bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Thiophene”: A Sulphur Containing Heterocycle as a Privileged Scaffold
Authors: Narayan Yuthika , Kumar Ajay , Parveen Aamna 
Published: June 2023

:
In the rapidly expanding chemical realm of heterocyclic compounds with interesting therapeutic
properties, the thiophene nucleus has established itself as a prospective entity. The biological activity
of comparable substances produced via different pathways is of varying magnitudes. Medicinal chemists
use their understanding of multiple synthetic pathways and the various physicochemical properties of
such compounds to create a combinatorial library and conduct thorough searches for lead molecules. Due
to their vast spectrum of biological actions, heterocyclic compounds play a crucial role in Medicinal
chemistry and are extensively researched in the field of drug design and development. Thiophene, a sulfur-
containing heterocyclic scaffold, has emerged as a rather well-explored scaffold for the synthesis of a
library of molecules with biological functions, including antibacterial, antipsychotic, anticancer, analgesic,
anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, and so on. Depending on the kind and position of substitution,
thiophene analogues have been shown to bind to a wide spectrum of cancer-specific protein targets. As a
result, thiophene analogues have been found to exert their biological effects by inhibiting various cancerrelated
signalling pathways. The study of thiophene in Medicinal chemistry resulted in molecules that
combine the thiophene moiety with traditional drug components in a single molecule. This review covers
the biological and medical activity of compounds containing a thiophene nucleus, as well as information
on thiophene behaviour, synthesis, and agents, with a focus on synthetic techniques, biological profiles,
and structure-activity relationship (SAR) research.
Determination of Two Potential Genotoxic Impurities in Crisaborole API
by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Zou Qiaogen 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease that can be inherited. Crisaborole is a specific drug developed to deal with this disease. The compounds of 4-(4-Bromo-3-formyl-phenoxy)-benzonitrile and 4-(4-(4-bromo-3-formylphenoxy)-3- formylphenoxy)benzonitrile are the representative impurities in the synthesis of Crisaborole active pharmaceutical in gradient (API). Owing to the genotoxic impurities that could lead to cancer and gene mutations, it is necessary to develop a simple, efficient, sensitive, and accurate method to detect these impurities. In this study, the 4-(4-Bromo-3-formyl-phenoxy)-benzonitrile and 4-(4-(4-bromo-3-formylphenoxy)-3-formylphenoxy)benzo- nitrile present in Crisaborole API were detected using UPLC-MS/MS.

Methods:
The separation was made on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-Pheny column (4.6 mm ×75mm, 3.5 μm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile solution containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (A) and water containing 0.1% formic acid (B) in gradient elution mode. Quantification was performed using positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI), and the contents of two compounds were determined using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes.

Results:
The quantitative analytical method was fully validated with respect to linearity (r>0.9998), sensitivity, precision, accuracy (the average recovery of two impurities was 84.1% to 90.7%), and robustness.

Conclusion:
Three batches of samples were detected by UPLC-MS/MS, indicating that the proposed approach was applicable for the quality evaluation of Crisaborole.
The Peripheral Profile of the Chitinase 3-like-1 in Benign Multiple
Sclerosis – A Single Centre’s Experience
Authors: Barcutean Laura , Hutanu Adina , Andone Sebastian , Maier Smaranda , Balasa Rodica 
Published: June 2023

Background:
A limited subgroup of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients present with a longterm
disease evolution characterized by a limited disease progression, known as benign MS (BMS).
Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) levels are sensitive to inflammatory processes and may play a role in the
pathogenesis of MS. In this observational, cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the implications
of serum CHI3L1 and inflammatory cytokines in BMS patients treated with interferon β-1b for over a
decade.

Methods:
We collected serum samples from 17 BMS patients and 17 healthy controls (HC) to measure
serum CHI3L1 levels and a Th17 panel of inflammatory cytokines. Serum levels of CHI3L1 were
analysed using the sandwich ELISA method and the Th17 panel was assessed using the multiplex
XMap technology on a Flexmap 3D Analyzer.

