bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of stabilization of sedation by Nasal High Flow in patients with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during sedation using Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Ayuse Takao , Kurata Shinji , Mori Tomotaka , Kuroda Shohei , Ichinomiya Taiga , Yano Rintaro , Mishima Gaku , Ozawa Eisuke , Tatkov Stanislav , Sato Shuntaro , Kazuhiko Nakao , Hara Tetsuya 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Dexmedetomidine is used for the sedation method in the case of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for the purpose of relieving patient anxiety. It has been reported that CO2 accumulated during sedation causes an arousal reaction, so how to normalize CO2 during sedation can be improved by administration of the minimum necessary sedative.
Nasal High Flow oxygen therapy (NHF) uses a mild positive pressure load that improves carbon dioxide washout and reduces rebreathing to improve respiratory function and therefore is widely used to prevent hypoxemia and hypercapnia. In this study, we will investigate whether the upper airway patency would be maintained and the hypercapnia and hypoxemia during sedation would be prevented, by applying NHF as a respiratory management method to patients undergoing ERCP under sedation.

Methods/design:
In a randomized comparative study of 2 groups, the NHF device use group and the nasal cannula use group, for adult patients who visited the Nagasaki University Hospital and underwent ERCP examination under sedation. For sedation, Dexmedetomidine will be used in combination with and Midazolam and evaluation by anesthesiologist. In addition, as an analgesic, pethidine hydrochloride was administered intravenously. The total dose of the analgesic pethidine hydrochloride used in combination is used as the primary endpoint. As a secondary evaluation item, the percutaneous CO2 concentration is evaluated with a TCO2 monitor to examine whether it is effective in preventing hypercapnia. Furthermore, we will evaluate the incidence of hypoxemia with a percutaneous oxygen saturation value of 90% or less, and examine whether the use of equipment is effective in preventing the occurrence of hypercapnia and hypoxemia.

Discussion:
The purpose of this study was to obtain evidence for the utility of NHF as a potential therapeutic device for patients undergoing an ERCP under sedation, assessed by determining if the incidence rates of hypercapnia and hypoxemia decreased in the NHF device group, compared to the control group that did not use of this device.
Risk factors for mortality and clinical presentation of Monkeypox: a prospective cohort study in a HIV reference center
Authors: Triana-González Salma , Román-López Cristina , Mauss Stefan , Cano-Díaz Ana Luz , Mata-Marín José Antonio , Pérez-Barragán Edgar , Pompa-Mera Ericka , Gaytán-Martínez Jesús Enrique 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
To describe risk factors for mortality and clinical characteristics in patients with mpox infection at a reference hospital in Mexico.

Design:
A prospective cohort study was conducted from September to December 2022 at Hospital de Infectología La Raza National Medical Center.

Methods:
Study subjects were patients that met operational definition of confirmed case of mpox according to WHO criteria. Information was obtained through a case report form that included epidemiological, clinical, and biochemical information. The follow-up period was from initial evaluation for hospitalization until discharge due to clinical improvement or death. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Results:
72 patients were included in the analysis, 64/72 (88.9%) were PLHIV. Of the total of patients 71/72 (98.6%) were male, with a median age of 32 years old (95%CI, IQR 27–37). Coinfection with sexually transmitted infections was reported in 30/72 (41.7%). The overall mortality was 5/72 (6.9%). The incidence of mortality rate in PLHIV was 6.3%. Median days from onset of symptoms to death from any cause during hospitalization was 50 days (95%CI, IQR 38–62). Risk factors for mpox mortality in the bivariate analysis were CD4+ cells count ≤100 cells/μl at the time of assessment RR 20 (95%CI, IQR 6.6–60.2) (p < 0.001), absence of antiretroviral therapy RR 6.6 (95%CI, IQR 3-6-12.1) (p = 0.001) and ≥50 skin lesions at presentation RR 6.4 (95% CI, IQR 2.6–15.7) (p = 0.011).

