bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN KOMBINASI OBAT ANALGETIKA PADA PASIEN PASCA OPERASI DI RUMAH SAKIT X JAKARTA
Authors: Abdillah Eric Kurnia , Ismail Abdul Rahman Reza , Nugrahini Lestari , Islamiyah Nur , Tasmin Taufani 
Published: July 2023

Analgesik adalah obat yang selektif mengurangi rasa sakit dengan bertindak dalam sistem saraf pusat atau pada mekanisme nyeri perifer, tanpa secara signifikan mengubah kesadaran. Analgesik menghilangkan rasa sakit, tanpa mempengaruhi penyebabnya. Nyeri merupakan sensasi yang mengindikasikan bahwa tubuh sedang mengalami kerusakan jaringan, inflamasi, atau kelainan yang lebih berat seperti disfungsi sistem saraf. Oleh karena itu nyeri sering disebut sebagai alarm untuk melindungi tubuh dari kerusakan jaringan yang lebih parah. Rasa nyeri seringkali menyebabkan rasa tidak nyaman seperti rasa tertusuk, rasa terbakar, rasa kesetrum, dan lainnya sehingga mengganggu kualitas hidup pasien atau orang yang mengalami nyeri.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit X Jakarta pada bulan November 2017 dengan
metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analitik dengan melihat data rekam medis pasien pasca operasi dengan metode retrospektif, serta pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling periode Januari-Juni 2017.
Berdasarkan hasil yang telah diperoleh, ditemukan kejadian Drug Related Problem dengan kategori penggunaan obat tanpa indikasi sebanyak 1 pasien (7,59%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pasien pasca operasi sebanyak 55,43% berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 44,57% berjenis kelamin perempuan.Usia remaja sebanyak 11,96%, dewasa 48,91% dan lansia 39,13% Jenis operasi major sebanyak 52,57% dan operasi minor 40,43%. Pola penggunaan obat yang diperoleh 38,04% digunakan turunan pirazolin, 35.87% turunan asam karboksilat pirolizin, 15,22% turunan asam asetat, 5,43% turunan fenamat, 3,26% turunan asam propionat, dan 2,18% turunan para aminofenol. Dosis yang digunakan dari setiap terapi secara keseluruhan telah sesuai.
Impact of curricular internships in accounting on university students: an empirical study in Spain
Authors: Pérez-Espés Cristina , Cervera Oliver Mercedes , Cea D’Ancona Francisca 
Published: July 2023

Various organizations, commissions and committees highlight the importance of teaching future accounting professionals through the combination of theoretical training and professional practice. The university must guarantee an accounting profession through graduates who can respond to the needs and global changes of the society. Curricular internships, conducive to experiential learning, allow the student to integrate classroom learning with professional practice, as well as to translate abstract theoretical concepts into reality. An increasing number of universities include the subject of internships within their curricula. All of this makes it interesting to analyse the impact these internships have on university students. This article presents, through factor analysis and the technique of structural equations, a model that comprehensively evaluates the impact of curricular internships in the accounting field on students. The information necessary to estimate the model was obtained through a questionnaire presented to students at the end of their internship period. The survey was completed by 279 students belonging to the Degrees in Business Administration and Management and in Economics at the Autonomous University of Madrid.
