bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble Machine Learning Prediction of Hyperuricemia Based on a Prospective Health Checkup Population
Authors: Zhang Yongsheng , Lv Haoyue , Li Delin , Zhang Guang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
An accurate prediction model for hyperuricemia (HUA) is urgently needed. This study aimed to develop a stacking ensemble prediction model for the risk of hyperuricemia and to identify the contributing risk factors.
Methods
A prospective health checkup cohort of 40899 subjects was examined and randomly divided into the training and validation sets with the ratio of 7:3, and then the ROSE sampling technique was used to handle the imbalanced classes. LASSO regression was employed to screen out important predicting features. An ensemble model using stacking strategy was constructed based on three individual models, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree C5.0 (C5.0), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Model validations were conducted using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the calibration curve, as well as metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and F1 score on both the validation set and the extra-validation set. The iBreakdown algorithm was used to illustrate the black-box nature of our ensemble model, and to identify contributing risk factors.
Results
Fifteen important features were screened out of 23 clinical variables. Our stacking ensemble model with an AUC of 0.854, outperformed the other three models, SVM, C5.0, and XGBoost with AUCs of 0.848, 0.851 and 0.849 respectively. Calibration accuracy as well as other metrics including accuracy, specificity, NPV, and F1 score were also proved our ensemble model’s superiority over the other three models. The contributing risk factors were estimated using six randomly selected subjects, which showed that being female and relatively younger, together with having higher BUA, BMI, GGT, TP, TG, Cr, and FBG values can increase the risk of HUA. To further validate our model’s applicability in the health checkup population, we used another cohort of 8559 subjects that also showed our ensemble prediction model had favorable performances with an AUC of 0.846.
Conclusions
In this study, the stacking ensemble prediction model for the risk of HUA was developed, which outperformed the individual machine-learning models that compose it, and the contributing risk factors were identified with insightful ideas.
Effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on parameters of glucose metabolism and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nagayama Daiji , Kawana Hidetoshi , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Horikawa Osamu , Ohira Masahiro , Shirai Kohji , Saiki Atsuhito 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are the most frequently used first-line agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Japan. This study aimed to examine the effects of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on glucose metabolism and arterial stiffness.
Methods
Twenty treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (8 males and 12 females) received vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily for 6 months. Self-monitored blood glucose measurements and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed during the study. Systemic arterial stiffness was assessed using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI).
Results
After 6 months of vildagliptin treatment, a significant decrease in median HbA1c (from 8.3 to 6.4%, p < 0.001) and γ-GTP (from 25 to 19 IU/L, p < 0.001), an increase in fasting HOMA-β (from 26.1 to 34.5%, p = 0.013), and a marginally significant decrease in CAVI (from 8.9 to 8.4, p = 0.087) were observed. The glycemic variability parameters also improved, whereas insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress remained unchanged. Participants with lower glycemic variability in the 75-g OGTT after 6 months of vildagliptin treatment showed a significant decrease in CAVI. The baseline BMI was significantly higher in participants with decreased CAVI than in those with no change in CAVI (24.5 vs. 20.8 kg/m2, p = 0.047).
Conclusions
After 6 months of vildagliptin treatment, glucose metabolism parameters including insulin secretion improved. A decrease in the CAVI was also observed, especially in individuals with improved glycemic variability in the 75-g OGTT. Vildagliptin may be suitable for vascular protection in individuals with high glycemic variability and/or an elevated BMI.
