bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the structure of credibility evaluation when sixth graders read online texts
Authors: Kiili Carita , Räikkönen Eija , Bråten Ivar , Strømsø Helge I. , Hagerman Michelle Schira 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research indicates that students lack sufficient online credibility evaluation skills. However, the results are fragmented and difficult to compare as they are based on different types of measures and indicators. Consequently, there is no clear understanding of the structure of credibility evaluation.ObjectivesThe present study sought to establish the structure of credibility evaluation of online texts among 265 sixth graders.MethodsStudents' credibility evaluation skills were measured with a task in which they read four online texts, two more credible (a popular science text and a newspaper article) and two less credible (a layperson's blog text and a commercial text). Students read one text at a time and evaluated the author's expertise, the author's benevolence and the quality of the evidence before ranking the texts according to credibility. Four competing measurement models of students' credibility evaluations were assessed.ResultsThe model termed the Genre‐based Confirming‐Questioning Model reflected the structure of credibility evaluation best. The results suggest that credibility evaluation reflects the source texts and requires two latent skills: confirming the more credible texts and questioning the less credible texts. These latent skills of credibility evaluation were positively associated with students' abilities to rank the texts according to credibility.ImplicationsThe study revealed that the structure of credibility evaluation might be more complex than previously conceptualized. Consequently, students would benefit from activities that ask them to carefully analyse different credibility aspects of more and less credible texts, as well as the connections between these aspects.
Damage to the left descending coronary artery due to radiofrequency ablation in the right ventricular outflow tract: Clinical case series and anatomical considerations
Authors: Dilling‐Boer Dagmara , Nof Eyal , Beinaert Roy , Wakili Reza , Heidbuchel Hein , Koopman Pieter , Schurmans Joris , Phlips Thomas , Didenko Maxim , Vijgen Johan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to highlight the importance of the anatomy of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and the proximity of the mid segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to the RVOT in the setting of ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in the RVOT. During the period from 2014 till 2017, five patients with injury to the LAD during ablation within RVOT were identified in three centers, in Belgium, Germany and Israel. The clinical characteristics, procedural data and follow up data, where available, are reported. The literature review over coronary artery damage during radiofrequency ablation procedures is provided and the anatomy of the RVOT and the neighboring vascular structures is discussed. We present five patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation of ventricular arrhythmias mapped to the inferior and anterior part of the RVOT, at the insertion of the right ventricular wall to the septum, whereby ablation resulted in occlusion in four and severe stenosis in one, of the mid segment of the LAD coronary artery. All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting, four of them immediately during the same procedure and one 3 days later because of lack of signs and symptoms of acute coronary occlusion. In conclusion, the mid segment of the LAD at the level of the second septal perforator/second diagonal branch runs in very close proximity to the endocardial aspect of the lower part of the RVOT and care should be taken during ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in this region. Additional imaging such as intracardiac echocardiography and coronary angiography may be helpful in avoiding complications.
Effect of copper sulphate on Cryptocaryon irritans based on metabolome analysis
Authors: Zhan Quanjun , Miao Liang , Zhao Jing , Hu Haojie , Cui Hao , Jin Shan , Xie Jiasong , Qian Dong , Ma Rongrong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCryptocaryon irritans is one of the most harmful marine parasites in mariculture. Copper sulphate is often used to kill parasites and the influence of copper sulphate on the tomont stage of C. irritans was explored in this study. The results showed that excystment rate was not significantly affected when tomonts were exposed to 5 mg/L (76.7%) and 10 mg/L (78.9%) of copper sulphate for 3 h. However, excystment rate was significantly inhibited when exposed to 15 mg/L (33.3%) for 3 h and 5 mg/L (28.9%), 10 mg/L (33.3%) and 15 mg/L (33.3%) for 6 h. After treatment with high concentrations of copper sulphate, the interior of the tomonts was fuzzy under the microscope, and the division process could not be observed. Metabolomic results combined with preliminary transcriptome analysis results showed that the tomonts were induced to produce linoleate, riboflavin, inositol and other substances under the stress of Cu2+, which affected the antioxidant mechanism of the body. Using MDA content determination and antioxidant enzyme activity analysis, copper sulphate was found to cause oxidative damage to tomonts by affecting the generation of metabolites, leading to the death of tomonts.
