bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Here, I will stay until I die”—exploring the relationship between place attachment, risk perception, and coping behavior in two small Norwegian communities
Authors: Lie Leikny Bakke , de Korte Laurien , Pursiainen Christer Henrik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis empirical study explores the interplay between place attachment, risk perception, and coping behavior, within two small Norwegian communities exposed to flash flooding. Through a mixed-methods narrative approach, we found that most of our respondents exhibited positive attachment to their communities, aligning with previous studies in rural settings. Using a conceptual model of place attachment (Raymond et al. 2010), the study identified five dimensions of attachment among the respondents: place identity, place dependency, family bonding, friend bonding, and nature bonding. The most dominant narratives centered around practical ties to the area through family and place dependency, combined with symbolic attachments in the form of nature and identity. Place attachment through generational ties, closeness to nature, and access to historical knowledge influenced residents’ risk perception, here displayed as heightened awareness of flash flood-related risks. This risk awareness did however not translate directly into feeling at risk. Findings point to residents’ underestimating risk close to home, which could partially be explained by strong place attachment. Coping behavior was mainly motivated by previous hazard experiences. Place dependency and family bonding contribute to explaining the resident’s reluctancy to relocate as a coping strategy. We found that place attachment can act as both a mediator and a moderator between risk perception and coping behavior, and the relationship between place attachment, risk perception, and coping behavior is complex. While no clear causal relationship was established, understanding common elements in risk narratives can enhance community resilience and inform strategies to address community concerns.
How African Pasts Can Inspire Alternative Responses to Climate Change: a Creative Writing Experiment
Authors: Logan Amanda L. , Grillo Katherine M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow can we use the past to help us solve today’s urgent climate change concerns? Archaeology provides one way forward by providing a long-term view of what worked and what did not work in the past. Indigenous knowledge systems have long curated a range of survival strategies that provide powerful inspiration for thinking differently about sustainability. Inspired by Africanfuturism—or how writers of African descent have creatively reimagined Black futures—we explore how creative writing can mobilize the past to rethink climate change responses. We have designed this piece for use in middle and secondary school science, history, or literature classes. An introductory explanation and “what we know” sections provide teachers with the necessary framing and background knowledge. The two short stories could be assigned to 13–18-year-old students to illustrate the kind of reimagining they might pursue based on archaeological and oral historical information.
A general framework to quantify the event importance in multi-event contests
Authors: Goller Daniel , Heiniger Sandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a statistical framework for quantifying the importance of single events that do not provide intermediate rewards but offer implicit incentives through scheduling and the reward structure at the end of a multi-event contest. Applying the framework to primary elections in the US, where earlier elections have greater importance and influence, we show that schedule variations can mitigate the problem of front-loading elections. When applied to European football, we demonstrate the utility and meaningfulness of quantified event importance in relation to the in-match performance of contestants to improve outcome prediction and to provide an early indication of public interest.
Spectrality in Convex Sequential Effect Algebras
Authors: Jenčová Anna , Pulmannová Sylvia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor convex and sequential effect algebras, we study spectrality in the sense of Foulis. We show that under additional conditions (strong archimedeanity, closedness in norm and a certain monotonicity property of the sequential product), such effect algebra is spectral if and only if every maximal commutative subalgebra is monotone $$\sigma $$
σ
-complete. Two previous results on existence of spectral resolutions in this setting are shown to require stronger assumptions.
Leaving no One Behind: Displaced Persons and Sustainable Development Goal Indicators on Sexual and Reproductive Health
Authors: Le Voir Rosanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper critically reviews evidence on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of people displaced due to conflict and violence, addressing the question, “How visible are displaced persons in sustainable development goal (SDG) indicators on SRH?” Gaps in monitoring processes are not just statistical limitations; indicators are modes of power, and who and what gets measured counts. The data corpus comprises national surveys recommended as data sources for SDG indicators 3.7.1 (contraceptive demand satisfied by modern methods) and 5.6.1 (SRH decision making), conducted in Asia since 2015. The review identifies 31 national surveys collecting data on these indicators, of which six include some form of displacement screening. The quality of displacement questions is mixed, but overall, does not meet recommendations by the Expert Group on Refugee, IDP and Statelessness Statistics. Estimates of SDG indicators 3.7.1 and 5.6.1 are presented for displaced vs. national host populations, but comparability is limited by measurement and representation issues. Certain groups are made invisible, including younger adolescents, older and unmarried women and the heterogeneity of displaced people is blurred.
