bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of assimilation of YOPP‐SH additional radiosonde observations on analyses and forecasts over Antarctica in austral summer
Authors: Choi Yonghan , Kim Seong‐Joong , Bromwich David H. , Powers Jordan G. , Kwon Hataek , Park Sang‐Jong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRadiosonde observations over Antarctica and the surrounding oceans were enhanced during the Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP‐SH) summer Special Observing Period (SOP). Observing System Experiments (OSEs) were conducted in a continuous cycling framework using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and its data assimilation system. Routinely available observations were assimilated in the CTL (control) experiment, and special radiosonde observations from the YOPP‐SH SOP were additionally assimilated in the YOPP experiment. The results were compared to investigate the effects of additional radiosonde observations on analyses and forecasts over and around Antarctica. Verifications against ERA5 re‐analysis, radiosonde observations, and Automatic Weather Station (AWS) observations show overall positive effects of additional radiosonde observations. These positive effects are most noticeable in temperature at lower levels at earlier forecast lead times; afterward, wind forecast improvements at upper levels are the most noticeable. Although routine and special radiosonde observations are concentrated over the eastern and coastal regions of Antarctica (compared to the western and inland regions), the effects of the extra data spread in longitudinal and latitudinal directions; therefore, the effects on the forecasts are not limited to only the areas near the radiosonde observations. A case study reveals how cyclone forecasts are improved through the assimilation of the additional YOPP‐SH SOP radiosonde observations. This study provides insights into future observation strategies in Antarctica, such as horizontal/vertical observation locations, observation variables, and so forth to maximize effects of new observations on forecasts over Antarctica.
When does a stream become a river?
Authors: Czuba Jonathan A. , Allen George H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe distinction between a “stream” and “river” is imprecise and vague despite the popular usage of the terms across disciplines for describing flowing waterbodies. Based on an analysis of named flowing waterbodies in the continental United States, we suggest a bank‐to‐bank channel width of 15 m as a working threshold in defining smaller “streams” from larger “rivers.”
Amidoximated Polyacrylonitrile Extended the Interlayer Spacing of MoS2/Graphite for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lu Xiaohan , Tao Tingxian , Zhang Yilin , Lu Siyu , Xie Jiaxin , Ding Zhen , Wu Zhichuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHydrogen energy, as a clean energy, is an important direction of new energy development. Here, amidoximated polyacrylonitrile (AOCF) with coordination ability was introduced by solution‐based blending method, and the electrocatalyst (N‐MoS2/AOCF‐C) with extended interlayer and multiphase structure was successfully synthesized. The structure characterization and experimental results showed that the spherical graphite mixed into the N‐MoS2 composite. The interlayer of the composite was significantly expanded and the N‐MoS2/C was randomly dispersed and anchored in AOCF matrix because the −OH and −NH2 of AOCF can form coordination bonds with Mo (IV) effectively. Therefore, the satisfactory hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of N‐MoS2/AOCF‐C was attributed to the strong coordination bond effect and the addition of conducted carbon material. And the electrocatalyst displayed a lower overpotential (166 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2), a smaller Tafel slope (48.83 mV/dec), a larger electric double‐layer capacitance (84.19 mF/cm2) and nice stability.
Investigation on the photocatalytic degradation properties of BiOX on carbendazim and its mechanism
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Shi Gaofeng , Wang Guoying , Wang Runquan , Chen Wanping , Li Jiaxian , Wei Yuan , Zhang Yuerong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBismuth Oxyhalide (BiOX, X=Cl, Br, I) has been widely used in water purification, environmental remediation and other fields due to its special layered structure and good photocatalytic performance. In this work, BiOCl, BiOBr and BiOI photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by a simple solvothermal method and first applied to the mineralization and degradation of carbendazim (CBZ). The degradation performance of BiOX to CBZ was studied under different light sources and different pH conditions. And the influence mechanism of the degradation performance of the three catalysts were revealed by analyzing the structure, morphology, specific surface area, optical performance, energy band structure, and electronic density of state of the materials. The results showed that, under the irradiation of metal halide lamp, the photocatalytic activity of BiOBr was the best when the pH was at 7. The degradation efficiency reached 99 % after 3 h and more than 90 % CBZ molecules could be mineralized. The BiOBr catalyst had good stability in four cycles. Furthermore, it was found that the main active species were h+ and ⋅O2− in the photodegradation process by free radical trapping experiment. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, it was demonstrated that different halogen atoms had different density of state contribution intensity in atomic orbitals, different band gap width and different light response capabilities by the analysis of its energy band structure and partial wave density of state (PDOS), resulting in different photocatalytic performance under different energy light irradiation.
