bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Ordering on Generalized ‘n’ Gonal Linear Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Velu Lakshmana Gomathi Nayagam , Ramalingam Bharanidharan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZadeh introduced fuzzy sets to study imprecision in real life after which many generalizations have been developed in literature. Fuzzy numbers is the major research area of study because of its needfulness for modeling qualitative and imprecise continuous transitions. Most of the time, data involved in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) will be in the form of fuzzy numbers due to qualitative and continuous deforming criteria. Different methods of defining total ordering on the class of fuzzy numbers have important role in MCDM to find the preference order of alternatives. Many total ordering techniques for various types of piecewise linear fuzzy numbers such as triangular (3-sided), trapezoidal (4-sided), pentagonal (5-sided), hexagonal (6-sided) and so on are available in the literature. In this paper, a generalized ‘n’gonal linear fuzzy number (n-sided) as a generalization of triangular (3-sided), trapezoidal (4-sided), pentagonal (5-sided), hexagonal (6-sided) and so on is defined and a method of defining total ordering on the class of generalized ‘n’gonal linear fuzzy numbers (n-sided) which generalizes total ordering methods defined for triangular (3-sided), trapezoidal (4-sided), pentagonal (5-sided), hexagonal (6-sided) and so on in the literature has been proposed and analyzed. Further, a similarity measure on ‘n’ gonal linear fuzzy numbers using the proposed midpoint score function is also defined and the applicability of the proposed operations, total ordering method and similarity measure on ‘n’ gonal linear fuzzy numbers in MCDM is shown by comparing with some other methods in the literature.
Place Names
Authors: Perono Cacciafoco Francesco , Cavallaro Francesco 
Published: March 2023

What are place names? From where do they originate? How are they structured? What do they signify? How important are they in our life? This groundbreaking book explores these compelling questions and more by providing a thorough introduction to the assumptions, theories, terminology, and methods in toponymy and toponomastics – the studies of place names, or toponyms. It is the first comprehensive resource on the topic in a single volume, and explores the history and development of toponyms, focusing on the conceptual and methodological issues pertinent to the study of place names around the world. It presents a wide range of examples and case studies illustrating the structure, function, and importance of toponyms from ancient times to the present day. Wide ranging yet accessible, it is an indispensable source of knowledge for students and scholars in linguistics, toponymy and toponomastics, onomastics, etymology, and historical linguistics.
Competencies supporting high-performance translational teams: A review of the SciTS evidence base
Authors: Brasier Allan R. , Burnside Elizabeth S. , Rolland Betsy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A translational team (TT) is a specific type of interdisciplinary team that seeks to improve human health. Because high-performing TTs are critical to accomplishing CTSA goals, a greater understanding of how to promote TT performance is needed. Previous work by a CTSA Workgroup formulated a taxonomy of 5 interrelated team-emergent competency “domains” for successful translation: 1). affect, 2). communication, 3). management, 4). collaborative problem-solving, and 5). leadership. These Knowledge Skills and Attitudes (KSAs) develop within teams from the team’s interactions. However, understanding how practice in these domains enhance team performance was unaddressed. To fill this gap, we conducted a scoping literature review of empirical team studies from the broader Science of Team Science literature domains. We identified specific team-emergent KSAs that enhance TT performance, mapped these to the earlier “domain” taxonomy, and developed a rubric for their assessment. This work identifies important areas of intersection of practices in specific competencies across other competency domains. We find that inclusive environment, openness to transdisciplinary knowledge sharing, and situational leadership are a core triad of team-emergent competencies that reinforce each other and are highly linked to team performance. Finally, we identify strategies for enhancing these competencies. This work provides a grounded approach for training interventions in the CTSA context.
Is remote measurement a better assessment of internet censorship than expert analysis? Analyzing tradeoffs for international donors and advocacy organizations of current data and methodologies
Authors: Fletcher Terry , Hayes-Birchler Andria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDonor organizations and multilaterals require ways to measure progress toward the goals of creating an open internet, and condition assistance on recipient governments maintaining access to information online. Because the internet is increasingly becoming a leading tool for exchanging information, authoritarian governments around the world often seek methods to restrict citizens’ access. Two of the most common methods for restricting the internet are shutting down internet access entirely and filtering specific content. We conduct a systematic literature review of articles on the measurement of internet censorship and find that little work has been done comparing the tradeoffs of using different methods to measure censorship on a global scale. We compare the tradeoffs between measuring these phenomena using expert analysis (as measured by Freedom House and V-Dem) and remote measurement with manual oversight (as measured by Access Now and the OpenNet Initiative [ONI]) for donor organizations that want to incentivize and measure good internet governance. We find that remote measurement with manual oversight is less likely to include false positives, and therefore may be more preferable for donor organizations that value verifiability. We also find that expert analysis is less likely to include false negatives, particularly for very repressive regimes in the Middle East and Central Asia and therefore these data may be preferable for advocacy organizations that want to ensure very repressive regimes are not able to avoid accountability, or organizations working primarily in these areas.
