bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta vulgaris‐derived exosome‐like nanovesicles alleviate chronic doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Cai Jiejie , Pan Jingye 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDose‐dependent heart failure is a major complication of the clinical use of doxorubicin (Dox), one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents. Effective adjuvant therapy is required to prevent Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. Currently, plant‐derived exosome‐like nanovesicle (PELNV) has revealed their salubrious antioxidant and immunological regulating actions in various disease models. In this study, we isolated, purified and characterized Beta vulgaris‐derived exosome‐like nanovesicle (BELNV). Dox or normal saline was given to HL‐1 cells (3 μM) and 8‐week C57BL/6N mice (5 mg/kg bodyweight per week for 4 weeks) to establish the in vitro and in vivo model of Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. Administration of BELNV significantly alleviated chronic Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity in terms of echocardiographic and histological results. A reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), increased ratio of glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and levels of system xc− and glutathione peroxidase 4 were observed, indicating that DOX‐stimulated ferroptosis was reversed by BELNV. Besides, the safety of BELNV was also validated since no liver, spleen, and kidney toxicity induced by BELNV was observed. These findings provide evidence that BELNV may act as a novel therapeutic biomaterial for patients undergoing adverse effects of Dox, at least partly mediated by inhibiting Dox‐induced ferroptosis.
Mass production of morin‐stabilized silver nanoparticles: Characterization, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Zayed Mervat F. , Abdel‐Monem Yasser K. , Arafa Abeer A. , Eisa Wael H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhytochemical‐conjugated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are believed to act as a bridge between nanotechnology and therapy. There is a significant need for green and mass production of such materials due to their extensive applications, especially in the biomedical sector. In this study, morin‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (morin/AgNPs) were synthesized on a massive scale using a one‐pot solid‐state technique. The reaction is achieved by ball milling of morin and silver nitrate powders at ambient temperature without any solvent or toxic reagent. The prepared morin/AgNPs exhibited a semi‐hexagonal shape and ranged in size from 21 to 43 nm. The x‐ray diffraction results elucidated the formation of highly crystalline AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses prove that the hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic functionalities in morin are playing major roles in the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. The antioxidant potential of morin/AgNPs was evaluated utilizing 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Morin/AgNPs exhibited better free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 11.7 μg/mL) than morin (IC50 = 14.8 μg/mL). Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The largest inhibition zones were observed against S. aureus (21.2 ± 0.6 mm) and K. pneumonia (20.3 ± 0.5 mm) bacteria. The foregoing results highlighted the prospective application of morin/AgNPs as a promising antioxidant and antimicrobial material for safe medical applications.Research Highlights
A simple green route for the large‐scale production of AgNPs was developed.
Morin acts as reducing/stabilizing agent in solid‐state synthesis of AgNPs.
Morin/AgNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.
Composting post‐anaerobic digestion for emerging contaminant biodegradation: Impacts of operating conditions
Authors: Larson Victoria J. , Rico Jorge L. , Wolfe Lisa M. , Sharvelle Sybil , Prenni Jessica , De Long Susan K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSustainable manure management technologies are needed, and combining anaerobic digestion (AD) for energy generation and aerobic composting (AC) to stabilize digestate and remove emerging contaminants (ECs), including veterinary pharmaceuticals and steroid hormones, is promising. This study identified post‐AD, AC operating conditions that maximized degradation of study ECs, expected to be present in cattle manure digested using treated municipal wastewater as the water source. Study ECs included sulfamethoxazole (SMX), chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), estrone (E1), and naproxen (NPX). Composting conditions were simulated in bench‐scale reactors, with microorganisms from digestate produced in an AD system (25L scale), by varying temperatures, pH, and carbon source compositions (representing food waste/manure co‐digestion with different residence times). Results indicate maximum SMX biodegradation occurred at 35°C, pH 7, and with high levels of easily degradable carbon (≥99%, 99%, and 98%), and maximum E1 biodegradation occurred at 35°C, and with low levels of easily degradable carbon (≥97% and 99%). Abiotic degradation was responsible for the nearly complete removal of tetracyclines under all conditions and for partial degradation of NPX (between 20% and 48%). Microorganisms originating from the AD system putatively capable of SMX and E1 biodegradation, or of contributing to biodegradation during the AC phase, were identified, including phylotypes previously shown to biodegrade SMX (Brevundimonas and Alcaligenes).
