bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart failure patients with or without isolated or combined mitral and tricuspid regurgitation: An analysis from the ESC‐HFA Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Adamo Marianna , Chioncel Ovidiu , Benson Lina , Shahim Bahira , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Anker Stefan D. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Lainscak Mitja , McDonagh Theresa , Mebazaa Alexander , Piepoli Massimo F. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Ruschitzka Frank , Savarese Gianluigi , Seferovic Petar , Shahim Angiza , Popescu Bogdan A. , Iung Bernard , Volterrani Maurizio , Maggioni Aldo P. , Metra Marco , Lund Lars H. 
Published: June 2023

AimMitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) are common in patients with heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with or without isolated or combined MR and TR across the entire HF spectrum.Methods and resultsThe ESC‐HFA EORP HF Long‐Term Registry is a prospective, multicentre, observational study including patients with HF and 1‐year follow‐up data. Outpatients without aortic valve disease were included and stratified according to isolated or combined moderate/severe MR and TR. Among 11 298 patients, 7541 (67%) had no MR/TR, 1931 (17%) isolated MR, 616 (5.5%) isolated TR and 1210 (11%) combined MR/TR. Baseline characteristics were differently distributed across MR/TR categories. Compared to HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction was associated with a lower risk of isolated MR (odds ratio [OR] 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.80), and distinctly lower risk of combined MR/TR (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.41–0.62). HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was associated with a distinctly lower risk of isolated MR (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.36–0.49), and combined MR/TR (OR 0.59; 95% 0.50–0.70), but a distinctly increased risk of isolated TR (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.61–2.33). All‐cause death, cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization and combined outcomes occurred more frequently in combined MR/TR, isolated TR and isolated MR versus no MR/TR. The highest incident rates were observed in isolated TR and combined MR/TR.ConclusionIn a large cohort of outpatients with HF, prevalence of isolated and combined MR and TR was relatively high. Isolated TR was driven by HFpEF and was burdened by an unexpectedly poor outcome.
Rapid translocation of intracellular toll‐like receptors depends on endosomal NADPH oxidase
Authors: Müller‐Calleja Nadine , Hollerbach Anne , Canisius Antje , Orning Carolin , Strand Susanne , Lackner Karl J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndosomal toll‐like receptors (TLRs) must be translocated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the endosome and proteolytically cleaved within the endosome before they can induce cellular signals. As ligands for these TLRs are also liberated from apoptotic or necrotic cells, this process is controlled by several mechanisms which shall ensure that there is no inadvertent activation. We have shown previously that antiphospholipid antibodies induce endosomal NADPH‐oxidase (NOX) followed by the translocation of TLR7/8 to the endosome. We show now that endosomal NOX is required for the rapid translocation of TLR3, TLR7/8, and TLR9. Deficiency of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of NOX2, or inhibition of endosomal NOX by the chloride channel blocker niflumic acid both prevent immediate (i.e., within 30 min) translocation of these TLRs as shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Under these conditions, the induction of mRNA synthesis for TNF‐α and secretion of TNF‐α is delayed by approx. 6–9 h. However, maximal expression of TNF‐α mRNA or secretion of TNF‐α is not significantly reduced. In conclusion, these data add NOX2 as another component involved in the orchestration of cellular responses to ligands of endosomal TLRs.
The functional adaptation of effector Foxp3+ regulatory T cells to pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Alvarez Fernando , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring infections, the timings of effector differentiation of pulmonary immune responses are of paramount importance, as pathogen persistence and unsuppressed inflammation can rapidly lead to a loss of function, increased frailty, and death. Thus, both an efficient clearance of the danger and a rapid resolution of inflammation are critical to host survival. We now know that tissue‐localized FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, are highly attuned to the type of immune response, acquiring unique phenotypic characteristics that allow them to adapt their suppressive functions with the nature of inflammatory cells. To achieve this, activated effector TREG cells acquire specialized TH1, TH2, and TH17‐like characteristics that allow them to migrate, survive, and time their function(s) through refined mechanisms. Herein, we describe how this process requires a unique developmental path that includes the acquisition of master transcription factors and the expression of receptors adapted to sense local danger signals that are found during pulmonary inflammation. In turn, we offer an overview of how these characteristics promote the capacity of local effector TREG cells to proliferate, survive, and display suppressive strategies to resolve lung injury.
