bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A morphological study on the sphenoid bone ligaments’ ossification pattern
Authors: Piagkou Maria , Fiska Aliki , Tsakotos George , Triantafyllou George , Politis Constantinus , Koutserimpas Christos , Skrzat Janusz , Olewnik Lukasz , Zielinska Nicole , Tousia Athina , Kostares Michael , Totlis Trifon , Triantafyllou Anastasia , Al Nasraoui Katerina , Karampelias Vasilios , Tsiouris Christos , Natsis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The sphenoid bone (SB) extracranial ligaments (ECRLs) are the pterygoalar and pterygospinous ligaments (PTAL and PTSL) that are located at the SB lateral pterygoid plate, and inferior to the foramen ovale (FO). Their ossification may affect the mandibular nerve’s distribution. The intracranial ligaments’ (ICRLs) ossification (the caroticoclinoid ligament—CCLL, the anterior and posterior interclinoid ligaments—AICLL and PICLL) may impede the approaches to the sella.
This study highlights the incidence of the ossified ECRLs and ICRLs location, their type (partial, or complete), considering laterality, gender, age, and ligaments’ simultaneous presence.

Methods
The sample consisted of 156 Greek adult dried skulls of both genders and variable age.

Results
Ossified ligaments were identified in 57.05%, predominantly extracranially (42.31%, P = 0.003). ECRLs were predominantly identified unilaterally (30.13%, P < 0.001). The majority of the ossified ICRLs were predominantly identified in male skulls (31.1%, P = 0.048) and the majority of the ECRLs (52.8%, P = 0.028) were predominantly identified at the age of 60 years and above. The PTAL was the most ossified (32.69%), followed by the CCLL (24.36%), the PTSL (16.03%), the PICLL (6.41%), and the AICLL (4.49%).

Conclusions
Detailed knowledge of the SB morphology and ligaments’ ossification extent is essential to improve the technique of the FO percutaneous approach, and sellar approaches, to minimize complications.
Testung auf Mismatch-Reparatur-Defizienz und Mikrosatelliteninstabilität
Authors: Rüschoff Josef , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Rüschoff Jan Hendrik , Jöhrens Korinna , Bocker-Edmonston Tina , Dietmaier Wolfgang , Bläker Hendrik , Baretton Gustavo , Horst David , Dietel Manfred , Hartmann Arndt , Klauschen Frederick , Merkelbach-Bruse Sabine , Stenzinger Albrecht , Schöniger Sandra , Tiemann Markus , Weichert Wilko , Büttner Reinhard 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis der Mismatch-Reparatur-Defizienz (dMMR) mit konsekutiver hochgradiger Mikrosatelliteninstabilität (MSI-H) ist inzwischen fester Bestandteil der Diagnostik des kolorektalen Karzinoms (KRK). Galt MSI anfänglich als möglicher Indikator einer erblichen Krebsdisposition (Lynch-Syndrom, LS) steht heute die Vorhersage des Therapieansprechens auf Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) im Vordergrund. Entsprechende Empfehlungen und Testalgorithmen liegen für den Einsatz in der Primärdiagnostik vor (Übersicht in: Rüschoff et al. 2021).Aufgrund des damit verbundenen routinemäßigen Einsatzes und des sich erweiternden Indikationsspektrums von ICI-Therapien für Nicht-KRK wie Endometrium‑, Dünndarm‑, Magen- und Gallenwegskarzinome wird eine aktualisierte Übersicht zur dMMR/MSI-Testung vorgelegt. Fokus sind die Herausforderungen bei der Beurteilung immunhistochemischer Färbungen und die Wertigkeit PCR-basierter Verfahren unter Berücksichtigung des erweiterten ICI-Indikationsspektrums. Anhand neuer Daten zur Häufigkeit und Art von Diskordanzen zwischen dMMR- und MSI-Befund und der möglichen Rolle von Next Generation Sequencing zu deren Aufklärung wird ein praxisorientiertes Diagramm zur Entscheidungsfindung im diagnostischen Alltag vorgestellt. Wir weisen zudem auf die Bedeutung systematischer Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen (z. B. QuIP MSI-Portal und Ringversuche) einschließlich einer regelmäßigen Fortbildung hin.
5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARi) with or without alpha-blockers (α-B) for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia do NOT lower the risk of incident Bladder Cancer: United States insurance claims data
Authors: Del Giudice Francesco , Belladelli Federico , Glover Frank , Basran Satvir , Li Shufeng , Mulloy Evan , Pradere Benjamin , Soria Francesco , Krajewski Wojciech , Nair Rajesh , Muncey Wade , Seranio Nicolas , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Chemoprotective effect of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARi) on bladder cancer (BCa) risk in men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) has been explored with conflicting results. We sought to examine the effect of 5-ARi on new BCa diagnoses in a large US database.

