bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limit computability and ultrafilters
Authors: Andrews Uri , Cai Mingzhong , Diamondstone David , Schweber Noah 
Published: June 2023

We study a class of operators on Turing degrees arising naturally from ultrafilters. Suppose [Formula: see text] is a nonprincipal ultrafilter on ω. We can then view a sequence of sets [Formula: see text] as an “approximation” of a set B produced by amalgamating the [Formula: see text] via [Formula: see text]: we set [Formula: see text]. This can be extended to the Turing degrees, by defining [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] – which we call “ultrafilter jumps” – resemble classical limit computability in certain ways. In particular, [Formula: see text] is always a Turing ideal containing [Formula: see text]. However, they are also closely tied to Scott sets: [Formula: see text] is always a Scott set containing [Formula: see text]. (This yields an alternate proof of the standard result in reverse mathematics that Weak Konig’s Lemma is strictly weaker than arithmetic comprehension.) Our main result is that the converse also holds: if [Formula: see text] is a countable Scott set containing [Formula: see text], then there is some ultrafilter [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. We then turn to the problem of controlling the action of an ultrafilter jump [Formula: see text] on two degrees simultaneously, and for example show that there are nontrivial degrees which are “low” for some ultrafilter jump. Finally, we study the structure on the set of ultrafilters arising from the construction [Formula: see text]; in particular, we introduce a natural preordering on this set and show that it is connected with the classical Rudin–Keisler ordering of ultrafilters. We end by presenting two directions for further research.
Macular Pigment, Cognition, and Visual Function in Younger Healthy Adults in Ghana
Authors: Akuffo Kwadwo Owusu , Wooten Billy R. , Ofori-Asare Wendy , Osei Duah Junior Isaiah , Kumah David Ben , Awuni Moses , Obiri-Yeboah Stephannie Rhoda , Horthman Stacy Ewurama , Addo Emmanuel Kofi , Acquah Eldrick Adu , Boateng Bridget Senya , Johnson Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) remains an indispensable biomarker to measure fruit and vegetable intake, with a biologically plausible correlation to vision and cognition. However, evidence in the sub-Saharan regions, including Ghana, is lacking. Objective: This study explored dietary carotenoid intake on MPOD and its influence on cognitive and visual function in a healthy Ghanaian sample. Methods: The MPOD of 301 healthy subjects (aged 21.1±1.9 years) was evaluated using the customized Macular DensitometerTM. A battery of cognitive tests and standard vision assessments were employed to assess cognition and visual function, respectively. Dietary lutein and zeaxanthin (L and Z) were estimated based on a twenty-four-hour repeated dietary recall. Results: The mean MPOD at 0.5° and 1.0° eccentricities were 0.37±0.16 and 0.34±0.15 optical density units, respectively. Dietary intake of L (4.06±10.54 mg/day) was considerably higher than Z (0.33±2.25 mg/day), with cumulative L+Z estimated at 4.39±11.58 mg/day. MPOD was not significantly influenced by demographic, dietary, and visual measures ( p≥0.05). However, after statistical adjustment, we found a small but statistically significant positive relationship between F-A-S phonemic verbal fluency (Unstandardized co-efficient (β) = 0.002, p = 0.016) and the never consumed alcohol category (β= 0.062, p = 0.02) with MPOD. Conclusion: The findings in this population showed significant positive relationships between measures of cognition and no alcohol intake, with MPOD. These findings necessitate dietary education to augment carotenoid intake and limit alcohol intake for better cognitive functioning.
Mobility following femoral neck fracture surgery: Does surgical treatment affect outcome?
Authors: McShane Sarah , McCabe Elaine , French Helen , Hand Eilis , Gilsenan Deirdre , Hynes Orlagh , Bisseru Abishekar , Glynn Aaron 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures are a life changing injury for many; often patients sustaining a hip fracture do not regain their pre-injury function. Early rehabilitation improves patient outcomes (e.g. Mobility, independence & function). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with hip fracture progressed differently depending on their surgery type, specifically whether arthroplasty or internal fixation (IF) was employed as part of the surgical management. METHODS: A prospective audit was completed on hip fracture patients presenting to our unit between October 2019 and October 2020 who received surgical intervention for their fracture. The audit collected data on patient outcomes, specifically Timed Up and Go scores (TUG), Discharge destination and Cumulative Ambulatory Scores. The study group comprised 89 patients with femoral neck fractures (60 females, 29 males). The average age was 77 (range 50–96) years. Sixty-nine patients were managed with an arthroplasty, 20 patients were managed with IF. RESULTS: Results from this audit highlighted that at discharge, TUG scores had improved in both groups with the arthroplasty group completing their TUG in a mean of 46 seconds (median 39 seconds) and the IF group in a mean of 55.7 seconds (median 46 seconds). Eleven (55%) of the patients treated with IF were discharged home directly, while 26 (38%) of the patients treated with an arthroplasty were discharged home directly. Hip fracture patients treated with arthroplasty had lower functional ability on day one post-operatively based on the CAS. Patients treated with arthroplasty showed greater improvement in function and mobility at the time of discharge when compared to the IF group. A greater proportion of the IF group were discharged directly home (55% vs 38%) and able to receive any ongoing rehabilitation as an outpatient while a greater portion of the arthroplasty group required further inpatient rehabilitation (35% vs 48%). CONCLUSION: This audit indicated that irrespective of surgical intervention (Arthroplasty or IR) there is little difference in patient outcomes in the post-operative period.
