bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for the recurrence of foot ulcer in type 2 diabetes in China: A longitudinal cohort study based on a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Meijun , Chen Dong , Fu Hongmin , Xu Hongmei , Lin Shanshan , Ge Tiantian , Ren Qiuyue , Song Zhenqiang , Ding Min , Chang Jun , Fan Tianci , Xing Qiuling , Sun Mingyan , Li Xuemei , Chen Liming , Chang Bai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo develop and validate a risk prediction model for Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes with the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) based on a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA prospective analysis was performed with 1333 participants and followed up for 60 months. Three models were analysed using a derived cohort. The risk factors were screened using meta‐analysis and logistic regression, and the missing variables were interpolated by multiple imputation. The internal validation was performed using the bootstrap procedure, and the validation cohort was applied to the external validation. The performance of the model was evaluated in the area under the discrimination Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). Calibration and discrimination methods were used for the validation cohort. The variables were selected according to their clinical and statistical importance to construct the nomograms.ResultsThree models were developed and validated. Model 1 included seven social and clinical indicators like sex, diabetes mellitus duration, previous DFU, location of ulcer, smoking, history of amputation, and foot deformity. Model 2 included four more indicators besides those in Model 1, which were statin agents used, antiplatelet agents used, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index. Model 3 added further laboratory indicators to Model 2, such as LDL‐C, HbA1C, fibrinogen, and blood urea nitrogen. In the derivation cohort, 20.1% (206/1027) participants with DFU recurred as compared to the validation cohort, which was 38.2% (117/306). The areas under the curve in the derivation cohort for Models 1–3 were 0.781 (0.744–0.817), 0.843 (0.813–0.873), and 0.899 (0.876–0.922), respectively. The Youden indexes for Models 1–3 were 0.430, 0.559, and 0.653, respectively. Model 3 showed the highest sensitivity and specificity. All models performed well for both discrimination and calibration.ConclusionsModels 1–2 were non‐invasive, which indicate their role in general screening for patients at a high risk of recurrence of DFU. However, Model 3 offers a more specific screening due to its best performance in predicting the risk of DFU recurrence amongst the three models.
Mineral lick use by a community of large herbivores in northern Iran
Authors: Salmanpour Farid , Shakoori Zahra , Kia Mehdi , Eshaghi Rahman , Ghaderi Mehdi , Ghomi Saied , Kaveh Reza , Rabie Kuros , Kiabi Bahram H. , Farhadinia Mohammad S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNatural mineral licks are ecologically valuable resources to meet the physiological needs of herbivores, particularly in temperate forests. Importantly, licking sites can harbor high anthropogenic risk for conservation‐dependent herbivores through higher chance of pathogen spillover from livestock and increased levels of poaching risks. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information on the mineral lick use in temperate forests of west Asia and the Caucasus where a few threatened deer species exist. We monitored four naturally occurring mineral licks in Central Alborz Protected Area, northern Iran during May–July 2019 using camera traps and analyzed the mineral content of the licking sites. A total of 53 independent mineral lick visits were obtained from only three species of herbivores, i.e., Caspian red deer (Cervus elaphus maral; n = 21), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus; n = 26), and wild pig (Sus scrofa; n = 6). The sex ratio of visiting Caspian red deer was highly skewed toward females (3M:18F), whereas it was more balanced in visiting roe deer (11M:15F). The species‐level distribution of visits corresponded to diurnal and cathemeral for Caspian red deer and for roe deer, respectively, without any evidence of different activity curves. There was a negative nonlinear relationship between the ambient temperature and the visitation rate. Our findings showed that mineral licks are important habitat features for these large herbivores and need to be included in spatial mapping and habitat protection measures.
