bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Time, Temperature, and Storage on Fluoride Release and Recharge of Esthetic Restorative Materials
Authors: Sen Madhura , Madhyastha Prashanthi S. , Bangera Madhu K. , Natarajan Srikant , Kotian Ravindra 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
The fluoride-containing restorative materials act as fluoride reservoir and release fluoride into the oral fluids gradually, thereby inhibiting secondary caries and restoration failure. The study can be utilized to develop improved regimes for topical fluoride delivery. The study evaluated and compared the influence of temperature, time, and storage conditions on the fluoride release and recharge of esthetic restorative materials.

Materials and Methods:
Silorane-based composite, methacrylate-based composite, compomer, and glass ionomer cement (GIC) were investigated for fluoride release and recharge with the fluoride selective ion electrode after immersion in distilled water and artificial saliva at 4°C, 37°C, and 55°C. Comparison between immersion media was performed with student t test, and comparison between materials and time interval (weeks and days) was performed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. The assessment of variation over time was assessed with repeated measures ANOVA. P-value was established to be significant at P < 0.05.

Results:
The highest rerelease was seen with GIC, followed by Dyract AP, Filtek P90, and Z100. Fluoride rerelease was greatest in GIC followed by Dyract AP in artificial saliva when compared to distilled water. Fluoride release was more significant at a higher temperature of 55°C. Also, fluoride recharge was highest at week 3 where the greatest rerelease was seen on day one.

Conclusion:
Fluoride release and recharge increase with temperature, time interval, and in artificial saliva.
Association between Gingival Thickness and Recession in Nonperiodontitis Patients
Authors: Sarma Marjita , Shenoy Nina 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Gingival biotype defined as a genetically determined trait describes the thickness of gingiva faciopalatally. Gingival thickness plays an important role in the development and successful treatment of mucogingival defects. Gingival recession (GR) is an undesirable condition that creates root exposure, sensitivity, and unesthetic appearance. One of the main causes proposed for GR is an overzealous toothbrushing habit. Gingival tissues can be considered as “picture framework” for restorative and aesthetic procedures. The restorative dentist must take into account the response of gingival tissues to both inflammation and restorative margins to achieve maximum desirable outcomes. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the association between gingival thickness (GT) and GR in nonperiodontitis patients.

Materials and methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Periodontology, Mangalore. Eighty subjects with GR of both genders aged 18 to 35 years participated in the study. GT was assessed in the maxillary and mandibular teeth using the probe transparency method. A questionnaire was utilized to determine the toothbrushing habits of the subjects.

Results:
Thin gingiva was more commonly found in the maxillary arch (50%) and anterior sextant (52.50%). Maxillary posterior teeth were found to be frequently affected with GR (4.49%). Comparison of GT in the anterior and posterior sextants was not statistically significant (P = 0.43). A higher prevalence of thin biotype (73.8%) was found in sites with recession. Chi-squared test was used to determine the association between GT and GR. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 22 (IBM).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that there were variations in GT with respect to dental arch and sextants. Gingiva was thinner in the maxillary arch and anterior sextant. Receded surfaces were considerably higher on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. Higher prevalence of thin biotype was found at sites with recession. Subjects with splaying or flattening of their toothbrush bristles had a higher mean recession depth when compared with other subjects. However, the association between GT and GR was not statistically significant.
Emerging Trend of Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients Less than 40 Years
Authors: Nair Priyanka , Hegde Usha , Sheshanna Sreeshyla Huchanahalli , Ravi Sunila 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Traditional risk factors causing oral and oropharyngeal cancers have been extensively studied in elderly populations. But recent evidences have shown it to be rising in young individuals with no known risk factors. Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is a proven etiologic factor for cervical cancer and has been suggested in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Hence the objective of the study was to evaluate the role of HPV as a risk factor in OSCC and OPSCC patients of less than 40 years of age without known risk factors.

