bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Knowledge and Awareness of Anesthesiology and Anesthesiologists in China: A Cross-Sectional National Survey of 1 Million Participants
Authors: Ma Yulong , Mi Tianyue , Sun Miao , Zhang Changsheng , Chang Dandan , Liu Siyuan , Song Han , Yang Huikai , Liu Yanhong , Cao Jiangbei , Fu Qiang , Mi Weidong 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
In the past 20 years, anesthesiology has become one of the most advanced specialties and has undergone rapid development. However, public awareness regarding anesthesiology and anesthesiologists is limited, especially in developing countries. It is important for anesthesiologists to make the public aware of their role during surgery. Therefore, a nationwide survey was set up to investigate public awareness of anesthesiology and anesthesiologists in China.

METHOD:
A cross-sectional nationwide survey was performed from June 2018 to June 2019 in 34 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across China and an overseas region. The questionnaires of the survey were divided into 2 main parts: general items and research items. General items included the demographic characteristics of the participants; research items consisted of 10 questions about the public’s awareness of anesthesiologists and anesthesiology. Data quality control was undertaken by the investigation committee throughout the survey process.

RESULTS:
The nationwide survey enrolled 1,001,279 participants (male, 40.7%). We found that most of the participants regarded anesthesiologists as doctors. However, public knowledge of anesthesiologists’ work and duties during surgery was quite low, with correct response rate ranging from 16.5% to 52.9%, and anesthesiologist responsibilities were often mistakenly attributed to surgeons or nurses. It is disappointing that more than half of participants still thought that, once the patient fell asleep after receiving anesthetics, the anesthesiologist could leave the operating room. Finally, the correct response rate was positively correlated with the economic levels of the regions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Public awareness regarding anesthesiology and anesthesiologists in China remains inadequate. Due to the biases and characteristics of the participants, the actual situation of the general Chinese public is likely even worse than reflected here. Therefore, extensive measures should be undertaken to improve public knowledge of anesthesiology and anesthesiologists.
Aerobic Exercise in Male Mice Prevents Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Damage from sirt1 Dysregulation
Authors: YAN JIE , GU CHANGPING , LIU GE , ZHANG YAQIANG , YANG LI , ZHAO TAO , CAO CUICUI , ZHAO LIANG , WU GUANGHAN , WANG YUELAN 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a common complication of mechanical ventilation under general anesthesia. Regular aerobic exercise before surgery improves postoperative recovery and reduces postoperative pulmonary complications, but the mechanism driving this protective effect is unclear.

Methods
To determine how aerobic exercise prevents VILI, we investigated the effects of exercise and mechanical ventilation on the lungs of male mice and the effects of AMPK stimulation (simulating exercise) and cyclic stretching on human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC). Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) knockdown male mice were generated to explore the regulating mechanisms of sirt1 on mitochondrial function in male mice after mechanical ventilation was explored. Western blot, flow cytometry, live cell imaging, and mitochondrial function evaluations were used to determine the protective effects of aerobic exercise in preventing mitochondrial damage in VILI.

Results
Mitochondrial function and cell junctions were destroyed by mechanical ventilation in male mice or cyclic stretching in HLMVEC, a model of VILI. However, mitochondrial function and cell junction dysfunction were improved by exercise before mechanical ventilation (male mice) or treatment with AMPK before cyclic stretching (HLMVEC). p66shc, a marker of oxidative stress, was increased, and PINK1, a marker of mitochondrial autophagy, was decreased by mechanical ventilation or cyclic stretching. Sirt1 knockdown increased p66shc and decreased PINK1. Increased sirt1 expression was observed in the exercise and exercise + ventilation groups, suggesting that sirt1 inhibits mitochondrial damage in VILI.

Conclusions
Mechanical ventilation induces mitochondrial damage in lung cells and leads to VILI. Regular aerobic exercise before ventilation may prevent VILI by improving mitochondrial function.
Activation Cross Section Measurement of the (n,2n) Reaction on 203Tl at 16.4 MeV, 18.9 MeV and Theoretical Calculations via the EMPIRE code
Authors: Patas Stavros , Chasapoglou Sotiris , Axiotis Michalis , Diakaki Maria , Gkatis George , Harissopulos Sotirios , Kokkoris Michael , Lagoyannis Anastasios , Tsivouraki Eleni , Vlastou Roza 
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present work was to study the cross-section of the (n,2n) and (n,3n) reactions on 203Tl, by irradiating a natural TlCl pellet target with monoenergetic neutron beams at 16.4, and 18.9 MeV. The cross section measurements were carried out using the activation method, with respect to the 197Au(n,2n)196Au and 27Al(n,α)24Na reference reactions. The monoenergetic neutron beams were generated in the 5.5 MV Tandem accelerator of NCSR “Demokritos”, using the 3H(d,n)4He reaction. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to take into account the gamma-ray self-absorption results as well as the estimation of the neutron flux through the reference foils. Theoretical calculations with the code EMPIRE have also been performed, using the same parameterization implemented in the theoretical study of Ir and Au nuclei in an attempt to find a suitable model for the description of all the experimental results in this mass region.
Credit Ratings and the Hold-Up Problem in the Loan Market
Authors: Cahn Christophe , Girotti Mattia , Salvadè Federica 
Published: May 2023

