bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate coupling of a hydrologic model with an economic input–output model using system dynamics
Authors: Abdolabadi Hamid , Amaya Maria , Little John C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper illustrates the intimate coupling of a hydrologic model with an economic input–output model. A realistic watershed and a simple hypothetical economy are used to illustrate the trade-off between water use and water availability. This approach provides two key benefits for water management. First, it directly links the supply side (the hydrologic model is used to estimate water availability) to the demand side (the economic model is used to estimate water use by sector) using a common framework that accounts for the interdependence of the two models. This link allows us to analyze water allocation and calculate the intensity of water scarcity. Second, it enables us to consider the effect of spatial distribution of economic activity on the hydrologic model and prevents either under or over estimating water scarcity. Without this spatial disaggregation, a shortfall in one sub-watershed may be offset by an abundance in another sub-watershed. The framework is sufficiently flexible to assess more complex situations, including varied spatial disaggregation and feedbacks. The coupled model is much faster and can be applied to watersheds with different characteristics. We use system dynamics to develop the integrated hydrologic-economic modelling framework and analyze three scenarios: a baseline situation, a spatially-resolved coupled model, and a temporally-resolved coupled model. The paper concludes with recommendations for implementation and future research.
Production of cost-effective activated carbon from tea waste for tannery waste water treatment
Authors: Hossain M. N. , Islam Md. Didarul , Rahaman Ashiqur , Khatun Nazma , Matin M. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to develop a cost-effective activated carbon (AC) from local tea waste. AC was synthesized via a pyrolysis process and used it to treat tannery waste-water. A methylene blue adsorption test was then conducted to determine the highest adsorption capability of synthesized AC. The crystal structure and microstructure of AC were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An average crystallite size of 15 nm was measured from XRD while sub-nano meter scale particle size was confirmed from SEM images. Produced AC was then used for the treatment of industrial waste-water that results in a reduction of about 89–97% chromium from water. In addition, other physical parameters (Biochemical oxygen demandchemical oxygen demand turbidity, conductivity, Cr content) were also significantly reduced from the waste-water. These results suggest the use of AC for the treatment of industrial as well as domestic waste-water.
The influence of torrefaction on the biochar characteristics produced from sesame stalks and bean husk
Authors: Khairy M. , Amer M. , Ibrahim M. , Ookawara S. , Sekiguchi H. , Elwardany A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTorrefaction encourages homogeneity and enhances the energy-producing capabilities of biomass. In the current study, bean husk (BH) and sesame stalks (SS) were torrefied for 30 and 60 min at operating temperatures of 200, 225, 250 and 275, and 300 °C with nitrogen purging. Mass yield (MY), higher heating value (HHV), energy yields (EY), and torrefaction severity index (TSI) were examined. The variations of the biochar characteristics, pyrolysis kinetics by applying two models (Coats and Redfern (CR) and Direct Arrhenius (DA)), and crystallinity index (CRI) were depicted. Depending on pyrolysis kinetics, thermodynamic activation parameters were derived to elucidate biomass pyrolysis. The alterations in the torrefied materials’ composition were also analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The calculations revealed that the torrefied SS and BH decreased MY by 32.74, 29.02% and decreased EY 26, 20.97%, increased high heating values by 14.1, 13.52%, increased fixed carbon by 55.1, 39.91% respectively, and had a slight reduction in bulk density (approximately 2%). Generally, 275 °C and 30 min were the optimal conditions for a balanced torrefaction of SS and BH based on the HHV that reached to 20.5, 16.2 MJ/kg and EY that reached to 86.16 and 85.56% respectively. The FTIR, XRD, and the thermogravimetric results showed that the torrefaction treatment altered samples owing to carbohydrate breakdown, a rise in lignin, and a reduction in hemicellulose as the temperature of the torrefaction process increased. The CR methodology yielded greater frequency factor (A) and activation energy (Ea) values than the DA method. The broadest peak width, lowest average Ea, and lnA were seen in sesame stalks that had been torrefied at 300 °C and 30 min that reached to 107.85 (kJ/mol) and 13.57 (min−1). Results indicated an excellent linear relationship with the index of comprehensive pyrolysis (CPI), CRI, atomic H/C ratio, severity index, and EY.
