bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of Kerr-Newman Black Hole
Authors: Syahputra Gutivan A. , Anang Subagyo Bintoro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews the solution of Einstein’s field equations for rotating black holes coupled with Maxwell’s electromagnetics. We derive the thermodynamic quantities of black hole, such as temperature, entropy, and energy with respect to mass, charge, and angular momentum, to derive the first law of thermodynamics. Also, we show that the black hole’s entropy of the black hole will be directly proportional to the irreducible mass of the black hole. We present a comparison between black hole’s possible maximal mass that can be extracted with it total mass.
Dose analysis of proton beam therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma using PHITS version 3.20
Authors: Nofi Santika Ira , Siti Nur Mahmudah Rida , Widiatmono Restu , Sardjono Yohannes , Ismail Zuhdi , Sutresna Wijaya Gede , Mulyadi Triatmoko Isman , Kasesaz Yaser 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers that assault the human liver.. Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a safer therapy for HCC because there is less risk of damaging healthy tissue. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal proton energy for HCC treatment, the effect of proton energy on the rate of absorbed dose for HCC treatment, the effect of proton energy on the total isoeffective dose for the treatment of liver cancer, and safe and effective irradiation techniques for the treatment of HCC. This study is a simulation method using the PHITS 3.20. The PHITS3.20 program begins with defining the geometry, the material for liver cancer, other organs as the object under study, and the energy source used. The proton source used is S2C2 (Superconducting Synchrocyclotron). The independent variable in this study is the proton energy range between 75 MeV to 112 MeV according to the S2C2 output, while the dependent variable is the absorbed dose rate. The results of this study describe the optimum energy for HCC treatment as 88 MeV to 112 MeV; the more significant the energy used, the higher the dose rate for GTV; the more significant the energy used, the higher the dose. The total isoeffective on GTV will be smaller, and a safe and effective irradiation method for treating HCC is the pencil scattering method.
The surface plasmon polaritons in metal which is immersed in vegetable oil: The effect of metal thickness
Authors: Gunawan Vincensius 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The liquid dielectrics have been widely used in transformer technology. However, there is very limited information in the usage of liquid dielectrics in optics, especially in generating surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) at the interface between conductor and dielectrics. In this study, we immersed conductor in liquid dielectrics and predicted the generation of SPP. Here, we used vegetable oils as liquid dielectric, since vegetable oil was relatively cheap and environment friendly. Using Maxwell equations and the continuity of the fields at the interface, the dispersion relation was derived. Then, dispersion relation was solved numerically using root finding technique. We found that the conductor’s thickness affected the frequency of surface plasmon polaritons. The thinner the conductor thickness, the higher the SPP frequency will be.
Analysis of the intermittent laser-induced thermocapillary convection of the melt by the method of short-time correlation
Authors: Zavalov Y N , Dubrov A V , Rodin P S , Makarova E S , Dubrov V D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Online video diagnostics was used in the process of laser metal deposition. The method of short-time correlation was applied to analyse fluctuations in the size of the molten pool. Power distributions of the cross correlation of the breadth and length of the pool depending on the intensity of laser irradiation up to 30 kW/cm2 are obtained. The intermittency in parameters of the molten pool is associated with changes in the structure of convective Marangoni flows in the melt during the formation of the bead. It is shown to decrease the duration of the regular changes in the parameters of the molten pool with the increase in the intensity of laser irradiation.
Changes in the properties of kenaf/silica/epoxy hybrid composites by variations in silica particle sizes and contents
Authors: Sosiati H , Khunaefi I A , Diputra G A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Silica micro-/nanoparticle reinforced composites have been extensively investigated. This study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 25 vol.% untreated kenaf fiber, 2 vol.% silica microparticles (>100, 74, 37 µm), and 73 vol.% epoxy resin were fabricated to be the composites by cold-press molding for 24 hours, then subjected to the tensile test to identify the highest composite’s tensile strength corresponding to SEM of the fracture surface. The highest value from the first stage was used in the second stage to determine the influence of the silica particle contents of 1, 3, and 5 vol.% on the composite’s tensile properties and water absorption rate. These results achieved an optimum kenaf/silica/epoxy composite’s tensile properties (64.10 MPa for tensile strength and 6.60 MPa for tensile modulus) by 37 µm silica particle size and 2 vol.% silica content. However, the composite containing 5 vol.% silica reached the lowest water absorption rate of 7.40%.
Intelligent system for automatic image description of optical coherence tomography
Authors: Bolodurina I P , Lositsky A O , Borshchuk E L , Voronina A E , Yu Zhigalov A , Grishina L S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development and implementation of an intelligent system for automatic image description of an optical coherence tomograph allows us to reduce the time of image processing and, consequently, to accelerate the diagnosis of diseases. To develop this system, it is necessary to solve many problems of binary classification for the presence of markers characterizing pathologies of various types or their absence. In this regard, this work is aimed at developing models that effectively solve many problems of binary classification of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to describe the state of the retina.