Results:
Serum CHI3L1 levels did not differ significantly from HC. We identified a positive correlation
between CHI3L1 levels and relapses during treatment.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that there are no differences in serum CHI3L1 levels between BMS
patients and HC. However, serum CHI3L1 levels are sensitive to clinical inflammatory activity and
may be associated with relapses in BMS patients.
Photocatalytic Multi-Component Reactions: An Emerging Avenue
Authors: Ariya Sreekumar , Neetha Mohan , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
In recent years, photocatalytic multi-component reactions have emerged as a cutting-edge
innovation in the field of organic synthesis. These reactions allow the simultaneous transformation
of multiple reactants, which not only saves time and resources but also provides access to a
diverse range of complex molecules. The use of photocatalysts in these reactions provides several
advantages, including mild reaction conditions, high selectivity, and high functional group tolerance.
Moreover, the integration of renewable energy sources such as visible light as a driving force
for these reactions further adds to their sustainability. This innovation has opened up new avenues
for the synthesis of complex molecules and holds great promise for the development of sustainable
and efficient chemical processes. This review gives a broad understanding of photocatalyzed multi-
component reaction protocols developed with wide applications in synthetic organic chemistry.
These green, efficient, and straightforward reactions utilize recyclable photocatalyst, solvent-free
or catalyst-free conditions for the synthesis of compounds with biological significance in a costeffective
fashion. They are easily purified due to the minimum or no by-product formation. The
review is divided into sections based on the type of photocatalysts involved and covers literature
up to 2022.
A Critical Appraisal of Functional Hydrogels for Chronic Wound
Healing: Recent Advances and Ongoing Research
Authors: Markandeywar Tanmay S. , Singh Dilpreet , Narang Raj Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
In diabetic wounds, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are developed in large quantities in a
consistently hyperglycemic and excessive biogenic environment. Inflammatory factors are increased as
a result of impaired hematopoiesis. Because, subsequent infections obstruct the healing process and as
a result, most chronic wounds are not healed properly. The majority of chronic diabetic wounds are
worsened during the inflammatory stage. Because of excessive ROS, it is still challenging for a timely
closure of diabetic chronic wounds. Wound dressings with anti-inflammatory and ROS scavenging
properties are preferable for the treatment of diabetic wounds. Hence, a strategic treatment is required
which facilitates both targeting and myogenic potential. In recent decades, the production of
macroporous hydrogels via three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained popularity as a cutting-edge
technique for chronic wounds. Multiple hydrogel subtypes have been formulated for different states of
healing of chronic wounds. The hydrogel used in 3D printing indicated better wound healing by enhancing
the expression of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) activities in scaffolds due to the presence
of an ordered macroporous structure. Regenerative medicine has undergone a paradigm shift as a result
of the introduction of inventive medicines based on the use of living organisms. New treatments for
skin wounds have been the subject of several studies, with bioactive peptides, nanoparticles, and hydrogels
attracting a lot of attention due to their potential as therapeutics. For chronic wound healing,
hydrogels create an angiogenesis microenvironment and avoid wound infections. Hence, the present
review provides light on different superficial hydrogels along with their properties for chronic wound
healing.
The Characteristics, Uses, and Biases of Studies Related to Malignancies Using Google Trends: Systematic Review
Authors: Kamiński Mikołaj , Czarny Jakub , Skrzypczak Piotr , Sienicki Krzysztof , Roszak Magdalena 
Published: June 2023

Background
The internet is a primary source of health information for patients, supplementing physician care. Google Trends (GT), a popular tool, allows the exploration of public interest in health-related phenomena. Despite the growing volume of GT studies, none have focused explicitly on oncology, creating a need for a systematic review to bridge this gap.

Objective
We aimed to systematically characterize studies related to oncology using GT to describe its utilities and biases.

