bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ansty Noise Facility—its Design, Instrumentation and Future Commitments
Authors: Flintoff J. L. 
Published: March 2023

My connections with,the helicopter industry covered a period of some ten years, working principally on the jet reaction rotorcraft Fairey Rotodyne, and my only regret about this exceptional aircraft was that it never entered airline service. VTOL/STOL projects currently being bandied around today for civil use appear to'have made very slow progress in noise reduction since that time.It was on this aircraft that I really got to grips with the noise problem, and with this experience behind me, my present task with Rolls-Royce became much more invigorating and refreshing. If for no other reason than, if you generate the noise, you are the principal agency which is required to set about removing it.My present paper is really a factual presentation of the Ansty Noise Facility and its relationship with the general lowering of sound levels of the next generation of gas turbine engines. It is therefore slanted more to the fixed wing CTOL type of aircraft powerplant, although VTOL/STOL applications are now being studied at scale size.
The Impact of VTOL Aircraft on Airport Design and Development
Authors: Chichester-Miles I. , Romer D. R. M. 
Published: March 2023

I would like to make this talk as non-provocative as possible. I want to talk about VTOL: I do not want to compare VTOL with STOL, although it is necessary to make a comparison with ordinary aeroplanes because one must have an economic datum.Hawker Siddeley's interest in VTOL, or more properly V/STOL, arises at least partly from experience on the Harrier. Unlike the Harrier, future civil aircraft will of course need to have multiple engines of very low jet velocity, for low noise and safety. These VTOL elements have however already been demonstrated in flight separately (on such aircraft as the SC-1, Dornier Do31 and Ryan XV-5) but not yet together. From what we know about the trends of engine technology, and from a fairly intensive project and research programme on civil V/STOL over the past few years, we have arrived at V/STOL designs with operating costs and noise characteristics rather better than those suggested by BAC. However, I think we would agree with a very great deal of what Mr. Quick has said about STOL. In our view, VTOL and STOL are by no means mutually exclusive … there is likely to be a future market for all kinds of aeroplanes whether they are STOL, V/STOL, RTOL, CTOL, or whatever.
Effect of Environmental Forces on the Attitude Dynamics of Gravity Orientated Satellites
Authors: Modi V. J. , Flanagan R. C. 
Published: March 2023

In addition to direct solar radiation, this paper includes the effect of direct earth radiation, its albedo and shadow on the attitude dynamics of gravity orientated systems, thus extending the analysis of Part I down to the earth's effective atmosphere. The importance of these radiations was indicated by a preliminary force analysis, which revealed that they can exert a force comparable to that of direct solar radiation for close earth satellites. Thus, the need for a rigorous investigation including the effect of earth radiations on satellite attitude dynamics is evident.Earth radiation forces were obtained in integral form by Clancy and Mitchell using elementary radiation principles. However, in a test on an IBM-7044 digital computer, it was found that the time required to evaluate these integrals renders a study of satellite attitude dynamics virtually impossible.
Some experimental results of the effect of a streamwise vortex on a two-dimensional wing
Authors: Patel M. H. , Hancock Q. J. 
Published: March 2023

A problem of some practical importance concerns the interference between a wing surface in a free stream and a nearby streamwise vortex. This situation can arise for example, either in a helicopter rotor system, or when concentrated vortices, which are shed from a fuselage nose or from forward canard controls, interfere with an aft lifting surface.An approximate non-linear analytical study is described in Ref. 1 in which the three-dimensional loading on a two-dimensional non-swept wing underneath a streamwise line vortex in low speed flow (as shown in Fig. 1) is deduced. Since publication of Ref. 1 a number of linearised theoretical studies have come to light.
