bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Tumor Deposits in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer:
using Multiplanar High-Resolution T2WI
Authors: Lv Baohua , Cheng Xiaojuan , Cheng Yanling , Wang Zhaohua , Jin Erhu 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The prognosis of postoperative tumor deposits (TDs) is worse than positive lymph node metastases alone.

Objective:
To detect TDs by using multiplanar high-resolution T2-weighted imaging (HRT2WI).

Material and Methods:
This retrospective study enrolled 130 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Using pathology-proven tumor deposits (pTDs) as the gold standard, all patients were divided into the pTDs-negative and pTDs-positive groups, the correlation of clinicopathological factors and image features [such as MRI-detected tumor deposits (mTDs), MRI-detected metastatic lymph node (mLN), MRI-detected extramural vascular invasion (mEMVI), maximal extramural depth (EMD), etc.] with pTDs were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram was established based on the latter. The diagnostic efficiency was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and area under curve (AUC).

Results:
mTDs, mLN, mEMVI, and EMD were significantly different between the pTDs-positive and pTDs-negative groups (P < 0.05), with the AUC of 0.767, 0.746, 0.664 and 0.644, respectively. mTDs and mLN were independent risk factors for pTDs (odds ratio: 5.74 and 3.90, P < 0.05). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the nomogram were 0.814 (95% CI: 0.720 ~ 0.908), 73.9%, 79.4%, 93.4%, and 78.5%, respectively. Seventeen of 23 patients with pTDs were identified as mTDs, with a moderate agreement between pTDs and mTDs (Kappa=0.419).

Conclusion:
Multiplanar HRT2WI can be used as a preoperative diagnostic tool to identify TDs in LARC. The combined model constructed by mTDs and mLN shows a good diagnostic performance for TDs.
A Mini-review on Helicobacter pylori with Gastric Cancer and Available Treatments
Authors: Jacob Teresa V. , Doshi Gaurav M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most thoroughly researched etiological component for stomach inflammation and malignancies. Even though there are conventional recommenda-tions and treatment regimens for eradicating H. pylori, failure rates continue to climb. Antibiotic resistance contributes significantly to misdiagnoses, false positive results, and clinical failures, all of which raise the chance of infection recurrence. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in H. pylori and discuss novel approaches for detecting genotypic resistance. Modulation of drug uptake/ efflux, biofilm, and coccoid development. Newer genome sequencing approaches capable of detecting H. pylori genotypic resistance are presented. Prolonged infection in the stomach causes major problems such as gastric cancer. The review discusses how H. pylori causes stomach cancer, recent biomarkers such as miRNAs, mo-lecular pathways in the development of gastric cancer, and diagnostic methods and clinical trials for the disease. Efforts have been made to summarize the recent advancements made toward early diagnosis and novel therapeutic approaches for H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
PARALLEL IMPORTS IN TRADEMARKS
Authors: Sujatmiko Agung 
Published: August 2023

According to Article 3 of Act Number 15 of 2001 on Trademark, the exclusive nature of trademark rights legalizes monopoly. Based on this exclusivity, the right holders of trademarks can decide when and where they can first introduce a trademarked product to the market. This right is known as a distribution right. Once marketed however, the right holder cannot prevent their trademarked product being imported outside of the initial chosen market (exhaustion of rights). Menurut Pasal 3 UU Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang Merek, bahwa hak atas merek bersifat khusus. Hak tersebut bersifat monopoli. Berdasarkan hak eksklusifnya, pemegang hak merek dapat memutuskan kapan dan dimana dia akan meletakkan produk yang terkait dengan kreasi intelektualnya di pasaran untuk pertama kalinya. Hal itu dinamakan hak distribusi. Manakala telah diputuskan pemasarannya, maka yang bersangkutan tidak dapat mencegah produk kreasi intelektualnya itu diimpor diluar wilayah pemasaran yang telah dipilihnya pertama kali (exhaustion right).
THE RECOGNITION OF THE LEGAL STANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Winarni Fajar 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to identify and assess the recognition of the legal standing of environmental organizationsin Indonesia as well as to identify and assess the suitability of the use of legal standing environmental organizations with Article 92 of Law Number 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Environmental Management (UUPPLH). This research is normative. Data were analysed by descriptive qualitative. Research showsthat environmental organizations are very effective push policy reforms and changes attitudes and behaviour of government and business. Legal standing not just filed to the court, but also to the Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji diakuinya legal standing organisasi lingkungan hidup di Indonesia serta untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji kesesuaian penggunaan legal standing organisasi lingkungan hidup dengan Pasal 92 Undang-Undang Number 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UUPPLH). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa organisasi lingkungan hidup sangat efektif mendorong pembaruan kebijakan dan mengubah sikap serta perilaku Pemerintah dan pelaku usaha. Legal standing diajukan tidak hanya ke Pengadilan Negeri, namun juga ke PTUN dan Mahkamah Konstitusi.
THE MELTING POT OF LEGAL SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA (READING THE LEGAL POLITICS OF INDONESIAN ISLAMIC LAW)
Authors: Nuzul Andi 
Published: August 2023