Methods
Men ≥ 50 y/o with a prescription for 5-ARi after BPH diagnosis were identified in the IBM® Marketscan® Research de-identified Databases between 2007 and 2016 and matched with paired controls. Incident BCa diagnoses were identified after BPH diagnosis and/or pharmacologic treatment. Multivariable regression modeling adjusting for relevant factors was implemented. Sub-group analyses by exposure risk were performed to explore the association between 5-ARi and BCa over time. Administration of alpha-blockers (α-B) w/o 5-ARi was also examined.

Results
In total, n = 24,036 men on 5-ARi, n = 107,086 on 5-ARi plus alpha-blockers, and n = 894,275 without medical therapy for BPH were identified. The percentage of men diagnosed with BCa was 0.8% for the 5-ARi, 1.4% for the 5-ARi + α-B, and 0.6% for the untreated BPH group of incident BCa (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56 – 1.47), and 1.08, 95%CI 0.89 – 1.30, respectively). This was also true at both shorter (≤ 2 yr) and longer-term (> 2 yr) follow up. In addition, α-B alone had no change in BCa risk (HR 1.06, 0.86–1.30).

Conclusions
We did not find any diminished risk of new BCa in men treated with 5-ARi (i.e., chemoprotective effect). The current report suggests that 5-ARi do not change a man’s bladder cancer risk.
A global sensitivity analysis of a mechanistic model of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer constrained by in vitro and in vivo imaging data
Authors: Lorenzo Guillermo , Jarrett Angela M. , Meyer Christian T. , DiCarlo Julie C. , Virostko John , Quaranta Vito , Tyson Darren R. , Yankeelov Thomas E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard-of-care treatment for locally advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) before surgery. The early assessment of TNBC response to NAC would enable an oncologist to adapt the therapeutic plan of a non-responding patient, thereby improving treatment outcomes while preventing unnecessary toxicities. To this end, a promising approach consists of obtaining in silico personalized forecasts of tumor response to NAC via computer simulation of mechanistic models constrained with patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired early during NAC. Here, we present a new mechanistic model of TNBC growth and response to NAC, including an explicit description of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. As longitudinal in vivo MRI data for model calibration is limited, we perform a sensitivity analysis to identify the model mechanisms driving the response to two NAC drug combinations: doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel with carboplatin. The model parameter space is constructed by combining patient-specific MRI-based in silico parameter estimates and in vitro measurements of pharmacodynamic parameters obtained using time-resolved microscopy assays of several TNBC lines. The sensitivity analysis is run in two MRI-based scenarios corresponding to a well-perfused and a poorly perfused tumor. Out of the 15 parameters considered herein, only the baseline tumor cell net proliferation rate along with the maximum concentrations and effects of doxorubicin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel exhibit a relevant impact on model forecasts (total effect index, $$S_{T}$$

S
T

0.1). These results dramatically limit the number of parameters that require in vivo MRI-constrained calibration, thereby facilitating the clinical application of our model.
Food insecurity and subjective cognitive complaints among adults aged ≥ 65 years from low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Smith Lee , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Shin Jae Il , Kostev Karel , Underwood Benjamin R. , Oh Hans , Soysal Pinar , Veronese Nicola , Schuch Felipe , Tully Mark A. , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To date, no study has investigated the association between food insecurity and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC). Thus, the aims of the present study were to examine this association among older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to identify the potential mediators in this association, given the importance of SCC in dementia risk among older people, and the projected particularly large increase in dementia in this setting.

