bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fuzzy-DEA water sustainability index: an application in European Union water risk hotspots
Authors: de Castro Pardo Mónica , Martín Martín José María , Guaita Martínez José Manuel , Ribeiro Soriano Domingo Enrique 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current global freshwater crisis threatens the present and future supply of water as a resource for humans. The scarcity of drinking water and the dependence of the food industry on water-intensive supply chains require the urgent development of strategies to analyze and guarantee the water sustainability of countries. This study proposes a fuzzy-data envelopment analysis composite index that measures, from a benchmarking approach, water sustainability by simultaneously considering capacity and resilience, and captures the uncertainty associated with time series variations in three scenarios: pessimistic, indifferent and optimistic. We present and apply an index based on five indicators of capacity and five indicators of resilience in ten European Union countries water risk hotspots. The results in terms of capacity presented a higher variability due to the strong growth in the exploitation of water resources in Greece, Spain, France, Italy and Portugal. The most sustainable countries in terms of capacity were Bulgaria and Estonia in a pessimistic and an indifferent scenario and France and Bulgaria in an optimistic scenario. In terms of resilience, Belgium and Portugal were the most sustainable countries. When considering capacity and resilience together, some countries such as Bulgaria and Estonia lost positions in the ranking, with Belgium occupying the first position. Some countries, such as Bulgaria, could see the sustainability of their water resources compromised in a scenario of economic development if they do not improve their governance and water productivity constraints.
A practical framework for the cryopreservation of palm species
Authors: Nguyen Van-Anh , Nguyen Phuong Thao , Le Minh-An , Bazrafshan Amirhossein , Sisunandar Sisunandar , Kalaipandian Sundaravelpandian , Adkins Steve W. , Nguyen Quang Thien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPalms (Arecaceae) contribute remarkable economic and environmental values to human life. However, many elite and commercial palm species are becoming critically endangered and demand immediate action to preserve their genetic resources. Cryopreservation has established itself as the definitive in vitro conservation method for recalcitrant-seeded species, such as those within the Arecaceae. Progress in this area has moved steadily forward over the last three decades with the development of various techniques for different explants and palm genotypes and for molecular testing methods to ensure genetic fidelity is maintained in the regenerants. There remains a key challenge to properly identify the components that will enable the long-term conservation of palms using cryopreservation. This review methodically analyzes the state-of-the-art cryopreservation techniques developed for palms and places them within a practical framework. This framework encompasses four underlying components, namely the tissue culture approaches required, the recalcitrant nature of the palm seed, the cryobiology and cryogenic techniques required, and fidelity assessment after cryopreservation. Through a critical analysis of this framework, further optimization of palm cryopreservation protocols and more fundamental studies on the physiological and molecular changes in cryopreserved palm tissues are recommended. The present review helps to showcase a multi-decade global attempt to preserve these mostly recalcitrant species through ex situ collections. From a conservationist’s perspective, this review hopes to stimulate awareness for further concerted efforts in the conservation of rare and endangered plant families. Meanwhile, from a managerial perspective, this work serves to inform decision-makers of the global research effort underway to improve key components of the cryopreservation program for palm species and to encourage funding bodies to appropriately allocate resources to these much-needed research areas.
Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of High-Carbon Ferrochrome Production
Authors: Wei Wenjing , Samuelsson Peter B. , Jönsson Pär G. , Gyllenram Rutger , Glaser Björn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work presents a process model developed based on mass and energy conservation to assess high carbon ferrochrome production from cradle to gate through four supply routes: (1) a conventional submerged arc furnace (SAF), (2) a closed submerged arc furnace with preheating (CSAF+PH), (3) a closed submerged arc furnace with 60% prereduction (CSAF+PR60%) and (4) a direct-current arc furnace (DCAF). The energy requirements are between 40 and 59 GJ/t FeCr (74–111 GJ/t Cr), and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions range between 1.8 and 5.5 tCO2-eq/t FeCr (3.3–10.3 tCO2-eq/t Cr). The upgrading of coal-powered SAF process to a closed furnace CSAF+PH and CSAF+PR60% contributes to an emission reduction of 23% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, the use of hydro-powered electricity leads to a further emission reduction of 68% and 47%, respectively. For CSAF+PR process, the GHG emissions can be reduced by 14% when increasing the pre-reduction ratio from 30% to 80% and decreased by 10% when charging hotter feed from 100 °C to 1000 °C. The proposed process model is feasible in generating site-specific inventory data and allowing for parameter studies as well as supporting companies to improve the transparency of the environmental performance in the FeCr value chain.
