bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Environmental and Host Factors on Human Cystic Echinococcosis: A County‐Level Modeling Study in Western China
Authors: Yin Jie , Wu Xiaoxu , Li Chenlu , Han Jiatong , Xiang Hongxu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease caused by tapeworms from the Echinococcus granulosus genus, potentially affected by the environment and host animals. West China is one of the most endemic areas of human CE nation and worldwide. The current study identifies the crucial environmental and host factors of human CE prevalence in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and non‐Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau regions. An optimal county‐level model was used to analyze the association between key factors and human CE prevalence within the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Geodetector analysis and multicollinearity tests identify key factors, and an optimal model is developed through generalized additive models. In the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, four key factors were identified from the 88 variables, such as maximum annual precipitation (Pre), maximum summer normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Tibetan population rate (TibetanR), and positive rates of Echinococcus coproantigen in dogs (DogR). Based on the optimal model, a significant positive linear relationship was observed between maximum annual Pre and human CE prevalence. A probable U‐shaped curve depicts the non‐linear relationship between maximum summer NDVI and the human CE prevalence. Human CE prevalence possesses significant positive non‐linear relationships with TibetanR and DogR. Human CE transmission is integrally affected by environmental and host factors. This explains the mechanism of human CE transmission based on the pathogen, host, and transmission framework. Therefore, the current study provides references and innovative ideas for preventing and controlling human CE in western China.
A New Method for the Identification of Lunar Cryptomaria and Their Analysis in the Schiller‐Schickard Region
Authors: Ma Ming , Chen Jingran , Chen Shengbo , Chao Sun , Lu Tianqi , Han Chenghao , Tian Peng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCryptomaria play critical roles in elucidating the early thermal history of the Moon. In contrast with traditional dark halo impact crater (DHC) identification methods, this study focused on exposed rock (0.5%–29.54% rock abundance) surfaces as windows for cryptomare identification. We classified the lithology of these rock surfaces to find those that match mare basalt using major element oxide products based on data from the Diviner instrument aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and by Lunar Prospector thorium products, in accordance with laboratory lithological classification criteria. Then, by combining the locations of 0.5%–29.54% rock abundance values with the lithologies, we created a map of exposed basaltic rock surfaces and 14 cryptomare candidate regions with dozens of closely spaced basaltic rock pixels were identified across the Moon. Among 14 candidate regions, 11 cryptomaria were consistent with results in literature (Whitten & Head, 2015a; https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ICARUS.2014.09.031) based on DHCs, and 3 cryptomaria were newly identified. In the Schiller‐Schickard region, we refined the boundaries of 18 individual cryptomare units using our rock analysis combined with LRO color shaded relief maps. A detailed analysis of the distribution, composition, area, depth, thickness, and volume and the morphological features of these 18 identified cryptomare units indicates that the basalt materials covered by the Orientale basin or other impact crater ejecta display variable thicknesses and discontinuous layers. These identified cryptomare units and their morphological features provide information on regional stratigraphy as well as on the thermal evolution of the Moon.
Global and Zonal‐Mean Hydrological Response to Early Eocene Warmth
Authors: Cramwinckel Marlow J. , Burls Natalie J. , Fahad Abdullah A. , Knapp Scott , West Christopher K. , Reichgelt Tammo , Greenwood David R. , Chan Wing‐Le , Donnadieu Yannick , Hutchinson David K. , de Boer Agatha M. , Ladant Jean‐Baptiste , Morozova Polina A. , Niezgodzki Igor , Knorr Gregor , Steinig Sebastian , Zhang Zhongshi , Zhu Jiang , Feng Ran , Lunt Daniel J. , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako , Inglis Gordon N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarth's hydrological cycle is expected to intensify in response to global warming, with a “wet‐gets‐wetter, dry‐gets‐drier” response anticipated over the ocean. Subtropical regions (∼15°–30°N/S) are predicted to become drier, yet proxy evidence from past warm climates suggests these regions may be characterized by wetter conditions. Here we use an integrated data‐modeling approach to reconstruct global and zonal‐mean rainfall patterns during the early Eocene (∼56–48 million years ago). The Deep‐Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) model ensemble indicates that the mid‐ (30°–60°N/S) and high‐latitudes (>60°N/S) are characterized by a thermodynamically dominated