bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology
Authors: Gerasco Joy E. , Hathaway‐Schrader Jessica D. , Poulides Nicole A. , Carson Matthew D. , Okhura Naoto , Westwater Caroline , Hatch Nan E. , Novince Chad M. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTMicrobes colonize anatomical sites in health to form commensal microbial communities (e.g., commensal gut microbiota, commensal skin microbiota, commensal oral microbiota). Commensal microbiota has indirect effects on host growth and maturation through interactions with the host immune system. The commensal microbiota was recently introduced as a novel regulator of skeletal growth and morphology at noncraniofacial sites. Further, we and others have shown that commensal gut microbes, such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), contribute to noncraniofacial skeletal growth and maturation. However, commensal microbiota effects on craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology are unclear. To determine the commensal microbiota's role in craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology, we performed craniometric and bone mineral density analyses on skulls from 9‐week‐old female C57BL/6T germ‐free (GF) mice (no microbes), excluded‐flora (EF) specific‐pathogen‐free mice (commensal microbiota), and murine‐pathogen‐free (MPF) specific‐pathogen‐free mice (commensal microbiota with SFB). Investigations comparing EF and GF mice revealed that commensal microbiota impacted the size and shape of the craniofacial skeleton. EF versus GF mice exhibited an elongated gross skull length. Cranial bone length analyses normalized to skull length showed that EF versus GF mice had enhanced frontal bone length and reduced cranial base length. The shortened cranial base in EF mice was attributed to decreased presphenoid, basisphenoid, and basioccipital bone lengths. Investigations comparing MPF mice and EF mice demonstrated that commensal gut microbes played a role in craniofacial skeletal morphology. Cranial bone length analyses normalized to skull length showed that MPF versus EF mice had reduced frontal bone length and increased cranial base length. The elongated cranial base in MPF mice was due to enhanced presphenoid bone length. This work, which introduces the commensal microbiota as a contributor to craniofacial skeletal growth, underscores that noninvasive interventions in the gut microbiome could potentially be employed to modify craniofacial skeletal morphology. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Immune modulation through secretory autophagy
Authors: Weigert Andreas , Herhaus Lina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutophagy is a central mechanism of cellular homeostasis through the degradation of a wide range of cellular constituents. However, recent evidence suggests that autophagy actively provides information to neighboring cells via a process called secretory autophagy. Secretory autophagy couples the autophagy machinery to the secretion of cellular content via extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs carry a variety of cargo, that reflect the pathophysiological state of the originating cells and have the potential to change the functional profile of recipient cells, to modulate cell biology. The immune system has evolved to maintain local and systemic homeostasis. It is able to sense a wide array of molecules signaling disturbed homeostasis, including EVs and their content. In this review, we explore the emerging concept of secretory autophagy as a means to communicate cellular, and in total tissue pathophysiological states to the immune system to initiate the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Understanding how autophagy mediates the secretion of immunogenic factors may hold great potential for therapeutic intervention.
Linear and circular single‐change covering designs revisited
Authors: Chafee Amanda , Stevens Brett 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA single‐change covering design (SCCD) is a ‐set and an ordered list of blocks of size where every pair from must occur in at least one block. Each pair of consecutive blocks differs by exactly one element. This is a linear single‐change covering design, or more simply, a single‐change covering design. A single‐change covering design is circular when the first and last blocks also differ by one element. A single‐change covering design is minimum if no other smaller design can be constructed for a given . In this paper, we use a new recursive construction to solve the existence of circular SCCD() for all and three residue classes of circular SCCD() modulo 16. We solve the existence of three residue classes of SCCD modulo 16. We prove the existence of circular SCCD, for all , using difference methods.
Palmitoylation in apoptosis
Authors: Li Peiyao , Gong Xiaoyi , Yuan Lei , Mu Lina , Zheng Qian , Xiao Hui , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPalmitoylation, a critical lipid modification of proteins, is involved in various physiological processes such as altering protein localization, transport, and stability, which perform essential roles in protein function. Palmitoyltransferases are specific enzymes involved in the palmitoylation modification of substrates. S‐palmitoylation, as the only reversible palmitoylation modification, is able to be deacylated by deacyltransferases. As an important mode of programmed cell death, apoptosis functions in the maintenance of organismal homeostasis as well as being associated with inflammatory and immune diseases. Recently, studies have found that palmitoylation and apoptosis have been demonstrated to be related in many human diseases. In this review, we will focus on the role of palmitoylation modifications in apoptosis.
Marine halophilic archaeal isolate Halococcus sp. with emphasis on bioremediation of radionuclides through extracellular biomolecules
Authors: Kannan Kamala , Sivaperumal Pitchiah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMarine archaea have gained special attention for their unique ability to survive in extreme salt concentrations. Some archaeal isolates have been found to thrive in the presence of radioactive contaminants. In this study, Halococcus sp. ENMS8 has been isolated from marine sediment sample with special emphasis on bioremediation of radionuclide cesium.RESULTSHalococcus sp. ENMS8 has the ability to remove 76.46% of cesium ions noted at a concentration of 100 mmol L−1 followed by 60.5%, 52.16% and 42.9% of cesium ion adsorption at concentrations of 150, 200 and 250 mmol L−1 Cs+, respectively. The minimal level of 4.43% of cesium adsorption was noted at 500 mmol L−1 concentration in the presence of 106 archaeal cells per milliliter. Similarly, adsorption of cesium (500 mmol L−1) at various concentrations of archaeal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) has been shown to be 76.4% of Cs+ adsorption at 1 g L−1. The composition of extracted EPS from ENMS8 in the presence of CsCl and control has been estimated. Cesium adsorption was further confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy was used to obtain high‐resolution images of the surface topology of Halococcus sp. ENMS8 EPS in the presence of cesium. The crystallographic structure and properties of cesium were studied by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.CONCLUSIONThe present study concluded that Halococcus sp. ENMS8 can immobilize cesium through EPS in an eco‐friendly approach. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Predicting FDG‐PET Images From Multi‐Contrast MRI Using Deep Learning in Patients With Brain Neoplasms
Authors: Ouyang Jiahong , Chen Kevin T. , Duarte Armindo Rui , Davidzon Guido Alejandro , Hawk Kristina Elizabeth , Moradi Farshad , Rosenberg Jarrett , Lan Ella , Zhang Helena , Zaharchuk Greg 
Published: June 2023

