bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic and relational strategies for advice giving in an online commercial context
Authors: Yuan Wen , Jin Yue 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Studies on online advice-giving have focused on non-profit public platforms but rarely examined it in commercial contexts, where the advisor has the motive of seeking economic interests. This study investigates advice-giving in the first five-minute part of paid live talks, which is free but designed to entice the audience to pay for the remaining part. Transcripts of 123 five-minute recordings are collected. This study analyzes individual speakers’ use of discursive moves and the corresponding relational strategies, as well as their effectiveness in boosting online sales. The results indicate that four discursive moves, i.e., metacomment, general information, advice, and assessment, are the most frequently used, with a large majority of advice phrased in declaratives. Statistical analysis showed that inexperienced, non-expert, and low-community-status speakers tend to use more bonding, and expert, experienced, high-community-status, and male speakers prefer to use more hedging. In addition, the effects of bonding, empathizing, and hedging on sales are consistently positive, while those of criticizing are negative; the above effects are moderated by the speaker’s social status. This study adds to the understudied issue of advisors’ relational negotiations and their resultant outcome in public commercial contexts.
Air contamination, syringe contamination, and cross-contamination when using an automatic compounding device for sensitizing drugs
Authors: Sessink Paul , Cajaraville Gerardo , Tamés Maria José , Riestra Ana , Alcorta Andrea , Telleria Naiara , Grisaleña Jaione 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To measure cross-contamination between batches of different sensitizing drugs, contamination on the outside of compounded syringes, and drug concentrations in environmental air when using an automated compounding device.

Methods
One batch of piperacillin/tazobactam syringes followed by one batch of meropenem syringes were compounded daily for three consecutive days by one operator. For each batch two hundred syringes were filled. During each batch, three stationary air samples (two inside and one outside the compounding device), and one personal air sample were collected. At the end of the compounding process, the outside of 40 syringes was tested for drug contamination by wipe sampling. The drug compounded was checked for cross-contamination with the other drug compounded in the previous batch. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of piperacillin and meropenem.

Results
Piperacillin was measured in environmental air inside the device (8.1–335 ng/m3), outside the device (5.2–21 ng/m3), and in the personal air samples of the operator (15 and 155 ng/m3) during two batches. Meropenem was not detected during meropenem compounding. Piperacillin was found in the air samples of the operator during two batches (12 and 15 ng/m3). Meropenem was not detected in any of the air samples. The drug compounded was found on the outside of the syringes for all batches (piperacillin: 1.35–30 ng/cm2; meropenem: 0.07–0.65 ng/cm2). Piperacillin was detected on the syringes in all meropenen batches (0.56–11 ng/cm2), and meropenen in two piperacillin batches (0.07 and 0.46 ng/cm2). The drug solutions show no cross-contamination with the other drug for any of the batches.

