bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel N‐Acylethanolamide Derivatives Affect Body Weight and Energy Balance
Authors: Avraham Yosefa , Berry Elliot M. , Merchavia Shira , Vorobiev Lia , Najajreh Yousef , Furman Svetlana , Zwas Donna R. , Albeck Amnon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction – The obesity pandemic is multifactorial. Nutritional, pharmacologic and surgical interventions are limited in reach and efficacy, raising need for new therapeutics.Aims – Characterization of anorexigenic and cognitive effect and central mechanism of action of novel N‐acylethanolamide derivatives.Methods – Sabra mice divided to similar experimental groups, injected IP with: oleyl‐L‐leucinolamide (1 A), linoleyl‐L‐leucinolamide (4 A), linoleyl‐L‐valinolamide (5 A), oleyl‐oxycarbonyl‐L‐valinolamide (1 B), oleyl‐oxycarbonyl‐D‐valinolamide (2 B), oleylamine‐carbonyl‐L‐valinolamide (3 B), oleylamine‐carbonyl‐D‐valinolamide (4 B), and oleyl‐L‐hydroxyvalineamide (5 B). Control group with vehicle. Body weight and food consumption followed for 39 days. Motor activity and cognitive function by open field test and eight‐arm maze. Mice sacrificed and mechanism of action investigated by qPCR. The genes analyzed involved in energy balance and regulation of appetite. Catecholamines and serotonin evaluated.Results – Compounds 1 A, 5 A, 1 B–4 B, caused significant weight loss of 4.2–5.6 % and 5 A, 1 B–4 B, improved cognitive function following 8 i. p. injections of 1 mg/kg during 39 days, by different mechanisms. 5 A, 3 B and 4 B decreased food consumption, whereas 1 A, 5 A and 2 B increased motor activity. 1 A, 4 A, 1 B and 3 B elevated SIRT‐1, associated with survival. POMC upregulated by 1 B and 2 B, CART by 1 B, 2 B and 1 A. NPY and CAMKK2 downregulated by 5 A. 4 B enhanced 5‐HT levels. 4 A, 5 A, 1 B, 4 B, 5 B decreased FAAH, showing long lasting effect.Conclusions – These new compounds might be developed for the treatment of obesity and for improved cognitive function.
Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Stemodia viscosa Roxb. of Western Ghats Region, India
Authors: Moyo Alfredi A. , Jagadhane Kishor S. , Bhosale Sneha R. , Patil Devashree N. , Shimpale Vinod B. , Anbhule Prashant V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study shows the chemical profile, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects of Stemodia viscosa extracts. Thirteen bioactive compounds were identified in the 80 % ethanolic extract by GC/MS analysis. The acetone extract exhibited a higher content of flavonoids and phenols of 805.10 μg QE/mg DW and 89.31 μg GAE/mg DW extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the acetone extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50=9.96 μg/mL). The 80 % ethanolic extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity; the highest activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition of 25±0.51 mm, MIC value of 4 mg/mL, and MBC value of 8 mg/mL. The antiproliferative results revealed the presence of anticancer activity with an IC50=91.562 and 74.362 μg/mL against the B16F10 skin and COLO205 colon cancer cells, respectively. The flow cytometric analysis shows that the plant extracts cause cancer cell death through the induction of apoptosis. Our findings confirmed that Stemodia viscosa is a potential source of biologically active compounds.