Material and Methods:
Fifteen years of retrospective data were used for recording the age, gender, site, and various risk factors in patients ≤40 years of age diagnosed histopathologically with primary OSCC and OPSCC. Role of HPV in patients without any known risk factors were evaluated with p16 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:
Ninety eight patients aged ≤40 years of age were obtained with known and no known risk factors. Among the habitual risk factors, alcohol did not prove to be a significant factor. Female patients with mean age of 34 years were more prone, though they were not subjected to any of the known risk factors. Tongue and buccal mucosa were the most common sites affected. Role of HPV as a risk factor was found positive. All cases of PCR positive were IHC positive and IHC showed 100% sensitivity and 68.4% specificity.

Conclusion:
A strong correlation of HPV with OSCC and OPSCC in adults ≤40 years of age was established in the present study.
An Observational Study of Diffusion-Wssseighted Imaging Characteristics in Patients with Cervical Cancer
Authors: Sinduriyan Hitesh , Sharma Rachit , Gahlot Gaurav Pratap Singh 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To determine the role of diffusion weighted MR imaging (DWI) in differentiating benign from malignant cervix lesions and to evaluate the difference in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of different histology type and grade of tumor.

Materials and Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was done on 63 patients with carcinoma cervix. Clinical data related to the cancer were collected. All patients underwent DWI. The histopathological and clinical stage of disease was compared with staging based on magnetic resonance imaging. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging was done. ADC values were measured in the region of maximally restricted diffusion and ADC value of various appropriate normal tissues were used as an internal reference for each patient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 55.52 ± 7.12 years. The mean ± standard deviation ADC of normal cervix was 1546.67 ± 62.11, carcinoma cervix was 925.71 ± 41.14 and lymph node involvement was 870.64 ± 86.17 mm2/s (P < 0.05); early and late cervical cancer were 906 ± 22.24 and 931.88 ± 44.22 mm2/s (P = 0.229); poorly, moderately, and well-differentiated carcinoma were 909.17 ± 27.16, 917.17 ± 54.16, and 942.44 ± 36.92 mm2/s, respectively (P = 0.269); for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were 931.88 ± 44.22 and 906 ± 22.24 mm2/s, respectively (P = 0.229); and for pelvic lymphadenopathy and without lymphadenopathy was 921.36 ± 54.16 and 930.5 ± 21.31 mm2/s (P = 0.624).

Conclusion:
DWI is a reliable noninvasive modality for differentiating normal tissue from cervical cancer tissue; however, its role in predicting the aggressiveness of tumors remains a concern.
Parents’ Knowledge and Perception of Child Abuse and Neglect in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsalman Zaenb , Turkistani Jamela , Bohamad Abdullah , Alkhalaf Abdullah , Almukhtar Mohammed , Alkhalaf Reda , Alkhalaf Basem 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Child maltreatment is a crucial issue worldwide that has negative consequences for children and their families. Inability to distinguish between traditional corporal punishment and abuse is part of the problem.

Objectives:
To assess parents’ knowledge and perception of child maltreatment and investigate the factors that influence their awareness.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study recruited parents with at least one child aged <18 years. Data were collected using a self-administrated online questionnaire. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the median knowledge score.

Results:
A total of 447 participants completed the questionnaire, of which 62% were female and the average age was 37 years. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (60.6%) consider child abuse and neglect (CAN) to be a common problem in Saudi Arabia. Only 53% had good knowledge of CAN, and more than one-third were unaware of the hotline number available to report any CAN. Almost half of the participants did not consider refusing childhood immunization or smoking in front of children to be a form of CAN. Logistic regression showed that higher education and family income levels were significantly associated with good knowledge (P = 0.013 and 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions:
While most parents consider CAN to be a common problem in Saudi Arabia, they do not have adequate knowledge of what constitutes emotional abuse and neglect. These findings highlight the need for community-based education programs to increase parents and caregivers’ awareness of child rights.
Predictors of Caries Risk among Egyptian Children Attending Pediatric Dental Clinics at a University Hospital
Authors: Aboubakr Rabaa Mahmoud , Alkhadragy Doaa Mohsen , Okda Mai Monuir El Said , Rady Hadeer Wael Mohamed , Elnagar Rasha Mokhtar 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease. The external validity of the available caries risk assessment (CRA) tools is not established, especially among pediatric population.