Conclusions:
The clinical presentation between PLHIV and non-HIV patients was similar in this study, however, reported mortality was associated with advanced-HIV disease.
Bariatric Surgery in Severely Obese Kidney Donors Before Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bielopolski Dana , Yemini Renana , Gravetz Aviad , Yoskovitch Oz , Keidar Andrei , Carmeli Idan , Mor Eytan , Rahamimov Ruth , Rozen-Zvi Benaya , Nesher Eviatar 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Bariatric surgery (BS) is the optimal approach for sustained weight loss and may alter donation candidacy in potential donors with obesity. We evaluated the long-term effects of nephrectomy after BS on metabolic profile, including body mass index, serum lipids and diabetes, and kidney function of donors.

Methods.
This was a single-center retrospective study. Live kidney donors who underwent BS before nephrectomy were matched for age, gender, and body mass index with patients who underwent BS alone and with donors who underwent nephrectomy alone. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration and adjusted to individual body surface area to create absolute eGFR.

Results.
Twenty-three patients who underwent BS before kidney donation were matched to 46 controls who underwent BS alone. At the last follow-up, the study group showed significantly worse lipid profile with low-density lipoprotein of 115 ± 25 mg/dL versus the control group with low-density lipoprotein of 99 ± 29 mg/dL (P = 0.036) and mean total cholesterol of 191 ± 32 versus 174 ± 33 mg/dL (P = 0.046). The second control group of matched nonobese kidney donors (n = 72) had similar serum creatinine, eGFR, and absolute eGFR as the study group before nephrectomy and 1 y after the procedure. At the end of follow-up, the study group had significantly higher absolute eGFR compared with the control group (86 ± 21 versus 76 ± 18 mL/min; P = 0.02) and similar serum creatinine and eGFR.

Conclusions.
BS before live kidney donation is a safe procedure that could increase the donor pool and improve their health in the long run. Donors should be encouraged to maintain their weight and avoid adverse lipid profile and hyperfiltration.
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy in Heart Transplantation: Posttransplant Changes in Body Composition and Effects in Outcomes
Authors: Hasse Jeanette M. , van Zyl Johanna S. , Felius Joost , Lima Brian , Jamil Aayla K. , Alam Amit 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Bioimpedance spectroscopy yields measurements of fat-free mass, fat mass, phase angle, and other measures. Bioimpedance spectroscopy has been validated as a preoperative assessment tool in cardiac surgical studies, in which low phase angle predicted morbidity and mortality. No studies have evaluated bioimpedance spectroscopy following heart transplantation.

Methods.
We evaluated body composition, nutrition status (Subjective Global Assessment, body mass index, midarm muscle circumference, and triceps skinfolds), and functional status (handgrip strength and 6-min walk test) in 60 adults. Body composition measurements via a 256-frequency bioimpedance spectroscopy device included fat and fat-free mass as well as phase angle calculated at 50 kHz. Testing was completed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo following heart transplantation. Mortality and hospital readmissions were analyzed.

Results.
Phase angle and fat mass increased while fat-free mass decreased; grip strength and 6-min walk test improved after transplantation (all P < 0.001). Improvement in phase angle in the first month postoperatively was associated with reduced risk of readmission. Low perioperative and 1-mo phase angles were associated with prolonged posttransplant length of stay (median: 13 versus 10 d, P = 0.03), increased infection-related readmissions (40% versus 5%, P = 0.001), and increased 4-y mortality (30% versus 5%, P = 0.01).

