bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling of maintenance therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gebhard Anna , Lilienthal Patrick , Metzler Markus , Rauh Manfred , Sager Sebastian , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Toksvang Linea Natalie , Zierk Jakob 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), current protocols combine initial high-dose multiagent chemotherapy with prolonged oral therapy with 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and low-dose methotrexate (MTX) maintenance therapy. Decades of research on ALL treatment have resulted in survival rates of approximately 90%. However, dose-response relationships vary widely between patients and insight into the influencing factors, that would allow for improved personalized treatment management, is insufficient. We use a detailed data set with measurements of thioguanine nucleotides and MTX in red blood cells and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to develop pharmacokinetic models for 6MP and MTX, as well as a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model capable of predicting individual ANC levels and thus contributing to the development of personalized treatment strategies. Here, we show that integrating metabolite measurements in red blood cells into the full PKPD model improves results when less data is available, but that model predictions are comparable to those of a fixed pharmacokinetic model when data availability is not limited, providing further evidence of the quality of existing models. With this comprehensive model development leading to dynamics similar to simpler models, we validate the suitability of this model structure and provide a foundation for further exploration of maintenance therapy strategies through simulation and optimization.
Measuring electro-adhesion pressure before and after contact
Authors: Schaller Sylvain , Shea Herbert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElectro-adhesion (EA) is a low-power, tunable, fast and reversible electrically-controlled adhesion method, effective on both conducting and insulating objects. Typically, only the electro-adhesive detachment force, i.e., the force required to separate an object from the EA patch, is measured. Here, we report a method that enables comparing the pre-contact EA attachment forces with post-contact EA detachment forces. We observe that pre-contact pressures are 1 to 100 times lower than post-contact detachment pressures, indicating the large role played by surface forces, charge injection, and polarization inertia. We characterize the time-dependence of pre- and post-contact EA forces as a function of the applied voltage waveform, observing that using an AC drive allowing for much faster release than DC operation. We measure both EA forces on conductive and insulating objects, using over 100 different EA patches covering a wide range of electrode dimensions. At 400 V, the EA release pressures for conductive objects range from 1 to 100 kPa, and are 1 to 10 times higher than pre-contact adhesion force. For dielectric objects, release pressures are 1 to 100 higher than pre-contact adhesion pressures. The methodology presented in this paper can enable standardized EA characterization while varying numerous parameters.
Genetic structure analysis and identifying key founder inbred lines in diverse elite sub-tropical maize inbred lines
Authors: Gedil Melaku , Maazou Abdoul-Raouf Sayadi , Zebire Degife A. , Garcia-Oliveira Ana Luísa , Unachukwu Nnanna , Petroli César , Hearne Sarah , Everett Leslie A. , Kim Soon-Kwon , Menkir Abebe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic relationships between the key founder inbred lines and derived inbred lines could provide insight into the breeding history and the structure of genetic diversity of the available elite inbred lines with desirable target traits. The maize improvement program at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) analyzed the pedigree information of 623 sub-tropical maize inbred lines generated at the IITA maize breeding program to identify the key founder inbred lines. We also used 5032 SNP markers to assess the genetic similarities of the founder inbred lines with their progenies subsequently developed for specific target traits. The results of pedigree analysis and SNP markers-based similarity scores identified 20 key founder inbred lines with significant contributions to the development of drought tolerant, early maturing, productive, Striga resistant, provitamin A enriched, and quality protein maize inbred lines. In our breeding program, line TZMi501 belonging to a flint heterotic group (HGA), and TZMi407-S and TZMi214, representing the dent heterotic group (HGB), were identified as the most useful founder inbred lines. The 623 inbred lines were consistently separated into four clusters based on Ward’s hierarchical clustering, structure, and principal component analyses, with the 20 founder inbred lines spread into all clusters. The founder inbred lines were more genetically related to the productive inbred lines but showed genetic divergence from the provitamin A enriched inbred lines. These results provide a better understanding of the breeding history of the sub-tropical maize inbred lines to facilitate parental selection aligned to existing heterotic groups for use in breeding programs targeting the improvement of essential traits in maize.
