bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a novel 20% oxybutynin hydrochloride lotion for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: An open‐label extension study
Authors: Fujimoto Tomoko , Terahara Takaaki , Okawa Koji , Inakura Hiroshi , Hirayama Yuta , Yokozeki Hiroo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe long‐term safety and efficacy of 52‐week application of oxybutynin hydrochloride 20% lotion (20% OL) for the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPHH) in Japanese patients aged ≥12 years were evaluated in an open‐label extension (OLE) of a 4‐week, randomized, double‐blind (DB) study. The OLE included 114 patients who completed the DB study and wished to continue treatment and 12 new patients. In the safety analysis population (125 patients), the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was 79.2% and 36.0%, respectively. Serious AEs were observed in two patients but were considered unrelated to the investigational drug. The incidence of AEs that led to study discontinuation was 1.6%. The incidence of application site AEs and ADRs was 35.2% and 26.4%, respectively. The severity of most events was mild. The incidence of anticholinergic AEs related to dry mouth was 3.2% for thirst and 0.8% for dry throat. The long‐term efficacy of 20% OL was confirmed by a long‐lasting reduction in sweat volume and improvement in the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index. This study has several limitations: First the results may include some bias because most of the participants were from the prior DB study; second, the results may not be generalizable because only a few participants were in the age group most susceptible to PPHH (i.e., < 15 years old); and third, the study did not obtain safety information from treatment for more than 52 weeks, so this information must be collected in clinical practice in the future. No reduced therapeutic effect was observed in patients with PPHH in this study after 52‐week application of 20% OL. Also, few patients experienced serious AEs or AEs that led to study treatment discontinuation.
Diverse aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs synthesize bacteriochlorophyll in oligotrophic rather than copiotrophic conditions, suggesting ecological niche
Authors: Kuzyk Steven B. , Messner Katia , Plouffe Jocelyn , Ma Xiao , Wiens Kaitlyn , Yurkov Vladimir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile investigating aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAP) from Lake Winnipeg's bacterial community, over 500 isolates were obtained. Relatives of 20 different species were examined simultaneously, identifying conditions for optimal growth or pigment production to determine features that may unify this group of phototrophs. All were distributed among assorted α‐Proteobacterial families including Erythrobacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Sphingosinicellaceae, Acetobacteraceae, Methylobacteriaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae. Major phenotypic characteristics matched phylogenetic association, including pigmentation, morphology, metal transformations, tolerances, lipid configurations, and enzyme activities, which distinctly separated each taxonomic family. While varying pH and temperature had a limited independent impact on pigment production, bacteriochlorophyll synthesis was distinctly promoted under low nutrient conditions, whereas copiotrophy repressed its production but enhanced carotenoid yield. New AAP diversity was also reported by revealing strains related to non‐phototrophic Rubellimicrobium and Sphingorhabdus, as well as spread throughout Roseomonas, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum, which previously only had a few known photosynthetic members. This study exemplified the overwhelming diversity of AAP in a single aquatic environment, confirming cultivation continues to be of importance in microbial ecology to discover functionality in both new and previously reported cohorts of bacteria as specific laboratory conditions were required to promote aerobic bacteriochlorophyll production.
Enforcing energy consumption promotes microbial extracellular respiration for xenobiotic bioconversion
Authors: Liang Zi‐Han , Sun Hong , Li Yang , Hu Anyi , Tang Qiang , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtracellular electron transfer (EET) empowers electrogens to catalyse the bioconversion of a wide range of xenobiotics in the environment. Synthetic bioengineering has proven effective in promoting EET output. However, conventional strategies mainly focus on modifications of EET‐related genes or pathways, which leads to a bottleneck due to the intricate nature of electrogenic metabolic properties and intricate pathway regulation that remain unelucidated. Herein, we propose a novel EET pathway‐independent approach, from an energy manipulation perspective, to enhance microbial EET output. The Controlled Hydrolyzation of ATP to Enhance Extracellular Respiration (CHEER) strategy promotes energy utilization and persistently reduces the intracellular ATP level in Shewanella oneidensis, a representative electrogenic microbe. This approach leads to the accelerated consumption of carbon substrate, increased biomass accumulation and an expanded intracellular NADH pool. Both microbial electrolysis cell and microbial fuel cell tests exhibit that the CHEER strain substantially enhances EET capability. Analysis of transcriptome profiles reveals that the CHEER strain considerably bolsters biomass synthesis and metabolic activity. When applied to the bioconversion of model xenobiotics including methyl orange, Cr(VI) and U(VI), the CHEER strain consistently exhibits enhanced removal efficiencies. This work provides a new perspective and a feasible strategy to enhance microbial EET for efficient xenobiotic conversion.
