bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of adult and egg predators on hatching plasticity of the pulmonate limpet
Authors: Wada Yoko , Iwasaki Keiji , Yusa Yoichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In response to predation risks during the embryonic period, prey animals from various taxonomic groups acquire plasticity in hatching time. In theory, the predators of the adult prey as well as the egg predators can influence hatching time. Similarly, not only the embryos but also the parents of the prey can regulate hatching time. However, research on the effects of adult and egg predators and factors that influence egg-hatching time is limited. To the best of our knowledge, no study has explored this phenomenon in marine invertebrates under natural conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of life stage-specific predators (i.e., adult and egg predators) on the hatching time of the pulmonate limpet (Siphonaria sirius) on an intertidal rocky shore. Although the presence of predators of adult prey did not affect the prey hatching time, the presence of egg predators accelerated their hatching. Moreover, the presence of egg predators following egg-laying accelerated hatching time. This indicates that embryos, rather than their parents, determine hatching time in response to their own predation risk. Siphonaria sirius is likely to have evolved plasticity in hatching time in response to high but fluctuating egg predation risk.
Provision for Energy: A Resource Allocation Problem in Federated Learning for Edge Systems
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Rajamanickam Leelavathi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The article explores an energy-efficient method for allocating transmission and computation resources for federated learning (FL) on wireless communication networks. The model being considered involves each user training a local FL model using their limited local computing resources and the data they have collected. These local models are then transmitted to a base station, where they are aggregated and broadcast back to all users. The level of accuracy in learning, as well as computation and communication latency, are determined by the exchange of models between users and the base station. Throughout the FL process, energy consumption for both local computation and transmission must be taken into account. Given the limited energy resources of wireless users, the communication problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the goal of minimizing overall system energy consumption while meeting a latency requirement. To address this problem, we propose an iterative algorithm that takes into account factors such as bandwidth, power, and computational resources. Results from numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption compared to traditional FL methods up to 51% reduction.
Tooth Brushing Practice in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sahile Addisu Tadesse , Wondimu Mitiku , Fikrie Endeshaw 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Oral hygiene refers to taking care and maintaining the cleanness of gum and teeth; a good oral hygiene practice promotes better oral health in general. Oral hygiene is the top public health concern of the population. Tooth brushing is a technique to keep oral hygiene from related complications. Therefore, this study provides the pooled prevalence of tooth brushing practice in Ethiopia.
Methods: Databases searched for articles systematically across PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari, EMBASE, and African Journals Online. Two reviewers independently conducted the selection, screening, reviewing, and data extraction using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and used the Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tools to assess the quality of evidence. All studies conducted in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2020, reporting tooth-brushing practices extracted for and imported into the Comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 for further analysis. Beggs and Eggers’s tests evaluated for publication bias with Higgins’s method evaluated for heterogeneity. A random-effects meta-analysis model with a 95% confidence interval was computed to estimate the pooled effect size (prevalence). Furthermore, the authors employed subgroup analysis based on the study area and sample size.
Results and Conclusion: After reviewing 36, 10 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of tooth brushing practice was 12.2 % (95% CI: 7.6%-19.2%). The review reported a lower level of tooth-brushing practice in Ethiopia. We recommended that special attention should be given to the oral hygiene of the Ethiopian people.
Invasive versus noninvasive management of older patients with non-ST elevation ACS: A retrospective analysis
Authors: zhai xinrong , zhang shuyi , chen yang , guan shaofeng , shi kailei , ye maoqing , qu xinkai , han wenzheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of invasive versus noninvasive management in patients aged 80 years or older with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS).
Methods: All 220 included patients were at least 80 years old at the time of diagnosis. We compared the prognoses of patients in the invasive group and the noninvasive group. The primary endpoint was all-causemortality, and the secondary endpoint was the occurrence of events, including readmission or visit to a chest pain center due to a myocardial ischemic event, heart failure or major bleeding.
Results: The median age was 84 years (IQR 83-87), and older patients were more likely to receive noninvasiveinterventions (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.92). The mortality HR when comparing noninvasive management with invasive management was 5.52 (95% CI1.80-16.92). When adjusted for diagnosis (UA or NSTEMI), the mortality HR increased to 6.17 (95% CI 2.04-18.64). Noninvasive management was associated with a higher incidence of events (HR 2.96, 95% CI1.51-5.82). However, no significant differences were observed in mortality or event HR when comparing complete revascularization with culprit-only percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Conclusions: For patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEACS, invasive management might be a better choice than noninvasive management. In terms of PCI strategy, culprit-only PCI could be considered.
