bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation effects on cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Yixin , Tian Minjie , Wang Tong , Wang Xixi , Wang Yingying , Shi Jingping 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive intervention that holds promise for improving cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of this therapy and the optimal TMS parameters has not reached a consensus. The purpose of the meta-analysis was to systematically discern the effectiveness of different components of TMS protocols on cognitive improvement in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.MethodsThe meta-analysis was preregistered on Prospero (registration number: CRD42022345482). PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases were used to search, screen and identify eligible studies with the following keywords: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation OR TMS OR theta burst stimulation AND Alzheimer OR Alzheimers OR Alzheimer's OR mild cognitive impairment OR MCI. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of participants with accepted standardized diagnostic criteria were searched by two authors independently. The risk of bias was assessed using an adapted Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the influential factors.ResultsA total of 21 studies and 25 trials were included in this meta-analysis. The findings revealed a significant overall cognition improvement of real stimulation compared with sham stimulation (short-term effects: SMD, 0.91; 95% CI 0.44–1.38; P &lt; 0.01; long-lasting effects: SMD, 0.91; 95% CI 0.27–1.55; P &lt; 0.01). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral cerebellums, as well as moderate frequency stimulation (5 Hz and 10 Hz) on mild and moderate cognitive impairment patients, were more effective than other TMS protocols. However, the additional application of cognitive training showed no significant improvement.ConclusionCognitive improvement effect of TMS was demonstrated in MCI and AD patients in both short-term assessment and long-lasting outcomes, and the efficiency of TMS is affected by the stimulation frequency, stimulation site, and participant characteristics. Further RCTs are needed to validate the findings of our subgroup analysis.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022345482, identifier: CRD42022345482.
Enzyme-assisted extraction, characterization, and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Potentilla anserina L.
Authors: Guo Penghui , Chen Hong , Ma Jinpu , Zhang Yuxuan , Chen Hongfu , Wei Ti , Gao Dandan , Li Jiansheng 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionPotentilla anserina (Potentilla anserina L.), also known as ginseng fruit, is a plant that can be used as both medicine and food. Potentilla anserina L. has high medical value in Chinese medicine, such as strengthening the spleen and stomach, replenishing qi and blood, and astringing hemostasis.MethodsIn this study, polysaccharides of Potentilla anserina L. were extracted from the root using an enzyme-assisted extraction method. According to the principle of Box–Behnken design, response surface methodology was designed to optimize the extraction conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and appearance of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides. The monosaccharide composition of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activities were also studied.ResultsUnder the optimal extraction conditions (the ratio of solid to liquid, 1:15; ratio of cellulase to pectinase, 1:2; extraction pH, 8.0; enzyme reaction temperature, 60°C), the extraction yield of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was 19.80 ± 0.01%, equal to the model prediction value 19.84%. The data of Fourier transform infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharide was a kind of α-pyran polysaccharide, mainly consisting of galactose, glucose, rhamnose, and arabinose. The antioxidant results showed that Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides had a strong hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 0.367 mg/mL), superoxide anion scavenging ability (IC50 = 45.017 mg/mL), and a certain degree of total reducing ability.DiscussionEnzyme-assisted extraction is an efficient method to extract Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides. The Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides could have potential use in functional foods as a natural antioxidant.