Furosemide‐induced haemolytic anaemia in an extreme elderly patient
Authors: Ho I‐Wei , Huang Chin‐Chou 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFurosemide, a loop diuretic, is commonly used to treat fluid overload symptoms and heart failure. Drug‐induced immune haemolytic anaemia is an unusual drug‐adverse event. Furosemide‐induced haemolysis is even rarer. This case report presents a 91‐year‐old male who developed acute haemolytic anaemia 3 days after initiating furosemide to treat myocardial infarction complicated with acute decompensated heart failure. He had increased lactate dehydrogenase and unconjugated bilirubin with undetectable haptoglobin, which indicated the destruction of red blood cells. Other causes for haemolytic anaemia, including hereditary, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, were also excluded. He improved with drug cessation and a short course of glucocorticoids. This report aims to raise awareness of this rare complication caused by commonly prescribed drugs. Despite a negative result of a direct antiglobulin test, physicians must remain suspicious of drug‐induced immune haemolytic anaemia in unclear cases of haemolysis.
Nowcasting inflation with Lasso‐regularized vector autoregressions and mixed frequency data
Authors: Aliaj Tesi , Ciganovic Milos , Tancioni Massimiliano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe evaluate the predictive performances of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) as an alternative shrinkage method for high‐dimensional vector autoregressions. The analysis extends the Lasso‐based multiple equations regularization to a mixed/high‐frequency data setting. Very short‐term forecasting (nowcasting) is used to target the Euro area's inflation rate. We show that this approach can outperform more standard nowcasting tools in the literature, producing nowcasts that closely follow actual data movements. The proposed tool can overcome information and policy decision problems related to the substantial publishing delays of macroeconomic aggregates.
Monkeypox and sex: Sexual orientations and encounters are key factors to consider
Authors: Islam Md. Rabiul , Nowshin Delruba Tabassum , Khan Md. Robin , Shahriar Mohammad , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe monkeypox (mpox) virus was endemic to some African countries that have recently spread worldwide creating multicountry outbreaks outside of Africa. This most current mpox outbreak is caused by a variety of factors. However, there are some conflicting ideas and pejorative claims about this. Therefore, we conducted this narrative review to highlight the associations of mpox infection with sexual orientations and encounters and to break the misconception about mpox.MethodsTo find pertinent information and data, we searched Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The results of the study were supported by a large number of studies that demonstrated a connection between the mpox and sexual orientation. To gather information, we read the pertinent articles.ResultsAccording to the available documents, we have seen that there are normally two ways of monkeypox transmission. However, the LGBTQ and MSM communities are disproportionately affected by mpox infection. Numerous research have only focused on the sexual orientation of victims. According to a study, there were 54,709 laboratory‐confirmed cases of mpox where the majority of these cases were in men who had sex with men and reported recent sexual activity with one or more partners. According to a study from Italy, the mpoxvirus was recently discovered in a sample of human semen from cases of confirmed mpox. However, this finding has not yet been confirmed because there is a chance that the specimen was contaminated by another means.ConclusionThe present study suggests that there might have a prominent association between epidemiology of mpox infection and sexual orientations patients. Therefore, the general public should be made aware of mpox infections by healthcare authorities. They should let the people know about the facts about mpox. Only comprehensive planning and preventive measures will be able to halt this epidemic infection's pandemic progression.
Characteristics of drought, low temperature, and concurrent events of maize in Songliao Plain
Authors: Zhao Yunmeng , Guo Ying , Wang Rui , Li Kaiwei , Rong Guangzhi , Zhang Jiquan , Zhao Chunli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMaize is susceptible to drought and low temperatures. In recent years, drought, low temperatures, and their composite events have often occurred during the growth period of maize, causing a huge impact. In this study, maize in the Songliao Plain was used as the research object. Based on the crop water surplus deficit index (CWSDI) and heat index (F(T)), combined with the Theil–Sen median and Mann–Kendall tests (Sen–MK) and empirical orthogonal function (EOF), the temporal trends and spatial patterns of drought and low temperatures in different growth periods of maize were obtained. Copula modelling was used to analyse the joint probability distribution and return period of drought and low temperatures. The results showed that the temporal variation trend of the CWSDI was significantly different at different growth periods of maize, and there were different trends and spatial modal distributions. However, the temporal variation trend of F(T) was similar, showing a downward trend over the entire region. There was no obvious asymmetry or skew‐dependent structure in the distribution of concurrent events of drought and low temperature; however, the joint probability contours of different growth periods were biased to the upper left. The recurrence period of drought and low‐temperature concurrent events was within 2 years, and the recurrence period was basically between 2 and 5 years, with a reduction in drought or low temperatures.
