bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why did people avoid information during the COVID-19 pandemic? Understanding information sources' dynamics among Pakistani Z generation
Authors: Soroya Saira Hanif , Faiola Anthony 
Published: March 2023

PurposeGrounded in the stressor-strain-outcome model, this study aims to examine the impact of different information sources on information behavior among the Pakistani Z generation during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study was quantitative, with 344 responses collected from Gen Z (those born in the late 1990s) using an online survey. The proposed structural model was tested with the help of SmartPLS 3.3. Information sources were divided into four categories, i.e. conventional media, personal networks, social media and Internet use through official health websites.FindingsIn the Pakistani context, conventional media was found to develop information overload among Zers, whereas social media and personal networks were positively associated with information anxiety. However, Internet use (official and medical websites) for health-related information-seeking significantly reduced information anxiety among people. None of these information sources are the reason for information avoidance but the sources affect either the independent predictor of information avoidance or the mediators. Whereas information overload is a predictor of information anxiety and information, anxiety is a mediator between information overload and avoidance behavior.Research limitations/implicationsTo avoid the negative consequences of abundant information, the authors need to promote and encourage the use of authentic information sources to make Gen Z skeptical, independent, critical and scientific thinkers.Originality/valueInformation sources' dynamics in terms of negative consequences of abundant information has not been explored previously at this magnitude, particularly from the perspective of a developing country.
Mental health and character strengths: the dual role of boosting well-being and reducing suffering
Authors: Niemiec Ryan M. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine how character strengths have an important dual role in mental health in both promoting well-being and mental wellness and also in reducing symptoms and suffering. While there are many studies that have touched upon variables that character strengths can enhance for mental well-being or reduce for suffering, the author actually knows very little about how character strengths might relate to or impact mental health.

Design/methodology/approach
A large-scale study of 12,050 individuals was conducted to explore the self-perceived character strengths that are most helpful for mental health, for handling physical adversity, for handling social adversity and for fostering psychological well-being.

Findings
Some character strengths showed a general effect – showing a strong perceived impact across multiple domains – such as love, perspective, kindness, hope, humor and curiosity. Other character strengths showed a specific effect in that there was a strong perceived impact in one domain, such as perseverance and self-regulation for physical health, spirituality and social intelligence for social health and creativity for mental health. A strength-based approach to understanding and managing emotions was substantially more preferred than cognitive or behavioral approaches. Other findings examined the character strengths most desired to be improved upon for mental health.

Research limitations/implications
The research strategy was cross-sectional, thereby causality cannot be determined. Because of the large sample size, researchers are encouraged to consider examining the findings in intervention studies.

Practical implications
This study indicates that character strengths are highly relevant for mental health, all 24 character strengths are possible pathways to impact mental health (some more than others) and individuals can readily connect ways they can use their character strengths to positively improve their well-being and manage their suffering.

Social implications
Character strengths and their substantial positive potential provide an avenue for public impact on a large scale.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first known study to directly examine multiple intersections among mental health and character strengths in a large sample.
The longevity response to warm temperature is neurally controlled via the regulation of collagen genes
Authors: Palani Sankara Naynar , Sellegounder Durai , Wibisono Phillip , Liu Yiyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudies in diverse species have associated higher temperatures with shorter lifespan and lower temperatures with longer lifespan. These inverse effects of temperature on longevity are traditionally explained using the rate of living theory, which posits that higher temperatures increase chemical reaction rates, thus speeding up the aging process. Recent studies have identified specific molecules and cells that affect the longevity response to temperature, indicating that this response is regulated, not simply thermodynamic. Here, we demonstrate that in Caenorhabditis elegans, functional loss of NPR‐8, a G protein‐coupled receptor related to mammalian neuropeptide Y receptors, increases worm lifespan at 25°C but not at 20°C or 15°C, and that the lifespan extension at 25°C is regulated by the NPR‐8‐expressing AWB and AWC chemosensory neurons as well as AFD thermosensory neurons. Integrative transcriptomic analyses revealed that both warm temperature and old age profoundly alter gene expression and that genes involved in the metabolic and biosynthetic processes increase expression at 25°C relative to 20°C, indicating elevated metabolism at warm temperature. These data demonstrate that the temperature‐induced longevity response is neurally regulated and also provide a partial molecular basis for the rate of living theory, suggesting that these two views are not mutually exclusive. Genetic manipulation and functional assays further uncovered that the NPR‐8‐dependent longevity response to warm temperature is achieved by regulating the expression of a subset of collagen genes. As increased collagen expression is a common feature of many lifespan‐extending interventions and enhanced stress resistance, collagen expression could be critical for healthy aging.
