bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non‐linear non‐intrusive reduced order model of fluid flow by auto‐encoder and self‐attention deep learning methods
Authors: Fu R. , Xiao D. , Navon I.M. , Fang F. , Yang L. , Wang C. , Cheng S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new nonlinear non‐intrusive reduced‐order model (NL‐NIROM) that outperforms traditional proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)‐based reduced order model (ROM). This improvement is achieved through the use of auto‐encoder (AE) and self‐attention based deep learning methods. The novelty of this work is that it uses stacked auto‐encoder (SAE) network to project the original high‐dimensional dynamical systems onto a low dimensional nonlinear subspace and predict fluid dynamics using an self‐attention based deep learning method. This paper introduces a new model reduction neural network architecture for fluid flow problem, as well as, a linear non‐intrusive reduced order model (L‐NIROM) based on POD and self‐attention mechanism. In the NL‐NIROM, the SAE network compresses high‐dimensional physical information into several much smaller sized representations in a reduced latent space. These representations are expressed by a number of codes in the middle layer of SAE neural network. Then, those codes at different time levels are trained to construct a set of hyper‐surfaces using self‐attention based deep learning methods. The inputs of the self‐attention based network are previous time levels' codes and the outputs of the network are current time levels' codes. The codes at current time level are then projected back to the original full space by the decoder layers in the SAE network. The capability of the new model, NL‐NIROM, is demonstrated through two test cases: flow past a cylinder, and a lock exchange. The results show that the NL‐NIROM is more accurate than the popular model reduction method namely POD based L‐NIROM.
Development and preliminary testing of a questionnaire to measure mobile health information‐seeking behaviour in people with cancer
Authors: Zhang Ruolin , Li Shuaini , Hong Meirong , Zhou Yao , Lin Ying , Gao Yating , Hu Wenyi , Ni Xiaosha , Wu Wanying , Lou Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to develop and psychologically test the mobile health information‐seeking behaviour (MHISB) questionnaire in people with cancer.DesignInstrument development.MethodsThe study was conducted in three phases in a southeastern city of China from May 2017 to April 2018. In phase one, an item pool was constructed based on a literature review and semistructured interviews. In phase two, expert evaluation and cognitive interviews were used to evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire. In phase three, a cross‐sectional study was conducted with people with cancer. Cronbach's α was calculated for reliability analysis. Validity evaluation included content validity and construct validity.ResultsThe developed MHISB questionnaire has four dimensions (information‐seeking frequency, information‐seeking self‐efficacy, health information evaluation and information‐seeking willingness) and 25 items. Psychometric findings were satisfactory and supported the questionnaire's reliability.ConclusionsThe construction process of the MHISB questionnaire was scientific and feasible. The MHISB questionnaire had acceptable validity and reliability, and it requires further improvement in future studies.
Process optimization of nanosecond pulsed packed‐bed discharge plasma for SF6 degradation based on response surface methodology
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhou Youchi , Peng Bangfa , Li Jie , Lu Na , Shang Kefeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, a nanosecond pulsed packed‐bed discharge (PBD) plasma was developed for SF6 degradation under different dilution gases. The discharge form transfers from filamentary discharge to the combination of surface discharge and microdischarge after introducing the packing material regardless of the dilution gas used, and the local electric field strength and SF6 degradation performance are promoted. The mean electron energy and rate coefficient for SF6 excitation in SF6/Ar system are significantly higher than those in SF6/N2 or SF6/air system, which results in higher SF6 degradation efficiency in SF6/Ar system. Moreover, the response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design model was constructed to optimize several key process parameters including pulsed voltage, gas flow rate, oxygen content, and relative humidity, as well as assess the contribution of each parameter to SF6 degradation. The proposed optimization model shows a satisfactory correlation between the predicted and the experimental results. The energy yield concerning SF6 degradation in nanosecond pulsed PBD plasma achieves approximately 75.3 g/kWh with nearly complete degradation. This work is expected to provide an efficient and energy‐saving plasma technique for SF6 degradation.
