bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender gaps in Australian research publishing, citation and co-authorship
Authors: Jamali Hamid R. , Abbasi Alireza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite improvement in gender inequality in Australian science, the problem has not been fully addressed yet. To better understand the nature of gender inequality in Australian science, all gendered Australian first authored articles published between 2010 and 2020 and indexed in the Dimensions database were analysed. Field of Research (FoR) was used as the subject classification of articles and Field Citation Ratio (FCR) was used for citation comparison. Overall, the ratio of female to male first authored articles increased over the years, and this was true for all FoRs except for information and computing sciences. The ratio of single-authored articles by females was also improved over the study period. Females appeared to have a citation advantage, using Field Citation Ratio, over males in a few FoRs including mathematical sciences, chemical sciences, technology, built environment and design, studies in human society, law and legal studies, and studies in creative arts and writing. The average FCR for female first authored articles was greater than the average FCR for male first authored articles, including in a few fields such mathematical sciences where male authors outperformed females in terms of the number of articles.
Improvements to the Empirical Solar Wind Forecast (ESWF) model
Authors: Milošić D. , Temmer M. , Heinemann S. G. , Podladchikova T. , Veronig A. , Vršnak B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe empirical solar wind forecast (ESWF) model in its current version 2.0 runs as a space-safety service in the frame of ESA’s Heliospheric Weather Expert Service Centre. The ESWF model forecasts the solar-wind speed at Earth with a lead time of 4 days. The algorithm uses an empirical relation found between the area of solar coronal-holes (CHs), as observed in EUV within a $15^{\circ}$

15
∘

meridional slice, and the in-situ measured solar-wind speed at 1 AU. This relation however, forecasts Gaussian type speed profiles, as the CH rotates in and out of the meridional slice, causing some discrepancy in the timing between forecasted and observed solar-wind speed. With adaptations to the ESWF 2.0 algorithm we improve the precision and accuracy of the ESWF speed profiles. For that we implement compression and rarefaction effects occurring between solar-wind streams of different velocities in interplanetary space. By considering the propagation times for plasma parcels between the Sun and Earth and their interactions, we achieve the asymmetrical shape of the speed profile that is characteristic of high-speed streams (HSS). By further implementing CH segmentation, co-latitude information and dynamic thresholding, we find that the newly developed ESWF 3.2 performs significantly better than ESWF 2.0. For a sample of 294 different HSSs, we derive a relative increase in hits of the timing and peak velocity by $13.9\%$
13.9
%
. The Pearson correlation coefficient increases by $14.3\%$
14.3
%
from 0.35 to 0.40.
Water Splitting on a Pt1/C3N4 Single Atom Catalyst: A Modeling Approach
Authors: Saetta Clara , Di Liberto Giovanni , Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work we present a computational study of the nature of a Single Atom Catalyst (SAC) consisting of a Pt1 atom anchored on a C3N4 support, and of its reactivity in the water splitting semi-reactions, the Hydrogen Evolution (HER) and Oxygen Evolution (OER) Reactions. The work is motivated by the intense research in designing catalytic materials for water splitting characterized by a low amount of noble metal species, maximization of active phase, and stability of the catalyst. C3N4-based SACs are promising candidates. The results indicate that the chemistry of a single atom is complex, as it can be anchored to the support in different ways resulting in a different stability. The reactivity of the most stable structure in HER and OER has been considered, finding that Pt1@C3N4 is more reactive than metallic platinum. Furthermore, unconventional but stable intermediates can form that differ from the intermediates usually found on extended catalytic surfaces. The work highlights the importance of considering the complex chemistry of SACs in view of the analogies existing with coordination chemistry compounds.
