bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐cardiac arrest intensive care in Sweden: A survey of current clinical practice
Authors: Järpestam Sara , Martinell Louise , Rylander Christian , Lilja Linus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEuropean guidelines recommend targeted temperature management (TTM) in post‐cardiac arrest care. A large multicentre clinical trial, however, showed no difference in mortality and neurological outcome when comparing hypothermia to normothermia with early treatment of fever. The study results were valid given a strict protocol for the assessment of prognosis using defined neurological examinations. With the current range of recommended TTM temperatures, and applicable neurological examinations, procedures may differ between hospitals and the variation of clinical practice in Sweden is not known.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate current practice in post‐resuscitation care after cardiac arrest as to temperature targets and assessment of neurological prognosis in Swedish intensive care units (ICUs).MethodsA structured survey was conducted by telephone or e‐mail in all Levels 2 and 3 (= 53) Swedish ICUs during the spring of 2022 with a secondary survey in April 2023.ResultsFive units were not providing post‐cardiac arrest care and were excluded. The response rate was 43/48 (90%) of the eligible units. Among the responding ICUs, normothermia (36–37.7°C) was applied in all centres (2023). There was a detailed routine for the assessment of neurological prognosis in 38/43 (88%) ICUs. Neurological assessment was applied 72–96 h after return of spontaneous circulation in 32/38 (84%) units. Electroencephalogram and computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were the most common technical methods available.ConclusionSwedish ICUs use normothermia including early treatment of fever in post‐resuscitation care after cardiac arrest and almost all apply a detailed routine for the assessment of neurological prognosis. However, available methods for prognostic evaluation varies between hospitals.
Emergency medicine physician workforce attrition differences by age and gender
Authors: Gettel Cameron J. , Courtney D. Mark , Agrawal Pooja , Madsen Tracy E. , Rothenberg Craig , Mills Angela M. , Lall Michelle D. , Keim Samuel M. , Kraus Chadd K. , Ranney Megan L. , Venkatesh Arjun K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmergency care workforce concerns have gained national prominence given recent data suggesting higher than previously estimated attrition. With little known regarding characteristics of physicians leaving the workforce, we sought to investigate the age and number of years since residency graduation at which male and female emergency physicians (EPs) exhibited workforce attrition.MethodsWe performed a repeated cross‐sectional analysis of EPs reimbursed by Medicare linked to date of birth and residency graduation date data from the American Board of Emergency Medicine for the years 2013–2020. Stratified by gender, our primary outcomes were the median age and number of years since residency graduation at the time of attrition, defined as the last year during the study time frame that an EP provided clinical services. We constructed a multivariate logistic regression model to examine the association between gender and EP workforce attrition.ResultsA total of 25,839 (70.2%) male and 10,954 (29.8%) female EPs were included. During the study years, 5905 male EPs exhibited attrition at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 56.4 (44.5–65.4) years, and 2463 female EPs exhibited attrition at a median (IQR) age of 44.0 (38.0–53.9) years. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio 2.30, 95% confidence interval 1.82–2.91) was significantly associated with attrition from the workforce. Male and female EPs had respective median (IQR) post–residency graduation times in the workforce of 17.5 (9.5–25.5) years and 10.5 (5.5–18.5) years among those who exhibited attrition and one in 13 males and one in 10 females exited clinical practice within 5 years of residency graduation.ConclusionsFemale physicians exhibited attrition from the EM workforce at an age approximately 12 years younger than male physicians. These data identify widespread disparities regarding EM workforce attrition that are critical to address to ensure stability, longevity, and diversity in the EP workforce.