Mean and extreme precipitation over Aotearoa New Zealand: A comparison across multiple different estimation techniques
Authors: Vishwanathan Gokul , McDonald Adrian , Stone Dáithí A. , Rosier Suzanne , Rana Sapna , Noble Chris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive evaluation of mean and extreme precipitation features over Aotearoa New Zealand (hereafter New Zealand or NZ) in station data and in six merged satellite‐gauge products, five reanalyses and two in situ gridded products over a period of 10 years inclusive (2001–2010). All products show a similar mean precipitation pattern with a clear maximum over alpine regions. However, only the higher spatial resolution datasets capture the details of the west–east gradient across the South Island accurately. For extremes, we used a set of climate indices to examine the wet tail of the precipitation distribution in the different products. The products have significant differences in these indices, especially over the West Coast in the South Island, indicating substantial uncertainty in these gridded precipitation extremes. Overall, MSWEP and BARRA‐R perform well in all the statistical tests, including higher values of the nonparametric Kling Gupta efficiency (NP‐KGE) metric, favouring their utility for capturing the main characteristics of both mean and extreme precipitation across New Zealand.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Performance of Electrospun PVDF‐TrFE by Polydopamine‐Assisted Attachment of ZnO Nanowires for Impact Force Sensing
Authors: Chung Michael , Diaz Sanchez Francisco J. , Schoeller Jean , Stämpfli Rolf , Rossi René M. , Radacsi Norbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, piezoelectric PVDF‐TrFE electrospun fibers (EFs) were fabricated using a high‐throughput nozzle‐free electrospinning process. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were robustly anchored to the PVDF‐TrFE EFs, assisted by a self‐polymerized polydopamine (PDA) layer, and subsequently grown into ZnO nanowires (NWs) using a low‐temperature hydrothermal growth method. The EF mats were investigated for active impact force transduction and the piezoelectric voltage outputs of different combinations of PVDF‐TrFE and ZnO nanomaterials were compared using two different impact force testing setups. The horizontal impact force test saw an increase in force sensitivity by a factor of 2.5 for the nanowires compared to the unmodified PVDF‐TrFE EFs. Similarly, vertical drop impact testing demonstrated a 5.8‐fold increase in sensitivity with a linear response (R2 = 0.986) for a large range of impact forces up to 970 N. The EFs were also tested as a wearable impact force sensor to quantify soccer ball heading force, which was measured as 291.3 ± 51.0 N for a vertical ball speed of 7.8 ± 1.5 ms−11 with an 8.2% average error compared to theoretical force values. It is believed the enhanced piezoelectric performance of these materials could provide a useful platform for wearable sensing and energy harvesting.
Rapid high‐fidelity T2* mapping using single‐shot overlapping‐echo acquisition and deep learning reconstruction
Authors: Yang Qinqin , Ma Lingceng , Zhou Zihan , Bao Jianfeng , Yang Qizhi , Huang Haitao , Cai Shuhui , He Hongjian , Chen Zhong , Zhong Jianhui , Cai Congbo 
Published: January 2023

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a single‐shot quantitative MRI technique called GRE‐MOLED (gradient‐echo multiple overlapping‐echo detachment) for rapid mapping.MethodsIn GRE‐MOLED, multiple echoes with different TEs are generated and captured in a single shot of the k‐space through MOLED encoding and EPI readout. A deep neural network, trained by synthetic data, was employed for end‐to‐end parametric mapping from overlapping‐echo signals. GRE‐MOLED uses pure GRE acquisition with a single echo train to deliver maps less than 90 ms per slice. The self‐registered B0 information modulated in image phase was utilized for distortion‐corrected parametric mapping. The proposed method was evaluated in phantoms, healthy volunteers, and task‐based FMRI experiments.ResultsThe quantitative results of GRE‐MOLED mapping demonstrated good agreement with those obtained from the multi‐echo GRE method (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.991 and 0.973 for phantom and in vivo brains, respectively). High intrasubject repeatability (coefficient of variation <1.0%) were also achieved in scan–rescan test. Enabled by deep learning reconstruction, GRE‐MOLED showed excellent robustness to geometric distortion, noise, and random subject motion. Compared to the conventional FMRI approach, GRE‐MOLED also achieved a higher temporal SNR and BOLD sensitivity in task‐based FMRI.ConclusionGRE‐MOLED is a new real‐time technique for quantification with high efficiency and quality, and it has the potential to be a better quantitative BOLD detection method.