Ultrasonographic and histopathologic features associated with common ocular diseases in donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors: Wafy Mona N. , Hassan Elham A. , Ahmed Kawkab A. , Aboelmaaty Amal M. , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a lack of reports describing ultrasonographic and histopathologic features of ocular diseases in donkeys. The present study aimed to document ultrasonographic and histopathologic changes associated with common ocular diseases in donkeys. The study included 45 donkeys (64 eyes) with ocular diseases that had reached the end of their working lives and requested to be used for educational and research purposes. Complete clinical, ophthalmic, ultrasonographic, gross pathologic and histopathologic examinations were included. Ocular abnormalities were documented, tabulated, and analyzed. Seventy-five ocular abnormalities were diagnosed with multiple involvements within the same eye including anterior uveitis (n = 13; 22.8%), cataract (n = 57; 76%), retinal detachment (n = 3; 4%), lens and phthisis bulbi (n = 2; 2.6%). Descriptive ultrasonographic findings of ocular abnormalities were included. Gross pathologic and histopathology findings confirmed the ultrasonography findings. Ultrasonography provided a clinically useful tool offering insight into detailed intraocular structures especially with opacification of the dioptric structures of the eye.
The Effect of Strain Rate on the Tensile Deformation Behavior of Single Crystal, Ni-Based Superalloys
Authors: Wang-Koh Y. M. , Messe O. M. D. M. , Schwalbe C. W. M. , Jones C. N. , Rae C. M. F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle crystal Nickel-based superalloys exhibit an anomalous yield point, the yield stress increasing with temperature to a maximum at around 750 ºC. Here, we demonstrate in the alloy CMSX-4 at 750 ºC that, although there is virtually no effect of strain rate on the initial yield point, at slow strain rates a second mechanism can initiate leading to a considerable softening effect. By examining the microstructures of a series of interrupted tests, this is attributed to the initiation of stacking fault shear after the operation of a secondary slip system. Using high-resolution TEM, the dislocation structures are shown to be identical in both structure and in the segregation of Co, Cr, and W, to those observed during creep deformation of single crystal alloys, although the conformation of the dislocations and faults differs from that observed during creep. This drop in flow stress at low strain rates is not observed in the alloys TMS138A and SRR99, in the former case, the improved creep resistance of this fourth-generation alloy would require a much slower strain rate to match the creep rate achievable at this temperature.
Supersolvus Recrystallization and Grain Growth Kinetics for the Fine Tuning of Grain Size in VDM Alloy 780 Forgings
Authors: Hafez Haghighat M. , Sharma J. , Gehrmann B. , Alves H. , Bozzolo N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVDM Alloy 780 is a new polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy developed for aeronautical applications. In most of the targeted applications, grain size after forging must be precisely controlled to meet the targeted mechanical properties and in-service life requirements. Grain size in forgings is the direct consequence of the recrystallization and grain growth kinetics which are addressed in this paper at high temperatures, above the solvus temperature of γ′ and η/δ phases. The dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization kinetics as well as the grain growth kinetics of VDM Alloy 780 are detailed over a range of thermomechanical conditions. Dynamic recrystallization appears to be limited, with only 30 pct recrystallized at quite high strain of 1.7 applied at 1050 °C and 0.01 s−1for instance, but this is compensated by fast post-dynamic evolution. Within the investigated thermomechanical range, recrystallization is completed with 5 minutes of post-deformation hold in VDM Alloy 780 independent of the prior strain, strain rate and dynamic recrystallization fraction. For a strain as low as 0.08, an isothermal annealing of 30 minutes at 1050 °C generates a homogenous and fully recrystallized microstructure. Capillarity driven grain growth following recrystallization is also relatively slow, for instance an exposure at 1050 °C (50 °C above the solvus temperature) for 2 hours results in an increase in average grain size from 20 to 70 μm. This opens the possibility to fine tune the grain sizes by subsequent heat treatments within a time scale that is compatible with industrial conditions. The high cobalt content (25 pct) is suspected to play a role in the control of microstructure evolution kinetics. It is noteworthy that VDM Alloy 780 is shown here to not undergo the heterogeneous grain growth phenomenon reported in low strain regions for other nickel-based superalloys, which is also an asset for applications requiring strict control of grain sizes and grain size distributions.