First‐principles Screening of Transition‐Metal Doped FeS2 As Sulfur Cathode Host for Sulfur Redox Chemistry
Authors: Wei Cheng‐Dong , Xue Hong‐Tao , Yin Ruo‐Jiao , Zhang Hong‐Yi , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Tang Fu‐Ling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe sulfur cathode host Fe1‐xMxS2 (M=transition‐metal; x=0, 0.125, and 0.25) for the sulfur redox chemistry is essential to facilitate the fast charge‐discharge kinetics of lithium‐sulfur‐batteries (LSBs). Applying first‐principles calculations, the formation energy, conductivity, work function, charge redistribution, chemical adsorption, and catalytic performance of Fe1‐xMxS2 are systematically investigated. Ti/V‐doped FeS2 has low lattice distortion and formation energy, and facilitates the Li+ diffusion due to charge redistribution. Chemical adsorption for polysulfides (LiPSs) is closely related to d‐band center of Fe1‐xMxS2. Li2S's activation begins with the transfer of electrons from the electron‐rich metal center to the empty orbitals of Li2S. Gibbs free energy change of Li2S4 to Li2S determines the catalytic efficiency. Li2S deposition and decomposition affects the redox kinetics of sulfur. Ti/V‐doped FeS2 has superior conductivity, chemical adsorption, and has low thermodynamic barrier of Li2S deposition. Li2S decomposition tends to occur on Fe0.875Ti0.125S2(001) surface. In general, Ti/V‐doped FeS2, as the host material of the sulfur cathode, is more beneficial to the cycle performance of LSBs. The electrochemical properties of sulfur cathode host materials can be controlled by doping, and can be manipulated and optimized in a certain range through electronic structure and chemical composition design in LSBs.
Improving the textural and microstructural quality of cow meat by black chokeberry, grape, and hawthorn vinegar‐based marination
Authors: Unal Kubra , Babaoğlu Ali Samet , Karakaya Mustafa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the effects of vinegar‐based marinades on pH, technological properties, color, microstructure, texture, and sensory characteristics of 9‐year‐old Holstein meat which had tough texture. To marinate the Longissimus lumborum steaks, three different marinades were prepared depending on the different additions of vinegar: black chokeberry (BV), grape (GV), and hawthorn vinegars (HV). The group with water (without vinegar) was prepared as a control sample (C). The steak samples were dipped into the vinegar‐based marinades and stored at 4°C for 24 h. Vinegar‐based marinades decreased the pH and cooking loss of the samples (p < .05). The highest a* values were determined in the BV group, while the samples marinated with vinegar‐based marinades had lower L* values than the control group (p < .05). The samples marinated with grape vinegar marinade had the lowest hardness, WBSF, and WBSE values (p < .05). SEM images and sensory analysis results also supported these texture results. The results suggest that grape vinegar‐based marinade may be a promising natural tenderizer to improve textural characteristics of tough meats.
Increasing capitation in mixed remuneration schemes: Effects on service provision and process quality of care
Authors: Skovsgaard Christian Volmar , Kristensen Troels , Pulleyblank Ryan , Olsen Kim Rose 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany health systems apply mixed remuneration schemes for general practitioners, but little is known about the effects on service provision of changing the relative mix of fee for services and capitation. We apply difference‐in‐differences analyses to evaluate a reform that effectively reversed the mix between fee for services and capitation from 80/20 to 20/80 for patients with type 2 diabetes. Our results show reductions in provision of both the contact services that became capitated and in other non‐capitated (still‐billable) services. Reduced provision also occurred for guideline‐recommended process quality services. We find that the effects are mainly driven by patients with co‐morbidities and by general practitioners with high income, relatively many diabetes patients, and solo practitioners. Thus, increasing capitation in a mixed remuneration schemes appears to reduce service provision for patients with type 2 diabetes monitored in general practice with a risk of unwanted quality effects.
Implementing Cognitive Work Analysis to Support Early Phases of Sociotechnical System Development
Authors: Heever Henk van den , Oosthuizen Dr Rudolph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSystems engineering (SE) is applied to bring about complex systems, such as sociotechnical systems (STS), based on stakeholder requirements. Introducing new technology into an existing STS may result in unexpected emergent behaviour when prevailing processes, procedures and information flows are challenged. Due to the complexity associated with emergence, the resultant system may fail to achieve the desired utility fully, or the work system produced may not be desirable. Cognitive work analysis (CWA) provides a framework for analyzing, modelling, and designing STS. This study proposes applying CWA modelling to requirement analysis for new technology introduction as part of a validation workflow in aid of SE. Work domain analysis (WDA), the first step in the CWA framework, is applied to a test case, and the resultant abstraction hierarchy (AH) models are analyzed to evaluate the perceived utility. This article shows how analysts were able to apply the method and uncover possible design emergence. We hope that the methods presented herein will aid more designers in applying CWA as part of the SE life‐cycle toward successfully implementing complex STS.