Objectives:
To assess caries risk using the caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) protocol among Egyptian children aged 3–12 years and suggest variables that could potentially be used to develop a simpler CRA model.

Materials and Methods:
For this cross-sectional study, we recruited 320 children aged 3 to <6 years (Group I) and 320 children aged 6–12 years (Group II). CAMBRA was used to collect data about disease indicators, biological and environmental factors, and protective factors among study participants. Each child was examined clinically to collect data about past caries experiences and to measure plaque scores.

Results:
The risk of caries was high in 92.5% of Group I and 83.4% of Group II participants. The overall dmft was 5.71 ± 3.18 for Group I and 4.78 ± 2.53 for Group II. In Group I, a significant positive relation was found between the overall mean caries risk score and past caries experience (dmft; r = 0.344, P < 0.001) and mean plaque index (r = 0.463, P < 0.001). In Group II, a significant positive relation was found between the overall mean caries risk score and dmft score (r = 0.511, P < 0.001), S. mutans count (r = 234, P < 0.001), Lactobacilli count (r = 0.316, P < 0.001), and plaque index (r = 0.463, P < 0.001). Participants’ age, parents’ education, and parents’ occupation had a negative significant effect on the overall mean caries risk score.

Conclusion:
This study suggests predictors that can be used in the development of a new CRA model for children aged 3–12 years.
Pathologic Profile of Hysterectomy Cases in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Alqahtani Nourah Hasan , Albayat Methal I. , Al Nashwan Yara A. , Alnemer Areej Manssour 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Hysterectomies are increasingly being replaced by more conservative management modalities and are now only used for limited clinical indications. The agreement between these indications and the final pathology is understudied.

Objectives:
This study aimed to correlate the preoperative clinical diagnoses with the pathological findings detected in hysterectomies in Saudi women of different age groups.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed the preoperative clinical indications and the subsequent clinical and pathological data of all hysterectomies conducted at a single tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia between January 2010 and December 2021.

Results:
There was no decline in the frequency of hysterectomies across the study period. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common clinical indication across all age groups, followed by symptomatic fibroid and uterine prolapse in women aged <50 and ≥50 years, respectively. A total of 9.2% of the cases were indicated for therapeutic reasons, either as an emergency procedure for peripartum hemorrhage or for suspected uterine premalignant and malignant lesions. Besides these, 41.2% of patients had more than one pathology, with the most common combination being leiomyoma and adenomyosis (43.4%). The difference in age between malignant and benign cases (52.3 vs. 48.8 years, respectively) was not statistically significant (P = 0.109).

Conclusions:
Most of our cohort had benign lesions. Perceptible misuse of the procedure in this cohort was unlikely, as a large proportion of the patients had more than one pathology corresponding to each clinical indication.
ANALYSIS OF NOISE INTENSITY IN THE RAILWAY FACILITY MAINTENANCE WORK ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Damayanti Ajeng Tyas 
Published: July 2023

