bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Northern hemisphere ice sheet expansion intensified Asian aridification and the winter monsoon across the mid-Pleistocene transition
Authors: Ao Hong , Rohling Eelco J. , Li Xinzhou , Song Yougui , Roberts Andrew P. , Han Yongming , Poulsen Christopher J. , Jonell Tara N. , Liebrand Diederik , Sun Qiang , Li Xinxia , Qiang Xiaoke , Zhang Peng , Dekkers Mark J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mid-Pleistocene transition 1.25 to 0.6 million years ago marked a major shift in global climate periodicity from 41,000 to around 100,000 years without a concomitant orbital forcing shift. Here, we investigate Asian climate dynamics associated with two extreme glacial loess coarsening events at the onset and middle of the mid-Pleistocene transition by combining new and existing grain size and magnetic susceptibility records from the Chinese Loess Plateau spanning the last 1.6 million years with general circulation model simulations. We find that the two extreme glacial events reflect exceptionally enhanced Asian aridification and winter monsoon activity. They coincided with notable Northern Hemisphere glacial ice sheet expansion at 1.25 and 0.9 million years ago when the 100,000-year periodicity initiated and intensified, respectively. Our results indicate that these anomalously dry and windy Asian glacials were probably driven by an amplified terrestrial climate response to the coincident Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion.
Most industrialised countries have peaked carbon dioxide emissions during economic crises through strengthened structural change
Authors: Bersalli Germán , Tröndle Tim , Lilliestam Johan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs the climate targets tighten and countries are impacted by several crises, understanding how and under which conditions carbon dioxide emissions peak and start declining is gaining importance. We assess the timing of emissions peaks in all major emitters (1965–2019) and the extent to which past economic crises have impacted structural drivers of emissions contributing to emission peaks. We show that in 26 of 28 countries that have peaked emissions, the peak occurred just before or during a recession through the combined effect of lower economic growth (1.5 median percentage points per year) and decreasing energy and/or carbon intensity (0.7) during and after the crisis. In peak-and-decline countries, crises have typically magnified pre-existing improvements in structural change. In non-peaking countries, economic growth was less affected, and structural change effects were weaker or increased emissions. Crises do not automatically trigger peaks but may strengthen ongoing decarbonisation trends through several mechanisms.
Equatorial Pacific dust fertilization and source weathering influences on Eocene to Miocene global CO2 decline
Authors: Wang Dunfan , Roberts Andrew P. , Rohling Eelco J. , Yao Weiqi , Zhong Yi , Yao Zhengquan , Lu Yang , Liu Qingsong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStimulation of the biological pump by iron-bearing dust in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean plays an important role in long-term carbon sequestration, yet past dust fertilization and its impact on CO2perturbations over major climate transitions remain debated. Here, we integrate proxies of dust input, source-region weathering, and biological pump activity from late Eocene to early Miocene sediments of Integrated Ocean Discovery Program Hole U1333, which includes the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (~34 million years ago) when a major ice sheet was first established on Antarctica. We find that intensified chemical weathering in the large central Asian dust source region enhanced atmospheric CO2removal at ~34 Ma. Superimposed dust fertilization and biological pump action amplified this CO2removal before ~34 Ma, while weakening of this amplification process helped to moderate the CO2decline after that time. The observed inter-linked, counteracting processes with different timescales illustrate the complexity of carbon cycle feedbacks associated with major climate changes.
Arctic deep-water anoxia and its potential role for ocean carbon sink during glacial periods
Authors: Jang Kwangchul , Woo Kyung Sik , Kim Jin-Kyoung , Nam Seung-Il 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeep water freshening beneath pan-Arctic ice shelves has recently been proposed based on the absence of excess thorium in glacial Arctic sediments. This profound proposal requires scrutiny of Arctic paleohydrology during past glacial periods. Here, we present structural and geochemical results of inorganic authigenic carbonates in deep-sea glacimarine sediments from the Mendeleev Ridge, western Arctic Ocean over the last 76 kyr. Our results suggest that Polar Deep Water in the western Arctic became brackish and anoxic during stadial periods. We argue that sediment-laden hyperpycnal meltwater discharged from paleo-ice sheets filled much of the water column depending upon the density, substantially reducing the salinity and oxygen content of the Polar Deep Water. Our findings suggest that this phenomenon was more extreme in the western Arctic Ocean and may point to the potential role of the western Arctic Ocean as an additional carbon reservoir in the global carbon cycle across glacial-interglacial cycles.
