bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hafted technologies likely reduced stone tool-related selective pressures acting on the hominin hand
Authors: Mika Anna , Lierenz Julie , Smith Andrew , Buchanan Briggs , Walker Robert S. , Eren Metin I. , Bebber Michelle R. , Key Alastair 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe evolution of the hominin hand has been widely linked to the use and production of flaked stone tool technologies. After the earliest handheld flake tools emerged, shifts in hominin hand anatomy allowing for greater force during precision gripping and ease when manipulating objects in-hand are observed in the fossil record. Previous research has demonstrated how biometric traits, such as hand and digit lengths and precision grip strength, impact functional performance and ergonomic relationships when using flake and core technologies. These studies are consistent with the idea that evolutionary selective pressures would have favoured individuals better able to efficiently and effectively produce and use flaked stone tools. After the advent of composite technologies during the Middle Stone Age and Middle Palaeolithic, fossil evidence reveals differences in hand anatomy between populations, but there is minimal evidence for an increase in precision gripping capabilities. Furthermore, there is little research investigating the selective pressures, if any, impacting manual anatomy after the introduction of hafted composite stone technologies (‘handles’). Here we investigated the possible influence of tool-user biometric variation on the functional performance of 420 hafted Clovis knife replicas. Our results suggest there to be no statistical relationships between biometric variables and cutting performance. Therefore, we argue that the advent of hafted stone technologies may have acted as a ‘performance equaliser’ within populations and removed (or reduced) selective pressures favouring forceful precision gripping capabilities, which in turn could have increased the relative importance of cultural evolutionary selective pressures in the determination of a stone tool’s performance.
Associations between pre-pandemic authoritative parenting, pandemic stressors, and children’s depression and anxiety at the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Heaton Karina G. , Camacho Nicolas L. , Gaffrey Michael S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarge-scale changes due to the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic negatively affected children’s mental health. Prior research suggests that children’s mental health problems during the pandemic may have been concurrently attenuated by an authoritative parenting style and exacerbated by family stress. However, there is a gap in the literature investigating these mechanisms and whether pre-pandemic authoritative parenting had a lasting positive influence on children’s mental health while they were exposed to pandemic-related family stressors. The current study begins to fill this gap by investigating these unique relationships in a sample of 106 4–8 year old children (51% female). Before the pandemic, caregivers completed questionnaires on their parenting style and their children’s depression and anxiety symptoms. Shortly after the onset of COVID-19’s stay-at-home mandate, parents answered questionnaires about their children’s depression and anxiety symptoms and pandemic-related family stressors. Child depression and anxiety symptom severity increased. Higher levels of pandemic-related family stress were associated with increases only in child anxiety scores. Further, greater endorsement of a pre-pandemic authoritative parenting style was associated with smaller changes only in child depression scores. Study findings elucidate unique and complex associations between young children’s anxiety and depression symptoms severity and pre-pandemic parenting and pandemic-related family stressors.
Assessment of rehabilitation effects in children with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Wolan-Nieroda Andżelina , Wojnarska Anna , Mańko Grzegorz , Kiper Aleksandra , Guzik Agnieszka , Maciejczak Andrzej 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch on effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes continues to investigate impact of therapeutic interventions on various motor parameters in children with intellectual disability (ID). This study compared the effectiveness of rehabilitation, reflected by physical fitness, static balance, and dynamic balance measurements, in children with mild ID. A total of 70 children with mild ID were enrolled for the study and were divided into two equal groups based on their body mass index (BMI) percentile, reflecting obesity or normal weight. Physical fitness was assessed using the Eurofit Special Test, whereas balance was evaluated with single-leg stance and timed up and go tests. The examinations were performed twice: At the beginning and at the end of a six-month therapy programme. Improvements were shown in the muscle strength of the upper limbs (p < 0.001) and lower limbs (p = 0.001), flexibility (p = 0.005), and static balance (p < 0.001) for the entire cohort. The effects of rehabilitation did not differ significantly between the children with obesity and those with a normal weight. These results may be important from the viewpoint of clinical practice and preventive measures, as they present evidence showing that rehabilitation is equally effective in both obese and normal weight children with mild ID. Therefore, these findings may be of assistance to those designing therapeutic programmes in special education centres.