An examination of the operative and post-operative management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis in Ireland
Authors: Carr Emma , Spirtos Michelle 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: The trapeziometacarpal or first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is the second most common joint affected in osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand. Surgical intervention may be required when conservative measures fail to alleviate symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate operative and post-operative management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis in Ireland. METHODS: An on-line Qualtrics survey was used to determine practice patterns of hand surgeons and therapists including surgical technique, patterns of referral to therapy, treatment protocol and perceived pain impact. RESULTS: Twenty surgeon’s responses were received. Trapeziectomy with Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition (LRTI) was the most common procedure for all stages of arthritis for sedentary and manual patients. Sixty seven percent ( n = 18) stated they perform an additional procedure if stage IV arthritis is present. Eighty percent ( n = 16) stated they would perform an additional procedure for MCP joint hyperextension. There were 28 therapist responses. Almost all respondents indicated that patients are initially casted post-surgery with 88% ( n = 24) indicating they remain casted for 1-2 weeks. A rigid long thumb spica and neoprene splint are most commonly used. The commencement of exercises differed between respondents and surgical procedures. All participants stated that pain is an issue in the rehabilitation of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: There was consistency in the surgical procedure choice. The stage of arthritis and functional level of the patient was not found to be an important factor for choosing this procedure. There is some consensus for post-operative casting and splinting but more variability in terms of exercise prescription. Pain is a factor to consider post-operatively.
Tinjauan Hukum Tentang Gugatan Sederhana Dalam Proses Penyelesaian Perkara Wanprestasi Atas Perjanjian Arisan Online Pada Putusan Nomor 1/Pdt.G.S/2021/PN Trt
Authors: Nurhadi Ahmad Juang  
Published: June 2023

Gugatan sederhana yang dilegitimasi sejak berlakunya Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (Perma) Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Gugatan Sedehana beserta perubahannya yang diatur di dalam Perma Nomor 4 Tahun 2019, adalah proses penyelesaian perkara wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum dengan nilai gugat materiil maksimal Rp500.000.000 yang diselesaikan dengan mekanisme persidangan dan pembuktian yang sederhana dalam jangka waktu maksimal 25 hari kerja sejak hari sidang pertama. Sistem yang tergolong baru dikenal dan diberlakukan ini masih menuai beberapa komentar seperti halnya terkait bentuk peraturan, kurangnya penjelasan, hingga tidak adanya pengaturan yang tegas tentunya dapat menjadi celah hukum. Salah satu perkara yang diadili dengan proses gugatan sederhana adalah wanprestasi atas perjanjian arisan online pada Putusan Nomor 1/Pdt.G.S/2021/PN Trt. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana proses penyelesaian perkara wanprestasi melalui gugatan sederhana, kesesuaian putusan dengan hukum acara gugatan sederhana, serta bagaimana akibat hukum putusan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Didukung dengan alat dan teknik pengumpul data berupa wawancara informan yaitu Hakim dan Panitera Pengadilan Negeri Medan guna memperkuat data penelitian. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan tidak semua perkara perdata dapat diselesaikan melalui gugatan sederhana, melainkan hanya perkara yang termasuk ruang lingkup gugatan sederhana sebagaimana diatur salam Pasal 3 dan 4 Perma Gugatan Sederhana yang didasarkan pada pemeriksaan pendahuluan. Adapun proses penyelesaian perkara gugatan sederhana pada Putusan Nomor 1/Pdt.G.S/2021/PN Trt dinilai telah sesuai dengan hukum acara gugatan sederhana dan putusan tersebut menimbulkan akibat hukum yaitu Tergugat selaku owner arisan wajib untuk memenuhi prestasinya berupa pembayaran uang arisan online.
