bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Decomposed Error for Reproducing Implicit Understanding of Algorithms
Authors: Owen Caitlin A. , Dick Grant , Whigham Peter A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Reproducibility is important for having confidence in evolutionary machine learning algorithms. Although the focus of reproducibility is usually to recreate an aggregate prediction error score using fixed random seeds, this is not sufficient. Firstly, multiple runs of an algorithm, without a fixed random seed, should ideally return statistically equivalent results. Secondly, it should be confirmed whether the expected behaviour of an algorithm matches its actual behaviour, in terms of how an algorithm targets a reduction in prediction error. Confirming the behaviour of an algorithm is not possible when using a total error aggregate score. Using an error decomposition framework as a methodology for improving the reproducibility of results in evolutionary computation addresses both of these factors. By estimating decomposed error using multiple runs of an algorithm and multiple training sets, the framework provides a greater degree of certainty about the prediction error. Also, decomposing error into bias, variance due to the algorithm (internal variance), and variance due to the training data (external variance) more fully characterises evolutionary algorithms. This allows the behaviour of an algorithm to be confirmed. Applying the framework to a number of evolutionary algorithms shows that their expected behaviour can be different to their actual behaviour. Identifying a behaviour mismatch is important in terms of understanding how to further refine an algorithm as well as how to effectively apply an algorithm to a problem.
Organizational Aesthetics: On Certain Practices and Genealogies
Authors: Lütticken Sven 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
“Organizational Aesthetics” traces the genealogies of artistic practices engaging socially, politically, and aesthetically with form to enter into fundamental debates about hierarchy, horizontality, and centralization. Against the background of historical conflicts over relational aesthetics and tactical media, the essay problematizes the exclusive focus on physical gatherings as the exclusive site of relationality. Instead, it offers an analysis that revolves around the dialectic of such gatherings and the organizational and technological structures that subtend and transcend them. Spanning the mid-1990s to the present, this account of organizational aesthetics includes critical discussions of artists, activists, theorists, and collectives including BüroBert, Alice Creischer, Andrea Fraser, Jeanne van Heeswijk, Geert Lovink, ruangrupa, and Jonas Staal.
New York Times Interventions
Authors: Schor Mira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Six works from the artist Mira Schor's open-ended series of handwritten defacements of the New York Times— most often of its front page—which she irregularly posts on Instagram. Varying in intensity, all have the same target: the way the language of the paper, aping “objectivity,” often tends toward obfuscation, which the artist regards as a dereliction of duty, a variety of Orwellian doublespeak that is much more subtle than what one might find on Fox News, making the debunking of its rhetoric all the more urgent.
Steinernema bakwenae n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa
Authors: Malan Antoinette P. , Knoetze Rinus , Kapp Caro , Tiedt Louwrens R. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Steinernema bakwenae n. sp. isolate SF857 has been isolated from a soil sample from the North West province of South Africa. The infective juveniles were isolated using Cobb’s decanting and sieving method, hand-picked from the nematode population and inoculated directly onto wax moth larvae. Morphological and molecular characterisation provides evidence for placing the new species in the Khoisanae-clade, adding a fifth member to this all-African clade. The new species is characterised by the following morphological features: third-stage infective juveniles with a body length of 1106 (1013-1233) μm, a distance from the anterior end to the excretory pore of 90 (81-103) μm, and a tail length of 87 (76-103) μm. The first-generation males can be recognised by a spicule length of 80 (66-89) μm and by a gubernaculum length of 51 (44-56) μm. The new species was confirmed by means of crossbreeding and characterised by means of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the partial 28S regions (D2-D3) of the ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit (COI). Phylogenetic analyses show that S. innovationi and S. tophus are the closest relatives to S. bakwenae n. sp. in the Khoisanae-clade.
