bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Gallic Acid from Swietenia macrophylla Using Tannase from Bacillus Gottheilii M2S2 in Semi-Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Borah Abhinav , Selvaraj Subbalaxmi , Murty Vytla Ramachandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this research, an industrially important enzyme tannase and product gallic acid was produced with an inexpensive novel substrate Swietenia macrophylla. Fermentation of S. macrophylla was optimized using a two-step approach: First, the traditional One variable at-a-time technique, and second, the statistical Box-Behnken design for co-production of tannase enzyme and gallic acid. This two-step method of optimization showed the highest tannase activity and gallic acid yield of 0.0497 U/mL and 225 µg/mL respectively which is a 29.5 and 49-fold increase when compared to unoptimized conditions. Further, the partially purified tannase enzyme was characterized and showed optimal tannase activity at pH 4.0 and 30 ℃, and was stable between pH 3.0–6.0 and 4−40 ℃ for 24 h and 10 h, respectively. Also, metal ions such as Ca2+, Na+, and K+ at 1 mM concentration; and organic solvents methanol, and isoamyl alcohol at 20% v/v exhibited the highest activity at optimized reaction conditions. Whereas, Mn2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, EDTA, TritonX 100, toluene, and hexane caused the tannase inhibition at higher concentrations. In the end, the fermentative production of gallic acid was verified qualitatively through thin-layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Graphical Abstract
Additive manufacturing and metallization of high-frequency communication devices
Authors: Bachiller Carmen , Nova Vicente , Ferrer Álvaro , Martínez Asunción , Sandoval Nacho , Marín M. Luisa , Ponce-González Luis N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) can be applied to new scenarios where traditional subtractive techniques limit geometry and assembling freedom. One of these scenarios is the development of high-frequency devices for communication systems, where AM offers the capability to develop high-complexity geometries, reducing the devices’ weight and cost. This is extraordinarily convenient for recent small satellites where size, weight, and integration are vital. This work presents an AM process specially optimized to develop communication devices. Industry needs have been studied, and materials and manufacturing techniques have been chosen accordingly. Two communication devices, a band-pass filter and a horn antenna, have been developed using two VAT photopolymerization (VPP) processes and different resins. Printed devices were metallized using a two-step process based on a first electroless metallisation and a final galvanic plating. The manufactured pieces were sandblasted prior to metallization to increase plating adhesion and reduce surface roughness. Finally, several dimensional analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of finishing and plating on the manufacturing process using scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and contact metrology. The electromagnetic response of developed devices is excellent and comparable with commercial devices manufactured with subtractive techniques. A preliminary tolerance analysis was carried out to approximate the systematic deviation of the overall manufacturing process, considering the erosion of sandblasting and the thickness of copper plating. These deviations were compensated in the design step to improve the dimensional accuracy of the band-pass filter.
Domain Adaptation of Transformer-Based Models Using Unlabeled Data for Relevance and Polarity Classification of German Customer Feedback
Authors: Idrissi-Yaghir Ahmad , Schäfer Henning , Bauer Nadja , Friedrich Christoph M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding customer feedback is becoming a necessity for companies to identify problems and improve their products and services. Text classification and sentiment analysis can play a major role in analyzing this data by using a variety of machine and deep learning approaches. In this work, different transformer-based models are utilized to explore how efficient these models are when working with a German customer feedback dataset. In addition, these pre-trained models are further analyzed to determine if adapting them to a specific domain using unlabeled data can yield better results than off-the-shelf pre-trained models. To evaluate the models, two downstream tasks from the GermEval 2017 are considered. The experimental results show that transformer-based models can reach significant improvements compared to a fastText baseline and outperform the published scores and previous models. For the subtaskRelevance Classification, the best models achieve a micro-averagedF1-Score of 96.1 % on the first test set and 95.9 % on the second one, and a score of 85.1 % and 85.3 % for the subtaskPolarity Classification.
Coupling-selective quantum optimal control in weak-coupling NV-$$^{13}$$C system
Authors: Zhang Feihao , Xing Jian , Hu Xiaoxiao , Pan Xinyu , Long Guilu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantum systems are under various unwanted interactions due to their coupling with the environment. Efficient control of quantum system is essential for quantum information processing. Weak-coupling interactions are ubiquitous, and it is very difficult to suppress them using optimal control method, because the control operation is at a time scale of the coherent life time of the system. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center of diamond is a promising platform for quantum information processing. The $$^{13}$$

13

C nuclear spins in the bath are weakly coupled to the NV, rendering the manipulation extremely difficulty. Here, we report a coupling selective optimal control method that selectively suppresses unwanted weak coupling interactions and at the same time greatly prolongs the life time of the wanted quantum system. We applied our theory to a 3 qubit system consisting of one NV electron spin and two $$^{13}$$

