bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of inundation maps along East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia due to predicted seaquake from Manila Trench
Authors: Aziz Afif Fitri , Mardi Nurul Hani , Abdul Malek Marlinda , Teh Su Yean , Wil Mohd Azwan , Shuja Abd Halim , Ahmed Ali Najah , Kumar Pavitra , Sherif Mohsen , Elshafie Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoastal zone has high value of socioeconomic activities. The number of developments and activities at the coastal areas of various sectors has increased day by day. Tsunami hazard is classified as one of the most devastating natural disasters that cause destruction along the coastal areas resulted to human fatalities. There are many causes of tsunami, but the most common is due to earthquake in the ocean. Previously recognised as a safe zone from natural disasters of tsunami, Malaysia was confronted by a rude awakening of the 2004 Andaman tsunami, causing a total loss of 68 lives. However, the potential impacts of tsunamis towards Malaysia coastal areas, especially at East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, have not been explored extensively. This study, therefore, is critical and pertinent. It aims to investigate the potential seismic activities that generate tsunami occurrences affecting East Coast Peninsular Malaysia. This study further simulates Manila Trench earthquake-induced tsunami at various earthquake intensities, namely Mw 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0, by using TUNA model. Results obtained from this study indicated that tsunami wave generated by Manila Trench earthquake at Mw 9.0 resulted to the highest disastrous effects towards East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Findings from this study have established that Kelantan will experience the highest inundation depth at 4.0 m in Pasir Puteh with the highest inland inundation distance at 5.5 km in Bachok. Besides that, Terengganu will experience the highest inundation depth at 6.0 m in Kuala Terengganu with the highest inland inundation distance at 6.0 km also in Kuala Terengganu. In Pahang, the highest inundation depth at 4.5 m with the highest inland inundation distance at 3.3 km is anticipated to experience in Pekan, while in Johor, the highest inundation depth at 1.2 m with the highest inland inundation distance at 0.4 km is anticipated to experience in Mersing. On the other hand, Mw 8.0 and 7.0 earthquake was expected to be insignificant upon arriving at the coastal areas. Mitigation measures and evacuation plans can be effectively planned as findings obtained from this study are able to provide vital information on the possibilities of tsunami waves occurrences to overcome massive losses of properties and life.
Water quality assessment of the Nam River, Korea, using multivariate statistical analysis and WQI
Authors: Kwon H. G. , Jo C. D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) is performed based on major variables reflecting the river characteristics. We evaluated the water quality of tributaries of the Nam River in South Korea. We analyzed the tributaries spatial characteristics using cluster analyses and selected the main water quality variables (Cluster 1: chemical oxygen demand [COD], total organic carbon [TOC], total nitrogen, and total phosphorus; Cluster 2: water temperature [WT], dissolved oxygen [DO], COD, and TOC; Cluster 3: WT, DO, electrical conductance, COD, and TOC) of the clustered rivers. The WQI for each tributary was calculated using variables selected post statistical analysis. We verified that the WQI calculated in this study was similar to the annual change in water quality of the target river. Finally, it was analyzed that performing river water quality evaluation using the major variables selected using statistical analysis reflects the current water quality status of the river in more detail. (WQI grade was S1 Good (63.0), S2 Poor (53.3), S3 Excellent (98.4), S4 Poor (48.4), S5 (Excellent (100.0), S6 Good (77.6), S7 Good (76.2), S8 Good (76.5), S9 Good (69.9), S10 Excellent (81.5), S11 Good (71.2), S12 Good (63.1), and S13 Good (63.5).) Our method effectively reduced the number of variables required for index calculation compared with WQI methods of the MOE. Further, the reduced number of variables simplified the analysis process, reduced analysis time, and enabled water quality assessment that reflected the water quality characteristics of the river to be evaluated.
