bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The excitatory transmission from basolateral nuclues of amygdala to nucleus accumbens shell regulates propofol self‐administration through AMPA receptors
Authors: Dong Zhanglei , Xiang Saiqiong , Pan Chi , Jiang Chenchen , Bao Suhao , Shangguan Wangning , Zeng Ruifeng , Li Jun , Lian Qingquan , Wu Binbin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPropofol addictive properties have been demonstrated in humans and rats. The glutamatergic transmission from basolateral nucleus of amygdala (BLA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) modulates reward‐seeking behaviour; especially, NAc shell (NAsh) is implicated in reward‐seeking response. Previous studies indicated the interactions between AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in NAc mediated drug addiction, but whether the circuit of BLA‐to‐NAsh and AMPARs regulate propofol addiction remains unclear. We trained adult male Sprague–Dawley rats for propofol self‐administration to examine the changes of action potentials (APs) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in the NAsh. Thereafter, optogenetic stimulation with adeno‐associated viral vectors microinjections in BLA was used to explore the effect of BLA‐to‐NAsh on propofol self‐administration behaviour (1.7 mg/kg/injection). The pretreatment effects with NBQX (0.25–1.0 μg/0.3 μl/site) or vehicle in the NAsh on propofol self‐administration behaviour, the expressions of AMPARs subunits and D1R/ERK/CREB signalling pathway in the NAc were detected. The results showed that the number of APs, amplitude and frequency of sEPSCs were enhanced in propofol self‐administrated rats. Propofol self‐administration was inhibited in the NpHR3.0‐EYFP group, but in the ChR2‐EYFP group, there was a promoting effect, which could be weakened by NBQX pretreatment. NBQX pretreatment also significantly decreased the expressions of GluA2 subunit and D1R in the NAc but did not change the expressions of GluA1 and ERK/CREB signalling pathway. The evidence supports a vital role of BLA‐to‐NAsh circuit in regulating propofol self‐administration and suggests this central reward processing may function through the interaction between AMPARs and D1R in the NAsh.
Ultrasound examination of the pelvic floor during active labor: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Eggebø Torbjørn M. , Benediktsdottir Sigurlaug , Hjartardottir Hulda , Salvesen Kjell Å. , Volløyhaug Ingrid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited evidence about changes in the pelvic floor during active labor. We aimed to investigate changes in hiatal dimensions during the active first stage of labor and associations with fetal descent and head position.Material and methodsWe conducted a longitudinal, prospective cohort study at the National University Hospital of Iceland, from 2016 to 2018. Nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labor, a single fetus in cephalic presentation, and gestational age ≥37 weeks were eligible. Fetal position was assessed with transabdominal ultrasound and fetal descent was measured with transperineal ultrasound. Three‐dimensional volumes were acquired from transperineal scanning at the start of the active phase of labor and in late first stage or early second stage. The largest transverse hiatal diameter was measured in the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions. The levator urethral gap was measured as the distance between the center of the urethra and the levator insertion using tomographic ultrasound imaging. Measurements of the levator urethral gap were made in the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions and 2.5 and 5 mm cranial to this.ResultsThe final study population comprised 78 women. The mean transverse hiatal diameter increased 12.4% between the two examinations, from 39.4 ± 4.1 mm (±standard deviation) at the first examination to 44.3 ± 5.8 mm at the last examination (p < 0.01). We found a moderate correlation between the transverse hiatal diameter and fetal station at the last examination (r = 0.44, r2 = 0.19; p < 0.01; regression equation y = 2.71 + 0.014x), and a weak correlation between the change in transverse hiatal diameter and change in fetal station (r = 0.29; r2 = 0.08; p = 0.01; regression equation y = 0.24 + 0.012x). Levator urethral gap increased significantly in all three planes on both the left and right sides. Head position was not associated with hiatal measurements after adjusting for fetal station.ConclusionsWe found a significant, but only modest, increase of the hiatal dimensions during the first stage of labor. The risk of levator ani trauma will therefore be low during this stage. The change in transverse hiatal diameter was associated with fetal descent but not with head position.