Diversas organizaciones, comisiones y comités destacan la importancia de la enseñanza de los futuros profesionales de la contabilidad mediante la combinación de la formación teórica y la práctica profesional. La universidad debe garantizar una profesión contable a través de graduados que puedan responder a las necesidades y cambios globales de la sociedad. Las prácticas curriculares, propicias para el aprendizaje experiencial, permiten al estudiante integrar el aprendizaje en el aula con la práctica profesional, así como trasladar a la realidad conceptos teóricos abstractos. Cada vez son más las universidades que incluyen la asignatura de prácticas dentro de sus planes de estudio. Todo ello hace interesante analizar el impacto que estas prácticas tienen en los estudiantes universitarios. En este artículo se presenta, mediante análisis factorial y la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales, un modelo que evalúa de forma exhaustiva el impacto de las prácticas curriculares en el ámbito contable sobre los estudiantes. La información necesaria para estimar el modelo se obtuvo a través de un cuestionario presentado a los estudiantes al final de su período de prácticas. La encuesta fue cumplimentada por 279 estudiantes pertenecientes a los Grados en Administración y Dirección de Empresas y en Economía de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Women in accounting: a historical review of obstacles and drivers on a patriarchal and classist path
Authors: Uribe Bohorquez Maria Victoria , García Sánchez Isabel María 
Published: July 2023

This document, through a systematic review of academic papers, presents a comprehensive and synthetic proposal that compiles, on the one hand, the prevailing macho, misogynistic and phallocentric obstacles and stereotypes at the family, social and work level between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries and that had an impact on the accounting profession, hindering the access and evolution of women in it. In contrast, a series of factors are presented that drove the training and entry of women to bookkeeping and accounting tasks, which, in turn, served as a way to break stereotypes and traditional gender roles, achieve legislative improvements and the incursion of women into the paid labor market. Besides the above-mentioned elements, it is important to take into account the class perspectives that, under promises of well-being and economic status, idealized a model of a woman whose realization was exclusively at the domestic and family level.
Este documento, a través de una revisión sistemática de trabajos académicos, presenta una propuesta integral y sintética que recopila, por un lado, los obstáculos y estereotipos machistas, misóginos y falocéntricos imperantes a nivel familiar, social y laboral entre los siglos XVIII y XX y que repercutieron en la profesión contable, dificultando el acceso y evolución de la mujer en la misma. En contraposición, se presentan una serie de factores que impulsaron la formación e incorporación de la mujer a las tareas de teneduría de libros y contabilidad, lo que, a su vez, sirvió para romper estereotipos y roles tradicionales de género, conseguir mejoras legislativas y la incursión de la mujer en el mercado laboral remunerado. Además de los elementos mencionados, es importante tener en cuenta las perspectivas de clase que, bajo promesas de bienestar y estatus económico, idealizaron un modelo de mujer cuya realización se daba exclusivamente en el ámbito doméstico y familiar.
Attitudes of medical students in Khartoum, Sudan towards the doctor-patient relationship: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haiba Aya M. , Haiba Marwan M. 
Published: July 2023

Background/Objectives
The doctor-patient relationship is essential to the delivery of high-quality medical care. A strong doctor-patient relationship that improves patient outcomes and satisfaction depends on effective communication. The purpose of this study was to assess medical students’ attitudes toward the doctor-patient relationship during their clinical years at the University of Khartoum. We also looked at how gender and study year affected patient-centeredness.

Participants/Setting
The study was conducted on medical students in their clinical years from December 2020 to March 2021. Students were selected from years 3 to 6. A total of 353 medical students constituted the study sample.

Design
The cross-sectional study utilized the Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) for the measurement of student attitudes towards the doctor-patient relationship. PPOS scores are calculated as a mean score that ranges from 1 (indicating doctor or disease-centered inclinations) to 6 (indicating patient-centered or egalitarian inclinations). Medical students’ demographic data was collected, including their gender, age and study year.

Results
A total of 313 students completed the survey (response rate: 89%). The average total PPOS score and the scores for the caring and sharing subscales for the entire cohort were 4.08 ± 0.53, 4.43 ± 0.58, and 3.72 ± 0.72, respectively. Female gender was significantly associated with more patient-centered attitudes (p < 0.001). When compared to the start of their clinical curriculum, students’ attitudes were significantly more patient-centered by the conclusion of their studies (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
A satisfactory level of patient-centeredness was demonstrated by medical students at the University of Khartoum, and gender had an impact on this quality. Additional consideration should be given to the finding that students’ orientations were more patient-centered in the caring dimension and less so in the sharing one. Once addressed, improvements in that area could create an environment that enhances attitudes among students in the sharing domain, with great potential gains to patients.
