bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Spot Lesions: Diagnosis and Treatment – a Systematic Review
Authors: Lopes Pedro C. , Carvalho Teresa , Gomes Ana T. P. C. , Veiga Nelio , Blanco Letícia , Correia Maria José , Mello-Moura Anna Carolina Volpi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent pathologies in the world and its first stage appears as a white spot lesion. It is important to know its activity and the differential diagnoses. There are several ways to diagnose an injury and several clinical approaches to its treatment. The aim of this study is related to a previously established PICO(S) question: “Do new diagnostic tools have the potential to change the conventional treatment of white spots?”.
Methods
A systematic search of available studies in the literature was carried out in Pubmed and Scopus electronic databases and manually to identify relevant articles. This systematic review included trials complying the following inclusion criteria: (1) being in humans, (2) being in English, (3) being about white spot lesions, (4) have been published between 2012 and 2023, (5) having both diagnosis and treatment and (6) having full text available. In this review we excluded other systematic reviews of clinical trials and studies in vitro. The RoB tool was used to assess the risk of bias.
Results
The systematic literature search identified 143 potentially relevant references, which after applying the exclusion criteria, resulted in only 22 articles. Regarding diagnostic methods, most articles found were based on visual examination (10) or fluorescence (7). The least referenced diagnostic techniques were based on the use of clinical photographs (2), cross-sectional microrafiography (1) and computed microtomography (1). The use of DIAGNOdent was reported by 3 studies. With regard to therapies, most studies reported the use of infiltrating resin (7) and fluoride-based products (5). Other studies have reported the use of SAPP11-4 (1), home care (1), CPP-ACP (2) and HCL (1). Combination therapies were also considered: 2 studies reported the use of fluoride varnish, 2 studies used infiltrating resin and fluoride varnish, and one study reported the use of a combination of fluoride varnish and chlorhexidine.
Conclusion
The chosen diagnostic tool does not have the potential to change the form of treatment, whether it is a conventional method or a differentiated one.
Probing the Mechanism of Cation Enhanced CO2 Reduction in Acidic Media: Water Structure Determining the Hydrogenation Kinetics
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Zhi-Ming , Cai Yu-Chen , Li Xiao-Yu , Ye Jinyu , Zhou Yao , Tian Na , Zhou Zhi-You , Sun Shi-Gang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Tuning the properties of the electric double layer via cations is an efficient and well-accepted approach for improving the activity and selectivity of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the mechanism for cation enhanced CO2RR kinetics is a long-standing puzzle. Here, we identify the key intermediate, i.e., adsorbed CO2, by in-situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and confirm that the adsorbed CO2 can only be observed in the presence of the cations. Different from the prevalent viewpoints, time-resolved infrared spectra reveal that Li+ prefers to promote the adsorption of CO2 rather than other larger cations, but it slows down the hydrogenation kinetics of CO2. The ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations and the spectroscopic features of water suggest that the rigid water networks around Li+ impedes the hydrogen of water to approach the oxygen of the adsorbed CO2. In contrast, more flexible water networks around larger cations (e.g., Na+) benefit the reorientation of water and increase the possibility of hydrogen approaching CO2, which boosts CO2RR, consequently. This study highlights the essential role of interfacial water structure in enhancing the activity of CO2RR.
Identification of Selective ATP-Competitive CMG Helicase Inhibitors for Cancer Intervention that Disrupt CMG-Replisome Function
Authors: Alexandrow Mark , Xiang Shengyan , Luo Xingju , Welch Darcy , Reed Damon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The human CMG helicase (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) is a novel target for anti-cancer therapy due to tumor-specific weaknesses in CMG function induced by oncogenic changes and the need for CMG function during recovery from replicative stresses such as chemotherapy. Here, we developed an orthogonal biochemical screening approach and identified selective CMG inhibitors (CMGi) that inhibit ATPase and helicase activities in an ATP-competitive manner at low micromolar concentrations. Structure-activity information and in silico docking indicate that CMGi occupy ATP binding sites and channels within MCM subunits leading to the ATP clefts, which are likely used for ATP/ADP ingress or egress. CMGi inhibit cell growth and DNA replication using multiple molecular mechanisms. CMGi block helicase assembly steps that require ATP binding/hydrolysis by the MCM complex, specifically MCM ring assembly on DNA and GINS recruitment to DNA-loaded MCM hexamers. During S-phase, inhibition of MCM ATP binding/hydrolysis by CMGi causes a ‘reverse allosteric’ dissociation of Cdc45/GINS from the CMG that destabilizes the replisome and disrupts interactions with Ctf4, Mcm10, and DNA polymerase-α, -δ, -ε, resulting in DNA damage. These novel CMGi are selectively toxic toward tumor cells and define a new class of CMG helicase-targeted anti-cancer compounds with distinct mechanisms of action.
