bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Controlling Nutritional Status Score in Advanced Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Lin Qin , Li Chen , Lin Xiaoxia , Lin Shuchun , Chen Wei , Chen Xiaoqiang , Huang Xiaoting , Wang Desheng 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the preoperative controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in patients with resectable advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study included 113 advanced hypopharyngeal cancer patients who underwent curative resection in our hospital from 2013 to 2017. The association between the CONUT score and clinicopathological variables was evaluated. The association between CONUT score and survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression. The efficacy of the CONUT score and other immune‐nutritional markers to predict prognosis was compared using a time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC).ResultsPatients were divided into the high‐CONUT score group (≥3) and the low‐CONUT score group (≤2) according to ROC analysis. The CONUT score was associated with body mass index (p = 0.047), monocyte (p = 0.021), pharyngocutaneous fistula (p = 0.045), flap repairment (p = 0.034), tumor (T) classification (p = 0.034), node (N) classification (p = 0.036), subsite of tumor (p = 0.035), and negative pathologic factors (p < 0.001). Tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, negative pathologic factors, adjuvant radiotherapy, postoperative chemoradiotherapy, and CONUT score were independent prognostic factors for survival. Patients with a higher CONUT score had worse overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio: 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–5.29, p = 0.002) and disease‐free survival (hazard ratio: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.28–4.91, p = 0.007). The area under the curve of the CONUT score (0.799) to predict 5‐year OS was greater than those of Preoperative Nutritional Index (0.769), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (0.643), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (0.565), and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (0.577).ConclusionThe CONUT score is a prognostic marker for patients with resectable advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:2613–2620, 2023
A conformal TOF–DOI Prism‐PET prototype scanner for high‐resolution quantitative neuroimaging
Authors: Zeng Xinjie , Wang Zipai , Tan Wanbin , Petersen Eric , Cao Xinjie , LaBella Andy , Boccia Anthony , Franceschi Dinko , de Leon Mony , Chiang Gloria Chia‐Yi , Qi Jinyi , Biegon Anat , Zhao Wei , Goldan Amir H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET) has had a transformative impact on oncological and neurological applications. However, still much of PET's potential remains untapped with limitations primarily driven by low spatial resolution, which severely hampers accurate quantitative PET imaging via the partial volume effect (PVE).PurposeWe present experimental results of a practical and cost‐effective ultra‐high resolution brain‐dedicated PET scanner, using our depth‐encoding Prism‐PET detectors arranged along a compact and conformal gantry, showing substantial reduction in PVE and accurate radiotracer uptake quantification in small regions.MethodsThe decagon‐shaped prototype scanner has a long diameter of 38.5 cm, a short diameter of 29.1 cm, and an axial field‐of‐view (FOV) of 25.5 mm with a single ring of 40 Prism‐PET detector modules. Each module comprises a 16 × 16 array of 1.5 × 1.5 × 20‐mm3lutetium yttrium oxyorthosillicate (LYSO) scintillator crystals coupled 4‐to‐1 to an 8 × 8 array of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels on one end and to a prismatoid light guide array on the opposite end. The scanner's performance was evaluated by measuring depth‐of‐interaction (DOI) resolution, energy resolution, timing resolution, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and image quality of ultra‐micro Derenzo and three‐dimensional (3D) Hoffman brain phantoms.ResultsThe full width at half maximum (FWHM) DOI, energy, and timing resolutions of the scanner are 2.85 mm, 12.6%, and 271 ps, respectively. Not considering artifacts due to mechanical misalignment of detector blocks, the intrinsic spatial resolution is 0.89‐mm FWHM. Point source images reconstructed with 3D filtered back‐projection (FBP) show an average spatial resolution of 1.53‐mm FWHM across the entire FOV. The peak absolute sensitivity is 1.2% for an energy window of 400−650 keV. The ultra‐micro Derenzo phantom study demonstrates the highest reported spatial resolution performance for a human brain PET scanner with perfect reconstruction of 1.00‐mm diameter hot‐rods. Reconstructed images of customized Hoffman brain phantoms prove that Prism‐PET enables accurate radiotracer uptake quantification in small brain regions (2–3 mm).ConclusionsPrism‐PET will substantially strengthen the utility of quantitative PET in neurology for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, and in neuro‐oncology for improved management of both primary and metastatic brain tumors.