One example of work that has a high risk of work in the world of railways is the maintenance of railway facilities. One of the risks posed comes from the noise generated from the maintenance activities carried out. This study used a Soundlevel Meter tool to measure noise intensity in the railway facility maintenance work environment. The measured noise level is the equivalent noise level. This study also seeks to find out the impact and what impact prevention steps have been taken. The equivalent noise level in the work environment, especially in the final test, is 90.82 dB. The impact of noise experienced includes physiological disorders, psychological disorders and social disorders. Common physiological disorders experienced by facility nurses are the appearance of nausea, insomnia and shortness of breath. This feeling of discomfort will diminish and become less and less felt after some time. In the sense of hearing is also not found permanent interference. Psychological disorders can be in the form of discomfort, lack of concentration, insomnia, emotional instability, feelings of irritability to colleagues and superiors, and feeling tired quickly. One form of social disorder that can appear is masking effect, which is a lack of clear communication due to sounds that cover hearing. Noise control carried out is by isolating (separating facility nurses from noise sources), periodic toolbox meetings, administrative arrangements (setting working hours and facility nurses), providing K3 training, routine health checks, and using PPE properly and correctly.
PERAN INTELIJEN DALAM KEBERLANGSUNGAN DEMOKRASI DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Arbani Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai dinamika peran intelijen era reformasi yang berkaitan dengan demokrasi dan hak asasi manusia. Reformasi intelijen menempatkan intelijen lebih menyesuaikan diri dengan nilai-nilai reformasi secara ideal. Namun, praktik intelijen pada era reformasi tidak sesempurna yang dibayangkan. Dalam tulisan ini, terdapat peluang dan tantangan intelijen ke depan sebagai bagian dari upaya pengembangan intelijen. Tulisan ini menggunakan teori intelejen demokratik yang dimiliki Uri Bar-Joseph. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah intelijen sebagai perangkat institusi keamanan negara juga bisa berpeluang besar mendorong nilai-nilai demokrasi jika penegakan undang-undang benar-benar berjalan. Akan tetapi, upaya tersebut tidak semudah membalikkan telapak tangan, sebab intelijen masih berhadapan dengan tantangan yang belum bisa terselesaikan hingga saat ini.
Desain vaksin In Silico berdasarkan Epitope Protein Mammalian Cell Entry Associated Membrane Rv1973 untuk Tuberculosis (TBC) paru-paru
Authors: Tedjokusumo Laurentius Ivan , Goenawan Yohanes Alvin , Wahjudi Mariana 
Published: July 2023

Penyakit TBC yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis masih menjadi penyakit infeksi yang berbahaya hingga saat ini. Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang menyumbang angka kasus TB terbanyak di dunia. Vaksin BCG yang telah digunakan selama ini juga masih memiliki kelemahan dalam pencegahan kasus infeksi TBC. Penelitian ini menyajikan desain vaksin secara in silico yang dirancang berdasarkan protein Rv1973, yang merupakan outer membrane protein dari M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Analisa dilakukan dengan tahapan sebagai berikut: prediksi struktur dan lokasi protein, pencarian kandidat epitope, analisa imunologi epitop, penentuan dan pemodelan kandidat epitope, dan interaksinya dengan reseptor sel T dan sel B, dan uji toksisitas epitop. Hasil studi in silico menunjukkan bahwa protein Rv1937 terletak pada membrane dan sebagian di sebelah luar sel. Pada protein Rv1937 terdapat beberapa epitope potensial. Protein Rv1973 memiliki lima jenis linear epitop, dengan epitop ERv105-118 terprediksi memiliki interaksi dengan reseptor sel T dan sel B tertiggi. Epitop ini terletak. Epitop ERv105-118 ini memiliki karakteristik sebagai antigen, non-alergenik, berinteraksi kuat dengan reseptor sel T dan sel B, dan non-toksik. Epitop ERv105-118 juga memiliki sifat antigenisitas, alergenisitas, dan interaksi dengan reseptor sel T dan sel B yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan epitop dari protein ESAT-6 sebagai protein standar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kandidat epitop tersebut diprediksi dapat menjadi kandidat alternatif vaksin yang tepat bagi pencegahan proses infeksi TB
An Ayurvedic & Contemporary Perspective on a Comprehensive Appraisal of Ageing
Authors: Priyanka Kumari  , Kratika Saini  , Chhaju Ram Yadav  , Sarika Yadav  
Published: July 2023

