bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implied Heat Transport from CERES Data: Direct Radiative Effect of Clouds on Regional Patterns and Hemispheric Symmetry
Authors: Pearce F. A. , Bodas-Salcedo A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We calculate the implied horizontal heat transport due to the spatial anomalies of radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The regional patterns of implied heat transport for different components of the TOA fluxes are calculated by solving the Poisson equation with the flux components as source terms. The shortwave (SW) part of the spectrum governs the spatial patterns of the total implied heat transport. Using the cloud radiative effect (CRE) as source term, we show that the direct effect of clouds is to reduce the poleward heat transport in the majority of the Northern Hemisphere and at high southern latitudes. Clouds flatten the gradients of the clear-sky energy flux potential and hence reduce the implied heat transport with respect to clear skies. Clouds reduce the implied cross-equatorial heat transport with respect to clear sky through changes in the SW part of the spectrum. It changes from 0.83 PW in clear sky to −0.01 PW in all sky, equivalent to the hemispheric albedo symmetry reported in previous studies. We investigate hemispheric symmetry by introducing a metric that measures the symmetry of implied meridional heat transports at all latitudes. The direct effect of clouds is to increase the symmetry in the implied heat transport, and this is achieved through an increase in symmetry in the SW part of the spectrum in the tropics. Whether this is trivial or the result of a fundamental control in the climate system is still an open question.
Cloud-Resolving Modeling and Evaluation of Microphysical Schemes for Flash Flood–Producing Convection over the Black Sea
Authors: Anisimov Anatolii , Efimov Vladimir , Lvova Margarita , Mostamandi Suleiman , Stenchikov Georgiy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the present study, the convective event over the Black Sea area in September 2018 is analyzed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model configured with a fully convective-resolving setup. We test the WRF sensitivity to the choice of sea surface temperature (SST) dataset and microphysics scheme. The simulation is verified using weather radar measurements and ground observations. Both the choice of the microphysical scheme and SST dataset have a significant impact on the dynamic properties of the maritime convective system and associated rainfall. The best results are achieved with the WDM6 microphysical scheme and a more detailed and slightly warmer (compared to the default OSTIA SST) G1SST dataset. The optimally configured WRF simulations add value to coarser driving operational analysis, with more accurate amount and pattern of rainfall and the earlier arrival of the convective system, which is in better agreement with radar and weather station measurements. The vertical structure of the reflectivity profiles in the WDM6 scheme that simulates 15%–20% larger rainwater loading compared to other schemes agrees best with the observed data. Other schemes reproduce excessive reflectivity above the freezing level. Enhanced rainfall estimates and faster convective system propagation in the G1SST WDM6 simulations are linked to stronger cold pools caused by enhanced evaporation due to the higher rainwater content and droplet number concentrations. Stronger cold pools result in the 15%–20% enhancement of latent and sensible heat fluxes, reflecting the strong sensitivity of ocean–atmosphere heat and moisture exchange to the choice of microphysics scheme and SST dataset.
What Controlled the Low-Level Moisture Transport during the Extreme Precipitation in Henan Province of China in July 2021?
Authors: Liu Hao-Yan , Gu Jian-Feng , Wang Yuqing , Xu Jing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A record-breaking precipitation event occurred in the Henan province of China in July 2021 (217HP). To identify the moisture source of the event, ensemble experiments with 120 members were conducted in this study. Results show that the precipitable water during this extreme event was primarily contributed by the low-level southeasterly (LLSE) water vapor transport. The LLSE was largely enhanced by the pressure gradient force maintained by the western Pacific subtropical high and further amplified by the latent heat release in the rainfall system over Henan. The positive moisture advection by the LLSE and evaporative water occurred below 950 hPa and was redistributed into higher levels by the LLSE jet-enhanced subgrid vertical turbulent transport. As a result, the combination of the enhanced LLSE centered around 950 hPa and the increase of moisture below 850 hPa were the main drivers for the continuous strengthening of LLSE moisture transport, with the former playing the dominant role. It is also found that not only the presence but also the intensity of the LLSE jet were important for reproducing the extreme rainfall. The impact of binary tropical cyclones In-Fa and Cempaka on the low-level moisture transport was also examined. We found that In-Fa (2021) presented an uncertain impact on 217HP, while Cempaka (2021) was found to be unfavorable for 217HP. Different from the LLSE water vapor transport, Cempaka mainly acted to weaken the southwesterly wind to the southwest of Henan by reducing the pressure gradient and impeding the water vapor transport toward Henan.