Nurturing Italian Geo-palaeontological Heritage with Virtual Palaeontology: Preliminary Report of Its Application in Two Natural History Museums
Authors: Bartolini-Lucenti Saverio , Rook Lorenzo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, we present a preliminary report on the use of virtual palaeontology methodologies in two natural history museums in central Italy, the Geology and Paleontology Museum of Florence and the Civic Museum of Natural Sciences of Faenza. Despite the differences between the museums (in terms of history, type and size of the collections, etc.), the use of surface and computed tomography (CT) scans has allowed the acquisition of a consistent amount of data to create digital copies of selected specimens and to plan several future projects sparked from the use of these methodologies. Our first step focused on the selection of the scanning sample: type and historically relevant specimen in the case of the Florence museum, and fragile and relevant specimens for the Faenza museum from a local yet internationally known site, Cava Monticino, dated to the Late Miocene. The scanning techniques included the use of three high-resolution scanners, with different specifications, to acquire surface data and a medical scanner to obtain CT scans. The outputs of the surface scans were excellent digital copies of the specimens, whereas tomography allowed the first investigations and visualisations of the presence of embedded bones in the fossiliferous blocks of Cava Monticino. The resulting 3D and raw data represent invaluable resources that the two museums are currently planning to implement in their exhibitions using digital visualisation devices and techniques (e.g. AR web apps, touchscreens) or 3D-printed touchable specimens.
Gezondheidsbevordering bij mensen met een psychische aandoening en/of licht verstandelijke beperking vraagt visie, scholing en samenwerking van sociaal werkers en verpleegkundigen
Authors: Brunekreeft-Budding Arina , van den Berg-van Haaften Gerda , Oversluizen-van Rijn Nellie , Noordegraaf Martine , Kroeze Willemieke 
Published: March 2023

SamenvattingHet belang van gezondheidsbevordering bij mensen met een psychische aandoening en/of een licht verstandelijke beperking in de langdurige zorg is groot. De sociaal werker en verpleegkundige hebben beiden een rol in gezondheidsbevordering bij deze doelgroep. Uit praktijksignalen blijkt dat professionals hierin knelpunten ervaren. Literatuuronderzoek naar deze knelpunten leverde geen resultaten op. Om te onderzoeken welke knelpunten professionals tegenkomen in het werken aan gezondheidsbevordering in de ambulante setting, is aan de hand van zes interviews een verkennend kwalitatief onderzoek uitgevoerd. De resultaten geven inzicht in persoonlijke en omgevingsfactoren die een rol spelen, in het spanningsveld dat professionals ervaren tussen eigen regie en professionele verantwoordelijkheid, in de wisselende aandacht die gezondheidsbevordering krijgt vanuit de organisatie en in de begeleiding van de professionals. In het algemeen wordt gezondheidsbevordering gerelateerd aan fysieke gezondheid, wat vragen oproept over de kennis over gezondheidsbevordering en de (brede) visie op gezondheid. Ook geeft het onderzoek inzicht in de knelpunten die in de samenwerking worden ervaren, onder andere de uitdaging om als professional aan de juiste informatie te komen, het geringe contact met andere disciplines en het samenwerken binnen de versnipperde financieringsstructuren. Dit verkennende onderzoek geeft het signaal dat meer praktijkgericht onderzoek naar gezondheidsbevordering bij deze doelgroep nodig is.
Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater resources in Wadi Araba Basin, Southern Jordan
Authors: El-Naqa Ali , Al Adas Amani Abu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGroundwater quality is an important factor that determines its usage for drinking and irrigational use. This study was carried out along the quaternary alluvial aquifer which extends along Wadi Araba groundwater basins, in southern Jordan. Chemical and physical parameters were measured and analyzed for thirty-seven groundwater samples collected from twenty-one wells in the study area during two periods in the year 2019; the spring season (April–May) was represented by fourteen samples and the autumn season (August–September) represented by twenty-three samples were collected to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigational purposes. The groundwater in the study area is generally of low alkalinity with an average pH value of less than 8 for both spring and autumn seasons. The water of the area is excessively mineralized due to salinity, and the increase in water salinity of the southern Wadi Araba basin is less expressed than in the northern part. The hydrochemical characterization shows that most wells of the study area are characterized by HCO3–Ca–Mg and HCO3–SO4–Ca–Mg types in the eastern escarpments of Wadi Araba (i.e., recharge area) and Cl–SO4–Na and Cl–Na types in the discharge area. There is no substantial change in the hydrochemical composition during the two seasons. Based on the Piper diagram, most of the groundwater samples (91.8%) belong to class “E” as “earth alkaline water with increased portions of alkalis with prevailing sulfate and chloride.” The Durov diagram reveals that most groundwater samples (62.2%) lay in the water genesis “field 6” which indicates that the water may be related to the reverse ion exchange of Na–Cl. The chemical composition of the water samples was compared with the drinking water standards of the World Health Organization and the Jordanian Standard. Groundwater from this area was not suitable to be a source for direct drinking based on total hardness and total dissolved solids. The dominant cation is sodium, while the dominant anion is chloride. The calculations of saturation indices for the two sampling campaigns for different minerals showed negative values of (SI) for carbonates minerals (anhydrite, gypsum, sylvite, and halite). This suggests that the groundwater in the alluvial aquifer is undersaturated with respect to these minerals in most of the study area. This is indicative of the fact that these minerals are undergoing the process of dissolution. The mineral saturation indices suggest that the dominating hydrochemical processes were dissolutions of evaporite minerals (halite and gypsum), carbonate minerals (such as calcite, dolomite, and rhodochrosite), the manganese oxide minerals (such as jarosite-K, hausmannite, pyrochroite, and pyrolusite) and reverse ion exchange.