COMPARISON OF BASIL LEAF EVECTIVITY WITH CUCUMBER ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSION AT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH KOTA BOGOR CITY IN 2022
Authors: Carolin Bunga Tiara , Salsabila Shafa , Silawati Vivi 
Published: June 2023

elderly. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2018 hypertension in the elderly was 55.2%. One alternative treatment is using basil leaves (Ocimum Basilicum) and cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L). Objective: to determine the comparison of the effectiveness of basil leaves with cucumber on blood pressure in elderly hypertension. Methodology: Research using quasi-experiment with two groups pretest and posttest. Sampling using non probability sampling technique as many as 40 respondents and simple random sampling technique to determine both groups. The analysis used paired t test and independent t test: Average systolic and diastolic blood pressure pretest 147.50 / 94 mmHg and on cucumber 154.90 / 94.00 mmHg. In the posttest, it decreased in basil leaves 134.15/83.60 and cucumberp135.25 / 82.25. Obtained p-value of systolic blood pressure 0,86> ? (0.05) and r-value of diastolic blood pressure 0,49. The results of the independent t test showed no significant difference in the mean blood pressure in the intervention group given both basil and cucumber leaves. Conclusion: Cucumber jelly is more effective for reducing blood pressure for people with hypertension. Suggestion: This study is expected that patients who experience hypertension can consume cucumber jelly as an additional therapy for hypertension and it is hoped that the results of the study can be useful in dealing with high blood pressure in the elderly.
KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN DAN PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN PADA ANAK
Authors: Halid Musparlin , Pauzan  , Beny Binarto Budi Susilo  , Rizal Pratama Adi Putra  , Uswatun Hasanah  , Yan Reiza Permana  , Alfisahrin  , Hardani  , Adriyan Suhada  , Wulan Ratia Ratulangi  
Published: June 2023

Di SMP Islam Iwan Bongkol Kopang adalah sering terdapat siswa- siswi yang menderita diare, kemudian lokasi sekolah yang tidak bersih, kurangnya perhatian siswa-siswi terhadap kebersihan, siswa-siswi belum pernah mendapatkan penyuluhan tentang PHBS dan pemeriksaan kesehatan. pemeriksaan golongan darah menggunakan kartu pemeriksaan golongan darah. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada November sampai dengan Desember 2022 di SMP Islam Iwan Bongkol Kopang yang diadakan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram. Siswa-siswi yang mengikuti kegiatan ini sebanyak 35 orang. Pemeriksaan golongan darah ABO dilakukan untuk menentukan jenis golongan darah pada manusia. Penentuan golongan darah ABO pada umumnya dengan menggunakan metode Slide. Metode ini didasarkan pada prinsip reaksi antara aglutinogen (antigen) pada permukaan eritrosit dengan aglutinin yang terdapat dalam serum/plasma yang membentuk aglutinasi atau gumpalan
Enhanced nitrogen removal via Yarrowia lipolytica-mediated nitrogen and related metabolism of Chlorella pyrenoidosa from wastewater
Authors: Zhong Yuming , Lin Danni , Li Sufen , Wang Qin , Liu Hui , Ma Lukai , Liu Huifan 
Published: June 2023

We investigated the optimum co-culture ratio with the highest biological nitrogen removal rate, revealing that chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen (TN), and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) removal was increased in the Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Yarrowia lipolytica co-culture system at a 3:1 ratio. Compared with the control, TN and NH3-N content in the co-incubated system was decreased within 2–6 days. We investigated mRNA/microRNA (miRNA) expression in the C. pyrenoidosa and Y. lipolytica co-culture after 3 and 5 days, identifying 9885 and 3976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Sixty-five DEGs were associated with Y. lipolytica nitrogen, amino acid, photosynthetic, and carbon metabolism after 3 days. Eleven differentially expressed miRNAs were discovered after 3 days, of which two were differentially expressed and their target mRNA expressions negatively correlated with each other. One of these miRNAs regulates gene expression of cysteine dioxygenase, hypothetical protein, and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1, thereby reducing amino acid metabolic capacity; the other miRNA may promote upregulation of genes encoding the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 10 (ABCC10), thereby promoting nitrogen and carbon transport in C. pyrenoidosa. These miRNAs may further contribute to the activation of target mRNAs. miRNA/mRNA expression profiles confirmed the synergistic effects of a co-culture system on pollutant disposal.
