bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster randomised trial to evaluate comprehensive approach to hypertension management in Nepal: a study protocol
Authors: Bhattarai Sanju , Shrestha Archana , Skovlund Eva , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Mjølstad Bente Prytz , Sen Abhijit 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionDespite having effective approaches for hypertension management including use of antihypertensive medication, monitoring of blood pressure and lifestyle modification many people with hypertension in Nepal remain undetected and untreated. A comprehensive intervention which provides personalised counselling on lifestyle modification, medication adherence together with support for regular monitoring of blood pressure is expected to achieve well controlled blood pressure.Methods and analysisThis is a community-based, non-blinded, parallel group, two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, with an allocation ratio of 1:1, conducted in Budhanilkantha municipality, Nepal. Ten health facilities and their catchment area are randomly allocated to either of the two arms. 1250 individuals aged 18 years and older with an established diagnosis of hypertension will be recruited. The intervention arm receives a comprehensive hypertension management package that includes blood pressure audit by health workers, home-based patient support by community health workers to engage patient and family members in providing tailored educational counselling on behavioural and lifestyle changes in addition to routine care. The control arm includes routine hypertension care. Trained enumerators will ensure consent and collect data. Outcome data on blood pressure, weight, waist and hip circumference will be measured and self-reported data on diet, lifestyle, medication adherence and hypertension knowledge will be registered at 11 months’ follow-up. The change in outcome measures will be compared by intention to treat, using a generalised linear mixed model. A formative assessment will be conducted using semistructured interviews and focus group discussions to explore factors affecting hypertension management. A mix-method approach will be applied for process evaluation to explore acceptability, adoption, fidelity, feasibility and coverage.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council (682/2021) and Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, Norway (399479). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal articles and with decision makers in Nepal.
Light quark jet quenching in higher-derivative gravity
Authors: Zhang Zi-qiang , Zhu Xiangrong , Hou De-fu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study finite-coupling corrections on the energy loss of light quarks in strongly coupled$${\mathcal {N}}=4$$N=4super Yang–Mills (SYM) plasma. We perform the analysis by computing the stopping distance of an image jet induced by a massless source field, characterized by a massless particle falling along the null geodesic in Einstein gravity with curvature-squared ($$R^2$$R2) corrections. It turns out that the stopping distance in the$$R^2$$R2theories can be larger or smaller than its SYM counterpart depending on the higher-derivative coefficients. Moreover, we evaluate the stopping distance in the Gauss–Bonnet background and find that increasing$$\lambda _\textrm{GB}$$λGB(a dimensionless parameter in Gauss–Bonnet gravity) leads to a decrease in the stopping distance, thus enhancing the energy loss of light quarks, in agreement with previous findings for the drag force, jet quenching parameter, and the instantaneous energy loss of light quarks using shooting strings.
Extended GUP formulation and the role of momentum cut-off
Authors: Segreto Sebastiano , Montani Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe analyze the extension of the GUP theory deriving from the modified uncertainty principle in agreement with the string low energy limit, which represents one of the most general formulations satisfying the Jacobi identity, in the context of the associative algebras. After providing some physical insights on the nature of the considered approaches exploiting the cosmological arena, first, we show how a natural formulation of the theory in an infinite momentum space does not lead to the emergence of a nonzero minimal uncertainty in position, then we construct a truncated formulation of the theory in momentum space, proving that only in this case we can recover the desired feature of the presence of a nonzero minimal uncertainty in position, which – as usual in these theories – can be interpreted as a phenomenological manifestation of cut-off physics effects. Both quantization schemes are completely characterized and finally applied to study wave packets’ behavior and their evolution in time. The obtained results can shed light on which generalizations of the GUP theory are more coherent with the string low energy limit, in view of the existence of a minimum length in the form of a minimal uncertainty in position.
Mass of compact stars in f(T) gravity
Authors: de Araujo J. C. N. , Fortes H. G. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mass of compact objects in General Relativity (GR), which as is well known, is obtained via the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equations, is a well defined quantity. However, in alternative gravity, this is not in general the case. In the particular case of f(T) gravity, where T is the scalar torsion, some authors consider that this is still an open question, since it is not guaranteed that the same equation used in TOV GR holds. In this paper we consider such an important issue and compare different ways to calculate the mass of compact objects in f(T) gravity. In particular, we argue that one of them, the asymptotic mass, may be the most appropriate way to calculate mass in this theory. We adopt realistic equations of state in all the models presented in this article.