Staged pain or systemic crisis? Research on the employment effect of enterprise green transformation
Authors: Wang Haixing , Zhou Yaodong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe green transformation is a necessary path for industrialization to reach the advanced stage. Currently, achieving a win-win situation between green transformation and stable employment for residents has become a common concern for theoretical researchers and policymakers. This paper analyzes the influence mechanism of enterprise green transformation on employment using the partial equilibrium model. Furthermore, the employment effect and mechanism of enterprise green transformation are empirically verified with panel data from companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. The results indicate a dynamic non-linear relationship between enterprise green transformation and employment. As the transformation deepens, its impact on employment changes from negative to positive. Mechanism analysis reveals that enterprise green transformation has the potential to induce output growth and employment virtuous cycle. Additionally, environmental protection investment and labor employment in the transformation have a factor complementary effect. There is heterogeneity in the employment impact of enterprise green transformation, especially for production personnel, low-skilled labor, non-state-owned, heavy-polluting, and medium-low-tech enterprises, which experience stronger employment deprivation.
The Influence of Nucleus Mechanics in Modelling Adhesion-independent Cell Migration in Structured and Confined Environments
Authors: Giverso Chiara , Jankowiak Gaspard , Preziosi Luigi , Schmeiser Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent biological experiments (Lämmermann et al. in Nature 453(7191):51–55, 2008; Reversat et al. in Nature 7813:582–585, 2020; Balzer et al. in ASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol 26(10):4045–4056, 2012) have shown that certain types of cells are able to move in structured and confined environments even without the activation of focal adhesion. Focusing on this particular phenomenon and based on previous works (Jankowiak et al. in Math Models Methods Appl Sci 30(03):513–537, 2020), we derive a novel two-dimensional mechanical model, which relies on the following physical ingredients: the asymmetrical renewal of the actin cortex supporting the membrane, resulting in a backward flow of material; the mechanical description of the nuclear membrane and the inner nuclear material; the microtubule network guiding nucleus location; the contact interactions between the cell and the external environment. The resulting fourth order system of partial differential equations is then solved numerically to conduct a study of the qualitative effects of the model parameters, mainly those governing the mechanical properties of the nucleus and the geometry of the confining structure. Coherently with biological observations, we find that cells characterized by a stiff nucleus are unable to migrate in channels that can be crossed by cells with a softer nucleus. Regarding the geometry, cell velocity and ability to migrate are influenced by the width of the channel and the wavelength of the external structure. Even though still preliminary, these results may be potentially useful in determining the physical limit of cell migration in confined environments and in designing scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Geographic Variation in Genomic Signals of Admixture Between Two Closely Related European Sepsid Fly Species
Authors: Giesen Athene , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. , Schäfer Martin A. , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Misof Bernhard , Podsiadlowski Lars , Niehuis Oliver , Lischer Heidi E. L. , Aeschbacher Simon , Kapun Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe extent of interspecific gene flow and its consequences for the initiation, maintenance, and breakdown of species barriers in natural systems remain poorly understood. Interspecific gene flow by hybridization may weaken adaptive divergence, but can be overcome by selection against hybrids, which may ultimately promote reinforcement. An informative step towards understanding the role of gene flow during speciation is to describe patterns of past gene flow among extant species. We investigate signals of admixture between allopatric and sympatric populations of the two closely related European dung fly species Sepsis cynipsea and S. neocynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae). Based on microsatellite genotypes, we first inferred a baseline demographic history using Approximate Bayesian Computation. We then used genomic data from pooled DNA of natural and laboratory populations to test for past interspecific gene flow based on allelic configurations discordant with the inferred population tree (ABBA–BABA test with D-statistic). Comparing the detected signals of gene flow with the contemporary geographic relationship among interspecific pairs of populations (sympatric vs. allopatric), we made two contrasting observations. At one site in the French Cevennes, we detected an excess of past interspecific gene flow, while at two sites in Switzerland we observed lower signals of past microsatellite genotypes gene flow among populations in sympatry compared to allopatric populations. These results suggest that the species boundaries between these two species depend on the past and/or present eco-geographic context in Europe, which indicates that there is no uniform link between contemporary geographic proximity and past interspecific gene flow in natural populations.
