bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of volumetric image guidance in proton therapy
Authors: Herrick Mitchell , Penfold Scott , Santos Alexandre , Hickson Kevin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, proton therapy centres have begun to shift from conventional 2D-kV imaging to volumetric imaging systems for image guided proton therapy (IGPT). This is likely due to the increased commercial interest and availability of volumetric imaging systems, as well as the shift from passively scattered proton therapy to intensity modulated proton therapy. Currently, there is no standard modality for volumetric IGPT, leading to variation between different proton therapy centres. This article reviews the reported clinical use of volumetric IGPT, as available in published literature, and summarises their utilisation and workflow where possible. In addition, novel volumetric imaging systems are also briefly summarised highlighting their potential benefits for IGPT and the challenges that need to be overcome before they can be used clinically.
Invariant contact metric structures on tangent sphere bundles of compact symmetric spaces
Authors: González-Dávila J. C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new characterization is provided for the class of compact rank-one symmetric spaces. Such spaces are the only symmetric spaces of compact type for which the standard vector field $$\xi ^{S}$$

ξ
S

on their sphere bundles is Killing with respect to some invariant Riemannian metric. The set of all these metrics is determined, as well as the set of all those invariant contact metric structures with characteristic vector field $$\xi ^{S}.$$

ξ
S

.

Moreover, on tangent sphere bundles of compact symmetric spaces with rank greater than or equal to two, a family of invariant contact metric structures, which contains the standard structure, is obtained.
Infective endocarditis involving MitraClip© devices: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bertolino Lorenzo , Ramadan Mohammad Said , Zampino Rosa , Durante-Mangoni Emanuele 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Progress of interventional cardiology has boosted the use of newer cardiac devices. These devices are perceived to be less prone to infections compared to traditional surgical prostheses, but little data are currently available. In this systematic review (SR), we summarize current literature regarding the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with MitraClip-related infective endocarditis (IE).

Methods
We conducted a SR of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus between January 2003 and March 2022. MitraClip-related IE was defined according to 2015 ESC criteria whereas MitraClip involvement as vegetation on the device or on the mitral valve. Risk of bias was assessed through standardized checklist and potential bias of underestimation cannot be excluded. Data regarding clinical presentation, echocardiography, management, and outcome were collected.

Results
Twenty-six cases of MitraClip-related IE were retrieved. The median age of patients was 76 [61–83] years with a median EuroScore of 41%. Fever was present in 65.8% of patients followed by signs and symptoms of heart failure (42.3%). IE occurred early in 20 (76.9%) cases with a median time between MitraClip implantation and IE symptom onset of 5 [2–16] months. Staphylococcus aureus was the major causative microorganism (46%). Surgical mitral valve replacement was needed in 50% of patients. A conservative medical approach was considered in the remainder. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 50% (surgical group: 38.4%; medical group: 58.3%; p = 0.433).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that MitraClip-related IE affects elderly, comorbid patients, is mostly due to Staphylococcus aureus, and has a poor prognosis irrespective of the therapeutic approach. Clinicians must be aware of the features of this new entity among cardiovascular infections.
Dual-Ion Co-Regulation System Enabling High-Performance Electrochemical Artificial Yarn Muscles with Energy-Free Catch States
Authors: Ren Ming , Dong Lizhong , Wang Xiaobo , Li Yuxin , Zhao Yueran , Cui Bo , Yang Guang , Li Wei , Yuan Xiaojie , Zhou Tao , Xu Panpan , Wang Xiaona , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArtificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, $${\text{PF}}_{6}^{ - }$$

PF

6

-

ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between $${\text{PF}}_{6}^{ - }$$

PF

6

-

and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.
Boosting Lean Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance with Transition Metals: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pan Hui , Cheng Zhibin , Zhou Zhenyu , Xie Sijie , Zhang Wei , Han Ning , Guo Wei , Fransaer Jan , Luo Jiangshui , Cabot Andreu , Wübbenhorst Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li–S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur (E/S) ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions (SRR) under lean electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, we review the use of various polar transition metal sulfur hosts as corresponding solutions to facilitate SRR kinetics at low E/S ratios (< 10 µL mg−1), and the strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Subsequently, three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance. Finally, an outlook is provided to guide future research on high energy density Li–S batteries.

