bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circumcision: A Blessing or a Curse in the Light of Structural and Functional Analysis of Prepuce of Penis
Authors: Bhat Ghulam Mohammad , Farah Syed , Hassan Ashfaq Ul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The prepuce is a double layer of skin and fascia covering the glans penis to a variable extent. The neuroanatomical details of the prepuce of the penis are inadequately described in literature and there are ubiquitous but confusing structural and functional details. The aim of the present study was to understand the functional significance of the prepuce of the penis by examining different types of cutaneous receptors, in particular the Meissner’s corpuscle (MC).

Methodology:
This prospective observational study used the skin of 18 boys and men (aged 3–72 years) from prepuce. Based on their age, the participants were split into three groups: <12 years (n = 10), adults between the ages of 12 and 50 years (n = 04), and more than 50 years (n = 04). Stains for cytology, such as hematoxylin-eosin and Von Gieson’s stain, and neuronal tissue stains, such as silver impregnation, were applied to 5 mm thick sections. Sensory receptors like MCs were identified and counted and Meissner’s index (MI) was calculated for the three age groups. MCs were studied for structural details and compared with the MCs of other sites.

Results:
With cytological stains, the preputial skin consisted of usual layers of glabrous skin. With silver impregnation, the nerve plexus in the dermis was observed and some fibers went to innervate the dermal papillae to form globular structures resembling MCs of other sites. The MCs were simple in structure consisting of a core of nerve fibers surrounded by a capsule. The size of the MCs ranged from 2584 mm to 3680 mm. There was no significant difference in the size of the three age groups as revealed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The MI ranged from 0.34 to 0.44 and ANOVA did not show any significant difference between the three age groups. Other sensory receptors such as Pacinian, genital corpuscles of Krause, and Ruffini corpuscles were scarce or absent in prepuce.

Conclusion:
Functionally, the prepuce may not be considered an important structure as it lacks most of the sensory receptors present in other parts of sensitive skin of the body. MCs are scanty in number and simple in structure. The prepuce has some protective role in maintaining moisture, preventing infections, and providing a barrier against irritants. However, the impact of circumcision on penile sensitivity and sexual arousal is likely minor.
Study of Normal and Variant Anatomy of Superior Cerebellar Arteries on Cadaver Brains and Angiograms with Clinical Significance
Authors: Nadeem Mohammed Faizan , Nanjundaiah Komala , Furtado Sunil V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
The superior cerebellar arteries (SCAs) supply blood to the cerebellum, and their anatomical variations can contribute to conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia and vascular malformations. They also significantly impact surgical approaches. The aim of the study was to investigate the normal and variant anatomy of SCAs in cadaver specimens and radiographic images.

Methodology:
This study included 44 formalin-preserved brain specimens. The origins of the SCAs were classified, and their outer diameters and lengths of proximal segments were measured using Vernier calipers. A total of 91 angiograms from the neurosurgery department were analyzed. A one-way ANOVA test was done to analyze the results.

Results:
Of the 44 specimens, 59.1% (26) of the SCAs originated from the basilar artery, 25% (11) from a common trunk, and 15.9% (7) from the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Variations included duplication (15.9%), triplication (2.3%), and quadruplication (2.3%). The length of the proximal segment was insignificant regarding the origin, while a significant reduction in outer diameter was observed when the artery originated from the PCA. Among the 91 angiograms studied, 9 displayed pathologic findings, including 6 aneurysms.

Conclusions:
Understanding the morphometry and variations of SCAs is vital for radiologists, enhancing the diagnosis of neuroendovascular pathologies such as aneurysms and hemorrhages.
A function field analog of Jacobi’s theorem on sums of squares and its moments
Authors: Kuo Wentang , Liu Yu-Ru , Totani Yash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, we establish a function field analog of Jacobi’s theorem on sums of squares and analyze its moments. Our approach involves employing two distinct techniques to derive the main results concerning asymptotic formulas for the moments. The first technique utilizes Dirichlet series framework to derive asymptotic formulas in the limit of large finite fields, specifically when the characteristic of

