bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the application of steel slag in stabilizing expansive soil
Authors: Kabeta Worku Firomsa , Lemma Hinsene 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of steel slag as an additive to the engineering properties of weak clay soil. Different geotechnical laboratory tests were conducted on both stabilized and natural soils. Steel slag (SS) was added at a rate of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% to the soil. Specific gravity, grain size analysis, Atterberg limit test, compaction test, free swell, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compression strength (UCS) are among the tests that were performed. The Atterberg limit test result shows that the liquid limit decreases from 90.8 to 65.2%, the plastic limit decreases from 60.3 to 42.5%, and the plasticity index decreases from 30.5 to 22.7% as the steel slag of 25% was added to the expansive soil. With 25% steel slag content, the specific gravity increases from 2.67 to 3.05. The free swell value decreased from 104.6 to 58.2%. In the Standard Proctor compaction test, the maximum dry density rises from 1.504 to 1.692 g/cm3, while optimum moisture content falls from 19.77 to 12.09%. From the UCS test, mixing 25% steel slag into the soil increases the unconfined compressive strength from 64.3 to 170.6 kPa. Additionally, the CBR value increases from 3.64 to 6.82% as 25% of steel slag is mixed with the soil. As a result, steel slag has been found to improve expansive soil properties for geotechnical applications.
Literaturkritik versus Ästhetik
Authors: Décultot Elisabeth 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung steht die Auseinandersetzung französischer Gelehrter, Schriftstellerinnen und Schriftsteller – darunter etwa Madame de Staël oder Charles de Villers – mit der deutschen philosophischen Wissenschaft der Ästhetik um 1800. Anhand dieses historischen Fallbeispiels soll das je nach nationalem bzw. kulturellem Kontext changierende Verhältnis von Literaturkritik und Ästhetik in den Blick genommen werden. In Frankreich stößt seit der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts der Begriff »esthétique«, der als direkte Übersetzung der deutschen, im Zuge von Baumgartens Arbeiten bekannt gewordenen Neuschöpfung »Ästhetik« importiert wird, auf zähen Widerstand. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Gründe für diese Ablehnung in französischen intellektuellen Kreisen des ausgehenden 18. und des beginnenden 19. Jahrhunderts zu analysieren. Im Hintergrund der oft heftig geführten Diskussionen steht die Frage, ob die Philosophie einen berechtigten Anspruch auf die Hervorbringung eines spezifischen Diskurses über Literatur erheben darf.
Water quality indices as tools for assessment of the Eastern Harbor’s water status (Alexandria, Egypt)
Authors: Labib Wagdy , El-Dahhar Alaa A. , Shahin Shimaa A. , Ismail Mona M. , Hosny Shimaa , Diab Mohamed H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBased on weekly sampling, the present short-term study was set out over a one-year cycle in the Eastern Harbor (Alexandria, Egypt). This study aims to assess water quality monitoring data. Among the 13 indexes used in the present study to define the water quality in the harbor, 6 depend on physical and chemical variables, and the other 6 are biological criteria. Chlorophyll concentrations and phytoplankton cell numbers were also used as indicators for assessing trophic status. The study indicated that water status mesotrophic and poor-bad classes are the major trend in the harbor, but oligotrophic condition dominates in winter, and the eutrophic status and poor class dominate in autumn. Looking for suitable tools to assess the water status in such a highly dynamic marine basin is not a simple task, and identification of a common quality status relying on a single assessment approach is hard to realize. Despite the consensus between some approaches, significant discrepancies were observed in the classification results on temporal scale, and for the inability of some indices to sort all types of water bodies in the harbor. The study might represent an integral part of holistic ecosystem-based management of coastal waters.