On the influence of elasticity on propeller performance: a parametric study
Authors: Möhren F. , Bergmann O. , Janser F. , Braun C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aerodynamic performance of propellers strongly depends on their geometry and, consequently, on aeroelastic deformations. Knowledge of the extent of the impact is crucial for overall aircraft performance. An integrated simulation environment for steady aeroelastic propeller simulations is presented. The simulation environment is applied to determine the impact of elastic deformations on the aerodynamic propeller performance. The aerodynamic module includes a blade element momentum approach to calculate aerodynamic loads. The structural module is based on finite beam elements, according to Timoshenko theory, including moderate deflections. Several fixed-pitch propellers with thin-walled cross sections made of both isotropic and non-isotropic materials are investigated. The essential parameters are varied: diameter, disc loading, sweep, material, rotational, and flight velocity. The relative change of thrust between rigid and elastic blades quantifies the impact of propeller elasticity. Swept propellers of large diameters or low disc loadings can decrease the thrust significantly. High flight velocities and low material stiffness amplify this tendency. Performance calculations without consideration of propeller elasticity can lead to decreased efficiency. To avoid cost- and time-intense redesigns, propeller elasticity should be considered for swept planforms and low disc loadings.
A survey on bipartite graphs embedding
Authors: Giamphy Edward , Guillaume Jean-Loup , Doucet Antoine , Sanchis Kevin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch on graph representation learning (a.k.a. embedding) has received great attention in recent years and shows effective results for various types of networks. Nevertheless, few initiatives have been focused on the particular case of embeddings for bipartite graphs. In this paper, we first define the graph embedding problem in the case of bipartite graphs. Next, we propose a taxonomy of approaches used to tackle this problem and draw a description of state-of-the-art methods. Then, we establish their pros and cons with respect to conventional network embeddings. Finally, we provide a description of available resources to lead experiments on the subject.
Micromachined Infrared Thermopile Detector Based on a Suspended Film Structure
Authors: Lei Cheng , Guan Yihao , Liang Ting , Wu Xuezhan , Bai Yuehang , Gong Mingfeng , Jia Pingang , Xiong Jijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) infrared thermopile is the core working device of modern information detection systems such as spectrometers, gas sensors, and remote temperature sensors. We presented two different structures of MEMS infrared thermopiles based on suspended film structures. They both deposited silicon nitride over the entire surface as a passivated absorber layer in place of a separate absorber zone, and the thermocouple strip was oriented in the same direction as the temperature gradient. The same MEMS preparation process was used and finally two different structures of the thermopile were characterized separately for testing to verify the impact of our design on the detector. The test results show that the circular and double-ended symmetrical thermopile detectors have responsivities of 27.932 V/W and 23.205 V/W, specific detectivities of 12.1×107 cm·Hz1/2·W−1 and 10.1×107 cm·Hz1/2·W−1, and response time of 26.2 ms and 27.06 ms, respectively. In addition, rectangular double-ended symmetric thermopile has a larger field of view than a circular thermopile detector, but is not as mechanically stable as a circular thermopile.
Claude Bernard and life in the laboratory
Authors: Rheinberger Hans-Joerg 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch has been written on Claude Bernard as a relentless promoter of the experimental method in physiology. Although the paper will touch Bernard’s experimental intuitions and his experimental practice as well, its focus is slightly different. It will address the laboratory, that is, the space in which experimentation in the life sciences takes place, and it will analyze the scattered remarks that Bernard made on the topic both in his books and in his posthumously published writings. The paper is divided into four parts. The introduction briefly sketches the coming into being of the physiological laboratory in the first half of the nineteenth century. The second section will give an overview of Claude Bernard’s own itinerary in physiology and his personal laboratory experience. The third part of the paper will have a look at the image of the laboratory that Claude depicted in his Introduction to Experimental Medicine. In the subsequent section and by contrast, the image of the laboratory will come into focus as it can be reconstructed from Bernard’s notebook that he kept between 1850 and 1860, the Cahier rouge. Finally, the fifth part of the paper will spotlight Claude Bernard’s comparison of the sciences and the arts and their respective practices. A brief concluding statement tries to summarize Bernard’s epistemological position toward experimentally practiced science.
