Technologies and systems to support the management of natural and technogenic safety of territories
Authors: Ноженкова Л.Ф. , Ничепорчук В.В. 
Published: September 2023

Представлены результаты научных исследований по разработке технологий управления природно-техногенной безопасностью и созданию интеллектуальных информационно-управляющих систем для объектов и территорий, выполненных в Институте вычислительного моделирования СО РАН. Цель исследований — системное изучение процессов обеспечения безопасности населения и инфраструктуры, применение новых технологических подходов к комплексному решению задач оперативного и стратегического управления. Описаны методы интеграции экспертных, геоинформационных и вычислительных технологий, реализация современных подходов к интеллектуальной обработке больших данных комплексного мониторинга для снижения рисков и раннего предупреждения чрезвычайных ситуаций. На их основе разработаны технологии построения интегрированных информационно-управляющих систем, внедрение которых позволило комплексно решить ряд ключевых задач управления природно-техногенной безопасностью территорий
This paper presents the results of scientific research for the development of technologies and intelligent decision-making support systems for managing the natural and technogenic safety of objects and territories of Siberian regions performed at the Institute of Computational Modeling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research is a systematic study of the processes of ensuring the safety of the population and infrastructure, the application of new technological approaches to the integrated solutions for the tactic and strategic management problems. The results of the studies are described, starting from the creation of methods for integrating expert, geoinformation and computing technologies and ending with the implementation of modern approaches to the intelligent processing of large volumes of multidimensional data of comprehensive monitoring to reduce risks and early warning of emergencies. Multilevel structural and functional models of management in emergency situations of various types and scales have been developed. The fundamental result is the methods of representation and application of knowledge for the hybridization of information technologies. Based on them, technologies for building integrated information and control systems have been developed. The development of knowledge bases for the elimination of the consequences of chemical accidents, fires and flooding of territories and the protection of the population allows implementing a line of expert geoinformation systems — ESPLA. Based on the original model-based platform the system of distributed collection of monitoring and statistical data has been created that uses control models for the dynamic generation of interfaces. The system-integrator for emergency monitoring and forecasting centers has been developed, in which for the first time the OLAP technology was applied for instrumental monitoring data processing. The introduction of the developed methods, technologies and created information and control systems in the EMERCOM of Russia made allows solving a set of major tasks of managing the natural and technogenic safety of territories. These include monitoring and early identification of dangers and threats; support for emergency response, daily safety management at the level of regions, municipalities and industrial facilities along with risk assessment and planning of preventive measures