bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Thermal Treatment on Crystallization and Course of Martensitic Transformation in Ni25Ti50Cu25 Alloys Produced via High-Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Goryczka Tomasz , Dercz Grzegorz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe alloy with the chemical composition of Ni25Ti50Cu25 and a weight of 20 g was produced via high-energy ball milling that lasted 100 h, 120 h, and 140 h. After grinding, the powders consisted of an amorphous-nanocrystalline mixture formed from solid solutions based on alloying elements and a phase being a precursor of the intermetallic ß phase. This phase undergoes the reversible martensitic transformation in NiTiCu alloys. Crystallization occurred in several stages, ranging from 361 to 556 °C. Using short-term annealing followed by the X-ray quantitative analysis, the crystallized phases sequence and their weight percentages were determined after each stage. Annealing of the crystallized alloy lasted from 5 min to 20 h in the temperature ranges from 700 to 1000 °C, which revealed the quantitative evolution of the equilibrium phases and the martensitic transformation evolution. Moreover, following thermal treatment steps, the transformation changed from the B2 ↔ B19′ to the B2 ↔ B19, as expected for the Ni25Ti50Cu25 alloy.
Pseudonymität in Zeiten der Super Personae am Beispiel von Bushido
Authors: Wolbring Fabian , Möller Raja 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie fortschreitend evolvierende Medienvielfalt ermöglicht die Genese sogenannter Super Personae, deren zunehmende und mäandernde Omnipräsenz Realpersonen zu dominieren droht. Lebensweltliche, artifizielle und virtuelle Identitäten präsentieren sich selbst gegenüber der Justiz als undifferenzierbare Entitäten und stellen somit die Rechtsprechung und Literaturwissenschaft vor neue Herausforderungen, was am Beispiel der Super Persona Bushido aufgezeigt wird.
Anomaly detection in the probability simplex under different geometries
Authors: Legaria Uriel , Mota Sergio , Martinez Sergio , Cobá Alfredo , Chable Argenis , Neme Antonio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn open problem in data science is that of anomaly detection. Anomalies are instances that do not maintain a certain property that is present in the remaining observations in a dataset. Several anomaly detection algorithms exist, since the process itself is ill-posed mainly because the criteria that separates common or expected vectors from anomalies are not unique. In the most extreme case, data is not labelled and the algorithm has to identify the vectors that are anomalous, or assign a degree of anomaly to each vector. The majority of anomaly detection algorithms do not make any assumptions about the properties of the feature space in which observations are embedded, which may affect the results when those spaces present certain properties. For instance, compositional data such as normalized histograms, that can be embedded in a probability simplex, constitute a particularly relevant case. In this contribution, we address the problem of detecting anomalies in the probability simplex, relying on concepts from Information Geometry, mainly by focusing our efforts in the distance functions commonly applied in that context. We report the results of a series of experiments and conclude that when a specific distance-based anomaly detection algorithm relies on Information Geometry-related distance functions instead of the Euclidean distance, the performance is significantly improved.
Warriors and Vigilantes as Police Officers: Evidence from a Field Experiment with Body Cameras in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Magaloni Beatriz , Melo Vanessa , Robles Gustavo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Research Question
Can requiring police to wear body-worn cameras (BWC) on duty restrain police misconduct in contexts such as a favela in Rio de Janeiro, where police use militaristic and highly aggressive tactics?

Data
We collected quantitative and qualitative data on a wide range of behaviors, including police wearing BWC, turning on the BWC for recording citizen contacts, use of force by and against police officers, stop and search, responding to citizen requests for police assistance, and police supervisors wearing BWC. A total of 857 different police officers were tracked during the 1-year study, with a mean of 470 officers each month participating in the test of BWC across 52,000 officer shifts.

Methods
BWC status was randomly assigned by shifts to all officers in the shift, within five different kinds of police units. Analyses focused on intent-to-treat effects, with high compliance of wearing BWC but less than half of measured encounters recorded. Regression analyses provided estimates of different effects for officers who had previously been injured or had injured civilians.