Pro-ecological and conservation activities are not always beneficial to nature: a case study of two lowland streams in Central Europe
Authors: Golski Janusz , Andrzejewski Wojciech , Urbańska Maria , Runowski Sławomir , Dajewski Krzysztof , Hoffmann Lilianna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince 1990 and in particular, after the implementation of the Water Frame Directive, many positive effects of pro-ecological projects are evident; unfortunately, examples of adverse effects have also been observed. This study aims to indicate how some ill-considered actions, called “pro-ecological”, may lead to habitat degradation and the disappearance of valuable hydrobiont species. Two watercourses, representing the lowland gravel stream and sandy stream type, were selected for the study. Literature indicated that in the past, these watercourses were characterized by an excellent ecological status and the presence of valuable rheophilic fauna and flora. Environmental parameters were recorded, macroinvertebrates and ichthyofauna were sampled and analyzed, and finally, indexes were calculated. The results were compared with literature data. In the course of studies conducted in 2011–2015, drastic habitat deterioration and extensive changes in the species structure of ichthyofauna and aquatic invertebrates were observed. Changes in the Smolnica stream have been caused by the three retention basins constructed in 2000, along the lower and middle course; while in Kiszewko, however, the factor for habitat deterioration was connected with the excessive expansion of the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber), which created a beaver pond 20 m in width, with impoundment elevations of up to 2 m.
Shaping characteristics of excavation contours in sequential controlled fracture blasting of rock-anchored beams in Shuangjiangkou underground powerhouse
Authors: Chen Yanglong , Huang Junhong , Zhang Tengsheng , Wang Zixu , Li Xinping , Luo Yi , Liu Tingting 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInfluences of high in-situ stress generally need to be considered when excavating deep underground caverns. The dynamic fracture behaviors of rocks under blast loads were investigated by using the rock-anchored beam excavation in underground powerhouses of Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station in Sichuan Province, China as the engineering background. To solve the problems of the poor blasting breakage effect of rocks and the difficulty in protecting surrounding rocks during excavation, mechanical properties of granite under static and dynamic loads were investigated and the sequential controlled fracture blasting (SCFB) method was adopted during in-situ tests. Based on the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma constitutive model and the strength criterion, software LS-DYNA was employed to simulate the dynamic propagation of blasting-induced cracks. The contour shaping effect obtained via numerical simulation is generally consistent with the test results. The results show that SCFB can to some extent control the direction of crack initiation and rock fracture behavior of the blasthole wall cracks and the spacing of successive bursting holes is about 10 times the diameter of the blastholes when the cracks between the blastholes are shaped the best effect. Moreover, the magnitude and direction of principal in-situ stress can both affect the propagation path and length of blasting-induced cracks. The results of the research on the excavation and construction of deeply buried underground caverns have a certain reference value.
Strategical selection of maintenance type under different conditions
Authors: Hamasha Mohammad M. , Bani-Irshid Ala H. , Al Mashaqbeh Sahar , Shwaheen Ghada , Al Qadri Laith , Shbool Mohammad , Muathen Dania , Ababneh Mussab , Harfoush Shahed , Albedoor Qais , Al-Bashir Adnan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSelecting the appropriate maintenance type is a challenging task that involves multiple criteria working together. This decision has a significant impact on the organization and its overall market sustainability. The primary categorization of maintenance consists of two main types: corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance. All other classifications are encompassed within these two categories. For instance, preventive maintenance can be further classified as either predictive maintenance or periodic maintenance. Given the importance of this decision, this paper discusses the optimal maintenance type under different conditions. The scale of the business, the cost of machine failure, the effect of machine failure on the production schedule, the effect of machine failure on worker safety and the workplace environment, the availability of spare parts, the lifespan of the machine, and the manufacturing process are some of the factors that are covered in this paper. This paper primarily aims to present a comprehensive literature review concerning the strategic decision-making process for selecting the appropriate maintenance type under varying conditions. Additionally, the paper incorporates various models and visual aids within its content to facilitate and guide the decision-making procedure. Corrective maintenance is usually necessary in the case of small companies, significant impact on business or production plans due to failures, potential risks to public safety, ready availability of spare parts, and when production processes are not interdependent. If these parameters are not met, preventive maintenance can be a better option. Since these circumstances frequently do not occur simultaneously, it is imperative for the business to give them significant consideration.
