bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a separator machine for oil palm fruit mesocarp and nut using computer‐aided design and linear finite element analysis
Authors: Wondi Mohd Hafizz , Shamsudin Rosnah , Yunus Robiah , Mohd Basri Mohd Salahuddin , Mohd Ali Maimunah , Haris Nur Izzah Nabilah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study addresses the inefficiencies in the current palm oil milling process, where the coexistence of mesocarp fiber and nut during pressing results in oil loss and nut breakage. To tackle this issue, the research aims to develop a machine that can separate mesocarp fibers from nuts before pressing, enhancing oil extraction and quality. The study involves designing the machine layout, creating schematic drawings, wireframe models, and assessing stress and deformation performance. Solidworks simulation was used to determine stress and deformation points within material properties, dimensions, and applied forces. The maximum stress on the rotating disc was 1.44 MPa, with a total deformation of 9.75 x 10−4 mm. Comparing this to the static component strength against cracking (0.093 MPa) revealed that the disc's material and design can safely with stand loads, preventing deformation during the mesocarp and nut separation process. This innovation promises to increase oil yields and improve oil quality in palm oil milling.Practical applicationsThe separation of mesocarp fiber and nuts using centrifugal force is a feasible method. By removing nuts from the mesh (fiber) prior digestion and oil extraction process, the issue of nut breakage will be completely omitted, and thus the pressure can be further increased to maximize oil yield at the palm oil mill industries. This suggested approach has been demonstrated to produce a large amount of oil with minimal broken kernels. The crude palm oil obtained from this separation process also satisfies industrial standards.
Clinical outcomes and predictors for 30‐day readmissions of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the United States
Authors: Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Pinnam Bhanu Siva Mohan , Chandan Saurabh , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Ali Hassam , Gopakumar Harishankar , Aziz Muhammad , Bapaye Jay , Al‐Haddad Mohammad , Sharma Neil R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesWe aimed to assess 30‐day readmissions of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the United States.MethodsThe National Readmission Database was utilized from 2016 to 2020 to identify 30‐day readmissions of ERCP. Hospitalization characteristics and outcomes were compared between index hospitalizations and readmissions. Predictors of 30‐day readmission and mortality were also identified.ResultsBetween 2016 and 2020, 885 416 index hospitalizations underwent ERCP. Of these, 88 380 (10.15%) were readmitted within 30 days. Compared to index hospitalizations, 30‐day readmissions had higher mean age (63.76 vs 60.8 years, P < 0.001) and proportion of patients with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score ≥3 (48.26% vs 29.91%, P < 0.001). Sepsis was the most common readmission diagnosis. Increasing age, male gender, higher CCI scores, admissions at large metropolitan teaching hospitals, cholecystectomy on index hospitalization, biliary stenting, increasing length of stay (LOS) at index admission, post‐ERCP pancreatitis, post‐ERCP hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal tract perforation were independent predictors of 30‐day readmissions. Furthermore, 30‐day readmissions had higher odds of inpatient mortality (4.42% vs 1.66%, aOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.79–2.01, P < 0.001) compared to index hospitalizations. However, we noted a shorter LOS (5.78 vs 6.22 days, mean difference 1.2, 95% CI: 1.12–1.28, P < 0.001) and lower total hospital charge ($71 076 vs $93 418, mean difference $31 452, 95% CI: 29 835–33 069, P < 0.001) for 30‐day readmissions compared to index hospitalizations. Increasing age, higher CCI scores, increasing LOS, biliary stenting, and post‐ERCP hemorrhage were independent predictors of inpatient mortality for 30‐day readmissions.ConclusionAfter index ERCP, the 30‐day remission rate was 10.15%. Compared to index hospitalizations, 30‐day readmissions had higher odds of inpatient mortality.