EHD1-dependent traffic of IGF-1 receptor to the cell surface is essential for Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis and metastasis
Authors: Chakraborty Sukanya , Bhat Aaqib M. , Mushtaq Insha , Luan Haitao , Kalluchi Achyuth , Mirza Sameer , Storck Matthew D. , Chaturvedi Nagendra , Lopez-Guerrero Jose Antonio , Llombart-Bosch Antonio , Machado Isidro , Scotlandi Katia , Meza Jane L. , Ghosal Gargi , Coulter Donald W. , Jordan Rowley M. , Band Vimla , Mohapatra Bhopal C. , Band Hamid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOverexpression of the EPS15 Homology Domain containing 1 (EHD1) protein has been linked to tumorigenesis but whether its core function as a regulator of intracellular traffic of cell surface receptors plays a role in oncogenesis remains unknown. We establish that EHD1 is overexpressed in Ewing sarcoma (EWS), with high EHD1 mRNA expression specifying shorter patient survival. ShRNA-knockdown and CRISPR-knockout with mouseEhd1rescue established a requirement of EHD1 for tumorigenesis and metastasis. RTK antibody arrays identified IGF-1R as a target of EHD1 regulation in EWS. Mechanistically, we demonstrate a requirement of EHD1 for endocytic recycling and Golgi to plasma membrane traffic of IGF-1R to maintain its surface expression and downstream signaling. Conversely, EHD1 overexpression-dependent exaggerated oncogenic traits require IGF-1R expression and kinase activity. Our findings define the RTK traffic regulation as a proximal mechanism of EHD1 overexpression-dependent oncogenesis that impinges on IGF-1R in EWS, supporting the potential of IGF-1R and EHD1 co-targeting.
Hepatic Encephalopathy following Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement
Authors: Thornburg Bartley 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex condition that arises as a complication of chronic liver disease and portosystemic shunting. Its pathophysiology involves several factors, including impaired ammonia metabolism, portosystemic shunting, sarcopenia, and systemic inflammation. The symptoms of HE can vary significantly, with manifestations ranging from subclinical signs to a comatose state. The West Haven classification system is most commonly used to grade the severity of HE. There is a broad differential for the presenting symptomatology of HE and other causes of altered mental status must be excluded during the workup. HE is a well-known complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement. Even though newer stent designs help reduce the risk of HE with smaller diameter shunts, it is essential that patients are counseled regarding this potential risk prior to the procedure. Once a diagnosis of HE has been confirmed, the mainstay of therapy is lactulose and rifaximin. In cases where a patient has received a TIPS placement and continues to experience refractory HE despite medical therapy, it may be necessary to consider shunt reduction or closure.
The determinants of the use of process control mechanisms in FDI decisions in headquarters–subsidiary relationships
Authors: Lin Chun-Chien , Chiao Yu-Ching , Chang Tung-Lung , Chang Yu-Chen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) motivations and technological resource commitment on headquarters’ employment of process control over subsidiaries, to better understand the process control mechanisms. Drawing on agency theory and the resource dependence perspective, a cross-sectional data model is developed among the 1541 Taiwanese manufacturing firms engaged in foreign investments, 1015 headquarters–subsidiary (HQ–Sub) relationships in China were selected from the database; in each of these relationships, the headquarters is located in Taiwan, while the subsidiary is located in China. Our findings reveal that the headquarters will use process control if the primary motivation for setting up a subsidiary in a host country is resource-seeking, but not use process control with market-seeking motivation. This control process relationship is enhanced/weakened/weakened by the headquarters’/subsidiaries’/partners’ technological resource commitment. Taiwanese multinational corporations (MNCs) from newly industrialized economies (NIEs) seeking to choose control mechanisms that fit their technological resources and FDI motivations in China are given guidelines. It adds to the use of control mechanisms with HQ-Sub literature. Both resource-seeking and market-seeking motivations shed light on technological resource commitment by various units of an MNC, to ward off information asymmetry.