Methane conversion to H2 and carbon nanofibers over supported Ni catalysts: A sustainable process through utilization of deactivated catalysts
Authors: Manda Kalpana , Kandula Manasa , Aytam Padmasri Hari , Basak Pratyay , Sarma Akella V. S. , Akula Venugopal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe renewable resource such as rice husk has been utilized to synthesize Hβ zeolite as a support for Ni catalysts for the production of clean hydrogen and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by CH4 cracking at 550°C without any CO or CO2 formation. Hydrogen production rates and area of surface Ni are in good correlation, implying the optimum Ni loading of 25 wt % that demonstrated better hydrogen yields and CNFs. The electrochemical properties of the deactivated catalysts indicated that they were near semiconducting in nature, showing future prospects as carbon electrode materials. The physicochemical characteristics of the fresh, reduced, and used catalysts were rationalized by BET surface area, p‐X‐ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction using H2, SEM, TEM, H2‐pulse chemisorption, and Raman spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with hydrogen rates.
NovelHNRNPM::LEUTXfusion resulting from chromothripsis of chromosome 19 in a pediatric undifferentiated small round cell neoplasm
Authors: Furtado Larissa V. , Santiago Teresa , Shi Zonggao , Wang Lu , Liu Yen‐Chun , Gartrell Jessica , Ruiz Robert E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSmall round cell neoplasms comprise a diverse group of tumors characterized by a primitive/undifferentiated appearance. Although several entities are associated with recurrent gene fusions, many of these neoplasms have not been fully characterized, and novel molecular alterations are being discovered. Here, we report an undifferentiated small round cell neoplasm arising in the anterior mediastinum of a 17‐month‐old female. The tumor harbored a novelHNRNPM::LEUTXfusion resulting from chromothripsis of chromosome 19, which was identified by whole transcriptome sequencing, but not by targeted sequencing. The structural variations caused by the chromothripsis event also challenged the interpretation of the targeted sequencing findings. This report expands the spectrum of gene partners involved inLEUTXfusions and underscores the value of whole transcriptome sequencing in the diagnostic workup of undifferentiated small round cell tumors. It also highlights the interpretive challenges associated with complex genomic alterations. A careful evidence‐based analysis of sequencing data along with histopathologic correlation is essential to ensure correct categorization of fusions.
A case of prostatic metastasis from non‐seminomatous testicular cancer
Authors: Noda Taisho , Fujisaki Akira , Uchida Kosuke , Iijima Heisuke , Hakamata Yasuhiro , Kanda Yuka , Imai Shin , Otsuki Yoshiro , Yoneda Tatsuaki 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionProstatic metastasis from testicular cancer is extremely rare, with only 10 reported cases, all of which were diagnosed as relapse. Herein, we report the case of a patient with concurrent testicular cancer and prostatic metastasis.Case presentationA 57‐year‐old man presented at our emergency department with urinary retention. A painless mass was found in the right scrotum, and computed tomography showed lung, mediastinal, and liver metastases, and an enlarged prostate. Tumor markers were measured in 2057 U/L lactate dehydrogenase, 2460 mIU/mL human chorionic gonadotrophin, 1303 ng/mL alpha‐fetoprotein, and 1.51 ng/mL prostate specific antigen. An orchiectomy and biopsy were performed; the pathological results showed immature teratomas, embryonal carcinomas, choriocarcinomas, and seminomas in the testis, and embryonal carcinomas in the prostate, liver, and mediastinum. The patient refused chemotherapy and died 3 months following diagnosis.ConclusionProstatic metastasis should be considered in cases of dysuria or prostate enlargement in testicular cancers.
