bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Quantitative Diffusion Parameters for Differentiating Histopathological Features and Subtypes of Breast Cancers: Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) and Histogram Analysis of ADC
Authors: Amini Behnam , Ghasemi Moein , Rashidi Fatemeh , Farazandeh Dorreh , Jafarimehrabady Niloofar , Alaei Maryam , Sedaghat Mona , Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi , Torabi Sarah , Karimi Nastaran , Parsaei Amirhossein , Dehnavi Ali Zare , Rikhtehgar Masih , Shahbaz Amir Pasha Amel , Vajihinejad Maryam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study is to quantitatively compare the diagnostic value of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating the histopathological features and subtypes of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
There were 98 patients with breast cancer studied by multiple b value DWIs and DKIs grouped according to their molecular prognostic factors. Entropy and histogram derived parameters of volumetric ADC values, true diffusivity (Dt), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (Dp), perfusion fraction (f), mean kurtosis (MK), and mean diffusivity (MD) maps were calculated using voxel based analysis for the whole lesion volume. The diagnostic efficacy of various diffusion parameters for predicting both molecular prognostic factors (Hormone-Receptor (HR, ER or PR positive), HER2 and ki67) and breast cancer subtypes were compared. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, ROC analysis, multivariate backward logistic regression, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and partial eta squared (ηp2) estimation.
Results
HR- positive tumors had significantly lower median ADC values (P= < 0.001, Bonferroni adjusted significance < 0.002) than HR- negative tumors. HER-2 positive tumors had significantly higher mean ADC values and last ADC quartile (P< 0.001, univariate regression: OR=99.3, 14.2, AUC=0.79, 0.73, P<0.001) than HER-2 negative tumors. High ki67 tumors had significantly lower last ADC quartile (P< 0.001) than tumors with low ki67 index. Luminal B subtype had significantly lower mean ADC, median ADC (OR=0.011, AUC=0.78, P<0.001) and last ADC Quartile (P< 0.001, Bonferroni adjusted significance < 0.001), HER-2 subtype had significantly higher mean ADC, median ADC and last ADC Quartile (P< 0.001, (OR=129.2, 32.1, 78.7, univariate regression, P<0.001, AUC=0.94, 82, 89, P<0.001) and triple negative subtype showed significantly lower MD (P< 0.001, univariate regression: OR=0.02, AUC=0.73, P=0.002) than other tumor subtypes. ANCOVA analyses found a significant association between mean ADC and luminal HER2 (ηp2=0.86, P< 0.001) after adjusting for molecular prognostic factors.
Conclusion
The use of diffusion imaging with multiple b values will be beneficial for the classification of breast cancers.
Predictors of Not Exclusively Breastfeeding among Ghanaian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chanase Mary-Ann Wepiamo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a practice highly recommended by the WHO and UNICEF for all infants to be given solely breastmilk in the first six months. This practice is advised because breastmilk is the gold standard of infant feeding, as it is untainted and comprises all of the essential nutrients for the first few months of a child’s life. The objective of this study is to focus on the factors that prevent mothers from exclusively breastfeeding among Ghanaian women residents in rural and urban geographic locations.
Methods
Data were acquired from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) for this analysis. A total of 557 mothers who had infants in the last 2 years between the ages of 0–5 months were extracted from the individual child (KR) dataset. A logistic regression model was utilized to ascertain the predictors of not exclusively breastfeeding among Ghanaian women.
Results
Overall, 52% of mothers engaged in exclusive breastfeeding. Ethnicity, infant size, region, marital status, mother’s age, and husband’s occupation had a significant association with breastfeeding status [Table 1]. The binary logistic regression revealed that the timing of first antennal visits, maternal education, region, ethnicity, and husband’s occupation were significantly associated with predictors of EBF. Mothers without formal education and mothers whose husbands/partners' occupation was skilled manual labor were more likely to not breastfeed exclusively. Mothers residing in the northern part of Ghana, mothers of a minority ethnic group, and the timing of first antennal visits had lower odds of not exclusively breastfeeding.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that breastfeeding in Ghana is a universal practice since more than 98% of infants were birthed in the last 2 years breastfed before at some point. Despite the existence of breastfeeding campaigns and the high awareness created, EBF rates continue to decline in the nation. Therefore, it is crucial to develop and implement EBF intervention programs that aim to eliminate misconceptions and misinformation about the practice with more emphasis on the health and economic benefits of EBF.
Secular trends of low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age in Shanghai from 2004 to 2020: an age-period-cohort analysis
Authors: Zhou Rongfei , Yu Huiting , Qian Naisi , Jin Shan , Cai Renzhi , Chen Lei , Wang Chunfang , Wu Fan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Although highly heterogeneous among countries, the incidence rates of low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA) have been increasing globally over the past two decades. To better understand the cause of the secular trends, this study aimed to clarify the effects of age, period, and birth cohorton adverse birth outcomes in Shanghai.