Conclusions
Cross-contamination was not found and the drug concentrations in environmental air were below the Occupational Exposure Limit of 0.1 mg/m3. The automatic compounding device meets the criteria for a safe compounding of sensitizing drugs for patient and operator.
Research on Temperature Stability of Asphalt Based on Improved Softening Point Test
Authors: Xue Zhihua , Wang Lan , Li Chao , Zhang Le 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The softening point is one of the important indexes used to evaluate the high-temperature performance of asphalt. However, some modified asphalt softening points show irregular changes before and after aging, and the correlation with other high-temperature indexes is not high, which has been a concern for researchers. To this end, this work takes styrene-butadiene-styrene–modified asphalt as the research object and long- and short-term aging as the condition, through the improvement of softening point test and combined with the temperature-sensitive correlation, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic shear rheology tests, to explore the significance of improving the softening point test–related indicators to provide new ideas for the asphalt performance evaluation system.
Protein Kinase A-Dependent Plasticity of Local Inhibitory Synapses from Hilar Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons
Authors: Hernández-Vivanco Alicia , Jiménez-Redondo Esther , Cano-Adamuz Nuria , Méndez Pablo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHippocampal inhibitory neurons (INs) contact local targets and project to different brain areas to form synapses on distal neurons. Despite the importance of INs for hippocampal function and interregional brain communication, the impact of activity-dependent plasticity mechanisms on local and long-range GABAergic synapses formed by hippocampal INs remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we use optogenetic-coupled electrophysiology in mice to show that protein kinase A (PKA), a master regulator of GABAergic synapse plasticity, causes a form of long-term potentiation of inhibitory synapses (iLTP) in hippocampal granule cells (GCs). This form of iLTP is observed in GCs synapses originated in local INs expressing the marker somatostatin (SST), but not in those expressing parvalbumin. Long-range synapses formed by SST INs onto medial septum neurons are unaffected by PKA activation. iLTP of local SST synapses on GCs is accompanied by changes in presynaptic probability of release and is occluded by pharmacological increase of synaptic activityin vivo. Our results suggest that PKA-dependent inhibitory synapse plasticity is expressed in local, but not long-range, targets of SST INs and selectively modifies inhibitory microcircuits essential for hippocampal function.
Prostaglandin E2Induces Long-Lasting Inhibition of Noradrenergic Neurons in the Locus Coeruleus and Moderates the Behavioral Response to Stressors
Authors: Mukai Yasutaka , Okubo Tatsuo S. , Lazarus Michael , Ono Daisuke , Tanaka Kenji F. , Yamanaka Akihiro 
Published: September 2023

Neuronal activity is modulated not only by inputs from other neurons but also by various factors, such as bioactive substances. Noradrenergic (NA) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC-NA neurons) are involved in diverse physiological functions, including sleep/wakefulness and stress responses. Previous studies have identified various substances and receptors that modulate LC-NA neuronal activity through techniques including electrophysiology, calcium imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing. However, many substances with unknown physiological significance have been overlooked. Here, we established an efficient screening method for identifying substances that modulate LC-NA neuronal activity through intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) imaging using brain slices. Using both sexes of mice, we screened 53 bioactive substances, and identified five novel substances: gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin U, and angiotensin II, which increase [Ca2+]i, and pancreatic polypeptide and prostaglandin D2, which decrease [Ca2+]i. Among them, neuromedin U induced the greatest response in female mice. In terms of the duration of [Ca2+]ichange, we focused on prostaglandin E2(PGE2), since it induces a long-lasting decrease in [Ca2+]ivia the EP3receptor. Conditional knock-out of the receptor in LC-NA neurons resulted in increased depression-like behavior, prolonged wakefulness in the dark period, and increased [Ca2+]iafter stress exposure. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our screening method for identifying substances that modulate a specific neuronal population in an unbiased manner and suggest that stress-induced prostaglandin E2can suppress LC-NA neuronal activity to moderate the behavioral response to stressors. Our screening method will contribute to uncovering previously unknown physiological functions of uncharacterized bioactive substances in specific neuronal populations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBioactive substances modulate the activity of specific neuronal populations. However, since only a limited number of substances with predicted effects have been investigated, many substances that may modulate neuronal activity have gone unrecognized. Here, we established an unbiased method for identifying modulatory substances by measuring the intracellular calcium signal, which reflects neuronal activity. We examined noradrenergic (NA) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC-NA neurons), which are involved in diverse physiological functions. We identified five novel substances that modulate LC-NA neuronal activity. We also found that stress-induced prostaglandin E2(PGE2) may suppress LC-NA neuronal activity and influence behavioral outcomes. Our screening method will help uncover previously overlooked functions of bioactive substances and provide insight into unrecognized roles of specific neuronal populations.
Detection of Spatially Localized Sounds Is Robust to Saccades and Concurrent Eye Movement-Related Eardrum Oscillations (EMREOs)
Authors: Bröhl Felix , Kayser Christoph 
Published: September 2023

