bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Reactor Automation for Multistep Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Clayton Adam D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReactor automation is revolutionising the way new chemical processes are discovered and developed. Assigning repetitive aspects of chemical synthesis to machines, such as experimental execution and data collection, provides more time for researchers to focus on critical interpretation and creative problem solving. The ability to autonomously prepare late‐stage intermediates and complex products, rather than just simple starting materials, will play a central role in applications such as the efficient exploration of chemical space and responsive manufacturing. However, translating automated technologies from specific single‐step tasks to more general multistep syntheses remains a significant challenge, owing to high structural diversity and chemical/physical interdependencies between the steps. Robotic batch and continuous flow platforms are gradually becoming more universal, providing access to a wider range of chemistries required to achieve autonomous multistep synthesis. Advances in process analytical technologies have enhanced our ability to monitor interconnected reactions in real‐time, thus accelerating data collection and giving greater process control for ensuring a high standard of safety and product quality. Integration of these tools with control software creates a feedback loop, which can be harnessed for adaptive and flexible multistep screening or holistic self‐optimisation. This review presents recent developments in the application of automated reactor technologies for multistep chemical synthesis, including batch and continuous flow platforms. Specifically, this review highlights how the integration of control software with advanced process analytical technologies and machine learning algorithms are accelerating the synthesis of complex molecules.
Current understanding and distinct features of multifocal and multicentric breast cancers
Authors: Avera Elizabeth , Valentic Lilia , Bui Loan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultifocal (MF) and multicentric (MC) breast cancers are referred to as synchronous, multiple ipsilateral breast cancers; however, the definitions vary among the literature, which has made understanding and analyzing these diseases challenging.Recent findingsThe incidence ranges from 1% to 60%, with a higher prevalence in pre‐menopausal women. MF and MC breast cancers, compared with unifocal breast cancers, tend to be more aggressive and are associated with lower survival rates, higher recurrence, and lymph node metastasis. Typically, patients with MF/MC breast cancers are treated with radical surgery, while breast conservation therapy may also be considered. Investigations have focused on elucidating the distinct biological features of MF/MC breast cancers, including the clonality of the cancers, the genetic alterations, and the impact of these features on disease aggressiveness and patient prognosis.ConclusionThese findings will broaden the understanding of these breast cancer subtypes and aid in the development of more tailored treatment plans for patients.
Soliton versus the gas: Fredholm determinants, analysis, and the rapid oscillations behind the kinetic equation
Authors: Girotti Manuela , Grava Tamara , Jenkins Robert , McLaughlin Ken T‐R , Minakov Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe analyse the case of a dense modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) soliton gas and its large time behaviour in the presence of a single trial soliton. We show that the solution can be expressed in terms of Fredholm determinants as well as in terms of a Riemann–Hilbert problem. We then show that the solution can be decomposed as the sum of the background gas solution (a modulated elliptic wave), plus a soliton solution: the individual expressions are however quite convoluted due to the interaction dynamics. Additionally, we are able to derive the local phase shift of the gas after the passage of the soliton, and we can trace the location of the soliton peak as the dynamics evolves. Finally, we show that the soliton peak, while interacting with the soliton gas, has an oscillatory velocity whose leading order average value satisfies the kinetic velocity equation analogous to the one posited by V. Zakharov and G. El.
