bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Health Care and Foreign Aid: A Tale of Two Germanys
Authors: Bruchhausen Walter , Borowy Iris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Declaration of Alma-Ata remains one of the momentous documents of public health. Its origins lie both in postwar efforts to improve population health in low-income countries and in social medicine promoted decades earlier in Europe. For industrialized countries in East and West, Alma-Ata, therefore, should have provided health-related guidelines both for domestic and foreign policy, though political interpretations of the social components of medicine and health differed. Due to its unique history of ideologically informed division after 1945, Germany forms a fascinating case study.
Important German contributions to the early social medicine discourse fed into ideas of primary health care, the basis of the Alma-Ata process. However, the concept found little resonance in domestic policies. After World War II, the two Germanys chose different paths for health systems but were similarly reluctant to address the social dimension of health in their cooperation with Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In the 1970s, new international health concepts and civil society discussions about “development aid” caused changes in West German policies. No such discussions took place in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), where Alma-Ata was interpreted as a confirmation of the domestic health system. Thus, ironically, West German health workers pursued a keener policy of principles of social medicine in their partner countries than the GDR government, which considered its role in the global transformation of health care mainly fulfilled by serving as a model.
Oligogalactolipid production during cold challenge is conserved in early diverging lineages
Authors: Barnes Allison C , Myers Jennifer L , Surber Samantha M , Liang Zhikai , Mower Jeffrey P , Schnable James C , Roston Rebecca L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Severe cold, defined as a damaging cold beyond acclimation temperatures, has unique responses, but the signaling and evolution of these responses are not well understood. Production of oligogalactolipids, which is triggered by cytosolic acidification in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), contributes to survival in severe cold. Here, we investigated oligogalactolipid production in species from bryophytes to angiosperms. Production of oligogalactolipids differed within each clade, suggesting multiple evolutionary origins of severe cold tolerance. We also observed greater oligogalactolipid production in control samples than in temperature-challenged samples of some species. Further examination of representative species revealed a tight association between temperature, damage, and oligogalactolipid production that scaled with the cold tolerance of each species. Based on oligogalactolipid production and transcript changes, multiple angiosperm species share a signal of oligogalactolipid production initially described in Arabidopsis, namely cytosolic acidification. Together, these data suggest that oligogalactolipid production is a severe cold response that originated from an ancestral damage response that remains in many land plant lineages and that cytosolic acidification may be a common signaling mechanism for its activation.
Early Repolarization Syndrome Leading to Recurrent Cardiac Arrest in a Young Active Duty Patient
Authors: Patel Arjun , Oommen Tiffany , Docekal Jeremy , Harris Danny 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
A previously healthy, active duty 37-year-old male experienced recurrent cardiac arrests because of ventricular fibrillation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Initial evaluation did not reveal a clear ischemic, structural, toxic, or metabolic cause. Close monitoring of telemetry before his third cardiac arrest revealed the cause to be early repolarization syndrome (ERS). In this case, we review the diagnosis, epidemiology, and prognostic significance of early repolarization pattern as it relates to ERS. We also discuss acute and long-term treatment strategies for patients with ERS.
Necrotizing acute pancreatitis with electrocardiogram changes masquerading acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kumar Nirdosh , Waheed Shahan , Siddiqui Amnah , Tamiz Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) refers to the acute inflammation of the pancreas; however, if there is concurrent necrosis, it is called necrotizing acute pancreatitis (NAP). The diagnosis is sometimes difficult because it might mimic acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We report a case of a 28-year-old male, who presented to the emergency department (ED) with severe epigastric pain, shortness of breath and diaphoresis for 4–5 h. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed marked sinus bradycardia with an incomplete left bundle branch block. Considering the clinical presentation and ECG changes, he was managed as ACS and was rushed to catheterization laboratory for a coronary angiogram, which was reported normal. Subsequently, his serum pancreatic enzymes were elevated, and computed tomography of the abdomen showed NAP. In ED settings, it is difficult to differentiate between the two, particularly when AP presents with ECG manifestations masquerading as ACS.
Spontaneous pregnancy in a case with concurrent uterine artery embolization induced transient premature ovarian failure and Asherman syndrome: a case report