Producing ethical water: Anti‐mining activism and conflicts over municipal water provisioning in Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Velásquez Teresa A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen gold deposits were confirmed in a community watershed in 2005, water became a politically charged arena for anti‐mining activism. This article follows the outcomes of a 2014 Ecuadorian water law on conflicts over water provisioning. Arguments about water's material properties and social qualities were deployed by government, municipal, and local actors in contests over who had legitimate authority to govern rural water systems. Claims about “clean” or “untreated” water—about water as a human right or as ethical solidarity—are invoked in disputes over whether drinking water should be managed by the municipality or the community. I argue that mining conflicts shape the way communities respond to the municipalization of their water supplies, leading to new forms of resource politics encapsulated in the term “ethical water.” The article illustrates the mutual constitution of conflicts over mining and water provisioning and how anti‐extractive agendas are shaping Andean water governance.
Hysteroscopic resection of retained products of conception combined with uterine artery balloon occlusion: A novel case report
Authors: Takizawa Ayako , Matsushima Takashi , Harigane Eika , Suzuki Shunji , Kawamata Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRetained products of conception can cause massive bleeding that can be prevented by uterine artery embolization before resection; however, uterine artery balloon occlusion is less invasive. While scattered reports of its use for postpartum hemorrhage exist, no indications have been described. We report a case of hysteroscopic resection of retained products of conception using uterine artery balloon occlusion instead of uterine artery embolization. A 29‐year‐old woman, gravida 2 para 0, noted an intrauterine mass after an abortion at 7 weeks' gestation. Follow‐up visits showed insufficient lowering of human chorionic gonadotropin levels, necessitating surgical treatment. Considering the patient's desire to conceive, we performed uterine artery balloon occlusion to reduce the risk of perinatal complications associated with uterine artery embolization. The operation was completed without complications. The patient conceived spontaneously and had a live baby 7 months after surgery, thus proving the benefits of uterine artery balloon occlusion before hysteroscopic resection.
Firm‐level productivity growth returns of social capital: Evidence from Western Europe
Authors: Ganau Roberto , Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe analyze the firm‐level labor productivity growth returns of social capital—defined as a synthetic measure of “generalized trust,” “active participation,” and “social norms”—using a large sample of manufacturing firms in France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. We find that firms' labor productivity growth is higher in areas with a better social capital endowment. The positive returns of social capital are, nevertheless, unevenly distributed across firms, with smaller, less productive, less capital‐endowed, and low‐tech firms benefitting the most from operating in strong social capital ecosystems.
Non‐invasive fibrosis markers for assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis delta
Authors: Kalkan Çağdaş , Yılmaz Yusufcan , Erdoğan Beyza Doğanay , Savaş Berna , Yurdcu Esra , Çalışkan Aysun , Keskin Onur , Gencdal Genco , Zeybel Müjdat , Törüner Murat , Bozdayi A. Mithat , Idilman Ramazan , Yurdaydin Cihan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAssessment of liver fibrosis by non‐invasive means is clinically important. Studies in chronic hepatitis delta (CHD) are scarce. We evaluated the performance of eight serum fibrosis markers [fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age‐platelet index (API), AST‐to platelet‐ratio‐index (APRI), Goteborg University Cirrhosis Index (GUCI), Lok index, cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS) and Hui score] in CHD and chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Liver stiffness was assessed by transient elastography (TE) in CHD. The ability of fibrosis markers to detect significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were evaluated in 202 CHB and 108 CHD patients using published and new cut‐offs through receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The latter was also applied to obtain cut‐offs for TE. APRI, Fib‐4, API and Hui score were assessed for significant fibrosis, and APRI, GUCI, Lok index, CDS and AAR for cirrhosis determination. Fibrosis markers displayed weak performance in CHB for significant fibrosis with area under ROC (AUROC) curves between 0.62 and 0.71. They did slightly better for CHD. TE displayed an AUROC of 0.92 and performed better than serum fibrosis markers (p < 0.05 for fibrosis markers). For cirrhosis determination, CDS and Lok Index displayed an AUROC of 088 and 0.89 in CHB and GUCI, Lok index and APRI displayed AUROCs around 0.90 in CHD. TE displayed the best AUROC (0.95). Hence TE is superior to serum fibrosis markers for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. GUCI, Lok index and APRI displayed a reasonable performance in CHD, which needs further confirmation.