Advanced Statistical Methods in Spacecraft Flight Software Cost Estimation: Bayesian Regression and Nonlinear Principal Components Analysis to Support System Engineering in the Early Project Lifecycle
Authors: Fleischer Samuel R. , Hihn Jairus M. , Johnson James K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the new features and model updates in the upcoming release of the NASA Analogy Software Cost Tool (ASCoT). ASCoT, hosted within the Online NASA Space Estimation Tools (ONSET) on the One NASA Cost Engineering (ONCE) Database, is a web‐based tool that provides a suite of estimation tools to support early lifecycle NASA flight software cost analysis. In addition to the traditional parametric flight software costing method CO‐COMO II, ASCoT contains a Bayesian linear regression to predict total flight software development cost as a function of total spacecraft cost, as well as four analogic methods:k‐Nearest Neighbors (kNN) and Clustering models to predict Effort (in work‐months) and total source lines of code (SLOC). These methods are designed to work primarily with system‐level inputs such as mission type (orbiter, lander, etc.), mission destination (Earth, Inner Planetary, etc.), and the number of instruments and deployables. Nonlinear principal components analysis (NLPCA) is performed to find the principal features of the data composed of both categorical and numerical variables and is necessary prior to defining our analogic methods. Sensitivity analyses and in‐ and out‐of‐sample model performance results are presented for the Bayesian CER and the analogic models.
Tilting at Windmills: Drivers, Risk, Opportunity, Resilience and the 2021 Texas Electricity Grid Failure
Authors: Hause Matthew , Kihlstrom Lars‐Olof 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo put it very simply, but not at all clearly, the 2021 Texas electricity grid failure was both caused by and not caused by the use of renewable energy. In 2020, 46 percent of Texas's energy was generated by natural gas, coal 18 percent, nuclear 11 percent, and renewables wind power 23 percent, and solar 2 percent. During the winter months when power demand is lowest, renewables can rise to up to 55%. When the historic winter storms hit, the biggest problem was the lack of winterization of all types of generation systems and supporting infrastructure. All the of the systems failed to various degrees. So why weren't these systems winterized? Mostly it was a lack of incentives. The government provided no financial incentives and did not mandate winterization. These winter storms were once in a century event, and companies could not make a business case with reasonable ROI to winterize. Companies that did manage to operate sold power and gas for up to 400% more than normal due to the lack of supply and increased demand. So, there was a built‐in disincentive to not invest. What happened was a complex system of systems failure the size and scale of Texas and to explain it all would require a book. This paper will look at the risks, opportunities, and drivers of Texas electric grid, what caused it to fail, and incentives to succeed in the future. We will also examine incentive systems gone wrong such as the Cobra Effect.
Don't Mix the Tenses: Managing the Present and the Future in an MBSE Context
Authors: Axehill Johanna Wallén , Herzog Erik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhen implementing MBSE in complex systems development, it is never about only ONE model or only ONE language. Instead, there is a need to be able to handle different aspects over time, i.e., to separate what it shall become at the end (the future) from what it is for each specific product configuration (the present). This is especially evident in large‐scale projects with complex products having very long life cycles. Therefore, there is a need for models capturing the long‐time perspective, i.e., defining the desired future state of a system, together with models representing the current state of design, and models describing in detail how it will be in the near future. In the paper, a structured way to separate those tenses is presented in a context of the complex systems development of a fighter aircraft, allowing for representing multiple realisation models for a system element. Enablers for achieving this separation over tenses is discussed, where extensive configuration management is one key aspect.
