bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do tight environmental regulations cause economic contraction? Panel evidence from the European countries
Authors: Gorus Muhammed Sehid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeveloped countries have long tried to increase their environmental standards to mitigate the negative effects of economic activities. For this purpose, they impose environmental taxes, energy taxes, and emission limits. In the last decade, a new measurement technique for environmental policy was introduced: the Environmental Policy Stringency Index (EPS index). This index takes values from 0.00 to 6.00, and higher values refer to more stringent environmental policies, whereas lower values suggest lax policies. This study aims to explore the impact of the EPS index on economic activities at the aggregate and sectoral levels for 20 European countries covering the period 1995–2020. For this purpose, this study utilizes the dynamic panel data approach, the two‐step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation method. The empirical findings show that an increase in the EPS index causes a decline in economic growth at the aggregate level. At the sectoral level, it was found that the industry sector is negatively affected by increases in environmental standards. In addition to the system GMM results, this study employs the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel non‐causality test to detect causal linkages between variables. The empirical findings show that the EPS index Granger causes economic activity in almost all sectors. The empirical results indicate that environmental regulations should be carefully designed to prevent economic contraction. Policymakers need to develop policies to decrease dependency on fossil fuels in industrial production. Thus, they can subsidize firms to invest in productive and innovative areas.
The determinants of occupational distribution in Seoul metropolitan area: Comparison of high‐ and low‐skilled occupations
Authors: Park Sohyun , Lee Keumsook 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study we analyse the spatial distribution patterns of professionals and related workers in high‐skilled occupations and elementary workers in low‐skilled occupations in the Seoul metropolitan area and explore their geographical factors. Spatial autocorrelation relates to the formation and clustering of hot spots according to each occupational characteristic. Geographic factors affecting the distribution of workplaces and residences in professionals‐related occupations and elementary‐related occupations act differently for each middle occupational classification. However, some occupations show similar spatial distribution patterns. In particular, we found that industrial economic drivers have influence more significant than other regional factors in determining the distribution of workplace and residence by occupation. The spatial coefficient of geographical adjacency varies with the attributes of each occupation and tends to be larger in professional jobs. Findings from the study will help prepare policies related to local talents for specialisation and advancement of the occupational structure and will be of wider interest.
Improved recovery and annotation of genes in metagenomes through the prediction of fungal introns
Authors: Le Anh Vu , Větrovský Tomáš , Barucic Denis , Saraiva Joao Pedro , Dobbler Priscila Thiago , Kohout Petr , Pospíšek Martin , da Rocha Ulisses Nunes , Kléma Jiří , Baldrian Petr 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetagenomics provides a tool to assess the functional potential of environmental and host‐associated microbiomes based on the analysis of environmental DNA: assembly, gene prediction and annotation. While gene prediction is straightforward for most bacterial and archaeal taxa, it has limited applicability in the majority of eukaryotic organisms, including fungi that contain introns in gene coding sequences. As a consequence, eukaryotic genes are underrepresented in metagenomics datasets and our understanding of the contribution of fungi and other eukaryotes to microbiome functioning is limited. Here, we developed a machine intelligence‐based algorithm that predicts fungal introns in environmental DNA with reasonable precision and used it to improve the annotation of environmental metagenomes. Intron removal increased the number of predicted genes by up to 9.1% and improved the annotation of several others. The proportion of newly predicted genes increased with the share of eukaryotic genes in the metagenome and—within fungal taxa—increased with the number of introns per gene. Our approach provides a tool named SVMmycointron for improved metagenome annotation, especially of microbiomes with a high proportion of eukaryotes. The scripts described in the paper are made publicly available and can be readily utilized by microbiome researchers analysing metagenomics data.
Rhetorical coercion, institutional legitimacy and the creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
Authors: Yang Hai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article centres around one singular yet substantively important empirical puzzle: why did the United States fail to delegitimate the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank? I argue that a crucial factor missing from existing analyses is China's rhetorical coercion. To substantiate this argument, I first reconstruct from the perspective of framing the US‐China rhetorical contestation over the AIIB at the early stage. This results in the identification of seven competing frames pertaining to the purpose and procedural legitimacy of the bank: Sub‐standard, Tool and Rival promoted by the United States; High‐quality, Equality, Complement and Welcome Change by China. To flesh out China's rhetorical coercion, I gauge the coercive power of the frames identified before zooming in on Complement and Welcome Change and uncovering therein three coercive claims: shortfalls in Asia's infrastructure finance, weaknesses in the existing system of international financial institutions and inconsistency in the US approach to the AIIB and China's rise. These claims considerably restricted the room for the United States to engage in principled opposition, and in tandem with developments favourable to the AIIB (not least the participation of Western countries), enabled China to rhetorically coerce the United States.