Tissue‐Specific RNA Localization in the Uterus During Implantation, Decidualization and Placentation: Technical Nuances of Various Labeling Approaches
Authors: Dewar Amanda , Deng Wenbo , Sun Xiaofei , Dey Sudhansu K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn situ hybridization (ISH) is a sensitive method used to localize a specific sequence of DNA or RNA in biological samples, including cells, tissue sections or whole organs. RNA ISH can be used to determine spatial gene expression using a single‐stranded probe with a reverse‐complementary sequence. Cell‐specific gene expression has been studied using mRNA and protein levels. Signals produced by RNA probes are usually more specific than those produced by antibodies in immunostaining. Currently, ISH is the most widely used method to localize mRNA molecules. Traditionally, probes were labeled with radioactive isotopes, but the cumbersome procedures and potential health risk limit their acceptance. Recently, probes labeled with nonradioactive materials including digoxigenin, biotin and various fluorophores have been developed. The tyramide signal amplification system further enhances the sensitivity of detection. These methods have been applied in numerous studies in various tissues including reproductive organs. This article details three methods of RNA in situ hybridization: radioactive in situ hybridization, digoxigenin in situ hybridization, and digoxigenin‐tyramide signal amplification fluorescein in situ hybridization. The pros and cons of each protocol are discussed. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Radioactive in situ hybridization (radioactive‐ISH)Basic Protocol 2: Digoxigenin in situ hybridization (DIG‐ISH)Basic Protocol 3: Digoxigenin‐tyramide signal amplification fluorescein in situ hybridization (DIG‐TSA‐FISH)
The effect of different concentrations and temperatures of sodium hypochlorite irrigation on pain intensity following endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis: A randomized, double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Mokhtari Hadi , Milani Amin Salem , Zand Vahid , Shakuie Sahar , Nazari Leila 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the severity of pain after endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis following the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at different temperatures and concentrations.MethodsIn this randomized, controlled clinical trial, 72 patients with mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly assigned to six groups. The teeth were anesthetized and the root canals were prepared. During the instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with NaOCl solution at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% and temperatures of 2.5°C, 22°C, and 40°C, 2.5°C were achieved through cryotherapy. Assessment of pain was conducted before, immediately after, and 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. After obturation, the patients recorded their pain intensity at different time intervals on the visual analog scale (VAS) and reported the number of analgesics tablets they used. The frequency of analgesics tablets and their effect on pain sensation was recorded in the second part of the form. Repeated measures two‐way analysis of variance test was used to compare the trend of pain changes over time between two intervals of time in each group. Friedman's nonparametric test was used to compare the intragroup mean score of pain over time and Kruskal–Wallis for comparing the intergroup mean score.ResultsChanges in VAS pain scores of all the groups were significant over time (p < .001). Pain in all the groups decreased immediately after treatment and increased 3 h after treatment. There were no significant differences in pain ratings and the number of analgesics tablets used in the groups of NaOCl with different concentrations and temperatures over time.ConclusionsWithin the study's limitations, we concluded that there was no significant difference between concentrations of 0.5%, and 1% and temperatures of 2.5°C, 22°C, and 40°C in pain intensity following endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.
Genetic mapping of the Rcs2 locus in soybean cultivar Kent for resistance to frogeye leaf spot
Authors: McDonald Samuel C. , Buck James W. , Li Zenglu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe fungal disease frogeye leaf spot (FLS) can reduce yield up to 30% in susceptible soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr] cultivars. The Rcs2 locus in the cultivar Kent provides resistance to all the named Cercospora sojina races currently found in the United States; however, this locus for resistance to FLS has not been molecularly mapped yet. F2:3 and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from a cross of Forrest × Kent were phenotyped in greenhouse assays with isolate S23 of C. sojina, and reactions were determined using a visual estimate of disease severity. A bulked segregant analysis and linkage mapping with Kompetitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) markers in the F2:3 population located the Rcs2 locus on chromosome 11. The locus was mapped in the RIL population derived from the same pedigree and refined to a 336 kb interval by evaluating recombination break points in the RILs. This region contains 31 gene models, and Kent has polymorphisms in 11 of these genes and/or promoter regions of the Williams82.a2.v1 genome. The Rcs2 locus and linked markers reported will be useful in marker‐assisted selection for FLS resistance. This research will also guide future efforts to understand the landscape of FLS resistance in United States soybean germplasm and to discover the causal genes for Rcs2 resistance.
Curriculum as invader: Normalising white place in the Australian curriculum
Authors: Smith Bryan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurriculum, as a policy and way of moving through educational experience, is entwined with an ongoing history of invasion in Australia and similar invader‐colonial contexts. As a result of this, the conceptual foundations of curriculum in Australia reproduce colonial epistemologies as normative modes of knowing and consideration. One way of seeing how this is possible and easily reproduced is through a consideration of how renderings and representations of “place” – the complex entanglements of lands, histories, and identit(y/ies) – mediate both how (a) invasion can be normalised as a historical, geographic, and political “placial” reality, and (b) students and teachers might experience education in and of place. Indeed, “place” is a central guiding concept in official curriculum policy just as much as place is an experienced curriculum both within the school and in the broader world. In this respect, this paper looks to unpack how the concept of place is represented in curriculum policy and the attendant assumptions and implicit discourses that this (re)produces about the experiences of people in/of invaded place. Through a look at the coming revision to the Humanities and Social Science's learning area of the Australian Curriculum, I look to how the curriculum as policy frames place as synonymous with invader place epistemically and how this mediates what students can know and themselves feel about the embodied experience of learning about/in/of place.
Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity in kidney fibrosis
Authors: Hadpech Sudarat , Thongboonkerd Visith 
Published: June 2023

SummaryEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process contributing to kidney fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. This process is characterized by decreased epithelial phenotypes/markers and increased mesenchymal phenotypes/markers. Tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are commonly susceptible to EMT by various stimuli, for example, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), cellular communication network factor 2, angiotensin‐II, fibroblast growth factor‐2, oncostatin M, matrix metalloproteinase‐2, tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA), plasmin, interleukin‐1β, and reactive oxygen species. Similarly, glomerular podocytes can undergo EMT via these stimuli and by high glucose condition in diabetic kidney disease. EMT of TECs and podocytes leads to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, respectively. Signaling pathways involved in EMT‐mediated kidney fibrosis are diverse and complex. TGF‐β1/Smad and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways are the major venues triggering EMT in TECs and podocytes. These two pathways thus serve as the major therapeutic targets against EMT‐mediated kidney fibrosis. To date, a number of EMT inhibitors have been identified and characterized. As expected, the majority of these EMT inhibitors affect TGF‐β1/Smad and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways. In addition to kidney fibrosis, these EMT‐targeted antifibrotic inhibitors are expected to be effective for treatment against fibrosis in other organs/tissues.
Weight‐based discrimination and disordered eating behaviors in a cohort of U.S. sexual minority young adults
Authors: Gordon Allegra R. , Egan Kelsey A. , Wang Monica L. , Ziyadeh Najat J. , Kenney Erica L. , Rosario Margaret , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThough prevalent, weight‐based discrimination is understudied and has been linked to disordered eating behaviors (DEB) among adolescents and adults. Sexual minority populations experience elevated risk of DEB, but little is known about the role of weight discrimination in this elevated risk.MethodsParticipants were 1257 sexual minority women and men (ages 18–31 years) in the US Growing Up Today Study cohort. We examined cross‐sectional associations between weight discrimination victimization and three DEB in the past year: unhealthy weight control behaviors, overeating, and binge eating. Generalized estimating equations, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThree in 10 participants (31%) reported weight‐based discrimination victimization. Sexual minority young adults who reported weight‐based discrimination had greater relative prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviors (PR [95% CI]: 1.92 [1.35, 2.74]), overeating (3.15 [2.24, 4.44]), and binge eating (3.92 [2.51, 6.13]), compared with those who reported no weight‐based discrimination. Associations with overeating and binge eating remained significant after adjusting for BMI.DiscussionThe role of weight‐based discrimination, and its intersections with other forms of stressors for sexual minority young adults, must be included in efforts to advance eating disorder prevention for this underserved population.Public SignificanceThree in 10 sexual minority young adults in this study had experienced weight‐based discrimination, a common but understudied form of discrimination. Sexual minority young adults who experienced weight‐based discrimination were at greater risk of disordered eating behaviors than those who had not experienced weight‐based discrimination. These findings suggest that weight‐based discrimination may be an important—and preventable—risk factor for disordered eating behaviors among sexual minority young adults.
Unequivocally large, but not enormous: An examination of the nutritional content of objective and subjective binge‐eating episodes using ecological momentary assessment data
Authors: Presseller Emily K. , Karbassi Nikoo , Gian Christina , Juarascio Adrienne S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared the macronutrient profiles of subjective binge‐eating episodes (SBEs), objective binge‐eating episodes (OBEs), and typical eating episodes.MethodTwenty‐one adults with binge eating completed ecological momentary assessment of all eating episodes for 2 weeks, including detailed monitoring of food types and portions. Binge‐eating episodes (N = 237) were coded as OBEs (n = 76) or SBEs (n = 161). Calories and macronutrients were computed using manufacturer information and USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Multilevel regression models compared the eating episode types on caloric and macronutrient content.ResultsOBEs contained an average of 121.5 (95.1) g fat, 363.7 (289.1) g carbohydrates, 65.2 (38.2) g protein, 20.9 (16.4) g fiber, and 2856.2 (1869.2) calories. SBEs contained 31.6 (30.5) g fat, 76.5 (54.0) g carbohydrates, 20.5 (21.6) g protein, 5.3 (5.9) g fiber, and 695.1 (505.9) calories. Although OBEs contained significantly more calories and grams of all macronutrients than SBEs (p < .001), the macronutrient proportions of OBEs and SBEs did not differ. The proportions of carbohydrates (p = .005) and protein (p < .001) in SBEs significantly differed from typical eating episodes.DiscussionOur findings offer preliminary evidence that OBEs and SBEs are more comparable in macronutrient profile than typical eating episodes.Public Significance StatementThe present study compared the calories and grams of macronutrients in objectively large binge‐eating episodes, subjectively large binge‐eating episodes, and typical meals and snacks. Results suggest that objectively and subjectively large binge‐eating episodes demonstrate similar profiles of macronutrients, which are different from the macronutrient profile of meals and snacks. These results may help the eating disorder field better study the impact of subjectively large binge‐eating episodes.
