bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon is buffered by grass inputs regardless of woody cover or fire frequency in an African savanna
Authors: Coetsee C. , February E. C. , Wigley B. J. , Kleyn L. , Strydom T. , Hedin L. O. , Watson H. , Attore F. , Pellegrini A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Woody plant encroachment (WPE) is a global trend that occurs in many biomes, including savannas, and accelerates with fire suppression. Since WPE can result in increased storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), fire management, which may include fire suppression, can improve ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration in savannas.

At our study site in Kruger National Park, South Africa, we used a long‐term (~70 year) fire experiment to study the drivers and consequences of changes in woody cover (trees and shrubs) on SOC sequestration. We surveyed four fire manipulation treatments, replicated at eight locations within the park: annual high‐intensity burns, triennial high (dry season) and low‐intensity (wet season) burns, and fire exclusion, to capture the range of fire management scenarios under consideration. The changes in woody cover were calculated over a period similar to the experiment's duration (~80 years) using aerial photographs (1944–2018). Soils were analysed to 30 cm depth for SOC and δ13C, under and away from the tree canopy to isolate local‐ and landscape‐level effects of WPE on SOC.

The largest increases in woody cover occurred with fire exclusion. We found that plots with higher increases in woody cover also had higher SOC. However, trees were not the only contributor to SOC gains, sustained high inputs of C4‐derived C (grasses), even under canopies in fire suppression plots, contributed significantly to SOC. We observed little difference in SOC sequestration between cooler triennial (wet season) burns and fire suppression.

Synthesis. Grass input to soil organic carbon (SOC) remained high across the full range of woody cover created by varying burning regimes. The total SOC stocks stored from tree input only matched grass‐derived SOC stocks after almost 70 years of fire exclusion. Our results point to C4 grasses as a resilient contributor to SOC under altered fire regimes and further challenge the assumption that increasing tree cover, either through afforestation schemes or fire suppression, will result in large gains in C sequestration in savanna soils, even after 70 years.
Classroom effects are as large as grade‐level effects on curriculum‐based measurement maze reading scores of secondary school students with and without special educational needs
Authors: Jungjohann Jana , Schurig Michael , Gebhardt Markus 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies used curriculum‐based measurement (CBM) maze scores as an indicator of the reading comprehension level of secondary school students with and without special educational needs in multiple grades, pinpointing a high influence of both student‐ and context‐related variables. However, studies on cumulative influence are necessary for better understanding of data‐based decision‐making.MethodsWe examined a sample of 1066 secondary school students using four linear mixed‐effect models: How much variance in maze scores exists between multiple student characteristics (i.e., gender, immigration background, learning disability and developmental language disorder) and context variables (i.e., classroom, grade and school type) across Grades 5–8?ResultsThe intra‐class correlation (ICC) results show that the influence by the context‐related variable classroom (ICC = .094) is almost as large as by the variable grade level (ICC = .126). School type (i.e., inclusive school vs. special school) has the least influence (ICC = .02). In addition, the effects of student‐related variables explain only a small proportion of the variance (marginal R2 = .114).ConclusionsMaze scores can be used as a screening instrument for students with multiple characteristics across grades; they also show that it makes no difference which type of school students attend. As teachers and further classroom‐related variables have almost as much influence as grade level, we discuss that teachers can minimise classroom effects by using maze scores as a formative approach.
Time at Home: The October Revolution and Soviet Temporalities
Authors: WILLIMOTT ANDY 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe October Revolution ushered in a radical, future‐orientated political agenda. Almost immediately, through the press, advice literature, activism and avant‐garde planning, a lively discourse on domestic life presented the home as a central site for building this ‘new epoch’. The home became the hub of a new and burgeoning Soviet temporality – a professed modern vision of time, which pitched the past against the future, embraced rational time discipline, pictured the world through a progress‐orientated teleology, and stressed mankind's ability to master time itself. While Marx famously refrained from outlining what communism would actually look like, the home and visions of the home provided a very immediate means of picturing the communist future – and how people would occupy it. As historians have started to note, the home became a temporal marker of difference between the self‐identified scourge of ‘Russian backwardness’ and the future‐orientated promise of Soviet communism. This was the difference between the fatalism and rigidity of old Russia and the intentionally disruptive mobilisation campaigns of the Soviet project. This article examines how visions of a ‘new way of life’ and modern utopian thinking on the home grounded a future‐orientated revolutionary ideology, making the promise of communism and new temporal understandings of the world tangible in the wake of 1917. But, crucially, drawing on the latest debates about time and temporalities, the article examines how different temporal modes can exist side by side in dynamic form – even in creative tension. Past and future temporalities, it posits, together formed radical Russia's vision of revolutionary time.
