bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐ and health‐related non‐linear inheritance taxation
Authors: Leroux Marie‐Louise , Pestieau Pierre 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the design of optimal non linear bequest taxation when individuals differ in wage, survival and probability to become dependent at the old age. Following the recent health and economic literature, we assume that agents with higher wage have higher survival chances and lower risks to become dependent. Agents make precautionary savings for their old age taking into account the uncertainty on their health. They exhibit joy of giving utility, so that they also set aside money for their heirs. In the absence of annuity and long‐term care (LTC) insurance markets, heirs obtain different levels of bequests, depending on whether the donor died early or late in life and whether he was healthy at time of death. We assume that the government does not observe the decomposition of bequests between voluntary and involuntary ones. Instead, it observes the timing of death and the health condition at death of the donor. We show that, under asymmetric information, on top of marginal income taxation, the bequests left by low‐income individuals in case of early death should be taxed at the margin. To the opposite, bequests obtained later in life need not be taxed or subsidized at the margin.
Protective effect of phosphorylated Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching polysaccharide on vascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yin Kaiyue , Sheng Jiwen , Chen Jiyu , Gao Feng , Miao Changqing , Liu Dongmei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to prepare phosphorylated Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching polysaccharide (PPS) and investigate its protective effect on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) were used as phosphorylation reagents and PPS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectra. Chemical analysis demonstrated that PPS was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose with a molar ratio of 11.36:0.42:4.03:1.12:1.81:0.26:33.25:24.12:6.85:14.46:2.32 and a molecular weight of 28,837 Da. Results from in vitro and in vivo assays revealed that PPS protected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against H2O2‐induced oxidative injury and attenuated D‐galactose‐induced VECs damage in mice. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis identified 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between D‐galactose‐treated and PPS‐pretreated mice abdominal aorta. A deep analysis of these DEGs disclosed that PPS regulated the expression of genes involved in the functions of vascular endothelium repairment, cell growth and proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and antioxidant, indicating that these biological processes might play crucial roles in the protective actions of PPS on VECs.
Can resilience change over time? Patterns and transitions in resilience among young children involved with the child welfare system
Authors: Yoon Susan , Yang Junyeong , Pei Fei , Benavides Juan Lorenzo , Bayar Öznur , Logan Jessica A. , Hamby Sherry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examined transitions in resilience profiles and the role of caregiver risk and protective factors in resilience transition probabilities over 18 months among children involved with the child welfare system, using latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis. The sample included 486 children (48% female, baseline Mage = 3.49). There were three resilience profiles at Time 1 (19.9% low emotional behavioral, 26.1% low cognitive, 54.0% multidomain) and two profiles at Time 2 (18.9% low emotional behavioral, 81.1% multidomain). Caregiver mental health problems were negatively associated with membership in the multidomain resilience group at Time 1. Higher levels of cognitive stimulation were associated with initial and continued membership in the multidomain resilience group. Implications for resilient child development are discussed.
Impacts of existing and planned roads on terrestrial mammal habitat in New Guinea
Authors: Broekman Maarten J. E. , Hilbers Jelle P. , Tucker Marlee A. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Schipper Aafke M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNew Guinea is one of the last regions in the world with vast pristine areas and is home to many endemic species. However, extensive road development plans threaten the island's biodiversity. We quantified habitat fragmentation due to existing and planned roads for 139 terrestrial mammal species in New Guinea. For each species, we calculated the equivalent connected area (ECA) of habitat, a metric that takes into account the area and connectivity of habitat patches in 3 situations: no roads (baseline situation), existing roads (current), and existing and planned roads combined (future). We assessed the effect of roads as the proportion of the ECA remaining in the current and future situations relative to the baseline. To examine whether there were patterns in these relative ECA values, we fitted beta‐regression models relating these values to 4 species characteristics: taxonomic order, body mass, diet, and International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List status. On average across species, current ECA was 89% (SD 12) of baseline ECA. Shawmayer's coccymys (Coccymys shawmayeri) had the lowest amount of current ECA relative to the baseline (53%). In the future situation, the average remaining ECA was 71% (SD 20) of baseline ECA. Future remaining ECA was below 50% of the baseline for 28 species. The montane soft‐furred paramelomys (Paramelomys mollis) had the lowest future ECA relative to the baseline (36%). In general, currently nonthreatened carnivorous species with a large body mass had the greatest reductions of ECA in the future situation. In conclusion, future road development plans imply extensive additional habitat fragmentation for a large number of terrestrial mammal species in New Guinea. It is therefore important to limit the impact of planned roads, for example, by reconsidering the location of planned roads that intersect habitat of the most threatened species, or by the implementation of mitigation measures such as underpasses.
