bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and Radiological Outcome in Distal Third Humerus Fracture Treated with Extra-articular Locking Plate
Authors: Gupta Ashis Kumar , Samal Barada Prasanna , Dalei Tushar Ranjan 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The optimal method for fixation of extra-articular distal humerus fractures poses a management dilemma. Although various plate configurations have been proposed, anatomic shaped extra-articular distal humerus locking plates (EADHPs) have emerged as a viable solution for these complex injuries. We assessed functional and radiologic outcomes in our retrospective case series of extra-articular distal humerus fractures managed with these plates at different centers in Cuttack, Odisha.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and ten patients of extra-articular distal humerus fractures, who were operated at various trauma centers between January 2012 and December 2020, were identified. After exclusion, 100 patients were available for the final assessment. All patients were operated with the triceps-reflecting modified posterior approach. Regular functional–radiologic follow-up was done evaluating elbow functionality, fracture union, secondary displacement, nonunion, implant failure, and any complications; Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used for the final functional assessment.

Results:
Sixty-seven percent of male and 33% of female patients constituted the study group, who had an average follow-up of 18 months. Preoperatively three patients and postoperatively one patient had radial nerve palsy; all had neurapraxia and recovered completely. Overall, 95% of patients were adjudged to have complete radiological union within 3 months; 6% of patients developed nonunion. The mean flexion achieved was 123 + 22, and the mean extension was 4.031 + 6.50; five patients with head injury developed flexion deformity of 45. The average MEPS at the final follow-up was 91 + 9.8.

Conclusion:
Stable reconstruction and early initiation of physiotherapy are utilitarian to envision optimal outcome; the use of precontoured EADHPs has yielded satisfactory results with minimal complications in our hands.
Denture hygiene awareness, attitude and practice among complete denture wearers during COVID-19 lockdown Pandemic
Authors: Dwivedi Hemlata , Paul Nirupam , Banerjee Kankana Lahiri , Singh Shivani , Jain Reeta , Kumar Surender 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To determine the denture hygiene habits in complete denture wearers during Covid-19 lockdown in Assam state.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, a self-administered structured questionnaire was developed to know the attitude of the patients regarding denture hygiene. The study sample consisted of 150 subjects, which included 63 (42%) males and 87 (58%) females.

Results:
50.7% of individuals said that they have knowledge about denture cleansing methods, while only 40% individuals clean their dentures once daily. After education through an online survey, most individuals started practicing three times or at least two times. After educating two members in the same family, all subjects were cleaning either twice or thrice. All subjects were either using brushing or combination methods.

Conclusion:
Poor condition of complete dentures seen in the population is mainly due to lack of knowledge and irregular cleansing habits. Dentists must give proper instructions and do regular follow-up regarding maintenance of denture hygiene.
Effect of Intra-articular Injection of Corticosteroid in the Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee – A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kikkuri Rajeev Reddy , Kashyap Viveksheel , Upadhay Alka , Kumar Vaibhav , Reddy Karri Sandeep , Singhal Richa 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the peripheral joints is frequently related with physical disability and decline in health-related quality of life, deciphering into a significant burden on people and humankind. Although IA corticosteroid injections are being in clinical use, their long-term effects on knee OA are least studied and documented. Hence, the study was done with the aim of assessing the effect of intra-articular (IA) injection of corticosteroid in patients with OA of the knee.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 6 months between 40 years and 75 years with Grade I and II OA of the knee admitted under the Department of Orthopaedics, Tertiary Care Hospital, Belgaum. Patients' affected knee was injected with 80 mg of triamcinolone after the examination, and follow-ups had done at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. The standard pro forma used were Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 58.96 ± 9.58, ranging from 40 to 75 years, with a slightly higher proportion of females. The proportion of Grade 1 and Grade II OA was 24% and 76%, respectively, and 54.7% had right-sided involvement. The difference between pre Rx: Pre intervention VAS score VAS score and follow-up periods at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months was statistically significant with respect to VAS scale, KOOS scale, and WOMAC scale (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
there was no major adverse effect of corticosteroid injections, and it showed significant improvement in patients. There is a need to conduct large-scale well-controlled clinical trials with an appropriate control group, to be able to document the relative efficacy and safety of IA steroid injection.
Caries Risk Assessment among School Going Young Adolescents in Sullia Taluk-Dakshina Kannada
Authors: Jagan P. , Karthikeyan Radhakrishnan , Bharathan Rajendran , Srihari N. C. , Niranjana Arumugasamy , Suresh Minu 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Dental caries continue to be one among the major problems related to oral health in developing countries, that affects 60%–90% of school-aged children and adults. According to the WHO Global oral data bank in 2009 the point prevalence was 54% among 12 years old. Studies on prevalence conducted in Dakshina Kannada district reported a caries prevalence ranging from 32.8% to 82.6%. This study was undertaken to assess the risk of among school-going young adolescents using the Cariogram model.