Evaluating large language models on a highly-specialized topic, radiation oncology physics
Authors: Holmes Jason , Liu Zhengliang , Zhang Lian , Ding Yuzhen , Sio Terence T. , McGee Lisa A. , Ashman Jonathan B. , Li Xiang , Liu Tianming , Shen Jiajian , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2023

PurposeWe present the first study to investigate Large Language Models (LLMs) in answering radiation oncology physics questions. Because popular exams like AP Physics, LSAT, and GRE have large test-taker populations and ample test preparation resources in circulation, they may not allow for accurately assessing the true potential of LLMs. This paper proposes evaluating LLMs on a highly-specialized topic, radiation oncology physics, which may be more pertinent to scientific and medical communities in addition to being a valuable benchmark of LLMs.MethodsWe developed an exam consisting of 100 radiation oncology physics questions based on our expertise. Four LLMs, ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), ChatGPT (GPT-4), Bard (LaMDA), and BLOOMZ, were evaluated against medical physicists and non-experts. The performance of ChatGPT (GPT-4) was further explored by being asked to explain first, then answer. The deductive reasoning capability of ChatGPT (GPT-4) was evaluated using a novel approach (substituting the correct answer with “None of the above choices is the correct answer.”). A majority vote analysis was used to approximate how well each group could score when working together.ResultsChatGPT GPT-4 outperformed all other LLMs and medical physicists, on average, with improved accuracy when prompted to explain before answering. ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) showed a high level of consistency in its answer choices across a number of trials, whether correct or incorrect, a characteristic that was not observed in the human test groups or Bard (LaMDA). In evaluating deductive reasoning ability, ChatGPT (GPT-4) demonstrated surprising accuracy, suggesting the potential presence of an emergent ability. Finally, although ChatGPT (GPT-4) performed well overall, its intrinsic properties did not allow for further improvement when scoring based on a majority vote across trials. In contrast, a team of medical physicists were able to greatly outperform ChatGPT (GPT-4) using a majority vote.ConclusionThis study suggests a great potential for LLMs to work alongside radiation oncology experts as highly knowledgeable assistants.
Autonomic and vascular function testing in collegiate athletes following SARS-CoV-2 infection: an exploratory study
Authors: Luck J. Carter , Blaha Cheryl , Cauffman Aimee , Gao Zhaohui , Arnold Amy C. , Cui Jian , Sinoway Lawrence I. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Recent studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection alters autonomic and vascular function in young, otherwise healthy, adults. However, whether these alterations exist in young competitive athletes remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the effects of COVID-19 on cardiac autonomic control and vascular function in collegiate athletes who tested positive for COVID-19, acknowledging the limitations imposed by the early stages of the pandemic.Methods: Sixteen collegiate athletes from various sports underwent a battery of commonly used autonomic and vascular function tests (23 ± 9, range: 12–44 days post-infection). Additionally, data from 26 healthy control participants were included.Results: In response to the Valsalva maneuver, nine athletes had a reduced early phase II blood pressure response and/or reduced Valsalva ratio. A depressed respiratory sinus arrhythmia amplitude was observed in three athletes. Three athletes became presyncopal during standing and did not complete the 10-min orthostatic challenge. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, when allometrically scaled to account for differences in baseline diameter, was not different between athletes and controls (10.0% ± 3.5% vs. 7.1% ± 2.4%, p = 0.058). Additionally, no differences were observed between groups when FMD responses were normalized by shear rate (athletes: 0.055% ± 0.026%/s-1, controls: 0.068% ± 0.049%/s-1, p = 0.40).Discussion: Few atypical and borderline responses to autonomic function tests were observed in athletes following an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most meaningful autonomic abnormality being the failure of three athletes to complete a 10-min orthostatic challenge. These findings suggest that some athletes may develop mild alterations in autonomic function in the weeks after developing COVID-19, while vascular function is not significantly impaired.
Perceptions and attitudes of users and non-users of mental health services concerning mental illness and services in Japan
Authors: Uchino Takashi , Fukui Eriko , Takubo Youji , Iwai Momoko , Katagiri Naoyuki , Tsujino Naohisa , Imamura Haruhiko , Fujii Chiyo , Tanaka Kuniaki , Shimizu Tetsuo , Nemoto Takahiro 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThere is a global movement to develop and implement community-based integrated mental health systems. The present study attempted to clarify the perceptions and attitudes of users and non-users of mental health services concerning mental illness and services in Japan.MethodsA new questionnaire was developed for this internet survey. Data from 500 outpatients with depression and 500 healthy subjects were sampled according to the demographics of the Japanese population.ResultsOver 90% of healthy subjects and over 70% of patients were unaware of the common age of onset or lifetime prevalence of mental illness. Over 90% of the healthy subjects and about 70% of the patients could not describe any services where they would feel comfortable discussing mental health problems. In both groups, “adolescents and young adults” were ranked first as a target population for mental health and illness policies. The top requirement for the integrated care systems was the promotion and awareness of correct knowledge of mental illness in both the healthy subjects and patients.ConclusionSocietal requirements could include disseminating correct knowledge, awareness-raising actions for society, and implementing services where people, especially young people, can easily consult and receive support in the community.
