bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telencephalon Organoids Derived from an Individual with ADHD Show Altered Neurodevelopment of Early Cortical Layer Structure
Authors: Zhang Danmeng , Eguchi Noriomi , Okazaki Satoshi , Sora Ichiro , Hishimoto Akitoyo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in early childhood and can persist to adulthood. It can affect many aspects of a patient's daily life, so it is necessary to explore the mechanism and pathological alterations. For this purpose, we applied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived telencephalon organoids to recapitulate the alterations occurring in the early cerebral cortex of ADHD patients. We found that telencephalon organoids of ADHD showed less growth of layer structures than control-derived organoids. On day 35 of differentiation, the thinner cortex layer structures of ADHD-derived organoids contained more neurons than those of control-derived organoids. Furthermore, ADHD-derived organoids showed a decrease in cell proliferation during development from day 35 to 56. On day 56 of differentiation, there was a significant difference in the proportion of symmetric and asymmetric cell division between the ADHD and control groups. In addition, we observed increased cell apoptosis in ADHD during early development. These results show alterations in the characteristics of neural stem cells and the formation of layer structures, which might indicate key roles in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Our organoids exhibit the cortical developmental alterations observed in neuroimaging studies, providing an experimental foundation for understanding the pathological mechanisms of ADHD.
Graphical Abstract
Accounting for Diversity in Robot Design, Testbeds, and Safety Standardization
Authors: Fosch-Villaronga Eduard , Drukarch Hadassah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScience has started highlighting the importance of integrating diversity considerations in medicine and healthcare. However, there is little research into how these considerations apply, affect, and should be integrated into concrete healthcare innovations such as rehabilitation robotics. Robot policy ecosystems are also oblivious to the vast landscape of gender identity understanding, often ignoring these considerations and failing to guide developers in integrating them to ensure they meet user needs. While this ignorance may be for the traditional heteronormative configuration of the medical, technical, and legal world, the ending result is the failure of roboticists to consider them in robot development. However, missing diversity, equity, and inclusion considerations can result in robotic systems that can compromise user safety, be discriminatory, and not respect their fundamental rights. This paper explores the impact of overlooking gender and sex considerations in robot design on users. We focus on the safety standard for personal care robots ISO 13482:2014 and zoom in on lower-limb exoskeletons. Our findings signal that ISO 13482:2014 has significant gaps concerning intersectional aspects like sex, gender, age, or health conditions and, because of that, developers are creating robot systems that, despite adherence to the standard, can still cause harm to users. In short, our observations show that robotic exoskeletons operate intimately with users’ bodies, thus exemplifying how gender and medical conditions might introduce dissimilarities in human–robot interaction that, as long as they remain ignored in regulations, may compromise user safety. We conclude the article by putting forward particular recommendations to update ISO 13482:2014 to reflect better the broad diversity of users of personal care robots.
Romanticizing decolonization and Asian epistemology: reflections on identity and space
Authors: Lee Jack T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent calls for the decolonization of the academy demand recognition for diverse canons of knowledge . Asia’s economic ascent also imparts rising confidence among Asian scholars and institutions to promote indigenous knowledge. While these global calls for emancipation are invigorating, decolonial scholarship is prone to sterile theorization, historical fixity, and an overt romanticization of the Global South. Drawing on my lived experiences as an Asian academic, I reflect on decolonization and Asian epistemology from five different spaces in my life: (1) Northern Europe, (2) Toronto, (3) Southeast Asia, (4) Kazakhstan and (5) the United Kingdom. I analyze these spaces by using the concepts of intellectual captivity and decolonization from Syed Hussein Alatas and Kuan-Hsing Chen. Specifically, the tendency for decolonization movements to descend into nationalism, nativism, and civilizationalism provides provocative insights on epistemic justice (Chen, 2010). I demonstrate how epistemology as practice can reveal a colonial mindset even among academics who engage in social justice discourse and international work. I also highlight examples of indigenous knowledge that reinforce inequality based on race, gender, sexual orientation and religion. As more individuals with hybrid identities (race, culture, and nationality) enter academe and pursue careers that require international mobility, it is imperative that decolonization moves beyond reductive categories of identity that reproduce stereotypes. I conclude with reflections on the role of comparative and international education research in decolonization movements.