Ditylenchus rafiqi n. sp. from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) from India with a tabular key for the species known from India
Authors: Vyshali Gandhi , Singh Somvanshi Vishal , Islam Md Niraul , Kundu Artha , Rahaman Khan Matiyar 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Ditylenchus rafiqi n. sp. was recovered from the rhizosphere of pomegranate in New Delhi (India), and it is characterised by morphological, morphometrical and molecular methods. The new species is characterised by having a body length of 553-901 μm, delicate stylet (7-10 μm long), longer conus length (5.0-5.5 μm in females and 4.5-5.5 μm in males) with small round knobs sloping backward, seven lateral lines at the mid-body, median bulb well developed with thickening of lumen walls, a post-uterine sac well developed (27-47 μm), tail long, elongate conoid with an almost round terminus (45-74 μm) and male spicule of 15-17.5 μm, gubernaculum simple, leptoderan type of bursa enveloping the tail almost >50% of its tail length. A detailed study based on morphological and morphometrical methods clearly demarcates that D. rafiqi n. sp. differs from other known species of Ditylenchus. The molecular characterisation was done using D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and ITS rRNA markers. Molecular characterisation shows that the new species is closely related to D. acutus, D. gilanicus (D2-D3 marker), and D. medicaginis (ITS rRNA markers). Based on phylogenetic analyses using D2-D3 of LSU and ITS rRNA markers, D. rafiqi n. sp. forms an intermediate clade between the D. triformis and D. dipsaci groups.
Muscles of the sex organs of Panagrolaimus detritophagus (Chromodorea: Rhabditida: Panagrolaimidae)
Authors: Ryss Alexander Y. , Petrov Anatoly A. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The sex organs are important for nematode systematics, but the associated muscles are rarely used as phylogenetic characters. This research aimed to study the musculature of Panagrolaimus detritophagus, using confocal microscopy. The ring-shaped anal sphincter is pierced by a biconical X-structure and connected by two pairs of processes to the subventral stomato-intestinal muscles and dorsal body wall. The female has two pairs of vaginal dilators that are connected to the proximally invaginated vaginal sphincter and subventral body wall. The anal depressor is a pair of dorsoventral muscles. The male has 7-8 pairs of caudal diagonal muscles located beneath the ventral body wall muscles, followed by five pairs of postcloacal oblique muscles. The paired posterior longitudinal muscles are connected to the cloacal opening and tail tip. The paired anterior retractors of the spicule connect the spicule capitula to the lateral body wall; a pair of spicule-gubernacular protractors runs from spicule capitula to the anterior part of gubernaculum, and paired ventral protractors run from spicule capitula to anterior cloacal lip. Two pairs of gubernaculum erectors are attached to the mid-gubernaculum, and the unpaired gubernaculum protractor extends ventrally to attach to the body wall at the posterior cloacal lip. The sex muscle pattern is of the Rhabditidae-Cephalobidae type with a 15-character code for phylogenetic reconstructions: 63313-22234-42243.
Skepticism, Mental Disorder and Rationality
Authors: Kyriacou Christos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
I stipulate and motivate the overlooked problem of demarcating radical skeptics (perceptual and moral) from mentally disordered persons, given that both deny that they know ordinary Moorean propositions (e.g., that they have hands or that killing for fun is morally wrong). Call this ‘the demarcation problem’. In response to the demarcation problem, I develop a novel way to demarcate between mentally disordered persons and radical skeptics in an extensionally adequate way that saves the appearance that radical skeptics are not mentally disordered persons (at least not typically). Finally, I examine how a Moorean, non-skeptical epistemologist would compare radical skeptics with the mentally disordered in terms of what Plantinga calls internal and external rationality. Perhaps surprisingly, by Moorean lights, the mentally disordered fare better than the radical skeptic in terms of (internal) rationality. The upshot is that for Mooreans skeptical philosophy is more of an epistemic evil than mental disorder.
