bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Subfertility and Pregnancy Loss due to Genital Tuberculosis
Authors: Stroeken Y. , Broekhuijsen K. , Leyten E. , Hermes W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a disease that primarily affects low and middle income countries (LMICs) but is becoming more relevant in Western countries due to increasing migration from high TB burden countries. It is especially difficult to detect in women with fertility issues as it mimics other more common causes. Delayed diagnosis of TB can result in fallopian tube and endometrial pathology leading to subfertility and pregnancy loss. This case report describes a 34-year-old woman from Ivory Coast who was diagnosed with intrauterine tuberculosis after hysteroscopic evacuation of suspected retained placental tissue following an immature delivery. The patient had a complicated fertility history, including pelvic inflammatory disease and IVF/ICSI procedures, before becoming pregnant at the age of 38. She delivered prematurely at 22 weeks with a retained placenta. A diagnosis of TB was confirmed after pathology revealed granulomatous inflammation, without signs of placental tissue, and further testing confirmed rifampicin-resistant TB. The patient underwent a 15-month course of multi-drug-resistant TB treatment, which postponed her pregnancy wish. The case highlights the challenge of diagnosing genital TB in the female genital tract during subfertility investigations and after a complicated pregnancy in a woman without a history of or symptoms of TB. It underscores the importance of considering TB in the differential diagnosis of subfertility. Screening should be considered in women originating from high endemic countries with unexplained fertility loss and during first trimester screening.
Study on Parameters of Modified Mohr–Coulomb Model for Water-rich Soft Soil in Tianjin, China
Authors: Ma Huanfa , Hao Xin , Yang Yongpeng , Li Hui , Yi Lixin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFoundation pit excavation through the soft layer has great technical challenges and potential safety risks, especially in soft soil area. In this study, we use a 3D numerical model of Foundation pit to simulate the excavation process. Based on the simulation, the sensitivity analysis of the three stiffness parameters ($${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{ur}}^{\mathrm{ref}}$$

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,$${\mathrm{E}}_{50}^{\mathrm{ref}}$$

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and $${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{oed}}^{\mathrm{ref}}$$

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) of the Modified Mohr–Coulomb model was carried out by using the Latin hypercube-one factor at a time method. During the simulation, the three stiffness parameters are changed with the perturbation amplitude of (± 20%) and (± 40%). In addition, the sensitivity of three stiffness parameters was calculated by taking the horizontal displacement of diaphragm wall as the observation index. Furthermore, by comparing the results of simulation with the measured data, the stiffness ratio relationship suitable for foundation pit simulation in Tianjin water-rich soft soil area are obtained. Our findings present that $${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{ur}}^{\mathrm{ref}}$$

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ur

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is the parameter that has the largest influence on the uncertainty in the MMC model, while $${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{oed}}^{\mathrm{ref}}$$

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is the least sensitive to horizontal displacement of diaphragm wall. The proportion rates of $${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{oed}}^{\mathrm{ref}}$$

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/$${\mathrm{E}}_{50}^{\mathrm{ref}}$$

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and $${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{ur}}^{\mathrm{ref}}{/\mathrm{E}}_{50}^{\mathrm{ref}}$$

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/
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provide a promising reference for simulating the foundation pit excavation in Tianjin water-rich soft soil area.
Magnetic bulk photovoltaic effect as a probe of magnetic structures of $\mathrm{{EuSn_{2}As_{2}}}$
Authors: Pi Hanqi , Zhang Shuai , Weng Hongming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) is a second-order optical process in noncentrosymmetric materials that converts the light into DC currents. BPVE is classified into shift current and injection current according to the generation mechanisms and their dependence on the polarization of light is sensitive to the spatial and time-reversal symmetry of materials. In this work, we present a comprehensive study on the BPVE response of $\mathrm{EuSn_{2}As_{2}}$

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with different magnetic structures through symmetry analysis and first-principles calculation. We demonstrate that the interlayer antiferromagnetic (AFM) $\mathrm{EuSn_{2}As_{2}}$

