bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the new Italian assessment guidelines to a 1960s prestressed concrete road bridge
Authors: Fox Matthew J. , Furinghetti Marco , Pavese Alberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Italian road network comprises many bridges that were constructed around the middle of last century and are now close to, or have exceeded, their intended design lives. The advanced state of degradation of many of the bridges has been a contributing factor in a number of collapses in recent years, with the problem being particularly prevalent in prestressed concrete construction. In response to the need for improvements in the reliability of existing Italian bridges, the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure published in 2020 a new set of guidelines for assessment and monitoring. This article undertakes a critical review of the guidelines, which are currently in a trial phase, through the multilevel assessment of a case‐study prestressed concrete road bridge. Four key areas for potential improvement in future revisions are identified: refinement of the level 3 preliminary assessment approach, greater emphasis on assessment rather than design thinking, objective Knowledge Levels, and treatment of elements with unknown levels of degradation.
Macrophytes as passive bioindicators of trace element pollution in the aquatic environment
Authors: Polechońska Ludmiła , Klink Agnieszka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPollution with trace elements is considered a global problem due to their persistence, nondegradability, and toxicity to living organisms. Aquatic ecosystems are often the final sinks for trace elements, but these pollutants are quickly diluted and difficult to detect and, therefore, comprehensive monitoring of pollution is needed to implement appropriate control measures and prevent irreversible damage to these habitats. Bioindication is one of the recommended methods as it provides information not only on the pollution level but also on the bioavailability of elements and their biological impact. The paper is a synthetic review of the knowledge about the use of macrophytes as passive bioindicators (accumulator taxa) of trace element pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Various aspects of bioindication using accumulator aquatic plants are discussed: the criteria defined for the organisms used in biogeochemical bioindication, advantages of plants as accumulative bioindicators, general trends in the uptake, and accumulation of pollutants by macrophytes (including differences between life forms, organs, and seasons). The use of various groups of macrophytes in accumulative bioindication is described in detail with an emphasis on the relationship between element levels in plant tissues and their habitat as well as performance in the detection of pollution gradients. Knowledge gaps and limitations in the field of bioindication using accumulative macrophytes are indicated and the future perspective is outlined.This article is categorized under:Science of Water > Water QualityWater and Life > Stresses and Pressures on EcosystemsWater and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Dark Grand Unification in the axiverse: decaying axion dark matter and spontaneous baryogenesis
Authors: Foster Joshua W. , Kumar Soubhik , Safdi Benjamin R. , Soreq Yotam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The quantum chromodynamics axion with a decay constant near the Grand Unification (GUT) scale has an ultralight mass near a neV. We show, however, that axion-like particles with masses near the keV–PeV range with GUT-scale decay constants are also well motivated in that they naturally arise from axiverse theories with dark c gauge groups. We demonstrate that the correct dark matter abundance may be achieved by the heavy axions in these models through the misalignment mechanism in combination with a period of early matter domination from the long-lived dark glueballs of the same gauge group. Heavy axion dark matter may decay to two photons, yielding mono-energetic electromagnetic signatures that may be detectable by current or next-generation space-based telescopes. We project the sensitivity of next-generation telescopes including Athena, AMEGO, and e-ASTROGAM to such decaying axion dark matter. If the dark sector contains multiple confining gauge groups, then the observed primordial baryon asymmetry may also be achieved in this scenario through spontaneous baryogenesis. We present explicit orbifold constructions where the dark gauge groups unify with the SM at the GUT scale and axions emerge as the fifth components of dark gauge fields with bulk Chern-Simons terms.
Analysis of Agglomerate Fog Meteorological Characteristics in Anhui Province Based on Traffic Accident Data
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Tian Hua , Li Aixun , Song Jianyang , Zhu Xiaoxiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing the data of five agglomerate-fog-related traffic accidents during 2014–2017 and fog-related expressway accidents during 2013–2018 assessed by the Anhui provincial traffic authorities and corresponding meteorological observation data, this article analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics, geographical environment and weather background of agglomerate-fog-related accidents in detail and identifies the characteristics of changes in terms of visibility, humidity, temperature and wind when agglomerate fog occurs. Furthermore, an agglomerate fog forecast index has been established in Anhui Province to provide a reference basis for the agglomerate fog forecast, early warning and prevention.
Healthcare utilization and psychiatric morbidity in violent offenders: findings from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tärnhäll André , Björk Jonas , Wallinius Märta , Gustafsson Peik , Billstedt Eva , Hofvander Björn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although persistent offenders with histories of imprisonment and violence have disproportionate high rates of psychiatric disorders, little is known of their psychiatric healthcare utilization (HCU) and HCU-associated factors. This study aimed to explore psychiatric HCU, psychiatric morbidity, and psychotropic prescription drugs in violent offenders with a history of incarceration.