Hearing is an active process, and recent studies show that even the ear is affected by cognitive states or motor actions. One example are movements of the eardrum induced by saccadic eye movements, known as “eye movement-related eardrum oscillations” (EMREOs). While these are systematically shaped by the direction and size of saccades, the consequences of saccadic eye movements and their resulting EMREOs for hearing remain unclear. We here studied their implications for the detection of near-threshold clicks in human participants. Across three experiments, sound detection was not affected by their time of presentation relative to saccade onset, by saccade amplitude or direction. While the EMREOs were shaped by the direction and amplitude of the saccadic movement, inducing covert shifts in spatial attention did not affect the EMREO, suggesting that this signature of active sensing is restricted to overt changes in visual focus. Importantly, in our experiments, fluctuations in the EMREO amplitude were not related to detection performance, at least when monaural cues are sufficient. Hence, while eye movements may shape the transduction of acoustic information, the behavioral implications remain to be understood.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious studies suggest that oculomotor behavior may influence how we perceive spatially localized sounds. Recent work has introduced a new perspective on this question by showing that eye movements can directly modulate the eardrum. Yet, it remains unclear whether this signature of active hearing accounts for behavioral effects. We here show that overt but not covert changes in visual attention modulate the eardrum, but these modulations do not interfere with the detection of sounds. Our results provide a starting point to obtain a deeper understanding about the interplay of oculomotor behavior and the active ear.
Structural and Functional Development of Inhibitory Connections from the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body to the Superior Paraolivary Nucleus
Authors: Lee Jongwon , Clause Amanda , Kandler Karl 
Published: September 2023

The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in the auditory brainstem is the principal source of synaptic inhibition to several functionally distinct auditory nuclei. Prominent projections of individual MNTB neurons comprise the major binaural nuclei that are involved in the early processing stages of sound localization as well as the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON), which contains monaural neurons that extract rapid changes in sound intensity to detect sound gaps and rhythmic oscillations that commonly occur in animal calls and human speech. While the processes that guide the development and refinement of MNTB axon collaterals to the binaural nuclei have become increasingly understood, little is known about the development of MNTB collaterals to the monaural SPON. In this study, we investigated the development of MNTB-SPON connections in mice of both sexes from shortly after birth to three weeks of age, which encompasses the time before and after hearing onset. Individual axon reconstructions and electrophysiological analysis of MNTB-SPON connectivity demonstrate a dramatic increase in the number of MNTB axonal boutons in the SPON before hearing onset. However, this proliferation was not accompanied by changes in the strength of MNTB-SPON connections or by changes in the structural or functional topographic precision. However, following hearing onset, the spread of single-axon boutons along the tonotopic axis increased, indicating an unexpected decrease in the tonotopic precision of the MNTB-SPON pathway. These results provide new insight into the development and organization of inhibition to SPON neurons and the regulation of developmental plasticity in diverging inhibitory pathways.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON) is a prominent auditory brainstem nucleus involved in the early detection of sound gaps and rhythmic oscillations. The ability of SPON neurons to fire at the offset of sound depends on strong and precise synaptic inhibition provided by glycinergic neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). Here, we investigated the anatomic and physiological maturation of MNTB-LSO connectivity in mice before and after the onset of hearing. We observed a period of bouton proliferation without accompanying changes in topographic precision before hearing onset. This was followed by bouton elimination and an unexpected decrease in the tonotopic precision after hearing onset. These results provide new insight into the development of inhibition to the SPON.
Rewarding Capacity of Optogenetically Activating a Giant GABAergic Central-Brain Interneuron in LarvalDrosophila
Authors: Mancini Nino , Thoener Juliane , Tafani Esmeralda , Pauls Dennis , Mayseless Oded , Strauch Martin , Eichler Katharina , Champion Andrew , Kobler Oliver , Weber Denise , Sen Edanur , Weiglein Aliće , Hartenstein Volker , Chytoudis-Peroudis Charalampos-Chrysovalantis , Jovanic Tihana , Thum Andreas S. , Rohwedder Astrid , Schleyer Michael , Gerber Bertram 
Published: September 2023

