bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence That Ultrafast Nonquantal Transmission Underlies Synchronized Vestibular Action Potential Generation
Authors: Pastras Christopher J. , Curthoys Ian S. , Asadnia Mohsen , McAlpine David , Rabbitt Richard D. , Brown Daniel J. 
Published: September 2023

Amniotes evolved a unique postsynaptic terminal in the inner ear vestibular organs called the calyx that receives both quantal and nonquantal (NQ) synaptic inputs from Type I sensory hair cells. The nonquantal synaptic current includes an ultrafast component that has been hypothesized to underlie the exceptionally high synchronization index (vector strength) of vestibular afferent neurons in response to sound and vibration. Here, we present three lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that nonquantal transmission is responsible for synchronized vestibular action potentials of short latency in the guinea pig utricle of either sex. First, synchronized vestibular nerve responses are unchanged after administration of the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX, while auditory nerve responses are completely abolished. Second, stimulus evoked vestibular nerve compound action potentials (vCAP) are shown to occur without measurable synaptic delay and three times shorter than the latency of auditory nerve compound action potentials (cCAP), relative to the generation of extracellular receptor potentials. Third, paired-pulse stimuli designed to deplete the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles in hair cells reveal forward masking in guinea pig auditory cCAPs, but a complete lack of forward masking in vestibular vCAPs. Results support the conclusion that the fast component of nonquantal transmission at calyceal synapses is indefatigable and responsible for ultrafast responses of vestibular organs evoked by transient stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mammalian vestibular system drives some of the fastest reflex pathways in the nervous system, ensuring stable gaze and postural control for locomotion on land. To achieve this, terrestrial amniotes evolved a large, unique calyx afferent terminal which completely envelopes one or more presynaptic vestibular hair cells, which transmits mechanosensory signals mediated by quantal and nonquantal (NQ) synaptic transmission. We present several lines of evidence in the guinea pig which reveals the most sensitive vestibular afferents are remarkably fast, much faster than their auditory nerve counterparts. Here, we present neurophysiological and pharmacological evidence that demonstrates this vestibular speed advantage arises from ultrafast NQ electrical synaptic transmission from Type I hair cells to their calyx partners.
Interconnections assessment of banking capitalization with macroeconomic stability, including corruption and shadow economy
Authors: Didenko Iryna , Yefimenko Alina 
Published: September 2023

The research focuses on bank capitalization and macroeconomic stability, including corruption and the shadow economy. A well-capitalized banking system and a low corruption level are important for maintaining macroeconomic stability and reducing the size of the shadow economy. The paper is aimed at assessing the relationship between bank capitalization and macroeconomic stability, which includes corruption and shadow economy through canonical analysis. The research is conducted on the basis of financial and economic reporting of 35 countries with different levels of socio-economic development during 2010–2021 based on data from the World Bank and the European Central Bank. The main input blocks macroeconomic stability – corruption – shadow economy are characterized.
During the research, the following tools were used:
– methods of grouping, analysis and comparison in determining the characteristics of the elements of the chain «level of capitalization of the banking system – macroeconomic stability – corruption – shadow economy»;
– factor analysis by applying the method of principal components in the selection of statistically significant indicators of the bank capitalization level and macroeconomic stability.
The quantitative assessment of the bank capitalization level revealed the following dependencies: there is a strong correlation between return on assets and the level of non-performing loans, return on assets and return on equity. Using the principal components method, the following statistically significant indicators of macroeconomic stability were identified: GDP, Gini index, corruption perception index, corruption control index, and political stability index.
Research, based on the canonical analysis, determined that 71.1% of changes in macroeconomic stability indicators are explained by fluctuations in the level of bank capitalization. The level of non-performing loans has a negative impact on macroeconomic stability, while the volatility of return on assets and return on equity has a greater positive impact on the development of the country's economy.
The obtained results can be used by banks in the development of their resource and management policies, in the analysis of the volatility of capitalization level, by state bodies in the development of national policies of the country's economic development.