Improved health‐related quality of life during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Edfeldt Katarina , Hellman Per , Granberg Dan , Lagergren Pernilla , Thiis‐Evensen Espen , Sundin Anders , Andersson Camilla 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumours (NETs) can arise in different locations in the body, and may give rise to hormonal symptoms, which amongst other factors may affect patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Up to four cycles of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) have been shown effective for symptom alleviation and prolonging progression‐free survival. The aim of this study was to assess the patient's perspective regarding changes in their HRQoL during PRRT. HRQoL was assessed using the questionnaires for cancer in general, EORTC QLQ‐C30, and the gastrointestinal NET‐specifically EORTC QLQ‐GINET21. Patients with NET (n = 204) rated their HRQoL before PRRT cycles one and four. The medical records of patients were reviewed and their HRQoL was compared to a matched reference population (n = 4910). HRQoL was found to improve during PRRT in aspects of global quality of life; role, social, and emotional functioning, and multiple symptom relief. Potential risk groups for worse HRQoL during PRRT were patients with overweight (BMI >25) who completed four cycles of PRRT and older patients (>65 years old). In conclusion, we found that PRRT improves HRQoL in patients with NETs. The results of this study may be used to improve person‐centred care.
Body dysmorphic disorder among Lebanese females: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Berjaoui Aya , Chahine Bahia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health disorder characterized by an excessive preoccupation with perceived flaws or defects in one's appearance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of BDD, identify the predictors of BDD, explore the associations of BDD with social anxiety and social phobia, and examine the effect of social media on BDD.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study that was conducted between January and March 2023, Lebanese adult females completed an online survey that included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, cosmetic interventions, BDD, social media use, and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SISA‐6)/Social Phobia Scale (SPS‐6). The collected information was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at p value <0.05.ResultsA sample of 1048 were eligible for analysis and the mean age was 29.94 ± 10.01 years. It was shown that 141 (13.5%) participants were BDD positive. The results of the multivariable logistic regression showed that only females living in urban areas (aOR = 2.351 [95% CI 1.502–3.680], p < 0.001), unmarried (aOR = 1.672 [95% CI 1.041–2.684], p = 0.033), reporting higher social media use score (aOR = 1.526 (95% CI 1.401–1.661), p < 0.001), and higher SIAS/SPS score (aOR = 1.040 (95% CI 1.022–1.060), p < 0.001) were significantly positively associated with BDD.ConclusionThis study found a high BDD prevalence (13.5%) among Lebanese adult females compared with other regions and was associated with anxiety and increased social media platforms use. This highlights the need for a comprehensive approach in the assessment of BDD, along with preventive measures to address the negative impacts of social media on well‐being and promote healthy body image.
Systematic analysis of proximal midgut‐ and anorectal‐originating contractions in larval zebrafish using event feature detection and supervised machine learning algorithms
Authors: Cassidy Ryan M. , Flores Erika M. , Trinh Nguyen Anh K. , Cheruvu Sai S. , Uribe Rosa A. , Krachler Anne Marie , Odem Max A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundZebrafish larvae are translucent, allowing in vivo analysis of gut development and physiology, including gut motility. While recent progress has been made in measuring gut motility in larvae, challenges remain which can influence results, such as how data are interpreted, opportunities for technical user error, and inconsistencies in methods.MethodsTo overcome these challenges, we noninvasively introduced Nile Red fluorescent dye to fill the intraluminal gut space in zebrafish larvae and collected serial confocal microscopic images of gut fluorescence. We automated the detection of fluorescent‐contrasted contraction events against the median‐subtracted signal and compared it to manually annotated gut contraction events across anatomically defined gut regions. Supervised machine learning (multiple logistic regression) was then used to discriminate between true contraction events and noise. To demonstrate, we analyzed motility in larvae under control and reserpine‐treated conditions. We also used automated event detection analysis to compare unfed and fed larvae.Key ResultsAutomated analysis retained event features for proximal midgut‐originating retrograde and anterograde contractions and anorectal‐originating retrograde contractions. While manual annotation showed reserpine disrupted gut motility, machine learning only achieved equivalent contraction discrimination in controls and failed to accurately identify contractions after reserpine due to insufficient intraluminal fluorescence. Automated analysis also showed feeding had no effect on the frequency of anorectal‐originating contractions.Conclusions & InferencesAutomated event detection analysis rapidly and accurately annotated contraction events, including the previously neglected phenomenon of anorectal contractions. However, challenges remain to discriminate contraction events based on intraluminal fluorescence under treatment conditions that disrupt functional motility.
