bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Private sector perception of reducing deforestation in brazil: analysis of challenges from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Gallo Patricia , Gebara Maria Fernanda , Micheletti Tatiane , Brites Alice Dantas 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to shed light on the private sector's perspective on REDD+ in Brazil, and how this perspective has evolved over time. Methodology/Approach: This research is part of the Global Comparative Study on REDD+ (GCS REDD+) on policies and political processes from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). Findings: Our results indicate that national business organizations believe that REDD+ is an affordable way to mitigate climate change. However, it suggests that while this sector is seeking financial benefits from REDD+ activities, it is taking a very cautious and risk-averse approach. The private sector is not engaged and does not self-identify within the operational challenges that REDD+ policymakers are grappling with as they seek to embrace the possibilities of this mechanism. Research Limitation/Implication: To explore how these private sector actors perceive REDD+, whether such a perspective has changed from 2010 to 2019, and its implications for further REDD+ design in the national context. Originality/Value of the paper: private actors' positions on key statements about financing, benefit sharing and equity, governance, and challenges over three different time periods. A better understanding of how the private sector perceives REDD+ will contribute to national framing and more effective multi-level governance.
Rancang Bangun Alat Press Tahu Otomatis Berbasis Raspberry Pi
Authors: Aji Totok Surya , Kalsum Toibah Umi , Riska Riska 
Published: September 2023

Tahu merupakan salah satu makanan yang paling banyak diminati oleh orang Indonesia, di mana tahu adalah salah satu makanan yang hampir setiap harinya diolah untuk dijadikan lauk maupun cemilan. Disadari ataupun tidak sebagai hasil olahan kacang kedelai, tahu merupakan makanan andalan untuk perbaikan gizi karena tahu mempunyai mutu protein nabati terbaik. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya kandungan komposisi asam amino paling lengkap dan diyakini memiliki daya cerna yang tinggi (sebesar 85%- 98%). Pada proses pembuatan tahu diperlukan alat press yang digunakan untuk memadatkan tahu. Umumnya sumber tenaga untuk alat press tahu kebanyakan berasal dari tangan manusia. Hal ini terlihat pada sebagian besar perusahaan pembuat tahu di Bengkulu rata-rata masih menggunakan alat dan tenaga secara manual, sehingga akan berdampak pada waktu proses pembuatan tahu yang cukup lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat alat press tahu secara otomatis menggunakan raspberry pi. Hal ini dilakukan agar dapat membantu proooses pengepresan secara otomatis. Selain itu ala ini diharapkan dapat meringan kan tenaga kerja dan mempercepat proses kerja dalam pembuatan tahu. Penelitian ini dilaksanan tepatnya pada januari sampai dengan juni tahun 2023, bertempat di laboratorium hadware Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen, yakni untuk percobaan alat press tahu otomatis yang menggunakan sensor ultrasonik untuk menangkap ukuran tahu yang akan dipress, alat pres dilengkapi dengan sebuah cetakan yang terbuat dari kayu dengan ukuran panjang 20cm lebar 15cm dan tebal 5cm. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa tahu yang di press memiliki 3 ukuran ketebalan yaitu 3cm, 5cm, dan 7cm yang dapat dipress dengan waktu rata-rata 7 menit.
The Status of the German Language in Modern Germany: a Brief Description of the Language Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Alekseenko E. S. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction. This article is devoted to the modern language policy in Germany. An analysis of intra- and extra-linguistic factors that influence the steps taken by the state in relation to the languages spoken on the territory of the country makes it possible to characterize the position and status of the language of the titular nation in Germany. Consideration of the current situation can help to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the implemented language policy, suggest further ways of the development of the German language, and also understand the underlying causes of the evolution of the language and its current state.Methodology and sources. The article is based on the results of the analysis of modern studies of the role, status and specifics of the German language by such linguists and philologists as Yu.V. Kobenko, S.A. Zhilyuk, V.I. Kozhevnikova, A. Kirkness, W. Hendelmeier, as well as the analysis of the main laws and legal acts in Germany regulating its language policy. For a more complete description of the studied phenomenon, the classic works of N.B. Vakhtin, E.V. Golovko, A.D. Schweitzer, L.B. Nikolskiy devoted to language policy, were considered.Results and discussion. Language policy is a powerful tool of social control. Due to the specifics of the formation of a unified German state, it is possible to talk about a systematically implemented language policy only from the end of the 19th century - the moment the German Empire was founded. The current position of the German language in Germany is determined by many extralinguistic factors, both diachronically (primarily by the role and position of the Third Reich in world history) and synchronically (the trend towards intensive cultural dialogue, openness of borders, priority support for the rights of linguistic minorities).Conclusion. At the moment, the German language is affected by the values of multiculturalism and pluralism cultivated in Europe and the actively ongoing process of globalization. Recognizing the importance of the German language in the process of the formation of German cultural identity, the German government is forced to focus primarily on supporting other languages and dialects common in the country. The question of supporting and securing the German language as a state language at the legislative level is still to be discussed.
