bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between ambient temperature and pregnancy outcomes from three south Asian sites of the Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shankar Kartik , Hwang Kay , Westcott Jamie L. , Saleem Sarah , Ali Sumera A. , Jessani Saleem , Patel Archana , Kavi Avinash , Somannavar Manjunath S. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Derman Richard J. , Hoffman Matthew , Wylie Blair J. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Thorsten Vanessa R. , McClure Elizabeth M. , Krebs Nancy F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveGrowing evidence suggests that environmental heat stress negatively influences fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of heat stress on pregnancy outcomes in low‐resource settings. We combined data from a large multi‐country maternal–child health registry and meteorological data to assess the impacts of heat stress.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThree sites based in south Asia as part of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health research in India (Belagavi and Nagpur) and Pakistan (Thatta).Population or SampleData from women enrolled between 2014 and 2020 in the Global Network's Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR), a prospective, population‐based registry of pregnancies, were used.MethodsA total of 126 273 pregnant women were included in this analysis. Daily maximal air temperatures (Tmax) were acquired from local meteorological records. Associations between averages of daily maximal temperatures for each trimester and main outcomes were analysed using a modified Poisson regression approach.Main outcomes measuresIncidence of stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight (<2500 g) or evidence of pregnancy hypertension or pre‐eclampsia.ResultsIn the overall cohort, risk of preterm birth was positively associated with greater temperature in the second trimester (relative risk [RR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.07, p = 0.0002). Among individual sites, the risk of preterm birth was greatest in Nagpur (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.11, p = 0.0005) and associated with second‐trimester temperature. The overall risk of low birthweight was associated with ambient temperature in second trimester (RR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, p = 0.01). The risk for LBW was associated with first‐trimester heat in Thatta and with second‐trimester heat in Nagpur. Finally, the overall risk of gestational hypertensive disease was associated with greater temperature in the third trimester among all sites (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12, p = 0.005) and was particularly significant for Nagpur (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.23, p = 0.002). These findings highlight the increased risk of detrimental obstetric and neonatal outcomes with greater temperature.ConclusionIn a multi‐country, community‐based study, greater risk of adverse outcomes was observed with increasing temperature. The study highlights the need for deeper understanding of covarying factors and intervention strategies, especially in regions where high temperatures are common.
Environmental RNA can distinguish life stages in amphibian populations
Authors: Parsley Meghan B. , Goldberg Caren S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractApplications of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis methods for biomonitoring have grown exponentially over the last decade and provide a wealth of new information on the distribution of species. However, eDNA methods have limited application for estimating population‐level metrics. Environmental RNA (eRNA) has the potential to address ecological questions by gathering population demographic information from environmental media but may be challenging to detect and analyze. We developed gene‐specific eRNA assays targeting keratin‐associated genes in two focal species, American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) to answer an important question in amphibian management: whether species detections represent breeding populations versus transitory adults. We performed an extensive laboratory validation with amphibians housed across development stages, where we collected 95 and 127 environmental samples for bullfrogs and salamanders, respectively. Both assays were highly specific to the larval stage and amplified with high sensitivity (90% in bullfrog and 88.4% in tiger salamander samples). We then applied our validated assays to multiple natural systems. When larvae were present, we found 74.1% overall detection in bullfrog field samples and 70.8% and 48.5% overall detection in field samples from ponds with A. macrodactylum and A. californiense larvae, correlating with eDNA detection rates. When only adults were present, we did not detect larvae‐specific eRNA in A. macrodactylum ponds, despite high eDNA detection rates. Although much work is ahead for optimizing assay design, sampling and filtering methods, we demonstrate that eRNA can successfully be used to discern life stages with direct application for ecology and conservation management.
Real‐world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes after introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors: Results from a retrospective chart review of patients with advanced/metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer in the EU5
Authors: Slowley Alexander , Phiri Kelesitse , Multani Jasjit K. , Casey Vicky , Mpima Sheila , Yasuda Marie , Chen Chi‐Chang , Manuguid Fil , Chao Jessica , Aziez Amine , Bell Kelly F. , Stojadinovic Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world evidence is increasingly used to guide treatment and regulatory decisions for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Real‐world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes among patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK (EU5) were assessed.MethodsThis retrospective physician‐completed patient chart review assessed treatment patterns (regimen, duration of treatment [DOT], time to discontinuation), and clinical outcomes (duration of response [DOR], progression‐free survival [PFS], and overall survival [OS]) of patients with stage IIIB/C or IV NSCLC who received pembrolizumab‐based first‐line induction chemotherapy.ResultsOverall, 322 patients were included; at first‐line maintenance (1LM), 92% had stage IV NSCLC, 68% had nonsquamous histology, and 89% had no central nervous system (CNS)/brain metastasis. The two most common 1LM regimens were pembrolizumab monotherapy (76% overall) and pembrolizumab + pemetrexed (21% overall). Docetaxel monotherapy was the most common second‐line regimen in all countries except Germany (54% overall). For 1LM therapy, the overall median DOT and DOR were 5 and 10 months, respectively; PFS was 7 months and OS was 8 months. Germany had a longer duration of each outcome except for DOR which was longer in Spain. Clinical outcomes were generally poorer for patients with squamous histology and CNS/brain metastases.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated differences in treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in NSCLC across the EU5 and patient subgroups. Improved survival was generally associated with response to first‐line therapy, nonsquamous histology, and CNS/brain metastases absence. These real‐world data provide valuable insights which may aid treatment decision‐making and clinical trial design.