Effective inactivation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. in high‐frequency driven electrosurgery
Authors: Jiang Fei , Chen Chao , Xing Duo , Sun Yuan , Liu Weifeng , Liu Dongping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWound infection must be avoided in high‐frequency (HF) driven electrosurgery. In this study, the plasma treatment of bacterial solution is characterized by means of voltage‐current measurements, chemical activity analysis, microphotography, and numerical simulation. Here, we have found that the plasma‐activated physiological saline in HF‐driven electrosurgery is very effective in the inactivation of main human pathogenic bacteria. Our analysis shows that the effective inactivation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. in the HF‐driven electrosurgery is due to the generation of hypochlorous acid (HClO) by the electrolysis of saline solution in the electrosurgery. The simulation indicates the very effective inactivation of human pathogenic bacteria by HClO in HF‐driven electrosurgery.
Inhibitor and Activator: Dual Role of Subsurface Sulfide Enables Selective and Efficient Electro‐Oxidation of Methanol to Formate on CuS@CuO Core‐Shell Nanosheet Arrays
Authors: Khan Mustafa , Abdullah Muhammad Imran , Samad Abdus , Shao Zhiang , Mushiana Talifhani , Akhtar Asma , Hameed Asima , Zhang Ning , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Ma Mingming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelective electro‐oxidation of aliphatic alcohols into value‐added carboxylates at lower potentials than that of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an environmentally and economically desirable anode reaction for clean energy storage and conversion technologies. However, it is challenging to achieve both high selectivity and high activity of the catalysts for the electro‐oxidation of alcohols, such as the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Herein, a monolithic CuS@CuO/copper‐foam electrode for the MOR with superior catalytic activity and almost 100% selectivity for formate is reported. In the core‐shell CuS@CuO nanosheet arrays, the surface CuO directly catalyzes MOR, while the subsurface sulfide not only serves as an inhibitor to attenuate the oxidative power of the surface CuO to achieve selective oxidation of methanol to formate and prevent over‐oxidation of formate to CO2 but also serves as an activator to form more surface O defects as active sites and enhances the methanol adsorption and charge transfer to achieve superior catalytic activity. CuS@CuO/copper‐foam electrodes can be prepared on a large scale by electro‐oxidation of copper‐foam at ambient conditions and can be readily utilized in clean energy technologies.
Carrier Modulation in 2D Transistors by Inserting Interfacial Dielectric Layer for Area‐Efficient Computation
Authors: Bian Zheng , Miao Jialei , Zhang Tianjiao , Chen Haohan , Zhu Qinghai , Chai Jian , Tian Feng , Wu Shaoxiong , Xu Yang , Yu Bin , Chai Yang , Zhao Yuda 
Published: April 2023

Abstract2D materials with atomic thickness display strong gate controllability and emerge as promising materials to build area‐efficient electronic circuits. However, achieving the effective and nondestructive modulation of carrier density/type in 2D materials is still challenging because the introduction of dopants will greatly degrade the carrier transport via Coulomb scattering. Here, a strategy to control the polarity of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) field‐effect transistors (FETs) via introducing hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) as the interfacial dielectric layer is devised. By modulating the h‐BN thickness, the carrier type of WSe2 FETs has been switched from hole to electron. The ultrathin body of WSe2, combined with the effective polarity control, together contribute to the versatile single‐transistor logic gates, including NOR, AND, and XNOR gates, and the operation of only two transistors as a half adder in logic circuits. Compared with the use of 12 transistors based on static Si CMOS technology, the transistor number of the half adder is reduced by 83.3%. The unique carrier modulation approach has general applicability toward 2D logic gates and circuits for the improvement of area efficiency in logic computation.