Multiscale soft computing-based model of shear strength of steel fibre-reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Alzabeebee Saif , Al‑Hamd Rwayda Kh. S. , Nassr Ali , Kareem Mohammed , Keawsawasvong Suraparb 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConcrete is weak in tension, so steel fibres are added to the concrete members to increase shear capability. The shear capacity of steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams is crucial when building reinforced concrete structures. Creating a precise equation to determine the shear resistance of SFRC beams is challenging since many factors can influence the shear capacity of these beams. In addition, the precision available equations to predict the shear capacity are examined. The current research aims to examine the available equations and propose novel and more accurate model to predict the shear capacity of SFRC beams. An innovative evolutionary polynomial regression analysis (EPR- MOGA) is utilized to propose the new equation. The proposed equation offered improved prediction and increased accuracy compared to available equations, where it scored a lower mean absolute error ($$\mathrm{MAE}$$
MAE
) and root mean square error ($$\mathrm{RMSE}$$
RMSE
), a mean ($$\mu$$
μ
) close to the optimum value of 1.0 and a higher coefficient of determination ($${R}^{2}$$

R

2

) when a comparison with literature was conducted. Therefore, the new equation can be employed to assure more resilient and optimized design calculations due to their improved performance.
Kinetic Alfvén waves and auroral particle acceleration: a review
Authors: Lysak R. L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShear mode Alfvén waves are the carriers of field-aligned currents in the auroral zones of Earth and other planets. These waves travel along the magnetic field lines, coupling the outer magnetosphere with the ionosphere. However, in ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory, the shear mode Alfvén wave does not carry a parallel electric field that could accelerate auroral particles. This can be modified by including kinetic effects, which lead to a parallel electric field when the perpendicular wavelength becomes comparable to the electron inertial length or the ion acoustic gyroradius. These small perpendicular wavelengths can be formed by phase mixing, ionospheric feedback, or nonlinear effects. Kinetic Alfvén waves are further constrained by their interaction with the ionosphere, which acts as a reflector for these waves. In addition, the strong plasma gradients in the topside ionosphere form an effective resonator that leads to fluctuations on time scales of seconds. These rapidly changing parallel electric fields can lead to broadband acceleration of auroral electrons, often called the Alfvénic aurora. Such interactions do not only take place in Earth’s magnetosphere, but have also been observed in Jupiter’s magnetosphere by the Juno satellite.
Racism and Indifference in Brazil: Anti-indigenous Text, Action, and Sensibility
Authors: Ioris Antonio Augusto Rossotto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe article investigates how racist trends have permeated Brazilian history and geography. It discusses the persistence of racism and indifference in the early post-independence and republic periods. Past relations continued to systematically impact the present in an always unfinished process of nation-building based on spurious treatments of socio-spatial differences. The discussion makes use of emblematic literature books and controversial interpretations of progress and national identity. One of the most relevant examples of the contested basis of national development, examined in the second part of the text, is the trajectory of indigenous peoples. The main reference is the Guarani-Kaiowa indigenous nation, which has been relentlessly impacted by an aggressive instrumentalisation of difference through the indifference of an agribusiness-based regional society. Their contemporary experience exposes multiple violence accumulated over time and through the production of an uneven space by explorers, missionaries, colonists, public authorities and, eventually, the export-oriented agribusiness sector. Despite all racist violence, the voice, consciousness and agency of indigenous peoples represent the most acute challenge to the status quo and the main source of creative politics in the country today.
Effects of the Ionospheric Conductance on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail
Authors: El‐Alaoui Mostafa , Walker Raymond J. , McPherron Robert L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe have carried out a series of numerical experiments designed to evaluate the sensitivity of global magnetohydrodynamic simulations to changes in ionospheric conductance. We multiplied the precipitating energy fluxes due to both strong pitch angle scattering and parallel currents by constant factors in the Robinson et al. (1987, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA03p02565) model and used them as input to a simulated substorm interval on 14 March 2008. We also used the Kaeppler et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021396) model. When we reduced the energy fluxes by a factor of about three (0.34), the agreement on substorm location was best. Larger conductances led to onset at later local times. For multiplication factors greater than one, the magnetotail became line tied and no flows entered the inner magnetotail region. Relatively small (<50%) differences in the conductances lead to major changes in the tail configuration. We calculated auroral indices from the simulations and compared them to observations. None of the models reproduced the DP1 system but, we obtained much better agreement with the observed DP2 system. The model with the basic Robinson formula gave the best agreement with the DP2 system. We also ran a generic simulation with constant solar wind and southward IMF using the basic Robinson et al. model. The results were very similar to those of the event simulation suggesting that the changes were due to the ionospheric boundary condition. In the simulation, the energy flux obtained by assuming strong pitch angle scattering makes a larger contribution to the conductance than the field‐aligned current energy flux.