Background18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is valuable for determining presence of viable tumor, but is limited by geographical restrictions, radiation exposure, and high cost.PurposeTo generate diagnostic‐quality PET equivalent imaging for patients with brain neoplasms by deep learning with multi‐contrast MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsPatients (59 studies from 51 subjects; age 56 ± 13 years; 29 males) who underwent 18F‐FDG PET and MRI for determining recurrent brain tumor.Field Strength/Sequence3T; 3D GRE T1, 3D GRE T1c, 3D FSE T2‐FLAIR, and 3D FSE ASL, 18F‐FDG PET imaging.AssessmentConvolutional neural networks were trained using four MRIs as inputs and acquired FDG PET images as output. The agreement between the acquired and synthesized PET was evaluated by quality metrics and Bland–Altman plots for standardized uptake value ratio. Three physicians scored image quality on a 5‐point scale, with score ≥3 as high‐quality. They assessed the lesions on a 5‐point scale, which was binarized to analyze diagnostic consistency of the synthesized PET compared to the acquired PET.Statistical TestsThe agreement in ratings between the acquired and synthesized PET were tested with Gwet's AC and exact Bowker test of symmetry. Agreement of the readers was assessed by Gwet's AC. P = 0.05 was used as the cutoff for statistical significance.ResultsThe synthesized PET visually resembled the acquired PET and showed significant improvement in quality metrics (+21.7% on PSNR, +22.2% on SSIM, −31.8% on RSME) compared with ASL. A total of 49.7% of the synthesized PET were considered as high‐quality compared to 73.4% of the acquired PET which was statistically significant, but with distinct variability between readers. For the positive/negative lesion assessment, the synthesized PET had an accuracy of 87% but had a tendency to overcall.ConclusionThe proposed deep learning model has the potential of synthesizing diagnostic quality FDG PET images without the use of radiotracers.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Food for flower‐visiting insects: Appreciating common native wild flowering plants
Authors: Wignall Veronica R. , Balfour Nicholas J. , Gandy Sam , Ratnieks Francis L. W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Native wild flowering plants provide important season‐round nectar and pollen resources for flower‐visiting insects, but many are unappreciated or even disliked by members of the public; for example ivy (Hedera spp.), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.).

This antipathy has received little research attention despite a pressing need for a societal shift towards greater awareness of such plants and recognition of their ecological value.

Engendering greater awareness and appreciation of common wild‐growing plants could greatly improve floral resource availability for flower‐visiting insects, enhance biodiversity and simultaneously benefit human physical and mental well‐being.

However, there are multiple challenges to changing public attitudes. Knowledge of common wild flowering plants among members of the public is limited and this phenomenon is symptomatic of a diminishing human connection to nature. While many species of wild flowering plants may be overlooked due to a lack of awareness or knowledge, it is evident that some ‘weeds’ are actively unpopular.