Prognostic and predictive impact of molecular tumor burden index in non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Yang Fan , Tang Min , Cui Liang , Bai Jing , Yu Jiangyong , Gao Jiayi , Nie Xin , Li Xu , Xia Xuefeng , Yi Xin , Zhang Ping , Li Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have limited predictive performance. In this study we aimed to investigate the feasibility of molecular tumor burden index (mTBI) in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a predictor for immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC.MethodsFrom February 2017 to November 2020, pretreatment and on‐treatment (3~6 weeks after first cycle of immunotherapy) dynamic plasma ctDNA samples from NSCLC patients receiving immune monotherapy or combination therapy were analyzed by targeted capture sequencing of 1021 genes. PyClone was used to infer the mTBI. The impact of pretreatment mTBI on survival outcomes was verified in the POPLAR/OAK trials.ResultsWe found that patients without detectable baseline ctDNA had better survival outcomes (median overall survival [OS]: not reached vs. 12.8 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.15; p = 0.035]). RB1 and SMARCA4 mutations were remarkably associated with worse survival outcomes. Furthermore, lower pretreatment mTBI was associated with superior OS (median: not reached vs. 8.1 months; HR, 0.22; p = 0.024) and PFS (median: 32.9 vs. 5.4 months; HR, 0.35; p = 0.045), but not objective response, which was validated in the POPLAR/OAK cohort, suggesting that baseline mTBI was a prognostic factor for NSCLC immunotherapy. Early dynamic changes of mTBI (ΔmTBI) significantly distinguished responsive patients, and patients with mTBI decrease to more than 68% at the final tumor evaluation had longer OS (median: 38.2 vs. 4.0 months; HR, 0.18; p = 0.017) and PFS (median: not reached vs. 2.3 months; HR, 0.24; p = 0.030).ConclusionΔmTBI had a good sensitivity to identify potential beneficial patients based on the best effect CT scans, demonstrating that mTBI dynamics were predictive of benefit from immune checkpoint blockade.
Associations among sexual assault, posttraumatic stress, drinking to cope with anxiety, and alcohol use based on gender identity and sexual orientation
Authors: Kilimnik Chelsea D. , García‐Ramírez Grisel , Salamanca Nashalys K. , Mazzone G. Mitchell , Mullican K. Nicole , Davis Kelly Cue , Orchowski Lindsay M. , Leone Ruschelle M. , Kaysen Debra , Gilmore Amanda K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSexual assault (SA) is experienced by a substantial proportion of emerging adult college students and is associated with elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use. This study examines the mediating role of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in the associations among SA severity, drinking to cope with anxiety, and average weekly drinks while considering the moderating roles of gender identity and sexual orientation.MethodsA total of 2160 college students who were diverse in gender (cisgender women, 64.4%; cisgender men, 30.6%, and transgender and gender diverse [TGD] individuals = 4.9%) and sexual orientation (heterosexual = 68.0%, LGBQ+ = 32.0%) completed measures of SA severity, PTSS, drinking to cope with anxiety motives, and average weekly drinks.ResultsThe mediation model for the full sample indicated significant indirect effects of SA severity on drinking to cope with anxiety through PTSS, but not on average weekly drinks. Moderation analyses revealed differential relationships between the variables based on both gender identity and sexual orientation. For instance, the association between SA severity and PTSS was stronger for cisgender women and TGD individuals than cisgender men, and for LGBQ+ individuals than heterosexual individuals. While the association between PTSS and average weekly drinks was only significant for cisgender men, the association between PTSS and drinking to cope with anxiety was significant for both cisgender men and women but not TGD individuals. Furthermore, the association between SA severity and drinking to cope with anxiety was stronger for cisgender women than cisgender men.ConclusionsFindings from this study demonstrate sexual orientation and gender identity differences and similarities in the associations of SA severity, PTSS, drinking to cope with anxiety, and alcohol use. Results are discussed in relation to the self‐medication hypothesis and tailoring interventions for diverse groups.