Preservation of Magma Recharge Signatures in Kīlauea Olivine During Protracted Storage
Authors: Mourey Adrien J. , Shea Thomas , Hammer Julia E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecharges of magma underneath basaltic volcanoes can occur as precursory events prior to an eruption but are not always revealed in geophysical data streams or erupted lavas compositions. In contrast, phosphorus within primitive, Mg‐rich (Fo89‐90), olivine can preserve recharge information lost by the mixed melt. Evidence of rapid growth and dissolution are preserved only in phosphorus X‐ray intensity maps, which reveal that Mg‐rich olivine from eruptions occurring between 2008 and 2020 at Kīlauea Volcano (Hawaiʻi) experienced at least two episodes of magma intrusion. We develop numerical diffusion models that evaluate the fidelity of the Fe‐Mg compositional archive by quantifying three factors that influence Fo population distributions: (a) the frequency at which an Mg‐rich basaltic liquid (in equilibrium with Fo90 olivine) intrudes the reservoir, (b) the pre‐existence of a polymodal distribution of olivine crystal sizes and their shapes (c) the effects of sectioning on apparent olivine core compositions. We find that most crystals lose their initial Mg‐rich composition if they are held at temperatures relevant to summit magma storage conditions (1,160–1,190°C) for more than 10 years. Thus, previous assertions that Mg‐rich olivine crystals at Kīlauea are scavenged from centuries‐old stored magmas are unrealistic. Our method permits critical evaluation of contrasting explanations of heterogeneous Fe‐Mg contents of olivine cargo: (a) different total durations of mush storage with partial diffusive erasure of compositional traits, or (b) coexistence of multiple chemically distinct magmas. Our approach provides general guidance for the conservative interpretation of temporal information preserved within olivine Fe‐Mg compositional archives.
Orbital Effect on North Atlantic Freshwater Forced Millennial‐Scale East Asian Summer Monsoon Variability During the Holocene
Authors: Chen Chunzhu , Zhao Wenwei , Zhang Xiaojian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding millennial‐scale East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variability is critical for climate projection in East Asia in the context of slowing Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) caused by global warming. This study performs two groups of sensitivity experiments at 8.2 and 4.2 ka BP, both forced by the same North Atlantic freshwater hosing and corresponding orbital parameters using the Community Earth System Model, to explore the orbital effect on millennial‐scale EASM variability. Our simulations reveal that EASM variability differs significantly between these two cold events. During the 8.2 ka BP (4.2 ka BP) (0 BP = 1950 AD) cold event, North Atlantic freshwater forcing weakens the EASM, generating a meridional tripole (dipole) pattern of EASM precipitation anomalies. Furthermore, the same freshwater discharge causes a greater decline in the EASM, contrasting to a slight weaker AMOC slowdown, at 4.2 ka BP than at 8.2 ka BP. This suggests orbital parameters significantly influence the EASM response to North Atlantic cold events. The East Asian subtropical westerly jet, whose meridional position and intensity are controlled by summer insolation on an orbital timescale, plays a key role in this orbital effect. The westerly jet's meridional position determines the spatial pattern of EASM precipitation anomalies, while its intensity affects the amplitude of the EASM's response to freshwater forcing. Because of a larger EASM decline due to freshwater hosing with lower summer insolation, we anticipate a profound declining EASM precipitation in the future with low summer insolation if the AMOC continues to weaken.