The Last Years of Polish Jewry
Authors: Leshchinsky Yankev 
Published: March 2023

Ukrainian-born Yankev Leshchinsky (1876–1966) was the leading scholarly and journalistic analyst of Eastern European Jewish socioeconomic and political life from the 1920s to the 1950s. Known as “the dean of Jewish sociologists” and “the father of Jewish demography,” Leshchinsky published a series of insightful and moving essays in Yiddish on Polish Jewry between 1927 and 1937. Despite heightened interest in interwar Jewish communities in Poland in recent years, these essays (like most of Leshchinsky’s works) have never been translated into English.
The Last Years of Polish Jewry helps to rectify this situation by translating some of Leshchinsky’s key essays. A thoughtful Introduction by Robert Brym provides the context of the author’s life and work.
The essays in this volume, based on years of research and first-hand observation, focus on the period 1927–33. The rise of militant Polish nationalism and the ensuing anti-Jewish boycotts and pogroms; the increasing exclusion of Jews from government employment and the universities; the destitution, hunger, suicide, and efforts to emigrate that characterized Jewish life; the psychological toll taken by mass uncertainty and hopelessness—all this falls within the author’s ambit. Few works in English have the range and depth of Leshchinsky’s essays on the last years of the three million Polish Jews who were to perish at the hand of the Nazi regime.
This book will be of interest to researchers and students of Eastern European history and society, especially those with an interest in Eastern Europe’s Jewish communities on the brink of the Holocaust.
9. The destruction of Jewish economic life in Lodz
Authors: Leshchinsky Yankev 
Published: March 2023

Polish Jews are being pushed out of their old professions and prevented from entering new modern ones. In Lodz, the rope around the neck of the Jewish worker is being tightened not just by the government but also by large-scale Jewish manufacturers, some of them devout. Consequently, the city’s Jewish working class quarter has a much higher population density and mortality rate than its non-Jewish working class quarter. Often, entire Jewish working class families live in a single room where they work on one or two handlooms during the day. Others work in handloom mills or small factories with power looms—the first to close in an economic downturn. And while non-Jewish working class women can find jobs in state employment, the state has closed this avenue of employment for Jewish women.
A few signs of change are evident in Lodz and Warsaw. Some Jewish manufacturers are beginning to hire Jewish workers for several reasons: unlike non-Jewish workers, Jewish workers are not antisemites; their revolutionary ardour has weakened given their high level of unemployment; they are willing to work especially hard and long since their wives are not employed; they are willing to work for lower wages; and they are flocking to ORT courses to upgrade their skills. Jewish unions have also played a role in convincing some non-Jewish unions to soften their position on the hiring of Jews. Still, Jews are much more likely than non-Jews to be employed in commerce, Jewish workers are much more likely than their non-Jewish counterparts to be employed in artisanal workshops and small-scale industry, and while the state employs a large number of workers and officials, hardly any of them are Jews.
Joint Collaboration on Comparing NOAA’s Ground-Based Weather Radar and NASA–JAXA’s Spaceborne Radar
Authors: Li Zhi , Wen Yixin , Liao Liang , Wolff David , Meneghini Robert , Schuur Terry 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have a long and successful history of weather radar research. The NOAA ground-based radars—WSR-88D network—provide nationwide precipitation observations and estimates with advanced polarimetric capability. As a counterpart, the NASA–JAXA spaceborne radar—the Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM DPR)—has global coverage and higher vertical resolution than ground-based radars. While significant advances from both NOAA’s WSR-88D network and NASA–JAXA’s spaceborne radar DPR have been made, no systematic comparisons between the WSR-88D network and the DPR have been done. This study for the first time generates nationwide comprehensive comparisons at 136 WSR-88D radar sites from 2014 to 2020. Systematic differences in reflectivity are found, with ground radar reflectivity on average 2.4 dB smaller than that of the DPR (DPR version 6). This research found the discrepancies between WSR-88D and DPR arise from different calibration standards, signal attenuation correction, and differences in the ground and spaceborne scattering volumes. The recently updated DPR version 7 product improves rain detection and attenuation corrections, effectively reducing the overall average WSR-88D and DPR reflectivity differences to 1.0 dB. The goal of this study is to examine the systematic differences of radar reflectivity between the NOAA WSR-88D network and the NASA–JAXA DPR and to draw attention to radar-application users in recognizing their differences. Further investigation into understanding and alleviating the systematic bias between the two platforms is needed.