Opportunistic CT Screening—Machine Learning Algorithm Identifies Majority of Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Cohort Study
Authors: Page John H , Moser Franklin G , Maya Marcel M , Prasad Ravi , Pressman Barry D 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTVertebral compression fractures (VCF) are common in patients older than 50 years but are often undiagnosed. Zebra Medical Imaging developed a VCF detection algorithm, with machine learning, to detect VCFs from CT images of the chest and/or abdomen/pelvis. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the algorithm in identifying VCF. We conducted a blinded validation study to estimate the operating characteristics of the algorithm in identifying VCFs using previously completed CT scans from 1200 women and men aged 50 years and older at a tertiary‐care center. Each scan was independently evaluated by two of three neuroradiologists to identify and grade VCF. Disagreements were resolved by a senior neuroradiologist. The algorithm evaluated the CT scans in a separate workstream. The VCF algorithm was not able to evaluate CT scans for 113 participants. Of the remaining 1087 study participants, 588 (54%) were women. Median age was 73 years (range 51–102 years; interquartile range 66–81). For the 1087 algorithm‐evaluated participants, the sensitivity and specificity of the VCF algorithm in diagnosing any VCF were 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.72) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.88–0.92), respectively, and for diagnosing moderate/severe VCF were 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.85) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.85–0.89), respectively. Implementing this VCF algorithm within radiology systems may help to identify patients at increased fracture risk and could support the diagnosis of osteoporosis and facilitate appropriate therapy. © 2023 Amgen, Inc. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sperm ultrastructure of Pycnoderes incurvus (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Rezende Paulo Henrique , Dias Glenda , Folly Camila , Lino‐Neto José 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe sperm morphology can provide helpful information about sexual selection, phylogeny, and the evolutionary history of a given animal group. However, there is limited or no knowledge of many taxa, especially those belonging to insects, a vast and highly diverse group. An example is the Miridae, or plant bugs, which belong to the infraorder Cimicomorpha (Heteroptera), where only three out of 17 families have published data on their sperm morphology. Here we described the Miridae sperm structure by analyzing Pycnoderes incurvus sperm under light and transmission electron microscopy. In this species, the spermatozoa were as long and slender as those of most insects. However, the anterior‐most region was twisted, a characteristic first reported for Heteroptera. The acrosome was coated with electron‐dense material, most likely extra‐acrosomal. The centriole adjunct was a notably long, cylindrical and compact structure connecting the nucleus to the flagellar elements, with just clove‐like electron‐lucent points in cross‐section, also features unique to Miridae so far. The flagella exhibited an axoneme of 9 + 9 + 2 microtubules and two symmetrical mitochondrial derivatives. The latter two partially embrace the axoneme, and each exhibits two paracrystalline areas and a bridge connecting it to the axoneme; these are considered Heteroptera synapomorphies that support their monophyly.Research Highlights
The P. incurvus sperm showed a twisted acrosome, the first reported for Heteroptera.
The centriolar adjunct is a sole structure linking the nucleus and flagellum.
The flagella presented the synapomorphies supporting Heteroptera monophyly.
