bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray diagnostics of tuberculosis in the screening of patients with HIV infection
Authors: Borodulina E. A. , Kuznetsova A. N. , Borodulin B. E. 
Published: March 2023

Background. The main method of screening of patients with HIV infection to detect pulmonary tuberculosis is X-ray diagnostics. A comparative assessment of changes in lung tissue in different methods of X-ray diagnostics and at different levels of CD4+ cells seems relevant.The aim of the study. To compare plain radiography and computed tomography of the lungs as screening methods for detecting tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection at various stages of immunosuppression.Materials and methods. 396 patients with HIV registered at the AIDS Center were examined using plain lung radiography (PLR) and computed tomography (CT). To search for mycobacterium tuberculosis, we used bacterioscopy of a smear with Ziehl – Neelsen staining; HAIN-GenoType MTBDRplus technique; inoculation of BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid media; inoculation of Löwenstein – Jensen dense medium. Statistical processing of numerical material was carried out using the Statistica 5.5 program with a significance level p ≤ 0.05; Pearson χ2 criterion was used for the analysis of qualitative featuresResults. When comparing the results of PLR and CT, the differences were found. When using PLR, the focal lung lesions were described more often (χ2 = 40.79; p = 0.00001), according to CT data, they turned out to be fibrosis (χ2 = 2.33; p = 0.1269). When comparing the PLR and CT data, the differences were obtained in the description of pulmonary fibrosis (χ2 = 20.78; p = 0.00001), focal lung lesions (χ2 = 40.79; p = 0.00001), dissemination (χ2 = 9.16; p=0.0025).Conclusion. When screening HIV-infected patients (at the standard of using plain radiography twice a year) it should be taken into account that CT provides more precise differentiation of focal lung lesions and pulmonary fibrosis, earlier detection of dissemination syndrome and ground-glass, especially at severe immunodeficiency with a decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes down to 200 cells and less. Timely appointment of CT study will improve the effectiveness of tuberculosis detection at the stage of screening in AIDS centers.
The role of Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism in the development of organ dysfunction in patients with severe pneumonia associated with A/H1N1 influenza
Authors: Malyarchikov A. V. , Shapovalov K. G. 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study. To identify the frequency of occurrence of TLR4 Asp299Gly (rs4986790) gene polymorphism and to establish its contribution to the development of organ dysfunction in patients with severe pneumonia associated with A/H1N1 influenza.Materials and methods. The study included 55 patients with severe pneumonia associated with A/H1N1 influenza. Inclusion criteria: severe pneumonia; consolidation/ground-glass syndrome according to chest X-ray/CT. Exclusion criteria: unstable hemodynamics; body mass index > 30; diabetes mellitus; HIV; tuberculosis, oncopathology. Verification of the pathogen in the respiratory swab was carried out using PCR method: A/H1N1 influenza virus RNA was identified. The age of the patients was 47 [38; 62] years. Among all the patients the proportion of men was 47.8 %, of women – 52.2 %. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included patients with SOFA scale (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score ≥ 2 points; group 2 – patients with SOFA scale score ˂ 2 points. Gene SNPs were determined by PCR method using standard kits developed by Research and Production Company “Litekh” (Moscow). Amplification of the TLR4 gene fragments was carried out in a thermocycler Bis-M111 (Bis-N LLC, Novosibirsk). Genomic DNA isolated from whole blood leukocytes using the “DNA Express Blood” reagent was analyzed followed by an amplification reaction. The amplification product was detected in a 3% agarose gel.Results. Multiple organ dysfunction (SOFA scale score ≥ 2 points) in patients with severe pneumonia associated with A/H1N1 influenza was registered in 24 (43.6 %) cases. When analyzing the frequency of occurrence of the minor Gly allele, according to genetic models, the differences were established between patients of the groups 1 and 2 in codominant (p = 0.023; odds ratio (OR) – 8.82 (0.95–81.89)) and dominant (p = 0.005; OR = 12.35 (1.40–109.07)) models.Conclusion. Severe pneumonia associated with A/H1N1 influenza is accompanied by a high incidence of organ dysfunction. The risk of organ failure development is 2.1 times increased in patients with severe pneumonia with identified TLR4 Asp299Gly gene polymorphism, which probably requires further study.