Real‐time emission and cost estimation based on unit‐level dynamic carbon emission factor
Authors: Liu Jinjie , Zhao Huan , Wang Shuyi , Liu Guolong , Zhao Junhua , Dong Zhao Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe real‐time carbon emission estimation of generators helps quantify the carbon emission costs and reduce power system emissions of power generation. Accurate estimation relies on the accuracy of the carbon emission factors (EFs) and power generation measurements. The dynamic carbon emission factor (DEF) of generators was proposed recently as a linear function of the output power. However, there is a significant deviation between the modelled DEFs and the actual measurement EFs, especially when the output power is low. This paper first presents the general definition of the DEF to characterize the emissions and focuses on the unit‐level DEF (UDEF). The piecewise non‐linear UDEF (P‐UDEF) model is then proposed, which can better represent the unit emission characteristics. Then an accurate piecewise linear cost approximation method is proposed considering the segment points and extreme points of both P‐UDEF and generation costs function. Last, the system carbon emissions and costs estimation are estimated by combined economic emission dispatch (CEED), and the reduction potential is evaluated. Case studies on an IEEE 30‐bus system with piecewise linear cost functions show that the proposed P‐UDEF can realize real‐time emission and cost estimation as well as reduce the total system emissions by considering the incomplete combustion cost of generating units.
A systematic review on search‐based test suite reduction: State‐of‐the‐art, taxonomy, and future directions
Authors: Habib Amir Sohail , Khan Saif Ur Rehman , Felix Ebubeogu Amarachukwu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegression testing remains a promising research area for the last few decades. It is a type of testing that aims at ensuring that recent modifications have not adversely affected the software product. After the introduction of a new change in the system under test, the number of test cases significantly increases to handle the modification. Consequently, it becomes prohibitively expensive to execute all of the generated test cases within the allocated testing time and budget. To address this situation, the test suite reduction (TSR) technique is widely used that focusses on finding a representative test suite without compromising its effectiveness such as fault‐detection capability. In this work, a systematic review study is conducted that intends to provide an unbiased viewpoint about TSR based on various types of search algorithms. The study's main objective is to examine and classify the current state‐of‐the‐art approaches used in search‐based TSR contexts. To achieve this, a systematic review protocol is adopted and, the most relevant primary studies (57 out of 210) published between 2007 and 2022 are selected. Existing search‐based TSR approaches are classified into five main categories, including evolutionary‐based, swarm intelligence‐based, human‐based, physics‐based, and hybrid, grounded on the type of employed search algorithm. Moreover, the current work reports the parameter settings according to their category, the type of considered operator(s), and the probabilistic rate that significantly impacts on the quality of the obtained solution. Furthermore, this study describes the comparison baseline techniques that support the empirical comparison regarding the cost‐effectiveness of a search‐based TSR approach. Finally, it isconcluded that search‐based TSR has great potential to optimally solve the TSR problem. In this regard, several potential research directions are outlined as useful for future researchers interested in conducting research in the TSR domain.
Meandering periods and asymmetries in light curves of Miras: Observational evidence for low mass-loss rates
Authors: Merchan-Benitez P. , Uttenthaler S. , Jurado-Vargas M. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Some Miras (long-period variables in late evolutionary stages) have meandering pulsation periods and light-curve asymmetries, the causes of which are still unclear.
Aims. We aim to better understand the origin of meandering periods and light-curve asymmetries by investigating a sample of Miras in the solar neighbourhood. We characterised this group of stars and related their variability characteristics to other stellar parameters.
Methods. We analysed observations from several databases to obtain light curves with maximum time span and temporal coverage for a sample of 548 Miras. We determined their pulsation-period evolution over a time span of many decades, searched for changes in the periods, and determined the amplitude of the period change. We also analysed the Fourier spectra with respect to possible secondary frequency maxima. The sample was divided into two groups with respect to the presence of light-curve asymmetries (‘bumps’). Infrared colours and indicators of the third dredge-up were collected to study the mass loss and deep mixing properties of the stars of our sample.