Sera anti‐neuronal antibodies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and their correlations with clinical profiles
Authors: Fan Wenjuan , Fang Xiucai , Fei Guijun , Li Xiaoqing , Guan Hongzhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmune factors were involved in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of the study was to test anti‐neuronal antibodies in sera of IBS patients and demonstrate their correlations with IBS profiles and psychological disorders.MethodsPatients with IBS met Rome III criteria and excluded organic diseases were enrolled. Controls included healthy subjects (HS), slow transit functional constipation, autoimmune diseases, and so on. Indirect immunofluorescence with monkey cerebellum and small intestine as substrates was used to detect anti‐neuronal antibodies including anti‐cerebral neuronal antibodies (ACNA) and anti‐enteric neuronal antibodies (AENA).ResultsA total of 293 IBS patients, 100 HS and 153 disease controls were included in this study. The ACNA positive rate of IBS patients was significantly higher than HS (14% vs. 6%, p = 0.033). The positive rate of ACNA was significantly lower than AENA (14.0% vs. 76.8%, p = 0.028) in IBS patients. The prevalence of headache and sleeping disorder were higher in ACNA‐positive IBS patients than ACNA‐negative IBS patients (61% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.03; 75.6% vs. 57.1%, p = 0.03, respectively). Among IBS patients, ACNA and AENA were both negative in 21.8% patients, ACNA negative and AENA positive in 64.2% patients, and ACNA and AENA were both positive in 12.6% patients. There were no significant differences of intestinal symptoms among the three groups, while the prevalence of headache (64.9% vs. 37.5% and 44.7%, p = 0.03) and sleeping disorder (78.4% vs. 50.0% and 59.6%, p = 0.02) were higher in patients with both ACNA and AENA positive than patients with both ACNA and AENA negative, patients with ACNA negative and AENA positive. There were no significant differences of the prevalence of depression and anxiety, HAMD, and HAMA scores among the three groups.Conclusions and inferencesAnti‐neuronal antibodies in sera of IBS patients were mainly targeted to enteric neurons and in a small part to cerebral neurons. ACNA were closely related to headache and sleeping disorder but unrelated to intestinal symptoms, depression, or anxiety of IBS patients.
GH3‐mediated auxin inactivation attenuates multiple stages of lateral root development
Authors: Wang Qing , De Gernier Hugues , Duan Xingliang , Xie Yuanming , Geelen Danny , Hayashi Ken‐ishiro , Xuan Wei , Geisler Markus , ten Tusscher Kirsten , Beeckman Tom , Vanneste Steffen 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Lateral root (LR) positioning and development rely on the dynamic interplay between auxin production, transport but also inactivation. Nonetheless, how the latter affects LR organogenesis remains largely uninvestigated.

Here, we systematically analyze the impact of the major auxin inactivation pathway defined by GRETCHEN HAGEN3‐type (GH3) auxin conjugating enzymes and DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION1 (DAO1) in all stages of LR development using reporters, genetics and inhibitors in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Our data demonstrate that the gh3.1/2/3/4/5/6 hextuple (gh3hex) mutants display a higher LR density due to increased LR initiation and faster LR developmental progression, acting epistatically over dao1‐1. Grafting and local inhibitor applications reveal that root and shoot GH3 activities control LR formation. The faster LR development in gh3hex is associated with GH3 expression domains in and around developing LRs. The increase in LR initiation is associated with accelerated auxin response oscillations coinciding with increases in apical meristem size and LR cap cell death rates.

