bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing sediment distribution in meandering river deposits through a simplified numerical modelling approach, with applications to the Holocene deposits of the Venetian Plain (Italy)
Authors: Sgarabotto Alessandro , Bellizia Elena , Finotello Alvise , D'Alpaos Andrea , Lanzoni Stefano , Boaga Jacopo , Cassiani Giorgio , Ghinassi Massimiliano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Many present-day alluvial floodplains display traces of abandoned meandering channel belts developed during the past millennia (i.e. mid to late Holocene). Deposits of these ancient rivers represent preferential pathways for groundwater flows and related environmental issues, such as contaminant propagation or saltwater intrusion in coastal areas. However, since formative bankfull flows in such old and abandoned routes are hard to estimate, fossil meanders have not been commonly addressed by morphodynamic numerical models, and most of them have been investigated following classical sedimentological approaches based mainly on punctual data derived from sedimentary cores. This study aims at investigating the sediment distribution within different fossil bends on the southern Venetian Plain (NE Italy), and relating such distribution to numerically modelled bed shear stresses used herein as a proxy of sediment sorting patterns. For this purpose, formative flows in the studied palaeomeanders are first inferred from measured sediment grain size and estimates of bend widths. Then, shear stress distributions are computed along the studied palaeobends using a 2D linearized model. Model results are finally compared with conductivity distributions gauged directly in the field through electromagnetic induction investigations in the frequency domain. Our results suggest significant correlations between shear stress distributions and sediment sorting estimated from conductivity data. We deem that the integration between sedimentological reconstructions and state-of-the-art numerical modelling can provide a solid contribution to predicting the spatial distribution of sediment properties within ancient meandering channel belts, with relevant implications for the understanding of shallow aquifer dynamics and soil management.
Lower Cambrian magmatism in the SW Iberian sector of the African–Gondwana margin: geochemical and isotopic keys to incipient tectonic switching
Authors: Rojo-Pérez Esther , Arenas Ricardo , Fuenlabrada José M. , Novo-Fernández Irene , Sánchez Martínez Sonia , Moreno-Martín Diana , Díez Fernández Rubén 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aspects of the evolution of the Pan-African–Cadomian arc have been recognized in several European massifs. The Ossa–Morena Complex (SW Iberian Massif) is one of the best-preserved sections of this palaeo-Gondwana margin. In this domain, recent studies suggest that arc magmatism followed a cyclical pattern during the Upper Ediacaran and Lower Cambrian. However, its initial and more mature stages remain unclear. Upper Ediacaran magmatism (
c.
602 Ma) appears to be uninterrupted and driven by slab–mantle wedge–upper plate interactions. The early Paleozoic was a period of significant change along the Gondwana margin. In the Ossa–Morena Complex, the beginning of the Cambrian (
c.
541 Ma) is marked by a strong unconformity over the Ediacaran basement, which is linked to destabilization of the arc. However, subduction-related magmatism continued with increasing mantle input, driving the geochemistry to more alkaline compositions. This paper summarizes the geochemical and isotopic evolution of the peri-Gondwana arc preserved in SW Iberia during this period. These results highlight shifts in geochemistry related to a higher slab angle during each magmatic episode, suggesting a tectonic switch toward an extensional regime in this section of the Gondwana margin.
i-DarkVec: Incremental Embeddings for Darknet Traffic Analysis
Authors: Gioacchini Luca , Vassio Luca , Mellia Marco , Drago Idilio , Houidi Zied Ben , Rossi Dario 
Published: May 2023

Darknets are probes listening to traffic reaching IP addresses that host no services. Traffic reaching a darknet results from the actions of internet scanners, botnets, and possibly misconfigured hosts. Such peculiar nature of the darknet traffic makes darknets a valuable instrument to discover malicious online activities, e.g., identifying coordinated actions performed by bots or scanners. However, the massive amount of packets and sources that darknets observe makes it hard to extract meaningful insights, calling for scalable tools to automatically identify and group sources that share similar behaviour.
We here present i-DarkVec, a methodology to learn meaningful representations of Darknet traffic. i-DarkVec leverages Natural Language Processing techniques (e.g., Word2Vec) to capture the co-occurrence patterns that emerge when scanners or bots launch coordinated actions. As in NLP problems, the embeddings learned with i-DarkVec enable several new machine learning tasks on the darknet traffic, such as identifying clusters of senders engaged in similar activities.