The Missing Link? Western Communists as Mediators Between the East German FDGB, the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), and African Trade Unions in the Late 1950s and Early 1960s
Authors: Harisch Immanuel R. , Burton Eric 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the interstices of Cold War rivalries and anti-colonial agitation in late 1950s Africa, African workers came into the focus of African nationalist politicians, Western leftists, colonial regimes and state socialist states alike. They were a small, but influential group, increasingly organized in trade unions and capable of bringing whole economies to a halt. European communists on both sides of the Iron Curtain saw these workers not only as part of an inceptive working class but also debated their role as a potential key force in global anti-capitalist revolution – if they had the right concepts. But how could trade union representatives, particularly those ones from Eastern Europe, actually get in touch with their African counterparts? Based on archival materials of the East German Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), this article discusses East-West-South connections in labor education with a special emphasis on the role of Western trade union officials working for or affiliated to the communist-dominated World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). Drawing on their international experience, personal networks and linguistic skills, French and British communists established and intensified links between African trade unions and WFTU affiliates like the FDGB in the 1950s and early 1960s. Their influence facilitated and shaped these East-South connections. First, through their networks in West Africa, Western communists enabled the WFTU and the FDGB to internationalize their concepts of trade union education and integrate it into African political structures. Secondly, we examine the African Workers’ University in Conakry, an East-West-South joint venture between the West African Union Générale des Travailleurs d'Afrique Noire (UGTAN) and the WFTU, where trade unionists from the entire African continent attended courses between 1960 and 1965 and where European communists broadened their horizons while often holding on to rigid views. Thirdly, the article examines how European trade union functionaries talked about African course participants behind closed doors—building on the transcripts from a 1963 WFTU gathering on education for African trade unionists. Emphasizing their insider knowledge, French communists with experience in African trade union education called for innovative pedagogical concepts including a more practice-related education which acknowledged the heterogeneous conditions in different countries. However, they also promoted Eurocentric stage theories and saw a need to “discipline” Africans. The article concludes that the cooperation between actors from East, West and South rested on some shared assumptions, but encounters also led to reconceptualizations and realizations of ideological and practical constraints in international labor education.
Compressed Modernity in Taiwan: Fathers as the Sole Influencers on National Identity
Authors: Chang Yun-Tzu , Fong Eric 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany studies point to the importance of parents in shaping the ethnic and/or political identity of their offspring. However, there is a lack of consensus on the pattern of influence of fathers and mothers in the process of political socialization. While studies in the United States and Japan show the mother to be more influential than the father in transferring political identity to children, studies in China show that both parents have equal importance. We suggest that these differences are owing to different trajectories of modernization. Using Taiwan as a case study and drawing on the theory of compressed modernity, we demonstrate how compressed modernization generates a different shift in the pattern of parental political socialization. We show that before Taiwan's experience of compressed modernization, both parents influenced children's sense of Taiwanese-ness, while only the father was influential after compressed modernization. We also show the significance of a macro-level perspective for explaining differences in the micro-level socialization perspective.
An EEG-based method to decode cognitive factors in creative processes
Authors: Yin Yuan , Zuo Haoyu , Childs Peter R. N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeurotechnology has been applied to gain insights on creativity-related cognitive factors. Prior research has identified relations between cognitive factors and creativity qualitatively; while quantitative relations, such as the relative importance of cognitive factors and creativity, have not been fully determined. Therefore, taking the creative design process as an example, this study using electroencephalography (EEG) aims to objectively identify how creativity-related cognitive factors of retrieval, recall, association, and combination contribute to creativity. The theoretical basis for an EEG-based decoding method to objectively identify which cognitive factors occur in a creative process is developed. Thirty participants were recruited for a practical study to verify the reliability of the decoding method. Based on the methodology, relationships between the relative importance level of the cognitive factor and creative output quality levels were detected. Results indicated that the occurrence of recall and association are reported with a high reliability level by the decoding method. The results also indicated that association is the dominant cognitive factor for higher creative output quality levels. Recall is the dominant cognitive factor for lower creative output quality levels.
Short-term impact of an extreme weather event on the threatened Dupont’s LarkChersophilus duponti
Authors: Pérez-Granados Cristian , Bota Gerard , Gómez-Catasús Julia , Pla Magda , Barrero Adrián , Sáez-Gómez Pedro , Reverter Margarita , López-Iborra Germán M. , Giralt David , Bustillo-de la Rosa Daniel , Zurdo Julia , Traba Juan 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe frequency and intensity of extreme weather events represent a threat for biological diversity and are expected to increase in many regions over the following decades due to climate change. Our current knowledge about the impact of extreme weather events on the population dynamics of bird species is very limited. Here, we evaluated the impact of an extreme winter snowstorm on the abundance of 14 populations of the threatened Dupont’s LarkChersophilus duponti, a resident bird whose European population is restricted to Spain. We found a drastic and significant population decline in the next reproductive season following the extreme weather event. During the control period (2017–2020) the species suffered an overall annual decline of 19.4% (±5.0, SE). However, the overall annual decline after the storm was 67.6% (±9.4, period 2019–2021), with a mean decline of 66.5% (±15.9) for seven populations monitored both the year before and the year after the snowstorm (period 2020–2021). The snow covered the ground for over 10 days in central and eastern Spain, which together with a subsequent extreme cold wave could have reduced the species ability to find food resources and properly thermoregulate, forcing the species to move to unknown areas. Indeed a few days after the storm, several individuals were reported in areas typically avoided. Such displacements may increase the mortality risk for dispersing individuals, besides the direct effects of the extreme cold event, such as thermal challenges to energy balance or a reduced immune function. We discuss the potential role that extreme weather events may have on the population dynamics and conservation of the species.