Islamic law is integrated into but stands independently from Indonesia’s national law. It is integrated in the sense that its substance has been absorbed into the legal systems through laws and other legal rulings and binds all Indonesian citizens. It is independent however, in the sense that its substance governs the internal conduct of Muslims. Islamic law has strengthened the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, especially after the amendments of the 1945 Constitution, whose legal system is not onlybased on the idea of a rechtsstaat or rule of law, but is also based upon elements of religious laws. Hukum Islam dalam sistem hukum nasional Indonesia bersifat integratif dan mandiri. Integratif berarti materi atau substansi hukumnya masuk menjadi bagian produk peraturan perundang-undangan, bersifatmengikat (imperatif) untuk seluruh warga negara. Bersifat mandiri, manakala materi atau substansihukumnya bersifat mengatur secara interen kalangan umat Islam. Hukum Islam menguatkan NegaraKesatuan Republik Indonesia terutama pasca amandamen UUD tahun 1945, sistem hukumnya tidak hanya berlandaskan pada prinsip negara hukum rechtsstaat ataupun the rule of law, tetapi juga berlandaskan pada unsur-unsur dari hukum agama.
MEKANISME PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH (STUDI KASUS D.I. YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: Yuniza Mailinda Eka , Nugroho Adrianto Dwi 
Published: August 2023

The Regional Budget Implementation Accountability (PPAPBD) mechanism is a part of the regional financing management process applicable subsequent to the formulation of draft APBD, approval ofthe draft APBD by the Regional House of Representatives, validation by the Central Government,enactment of draft APBD to be APBD, and implementation of APBD. In a normative manner, the PPAPBDmechanism is a series of supervisory procedures performed by budget-supervisory institutions, amongothers include the Board of Financial Audit (BPK), the Ministry for Domestic Affairs, and the RegionalHouse of Representatives. Within the field of administrative law, the PPAPBD mechanism is a form of administrative supervision performed in order to establish good governance in accordance with the General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB). Mekanisme Pertanggungjawaban Pelaksanaan APBD (PPAPBD) merupakan bagian dari proses pengelolaan keuangan daerah setelah proses penyusunan Rancangan APBD, persetujuan RAPBD oleh DPRD, pengesahan APBD oleh Pemerintah Pusat, penetapan menjadi APBD, dan pelaksanaanAPBD selesai dilakukan. Secara normatif, mekanisme PPAPBD merupakan suatu rangkaian prosedurpengawasan yang dilakukan oleh instansi-instansi yang memiliki fungsi pengawasan anggaran, antaralain Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK), Kementerian Dalam Negeri, dan Dewan Perwakilan RakyatDaerah (DPRD). Dalam konteks hukum administrasi negara, mekanisme PPAPBD merupakan bentukpengawasan demi terwujudnya pemerintahan yang baik sesuai dengan antara lain Asas-Asas UmumPemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB).
SURROGATE MOTHER DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA
Authors: Muntaha Mr. 
Published: August 2023

The development of science and technology, in particular in the field of health, has already recently brought a huge advantage and problem in human life. An example of technological marvel that not only requires deep legal thoughts but also at the same time solution is the bio-medical technology advancement of surrogacy. Surrogacy deals with human’s inclination towards reproductive activity. However, it opens up legal complication, in particular with regards to the potential commission of a criminal action as well as to the notion of doctor’s liability. Perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi di bidang kesehatan yang semakin maju dan pesat telah membawa berbagai manfaat dan masalah dalam kehidupan manusia dewasa ini. Salah satu perkembangan yang tidak hanya membutuhkan pemikiran di bidang hukum, tetapi juga sekaligus solusinya adalah mengenai kecanggihan teknologi bio-medis surrogate mother. Surrogacy menyentuh sisi kemanusiaan seorang insan terhadap reproduksi. Akan tetapi, lembaga surrogacy juga membawa komplikasi hukum terutama terkait dengan potensi tindak pidana dan dengan persoalan tanggung jawab dokter.
CREDITOR PROTECTION WITHIN CORPORATE GROUP INSOLVENCY
Authors: Lestari Hesty Diyah 
Published: August 2023

