bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A narrative review: Resuscitation of older adults with hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Al Ma'ani Mohammad , Nelson Adam , Castillo Diaz Francisco , Specner Audrey L. , Khurshid Muhammad Haris , Anand Tanya , Hejazi Omar , Ditillo Michael , Magnotti Louis J. , Joseph Bellal 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing population of older adults presents unique challenges in trauma care due to their reduced physiologic reserve compared to younger patients. Trauma‐induced hemorrhage remains a leading cause of mortality, yet there is a significant gap in the optimal management of hemodynamically unstable older adults. This review aims to synthesize current literature on resuscitation strategies, coagulopathy, triage, and the impact of timely interventions in older adult trauma patients experiencing hemorrhagic shock.Study Design and MethodsA comprehensive narrative review was conducted following PRISMA‐Scr guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, yielding 380 titles. After removing duplicates, 287 unique articles were screened, of which 120 full‐text articles were reviewed. A total of 45 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Studies were categorized based on resuscitation protocols (14 studies), coagulopathy management (7 studies), frailty and aging physiology (10 studies), and timing/triage in trauma care (14 studies).ResultsStudies highlight the effectiveness of the shock index (SI) over traditional vital signs for identifying hemodynamic instability in older adults. Balanced transfusion ratios and whole blood resuscitation show potential benefits, though data specific to older adults remain limited. Goal‐directed resuscitation protocols improve outcomes by addressing the unique physiological needs of this population. While trauma‐induced coagulopathy rates are similar across age groups, older adults frequently present with pre‐existing anticoagulation, complicating management. Standardized care pathways, early activation of massive transfusion protocols (MTP), and tailored resuscitation approaches are critical for optimizing care.DiscussionThe growing geriatric trauma population necessitates improved resuscitation strategies tailored to their unique physiological responses. While balanced transfusions and goal‐directed protocols have demonstrated efficacy, further research is required to refine these interventions specifically for older adults. Establishing standardized resuscitation guidelines and defining futility criteria will enhance decision‐making and improve outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Repetition‐dependent acutecardiopulmonary responses during intensity‐matched squats in males
Authors: Lässing Johannes , Hummelmann Sonja , Kramer Maxi , Laufs Ulrich , Fikenzer Sven , Falz Roberto 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ‘strength–endurance continuum’ is a key concept in strength training (ST). Although cardiopulmonary responses have seldom been reported in conjunction with ST, this repeated‐measurement study examined acute blood pressure and haemodynamic responses continuously depending on the number of repetitions but without changing the intensity. Fifteen healthy male participants (21.6 (2.0) years; mean (SD)) performed an incremental exercise test and a 3‐repetition maximum test (3‐RM) on a Smith machine. They were then randomly assigned to three ST sessions involving 10, 20 and 30 repetitions at 50% of their 3‐RM. Blood pressure (vascular unloading technique) and cardiopulmonary responses (spirometry and impedance cardiography) were continuously monitored. Heart rate (121 (10) vs. 139 (22) vs. 153 (13) bpm, P = 0.001, respectively), cardiac output (10.4 (1.9) vs. 13.6 (3.8) vs. 14.6 (3.1) L/min, P = 0.001, respectively) and diastolic blood pressure (113 (8) vs. 116 (21) vs. 135 (22) mmHg, P = 0.001, respectively) increased in the training sessions with higher repetitions. Stroke volume, systolic blood pressure and end‐diastolic volume indicated no change in peak values between training sessions. Total peripheral resistance (13.6 (2.8) vs. 11.3 (3.6) vs. 11.2 (3.1) mmHg min/L, P = 0.002, respectively) was significantly lower with 20 and 30 repetitions, while oxygen uptake (: 15.5 (1.9) vs. 20.5 (4.1) vs. 20.6 (4.4) mL/min/kg, P = 0.001, respectively) was significantly higher. ST of moderate intensity with an exhausting number (>20) of repetitions induces strong haemodynamic responses, especially high cardiac afterload and a compensatory heart rate acceleration, which may also create a strong stimulus for cardiopulmonary adaptation.