Social Security safety net with rare event risk
Authors: Cottle Hunt Erin , Caliendo Frank N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe US Social Security program was created in part as an explicit response to the Great Depression. We evaluate the performance of Social Security as a protective safety net against a rare episode of sudden and significant loss of private wealth such as the Great Depression. We construct a model in which a rare event causes a shock to wealth at an unknown time. How well does Social Security function as a safety net against such risk? The answer depends critically on whether households optimize in the face of this risk. If the household has full information on the distribution of rare event risk and solves a dynamic stochastic problem to hedge this risk, then Social Security is unnecessary along this dimension. Alternatively, if the household does not account for rare event risk in its financial planning, then Social Security can provide very large welfare gains as a safety net.
Developing a post-stroke home care checklist for primary care professionals in Turkey: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Akgül Esra , Çifçili Serap , Apaydın Kaya Çiğdem 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAim:The aim of this study is to develop a post-stroke home care checklist for the use of primary care professionals.Background:Home care is an integral part of primary health care. In the literature, several scales are available to help determine elderly individuals’ need for home care services; however, there are no standard care criteria or guidelines for the home care of stroke survivors. Therefore, a standardized post-stroke home care tool specific for use by primary care professionals is needed to identify patients’ needs and to detect intervention areas.Methods:This is a checklist development study carried out between December 2017 and September 2018 in Turkey. A modified Delphi technique was used. In the first stage of the study, a literature review was carried out, a workshop was conducted with healthcare specialists in the stroke area, and a 102-item draft checklist was created. In the second stage, two written Delphi rounds were carried out via email with 16 healthcare professionals providing post-stroke home care. In stage three, the agreed items were reviewed, and similar items were grouped together to create the final checklist.Findings:A consensus was achieved in 93 of the 102 items. The final checklist, consisting of four main themes and 15 headings, was created. The four main areas of assessment in post-stroke home care are ‘assessment of current status’, ‘identification of risks’, ‘evaluation of the care environment and caregiver’, and ‘planning follow-up care’. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the checklist was found to be 0.93. In conclusion, the PSHCC-PCP is the first checklist created to be used by primary care professionals in post-stroke home care. However, it needs to be assessed in terms of effectiveness and usefulness with further studies.
Technical and Economic Irrigation Potentials Within Land and Water Boundaries
Authors: Beier Felicitas Dorothea , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Heinke Jens , Karstens Kristine , Dietrich Jan Philipp , Müller Christoph , Stenzel Fabian , von Jeetze Patrick José , Popp Alexander , Lotze‐Campen Hermann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo satisfy the increasing global demand for agricultural products, the expansion of irrigation is an important intensification measure. At the same time, unsustainable water abstractions and cropland expansion pose a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Irrigation potentials are influenced by local biophysical irrigation water availability and competition of different water users. Using a novel hydro‐economic data processing routine that considers economic criteria of water allocation via a productivity ranking of grid cells and both land and water sustainability criteria, we estimate global irrigation potentials at a 0.5° spatial resolution. We show that there is considerable technical potential to expand irrigation within local water and land boundaries. In terms of potentially irrigated areas on all global land suitable for crop production, 2,144 Mha could be irrigated within land and water environmental boundaries when only considering biophysical criteria. However, not all of these areas would actually be irrigated under consideration of irrigation costs. Of these, only 698 Mha (330 Mha) have a yield gain of more than 300 (600) USD ha−1 under the current crop mix valued at their current commodity price (economic irrigation potential).