Deep Immunophenotyping of Human Whole Blood by Standardized Multi-parametric Flow Cytometry Analyses
Authors: Gao Jian , Luo Yali , Li Helian , Zhao Yiran , Zhao Jialin , Han Xuling , Han Jingxuan , Lin Huiqin , Qian Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImmunophenotyping is proving crucial to understanding the role of the immune system in health and disease. High-throughput flow cytometry has been used extensively to reveal changes in immune cell composition and function at the single-cell level. Here, we describe six optimized 11-color flow cytometry panels for deep immunophenotyping of human whole blood. A total of 51 surface antibodies, which are readily available and validated, were selected to identify the key immune cell populations and evaluate their functional state in a single assay. The gating strategies for effective flow cytometry data analysis are included in the protocol. To ensure data reproducibility, we provide detailed procedures in three parts, including (1) instrument characterization and detector gain optimization, (2) antibody titration and sample staining, and (3) data acquisition and quality checks. This standardized approach has been applied to a variety of donors for a better understanding of the complexity of the human immune system.
Determination of polyacrylamide based flocculants in sewage sludge by off-line thermochemolysis-GC–MS analysis
Authors: Jovancicevic Ivana , Schwarzbauer Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to develop an offline thermochemolysis method for the determination of cationic polyacrylamide (cPAA) flocculants in environmental samples, using trimethylanilline hydroxide as a thermochemolytic agent. This method induces degradation of cPAA into defined substituted glutarimide derivates, as specific pyrolysis products. These pyrolysis products appeared in typical pattern of homologues allowing not only an unambiguous identification of the polymer but, more important, also a reliable pyrolysis based quantification in environmental concentration levels. Pyrolysis analysis were carried out on pure cPAA and spiked samples for method optimization, as well as on four sewage sludge samples from Germany as proof of applicability. All four specific degradation products were identified in three out of four sewage sludge samples indicating that the developed TMAH-thermochemolysis method is suitable for PAA detection in complex matrices and on environmentally relevant concentration levels. Nevertheless, experiments on sewage sludge samples revealed cPAA contamination in a concentration range between 29 and 76 μg/g. However, it has to be noted that the presence of all four specific degradation products has to be validated in order to have a doubtless cPAA confirmation in environmental samples.
Preservation practices and safety of fresh shrimp (Penaeus notialis) sold in Beninese markets
Authors: Kpoclou Yénoukounmè Euloge , Anihouvi Victor Bienvenu , Azokpota Paulin , Soumanou Mohamed Mansourou , Douny Caroline , Igout Ahmed , Galanakis Charis M. , Scippo Marie-Louise , Hounhouigan Djidjoho Joseph 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe microbiological characteristics of fresh shrimps during storage in ice (FSPI) (1–4.5 °C) and at ambient temperature (FSKAT) (27.5–29.5 °C) was evaluated in Beninese selling market conditions to assess hygiene and shrimp safety in artisanal preservation practices. Furthermore, samples of FSPI and FSKAT sold at the retail markets were collected and analyzed using bacteriological and physicochemical methods. The acceptable limits for aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) [7.0 Log10 (CFU/g)] and trimethylamine (TMA) (5 mg/100 g) were exceeded after 12 days (FSPI) and 9 h (FSKAT). Most market samples (75% FSPI, 92% FSKAT) were non-compliant with the acceptable limit for AMB. The maximal limits specified were exceeded regarding Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, and Salmonella, up to 75%, 92%, and 42%, respectively (FSKAT) and 33%, 67%, and 75% (FSPI). About 33% (FSPI) and 58% (FSKAT) samples were non-compliant with the TMA limit. All the samples were within the acceptable limits of histamine and tyramine. However, training stakeholders in good handling and hygienic practices is necessary.