Synergistic anti‐depressive effect of combination treatment of Brexpiprazole and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on forced swimming test in mice
Authors: Amada Naoki , Hirose Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Mikio , Kakumoto Yusuke , Futamura Takashi , Maeda Kenji , Kikuchi Tetsuro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder). In MDD treatment, SSRIs do not show remission in approximately 30% of patients, indicating a need for a better treatment option. Forced swimming test (FST) is a behavioral assay to evaluate depression‐like behavior and antidepressant efficacy in rodents. In the present study, we evaluated the combination effect of brexpiprazole with SSRIs on FST in mice, in order to investigate their synergistic effect.MethodsBrexpiprazole (0.003 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to mice 15 min before testing. Escitalopram (10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (75 mg/kg), paroxetine (10 mg/kg), or sertraline (15 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice 60 min before testing. Then, the mice were placed in water and immobility time was measured. Data from animals treated with escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline were pooled as SSRI‐treated group data.ResultsCombination treatment of brexpiprazole with SSRIs reduced immobility time in FST more than vehicle or each single treatment. A significant interaction effect was confirmed in the combination of brexpiprazole and SSRIs (p = 0.0411).ConclusionEfficacy of adjunctive brexpiprazole has already been demonstrated in clinical trials in MDD patients not adequately responding to antidepressants including escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline. The synergistic antidepressant‐like effect of brexpiprazole with SSRIs found in this study supports the already known clinical findings.
Adverse Effects of Antidepressant Medications and their Management in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Strawn Jeffrey R. , Mills Jeffrey A. , Poweleit Ethan A. , Ramsey Laura B. , Croarkin Paul E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and, to a lesser extent, serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for children and adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. These medications alleviate symptoms and restore function for many youths; however, they are associated with a distinct adverse effect profile, and their tolerability may complicate treatment or lead to discontinuation. Yet, SSRI/SNRI tolerability has received limited attention in the pediatric literature.MethodsThis review examines the early‐ (e.g., activation, gastrointestinal symptoms, sedation) and late‐emerging (e.g., weight gain) adverse effects of SSRIs and some SNRIs in pediatric patients.ResultsWe provide a framework for discussing SSRI/SNRI tolerability with patients and their families and describe the pharmacologic basis, course, and predictors of adverse events in youth. Strategies to address specific tolerability concerns are presented. For selected adverse events, using posterior simulation of mean differences over time, we describe their course based on Physical Symptom Checklist measures in a prospective, randomized trial of anxious youth aged 7–17 years who were treated with sertraline (n = 139) or placebo (n = 76) for 12 weeks in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS).Main ResultsIn CAMS, the relative severity/burden of total physical symptoms (p < 0.001), insomnia (p = 0.001), restlessness (p < 0.001), nausea (p = 0.002), abdominal pain (p < 0.001), and dry mouth (p = 0.024) decreased from baseline over 12 weeks of sertraline treatment, raising the possibility that these symptoms are transient. No significant changes were observed for sweating (p = 0.103), constipation (p = 0.241), or diarrhea (p = 0.489). Finally, we review the antidepressant withdrawal syndrome in children and adolescents and provide guidance for SSRI discontinuation, using pediatric pharmacokinetic models of escitalopram and sertraline—two of the most used SSRIs in youth.ConclusionSSRI/SNRIs are associated with both early‐emerging (often transient) and late‐emerging adverse effects in youth. Pharmacokinetically‐informed appraoches may address some adverse effects and inform SSRI/SNRI discontinuation strategies.
Recent advances in the solution self‐assembly of polypeptides
Authors: Cai Chunhua , Lin Jiaping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolypeptides derived from amino acids bridge the synthetic polymers and proteins, and they have attracted continuous attention on their properties and functionalities. In the past decades, the self‐assembly behavior of polypeptides has been widely studied, and diversities of assembly nanostructures have been observed. In this perspective, we focus on the recent advances in the solution self‐assembly of polypeptides from two aspects. One is new type driving forces for the polypeptide self‐assembly, including liquid crystallization of polypeptides and conformation variation of helical polypeptides. Another is novel preparation methods for the polypeptide self‐assembly, including supramolecular polymerization, substrate‐mediated self‐assembly, and polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA). In the end, we give a conclusion and outlook for the trends in the polypeptide solution self‐assembly.
