bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning-based reconstruction approach for accelerated magnetic resonance image of the knee with compressed sense: evaluation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Iuga Andra-Iza , Rauen Philip Santiago , Siedek Florian , Große-Hokamp Nils , Sonnabend Kristina , Maintz David , Lennartz Simon , Bratke Grischa 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of combining compressed sense (CS) with a newly developed deep learning-based algorithm (CS-AI) using convolutional neural networks to accelerate 2D MRI of the knee. Methods: In this prospective study, 20 healthy volunteers were scanned with a 3T MRI scanner. All subjects received a fat-saturated sagittal 2D proton density reference sequence without acceleration and four additional acquisitions with different acceleration levels: 2, 3, 4 and 6. All sequences were reconstructed with the conventional CS and a new CS-AI algorithm. Two independent, blinded readers rated all images by seven criteria (overall image impression, visible artifacts, delineation of anterior ligament, posterior ligament, menisci, cartilage, and bone) using a 5-point Likert scale. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated. Subjective ratings and quantitative metrics were compared between CS and CS-AI with similar acceleration levels and between all CS/CS-AI images and the non-accelerated reference sequence. Friedman and Dunn´s multiple comparison tests were used for subjective, ANOVA and the Tukey Kramer test for quantitative metrics. Results: Conventional CS images at the lowest acceleration level (CS2) were already rated significantly lower than reference for 6/7 criteria. CS-AI images maintained similar image quality to the reference up to CS-AI three for all criteria, which would allow for a reduction in scan time of 64% with unchanged image quality compared to the unaccelerated sequence. SNR and CNR were significantly higher for all CS-AI reconstructions compared to CS (all p < 0.05). Conclusions AI-based image reconstruction showed higher image quality than CS for 2D knee imaging. Its implementation in the clinical routine yields the potential for faster MRI acquisition but needs further validation in non-healthy study subjects. Advances in knowledge Combining compressed SENSE with a newly developed deep learning-based algorithm using convolutional neural networks allows a 64% reduction in scan time for 2D imaging of the knee. Implementation of the new deep learning-based algorithm in clinical routine in near future should enable better image quality/resolution with constant scan time, or reduced acquisition times while maintaining diagnostic quality.
Adipopenia in body composition analysis: a promising imaging biomarker and potential predictive factor for patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement
Authors: Alatzides Georgios Luca , Haubold Johannes , Steinberg Hannah Luisa , Koitka Sven , Parmar Vicky , Grueneisen Johannes , Zeller Amos Cornelius , Schmidt Hartmut , Theysohn Jens Matthias , Li Yan , Nensa Felix , Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Body tissue composition plays a crucial role in the multisystemic processes of advanced liver disease and has been shown to be influenced by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). A differentiated analysis of the various tissue compartments has not been performed until now. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of imaging biomarkers derived from automated body composition analysis (BCA) to predict clinical and functional outcome. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 56 patients undergoing TIPS procedure between 2013 and 2021 was performed. BCA on the base of pre-interventional CT examination was used to determine quantitative data as well as ratios of bone, muscle and fat masses. Furthermore, a BCA-derived sarcopenia marker was investigated. Regarding potential correlations between BCA imaging biomarkers and the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as well as 1-year survival, an exploratory analysis was conducted. Results: No BCA imaging biomarker was associated with the occurrence of HE after TIPS placement. However, there were significant differences in alive and deceased patients regarding the BCA-derived sarcopenia marker (alive: 1.60, deceased: 1.83, p = 0.046), ratios of intra- and intermuscular fat/skeletal volume (alive: 0.53, deceased: 0.31, p = 0.015) and intra- and intermuscular fat/muscle volume (alive: 0.21, deceased: 0.14, p = 0.031). Conclusion: A lower amount of intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue might have protective effects regarding liver derived complications and survival. Advances in knowledge: Precise characterization of body tissue components with automated BCA might provide prognostic information in patients with advanced liver disease undergoing TIPS procedure.
The dosimetric underpinning of bladder filling criteria for prostate image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Kong Vickie , Dang Jennifer , Wan Vanessa , Rosewall Tara 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Repeated CT simulation imaging is common at our institution due to failure to achieve acceptable bladder filling in patients undergoing prostate radiotherapy. There is operational value in re-assessing the validity of the bladder filling assessment criteria by comparing the quality of two plans optimized based on either an “Accepted” or “Rejected” bladder status. Methods: Twenty prostate patients with repeated CT simulation imaging were included. For each patient, a VMAT plan created using the “Rejected” bladder was compared with the “Accepted” bladder plan. Then, delivered dose to bladder was estimated using ≥4 CBCTs to measure number of fractions with major bladderdose violation (>5% difference) for both plans. Bladder heights of fractions without major bladder dose violations were compared to those with a violation to determine a threshold height for bladder filling acceptability. Results: Using the “Accepted” bladder plans for treatment resulted in 30/175 fractions with major dose violations. These 30 bladders were significantly shorter than those without major violation (mean 28 vs 43mm, p < 0.05). The “Rejected” bladder plans delivered a lower dose to the bladder by ≥5% than the ‘“Accepted” bladder plans in 59% of fractions, and the number of fractions with major dose violations was 17. Conclusions: Using a shorter bladder for plan optimization resulted in better bladder sparing during treatment and improved compliance to protocol specific bladder dose constraints. A bladder height range of 20–40 mm measured between the bladder dome and the superior aspect of the symphysis pubis is recommended for prostate radiotherapy requiring a full bladder protocol. Advances in knowledge: Using real patient data from simulation and treatment, this study established a range of bladder height that can be measured easily in a clinical setting for assessing adequacy of bladder filling for prostate radiotherapy.
Radiation dose and factors related to exceeding the diagnostic reference level in 496 transnasal ileus tube placement procedures from the REX-GI study
Authors: Nagaike Koji , Hayashi Shiro , Yakushijin Takayuki , Yamamoto Masashi , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Tamaru Yuzuru , Yamada Takuya , Tsumura Hidetaka , Nakai Yousuke , Doyama Hisashi , Maetani Iruru , Takagi Tadayuki , Asai Satoshi , Matsubara Kosuke , Takenaka Mamoru , Hosono Makoto , Nishida Tsutomu 
Published: April 2023