Capital investment, business behaviour, and the macroeconomy
Authors: Baddeley Michelle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGC Harcourt made many fundamental and essential contributions to the development of capital investment theory – most famously via his development of the Cambridge Capital Controversies, exposing conceptual and analytical flaws and contradictions in neoclassical approaches to defining and measuring capital. Relatedly, Harcourt also made essential contributions to our understanding of how accounting rules, used by real-world businesses to guide their investment decision-making, create anomalies and deficiencies in the accumulation of capital at a microeconomic level – with significant, deleterious consequences for the accumulation of capital at a macroeconomic level. In developing Harcourt’s contributions, this paper links Harcourt’s early insights about accounting rules with subsequent developments in behavioural economic models of business decision-making, thus aligning Harcourt’s contributions with insights from behavioural models of investment decision-making. These insights are then combined in showing how the misapplication of investment appraisal criteria at a microeconomic level contributes to under-investment and investment volatility in the macroeconomy, with negative implications for output, employment, labour productivity, wages and cyclical volatility.
Making an economic argument for investment in global mental health: The case of conflict-affected refugees and displaced people
Authors: McDaid David , Park A-La 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Mental health expenditure accounts for just 2.1% of total domestic governmental health expenditure per capita. There is an economic, as well as moral, imperative to invest more in mental health given the long-term adverse impacts of mental disorders. This paper focuses on how economic evidence can be used to support the case for action on global mental health, focusing on refugees and people displaced due to conflict. Refugees present almost unique challenges as some policy makers may be reluctant to divert scarce resources away from the domestic population to these population groups. A rapid systematic scoping review was also undertaken to identify economic evaluations of mental health-related interventions for refugees and displaced people and to look at how this evidence base can be strengthened. Only 11 economic evaluations focused on the mental health of refugees, asylum seekers and other displaced people were identified. All but two of these intervention studies potentially could be cost-effective, but only five studies reported cost per quality-adjusted life year gained, a metric allowing the economic case for investment in refugee mental health to be compared with any other health-focused intervention. There is a need for more consistent collection of data on quality of life and the longer-term impacts of intervention. The perspective adopted in economic evaluations may also need broadening to include intersectoral benefits beyond health, as well as identifying complementary benefits to host communities. More use can be also made of modelling, drawing on existing evidence on the effectiveness and resource requirements of interventions delivered in comparable settings to expand the current evidence base. The budgetary impact of any proposed strategy should be considered; modelling could also be used to look at how implementation might be adapted to contain costs and take account of local contextual factors.
TIGHT EVENTUALLY DIFFERENT FAMILIES
Authors: FISCHER VERA , SWITZER COREY BACAL 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGeneralizing the notion of a tight almost disjoint family, we introduce the notions of a tight eventually different family of functions in Baire space and a tight eventually different set of permutations of
$\omega $
. Such sets strengthen maximality, exist under
$\mathsf {MA} (\sigma \mathrm {-centered})$
and come with a properness preservation theorem. The notion of tightness also generalizes earlier work on the forcing indestructibility of maximality of families of functions. As a result we compute the cardinals
$\mathfrak {a}_e$
and
$\mathfrak {a}_p$
in many known models by giving explicit witnesses and therefore obtain the consistency of several constellations of cardinal characteristics of the continuum including
$\mathfrak {a}_e = \mathfrak {a}_p = \mathfrak {d} < \mathfrak {a}_T$
,
$\mathfrak {a}_e = \mathfrak {a}_p < \mathfrak {d} = \mathfrak {a}_T$
,
$\mathfrak {a}_e = \mathfrak {a}_p =\mathfrak {i} < \mathfrak {u}$
, and
$\mathfrak {a}_e=\mathfrak {a}_p = \mathfrak {a} < non(\mathcal N) = cof(\mathcal N)$
. We also show that there are
$\Pi ^1_1$
tight eventually different families and tight eventually different sets of permutations in L thus obtaining the above inequalities alongside
$\Pi ^1_1$
witnesses for
$\mathfrak {a}_e = \mathfrak {a}_p = \aleph _1$
.Moreover, we prove that tight eventually different families are Cohen indestructible and are never analytic.