Downregulated expression of plakophilin‐2 gene in patients with colon adenocarcinoma predicts an unfavorable prognosis and immune infiltrate
Authors: Dai Meng , Su Yuantao , Wu Zhixiong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlakophilin 2 gene (PKP2) has been revealed to be differentially expressed in various cancer types and is correlated with prognosis. However, the role of PKP2 in colon adenocarcinoma remains indistinct.MethodsDifferences in transcriptional expression of PKP2 between colon adenocarcinoma tissues and normal adjacent tissues were acquired from the publicly available dataset—the Cancer Genome Atlas. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was constructed to differentiate colon adenocarcinoma tissues from adjacent normal tissues. The Kaplan–Meier plot method was performed to evaluate the effect of PKP2 on survival. The correlation between mRNA expression of PKP2 and immune infiltrating was determined by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Tumor–Immune System Interaction databases.ResultsThe expression of PKP2 in colon adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly downregulated compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Decreased PKP2 mRNA expression was associated with lymph node metastases and advanced pathological stage. The ROC curve analysis indicated that with a cutoff value of 6.034, the sensitivity and specificity for PKP2 differentiating the colon adenocarcinoma tissues from the adjacent normal tissues were 90.2 and 66.5% respectively. Kaplan–Meier plot survival analysis revealed that colon adenocarcinoma patients with low‐PKP2 had a worse prognosis than those with high‐PKP2 (68.2 vs. 101.4 months, p = 0.028). Correlation analysis showed that mRNA expression of PKP2 was correlative with immune infiltrates.ConclusionsDownregulated PKP2 is significantly correlated with unfavorable immune infiltrating and survival in colon adenocarcinoma. This research indicates that PKP2 can be selected as a novel biomarker of potential immunotherapy targets and unfavorable prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma.
Adsorption Dynamics of Uremic Toxins to Novel Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Shuhui , Sharaf Mehdi Ghaffari , Zhang Lun , Wishart David S. , Tonelli Marcello , Unsworth Larry D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractKidney dysfunction leads to the retention of metabolites in the blood compartment, some of which reach toxic levels. Uremic toxins are associated with the progression of kidney disease and other symptoms of kidney failure (i.e., nausea, itchiness, and hypertension). Toxin removal ameliorates symptoms and reduces further organ damage, but membrane‐based methods are inadequate for this purpose. Engineered adsorbents may facilitate enhanced removal of retained toxins, especially those bound strongly by proteins. Poly 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine‐co‐β‐cyclodextrin (p(MPC‐co‐PMβCD)) coated magnetic nanoparticles are synthesized, characterized for their physicochemical properties (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and evaluated toxin adsorption from a complex solution for the first time to quantify the effects of film chemistry and incubation time on the adsorbed toxinome (the collection of toxins). Uremic toxins are bound by even “low‐fouling” polymer films themselves; providing further insight into how small molecule interactions with “low‐fouling” films may affect protein‐surface interactions. These results suggest a dynamic interaction between toxins and surfaces that is not driven by solution concentration alone. This knowledge will help advance the design of novel adsorbent films for clearing uremic toxins.
Existence of the solution for a class of the semilinear degenerate elliptic equation involving the Grushin operator in R2$\mathbb {R}^2$: The interaction between Grushin's critical exponent and exponential growth
Authors: Alves Claudianor Oliveira , de Holanda Angelo Roncalli Furtado 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, we study the existence of the solution for a class of semilinear degenerate elliptic equations in the whole space involving the Grushin operator and a nonlinearity that involves the Grushin's critical growth and the exponential growth. The existence of at least one nontrivial weak solution is done by combining the mountain‐pass theorem, Trudinger–Moser inequality, and a version of a result due to Lions for the exponential growth in in the corresponding weighted Sobolev space.
Projection of future precipitation change using CMIP6 multimodel ensemble based on fusion of multiple machine learning algorithms: A case in Hanjiang River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Jiahong , Luan Qinghua , Shao Weiwei , Fu Xiaoran , Wang Hao , Gu Yanling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProjecting precipitation changes is essential for researchers to understand climate change impacts on hydrological cycle. This study projected future precipitation over the Hanjiang River Basin (HRB) based on the multimodel ensemble (ME) of six global climate models from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). An ME method using the fusion of four machine learning (ML) algorithms (random forest [RF], K‐nearest neighbors [KNN], extra tree [ET], and gradient boosting decision tree [GBDT]) was proposed in this study. The future precipitation changes were investigated during 2023–2042 (Near‐term), 2043–2062 (Mid‐term), and 2081–2100 (Long‐term) periods, with reference to the base period 1995–2014, under three integrated scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP5‐8.5) of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The results show that: (1) the proposed ME method performs better than the ME mean and individual ML algorithms, with a correlation coefficient value reaching 0.88 and Taylor skill score reaching 0.764. (2) The precipitation under SSP5‐8.5 has the largest upward trend with the annual precipitation variation range of −9.27% to 112.84% from 2023 to 2100, followed by SSP2‐4.5 with −30.48% to 44.67%, and the smallest under SSP1‐2.6 with −37.19% to 37.78%, which show a significant trend of humidification over the HRB in the future. (3) The precipitation changes over the HRB are projected to increase over time, with the largest in the Long‐term, followed by Mid‐term, and the smallest in the Near‐term. (4) The northeastern parts of the HRB are projected to experience a large precipitation in the future, and the southeastern parts are smaller. (5) Uncertainties in the projected precipitation over the HRB still exist, which can be reduced by ME. The findings obtained in this study have important implications for hydrological policymakers to make adaptive strategies to reduce the risks of climate change.