Objective: We aimed to examine the factors contributing to radiation exposure exceeding the DRL of the transnasal ileus tube placement in this post hoc analysis from the cohort of the REX-GI study. Methods: Patients with transnasal ileus tubes were enrolled in the rex-gi study from may 2019 to december 2020. We investigated the endoscope insertion time (min), procedure time (min), tube insertion length (cm), fluoroscopy time (FT: min), air kerma at the patient entrance reference point (Ka.r: mGy), and air kerma–area product (PKA: Gycm2). The third quartile value of the PKA value was calculated as the diagnostic reference level (DRL) value. We explored the factors associated with radiation exposure exceeding the DRL. Results: In the REX-GI study, 496 patients who underwent transnasal ileus tube placement were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 71 years. The median endoscopy insertion time, procedure time, and tube insertion length were 6 min, 20 min, and 170 cm, respectively. The third quartile/median FT, Ka.r, and PKA were 18/11.9 min, 99.2/54.4 mGy, and 46.9/28 Gycm2, respectively. The third quartile value of PKA (47 Gycm2) was set as the DRL value. There were differences in distribution by the hospital. Compared with procedures under the DRL, the FT (19 vs 10 min), procedure time (25 vs 18 min), and tube insertion length (185 vs 165 cm) were significantly longer for procedures above the DRL. Conclusion: We report the DRL for transnasal ileus tube placement in Japan. A longer procedure time and tube insertion length may be associated with DRL exceedance. Advances in knowledge: Transnasal ileus tube placement under fluoroscopy guidance is a standard clinical procedure for bowel obstruction. However, the appropriate radiation dose level has not yet been established. We report the (DRL) for transnasal ileus tube placement in Japan. A longer procedure time and tube insertion length may be associated with DRL exceedance.
To what extent are objectively measured mammographic imaging techniques associated with compression outcomes
Authors: Hudson Sue M , Wilkinson Louise S , De Stavola Bianca L , dos-Santos-Silva Isabel 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To describe the association between objectively measurable imaging techniques and the resulting compression thickness and dose. Methods: The study included 80,495 routine screens from the South-West London Breast Screening Service between March 2013 and July 2017. Average compression force, paddle tilt and dose were calculated. The Volpara® DensityTM algorithm was used to estimate pressure, breast volume and density. Linear regression models, using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to account for clustering by practitioner, assessed the strength of the associations between the imaging compression outcomes, (thickness, dose) and imaging techniques (force, pressure and paddle tilt), adjusting for the subject’s characteristics (age, ethnicity, breast volume and percent mammographic density). Results: Fully adjusted linear regression models showed that compression thickness decreased by ~1 mm (~2% of mean thickness) for every 1daN increase in force and decreased by ~0.8 mm with an increase of 1 kPa of pressure (at median pressure). Increasing pressure above 15 kPa resulted in minimal reduction in thickness. Dose increased with increased force but decreased by ~1% of mean dose with every increase in 1 kPa of pressure. For 1o increase in paddle tilt, the compression thickness increased by ~1.5 mm (~2.5%) and dose increased by ~2.5%, (Pt <0.001 in all cases). Conclusion: Differences in imaging technique are associated with imaging outcome measures (thickness and dose). A better understanding of the association between objective image acquisition parameters and tumour conspicuity could lead to clearer guidelines for practitioners. Advances in knowledge: Increased paddle tilt is associated with increased compression thickness and increased dose after adjustment for breast volume and force applied.
Archäozoologische Auswertung der Grabungen FH 1978/13 und TEW 1978/26 auf dem Basler Münsterhügel
Authors: Stopp Barbara 
Published: April 2023