Interfacial Engineering of CoN/Co3O4 Heterostructured Hollow Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐Doped Carbon Nanowires as a Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Liquid and Flexible all‐Solid‐State Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhou Qixing , Zhang Sike , Zhou Guangyao , Pang Huan , Zhang Mingyi , Xu Lin , Sun Kang , Tang Yawen , Huang Kai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe design of economical, efficient, and robust bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is greatly imperative for the large‐scale commercialization of rechargeable Zn‐air battery (ZAB) technology. Herein, the neoteric design of an advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst composed of CoN/Co3O4 heterojunction hollow nanoparticles in situ encapsulated in porous N‐doped carbon nanowires (denoted as CoN/Co3O4 HNPs@NCNWs hereafter) is reported. The simultaneous implementation of interfacial engineering, nanoscale hollowing design, and carbon‐support hybridization renders the synthesized CoN/Co3O4 HNPs@NCNWs with modified electronic structure, improved electric conductivity, enriched active sites, and shortened electron/reactant transport pathways. Density functional theory computations further demonstrate that the construction of a CoN/Co3O4 heterojunction can optimize the reaction pathways and reduce the overall reaction barriers. Thanks to the composition and architectural superiorities, the CoN/Co3O4 HNPs@NCNWs exhibit distinguished oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction performance with a low reversible overpotential of 0.725 V and outstanding stability in KOH medium. More encouragingly, the homemade rechargeable liquid and flexible all‐solid‐state ZABs utilizing CoN/Co3O4 HNPs@NCNWs as the air‐cathode deliver higher peak power densities, larger specific capacities, and robust cycling stability, exceeding the commercial Pt/C + RuO2 benchmark counterparts. The concept of heterostructure‐induced electronic modification herein may shed light on the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for sustainable energy applications.
Mo2N–ZrO2 Heterostructure Engineering in Freestanding Carbon Nanofibers for Upgrading Cycling Stability and Energy Efficiency of Li–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Cheng Zhibin , Wu Ziyuan , Chen Jiazhen , Fang Yanlong , Lin Si , Zhang Jindan , Xiang Shengchang , Zhou Yao , Zhang Zhangjing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLi–CO2 batteries have attracted considerable attention for their advantages of CO2 fixation and high energy density. However, the sluggish dynamics of CO2 reduction/evolution reactions restrict the practical application of Li–CO2 batteries. Herein, a dual‐functional Mo2N–ZrO2 heterostructure engineering in conductive freestanding carbon nanofibers (Mo2N–ZrO2@NCNF) is reported. The integration of Mo2N–ZrO2 heterostructure in porous carbons provides the opportunity to simultaneously accelerate electron transport, boost CO2 conversion, and stabilize intermediate discharge product Li2C2O4. Benefiting from the synchronous advantages, the Mo2N–ZrO2@NCNF catalyst endows the Li–CO2 batteries with excellent cycle stability, good rate capability, and high energy efficiency even under high current densities. The designed cathodes exhibit an ultrahigh energy efficiency of 89.8% and a low charging voltage below 3.3 V with a potential gap of 0.32 V. Remarkably, stable operation over 400 cycles can be achieved even at high current densities of 50 µA cm−2. This work provides valuable guidance for developing multifunctional heterostructured catalysts to upgrade longevity and energy efficiency of Li–CO2 batteries.
Introduction
Authors: Meier Henri B. , Marthinsen John E. , Gantenbein Pascal A. , Weber Samuel S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSwitzerland was once one of the poorest countries in Europe because it had generally infertile agricultural land and neither mineral resources nor access to the sea. It was only during the first decade of the twentieth century that Switzerland founded its central bank and created the Swiss franc. Switzerland’s stable monetary environment, functioning financial system, and an economy unharmed by wars allowed it to become one of the world’s wealthiest and most prosperous countries. Significant legislative, regulatory, and operational improvements aided the transformation. Unfortunately, this increasing strength encouraged certain Swiss banks’ adoption of Wall Street’s casino mentality, resulting in substantial Swiss bank losses. A wave of new regulations ensued, sacrificing financial freedoms that were once hallmarks of Switzerland’s financial, social, and economic systems.
