bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplant of organs from donors with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid testing: A report from the organ procurement and transplantation network ad hoc disease transmission advisory committee
Authors: Goldman Jason D. , Pouch Stephanie M. , Woolley Ann E. , Booker Sarah E. , Jett Courtney T. , Fox Cole , Berry Gerald J. , Dunn Kelly E. , Ho Chak‐Sum , Kittleson Michelle , Lee Dong Heun , Levine Deborah J. , Marboe Charles C. , Marklin Gary , Razonable Raymund R. , Taimur Sarah , Te Helen S. , Anesi Judith A. , Fisher Cynthia E. , Sellers Marty T. , Trindade Anil J. , Wood R. Patrick , Zaffiri Lorenzo , Levi Marilyn E. , Klassen David , Michaels Marian G. , La Hoz Ricardo M. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDecisions to transplant organs from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) nucleic acid test‐positive (NAT+) donors must balance risk of donor‐derived transmission events (DDTE) with the scarcity of available organs.MethodsOrgan Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) data were used to compare organ utilization and recipient outcomes between SARS‐CoV‐2 NAT+ and NAT– donors. NAT+ was defined by either a positive upper or lower respiratory tract (LRT) sample within 21 days of procurement. Potential DDTE were adjudicated by OPTN Disease Transmission Advisory Committee.ResultsFrom May 27, 2021 (date of OTPN policy for required LRT testing of lung donors) to January 31, 2022, organs were recovered from 617 NAT+ donors from all OPTN regions and 53 of 57 (93%) organ procurement organizations. NAT+ donors were younger and had higher organ quality scores for kidney and liver. Organ utilization was lower for NAT+ donors compared to NAT– donors. A total of 1241 organs (776 kidneys, 316 livers, 106 hearts, 22 lungs, and 21 other) were transplanted from 514 NAT+ donors compared to 21 946 organs from 8853 NAT– donors. Medical urgency was lower for recipients of NAT+ liver and heart transplants. The median waitlist time was longer for liver recipients of NAT+ donors. The match run sequence number for final acceptor was higher for NAT+ donors for all organ types. Outcomes for hospital length of stay, 30‐day mortality, and 30‐day graft loss were similar for all organ types. No SARS‐CoV‐2 DDTE occurred in this interval.ConclusionsTransplantation of SARS‐CoV‐2 NAT+ donor organs appears safe for short‐term outcomes of death and graft loss and ameliorates the organ shortage. Further study is required to assure comparable longer term outcomes.
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A retrospective case series of the postoperative outcome for 30 dogs with inflammatory interdigital nodules, surgically treated with carbon dioxide laser and a nonantimicrobial wound‐healing protocol
Authors: Frey Rebecka , Varjonen Katarina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory interdigital nodules (IIN) affecting the paws of dogs is a multifactorial and painful condition. Surgery using carbon dioxide (CO
2
) laser has been shown to be helpful in the management.
Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo assess a postoperative treatment protocol without use of antibiotics following CO2 laser surgery for IIN treatment.AnimalsForty‐seven paws, in 30 client‐owned dogs, with IINs affecting the interdigital web between the 4th and 5th digits of the forepaws, surgically treated using CO2 laser, were included.Materials and Methods
Medical records were reviewed for demographic details, medication use and wound healing using a set wound care protocol. Time to resolution of the surgical wounds and the postoperative outcome were assessed.
ResultsThe mean healing time was 34 days. Resolution was seen in 42 of 47 paws with complications in five paws (11%), including development of new fistulae or nonhealing granulation tissue. Surgery was repeated in those five cases. Relapse occurred during the follow‐up period of five–19 months in six paws (13%).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study shows that surgical treatment with CO2 laser for interdigital nodules is successful in most cases. The postoperative outcome using a wound‐healing protocol avoiding use of antimicrobials can be used without compromising patient care whilst following antimicrobial stewardship guidelines.
New Caledonia's enigmatic terrestrial diving beetle Typhlodessus monteithi is a derived species of Paroster
Authors: Villastrigo Adrián , Deharveng Louis , Balke Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe classification of highly adapted species in well‐studied clades may be obscured by convergent character evolution. This is for example the case in aquatic lineages adapted to subterranean (and shallow subterranean) habitats, in which species usually possess reduced eyes and wings as well as translucent cuticles. In 1985, the terrestrial diving beetle genus and species Typhlodessus monteithi Brancucci (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) was described from a shallow subterranean habitat in New Caledonia. Until now, the systematic classification of Typhlodessus remains unclear, as it could not be assigned to any of the known tribes of the subfamily Hydroporinae. Here, we reveal this species' phylogenetic position and evolutionary history. We obtained molecular data from an almost 30 years old museum specimen and performed phylogenetic analyses using complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear markers, which resulted in the placement of Typhlodessus monteithi within the subtribe Sternopriscina, as a junior synonym of the genus Paroster. The genus Paroster contains epigean, stygobitic as well as two other terrestrial Australian species. Our finding extends the geographical distribution of Paroster to New Caledonia. Adaptation to terrestrial habitats in Paroster species may be a way to survive in hyper humid environments that however might lack suitable lentic habitats.