Findings
Camera assignment, regardless of whether police turned cameras on, reduced stop-and-searches and other forms of potentially aggressive interactions with civilians. Cameras also produced a strong de-policing effect: police wearing cameras were significantly less likely to engage in any activity, including responding to calls and dispatch and street requests for help. These changes in police behavior occurred even when in 50% of the registered interactions with civilians, officers disobeyed the protocol that required them to turn their cameras on. Yet when officers’ supervisors wore cameras, policing activities and camera usage increased. Police surveys, interviews, and focus groups strengthen the findings.

Conclusion
The potential of BWC to reduce police abuse finds limitations where an organizational culture that perpetuates a lack of compliance with internal protocols and violence persists.
Empirics of convergence in industrialisation and their determinants: global evidence
Authors: Saba Charles Shaaba , Ngepah Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examines the convergence club in industrialisation by using an algorithm developed by Phillips and Sul. We used 183 countries for the period between 2000 and 2018. We also investigated the dynamics of the determinants possibly driving the convergence/divergence clubs of the countries. The convergence algorithm results reveal that there is divergence in industrialisation for the overall sample, which implies that less industrialised economies are not catching up with the industrialised economies within the sample period. The club merging algorithm results identified six final clubs of which economic, demographic, governance and geographic variables play a significant role in the likelihood of a country belonging to a particular final club. This study found that globally, the process of convergence in the industrialisation process is yet to echo desirable emanations of industrial/manufacturing policies sharing similar features, but the narrative seems to be different when the algorithm forms clubs.
Z-Delphi: A Z-Number-Based Delphi Technique for Technological Forecasting to Reduce Optimism/Pessimism Bias in Experts’ Convergent Opinions
Authors: Anjaria Kushal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Delphi technique is an indispensable instrument for technology forecasting. The method is, however, limited by ambiguity aversion, uncertainty, and statistical optimism/pessimism bias. To address the aforementioned limitations, we have proposed a fuzzy Delphi technique based on Z-numbers in this paper, as Z-numbers offer an effective framework to simulate human thinking. We generated basic probability assignments (BPAs) from the experts’ responses, considered statistical dispersion using Grey Clustering, and then developed Z-numbers. The proposed method is flexible and can be applied to forecast technological aspects based on subjective judgments. We consulted with 11 experts to forecast water-saving technology for dairy plants. Entropy was used to compare the proposed method to other fuzzy Delphi approaches. Compared to other fuzzy Delphi methods, we discovered that the proposed approach registers the lowest uncertainty. The proposed study suggests that fuzzy Delphi with reduced uncertainty can be highly impactful in critical fields like sustainable production. In the end, we have discussed the future research directions of the proposed study.
The Quotidian Politics of a Love Story: Researching, Assembling, and Mobilizing the Lunda Legend in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Gordon David M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe love story between Chibinda Ilunga and Lueji, one of the best-known legends of Central African history, recounts the genesis of the Mwant Yav dynasty of the Lunda polity. Previous discussions of the narrative pitted symbolic interpretations against historical findings. This article asks why the Lunda love story became so influential from the middle of the nineteenth century. Instead of being an exclusively Lunda genesis narrative, the love story represented the interests and narratives of societies brought together by the caravan trade in Kasai and eastern Angola, including Chokwe, Ambakista, Luba, and Imbangala, all of whom added components to the legend compiled by Portuguese explorer and diplomat Henrique Dias de Carvalho. The legend took on importance as diverse factions competed for political titles and trading profits. In the hands of Carvalho and his informants the love story became a tool to construct a Pax Lunda guaranteed by the Portuguese. By demonstrating the quotidian politics of the love story, the article suggests the utility in the historical contextualization of the telling of oral traditions to appreciate their multiple meanings.
