bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common Finger Injuries: Treatment Guidelines for Emergency and Primary Care Providers
Authors: Hunt Tyler J , Powlan Franklin J , Renfro Kayleigh N , Polmear Michael , Macias Reuben A , Dunn John C , Wells Matthew E 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Finger and hand injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions presenting to emergency departments and primary care providers. Many rural and community hospitals may not have immediate access to an orthopedic surgeon on-site. Furthermore, military treatment facilities, both within the continental United States and in austere deployment environments, face similar challenges. Therefore, knowing how to treat basic finger and hand injuries is paramount for patient care.

Materials and Methods
The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch operates the Defense Medical Surveillance System, a database that serves as the central repository of medical surveillance data for the armed forces. The Defense Medical Surveillance System was queried for ICD-10 codes associated with finger injuries from 2015 to 2019 among active duty service members across the major branches of the military.

Results
The most commonly reported finger injuries were open wounds to fingers without damage to nails, metacarpal fractures, phalanx fractures, and finger subluxation/dislocation. Emergency departments were the most commonly reported treatment facility type accounting for 35% of initial finger injuries, followed by 32.2% at orthopedic surgery clinics, 22.2% at family medicine clinics, and 10.8% at urgent care centers.

Conclusions
Finger injuries are common in the military setting and presenting directly to an orthopedic surgeon does not appear the norm. Fingertip injuries, fractures within the hand, and finger dislocations can often be managed without the need for a subspecialist. By following simple guidelines with attention to “red flags,” primary care providers can manage most of these injuries with short-term follow-up with orthopedics.
EAGLE-like simulation models do not solve the entropy core problem in groups and clusters of galaxies
Authors: Altamura Edoardo , Kay Scott T , Bower Richard G , Schaller Matthieu , Bahé Yannick M , Schaye Joop , Borrow Josh , Towler Imogen 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTRecent high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations run with a variety of codes systematically predict large amounts of entropy in the intra-cluster medium at low redshift, leading to flat entropy profiles and a suppressed cool-core population. This prediction is at odds with X-ray observations of groups and clusters. We use a new implementation of the EAGLE galaxy formation model to investigate the sensitivity of the central entropy and the shape of the profiles to changes in the sub-grid model applied to a suite of zoom-in cosmological simulations of a group of mass M500 = 8.8 × 1012 M⊙ and a cluster of mass 2.9 × 1014 M⊙. Using our reference model, calibrated to match the stellar mass function of field galaxies, we confirm that our simulated groups and clusters contain hot gas with too high entropy in their cores. Additional simulations run without artificial conduction, metal cooling or active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback produce lower entropy levels but still fail to reproduce observed profiles. Conversely, the two objects run without supernova feedback show a significant entropy increase which can be attributed to excessive cooling and star formation. Varying the AGN heating temperature does not greatly affect the profile shape, but only the overall normalization. Finally, we compared runs with four AGN heating schemes and obtained similar profiles, with the exception of bipolar AGN heating, which produces a higher and more uniform entropy distribution. Our study leaves open the question of whether the entropy core problem in simulations, and particularly the lack of power-law cool-core profiles, arise from incorrect physical assumptions, missing physical processes, or insufficient numerical resolution.
A catalogue of unusually long thermonuclear bursts on neutron stars
Authors: Alizai K , Chenevez J , Cumming A , Degenaar N , Falanga M , Galloway D K , in ’t Zand J J M , Jaisawal G K , Keek L , Kuulkers E , Lampe N , Schatz H , Serino M 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Rare, energetic (long) thermonuclear (Type I) X-ray bursts are classified either as intermediate-duration or ‘supern’ bursts, based on their duration. Intermediate-duration bursts lasting a few to tens of minutes are thought to arise from the thermonuclear runaway of a relatively thick (≈1010 g cm−2) helium layer, while superbursts lasting hours are attributed to the detonation of an underlying carbon layer. We present a catalogue of 84 long thermonuclear bursts from 40 low-mass X-ray binaries, and defined from a new set of criteria distinguishing them from the more frequent short bursts. The three criteria are: (1) a total energy release longer than 1040 erg, (2) a photospheric radius expansion phase longer than 10 s, and (3) a burst time-scale longer than 70 s. This work is based on a comprehensive systematic analysis of 70 bursts found with INTEGRAL, RXTE, Swift, BeppoSAX, MAXI, and NICER, as well as 14 long bursts from the literature that were detected with earlier generations of X-ray instruments. For each burst, we measure its peak flux and fluence, which eventually allows us to confirm the distinction between intermediate-duration bursts and superbursts. Additionally, we list 18 bursts that only partially meet the above inclusion criteria, possibly bridging the gap between normal and intermediate-duration bursts. With this catalogue, we significantly increase the number of long-duration bursts included in the MINBAR and thereby provide a substantial sample of these rare X-ray bursts for further study.
A feasibility, safety, and efficacy evaluation of supervised aerobic and resistance exercise for patients with glioblastoma undertaking adjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Nowak Anna K , Newton Robert U , Cruickshank Travis , Cormie Prue , Halkett Georgia K B , Tsoi Daphne , Galvão Daniel A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
While therapeutically effective, chemoradiotherapy treatment for high-grade glioma (glioblastoma) is often accompanied by side effects. Exercise has been demonstrated to alleviate the adverse effects of such treatments in other cancers. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of supervised exercise incorporating autoregulation.