Placebo Tests for Causal Inference
Authors: Eggers Andrew C. , Tuñón Guadalupe , Dafoe Allan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlacebo tests are increasingly common in applied social science research, but the methodological literature has not previously offered a comprehensive account of what we learn from them. We define placebo tests as tools for assessing the plausibility of the assumptions underlying a research design relative to some departure from those assumptions. We offer a typology of tests defined by the aspect of the research design that is altered to produce it (outcome, treatment, or population) and the type of assumption that is tested (bias assumptions or distributional assumptions). Our formal framework clarifies the extra assumptions necessary for informative placebo tests; these assumptions can be strong, and in some cases similar assumptions would justify a different procedure allowing the researcher to relax the research design's assumptions rather than test them. Properly designed and interpreted, placebo tests can be an important device for assessing the credibility of empirical research designs.
IFNγ protects motor neurons from oxidative stress via enhanced global protein synthesis in FUS‐associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Assoni Amanda Faria , Guerrero Erika N. , Wardenaar René , Oliveira Danyllo , Bakker Petra L. , Alves Luciana M. , Carvalho Valdemir M. , Okamoto Oswaldo Keith , Zatz Mayana , Foijer Floris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6 (ALS6) is a familial subtype of ALS linked to Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene mutation. FUS mutations lead to decreased global protein synthesis, but the mechanism that drives this has not been established. Here, we used ALS6 patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) to study the effect of the ALS6 FUSR521H mutation on the translation machinery in motor neurons (MNs). We find, in agreement with findings of others, that protein synthesis is decreased in FUSR521H MNs. Furthermore, FUSR521H MNs are more sensitive to oxidative stress and display reduced expression of TGF‐β and mTORC gene pathways when stressed. Finally, we show that IFNγ treatment reduces apoptosis of FUSR521H MNs exposed to oxidative stress and partially restores the translation rates in FUSR521H MNs. Overall, these findings suggest that a functional IFNγ response is important for FUS‐mediated protein synthesis, possibly by FUS nuclear translocation in ALS6.
Ulnar fracture deriving from metastasis of a primary hepatoblastoma in a Thoroughbred weanling
Authors: Mc Sweeney Denise , Ruby Rebecca E. , Murphy Catherine , Rodgerson Dwayne 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAn 8‐month‐old Thoroughbred filly presented for surgical repair of a fracture of the right olecranon. Fixation of the fracture with an orthopaedic plate and screws was attempted, with complications of intraoperative haemorrhage and poor bone viability. The filly was euthanised 5 days after the repair, following a post‐operative secondary fracture. Primary hepatoblastoma of the liver with secondary metastasis of the right humerus, radius and ulna were diagnosed at necropsy. A history of ‘un‐thriftiness’ was later described by the farm manager.
Beyond the institution versus home care dichotomy: Lessons from a feeding‐tube medical home
Authors: Loftus Sara Gilbert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDecades of rights‐based advocacy for people with disabilities have transitioned long‐term care in the United States from institutional settings to home‐based care provided by interdependent care networks. This paper argues that policies and practices within these home‐based care systems unintentionally produce and often perpetuate unrecognized structural violence on the recipients of care and the caregivers. Understanding the caregivers' experiences through a case study of a Facebook feeding tube family support group exposes the geographic realities and ableist underpinnings of the home‐based care model that undergird this violence. Further, I illustrate the contradictions of “home is best” ideology by focusing on three interwoven themes: structural dependency on unpaid mother‐experts, spatio‐temporal erasure through decentralization, and invasive surveillance structures. This research attends to how home‐based care, as a practice and a place, reflects broader patriarchal, gendered, and neoliberal concepts of autonomy and individual rights as expressed through policies like “person‐centered” care and the medical home model. While this analysis has theoretical, methodological, and policy implications, more important is the contextualization of family experiences that sometimes impacts life and death.