LA MISE EN ŒUVRE DES MODÈLES ÉDUCATIFS BRITANNIQUES ET DE L’ESPAGNOL SUR LA SEXUALITÉ AU CŒUR DES PRATIQUES JURIDIQUES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ FÉDÉRALE DE RORAIMA
Authors: Verbicaro Soares Douglas 
Published: March 2023

L’article discute de la possibilité de mise en œuvre des projets internationaux d’éducation sexuelle de l’Institut Duque de Rivas en Espagne et des modèles britanniques d’éducation inclusive pour la diversité sexuelle au Centre des Pratiques Juridiques et de la Défense des Droits de l’Homme (NPJDH en portugais) de l’Université Fédérale de Roraima (UFRR). À cet effet, il a été discuté dans l’article comment le NPJDH pourrait mettre en œuvre ces projets, appropriés à la réalité brésilienne et quel travail le Centre a eu à faire pour aider la population de Roraima. Par conséquent, il sera conclu que le NPJDH a une grande pertinence pour la promotion de la diversité, car la grande majorité de ses travaux académiques est au profit des groupes vulnérables et a également un grand potentiel d’amélioration, s’il est inspiré par les actions menées par l’Institut Duque de Rivas et les modèles britanniques d’éducation inclusive. Ainsi, la méthodologie utilisée pour cette recherche a été la recherche bibliographique.
Peculiarities of the study of pre-gas-hydrate deposits
Authors: Katanov Yu. E. , Yagafarov A. K. , Aristov A. I. 
Published: March 2023

A quantitative measure of well productivity is the productivity factor. Its value is determined by many factors, but especially by filtration-volume parameters of the zone immediately adjacent to the bottomhole.Filtration-capacitive properties of these zones are formed mainly at the stage of penetration and development of productive object. The practice shows that the present set of technological measures, which characterize the completion cycle, largely determines the reduction of filtration characteristics of the reservoir in the near-wellbore area.Often the consequences are so severe that even from highly permeable intervals it is not possible to obtain commercially viable flows of formation fluid.Under conditions of annually growing volumes of drilling and oil and gas production, old technological methods and schemes are no longer satisfying production. Today there is an urgent need to find and develop new, highly effective methods of drilling, production, field development, allowing meeting the needs of the domestic economy in hydrocarbons.The process of well completion plays an important role in this process. Promising in this area should be considered such a set of measures, which allows preventing or eliminating the negative impact of the cycle of well construction on the productive capacity of the reservoir to the greatest extent.In this regard, the right choice of technical or technological solutions is largely conditioned by the availability of information about the degree of their influence on the change in reservoir properties.
Chasing Shadows
Authors: Bohm-Duchen Monica 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Drawing on the influential concept of postmemory first mooted by Marianne Hirsch, and on the links between photography and mortality first explored by Susan Sontag and Roland Barthes, this article analyses the work of ten largely UK-based visual artists who, as members of the so-called second generation (namely, the descendants of Holocaust survivors and refugees), make use of the photographic medium to engage creatively and conceptually – and often in a conspicuously gendered way – with the legacy of their families’ traumatic histories. Some of the artists (Halter, Tucker) base their handcrafted imagery directly on pre-war family photographs; others (Winckler, Brunstein, Petzal, Gorney, Kerr, Davidmann) incorporate actual photographs, past and present, into mixed media artworks, frequently manipulating and even doing violence to them. Others again (Garbasz) use photographs taken in the present to reach out to an inaccessible past, while yet others (Markiewicz) employ a more abstract and allusive approach to the medium.