Methods
Thirty glioblastoma patients were recruited, five declined exercise and 25 were provided with a multimodal exercise intervention for the duration of their chemoradiotherapy treatment. Patient recruitment, retention, adherence to training sessions and safety were evaluated throughout the study. Physical function, body composition, fatigue, sleep quality, and quality of life were evaluated before and after the exercise intervention.

Results
Eight of the 25 participants commencing exercise withdrew prior to completion of the study (32%). Seventeen patients (68%) demonstrated low to high adherence (33%–100%) and exercise dosage compliance (24%–83%). There were no reported adverse events. Significant improvements were observed for all trained exercises and lower limb muscle strength and function with no significant changes observed for any other physical function, body composition, fatigue, sleep, or quality of life outcomes.

Conclusions
Only half of glioblastoma patients recruited were willing or able to commence, complete or meet minimum dose compliance for the exercise intervention during chemoradiotherapy indicating the intervention evaluated may not be feasible for part of this patient cohort. For those who were able to complete the exercise program, supervised, autoregulated, multimodal exercise was safe and significantly improved strength and function and may have prevented deterioration in body composition and quality of life.
Bacterial Form II Rubisco can support wild-type growth and productivity in Solanum tuberosum cv. Desiree (potato) under elevated CO2
Authors: Manning Tahnee , Birch Rosemary , Stevenson Trevor , Nugent Gregory , Whitney Spencer 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The last decade has seen significant advances in the development of approaches for improving both the light harvesting and carbon fixation pathways of photosynthesis by nuclear transformation, many involving multigene synthetic biology approaches. As efforts to replicate these accomplishments from tobacco into crops gather momentum, similar diversification is needed in the range of transgenic options available, including capabilities to modify crop photosynthesis by chloroplast transformation. To address this need, here we describe the first transplastomic modification of photosynthesis in a crop by replacing the native Rubisco in potato with the faster, but lower CO2-affinity and poorer CO2/O2 specificity Rubisco from the bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. High level production of R. rubrum Rubisco in the potRr genotype (8 to 10 µmol catalytic sites m2) allowed it to attain wild-type levels of productivity, including tuber yield, in air containing 0.5% (v/v) CO2. Under controlled environment growth at 25°C and 350 µmol photons m2 PAR, the productivity and leaf biochemistry of wild-type potato at 0.06%, 0.5%, or 1.5% (v/v) CO2 and potRr at 0.5% or 1.5% (v/v) CO2 were largely indistinguishable. These findings suggest that increasing the scope for enhancing productivity gains in potato by improving photosynthate production will necessitate improvement to its sink-potential, consistent with current evidence productivity gains by eCO2 fertilization for this crop hit a ceiling around 560 to 600 ppm CO2.
Deep learning-based urban morphology for city-scale environmental modeling
Authors: Patel Pratiman , Kalyanam Rajesh , He Liu , Aliaga Daniel , Niyogi Dev 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Herein, we introduce a novel methodology to generate urban morphometric parameters that takes advantage of deep neural networks and inverse modeling. We take the example of Chicago, USA, where the Urban Canopy Parameters (UCPs) available from the National Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (NUDAPT) are used as input to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Next, the WRF simulations are carried out with Local Climate Zones (LCZs) as part of the World Urban Data Analysis and Portal Tools (WUDAPT) approach. Lastly, a third novel simulation, Digital Synthetic City (DSC), was undertaken where urban morphometry was generated using deep neural networks and inverse modeling, following which UCPs are re-calculated for the LCZs. The three experiments (NUDAPT, WUDAPT, and DSC) were compared against Mesowest observation stations. The results suggest that the introduction of LCZs improves the overall model simulation of urban air temperature. The DSC simulations yielded equal to or better results than the WUDAPT simulation. Furthermore, the change in the UCPs led to a notable difference in the simulated temperature gradients and wind speed within the urban region and the local convergence/divergence zones. These results provide the first successful implementation of the digital urban visualization dataset within an NWP system. This development now can lead the way for a more scalable and widespread ability to perform more accurate urban meteorological modeling and forecasting, especially in developing cities. Additionally, city planners will be able to generate synthetic cities and study their actual impact on the environment.
The Chinese Communist Party and regulatory transparency in China's food industry
Authors: Gao Qihua , Huang Yasheng , Sui Yuze , Zheng Yanchong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
While it is widely accepted that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) occupies a dominant position in the Chinese political system, few studies have demonstrated CCP's dominant position based on rigorous statistical analysis. Our paper presents the first such analysis using an innovative measure of regulatory transparency in the food industry across nearly 300 prefectures in China over 10 years. We show that actions by the CCP, while broadly scoped and not targeting the food industry, significantly improved regulatory transparency in the industry. In sharp contrast, food-industry-specific interventions by the State Council, which exercises direct regulatory supervision of the industry, had no impact on regulatory transparency. These results hold in various specifications and robustness checks. Our research contributes to research in China's political system by empirically and explicitly demonstrating the dominating power of the CCP.