Emission Reductions Significantly Reduce the Hemispheric Contrast in Cloud Droplet Number Concentration in Recent Two Decades
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhu Yannian , Wang Minghuai , Rosenfeld Daniel , Liang Yuan , Liu Jihu , Liu Zhoukun , Bai Heming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have drastically impacted the climate system since the Industrial Revolution. However, to what extent anthropogenic emissions influence the cloud droplet number concentration (Nd), the critical parameter for understanding aerosol‐cloud interactions, is poorly known on the hemispheric scale due to the considerable retrieval uncertainty. We employed multiple widely used Nd retrieval sampling methods to evaluate the long‐term trend in Nd contrast (ΔNd(NH‐SH)) between the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH). Here we show that the ΔNd(NH‐SH) was halved from 2003 to 2020 using different sampling methods and channels, even though the range of magnitudes of ΔNd(NH‐SH) from different retrieval sampling methods is large. Such dramatic changes in ΔNd(NH‐SH) are dominated by the significantly decreased Nd over the NH (∼20%) due to emission reductions compared to the relatively stable and pristine nature of the SH. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol index (AI) correlate poorly with Nd based on long‐term trends, even though they replicate the contrast trends. This poor correlation is partly contributed by stratospheric smoke from wildfires in Australia that had little influence on Nd in the SH. The northwest Atlantic shows the largest contribution, ∼38%, to the Nd trend, whereas the northwest Pacific dominates the change in AOD and AI, contributing more than 60% to AOD and ∼50% to the AI trend in the NH. Our results imply that emission reductions significantly reduced ΔNd(NH‐SH) and provide strong observational evidence that anthropogenic activities have extensively altered liquid clouds in the NH in the last two decades.
Quantify the Coupled GEFS Forecast Uncertainty for the Weather and Subseasonal Prediction
Authors: Zhu Yuejian , Fu Bing , Yang Bo , Guan Hong , Sinsky Eric , Li Wei , Peng Jiayi , Xue Xianwu , Hou Dingchen , Liang Xin‐Zhong , Shin Sanghoon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Global Ensemble Forecast System version 12 (GEFSv12) has been implemented into National Centers For Environmental Prediction operations since September 2020, which was uncoupled, but increased the horizontal resolution from 34 to 25 km, increased ensemble members from 21 to 31, and extended forecasts from 16 to 35 days. It significantly improved probabilistic forecast skills in many categories, such as precipitation, tropical storms, Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), etc. The improvements resulted from many aspects, including model resolution increase, dynamical core upgrade, advances in hybrid data assimilation and physical parameterizations, and more importantly, from using new stochastic schemes to improve forecast uncertainty. To further improve GEFS's sub‐seasonal forecast skill, a coupled GEFS was built up on the Unified Forecast System prototype version 5 that fully couples an atmospheric model with a land surface model, ocean model, ice model, and wave model. A set of coupled GEFS experiments were conducted to test different horizontal resolutions at approximately 50 and 25 km while adjusting the stochastic parameterization schemes for the atmosphere to better represent forecast uncertainties. The experiments were run for a 2‐year period from October 2017 to September 2019, with one initialization per week at Wednesday 00 UTC, 11 ensemble members, and were forecasted out to 35 days. The coupled GEFS significantly improves 500 hPa height anomaly correlation in week‐1, week‐2, and MJO skills compared to the current operational forecast. The forecast spread of tropical wind is greatly reduced by improved stochastic schemes and matches well with the forecast root mean square errors. The correlation of forecast error variance and ensemble variance is improved for the coupled GEFSs. Meanwhile, the spread of MJO has been greatly reduced for the coupled GEFSs to improve the MJO forecast uncertainty.