Assessment of nail fold capillary changes by hand‐held dermoscopy in adult dermatomyositis: A single‐centre prospective study
Authors: Paudyal Aliza , Yang Yao , Zheng Ming , Zhang Xingwei , Wang Han , Gong Shirui , Regmi Parbatraj , Lyu Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHand‐held dermoscopy is a valuable tool for dermatologists, but it has been rarely used to assess the nail fold capillary (NFC) in patients with dermatomyositis (DM).MethodsPatients were collected from the Department of Dermatology and Venereology from July 2020 to July 2021, and the follow‐up was conducted until January 2022. Demographic features, disease activity and NFC changes were analysed using a hand‐held dermoscopy.ResultsThe most common NFC finding in our study was bushy capillary (87.0%). There was no significant improvement in scleroderma–dermatomyositis (SD)‐like nail fold changes or enlarged capillaries from baseline to 12 weeks of treatment (p > 0.05) or from 12 weeks to 24 weeks of treatment (p > 0.05), but there was a significant improvement from baseline to 24 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05). The avascular area did not improve from baseline to 12 weeks of follow‐up, but the changes were significant from 12 weeks to 24 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05) and baseline to 24 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05). Periungual erythema improved significantly from baseline to 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05) and baseline to 24 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05), but it did not improve significantly from 12 weeks to 24 weeks of treatment (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in disease activity between patients with or without specific NFC changes. However, some NFC features improved as disease activity decreased.ConclusionDermoscopy of NFC is a cost‐effective option for the preliminary diagnosis of DM. Further, long‐term follow‐up is necessary to study the relationship between disease activity and NFC changes.
A real‐world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system events for sildenafil
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Bin , Yang Haiyan , Wan Zheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSildenafil, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), is widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the safety profile of sildenafil, including adverse event (AEs), requires comprehensive evaluation.MethodsThis retrospective pharmacovigilance study aimed to evaluate AEs linked to sildenafil by analyzing data sourced from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. A case/non‐case design was utilized, and various algorithms including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multiitem gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) were employed to measure the signals indicating the presence of sildenafil‐related AEs.ResultsAmong 339,230 reports, 33,692 specifically mentioned sildenafil use. Most of AEs occurred in males over 60 years old. The United States accounted for the highest proportion of reported AEs. Severe outcomes, including death, disability, and life‐threatening events, were reported. Significant system organ class (SOC) included “Reproductive system and breast disorders” (SOC: 10038604), “Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified” (SOC: 10038738), “Vascular disorders” (SOC: 10047065), and “Blood and lymphatic system disorders” (SOC: 10005329). Noteworthy preferred terms (PTs) associated with sildenafil included “Vision blurred,” “Flushing,” “sudden hearing loss,” “Painful erection,” and “Priapism.” Unexpected AEs, such as “Malignant melanoma,” “Pulmonary hypertension,” “Malignant melanoma in situ,” “Pulmonary arterial hypertension,” “Metastatic malignant melanoma,” “Malignant melanoma stage III,” “Malignant melanoma stage II,” “Acquired hemophilia,” “Aortic dissection rupture,” and “Intracranial artery dissection” were also identified.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and understanding the potential risks associated with sildenafil. Further investigation is warranted to validate these associations and address previously unrecognized safety concerns.
Key developmental milestones helped to identify children with special educational needs and disabilities at an early stage
Authors: van Dommelen Paula , van Buren Laurens P. , Eekhout Iris , Verkerk Paul H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimResponding to developmental delay promptly is important, as it helps children to reach their full potential. This study investigated how developmental milestones predicted primary school children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) at an early stage.MethodsWe obtained data about 36 milestones between 12 and 45 months using the Dutch Development Instrument. Development, primary school classification and background characteristics were collected from the Dutch Preventive Child Healthcare system in Utrecht from 2008 to 2016. We investigated SEND classifications and the primary schools that the children attended at 4–12 years of age. The findings include area under the curve (AUC) data.ResultsData on 30 579 children in mainstream schools and 1055 children with SEND were available. Different milestones predicted SEND classifications. Fourteen milestones and parental education predicted attendance at special needs schools with smaller classes (AUC 0.913). Nine milestones, sex, migration background and parental education predicted attendance at schools for severe communication problems (AUC 0.963). Ten milestones and parental education predicted attendance at schools for severe learning difficulties (AUC 0.995). Milestones did not accurately predict attendance at schools for severe behavioural or psychiatric problems.ConclusionMilestones at 12–45 months predicted most SEND classifications at primary school age, except severe behavioural or psychiatric problems.