We extensively test i-DarkVec and explore its design space in a case study using real darknets. We show that with a proper definition of
services
, the learned embeddings can be used to (i) solve the classification problem to associate unknown sources’ IP addresses to the correct classes of coordinated actors and (ii) automatically identify clusters of previously unknown sources performing similar attacks and scans, easing the security analyst’s job. i-DarkVec leverages a novel incremental embedding learning approach that is scalable and robust to traffic changes, making it applicable to dynamic and large-scale scenarios.
The Impact of Improved Treatments on Survival of Adult U.S. Leukemia Patients: 1990–2018
Authors: Howlader Nadia , Sharon Elad , Bhattacharya Manami , Ehrlich Lori A. , Richardson Nicholas C. , Gormley Nicole J. , de Claro R. Angelo , Wood Amy E. , Mariotto Angela B. , Cronin Kathleen A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Molecularly targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are effective treatments for B-cell receptor (BCR)-ABL–bearing leukemias. We evaluated the impact of TKIs on historical chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) mortality trends compared with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL).

Methods:
Because mortality trends reflect combined effects of leukemia incidence and survival, we also evaluated the contribution of incidence and survival trends to mortality trends by subtypes. We used data from 13 U.S. (SEER) registries (1992–2017) among U.S. adults. We utilized histology codes to identify cases of CML, ALL, and CLL and death certificate data to calculate mortality. We used Joinpoint to characterize incidence (1992–2017) and mortality (1992–2018) trends by subtype and diagnosis year.

Results:
For CML, mortality rates started declining in 1998 at an average rate of 12% annually. Imatinib was approved by the FDA for treating CML and ALL in 2001, leading to clear benefits for patients with CML. Five-year CML survival increased dramatically over time, especially between 1996 to 2011, 2.3% per year on average. ALL incidence increased 1.5% annually from 1992 to 2017. ALL mortality decreased 0.6% annually during 1992 to 2012 and then stopped declining. CLL incidence fluctuated during 1992 to 2017 while mortality decreased 1.1% annually during 1992 to 2011 and at a faster rate of 3.6% per year from 2011. Five-year survival increased 0.7% per year on average during 1992 to 2016.

Conclusions:
Survival benefit from TKIs and other novel therapies for treating leukemia subtypes has been demonstrated in clinical trials.

Impact:
Our study highlights the impact of molecularly targeted therapies at the population level.
KOLOBOMA IRIS DAN KORIORETINA UNILATERAL: A RARE CASE
Authors: Ulir Budi Santoso Nong , Hafifah Fadillah Hana , Fatmawati Nur Khoma 
Published: April 2023