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of even-layer breaks the inversion symmetry and has the second-order optical responses. Moreover, the bilayer AFM $\mathrm{EuSn_{2}As_{2}}$

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not only displays distinct BPVE responses when magnetic moments align in different directions, but also shows symmetry-related responses in two phases which have mutually perpendicular in-plane magnetic moments. Due to the dependence of BPVE responses on the polarization of light and magnetic symmetry, these magnetic structures can be distinguished by the circular polarized light with well-designed experiments. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of the BPVE response as a tool to probe the magnetic structure.
Separated and vortical flow in aircraft aerodynamics: a CFD perspective
Authors: Rizzi A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the early era of aviation, Frederick Lanchester was both an inventor and a theoretician driven by the need for a theory of flight that would reduce the guesswork in designing new aircraft. His book Aerodynamics in 1907 laid down the early foundations of such a theory. The theory with contributions from others, notably Ludwig Prandtl, was refined to become the basis for the sleek designs of WWII aircraft brought about with little guesswork. New technology changed aircraft design radically with the increased speed of jet propulsion reaching into the transonic range with nonlinear aerodynamics. In the late 1940s and early 1950s substantial guesswork returned to aircraft design. The legacy of Lanchester et al., however, lived on with the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that could guide designers through nonlinear transonic effects. This article presents a historical sketch of how CFD developed, illustrated with examples explaining some of the difficulties overcome in the design of the first-generation swept-wing transonic fighters. The historical study is forensic CFD in search for the likely explanation of the designer’s choice for the wing shape that went into production a long time ago. The capability of current CFD applied to the aerodynamics of aircraft with slender wings is surveyed. The cases discussed involve flow patterns with coherent vortices over hybrid wings and wings of moderate sweep. Vortex-flow aerodynamics pertains to understanding the interaction of concentrated vortices with aircraft components. Modern Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) technology is useful to predict attached flow. But vortex interaction with other vortices and breakdown lead to unsteady, largely separated flow which has been found out of scope for RANS. Direct simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations is out of computational reach in the foreseeable future, and the need for better physical modeling is evident. Both cruise performance and stalling characteristics are influenced by strong interactions. Two important aspects of wing-flow physics are discussed: separation from a smooth surface that creates a vortex, and vortex bursting, the abrupt breakdown of a vortex with a subsequent loss of lift. Vortex aerodynamics of not-so-slender wings encounter particularly challenging problems, and it is shown how the design of early-generation operational aircraft surmounted these difficulties. Through use of forensic CFD, the article concludes with two case studies of aerodynamic design: how the Saab J29A wing maintains control authority near stall, and how the Saab J32 mitigates pitch-up instability at high incidence.
Assessing Firefighters’ Tourniquet Skill Attainment and Retention: A Controlled Simulation-Based Experiment
Authors: Dragset Erik , Blix Sigurd , Melau Jørgen , Wilson Thomas , Lund-Kordahl Inger 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study was to train and assess firefighters’ skill attainment in the use of tourniquets, and to assess their skill retention after 3 mo. The purpose is to show if firefighters can successfully apply a tourniquet after a short course based on the Norwegian national recommendation for civil prehospital tourniquet use.

Methods:
This is a prospective experimental study. The study population were firefighters, and the inclusion criterion was any on-duty firefighter. The first phase consisted of baseline precourse testing (T1), a 45-min course, followed by immediate retesting (T2). The second phase consisted of retesting of skill retention after 3 mo (T3).

Results:
A total of 109 participants at T1, 105 at T2, and 62 participants at T3. The firefighters achieved a higher proportion of successful tourniquet applications at T2 (91.4%; 96 of 105) as well as T3 (87.1%; 54 of 62) compared with 50.5% at T1 (55 of 109) (P = 0.009). Mean application time was 59.6 s (55.1-64.2) in T1, 34.9 s (33.3-36.6) in T2 and 37.7 s (33.9-41.4) in T3.