Methods: Data of 2,958,695 singleton live births at 24-41 gestational weeks between 2004 and 2020 were obtained for this study. Age-period-cohort models based on Poisson regression were used to evaluate the independent effects of maternal age, delivery period, and maternal birth cohort on the trends in LBW, PTB, and SGA.
Results: The incidence rates of LBW, PTB, and SGA were 2.9%, 4.7%, and 9.3%, respectively, and significant changes were observed (+6.2‰, +6.1‰, and -11.0‰, respectively) from 2004 to 2020. Cohort effect increased steadily, from 1960 (risk ratio [RR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.78) to 1993 (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.01) for LBW and from 1960 (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.64-0.75) to 2004 (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.94-1.12) for PTB. A strong cohort effect was found with the highest risk of SGA (RR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.72-1.93) in 1960 and the lowest risk (RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.54-0.61) in 2004, compared with the reference cohort of 1985. There was a “U-shaped” maternal age effect on LBW and PTB and a weak period effect on the three birth outcomes.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest a significant independenteffect of age, period, and birth cohort on the three birth outcomes. The increasing rates of LBW and PTB inspired us to focus on young and advanced pregnant women. Meanwhile, the prevalence of SGA decreased steadily, illustrating the need for further research on the mechanisms underlying these trends.
Feasibility and Safety of Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (V-NOTES) Panhysterectomy: A Polycentric Retrospective Study
Authors: Qian Panlian , Chen Weimin , Su Bin , Chen Yao , Shan Wulin , Tang Huimin , Wei Weiwei , Wang Huihui , Xia Bairong , Chen Jiming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the feasibility and safety of Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (V-NOTES) panhysterectomy.
Method
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 75 patients who underwent panhysterectomy for hysteromyoma in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Tongxiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital; Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from June 2019 to June 2020. According to the operation mode, the patients were divided into two groups: the traditional Multi-Port Laparoscopic Surgery (MPLS) group (n = 45) and the Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (V-NOTES) group (n = 30). The operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exsufflation time, postoperative activity time, hospital stay, treatment cost, 6h activities of daily living (ADL) score after the operation, cosmetic score, visual analog score, and complications were observed in the two groups.
Results
Perioperative period related indicators: Compared with the MPLS group, the total treatment cost and cosmetic score of the V-NOTES group were significantly better than those of the MPLS group, but the operation duration was longer, and the HB decreased more significantly (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exsufflation time, postoperative activity time, 6h ADL score after the operation, and hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative pain: The VAS score 1h, 6h, 12h, and 24h after the operation was lower in the V-NOTES group than in the MPLS group (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications: The complication rate of the V-NOTES group was significantly lower than that of the MPLS group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
In treating panhysterectomy patients, both V-NOTES and MPLS can achieve satisfactory efficacy and prognosis, and both have advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, the V-NOTES surgery has significant advantages such as a lower treatment cost, lower incidence of postoperative complications, less pain, and more beautiful wounds.
Perception of corneal extraction from cadavers among Beni-Suef University Hospital Physicians, Egypt
Authors: Senosy Shaimaa , Hifnawy Tamer , Youssef Mohamed , Khedr Mohamed , Mostafa Zahraa M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives This study investigated the perception of healthcare physicians about cadaveric corneal extraction for corneal transplantation in Beni-Suef University Hospital, Egypt. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed physicians’ awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards cadaveric corneal extraction for transplantation. It was conducted among 104 physicians (resident doctors up to professors) in Beni-Suef University Hospital using a self-administered questionnaire, between September and November 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with a confidence interval and significance level of 95% and 0.05, respectively. Results Most (93.3%) of the participants were aware of cadaveric corneal extraction. However, only 19.2% had good knowledge of corneal extraction. Participants’ knowledge showed a statistically significant negative linear correlation with age (r = − 0.339, p = 0.001), and years of experience (r = − 0.320, p = 0.001). Participants accepting corneal extraction because donated cornea can give good results (51.9% important, 29.8% very important) and it is a pleasure to help a blind person (27.9% important, 53.8% very important). The perceived barriers to corneal extraction were lack of awareness about corneal extraction (30.8% important, 26% very important) and objection to eye donation by family members (33.7% important, 25% very important). Conclusion Physicians at Beni-Suef University Hospital have inadequate understanding about cadaveric corneal extraction. Which makes them insufficiently qualified to guide and encourage corneal donation. With the right knowledge and perception, physicians can help raise awareness and encourage corneal donation while doing their daily professional duties.