Mathematical modeling of complex heat transfer in the context of the endovenous laser ablation
Authors: Yu Chebotarev A , Park N M , Mesenev P R , Kovtanyuk A E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An initial-boundary value problem for quasi-linear model of complex heat exchange (where the conductive and radiative contributions are simultaneously taken into account), describing the mechanism of endovenous laser ablation, is studied. The existence and uniqueness of a solution is proved. An iterative procedure to find a solution is constructed and its convergence is established. The efficiency of the iterative procedure is illustrated by conducted numerical simulations.
Numerical simulation of polarization switching kinetics in ferroelectrics based on fractional Kolmogorov – Avrami model
Authors: Moroz L I , Barabash T K , Maslovskaya A G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Kolmogorov – Avrami theory of crystallization is widely used for simulation of polarization switching kinetics in ferroelectrics. In the present study, a fractional modification of the Kolmogorov – Avrami model is examined in view of the application to polarization switching current in ferroelectrics. The approach is based on the numerical calculation of the Caputo fractional derivative with respect to the time-dependent function relating to the switching transients. The results of computational experiments are demonstrated with variation of both the parameters of domain growth and the order of time-fractional derivative. A comparison of the simulation results with experimental data and the corresponding statistical estimates are also carried out.
The phenotype of the three-way cross soybean (Glycine max [L.] merrill) results
Authors: Rahmadana F , Hanafiah D S , Siregar L A M , Lubis K , Haryati  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The high demand for soybeans can be met by increasing soybean production through crossbreeding. Crossbreeding of soybean varieties using the three-way cross method from three parents, namely Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega 1, can be a solution to the problem. Increasing genetic diversity through cross breeding is one of the efforts to form a primary population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the agronomic character of the F1.1 generation of soybean plants resulting from a cross between three parents. This study was carried out in a land located in Emplasmen Kwala Mencirim Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency. The observations were carried out by observing all the plants planted in the field. This study showed that the height of the F1.1 plants resulted from a cross of three parents varied, and the mean number of primary branches produced was 2.72. The mean seed weight of the F1.1 is 17.62 g.
Adaptive parameters for smart climate agriculture: case study on erratic climate in Lombok, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Mahrup M , Kusnartha I G M , Sukartono S , Silawibawa P , Susilowati L E , Padusung P , Fahrudin F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An erratic climate is one the most complex phenomena in semi-arid tropics. Therefore, dewpoint temperature (Td), relative humidity (RH) and air temperature (Ta) could be adaptive parameters required to resolve the complexity of the climate in the regions. Descriptive research was conducted to study variability of the Td, RH and Ta in the erratic climate of Lombok. Objective of research was to study temporal and spatial variability of the Td resulted from variation of Ta and RH. Climate data, namely temperature, preci-pitation and RH were collected within a period of 15 years (2006-2021). Scenario of the onset and the end of rainy season were constructed by means of a polynomial model. Results of the model showed that the onset of rainy season was initiated if the Td reached 26.2°C. A transition period from wet to dry was commenced when Td at 25.2 °C, and the difference between Ta and Td (∆Td) was 2.78 °C. In the wet season, the Td was 23.5°C with ∆Td 2.42 °C, RH 87%, and predicted rainy day was 98 days (91.6%). In dry season, the average Td was 22.2°C with ∆Td 3.12°C, RH 75.3%, and predicted rainy days were 27 days (actual 22 days). In conclusion, increase in air temperature without increase in humidity could result in decreasing number of potential rainy days, delaying of the onset rainy season and extending period of dry season. The dewpoint temperature would be the adaptive parameter in smart climate agriculture and being an effective measure to mitigate climate change in the erratic climate of Lombok.
Effect of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) extract on height and number of roots in patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) subculture planlet
Authors: Yunita Y , Izzah N , Amalia A , Harnelly E , Masykur M , Siregar Z , Rizki A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Extracts of plant parts have the potential as growth regulators that can be used in in vitro culture. In order to find the ideal tomato extract concentration for the growth of patchouli explan, this study examine the effect of tomato extract (Solanum lycopersicum) as natural growth regulator on the height and quantity of roots in patchouli (Pogotemon cablin Benth.) subculture. This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 (MS medium 0), P1 (MS medium + 4 ml/L tomato fruit extract), P2 (MS medium + 6 ml/L tomato fruit extract), P3 (MS medium + 8 ml/L tomato fruit extract), P4 (MS medium + 10 ml/L tomato fruit extract) and P5 (MS medium + 12 ml/L tomato extract). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan post-hoc test at a significant level of 95% applied to data by using SPSS version 18. The outcomes demonstrated that the injection of tomato fruit extract had a substantial impact on the roots rather than the height parameter plantlets. The control treatment (MS 0) resulted in the best average number of roots, it was suspected that the tomato fruit extract contained compounds which inhibited root growth.
