bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pine Maximum Latewood Density in Semi‐Arid Northern China Records Hydroclimate Rather Than Temperature
Authors: Yang Bao , He Minhui , Yang Liu , Wang Feng , Ljungqvist Fredrik C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLong records of tree‐ring maximum latewood density (MXD) measurements in conifers have been successfully employed to reconstruct summer temperature changes globally. Yet, the potential of MXD as a proxy in semi‐arid, low‐latitude regions for reconstructing either temperature or hydroclimate variability remains largely unexplored. Here, we developed a MXD data set of Chinese pine from semi‐arid northern China, and investigated its sensitivity to different climate variables. We found that the annual self‐calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index from previous August to current July displays the strongest influence on the MXD variation. The entire MXD chronology (covering 1736–2020) is highly consistent with nearby tree‐ring‐based annual precipitation and drought reconstructions at decadal timescales, confirming a temporally stable hydroclimate signal in our MXD record. In particular, the rapid wetting trend during the 2010–2020 period is well captured by the MXD data. This novel study has wide implications for future use of tree‐ring density data to reconstruct past climate changes globally.
Recent advances in metasurface design and quantum optics applications with machine learning, physics-informed neural networks, and topology optimization methods
Authors: Ji Wenye , Chang Jin , Xu He-Xiu , Gao Jian Rong , Gröblacher Simon , Urbach H. Paul , Adam Aurèle J. L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs a two-dimensional planar material with low depth profile, a metasurface can generate non-classical phase distributions for the transmitted and reflected electromagnetic waves at its interface. Thus, it offers more flexibility to control the wave front. A traditional metasurface design process mainly adopts the forward prediction algorithm, such as Finite Difference Time Domain, combined with manual parameter optimization. However, such methods are time-consuming, and it is difficult to keep the practical meta-atom spectrum being consistent with the ideal one. In addition, since the periodic boundary condition is used in the meta-atom design process, while the aperiodic condition is used in the array simulation, the coupling between neighboring meta-atoms leads to inevitable inaccuracy. In this review, representative intelligent methods for metasurface design are introduced and discussed, including machine learning, physics-information neural network, and topology optimization method. We elaborate on the principle of each approach, analyze their advantages and limitations, and discuss their potential applications. We also summarize recent advances in enabled metasurfaces for quantum optics applications. In short, this paper highlights a promising direction for intelligent metasurface designs and applications for future quantum optics research and serves as an up-to-date reference for researchers in the metasurface and metamaterial fields.
Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons in brain physiology and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hijazi Sara , Smit August B. , van Kesteren Ronald E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are inhibitory interneurons with unique morphological and functional properties that allow them to precisely control local circuitry, brain networks and memory processing. Since the discovery in 1987 that PV is expressed in a subset of fast-spiking GABAergic inhibitory neurons, our knowledge of the complex molecular and physiological properties of these cells has been expanding. In this review, we highlight the specific properties of PV neurons that allow them to fire at high frequency and with high reliability, enabling them to control network oscillations and shape the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of memories. We next discuss multiple studies reporting PV neuron impairment as a critical step in neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Finally, we propose potential mechanisms underlying PV neuron dysfunction in AD and we argue that early changes in PV neuron activity could be a causal step in AD-associated network and memory impairment and a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis.
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 expression is associated with symptom severity in patients with PTSD in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Cosentino Livia , Witt Stephanie H. , Dukal Helene , Zidda Francesca , Siehl Sebastian , Flor Herta , De Filippis Bianca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraumatic events may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with higher prevalence in women. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) increase PTSD risk in adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in PTSD pathogenesis and a mutation in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) in mice provide susceptibility to PTSD-like alterations, with sex-dependent biological signatures. The present study examined whether the increased risk of PTSD associated with ACE exposure is accompanied by reduced MECP2 blood levels in humans, with an influence of sex. MECP2 mRNA levels were analyzed in the blood of 132 subjects (58 women). Participants were interviewed to assess PTSD symptomatology, and asked to retrospectively report ACE. Among trauma-exposed women, MECP2 downregulation was associated with the intensification of PTSD symptoms linked to ACE exposure. MECP2 expression emerges as a potential contributor to post-trauma pathophysiology fostering novel studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying its potential sex-dependent role in PTSD onset and progression.
A tailored phase I-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) survey to capture the patient experience of symptomatic adverse events
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Helena J. , Liu Zhihui , Watson Geoffrey A. , Veitch Zachary W. , Shepshelovich Daniel , Spreafico Anna , Abdul Razak Albiruni R. , Bedard Philippe L. , Siu Lillian L. , Minasian Lori , Hansen Aaron R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient perspectives are fundamental to defining tolerability of investigational anti-neoplastic therapies in clinical trials. Phase I trials present a unique challenge in designing tools for efficiently collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) given the difficulty of anticipating adverse events of relevance. However, phase I trials also offer an opportunity for investigators to optimize drug dosing based on tolerability for future larger-scale trials and in eventual clinical practice. Existing tools for comprehensively capturing PROs are generally cumbersome and are not routinely used in phase I trials.