Security interests and knowing receipt
Authors: Glister Jamie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThird parties who receive trust property with knowledge that the transfer to them was a breach of trust will be liable in knowing receipt. Knowing receipt has grown quickly in importance in recent years and many of the finer points of the doctrine are still being worked out. This paper discusses one such issue: whether liability can exist when the third party acquires a security interest in trust property, rather than the underlying trust property itself. This point has not yet been considered by English courts, although it has been examined in cases from Australia, Canada and Hong Kong. The paper analyses the existing authorities in the context of the wider law relating to knowing receipt and explains the conceptual difficulties and practical problems with allowing liability to be grounded on the receipt of a mere security interest in trust property.
Universal Neumes: Chant Theory in Messiaen’s Aesthetics
Authors: LUNDBLAD JONAS 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGregorian chant exerted a pivotal influence on Olivier Messiaen’s spiritual and musical universe. Scholars have noted his theological preference for this repertoire and its central role in his organ playing, and have observed how some of Messiaen’s melodies contain obvious traces from chants. Recent analytical work has ventured further and shown how plainchant in fact served as a melodic and formal matrix behind the composer’s musical language. This article raises the additional claim that Messiaen’s employment of plainchant rested upon an idiosyncratic and questionable – but largely coherent – theory of neumes as a more or less universal feature in music. A quasi-archaeological reconstruction proves necessary to reconstruct this conception from the composer’s fragmentary and enigmatic statements. The article investigates Messiaen’s readings of Vincent d’Indy and Dom André Mocquereau, including ideas from Hugo Riemann, showing that rhythm is a most central element in their similar connections between chant and freedom of expressivity in contemporary music. All in all, chant theory is highlighted as a vital element in analyses of Messiaen’s own music, as well as a theoretical framework that explains many of the composer’s seemingly eclectic connections between different repertoires.
Music and Austrofascism: Radio, Pan-Germanism and the Reinvention of the Wiener Symphoniker
Authors: ATTFIELD NICHOLAS 
Published: March 2023

Abstract‘Austrofascist’ has again become an accepted term to describe the Austrian regime from 1933 to 1938. This article contributes to this re-emergence using the example of the Wiener Symphoniker, and by seeking long-term ‘fascistization’ processes surrounding the orchestra rather than blunt comparisons against developments in neighbouring regimes. The account hinges on the Austrian radio service (RAVAG), through which, during the economic crises of the 1920s, the state exerted alignment pressure on many cultural institutions. As Chancellor Dollfuss declared the ‘depoliticization’ of Austria (the banning of political parties) in 1933, RAVAG used its leverage to break the orchestra’s union alliances and dictate personnel selection according to politics. On this foundation, new radio series like Stunde österreichischer Komponisten der Gegenwart (‘Austrian Composers of the Present’) extolled ‘pan-Germanism’: a nationalist ideology that proclaimed the European supremacy of German Austrians and attempted to forge an Austrofascist community – even as it simultaneously created exploitable overlap with National Socialism.
Orthotropic behaviour of shells and stability of uniaxially compressed cylinders
Authors: Hanna M. S. , Beshara A. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShells, stability under various types of loadings and their combinations have not yet been completely investigated. This is due to incomplete knowledge of shell philosophy. The aim of this study is to provide a complete and integrated method for treating shell problems on a pure statical basis. This study introduces shell orthotropic behaviour, discusses hoop stress resultant actions, and applies the shell equilibrium equations to a uniaxially compressed cylindrical shell with finite length and fixed ends. Theoretical results are also compared with previously published experimental work. The behaviour of shells in elastic and plasto-elastic range is discussed for a wide range of shell geometries (dimensions), material properties, methods of manufacture, material imperfections, and methods of load application. From this study we conclude mainly that shells behave orthotropically. Their flexural rigidities are related to their radii of curvature and the resultant buckling mode. The buckling strength of a shell depends on shell geometry, material properties, buckling mode and shell coefficient H. This shell coefficient is affected by the method of manufacture, existing imperfections, degree of plasticity, and the method of load application. H can be evaluated by experiment.
Windtunnel experimental investigation of a high performance aircraft model
Authors: Guglieri G. , Quagliotti F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper some experimental results related to a calibration model (the Standard Dynamics Model, SDM) are presented.The wind tunnel test activity is based on static force measurements and flow visualisations. The behaviour of the fuselage on its own is analysed and a correlation with some available prevision theories for the onset of asymmetries on ogival forebodies is proposed.A complete set of static data for the SDM is introduced, evaluating the main aerodynamic interactions between the various elements of the configuration.A series of flow visualisations was performed to verify with qualitative results the validity of the conclusions found from the analysis of the static coefficients.