P450‐mediated resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reduces the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments in Brassica napus
Authors: Kirkland Lisa S , Chirgwin Evatt , Ward Samantha E , Congdon Benjamin S , van Rooyen Anthony , Umina Paul A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prophylactic use of seeds treated with neonicotinoid insecticides remains an important means of controlling aphid pests in canola (Brassica napus) crops in many countries. Yet, one of the most economically important aphid species worldwide, the peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae), has evolved mechanisms which confer resistance to neonicotinoids, including amplification of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6CY3. While CYP6CY3 amplification has been associated with low‐level resistance to several neonicotinoids in laboratory acute toxicity bioassays, its impact on insecticide efficacy in the field remains unresolved. In this study, we investigated the impact of CYP6CY3 amplification on the ability of M. persicae to survive neonicotinoid exposure under laboratory and semi‐field conditions.RESULTSThree M. persicae clones, possessing different copy numbers of CYP6CY3, were shown to respond differently when exposed to the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, in laboratory bioassays. Two clones, EastNaernup209 and Osborne171, displayed low levels of resistance (3–20‐fold), which is consistent with previous studies. However, in a large‐scale semi‐field trial, both clones showed a surprising ability to survive and reproduce on B. napus seedlings grown from commercial rates of neonicotinoid‐treated seed. In contrast, an insecticide‐susceptible clone, of wild‐type CYP6CY3 copy number, was unable to survive on seedlings treated in the same manner.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that amplification of CYP6CY3 in M. persicae clones substantially impairs the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments when applied to B. napus. These findings highlight the potentially important real‐world implications of resistances typically considered to be ‘low level’ as defined through laboratory bioassays. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Bayesian PBPK modeling using R/Stan/Torsten and Julia/SciML/Turing.Jl
Authors: Elmokadem Ahmed , Zhang Yi , Knab Timothy , Jordie Eric , Gillespie William R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhysiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are mechanistic models that are built based on an investigator's prior knowledge of the in vivo system of interest. Bayesian inference incorporates an investigator's prior knowledge of parameters while using the data to update this knowledge. As such, Bayesian tools are well‐suited to infer PBPK model parameters using the strong prior knowledge available while quantifying the uncertainty on these parameters. This tutorial demonstrates a full population Bayesian PBPK analysis framework using R/Stan/Torsten and Julia/SciML/Turing.jl.
The migration speed of nucleolar precursor bodies in pronuclei affects in vitro fertilization‐derived human embryo ploidy status and live birth
Authors: Inoue Taketo , Taguchi Sayumi , Uemura Mikiko , Tsujimoto Yoshiko , Kokunai Kana , Ikawa Kayoe , Yamashita Yoshiki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo study the relationship between clinical outcomes after assisted reproduction and the migration speed of nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs) in male and female pronuclei (mPN; fPN).MethodsNPB migration speed, embryo ploidy status, and live birth (LB) were retrospectively analyzed in IVF‐derived zygotes. The central coordinates of the mPN, fPN, and NPBs were noted at multiple timepoints. The migration distance of NPBs between two sequential images was measured to calculate NPB migration speed.ResultsThe NPB migration speeds in mPN and fPN were significantly faster in euploid zygotes than in aneuploid zygotes. In multivariate logistic analysis, NPB migration speed in mPN and the female age were associated with euploidy. The NPB migration speeds in mPN and fPN were also significantly faster in zygotes that led to LB than in zygotes that led to no pregnancy. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of LB by NPB migration speed in mPN, the cut‐off value was 3.74 μm/h (AUC: 0.825, 95%CI: 0.688–0.963). When the zygotes were categorized by this cut‐off value, there were significantly more LBs in zygotes with migration speed ≥ the cut‐off (78.9% vs. 21.1%).ConclusionsZygotes with quickly migrating NPBs demonstrated the developmental potential to become a baby.
Investigation of stage‐discharge model performance for streamflow estimating: A case study of the Gono River, Japan
Authors: Maghrebi Mahmoud F. , Vatanchi Sajjad M. , Kawanisi Kiyosi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn water resource studies, long‐term measurements of river streamflow are essential. They allow us to observe trends and natural cycles and are prerequisites for hydraulic and hydrology models. This paper presents a new application of the stage‐discharge rating curve model introduced by Maghrebi et al. (2016) to estimate continuous streamflow along the Gono River, Japan. The proposed method, named single stage‐discharge (SSD) method, needs only one observed data to estimate the continuous streamflow. However, other similar methods require more than one observational data to fit the curve. The results of the discharge estimation by the SSD are compared with the improved fluvial acoustic tomography system (FATS), conventional rating curve (RC), and flow‐area rating curve (FARC). Some statistical indicators, such as the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), percent bias (PBAIS), mean absolute error (MAE), and Kling‐Gupta efficiency (KGE), are used to assess the performance of the proposed model. ADCP data are used as a benchmark for comparing four studied models. As a result of the comparison, the SSD method outperformed of FATS method. Also, the three studied RC methods were highly accurate at estimating streamflow if all observed data were used in calibration. However, if the observed data in calibration was reduced, the SSD method by R2 = 0.99, RMSE = 2.83 (m3/s), PBIAS = 0.715(%), MAE = 2.30 (m3/s), and KGE = 0.972 showed the best performance compared to other methods. It can be summarized that the SSD method is the feasible method in the data‐scarce region and delivers a strong potential for streamflow estimation.
