bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacred Space
Authors: LaFleur Ingrid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Decolonization through the Afrofuture” discusses how society’s imagination around space has become heavily influenced by space industrialists Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos. The direction they are leading us in is borrowing from the colonial playbook, replicating systems of oppression in order to grow the space industry. What does that mean for Black people and marginalized communities? What does that mean for our collective future when space is led by those who are beneficiaries of the course we are currently on? Afrofuture thinking, derived from the cultural movement Afrofuturism, can provide alternative approaches for space exploration and the development of the industry. By revisiting African precolonial and ancient past relationships to space through an Afrofuture lens, we can imagine and investigate new possibilities that will not continue the systems of harm we perpetuate here on Earth.
Indigeneity, Space Expansion, and the Three-Body Problem
Authors: Milligan Tony 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Indigeneity, Space Expansion, and the Three-Body Problem” argues that inclusion of Indigenous storytelling within discussions about space can facilitate thinking critically about ethics, including rethinking the legacy of the kinds of ethics that emerged within the heartlands of the colonial world. Part of this legacy is the view that good ethics revolves around a compact set of universal rules (principles that might be transferred anywhere). These principles act as a fixed center. However, this chapter argues that it may make more sense to think of space ethics as a field of inquiry that has no fixed center. Drawing an analogy with the three-body problem in celestial mechanics, there may be no fixed point around which everything else in space ethics must revolve. Three pathways to the inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge are considered in this chapter, pointing toward a multiplicity of things that matter from an ethical point of view.
Introduction
Authors: Peterson Joseph W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The introduction previews the book’s main arguments—about the role of conservative Catholics in creating a discourse of sometime admiration for Islam; the role of liberal Catholics in producing anxiety about Muslim unity and “fanaticism”; and the increasing animosity and racialization toward Muslims in the wake of violence in the Ottoman Empire, of settler colonial control in Algeria, and of missionary failures. A final argument is the importance of looking for Muslim Algerian agency as potential converts navigated the “scripts” and expectations of missionaries and imperialists. The book’s arguments intersect with a number of existing fields of scholarship, from the history of French Catholicism and missions to the history of Orientalism, from the history of colonial Algeria to the history of racism. The introduction also includes chapter summaries.
“Sincerely Religious”
Authors: Peterson Joseph W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter one explores how at the start of Algerian colonization in the 1840s culture warriors like Louis Veuillot, the leading Catholic journalist in France, and his allies employed an idealized view of Muslim unity and religiosity to criticize France’s divided, anticlerical July Monarchy. Veuillot and other ultramontane Catholics viewed Algeria’s Muslims as religious noble savages, whose devoutness condemned the decadent, secular civilization of France. They also believed that an explicitly Catholic, pro-missionary colonial policy would be more intelligible and palatable to the Muslims than a policy of religious indifference and toleration. Nevertheless, the roots of a more secularized civilizational rhetoric—the use of “civilization” and its fruits to condemn Islam as inferior—already existed even within Veuillot’s philo-Islamism.
Crusade of Charity
Authors: Peterson Joseph W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapters Four and Five detail the convergence between France’s Catholics and the imperial, “civilizing” project, as Catholics increasingly unified with the French nation against the uncivilized, Islamic foe and abandoned any pretense of wanting to convert Muslims. These chapters focus on the Catholic charitable organization the Œuvre d’Orient which raised funds for the allegedly oppressed Christian minorities of the Ottoman Empire, and the milieu of liberal Catholic notables that animated that Œuvre. These liberal Catholics (many of them amateur or professional orientalists) produced knowledge about Islam and about the Ottoman Empire and were early adopters of the ideology of the “civilizing mission”—a more mainstream, secular justification for imperial interventions.
Control what you forget and remember
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter offered suggestions for controlling what you forget and what you remember. Create priority cues. Think directly about why something is important (or unimportant) to remember. Be deliberate about outsourcing memory. In this digital age, it’s especially easy to rely on external memory aids, often without realizing you’re doing it, such as how passwords auto-complete, social media sends birthday reminders, and phone numbers are stored in your phone. Give thought to what information you choose to store externally versus internally, so you can make sure the information you store in your brain is the information most useful to keep there! Push it out of mind. If you find that an unwanted memory is coming to mind, research has shown that an effective strategy is to slam on your mental brakes, clearing your mind of the memory and forcing it from your consciousness.