Finite Element Analysis of the Knee Joint Stress After Partial Meniscectomy for Meniscus Horizontal Cleavage Tears
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Lantao , Zhang Youlei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Backgrounds: Although most scholars believe that suture is the best way to treat horizontal cleavage tears (HCT), they often choose partial meniscectomy resection because it is very difficult to suture horizontal meniscal tears by arthroscope and it is difficult to heal. However, there seems to be no conclusion as to which of the popular single lobectomy and double lobectomy has the least effect on the internal pressure of the knee. So we hope to use a three-dimensional model of the knee joint to simulate this process, so as to draw conclusions. This study aims to establish a finite element model of meniscus horizontal fracture and partial resection, and to simulate the mechanical changes of knee joint under 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40° flexion angles, and to explore what is the optimal surgical plan.
Methods The MRI data of the knee joint were extracted, and the 3D model was reconstructed by Mimics Research, Geomagic Wrap and SolidWorks software. The mechanical simulation was carried out in AnsysWorkbench to compare the mechanical changes of knee joint under different meniscectomy models.
Results The analysis results showed that the changes of pressure, shear force and stress area in the medial and lateral compartments of the knee model with the resection of the upper lobe of the meniscus horizontal cleft were the most similar to the changes of the knee model with the meniscus horizontal cleft.
Conclusion Suture repair is the best way to maintain the force relationship in the knee joint. However, resection of the upper lobe of the meniscus is also a reliable choice when suture repair is difficult.
Construction and evaluation of a phospholipid-based phase transition in situ gel system for brexpiprazole
Authors: Tao Ran , Liu Li , Xiong Yingxin , Zhang Qianyu , Lv Xiangyu , He Linbo , Ren Fang , Zhou Lu , Chen Baoyan , Wu Kexin , Zhang Yan , Chen Huali 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop phospholipid-based injectable phase transition in situ gels (PTIGs) for the sustained release of Brexpiprazole (Brex). Phospholipid (Lipoid S100, S100) and stearic acid (SA) were used as the gel matrix which was dissolved in biocompatible solvent medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and ethanol to obtain PTIGs solution. The Brex PTIG showed a solution condition of low viscosity in vitro and was gelatinized in situ in vivo after subcutaneous injection. Both in vitro release assay and in vivo pharmacokinetics study in SD rats displayed that Brex in PTIGs could achieve a sustained release, compared with brexpiprazole solution (Brex-Sol) or brexpiprazole suspension (Brex-Sus). The Brex-PTIGs had good degradability and biocompatibility in vivo with rare inflammation at the injection site. Among the three Brex-PTIG formulations, Brex-PTIG-3 with the SA in the formulation had the greatest gelation viscosity, the lowest initial release rate, and the most stable release profile with sustained release of up to 60 days. The above results indicated that, as a novel drug delivery system, the Brex-PTIGs offered a new option for the clinical treatment of patients with schizophrenia.
Deletion of Gpatch2 does not alter Tnf expression in mice
Authors: Dalseno Destiny , Anderton Holly , Kueh Andrew , Herold Marco , Silke John , Strasser Andreas , Bouillet Philippe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The cytokine TNF has essential roles in immune defence against diverse pathogens and, when deregulated, it can drive severe inflammatory disease. The proper control of TNF levels is therefore critical for normal functioning of the immune system and health. We have identified GPATCH2 as a putative repressor of Tnf expression acting post-transcriptionally through the Tnf 3’ UTR following a CRISPR screen for novel regulators of TNF expression. GPATCH2 is a proposed cancer-testis antigen with roles reported in proliferation in cell lines. However, its role within the whole organism has not been established. We have generated Gpatch2−/− C57BL/6 mice to assess the potential of GPATCH2 as a regulator of Tnf expression. Here we show that loss of GPATCH2 does not affect basal Tnf expression in mice, nor Tnf expression in intraperitoneal LPS and subcutaneous SMAC-mimetic injection models of inflammation. We have detected endogenous GPATCH2 protein in mouse testis tissue, however, testis morphology is unaltered in Gpatch2−/− animals. Gpatch2−/− mice are viable, appear grossly normal, and we did not detect aberrations in lymphoid tissues or blood cell composition. Collectively, our results suggest no indispensable role for GPATCH2 in the control of Tnf expression, and the absence of an overt phenotype warrants further investigation of the role of GPATCH2 in vivo which may be masked by substantial functional overlap with a related protein.
Ammonia emission of paddy was reduced by the combined action of soil and plants under long-term rice-based cropping system
Authors: Zhou Wei , Yan Fengjun , Fan Yu , Chen Yanqiu , Hu Zhitao , Wang Tao , Liu Qi , Chen Yong , Deng Fei , Lei Xiaolong , Hu Jianfeng , Tao Youfeng , Cheng Hong , Ren Wanjun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
In order to reveal the influence of different cropping system on ammonia volatilization in paddy field and be helpful to the sustainable development of agricultural system.