CubeSat attitude determination with decomposed Kalman filters
Authors: Patrik Reizinger , Ferenc Vajda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCubeSats are the cost-effective entry to space research and applications. As mission requirements increase to carry out more complex tasks, the constraints on the satellite challenge how attitude estimation and control systems are designed. Limited energy, sensors, and computational capacity require compromises. In this paper, we propose a Kalman filter architecture to reduce the computational cost of attitude estimation, leveraging the conditional independence structure of its physical model. Our method decomposes attitude dynamics and kinematics, leading to a linear attitude quaternion and a nonlinear angular velocity filter. As accommodating all vector measurements would require a nonlinear filter, we propose the virtual sensor paradigm that transforms the nonlinear observation model into a linear one, without relying on approximations. Our numerical experiments showcase superior error dynamics and robustness to epistemic uncertainty compared to a nonlinear quaternionic filter, and we also investigate performance against star tracker measurement frequency and sensitivity to the angle between Sun and Earth magnetic field measurements.
Effects of post-printing heat treatment on microstructure, corrosion and wet wear behavior of CoCrW alloy produced by L-PBF process
Authors: Lanzutti A. , Andreatta F. , Vaglio E. , Sortino M. , Totis G. , Fedrizzi L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoCr alloys are widely used as human implants because of both their superior corrosion resistance and superior mechanical properties (fatigue, wear resistance, etc.) respect to other metal alloys used in biomedical field. In particular, CoCrW alloys are used mainly to produce dental implants. In this study, the effects of thermal treatment on the corrosion resistance and wet wear resistance of CoCrW alloys produced via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) were investigated, and the corrosion resistance and wet wear resistance of the L-PBF specimens were compared with those of the specimens obtained after forging. The heat treatment involved the solubilization of the alloy at 1150 °C in an Ar-saturated atmosphere, followed by furnace cooling. A detailed microstructural characterization of the L-PBF specimens was carried out using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope in both the horizontal and vertical growth directions. Scanning Kelvin probe measurements were performed on the heat-treated specimens obtained by three-dimensional printing and forging. The void contents of the specimens were evaluated using the Archimedes’ method and image analysis. Vickers (HV2) hardness measurements were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the specimens. The corrosion properties of the specimens were evaluated by carrying out potentiodynamic tests in two different corrosive media (aqueous solution (9 g/L NaCl) at pH = 2 and 7). The corroded areas of the specimens were then examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, tribological tests were performed using the pin (Ti counter material)-on-flat configuration under dry and wet conditions, using the same corrosive environments as those used in the potentiodynamic tests and two different stroke lengths. The worn samples were characterized using SEM to investigate their wear mechanisms, and a stylus profilometer was used to determine the wear rates of the materials. The experimental results showed that the additively manufactured CoCrW L-PBF alloy had higher corrosion resistance than the wrought material. In addition, the additively manufactured material showed better dry and wet wear performances than the wrought material. Nevertheless, the heat treatment did not affect the properties evaluated in this study.
Measurement and Processing of Road Irregularity for Surface Generation and Tyre Dynamics Simulation in NVH Context
Authors: Rapino Luca , La Paglia Ivano , Ripamonti Francesco , Corradi Roberto , Di Lione Riccardo , Baro Simone 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNowadays, finite element tyre models are often used to perform vehicle NVH (noise, vibration, harshness) simulations. To account for the specific operating conditions, a road surface must be properly included in the model. This paper deals with a methodology to experimentally evaluate and process road irregularity measurements, so as to generate a road surface input. These surfaces are used to simulate the tyre/road interaction at the footprint, which is modelled as a contact surface in finite element tyre models. For this reason, a linear profile of the road surface is not suitable for these simulations and the whole surface must be considered. Starting from the measurements taken through a test equipment specifically designed to carry laser sensors and scan road profiles, the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of a specific track is estimated and then interpolated considering piecewise functions. Finally, a model to generate a road surface starting from the measured PSD is developed, discussed and validated.
Molecular regulation of tomato male reproductive development
Authors: Yang Dandan , Wang Zhao , Huang Xiaozhen , Xu Cao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reproductive success of flowering plants, which directly affects crop yield, is sensitive to environmental changes. A thorough understanding of how crop reproductive development adapts to climate changes is vital for ensuring global food security. In addition to being a high-value vegetable crop, tomato is also a model plant used for research on plant reproductive development. Tomato crops are cultivated under highly diverse climatic conditions worldwide. Targeted crosses of hybrid varieties have resulted in increased yields and abiotic stress resistance; however, tomato reproduction, especially male reproductive development, is sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can lead to aborted male gametophytes, with detrimental effects on fruit set. We herein review the cytological features as well as genetic and molecular pathways influencing tomato male reproductive organ development and responses to abiotic stress. We also compare the shared features among the associated regulatory mechanisms of tomato and other plants. Collectively, this review highlights the opportunities and challenges related to characterizing and exploiting genic male sterility in tomato hybrid breeding programs.