Memory aids
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Memory aids can help you remember many things that are important to your daily life. Our recommendation is to always consider using a memory aid to remember information if it is important and/or easy to do so. There are many important general principles to use memory aids effectively: Be organized. Be ready. Don’t delay. Keep it simple. Develop routines. A place for everything and everything in its place. Include the 5 W’s in your calendar or planner: Who, What is it for, What do you need, When, and Where. Use simple lists for simple tasks. Use the four-quadrant system for projects: important/urgent, important/not urgent, not important/urgent, not important/not urgent. Use reminders. Use a pillbox.
Basic strategies
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
When acquiring memories, be motivated. Align your in-the-moment goals with your memory goals. Relax; don’t be anxious. Avoid distraction—don’t multitask. Take breaks. Consider a cup of coffee. Use your senses. Organize and cluster. Chunk that information. Build from the foundations up. Generate content. Make associations. Create visual images. Take ownership of your learning. Make it distinctive: Involve the senses. Use humor. Imbue it with emotion. Make it important to you. Acquire content in the way you will need to retrieve it. Make acronyms. Test yourself. Space out your studying—avoid cramming. Vary your studying. Interleave your studying. Study under different conditions. Solve the problem first, then learn how to do it. Relax. Minimize interference and blocking. Use extra effort. Match your learning to the nature of what is being taught. Learn visually and auditorily whenever possible. Study together—and alone. Reflect upon your retrieval.
Advanced strategies and mnemonics
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Consider these advanced tools any time you need to memorize tens or hundreds of items. Use the method of loci, your memory palace. Use pictures to cue you. Chain images together. For lectures and speeches, chain images or use your memory palace. Use the phonetic number system. Use peg lists, whether phonetic or rhyming. Use images for letters: A = apple, B = bee, C = cat, D = dog, E = elephant, and so forth. Remember passwords by combining the phonetic number system and images for letters. Use images for playing cards based on the phonetic number system. For directions, use images, the phonetic number system, and chaining. Remember: Distinctive images are memorable.
Introduction
Authors: Bowman Diana M. , Johnson Walter G. , Ludlow Karinne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the past decade, mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRT) have entered public awareness around the world. These advanced assisted reproductive technologies (ART) primarily promise the means for a small group of families to have a biologically related child without passing on certain heritable mitochondrial diseases. However, these techniques raise safety, social, and ethical issues, which both mirror and depart from concerns raised by ART throughout the past five decades. Regulatory systems for MRT must respond to these concerns while confronting a global context with porous borders, complex stakeholders, and states adopting divergent normative positions. This introductory chapter opens the edited volume, which explores the scientific, social, ethical, and regulatory dimensions of MRT from various disciplinary and geographic perspectives. The chapters that follow seek to aid policymakers and communities in identifying the ethical, legal, and societal norms or decisions they must address as more people seek to access these treatments.
Contesting the ‘No Rules’ Label
Authors: González-Santos Sandra P. , Saldaña-Tejeda Abril 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mexico has been depicted as a country with no rules, as lacking regulation concerning new reproductive technologies, such as mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) and human gene editing. This depiction has circulated in the media and academic circles for many years, and while this framing was accurate in the past, today the situation is different. Although there is no single comprehensive law addressing these issues, this does not mean that there are no rules and that anything goes. This chapter explores what it means to ask about rules and regulations in the Mexican context. The authors do so by focusing on the existing assisted reproductive market, the public perception of science and religion, the characteristics of Mexico’s history in science policy, the regulatory proposals presented in the past 20 years, and the existing regulation pertinent to MRT. The chapter also offers some speculations about the current situation.
Asia
Authors: Ishii Tetsuya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the social implications of experimental reproduction involving mitochondrial manipulation in China, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan. Since 1999, mitochondrial transfer from donor eggs or the patient’s cells to patients’ infertile eggs was performed several times. However, in some cases miscarriages and fetal deaths occurred, raising ethical concerns. In 2003, mitochondrial replacement between an infertile couple’s embryos and embryos created using donor eggs was performed in China. This resulted in no live births and was immediately prohibited. In 2015, the United Kingdom legalised mitochondrial replacement to prevent mitochondrial disease in offspring, prompting Singapore to consider regulatory action. Mitochondrial manipulation could be a reproductive option for parents who value genetic relatedness in the family; however, this experimental technique might harm the offspring. Nonetheless, mitochondrial manipulation was perceived differently in the four countries studied here, probably due to differences in politics and in globalisation, rather than in religion and teaching.