Effect of extraction methods on phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of de‐kernelled Sclerocarya birrea seeds
Authors: Rama Haripriya , Ndaba Busiswa , Maaza Malik , Dhlamini Mokhotjwa Simon , Cochrane Nicolene , Roopnarain Ashira 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMarula (Sclerocarya birrea) is an indigenous African fruit‐bearing tree with many commercial uses; however, de‐kernelled seeds generated from marula fruit‐processing are wasted. The phytochemical constituents of de‐kernelled marula seeds have not been investigated previously and its extract/tea may potentially serve as a promising source of antioxidants and phytochemicals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different extraction methods (maceration and decoction) on the recovery of phenolic compounds, sugars, organic acids, and antioxidants from de‐kernelled marula seeds.RESULTSExtracts produced from decoction for 30 min contained the highest phenolic content (2253.93 ± 25.72 mg gallic acid equivalent kg‐1 extract), flavonoid content (1020.99 ± 23.90 mg rutin equivalent kg‐1 extract), as well as combined sugars and organic acids (1884.03 mg kg‐1 extract). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups typically present in phenolic compounds, sugars, and organic acids in the extracts obtained from decoction.CONCLUSIONThe characterization revealed that decoction extraction increased solubility, variety, and yield of phytochemical and antioxidant compounds recovered from de‐kernelled marula seeds. The highest concentrations of phytochemicals were obtained using the decoction method. This study may therefore pave the way for extract composition and future utilization of de‐kernelled marula seeds in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Climate factors regulate the depth dependency of soil organic carbon under grazing exclusion in Chinese grasslands: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Cuoji , Shi Lina , He Yicheng , Yao Zeying , Lin Zhenrong , Hu Meng‐ai , Yin Ning , Xu Hengkang , Li Yikang , Zhou Huakun , Lu Xinmin , Liu Kesi , Shao Xinqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoil carbon (C) is one of the most abundant C pools in terrestrial ecosystems, and its dynamics is highly dependent on soil depth. Grazing exclusion (GE) has proven to be a promising approach for enhancing C sequestration; however, the comprehensive analysis on the depth distribution of soil C and driving factors of soil C dynamics under GE are still lacking. This study collected data comprising 563 paired observations from 75 papers to analyze the distribution characteristics and the driving factors of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes with soil depth under GE in Chinese grasslands. The results showed that GE positively contributed to soil C sequestration, and the change range of SOC were higher (47.70%) in the subsoil (>20 cm) than in the topsoil layer (0–20 cm; 29.24%). Furthermore, SOC was influenced by GE duration, exhibiting an increasing trend and reaching its highest value at 13–15 years of GE, then remaining stable or slightly decreasing thereafter. Boosted regression trees (BRTs) showed that climatic factors were the primary determinants of SOC changes; however, the key drivers of SOC varied across different soil depths. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the key driver of topsoil C dynamics, accounting for 32.7% of the variance. In contrast, mean annual temperature (MAT) regulated the response of subsoil SOC to GE, explaining 48.23% of the variance. In addition, plant biomass was a significant factor influencing the depth distribution of soil C under GE, and its effect on SOC decreased with increasing soil depth. Our study provides evidence that the subsoil has a greater potential for C sequestration than the topsoil layer after GE, and future studies should consider deep soil C dynamics to accurately assess C sequestration in grassland ecosystems.
Malnutrition accelerates the occurrence of infectious complications in patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross‐sectional survey of 682 patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wang Weihong , Dai Lili , Ma Jianwei , Gu Lingna , Xie Haofen , Fu Jianfei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the influencing factors of infectious complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of CKD.MethodsA total of 682 patients with CKD were selected and divided into CKD stage 1–5 subgroups according to their glomerular filtration rate. Infectious complications, length of hospital stay, and total cost of hospitalization were recorded. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic tool was used to assess the detection rate of malnutrition among patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in patients with and without infectious complications.ResultsThe incidence rates of infectious complications in CKD stages 1–5 were 45.6%, 22.7%, 28.3%, 30.8%, and 40.4%, respectively. The overall detection rate of malnutrition among patients based on the GLIM criteria was 16.7%. The total detection rate of severe malnutrition was 14.2%, with all patients with severe malnutrition in CKD stages 3–5. The incidences of infectious complications in patients with and without malnutrition were 62.3% and 29%, respectively. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that malnutrition is a risk factor for infectious complications in patients with CKD, who are at 2.41 times higher risk than patients without malnutrition. There were significant differences in length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs between the patients with CKD with and without infectious complications (P < 0.01).ConclusionInfectious complications are relatively common in patients with CKD. As CKD advances, the incidence of infectious complications increases. Moreover, malnutrition accelerates the occurrence of infectious complications in patients with CKD.