Importance of habitat heterogeneity in tidal flats to the conservation of migratory shorebirds
Authors: Cai Shangxiao , Mu Tong , Peng He‐Bo , Ma Zhijun , Wilcove David S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding species distribution patterns and what determines them is critical for effective conservation planning and management. In the case of shorebirds migrating along the East Asian‐Australasian Flyway (EAAF), the loss of stopover habitat in the Yellow Sea region is thought to be the primary reason for the precipitous population declines. However, the rates of decline vary considerably among species, and it remains unclear how such differences could arise within a group of closely related species using apparently similar habitats at the same locales. We mapped the spatial distributions of foraging shorebirds, as well as biotic (benthic invertebrates consumed by migrating shorebirds) and abiotic (sediment characteristics) environmental factors, at a key stopover site in eastern China. Five of the six sediment characteristics showed significant spatial variation with respect to distance along the shoreline or distance from the seawall in the same tidal flat. The biomasses of four of the six most abundant benthic invertebrates were concentrated in the upper or middle zones of the tidal flat. The distribution patterns of all three focal shorebird species on the tidal flat were best explained jointly by this heterogeneity of sediment characteristics and invertebrate prey. These results suggest that the loss of tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, which is typically concentrated at the upper and middle zones, may not only reduce the overall amount of staging habitat, but also disproportionately affect the most resource‐rich portions for the birds. Effective conservation of shorebird staging areas along the EAAF and likely elsewhere must consider the subtle habitat heterogeneity that characterizes these tidal flats, prioritizing the protection of those portions richest in food resources, most frequently used by focal bird species, and most vulnerable to anthropogenic threats.Article impact statement: Heterogeneity of tidal flats with respect to biotic and abiotic factors must be considered in shorebird conservation planning.
Review of terrestrial temporarily conserved areas in Canada, the United States, and Mexico
Authors: Wen Xin , Bennett Joseph R. , Rytwinski Trina , Karimi Sahebeh , Spetka Matthew , Taylor Jessica J. , Smith Paul A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe establishment of protected areas is a cornerstone of conservation, but permanent protection could be inefficient or even impossible in some situations. We synthesized the literature on temporarily conserved areas (TCAs) across Canada, the United States, and Mexico. We used a comprehensive search string to retrieve peer‐reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2021 from the Web of Science. We identified 27 relevant peer‐reviewed articles that examined the potential benefits of TCAs in the study area, indicating TCA is a relatively understudied area of research in the peer‐reviewed literature. The TCA studies were highly clustered; 77% of studies focused on protecting a single life stage of migratory species and 61% of studies related to temporary conservation of breeding or staging habitats for migratory birds. Ninety‐three percent of studies focused on preventing human‐driven threats, mainly on public lands of coastal areas, the Great Plains, and the Mississippi Valley in the central United States. Short‐term and experimental studies were the dominant study types. TCAs have the potential to complement permanently protected areas and provide protection when permanent protection is difficult. Some included studies examined their conservation value, but the ecological, social, and economic outcomes of TCAs are unclear. More TCA research is needed to determine the role they could play in conservation worldwide. Embracing the concept of TCAs as conservation tool could lead to more comprehensive and consistent reporting of the outcomes of temporary area‐based conservation measures. However, a global review and analysis of effectiveness of TCAs will be required if they are to play a formal role in meeting international targets for biodiversity conservation.
Uncovering the magnitude of African pangolin poaching with extensive nanopore DNA genotyping of seized scales
Authors: Yeo Darren , Chan Amy H. J. , Hiong Kum Chew , Ong Jasmine , Ng Jun Yuan , Lim Jie Min , Zhang Wendy , Lim Sara R. , Fernandez Charlene J. , Wong Anna M‐S. , Lee Benjamin P. Y‐H. , Khoo Max D. Y. , Cheng Thaddaeus X. W. , Lim Bryan T. M. , Yeo Hazelina H. T. , Tan Maxine M. Q. , Sng Wendy B. G. , Adam Shaun S. , Ang Wee Foong , How Choon Beng , Xie Renhui , Wasser Samuel K. , Finch Kristen N. , Loo Adrian H. B. , Yap Him Hoo , Leong Chee Chiew , Er Kenneth B. H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTrade in pangolins is illegal, and yet tons of their scales and products are seized at various ports. These large seizures are challenging to process and comprehensively genotype for upstream provenance tracing and species identification for prosecution. We implemented a scalable DNA barcoding pipeline in which rapid DNA extraction and MinION sequencing were used to genotype a substantial proportion of pangolin scales subsampled from 2 record shipments seized in Singapore in 2019 (37.5 t). We used reference sequences to match the scales to phylogeographical regions of origin. In total, we identified 2346 cytochrome b (cytb) barcodes of white‐bellied (Phataginus tricuspis) (from 1091 scales), black‐bellied (Phataginus tetradactyla) (227 scales), and giant (Smutsia gigantea) (1028 scales) pangolins. Haplotype diversity was higher for P. tricuspis scales (121 haplotypes, 66 novel) than that for P. tetradactyla (22 haplotypes, 15 novel) and S. gigantea (25 haplotypes, 21 novel) scales. Of the novel haplotypes, 74.2% were likely from western and west‐central Africa, suggesting potential resurgence of poaching and newly exploited populations in these regions. Our results illustrate the utility of extensively subsampling large seizures and outline an efficient molecular approach for rapid genetic screening that should be accessible to most forensic laboratories and enforcement agencies.