Hesperidin suppressed metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth in Balb/c mice model of breast cancer
Authors: Shakiba Elham , Bazi Ali , Ghasemi Hamed , Eshaghi‐Gorji Reza , Mehdipour Seyyed Alireza , Nikfar Banafsheh , Rashidi Mohsen , Mirzaei Sepideh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConsidering the unfavourable response of breast cancer (BC) to treatment, we assessed the therapeutic potential hesperidin in mice bearing 4T1 BC tumours. Anti‐tumour effects were assessed by measuring pathologic complete response (pCR), survival analysis, immunohistochemistry for E‐cadherin, VEGF, MMP9, MMP2 and Ki‐67, serum measurement of IFNγ and IL‐4, and gene expression analysis of CD105, VEGFa, VEGFR2 and COX2. Survival of tumour‐bearing mice was the highest in mice receiving a combination of hesperidin and doxorubicin (Dox) (80%) compared to the normal saline (43%), hesperidin 5 (54%), 10 (55.5%), 10 (60.5%) and 40 (66%) mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg Dox‐treated (73%) groups (p < 0.0001 for all). Compared to the normal saline group, there was a significant elevation in IFNγ level in the animals receiving 20 (p = 0.0026) and 40 (p < 0.001) mg/kg hesperidin, 10 mg/kg Dox (p < 0.001), and combined hesperidin (20 mg/kg) and Dox (10 mg/kg) (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in the gene expression of CD 105 (p = 0.0106), VEGFa (p < 0.0001), VEGFR2 (p < 0.0001), and Cox2 (p = 0.034) and a significant higher pCR score (p = 0.006) were noticed in mice treated with 10 mg/kg Dox + 20 mg/kg hesperidin compared to those treated with 10 mg/kg Dox alone. Immunohistochemical staining showed significant reductions in Ki‐67 (p < 0.001) and VEGF (p < 0.001) and a significant elevation in E‐cadherin (p = 0.005) in the 10 mg/kg Dox + 20 mg/kg treatment group than in 10 mg/kg Dox alone group. Hesperidin can be considered as a potentially suitable anti‐cancer agent for BC that can synergize with other chemotherapeutics.
Coercion and justification: a global public reason perspective on Security Council reform
Authors: PAVEL CARMEN E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Security Council is the only international body capable of authorizing the use of force in cases other than self‐defence. Its main mission is to protect international peace and security, and this has been reinterpreted in recent decades to include the protection of human rights in situations of grave humanitarian emergencies as well as to allow it to exercise legislative powers. Given this extraordinary range of functions, it is worth asking whether the Security Council is justified in their exercise. Should the international community entrust such power to an institution with the authority, structure, and decision‐making process of the Security Council? This article explores the implications of a distinctive tradition in political philosophy – namely, the public reason tradition – for judging the adequacy of some of the proposals for reform of the Security Council. I show that the scope of authority of the Security Council, as well as some of the proposals for reform, can be challenged on the basis of an emerging global public culture.
Influence of interdental spaces and the palate on the accuracy of maxillary scans acquired using different intraoral scanners
Authors: Akl Mohammed A. , Daifallah Khaled , Pérez‐Barquero Jorge Alonso , Barmak Abdul B. , Wee Alvin G. , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the influence of interdental spaces and scanning the palate on the accuracy of maxillary scans acquired using three intraoral scanners (IOSs).Materials and MethodsA virtual completely dentate maxillary cast without interdental spaces was obtained and modified to create 1, 2, and 3 mm of interdental spacing between the anterior teeth. These three files (reference standard tessellation language files) were used to print three reference casts. The reference casts were scanned using three IOSs: TRIOS4, iTero Element 5D, and Aoralscan2. Three groups were created based on the interdental spaces: 0, 1, 2, and 3 mm (n = 10). The groups were subdivided into two subgroups: no palate (NP subgroup) and palate (P subgroup). The reference STL files were used to measure the discrepancy with the experimental scans by calculating the root mean square (RMS) error. Three‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey pairwise comparison tests were used to analyze trueness. The Levene test was used to analyze precision (α = 0.05).ResultsTrueness ranged from 91 to 139 μm and precision ranged from 5 to 23 μm among the subgroups tested. A significant correlation was found between IOS*group (p<0.001) and IOS*subgroup ( p<0.001). Tukey test showed significant trueness differences among the interdental spaces tested (p<0.001). The 1‐ and 2‐mm groups obtained better trueness than the 0‐ and 3‐mm groups (p<0.001). An 11 μm mean trueness discrepancy was measured among the different interdental space groups tested. The P subgroups demonstrated significantly higher trueness when compared to the NP subgroups (p<0.001). The discrepancy between the maxillary scans with and without the palate was 4 μm. Significant precision discrepancies were found (p = 0.008), with the iTero group showing the lowest precision.ConclusionInterdental spaces and incorporation of the palate on maxillary intraoral scans influenced trueness and precision of the three IOSs tested. However, the scanning discrepancy measured may be of no clinical relevance.