Robust Changes in North America's Hydroclimate Variability and Predictability
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Dewes Candida F. , Newman Matthew , Duan Yanan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change adaptation planning requires a robust understanding of the projected change in hydroclimate variability and predictability. We use two large ensemble data sets to quantify the projected change in land hydroclimate variability and its potential predictability. Additionally, we use a “reddened El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)” framework that partitions annually averaged root‐zone soil moisture variability into ENSO, land surface memory, and internal variability to understand drivers of the changes in hydroclimate variability and predictability. Even when global warming is projected to increase ENSO and its teleconnected precipitation variability over North America, we find that the corresponding change in soil moisture variability is relatively small and even decreases. This counter‐intuitive result occurs since there is also a concurrent projected reduction in land surface memory due to global warming, which leads to reduced year‐to‐year persistence of soil moisture variability. Further, we find that regional mean state land surface (soil moisture) changes primarily drive future drought and pluvial risks, suggesting that infrastructure planning can incorporate robust mean state changes despite uncertainty in the variability projections. For the regions and in the models where the ENSO signal increases, we also find a concomitant shift in the frequency of drought and pluvial events, with higher power on inter‐annual time scales but less power on decadal time scales, enhancing inter‐annual hydroclimate predictability.
Quantifying the Spatial Representativeness of Carbon Flux Footprints of a Grassland Ecosystem in the Semi‐Arid Region
Authors: Gong Haixing , Wang Yanyu , Wang Guoyin , Gao Yuqiu , Li Guo , Kuang Zexing , Zhuo Xianwang , Bi Jianrong , Wang Peng , Wang Weijie , Cheng Tiantao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantifying the single‐site representativeness of carbon flux footprints plays a crucial role in land‐atmosphere interaction, especially in semi‐arid regions with high‐frequency turbulence. In this study, we used multi‐platform datasets, including observational data derived from the eddy covariance flux monitoring systems of the Semi‐Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) and multivariate satellite remote sensing, to explore the distribution characteristics of carbon flux footprints during 2007–2016, using a Flux Footprint Prediction model. The relative importance of atmospheric boundary layer factors and vegetation factors on the area of carbon flux footprints was quantified by correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression, and random forest. Physical mechanisms affecting the differences in the spatial distribution of carbon flux footprints were also analyzed. The results show that the carbon flux footprints are usually distributed on the prevailing wind side of the station, whose main contributing source area is the relatively flat grassland at the summit range of SACOL, with a spatial representativeness of 67.4–507.2 m in length and 54,982–105,329 m2 in area. Mechanism studies have shown that the frictional velocity, vegetation Index, atmospheric instability parameters, and wind speed have significant importance on the area of carbon flux footprints due to dynamic and thermal forcing, with frictional velocity being dominant, while wind direction has a major effect on the profile shape. This study provides references for the representativeness of site fluxes for semi‐arid regions dominated by grassland ecosystems where observations are often scarce.
Multi‐Source Mapping of Peatland Types Using Sentinel‐1, Sentinel‐2, and Terrain Derivatives—A Comparison Between Five High‐Latitude Landscapes
Authors: Karlson Martin , Bastviken David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMapping wetland types in northern‐latitude regions with Earth Observation (EO) data is important for several practical and scientific applications, but at the same time challenging due to the variability and dynamic nature in wetland features introduced by differences in geophysical conditions. The objective of this study was to better understand the ability of Sentinel‐1 radar data, Sentinel‐2 optical data and terrain derivatives derived from Copernicus digital elevation model to distinguish three main peatland types, two upland classes, and surface water, in five contrasting landscapes located in the northern parts of Alaska, Canada and Scandinavia. The study also investigated the potential benefits for classification accuracy of using regional classification models constructed from region‐specific training data compared to a global classification model based on pooled reference data from all five sites. Overall, the results show high promise for classifying peatland types and the three other land cover classes using the fusion approach that combined all three EO data sources (Sentinel‐1, Sentinel‐2 and terrain derivatives). Overall accuracy for the individual sites ranged between 79.7% and 90.3%. Class specific accuracies for the peatland types were also high overall but differed between the five sites as well as between the three classes bog, fen and swamp. A key finding is that regional classification models consistently outperformed the global classification model by producing significantly higher classification accuracies for all five sites. This suggests for progress in identifying effective approaches for continental scale peatland mapping to improve scaling of for example, hydrological‐ and greenhouse gas‐related processes in Earth system models.