bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and risk factors study of cognitive impairment: Analysis of the elderly population of Han nationality in Hunan province, China
Authors: Xu Tianyan , Bu Guiwen , Yuan Li , Zhou Lu , Yang Qijie , Zhu Yuan , Zhang Sizhe , Liu Qianqian , Ouyang Ziyu , Yang Xuan , Tang Beisha , Jiao Bin , Bei Yuzhang , Shen Lu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveA large number of studies have found that the prevalence of cognitive impairment varies in different regions. However, data on cognitive impairment in the Chinese population is still lacking. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in a region of China and explore the associated risk factors.MethodsWe performed a population‐based cross‐sectional survey from April to June 2022. Residents come from three villages and six urban communities in the county‐level city of Liuyang in southern China (N = 3233) and the coverage rate of our study population reached 73%. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. A total of 2598 participants were selected after filtering out those under 60 years old or with incomplete data. Patients with cognitive impairment included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia who met standard diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of cognitive impairment, MCI, and dementia among participants aged 60 years and older were 21.48% (95% CI, 19.90–23.10), 15.70% (95% CI, 14.30–17.10), and 5.77 (95% CI, 4.90–6.70), respectively. And residents in villagers were more likely to have cognitive impairment than in urban communities (p < 0.001). Age growth and education level were independent influencing factors for cognitive impairment in all populations (p < 0.001). For lifestyles factors, both smoking and drinking reduced the risk of cognitive impairment (p < 0.05), but when further quantified, the link disappeared. Moreover, having cerebrovascular disease and severe vision impairment were risk factors (p < 0.05).ConclusionA representative prevalence of cognitive impairment, MCI, and dementia was found in the elderly Han Chinese population in Southern China. And we further explored the role of known risk factors, particularly in physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence of Gan & Lee insulin analogues aspart (rapilin®), lispro (prandilin®) and glargine (basalin®) with EU‐ und US‐sourced reference insulins
Authors: Chen Wei , Lu Jia , Plum‐Mörschel Leona , Andersen Grit , Zijlstra Eric , He Anshun , Xie Tian , Li Longling , Hao Chunyue , Gan Zhongru , Heise Tim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimFor the successful approval and clinical prescription of insulin biosimilars, it is essential to show pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) bioequivalence to the respective reference products sourced from the European Union and the United States.MethodsThree phase 1, randomized, double‐blind, three‐period crossover trials compared single doses of the proposed biosimilar insulin analogues aspart (GL‐Asp, n = 36), lispro (GL‐Lis, n = 38) and glargine (GL‐Gla, n = 113), all manufactured by Gan & Lee pharmaceuticals, to the respective EU‐ and US‐reference products in healthy male participants (GL‐Asp and GL‐Lis) or people with type 1 diabetes (GL‐Gla). Study participants received 0.2 U/kg (aspart and lispro) or 0.5 U/kg (glargine) of each treatment under automated euglycaemic clamp conditions. The clamp duration was 12 h (aspart and lispro) or 30 h (glargine). Primary PK endpoints were the total area under the PK curves (AUCins.total) and maximum insulin concentrations (Cins.max). Primary PD endpoints were the total area under the glucose infusion rate curve (AUCGIR.total) and maximum glucose infusion rate (GIRmax).ResultsBioequivalence to both EU‐ and US‐reference products were shown for all three GL insulins. Least squares mean ratios for the primary PK/PD endpoints were close to 100%, and both 90% and 95% confidence intervals were within 80%–125% in all three studies. There were no noticeable differences in the safety profiles between test and reference insulins, and no serious adverse events were reported for the GL insulins.ConclusionGL‐Asp, GL‐Lis and GL‐Gla are bioequivalent to their EU‐ and US‐reference products.
An innate immune sensor wandering around – NOD1 promotes cell migration via non‐canonical signaling
Authors: Schmitz Ingo , Mühlen Sabrina 
Published: September 2023

NOD1 is a cytosolic immune receptor well known for recognizing intracellular bacteria and inducing innate immune responses. Upon ligand binding, it usually forms a complex with the serine/threonine kinase RIPK2 to activate the transcription factor NF‐κB. Next to its role in pathogen recognition, NOD1 has been associated with cancer progression. In this regard, Hezinger et al. investigated a non‐canonical role of NOD1 in cell migration. They discovered that NOD1 is crucial for the migration and chemotaxis of HeLa cells and identified HAX‐1 as a novel interaction partner.
