bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and trends in local health departments’ efforts to promote access to care in local communities throughout the United States: The contributions of governance structures
Authors: Hearld Larry R. , Tafili Aurora , Kelly Reena Joseph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPublic health agencies like local health departments (LHDs) play an important role in addressing healthcare access disparities and service delivery gaps in local communities throughout the United States. Previous research has provided important snapshots into specific access issues confronted by LHDs; however, the literature lacks a more comprehensive view of LHDs' efforts to ensure broad access to care, how these have evolved over time more recently, and whether certain types of LHDs governance structures are more likely to engage in activities to ensure access to care. The purpose of this study was to address these gaps in the literature by exploring the prevalence of different activities to ensure access to care, describing how the prevalence of these activities have evolved over time, and examining whether the prevalence of these activities varied as a function of different governance structures. Using pooled, cross‐sectional survey data from four waves of a survey (2009, 2013, 2016, 2019) of LHDs in the United States, the univariate and bivariate analysis revealed that, over time, LHDs have generally increased their efforts to assess gaps in access to healthcare services and across all healthcare categories (i.e., medical, dental, behavioural health) but especially for behavioural health. Poisson regression models showed that LHDs with a more decentralised decision‐making structure were associated with more activities to ensure access to care, as compared to more centralised structures. Collectively, our findings indicate that despite growth in the number and percentage of LHDs assessing and addressing gaps in services, opportunities still exist to enhance access to healthcare services in local communities, particularly in the areas of dental and behavioural health. Our findings also suggest that stakeholders interested in improving LHDs’ efforts to ensure access to care in local communities may want to pay close attention to governance features of LHDs.
Mode of delivery of Finnish dichorionic and monochorionic‐diamniotic twins: A retrospective observational study including a risk score for intrapartum cesarean birth
Authors: Rissanen Annu‐Riikka S. , Loukovaara Mikko , Gissler Mika , Nupponen Irmeli K. , Nuutila Mika E. , Jernman Riina M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTrial of labor is considered safe also among twins, yet nearly 50% are born via cesarean section in Finland. While planned cesarean births have declined among twins, intrapartum cesarean deliveries have risen, postulating evaluation of criteria for trial of labor. The objective of this study was to create an outline of the mode of delivery of dichorionic and monochorionic‐diamniotic Finnish twins. By evaluating risk factors for intrapartum cesarean delivery (CD), we aimed at creating a risk score for intrapartum cesarean birth for twins.MethodsA retrospective observational study based on a cohort of dichorionic and monochorionic‐diamniotic twin pregnancies considered as candidates for trial of labor in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 (n = 720) was performed. Differences between parturients with vaginal delivery and intrapartum CD to identify potential risk factors for intrapartum CD were assessed. Logistic regression analysis (n = 707) was used to further define risk score points for recognized risk factors.ResultsA total of 23.8% (171/720, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.7–26.9) of parturients experienced intrapartum CD. Induction of labor, primiparity, fear of childbirth, artificial reproductive technology, higher maternal age, and other than cephalic/cephalic presentation independently associated with intrapartum CD. The achieved total risk score ranged from 0 to 13 points with significantly higher points among the CD group (6.61 vs. 4.42, p < 0.001). Using ≥8 points as a cut‐off, 51.4% (56/109) were delivered by intrapartum CD (sensitivity = 33.73%, specificity = 90.20%, positive predictive value = 51.38%, negative predictive value = 81.61%). The total risk score had a fair predictive capability for intrapartum CD (area under the curve = 0.729, 95% CI = 0.685–0.773).ConclusionFair‐level risk stratification could be achieved with higher maternal age, primiparity, induction of labor, artificial reproductive technology, fear of childbirth, and other than cephalic/cephalic presentation increasing the risk. Parturients with low‐risk score (0–7 points) appear to be the best candidates for trial of labor with acceptable CD rates in this group (18.4%).
