bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myopic macular Bruch's membrane defects
Authors: Jonas Jost , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra , Jonas Rahul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To examine peculiarities of macular Bruch's membrane defects (BMD) in axially elongated eyes.Methods: Using light microscopy, enucleated human globes were histomorphometrically.Results: The study included 247 eyes (axial length: 20.0–37.0 mm). BMDs were detected in 15 (6.1%) eyes (axial length: 30.6 ± 2.4 mm) (1.9 ± 0.9 BMD/eye with BMDs), located in the macular region in 10 eyes. Mean BMD size was 1.93 ± 1.62 mm (range: 0.22 mm–6.24 mm). Prevalence and size of BMDs were associated with longer axial length (OR: 1.52; p = 0.001) and higher prevalence of scleral staphyloma (OR: 16.3; p < 0.001). BMD width was smaller than the defect width in the overlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer (p = 0.003) and larger than the length of a defect in the overlying inner nuclear layer (0.43 ± 0.76 mm; p = 0.008) and the width of an inner limiting membrane bridge (0.13 ± 0.33 mm; p = 0.001). Choriocapillaris thickness (8.8 ± 5.0 μm vs. 7.9 ± 3.2 μm; p = 0.94), BM thickness (3.1 ± 0.6 μm versus 3.0 ± 0.5 μm; p = 0.43) and RPE cell density (31.6 ± 8.4 cells/480 μm vs. 27.4 ± 8.8 cells/480 μm; p = 0.051) did not differ significantly between the region at the BDM margin and neighbouring regions. The sclera was thinner in the BDM region than in the neighbouring regions (0.28 ± 0.19 mm vs. 0.36 ± 0.13 mm; p = 0.006).Conclusions: BMDs as hallmark of myopic macular degeneration are characterized by a larger defect in the overlying RPE layer, smaller defects in the overlying retinal outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer, localized scleral thinning and an association with scleral staphylomas. Thickness of the choriocapillaris and density of the RPE cell layer, both absent within the BDMs, do not differ between the BMD margin and neighbouring regions. The results suggest an association between BDMs and absolute scotomas, stretching of the overlying retinal nerve fiver layer, an axial elongation‐associated stretching effect as aetiology of the BDMs, and a biomechanical role BM may play.
Hand grip strength and ocular associations: The Ural eye and medical study
Authors: Jonas Jost , Zainullin Rinat , Gilmanshin Timur , Iakupova Ellina , Gyulli M. , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra , Tuliakova Azaliia , Fakhretdinova Albina , Leisan Gilemzyanova , Mukharram Bikbov 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To explore associations between the hand grip strength (HGS) and ocular parameters and diseases.Methods: Participants of the population‐based Ural Eye and Medical Study, including 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years, underwent systemic and ophthalmological examinations including dynamometric HGS measurement.Results: The study included 5381 (90.4%) individuals (age: 58.6 ± 10.6 years; range: 40–94 years) with HGS measurements. Higher HGS (mean: 30.6 ± 11.7 dekaNewton) correlated (multivariable analysis) with better visual acuity (beta: 0.02; p = 0.02), longer ocular axial length (beta: 0.03; p = 0.003), higher intraocular pressure (beta: 0.03; p = 0.001), thicker peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (beta: 0.03; p = 0.001), and lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (beta: −0.03; p = 0.007), after adjusting for younger age, male sex, Russian ethnicity, higher body height and waist‐hip ratio, higher educational level, higher physical total score, lower smoking package years, higher serum concentration of haemoglobin, higher prothrombin index, lower leucocyte cell count, lower prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, lower depression score, and lower arthritis prevalence. In that model, HGS was not correlated with the prevalence of nuclear cataract (p = 0.38), cortical cataract (p = 0.67), subcapsular posterior cataract (p = 0.50), open‐angle glaucoma (p = 0.22), or angle‐closure glaucoma (p = 0.27).Conclusions: In addition to parameters such as lower physical activity, higher depression score and worse general health status, a reduced HGS is associated with visual impairment, shorter axial length, lower intraocular pressure, thicker peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer, and higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. HGS dynamometry or a handshake may give additional clinical information for the ophthalmologist about the general health and ocular parameters of the patient.