Results. Our analysis reveals one new star, T Lyn, with a continuously changing period. The group of Miras with meandering period changes is exclusively made up of M-type stars. The Fourier spectra of the meandering-period Miras have no prominent additional peaks, suggesting that additional pulsation modes are not the cause of the meandering periods. We confirm that light-curve bumps are more common among S and C Miras and show, for the first time, that Miras with such bumps have lower mass-loss rates than those with regular, symmetric light curves. Also, Miras with meandering period changes have relatively little mass loss.
Conclusions. We conclude that Miras with strongly changing periods (including meandering periods) or asymmetries in their light curves have relatively low dust mass-loss rates. Meandering period changes and light-curve asymmetries could be connected to He-shell flashes and third dredge-up episodes.
Hyperimmunplasma: Gewinnung, Verarbeitung und therapeutische
Anwendungen
Authors: Niemann Gabriele , Germer Matthias , Hauf Matthias , Poelsler Gerhard , Röder Juliane , Schüttrumpf Jörg 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Prinzip der passiven Immunisierung ist seit dem 19. Jahrhundert bekannt und
wird auch bei aktuellen Pandemien als Ansatz zur Prophylaxe und Therapie
eingesetzt. Der Schutz wird hierbei übertragen durch Blut, Serum oder
Plasma, welche Immunglobuline gegen spezifische Krankheitserreger,
Bakterientoxine oder sonstige Antigene enthalten, sowie durch aus Humanplasma
industriell aufgereinigte Immunglobuline. Die aktuell verwendeten
Reinigungsverfahren für Immunglobuline aus Humanplasma beruhen auf der
von Edwin J. Cohn entwickelten Fraktionierung von Plasma. Zur Gewinnung von
Immunglobulinen mit hohen Antikörpertitern gegen spezifische Antigene,
sogenannte Hyperimmunglobuline, muss zunächst Hyperimmunplasma gezielt
von ausgewählten Spendern gewonnen werden. Diese Spender haben
erhöhte Antikörpertiter gegen spezifische Krankheitserreger,
Bakterientoxine oder sonstige Antigene, wenn sie im Rahmen einer vorangegangenen
Infektion natürlich immunisiert wurden, einen zugelassenen Impfstoff zur
Immunisierung erhalten haben oder gezielt zum Zweck der Plasmaspende immunisiert
wurden. Aktuell sind in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
Hyperimmunglobulinprodukte für verschiedene Anwendungen im Patienten
zugelassen, von denen die meisten aus humanem Blutplasma gewonnen werden. Um die
Herstellung der Produkte und damit letztlich die Behandlung der Patienten
gewährleisten zu können, werden resiliente Lieferketten
benötigt. Hierzu bedarf es unter anderem Änderungen in den
Rahmenbedingungen für die Spenderimmunisierung in Deutschland.
Verständnis und Bedürfnis medizinischer
Rehabilitation in der Bevölkerung – Ergebnisse einer
Online-Befragung
Authors: Golla André , Saal Susanne , Meyer Gabriele , Frese Thomas , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Richter Matthias , Schildmann Jan , Steckelberg Anke , Mau Wilfried 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der Zugang zu medizinischen Rehabilitationsleistungen
setzt in der Regel eine aktive Beantragung und somit ein gewisses
Angebotsverständnis bei gesundheitsbedingt Beeinträchtigten
sowie nahestehenden Personen mit informellen Rollenfunktionen (z. B.
Angehörige) voraus. Zur Generierung aktueller Daten zum
Verständnis und subjektiven Bedürfnis medizinischer
Rehabilitationsleistungen wurde eine Bevölkerungsbefragung
durchgeführt.