Doing epistemic justice in sustainable development: Applying the philosophical concept of epistemic injustice to the real world
Authors: Cummings Sarah , Dhewa Charles , Kemboi Gladys , Young Stacey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOriginally conceptualized by the philosopher, Miranda Fricker, epistemic injustice—unfair treatment of individuals and groups in knowledge‐related and communicative practices—is increasingly being employed to delineate individual and collective injustice in healthcare, information sciences, education and sustainable development. Embedded in many other forms of social injustice and inequality, epistemic injustice is a particularly serious problem for sustainable development, undermining the global community's ability to deal with ‘wicked’ problems. Building on the more conceptually developed, philosophical framework of epistemic injustice and recent research from other fields, this article develops a holistic action‐oriented framework of epistemic justice, namely fair treatment in knowledge‐related and communicative practices, for sustainable development and beyond. It also adds to the current framework of individual and collective injustice by including a range of new insights on structural and systemic epistemic injustice, such as linguistic injustice and epistemicide.
Nitrogen‐Doped and Sulfonated Carbon Dots as a Multifunctional Additive to Realize Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Tian‐Bing , Huang Zun‐Hui , Zhang Xi‐Rong , Ni Jia‐Wen , Xiong Huan‐Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) using the Zn metal anode have been considered as one of the next‐generation commercial batteries with high security, robust capacity, and low price. However, parasitic reactions, notorious dendrites and limited lifespan still hamper their practical applications. Herein, an eco‐friendly nitrogen‐doped and sulfonated carbon dots (NSCDs) is designed as a multifunctional additive for the cheap aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte, which can overcome the above difficulties effectively. The abundant polar groups (‐COOH, ‐OH, ‐NH2, and ‐SO3H) on the CDs surfaces can regulate the solvation structure of Zn2+ through decreasing the coordinated active H2O molecules, and thus redistribute Zn2+ deposition to avoid side reactions. Some of the negatively charged NSCDs are adsorbed on Zn anode surface to isolate the H2O/SO42‐ corrosion through the electrostatic shielding effect. The synergistic effect of the doped nitrogen species and the surface sulfonic groups can induce a uniform electrolyte flux and a homogeneous Zn plating with a (002) texture. As a result, the excellent cycle life (4000 h) and Coulombic efficiency (99.5%) of the optimized ZIBs are realized in typical ZnSO4 electrolytes with only 0.1 mg mL‐1 of NSCDs additive.
Variational Convolutional Autoencoders for Anomaly Detection in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Prifti Enea , Buban James P. , Thind Arashdeep Singh , Klie Robert F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIdentifying point defects and other structural anomalies using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is important to understand a material's properties caused by the disruption of the regular pattern of crystal lattice. Due to improvements in instrumentation stability and electron optics, atomic‐resolution images with a field of view of several hundred nanometers can now be routinely acquired at 1–10 Hz frame rates and such data, which often contain thousands of atomic columns, need to be analyzed. To date, image analysis is performed largely manually, but recent developments in computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) now enable automated analysis of atomic structures and associated defects. Here, the authors report on how a Convolutional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) can be utilized to detect structural anomalies in atomic‐resolution STEM images. Specifically, the training set is limited to perfect crystal images , and the performance of a CVAE in differentiating between single‐crystal bulk data or point defects is demonstrated. It is found that the CVAE can reproduce the perfect crystal data but not the defect input data. The disagreesments between the CVAE‐predicted data for defects allows for a clear and automatic distinction and differentiation of several point defect types.
Functionalized Fullerene for Inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants
Authors: Page Taylor M. , Nie Chuanxiong , Neander Lenard , Povolotsky Tatyana L. , Sahoo Anil Kumar , Nickl Philip , Adler Julia M. , Bawadkji Obida , Radnik Jörg , Achazi Katharina , Ludwig Kai , Lauster Daniel , Netz Roland R. , Trimpert Jakob , Kaufer Benedikt , Haag Rainer , Donskyi Ievgen S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs virus outbreaks continue to pose a challenge, a nonspecific viral inhibitor can provide significant benefits, especially against respiratory viruses. Polyglycerol sulfates recently emerge as promising agents that mediate interactions between cells and viruses through electrostatics, leading to virus inhibition. Similarly, hydrophobic C60 fullerene can prevent virus infection via interactions with hydrophobic cavities of surface proteins. Here, two strategies are combined to inhibit infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in vitro. Effective inhibitory concentrations in the millimolar range highlight the significance of bare fullerene's hydrophobic moiety and electrostatic interactions of polysulfates with surface proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2. Furthermore, microscale thermophoresis measurements support that fullerene linear polyglycerol sulfates interact with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus via its spike protein, and highlight importance of electrostatic interactions within it. All‐atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the fullerene binding site is situated close to the receptor binding domain, within 4 nm of polyglycerol sulfate binding sites, feasibly allowing both portions of the material to interact simultaneously.