Reframing societal perceptions towards ecological value could be achieved in several ways including through formal education, messaging by the media, businesses and environmental organisations, and by encouraging public participation in urban land management.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Potassium Poisoning Effects on Sol‐gel Mn/TiO2Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3at Low Temperature
Authors: Zheng Jiang , Gui Xia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMn/TiO2catalysts exhibited more excellent activity and higher selectivity in low‐temperature SCR of NOx with NH3. Alkali metal, particularly potassium presented in the ash, could severely deactivate SCR catalyst and then reduce its lifetime. In this study, sol‐gel Mn/TiO2catalyst was employed to evaluate its SCR activity with and without the presence of KNO3at 100–300 °C. The influence of various parameters such as KNO3loading amount, calcination time, temperature and catalyst deactivation was investigated. The characterization results indicated that the doping of potassium on Mn/TiO2surface obviously resulted in a great decrease of reducibility, surface acidity and NH3adsorption capacity. XPS spectra revealed the decrease of Mn4+atomic concentration and chemisorbed oxygen species caused by potassium doping. In addition, obvious variation of potassium states (K1.04Ti8O16) was detected for K−Mn/TiO2catalyst after calcining treatment, which may lead to a poorer performance of SCR catalyst.
Literacy‐based Play with Young Emergent Bilinguals: Explorations in Vocabulary, Translanguaging, and Identity Work
Authors: Moses Lindsey , Torrejon Capurro Carolina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article explores the findings from a formative study focused on language and literacy development in an international school's K5 classroom in South America. The teacher's pedagogical goal was to increase the amount of English used by students related to the social context of a restaurant. The intervention involved an integrated literacy and play‐based unit to introduce, reinforce, and support vocabulary development and opportunities for independent play related to the content/vocabulary. The authors analyze video recordings of the students' independent play three times a week for 6 weeks using two different theoretical and methodological approaches. The authors collected quantitative data related to English usage and codeswitching analysis, and qualitative data of students' interactions, translanguaging, and identity work. The quantitative findings reveal a significant increase in English usage during independent play. The qualitative findings explore the ways in which young bilinguals draw on all their linguistic resources and use translanguaging practices to navigate play and negotiate identity. The constraints and affordances of each approach are discussed as the authors present new theoretical contributions by utilizing codeswitching and translanguaging approaches to explore the pedagogical intervention and student identity work. This study provides implications for literacy and play‐based instruction for multilingual learners.
The Crystal Structure of BaZn2Se2(OH)2 Featuring Brownmillerite‐Type Layers
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Yiran , Kamp Kendall R. , Walters Lauren N. , Ding Fenghua , Rondinelli James M. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA bimetallic hydroxychalcogenide, BaZn2Se2(OH)2, was synthesized through hydrothermal pouch methods. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction and electron diffraction indicates that the phase crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma and is composed of anionic layers [ZnSe3/3(OH)1/1]− that are separated and charged balanced by Ba2+ cations. The [ZnSe3/3(OH)1/1]– layer comprises two unique Zn sites, which form interpenetrating zigzag chains with an in‐plane dipole moment and adopts a brownmillerite‐type structural motif. The adjacent layers contain tetrahedrally coordinated Zn chains of opposite handedness related by an inversion center, which cancel the microscopic dipoles to minimize the macroscopic electric polarization. The adoption of a brownmillerite structural motif in BaZn2Se2(OH)2 can be rationalized by the distinct charge difference between Se2− and OH− anions, which creates a sufficient dipole moment in the ZnSe3(OH) tetrahedra to allow the occurrence of twisted chains. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the existence of OH− anions and DFT calculations indicate that BaZn2Se2(OH)2 is a semiconductor with a direct band gap. This work expands the chemistry of the brownmillerite family from traditional homoanionic oxides to multianion hydroxychalcogenides, offering a new opportunity to explore tunable structural complexity for better design of functional materials.
Measuring Thermally Induced Tool Center Point Displacements on Milling Machines Using a Test Workpiece
Authors: Fickert Axel , Wiemer Hajo , Gißke Carola , Penter Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) “Transregio 96” focuses on the thermo-elastic behaviour of machine tools and the development of solutions, that aim at reducing thermally induced manufacturing errors. Various compensation and correction solutions were developed. To verify the efficiency of those solutions, a measuring technique involving a test work piece (TWP) and defined load cases were developed. The load cases are given in the form of NC-programs to create thermal loads on a machine tool by moving its feed axes on a pre-defined route, rotating the main spindle at pre-defined speeds or letting the machine tool rest for a pre-defined period of time. The TWP was used to capture the resulting thermally induced displacements of the tool center point (TCP).In this publication the TWP and the two load cases are described. And the test procedure itself, as well as experimental data to validate the results are presented. The described approach has the potential to be a cost effective way for measuring thermally induced errors of machine tools. It allows for a simple and time saving experimental setup and is easy to apply on, and compare the results between multiple machine tools. Furthermore, the presented method of determining thermally induced displacements of a machine tool’s TCP will be compared to other commonly used direct or indirect measurement techniques, showing its benefits, drawbacks and limitations.
An infinite family of elliptic ladder integrals
Authors: McLeod Andrew , Morales Roger , von Hippel Matt , Wilhelm Matthias , Zhang Chi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We identify two families of ten-point Feynman diagrams that generalize the elliptic double box, and show that they can be expressed in terms of the same class of elliptic multiple polylogarithms to all loop orders. Interestingly, one of these families can also be written as a dlog form. For both families of diagrams, we provide new 2ℓ-fold integral representations that are linearly reducible in all but one variable and that make the above properties manifest. We illustrate the simplicity of this integral representation by directly integrating the three-loop representative of both families of diagrams. These families also satisfy a pair of second-order differential equations, making them ideal examples on which to develop bootstrap techniques involving elliptic symbol letters at high loop orders.
The transmembrane domain of Frey1 harbors a transplantable inhibitory motif for intramembrane proteases
Authors: Contreras Whendy , Bazan J. Fernando , Mentrup Torben 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough aspartic intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CLIPs) are crucial switches of multiple signaling pathways and involved in several devastating diseases, little is known about their physiological regulation. We have recently identified Frey regulator of sperm-oocyte fusion 1 (Frey1) as an inhibitory protein of Signal Peptide Peptidase-like 2c (SPPL2c), a member of this protease family. Employing structure modeling along with cell-based inhibition and interaction studies, we identify a short motif within the Frey1 transmembrane domain essential for inhibition of SPPL2c. Intriguingly, this motif can be transplanted to the SPPL2c substrate PLN, thereby transforming it into an inhibitor of this enzyme. It can be adopted for the generation of Notch1-based γ-Secretase inhibitors demonstrating its versatile use among aspartic I-CLIPs. In summary, we describe a mechanism of aspartic I-CLIP inhibition which allows the targeted generation of specific inhibitors of these enzymes and might enable the identification of endogenous negative regulators of these enzymes.
Einsamkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Zur Verbreitung eines Risikofaktors für die psychische Gesundheit unter 11- bis 15-jährigen deutschen Schülerinnen und Schülern
Authors: Schütz Raphael , Bilz Ludwig 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Einsamkeit ist sowohl im öffentlichen als auch im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs ein zunehmend präsentes Thema. Es liegen inzwischen zahlreiche Forschungsergebnisse zur Verbreitung und zu den gesundheitsbezogenen Zusammenhängen von Einsamkeit bei Erwachsenen vor. Zur Einsamkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter gibt es für Deutschland nur wenige Erkenntnisse. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt dieser Beitrag Befunde zur Verbreitung von Einsamkeit bei 11- bis 15-jährigen deutschen Schüler*innen vor und untersucht Zusammenhänge mit soziodemographischen Merkmalen.

