bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plumbagin alleviates obesity‐related asthma: Targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and the AMPK pathway
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Liang Dongxue , Liu Linlin , Liu Lihua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity‐related asthma, a specific type of asthma, tends to have more severe symptoms and more frequent exacerbations, and it is insensitive to standard medications. Plumbagin (PLB) has many positive effects on human health. However, it remains unclear whether PLB protects against obesity‐related asthma. The study investigated the effect of PLB on obesity‐related asthma.MethodsFour‐week‐old male C57BL6/J mice were fed either standard‐chow diet or high‐fat diet (HFD). The mice were sensitized to 100 μg ovalbumin (OVA) once a week and intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg PLB once daily from Week 10 to 11 and then challenged with 10 μg OVA twice a day on Week 12. The lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected 48 h after the first OVA challenge.ResultsHFD enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration within the airways and increased total inflammatory cell and eosinophil counts, levels of eosinophil‐related inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐5, and eotaxin in BALF, and oxidative stress in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. PLB reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the airway walls, levels of eosinophil‐related inflammatory cytokines in BALF, and oxidative stress in lung tissues of obese asthmatic mice. In addition, PLB restored HFD‐induced decreases in adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation.ConclusionThe study suggested that HFD exacerbated inflammation and oxidative stress, while PLB probably alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress and activated AMPK pathway to attenuate obesity‐associated asthma. Thus, PLB likely had the potential to treat obesity‐related asthma.
Development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is independent of eosinophils in a preclinical model
Authors: Pan Qi , Chen Cheng , Gong Zhaoting , Chen Guihao , Yang Yuejin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe increasing burden of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has become a global health problem. HFpEF is characterized by systematic inflammation, cardiac metabolic remodeling, and fibrosis. Eosinophils act as an essential but generally overlooked subgroup of white blood cells, which participate in cardiac fibrosis, as reported in several recent studies. Herein, we explored the role of eosinophils in a “two‐hit” preclinical HFpEF model. The peripheral eosinophil counts were comparable between the normal chow and HFpEF mice. Deficiency of eosinophils failed to alter the phenotype of HFpEF. Conclusively, the development of HFpEF is independent of eosinophils in terms of the functional, biochemical, and histological results.
Swansea criteria evaluation in acute fatty liver of pregnancy, hemolysis elevated liver enzyme and low platelet syndrome, pre‐eclampsia, and viral acute liver failure in pregnancy
Authors: Devarbhavi Harshad , Venkatachala Preethi R. , Devamsh G. N. , Shalimar  , Aashik Y. S. , Patil Mallikarjun , Acharya Subrat K. 
Published: September 2023

SynopsisNot only AFLP but also HELLP and acute liver failure due to viruses in pregnancy meet the Swansea criteria, meriting a reappraisal and a reevaluation of the criteria.
MMTFN: Multi‐modal multi‐scale transformer fusion network for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis
Authors: Miao Shang , Xu Qun , Li Weimin , Yang Chao , Sheng Bin , Liu Fangyu , Bezabih Tsigabu T. , Yu Xiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease that can cause dementia symptoms. Currently, most research methods for diagnosing AD rely on fusing neuroimaging data of different modalities to exploit their heterogeneity and complementarity. However, effectively using such multi‐modal information to construct fusion methods remains a challenging problem. To address this issue, we propose a multi‐modal multi‐scale transformer fusion network (MMTFN) for computer‐aided diagnosis of AD. Our network comprises 3D multi‐scale residual block (3DMRB) layers and the Transformer network that jointly learns potential representations of multi‐modal data. The 3DMRB with multi‐scale aggregation efficiently extracts local abnormal information related to AD in the brain. We conducted five experiments to validate our model using MRI and PET images of 720 subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The experimental results show that our proposed network outperformed existing models, achieving a final classification accuracy of 94.61% for AD and Normal Control.
INTEGRATED MODELING: AN AVIONICS CASE STUDY
Authors: Maier Mark W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntegrated Modeling is a methodology that synthesizes the functional, physical, performance, and managerial designs of a system. It makes use of Quality Function Deployment, real time structured methods, and metrics to produce linked and checkable system designs. Integrated Modeling is an outgrowth of experience in applying structured methodologies to avionics systems. This paper describes the application of Integrated Modeling to a simplified radar warning receiver. This study grew out of a larger re‐engineering study of a major avionics system. This case study simplifies the system, but explicitly integrates the performance, functional, and physical projections of the system.