Placing MRT in the Evolution of Reproduction
Authors: Ludlow Karinne , Johnson Walter G. , Bowman Diana M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This concluding chapter reviews the edited volume, bringing together the pivotal ideas, developments, and debates around the mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRT) identified in the chapters written by experts from multiple disciplinary and geographic perspectives, and it considers the significance of MRT to human reproduction and for other emerging technological advancements. The chapter traces the evolving global use of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial transfer before considering the influence of important actors and stakeholders in the MRT debate. It then brings together the unique questions raised by MRT that policymakers and communities will need to address whether regulation of the technology occurs or not before making observations on what MRT and our responses to it mean for other emerging technologies, particularly human heritable genome editing, and for society more broadly. It concludes that while international agreement on MRT is unlikely, bringing together multiple perspectives and voices may drive best practices forward.
The Biology of War
Authors: Ruse Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Why, if humans are so social, are they so awful? Popular in the mid-twentieth century, promoted by such luminaries as the Nobel Prize–winning ethologist Konrad Lorenz, was a secularized version of the Christian belief in original sin. Theologically, we are tainted by the disobedience of Adam. Scientifically, we are killer apes. There is no good selective explanation of this. It is not true. Adam’s behavior notwithstanding, humans are far from innate killer apes. Studies show that even the bravest soldiers in war rarely will kill their enemies. The answer lies rather in the advent of agriculture, 10,000 years ago, causing a horrendous population explosion, with consequent strife for room and for the fixed assets—agricultural produce—of others. It is culture, not genes, that has turned us into such unpleasant beings.
Developing Scholars
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In Developing Scholars: Race, Politics, and the Pursuit of Higher Education, Domingo Morel examines the little-known efforts state governments undertook to create college access programs for “disadvantaged students” in the 1960s. Relying on historical analysis and qualitative and quantitative methods, the book challenges conventional wisdom by showing how the urban uprisings of the 1960s created the political conditions that led to the formation of these programs. Moreover, through a case study analysis, the book shows how protest has been instrumental in the maintenance of a college access program. These findings help expand our understanding of the role of protest, including violent protest, in the process of policymaking and policy maintenance. The book also argues that these programs are part of the broader history of affirmative action policy in the United States. However, while the conventional views of affirmative action policies are focused on the “identification” of high-achieving students of color to attend elite institutions of higher education, these programs represent a community-centered approach to affirmative action, based on a logic of developing scholars, who can be supported at their local public institutions of higher education. Finally, the book also reveals that in response to the college expansion efforts of the 1960s, hidden forms of restriction emerged that have significantly affected students of color. These restrictions, like secondary admissions processes to enter specific majors and more stringent credentialing requirements to enter the professions, have been shielded from public scrutiny and represent barriers that prevent higher education from meeting its promise of addressing inequality.
Introduction
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the Talent Development Program (TD), a program created in 1968 to provide college access opportunities to students of color in Rhode Island. Although the program is still in existence, only a few years after its creation, the program faced threats to its survival. What helps explain the survival of the TD Program? Moreover, in trying to understand the survival of the TD program, other questions emerge. Why was the program created in the first place, and how? What was the underlying philosophy that motivated the creation of a college access program for students of color who did not meet admissions requirements to a university? In answering these questions, the analysis of the TD Program provides a lens that reveals questions and puzzles, not just about the TD Program but about race and higher education, and American politics, more broadly.
Resisting Retrenchment
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
By the early 1970s, when the threat of uprisings had subsided, college access initiatives and affirmative action policies were challenged in states throughout the United States, marking a period of policy retrenchment. Despite the success of the Talent Development Program in expanding college access opportunities to students who did not meet the admission requirements to enter the University, by the early 1970s, university and state officials began to cut the program. In response to the cuts and threat to the program, students mobilized, took over the administration building, and demanded the continued support and expansion of the program. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth analysis of the student mobilization efforts of 1971 and shows how the protests, which led university officials to declare their support for the program, contributed to continuation of the program. These findings provide evidence of the important role protest can play in the process of policy maintenance.
