bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and correlates of concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine and/or gabapentinoid use among Ontario nursing home residents
Authors: Hogan David B. , Campitelli Michael A. , Bronskill Susan E. , Iaboni Andrea , Barry Heather E. , Hughes Carmel M. , Gill Sudeep S. , Maxwell Colleen J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundA concern with long‐term opioid use is the increased risk arising when opioids are used concurrently with drugs that can potentiate their associated adverse effects. The drugs most often encountered are benzodiazepines (BZDs) and gabapentinoids. Our study objectives were to examine trends in the concurrent use of opioids and BZDs, or gabapentinoids, in a Canadian nursing home population over an 11‐year period, and current resident‐level correlates of this concurrent use.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based, repeated cross‐sectional study among Ontario nursing home residents (>65 years) dispensed opioids between April 2009 and February 2020. For the last study year, we examined cross‐sectional associations between resident characteristics and concurrent use of opioids with BZDs or gabapentinoids. Linked data on nursing home residents from clinical and health administrative databases was used. The yearly proportions of residents who were dispensed an opioid concurrently with a BZD or gabapentinoid were plotted with percent change derived from log‐binomial regression models. Separate modified Poisson regression models estimated resident‐level correlates of concurrent use of opioids with BZDs or gabapentinoids.ResultsOver the study period, among residents dispensed an opioid there was a 53.2% relative decrease (30.7% to 14.4%) in concurrent BZD and a 505.4% relative increase (4.4% to 26.6%) in concurrent gabapentinoid use. In adjusted models, increasing age and worsening cognition were inversely associated with the concurrent use of both classes, but most other significantly related covariates were unique to each drug class (e.g., sex and anxiety disorders for BZD, pain severity and presence of pain‐related conditions for gabapentinoids).ConclusionsCo‐administration of BZDs or gabapentinoids in Ontario nursing home residents dispensed opioids remains common, but the pattern of co‐use has changed over time. Observed covariates of concurrent use in 2019/20 suggest distinct but overlapping resident populations requiring consideration of the relative risks versus benefits of this co‐use and monitoring for potential harm.
Fine particulate matter exposure and pediatric mental health outcomes: An integrative review
Authors: Trombley Janna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionClimate change is expected to worsen air pollution globally, which contributes to a multitude of negative health outcomes in humans.AimThe purpose of this integrative review is to examine the relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents.MethodsThis review utilized Whittemore and Knafl's methodology for conducting an integrative review. After a thorough search of the literature, 17 articles were selected for this review and evaluated utilizing the Johns Hopkins Evidence Based Practice Appraisal Tool.ResultsOf the 17 articles, all were quantitative observational study designs. The studies were then synthesized into four outcome themes. These themes included emergent and general psychiatric outcomes, neurodevelopmental disorders, stress and anxiety, and depression.DiscussionThe strongest evidence supports a possible correlation between PM2.5 exposure and adolescent mental health outcomes, although there were some studies that contradicted these associations. While research on this topic is in its early stages, more needs to be conducted to determine causality with any of the associations presented to improve generalizability of the findings.Implications for PracticeNurses must be aware of and part of the solution to address climate change and resulting air pollution, as it is a potentially significant threat to children's mental health in the 21st century.
Using data‐driven phenotyping to investigate the impact of sex on 3D human facial surface morphology
Authors: Matthews Harold S. , Mahdi Soha , Penington Anthony J. , Marazita Mary L. , Shaffer John R. , Walsh Susan , Shriver Mark D. , Claes Peter , Weinberg Seth M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effects of sex on human facial morphology have been widely documented. Because sexual dimorphism is relevant to a variety of scientific and applied disciplines, it is imperative to have a complete and accurate account of how and where male and female faces differ. We apply a comprehensive facial phenotyping strategy to a large set of existing 3D facial surface images. We investigate facial sexual dimorphism in terms of size, shape, and shape variance. We also assess the ability to correctly assign sex based on shape, both for the whole face and for subregions. We applied a predefined data‐driven segmentation to partition the 3D facial surfaces of 2446 adults into 63 hierarchically linked regions, ranging from global (whole face) to highly localized subparts. Each facial region was then analyzed with spatially dense geometric morphometrics. To describe the major modes of shape variation, principal components analysis was applied to the Procrustes aligned 3D points comprising each of the 63 facial regions. Both nonparametric and permutation‐based statistics were then used to quantify the facial size and shape differences and visualizations were generated. Males were significantly larger than females for all 63 facial regions. Statistically significant sex differences in shape were also seen in all regions and the effects tended to be more pronounced for the upper lip and forehead, with more subtle changes emerging as the facial regions became more granular. Males also showed greater levels of shape variance, with the largest effect observed for the central forehead. Classification accuracy was highest for the full face (97%), while most facial regions showed an accuracy of 75% or greater. In summary, sex differences in both size and shape were present across every part of the face. By breaking the face into subparts, some shape differences emerged that were not apparent when analyzing the face as a whole. The increase in facial shape variance suggests possible evolutionary origins and may offer insights for understanding congenital facial malformations. Our classification results indicate that a high degree of accuracy is possible with only parts of the face, which may have implications for biometrics applications.