Becoming a Non-native Chinese Language Teacher: An Identity Triangle Model Analysis
Authors: Wang Danping , Mason Claudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study utilises the Identity Triangle Model (Dugas in Teach Dev 25(3):243–262, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2021.1874500) to examine the experiences of one particular novice non-native Mandarin Chinese teacher at a university in New Zealand. A case study design was employed to track the identity negotiations of this European non-native Chinese speaker during 12 weeks of her first semester of teaching. Analysis of the data revealed nine subcategories within the psychological, behavioural, and relational domains according to the Identity Triangle Model. The findings suggest that this new non-native speaker teacher viewed her as an accidental teacher, exploring a teaching career without a strong instrumentalist aspiration or a clear career path in language teaching. Instead, she was more motivated by a desire for personal growth and the opportunity to reinvent themselves in a new cultural context. The results of this study offer theoretical implications for the adoption of a unified framework in future research on the identity of first-time language teachers, and practical implications for developing sustainable strategies aimed at recruiting and retaining non-native speaker teachers in foreign language education.
Remaining childless: examining the different patterns of expectations that lead to a childless life for men
Authors: Verweij Renske M. , Keizer Renske 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEarly life fertility expectations fail to explain why a substantial proportion of men remain childless. To understand which roads lead to childlessness, it is important to investigate the patterning of fertility expectations across men’s life courses. Therefore, the current study focuses on pathways into childlessness for men, by differentiating groups based on whether, and if so when, changes in fertility expectations occurred. In addition, we examine how these patterns of fertility expectations were linked to men’s labour force participation (LFP) and marital relationships. We use data from the American National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and applied sequence, clustering, and multinomial logistic regression methods to analyze stability and change in childless men’s life course between the ages of 22 and 47 (N = 679). Based on their patterns of fertility expectations, we identified four groups of childless men. (1) Early switchers (29%), (2) mid-thirty switchers (29%), (3) late or never switchers (25%), and men with unstable expectations (18%). Early switchers often got married early, while late or never switchers were more likely those who got married at a later age. In contrast, interrupted LFP was only weakly related to patterns of fertility expectations. Our longitudinal focus revealed, firstly, that different roads of fertility expectations lead to childlessness for men. Second, changes in men’s partnership status often precede changes in their fertility expectations. This study is the first to use a prospective design to investigate childless men’s complete reproductive history, revealing that different trajectories of fertility expectations lead to childlessness.
The role of macroalgal habitats as ocean acidification refugia within coastal seascapes
Authors: Edworthy Carla , Steyn Paul-Pierre , James Nicola C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) refers to a global decline in the average pH of seawater driven by the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Marine macroalgae, while affected by this pH change, are also able to modify seawater pH through their own interaction with inorganic carbon in the carbonate system. Through this action, macroalgae-dominated habitats are potential refugia from OA for associated marine species. This review summarises the most prominent literature on the role of macroalgae in OA mitigation and the potential of macroalgal habitats to serve as OA refugia. It includes a brief overview of macroalgal distribution in an effort to illustrate where such refugia might be most prevalent. Macroalgae influence seawater carbonate chemistry through the absorption of CO2 and HCO3− during photosynthesis, raising surrounding seawater pH in the process. This transient effect on seawater chemistry could provide some respite from the negative effects of OA for many marine species. This refuge role varies over a range of scales along with macroalgal architecture, which varies in size from low-growing turfs to large canopy-forming stands. The associated pH changes can range over various temporal (daily and seasonal) and spatial (from centimetre to kilometre) scales. Areas of high macroalgal biomass are likely to play an important role as significant OA refugia. Such communities are distributed widely throughout the globe. Large brown macroalgae (Laminariales) dominated communities are common in temperate regions, while members of the Fucales are responsible for substantial macroalgal stands in warmer tropical regions. These marine fields and forests have great potential to serve as localised refuges from OA. While more work needs to be done to clarify the effect of macroalgal communities on seawater pH on a large scale, such refuge areas could become important considerations for the management of marine resources and in protected area selection.