Utility of ultrasound Angio-PLUS imaging for detecting blood flow in breast masses and comparison with color Doppler for differentiating benign from malignant masses
Authors: Mohindra Namita , Jain Neeraj , Yadav Shubham , Agrawal Vinita , Mishra Prabhakar , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Gaurav 
Published: March 2023

Background Tumor neo-angiogenesis plays an important role in the development and growth of breast cancers, but its detection by imaging is challenging. A novel microvascular imaging (MVI) technique, Angio-PLUS, promises to overcome the limitations of color Doppler (CD) in detecting low-velocity flow and small diameter vessels. Purpose To determine the utility of the Angio-PLUS technique for detecting blood flow in breast masses and compare it with CD for differentiating benign from malignant masses. Material and Methods A total of 79 consecutive women with breast masses were prospectively evaluated using CD and Angio-PLUS techniques, and biopsied as per BI-RADS recommendations. Vascular imaging scores were assigned using three factors (number, morphology, and distribution) and vascular patterns were divided into five groups: internal-dot-spot, external-dot-spot, marginal, radial, and mesh patterns. The independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the two groups as appropriate. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) methods were used to assess diagnostic accuracy. Results Vascular scores were significantly higher on Angio-PLUS than CD (median=11, [IQR=9–13] vs. 5 [IQR=3–9], P < 0.001). Malignant masses had higher vascular scores than benign masses on Angio-PLUS ( P < 0.001). AUC was 80% (95% CI=70.3–89.7; P < 0.001) for Angio-PLUS and 51.9% for CD. Using Angio-PLUS at a cutoff value of ≥9.5, sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 66.7%. Vascular pattern descriptors on AP showed good correlation with histopathological results (PPV mesh 95.5%, radial 96.9%, and NPV of marginal orientation 90.5%). Conclusion Angio-PLUS was more sensitive in detecting vascularity and superior in differentiating benign from malignant masses compared to CD. Vascular pattern descriptors on Angio-PLUS were useful.
Does Notching Along the Nasal Velar Surface During Nasopharyngoscopy Predict Discontinuity of the Underlying Levator Veli Palatini Muscle?
Authors: Perry Jamie L , Kinter Sara , Williams Jessica L. , Snodgrass Taylor D. , Sitzman Thomas J. 
Published: March 2023

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of velar notching seen on nasopharyngoscopy for levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle discontinuity and anterior positioning. Nasopharyngoscopy and MRI of the velopharynx were performed on patients with VPI as part of their routine clinical care. Two speech-language pathologists independently evaluated nasopharyngoscopy studies for the presence or absence of velar notching. MRI was used to evaluate LVP muscle cohesiveness and position relative to the posterior hard palate. To determine the accuracy of velar notching for detecting LVP muscle discontinuity, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated. A craniofacial clinic at a large metropolitan hospital. Participants Thirty-seven patients who presented with hypernasality and/or audible nasal emission on speech evaluation and completed nasopharyngoscopy and velopharyngeal MRI study as part of their preoperative clinical evaluation. Among patients with partial or total LVP dehiscence on MRI, presence of a notch accurately identified discontinuity in the LVP 43% (95% CI 22-66%) of the time. In contrast, the absence of a notch accurately indicated LVP continuity 81% (95% CI 54-96%) of the time. The PPV for the presence of notching to identify a discontinuous LVP was 78% (95% CI 49-91%). The distance from the posterior edge of the hard palate to the LVP, known as effective velar length, was similar in patients with and without notching (median 9.8 mm vs 10.5 mm, P = 1.00). The observation of a velar notch on nasopharyngoscopy is not an accurate predictor of LVP muscle dehiscence or anterior positioning.