Methode 2401 registrierte Teilnehmende (Alter: 18 bis 79 Jahre) einer
bevölkerungsbasierten Online-Panelstudie erhielten im September 2020 via
E-Mail eine Einladung zur Beantwortung eines Onlinefragebogens. Es wurden
subjektive Informiertheit, aktuelles und perspektivisches Bedürfnis
sowie Einstellung und Erwartung bezüglich der medizinischen
Rehabilitation erhoben. Neben deskriptiver Analyse unter
Berücksichtigung von Erwerbsstatus,
Aktivitäts-/Teilhabebeeinträchtigung und
Rehabilitationserfahrung wurden mittels logistischer Regression Einflussfaktoren
auf das subjektive Rehabilitationsbedürfnis untersucht.
Ergebnis Daten von 1464 Personen (Ø Alter: 52,5±14,5
Jahre; 55% nicht-männlich) gingen in die Auswertung ein.
44% aller Befragten schätzten sich bezüglich der
Rehabilitation als insgesamt „eher gut“ bzw. „sehr
gut“ informiert ein. Der Großteil der Befragten assoziierte ein
Rehabilitationsbedürfnis mit trägerseitigen Zugangskriterien und
benannte die hausärztliche Versorgung als erste Anlaufstelle für
eine Rehabilitation. Es zeigt sich eine eher funktionsorientierte
Erwartungshaltung gegenüber der medizinischen Rehabilitation sowie der
überwiegende Wunsch nach stationärer Rehabilitationsform im
Bedarfsfall. Unter 383 Personen mit
Aktivitäts-/Teilhabebeeinträchtigung war das
individuelle Rehabilitationsbedürfnis neben einem höheren
subjektiven Beeinträchtigungsgrad durch eine eigene bzw. bei
nahestehenden Personen vorhandene Rehabilitationserfahrung beeinflusst.
Schlussfolgerung Das perspektivische Rehabilitationsbedürfnis
deckt sich weitgehend mit relevanten Trägerkriterien. Gleichzeitig
zeigen sich Differenzen in der rehabilitativen Sichtweise zwischen bestimmten
Adressatengruppen. Um das Rehabilitationsverständnis – in der
Öffentlichkeit und speziell auch im zugangsrelevanten Umfeld von
beeinträchtigten Personen – zu verbessern, sollten
diesbezüglich angepasste Informationsstrategien verfolgt werden.
Gentherapie für Ataxien
Authors: Klockgether Thomas 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungAtaxien sind progredient verlaufende Krankheiten, die meist Folge einer
Degeneration des Kleinhirns sind. Ataxien werden in genetische, sporadisch
degenerative und erworbene (sekundäre) Formen unterteilt.
Während es bei den erworbene (sekundäre) Ataxien etablierte
Therapien gibt, sind genetische und sporadische degenerative Ataxien derzeit
nicht medizinisch behandelbar. Für diese Ataxien ist die Entwicklung
somatischer Gentherapien ein vielversprechender Weg. Ziele der Gentherapien bei
genetischen Ataxien sind die Inaktivierung schädlicher Gene durch
Gen-Silencing oder der Ersatz oder die Korrektur eines nicht
funktionsfähigen Gens. Eine weitere Option, die auch für
sporadisch degenerative Ataxien in Betracht kommt, sind Therapien, bei denen
neue oder modifizierte Gene transferiert werden. Bei den häufigeren
Ataxien, wie Friedreich-Ataxie, bestimmten spinozerebellären Ataxien und
Multisystematrophie werden aktiv Gentherapien entwickelt, und erste Phase
I-Studien werden bereits durchgeführt.