In Vivo Microstructure Imaging in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using the Random Walk With Barriers Model
Authors: Cao Yue , Davarani Siamak Nejad , You Daekeun , Feiweier Thorsten , Casper Keith , Balis Ulysses , Udager Aaron , Balter James , Mierzwa Michelle 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundApparent diffusion coefficient is not specifically sensitive to tumor microstructure and therapy‐induced cellular changes.PurposeTo investigate time‐dependent diffusion imaging with the short‐time‐limit random walk with barriers model (STL‐RWBM) for quantifying microstructure parameters and early cancer cellular response to therapy.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐seven patients (median age of 58 years and 7.4% of females) with p16+/p16− oropharyngeal/oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC/OCSCC) underwent MRI scans before therapy, of which 16 patients had second scans at 2 weeks of the 7‐weeks chemoradiation therapy (CRT).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, diffusion sequence with oscillating gradient spine echo (OGSE) and pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE).AssessmentDiffusion weighted images were acquired using OGSE and PGSE. Effective diffusion times were derived for the STL‐RWBM to estimate free diffusion coefficient D0, volume‐to‐surface area ratio of cellular membranes V/S, and cell membrane permeability κ. Mean values of these parameters were calculated in tumor volumes.Statistical TestsTumor microstructure parameters were compared with clinical stages of p16+ I‐II OPSCC, p16+ III OPSCC, and p16− IV OCSCC by Spearman's rank correlation and with digital pathological analysis of a resected tissue sample. Tumor microstructure parameter responses during CRT in the 16 patients were assessed by paired t‐tests. A P‐value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe derived effective diffusion times affected estimated values of V/S and κ by 40%. The tumor V/S values were significantly correlated with clinical stages (r = 0.47) as an increase from low to high clinical stages. The in vivo estimated cell size agreed with one from pathological analysis of a tissue sample. Early tumor cellular responses showed a significant increase in D0 (14%, P = 0.03) and non‐significant increases in κ (56%, P = 0.6) and V/S (10%, P = 0.1).Data ConclusionEffective diffusion time estimation might impact microstructure parameter estimation. The tumor V/S was correlated with OPSCC/OCSCC clinical stages.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Comparative efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir for COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Amani Bahman , Akbarzadeh Arash , Amani Behnam , Shabestan Rouhollah , Khorramnia Saeed , Navidi Zia , Rajabkhah Kourosh , Kardanmoghadam Vida 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) with molnupiravir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). To end this, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to collect relevant evidence up to February 15, 2023. The risk of bias was evaluated using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software. Eighteen studies involving 57 659 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis showed a significant difference between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir in terms of all‐cause mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.67), all‐cause hospitalization rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54–0.69), death or hospitalization rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38–0.99), and negative polymerase chain reaction conversion time (mean difference = −1.55, 95% CI: −1.74 to −1.37). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of COVID‐19 rebound (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.71–1.07). In terms of safety, although the incidence of any adverse events was higher in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir group (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.57–4.06), no significant difference was observed between the two treatments in terms of adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.69–2.00). The present meta‐analysis demonstrated the significant superiority of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir over molnupiravir in improving clinical efficacy in COVID‐19 patients during the prevalence of Omicron variant. These findings, however, need to be further confirmed.
Combined effects of high atrial septal pacing and reactive atrial antitachycardia pacing for reducing atrial fibrillation in sick sinus syndrome
Authors: Sumiyoshi Hironobu , Tasaka Hiroshi , Yoshida Kenta , Yoshino Mitsuru , Kadota Kazushige 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether atrial fibrillation (AF) burden varies by pacing site in patients with reactive atrial antitachycardia pacing (rATP). We aimed to compare AF burden in patients with high atrial septal pacing (HASp) via delivery catheter and right atrial appendage pacing (RAAp) in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS).MethodsWe retrospectively identified 109 patients with a history of paroxysmal AF and SSS who had received dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation between January 2017 and December 2019, of whom 39 and 70 patients had HASp and RAAp, respectively. rATP was initiated after a 1‐month post‐implantation run‐in period.ResultsPatients with HASp had a significantly shorter P‐wave duration during atrial pacing than those with RAAp (99.3 ± 10.4 vs. 116.0 ± 14.3 ms, p < .001). During the 3‐year follow‐up period, the incidence of an AF lasting longer than 1 or 7 days was significantly lower (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; p = .016; HR, 0.24; p = .004) than in those with RAAp. The median time of AF/AT per day in the follow‐up periods was significantly shorter in the HASp group than in the RAAp group (10 vs. 18 min/day, p = .018). Atrial lead division did not occur in the HASp group during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsHASp via delivery catheter is as safe as RAAp, and HASp combined with rATP is effective for reducing AF burden in patients with SSS and paroxysmal AF.