Methods
Male offenders aged 18–25 (n = 266) imprisoned for violent and/or physical sexual offenses were clinically assessed in 2010–2012 and prospectively followed in Swedish national registries through 2017. Register-based information regarding HCU, psychiatric morbidity, and psychotropic drugs was tracked and compared with a general population group (n = 10,000) and across offending trajectory groups. Baseline risk factors were used to explain prospective psychiatric HCU in violent offenders.

Results
Violent offenders used less general healthcare and psychiatric outpatient care, but more psychiatric inpatient care and were more often given psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic drugs than the general population. Participants previously assigned to persisting offending trajectory groups had higher rates of psychiatric HCU than those assigned to a desisting trajectory. In multivariable regression models, psychiatric HCU was associated with anxiety disorders, prior psychiatric contact, placement in a foster home, psychopathic traits, low intellectual functioning, and persistent offending.

Conclusions
Violent offenders are burdened by extensive and serious psychiatric morbidity and typically interact with psychiatric healthcare as inpatients rather than outpatients. Knowledge about their backgrounds, criminal behaviors, and psychiatric statuses can aid the planning of psychiatric services for this troublesome group.
An empirical noise model for the benefit of model-based hydrodynamic leveling
Authors: Afrasteh Y. , Slobbe D. C. , Verlaan M. , Klees R. , Guarneri H. , Keyzer L. , Pietrzak J. , Sacher M. , Snellen M. , Zijl F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to develop and analyze an empirical noise model for model-derived coastal summer mean water levels (SMWLs) and use that to obtain a more realistic quality impact of combining hydrodynamic leveling and Unified European Leveling Network (UELN) data in realizing the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS). We considered three state-of-the-art hydrodynamic models for the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, including the North Sea and Wadden Sea; AMM7, DCSMv6-ZUNOv4, and 3D DCSM-FM. Moreover, we assess the spatiotemporal performance of these three models in representing coastal SMWLs. The empirical noise models are determined from the differences between observation- and model-derived SMWLs at coastal tide gauges. All three noise models show that the model noise is indeed correlated over sea distances up to hundreds of kilometers. At the same time, they all show a relatively large discontinuity at the origin (i.e., nugget effect); between 12.1 cm$$^2$$

2

(3D DCSM-FM) and 16.3 cm$$^2$$

2

(DCSMv6-ZUNOv4). The variance (i.e., covariance at zero sea distance) for these two models is 15.3 cm$$^2$$

2

and 21.7 cm$$^2$$

2

, respectively. Averaging the water levels over three summers, lowered the variance and nugget effect for 3D DCSM-FM to 12.7 cm$$^2$$

2

and 10.0 cm$$^2$$

2

, respectively. Our analysis also showed that between 30 and 50% of the variance has to be attributed to errors in the vertical referencing of the tide gauges. We lacked the information to assess what proportion of the observed noise covariances should be attributed to these errors. The performance assessments revealed significant variations over both space and time as well as among the three hydrodynamic models. The results suggest that there is still room for model improvement. In the final experiments, we used the noise model of the best overall performing model (i.e., 3D DCSM-FM) to reassess the quality impact of combining hydrodynamic leveling and UELN data in realizing the EVRS. The results suggest that not including the noise covariances leads to an overestimation of the total quality impact by $$7\%$$