De-noising groundwater level modeling using data decomposition techniques in combination with artificial intelligence (case study Aspas aquifer)
Authors: Shahbazi Maryam , Zarei Heidar , Solgi Abazar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConsidering the recent significant drop in the groundwater level (GWL) in most of world regions, the importance of an accurate method to estimate GWL (in order to obtain a better insight into groundwater conditions) has been emphasized by researchers. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) models were initially employed to model the GWL of the Aspas aquifer. Secondly, in order to improve the accuracy of the models, two preprocessing tools, wavelet transform (WT) and complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), were combined with former methods which generated four hybrid models including W-ANN, W-SVR, CEEMD-ANN, and CEEMD-SVR. After these methods were implemented, models outcomes were obtained and analyzed. Finally, the results of each model were compared with the unit hydrograph of Aspas aquifer groundwater based on different statistical indexes to assess which modeling technique provides more accurate GWL estimation. The evaluation of the models results indicated that the ANN model outperformed the SVR model. Moreover, it was found that combining these two models with the preprocessing tools WT and CEEMD improved their performances. Coefficient of determination (R2) which indicates model accuracy was increased from 0.927 in the ANN model to 0.938 and 0.998 in the W-ANN and CEEMD-ANN models, respectively. It was also improved from 0.919 in the SVR model to 0.949 and 0.948 in the W-SVR and CEEMD-SVR models, respectively. According to these results, the hybrid CEEMD-ANN model is found to be the most accurate method to predict the GWL in aquifers, especially the Aspas aquifer.
Optimal design and cost analysis of water distribution networks based on pressure-dependent leakage using NSGA-II
Authors: Ghobadian Rasool , Mohammadi Kamran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLeakage from water distribution networks (WDNs) is inevitable. Therefore, during design a WDN, engineers add a percentage of each nodal water demand as leakage discharge to total node demand. The amount of leakage depends on the pressure, which is not known at the design stage. Considering a constant percentage of node demand in lieu of its leakage makes the problem worse. In this study, the effect of leakage on the optimal WDN design was investigated by developing the matrix form of the gradient algorithm while accounting for leakage using the pressure-dependent model. Non-dominated genetic algorithm version II (NSGA-II) was used as the optimization engine with two objectives which includes minimizing the network construction cost and minimizing the total network pressure deficiency. Two well-known two- and three-loop WDNs in literature were studied. The results indicated that the pressure-dependent leakage varies between 12.9 and 29.44% of the node demand while the network construction cost stays the same if compared with the fixed percentage leakage model, and the construction cost would increase by 17–31%, if leakage is not accounted for. This is expected the optimized diameters and hydraulic characteristics of the networks being affected by the leakage calculation method.