Larvae of the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterare a powerful study case for understanding the neural circuits underlying behavior. Indeed, the numerical simplicity of the larval brain has permitted the reconstruction of its synaptic connectome, and genetic tools for manipulating single, identified neurons allow neural circuit function to be investigated with relative ease and precision. We focus on one of the most complex neurons in the brain of the larva (of either sex), the GABAergic anterior paired lateral neuron (APL). Using behavioral and connectomic analyses, optogenetics, Ca2+imaging, and pharmacology, we study how APL affects associative olfactory memory. We first provide a detailed account of the structure, regional polarity, connectivity, and metamorphic development of APL, and further confirm that optogenetic activation of APL has an inhibiting effect on its main targets, the mushroom body Kenyon cells. All these findings are consistent with the previously identified function of APL in the sparsening of sensory representations. To our surprise, however, we found that optogenetically activating APL can also have a strong rewarding effect. Specifically, APL activation together with odor presentation establishes an odor-specific, appetitive, associative short-term memory, whereas naive olfactory behavior remains unaffected. An acute, systemic inhibition of dopamine synthesis as well as an ablation of the dopaminergic pPAM neurons impair reward learning through APL activation. Our findings provide a study case of complex circuit function in a numerically simple brain, and suggest a previously unrecognized capacity of central-brain GABAergic neurons to engage in dopaminergic reinforcement.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe single, identified giant anterior paired lateral (APL) neuron is one of the most complex neurons in the insect brain. It is GABAergic and contributes to the sparsening of neuronal activity in the mushroom body, the memory center of insects. We provide the most detailed account yet of the structure of APL in larvalDrosophilaas a neurogenetically accessible study case. We further reveal that, contrary to expectations, the experimental activation of APL can exert a rewarding effect, likely via dopaminergic reward pathways. The present study both provides an example of unexpected circuit complexity in a numerically simple brain, and reports an unexpected effect of activity in central-brain GABAergic circuits.
Current evidence of the role of vitamin E in prolonging a healthy life
Authors: Traber Maret G 
Published: September 2023

This is a narrative review of the evidence of α-tocopherol importance in human health, especially with regards to its vitamin role. α-Tocopherol is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger, and this role is prominent in its efficacy in maintaining the metabolic health of tissues. Vitamin E deficiency is discussed as a tool to understand the impact of α-tocopherol’s absence promoting increased lipid peroxidation and polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion. Downstream deficiency consequences include impacts on choline and one-carbon metabolism, glucose and energy metabolism, and their interactions with critical thiols, such as glutathione. Importantly, human vitamin E deficiency, caused by genetic defects in the α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), provides important clues for the necessity of α-tocopherol for the peripheral nervous system. Moreover, α-TTP expression in the liver, brain, eyes, and placenta illustrates that these tissues are especially vulnerable and require this specific α-tocopherol delivery mechanism for their protection. Although clinical trial evidence is limited and equivocal about the health benefits of vitamin E supplements, there is epidemiologic evidence of the long-term benefits of increased α-tocopherol intakes in ’healthy’ diets (high in vegetables and fruits, fish, nuts, and seeds, as well as fiber).
Significance statement
The elaborate regulation of α-tocopherol concentrations by the human body suggests that the consistent consumption of the recommended amounts of dietary α-tocopherol (15 mg) over a lifetime are protective of the at-risk tissues, as well as providing protection from chronic diseases.
Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects in Sweden
Authors: Lannering Katarina , Kazamia Kalliopi , Bergman Gunnar , Östman-Smith Ingegerd , Liuba Petru , Dahlqvist Jenny Alenius , Elfvin Anders , Mellander Mats 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES
Early diagnosis of critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) improves survival. We evaluated the relative contributions of prenatal ultrasound, neonatal pulse oximetry screening (POS), and neonatal physical examination (NPE) to the early detection (before discharge) of CCHD in the context of increasing prenatal detection, and POS being a national standard since 2013.