The preventive and protective role of melatonin in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective study
Authors: Molina-Carballo Antonio , Jerez-Calero Antonio Emilio , Fernández-López Luisa , Augustin-Morales María del Carmen , Muñoz-Hoyos Antonio , Agil Ahmad 
Published: September 2023

This study has investigated the protective role of melatonin against SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this purpose, 62 adults were recruited who were in daily relatively high doses of melatonin intaking, with the particularity that they started taking it before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and continued to present. A continuous validation process has been carried out with a series of questionnaires to identify the risk factors, whether they were contacts, were infected, if yes, the level of disease severity, need for treatment, hospitalization, etc. According to the dose of melatonin the individuals took/are taking, they were divided into two groups: a) those taking 20 mg (n = 27) and, b) those taking ≥ 40 mg (n = 32). For statistical analysis, the shi2 test and Fisher&#39;s exact test were used. The number of infected subjects with positive PCR was 7 (11.9%). Only one required medication, the rest had a very favorable clinical evolution, mild in three cases and asymptomatic in three others. While in their environment this percentage is 22.05% (chi2 = 2.928; p < 0.087). Melatonin offers a good safety profile, is well tolerated and can play an important role in the different levels of COVID-19 prevention.
Endocrine side effects of immunotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Orlyk O.S. , Garnytska A.V. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND. Immunotherapy is an innovative approach to treatment that is changing the paradigm in oncology and is achieving significant results in the fight against malignant tumors including leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, kidney cancer and many others. This treatment uses the power of the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells. Immunotherapy can lead to long-term remission or even complete disappearance of tumors in patients with certain types of cancer. The success of therapy depends on many factors, including the type of cancer and individual patient characteristics. As with any treatment, patients with immunotherapy may experience side effects. As a result of treatment with pembrolizumab (and other immunotherapeutic drugs), patients may develop endocrine disorders. The most common endocrine side effects include thyroiditis (which can lead to hyper- or hypothyroidism), inflammation of the parathyroid glands, hypophysitis, and diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE. Based on the literature data, to investigate the possible side effects of immunotherapeutic drugs on the endocrine system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. Object: endocrine complications due to immunotherapy. Research method: review of literary sources.
RESULTS. Among the manifestations of the endocrine system, the most common are thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. It is important to monitor the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin for timely detection of endocrine pathology, prevention of unwanted complications and improvement of patients’ quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS. Immunotherapy is vital for cancer patients. Given the possible development of various side effects, including those from the endocrine system, patients should monitor the main indicators of the thyroid gland (TSH, free T4) and carbohydrate metabolism (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin) both before starting immunotherapy and during treatment. Patients with pre-existing endocrine disorders require more careful monitoring. It is possible that such patients, in the process of immunotherapy, may require correction of hypoglycemic drugs: speaking of diabetes mellitus, a possible option may be a dose correction of tableted antidiabetic drugs, a change in the therapy regimen or insulin therapy; in diseases of the thyroid gland, the doctor may suggest dose adjustment of thyroid drugs, ultrasound diagnostics and/or fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules.
EFFECT OF PROLONGED STORAGE IN ICE ON NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION AND SENSORY QUALITY OF FRESH POND RAISED CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Hassan M. Z. , Malgwi J. I. , Usman A. , Barde Z. M. , Abdullahi A. I. , Usman U. 