Feasibility of Integrating Bimetallic Au-Ag Non-Alloys Nanoparticles Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide Photodetector
Authors: Rohizat Nurul Syazwani , Mohamad Ismail Muhammad Nur Syafiq , Ahmad Fahri Muhammad Aiman Saufi , Tan Chee Leong , Zakaria Rozalina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo coordinate the resonant wavelength of the plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs), the emission band of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) photodetector at the NIR-region is crucial for the optimal plasmon-enhanced luminescence in the device. In contrast to monometallic NPs, where limits the dimensions and extended resonant wavelength, we integrated an Au-Ag bimetallic NPs (BMNPs) to enable resonance tuning at the longer wavelength at the excitation source of 785 nm. These features showed an increase in radiative recombination rates as well as the quantum yield efficiency of the device. The BMNPs were produced from the dewetting process of 600 °C and 500 °C, both at 1 min after the deposition thickness layer of Au (8 nm) and Ag (10 nm) on the Si substrate using the electron-beam evaporation process. Our BMNPs-rGO photodetector exhibited the responsivity of 2.25 · A W−1, Jones of specific detectivity of 2.45×1011Jones, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 356%. The rise time and fall time for the photodetector were 32 ns and 186 ns, respectively. This work provided an essential information to enable the versatile plasmon-enhanced application in 2-dimensional (2D) material optoelectronic devices.
Influence of the WAAM process and design aspects on residual stresses in high-strength structural steels
Authors: Wandtke K. , Schroepfer D. , Scharf-Wildenhain R. , Haelsig A. , Kannengiesser T. , Kromm A. , Hensel J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables the efficient production of weight-optimized modern engineering structures. Further increases in efficiency can be achieved by using high-strength structural steels. Commercial welding consumables for WAAM are already available on the market. Lack of knowledge and guidelines regarding welding residual stress and component safety during production and operation leads to severely limited use for industry applications. The sensitive microstructure of high-strength steels carries a high risk of cold cracking; therefore, residual stresses play a crucial role. For this reason, the influences of the material, the WAAM process, and the design on the formation of residual stresses and the risk of cold cracking are being investigated. The material used has a yield strength of over 800 MPa. This strength is adjusted via solid solution strengthening and a martensitic phase transformation. The volume expansion associated with martensite formation has a significant influence on the residual stresses. The focus of the present investigation is on the additive welding parameters and component design on their influence on hardness and residual stresses, which are analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Reference specimens (hollow cuboids) are welded fully automated with a systematic variation of heat control and design. Welding parameters and AM geometry are correlated with the resulting microstructure, hardness, and residual stress state. Increased heat input leads to lower tensile residual stresses which causes unfavorable microstructure and mechanical properties. The component design affects heat dissipation conditions and the intensity of restraint during welding and has a significant influence on the residual stress.
Synergy between ketamine and ketogenic diet in anorexia nervosa, and other neurobehavioral disorders
Authors: Scolnick Barbara , Beckwith Caroline 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThrough serendipity, we observed an apparent synergy between adopting a ketogenic diet and receiving ketamine infusions that led to complete and durable remission in two patients with chronic enduring anorexia nervosa. Both patients had struggled with the disorder for over a decade. We offer a hypothesis, based on glutamate to explain this synergy, and hope it stimulates further research.
Review of the evolution and prevention of friction, wear, and noise for water-lubricated bearings used in ships
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Ouyang Wu , Liang Xingxin , Yan Xinping , Yuan Chengqin , Zhou Xincong , Guo Zhiwei , Dong Conglin , Liu Zhenglin , Jin Yong , Xiao Jinhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the development of green tribology in the shipping industry, the application of water lubrication gradually replaces oil lubrication in stern bearings and thrust bearings. In terms of large-scale and high-speed ships, water-lubricated bearings with high performance are more strictly required. However, due to the lubricating medium, water-lubricated bearings have many problems such as friction, wear, vibration, noise, etc. This review focuses on the performance of marine water-lubricated bearings and their failure prevention mechanism. Furthermore, the research of marine water-lubricated bearings is reviewed by discussing its lubrication principle, test technology, friction and wear mechanism, and friction noise generation mechanism. The performance enhancement methods have been overviewed from structure optimization and material modification. Finally, the potential problems and the perspective of water-lubricated bearings are given in detail.