SMEFiT: a flexible toolbox for global interpretations of particle physics data with effective field theories
Authors: Giani Tommaso , Magni Giacomo , Rojo Juan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) provides a robust framework to interpret experimental measurements in the context of new physics scenarios while minimising assumptions on the nature of the underlying UV-complete theory. We present the Python open source SMEFiT framework, designed to carry out parameter inference in the SMEFT within a global analysis of particle physics data. SMEFiT is suitable for inference problems involving a large number of EFT degrees of freedom, without restrictions on their functional dependence in the fitted observables, can include UV-inspired restrictions in the parameter space, and implements arbitrary rotations between operator bases. Posterior distributions are determined from two complementary approaches, Nested Sampling and Monte Carlo optimisation. SMEFiT is released together with documentation, tutorials, and post-analysis reporting tools, and can be used to carry out state-of-the-art EFT fits of Higgs, top quark, and electroweak production data. To illustrate its functionalities, we reproduce the results of the recent ATLAS EFT interpretation of Higgs and electroweak data from Run II and demonstrate how equivalent results are obtained in two different operator bases.
Non-spherical sources of Schwarzschild space-time
Authors: Hernández-Pastora J. L. , Herrera L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile it is known that any spherical fluid distribution may only source the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild space-time, the inverse is not true. Thus, in this manuscript, we find exact axially symmetric and static fluid (interior) solutions to Einstein equations, which match smoothly on the boundary surface to the Schwarzschild (exterior) space-time, even though the fluid distribution is not endowed with spherical symmetry. The solutions are obtained by using the general approach outlined in Hernández-Pastora et al. (Class Quantum Gravity 33:235005, 2016), and satisfy the usual requirements imposed to any physically admissible interior solution. A discussion about the physical and geometric properties of the source is presented. The relativistic multipole moments (RMM) are explicitly calculated in terms of the physical variables, allowing to prove that spherical sources can only match to the Schwarzschild space-time. The complexity of the source is evaluated through the complexity factors. It is shown that there is only one independent complexity factor, as in the spherically symmetric case.
What’s in a name?
Authors: Monfort-Urkizu Beñat , Navarro Jaume 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development and evolution of the “Einstein–Æther Theory” (Æ-theory) shows that there is a field in cosmology where the word ether is being used again. It is unclear, however, whether this æther may be regarded in continuation with previous ethers, or it is an altogether new entity. The main goal of this paper is to understand the nature of this new ether in the context of previous instances of this scientific object. In order to do so, we shall first give a brief historical account of the distinct uses the word had assumed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, before its demise. Then, we shall describe the major attempts to revive the ether over the last century, focusing on the last endeavor: the Æ-theory. In this article, we do not intend to support or reject this new use of the word, but to stress the complexity of establishing a consistent historical narrative of some scientific objects like the ether.
Buṭrus al-Bustānī: Between Secularism and Christianity
Authors: Abu Samra Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The vast majority of studies on Buṭrus al-Bustānī (1819–83), a leading intellectual of the Arab Nahḍa, have focused on his intellectual “transitions” from the Maronite church to Protestantism and then to various secular pursuits, such as fostering a Syrian national identity, the separation of religion and politics, and supporting a political culture based on equal rights and religious ecumenism. The present article contends that the extant literature confers undue precedence to the secular over the religious in Bustānī’s intellectual biography. A balanced portrayal requires giving due weight to his engagement with religious matters, such as: a defense of Protestantism as the sole true faith; the divine character, textual integrity, and veracity of the Bible; and the rejection of Darwinism’s contradiction of aspects of his faith. The study also elucidates his explicit prejudices against Catholicism and Islam that were concomitant with his defense of freedom of conscience and support for revival of classical Arabic culture. The study shows that Bustānī strove to balance his loyalties to multiple intellectual orientations, creating tension within his own thought.
slt s and Education: Social Capital Relations During covid-19 Disruption
Authors: McCartney Elspeth , Forbes Joan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
During covid-19 lockdown precautions in Scotland, severe disruption occurred to collaborative working amongst speech and language therapists (slt s) and education authorities’ staff meeting the needs of school pupils with language disorders. This was documented in surveys undertaken by the slt UK professional body, and by Scottish child health services’ slt lead practitioners. An slt Scotland officer fed the findings to a national working party updating the Scottish digital health and care strategy, and to other decision makers. The social capital relations involved and developed are here described using Bourdieusian theoretical frameworks, and the cross-sectoral, cross-institutional restabilising commitments, relations and professional agency required to re-establish collaborative working practices are presented and discussed.