Transvenous embolization of the direct carotid-cavernous fistula via the pterygoid plexus: illustrative case
Authors: Matsuda Yuki , Hiramatsu Masafumi , Sugiu Kenji , Hishikawa Tomohito , Haruma Jun , Nishi Kazuhiko , Yamaoka Yoko , Ebisudani Yuki , Kimura Ryu , Edaki Hisanori , Date Isao 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Endovascular treatment is the mainstay of treatment for carotid-cavernous fistulas, but endovascular approaches vary widely. The authors report a rare case of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula with cranial nerve symptoms caused by rupture of a giant aneurysm in which selective transvenous embolization via the pterygoid plexus was performed.

OBSERVATIONS
An 81-year-old man presented with headache and various progressive cranial nerve symptoms due to a direct carotid-cavernous fistula caused by a ruptured giant aneurysm. All the draining veins visualized on preoperative examination immediately before the treatment were occluded except for the pterygoid plexus. Therefore, the authors chose the dilated pterygoid plexus to approach the shunted pouch at the cavernous sinus and achieve shunt obliteration by selective embolization with coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate.

LESSONS
Careful study of the three-dimensional rotational images in the preoperative examination is important when considering the various approaches to surgery. The pterygoid plexus can be an effective venous approach route to reach the cavernous sinus area.
ALLOPLASTY IN STRANGULATED COMPLICATED VENTRAL HERNIAS
Authors: Lysenko R. B. 
Published: March 2023

There is no consensus on applying alloplasty in the care of strangulated complicated ventral hernias. Aim: to enhance the effectiveness of alloplasty in the management of strangulated complicated ventral hernias. Materials and methods. The results were obtained from a retrospective clinical analysis of the surgical treatment of 146 patients with diagnosis of strangulated complicated ventral hernias, who underwent urgent surgical operations by an open method with the use of alloplasty at the surgical department of the 1st Municipal Clinical Hospital in Poltava for the period from 2010 to 2020. There were 114 women (78.1%) and 32 men (21.9%). The age of patients ranged from 21 to 85 years (average age was 62±3.2 years). Postoperative hernias prevailed were more prevalent (n=117, 80.1%), recurrent hernias were found in 31 (21.2%) patients. Median localization of the defect (M) was found in 134 patients (91.8%), lateral defects (L) was diagnosed in 12 patients (8.2%). The following alloplasty techniques were applied: "onlay" for in 2 patients (1.4%), "sublay" for 116 (79.5%), "sublay-inlay" for 18 (12.3%), "inlay" for 3 (2.1%), separation of anatomical components was performed in 7 (4.7%) cases.
Results. In the early postoperative period, local complications were observed in 14 (9.6%) cases. General postoperative complications were noted in 11 (7.5%) cases; 2 (1.4%) patients died. In the remote period, local complications were recorded in 8 patients (5.5%).
Conclusion. Performing alloplasty in patients with strangulated complicated ventral hernias enables to reduce the number of complications and improve the results of surgical outcomes.
Changes in amount and length of periods of stereotypic behavior in Jersey cows with and without access to pasture
Authors: Demba Susanne , Rose Sandra 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the access to pasture affects the stereotypic behavior of Jersey cows kept in loose housing systems. Therefore, a total of 21 randomly selected Jersey cows housed in two different investigation farms were observed once a week for four weeks in winter and summer, respectively, using the focal sampling method. On every examination day, each cow was observed for 15 min and the amount (AP) and length (LP) of periods, in which the cows showed stereotypic behavior within this observation time, were counted. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were carried out to estimate differences between pasture access and no pasture access regarding AP and LP. Welch two sample t-tests were performed to detect differences in AP and LP between both investigation farms. The results of the study show significant differences between the option of pasture access and no pasture access regarding the values of AP and LP. The values of AP (p = 0.001) as well as the values of LP (p = 0.006) were lower when the cows had access to the pasture. No differences could be found between the investigation farms. It could be concluded that the access to pasture has a significant influence on the stereotypic behavior of Jersey cows. Further studies are needed to intensively analyze the causes of stereotypic behavior in Jersey cows.
