bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex hormones and the risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Harris Katie , Peters Sanne A. E. , Woodward Mark 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
There is conflicting evidence around the role of sex hormones with cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association of sex hormones with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in pre- and post-menopausal women, and men in the UK Biobank.

Methods
The UK Biobank is a prospective population-based cohort study, that recruited over 500,000 (aged 40–69 years) women and men between 2006 and 2010.
Sex specific cox regression models, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and women to men ratio of HRs (RHR) with respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), were used to model the association of sex hormones [oestrogen, testosterone, oestrogen: testosterone (O/T) ratio, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) and the free androgen index (FAI)], measured at study baseline, with incident MI for women and men.

Results
Data were from 479,797 participants [264,282 (55.1%) women] without a history of MI at study baseline. Over 12.5 years of follow-up, there were 4,908 MI events in women and 10,517 in men. Neither oestrogen nor testosterone were associated with MI in women and men after multiple adjustment. For men, but not women, a unit higher log-transformed O/T ratio was associated with a lower risk of MI 0.79 (0.65, 0.95) after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. The corresponding women to men RHR (95% CI) was 1.24 (0.99, 1.56). Higher SHBG (per unit) was also associated with a lower risk of MI in men 0.94 (0.89, 0.99), and not in women 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) after multiple adjustment, the corresponding women to men RHR (95% CI) was 1.09 (1.00, 1.18). Higher FAI was associated with a higher risk of MI in men 1.09 (1.02, 1.15), though not in women 0.97 (0.92, 1.02), the corresponding women to men RHR was 0.89 (0.82, 0.97). Finally, there were differential effects in the association of SHBG and FAI between pre- and post-menopausal women.

Conclusions
A higher O/T ratio was associated with a lower risk of MI, and a higher FAI with a higher risk of MI after adjustment for CVD risk factors in men, but not in women. Thus, hormone ratios, rather than each alone, may play an important role in modulating the effect of MI.
Learning-based robust speaker counting and separation with the aid of spatial coherence
Authors: Hsu Yicheng , Bai Mingsian R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA three-stage approach is proposed for speaker counting and speech separation in noisy and reverberant environments. In the spatial feature extraction, a spatial coherence matrix (SCM) is computed using whitened relative transfer functions (wRTFs) across time frames. The global activity functions of each speaker are estimated from a simplex constructed using the eigenvectors of the SCM, while the local coherence functions are computed from the coherence between the wRTFs of a time-frequency bin and the global activity function-weighted RTF of the target speaker. In speaker counting, we use the eigenvalues of the SCM and the maximum similarity of the interframe global activity distributions between two speakers as the input features to the speaker counting network (SCnet). In speaker separation, a global and local activity-driven network (GLADnet) is used to extract each independent speaker signal, which is particularly useful for highly overlapping speech signals. Experimental results obtained from the real meeting recordings show that the proposed system achieves superior speaker counting and speaker separation performance compared to previous publications without the prior knowledge of the array configurations.
Mapping global evidence on injuries/trauma due to sexual and gender-based violence for research prioritisation and development of guidelines to mitigate their impact: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kuupiel Desmond , Lateef Monsurat A. , Pillay Julian D. , Mchunu Gugu G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization recognises injuries as a growing global public health problem. While there are several causes of injuries and trauma, relevant research is mostly centred on road traffic accidents, burns, and drowning with less focus on violence-related injuries/trauma such as sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). To identify priority research topics, prioritisation, and development of practice guidelines to mitigate the impact of injuries/trauma resulting from SGBV, this systematic scoping review will aim to map and describe the range of research relating to injuries/trauma due to SGBV in the global context.

Methods
A scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework will be conducted. Literature relating to injuries/trauma and SGBV will be searched in PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Trip, guideline repositories, websites, and reference list of included articles. This study will include evidence sources focused on the epidemiological burden, guidelines for out-of-hospital and in-hospital care of victims, barriers or facilitators to reporting and obtaining healthcare, and approaches for mitigating injuries/trauma due to SGBV. The search will be limited to publications within 10 years (2012 to 2023). Two authors will apply the eligibility criteria to identify potentially relevant citations. The data will be extracted in duplicate and methodological quality assessed using varied tools (Mixed Method Quality Appraisal Tool; and Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation instrument). The study will be reported in keeping with the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews.