Methods
Here, we describe the creation of a tailored survey based on the National Cancer Institute’s PRO-CTCAE for collecting patients’ perspectives on symptomatic adverse events in phase I trials in oncology.

Results
We describe our stepwise approach to condensing the original 78-symptom library into a modified 30 term core list of symptoms which can be efficiently applied. We further show that our tailored survey aligns with phase I trialists’ perspectives on symptoms of relevance.

Conclusions
This tailored survey represents the first PRO tool developed specifically for assessing tolerability in the phase I oncology population. We provide recommendations for future work aimed at integrating this survey into clinical practice.
Thromboxane biosynthesis in cancer patients and its inhibition by aspirin: a sub-study of the Add-Aspirin trial
Authors: Joharatnam-Hogan Nalinie , Hatem Duaa , Cafferty Fay H. , Petrucci Giovanna , Cameron David A. , Ring Alistair , Kynaston Howard G. , Gilbert Duncan C. , Wilson Richard H. , Hubner Richard A. , Swinson Daniel E. B. , Cleary Siobhan , Robbins Alex , MacKenzie Mairead , Scott-Brown Martin W. G. , Sothi Sharmila , Dawson Lesley K. , Capaldi Lisa M. , Churn Mark , Cunningham David , Khoo Vincent , Armstrong Anne C. , Ainsworth Nicola L. , Horan Gail , Wheatley Duncan A. , Mullen Russell , Lofts Fiona J. , Walther Axel , Herbertson Rebecca A. , Eaton John D. , O’Callaghan Ann , Eichholz Andrew , Kagzi Mohammed M. , Patterson Daniel M. , Narahari Krishna , Bradbury Jennifer , Stokes Zuzana , Rizvi Azhar J. , Walker Georgina A. , Kunene Victoria L. , Srihari Narayanan , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Meade Angela , Patrono Carlo , Rocca Bianca , Langley Ruth E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Pre-clinical models demonstrate that platelet activation is involved in the spread of malignancy. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing whether aspirin, which inhibits platelet activation, can prevent or delay metastases.

Methods
Urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (U-TXM), a biomarker of in vivo platelet activation, was measured after radical cancer therapy and correlated with patient demographics, tumour type, recent treatment, and aspirin use (100 mg, 300 mg or placebo daily) using multivariable linear regression models with log-transformed values.