Graphical Abstract
Crystallization and Orientation Modulation Enable Highly Efficient Doctor-Bladed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Jianhui , Feng Erming , Li Hengyue , Ding Yang , Long Caoyu , Gao Yuanji , Yang Yingguo , Yi Chenyi , Zheng Zijian , Yang Junliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the rapid rise in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) performance, it is imperative to develop scalable fabrication techniques to accelerate potential commercialization. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs fabricated via scalable two-step sequential deposition lag far behind the state-of-the-art spin-coated ones. Herein, the additive methylammonium chloride (MACl) is introduced to modulate the crystallization and orientation of a two-step sequential doctor-bladed perovskite film in ambient conditions. MACl can significantly improve perovskite film quality and increase grain size and crystallinity, thus decreasing trap density and suppressing nonradiative recombination. Meanwhile, MACl also promotes the preferred face-up orientation of the (100) plane of perovskite film, which is more conducive to the transport and collection of carriers, thereby significantly improving the fill factor. As a result, a champion PCE of 23.14% and excellent long-term stability are achieved for PSCs based on the structure of ITO/SnO2/FA1-xMAxPb(I1-yBry)3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag. The superior PCEs of 21.20% and 17.54% are achieved for 1.03 cm2 PSC and 10.93 cm2 mini-module, respectively. These results represent substantial progress in large-scale two-step sequential deposition of high-performance PSCs for practical applications.
Mātauranga Māori and Kai in Schools: An Exploration of Traditional Māori Knowledge and Food in Five Primary Schools in Regional New Zealand
Authors: Glassey Rachael , Swinburn Boyd , Haerewa Raun Makirere , McKelvie-Sebileau Pippa , Chote Brittany , Tipene-Leach David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMāori(Indigenous people of New Zealand (NZ)) suffer food insecurity disproportionately in New Zealand. Some research suggests that Māori valuemātauranga Māori(traditional Māori knowledge) when it comes to the collection, preparation and eating ofkai(food). This study explores the connections between mātauranga Māori and kai in regional NZ schools for potential pathways to impact food security for children. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with five primary school principals in the Hawke’s Bay region. Principals were purposively selected on commitments to proactively incorporating mātauranga Māori into their school environment. Reflective thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Three main themes were identified: teaching and learning around mātauranga Māori and kai; environmental sustainability and the sustainability of kai initiatives; and school values. A strong emphasis was placed on the learning of traditional Māori values around kai and thewhenua(land) and the sustainability of teaching programs. School values were invariably bound inTe Ao Māori(a Māori worldview) however, schools felt challenged in aligning their values and their mātauranga Māori-bound teaching practices with the current food provision programme in their schools (Ka Ora, Ka Ako). The programme’s strict nutritional guidelines appeared to challenge traditional Māori approaches to kai. Schools remain an ideal environment for the incorporation of mātauranga Māori to support food security and food education, and future work should explore a demonstration project that incorporates the knowledge gained in this study and ways to integrate mātauranga Māori into Ka Ora, Ka Ako.
Neurobiological Concomitants of Autism as Informers of Clinical Practice: a Status Review
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Although a great deal of research is conducted into the neurobiological correlates of autism, there has been no recent overview of the findings from this research in terms of how they translate to clinical practice. To provide an overview of recent literature in the fields of head size, brain volume, brain region, connectivity between brain regions, and synaptic function, as they apply to autism, with a view to informing clinical practice.

Methods
Major empirical and review papers on these topics from the last 30 years were identified via a search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsychInfo, using the descriptors ‘autism’, ‘head size’, ‘brain volume’, ‘brain region’, ‘connectivity between brain regions’, and ‘synaptic function’. To distil the key findings relevant to clinical practice, both authors conducted blind reviews, producing a set of ‘key’ papers for this purpose.

Results
Each field produced a number of major findings, which were then described and discussed, and translated into a table of ‘Findings’, ‘Diagnostic suggestions’ (for the clinician’s protocols), and ‘Clinical actions’ (suggestions for interactions with carers of autistic children and adults).