Heavy metals in urban dust inside and outside homes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mérida, Yucatán, México
Authors: Andrade Arcaeli , Aguilera Anahí , Gallegos Ángeles , Aguilar Yameli , Quintana Patricia , Bautista Francisco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused a decrease in outdoor activities but an increase in indoor ones. Does this situation cause changes in pollution patterns? The objective of this study was to compare heavy metal contamination in indoor and outdoor dust in homes in the city of Mérida, Yucatán. Dust was collected in 51 homes on the weekends of May 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic when there was a lockdown. Three hundred ninety-six samples were obtained (203 indoors and 193 outdoors on the sidewalk). Heavy metal concentrations were measured in triplicate with a portable XRF Genius 7000 spectrometer from Skyray Instruments. The contamination factor was calculated using a local (decile 1) and a global background value. To identify whether there were differences in indoor and outdoor heavy metal concentrations, mixed linear models were used, and the statistical inference was made using hypothesis tests. The risk to human health was evaluated using the USEPA methodology. Using decile one as background, the contamination factor's median showed moderate contamination for Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), and Yttrium (Y) indoors and outdoors. Using world concentrations as background, higher Ca, Sr, and Y concentrations were found outdoors, while Copper (Cu), Pb, Titanium (Ti), and Zinc (Zn) concentrations were higher indoors. Pb represented a risk of developing health problems for children inside homes. These studies help design public policies to reduce urban emissions and pollution, implement dust and risk management programs, and conduct citizen cleaning campaigns.
How to Improve Decision Making and Acting Under Stress: The Effect of Training with and without Stress on Self-Defense Skills in Police Officers
Authors: Voigt Laura , Zinner Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPressure training (PT) has been shown to counteract performance declines in either a decision-making or a motor task under stress, when the practiced skills were tested in the same task and under the same stressors employed in training. This study tested whether PT also improved performance in a skill that requires both cognitive and motor adaptations to a changing environment. Using a pretest-intervention-posttest design, 84 police officers trained knife-defense skills in various exercises without (control group, n = 33) or with stressors (experimental group, n = 51). Officers’ performance was assessed on several variables in reality-based scenarios before and after training by three independent police trainers using video analyses. Although the experimental group reported more stress and mental effort during the training interventions than the control group, both the experimental and control group improved in all performance variables after training (all p < .05). Contrary to the existing literature, the additional use of simulated stressors did not improve the effectiveness of training. The divergent results may be explained by the type of skill practiced and the difference in training and testing conditions.
Progression of drip irrigation and fertigation in cotton across the globe and its future perspectives for sustainable agriculture: an overview
Authors: Vaddula Yamini , Singh Kulvir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSustainable use and efficient management of water as an agricultural input have become a major global challenge. Agriculture consumes 70% of global freshwater sources, of which cotton alone is consuming 11%, and thus necessitates for appropriate water and fertilizer savvy strategies such as drip irrigation and fertigation. Drip irrigation has slowly progressed from being a novelty in 1960s to be now an accepted method among farmers. However, documented information on progress of drip fertigation in cotton over the last two decades is little available. In this global review, we have summarized a total of 124 studies not only from developed countries like China, USA but also from developing countries like India, and the Middle East showcasing the adoption and practice of drip fertigation in major cotton growing regions over the last 20 years, besides its role in improving productivity and rational resource use in a sustainable manner. Present findings reveal that drip fertigation could save 20–30% fertilizer and around 50–60% of water besides improving cotton yield. However, despite distinguished advantages, its adoption is limited in most of developing countries with the main impediment being the high initial investment. The area in India alone can be increased 15 folds as compared to present acreage under drip, which can translate into huge saving of water and fertilizer resources. Since, the long-term benefits can help to compensate for the initial cost, farmer friendly policies are required to popularize this technology. While providing quantitative evidence of the significant water and fertilizer savings achieved through drip fertigation, this study could significantly contribute to the existing body of knowledge besides helping to reduce water footprint of cotton across the globe.
Interacting with Machines: Can an Artificially Intelligent Agent Be a Partner?
Authors: Schmidt Philipp , Loidolt Sophie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the past decade, the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have seen unprecedented developments that raise human-machine interactions (HMI) to the next level.Smart machines, i.e., machines endowed with artificially intelligent systems, have lost their character as mere instruments. This, at least, seems to be the case if one considers how humans experience their interactions with them. Smart machines are construed to serve complex functions involving increasing degrees of freedom, and they generate solutions not fully anticipated by humans. Consequently, their performances show a touch of action and even autonomy. HMI is therefore often described as a sort of “cooperation” rather than as a mere application of a tool. Some authors even go as far as subsuming cooperation with smart machines under the label ofpartnership, akin to cooperation between human agents sharing a common goal. In this paper, we explore how far the notion of shared agency and partnership can take us in our understanding of human interaction with smart machines. Discussing different topoi related to partnerships in general, we suggest that different kinds of “partnership” depending on the form of interaction between agents need to be kept apart. Building upon these discussions, we propose a tentative taxonomy of different kinds of HMI distinguishing coordination, collaboration, cooperation, and social partnership.