Professional Identity and Motivation for Medical School in First-Year Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Faihs Valentina , Heininger Susanne , McLennan Stuart , Gartmeier Martin , Berberat Pascal O. , Wijnen-Meijer Marjo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Professional identity formation (PIF) is a life-long process, starting even before professional education. High levels of motivation for medical school are essential for effective learning and academic success. Both are key factors in future physicians’ professional and personal development, and according to self-determination theory, professional identity (PI) and students’ levels of motivation could be closely linked. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether PI and strength of motivation for medical school are associated in new medical students.

Methods
In a cross-sectional survey, all new medical students in Munich, Germany, were asked to complete the Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale (MCPIS-9) and the Strength of Motivation for Medical School-Revised questionnaire (SMMS-R) as well as to provide information about age, gender, and waiting time before starting medical school.

Results
Eight hundred eleven out of 918 new medical students participated in the survey. A positive correlation between the MCPIS-9 and the SMMS-R (p < 0.001) was found. Female students showed higher scores in the SMMS-R (p < 0.05) and the SMMS-R-subscale Readiness to Start (p < 0.001). The amount of waiting semesters showed a positive correlation with the total SMMS-R score (p < 0.01) as well as with the subscales Readiness to Start and Persistence (both p < 0.001).

Discussion
We found an association between PI and strength of motivation for medical school in a large cohort of new medical students. Female gender and more waiting semesters were associated with higher levels of self-perceived motivation and higher scores on the SMMS-R-subscale Readiness to Start. More research is needed to better understand this topic to further improve medical education.
Design and Performance Study of an Ultrasonic Bone Scalpel with Composite Horn Structure
Authors: Wu Jieping , Yang Yong , Yang Zhao , Chen Cong , Huang Shuai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The ultrasonic bone scalpel was often used in all kinds of clinical orthopedic surgery as a new type of medical instrument. Based on the working theory of the ultrasonic bone scalpel and combined with the design method of a quarter wavelength transducer and horn, this study proposed an optimization design method for the ultrasonic bone scalpel with a composite horn structure. The structure of the ultrasonic bone scalpel was simplified, and its length was shortened. Finite element analysis, modal analysis, and harmonic response analysis were used to optimize the design of the ultrasonic bone scalpel. The performance of the ultrasonic bone scalpel was explored through impedance analysis, amplitude measurement, temperature measurement, and cutting tests, and the feasibility of the design was verified through torque analysis. The results showed that when the torque force was 4.0 N, the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic bone scalpel was 30,540 Hz, and the maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic bone scalpel could reach 62 μm. After spray cooling, the maximum surface temperature of the rear end cover was reduced from 51.8 to 36.3 ℃, the maximum surface temperature of the composite horn was reduced from 71 to 45.3 ℃, and the maximum surface temperature of the cutter head was reduced from 101 to 46.1 ℃, demonstrating a good cooling effect. Under 89 Voltage, the optimal cutting force for cutting chicken leg bones was 0.1 N, the optimal cutting force for cutting pork ribs was 0.3 N, and the cutting process showed tissue selectivity.
Interaction of the fundamental frequencies of a torsional cantilever nanobeam and spring mass system single degree of freedom (SDOF) under axial load, including buckling
Authors: Moutlana Malesela K. , Adali Sarp 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study we present the interactions of the fundamental frequencies of a nanomanufacturing coupled system by exploring the natural frequencies of the subsystems. These nanomanufacturing subsystems function in concert, e.g., a cantilever beam with spring-mass. The individual subsystems are studied under free vibration to generate the natural and buckling frequencies. These subsystems, when under free vibration, generate unique local natural frequencies that interact to form a unique global natural frequency. This allows for greater control and improved sensitivity for scanning and shaping nano surfaces, by allowing selective variation of the local frequency of one system to influence the global system frequencies. In this investigation, a nanobeam with arbitrary boundary conditions is used to model the system and the effects on the parameters of interest are studied. Euler–Bernoulli theory is applied in conjunction with Eringen’s theory of nonlocal continuum theory to model the small-scale effects due to the size of the beam under consideration. The coupled equations are solved using separation of variables for the local and global frequencies. The nanobeam is restrained with an adjustable torsional spring and pin at one end. The boundary condition at the free end is a spring-mass system with axial load. Altering the torsional, transverse spring stiffness and mass increases or decreases the natural frequencies. The motions of the beam and the tip-mass generates a frequency response during contact interactions. The tip response frequency is used to determine the maximum displacements (penetration depth) and accelerations (contact forces) in a sample during nanomanufacturing.