bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENT OF DYSLIPIDAEMIA AMONG PATIENTS WITHOUT DIAGNOSED ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE IN BELGIUM
Authors: Devroey D , Betz W , Kartounian J 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to assess the lipoprotein levels in patients without diagnosed atherosclerotic disease but treated with lipid‐lowering drugs. During February and March 2002 all demands for continuation of reimbursement of lipid‐lowering drugs were recorded at two regional offices of health insurance associations. A total of 1973 patients without diagnosed atherosclerotic disease were included (mean age 66 years). Mean total cholesterol (TC) was 5.39 mmol/l, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) 1.50 mmol/l, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) 3.16 mmol/l and triglycerides (TG) 1.59 mmol/l. Thirty‐four per cent of the treated patients reached the TC target of 5.0 mmol/l or less. The LDL‐C target level of 3.0 mmol/l or less was reached by 45% of the patients. Of the patients receiving a statin, 61% were not treated with the optimal doses. The treatment was adjusted in 15% of the patients who did not reach the combined endpoint.
A CASE OF SEPTICAEMIA, MENINGITIS AND PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY STREPTOCOCCUS BOVIS TYPE II
Authors: Namiduru M , Karaoglan I , Aktaran S , Dikensoy O , Baydar I 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe present a case of septicaemia, pneumonia and meningitis due to Streptococcus bovis type‐ll in a patient who had undergone a total hip prosthesis under general anaesthesia three weeks earlier. This organism is an uncommon human pathogen that sometimes causes bacteraemia and endocarditis and is usually connected with colon pathology and dental procedures. In the reported case, there were no risk factors for S. bovis infection except for the hip operation. S. cow's type II sensitive to penicillin was isolated from all blood and pleural fluid cultures. The patient recovered and was discharged from hospital two weeks after presentation. (Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57(8): 735–736)
LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS PRESENTING AS ADULT ONSET EPILEPSY
Authors: Jain RS 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA 37‐year‐old man presented with recurrent secondary generalised seizures from right focal onset. An MRI scan of the brain revealed multiple contrast enhancing lesions mainly involving the frontal, parietal and temporal regions. The left frontotemporal lesion was biopsied and histopathology confirmed it to be a rare case of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis. He was given a short course of oral corticosteroids. Two years later his clinical condition was much improved on antiepileptic therapy alone, and repeat MRI brain and MR spectroscopy showed significant resolution of the lesions.
PERSISTENT OTORRHOEA AFTER VENTILATION TUBE INSERTION: A TREATMENT PROTOCOL
Authors: Siddiq MA , Narula AA 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYOtorrhoea is the commonest complication of ventilation tube (grommet) insertion. In some cases it may be unresponsive to short courses of topical antibiotic/steroid drops and/or systemic antibiotics. This study investigated whether a five‐day course of inpatient treatment with intravenous antibiotics, topical medication and daily microsuction was effective in treating persistent otorrhoea. Eleven subjects were included, of whom nine responded to the proposed treatment regimen. We recommend that patients with persistent otorrhoea after ventilation tube insertion should be managed according to these guidelines before considering an examination under anaesthetic or a ventilation tube removal.
EXCITABILITY OF THE MOTOR CORTEX IN SCHIZOPHRENIA FOLLOWING TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS: TWO SERIAL CASE REPORTS
Authors: Puri BK , Davey NJ , Zaman R 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA previous electrophysiological investigation of schizophrenia using transcranial magnetic stimulation has shown altered corticospinal inhibition in medicated patients compared with drug‐naive patients. Based on this work, we have carried out the first serial electrophysiological case studies of the human corticospinal system in schizophrenia in which a typical antipsychotic was compared with an atypical antipsychotic. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation‐based techniques to study the time course of drug action in two antipsychotic drug‐naive patients with schizophrenia; one patient treated with a typical antipsychotic (haloperidol) and the other with an atypical antipsychotic (risperidone). The typical antipsychotic was associated with an increase in corticospinal excitability which we found to occur 4–5 weeks after beginning medication. In contrast, the atypical antipsychotic was associated with a decrease in corticospinal excitability, occurring 3–4 weeks after starting pharmacotherapy. We conclude that these opposite neurophysiological effects are related to the relative dopaminergic and serotonergic actions of the two classes of drug. (Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57(9): 831–833)
ADDISONIAN CRISIS DUE TO ADRENAL GLAND METASTASIS IN HODGKIN'S DISEASE
Authors: Akçay MN , Tekin SB , Akçay G 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYAdrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease is a rare illness associated with multiple pathology. We describe the case of a 61‐year‐old male with Hodgkin's disease and metastases in both adrenal glands who was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency as a result of an acute addisonian crisis. (Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57(9): 840–841)
ANTIPLATELET DRUGS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Weston C , Rao U 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYPlatelets play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic conditions, e.g. acute coronary syndromes, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular events. Antiplatelet agents interfere with platelet activation and aggregation and, as such, would be expected to modify the natural history of cardiovascular disease. In this review we explore the evidence to support the use of such drugs, singly or in combination, in a variety of situations characterised by thrombosis and summarise some of the concerns inherent in their use.