Maslinic acid attenuates UVB‐induced oxidative damage in HFF‐1 cells
Authors: Cheng Yuxin , Xia Qingyue , Lu Zhiyu , Luan Xingbao , Fan Lipan , Wang Zhaopeng , Luo Dan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOxidative damage is one of the major mechanisms of ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced damage to the skin. Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural compound of pentacyclic triterpene acids. It has been proved to have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effects of MA on oxidative damage in human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF‐1) and the potential molecular mechanisms.MethodsA specific dose of UVB radiation was used to induce oxidative damage in HFF‐1. Based on this, we performed measurements of cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, inflammation‐related mediators, and NF‐κB nuclear localization with or without the addition of MA.ResultsMA significantly promoted cell proliferation viability at 10 and 20 μM. The addition of MA 24 h before UVB irradiation was more effective at enhancing cell proliferation and also produced lower ROS levels compared to co‐cultured fibroblasts and MA for 24 h after irradiation. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM. The pretreatment group with MA had elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, decreased IL‐6 generation, and lowered mRNA levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α and MMP3 in comparison with the UVB‐irradiated group without additional MA. Meanwhile, the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and the degradation of IκB were inhibited by MA pretreatment.ConclusionTaken together, these findings suggest that MA may alleviate UVB‐induced oxidative damage in HFF‐1 by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB.
Number of occlusal contacts during maximum intercuspation in dentate adults: A systematised review
Authors: Qadeer Sarah , Türp Jens Christoph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating occlusal contacts during maximum intercuspation is one of the requirements for guiding clinicians during occlusal corrections and has been a topic of considerable importance for researchers over many decades.ObjectiveThis systematised review intends to evaluate the average number of occlusal contacts present in dentate adults, as documented within the dental literature over the past four decades (1980s–2022).MethodologyElectronic searches were conducted in three databases (PubMed, Livivo and Ovid) using a combination of search words.ResultsA total of 651 records were identified through PubMed and another 37 records through Livivo and Ovid databases. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant records, 168 records were screened. Full texts of 61 articles remained, out of which 18 relevant papers that presented occlusal contacts in quantifiable value were considered. Various occlusal indicators, such as articulating paper, wax sheets, shimstock foil, impression material, gnathodynamometers and digital occlusal analysis systems, were used to evaluate occlusal contacts. The number of occlusal contacts widely ranged from 11 to 70. These variations likely depends upon the type and technique of occlusal indicator used, diversity among sampled populations and differing data collection procedures.ConclusionDifferent methods of identifying occlusal contacts in the intercuspal position yield different numbers and patterns of contacts, depending on the nature and physical properties of the indicators used.
Academic and Attendance Outcomes after Participation in a School Breakfast Program
Authors: Chandrasekhar Aparajita , Xie Luyu , Mathew Matthew S. , Fletcher Julie G. , Craker Kelsey , Parayil Megin , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLittle is known about how school breakfast programs are associated with school attendance and academic performance. This study evaluated Dallas Independent School District's (DISD) breakfast after the bell (BATB) program that provides breakfast for both habitually tardy and non‐tardy students on (1) academic performance and (2) student attendance over 2 school years.METHODSA pre‐post study design evaluated the impact of the BATB program in elementary/middle/high schools on student attendance and academic outcomes. Paired t‐tests evaluated changes in outcomes between 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 school years.RESULTSThe analytical sample consisted of 30,493 students (70.32% BATB participants, 50.47% male, 68.78% Hispanic). BATB participants were over 2.5 times more likely to attend school versus non‐BATB participants (aOR = 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.23‐2.92; p < .001). Compared to pre‐participation (2017‐2018), unadjusted models showed 2018 to 2019 BATB participants' mean reading scores increased from 1502.72 to 1545.76 during the 2018 to 2019 academic year (p < .001). There were no significant changes in reading and math scores over the 2‐year implementation after adjustment.CONCLUSIONSResults here showed that a school breakfast program that is housed in a large public school system that serves predominantly low resource, ethnically diverse students is associated with increased student attendance.