Discussion
The scoping review will highlight existing literature on injuries/trauma due to SGBV and identify gaps to facilitate research prioritisation, development of guidelines, and resource allocation to alleviate the impact of injuries/trauma resulting from SGBV. This study’s findings will be disseminated via a series of meetings with key stakeholders (local and international) in the field of healthcare, policy, social welfare, GBV interest groups, and others. Also, the final scoping review results will be presented at relevant workshops, meetings, and conferences. Moreover, this study’s findings will be disseminated via journal publications and policy briefs.
Blood flow on ultrasound imaging is a predictor of lump margin status in breast-conserving patients: a retrospective matching study
Authors: Zhao Rong , Zhang Jianyong , Gao Jinnan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the relationship between breast ultrasound features and lump margin status in breast-conserving patients.

Methods
A single-institution database and medical records system were searched to identify patients who had undergone breast-conserving surgery between 2015 and 2022. Patients were divided into case and control groups based on their postoperative margin status, and different matching methods [case–control matching (CCM) and propensity score matching (PSM)] were used to match the cases and controls at a ratio of 1:1.

Results
Before matching, patients with positive margins were more likely to have a tumor with increased blood flow (OR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.83–4.61, p < 0.001) and microcalcifications (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.44–3.42, p < 0.001). Among the 83 pairs of CCM subjects, patients with positive margins were prone to increased blood flow (p = 0.007) and crab sign (p = 0.040). In addition, there was a significant difference in blood flow (p = 0.030) among PSM subjects. After adjusting for the unbalanced factors, the same results were obtained.

Conclusions
Ultrasound blood flow significantly predicts the status of breast-conserving margins, but further studies are required to verify our findings.
Patient-derived iPSC models of Friedreich ataxia: a new frontier for understanding disease mechanisms and therapeutic application
Authors: Maheshwari Saumya , Vilema-Enríquez Gabriela , Wade-Martins Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a rare genetic multisystem disorder caused by a pathological GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FXN gene. The numerous drawbacks of historical cellular and rodent models of FRDA have caused difficulty in performing effective mechanistic and translational studies to investigate the disease. The recent discovery and subsequent development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology provides an exciting platform to enable enhanced disease modelling for studies of rare genetic diseases. Utilising iPSCs, researchers have created phenotypically relevant and previously inaccessible cellular models of FRDA. These models enable studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying GAA-induced pathology, as well as providing an exciting tool for the screening and testing of novel disease-modifying therapies. This review explores how the use of iPSCs to study FRDA has developed over the past decade, as well as discussing the enormous therapeutic potentials of iPSC-derived models, their current limitations and their future direction within the field of FRDA research.
Graphical abstract
Assessing knowledge and willingness to use genetically modified crops in Uganda
Authors: Mustafa Abubakar Sadik , Ssenku Jamilu E. , Nyachwo Evelyne B. , Ruto Grace Cherotich , Bunani Nelson , Musimami Grace , Maseruka Ronald , Anywar Godwin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
There has been a lot of debate on genetically modified (GM) crops both globally and locally in Uganda. Whereas some of the debates have been informed by scientific research, many are not. The level of acceptance and attitudes of people towards GM crops is a function of their knowledge. However, there is a paucity of studies on the knowledge and attitudes of Ugandans on GM crops. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of GM crops in Uganda.

Methods
We carried out a mixed methods study in September 2021 in Bushenyi, Jinja and Wakiso districts. We conducted 18 focus group discussions (FGDs), 13 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 698 quantitative interviews. The quantitative interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires. The FGD and KI interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The qualitative data were analyzed using framework analysis and the quantitative data were analyzed using modified Poisson regression to identify factors associated with the level of knowledge of GM crops in STATA 15.

Results
Out of the 698 respondents interviewed, only 273 (39.1%) had ever heard of GM crops. About 204 (74.7%) of the 273 respondents reported having a moderate–high understanding of GM crops and 62.3% (170) of the respondents further reported that GM crops are harmful to their health and environment, despite some of their intrinsic benefits, such as high productivity, improved income and resilience to pests and diseases. In addition, Out of the 698 respondents interviewed, only 37.7% were wary of the possibility of the emergence of super pests due to the development of resistance to some GM crops.

Conclusions
Most of the community members do not have adequate knowledge about GM crops, hence, there is need for sensitization and legislation on GM crops before their release to the public.
Association between childhood trauma, cognition, and psychosocial function in a large sample of partially or fully remitted patients with bipolar disorder and healthy participants
Authors: Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica , Hansen Katrine Bang , Mariegaard Johanna , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Childhood trauma (CT) are frequently reported by patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but it is unclear whether and how CT contribute to patients’ cognitive and psychosocial impairments. We aimed to examine the impact of CT on cognition and psychosocial functioning in a large sample of 345 patients with BD and 183 healthy control participants (HC) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, neurocognitive tests and ratings of mood symptoms and functioning.