Study on Mechanism and Thermodynamics of NO Absorption by Acetylcholine‐chloride Type Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Xiao Xinxin , Liu Yixuan , Chen Xingxing , Bai Hongcun , Xu Xiuli , Yu Jianglong , Dou Jinxiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNO absorption by using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) from flue gas has become one of great research interest. In this work, different DESs were prepared with acetylcholine chloride as a hydrogen‐bond acceptor. The effect of molar ratio of the hydrogen‐bond acceptor and different hydrogen‐bond donor, temperature, and different hydrogen‐bond donors on NO absorption by acetylcholine chloride DESs was investigated systematically. The absorption experiment of NO by acetylcholine‐methyl urea DES at an absorption capacity of 0.119 (g NO/g DES) when the molar ratio of acetylcholine chloride to methyl urea was 1 : 2 at 30–40 °C. The absorption mechanism of NO by acetylcholine chloride DESs was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance combined with quantum chemical calculation. The results indicated that NO with acetylcholine‐methyl urea DESs by chemical absorption to form NONO structure, nitrogen‐oxygen double bonds (N=O), nitrogen‐oxygen single bonds (N−O), and nitrogen‐nitrogen single bonds (N−N). The simulation results showed that nitric oxide formed two hydrogen bonds with N atoms on methyl urea: C−N⋅⋅⋅N and O=N⋅⋅⋅N=O. Thermodynamic properties showed that the ▵rHom for NO absorption in acetylcholine‐chloride‐type DES was −15.39 kJ/mol, which was more efficient for NO absorption/desorption.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Chichibabin‐Type Coupling of Halo‐azaarenes with Grignard reagents
Authors: Jiang Qian , Fang Liang‐Qi , Li Yan‐Hui , Wang Jian , Li Jing‐Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA Chichibabin‐type coupling of halo‐azaarenes with Grignard reagents under transition‐metal‐free conditions is developed. The alkylation and arylation of azaarenes can be achieved by the reaction of Grignard reagents with azaarenium salts mediated by BTC/DMAP/DCM system. It has practical value for preparing functionalized azaarenes.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported TiO2 and P(ANI‐co‐IN) Nanocomposite for Environmental Remediation: Degradation of Dye Pollutants from Toxic Rhodamine B
Authors: Minisha Sivalingam , Rajakani Paramasivam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnvironmental remediation projects are becoming increasingly interested in polymers, transition‐metal oxides and graphene based nanocomposites as photocatalysts. To increase their effectiveness, they could be adjusted in conjunction with one another. A hierarchically organised nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide based TiO2 and copolymer (Aniline and Indole) (rGO/ TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN)), TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) and P(ANI‐co‐IN) has been synthesized by heterogeneous emulsion polymerization and is used as a catalyst for the degradation of the cationic Rhodamine (RhB) dye. Different analyses were used to characterize the resulting nanocomposites i. e. UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), Selected area (electron) diffraction (SAED) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DRS results revealed that the rGO/ TiO2/ P(ANI‐co‐IN) nanocomposites band gap decreased when compared to TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) and P(ANI‐co‐IN). Here, rGO/ TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) has outperformed every previous study on polymer/metal oxide/graphene‐based ternary nanocomposites, achieving 92 % RhB degradation within 80 min with a degradation rate constant of 0.032 min−1. The reusability of rGO/ TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) was run over five cycles which bought in only a small change which could be negligible. Overall, this research may make it easier to synthesise hierarchically organised ternary nanocomposites in the future, which might be used to improve photocatalysis and address environmental protection challenges.
