bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-lapachone-mediated WST1 Reduction as Indicator for the Cytosolic Redox Metabolism of Cultured Primary Astrocytes
Authors: Watermann Patrick , Dringen Ralf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectron cycler-mediated extracellular reduction of the water-soluble tetrazolium salt 1 (WST1) is frequently used as tool for the determination of cell viability. We have adapted this method to monitor by determining the extracellular WST1 formazan accumulation the cellular redox metabolism of cultured primary astrocytes via the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of the electron cycler β-lapachone by cytosolic NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Cultured astrocytes that had been exposed to β-lapachone in concentrations of up to 3 µM remained viable and showed an almost linear extracellular accumulation of WST1 formazan for the first 60 min, while higher concentrations of β-lapachone caused oxidative stress and impaired cell metabolism. β-lapachone-mediated WST1 reduction was inhibited by the NQO1 inhibitors ES936 and dicoumarol in a concentration-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition observed at inhibitor concentrations of about 0.3 µM. β-lapachone-mediated WST1 reduction depended strongly on glucose availability, while mitochondrial substrates such as lactate, pyruvate or ketone bodies allowed only residual β-lapachone-mediated WST1 reduction. Accordingly, the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors antimycin A and rotenone hardly affected astrocytic WST1 reduction. Both NADH and NADPH are known to supply electrons for reactions catalysed by cytosolic NQO1. Around 60% of the glucose-dependent β-lapachone-mediated WST1 reduction was prevented by the presence of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor G6PDi-1, while the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor iodoacetate had only little inhibitory potential. These data suggest that pentose phosphate pathway-generated NADPH, and not glycolysis-derived NADH, is the preferred electron source for cytosolic NQO1-catalysed reductions in cultured astrocytes.
How not to write a constitution: lessons from Chile
Authors: Larrain Guillermo , Negretto Gabriel , Voigt Stefan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOn September 4, 2022, Chilean voters massively turned down a constitutional proposal that responded to widely shared criticisms of the 1980 constitution and emerged from a consensual and participatory process. This result is paradoxical because ex ante, the odds seemed largely in favor of changing the status quo. We argue that three factors, which derived from the interaction between rules and political contingency, explain the outcome: a Convention under the control of party-less independents, the exceptional underrepresentation of the political right, and a highly decentralized and public writing process. We extract some lessons from the failed experience that can be useful for countries seeking to deepen democratization through constitutional change and for a future constitution-making process in Chile.
Economics as moral exchange: James Buchanan meets Martin Buber
Authors: Brough Tyler J. , Simmons Randy T 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, we examine the methodological writings of James M. Buchanan and relate them to those of the moral philosopher, Martin Buber. We analyze Buchanan’s views, both explicit and implicit in his writings, on the morality of the exchange relationship between individuals. We imagine a hypothetical meeting between Buchanan and Buber and conclude that Buchanan would have agreed with Buber’s dialogical philosophy of human interaction as a foundation for his catallactic point of view.
On the readability of texts presented in sentence-by-sentence segments to beginner readers: Evidence from self-paced reading and eye tracking
Authors: Koornneef Arnout 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany digital reading applications have built-in features to control the presentation flow of texts by segmenting those texts into smaller linguistic units. Whether and how these segmentation techniques affect the readability of texts is largely unknown. With this background, the current study examined a recent proposal that a sentence-by-sentence presentation mode of texts improves reading comprehension of beginning readers because this presentation mode encourages them to engage in more effortful sentence wrap-up processing. In a series of self-paced reading and eye-tracking experiments with primary school pupils as participants (6–9 years old; n = 134), reading speed and text comprehension were assessed in a full-page control condition—i.e., texts were presented in their entirety—and in an experimental condition in which texts were presented in sentence-by-sentence segments. The results showed that text comprehension scores were higher for segmented texts than for full-page texts. Furthermore, in the final word-regions of the sentences in the texts, the segmented layout induced longer reading times than the full-page layout did. However, mediation analyses revealed that these inflated reading times had no, or even a disruptive influence on text comprehension. This indicates that the observed comprehension advantage for segmented texts cannot be attributed to more effortful sentence wrap-up. A more general implication of these findings is that the segmentation features of reading applications should be used with caution (e.g., in educational or professional settings) because it is unclear how they affect the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms that underlie reading.
