bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bahamas at risk: Material stocks, sea‐level rise, and the implications for development
Authors: Martin del Campo Francisco , Singh Simron Jit , Fishman Tomer , Thomas Adelle , Drescher Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent research suggests that over 75% of resources extracted globally now go toward creating, maintaining, or operating material stocks (MS) to provide societal services like housing, transport, education, and health. However, the integrity of current and future built environments, and the capacity of the system to continue providing services, are threatened by extreme events and sea‐level rise (SLR). This is especially significant for the most disaster‐prone countries in the world: Small Island Developing States. In the aftermath of disasters, complex rebuilding efforts require substantial material and economic resources, oftentimes incurring massive debt. Understanding the composition and dynamics of MS and environmental threats is essential for current and future sustainable development. Drawing on open‐source OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, we conducted a spatially explicit material stock analysis (MSA) for The Bahamas for 2021, where we included buildings and transport MS, and SLR exposure scenarios. Total MS was estimated at 76 million tonnes (Mt) or 191 tonnes per capita (t/cap) of which transport comprises 43%. These MS are likely to increase by 36 Mt in the future. Simulations show that under 1‐, 2‐, or 3‐m SLR scenarios, around 4, 6, and 9 Mt of current MS will be exposed, with transport MS at greatest risk, with over 80% of total exposure in each scenario. Our findings highlight the critical role that key MS play in sustainability and resilience, contributing to the emphasis on effective development planning and climate change adaptation strategies, and to the exploration of the use of OSM data for studying these objectives.
Effects of bile duct ligation on the inhibitory control of supraoptic vasopressin neurons
Authors: Aikins Ato O. , Farmer George E. , Little Joel T. , Cunningham J. Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDilutional hyponatremia due to increased plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) is associated with liver cirrhosis. However, plasma AVP remains elevated despite progressive hypoosmolality. This study investigated changes to inhibitory control of supraoptic nucleus (SON) AVP neurons during liver cirrhosis. Experiments were conducted with adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Bile duct ligation was used as a model of chronic liver cirrhosis. An adeno‐associated virus containing a construct with an AVP promoter and either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or a ratiometric chloride indicator, ClopHensorN, was bilaterally injected into the SON of rats. After 2 weeks, rats received either BDL or sham surgery, and liver cirrhosis was allowed to develop for 4 weeks. In vitro, loose patch recordings of action potentials were obtained from GFP‐labeled and unlabeled SON neurons in response to a brief focal application of the GABAA agonist muscimol (100 μM). Changes to intracellular chloride ([Cl]i) following muscimol application were determined by changes to the fluorescence ratio of ClopHensorN. The contribution of cation chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2 to changes in intracellular chloride was investigated using their respective antagonists, bumetanide (BU, 10 μM) and VU0240551 (10 μM). Plasma osmolality and hematocrit were measured as a marker of dilutional hyponatremia. The results showed reduced or absent GABAA‐mediated inhibition in a greater proportion of AVP neurons from BDL rats as compared to sham rats (100% inhibition in sham vs. 47% in BDL, p = .001). Muscimol application was associated with increased [Cl]i in most cells from BDL as compared to cells from sham rats (χ2 = 30.24, p < .001). NKCC1 contributed to the impaired inhibition observed in BDL rats (p < .001 BDL − BU vs. BDL + BU). The results show that impaired inhibition of SON AVP neurons and increased intracellular chloride contribute to the sustained dilutional hyponatremia in liver cirrhosis.
In vitro, ex vivo, and clinical evaluation of anti‐aging gel containing EPA and CBD
Authors: Cohen Guy , Jakus Jeannette , Portillo Mauricio , Gvirtz Raanan , Ogen‐Shtern Navit , Silberstein Eldad , Ayzenberg Tomer , Rozenblat Sharon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging manifestation, such as coarse wrinkles, loss of elasticity, pigmentation, and rough‐textured appearance, is a multifactorial process that can be exacerbated by air pollution, smoking, poor nutrition, and sun exposure. Exposure to UV radiation is considered the primary cause of extrinsic skin aging and accounts for about 80% of facial aging. Extrinsic skin aging signs can be reduced with demo‐cosmetic formulations. Both cannabidiol (CBD) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been previously suggested as potent active dermatological ingredients.AimsThe objective of the current research was to evaluate the compatibility of both agents in the prevention and treatment of skin aging. First, the impact of both agents was assessed using standard photoaging models of UV‐induced damage, both in vitro (HaCaT cells) and ex vivo (human skin organ culture). Then, a clinical validation study (n = 33) was performed using an optimized topical cream formulation tested at different time points (up to Day 56).ResultsEPA was found to potentiate the protective effects of CBD by reducing the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), two primary inflammatory agents associated with photoaging. In addition, a qualitative histological examination signaled that applying the cream may result in an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling following UV radiation. This was also evidenced clinically by a reduction of crow's feet wrinkle area and volume, as well as a reduction of fine line wrinkle volume as measured by the AEVA system. The well‐established age‐dependent subepidermal low‐echogenic band (SLEB) was also reduced by 8.8%. Additional clinical results showed significantly reduced red spots area and count, and an increase in skin hydration and elasticity by 31.2% and 25.6% following 56 days of cream application, respectively. These impressive clinical results correlated with high satisfaction ratings by the study participants.Discussion and ConclusionsCollectively, the results show a profound anti‐aging impact of the developed formulation and strengthen the beneficial derm‐cosmetic properties of CBD‐based products.