Conclusions
The stability of the research within each field varies, with some clear findings and others that are yet to be consistently verified. Despite this, some specific clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment (particularly clinician-carer interactions) are described.
The nature and scope of Outdoor Education in Western Australia
Authors: Picknoll Duncan , Down Michael , Hands Beth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOutdoor Education has evolved as a learning area in Western Australia over many years. In this paper we document historical elements of an investigation into the nature and scope of Outdoor Education in Western Australia. Previous investigations conducted by other researchers on the nature and scope of Outdoor Education focused on Victoria, South Australia, and New Zealand guided the design and conduct of this study. We examine the introduction of the Outdoor Education course offered as an option in the Western Australian Certificate of Education. We provide signposts of significant events with consideration of the secondary and tertiary education settings. Outdoor Education, in its many formats, has a strong historical presence in Western Australia and continues to hold great potential within the curriculum.
Advances in friction stir welding of Ti6Al4V alloy complex geometries: T-butt joint with complete penetration
Authors: Ambrosio Danilo , Wagner Vincent , Vivas Javier , Dessein Gilles , Aldanondo Egoitz , Cahuc Olivier 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, the friction stir weldability of Ti6Al4V T-joints has been investigated. Its aims are: (i) to study the influence of tool and welding parameters on weld quality, (ii) to assess the joints’ mechanical strength to foresee future applications, and (iii) to characterize Co-based FSW tools’ wear by following the wear during the tests. Welds’ defectivity is studied by cross-section macrographies analysis. Independently from welding parameters and tools, internal voids are avoided, and a suitable weldability window is identified. Microstructure observations have corroborated temperatures below the