Description and shaping factors of diet and feeding ecology of neotropical tadpoles: A case study and a comprehensive review
Authors: Gonçalves Iara Matias , Kloh Jéssica Stephanie , Ruthsatz Katharina , Figueredo Cleber Cunha , Eterovick Paula Cabral 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTadpoles are important components of many aquatic food webs as they influence populations at other trophic levels and, ultimately, energy transfer between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. What tadpoles consume is a key factor to their ecological functions. Neotropical anuran assemblages include many species with a larval stage, however, the diets of neotropical tadpoles are relatively poorly known. We performed a systematic review on the available literature on in situ studies of neotropical tadpole diets and found out that most studies are descriptive and temporally restricted, failing to consider seasonal variations. Studies frequently also fail to consider possible ontogenetic dietary variations or tadpoles' capacity to select food based on what is available to them in their habitats. We contributed to this topic by investigating seasonal variations and comparing the diets of two developmental stages of Scinax curicica tadpoles. Tadpole diet varied between dry and rainy seasons, but not between the studied developmental stages. These results, together with published studies, suggest that multiple ecological/physiological factors are likely to influence tadpole food intake and should not be overlooked. Studies on neotropical tadpole feeding ecology, digestion capacity, physiological effects of different diets and microbiome versus diet interactions are highly desirable but largely unexplored. Such studies are likely to add valuable information to understand tadpole roles in aquatic food webs, their growth and development performance resulting from food acquisition and assimilation, and consequently their effects on other species in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Hemoglobin decline as a signal for hyperprolactinemia onset prior to prolactinoma diagnosis in hypogonadal men
Authors: Rudman Yaron , Duskin‐Bitan Hadar , Richter Ilan , Tsvetov Gloria , Masri‐Iraqi Hiba , Akirov Amit , Shimon Ilan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMen harboring prolactinomas frequently suffer from central hypogonadism with secondary anemia. They present insidious and nonspecific symptoms of hypogonadism, making it difficult to diagnose the disease and determine its duration. The result is a delay in diagnosis, which may have harmful hormonal and metabolic consequences. We hypothesized that a decrease in hemoglobin (HB) levels prior to prolactinoma diagnosis, may signal hyperprolactinemia onset and estimate disease duration.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the prediagnosis temporal trends in HB levels of 70 males with prolactinoma, diagnosed from January 2010 to July 2022. Men without hypogonadism, patients that received testosterone, and those with unrelated anemia were excluded.ResultsSixty‐one of seventy men (87%) with prolactinoma presented with hypogonadism, and forty men (57%) had HB levels ≤13.5 g/dL at diagnosis. We identified 25 patients with “informative” HB curves (mean age, 46.1±14.9 years; median prolactin, 952 ng/mL; median follow‐up, 14.0 years), demonstrating an obvious prediagnosis HB decrease (greater than 1.0 g/dL), from a prediagnosis baseline HB of 14.4 ± 0.3 to 12.9 ± 0.5 g/dL at diagnosis. The median “low‐HB duration” (from the first low HB measurement to hyperprolactinemia diagnosis) was 6.1 years (IQR, 3.3–8.8 years). In symptomatic patients, we identified a correlation between “low‐HB duration” and patient‐reported sexual dysfunction duration (n = 17, R = 0.502, p = 0.04). The “low‐HB duration” was significantly longer than the reported sexual dysfunction duration (7.0 ± 4.5 vs. 2.9 ± 2.5 years, p = 0.01).ConclusionsIn our cohort of men with prolactinomas and hypogonadism, we found a marked decrease in HB levels that preceded prolactinoma diagnosis by a median of 6.1 years, with a mean delay of 4.1 years between HB decrease and hypogonadal symptoms appearance. These results suggest that HB decline prior to prolactinoma diagnosis may serve as a marker for hyperprolactinemia onset in a subset of hypogonadal men and allow a more accurate assessment of disease duration.