Expert assessment of the impact of ship-strikes on cetacean welfare using the Welfare Assessment Tool for Wild Cetaceans
Authors: Rae Francesca , Nicol Christine , Simmonds Mark P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human activities are increasingly impacting our oceans and the focus tends to be on their environmental impacts, rather than consequences for animal welfare. Global shipping density has quadrupled since 1992. Unsurprisingly, increased levels of vessel collisions with cetaceans have followed this global expansion of shipping. This paper is the first to attempt to consider the severity of ship-strike on individual whale welfare. The methodology of the ‘Welfare Assessment Tool for Wild Cetaceans’ (WATWC) was used, which is itself based upon the Five Domains model. Expert opinion was sought on six hypothetical but realistic case studies involving humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) struck by ships. Twenty-nine experts in the cetacean and welfare sector took part. They were split into two groups; Group 1 first assessed a case we judged to be the least severe and Group 2 first assessed the most severe. Both groups then additionally assessed the same four further cases. This was to investigate whether the severity of the first case influenced judgements regarding subsequent cases (i.e. expert judgements were relative) or not (i.e. judgements were absolute). No significant difference between the two groups of assessors was found; therefore, the hypothesis of relative scoring was rejected. Experts judged whales may suffer some level (>1) of overall (Domain 5) harm for the rest of their lives following a ship-strike incident. Health, closely followed by Behaviour were found to be the welfare aspects most affected by ship-strikes. Overall, the WATWC shows a robust potential to aid decision-making on wild cetacean welfare.
The Uncoordinated Teachers Puzzle
Authors: Cohen Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWilliamson (2000) argues that the KK principle is inconsistent with knowledge of margin for error in cases of inexact perceptual observations. This paper argues, primarily by analogy to a different scenario, that Williamson's argument is fallacious. Margin for error principles describe the agent's knowledge as a result of an inexact perceptual event, not the agent's knowledge state in general. Therefore, epistemic agents can use their knowledge of margin for error at most once after a perceptual event, but not more. This insight blocks a crucial step in Williamson's original argument. Along the way, the value of standard epistemic logic for analyzing margin for error reasoning is challenged.
Form and Content: A Defense of Aesthetic Value in Science
Authors: Murphy Alice 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThose who wish to defend the role of aesthetic values in science face a dilemma: aesthetic language is either used metaphorically for what are ultimately epistemic features, or it is used literally, but the importance of such values for science is unclear. This article introduces a new account that gets around this problem by considering an overlooked source of aesthetic value in science: the relation between form and content. A fit between the content of a thought experiment and the way in which that content is formulated can have important epistemic payoffs by contributing to scientific understanding.
Overlap times in the infinite server queue
Authors: Palomo Sergio , Pender Jamol 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImagine, you enter a grocery store to buy food. How many people do you overlap with in this store? How much time do you overlap with each person in the store? In this paper, we answer these questions by studying the overlap times between customers in the infinite server queue. We compute in closed form the steady-state distribution of the overlap time between a pair of customers and the distribution of the number of customers that an arriving customer will overlap with. Finally, we define a residual process that counts the number of overlapping customers that overlap in the queue for at least $\delta$ time units and compute its distribution.
Developments in Canada on business and human rights: One step forward two steps back
Authors: Simons Penelope 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnlike its European counterparts, Canada appears to remain firmly entrenched in a soft approach to ensuring that Canadian extractive companies respect human rights abroad. Canada’s powerful extractive industry has been very successful in resisting attempts to introduce hard law measures to regulate their transnational conduct. This article considers business and state motivations for supporting or pursuing the shift to hard law measures in the business and human rights context. It assesses Canada’s 2022 policy on responsible business conduct and the implications of the government’s failure to endow the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise with the necessary powers to engage in credible independent investigations of transnational business conduct. It also considers the potential impact of three leading cases brought in Canadian courts against Canadian extractive companies in relation to their overseas operations. The article argues that these developments may not yet be sufficient on their own to shift extractive sector views on the introduction of domestic human rights due diligence legislation. It concludes with some thoughts on the impact that the legislative developments in Europe and treaty negotiations at the United Nations may have in Canada.