Improved survival in patients with isolated liver metastasis at initial diagnosis with surgery at primary and metastatic sites: A population‐based study in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Chai Yue , Chen Yujie , Liu Jiaxuan , He Maiyue , Jiang Mingxia , Xu Binghe , Li Qiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, optimal treatment options, and survival outcomes of breast cancer patients with isolated liver metastasis (BCILM).MethodsPatients with breast cancer (BC) were selected from Incidence‐Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Research Plus Data, 17 registries between 2010 and 2019. The Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test were used to compare survival rates between patients who received or did not receive surgery for the primary and liver metastatic sites. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using Cox regression analysis.ResultsThis study included 17 743 stage IV BC patients, with 3604 (20.3%) patients experiencing liver metastasis at initial diagnosis. Of 3604 liver metastasis patients, 951 were diagnosed with BCILM. The median survival time of patients with BCILM who underwent surgery at the primary site (52.0 months) or distant sites (85.0 months) was significantly longer than that of patients who did not undergo surgery at the primary site (23.0 months) or distant sites (32.0 months). Univariate analysis indicated that age, race, histological grade, molecular subtype, T stage, N stage, surgery of the primary site, surgery to other regional/distant sites, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were prognostic factors affecting the overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of patients with BCILM (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that age, race, molecular subtype, T stage, surgery of the primary site, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. In the BCILM cohort, HR+/HER2+ patients exhibited the best OS and CSS, followed by HR−/HER2+, HR+/HER2−, and HR−/HER2− patients (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001).ConclusionSurgery at the primary and metastatic sites was associated with better survival in patients with BCILM. HER2+ patients with BCILM had a significantly better prognosis than HER2− patients.
Evaluation of trap type and attractant composition for potential mass trapping of Hylobius abietis
Authors: Heber Tobias , Helbig Christiane E. , Osmers Sören , Larquette Maike , Müller Michael G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Different trap types and attractant compositions were tested with the goal of attracting as many individuals of Hylobius abietis as possible while assuring a minimal bycatch of nontarget species with regard to the family Carabidae on three study sites in the east of Germany.
The results revealed a modified pitfall trap based on a model by Nordlander (1987, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2, 199–213.) as the most effective trap type with a high degree of selectivity and minimal ecological side effects.
The modified Nordlander trap is suitable for potential H. abietis mass trapping as an instrument of integrated pest management.
Two field trials testing different attractant compositions showed that a simple attractant combination of (−)‐α‐pinene and ethanol is as effective as other more complex combinations and thus preferable for mass trapping efforts.
The addition of the monoterpenes camphene, Δ‐3‐carene, ocimene and terpinolene to the combination of (−)‐α‐pinene and ethanol did not increase trapping numbers significantly.
Trapping numbers of H. abietis indicate that a reduction of the local H. abietis population by trapping is possible, though further research about the influence of mass trapping on regeneration damage is recommended.
Morphology of the digestive system of the lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)
Authors: Likidkarnchanakornkij Jettapol , Jindatip Depicha , Wannaprasert Thanakul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe lesser bamboo rat is a fossorial rodent within the monotypic genus Cannomys, family Spalacidae and is found in Indochina. The present work provides the first detailed description of the morphology of its digestive system, as examined by gross dissection and histological examination. The oesophagus was lined by a heavily keratinized epithelium and contained mostly striated muscles in the muscularis externa. The stomach was of the unilocular‐hemiglandular type with a cornified squamous area at the fundus separated from the glandular area by the limiting ridge. The length ratio of the small intestine to the entire intestine was relatively low compared to that in other rodents. The caecum contained five to seven haustra and numerous lymphoid tissues, but no distinct appendix. Within the long colon, two non‐papillated longitudinal folds forming a colonic groove, V‐shaped mucosal folds like fishbones and abundant goblet cells were apparent. A five‐lobed liver with a gallbladder and a diffuse pancreas were evident. These findings may indicate that the lesser bamboo rat is a caecal fermenter capable of feeding on highly abrasive plant material. Fermentation may take place via a mucus‐trap colonic separation mechanism without coprophagy. The digestive system of the lesser bamboo rat is somewhat different from that of spalacid relatives.