Understanding the joint evolution of dispersal and host specialisation using phytophagous arthropods as a model group
Authors: Ravigné Virginie , Rodrigues Leonor R. , Charlery de la Masselière Maud , Facon Benoît , Kuczyński Lechosław , Radwan Jacek , Skoracka Anna , Magalhães Sara 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTTheory generally predicts that host specialisation and dispersal should evolve jointly. Indeed, many models predict that specialists should be poor dispersers to avoid landing on unsuitable hosts while generalists will have high dispersal abilities. Phytophagous arthropods are an excellent group to test this prediction, given extensive variation in their host range and dispersal abilities. Here, we explore the degree to which the empirical literature on this group is in accordance with theoretical predictions. We first briefly outline the theoretical reasons to expect such a correlation. We then report empirical studies that measured both dispersal and the degree of specialisation in phytophagous arthropods. We find a correlation between dispersal and levels of specialisation in some studies, but with wide variation in this result. We then review theoretical attributes of species and environment that may blur this correlation, namely environmental grain, temporal heterogeneity, habitat selection, genetic architecture, and coevolution between plants and herbivores. We argue that theoretical models fail to account for important aspects, such as phenotypic plasticity and the impact of selective forces stemming from other biotic interactions, on both dispersal and specialisation. Next, we review empirical caveats in the study of this interplay. We find that studies use different measures of both dispersal and specialisation, hampering comparisons. Moreover, several studies do not provide independent measures of these two traits. Finally, variation in these traits may occur at scales that are not being considered. We conclude that this correlation is likely not to be expected from large‐scale comparative analyses as it is highly context dependent and should not be considered in isolation from the factors that modulate it, such as environmental scale and heterogeneity, intrinsic traits or biotic interactions. A stronger crosstalk between theoretical and empirical studies is needed to understand better the prevalence and basis of the correlation between dispersal and specialisation.
Structure‐based biological investigations on ruthenium complexes containing 2,2′‐bipyridine ligands and their applications in photodynamic therapy as a potential photosensitizer
Authors: Puttaswamy Naveen Y. , Mahanta Pranami , Sarma Pranjit , Medhi Chitrani , Kaid Sanaa Mohammed Abdu , Kullaiah Byrappa , Basumatary Debajani , Manjasetty Babu A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRuthenium complexes have been investigated for various biological applications by virtue of their radical scavenging, DNA binding, receptor binding, and cytotoxic abilities; especially the possible potential application of these complexes in photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study focuses on the synthesis, structural characterization and biological application (pertaining to its cytotoxicity and radical generation) of ruthenium complexed with salicylaldehyde fumaryl‐dihydrazone (slfhH4), salicylaldehyde glutaryl‐di‐hydrazone (slfgH4) and 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy). During the synthesis, the anticipated complex was precipitated out but as serendipity, Ruthenium(II) tris (2,2′‐bipyridyl) monochloride nonahydrate {[Ru(bpy)3]2+.Cl.9H2O} (RBMN) and Ruthenium(II) tris (2,2′‐bipyridyl) monochloride septahydrate {[Ru(bpy)3]2+.Cl.7H2O}(RBMS) were crystallized from the filtrate. The crystal structure of complexes RBMN and RBMS were determined by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods and it showed that chlorine anion lies at the crystallographic axis and forms a halogen hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (XHOF) to provide the stability. In comparison with similar structures in Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC) revealed that the nature of the XHOF framework and the layered packing are conserved. The compounds showed excellent cytotoxic ability (against L6 cells) and the nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay upon irradiation to light revealed its ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presence of partially occupied water molecules in the layered organization within the crystal packing mimics the release of ROS resulting in cytotoxicity. The structural results together with the biological data make these complexes interesting candidates for potential photosensitizers for PDT applications.
Some 2‐[4‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl) phenyl]‐1H‐benzimidazole derivatives overcome imatinib resistance by induction of apoptosis and reduction of P‐glycoprotein activity
Authors: Hekmatshoar Yalda , Ozkan Tulin , Alp Mehmet , Gurkan‐Alp A. Selen , Sunguroglu Asuman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImatinib (IMA) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) introduced for the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy. Emergence of IMA resistance leads to the relapse and failure in CML therapy. Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic organic compound which is widely investigated for the development of anticancer drugs. In this study, we aimed to explore the anticancer effects of some 2‐[4‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl) phenyl]‐1H‐benzimidazole derivatives on K562S (IMA‐sensitive) and K562R (IMA‐resistant) cells. To analyze the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the compounds, K562S, K562R, and L929 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the derivatives. Cytotoxic effects of compounds on cell viability were analyzed with MTT assay. Apoptosis induction, caspase3/7 activity were investigated with flow cytometry and BAX, BIM, and BAD genes expression levels were analyzed with qRT‐PCR. Rhodamine123 (Rho‐123) staining assays were carried out to evaluate the effect of compounds on P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) activity. The hit compounds were screened using molecular docking, and the binding preference of each compounds to BCR‐ABL protein was evaluated. Our results indicated that compounds triggered cytotoxicity, caspase3/7 activation in K562S and K562R cells. Rho‐123 staining showed that compounds inhibited P‐gp activity in K562R cells. Overall, our results reveal some benzimidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents to overcome IMA resistance in CML.