Optic nerve injury impairs intrinsic mechanisms underlying electrical activity in a resilient retinal ganglion cell
Authors: Zapadka Thomas E. , Tran Nicholas M. , Demb Jonathan B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRetinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the sole output neurons of the retina and convey visual information to the brain via their axons in the optic nerve. Following injury to the optic nerve, RGC axons degenerate and many cells die. For example, a model of axon injury, the optic nerve crush (ONC), kills ∼80% of RGCs after 2 weeks. Surviving cells are biased towards ‘resilient’ types, including several with sustained firing to light stimulation. RGC survival may depend on activity, and there is limited understanding of how or why activity changes following optic nerve injury. Here we quantified the electrophysiological properties of a highly resilient RGC type, the sustained ON‐Alpha (AlphaONS) RGC, 7 days after ONC with extracellular and whole‐cell patch clamp recording. Both light‐ and current‐driven firing were reduced after ONC, but synaptic inputs were largely intact. Resting membrane potential and input resistance were relatively unchanged, while voltage‐gated currents were impaired, including a reduction in voltage‐gated sodium channel current and channel density in the axon initial segment. Hyperpolarization or chelation of intracellular calcium partially rescued firing rates. Extracellular recordings at 3 days following ONC showed normal light‐evoked firing from AlphaONS RGCs and other Alpha RGCs, including susceptible types. These data suggest that an injured resilient RGC reduces its activity by 1 week after injury as a consequence of reduced voltage‐gated current and downregulation of intrinsic excitability via a Ca2+‐dependent mechanism. Reduced excitability may be due to degradation of the axon but could also be energetically beneficial, preserving energy for survival and regeneration.
imageKey points
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types show diverse rates of survival after axon injury.
A resilient RGC type (sustained ON‐Alpha RGC) maintains its synaptic inputs 1 week after injury.
The resilient RGC type shows diminished firing and reduced expression of axon initial segment genes 1 week after injury
Activity deficits reflect dysfunction of intrinsic properties (Na+ channels, intracellular Ca2+), not changes to synaptic input.
Both resilient and susceptible Alpha RGC types show intact firing at 3 days after injury, suggesting that activity at this time point does not predict resilience.
Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode-Based Lateral Stability Control for Three-axis Heavy Vehicles
Authors: Sun Xiaoqiang , Quan Zhenqiang , Dong Gaoshang , Cai Yingfeng , Chen Long 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to improve the driving stability of three-axis heavy vehicles (TAHV) under special driving conditions, this paper proposes a novel integrated control scheme combining 6-wheel steering (6WS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC). Firstly, a 9-DOF TAHV dynamics model, which considers the tire nonlinear mechanical properties under combined conditions is established, and an equivalent stiffness coefficient of the middle and rear axles is introduced to calculate the vertical load of each wheel more accurately. In the 6WS control strategy, with the goal of zero sideslip angle, the steering ratio coefficients of the middle and rear axles are adjusted in real time according to the vehicle longitudinal speed based on the Ackerman principle. In the DYC strategy, the tire cornering stiffness of the TAHV reference model is dynamically corrected in real time based on the Newton interpolation method. In addition, the longitudinal critical speed is determined by using Laplace transform to choose the suitable reference model for different steering modes to calculate the target yaw rate value. Then, based on feedforward control and feedback control using nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control algorithm, the optimal additional yaw moment required for TAHV lateral stabilization is calculated. On this basic, the braking torque of every wheel is obtained by optimal control allocation algorithm. Finally, simulation verification is carried out for four typical driving conditions, and the results show that the integrated control scheme has good control effect on lateral stability of TAHV.