Conclusions.
Phase angle, grip strength, and 6-min walk test distance improved after heart transplantation. Low phase angle appears to be associated with suboptimal outcomes and may be a feasible and affordable method to predict outcomes. Further research should ascertain whether preoperative phase angle can predict outcomes.
Relative Lung Perfusion on Ventilation–Perfusion Scans After Double Lung Transplant
Authors: Li David J. , Abele Jonathan , Sunner Parveen , Varughese Rhea A. , Hirji Alim S. , Weinkauf Justin G. , Nagendran Jayan , Weatherald Jason C. , Lien Dale C. , Halloran Kieran M. 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Pulmonary blood flow can be assessed on ventilation–perfusion (VQ) scan with relative lung perfusion, with a 55% to 45% (or 10%) right-to-left differential considered normal. We hypothesized that wide perfusion differential on routine VQ studies at 3 mo posttransplant would be associated with an increased risk of death or retransplantation, chronic lung allograft (CLAD), and baseline lung allograft dysfunction.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all patients who underwent double-lung transplant in our program between 2005 and 2016, identifying patients with a wide perfusion differential of >10% on a 3-mo VQ scan. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates and proportional hazards models to assess the association between perfusion differential and time to death or retransplant and time to CLAD onset. We used correlation and linear regression to assess the relationship with lung function at time of scan and with baseline lung allograft dysfunction.

Results.
Of 340 patients who met inclusion criteria, 169 (49%) had a relative perfusion differential of ≥10% on a 3-mo VQ scan. Patients with increased perfusion differential had increased risk of death or retransplantation (P = 0.011) and CLAD onset (P = 0.012) after adjustment for other radiographic/endoscopic abnormalities. Increased perfusion differential was associated with lower lung function at time of scan.

Conclusions.
Wide lung perfusion differential was common after lung transplant in our cohort and associated with increased risk of death, poor lung function, and CLAD onset. The nature of this abnormality and its use as a predictor of future risk warrant further investigation.
Cancer Mortality Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in the United States During 1987–2018
Authors: Wang Jeanny H. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Musgrove Donnie , Castenson David , Fredrickson Mark , Miller Jon , Gonsalves Lou , Hsieh Mei-Chin , Lynch Charles F. , Zeng Yun , Yu Kelly J. , Hart Allyson , Israni Ajay K. , Snyder Jon J. , Engels Eric A. 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Solid organ transplant recipients (ie, “recipients”) have elevated cancer risk and reduced survival after a cancer diagnosis. Evaluation of cancer mortality among recipients can facilitate improved outcomes from cancers arising before and after transplantation.

Methods.
We linked the US transplant registry to the National Death Index to ascertain the causes of 126 474 deaths among 671 127 recipients (1987–2018). We used Poisson regression to identify risk factors for cancer mortality and calculated standardized mortality ratios to compare cancer mortality in recipients with that in the general population. Cancer deaths verified with a corresponding cancer diagnosis from a cancer registry were classified as death from pretransplant or posttransplant cancers.

Results.
Thirteen percent of deaths were caused by cancer. Deaths from lung cancer, liver cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were the most common. Heart and lung recipients had the highest mortality for lung cancer and NHL, whereas liver cancer mortality was highest among liver recipients. Compared with the general population, cancer mortality was elevated overall (standardized mortality ratio 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.29-2.37) and for most cancer sites, with large increases from nonmelanoma skin cancer (23.4, 21.5-25.5), NHL (5.17, 4.87-5.50), kidney cancer (3.40, 3.10-3.72), melanoma (3.27, 2.91-3.68), and, among liver recipients, liver cancer (26.0, 25.0-27.1). Most cancer deaths (93.3%) were associated with posttransplant cancer diagnoses, excluding liver cancer deaths in liver recipients (of which all deaths were from pretransplant diagnoses).

Conclusions.
Improved posttransplant prevention or screening for lung cancer, NHL, and skin cancers and management of liver recipients with prior liver cancer may reduce cancer mortality among recipients.
Cut-off Ct value of GeneXpert in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2: A retrospective study
Authors: William Ashish , Rai Yogita , Rawat Deepti , Gogoi Sanjib , Dhakad Megh Singh , Jais Manoj , Kaur Ravinder 
Published: June 2023

