bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of methods for calculation of the formation enthalpies of some inorganic compounds in the system CaO—BaO—Al2O3—Fe2O3—SiO2
Authors: Taranenkova Viktoriia , Shabanova Halyna , Korohodska Alla , Myrgorod Oksana , Kapustyak Anton 
Published: January 2025

CaO—BaO—Al2O3—Fe2O3—SiO2 system, containing both high­melting hydraulic active compounds and phases, which are characterized by high­protection properties for x­rays and gamma­radiation, is of potential interest in the field of special binders.
To create the materials mentioned above first of all it is necessary to predict the preliminary interaction of components in the system and, consequently, the properties of products obtained. From this point of view, the thermodynamic method is preferable since it allows a calculation approach, without carrying out numerous experiments, to determine optimum synthesis conditions and composition of products. However, the absence of experimental data for standard enthalpies of formation (ΔHfº298) of some inorganic compounds does not allow us to obtain thermodynamic characteristics of all studied processes.
By using the various methods, the unknown values of standard enthalpies of formation for binary compounds Ba4SiO6, Ba3SiO5, Ba5Si8O21, Ba3Si5O13, Ba4Al2O7, Ba5Al2O8, Ba7Al2O10, Ba8Al2O11, Ва10А12О13, СaFe4O7, Ba5Fe2O8, Ba2Fe6O11 as well as ternary compounds ВаСа2Si3О9, BaCaAl4O8, CaBaFe4O8 have been calculated. An assessment of the accuracy of calculations fulfilled following the various methods is given. The possibility of using the modernized Sladkov—Morachevsky’s method for calculating the formation enthalpies of ternary compounds is shown. Also, the advantages of the technique proposed by authors for the calculation of heat formation of complex oxygen­containing inorganic compounds are presented. The given method allows to calculation of the standard heat formation for ternary compounds using the mean gram­atom heat of the formation of compounds for the specific class which is defined as the ratio of the sum of the formation enthalpies of all binary compounds of the ternary system ΔHfº298, whose have been determined experimentally, to the number of atoms which these compounds consist of.
Striving for Superiority Reflected in the Main Character of Angie Thomas’s the Hate U Give: A Psychological Study
Authors: Utami Shofia Nur Rachma , Wajiran Wajiran , Fakiha Arain  
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the main character, Starr Carter, in Angie Thomas' The Hate U Give, using Adlerian psychology to explore her drive, motivation, and development. Starr’s feelings of inferiority, stemming from her social and economic conditions, race, and traumatic experiences, are examined. The study reveals that Starr compensates for these feelings by adopting two contrasting personas: one in her predominantly white school and another in her Black neighborhood. However, as the story progresses, Starr strives for superiority by embracing her true identity and overcoming the challenges of racism, social inequality, and personal trauma. Her final goal is to unify these conflicting identities and assert her voice as a Black woman, representing her community in the fight against institutional racism. Through creative power and striving for success, Starr transforms her initial inferiority into activism, culminating in her decision to use her voice for justice, particularly following the murder of her friend, Khalil. This research contributes to understanding how Adlerian concepts apply to literary character analysis, especially in the context of racial identity and social justice.
From Lungs to Spine:the Tale of a Pandemic
Authors: - Mohammed Shanil P , - Farsana Jasmin K 
Published: January 2025

Pneumorrhachis, also known as Epidural emphysema, is a rare condition characterised by intraspinal air or air in the epidural space as a result of traumatic, iatrogenic factors from surgery, anaesthesia, and diagnostic interventions, or as a result of non-traumatic incidents, such as forced coughing from bronchial asthma. Rarely, this condition is linked to Covid 19. A case of pneumomediastinum complicated by pneumorrhachis (PR) in an elderly man with a covid-positive diagnosis is presented here. Our study emphasises the significance of physician vigilance in cases of covid patients reporting lower back pain. Complications related to covid-induced pneumorrhachis can be reduced by prompt diagnosis and ventilation strategy.
Failure Analysis of Metal Oxide Varistor used in Wireless Charger of Automotive Vehicle
Authors: Bhatt Srishti , Dr. Shirish C. Bali  
Published: January 2025