Methods
Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) collected between 2007 and 2010 were analyzed. Two questions on subjective memory and learning complaints in the past 30 days were used to create a SCC scale ranging from 0 (No SCC) to 100 (worse SCC). Past 12 month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable linear regression and mediation (Karlson–Holm–Breen method) analyses were conducted to assess associations.

Results
Data on 14,585 individuals aged ≥ 65 years [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% females] were analyzed. Severe food insecurity (vs. no food insecurity) was associated with 9.16 (95% CI = 6.95–11.37) points higher mean SCC score. Sleep/energy (mediated% 37.9%; P < 0.001), perceived stress (37.2%; P = 0.001), and depression (13.7%; P = 0.008) partially explained the association between severe food insecurity and SCC.

Conclusion
Food insecurity was associated with SCC among older adults in LMICs. Future studies should assess whether addressing food insecurity among older adults in LMICs can improve cognitive health.
A surgical strategy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma — the hilar first concept
Authors: Nevermann Nora , Bode Julia , Vischer Maxine , Feldbrügge Lina , Knitter Sebastian , Krenzien Felix , Pelzer Uwe , Fehrenbach Uli , Auer Timo Alexander , Lurje Georg , Schmelzle Moritz , Pratschke Johann , Schöning Wenzel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present study assesses long-term overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after curative resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) depending on resection margin (RM) status and lymph node (LN) status.

Methods
Clinical data of all consecutively resected patients with ICCA at a single high-volume center between 2005 and 2018 were collected. Minimum follow-up was 36 months. Perioperative and long-term oncological outcome was assessed.

Results
One hundred ninety-two cases were included in the analysis. Thirty- and 90-day-mortality was 5.2% (n = 10) and 10.9% (n = 21). OS was 26 months with 1-, 2-, and 5-year-OS rates of 72%, 53%, and 26%. One-, 2-, and 5-year-DFS rates were 54%, 42%, and 35% (N0 vs. N1: 29 vs. 9 months, p = 0.116). R1 was not found to be an independent risk factor for reduced survival in the overall cohort (p = 0.098). When differentiating according to the LN status, clear resection margins were significantly associated with increased DFS for N0 cases (50 months vs. 9 months, p = 0.004). For N1 cases, no significant difference in DFS was calculated for R0 compared to R1 cases (9 months vs. 9 months, p = 0.88). For N0 cases, clear resection margins > 10 mm were associated with prolonged OS (p = 0.048).

Conclusion
For N1 cases, there was no significant survival benefit when comparing R0 versus R1, while the complication rate remained high for the extended resection types. In view of merging multimodal treatment, the hilar first concept assesses locoregional LN status for optimal surgical therapy.
Serum concentrations of BDNF in adolescents with metabolic syndrome: a case-control study between normal - BMI adolescents and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Bacopoulou Flora , Angelopoulos Nikolaos G. , Papadodima Stavroula , Apostolaki Despoina , Mantzou Aimilia , Koniari Eleni , Efthymiou Vasiliki , Tsitsika Artemis , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Charmandari Evangelia , Stefanaki Charikleia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBrain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) has been linked to various conditions of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Scarce data exist about the concentrations of BDNF in children and adolescents in relation with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to examine the serum BDNF concentrations in adolescents with metabolic syndrome and according to their body mass index (BMI) status. This was a case-control study, assessing BDNF concentrations between adolescents with MetS (with obesity vs. normal-BMI), in relation to sex, anthropometric, metabolic and endocrine parameters. Participants included male and female adolescents, whose anthropometric and metabolic panel, as well as serum BDNF concentrations were measured. A total of 59 adolescents (obesity: 29; normal-BMI: 30) were included in the study. Increased serum BDNF concentrations were observed in MetS adolescents with obesity when compared with normal-BMI adolescents (p < 0.001). Males exhibited higher concentrations of BDNF than females (p = 0.045). The sample was further divided into four categories by sex and BMI status, with normal-BMI females exhibiting significantly lower BDNF concentrations than females and males with obesity(p = 0.005). In the entire study sample, serum BDNF concentrations correlated positively with BMI z-scores, however, this statistical significance was preserved only in the females of the sample. No statistical difference was observed between males of different BMI z-scores categories. Conclusion: Obesity appeared as a major factor for increased serum BDNF concentrations in adolescents with MetS (vs. normal-BMI), with a higher impact on BDNF concentrations in females than males.