Intrarenal pressures during flexible ureteroscopy: an insight into safer endourology
Authors: Hong Anne , Browne Cliodhna , Jack Greg , Bolton Damien 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo assess intrarenal pressures (IRPs) and complication rates after flexible ureteroscopy (fURS), and to assess factors that contribute to raised IRPs and postoperative complications.Patients and MethodsAfter informed consent patients underwent fURS under general anaesthesia. The transducer of a 0.3556 mm (0.014″) pressure guidewire was placed in the renal pelvis for live recording of IRPs. The fURS procedures were performed in a routine manner under antibiotic cover with the aim of dusting the calculus to completion. The operating surgeon was blinded to the live‐recorded IRPs.ResultsA total of 40 fURS procedures were performed in 37 patients (26 male and 11 female). The mean age was 50.5 years. As a cohort, the mean of average IRPs was 34.8 mmHg and the mean of maximal IRPs was 128.8 mmHg. Pearson's correlation showed a significant inverse correlation between the mean IRP and age (r[38]: −0.391, P = 0.013). Three cases experienced postoperative deviations from uncomplicated recovery, with two being hypotensive and one case being both hypotensive and hypoxic. Three cases returned to the emergency department within 30 days of surgery, with two cases of flank pain and one case of urosepsis with positive urine cultures. The patient presenting with urosepsis had exhibited IRPs exceeding the mean.ConclusionThe IRPs changed significantly from normal baseline levels during routine fURS. The mean IRP during fURS correlates with patient age, but not with other factors. The IRP may be related to increased complication rates at fURS. Understanding factors that influence IRP will allow urologists to better manage this intraoperatively.
Putting Complement Clauses into Context: Testing the Effects of Story Context, False‐Belief Understanding, and Syntactic form on Children's and Adults’ Comprehension and Production of Complement Clauses
Authors: Brandt Silke , Hargreaves Stephanie , Theakston Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA key factor that affects whether and at what age children can demonstrate an understanding of false belief and complement‐clause constructions is the type of task used (whether it is implicit/indirect or explicit/direct). In the current study, we investigate, in an implicit/indirect way, whether children understand that a story character's belief can be true or false, and whether this understanding affects children's choice of linguistic structure to describe the character's belief or to explain the character's belief‐based action. We also measured children's understanding of false belief in explicit false‐belief tasks. English‐ and German‐speaking young 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds as well as English‐ and German‐speaking adult controls heard complement‐clause constructions in a story context where the belief mentioned in the complement clause (e.g., “He thinks thatshe's not feeling well”) turned out to be false, true, or was left open. After hearing the test question (“Why does he not play with her?”), all age groups were most likely to repeat the whole complement‐clause construction when the belief turned out to be false. That is, they tended to explicitly refer to the character's perspective and say “He thinks…” When the belief turned out to be true, participants often reverted to a simple clause (“She's not feeling well”). Furthermore, children with better short‐term memory were more likely to repeat the whole complement‐clause construction. However, children's performance in explicit false‐belief tasks showed no relation to their performance in our novel, more implicit/indirect, task. Whether or not the complement clause was introduced by athatcomplementizer only had a small effect on the German adults’ responses, where leaving out the complementizer also changes the word order of the complement clause. Overall, our results suggest that task characteristics and individual differences in short‐term memory affect children's ability to demonstrate false‐belief understanding and to express this understanding linguistically.