Protocol for a scoping review of climate change and the impact on health of people living with dementia
Authors: Lima Camila Astolphi , Alsunaidi Sara , Lowe Samuel , Hogan David , Dennett Liz , Jones C Allyson , Yamamoto Shelby 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Environmental factors resulting from climate change and air pollution are risk factors for many chronic conditions including dementia. Although research has shown the impacts of air pollution on cognitive status, less is known about the association between climate change and specific health-related outcomes of older people living with dementia. In response to IPCC call, we will outline a scoping review protocol to systematically review the published literature regarding the effects of climate change including temperature and weather variability on health outcomes in older adults living with dementia.
Methods and analysis: This scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Electronic search (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) using relevant subject headings and synonyms for 2 concepts (older people with dementia, weather/ climate change) will be conducted. No publication date or other restrictions will be applied to the search strategy. No language restriction will be used aiming to understand the impact of non-English studies in the literature. Eligible studies must include older adults (65+years) with dementia living in the community and investigate the impacts of climate change and/or weather on their health-related quality of life, morbidity, falls, use of health resources and mortality. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts and select those for a full-text review, perform these reviews, select articles for retention, and extract data from them in a standardized manner. This data will then be synthesized and interpreted.
OSF registration: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YRFM8.
Adaptive Metal Ion Transport and Metalloregulation Drive Fate Differentiation in Pluripotent Synthetic Cells
Authors: Wegner Seraphine , Higashi Sayuri , Chakraborty Taniya , Zheng Yanjun , Alavizargar Azadeh , Heuer Andreas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Pluripotent stem cells can yield different cell types depending on a sequence of differentiation signals as it activates/deactivates functions and keeps a memory of previous inputs. Herein, we achieve pluripotency in synthetic cells with three dormant apo-metalloenzymes such that they can differentiate towards different fates depending on the sequence of specific metal ion transport with ionophores. In the first differentiation step, the selective transport of extracellular metal ion cofactors into pluripotent giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) differentially activates enzymatic pathways that give rise to an increase of intracellular pH, production of hydrogen peroxide, or cell lysis. Formerly added ionophores suppress transport with subsequent ionophores due to in membrane interactions between ionophores. Consequently, the addition of a second ionophore leads to a dampened response in the multipotent GUV and a third ionophore in no further response, reminiscent of a terminally differentiated GUV. Taken together, the pluripotent GUV differentiates into five final fates depending on the sequence of three ionophores by virtue of adaptive metal ion transport.
Vinyl-Methyl Substituted Silica Aerogel-Like Hybrids as Effective Oil/Organic Solvent Sorbents
Authors: Çok Selay Sert , Koç Fatoș , Len Adél , Gizli Nilay , Dudás Zoltán Imre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work aimed to develop vinyl/methyl-decorated silica-based aerogel-like hybrids and evaluate their performance as novel oil/organic solvent adsorbents. Silica hybrids were prepared in two series by co-condensation of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) either with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) (VM-series) or tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) (VT-series) followed by surface methylation with TMCS at ambient pressure. By gradual vinyl substitution, the changes in the physicochemical and morphological properties of the hybrids were monitored using complementary characterization techniques, such as FTIR, 29Si-NMR, SEM, N2 porosimetry, small angle neutron/X-ray scattering and contact angle measurements. The results confirmed the significant structural changes in VT-series with increasing VTMS content, whereas it had only a limited effect on the network formation in VM-series. In VT-series, the samples were predominantly mesoporous in nature, even up to a high VTMS content (75 mol%), resulting in large specific surface area values (792–1021 m2/g). However, in VM-series, the samples were mostly macroporous and emerged in sponge-like monolithic form after drying with very low densities (0.087–0.182 g/cm3) and high porosities (87.2–93.9%). The successful vinyl/methyl substitution also resulted in good hydrophobicity (up to 147°) in each series. Owing to its lightweight structure and hydrophobicity, the samples VT-100 and VM-50 had the highest sorption capacities (up to 11.63 g/g for VM-50 and 10.92 g/g for VT-100) for most organic pollutants and stable performance up to 10 cycles. The free-standing monolithic structure, well-developed porous network, enhanced hydrophobic behavior and superior adsorption performance make these materials excellent sorbents for oil spill remediation applications.