hydrological response to warming and overall wetter conditions. The tropical band (0°–15°N/S) is also characterized by wetter conditions, with several DeepMIP models simulating narrowing of the Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone. However, the latter is not evident from the proxy data. The subtropics are characterized by negative precipitation‐evaporation anomalies (i.e., drier conditions) in the DeepMIP models, but there is surprisingly large inter‐model variability in mean annual precipitation (MAP). Intriguingly, we find that models with weaker meridional temperature gradients (e.g., CESM, GFDL) are characterized by a reduction in subtropical moisture divergence, leading to an increase in MAP. These model simulations agree more closely with our new proxy‐derived precipitation reconstructions and other key climate metrics and imply that the early Eocene was characterized by reduced subtropical moisture divergence. If the meridional temperature gradient was even weaker than suggested by those DeepMIP models, circulation‐induced changes may have outcompeted thermodynamic changes, leading to wetter subtropics. This highlights the importance of accurately reconstructing zonal temperature gradients when reconstructing past rainfall patterns.
Stabilization of pre-existing neurotensin receptor conformational states by β-arrestin-1 and the biased allosteric modulator ML314
Authors: Bumbak Fabian , Bower James B. , Zemmer Skylar C. , Inoue Asuka , Pons Miquel , Paniagua Juan Carlos , Yan Fei , Ford James , Wu Hongwei , Robson Scott A. , Bathgate Ross A. D. , Scott Daniel J. , Gooley Paul R. , Ziarek Joshua J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe neurotensin receptor 1 (NTS1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with promise as a drug target for the treatment of pain, schizophrenia, obesity, addiction, and various cancers. A detailed picture of the NTS1 structural landscape has been established by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM and yet, the molecular determinants for why a receptor couples to G protein versus arrestin transducers remain poorly defined. We used 13CεH3-methionine NMR spectroscopy to show that binding of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to the receptor’s intracellular surface allosterically tunes the timescale of motions at the orthosteric pocket and conserved activation motifs – without dramatically altering the structural ensemble. β-arrestin-1 further remodels the receptor ensemble by reducing conformational exchange kinetics for a subset of resonances, whereas G protein coupling has little to no effect on exchange rates. A β-arrestin biased allosteric modulator transforms the NTS1:G protein complex into a concatenation of substates, without triggering transducer dissociation, suggesting that it may function by stabilizing signaling incompetent G protein conformations such as the non-canonical state. Together, our work demonstrates the importance of kinetic information to a complete picture of the GPCR activation landscape.
Three-dimensional printing of silica glass with sub-micrometer resolution
Authors: Huang Po-Han , Laakso Miku , Edinger Pierre , Hartwig Oliver , Duesberg Georg S. , Lai Lee-Lun , Mayer Joachim , Nyman Johan , Errando-Herranz Carlos , Stemme Göran , Gylfason Kristinn B. , Niklaus Frank 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSilica glass is a high-performance material used in many applications such as lenses, glassware, and fibers. However, modern additive manufacturing of micro-scale silica glass structures requires sintering of 3D-printed silica-nanoparticle-loaded composites at ~1200 °C, which causes substantial structural shrinkage and limits the choice of substrate materials. Here, 3D printing of solid silica glass with sub-micrometer resolution is demonstrated without the need of a sintering step. This is achieved by locally crosslinking hydrogen silsesquioxane to silica glass using nonlinear absorption of sub-picosecond laser pulses. The as-printed glass is optically transparent but shows a high ratio of 4-membered silicon-oxygen rings and photoluminescence. Optional annealing at 900 °C makes the glass indistinguishable from fused silica. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by 3D printing an optical microtoroid resonator, a luminescence source, and a suspended plate on an optical-fiber tip. This approach enables promising applications in fields such as photonics, medicine, and quantum-optics.
Two-photon imaging of soliton dynamics
Authors: Sterczewski Łukasz A. , Sotor Jarosław 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptical solitary waves (solitons) that interact in a nonlinear system can bind and form a structure similar to a molecule. The rich dynamics of this process have created a demand for rapid spectral characterization to deepen the understanding of soliton physics with many practical implications. Here, we demonstrate stroboscopic, two-photon imaging of soliton molecules (SM) with completely unsynchronized lasers, where the wavelength and bandwidth constraints are considerably eased compared to conventional imaging techniques. Two-photon detection enables the probe and tested oscillator to operate at completely different wavelengths, which permits mature near-infrared laser technology to be leveraged for rapid SM studies of emerging long-wavelength laser sources. As a demonstration, using a 1550 nm probe laser we image the behavior of soliton singlets across the 1800–2100 nm range, and capture the rich dynamics of evolving multiatomic SM. This technique may prove to be an essential, easy-to-implement diagnostic tool for detecting the presence of loosely-bound SM, which often remain unnoticed due to instrumental resolution or bandwidth limitations.