Swiss Derivative Markets
Authors: Meier Henri B. , Marthinsen John E. , Gantenbein Pascal A. , Weber Samuel S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVolatility is the mother of derivatives, but there is debate about whether speculation or hedging is the legitimate father. A virtual explosion of derivative activity has occurred during the past 50 years, as prices have become more volatile, contributing to a growing demand for hedging and the possibility of earning speculative profits. Derivatives are central to today’s financial markets and have grown to eclipse, in notional value, both the international equity and bond markets. Switzerland’s financial sector has actively participated in developing this global market. The key to success has been an ability to offer valued products at competitive prices with highly efficient processes, combined with trusted commitments to protect client confidentiality and assurances of liquidity and solvency, especially during stressful financial periods.
The Swiss Banking System
Authors: Meier Henri B. , Marthinsen John E. , Gantenbein Pascal A. , Weber Samuel S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHistorically, Swiss banks developed mainly to export domestic savings and act as financial turntables for foreign capital inflows. The first banking law to provide federal supervision of domestic banks was the Swiss Federal Act on Banks and Savings Banks (1934). Switzerland built its financial sector on the belief that self-regulation is the most effective way to manage financial entities. Nevertheless, federal supervision has become tighter in the twentieth century, turning Switzerland’s financial system into one of the world’s most closely regulated. Among the formidable challenges facing Switzerland’s banking system are increasing digitalization, gaining access to foreign financial markets, engaging in sustainable finance, changing anti-competitive tax rules, dealing with volatile interest rates, managing systemically important financial institutions, and protecting the financial system from paradigm-changing events.
Statistically Consistent Rooting of Species Trees Under the Multispecies Coalescent Model
Authors: Tabatabaee Yasamin , Roch Sébastien , Warnow Tandy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRooted species trees are used in several downstream applications of phylogenetics. Most species tree estimation methods produce unrooted trees and additional methods are then used to root these unrooted trees. Recently, Quintet Rooting (QR) (Tabatabaee et al., ISMB and Bioinformatics 2022), a polynomial-time method for rooting an unrooted species tree given unrooted gene trees under the multispecies coalescent, was introduced. QR, which is based on a proof of identifiability of rooted 5-taxon trees in the presence of incomplete lineage sorting, was shown to have good accuracy, improving over other methods for rooting species trees when incomplete lineage sorting was the only cause of gene tree discordance, except when gene tree estimation error was very high. However, the statistical consistency of QR was left as an open question. Here, we present QR-STAR, a polynomial-time variant of QR that has an additional step for determining the rooted shape of each quintet tree. We prove that QR-STAR is statistically consistent under the multispecies coalescent model, and our simulation study shows that QR-STAR matches or improves on the accuracy of QR. QR-STAR is available in open source form at https://github.com/ytabatabaee/Quintet-Rooting.
Material und Werk im Urheberrecht
Authors: Ortland Eberhard 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungAnhand der Unterscheidung zwischen Material und Werk untersucht der Beitrag, wie das Urheberrecht Texte und Gestaltungsleistungen vergegenständlicht. Der Materialbegriff wird im Urheberrecht einerseits als Residualkategorie für all das verwendet, was gerade nicht als urheberrechtlich geschütztes Werk angesprochen werden soll, andererseits als übergreifende Kategorie, die Werke und Nicht-Werkhaftes gleichermaßen anspricht. Er findet darüber hinaus auch als abstrakte Kategorie für ‚urheberrechtlich geschütztes Material‘ ungeachtet aller Unterschiede zwischen Text, Bild, Tonaufnahme usw. Verwendung. Die rechtliche Vergegen-ständlichung von Literatur setzt insbesondere bei der Nutzung von Teilen urheber-rechtlich geschützter Werke als Material zur Schaffung neuer Werke ein. Zur Regelung der Konflikte zwischen den Interessen der Urheber geschützter Werke, die als Material oder Vorlage für fremdes Werkschaffen genutzt werden, und den Interessen derjenigen, die an der Möglichkeit der Entstehung neuer, auch referenzieller Werke interessiert sind, enthält das Urheberrecht Bestimmungen über die zustimmungsbedürftige Bearbeitung und gesetzliche Erlaubnisse u.a. für Zitate sowie Karikatur, Parodie und Pastiche.