Benzotiazole‐Based Colorimetric Chemosensor for the Effective Detection of Hazardous Cyanide Ions
Authors: Zavalishin Maksim N. , Kiselev Aleksei N. , Pechnikova Nadezhda L. , Shagalov Evgenii V. , Nikitin Gleb A. , Gamov George A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new hydrazone based on 5‐nitrofurfural and 2‐hydrazinobenzothiazole (L) was introduced as a colorimetric chemosensor for rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of CN− ions in aqueous media. The chemosensor L was characterized using spectral methods such as FT‐IR, 1H, 13C NMR, UV‐Vis, and mass spectrometry. The interaction of L with the CN− ion provides a marked color change from yellow to blue‐green or blue, depending on the concentration of cyanide ions. The change in colour as well as in absorption maxima make it possible to detect CN− ions with the naked eye. The detection limit of the chemosensor L is 0.26 μM, which is below the WHO limit for cyanide ions in drinking water. Other competing anions (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, SCN−, ClO3−, ClO4−, SO32−, H2PO4−, HSO4−, and NO3−) showed little effect on the detection of cyanide ions. Quantum chemical calculations confirm the recognition mechanism, which is based on the formation of a molecular complex of the −NH‐hydrazine fragment of the chemosensor L with cyanide ion. The chemosensor L applied on the paper and polymeric test strips can be used in experiments to detect cyanide ions in samples of drinking and river water.
On Redox Processes of Gold(III) Complexes with Biologically Important Thiols: Cysteine, Glutathione, Thiomalate
Authors: Mironov Igor V. , Kharlamova Viktoria Yu. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe interaction of a number of gold(III) complexes: Au(phen)X2+, Au(bipy)X2+ (X=Cl, OH, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline, bipy=2,2’‐bipyridile), Au(en)23+ and Au(dien)Cl2+ with anions of thiol‐containing acids (thiomalate, cysteine and glutathione) in an aqueous solution at pH 2.0 and 7.4, CNaCl=0.2 M was studied. In all cases, the products of gold(III) reduction were highly stable gold(I) thiolate complexes: polymeric Aum(RS)n or monomeric Au(RS)2, depending on the conditions. For bipy and phen complexes, the processes were fast and usually completed in less than 1 minute. For the complex with dien, the stage of inner‐sphere reduction was the slowest among the complexes under consideration. For this complex, at pH 7.4 and with a large excess of glutathione, the formation of a relatively long‐lived gold(III) complex was observed, which, according to MS data, has the composition Au(GSH)45–. At ordinary temperature, it decomposes by about 90 % in 20 hours. For other thiols, similar complexes are also formed, but the rate of their decomposition is about 10 times higher.
