bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of vascular imaging acquisition at local stroke centers on workflows in the drip-n-ship model: a RACECAT post hoc analysis
Authors: Flores Alan , Garcia-Tornel Alvaro , Seró Laia , Ustrell Xavier , Requena Manuel , Pellisé Anna , Rodriguez Paula , Monterde Angela , Lara Lidia , Gonzalez-de-Echavarri Jose María , Molina Carlos A , Doncel-Moriano Antonio , Dorado Laura , Cardona Pedro , Cánovas David , Krupinski Jerzy , Más Natalia , Purroy Francisco , Zaragoza-Brunet Jose , Palomeras Ernesto , Cocho Dolores , Garcia Jessica , Colom Carla , Silva Yolanda , Gomez-Cocho Manuel , Jiménez Xavier , Ros-Roig Josep , Abilleira Sonia , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia , Ribo Marc 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe influence of vascular imaging acquisition on workflows at local stroke centers (LSCs) not capable of performing thrombectomy in patients with a suspected large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke remains uncertain. We analyzed the impact of performing vascular imaging (VI+) or not (VI− at LSC arrival on variables related to workflows using data from the RACECAT Trial.ObjectiveTo compare workflows at the LSC among patients enrolled in the RACECAT Trial with or without VI acquisition.MethodsWe included patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke who were enrolled in the RACECAT Trial, a cluster-randomized trial that compared drip-n-ship versus mothership triage paradigms in patients with suspected acute LVO stroke allocated at the LSC. Outcome measures included time metrics related to workflows and the rate of interhospital transfers and thrombectomy among transferred patients.ResultsAmong 467 patients allocated to a LSC, vascular imaging was acquired in 277 patients (59%), of whom 198 (71%) had a LVO. As compared with patients without vascular imaging, patients in the VI+ group were transferred less frequently as thrombectomy candidates to a thrombectomy-capable center (58% vs 74%, P=0.004), without significant differences in door-indoor-out time at the LSC (median minutes, VI+ 78 (IQR 69–96) vs VI− 76 (IQR 59–98), P=0.6). Among transferred patients, the VI+ group had higher rate of thrombectomy (69% vs 55%, P=0.016) and shorter door to puncture time (median minutes, VI+ 41 (IQR 26–53) vs VI− 54 (IQR 40–70), P<0.001).ConclusionAmong patients with a suspected LVO stroke initially evaluated at a LSC, vascular imaging acquisition might improve workflow times at thrombectomy-capable centers and reduce the rate of futile interhospital transfers. These results deserve further evaluation and should be replicated in other settings and geographies.
Variation in US acute ischemic stroke treatment by hospital regions: limited endovascular access despite evidence
Authors: Stein Laura K , Maillie Luke , Erdman John , Loebel Emma , Mayman Naomi , Sharma Akarsh , Wolmer Sophia , Tuhrim Stanley , Fifi Johanna T , Jette Nathalie , Mocco J , Dhamoon Mandip S 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAlthough national organizations recognize the importance of regionalized acute ischemic stroke (AIS) care, data informing expansion are sparse. We assessed real-world regional variation in emergent AIS treatment, including growth in revascularization therapies and stroke center certification. We hypothesized that we would observe overall growth in revascularization therapy utilization, but observed differences would vary greatly regionally.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional analysis was carried out of de-identified national inpatient Medicare Fee-for-Service datasets from 2016 to 2019. We identified AIS admissions and treatment with thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy (ET) with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. We grouped hospitals in Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare Hospital Referral Regions (HRR) and calculated hospital, demographic, and acute stroke treatment characteristics for each HRR. We calculated the percent of hospitals with stroke certification and AIS cases treated with thrombolysis or ET per HRR.ResultsThere were 957 958 AIS admissions. Relative mean (SD) growth in percent of AIS admissions receiving revascularization therapy per HRR from 2016 to 2019 was 13.4 (31.7)% (IQR −6.1–31.7%) for thrombolysis and 28.0 (72.0)% (IQR 0–56.0%) for ET. The proportion of HRRs with decreased or no difference in ET utilization was 38.9% and the proportion of HRRs with decreased or no difference in thrombolysis utilization was 32.7%. Mean (SD) stroke center certification proportion across HRRs was 45.3 (31.5)% and this varied widely (IQR 18.3–73.4%).ConclusionsOverall growth in AIS treatment has been modest and, within HRRs, growth in AIS treatment and the proportion of centers with stroke certification varies dramatically.
Probing displaced top quark signature at the LHC Run 3
Authors: Andrea Jeremy , Bloch Daniel , Conte Éric , Darej Douja , Ducrocq Robin , Nibigira Emery 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the context of prospective studies for searches of new physics at the LHC Run 3, this paper investigates the relevance of using top quarks produced from new long-lived particles, and detected in the tracker volume of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Such a signature, referred to as displaced top quarks, leads to final states containing displaced vertices and a high multiplicity of displaced jets and tracks, thanks to the top quark decays. Therefore, it is a possible powerful tool for searching for new long-lived particles. Three simplified models based on supersymmetry are explicitly designed for the study of this signature. They differ according to the nature of the long-lived heavy particle which produces at least one top quark: electrically neutral or charged, coloured or non-coloured long-lived particle. For each model, a wide region of parameter space, consistent with a reasonable number of displaced top quarks decaying in a typical tracker volume has been probed. From this study, promising benchmarks are defined and experimental guidelines are suggested.
Scattershot multiboson correlation sampling with random photonic inner-mode multiplexing
Authors: Tamma Vincenzo , Laibacher Simon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultiphoton interference is an essential phenomenon at the very heart not only of fundamental quantum optics and applications in quantum information processing and sensing but also of demonstrations of quantum computational supremacy in boson sampling experiments relying only on linear optical interferometers. However, scalable boson sampling experiments with either photon number states or squeezed states are challenged by the need to generate a large number of photons with fixed temporal and frequency spectra from one experimental run to another. Unfortunately, even the well-established standard multiplexing techniques employed to generate photons with fixed spectral properties are affected by the detrimental effects of losses, spectral distorsions and reduction in purity. Here, we employ sampling correlation measurements in the photonic inner modes, time and frequency, at the interferometer input and output to ensure the occurrence of multiphoton interference even with pure states of input photons with random spectral overlap from one sample to another. Indeed, by introducing a random multiplexing technique where photons are generated with random inner-mode parameters, it is possible to substantially enhance the probability to successfully generate samples and overcome the typical drawbacks in standard multiplexing. We also demonstrate the classical hardness of the resulting problem of scattershot multiboson correlation sampling based on this technique. Therefore, these results not only shed new light in the computational complexity of multiboson interference but also allow us to enhance the experimental scalability of boson sampling schemes. Furthermore, this research provides a new exciting route toward future demonstrations of quantum computational supremacy with scalable experimental resources as well as future applications in quantum information processing and sensing beyond boson sampling.
Important roles of underground research laboratories for the geological disposal of radioactive wastes: an international perspective
Authors: Mayer Stefan J. , Van Marcke Philippe , Jung Haeryong , Thompson Paul , Acharya Govatsa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