Pristinity and petrogenesis of eucrites
Authors: Dhaliwal Jasmeet K. , Day James M. D. , Tait Kimberly T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNew petrography, mineral chemistry, and whole rock major, minor, and trace element abundance data are reported for 29 dominantly unbrecciated basaltic (noncumulate) eucrites and one cumulate eucrite. Among unbrecciated samples, several exhibit shock darkening and impact melt veins, with incomplete preservation of primary textures. There is extensive thermal metamorphism of some eucrites, consistent with prior work. A “pristinity filter” of textural information, siderophile element abundances, and Ni/Co ratios of bulk rocks is used to address whether eucrite samples preserve endogenous refractory geochemical signatures of their asteroid parent body (i.e., Vesta), or could have experienced exogenous impact contamination. Based on these criteria, Cumulus Hills 04049, Elephant Moraine 90020, Grosvenor Range 95533, Pecora Escarpment 91245, and possibly Queen Alexander Range 97053 and Northwest Africa 1923 are pristine eucrites. Eucrite major element compositions and refractory incompatible trace element abundances are minimally affected by metamorphism or impact contamination. Eucrite petrogenesis examined through the lens of these elements is consistent with partial melting of a silicate mantle that experienced prior metal–silicate equilibrium, rather than as melts associated with cumulate diogenites. In the absence of the requirement of a large‐scale magma ocean to explain eucrite petrogenesis, the interior structure of Vesta could be more heterogeneous than for larger planetary bodies.
Colonialism in South Africa leaves a lasting legacy of reduced genetic diversity in Cape buffalo
Authors: Quinn Liam , Garcia‐Erill Genís , Santander Cindy , Brüniche‐Olsen Anna , Liu Xiaodong , Sinding Mikkel‐Holger S. , Heaton Michael P. , Smith Timothy P. L. , Pečnerová Patrícia , Bertola Laura D. , Hanghøj Kristian , Rasmussen Malthe Sebro , de Jager Deon , Siegismund Hans R. , Albrechtsen Anders , Heller Rasmus , Moltke Ida 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe iconic Cape buffalo has experienced several documented population declines in recent history. These declines have been largely attributed to the late 19th century rinderpest pandemic. However, the effect of the rinderpest pandemic on their genetic diversity remains contentious, and other factors that have potentially affected this diversity include environmental changes during the Pleistocene, range expansions and recent human activity. Motivated by this, we present analyses of whole genome sequencing data from 59 individuals from across the Cape buffalo range to assess present‐day levels of genome‐wide genetic diversity and what factors have influenced these levels. We found that the Cape buffalo has high average heterozygosity overall (0.40%), with the two southernmost populations having significantly lower heterozygosity levels (0.33% and 0.29%) on par with that of the domesticated water buffalo (0.29%). Interestingly, we found that these lower levels are probably due to recent inbreeding (average fraction of runs of homozygosity 23.7% and 19.9%) rather than factors further back in time during the Pleistocene. Moreover, detailed investigations of recent demographic history show that events across the past three centuries were the main drivers of the exceptional loss of genetic diversity in the southernmost populations, coincident with the onset of colonialism in the southern extreme of the Cape buffalo range. Hence, our results add to the growing body of studies suggesting that multiple recent human‐mediated impacts during the colonial period caused massive losses of large mammal abundance in southern Africa.
‘Raising the Pulse’: The environmental, nutritional and health benefits of pulse‐enhanced foods
Authors: Lovegrove Julie A. , O'Sullivan Donal M. , Tosi Paola , Millan Elena , Todman Lindsay C. , Bishop Jacob , Chatzifragkou Afroditi , Clegg Miriam E , Hammond John , Jackson Kim G. , Jones Philip J. , Lignou Stella , Macready Anna L. , McMeel Yvonne , Parker Jane , Rodriguez‐Garcia Julia , Sharp Paul , Shaw Liz J. , Smith Laurence G. , Tebbit Matt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiet is a key modulator of non‐communicable diseases, and food production represents a major cause of environmental degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, ‘nudging’ people to make better food choices is challenging, as factors including affordability, convenience and taste often take priority over the achievement of health and environmental benefits. The overall ‘Raising the Pulse’ project aim is to bring about a step change in the nutritional value of the UK consumers' diet, and to do so in a way that leads to improved health and greater sustainability within the UK food system. To achieve our objectives, UK‐specific faba bean production systems that optimise both end users' diets and environmental and economic sustainability of production will be implemented in collaboration with key stakeholders (including industry, the retail sector and government). Palatable faba bean flours will be produced and used to develop ‘Raising the Pulse’ food products with improved nutritional profile and environmental value. Consumer focus groups and workshops will establish attitudes, preferences, drivers of and barriers to increased consumption of such products. They will inform the co‐creation of sensory testing and University‐wide intervention studies to evaluate the effects of pulses and ‘Raising the Pulse’ foods on diet quality, self‐reported satiety, nutritional knowledge, consumer acceptance and market potential. Nutrient bioavailability and satiety will be evaluated in a randomised‐controlled postprandial human study. Finally, a system model will be developed that predicts changes to land use, environment, business viability, nutrition and human health after substitution of existing less nutritionally beneficial and environmentally sustainable ingredients with pulses. Government health and sustainability priorities will be addressed, helping to define policy‐relevant solutions with significant beneficial supply chain economic impacts and transformed sustainable food systems to improve consumer diet quality, health and the environment.