13

C nuclear spins through weak-coupling with the NV center. In the experiments, the iSWAP$$^{\dagger }$$

†

gate with selective optimal quantum control is implemented in a time-span of $$T_{ctrl}$$

T

ctrl

= 170.25 $$\mu$$
μ
s, which is comparable to the phase decoherence time $$T_2$$

T
2

= 203 $$\mu s$$

μ
s

. The two-qubit controlled rotation gate is also completed in a strikingly 1020(80) $$\mu$$
μ
s, which is five times of the phase decoherence time. These results could find important applications in the NISQ era.
An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: da Silva Bruna Santos , Grevet Eugenio Horacio , Silva Luiza Carolina Fagundes , Ramos João Kleber Neves , Rovaris Diego Luiz , Bau Claiton Henrique Dotto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, which leads to impairments in the social, academic, and professional contexts. ADHD diagnosis relies solely on clinical assessment based on symptom evaluation and is sometimes challenging due to the substantial heterogeneity of the disorder in terms of clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Despite the difficulties imposed by the high complexity of ADHD etiology, the growing body of research and technological advances provide good perspectives for understanding the neurobiology of the disorder. Such knowledge is essential to refining diagnosis and identifying new therapeutic options to optimize treatment outcomes and associated impairments, leading to improvements in all domains of patient care. This review is intended to be an updated outline that addresses the etiological and neurobiological aspects of ADHD and its treatment, considering the impact of the “omics” era on disentangling the multifactorial architecture of ADHD.
Coastal urban reliance on groundwater during drought cycles: Opportunities, threats and state of knowledge
Authors: Dodd Carla , Rishworth Gavin M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUrbanisation and population growth are concentrated on the coast with approximately 40% of the human population living within 100 km of the ocean. The freshwater systems on which coastal urban areas rely are vulnerable to bidirectional pressures including coastal processes such as sea-level rise and coastal erosion coupled with land use changes and pollution occurring in inland catchment areas. These threats are likely to be amplified in the future under climate change conditions and more frequent and severe drought periods are expected to jeopardise already constrained water supply systems. Groundwater is used as a freshwater resource globally and is especially important as a conjunctive supply during drought periods due to perceived buffer capabilities. However, several threats impact coastal aquifers due to over-abstraction, such as salinisation, land subsidence and groundwater flooding and often these subterranean resources are “out of sight and out of mind” when it comes to management strategies. Here, we present an assessment of current issues and management options relevant to coastal aquifers using recent literature. These insights provide knowledge on global issues relevant to groundwater resources, especially regarding water use during droughts. This is exemplified using a South African case study of two metropolitan municipalities that have experienced or are experiencing severe multi-year droughts. Both municipalities have grappled with the depletion of surface water resources, which constitutes the bulk of the local water supply systems. Consequently, groundwater resources have been explored as an augmentation strategy. Although groundwater resources may be useful in alleviating drought effects, it is crucial that a local understanding of the aquifers is developed through baseline hydrological studies and long-term monitoring. Furthermore, unregistered groundwater use needs to be quantified. Finally, a holistic groundwater management view, and the communication thereof, is required to ensure the sustainable management of coastal aquifers.
Forty years later: The status of the “Big Five” mass extinctions
Authors: Marshall Charles R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Over 40 years ago, Raup and Sepkoski identified five episodes of elevated extinction in the marine fossil record that were thought to be statistically distinct, thus warranting the term the “Big Five” mass extinctions. Since then, the term has become part of standard vocabulary, especially with the naming of the current biodiversity crisis as the “sixth mass extinction.” However, there is no general agreement on which time intervals should be viewed as mass extinctions, in part because the Big Five turn out not to be statistically distinct from background rates of extinction, and in part, because other intervals of time have even higher extinction rates, in the Cambrian and early Ordovician. Nonetheless, the Big Five represent the five largest events since the early Ordovician, including in analyses that attempt to compensate for the incompleteness of the fossil and rock records. In the last 40 years, we have learned a great deal about the causes of many of the major and minor extinction events and are beginning to unravel the mechanisms that translated the initial environmental disturbances into extinction. However, for many of the events, further understanding will require going back to the outcrop, where the patchy distribution of environments and pervasive temporal gaps in the rock record challenge our ability to establish true extinction patterns. As for the current biodiversity crisis, there is no doubt that the rate of extinction is among the highest ever experienced by the biosphere, perhaps the second highest after the end-Cretaceous bolide impact. However (and fortunately), the absolute number of extinctions is still relatively small – there is still time to prevent this becoming a genuine mass extinction. Given the arbitrariness of calling out the Big Five, perhaps the current crisis should be called the “incipient Anthropocene mass extinction” rather than the “sixth mass extinction.”
Increased discharge of Yellow River sediments into the western Bohai Sea since 0.71 Ma
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yue Baojing , Liu Jian , Chen Tianyuan , Zhang Junqiang , An Yuhui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Yellow River originates on the Tibetan Plateau and transports vast amounts of terrestrial sediment to the ocean. However, previous studies have not reached a consensus as to when and how the Yellow River first began to flow into the sea. Here we present Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data and a high-resolution clay mineral record of a 200-m-long sediment core recovered from the modern Yellow River delta. The changes in Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions and clay minerals at 0.71 Ma suggest that a larger proportion of sediment was derived from the Yellow River after this time. We propose that the Yellow River has influenced the Bohai Sea since 1.9 Ma (or even earlier), which provides important evidence for an older Yellow River than 1.2 Ma. A significant increase in discharge of Yellow River sediments since 0.71 Ma is due to continuing subsidence of the eastern China coast, the large amplitude of Quaternary sea-level changes, and increased supply of eroded loess during the last 1.0 Ma. After this time, the contribution of local rivers surrounding the Bohai Sea became negligible due to dilution by the huge amounts of Yellow River sediments. These results provide improved constraints on the evolution of the Yellow River and subsequent land-sea fluxes.
A NOTE ON THE LARGE VALUES OF
Authors: DONG ZIKANG , WEI BIN 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate the large values of the derivatives of the Riemann zeta function
$\zeta (s)$
on the 1-line. We give a larger lower bound for
$\max _{t\in [T,2T]}|\zeta ^{(\ell )}(1+{i} t)|$
, which improves the previous result established by Yang [‘Extreme values of derivatives of the Riemann zeta function’, Mathematika68 (2022), 486–510].
A Reusable Past: The Meaning of the Third Reich in Recent U.S. Discourse
Authors: Nichols Bradley , Guettel Jens-Uwe , Hake Sabine , Kucik Emanuela , Stern Alexandra Minna , Wiesen S. Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