This paper studies whether credit ratings can alleviate the hold-up problem in the loan market. We exploit a refinement of the rating information produced by a certifier that rates private bank-dependent firms in France on a vast scale. The refinement causes some firms to receive a positive rating surprise that is not due to an improvement in firm fundamentals. We show that affected firms become less reliant on lenders that have greater ability to extract informational rents. These firms receive greater and less expensive bank credit from new and less informed lenders and invest more. We deduce that credit ratings reduce the monopoly power of informed banks, helping firms to expand their access to bank credit. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4779 .
Effect of shift length on paramedic anxiety
Authors: Korn Caleb R , Wilfong Denise A 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Paramedics frequently experience extremely stressful situations. A combination of the unknown, long shifts and witnessing human distress and tragedy can have lasting effects on the psyche of these individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference between anxiety levels experienced by paramedics who work 12-hour shifts and those working 24-hour shifts. It was hypothesised that those required to work longer shifts would experience higher levels of anxiety. Methods: This survey research study measured anxiety experienced by paramedic practitioners (n=78) at three local emergency medical services using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. A binary logistical regression analysis was used to determine whether any results met criteria for significance and to determine the odds ratio for categories that did reach significance. Results: Paramedics who worked 24-hour shifts were significantly more likely to experience moderate-to-severe anxiety than those working 12-hour shifts (P=0.042; OR 0.002). Age affects the likelihood that participants experienced moderate-to-severe anxiety (P=0.028; OR=0.594); as age increases, the likelihood of experiencing moderate-to-severe anxiety decreases significantly. Conclusion: Paramedics who worked 24-hour shifts were significantly more likely to experience moderate-to-severe anxiety than those working 12-hour shifts. Age also affects whether paramedics experience moderate-to-severe anxiety; the older the individual, the better able they are at moderating their anxiety. Emergency medical service administrators are encouraged to reconsider the use of 24-hour shifts. If not already in place, strategies should be developed to assist paramedics and other prehospital care practitioners to recognise and address anxiety and other mental health disorders.
Predictability and durability of mitral valve repair in patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation in medium sized centres
Authors: Casey L , Jinih M , MacHale J , Kirby F , O’ Neill JO , Byrne R , McCarthy JF 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Mitral valve repair (MVr) is now the treatment of choice to correct severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). Repair rates vary greatly from centre to centre, and the concept of heart valve centres of excellence has been established. Objective The purpose of this study was to see whether large international centre repair rates, and outcomes, are transferrable to medium-sized centres with an interest in mitral repair. Methods Between 2011 and 2018, a total of 346 patients underwent mitral valve surgery by a single surgeon. Of these, 238 consecutive patients had repairs, or attempted repairs for degenerative MR, and are included in this study. Results The study sample consisted of 71% male patients and had a mean age of 64.4 ± 12.3 years; 66% of the study population had concomitant procedures. The overall repair rate in this cohort is 99%. Mean follow up was 3.7 ± 1.9 years. At 5 years, the freedom from MR ≥ 3+ was 95.9 ± 1.9% and at 7 years 91.1 ± 3.8%. Freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 92.9 ± 3.7%, while the 5 years actuarial survival was 89.1 ± 3.7%. On a multivariate analysis, predischarge echo grade was associated with higher risk of future reoperation (odds ratio (OR) = 21.82, p = 0.05). Only age (OR = 1.3, p = 0.03) was predictive of long-term survival. Conclusions In specialised medium-sized heart centres, where the surgical team have undergone specialist mitral training, favourable short- and long-term outcomes are achievable with mitral repair rates similar to those from large international centres of excellence. In these heart centres, early surgery should be considered for all patients with severe degenerative MR.
Creating bespoke end-of-treatment summaries
Authors: Fairhurst K , Gilmore K , Swan R , Laurence N 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The NHS Long Term Plan states that by 2021, every person diagnosed with cancer should have access to personalised care including an end-of-treatment summary. This summary document aims to provide both patients and their general practitioners with accessible information regarding all treatment received and potential side effects, signs/symptoms of disease recurrence and contact details for addressing concerns. Producing an individualised document meeting all the patient’s needs (considering the many different breast cancer pathways) is, however, both challenging and time consuming. Methods Work was conducted with the hospital information technology (IT) department to produce a breast cancer database and proforma that were built in to existing hospital IT systems. Patient information is entered on this database by the clinical team via the electronic proforma. Results Using this breast cancer database for the last 2.5 years has allowed the creation of personalised and detailed end-of-treatment summaries for patients and general practitioners (currently 765), and will facilitate accurate data collection for service quality improvement. In addition, 24 individual issues in the patient pathway have been identified and opportune identification of these issues allows for timely correction to minimise harm to patients. Conclusions The described approach utilises existing hospital IT systems to build a prospective, accessible, customised breast cancer patient database to generate quick but detailed and accessible end-of-treatment summaries. The implemented system has been found to be efficient and accurate while also rapidly identifying errors and areas for improvement in the patient pathway.
Three-dimensional contrast-transfer-function approach in phase-contrast tomography
Authors: Thompson Darren A. , Nesterets Yakov I. , Pavlov Konstantin M. , Gureyev Timur E. 
Published: May 2023