Investigation of Optoelectronic Properties of HfClBr Janus Monolayer under the Biaxial Strain Effect
Authors: Mezher Hamza A. , Al‐Attafi Kadhim , Obies Muhsen Almayyali Ali , Hamzawy Sameh , Ho Kim Jung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn general, the transition elements, including Hafnium (Hf), have become the focus of researchers′ attention, as when they combine with chalcogens and halides, they turn into semiconductors with distinct energy gaps. Moreover, chalcogens and halides are desirable in scientific research when forming layers or membranes. The Janus monolayer is unique two‐faced material composed of two different chemical species on opposite sides of a single layer. Herein, we use first‐principles simulations to thoroughly investigate the electrical and optical properties of this material. Our calculations reveal that the Bromochlorohafnium (HfClBr) Janus monolayer is an indirect semiconductor at equilibrium, with an energy gap of 0.928 eV and changing from 0.532 eV to 1.233 eV after applying the biaxial strain, as determined by the Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof (PBE) method. The results indicate that the Janus HfClBr monolayer has a competitive advantage over other materials for use in solar cells and energy storage devices due to its unique optical and electrical characteristics. Furthermore, our analysis showed that the optical and electrical characteristics of the Janus HfClBr monolayer are significantly impacted by biaxial strain, with the ability to absorb light in both the visible and ultraviolet spectral regions. Additionally, the first optical gap of the Janus HfClBr monolayer is found to be shiftable under the biaxial strain, suggesting potential applications in nano‐electronics, particularly in the field of solar cells.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of 4′‐α‐Fluoro‐methyl Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs
Authors: Singh Uma S. , Jones Ransom A. , Kothapalli Yugandhar , Mulamoottil Varughese A. , Wei Pingrong , Chu Chung K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe 4′ position modifications in carbocyclic nucleosides have not been investigated much as potential antiviral agents. Due to the higher ring strain and torsion of the cyclopentyl carbocyclic ring, it is not easy to carry out the modification at the 4′ position. Therefore, there is a need for a procedure that may tackle the synthesis of 4′ position substituted carbocyclic pentyl ring. In this communication, a stereoselective synthesis of 4′‐α‐fluoro‐methyl carbocyclic nucleosides has been reported. A stereoselective synthesis of the 4‐α‐fluoro‐methyl carbocyclic sugar moiety (16) was carried out via carbocyclic ketone 1. The oxidation of the 5‐methyl hydroxy of 9 followed by the aldol condensation gave a diol 11, which via selective protection followed by selective fluorination, yielded a MOM‐protected 4‐α‐fluoro‐methyl carbocyclic ring (16). Compound 16 served as a key intermediate for the synthesis of purines (21&24) and pyrimidine (28&31) nucleosides. The described synthesis may be utilized to construct the various 4′ position modified carbocyclic nucleos(t)ides for an elaborated structure‐activity relationship (SAR) as an antiviral and anticancer agent.
HAuCl4 Catalyzed and Dibenzyl amine Centered A3 coupling reaction: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Proofing and Anti‐microbial Efficacy
Authors: Gondaliya Bhumit L. , Kapadiya Khushal M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis research suggests an ideal method for synthesizing propargyl amine adducts by a three‐component condensation of dibenzyl amine (DBA), aldehyde, and phenylacetylene (known as A3 coupling reactions). The aimed synthesis was carried out using a gold catalyst, chlouro auric acid (HAuCl4) and compared with Cu(I) systems to check the involvement of metals to generate enantiomerically pure compounds (4 a–4 j). No major deactivation of the catalyst was observed after repeated use in a similar reaction system (>10 times). The derived motifs′ spectroscopic profiling (1H NMR, 13C NMR, APT, IR and MS) has confirmed the structural fragments in a single core. Moreover, the applications of the derived motifs confirmed the comparable antimicrobial activity in some selected Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial; and fungi strains. Our consequences show that the scaffolds 4 d and 4 i having 4‐F and 4‐NMe2 substitution in the araldehyde system exhibited potent antimicrobial activity in most used bacterial and fungi strains.
Scientific literacy: Its real origin story and functional role in American education
Authors: Rudolph John L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt has been widely accepted in the science education research community that scientific literacy as a concept and phrase was introduced by Paul deHart Hurd in 1958. Recent research into the origins of the phrase, however, has shown this to be incorrect. Its first published use can be traced back, in fact, to 1945, and the phrase was frequently invoked in popular and research publications throughout the 1940s and 1950s. Exploring the historical circumstances of the phrase's introduction into popular discourse, it is argued, reveals that despite the rhetorical power and widespread adoption of the idea, scientific literacy (as others have pointed out) has proven to be little more than an empty slogan that offers no substantive guidance for thinking about the goals of science education. This essay argues that rather than continue to cling to the idea, the field of science education can more productively consider the most relevant and appropriate goals of science teaching by dispensing with the concept altogether.
