essential insight informing study design in digital health research.
Multi-directional neutron dark-field imaging with single absorption grating
Authors: Busi Matteo , Shen Jiazhou , Bacak Michael , Zdora Marie Christine , Čapek Jan , Valsecchi Jacopo , Strobl Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeutron dark-field imaging is a powerful technique for investigating the microstructural properties of materials through high-resolution full-field mapping of small-angle scattering. However, conventional neutron dark-field imaging utilizing Talbot–Lau interferometers is limited to probing only one scattering direction at a time. Here, we introduce a novel multi-directional neutron dark-field imaging approach that utilizes a single absorption grating with a two-dimensional pattern to simultaneously probe multiple scattering directions. The method is demonstrated to successfully resolve fiber orientations in a carbon compound material as well as the complex morphology of the transformed martensitic phase in additively manufactured stainless steel dogbone samples after mechanical deformation. The latter results reveal a preferential alignment of transformed domains parallel to the load direction, which is verified by EBSD. The measured real-space correlation functions are in good agreement with those extracted from the EBSD map. Our results demonstrate that multi-directional neutron dark-field imaging is overcoming significant limitations of conventional neutron dark-field imaging in assessing complex heterogeneous anisotropic microstructures and providing quantitative structural information on multiple length scales.
The effect of in-office bleaching agents on the Vickers hardness and surface topography of polished and unpolished CAD/CAM composite materials
Authors: Alamoush Rasha A. , Yang Jiawei , Alhotan Abdulaziz , Haider Julfikar , Matinlinna Jukka P. , Elraggal Alaaeldin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn-office bleaching, using hydrogen peroxide, is effective to remove dental enamel stains. However, bleaching agents can deteriorate surface properties of CAD-CAM materials. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of in-office bleaching agents on Vickers hardness and surface topography of polished and unpolished dental CAD-CAM composite materials (Grandio blocs, Lava Ultimate, BRILLIANT Crios, Cerasmart), and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network block (Vita Enamic). The specimens were randomly divided into two groups: unpolished or polished. The micro-hardness and surface topography of each group were measured before bleaching, after a 60 min bleaching period, and 24-h and one-month post-bleaching. In-office bleaching significantly influenced the Vickers hardness of both the polished and unpolished CAD/CAM composite blocks, with Vita Enamic exhibiting the least hardness stability among all groups. Furthermore, in-office bleaching significantly influenced the surface roughness of unpolished CAD/CAM composite blocks. There was a significant difference in hardness reduction between the polished and unpolished specimens for most of the investigated materials at different time points. The bleaching did not influence the surface roughness of the investigated polished group, except for Vita Enamic and Lava Ultimate. However, it did influence the surface roughness of the investigated materials in the unpolished group.
Continual learning approaches for single cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Saygili Gorkem , OzgodeYigin Busra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing data is among the most interesting and impactful data of today and the sizes of the available datasets are increasing drastically. There is a substantial need for learning from large datasets, causing nontrivial challenges, especially in hardware. Loading even a single dataset into the memory of an ordinary, off-the-shelf computer can be infeasible, and using computing servers might not always be an option. This paper presents continual learning as a solution to such hardware bottlenecks. The findings of cell-type classification demonstrate that XGBoost and Catboost algorithms, when implemented in a continual learning framework, exhibit superior performance compared to the best-performing static classifier. We achieved up to 10% higher median F1 scores than the state-of-the-art on the most challenging datasets. On the other hand, these algorithms can suffer from variations in data characteristics across diverse datasets, pointing out indications of the catastrophic forgetting problem.