Automotive advancement mainly focuses on Personalization, Automation, Connectivity and Electrification (PACE) which includes advancement in wireless and telecommunication domain. Different mobile wireless-charging technologies are being developed in recent automotive trends. This enables the smartphone to start charging simply by placing on the charging pad. The heart of the technology is its Printed Circuit Board (PCB) which contains multiple power-electronics to meet the customer demands. Epoxy moulded chip type Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) is a widely used in automotive sector.
In present study, an in-service failed molded MOV of a wireless charger was received for failure investigation. As per failure investigation, the MOV failed due to puncture type failure which is confirmed by presence of puncture type hole in the ceramic, smooth fracture surface and Ag precipitates in the ceramic matrix. The failure can be prevented by selecting MOVs as per threshold acceptable current limit and load dump factor of the application.
Keywords: Failure Analysis, Metal Oxide Varistor, Wireless Charger, Automotive Vehicle, MOV, Materials, SEM/EDS
Shocked POststarburst Galaxy Survey. IV. Outflows in Shocked Poststarburst Galaxies Are Not Responsible for Quenching
Authors: Fodor Antoniu , Tomko Taylor , Braun Mary , Medling Anne M. , Johnson Thomas M. , Thompson Alexander , Johnston Victor D. , Newhouse Matthew , Luo Yuanze , French K. Decker , Otter Justin A. , Tripathi Akshat , Verrico Margaret E. , Alatalo Katherine , Rowlands Kate , Heckman Timothy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Shocked POstarburst Galaxies (SPOGs) exhibit both emission lines suggestive of shock-heated gas and poststarburst-like stellar absorption, resulting in a unique subset for galaxy evolution studies. We have observed 77 galaxies that fulfilled the SPOG criteria selection using the DeVeny Spectrograph on the Lowell Discovery Telescope. Our long-slit minor axis spectra detect Hα and [O III] in some SPOGs out to 6 kpc above the galactic plane. We find extraplanar ionized gas in 31 targets of our sample overall. Using their internal and external kinematics, we argue that 22 galaxies host outflows with ionized gas masses ranging from 102
M
⊙ to 105
M
⊙. The rest are likely extended diffuse ionized gas. A positive correlation exists between active galactic nuclei (AGN) luminosity and the extraplanar gas extent, velocity dispersion, and mass—suggesting that the AGN may indeed drive the outflows detected in AGN hosts. The low masses of the extraplanar gas suggest that these outflows are not depleting each galaxy’s gas reserves. The outflows, therefore, are not likely a significant quenching mechanism in these SPOGs.
Geometrical Distances of Extragalactic Binaries through Spectroastrometry
Authors: Songsheng Yu-Yang , Wang Jian-Min , Cao Yuan , Chen XueFei , Xiong JianPing , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Cai Rong-Gen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growing “Hubble tension” has prompted the need for precise measurements of cosmological distances. This paper demonstrates a purely geometric approach for determining the distances to extragalactic binaries through a joint analysis of spectroastrometry (SA), radial velocity (RV), and light-curve (LC) observations. A parameterized model for the binary system is outlined, and simulated SA, RV, and LC data are computed to infer the probability distribution of model parameters based on the mock data. The impacts of data quality and binary parameters on the distance uncertainties are comprehensively analyzed, showcasing the method’s potential for high-precision distance measurements. For a typical eclipsing binary in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the distance uncertainty is approximately 6% under reasonable observational conditions. Within a specific range of data quality and input parameters, the distance measurement precision of individual binary star systems is generally better than 10%. As a geometric method based on the simplest dynamics, it is independent of empirical calibration, and the systematics caused by model selections can be tested using nearby binaries with known distances. By measuring multiple binary star systems or monitoring one binary system repeatedly, geometric distance measurements of nearby galaxies can be achieved, providing valuable insights into the Hubble tension and advancing our understanding of the Universe’s structure and evolution.
A Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation of Coronal Mass Ejections in the Upper Corona at 2.5R⊙ ≤ r ≤ 19R⊙
Authors: Hayashi Keiji , Wu Chin-Chun , Liou Kan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The methodology of a new magnetohydrodynamics simulation model of the propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the near-Sun solar wind region at 2.5R
⊙ ≥ r ≥ 19R
⊙ is presented. The simulation model first determines the steady state of the transonic/Alfvénic solar wind with the characteristic-based inner boundary treatment for the middle of the corona at r = 2.5R
⊙ (K. Hayashi et al. 2023). To determine the numerical perturbation on the 2.5 R
⊙inner boundary surface, a kinetic self-similar model with a torus-shaped magnetic-field rope and a spherically symmetric plasma structure translating and expanding at the constant speed (named TICK model) is developed. A solar-wind MHD model (C.-C. Wu et al. 2020b) traces the temporal evolution of the injected CME through the inner boundary surface. We conducted test simulations with various choices of plasma density and temperature. The test simulation results show that the injected CME, particularly its internal magnetic structure, can be substantially altered through the interactions with the preexisting slow and dense ambient solar wind at the early phase of the propagation in the near-Sun region. The propagation speed of the discontinuity front is found to be dependent on the plasma parameters of the CME perturbation. Therefore, for better simulating the propagation of the CME, it is important for the CME models to include the nonlinear MHD interactions in the subsonic/Alfvénic regions.
A Geometric Approach to Estimate Background in Astronomical Images
Authors: Pandey Pushpak , Saha Kanak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Estimating the true background in an astronomical image is fundamental to detecting faint sources. In a typical low-photon-count astronomical image, such as in the far- and near-ultraviolet wavelength ranges, conventional methods relying on 3σ clipping and median or mode estimation often fail to capture the true background level accurately. As a consequence, differentiating true sources from noise peaks remains a challenging task. Additionally, in such images, effectively identifying and excluding faint sources during the background estimation process remains crucial, as undetected faint sources could contaminate the background. This results in overestimating the true background and obscuring the detection of very faint sources. To tackle this problem, we introduce a geometric approach based on the method of steepest descent to identify local minima in an astronomical image. The proposed algorithm, based on the minima statistics, effectively reduces the confusion between sources and background in the image, thereby ensuring a better background estimation and enhancing the reliability of faint-source detection. Our algorithm performs well compared to conventional methods in estimating the background even in crowded field images. In low-photon-count, less crowded images, our algorithm recovers the background within 10%, while traditional methods drastically underestimate it by a few orders of magnitude. In crowded fields, the conventional methods overestimate the background by ∼200% whereas our algorithm recovers the true background within ∼14%. We provide a simple prescription to create a background map using our algorithm and discuss its application in large astronomical surveys.
Span-of-control’s role at the intersection of transactional leadership and employee commitment
Authors: Mabasa Tabea R. , Eresia-eke Chukuakadibia E. 
Published: January 2025