It does not require great powers of observation to note the pervasiveness of Nazi Germany in contemporary U.S. cultural and political discourse. For better or worse, the discursive landscape is saturated with depictions of and references to Hitler, the Holocaust, and the Gestapo—an obsession visible everywhere, from the progressive left to the far right, from TV shows to Twitter feeds to video games. The allure of using the Third Reich as a rhetorical weapon may seem obvious enough in a hyperpartisan political climate, but the resonance of that historical period clearly extends well beyond politics. Indeed, National Socialism now functions as an all-purpose conceptual barometer that can be applied to conversations about all sorts of subjects. Over the past few years, scholars have sought to shape such discussions with an unusually heavy outpouring of projects that explore correlations between Nazi Germany and the United States. What they rarely address, however, is why Americans are so prone to invoking the Third Reich as a framework for thinking about life in their own country to begin with. No less important to consider are the implications of how that trend has taken on such a wide-ranging salience and sense of urgency lately. With these questions in mind, Bradley Nichols (History, University of Missouri) convened an interdisciplinary roundtable, composed not only of historians, but also scholars of U.S. politics and culture. He invited Jens-Uwe Guettel (History, Penn State University), Sabine Hake (Germanic Studies, University of Texas), Emanuela Kucik (English and Africana Studies, Muhlenberg College), Alexandra Minna Stern (English, University of California, Los Angeles), and S. Jonathan Wiesen (History, University of Alabama at Birmingham) to share their insights and reflect on the issues at stake.
1. The recent upsurge of scholarly interest in the relationship between Nazi Germany and the United States has mirrored a heightened level of popular curiosity in the topic. How do we explain the timing of this conjuncture? What, if anything, sets it apart from the long-standing current of fascination with parallels linking the two countries? Is there something unique going on here that transcends other overlaps in focus between academia and the public (past or present)?
Assessment of emotion word vocabulary and its contribution to reading comprehension
Authors: Sabag-Shushan Tami , Katzir Tami , Prior Anat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe contribution of vocabulary to academic achievements in general and to reading comprehension (RC) in particular has led to the development of various tools for vocabulary assessment. However, existing assessments do not distinguish between word types, and specifically, they do not target emotion vocabulary, despite growing recognition of the importance of emotional processing to RC ability. In this study, we first describe the development of a novel vocabulary assessment in Hebrew – Herut – and examine its validity and sensitivity. This assessment includes both emotion words and nonemotion words, and is based on curriculum. Next, we studied the contribution of the emotion and nonemotion words subscales of the Herut to RC in a sample of 1,333 Hebrew-speaking fourth- and fifth-grade students. Both types of vocabulary knowledge made significant independent contributions to RC, and the contribution of emotion words was slightly larger than that of nonemotion words. Finally, the Herut measure was found to be more predictive of RC than a general vocabulary measure in Hebrew.
Assessment of early and post COVID-19 vaccination antibody response in healthcare workers: a multicentre cross-sectional study on inactivated, mRNA and vector-based vaccines
Authors: Mansour Ghanaie Roxana , Jamee Mahnaz , Khodaei Hannan , Shirvani Armin , Amirali Arezu , Karimi Abdollah , Fallah Fatemeh , Azimi Leila , Armin Shahnaz , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Rafiei Tabatabaei Sedigheh , Gholinegad Zari , Rajabnejad Maryam , Moemeni Marzieh , Kazemi Aghdam Maryam , Noripour Shamsollah , Mansour Ghanaie Mandana , Tariverdi Marjan , Soroush Mohammadreza , Masomi Mahdi , Shahraki Fereshteh , Torkaman-Nejad Sharif , Vaghefi Soheila Sadat , Shirvani Fariba , Alebouyeh Masoud 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this multicentre study, we compared the status of antibody production in healthcare personnel (HCP) before and after vaccination using different brands of COVID-19 vaccines between March 2021 and September 