Subject and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study was conducted among school-going young adolescents of Sullia taluk Dakshina Kannada for a period of 3 months (August–October) 2019. From a total of 20 schools, 3 schools were randomly selected and children satisfying inclusion/exclusion criteria were randomly drawn from these schools. Data on parameters of Cariogram model were collected on a specially designed pro forma consisting of four parts, namely Questionnaire, along with a clinical examination, the collection of saliva and microbiological analysis. Descriptive data were recorded and Fischer's Exact test was used to test the significance of the findings. P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
An analysis of the relative contribution of each cariogram parameter in relation to the caries experience revealed that diet content, frequency of diet, mutans count were statistically significant factors in determining caries risk (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the present study performed with cariogram in young adolescent school-going children revealed that diet content, frequency of diet, mutans count were statistically significant factors in determining caries risk and susceptibility factors were mainly responsible for the aforementioned experience of the school children.
Assessment of Effect of Different Sterilization Agents on Dimensional Accuracy of Different Impression Materials in Implant Prosthesis – An In vitro Study
Authors: Kavita Kumari , Reddy K. R. Parameshwar , Reddy K. R. Maheshwar , Kumar Swatantra , Pandey Gyanendra , Singh Revati 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
Sterilization of impression materials is of paramount importance. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of different disinfectants on dimensional accuracy of elastomeric impression materials used for implant prosthesis and other routine treatments.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted with polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) (regular body), PVS (medium body), PVS (heavy body), and polyether (medium body) impression materials. Glutaraldehyde (2%) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 0.525%) were the disinfectant solutions employed in the study. After 16 h, the specimens were measured under Leica WILD stereomicroscope and dimensions were compared with master die.

Results:
The dimensional change in the Controls, 2% glutaraldehyde (Group I), and 0.525% NaOCl (Group II) was non significant where as Group III and Group IV showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Results also showed significantly higher tear strength (newton/millimeter) in Control group followed by Group I and Group II.

Conclusion:
PVS (heavy body) was found to be most stable, and polyether was seen to be stable of all the impression materials.
Correlation of Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions with Maxillomandibular Skeletal Relation and Mandibular Morphology in Subjects with Skeletal Class I and Class II Malocclusions and Different Growth Patterns
Authors: Jadhav Pallavi Jeetesh , Sonawane Shivprasad Vasant , Mahajan Nikhil , Chavan Bhushan Gorakh , Korde Swapnil J. , Momin Naufil Mushtaque , Mahale Priyanka R. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
To test the hypothesis that there is no positive correlation between skeletal Class II and mandibular morphology with pharyngeal dimensions in subjects with different growth patterns.

Materials and Methods:
Lateral cephalograms of 60 patients were collected and divided into 2 groups, comprising of 30 in each group. Group 1 consisted of cephalograms of patients having Class I malocclusion, and was further divided into subgroups. 1a) Class I with normal growth 1b) Class I with vertical growth. Group 2 consisted of cephalograms of patients having class II malocclusion and was further divided into subgroups 2a) Class II with normal growth, 2b) Class II with vertical growth.

Results:
The results showed that the estimated marginal mean for upper pharyngeal width in class I malocclusion group was 8.56 mm, for class II malocclusion group was 7.80 mm, for normal growth individuals was 9.73 mm and that for vertical growth individuals was 6.63 mm. The estimated marginal mean for lower pharyngeal width in class I malocclusion group was 9.62 mm, in class II malocclusion group was 9.10 mm, in normal growth individuals was 8.95 mm and that in vertical growth individuals was 9.77 mm. The estimated marginal mean for pharyngeal area in class I malocclusion group is 330.13 sq.mm, in class II malocclusion group is 308.17 sq.mm, in normal growth individuals is 328.47sq.mm and that in vertical growth individuals is 309.83 sq.mm.

Conclusions:
The null hypothesis for this study, as per the statistical analysis, has been rejected.
Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Foramen in Saudi Children Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Madiraju Guna Shekhar , Mahabob Nazargi , Bello Sanusi Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
This study evaluated the position of the mandibular foramen (MF) with regard to the occlusal plane (OP) and the anterior border (AB) of the mandibular ramus (AB) in a sample of 7–12-year-old Saudi children using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Materials and Methods:
In this descriptive, observational study, 155 CBCT scans were selected and analyzed for positional changes in the MF. Reconstructed panoramic and axial sections were used to measure the MF-OP and MF-AB distances, respectively, on both the right and left sides of the mandible. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's honest significant difference post hoc tests where applicable, at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean distance of MF from the AB of the ramus was 14.68 mm, with no significant differences between the genders (P > 0.05). The MF moved upward from a position below the OP to above it, according to age in both males and females, and the difference between the age groups was significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean values of distances between the right and left sides of the mandible were seen.