Global online social response to a natural disaster and its influencing factors: a case study of Typhoon Haiyan
Authors: Shen Shi , Shi Ke , Huang Junwang , Cheng Changxiu , Zhao Min 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe global public interest in a natural disaster event will help disaster-stricken areas obtain post-disaster international relief and assistance. However, knowledge gaps still exist in regard to global online social responses and their socioeconomic influencing factors. We used big social media data regarding the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan to explore global online social responses and to investigate the socioeconomic factors influencing this behavior based on the Geographical Detector (Geodetector) model and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The results show that global online social responses have little relation with geographical distance and follow the disaster’s development. In addition to the most response in the disaster-affected countries, Western countries and neighboring countries have more online social response to the disaster than other regions. Among all the influencing factors, economic factors have the strongest effect on public interest both before and after the typhoon’s landfall. Our findings indicate that online social users are of great potential for volunteers and donors.
Biosynthesis of Manganese Nanoparticle Mn-NPs by the Fungus Aspergillus niger
Authors: Mohiudden Ahmed S. , Mohammed Mohammed J. , Jassim Mohammed A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The fungus isolate Aspergillus niger was obtained from the soil and in different sits from the University of Tikrit, where it was used in the preparation of manganese nanoparticles (Mn-NPs), so the results proved that the manganese solution at a concentration of (4Mm) changes color to pale yellow, and the color change is considered a preliminary indicator of the susceptibility of the fungus for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum of a solution of manganese nanoparticles was studied. It was found that it lies within the wavelengths of 421 nm and 451 nm, respectively. The results of the examination by the XR-D X-ray diffraction device confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in the solution, and the manganese nanoparticles appeared as clear particles in the transmission electron microscope (SEM) images. The results showed the size distribution of manganese nanoparticles, Mn-NPs, where they were distributed in the suspended sample at a rate of (87.39) nm, which was proportional to their density inside the solution.
Estimation of Genetic Distance Using RAPD Markers for Five Varieties of Citrullus lanatus L.
Authors: Sabri Halah Yaareb , Saeed Ammar Hashim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis experiment was conducted at the department of Horticulture and Landscape department, Tikrit University. The aim was to analyze genetic variation in five varieties ofCitrullus lanatusL. by using Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. DNA was isolated from plant leaves and 15 random primers were used. Variations between amplified pieces for each variety was detected by migrating samples on an agarose gel. The results showed a difference in the number of DNA replicated bundles and their molecular weights. The total number of bundles was 101, of which 83 were differentiated. The primer OP H-08 had the highest number of bands, while the lowest number was 1 bands for the primer OP D-18. There was also differences in the primers efficiencies. The primer OP H-08 showed the highest efficiency (12.871), and the primer OP D-18 showed the lowest (0.990). The primers OP F-05 and OP H-08 displayed the highest discriminating power(14.457), while the primers OP B-14, OP D-18 and OP E-03 recorded the lowest (0). The genetic distance had values ranged between 0.235 - 0.562. The largest genetic distance was between the varieties Charleston Gray and King Charleston. However, the varieties Charleston Gray and Crimson Sweet had the least distance.