River Corridor Sources Dominate CO2 Emissions From a Lowland River Network
Authors: Kirk Lily , Cohen Matthew J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRivers and streams are control points for CO2 emission to the air (fCO2), with emission rates often exceeding internal metabolism (net ecosystem production, NEP). The difference is usually attributed to CO2‐supersaturated groundwater inputs from upland soil respiration and rock weathering, but this implies a terrestrial‐to‐aquatic C transfer greater than estimated by terrestrial mass balance. One explanation is that riparian zones—rich in organic and inorganic C but mostly neglected in terrestrial mass balances—contribute disproportionately to fCO2. To test this hypothesis, we measured fCO2, NEP, and the lateral CO2 contributions from both terrestrial uplands (TER) and riparian wetlands (RIP) for seven reaches in a lowland river network in Florida, USA. NEP contributed about half of fCO2, but the remaining CO2 emission was generally much larger than measured TER. The relative importance of RIP versus TER varied markedly between contrasting hydrogeologic settings: RIP contributed 49% of fCO2 where geologic confinement forced lateral drainage through riparian soils, but only 12% where unconfined karst allowed deeper groundwater flowpaths that bypassed riparian zones. On a land area basis, the narrow riparian corridor yielded far more CO2 than the terrestrial uplands (33.1 vs. 1.4 g‐C m−2 yr−1), resulting in river corridors (i.e., stream channel plus adjacent wetlands, NEP + RIP) sourcing 87% of fCO2 to streams. Our findings imply that true terrestrial CO2 subsidies to streams may be smaller than previously estimated by aquatic mass balance and highlight the importance of explicitly integrating riparian zones into the conceptual model for terrestrial‐to‐aquatic C transfer.
WellSTIC: A Cost‐Effective Sensor for Performing Point Dilution Tests to Measure Groundwater Velocity in Shallow Aquifers
Authors: Perzan Z. , Chapin T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany individual measurement points are required to characterize groundwater velocity within an aquifer. Groundwater velocity is most commonly measured using a network of >5 cm diameter monitoring wells, which, if not already present at a site, are expensive and labor‐intensive to install. Drive‐point piezometers—simple, cost‐effective wells that can be installed by hand—are a common tool for sampling groundwater in shallow, alluvial aquifers, but most groundwater velocity measurement techniques require equipment that is too large for these narrow (usually <2 cm inside diameter) piezometers. In this technical note, we introduce a low‐cost sensor and well packer system (<$90 USD) for performing point dilution tests in narrow piezometers. Field data show that the magnitude of groundwater velocity measured with this technique agrees with velocities computed from natural gradient tracer tests. Additionally, with proper calibration, these sensors can be used to continuously monitor in‐well specific conductance, either during inter‐well tracer tests with saline tracers or for water quality monitoring. This system is a viable tool for rapid assessment of the magnitude of groundwater velocity in shallow aquifers.
Hippocampal volume and cognitive performance in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Naef Nadja , Ciernik Amélie , Latal Beatrice , Liamlahi Rabia ,   For the Children’s Heart and Development Research Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with an increased risk of brain abnormalities. Studies indicate a particular vulnerability of the hippocampus to hypoxia and inflammation. Yet, information regarding the hippocampus and its relation to cognitive function in school-age children with CHD remains scarce.MethodsChildren who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for CHD (N = 17) and healthy controls (N = 14) at 10 years of age underwent neurodevelopmental assessment and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging to measure IQ, working memory performance and hippocampal volume.ResultsIQ was significantly lower in children with CHD compared to controls (98 vs 112,P = 0.02). Children with CHD showed worse working memory performance with significantly lower scores in the letter-number sequencing test (P = 0.02). After adjusting for total brain volume, hippocampal volume was smaller in children with CHD compared to controls (P < 0.01). Smaller hippocampal volume was associated with lower IQ (P = 0.04), and digit span scaled score (P = 0.03), but not with other working memory tests (P > 0.1).ConclusionThis study suggests that the hippocampus may be particularly susceptible in children with CHD thereby contributing to cognitive impairments. Further research is necessary to understand the contribution of the hippocampus to cognitive impairments in children with CHD.ImpactIQ is significantly lower in school-age children with congenital heart disease compared to controls.Working memory performance seems to be worse in children with congenital heart disease.Smaller hippocampal volume is associated with lower IQ and seems to be associated with lower working memory performance.The study adds knowledge on the etiology of cognitive impairments in school-age children with congenital heart disease.