GIS based soil erosion assessment using the USLE model for efficient land management: A case study in an area with diverse pedo-geomorphological and bioclimatic characteristics
Authors: SESTRAS Paul , MIRCEA Sevastel , ROȘCA Sanda , BILAȘCO Ștefan , SĂLĂGEAN Tudor , DRAGOMIR Lucian O. , HERBEI Mihai V. , BRUMA Simion , SABOU Catalin , MARKOVIĆ Rastko , KADER Shuraik 
Published: September 2023

The complex environmental process of soil erosion is crucial to sustainable land management and conservation. This study uses the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model to understand the intricate interactions that cause soil erosion in Cluj County, Romania, a region susceptible to complex erosion and landslide phenomenon. The established analysis depicts erosion patterns from localised hotspots to regions of relative stability, providing valuable insights into this critical issue. Spatial distribution maps with color-coded gradients show soil erosion risk and identify vulnerable regions, with temporal investigations depicting how environmental changes affect soil erosion, making it relevant to soil conservation and land management. A careful analysis of the USLE model's parameters (Ls, Cs, C, S, K) shows their soil erosion contributions. The erosion rates were graded in five classes in accordance to general practices of USLE modelling, which range from very-low, low, moderate, high and very-high susceptibility to soil erosion. While a significant majority of the county’s surface is represented by very-low and low erosion risk, several hotspots were identified with intense erosion processes that highlights the critical need to implement soil conservation measures in the area. Identifying erosion hotspots and conservation solutions encourages stakeholders to protect soils, and can provide policymakers with useful information for developing improved guidelines for soil and water conservation.
Micropropagation of autochthonous olive varieties from Türkiye
Authors: CIFTCI Zeliha , SAKAR Ebru , ERCISLI Sezai , ODABASIOGLU Mehmet Ilhan , ZEJAK Dejan , SPALEVIC Velibor 
Published: September 2023

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated fruit species in the world. Fruits and oils of autocthonous olive varieties (native Turkish olive varieties) with unique sensory properties (taste, smell and aroma) gain importance recently. Particularly olive oil companies looking for varieties that have distinct taste, smell and aroma in their oil. Propagation of olive varieties by cuttings and grafting is very difficult and expensive, therefore it is important to find solution for easy and mass propagation. Micropropagation is particularly beneficial to propagate plants that are difficult to reproduce conventionally or to ensure virus-free plants or plants with particular qualities. In this study, in vitro micropropagation success of two autocthonous olive varieties (‘Mavi’ and ‘Guleki’) grown in the origin center of olive, Southeast Anatolia, Türkiye was investigated. Both varieties, have distinct smell, taste and aroma and are difficult to root by cuttings. The effects of three different medium OM (Olive Medium), WPM (Woody Plant Medium) and DKW (Driver-Kuniyuki Walnut Medium) and two different growth regulators BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and Zeatin on shoot induction (proliferation) in the in vitro micropropagation of the olive varieties were examined. Obtained shoots were later subjected to in vitro rooting and acclimatization. The highest proliferation efficiency and shoot length for both varieties were obtained with the use of 1 mg Zeatin+0.1 mg GAɜ hormone combinations on OM medium. ‘Mavi’ variety formed more roots compared to ‘Guleki’ (3.33 vs. 2.75 per shoots), and gave the highest rooting rate of 74.33% with 2 mg IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) treatment on ½ OM medium. In terms of rooting rate, Guleki gave the highest rooting (100%) on medium containing ½ OM, 0.2 mg GA3 and 4 mg IBA. 60% and 75% of the micropropagated plants of ‘Mavi’ and ‘Guleki’ varieties adapted well to the external conditions.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): Epilepsy and ADHD
Authors: Besag Frank , Gobbi Giuseppe , Caplan Rochelle , Sillanpää Matti , Aldenkamp Albert , Dunn David W. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTADHD occurs in about 30% of children with epilepsy. The causes of ADHD features include some antiepileptic drugs, the epilepsy itself and underlying brain dysfunction. Management of the ADHD will depend on the cause. Treatment with methylphenidate is effective in about 70% of cases; standard treatments with methylphenidate, dexamfetamine and atomoxetine are very unlikely to exacerbate seizures.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): Epilepsy and Autism
Authors: Besag Frank , Aldenkamp Albert , Caplan Rochelle , Dunn David W. , Gobbi Giuseppe , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTA high proportion of children with epilepsy have autism spectrum disorder. Although estimates vary, depending both on the population studied and the definitions used, a figure of around 20% has typically been reported. Autism can have a major impact on the life of the child and family. Despite the importance of this comorbidity and although many studies have been performed, a full understanding of the possible links between epilepsy and autism remains elusive. In a minority of cases, for example in the Landau‐Kleffner syndrome, the autistic features can be the result of the epilepsy itself. However, there has been a failure to demonstrate that the epilepsy itself plays a major role in most cases. The current evidence seems to point to a common underlying predisposing factor. The discovery of a growing number of genetic defects leading to both conditions would support this explanation of the link.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): Anxiety, depression and childhood epilepsy