Silencing the call of the wild – howling behaviour and responses of the wolf to Anthropocene in India
Authors: Sadhukhan S. , Khan S. , Habib B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWolves use howls to maintain large territories, intra‐pack communication and social bonding. Besides their physical presence, howls are also instrumental in creating fear and impacting foraging behaviour among the lower cascade. Anthropocene‐led behavioural alteration in vocalization has been observed in a wide range of species, but the effect on wolf howl is unknown. In this context, we have studied the howling behaviour of the Indian wolf through playback surveys (n = 264) across the anthropogenic gradient. We found a disparity in their howl response – based on the distance to villages. In the low disturbed East‐Maharashtra (EM), wolves mostly avoided responding to howling surveys (HS) if done within 1200 m of villages [response rate (RR) = 0.03 ± 0.021], but they did respond once it was done far from villages (>1200 m) (RR = 0.226 ± 0.075). In high human‐density West‐Maharashtra (WM), wolves showed high RR within 1200 m from the villages (RR = 0.148 ± 0.031). But the RR within 500 m from villages was less as howling near villages might lead to easy detection. The collared wolf data showed significantly high RR (0.635 ± 0.067) in their home‐range core, but low RR if the core area was close to a village. Therefore, howling too close to a village is disadvantageous, although their tolerance for responding to HS has increased in the human‐dominated landscape. The extent of the village may increase further with development, which will leave fewer areas for the wolf to defend territory with a long‐range howl. The wolves might behaviourally adapt to a human‐modified landscape by reducing their howling intensity. Adaptation to a fragmented habitat may save the wolves from extinction, but the repercussions of the fundamental behavioural alteration might adversely impact wolf behaviour and the ecological cascade. Whereas ecologists are mainly concerned with the extinction of species, this study highlights the vulnerability of fundamental behaviour of a keystone species attributed to human‐induced contemporary evolution.
A structural variant at ASIP associated with the darkness of hair coat is found in multiple zebu cattle populations
Authors: Trigo Beatriz Batista , Alves Natália Fonseca , Milanesi Marco , Garcia José Fernando , Terefe Endashaw , Hanotte Olivier , Tijjani Abdulfatai , Utsunomiya Yuri Tani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA structural variant (SV) in the agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP), namely ASIP‐SV1, has been found to strongly correlate with the darkness of hair coat in specific regions of the body of bulls from the zebu (Bos indicus) Nellore breed. Here we visually analyzed the whole‐genome sequence of zebu and taurine (Bos taurus) cattle to elucidate the extent of spread of ASIP‐SV1 in different cattle populations. Of 216 sequences analyzed, 63 zebu (45.9%) and five taurine (6.3%) animals had at least one copy of ASIP‐SV1. Four of the taurine animals presenting the SV were Romagnola cattle, a breed with history of zebu introgression. The remaining taurine animal was a Simmental, a breed frequently used in crossbreeding. These data provide evidence that ASIP‐SV1 is commonly found in zebu populations, in addition to taurine animals with zebu admixture.
The Expressive Forms of Amazonian Indigenous Peoples and Ayahuasca: the Huni Kuin and other Pano groups
Authors: Goulart Sandra Lucia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractI approach a set of processes that involve transformations, transpositions, and intermediations between different expressive forms of Amazonian Indigenous Peoples associated with the use of ayahuasca. I focus on groups of the Pano linguistic stock, particularly the Huni Kuin (Kaxinawa) and the example of the MAHKU (Movimento dos Artistas Huni Kuin), a new artistic collective created by some of these Indigenous People. I point to the complex meanings of the various expressive forms of these peoples, from traditional (oral narratives, graphics, visionary images linked to shamanic practices) to more recently adopted (figurative drawing and graphic recording in book format). I emphasize the importance of ayahuasca for the elaboration of these different expressive forms. By highlighting the meanings that imply the use of ayahuasca in certain Indigenous contexts, I also intend to contribute to the expansion of understanding of and broader debate about psychedelic experiences.
An unusual occurrence of autoimmune pancreatitis after gam‐Covid‐Vac (Sputnik V): A case report and literature review
Authors: Chahed Ferdaous , Ben Fadhel Najah , Maamri Kais , Abdelali Mabrouk , Ben Romdhane Haifa , Chadli Zohra , Ben Fredj Nadia , Zrig Ahmed , Aouam Karim , Chaabane Amel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe safety profile of the Sputnik V vaccine is generally reassuring. Nevertheless, an enhanced risk of new‐onset of immune‐mediated diseases has been increasingly reported following the adenoviral‐based Covid‐19 vaccine, including inflammatory arthritis, Guillain‐Barré syndrome, optical neuromyelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, subacute thyroiditis and acute liver injury as well as glomerulopathy. However, no case of autoimmune pancreatitis has been reported yet. Herein, we describe a case of type I autoimmune pancreatitis that may be due to the Sputnik V Covid‐19 vaccine.