Multiple meanings and boundaries of growth in shrinking regions in East and North Finland
Authors: Halonen Maija Elina 
Published: January 2023

Growth stands out as a key development object in contemporary green economy policies. It is particularly interesting in the Nordic context such as in East and North Finland, where many regions are rich in natural resources, but also shrinking and lagging. Therefore, their regional development is simultaneously framed by an expected sustainability transition that alternates between green growth and degrowth agendas, and the socio-economic phenomenon of shrinkage. This article examines how growth is understood and framed among regional development actors, with special interest placed on different meanings, possible critics, and the boundaries of growth. The interviewed actors are positioned as intermediaries who possess special knowledge regarding regional development. The interviews show that the understanding of growth in this context requires various framings that combine global, regional, and local perspectives on sustainable development, as well as the burdens of shrinking and lagging regions balanced against cohesive and inclusive promises of green growth. The hegemonic frame is approached through a lens of green growth, yet the shrinking population remains in the background. Growth appears as a favoured means to tackle societal problems, which reflects a mission-oriented goal setting. Critical statements are directed at growth policies and funding instruments that do not seem to promote cohesive and inclusive growth. The clearest boundary for growth relates to nature, but it is far too early to make interpretations on an intentional degrowth agenda. From the regional actors’ perspective, setting boundaries for growth in a context of long-term shrinkage, sparse population, and extensive natural surroundings seems trivial. Handling the peripheries’ societal problems related to shrinkage and their struggle for resources appears as the more relevant mission that also requires growth in various forms.
An Algorithm for Multi-Objective Efficient Parametric Optimization
Authors: Weaver-Rosen Jonathan M. , Malak Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Parametric optimization is the process of solving an optimization problem as a function of currently unknown or changing variables known as parameters. Parametric optimization methods have been shown to benefit engineering design and optimal morphing applications through its specialized problem formulation and specialized algorithms. Despite its benefits to engineering design, existing parametric optimization algorithms (similar to many optimization algorithms) can be inefficient when design analyses are expensive. Since many engineering design problems involve some level of expensive analysis, a more efficient parametric optimization algorithm is needed. Therefore, the multi-objective efficient parametric optimization (MO-EPO) algorithm is developed to allow for the efficient optimization of problems with multiple parameters and objectives. This technique relies on the parametric hypervolume indicator (pHVI) which measures the space dominated by a given set of data involving both objectives and parameters. The novel MO-EPO algorithm is demonstrated on a number of analytical benchmarking problems with various numbers of objectives and parameters. Additionally, a morphing airfoil case study is examined. In each case, MO-EPO is shown to find solutions that are as good as or better than those found from the existing P3GA (i.e., equal or greater pHVI value) when the number of design evaluations is limited.
Experimental Safety Analysis of R-Min, an Underactuated Parallel Robot
Authors: Jeanneau Guillaume , Bégoc Vincent , Briot Sébastien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe R-Min robot is an intrinsically safe parallel manipulator dedicated to pick-and-place operations. The proposed architecture is based on a five-bar mechanism, with additional passive joints in order to obtain a planar seven-bar mechanism with two degrees of underactuation, allowing the robot to reconfigure in case of a collision. A preload bar is added between the base and the end-effector to constrain the additional degrees-of-freedom. This article presents an analysis of the workspace and of the safety performances of the R-Min robot, and it compares them with those of the five-bar mechanism, in order to evaluate the benefits of introducing underactuation in a parallel architecture to obtain intrinsically safer robots. The geometrico-static model of the R-Min robot is formulated as an optimization problem. The direct and inverse kinemato-static models are derived from the geometrico-static model and they allow to express the singularity conditions of the R-Min robot. An analysis of the singularity loci is carried out among the robot’s workspace. A controller based on the dynamic model is proposed and experimentally validated on a prototype of the R-Min robot. Finally, the safety performances of the R-Min robot are evaluated experimentally and they are compared with that of an equivalent five-bar mechanism, using the maximum impact force as a safety criteria in accordance with recent international standards.