The features and geometry of tone in Laal
Authors: Lionnet Florian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFeatures are standard in segmental analysis but have been less successfully applied to tone. Subtonal features have even been argued to be less satisfactory for the representation of African tone than tonal primitives such as H, M, L (Hyman 2010; Clements et al.2010). I argue that the two-feature system of Yip (1980) and Pulleyblank (1986) offers a straightforward account of the tonology of Laal, an endangered, three-tone isolate of southern Chad – in particular properties of the Mid tone that are otherwise difficult to account for, namely the avoidance of complex patterns involving M, and a pervasive M-to-L lowering process, both straightforwardly analysed as subtonal assimilation. Other tonal operations in Laal are shown to involve full-tone behaviour, justifying a tone geometry à la Snider (1999, 2020) where subtonal features are linked to a Tonal Root Node, giving tones the ability to be either fully or partially active, just like segments.
The Effects of Geomagnetic Activities on Acceleration Regions of Radiation Belt Electrons
Authors: Tang Chao Ling , Su Zheng Peng , Ni Bin Bin , Zhang Ji Chun , Chen Jing Run , Wang Xu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSolar wind and magnetospheric processes play important roles in relativistic electron acceleration in the Earth's outer radiation belt. However, how geomagnetic activity affects the acceleration region of relativistic electrons is still not clear. Here we first report the local acceleration regions during the strong storm of 1 June 2013. The first local acceleration region occurs at the lower L shell (L* ∼ 4.0) during the early recovery phase, which is associated with non‐continuous substorm activities. The second local acceleration region occurs at the higher L shell (L* ∼ 5.0) during the late recovery phase, which is associated with continuous substorm activities. To provide a more comprehensive picture, we additionally analyze two storm events with different geomagnetic activities. These events suggest that (a) the strong storm makes it possible for the local acceleration regions to occur at different L shells; (b) the timing, intensity, and duration of substorms during the recovery phase are crucial to the location and dynamics of the local acceleration region. These results can help us further understand the dynamics of relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt.
Interhemispheric Coupling Study by Observations and Modelling (ICSOM): Concept, Campaigns, and Initial Results
Authors: Sato Kaoru , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Kohma Masashi , Yasui Ryosuke , Koshin Dai , Okui Haruka , Watanabe Shingo , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Tsutsumi Masaki , Murphy Damian , Meek Chris , Tian Yufang , Ern Manfred , Baumgarten Gerd , Chau Jorge L. , Chu Xinzhao , Collins Richard , Espy Patrick J. , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Kavanagh Andrew J. , Latteck Ralph , Lübken Franz‐Josef , Milla Marco , Nozawa Satonori , Ogawa Yasunobu , Shiokawa Kazuo , Alexander M. Joan , Nakamura Takuji , Ward William E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn international joint research project, entitled Interhemispheric Coupling Study by Observations and Modelling (ICSOM), is ongoing. In the late 2000s, an interesting form of interhemispheric coupling (IHC) was discovered: when warming occurs in the winter polar stratosphere, the upper mesosphere in the summer hemisphere also becomes warmer with a time lag of days. This IHC phenomenon is considered to be a coupling through processes in the middle atmosphere (i.e., stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere). Several plausible mechanisms have been proposed so far, but they are still controversial. This is mainly because of the difficulty in observing and simulating gravity waves (GWs) at small scales, despite the important role they are known to play in middle atmosphere dynamics. In this project, by networking sparsely but globally distributed radars, mesospheric GWs have been simultaneously observed in seven boreal winters since 2015/16. We have succeeded in capturing five stratospheric sudden warming events and two polar vortex intensification events. This project also includes the development of a new data assimilation system to generate long‐term reanalysis data for the whole middle atmosphere, and simulations by a state‐of‐the‐art GW‐permitting general circulation model using the reanalysis data as initial values. By analyzing data from these observations, data assimilation, and model simulation, comprehensive studies to investigate the mechanism of IHC are planned. This paper provides an overview of ICSOM, but even initial results suggest that not only GWs but also large‐scale waves are important for the mechanism of the IHC.