Characteristics of Attempted and Completed Suicides During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Flesher Nathan , Zayat Marisa-Nicole , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , Lightwine Kelly , Haan James M. 
Published: May 2023

Background This study aimed to describe patients admitted for attempted or completed suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A 1-year retrospective review was performed of adult patients admitted for attempted or completed suicide. Results Of the 30 patients included, most injuries involved firearms (37%) and cutting/piercing (30%). Sixty-three percent of patients presented with an Injury Severity Score ≥16, and 37% of injuries involved the head. Upon admission, an alcohol test was completed for 83% of patients, 56% of whom tested positive. Thirty percent of patients died from their injuries, with all but one involving a firearm. Most of those who survived to discharge (62%) were discharged to an inpatient behavioral health facility. Discussion The current study indicated a large proportion of suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic involved firearms and alcohol use. These findings point to the need for interventions aimed at preventing suicide and substance abuse during pandemic situations.
Impact of Postoperative Imaging Following Emergency Surgery for Penetrating Ballistic Thoracic Trauma
Authors: Sozzi Marco , Wu Yutung , Matsushima Kazuhide , Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Martin Matthew 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Patients undergoing emergent surgical procedures after penetrating trauma can benefit from postoperative imaging studies to identify potential missed injuries or indications to additional surgery. Aim of this study is to describe postoperative imaging findings in patients who underwent emergent operation for thoracic gunshot wounds (GSWs) and the subsequent need for further surgery, diagnostic evaluations or consults. Methods Patients who survived to receive imaging evaluation after emergency surgery for penetrating chest trauma in a level I trauma center between 2017 and 2021 were included. Results of postoperative diagnostic evaluation were screened to determine their impact on the subsequent management. Results Overall, 125 patients admitted with a thoracic GSW underwent an emergent surgical procedure and 29 survived to receive postoperative imaging and were included. Postoperative CT-scan was performed in 26 (89.6%) patients, echocardiography in 8 (27.5%). Other tests included esophagoscopy (1) and bronchoscopy (1). Impact on management of abnormal imaging included a new indication to surgery or additional procedures in 7 cases and need for additional imaging or consults in other 8 cases. Bone fractures and lung injuries were more often diagnosed on postoperative CT-scan. In 3 patients, abnormal echocardiographic findings led to a second cardiac operation. Conclusion Following emergency surgery for penetrating trauma, completion of injury assessment with CT-scan can lead to identification of missed or additional injuries, while other imaging is indicated according to operative findings. In this study, 24.1% had additional surgical pathology identified by postoperative imaging while others had findings requiring additional studies or specialist consult evaluations.
A systematic review examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on functional outcomes post-stroke
Authors: Fleet Jamie L , McIntyre Amanda , Janzen Shannon , Saikaley Marcus , Qaqish Michael , Cianfarani Robert , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

Objective The objective of this systematic review was to explore the effect of vitamin D supplementation on functional outcomes (motor function, mobility, activities of daily living and stroke impairment) among individuals post-stroke (PROSPERO CRD42022296462). Data Sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched for all articles published up to March 5, 2023. Methods Only interventional studies assessing vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo or usual care in adult stroke patients were selected. After duplicate removal, 2912 studies were screened by two independent reviewers. A total of 43 studies underwent full text review; 10 studies met inclusion criteria (8 randomized controlled trials and 2 non-randomized studies of intervention). Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using Covidence software. Motor function (Brunnstrom Recovery Stage, Berg Balance Score), mobility (Functional Ambulation Category), activities of daily living (Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure) and stroke impairment (modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes for Health Stroke Severity, Scandinavian Stroke Severity) were the outcome measures of interest reported in the included studies. Results In total, 691 patients were studied for which 11 of 13 outcome measures showed improvement with vitamin D supplementation. Conclusions The majority of studies showed a statistical improvement in motor function, mobility, and stroke impairment with vitamin D supplementation; however, the evidence did not support an improvement in activities of daily living with treatment. Despite this, there may not be clinical significance. Strong, methodologically sound, randomized controlled trials are required to verify these findings.