4.4.4 Adapting UML for an Object Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM)
Authors: Lykins Howard , Friedenthal Sanford , Meilich Abraham 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObject‐oriented (OO) techniques have been used predominately by software engineers. Why would systems engineers want to add OO techniques to their existing practices? How should such techniques be adapted to be useful to systems engineers? This paper will show how an Object‐Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM) addresses these questions and how the use of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) at the systems engineering (SE) level can facilitate capture of system requirements and design information and ease communication between systems and software engineers. The techniques overviewed in this paper have been applied to information systems and have allowed engineers to model system needs, requirements, architectural design, and their allocation to hardware, software, databases, and manual procedures. The authors believe that OOSEM is applicable to engineering of other types of systems as well.
1.6.4 Systems Engineering is Not Just Engineering—Or is It? A Critical Look at the Scope of our Profession
Authors: Martin James N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is commonly perceived that systems engineering is merely another branch of engineering. Of course, in many ways this is true. But there are some unique aspects of systems engineering that are not relevant to “regular” engineering. This paper will describe these differences. By understanding these differences, it will help the practitioner of the systems discipline to perform the requisite tasks in a more effective manner. For systems engineering to develop into a more mature discipline, it is essential that all key attributes of the practice be understood. This paper will attempt to describe these key attributes.
Anti‐Siglec‐15 Antibody Prevents Marked Bone Loss after Acute Spinal Cord Injury‐Induced Immobilization in Rats
Authors: Peng Yuanzhen , Langermann Solomon , Kothari Priyanka , Liu Linda , Zhao Wei , Hu Yizhong , Chen Zihao , Moraes de Lima Perini Mariana , Li Jiliang , Cao Jay , Guo X. Edward , Chen Lieping , Bauman William A. , Qin Weiping 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTRapid and extensive sublesional bone loss after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a difficult medical problem that has been refractory to available interventions except the antiresorptive agent denosumab (DMAB). While DMAB has shown some efficacy in inhibiting bone loss, its concurrent inhibition of bone formation limits its use. Sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin (Siglec)‐15 is expressed on the cell surface of mature osteoclasts. Anti‐Siglec‐15 antibody (Ab) has been shown to inhibit osteoclast maturation and bone resorption while maintaining osteoblast activity, which is distinct from current antiresorptive agents that inhibit the activity of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The goal of the present study is to test a Siglec‐15 Ab (NP159) as a new treatment option to prevent bone loss in an acute SCI model. To this end, 4‐month‐old male Wistar rats underwent complete spinal cord transection and were treated with either vehicle or NP159 at 20 mg/kg once every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. SCI results in significant decreases in bone mineral density (BMD, −18.7%), trabecular bone volume (−43.1%), trabecular connectivity (−59.7%), and bone stiffness (−76.3%) at the distal femur. Treatment with NP159 almost completely prevents the aforementioned deterioration of bone after SCI. Blood and histomorphometric analyses revealed that NP159 is able to greatly inhibit bone resorption while maintaining bone formation after acute SCI. In ex vivo cultures of bone marrow cells, NP159 reduces osteoclastogenesis while increasing osteoblastogenesis. In summary, treatment with NP159 almost fully prevents sublesional loss of BMD and metaphysis trabecular bone volume and preserves bone strength in a rat model of acute SCI. Because of its unique ability to reduce osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption while promoting osteoblastogenesis to maintain bone formation, Siglec‐15 Ab may hold greater promise as a therapeutic agent, compared with the exclusively antiresorptive or anabolic agents that are currently used, in mitigating the striking bone loss that occurs after SCI or other conditions associated with severe immobilization. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Experience conducting a community‐engaged student research project involving an underrepresented community: A reflective essay
Authors: Grieve LilyAnne M. , Murthy Vinaya S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecruiting racially and ethnically underrepresented participants into genetics research studies has been challenging. While many institutions have taken steps to address the inequity in genetics research, genetic counseling training programs have the chance to inspire students to engage with underrepresented communities through utilizing different research methodologies. These methodologies can help students focus on research projects that increase access to genetics services and improve clinical care. Community‐engaged research (CER) presents a pedagogical approach to enhance service‐learning opportunities for students. Furthermore, it allows students to develop practical research skills for doing research with the community, rather than on the community. CER is a collaborative community‐academic partnership that leads to mutual benefit and outcomes such as inclusion and engagement of the community in research, building trust and relationships, and increasing cultural awareness and exposure. In addition, CER can be used to address research and healthcare inequities by providing opportunities for genetics professionals and trainees to work closely with underrepresented populations. We aim to highlight the opportunities CER provides to students, mentors, and faculty within the context of graduate research in genetic counseling training from the experiences of a student and an educator. In addition, we hope to emphasize the necessity for projects like these to address the gaps in participation of underrepresented patient populations in research and identify areas that are mutually beneficial to improve health outcomes, patient care experiences, access, and service delivery. This reflective essay illustrates the completion of a CER project that was developed in collaboration with community members to address gaps in clinical genetics services in Indigenous healthcare.
