bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building the Worksite Wellness Foundation Infrastructure
Authors: Honn Allison , Okut Hayrettin , Lu Kelsey (Liuqiang) , Bowen Cassidy , Chenault Melinda , Ablah Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Workplace health programs can be ineffective, and changes are likely to be temporary without first establishing a wellness infrastructure. This study sought to determine whether attending a WorkWell KS Building the Worksite Wellness Foundation (Foundation) workshop enabled worksites to develop this infrastructure.

Methods
Survey data were collected from worksites before attending a workshop and approximately 1 year later. Survey items were designed to assess whether the worksite was implementing best practices.

Results
In total, 212 worksites participated in a workshop and completed both a baseline and follow-up assessments. At follow-up, more worksites reported having a wellness committee (89.6% vs 59.7%, P < 0.001) and having wellness committee duties included in position descriptions (26.2% vs 6.4%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study suggests that Foundation workshops can support worksites’ implementation of best practices to establish worksite wellness infrastructure.
Understanding sports injury: A preliminary study
Authors: Pinheiro João P. , Branquinho Lurdes R. , Pinheiro Joana , Ramos Susana 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to identify the awareness of residents from Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics, and General Practice regarding the integration of biomedical and biopsychosocial models in the diagnosis and treatment of sports injuries.

Design:
A prospective, exploratory, preliminary descriptive study conducted with an anonymous online questionnaire.

Results:
Overall, it was attributed greater value to questions related to symptoms and signs. There were no significant differences in the perception of the 8 suggested questions, regarding residents of the 3 specialties mentioned above.

Conclusion:
This study suggests the need to reconsider medical training to be updated and become more centered on biopsychosocial models.
Effect of Truncal-Type Occlusion Based on Multiphase or Single-Phase Computed Tomographic Angiography in Predicting Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis–Related Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Xu Zhi-Jia , Cao Yue-Zhou , Zhao Lin-Bo , Jia Zhen-Yu , Lu Shan-Shan , Xu Xiao-Quan , Shi Hai-Bin , Liu Sheng 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To investigate whether truncal-type occlusion based on multiphase computed tomographic angiography (mpCTA) was more effective for predicting intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis–related occlusion (ICAS-O) than occlusion type based on single-phase computed tomographic angiography (spCTA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from 72 patients with AIS-LVO in the MCA between January 2018 and December 2019. The occlusion types included truncal-type and branching-site occlusions. The association between ICAS-O and occlusion type based on the 2 computed tomographic angiography patterns was analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for assessment. The areas under the curve were compared to determine the difference between the predictive powers of truncal-type occlusion based on mpCTA and spCTA.

Results
Among the 72 patients, 16 were classified as having ICAS-O and 56 as having embolisms. In univariate analysis, truncal-type occlusion was significantly associated with ICAS-O (P < 0.001 for mpCTA and P = 0.001 for spCTA). After multivariable analysis, truncal-type occlusion based on both mpCTA and spCTA remained independently associated with ICAS-O (P = 0.002 for mpCTA and P = 0.029 for spCTA). The areas under the curve were 0.821 for mpCTA and 0.683 for spCTA; this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.024).

Conclusions
In patients with AIS-LVO in the MCA, truncal-type occlusion based on mpCTA enables more accurate detection of ICAS-O than that based on spCTA.
Parkinson's disease – current treatment
Authors: Wang Ryan , Shih Ludy C. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of ReviewThe purpose is to review the results and impact of recent studies for current and future treatment of both motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD).Recent FindingsNew formulations of levodopa further optimize motor fluctuations, allowing for more on-time and less dyskinesia. On demand apomorphine continues to showcase itself as an effective and tolerable tool for treating motor off-periods. Though there are no clear treatment guidelines for PD-related constipation and sleep related disorders, several new agents for these non-motor symptoms show promising preliminary data. Expiratory muscle strength training may represent a useful and cost-effective strategy to alleviate oropharyngeal dysphagia associated with PD. There is evidence to suggest that the use of shorter pulse width and directional deep brain stimulation leads can results in a greater therapeutic window.SummaryThough no interventions currently exist to significantly modify the disease progression of PD, new studies continue to give insight into optimal symptomatic management. Clinicians should be familiar with expanding the repertoire of tools available to treat the diverse range of symptoms and challenges associated with PD.
Atypical forms of Alzheimer's disease: patients not to forget
Authors: Montembeault Maxime , Migliaccio Raffaella 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this paper is to summarize the latest work on neuroimaging in atypical Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and to emphasize innovative aspects in the clinic and research. The paper will mostly cover language (logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia; lvPPA), visual (posterior cortical atrophy; PCA), behavioral (bvAD) and dysexecutive (dAD) variants of AD.