Orientation: South African state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are overburdened by excessive top-level management, straining human capital budgets. Reducing this may increase the span of control, affecting the relationship between leadership style and employee commitment.Research purpose: This study examines the role of span of control in the relationship between the transactional leadership behaviours of Black top managers and employee commitment in South African SOEs.Motivation for the study: Aligning leadership behaviours with employee expectations is crucial for fostering commitment and retaining talent, especially in South African SOEs facing performance issues.Research design, approach and method: A positivist approach and quantitative method were employed. Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires from a purposive sample of employees of SOEs. The study’s constructs were assessed using validated instruments, including the multifactor leadership scale and the three-component employee commitment model. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed for data analysis.Main findings: The study reveals that span of control does not moderate the relationship between contingent reward behaviour or management by exception (Passive) and employee commitment. However, span of control moderates the relationship between management by exception (Active) and affective commitment, but not with normative commitment or continuance commitment.Practical/Managerial implication: The findings highlight specific leadership behaviours that can enhance employee commitment in South African SOEs with increased span of control.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to leadership theory by identifying how span of control influences the relationship between leadership behaviour and employee commitment in South African SOEs.
Evaluation of Serum D-dimer Levels and the Disease Severity in Patients of Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Budamakuntla Leelavathy , Somashekar Sachin , Ramesh Heera , Kini Tapasya S , Kumar S Nandish 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Urticaria is a common disorder. Besides autoimmunity, the coagulation pathway is also involved in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria (CU). Previous studies showed that plasma D-dimer levels paralleled the severity of the disease.