2021. Out of a total of 962 HCP enrolled in our study, the antibody against the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 48.3%, 95.5% and 96.2% of them before, after the first and the second doses of the vaccines, respectively. Our results showed post-vaccination infection in 3.7% and 5.9% of the individuals after the first and second doses of vaccines, respectively. The infection was significantly lower in HCP who presented higher antibody titres before the vaccination. Although types of vaccines did not show a significant difference in the infection rate, a lower infection rate was recorded for AstraZeneca after the second vaccination course. This rate was equal among individuals receiving a second dose of Sinopharm and Sputnik. Vaccine-related side effects were more frequent among AstraZeneca recipients after the first dose and among Sputnik recipients after the second dose. In conclusion, our results showed diversity among different brands of COVID-19 vaccines; however, it seems that two doses of the vaccines could induce an antibody response in most of HCP. The induced immunity could persist for 3–5 months after the second vaccination course.
Prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in parents whose infants have single ventricle heart disease
Authors: Bainton Jessica , Trachtenberg Felicia , McCrindle Brian W. , Wang Ke , Boruta Richard , Brosig Cheryl L. , Egerson D’Andrea , Sood Erica , Calderon Johanna , Doman Tammy , Golub Katrina , Graham Amanda , Haas Karen , Hamstra Michelle , Lindauer Bergen , Sylvester Donna , Woodard Frances , Young-Borkowski Lisa , Mussatto Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Post-traumatic stress disorder occurs in parents of infants with CHD, contributing to psychological distress with detrimental effects on family functioning and well-being. We sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in parents whose infants underwent staged palliation for single ventricle heart disease.Materials and methods:A large longitudinal multi-centre cohort study evaluated 215 mothers and fathers for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder at three timepoints, including post-Norwood, post-Stage II, and a final study timepoint when the child reached approximately 16 months of age, using the self-report questionnaire Impact of Event Scale – Revised.Results:The prevalence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder post-Norwood surgery was 50% of mothers and 39% of fathers, decreasing to 27% of mothers and 24% of fathers by final follow-up. Intrusive symptoms such as flashbacks and nightmares and hyperarousal symptoms such as poor concentration, irritability, and sudden physical symptoms of racing heart and difficulty breathing were particularly elevated in parents. Higher levels of anxiety, reduced coping, and decreased satisfaction with parenting were significantly associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in parents. Demographic and clinical variables such as parent education, pre-natal diagnosis, medical complications, and length of hospital stay(s) were not significantly associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.Discussion:Parents whose infants underwent staged palliation for single ventricle heart disease often reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Symptoms persisted over time and routine screening might help identify parents at-risk and prompt referral to appropriate supports.
Harlequin effect and central veno-arterial extracorporeal life support
Authors: Prabhu Sudesh , Shanmugasundaram Balasubramanian , Shetty Riyan , Rao Sruti , Karl Tom R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract“Harlequin effect” may be observed in the watershed region of a patient with pulmonary dysfunction, receiving peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation via the femoral vessels. In such cases, retrograde oxygenated blood from the peripheral inflow cannula converges with the antegrade deoxygenated blood ejected from the left ventricle. This occurs when the left ventricle is ejecting significantly but the recovery of pulmonary function lags behind. Herein, we describe the occurrence of “Harlequin effect” in the setting of central veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation that ensues due to the persistence of right ventricular dysfunction in the presence of an interatrial communication. This results in right to left shunting at the atrial level while weaning the patient from extracorporeal life support.