Automatic Identification of Thaw Slumps Based on Neural Network Methods and Thaw Slumping Susceptibility
Authors: Zhang Huarui , Wang Huini , Zhang Jun , Luo Jing , Yin Guoan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThaw slumping is a periglacial process that occurs on slopes in cold environments, where the ground becomes unstable and the surface slides downhill due to saturation with water during thawing. In this study, GaoFen-1 remote sensing and fused multi-source feature data were used to automatically map thaw slumping landforms in the Beilu River Basin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The bi-directional cascade network structure was used to extract edges at different scales, where an individual layer was supervised by labeled edges at its specific scale, rather than directly applying the same supervision to all convolutional neural network outputs. Additionally, we conducted a 5-year multi-scale feature analysis of small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar deformation, normalized difference vegetation index, and slope, among other features. Our study analyzed the performance and accuracy of three methods based on edge object supervised learning and three preconfigured neural networks, ResNet101, VGG16, and ResNet152. Through verification using site surveys and multi-data fusion results, we obtained the best ResNet101 model score of intersection over union of 0.85 (overall accuracy of 84.59%).The value of intersection over union of the VGG and ResNet152 are 0.569 and 0.773, respectively. This work provides a new insight for the potential feasibility of applying the designed edge detection method to map diverse thaw slumping landforms in larger areas with high-resolution images.
Effects of infill temperature on the tensile properties and warping of 3D-printed polylactic acid
Authors: Croccolo Dario , De Agostinis Massimiliano , Fini Stefano , Mele Mattia , Olmi Giorgio , Campana Giampaolo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough extensive research has been carried out on the effects of temperature on the properties of parts by fused filament fabrication, no study considered the opportunity to use different temperatures and cooling strategies for the contour and the infill region. The purpose of this investigation is to explore such an opportunity through an experimental campaign on polylactic acid. Specifically, the variations in tensile properties and warping occurring with different infill temperatures and cooling methods are documented. The results demonstrate that diversifying process parameters used for the contour and infill of the part allow for significant improvements in mechanical properties without affecting the distortion of the manufactured samples. This result can be achieved by either increasing the nozzle temperature or switching off the cooling fan during infilling.
Recent advances and future challenges in federated recommender systems
Authors: Harasic Marko , Keese Felix-Sebastian , Mattern Denny , Paschke Adrian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecommender systems are an integral part of modern-day user experience. They understand their preferences and support them in discovering meaningful content by creating personalized recommendations. With governmental regulations and growing users’ privacy awareness, capturing the required data is a challenging task today. Federated learning is a novel approach for distributed machine learning, which keeps users’ privacy in mind. In federated learning, the participating peers train a global model together, but personal data never leave the device or silo. Recently, the combination of recommender systems and federated learning gained a growing interest in the research community. A new recommender type named federated recommender system was created. This survey presents a comprehensive overview of current research in that field, including federated algorithms, architectural designs, and privacy mechanisms in the federated setting. Furthermore, it points out recent challenges and interesting future directions for further research.
Mutual desecuritization as a model of détente? Foreign policy change in the US-Cuban dyad
Authors: Felfeli Anna , Stahl Bernhard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn foreign policy dyads characterized by enmity, mutual desecuritization can serve as a crucial asset for détente. But how does “the way out of the emergency mode” function, considering mutual securitizations over decades? Embarking from theoretical insights provided by second generation scholars on securitization and desecuritization studies, the authors generate a theory-based model of détente for dyads. This analytical tool contributes to the study of the dissolution of historically grown, mutual (re-)securitization processes in interstate relations. By clarifying the impact and functioning of the four desecuritizing modes (replacement, silencing, change through stabilization, and rearticulation), our model allows us to trace dynamics of change and assess the sustainability of détente. Especially mutual desecuritization as rearticulation has the potential to substantially change the self-other relation with effects on the social structure of a foreign policy dyad. The heuristic case study of US-Cuban relations serves as a prime example of a complex dyad of enmity which became a subject of change due to the Obama–Castro diplomacy in 2014. The study on US-Cuban foreign policy issues before and after 2014 helps to sharpen our understanding of dynamic securitization and desecuritization processes. The overall analysis demonstrates that the modes of desecuritization during the Obama–Castro diplomacy lifted the process of détente to a new and unprecedented level.