Results
Patients showed broad cognitive impairments across memory, attention and executive function and functional disability despite being in partial or full remission and had higher levels of CT than HC. Higher levels of CT correlated with impairments across almost all cognitive domains and lower psychosocial functioning across BD patients and HC. Of these, the associations between CT and poorer working memory and lower psychosocial functioning, respectively, prevailed after adjusting for clinical and demographical variables. Diagnosis of BD and estimated verbal intelligence did not moderate these associations. Analysis of CT sub-categories showed that working memory impairments were related particularly to childhood physical and emotional abuse, while psychosocial difficulties were related to physical and emotional neglect.

Conclusions
CT may have negative implications for working memory and psychosocial functioning across both BD and healthy populations. If the findings are replicated, this would suggest that early interventions that reduce the frequency of CT in vulnerable families may aid children’s cognitive and psychosocial development.
Co-producing principles to guide health research: an illustrative case study from an eating disorder research clinic
Authors: Papastavrou Brooks Cat , Kafle Eshika , Butt Natali , Chawner Dave , Day Anna , Elsby-Pearson Chloë , Elson Emily , Hammond John , Herbert Penny , Jenkins Catherine L. , Johnson Zach , Keith-Roach Sarah Helen , Papasileka Eirini , Reeves Stella , Stewart Natasha , Gilbert Nicola , Startup Helen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
There is significant value in co-produced health research, however power-imbalances within research teams can pose a barrier to people with lived experience of an illness determining the direction of research in that area. This is especially true in eating disorder research, where the inclusion of co-production approaches lags other research areas. Appealing to principles or values can serve to ground collaborative working. Despite this, there has not been any prior attempt to co-produce principles to guide the work of a research group and serve as a basis for developing future projects.

Methods
The aim of this piece of work was to co-produce a set of principles to guide the conduct of research within our lived experience led research clinic, and to offer an illustrative case for the value of this as a novel co-production methodology. A lived experience panel were recruited to our eating disorder research group. Through an iterative series of workshops with the members of our research clinic (composed of a lived experience panel, clinicians, and researchers) we developed a set of principles which we agreed were important in ensuring both the direction of our research, and the way in which we wanted to work together.

Results
Six key principles were developed using this process. They were that research should aim to be: 1) real world—offering a clear and concrete benefit to people with eating disorders, 2) tailored—suitable for marginalised groups and people with atypical diagnoses, 3) hopeful—ensuring that hope for recovery was centred in treatment, 4) experiential—privileging the ‘voice’ of people with eating disorders, 5) broad—encompassing non-standard therapeutic treatments and 6) democratic—co-produced by people with lived experience of eating disorders.