Two‐year effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on control of eating in adults with overweight/obesity: STEP 5
Authors: Wharton Sean , Batterham Rachel L. , Bhatta Meena , Buscemi Silvio , Christensen Louise N. , Frias Juan P. , Jódar Esteban , Kandler Kristian , Rigas Georgia , Wadden Thomas A. , Garvey W. Timothy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of once‐weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on 2‐year control of eating.MethodsIn STEP 5, adults with overweight/obesity were randomized 1:1 to semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo, plus lifestyle modification, for 104 weeks. A 19‐item Control of Eating Questionnaire was administered at weeks 0, 20, 52, and 104 in a subgroup of participants. P values were not controlled for multiplicity.ResultsIn participants completing the Control of Eating Questionnaire (semaglutide, n = 88; placebo, n = 86), mean body weight changes were −14.8% (semaglutide) and −2.4% (placebo). Scores significantly improved with semaglutide versus placebo for Craving Control and Craving for Savory domains at weeks 20, 52, and 104 (p < 0.01); for Positive Mood and Craving for Sweet domains at weeks 20 and 52 (p < 0.05); and for hunger and fullness at week 20 (p < 0.001). Improvements in craving domain scores were positively correlated with reductions in body weight from baseline to week 104 with semaglutide. At 104 weeks, scores for desire to eat salty and spicy food, cravings for dairy and starchy foods, difficulty in resisting cravings, and control of eating were significantly reduced with semaglutide versus placebo (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn adults with overweight/obesity, semaglutide 2.4 mg improved short‐ and longer‐term control of eating associated with substantial weight loss.image
Wildlife documentaries present a diverse, but biased, portrayal of the natural world
Authors: Howlett Kate , Lee Ho‐Yee , Jaffé Amelia , Lewis Matthew , Turner Edgar C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Wildlife‐documentary production has expanded over recent decades, while studies report reduced direct contact with nature. The role of documentaries and other electronic content in educating people about biodiversity is therefore likely to be growing increasingly important. This study investigated whether the content of wildlife documentaries is an accurate reflection of the natural world and whether conservation messaging in documentaries has changed over time.

We sampled an online film database (n = 105) to quantify the representation of taxa and habitats over time, and compared this with actual taxonomic diversity in the natural world. We assessed whether the precision with which an organism could be identified from the way it was mentioned varied between taxa or across time, and whether mentions of conservation and anthropogenic impacts on the natural world changed over time.

Mentions of organisms (n = 374) were very biased towards vertebrates (81.1% of mentions) relative to invertebrates (17.9% of mentions), despite vertebrates representing only 3.4% of described species, compared to 74.9% for invertebrates. Mentions were highly variable across groups and between time periods, particularly for insects, fish and reptiles. Plants had a consistently low representation across time periods.

A range of habitats was represented, the most common being tropical forest and the least common being deep ocean, but there was no change over time.

Mentions identifiable to species were significantly different between taxa, with 41.8% of mentions of vertebrates identifiable to species compared with just 7.5% of invertebrate mentions and 10% of plant mentions. This did not change over time.

Conservation was mentioned in 16.2% of documentaries overall, but in almost 50% of documentaries in the current decade. Anthropogenic impacts were mentioned in 22.1% of documentaries and never before the 1970s.