I didn't think of that
Authors: Clarke Randolph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConsider cases in which an agent simply doesn.t think to do a certain thing, or doesn't think of a crucial consideration favoring doing a certain thing, or intends to do a certain thing but forgets to do it. In such a case, is the agent able to do the thing that she fails to do? Assume that commonly we all‐in can do things that we do not do. Here I argue that, given this assumption, in the cases under consideration, too, commonly agents all‐in can do the things they fail to do.
Multigenerational punishments on the children of Salvadoran immigrant and deported fathers
Authors: Torres Jose Alfredo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrawing on qualitative research conducted in the United States and in El Salvador, the author examines the experiences of the children of 40 immigrant men and 40 deported men. This study reveals the harmful effects of U.S. immigration policies and enforcement practices on the children of Salvadoran immigrant and deported fathers. Their children were found to have experienced the unintended consequences of U.S. immigration laws and enforcement practices in their own lives and relationships. These findings support Enriquez's (2015) concept of “multigenerational punishments” where children of immigrant parents share the risks and limitations associated with their parent's immigration status. They also experience the negative spill‐over effects of immigration policies and enforcement practices even though they were not directly targeted by these laws. This study reveals multigenerational punishments manifested in the form of social, economic, emotional, and physical inequalities which negatively affected the children of Salvadoran immigrant and deported fathers. As a result, many of their children experienced harmful changes in their lives and relationships under the U.S. immigration enforcement regime. This study is significant in that it provides insight into the issues that immigrant families face and the need for policy interventions for immigrant and deported parents and their children.
Associated Factors of Time Spent Walking for Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors
Authors: Choi Young-Ah , Lee Jung Soo , Kim Yeo Hyung 
Published: August 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the time that community-dwelling stroke survivors spent walking. Methods: We analyzed the cross-sectional data of 1534 community-dwelling stroke survivors from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Complex-sample logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with insufficient walking time (<90 min/wk). The mean time spent walking was examined according to age, sex, resistance exercise level, and self-reported disability using complex-sample general linear models. Results: Women (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–2.3), current smokers (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.8), insufficient resistance exercise (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5–3.5), and those with rural residences (OR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–1.9) were independently associated with insufficient walking time. The mean time spent walking was significantly lower in older adults aged ≥65 years than in young adults aged <65 years (200.0 ± 42.0 min/wk vs 287.2 ± 36.6 min/wk, P = .002), in women than in men (200.9 ± 44.9 vs 286.2 ± 37.7 min/wk, P = .027), and in individuals engaging in insufficient resistance exercise compared with those engaging in sufficient resistance exercise (203.2 ± 36.2 vs 283.9 ± 43.0 min/wk, P = .008). The mean walking time did not vary according to the presence of self-reported disabilities. Conclusions: Environmental and personal factors are associated with insufficient walking time in community-dwelling stroke survivors.
Social networking at the microbiome-host interface
Authors: Lamont Richard J. , Hajishengallis George , Koo Hyun 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Microbial species colonizing host ecosystems in health or disease rarely do so alone. Organisms conglomerate into dynamic heterotypic communities or biofilms in which interspecies and interkingdom interactions drive functional specialization of constituent species and shape community properties, including nososymbiocity or pathogenic potential. Cell-to-cell binding, exchange of signaling molecules, and nutritional codependencies can all contribute to the emergent properties of these communities. Spatial constraints defined by community architecture also determine overall community function. Multilayered interactions thus occur between individual pairs of organisms, and the relative impact can be determined by contextual cues. Host responses to heterotypic communities and impact on host surfaces are also driven by the collective action of the community. Additionally, the range of interspecies interactions can be extended by bacteria utilizing host cells or host diet to indirectly or directly influence the properties of other organisms and the community microenvironment. In contexts where communities transition to a dysbiotic state, their quasi-organismal nature imparts adaptability to nutritional availability and facilitates resistance to immune effectors and, moreover, exploits inflammatory and acidic microenvironments for their persistence.
Full-length genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain SDTA13-2020
Authors: Zhao Wenying , Yao Yali , Zhang Yunjing , Huang Baicheng , Tian Kegong 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain SDTA13-2020, isolated from a suckling piglet with watery diarrhea in Shandong, China. The isolate is genetically close to other recent Chinese G2 genotype PEDVs and distinct from the classical PEDVs.
Complete genome sequence of
Shigella flexneri
strain P099 from the gum of an adult rhesus monkey,
Macaca mulatta
, with gingivitis
Authors: Kim Sung Guk , Summage-West Christine V. , Reyna Mariela , Sopovski Danielle , Sims Lillie M. , Foley Steven L. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Shigella flexneri
was associated with gingivitis, a periodontal disease, in the rhesus monkey. We report the circularized 4.8-Mbp complete genome of
Shigella flexneri
strain P099 isolated from the gum of an adult rhesus monkey,
Macaca mulatta
, with clinical symptoms of gingivitis.