High-throughput in vivo synaptic connectivity mapping of neuronal micro-circuits using two-photon holographic optogenetics and compressive sensing
Authors: Chen I-Wen , Chan Chung Yuen , Navarro Phillip , de Sars Vincent , Ronzitti Emiliano , Oweiss Karim , Tanese Dimitrii , Emiliani Valentina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Understanding the intricate synaptic connectivity in living neural circuits is crucial for unraveling the relationship between network structure and function, as well as its evolution during development, learning, and recovery from injury. However, current methodologies for identifying connected neurons in vivo suffer from limitations, particularly with regards to their throughput. In this study, we introduce a groundbreaking framework for in vivo connectivity mapping that combines two-photon holographic optogenetics for activating single or multiple potential presynaptic neurons, whole-cell recording of postsynaptic responses, and a compressive sensing strategy for efficiently retrieving individual postsynaptic neurons' responses when multiple potential presynaptic neurons are simultaneously activated. The approach was validated in the layer 2/3 of the visual cortex in anesthetized mice, enabling rapid probing of up to 100 cells in approximately 5 minutes. By identifying tens of synaptic pairs, including their connection strength, kinetics, and spatial distribution, this method showcases its potential to significantly advance circuit reconstruction in large neuronal networks with minimal invasiveness. Moreover, through simultaneous multi-cell stimulation and compressive sensing, we demonstrate up to a three-fold reduction in the number of required measurements to infer connectivity with limited loss in accuracy, thereby enabling high-throughput connectivity mapping in vivo. These results pave the way for a more efficient and rapid investigation of neuronal circuits, leading to deeper insights into brain function and plasticity.
Prolonged abdominal pregnancy incidentally discovered during cesarean section. A case report
Authors: Diaouga Hamidou Soumana , Yacouba Maimouna Chaibou , Hissen Tidjani Mahamat , Oumara Maina , Bako Inoussa Daouda , Garba Rahamatou Madeleine , Idi Nafiou , Nayama Madi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Abdominal pregnancy is a rare pathology still encountered in developing countries due to insufficient medicalization. The clinical signs are polymorphic and nonspecific, which makes the diagnosis difficult and late. However, obstetric ultrasound plays a key role in early diagnosis. The objective was to share an experience of our service on this pathology and to show the need for early ultrasound diagnosis through optimal monitoring of pregnancy in our regions. Case presentation: We report a case of prolonged abdominal pregnancy in a 35-year-old black african women who consulted in our department for absence of active movements of the fetus with ten-month amenorrhea. The clinical examination and the ultrasound made it possible to evoke the diagnosis of a non-grogressing pregnancy of 39 weeks. The fetus was in a transverse position motivating the indication of a cesarean section. Intraoperatively, the fetus was discovered in the abdominal cavity with a placenta inserted into the left ovary. The uterus and right adnexa were normal. We performed an extraction of the macerated fetus weighing 2600g. The extraction of the placenta and membranes was without difficulty. The maternal prognosis was good.
Conclusions: Abdominal pregnancy is still undiagnosed early in developing countries. Emphasis must be placed on raising awareness among pregnant women about quality prenatal care from conception, early obstetric ultrasound, continuous training of health professionals and modernization of the technical platform. The diagnosis of the location of the gestational sac must be made in any pregnant woman seen for the first time in the ultrasound room.
Comparison of Polyolefin Pyrolysis in Open or Closed Systems
Authors: Jiang Guozhan , Seville Jonathan P. K. , Monsalve Ale Sanchez , Bhattacharya Suchismita , Leeke Gary A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Polyolefin pyrolysis in open or closed systems were compared in terms of the differences in the carbon number distribution of the produced wax and oil to better understand the product formation mechanism for the two processes. The pyrolysis was conducted in a small tube reactor either in a closed mode or in an open mode at a temperature range from 400oC to 500oC. In the closed mode, the sample was sealed in the reactor. In the open pyrolysis mode, the pyrolysis vapour was continuously carried out of the reactor by nitrogen and then condensed. The carbon number distribution of the wax and oil was measured using simulated distillation. In the open pyrolysis mode, the carbon number distribution did not vary significantly by varying pyrolysis temperature, and the distribution agreed with the prediction of random scission model of free radical depolymerisation. This is mainly attributed to the evaporation effect in the open reactor, which reduced the chances of secondary reactions. In the closed mode, the carbon number distribution had a significant change with pyrolysis temperature and time, and it did not obey the random scission model, indicating the existence of secondary reactions.