Sequential change‐point detection: Computation versus statistical performance
Authors: Wang Haoyun , Xie Yao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChange‐point detection studies the problem of detecting the changes in the underlying distribution of the data stream as soon as possible after the change happens. Modern large‐scale, high‐dimensional, and complex streaming data call for computationally (memory) efficient sequential change‐point detection algorithms that are also statistically powerful. This gives rise to a computation versus statistical power trade‐off, an aspect less emphasized in the past in classic literature. This tutorial takes this new perspective and reviews several sequential change‐point detection procedures, ranging from classic sequential change‐point detection algorithms to more recent non‐parametric procedures that consider computation, memory efficiency, and model robustness in the algorithm design. Our survey also contains classic performance analysis, which provides useful techniques for analyzing new procedures.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Models > Time Series Models
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Algorithms
Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Approaching EU Citizenship from the Perspective of Young People in the East Central European Double Periphery: Introduction
Authors: Lorenz Astrid , Anders Lisa H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractsWhat does it mean for young people in very remote areas of Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania to be citizens of the EU? What are the specific challenges faced by EU-related Youth Dialogue projects that aim at promoting active citizenship in these peripheral regions? What factors contribute to the success of these projects, and what can actors at the regional, national, and EU level do to promote active (EU) citizenship among youth beyond urban centres? In this introductory chapter, we explain the scientific and practical relevance of these questions that guide the contributions to this volume. We also discuss why remote areas in East Central Europe constitute a double periphery, why active citizenship among young people in these areas deserves more scholarly attention, how local living conditions might affect the perceptions and practices of EU citizenship, and how we collected the qualitative data for the analyses in this book. The concluding section provides an overview of the structure of the volume and its key findings.
Initiating a Structured Dialogue between Local Youth and Decision-Makers: The Mińsk Mazowiecki Youth Forum
Authors: Gawron Luca , Penzlin Lena Elisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter observes the participation project Youth Forum, which was funded by Erasmus+. It took place in the small Polish town Mińsk Mazowiecki conducted by Fundacja EBU. Despite Fundacja EBU’s engagement in EU-related topics and exchange programs, the NGO could not rely on existing networks among student councils while local decision-makers and the students were disconnected from each other. The goal of Youth Forum was to alter this situation. The chapter outlines the project regarding outcomes, success factors and problems. By achieving its main objectives of connecting youth and breaking barriers between the students and officials, Youth Forum set the foundation for future projects among the youth and further structured dialogue with decision-makers.
Promoting the Active Citizenship of Young People in Peripheral Regions: Recommendations for EU Key Players
Authors: Anders Lisa H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn light of the growing political disengagement of youth, this chapter presents four recommendations on how the Commission and the European Parliament can improve EU youth policies to promote the active citizenship of young people in peripheral regions. Firstly, given the central role that information plays for active citizenship, EU actors need to better tailor knowledge transfer to the needs of young people. Secondly, they need to enhance citizenship competences and political efficacy through meaningful local participation projects that are linked to the EU-level. Thirdly, to guarantee the long-lasting effect of these projects, EU actors should make project funding more reliable, for instance by extending funding periods or lowering the hurdles for follow-up projects. Last but not least, the inclusiveness of bottom-up dialogue formats needs to be further improved to make sure that the EU youth policy goals are connected to the diverse living conditions and needs of young people across the Union.
Notions of EU Citizenship Among Young People in the Peripheral Regions of East Central Europe
Authors: Vogel Lars , Will David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the notions of EU citizenship among young adults in the peripheral regions of East Central Europe (ECE). Based on structured interviews in five countries of the region with questions partially derived from the Eurobarometer, the results suggest that postmodern civic notions of EU citizenship are more prevalent among them than traditional ones. However, this notion is ambiguous given the students’ moderate level of attachment to the EU, their limited knowledge about EU legal rights defining citizenship, and their lack of actual experience in political participation. Traditional and postmodern notions are, however, equally compatible with political support for EU integration. Further, traditional notions of citizenship and lowered political support are not connected to the perceived peripheral status of one’s own region of living but to the perception of its superiority.