How do university students perceive the educational transition in the COVID‐19 era: A cross‐sectional study from 15 Arab countries
Authors: Eltewacy Nael Kamel , Abu Farha Rana K. , Matar Sajeda G. , Jobran Afnan W. M. , Nagi Nesma Gebril , Benmelouka Amira Yasmine , Rohim Hagar Ismail , Yasseen Enas M. , Ayman Omnia , El‐Din Sayed Aya N. , Abdallah Reem Ahmed M. , Abdallah Rana Ahmed M. , Yousef Alaa M. , Yahia Ahmad B. , Brimo Alsaman Muhamad Zakaria , Ebada Mahmoud A. ,   EARG Collaborators
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe viral agent of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues to spread worldwide, leading to a global pandemic. this may negatively affect students' mental health who have to maintain their learning efforts. Therefore, we aimed to assess students' perceptions of the online learning programs designed for university students in Arab countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on university students using a self‐administered online questionnaire in 15 Arab countries, including 6779 participants. The actual sample size was calculated using the EpiInfo program calculator. The validated, piloted questionnaire assessed the effectiveness of internet‐based distance learning applications used in these countries during the pandemic. The SPSS version 22 was used.ResultsAmong the 6779 participants, 26.2% believed that their teachers diversify learning methods, 22.0% thought that their teachers were able to treat the weakness the students have, and 30.7% agreed that their teachers efficiently communicate with them through COVID‐19 internet‐based learning process. Around 33% of students participated in lectures effectively, 47.4% submitted their homework within accepted deadlines, and 28.6% thought that their colleagues did not cheat during exams and homework. Around 31.3% of students believed that online‐based learning had a role in directing them towards research, and 29.9% and 28.9%, respectively, believed that online learning had a role in developing analytical thinking and synthesis skills. Participants reported many suggestions to enhance the process of internet‐based distance learning in the future.ConclusionOur study suggests that online‐based distance learning in Arab countries still needs more improvement as students still are more inclined toward face‐to‐face teaching. However, exploring the factors that influence students' perceptions of e‐learning is vital for improving the quality of online‐based distance learning. We recommend exploring the perceptions of educators regarding their experience towards online‐based distance learning during COVID‐19 lockdown.
NaHCO3‐induced porous PbI2 enabling efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Du Yitian , Wang Ying , Wu Jihuai , Chen Qi , Deng Chunyan , Ji Ran , Sun Liuxue , Tan Lina , Chen Xia , Xie Yiming , Huang Yunfang , Vaynzof Yana , Gao Peng , Sun Weihai , Lan Zhang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDriven by their many unique features, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the most promising candidates in the photovoltaic field. Two‐step preparation of perovskite film is advantageous for its higher stability and reproducibility compared to the one‐step method, which is more suitable for practical application. However, the incomplete conversion of the dense lead iodide (PbI2) layer during the sequential spin‐coating of formamidinium/methylammonium (FA+/MA+) organic amine salts severely affect the performance of PSCs. Herein, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is used to induce the formation of porous PbI2, which facilitates the penetration of the FA+/MA+ ions and the formation of a perovskite film with high crystallinity and large grain microstructure. Meanwhile, the introduction of Na+ not only improves the energetic alignment of the PSC, but also increases the conductivity via p‐doping. As a result, the optimized NaHCO3‐modified PSC achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.0% with suppressed hysteresis. Moreover, the significant reduction in defect density and ion migration as well as a mild alkaline environment enhance the stability of device. The unencapsulated NaHCO3‐modified PSCs maintain over 90% of their original efficiency upon storage in ambient air (30%–40% relative humidity) for 2160 h. We have demonstrated an ingenious strategy for controlling the quality of perovskite and improving the performance of device by low‐temperature foaming of simple inorganic molecules of NaHCO3.image
Yoga training injury detection method based on multi‐sensor information fusion
Authors: Liu Juan , Li Yuanqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractYoga, as a kind of body building exercise, has always been loved by people. However, many people suffer from yoga training injuries due to long‐term incorrect posture and wrong exercise methods. There is an urgent need for a technology to help people detect and improve yoga training methods. Based on the past computer assistance method, this paper started from a new idea, and adopted the method of multi‐sensor information fusion to detect yoga training, aiming to help the masses better participate in yoga training. In this study, 50 volunteers were invited to participate in the comparative experiment. Based on multi‐sensor information fusion, and by building a human model, the tension and compression data before and after yoga training were compared to analyze the differences before and after calculation. It was concluded that the more sensors, the higher the degree of information fusion, and the lower the yoga training injury index. The injury index of yoga training without multi‐sensor information fusion technology in the early stage was 0.39. With the increase of the number of sensors, the injury index of yoga training has gradually decreased to 0.02, which was more than 5 percentage points lower than that of the previous methods. The experiment showed that the method of yoga training damage detection based on multi‐sensor information fusion was feasible, which also provided a new idea for the research of yoga training injury detection methods.