Das bearbeitete Tierknochenmaterial stammt aus zwei Grabungen aus dem Jahre 1978, welche anlässlich des Baus von Fernheizungsanschlüssen (Grabung FH 1978/13) und der Neuverlegung von Leitungen für Telefon, Elektrizität und Wasser (Grabung TEW 1978/26) getätigt wurden.
Die Tierknochen datieren in den Zeitraum zwischen Spätlatènezeit und der frühen Kaiserzeit (augusteische bis tiberisch- claudische Horizonte), also von ca. 80/70 v. Chr. bis 30/40 n. Chr. und gehören einer kulturhistorisch interessanten Epoche der Region Nordwestschweiz an, welche bisher nur wenig untersucht ist. Historisch gesehen befinden wir uns in einer Zeit, da das Gebiet um Basel durch römische Truppen aktiv in Besitz genommen wurde. Mit der hier vorgelegten archäozoologischen Arbeit können neue Erkenntnisse vermittelt und aufgezeigt werden, wie Ernährungsgewohnheiten und Wirtschaft auf politische, kulturelle und soziale Veränderungen reagieren.
Derechos Humanos internacionalmente reconocidos ante la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Estévez Lledó David 
Published: April 2023

Las fuentes de derecho aplicable constituyen un aspecto nuclear del sistema judicial de la Corte Penal Internacional, pues delimita tanto sus herramientas de trabajo como el método de empleo de estas. Dichas fuentes, consagradas en el artículo 21 de su Estatuto, comprenden una jerarquía de fuentes internas y externas, la jurisprudencia de la Corte y, por último, los derechos humanos internacionalmente reconocidos.
El presente ensayo tiene por objeto en el estudio de algunos de los interrogantes que plantean los derechos humanos internacionalmente reconocidos como fuente del derecho aplicable por la Corte. En particular, nuestro análisis abarca desde conceptos tan básicos como “¿qué debe entenderse por derechos humanos ‘internacionalmente reconocidos’?”, y “¿cuáles son esos derechos?”; hasta las más complejas problemáticas, derivadas de la naturaleza de estos derechos como cúspide de la jerarquía normativa de la Corte, y la legitimación de esta para actuar, en última instancia, como “legisladora de facto” para proteger tales derechos en caso de conflicto con su Estatuto.
Para ello, se tomarán como referencia los principales aportes doctrinales y jurisprudenciales que han intentado dar respuesta acerca del contenido, alcances e implicaciones de la función que los derechos humanos internacionalmente reconocidos desempeñan ante la Corte Penal Internacional.
El uso de la tecnología en la universidad. ¿Es necesaria su regulación?
Authors: Lladó Martínez Albert 
Published: April 2023