What is Known:• The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in metabolic syndrome in adults but data in adolescents are scarce.

What is New:• Obesity (vs. normal BMI) was a major factor for increased serum BDNF in adolescents with metabolic syndrome.• Obesity had a higher impact on BDNF concentrations in females than males with metabolic syndrome.
NTRK fusion events and targeted treatment of advanced radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer
Authors: Koehler Viktoria Florentine , Achterfeld Josefine , Sandner Natalie , Koch Christine , Wiegmann Jonas Paul , Ivanyi Philipp , Käsmann Lukas , Pusch Renate , Wolf Dominik , Chirica Mihaela , Knösel Thomas , Demes Melanie-Christin , Kumbrink Joerg , Vogl Thomas J. , Meyer Gesine , Spitzweg Christine , Bojunga Joerg , Kroiss Matthias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pathogenic fusion events involving neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) have been described in ~ 2% of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors entrectinib and larotrectinib have been approved in a tumor agnostic manner based on phase 1/2 clinical trials. In a real-world setting at five referral centers, we aimed to describe the prevalence of NTRK gene fusions and the efficacy and safety of TRK inhibitor treatment for non-medullary, advanced thyroid cancer (TC).

Methods
A total of 184 TC patients with testing for NTRK gene fusions were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method in six patients with NTRK fusion-positive TC who underwent TRK inhibitor therapy.

Results
8/184 (4%) patients harbored NTRK gene fusions. Six patients with radioiodine (RAI)-refractory TC harboring NTRK1 (n = 4) and NTRK3 (n = 2) gene fusions were treated with larotrectinib. Five patients (83%) had received ≥ 1 prior systemic therapy and one patient did not receive prior systemic therapy. All patients had morphologically progressive disease before treatment initiation. Objective response rate was 83%, including two complete remissions. Median PFS from start of TRK inhibitor treatment was 23 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0–57.4) and median OS was not reached (NR) (95% CI, NR). Adverse events were of grade 1–3.

Conclusion
The prevalence of NTRK gene fusions in our cohort of RAI-refractory TC is slightly higher than reported for all TC patients. Larotrectinib is an effective treatment option in the majority of NTRK gene fusion-positive advanced TC patients after prior systemic treatment and has a favorable safety profile.
Purification, conformational analysis and cytotoxic activities of host-defense peptides from the Tungara frog Engystomops pustulosus (Leptodactylidae; Leiuperinae)
Authors: Conlon J. Michael , Guilhaudis Laure , Attoub Samir , Coquet Laurent , Leprince Jérôme , Jouenne Thierry , Mechkarska Milena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe amphibian family Leptodactylidae is divided into three sub-families: Leiuperinae, Leptodactylinae, and Paratelmatobiinae. Host-defense peptides (HDPs) present in the skins of frogs belonging to the Leptodactylinae have been studied extensively, but information is limited regarding peptides from Leiuperinae species. Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Tungara frog Engystomops pustulosus (Leiuperinae) collected in Trinidad led to the isolation and structural characterization of previously undescribed pustulosin-1 (FWKADVKEIG KKLAAKLAEELAKKLGEQ), [Q28E] pustulosin-1 (pustulosin-2), and pustulosin-3 (DWKETAKELLKKIGAKVAQVISDKLNPAPQ). The primary structures of these peptides do not resemble those of previously described frog skin HDPs. In addition, the secretions contained tigerinin-1EP (GCKTYLIEPPVCT) with structural similarity to the tigerinins previously identified in skin secretions from frogs from the family Dicroglossidae. Pustulosin-1 and -3 adopted extended α-helical conformations in 25% trifluoroethanol–water and in the presence of cell membrane models (sodium dodecylsulfate and dodecylphosphocholine micelles). Pustulosin-1 and -3 displayed cytotoxic activity against a range of human tumor-derived cell lines (A549, MDA-MB-231, and HT29), but their therapeutic potential for development into anti-cancer agents is limited by their comparable cytotoxic activity against non-neoplastic human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The peptides also displayed weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 125 µM) but were inactive against Staphylococcus aureus. Tigerinin-1EP was inactive against both the tumor-derived cells and bacteria.
Clinical characterization of patients with anal fistula during follow-up of anorectal abscess: a large population-based study
Authors: Sanchez-Haro E. , Vela E. , Cleries M. , Vela S. , Tapiolas I. , Troya J. , Julian J.-F. , Parés D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Approximately 15–50% of patients with an anorectal abscess will develop an anal fistula, but the true incidence of this entity is currently unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of anorectal abscess and development of a fistula in a specific population area and to identify potential risk factors associated with demographic, socioeconomic and pre-existing disease (e.g. diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease).