WheTLHLoc: Small-Scale Hybrid Locomotion Robot With Stair Climbing Capability
Authors: Bruzzone Luca , Nodehi Shahab Edin , De Domenico Dario , Fanghella Pietro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the theoretical analysis and the experimental validation of the step and stair climbing capability of wheel-track-leg hybrid locomotion (WheTLHLoc), a small-scale hybrid locomotion robot with overall size of 450 × 350 × 130 mm and maximum payload of 0.5 kg. The architecture of this robot combines two tracks, two rotating legs, two actuated wheels, and two passive omni wheels. The robot is capable of performing different locomotion modes: wheeled locomotion on flat and compact grounds with maximum speed of 0.9 m/s, tracked locomotion on soft and yielding terrains with maximum speed of 0.1 m/s, mixed use of tracks, legs, and wheels to overcome obstacles. In particular, the process of step and stair climbing is analyzed considering static stability and non-slipping conditions. The experimental campaign on the first prototype has confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed climbing maneuver for steps up to 165 mm and the operative flexibility of the WheTLHLoc robot.
Optimized Moderator Design and Analysis of a Pin-Type Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Reactor Based on Reactor Monte Carlo Code
Authors: Zhao Xingyu , Liu Minyun , Cui Rongyi , Huang Shanfang , Wang Kan , Lu Chuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study analyzed an yttrium hydride (YH2) moderated supercritical carbon dioxide cooled reactor loaded with pin-type, beryllium oxide diluted oxide fuel elements to reduce the critical enrichment. The impact of the YH2 on the coolant void reactivity was studied along with a moderator zoning scheme to flatten the radial power distribution. The YH2 was added as hexagonal moderating rods at the center of the fuel assemblies. The core was modeled using the continuous-energy Reactor Monte Carlo code (RMC) with the on-the-fly cross sections treatment. The results showed that the YH2 moderator increased the thermal fission and reduced the critical enrichment of the core with the same diluent volume fraction by more than 30%. The YH2 moderator significantly softened the neutron energy spectrum and reduced the neutron leakage upon core voiding, resulting in both a weaker positive spectral reactivity feedback and a weaker negative leakage reactivity feedback during core depressurization. For an UO2-loaded core, the YH2 gave a lower negative coolant void reactivity, while for a mixed oxide fuel (MOX)-loaded core with diluent volume fractions smaller than 35%, the spectral feedback was more important and the YH2 strongly reduced the positive coolant void reactivity to less than $1. Arranging the YH2 in the peripheral assemblies reduced the radial power peaking factor to 1.319. The study shows that the YH2 moderator can reduce the critical enrichment, make the core less sensitive to voiding, and can flatten the radial power distribution of a single-enrichment core through moderator zoning.
Compact Functional Material Wedge for Oblique Angle Ultrasound
Authors: Sollars Jillian , Wertz John , Aldrin John C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Achieving improved composites lifecycle management requires more sophisticated damage evolution models and advances in nondestructive evaluation of the damage state. Recent efforts in characterizing impact damage using an acoustic wedge-assisted pitch-catch phased array technique have revealed challenges with lateral beam steering, signal-to-noise, and signals analysis in conjunction with complicating internal reflections from the acoustic wedge. One solution being considered is the application of an additively-manufactured compact acoustic wedge that uses graded material properties to promote lateral beam steering using elements with a normal orientation, with minimal internal reflections. A simplified proof-of-concept of this approach was demonstrated via simulation of ultrasonic waves propagating through a functionally-graded wedge into a target body. Results highlighted the importance of the compact wedge boundary conditions to mitigate secondary longitudinal and shear wave signals.
Numerical Guided Wave Analysis of an Isotropic Structure with Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Authors: Balasubramaniam Kaleeswaran , Ostachowicz Wiesław , Malinowski Paweł , Soman Rohan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The use of ultrasonic guided waves (GW) in analyzing structural integrity with Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is a promising topic to implement more in the industrial world. The paper deals with the GW-based analysis of an isotropic aluminium structure using the numerical finite element method (FEM). A set of hybrid FBG and piezoelectric transducers (PZT) are modelled to check the quick SHM GW process in isotropic structures. The PZTs are used to excite the GW that is sensed by the FBG. Multiple damaged sites with different frequencies are simulated by changing the stiffness matrix at the specified group of 3D elements. The signal processing study involves using cosine distance formulation to identify changes in the signal paths of the GW. The paper highlights the automated process of FEM modeling coupled with Matlab scripting to check FBG/PZT numerical setup effectively and to identify the damage regions in the whole structure for further verification. The FEM work is an extension and verification of the previously proposed experimental study.