After decades of research, development and demonstration (RD&D), mature concepts for the geological disposal of long-lived and high-level radioactive waste exist and some are close to being implemented. Underground research laboratories (URLs) have made an essential contribution to this progress. They enable
in situ
characterization and testing of host rocks and the demonstration of technologies and component performances at representative scales and under realistic geological conditions. They also offer a tool for training personnel and show aspects of the geological disposal concepts to stakeholders, including the public. In this paper we will present the different types and roles of URLs and we will discuss how the RD&D role of URLs has evolved and how it is likely to evolve in the near future.
Effect of Humulus lupulus L. (Hop) on Postmenopausal Sexual Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Vahedpoorfard Zahra , Ferdosi Samira , Rahimi Habibollah , Motedayyen Hossein 
Published: April 2023

Objective. Female sexual dysfunction is a common distressing problem among women, which may result from reducing circulating endogenous estrogen. Humulus lupulus L. (hop) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and estrogenic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of hop on postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. Methods. In the current randomized clinical trial, study populations consisted of 63 postmenopausal women who were randomly categorized into two groups. In the hop group (N = 33), women received the vaginal gel containing Hop extract every day for seven days and then continued for two months, twice weekly. In the estradiol group (N = 30), women were treated with vaginal estradiol (0.625 mg) over two 28-day cycles (21 days of therapy and seven days rest). The sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire before and after intervention. Results. No statistically significant differences in FSFI scores (sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, satisfaction, orgasm, sexual pain, and total FSFI) (