Cavity drag at transonic speeds
Authors: Squire L. C. , Nasser S. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an investigation of the flow around rectangular and chamfered cavities at high subsonic and low supersonic speeds. Pressures measured on the faces of the cavities are integrated to find the pressure drag of the cavities. The types of cavity tested range from simple sawcuts to cavities so long that the two ends can be regarded as independent and the results for these are compared with the sum of the drags of isolated forward and rear facing steps.Although the Reynolds numbers of the tests are similar to those in flight conditions the maximum depth of the cavities tested is only 6 mm so that the pressure resolution on the vertical faces of the cavities is limited. In spite of this it is estimated that the maximum error in the drag of any particular cavity is less than the skin friction drag on a smooth surface equal in area to half the plan area of the cavity.
Gas jets in an arbitrary stream
Authors: So R. M. C. , Aksoy H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSelf-preserving turbulent flows in the farfield of binary gas jets in an arbitrary stream are investigated. The governing equations solved are valid for jet flows only and are not applicable to wake flows where a linearised set of boundary layer equations are more appropriate. Gaussian error-functions are assumed for the mean excess velocity and mass fraction distributions. Thus formulated, the eddy diffusivities for momentum and mass are evaluated by solving the governing equations and are shown to vary across and along the jet. A condition is imposed on the eddy momentum diffusivity so that it correctly approaches the limiting behaviour for the case of an incompressible free round jet. This condition gives rise to an auxiliary equation for the determination of the decay of centreline properties and jet growth. The new and more general auxiliary equation is shown to model fluid entrainment and to reduce correctly to previous equations derived for the special cases of free gas jets and incompressible heated jets in a co-flowing stream. Thus deduced, the new auxiliary equation is solved together with other conservation equations to yield a set of growth rate and decay laws. The derived growth rate and decay laws correctly approach the various laws derived earlier for different special cases and correlate well with experimental measurements reported in the literature. The present solutions also represent solutions for compressible jets in a general stream where the pressure field is constant. Finally, this approach of analysing the self-preserving mean jet flow is also applicable to the study of wake flows where the linearised boundary-layer equations are solved.
A vortex lattice method for thin wings oscillating in ideal flow
Authors: Laha M. K. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe planar vortex lattice method is extended to the case of wings in small-amplitude oscillations in ideal flow. Vortex rings are used to represent the bound vorticity on the wing and the trailing vorticity in the wake. A modified procedure for solving the unknown vortex strengths gives greater computing efficiency. Comparisons with results reported in the literature show good agreement for the various test cases considered. Convergence with increasing lattice density is uniform.
An economic puzzle for airline management — how to cover mandatory investments
Authors: Mariani J.M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA major structural problem in the air transport industry is the very small profit margin i.e. 2-3% over a long period, e.g. 1970-1990. But the industry has to make heavy investment (12-15% of yearly turnover) on a regular basis in market growth and fleet renewal.As airline cash flow is often insufficient they have to raise equity (limited returns in view of the low profit margins) and inevitably suffer from chronic debt. This is all the more expensive as an airline is often short of capital and made worse when interest rates are high (as is currently the case in France).The current financial situation was caused by an unprecedented overcapacity crisis, in a time of economic stagnation. This has shown no sign of improvement since the Gulf conflict, and is all the more crucial today because it comes at a time when the air transport industry in general, and Air France in particular, are taking delivery of a large number of new aircraft.This paper examines a specific case, Air France. This will enable some overall conclusions to be drawn, thereby making an effective contribution to restoring this sector to a sound economic balance in the medium term.The problem does not just concern airlines. The aircraft financing sector is beginning to feel the effects of the crisis. They might do well to draw the necessary conclusions from this study. Also, one must not forget the aircraft manufacturers, who without doubt still have to face the bulk of the crisis ahead.
Introduction: Punitive Perspectives on Labour Management
Authors: De Vito Christian G. , Fagbore Adam S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhat is the historical role of punishment in the management of labour? This is the central question of this Special Issue of the International Review of Social History (IRSH), “Punishing Workers, Managing Labour”. Through a close reading of the diverse range of articles included in this Special Issue and by addressing the relatively extensive but highly fragmented scholarship on the subject, this introduction argues that the key to labour management lay in the interplay of differentiated forms of punishment with distinct labour relations, rather than in the imposition of one punitive regime onto an undifferentiated workforce. In other words, the effective management of labour required the systematic differentiation of the workforce; to that end, the imposition of diversified forms of punishment did not merely reflect existing labour distinctions, but also contributed to creating them. This point leads us to address broader methodological and theoretical issues about how we can analyse such complex interactions: how we can compare the role of punishment in the management of labour across space and time, and how our findings can be used to explain short- and long-term historical changes.