The Experience of Psychiatry Residents with Individual Supervision in an ACGME-I Accredited Program in Qatar
Authors: Makki Ibrahim , Ouanes Sami , Carpio Shane Atienza , Ghuloum Suhaila 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The policies on resident supervision in the psychiatry training program at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar, meet the requirements of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education-International (ACGME-I). Unlike clinical supervision, little is known about how residents perceive individual supervision and its impact on their training.
The purpose of this study was to explore psychiatry residents’ feedback on weekly individual supervision, focusing on frequency, content, and perceived quality.
Method
We conducted an anonymous survey among all residents in the psychiatry department of HMC, exploring the number and content of individual supervision sessions received during the previous six months, and their satisfaction with supervision provided.
Results
Out of 25 residents, 20 responded to the survey. The results showed that 95% (n=19) of those who responded had received some form of supervision during the previous six-month period, 15% (n=3) had it consistently on a weekly basis, and only 5% (n=1) received no supervision at all. “Topics selected by the resident and/or the supervisor” was the most frequently provided response by the residents to highlight the content of supervision. The percentage of residents satisfied was proportional to the number of individual supervision sessions received.
Conclusion
Action must be taken to improve the standard of individual supervision to include training of faculty, time protection during supervision, and ongoing support from program leadership.
An approach for analysing the coupling effects between dynamics and tooth surface wear in a helical gear transmission system
Authors: XU Li Xin , Shi Yuan , Du Zhengzhu , Deng Shuzhi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An approach for analysing the coupling effects between dynamics and tooth surface wear in a helical gear transmission is proposed by integrating gear dynamics with modified Archard wear theory and the tooth time-varying meshing stiffness calculations. In this approach, the tooth time-varying meshing stiffness and dynamic backlash considering non-uniform wear are calculated and introduced into the dynamic model of a gear system to obtain the meshing force. The equivalent contact load from the meshing force using the Miner rule is brought into the wear model to predict tooth wear depths. The updated stiffness and backlash values caused by cumulative wear amount are re-submitted to the governing dynamic equation to perform a new round of calculations. Based on this analysis strategy, the coupling effects among dynamics, tooth non-uniform wear, time-varying meshing stiffness and backlash in a helical gear transmission is studied. The results indicate that the wear distributed across the tooth surface of a helical gear is non-uniform. With the increase in the cumulative amount of wear, the tooth meshing stiffness decreases and the tooth backlash converted from the accumulated wear amount is increased, which further decrease the dynamic performance of the transmission system.
Soil nitrous oxide emissions from sugarcane field affected by nitrogen fertilizer rate and inhibitors of urea hydrolysis and nitrification process
Authors: welutung phatchariya , pengthamkeerati patthra , Kachenchart Boonlue 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Reducing the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and inhibitors of urea hydrolysis and the nitrification process (UIs and NIs, respectively) could be the key to the successful mitigation of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, such information is limited for non-Annex I countries. This study focused on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and bare soil fields to evaluate the growth potential of the fertilizer rate with UIs, NIs and their combinations (UINIs) on soil N2O emissions. The N fertilizer rates applied were based on standard farmer practice (F) and soil analysis (S). The synthetic UI and NI used in this study were N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), the UIs and NIs from plants were garlic (Allium sativum L.) and ground neem seed (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. var. siamensis Valeton), and praxelis (Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob). The results showed that compared to F, reducing the N fertilizer rate and adding NIs in the sugarcane field decreased soil N2O emissions by up to 19.1%, followed by UINIs and UIs (17.0 and 15.9%, respectively), while there was 18.9% N2O reduction with praxelis. When applying the dressing, all inhibitors seem to have potential to inhibit microbial activity but there was an inconsistent significant difference on mitigated cumulative N2O. The use of inhibitors decreased soil N2O emission factor (EF) values in the sugarcane plots by 1.1–1.6%, compared to 1.8% for S treatment. Notably, F had a lower soil N2O EF (0.6%), possibly due to the relatively high N fertilizer rate applied in this study. The findings suggested that reducing N fertilizer use and applying UIs, NIs and UINIs had great potential to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. These results regarding the use of soil N2O EFs in a sugarcane field could provide supporting data for the national GHG inventory and be adopted for mitigation measures in Thailand.
Beyond the Active Site: The addition of a remote loop reveals a new complex biological function for chitinase enzymes.