<p><strong>BACKGROUND</strong></p>
<p>The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has exposed the chinks in the armour of healthcare systems and has single-handedly literally brought the world to a standstill. Diagnostic testing for COVID-19 is critical for understanding epidemiology, contract-tracing, case management, and to control the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. RT-PCR test, the gold standard test, involves fairly complex steps and take nearly 24–48 h for generating the results. GeneXpert is a rapid nucleic-acid-detection-based test approved by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research), which can shorten the turnaround time significantly.AIMThe aim of the study was to compare the performance of GeneXpert against the gold standard RT-PCR for SARS-COV-2.</p>
<p><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS</strong></p>
This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from 25th March 2020 to 8th December 2020. The Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal swabs that were sent to the Covid laboratory for testing of SARS COV-2 by GeneXpert (CBNAAT) were included for the study. The samples that gave a positive result were simultaneously tested for rRT-PCR. According to the manufacturer instructions, the cut-off value for GeneXpert is 45 whereas according to ICMR, cut-off value for RT-PCR to be taken is 35.RESULTSOut of 220 samples positive by GeneXpert , 102 (46%) showed negative results by RT-PCR. Among these 102 samples, 89% (91/102) samples were found to be positive by GeneXpert with Ct value >35 whereas 90% (96/107) positive GeneXpert samples had Ct value <35 which were also positive by RT-PCR.
<p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong></p>
<p>The formulation of certain cut-off Ct values for the uniform results by both GeneXpert and RT-PCR should be implemented.</p>
A ligation-independent sequencing method reveals tRNA-derived RNAs with blocked 3’ termini
Authors: Scacchetti Alessandro , Shields Emily J. , Trigg Natalie A. , Wilusz Jeremy E. , Conine Colin C. , Bonasio Roberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the numerous sequencing methods available, the vast diversity in size and chemical modifications of RNA molecules makes the capture of the full spectrum of cellular RNAs a difficult task. By combining quasirandom hexamer priming with a custom template switching strategy, we developed a method to construct sequencing libraries from RNA molecules of any length and with any type of 3’ terminal modification, allowing the sequencing and analysis of virtually all RNA species. Ligation-independent detection of all types of RNA (LIDAR) is a simple, effective tool to comprehensively characterize changes in small non-coding RNAs and mRNAs simultaneously, with performance comparable to separate dedicated methods. With LIDAR, we comprehensively characterized the coding and non- coding transcriptome of mouse embryonic stem cells, neural progenitor cells, and sperm. LIDAR detected a much larger variety of tRNA-derived RNAs (tDRs) compared to traditional ligation-dependent sequencing methods, and uncovered the presence of tDRs with blocked 3’ ends that had previously escaped detection. Our findings highlight the potential of LIDAR to systematically detect all RNAs in a sample and uncover new RNA species with potential regulatory functions.
TMELand: An end-to-end pipeline for quantification and visualization of Waddington’s epigenetic landscape based on gene regulatory network
Authors: Zhu Lin , Kang Xin , Li Chunhe , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWaddington’s epigenetic landscape is a framework depicting the processes of cell differentiation and reprogramming under the control of a gene regulatory network (GRN). Traditional model-driven methods for landscape quantification focus on the Boolean network or differential equation-based models of GRN, which need sophisticated prior knowledge and hence hamper their practical applications. To resolve this problem, we combine data-driven methods for inferring GRNs from gene expression data with model-driven approach to the landscape mapping. Specifically, we build an end-to-end pipeline to link data-driven and model-driven methods and develop a software tool named TMELand for GRN inference, visualizing Waddington’s epigenetic landscape, and calculating state transition paths between attractors to uncover the intrinsic mechanism of cellular transition dynamics. By integrating GRN inference from real transcriptomic data with landscape modeling, TMELand can facilitate studies of computational systems biology, such as predicting cellular states and visualizing the dynamical trends of cell fate determination and transition dynamics from single-cell transcriptomic data. The source code of TMELand, a user manual, and model files of case studies can be downloaded freely fromhttps://github.com/JieZheng-ShanghaiTech/TMELand.
Exposure to false cardiac feedback alters pain perception and anticipatory cardiac frequency