Upregulation of Coagulation Factor VIII and Fibrinogen After Pulmonary Endarterectomy in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Myllylahti Lasse , Ropponen Jussi , Lax Mikko , Lassila Riitta , Nykänen Antti I. 
Published: March 2023

Objectives Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is associated with thrombotic states including elevated coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the main treatment for CTEPH, and efficient anticoagulation is essential to prevent thromboembolism recurrence after surgery. We aimed to characterize longitudinal changes in FVIII and other coagulation biomarkers after PEA. Methods Coagulation biomarker levels were measured at baseline and up to 12 months after operation in 17 consecutive patients with PEA. Temporal patterns of coagulation biomarkers, and correlation of FVIII with other coagulation biomarkers, were analyzed. Results Baseline FVIII levels were elevated in 71% of the patients (mean 216 ± 67 IU/dl). FVIII doubled 7 days after PEA, peaking at 471 ± 87 IU/dl, and gradually returned to respective baseline levels within 3 months. Postoperative fibrinogen levels were also elevated. Antithrombin decreased at 1 to 3 days, D-dimer increased at 1 to 4 weeks, and thrombocytosis was observed at 2 weeks. Conclusions FVIII is elevated in most patients with CTEPH. After PEA, early but transient elevation of FVIII and fibrinogen, and delayed reactive thrombocytosis, occurs, and warrants careful postoperative anticoagulation to prevent thromboembolism recurrence.
Burden of Illness Among Patients with Psychosis due to Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Other Dementias
Authors: Frazer Monica , Rashid Nazia , Bunner Scott , Skoog Ben , Abler Victor 
Published: March 2023

Limited research is available on the real-world experiences of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This study evaluated clinical events, healthcare utilization, and healthcare costs of patients with DLB vs other dementia types with psychosis (ODP). Study patients included commercial and Medicare Advantage with Part D enrollees aged ≥40 years with evidence of DLB and ODP from 6/01/2015‒5/31/2019. Compared with patients with ODP, more patients with DLB had clinical events including anticholinergic effects, neurologic effects, and cognitive decline. Patients with DLB used more healthcare resources with greater dementia-related office and outpatient visits and psychosis-related inpatient stays and office, outpatient, and emergency visits compared with their ODP patient counterparts. Patients with DLB also incurred higher healthcare costs for all-cause and dementia-related office visits and pharmacy fills, and psychosis-related total costs. Understanding the clinical and economic impact of DLB and ODP is important to improve care for patients with dementia.
Successful endovascular salvage of a maldeployed iliac limb extension during complex aortic reconstruction
Authors: Gedney Ryan , Tanious Adam , Wooster Mathew 
Published: March 2023

Purpose The worst complication during cannulation of the contralateral gate during complex endovascular aortic repair is deployment of the limb extension behind the main graft body. Case report A patient with a 5.7 cm juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm was taken to the operating room for fenestrated endovascular aortic repair and iliac branch device. Percutaneous femoral access was used to deploy a Gore Iliac Branch Endoprosthesis, followed by a physician modified Cook Alpha thoracic stent graft with four fenestrations. Next a Gore Excluder was deployed to bridge the fenestrated component to the iliac branch and native left common iliac artery creating distal seal. Due to the severe tortuosity, a buddy wire technique, using a stiff lunderquist wire, was used to cannulate the contralateral gate. Unfortunately, after cannulation, the limb was advanced over the buddy lunderquist wire instead of the luminal wire. We used a backtable modified guide catheter to provide the necessary pushability to navigate wires between the aberrantly deployed limb extension and the iliac branch device. Using through-and-through access, we then successfully deployed a parallel flared limb in the correct plane. Conclusion Careful communication, wire marking, and attention to intraoperative flow can minimize risks of complication, but knowledge of bail out techniques remains imperative.