Green side of informal institutions: Social trust and environmental sustainability
Authors: Sun Daxin , Zhang Yaxin , Meng Xiaohua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInformal institutions are found to shape the behaviors of economic organizations within the business world by creating localized social norms and moral commitments. However, the existing literature pays greater attention to the financial consequences of such institutions, and little is known about their environmental impacts, especially in the context of transition economies. By linking institutional theory with environmental strategy literature, in this study, we develop a theoretical framework and empirically test how social trust, one of the dimensions of informal institutions, influences corporate environmental responsibility. Using a longitudinal data set of Chinese listed firms from 2006 to 2015, we find support that firms located in regions with a higher level of social trust engage in more environmental responsibility activities. We also show that this effect is more pronounced when local environmental protests are fewer and information transparency is worse. Our findings highlight the importance of social trust in environmental governance and provide evidence of how it serves as a substitute for formal environmental institutions in transition economies.
A Double-Robust Test for High-Dimensional Gene Coexpression Networks Conditioning on Clinical Information
Authors: Ding Maomao , Li Ruosha , Qin Jin , Ning Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt has been increasingly appealing to evaluate whether expression levels of two genes in a gene coexpression network are still dependent given samples' clinical information, in which the conditional independence test plays an essential role. For enhanced robustness regarding model assumptions, we propose a class of double-robust tests for evaluating the dependence of bivariate outcomes after controlling for known clinical information. Although the proposed test relies on the marginal density functions of bivariate outcomes given clinical information, the test remains valid as long as one of the density functions is correctly specified. Because of the closed-form variance formula, the proposed test procedure enjoys computational efficiency without requiring a resampling procedure or tuning parameters. We acknowledge the need to infer the conditional independence network with high-dimensional gene expressions, and further develop a procedure for multiple testing by controlling the false discovery rate. Numerical results show that our method accurately controls both the type-I error and false discovery rate, and it provides certain levels of robustness regarding model misspecification. We apply the method to a gastric cancer study with gene expression data to understand the associations between genes belonging to the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway given cancer-stage information.
Enhancing intraoral scanner accuracy using scan aid for multiple implants in the edentulous arch: An in vivo study
Authors: Kernen Florian , Brändle Dominik , Wagendorf Oliver , Recca Mario , Mehrhof Jürgen , Vach Kirstin , Nahles Susanne , Nelson Katja , Flügge Tabea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesIntraoral scans of multiple implants in the edentulous arch are challenged by the absence of a distinct surface morphology between scan bodies. A scan aid was applied in such situation and evaluated for intraoral scanning accuracy in vivo.Materials and Methods87 implants in 22 patients were scanned with scan aid (SA) and without scan aid (NO) using two different intraoral scanners (CS3600 [CS] and TRIOS3 [TR]). Master casts were digitized by a laboratory scanner. Virtual models were superimposed using an inspection software and Linear deviation and precision were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed models (α = .05).ResultsTotal mean linear deviation within the CS group was 189 μm without scan aid and 135 μm when using the scan aid. The TR group's total mean deviation was 165 μm with and without a scan aid. Significant improvement with scan aid was observed for the CS group (p = .001), and no difference was found in the TR group. 96% of scan bodies were successfully scanned in the TR‐SA group compared to 86% for the TR‐NO group, 83% for the CS‐SA, and 70% for the CS‐NO group, respectively.ConclusionsThe evaluated scan aid improved linear deviation compared to unsplinted scans for the CS group but not for the TR group. These differences could originate from different scanning technologies used, active triangulation (CS) and confocal microscopy (TR). The scan aid improved the ability to recognize scan bodies successfully with both systems, which could have a favorable clinical impact overall.