Transcatheter edge-to-edge-repair of functional mitral regurgitation induces significant remodeling of mitral annular geometry
Authors: Paukovitsch Michael , Felbel Dominik , Jandek Madeleine , Keßler Mirjam , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Markovic Sinisa , Groeger Matthias , Tadic Marijana , Schneider Leonhard Moritz 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundMitral annular alterations in the context of heart failure often lead to severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR), which should be treated with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) according to current guidelines. M-TEER's effects on mitral valve (MV) annular remodeling have not been well elucidated.Methods141 consecutive patients undergoing M-TEER for treatment of FMR were included in this investigation. Comprehensive intraprocedural transesophageal echocardiography was used to assess the acute effects of M-TEER on annular geometry.ResultsAverage patient age was 76.2 ± 9.6 years and 46.1% were female patients. LV ejection fraction was reduced (37.0% ± 13.7%) and all patients had mitral regurgitation (MR) grade ≥III. M-TEER achieved optimal MR reduction (MR ≤ I) in 78.6% of patients. Mitral annular anterior-posterior diameters (A-Pd) were reduced by −6.2% ± 9.5% on average, whereas anterolateral-posteromedial diameters increased (3.7% ± 8.9%). Overall, a reduction in MV annular areas was observed (2D: −1.8% ± 13.1%; 3D: −2.7% ± 13.7%), which strongly correlated with A-Pd reduction (2D: r = 0.6, p &lt; 0.01; 3D: r = 0.65, p &lt; 0.01). Patients that achieved A-Pd reduction above the median (≥6.3%) showed significantly lower rates of the composite endpoint rehospitalization for heart failure or all-cause mortality than those with less A-Pd reduction (9.9% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.037, log-rank p = 0.039). Furthermore, patients reaching the composite endpoint had an increase in annular area (2D: 3.0% ± 15.4%; 3D: 1.9% ± 15.3%), whereas those not reaching the endpoint showed a decrease (2D: −2.7% ± 12.4%; 3D: −3.6% ± 13.3%), although residual MR after M-TEER was similar between these groups (p = 0.57). In multivariate Cox regression adjusted for baseline MR, A-Pd reduction ≥6.3% remained a significant predictor of the combined endpoint (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14–0.85, p = 0.02).ConclusionOur findings indicate that effects of M-TEER in FMR are not limited to MR reduction, but also have significant impact on annular geometry. Moreover, A-Pd reduction, which mediates annular remodeling, has a significant impact on clinical outcome independent of residual MR.
Association of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score with risk of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality in the general population: results from the NHANES 1999-2018
Authors: Pan Hong , Lin Shasha 
Published: June 2023

Background and aimsCardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCDs) contribute to leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States of America (USA). Hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score, a simple and convenient indicator, could reflect the combination of inflammation and nutritional status. This study was undertaken to evaluate the associations between HALP score and risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and all-cause mortality in the general population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018.MethodsWe identified 21,578 participants during the 1999-2018 cycles of the NHANES in this research. HALP score was calculated as hemoglobin (g/L) × albumin (g/L) × lymphocytes (/L)/platelets (/L). Outcomes were cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality determined by the NHANES-linked National Death Index record and followed until 31 December 2019. Survey-weighted Cox regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis were applied to investigate relationships between HALP score and risk of mortality.ResultsThis cohort study comprised 49.2% male and 50.8% female, of which the median age was 47 years old. In multivariate survey-weighted Cox regression adjusting for all confounders, compared with participants with low HALP scores, participants with highest HALP score had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR:0.80, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.89, P &lt; 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR:0.61, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.75, P &lt; 0.0001), and mediate HALP score had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR:0.68, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.75, P &lt; 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR:0.60, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.75, P &lt; 0.0001). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a non-linear relationship between HALP score and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (all P values &lt;0.001).ConclusionHALP score was independently associated with risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, but not cerebrovascular mortality.
Association between gut microbiota and primary ovarian insufficiency: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Luo Rong , Zhao Xia , Xia Di , Liu Yi , Shen Tao , Liang Yuanjiao 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundRecent studies have indicated a potential correlation between intestinal bacteria and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota (GM) and POI remains unclear.MethodsA bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the GM and POI. Data on the GM were based on the MiBioGen consortium's summary statistics from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study meta-analysis to date (n=13,266), and POI data were obtained from the R8 release of the FinnGen consortium, containing a total of 424 cases and 181,796 controls. A variety of analytical methods, including inverse variance weighting, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, and constrained maximum likelihood and model averaging and Bayesian information criterion, were utilized to explore the connection between the GM and POI. The Cochran's Q statistics were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of instrumental variables. The MR-Egger and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (PRESSO) methods were used to identify the horizontal pleiotropy of instrumental variables. The MR Steiger test was used to evaluate the strength of causal relationships. A reverse MR study was performed to investigate the causal relationship between POI and the targeted GMs which were indicated to have a causal relationship with POI in the forward MR evaluation.ResultsThe inverse variance weighted analysis indicated that Eubacterium (hallii group) (odds ratio [OR]=0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.9, P=0.022) and Eubacterium (ventriosum group) (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.27–0.97, P=0.04) had protective effects on POI, and Intestinibacter (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.04–3.2, P=0.037) and Terrisporobacter (OR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.14–5.36, P=0.022) had detrimental effects on POI. Results of the reverse MR analysis indicated that POI had no significant influence on the four GMs. No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed in the performance of the instrumental variables.ConclusionThis bidirectional two-sample MR study revealed a causal link between Eubacterium (hallii group), Eubacterium (ventriosum group), Intestinibacter, and Terrisporobacter and POI. Additional clinical trials are needed to gain a clearer understanding of the beneficial or detrimental effects of the GMs on POI and their mechanisms of action.