The circadian control of tryptophan metabolism regulates the host response to pulmonary fungal infections
Authors: Stincardini Claudia , Pariano Marilena , D’Onofrio Fiorella , Renga Giorgia , Orecchini Elena , Orabona Ciriana , Nunzi Emilia , Gargaro Marco , Fallarino Francesca , Chun Sung Kook , Fortin Bridget M , Masri Selma , Brancorsini Stefano , Romani Luigina , Costantini Claudio , Bellet Marina Maria 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The environmental light/dark cycle has left its mark on the body's physiological functions to condition not only our inner biology, but also the interaction with external cues. In this scenario, the circadian regulation of the immune response has emerged as a critical factor in defining the host–pathogen interaction and the identification of the underlying circuitry represents a prerequisite for the development of circadian-based therapeutic strategies. The possibility to track down the circadian regulation of the immune response to a metabolic pathway would represent a unique opportunity in this direction. Herein, we show that the metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan, involved in the regulation of fundamental processes in mammals, is regulated in a circadian manner in both murine and human cells and in mouse tissues. By resorting to a murine model of pulmonary infection with the opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, we showed that the circadian oscillation in the lung of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)1, generating the immunoregulatory kynurenine, resulted in diurnal changes in the immune response and the outcome of fungal infection. In addition, the circadian regulation of IDO1 drives such diurnal changes in a pre-clinical model of cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive lung function decline and recurrent infections, thus acquiring considerable clinical relevance. Our results demonstrate that the circadian rhythm at the intersection between metabolism and immune response underlies the diurnal changes in host–fungal interaction, thus paving the way for a circadian-based antimicrobial therapy.
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection—Preparedness: Protocol for a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Viral Respiratory Infections
Authors: Postelnicu Radu , Srivastava Avantika , Bhatraju Pavan K. , Wurfelc Mark M. , Anesi George L. , Gonzalez Martin , Andrews Adair , Lutrick Karen , Kumar Vishakha K. , Uyeki Timothy M. , Cobb Perren J. , Segal Leopoldo N. , Brett-Major David , Liebler Janice M. , Kratochvil Christopher J. , Mukherjee Vikramjit , Broadhurst M. Jana , Lee Richard , Wyles David , Sevransky Jonathan E. , Evans Laura , Landsittel Douglas ,   the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Investigators
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Respiratory virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality ranging from mild uncomplicated acute respiratory illness to severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death during epidemics and pandemics. We present a protocol to systematically study patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, due to respiratory viral pathogens to evaluate the natural history, prognostic biomarkers, and characteristics, including hospital stress, associated with clinical outcomes and severity.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Multicenter cohort of patients admitted to an acute care ward or ICU from at least 15 hospitals representing diverse geographic regions across the United States.

PATIENTS:
Patients with SARI caused by infection with respiratory viruses that can cause outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Measurements include patient demographics, signs, symptoms, and medications; microbiology, imaging, and associated tests; mechanical ventilation, hospital procedures, and other interventions; and clinical outcomes and hospital stress, with specimens collected on days 0, 3, and 7–14 after enrollment and at discharge. The primary outcome measure is the number of consecutive days alive and free of mechanical ventilation (VFD) in the first 30 days after hospital admission. Important secondary outcomes include organ failure-free days before acute kidney injury, shock, hepatic failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, 28-day mortality, adaptive immunity, as well as immunologic and microbiologic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
SARI—Preparedness is a multicenter study under the collaboration of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery, Resilience Intelligence Network, and National Emerging Special Pathogen Training and Education Center, which seeks to improve understanding of prognostic factors associated with worse outcomes and increased resource utilization. This can lead to interventions to mitigate the clinical impact of respiratory virus infections associated with SARI.
Chronic myeloid leukemia following low dose radioactive iodine (I131) for treatment of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Hailan Yousef Mohammed Ali , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms result from exposure to specific agents such as ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, and immunosuppressive agents. Radioactive iodine plays an essential role in managing differentiated thyroid cancers such as papillary thyroid carcinoma to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Patient concerns:
We present the case of a 48-year-old Bangladeshi male with a history of papillary thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and radiofrequency ablation therapy with I131 (32.6 mCi) who presented with abdominal pain and was found to have chronic myeloid leukemia 3 years after treatment for papillary thyroid cancer.