$\mathbb {F}_q[T]$

becomes large. The second technique involves effectively partitioning the set of polynomials of a fixed degree, providing asymptotic formulas in the limit of large polynomial degree.
Rarity of pseudo-null Iwasawa modules for p-adic Lie extensions
Authors: Kataoka Takenori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the pseudo-nullity of the p-ramified Iwasawa module for p-adic Lie extensions of totally real fields. It is applied to answer the corresponding question for the minus component of the unramified Iwasawa module for CM-fields. The results show that the pseudo-nullity is very rare.
Chronic sleep deprivation induces spatial memory impairment, chromatolysis, and histoarchitectural changes in the CA3 region of the hippocampus
Authors: Ochai J. , Umana U.E. , Musa S.A. , Oladele S.B. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sleep is a vital bodily function involving the activity of brain networks. Disruption in sleep patterns can lead to problems with memory and even changes in brain structure. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effects of chronic sleep deprivation on spatial memory and histopathological changes in the CA3 region of the hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats.
METHODOLOGY: 12 male rats were divided into two groups of six rats each. Group (I) received 2ml/kg of distilled water, while Group II were sleep-deprived for 18 hours daily for 21 consecutive days using the modified multiple platform method. The Morris water maze test was conducted to assess spatial learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized using 75mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride intraperitoneally, and the brain tissues were harvested. Hippocampal tissue homogenate of some rats were used to assess glutamate levels, whereas, the whole brains of the remaining rats were fixed, and processed using Haematoxylin & Eosin, and Cresyl Fast Violet stains to demonstrate the general histoarchitecture and Nissl substance expression in the hippocampal CA3 regions respectively. Cavalieri’s principle was employed for estimation of the number of pyramidal cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus of Wistar rats.
RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in the time spent locating the escape platform in the sleep-deprived group compared to the control group in the MWM test. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in hippocampal glutamate activity levels when the sleep deprived group was compared with the control group. Histological findings revealed degenerative changes such as cytoplasmic vacuolation, karyorrhexis and pyknosis in the pyramidal cells of the CA3 region of the hippocampus of Wistar rats. Additionally, the number of pyramidal cells in the CA3 region was significantly decreased (p>0.05) in the sleep-deprived group compared to the control. Furthermore, the Nissl substance in the hippocampal sections of the sleep-deprived group exhibited a significant (p>0.05) decrease in staining intensity compared to the control group, suggesting disruptions in neuronal function and protein synthesis.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study revealed spatial memory impairment, histological alterations, reduced pyramidal cell count, and protein depletion in the CA3 region of the sleep-deprived rats.
Photogrammetric Evaluation of Some Normative Facial Indices of Young Adults of Igbo Ethnic Group, Nigeria
Authors: Nwofor P.N. , Fawehinmi H.B. , Okoh P.D. , Oghenemavwe L.E. , David L.K. , Amadi M.A. , Oparaocha C.A. , Ebieto C.E. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evaluation of facial indices (nasal, canthal, and facial index) has always been of great interest because of its use in forensic science, plastic surgery, orofacial surgery, and population studies. The study aims to evaluate the normative facial indices of young adults of the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria.
METHOD: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design where 300 respondents participated in the study (150 males and 150 females) between the ages of 18 - 37 years with BMI of 18 – 29 were randomly selected. Subjects whose BMI fell within the category of slightly underweight (≤18.4) and slightly overweight (>24.9) according to conventional BMI classification, looked seemingly healthy and were included in the study. Minimum sample size was determined using the Cochran’s formula. Linear facial parameters and facial indices were calculated using the standard formula, and data obtained were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Continuous variables were presented as mean±SD. Age was grouped into 18-21, 22-25, 26-29, 30-33 and 34-37. Data was presented as mean ± standard deviation. Independent T-test was used to test for significance in the variables between genders, one way ANOVA was used to test for significance in age and variables. A probability less than 0.05 (P<0.05) was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Facial indices (canthal, nasal and facial index) were 37.67±5.14, 78.85±15.08 and 54.65±5.01 respectively among the males while among the females; 0.23±7.47, 61.26±12.44 and 46.22±14.04 respectively. The study parameters were found to be higher in males (p<0.05). The study analyzed respondents aged 18-21, 22-25, 26-29, 30-33 and 34-37 and found no significant association between canthal, nasal, and facial index and age. The Canthal index was higher in 22-25 years. nasal index values were higher in 34-37 years and facial index in ages 26-29 years.
CONCLUSION: Facial indices show significant sex differences and would serve as a reference to clinical anatomists and forensic anthropologists.
Percutaneous clavicular length among Nigerian students of Delta State University: Clinical and forensic implications