Monolingual and Bilingual Phonological Activation in Cantonese
Authors: Yan Ming , Luo Yingyi , Pan Jinger 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrevious research has provided evidence for cross-language phonological activation during visual word recognition. However, such findings mainly came from alphabetic languages, and readers’ familiarity with the two scripts might differ. The present study aimed to test whether such cross-language phonological activation can be observed in Chinese, a logographic script, without the confounding factor of script familiarity as readers read the same script in different languages. Cantonese–Mandarin bilinguals were tested in an eye-tracking experiment in which they were instructed to read sentences silently. A target word in the sentence was replaced by either a homophone in both Cantonese and Mandarin, a homophone in Cantonese or in Mandarin only, or an unrelated character. The results showed that native Cantonese readers could activate phonological representations of L1 and L2 while reading Chinese sentences silently. However, the degree to which they relied on phonological decoding in L1 and L2 varied in the two languages.
Torture and progress, past and promised: problematising torture's evolving interpretation
Authors: Cakal Ergün 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThat international law progressively recognises and prohibits emergent forms of torture and related ill-treatment has become widely accepted in the anti-torture discourse. The premise that torture's techniques and contexts change is taken to shape juridical recognition, representation and response. Authoritative international treaties, such as the UN Convention Against Torture, the European Convention on Human Rights and the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture, are therefore deemed ‘living instruments’ – influenced by social and scientific change as channelled through the doctrine of dynamic interpretation. This article argues, however, that these premises are not sufficiently empirically grounded and, far from faithfully reflecting social and scientific changes, invoke critiques around the ideological and epistemological registers of advocates and adjudicators. Taking scholarship on dynamic interpretation and forms of state violence which do not leave overt physical marks as paradigmatic entry points, this article problematises torture's juridical conceptualisation and contextualisation through a critical theoretical lens.
Body plan of Dickinsonia, the oldest mobile animals
Authors: IVANTSOV Andrey Yu , ZAKREVSKAYA Maria 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTMaterials collected on the territory of the southeastern White Sea area, including diversely preserved body imprints, combined body-trace fossils, specimens with signs of intravital damage and regeneration, and extended ontogenetic series, make it possible to significantly widen the data on the body plan and biology of Dickinsonia, the oldest known mobile animal, included in the Late Precambrian taxon of high rank, Proarticulata. A number of reconstructed anatomical features were added to the obvious directly observed features of Dickinsonia, such as a consistent body shape lacking lateral appendages and temporary outgrowths, transverse differentiation, and anterior–posterior polarity. These reconstructed features include dorsoventral polarity, ciliated mucus-secreting epithelium underlain by a basal lamina, two rows of blind food-gathering pockets, absence of a through-gut, nervous system of diffusive type, axial support band and muscle fibres. Such a set of features indicates the affinity of Dickinsonia and Proarticulata as a whole (the only known Ediacaran Metazoa) to Urbilateria, a hypothetical ancestor of bilaterally symmetrical animals.
A need for control? Political trust and public preferences for asylum and refugee policy
Authors: Jeannet Anne-Marie , Heidland Tobias , Ruhs Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolitical trust matters for citizens’ policy preferences but existing research has not fully understood how this effect depends on policy design. To advance this research area, we theorise that policy controls that limit or condition policy provision can function as safeguards against uncertainty, thereby compensating for a person’s lack of trust in generating support. Focusing on public preferences for asylum and refugee policy, we conduct an original conjoint experiment in eight European countries. We find that individuals with lower levels of trust in European political institutions are less supportive of policies providing unlimited or unconditional protection and more supportive of restrictive policies. We also show that policy design features such as limits and conditions can mitigate perceived uncertainty for individuals who are less trusting in European political institutions. These findings have important implications for the theoretical understanding of how political trust pertains to citizens’ preferences.
