bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of DeGIR registry data on endovascular treatment of cerebral vasospasm in Germany 2018–2021: an overview of the current care situation
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Weber Werner , Küchler Jan , Schacht Hannes , Jensen-Kondering Ulf , Berlis Ansgar , Schramm Peter 
Published: July 2023

Background Evaluation of endovascular therapies for cerebral vasospasm (CVS) documented in the DeGIR registry from 2018–2021 to analyse the current clinical care situation in Germany.
Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical and procedural data on endovascular spasm therapies (EST) documented anonymously in the DeGIR registry. We analysed: pre-interventional findings of CTP and consciousness; radiation dose applied, interventional-technical parameters (local medication, devices, angiographic result), post-interventional symptoms, complications and mortality.
Results 3584 patients received a total of 7628 EST (median age/patient: 53 [range: 13–100, IQR: 44–60], 68.2 % women) in 91 (2018), 92 (2019), 100 (2020) and 98 (2021) centres; 5388 (70.6 %) anterior circulation and 378 (5 %) posterior circulation (both involved in 1862 cases [24.4 %]). EST was performed once in 2125 cases (27.9 %), with a mean of 2.1 EST/patient. In 7476 times, purely medicated EST were carried out (nimodipine: 6835, papaverine: 401, nitroglycerin: 62, other drug not specified: 239; combinations: 90). Microcatheter infusions were documented in 1132 times (14.8 %). Balloon angioplasty (BA) (additional) was performed in 756 EST (9.9 %), other mechanical recanalisations in 154 cases (2 %) and stenting in 176 of the EST (2.3 %). The median dose area product during ET was 4069 cGycm² (drug: 4002/[+]BA: 8003 [p < 0.001]). At least 1 complication occurred in 95 of all procedures (1.2 %) (drug: 1.1 %/[+]BA: 4.2 % [p < 0.001]). Mortality associated with EST was 0.2 % (n = 18). After EST, overall improvement or elimination of CVS was found in 94.2 % of cases (drug: 93.8 %/[+]BA: 98.1 % [p < 0.001]). In a comparison of the locally applied drugs, papaverine eliminated CVS more frequently than nimodipine (p = 0.001).
Conclusion EST have a moderate radiation exposure and can be performed with few complications. Purely medicated EST are predominantly performed, especially with nimodipine. With (additional) BA, radiation exposure, complication rates and angiographic results are higher or better. When considering drug EST alone, there is evidence for an advantage of papaverine over nimodipine, but a different group size has to be taken into account. In the analysis of EST, the DeGIR registry data are suitable for answering more specific questions, especially due to the large number of cases; for this purpose, further subgroupings should be sought in the data documentation.
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Synthesis of β-Hydroxyhydrophosphonic Acids from Inorganic Sodium Hypophosphite
Authors: Yang Shang-Dong , Qian Dang-Wei , Yang Jin , Wang Gang-Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn efficient approach to access β-hydroxyhydrophosphonic acid derivatives is reported by ring-opening reaction of readily available epoxides with green, inexpensive, and safe inorganic salt sodium hypophosphate as the phosphorus source in the presence of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate as the catalyst. The reaction is achieved under simple operation and exhibits excellent selectivity as well as good functional group compatibility.
Use of Sodium Channel Blockers in the Thr226Met Pathologic Variant of SCN1A: A Case Report
Authors: Nájera-Chávez Brenda Carolina , Seeber Lea , Goldhahn Klaus , Panzer Axel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Thr226Met pathologic variant of the SCN1A gene has been associated with the clinical development of an early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EIDEE) different from Dravet's syndrome. The electrophysiological mechanisms of the mutated channel lead to a paradoxical gain and loss of function. The use of sodium channel blockers (SCB) that counteract this gain of function has been described in previous studies and they can be safely administered to patients carrying mutations in other sodium channel subtypes without causing a worsening of seizures. We report the use of SCB in a child harboring the Thr226Met pathologic variant of SCN1A with early-onset pharmaco-resistant migrating seizures, as well as developmental delay. Lacosamide led to a dramatic reduction in seizure frequency; however, only a mild improvement in the epileptic activity depicted by electroencephalography (EEG) was achieved. The introduction of carbamazepine as an add-on therapy led to a notable reduction in epileptic activity via EEG and to an improvement in sensorimotor development. Despite the overall clinical improvement, the patient developed febrile seizures and a nonepileptic jerking of the right hand. In this case of EIDEE with the Thr226Met variant, we demonstrate a beneficial pharmacological intervention of SCB in contrast to findings described in current literature. Our report encourages the cautious use of SCB at early stages of the disease in patients carrying this pathologic variant.