Modeling the river-aquifer via a new exact model under a more general function of river water level variation
Authors: Saeedpanah Iraj , Golmohamadi Azar Ramin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe interaction between surface water and groundwater is a significant topic in groundwater-related problems. This study suggests an exact model based on Laplace transformation to calculate the groundwater flow in river-aquifer systems. Exact models play an important role in simulating the future behavior of river-aquifer systems. Therefore, investigation of the exact models for river-aquifer systems is a hot topic in the hydraulics of groundwater flow modeling. The objective of this research is to present new exact models for simulating the hydraulics of groundwater flow in river-aquifer systems with a more general function of river level variation under recharge by means of Laplace transform method. A general function is adopted to describe the river level variation, in which some situations such as linear, exponential and power of time variations in the river level can be treated as special cases. The effects of variations in aquifer parameters on groundwater hydraulic head are evaluated. It is shown that the groundwater hydraulic head grows slower in aquifers with a greater thickness or hydraulic conductivity. In addition, the effect of changes in specific storage is too little on the groundwater hydraulic head. The variations in hydraulic heads due to changes in recharge rate with different values of thickness, hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, and length are analyzed. It is observed that the groundwater hydraulic head in an aquifer with a lesser length, higher hydraulic conductivity or higher thickness is less sensitive to a change in the recharge rate than in an aquifer with a higher length, lesser hydraulic conductivity or lesser thickness. Furthermore, it is shown that the differences in hydraulic heads due to the increase in recharge rate are not significant for different values of specific storage. The results of the present new exact models are successfully verified by the results obtained from the analytical solution of Bansal and Das. Also, for more reliability, the results are compared with those results of MODFLOW. The results show that the presented new exact models are accurate, robust and efficient. One of the advantages of the solutions is to investigate the sensitivity analysis of aquifer parameters, which has been carried out in this paper. Furthermore, in the present research a more general function describing river level variation is considered, in which the linear, exponential and power of time variations are special cases.
Synthesis of activated carbon from cherry tree waste and its application in removing cationic red 14 dye from aqueous environments
Authors: Askari Roya , Mohammadi Faezeh , Moharrami Amir , Afshin Shirin , Rashtbari Yousef , Vosoughi Mehdi , Dargahi Abdollah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe environment is threatened by a diversity of pollutants, and synthetic dyes are considered a foremost environmental pollutant among them. The characteristics detected for the dye, e.g., toxicity and carcinogenicity, have brought severe problems for humans and aquatic organisms. The present study was done to clarify the potential of activated carbon made from cherry tree wood (CWAC) in the adsorption of cationic red 14 dye. In our experimental-laboratory study, the changes in removal efficiency were assessed by considering the changes in values of pH, concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. In addition, the nature of our prepared adsorbent was defined based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. The concentration of dye after the completion of experiments was recorded using a spectrophotometer at 514 nm. Evaluating the attained data by isotherm and kinetic models were also considered. Our results demonstrated the enhancement in the efficiency of the studied process at higher contact times, temperatures, and pH and its decline at higher initial dye concentrations. pH = 11, time of 45 min, dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and AC mass of 0.25 g/l were optimal values in obtaining the highest removal of the studied dye. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order (PSO) with (R2 = 0.9972) and (R2 = 0.9947) were the best isotherms and kinetic models in the description of the observed data, respectively. Considering the results, CWAC could be effectively utilized for the adsorption of cationic red 14 dye from solutions.
The reallocation of water and ecosystem service values in arid ecosystems with the implementation of an ecological water diversion project
Authors: Lu Zhixiang , Feng Qi , Xie Jiali , Yin Zhenliang , Zhu Meng , Xu Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rational allocation of the water resources in drylands and the scientific evaluation of their values are important for the regional sustainable development. We estimated the water consumption of each ecosystem in Ejina Oases in the arid area in northwest China based on the water balance equation, then assessed their ecosystem service values (ESVs) using the value per unit area method and the value equivalent factor per unit area method considering the cost of water consumption, respectively, and calculated their water productivities from 1990 to 2015. With the implementation of the ecological water diversion project (EWDP) in 2000, the deciduous broadleaf forest dominated by Populus euphratica had an increasing trend, meanwhile, lakes had a changing process from shrinking and drying up to recovery and expansion from 1990 to 2015. The total water consumption in Ejina Oases decreased from 5.26*108 m3 in 1990 to 4.79*108 m3 in 2000, and then increased continually to 5.97*108 m3 in 2015. The water consumption of forest, grassland and cultivated land hardly changed, while the water consumption of water or wetland changed obviously. The total ESVs estimated using the value per unit area method in Ejina Oases decreased from 1052.6 to 787.3 million ¥ in the period of 1990–2000, then increased to 1500.6 million ¥ in 2015, while the ESVs estimated using the value equivalent factor per unit area method decreased from 6368.7 million ¥ in 1990 to 5892.0 million ¥ in 2000, then increased to 7139.9 million ¥ in 2015, and the latter method was more reasonable. The results showed that the EWDP started in 2000 led to the reallocation of water resources and transfer of ESVs among ecosystems, which had obvious performance in the ecological environment and social economy. This study provided a comprehensive view of water use and management, ecological restoration and socio-economic development in this key ecological function zone, and will help decision-makers to formulate the scheme of rational allocation and efficient utilization of water resources in the basin.