Exploring Electrode-level State-of-Charge and State-of-Health Dynamics in Lithium-ion Battery Cells: Modeling and Experimental Identification
Authors: Sattarzadeh Sara , Colclasure Andrew , Smith Kandler , Li Xuemin , Dey Satadru 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A computationally efficient model serves as a critical prerequisite for battery performance analysis and advanced battery management algorithm design. Although battery models that capture cell-level behavior have been widely explored in existing literature, electrode-level battery models have received much lesser attention till date. However, such electrode-level models can significantly increase battery performance and life by enabling electrode-level health conscious control. Such electrode-level control can effectively expand usable energy and power limits of the battery cells by utilizing the knowledge of individual electrodes? charge and health. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive battery model developed with a reference electrode insertion that capture (i) electrode-level charge/discharge dynamics, (ii) stoichiometric and temporal dependencies of electrode-level resistances, (iii) Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer growth as key degradation phenomenon, and (iv) capacity fade and resistance rise in each electrode due to nominal battery aging. The proposed model is identified and a preliminary validation is performed utilizing terminal voltage and negative electrode potential data collected from a pouch cell under one continuous cycling and accelerated aging conditions where the cell experienced 14% capacity loss.
Investigation of the surface pressure and thrust generated by a tilt distributed electric propulsion wing
Authors: Ni James , Lee Timothy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study is a continuation of our work (Ref [1]) in which a large increase in lift and decrease in drag of a semi-wing equipped with four four-bladed propellers at Re = 226,000 were reported. The force-balance measurements however contained both the thrust generated by the distributed electric propulsion (DEP) wing and the propeller slipstream-produced lift and drag forces. In the present experiment, the propeller slipstream-produced lift and drag were calculated through the surface pressures developed on the tilt DEP wing at multiple spanwise locations. By subtracting the propeller slipstream-produced lift and drag from the direct force-balance data, the thrust force generated by the DEP wing at each tilt angle and propeller rotation was obtained. The DEP wing-produced thrust was found to agree well with the surface pressure and force-balance measurements. The behavior of the boundary-layer flow developed on the DEP wing was also analyzed through the surface pressure measurements. It is anticipated the present study will further advance our understanding of the aerodynamics of tiltwing eVTOL during transition maneuvering and its design.
Thermally Mediated Droplet Breakup Dynamics within a Symmetric T-Junction
Authors: Nath Ashim Jyoti , Dhrijit Kumar Deka Dhrijit Kumar , Pati Sukumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present article presents a computational-based investigation exploring the influence of thermo-capillarity and surface wettability on the splitting behavior of a droplet in a three-dimensional T-junction microchannel. The splitting process is triggered by using a heater on two different locations of the microchannel, which induces thermo-capillarity and reduces viscosity around the corresponding location. Three different surface wettability conditions are considered to develop a clear understanding of the wettability-thermocapillary interaction. The temporal evolution of the droplet splitting behavior for different heater temperatures, heater positions, and wettability scenarios is discussed in detail to interpret the breakup mechanism. The splitting and non-splitting droplets of different sizes are observed for the considered temperature range and heater positions, along with the wettability configurations. The findings established the fact that higher thermal contrast in the flow confinement leads to an asymmetric breakup or even non-splitting regimes. Changing the wettability of the wall from hydrophilic to hydrophobic provides a wide range of size ratio of the daughter droplets. Furthermore, a novel breakup technique is presented by taking different wall wettability of the daughter branches, which ensures more control to achieve the desired breakup phenomenon.