Assessing the Farm–Nonfarm Households' Income Gap along the Income Distribution in the European Union
Authors: Marino Maria , Rocchi Benedetto , Severini Simone 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the presence of a farm–nonfarm income gap along the income distribution in the European Union. Our findings show that the income disparity between farm and nonfarm households varies at the opposite poles of the distribution within and between countries. On average, farm households in the lowest quartile are worse off than nonfarm households in the same quartile, whilst farm households in the highest quartile are better off than their nonfarm counterpart. We also provide some evidence on the time dynamics of the farm–nonfarm households' income gap by looking at its evolution after the Great Recession. Finally, the policy implications stemming from the results are presented. In particular, the importance of re‐directing the Common Agricultural Policy public support in two main directions: from the richest farm households to the poorest farm households, to reduce within countries' inequality, and from the richest countries to the poorest countries, to reduce between countries' inequality.
Toward an adequate level of detail in flood risk assessments
Authors: Sieg Tobias , Kienzler Sarah , Rözer Viktor , Vogel Kristin , Rust Henning , Bronstert Axel , Kreibich Heidi , Merz Bruno , Thieken Annegret H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFlood risk assessments require different disciplines to understand and model the underlying components hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Many methods and data sets have been refined considerably to cover more details of spatial, temporal, or process information. We compile case studies indicating that refined methods and data have a considerable effect on the overall assessment of flood risk. But are these improvements worth the effort? The adequate level of detail is typically unknown and prioritization of improvements in a specific component is hampered by the lack of an overarching view on flood risk. Consequently, creating the dilemma of potentially being too greedy or too wasteful with the resources available for a risk assessment. A “sweet spot” between those two would use methods and data sets that cover all relevant known processes without using resources inefficiently. We provide three key questions as a qualitative guidance toward this “sweet spot.” For quantitative decision support, more overarching case studies in various contexts are needed to reveal the sensitivity of the overall flood risk to individual components. This could also support the anticipation of unforeseen events like the flood event in Germany and Belgium in 2021 and increase the reliability of flood risk assessments.
Industry influence on firms' R&D and innovation
Authors: Rind Asad A. , Abbassi Wajih , Bigelli Marco , Rouatbi Wael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of peers on a firm's research and development (R&D) policy. We show that firms do not make R&D decisions in isolation, and that industry dynamics play an important role in defining a firm's R&D intensity. Using a large sample of 54,393 firm‐year observations from 1991 to 2015 in the United States, we find that firms' R&D decisions are mainly driven by their industry peers' R&D policies. Moreover, we find that R&D mimicking is significant only in the presence of strong product market competition, whereas we do not find any evidence of information‐based herding in R&D investments. Our additional analysis shows that our main conclusions remain valid even in the presence of financial constraints, and regardless of the firms' market positions. Finally, we provide evidence that R&D mimicking increases firms' future values, future patent outputs, and estimated patent dollar values. Our findings are robust to endogeneity concerns, and to using alternative sample compositions, R&D intensity proxies, and different industry classifications.
Catalyzing Collaboration Among Interprofessional Birth Transfer Teams Through Simulation
Authors: Baayd Jami , Lloyd Mikelle , Garcia Gabriela , Smith Suzanne , Sylvester Heidi , Clark Erin , Cross Brett , Gero Alexandra , Cohen Susanna 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionPlanned home or birth center births sometimes require emergency transfers to a hospital. Poor communication among members of the birth care team during a transfer can lead to unfavorable outcomes for the birthing person and newborn. To improve the quality of birth transfers in Utah, the Utah Women and Newborns Quality Collaborative partnered with the LIFT Simulation Design Lab to develop and pilot an interprofessional birth transfer simulation training.MethodsWe engaged community stakeholders to identify learning objectives and co‐design the simulation trainings using principles of participatory design. We conducted 5 simulation trainings featuring birth transfers during a postpartum hemorrhage. The LIFT Lab evaluated the trainings to determine if they were feasible, acceptable, and effective. Measures included a post‐training form asking participants to evaluate the quality of the training and a 9‐question pre‐ and post‐training survey measuring changes in participants’ self‐efficacy regarding components of birth transfer. The changes were assessed for significance using a paired t test.ResultsA total of 102 participants attended the 5 trainings; all health care provider groups were well represented. Most participants felt the simulations were similar to real situations and would benefit others in their professions. All participants said the trainings were a good use of their time. Following the training, participants had significantly higher levels of self‐efficacy regarding their ability to manage birth transfers.DiscussionBirth transfer simulation trainings are an acceptable, feasible, and effective method for training interprofessional birth care teams.