Evaluation of the Air Quality in Arid Climate Megacities. (Case Study: Greater Cairo)
Authors: Hwehy Mohammed Mahmoud , Moursy Fawzia I. , El-Tantawi Attia M. , Mohamed Mostafa A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The accelerated urbanization in developing counties in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region increases exposure to outdoor air pollution. This work aims to evaluate the ambient air quality in the Greater Cairo area (GC) as one of the largest megacities in the MENA region. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified GC as the largest polluted city in the MENA region. Exploratory data analysis (EDA) was used to assess the pollutants data and meteorological data to show the impacts of weather factors on ambient air quality in the study area. The results show that GC suffers from particle matter (PM) pollutants for both long-term and short-term exposure. The short-term exposure to gaseous pollutants did not exceed the guidelines, however, the long-term did in some traffic areas. The weather and terrain show significant impacts on the temporal and spatial variation of pollutants observations. Most ambient air pollution issues in the MENA region are due to its natural sources and traffic.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Hemorrhage After Percutaneous CT-Guided Pulmonary Nodule Biopsy: An Observational Study
Authors: He Chuang , Zhao Ling , Yu Hua-long , Zhao Wei , LI Dong , Li Guo-dong , Wang Hao , Huo Bin , Huang Qi-ming , Liang Bai-wu , Ding Rong , Wang Zhe , Liu Chen , Deng Liang-yu , Xiong Jun-Ru , Huang Xue-quan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the current incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage and the potential factors contributing to its increased risk after percutaneous CT-Guided pulmonary nodule biopsy and to recapitulate the technical recommendations for its treatment.
Materials and Methods: In this observational study, patient data were collected from ten medical centers from April 2021 to April 2022. Pulmonary hemorrhage was graded as follows: 0, none; 1, less than or equal to 2 cm around the needle or lesion; 2, more than 2 cm and less than 4 cm; 3, more than4 cm; and 4, hemoptysis or bleeding into the other lobes. High-grade pulmonary hemorrhage was defined as grade 2 or higher pulmonary hemorrhage.
Results: The incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage was as follows: grade 0, 36.1% (214/593); grade 1, 36.8% (218/593);grade 2, 18.9% (112/593); grade 3,3.5% (21/593); andgrade 4, 4.7% (28/593). High-grade hemorrhage (HGH) occurred in 27.2% (161/593) of the patients. The use of preoperativebreathing exercises (PBE, P=0.000), semiautomatic cutting needles (SCN, p=0.004), immediatecontrastenhancement (ICE, P=0.021), and the coaxial technique (CoT, p=0.000) were protective factors for HGH. Greater length of puncture (P=0.021), the presence of hilar nodules (p=0.001), the presence of intermediate nodules (p=0.026), main pulmonary artery diameter (mPAD) larger than 29 mm (p=0.015), and small nodule size (p=0.014) were risk factors for high-grade hemorrhage. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.783.
Conclusions: The PSIC approach, which includes PBE, SCN, ICE, and CoT, has been found to be a protective factor for HGH in real-world scenarios. Furthermore, this protocol is beneficial for creating specialized puncture instruments for percutaneous CT-Guided pulmonary nodule biopsy.