Comparison of variants in TPMT and NUDT15 between sequencing and genotyping methods in a multistate pediatric institution
Authors: Cook Kelsey J. , Grusauskas Victoria , Gloe Lucy , Duong Benjamin Q. , Gresh Renee C. , Kolb E. Anders , Bansal Manisha , Bechtel Allison S. , Nagasubramanian Ramamoorthy , Kirwin Susan M. , Blake Kathryn V. , Seligson Nathan D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe risk of severe adverse events related to thiopurine therapy can be reduced by personalizing dosing based on TPMT and NUDT15 genetic polymorphisms. However, the optimal genetic testing platform has not yet been established. In this study, we report on the TPMT and NUDT15 genotypes and phenotypes generated from 320 patients from a multicenter pediatric healthcare system using both Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction genotyping (hereafter: genotyping) methods to determine the appropriateness of genotyping in our patient population. Sanger sequencing identified variant TPMT alleles including *3A (8, 3.2% of alleles), *3C (4, 1.6%), and *2 (1, 0.4%), and NUDT15 alleles including *2 (5, 3.6%) and *3 (1, 0.7%). For genotyped patients, variants identified in TPMT included *3A (12, 3.1%), *3C (4, 1%), *2 (2, 0.5%), and *8 (1, 0.25%), whereas NUDT15 included *4 (2, 1.9%) and *2 or *3 (1, 1%). Between Sanger sequencing and genotyping, no significant difference in allele, genotype, or phenotype frequency was identified for either TPMT or NUDT15. All patients who were tested using Sanger sequencing would have been accurately phenotyped for either TPMT (124/124), NUDT15 (69/69), or both genes (68/68) if they were assayed using the genotyping method. Considering 193 total TPMT and NUDT15 Sanger Sequencing tests reviewed, all tests would have resulted in an appropriate clinical recommendation if the test had instead been conducted using the comparison genotyping platforms. These results suggest that, in this study population, genotyping would be sufficient to provide accurate phenotype calls and clinical recommendations.
Patterns of species diversity in a network of artificial islands
Authors: Chimalakonda Deepthi , Chisholm Ryan A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimArtificial island habitats such as human‐made wetlands are emerging novel ecosystems. Understanding the drivers of diversity in such artificial systems is essential for balancing the goals of biodiversity conservation and human socio‐economic needs.LocationTelangana state, India.MethodsWe surveyed water birds in a network of 57 artificial wetlands and assessed four macroecological biodiversity patterns: spatial betadiversity, temporal betadiversity, species‐abundance distributions (SADs), and the species–area relationship (SAR). We employed a mix of phenomenological and mechanistic models to examine the four macroecological patterns. We hypothesized that the wetland bird communities are primarily structured by immigration–extinction dynamics and thus that spatial and temporal betadiversity would be high, the within‐wetland SADs would exhibit a large number of rare species and a monotonically declining overall shape, and that the SAR across wetlands would be strongly increasing.ResultsSpatial and temporal betadiversity were both high and mostly attributable to turnover rather than nestedness. While the pooled SAD exhibited an interior mode, the SAD for individual wetlands was generally log‐series distributed, consistent with a model in which immigration among wetlands is high. The SAR exhibited an increasing trend, with the ‘small‐island effect’, which reflects constraints on immigration and is often observed for true island archipelagos, being absent.Main ConclusionsWe tentatively conclude that bird diversity in this network of artificial wetlands is mainly structured by immigration–extinction dynamics, although we acknowledge that some of the patterns are also consistent with niche dynamics and future research should measure relevant biotic and abiotic variables in these wetlands. We encourage future work in which our rich dataset is used to fit dynamic models that permit more‐detailed quantitative inferences about mechanisms structuring diversity in this novel ecosystem, which can ultimately also inform conservation management.
Artificial light at night has species‐specific effects on oviposition behavior of mosquitoes
Authors: Daufel Sabrina M. , Bohenek Jason R. , Sulliván S. Mažeika Patricio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArtificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive and growing issue worldwide. ALAN disrupts the physiology and natural crepuscular and nocturnal behavior of organisms, with widely observed effects on insects. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are disease vectors that evaluate and select freshwater habitats as oviposition sites. This behavior has both ecological and epidemiological implications. However, it is unknown how ALAN affects mosquito oviposition. We compared oviposition rates in outdoor mesocosms exposed to light‐emitting diodes (LED, 3000 K, ca. 13 lux) with dark controls. We assayed the oviposition behavior of natural populations of mosquitoes by quantifying mosquito eggs (Culex restuans Theobald and Ochlerotatus japonicus Theobald) deposited in the experimental mesocosms over 7 days. Mosquitoes had species‐specific responses to ALAN. Mean cumulative Cx. restuans egg raft deposition was greater in control pools than in ALAN pools (21 vs. 10 eggs). We observed no response of Oc. japonicus, potentially reflecting the risk associated with the alternative oviposition strategies of the two species (eggs rafts vs. skip oviposition). Our results show that ALAN has species‐specific effects on organisms, thereby complicating our understanding of the behavioral and potential ecological and epidemiological effects of this novel anthropogenic stressor.