Exclusionary Behaviors Reinforce Historical Biases and Contribute to Loss of Talent in the Earth Sciences
Authors: Marin‐Spiotta Erika , Diaz‐Vallejo Emily J. , Barnes Rebecca T. , Mattheis Allison , Schneider Blair , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Hastings Meredith G. , Williams Billy M. , Magley Vicki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGeosciences remain one of the least diverse fields. Efforts to diversify the discipline need to address the role of hostile and exclusionary work and learning environments. A workplace climate survey distributed to five professional organizations illustrates varied experiences of earth and space scientists over a 12‐month period (pre‐COVID). A majority experienced positive interactions in the workplace. However, scientists of color, women and non‐binary individuals, scientists with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, pansexual, and asexual (LGBQPA+) scientists more frequently experienced negative interactions, including interpersonal mistreatment, discriminatory language, and sexual harassment. Geoscientists of color were more likely to experience devaluation of their work than white scientists. More than half of women and non‐binary respondents, as well as those who identify as LGBQPA+ experienced identity‐based discriminatory remarks. Disabled geoscientists were more likely to hear negative identity‐based language than those who did not disclose a disability. Overall, 14% of all respondents experienced sexual harassment in the previous year. Rates were greatest for historically excluded groups: non‐binary (51%), LGBQPA+ (33%), disabled (26%), women (20%), and geoscientists of color (17%). A majority of geoscientists reported avoiding their colleagues and almost a third considered leaving their institution or a career change. Historically excluded groups were more likely to report opting out of professional activities with potential career consequences. To address continued exclusion and low retention in the earth and space sciences, recruitment is not enough. We need to create environments that ensure opportunities for all to thrive.
The Extending Ocean Drilling Pursuits (eODP) Project: Synthesizing Scientific Ocean Drilling Data
Authors: Sessa Jocelyn A. , Fraass Andrew J. , LeVay Leah J. , Jamson Katie M. , Peters Shanan E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor over 50 years, cores recovered from ocean basins have generated fossil, lithologic, and chemical archives that have revolutionized fields within the earth sciences. Although scientific ocean drilling (SOD) data are openly available following each expedition, the formats for these data are heterogeneous. Furthermore, lithological, chronological, and paleobiological data are typically separated into different repositories, limiting researchers' abilities to discover and analyze integrated SOD data sets. Emphasis within Earth Sciences on Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) Data Principles and the establishment of community‐led databases provide a pathway to unite SOD data and further harness the scientific potential of the investments made in offshore drilling. Here, we describe a workflow for compiling, cleaning, and standardizing key SOD records, and importing them into the Paleobiology Database and Macrostrat, systems with versatile, open data distribution mechanisms. These efforts are being carried out by the extending Ocean Drilling Pursuits (eODP) project. eODP has processed all of the lithological, chronological, and paleobiological data from one SOD repository, along with numerous other data sets that were never deposited in a database; these were manually transcribed from original reports. This compiled data set contains over 79,899 lithological units from 1,125 drilling holes from 422 sites. Over 26,000 fossil‐bearing samples, with 5,378 taxonomic entries from 13 biological groups, are placed within this lithologic spatiotemporal framework. All information is available via GitHub and Macrostrat's application programming interface, which renders data retrievable by a variety of parameters, including age, site, and lithology.
Contrasting Influence of Nitrogen Oxides on the Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity of Monoterpene‐Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol in Daytime and Nighttime Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Chenqi , Guo Yindong , Shen Hongru , Luo Hao , Pullinen Iida , Schmitt Sebastian H. , Wang Mingjin , Fuchs Hendrik , Kiendler‐Scharr Astrid , Wahner Andreas , Mentel Thomas F. , Zhao Defeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic nitrogen oxides may influence the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in both daytime photooxidation and nighttime NO3 oxidation, which has significant implications for the climatic impact of SOA. We investigated the influence of NOx on the CCN activity of monoterpene‐derived SOA in OH oxidation and in NO3 oxidation. In OH oxidation, NOx had little influence on the hygroscopic parameter κ of organic aerosol (κOrg), which was attributed to the minor fraction of organic nitrates (ON) in SOA (<24%), resulted from the low branching ratio of RO2 + NO to form ON. In contrast, in NO3 oxidation κOrg was much reduced compared to OH/O3 oxidation due to a dominant fraction of ON. We report κ of MT‐derived ON formed in photo‐oxidation and NO3 oxidation (0.029–0.052) for the first time to our knowledge, which may be used to improve model simulations of CCN concentrations.