bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide and long-term epidemiological research of snakebite envenomation in Taiwan during 2002–2014 based on the use of snake antivenoms: A study utilizing National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Hsu Jen-Yu , Chiang Shu-O , Yang Chen-Chang , Hsieh Tan-Wen , Chung Chi-Jung , Mao Yan-Chiao 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionIn Taiwan, six venomous snake species with medical importance have been found; however, long-term epidemiological data of snakebite envenomation (SBE) is lacking. This study aimed to explore the epidemiology of SBE based on the distribution and use of different antivenoms in different parts of Taiwan to facilitate the development of prevention strategies and resource allocation.Methods and resultsThis retrospective study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2002 to 2014. A total of 12,542 patients were treated with antivenoms. The directly standardized cumulative incidence was 3.6 cases per 100,000 individuals based on the 2000 World Standard Population. The incidence of SBEs peaked in the summer (35.9%). The relative risk (RR) of male patients versus female patients was 2.5 (p< 0.0001). The RRs of patients aged 18–64 and ≥65 years versus those aged <18 years were 6.0 (p< 0.0001) and 14.3 (p< 0.0001), respectively. Furthermore, the RR of eastern Taiwan versus northern Taiwan was 6.8 (p< 0.0001). The RR of agricultural workers versus laborers was 5.5 (p< 0.0001). Compared with patients envenomed byTrimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeriorProtobothrops mucrosquamatus, those envenomed byNaja atraorBungarus multicinctus multicinctuswere more likely to occur in central (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.6,p< 0.0001) or southern (aOR = 3.2,p< 0.0001) Taiwan, but less frequently among agricultural workers (aOR = 0.6,p< 0.0001). The overall case-fatality rate was 0.11%.ConclusionsAmong Asian countries, Taiwan had low incidence and case-fatality rates of SBE. Risk factors included male gender, old age, summer season, being in eastern Taiwan, and being an agricultural worker. Differences of the epidemiological findings between snake species should be focused on when developing strategies for snakebite prevention.
Postoperative mortality analysis on nationwide data from diagnosis procedure combination database in Japan
Authors: Kunisawa Susumu 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
The present study aimed to investigate the postoperative mortality due to all surgeries at the prefectural level using a nationwide diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) database in Japan and to evaluate the data according to temporal changes and regional differences.

Methods
Data were provided in accordance with the guidelines indicated on the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. The number of cases and in-hospital mortality were calculated for each representative surgery for each hospitalization according to fiscal year of discharge from 2011 to 2018 and according to prefecture. Values of ≥10 in each aggregated data cell were presented.

Results and discussion
The aggregated result data contain 474,154 records, with about 2,000 different surgical codes. More than 10 mortalities were recorded in only 16,890 data cells, which can be used in the mortality analysis. In the analyses of artificial head insertion, cerebral aneurysm neck clipping, coronary artery and aortic bypass grafting, and tracheotomy, regional differences and a declining trend were observed in some categories.

Conclusion
In addition to considering categories that can be used in the analysis, careful consideration must be given to the inclusion of background context such as the quality of care.
Placental pathology reports: A qualitative study in a US university hospital setting on perceived clinical utility and areas for improvement
Authors: Gallagher Kelly , Aruma Jane-Frances C. , Oji-Mmuo Christiana N. , Pauli Jaimey M. , Curtin William M. , Goldstein Jeffery A. , Stuckey Heather L. , Gernand Alison D. 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To explore how placental pathology is currently used by clinicians and what placental information would be most useful in the immediate hours after delivery.

Study design
We used a qualitative study design to conduct in-depth, semi-structured interviews with obstetric and neonatal clinicians who provide delivery or postpartum care at an academic medical center in the US (n = 19). Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using descriptive content analysis.

Results
Clinicians valued placental pathology information yet cited multiple barriers that prevent the consistent use of pathology. Four main themes were identified. First, the placenta is sent to pathology for consistent reasons, however, the pathology report is accessed by clinicians inconsistently due to key barriers: difficult to find in the electronic medical record, understand, and get quickly. Second, clinicians value placental pathology for explanatory capability as well as for contributions to current and future care, particularly when there is fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, or antibiotic use. Third, a rapid placental exam (specifically including placental weight, infection, infarction, and overall assessment) would be helpful in providing clinical care. Fourth, placental pathology reports that connect clinically relevant findings (similar to radiology) and that are written with plain, standardized language and that non-pathologists can more readily understand are preferred.

