bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband and high-efficiency polarization conversion with a nano-kirigami based metasurface
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhang Xiaochen , Dong Weikang , Liang Qinghua , Ji Chang-Yin , Li Jiafang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNano-kirigami metasurfaces have attracted increasing attention due to their ease of three-dimension (3D) nanofabrication, versatile shape transformations, appealing manipulation capabilities and rich potential applications in nanophotonic devices. Through adding an out-of-plane degree of freedom to the double split-ring resonators (DSRR) by using nano-kirigami method, in this work we demonstrate the broadband and high-efficiency linear polarization conversion in the near-infrared wavelength band. Specifically, when the two-dimensional DSRR precursors are transformed into 3D counterparts, a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of more than 90% is realized in wide spectral range from 1160 to 2030 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the high-performance and broadband PCR can be readily tailored by deliberately deforming the vertical displacement or adjusting the structural parameters. Finally, as a proof-of-concept demonstration, the proposal is successfully verified by adopting the nano-kirigami fabrication method. The studied nano-kirigami based polymorphic DSRR mimic a sequence of discrete bulk optical components with multifunction, thereby eliminating the need for their mutual alignment and opening new possibilities.
Proof of concept nanotechnological approach to in vitro targeting of malignant melanoma for enhanced immune checkpoint inhibition
Authors: Alharbi Bandar , Qanash Husam , Binsaleh Naif K. , Alharthi Salem , Elasbali Abdulbaset M. , Gharekhan Chandranil H. , Mahmoud Muhammad , Lioudakis Emmanouil , O’Leary John J. , Doherty Derek G. , Mohamed Bashir M. , Gray Steven G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImmunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have limitations in their effective treatment of malignancies. The immunosuppressive environment associated with the tumor microenvironment may prevent the achievement of optimal outcomes for immune checkpoint inhibitors alone, and nanotechnology-based platforms for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents are increasingly being investigated for their potential to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In this manuscript, nanoparticles were designed with appropriate size and surface characteristics to enhance their retention of payload so that they can transmit their loaded drugs to the tumor. We aimed to enhance immune cell stimulation by a small molecule inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 (BMS202) using nanodiamonds (ND). Melanoma cells with different disease stages were exposed to bare NDs, BMS202-NDs or BMS202 alone for 6 h. Following this, melanoma cells were co-cultured with freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). The effects of this treatment combination on melanoma cells were examined on several biological parameters including cell viability, cell membrane damage, lysosomal mass/pH changes and expression of γHA2X, and caspase 3. Exposing melanoma cells to BMS202-NDs led to a stronger than normal interaction between the hPBMCs and the melanoma cells, with significant anti-proliferative effects. We therefore conclude that melanoma therapy has the potential to be enhanced by non-classical T-cell Immune responses via immune checkpoint inhibitors delivered by nanodiamonds-based nanoparticles.
Homomorphic inference of deep neural networks for zero-knowledge verification of nuclear warheads
Authors: Turturica Gabriel V. , Iancu Violeta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDisarmament treaties have been the driving force towards reducing the large nuclear stockpile assembled during the Cold War. Further efforts are built around verification protocols capable of authenticating nuclear warheads while preventing the disclosure of confidential information. This type of problem falls under the scope of zero-knowledge protocols, which aim at multiple parties agreeing on a statement without conveying any information beyond the statement itself. A protocol capable of achieving all the authentication and security requirements is still not completely formulated. Here we propose a protocol that leverages the isotopic capabilities of NRF measurements and the classification abilities of neural networks. Two key elements guarantee the security of the protocol, the implementation of the template-based approach in the network’s architecture and the use of homomorphic inference. Our results demonstrate the potential of developing zero-knowledge protocols for the verification of nuclear warheads using Siamese networks on encrypted spectral data.