Creditors of corporations in corporate groups are in a vulnerable position when the corporations become insolvent. The application of separate entity and limited liability principles makes the liability of the parent company for the debts of its subsidiary is limited to the amount of its shareholding in the subsidiary, even though in the commercial reality corporate groups are design for the interests of the group as a whole. The existing law in Indonesia has not provided adequate safeguards to creditors’ interests. Kreditor perseroan pada perusahaan grup berada pada posisi yang rentan apabila perseroan menjadi pailit. Penerapan prinsip badan tersendiri dan tanggung jawab terbatas menjadikan tanggung jawab induk perusahaan pada utang anak perusahaannya dibatasi sejumlah kepemilikan sahamnya pada anak perusahaan, meskipun pada kenyataannya perusahaan grup didesain untuk kepentingan grup secara keseluruhan. Hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia saat ini belum memberikan perlindungan yang memadai bagi kepentingan para kreditor.
UNITED KINGDOM AND USA’S LEGISLATIONS TO CLEAN HISTORIC CONTAMINATION
Authors: Mahfud Mr. 
Published: August 2023

The industrial revolutionaries have left harmful residues on and in the land. Dealing with such contamination, the UK introduces Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990 and the USA has legislated CERCLA 1980. This essay is going to discuss both provisions in cleaning up the contamination in each jurisdiction. We reach into a conclusion that both EPA 1990 and CERCLA 1980 govern the cost of cleaning up historic contamination, provide broad definition for the meaning of liable persons, and recognise the retroactivity principle. We find that there is a bifurcation of polluters classification in UK laws. This bifurcation is absent in US laws. Revolusi industri telah menyisakan bahan yang berbahaya baik di atas maupun di bawah permukaan tanah. Untuk mengatasi pencemaran bahan berbahaya tersebut, Inggris telah menerbitkan Bagian 2A EPA 1990 sementara Amerika Serikat telah mengesahkan CERCLA 1980. Tulisan ini mengkaji kedua aturan negara tersebut. Disimpulkan bahwa baik EPA 1990 maupun CERCLA 1980 sama-sama memiliki ketentuan yang mengatur perihal biaya pembersihan kontaminasi historis, mendefinisikan makna ‘orang yang bertanggungjawab’ secara luas, dan mengakui prinsip retroaktifitas. Hukum Inggris mengklasifikasikan pencemar, namun hukum Amerika Serikat tidak memiliki sistem klasifikasi tersebut.
REFORMA AGRARIA BERPARADIGMA PANCASILA DALAM PENATAAN KEMBALI POLITIK AGRARIA NASIONAL
Authors: Maladi Yanis 
Published: August 2023

Basic Agrarian Law Act (BAL) of 1960 which sets out the foundation for agrarian reform fails to solve Indonesia’s many land-related problems. In addition to the fact that its mandate has not been implemented, there are a cornucopia of inferior rules under the BAL that run afoul with the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. This normative research employs library research method. Library research was carried out by studying documented materials. We find that an agrarian reform which encapsulates the paradigm of Pancasila is yet to be realised given the many irregularities found in the implementation. We conclude that the affirmation and the revitalization of Pancasila values in the national agrarian politics is of utmost necessity. Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA) 1960 sebagai induk reforma agraria belum mampu menjadi jawaban atas permasalahan agraria di Indonesia. Selain karena banyak amanatnya belum dilaksanakan, banyak juga aturan-aturan di bawahnya yang bertentangan dengan Pancasila, UUD 1945. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif, yaitu penelitian yang didasarkan pada penelitian kepustakaan. Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan merujuk pada bahan-bahan yang didokumentasikan dengan alat studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan reforma agraria berparadigma Pancasila belum mampu diwujudkan karena banyak ditemukan penyimpangan dalam pelaksanaannya. Oleh karena itu, sangat mendesak adanya penegasan dan revitalisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila di dalam politik agraria nasional.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TAMBANG: STUDI KASUS SENGKETA ANTARA MASYARAKAT SAMAWA DENGAN PT. NEWMONT NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: H.S. H. Salim , Abdullah Idrus 
Published: August 2023