A shared neural code for the physics of actions and object events
Authors: Karakose-Akbiyik Seda , Caramazza Alfonso , Wurm Moritz F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObserving others’ actions recruits frontoparietal and posterior temporal brain regions – also called the action observation network. It is typically assumed that these regions support recognizing actions of animate entities (e.g., person jumping over a box). However, objects can also participate in events with rich meaning and structure (e.g., ball bouncing over a box). So far, it has not been clarified which brain regions encode information specific to goal-directed actions or more general information that also defines object events. Here, we show a shared neural code for visually presented actions and object events throughout the action observation network. We argue that this neural representation captures the structure and physics of events regardless of animacy. We find that lateral occipitotemporal cortex encodes information about events that is also invariant to stimulus modality. Our results shed light onto the representational profiles of posterior temporal and frontoparietal cortices, and their roles in encoding event information.
PXL1 and SERKs act as receptor–coreceptor complexes for the CLE19 peptide to regulate pollen development
Authors: Yu Ying , Song Wen , Zhai Nuo , Zhang Shiting , Wang Jianzheng , Wang Shuangshuang , Liu Weijia , Huang Chien-Hsun , Ma Hong , Chai Jijie , Chang Fang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGametophyte development in angiosperms occurs within diploid sporophytic structures and requires coordinated development; e.g., development of the male gametophyte pollen depends on the surrounding sporophytic tissue, the tapetum. The mechanisms underlying this interaction remain poorly characterized. The peptide CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 19 (CLE19) plays a “braking” role in preventing the harmful overexpression of tapetum transcriptional regulators to ensure normal pollen development in Arabidopsis. However, the CLE19 receptor is unknown. Here, we show that CLE19 interacts directly with the PXY-LIKE1 (PXL1) ectodomain and induces PXL1 phosphorylation. PXL1 is also required for the function of CLE19 in maintaining the tapetal transcriptional regulation of pollen exine genes. Additionally, CLE19 induces the interactions of PXL1 with SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) coreceptors required for pollen development. We propose that PXL1 and SERKs act as receptor and coreceptor, respectively, of the extracellular CLE19 signal, thereby regulating tapetum gene expression and pollen development.
Saturated fat replacement in short dough biscuits with HPMC and lecithin stabilised nanoemulsions
Authors: Kampa Jansuda , Bull Stephanie P. , Signorello Antonio , Frazier Richard A. , Rodriguez-Garcia Julia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiscuits contain high proportions of saturated fats, which could lead to an adverse health effect. The objective of this study was to study the functionality of a complex nanoemulsion (CNE), stabilised with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and lecithin, when used as a saturated fat replacer in short dough biscuits. Four biscuit formulations were studied including a control (butter) and three formulations where 33% of the butter was replaced with either extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), with CNE, or with the individual ingredients of the nanoemulsion added separately (INE). The biscuits were evaluated by texture analysis, microstructural characterisation, and quantitative descriptive analysis by a trained sensory panel. The results showed that incorporation of CNE and INE yielded doughs and biscuits with significantly higher (p < 0.05) hardness and fracture strength values than the control. The doughs made of CNE and INE showed significantly less oil migration during the storage than EVOO formulations, which was confirmed by the confocal images. The trained panel did not find significant differences in crumb density and hardness on the first bite among CNE, INE and the control. In conclusion, nanoemulsions stabilised with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and lecithin can work as saturated fat replacers in short dough biscuits, providing satisfactory physical characteristics and sensory attributes.
Large scale proteomic studies create novel privacy considerations