Berberine through PPAR- γ/HO-1 Pathway Regulates Macrophage Polarization
Authors: yonglin yonglin li , Shang Shasha , Wang Jianru , Yu Lili , Wang Tingting , Chen Yushan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective:
To use ox-LDL and LPS to induce RAW264.7 macrophages to create an inflammation model, and to observe the regulation of berberine on the secretion of inflammatory factors and macrophage polarization in macrophages under inflammatory conditions and the relationship between PPAR-γ/HO-1. The relationship between the pathways provides the basis for berberine in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Results:
1. Compared with the model group, the iNOS, and IL-6 produced by the berberine group, berberine + ZNPP, and berberine + GW9662 were significantly decreased, (P＜0.05); Compared with the berberine + GW9662 group and the berberine + ZNPP group, the secretion of iNOS and IL-6 increased in the berberine group, (P＜0.05).
2. Compared with the model group, Arg-1, IL-4, and IL-10 in the Berberine group, berberine + GW9662 and berberine + ZNPP groups increased significantly (P < 0.05); Compared with the berberine group, Arg-1, IL-4 and IL-10 in Berberine + GW9662 and berberine + ZNPP groups were significantly lower than those in Berberine group (P < 0.05).
3. For flow cytometry, CD80 positive cells are used to represent M1 cells, CD163 positive cells represent M2 cells, and the ratio of M2/M1 cells represents the polarization of macrophages, among which the ratio of M2/M1 cells in berberine group Compared with the berberine + ZNPP group and the berberine + GW9662 group, the ratio of M2/M1 in the berberine group was higher, (P＜0.05).
4. Western blotting method showed that the protein expression of PPAR-γ in the berberine group, the berberine + GW9662 group, and the berberine + ZNPP group was significantly increased compared with the model group, ( P＜0.05); the expression of HO-1 protein in the berberine group, the berberine + GW9662 group, and the berberine + ZNPP group were significantly higher than that in the model group, (P＜0.05). The protein expressions of PPAR-γ and HO-1 in the alkali group were higher than those in the berberine + GW9662 and berberine + ZNPP group, (P＜0.05).
Conclusion:
Berberine can regulate macrophage polarization through the PPAR-γ/HO-1 pathway, so that macrophages are polarized from M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages, and play an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role. Berberine provides evidence for its anti-atherosclerotic effect.
Assessing the short-term effects of PM2.5 and O3 on cardiovascular mortality using high-resolution exposure: a time-stratified case cross-over study in southwestern China
Authors: Tian Xinyue , Zeng Jing , Li Xuelin , Li Sheng , Zhang Tao , Deng Ying , Yin Fei , Ma Yue 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and air pollution is an important environmental risk factor. To date, limited studies have estimated the effects of ambient air pollution on CVD mortality using high-resolution exposure assessment, which might fail to capture the spatial variation in exposure and introduce bias in results. Besides, the Three-year Action Plan (TYAP, 2018–2020) was released, after five years of controlling air pollution, thus the constitution and health effect of air pollutants may have changed. In this study, we estimated the short-term effect exposed to PM2.5 and O3 concentrations with 0.05º×0.05º resolution on CVD mortality, and measured the influence of TYAP in the associations. Our study found that with an increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5 and O3 during 2018–2021 in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), CVD mortality increased 1.0134 (95% CI: 1.0102, 1.0166) and 1.0083 (95% CI: 1.0060, 1.0107) respectively using high-resolution air pollutants concentration, comparing to 1.0070 (95% CI: 1.0052, 1.0087) and 1.0057 (95% CI: 1.0037, 1.0078) using data from air quality monitoring stations (AQMs), the estimated risks even turned from hazard to protective in other areas. After TYAP, the OR due to PM2.5 rose up to 1.0149 (95% CI: 1.0054, 1.0243) from 1.0141 (95% CI: 1.0087, 1.0195), and the OR due to O3 rose up to 1.0089 (95% CI: 1.0030, 1.0148) from 1.0054 (95% CI: 1.0015, 1.0093) in Sichuan Province. After TYAP, both O3 concentration and its risk increased. Intriguingly, the PM2.5 concentration went down but its risk slightly rose up after TYAP. In conclusion, PM2.5 and O3 still threaten human health after TYAP, and AQMs data would underestimate their health effect, therefore using high-resolution air pollutants concentrations leads to a more appropriate estimation.