Ethical and Theological Approaches to the Value Discourses in Europe
Authors: Mandry Christof 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chapter first identifies those issues that arise when an ethical concept of value is transferred from the individual to a political community. It then argues that European values should be understood as political values associated with Europe as an ‘imagined community’. Based on a discourse history of European values in the context of European integration in the twentieth century, the historical-political process in which value semantics prevailed over other identity-related expressions is established. European values and the understanding of the European Union, it can be shown, are to be understood as the solution to a political problem, namely how the EU can function as a democracy without being a state in its own right. European values thus fulfil a certain fundamental political function, which can be more precisely characterised as a bridging function between the different historical experiences and cultural imprints of the European communities. The ethical implications of this function of values are then discussed, with the tension between universality and particularity playing a central role. The chapter concludes with reflections on the current challenges facing European values and, with them, democracy in Europe.
Quantitative titanium imaging in fish tissues exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Suárez-Oubiña Cristian , Mangone Annarosa , Giannossa Lorena C. , Nuñez-González Laura , Herbello-Hermelo Paloma , Bermejo-Barrera Pilar , Moreda-Piñeiro Antonio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImaging studies by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have been successfully developed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on the presence/distribution of titanium (ionic titanium and/or titanium dioxide nanoparticles) in sea bream tissues (kidney, liver, and muscle) after exposure assays with 45-nm citrate-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Laboratory-produced gelatine standards containing ionic titanium were used as a calibration strategy for obtaining laser ablation–based images using quantitative (titanium concentrations) data. The best calibration strategy consisted of using gelatine-based titanium standards (from 0.1 to 2.0 μg g−1) by placing 5.0-μL drops of the liquid gelatine standards onto microscope glass sample holders. After air drying at room temperature good homogeneity of the placed drops was obtained, which led to good repeatability of measurements (calibration slope of 4.21 × 104 ± 0.39 × 104, n = 3) and good linearity (coefficient of determination higher than 0.990). Under the optimised conditions, a limit of detection of 0.087 μg g−1 titanium was assessed. This strategy allowed to locate prominent areas of titanium in the tissues as well as to quantify the bioaccumulated titanium and a better understanding of titanium dioxide nanoparticle spatial distribution in sea bream tissues.
Graphical abstract
A procedurally just flyer reduces subsequent speeding offences: evidence from the Queensland Speeding Engagement Trial (QSET)
Authors: Bates Lyndel , Bennett Sarah , Irvine Claire , Antrobus Emma , Gilmour John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to test the impact of a procedural justice letter intervention that was delivered with traffic infringement notices on subsequent speeding offences.

Method
This study used the Queensland Speeding Engagement Trial (QSET) to experimentally test the impact of using the principles of procedural justice within a police issued letter, on individuals detected speeding by cameras. Participants in the control condition (n = 7946) received a speeding infringement notice as per normal while those in the experimental condition (n = 8209) received the procedurally just letter in addition to the speeding infringement notice. Administrative data for the 12 months following the intervention was used to identify if participants engaged in subsequent speeding and other traffic offending behaviours.

Results
The results indicated that the intervention reduced subsequent speeding offences for drivers 25 years and older in the experimental condition when compared with the control condition. No differences were found for other types of traffic offences.

Conclusions
Thus, this study demonstrates that the effects of procedural justice (a) can be achieved through purposeful written communication and (b) reduce subsequent offending behaviour.