The effectiveness of an automated algorithm as a tool for investigating the cause of anaemia in undiagnosed patients from general practitioners
Authors: de Jong Anne Margreet , Veldhuis Sam , Candido Firmin , den Elzen Wendy PJ , de Boer Bauke A 
Published: February 2023

Background The Dutch guideline algorithm for the analysis of anaemia in patients of general practitioners (GPs) was programmed in a Clinical Decision Support system (CDS-anaemia) to support the process of diagnosing the cause of anaemia in the laboratory. This study investigates the diagnostic yield of the automated anaemia algorithm compared to that of the manual work up by the GP. Methods This retrospective population-based study consisted of 2697 people ≥18 years. Anaemia was defined according to the Dutch College of General Practitioners (DCGP) guideline. Causes of anaemia were based on the DCGP guidelines with the corresponding blood tests. The number of blood tests and causes of anaemia were measured in two separate periods in both the (CDS-anaemia) pilot group and a control group in which routine care was provided. Results Patients from GPs supported by CDS-anaemia had higher chances of having more anaemia-related blood tests being performed. This resulted in finding significantly more causes of anaemia in the pilot group compared to the control group with respect to iron deficiency (resp. 31.3% vs 14.5%), possible iron deficiency (resp. 11.4% vs 2.8%), iron deficiency in acute phase (2.6% vs 0.5%), chronic disease/infection/inflammation (23.5% vs 1.9%), vitamin B12 deficiency (4.5% vs 1.9%), possible vitamin B12 deficiency (16.8% vs 8.7%), folate deficiency (3.3% vs 0.9%) and possible bone marrow disorder (3.8% vs 0.0%); p < 0.05. Conclusions This study suggests that an automated-algorithm support can effectively aid in the diagnostic work-up of anaemia in primary care to find more causes of anaemia.
Fibrin monomer complex as a potential thrombosis marker related to venous thromboembolism risk in pregnant women
Authors: Iwamoto Takuya , Hatayama Yuki , Namba Hiroya , Kojima Nao , Horie Takuya , Yamashita Noriko , Ichikawa Hitomi , Fukuda Tetsuya , Motokura Toru 
Published: February 2023

Background Pregnancy is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to increased coagulation factor activity and decreased protein S activity. However, thrombosis markers for predicting VTE in pregnancy remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VTE risk and thrombosis markers in pregnant women and to identify markers related to VTE risk. Methods Archived plasma samples from 107 pregnant women were used in this study, and the concentrations of D-dimer, fibrin monomer complex (FMC), plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen were measured. VTE risk was scored according to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists green-top guidelines and the patients were divided into low- or high-risk groups. Results The median (range) of risk score for deep vein thrombosis was 2 (0–8), and we defined the high-risk group included those with a score of ≧3. D-dimer and FMC concentrations were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (D-dimer 4.5 vs 2.6 μg/mL, p = 0.008; FMC 14.6 vs 3.4 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Although D-dimer concentration significantly increased with gestational age (Spearman’s correlation coefficient [ rs] = 0.317, p < 0.001), FMC concentration did not ( rs = −0.081, p = 0.409). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of D-dimer, FMC, and both D-dimer and FMC for the high-risk group were 0.656, 0.713, and 0.738, respectively. Conclusions FMC may be a thrombosis marker related to VTE risk in pregnancy and is potentially preferable over D-dimer concentrations.