Authors: Dunn David W. , Besag Frank , Caplan Rochelle , Aldenkamp Albert , Gobbi Giuseppe , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTAnxiety and depression are relatively common in children with epilepsy: anxiety has been reported in 15–36% and depression in 8–35% of patients. In some cases these conditions may be related specifically to the epilepsy or its treatment. For example, some antiepileptic drugs are known to be associated with depression in adults and are likely to have a similar effect in young people. Emotional reactions to the epilepsy, for example anxieties and social phobia related specifically to the seizures, might be expected and require appropriate management. However, there is a growing recognition of the bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders, including depression, largely based on adult data. Cognitive behavioural therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used for treatment of both anxiety and depression in children with epilepsy. There is a need for greater understanding of the causes of these conditions in young people and there is also a need for better evidence for optimal treatment.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): Adverse cognitive and behavioural effects of antiepileptic drugs in children
Authors: Aldenkamp Albert , Besag Frank , Gobbi Giuseppe , Caplan Rochelle , Dunn David W. , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe literature was evaluated for cognitive and more general behavioural effects. We distinguished the older antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), from the newer and newest AEDs. The striking finding was the lack of information on children. From the available evidence it would appear that there may be negative cognitive effects with phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate and zonisamide, and adverse behavioural effects with phenobarbital, valproate, gabapentin, topiramate, levetiracetam and zonisamide. There is inconclusive data on ethosuximide, clobazam, vigabatrin, felbamate, pregabalin, stiripentol, rufinamide, lacosamide and retigabine. The following drugs appear to be neutral with regard to cognitive effects: valproate, carbamazepine, gabapentin and oxcarbazepine. Carbamazepine appears to be neutral with regard to behavioural effects. Positive cognitive effects have been reported with lamotrigine and levetiracetam. Positive behavioural effects have been reported with lamotrigine. Recommendations are provided.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): When should pharmacotherapy for psychiatric/behavioural disorders in children with epilepsy be prescribed?
Authors: Besag Frank , Aldenkamp Albert , Caplan Rochelle , Dunn David W. , Gobbi Giuseppe , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe most important factor in deciding whether psychotropic medication should be prescribed is a meticulous assessment of the possible causes of the behavioural/psychiatric disturbance. This assessment should include a consideration of the possible roles of the epilepsy itself, treatment of the epilepsy, associated brain damage or dysfunction, reactions to the epilepsy and causes that are unrelated to the epilepsy or its treatment. If the epilepsy itself or antiepileptic drug treatment are responsible for the disorder then a review of antiepileptic medication is required. Contrary to popular myth, most psychotropic medications are not contraindicated in children with epilepsy. Treatment with methylphenidate, dexamfetamine, atomoxetine, clonidine or low‐dose risperidone are unlikely to precipitate seizures. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors might protect against seizures but some of these are powerful enzyme inhibitors, implying that careful monitoring to avoid antiepileptic drug toxicity is recommended. In many cases, the appropriate approach will be through other interventions such as behavioural management or providing the young person with empowering strategies, implying that psychotropic pharmacotherapy should not be the first‐line treatment. However, if assessment indicates that psychotropic medication is necessary, it can be of great benefit.
Representaciones sociales del cambio climático en futuros profesores de ciencias: una mirada desde la perspectiva freireana
Authors: Pérez Mesa María Rocío , Porras Contreras Yair Alexander 
Published: September 2023

La consideración del cambio climático como un tema prioritario en las agendas internacionales, revela el escenario de crisis al que se enfrenta la humanidad, particularmente frente a la fragilidad de la vida y la incertidumbre frente al futuro del planeta. Este período de riesgo caracterizado por la globalización, el culto al hedonismo y la instalación de una racionalidad instrumental, ha incentivado un análisis sobre el papel de la educación en un mundo que ha incrementado las brechas económicas, sociales y culturales. El movimiento emancipatorio que se derivó de este panorama de crisis, tuvo en Paulo Freire a una de sus figuras centrales quien promovió una reflexión sobre el papel de la educación como praxis de la libertad, en tiempos de desigualdades sociales. El propósito del presente artículo consiste en reconocer las representaciones sociales sobre el cambio climático de un grupo de futuros profesores de Biología de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (upn), tomando como referente las ideas de Freire y el análisis prototípico y categorial, desde la perspectiva estructural. En los resultados prevalecen explicaciones que refrendan las causas antrópicas del cambio climático y la necesidad de fomentar una formación científica crítica para promover la transformación de la realidad ambiental y propiciar una reflexión sobre los procesos de formación de profesores de ciencias en el contexto de la crisis ambiental global.