Authors: Kozome Dan , Sljoka Adnan , Laurino Paola 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Loops are small secondary structural elements that play a crucial role in the emergence of new enzyme functions. However, our understanding of loop functions is mainly limited to the catalytic loops. To understand the function of remote loops in enzymes, we studied Glycoside hydrolase family 19 (GH19) chitinase - an essential enzyme family for pathogen degradation in plants. By revealing the evolutionary history and loops appearance of GH19 chitinase, we discovered that one loop which is remote from the catalytic site, is necessary to acquire the new antifungal activity. We demonstrated that this remote loop directly accesses the fungal cell wall, and surprisingly, it needs to adopt a defined structure supported by long-range intramolecular interactions to perform its function. Our findings prove that Nature applies this new strategy at the molecular level to achieve a complex biological function while maintaining the original activity one in the catalytic pocket, suggesting an alternative way to design new enzyme function.
Efficacy of interventions for orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Dandan , Zhang Qin , Yang Xiaoyan , Zhou Zheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Enamel demineralization in the vicinity of orthodontic brackets is more likely during fixed appliance orthodontic therapy. On the basis of a greater knowledge of the dynamic nature of white spot lesions, a variety of methods have been recommended, but the most successful ones are still up for debate. We searched three electronic databases: Central, PubMed, and Ovid EMBASE. Data abstraction and article selection were done in duplicate. There were no time limits nor language constraints. Microhardness value measurements was the main outcome. Ten randomised clinical trials with 468 samples were included in network meta-analysis. For efficacy, resin infiltration (RR:121.50, 95%CI: 51.45-191.55) and laser (RR: 55.54, 95%CI: 13.72-97.36) and asein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (RR:49.69, 95%CI: 0.87-98.51) were more favorable than control group, while resin infiltration was superior than fluoride varnish (RR: 103.39, 95%CI: 13.86,192.93) and had the highest cumulative ranking for the microhardness value (95.7%), according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value. resin infiltration, laser and asein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate have significantly microhardness value than control or no treatment, resin infiltration has significantly higher masking effect than fluoride varnish treatment. Because this conclusion is based on few high-quality trials, this finding should be viewed with caution.
Unraveling the Effects of Nitric Oxide Precursor and Inhibitor on Cerebellar Morphology in Female Wistar Rats: A Histological Investigation
Authors: Chegini Hamidreza , Chegini Azin , Gholamzad Amir , Sadeghi Hadis , Mougahi Seyed Mohammad Hossein Noori 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
In this study, the quantitative and qualitative effects of nitrogen monoxide on cerebellar histopathology, by increasing or decreasing in vivo production of this substance, were investigated.
Result
This study reports that there were no significant differences in cerebellar weight among the groups, but the L-Arg group showed an increase in cerebellar volume. In the L-Arg group, there were slight thickening and hyperchromatization of the granular and molecular layers of the cerebellum, and also Purkinje cell accumulation with lymphocytic invasion.
Conclusion
The findings of this study infer that L-Arginine may lead to histopathological changes in cerebellar tissue by elevating NO levels in the cerebellum. It is noteworthy that this study is unique as the injection of L-NAME did not cause any significant histopathological change, deviating from similar studies conducted previously
Sociobiome - Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status influence the gut microbiome in a multi-ethnic population in the US
Authors: Ahn Jiyoung , Kwak Soyoung , Usyk Mykhaylo , Beggs Dia , Choi Heesun , Ahdoot Dariush , Wu Feng , Maceda Lorraine , Li Huilin , Im Eun-Ok , Han Hae-Ra , Lee Eunjung , Wu Anna , Hayes Richard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is related to increased incidence and mortality due to chronic diseases in adults. Association between SES variables and gut microbiome variation has been observed in adults at the population level, suggesting that biological mechanisms may underlie the SES associations; however, there is a need for larger U.S. studies that consider individual- and neighborhood-level measures of SES in racially diverse populations. In 825 participants from a multi-ethnic cohort, we investigated how SES shapes the gut microbiome. We determined the relationship of a range of several individual- and neighborhood-level SES indicators with the gut microbiome. Individual education level and occupation were self-reported by questionnaire. Geocoding was applied to link participants’ addresses with neighborhood census tract socioeconomic indicators, including average income and social deprivation in the census tract. Gut microbiome was measured using 16SV4 region rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples. We compared α-diversity, β-diversity, and taxonomic and functional pathway abundance by socioeconomic status. Lower SES was significantly associated with greater α-diversity and compositional differences among groups, as measured by β-diversity. Several taxa related to low SES were identified, especially an increasing abundance of Genus Catenibacterium and Prevotella copri. The significant association between SES and gut microbiota remained even after considering the race/ethnicity in this racially diverse cohort. Together, these results showed that lower socioeconomic status was strongly associated with compositional and taxonomic measures of the gut microbiome, suggesting that SES may shape the gut microbiota.