Animal model for metabolomic diffusion studies in the eye
Authors: Hiller John Kim , Sandås Elise Mørk , Rootwelt Helge , Vassli Anja Østeby , Utheim Tor Paaske , Moe Morten Carstens , Elgstøen Katja Benedikte Prestø , Petrovski Goran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To explore the diffusion capacities between the anterior and posterior chambers in an ex vivo pig eye model using a mix of isotope‐labelled acylcarnitines with different physical and chemical properties and targeted analysis using mass spectrometry (MS).Methods: Enucleated pig eyes were injected in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye with an acylcarnitine mix (FC‐D3, C2‐D3, C3‐D3, C4‐D3, C8‐D3, FC‐D3, C2‐D3, C3‐D3, C4‐D3, C8‐D3 and C16‐D3 – having an increasing hydrophobicity in that order), then samples were collected from each chamber at 3, 6 and 24 h post‐incubation for further targeted analysis using MS.Results: The acylcarintine concentrations of FC‐D3, C2‐D3, C3‐D3, C4‐D3, C8‐D3 in the posterior chamber after injection in the anterior chamber increased with time, with the largest increase in concentration observed from 6 to 24 h of incubation; C12‐D3 and C16‐D3 seemed to deviate from that pattern. The acylcarnitine concentrations in the anterior chamber after injection in the posterior chamber showed significant decrease in FC‐D3, C2‐D3, C3‐D3, C4‐D3, C8‐D3 and C12‐D3 from 3 to 24 h of incubation, while C16‐D3 – a longer chain molecule, showed an increase in its concentration up to 24 h from injection.Conclusion: We hereby show a distinct diffusion pattern of molecules with different hydrophobicity within and between the anterior and posterior chamber. These results can be useful for optimizing choices and design of therapeutic molecules with higher retaining or depot properties into the two chambers of the eye for future treatment purposes.
Determining subclinical edema in fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: Scheimpflug versus anterior segment‐optical coherence tomography
Authors: Cortez Oliver Dorado , Crouzet Emmanuel , Poinard Sylvain , Gain Philippe , Garcin Thibaud , Okumura Naoki , Koizumi Noriko , Thuret Gilles 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare the capacity of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) and Scheimpflug camera in detecting subclinical corneal edema in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).Methods: 177 eyes of 103 patients with FECD without obvious corneal edema were included and analysed in this single‐center prospective study (NCT03974230). Tomographic analyses were performed successively using Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus) and a swept‐source AS‐OCT (Casia SS‐1000 Tomey). All measurements were performed more than 4 hours after awaking to have a stabilized corneal thickness. The resulting images were analysed by two experienced independent observers. AS‐OCT and Scheimpflug images were analysed independently. The main outcome was the agreement between the ability of the two devices to detect subclinical corneal edema, assessed using inter‐device reliability measured by the Cohen kappa statistic. The criteria for subclinical corneal edema were as follows: the presence of irregular isopachs, displacement of the thinnest point of the cornea, and the presence of posterior surface depression.Results: The agreement between the two devices to detect subclinical corneal edema was high. The inter‐device reliability for loss of parallel isopachs, as measured by the Cohen kappa coefficient, was 0.75; for the displacement of the thinnest point of the cornea, it was 0.65; and for the focal posterior corneal surface depression, it was 0.53. The inter‐device reliability for the detection of subclinical corneal edema was 0.70. Subclinical corneal edema was detected in 77% of cases analysed with both devices.Conclusions: Subclinical corneal edema in patients with FECD can be detected by AS‐OCT as well as by Scheimpflug imaging. Both devices can facilitate surgical decision‐making when evaluating the risk of corneal edema after cataract surgery in eyes with FECD.