Recent findings
MRI and PET can detect and differentiate typical and atypical AD variants, and novel imaging markers like brain iron deposition, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cortical mean diffusivity, and brain total creatine can also contribute. Together, these approaches have helped to characterize variant-specific distinct imaging profiles. Even within each variant, various subtypes that capture the heterogeneity of cases have been revealed. Finally, in-vivo pathology markers have led to significant advances in the atypical AD neuroimaging field.

Summary
Overall, the recent neuroimaging literature on atypical AD variants contribute to increase knowledge of these lesser-known AD variants and are key to generate atypical variant-specific clinical trial endpoints, which are required for inclusion of these patients in clinical trials assessing treatments. In return, studying these patients can inform the neurobiology of various cognitive functions, such as language, executive, memory, and visuospatial abilities.
Sympathetic Organizations: body, mind, and society in Robert Whytt and David Hume
Authors: Demeter Tamás 
Published: June 2023

This paper argues that Robert Whytt's concepts of ‘particular’ and ‘general sympathy’ in animate bodies are homologous with a less-discussed concept of sympathy in David Hume. There are at least three different concepts of sympathy in Hume's
Treatise of human nature.
Hume is rather critical of alleged sympathies between different bodies, but he elaborates a much-discussed theory of sympathy explaining the interpersonal exchange of sentiments. He invokes a third concept to designate the phenomenon of mutual responsiveness between, and coordination for a common end among, the parts of the mind while suggesting that the mind's unity and identity is of the same kind as the unity of organized living bodies. Without deploying this concept explicitly, he speaks a remarkably identical language while discussing social coordination and convention. This third concept is congruent with the physiological sympathies that Whytt finds in animate bodies. According to the unfolding picture, Whytt and Hume provide conceptually highly integrated accounts of living bodies, minds, and societies inspired by an idea of vital matter.
Research Letter: Therapeutic targets for haemorrhoidal disease: proteome-wide Mendelian randomisation and colocalization analyses
Authors: Li Shifang , Gong Meijiao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman haemorrhoidal disease (HEM) is a common anorectal pathology. However, the etiology of HEM, as well as its molecular mechanism, remains largely unclear. In this study, we applied a two-sample bi-direction Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to estimate the causal effects of 4907 plasma proteins on HEM outcomes and investigated the mediating impacts of plasma proteins on HEM risk factors to uncover potential HEM treatment targets by integrating GWASs statistics of HEM and plasma protein levels. Following MR analysis, our study identified 5 probable causal proteins associated with HEM. ERLEC1 and ASPN levels were genetically predicted to be positively and inversely associated with HEM risk, respectively, with strong evidence of colocalization (H4>0.9). The findings of an independent cohort corroborate the causal relationship between these two proteins and HEM. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of haemorrhoidal tissue and normal specimens revealed that ERLEC1 but not ASPN were differentially expressed. By analyzing single-cell ERLEC1 expression in human rectum tissues, ERLEC1 was found to be highly expressed in transient-amplifying cells. Interestingly, a genetically greater risk of myxoedema was linked to an elevated risk of HEM. However, there was no evidence that dorsalgia, hernia, diverticular disease, and ankylosing spondylitis were causally associated with HEM. Furthermore, no association was found between myxoedema and the genetically predicted ERLEC1 and ASPN levels. Overall, this study identified some causal associations of circulating proteins and risk factors with HEM by integrating the largest-to-date plasma proteome and GWASs of HEM. The findings could provide further insight into understanding biological mechanisms for HEM.
VULNERABLE CAROTID PLAQUE: ROBUSTNESS AND CLASSIFICATION CAPABILITIES OF MRI RADIOMIC FEATURES
Authors: Meddings Zakaria , Rundo Leonardo , Sadat Umar , Zhao Xihai , Teng Zhongzhao , Graves Martin J. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess how radiomic features may be combined with plaque morphological and compositional features identified by multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve upon conventional risk assessment models in determining culprit lesions.MethodsFifty-five patients (mean age: 62.6; 35 males) with bilateral carotid stenosis who experienced transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke were included from the CARE-II multi-centre carotid imaging trial (ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier:NCT02017756). They underwent MRI within 2 weeks of the event. Classification capability in distinguishing culprit lesions was assessed by machine learning. Repeatability and reproducibility of the results were investigated by assessing the robustness of the radiomic features.ResultsRadiomics combined with a relatively conventional plaque morphological and compositional metric-based model provided incremental value over a conventional model alone [area under curve (AUC), 0.819 ± 0.002 vs. 0.689 ± 0.019 respectively, p = 0.014]. The radiomic model alone also provided value over the conventional model [AUC, 0.805 ± 0.003 vs. 0.689 ± 0.019 respectively, p = 0.031]. T2-weighted imaging-based radiomic features had consistently higher robustness and classification capabilities compared with T1-weighted images. Higher-dimensional radiomic features outperformed first-order features. Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Grey Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) and Grey Level Size Zone Matrix (GLSZM) sub-types were particularly useful in identifying textures which could detect vulnerable lesions.ConclusionsThe combination of MRI-based radiomic features and lesion morphological and compositional parameters provided added value to the reference-standard risk assessment for carotid atherosclerosis. This may improve future risk stratification for individuals at risk of major adverse ischemic cerebrovascular events.Clinical RelevanceThe clinical relevance of this work is that it addresses the need for a more comprehensive method of risk assessment for patients at risk of ischemic stroke, beyond conventional stenosis measurement. Radiomics provides a non-invasive means of assessing plaque vulnerability.Key pointsT2-weighted imaging-based radiomic features had consistently higher robustness and classification capabilities compared with T1-weighted images.Higher dimensional radiomic features had better performance than first-order features in identifying textures which could detect vulnerable carotid lesions.Radiomic features combined with MRI plaque features may improve atherosclerotic plaque risk stratification.
Adverse childhood experiences and recent negative events activate immune and growth factor pathways, which are associated with first episode major depression and suicidal behaviours
Authors: Almulla Abbas F. , Algon Ali Abbas Abo , Maes Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Negative Life Events (NLEs) may activate immune-inflammatory pathways, which play a role in the onset of Major Depressive Disorder and its severe phenotype Major Dysmood disorder (MDMD).ObjectivesTo assess if elevated ACEs and NLEs in first episode (FE)-MDMD predict activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS), chemokines, and growth factors that participate in the pathophysiology of MDMD.MethodsThis research assessed the effects of ACEs and NLEs on forty-eight cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, in 71 FE-MDMD patients and forty heathy controls.ResultsACEs are highly significantly associated with the classical M1 macrophage, T helper (Th)-1, Th-1 polarization, IRS, and neurotoxicity immune profiles, and not with the alternative M2, and Th-2 immune profiles. There are highly significant correlations between ACEs and NLEs and different cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, especially with interleukin (IL)-16, CCL27, stem cell growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. Partial Least Squares analysis showed that 62.3% of the variance in the depression phenome (based on severity of depression, anxiety and suicidal behaviors) was explained by the regression on IL-4 (p=0.001, inversely), the sum of ACEs + NLEs (p<0.0001), and a vector extracted from 10 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors (p<0.0001; both positively associated). The latter partially mediated (p<0.0001) the effects of ACE + NLEs on the depression phenome.ConclusionsPart of the effects of ACEs and NLEs on the depression phenome is mediated via activation of immune and growth factor networks. These pathways have a stronger impact in subjects with lowered activities of the compensatory immune-regulatory system.
Managing the Infodemic: Leveraging Deep Learning to Evaluate the Maturity Level of AI-Based COVID-19 Publications for Knowledge Surveillance and Decision Support
Authors: Awasthi Raghav , Nagori Aditya , Mishra Shreya , Mathur Anya , Mathur Piyush , Nasri Bouchra 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 pandemic has taught us many lessons, including the need to manage the exponential growth of knowledge, fast-paced development or modification of existing AI models, limited opportunities to conduct extensive validation studies, the need to understand bias and mitigate it, and lastly, implementation challenges related to AI in healthcare. While the nature of the dynamic pandemic, resource limitations, and evolving pathogens were key to some of the failures of AI to help manage the disease, the infodemic during the pandemic could be a key opportunity that we could manage better. We share our research related to the use of deep learning methods to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate AI-based COVID-19 publications which provides a unique approach to identify “mature” publications using a validated model and how that can be leveraged further by focused human-in-loop analysis. The study utilized research articles in English that were human-based, extracted from PubMed spanning the years 2020 to 2022. The findings highlight notable patterns in publication maturity over the years, with consistent and significant contributions from China and the United States. The analysis also emphasizes the prevalence of image datasets and variations in employed AI model types. To manage an infodemic during a pandemic, we provide a specific knowledge surveillance method to identify key scientific publications in near real-time. We hope this will enable data-driven and evidence-based decisions that clinicians, data scientists, researchers, policymakers, and public health officials need to make with time sensitivity while keeping humans in the loop.