Tetrasporophytic bias coupled with heterozygote deficiency in Antarctic Plocamium sp. (Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Heiser Sabrina , Amsler Charles D. , Stoeckel Solenn , McClintock James B. , Baker Bill J. , Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMeiosis and syngamy generate an alternation between two ploidy stages, but the timing of these two processes varies widely across taxa, thereby generating life cycle diversity. One hypothesis suggests that life cycles with long‐lived haploid stages are correlated with selfing, asexual reproduction, or both. Though mostly studied in angiosperms, selfing and asexual reproduction are often associated with marginal habitats. Yet, in haploid‐diploid macroalgae, these two reproductive modes have subtle but unique consequences whereby predictions from angiosperms may not apply. Along the western Antarctic Peninsula, there is a thriving macroalgal community, providing an opportunity to explore reproductive system variation in haploid‐diploid macroalgae at high latitudes where endemism is common. Plocamium sp. is a widespread and abundant red macroalga observed within this ecosystem. We sampled 12 sites during the 2017 and 2018 field seasons and used 10 microsatellite loci to describe the reproductive system. Overall genotypic richness and evenness were high, suggesting sexual reproduction. Eight sites were dominated by tetrasporophytes, but there was strong heterozygote deficiency, suggesting intergametophytic selfing. We observed slight differences in the prevailing reproductive mode among sites, possibly due to local conditions (e.g., disturbance) that may contribute to site‐specific variation. It remains to be determined whether high levels of selfing are characteristic of macroalgae more generally at high latitudes, due to the haploid‐diploid life cycle, or both. Further investigations of algal life cycles will likely reveal the processes underlying the maintenance of sexual reproduction more broadly across eukaryotes, but more studies of natural populations are required.
Economic assessment of investment in automatic feeding systems for sea bass grow‐out farms of different sizes
Authors: Fernández Sánchez José L. , Basurco Bernardo , Aguilera Cristóbal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work was to run an economic assessment of investment in automatic feeding systems for grow‐out farms of different sizes producing European sea bass in the Mediterranean Sea. For this, we have used an economic model to simulate the annual income statement of a typical farm with different production volumes: a small‐sized farm with a production of 413 tons/year, a medium‐sized farm of 1122 tons/year, and a large‐sized farm of 2539 tons/year. With the values obtained in the simulation, we have carried out partial budget and investment analyses to estimate the economic value of this investment decision. To complement our economic assessment, a sensitivity analysis has also been run to include risk in the investment decision. Our findings show that the implementation of automatic feeding systems in sea bass grow‐out farms would be a good economic decision, regardless of the farm size, since there are technological options suitable for different farm sizes and capital investment capacities. Consequently, innovation and investment in feeding management should not be impeded or limited by the farm size.
Evolution‐guided multiomics provide insights into the strengthening of bioactive flavone biosynthesis in medicinal pummelo
Authors: Zheng Weikang , Zhang Wang , Liu Dahui , Yin Minqiang , Wang Xia , Wang Shouchuang , Shen Shuangqian , Liu Shengjun , Huang Yue , Li Xinxin , Zhao Qian , Yan Lu , Xu Yuantao , Yu Shiqi , Hu Bin , Yuan Tao , Mei Zhinan , Guo Lanping , Luo Jie , Deng Xiuxin , Xu Qiang , Huang Luqi , Ma Zhaocheng 
Published: April 2023

SummaryPummelo (Citrus maxima or Citrus grandis) is a basic species and an important type for breeding in Citrus. Pummelo is used not only for fresh consumption but also for medicinal purposes. However, the molecular basis of medicinal traits is unclear. Here, compared with wild citrus species/Citrus‐related genera, the content of 43 bioactive metabolites and their derivatives increased in the pummelo. Furthermore, we assembled the genome sequence of a variety for medicinal purposes with a long history, Citrus maxima ‘Huazhouyou‐tomentosa’ (HZY‐T), at the chromosome level with a genome size of 349.07 Mb. Comparative genomics showed that the expanded gene family in the pummelo genome was enriched in flavonoids‐, terpenoid‐, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Using the metabolome and transcriptome of six developmental stages of HZY‐T and Citrus maxima ‘Huazhouyou‐smooth’ (HZY‐S) fruit peel, we generated the regulatory networks of bioactive metabolites and their derivatives. We identified a novel MYB transcription factor, CmtMYB108, as an important regulator of flavone pathways. Both mutations and expression of CmtMYB108, which targets the genes PAL (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase) and FNS (flavone synthase), displayed differential expression between Citrus‐related genera, wild citrus species and pummelo species. This study provides insights into the evolution‐associated changes in bioactive metabolism during the origin process of pummelo.