Machine learning analysis and future risk prediction of weather-sensitive cardiovascular disease mortality during summer in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Ohashi Yukitaka , Ihara Tomohiko , Oka Kazutaka , Takane Yuya , Kikegawa Yukihiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Climate-sensitive diseases developing from heat or cold stress threaten human health. Therefore, the future health risk induced by climate change and aging societies worldwide should be assessed. In this study, we developed the prediction model for mortality of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, which are known weather- or climate-sensitive diseases, using machine learning techniques. We targeted daily mortality of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease in the 23 wards of Tokyo and in Osaka City, Japan during summer. The significance of delayed effects of daily maximum temperature and other weather elements on mortality was previously demonstrated using a distributed lag nonlinear model. We conducted machine learning (ML) including specified lag days, with important features of several temperature-related elements and air pressure-related elements for the mortality risk of IHD and cerebrovascular disease during the previous summers, respectively. These models, learned the past data, were used to evaluate the future risk of IHD mortality in Tokyo’s 23 wards owing to climate change by applying transfer learning architecture (TL). The ML incorporating TL predicted that the daily IHD mortality risk in Tokyo was averagely increased 29% and 35% at the 95th and 99th percentiles using a high-level warming climate scenario in 2045–2055, compared to the risk simulated using ML in 2009–2019.
Combination therapy; a novel strategy for effective eradication of Enterococcus faecalis in vitro
Authors: baseri milad , memar mohammad yousef , zohdi mahsa , samiei mohammad , torab ali , dizaj solmaz maleki , naseri amirreza , radmand faraz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the intracanal medicines including Calcium hydroxide (CH), Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO), Pantoprazole (PP), and Chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) in the individual and combinatorial form in in-vitrodesign in order to introduce an effective medicine for eradication of E.faecalis.
Methods: E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) was used for bacterial assays. The powder and gel forms of the tested compounds were used in the analysis. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the medicines were evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination using the broth microdilution method. The anti-biofilm effect of medicines were assessed by minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC).The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of antimicrobial agent combinations were detected using the checkerboard assay and determination of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI). Time-kill kinetics were done at zero, 2, 4, 6, 8 10, 12, and 24 h.
Results: Except the MIC of the NaOCl which was significantly lower than CH, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in MIC, and MBIC. Only the mixture of chlorhexidine and zinc oxide nanoparticles (CHX-nZnO) and the mixture of pantoprazole and zinc oxide nanoparticles (PP-nZnO) had synergic effect against planktonic and biofilm form of the E.faecalis. Except for CHX and nZnO in gel form, other medicines did not show significant anti-biofilm effects against E.faecalis. Furthermore, CHX-nZnO in the gel form showed stronger anti-biofilm effects.
Conclusion: Combination therapy would lead to higher antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects against E.faecaliscomparing to conventional intracanal medicaments. Among these medicines, CHX-nZnO showed promising results.
Characterization of three artworks attributed to the Costa Rican painter Fausto Pacheco: analysis of physical components and assessment of chemical and antimicrobial components of pictorial palette
Authors: Rivera-Romero M. C. , Varela-Mejía B. E. , Ugalde-Campos L. , Jaikel-Víquez D. , Calderón-Mesén P. , Ureña-Alvarado K. , Rojas-González A. M , Cubero-Campos M. , Redondo-Solano M. , Herrera-Sancho O.A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The use of analytical techniques in cultural heritage research represents an amazing multidisciplinary collaboration. In heritage studies, it is important to pay attention to authenticating, dating, and determining the origin of works of art. Three watercolors were analyzed: Paisaje con árbol, Paisaje con casa campesina and El puente, belonging to the collection of the Central Bank of Costa Rica and attributed to the national artist Fausto Pacheco Hernández. Employing multispectral imaging and innovative computational tools, we determined the state of conservation and biodeterioration of the works evaluated. By using spectroscopic techniques such as Fiber Optics Reflectance (FORS), X–Ray Fluorescense (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive X–Ray (SEM–EDX) we identified and compared different pigments in the artworks. Also, we determined the creative process of the artist. Based on our results, Paisaje con árbol was the most likely, of the three paintings, to be attributed to Costa Rican artist Fausto Pacheco, followed by Paisaje con casa campesina and lastly El puente. Finally, we studied the antibacterial and antifungal properties of two of the pigments identified in the paintings (ultramarine blue and yellow ochre). Both the bacterial and fungal isolates were more susceptible to the latter. Applying these kind of studies help to increase the database on the Costa Rican artist and his historical period, providing a better understanding of creative techniques and palettes, in order to strengthen the database for future works.