Moderate recreational oyster harvest has variable impacts on biophysical properties of reefs and reef‐associated fauna
Authors: Dunn Robert P. , Pelton Mary M. , Doll Lillian G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the popularity of recreational fishing, our understanding of the impacts of this type of harvest within marine ecosystems generally lags behind the well‐documented effects of commercial fisheries. Intertidal oysters serve as ecosystem engineers within otherwise soft‐bottom estuaries but may be disproportionately susceptible to harvest because of their sessile nature and accessibility at low tide. We used a Before–After–Control–Impact design to investigate the effects of recreational oyster “picking” on the physical structure provided by reefs and the community of reef‐associated mobile fauna. Despite reductions in oyster density on harvested reefs following the fishing season, we did not observe changes in other biophysical properties of reefs. Similarly, we found variable impacts of oyster harvest on the community of reef‐associated fauna, with community diversity changing seasonally on closed reefs but remaining low throughout on harvested reefs. Direct relationships between change in oyster density through time and changes in reef rugosity, faunal diversity, and faunal density were also variable. While oyster harvest removes the physical structure provided by these foundation species, the level of recreational harvest currently occurring in our study system apparently does not exceed the threshold which leads to cascading changes in reef‐associated fauna.
Efficient optimal seismic design method of passive energy dissipation systems based on the inelasticity‐separated finite element method
Authors: Yu Ding‐Hao , Luo Rui , Li Gang , Zhai Zi‐Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInstalling passive energy dissipation dampers in the main structure is an effective way to reduce structural seismic response. The traditional optimal design of passive energy dissipation systems requires a massive nonlinear time history analysis, which is an extremely inefficient process and, as a result, limits its application in practice. In this paper, an efficient optimal design method for dampers is proposed based on the inelasticity‐separated finite element method (IS‐FEM) and genetic algorithm. The IS‐FEM is a novel efficient structural nonlinear analysis method that can avoid the real‐time updating and decomposition of the structural global stiffness matrix in a traditional structure analysis and only requires a small‐scale Schur complementary matrix representing local nonlinear behavior being decomposed per iteration. To make the IS‐FEM available for the analysis of structures equipped with an energy dissipation system, the inelasticity‐separated governing equations of displacement‐based dampers are derived first. Then, an improved constrained optimal genetic algorithm based on population feasibility is presented to enhance the searching ability near the feasible domain boundary. Finally, an efficient damper optimization design method is proposed by combining the developed genetic algorithm with the proposed IS‐FEM‐based analysis procedure for passive energy dissipation structures. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by designing a set of metallic yield dampers to retrofit a steel structure.
The cost‐effectiveness of dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction: A European health‐economic analysis of the DELIVER trial
Authors: Booth David , Davis Jason A. , McEwan Phil , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. , De Boer Rudolf A. , Comin‐Colet Josep , Bachus Erasmus , Chen Jieling 
Published: June 2023

AimsTo determine the cost‐effectiveness of dapagliflozin, added to usual care, in patients with heart failure (HF) with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction for the UK, German and Spanish payers using detailed patient‐level data from the Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure (DELIVER) trial.Methods and resultsA lifetime Markov state‐transition cohort model was developed. Quartiles of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (KCCQ‐TSS) defined health states and monthly transition count data informed transition probabilities. Multivariable generalized estimating equations captured the incidence of HF hospitalizations and urgent HF visits, while cardiovascular deaths and all‐cause mortality were estimated using adjusted parametric survival models. Health state costs were assigned to KCCQ‐TSS quartiles (2021 British pound [GBP]/Euro) and patient‐reported outcomes were sourced from DELIVER. Future values of costs and effects were discounted according to country‐specific rates. In the UK, dapagliflozin treatment was predicted to increase quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and life‐years by 0.231 and 0.354, respectively, and extend the time spent in the best quartile of KCCQ‐TSS by 4.2 months. Comparable outcomes were projected for Germany and Spain. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were £7761, €9540 and €5343/QALY in the UK, Germany and Spain, respectively. According to regional willingness‐to‐pay thresholds, 91%, 89% and 92% of simulations in the UK, Germany and Spain, respectively, were cost‐effective following probabilistic sensitivity analyses.ConclusionDapagliflozin, added to usual care, is very likely cost‐effective for HF with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction in several European countries.