Authors: Parrotta Eleonora , Bach Patric , Pezzulo Giovanni , Perrucci Mauro Gianni , Costantini Marcello , Ferri Francesca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe experience of pain, like other interoceptive processes, has recently been conceptualized in light of predictive coding models and the free energy minimization framework. In these views, the brain integrates sensory, proprioceptive, and interoceptive signals to generate probabilistic inferences about upcoming events, which heavily shape both the state and the perception of our inner body. Here we ask whether it is possible to induce pain expectations by providing false faster (vs. slower) acoustic cardiac feedback before administering electrical cutaneous shocks, and test whether these expectations will shape both the perception of pain and the body’s physiological state toward prior predictions. Results confirmed that faster cardiac feedback elicited pain expectations that affected both perceptual pain judgments and the body’s physiological response. Perceptual pain judgments were biased towards the expected level of pain, such that participants illusorily perceived identical noxious stimuli as more intense and unpleasant. Physiological changes mirrored the predicted level of pain, such that participants’ actual cardiac response in anticipation of pain stimuli showed a deceleration in heart rates, coherently with the well-known orienting cardiac response in anticipation of threatening stimuli (Experiment 1). In a control experiment, such perceptual and cardiac modulations were dramatically reduced when the feedback reproduced an exteroceptive, instead of interoceptive cardiac feedback (Experiment 2). These findings show for the first time that cardiac feedback manipulation can be conceptualized in terms of an interoceptive inference that modulates both our perception and the physiological state of the body, thereby actively generating the interoceptive and autonomic consequences that have been predicted.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates epidermal differentiation through transient activation of TFAP2A
Authors: Smits Jos P.H. , Qu Jieqiong , Pardow Felicitas , van den Brink Noa J.M. , Rodijk-Olthuis Diana , van Vlijmen-Willems Ivonne M.J.J. , van Heeringen Simon J. , Zeeuwen Patrick L.J.M. , Schalkwijk Joost , Zhou Huiqing , van den Bogaard Ellen H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an evolutionary conserved environmental sensor identified as indispensable regulator of epithelial homeostasis and barrier organ function. Molecular signaling cascade and target genes upon AHR activation and their contribution to cell and tissue function are however not fully understood. Multi-omics analyses using human skin keratinocytes revealed that, upon ligand activation, AHR binds open chromatin to induce expression of transcription factors (TFs), e.g., Transcription Factor AP-2α (TFAP2A), as a swift response to environmental stimuli. The terminal differentiation program including upregulation of barrier genes, filaggrin and keratins, was mediated by TFAP2A as a secondary response to AHR activation. The role of AHR-TFAP2A axis in controlling keratinocyte terminal differentiation for proper barrier formation was further confirmed using CRISPR/Cas9 in human epidermal equivalents. Overall, the study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism behind AHR-mediated barrier function and potential novel targets for the treatment of skin barrier diseases.
Internalized β2-Adrenergic Receptors Inhibit Subcellular Phospholipase C-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophic Signaling
Authors: Wei Wenhui , Smrcka Alan V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronically elevated neurohumoral drive, and particularly elevated adrenergic tone leading to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) overstimulation in cardiac myocytes, is a key mechanism involved in the progression of heart failure. β1-AR and β2-ARs are the two major subtypes of β-ARs present in the human heart, however, they elicit different or even opposite effects on cardiac function and hypertrophy. For example, chronic activation of β1ARs drives detrimental cardiac remodeling while β2AR signaling is protective. The underlying molecular mechanisms for cardiac protection through β2ARs remain unclear. Here we show that β2-AR protects against hypertrophy through inhibition of PLCε signaling at the Golgi apparatus. The mechanism for β2AR-mediated PLC inhibition requires internalization of β2AR, activation of Gi and Gβγ subunit signaling at endosomes and ERK activation. This pathway inhibits both angiotensin II and Golgi-β1-AR-mediated stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis at the Golgi apparatus ultimately resulting in decreased PKD and HDAC5 phosphorylation and protection against cardiac hypertrophy. This reveals a mechanism for β2-AR antagonism of the PLCε pathway that may contribute to the known protective effects of β2-AR signaling on the development of heart failure.