Disruption of the foxe1 gene in zebrafish reveals conserved functions in development of the craniofacial skeleton and the thyroid
Authors: Raterman Sophie T. , Von Den Hoff Johannes W. , Dijkstra Sietske , De Vriend Cheyenne , Te Morsche Tim , Broekman Sanne , Zethof Jan , De Vrieze Erik , Wagener Frank A. D. T. G. , Metz Juriaan R. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Mutations in the FOXE1 gene are implicated in cleft palate and thyroid dysgenesis in humans.Methods: To investigate whether zebrafish could provide meaningful insights into the etiology of developmental defects in humans related to FOXE1, we generated a zebrafish mutant that has a disruption in the nuclear localization signal in the foxe1 gene, thereby restraining nuclear access of the transcription factor. We characterized skeletal development and thyroidogenesis in these mutants, focusing on embryonic and larval stages.Results: Mutant larvae showed aberrant skeletal phenotypes in the ceratohyal cartilage and had reduced whole body levels of Ca, Mg and P, indicating a critical role for foxe1 in early skeletal development. Markers of bone and cartilage (precursor) cells were differentially expressed in mutants in post-migratory cranial neural crest cells in the pharyngeal arch at 1 dpf, at induction of chondrogenesis at 3 dpf and at the start of endochondral bone formation at 6 dpf. Foxe1 protein was detected in differentiated thyroid follicles, suggesting a role for the transcription factor in thyroidogenesis, but thyroid follicle morphology or differentiation were unaffected in mutants.Discussion: Taken together, our findings highlight the conserved role of Foxe1 in skeletal development and thyroidogenesis, and show differential signaling of osteogenic and chondrogenic genes related to foxe1 mutation.
Ethical and legal considerations influencing human involvement in the implementation of artificial intelligence in a clinical pathway: A multi-stakeholder perspective
Authors: Redrup Hill Elizabeth , Mitchell Colin , Brigden Tanya , Hall Alison 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionEthical and legal factors will have an important bearing on when and whether automation is appropriate in healthcare. There is a developing literature on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) in health, including specific legal or regulatory questions such as whether there is a right to an explanation of AI decision-making. However, there has been limited consideration of the specific ethical and legal factors that influence when, and in what form, human involvement may be required in the implementation of AI in a clinical pathway, and the views of the wide range of stakeholders involved. To address this question, we chose the exemplar of the pathway for the early detection of Barrett's Oesophagus (BE) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, where Gehrung and colleagues have developed a “semi-automated”, deep-learning system to analyse samples from the CytospongeTM TFF3 test (a minimally invasive alternative to endoscopy), where AI promises to mitigate increasing demands for pathologists' time and input.MethodsWe gathered a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders, including developers, patients, healthcare professionals and regulators, to obtain their perspectives on the ethical and legal issues that may arise using this exemplar.ResultsThe findings are grouped under six general themes: risk and potential harms; impacts on human experts; equity and bias; transparency and oversight; patient information and choice; accountability, moral responsibility and liability for error. Within these themes, a range of subtle and context-specific elements emerged, highlighting the importance of pre-implementation, interdisciplinary discussions and appreciation of pathway specific considerations.DiscussionTo evaluate these findings, we draw on the well-established principles of biomedical ethics identified by Beauchamp and Childress as a lens through which to view these results and their implications for personalised medicine. Our findings are not only relevant to this context but have implications for AI in digital pathology and healthcare more broadly.