A scoping review of three‐dimensional ophthalmic anatomy smartphone applications
Authors: Liu George , Naveed Hasan , Liu Christopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Patient education and understanding has been shown to improve outcomes by enabling engagement. Information relating to ophthalmic disease and surgery is often complex, pertaining to microanatomy of the eye and adnexa. The use of three‐dimensional anatomical models in clinical consultations is one method that can improve patients' understanding of their ophthalmic condition(s) and procedure(s). Our research group surveyed the current app marketspace for virtual smartphone anatomical models that can be readily deployed in any ophthalmic clinic setting for the benefit of patients and clinicians alike.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of Google's ‘Play Store’ and Apple's ‘App Store’ – the two most commonly used app stores – using the key term ‘eye anatomy’. Apps were excluded if they were not related to ophthalmology and if they did not offer a 3D function that could rotate 360°. All relevant apps were evaluated by three parameters: 3D Features, Highlights individual anatomical features, and Cost.Results: The ‘Play Store’ generated 250 results of which 20 were relevant. The ‘App Store’ generated 211 results of which 12 were relevant. Between the ‘Play Store’ and ‘App Store’ there was an overlap of 7 apps. These apps offered a variety of 3D features including 360° rotation, X‐ray and animation modes, and virtual/augmented/mixed reality options. Of the relevant 25 Google and Apple apps, 76% (19/25) offered a function to highlight individual anatomical features. 32% (8/25) of these apps were free and the remaining 68% (17/25) had a price range from £0.89 to £36.62, averaging at £10.36 per app.Conclusions: The availability of medical smartphone applications has proliferated over the past two decades. Whilst there is a wealth of applications available to aid ophthalmology anatomy learning, further improvements and content regulation from specialists is required to maintain a high standard of content. This study is the first to systematically evaluate smartphone apps within the context of ophthalmic anatomy.
The impact of cannabis consumption on visual processing
Authors: Lalonde Melanie , Nguyen Hong‐An , Mostofian Fargol , Karanjia Rustum , Coupland Stuart 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Cannabis is one of the most widely used recreational drug in Canada. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of cannabis consumption on the visual pathway via non‐invasive, objective electrophysiological testing.Methods: Full field electroretinograms (ffERGs) including photopic negative responses (PhNRs), and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded in non‐users (control group) and in cannabis users. International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard clinical protocols were used for all exams. Cannabis users were tested twice: at least 12 h after their last cannabis consumption (chronic group) and 2.5 h following their last consumption (acute group).Results: When comparing the chronic and acute groups via paired t‐tests (n = 15), there was a statistically significant decrease in (1) the scotopic a‐wave amplitude (chronic −139.8 ± 7.4 μV and acute −114.8 ± 6.8 μV; p = 0.03; stimulus 10.0), (2) PhNR amplitude (chronic −32.2 ± 4.8 μV and acute −26.6 ± 3.1 μV; P = 0.01; stimulus 7 cd•s/m2), and the amplitude of the following two VEP parameters (3) N75 (chronic −2.6 ± 0.9 μV and acute −2.0 ± 1.1 μV; p = 0.04; stimulus 30 min), and (4) N135 (chronic −15.0 ± 1.4 μV and acute −12.3 ± 1.2 μV; p = 0.03; stimulus 15 min). PhNR implicit time was statistically significantly increased when comparing the control (63.4 ± 1.5 ms; n = 18) and the acute (69.1 ± 1.9 ms; n = 15) group (p = 0.03; stimulus 7 cd•s/m2). There were no statistically significant changes in ffERGs and VEPs between the control and chronic groups.Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggest that acute use of cannabis temporarily causes a reduction in photoreceptor activity with a downstream decrease in cortical activity. These changes appear to be reversible as there was no difference between the chronic exposure and the control groups.