Authors: Hill Andrew C. , Guo Claire , Litkowski Elizabeth M. , Manichaikul Ani W. , Yu Bing , Konigsberg Iain R. , Gorbet Betty A. , Lange Leslie A. , Pratte Katherine A. , Kechris Katerina J. , DeCamp Matthew , Coors Marilyn , Ortega Victor E. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Gerzsten Robert E. , Clish Clary B. , Curtis Jeffrey L. , Hu Xiaowei , Obeidat Ma-en , Morris Melody , Loureiro Joseph , Ngo Debby , O’Neal Wanda K. , Meyers Deborah A. , Bleecker Eugene R. , Hobbs Brian D. , Cho Michael H. , Banaei-Kashani Farnoush , Bowler Russell P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrivacy protection is a core principle of genomic but not proteomic research. We identified independent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) quantitative trait loci (pQTL) from COPDGene and Jackson Heart Study (JHS), calculated continuous protein level genotype probabilities, and then applied a naïve Bayesian approach to link SomaScan 1.3K proteomes to genomes for 2812 independent subjects from COPDGene, JHS, SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We correctly linked 90–95% of proteomes to their correct genome and for 95–99% we identify the 1% most likely links. The linking accuracy in subjects with African ancestry was lower (~ 60%) unless training included diverse subjects. With larger profiling (SomaScan 5K) in the Atherosclerosis Risk Communities (ARIC) correct identification was > 99% even in mixed ancestry populations. We also linked proteomes-to-proteomes and used the proteome only to determine features such as sex, ancestry, and first-degree relatives. When serial proteomes are available, the linking algorithm can be used to identify and correct mislabeled samples. This work also demonstrates the importance of including diverse populations in omics research and that large proteomic datasets (> 1000 proteins) can be accurately linked to a specific genome through pQTL knowledge and should not be considered unidentifiable.
On learning agent-based models from data
Authors: Monti Corrado , Pangallo Marco , De Francisci Morales Gianmarco , Bonchi Francesco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAgent-Based Models (ABMs) are used in several fields to study the evolution of complex systems from micro-level assumptions. However, a significant drawback of ABMs is their inability to estimate agent-specific (or “micro”) variables, which hinders their ability to make accurate predictions using micro-level data. In this paper, we propose a protocol to learn the latent micro-variables of an ABM from data. We begin by translating an ABM into a probabilistic model characterized by a computationally tractable likelihood. Next, we use a gradient-based expectation maximization algorithm to maximize the likelihood of the latent variables. We showcase the efficacy of our protocol on an ABM of the housing market, where agents with different incomes bid higher prices to live in high-income neighborhoods. Our protocol produces accurate estimates of the latent variables while preserving the general behavior of the ABM. Moreover, our estimates substantially improve the out-of-sample forecasting capabilities of the ABM compared to simpler heuristics. Our protocol encourages modelers to articulate assumptions, consider the inferential process, and spot potential identification problems, thus making it a useful alternative to black-box data assimilation methods.
The rhythm of chemotherapy and the felt experience of time: a front-loaded phenomenological retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moskalewicz Marcin , Kordel Piotr , Kokociński Maciej , Wiertlewska-Bielarz Jadwiga , Makowski Piotr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is well-known that chemotherapy brings about various adverse physical effects such as fatigue, nausea, or vomiting, and that it lowers mental well-being. It is less known that it desynchronizes patients with social environment. This study explores the temporal aspects and challenges of chemotherapy. Three groups equal in size and distinguished according to weekly, biweekly, and triweekly treatment schemes, each independently representative in terms of sex and age of the cancer population (total N = 440) were compared. The study found that chemotherapy sessions, regardless of their frequency, patients’ age, and the overall length of treatment, have a very large effect on changing the felt pace of time from flying to dragging (Cohen’s d = 1.6655). Most patients pay more attention to the passing of time than before treatment (59.3%), which has to do with the disease (77.4%). They also experience the loss of control over time, which they subsequently attempt to regain. The patients’ actual activities before and after chemotherapy, however, are mostly the same. All these aspects create a unique 'chemo-rhythm', in which the significance of the type of cancer and demographic variables is negligible, and the mere rhythmic nature of treatment plays a central role. In conclusion, patients find the ‘chemo-rhythm’ stressful, unpleasant and difficult to control. It is vital to prepare them for it and help to reduce its adverse effects.
Parallel and anti-parallel helical surface states for topological semimetals
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Murakami Shuichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWeyl points, carrying a Z-type monopole charge $$C$$
C
, have bulk-surface correspondence (BSC) associated with helical surface states (HSSs). When |$$C$$
C
| $$>1$$