Monitoring bacterial cellulose growth during fermentation with various carbon sources by applying real-time image processing
Authors: Ahmadi T P , Nugroho D A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nata de coco is a fermented product made from coconut water. Acetobacter xylinum is used in coconut water fermentation to produce very fine cellulose fibers. This study aims to observe the bacterial cellulose (BC) formation with various carbon sources using the Real-Time Image Processing approach. Fermentation is stopped when the BC reaches a certain thickness. A set of tools have been modified to perform fermentation, such as using Raspberry Pi, Arduino sensors, USB Web Camera, and building a BC growth monitoring database that is integrated with PHP. The results showed the highest correlation between time and thickness for glucose, sucrose and mannitol mediums. Cluster analysis showed that glucose had three clusters, while sucrose and mannitol had two groups. The kinetic observations of BC growth on glucose, sucrose, and mannitol mediums follow the Gompertz model equation. The conclusions obtained are that glucose had the fastest adaptation phase, followed by sucrose, and mannitol. Mannitol was referred to as the carbon sources that had the longest BC formation.
Identification of rice plants via DNA barcoding for securing future food availability
Authors: Trinugroho J P , Sudigyo D , Hidayat A A , Nirwantono R , Mahesworo B , Pardamean B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Given the continuous increase in the world population, producing more food is necessary. The majority of people across the world consume rice as the main food. Thus, it is essential to produce more rice plants to be able to feed the growing world population. Molecular biology techniques have advanced rapidly, allowing the exploration and discovery of various plants by examining their DNA genome, which is called DNA barcoding. This paper aims to develop a pipeline for the identification and exploration of rice plants by utilizing a DNA barcoding approach. We chose the rbcL gene as a target region for DNA barcoding. Then, we retrieved the sequences of different rice species from the online database. After performing sequence analysis, a set of primers were designed, which were then used for in-silico PCR amplification. We have shown that the designed primers have fulfilled the desired criteria. In addition, the gel electrophoresis confirmed the successful amplification of the rbcL gene using the designed primers. Hence, this study can be used to identify rice species or variants with superior traits. This may help to solve the food availability issue in the future.
Design of pliek-u dryer using Dafa-type solar energy
Authors: Agustina R , Hayati R , Hasanuddin H , Fadhil R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the food diversification strategies of coconut commodity is to process it into Pliek U. Pliek U is a typical food of the Province of Aceh, Indonesia, which in its processing stage requires a drying process. So far, Pliek U drying process is often conducted conventionally through direct drying (sun drying), so that Pliek U produced is susceptible to dust and other dirt contamination. This research aimed to design a Pliek U dryer using Dafa type solar energy. The Dafa type solar energy dryer used a turbine ventilator with a vertical axis wind turbine equipped with two solar collectors. This turbine had a simple shape and construction and was arranged like the letter S. While the two parts of the solar collector were used to collect energy from the sun directly. In the experiment, the blank test was carried out in the time range, namely from 10.20 am to 04.50 pm in sunny weather, with an interval of 30 minutes for each temperature data recording. The empty test results of the Dafa type solar energy dryer showed that the average shelf temperature was 44.21 °C, the collector temperature was 45.64 °C, and the ambient temperature was 31.14 °C. This initial test revealed that the performance ability of the tool was very effective in maintaining temperature during the drying process, so that further tests using materials for drying Pliek U may be carried out.