Multi‐family therapy for adult outpatients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and their family members, targeting family accommodation
Authors: Tandt Hannelore L. N. , Leyman Lemke , Baeken Chris , Purdon Christine , Lemmens Gilbert M. D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a multi‐family therapy (MFT) group for adult outpatients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and their family members. Since family accommodation (FA) is known to maintain OCD symptoms by preventing exposure and response prevention (ERP), reduction of FA is a major focus of the treatment. Furthermore, psychoeducation, conjoint ERP and (re)discovering resources and strengths of families are also important therapeutic foci of the family group. The organisation of MFT is explained and involvement of family is illustrated with clinical vignettes. Finally, some reflections about MFT are provided. On the basis of initial clinical impressions, MFT seems a promising approach. A clinical trial is currently underway.
PLURALITY IN URBAN POLITICS: Conflict and Commonality in Mouffe and Thévenot
Authors: Eranti Veikko , Meriluoto Taina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article we introduce a pragmatist interpretation of agonistic pluralism and develop this into an analytical framework that is applied to the analysis of urban conflicts. In the article, we take stock of contemporary critical and radical urban scholarship, our aim being twofold. First, we substantiate Chantal Mouffe's notion of agonistic pluralism with tools from French pragmatic sociology. We suggest that, in a democracy, plurality emerges both as a plurality of conflict manifested in the variety of possible ways to identify injustices, and formulate and justify claims in public struggles, and a plurality of commonality, manifested in different logics by which a ‘we’ can be formed and action coordinated so as to solve issues without resorting to physical violence. Secondly, by applying the developed conceptualization of plurality to an ongoing urban conflict concerning an airport, we showcase the value of the approach for identifying and analyzing different forms and phases of actually existing political conflicts, and for recognizing their meaning for democracy.
Social risk and patient‐reported outcomes after total knee replacement: Implications for Medicare policy
Authors: Danielson Elizabeth C. , Li Wenjun , Suleiman Linda , Franklin Patricia D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether county‐level or patient‐level social risk factors are associated with patient‐reported outcomes after total knee replacement when added to the comprehensive joint replacement risk‐adjustment model.Data Sources and Study SettingPatient and outcomes data from the Function and Outcomes Research for Comparative Effectiveness in Total Joint Replacement cohort were merged with the Social Vulnerability Index from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Study DesignThis prospective longitudinal cohort measured the change in patient‐reported pain and physical function from baseline to 12 months after surgery. The cohort included a nationally diverse sample of adult patients who received elective unilateral knee replacement between 2012 and 2015.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsUsing a national network of over 230 surgeons in 28 states, the cohort study enrolled patients from diverse settings and collected one‐year outcomes after the surgery. Patients <65 years of age or who did not report outcomes were excluded.Principal FindingsAfter adjusting for clinical and demographic factors, we found patient‐reported race, education, and income were associated with patient‐reported pain or functional scores. Pain improvement was negatively associated with Black race (CI = −8.71, −3.02) and positively associated with higher annual incomes (≥$45,00) (CI = 0.07, 2.33). Functional improvement was also negatively associated with Black race (CI = −5.81, −0.35). Patients with higher educational attainment (CI = −2.35, −0.06) reported significantly less functional improvement while patients in households with three adults reported greater improvement (CI = 0.11, 4.57). We did not observe any associations between county‐level social vulnerability and change in pain or function.ConclusionsWe found patient‐level social factors were associated with patient‐reported outcomes after total knee replacement, but county‐level social vulnerability was not. Our findings suggest patient‐level social factors warrant further investigation to promote health equity in patient‐reported outcomes after total knee replacement.
Foraging valor linked with aggression: selection against completely abandoning aggression in the high‐elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre?
Authors: Contala Marie‐Luise , Krapf Patrick , Steiner Florian M. , Schlick‐Steiner Birgit C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAggression has multiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors (“behavioral syndromes”). The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit–cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of aggression. Here, we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations (aggressive, peaceful) of the high‐elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre. For three weeks, we collected colony fragments and analyzed boldness, exploring, foraging, and risk‐taking behaviors. We hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder, more explorative and risk‐prone, and forages more food than the peaceful population. To test whether (a) the combination of experiments and parameters used yields a good setup, (b) populations differ behaviorally, and (c) populations display behavioral syndromes, we assessed (a) the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experiment, (b) the behavioral means among populations, and (c) the behavioral repeatability, respectively. We found that (a) boldness and exploring were most repeatable and represent a good experimental setup, (b) the aggressive population was bolder and more explorative and risk‐prone than the peaceful population, (c) boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations, thus corroborating our hypothesis. The results suggest that boldness, exploring, and risk‐taking but not foraging are presumably coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndromes in this ant. Under specific ecological conditions, aggression may be coupled with other behaviors and important for finding food. Aggression is probably adaptive in T. alpestre, possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially, which may counteract the complete loss of intraspecific aggression.