The Underside of Microfinance: Performance Indicators and Informal Debt in Cambodia
Authors: Green W. Nathan , Chhom Theavy , Mony Reach , Estes Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTMicrofinance is a dominant strategy used to promote rural development around the world. Rather than directly track its impact on borrowers, however, microfinance institutions rely on indicators of financial performance adopted from commercial banking as proxies for positive social impact. Yet, as critical research has shown, the industry depends on coercive peer pressure, social shaming and various forms of gendered exploitation to achieve its high rates of loan repayment. This article maintains that there is a need to investigate how the microfinance industry's own indicators of impact contribute to the ways microfinance can harm borrowers. Based on qualitative research in Cambodia during 2021 and 2022, the article demonstrates how financial performance indicators, most notably portfolio quality, both hide and exacerbate the ways that borrowers juggle debt between formal and informal lenders. In making this argument, the article advances critical scholarship on microfinance by showing how microfinance repayment structures debt‐juggling practices in ways that put borrowers at greater risk of over‐indebtedness. As a result, the microfinance industry is able to claim that it successfully helps to alleviate poverty, even as it accumulates profits by appropriating wealth from poor and low‐income households across the global South.
Comparative efficacy and safety of Gla‐300 versus IDegAsp in insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on oral anti‐diabetics
Authors: Ritzel Robert , Ghosh Sujoy , Emral Rifat , Malek Rachid , Zeng Longyi , Mabunay Maria Aileen , Landgraf Wolfgang , Guyot Patricia , Serafini Paul , Pushkarna Divya , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine‐300 once daily (Gla‐300) with insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp) once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on oral anti‐diabetic drugs (OADs).Materials and methodsA systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials was followed by an indirect treatment comparison of studies involving insulin naïve adults, inadequately controlled [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥7.0%] on OADs, who received Gla‐300 or IDegAsp once daily. Outcomes of interest were change in HbA1c, blood glucose, weight and insulin dose, as well as incidence and event rate of hypoglycaemia and other adverse events.ResultsFour trials with broadly similar baseline patient characteristics were included in the meta‐analyses and indirect treatment comparison. At 24‐28 weeks, the indirect comparison of Gla‐300 to IDegAsp once daily estimated no statistically significant difference for change in HbA1c (%) from baseline [mean difference of 0.10% (95% CI: −0.20, 0.39; p = .52)]; a statistically significant mean difference of −1.31 kg (95% CI: −1.97, −0.65; p < .05) for change in body weight from baseline; statistically significant odds ratios of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.93; p < .05) for incidence of any hypoglycaemia; and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.87; p < .05) for incidence of anytime confirmed hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose <3.0‐3.1 mmol/L). No significant differences were observed for insulin dose and adverse events.ConclusionIn insulin‐naïve patients with T2D inadequately controlled on OADs, commencing Gla‐300 shows a comparable HbA1c reduction, but with significantly less weight gain and a lower incidence of any and confirmed hypoglycaemia compared with commencing IDegAsp.
Liver fibrosis markers and all cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: A population based study (The Ayrshire Diabetes Outcomes Cohort (ADOC) Study)
Authors: Collier Andrew , Curran Christopher , Cameron Lyall , Wild Sarah H. , Byrne Christopher D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe the distribution of the biomarker scores Fibrosis‐4 (FIB4), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS), and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and the associations between risk categories and all‐cause mortality.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 12 589 patients, with follow‐up from January 2012 until November 2021. The cut‐off points used to identify low risk were: FIB4 <1.3 if aged <65 years or <2.0 if aged ≥65 years; NFS < −1.455 if aged <65 years or <0.12 if aged ≥ 65 years; APRI <1 (independent of age). High‐risk cut‐off points were FIB4 >2.67, NFS >0.676 and APRI ≥1 (all independent of age). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association between liver fibrosis scores and all‐cause mortality.