A new method is developed for 3D reconstruction of multimaterial objects using propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography (PB-CT) with phase retrieval via contrast-transfer-function (CTF) formalism. The approach differs from conventional PB-CT algorithms, which apply phase retrieval to individual 2D projections. Instead, this method involves performing phase retrieval to the CT-reconstructed volume in 3D. The CTF formalism is further extended to the cases of partially coherent illumination and strongly absorbing samples. Simulated results demonstrate that the proposed post-reconstruction CTF method provides fast and stable phase retrieval, producing results equivalent to conventional pre-reconstruction 2D CTF phase retrieval. Moreover, it is shown that application can be highly localized to isolated objects of interest, without a significant loss of quality, thus leading to increased computational efficiency. Combined with the extended validity of the CTF to greater propagation distances, this method provides additional advantages over approaches based on the transport-of-intensity equation.
Deleterious impact of COVID-19 pandemic: Male fertility was not out of the bag
Authors: Garrouch Siwar , Sallem Amira , Ben Fredj Manel , Kooli Rim , Bousabbeh Manel , Boughzala Ines , Sriha Asma , Hajjaji Awatef , Mehdi Meriem 
Published: May 2023

Background
The emergence and the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has multiple consequences in all countries around the world. Male germ cells of infertile patients which are shown to be vulnerable to many environmental conditions, could be particularly vulnerable to such an exceptional pandemic situation. We aimed through the current study to investigate the potential variations in sperm quality of infertile patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia.

Methods
This was a cohort study including 90 infertile patients addressed to Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology of Monastir Department of Maternity and Neonatology in Monastir, during the two first COVID-19 waves in Tunisia and who already have a spermogram before the pandemic period.

Results
We have pointed out a significant decrease in both total and progressive sperm motility during COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.0001 and p = 0.001 respectively). The percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa increased from 90.99±7.38 to 93.67±4.55% during the pandemic (p< 0.001). The remaining sperm parameters were similar between the two compared timepoints. Interestingly, the univariate analysis didn’t show any other associated factor to the observed impairment in sperm mobility and morphology.