Methoden
Die Studie „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children“ (HBSC) ist eine globale Forschungskooperation unter Schirmherrschaft der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). In Brandenburg erfasste die Studie Daten von 3819 Kindern und Jugendlichen an allgemeinbildenden Schulen in den Klassenstufen 5, 7 und 9 (MAlter = 13,5, SD = 1,6). Einsamkeit wurde anhand der University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale und eines Einzelitems erhoben.

Ergebnisse
13,2 % der Befragten gaben an, sich „meistens“ einsam zu fühlen, „immer“ einsam fühlten sich 3,6 %. Einsamkeit war stärker ausgeprägt bei Mädchen, bei Schüler*innen mit der Geschlechtszuschreibung „divers“ sowie bei älteren Heranwachsenden und bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit niedrigerem sozioökonomischen Status.

Diskussion
Die Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass Einsamkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ein weit verbreitetes Phänomen ist. Dass sich Mädchen, ältere Schüler*innen sowie Kinder und Jugendliche mit geringerem familiären Wohlstand einsamer fühlen, stimmt mit Ergebnissen aus anderen Ländern überein und liefert Ansatzpunkte für die Planung von Präventionsmaßnahmen. Es bedarf in Deutschland weiterer Forschung zu möglichen gesundheitsbezogenen Zusammenhängen von Einsamkeit.
V for vaccines and variants
Authors: Delli Gatti Domenico , Reissl Severin , Turco Enrico 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, we evaluate the effects of vaccines and virus variants on epidemiological and macroeconomic outcomes by means of Monte Carlo simulations of a macroeconomic-epidemiological agent-based model calibrated using data from the Lombardy region of Italy. From simulations we infer that vaccination plays the role of a mitigating factor, reducing the frequency and the amplitude of contagion waves and significantly improving macroeconomic performance with respect to a scenario without vaccination. The emergence of a variant, on the other hand, plays the role of an accelerating factor, leading to a deterioration of both epidemiological and macroeconomic outcomes and partly negating the beneficial impacts of the vaccine. A new and improved vaccine in turn can redress the situation. Vaccinations and variants, therefore, can be conceived of as drivers of an intertwined cycle impacting both epidemiological and macroeconomic developments.