Blowtorching Freirean Thought Out of Bolsonaro’s Brazil: Alagoas’s Escola Livre Law
Authors: Pezzuto Thiago 
Published: February 2023

The state of Alagoas’s Escola Livre law prohibited teachers from sharing with their students opinions that are political, partisan, religious, or philosophical in nature. Application to the analysis of its passage of the punctuated-equilibrium concepts of policy image and policy venue suggests that mutual reinforcement of (1) the return of the right in Latin America, (2) the rise of evangelicals, and (3) the advent of the School Without Party movement in the larger context of Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment process created a unique window of opportunity that the law’s author perceived and seized upon. A Lei Escola Livre do estado de Alagoas proibiu que professores compartilhassem com seus alunos opiniões de natureza política, partidária, religiosa ou filosófica. A aplicação dos conceitos de equilíbrio pontuado de policy image e policy venue à análise de sua promulgação sugere que o fortalecimento mútuo entre (1) o retorno da direita na América Latina, (2) a ascensão de evangélicos, e (3) o advento do movimento Escola Sem Partido no contexto mais amplo do processo de impeachment de Dilma Rousseff criou uma janela de oportunidade única que o autor da lei autor identificou e explorou.
Successful thrombolysis of early bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Case report
Authors: Groenewoud Rosalind , Gunning Derek , Fava Craig , Sharpe Rob , Valchanov Kamen , Shayan Hossein 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis (BPMVT) following post-operative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a rare complication with high mortality. Case Report: A 75-year-old man with a flail posterior mitral leaflet underwent a bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement and was subsequently placed on central veno-arterial high flow ECMO following intractable shock after protamine administration. He developed BPMVT over the following 48 hr, which did not resolve with 3 weeks of systemic heparin. He was then treated successfully with 3 days of continuous low dose (1 mg/hr) Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA). He suffered no bleeding consequences and had a complete cardiac and end-organ recovery. Discussion: Slow TPA infusion may be an acceptable treatment strategy for alleviating thrombotic burden from a bioprosthetic valve, even in the post-operative setting.
What is the incidence of subsequent adjacent joint injury after patellofemoral pain?
Authors: Young Jodi L , Sell Timothy C , Boeth Riley , Foster Kaitlyn , Greenlee Tina A , Rhon Daniel I 
Published: February 2023

Objective To investigate the incidence of subsequent lumbar spine, hip, and ankle-foot injuries after a diagnosis of patellofemoral pain. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Military Health System. Participants Individuals ( n = 92,319) ages 17–60 diagnosed with patellofemoral pain between 2010–2011. Interventions Therapeutic exercise. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of adjacent joint injuries in the 2-year period after initial patellofemoral pain injury, and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and Kaplan–Meier survival curves for risk of adjacent joint injury based on receiving therapeutic exercise for the initial injury. Results After initial patellofemoral pain diagnosis, 42,983 (46.6%) individuals sought care for an adjacent joint injury. Of these, 19,587 (21.2%) were subsequently diagnosed with a lumbar injury, 2837 (3.1%) a hip injury, and 10,166 (11.0%) an ankle-foot injury. One in five (19.5%; n = 17,966) received therapeutic exercise which reduced the risk of having a subsequent lumbar (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.76–0.81), hip (HR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.98) or ankle-foot (HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.83–0.90) injury. Conclusion The results suggest that a high number of individuals with patellofemoral pain will sustain an adjacent joint injury within 2 years although causal relationships cannot be determined. Receiving therapeutic exercise for the initial knee injury reduced the risk of sustaining an adjacent joint injury. This study helps provide normative data for subsequent injury rates in this population and guide development of future studies designed to understand causal factors.