Authors: Tarafdari Azadeh , Vahdani Fahimeh G , Hadizadeh Alireza , Khoshravesh Sahar , Hadizadeh Shiva 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an uncommon cause of infertility in females characterized by hypoestrogenism. Studies have shown that uterine artery embolization (UAE) is associated with POI. Meanwhile, Asherman syndrome (AS) is a rare condition because of intracervical or intrauterine adhesions, which can happen after dilation and curettage. Both these syndromes are causes of amenorrhea and infertility. This case is of a 40-year-old woman who, after cesarean scar pregnancy and subsequent UAE because of uncontrollable vaginal bleeding, developed premature ovarian failure and AS. She underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. She became pregnant with low anti-Müllerian hormone levels. Initial adhesiolysis and intervention in AS can restore uterine endometrium’s ability to host a fetus. Moreover, UAE can cause POI, which might regress to some degree.
Does Online Dating Challenge Gendered Divisions of Household Labor?
Authors: Potarca Gina , Hook Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Online dating has modified how people find and select partners. In addition to outcomes already observed (e.g., exogamy), we argue that by subverting normative dating scripts, online courtship practices may set the course for partnerships that display more egalitarian divisions of routine household labor. This may be particularly true for the married and for lower-educated women, who generally report the least egalitarian allocation of domestic work. Furthermore, we posit that the relationship between meeting context and household labor will be partially explained by the selectivity of those who search for partners online but also by mechanisms specific to online dating that allow for greater relationship quality. We use 2008–2019 German Family Panel (pairfam) data in random-effects regression models to predict sharing of routine housework among women in marital and cohabiting opposite-sex unions (N = 3305). We find that meeting online is associated with greater sharing of housework for married women with lower-education, and that the link is robust even after accounting for observed selection into online dating via entropy balancing weights. Contrary to expectations, partnership quality has no mediating effect. Much of the positive association remains unexplained, suggesting that the different ways men and women negotiate power in the dating phase in digital versus non-digital partner markets may indeed play a role in how gender is enacted later on.
E2F7 drives autotaxin/Enpp2 transcription via chromosome looping: Repression by p53 in murine but not in human carcinomas
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Hung , Lee Sue Chin , Dacheux Mélanie A. , Norman Derek D. , Balogh Andrea , Bavaria Mitul , Lee Hsinyu , Tigyi Gabor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDysregulation of the autotaxin (ATX, Enpp2)‐lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in cancerous cells contributes to tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. We previously found that ATX activity was elevated in p53‐KO mice compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. Here, we report that ATX expression was upregulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from p53‐KO and p53R172H mutant mice. ATX promoter analysis combined with yeast one‐hybrid testing revealed that WT p53 directly inhibits ATX expression via E2F7. Knockdown of E2F7 reduced ATX expression and chromosome immunoprecipitation showed that E2F7 promotes Enpp2 transcription through cooperative binding to two E2F7 sites (promoter region −1393 bp and second intron 996 bp). Using chromosome conformation capture, we found that chromosome looping brings together the two E2F7 binding sites. We discovered a p53 binding site in the first intron of murine Enpp2, but not in human ENPP2. Binding of p53 disrupted the E2F7‐mediated chromosomal looping and repressed Enpp2 transcription in murine cells. In contrast, we found no disruption of E2F7‐mediated ENPP2 transcription via direct p53 binding in human carcinoma cells. In summary, E2F7 is a common transcription factor that upregulates ATX in human and mouse cells but is subject to steric interference by direct intronic p53 binding only in mice.
COPD and biologic treatment: state of the art
Authors: Ferri Sebastian , Paoletti Giovanni , Pelaia Corrado , Heffler Enrico , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Puggioni Francesca 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, heterogeneous disease associated with abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles and gases. The progression of disease leads to respiratory failure, disability and premature death. Although recent progress in reducing the global burden of many chronic disease, such as heart disease and cancer, mortality and morbidity due to COPD continue to increase despite of cigarette smoking worldwide policy. Additionally, diagnostic and therapeutic options have not changed in decades. While patients affected by other respiratory disease may benefit with a personalized precision medicine, thanks to the new biological treatment, to date, there is no biological treatment available for COPD. COPD is generally a neutrophils-predominant disease but approximately 40% of patients with COPD had also an eosinophilic airway inflammation.