Feasibility of dose reduction for [18F]FDG-PET/MR imaging of patients with non-lesional epilepsy
Authors: Kertész Hunor , Traub-Weidinger Tatjana , Cal-Gonzalez Jacobo , Rausch Ivo , Muzik Otto , Shyiam Sundar Lalith Kumar , Beyer Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of reduced injected [18F]FDG activity levels on the quantitative and diagnostic accuracy of PET images of patients with non-lesional epilepsy (NLE).Nine healthy volunteers and nine patients with NLE underwent 60-min dynamic list-mode (LM) scans on a fully-integrated PET/MRI system. Injected FDG activity levels were reduced virtually by randomly removing counts from the last 10-min of the LM data, so as to simulate the following activity levels: 50 %, 35 %, 20 %, and 10 % of the original activity. Four image reconstructions were evaluated: standard OSEM, OSEM with resolution recovery (PSF), the A-MAP, and the Asymmetrical Bowsher (AsymBowsher) algorithms. For the A-MAP algorithms, two weights were selected (low and high). Image contrast and noise levels were evaluated for all subjects while the lesion-to-background ratio (L/B) was only evaluated for patients. Patient images were scored by a Nuclear Medicine physician on a 5-point scale to assess clinical impression associated with the various reconstruction algorithms.The image contrast and L/B ratio characterizing all four reconstruction algorithms were similar, except for reconstructions based on only 10 % of total counts. Based on clinical impression, images with diagnostic quality can be achieved with as low as 35 % of the standard injected activity. The selection of algorithms utilizing an anatomical prior did not provide a significant advantage for clinical readings, despite a small improvement in L/B (< 5 %) using the A-MAP and AsymBowsher reconstruction algorithms.In patients with NLE who are undergoing [18F]FDG-PET/MR imaging, the injected [18F]FDG activity can be reduced to 35 % of the original dose levels without compromising.
Successful Treatment of a Painful Neuroma Using Fascicular Shifting in the Ulnar Nerve: A Case Report
Authors: Hruby Laura A. , Sporer Matthias E. , Krusche-Mandl Irena , Tereshenko Vlad , Platzgummer Hannes , Hajdu Stefan , Aszmann Oskar C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective We report the case of a 40-year-old man with an inveterate ulnar nerve neuroma following a laceration injury of his left wrist twenty-three years ago. The patient presented with a typical ulnar claw-hand deformity and debilitating neuropathic pain in his hand (VAS 8.4). Pre-operative imaging revealed a neuroma of the ulnar nerve at the Guyon's canal. Moreover, a complete atrophy of all intrinsic hand muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve was present.
Methods A Zancolli lasso procedure was performed to reduce the clawing effect. The neuroma was resected producing a nerve defect of five centimeters. Since the injury dated back more than two decades and any motor recovery was deemed impossible at that point, the motor fascicle of the ulnar nerve, i.e. the deep branch, was selectively neurolysed and harvested as an autologous nerve graft. Then the graft was shifted into the defect to be coapted with the superficial branch fascicle in an end-to-end fashion.
Results The presented fascicular shift procedure resulted in satisfying and sustained pain reduction. At the six-month follow-up, the VAS decreased to 1.2, and two years post-operatively, the patient reported 2.5 on the VAS.
Conclusion The fascicular shift procedure offers an alternative approach to conventional nerve grafts. If nerve grafting is required, using a locally harvested graft avoids additional donor site morbidity. Assuming the clinical scenario allows for fascicular grafting, we strongly suggest considering the fascicular shift procedure as a cost-effective alternative to expensive conduits and processed nerve allografts in sensory nerve reconstruction.
Comparison of the hybrid and partial stent-in-stent method for endoscopic three-segment drainage for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Yoshinari Motohiro , Hijioka Susumu , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Maruki Yuta , Ohba Akihiro , Kawasaki Yuki , Takeshita Kotaro , Morizane Chigusa , Tanaka Yasuhito , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims The clinical outcome of the new hybrid drainage method for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction (UMHBO) has not yet been compared with that of the partial stent-in-stent (PSIS) method with three or more stents.
Patients and methods Patients with UMHBO underwent drainage of three segments using the hybrid or PSIS method. The clinical outcomes of both methods were compared retrospectively.
Results Overall, 54 patients underwent the hybrid (n = 31) or PSIS (n = 23) method of drainage with three or more stents for UMHBO. There were no significant differences in the technical success rate (hybrid vs. PSIS, 87.1 % vs. 87 %), clinical success rate according to per-protocol analysis (81.5 % vs. 70 %), early adverse events rate (14.8 % vs. 10%), late adverse events rate (7.4 % vs. 0 %), and technical success rate of the endoscopic transpapillary reintervention (90.9 % vs. 100 %). Time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO) of the hybrid and PSIS methods was 178 and 231 days, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.354).
Conclusions The choice between the two methods should be made at the physician’s discretion.