As well as being a Swabhavaja Vyadhi (natural sickness), Avurveda has seen Jara or Vardhakya as a natural and unavoidable process. When an organ of a different system begins to degenerated and lose its anatomical and physiological capabilities over time, it is said to be ageing. This process can occur in a cell, an organ, or the entire organism.
Shareera (physical), Indriya (emotional), Satwa (psychological level), Agni (metabolism), Bala and Ojas etc. are influencing factors for Jara (ageing). The final stage of life is called Vriddhavastha (Jara). During this phase, every aspect of the body begins to degenerate, including the Dhatu (different anatomical tissues), the Indriya (sensory and motor organ), the ability to perceive, the power of speech, the power of the body, and numerous mental and cognitive functions (such as memory, intellect, reception, retention, analytic ability, etc).
The Vayu dosha predominates throughout this phase (one of the three physiological body factors). The most noticeable physical changes at this time include ageing skin, greying hair, baldness, and a decline in physical stamina. Loss of muscle compactness, joint looseness, vitiation of Rakta (blood), excessive production of Meda (fatty tissue), failure of Majja (marrow) accumulation in bone, failure of production of Shukra (semen), and loss of Ojas component are examples of these pathological alterations. This article is made to explore the physiological changes during Aging.
Effects of a Pilot Music Therapy Intervention on Motivation in Patients with Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Wojdak Christopher , Nathan Janaki , Williams Geoffrey , Coykendall Cameron , McIntosh Scott , Bloch Robert , Thevenet-Morrison Kelly 
Published: July 2023

Patients with an LDL-C ≥ 190mg/dL benefit from a healthy lifestyle and use of medications to lower their risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Change in autonomous motivation and perceived competence are viable targets for reducing CVD risk according to Self-Determination Theory. A pilot randomized controlled trial of music therapy for 31 very high LDL-C subjects found no between 1 or 2 session group different effects on motivation, LDL-C or non-HDL-C. Perceived competence for healthy lifestyle significantly increased (p<0.05), mean LDL-C decreased from 131 to 87 mg/dL (p<0.0005), and mean non-HDL-C decreased from 155 to 113 mg/dL (p=0.001) after music therapy in all participants. An increase in autonomous motivation for medication use predicted a in the change in LDL-C (p<0.05). Music therapy may enhance motivation for reducing CVD risk. Autonomous motivation for medication use and perceived competence for lifestyle change may be useful targets of future interventions for high cholesterol.
Developing Issues in World Music Therapy Education and Training: A Plurality of Views, by Karen D. Goodman (Ed).
Authors: Lesiuk Teresa 
Published: July 2023

The chapters in this current book reflect current and/or necessary changes in music therapy training that come about because of history, society, economy, generational shifts and the workplace. Although the subject matter in these chapters may appear disparate, it is not. The subject matter invites comparison in the following ways: 1) questions the nature of music therapy itself; 2) examines challenges to education and training; 3) suggests critical thinking (vs repetition or repackaging of information) for students, educators, clinicians, researchers and supervisors in the field of music therapy; 4) respects the past but looks to the future; 5) offers perspective from others in the field through such vehicles as surveys, interviews and/or reviews of literature. Part I is titled ‘New Frameworks and Content for Music Therapy Education and Training’ Part II of the book, ‘Online Formats for Music Therapy Education and Training’ offers two chapters which have become increasingly urgent information due to the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic throughout the world (March 2020), now in its third year, coupled with the explosion of technological resources and demand for online and hybrid learning. Part III of the book, ‘Inclusivity in Music Therapy Education and Training,’ presents two vital chapters to remind educators of pressing issues. Part IV of the book, ‘Professional Opportunities in Music Therapy Education, Training and Development,’ present four uniquely different chapters, yet each focuses on opportunities that any student or educator should consider. Part V, ‘Ongoing issues and Possibilities in Music Therapy Education and Training,’ considers two more developing topics in the field. Readers will enjoy and profit from this book, reflecting on how to continue to move on in music therapy education and training.
Investigating the causes of the downfall of democracy in Afghanistan from 2001 up to 2021
Authors: Khurami Hafiza , Safi Shafiqa Royesh , Payman Mariam 
Published: July 2023

Democracy in a country always fall due to internal and external factors. The collapse of Democracy not only brings political instability in a country, but it can negative impacts of the countries that have Democracy system. In developing countries, external and internal problems cause Democracy to fall.
Afghanistan's geopolitics place is very important for superpowers, these powers have tried to control political power in Afghanistan directly and indirectly. For this reason, this country has always been dependent on the superpowers of the world, such as England in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Soviet Union in the 20th century, and America in the 21st century, it has been the external factors that caused political instability in Afghanistan, internal factors such as ethnic and language discrimination, economic dependence, weaken the political system causes Democracy to fall in Afghanistan.