El objeto del presente trabajo es el estudio, desde un punto de vista jurídico, de las posibles consecuencias indeseadas derivadas de la introducción de nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación en el ámbito universitario; en particular, sobre algunos de los derechos constitucionales de los miembros de la comunidad universitaria. La finalidad del estudio es aportar elementos de reflexión sobre la conveniencia o no de regular los usos de la tecnología aplicada especialmente a la docencia y a la gestión universitaria para garantizar el respeto a los mencionados derechos.
La metodología empleada es la propia de la investigación en materia jurídica, a través del estudio de la normativa y jurisprudencia existente con incidencia en este ámbito, así como de la doctrina publicada al respecto.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran evidencias de que efectivamente pueden darse situaciones en el desarrollo normal de la actividad universitaria en que el uso o la imposición de determinadas nuevas tecnologías afecte derechos de sus miembros. Se constata asimismo que no existe regulación que ordene este ámbito o que impida tales afectaciones.
Ello lleva a concluir que el uso de la tecnología en la universidad debería regularse, de forma que se asegure la transparencia en su diseño e implementación, así como la protección de los derechos de sus usuarios y de los destinatarios de su utilización. La Ley Orgánica reguladora de la universidad aparece como el nivel adecuado para establecer un marco común de amparo de derechos, mientras que la normativa autonómica universitaria debería tener espacio para su posterior desarrollo en uso de sus competencias.
THz transmissive all-dielectric guided-mode resonance filter with high Q and tunability using suspended gratings
Authors: Zhou Pan , Sun Guotao , Wang Qingkang , Wu Kaiyu 
Published: April 2023

Most currently available THz narrowband filters employ metal that
introduces loss, or work in reflection mode, which limits their scope
of application. Here, a transmissive all-dielectric guided-mode
resonance filter in the THz region is presented. It contains a
suspended grating layer and a waveguide layer, separated by an air
layer. A fabrication process of the filter is proposed. Simulation
results show that the designed filter exhibits excellent transmittance
of ∼97.5% with a high Q value of ∼1500 at 1.64 THz. Furthermore, this
transmission peak is surrounded by a wide and flat sideband with width
of ∼0.75THz and transmission below 10%. Moreover,
tunability of the filter is realized by geometric scaling and by
varying the thickness of the air layer. Using geometric scaling, the
filtering frequency can be widely tuned from 0.54 to 1.64 THz,
covering the 625–725 and 780–910 GHz wireless communication
windows. Additionally, fine tuning achieved by varying the air layer
thickness could be used to compensate for a tiny shift of the designed
filtering frequency caused by errors introduced in the fabrication
process. The Q value can be further boosted to ∼11,500 by adding another layer of waveguide.
Due to its transmissive nature and high-Q resonant mode with a wide sideband
and tunability, the presented filter exhibits great potential in THz
applications such as spectroscopy, imaging, and communication.
Synergistic effect of serum uric acid and body mass index trajectories during middle to late childhood on elevation of liver enzymes in early adolescence: Findings from the Ewha Birth and Growth Study
Authors: Lee Sung Hee , Choi Eun Jeong , Kim Ui Jeong , Park Hyunjin , Park Bomi , Lee Hye Ah , Park Hyesook 
Published: April 2023

Background/objectives
We aimed to determine whether serum uric acid (SUA) and body mass index (BMI) trajectories in childhood have longitudinal association with liver enzymes in adolescence.