NiFe(CoFe)/silica and NiFe(CoFe)/alumina nanocomposites for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2
Authors: Pryhunova Olha , Dyachenko Alla , Ischenko Olena , Diuyk Vitaliy , Goncharuk Olena , Oranska Olena , Bonarowska Magdalena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fumed SiO2 and Al2O3 oxides with a specific surface area of about 80 m2 g–1 were used for the synthesis of Ni(80)Fe(20)/SiO2, Co(93)Fe(7)/SiO2, Ni(80)Fe(20)/Al2O3 and Co(93)Fe(7)/Al2O3 nanocomposites, and numbers between brackets indicate the metal content in wt%, being 10 wt% of the mass of catalysts. Catalytically active bimetallic compositions (NiFe and CoFe) that modified the fumed oxides’ surface were prepared using the solvate-stimulated method with subsequent thermal decomposition and reduction of the metal oxides to corresponding metals with hydrogen. The catalysts were characterized using the TGA in dynamic hydrogen, nitrogen physisorption, and PXRD methods. The complete conversion of carbon dioxide is observed in the temperature range of 350–425 °C at the maximum methane yield of 72–84%. The long-time catalytic test demonstrates the high stability of the catalyst during 5 weeks of exposure to the reaction mixture. The yield of methane was decreased by 3–14% after 1–2 months of long-time testing.
Eco-friend shellfish powder of the mussel Brachidontes variabilis for uptake lead (II) ions
Authors: Mahmoud Safaa A. , Orabi Adel S. , Mohamedein Lamiaa I. , El-Moselhy Khalid M. , Saad Eman M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aims to employ clam powder as an environmentally acceptable sorbent to capture lead(II) from an aquatic media. Mussel Brachidontes variabilis “Mytilus arabicus” shells collected from the intertidal zone of the Gulf of Suez for producing shellfish powder (SFP). Before and after lead loading, SFP sorbent was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Maximum Pb(II) ion removal capacity of SFP sorbent was done as a function of shacking duration interval, SFP particle size, pH, Pb (II) ion concentration, SFP dose, temperature, and agitation rate. Numerous mathematical kinetic and isothermal approaches were used to equilibrium experimental data to validate the highest bio-sorption capabilities of SFP (in mg g-1). Optimal conditions were determined to be 90 min, 0.063 mm SFP particle size, pH 5.5, 130 mg L-1 Pb(II) ions in 50 mL solution, 0.05 g SFP, 25o C, and 250 rpm. In this sorption process, the Qasi-1st order and monolayer Langmuir isothermal simulations were prominent. In terms of thermodynamics, the capturing of Pb (II) by SFP was spontaneous (−ΔGo), endothermic (+ΔHo), and highly disordered at the interface of phases (+ΔSo). In addition, SFP sorbent was used well to uptake Pb ions from effluents wastewater and various water matrices.
Early Efforts to Smelt Iron in Central Anatolia: Analysis of Iron Artefacts from the Bronze Age in Kaman-Kalehöyük
Authors: Kucukarslan N. , Ota T. , Kobayashi K. , Nakamura E. , Omura S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA group of iron artefacts were excavated from the stratigraphic layers at Kaman-Kalehöyük in Central Anatolia, which were dated to the Middle and Early Bronze Ages. Some of them were re-analysed to discuss the state of iron production during such early periods, in terms of intentional carburization. The artefacts were re-examined via a minimally invasive approach by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to determine their chemical composition and microstructure. It was observed that the artefacts are composed of iron and/or steel. However, it is difficult to assert that they were produced as steel intentionally, because of their varying C contents and the lack of correlation between C content and artefact type. Such a finding could highlight the range in early efforts to smelt iron, while ancient metal workers were trying to figure out how to control furnace conditions during the Bronze Age in Central Anatolia.