Accelerometry-based assessment of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their healthy peers
Authors: Vyhlídal Tomáš , Dygrýn Jan , Hrubá Jaroslava , Chmelík František 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ASALL) compose a specific group that faces an increased risk of experiencing late effects of their earlier treatment. Physical activity (PA) may be one of the appropriate means for preventing or minimizing the late effects of treatment. The main purpose of this study is to characterize device-measured PA and sedentary behavior (SB) among ASALL. The specific objective was to compare the movement behavior with a group recruited from the healthy population and to determine the degree of compliance with health recommendations for PA in the adult population. Twenty ASALL and 21 healthy control group (CG) members participated in the study. Participants were between 18 and 30 years old. Movement behavior was assessed for seven days using an Axivity AX3 accelerometer and a 24-h wearing protocol. Movement behavior was characterized by the amount of time spent in SB, light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA). There were no significant differences in movement behavior or compliance with PA recommendations between the ASALL and CG. During the week, the ASALL accumulated 711 min per day of SB vs. 636 min per day in the CG (p = 0.26); the ASALL had 186 min per day of LPA vs. 201 min per day in the CG (p = 0.47); the ASALL had 132 min per day of MPA vs. 147 min per day in the CG (p = 0.25); and the ASALL had 5 min per day of VPA vs. 4 min per day in the CG (p = 0.48). All research participants (ASALL and CG) met the PA recommendations of > 150 min per week for moderate PA. The results of our study suggest that ASALL, even after suffering from that disease in childhood, display comparable levels of PA and SB to their healthy peers. Both groups met the health recommendations for PA. The device-based monitoring of PA and SB should be an integral part of monitoring the late effects of treatment.
Nutrigonometry IV: Thales’ theorem to measure the rules of dietary compromise in animals
Authors: Morimoto Juliano 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiet specialists and generalists face a common challenge: they must regulate the intake and balance of nutrients to achieve a target diet for optimum nutrition. When optimum nutrition is unattainable, organisms must cope with dietary imbalances and trade-off surplus and deficits of nutrients that ensue. Animals achieve this through compensatory rules that dictate how to cope with nutrient imbalances, known as ‘rules of compromise’. Understanding the patterns of the rules of compromise can provide invaluable insights into animal physiology and behaviour, and shed light into the evolution of diet specialisation. However, we lack an analytical method for quantitative comparisons of the rules of compromise within and between species. Here, I present a new analytical method that uses Thales’ theorem as foundation, and that enables fast comparisons of the rules of compromise within and between species. I then apply the method on three landmark datasets to show how the method enables us to gain insights into how animals with different diet specialisation cope with nutrient imbalances. The method opens new avenues of research to understand how animals cope with nutrient imbalances in comparative nutrition.
Shark mandible evolution reveals patterns of trophic and habitat-mediated diversification
Authors: López-Romero Faviel A. , Stumpf Sebastian , Kamminga Pepijn , Böhmer Christine , Pradel Alan , Brazeau Martin D. , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnvironmental controls of species diversity represent a central research focus in evolutionary biology. In the marine realm, sharks are widely distributed, occupying mainly higher trophic levels and varied dietary preferences, mirrored by several morphological traits and behaviours. Recent comparative phylogenetic studies revealed that sharks present a fairly uneven diversification across habitats, from reefs to deep-water. We show preliminary evidence that morphological diversification (disparity) in the feeding system (mandibles) follows these patterns, and we tested hypotheses linking these patterns to morphological specialisation. We conducted a 3D geometric morphometric analysis and phylogenetic comparative methods on 145 specimens representing 90 extant shark species using computed tomography models. We explored how rates of morphological evolution in the jaw correlate with habitat, size, diet, trophic level, and taxonomic order. Our findings show a relationship between disparity and environment, with higher rates of morphological evolution in reef and deep-water habitats. Deep-water species display highly divergent morphologies compared to other sharks. Strikingly, evolutionary rates of jaw disparity are associated with diversification in deep water, but not in reefs. The environmental heterogeneity of the offshore water column exposes the importance of this parameter as a driver of diversification at least in the early part of clade history.