Recent findings
different Phase III trials have been recently performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of several biological treatments, mostly against eosinophilic inflammation and, to date, some of this trial, still ongoing have promising results.

Summary
This review resumes the rationale, the attempts of biological treatment in COPD and latest promising results.
Highlights of the treatment of allergic rhinitis according to Chinese guidelines
Authors: Zhang Min , Ao Tian , Cheng Lei 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
This review aimed to introduce the pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis according to the 2022 updated Chinese guidelines.

Recent findings
Despite recent advances in basic and clinical research worldwide, pharmacotherapy remains a mainstream in allergic rhinitis treatment. Usually, the first-line drugs, involving intranasal corticosteroids, second-generation oral and intranasal H1-antihistamines, or leukotriene receptor antagonists, can achieve acceptable outcomes in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The second-line drugs, such as oral corticosteroids, intranasal decongestants and intranasal anticholinergics, can assist in controlling severe symptoms, like nasal congestion/blockage and watery rhinorrhea. For those with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, evidence-based stepwise strategies are suitable, in which the types and dosages of drugs are de-escalated or upgraded according to their therapeutic efficacy. Meanwhile, omalizumab, a novel biological agent, has burgeoned to satisfy the need of patients.

Summary
This review highlights the staples in Chinese guidelines about the pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis to better understand the guidelines and promote the clinical practice.
Clinical outcomes of AIT in the elderly population
Authors: Bożek Andrzej 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of reviewThis review aims to present the current knowledge on the effectiveness and safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in patients over 60 years of age with inhalant allergies.Recent findingsOver the last 10 years, the problem of immunoglobulin E allergy in seniors has been noticed by many authors. At the same time, in the 1990s, trials of desensitization to selected inhalant allergens were started, obtaining evidence of the effectiveness of AIT, both with the use of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and injection immunotherapy (SCIT), in patients over 60 years of age with allergic rhinitis. Such data have been confirmed for AITs for grasses, birch, and house dust mites. Currently, these patients are being monitored to assess the long-term effect of AIT. All available observations confirm the high safety of AIT in seniors.SummarySeniors with allergic rhinitis or asthma may qualify for AIT if they do not have contraindications. These patients can experience a sustained clinical benefit even after completing AIT treatment. Studies indicate that injectable and sublingual routes of administration may be effective in this age group, provided the suspect allergen is accurately diagnosed.
Presence of Preoperative Neurodegeneration Biofluid Markers in Patients with Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Leung Jacqueline M. , Rojas Julio C. , Tang Christopher , Chan Brandon , Lario-Lago Argentina , Boxer Adam L. , Do Quyen , Kramer Joel H. , Du Zhiyuan , Du Pang , Sands Laura P. ,   Perioperative Medicine Research Group
Published: June 2023

Background
The pathophysiology of delirium is incompletely understood, including what molecular pathways are involved in brain vulnerability to delirium. This study examined whether preoperative plasma neurodegeneration markers were elevated in patients who subsequently developed postoperative delirium through a retrospective case-control study.

Methods
Inclusion criteria were patients of 65 yr of age or older, undergoing elective noncardiac surgery with a hospital stay of 2 days or more. Concentrations of preoperative plasma P-Tau181, neurofilament light chain, amyloid β1-42 (Aβ42), and glial fibrillary acidic protein were measured with a digital immunoassay platform. The primary outcome was postoperative delirium measured by the Confusion Assessment Method. The study included propensity score matching by age and sex with nearest neighbor, such that each patient in the delirium group was matched by age and sex with a patient in the no-delirium group.

Results
The initial cohort consists of 189 patients with no delirium and 102 patients who developed postoperative delirium. Of 291 patients aged 72.5 ± 5.8 yr, 50.5% were women, and 102 (35%) developed postoperative delirium. The final cohort in the analysis consisted of a no-delirium group (n = 102) and a delirium group (n = 102) matched by age and sex using the propensity score method. Of the four biomarkers assayed, the median value for neurofilament light chain was 32.05 pg/ml for the delirium group versus 23.7 pg/ml in the no-delirium group. The distribution of biomarker values significantly differed between the delirium and no-delirium groups (P = 0.02 by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test) with the largest cumulative probability difference appearing at the biomarker value of 32.05 pg/ml.

Conclusions
These results suggest that patients who subsequently developed delirium are more likely to be experiencing clinically silent neurodegenerative changes before surgery, reflected by changes in plasma neurofilament light chain biomarker concentrations, which may identify individuals with a preoperative vulnerability to subsequent cognitive decline.

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Brainstem Modulation of Nociception by Periaqueductal Gray Neurons Expressing the μ-Opioid Receptor in Mice
Authors: Nguyen Eileen , Chiang Michael C. , Nguyen Catherine , Ross Sarah E. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Pharmacologic manipulations directed at the periaqueductal gray have demonstrated the importance of the μ-opioid receptor in modulating reflexive responses to nociception. The authors hypothesized that a supraspinal pathway centered on neurons in the periaqueductal gray containing the μ-opioid receptor could modulate nociceptive and itch behaviors.