Conclusions:
The location of the MF varies with respect to age and should be considered while administering inferior alveolar nerve block in children to achieve a more effective anesthesia.
Bone Regenerative Biomaterials in Periapical Surgery
Authors: Sumangali Ananad , Naik Amruta C. , Mohan Nimisha , Gautam Nivedita , Abrol Surbhi , Mustafa Mohammed , Tiwari Heena 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Successful treatment in the endodontics and periodontics depends on the periapical status. Hence, in the present meta-analysis, we evaluate the various bone regenerative materials in the periapical surgeries.

Materials and Methods:
Online data were collected from the search engines of EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searched terms were bone regenerative, bone grafts, bio materials, periapical surgery, and endodontic surgery. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, the meta-analysis was performed. The studies for the past 10 years were considered that included at least 10 patients. The translatable articles were included that had the human studies that were clinical studies and/or trials and also had the bone regenerative materials used in the procedure.

Results:
A total of 475 articles were selected, of which 30 were selected based on the criteria. Of these, after the removal of the 21 duplicate articles, 9 articles were finalized. The meta-analysis showed that when the bone graft materials are used along with the barriers for the regeneration, there were observed higher success rates.

Conclusions:
The bone regenerative materials can be used for the successful outcome for the periapical surgeries. The guided tissue regeneration along with the bone regenerative materials may aid in the good prognosis of the endodontic and periodontal cases.
The Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Reducing Blood Lactate Concentration and Improving Sports Performance
Authors: Mohammed Saiwan Sirwan , Rahimi Mohammed Rahman , Sayfaddin Dara Latif 
Published: February 2023

Background and Objective:
Dietary supplements are a common strategy used by athletes and adults to improve physical function and recovery, and muscle mass. Beta-alanine (βA) is an inessential amino acid that can improve the performance of athletes. βA is one of the dietary supplements involved in delaying or reducing fatigue and is of interest to athletes, coaches, and sports scientists. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4-week βA supplementation on soccer athletes' onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) in leg and chest press training volume and running time of 800 m.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 football athletes were randomly divided into two βA supplement and placebo groups. The supplement group (6.4 g of βA per day) and placebo group (6.4 g of starch per day) were eaten for 4 weeks after the briefing session and pretest on blood lactate concentration indices, leg and chest press volume training, and running time of 800 m. Functional evaluations and posttest blood samples were collected from the individuals on day 28.

Results:
The findings show that OBLA considerably rose right away following activity in both the supplement and placebo groups. It fell in both groups 15 min after activity, with the supplement group showing a significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). In either research group, as well as between pretest and posttest times, there was no statistically significant difference in the training volume of the chest press and leg press activity (P ≥ 0.05). There was a significant temporal interaction of 800 m between the supplement and placebo groups.

Conclusion:
Short-term βA supplementation reduced OBLA during the postexercise recovery period, while no effect on footballers' performance was observed in these tests.
Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Edible Plants in Pyuthan District
Authors: Patna Sangam , Parajulee Dipika , Subedi Ganesh , Giri Bhuwan 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
Wild edible plants (WEPs) are those plants that are not domesticated and often neglected but have nutritional and medicinal value and can be used as a good source of diet. The study discusses and depicts the availability of WEPs, their taxonomical categories, species richness, distribution, preference, and their threat in the Gaumukhi area.

Methodology:
Data were collected from 60 randomly selected WEP consumers of Puja and Khung village using a semi-structured interview schedule. The study showed that 37 different species of wild plants are frequently used by respondents. It was found that the majority of the WEPs used were trees followed by herbs and shrubs.

Results:
Regarding the plant parts used, most of the respondents (54%) use WEPs in the form of vegetables followed by raw fruits (28%) users. The study revealed that the majority of WEP's consumers (39%) were from other caste categories such as Giri, Puri, and Malla followed by Dalits (36%). Research indicated that most of the WEPs were collected from the forest area having an altitude of (1300–1500) masl. The major threat to WEPs was fuel wood collection followed by uncontrolled fire.