The human sperm proteome—Toward a panel for male fertility testing
Authors: Greither Thomas , Dejung Mario , Behre Hermann M. , Butter Falk , Herlyn Holger 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough male factor accounts for 40%–50% of unintended childlessness, we are far from fully understanding the detailed causes. Usually, affected men cannot even be provided with a molecular diagnosis.ObjectivesWe aimed at a higher resolution of the human sperm proteome for better understanding of the molecular causes of male infertility. We were particularly interested in why reduced sperm count decreases fertility despite many normal‐looking spermatozoa and which proteins might be involved.Material and methodsApplying mass spectrometry analysis, we qualitatively and quantitatively examined the proteomic profiles of spermatozoa from 76 men differing in fertility. Infertile men had abnormal semen parameters and were involuntarily childless. Fertile subjects exhibited normozoospermia and had fathered children without medical assistance.ResultsWe discovered proteins from about 7000 coding genes in the human sperm proteome. These were mainly known for involvements in cellular motility, response to stimuli, adhesion, and reproduction. Numbers of sperm proteins showing at least threefold deviating abundances increased from oligozoospermia (N= 153) and oligoasthenozoospermia (N= 154) to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (N= 368). Deregulated sperm proteins primarily engaged in flagellar assembly and sperm motility, fertilization, and male gametogenesis. Most of these participated in a larger network of male infertility genes and proteins.DiscussionWe expose 31 sperm proteins displaying deviant abundances under infertility, which already were known before to have fertility relevance, including ACTL9, CCIN, CFAP47, CFAP65, CFAP251 (WDR66), DNAH1, and SPEM1. We propose 18 additional sperm proteins with at least eightfold differential abundance for further testing of their diagnostic potential, such as C2orf16, CYLC1, SPATA31E1, SPATA31D1, SPATA48, EFHB (CFAP21), and FAM161A.ConclusionOur results shed light on the molecular background of the dysfunctionality of the fewer spermatozoa produced in oligozoospermia and syndromes including it. The male infertility network presented may prove useful in further elucidating the molecular mechanism of male infertility.
High yield on aetiology using a systematic diagnostic approach to paediatric acute liver failure, analysis of a nationwide cohort
Authors: Nordmann Winther Thilde , Nielsen Alex Yde , Lund Allan , Larsen Fin Stolze , Jørgensen Marianne Hørby 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimPaediatric acute liver failure (P‐ALF) is a rare and devastating condition that leads to death or liver transplantation (LTx) in 40%–60% of cases. Determining the aetiology can enable disease‐specific treatment, aid in prognostication for hepatic recovery and guide the decision‐making for liver transplantation. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a systematic diagnostic approach to P‐ALF in Denmark and to collect epidemiological nationwide data.MethodsAll Danish children aged 0–16 years with P‐ALF diagnosed between 2005 and 2018, and who were evaluated using a standardised diagnostic assessment programme, were eligible for retrospective analysis of clinical data.ResultsA total of 102 children with P‐ALF were included (presentation at 0 days to 16.6 years of age, 57 females). Aetiological diagnosis was established in 82% of cases, the remainder were indeterminate. Fifty percent of children with P‐ALF of indeterminate aetiology died or underwent LTx within 6 months after their P‐ALF diagnosis, compared to 24% of children with an aetiological diagnosis, p = 0.04.ConclusionFollowing a systematic diagnostic evaluation programme, made it possible to identify the aetiology of P‐ALF in 82% of cases which is associated with improved outcomes. The diagnostic workup should never be considered complete but rather adapt to ongoing diagnostic advances.