Results
In total, 716 patients (breast 260, colorectal 192, gastro-oesophageal 53, prostate 211) median age 61 years, 50% male were studied. Baseline median U-TXM were breast 782; colorectal 1060; gastro-oesophageal 1675 and prostate 826 pg/mg creatinine; higher than healthy individuals (~500 pg/mg creatinine). Higher levels were associated with raised body mass index, inflammatory markers, and in the colorectal and gastro-oesophageal participants compared to breast participants (P < 0.001) independent of other baseline characteristics. Aspirin 100 mg daily decreased U-TXM similarly across all tumour types (median reductions: 77–82%). Aspirin 300 mg daily provided no additional suppression of U-TXM compared with 100 mg.

Conclusions
Persistently increased thromboxane biosynthesis was detected after radical cancer therapy, particularly in colorectal and gastro-oesophageal patients. Thromboxane biosynthesis should be explored further as a biomarker of active malignancy and may identify patients likely to benefit from aspirin.
Changes in serum albumin concentrations over 7 days in medical inpatients with and without nutritional support. A secondary post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Boesiger Fabienne , Poggioli Alessia , Netzhammer Claudine , Bretscher Céline , Kaegi-Braun Nina , Tribolet Pascal , Wunderle Carla , Kutz Alexander , Lobo Dileep N. , Stanga Zeno , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Serum albumin concentrations are frequently used to monitor nutritional therapy in the hospital setting but supporting studies are largely lacking. Within this secondary analysis of a randomized nutritional trial (EFFORT), we assessed whether nutritional support affects short-term changes in serum albumin concentrations and whether an increase in albumin concentration has prognostic implications regarding clinical outcome and response to treatment.

Methods
We analyzed patients with available serum albumin concentrations at baseline and day 7 included in EFFORT, a Swiss-wide multicenter randomized clinical trial that compared individualized nutritional therapy with usual hospital food (control group).

Results
Albumin concentrations increased in 320 of 763 (41.9%) included patients (mean age 73.3 years (SD ± 12.9), 53.6% males) with no difference between patients receiving nutritional support and controls. Compared with patients that showed a decrease in albumin concentrations over 7 days, those with an increase had a lower 180-day mortality [74/320 (23.1%) vs. 158/443 (35.7%); adjusted odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.90; p = 0.012] and a shorter length of hospital stay [11.2 ± 7.3 vs. 8.8 ± 5.6 days, adjusted difference −2.2 days (95%CI −3.1 to −1.2)]. Patients with and without a decrease over 7 days had a similar response to nutritional support.

Conclusion
Results from this secondary analysis indicate that nutritional support did not increase short-term concentrations of albumin over 7 days, and changes in albumin did not correlate with response to nutritional interventions. However, an increase in albumin concentrations possibly mirroring resolution of inflammation was associated with better clinical outcomes. Repeated in-hospital albumin measurements in the short-term is, thus, not indicated for monitoring of patients receiving nutritional support but provides prognostic information.