Clozapine rechallenge or continuation despite neutropenia or agranulocytosis using colony-stimulating factor: A systematic review
Authors: Corbeil Olivier , Béchard Laurent , Fournier Émilien , Plante Maude , Thivierge Marc-André , Lafrenière Charles-Émile , Huot-Lavoie Maxime , Brodeur Sébastien , Essiambre Anne-Marie , Roy Marc-André , Demers Marie-France 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Rechallenge/continuation of clozapine in association with colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) following neutropenia/agranulocytosis has been reported, but many questions remain unanswered about efficacy and safety. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of rechallenging/continuing clozapine in patients following neutropenia/agranulocytosis using CSFs. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception date to July 31, 2022. Articles screening and data extraction were realized independently by two reviewers, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 systematic review guidance. Included articles had to report on at least one case where clozapine was rechallenged/continued using CSFs despite previous neutropenia/agranulocytosis. Results: Eight hundred forty articles were retrieved; 34 articles met the inclusion criteria, totaling 59 individual cases. Clozapine was successfully rechallenged/continued in 76% of patients for an average follow-up period of 1.9 years. There was a trend toward better efficacy reported in case reports/series, compared with consecutive case series (overall success rates of 84% and 60%, respectively, p-value = 0.065). Two administration strategies were identified, “as-needed” and prophylactic, both yielding similar success rates (81% and 80%, respectively). Only mild and transient adverse events were documented. Conclusions: Although limited by the relatively small number of published cases, factors such as time of onset to first neutropenia and severity of the episode did not seem to impact the outcome of a subsequent clozapine rechallenge using CSFs. While the efficacy of this strategy remains to be further adequately evaluated in more rigorous study designs, its long-term innocuity warrants considering its use more proactively in the management of clozapine hematological adverse events as to maintain this treatment for as many individuals as possible.
The Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes of a Psychosocial Home-Based end-of-Life Care Intervention in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow Amy Y. M. , Fordjour Genevieve A. , Lui Juliana N. M. , Chan Iris K. N. , Zhang Anna Y. , Chan Cecilia L. W. 
Published: February 2023

Objective Living the final days of life being cared for at home is a preference expressed by many. The data on the effectiveness of home-based end-of-life care (EoLC) intervention to improve the holistic conditions of terminally ill patients are scanty. This study sought to evaluate a psychosocial home-based EoLC intervention for terminally ill patients in Hong Kong. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted, applying the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) at 3 timepoints (service intake, 1-month, and 3-months after enrollment). A total of 485 eligible, consenting terminally ill people (mean age = 75.48, SD = 11.39) were enrolled, with 40.21% (n = 195) providing data at all 3 timepoints for this study. Results Decreasing symptom severity scores were observed for all IPOS psychosocial symptoms, and most physical symptoms, over the 3 timepoints. Improvements in depression and practical concerns had the highest omnibus time effects ( F > 31.92, P < .01) and T0 to T2 paired comparison effects ( Cohen's d > 0.54, P < .01). Physical symptoms of weakness/lack of energy, poor mobility, and poor appetite also showed significant improvements at T1 and T2 ( Cohen's d: 0.22-0.46, P < .05). Bivariate regression analyses showed that improvements in anxiety, depression, and family anxiety were associated with improvements in physical symptoms of pain, shortness of breath, weakness/lack of energy, nausea, poor appetite, and poor mobility. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were not associated with changes in symptoms. Conclusions The psychosocial home-based EoLC intervention effectively improved the psychosocial and physical status of terminally ill patients, irrespective of their clinical characteristics or demographics.