Objective:
This study aimed to find the relationship between plasma D-dimer levels and the disease severity in patients with CU.

Materials and Methods:
The study population comprised 59 adult patients with CU recruited from the dermatology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital. The patients enrolled in the study (by random sampling) were subjected to blood sampling for estimation of D-dimer levels after a thorough history and examination. Assessment of disease severity was estimated according to the Urticaria Activity Score 7, and the patients were classified into mild, moderate, and severe urticaria. All patients also underwent autologous serum skin test.

Results:
Out of the 59 patients, the D-dimer levels were increased in 59% (n = 35) of the patients and normal in 41% (n = 24) of patients. About 30.5% (n = 18) of patients had mild urticaria, 54.23% (n = 32) of the patients had moderate urticaria, and 15.25% (n = 9) of patients had severe urticaria. About 33.33% of the patients with mild urticaria had raised D-dimer levels, 71.87% of the patients with moderate urticaria had raised D-dimer levels, and 66.7% of the patients with severe urticaria had raised D-dimer levels. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between plasma D-dimer levels and severity of urticaria.

Conclusion:
Patients with CU show elevated D-dimer plasma levels. There was a positive correlation between plasma D-dimer levels and the severity of CU. Investigation for plasma D-dimer level may be an alternative way to evaluate disease severity in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Single Session Multimodal Approach to Treat Acne Scars Using Subcision, Fractional CO2, and Stromal Vascular Fraction Injection
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Chandraiah Madura , Shivanna Chandrashekar Byalakere 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Acne scars are commonly seen in the young population affecting quality of life. Treatment requires different modalities which can span over few months to years. A multimodal approach is required to treat various types of scars in a single session.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of multimodal approach for acne scars using blunt subcision, fractional CO2 laser, and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) injection.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 20 patients with atrophic scars. All the patients were treated with subcision using Taylor Acne Liberator™ after injection of tumescent anesthesia, CO2 laser, and SVF injection. Patients were followed up at intervals of 5 days, 1 month, and 3 months. Side effects of the procedure were noted.

Results:
The mean improvement in acne scars was 3.2 after 3 months of procedure. This indicates the role of multimodal approach in treating various types of scars in single sessions. Seventy percent of patients were extremely satisfied with the procedure.

Conclusion:
The multimodal approach gives excellent results in the management of acne scars and can be used when patients cannot visit frequently for treatment.
The Relationship between Serous Choroidal Detachment and the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Failure
Authors: Yadgari Maryam , Shojaei Baghini Ahmad , Vafaei Fatemeh , Attarian Behnoosh , Hatami Mohammadmehdi , Sheibani Kourosh , Hooshmandi Sadid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the effect of serous choroidal detachment (SCD) on the success of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.

Methods:
Patients who underwent AGV implantation and developed SCD were included in the case group. The control group was matched based on age, sex, baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma type, and the number of glaucoma medications. The patient data were retrospectively extracted from available records. The primary outcome measure was an AGV success rate based on 5 < IOP <18 and a 20% reduction from baseline.

Results:
Seventeen patients were enrolled in the case group and 38 in the control group. Preoperative visual acuity of patients was 1.17 ± 0.43 and 1.16 ± 0.37 logMAR in the case and control groups, respectively. The patients in the case group showed higher mean IOP at all time intervals compared to controls. However, the mean IOP only reached a statistically significant difference at 3 months (17.94 ± 6.78 mmHg vs. 13.39 ± 3.09 mmHg, P = 0.003). The mean survival duration was significantly shorter in patients with SCD (10.4 ± 0.7 months vs. 11.7 ± 0.2 months for controls log-rank = 4.1, P = 0.04). The cumulative probability of success was 76.5% in patients with SCD and 94.7% in the control group after 12 months.