Aspen Plus simulation of Chemical Looping Combustion of syngas and methane in fluidized beds
Authors: Jasper Micah , Shahbazi Abolghasem , Schimmel Keith , Li Fanxing , Wang Lijun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a technology that efficiently combines power generation and CO2 capture. In CLC, the fuel is oxidized by a metal oxide called an oxygen carrier (OC). CLC uses two reactors: a fuel reactor and an air reactor. The fuel reactor oxidizes the fuel and reduces the OC. The air reactor oxidizes the OC using air and then the OC is cycled back to the fuel reactor. It is typical for both the fuel and the air reactors to be fluidized beds (FBs). In this research, an Aspen Plus model was developed to simulate a CLC system. Aspen Plus has recently included a built-in FB unit operation module. To our knowledge, no literature has been reported using this FB module for simulating fluidized bed combustion or gasification. This FB unit process was investigated in Aspen Plus and a kinetic based model was used and compared the simulation results to experimental data and the commonly used Gibbs equilibrium model. The FB unit and the kinetic model well fit the experimental data for syngas and methane combustion within 2% of the molar composition of syngas combustion and within 4% for the methane combustion. An advantage of this model over other kinetic models in literature is that the core shrinking model kinetic rate equations have been converted into a power law form. This allows Aspen Plus to use a calculator instead of an external Fortran compiler. This greatly simplifies the modeling process. The reaction rate equations are given for all reactions. A sensitivity analysis of the reaction kinetics was conducted. All data, code, and simulation files are given.
The Present Clinical Treatment and Future Emerging Interdisciplinary for Heart Failure: Where we are and What we can do
Authors: Yang Yu , Gao Jiamin , Qin Zhen , Lu Yongzheng , Xu Yanyan , Guo Jiacheng , Cui Xiaolin , Zhang Jinying , Tang Junnan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeart failure is a complex clinical syndrome caused by the progression to severe stages of various cardiac diseases, characterized by high morbidity and mortality. With the increasing aging of the population and the poor control of high-risk factors for heart failure such as hypertension and diabetes, the incidence of heart failure remains high. Therefore, there is widespread global attention regarding the various treatments for heart failure. Currently, pharmacological therapy, associated device therapy, interventional therapy, and end-stage surgical related therapy are the main clinical treatments for heart failure. Heart failure treatment is gradually evolving to be more precise, safe, and effective, as traditional therapies can no longer match clinical needs. A number of cutting-edge research studies are being conducted on the treatment of heart failure, based on the different pathogenesis and causes of heart failure, to treat patients with heart failure in a multifaceted and integrated way. This article summarizes the current clinical treatment of heart failure and the latest therapeutic advances in heart failure in current research to further promote the standardized management and treatment of heart failure and improve patient prognosis.
Parameter Dependencies of Early‐Stage Tangential Discontinuity‐Driven Foreshock Bubbles in Local Hybrid Simulations
Authors: Vu Andrew , Liu Terry Z. , Zhang Hui , Delamere Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractForeshock bubbles (FBs) are significant foreshock transients that can accelerate particles and disturb the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. In the kinetic formation model, foreshock ions interact with the discontinuity by performing partial gyrations to generate currents that change the magnetic field topology around the discontinuity. However, how different foreshock ion properties affect the growth of the field variations is not well understood. Therefore, we use 2‐D local hybrid simulations to study the effects of different foreshock ion distributions and properties on the growth of tangential discontinuity (TD)‐driven FBs. We discover that for a gyrophase‐bunched distribution with an initial phase where the guiding center is on the other side of the TD, the foreshock ions gyrate together across the TD, causing more foreshock ions to cross the TD and leading to a faster expansion of the structure than for a Maxwellian distribution. A ring distribution also yields higher expansion speeds because of the higher projected velocity into the new perpendicular direction. For Maxwellian distributions, there are positive and linear correlations of the FB expansion speeds with the initial foreshock ion densities, thermal speeds, parallel speeds, and sine of the TD magnetic shear angles. These parameter dependencies grow in strength as the structures evolve with time. The foreshock ion distributions and properties that lead to stronger currents produce more significant magnetic field variations and higher expansion speeds. Our study helps quantify the formation and expansion of FBs to forecast their space weather effects and contribution to shock acceleration.