Methods
We conducted a study using data from the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort. Individual trajectories of SUA (n = 203) and BMI (n = 206) from 5, 7, and 9 years were defined by group-based trajectory modeling. Also, liver function enzymes were collected at 11 to 12 year of age (Aspartate Aminotransferase [AST], Alanine transaminase [ALT], and Gamma-glutamyl transferase [γ–GTP]) (n = 206). Using a generalized linear model, the effects of SUA trajectory and BMI trajectory on liver function enzymes were assessed. We also assessed the interaction effect of SUA and BMI trajectories on liver enzymes.

Results
For trajectory patterns, both SUA and BMI were classified into two distinct groups (High or Low). Both trajectory of SUA and BMI in childhood were positively associated with levels of liver enzymes at 11–12 years of age. The results showed that the combined effect of SUA and BMI trajectories on liver enzymes had a higher means in high-risk group (high SUA–high BMI trajectories group) than in low-risk group (low SUA-low BMI trajectories group) for ALT and γ–GTP, respectively. It remained significant association when adjusted for covariates. In addition, the interaction of BMI and SUA trajectories showed a significant synergistic effect.

Conclusion
Elevated childhood SUA and BMI trajectories are associated with increased liver enzymes in beginning of adolescent. This finding suggesting that early interventions in SUA and BMI may need for optimization of liver enzymes as potential marker for development of related disease in later life.
carta-relato de Maximiliano Transilvano sobre la expedición de Magallanes-Elcano. Primera vuelta al mundo (1519-1522)
Authors: Yarza Urquiola Valeriano 
Published: April 2023

El primer relato publicado sobre la expedición de Magallanes y Elcano (1519-1522), que supuso la primera vuelta al mundo, fue obra de Maximiliano Transilvano, secretario del emperador Carlos I de España, bajo el formato de una carta escrita en latín, dirigida a M. Lang, cardenal de Salzburgo, al mes siguiente de la llegada a Sevilla de los supervivientes del viaje. De ellos toma su información el autor, principalmente de Elcano, el capitán de la única nave que arribó a puerto hispano de las cinco que iniciaron la singladura.
Nuestro trabajo principal ha consistido en la realización de la edición crítica y la traducción del documento a partir especialmente de las primeras ediciones del texto. En la breve introducción nos ocupamos además de otros puntos como la figura de Transilvano, el contenido de su narración y la descripción de las ediciones y manuscritos que transmiten la obra
Causatives in Classical Armenian
Authors: Kocharov Petr 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of the five causative formations of Classical Armenian. It focuses on the correspondence between the morphosyntactic complexity of causatives and the autonomy of the causee, which is specified based on the semantic type of the noncausal base verb. The correspondence proves to be incomplete as witnessed by areas of overlap in the lexical distribution of base verbs. While the competing lexical and synthetic causatives reflect the patientive and non-patientive readings of the first argument of the noncausal verb, respectively, the competing synthetic and analytic causatives rather express the contrast in the degree of affectedness of the causee, which does not fully depend on the semantic properties of the noncausal predicate. The semantic types of causation better correlate with morphosyntactic complexity than with segmental length in Classical Armenian.
Alkali-Silica Reaction and Its Effects on the Splitting Tensile Strength and Direct Compressive Strength of Mortar Bars
Authors: Pachel Caleb E. C. , Tanner Jennifer Eisenhauer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a type of alkali-aggregate reaction that is associated with the chemical interaction of siliceous aggregate and the alkaline pore solution of concrete. The reaction causes a gel to form that readily absorbs water and can cause expansion that damages concrete in a cyclical manner. This research aims to determine the relationship between the expansion due to ASR and the strength of concrete. Despite the inherent issues pertaining to the accuracy and precision of the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT), its relative quickness makes it one of the most popular ASR tests. Conventional AMBTs were used to evaluate the reactivity of 12 aggregates and compared to a suite of control specimens to benchmark expansions and strengths. The aggregates evaluated were moderately reactive, highly reactive, or very highly reactive. Based on a total of 1,872 tests and regression analyses, both the splitting tensile and compressive strengths of the exposed mortar bars showed marked decreases when compared to the control mortar bars. The splitting tensile strength was affected more adversely than the compressive strength.