Exploring the impact of childhood maltreatment and BPD on impulsivity in crimes of passion
Authors: Jin Michelle , Wang Zhongrui , Zhou Ying , Zhong Jie 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCrimes of passion, characterized as unpremeditated impulsive aggression, have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Impulsivity, a major factor in crimes of passion, is also a common feature of various health conditions, including Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Childhood maltreatment is considered a significant precursor to BPD and is closely related to impulsivity. Although prior research has affirmed the relationship between impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, BPD, and criminal behavior, few studies have examined these variables’ interconnections within the context of crimes of passion. This study seeks to explore the relationship between childhood maltreatment, BPD, and impulsivity in crimes of passion, assessing the former’s impact on the latter.MethodOur research examined 133 crimes of passion offenders and 149 other offenders from the Shenzhen male prison in China. All 282 participants completed The Abbreviated Version of The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (ABIS), The UPPS Impulsivity Scale (Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking), The McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD), and The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).ResultsOur findings indicated that (1) crimes of passion offenders scored significantly higher in emotional neglect, physical neglect, and overall childhood maltreatment than did other offenders, and childhood maltreatment scores were notably higher in the high BPD trait group. (2) Crimes of passion offenders demonstrated significantly elevated impulsivity in attention and nonplanning scales compared to other offenders. Impulsivity scores across all scales were also significantly higher in the high BPD trait group. (3) Emotional neglect was found to significantly influence the urgency scale in crimes of passion offenders. An interaction effect was noted between physical abuse and high BPD traits, leading to increased impulsivity in crimes of passion offenders.ConclusionThis study underscores the predictive roles of childhood maltreatment and BPD in determining impulsivity within the context of crimes of passion.
A High-Sensitivity Cesium Atomic Magnetometer Based on A Cesium Spectral Lamp
Authors: Lu Yuan-Tian , Liu Lei-Song , Shi Yong-Qi , Zhao Tian , Zhu Wan-Hua , Zhang Tie-Fu , Liu Wu-Ming , Zhang Xiao-Juan 
Published: July 2023

Based on a low-noise cesium spectral lamp, a high-sensitivity self-oscillating cesium atomic magnetometer with a wide operating temperature range has been developed, solving problems with existing sensors such as a limited operating temperature range and difficult startup at low temperatures. The temperature feedback mechanism is used to make adjustments to any fluctuations in the cesium lamp’s excitation source in real time, improving the magnetometer’s stability and operating temperature range. Herein, the design and optimization of the cesium atomic magnetometer are presented, and a prototype of the magnetometer is described. The quantum limit sensitivity of the cesium atomic magnetometer is estimated by evaluating the intrinsic relaxation rate in the geomagnetic field. A test demonstrates that the cesium atomic magnetometer’s sensitivity in the geomagnetic background is around 140 fT/Hz at 1 Hz at room temperature, and the operating temperature range is from −50 °C to 70 °C, surpassing most of the commercial products of its kind in terms of sensitivity and operating temperature range.