Pendahuluan: Koloboma iris dan korioretina adalah penyakit kongenital yang ditandai dengan adanya defek pada struktur mata. Koloboma iris dan korioretina merupakan penyakit genetik dominan autosom, yang tidak bergantung pada jenis kelamin. Penyakit ini terjadi akibat kegagalan dari penutupan fisura koroidea selama perkembangan janin.
Laporan Kasus: Pasien wanita 12 tahun, suku Jawa, datang ke Klinik Spesialis Mata SMEC Samarinda pada tanggal 8 Februari 2023 dengan keluhan penglihatan mata kanan terasa silau saat berada diluar ruangan. Pasien memiliki riwayat lahir normal. Pada pemeriksaan oftamologi didapatkan tajam penglihatan mata kanan 20/200 dan mata kiri 20/30. Tekanan intraokular pasien normal, palpebra, kornea, bilik mata depan, dan lensa pada kedua mata normal. Hasil pemeriksaan funduskopi pada 8 Februari 2023 didapatkan gambaran koloboma korioretina pada mata kanan.
Diskusi: Pasien diberikan terapi dengan pemberian lensa mata kanan silindris -2,50 menjadi 20/40 dan mata kiri spheris – 0,50 menjadi 20/20 dan Laser Barrage dilakukan sebagai prosedur profilaksis untuk pencegahan lepasnya retina sehat di luar coloboma. Tujuan prosedur ini adalah untuk memperkuat kontak antara retina dan lapisan pigmen retina sehingga ablasi retina dapat dicegah.
Kesimpulan: Pada pasien tidak ditemukan penyakit dan anomali penyerta.
On the Reform of the First Philosophy: After Leibniz, Maine de Biran
Authors: Baertschi Bernard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Leibniz is one of the philosophers who is most present in the philosophy of Maine de Biran, particularly from 1813 onwards. His influence is decisive in the reform of metaphysics (or First Philosophy) that he carries out from that moment on, reviving the notion of substance. Leibniz allows him to reconcile it with the idea of force, and thus to link it to the primitive fact of consciousness. This move has often been emphasized by commentators, but what has been less studied is the way in which this reform takes place in Biran’s intellectual trajectory from the time when he claimed to be an Ideologist inspired by Condillac’s philosophy, to the last texts written in 1824, when he eventually adopted a spiritualist monism that owed much to Leibniz, abandoning the Cartesian-inspired metaphysical dualism to which he had been committed until then.
Sympathy and Moral Sentiments in Maine de Biran’s Philosophy
Authors: Sanchez Grégoire 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The foundation of morality, and mainly, the possibility of moral sentiments that are universal and inalienable, is a central problem in Maine de Biran’s philosophy. Many studies focus on the part played by the self in Maine de Biran’s late philosophy, but relatively few consider with precision the importance of the concept of sympathy in this context. In this paper, I would like to show that this concept, which Biran mobilizes from his first to his last writings, is an important conceptual resource in his enterprise of founding morality. I will draw on three main texts that cover almost the entire period in which he wrote, namely, his Mémoire sur l’influence de l’habitude sur la faculté de penser ([1802] 1987), his Mémoire sur les perceptions obscures ou sur les impressions générales affectives et les sympathies en particulier ([1807] 1984), and his Fragments relatifs aux fondements de la morale et de la religion ([1819] 1859). The main finding is that sympathy occupies a central place in this enterprise of moral foundation but undergoes profound and almost contradictory conceptual re-elaborations throughout Biran’s intellectual journey. Although in his first philosophical texts Biran concentrates on the fundamental dimension of organic sympathy, he rejects it almost entirely in his last texts in favor of an analysis of the sympathy between the selves.
“She Gazed Through the Window”: Gender and Grammatical Voice in Ancient Hebrew
Authors: Olivero Vladimir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The verbs נִשְׁקַף and הִשְׁקִיף are usually both rendered into English as “to look down,” with no apparent difference in meaning despite their occurrence in the niphal and the hiphil, respectively. However, there seems to be a clear pattern in the choice between the two binyanim, which is determined by the gender of the person described. The author’s selection of either stem may give us a glimpse into the Weltanschauung of the biblical writers and their perception of how men and women acted in society and on the stage of life. In one interesting instance regarding queen Jezebel (2 Kgs 9:30), the regular linguistic pattern is reversed to further emphasise the stark contrast between her character and the usual way in which female characters are described in the Hebrew Bible. Paying attention to the general pattern also gives additional evidence in the question of the identity of the speaker in Prov 7:6.
Dementia is Associated With Inferior Outcomes Following Emergency General Surgery
Authors: Verma Arjun , Branche Corynn , Chervu Nikhil L. , Sakowitz Sara , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Hadaya Joseph , Benharash Peyman 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Given the steadily aging United States population, we used a national database to examine the association of dementia with clinical and financial outcomes following emergency general surgery. Methods All adults undergoing non-elective appendectomy, cholecystectomy, small bowel resection, large bowel resection, repair of perforated ulcer, or lysis of adhesions were identified within the 2016-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Entropy balancing and multivariable regressions were used to assess the risk-adjusted association between dementia and in-hospital mortality, complications, length of stay, costs, non-home discharge, and 30-day unplanned readmissions. Results Of an estimated 1,332,922 patients, 2.7% had dementia. Compared to those without, patients with dementia were older, more commonly male, and had a greater burden of chronic conditions. Following entropy balancing and multivariable risk-adjustment, dementia was associated with increased odds of mortality and sepsis across all operations except perforated ulcer repair. Dementia was also linked to greater likelihood of pneumonia across all operative categories. Moreover, dementia was associated with increased length of stay for patients in all operative categories except perforated ulcer repair, while costs were only increased for those undergoing appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and lysis of adhesions. Dementia was also linked to higher odds of non-home discharge following all operations, while non-elective readmissions were only increased for patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Conclusions The present study found dementia to be associated with a significant clinical and financial burden. Our findings may help inform shared decision making with patients and their families.
Medication regimen complexity (MRC-ICU) for in-hospital mortality prediction in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Azimi Hanna , Johnson Logan , Loudermilk Carly , Chase Aaron , Forehand Christy Cecil , Sikora Andrea 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The medication regimen complexity-intensive care unit (MRC-ICU) score was developed prior to the existence of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to assess if MRC-ICU could predict in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A single-center, observational study was conducted from August 2020 to January 2021. The primary outcome of this study was the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for in-hospital mortality for the 48-hour MRC-ICU. Age, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Severity Classification were assessed. Logistic regression was performed to predict in-hospital mortality as well as WHO Severity Classification at 7 days. Results: A total of 149 patients were included. The median SOFA score was 8 (IQR 5-11) and median MRC-ICU score at 48 hours was 15 (IQR 7-21). The in-hospital mortality rate was 36% (n = 54). The AUROC for MRC-ICU was 0.71 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.62-0.78) compared to 0.66 for age, 0.81 SOFA, and 0.72 for the WHO Severity Classification. In univariate analysis, age, SOFA, MRC-ICU, and WHO Severity Classification all demonstrated significant association with in-hospital mortality, while SOFA, MRC-ICU, and WHO Severity Classification demonstrated significant association with WHO Severity Classification at 7 days. In univariate analysis, all 4 characteristics showed significant association with mortality; however, only age and SOFA remained significant following multivariate analysis. Conclusion: In the first analysis of medication-related variables as a predictor of severity and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19, MRC-ICU demonstrated acceptable predictive ability as represented by AUROC; however, SOFA was the strongest predictor in both AUROC and regression analysis.
Sampling chamber with minimal wall surface for simultaneous emission testing of diisocyanates and diamines from polyurethane products
Authors: Karlsson Daniel 
Published: May 2023