Bacterial polysaccharide cues invertebrate settlement and metamorphosis
Authors: Hadfield Michael , Freckelton Marnie , Nedved Brian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Metamorphosis for many marine invertebrates depends on exposure to an external cue, commonly produced by bacteria. For larvae of the marine tubeworm Hydroides elegans, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the biofilm-dwelling, Gram-negative bacterium Cellulophaga lytica was previously demonstrated to induce metamorphosis. To determine whether LPS is a common metamorphosis-inducing factor in this species, we compared LPS from inductive and non-inductive Gram-negative marine biofilm bacteria (Cellulophaga lytica, Thalassotalea euphilliae, Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, and Tenacibaculum aiptasiae) with commercial LPS from human pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). LPS from inductive bacteria triggered metamorphosis, while LPS from non-inductive bacteria did not. Furthermore, we show that the inductive property of LPS resides within the polysaccharide (O-antigen) component from multiple species, suggesting a crucial role for conserved polysaccharide elements in triggering metamorphosis in H. elegans. These results provide insights into bacterial involvement in animal development and how marine benthic communities are established and maintained.
Deep Learning-based FemNet for Key Frame Selection in Ultrasound Videos of Breast Cancer Screening: Distilling Responsible Frames with Feature Entropy for Improved Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Jing Chen , Wu Huaiyu , Jiang Yitao , Tang Shuzhen , Cui Chen , Shi Siyuan , tian Hongtian , yang Keen , huang Zhibin , xu Jinfeng , Xu Dong , dong Fajin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. However, heavy workload and a shortage of ultrasound specialists hinder the effectiveness of breast cancer screening. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel deep learning-based framework, called FemNet, to automatically select responsible frames from breast ultrasound videos and classify breast nodules.
Methods
We designed a feature entropy minimization (FEM) technique and integrated it with a deep learning architecture to create the FemNet framework. We used a dataset of 13,702 breast ultrasound images and 2,141 videos to train and evaluate the proposed framework. We conducted a five-fold cross-validation on the videos set to compare the diagnostic performance of FemNet-selected responsible frames with physician-selected ones. We also compared FemNet's performance with that of physicians under different sensitivity and specificity levels based on the Physician-BIRADS system.
Results
Our results showed that FemNet-selected responsible frames had statistically superior diagnostic performance compared to physician-selected ones, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.916 ± 0.008 vs. 0.906 ± 0.019 (p = 0.012). Moreover, compared to physicians, FemNet achieved a 7.14% improvement in specificity under the Physician-BIRADS's sensitivity level and a 4.27% improvement in sensitivity under the Physician-BIRADS's specificity level.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that FemNet can effectively select a few frames from lengthy ultrasound videos for breast nodule assessment, similarly to physicians. The proposed framework has the potential to reduce the workload of sonographers and empower physicians to improve the accuracy of breast cancer screening.
Combination of High-Intensity Interval Training and Creatine Intake Enhances Leg Strength and Anaerobic Power without Changes in Body Composition in Physically Active Adult Men
Authors: Erdogmus Tugce Nur , Aras Dicle , Gulu Mehmet , Aldhahi Monira I. , Dahesh Abdulkareem M. , Badri Sameer 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background Different training methods and ergogenic aids has been used to increase athletic performance. In this study, to understand the effect of the combination of the six-week high intensity interval training (HIIT) and creatine supplementation on body composition, leg strength, and anaerobic power in physically active male adults was purposed. Methods In this six-week study a total of fifteen physically active men with the mean age of 21.13 ± 1.68 years were divided into two groups as Wingate based HIIT training group (HIIT) and Wingate based HIIT training + Creatine supplementation group (C-HIIT). Both groups performed a total of six weeks three days a week of HIIT training, the scope of which increased in the second three-week period and organized based on Wingate. In addition to these trainings, the C-HIIT group took a total of 10 g of creatine each training day, 5 grams 30 minutes before the load and 5 grams immediately after the load. Their body composition, leg strength, anaerobic power measurements were taken three days before the study started and three days after it ended. Results According to the findings, although there was no significant difference in body composition values between the two groups, it was observed that leg strength (p < 0.05) and anaerobic power parameters such as peak power, average power, and minimum power improved significantly in the C-HIIT group (p < 0.01). Conclusions Comparative effectiveness of additive of 10 gram of creatine monohydrate to HIIT appears to be efficient in improving leg strength and anaerobic power in physically active adult men. Trial registration This research was registered retrospectively on August 7, 2023 with the number NCT05981820.