Our results show that documentaries provide a diverse picture of nature with an increasing focus on conservation, with likely benefits for public awareness. However, they overrepresent vertebrate species, potentially directing public attention towards these taxa. We suggest widening the range of taxa featured to redress this and call for a greater focus on threats to biodiversity to improve public awareness.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Automated Ki‐67 labeling index assessment in prostate cancer using artificial intelligence and multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry
Authors: Blessin Niclas C , Yang Cheng , Mandelkow Tim , Raedler Jonas B , Li Wenchao , Bady Elena , Simon Ronald , Vettorazzi Eik , Lennartz Maximilian , Bernreuther Christian , Fraune Christoph , Jacobsen Frank , Krech Till , Marx Andreas , Lebok Patrick , Minner Sarah , Burandt Eike , Clauditz Till S , Wilczak Waldemar , Sauter Guido , Heinzer Hans , Haese Alexander , Schlomm Thorsten , Graefen Markus , Steurer Stefan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Ki‐67 labeling index (Ki‐67 LI) is a strong prognostic marker in prostate cancer, although its analysis requires cumbersome manual quantification of Ki‐67 immunostaining in 200–500 tumor cells. To enable automated Ki‐67 LI assessment in routine clinical practice, a framework for automated Ki‐67 LI quantification, which comprises three different artificial intelligence analysis steps and an algorithm for cell‐distance analysis of multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry (mfIHC) staining, was developed and validated in a cohort of 12,475 prostate cancers. The prognostic impact of the Ki‐67 LI was tested on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing one 0.6 mm sample per patient. A ‘heterogeneity TMA’ containing three to six samples from different tumor areas in each patient was used to model Ki‐67 analysis of multiple different biopsies, and 30 prostate biopsies were analyzed to compare a ‘classical’ bright field‐based Ki‐67 analysis with the mfIHC‐based framework. The Ki‐67 LI provided strong and independent prognostic information in 11,845 analyzed prostate cancers (p < 0.001 each), and excellent agreement was found between the framework for automated Ki‐67 LI assessment and the manual quantification in prostate biopsies from routine clinical practice (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.94 [95% confidence interval: 0.87–0.97]). The analysis of the heterogeneity TMA revealed that the Ki‐67 LI of the sample with the highest Gleason score (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.68) was as prognostic as the mean Ki‐67 LI of all six foci (AUC: 0.71 [p = 0.24]). The combined analysis of the Ki‐67 LI and Gleason score obtained on identical tissue spots showed that the Ki‐67 LI added significant additional prognostic information in case of classical International Society of Urological Pathology grades (AUC: 0.82 [p = 0.002]) and quantitative Gleason score (AUC: 0.83 [p = 0.018]). The Ki‐67 LI is a powerful prognostic parameter in prostate cancer that is now applicable in routine clinical practice. In the case of multiple cancer‐positive biopsies, the sole automated analysis of the worst biopsy was sufficient. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Mental time travel for self and others in individuals with a high level of schizotypy
Authors: Ye Jun‐yan , Qin Xiao‐jing , Cui Ji‐fang , Jia Lu‐xia , Shi Hai‐song , Yang Tian‐xiao , Lui Simon S. Y. , Wang Ya , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMental time travel (MTT) is the ability to project oneself to the past or future through mental simulation. Moreover, MTT can involve self‐related or other‐related information. This study aimed to compare MTT in individuals with high levels of schizotypy and that in their counterparts with low levels of schizotypy. Participants with high (n = 37) and low (n = 37) levels of schizotypy completed an MTT task with four conditions [2 (Condition: self vs. other) × 2 (Time orientation: past vs. future)]. They were required to recall past events that had happened to themselves or to a non‐intimate person, and to imagine possible future events that might happen to themselves or to a non‐intimate person, related to cue words. Outcome measures included specificity, vividness, sense of experience, emotional valence, emotional intensity, proportion of first‐person visual perspective in events, and difficulty in event generation. A 2 (Group: high vs. low levels of schizotypy) × 2 (Condition) × 2 (Time orientation) mixed analysis of variance was conducted on each index. Results showed that self‐related MTT was more specific than other‐related MTT in low levels of schizotypy participants but not in high levels of schizotypy participants. Participants with a high level of schizotypy reported fewer specific events, and reported events with lower vividness and positive emotion than did those with a low level of schizotypy. Self‐related MTT showed higher levels of phenomenological characteristics than did other‐related MTT. In conclusion, individuals with a high level of schizotypy have altered MTT, and cannot benefit from the self‐advantage effect on the specificity of MTT.