Actin reorganization in hippocampal neurons may play a role in early learning and memory impairment after propofol anesthesia in rats
Authors: Zhang Xuena , Li Jie 
Published: May 2023

Objectives To observe changes in actin and dendritic spines in the hippocampus after propofol anesthesia, and to evaluate the role of these changes in subsequent learning impairment in both young (3-month-old) and aged (20-month-old) male rats. Methods The shuttle box test was used to evaluate learning from 1, 3, 7, or 14 days after anesthesia. Both F-actin content and dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed using immunofluorescent staining and western blot assays. Results The latency of the escape response was significantly prolonged until 7 days after anesthesia in the aged rats, and their learning curves were shifted. Dendritic spines were also decreased in the aged rats within 7 days after anesthesia, and F-actin content was significantly increased until 14 days after anesthesia. Conclusions Learning was inhibited after propofol anesthesia, especially in aged rats. The over-polymerization of actin and subsequent reorganization of dendritic spines in the hippocampus may be responsible for this learning impairment. Our findings suggest that synaptic plasticity may be an underlying mechanism of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
Ethics positions of nursing students in clinical decision-making
Authors: Turan Nazan , Çekiç Yasemin 
Published: May 2023

Background Ethics positions, consisting of the two fundamental dimensions of idealism and relativism, influence individuals’ decision-making significantly. Particularly in an applied field such as nursing, the ethics positions of nurses can play a significant role in clinical decisions. Therefore, it is important to know the factors affecting the ethics positions of nurses in clinical decision-making. Aim The aim of the study is to examine the factors affecting the ethics positions of nursing students in clinical decision-making. Research design This is a two-phase sequential explanatory mixed methods study designed in accordance with the COREQ criteria. A participant Information Form and the Ethics Position Questionnaire were used to collect quantitative data. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group interviews. Ethical considerations This study was conducted after receiving written permission from X University Ethics Board. Additionally, permission was obtained from the participating nursing faculty. Participants Among the fourth-year nursing students, 180 students participated in the quantitative phase and 30 students in the qualitative phase of the study. Results The quantitative data analysis showed that the idealism sub-dimension mean scores of the participants were higher than the relativism sub-dimension mean scores. The analysis of the qualitative data resulted in four main themes that influence participants’ ethics positions in clinical decision-making: (1) attitudes of role models in clinical practice (staff nurses/mentors/lecturers), (2) resources related to clinical practice (labs, hospitals/classrooms), (3) health system (hospital policies/school policies), and (4) personal differences (act with emotion/act with logic). Conclusion The results showed that the health system, role models in the clinic, personal differences, and skill-related resources affect the ethics positions of nursing students in clinical decision-making. In this regard, awareness can be raised by providing training to nursing students by academic instructors on ethics positions and the factors that are determined to affect ethics positions in clinical decision-making.
A WAP-Based Concept Acquisition Teaching Model in Cleft Lip and Palate Phenotype and Embryonic Development: Functionality and Usability Study
Authors: Yang Jiegang , Li Jian , Qin Chuanqi , Fu Xiazhou 
Published: May 2023

Objective Taking advantage of the broad coverage of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), we developed a Content Management System (CMS)-programmed mobile learning application. This application can help the undergraduate to obtain a comprehensive understanding of concepts in Cleft lip and palate Phenotype, and Embryonic development (CPE). The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the concept acquisition teaching model on the basis of WAP in a practical undergraduate course of CPE. Design The concept acquisition teaching model based on WAP was programmed by CMS, covering definitions of various cleft lip and palate, the mechanisms underlying the phenotypes, practical medical cases, as well as corresponding tests after learning. Setting The CPE concept acquisition teaching model was distributed to a total of 524 undergraduate students and 46 tutors participated in CPE teaching from seven highly ranked schools of stomatology in China since April 2022. Participants 524 undergraduate students and 46 tutors from seven highly ranked schools of stomatology in China. Interventions The CPE concept acquisition teaching model. Main outcome measures The effectiveness of the CPE teaching model. Results The response rate to the survey was 100%. The grading of the questionnaires indicated that the students were satisfied with the usability, practicality, and outcome, whereas the tutors were more positive with the contents, cooperation, and outcome. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of the WAP-based concept acquisition teaching model of CPE and a high level of satisfaction among undergraduate students and tutors who major in Stomatology.