Functional networks of inhibitory neurons orchestrate synchrony in the hippocampus
Authors: Cossart Rosa , Bocchio Marco , Vorobyev Artem , Sadeh Sadra , Brustlein Sophie , Reichinnek Susanne , Emiliani Valentina , Clopath Claudia , Dard Robin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons are a critical component of cortical circuits. Beyond providing inhibition, they have been proposed to coordinate the firing of excitatory neurons within cell assemblies. While many studies have dissected the function of specific interneuron subtypes, the relationship between interneurons and pyramidal cell synchrony in vivo remains unclear. We use an all-optical approach to simultaneously record hippocampal interneurons and pyramidal cells, and test the network influence of single interneurons. We show that CA1 interneurons form a functionally interconnected network that promotes synchrony through disinhibition during awake immobility without altering endogenous cell assemblies. A network model indicates that cell assemblies and dense but unspecific connectivity between interneurons are necessary ingredients to explain our experimental results. Thus, interneurons may not only operate via division of labor, but also through concerted activity. Our data challenge the idea of a purely decorrelating or segregating function of inhibition.
A phylogenetic approach to explore the Aspergillus fumigatus conidial surface-associated proteome and its role in pathogenesis
Authors: Goldman Gustavo , Valero Clara , Pinzan Camila , de Castro Patrícia , Rhijn Norman van , Earle Kayleigh , Liu Hong , Horta Maria Augusta , Kniemeyer Olaf , Kruger Thomas , Pschibul Annica , Coemert Derya , Heinekamp Thorsten , Brakhage Axel , Steenwyk Jacob , Mead Matthew , Rokas Antonis , Filler Scott , Rosa-Garzon Nathalia da , Delbaje Endrews , Bromley Michael , Angeli Claudia , Palmisano Giuseppe , Ibrahim Ashraf , Gago Sara , Reis Thaila does 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aspergillus fumigatus, an important pulmonary fungal pathogen causing several diseases collectively called aspergillosis, relies on asexual spores (conidia) for initiating host infection. Here, we used a phylogenomic approach to compare proteins in the conidial surface of A. fumigatus, two closely related non-pathogenic species, Aspergillus fischeri and Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis, and the cryptic pathogen Aspergillus lentulus. After identifying 62 proteins uniquely expressed on the A. fumigatus conidial surface, we assessed null mutants for 42 genes encoding conidial proteins. Deletion of 33 of these genes altered susceptibility to macrophage killing, penetration and damage to epithelial cells, and cytokine production. Notably, a gene that encodes glycosylasparaginase, which modulates levels of the host pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, is important for infection in an immunocompetent murine model of fungal disease. These results suggest that A. fumigatus conidial surface proteins and effectors are important for evasion and modulation of the immune response at the onset of fungal infection.