Published: September 2023

Fish storage on ice has been one of commonly used methods to preserve fresh fish for subsequent processing and consumption. This study was carried out to assess the effect of prolonged storage in ice on nutrient composition and sensory quality of whole fresh pond raised Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Live fish samples, with an average weight of 500g were purchased from custom market in Maiduguri Borno state and transported in plastic bucket containing water to the Department of Fisheries, Research and Teaching Farm, University of Maiduguri were the experiment was carried out. The fish were degutted, washed and iced immediately. Data was analyzed using a statistical package SPSS version 20.0. The result of the study shows that that sensory quality of fresh C. gariepinus declines with time when stored in ice and that storage for not more than 15 days could maintain acceptable quality. The nutritional quality of cat fish deteriorated with time when stored in ice. Crude protein decreased from 30% at day1 to 21.57% at day9. Similarly, NFE decrease from 17.78 at day1 to 2.30% at day 15. However, Carcass fat increased with storage time, from 25.25 at day1 to 36.9% at day12. Dry matter content decreased with increasing time of storage indicating increased moisture content of the product. The result shows that that like any other fish C. gariepinus has a relatively longer shelf life when kept in ice. It is concluded that there is a significant change in the proximate composition of the fish...
The Urgency of Preserving Regional Languages through Local Educational Curriculum
Authors: Pamungkas Susandi Decapriu Putra , Suputra Gede Ngurah Darma , Fadillah Dyah Ajeng Puspa , Rista Mirsya Lila Agua , Arisandi Sadira Ramadhani 
Published: September 2023

The use of local languages in the era of globalization is currently experiencing a decline. Based on field data, the utilization of local languages through local content education is minimally implemented by educational institutions. This poses a problematic situation as the use of local languages through local content education may vanish and erode due to the advancement of a more globalized world. In the Curriculum 13 itself, the use of local languages in educational institutions is mandated to be included as part of the local content subjects. However, in the "merdeka" (freedom) curriculum, the use of local languages is not obligatory, meaning it becomes conditional. This research adopts a qualitative research method, where the focus is on gathering information. Additionally, this study also employed a literature review approach, using journals, academic articles, and other. The research findings indicate that indeed, the use of local languages, content subjects has become rare in some cases, no longer applied, primarily due to the curriculum regulations. Therefore, the author suggests the issuance of a new policy that involves a collective reevaluation of the curriculum to ensure the enduring preservation of local languages in education.

Keywords: Preservation local languages, local content, curriculum policy
Effect of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone on stress distribution in a redesigned tumor-type knee prosthesis: a finite element analysis
Authors: Wu Han , Guo Yu , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2023

Background: Surgery for bone tumors around the knee often involves extensive resection, making the subsequent prosthetic reconstruction challenging. While carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF-PEEK) has been widely used in orthopedic implants, its application in tumor-type prosthesis is limited. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using 30wt% and 60wt% carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF30-PEEK and CF60-PEEK) as materials for a redesigned tumor-type knee prosthesis through numerical analysis.Methods: A knee joint model based on CT data was created, and the resection and prosthetic reconstruction were simulated. Three finite element models of the prostheses, representing the initial and updated designs with CoCrMo and CFR-PEEK components, were constructed. Loading conditions during standing and squatting were simulated with forces of 700 N and 2800 N, respectively. Finite element analysis was used to analyze the von Mises stress and stability of all components for each prosthesis type.Results: After improvements in both material and design, the new Type 3 prosthesis showed significantly lower overall stress with stress being evenly distributed. Compared with the initial design, the maximum von Mises stress in Type 3 was reduced by 53.9% during standing and 74.2% during squatting. In the standing position, the maximum stress in the CF30-PEEK femoral component decreased by 57.3% compared with the initial design which was composed of CoCrMo, while the stress in the CF60-PEEK cardan shaft remained consistent. In the squatting position, the maximum stress in the femoral component decreased by 81.9%, and the stress in the cardan shaft decreased by 46.5%.Conclusion: The incorporation of CF30-PEEK effectively transmits forces and reduces stress concentration on the femoral component, while CF60-PEEK in the redesigned cardan shaft significantly reduces stress while maintaining stiffness. The redesigned prosthesis effectively conducts loading force and demonstrates favorable biomechanical characteristics, indicating the promising potential of utilizing CF30-PEEK and CF60-PEEK materials for tumor-type knee prostheses. The findings of this study could provide novel insights for the design and development of tumor-type knee prostheses.