The microbiota of Idaea inquinata developing on dry herbs
Authors: Magoga Giulia , Piombo Chiara , Locatelli Daria Patrizia , Limonta Lidia , Montagna Matteo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIdaea inquinata (Scopoli) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Idaeini) is a potential pest of stored food, mainly dry herbs. In this study, the role of diet in the shaping of the I. inquinata‐associated bacterial community was investigated and its impact on insect performance (i.e., proportion of adult emergence and duration of postembryonic development). Larvae were reared on three diets with different nutritional compositions: (1) Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers, (2) Angelica archangelica L. roots, and (3) artificial diet. A DNA metabarcoding approach targeting V1‐V2 and V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA was adopted to characterize the bacterial communities associated with adults and larvae reared on different diets, and estimate their composition and diversity. The core microbiota of this species was found to include some bacterial genera commonly associated with Lepidoptera. When a coverage‐based integration of rarefaction and extrapolation of Hill numbers was used to compare groups of samples, the microbial diversity (estimated as phylogenetic diversity) differed among individuals reared on different diets, and also between larvae vs. adults. The lowest taxon diversity was found associated with individuals reared on M. chamomilla. Larvae fed with this fiber‐rich diet had also a significantly slower development. The composition of the microbial community varied among individuals with different diets, but not between adults vs. larvae. This study highlights the important role of diet in shaping I. inquinata microbiota, but also suggests that the microbiota of non‐feeding adult moths could be partially inherited from larvae.
Possible Batesian mimicry to sexually different models in the tussock moth Numenes albofascia with a great sexual color dimorphism
Authors: Yazaki Hidemori , Hayashi Fumio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMimicry with warning colors includes Batesian and Müllerian mimicries. If we divide mimicry by sex, there are theoretically four types of mimicry: unimodal, female‐limited, male‐limited and dual mimicry. The latter three cases cause sexual dimorphism in body color and marking pattern but are rarely reported. In this study, we show that the tussock moth Numenes albofascia is possibly a dual mimic. The wing color and marking pattern of male and female N. albofascia are completely different, with the male's pattern resembling that of the smoky moth Pidorus atratus, while the female pattern resembles that of the tiger moth Arctia caja. Body size also differs greatly between the sexes of N. albofascia, matching the mimicry model species of each sex. These moths are distributed sympatrically in Japan, and their adult seasons overlap with each other. According to lizard feeding experiments, N. albofascia is palatable, while both male and female model species are unpalatable. Actograms in the laboratory and the light trapping in the field suggest that females of N. albofascia fly actively from sunset to midnight, while males fly during the twilight period around dawn. Therefore, male and female N. albofascia might be Batesian mimics of diurnally active P. atratus and nocturnally active A. caja, respectively, and the great sexual dimorphism of this moth could be caused by dual mimicry.