The Role of Intraoperative Radiotherapy Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Amarnath Sudha R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been used in the treatment of locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancers for the last several decades. Given the heterogeneity of patients treated and different indications for use and dosing at different institutions, it has been difficult to discern if IORT adds any appreciable benefit to standard of care therapies. Herein, the rationale for IORT in rectal cancer is discussed along with the most modern and best available data in 2023. IORT is likely indicated in patients with locally advanced and locally recurrent rectal cancer with threatened margins (R0 or R1 resection) to help improve local control. High-quality imaging and multidisciplinary discussion are necessary to ensure optimal patient selection. Appropriate counseling of the patient and excellent team communication are of the utmost importance given the challenging nature of these cases and the prognostic implications of R1 and R2 resections in this patient population.
Tunable strong plasmon–exciton coupling based modulator employing borophene and deep subwavelength perovskite grating
Authors: Yan Xiao-Fei , Lin Qi , Wang Ling-Ling , Liu Gui-Dong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional materials support deeply confined and tunable plasmonic modes, which have great potential for achieving device miniaturization and flexible manipulation. In this paper, we propose a diffraction-unlimited system (period ≈ λ/20) composed of borophene layer and perovskite grating to investigate the strong coupling between the borophene guiding plasmon (BGP) and perovskite exciton (PE) modes. The resonant energy of the BGP mode could be electrically tuned to match the energy of the PE mode, and a remarkable Rabi splitting is attained under zero-detuning conditions. The splitting energy could reach 230 meV due to the strong field enhancement provided by the BGP mode. Taking advantage of the proposed electrically tunable hybrid system, not only is the reflective amplitude modulation depth up to 99.9%, but the 1.76π phase range modulation is achieved. Furthermore, by increasing the distance between the borophene layer and perovskite grating, a passive parity-time symmetry breaking could be observed with the vanished energy splitting. Our results deepen our understanding of light–matter interactions at the sub-wavelength scale and provide a guideline for designing active plasmonic devices.
N acetylcysteine in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Morley Kirsten C , Peruch Siena , Adams Claire , Towers Ellen , Tremonti Chris , Watt Joshua , Jamshidi1 Nazila , Haber Paul S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a potent antioxidant that modulates glutamatergic signalling which is thought to play a role in alcohol use disorder (AUD). There have been no clinical trials investigating NAC for AUD. We aimed to conduct a 28 day double-blind, placebo-controlled (PL) randomized trial of NAC in the treatment of AUD (NCT03879759). A total of 42 participants with AUD (56% alcohol-related liver disease) were randomized to receive placebo or NAC 2400 mg/day. Feasibility outcomes included treatment retention and adverse events. Primary clinical outcomes included alcohol consumption (heavy drinking days, standard drinks per drinking day). Secondary clinical outcome measures included craving, liver tests, and psychological outcomes. There were no significant differences in overall retention between treatment groups (χ2(1) = 0.14, P = 0.71: 86% vs 76% for placebo and NAC, respectively). The most commonly reported adverse event in NAC-treated individuals included headache (14%). For standard drinks per drinking day, there was a significant overall effect of time (F = 9.18, P &lt; 0.001), no significant effect of treatment (F = 0.75, P = 0.79), and a significant time x treatment (NAC vs PL) effect (F = 2.73, P &lt; 0.05). For number of heavy drinks per day, there was a significant overall effect of time (F = 3.16, P &lt; 0.05) but no significant effect of treatment or time x treatment (P = 0.17). There were no significant NAC vs PL effects on secondary clinical outcome measures. In the first trial of NAC for the management of AUD, NAC appears to be feasible and safe. Although there was a significant effect of NAC vs placebo on some alcohol measures such as drinks per drinking day, there does appear to be a variable pattern of effect across time suggesting that a larger trial incorporating a longer treatment duration is now required to determine efficacy.
Distinctive lower incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma on the hips and lower extremities of men
Authors: Collier Victoria , Patel Jay , Chiu Chi-Yang , Fowke Jay H , Patel Tejesh Surendr , Liu-Smith Feng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous melanomas (CMs) are more frequently found on the trunk in men, and on the hip and lower extremities (legs) in women. This discrepancy has been attributed to greater exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of women’s legs due to their dressing habits.