Biomarker and genomic analyses reveal molecular signatures of non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke
Authors: Ding Lingling , Liu Yu , Meng Xia , Jiang Yong , Lin Jinxi , Cheng Si , Xu Zhe , Zhao Xingquan , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun , Li Zixiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS), which constitutes the majority of AIS cases, is highly heterogeneous, thus requiring precision medicine treatments. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying NCIS heterogeneity. We integrated data from the Third China National Stroke Registry, including clinical phenotypes, biomarkers, and whole-genome sequencing data for 7695 patients with NCIS. We identified 30 molecular clusters based on 63 biomarkers and explored the comprehensive landscape of biological heterogeneity and subpopulations in NCIS. Dimensionality reduction revealed fine-scale subpopulation structures associated with specific biomarkers. The subpopulations with biomarkers for inflammation, abnormal liver and kidney function, homocysteine metabolism, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota metabolism were associated with a high risk of unfavorable clinical outcomes, including stroke recurrence, disability, and mortality. Several genes encoding potential drug targets were identified as putative causal genes that drive the clusters, such as CDK10, ERCC3, and CHEK2. We comprehensively characterized the genetic architecture of these subpopulations, identified their molecular signatures, and revealed the potential of the polybiomarkers and polygenic prediction for assessing clinical outcomes. Our study demonstrates the power of large-scale molecular biomarkers and genomics to understand the underlying biological mechanisms of and advance precision medicine for NCIS.
Reduced trace gas oxidizers as a response to organic carbon availability linked to oligotrophs in desert fertile islands
Authors: Li Shuyue , Yang Shanshan , Wei Xiaomeng , Jiao Shuo , Luo Wen , Chen Weimin , Wei Gehong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric trace gases, such as H2 and CO, are important energy sources for microbial growth and maintenance in various ecosystems, especially in arid deserts with little organic substrate. Nonetheless, the impact of soil organic C availability on microbial trace gas oxidation and the underlying mechanisms are unclear at the community level. This study investigated the energy and life-history strategies of soil microbiomes along an organic C gradient inside and out of Hedysarum scoparium islands dispersed in the Mu Us Desert, China. Metagenomic analysis showed that with increasing organic C availability from bare areas into “fertile islands”, the abundance of trace gas oxidizers (TGOs) decreased, but that of trace gas nonoxidizers (TGNOs) increased. The variation in their abundance was more related to labile/soluble organic C levels than to stable/insoluble organic C levels. The consumption rates of H2 and CO confirmed that organic C addition, especially soluble organic C addition, inhibited microbial trace gas oxidation. Moreover, microorganisms with distinct energy-acquiring strategies showed different life-history traits. The TGOs had lower 16 S rRNA operon copy numbers, lower predicted maximum growth rates and higher proportions of labile C degradation genes, implying the prevalence of oligotrophs. In contrast, copiotrophs were prevalent in the TGNOs. These results revealed a mechanism for the microbial community to adapt to the highly heterogeneous distribution of C resources by adjusting the abundances of taxa with distinct energy and life-history strategies, which would further affect trace gas consumption and C turnover in desert ecosystems.
An updated floristic map of the world
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Xu Xiaoting , Dimitrov Dimitar , Pellissier Loic , Borregaard Michael K. , Shrestha Nawal , Su Xiangyan , Luo Ao , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Rahbek Carsten , Wang Zhiheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFloristic regions reflect the geographic organization of floras and provide essential tools for biological studies. Previous global floristic regions are generally based on floristic endemism, lacking a phylogenetic consideration that captures floristic evolution. Moreover, the contribution of tectonic dynamics and historical and current climate to the division of floristic regions remains unknown. Here, by integrating global distributions and a phylogeny of 12,664 angiosperm genera, we update global floristic regions and explore their temporal changes. Eight floristic realms and 16 nested sub-realms are identified. The previously-defined Holarctic, Neotropical and Australian realms are recognized, but Paleotropical, Antarctic and Cape realms are not. Most realms have formed since Paleogene. Geographic isolation induced by plate tectonics dominates the formation of floristic realms, while current/historical climate has little contribution. Our study demonstrates the necessity of integrating distributions and phylogenies in regionalizing floristic realms and the interplay of macroevolutionary and paleogeographic processes in shaping regional floras.