Diagnosis:
Chronic myeloid leukemia secondary to low-dose radioactive iodine (I131).

Interventions:
The patient was started on dasatinib (140 mg/day).

Outcomes:
The patient is currently being prepared for bone marrow transplantation by donor search and HLA typing.

Conclusion:
This case emphasizes the importance of considering the leukemogenic effects of I131.
Characterizing unique supportive care needs among women living with metastatic breast cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Moreno Patricia I. , Noriega Esquives Blanca , Thomas Jessica L. , Horner Fiona S. , Torzewski Joanna B. , Gradishar William , Victorson David , Penedo Frank J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Women with metastatic breast cancer face unique challenges as they cope with life-limiting prognoses and arduous treatments. However, the vast majority of research has focused on optimizing quality of life in women with early-stage, nonmetastatic breast cancer and little is known about supportive care needs among women living with metastatic cancer. As part of a larger project that sought to inform the development of a psychosocial intervention, the aim of this study was to characterize supportive care needs among women with metastatic breast cancer and elucidate challenges unique to living with a life-limiting prognosis.

Methods:
Four, 2-hour focus groups with 22 women were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed in Dedoose using a general inductive approach to code categories and extract themes.

Results:
A total of 16 codes emerged from 201 participant comments regarding supportive care needs. Codes were collapsed into four supportive care need domains: (1) psychosocial, (2) physical and functional, (3) health system and information, and (4) sexuality and fertility needs. The most prevalent needs were breast cancer–related symptom burden (17.4%), lack of social support (14.9%), uncertainty (10.0%), stress management (9.0%), patient-centered care (7.5%), and sexual functioning (7.5%). More than half of needs (56.2%) were in the psychosocial domain, and more than two-thirds of needs (76.8%) were in the psychosocial and physical and functional domains. Supportive care needs unique to living with metastatic breast cancer included the cumulative effects of continuously undergoing cancer treatment on symptom burden, worry from scan-to-scan regarding response to cancer treatments, diagnosis-related stigma and social isolation, end-of-life concerns, and misconceptions regarding metastatic breast cancer.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that women with metastatic breast cancer have unique supportive care needs compared with women with early-stage breast cancer that are specific to living with a life-limiting prognosis and are not typically captured in existing self-report measures of supportive care needs. The results also highlight the importance of addressing psychosocial concerns and breast cancer–related symptoms. Women with metastatic breast cancer may benefit from early access to evidence-based interventions and resources that specifically address their supportive care needs and optimize quality of life and well-being.
Improving Prescribing for Otitis Media in a Pediatric Emergency Unit: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Dube Amanda R. , Zhao Amy R. , Odozor Chioma U. , Jordan Katherine , Garuba Favour O. , Kennedy Angela , Niesen Angela , Kyrouac Rebecca C. , Stortz Danielle , Lodhi Hafsa , Newland Jason G. , Adeyanju Oloruntosin 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a commonly overtreated pediatric diagnosis. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends shorter antibiotic courses and wait-and-see prescriptions (WSPs) for healthy children with mild-to-moderate AOM. Still, clinicians do not consistently prescribe these in pediatric emergency units (EUs).

Methods:
We performed a quality improvement project to improve antibiotic prescribing in a tertiary pediatric EU over 16 months, focusing on shorter prescription durations and WSPs. We assessed AOM management via chart review, then implemented interventions, including clinician education, a guideline card, visual reminders, and updated emails. In addition, we contacted a percentage of families after their visit to assess their child’s outcome and parental satisfaction.

Results:
Our baseline data showed that only 39% of patients prescribed antibiotics were prescribed an appropriate duration based on age and estimated AOM severity, and only 3% were prescribed WSPs. Via 2 plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, we increased the percentage of patients who received appropriate antibiotics to an average of 67%, sustained for >6 months. Follow-up phone calls suggested no difference in satisfaction or need for nonroutine follow-up care based on prescription length. We did not see a substantial increase in WSPs.

Conclusions:
AOM management in our children’s hospital’s EU was often inconsistent with AAP guidelines. Two PDSA cycles improved the rate of appropriate duration antibiotics, and follow-up phone calls suggested no difference in satisfaction or need for nonroutine follow-up care based on prescription length. The next steps involve developing an order set and implementing individualized feedback.