Repeated measures of coffee and tea consumption in relation to open‐angle glaucoma risk and intraocular pressure regulation
Authors: Vergroesen Joëlle , Voortman Trudy , Klaver Caroline , Ramdas Wishal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Previous studies suggest that caffeine is involved in the pathophysiology of open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) and the regulation of the intraocular pressure (IOP). However, prospective studies with availability of repeated measures on coffee and tea consumption are limited. The purpose of this study is to identify if and to what extent coffee and tea consumption over time is associated with OAG risk and IOP regulation.Methods: Participants of the Rotterdam Study, a longitudinal population‐based cohort study, were regularly monitored for OAG. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected using questionnaires. At baseline, 9731 participants were free of OAG; 8522 were assessed at a second visit; 3916 continued to a third visit; and 1297 participants were seen a fourth time. Over time, 201 participants developed OAG. The association between coffee and tea consumption and OAG or IOP was analysed using generalized estimating equations, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, and follow‐up time. Additional adjustment for lifestyle factors (physical activity, diet quality, and smoking status) or comorbidities (diabetes mellitus and hypertension) was also performed.Results: Neither coffee (Odds ratio [OR] with corresponding 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.06 [0.95; 1.17] per cup [125 g] increase) nor tea (OR [95% CI]: 1.01 [0.92; 1.10] per cup [150 g] increase) consumption was associated with OAG risk. Coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower IOP (beta [95% CI]: −0.03 [−0.06; −0.01] per cup increase). Participants drinking the most coffee (4 cups or more per day) had the largest IOP reduction (beta [95% CI]: −0.28 [−0.54; −0.03]) as compared to non‐users (p‐tend = 0.02). We also found a significant association between tea consumption and lower IOP (beta [95% CI]: −0.05 [−0.08; −0.03] per cup increase). Highest tea consumption (3 cups or more per day) was associated with the largest IOP reduction (beta [95% CI]: −0.26 [−0.40; −0.07]) as compared to non‐users (p‐tend <0.001).Conclusions: Although coffee and tea consumption were not associated with OAG risk, both were associated with significantly lower IOP. Our findings confirm earlier reported associations between coffee and tea consumption and IOP.
Metabolic effects of the retina in a murine model of AD (TgSwDI)
Authors: García‐Bermúdez Mariana Yolotzin , Vohra Rupali , Freude Kristine , Thomsen Maj Schneider , Aldana Blanca Irene , Kolko Miriam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract* Shared co‐author.Purpose: Previous cerebral studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have provided evidence for a neuronal metabolic dysfunction, which precede the cognitive decline. Since the retina is one of the most energy demanding tissues in the body and considered an extension of the brain due to its origin from the neural tissue, we speculate whether dysfunctional energy metabolism is present in AD models. Thus, the aim of the study is to evaluate energy metabolism and tissue survival in retinal explants in a murine model of AD (TgSwDI) during aging.Methods: The 8‐, 12‐, and 24‐month‐old TgSwDI mouse model was compared with age‐matched wild‐type (WT) mice. Tissue survival was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) viability assays of retinal explants at 2, 4 and 24 hours of incubation with culture media. Total ATP levels were quantified by bioluminescence assays to assess energy metabolism in TgSwDI mice.Results: Retinal explant survival was reduced in the TgSwDI model compared to the age‐matched WT model with LDH assay at 8 months. The 8‐month‐old AD TgSwDI mice showed a tendency to decrease in total ATP levels after 2 hours of retinal explant incubation (p = 0.07).Conclusions: Retinal tissue survival is impaired in the TgSwDI model during various ages, and tendencies of decreased retinal ATP levels were established at 8 months, implying disrupted retinal energy metabolism similar to changes observed in the AD brain.