Lemborexant levels in breast milk after single doses in healthy, lactating women
Authors: Rawal Sumit , Brimhall Darin , Aluri Jagadeesh , Cheng Jocelyn Y. , Hall Nancy , Moline Margaret 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to determine the cumulative amount of lemborexant (a competitive dual orexin receptor antagonist approved to treat adults with insomnia) excreted in human breast milk and the relative infant dose (RID) as a proportion of daily maternal dose.MethodsE2006‐A001‐010 was a single‐centre, open‐label study that enrolled lactating women (≥18 years) who breastfed for ≥5 weeks postpartum. After overnight fasting, subjects received a single 10‐mg oral dose of lemborexant. Using a standardized electric pump, milk was sampled before and ≤240 h (10 days) after dosing; combined and total volume were recorded. The cumulative total amount of lemborexant excreted, fraction of dose excreted, daily infant dose and RID were calculated. Lemborexant concentration in human milk was assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsEight subjects completed the study. The mean cumulative total amount of lemborexant reached 0.0174 mg (coefficient of variation [CV] 54.5%; 0.174% of lemborexant 10 mg administered) in breast milk at 240 h (10 days); ~70% of excreted lemborexant accumulated in the first 24 h. For an infant weighing 6 kg, the daily infant dose was 0.00290 mg kg−1 (CV 54.5%) and the RID was 1.96% (CV 63.1%) of daily maternal dose. Mild treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported in 4 subjects; these all resolved by end of study.ConclusionTrace quantities of lemborexant were found in human breast milk. Lemborexant was well tolerated by healthy lactating women.
Sleep patterns among preschool offspring of parents with and without psychopathology: Association with the development of psychopathology in childhood
Authors: Levenson Jessica C. , Joseph Heather M. , Merranko John , Hafeman Danella M. , Monk Kelly , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Axelson David , Sakolsky Dara , Diler Rasim S. , Goldstein Tina , Birmaher Boris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDisturbed sleep during early childhood predicts social–emotional problems. However, it is not known how various early childhood sleep phenotypes are associated with the development of childhood psychopathology, nor whether these relationships vary as a function of parental psychopathology. We identified sleep phenotypes among preschool youth; examined whether these phenotypes were associated with child and parent factors; and determined if early sleep phenotypes predicted later childhood psychopathology.MethodsUsing data from the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring study, parents with bipolar disorder (BD), non‐BD psychopathology, and healthy controls reported about themselves and their offspring (n = 218) when their children were ages 2–5. Offspring and parents were interviewed directly approximately every 2 years from ages 6–18. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified latent sleep classes; we compared these classes on offspring demographics, parental sleep variables, and parental diagnoses. Kaplan–Meier survival models estimated hazard of developing any new‐onset Axis‐I disorders, as well as BD specifically, for each class.ResultsThe optimal LCA solution featured four sleep classes, which we characterized as (1) good sleep, (2) wake after sleep onset problems, (3) bedtime problems (e.g., trouble falling asleep, resists going to bed), and (4) poor sleep generally. Good sleepers tended to have significantly less parental psychopathology than the other three classes. Risk of developing new‐onset Axis‐I disorders was highest among the poor sleep class and lowest among the good sleep class.ConclusionsPreschool sleep phenotypes are an important predictor of the development of psychopathology. Future work is needed to understand the biopsychosocial processes underlying these trajectories.
Helicobacter macacaeMazF interplays with Escherichia coli homologs and enhances antibiotic tolerance
Authors: Zeng Xi , Hu Limiao , Ai Qi , Liu Cai‐Juan , Xiong Lu‐Xi , Yang Wei‐Wei , Zhang Xiaotuan , Liu Logen , Li Guo‐Qing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundToxin‐antitoxin systems are highly variable, even among strains of the same bacterial species. The MazEF toxin‐antitoxin system is found in many bacteria and plays important roles in various biological processes such as antibiotic tolerance and phage defense. However, no interplay of MazEF systems between different species was reported.Materials and MethodsMazEF toxin‐antitoxin system of Helicobacter macacae was examined in three Escherichia coli strains with and without endogenous MazEF knockout. In vivo toxicity, antibiotic tolerance, and live/dead staining followed by flowcytometry analysis were performed to evaluate the functionality and interplay of the toxin‐antitoxin system between the two species.ResultsControlled ectopic expression of MazF of H. macacae (MazFhm) in E. coli did not affect its growth. However, in endogenous MazEF knockout E. coli strains, MazFhm expression caused a sharp growth arrest. The toxicity of MazFhm could be neutralized by both the antitoxin of MazE homolog of H.macacae and the antitoxin of MazE of E. coli, indicating interplay of MazEF toxin‐antitoxin systems between the two species. Induced expression of MazFhm enhanced tolerance to a lethal dose of levofloxacin, suggesting enhanced persister formation, which was further confirmed by live/dead cell staining.ConclusionsThe MazEF toxin‐antitoxin system of H. macace enhances persister formation and thus antibiotic tolerance in E. coli. Our findings reveal an interplay between the MazEF systems of H. macacae and E. coli, emphasizing the need to consider this interaction while evaluating the toxicity and functionality of MazF homologs from different species in future studies.