FTIR microspectroscopy and multivariate analysis facilitate identification of dynamic changes in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition induced by TGF‐β in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Karmakar Deepmala , Lahiri Pooja , Bedi Minakshi , Ghosh Aritri , Ghosh Alok , Barui Ananya , Varshney Shailendra Kumar , Lahiri Basudev , Sengupta Sanghamitra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe standard diagnosis of prostate cancer is accomplished by the identification of cytomorphological deviations in biopsied tissues while immunohistochemistry is used to resolve the equivocal cases. Accumulating evidence favors the concept that epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a stochastic process composed of multiple intermediate states instead of a single binary switch. Despite its significant role in promoting cancer aggressiveness, the current tissue‐based risk stratification tools do not include any of the EMT phenotypes as a metric. As a proof‐of‐concept, the present study analyzes the temporal progression of EMT in transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) treated PC3 cells encompassing multifarious characteristics such as morphology, migration and invasion, gene expression, biochemical fingerprint, and metabolic activity. Our multimodal approach reinstates EMT plasticity in TGF‐β treated PC3 cells. Further, it highlights that mesenchymal transition is accompanied by discernible changes in cellular morphometry and molecular signatures particularly in the range of 1800–1600 cm−1 and 3100–2800 cm−1 of Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra signifying Amide III and lipid, respectively. Investigation of attenuated total reflectance (ATR)‐FTIR spectra of extracted lipids from PC3 cell populations undergoing EMT identifies changes in stretching vibration at FTIR peaks at 2852, 2870, 2920, 2931, 2954, and 3010 cm−1 characteristics of fatty acids and cholesterol. Chemometric analysis of these spectra indicates that the level of unsaturation and acyl chain length of fatty acid coregister with differential epithelial/mesenchymal states of TGF‐β treated PC3 cells. Observed changes in lipids also correlate with cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide dihydrogen (FADH2) levels and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. In summary, our study establishes that morphological and phenotypic traits of epithelial/mesenchymal variants of PC3 cells concur with their respective biochemical and metabolic properties. It also underscores that spectroscopic histopathology has a definitive potential to refine the diagnosis of prostate cancer reckoning its molecular and biochemical heterogeneities.
Identification of novel scaffolds to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis PimA protein—A computational approach
Authors: Damera Thirupathi , Kondaparthi Vani , Bingi Madhavilatha , Mustyala Kiran Kumar , Malkhed Vasavi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhosphatidyl‐myo‐inositol mannosyltransferase (Pim) is a subset of the Glycosyl transferase type family that has been synthesized from 1D‐myo‐inositol and GDP‐α‐d‐mannose reaction in the presence of PimA protein as a catalyst, which PimA protein is identified as a high‐confidence therapeutic target. In‐silico technique such as homology modeling is the most efficient approach for discovering a new framework to study the modulations of protein function. Using In‐silico approaches, therapeutic compounds with high affinity, specificity, activity, low harmfulness, and no side effects can be found. Applying the Modeller software and molecular dynamics simulations, a stable three‐dimensional (3D) model of the PimA protein is produced. The modeled PimA protein consists of 20 helices and 27 twists in its 3D structure. Lead compounds that inhibit the PimA protein are found by applying the Schrodinger suite and the PyRx virtual screening tools. The amino acid residues PRO14 and ASP253 are identified as active residues involved in binding with the ligands. High‐potential lead compounds are discovered as ligand scaffolds against PimA protein with satisfactory ADME capabilities.
Influence of background music on stress reduction and impact on performances during students’ simulation exercises
Authors: Felszeghy Szabolcs , Liukkonen Mikko , Tornero Carlos Soler , Auvinen Olli M. , Hämäläinen Kalle , Banafa Aisha , Kurki Pirjo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe acquisition of manual skills is essential in preclinical dental training. Background music improves the learning of many manual skills, though we found no data on the consequences of background music on preclinical manual skills training of dental students.ObjectiveThe first aim of this project was to explore whether listening to slow background music could reduce the stress of students when learning how to perform cavity preparations and restorations in a simulation laboratory. The second aim of this study was to determine the impact of slow background music on the quality and time used during cavity preparation.MethodWe invited all of the 40 third‐year dental students to participate in the study, of whom 88% chose to anonymously fill in questionnaires on their subjective evaluations of the effects of slow background music on the stress or anxiety levels experienced during the course. Twenty‐four students further volunteered to participate in a cross‐over study on the impact of slow background music on the quality of and time used during cavity preparation.ResultsThe overall satisfaction with the slow background music was high. In particular, the music reduced stress but also increased motivation to learn and practice. Communication in the classroom went well despite the music. Time use and quality of cavity preparation were enhanced.ConclusionThis study lends support to the use of slow background music in preclinical cariology training, as it appeared to have helpful effects on dental skills education and practice.