The Work of Developing Scholars
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
How does a program that admits students who do not meet the traditional admissions requirements and who are not considered to be academically prepared to be at the University, help students earn a college degree? Chapter 4 turns its attention to the political and individual work the program had to undertake, and continues to undertake, to “develop scholars.” The chapter shows that the work of developing scholars who were not considered college ready requires building an infrastructure of academic, financial, and personal support that demands political attention to succeed. Additionally, the chapter shows that providing the adequate support requires building an infrastructure of support beyond college admissions, academic advising, and financial aid and includes establishing formal and informal mechanisms to support students dealing with housing and food insecurity, health concerns, immigration, and court issues, among many others.
Politeness
Authors: Bergson Henri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In his lecture on politeness, the young Bergson provides a conceptual frame and a moral lesson that anticipate themes and ideas of his more mature philosophy. Starting from the question about whether politeness is “a science, an art, or a virtue,” Bergson offers his own original answer built on a tripartite classification of politeness that he borrows from the aristocratic tradition and imbues with republican ideals. In condemning obsequious hypocricy and celebrating grace, Bergson hints at his rejection of instrumental reason and his trust in intuition and sympathy as ways of knowing. His view of politeness as a virtue is meant to be a celebration of the power of philosophy to help us imagine the ideal citizen of an ideal republic.
A Sympathetic Reading of Bergson’s “Politeness”
Authors: Duranti Alessandro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
After introducing some of the likely literary sources of the concept of politeness available to Bergson when he delivered his lecture to high school students at the beginning of his career, the chapter draws a connection between some of the themes of the politeness lecture with the theoretical perspective that Bergson was developing at the same time in his dissertation, where he critiqued the scientific method of using pre-established symbolic categorization to interpret human experience. Bergson’s promoting of politeness as the expression of grace and sympathy toward others (politesse de l’esprit) and as virtue (politesse du cœur) are shown to be close to the conceptualization of some phenomenologists, Emmanuel Levinas in particular, and in striking contrast with the strategic models of politeness common in anthropology, sociology, and other social sciences.
Crossed Wires
Authors: Schiller Dan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The history of US telecommunications bears the stamp of a divided and dominative political economy. Beginning with the Post Office at the dawn of the republic, networks have constituted both enablers and pathways of US imperialism: today’s internet thus is only the latest and fullest incarnation of an “American system” for managing cross-border telecommunications. Second, business users of networks—more than carriers and, certainly, more than residential users—have repeatedly taken a pivotal role in telecommunications system development and policymaking. Network features, services, and rate structures have reflected business users’ preeminence. Third, despite their importance for virtually every sphere of social life, networks have been consecrated above all to aiding the circulation of commodities. Not social communication needs but marketing and the movement of commodities have held primacy in investment and policymaking. Finally, though often obscured and neglected, recurrent struggles by workers, consumers, and political radicals have helped shape the contour lines of US telecommunications history. Demands to alter structures of ownership and control; to expand access to service; to improve working conditions; and to pull networks out of the orbit of US imperial foreign policy have been notable features of this reform tradition. Drawing on primary sources held in many archives, as well as on a wide secondary historical scholarship, Crossed Wires documents the full sweep of US telecommunications across these four dimensions—from the Post Office to the internet two centuries later.
Paths into an Imperial Republic
Authors: Schiller Dan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Both the US Post Office and its telegraph networks bore the common imprint of empire. From the dawn of the Republic, the postal system was built out to help occupy territory, and the telegraph joined it in this role beginning in the 1840s. These networks, however, also harbored far-reaching dissimilarities. Entangled in party patronage, by the later nineteenth century the Post Office proffered cheap, efficient, and universal service. For many Americans it thus exemplified a positive model of telecommunications provision. By contrast, corporate ownership and control of the telegraph inspired cross-class “antimonopoly” movements to seek basic change. The telegraph catered for businesses to the exclusion of household users; while its owners and investors spun a web of monopoly predation, financial corruption, and political influence-mongering. Between the 1870s and the 1900s, broad-based antimonopoly coalitions pursued sustained attempts to bring accountability to the telegraph through “postalization”: government ownership.