$$\beta $$

β

-transus point even in the nugget zone, guaranteeing joints’ maximum mechanical strengths at 96% and 87% of the base material for UTS and Y, respectively. Contrarily, elongation at break is very low, without reaching 20% of the base material. The failure is linked to section thinning and kissing bond defects at the joints’ corners. Additionally, tool wear proved to be a critical issue while friction stir welding Ti6Al4V. The inner part of the shoulder is the most sensitive to wear. The consequent high wear rate might be a problem for mass production. The work established the pertinence of assembling complex geometries of Ti6Al4V using friction stir welding, considering weld quality and the mechanical strength achieved. However, critical factors such as section thinning, kissing bond, and tool wear must be carefully addressed to avoid joints’ low elongation at break and to guarantee their mechanical strength.
Identifying abandoned buildings in shrinking cities with mobile sensing images
Authors: Li Yan , Meng Xiangfeng , Zhao Huimin , Li Wenyue , Long Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe number of abandoned buildings in shrinking cities is increasing sharply, posing environment risks, threatening the safety and health of residents, affecting the real estate market, and burdening government finance. Abandoned building detection provides fundamental information for refined urban management, real estate transactions and government decision-making. However, emerging sources of data, such as satellite imagery and commercial street views, are insufficient to timely collect this fine-scale data, lacking large-scale and fine-grained detection method. Therefore, in this research, we aim to define the connotation and identification criteria of abandoned buildings, develop an effective deep learning method based on image segmentation, and detect individual abandoned buildings from large-scale mobile sensing images (MSIs) with high accuracy. The study conducted a mobile sensing campaign in a shrinking city in Northeast China, collecting 11,359 street-level images of 126.2 km of urban roads. The accuracy of the deep learning detection method was 83.8%. The study compared with the detection of commercial street view images (latest in 2015) and analyzed the dynamic changes of abandoned buildings. From 2015 to 2021, the number of abandoned buildings in the case city decreased from 102 to 50 and became more concentrated in the old city area. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of MSIs in detecting abandoned buildings and shows the enormous potential to timely detect abandoned buildings in large spatial ranges.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Transmission for Remote Interpretation in Austere Environments
Authors: Haines Carver M. , Waasdorp Christopher P. , Lockhart Ellen R. , Lareau Stephanie A. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Point–of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is used in wilderness medicine and could potentially be the only imaging modality available. Cellular and data coverage is often lacking in remote areas, limiting image transmission. This study evaluates the viability of transmitting POCUS images from austere environments using slow-scan television (SSTV) image transmission methods over very-high-frequency (VHF) hand-held radio units for remote interpretation. Methods Fifteen deidentified POCUS images were selected and encoded into an SSTV audio stream by a smartphone and transmitted over a VHF radio. A second radio and smartphone 1 to 5 mi away received and decoded the signals back into images. The original images and transmitted images were randomized into a survey graded by emergency medicine physicians using a standardized ultrasound quality assurance scoring scale (1–5 points). Results The difference in mean scores between the original image and transmitted image showed a 3.9% decrease in transmitted image scores, with P <0.05 on a paired t test; however, this is not likely a clinically significant decrease. Comparing transmitted images using different SSTV encodings and distances ranging up to 5 mi, 100% of survey respondents determined the images to be clinically usable. This dropped to 75% when significant artifacts were introduced. Conclusions Slow-scan television image transmission is a viable option for transmitting ultrasound images in remote areas where more modern forms of communication are unavailable or not practical. Slow-scan television may have potential as another data transmission option in the wilderness, such as electrocardiogram tracings.
The Case Against Race-Based Quotas in Pharmaceutical Trials
Authors: Conklin Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis Article is the first to offer a comprehensive case against using racial quotas in pharmaceutical studies by providing a detailed examination of the arguments for and against the practice. It begins by discussing the current racial classification system, calls for racial quotas in pharmaceutical trials, and the troubling history of combining race and scientific investigation. It next examines the cautionary tale of BiDil, the first drug authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in only Black people. The third part of the Article sets forth the arguments against racial quotas. The fourth part provides legal analysis of these arguments, concluding that racial quotas in pharmaceutical trials likely would not satisfy the strict scrutiny standard for two independent reasons. The fifth part evaluates the alleged benefits of racial quotas and demonstrates that when properly understood they are insignificant in comparison to the disadvantages. The final part weighs the evidence to arrive at a conclusion and considers future implications.Ultimately, this Article provides a valuable framework for assessing the legal and pragmatic implications not just for pharmaceutical trial quotas but also for other racial-classification issues in health care. For example, while it presents a cumulative case against the proposed practice of racial quotas in pharmaceutical trials, many of the same arguments presented are also applicable to the currently mandated practice of acquiring and reporting racial data of pharmaceutical trial participants. It will serve as a valuable resource not only for opponents of racial quotas but also for advocates. For example, this Article provides numerous race-neutral alternatives for consideration. And the strong case against racial quotas helps facilitate a refocus of efforts away from merely ameliorating the end results of health care disparities and instead targeting the root causes. Evidence suggests that this redirected focus on root causes is more effective at producing positive change. In this way, rejecting these quotas is not in conflict with addressing health disparities; rather, it is beneficial to it. This Article will hopefully serve as a catalyst for future research regarding best practices on how pragmatic; legal; and diversity, equity, and inclusion considerations can synergistically exist.
The singing firn
Authors: Chaput Julien , Aster Richard C. , Karplus Marianne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAntarctic firn presents an exotic seismological environment in which the behaviors of propagating waves can be significantly at odds with those in other Earth media. We present a condensed view of the nascent field of ambient noise seismology in Antarctic firn-covered media, and highlight multiple unusual and information-rich observations framed through the lens of the firn's important role as a buffer for air temperature anomalies and a complex contributor to ice mass balance. We summarize key results from several recent papers depicting novel wind-excited firn resonances and point to the plethora of ways these observations could facilitate imaging and monitoring of glacial systems at single, isolated seismometers. Finally, we propose significant instrumental and computational objectives necessary to constrain resonance excitation mechanisms and broadly apply these observations as useful monitoring tools in Antarctica.
Antimicrobial stewardship, procalcitonin testing, and rapid blood-culture identification to optimize sepsis care in critically ill adult patients: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Sligl Wendy I. , Chen Justin Z. , Wang Xiaoming , Boehm Cheyanne , Fong Karen , Crick Katelynn , Garrido Clua Míriam , Codan Cassidy , Dingle Tanis C. , Gregson Daniel , Prosser Connie , Sadrzadeh Hossein , Yan Charles , Chen Guanmin , Tse-Chang Alena , Garros Daniel , Doig Christopher J. , Zygun David , Opgenorth Dawn , Conly John M. , Bagshaw Sean M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We examined the effect of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), procalcitonin testing and rapid blood-culture identification on hospital mortality in a prospective quality improvement project in critically ill septic adults. Secondarily, we have reported antimicrobial guideline concordance, acceptance of ASP interventions, and antimicrobial and health-resource utilization.