Exploration activity in Batu Hijau and Elang Dodo has been conducted since contract of work was settled between PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara and government of Indonesia. In practical level, dispute arose out between local people of Samawa ethnicity and the government Indonesia against PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Research show, that the causing factors for the dispute are, among other things, the unresolved compensation, workforce issue, and an unexpected their party intervening into the contract. The society wishes to resolve this dispute through adat law by negotiating or mediating with adat leaders as the mediator. Kegiatan eksplorasi di Batu Hijau dan Elang Dodo dilakukan sejak kontrak karya disetujui antara PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara dengan Pemerintah Indonesia. Dalam praktiknya, kontrak ini menimbulkan sengketa antara masyarakat etnis Samawa dan pemerintah Indonesia melawan PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya sengketa antara lain adalah belum dipenuhinya permintaan ganti rugi, masalah ketenagakerjaan, serta adanya pihak ketiga yang masuk dalam kontrak. Masyarakat menginginkan penyelesaian secara adat melalui negosiasi atau mediasi tetua adat.
PENERAPAN ASAS ITIKAD BAIK TAHAP PRAKONTRAKTUAL PADA PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI PERUMAHAN
Authors: Innaka Antari , Rusdiana Sa’ida , Sularto Mr. 
Published: August 2023

The good faith principle is present in the pre-contractual stage of Preliminary House Sale and Purchase Agreement because all three contractual stages are also characterised by good faith. This Preliminary Agreement precedes the actual House Sale and Purchase Agreement and we submit that the Preliminary Agreement is legally binding provided that it be honestly entered to. The legal remedy that is available for consumers who find the promises of their property agent in the Preliminary Agreement not included in the actual House Sale and Purchase Agreement is the Decree of State Minister for Public Housing No. 09/KPTS/M/1995. Asas itikad baik dilaksanakan dalam tahap prakontraktual pada perjanjian pendahuluan jual beli rumah karena ketiga tahapan kontrak selalu mengandung itikad baik. Dalam jual beli rumah ada perjanjian pendahuluan yang mendahului perjanjian jual beli yang sesungguhnya. Perjanjian pendahuluan itu tetap mempunyai kekatan mengikat berdasarkan kejujuran. Perlindungan hukum yang dapat digunakan konsumen ketika apa yang diperjanjikan oleh developer tidak tercantum dalam perjanjian pendahuluan adalah ketentuan Keputusan Menteri Negara Perumahan Rakyat No. 09/KPTS/M/1995.
SOCIALISERING PROCESS HUKUM PERBURUHAN DALAM ASPEK KEBIJAKAN PENGUPAHAN
Authors: Saprudin Mr. 
Published: August 2023

The government’s intervention in wage policies started during the Old Order era with the enactment of Act Number 33 of 1947 on Accidents. During the New Order era the government expanded its intervention in wage policies by taking into effect Government Regulation Number 8 of 1981 on Wage Protection. Subsequently, during the Reformation era the government imposed further limitations to the administration of rules Private Law in matters of wage. As an impact of the socialisering process undertaken from period to period, the government has established various laws on wages intended to provide legal protection to workers. In other words, throughout those periods there has been a significant progress in terms of legal protection to workers in matters of wages. Campur tangan pemerintah di bidang pengupahan diawali pada era Orde Lama, yakni pada saat diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 1947 tentang Kecelakaan. Di era Orde Baru, peran pemerintah di bidang pengupahan semakin besar yaitu dengan ditetapkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Perlindungan Upah. Selanjutnya, di era reformasi pemerintah semakin membatasi ketentuan-ketentuan yang bersifat Hukum Privat di bidang pengupahan. Akibat socialisering process ialah di setiap periodisasi pemerintah telah menetapkan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang pengupahan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja/buruh. Dengan kata lain, di setiap periodisasi tersebut telah terjadi upaya peningkatan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja/ buruh di bidang pengupahan.
TANGGUNG JAWAB DIREKSI DALAM KEPAILITAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Kurniawan Mr. 
Published: August 2023