Barriers to uptake of PrEP across the continuum among transgender women: A global scoping review
Authors: Teng Fei , Sha Yongjie , Fletcher Lauren M , Welsch Michael , Burns Paul , Tang Weiming 
Published: February 2023

Background Although preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated high efficacy for HIV prevention, rates of PrEP uptake remain low among the transgender population, especially in transgender women (TGW). We conducted this scoping review to assess and characterize barriers to PrEP use along the PrEP care continuum among TGW. Methods We conducted this scoping review by searching studies in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included: reporting a PrEP related quantitative result among TGW; peer-reviewed and published in English between 2010-2021. Results Globally, high willingness (80%) to use PrEP was found, yet uptake and adherence (35.4%) were low. TGW experiencing hardship, including poverty, incarceration, and substance use, were associated with higher odds of PrEP awareness but lower odds of PrEP use. Structural and social barriers such as stigma, medical mistrust, and perceived racism can be important barriers for PrEP continuation. High social cohesion and hormone replacement therapy were associated with greater odds of awareness. In addition, our study confirmed prior research showing that PrEP does not lower feminizing hormone levels in TGW. Conclusions Significant demographic factors among TGW that are associated with PrEP engagement. It is imperative to focus on TGW as a population with independent needs, requiring specific PrEP care guidelines and tailored resource allocation, that fully considers individual-, provider-, and community/structural-level barriers and facilitators. The present review also indicates that combining PrEP care with GAHT or broader gender-affirmation care may facilitate PrEP use.
Understanding the Process of Family Cancer History Collection and Health Information Seeking
Authors: Allen Caitlin G. , Green Ridgely Fisk , Dowling Nicole F. , Fairley Temeika L. , Khoury Muin J. 
Published: February 2023

Problem Addressed: To better understand the factors associated with family cancer history (FCH) information and cancer information seeking, we model the process an individual undergoes when assessing whether to gather FCH and seek cancer information and compare models by sociodemographics and family history of cancer. We used cross-sectional data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, Cycle 2) and variables (e.g., emotion and self-efficacy) associated with the Theory of Motivated Information Management to assess the process of FCH gathering and information seeking. We completed path analysis to assess the process of FCH gathering and stratified path models. Results: Those who felt they could lower their chances of getting cancer (emotion) were more confident in their ability to complete FCH on a medical form (self-efficacy; B = 0.11, p < .0001) and more likely to have discussed FCH with family members ( B = 0.07, p < .0001). Those who were more confident in their ability to complete a summary of their family history on a medical form were more likely to have discussed FCH with family members ( B = 0.34, p < .0001) and seek other health information ( B = 0.24, p < .0001). Stratified models showed differences in this process by age, race/ethnicity, and family history of cancer. Implications for Public Health Research and Practice: Tailoring outreach and education strategies to address differences in perceived ability to lower chances of getting cancer (emotion) and confidence in the ability to complete FCH (self-efficacy) could help encourage less engaged individuals to learn about their FCH and gather cancer information.
Predictors for surgical intervention in orbital complications of pediatric rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yosefof Eyal , Reuven Yonatan , Badir Samih , Rapana Olga Gordon , Schindel Hilla , Avisar Inbal , Dotan Gad , Gilony Dror , Soudry Ethan 
Published: February 2023

Objectives Orbital complications are the most common complication of acute rhinosinusitis, especially among pediatric patients. While most cases are treated with antibiotics alone, severe presentation may demand surgical intervention. Our goal was to determine which factors predict the need for surgery and to investigate the role of computerized tomography in the decision process. Methods A retrospective review of all children hospitalized between 2001–2018 with orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in a university-affiliated children's hospital. Results A total of 156 children were included. Mean age was 7.9 years (1–18 years). Twenty-three children (14.7%) were surgically treated, and the rest were conservatively treated. High fever, ophthalmoplegia and diplopia in association with minimal or no response to conservative treatment were predictive for surgical intervention, as well as higher inflammatory indices. Eighty-nine children (57%) underwent imaging during hospitalization. Presence of a subperiosteal abscess, as well as its size and its location were not found to be predictors for surgery. Conclusion Clinical and laboratory findings in association with minimal or no response to conservative treatment predict the need for surgical intervention in cases of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis. As Computerized Tomography scans can have long-term implications in the pediatric population, caution and patience should be practiced when deciding on the timing of imaging in this population. Thus, close clinical and laboratory monitoring should lead the decision-making process in these cases and imaging should be reserved for when the decision for surgery has been made.