Survivors from a Pliocene Climatic Catastrophe: Gyrodactylus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) Parasites of the Relict Fishes in the Central Asian Internal Drainage Basin of Mongolia
Authors: Lebedeva Daria , Ziętara Marek , Mendsaikhan Bud , Ermolenko Alexey , Lumme Jaakko 
Published: July 2023

We investigated the Gyrodactylus ectoparasites on relict fishes in the isolated endorheic Central Asian Internal drainage basin in Mongolia (The Hollow) and placed them into the global phylogenetic framework based on internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS). Much of the rich Pliocene lacustrine ichthyofauna is extinct. We sampled five riverine survivors: Altai osmans Oreoleuciscus humilis and O. potanini (Leuciscidae), Mongolian grayling Thymallus brevirostris (Salmonidae), and stone loaches Barbatula conilobus and B. cobdonensis (Nemacheilidae). We found eight species of the subgenus Gyrodactylus (Limnonephrotus) and four of G. (Gyrodactylus). Nine species were identified as taxa described earlier, and three were described as new. The endemic Mongolian grayling carried four species, only one of wageneri group typical to salmonids (Gyrodactylus radimi sp. nov.), two of nemachili group (G. zavkhanensis sp. nov., G. pseudonemachili Ergens and Bychowsky, 1967), and G. amurensis Akhmerov, 1952 of subgenus G. (Gyrodactylus). G. pseudonemachili was also found on osman and loach. A parasite clade typical for Nemacheilidae was overrepresented by five species (G. tayshirensis sp. nov. on Barbatula conilobus, G. mongolicus Ergens and Dulmaa, 1970, G. nemachili Bychowsky, 1936). Relaxed host specificity mentioned already by Ergens and Dulmaa was evident. In the updated global ITS phylogenies of the two freshwater-restricted subgenera, the parasites from the Mongolian relict populations assumed positions concordant with a hypothesis of multiple ancient introductions from the Euro-Siberian fauna, strong rarefaction and three cases of endemic divergence.
SAPAAN “PAPAH MAMAH” KEPADA PENGASUH DI PESANTREN ASY-SYAIBANIY: MODEL STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI ALTERNATIF KEKINIAN
Authors: Febriyanti Ayu , Dyatmika Teddy 
Published: July 2023

Dalam melakukan komunikasi tentu di dalamnya terdapat sapaan untuk memulai pembicaraan. Sapaan yang sering digunakan santri kepada pengasuh di pesantren antara lain kyai, nyai, abah, dan umi. Namun berbeda halnya dengan di Pondok Pesantren Asy-Syaibaniy Karanganyar Kabupaten Pekalongan yang menggunakan sapaan “papah” dan “mamah”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sapaan di pesantren Asy-Syaibaniy dan bagaimana penerapan sapaan tersebut berdasarkan kacamata komunikasi interpersonal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif untuk menjelaskan, mendalami dan memahami penerapan sapaan kekininan di Pesantren Asy-Syaibaniy. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa sapaan pengasuh pesantren memperngaruhi keeratan hubungan antara pengasuh dan santrinya. Sapaan “Papah” dan “Mamah” kepada pengasuh pesantren merupakan model strategi komunikasi kekinian sebagai wujud penguatan kondisi emosional para santri agar merasa nyaman terbuka kepada pengasuh sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi para santri untuk berprestasi.
Hubungan Motivasi Belajar dengan Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati Angkatan 2019
Authors: Puji Lestari Sri Maria , Supriyati Supriyati , Farich Achmad , Lestari Bella Ika 
Published: July 2023

Sejak Pandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) menyebar ke Indonesia, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Kemendikbud) meminta seluruh perguruan tinggi menghentikan sementara pembelajaran tatap muka dan merubahnya menjadi pembelajaran daring, mahasiswa diminta untuk bisa mengatur diri dalam belajar pada masa Pandemi COVID-19. Dimana Mahasiswa yang termotivasi dengan belajar untuk meraih tujuan akan melibatkan . Tujuan penelitian ini yaituapakah terdapat Hubungan motivasi belajar dengan self- regulated learning selama pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi COVID 19 pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati angkatan 2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati Angkatan 2018. Alat ukur digunakan adalah Kuesioner Skala Motivasi Belajar dan Skala Regulasi diri. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa dari 107 responden Mahasiswa Kedokteran Umun Universitas Malahayati angkatan 2019 dengan tingkat Self-regulated Learning yang tinggi sebanyak 73 orang (68,2%) serta responden yang memiliki tingkat yang Self-regulated Learning sedang sebanyak 34 orang (31,8%). Mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat Motivasi Belajar tinggi sebanyak 45 orang (42,1%) serta responden yang memiliki tingkat Motivasi Belajar sedang sebanyak 62 orang (57,9%). Kesimpulannya adalah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara motivasi belajar dan self regulated learning (SRL) selama pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemic COVID-19 pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Umum Universitas Malahayati Angkatan 2019 dengan presentase sebesar 42%.