In running their duties, the board of directors are given rights and full authority to represent the company as long as they act in conformity to the corporation’s Article of Associations. The directors of a limited liability company have both internal and external responsibilities. Internal responsibility includes the Directors’ liability towards the Company and its Shareholders, meanwhile external responsibility covers the Directors’ liability towards third parties to whom the company owes direct or indirect legal connection. There are two approaches to reason the effect of insolvency order to directors of a limited liability, i.e. ‘by operation of law’ and ‘rule of reason’. Dalam menjalankan tugasnya, direksi diberikan hak dan kekuasaan penuh mewakili perseroan, sepanjang bertindak sesuai dengan Anggaran Dasar perseroan. Tanggung jawab direksi perseroan terbatas terdiri dari tanggung jawab yang bersifat internal dan eksternal. Tanggung jawab internal meliputi tanggung jawab Direksi terhadap Perseroan dan Para Pemegang Saham, sedangkan tanggung jawab eksternal berupa tanggung jawab Direksi terhadap pihak ketiga yang berhubungan hukum dengan Perseroan, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Terdapat 2 (dua) model pemberlakuan akibat hukum pernyataan pailit direksi perseroan terbatas, yaitu akibat berlaku demi hukum dan akibat berlaku secara rule of reason.
PENERAPAN ASAS UMUM PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK DALAM SISTEM PELAYANAN PERIZINAN SATU PINTU
Authors: Haryati Dwi , Suharsono Triyanto , Yuniza Mailinda Eka 
Published: August 2023

This study will discuss the implementation of General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB) in the One Stop Licensing System in the city of Yogyakarta. Some things that would be an important consideration in this study were changes to Local Government Law No. 22 of 1999 as Law No. 32 of 2004 and its consequence, the issuance of Government Regulation No. 84 of 2000 governing the organization’s guidelines in the area of technical authority in issuing permits and Ministerial Decree No. PAN 63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003 On Implementation Guidelines for Public Service and Administrative Reform Decree No. 26/KEP/M.PAN/2/2004 About Help Technical Transparency and Accountability. Penelitian ini akan membahas penerapan Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB) dalam Sistem Perijinan Satu Pintu di Kota Yogyakarta. Beberapa hal yang akan menjadi pertimbangan penting dalam penelitian ini adalah Perubahan UU Otonomi Daerah Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 menjadi UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 beserta konsekuensinya. Penerbitan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 84 Tahun 2000 yang mengatur tentang pedoman organisasi perangkat daerah dalam kewenangan teknisnya mengeluarkan ijin di daerah serta Kepmen PAN Nomor 63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik dan Keputusan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Nomor 26/KEP/M. PAN/2/2004 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas.
AKIBAT PEMILIHAN FORUM DALAM KONTRAK YANG MEMUAT KLAUSA ARBITRASE
Authors: Sutiyoso Bambang 
Published: August 2023

Our research attempts to understand the absolute competence of arbitration and its development in practice as well as the effect of the parties' choice of jurisdiction in a contract containing arbitration clause. This research is expected to be able to explain the competence dispute between arbitration and court to justiciables. We find that choice in jurisdiction would negate the rights of the parties to submit their dispute to district court. In practice, deviation where courts may ignore the arbitration clause, the parties' good faith and consistency of the court play a significant role to further develop the arbitration process. Penelitian yuridis-normatif ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kompetensi absolut arbitrase dan perkembangannya dalam praktik, serta akibat hukum pilihan forum dalam kontrak berklausula arbitrase bagi para pihak yang berpekara. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menerangkan para pencari keadilan perihal sengketa kewenangan mengadili antara arbitrase dan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pilihan forum akan meniadakan hak para pihak dan sikap pengadilan yang konsisten memiliki peranan besar untuk mengembangkan arbitrase.
Prinsip Transparansi dalam Perjanjian TBT dan SPS
Authors: Kariodimedjo Dina Widyaputri 
Published: August 2023

Transparency principle in the TBT and SPS Agreement is implemented by notification. Its application is prepared by related agencies through the making of regulations, establishment of enquiry points, building capacity and infrastructure. It guarantees certainty, predictability and credibility of Indonesia in international trade, and its application should not undermine national trade policy. Prinsip transparansi dalam Perjanjian TBT dan SPS diterapkan melalui notifikasi. Penerapan prinsip ini dilakukan oleh instansi-instansi terkait melalui pembuatan peraturan, upaya terkait kelembagaan, SDM dan infrastruktur. Prinsip yang bertujuan menciptakan kepastian, konsistensi bagi perdagangan dan kredibilitas Indonesia dalam perdagangan internasional, harus dilakukan tanpa mengorbankan kepentingan untuk mengamankan kebijakan impor nasional.