Effects of parathyroid hormone on renal tubular calcium and phosphate handling
Authors: Alexander R. Todd , Dimke Henrik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCentral to the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is the regulated reabsorption of calcium along the nephron. To this end, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released from the parathyroid gland in response to lowered plasma calcium levels. This hormone acts through the PTH 1 receptor along the nephron to increase urinary phosphate excretion and decrease urinary calcium excretion. In the proximal tubule, PTH inhibits phosphate reabsorption by reducing the abundance of sodium phosphate cotransporters in the apical membrane. PTH likely decreases calcium reabsorption from the proximal tubule, by reducing the reabsorption of sodium, an event necessary for the paracellular movement of calcium across this segment. In the thick ascending limb (TAL), PTH increases calcium permeability and may increase the electrical driving force thereby increasing calcium reabsorption in the TAL. Finally, in the distal convolution, PTH acts to increase transcellular calcium reabsorption by increasing the activity and abundance of the apically expressed calcium channel TRPV5.
5‐aminosalicylate maintenance is not superior to no maintenance in patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease—A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Atia Ohad , Goren Idan , Fischler Tali Sharar , Weisband Yisca Loewenberg , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Ledderman Natan , Matz Eran , Rimon Ramit Magen , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan , Yanai Henit 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackground5‐aminosalicylates (5‐ASA) are widely used in Crohn's disease (CD) despite guidelines advising otherwise. We aimed to assess in nationwide study the outcomes of first‐line 5‐ASA maintenance therapy (5‐ASA‐MT) compared with no maintenance treatment (no‐MT) in patients with newly diagnosed CD.MethodsWe utilised data from the epi‐IIRN cohort, including all patients with CD diagnosed in Israel between 2005 and 2020. Propensity score (PS) matching was utilised to compare outcomes in the 5‐ASA‐MT versus no‐MT groups.ResultsOf the 19,264 patients diagnosed with CD, 8610 (45%) fulfilled the eligibility criteria (3027 [16%] received 5‐ASA‐MT and 5583 [29%] received no‐MT). Both strategies declined over the years; 5‐ASA‐MT from 21% of CD patients diagnosed in 2005 to 11% in 2019 (p < 0.001) and no‐MT from 36% to 23% (p < 0.001). The probability of maintaining therapy at 1, 3 and 5 years from diagnosis: 5‐ASA‐MT—78%, 57% and 47% and no‐MT—76%, 49% and 38% respectively (p < 0.001). PS analysis successfully matched 1993 pairs of treated and untreated patients and demonstrated comparable outcomes of time to: biologic (p = 0.2), steroid dependency (p = 0.9), hospitalisation (p = 0.5) and CD‐related surgery (p = 0.1). Rates of acute kidney injury (5.2% vs. 3.3%; p < 0.001) and pancreatitis (2.4% vs. 1.8%; p = 0.03) were higher in the 5‐ASA‐MT group compared with the no‐MT group but after PS matching the rates of adverse events were similar.ConclusionFirst‐line 5‐ASA monotherapy was not superior to no‐MT but associated with a slightly higher rates of adverse events, while both strategies have declined over the years. These findings suggest that a subset of patients with mild CD may be offered a watchful waiting approach.