Optimizing the utilization of biochar from waste: an energy–water–food nexus assessment approach considering water treatment and soil application scenarios
Authors: Obar Farah , Alherbawi Mohammad , Mckay Gordon , Al-Ansari Tareq 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: As a result of the rapid increase in population and depletion of natural resources, particularly energy and water, approximately 200 million people are expected to face hunger by 2030. Going forward, the sustainability of energy, water, and food (EWF) resources can be enhanced by considering a nexus approach, which supports effective resource management by identifying synergies and trade-offs. Furthermore, the regeneration of biomass into value-added products, such as biochar (BC), can reduce cross-sectoral environmental impacts and support the EWF nexus.Methodology: This research investigates the optimum options for utilizing BC within the context of the EWF nexus for both wastewater treatment and soil applications whilst considering the optimal blending ratio of various biomass (camel manure, date pits, sewage sludge, and coffee waste) for both single-end use and multi-end use stages to fulfill various objectives within defined scenarios based on maximum savings in energy, water, cost, and emissions.Results and discussion: The single-end use stage considered using BC for wastewater treatment (WWT) and as a soil amendment (SA) individually, and 18 optimal solutions were collected for this stage. The optimization of the multi-end use stage resulted in 70 optimal solutions, where BC was applied for both WWT and SA. The solutions that leaned toward SA application suggested that BC should consist of 97%–99% of date pits with relatively smaller proportions of the other biomass. On the other hand, the other solutions that leaned toward the WWT pathway suggested that the optimum biomass mix should consist of relatively equal proportions of camel manure, sewage sludge, and coffee waste of 29%—33% and smaller amounts of date pits of approximately 2%–5%.
A randomized controlled study comparing the objective efficacy and safety of a novel self-inserted disposable vaginal prolapse device and existing ring pessaries
Authors: Ziv Elan , Erlich Tsvia 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionProVate is a novel, disposable, collapsible self-inserted vaginal device for the nonsurgical management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We assessed possible vaginal microflora changes and POP reduction using ProVate and a commercially available ring pessary (control).MethodsWe performed post-hoc analysis of data obtained from an interventional, prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled, statistically powered (noninferiority), home-use, cross-over study conducted at seven sites. Safety and performance data collected for both devices were analyzed to compare objective POP reduction (employing the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System [POP-Q]), safety (assessed by the incidence of adverse events [AEs]), and the rates of certain AEs.ResultsEighty-five women with symptomatic POP were screened; 71 were randomized, and 58 completed the study per protocol. Forty-nine (90.7%) ProVate users experienced complete prolapse reduction (stage 0), 3 (5.6%) experienced reductions to POP-Q stage 1, and 2 (3.7%%) experienced reductions to stage 2. Collectively, 52/54 (96.3%) ProVate users experienced prolapse reduction to stage 0 or 1. In all, 47/57 (82.5%) control users experienced complete prolapse reduction, while 5 (8.8%), 4 (7.0%), and 1 (1.8%) experienced reductions to stage 1, 2, and stage 3, respectively. Collectively, 52/57 (91.2%) control users experienced reductions to either stage 0 or 1. In 53/54 (98.1%) ProVate and 55/57 (96.5%) control users, there was at least 1 POP-Q stage prolapse reduction, and in 32 (91.4%) ProVate and 31 (83.8%) control users who had stage ≥3 prolapse, there were at least three POP-Q stage reductions. In total, 26/71 (36.6%) ProVate and 22/64 (34.4%) control users in the safety population experienced AEs. The incidence of device-related AEs was 17/71 (23.9%) for ProVate and 13/64 (20.3%) for the control. Most AEs were minor, mild, and anticipated.ConclusionOur analysis demonstrated that ProVate and the control are highly effective in reducing POP, and both are associated with comparably low numbers of AEs. However, ProVate has the advantage of being more user-friendly, suitable for home use, and expected to allow women with POP to practice better and easier self-care.
Sleep in marathon and ultramarathon runners: a brief narrative review
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Weiss Katja , Knechtle Beat , Trakada Georgia 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionSleep is considered a fundamental biological function in humans necessary for recovery from daily physical activities. Considering the increasing popularity of long-distance running and participation in races such as marathons and ultramarathons, the aim of the present study was to review the relationship of such strenuous physical activities with sleep.MethodsA search of Scopus was performed on 24/6/2023 using the syntax [ABS (sleep) AND ABS (marathon)] to identify relevant papers, the references of which were hand-searched to find additional sources.ResultsOptimal sleep has been shown to affect injury prevention and susceptibility to infection positively. In turn, participation in a marathon race may influence nocturnal autonomic modulation and disturb homeostasis. Ultramarathon races may have such a long duration that results in sleep deprivation even for several days, where sleep duration is quite below the physiological range. It seems that for ultramarathons of short duration, continuous running and sleep deprivation are beneficial for performance. In contrast, for races longer than 200 miles, it is necessary to develop sleep strategies to sustain performance.ConclusionIn summary, the longer the distance of a running race, the greater the importance of an optimal sleep for race performance as well as the impact of a race on sleep.