The paradox of cooperation among selfish cancer cells
Authors: Capp Jean‐Pascal , Thomas Frédéric , Marusyk Andriy , M. Dujon Antoine , Tissot Sophie , Gatenby Robert , Roche Benjamin , Ujvari Beata , DeGregori James , Brown Joel S. , Nedelcu Aurora M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is traditionally assumed that during cancer development, tumor cells abort their initially cooperative behavior (i.e., cheat) in favor of evolutionary strategies designed solely to enhance their own fitness (i.e., a “selfish” life style) at the expense of that of the multicellular organism. However, the growth and progress of solid tumors can also involve cooperation among these presumed selfish cells (which, by definition, should be noncooperative) and with stromal cells. The ultimate and proximate reasons behind this paradox are not fully understood. Here, in the light of current theories on the evolution of cooperation, we discuss the possible evolutionary mechanisms that could explain the apparent cooperative behaviors among selfish malignant cells. In addition to the most classical explanations for cooperation in cancer and in general (by‐product mutualism, kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, group selection), we propose the idea that “greenbeard” effects are relevant to explaining some cooperative behaviors in cancer. Also, we discuss the possibility that malignant cooperative cells express or co‐opt cooperative traits normally expressed by healthy cells. We provide examples where considerations of these processes could help understand tumorigenesis and metastasis and argue that this framework provides novel insights into cancer biology and potential strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
Utilization of industrial wastes in Al2O3‐SiC‐SiO2‐C refractories: Characterization of erosion and corrosion resistance
Authors: Ju Maoqi , Cheng Shuiming , Xia Changyong , Liang Yonghe , Cai Manfei , Cai Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIndustrial waste has a high potential for reuse in the production of refractories, which can significantly lower costs. The purpose of the research is to access the role of three types of recycled industrial wastes (ferro‐titanium slag [FTS], ferhro‐chromium slag [FCS], and ferro‐vanadium slag [FVS]) utilized as aggregate in the traditional Al2O3‐SiC‐SiO2‐C refractories (ASSC). Erosion and corrosion resistance characterization was performed to determine whether these industrial waste‐containing ASSC still perform better than traditional ASSC during service. Based on the results, incorporating FVS into the ASSC was not recommended, its corrosion resistance was significantly reduced due to the presence of excessive liquid phase. Nonetheless, FTS and FCS could be added as aggregate to the ASSC without affecting their performance. This necessity of the proper amount of liquid phase in ASSC was highlighted in this research since the parameters could alter its properties. Furthermore, the Ti(C,N) transformed from TiO2 in FTS via carbothermal reduction nitridation could effectively prevent further corrosion, and Cr2O3 derived from the decomposition of (Al,Cr)2O3 solid solution in FCS could play the same role during the corrosion process, both of which may be potential raw materials to be used in refractories.
Synthesis of BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3‐δ nano‐powders by aqueous gel‐casting for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Wang Donggang , Zhang Zhenhao , Song Tao , Sun Haibin , Li Jiao , Guo Xue , Hu Qiangqiang , Feng Yurun , Zhao Shikai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor the sake of enhance the sinter ability and electrical conductivity of BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3‐δ (BZCY) electrolytes, a modified aqueous gel‐casting method was applied to synthesize high sintering active and high conductive BZCY nano‐powders. The new approach makes it easy to obtain pure perovskite. The highly sintering active purity‐phase of BZCY nano‐powder (particle size of 50∼100 nm) was obtained by calcining at 1100°C for 2 h. Nano‐powders effectively reduce the sintering densification temperature and successfully prepare BZCY electrolyte with relative density > 96 % at 1450°C, and promote grain growth with an average grain size of 2.36 μm. Benefiting from this, improved electrical conductivities (e.g., 12.4×10−3 S cm−1 at 700°C, in wet air) are obtained. The NiO‐BZCY/BZCY/LSCF‐BZCY anode‐supporting single cell shows a peak power density of 0.75 W cm−2 at 700°C while taking ambient air as oxidants and wet H2 (∼3 vol.% H2O) as fuels.
A contrastive analysis of congratulate by native speakers of Chinese and advanced learners of Chinese
Authors: Qiu Jia , Chen Xinren , Cao Yanli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to contrast the performance of Congratulate by advanced learners of Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) and Chinese native speakers. Adopting a bottom‐up procedure, it discovers three types of Congratulate structures and seven categories of strategies used by both native speakers and advanced CFL learners. It also reveals that while social distance and power exert influence on the performance of Congratulate in both groups, significant differences exist in the overall distribution of these structures and categories of strategies. In addition, it discusses salient problems concerning the appropriateness of advanced CFL learners’ production with the aid of corpus‐based analysis and written interview. By supplementing a discourse completion test–based contrastive analysis with the two ancillary analyses, the study has a methodological implication for future empirical research in second language pragmatics.