Conclusion:
A sample of firefighters can successfully apply a tourniquet after a 45-min course based on the 2019 Norwegian recommendation for civil prehospital tourniquet use. Skill retention after 3 mo was satisfactory for both successful application and application time.
LUCRETIAN DIDO: A STICHOMETRIC ALLUSION
Authors: Casali Sergio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the fourth line of her first speech in Book 1, to Ilioneus and the Trojan castaways, Dido quotes the first word of the first line of Lucretius’ De rerum natura, and in the fourth line of her second speech, to Aeneas, she quotes the first words of the second line of the De rerum natura. This is not a coincidence but a signal of the importance of Lucretius and Epicureanism for the characterization of Dido in the Aeneid.
APPRENTICESHIP CONTRACTS IN CLASSICAL ATHENS
Authors: McArthur Mills 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNumerous apprenticeship contracts survive among the papyri of Graeco-Roman Egypt, but scholars have been left guessing whether this documentation offers a sound comparison to job training in Classical Greece. This paper points out that such apprenticeship contracts are firmly attested in a work of Xenophon, revealing that, by the mid fourth century b.c., Athens was already home to the practice of formal apprenticeship.
An analysis and review of robot magic shows
Authors: Yang Jeehyun , Jeong Jaesik , Baltes Jacky 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The field of humanoid robotics is constantly evolving, with new advances creating exciting opportunities for research and development. Especially in the entertainment area, robotics applications show significant growth potential. To guide and track the progress of robotics research, good benchmark problems are crucial, but especially investigating human–robot interaction capabilities is difficult. This paper examines robot magic shows as a benchmark and research direction for entertainer robots and discusses flexible and versatile system architectures for robot magicians in the humanoid robot application challenge competition since 2017. The goal is a detailed analysis of magic tricks and magician robots presented in front of audiences. This paper reviews the hardware components and examines the robot platforms of participating teams in the robot magic show, the types of magic performances, the magic tricks and tools, the algorithms for the magic tricks, and the framework for humanoid robots. By providing a comprehensive analysis of these elements, we can gain insight into the capabilities of advanced humanoid robots for high-performance magic tricks. In conclusion, this paper highlights the exciting potential of humanoid robotics and entertainment fusion. In addition, we analyze the use of humanoid robots in magic shows, presenting the industrial potential of entertainer robots.
Modeling the potential distribution of the threatened Grey-necked Picathartes Picathartes oreas across its entire range
Authors: Tsetagho Guilain , Bradfer-Lawrence Tom , Taku Awa II , Abernethy Katharine A. , Abwe Ekwoge E. , Tsi Angwafo E. , Atuo Fidelis , Fichtler Martin , Fotso Roger , Shirley Matthew H. , Morgan Bethan J. , Languy Marc , Maisels Fiona , Oslisly Richard , Powell Luke , Smith Thomas , Thomassen Henri A. , Waltert Matthias , Wolfe Jared , Whytock Robin C. 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Understanding the distribution and extent of suitable habitats is critical for the conservation of endangered and endemic taxa. Such knowledge is limited for many Central African species, including the rare and globally threatened Grey-necked Picathartes Picathartes oreas, one of only two species in the family Picathartidae endemic to the forests of Central Africa. Despite growing concerns about land-use change resulting in fragmentation and loss of forest cover in the region, neither the extent of suitable habitat nor the potential species’ distribution is well known. We combine 339 (new and historical) occurrence records of Grey-necked Picathartes with environmental variables to model the potential global distribution. We used a Maximum Entropy modelling approach that accounted for sampling bias. Our model suggests that Grey-necked Picathartes distribution is strongly associated with steeper slopes and high levels of forest cover, while bioclimatic, vegetation health, and habitat condition variables were all excluded from the final model. We predicted 17,327 km2 of suitable habitat for the species, of which only 2,490 km2 (14.4%) are within protected areas where conservation designations are strictly enforced. These findings show a smaller global distribution of predicted suitable habitat forthe Grey-necked Picathartes than previously thought. This work provides evidence to inform a revision of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List status, and may warrant upgrading the status of the species from “Near Threatened” to “Vulnerable”.