Estimation and stochastic control of nonlinear dynamic systems over the AWGN channel: Application in tele‐presence and tele‐operation of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Takloo Somayeh Dolatkhah , Farhadi Alireza , Khaki‐Sedigh Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with tele‐presence and tele‐operation of autonomous vehicles over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. This wireless communication channel is subject to transmission noise and transmission power constraint. An encoder, decoder and controller are proposed by implementing a novel linearization method for linearizing the nonlinear dynamic systems at operating points. For the linearized systems, the encoder, decoder and controller are implemented that were previously proposed for output tracking as well as stability of linear dynamic systems. Two novel linearization methods are proposed and their satisfactory performances are proved for output tracking as well as stability of nonlinear dynamic system. The first method is based on the fixed linearization rate and the second one is based on the variable (optimal) linearization rate. The decoder that is based on the second method is in fact the extended Kalman filter with the optimal linearization rate. The performances of these two methods are compared with each other and the other proposed methods by implementing them to the problems of the tele‐presence and tele‐operation of autonomous vehicles over the AWGN channel. Their satisfactory performances are illustrated. It is illustrated that the second method has higher computational complexity with slightly better performance and is applicable to a larger class of reference trajectories.
XMM-Newton observation of V1504 Cyg as a probe for the existence of an evaporated corona
Authors: Dobrotka A. , Ness J.-U. , Nucita A. A. , Melicherčík M. 
Published: May 2023

Aims. We present an analysis of an XMM-Newton observation of the dwarf nova V1504 Cyg during the decline from an outburst. Our goal is to search for evidence of an evaporated X-ray corona. Such a corona can be understood as an optically thin and geometrically thick disc around the central part of an optically thick and geometrically thin disc.
Methods. We study the X-ray spectra of a dwarf nova using a cooling-flow model and the evolution in the amplitude of variability and power density spectra in the UV and X-ray.
Results. The X-ray (pn) count rate increases from initially around 0.03 cps to 0.17 cps, with a harder spectrum and a higher degree of variability. Meanwhile, the OM/UVW1 light curve follows a slow decline with a decreasing amplitude of variability. Next, we split the X-ray data into two segments and analysed them separately. Both were described by a cooling-flow model, while the first low-luminosity segment required an additional power-law component, suggesting the presence of a wind. A spectral fitting revealed a higher temperature for the second brighter segment. A timing analysis revealed a potential break frequency at log(f/Hz) = −3.02 during the decline towards the quiescence. This detection is in agreement with optical data from Kepler observations.
Conclusions. The X-ray nature of the break frequency supports the innermost parts of the disc as source of the variability. Moreover, a similar frequency was observed in several other cataclysmic variables. Thus, a sandwich model where a geometrically thick corona surrounds the geometrically thin disc is a plausible accretion configuration.
Essstörungen für den/die Gastroenterologen:in – was sich zu wissen lohnt
Authors: Schweckendiek Daniel , Pauli Dagmar , Scharl Michael 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungEssstörungen sind potenziell lebensbedrohliche Erkrankungen, die mit schweren psychischen und somatischen Komorbiditäten einhergehen. Man geht davon aus, dass die Anzahl an Patienten im Nachgang der Covid-Pandemie stark ansteigen wird.Hauptsächlich 4 Essstörungen werden im Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) und der International Classification of Diseases 11 (ICD-11) erwähnt: Anorexia nervosa (AN), Bulimia nervosa (BN), Binge eating disorder (BED) und Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Viele traditionelle Annahmen bei Essstörungen sind aufgrund neuer Forschungsresultate im Wandel begriffen. Der/die Gastroenterologe/in ist normalerweise nicht die erste Anlaufstelle für Patienten/-innen mit Essstörungen. Er spielt jedoch eine zentrale Rolle, insbesondere wenn es um das Management von gastroenterologischen Komplikationen geht.In dieser Übersicht soll der Fokus vor allem auf relevante gastroenterologische Aspekte und weniger auf die psychiatrische/psychosomatische Behandlung gelegt werden. Die Grundlagen der wichtigsten Essstörungen werden wiederholt, Möglichkeiten der Erkennung und wichtige gastroenterologische Komplikationen genannt. Die Adipositas, die oft mit Essstörungen einhergeht, ist nicht Gegenstand dieser Übersicht.
Zahlungsbereitschaft für Insektizid-imprägnierte
Moskitonetze zur Malariaprophylaxe in Subsahara-Afrika – eine
systematische Literaturrecherche
Authors: Kemper Magdalena , Mahlich Jörg 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Studien zur Zahlungsbereitschaft von
Insektizid-imprägnierten Moskitonetzen zur Malariaphrophylaxe wurden
identifiziert und darauf aufbauend Maßnahmen zur Stimulierung der
Nachfrage abgeleitet.