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation age was 65.2 ± 12.1 years, 54.5% were men and the median (interquartile range) diabetes duration was 5.8 (2.8–9.3) years. The prevalence of high‐risk categories was 6.1% for FIB4, 23.5% for NFS and 1.6% for APRI. During a median follow‐up of 9.8 years, 3925 patients (31.1%) died, resulting in a crude mortality rate of 40.4 per 1000 person‐years. The overall adjusted all‐cause mortality hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) in the high‐ compared with low‐fibrosis‐risk groups were 3.69 (1.95–2.75) for FIB4, 2.32 (2.88–4.70) for NFS, and 3.92 (2.88–5.34) for APRI. Stratified adjusted all‐cause mortality hazard ratios for individuals under 65 years and people over 65 years of age at cohort entry were 3.89 (95% CI 2.99–5.05) and 1.44 (95% CI 1.28–1.61) for FIB4, 2.50 (95% CI 1.89–3.18) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.24–1.48) for NFS and 3.74 (95% CI 2.73–5.14) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.24–2.17) for APRI.ConclusionsAll three fibrosis risk scores were positively associated with all‐cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes, with higher relative risks in younger than older people. Effective interventions are required to minimize excess mortality in people at high risk of liver fibrosis.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple ascending doses of the novel long‐acting glucagon analogue HM15136 in overweight and obese patients with co‐morbidities
Authors: Shin Wonjung , Hompesch Marcus , Byeon JinHee , Kang Seohyun , Choi Jaehyuk , Baek Seungjae 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple ascending doses of the novel long‐acting glucagon analogue HM15136 in overweight/obese patients with co‐morbidities, with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsThis was a phase 1, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, two‐part trial with a 12‐week treatment period of once‐weekly subcutaneous HM15136 (0.02/0.04/0.06 mg/kg). Part 1 included patients with dyslipidaemia and/or hypertension and no T2D. Part 2 included patients with dyslipidaemia and/or hypertension plus T2D.ResultsIn part 1, 23/27 (85.2%) patients receiving HM15136 and all patients receiving placebo (9/9 [100%]) experienced a treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE). Five of 27 (18.5%) patients receiving HM15136 developed anti‐HM15136 antibodies. Dose‐dependent increases in mean HM15136 serum concentration and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were observed, as were dose‐dependent weight reductions of 0.5%/2.3%/2.6% at doses of 0.02/0.04/0.06 mg/kg, respectively. In part 2, 8/12 (66.7%) patients receiving HM15136 and all patients receiving placebo (4/4 [100.0%]) reported a TEAE. Two (16.7%) patients developed anti‐HM15136 antibodies. Dose‐dependent increases in mean HM15136 serum concentration were observed. FPG of more than 200 mg/dL was reported in 4/9 (44.4%) and 2/3 (66.7%) patients receiving 0.02 and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. The 0.06 mg/kg dose was not tolerated in part 2 because of hyperglycaemia. Patients receiving 0.02 mg/kg showed a 0.9% weight reduction. No serious TEAEs leading to discontinuation were reported in either study part.ConclusionsThis study of HM15136 provides a preliminary safety and tolerability profile with initial insights into its efficacy profile.
Sumatriptan, a serotonin 5HT1B receptor agonist, acutely reduces insulin secretion and sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in overweight humans: A double‐blinded placebo‐controlled cross‐over trial
Authors: Golubic Rajna , Hussein Ismail Mouhamad , Josipovic Masa , Kennet Jane , Galderisi Alfonso , Evans Mark L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimEvidence from mouse models suggests that brain serotonergic pathways control blood glucose. We hypothesized that sumatriptan (5HT1B‐receptor agonist) would alter glucose homeostasis in humans.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a two‐visit random‐order double‐blinded placebo‐controlled cross‐over trial in 10 overweight adults that were otherwise healthy. Participants received sumatriptan (single dose, 100 mg) or placebo before undergoing a 60‐min intravenous glucose tolerance test, followed by a 120‐min hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp.ResultsGlucose excursion was greater during intravenous glucose tolerance test with sumatriptan compared with placebo [iAUC0‐60 min 316 (268‐333) vs. 251 (197‐319) min/mmol/L p = .047]. This was probably explained by a combination of reduced circulating insulin levels [iAUC0‐10 min 1626 (1103‐2733) vs. 2336 (1702‐3269) min/pmol/L, p = .005], reduced insulin sensitivity [M/I‐value 2.11 (1.15, 4.05) vs. 3.03 (1.14, 4.90) mg/kg/min per pmol/L, p = .010] and glucose effectiveness [SG 0.17 (0.12, 0.21) vs. 0.22 (0.18, 0.65)/min, p = .027].Conclusions5HT1B receptors have a glucoregulatory role in humans, probably acting on insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness.