bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in antimicrobial resistance in acute otitis media and otitis externa
Authors: Nawaz Saira , Smith Matthew E. , George Ryan , Dodgson Kirsty , Lloyd Simon K. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesAcute otitis media (AOM) and otitis externa (OE) are common ear infections which may warrant antibiotic therapy. For many infections, there is a rise in antimicrobial resistance, which is associated with treatment failure, morbidity, prolonged hospitalisation and mortality. This study aimed to identify longitudinal changes in microbiology and antimicrobial resistance in aural swabs taken from patients with AOM or OE.DesignRetrospective observational analysis.SettingAural samples processed at Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership Laboratories between January 2008 and December 2018 were analysed to record organism isolated and antimicrobial sensitivity.ParticipantsIndividual aural swabs from 7200 patients.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in the incidence of organisms and antimicrobial resistance between two time periods (2008–2012 and 2013–2018) were compared using the chi‐squared test (alpha = 0.05).ResultsFrom 7200 swabs, 2879 (40%) were from children. The most frequently isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.4%), yeast (9.1%), mixed anaerobes (7.9%) and Haemophilus influenzae (6.1%). In children aged 0–4 years, H. influenzae had particularly high incidence (25%). Overall, the incidence of P. aeruginosa decreased significantly with time (p = 0.05). Isolates displaying resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents increased significantly in number in the second time period for P. aeruginosa (p = 0.04) and H. influenzae (p =  0.03). There was increased resistance to amoxicillin for P. aeruginosa (p = 0.01) and to erythromycin for H. influenzae (p < 0.01).ConclusionVariations in type and frequency of organisms with increasing age likely result from differences in the preponderance of AOM compared to OE in children versus adults. We found increasing antimicrobial resistance for two organisms commonly isolated from AOM and OE infections, suggesting that aspects of current UK treatment practices and national recommendations may need to be revised.
Epilation und Depilation im Intimbereich – Motivation, Methoden, Risiken und Handlungsempfehlungen aus dermatologischer Sicht
Authors: Mezin‐Sarbu Evgeniia , Wohlrab Johannes 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Haarentfernung im Intimbereich ist eine weltweite Praxis der Körpermodifikation, die bei Frauen häufiger als bei Männern, bei jüngeren häufiger als bei älteren Menschen sowie bei sexuell aktiven häufiger als bei abstinenten Personen mit soziokulturell unterschiedlicher Motivation Anwendung findet. Da es mit wenigen Ausnahmen keine medizinische Indikation für die Intimepi‐ und ‐depilation gibt, findet sich in der Fachliteratur eine nur sehr begrenzte Evidenz über eingesetzte Methoden und deren Risiken. Um den Anwendern aus dermatologischer Perspektive eine Orientierung beim Einsatz unterschiedlicher Verfahrensweisen und damit verbundener Risiken zu geben, wurden die vorhandenen Daten in einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zusammengetragen, analysiert und bewertet. Dazu wurden in Literaturdatenbanken (PubMed, Google Scholar) nach definierten Suchstrategien insgesamt 290 Beiträge in der englisch‐ und deutschsprachigen Fachliteratur identifiziert und nach Bewertung der Relevanz 61 Publikationen mit wissenschaftlicher Aussagekraft identifiziert. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass Depilationsmethoden (Rasur, Trimming, chemische Depilation) im Vergleich zu Epilationsmethoden (Waxing, Sugaring, mechanische Epilation, Elektroepilation, Laser, Intense Pulsed Light, medikamentöse Epilation) häufiger zur Anwendung kommen. Die unterschiedlichen Risiken und unerwünschten Effekte wurden methodenassoziiert analysiert und prophylaktische Strategien zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen erarbeitet.
Klinisch‐pathologische Eigenschaften kutaner und mukokutaner Leishmaniose bei mit TNF‐α‐Inhibitoren behandelten Patienten
Authors: Palacios‐Diaz Rodolfo David , Sahuquillo‐Torralba Antonio , Rocamora‐Durán Vicenç , Unamuno‐Bustos Blanca de , Salavert‐Lleti Miguel , Santos‐Alarcón Sergio , Quintero Adriana , Garcías‐Ladaria Joan , Vila‐Payeras Aina , Martínez‐Doménech Alvaro , Mateu‐Puchades Almudena , Nadal‐Lladó Cristina , Botella‐Estrada Rafael 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDie steigende Anwendung von Biologika bei der Behandlung entzündlicher Erkrankungen hat zu mehr Leishmaniose‐Fällen bei Patienten mit iatrogener Immunsuppression geführt. Vorrangiges Ziel war die Beschreibung der Charakteristika von Patienten mit kutaner (CL) oder mukokutaner (MCL) Leishmaniose, die zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose mit Biologika behandelt wurden.Patienten und MethodenMit Kohorte von Patienten mit der Diagnose CL oder MCL wurde eine multizentrische, retrospektive Studie konzipiert. Alle mit Biologika behandelten Patienten wurden eingeschlossen. Für jeden Fall wurden zwei entsprechende nicht exponierte Patienten zum Vergleich einbezogen.ErgebnisseBei 38 Patienten wurde während ihrer Behandlung mit Tumornekrosefaktor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐Inhibitoren eine CL oder MCL diagnostiziert. Im Vergleich zu nicht exponierten Patienten waren die Leishmaniose‐Läsionen im Median größer (2,5 cm) und trat häufiger als Plaque (58,3%) und mit Ulzeration (92,1%) auf. Zudem benötigte sie eine größere mediane Anzahl intraläsionaler Infiltrationen von Meglumin‐Antimonat (3 Dosen) (P < 0,05). Bei Patienten, die mit TNF‐α‐Hemmern behandelt wurden, wurde keine systemische Beteiligung festgestellt. Zudem fanden wir keine Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Behandlungscharakteristika, ungeachtet einer Modifizierung der Biologika‐Therapie.SchlussfolgerungenObwohl das Management personalisiert werden sollte, scheint die Aufrechterhaltung einer Therapie mit Biologika die Behandlung einer CL oder MCL nicht zu beeinträchtigen.
A review of housing articles in FCSRJ: 2008–2022
Authors: DeVaney Sharon A. , Lee Jae Min 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal (FCSRJ) is a multidisciplinary journal which includes housing and interior design as one of the eight topic areas. To increase the visibility of housing and interior design, this review focused on housing research by presenting a summary of the 27 housing and interior design articles published in FCSRJ between 2008 and 2022. The following categories emerged: history, culture, housing counseling, issues and trends, affordability, renting versus owning, college students, and older adults. The results of each published study were timely and productive, and many of the authors called for additional research to explore the topics in more depth.
A Wende in representing the Holocaust in German literature? From Jurek Becker to W. G. Sebald
Authors: Finch Helen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article examines Jurek Becker's 1976 novel Der Boxer and W. G. Sebald's critical essay on Becker “Ich möchte zu ihnen hinabsteigen und finde den Weg nicht. Zu den Romanen Jurek Beckers” (posthumously published in 2010) to show how they reflect the changing norms of Holocaust testimony in German literature. Becker's well‐received novel narrates the refusal of a traumatized Jewish survivor to conform to the normative expectations of Holocaust testimony in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Sebald's essay, written in the early 1990s, however, accuses the novel of being inauthentic and by implication unethical. The polemic demonstrates Sebald's attempt to establish norms of Holocaust representation in the period following the Wende. Becker's novel and Sebald's response to it shed light on restrictive norms and expectations that surrounded Jewish survivor testimony to the Holocaust, both in the GDR during the 1970s and in post‐unification Germany of the early 1990s.
Apelin signalling in the periaqueductal grey matter alleviates capsaicin‐evoked pulpal nocifensive behaviour and capsaicin‐induced spatial learning and memory impairments in rat
Authors: Soleimani Amir Hossein , Dehghani Aghdas , Abbasnejad Mehdi , Esmaeili‐Mahani Saeed , Raoof Maryam , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimPulpal pain is a common orofacial health issue that has been linked to cognitive impairment. Because of its prominent role in pain modulation and cognitive impairment, apelin (Apl) is regarded as a promising target for clinical pain management. The role of Apl in orofacial pain, however, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intra‐periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) administrations of Apl‐13 on capsaicin‐evoked pulpal nocifensive behaviour and capsaicin‐induced spatial learning and memory impairments in rats.MethodologyForty‐nine male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 7 per group). The groups included: untreated intact, capsaicin (Caps) only, three Caps+Apl groups that received different dosages of intra‐PAG injection of Apl‐13 (1, 2 and 3 μg/rat) 20 min prior to capsaicin application, and two Apl+antagonist groups that received Apl receptor antagonist or naloxone (a μ opioid receptor) 20 min before Apl injection. Learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze test. One‐way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post hoc tests was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIntra‐PAG administration of Apl‐13 significantly reduced the capsaicin‐induced nocifensive behaviour (p < .01). This antinociception effect was inhibited by F13A and naloxone. Apl‐13 inhibited nociception‐induced learning and memory deficits (p < .01). The cognitive effects were also blocked by pre‐treatment administration of F13A (3 μg/rat).ConclusionsThese findings indicated that Apl‐13, via Apl receptors (AR or APJ) and μ opioid receptors, alleviated capsaicin‐induced dental nocifensive behaviour and protected against nociception‐induced learning and memory impairments. As a result of our findings, Apl appears to be a promising analgesic option for further research in orofacial pain models and clinical trials.
Translating coexistence: Inside Japan's public multilingualism
Authors: Friedman Gregory 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProvision of translated material for both international residents and tourists is a key part of the work of public offices around Japan. The way in which this translation is viewed and carried out, and its relationship to dominant modes of conceptualizing multiculturalism, has not received much attention in the literature. This study reports on the results of two surveys of public offices throughout Japan carried out to assess translation practices and attitudes among both Japanese and foreign staff. The study presents quantitative and qualitative findings that indicate a gap in perception between Japanese and foreign staff regarding methodology, the quality of translated material, and its relative importance. The study situates public service translation in Japan as a contested area within the broader context of multicultural coexistence, one that concretely reflects differing views and claims about tabunka kyosei and the place of immigrants in Japanese society and which reproduces a top‐down view of multicultural relations.
Learning Approaches in the Architectural Education and the Role of Students’ Habitus: Case Study Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Mamuna , Awan Usman , Asghar Salman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study seeks to explore the impact of social upbringing on architectural learning. The theory of “habitus” helps to understand how students’ personality dispositions might affect the way they approach learning in the “field” of architectural education. The notions of learning approaches and knowledge codes in literature are used to develop a framework for the study that helps to explore the field of architectural education. It is a qualitative study, conducted through semi‐structured interviews with 44 students in 10 architecture schools in Pakistan. Interviews explored students’ habitus as well as their learning approaches, later explored through the framework developed in the study. Interviews are transcribed and coded using Nvivo 12. A detailed analysis explores the connection between habitus and learning approaches and finds out that habitus plays a major role in determining the way students approach learning in Architecture, with most cultivated habitus students showing a deep learning approach.
Effect of upadacitinib on atopic hand eczema in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: Results from two randomized phase 3 trials
Authors: Simpson E. L. , Rahawi K. , Hu X. , Chu A. D. , Nduaka C. , Jazayeri S. , Lio P. , Lynde C. , Schuttelaar M. L. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 60% of patients with atopic dermatitis have involvement of the hands adding to the burden of disease.ObjectiveThis analysis aims to evaluate the effect of upadacitinib monotherapy on atopic hand eczema in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD over 16 weeks in the Measure Up 1 and 2 studies.MethodsData from patients (ages 12–75) randomized 1:1:1 to receive upadacitinib 15 mg, 30 mg, or placebo once daily in the Measure Up 1 and 2 studies were analysed for impact on atopic hand eczema assessed using the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI). The percent change from baseline in HECSI score was a prespecified additional endpoint at all visits. The proportion of patients with at least a 75% improvement in HECSI score (HECSI 75) was evaluated post hoc.ResultsPatients treated with upadacitinib 15 mg or 30 mg experienced greater improvement in HECSI score compared with placebo as early as Week 1, which was maintained through Week 16. At Week 16, the mean change from baseline in HECSI score for patients receiving upadacitinib 15 mg, 30 mg, and placebo was −68%, −74%, and −15% in Measure Up 1 and −68%, −74% and +21% (positive change indicates worsening for placebo) in Measure Up 2, respectively. A greater proportion of upadacitinib‐treated patients achieved HECSI 75 compared with placebo at all timepoints beginning at Week 1 through Week 16.ConclusionsUpadacitinib 15 mg and 30 mg monotherapy provided rapid and sustained improvement in atopic hand eczema compared with placebo through Week 16 in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD. At Week 16, the observed mean improvements in HECSI score in upadacitinib‐treated patients were clinically meaningful based on previous interpretability studies. These results suggest that upadacitinib may be an effective treatment option for atopic hand eczema in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.