Female hormonal profiles and vaginal cytology in a ground squirrel species with prolonged hibernation
Authors: Vasilieva Nina Alexandrovna , Tikhonova Natalia Borisovna , Savinetskaya Ludmila Eugenievna , Kuznetsova Ekaterina Vladimirovna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hibernating mammals have highly ordered annual cycles with strict timing of all processes including reproduction; yet female reproductive physiology is poorly studied in these species. We investigated the estrous cycle in yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus), which hibernate up to 9 months. On the basis of vaginal cytology and serum progesterone and estradiol profiles, we identified proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and anestrus in the cycle. Similarly to other rodents, predominance of cornified cells marked estrus, and an increase in the leukocyte number reflected metestrus. Estrus started and then pregnancy occurred mostly within 3 days after the spring emergence. In one female, we noticed a copulatory plug for the first time for this species. The progesterone level increased from proestrus/estrus to pregnancy and decreased in the postlactation period. Estradiol concentration did not change significantly throughout the estrous cycle but varied among females and was consistently high in some of them. The hormone levels did not vary with female age despite smaller body size in yearling females as compared with older ones. We did not find any evidence for the second estrus. During postlactation, progesterone concentration diminished toward hibernation, and we failed to detect signs of prehibernation activation of the female reproductive system. Probably, gonadal preparation in S. fulvusfemales proceeds at periodic arousals during hibernation. Our data showed fast transitions between phases of the female estrous cycle and early maturation of juvenile females, thus supporting the hypothesis of fast life history strategy of S. fulvus.
Designing a model for measuring the maturity level of strategic alliances using fuzzy data envelopment analysis
Authors: Roshandel Saeed , Govareshaki Mohammad Hossein Karimi , Abbasi Morteza 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In a strategic alliance, collaboration success requires special considerations because the partners are independent of each other. Maturity models are one of the tools for monitoring this success. This research aims to design a new model to measure the maturity level of strategic alliances. This goal has been achieved by identifying the model's dimensions, defining the maturity levels, and finally designing the method of determining the maturity level. A list of maturity level measurement indicators was obtained by studying the literature, previous successful and unsuccessful experiences, and interviewing experts to achieve this goal. After that, we gathered the necessary indicators using the content validity ratio method. Then the maturity levels of strategic alliances were defined. By evaluating 31 examples of strategic alliances, fuzzy sets for each indicator and maturity level were formed. To determine the maturity levels, the indicators' weights were calculated by fuzzy data envelopment analysis. Since the desired model did not seek to calculate the efficiency, data envelopment analysis without explicit input was used. By implementing the data envelopment analysis model, the best possible combination for the weight of the indicators was obtained. The model's validity was evaluated and confirmed by comparing the results of the implementation of this model with the evaluation results of the alliance examples. Based on this, the designed model determined the maturity level by using the obtained weights for different indicators, and finally, by de-fuzzifying this set, it calculated the maturity level of the strategic alliance.
Analysis of miRNA expression profile of sciatic nerve in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Jiang Lingli , Zhang Fang , Qi Fang , Hu Taotao , Zhang Zhonghui , Deng Chengliang , Xu Guangchao , Wei Zairong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
After spinal cord injury, the downstream peripheral nerves lose control, and the tissues lose the protection of peripheral nerves, which is easy to cause skin and soft tissue injury and wound difficult to heal. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In order to explore the mechanism of functional changes in peripheral nerves deprived of spinal cord control, we established a model of sciatic nerve transection injury combined with spinal cord transection injury in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and small RNA sequencing analysis, tissue staining and molecular experiments were used to analyze the changes in miRNA expression and degeneration of peripheral nerve stump. The results showed that after loss of spinal cord innervation, the response of rats to sciatic nerve injury was weakened, and Wallerian degeneration could not occur normally and angiogenesis was abnormal. Moreover, differentially expressed miRNAs were detected in the sciatic nerve stump of the two groups of rats with or without spinal cord injury. Specifically, miR-134-5p and miR-142-5p were decreased in the sciatic nerve stump after spinal cord injury. Therefore, we suggest that spinal cord injury may inhibit the repair process of sciatic nerve injury by down-regulating the expression of miR-134-5p / miR-142-5p.