Authors: Ominde B.S. , Enaohwo M.T. , Omohwo O.G. , Jeremiah O. , Omoro O.F. , Igbigbi P.S. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evaluating the clavicle’s length in forensic investigations can aid in sex determination and estimation of stature. It is also useful in ensuring successful surgical reduction of clavicular fractures. This study’s goal was to determine the percutaneous length of the clavicle and elucidate their clinical and forensic applications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred students from a university in Delta State Nigeria were recruited after seeking ethical approval. We sought informed consent from the participants before the measurements of percutaneous clavicular length and height were taken. Using the statistical package for social sciences, the comparison of mean variables based on side, sex and age-groups was done. We employed linear regression analysis to derive equations that incorporated the percutaneous clavicular lengths to aid in estimating stature.
RESULTS: Males had longer clavicles than females (P<0.05). The clavicles demonstrated positive correlation with stature (P<0.05). The left percutaneous clavicular length was a better predictor of height than the right (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The study provides clavicular length data useful to orthopaedic surgeons and forensic experts in Delta State, Nigeria.
Protective effects of Moringa oleifera oil on permethrin-induced toxicity in the prefrontal cortex of young male Wistar rats
Authors: Lewu F.S. , Omotoso A.B. , Sylvester J.O. , Odey N.R. , Alabelewe M.T. , Kolo R.M. , Ayodeji A.O. , Omoboye L.T. , Mutholib N.Y. , Gbadamosi I.T. , Omotoso G.O. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Permethrin is a type I pyrethroid commonly used as an insecticide in pest control. Although it is intended for use in agricultural and textile settings, including residential areas, its extensive use poses a probable risk of human exposure. This study was conducted to determine the changes in the prefrontal cortex following permethrin exposure and the possible protective effects of Moringa oleifera oil.
METHODOLOGY: Sixteen young male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four (4) groups (n=4). Group A (Control group) received a normal rat diet, while Group B received a permethrin diet (0.6% Permethrin) at the dose of 1000 mg/kg. Group C received a normal diet and was administered 0.5 ml/kg of Moringa oleifera oil, while Group D received both the permethrin diet and Moringa oleifera oil simultaneously. Animals underwent behavioural analysis on the final day of treatment. The rats were then anesthetized and sacrificed, followed by transcardial perfusion with normal saline and 4% paraformaldehyde. The prefrontal cortex was excised from the brain and processed for tissue histochemistry and biochemical analysis.
RESULTS: Results revealed reduced locomotory and exploratory activities and increase anxiety level in rats, as well as cytoarchitectural distortion, cell vacuolation, and redox imbalance in the prefrontal cortex. Administration of Moringa oleifera oil led to significant improvement in neurobehavioral deficits, a comparatively normal cytoarchitectural profile, and oxidative status caused by permethrin in prefrontal cortex of male rats.
CONCLUSION: Findings in this study indicated that Moringa oleifera could ameliorate the damage caused by permethrin in prefrontal cortex of male Wistar rats.
Anthropometric evaluation and significance of waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio among 16-25 years old females in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnamani W.C. , Omotoso D.R. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Anthropometry of the waist and hip, which are among the most clinically relevant include waist circumference used to assess abdominal adiposity and the waist-to-hip ratio used to assess central obesity. These parameters are of importance in the assessment of non-communicable diseases which are currently serious global health burden. The study was aimed at evaluating the waist and hip anthropometry among the female Yorubas between 16-25 years in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria and elucidating their significance.
METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study involved 120 undergraduate female students in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria, aged between 16 to 25 years, randomly selected to participate in the study. The waist circumference and the hip circumference were measured using the standard guidelines while the waist-to-hip ratio was calculated by dividing the waist circumference by the hip circumference. The study data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS version 22.
RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 18.15 ± 1.35 years. The mean WC, HC and WHR for the study population were 78.90 ± 9.35, 98.55 ± 8.75 and 0.79 ± 0.05 respectively. In addition, the WC and HC showed significant increase with increasing age in the study population while the WHR showed no significant difference. The findings of this study further revealed similarity or variation when compared to other proximate and distant population.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provided the reference values of the study parameters among the study population which offer immense significance during various diagnostic and clinical procedures.
Modulatory role of cannabidiol and sleep recovery on hepato-renal functions and histological alterations triggered by sleep deprivation in adult male Wistar rats