Conclusion
Placental pathology is important to clinicians that care for mothers and newborns (particularly those that are critically ill) after birth, yet many problems stand in the way of its usefulness. Hospital administrators, perinatal pathologists, and clinicians should work together to improve access to and contents of reports. Support for new methods to provide quick placenta information is warranted.
Transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mihretie Gedefaye Nibret , Kassa Bekalu Getnet , Ayele Alemu Degu , Liyeh Tewachew Muche , Belay Habtamu Gebrehana , Miskr Agernesh Dereje , Minuye Binyam , Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye , Worke Mulugeta Dile 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Transactional sex is casual sex between two people to receive material incentives in exchange for sexual favors. Transactional sex is associated with negative consequences, which increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and physiological trauma. In Sub-Saharan Africa, several primary studies have been conducted in various countries to examine the prevalence and associated factors of transactional sex among women. These studies had great discrepancies and inconsistent results. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence of the practice of transactional sex among women and its associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Method
Data source: PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, the Cochrane Library, and grey literature were searched from March 6 to April 24, 2022, and included studies conducted from 2000 to 2022. The pooled prevalence of transactional sex and associated factors was estimated using Random Effect Model. Stata (version 16.0) was used to analyze the data. The I-squared statistic, a funnel plot, and Egger’s test were used to check for heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. A subgroup analysis was done based on the study years, source of data, sample sizes, and geographical location.

Results
The pooled prevalence of transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa was 12.55% (9.59%–15.52%). Early sexual debut (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.27), substance abuse (OR = 4.62, 95% CI: 2.62, 8.08), history of sexual experience (OR = 4.87, 95% CI: 2.37, 10.02), physical violence abuse (OR = 6.70, 95% CI: 3.32, 13.53), orphanhood (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.47), and sexual violence abuse (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.08, 13.05) were significantly associated with transactional sex.