Effect of different drying heating sources on quality of brewed green tea
Authors: Sulaiman I , Aprilla S , Yusriana Y , Perez C T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development of product quality is one of the most critical factors in the industry because rate changes can result in changes in the selling value of the product. Tea processing in the industry is generally a quality analysis process before the product is marketed. Analyzing the quality of brewing in green tea is carried out when the tea is dry and then brewed to specific standards. The tea drying process is carried out using a dryer. The dryer and the fuel used significantly affect the quality of the tea before it is marketed. In this study, green tea brewing quality was tested based on dryer fuels, such as Taiwan element electric (P1), element electric (P2), wood fuel (P3), jumbo wood fuel (P4), gas fuel + element (P5), and fuel gas (P6). This study uses the factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) method; if it has a significant effect, the BNT will be further tested. The results of this study indicate that the perfect color was found in the dryer with elemental electric with a score of 2.84 (yellowish), and the best taste was found in the gas + element dryer with a score of 2.48 (good). The steeping dregs were the brightest found in the dryer, with an electric element score of 2.34.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of three types of wine coffees from Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Indonesia
Authors: Muzaifa M , Abubakar Y , Nilda C , Andini R , Olivia B , Putri A N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Wine coffee is coffee products which is produced through a natural coffee processing process which is modified with a longer fermentation process. Currently, the coffee wine processing in the Gayo highlands of Aceh is very popular because it has a fairly high selling price, reaching two to three times higher than regular coffee. This research aims to analyze the physicochemical and sensory properties of three types of wine coffees consisting of soft, hard and black wine coffee which are distinguished by their process based on the length of fermentation. Wine coffee with longer fermentation time has a darker color, sour smell and lower pH. The colour of wine coffee is range from yellowish to brownish. These wine coffees has water content ranges from 10.33-11.67% (meets the standard) and a slightly sour to sour smell with a pH range of 4.65-4.87. The wine coffee flavor scale ranges from 6.5 (good)-7.75 (very good) with a cupping score below the specialty coffee score. The fermented taste attributes detected in wine coffee were winey, overripe, vinegar, citrusy and sourly. The winey character that is often associated with wine coffee is found with moderate to high intensity. In particular, overripe, vinegar and sourly characters have a higher intensity in soft and strong wine coffee than black wine coffee.
Production analysis of Carrot Farming in Batu City
Authors: Pariasa I I , Hardana A E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the use of production factors (seed, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor) and analyze the scale of carrot farming. The research method for determining the location was carried out deliberately in Bumiaji District, Batu City, East Java Province. The interview was conducted with a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques to analyze factors affecting the production of carrot farming as well as economies of scale with the Cobb-Douglas production function using the RStudio software program. From the results of the analysis for production factors that have a real influence on the production of carrot farming including seeds, pesticides, and labor. If the three factors’ productions are increasingly used for carrot farming, the production produced will be even greater. The value of production elasticity (EP) in carrot production in Batu City is at a condition of increasing returns to scale which shows that an increase in production inputs can increase carrot production yields.
Location-specific cultivation techniques for Arabica coffee in Bener Meriah Regency
Authors: Manfarizah M , Karim A , Basri H , Muyassir M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gayo coffee is one of the leading commodities originating from the Gayo Highlands, one of which is Bener Meriah Regency. The Gayo coffee commodity cultivated by farmers is Arabica coffee, consisting of Gayo 1, Gayo 2, and Gayo 3 clones. Arabica coffee has been developed by the Gayo community for many years with a continuous cultivation system throughout the year. This coffee farming business is relatively advanced, various introductions have been made, which are based on experience gained from generation to generation (location specific) so that it can affect the performance of the coffee farming business being cultivated. The use of cultivated land for years with a coffee cultivation system causes a decrease in land fertility, resulting in a decrease in coffee production. This study aims to determine the location-specific cultivation techniques for Arabica coffee in Bener Meriah Regency that have been carried out by farmers from generation to generation. The method used is descriptive quantitative analysis using survey methods. The survey method was conducted by conducting direct interviews with respondents, namely farmers who cultivate Arabica coffee. Respondents were determined through Stratified Random Sampling. The results showed were generally farmers using mixed varieties in one garden (59.34%), the spacing varied generally 2.5 meters x 2.5 meters (59.34 %), 82.42% used organic and inorganic fertilizers, only 5.49% used organic fertilizers and 12.09% used inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are sourced from composted coffee husks. Soil and water conservation measures carried out in coffee plantations are only vegetative methods, the type of shade is generally Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) plants. Generally, herbicides were used for weed control (83.52%) and only 12.09% famers used pesticides to control plant pest organisms.
Microclimate of broiler cage with rice husk absorbent
Authors: Tugiyanti E , Harisulistyawan I , Suswoyo I , Heriyanto S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Air polution is one of the side effect of broiler production. Broiler chickens produce excreta that contains high ammonia which is derived from the high intake of protein feed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adsorbent made of rice husk with different levels of activators on ammonia in the cage of broiler chickens, the temperature heat index (THI), and litter pH. The materials used were 180 broiler chickens kept in an open cage. The research was carried out utilizing a Completely Randomized Design, utilizing treatments of rice husk adsorbent activated with HCl at the concentrations of 0N, 1N, 2N, 3N, 4N, and 5N, then mixed into the litter for flooring at the start of maintenance. The treatments were replicated five times, and the observed variables were ammonia level of litter cage, temperature heat index (THI) and litter pH. The analysis of variance showed that absorbents made of rice husk showed non-significant (P>0.5) effect on the level of ammonia letter of broiler chickens during finisher period, and litter pH. It is concluded that rice husk adsorbent that is activated with HCl is feasible for reducing the level of ammonia, THI, and litter pH of broiler cage. The HCl 2 N activator was the best treatment for activating rice husk adsorbent.