Trail Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02517476.
Perinatal depression and mental health uptake referral rate in an obstetric service
Authors: Tato Fernandes Francisca , de Almeida Ana Beatriz , Fernandes Mónica , Correia Rosa , Magalhães Rui , Buchner Graça , Braga Jorge , Freitas Paula 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPerinatal depression is an important indicator of mothers’ mental health. Studies have been carried out to identify and characterize women at risk of such affective disorder. The aim of this study is to assess mothers’ adherence to our perinatal depression screening and eventual follow-up by a multidisciplinary team, including mental health and obstetrics professionals. Ultimately, a risk profile for the uptake rate of referral was described to psychological support. Pregnant women from a maternity of a tertiary center with on-site assessment and treatment (n = 2163) were included in this study. The identification of women at risk for depression was based on a two-question screening and the EPDS scale. Demographic and obstetric data were obtained from medical records. The number of screening evaluations, the uptake referral rate and the compliance to treatment were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to predict a risk profile for adherence. Among 2163 enrolled in the protocol, 10.2% screened positive for depression. Of these, 51.8% accepted referral for mental health assistance. 74.9% were compliant to Psychology appointments and 74.1% to Psychiatry appointments. Women who had a previous history of depression were more likely to accept referral for mental health support. With this study, we were able to understand the behaviour of this population towards the screening protocol we offer. Women with a previous history of depression are more likely to accept mental health assistance.
Screening of lactic acid bacteria with anti-adipogenic effect and potential probiotic properties from grains
Authors: Seo Min Ju , Won Sung-Min , Kwon Min Ju , Song Ji Hyeon , Lee Eun Bee , Cho Jun Hyeong , Park Kye Won , Yoon Jung-Hoon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA total of 187 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from four types of grains collected in South Korea. The bacterial strains were assigned as members of Levilactobacillus brevis, Latilactobacillus curvatus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactococcus taiwanensis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Weissella paramesenteroides based on the closest similarity using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strains belonging to the same species were analyzed using RAPD-PCR, and one or two among strains showing the same band pattern were selected. Finally, 25 representative strains were selected for further functional study. Inhibitory effects of lipid accumulation were observed in the strains tested. Pediococcus pentosaceus K28, Levilactobacillus brevis RP21 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RP12 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and did not show cytotoxicity in C3H10T1/2 cells at treatment of 1–200 μg/mL. The three LAB strains decreased significantly expression of six adipogenic marker genes, PPARγ, C/EBPα, CD36, LPL, FAS and ACC, in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. The three strains survived under strong acidity and bile salt conditions. The three strains showed adhesion to Caco-2 cells similar to a reference strain LGG. The resistance of the three strains to several antibiotics was also assessed. Strains RP12 and K28 were confirmed not to produce harmful enzymes based on API ZYM kit results. Based on these results, strains K28, RP21 and RP12 isolated from grains had the ability to inhibit adipogenesis in adipocytes and potentially be useful as probiotics.
Spontaneous and information-induced bursting activities in honeybee hives
Authors: Doi Itsuki , Deng Weibing , Ikegami Takashi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSocial entrainment is important for functioning of beehive organization. By analyzing a dataset of approximately 1000 honeybees (Apis mellifera) tracked in 5 trials, we discovered that honeybees exhibit synchronized activity (bursting behavior) in their locomotion. These bursts occurred spontaneously, potentially as a result of intrinsic bee interactions. The empirical data and simulations demonstrate that physical contact is one of the mechanisms for these bursts. We found that a subset of honeybees within a hive which become active before the peak of each burst, and we refer to these bees as "pioneer bees." Pioneer bees are not selected randomly, but rather, are linked to foraging behavior and waggle dancing, which may help spread external information in the hive. By using transfer entropy, we found that information flows from pioneer bees to non-pioneer bees, which suggest that the bursting behavior is caused by foraging behavior and spreading the information through the hive and promoting integrated group behavior among individuals.
Randomness assisted in-line holography with deep learning
Authors: Manisha  , Mandal Aditya Chandra , Rathor Mohit , Zalevsky Zeev , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose and demonstrate a holographic imaging scheme exploiting random illuminations for recording hologram and then applying numerical reconstruction and twin image removal. We use an in-line holographic geometry to record the hologram in terms of the second-order correlation and apply the numerical approach to reconstruct the recorded hologram. This strategy helps to reconstruct high-quality quantitative images in comparison to the conventional holography where the hologram is recorded in the intensity rather than the second-order intensity correlation. The twin image issue of the in-line holographic scheme is resolved by an unsupervised deep learning based method using an auto-encoder scheme. Proposed learning technique leverages the main characteristic of autoencoders to perform blind single-shot hologram reconstruction, and this does not require a dataset of samples with available ground truth for training and can reconstruct the hologram solely from the captured sample. Experimental results are presented for two objects, and a comparison of the reconstruction quality is given between the conventional inline holography and the one obtained with the proposed technique.
Environment assisted quantum model for studying RNA-DNA-error correlation created due to the base tautomery
Authors: Ghasemi Fatemeh , Tirandaz Arash 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe adaptive mutation phenomenon has been drawing the attention of biologists for several decades in evolutionist community. In this study, we propose a quantum mechanical model of adaptive mutation based on the implications of the theory of open quantum systems. We survey a new framework that explain how random point mutations can be stabilized and directed to be adapted with the stresses introduced by the environments according to the microscopic rules dictated by constraints of quantum mechanics. We consider a pair of entangled qubits consist of DNA and mRNA pair, each coupled to a distinct reservoir for analyzing the spreed of entanglement using time-dependent perturbation theory. The reservoirs are physical demonstrations of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm and surrounding environments of mRNA and DNA, respectively. Our predictions confirm the role of the environmental-assisted quantum progression of adaptive mutations. Computing the concurrence as a measure that determines to what extent the bipartite DNA-mRNA can be correlated through entanglement, is given. Preventing the entanglement loss is crucial for controlling unfavorable point mutations under environmental influences. We explore which physical parameters may affect the preservation of entanglement between DNA and mRNA pair systems, despite the destructive role of interaction with the environments.
Synthesis, characterization, and nonlinear optical properties of copper (II) ligand Schiff base complexes derived from 3-Nitrobenzohydrazide and benzyl
Authors: Tahmasbi Ayub , Jafari Akbar , Nikoo Abbas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new series of Cu (II) complexes were prepared using Schiff base ligand of N–N′-(1,2-diphenyl ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-Nitrobenzohydrazide). The prepared ligand and Cu (II) complex were characterized using various physicochemical investigations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), $${}^{13}C$$