Future Winter Precipitation Decreases Associated With the North Atlantic Warming Hole and Reduced Convection
Authors: Iversen Emilie C. , Hodnebrog Øivind , Seland Graff Lise , Nygaard Bjørn Egil , Iversen Trond 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate projections in the North Atlantic region suffer from great uncertainties, and projections of precipitation are given with a large spread. Some of this uncertainty is related to projections of the North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH). The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) projects a relatively strong and extensive NAWH, with future sea surface cooling extending to Northern Scandinavia. This study investigates the relatively large winter precipitation decrease projected by CESM2 in the northeastern North Atlantic region, reinforced in a regional model. Three future scenarios from CESM2 are dynamically downscaled with the Weather Research and Forecast model. A methodology to separate convective and orographic from stratiform precipitation is applied to explore the physical mechanisms. Changes in stratiform precipitation closely relate to storm‐track changes, which varies between the scenarios. Convective precipitation decreases by up to 50% over the Norwegian Sea at the end of the century, which is robust across the scenarios. This is explained by the underlying reduced sea surface temperatures of the NAWH, leading to reduced evaporation and reduced convective activity and intensity. The orographic precipitation maximum over the Scandinavian mountains is shifted upstream, likely affected by increased static stability and flow blocking, which also relates to the NAWH. This shift is possibly also explained by more frequent rain versus snow, as well as reduced cross‐barrier wind speeds. This study contributes to highlight the importance of focusing future research efforts on the NAWH, in order to constrain future climate projections in this region.
Response of Extreme Rainfall to Atmospheric Warming and Wetting: Implications for Hydrologic Designs Under a Changing Climate
Authors: Zhang Jinghan , Yang Long , Yu Miao , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the processes of rainfall extremes and their response to anthropogenic climate change is pivotal for improved adaptation of unprecedented flood hazards around the world. Here we take the record‐breaking 20 July 2021 storm over central China as an example. We investigate the response of this particular storm to atmospheric warming (i.e., increase in air temperature) and wetting (i.e., increase in atmospheric moisture content) based on a series of convection‐permitting model simulations. Our results show non‐monotonic changes of the space‐time rainfall variability to either increased temperature or atmospheric moisture content. The most extreme rain rate is produced when relative humidity is increased by 20%–40% or temperature is increased by less than 2°C. The non‐monotonic rainfall response is more clearly revealed at fine spatial (100–1,000 km2) and temporal scales (less than 6 hr) rather than over the entire domain (∼104 km2) and aggregated over the storm duration (around 2 days). This is mainly attributable to the distinct feedbacks from atmospheric dynamics (i.e., moisture convergence and interaction with regional topography) rather than regulated by thermodynamic changes alone. Atmospheric warming poses notable changes in the vertical structure of storm cells, contributing to reduced areal reduction factors at small spatial scales and short durations, while atmospheric wetting additionally modifies storm evolution properties. Our modeling analyses challenge the existing practices for hydrologic designs under a changing climate, highlighting particular vulnerability for cities or small basins to short‐duration rainfall extremes and the resultant flash flood hazards.
Diurnal Cycle of Rapid Air Temperature Fluctuations at Jezero Crater: Probability Distributions, Exponential Tails, Scaling, and Intermittency
Authors: de la Torre Juárez M. , Chavez A. , Tamppari L. K. , Munguira A. , Martínez G. , Hueso R. , Chide B. , Murdoch N. , Stott A. E. , Navarro S. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , Orton G. S. , Viúdez‐Moreiras D. , Banfield D. J. , Rodríguez‐Manfredi J. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the diurnal cycle of rapid thermal fluctuations observed by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, onboard the Perseverance rover at Jezero Crater, as a function of local time and season. In this context, rapid refers to periods between 15 min and half a second. Some insight is also provided into wind fluctuations that are the base for most of the existing theories on turbulent flows. The results expand the observations from previous Mars missions, namely Viking, Mars Pathfinder, and Phoenix, and they add to our knowledge of near‐surface fluctuations on Mars. (a) Probability distribution functions of the fluctuations are determined and found to have exponential tails. This means that models that represent the interaction within the environment and with the surface as a stochastic forcing need to account for the sudden events responsible for the exponential tails. (b) Power density spectra are calculated and show several dynamical regimes with different slopes associated to forcing, an intermediate regime, and a higher frequency regime. All change with time of the day. The results imply that the fastest regime is not a universal scenario for the temperature fluctuations near the surface. (c) The scale dependence of the fluctuations confirms the existence of intermittent outbursts associated to the slower fluctuations, possibly associated to the larger scale structures, and explains why the spectral density slopes do not follow Kolmogorov's law. Understanding the role of larger scale structures would help refine scaling theories of the near‐surface Martian atmosphere and its interactions with the surface.
Mid-infrared chemical imaging of intracellular tau fibrils using fluorescence-guided computational photothermal microscopy
Authors: Zhao Jian , Jiang Lulu , Matlock Alex , Xu Yihong , Zhu Jiabei , Zhu Hongbo , Tian Lei , Wolozin Benjamin , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmyloid proteins are associated with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains a grand challenge to extract molecular structure information from intracellular amyloid proteins in their native cellular environment. To address this challenge, we developed a computational chemical microscope integrating 3D mid-infrared photothermal imaging with fluorescence imaging, termed Fluorescence-guided Bond-Selective Intensity Diffraction Tomography (FBS-IDT). Based on a low-cost and simple optical design, FBS-IDT enables chemical-specific volumetric imaging and 3D site-specific mid-IR fingerprint spectroscopic analysis of tau fibrils, an important type of amyloid protein aggregates, in their intracellular environment. Label-free volumetric chemical imaging of human cells with/without seeded tau fibrils is demonstrated to show the potential correlation between lipid accumulation and tau aggregate formation. Depth-resolved mid-infrared fingerprint spectroscopy is performed to reveal the protein secondary structure of the intracellular tau fibrils. 3D visualization of the β-sheet for tau fibril structure is achieved.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation facilitates contextual fear extinction and modulates intrinsic excitability of dentate gyrus neurons
Authors: Xiang Guo , Liu Xia , Wang Jiangong , Lu Shunshun , Yu Meng , Zhang Yuhan , Sun Bin , Huang Bin , Lu Xin-Yun , Li Xingang , Zhang Di 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus encodes contextual information associated with fear, and cell activity in the DG is required for acquisition and extinction of contextual fear. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that mice deficient for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) exhibited a slower rate of contextual fear extinction. Furthermore, selective deletion of PPARα in the DG attenuated, while activation of PPARα in the DG by local infusion of aspirin facilitated extinction of contextual fear. The intrinsic excitability of DG granule neurons was reduced by PPARα deficiency but increased by activation of PPARα with aspirin. Using RNA-Seq transcriptome we found that the transcription level of neuropeptide S receptor 1 (Npsr1) was tightly correlated with PPARα activation. Our results provide evidence that PPARα plays an important role in regulating DG neuronal excitability and contextual fear extinction.
Human orbitofrontal cortex signals decision outcomes to sensory cortex during behavioral adaptations
Authors: Wang Bin A. , Veismann Maike , Banerjee Abhishek , Pleger Burkhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ability to respond flexibly to an ever-changing environment relies on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). However, how the OFC associates sensory information with predicted outcomes to enable flexible sensory learning in humans remains elusive. Here, we combine a probabilistic tactile reversal learning task with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how lateral OFC (lOFC) interacts with the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) to guide flexible tactile learning in humans. fMRI results reveal that lOFC and S1 exhibit distinct task-dependent engagement: while the lOFC responds transiently to unexpected outcomes immediately following reversals, S1 is persistently engaged during re-learning. Unlike the contralateral stimulus-selective S1, activity in ipsilateral S1 mirrors the outcomes of behavior during re-learning, closely related to top-down signals from lOFC. These findings suggest that lOFC contributes to teaching signals to dynamically update representations in sensory areas, which implement computations critical for adaptive behavior.