Authors: Ema E. , Usman U.Z. , Abdulquadri A.O. , Ekpo U.U. , Oderinde G.P. , Usman A. , Umana U.E. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sleep deprivation is a significant health concern, affecting various physiological systems, including hepatic and renal functions. Cannabidiol, a compound found in cannabis plants, has gained attention for its therapeutic potential through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cannabidiol and recovery sleep on hepatorenal functions and histological changes in the kidneys and liver of adult male Wistar rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6) and were given the following treatments for 21 days: the control group (1ml/kg body weight distilled water), group II [1ml/kg body weight distilled water + 18 hours of sleep deprivation (SD)], group III [10mg/kg body weight of cannabidiol (CBD) + 18 hours SD], group IV [20mg/kg body weight of CBD + 18 hours SD] and group V [1ml/kg body weight distilled water + 18 hours SD + 7 days sleep recovery (SR)]. The modified multiple-platform method was used to induce rapid eye movement sleep deprivation. On completion, the animals were euthanized, and the blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) & Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], kidney electrolyte, urea and creatinine, serum proteins and oxidative stress biomarker [malondialdehyde (MDA)]. The kidney and liver were harvested, processed, and stained with haematoxylin & eosin for general histoarchitecture.
RESULTS: Results from this study showed no notable differences in CBD and SR groups in the liver enzyme concentrations of AST, ALT and ALP], kidney electrolytes and proteins [potassium ions (K+), urea and creatinine] and oxidative stress biomarker (MDA), but there was a remarkable ameliorative effect in the histology of the kidneys and liver of CBD-treated and SR groups compared to the SD-alone group.
CONCLUSION: Findings from this study showed that seven days of sleep recovery and treatment with CBD alleviated the detrimental effects of chronic sleep deprivation on the kidneys and liver of the Wistar rats.
Ameliorative effect of <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i> on lead-induced neurotoxicity on the premotor cortex of adult Wistar rats
Authors: Muhammed A.G. , Bauchi Z.M. , Tanko M. , Omoniyi A.A. , Muhammed M.S. , Shuaib M.Y. , Lawal M.O. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Lead toxicity affects different body systems including the nervous system, resulting in brain damage, neuromuscular weakness, and impaired cognitive functions. This study evaluated the ameliorative effect of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (AEVA) on lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity of the premotor cortex of adult Wistar rats.
METHODOLOGY: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five each. The rats were accessed for neurobehavioral studies using a foregrip strength test apparatus. Group I received 1ml/kg body weight of distilled water. Group II received only 120 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate. Group III received 120 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate for 1 week and 2 weeks of natural recovery. Group IV received 120mg/kg body weight of lead acetate and 10mg/kg body weight of Succimer. Group V and VI received 120mg/kg body weighr of lead acetate with 1000mg/kg, and 1500mg/kg body weight of AEVA respectively. Administration lasted for 21 days. At the end of the experimentation, the rats were euthanized and brains harvested for oxidative stress, and histological (H&E) assessments.
RESULTS: A decrease in muscular strength of Wistar rats treated with lead acetate was observed, however, improvement was seen in all the treatment groups, although, it was statistically significant Oxidative stress was induced in rats exposed to lead acetate as indicated by decreased superoxide dismutase, and catalase respectively. However, 1500mg/kg AEVA treatment ameliorated these changes with a significant increase. The results revealed histopathological changes such as karyorrhexis, cytoplasmic vacuolations, pyknosis and karyolysis in the premotor cortices of lead acetate-exposed rats which were ameliorated when treated with AEVA at 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight.
CONCLUSION: This study therefore concludes that aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina ameliorated lead-induced neurotoxicity of the premotor cortex of adult Wistar rats, and may be beneficial to people living in lead endemic areas.
Sub-acute toxic effects of methanol root extract of <i>Carpolobia alba</i> G. Don on testes of adult Wistar rats
Authors: Oluwatunase G.O. , Otulana O.J. , Odubela O.O. , Fakunle B.P. , Folarin R.O. , Enemali F.U. , Asafa O. , Adebisi K. , Ogunmiluyi O.E. , Jesuye J. , Bukola A. , Badmus B. , Dare S.S. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Over 80% of the populations in some Asian and African countries depend on traditional medicine for primary health care. For centuries men and women have attempted to enhance their sexual performances by using substances derived from plant-based natural sources known as aphrodisiacs. Carpolobia alba G. Don is a popular natural recreational aphrodisiac plants commonly used in Nigeria. In this study, we assessed the effects of sub-acute administration of methanol root extract of Carpolobia alba on the testes of adult Wistar rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty adult male rats (weighing 200g-250g) were randomized into four groups consisting of five animals each. Each group was treated daily with distilled water, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight respectively of methanol root extract Carpolobia alba G. Don for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed via cervical dislocation. Histological examination (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain), hormonal profile [Testosterone (T), Leutinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)], Oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, CAT) and sperm analysis were done.
RESULTS: Daily administration of the extract resulted in marked degeneration and shrunken seminiferous tubules, degeneration and vacuolization of germinal epithelium, reduction in spermatogenic cells population, absence of late stage germ cells and significant reduction (<0.05) in T, LH, FSH, sperm parameters(sperm count, motility and morphology) and induction of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner
CONCLUSION: This result indicate anti-fertility potential of sub-acute consumption of methanol root extract of Carpolobia alba G.Don in male Wistar rats.