The Effect of Nano-Fertilization and Tube Size on the Qualitative Characteristics of Two Types of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch)
Authors: Yassin Salma Kh. , Abdulrahman Harith Burhan Al-Din , Abdulrahman Ayyub Juma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in the unheated plastic house of the Horticulture and Landscaping Department of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit in the agricultural season 2021-2022. To study the effect of nano-fertilization at a concentration of 0, 1.5, and 3 g, and planting with different sizes of plastic tubes with a diameter of 4, 6, and 8 inches on the qualitative characteristics of two varieties of seedlings of the Fragaria ananassa Duch plant. Anthocyanins reached 18.16 mg 100gm-1, tube 6 inch was superior in terms of total acidity and reached 1.26%, while tubes 6 and 8 inch were superior in percentage of soluble solids, total sugars and percentage of dry matter in fruits. The cultivar Albion was significantly superior to the cultivar Rubygem in terms of total acidity, reaching 1.25%, while the cultivar Rubygem was superior to Albion in the percentage of total sugars, amounting to 2.23%, and the percentage of anthocyanins in the fruits, amounting to 17.51 mg 100g-1. Significant in the percentage of total solids, which amounted to 12.00%, and the percentage of total sugars, which amounted to 2.24%.
Use Microchitosan and Microzeolites as Additives to Treat the Individual and Synergistic Effect of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 Contaminant Broiler Diets
Authors: Al-Mjbel Akee Abd Shlij , Khalaf Raghad Ahmed , Allaw Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate and detect the ability of microcomponents of chitosan and zeolite to bind the different compositions of two types of mycotoxins contaminating the diet individually and synergistically. The birds were distributed to the treatments randomly and the first treatment was the control treatment without additions, the second treatment added 2 mg/kg of aflatoxin feed, the third treatment added 300 mg/kg of fumonisin feed, the fourth treatment added 2 mg/kg of feed from Aflatoxin + addition of 300 mg/kg feed of chitosan, the fifth treatment added 2 mg/kg of chitosan to a ration contaminated with aflatoxin 2 mg/kg of feed, the sixth treatment added 2 mg/kg of chitosan to a ration contaminated with 300 m 100 mg/kg of feed, the seventh treatment added 2 mg/kg of zeolite to a ration contaminated with aflatoxin 2 mg/kg of feed, the eighth treatment added 2 mg/kg of zeolite to a diet contaminated with fumonisin 300 mg/kg of feed, the ninth treatment was 2 mg/kg of chitosan + 2 mg/kg of zeolite was added to a diet contaminated with 2 mg/kg of aflatoxin and 300 mg/kg of fumonisin. The results of the statistical analysis indicate, the use of chitosan and zeolite together has shown promising results in reducing the levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin in crops. The combination of these agents could be a useful tool in the control of mycotoxins, with potential benefits for broiler health. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind this effect and to optimize the use of these agents.
The Effect of Partial Substitution of Fermented Potato Peeling Powder Instead of Yellow Corn on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Al-Shemmari Wala’a H. A. , Almashhadani Hisham A. S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in the chickens field of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 25/2/2022 to 1/4/2022. To study the effect of partial substitution of fermented potato peeling powder instead of yellow corn in broiler food on productive performance, 231 (Ross 308) broiler chicks were used in the experiment, distributed randomly to seven treatments of 33 chicks/treatment, each treatment containing three replicates and each replicate containing 11 chicks, as the chicks were classified at the age of one day, as each reproduce included six males and five females, and the experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment, T1: a comparison treatment containing yellow corn, at a rate of 48%, and the second treatment, T2, the third, T3, and the fourth, T4, in which fermented potato peels were replaced with kiwi juice At rates of 6, 12 and 18%, respectively, while the fifth treatment (T5), sixth (T6) and seventh (T7) included substituting fermented potato peels with the Iraqi probiotic, at rates of 6, 12 and 18%, respectively. Data were analyzed according to a completely randomized design (CRD). The features under study were recorded over three periods from 1 to 10 days begins phase, 11 to 24 days growth phase, and 25 to 35 days terminal phase according to the Ross 308 Production Manual. Data indicated There was a highly important decrease (P < 0.01) in treatment T4 and T7 compared to other treatments in average body weight, average weight gain, and food changed factor for different periods, while the replacement treatments of 6% and 12% fermented potato peelings with fortifier and kiwi juice did not differ significantly. with the comparison treatment. The treatments did not show significant differences in the amount of feed consumed in the different age stages of the study.