Conditional recurrence analysis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Changes in recurrence rate and survival after recurrence resection by disease‐free interval
Authors: Maki Harufumi , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Nagata Rihito , Mihara Yuichiro , Ichida Akihiko , Ishizawa Takeaki , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Arita Junichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe prognosis of patients with resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is still unsatisfactory, with a high recurrence rate. We aimed to evaluate risks of recurrence changing over time and the survival benefit of resection for recurrent ICC.MethodsThis study included patients who underwent hepatectomy for ICC during 1995–2020. Risk factors for recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients undergoing initial resection and overall survival (OS) in patients who developed recurrence after initial resection were analyzed. Conditional cumulative incidence of recurrence was assessed.ResultsA total of 169 patients were included in the study and 114 patients (67.5%) developed recurrence. Cumulative analyses showed that the 5‐year recurrence rate was 69.3% at the time of initial resection but decreased to 24.8% in patients free from recurrence at 2 years after initial resection and 2.6% in patients free from recurrence at 4 years. Re‐resection was carried out in 26 (22.8%) of 114 patients who developed recurrence. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis indicated re‐resection (hazard ratio [HR] 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11–0.40, p < 0.001), microvascular invasion (MVI) (HR 2.39; 95% CI 1.05–5.40, p = 0.037), and disease‐free interval (months) (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–1.00, p = 0.067) were significantly associated with longer OS after recurrence.ConclusionsAlthough the rate of recurrence remains high, conditional cumulative recurrence rate analysis showed that the rate of recurrence decreased by disease‐free interval. Resection of recurrent ICC was associated with improved OS, particularly among patients with longer disease‐free interval and absence of MVI after initial hepatectomy.
South European mountain butterflies at a high risk from land abandonment and amplified effects of climate change
Authors: Mora Amparo , Wilby Andrew , Menéndez Rosa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Data from existing monitoring schemes point to a global crisis of butterflies across Europe, with habitat loss/degradation, climate change and chemical pollution as the main drivers of decline.
The existing butterfly time series from Western Europe come from densely populated, relatively flat areas. However, population trends from less populated areas, such as mountain ranges in the south of Europe, have been less studied, despite these areas harbouring one of the highest butterfly biodiversity of the continent.
Here, we analyse trends for butterfly populations in a Southwestern Europe mountain range (Picos de Europa, Northwest Spain), for the last 9 years (2013–2021), across an altitudinal gradient (80–2000 m). We show that this region, protected as National Park more than 100 years ago, is nonetheless under a great threat, with a decline in butterfly abundance of, on average, 5.7% per year (45.7% cumulative decline in the last 9 years).
Species at higher elevations are faring worse than those at low elevations and communities at mid‐elevations (below the tree line) are changing towards higher abundance of species with a preference from closed habitats. Combined effects of amplified climate change in mountains and habitat loss, due to abandonment of traditional management, appear to be affecting both individual species and community composition of butterflies in our study area.
Characterization of Na2Zn2TeO6 ceramic solid electrolyte densified by hot pressing
Authors: Itaya Akihiro , Ono Yuki , Yamamoto Kazuki , Inada Ryoji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, we applied hot pressing (HP) for the densification of Na2Zn2TeO6 (NZTO) at lower temperature than conventional furnace sintering (FS). Calcined NZTO powder was densified by HP at 700°C for 1 h under uniaxial pressure of 20 and 60 MPa using a graphite mold. By increasing the uniaxial pressure to 60 MPa for HP, high relative density above 90% was obtained. As‐prepared NZTO by HP showed total (bulk + grain‐boundary) ionic conductivity of 0.29 mS cm−1 at room temperature, which is lower than NZTO prepared by FS at 800°C (=0.4 mS cm−1) with lower relative density (<85%). It was found that the contribution of grain‐boundary resistance in as‐prepared NZTO by HP is larger than NZTO by FS. We confirmed that the grain‐boundary resistance was significantly reduced by post‐annealing. Consequently, total conductivity at room temperature was improved to 0.42 and 0.56 mS cm−1 by annealing at 700 and 800°C for 2 h, respectively. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the residual carbon‐contained secondary phases were reduced by post‐annealing. These secondary phases could be formed by the carbon contamination from a graphite mold used for HP, and their removal by post‐annealing results in the improvement of ionic conduction at grain‐boundary.