Objectives
To understand the sex difference in the bodily distribution of CMs, especially those on the legs.

Methods
This was a cancer registry-based cohort study. CM incidences, relative tumour density and tumour mutational burdens (TMBs) were compared among different body sites in different sex and racial groups using the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) and TCGA SKCM (The Cancer Genome Atlas skin cutaneous melanoma) databases.

Results
White men had lower rates and lower relative tumour density (RTD) of CMs on their legs compared with the rest of their body sites, or compared with White women. Men classified by SEER into racial groups other than White did not show such a trend. White women had comparable RTDs among different body sites. The ratios between the ‘White’ and the ‘other’ groups were used to evaluate the approximate effect of sun exposure at different body sites, which further validated a distinct protective effect of men’s legs in melanoma. TMB on leg melanomas was lower than on other sites in both sexes.

Conclusions
The legs of both sexes in White patients show lower RTDs and lower levels of TMB, suggesting a weaker association with UV exposure. Furthermore, White men are especially protected against CM on their legs, suggesting an unknown intrinsic protective factor as compared with women.
The impact of thoracic duct resection on the long-term body composition of patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer and survived without recurrence
Authors: Nishimura Erica , Matsuda Satoru , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Okui Jun , Takemura Ryo , Takeuchi Masashi , Fukuda Kazumasa , Nakamura Rieko , Takeuchi Hiroya , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: We have reported the possible benefits of radical esophagectomy with thoracic duct (TD) resection in elective esophageal cancer surgery. However, the effect of TD resection on the long-term nutrition status remains unclear. Methods: Patients who underwent esophagectomy at Keio University between January 2006 and December 2018 were included, and those who had no recurrence for more than three years were evaluated. Changes in each body composition (muscle mass and body fat) were comparatively assessed between those who underwent TD resection or not, before and at, one, three and five years after surgery. Computed tomography images were analyzed on postoperative year 1, 3 and 5. Results: This study included 217 patients categorized in the TD-resected (TD-R) (156 patients) and TD-preserved (TD-P) (61 patients) groups. The loss of muscle mass was comparable between the groups. On the other hand, the loss of adipose tissues was significantly greater in the TD-R group than in the TD-P group at one and three years after surgery, while there was no statistical difference five years after surgery. Additionally, among patients with cT1N0M0 disease in whom survival advantage of TD resection has been reported previously, the loss of muscle mass did not differ between each group. Conclusions: The change of muscle mass between the two groups was comparable. Although body fat mass was reduced by TD resection, it eventually recovered in the long term. In patients with esophageal cancer, TD resection may be acceptable without significant impact on body composition in the long term.
The Wolff–Parkinson–White pattern in neonates: results from a large population-based cohort study
Authors: Pærregaard Maria Munk , Hartmann Joachim , Sillesen Anne-Sophie , Pihl Christian , Dannesbo Sofie , Kock Thilde Olivia , Pietersen Adrian , Raja Anna Axelsson , Iversen Kasper Karmark , Bundgaard Henning , Christensen Alex Hørby 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome is a conduction disorder characterized by an accessory electrical pathway between the atria and ventricles, which may predispose to supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and sudden cardiac death. It can be seen as an isolated finding or associated with structural heart disease. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of a WPW pattern in a large and unselected cohort of neonates and to describe the electro- and echocardiographic characteristics as well as the natural history during early childhood.

Methods and results
Electrocardiograms and echocardiograms of neonates (aged 0–30 days) from a large, prospective, population-based cohort study were included. Neonates with a WPW pattern were identified and matched 1:4 to controls. Localization of the accessory pathway was assessed by different algorithms. Among 17 489 neonates, we identified 17 (76% boys) with a WPW pattern consistent with a prevalence of 0.1%. One neonate had moderate mitral regurgitation while other echocardiographic parameters were similar between cases and controls (all P &gt; 0.05). The accessory pathways were primarily predicted to be left-sided. At follow-up (available in 14/17 children; mean age 3.2 years) the pre-excitation pattern persisted in only four of the children and none of the children had experienced any episodes of SVT.

Conclusion
The prevalence of a WPW pattern in our cohort of unselected neonates was 0.1%. The WPW pattern was more frequent in boys and generally not associated with structural heart disease, and the accessory pathways were primarily left-sided. At follow-up, the WPW pattern had disappeared in most of the children suggesting either an intermittent nature or that normalization occurs.

Clinical Trial Registration
Copenhagen Baby Heart, NCT02753348.
Arrhythmogenic mechanism of a novel ryanodine receptor mutation underlying sudden cardiac death
Authors: Qian Yunyun , Zuo Dongchuan , Xiong Jing , Yin Yihen , Qi Ruxi , Ma Xiaomin , Yan An , Yang Yawen , Liu Ping , Zhang Jingying , Tang Kai , Peng Wenhui , Xu Yawei , Liu Zheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
The ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) is essential for cardiac muscle excitation–contraction coupling; dysfunctional RyR2 participates in the development of inherited arrhythmogenic cardiac disease. In this study, a novel RyR2 mutation A690E is identified from a patient with family inheritance of sudden cardiac death, and we aimed to investigate the pathogenic basis of the mutation.