New structural features of the APC/C revealed by high resolution
cryo-EM structures of apo-APC/C and the APC/CCDH1:EMI1 complex
Authors: Barford David , Höfler Anna , Yu Jun , Yan Jing , Zhang Ziguo , Chang Leifu , Grime Geoffrey , Garman Elspeth , Boland Andreas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The multi-subunit anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a master regulator of cell division. It controls progression through the cell cycle by timely marking mitotic cyclins and other cell cycle regulatory proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The APC/C itself is regulated by the sequential action of its coactivator subunits CDC20 and CDH1, post-translational modifications, and its inhibitory binding partners EMI1 and the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). In this study, we took advantage of the latest developments in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structures of human APC/CCdh1:EMI1 and apo-APC/C at 2.9 Å and 3.2 Å, respectively, providing novel insights into the regulation of APC/C activity. The high resolution maps allowed the unambigious assignment of a previously unassigned a-helix to the N-terminus of CDH1 (CDH1α1) in the APC/CCdh1:EMI1 ternary complex. CDH1α1 binds at the APC1:APC8 interface, thereby interacting with a loop segment of APC1 through electrostatic interactions only provided by CDH1 but not CDC20. We also indentified a novel zinc-binding module in APC2, and confirmed the presence of zinc ions experimentally. Finally, due to the higher resolution and well defined density of these maps we were able to build, aided by AlphaFold predictions, several intrinsically disordered regions in different APC/C subunits that play a fundamental role in proper complex assembly.
Association between triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 and flow-mediated vasodilatation in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kong Wenwen , Sha Wenjun , LU Jun , Lei Tao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The conclusion between triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1)and type 2 diabetes vascular function complication was controversial. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible association between TREM-1 with flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study. 201 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. They were assigned into two groups, including the endothelial dysfunction and non-endothelial dysfunction groups, based on the results of endothelial function evaluated by FMD. Serum TREM-1 levels were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The correlation between TREM-1 and FMD was determined by the Spearman correlation test. The relationship between TREM-1 and FMD was evaluated by univariable logistic regression. The predictive value of TREM-1 for FMD was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Two-tailed P-values < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant.
Results
Median serum TREM-1 amounts were markedly elevated in the endothelial dysfunction group in comparison with the non-endothelial dysfunction group (58.0pg/mol vs 33.6pg/mol, P < 0.001). Univariable logistic regression showed that the TREM-1 was associated with FMD(P < 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for Model 1 (TREM-1) was 0.66 (0.58–0.74)(P < 0.001). According to the maximum Youden index criteria, the optimal cut‐off of TREM-1 was 38.16 ng/ml, which yielded a sensitivity of 75.4% and a specificity of 54% in predicting endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that TREM-1 was negatively correlated with FMD, which further demonstrates the importance of TREM-1 in predicting the progression of type 2 diabetic vasculopathy.
Embedding c0(Γ) and ℓ∞(Γ) in Banach spaces of homogeneous polynomials
Authors: Rincón Michael Alexander , Pérez Sergio Andrés , Reyes Diego 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study Pw∗ (nX∗, Y), the Banach space of all n−homogeneous polynomials which are w∗ −w−continuous, endowed with the sup norm. The following facts are proved:
(1) c0(Γ) embeds in Pw∗ (nX∗, Y ) iff either ℓ∞(Γ) embeds in Pw∗ (nX∗, Y ) or c0(Γ) embeds in the sum X ⊕ Y.
(2) If c0(Γ) is isomorphic to a complemented subspace of Pw∗ (nX∗, Y ), then c0(Γ) embeds in X ⊕ Y .
We also extend some linear techniques in order to embed complementably c0(Γ) in either Pw∗ (nX∗, Y ) or P(nX, Y), the Banach space of all n−homogeneous polynomials from X to Y , endowed with the sup norm.
Finally, if Pw∗K(nX∗, Y) is the closed subspace of all compact polynomials in Pw∗ (nX∗, Y), we prove that ℓ∞ embeds in Pw∗K (nX∗, Y) iff ℓ∞embeds in either X or Y . As a consequence, we prove that if c0 embeds in Pw∗K(nX∗, Y), then Pw∗K(nX∗, Y ) = nX∗ (nX∗, Y) iff only one of the following statements is true:
(1) c0 embeds in Y and X has the Schur property,
(2) c0 embeds in X and Y has the Schur property.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 46B03, 46B25, 46E40, 46G25.