Conclusions
We reflect on some of the positives as well as limitations of the process, highlighting the importance of adequate funding for longer-term co-production approaches to be taken, and issues around ensuring representation of minority groups. We hope that other health research groups will see the value in co-producing principles to guide research in their own fields, and will adapt, develop, and refine this novel methodology.
Radiomics-based prediction of FIGO grade for placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , O’Doherty Jim , Wolsztynski Eric , Brophy David P. , MacDermott Roisin , Atallah David , Saliba Souha , Young Constance , Downey Paul , Donnelly Jennifer , Geoghegan Tony , Brennan Donal J. , Curran Kathleen M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlacenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a rare, life-threatening complication of pregnancy. Predicting PAS severity is critical to individualise care planning for the birth. We aim to explore whether radiomic analysis of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict severe cases by distinguishing between histopathological subtypes antenatally.MethodsThis was a bi-centre retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study conducted between 2018 and 2022. Women who underwent MRI during pregnancy and had histological confirmation of PAS were included. Radiomic features were extracted from T2-weighted images. Univariate regression and multivariate analyses were performed to build predictive models to differentiate between non-invasive (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] grade 1 or 2) and invasive (FIGO grade 3) PAS using R software. Prediction performance was assessed based on several metrics including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) at receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsForty-one women met the inclusion criteria. At univariate analysis, 0.64 sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0−1.00), specificity 0.93 (0.38−1.0), 0.58 accuracy (0.37−0.78) and 0.77 AUC (0.56−.097) was achieved for predicting severe FIGO grade 3 PAS. Using a multivariate approach, a support vector machine model yielded 0.30 sensitivity (95% CI 0.18−1.0]), 0.74 specificity (0.38−1.00), 0.58 accuracy (0.40−0.82), and 0.53 AUC (0.40−0.85).ConclusionOur results demonstrate a predictive potential of this machine learning pipeline for classifying severe PAS cases.Relevance statementThis study demonstrates the potential use of radiomics from MR images to identify severe cases of placenta accreta spectrum antenatally.Key points• Identifying severe cases of placenta accreta spectrum from imaging is challenging.• We present a methodological approach for radiomics-based prediction of placenta accreta.• We report certain radiomic features are able to predict severe PAS subtypes.• Identifying severe PAS subtypes ensures safe and individualised care planning for birth.Graphical Abstract
Relevance of the projectile atomic mass in the breakup process
Authors: Mukeru B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In probing the internal structures of halo systems through breakup reactions, the attention is largely reserved to the ground and continuum structures of the weakly bound projectile. In this paper, it is shown that some breakup features can be revealed by focusing on the projectile atomic mass, which is found to be a significant quantitative parameter in the breakup process.
Polygenic Prediction of Education and Its Role in the Intergenerational Transmission of Education: Cohort Changes Among Finnish Men and Women Born in 1925–1989
Authors: Lahtinen Hannu , Korhonen Kaarina , Martikainen Pekka , Morris Tim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Major changes in the educational distribution of the population and in institutions over the past century have affected the societal barriers to educational attainment. These changes can possibly result in stronger genetic associations. Using genetically informed, population-representative Finnish surveys linked to administrative registers, we investigated the polygenic associations and intergenerational transmission of education for those born between 1925 and 1989. First, we found that a polygenic index (PGI) designed to capture genetic predisposition to education strongly increased the predictiveness of educational attainment in pre-1950s cohorts, particularly among women. When decomposing the total contribution of PGI across different educational transitions, the transition between the basic and academic secondary tracks was the most important. This transition accounted for 60–80% of the total PGI–education association among most cohorts. The transition between academic secondary and higher tertiary levels increased its contribution across cohorts. Second, for cohorts born between 1955 and 1984, we observed that one eighth of the association between parental and one's own education is explained by the PGI. There was also an increase in the intergenerational correlation of education among these cohorts, which was partly explained by an increasing association between family education of origin and the PGI.
Life Course Patterns of Prescription Drug Use in the United States
Authors: Ho Jessica Y. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Prescription drug use has reached historic highs in the United States—a trend linked to increases in medicalization, institutional factors relating to the health care and pharmaceutical industries, and population aging and growing burdens of chronic disease. Despite the high and rising prevalence of use, no estimates exist of the total number of years Americans can expect to spend taking prescription drugs over their lifetimes. This study provides the first estimates of life course patterns of prescription drug use using data from the 1996–2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, the Human Mortality Database, and the National Center for Health Statistics. Newborns in 2019 could be expected to take prescription drugs for roughly half their lives: 47.54 years for women and 36.84 years for men. The number of years individuals can expect to take five or more drugs increased substantially. Americans also experienced particularly dramatic increases in years spent taking statins, antihypertensives, and antidepressants. There are also important differences in prescription drug use by race and ethnicity: non-Hispanic Whites take the most, Hispanics take the least, and non-Hispanic Blacks fall in between these extremes. Americans are taking drugs over a wide and expanding swathe of the life course, a testament to the centrality of prescription drugs in Americans' lives today.
Mnemonic Politics around the Japanese Colonial Era in Post–Cold War Taiwan: Wei Te-sheng's Colonial Trilogy and Post–New Cinema
Authors: Bae Juyeon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines mnemonic politics after 1987’s democratization in Taiwan by discussing the cinematic representation of colonial memory, mainly focusing on Wei Te-Sheng's films set in the Japanese colonial era. After the end of martial law in 1987, prohibited issues such as Japanese colonialism and Indigenous Taiwanese in the representational sphere began to appear on the screen. Therefore, the colonial memory that emerged on screen entangles with Cold War politics and the postcolonial geopolitical situation. In Wei's films, he links heroic Indigenous people in the history of Taiwan with the archetypical land. The suffering of those who are tightly bound to the land inspires a sense of deprived sovereignty—that is, occupation. The sense of occupation indicates the long history of colonial Taiwan, from the time of the Netherlands and Spain, via the Qing Dynasty and Japan, to the KMT government. Wei's films reclaim Taiwanese history from the perspective of the Indigenous people who lived in Taiwan before 1945 rather than that of the occupiers.Regardless of the memory of resistance, surrender, victory, or defeat, Wei's films, however, romanticize the memory of the Japanese colonial era. In doing so, his films denounce the time of KMT “occupiers” in the postcolonial era and reinforce Taiwanese nationalism against Chinese nationalism. Through textual analysis of Wei's films and comparison with other films provoking colonial memory, this article investigates how colonial memories are negotiated in the post–Cold War Taiwanese cinema to reformulate the contentious idea of “nation” and “nationalism” in Taiwan.