Methods
A longitudinal observational study was designed including a large cohort study in an area with 7,553,650 inhabitants in Spain 1st january 2014 to 31st december 2019. Adults who attended for the first time with an anorectal abscess and had a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. The diagnosis was made using ICD-10 codes for anorectal abscess and anal fistula.

Results
During the study period, we included 27,821 patients with anorectal abscess. There was a predominance of men (70%) and an overall incidence of 596 per million population. The overall incidence of anal fistula developing from abscesses was 20%, with predominance in men, and a lower incidence in the lowest income level. The cumulative incidence of fistula was higher in men and in younger patients (p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, patients aged 60–69 years (hazard ratio 2.0) and those with inflammatory bowel disease (hazard ratio 1.8–2.0) had a strong association with fistula development (hazard ratio 2.0).

Conclusions
One in five patients with an anorectal abscess will develop a fistula, with a higher likelihood in men. Fistula formation was strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
Entropy regularization in probabilistic clustering
Authors: Franzolini Beatrice , Rebaudo Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBayesian nonparametric mixture models are widely used to cluster observations. However, one major drawback of the approach is that the estimated partition often presents unbalanced clusters’ frequencies with only a few dominating clusters and a large number of sparsely-populated ones. This feature translates into results that are often uninterpretable unless we accept to ignore a relevant number of observations and clusters. Interpreting the posterior distribution as penalized likelihood, we show how the unbalance can be explained as a direct consequence of the cost functions involved in estimating the partition. In light of our findings, we propose a novel Bayesian estimator of the clustering configuration. The proposed estimator is equivalent to a post-processing procedure that reduces the number of sparsely-populated clusters and enhances interpretability. The procedure takes the form of entropy-regularization of the Bayesian estimate. While being computationally convenient with respect to alternative strategies, it is also theoretically justified as a correction to the Bayesian loss function used for point estimation and, as such, can be applied to any posterior distribution of clusters, regardless of the specific model used.
Research on the influence of digital penetration on the entrepreneurial behavior tendency of rural residents in tourism
Authors: Yang Jianchun , Zhang Ting , Zhang Lu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBased on the AMO theory framework, this study employs structural equation modeling to empirically analyze 226 questionnaires collected from three villages in Guizhou Province: Zhaoxing Dong Village, Xijiang Miao Village, and Basha Miao Village. The study investigates the influence of digital penetration on villagers' entrepreneurial behavior tendencies in tourism and specifically discusses the mediating effects of digital literacy, entrepreneurial passion, and social network relationships. The results indicate that (1) digital penetration has a direct positive impact on villagers' entrepreneurial behavior tendencies in tourism, and (2) digital literacy, entrepreneurial passion, and social network relationships serve as positive mediators in the relationship between digital penetration and villagers' entrepreneurial behavior tendencies in tourism, functioning as capability, motivation, and opportunity factors, respectively. Based on these findings, this study proposes an implementation path to stimulate villagers' entrepreneurial vitality in the context of digital rural strategies. Suggestions include improving rural basic network infrastructure, actively conducting skills training, inspiring villagers' entrepreneurial enthusiasm, and guiding them to establish social network relationships. The aim is to promote rural economic development, facilitate rural revitalization, and create employment opportunities through entrepreneurship.