Association of Marital/Partner Status with Hospital Readmission Among Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhu Cenjing , Dreyer Rachel P , Li Fan , Spatz Erica S , Caraballo César , Mahajan Shiwani , Raparelli Valeria , Leifheit Erica C , Lu Yuan , Krumholz Harlan M , Spertus John A , D’Onofrio Gail , Pilote Louise , Lichtman Judith H 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite evidence supporting the benefits of marriage on cardiovascular health, the impact of marital/partner status on the long-term readmission of young acute myocardial infarction (AMI) survivors is less clear. We aimed to examine the association between marital/partner status and 1-year all-cause readmission, and explore sex differences, among young AMI survivors.MethodsData were from the VIRGO study (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients), which enrolled young adults aged 18-55 years with AMI (2008-2012). The primary end point was all-cause readmission within 1 year of hospital discharge, obtained from medical record, patient interviews, and adjudicated by a physician panel. We performed Cox proportional hazards models with sequential adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and psychosocial factors. Sex-marital/partner status interaction was also tested.ResultsOf the 2,979 adults with AMI (2002 women [67.2%]; mean age 48 [interquartile range, 44-52] years), unpartnered individuals were more likely to experience all-cause readmissions compared with married/partnered individuals within the first year after hospital discharge (34.6% versus 27.2%, hazard ratio [HR]=1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.49). The association attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors (adjusted HR, 1.16; 95%CI, 1.01-1.34), and was not significant after further adjusting for clinical factors and psychosocial factors (adjusted HR, 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94-1.28). Sex-marital/partner status interaction was not significant (p=0.69). Sensitivity analysis using data with multiple imputation, and restricting outcomes to cardiac readmission yielded comparable results.ConclusionsIn a cohort of young adults aged 18-55 years, unpartnered status was associated with 1.3-fold increased risk of all-cause readmission within 1 year of AMI discharge. Further adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and psychosocial factors attenuated the association, suggesting that these factors may explain disparities in readmission between married/partnered versus unpartnered young adults. Whereas young women experienced more readmission compared to similar-aged men, the association between marital/partner status and 1-year readmission did not vary by sex.
Fidelity and adherence to a liquefied petroleum gas stove and fuel intervention: the multi-country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial
Authors: Williams Kendra N. , Quinn Ashlinn , North Hayley , Wang Jiantong , Pillarisetti Ajay , Thompson Lisa M. , Díaz-Artiga Anaité , Balakrishnan Kalpana , Thangavel Gurusamy , Rosa Ghislaine , Ndagijimana Florien , Underhill Lindsay J. , Kirby Miles A. , Puzzolo Elisa , Hossen Shakir , Waller Lance A. , Peel Jennifer L. , Rosenthal Joshua P. , Clasen Thomas F. , Harvey Steven A. , Checkley William 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundReducing household air pollution (HAP) to levels associated with health benefits requires nearly exclusive use of clean cooking fuels and abandonment of traditional biomass fuels.MethodsThe Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial randomized 3,195 pregnant women in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda to receive a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove intervention (n=1,590), with controls expected to continue cooking with biomass fuels (n=1,605). We assessed fidelity to intervention implementation and participant adherence to the intervention starting in pregnancy through the infant’s first birthday using fuel delivery and repair records, surveys, observations, and temperature-logging stove use monitors (SUMs).ResultsFidelity and adherence to the HAPIN intervention were high. Median time required to refill LPG cylinders was 1 day (interquartile range 0-2). Although 26% (n=410) of intervention participants reported running out of LPG at some point, the number of times was low (median: 1 day [Q1, Q3: 1, 2]) and mostly limited to the first four months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most repairs were completed on the same day as problems were reported. Traditional stove use was observed in only 3% of observation visits, and 89% of these observations were followed up with behavioral reinforcement. According to SUMs data, intervention households used their traditional stove a median of 0.4% of all monitored days, and 81% used the traditional stove <1 day per month. Traditional stove use was slightly higher post-COVID-19 (detected on a median [Q1, Q3] of 0.0% [0.0%, 3.4%] of days) than pre-COVID-19 (0.0% [0.0%, 1.6%] of days). There was no significant difference in intervention adherence pre– and post-birth.ConclusionFree stoves and an unlimited supply of LPG fuel delivered to participating homes combined with timely repairs, behavioral messaging, and comprehensive stove use monitoring contributed to high intervention fidelity and near-exclusive LPG use within the HAPIN trial.