Walls between groups: Self‐uncertainty, social identity, and intergroup leadership
Authors: Hogg Michael A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLowering barriers between polarized groups and the identity silos they inhabit can be challenging in times of crisis and uncertainty. This article overviewsuncertainty‐identity theory’s analysis of the motivational role played by self‐uncertainty in group identification and group/intergroup behavior, and focuses on how self‐uncertainty can motivate zealous identification with “extremist” groups and identities. People need a clear sense of who they are to understand the world and their place within it, and to plan action and anticipate others’ behavior. They strive to reduce self‐uncertainty, and can achieve this by identifying with distinctive groups that have unambiguously defined social identities. Tumultuous social change can create identity threat, self‐uncertainty, and alienation from and marginalization in society. To reduce self‐uncertainty people zealously identify with ethnocentric, populist and xenophobic groups that are intolerant of dissent and have autocratic leaders—effectively building identity silos and walls between hyper‐polarized groups. Under these circumstances breaking down walls to reconcile polarized and hostile groups and identities is a challenge. I close by outliningintergroup leadership theory, and its implications for building harmony between polarized identities—a particular form of leadership and identity messaging plays a key role.
DNER and GNL2 are differentially m6A methylated in periodontitis in comparison with periodontal health revealed by m6A microarray of human gingival tissue and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Wang Zhenxiang , Chen Hang , Peng Limin , He Yujuan , Wei Jingjing , Zhang Xiaonan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the differences in the epigenomic patterns of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in gingival tissues between patients with periodontitis (PD) and healthy controls, identifying potential biomarkers.BackgroundAs a multifactorial disease, PD involves multiple genetic and environmental effects. The m6A modification is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification and linked to various inflammatory diseases. However, the m6A modification pattern and m6A‐related signatures in PD remain unclear.Materials and MethodsAn m6A microarray of human gingival tissues was conducted in eight subjects: four diagnosed with PD and four healthy controls. Microarray analysis was performed to identify the differentially m6A methylated mRNAs (DMGs) and the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs). The differentially methylated and expressed mRNAs (DMEGs) were subjected to functional enrichment analysis by Metascape. The weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and univariate logistic regression were performed to identify potential biomarkers. The cell type localization of the target genes was determined using single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) analysis. The m6A methylation level and gene expression of hub genes were subsequently verified by m6A methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR).ResultsIn total, 458 DMGs, 750 DEGs, and 279 DMEGs were identified based on our microarray. Pathway analyses conducted for the DMEGs revealed that biological functions were mainly involved in the regulation of stem cell differentiation, ossification, circadian rhythm, and insulin secretion pathways. Besides, the genes involved in crucial biological processes were mainly expressed in fibroblast and epithelial cells. Furthermore, the m6A methylation and expression levels of two hub biomarkers (DNER and GNL2) were validated.ConclusionThe current study exhibited a distinct m6A epitranscriptome, identified and verified two PD‐related biomarkers (DNER and GNL2), which may provide novel insights into revealing the new molecular mechanisms and latent targets of PD.
Inference for high‐dimensional linear models with locally stationary error processes
Authors: Xia Jiaqi , Chen Yu , Guo Xiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLinear regression models with stationary errors are well studied but the non‐stationary assumption is more realistic in practice. An estimation and inference procedure for high‐dimensional linear regression models with locally stationary error processes is developed. Combined with a proper estimator for the autocovariance matrix of the non‐stationary error, the desparsified lasso estimator is adopted for the statistical inference of the regression coefficients under the fixed design setting. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the desparsified estimators is established under certain regularity conditions. Element‐wise confidence intervals for regression coefficients are constructed. The finite sample performance of our method is assessed by simulation and real data analysis.