Investigation on epidermal structure and water migration of postharvest passion fruit during storage
Authors: Li Xingyan , Pei Zhisheng , Meng Lanhuan , Jiang Yue , Liu Hanmei , Pan Yonggui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPassion fruit is a tropical fruit that has plenty of fruit fragrance. During storage, passion fruit quickly loses water, resulting in its poor quality. Researching the mechanism of water loss contributes to prolonging the storage time. In this study, passion fruit was stored at 7 or 25°C to analyze the relationship between epidermal structure and water migration. The epidermal wax and structure of passion fruit began to show signs of destruction from the middle stage (day 8) during storage. The mobility of free water was decreased at 7°C and increased at 25°C in passion fruit from the middle stage of storage (day 8). The migration rate of free water in passion fruit stored at 7°C was lower than that at 25°C. The mobility of immobile water was weaker in the late storage period but that of bound water changed barely. These results showed that the migration of free, immobile, and bound water had a connection with the epidermal structure. Incomplete epidermal structure promoted water loss in passion fruit, with the most pronounced loss of free water.Practical ApplicationMaintaining the epidermal structure of passion fruit well can decrease the water loss ratio. Passion fruit stored at low temperatures could better sustain the integrity of epidermal wax and structure; it was able to change the water migration rate in the epidermis of passion fruit, which was conducive to maintaining the water content.
Design of a chimeric glycosyltransferase OleD for the site‐specific O‐monoglycosylation of 3‐hydroxypyridine in nosiheptide
Authors: Zhao Ling , Xu Yuncong , Chen Manting , Wu Lingrui , Li Meng , Lu Yuanyuan , Lu Meiling , Chen Yijun , Wu Xuri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo identify the potential role of the 3‐hydroxyl group of the pyridine ring in nosiheptide (NOS) for its antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive pathogens, enzymatic glycosylation was utilized to regio‐selectively create a monoglycosyl NOS derivative, NOS‐G. For this purpose, we selected OleD, a UDP glycosyltransferase from Streptomyces antibioticus that has a low productivity for NOS‐G. Activity of the enzyme was increased by swapping domains derived from OleI, both single and in combination. Activity enhancement was best in mutant OleD‐10 that contained four OleI domains. This chimer was engineered by site‐directed mutagenesis (single and in combination) to increase its activity further, whereby variants were screened using a newly‐established colorimetric assay. OleD‐10 with I117F and T118G substitutions (FG) had an increased NOS‐G productivity of 56%, approximately 70 times higher than that of wild‐type OleD. The reason for improved activity of FG towards NOS was structurally attributed to a closer distance (<3 Å) between NOS/sugar donor and the catalytic amino acid H25. The engineered enzyme allowed sufficient activity to demonstrate that the produced NOS‐G had enhanced stability and aqueous solubility compared to NOS. Using a murine MRSA infection model, it was established that NOS‐G resulted in partial protection within 20 h of administration and delayed the death of infected mice. We conclude that 3‐hydroxypyridine is a promising site for structural modification of NOS, which may pave the way for producing nosiheptide derivatives as a potential antibiotic for application in clinical treatment.
Best practices for genotype imputation from low‐coverage sequencing data in natural populations
Authors: Watowich Marina M. , Chiou Kenneth L. , Graves Brian , Montague Michael J. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Higham James P. , Horvath Julie E. , Lu Amy , Martinez Melween I. , Platt Michael L. , Schneider‐Crease India A. , Lea Amanda J. , Snyder‐Mackler Noah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMonitoring genetic diversity in wild populations is a central goal of ecological and evolutionary genetics and is critical for conservation biology. However, genetic studies of nonmodel organisms generally lack access to species‐specific genotyping methods (e.g. array‐based genotyping) and must instead use sequencing‐based approaches. Although costs are decreasing, high‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing (WGS), which produces the highest confidence genotypes, remains expensive. More economical reduced representation sequencing approaches fail to capture much of the genome, which can hinder downstream inference. Low‐coverage WGS combined with imputation using a high‐confidence reference panel is a cost‐effective alternative, but the accuracy of genotyping using low‐coverage WGS and imputation in nonmodel populations is still largely uncharacterized. Here, we empirically tested the accuracy of low‐coverage sequencing (0.1–10×) and imputation in two natural populations, one with a large (n = 741) reference panel, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and one with a smaller (n = 68) reference panel, gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada). Using samples sequenced to coverage as low as 0.5×, we could impute genotypes at >95% of the sites in the reference panel with high accuracy (median r2 ≥ 0.92). We show that low‐coverage imputed genotypes can reliably calculate genetic relatedness and population structure. Based on these data, we also provide best practices and recommendations for researchers who wish to deploy this approach in other populations, with all code available on GitHub (https://github.com/mwatowich/LoCSI‐for‐non‐model‐species). Our results endorse accurate and effective genotype imputation from low‐coverage sequencing, enabling the cost‐effective generation of population‐scale genetic datasets necessary for tackling many pressing challenges of wildlife conservation.