A Microphysical Model of Rock Friction and the Brittle‐Ductile Transition Controlled by Dislocation Glide and Backstress Evolution
Authors: Thom Christopher A. , Hansen Lars N. , Goldsby David L. , Brodsky Emily E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRate‐ and state‐friction (RSF) is an empirical framework that describes the complex velocity‐, time‐, and slip‐dependent phenomena observed during frictional sliding of rocks and gouge in the laboratory. Despite its widespread use in earthquake nucleation and recurrence models, our understanding of RSF, particularly its time‐ and/or slip‐dependence, is still largely empirical, limiting our confidence in extrapolating laboratory behavior to the seismogenic zone. While many microphysical models have been proposed over the past few decades, none have explicitly incorporated the effects of strain hardening, anelasticity, or transient elastoplastic rheology. Here we present a new model of rock friction that incorporates these phenomena directly from the microphysical behavior of lattice dislocations. This model of rock friction exhibits the same logarithmic dependence on sliding velocity (strain rate) as RSF and displays a dependence on the internal backstress caused by long‐range interactions among geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). Changes in the backstress (internal stress) evolve exponentially with plastic strain of asperities and are dependent on both the current backstress and previous deformation, which give rise to phenomena consistent with interpretations of the “critical slip distance,” “memory effect,” and “evolution effect” of RSF. The rate dependence of friction in this model is primarily controlled by the evolution of backstress and temperature. We provide several analytical predictions for RSF‐like behavior and the “brittle‐ductile” transition based on microphysical mechanisms and measurable parameters such as the GND density and strain‐dependent hardening modulus.
The Interaction Between Frictional Slip and Viscous Fault Root Produces Slow Slip Events
Authors: Perfettini Hugo , Molinari Alain 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe consider a model where an unstable frictional region, governed by rate and state friction, interacts with a viscous zone with Newtonian rheology. The system is loaded at distance with a constant velocity. Pore pressure variations are considered and we show that the model of Segall and Rice (1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/95jb02403) relating porosity changes to variations of the state variable could be derived considering viscoplastic deformation of a population of identical asperities. We perform a linear stability analysis in the case of a constant pore pressure in agreement with the full numerical results. For a given value of the viscosity of the viscous region, stable slip is promoted at low normal stress and unstable slip at high normal stress. Near the transition from stable to unstable slip, modest acceleration of slip, resembling slow slip events (SSE) are observed. We show that our model can reproduce real SSE sequences in the Guerrero subduction zone which are the largest worldwide. The best fit parameters suggest that SSEs happen in areas of low effective normal stress (for the frictional region) and low viscosity (for the viscous region). In our model, SSEs happen in a regime where the viscous region is able to counteract the instability of the frictional one. We show that considering a rate strengthening rheology or a non newtonian one leads to the same linear stability results. Our work shows that a simple model with homogeneous spatial properties can lead to complex dynamics, covering a wide range of observed sliding modes, from steady‐state creep to seismic slip and SSEs.
Machine Learning Reveals Additional Hydraulic Fracture‐Induced Seismicity in the Eagle Ford Shale
Authors: Fasola Shannon L. , Brudzinski Michael R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA recent study found ∼90% of earthquakes in the Eagle Ford shale in Texas from 2014 to 2018 were spatiotemporally related to hydraulic fracturing (HF) wells. Since then, earthquakes have remained prevalent, including a new region of seismicity in Live Oak county. We sought to perform a deeper exploration of how HF has contributed to recent seismicity using template matching and repeating signal detection (RSD), which employs machine learning to search for repeating earthquakes with the potential to find something different than the template catalog. RSD identified new bursts of seismicity with a shorter S‐P time (∼2 s) than the previous catalog (>4 s), which temporally correlated with HF near station N4 735B. The short S‐P events have smaller magnitudes (ML < 2.0), consistent with the idea that HF‐induced seismicity in the Eagle Ford is likely more pervasive than previously reported, but detection is limited by the density of stations. RSD and template matching identified 1,600 earthquakes correlated with HF from 2019 to February 2020. We confirmed newly detected HF‐induced seismicity in Live Oak county did not occur until January 2019. Despite similar cumulative volume prior to and after 2019, the onset of detectable seismicity did not occur until HF injection exceeded 2 million barrels per month over this area, supporting the notion that injection flux is a stronger influence on the seismicity occurrence than cumulative volume. When considering the full catalog, the likelihood of seismicity also correlated with proximity to mapped faults, with 13% of wells <2 km from faults having seismicity compared to only 3% of wells >2 km.