Conclusions:
Study preference of WEPs among the respondents showed that Polystichum squarrosum (Daude) was the highly preferred one followed by Diplazium esculentum (Neuro) and Dendrocalamus hamiltoni (Tama).
Editorial
Authors: Estudios Ambientales Equipo Editorial Revista 
Published: February 2023

Estimados colegas y lectores: la Revista Estudios Ambientales (REA) agradece las contribuciones del presente número e invita a quienes deseen publicar sus artículos y comunicaciones nos las envíen sus trabajos a través del mail de contacto o desde la plataforma OJS de la revista.
Aprovechamos el espacio para saludarlos por acompañarnos en este año y desearles un muy buen 2023. Para REA el 2023 es un año especial, ya que cumpliremos 10 años de continuidad ininterrumpida, de crecimiento en la publicación de trabajos, cantidad de lectores y evaluadores, y de internacionalización de las contribuciones así como una presencia creciente en catálogos de revistas científicas y acreditaciones en indexaciones tanto de habla hispana como internacionales.
Para esta edición hemos migrado la revista a una versión OJS más moderna que solucionó los inconvenientes de incompatibilidad con el sistema DOI. También se ha incorporado una sección denominada Fotos de tapa que permite difundir el trabajo grafico de profesionales y amateur de la fotografía que desean evidenciar problemáticas ambientales o destacar paisajes y recursos ambientales por su importancia de conservación. Esta sección está abierta siempre y las fotos serán siendo publicadas en función de criterios de selección que están disponibles en la plataforma de REA, disponible en: https://ojs2.fch.unicen.edu.ar/ojs-3.1.0/index.php/estudios-ambientales/announcement/view/11
El segundo número 2022 se publica 7 trabajos. Se trata de contribuciones actuales y de interés en la agenda ambiental internacional. Las propuestas abordan diferentes temas de actualidad en la gestión ambiental y aplican diversidad de técnicas para la producción de nuevo conocimiento en relación al estudio de áreas de conservación, la gestión de cuencas hidrográficas, el uso del conocimiento tradicional y las mediciones de eficiencia ecológica en procesos productivos asociados a la producción de energías renovables.
Aprovechamos a felicitar a autores, evaluadores y equipo editorial por garantizar la continuidad de la revista en un contexto como el que atravesamos en 2020 y 2021. Esperamos que colegas y lectores den otorguen relevancia a las producciones del presente número.
Invitamos a dar a conocer la revista entre colegas y Los saludamos muy cordialmente.
Islamic urban heritage in Constantine - challenges and prospects
Authors: Khalfallah Boudjemaa , Derbal Kaddour 
Published: February 2023

Scientific research on heritage is many and varied , because it represents a collective historical and cultural repository that expresses essentially identity. Among the areas of heritage, we distinguish the urban and architectural heritage that reflects the true identity and the civilizational dimension, which today the process of preserving it has become a historical responsibility and a national and national duty that stops specialists in all parts of the world. In light of the growing interest in the concept of sustainable development in various fields, the care of heritage in its comprehensiveness emerges as one of the major axes of this development, and an area that falls within the framework of a comprehensive policy to preserve the diverse world heritage. There is no doubt that the general problem with regard to ancient urban tissues lies in their ability to respond to the modern requirements of architectural urban development and provide an environment in which the balance between man and his surroundings is not disturbed, and to preserve the prevailing social and human dimensions, and to overcome purely economic approaches in comparing modern projects and conservation projects. In this context, we have the right to ask whether it is possible to protect and breathe life into heritage urban tissues, without this being an attempt at temporary revival. Is it possible to achieve sustainable urbanization in light of the predominance market rules?
This research mainly aims to visualize an urban project that aims to achieve two basic things:
- Protecting the Arab-Islamic architectural and urban identity of the city of Constantine, the capital of eastern Algeria, which has been subjected to cultural obliteration and attempts at Westernization over more than a century of French colonialism.
- Adopting a practical methodology during the course of the approach
Investigating Male and Female Teachers' Perceptions of Character Education in High school Islamic Studies Curricula in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alwadai Mesfer Ahmed Mesfer , Alhaj Ali Albashir Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

The present study scrutinizes the perception of male and female Teachers of character education in high school Islamic studies curricula. The main objectives of the present study are to explore the Islamic studies high school male and female teachers' perceptions of character education in Islamic studies textbooks and analyze Islamic studies high school male and female teachers' opinions on character education and how can be gained through the content of the curricula. The study's central question is what are the Islamic studies high school male and female teachers' perceptions of character education in Islamic studies textbooks?The results of this study are expected to fill the dearth of knowledge about how male and female teachers perceive character education in high school Islamic studies curricula in Arabs contexts in general and in Saudi high school contexts in particular. High school Islamic studies male and female teachers' perceptions of character education in high school Islamic studies curricula were scrutinized by using a five Likert-type questionnaire of twenty items which were assayed quantitatively utilizing descriptive data. The participants of the study were a hundred high school Islamic studies male and female teachers in the Asir region. The foremost results of the investigation indicated that responses of high school Islamic studies male and female teachers to the statements in the questionnaire were positive. The study revealed that the use of character education in high school Islamic studies curricula is beneficial. Based on the findings, the study recommended exploring the role of character education in other textbooks on social studies, languages, and the like.