Methods
Two long-term paddy-upland rotations, garlic-rice (GR) and wheat-rice (WR), were conducted to investigate the influence factors and difference of ammonia volatilization in paddy using in situ ventilation method in field and pot experiments.
Results
Although the soil nitrogen level was higher under GR, the loss amount of ammonia volatilization decreased by 13.9% compared with WR, which mainly attributed to the 28.9% and 12.4% reduction in spikelet-developing fertilizer and base fertilizer, respectively. Dry matter accumulation and rice yield under GR was 8.2% and 8.9% higher that under WR respectively, which leading to a 14.8% increase in nitrogen uptake by rice plants and 15.3%-24.7% decrease in the average ammonia volatilization rate of spikelet-developing fertilizer. Ammonia volatilization of base fertilizer was significant positively correlated with ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in paddy water. The soil C/N ratio increased by 4.2%-13.3% under GR, which increased the adsorption capacity of ammoniacal nitrogen and decreased the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen in paddy water, leading to the average ammonia volatilization rate of base fertilizer under GR decreased by 12.0%-16.4%.
Conclusion
The increase of soil carbon and nitrogen content and C/N ratio reduced ammonia volatilization of base fertilizer, and meanwhile promoted plant growth, increased rice yield and nitrogen uptake, which in turn reduced ammonia volatilization of spikelet-developing fertilizer.
Identification of an Eight-Cuproptosis-related lncRNA Signature as a Novel Prognostic Model and Prediction of Immunotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sun Dan , Lin Shanshan , Qin Huayi , Yang Ying , Tong Junru , Zhi Zhifu , Fan Jiangtao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified and constructed as new prognostic markers in several cancers. However, the role and prognostic value of Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in ovarian cancer (OC) remain unknown.
Methods
RNA sequencing and clinical and tumor somatic mutation data from OC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients with OC were randomly assigned to the training and testing groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis and Cox regression models were used to determine the prognostic model in the training cohort and confirmed in the testing cohort. In this study, a nomogram was constructed. Functional enrichment and immune function analyses were performed to investigate differences in biological functions. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores were used to predict response to immunotherapy.
Results
A total of eight Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs prognostic markers (AL732292.2, LINC00996, AC025287.2, AC022893.3, SUCLG2-AS1, AC245041.1, AL391832.3, and AC019080.5) were identified. The Kaplan−Meier survival curve revealed that the overall survival (OS) between the high- and low-risk groups was statistically significant. A mixed nomogram containing clinical characteristics and risk scores was constructed. The receiver operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis showed the accurate predictive ability of the model. Functional enrichment and immune function analyses confirmed that prognostic features were significantly correlated with the immune status of patients with OC. Patients in the high-risk group had a higher TIDE score and lower TMB, indicating a poor response to immunotherapy. The risk model can distinguish between the effects of antitumor therapy in patients with OC.
Conclusions
We identified an eight-Cuprotosis-related lncRNA signature of OC as a prognostic predictor and constructed a nomogram, which may be a reliable biomarker for predicting the benefit of OC immunotherapy.
Effects of Intravenous Anesthetic Drugs on Leukocytes for Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Diagnostic Clinical study
Authors: Rashid Kamal Jalal , Karim Safa Bakr , Babakir-Mina Muhammed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
General anesthesia and intravenous anesthetic drugs influence the leukocytes. The study designed to assess the effects of intravenous anesthetics and anesthesia technique on leukocytes which are the important human immune cells.
Methods
The prospective study was performed on 100 patients undergoing surgery in Sulaimani Teaching and Shar Teaching Hospitals from November 2021 to March 2022. First blood sample were collected from the patients before induction and second sample were collected 6 hours after operation. Complete blood counts were done for all samples to find out the rates of leukocytes pre- and post-operative.
Results
In general, the mean of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils counts were decreased after operation, but the mean of neutrophils counts were increased. General anesthesia was more effective to leukocytes than other types. All hypnotic anesthetic drugs were affecting the level of leukocytes except Pentothal. Patients who given analgesics had obvious effect on leukocytes than other who were not received analgesics. Also, leukocytes changes were shown for muscle relaxant, they decrease the level of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils count, but increase the level of neutrophils. According to the leukocytes count, significant changes were found for most of the intravenous anesthetics (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
All hypnotic, analgesic, and muscle relaxant except Pentothal can decrease leukocytes especially, Lymphocytes. While, by using all the intravenous anesthetic drugs neutrophil counts elevation may occurs.