Smartphone app‐delivered gut‐directed hypnotherapy improves symptoms of self‐reported irritable bowel syndrome: A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Peters Simone L. , Gibson Peter R. , Halmos Emma P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundGut‐directed hypnotherapy (GDH) has high rates of durable efficacy for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but its widespread use is limited due to high costs and poor access. A smartphone app delivering GDH was developed to fill gaps in accessibility but has not been assessed in IBS patients. The current retrospective evaluation aims to assess the efficacy of app‐delivered GDH in managing IBS symptoms and to investigate associating factors that predict response.MethodsIrritable bowel syndrome patients who downloaded the app between June 2019 and April 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. The first seven sessions were free. Daily GDH, psycho‐education, and breathing exercises were included. Overall and individual gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed at baseline and completion using a 100‐mm visual analogue scale. Clinical data were extracted.Key Results2843 patients with self‐reported IBS commenced the free sessions, 1428 (50%) purchased the app and 253 (9%) completed all 42 sessions. Outcome data were available for 190 users who completed all 42 sessions. 64% of patients who completed the GDH and provided outcome data responded (defined as >30% reduction in abdominal pain). Abdominal pain reduced from 60mm (50‐73mm) at baseline to 26mm (13‐50mm) on study completion (p<0.001 Wilcoxon). Similar results were seen for overall and individual symptoms. On multivariable analysis, symptom response was positively associated with being ≥ 40 years (estimated OR 0.398, p=0.025) and negatively associated with trying probiotics (0.323, p=0.042).Conclusions & InferencesAdherence to app‐delivered gut‐directed hypnotherapy was low but users who completed the program saw notable improvements in their IBS symptoms. Patients ≥40 years, with symptoms for ≥5 years, may respond better. A controlled trial comparing face‐to‐face to app‐delivered GDH is indicated.
Hidden genetic variation in plasticity provides the potential for rapid adaptation to novel environments
Authors: Walter Greg M. , Clark James , Terranova Delia , Cozzolino Salvatore , Cristaudo Antonia , Hiscock Simon J. , Bridle Jon 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Rapid environmental change is forcing populations into environments where plasticity will no longer maintain fitness. When populations are exposed to novel environments, evolutionary theory predicts that genetic variation in fitness will increase and should be associated with genetic differences in plasticity. If true, then genetic variation in plasticity can increase adaptive potential in novel environments, and population persistence via evolutionary rescue is more likely.

To test whether genetic variation in fitness increases in novel environments and is associated with plasticity, we transplanted 8149 clones of 314 genotypes of a Sicilian daisy (Senecio chrysanthemifolius) within and outside its native range, and quantified genetic variation in fitness, and plasticity in leaf traits and gene expression.

Although mean fitness declined by 87% in the novel environment, genetic variance in fitness increased threefold and was correlated with plasticity in leaf traits. High fitness genotypes showed greater plasticity in gene expression, but lower plasticity in most leaf traits. Interestingly, genotypes with the highest fitness in the novel environment had the lowest fitness at the native site.

These results suggest that standing genetic variation in plasticity could help populations to persist and adapt to novel environments, despite remaining hidden in native environments.
You are what you eat: nutrient and water relations between mistletoes and hosts
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Bing , Corrêa Scalon Marina , Liu Jing‐Xin , Song Xiao‐Yang , Yang Da , Zhang Yong‐Jiang , Ellsworth David S. , Zhang Jiao‐Lin 
Published: January 2023

SummaryMistletoes play important roles in biogeochemical cycles. Although many studies have compared nutrient concentrations between mistletoes and their hosts, no general patterns have been found and the nutrient uptake mechanisms in mistletoes have not been fully resolved.To address the water and nutrient relations in mistletoes compared with their hosts, we measured 11 nutrient elements, two isotope ratios and two leaf morphological traits for 11 mistletoe and 104 host species from four sites across a large environmental gradient in southwest China.Mistletoes had significantly higher phosphorus, potassium, and boron concentrations, nitrogen isotope ratio, and lower carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) indicative of lower water‐use efficiency than hosts, but other elements were similar to those in hosts. Sites explained most of the variation in the multidimensional trait space. With increasing host nitrogen concentration, both mistletoe δ13C and the difference between mistletoe and host δ13C increased, providing evidence to support the ‘nitrogen parasitism hypothesis’. Host nutrient concentrations were the best predictors for that of the mistletoe nutrient elements in most cases.Our results highlight the important roles of environmental conditions and host nutrient status in determining mistletoe nutrient pools, which together explain their trophic interactions with hosts in subtropical and tropical ecosystems.