How global narratives shape local management: A history of fire in the tropical savannas of Belize and Guyana
Authors: Smith Cathy , De Freitas Kayla , Mistry Jayalaxshmi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe suppression of anthropogenic fire is an important legacy of European colonisation worldwide. Fire suppression has undermined human livelihoods and fire‐dependent ecologies. Belize and Guyana are the only former British colonies on the mainland of Central and South America. Both countries have fire‐dependent tropical savanna ecosystems, where fire is used within local livelihoods, for example, for hunting. We compare the creation and implementation of savanna fire suppression and management policies and projects by agencies in twentieth to twenty‐first‐century Belize and Guyana, and the extent to which global environmental narratives have shaped this process. In both countries, a picture emerges of weak state efforts to control fire, largely driven by economic concerns. In colonial Belize, the state made intermittent attempts to suppress or manage savanna fires in limited areas, owing to interest in pine forestry. In Guyana, the colonial state did not attempt to control fires, given economic interest in cattle ranching, and the remoteness of the savannas. Since 2000, both states have developed new fire policies, and state agencies, conservation non‐governmental organisations and Indigenous advocacy groups have won funding for fire‐related projects. We show that these contemporary policies and projects, like those of the colonial period, primarily financed by inconsistent international funding, continue to lean heavily on international discourses about fire that make assumptions about fire problems and propose solutions incompatible with local realities. Understanding the local geography, ecology and politics, and recognising the ways colonial fire legacies altered, and continue to impact these places, could inform more just and productive approaches to working with local fire users in Belize, Guyana and beyond.
Lessons learned from identifying clusters of severe acute respiratory infections with influenza sentinel surveillance, Bangladesh, 2009–2020
Authors: Islam Md Ariful , Hassan Md Zakiul , Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Akhtar Zubair , Chowdhury Sukanta , Rahman Mustafizur , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Ahmmed Md Kaousar , Mah‐E‐Muneer Syeda , Alamgir A. S. M. , Anwar Shah Niaz Rubaid , Alam Ahmed Nawsher , Shirin Tahmina , Rahman Mahmudur , Davis William W. , Mott Joshua A. , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Chowdhury Fahmida 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe explored whether hospital‐based surveillance is useful in detecting severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) clusters and how often these events result in outbreak investigation and community mitigation.MethodsDuring May 2009–December 2020, physicians at 14 sentinel hospitals prospectively identified SARI clusters (i.e., ≥2 SARI cases who developed symptoms ≤10 days of each other and lived <30 min walk or <3 km from each other). Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses by real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR). We describe the demographic of persons within clusters, laboratory results, and outbreak investigations.ResultsField staff identified 464 clusters comprising 1427 SARI cases (range 0–13 clusters per month). Sixty percent of clusters had three, 23% had two, and 17% had ≥4 cases. Their median age was 2 years (inter‐quartile range [IQR] 0.4–25) and 63% were male. Laboratory results were available for the 464 clusters with a median of 9 days (IQR = 6–13 days) after cluster identification. Less than one in five clusters had cases that tested positive for the same virus: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 58 (13%), influenza viruses in 24 (5%), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in five (1%), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) in three (0.6%), adenovirus in two (0.4%). While 102/464 (22%) had poultry exposure, none tested positive for influenza A (H5N1) or A (H7N9). None of the 464 clusters led to field deployments for outbreak response.ConclusionsFor 11 years, none of the hundreds of identified clusters led to an emergency response. The value of this event‐based surveillance might be improved by seeking larger clusters, with stronger epidemiologic ties or decedents.
Pension financialization and collective risk sharing in Canada and Finland
Authors: Liukko Jyri , Doyle Aaron , Lehtonen Turo‐Kimmo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article contributes to the debate concerning pension financialization and how countries are adapting their pension systems to respond to demographic ageing. We do so by examining the statutory pension systems of Canada and Finland, which diverge interestingly from current international trends. The Canadian and Finnish public pension schemes reflect two tendencies often associated with pension financialization: an increasing reliance on financial markets and an investment policy with a diversified asset allocation. However, unlike in many other countries, this has not resulted in heightened individual risks in old‐age income security caused by a shift from defined benefit to defined contribution pensions – an otherwise common trend internationally.
Improving the protection of migrant workers with work histories in the European Union and Ibero‐America: Enhancing the coordination of international social security instruments
Authors: Zavando Cerda Daniela , Urquijo Laura Gómez 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMigration affects almost every nation, emphasizing the need to guarantee social security rights for all migrants and their families. This article focuses on the rights of workers who migrate between the countries of the European Union (EU) and the Ibero‐American community. In the EU, social security systems are increasingly coordinated through Regulation No. 883/2004 and its Implementing Regulation No. 987/2009. In the Ibero‐American community, coordination is sought through the Ibero‐American Social Security Convention. Despite convergence between these two international instruments, coordination is still lacking between them. This article presents a comparative analysis to articulate the necessary mechanisms to guarantee coordination, to respect the social security rights of migrant workers. We focus on the cooperation and coordination between regional as well as national systems, specifically looking at the need for and aims of a rapprochement between these two major international coordination instruments to provide greater EU‐Ibero‐American cooperation. Finally, the importance of promoting greater international cooperation in social security policy and administration is highlighted, to engender the adequate protection of the rights as well as the free movement of migrant workers.