A novel experimental model to investigate fungal involvement shows expression of Dectin‐1 in periapical lesion pathogenesis
Authors: Hasan Arshad , Roome Talat , Wahid Mohsin , Ansari Shazia Akbar , Khan Javeria Ali , Kiyani Amber , Jilani Syeda Neha Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCandida albicans is linked to persistent endodontic lesions. However, the recognition receptor that identifies it is not explored previously.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to (1) establish a zymosan‐induced model of apical periodontitis in mouse, (2) observe the expression of Dectin‐1 and its possible relationship with toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 and (3) observe relationship between Osteopontin (OPN) and inflammatory cytokines.MethodsA total of 138 Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were randomly divided into; Experimental Group n = 69 and Zymosan Group n = 69. Periapical periodontitis was developed in right maxillary molar. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 21 and 42 days. Bone blocks containing the mesial root (n = 15 for qRT‐PCR, n = 45 for enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA)) were collected for mRNA expression and ELISA. While whole maxilla (n = 3 from each time interval) were used for histology and immunohistochemical analysis. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey's posthoc was used for statistical analysis at p ≤ .05.ResultsTLR‐2, Dectin‐1 and TLR4‐positive cells was detected at all time intervals in both groups. A strong positive correlation was observed between TLR‐2 and Dectin‐1 in both lesions (regular r = .680, p = .015, zymosan (r = .861, p < .001)). A significant correlation was found between OPN and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in zymosan lesion (r = .827, p = .001).ConclusionsImmune cells of inflamed periapical tissue expressed Dectin‐1 receptor in response to the microbial challenge from infected root canals and showed positive correlation with TLR‐2 and OPN suggesting a possible receptor collaboration mediated by OPN. The expression of OPN and TNF‐α showed positive correlation in response to fungal antigen, indicating a possible relationship.
Power/knowledge: A sociomaterial perspective on a new accreditation process during COVID‐19
Authors: Cartmill Carrie , Rowland Paula , Rojas David , Cameron Erin , Whitehead Cynthia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic had significant impacts on many aspects of health care and education, including the accreditation of medical education programmes. As a community of international educators, it is important that we study changes that resulted from the pandemic to help us understand educational processes more broadly. As COVID‐19 unfolded in Canada, a revised format of undergraduate medical accreditation was implemented, including a shift to virtual site visits, a two‐stage visit schedule, a focused approach to reviewing standards and the addition of a field secretary to the visit team. Our case study research aimed to evaluate the sociomaterial implications of these changes in format on the process of accreditation at two schools.MethodsWe interviewed key informants to understand the impacts, strengths and limitations of changes made to the accreditation format. We used an abductive approach to analyse transcripts and applied a sociomaterial lens in looking for interconnections between the material and social changes that were experienced within the accreditation system.ResultsStakeholders within the accreditation system did not anticipate that changes to the accreditation format would have significant impacts on how accreditation functioned or on its overall outcomes. However, key informants described how the revised format of accreditation reconstructed how power was distributed and how knowledge was produced. The revised format contributed to changes in who held power within each of the programmes, within each of the visiting teams and between site members and visiting team members. As power shifted across stakeholders in response to material changes to the accreditation format, key informants described changes in how knowledge was produced.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the most powerful knowledge about any given programme might best be obtained through individualised tools, technologies and voices that are most meaningful to the unique context of each programme. Deliberate attention to how knowledge and power are influenced by the interactions between material and social processes within accreditation may help educators and leaders see the effects of change.