El propósito del presente artículo consiste en reconocer las representaciones sociales sobre el cambio climático de un grupo de futuros profesores de Biología de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (UPN), tomando como referente las ideas de Freire y el análisis prototípico y categorial, desde la perspectiva estructural. En los resultados prevalecen explicaciones que refrendan las causas antrópicas del cambio climático y la necesidad de fomentar una formación científica crítica para promover la transformación de la realidad ambiental y propiciar una reflexión sobre los procesos de formación de profesores de ciencias en el contexto de la crisis ambiental global.
Complex Crustal Deformation Controlled by the 3D Geometry of the Chile Subduction Zone
Authors: Herrera Marco T. , Crempien Jorge G. F. , Cembrano José 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The Chilean subduction zone hosts Mw&gt;8 earthquakes, which could trigger earthquakes on crustal faults located along the plate margin. Using synthetic earthquakes from a quasi-dynamic boundary element method model, we obtain traction fields and perform a slip tendency analysis to obtain synthetic faults, which we compare with existing potentially seismogenic crustal faults. With our results, we find geometric patterns of the highest slip tendency planes with deformations induced by synthetic subduction events, such that north of the rupture area of each event, correlate with normal N20°W–50°W/N60°SW fault planes, and to the south, correlate with normal N30°E–80°E/N60°NW faults planes. These observations agree with observed fault traces in central and northern Chile, and past observations of crustal fault reactivation.
GNSS-Constrained Rupture Kinematics of the 2022 Mw 6.7 Luding, China, Earthquake: Directivity Pulse during the Asymmetrical Bilateral Rupture
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhao Bin , Xu Rui , Qiao Xuejun , Liu Chengli , Li Yu , Lin Mu , Zhao Xinyu , Nie Zhaosheng , Xiong Wei , Fang Rongxin , Wang Qi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Impulse motion characterized by a large amplitude in the fault-normal direction can be observed at near-fault strong motion sites during strike-slip earthquakes. The large pulse, which always causes high intensity and stronger damage to structures close to faults, is usually attributed to the directivity effect of rupture propagating along strike and the proximity to the fault. We present an analysis of such a large directivity pulse captured by the near-fault high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) during the 2022 Mw 6.7 Luding, China, earthquake—the largest event ever observed by space geodesy on the seismically active Xianshuihe fault in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We invert the displacement waveforms and offsets derived from the continuous and campaign GNSS for the rupture kinematics. The inferred slip model reveals a rupture zone of 30 km in length above 15 km depth along the Moxi segment, yielding a seismic moment of 1.1×1019  N·m and a source duration of 13 s. The high-rate GNSS (hrGNSS) waveforms suggest an asymmetric bilateral rupture: most slips with long rise time are concentrated on the southern part of the ruptured fault, whereas a short-duration pulse-like slip rate with low final slip propagates during the northward rupture. We found that the directivity pulse observed by the nearest hrGNSS site is controlled primarily by the sharp pulse-like slip rate and rapid rupture velocity approximating the local S-wave velocity. Along with additional local amplification, this large directivity pulse may be responsible for the heavy damage in Moxi town close to the northern ruptured fault.
SimplETAS: A Benchmark Earthquake Forecasting Model Suitable for Operational Purposes and Seismic Hazard Analysis
Authors: Mancini Simone , Marzocchi Warner 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is the most effective mathematical description of the short-term space–time earthquake clustering. However, the use of such a model is sometimes hampered by the difficulty in estimating the high number of its unknown correlated parameters. Moreover, the most recent ETAS formulations introduce the space–time variability of some parameters that makes their estimation even more arduous. Here, we investigate the model in an opposite perspective, looking for the simplest ETAS parameterization that can satisfactorily describes the earthquake clustering in crustal tectonic regions; we named this model simplETAS. We show that simplETAS calibrated with the Italian seismicity of the last decades adequately describes the space–time occurrence of the out-of-sample largest earthquakes in the instrumental and historical catalog, confirming the validity of the assumptions made to build the model. Owing to its simplicity, simplETAS is easily applicable in most regions, and it has some important properties that are worth being remarked. First, simplETAS can be used as a benchmark model to assess the relative predictive skill of more complex earthquake forecasts. Second, it may be used for operational earthquake forecasting purposes in regions with limited earthquake catalogs. Third, it provides a straightforward, flexible, and effective approach to generate synthetic earthquake catalogs of variable length to be implemented in seismic hazard and risk analysis, overcoming all the declustering-related problems and the controversial Poisson assumption.