Flow Through Scaled Additive Manufacturing Internal Passages with Correlated and Anti-Correlated Roughness on Opposing Walls
Authors: Boldt Ryan , McClain Stephen T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Components created using additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) may exhibit a type of printing error referred to as a ?layer shift error.? In this type of error, the reference location of the printing pattern shifts for each layer of material. If an AM-printed component includes an internal cooling passage, the features or roughness of one wall of the passage may become anti-correlated to the roughness on the opposing wall of the passage. In this study, a rough surface from the internal passage of a L-PBF coupon was used to create two base surfaces representing flow through 1) a passage oriented orthogonally to the printing direction and 2) a passage oriented at 45-degrees to the printing direction. Each base roughness pattern was then shifted in the streamwise direction to produce either the nearest minimum correlation or the nearest maximum correlation and applied to the opposing side of the internal passage. Bulk friction factor measurements and particle-tracking velocimetry measurements of the flow were obtained for each minimum and maximum roughness correlation condition. The particle tracking results indicate that the flow exhibited the expected differences in flow patterns between the correlated surface conditions for the orthogonal surface. The resulting friction factors indicated statistically significant differences in the bulk friction between the opposing surface correlation conditions; however, the overall results suggest that correlation of roughness on opposing walls is not a significant design consideration regarding frictional losses for AM internal cooling passages.
Nonlinear Vibration Attenuation via Stochastic Response Modification
Authors: Breunung Thomas , Balachandran Balakumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Engineering systems naturally vibrate, and the reduction of the associated oscillations is crucial to increase lifespan, energy efficiency, and performance. To that end, many vibration attenuation strategies have been proposed and implemented in, for example, buildings, automotive systems, and aerospace applications. The majority of existing vibration attenuation schemes are based on well-developed linear systems theory. However, these schemes are not applicable to systems that exhibit nonlinear behavior. Furthermore, with linear approaches, one fails to leverage the potential of nonlinearities, which are invariably present in many applications. In this article, a beneficial interplay between nonlinearity and noise is utilized to reduce vibration amplitudes. More specifically, the sensitivity of high amplitude nonlinear responses is leveraged. Through noise addition, the response is steered away from high amplitude vibrations to low amplitude vibrations. Hence, the vibration amplitudes associated with a resonance are effectively reduced. Experiments and simulations confirm the efficiency and universality of the proposed strategy. It is shown that the observed vibration attenuation is robust with respect to parameter changes, responses associated with multiple resonances can be effected with one, single scheme, and one can utilize various noise sources in this scheme. Overall, the maximal amplitude is reduced by about 50 %.
On the improved efficiency of higher-order dynamics for computing resonant frequencies
Authors: Becker Eric T. , Inman Daniel J. , Sanders John W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It was recently discovered that higher-order dynamics are \emph{intrinsically variational}, in the sense that higher-derivative versions of the classical equations of motion can always be derived from a minimum-action principle similar to Hamilton's principle, even when the physical system is non-conservative. This discovery has already led to several applications, including a new and more efficient algorithm for computing a non-proportionally damped system's resonant frequencies, based on the fourth-order system dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the source of this improved efficiency in greater detail. We find that the improved efficiency of the new resonant frequency algorithm is due almost entirely to savings in computing the eigenvalues of the system's stiffness matrix Ω˜. This result is surprising in light of the ostensible complexity of this matrix. Nevertheless, the savings are shown to be statistically significant, with attained significance levels below machine precision. Although a rigorous mathematical explanation remains elusive, empirical results presented here lead us to conjecture that the reason may have to do with the unique block structure of the stiffness matrix, which it inherits from the mathematically Hamiltonian structure of the fourth-order formulation. The present authors believe there may be additional applications of higher-order dynamics waiting to be discovered, and a few potential ideas to explore are given in the conclusion.
Study of TRICO II reactor start-up and shutdown operations using the OpenMC calculation code
Authors: Mweze Elie , Muswema Jeremie , Ekoko Gracien , Kom'bele Dieudonné 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The start-up and shutdown procedures of nuclear reactors are operations that need to be done with great care and efficiency. To ensure proper reactor operation, it is crucial to make and maintain the reactor critical during start-up, and sub-critical during shutdown. In this paper, OpenMC (Open Monte Carlo) was used to model the TRICO II reactor (Triga Mark II in Congo) and simulate reactor start-up and shutdown operations. Positions of the four control rods (Transient rod, Safety rod, Regulating rod and Shim rod) were varied along positive z axes for start-up and negative z axes for shutdown. The reactivity results obtained were compared with those of standard operations for reactor start-up and shutdown. This technique makes it possible to optimize the likelihood of a better start-up or shutdown operation, and to avoid wasting resources through trial-and-error testing.