Methodik Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde für den
Zeitraum 2012 bis 2022 und für die Region Subsahara-Afrika
durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Acht relevante Veröffentlichungen wurden identifiziert.
Die Zahlungsbereitschaft für Insektizid-imprägnierte
Moskitonetze lag bei niedrigen Einkommensschichten in allen untersuchten Studien
deutlich unter dem Marktpreis. Der wahrgenommene Nutzen der Moskitonetze und das
allgemeine Wissen über Malaria und deren Prävention
erhöhen die Zahlungsbereitschaft.
Schlussfolgerungen Kurzfristig ist die kostenlose Verteilung für
Haushalte mit niedrigem Einkommen unumgänglich. Langfristig sollte der
Fokus auf gesundheitlicher Aufklärung liegen.
Verlaufsevaluation eines multimodalen Therapieprogrammes für
Methamphetamin-konsumierende Schwangere, Mütter und
Väter
Authors: Spreer Maik , Petzold Johannes , Krüger Maria , Weber Benjamin , Hahn Susanna , P. Pyrc Cornelia , S. Zimmermann Ulrich , Pilhatsch Maximilian 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Verlaufsevaluation des suchttherapeutischen Teils des multimodalen
Therapieprogramms „Mama Denk an mich“, einer
interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit mehrerer Kliniken des
Universitätsklinikums Dresden mit den örtlichen
Jugendämtern und Suchtberatungsstellen.
Methode Behandlungsverlaufs- und Stichprobenbeschreibung der ersten 100
Patienten mit einer metamphetaminbezogenen Störung und prospektive
Beobachtungsstudie der Therapieergebnisse.
Ergebnisse Neben einem hohen Anteil an Erstbehandelten (51%) und
einem jungen Durchschnittsalter (29 Jahre) fiel die Stichprobe durch
prekäre sozioökonomische Verhältnisse und zahlreiche
Komorbiditäten auf. Dennoch lässt die hohe Adhärenzrate
(68%) auf eine gute Wirksamkeit der verwendeten Therapiemethoden
schließen.
Schlussfolgerung Eltern- bzw. Schwangerschaft stellen eine Gelegenheit
dar, selbst schwere Fälle von Methamphetaminabhängigkeit mit
psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten für eine wirksame ambulante
Suchttherapie zu motivieren.
Clinical and epidemiological profiles from a case series of 26 Brazilian CADASIL patients
Authors: Nogueira Renata , Couto Christian Marques , Oliveira Pérola de , Martins Bernardo José Alves Ferreira , Montanaro Vinícius Viana Abreu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic cause of ischemic stroke and the most common form of non-atherosclerotic stroke. Despite being the most prevalent vascular hereditary disease, clinical data regarding the Brazilian population are scarce. Considering that the Brazilian population has one of the most heterogeneous genetic constitutions in the world, knowledge about genetic and epidemiological profiles is mandatory. The present study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological and clinical features of CADASIL in Brazil.
Methods We performed a case series study comprising 6 rehabilitation hospitals in Brazil and reported the clinical and epidemiological data from the medical records of patients admitted from 2002 to 2019 with genetic confirmation.
Results We enrolled 26 (16 female) patients in whom mutations in exons 4 and 19 were the most common. The mean age at the onset of the disease was of 45 years. Ischemic stroke was the first cardinal symptom in 19 patients. Cognitive impairment, dementia, and psychiatric manifestations were detected in 17, 6, and 16 patients respectively. In total, 8 patients had recurrent migraines, with aura in 6 (75%) of them. White matter hyperintensities in the temporal lobe and the external capsule were found in 20 (91%) and 15 patients (68%) respectively. The median Fazekas score was of 2. Lacunar infarcts, microbleeds, and larger hemorrhages were observed in 18 (82%), 9, and 2 patients respectively.
Conclusion The present is the most extensive series of Brazilian CADASIL patients published to date, and we have reported the first case of microbleeds in the spinal cord of a CADASIL patient. Most of our clinical and epidemiological data are in accordance with European cohorts, except for microbleeds and hemorrhagic strokes, for which rates fall in between those of European and Asian cohorts.