A new screen-printed electrode for selective determination of bismuth in different authentic samples
Authors: Aglan Refaat F. , Hamed Mostafa M. , Saleh Hosam M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new potentiometric method based on the screen-printed ion-selective electrode (SPISE) was described for the determination of Bi(III) ion in different authentic samples. The novelty is based on, for the first time, the utilization of the cerium zirconium phosphotungstate (CZPT) in a screen-printed electrode (SPE) as a sensing material. In the literature, there is no screen-printed ion-selective electrode for the determination of Bi(III) ion. The influences of the paste composition, different conditioning parameters and foreign ions on the electrode performance were investigated. The reversibility and also response time of the electrode have been studied. The electrode showed a Nernstian response of 18.2 mV decade−1 in the concentration range of 3.3 × 10−7–1 × 10−1 mol. L−1. The electrode was found to be usable within the pH range of 3.5–8.0 and exhibited a fast response time, limit of detection (LOD) (1 × 10−7 mol. L−1), limit of quantification (LOQ) (3.33 × 10−7 mol. L−1), long lifetime and good stability. The matched potential method (MPM) was applied to determine the selectivity coefficient. The isothermal temperature coefficient (dEo/dt) of the electrode was calculated. The electrode was successfully applied for the determination of Bi(III) ion in different authentic samples. By comparing the current results with those obtained using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, the nominated Bi(III) screen-printed ion-selective electrode has attained acceptable and efficient performance.
Fear of weight gain during cognitive behavioral therapy for binge-spectrum eating disorders
Authors: Butler Rachel M. , Lampe Elizabeth , Trainor Claire , Manasse Stephanie M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Fear of weight gain may play a central role in maintaining eating disorders (EDs), but research on the role of fear of weight gain during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-E) for binge-spectrum EDs is sparse. We examined changes in fear of weight gain during CBT-E for binge-spectrum EDs. We investigated whether fear of weight gain predicted loss of control (LOC) eating or weight change.

Methods
Participants (N = 63) were adults of any gender recruited as part of a larger trial. Participants received 12 sessions of CBT-E, completed diagnostic assessments at pre-, mid-, and post-treatment, and completed brief surveys before sessions.

Results
Fear of weight gain decreased across treatment, moderated by diagnosis. Those with bulimia nervosa spectrum EDs (BN-spectrum), compared to binge eating disorder, reported higher fear of weight gain at baseline and experienced a larger decrease in fear across treatment. Those reporting higher fear of weight gain at a given session experienced more frequent LOC episodes the following week. Fear of weight gain was not associated with session-by-session changes in BMI.

Conclusion
CBT-E results in decreases in fear of weight gain, but levels remain high at post-treatment, especially for those with BN-spectrum EDs. Future interventions should consider targeting fear of weight gain as a maintaining factor for LOC episodes

Trial registration
NCT04076553.

Level of evidence
Level II controlled trial without randomization.
Screening e terapia dell’ipertensione arteriosa nel paziente con massa del surrene
Authors: Canu Letizia 
Published: March 2023

SommarioIl riscontro di incidentaloma surrenalico è un’evenienza sempre più frequente a causa del sempre più largo utilizzo di esami radiologici e spesso, poiché sia gli incidentalomi surrenalici che l’ipertensione sono entrambi più frequenti con l’avanzare dell’età, le due affezioni coesistono. In tutti i pazienti è necessario effettuare una corretta valutazione biochimica che nel paziente iperteso comprende anche la diagnosi di iperaldosteronismo primitivo, oltre a quella di ipercortisolismo ed eccesso di catecolamine. Nelle forme secernenti l’indicazione è chirurgica dopo adeguata preparazione del paziente.