Our research reveals how GH3‐mediated auxin inactivation attenuates LR development. Local GH3 expression in LR primordia attenuates development and emergence, whereas GH3 effects on pre‐initiation stages are indirect, by modulating meristem activities that in turn coordinate root growth with LR spacing.
Blue sky, cold heart: The political cost of environmental regulations
Authors: Yang Wenhui , Zhao Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe economic costs of environmental regulations are well documented, but their political cost is still unclear, especially in cases of substantial pollution reduction. This study presents empirical evidence for the unexpected political costs of China's war on air pollution. Using a clean energy regulation as a case, we demonstrate that it significantly reduces air pollutants over a short period; however, exposure to the regulation erodes local political support and trust in government officials. In addition, we show that stringent environmental regulations significantly reduce local political trust when it entails high policy costs for local residents and had weak policy participation. Our results indicate that stringent regulations may improve environmental quality at the cost of local political legitimacy.
The association between n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes and asthma in US children and adolescents: A cross‐sectional study from NHANES
Authors: Zhang Xiaolan , Han Yujie , Tian Qiaohuan , Du Linjun , Chen Lifang , Zhang Yue , Guo Xuening , Li Xiaoying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is an inflammatory disease. The potential of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to alleviate asthma symptoms through their anti‐inflammatory effects and immune modulation has been explored. However, the precise role of dietary n‐3 PUFAs in childhood and adolescent asthma remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary n‐3 PUFAs intake and asthma in children and adolescents in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of 8543 children and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2020 by adjusting for covariates and using multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline, threshold effects, and subgroup analyses.ResultsAmong 8354 participants, 1456 (16.5%) self‐reported diagnosis of asthma by a healthcare provider. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared with individuals in the lowest n‐3 PUFA consumption group (T1, <26.07 mg/kg/day), the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for asthma was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.6–0.84, p < .001) in the second group (T2, 26.07–48.93 mg/kg/day) and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.47–0.73, p < .001) in the third group (T3, >48.93 mg/kg/day). Furthermore, a nonlinear (L‐shaped) relationship was observed between n‐3 PUFA intake and asthma (p = .009), with subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirming the stability of the results. In the threshold analysis, a critical turning point was observed at approximately 59.0 mg/kg/day (OR = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.977–0.991, p < .001).ConclusionDietary intake of n‐3 PUFAs exhibited an L‐shaped relationship with asthma in children and adolescents in the United States, with a critical turning point observed at approximately 59.0 mg/kg/day.
Maternal hemoglobin and iron status in early pregnancy and risk of respiratory tract infections in childhood: A population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Quezada‐Pinedo Hugo G. , van Meel Evelien R. , Reiss Irwin K. , Jaddoe Vincent , Vermeulen Marijn J. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaternal hemoglobin and iron status measures during pregnancy might affect the developing fetal respiratory system leading to adverse respiratory conditions. Our aim was to assess the associations of maternal hemoglobin and iron status measures during pregnancy with the risk of respiratory tract infections in children until 10 years of age.MethodsIn a population‐based cohort study among 5134 mother–child pairs, maternal hemoglobin and iron status including ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin saturation were measured during early pregnancy. In children, physician‐attended respiratory tract infections from age 6 months until 10 years were assessed by questionnaires. Confounder‐adjusted generalized estimating equation modeling was applied.ResultsAfter taking multiple testing into account, high maternal ferritin concentrations and low maternal transferrin saturation during pregnancy were associated with an overall increased risk of upper, not lower, respiratory tract infections until age 10 years of the child [OR (95% CI: 1.23 (1.10, 1.38) and 1.28 (1.12, 1.47), respectively)]. High maternal transferrin saturation during pregnancy was associated with a decreased and increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections at 1 and 6 years, respectively, [OR (95% CI: 0.60 (0.44, 0.83) and 1.54 (1.17, 2.02))]. Observed associations were suggested to be U‐shaped (p‐values for non‐linearity ≤.001). Maternal hemoglobin and iron status measures during pregnancy were not consistently associated with child's gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections, as proxies for general infection effects.ConclusionHigh maternal ferritin and low transferrin saturation concentrations during early pregnancy were most consistently associated with an overall increased risk of child's upper, not lower, respiratory tract infections.