A sampling chamber was developed for emission testing of diisocyanates, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and corresponding diamines, methylene diphenyl diamine (MDA), and toluene diamine (TDA) from polyurethane (PU) product surfaces. In addition, a methodology for validation of the sampling chamber was presented, based on the introduction of generated standard atmospheres of the different diisocyanates and diamines to the sampling chamber system. Sampling of diisocyanates and diamines was performed on a circular glass fiber filter (150 mm diameter) impregnated with dihexyl amine (DHA) and acetic acid (AA) positioned inside a cylindrical stainless steel sampling chamber. The diisocyanates were immediately derivatized to DHA derivatives, and the amines were derivatized in a subsequent work-up procedure with ethyl chloroformate (ECF). The design of the sampling chamber and the presented methodology allowed for simultaneous sampling and analysis of diisocyanates and diamines of emission from a large surface area with minimal interior wall interaction in the sampling chamber. Performance characteristics of the sampling chamber for different sampling times and air humidity were obtained by determining collected amounts of the diisocyanates and diamines in the different parts of the sampling chamber. The repeatability of the collected amount on the impregnated filters in the sampling chamber was 15% with an overall recovery for 8 h of sampling in the range of 61% to 96%. The performance of the sampling chamber was not affected by air humidity (5%–75% RH), and no breakthrough during sampling was observed. LC-MS/MS determinations allowed for emission testing of diisocyanates and diamines on product surfaces as low as 10–30 ng m−2 h−1.
Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in patients undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Ullah Sami , Ursli Martin , Fuhr Uwe , Wiesholzer Martin , Kussmann Manuel , Poeppl Wolfgang , Zeitlinger Markus , Taubert Max 
Published: May 2023