>
1

, multi-HSSs can appear in a parallel manner. However, when a pair of Weyl points carrying $$C$$
C
$$=\pm 1$$

=
±
1

meet, a Dirac point carrying $$C$$
C
= 0 can be obtained and the BSC vanishes. Nonetheless, a recent study in Zhang et al. (Phys Rev Res 4:033170, 2022) shows that a new BSC can survive for Dirac points when the system has time-reversal ($${T}$$
T
)-glide ($${G}$$
G
) symmetry ($${\tilde{\Theta }}$$

Θ
~

=TG), i.e., anti-parallel double/quad-HSSs associated with a new $$Z_{2}$$

Z
2

-type monopole charge $${Q}$$
Q
appear. In this paper, we systematically review and discuss both the parallel and anti-parallel multi-HSSs for Weyl and Dirac points, carrying two different kinds of monopole charges. Two material examples are offered to understand the whole configuration of multi-HSSs. One carries the Z-type monopole charge $$C$$
C
, showing both local and global topology for three kinds of Weyl points, and it leads to parallel multi-HSSs. The other carries the $$Z_{2}$$

Z
2

-type monopole charge $${Q}$$
Q
, only showing the global topology for $${\tilde{\Theta }}$$

Θ
~

-invariant Dirac points, and it is accompanied by anti-parallel multi-HSSs.
Combining machine learning with Cox models to identify predictors for incident post-menopausal breast cancer in the UK Biobank
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Morelli Davide , Littlejohns Thomas J. , Clifton David A. , Clifton Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe aimed to identify potential novel predictors for breast cancer among post-menopausal women, with pre-specified interest in the role of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for risk prediction. We utilised an analysis pipeline where machine learning was used for feature selection, prior to risk prediction by classical statistical models. An “extreme gradient boosting” (XGBoost) machine with Shapley feature-importance measures were used for feature selection among $$\approx$$
≈
1.7 k features in 104,313 post-menopausal women from the UK Biobank. We constructed and compared the “augmented” Cox model (incorporating the two PRS, known and novel predictors) with a “baseline” Cox model (incorporating the two PRS and known predictors) for risk prediction. Both of the two PRS were significant in the augmented Cox model ($$p<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

). XGBoost identified 10 novel features, among which five showed significant associations with post-menopausal breast cancer: plasma urea (HR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.98, $$p<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

), plasma phosphate (HR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.88, $$p=0.003$$

p
=
0.003

), basal metabolic rate (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.11–1.24, $$p<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

), red blood cell count (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.35, $$p<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

), and creatinine in urine (HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09, $$p=0.006$$

p
=
0.006

). Risk discrimination was maintained in the augmented Cox model, yielding C-index 0.673 vs 0.667 (baseline Cox model) with the training data and 0.665 vs 0.664 with the test data. We identified blood/urine biomarkers as potential novel predictors for post-menopausal breast cancer. Our findings provide new insights to breast cancer risk. Future research should validate novel predictors, investigate using multiple PRS and more precise anthropometry measures for better breast cancer risk prediction.