Analysis of Geoeffective Impulsive Events on the Sun During the First Half of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Gil Agnieszka , Berendt-Marchel Monika , Modzelewska Renata , Siluszyk Agnieszka , Siluszyk Marek , Wawrzaszek Anna , Wawrzynczak Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA coronal mass ejection (CME) is an impulsive event that emerges rapidly from the Sun. We observed a quiet Sun without many spectacular episodes during the last decade. Although some fast halo and partial halo CMEs had taken place, among them was the backside CME on 23 July 2012. In this work, we verify the link between the variability of solar-wind, heliospheric and geomagnetic parameters and the transmission grid failures registered in southern Poland during 2010 – 2014 when many geomagnetic storms appeared, caused by halo and partial halo CMEs. We aim to apply three machine learning methods: Principal Components Analysis, Self-Organizing Maps, and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering to analyze sources on the Sun and the impacts of the intense geomagnetic storms in the first half of Solar Cycle 24. The conducted analyzes underline the importance of solar-wind proton temperature and point out other solar-wind and geomagnetic parameters independently indicated by all the methods used in this study.
The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Mission: Final Calibrations and Data Products
Authors: Woods Thomas N. , Leibacher John W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) was a NASA mission that operated from 2003 to 2020 to provide key climate-monitoring measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar spectral irradiance (SSI). This topical collection provides an overview of some of the key SORCE science results, an overview of mission operations and how anomalies impacted the science observations, a detailed description of the updated algorithms used in producing the final data products of TSI and SSI from the four SORCE instruments, and results from an underflight calibration-rocket experiment flown in June 2018. The 17-year-long SORCE mission has made many contributions to the climate records of TSI and SSI that date back to the 1970s, and, fortunately, similar observations from the Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) are able to continue these Sun-climate records after SORCE without a gap.
Context-Driven Detection of Invertebrate Species in Deep-Sea Video
Authors: McEver R. Austin , Zhang Bowen , Levenson Connor , Iftekhar A S M , Manjunath B. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEach year, underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) collect thousands of hours of video of unexplored ocean habitats revealing a plethora of information regarding biodiversity on Earth. However, fully utilizing this information remains a challenge as proper annotations and analysis require trained scientists’ time, which is both limited and costly. To this end, we present a Dataset for Underwater Substrate and Invertebrate Analysis (DUSIA), a benchmark suite and growing large-scale dataset to train, validate, and test methods for temporally localizing four underwater substrates as well as temporally and spatially localizing 59 underwater invertebrate species. DUSIA currently includes over ten hours of footage across 25 videos captured in 1080p at 30 fps by an ROV following pre-planned transects across the ocean floor near the Channel Islands of California. Each video includes annotations indicating the start and end times of substrates across the video in addition to counts of species of interest. Some frames are annotated with precise bounding box locations for invertebrate species of interest, as seen in Fig. 1. To our knowledge, DUSIA is the first dataset of its kind for deep sea exploration, with video from a moving camera, that includes substrate annotations and invertebrate species that are present at significant depths where sunlight does not penetrate. Additionally, we present the novel context-driven object detector (CDD) where we use explicit substrate classification to influence an object detection network to simultaneously predict a substrate and species class influenced by that substrate. We also present a method for improving training on partially annotated bounding box frames. Finally, we offer a baseline method for automating the counting of invertebrate species of interest.