Optical ridge waveguides in Nd3+‐doped fluorophosphate glasses fabricated by carbon ion implantation and femtosecond laser ablation
Authors: Liu Chun‐Xiao , Lu Yan , Sun Xiu‐Jun , Chen Hong‐Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, the ridge waveguide was formed by the femtosecond laser ablation with a central wavelength of 0.808 μm and a speed of 50 μm/s on the planar Nd3+‐doped fluorophosphate glass waveguide that was fabricated by the C3+ ion implantation with an energy of 6.0 MeV and a fluence of 1.0×1012 C3+s/mm2. The mechanism of the ion‐implanted waveguide was discussed by the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter 2013. The cross‐section morphology of the ridge waveguide was captured by an optical microscope. Its mode characteristics were analyzed by the end‐face coupling method. The ridge Nd3+‐doped fluorophosphate glass waveguides have potential as fundamental structures for many optoelectronic devices including waveguide amplifiers and lasers.
Prevalence, stability, and predictive utility of the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers Scales clinically optimized irritability score: Pragmatic early assessment of mental disorder risk
Authors: Wiggins Jillian Lee , Ureña Rosario Ana , MacNeill Leigha A. , Krogh‐Jespersen Sheila , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret , Smith Justin D. , Wakschlag Lauren S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesCharacterizing the scope and import of early childhood irritability is essential for real‐world actualization of this reliable indicator of transdiagnostic mental health risk. Thus, we utilize pragmatic assessment to establish prevalence, stability, and predictive utility of clinically significant early childhood irritability.MethodsData included two independent, diverse community samples of preschool age children (N = 1857; N = 1490), with a subset enriched for risk (N = 425) assessed longitudinally from early childhood through preadolescence (∼4–9 years old). A validated, brief (2‐item) scale pragmatically assessed clinically significant irritability. In the longitudinal subsample, clinical interviews assessed internalizing/externalizing disorders.ResultsOne in five preschool‐age children had clinically significant irritability, which was independently replicated. Irritability was highly stable through preadolescence. Children with versus without clinically significant early childhood irritability had greater odds of early onset, persistent internalizing/externalizing disorders. The pragmatic assessment effectively screened out low‐risk children and identified 2/3 of children with early‐onset, persistent psychopathology.ConclusionsClinically significant early childhood irritability prevalence is akin to the pediatric obesity epidemic and may warrant similar universal screening/intervention. Also, irritability's stability demonstrates the common guidance “they'll grow out of it” to be false. Finally, pragmatic irritability assessment has transdiagnostic predictive power and addresses a need for feasible measures to flag risk.
Adding realistic noise models to synthetic ground‐penetrating radar data
Authors: Stephan Sophie Marie , Allroggen Niklas , Tronicke Jens 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTCost‐effective computing capabilities have paved the road for the use of numerical modelling to develop advanced methods and applications of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR). Realistic synthetic data and the corresponding modelling techniques, respectively, should consider all subsurface and above‐ground aspects that influence GPR wave propagation and the characteristics of recorded signals. Critical aspects that can be realized in modern GPR modelling tools include heterogeneous and frequency‐dependent material properties, complex structures and interface geometries as well as three‐dimensional antenna models, including the interaction between the antenna and the subsurface. However, realistic noise related to the electronic components of a GPR system or ambient electromagnetic noise is often not considered, or simplified by assuming a white Gaussian noise model which is added to the modelled data. We present an approach to include realistic noise scenarios as typically observed in GPR field data into the flow of modelling synthetic GPR data. In our approach, we extract the noise from recorded GPR traces and add it to the modelled GPR data via a convolution‐based process. We illustrate our methodology using a modelling exercise, where we contaminate a synthetic two‐dimensional GPR dataset with frequency‐dependent noise recorded in an urban environment. Comparing our noise‐contaminated synthetic data with field data recorded in a similar environment illustrates that our method allows the generation of synthetic GPR with realistic noise characteristics and further highlights the limitations of assuming pure white Gaussian noise models.
Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index for incidence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality; results from 13 years follow‐up in Isfahan cohort study
Authors: Fakhrolmobasheri Mohammad , Abhari Amir Parsa , Heidarpour Maryam , Paymannejad Saina , Pourmahdi‐Boroujeni Mahsa , Saffari Amir Sepehr , Okhovat Paria , Roohafza Hamidreza , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Rabanipour Najmeh , Shafie Davood , Sarrafzadehgan Nizal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground/Aims: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are novel anthropometric indices that have shown an association with metabolic syndrome; however, limited data are available regarding the predictive performance of these indices for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality.MethodsThis study was performed on the data retrieved from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). ICS is an ongoing population‐based cohort study conducted in 3 counties in central Iran. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between LAP, VAI, and metabolic parameters. Cox regression analysis and receiver operative characteristics (ROC) curve analysis were performed in order to evaluate the ability of VAI and LAP for the incidence of CVD, CVD‐associated mortality, and all‐cause mortality. We further compared the predictive performance of VAI and LAP with body mass index (BMI).ResultsLAP and VAI were significantly correlated with all metabolic variables, including blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile components. Univariate regression analysis indicated a significant association between LAP and VAI and CVD incidence. In multivariate analysis, only VAI was significantly associated with CVD incidence. Regarding CVD mortality, only VAI in the multivariate analysis revealed a significant association. Interestingly, Both VAI and LAP were negatively associated with all‐cause mortality. ROC curve analysis indicated the superior performance of LAP and VAI for predicting CVD incidence compared to BMI; however, BMI was better in predicting all‐cause mortality.ConclusionCompared to BMI, LAP and VAI have better predictive performance for the incidence of CVD. In contrast, BMI was superior to VAI and LAP in the prediction of all‐cause mortality.
Model reduction for ‐induced vesicle fusion dynamics
Authors: Ernst Ariane , Falkenhagen Undine , Winkelmann Stefanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, we adapt an established model for the ‐induced fusion dynamics of synaptic vesicles and employ a lumping method to reduce its complexity. In the reduced system, sequential ‐binding steps are merged to a single releasable state, while keeping the important dependence of the reaction rates on the local concentration. We examine the feasibility of this model reduction for a representative stimulus train over the physiologically relevant site‐channel distances. Our findings show that the approximation error is generally small and exhibits an interesting nonlinear and non‐monotonic behavior where it vanishes for very low distances and is insignificant at intermediary distances. Furthermore, we give expressions for the reduced model's reaction rates and suggest that our approach may be used to directly compute effective fusion rates for assessing the validity of a fusion model, thereby circumventing expensive simulations.
Parental experiences of the informed consent process in randomized clinical trials—A Nordic study
Authors: Mogensen Nina , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Lähteenmäki Päivi , Heyman Mats , Harila Arja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) are an essential part of improving acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. This population‐based questionnaire study investigated parents’ experiences of the informed consent process in the RCTs within the Nordic NOPHO (Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology) ALL2008 trial.ProcedureParents in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland whose child was alive and in first remission after end of therapy and who were asked to participate in any RCT in the ALL2008 protocol, were asked to complete 15 questions/items regarding their experience of the RCT consent process.ResultsA total of 483 parents of 279 children met the inclusion criteria and answered the study questionnaire. Most (91%) agreed/strongly agreed to having received sufficient information to make a well‐informed decision, felt confidence in the study design (86%), and thought that the process was satisfactory (86%). Those who did not consent reported a generally more negative experience of the process. More than a third of all parents and over half of parents who had refused participation felt that it was burdensome to decide. Most parents (66%) in general, and one‐third of those with children 8 years or older, reported that their child was not involved in the process.ConclusionsParents were in general satisfied with the informed consent process, although many parents, particularly those who refused participation, reported it as burdensome to make the decision concerning RCT. Fewer than expected of the school‐aged children were involved in the decision process, which calls for attention on how children are included in the consent procedure in clinical trials.
Dimensional optimisation and an inverse kinematic solution method of a safety‐enhanced remote centre of motion manipulator
Authors: Huang Fang , Sang Hongqiang , Liu Fen , Han Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith the expansion of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) applications in surgery, the remote centre of motion (RCM) manipulator requires a more flexible workspace to meet different operation requirements. Thus, the mechanical structure and motion control of the RCM manipulator play important roles.MethodsA multi‐objective genetic algorithm was exploited to maximise the kinematic performance and obtain a compact structure of the RCM manipulator. An inverse kinematic solution method is proposed to meet task accuracy and kinematic singularity avoidance constraints for safety motion control.ResultsSimulation results demonstrate that there are significant improvements in the reachable workspace inside the abdominal cavity, the flexibility of the workspace, kinematic performance, and compactness of the RCM manipulator. Experiments verify the feasibility of the prototype and the validity of the proposed inverse kinematic solution method.ConclusionsThis enhances the adaptability and safety of the RCM manipulator and provides potential prospects for MIS application.