Background: Meropenem is a second-line agent for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PD peritonitis), while information on pharmacokinetics (PK) of intraperitoneal (i.p.) meropenem is limited in this patient group. The objective of the present evaluation was to assess a pharmacokinetic rationale for the selection of meropenem doses in automated PD (APD) patients based on population PK modelling. Methods: Data were available from a PK study in six patients undergoing APD who received a single 500 mg dose of meropenem intravenous or i.p. A population PK model was developed for plasma and dialysate concentrations ( n = 360) using Monolix. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to assess the probability of achieving meropenem concentrations above minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2 and 8 mg/L, representing susceptible and less susceptible pathogens respectively, for at least 40% of the dosing interval ( T >MIC ≥ 40%). Results: A two-compartment model for each plasma and dialysate concentrations with one transit compartment for the transfer from plasma to dialysate fluid described the data well. An i.p. dose of 250 and 750 mg, for an MIC of 2 and 8 mg/L respectively, was sufficient to attain the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target ( T >MIC ≥ 40%) in more than 90% patients in plasma and dialysate. Additionally, the model predicted that no relevant meropenem accumulation in plasma and/or peritoneal fluid would occur with prolonged treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that an i.p. dose of 750 mg daily is optimal for pathogens with an MIC 2–8 mg/L in APD patients.
Behind the Counter: Exploring Pharmacists’ Stressors and Lessons Learned During the Pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Zahoor Zoha , Papadopoulos Andrew , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin , Ibrahim Patty , Tadrous Mina , Gohar Basem 
Published: May 2023

Background: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increased stress among healthcare professionals. Among these healthcare providers are Ontario pharmacists, who are facing new and pre-existing challenges and new stressors since the pandemic. Objectives: This study aimed to understand the stressors and lessons learned by Ontario pharmacists during the pandemic through their lived experiences. Methods: In this descriptive qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured one-on-one interviews with Ontario pharmacists virtually to learn about their stressors and lessons learned during the pandemic. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, then analyzed using thematic analysis Findings: We reached data saturation after 15 interviews and identified 5 main themes: (1) Communication/miscommunication with the public and other care providers; (2) high workload due to staff shortage and low appreciation/acknowledgement; (3) mismatch in market demand and supply; (4) informational gaps pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic along with rapid protocol changes; and (5) lessons learned to improve the future of pharmacy practice in Ontario. Discussion: Our study helped us gain a better understanding of the stressors pharmacists faced, their contributions, and the opportunities that arose due to the pandemic. Conclusion: Drawing on these experiences, this study provides recommendations to improve pharmacy practice and increase preparedness for future emergencies.
Yiqi Chutan Formula Reverses Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis and Ferroptosis of Skeletal Muscle by Alleviating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wu Yingchao , Pi Dajin , Zhou Shuyao , Wang Wuhong , Ye Huan , Yi Zhongjia , Chen Yiliu , Ouyang Mingzi 
Published: May 2023

Background: Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug in clinic, but it has a damaging effect on skeletal muscle cells. Clinical observation showed that Yiqi Chutan formula (YCF) had a alleviating effect on cisplatin toxicity. Methods: In vitro cell model and in vivo animal model were used to observe the damage effect of cisplatin on skeletal muscle cells and verify that YCF reversed cisplatin induced skeletal muscle damage. The levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis and ferroptosis were measured in each group. Results: Both in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that cisplatin increases the level of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells, thus inducing cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. YCF treatment can effectively reverse cisplatin induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells, thereby alleviating cell apoptosis and ferroptosis, and ultimately protecting skeletal muscle. Conclusions: YCF reversed cisplatin-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis of skeletal muscle by alleviating oxidative stress.