Conclusions:
SCD after AGV implantation could be a risk factor for failure. A larger prospective study with a longer follow-up duration is required to confirm the present study results.
Epidemiology and Visual Outcome of Pediatric Ocular Trauma in a Major Tertiary Eye Center in Tunisia: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Rmili Mohamed Foued , Chebil Ahmed , Limaiem Rim , Chaker Nibrass , Bouraoui Rym , Falfoul Yousra , El Matri Leila 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
To describe the epidemiological profile, clinical characteristics, and visual outcome of pediatric ocular trauma in Tunisia.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the charts of 398 children younger than 16 years of age, presenting to the Emergency Department “B” of Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, for ocular trauma. The study period was between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2019. The final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured at the end of the follow-up period, which was 6 months. We used the Chi-squared test to compare the two groups of final visual acuities (good vs. poor visual outcome) for different prognostic factors. The ocular trauma score (OTS) and the pediatric OTS (POTS) were calculated for each child. We used the Cohen’s kappa coefficient to evaluate the agreement between our final visual acuities using OTS and POTS.

Results:
The mean age was 7.95 years with a sex ratio (males to females) of 5.32. Closed-globe injury (CGI) was found in 321 eyes, while 101 eyes had open-globe injury (OGI). Injuries were bilateral in 24 children. The majority of injuries occurred at home. The predominant mechanism of injury was fall in CGI and tree branch in OGI. Initial and final BCVA were predominantly ≤0.3 logMAR in both CGI and OGI. OTS category 3 and POTS category 2 were the most common. Factors associated with poor prognosis included delay to consultation >24 h (P = 0.0001); initial BCVA >1 logMAR (P = 0.0001); OGI (P = 0.001); size of injury ≥5 mm (P = 0.01); zone III in OGI (P = 0.032); endophthalmitis (P = 0.001); OTS 1 and 2 (P = 0.01); POTS 1 (P = 0.0001); and the following associated lesions: cataract (P = 0.006), retinal detachment (P = 0.03), and intraocular foreign body (P = 0.03). We found that both OTS (P = 0.001) and POTS (P = 0.003) were predictive of the final BCVA, with a moderate agreement between them (Cohen’s kappa = 0.56).

Conclusions:
Studying the epidemiological profile and identifying the risk factors for poor visual outcome of pediatric ocular trauma are necessary to implement preventive measures. A thorough clinical evaluation and close patient follow-up are crucial for identifying these risk factors. Both OTS and POTS were predictive of the final visual outcome. POTS has the advantage of bypassing the initial visual acuity which may be difficult to assess in children.
Compliance of registered nurses with patient safety precautions in paediatric units: A cross sectional study from Eastern India
Authors: Shivani S. , Bai J. Hepsi 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
Patient safety is an important aspect of the quality of healthcare rendered. The incidence of adverse events or medical errors is more common in children than adults. The present study aimed to study registered nurse (RN) compliance with safety precautions for patients admitted to paediatric wards.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in paediatric units of tertiary care hospitals in Eastern India during the 1st half of 2020. Data were collected using validated observation checklist.

Results:
A total of 189 observations were made from all three paediatric units. The reason stated for non-compliance by RNs regarding hand anti-septic close to bed was 40 (66.7%) as non-availability was the major reason mentioned followed by 10 (5.3%) not an assigned responsibility and 10 (5.3%) time constraints.

Conclusion:
For paediatric inpatients, the majority of RNs followed the safety precautions. Despite the significant progress made in recent years due to increased awareness of patient safety precautions, there is still a need to increase patient safety compliance by addressing non-compliance factors such as time constraints, high nurse-to-patient ratios and redundant tasks.