13

C

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), $${}^{1}H$$

1

H

NMR, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Z-Scan technique (Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties). In addition, the prepared samples have been examined for their NLO characteristics with the help of the Density Functional Theory calculations which proved that the Cu (II) Complex is more polarized than Ligand. According to XRD and FESEM results, the nanocrystalline nature of the samples is confirmed. The metal-oxide bond assigned in the functional studies by FTIR. Magnetic studies demonstrate weak ferromagnetic and paramagnetic nature for Cu (II) complex and diamagnetic nature for the ligand, respectively. DRS spectrum exhibited higher reflectance for Cu (II) than the ligand. The band gap energies of the synthesized samples were estimated by employing the Tauc relation and Kubelka–Munk theory on reflectance data and found to be 2.89 eV and 2.67 eV for Cu (II) complex and ligand, respectively. Extinction coefficient and refractive index values were calculated using the Kramers–Kronig method. The z-scan technique was applied to estimate the NLO properties by a 532 nm Nd:YAG laser.
On viscoelastic drop impact onto thin films: axisymmetric simulations and experimental analysis
Authors: Rezaie M. R. , Norouzi M. , Kayhani M. H. , Taghavi S. M. , Kim Mirae , Kim Kyung Chun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of fluid elasticity on axisymmetric droplets colliding with pre-existing liquid films, using both numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical simulations involve solving the incompressible flow momentum equations with viscoelastic constitutive laws using the finite volume method and the volume of fluid (VOF) technique to track the liquid’s free surface. Here, the Oldroyd-B model is used as the constitutive equation for the viscoelastic phase. Experiments are also performed for dilute viscoelastic solutions with 0.005% and 0.01% (w/w) polyacrylamide in 80:20 glycerin/water solutions, in order to ensure the validity of the numerical solution and to investigate the elasticity effect. The formation and temporal evolution of the crown parameters are quantified by considering the flow parameters, including the fluid’s elasticity. The results indicate that the axisymmetric numerical solutions reasonably agree with the experimental observations. Generally, the fluid’s elasticity can enlarge the crown dimension at different thicknesses of the fluid film. Moreover, at intermediate values of the Weissenberg number, the extensional force in the crown wall can control the crown propagation. Furthermore, the results reveal that the effects of the Weber number and the viscosity ratio on this problem are more significant at higher values of the Weissenberg number.