Conclusion
The prevalence of transactional sex among women in sub-Saharan Africa was high. Alcohol consumption, substance abuse, early sex debuts, having a history of sexual experiences, physical violence, and sexual violence increased the practice of transactional sex.
The Stopping Power of Sources
Authors: Driedger Jonas J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe article analyzes arguments, made by John J. Mearsheimer and others, that the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 was largely caused by Western policy. It finds that these arguments rely on a partially false and incomplete reading of history. To do so, the article identifies a range of premises that are both foundational to Mearsheimer’s claims and based on implied or explicit historical interpretations. This includes the varying policies of Ukraine toward NATO and the EU as well as the changing Russian perceptions thereof; the political upheavals in Ukraine in early 2014 that were immediately succeeded by the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbass; and the supposed absence of Russian ‘imperialism’ toward Ukraine prior to 2014. Finding that these interpretations do not hold up in light of relevant and available data, the article qualifies and contextualizes the validity of Mearsheimer’s arguments, points to superior ones, and highlights the need for case-specific expertise when using explanatory theory to make sense of politically salient ongoing events.
Against the Frame: Local Media Coverage of Ontario’s Basic Income Pilot
Authors: Irons Meaghan , Perrella Andrea M. L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The 2017–2018 basic income pilot in the Canadian province of Ontario attempted to alleviate poverty in a precarious economy. With three communities participating, we examine how the pilot was framed by local media, permitting a look at the narratives that were dominant in the participating communities. In essence, were recipients framed as “deserving?” How the media addresses this question can set the foundation for whether policymakers can proceed with basic income. Given that media coverage of poverty alleviation in the United States generally follows an episodic frame, which puts focus on individuals and their particular circumstances (i.e. lifestyle choices), while major Canadian media generally shows a mix of frames, results of a media content analysis at the local level shows basic-income pilot was covered mainly through thematic frames, which emphasizes systemic factors and more general social conditions, which support state action on basic income.
A new method for vital sign detection using FMCW radar based on random body motion cancellation
Authors: Fu Shuai , Ling Ming , Li Zhenhua , Pan Long 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we present a new method for acquiring human vital signs using a Range-Doppler matrix (RDM) of FMCW radar data and a Gaussian interpolation algorithm (GIA). First, the RDM is derived by applying a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) to the radar data, and the GIA is applied in the Doppler dimension to estimate the target velocity signal. Subsequently, a robust enhanced trend filtering (RETF) algorithm is used to eliminate the large-scale body motion from the vital signs. Finally, the time-varying filter-based empirical mode decomposition (TVF-EMD) algorithm is employed to extract the respiratory and heartbeat intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which are filtered according to their respective spectral power to obtain the respiratory and heartbeat frequencies. The proposed method was evaluated using vital signs data collected from seven volunteers (4 males and 3 females) with Texas Instrument’s AWR1642, and the results were compared with data from a reference monitor. The experiments showed that the method had an accuracy of 93 % for respiration and 95 % for heart rate in the presence of random body movements. Unlike traditional radar-based vital signs detection methods, this approach does not rely on range bin selection of the range profile matrix (RPM), thereby avoiding phase wrap problems and producing more accurate results. Currently, research in this field is limited.
An IoT architecture to integrate different machine tools into a compound OPC UA interface
Authors: Strutzenberger Diana , Kunz Martin , Schuster Lisa Magdalena , Mangler Juergen , Hinterbichler Ronald 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the course of efforts to develop and define uniform routines for the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial environments, it has become essential to integrate industrial communication standards such as OPC UA in the context of IoT ontologies and implications for practical implementation. The Sensor, Observation, Sampling, and Actuator Ontology (SOSA) offers the possibility of mapping OPC UA services such as read and write functions to the underlying system in the sense of IoT. As an aid for the practical implementation of industrial use cases, an architecture based on the considerations of a generic modular system is proposed. Variable elements in the implementation of OPC UA interfaces are identified and discussed. The architectural approach is being evaluated by implementing an OPC UA server and supplementary applications in order to embed machine tools with different control systems in industrial production networks.
Exploring the use of tutorial recordings for beginner distance learners of Chinese
Authors: Pleines Christine , Kan Qian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Previous research into listening to recorded tutorial interaction highlights the potential of tutorial recordings as a scalable resource in online contexts. Dialogue between tutor and learner or between peers may mediate the understanding not just of direct participants, but also of listeners, and listening to interactive recordings may facilitate deep learning. In language learning, both direct and indirect interactions have been shown to contribute to language development. This is relevant for online learning design, especially so in contexts where no tutorials are provided, and students are confronted with a challenging language such as Chinese. This paper reports on a small-scale project which explored potential learning benefits of working with recordings of online tutorials in a non-accredited, self-directed course for beginner learners of Chinese through surveys and stimulated recall interviews. Our analysis of the data shows that viewers focused on different visual and auditory elements of the recordings; they participated vicariously in interactions between a teacher and students, and they reported benefits for language learning and motivation. Findings suggest that these perceived benefits and preferences are linked to linguistic competence in comparison with direct attenders. The study aims to feed into a larger research project including more languages and accredited courses at the next stage.
Deconstructing Memory Johannes Cochlaeus’s Life of Martin Luther between Polemics and “Invectivity”
Authors: Dietl Cora 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Johannes Cochlaeus’s Commentaria or Historia de actis et scriptis Martini Lutheri has been described as a “polemical invective.” This essay discusses the double title and the double characterization of the work and argues that its aim is to deconstruct Luther’s memory. Its effectivity derives from the combination of a polemical commentary and an invective biography. According to the Commentaria Luther’s works disgrace the author, and according to the Historia the author disqualifies his own works.
The construction of nuclei for normal constituents of Bπ
-characters
Authors: Jin Jun , Zhang Junwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Let

G

G

be a

π

\pi

-separable group for some set

π

\pi

of primes, let

χ
∈

B

π

(

G

)

\chi \in {B}_{\pi }\left(G)

and let

N

◃

G

N\hspace{0.33em}<mml:mpadded xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">\triangleleft </mml:mpadded>\hspace{0.33em}G

. In this article, we explore how to construct a nucleus for an irreducible constituent of

χ

N

{\chi }_{N}

via the given nucleus

(

W
,
γ

)