Optimization of Bond Locations for Guided Waves Based SHM Using Coupled Optical Fibers
Authors: Soman Rohan , Ostachowicz Wieslaw , Kim Jee Myung , Sherif Aboubakr , Peters Kara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Guided waves (GW) allow fast inspection of a large area and hence have received great interest from the structural health monitoring (SHM) community. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors offer several advantages but their use has been limited for the GW sensing due to its limited sensitivity. FBG sensors in the edge-filtering configuration have overcome this issue with sensitivity and there is a renewed interest in their use. Unfortunately, the FBG sensors and the equipment needed for interrogation is quite expensive and their number is restricted. In the previous work by the authors the number and location of the actuators was optimized for developing a SHM system with single sensor and multiple actuators. But through the use of the phenomenon of acoustic coupling, multiple locations on the structure may be interrogated with a single FBG sensors. As a result, a sensor network with multiple sensing locations and few actuators is feasible and cost effective. Hence this paper develops the optimization problem for designing an SHM network for use with FBG sensors making use of acoustic coupling. The optimization problem is implemented on a simple aluminum plate. The directionality, bond efficiency and the factors influencing the acoustic coupling are taken into consideration for optimizing the sensor network. A multi-objective optimization problem is defined and solved using non-sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). The results indicate that indeed a multi-objective optimization is necessary and has potential to improve the SHM system performance.
Guide Wave-Based Inspection of Adhesively Bonded Structures in Composite Plates
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zeng Zhoumo , Li Jian , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The existence of weakly bonded areas will greatly affect the reliability of adhesively bonded structures in composite plates which are widely used in engineering applications. The timely and effective inspection of the adhesively bonded structure is crucial. In this paper, a simulation method of bonded quality based cohesive zone model(CZM) and the RAPID imaging method based ultrasonic guided wave detection technology are proposed to realize the detection and imaging of weakly bonded areas of adhesively bonded structures in composite plates. The CZM is innovatively used for the simulation of different bonded quality, it is achieved by modifying the constitutive relation curve of bilinear traction-separation law. Then, the influence of the degradation of bonded quality on the propagation characteristics of guided waves was explored. The results show that different bonded conditions have a significant impact on the guided wave propagation characteristics which enable the inspection of weakly bonded areas. Finally, based on the guided wave detection method and the cross covariance-based RAPID imaging algorithm, the detection and imaging of the weakly bonded area of the adhesively bonded structures are realized.
Anisotropy Influence on Guided Wave Propagation and Steering in Unidirectional CFRP
Authors: Hervin Flora , Fromme Paul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates (CFRP) are often selected for aerospace structures due to their low weight and high strength compared to their metallic counterparts. They consist of very stiff and highly anisotropic fiber matrix ply layers, resulting in high in-plane strength. However, composite laminates are prone to barely visible impact damage when subjected to low velocity impacts during service. Undetected impact damage can cause significant strength reduction of the laminate. Effective structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite panels is therefore required to prevent component failure, which can be achieved using guided waves propagating along the structure. A number of guided wave propagation effects occur in composite laminates due to the high material anisotropy of the ply layers, such as directionality of phase and group velocity and wave steering effects. If unaccounted for, these anisotropic effects could lead to inaccurate localization of damage, and potential regions of the structure where guided waves do not provide sufficient defect detection sensitivity. Propagation of the A0 Lamb mode was investigated for multiple incident wave directions in an undamaged unidirectional CFRP panel. Full 3D Finite Element (FE) models were developed using homogenized anisotropic material properties to investigate the directional dependency of velocity. Non-contact guided wave velocity measurements were obtained using a laser vibrometer to validate the FE model. Both a point and line source were modelled to investigate the influence of the excitation source on the guided wave evaluation and signal processing. Significant wave skewing behavior was predicted from the numerical simulations for several wave propagation directions, with good agreement with theoretical values.
Different degrees, similar personalities: A four-year comparison of dentistry and medicine students
Authors: Stormon Nicole , Seysan Martin , Ford Pauline J , Eley Diann 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The Doctor of Medicine (MD) and the Bachelor of Dental Science Honours (BDSc) degrees are challenging, with similar prerequisites regarding the scope of prior knowledge and academic performance. Studies have previously explored personality traits of students within each degree, but few have compared traits between the MD and BDSc cohorts.
Methods: Successive first-year cohorts of MD and BDSc students (2015 to 2018) completed a survey including demographic questions and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Generalised estimating equations comparedTCI traits of students in the programs.
Results: MD students comprised a higher proportion of students who were male, older and married/partnered compared to BDSc students. Profiles of temperament and character were similar. After adjusting for sex, age and marital status, the mean scores of harm avoidance were higher, and persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness significantly lower inBDSc compared to MD students.
Conclusions: Students pursuing medicine and dentistry demonstrate some differences in trait scores, however they are not meaningfully different when interpreting their profiles. Both groups have similar personalities, indicative of coping with their challenging degrees. A supportive learning environment is paramount to that coping success.