Managing uncertainty in decision‐making for conservation science
Authors: Ben‐Haim Yakov 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScience‐based decision‐making is the ideal. However, scientific knowledge is incomplete, and sometimes wrong. Responsible science‐based policy, planning, and action must exploit knowledge while managing uncertainty. I considered the info‐gap method to manage deep uncertainty surrounding knowledge that is used for decision‐making in conservation. A central concept is satisficing, which means satisfying a critical requirement. Alternative decisions are prioritized based on their robustness to uncertainty, and critical outcome requirements are satisficed. Robustness is optimized; outcome is satisficed. This is called robust satisficing. A decision with a suboptimal outcome may be preferred over a decision with a putatively optimal outcome if the former can more robustly achieve an acceptable outcome. Many biodiversity conservation applications employ info‐gap theory, under which parameter uncertainty but not uncertainty in functional relations is considered. I considered info‐gap models of functional uncertainty, widely used outside of conservation science, as applied to conservation of a generic endangered species by translocation to a new region. I focused on 2 uncertainties: the future temperature is uncertain due to climate change, and the shape of the reproductive output function is uncertain due to translocation to an unfamiliar region. The value of new information is demonstrated based on the robustness function, and the info‐gap opportuneness function demonstrates the potential for better‐than‐anticipated outcomes.
The challenge of managing threatened invasive species at a continental scale
Authors: Baquero Rocío A. , Oficialdegui Francisco J. , Ayllón Daniel , Nicola Graciela G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe European Union's (EU) environmental legislation establishes common measures to prevent the entry and spread of invasive non‐native species and to minimize their impacts. However, species that are native to at least one member state but non‐native and potentially invasive in others (NPIS) are in limbo because they are neither legally regulated at the EU level nor in most member states. We used the Communication and Information Resource Centre for Administrations, Businesses and Citizens (CIRCABC) raw data on NPIS (317 taxa) to analyze their distribution across the EU and identify which biogeographical regions are the main sources of invasions. We additionally evaluated the conservation challenge posed by NPIS that are threatened within their native ranges. We performed a pairwise analysis summarizing the number of species that are native to a given member state but non‐native to another and vice versa. Although distribution patterns of NPIS varied across taxa groups, overall, southern and central EU countries were both donors and recipients of NPIS. Eastern countries were mainly a source, and western and northern countries mostly received NPIS. Around 27% of NPIS were threatened in some of their EU native ranges, which is a challenge for conservation and management because some of them have serious negative effects on European biodiversity, but hitherto remain outside the scope of the EU regulation of invasive non‐native species. This highlights an unresolved paradox because efforts to manage species as invasive conflict with efforts to protect them as threatened within the same territory.
Analysis of patch testing with cocamidopropyl betaine and its impurities in patients with intractable scalp dermatitis in a single clinic in Japan
Authors: Iijima Shigeruko , Murayama Kayo , Takayama Noriko , Akiyama Takumi , Ikarashi Yoshiaki , Sugiyama Mariko , Matsunaga Kayoko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe allergen responsible for cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) allergies has been debated.ObjectivesTo investigate the sensitizing agents of CAPB, the patch test positivity rates of impurities were examined in Japanese patients with CAPB‐related allergic contact dermatitis.Materials and MethodsThirty patients with scalp dermatitis and positive patch tests for CAPB and/or lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB) were enrolled in this study. They were patch tested with the detergents that they had been using at the time of their first visit and with the impurities dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and lauramidopropyl dimethylamine (LAPDMA).ResultsThe positivity rate in patch tests of the 37 detergents that the patients had been using was 78.4% (29/37). The positivity rates of DMAPA 1% pet., 1% aq. and 0.2% aq. were 32.1% (9/28), 14.3% (4/28) and 13.3% (4/30), respectively, whereas those of LAPDMA 0.1% and 0.05% were 30.0% (9/30) and 16.7% (5/30), respectively. Among the 30 patients, 6 exhibited positive results for both DMAPA and LAPDMA, 3 showed positive results for DMAPA alone and 6 produced positive results for LAPDMA alone.ConclusionPatch tests produced an overall positivity rate for DMAPA, LAPDMA or both of 50.0% (15/30) in patients with scalp dermatitis and positive patch test results for CAPB and/or LAPB.