Warming trends of southwestern Atlantic SST and the summer's warmest SST's impact on South American climate
Authors: Vasconcellos Fernanda Cerqueira , de Souza Juan Neres , Dereczynski Claudine Pereira , Luiz‐Silva Wanderson , da Silva Fabricio Polifke , Parise Claudia Klose 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeveral atmospheric variables are directly influenced by oceanic conditions, mainly the sea surface temperature (SST). SST trends and variability over the southwestern Atlantic (SWA) have affected the South American climate, principally the monsoonal period (austral summer). This study analysed the SST trends over the SWA for all seasons. In addition, possible large‐scale triggers of the austral summer's warmest SST over the SWA and the straight impacts of these warmest SSTs on the South American climate were investigated. The results showed a significant positive SST trend of approximately 0.02°C·year−1 over the SWA for all seasons. Since 2000, positive SST anomalies have increased in frequency in all seasons, with the seven warmest summers occurring during the 2010s. The highest SST summers over the SWA have been related to four leading causes: (i) planetary waves triggered by warm anomalies over the subtropical South Pacific; (ii) an omega‐type blocking configuration over the South Atlantic; (iii) a Southern Annular Mode positive phase; and (iv) a strengthening of the Hadley Cell, responding to warm SST over tropical North Atlantic. They all reflected on intensification of the South Atlantic Subtropical High and the western boundary current, heating the SWA. The summer's warmest SST led to positive air temperature anomalies extending in almost all of eastern South America, with significantly highest temperatures over southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina and western Paraguay. Clouds decrease strengthen the incident shortwave in southeastern Brazil, warming the region. Significant reduction of cloudiness and precipitation indicate a low performance of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. The comparison of the warmest summers in 1980s–1990s in the SWA ratified the role of SST intensification. In conclusion, the positive SST trends over the SWA are related to the summer's warmest SST after 2000s, causing heating and dryness in eastern South America, mainly over southeastern Brazil.
Quantitative Measurement of Pharyngeal Dimensions During Drug‐induced Sleep Endoscopy for Oral Appliance Outcome
Authors: Van den Bossche Karlien , Van de Perck Eli , Vroegop Anneclaire V. , Verbraecken Johan A. , Braem Marc J. , Dieltjens Marijke , Op de Beeck Sara , Vanderveken Olivier M. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo quantitatively investigate the effect of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) on pharyngeal airway dimensions in a transverse plane as measured during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).MethodsData from 56 patients, treated with MAD at 75% maximal protrusion and with baseline Apnea‐Hypopnea Index ≥10 events/h, were analyzed. For each patient, three snapshots were selected from DISE video footage at baseline, with MAD presence, and during chin lift, resulting in 498 images (168/168/162, baseline/MAD/chin lift). Cross‐sectional areas, anteroposterior (AP) and laterolateral (LL) dimensions on both retroglossal and retro‐epiglottic levels were measured. To define the effect of MAD and chin lift on pharyngeal dimensions, linear mixed‐effect models were built. Associations between MAD treatment response and pharyngeal expansion (MAD/chin lift) were determined.ResultsSignificant differences were found between retroglossal cross‐sectional areas, AP, and LL dimensions at baseline and with MAD presence. At a retro‐epiglottic level, only LL dimensions differed significantly with MAD presence compared to baseline, with significant relation of LL expansion ratio to treatment response (p = 0.0176). After adjusting the response definition for the sleeping position, greater retroglossal expansion ratios were seen in responders (1.32 ± 0.48) compared to non‐responders (1.11 ± 0.32) (p = 0.0441). No significant association was found between response and pharyngeal expansion by chin lift.ConclusionOur observations highlight the additional value of quantitative pharyngeal airway measurements during DISE with MAD presence in evaluating MAD treatment outcome. These findings demonstrate an increase in retroglossal airway dimensions during DISE, with MAD presence, and more pronounced increase in retroglossal expansion ratios in MAD treatment responders compared to non‐responders after sleeping position correction.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3619–3627, 2023