7
%

and $$8\%$$

8
%

, when we average the water levels over one and three summer periods, respectively.
Fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells after treatment of HeLa cells with different genotoxic agents
Authors: Reimann Hauke , Stopper Helga , Hintzsche Henning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough micronuclei are well-known biomarkers of genotoxic damage, the biological consequences of micronucleus induction are only poorly understood. To further elucidate these consequences, HeLa cells stably expressing histone 2B coupled with green fluorescent protein were used for long-term live cell imaging to investigate the fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells after treatment of cells with various genotoxic agents (doxorubicin (20, 30 and nM), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP, 50, 100 and 150 µM), radiation (0.5, 1 and 2 Gy), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 20, 25 and 30 µg/ml) and vinblastine (1, 2 and 3 nM)). Most micronuclei persist for multiple cell cycles or reincorporate while micronucleated cells were more prone to cell death, senescence and fatal mitotic errors compared to non-micronucleated cells, which is consistent with previous studies using etoposide. No clear substance-related effects on the fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells were observed. To further investigate the fate of micronuclei, extrusion of micronuclei was studied with treatments reported as inducing the extrusion of micronuclei. Since extrusion was not observed in HeLa cells, the relevance of extrusion of micronuclei remains unclear. In addition, degradation of micronuclei was analysed via immunostaining of γH2AX, which demonstrated a high level of DNA damage in micronuclei compared to the main nuclei. Furthermore, transduction with two reporter genes (LC3B-dsRed and LaminB1-dsRed) was conducted followed by long-term live cell imaging. While autophagy marker LC3B was not associated with micronuclei, Lamin B1 was found in approximately 50% of all micronuclei. While degradation of micronuclei was not observed to be a frequent fate of micronuclei, the results show impaired stability of DNA and micronuclear envelope indicating rupture of micronuclei as a pre-step to chromothripsis.
Annihilating Entanglement Between Cones
Authors: Aubrun Guillaume , Müller-Hermes Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEvery multipartite entangled quantum state becomes fully separable after an entanglement breaking quantum channel acted locally on each of its subsystems. Whether there are other quantum channels with this property has been an open problem with important implications for entanglement theory (e.g., for the distillation problem and the PPT squared conjecture). We cast this problem in the general setting of proper convex cones in finite-dimensional vector spaces. The max-entanglement annihilating maps transform thek-fold maximal tensor product of a cone$${\textsf{C}}_1$$C1into thek-fold minimal tensor product of a cone$${\textsf{C}}_2$$C2, and the pair$$({\textsf{C}}_1,{\textsf{C}}_2)$$(C1,C2)is called resilient if all max-entanglement annihilating maps are entanglement breaking. Our main result is that$$({\textsf{C}}_1,{\textsf{C}}_2)$$(C1,C2)is resilient if either$${\textsf{C}}_1$$C1or$${\textsf{C}}_2$$C2is a Lorentz cone. Our proof exploits the symmetries of the Lorentz cones and applies two constructions resembling protocols for entanglement distillation: As a warm-up, we use the multiplication tensors of real composition algebras to construct a finite family of generalized distillation protocols for Lorentz cones, containing the distillation protocol for entangled qubit states by Bennett et al. (Phys Rev Lett 76(5):722, 1996) as a special case. Then, we construct an infinite family of protocols using solutions to the Hurwitz matrix equations. After proving these results, we focus on maps between cones of positive semidefinite matrices, where we derive necessary conditions for max-entanglement annihilation similar to the reduction criterion in entanglement distillation. Finally, we apply results from the theory of Banach space tensor norms to show that the Lorentz cones are the only cones with a symmetric base for which a certain stronger version of the resilience property is satisfied.
Assessing Clinical Acumen in Predicting Acute Appendicitis in Emergency Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Lloyd Angus J. , Boland Michael R. , Cleere Eoin , Fallon Frances , Toale James , Hill Arnold D. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical acumen and experience are critical in the diagnosis of the commonest surgical emergency, acute appendicitis. However, there is an increasing focus on haematological and radiological parameters in reaching the diagnosis of appendicitis, which can negate the importance of clinical findings. The aim was to assess the accuracy of each grade of the surgical team in diagnosing acute appendicitis using clinical acuity alone and compare them to each other as well as validated predictive scores.MethodsA prospective single‐centre study was performed over a six‐month period (Dec 2020–May 2021). All patients presenting to the emergency department with right iliac fossa pain were included.ResultsA total of 180 patients were included of whom 35% were male. Mean age was 36.2 years (range 16–91). 