Frequency of child restraint system use and parental knowledge of such systems in western China
Authors: Wan Li , Wen Dan , Wan Xingli , Ren Yinghong , Jia Chao , Yang Xiuru , He Mei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the frequency of child restraint system (CRS) use in cars and assessed parental knowledge and attitudes toward such restraint systems in western China.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022. Hospitals and kindergartens were convenience sampling selected, and parents with cars were asked whether they owned and used CRS. Parents’ knowledge and attitudes toward such systems were also determined. Factors associated with CRS were explored using binary logistic regression.ResultsA total of 4764 questionnaires were distributed to parents with children 0–6 years old. Among the 4455 responses received, 50.8% of the respondents owned CRS, and most of which were front‐facing child seats (42.0%). Less than half (44.4%) reported using a CRS sometimes, but only 19.6% used it all the time. The possession and use of a CRS varied significantly with the parental education level, age of the child, place of residence, number of children, family income, travel frequency, and travel distance. Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of car travel with a child and monthly family income significantly affected CRS use. Most parents (85.2%) perceived that adult seat belt in cars are effective at protecting their children in the event of a crash. The most frequent reason for not using a CRS was the tendency for children to travel in the car less often.ConclusionsAlthough approximately half of the respondents owned a CRS, most of them used it rarely, if at all. Educating parents about safe ways for children to ride in a car and use of safety belts may promote CRS use.
Deciphering the role of alternative splicing as modulators of defense response in the MYMIV–Vigna mungo pathosystem
Authors: Laskar Parbej , Hazra Anjan , Pal Amita , Kundu Anirban 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is a crucial regulatory mechanism that impacts transcriptome and proteome complexity under stressful situations. Although its role in abiotic stresses is somewhat understood, our understanding of the mechanistic regulation of pre‐messenger RNA splicing in plant‐pathogen interaction is meager. To comprehend this unexplored immune reprogramming mechanism, transcriptome profiles of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV)‐resistant and susceptible Vigna mungo genotypes were analyzed for AS genes that may underlie the resistance mechanism. Results revealed a repertoire of AS‐isoforms accumulated during pathogenic infestation, with intron retention being the most common AS mechanism. Identification of 688 differential alternatively spliced (DAS) genes in the resistant host elucidates its robust antiviral response, whereas 322 DAS genes were identified in the susceptible host. Enrichment analyses confirmed DAS transcripts pertaining to stress, signaling, and immune system pathways have undergone maximal perturbations. Additionally, a strong regulation of the splicing factors has been observed both at the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels. qPCR validation of candidate DAS transcripts with induced expression upon MYMIV infection demonstrated a competent immune response in the resistant background. The AS‐impacted genes resulted either in partial/complete loss of functional domains or altered sensitivity to micro‐RNA‐mediated gene silencing. A complex regulatory module, miR7517‐ATAF2, has been identified in an aberrantly spliced ATAF2 isoform that exposes an intronic miR7517 binding site, thereby suppressing the negative regulator to enhance the defense reaction. The present study establishes AS as a noncanonical immune reprogramming mechanism that operates in parallel, thereby offering an alternative strategy for developing yellow mosaic‐resistant V. mungo cultivars.
Assessing the economic impacts of a perfect storm of extreme weather, pandemic control, and export restrictions: A methodological construct
Authors: Hu Yixin , Wang Daoping , Huo Jingwen , Chemutai Vicky , Brenton Paul , Yang Lili , Guan Dabo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the economic impacts of a multi‐disaster mix comprising extreme weather, such as flooding, pandemic control, and export restrictions, dubbed a “perfect storm.” We develop a compound‐hazard impact model that improves on the ARIO model by considering the economic interplay between different types of hazardous events. The model considers simultaneously cross‐regional substitution and production specialization, which can influence the resilience of the economy to multiple shocks. We build scenarios to investigate economic impacts when a flood and a pandemic lockdown collide and how these are affected by the timing, duration, and intensity/strictness of each shock. In addition, we examine how export restrictions during a pandemic impact the economic losses and recovery, especially when there is the specialization of production of key sectors. The results suggest that an immediate, stricter but shorter pandemic control policy would help to reduce the economic costs inflicted by a perfect storm, and regional or global cooperation is needed to address the spillover effects of such compound events, especially in the context of the risks from deglobalization.