IKK/NF‐κB and ROS signal axes are involved in Tenacissoside H mediated inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced inflammatory osteolysis
Authors: Xie Xiaoxiao , Chen Weiwei , Xu Minglian , Chen Junchun , Yang Tao , Wang Chaofeng , Su Yuangang , Zhao Jinmin , Xu Jiake , Liu Qian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeriodontal disease and arthroplasty prosthesis loosening and destabilization are both associated with osteolysis, which is predominantly caused by abnormal bone resorption triggered by pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Osteoclasts (OCs) are critical players in the process. Concerns regarding the long‐term efficacy and side effects of current frontline therapies, however, remain. Alternative therapies are still required. The aim of this work was to investigate the involvement of Tenacissoside H (TDH) in RANKL‐mediated OC differentiation, as well as inflammatory osteolysis and associated processes. In vitro, bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) cultured with RANKL and M‐CSF were used to detect TDH in the differentiation and function of OCs. Real‐time quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of specific genes and inflammatory factors in OCs. Western blot was used to identify NFATc1, IKK, NF‐κB, MAPK pathway, and oxidative stress‐related components. Finally, an LPS‐mediated calvarial osteolysis mouse model was employed to explore TDH's role in inflammatory osteolysis. The results showed that in vivo TDH inhibited the differentiation and resorption functions of OCs and down‐regulated the transcription of osteoclast‐specific genes, as well as Il‐1β, Il‐6 and Tnf‐α. In addition, TDH inhibited the IKK and NF‐κB signalling pathways and down‐regulated the level of ROS. In vivo studies revealed that TDH improves the bone loss caused by LPS. TDH may be a new candidate or treatment for osteoclast‐associated inflammatory osteolytic disease.
Potential roles of enteric glial cells in Crohn's disease: A critical review
Authors: Mao Xinyi , Shen Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnteric glial cells in the enteric nervous system are critical for the regulation of gastrointestinal homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests two‐way communication between enteric glial cells and both enteric neurons and immune cells. These interactions may be important in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic relapsing disease characterized by a dysregulated immune response. Structural abnormalities in glial cells have been identified in CD. Furthermore, classical inflammatory pathways associated with CD (e.g., the nuclear factor kappa‐B pathway) function in enteric glial cells. However, the specific mechanisms by which enteric glial cells contribute to CD have not been summarized in detail. In this review, we describe the possible roles of enteric glial cells in the pathogenesis of CD, including the roles of glia–immune interactions, neuronal modulation, neural plasticity, and barrier integrity. Additionally, the implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for CD based on enteric glial cell‐mediated pathogenic processes are discussed.
Association of postoperative length of stay with outcomes following orthotopic heart transplantation—A national analysis
Authors: Curry Joanna , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Kim Shineui , Sakowitz Sara , Verma Arjun , Ali Konmal , Chervu Nikhil L , Benharash Peyman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground: In the absence of standardized recovery protocols, there is little evidence to guide postoperative care to ensure optimal in‐hospital and long‐term outcomes following heart transplantation (HT). Using two national databases, we examined the association between postoperative length of stay (LOS) with patient/graft survival, index hospitalization costs, and non‐elective readmissions.Methods: Adult HT recipients from 2010 to 2019 were identified and analyzed within the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) Database and Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). The risk‐adjusted relationship between 1‐year mortality and LOS was assessed with restricted cubic splines and subsequently used to stratify patients into Expedited (7–11 days), Routine (12–16 days), and Delayed (>16) discharge groups. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Restricted Means Survival Time analysis (RMST) and multivariable Cox models.Results: Of 9995 HT recipients within the OPTN, 3777 (38%) were categorized as Expedited, and 3040 (30%) as Routine. After adjustment, expedited discharge was not associated with inferior 90‐day (ΔRMST ‐.01, p = .91) and 1‐year patient survival (ΔRMST ‐.02, p = .53). Additionally, expedited was not associated with increased odds of non‐elective readmission at 90‐days (HR 1.04, CI .77–1.43) relative to Routine discharge. Counterfactual analysis revealed an estimated cost saving of $50 million if all Routine patients received an expedited discharge.Conclusion: Expedited discharge after HT seems to be cost‐effective and is not associated with inferior outcomes. Institutional‐level outcome analyses should be performed to identify patients that would benefit from expedited discharge, and future studies should analyze the feasibility of implementing standardized discharge protocols following HT.