Structural and functional differences in auto-antibody positive compared to auto-antibody negative hypothyroid patients with chronic thyroiditis
Authors: Iwamoto Yuichiro , Kimura Tomohiko , Itoh Takashi , Mori Shigehito , Sasaki Taku , Sugisaki Toshitomo , Nakao Erina , Ohnishi Mana , Kusano Takashi , Takenouchi Haruka , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Katakura Yukino , Tatsumi Fuminori , Shimoda Masashi , Nakanishi Shuhei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost primary hypothyroidism in adults is caused by chronic thyroiditis. Autoantibodies such as anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic thyroiditis. On the other hand, the clinical features of antibody-negative hypothyroidism are not clear. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid-related autoantibodies in patients with primary hypothyroidism and to evaluate the differences in thyroid structure between antibody-positive and antibody-negative hypothyroidism. Among 804 patients who attended Kawasaki Medical School Hospital for thyroid hormone abnormalities or thyroid gland enlargement between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2021, 237 patients with primary hypothyroidism who underwent thyroid antibody measurement and thyroid ultrasound examination were included. Participants were divided into groups according to antibody positivity/negativity, and differences in antibody positivity and thyroid structure were evaluated. In this study, 34.6% of patients had antibody-negative hypothyroidism. The positive rate of each antibody was 62.0% for TgAb and 49.4% for TPOAb. The participants with antibody-positive hypothyroidism had significantly larger thyroid gland on thyroid ultrasound examination (p < 0.05). Thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly higher in participants with antibody-positive compared to antibody-negative hypothyroidism. The present study reveals a positive rate of thyroid-related autoantibodies in patients with hypothyroidism and the differences in thyroid structure between patients with and without antibodies. This study clearly show that the prevalence of antibody-negative chronic thyroiditis is quite high among hypothyroid patients, although this point needs confirmation by further investigations. The data in this study would be useful for the treatment of antibody-negative hypothyroid patients.
Clinical symbiosis of hybrid nanoparticles and induced magnetic field on heat and mass transfer in multiple stenosed artery with erratic thrombosis
Authors: Hussain Azad , Dar Muhammad Naveel Riaz , Cheema Warda Khalid , Han Yanshuo , Kanwal Rimsha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article scrutinizes blood circulation through an artery having magnetized hybrid nanoparticles (silver and gold) with multiple stenoses at the outer walls and erratic thrombus of different radii at the center. In the realm of biomedical innovation, magnetized hybrid nanoparticles emerge as a captivating frontier. These nanoparticles, amalgamating diverse materials, exhibit magnetic properties that engender novel prospects for targeted drug delivery, medical imaging enhancement, and therapeutic interventions. The study was carried out employing modern bio-fluid dynamics (BFD) software. In this iterative procedure, a second-order finite difference approach is used to solve the governing equations with 0.005 tolerance. The experiment is performed on a blood conduit with mild stenosis assumptions, and expressions of temperature, resistance impedance to flow, velocity, wall shear stress, and pressure gradient are generated by employing related boundary conditions. No one has ever attempted to acquire the remedial impact of an induced magnetic field and hybrid nanoparticles on the bloodstream in a tapering artery containing multiple stenoses on the outside walls and multi-thrombus at the center using 3-D bio-fluid simulation. Furthermore, the study's findings are unique, and these computational discoveries were not previously published by any researcher. The findings suggest that hybrid nanoparticles can be used as medication carriers to reduce the impact of thrombosis and stenosis-induced resistance to blood flow or coagulation-related factors.
Simultaneous DHA and organic selenium production by Schizochytrium sp.: a theoretical basis
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Liu Zikui , Xiao Gang , Shi Jiawei , Liu Baili , Xiao Ning , Sun Zhiliang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and selenium (Se) are nutrients that confer several health benefits to both humans and animals. Widespread use of DHA in milk powder and health products requires large-scale mass production via Schizochytrium sp., while Se intended for human consumption is produced as organic Se via yeast. However, producing these nutrients on an industrial scale is constrained by various factors. We found that supplementing Schizochytrium sp. with Na2SeO3 (0.5 mg/L) improves its biomass and DHA production and also provides organic Se. De novo assembled transcriptome and biochemical indicators showed that Na2SeO3 promotes forming acetyl coenzyme A and L-cysteine via the glycerol kinase and cysteine synthase pathways, promoting DHA synthesis through the polyketide synthase pathway. However, high doses of Na2SeO3 (5 mg/L) limited the biomass of Schizochytrium sp. and DHA content. This study provided a theoretical basis for the simultaneous production of organic Se and DHA via Schizochytrium sp.