The State of "In-between": Is it Possible to Think in Multipli­city? (Taking the Work of Georges Aperghis as an Example)
Authors: Бочихина О.Е. , Яковлева Т.О. 
Published: July 2023

Эссе представляет экспериментальное исследование, в центре которого находится вопрос: «Что значит мыслить множественностью и мыслить множественно?» Авторы обратились к творчеству Жоржа Апергиса, а также к работам философов Жиля Делёза и Феликса Гваттари в качестве методологической и терминологической базы. Использование трудов последних объясняется творческими, концептуальными и личными связями Апергиса с философами. Один из фундаментальных концептов их учения — принцип множественности — позволил охарактери­зовать мышление Апергиса. Опираясь на анализ пьес композитора, исследователи рассмотрели такие способы проявления множественности, как: принцип реа­лизации, определения, «осы и орхидеи», «и…и…и», соединения и неоднородности в музыкаль­ном языке, композиции и превращения. С помощью понятий «тело без органов», «страта», «сборка», «складка», а также состояния «между» артикулиру­ются особенности музыкального языка и композиционной логики Апергиса. В качестве примеров используются сочинения «Récitations», «Le corps à corps» и «Graffitis».
The essay is an experimental study, whose main question is: “What does it mean to think in multi­­plicity and to think in multiple ways?” The authors turn to the works of Georges Aperghis and the books of the philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari as a methodological and terminological base. The recourse to Deleuze and Guattari is justified by the creative, conceptual and personal connections which Aperghis had with the philosophers. One of the funda­mental concepts of their philosophy is the principle of mul­ti­plicity which, like other principles inextricably linked with the rhizome, made it possible to characterize the thinking of Aperghis. Drawing on the analysis of the composer’s pieces, the researchers considered seven principles of multiplicity: the reali­sation principle, the definition principle, the principle of “the wasp and the orchid” principle, the “and...and...and” principle, the principles of connection and heterogeneity in the musical language, the principle of composition and the principle of transformation. Using the philosophers' concepts “body without organs,” “stratum,” “assemblage,” “folding,” as well as the state of “in-between,” the features of Aperghis's musical language and compositional logic are articulated. Three compositions are used as examples: “Récitations,” “Le corps à corps” and “Graffitis.”
Olga Bochikhina: "While Everybody is Ready, I’m Still Preparing"
Authors: Горелик Я.А. 
Published: July 2023

Ольга Бочихина — композитор, лектор, исследователь, мультидисциплинарный художник. В то же время к каждому из этих определений, следуя эстетике Бочихиной, можно подставить частицу «не»: некомпозитор, нелектор и неисследователь. В интервью предпринята попытка раскрыть образ мышления композитора в связи с художественной практикой. В центре внимания — проекты 2022 года: творческий («Акустико-пространственные миражи»), исследовательский («Состояние “между”: можно ли мыслить множественностью?») и их взаимовлияние.
Olga Bochikhina—a composer, a lecturer, a researcher and a multidisciplinary artist. At the same time, in accordance with her aesthetics, she may be named non-composer, non-lecturer, and non-researcher. This interview attempts to reveal the composer’s mindset in connection with artistic practice. A spotlight is on projects of the 2022 year: “Acoustic-spatial Mirages” as composing project and “Position ‘In-Between’: Is It Possible to Think in Plurality” as researching project, and their mutual influence.