Study of some Functional Properties of Elastin Extracted from Bovine Leather
Authors: Al-Ghanimi Ghufran M. M. , Al-Rubaii Amera M. S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to detect elastin protein extracted from leftover bovine leather that is not used in other industries, by conducting some tests to identify this protein and its functional properties and the possibility of using it in scientific applications, as the chemical composition tests showed that it contains a high percentage of protein and low percentages of moisture, fat and ash, and some functional properties were conducted to find out the ability of elastin to bind water and oil compared to other studies, studying the structural and chemical characterization of the properties of elastin extracted by FTIR and amide groups extended to elastin, as the results of electron microscopy (SEM) revealed, the shape of elastin fibers showed that they have a structure similar to myofibrillar muscle fibers, except that they are coarser, asymmetric, and have an asymmetric extension, while the TGA test showed that elastin extracted from bovine leather has 5 peaks and fracture peaks for weight loss in percentage as a function of temperature and that elastin gets a weight loss of up to and 44.02% at a temperature of 600 C, while it was shown DSC calorimeter analysis It can withstand a temperature of up to 290 °C.
Effect of Stimulate of Sorghum Seeds with Banana Peel Extract and Citric Acid on Seeds Viability and Vigour
Authors: Hamd Azhar Hadi Msheewah , Hamza Jalal Hameed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sorghum seeds suffer from a low germination ratio, so a factorial experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during 2022 according to a Completely Randomized Design with four replications to study the effect of stimulating seeds with aqueous extract of banana peels with a concentration of (0, 15, 25 and 35%) and citric acid at concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1) on viability and vigour of seed properties. Seeds that soaked with banana peel extract at a concentration of 25% outperformed in first count (79.8%), final count (85.0%), radicle length (13.2 cm), plumule length (11.6 cm), and seedling vigour index (2109), noting that they didn’t differ significantly with a concentration of 35%. Concentration of 35% outperformed in seedling dry weight (0.015 mg), cold test (46.2%) and accelerated aging (65.0%). Citric acid at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 was superior at the first count (84.3%), final count (87.5%), radicle length (13.9 cm), plumule length (11.5 cm), seedling dry weight (0.014 mg), and seedling vigour index (2227). Concentration of 35% + 100 mg L-1 of banana peel extract and citric acid was significantly superior at final count (94.0%), radicle length (15.8 cm), plumule length (13.6 cm), seedling dry weight (0.017 mg), seedling vigour index (2761), accelerated ageing (75.0%), It can be concluded that banana peel extract is rich with nutrients and mineral elements that stimulate germination and seedling growth, and that citric acid provides an appropriate pH that increases the activity of the enzymes responsible for germination process, so it can be recommended that using a concentration of 35% + 100 mg L-1 of the aqueous extract of banana peels and citric acid together to enhance germination in sorghum.
Effect of Tillage Systems and Fungicide (Trichozon) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Associated Weeds Growth Parameters
Authors: Safi Hussain , Al-Mothefer Ahmad , Shanan Hader , Al-Edan Asmaa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The investigation was conducted in the 2019–2020 agricultural season in the Al-Thaghr area, north of Basrah Governorate, Iraq (latitude 31.145288N and longitude 47.431334E), in clay soil. Two factors were used in the investigation. The first factor was the three tillage systems (heavy tillage by the mouldboard plow, low tillage by the chisel plow, and the no-till system). The second factor was three concentrations of the biocide Trichozon (4 g m-2, 2 g m-2, and without adding pesticide). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the chisel plow recorded the lowest number and dry weight of weeds per square meter (16 plants m-2 and 0.24 g m-2 respectively). In contrast, the moldboard plow recorded the highest number and dry weight of weeds per square meter (79.6 plant m-2 and 14.17 g m-2, respectively).