Novel development of zinc oxide–coated carbon nanoparticles from pineapple leaves using sol gel method for optimal adsorption of Cu2+ and reuse in latent fingerprint application
Authors: Fouda-Mbanga Bienvenu-Gael , Pillay Kriveshini , Tywabi-Ngeva Zikhona 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study underlines a latest approach of preparing nitrogen carbon nanoparticles fused on zinc oxide nanoparticle nanocomposite (N-CNPs/ZnONP nanocomposite) for the uptake of copper ions (Cu2+) from wastewater using a sol gel method. The metal loaded adsorbent was then applied in the latent fingerprint application. N-CNPs/ZnONP nanocomposite proved to be a good sorbent for the optimal adsorption of Cu2+ at pH 8 and 1.0 g/L dosage. Langmuir isotherm best fitted the process with the maximum adsorption capacity of 285.71 mg/g that was superior to most values reported in other studies for the removal of Cu2+. At 25 °C, the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, Cu2+-N-CNPs/ZnONP nanocomposite revealed to be sensitive and selective for latent fingerprint (LFP) identification on a variety of porous surfaces. As a result, it is an excellent identifying chemical for latent fingerprint recognition in forensic science.
Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of IL-23 inhibitors in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Xiaojing , Shentu Haojie , He Yujing , Lai Haijia , Xu Chen , Chen Meiling , Zhu Haowei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the use of interleukin (IL) 23 inhibitors in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has been the subject of much research. By specifically binding to the p19 subunit of IL-23, IL-23 inhibitors block downstream signaling pathways and inhibit inflammatory responses. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of IL-23 inhibitors in the treatment of PsA. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched from the time of conception to June 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of IL-23 in PsA therapy. The main outcome of interest was the American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) response rate at week 24. We included six RCTs (3 studies on guselkumab, 2 on risankizumab, and 1 on tildrakizumab) with a total of 2971 PsA patients in our meta-analysis. We found that the IL-23 inhibitor group showed a significantly higher ACR20 response rate compared to the placebo group (relative risk = 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.57–1.92; P < 0.001; I2 = 40%). There was no statistical difference in the risk of adverse events (P = 0.07) and serious adverse events (P = 0.20) between the IL-23 inhibitor and placebo groups. Notably, the rate of elevated transaminases in the IL-23 inhibitor group was higher than the placebo group (relative risk = 1.69; 95%CI 1.29–2.23; P < 0.001; I2 = 24%). In the treatment of PsA, IL-23 inhibitors significantly outperform placebo intervention while maintaining a favorable safety profile.
Talking About Audio: Analysing Book Industry Trade Talk on Audiobooks and Streaming in Sweden and Norway
Authors: Colbjørnsen Terje , Tallerås Kim , Steiner Ann 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStreaming services are creating significant shifts in Scandinavia, with audiobooks distributed through subscription-based services accounting for about a quarter of sales in the Swedish and Norwegian book markets. In this study we ask: What are the common and diverging themes of trade talk on audiobooks and streaming services in Sweden and Norway? Our findings indicate that trade talk in the two countries differs distinctively. The differences suggest that discussions over audiobooks and streaming form two quite distinct discourses: A business and innovation discourse which is dominant in Sweden and a cultural policy discourse which is dominant in Norway.
Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation After Surgery: a Systematic Review
Authors: Reddavid Rossella , Ballauri E. , Aguilar Hogla Aridai Resendiz , Cardile Mathieu , Marchiori Giulia , Sbuelz Francesca , Degiuli Maurizio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Duodenal perforation consequent to prior surgery is a rare but severe complication carrying serious consequences if not promptly managed. This study aims to identify the best treatment pathway available to date. This is a systematic review registered to PROSPERO. The literature research was conducted on Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane up to February 2022 to identify all papers reporting surgical-related duodenal perforations. Twelve articles were included. Most of these studies were case reports or case series. The most common cause of perforation was laparoscopic cholecystectomy (72.7%). The median time to symptom appearance was 2 days. Most of these perforations were severe injuries located in the first portion of the duodenum. Only one patient was treated with a non-interventional conservative management, which failed. Five patients were managed with interventional non-surgical treatments: 4 with endoscopy (50% failure) and one with a percutaneous occluder. Different surgical treatments were reported: direct suture (100% failure), direct suture and T-tube duodenostomy (75% failure), simple abdominal drainage, and suture with pyloric exclusion. Further extensive surgeries were also reported. The overall mortality rate was 13.6%, with a median hospital stay of 38.5 days. This review shows a wide spectrum of managements for patients with duodenal perforation related to prior surgery. The decision on which treatment to adopt must consider patient’s clinical setting and duodenal defect characteristics (size, site, and time to diagnosis). A tentative treatment flowchart is provided, although larger sample size studies are needed to obtain a treatment pathway based on evidence.
Diffusion dynamics and characterization of attogram masses in optically trapped single nanoparticles using laser-induced plasma imaging
Authors: Purohit Pablo , Fortes Francisco J. , Laserna Javier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present work, a wavelength-selected plasma imaging analysis system is presented and used to track photons emitted from single-trapped nanoparticles in air at atmospheric pressure. The isolated nanoentities were atomized and excited into plasma state using single nanosecond laser pulses. The use of appropriate wavelength filters alongside time-optimized acquisition settings enabled the detection of molecular and atomic emissions in the plasma. The photon detection efficiency of the imaging line resulted in a signal > 400 times larger than the simultaneously-acquired dispersive spectroscopy data. The increase in sensitivity outlined the evolution of diverse physicochemical processes at the single particle scale which included heat and momentum transfer from the plasma into the particle as wells as chemical reactions. The imaging detection of excited fragments evidenced different diffusion kinetics and time frames for atoms and molecules and their influence upon both the spectroscopic emission readout and fabrication processes using the plasma as a reactor. Moreover, the origin of molecular species, whether naturally-occurring or derived from a chemical reaction in the plasma, could also be studied on the basis of compositional gradients found on the images. Limits of detection for the inspected species ranged from tens to hundreds attograms, thus leading to an exceptional sensing principle for single nanoentities that may impact several areas of science and technology.
Cybersicherheit für Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
Authors: Möller Tobias Alexander 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag fokussiert sich auf die unterschiedlichen Bedrohungen für Deutschland im Cyberraum und die Abwehr dieser Gefahren. Er thematisiert die gegenwärtige Bedrohungslage im Cyberraum durch eine praxisnahe Betrachtung von Akteuren und Methoden sowie die Entwicklungen in den Bereichen Ransomware und Advanced Persistent Threat. Zudem beleuchtet der Beitrag das Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik als zentralen Akteur in der deutschen Cybersicherheit.
Luteolin promotes KAT6A gene expression
Authors: Brun P. , Dettin M. , Vettor R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDe novo, rare, and genomic variants in the KAT6A gene have been associated with cases of intellectual disability with speech/language impairment. The pathogenic variants of KAT6A gene can produce the KAT6A enzyme inefficiently, faulty, or in inappropriate quantity. In order to search for compounds able to modulate the KAT6A gene expression, we treated primary human osteoblasts with molecules structurally similar to bisphenol A, a potentially toxic compound known as an upregulator of KAT6A gene expression. We further demonstrated that much safer compounds, such as luteolin and 17 α hydroxyprogesterone, could induce the upregulation of KAT6A gene in human osteoblasts.