The role of programmed cell death in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Li Juncheng , Jiang Chengli , Xia Jian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcer, is a chronic complication afflicting individuals with diabetes, continue to increase worldwide, immensely burdening society. Programmed cell death, which includes apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer. This review is based on an exhaustive examination of the literature on ‘programmed cell death’ and ‘diabetic foot ulcers’ via PubMed. The findings revealed that natural bioactive compounds, noncoding RNAs and certain proteins play crucial roles in the healing of diabetic foot ulcers through various forms of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis.
Ghost introgression in ricefishes of the genus Adrianichthys in an ancient Wallacean lake
Authors: Yamahira Kazunori , Kobayashi Hirozumi , Kakioka Ryo , Montenegro Javier , Masengi Kawilarang W. A. , Okuda Noboru , Nagano Atsushi J. , Tanaka Rieko , Naruse Kiyoshi , Tatsumoto Shoji , Go Yasuhiro , Ansai Satoshi , Kusumi Junko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Because speciation might have been promoted by ancient introgression from an extinct lineage, it is important to detect the existence of ‘ghost introgression’ in focal taxa and examine its contribution to their diversification. In this study, we examined possible ghost introgression and its contributions to the diversification of ricefishes of the genus Adrianichthys in Lake Poso, an ancient lake on Sulawesi Island, in which some extinctions are known to have occurred. Population-genomic analysis revealed that two extant Adrianichthys species, A. oophorus and A. poptae are reproductively isolated from each other. Comparisons of demographic models demonstrated that introgression from a ghost population, which diverged from the common ancestor of A. oophorus and A. poptae, is essential for reconstructing the demographic history of Adrianichthys. The best model estimated that the divergence of the ghost population greatly predated the divergence between A. oophorus and A. poptae, and that the ghost population secondarily contacted the two extant species within Lake Poso more recently. Genome scans and simulations detected a greatly divergent locus, which cannot be explained without ghost introgression. This locus was also completely segregated between A. oophorus and A. poptae. These findings suggest that variants that came from a ghost population have contributed to the divergence between A. oophorus and A. poptae, but the large time-lag between their divergence and ghost introgression indicates that the contribution of introgression may be restricted.
Abstract
We examined possible ghost introgression and its contributions to the diversification of ricefishes of the genus Adrianichthys in Lake Poso, an ancient lake on Sulawesi Island, in which some extinctions are known to have occurred. Comparisons of demographic models demonstrated that introgression from a ghost population, which diverged from the common ancestor of A. oophorus and A. poptae, is essential for reconstructing the demographic history of Adrianichthys. Genome scans and simulations detected a greatly divergent and completely segregated locus, which cannot be explained without ghost introgression.
What is missing from the sturgeon jaw: Developmental morphology of the upper jaw in Acipenser
Authors: Tsessarsky Alexey 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSturgeons belong to the family Acipenseridae, the most species‐rich extant family of Acipenseriformes, a basal actinopterygian group of key importance in assessing the early radiations of the actinopterygians. At the same time, acipenseriforms display unique specializations in the morphology of the snout and jaws which make them a valuable model for studying evolutionary novelties. However, despite a long history of research, the homologies of the snout and the mandibular arch of acipenseriforms remain uncertain preventing further studies on the evolutionary origin of their unique snout and jaw structure, and in particular, of the upper jaw symphysis, the key apomorphy of the group and the preoral snout. In the present study, a detailed description of the upper jaw morphology and development in sturgeons is provided in order to address its composition in terms of the common actinopterygian archetype. Based on the obtained results, the upper jaw of acipenseriforms is assumed to have lost the autopalatine portion, which most likely is represented by the separate cartilages supporting the tentacles. Also, the conventional interpretation of the sturgeon's maxilla as dermopalatine is rejected on the grounds of this bone structure and development. Paedomorphosis is proposed to be the most likely mechanism explaining the evolutionary origin of the upper jaw symphysis and supposed modifications of the snout in sturgeons.