Methods
The study used anatomical, optogenetic, and chemogenetic approaches in male and female mice to manipulate μ-opioid receptor neurons in the periaqueductal gray. Behavioral assays including von Frey, Hargreaves, cold plantar, chloroquine-induced itch, hotplate, formalin-induced injury, capsaicin-induced injury, and open field tests were used. In separate experiments, naloxone was administered in a postsurgical model of latent sensitization.

Results
Activation of μ-opioid receptor neurons in the periaqueductal gray increased jumping (least-squares mean difference of –3.30 s; 95% CI, –6.17 to –0.44; P = 0.023; n = 7 or 8 mice per group), reduced itch responses (least-squares mean difference of 70 scratching bouts; 95% CI, 35 to 105; P < 0.001; n = 8 mice), and elicited modestly antinociceptive effects (least-squares mean difference of –0.7 g on mechanical and –10.24 s on thermal testing; 95% CI, –1.3 to –0.2 and 95% CI, –13.77 to –6.70, and P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively; n = 8 mice). Last, the study uncovered the role of the periaqueductal gray in suppressing hyperalgesia after a postsurgical state of latent sensitization (least-squares mean difference comparing saline and naloxone of –12 jumps; 95% CI, –17 to –7; P < 0.001 for controls; and –2 jumps; 95% CI, –7 to 4; P = 0.706 after optogenetic stimulation; n = 7 to 9 mice per group).

Conclusions
μ-Opioid receptor neurons in the periaqueductal gray modulate distinct nocifensive behaviors: their activation reduced responses to mechanical and thermal testing, and attenuated scratching behaviors, but facilitated escape responses. The findings emphasize the role of the periaqueductal gray in the behavioral expression of nociception using reflexive and noxious paradigms.

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The Effect of Preoperative Exposure to Benzodiazepines on Opioid Consumption After One and Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Meade Matthew H. , Schultz Matthew J. , Radack Tyler , Michael Mark , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kurd Mark F. , Hsu Victor , Kaye Ian David , Schroeder Gregory D. , Kepler Christopher , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Woods Barrett I. 
Published: June 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Objective:
Investigate the relationship between preoperative benzodiazepine exposure and postoperative opioid use in patients undergoing primary 1 or 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Background:
Little is known about the effect of preoperative benzodiazepine exposure on postoperative opioid use in spine surgery.

Patients and Methods:
Patients undergoing primary 1 or 2-level ACDF at a single institution from February 2020 to November 2021 were identified through electronic medical records. The prescription drug monitoring program was utilized to record the name, dosage, and quantity of preoperative benzodiazepines/opioids filled within 60 days before surgery and postoperative opioids 6 months after surgery. Patients were classified as benzodiazepine naïve or exposed according to preoperative usage, and postoperative opioid dose and duration were compared between groups. Regression analysis was performed for outcomes that demonstrated statistical significance, adjusting for preoperative opioid use, age, sex, and body mass index.

Results:
Sixty-seven patients comprised the benzodiazepine-exposed group whereas 90 comprised the benzodiazepine-naïve group. There was no significant difference in average daily morphine milligram equivalents between groups (median: 96.0 vs 65.0, P = 0.11). The benzodiazepine-exposed group received postoperative opioids for a longer duration (median: 32.0 d vs 12.0 d, P = 0.004) with more prescriptions (median: 2.0 vs 1.0, P = 0.004) and a greater number of pills (median: 110.0 vs 59.0, P = 0.007). On regression analysis, preoperative benzodiazepine use was not significantly associated with postoperative opioid duration [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.93, P = 0.74], number of prescriptions (IRR: 1.21, P = 0.16), or number of pills (IRR: 0.89, P = 0.58).

Conclusions:
While preoperative benzodiazepine users undergoing primary 1 or 2-level ACDF received postoperative opioids for a longer duration compared with a benzodiazepine naïve cohort, preoperative benzodiazepine use did not independently contribute to this observation. These findings provide insight into the relationship between preoperative benzodiazepine use and postoperative opioid consumption.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Can Ursodeoxycholic Acid Prevent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection or Reduce the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity? Current Knowledge and Unresolved Issues
Authors: Pan Shida , Zhang Yang , Meng Fanping , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A recent study revealed that the inhibition of the farnesoid X receptor using ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) significantly reduces angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. Therefore, considerable attention has been paid to the use of UDCA to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reduce the severity of the disease. This review comprehensively summarizes the role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential role and mechanisms of UDCA in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection or reinfection. It also discusses unresolved issues and the potential use of UDCA in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease.