bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-liquid exposure induces bladder cancer cells to release extracellular vesicles that promote non-malignant urothelial cell transformation
Authors: Molony Ryan D. , Wu Chia-Hao , Lee Yi-Fen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe vaping of electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) has recently emerged as a popular alternative to traditional cigarette smoking, but its association with bladder cancer (BC) risk remains to be established. BC patients exhibit high rates of recurrent disease, possibly as a consequence of the field cancerization effect. We have shown that BC-derived extracellular vesicles (BCEVs) can permanently alter recipient urothelial cells in predisposed fields such that they become fully transformed malignant cells. To model the role that BCEVs may play in this potentially oncogenic setting, we treated TCCSUP BC cells with cigarette smoke extract, unflavored E-liquid, or menthol flavored E-liquid. Those treated BCEVs were then tested for their tumorigenic potential. We found that these smoking- and E-cigarette-related BCEVs were able to promote oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and DNA damage in recipient SV-HUC urothelial cells. Strikingly, menthol E-liquid-induced BCEVs significantly increased rates of malignant urothelial cell transformation. While further in vivo validation of the simultaneous effects of E-liquid and E-liquid-induced BCEVs on field cancerization is needed, these data highlight the possibility that E-cigarettes may compound user risk in a manner that can contribute to higher rates of BC incidence or recurrence.
Comparison of DNA extraction methods on CITES-listed timber species and application in species authentication of commercial products using DNA barcoding
Authors: But Grace Wing-Chiu , Wu Hoi-Yan , Siu Tin-Yan , Chan Kwun-Tin , Wong Kwan-Ho , Lau David Tai-Wai , Shaw Pang-Chui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuality and quantity of DNA extracted from wood is important for molecular identification of wood species, which can serve for conservation of wood species and law enforcement to combat illegal wood trading. Rosewood (Dalbergia and Pterocarpus) and agarwood (Aquilaria) are the most commonly found hardwood in timber seizure incidents. To monitor international trade of timber and commercial wood products and to protect these endangered wood species from further population decline, in this study, we have compared three extraction protocols for DNA extraction from 12 samples of rosewood and agarwood timber logs, and later applied the best DNA extraction protocol on 10 commercial wood products claimed to be rosewood and agarwood. We also demonstrated the applicability of DNA mini-barcoding with multi-loci combination with reference library for identifying the species of timber and commercial wood products. We found that a silica column-based method with guanidine thiocyanate-containing binding buffer served the best in DNA extraction from different parts of wood in all three genera with good quality and quantity. Single barcode region ITS2 or multi-loci combinations including ITS2 barcode region generally provide better discriminatory power for species identification for both rosewood and agarwood. All 10 products were identified to species-level using multi-loci combination. In terms of accuracy in labelling, 80% of them were labelled correctly. Our work has shown the feasibility of extracting good quality of DNA from authentic wood samples and processed wood products and identifying them to species level based on DNA barcoding technology.
Experimental measurement and modeling of asphaltene adsorption onto iron oxide and lime nanoparticles in the presence and absence of water
Authors: Ansari Sajjad , Mohammadi Mohammad-Reza , Bahmaninia Hamid , Hemmati-Sarapardeh Abdolhossein , Schaffie Mahin , Norouzi-Apourvari Saeid , Ranjbar Mohammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAsphaltene precipitation and its adsorption on different surfaces are challenging topics in the upstream and downstream of the oil industries and the environment. In this research, the phenomenon of asphaltenes adsorption in the presence and absence of water on the surface of magnetite, hematite, calcite, and dolomite nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated. Five asphaltenes of different origins, four NPs as adsorbents and Persian Gulf water were used for three-phase (asphaltene/toluene solution + NPs + water) experiments. Characterization of asphaltenes and NPs was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), elemental analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Adsorption experiments were performed in two- (asphaltene/toluene solution + NPs) and three-phase systems. The results showed that the most effective parameters for asphaltene adsorption onto these NPs are the asphaltene composition, namely nitrogen content, and the aromaticity of asphaltenes. The significant effects of these parameters were also confirmed by the relevancy factor function as a sensitivity analysis. In the competition of asphaltene adsorption capacity by NPs, iron oxide NPs had the highest adsorption (Magnetite NPs > Hematite NPs > Calcite NPs > Dolomite NPs). From the results of the experiments in the presence of water phase, it could be pointed out that the asphaltenes adsorption onto the NPs was accompanied by a decrease compared to the experiments in the absence of water. The modeling also showed that physical adsorption has a significant contribution to the asphaltenes adsorption on the surface of iron oxides and lime NPs. The results of this research can assist in a better understanding of the asphaltene adsorption phenomenon and the role of iron oxide and lime NPs in solving this problem.
Dual-resonant scanning multiphoton microscope with ultrasound lens and resonant mirror for rapid volumetric imaging
Authors: Hsu Chia-Wei , Lin Chun-Yu , Hu Yvonne Yuling , Chen Shean-Jen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA dual-resonant scanning multiphoton (DRSM) microscope incorporating a tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens with a resonant mirror is developed for high-speed volumetric imaging. In the proposed microscope, the pulse train signal of a femtosecond laser is used to trigger an embedded field programmable gate array to sample the multiphoton excited fluorescence signal at the rate of one pixel per laser pulse. It is shown that a frame rate of around 8000 Hz can be obtained in the x–z plane for an image region with a size of 256 × 80 pixels. Moreover, a volumetric imaging rate of over 30 Hz can be obtained for a large image volume of 343 × 343 × 120 μm3 with an image size of 256 × 256 × 80 voxels. Moreover, a volumetric imaging rate of over 30 Hz can be obtained for a large image volume of 256 × 256 × 80 voxels, which represents 343 × 343 × 120 μm3 in field-of-view. The rapid volumetric imaging rate eliminates the aliasing effect for observed temporal frequencies lower than 15 Hz. The practical feasibility of the DRSM microscope is demonstrated by observing the mushroom bodies of a drosophila brain and performing 3D dynamic observations of moving 10-μm fluorescent beads.
Prognostic value of reactive hyperemia index using peripheral artery tonometry in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kim Hack-Lyoung , Lim Woo-Hyun , Seo Jae-Bin , Chung Woo-Young 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven the high prevalence and poor prognosis of heart failure (HF), finding prognostic factors for patients with HF is crucial. This study investigated the prognostic value of reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a measure of endothelial function, in HF. A total of 90 HF patients (mean age, 63.7 ± 13.2 years; female, 25.6%) with a history of hospitalization for HF treatment were prospectively enrolled. RHI was measured using digital arterial tonometry in a stable condition. Clinical events, including all-cause death and HF admission, were assessed. During the median follow-up of 3.66 years (interquartile range, 0.91–4.94 years), 26 clinical events (28.9%) occurred. Although there were no significant differences in risk factors and laboratory findings according to the occurrence of clinical events, the RHI value was significantly lower in patients with clinical events than in those without (1.21 ± 0.34 vs. 1.68 ± 0.48; P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that a lower RHI value (< 1.48) was associated with a significantly higher incidence rate of clinical events (log-rank P < 0.001). In multivariable cox regression analysis, a low RHI value (< 1.48) was associated with an increased risk of clinical events (hazard ratio, 14.09; 95% confidence interval, 3.61–54.99; P < 0.001) even after controlling for potential confounders. Our study showed that reduced RHI was associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in HF. This suggests that endothelial dysfunction may be an important prognostic marker in patients with HF.
A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study on costs incurred by patients with tuberculosis comorbid with diabetes in Bhavnagar, western India
Authors: Rupani Mihir P. , Vyas Sheetal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiabetes is one of the commonest morbidity among patients with tuberculosis (TB). We conducted this study to estimate the costs incurred by patients with TB comorbid with diabetes and to explore the perspectives of program managers as well as patients on the reasons and solutions for the costs incurred due to TB-diabetes. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study to estimate costs among 304 patients with TB-diabetes comorbidity registered in the public health system during 2017–2020 in the Bhavnagar region of western India, which was followed by in-depth interviews among program functionaries and patients to explore solutions for reducing the costs. Costs, when exceeded 20% of annual household income, were defined as catastrophic as this cut-off was most significantly related to adverse TB outcomes. Among the 304 patients with TB-diabetes comorbidity, 72% were male and the median (interquartile IQR) monthly family income was Indian rupees (INR) 9000 (8000–11,000) [~ US$ 132 (118–162)]. The median (IQR) total costs due to combined TB-diabetes were INR 1314 (788–3170) [~ US$ 19 (12–47)], while that due to TB were INR 618 (378–1933) [~ US$ 9 (6–28)]. Catastrophic costs due to TB were 4%, which increased to 5% on adding the costs due to diabetes. Health system strengthening, an increase in cash assistance, and other benefits such as a nutritious food kit were suggested for reducing the costs incurred. We conclude that, in addition to a marginal increase in the percentage of catastrophic costs, co-existent diabetes nearly doubled the median total costs incurred among patients with TB. Strengthening the TB-diabetes bi-directional activities, tailoring the cash transfer scheme for comorbid patients, and making the common two-drug combination diabetes tablets available at government drug stores would help TB-diabetes comorbid patients cope with the costs of care.
HPIM‐DM: A fast and reliable dense‐mode multicast routing protocol
Authors: Oliveira Pedro , Silva Alexandre , Valadas Rui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Hard‐state Protocol Independent Multicast—Dense Mode (HPIM‐DM) multicast routing protocol is proposed. HPIM‐DM is a hard‐state version of PIM‐DM that overcomes its poor convergence times and lack of resilience to replay attacks. Like PIM‐DM, HPIM‐DM is meant for dense networks and supports its operation on a unicast routing protocol and reverse path forwarding. However, routers maintain sense of the multicast trees at all times, allowing fast reconfiguration in the presence of network failures or unicast route changes. This is achieved by (i) keeping information on all upstream neighbours from which multicast data can be received, (ii) ensuring the reliable transmission and sequencing of control messages, and (iii) synchronizing the routing information immediately when a new router joins the network. The correctness of the protocol was extensively validated using model checking and logical reasoning. The protocol was fully implemented in Python, and the implementation is publicly available. Finally, we show both theoretically and experimentally that HPIM‐DM has much better convergence times than PIM‐DM.
High‐speed high‐voltage solid‐state Marx generator based on SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Dehghan S. Mohammad , Seviour Rebecca , Hunt Steve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a high‐speed, high‐voltage, solid‐state Marx generator based on silicon carbide MOSFETs. The objective was to develop a high‐rate repetitive, short‐pulse, high‐voltage and efficient generator for medical particle accelerator applications. To achieve this goal, a 720 kV Marx generator forming from 1445 kV stages was designed. Each stage includes several SiC devices in series to reach desired voltage and speed. Compared to the existing Marx generators, the proposed Marx generator is capable of producing shorter pulses with higher voltage. We present the experimental results of a three‐stage prototype Marx generator capable of producing 15 kV at 40 A output with a 200 nS pulse with a repetition rate of 500 Hz.
Integrating black start capabilities into offshore wind farms by grid‐forming batteries
Authors: Pagnani Daniela , Kocewiak Łukasz , Hjerrild Jesper , Blaabjerg Frede , Bak Claus Leth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPower systems are currently experiencing a transition towards decarbonisation through the large‐scale deployment of renewable energy sources. These are gradually replacing conventional thermal power plants which today are the main providers of black start services. Consequently, in case of a total/partial blackout, conventional black‐start resources may not be ready for operation. Offshore wind farms (OWFs), with their large capacity and fast controllers, have potential as innovative black‐start units, thus, the need for a new design for OWFs. Here, challenges and possible solutions in integrating black start services into offshore wind farms will be presented. The first challenge is represented by the self‐start capability. The self‐start unit should be capable of forming the wind farm power island and withstanding transient phenomena due to the equipment energisation. The investigated solution comprises grid‐forming (GFM) converters in the wind farm design, which could be battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to also increase the service availability. The challenges are analysed using simulations on a wind farm, and the proposed solutions are discussed. It can be concluded that a hybrid system comprised of a BESS and an OWF, with GFM control, applying soft‐charging, etc., represents a good proposal to provide black start services by OWFs.
Near-Earth object 2022 EB5: From atmospheric entry to physical properties and orbit
Authors: Geng S. , Zhou B. , Li M. 
Published: January 2023

Context. The near-Earth object (NEO) 2022 EB5 is the fifth NEO found prior to entering the Earth's atmosphere. It fragmented over the Norway Sea on 2022 March 11 about two hours after being discovered by the astronomer Krisztián Sárneczky at Konkoly Observatory in Hungary. The Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at NASA detected the visible radiation emitted at the time of its atmospheric entry. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and European Space Agency (ESA) derived its orbital elements based on observations of its pre-atmospheric orbit.
Aims. This paper aims to calculate the physical properties of this NEO, in particular, the bulk strength, type of the material, albedo, size, and mass, based on observations of its peak brightness at the time of its atmospheric entry. In addition, the heliocentric elements are computed from its interaction with Earth's atmosphere and compared with those derived from observations by JPL and ESA, respectively, to evaluate the accuracy of our method.
Methods. The flight equations of 2022 EB5 were inversely integrated from the peak brightness to the atmospheric boundary via the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. A pancake model was utilized to simulate the fragmentation of the impactor. Parameters needed to complete the integration process that were unknown were set to be optimization variables and determined via a genetic algorithm.
Results. The results obtained show that 2022 EB5 was most likely a C-type asteroid with a maximal bulk strength of 2 MPa, diameter of 5–6 m, cometary density, and very low albedo that is no greater than 0.025. In addition, considering the effects of the atmosphere is helpful in getting a more accurate measurement for the semi-major axis, eccentricity, and inclination, although the accuracy of orbital elements strongly depends on the accuracy of USG sensors.
Beyond the two-infall model
Authors: Spitoni E. , Recio-Blanco A. , de Laverny P. , Palicio P. A. , Kordopatis G. , Schultheis M. , Contursi G. , Poggio E. , Romano D. , Matteucci F. 
Published: January 2023

Context.The recentGaiaData Release 3 (DR3) represents an unparalleled revolution in Galactic archaeology, providing numerous radial velocities and chemical abundances for millions of stars as well as all-sky coverage.AimsWe present a new chemical evolution model for the Galactic disc components (high- and low-αsequence stars) designed to reproduce the new abundance ratios provided by the General Stellar Parametriser-spectroscopy module for theGaiaDR3 and constrained by the detailed star formation (SF) histories for both the thick and thin disc stars inferred from previousGaiareleases.Methods.Sophisticated modelling based on previousGaiareleases have found evidence for narrow episodes of enhanced SF inferred in recent time. Additionally,GaiaDR3 indicated the presence of young (massive) low-αdisc stars that show evidence of a recent chemical impoverishment in several elements. In order to reproduce these observables, we propose a new chemical evolution model in which the low-αsequence is generated by two distinct infall episodes. Hence, in this study we compareGaiaDR3 chemical abundances with the predictions of a three-infall chemical evolution model for the high- and low-αcomponents.ResultsThe proposed three-infall chemical evolution model nicely reproduces the main features of the abundance ratio [X/Fe] versus [M/H] (X=Mg, Si, Ca, Ti,α) ofGaiaDR3 stars in different age bins for the consideredαelements. Moreover, the most recent gas infall – which started ∼2.7 Gyr ago – allowed us to predict accurately predict theGaiaDR3 young population which has experienced a recent chemical impoverishment.Conclusions.We extended previous chemical evolution models designed to reproduce APOGEE and APOKASC data in order to predict newGaiaDR3 chemical abundances. To this aim, we proposed a three-infall chemical evolution model to better trace both (i) the young population inGaiaDR3 with evidence of chemical impoverishment and (ii) the SF history from previousGaiareleases.
Gaia DR3 view of dynamical substructure in the stellar halo near the Sun
Authors: Dodd Emma , Callingham Thomas M. , Helmi Amina , Matsuno Tadafumi , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Balbinot Eduardo , Lövdal Sofie 
Published: January 2023

Context. Debris from past merger events is expected and also known, to some extent, to populate the stellar halo near the Sun.
Aims. We aim to identify and characterise such merger debris using Gaia DR3 data supplemented with metallicity and chemical abundance data from LAMOST LRS and APOGEE for halo stars within 2.5 kpc from the Sun.
Methods. We utilised a single linkage-based clustering algorithm to identify over-densities in the integrals of motion space that could be due to merger debris. Combined with metallicity information and chemical abundances, we characterised these statistically significant over-densities.
Results. We find that the local stellar halo contains seven main dynamical groups, with some of them shown to be in situ and some of accreted origin, most of which are already known. We report the discovery of a new substructure, which we dubbed ED-1. In addition, we find evidence for 11 independent smaller clumps, 5 of which are new: ED-2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and typically rather tight dynamically. We identify their narrow range of metallicities, along with their abundances when available, as well as their locations in the integrals of motion space, which are suggestive of an accreted origin.
Conclusions. The local halo contains an important amount of substructure of both in situ and accreted origins.
Direct measurements of carbon and sulfur isotope ratios in the Milky Way
Authors: Yan Y. T. , Henkel C. , Kobayashi C. , Menten K. M. , Gong Y. , Zhang J. S. , Yu H. Z. , Yang K. , Xie J. J. , Wang Y. X. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Isotope abundance ratios provide a powerful tool for tracing stellar nucleosynthesis, evaluating the composition of stellar ejecta, and constraining the chemical evolution of the Milky Way.
Aims. We aim to measure the 12C/13C, 32S/34S, 32S/33S, 32S/36S, 34S/33S, 34S/36S, and 33S/36S isotope ratios across the Milky Way.
Methods. With the IRAM 30 meter telescope, we performed observations of the J = 2−1 transitions of CS, C33S, C34S, C36S, 13CS, 13C33S, and 13C34S as well as the J = 3−2 transitions of C33S, C34S, C36S, and 13CS toward a large sample of 110 high-mass star-forming regions.
Results. We measured the 12C/13C, 32S/34S, 32S/33S, 32S/36S, 34S/33S, 34S/36S, and 33S/36S abundance ratios with rare isotopologs of CS, thus avoiding significant saturation effects. With accurate distances obtained from parallax data, we confirm previously identified 12C/13C and 32S/34S gradients as a function of galactocentric distance. In the central molecular zone, 12C/13C ratios are higher than suggested by a linear fit to the disk values as a function of galactocentric radius. While 32S/34S ratios near the Galactic center and in the inner disk are similar, this is not the case for 12C/13C, when comparing central values with those near galactocentric radii of 5 kpc. As was already known, there is no 34S/33S gradient but the average ratio of 4.35 ± 0.44 derived from the J = 2−1 transition lines of C34S and C33S is well below previously reported values. A comparison between solar and local interstellar 32S/34S and 34S/33S ratios suggests that the Solar System may have been formed from gas with a particularly high 34S abundance. For the first time, we report positive gradients of 32S/33S, 34S/36S, 33S/36S, and 32S/36S in our Galaxy. The predicted 12C/13C ratios from the latest Galactic chemical-evolution models are in good agreement with our results. While 32S/34S and 32S/36S ratios show larger differences at larger galactocentric distances, 32S/33S ratios show an offset across the entire inner 12 kpc of the Milky Way.