Reynolds number effects on the prediction
of mean flow data for adiabatic 2-D compressible
boundary layers
Authors: Motallebi F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a method for the prediction of mean
flow data (i.e. skin friction, velocity profile and
shape parameter) for adiabatic two-dimensional
compressible turbulent boundary layers at zero
pressure gradient. The transformed law of the wall,
law of the wake, the van Driest model for the
complete inner region and a correlation between the
Reynolds number based on the boundary layer integral
length scale (ReΔ*.) and the Reynolds
number based on the boundary layer momentum
thickness (Reθw) were used to predict the
mean flow quantities. The results for skin friction
coefficient show good agreement with a number of
existing theories including the van Driest II and
the Huang et al. Comparison with a
large number of experimental data suggests that at
least for transonic and supersonic flows, the
velocity profile as described by van Driest and
Coles is Reynolds number dependent and should not be
presumed universal. Extra information or perhaps a
better physical approach to the formulation of the
mean structure of compressible turbulent boundary
layers even in zero pressure gradient and adiabatic
condition, is required in order to achieve complete
(physical and mathematical) convergence when it is
applied in any prediction methods.
Reliability, maintainability and
development cost implications of variable camber
wings
Authors: Fielding J. P. , Vaziry-Zanjany M. A. F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA computer assisted conceptual aircraft design
methodology (CACAD) has been developed to size
turbofan powered transport aircraft. New modules for
predicting the maintenance costs of each airframe
system and subsection of structure, were developed
and incorporated into CACAD.Many aspects of variable camber wing technology (VCW)
were modelled. These included different types of
drag saving due to chordwise, as well as spanwise
camber variation. Models were also derived for mass,
maintenance cost, and extra development cost
increments for wing trailing edge devices, flight
control, and hydraulic systems. These were
incorporated into CACAD, and then a
multidisciplinary trade-off study resulted in
predicted savings of up to 3·5% in direct operating
cost (DOC). The technology was evaluated for DOC
improvement against a number of existing, future,
and derivative aircraft, under different sensitivity
conditions. Reliability, maintainability, and
development (R, M&D) predictions were shown to
be decisive in determining the feasibility of VCW
technology. The study showed that long range, low to
medium capacity, derivative aircraft are the most
suitable applications for VCW technology.
Crack growth characteristics of integrally
machined stringer–skin panels
Authors: Young J. B. , Ashfaq Sheikh M. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe variation of the stress intensity factor (SIF) for
cracks growing in integrally machined stiffened skin
panels have been studied in an isotropic material.
The stringer-skin panel has been modelled using the
Nastran finite element system with allowance for
crack tip singularity by use of crack tip elements.
To allow for variations in stringer and skin
geometry, three stiffness ratios (stringer
stiffness-skin stiffness) were investigated.The stress intensity factors have been converted into
nondimensionalised values of stress intensity factor
coefficients (K1/K0). A damage
tolerant and residual strength analysis has been
carried out using an in-house computer program.
Results indicate very little difference for the
different stiffness ratios examined.
Aerodynamic characteristics of low-drag
bicycle wheels
Authors: Greenwell D. I. , Wood N. J. , L. Bridge E. K. , Addy R. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA number of modern “aerodynamic” bicycle wheels were
tested at full scale speeds in a windtunnel. The
effects of wheel geometry, rotational speed and
cross winds on drag force, side force and yawing
moment were investigated.Compared with a conventional spoked wheel, all the
“aerodynamic” wheels were found to give similar
improvements in drag of approximately 25%. In cross
wind conditions, aerodynamic characteristics were
strongly dependent on wheel geometry, but
essentially independent of wheel rotational
speed.
A note on the interpretation of mini-tuft
photographs
Authors: Mabey D. G. , Welsh B. L. , Pyne C. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough mini-tufts are considered generally to show
the surface flow direction on windswept surfaces,
there is some uncertainty about their correct
interpretation, particularly as three-dimensional
flows approach separation. This note provides some
guidance on this controversial question, based on
experience with mini-tufts on wings, fins and
canards in the DRA 13 ft x 9 ft low speed
wind-tunnel at Bedford.An illustration of the value of the technique is given.
Mini-tuft photographs are used to identify the
trailing edge condition which relates to the
classification of the steady and fluctuation
pressure distributions observed a swept wing with a
conical, separated flow.