P

> 0.05) were noticed after treatment between the hop and estradiol groups. Conclusion. Vaginal hop was as effective as estradiol in improving the sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women with no adverse events. This trial is registered with IRCT20210405050859N1.
FOXA2 Cooperates with Mutant KRAS to Drive Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Tomoshige Koichi , Stuart William D. , Fink-Baldauf Iris M. , Ito Masaoki , Tsuchiya Tomoshi , Nagayasu Takeshi , Yamatsuji Tomoki , Okada Morihito , Fukazawa Takuya , Guo Minzhe , Maeda Yutaka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The endoderm-lineage transcription factor FOXA2 has been shown to inhibit lung tumorigenesis in in vitro and xenograft studies using lung cancer cell lines. However, FOXA2 expression in primary lung tumors does not correlate with an improved patient survival rate, and the functional role of FOXA2 in primary lung tumors remains elusive. To understand the role of FOXA2 in primary lung tumors in vivo, here, we conditionally induced the expression of FOXA2 along with either of the two major lung cancer oncogenes, EGFRL858R or KRASG12D, in the lung epithelium of transgenic mice. Notably, FOXA2 suppressed autochthonous lung tumor development driven by EGFRL858R, whereas FOXA2 promoted tumor growth driven by KRASG12D. Importantly, FOXA2 expression along with KRASG12D produced invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung, a fatal mucus-producing lung cancer comprising approximately 5% of human lung cancer cases. In the mouse model in vivo and human lung cancer cells in vitro, FOXA2 activated a gene regulatory network involved in the key mucous transcription factor SPDEF and upregulated MUC5AC, whose expression is critical for inducing IMA. Coexpression of FOXA2 with mutant KRAS synergistically induced MUC5AC expression compared with that induced by FOXA2 alone. ChIP-seq combined with CRISPR interference indicated that FOXA2 bound directly to the enhancer region of MUC5AC and induced the H3K27ac enhancer mark. Furthermore, FOXA2 was found to be highly expressed in primary tumors of human IMA. Collectively, this study reveals that FOXA2 is not only a biomarker but also a driver for IMA in the presence of a KRAS mutation.

Significance:
FOXA2 expression combined with mutant KRAS drives invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung by synergistically promoting a mucous transcriptional program, suggesting strategies for targeting this lung cancer type that lacks effective therapies.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cervical Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: Mediating Effects of Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Deprivation
Authors: Sokale Itunu O. , Oluyomi Abiodun O. , Montealegre Jane R. , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background:
Mortality from cervical cancer has declined steadily in the United States over the past several decades due to widespread screening for precancerous and early-stage cervical cancer (ECC), which are significantly easier to treat compared with late-stage cervical cancer (LCC). Unequal screening access continues to cause significant racial/ethnic disparities in cervical cancer diagnosis stage. This study examined the underlying role of neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage as a potential mediator of the association between race/ethnicity and cervical cancer diagnosis stage.

Methods:
We analyzed Texas Cancer Registry data for cervical cancer cases diagnosed among women ages 18 or older from 2010 to 2018. We performed causal mediation analyses of the association between race/ethnicity and cervical cancer stage at diagnosis mediated by neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage.

Results:
Of the 9,192 women with cervical cancer, 4,720 (51.3%) had LCC at diagnosis. Compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) women (106.13, standard deviation (SD) = 13.32), non-Hispanic Black (NHB; 111.46, SD = 9.55) and Hispanic (112.32, SD = 9.42) women had higher area deprivation index (ADI) and had greater odds of LCC diagnosis [total effects: adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.29 (95% CI, 1.11–1.46) and AOR 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03–1.25), respectively]. Approximately 34.7% and 71.6% of the disparity in LCC diagnosis were attributable to higher neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage among NHB and Hispanic women, respectively.

Conclusions:
LCC disparity varied by race/ethnicity and was partly attributable to neighborhood disadvantage. The disparity among Hispanic women due to neighborhood deprivation was twice as high among NHB women.

Impact:
Findings may be used to develop targeted race- and place-specific interventions to improve cancer care equity.
A View on Drug Development for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Reynolds Andrew R. , Moschetta Michele , Yohannes Alula R. , Walcott Farzana , Ashford Marianne , Szucs Zoltan , Sarbajna Tina , Hadfield James , Harrison Eden , Challis Benjamin G. , Hernandez Amaya Gasco , Schiavon Gaia , Germa Caroline , Zorenyi Gyorgy , Crean Barry , Galbraith Susan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Despite some notable successes, there are still relatively few agents approved for cancer prevention. Here we review progress thus far in the development of medicines for cancer prevention, and we outline some key concepts that could further enable or accelerate drug development for cancer prevention in the future. These are summarized under six key themes: (i) unmet clinical need, (ii) patient identification, (iii) risk stratification, (iv) pharmacological intervention, (v) clinical trials, and (vi) health care policy. These concepts, if successfully realized, may help to increase the number of medicines available for cancer prevention.