Demographic and spatially explicit landscape genomic analyses in a tropical oak reveal the impacts of late Quaternary climate change on Andean montane forests
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , Espelta Josep Maria , Armenteras Dolors , Díez María Claudia , Muñoz Alberto , Bonal Raúl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe tropical Andes are one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on Earth, yet our understanding of how their biotas have responded to Quaternary climatic oscillations is extraordinarily limited and the alternative models proposed to explain their demographic dynamics have been seldom formally evaluated. Here, we test the hypothesis that the interplay between the spatial configuration of geographical barriers to dispersal and elevational displacements driven by Quaternary cooling–warming cycles has shaped the demographic trajectories of montane oak forests (Quercus humboldtii) from the Colombian Andes. Specifically, we integrate genomic data and environmental niche modelling at fine temporal resolution to test competing spatially explicit demographic and coalescent models, including scenarios considering (i) isotropic gene flow through the landscape, (ii) the hypothetical impact of contemporary barriers to dispersal (i.e., inter‐Andean valleys), and (iii) distributional shifts of montane oak forests from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present. Although our data revealed a marked genetic fragmentation of montane oak forests, statistical support for isolation‐with‐migration models indicates that geographically separated populations from the different Andean Cordilleras regularly exchange gene flow. Accordingly, spatiotemporally explicit demographic analyses supported a model of flickering connectivity, with scenarios considering isotropic gene flow or currently unsuitable habitats as persistent barriers to dispersal providing a comparatively worse fit to empirical genomic data. Overall, these results emphasize the role of landscape heterogeneity on shaping spatial patterns of genomic variation in montane oak forests, rejecting the hypothesis of genetic continuity and supporting a significant impact of Quaternary climatic oscillations on their demographic trajectories.
Overruled by nature: A plastic response to environmental change disconnects a gene and its trait
Authors: Besnier François , Skaala Øystein , Wennevik Vidar , Ayllon Fernando , Utne Kjell Rong , Fjeldheim Per Tommy , Andersen‐Fjeldheim Kaja , Knutar Sofie , Glover Kevin A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Atlantic salmon, age at maturation is a life history trait governed by a sex‐specific trade‐off between reproductive success and survival. Following environmental changes across large areas of the Northeast Atlantic, many populations currently display smaller size at age and higher age at maturation. However, whether these changes reflect rapid evolution or plasticity is unknown. Approximately 1500 historical and contemporary salmon from the river Etne in Western Norway, genotyped at 50,000 SNPs, revealed three loci associated with age at maturation. These included vgll3 and six6 which collectively explained 36%–50% of the age at maturation variation in the 1983–1984 period. These two loci also displayed sex‐specific epistasis, as the effect of six6 was only detected in males bearing two copies of the late maturation allele for vgll3. Strikingly, despite allelic frequencies at vgll3 remaining unchanged, the combined influence of these genes was nearly absent in all samples from 2013 to 2016, and genome‐wide heritability strongly declined between the two time‐points. The difference in age at maturation between males and females was upheld in the population despite the loss of effect from the candidate loci, which strongly points towards additional causative mechanisms resolving the sexual conflict. Finally, because admixture with farmed escaped salmon was excluded as the origin of the observed disconnection between gene(s) and maturation age, we conclude that the environmental changes observed in the North Atlantic during the past decades have led to bypassing of the influence of vgll3 and six6 on maturation through growth‐driven plasticity.
Neither Progress nor Regress: The Theological Substructure of T. F. Torrance's Genealogy of Modern Theology
Authors: Sarisky Darren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractT. F. Torrance's corpus of historical and theological writings contains genealogical reflections on the field of Christian doctrine. The basic shape of the genealogy is determined by what Torrance calls certain “ultimates,” theological commitments that derive their justification not from other beliefs that possess more authority than they themselves do, but from the way in which they seek to depict God in himself and in his economic activity. Core ultimate beliefs include the doctrine of the Trinity, the incarnation, and the ascension and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. These beliefs, more than the idealization of any particular stretch of past history, underlie all of Torrance's genealogical work, for instance, the subjects against which he develops sustained polemic; the overall structure of his genealogical account, which bears only a superficial resemblance to a decline narrative; and, most importantly, the point around which the genealogy revolves, namely, the epistemic reconciliation between human beings and God. This essay illustrates the nature of the genealogical narrative by outlining Torrance's treatment of Scripture and its interpretation and closes by assessing his effort as a whole. While the genealogy contains drawbacks that are worth registering, Torrance's narrative rightly avoids the sort of sweeping evaluative judgments associated with some often‐discussed genealogies, and it properly places its focus on the perennial issue of divine‐human reconciliation, which manifests itself differently in a variety of historical circumstances, even as it is not ultimately contingent upon them.
It is not me, it is you: The emergence of secessionist parties in Western democracies
Authors: Rivard Alex B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough there exists a voluminous amount of existing literature that studies secessionist parties and the emergence of political parties more generally, there exists little that looks at the emergence of secessionist parties specifically. This article models the emergence of secessionist parties across western democracies and argues that the emergence of said parties is structured by both sociodemographic and political realities. This article shows that the structures of secessionist party entry differ across the arena in which parties compete: what influences emergence in subnational (provincial) elections differs than in national elections.