A unique case report of Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada syndrome following COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Lee Vanessa , Zhou Wenting 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To report a case of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada‐like disease (VKH) associated with COVID‐19 vaccination.Methods: Analysis of a single case report in a single tertiary institution.Results: A 48‐year‐old female presented with bilateral progressive blurring of vision 2 days after receiving her first dose of Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine. Clinical examination revealed multiple deep yellow lesions in the posterior pole and multifocal serous retinal detachments. Serological test for infective and autoimmune markers were negative. The patient was started on oral corticosteroids and had resolution of symptoms with near‐total improvement in visual acuity.Conclusions: There have been previous cases of vaccine associated uveitis from reported cases of hepatitis B vaccine, human papilloma virus vaccine and influenza vaccine1,2,3,4,5. The exact mechanism of vaccine‐associated uveitis is currently not clear. In this present case, because of the short time interval between COVID‐19 vaccination and the onset of ocular inflammation in our patient, this raises the possibility that COVID‐19 vaccination may be a possible trigger for VKH.References1. Benage M, Fraunfelder FW. Vaccine‐associated uveitis. Mo Med. 2016; 113(1): 48–52.2. Holt HD, Hinkle DM, Falk NS, Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Human papilloma virus vaccine associated uveitis. Curr Drug Saf 2014; 9(1): 65–8. doi:10.2174/157488631130866600623. Cunningham ET, Jr., Moorthy RS. Vaccine‐Associated Posterior Uveitis. Retina 2020; 40(4): 595–8. doi:10.1097/IAE.00000000000028164. Escott S, Tarabishy AB, Davidorf FH. Multifocal choroiditis following simultaneous hepatitis A, typhoid, and yellow fever vaccination. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7: 363–5. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S374435. Fraunfelder FW, Suhler EB, Fraunfelder FT. Hepatitis B vaccine and uveitis: an emerging hypothesis suggested by review of 32 case reports. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2010; 29(1): 26–9. doi:10.3109/15569520903427717
Acute phase of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: Management in practice
Authors: Choura Racem , Sayadi Jihene , GOUIDER Dhouha , Raihan Haythem , Mekni Manel , Aidi Nourhene , Zeghal Imene , Malek Ines , Nacef Leila 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe current trends in therapeutic modalities to manage acute epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.Methods: We ran a descriptive study of 87 eyes of 61 patients diagnosed with acute epidemic keratoconjunctivitis confirmed by the presence of subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) in the cornea. A clinical score based on a complete biomicroscopic examination, the measurement of visual acuity, the number of subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs), the break‐up‐time, and the value of the Schirmer type 1, has been established to evaluate symptoms.Results: The mean age of the study population was 36 ± 17 years‐old. The treatments taken in the acute phase were either prescribed by a general practitioner (10%) or an ophthalmologist (60%), or taken as self‐medication (30%). None of our patients has received nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory eye drops. Antivirals including ganciclovir were taken by 40% of the study group, artificial tears in 81 eyes (93%), antiseptics in 21% of the cases, and local antibiotics in 46 eyes (53%). The mean clinical score was 4.2 ± 2.6. There was no significant difference in the final clinical score, visual acuity, number of SEIs, break‐up time and Schirmer's value between the groups who instilled ganciclovir, artificial tears, local antibiotics as well as the healing agents and those who did not. Visual acuity was better in patients who did not use antiseptic eye drops.Conclusions: The latest treatment recommended for the acute phase of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis are artificial tears with cold compresses, local povidone‐iodine and ganciclovir. Topical antibiotics are only used in confirmed bacterial superinfection. Our studied sample did not respond much to these recommendations.
The long and short‐‘sightedness’ of BMP3 in eye development
Authors: Findlay Amy , Stanton Chloe , Drake Camilla , Jackson Ian , Vitart Veronique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Following genome‐wide association study for risk factors for retinal detachment, a locus overlapping the BMP3 gene, previously reported to be associated with myopia, was identified and selected for further examination. We prioritized an associated missense plausibly deleterious variant within the BMP3 gene for functional analysis. The BMP signalling pathway has long been implicated in the patterning and development of the eye, but BMP3's role both within this pathway and during eye development and disease is unclear.Methods: The region around the associated missense variant is conserved between human and mouse, and the missense variation was introduced using CRISPR‐cas9 genome editing; loss of function mutations were also produced in the process. Our unit is uniquely equipped to analyse mouse eye phenotypes and using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), electroretinogram (ERG) and Optokinetic Drum (OKD) these mice were comprehensively phenotyped through to adulthood. RNA sequencing analysis was also used in cell lines and in primary mouse tissue to further investigate disrupted signalling pathways and potential downstream targets of Bmp3.Results: OCT of mice showed no gross morphological abnormalities in either mice carrying the missense variant or loss of function mutations. ERG and OKD also showed that retinal function and visual acuity was unaltered in either line. However axial length measurements of adult mice showed a significant increase in length of the eye – indicative of myopia. Transcriptional analysis of two different retinal pigmented epithelial cell lines carrying loss of function mutations have been compared to results obtained from whole eye cups of mutant mice, and we have highlighted potential differences and similarities between the two.Conclusions: Future work is required to assess how much the mouse and human cell line results converge, but our mouse results support a role for a BMP pathway in myopia development.