Statement from the Asia Summit: Current state of arrhythmia care in Asia
Authors: Shimizu Wataru , Kusumoto Fred M. , Agbayani Michael‐Joseph F. , Apiyasawat Sirin , Chen Minglong , Ching Chi Keong , Choi Jong‐Il , Do Van Buu Dan , Hanafy Dicky A. , Hurwitz Jodie L. , Johar Sofian , Kalman Jonathan M. , Khan Aamir Hameed H. , Khmao Pichmanil , Krahn Andrew D. , Ngarmukos Tachapong , Nguyen Son Thai Binh , Nwe Nwe , Oh Seil , Soejima Kyoko , Stiles Martin K. , Tsao Hsuan‐Ming , Tseveendee Saruul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOn May 27, 2022, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society and the Heart Rhythm Society convened a meeting of leaders from different professional societies of healthcare providers committed to arrhythmia care from the Asia Pacific region. The overriding goals of the meeting were to discuss clinical and health policy issues that face each country for providing care for patients with electrophysiologic issues, share experiences and best practices, and discuss potential future solutions. Participants were asked to address a series of questions in preparation for the meeting. The format of the meeting was a series of individual country reports presented by the leaders from each of the professional societies followed by open discussion. The recorded presentations from the Asia Summit can be accessed athttps://www.heartrhythm365.org/URL/asiasummit‐22. Three major themes arose from the discussion. First, the major clinical problems faced by different countries vary. Although atrial fibrillation is common throughout the region, the most important issues also include more general issues such as hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, tobacco abuse, and management of potentially life‐threatening problems such as sudden cardiac arrest or profound bradycardia. Second, there is significant variability in the access to advanced arrhythmia care throughout the region because of differences in workforce availability, resources, drug availability, and national health policies. Third, collaboration in the area already occurs between individual countries, but no systematic regional method for working together is present.
Custom three‐dimensional printed implants for reconstruction of oncologic pelvic defects
Authors: Oyem Precious C. , Burke Zachary D. , Mesko Nathan W. , Nystrom Lukas M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of three‐dimensional printed implants in the field of orthopedic surgery has become increasingly popular and has potentiated hip reconstruction in the setting of oncologic resections of the pelvis and acetabulum. In this review, we examine and discuss the indications and technical considerations for custom implant reconstruction of pelvic defects.
Untangling the effects of climate variation and human interference on grassland dynamics in North China
Authors: Ren Hanyu , Liu Yangyang , Wen Zhongming , Shi Haijing , Zhou Ronglei , Wang Zhenqian , Kareem Hafiz Abdul , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimatic and anthropogenic disturbances play pivotal roles in shaping the dynamics of grassland. Quantifying their impacts on grassland variation is essential to ensure sustainable grassland management. In this study, we employed the Thornthwaite Memorial and Carnegie–Ames–Stanford‐approach (CASA) models to investigate the spatiotemporal effects of these two variables on grassland variation in northern China from 2000 to 2016, using the net primary productivity (NPP) as a measure. Our findings reveal that approximately 25.92% of the grassland in northern China experienced degradation, while restored grasslands occupied 45% of the total grassland area. The average grassland actual NPP (ANPP) and human‐induced NPP decreased at rates of −0.60 and −5.62 gC m−2 a−1, respectively. Conversely, potential NPP exhibited an upward trend with an average increase of 2.27 gC m−2 a−1. Furthermore, grassland ANPP showed a projected increase in most parts of northern China. Climate change emerged as the primary driver for grassland restoration in Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Inner Mongolia, leading to an increase of 21582.79 Gg C in grassland NPP. In contrast, human activities were the dominant catalysts for grassland degradation, resulting in a reduction of 51932.3 Gg C in grassland NPP. Human‐induced grassland degradation was ubiquitous in northwest and northeast China. With the exception of slope grassland, climate change primarily influenced the restoration of most grassland types, while human activities were the primary cause of degradation. Our analysis indicated a strong correlation between temperature and grassland degradation, while precipitation played a pivotal role in grassland restoration in northern China. Human interference demonstrated both positive and negative impacts on grassland changes. In conclusion, the increase in precipitation and the implementation of ecological restoration plans have effectively promoted the restoration of grasslands in northern China.