Managing the transition to a complex full mouth rehabilitation utilizing injectable composite
Authors: Hulac Sandra , Kois John C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes the use of flowable injectable composite resins to facilitate transitional treatment of a complex complete mouth rehabilitation.Clinical ConsiderationsSome patients require urgent and complex complete mouth rehabilitations that are time and cost intensive. Financial considerations can prevent some patients from pursuing treatment. This can result in the oral conditions worsening over time and compromising the long‐term prognosis of the teeth.ConclusionsInjectable composite resins can be used as a transitional bonding material for complex cases using an injection molding technique utilizing clear indices obtained from a diagnostic waxing. This allows for a full mouth rehabilitation to be performed in a single appointment, producing instant results.Clinical SignificanceTransitioning with injectable composite as demonstrated in this case will immediately stabilize an otherwise deteriorating situation in a cost‐effective way and allows patients to address the realities of financial or time constraints when transitioning to more durable porcelain restorations over a period of years.
Parental incarceration and parent–youth closeness
Authors: Turney Kristin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study is to examine the association between parental incarceration and parent–youth closeness.BackgroundDespite the established complex repercussions of incarceration for relationships between adults, and the well‐known intergenerational consequences of parental incarceration, little is known about how incarceration structures intergenerational relationships between parents and children.MethodsIn this article, I use data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3408), a cohort of children followed over a 15‐year period, to examine how parental incarceration is associated with relationships between youth and their (incarcerated and nonincarcerated) parents.ResultsResults suggest three conclusions. First, parental incarceration is negatively associated with closeness between youth and their incarcerated parents. Second, the timing of first parental incarceration is important. Parental incarceration in early or middle childhood is negatively associated with closeness between youth and their incarcerated parent, and parental incarceration in adolescence is positively associated with closeness between youth and their nonincarcerated parent. Third, relationships between parents themselves explain some of the association between paternal incarceration in early childhood and father–youth closeness.ConclusionTaken together, these findings advance our understanding of both the relational and intergenerational consequences of criminal legal contact and our understanding of the correlates of parent–youth relationships and, in doing so, highlights how family ecological contexts contribute to inequality.
Does blatantly contradictory information reduce the misinformation effect? A Registered Report replication of Loftus (1979)
Authors: O'Donnell Rachel , Chan Jason C. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeLoftus (1979, Reactions to blatantly contradictory information) demonstrated that participants who received a piece of blatantly contradictory information were not susceptible to it (the boundary condition effect). In addition, participants who had received the blatant misinformation were also less susceptible to the more subtle pieces of misinformation compared to the participants who did not receive the blatant misinformation (the inoculation effect). Researchers often cited this finding as evidence for the idea that detecting a piece of blatant misinformation is similar to being given a warning. However, to our knowledge, the inoculation effect has not been replicated.MethodsExperiment 1 was a direct replication. Participants either encountered four pieces of nonblatant misinformation (subtle condition) or the same four pieces of nonblatant misinformation and an additional piece of blatant misinformation (blatant condition). Experiment 2 was a conceptual replication in which we also manipulated the presence or absence of initial testing. Furthermore, we presented the slides as a video and presented four neutral and four misleading details in the narrative.ResultsIn two high‐powered experiments, we failed to replicate both the inoculation effect and the boundary condition effect. Using a multi‐verse analysis approach, we failed to observe a significant advantage from the inclusion of a piece of blatant misinformation in most (but not all) analyses.ConclusionWe conclude that encountering a piece of blatant misinformation was not sufficient to inoculate witnesses against other nonblatant pieces of misinformation. We further discuss our results in the context of misinformation, warning, and discrepancy detection.
Validation of scores of PRO‐C3 to predict liver‐related events in alcohol‐related liver disease
Authors: Johansen Stine , Israelsen Mads , Villesen Ida F. , Torp Nikolaj , Nielsen Mette J. , Kjærgaard Maria , Lindvig Katrine P. , Hansen Camilla D. , Andersen Peter , Rasmussen Ditlev N. , Detlefsen Sönke , Leeming Diana J. , Thiele Maja , Karsdal Morten , Krag Aleksander ,   the GALAXY and MicrobLiver consortia
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsRisk prediction in alcohol‐related liver disease (ArLD) is an unmet need. We aimed to assess PRO‐C3 models to predict liver‐related events (LRE) in patients with a history of excessive alcohol use without an established diagnosis of chronic liver disease.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 462 patients with ArLD, split into a derivation cohort of 221 secondary care patients and a validation cohort of 241 primary care patients. Baseline variables, including fibrogenesis marker PRO‐C3, were used to develop a prediction model. Prognostic accuracy was compared to enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF), fibrosis‐4‐index (FIB‐4), transient elastography (TE) and ADAPT.ResultsIn the derivation and validation cohorts, 67 (30%) and 19 (8%) experienced an LRE during a median follow‐up of 5.2 years (IQR: 3.2‐6.8) and 4.0 years (IQR: 2.7‐5.6). On top of PRO‐C3 and ADAPT score, we generated a model (ALPACA) of independent predictors of LREs (PRO‐C3, AST/ALT, platelets). ALPACA had high prognostic accuracy with a C‐statistic of 0.85 in the derivation cohort, comparable to ELF (0.83) and TE (0.84) and significantly higher than FIB‐4 (0.78), PRO‐C3 (0.80) and ADAPT (0.81). In the validation cohort, all tests had comparable C‐statistics. Compared to low‐risk patients (ALPACA ≤11), high‐risk patients (>11) had a subhazard ratio for LREs of 12.6 (95% CI 5.9‐26.8, p < .001) and higher cumulative incidence (57% vs. 7%, p < .001; derivation cohort). We observed similar subhazard ratio in the validation cohort.ConclusionsPRO‐C3‐based scores are reliable tools to predict LREs in ArLD patients and are suitable for risk stratification in primary and secondary care.
Inhibition of ACSS2 attenuates alcoholic liver steatosis via epigenetically regulating de novo lipogenesis
Authors: Lu Yawen , Chen Yimeng , Hu Wenxin , Wang Meng , Wen Xiaodong , Yang Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsSteatosis is the early pathological change in alcohol‐associated liver disease. However, its precise mechanism is still unclear. The present study is aimed to explore the role and mechanism of acetyl‐CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) in acute alcohol‐induced lipogenesis.MethodsThe increase in ACSS2 nuclear import and histone H3 acetylation were observed in mice after intraperitoneally injected with 2 g/kg ethanol or oral administration of 5 g/kg ethanol and also validated in hepatocytes stimulated with ethanol or acetate. The role of ACSS2 was further explored in liver‐specific ACSS2 knockdown mice fed with ethanol‐containing diet.ResultsAlcohol challenge induced hepatic lipid deposition and upregulated lipogenic genes in mice. It also promoted ACSS2 nuclear import and increased histone H3 acetylation. In hepatocytes, ethanol induced similar phenomena whereas ACSS2 knockdown blocked histone acetylation and lipogenic gene induction. P300/CBP associated factor (PCAF), but not general control nonderepressible 5, CREB‐binding protein (CBP) and p300, facilitated H3K9 acetylation responding to ethanol challenge. CUT&RUN assay showed the enrichment of acetylated histone H3K9 surrounding Fasn and Acaca promoters. These results indicated that ethanol metabolism promoted ACSS2 nuclear import to support lipogenesis via H3K9 acetylation. In alcohol‐feeding mice, liver‐specific ACSS2 knockdown blocked the interaction between PCAF and H3K9 and suppressed lipogenic gene induction in the liver, demonstrating the critical role of ACSS2 in lipogenesis.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that alcohol metabolism generated acetyl‐CoA in the nucleus dependently on nuclear ACSS2, contributing to epigenetic regulation of lipogenesis in hepatic steatosis. Targeting ACSS2 may be a potential therapeutical strategy for acute alcoholic liver steatosis.