Ver-Gegenständlichung. Zum Kunstbegriff des Grundgesetzes
Authors: Augsberg Ino 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungUm die Kunstfreiheit angemessen zu schützen und zu bewahren, müssen die rechtsanwendenden Institutionen wissen, was ‚Kunst‘ ist. Zugleich dürfen sie diese Bestimmung aber nicht selbst vornehmen. Sie müssen sie sich vielmehr von dem, was geschützt werden soll, vorgeben lassen. Diese Doppelbewegung benennt den Prozess der rechtlichen Ver-Gegenständlichung der Kunst: Entscheidender Teil der so vorgenommenen Bestimmung ist, dass das zu Bestimmende sich seiner Bestimmung immer schon entzogen hat und weiter entzieht.
Mapping Plant Microclimates on Building Envelope Using Environmental Analysis Tools
Authors: Zimbarg Ana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Can we build our cities not only for humans but also for all living systems? How can we consider other species occupants of the built environment? Planning cities as an element of the natural domain can reshape our relationship with nature and help redefine sustainability in architecture. Although current design strategies of reducing energy use does not rectify past/continuing im-balances in the natural environment. Landscape architect John Tillman Lyle expanded the regenerative design concept based on a range of ecological concepts. The environment's complexity, and the urge to use resources smartly, encouraged him to think about architecture and the environment as a whole system. John Lyle's regenerative design strategies scaffold a conceptual framework of treating the building as part of the landscape. Environmental tools such as Ladybug can map out the different conditions surrounding the building's envelope. This information can assist in selecting and populating a building façade with suitable plant species. The framework presents the building as a feature in the landscape, creating microclimatic conditions for various plant habitats. This conceptual workflow has the potential to become a tool to include regenerative principles in the urban context.
A Virtual Reality-Based Tool with Human Behavior Measurement and Analysis for Feedback Design of the Indoor Light Environment
Authors: Li Yunqin , Yabuki Nobuyoshi , Fukuda Tomohiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Human behavior data provides essential feedback information for architects to improve a human-centered indoor light environment design. However, architects have difficulty capturing the complex, multidimensional, and unpredictable behavior of humans, often struggle to get users’ feedback on time in the schematic phase. This paper proposes a new virtual reality-based behavioral measurement and assessment tool that quantitatively collects and analyzes individual behavioral data, including travel trajectory, travel time, and gaze points, to reveal user experience and interaction of light, aiming to better help architects get timely feedback from users and create human-centered indoor light environment designs in the scheme optimization phase. To showcase this tool, we utilize an exhibition hall of a museum design as an illustrative example. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed tool, and its results suggest that different lighting schemes influence human behavior patterns and that the introduction of natural light usually stimulates more movement. The developed virtual reality tool prototype provides valuable visual information and statistics for analyzing human behavior and evaluating indoor light environment design schemes.
Artificial Intelligence Prediction of Urban Spatial Risk Factors from an Epidemic Perspective
Authors: Zhang Yecheng , Zhang Qimin , Zhao Yuxuan , Deng Yunjie , Liu Feiyang , Zheng Hao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
From the epidemiological perspective, previous research methods of COVID-19 are generally based on classical statistical analysis. As a result, spatial information is often not used effectively. This paper uses image-based neural networks to explore the relationship between urban spatial risk and the distribution of infected populations, and the design of urban facilities. We take the Spatio-temporal data of people infected with new coronary pneumonia before February 28 in Wuhan in 2020 as the research object. We use kriging spatial interpolation technology and core density estimation technology to establish the epidemic heat distribution on fine grid units. We further examine the distribution of nine main spatial risk factors, including agencies, hospitals, park squares, sports fields, banks, hotels, Etc., which are tested for the significant positive correlation with the heat distribution of the epidemic. The weights of the spatial risk factors are used for training Generative Adversarial Network models, which predict the heat distribution of the outbreak in a given area. According to the trained model, optimizing the relevant environment design in urban areas to control risk factors effectively prevents and manages the epidemic from dispersing. The input image of the machine learning model is a city plan converted by public infrastructures, and the output image is a map of urban spatial risk factors in the given area.