Intratumor microbiome: selective colonization in the tumor microenvironment and a vital regulator of tumor biology
Authors: Jiang Mingjie , Yang Zhongyuan , Dai Juanjuan , Wu Tong , Jiao Zan , Yu Yongchao , Ning Kang , Chen Weichao , Yang Ankui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe polymorphic microbiome has been proposed as a new hallmark of cancer. Intratumor microbiome has been revealed to play vital roles in regulating tumor initiation and progression, but the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully uncovered. In this review, we illustrated that similar to other components in the tumor microenvironment, the reside and composition of intratumor microbiome are regulated by tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The intratumor hypoxic, immune suppressive, and highly permeable microenvironment may select certain microbiomes, and tumor cells may directly interact with microbiome via molecular binding or secretions. Conversely, the intratumor microbiomes plays vital roles in regulating tumor initiation and progression via regulating the mutational landscape, the function of genes in tumor cells and modulating the tumor microenvironment, including immunity, inflammation, angiogenesis, stem cell niche, etc. Moreover, intratumor microbiome is regulated by anti‐cancer therapies and actively influences therapy response, which could be a therapeutic target or engineered to be a therapy weapon in the clinic. This review highlights the intratumor microbiome as a vital component in the tumor microenvironment, uncovers potential mutual regulatory mechanisms between the tumor microenvironment and intratumor microbiome, and points out the ongoing research directions and drawbacks of the research area, which should broaden our view of microbiome and enlighten further investigation directions.
Eddy current‐induced artifact correction in high b‐value ex vivo human brain diffusion MRI with dynamic field monitoring
Authors: Ramos‐Llordén Gabriel , Park Daniel J. , Kirsch John E. , Scholz Alina , Keil Boris , Maffei Chiara , Lee Hong‐Hsi , Bilgic Berkin , Edlow Brian L. , Mekkaoui Choukri , Yendiki Anastasia , Witzel Thomas , Huang Susie Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether spatiotemporal magnetic field monitoring can correct pronounced eddy current‐induced artifacts incurred by strong diffusion‐sensitizing gradients up to 300 mT/m used in high b‐value diffusion‐weighted (DW) EPI.MethodsA dynamic field camera equipped with 16 1H NMR field probes was first used to characterize field perturbations caused by residual eddy currents from diffusion gradients waveforms in a 3D multi‐shot EPI sequence on a 3T Connectom scanner for different gradient strengths (up to 300 mT/m), diffusion directions, and shots. The efficacy of dynamic field monitoring‐based image reconstruction was demonstrated on high‐gradient strength, submillimeter resolution whole‐brain ex vivo diffusion MRI. A 3D multi‐shot image reconstruction framework was developed that incorporated the nonlinear phase evolution measured with the dynamic field camera.ResultsPhase perturbations in the readout induced by residual eddy currents from strong diffusion gradients are highly nonlinear in space and time, vary among diffusion directions, and interfere significantly with the image encoding gradients, changing the k‐space trajectory. During the readout, phase modulations between odd and even EPI echoes become non‐static and diffusion encoding direction‐dependent. Superior reduction of ghosting and geometric distortion was achieved with dynamic field monitoring compared to ghosting reduction approaches such as navigator‐ and structured low‐rank‐based methods or MUSE followed by image‐based distortion correction with the FSL tool “eddy.”ConclusionStrong eddy current artifacts characteristic of high‐gradient strength DW‐EPI can be well corrected with dynamic field monitoring‐based image reconstruction.
Genetic dissection of serum vaspin highlights its causal role in lipid metabolism
Authors: Breitfeld Jana , Horn Katrin , Le Duc Diana , Velluva Akhil , Marzi Carola , Grallert Harald , Friedrich Nele , Pietzner Maik , Völker Uwe , Völzke Henry , Ahlqvist Emma , Aly Dina Mansour , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Baber Ronny , Kratzsch Jürgen , Thiery Joachim , Isermann Berend , Loeffler Markus , Klöting Nora , Blüher Matthias , Stumvoll Michael , Heiker John T. , Tönjes Anke , Scholz Markus , Kovacs Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveVaspin (visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor, SERPINA12) is associated with obesity‐related metabolic traits, but its causative role is still elusive. The role of genetics in serum vaspin variability to establish its causal relationship with metabolically relevant traits was investigated.MethodsA meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies for serum vaspin from six independent cohorts (N = 7446) was conducted. Potential functional variants of vaspin were included in Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess possible causal pathways between vaspin and homeostasis model assessment and lipid traits. To further validate the MR analyses, data from Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) were analyzed, db/db mice were treated with vaspin, and serum lipids were measured.ResultsA total of 468 genetic variants represented by five independent variants (rs7141073, rs1956709, rs4905216, rs61978267, rs73338689) within the vaspin locus were associated with serum vaspin (all p < 5×10−8, explained variance 16.8%). MR analyses revealed causal relationships between serum vaspin and triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. Gene expression correlation analyses suggested that genes, highly correlated with vaspin expression in adipose tissue, are enriched in lipid metabolic processes. Finally, in vivo vaspin treatment reduced serum triglycerides in obese db/db mice.ConclusionsThe data show that serum vaspin is strongly determined by genetic variants within vaspin, which further highlight vaspin's causal role in lipid metabolism.