Effects of rutin supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum parameters, and meat quality of Nubian goats
Authors: Zhan Jinshun , Gu Zhiyong , Wang Haibo , Liu Yuhang , Wang Liyuan , Huang Liewu , Huo Junhong , Wu Yanping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious studies found that rutin can improve production performance of sheep and dairy cows. However, it is not clear whether rutin has similar effects in goats. Hence, the aim of this experiment was to study the effects of rutin supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum parameters, and meat quality of Nubian goats. A total of 36 healthy Nubian ewes were randomly divided into three groups. Goats were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (R0), 25 (R25), and 50 (R50) mg rutin per kg of diet. The growth performance and slaughter performance of goats had no significant difference among three groups. The meat pH45min and moisture were significantly higher in the R25 group than the R50 group (p < 0.05), but the color value b* and contents of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n9c, C20:1, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MSFA) in meat had an opposite outcome. The dressing percentage had an increasing tendency in the R25 group compared with the R0 group (0.05 < p < 0.10), but the shear force, water loss rate and crude protein of meat had opposite results. In conclusion, rutin could not affect the growth performance and slaughter performance of goats; low levels could possibly improve meat quality.
Immune responses to COVID‐19 booster vaccinations in intensively anti‐CD38 antibody treated patients with ultra‐high‐risk multiple myeloma: results from the Myeloma UK (MUK) nine OPTIMUM trial
Authors: Faustini Sian E. , Hall Andrew , Brown Sarah , Roberts Sadie , Hill Harriet , Stamataki Zania ,   (PITCH) consortium, Jenner Matthew W. , Owen Roger G. , Pratt Guy , Cook Gordon , Richter Alex , Drayson Mark T. , Kaiser Martin F. , Heaney Jennifer L. J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) and anti‐MM therapy cause profound immunosuppression, leaving patients vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and other infections. We investigated anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies longitudinally in ultra‐high‐risk patients with MM receiving risk‐adapted, intensive anti‐CD38 combined therapy in the Myeloma UK (MUK) nine trial. Despite continuous intensive therapy, seroconversion was achieved in all patients, but required a greater number of vaccinations compared to healthy individuals, highlighting the importance of booster vaccinations in this population. Reassuringly, high antibody cross‐reactivity was found with current variants of concern, prior to Omicron subvariant adapted boostering. Multiple booster vaccine doses can provide effective protection from COVID‐19, even with intensive anti‐CD38 therapy for high‐risk MM.
The prevalence and phenotypic range associated with biallelic PKDCC variants
Authors: Pagnamenta Alistair T. , Belles Rebecca S. , Salbert Bonnie Anne , Wentzensen Ingrid M. , Guillen Sacoto Maria J. , Santos Francis Jeshira Reynoso , Caffo Alesky , Ferla Matteo , Banos‐Pinero Benito , Pawliczak Karolina , Makvand Mina , Najmabadi Hossein ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Maroofian Reza , Lester Tracy , Yanez‐Felix Ana Lucia , Villarroel‐Cortes Camilo E. , Xia Fan , Al Fayez Khowla , Al Hashem Amal , Shears Deborah , Irving Melita , Offiah Amaka C. , Kariminejad Ariana , Taylor Jenny C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPKDCC encodes a component of Hedgehog signalling required for normal chondrogenesis and skeletal development. Although biallelic PKDCC variants have been implicated in rhizomelic shortening of limbs with variable dysmorphic features, this association was based on just two patients. In this study, data from the 100 000 Genomes Project was used in conjunction with exome sequencing and panel‐testing results accessed via international collaboration to assemble a cohort of eight individuals from seven independent families with biallelic PKDCC variants. The allelic series included six frameshifts, a previously described splice‐donor site variant and a likely pathogenic missense variant observed in two families that was supported by in silico structural modelling. Database queries suggested that the prevalence of this condition is between 1 of 127 and 1 of 721 in clinical cohorts with skeletal dysplasia of unknown aetiology. Clinical assessments, combined with data from previously published cases, indicate a predominantly upper limb involvement. Micrognathia, hypertelorism and hearing loss appear to be commonly co‐occurring features. In conclusion, this study strengthens the link between biallelic inactivation of PKDCC and rhizomelic limb‐shortening and will enable clinical testing laboratories to better interpret variants in this gene.