Efficacy of prescribed opioids for acute pain after being discharged from the emergency department: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Daoust Raoul , Paquet Jean , Marquis Martin , Williamson David , Fontaine Guillaume , Chauny Jean‐Marc , Frégeau Amélie , Orkin Aaron M. , Upadhye Suneel , Lessard Justine , Cournoyer Alexis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are often prescribed for acute pain to patients discharged from the emergency department (ED), but there is a paucity of data on their short‐term use. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the evidence regarding the efficacy of prescribed opioids compared to nonopioid analgesics for acute pain relief in ED‐discharged patients.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and gray literature databases were searched from inception to January 2023. Two independent reviewers selected randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of prescribed opioids for ED‐discharged patients, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Authors were contacted for missing data and to identify additional studies. The primary outcome was the difference in pain intensity scores or pain relief. All meta‐analyses used a random‐effect model and a sensitivity analysis compared patients treated with codeine versus those treated with other opioids.ResultsFrom 5419 initially screened citations, 46 full texts were evaluated and six studies enrolling 1161 patients were included. Risk of bias was low for five studies. There was no statistically significant difference in pain intensity scores or pain relief between opioids versus nonopioid analgesics (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.10 to 0.34). Contrary to children, adult patients treated with opioid had better pain relief (SMD 0.28, 95% CI 0.13–0.42) compared to nonopioids. In another sensitivity analysis excluding studies using codeine, opioids were more effective than nonopioids (SMD 0.30, 95% CI 0.15–0.45). However, there were more adverse events associated with opioids (odds ratio 2.64, 95% CI 2.04–3.42).ConclusionsFor ED‐discharged patients with acute musculoskeletal pain, opioids do not seem to be more effective than nonopioid analgesics. However, this absence of efficacy seems to be driven by codeine, as opioids other than codeine are more effective than nonopioids (mostly NSAIDs). Further prospective studies on the efficacy of short‐term opioid use after ED discharge (excluding codeine), measuring patient‐centered outcomes, adverse events, and potential misuse, are needed.
Strange bedfellows: Mammal burrow disturbances may provide thermoregulatory microsites for fossorial reptiles in densely vegetated dunes
Authors: Hodgson Mitchell J. , Ritchie Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBurrow excavation by mammals generates heterogeneity within landscapes. Globally, these disturbances are known to provide significant ecosystem benefits. Most investigations of native Australian burrowing mammal disturbances has focused on the role of burrows in landscape function and interspecific thermal refugia. Herein, we present a novel observation of the fossorial skink Lerista bougainvillii utilizing burrow mounds of the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) for possible thermoregulatory gains. In the early morning, when thermoregulatory opportunities were limited, L. bougainvillii were detected in mounds that appeared hotter than adjoining vegetation. These observations suggest that in densely vegetated habitats thermal heterogeneity caused by mammal burrows may offer important thermoregulatory opportunities for fossorial species with limited climbing capacity.
Survival outcomes of head and neck melanoma patients in Queensland, Australia from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Dwivedi Nikhil , Barsoum Ramez , Moore Julie , Rathbone Evelyne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo compare survival outcomes for patients with cutaneous invasive head and neck melanoma (HNM) with those of patients with melanoma on other anatomical sites.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using patient data extracted from the Cancer Alliance Queensland's Oncology Analysis System (OASYS) over a 10‐year period from 2009 to 2018. Melanoma‐specific survival was compared between patients with HNM and non‐HNM. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were calculated at 5 and 10 years. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis determined factors associated with survival.ResultsThe 5‐ and 10‐year survival probabilities were 90.7% and 89.1%, respectively for HNM, compared with 94.7% and 93.0%, respectively, for non‐HNM melanoma. The 5‐ and 10‐year survival probabilities for scalp melanoma were 77.8% and 75.5%, respectively. Patients with HNM died of melanoma at 1.22 times (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.37) the rate of those with non‐HNM, controlling for sex, age, socioeconomic status, remoteness, Breslow thickness, the presence of multiple invasion melanoma and ulceration. Patients with scalp melanoma died of melanoma at 1.57 times (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.26–1.95) the rate of those with non‐scalp HNM.ConclusionsThere is a statistically significant survival difference between patients with HNM and non‐HNM, and between patients with scalp melanoma and non‐scalp HNM, even after adjusting for prognostic factors.