METHODS
Retrospective, nationwide population-based study. All full-term live-born infants with CCHD in Sweden between 2014 and 2019 were included. CCHD was defined as a congenital heart defect requiring surgery or catheter-based intervention or resulting in death within 28 days of birth.

RESULTS
Of 630 infants, 89% were diagnosed before discharge or death, 42% prenatally, 11% from early symptoms, 23% by POS, and 14% from NPE after a negative POS. Four (0.6%) died undiagnosed before discharge and 64/630 (10%) were discharged undiagnosed, with 24/64 being readmitted with circulatory failure and causing 1 preoperative death. Coarctation was the most prevalent CCHD (N = 184), 25% of whom were detected prenatally (12% by POS and 29% by NPE). Two died undiagnosed before discharge and 30% were discharged undiagnosed. Transposition was the second most common defect (N = 150) and 43% were detected prenatally (33% by POS, 1 by NPE) and 2 died undiagnosed before POS. None was discharged undiagnosed.

CONCLUSIONS
POS and NPE remain important for the early detection of CCHD complementing prenatal ultrasound screening. Nevertheless, 1 in 10 with CCHD leaves the hospital without a diagnosis, with coarctation being the predominant lesion. Future research on CCHD screening should have a particular focus on this cardiac defect.
Beyond the psychedelic hype: Exploring the persistence of the neoliberal paradigm
Authors: Davies James , Pace Brian A. , Devenot Neşe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAdvocates of psychedelic medicine have positioned psychedelics as a novel therapeutic intervention that will solve the mental health crisis by liberating individuals from their entrenched habits and limiting beliefs. Despite claims for novelty, the psychedelics industry is engaging in the same profit-oriented approaches that contributed to poor clinical outcomes with SSRIs and other earlier pharmaceuticals, which threatens to undermine their purported clinical benefits.MethodsWe present evidence that the liberatory rhetoric of psychedelic medicalization promotes neoliberal, individualised treatments for distress, which distracts from collective efforts to address root causes of suffering through systemic change. Drawing examples from the psychedelics industry, we illustrate how the discourse of psychedelic medicalisation subjects socially-determined distress to psychotropic intervention through the mechanisms of depoliticisation, productivisation, pathologisation, commodification, and de-collectivisation.ResultsRather than disrupting or subverting the psychopharmaceutical status quo, the psychedelic industry's current instantiation aligns with and upholds key facets of neoliberal ideology by adhering to the same facilitative mechanisms that scholars identified in the antidepressant industry. We identify these common mechanisms in examples unique to the psychedelics industry, including the search for psychedelic analogues and political lobbying to reschedule psychedelics.ConclusionWe demonstrate how a neoliberal mental health paradigm that individualises and interiorizes mental distress cannot meaningfully resolve suffering with ubiquitous origins in the current sociopolitical environment, which is characterised by inequality, precarity, exploitation, and ecological collapse. As a result, psychedelics must decouple from neoliberal incentives, and demonstrate efficacy, if they are to facilitate durable improvements in well-being and prosocial outcomes.
Factors affecting the drying shrinkage of alkali-activated slag/fly ash mortars
Authors: Aiken Timothy A. , Kwasny Jacek , Zhou Zuyao , McPolin Daniel , Sha Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate change associated with carbon emissions is driving a demand for low-carbon cements. One of the most promising low-carbon alternatives is alkali-activated binder systems consisting of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. However, there are some issues related to their drying shrinkage which can be problematic when upscaling these binders to produce full size construction products. This study found that modifying the curing regime can reduce the drying shrinkage of alkali-activated mortars by up to 60%. The proportion of slag and fly ash employed also influences drying shrinkage behaviour but is less significant than the curing temperature and curing duration before drying is initiated. The drying shrinkage performance appears to be linked to the maturity and strength of the different mixes when drying begins.
Graphical abstract