Serum CA125 level as predictors of the efficacy of olaparib maintenance therapy for platinum‐sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer
Authors: Asano Fumio , Momomura Mai , Morisada Tohru , Tsushima Kana , Haruna Yumi , Shibuya Hiromi , Matsumoto Hironori , Kobayashi Yoichi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimOvarian cancer is a gynecological malignancy with a poor prognosis. For platinum‐sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer, maintenance therapy with poly‐ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors after chemotherapy is considered; however, olaparib treatment does not always lead to sufficient progression‐free survival (PFS). This study aimed to identify factors that predict the efficacy of maintenance therapy using olaparib in platinum‐sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with platinum‐sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer, who received initial treatment and showed complete or partial response to prior chemotherapy at our hospital, were included. The primary outcome was the time from the end of previous platinum‐based chemotherapy to disease progression (PFS). The Kaplan–Meier method was used to generate time‐to‐event curves for PFS; multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe median PFS was 12 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.3–15.8). Before olaparib administration, the median PFS was 12 months in the <4.1 neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio group and 4 months in the ≥4.1 group, with PFS being significantly better in the <4.1 group (log‐rank: p = 0.023). When comparing serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels, the median PFS was 13 months in the <18 U/mL group and 6 months in the >18 U/mL group (log‐rank: p = 0.022). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that CA125 was the factor affecting PFS (hazard ratio: 4.85; 95% CI: 1.53–15.38).ConclusionsSerum CA125 levels at olaparib initiation in patients with platinum‐sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer may predict PFS as an effect of maintenance therapy using olaparib to treat recurrent disease.
Computed tomography perfusion software pipelines to assess parameter maps and ischemic volumes: A comparative study
Authors: Lu Wei , Yao Feirong , Yin Congguo , Wan Shu , Liu Xin , He Chongxin , Leng Xiaochang , Fiehler Jens , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Peng Ya , Xiang Jianping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThis study was dedicated to investigating the agreement of the calculated results of two CT perfusion (CTP) postprocessing software packages, including parameter maps and ischemic volume, focusing on the infarct core volume (ICV) and penumbra volume (PV).MethodsA retrospective collection of 235 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent CTP examination were enrolled. All images had been analyzed with two software pipelines, RAPID CTP and AccuCTP, and the comparative analysis was based on ICV and PV results calculated by both software packages. The agreement of parameter maps was evaluated by root mean square error and Bland‐Altman analysis. The ICV and PV agreement was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland‐Altman analysis. The accuracy of ICV and PV based on multiple thresholds was also analyzed.ResultsThe ICV and PV of AccuCTP and RAPID CTP show excellent agreement. The relative differences of the parameter maps were all within 10% and the Bland‐Altman analysis also showed a strong agreement. From ordinary least squares fitting results, both ICV and PV had a remarkably high goodness of fit (ICV, R2= 0.975 [p<.001]; PV, R2= 0.964 [p<.001]). For the ICC analysis, both had high ICC scores (ICV ICC 0.984, 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.973‐0.989; PV ICC 0.955, 95% CI 0.947‐0.964). Furthermore, multi‐threshold analysis on the basis of ICV and PV also achieved reliable analytical accuracy.ConclusionsThe image analysis results of AccuCTP are in excellent agreement with RAPID CTP and can be used as an alternative analysis tool to RAPID CTP software in stroke clinical practice.
Glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome and hemiplegic migraines as a dominant presenting clinical feature
Authors: Mohammad Shekeeb S , Coman David , Calvert Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (OMIM 606777) is a treatable epileptic encephalopathy caused by mutations in the SLC2A1 gene (OMIM 138140) causing impaired glucose transport into the brain. The classical phenotype is associated with seizures, developmental delay, ataxia and spasticity; however, milder phenotypes are emerging. We describe an 8‐year‐old boy with glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome whose clinical presentation was dominated by hemiplegic migraines that resolved with institution of a modified Atkins diet.
Oligotrophic waters of the Northwest Atlantic support taxonomically diverse diatom communities that are distinct from coastal waters
Authors: Setta Samantha P. , Lerch Sarah , Jenkins Bethany D. , Dyhrman Sonya T. , Rynearson Tatiana A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiatoms are important components of the marine food web and one of the most species‐rich groups of phytoplankton. The diversity and composition of diatoms in eutrophic nearshore habitats have been well documented due to the outsized influence of diatoms on coastal ecosystem functioning. In contrast, patterns of both diatom diversity and community composition in offshore oligotrophic regions where diatom biomass is low have been poorly resolved. To compare the diatom diversity and community composition in oligotrophic and eutrophic waters, diatom communities were sampled along a 1,250 km transect from the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea to the coastal waters of the northeast US shelf. Diatom community composition was determined by amplifying and sequencing the 18S rDNA V4 region. Of the 301 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) identified along the transect, the majority (70%) were sampled exclusively from oligotrophic waters of the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea and included the genera Bacteriastrum, Haslea, Hemiaulus, Pseudo‐nitzschia, and Nitzschia. Diatom ASV richness did not vary along the transect, indicating that the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream are occupied by a diverse diatom community. Although ASV richness was similar between oligotrophic and coastal waters, diatom community composition in these regions differed significantly and was correlated with temperature and phosphate, two environmental variables known to influence diatom metabolism and geographic distribution. In sum, oligotrophic waters of the western North Atlantic harbor diverse diatom assemblages that are distinct from coastal regions, and these open ocean diatoms warrant additional study, as they may play critical roles in oligotrophic ecosystems.