\left(W,\gamma )

for

χ

\chi

.
Material flow and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA 5052-H32 and AA6061-T6 alloys with Sc interlayer
Authors: Senthamaraikannan Balamurugan , Krishnamoorthy Jayakumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is superior to fusion welding for joining incompatible alloys. In FSW Al/Mg alloys, developing IMCs like Al3Mg2 and Al12Mg17 is almost predictable and undesirable. Continuous IMCs produce a simple fracture propagation path, increasing brittleness and reducing weld strength. AA5052-H32 and AA6061-T6 were joined with a scandium (Sc) strip in the current study to improve material flow and reduce brittleness. Interlayer added on these alloys are the military-grade aluminium alloys used in the production of ship hull constructions and armoured helicopters. During FSW, a threaded cylinder tool with a rotating speed (TRS) of 1600–2000 rpm, welding speed (WS) of 60–80 mm/min and tool pin depth (TPD) of 0.1–0.4 mm were used to create the weld joints. To improve the strength of the above material combination during FSW, a 2 mm thickness Sc interlayer was added. The mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the weld joints were studied. The maximum ultimate tensile strength value obtained from the cylinder-threaded tool pin profile with 0.1 mm TPD presented 237.63 MPa. Experimental interpretations were employed using response surface methodology-box Behnken design (RSM- BBD). FSW variables’ influence was investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique.
An Environmental Human Rights Approach to Environmental Tobacco Smoking
Authors: Akyuz Emrah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
While there are legal regulations prohibiting smoking in indoor areas in Turkey, there is none for outdoor areas. Many non-smokers are exposed to environmental tobacco smoking against their will in Turkey. Numerous research efforts have documented the fact that environmental tobacco smoke poses risks to human health because it pollutes the environment by releasing dangerous chemicals into the air that non-smokers breathe. This means that tobacco smoking poses risks to a safe environment and people’s lives. People have a right to the environment, as guaranteed by the Turkish Constitution. Since Stockholm Declaration, many countries have recognized that people have a right to a safe environment or that a safe environment is essential to the enjoyment of human rights, including Turkey. However, how non-smokers perceive of the impacts of environmental tobacco smoke on the enjoyment of the right to the environment enshrined within the Turkish legal system has not been studied to date. Accordingly, this research aims to explore how issues relating to environmental tobacco smoke can be approached from an environmental human rights perspective. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative case study was conducted in Istanbul. The results of this analysis show that non-smokers do not enjoy the right to the clean environment guaranteed by the Turkish Constitution due to the ETS.
Mechanical and tribological properties of C/C–SiC ceramic composites with different preforms
Authors: Peng Yuqing , Li Zhiwei , Li Aijun , Wang Qifan , Bai Ruicheng , Zhang Fangzhou 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The C/C–SiC composites were fabricated by the liquid silicon infiltration method. The mechanical and tribological properties of C/C–SiC composites were assessed and compared based on different C/C densities and the carbon fiber textile architecture. The results demonstrated that the bending and shear strengths of C/C–SiC were lower than those of C/C composites, which resulted from the carbon fibers being corroded during the process of infiltration of liquid silicon. In contrast to C/C composites, the compressive strength of C/C–SiC exhibited higher values due to the presence of SiC ceramics. Moreover, the mechanical strength of C/C composites increased gradually with the increase of the C/C preform density. The tribological properties of various C/C–SiC composites showed a stable friction phase at an intermediate braking stage. When the density of C/C preforms was around 1.78 g/cm3, the C/C–SiC composites exhibited excellent friction coefficients (0.438 and 0.465), and low wear rates (linear and weight wear rates were 0.450 µm/time and 0.123 g/cycle, respectively). Furthermore, the C/C–SiC composites fabricated with non-woven carbon fiber needling preforms showed relatively a higher friction value and wear rate than those of C/C–SiC with PANOF integral C/C preforms. Therefore, C/C–SiC composites have been considered promising friction materials for braking system applications.
The impact of parental complaints on teachers working within Scottish schools during Covid-19
Authors: Williams Jane , Lord-Watson Kat , Vettini Amanda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This exploratory research examines the impact of everyday parental complaints on teachers working in Scottish Schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through interviews with 18 teaching professionals, our findings demonstrate that parental complaints both before and during Covid-19 are a feature of school life, even if they were not conceptualised in that way by teaching professionals. We found that teaching professionals have become accustomed to the everyday informal complaints parents voice about schools to the point only serious situations or repeat complaints were considered to be raising a ‘complaint’. Formal complaints procedures were seen as being a barrier to maintaining good relationships with parents. Complaints during Covid were rationalised as coming from anxious parents due to the pandemic, or a small group of parents with unrealistic expectations, or outdated understandings of education. Despite the fact our research was about complaints experienced by teachers during the pandemic, our respondents frequently referenced complaints prior to this, emphasising the impact complaints can have long after they have been made, which resonates with other research on the long-term practical and emotional impact of complaints.