Stress, COVID‐19 related knowledge, attitude, and infection control performance of nurses at long‐term care hospitals
Authors: Shim Ji Ae , Jeong Sun Young 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the stress level, knowledge, attitude, and infection control performance of nurses at long‐term care hospitals (LTCHs) designated for infectious disease management and to investigate factors contributing to infection control performance. A total of 178 nurses who had worked for at least 1 month at seven LTCHs designated for infectious disease management and provided care for patients confirmed with COVID‐19 were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from February to March 2022 using written and online self‐report questionnaires. COVID‐19 infection control performance was higher among married than among single participants (t = −3.71, p < 0.001), among those aged 40–49 versus 30–39 years (F = 4.10, p = 0.003), and those with 1–2, 3–4, or ≥5 sessions versus no prior education (F = 6.41, p < 0.001). COVID‐19 infection control performance was negatively correlated with stress (r = 0.26, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with knowledge (r = 0.40, p < 0.001) and attitude toward COVID‐19 (r = −0.36, p < 0.001). Stress (β = −0.17, p = 0.012), knowledge of COVID‐19 (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), attitude toward COVID‐19 (β = 0.20, p = 0.004), and marital status (β = 0.18, p = 0.009) were identified as predictors of COVID‐19 infection control performance.
Safety and efficacy of silicone tape for indwelling urinary catheter fixation in intensive care patients—A randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Paula Fabiana Martins , Frota Oleci Pereira , Ruiz Juliana Silva , Braulio Isabela Cassão , do Nascimento Gonçalves Fernanda Carvalho , Ferreira‐Júnior Marcos Antonio , Sonobe Helena Megumi , Ferreira Danielle Neris , Pompeo Carolina Mariano , de Sousa Alvaro Francisco Lopes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients are more vulnerable to medical adhesive‐related skin injuries (MARSI), whose prevention is a constant challenge and one of the main quality indicators of nursing care. MARSI associated with indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) fixation is a relevant adverse event, mainly because of the constant involuntary traction and high skin vulnerability of the fixation site. Silicone adhesive tape has appreciable qualities for fragile skin among the range of adhesives, leading to the inference that it reduces the risk of MARSI.AimTo compare silicone adhesive tape for IUC fixation with acrylate tape regarding its safety and efficacy.Study DesignThis was a randomized controlled trial blinded to the patients and evaluator. Data were collected from an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary university hospital in Brazil. Patients with IUC and no MARSI at the fixation site were considered eligible. The omega (Ω) fixation technique was used for IUC fixation. A total of 132 participants were enrolled and divided into two research groups: 66 patients in the intervention group (silicone tape) and 66 in the control group (acrylate tape). Outcomes were the incidence of MARSI, patient outcome in the ICU and hospital and partial, total and overall spontaneous detachment of the tapes.ResultsThe overall incidence of MARSI was 28%, with 21% in the silicone group and 35% in the acrylate group, with no statistically significant difference (p = .121), including the severity of the lesions (p = .902). However, partial (p = .003) and overall (p < .001) detachment of the tapes were more frequent in the silicone group.ConclusionsSilicone tape is no safer than acrylate tape for IUC fixation and is less adhesively effective.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThere is no evidence to support the extensive use of silicone tape in this context.
Oral cancer and precancer in Oral Pathology and Medicine curricula of Mexican dental schools
Authors: Ramírez‐Amador Velia , Anaya‐Saavedra Gabriela , Petti Stefano , Lara‐Flores Norma , Aranda‐Romo Saray , Cruz‐Monroy Eduardo , Muela‐Campos Daniela , Nava‐Villalba Mario , Ocampo‐Acosta Fabián , Pulido‐Díaz Katya , Rumayor‐Piña Alicia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the teaching‐learning process characteristics of Oral Pathology and Medicine (OP&M) related to oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer (OC), in the dental schools' curricula in Mexico, to analyze the approach given to this topic worldwide, and to provide the possible solution strategies.Materials and MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to OP&M deans and professors from public Mexican Universities to explore the curriculum and academic profile of the dental schools. The recommendations gathered from a workshop with expert professors on the challenges in OPMD/OC teaching were reported.ResultsTwenty‐two dental schools participated (22 deans, 30 professors). The most widely used strategies were clinical‐case resolving (86%) and presentations (73%). Although 77.3% of the programs included maxillofacial lesions, only 40.9% contemplated OPMD/OC. Only 45% of the programs developed community activities for early OC detection. The workshop recommendations were (i) multidisciplinary approach to OPMD/OC teaching, involving OP&M professors in other dental and nondental courses; (ii) implementation of the most effective teaching techniques (currently, problem‐based learning and clinical‐case presentation) in OP&M curricula; (iii) education of OP&M professors on teaching‐learning processes.ConclusionsThese recommendations from the Mexican context, integrated with similar experiences from other countries could contribute to develop a unique, internationally acknowledged OP&M curriculum.