The Influence of Cassava Mill Effluents on Soil Microbial Community in Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akubuenyi F. C. 
Published: July 2023

The influence of cassava mill effluent on the microbial community of the soil was determined using viable counts method. Soil samples were collected from different sites (Locations A, B, C and D) impacted with cassava mill effluent, and also from sites unimpacted with cassava mill effluent, which served as control. The result of analysis of the impacted soil showed that the counts of Total Heterotrophic Bacteria, Total Coliforms and Total Fungi ranged from 2.0x103 CFU/ml to 2.3x104 CFU/ml, 1.9x102 CFU/ml to 1.5x104 CFU/ml and 1.4x102 CFU/ml to 2.2x102 CFU/ml respectively. These values were lower compared to the values (3.4x105 CFU/g to 3.6x106 CFU/g, 2.1x106 CFU/g to 3.3x106 CFU/g and 2.1x104 CFU/g to 3.0x104 CFU/g respectively) obtained from the unimpacted soils (control). The identification process of the isolates revealed the presence of the following bacteria; Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. The fungal isolates from the effluents were identified to be Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp. and Mucor spp. The results obtained indicates that effluents from cassava mill effluent have a great impact on the microbial population of the soil. Since its application causes change that affects the microbial population and diversity, its continuous disposal could lead to decreased soil fertility and consequent low crop yield. Therefore, cassava mill effluents should be subjected to treatments that reduces their harmful substance content before disposal.
Associations of Food Insecurity and Memory Function Among Middle to Older–Aged Adults in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Lu Peiyi , Kezios Katrina , Jawadekar Neal , Swift Samuel , Vable Anusha , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceFood insecurity is a leading public health issue in the US. Research on food insecurity and cognitive aging is scarce, and is mostly cross-sectional. Food insecurity status and cognition both can change over the life course, but their longitudinal relationship remains unexplored.ObjectiveTo examine the longitudinal association between food insecurity and changes in memory function during a period of 18 years among middle to older–aged adults in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Health and Retirement Study is an ongoing population-based cohort study of individuals aged 50 years or older. Participants with nonmissing information on their food insecurity in 1998 who contributed information on memory function at least once over the study period (1998-2016) were included. To account for time-varying confounding and censoring, marginal structural models were created, using inverse probability weighting. Data analyses were conducted between May 9 and November 30, 2022.Main outcomes and MeasuresIn each biennial interview, food insecurity status (yes/no) was assessed by asking respondents whether they had enough money to buy food or ate less than they felt they should. Memory function was a composite score based on self-completed immediate and delayed word recall task of a 10-word list and proxy-assessed validated instruments.ResultsThe analytic sample included 12 609 respondents (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [11.0] years, 8146 [64.60%] women, 10 277 [81.51%] non-Hispanic White), including 11 951 food-secure and 658 food-insecure individuals in 1998. Over time, the memory function of the food-secure respondents decreased by 0.045 SD units annually (β for time, −0.045; 95% CI, −0.046 to −0.045 SD units). The memory decline rate was faster among food-insecure respondents than food-secure respondents, although the magnitude of the coefficient was small (β for food insecurity × time, −0.0030; 95% CI, −0.0062 to −0.00018 SD units), which translates to an estimated 0.67 additional (ie, excess) years of memory aging over a 10-year period for food-insecure respondents compared with food-secure respondents.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of middle to older–aged individuals, food insecurity was associated with slightly faster memory decline, suggesting possible long-term negative cognitive function outcomes associated with exposure to food insecurity in older age.