Ultrastructure of Javaen barb fish Systomus orphoides Valenciennes, 1842 spermatozoa (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) by electron microscopes
Authors: Hilia Sri Widiyanti Rahayu , Abinawanto  , Dwiranti Astari , Bowolaksono Anom , Lestari Retno , Fadhilah  , Kristanto Anang Hari , Ohmido Nobuko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJavaen barb fish Systomus orphoides Valenciennes, 1842 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) is a freshwater fish whose population is declining and threatened with extinction. In this study, the ultrastructure of spermatozoa of Javaen barb fish (S. orphoides) was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The spermatozoa of S. orphoides are relatively simple cells composed of a spherical head, a short midpiece, and a flagellum, as in most Cyprinidae. The ultrastructure is characterized by the absence of acrosome, the total length of spermatozoa is 27.16 ± 4.5 μm, and the head has spherical with a length of 1.84 ± 0.10 μm and width of 1.55 ± 0.15 μm containing a nucleus, midpiece region containing the proximal and distal centrioles and mitochondria. Two or three mitochondria surrounding the axoneme (with a 9 + 2 microtubular pattern). Ultrastructural analyses by SEM and TEM of Javaen barb fish spermatozoa cells are very consistent with those of Cyprinidae. This study provides the ultrastructure information of S. orphoides spermatozoa in the Cyprinidae family this research could be useful in increasing reproductive efficiency and further prevent the extinction of this species.
Mapping and characterization of G‐quadruplexes in monkeypox genomes
Authors: Pereira Higor Sette , Gemmill Darren L. , Siddiqui M. Quadir , Vasudeva Gunjan , Patel Trushar R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMonkeypox virus (MPXV) is a double‐stranded DNA virus from the family Poxviridae, which is endemic in West and Central Africa. Various human outbreaks occurred in the 1980s, resulting from a cessation of smallpox vaccination. Recently, MPXV cases have reemerged in non‐endemic nations, and the 2022 outbreak has been declared a public health emergency. Treatment optionsare limited, and many countries lack the infrastructure to provide symptomatic treatments. The development of cost‐effective antivirals could ease severe health outcomes. G‐quadruplexes have been a target of interest in treating viral infections with different chemicals. In the present work, a genomic‐scale mapping of different MPXV isolates highlighted two conserved putative quadruplex‐forming sequences MPXV‐exclusive in 590 isolates. Subsequently, we assessed the G‐quadruplex formation using circular dichroism spectroscopy and solution small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Furthermore, biochemical assays indicated the ability of MPXV quadruplexes to be recognized by two specific G4‐binding partners—Thioflavin T and DHX36. Additionally, our work also suggests that a quadruplex binding small‐molecule with previously reported antiviral activity, TMPyP4, interacts with MPXV G‐quadruplexes with nanomolar affinity in the presence and absence of DHX36. Finally, cell biology experiments suggests that TMPyP4 treatment substantially reduced gene expression of MPXV proteins. In summary, our work provides insights into the G‐quadruplexes from the MPXV genome that can be further exploited to develop therapeutics.
Current status, technology, regulation and future perspectives of essential oils usage in the food and drink industry
Authors: Tsitlakidou Petroula , Tasopoulos Nikolaos , Chatzopoulou Paschalina , Mourtzinos Ioannis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNowadays, essential oils (EOs) have a wide use in many applications such as in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and animal feed products. Consumers’ preferences concerning healthier and safer foodstuffs lead to an increased demand for natural products, in replacement of synthetic substances, used as preservatives, flavourings etc. EOs, besides being safe, are promising alternatives as natural food additives, and much research has been carried out on their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The initial purpose of this review is to discuss conventional and ‘green’ extraction techniques along with their basic mechanism for the isolation of EOs from aromatic plants. This review aims to provide a broad overview of the current knowledge about the chemical constitution of EOs while considering the existence of different chemotypes, since bioactivity is attributed to the chemical composition – qualitative and quantitative – of EOs. Although the food industry primarily uses EOs as flavourings, an overview on recent applications of EOs in food systems and active packaging is provided. EOs exhibit poor solubility in water, oxidation susceptibility, negative organoleptic effect and volatility, restricting their use. Encapsulation techniques have been proven to be one of the best approaches to preserve the biological activities of EOs and minimize their effects on food sensory qualities. Herein, different encapsulation techniques and their basic mechanism for loading EOs are discussed. EOs are highly accepted by consumers, who are often under the misconception that ‘natural’ means safe. This is, however, an oversimplification, and the possible toxicity of EOs should be taken into consideration. Thus, in the final section of the current review, the focus is on current EU legislation, safety assessment and sensory evaluation of EOs. © 2023 The Authors.Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculturepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.