Status of conventional and molecular breeding of salinity‐tolerant tilapia
Authors: Yue G. H. , Ma K. Y. , Xia J. H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAquaculture is an important sector for ensuring global food security. Due to the scarcity of freshwater available for expanding aquaculture, the development of omnivorous fish species and varieties that can tolerate high salinity will enhance fish production. Some tilapia species are good candidates for aquaculture in brackish and seawater because they can grow in high salinity. Among tilapia species, Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis aureus, Oreochromis spilurus, Oreochromis urolepis hornorum, Sarotherodon galilaeus and Coptodon zillii are the most salinity‐tolerant. Hybrids derived from salinity‐tolerant tilapia species are tolerant to a certain level of salinity. They have been used in aquaculture production in brackish water and full seawater. Conventional selective breeding has been applied to increase the growth rate of salinity‐tolerant tilapias. However, their growth rate is lower than that of the freshwater Oreochromis niloticus. Recently, many genomic resources and tools have been developed for salinity‐tolerant tilapia. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for important economic traits, including salinity tolerance and other desired traits, have been carried out and applied in molecular breeding for superior salinity‐tolerant tilapia lines. In this review, we systematically analysed tilapia species that can be cultured in brackish and saltwater. We summarized previous works in conventional breeding and molecular breeding for salinity‐tolerant tilapia. We pointed out a few known and potential challenges in the selective breeding and culture of salinity‐tolerant tilapia. Due to the rapid advances in molecular and other disruptive technologies, we are optimistic that novel breeding approaches will significantly increase the production salinity‐tolerant tilapia.
Is hierarchy the only answer? The accountability preferences of Chinese public employees in public service delivery
Authors: Li Yanwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis contribution applies the Q methodology to investigate Chinese public employees' accountability preferences under different accountability relationships in delivering public services. We identify four accountability preferences: a vertically oriented accountability, a network‐style accountability, a style of accountability between market and participatory accountability, and a vertically oriented style of market accountability. Our data show that Chinese public employees hold varied accountability preferences in public service delivery, and hierarchy is a relatively popular one. It is suggested that governors should effectively align different accountability relationships with the aim of better steering the behavior of public employees in public service delivery.
Lateral wedge insoles and their use in ankle instability
Authors: Palomo‐Fernández Inés , Martín‐Casado Laura , Marcos‐Tejedor Félix , Aldana‐Caballero Alberto , Rubio‐Arias Jacobo. Á. , Jiménez‐Díaz J. Fernando 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to assess the immediate effects of applying lateral wedge insoles of different heights (0.00, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 cm) in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) in normal and supinated feet during a Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and in the reflex response of Peroneus Longus (PL), Peroneus Brevis (PB), and Tibialis Anterior (TA) over a 30° inversion of the feet. The effects of the height of the wedges were assessed using a double‐blind, crossover design. In total, 25 participants were allocated into two groups, depending on the foot posture (Normal = 12, Supinated = 13) and performed the tests in a random fashion. Reaction time (RT) of stabilizing muscles of the ankle was measured using superficial electromyography (EMG) and postural balance with the SEBT. Foot posture did not show any significant effects on the analyzed variables. Nonetheless, the use of a 0.3 cm external rearfoot wedge (PB p = 0.002; PL p = 0.066 and TA p = 0.006) and 0.6 cm (PB p = 0.043; PL p = 0.058 and TA p = 0.071) reduces RT in stabilizing muscles of the ankle and improves results in SEBT, except for the anterolateral direction, in subjects with CAI. Therefore, our results suggest that the use of lateral wedge insoles could reduce RT and improve dynamic balance in chronic ankle instability.
Hypophosphatemia related to intravenous iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose: A case series
Authors: Seng Nigel Wei‐Peng , Barco Jason Bae , Wong Marc Hai‐Liang , Lim Kai‐Xiong , Peh Wee‐Ming , Ng Choong‐Tatt , Cushway Tim , Foo Fung‐Joon , Koh Frederick Hong‐Xiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis case series would like to highlight hypophosphatemia related to ferric carboxymaltose and its adverse clinical consequences.BackgroundIntravenous iron supplementation is a good alternative to oral iron replacement in iron deficiency anaemia due to its ability to correct iron deficit with minimal infusions without incurring the gastrointestinal side effects of oral iron replacement. Ferric carboxymaltose is one common formula for intravenous iron supplementation. However, an increasingly recognised adverse side‐effect of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose is hypophosphatemia. There has been increasing reports and studies highlighting hypophosphatemia related to intra‐venous iron therapy. Though initially thought to be transient and asymptomatic, recent studies have shown that persistent hypophosphatemia in iron therapy can result in debilitating disease including myopathy, fractures and osteomalacia.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients who had ferric carboxymaltose was performed.ResultsWe highlight 3 cases where hyposphatemia affected the clinical outcomes.ConclusionWith the increased use of IV iron it is important to be aware of the high potential for hypophosphatemia secondary to ferric carboxymaltose.