‘Death Doulas’ are not yet an Issue in German Palliative Care—A National Survey of Palliative Care Providers
Authors: Volberg Christian , Makdsi Aboud , Eersink Jannis , Kushner Juliana , Morin Astrid , Gschnell Martin 
Published: February 2025

Background: The support of ‘Death Doulas’ (DD) in the last phase of life is becoming more and more present in the individual care of the dying. This trend is slowly being brought to Germany from other countries. However, the extent to which this possibility of end‐of‐life care is offered in Germany or requested by patients is still unclear.Aim: With this nationwide survey, we want to show to what extent DD support palliative care in Germany and whether a need for this activity is seen.Design: Germany‐wide cross‐sectional study among palliative care institutions.Setting/Respondents: All German hospices, palliative care units and specialized outpatient palliative care services were contacted by post and asked to participate in this anonymous survey.Results: In total, we received 338 (36.4%) responses. A total of 27% of the respondents state that they are familiar with the term DD but only 18 institutions (5.3%) use the support. Patients’ satisfaction is recognized as overall satisfied. A total of 95% of the institutions who work with DD would recommend other palliative care institutions to work with DD as well. More information about this topic is wished by 61%.Conclusion: DD is not yet an issue in German palliative care. There seems to be little need as the support of the dying is carried out by other professional groups and volunteers. Since DD have another approach in their work, it would be interesting to see if a broader knowledge about their work and offer could improve quality in the dying process.
What do Universities Showcase Digitally? Epistemological-methodological Issues and the Role of Higher Educational Institutions in the 21st Century
Authors: Bäcklund Johan , Bagga-Gupta Sangeeta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study presented in this paper aims to map and illuminate theoretical, methodological, and thematic areas that mark the existing scholarship related to the digital presence of higher education, mainly through universities own websites. 118 articles were identified for further in-depth analysis based on an overarching first-level analysis of over 700 articles through systematic searches in early 2023. Data-sessions across three primary analysis phases enabled understanding the benefits and conundrums of using ai (Rayyan) in (n)ethnographic analysis work where the data constitutes of existing scholarship. Our analytical-methodological points of departure for carrying out this study build on a Second Wave of Southern Perspectives (SWaSP) framing that brings together (i) sociocultural, dialogical perspectives on learning and communication and (ii) decolonial, alternative framings on communication and identity. Results of the digital communication by educational institutions through their websites highlights a paucity of engagement with or a lack of explication regarding theoretical framings in the existing scholarship and an alignment with a “market turn”. Other findings highlight that the existing scholarship needs to connect more clearly with global-centric perspectives, not least to attend to contemporary challenges.
Is There an ‘Equalizing Tendency’ in Temporal Bisection in Humans?
Authors: Wearden John H. , Bajic Kelly , Brooks Joanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Three experiments tested the conjecture that people carrying out a temporal bisection experiment have an ‘equalizing tendency’, that is, the idea that they are motivated to try to equalize the number of SHORT and LONG responses they produce. All three experiments varied instructions between two conditions. In one case, people were instructed to try to equalize, in the other it was emphasized that any proportion of SHORT and LONG responses was acceptable. Experiment 1 used short and long standards of 200 and 800 ms with comparisons spaced linearly, logarithmically, or reverse logarithmically between them, in three different groups. No effect of instructions was found in any group. Experiment 2 once again used 200 and 800 ms as the standards but had a range of comparisons closely spaced around the midpoint (500 ms), so most were ambiguous with respect to the standards. Again, no effect of instructions was found. Experiment 3 used smaller long/short ratios (300/200 ms or 800/533 ms). Once again, no effect of instructions was found. The three experiments together also replicated some previously obtained effects such as those of stimulus spacing and long/short ratio.