51.1% had a final diagnosis of appendicitis, of which 91.3% were managed surgically and 8.7% were treated conservatively with antibiotics. Consultants were correct in their prediction of appendicitis in 84.6% of cases (females—83.4%, males—86.6%). Registrars accurately predicted appendicitis in 82.2% of patients (females—80.3%, males—85.7%), whilst house officers (SHOs) and interns were right in 73.8% (females—69.2%, males—82.5%) and 72.7% (females—66.6%, males—83.9%) of cases, respectively. In patients with a histological or radiological diagnosis of appendicitis, the mean Acute Inflammatory Response Score and Acute Appendicitis Score were 7.0 (high risk ≥ 9) and 12.5 (high risk ≥ 16), respectively. Clinicians had superior diagnostic accuracy when compared with both the clinical scores used.ConclusionSeniority was associated with improved diagnostic accuracy in clinically predicting acute appendicitis. This study showed that the clinical judgement of experienced surgeons is more reliable than clinical scores in the diagnosis of appendicitis.
The sky compass network in the brain of the desert locust
Authors: Homberg Uwe , Hensgen Ronja , Jahn Stefanie , Pegel Uta , Takahashi Naomi , Zittrell Frederick , Pfeiffer Keram 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany arthropods and vertebrates use celestial signals such as the position of the sun during the day or stars at night as compass cues for spatial orientation. The neural network underlying sky compass coding in the brain has been studied in great detail in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. These insects perform long-range migrations in Northern Africa and the Middle East following seasonal changes in rainfall. Highly specialized photoreceptors in a dorsal rim area of their compound eyes are sensitive to the polarization of the sky, generated by scattered sunlight. These signals are combined with direct information on the sun position in the optic lobe and anterior optic tubercle and converge from both eyes in a midline crossing brain structure, the central complex. Here, head direction coding is achieved by a compass-like arrangement of columns signaling solar azimuth through a 360° range of space by combining direct brightness cues from the sun with polarization cues matching the polarization pattern of the sky. Other directional cues derived from wind direction and internal self-rotation input are likely integrated. Signals are transmitted as coherent steering commands to descending neurons for directional control of locomotion and flight.
Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments from the continental shelf adjacent to Abu Qir Bay, Egypt, as a function of grain size
Authors: Abdallah Maha Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEstuarine-deposited sediment is an essential environmental medium that is widely used for characterizing anthropogenic contaminant levels in urban systems. It has significant implications for human health, and can directly impact aquatic biota. Assessment of Cr, Fe, and Cd contamination and their distribution in different grain size fractions of the surface sediments of Abu Qir Bay, one of the Mediterranean coastal bays, as an industrial development area has been investigated. Since the metals pose serious health risks, this research concentrated on investigating the concentrations and spatial distribution of Cr, Fe, and Cd in Abu Qir Bay sediments. Surface sediment samples were sieved, and six grain size fractions (1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.063, and <0.063 mm) from each sample were selected for the analysis of studied metals. The data indicates a considerable contamination in all samples by Cr, Fe, and Cd. The finest sediment fractions (0.063 and <0.063 mm) contained the highest concentrations of Cr and Fe. The concentration of these metals was four times greater than in coarse-grained fractions. Silt plus clay (<0.063 mm) was the most critical mass component consisting of more than 40% of the total sediment stored in this fraction. Otherwise, the distribution of Cd in the sediment samples reveals high concentrations associated with the large fractions (1.0 and 0.5 mm) at all sediment samples.
Graphical Abstract
Adipokines in multiple sclerosis patients are related to clinical and radiological measures
Authors: Loonstra Floor C. , Falize Kim F. , de Ruiter Lodewijk R. J. , Schoonheim Menno M. , Strijbis Eva M. M. , Killestein Joep , de Vries Helga E. , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , Rijnsburger Merel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
An imbalance of adipokines, hormones secreted by white adipose tissue, is suggested to play a role in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In people with MS (PwMS) of the same age, we aimed to determine whether the adipokines adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are associated with MS disease severity. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether these adipokines mediate the association between body mass index (BMI) and MS disease severity.

Methods
Adiponectin, resistin, and leptin were determined in serum using ELISA. 288 PwMS and 125 healthy controls (HC) were included from the Project Y cohort, a population-based cross-sectional study of people with MS born in the Netherlands in 1966, and age and sex-matched HC. Adipokine levels and BMI were related to demographic, clinical and disability measures, and MRI-based brain volumes.

Results
Adiponectin levels were 1.2 fold higher in PwMS vs. HC, especially in secondary progressive MS. Furthermore, we found a sex-specific increase in adiponectin levels in primary progressive (PP) male patients compared to male controls. Leptin and resistin levels did not differ between PwMS and HC, however, leptin levels were associated with higher disability (EDSS) and resistin strongly related to brain volumes in progressive patients, especially in several grey matter regions in PPMS. Importantly, correction for BMI did not significantly change the results.

Conclusion
In PwMS of the same age, we found associations between adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) and a range of clinical and radiological metrics. These associations were independent of BMI, indicating distinct mechanisms.
The cellular 3D printer of a marine bristle worm—chaetogenesis in Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834) (Annelida)
Authors: Tilic Ekin , Herkenrath Tim , Kirfel Gregor , Bartolomaeus Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnnelid chaetae are extracellular chitinous structures that are formed in an extracellular epidermal invagination, the chaetal follicle. The basalmost cell of this follicle, the chaetoblast, serves like a 3D-printer as it dynamically shapes the chaeta. During chaetogenesis apical microvilli of the chaetoblast form the template for the chaeta, any structural details result from modulating the microvilli pattern. This study describes this process in detail in the model organismPlatynereis dumeriliiand clarifies some aspects of chaetogenesis in its close relativeNereis vexillosa, the first annelid in which the ultrastructure of chaetogenesis had been described. Nereid species possess compound chaetae characteristic for numerous subgroups of errant annelids. The distal most section of these chaetae is movable; a hinge connects this part of the chaeta to the shaft. Modulation of the microvilli and differences in their structure, diameter and number of microvilli, and their withdrawal and reappearance determine the shape of these compound chaetae. Chaetal structure and pattern also change during life history. While larvae possess a single type of chaeta (in addition to internal aciculae), juveniles and adults possess two types of chaetae that are replaced by large paddle-shaped chaetae in swimming epitokous stages. Chaetogenesis is a continuous process that lasts during the entire lifespan. The detailed developmental sequence of chaetae and their site of formation are very similar within species and species groups. We expect that similarity results from a conserved gene regulatory network making this an optimal system to test the phylogenetic affinity of taxa and the homology of their chaetae.
Psychotherapie und medikamentöse Behandlung
Authors: Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Zigic Nera , Bauer Martin 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der Gesamtbehandlungsplanung nimmt die Medikation unter spezifischen Gesichtspunkten eine spezielle Bedeutung ein. Individuelle, innerpsychisch-libidoökonomische, objektbeziehungstheoretische Konzepte werden entlang des Konzepts der „Resomatisierung“, des Handlungsdialogs, des Übergangsphänomens diskutiert. Krankheitsspezifische Bedeutungen bekommen anhand der Fallvignette Raum.