Sensitisation to peach allergen Pru p 7 is associated with severe clinical symptoms in a Spanish population
Authors: Vílchez‐Sánchez Francisca , Rodríguez‐Pérez Rosa , Gómez‐Traseira Carmen , Dominguez‐Ortega Javier , Hernández‐Rivas Lucía , García Itsaso Losantos , Quirce Santiago , Pedrosa María 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPru p 7 has been reported as a major allergen in peach allergy, associated with severe clinical symptoms and related to IgE sensitisation to cypress pollen. The main objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the frequency of sensitisation to Pru p 7 and its clinical relevance amongst pediatric patients with peach allergy in Madrid (Spain).MethodsPatients with a history of IgE‐mediated symptoms (oral allergy syndrome, urticaria/angioedema, rhinoconjunctivitis/asthma, gastrointestinal symptoms, or anaphylaxis) occurring within 2 h after peach intake or contact were prospectively recruited from February 2020 to September 2021. Skin tests, sIgE by ImmunoCAP® (Pru p 1, Pru p 3, Pru p 4, Pru p 7, and Cupressus arizonica) and oral food challenge (OFC) were performed. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee (PI‐4513).ResultsNinety‐two patients were included (53.3% male); median age, 10 (IQR 6.0–14.75) years. Seventy‐four (80.4%) patients had a reaction after ingestion of fresh peach (25.0% from peel, 23.9% from pulp, and 44.6% from both). Fifteen (16.3%) patients were sensitised to Pru p 7. Upper airway symptoms, anaphylaxis, and grade 2 reactions were statistically more frequent in patients sensitised to Pru p 7. Seven (7.9%) patients presented with exercise as a cofactor, four of whom were sensitised to Pru p 7 (p = .001). Patients sensitised to Pru p 7 were significantly more likely to have a positive OFC result than patients who were not (p = .008). Four patients who reacted to peach at OFC were sensitised to Pru p 7. Specific IgE against Cupressus arizonica pollen was positive in 25 (62.5%) patients.ConclusionsPru p 7 sensitisation was observed in 16.3% of our population and was related to severe reactions, upper airway symptoms, anaphylaxis, and the presence of an eliciting cofactor.
Investigating associations between self‐compassion, self‐criticism and psychotic‐like experiences
Authors: Collman Siobhan , Heriot‐Maitland Charles , Peters Emmanuelle , Mason Oliver 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesDimensional approaches suggest psychotic symptoms exist along a continuum, with psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) being an expression of a non‐clinical psychosis phenotype. Existing research indicates self‐criticism may contribute to symptom maintenance, frequency and distress, whereas self‐compassion may act protectively. Associations between self‐criticism, self‐compassion and PLEs in the general population have received less attention. The present study sought to investigate these associations. It was hypothesised that PLE endorsement would be associated positively with self‐criticism and negatively with self‐compassion.DesignQuantitative cross‐sectional study. Data collected via an online questionnaire.MethodsFive hundred thirty‐one participants completed the Self‐Compassion Scale (Short Form), the Forms of Self‐Criticising/Attacking and Self‐Reassuring Scale and the Transpersonal Experiences Questionnaire. Individuals with a psychosis‐related diagnosis were excluded. The data were analysed using linear regression, accounting for the effects of demographic variables.ResultsSelf‐criticism subtype self‐hatred was associated with PLEs. Subtype self‐inadequacy was not. No association was found between self‐compassion and PLEs. Educational attainment was negatively associated with PLE endorsement.ConclusionsSelf‐criticism, but not self‐compassion, is associated with PLE endorsement, suggesting they are separate factors with different relationships to PLEs. Further research is needed to confirm the direction of the interaction. Either way, psychological interventions (where needed) could target self‐criticism and may be important in assessing psychosis risk.