Trust toward humans and trust toward artificial intelligence are not associated: Initial insights from self-report and neurostructural brain imaging
Authors: Montag Christian , Klugah-Brown Benjamin , Zhou Xinqi , Wernicke Jennifer , Liu Congcong , Kou Juan , Chen Yuanshu , Haas Brian W. , Becker Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present study examines whether self-reported trust in humans and self-reported trust in [(different) products with built-in] artificial intelligence (AI) are associated with one another and with brain structure. We sampled 90 healthy participants who provided self-reported trust in humans and AI and underwent brain structural magnetic resonance imaging assessment. We found that trust in humans, as measured by the trust facet of the personality inventory NEO-PI-R, and trust in AI products, as measured by items assessing attitudes toward AI and by a composite score based on items assessing trust toward products with in-built AI, were not significantly correlated. We also used a concomitant dimensional neuroimaging approach employing a data-driven source-based morphometry (SBM) analysis of gray-matter-density to investigate neurostructural associations with each trust domain. We found that trust in humans was negatively (and significantly) correlated with an SBM component encompassing striato-thalamic and prefrontal regions. We did not observe significant brain structural association with trust in AI. The present findings provide evidence that trust in humans and trust in AI seem to be dissociable constructs. While the personal disposition to trust in humans might be “hardwired” to the brain’s neurostructural architecture (at least from an individual differences perspective), a corresponding significant link for the disposition to trust AI was not observed. These findings represent an initial step toward elucidating how different forms of trust might be processed on the behavioral and brain level.
Heritability of temperature-mediated flower size plasticity in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Andreou Gregory M. , Messer Michaela , Tong Hao , Nikoloski Zoran , Laitinen Roosa A. E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is a heritable trait that provides sessile organisms a strategy to rapidly mitigate negative effects of environmental change. Yet, we have little understanding of the mode of inheritance and genetic architecture of plasticity in different focal traits relevant to agricultural applications. This study builds on our recent discovery of genes controlling temperature-mediated flower size plasticity in Arabidopsis thaliana and focuses on dissecting the mode of inheritance and combining ability of plasticity in the context of plant breeding. We created a full diallel cross using 12 A. thaliana accessions displaying different temperature-mediated flower size plasticities, scored as the fold change between two temperatures. Griffing’s analysis of variance in flower size plasticity indicated that non-additive genetic action shapes this trait and pointed at challenges and opportunities when breeding for reduced plasticity. Our findings provide an outlook of flower size plasticity that is important for developing resilient crops for future climates.
Advanced propulsion controls — a total system view
Authors: Young P. H. 
Published: March 2023

As in many other branches of engineering, progress in propulsion controls has, for the past 30 years, meant the increasing application of electronics.Throughout this period, the whole Aero-Engine Industry has used electronics to perform various limiting functions, particularly in the form of jet-pipe temperature limiters. However, Rolls-Royce and the British Controls Industry are undoubtedly the pioneers in the radical application of electronic technology to the control of aero gas turbines. World-wide, there are still only two aero engines in civil operation today with ‘Full-Authority’ electronic controls. They are:The Rolls-Royce Proteus turboprop which has accumulated seven million hours in the Britannia since its entry into service in 1957. Its pre-transistor Ultra system still uses magnetic amplifiers and has achieved a very high reliability indeed, (in-flight shut-down rate = four per million engine hours).