Methods
We included all studies that used GT to analyze Google searches related to malignancies. We excluded studies written in languages other than English. The search was performed using the PubMed engine on August 1, 2022. We used the following search input: “Google trends” AND (“oncology” OR “cancer” or “malignancy” OR “tumor” OR “lymphoma” OR “multiple myeloma” OR “leukemia”). We analyzed sources of bias that included using search terms instead of topics, lack of confrontation of GT statistics with real-world data, and absence of sensitivity analysis. We performed descriptive statistics.

Results
A total of 85 articles were included. The first study using GT for oncology research was published in 2013, and since then, the number of publications has increased annually. The studies were categorized as follows: 22% (19/85) were related to prophylaxis, 20% (17/85) pertained to awareness events, 11% (9/85) were celebrity-related, 13% (11/85) were related to COVID-19, and 47% (40/85) fell into other categories. The most frequently analyzed cancers were breast (n=28), prostate (n=26), lung (n=18), and colorectal cancers (n=18). We discovered that of the 85 studies, 17 (20%) acknowledged using GT topics instead of search terms, 79 (93%) disclosed all search input details necessary for replicating their results, and 34 (40%) compared GT statistics with real-world data. The most prevalent methods for analyzing the GT data were correlation analysis (55/85, 65%) and peak analysis (43/85, 51%). The authors of only 11% (9/85) of the studies performed a sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions
The number of studies related to oncology using GT data has increased annually. The studies included in this systematic review demonstrate a variety of concerning topics, search strategies, and statistical methodologies. The most frequently analyzed cancers were breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, skin, and cervical cancers, potentially reflecting their prevalence in the population or public interest. Although most researchers provided reproducible search inputs, only one-fifth used GT topics instead of search terms, and many studies lacked a sensitivity analysis. Scientists using GT for medical research should ensure the quality of studies by providing a transparent search strategy to reproduce results, preferring to use topics over search terms, and performing robust statistical calculations coupled with sensitivity analysis.
Analisis Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka Melalui Implementasi Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Aulia Desi , Hadiyanto  , Rusdinal  
Published: June 2023

Implementing the Pancasila Student Profiles Strengthening Project as a focus in the Merdeka Curriculum has yet to be fully implemented. The study aims to analyze the policy of the Merdeka Curriculum by implementing the Pancasila Student Profiles Strengthening Project in elementary schools. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach to describe various phenomena and events. The research subjects were taken from 34 students in class IV and three informants, consisting of the head of the school and 2 class teachers who have already implemented the Merdeka Curriculum in primary schools. Research data collected through observations, interviews, and documentation is described. The findings showed that the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project through the theme of entrepreneurship could help students to develop the competence and character of the Pancasila Student Profile, namely faith, piety to God Almighty, and noble character, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creative. Thus, the Pancasila Student Profiles Strengthening Project is a project-based co-curricular activity designed to strengthen student competence and character under the Pancasila Student Profile in the Merdeka Curriculum.
Character Education for Elementary School Students: Creative, Ecological Conscious, and Communicative
Authors: Wandari Icha Olvi , Rohana  
Published: June 2023

This research aimed at examining character education for elementary school students in the NA.IX-X district is located of North Labuhanbatu Regency in terms of their creative character education, care for the environment, and friendly/communicative character. This research employed qualitative methodby descriptive approach.The sampling technique uses the slovin formula 150 respondents and key informants for grade 5 teachers. The instruments used for research were questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis include data reduction, data analysis, and conclusion drafting. Regarding the application of creative characters in the adequate category with a percentage of 44,53%, it has been demonstrated that students' creative characters are able to ask questions when there are learning difficulties through the use of declarative sentences. If there is content that they do not understand, they will always question the teacher until they do, as it is an added value that teachers provide to students who frequently ask questions. In addition, students' behavior in forming care for the environment behavior in this category is sufficient with a percentage of 75.99% indicating that trash is disposed of properly.Friendly/communicative character with a percentage of 44.53% indicates that elementary school students in Na district IX-X speak politely. According to teacher interviews, teachers constantly monitor students, particularly in terms of communication.
Kepribadian Toxic People terhadap Kehidupan Era Metaverse
Authors: Nakhma’Ussolikhah  , Kurniawan Ficky Adi , Novianti Cucum , Sulkhah Sulkhah , Marliani Lina 
Published: June 2023

Abstrak. Kesalahan yang dilakukan secara sadar dan tidak sadar menjadikan perubahan terhadap aspek keharmonisan hidup. Kegagalan dalam membentuk perilaku positif berdampak pada kekerasan dalam menjalani kehidupan. Pribadi individu bersifat dinamis dan kondisional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami perbedaan pribadi toxic people dengan pribadi positif atau sifat natural. Metodologi penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif desain fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian mendeksripsikan bahwa pribadi individu terbentuk dari pola asuh yang dialami sejak dalam kandungan pranatal sampai usia golden age. Pola asuh toxic dari orang tua yang memberikan dampak negative pada anak membentuk pribadi yang tidak berkembang. Ada tindakan copying untuk membentuk pola perilaku negative. Kebiasaan yang membuat diri individu menjadi pribadi toxic karena lingkungan memiliki pengaruh dominan besar terhadap perubahan perilaku setiap individu. Unsur demikian memiliki stimulus dari adanya modeling pada individu yang memiliki kepribadian kurang harmonis. Indikator dari toxic people diantaranya cenderung temperamental. Keadaan emosi tidak stabil, insecure, kurang percaya terhadap orang lain dan memiliki tingkat kecemasan tinggi. penelitian ini menjelaskan secara detail bahwa pribadi toxic dapat merugikan diri sendiri menjadi kurang berkembang. Kepribadian toxic people kurang disambut baik oleh masyarakat.

Abstract. Mistakes made consciously and unconsciously make changes to aspects of the harmony of life. Failure to form positive behavior has an impact on violence in life. The individual personality is dynamic and conditional. The purpose of this research is to understand the personal differences between toxic people and positive personalities or natural traits. Research methodology with a qualitative approach to phenomenological design. The results of the study describe that an individual's personality is formed from the upbringing experienced from the prenatal womb until the golden age. Toxic parenting from parents that has a negative impact on children forms individuals who do not develop. There is an act of copying to form negative behavior patterns. Habits that make an individual become a toxic person because the environment has a large dominant influence on changes in the behavior of each individual. Such elements have a stimulus from the existence of modeling in individuals who have less harmonious personalities. Indicators of toxic people include tending to be temperamental. Unstable emotional state, insecure, lack of trust in others and a high level of anxiety. This research explains in detail that a toxic person can harm oneself by becoming less developed. The personality of toxic people is not well received by society.
Arabic Teaching Curriculum for Indonesian General Educational Stages in the Society Era 5.0
Authors: Harisca Rodhy , Muslim Ahmad Bukhari , Moalim Shariif Abdulahi Hussein 
Published: June 2023

Arabic is the key to understand Islamic teachings and one of the international world languages of United Nations. However, Arabic learning in Indonesia had not reached the goals of mastering Arabic as a whole yet. The objective of this article was to reformulate Arabic teaching curriculum for Indonesian general educational stages in the society era 5.0. The importunateness of this article was to investigate the development of Arabic teaching. Descriptive method was adopted in this article. Literature study was used in the data collection technique with four steps by Zed, such as collecting the data, conceptualizing the data, analyzing data and interpreting the data. The source of the data were the three books as the principles of constructive theories in this field; these books are: Manahij al-Lughah al-’Arabiyyah wa Tharaiq Tadrisiha, al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah li an-Nathiqin bi Ghairiha Dalil Tathbiqi and Second Language Acquisition. Other related books were also used beside the principle books to arrange the article topic. The article findings indicated that optimizing second language acquisition and developing language skills were the most important things to be a focus supported by technology and media in reformulating Arabic teaching curriculum for Indonesian general educational stages in the society era 5.0. The further research was recommended in reformulating of the Arabic teaching curriculum for each educational stage based on this article findings.
The Development of Assessment Rubric of Arabic Language Writing Based on National Qualifications Framework of Indonesia
Authors: Boeriswati Endry , Mayuni Ilza , Fahmi Ari Khairurrijal , Surong Kamal 
Published: June 2023

National qualifications framework of Indonesia needed to be technically elaborated and more operational (KKNI). Academic writing at the university level is difficult to measure without using a rubric. One form of this technique was the creation of an assessment rubric. This article aimed to develop an assessment instrument in the form of a rubric that focused on Arabic academic writing skills for undergraduate students based on the KKNI. The development research method was used with a convergent parallel mixed method model. The data were taken from three tertiary institutions consisting of 1 state university and 2 private universities. Data in the form of needs analysis results, expert analysis, and rubric reliability test results. The results of the trial were compared with the one group pre-test post-test experimental technique to prove that the rubric developed was feasible and reliable for use in teaching Arabic academic writing. The trial process proved that this rubric was feasible to use. Based on the results of the T test, a result of 0.000 (p 0.05) was obtained. The results of the pretest and posttest experienced significant changes. It could be concluded that the Arabic academic writing rubric based on KKNI that was tested in the UHAMKA, UNJ, and UMSIDA. Arabic Education Study Programs was effective in Arabic academic writing tests. The result of the research was a rubric that can be used for Arabic academic writing in universities. This result was significant to be implemented especially for teachers and lecturers in Arabic writing fields.
Strategi Komunitas Pedagang Muslim Apem Dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Pendapatan Di Desa Kesesi
Authors: Fitriani Putri Artika 
Published: June 2023

Pandemi covid-19 menjadi permasalahan global yang memberikan dampak pada berbagai sektor , terutama pada sektor perekonomian. Di indonesia sendiri mengalami penurunan perekonomian secara drastis sebesar 2,07 persen menurut Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Selama dua tahun indonesia mengalami pandemi covid-19. Belum mereda sepenuhnya permasalahan lain muncul, yakni permasalahan peraang yang terjadi antara ukraina dan rusia. Hal ini berakibat sektor pangan dunia mengalami krisis. Secara tidak langsung permasalahan tersebut berdampak pada sektor perdagangan, akan tetapi melalui analisis SWOT hal ini tidak berpengaruh besar pada pedagang apem di wilayah Kesesi. Dikarenakan pedagang apem di daerah Kesesi memiliki strategi dalam mempertahankan kualitas produknya sehingga kestabilan pendapatan tetap terjaga. Metode yng digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif karena penulis dalam mengumpulkan datanya dengan melakukan observasi secara langsung ke Desa Kesesi melalui wawancara terhadap beberapa pedagang apem di Desa Kesesi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah strategi yang digunakan para pedagang apem dalam mempertahankan stabilitas pendapatannya dengan cara menjaga kualitas produk apem tersebut.
Effect of cropping systems on quantitative changes in prevailing weed species
Authors: Woźniak Andrzej 
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was established to evaluate quantitative changes in weed species prevailing in a crop rotation and a 30-year cereal monoculture. The subject of the study included cropping systems: a) crop rotation, and b) cereal monoculture. First (1989–1992) and second (1993–1996) rotation focused on weed infestation of winter triticale in crop rotation and monoculture; third (1997–2000) and fourth (2001–2004) focused on weed infestation of winter wheat; fifth (2005–2008), sixth (2009–2012), seventh (2013–2015) and eighth (2016–2018) focused on weed infestation of spring wheat. The prevailing weed species included: Apera spica-venti, Avena fatua, Galium aparine, Fallopia convolvulus, Stellaria media, Viola arvensis, Anthemis arvensis, Veronica persica, Consolida regalis, and Papaver rhoeas. Among these, A. spica-venti predominated in the winter cereals whereas A. fatua in the spring ones. Numbers of A. spica-venti and A. fatua plants were several times higher in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. The substitution of winter cereals with spring ones in cultivation decreased A. spica-venti population in the spring cereals, but increased the population of A. fatua, particularly in the monoculture.