Body Mass Index and Associated Medical Expenditures in the US Among Privately Insured Individuals Aged 2 to 19 Years in 2018
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Belay Brook , Pierce Samantha L. , Grosse Scott D. , Goodman Alyson B. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceNearly 40% of US youth aged 2 to 19 years do not have a body mass index (BMI) in the healthy weight category. However, there are no recent estimates for BMI-associated expenditures using clinical or claims data.ObjectiveTo estimate medical expenditures among US youth across all BMI categories along with sex and age groups.Design, Setting, ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used IQVIA’s ambulatory electronic medical records (AEMR) data set linked with IQVIA’s PharMetrics Plus Claims database from January 2018 through December 2018. Analysis was performed from March 25, 2022, through June 20, 2022. It included a convenience sample of a geographically diverse patient population from AEMR and PharMetrics Plus. The study sample included privately insured individuals with a BMI measurement in 2018 and excluded patients with pregnancy-related visits.ExposureBMI categories.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTotal medical expenditures were estimated using generalized linear model regression with γ distribution and log-link function. For out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures, a 2-part model was used that included logistic regression to estimate the probability of positive expenditures followed by generalized linear model. Estimates were shown with and without accounting for sex, race and ethnicity, payer type, geographic region, age interacted with sex and BMI categories, and confounding conditions.ResultsThe sample included 205 876 individuals aged 2 to 19 years; 104 066 were male (50.5%) and the median age was 12 years. Compared with those with healthy weight, total and OOP expenditures were higher for all other BMI categories. Differences in total expenditures were highest for those with severe obesity ($909; 95% CI, $600-$1218) followed by underweight ($671; 95% CI, $286-$1055) compared with healthy weight. Differences in OOP expenditures were highest for those with severe obesity ($121; 95% CI, $86-$155) followed by underweight ($117; 95% CI, $78-$157) compared with healthy weight. Having underweight was associated with higher total expenditures at ages 2 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years by $679 (95% CI, $228-$1129) and $1166 (95% CI, $632-$1700), respectively; having severe obesity was associated with higher total expenditures at ages 2 to 5 years, 6 to 11 years, and 12 to 17 years by $1035 (95% CI, $208-$1863), $821 (95% CI, $414-$1227), and $1088 (95% CI, $594-$1582), respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study team found medical expenditures to be higher for all BMI categories when compared with those with healthy weight. These findings may indicate potential economic value of interventions or treatments aimed at reducing BMI-associated health risks.
Ligand Design in Atomically Precise Copper Nanoclusters and Their Application in Electrocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Liu Yuping , Yu Jinli , Lun Yongfeng , Wang Yawen , Wang Yi , Song Shuqin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetal nanoclusters (MNCs) are compositionally well‐defined and also structurally precise materials with unique molecule‐like properties and discrete electronic energy levels. Atomically precise ligand‐protected Cu nanoclusters (LP‐CuNCs) are one category of typical MNCs that usually demonstrate unique geometric and electronic structures to serve as electrocatalysts. However, the synthesis, application, as well as structure‐performance relationship of LP‐CuNCs are not adequately studied. Significantly, the ligands are essential to the geometric structure, crystal structure, size, and electronic structure of LP‐CuNCs, which determine their physiochemical properties and applications. In this review, significant progress in the ligand design of LP‐CuNCs, and their application in electrocatalytic reactions is introduced. The general basics of ligand‐protected MNCs (LP‐MNCs) are first introduced and the functions of ligands are emphasized. Subsequently, a series of different ligands for LP‐CuNCs including thiolates, phosphines, alkynyl, polymers, and biomolecules are highlighted. Thereafter, their applications in different electrocatalytic reactions are discussed. It is believed that this review will not only inspire the design and synthesis of novel LP‐CuNCs, but also contribute to the extension of their applications in electrocatalytic reactions and the establishment of accurate structure‐performance relationships.