Systematic review of acupuncture to improve ovarian function in women with poor ovarian response
Authors: Wang Rong-Rong , Su Meng-Hua , Liu Li-Ying , Lai Yuan-Yuan , Guo Xiao-Li , Gan Di , Zheng Xiao-Yan , Yang Han , Yu Si-Yi , Liang Fan-Rong , Wei Wei , Zhong Ying , Yang Jie 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of acupuncture in treating poor ovarian response (POR).MethodsWe searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, CNKI, CBM, VIP database, Wanfang Database, and relevant registration databases from inception to January 30, 2023. In this review, both Chinese and English peer-reviewed literature were included. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using acupuncture as an intervention for POR patients undergoing in vitro fertilization were considered.ResultsSeven clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eventually included for comparison (516 women). The quality of included studies was generally low or very low. For the meta-analysis, seven studies showed that compared with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) therapy, acupuncture combined with COH therapy could significantly increase the implantation rate (RR=2.13, 95%CI [1.08, 4.21], p=0.03), the number of oocytes retrieved (MD=1.02, 95%CI [0.72, 1.32], p&lt;0.00001), the thickness of endometrium (MD=0.54, 95%CI [0.13, 0.96], p=0.01), and the antral follicle count (MD=1.52, 95%CI [1.08, 1.95], p&lt;0.00001), reduce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (MD=-1.52, 95%CI [-2.41, -0.62], p=0.0009) and improve estradiol (E2) levels (MD=1667.80, 95%CI [1578.29, 1757.31], p&lt;0.00001). Besides, there were significant differences in the duration of Gn (MD=0.47, 95%CI [-0.00, 0.94], p=0.05) between the two groups. However, no statistical variation was observed in improving clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, luteinizing hormone (LH) value, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) value, or reducing the dose of gonadotropin (Gn) values between the acupuncture plus COH therapy group and the COH therapy group.ConclusionAcupuncture combined with COH therapy is doubtful in improving the pregnancy outcome of POR patients. Secondly, acupuncture can also improve the sex hormone level of POR women, and improve ovarian function. Furthermore, more RCTs of acupuncture in POR are needed to be incorporated into future meta-analyses.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42020169560.
Disparities in health condition diagnoses among aging transgender and cisgender medicare beneficiaries, 2008-2017
Authors: Hughto Jaclyn M. W. , Varma Hiren , Babbs Gray , Yee Kim , Alpert Ash , Hughes Landon , Ellison Jacqueline , Downing Jae , Shireman Theresa I. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe objective of this research is to provide national estimates of the prevalence of health condition diagnoses among age-entitled transgender and cisgender Medicare beneficiaries. Quantification of the health burden across sex assigned at birth and gender can inform prevention, research, and allocation of funding for modifiable risk factors.MethodsUsing 2009–2017 Medicare fee-for-service data, we implemented an algorithm that leverages diagnosis, procedure, and pharmacy claims to identify age-entitled transgender Medicare beneficiaries and stratify the sample by inferred gender: trans feminine and nonbinary (TFN), trans masculine and nonbinary (TMN), and unclassified. We selected a 5% random sample of cisgender individuals for comparison. We descriptively analyzed (means and frequencies) demographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, US census region, months of enrollment) and used chi-square and t-tests to determine between- (transgender vs. cisgender) and within-group gender differences (e.g., TMN, TFN, unclassified) difference in demographics (p&lt;0.05). We then used logistic regression to estimate and examine within- and between-group gender differences in the predicted probability of 25 health conditions, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, enrollment length, and census region.ResultsThe analytic sample included 9,975 transgender (TFN n=4,198; TMN n=2,762; unclassified n=3,015) and 2,961,636 cisgender (male n=1,294,690, female n=1,666,946) beneficiaries. The majority of the transgender and cisgender samples were between the ages of 65 and 69 and White, non-Hispanic. The largest proportion of transgender and cisgender beneficiaries were from the South. On average, transgender individuals had more months of enrollment than cisgender individuals. In adjusted models, aging TFN or TMN Medicare beneficiaries had the highest probability of each of the 25 health diagnoses studied relative to cisgender males or females. TFN beneficiaries had the highest burden of health diagnoses relative to all other groups.DiscussionThese findings document disparities in key health condition diagnoses among transgender Medicare beneficiaries relative to cisgender individuals. Future application of these methods will enable the study of rare and anatomy-specific conditions among hard-to-reach aging transgender populations and inform interventions and policies to address documented disparities.