The breakdown of both strange metal and superconducting states at a pressure-induced quantum critical point in iron-pnictide superconductors
Authors: Cai Shu , Zhao Jinyu , Ni Ni , Guo Jing , Yang Run , Wang Pengyu , Han Jinyu , Long Sijin , Zhou Yazhou , Wu Qi , Qiu Xianggang , Xiang Tao , Cava Robert J. , Sun Liling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere we report the first observation of the concurrent breakdown of the strange metal (SM) normal state and superconductivity at a pressure-induced quantum critical point in Ca10(Pt4As8)((Fe0.97Pt0.03)2As2)5 superconductor. We find that, upon suppressing the superconducting state, the power exponent (α) changes from 1 to 2, and the slope of the temperature-linear resistivity per FeAs layer (A□) gradually diminishes. At a critical pressure, A□ and superconducting transition temperature (Tc) go to zero concurrently, where a quantum phase transition from a superconducting state with a SM normal state to a non-superconducting Fermi liquid state occurs. Scaling analysis reveals that the change of A□ with Tc obeys the relation of Tc ~ (A□)0.5, similar to what is seen in other chemically doped unconventional superconductors. These results suggest that there is a simple but powerful organizational principle of connecting the SM normal state with the high-Tc superconductivity.
Layered metals as polarized transparent conductors
Authors: Putzke Carsten , Guo Chunyu , Plisson Vincent , Kroner Martin , Chervy Thibault , Simoni Matteo , Wevers Pim , Bachmann Maja D. , Cooper John R. , Carrington Antony , Kikugawa Naoki , Fowlie Jennifer , Gariglio Stefano , Mackenzie Andrew P. , Burch Kenneth S. , Îmamoğlu Ataç , Moll Philip J. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe quest to improve transparent conductors balances two key goals: increasing electrical conductivity and increasing optical transparency. To improve both simultaneously is hindered by the physical limitation that good metals with high electrical conductivity have large carrier densities that push the plasma edge into the ultra-violet range. Technological solutions reflect this trade-off, achieving the desired transparencies only by reducing the conductor thickness or carrier density at the expense of a lower conductance. Here we demonstrate that highly anisotropic crystalline conductors offer an alternative solution, avoiding this compromise by separating the directions of conduction and transmission. We demonstrate that slabs of the layered oxides Sr2RuO4 and Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ are optically transparent even at macroscopic thicknesses >2 μm for c-axis polarized light. Underlying this observation is the fabrication of out-of-plane slabs by focused ion beam milling. This work provides a glimpse into future technologies, such as highly polarized and addressable optical screens.
Hybrid achromatic microlenses with high numerical apertures and focusing efficiencies across the visible
Authors: Richards Corey A. , Ocier Christian R. , Xie Dajie , Gao Haibo , Robertson Taylor , Goddard Lynford L. , Christiansen Rasmus E. , Cahill David G. , Braun Paul V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCompact visible wavelength achromats are essential for miniaturized and lightweight optics. However, fabrication of such achromats has proved to be exceptionally challenging. Here, using subsurface 3D printing inside mesoporous hosts we densely integrate aligned refractive and diffractive elements, forming thin high performance hybrid achromatic imaging micro-optics. Focusing efficiencies of 51–70% are achieved for 15μm thick, 90μm diameter, 0.3 numerical aperture microlenses. Chromatic focal length errors of less than 3% allow these microlenses to form high-quality images under broadband illumination (400–700 nm). Numerical apertures upwards of 0.47 are also achieved at the cost of some focusing efficiency, demonstrating the flexibility of this approach. Furthermore, larger area images are reconstructed from an array of hybrid achromatic microlenses, laying the groundwork for achromatic light-field imagers and displays. The presented approach precisely combines optical components within 3D space to achieve thin lens systems with high focusing efficiencies, high numerical apertures, and low chromatic focusing errors, providing a pathway towards achromatic micro-optical systems.