Methods and results
We generated a mouse model that carried the A690E mutation. Mice were characterized by adrenergic-induced ventricular arrhythmias similar to clinical manifestation of the patient. Optical mapping studies revealed that isolated A690E hearts were prone to arrhythmogenesis and displayed frequency-dependence calcium transient alternans. Upon β-adrenoceptor challenge, the concordant alternans was shifted towards discordant alternans that favour triggering ectopic beats and Ca2+ re-entry; similar phenomenon was also found in the A690E cardiomyocytes. In addition, we found that A690E cardiomyocytes manifested abnormal Ca2+ release and electrophysiological disorders, including an increased sensitivity to cytosolic Ca2+, an elevated diastolic RyR2-mediated Ca2+ leak, and an imbalance between Ca2+ leak and reuptake. Structural analyses reveal that the mutation directly impacts RyR2–FK506 binding protein interaction.

Conclusion
In this study, we have identified a novel mutation in RyR2 that is associated with sudden cardiac death. By characterizing the function defects of mutant RyR2 in animal, whole heat, and cardiomyocytes, we demonstrated the pathogenic basis of the disease-causing mutation and provided a deeper mechanistic understanding of a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia.
Effect of 2-week postpartum check-ups on screening positive for postpartum depression: a population-based cohort study using instrumental variable estimation in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Naoko , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Nakashima Yasuko , Matsumoto Naomi , Yorifuji Takashi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Postpartum depression is experienced by approximately 10% of women and affects the health and development of their children. Although it is recommended that all mothers have the opportunity for early detection and intervention for postpartum depression, it is unclear whether early postpartum check-ups help to reduce postpartum depression.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 2-week postpartum check-ups on screening positive for postpartum depression in Japan.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study that used the administrative database of Tsuyama, Japan. Participants were women who received postpartum home visits from a public health nurse in Tsuyama during the fiscal years 2017–2019. Data were obtained on participant’s attendance at a 2-week postpartum check-up and their responses on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Owing to the initiation of a publicly funded postpartum check-up programme, participants were pseudo-randomly assigned to receive/not receive a 2-week postpartum check-up. We conducted instrumental variable estimation to assess the causal effects of the check-up on screening positive for postpartum depression.

Results
The characteristics of the 1,382 participants did not differ by fiscal year of childbirth. We found a 6.7% (95% confidence interval 2.2–11.2) reduction in the prevalence of screening positive for postpartum depression as an effect of 2-week postpartum check-ups among women received 1-month postpartum home visits.

Conclusion
The results suggest that 2-week postpartum check-ups are effective in reducing the prevalence of screening positive for postpartum depression among 1-month postpartum women. Despite some limitations, early postpartum care could reduce postpartum depression.
Viral Resistance Analyses From the Remdesivir Phase 3 Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-1 (ACTT-1)
Authors: Hedskog Charlotte , Rodriguez Lauren , Roychoudhury Pavitra , Huang Meei-Li , Jerome Keith R , Hao Linhui , Ireton Renee C , Li Jiani , Perry Jason K , Han Dong , Camus Gregory , Greninger Alexander L , Gale Michael , Porter Danielle P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Remdesivir is approved for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nonhospitalized and hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. Here we present severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resistance analyses from the phase 3 ACTT-1 randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in adult participants hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods
Swab samples were collected at baseline and longitudinally through day 29. SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Phenotypic analysis was conducted directly on participant virus isolates and/or using SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic replicons expressing mutations identified in the Nsp12 target gene.

Results
Among participants with both baseline and postbaseline sequencing data, emergent Nsp12 substitutions were observed in 12 of 31 (38.7%) and 12 of 30 (40.0%) participants in the remdesivir and placebo arms, respectively. No emergent Nsp12 substitutions in the remdesivir arm were observed in more than 1 participant. Phenotyping showed low to no change in susceptibility to remdesivir relative to wild-type Nsp12 reference for the substitutions tested: A16V (0.8-fold change in EC50), P323L + V792I (2.2-fold), C799F (2.5-fold), K59N (1.0-fold), and K59N + V792I (3.4-fold).

Conclusions
The similar rate of emerging Nsp12 substitutions in the remdesivir and placebo arms and the minimal change in remdesivir susceptibility among tested substitutions support a high barrier to remdesivir resistance development in COVID-19 patients.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04280705.
Curbing the decline of local news by building relationships with the audience
Authors: Stroud Natalie Jomini , Van Duyn Emily 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the struggle to find sustainable business models, many local news sites have turned to engaged journalism, which draws from social exchange theory and aims to build relationships with audiences. The causal impact of these initiatives is unclear, but important given that local news sites are critical information sources and face dire economic situations. In this study, 20 news sites were randomly assigned to launch a six-month engaged journalism initiative where journalists reported on audience questions or to continue their current practices. Although not a panacea, over time traffic and subscription data and a two-wave survey of audience members across the sites (n = 3,998) show that the initiative resulted in more subscriptions and more positive audience evaluations. The results highlight the applicability of social exchange theory to questions of local news viability and illustrate that engaged journalism can improve relationships between newsrooms and the communities they serve.