Surface Engineering of Fluorinated Graphene Nanosheets Enables Ultrafast Lithium/Sodium/Potassium Primary Batteries
Authors: Luo Zhenya , Ma Jun , Wang Xiao , Chen Duanwei , Wu Dazhuan , Pan Junan , Pan Yong , Ouyang Xiaoping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFluorinated carbon (CFx) is considered as a promising cathode material for lithium/sodium/potassium primary batteries with superior theoretical energy density. However, achieving high energy and power densities simultaneously remains a considerable challenge due to the strong covalency of the C–F bond in the highly fluorinated CFx. Herein, an efficient surface engineering strategy combining surface defluorination and nitrogen doping enables fluorinated graphene nanosheets (DFG‐N) to possess controllable conductive nanolayers and reasonably regulated C–F bonds. The DFG‐N delivers an unprecedented dual performance for lithium primary batteries with a power density of 77456 W kg−1 and an energy density of 1067 Wh kg−1 at an ultrafast rate of 50 C, which is the highest level reported to date. The DFG‐N also achieves a record power density of 15 256 and 17 881 W kg−1 at 10 C for sodium and potassium primary batteries, respectively. The characterization results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the excellent performance of DFG‐N is attributed to surface engineering strategies that remarkably improve electronic and ionic conductivity without sacrificing the high fluorine content. This work provides a compelling strategy for developing advanced ultrafast primary batteries that combine ultrahigh energy density and power density.
Non‐Blinking Luminescence from Charged Single Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Fu Wei , Yin Jiefu , Cao Huaqiang , Zhou Zhongfu , Zhang Junying , Fu Jingjing , Warner Jamie H. , Wang Cheng , Jia Xiaofang , Greaves G. Neville , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotoluminescence blinking behavior from single quantum dots under steady illumination is an important but controversial topic. Its occurrence has impeded the use of single quantum dots in bioimaging. Different mechanisms have been proposed to account for it, although controversial, the most important of which is the non‐radiative Auger recombination mechanism whereby photocharging of quantum dots can lead to the blinking phenomenon. Here, the singly charged trion, which maintains photon emission, including radiative recombination and non‐radiative Auger recombination, leads to fluorescence non‐blinking which is observed in photocharged single graphene quantum dots (GQDs). This phenomenon can be explained in terms of different energy levels in the GQDs, caused by various oxygen‐containing functional groups in the single GQDs. The suppressed blinking is due to the filling of trap sites owing to a Coulomb blockade. These results provide a profound understanding of the special optical properties of GQDs, affording a reference for further in‐depth research.
Mechanoluminescence and Photoluminescence Heterojunction for Superior Multimode Sensing Platform of Friction, Force, Pressure, and Temperature in Fibers and 3D‐Printed Polymers
Authors: Zheng Teng , Runowski Marcin , Martín Inocencio R. , Soler‐Carracedo Kevin , Peng Liang , Skwierczyńska Małgorzata , Sójka Małgorzata , Barzowska Justyna , Mahlik Sebastian , Hemmerich Hanoch , Rivera‐López Fernando , Kulpiński Piotr , Lavín Víctor , Alonso Daniel , Peng Dengfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEndowing a single material with various types of luminescence, that is, exhibiting a simultaneous optical response to different stimuli, is vital in various fields. A photoluminescence (PL)‐ and mechanoluminescence (ML)‐based multifunctional sensing platform is built by combining heterojunctioned ZnS/CaZnOS:Mn2+ mechano‐photonic materials using a 3D‐printing technique and fiber spinning. ML‐active particles are embedded in micrometer‐sized cellulose fibers for flexible optical devices capable of emitting light driven by mechanical force. Individually modified 3D‐printed hard units that exhibit intense ML in response to mechanical deformation, such as impact and friction, are also fabricated. Importantly, they also allow low‐pressure sensing up to ≈100 bar, a range previously inaccessible by any other optical sensing technique. Moreover, the developed optical manometer based on the PL of the materials demonstrates a superior high‐pressure sensitivity of ≈6.20 nm GPa−1. Using this sensing platform, four modes of temperature detection can be achieved: excitation‐band spectral shifts, emission‐band spectral shifts, bandwidth broadening, and lifetime shortening. This work supports the possibility of mass production of ML‐active mechanical and optoelectronic parts integrated with scientific and industrial tools and apparatus.