The PLOD2/succinate axis regulates the epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and cancer cell stemness
Authors: Tong Yuxin , Qi Yifei , Xiong Gaofeng , Li Junyan , Scott Timothy L. , Chen Jie , He Daheng , Li Linzhang , Wang Chi , Lane Andrew N. , Xu Ren 
Published: May 2023

Aberrant accumulation of succinate has been detected in many cancers. However, the cellular function and regulation of succinate in cancer progression is not completely understood. Using stable isotope-resolved metabolomics analysis, we showed that the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was associated with profound changes in metabolites, including elevation of cytoplasmic succinate levels. The treatment with cell-permeable succinate induced mesenchymal phenotypes in mammary epithelial cells and enhanced cancer cell stemness. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequence analysis showed that elevated cytoplasmic succinate levels were sufficient to reduce global 5-hydroxymethylcytosinene (5hmC) accumulation and induce transcriptional repression of EMT-related genes. We showed that expression of procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) was associated with elevation of cytoplasmic succinate during the EMT process. Silencing of PLOD2 expression in breast cancer cells reduced succinate levels and inhibited cancer cell mesenchymal phenotypes and stemness, which was accompanied by elevated 5hmC levels in chromatin. Importantly, exogenous succinate rescued cancer cell stemness and 5hmC levels in PLOD2-silenced cells, suggesting that PLOD2 promotes cancer progression at least partially through succinate. These results reveal the previously unidentified function of succinate in enhancing cancer cell plasticity and stemness.
G-quadruplexes rescuing protein folding
Authors: Son Ahyun , Huizar Cabral Veronica , Huang Zijue , Litberg Theodore J. , Horowitz Scott 
Published: May 2023

Maintaining the health of the proteome is a critical cellular task. Recently, we found G-quadruplex (G4) nucleic acids are especially potent at preventing protein aggregation in vitro and could at least indirectly improve the protein folding environment of
Escherichia coli
. However, the roles of G4s in protein folding were not yet explored. Here, through in vitro protein folding experiments, we discover that G4s can accelerate protein folding by rescuing kinetically trapped intermediates to both native and near-native folded states. Time-course folding experiments in
E. coli
further demonstrate that these G4s primarily improve protein folding quality in
E. coli
as opposed to preventing protein aggregation. The ability of a short nucleic acid to rescue protein folding opens up the possibility of nucleic acids and ATP-independent chaperones to play considerable roles in dictating the ultimate folding fate of proteins.
Microsaccades are directed toward the midpoint between targets in a variably cued attention task
Authors: Willett Shawn M. , Mayo J. Patrick 
Published: May 2023

Reliable, noninvasive biomarkers that reveal the internal state of a subject are an invaluable tool for neurological diagnoses. Small fixational eye movements, called microsaccades, are a candidate biomarker thought to reflect a subject's focus of attention [Z. M. Hafed, J. J. Clark,VisionRes.42, 2533–2545 (2002); R. Engbert, R. Kliegl,VisionRes.43, 1035–1045 (2003)]. The linkage between the direction of microsaccades and attention has mainly been demonstrated using explicit and unambiguous attentional cues. However, the natural world is seldom predictable and rarely provides unambiguous information. Thus, a useful biomarker must be robust to such changes in environmental statistics. To determine how well microsaccades reveal visual-spatial attention across behavioral contexts, we analyzed these fixational eye movements in monkeys performing a conventional change detection task. The task included two stimulus locations and variable cue validities across blocks of trials. Subjects were adept at the task, showing precise and graded modulations of visual attention for subtle target changes and performing better and faster when the cue was more reliable [J. P. Mayo, J. H. R. Maunsell,J. Neurosci. 36, 5353 (2016)]. However, over tens of thousands of microsaccades, we found no difference in microsaccade direction between cued locations when cue variability was high nor between hit and miss trials. Instead, microsaccades were made toward the midpoint of the two target locations, not toward individual targets. Our results suggest that the direction of microsaccades should be interpreted with caution and may not be a reliable measure of covert spatial attention in more complex viewing conditions.