Significance:
The huge potential public health benefits of preventing cancer, combined with recent advances in the availability of novel early detection technologies and new treatment modalities, has caused us to revisit the opportunities and challenges associated with developing medicines to prevent cancer. Here we review progress in the field of developing medicines to prevent cancer to date, and we present a series of ideas that might help in the development of more medicines to prevent cancer in the future.
Achieving the Goals of the Cancer Moonshot Requires Progress against All Cancers
Authors: Bertagnolli Monica M. , Carnival Danielle , Jaffee Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2023

Summary:In February 2022, President Joseph R. Biden made reducing age-adjusted cancer mortality by at least 50% over the next 25 years a key goal of the Cancer Moonshot. Although recent progress puts this goal within reach, succeeding will require major commitments to progress on all fronts: basic research, clinical and translational research, health care delivery, and public health.See related article by Shiels et al., p. 1084 (2).
POLLINATION ECOLOGY, BREEDING SYSTEMS AND SEED DISPERSAL IN PASSIFLORA FOETIDA L. (PASSIFLORACEAE), A PERENNIAL HERBACEOUS CLIMBER WEED IN SOUTHERN PARTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.
Authors: MALLIKARJUNA RAO M. 
Published: April 2023

Passiflora foetida L. (Passifloraceae) is an herbaceous climber weed; grows up to 1.5 - 6.5m tall occur in riverbeds, wastelands, forest floors, crop fields, and roadsides, ascend about 4 to 10 m (13 to 32 feet) tall, exhibit peak flowering in July to December; produce white flowers marked with a ring of radially oriented purple streaks nectar guide, the flower opens along with sunrise and closes the same day noon. It exhibits three kinds of stigma positions in the same plant with different frequencies which determined the fertility rate of flower 1. Stigma below the anthers 64% (fully curved), 2. Stigmas above the anthers 16% (no curvature), 3. Stigmas above anthers 20% (partially curved). P. foetida flower shows both self-pollination and Cross-pollination. Xylocopa latipas sp. visits the flowers frequently among all of the forages and the Stigmas curved below the anthers produce height fruit set (68%) and seed set (82.14%). The fruits and seeds spread far destinations by animals (Zoochory). It cultivates in agricultural fields for their ornamental flowers, edible fruits, and pharmaceutical uses. The present study explored ecological importance, reproductive ecology and the pollinator interaction of the plant.
Direitos humanos e covid-19: diálogos a partir da racialização da população negra
Authors: Costa Célia Souza da , Araújo Danielle Ferreira Medeiro da Silva de , Guimarães Walkyria Chagas da Silva Santos 
Published: April 2023

Este artigo teve como objetivo discutir os efeitos da covid-19 sobre os direitos humanos da população negra brasileira, questionando a própria concepção de direitos humanos, a partir de autores e autoras que discutem a necessidade de racializar este debate. Para a análise, utilizou-se a metodologia fenomenológica dialética. Concluiu-se que a lógica do “pretuguês” surge como uma racionalidade que tensiona a produção do direito e a atuação do Estado e das políticas públicas em prol dos direitos humanos dos povos da periferia. Concluiu-se também que o dilema pandêmico causado pela covid-19 pode ser uma base para se repensarem as consequências do racismo estrutural, considerando que somente a partir de uma mudança de postura estatal e com a ação dos movimentos sociais será possível a efetivação dos direitos humanos, em especial os da população negra.
High‐Intensity Statin Reduces the Risk of Mortality Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Bea Sungho , Oh In‐Sun , Kim Ju Hwan , Sinn Dong Hyun , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Shin Ju‐Young 
Published: April 2023

Background
2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guideline recommends statin in patients with chronic and/or stable liver disease for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease yet remains equivocal on the adequate intensity of statin for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We aimed to assess the association between statin intensity and mortality among patients with CLD with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results
We conducted a population‐based cohort study in South Korea. We assessed the risk of survival and clinical outcomes using inverse probability of treatment‐weighted Cox proportional hazards regression. We also estimated the absolute risk difference between treatment groups based on the Poisson distribution. During an average of 2.35 person‐years, 10 442 patients with CLD with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were identified. Among those patients, 5515 (52.8%) received high‐intensity statin, and 4927 (47.2%) received low/moderate‐intensity statin. High‐intensity statin was associated with lower risk for all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75–0.92]), cardiovascular‐cause mortality (HR, 0.85 [0.71–1.01]), liver‐cause mortality (HR, 0.72 [0.54–0.97]) compared with low/moderate‐intensity statin. Although both hospitalizations for recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke were shown to be increased among high‐intensity statin users, effect estimate was homogeneous in the absolute scale (myocardial infarction: HR, 1.12 [1.04–1.19], risk difference, 7.57 [−0.69 to 15.84] per 1000 person‐years; stroke: HR, 1.11 [0.97 to 1.27]; risk difference, −1.70 [−5.19 to 1.78]).

Conclusions
Among patients with CLD with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, high‐intensity statin was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality. These findings herein support the guidelines for statin use in patients with CLD while demonstrating potential benefit of optimal intensity use.