Conclusion
These data highlight the severe impact of the pandemic of the male reproductive health of hypofertile patients. Delaying infertility investigations and management after pandemic waves is recommended to hope a better gamete quality and hence to improve conception potential.
Healthcare professionals’ experiences of providing care for patients with enterocutaneous fistula in hospital and in homecare: A qualitative study
Authors: Härle Karolina , Börjeson Sussanne , Hallböök Olof , Myrelid Pär , Thylén Ingela 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEnterocutaneous fistula is a rare but complex and serious condition that is both physically and psychologically demanding for the person affected. Infection, fistula dressing problems, electrolyte and fluid imbalance and malnutrition render the individual in need of long periods of in-hospital care and homecare. This place great demands on patients, families, and healthcare professionals. More research is needed to bridge the gap between hospital and home-based healthcare services.AimTo explore healthcare professionals’ experiences of providing care for patients with enterocutaneous fistula in hospital and in homecare.Material and methodsA qualitative descriptive study design based on five focus group interviews involving 20 healthcare professionals. Data was analysed using content analysis.ResultsThree categories with seven corresponding subcategories were developed; 1) Providing care for patients with enterocutaneous fistula in the hospital and at home was complex and time and resource consuming. Participants were struggling with practical issues and lacked disease-specific knowledge and skills; 2) Caring requires an integrated approach but it was challenging to work interprofessionally and cope with barriers in collaboration between providers; 3) Building long lasting relationships with patients and their families was fundamental to the caring process. Participants needed to hide their own feelings related to smell and appearance of the fistula as well as frustration when the fistula dressing did not hold without leaking. The healthcare professionals expressed that the involvement of the patient and their close family was important when proving care, likewise, to have a great understanding of the patients’ suffering.DiscussionThe care of patients with enterocutaneous fistula is complex and means engagement for long periods, both in hospital and in home-based healthcare. Regular team meetings of the multidisciplinary team, careful planning before discharge and providing person-centred care can facilitate the care process.
Wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (Wave-CAIPI): Accelerating speed for the MRI-based diagnosis of enhancing intracranial lesions compared to magnetization-prepared gradient echo
Authors: Oh Hyunji , Yim Younghee , Chung Mi Sun , Byun Jun Soo 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
We aimed to validate the diagnostic performance of accelerated post-contrast magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) using wave–controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (Wave-CAIPI) for enhancing intracranial lesions, compared with conventional MPRAGE.

Methods
A total of 233 consecutive patients who underwent post-contrast Wave-CAIPI and conventional MPRAGE (scan time: 2 min 39 s vs. 4 min 30 s) were retrospectively evaluated. Two radiologists independently assessed whole images for the presence and diagnosis of enhancing lesions. The diagnostic performance for non-enhancing lesions, quantitative parameters (diameter of enhancing lesions, signal-to-noise ratio [SNR], contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR], and contrast rate), qualitative parameters (grey-white matter differentiation and conspicuity of enhancing lesions), and image qualities (overall image quality and motion artifacts) were also surveyed. The weighted kappa and percent agreement were used to evaluate the diagnostic agreement between the two sequences.

Results
Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE achieved significantly high agreement for the detection (98.7%[460/466], κ = 0.965) and diagnosis (97.8%[455/466], κ = 0.955) of enhancing intracranial lesions with conventional MPRAGE in pooled analysis. Detection and diagnosis of non-enhancing lesions (97.6% and 96.9% agreement), and diameter of enhancing lesions (P>0.05) also demonstrated high agreements between two sequences. Although Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE show lower SNR (P<0.01) than conventional MRAGE, it fulfilled comparable CNR (P = 0.486) and higher contrast rate (P<0.01). The qualitative parameters show similar value (P>0.05). The overall image quality was slightly poor, however, motion artifacts were better in Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE (both P = 0.005).

Conclusion
Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE provides reliable diagnostic performance for enhancing intracranial lesions within half of the scan time compared with conventional MPRAGE.
The economic burden of antibiotic resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Poudel Ak Narayan , Zhu Shihua , Cooper Nicola , Little Paul , Tarrant Carolyn , Hickman Matthew , Yao Guiqing 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAntibiotic resistance (ABR) has substantial global public health concerns. This systematic review aimed to synthesise recent evidence estimating the economic burden of ABR, characterised by study perspectives, healthcare settings, study design, and income of the countries.MethodsThis systematic review included peer-reviewed articles from PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, and grey literature on the topic of the economic burden of ABR, published between January 2016 and December 2021. The study was reported in line with ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’ (PRISMA). Two reviewers independently screened papers for inclusion first by title, then abstract, and then the full text. Study quality was assessed using appropriate quality assessment tools. Narrative synthesis and meta-analyses of the included studies were conducted.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included in this review. Out of these studies, 69% (20/29) were conducted in high-income economies and the remainder were conducted in upper-and-middle income economies. Most of the studies were conducted from a healthcare or hospital perspective (89.6%, 26/29) and 44.8% (13/29) studies were conducted in tertiary care settings. The available evidence indicates that the attributable cost of resistant infection ranges from -US$2,371.4 to +US$29,289.1 (adjusted for 2020 price) per patient episode; the mean excess length of stay (LoS) is 7.4 days (95% CI: 3.4–11.4), the odds ratios of mortality for resistant infection is 1.844 (95% CI: 1.187–2.865) and readmission is 1.492 (95% CI: 1.231–1.807).ConclusionRecent publications show that the burden of ABR is substantial. There is still a lack of studies on the economic burden of ABR from low-income economies, and lower-middle-income economies, from a societal perspective, and in relation to primary care. The findings of this review may be of value to researchers, policymakers, clinicians, and those who are working in the field of ABR and health promotion.Systematic review registrationCRD42020193886