Construction of a specialized integrated simulation platform for molecule screening based on scientific computing workflow engine
Authors: Gou Chengqiu , Li Jifeng , Li Yufeng , Liu Jian , Zhao Shicao , Xiao Yonghao , Duan Bowen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerical simulation is an efficient tool for evaluation and prediction of material properties and behavior in many industrial domains such as the development of novel materials and medicines. For numerical studies of complex processes or systems with high fidelity, various data processing tools, modeling and simulation programs are typically involved, desiring an integrated platform that can effectively manage the collaboration of such software resources and the execution of the underlying simulation workflow for efficiency purpose. Such a platform could be practically built with a scientific computing workflow engine that focuses on the automatic scheduling and execution of a batch of interrelated computing tasks. In this work, the main procedures on construction of a specialized integrated simulation platform for material research based on a general purpose scientific computing workflow engine named HSWAP is introduced in detail, and its application to molecule screening process of energetic materials is demonstrated. Due to the flexibility and the extensibility of the platform, the work could be handily extended to the screening of other materials such as protein to find optimized protein structures or high entropy alloys to find the best configuration of component contents, as well as other application scenarios such as geometry optimizations of complex structures.
Time-correlated electron and photon counting microscopy
Authors: Yanagimoto Sotatsu , Yamamoto Naoki , Yuge Tatsuro , Saito Hikaru , Akiba Keiichirou , Sannomiya Takumi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectron microscopy based on high-energy electrons allows nanoscopic analytical imaging taking advantage of secondarily generated particles. Especially for cathodoluminescence, the correlation between primary incident electrons and emitted photons includes information on the entire interaction process. However, electron-photon time correlation tracking the relaxation dynamics of luminescent materials has so far not been achieved. In this work, we propose time-correlated electron and photon counting microscopy, where coincidence events of primary electrons and generated photons are counted after interaction. The electron-photon time correlation enables extracting a unique lifetime of the emitter independent of the photon state, accounting for coherent and incoherent photon generation processes. We also introduce a correlation factor and discuss the correlation between electrons and generated coherent photons. Through momentum selection, we observe correlation changes indicating the presence of pair correlation originated from the electron-photon entanglement. The present work lays the foundation for developing next-generation electron microscopy based on quantum correlation.
Non-normal interactions create socio-economic bubbles
Authors: Sornette Didier , Lera Sandro Claudio , Lin Jianhong , Wu Ke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn social networks, bursts of activity often result from the imitative behavior between interacting agents. The Ising model, along with its variants in the social sciences, serves as a foundational framework to explain these phenomena through its critical properties. We propose an alternative generic mechanism for the emergence of collective exuberance within a broad class of agent-based models. We show that our model does not require the fine-tuning to a critical point, as is commonly done to explain bursts of activity using the Ising model and its variants. Instead, our approach hinges on the intrinsic non-symmetric and hierarchical organization of socio-economic networks. These non-normal networks exhibit transient and unsustainable surges in herd behavior across a wide range of control parameters even in the subcritical regime, thereby eliminating the need for the - arguably artificial - fine-tuning proximity to a critical point. To empirically validate our framework, we examine the behavior of meme stocks and establish a direct linkage between the size of financial bubbles and the degree of non-normality in the network, as quantified by the Kreiss constant. Our proposed mechanism presents an alternative that is more general than prevailing conceptions of instabilities in diverse social systems.
Myeloid cell-specific deletion of epidermal growth factor receptor aggravates acute cardiac injury
Authors: Okyere Ama D. , Nayak Tapas K. , Patwa Viren , Teplitsky David , McEachern Erin , Carter Rhonda L. , Xu Heli , Gao Erhe , Zhou Yan , Tilley Douglas G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Myeloid cells, including macrophages, play important roles as first responders to cardiac injury and stress. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as a mediator of macrophage responsiveness to select diseases, though its impact on cardiac function or remodeling following acute ischemic injury is unknown. We aimed to define the role of myeloid cell-specific EGFR in the regulation of cardiac function and remodeling following acute myocardial infarction (MI)-induced injury. Floxed EGFR mice were bred with homozygous LysM-Cre (LMC) transgenic mice to yield myeloid-specific EGFR knockout (mKO) mice. Via echocardiography, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, the impact of myeloid cell-specific EGFR deletion on cardiac structure and function was assessed at baseline and following injury. Compared with LMC controls, myeloid cell-specific EGFR deletion led to an increase in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy at baseline. Bulk RNASeq analysis of isolated cardiac Cd11b+ myeloid cells revealed substantial changes in mKO cell transcripts at baseline, particularly in relation to predicted decreases in neovascularization. In response to myocardial infarction, mKO mice experienced a hastened decline in cardiac function with isolated cardiac Cd11b+ myeloid cells expressing decreased levels of the pro-reparative mediators Vegfa and Il10, which coincided with enhanced cardiac hypertrophy and decreased capillary density. Overall, loss of EGFR qualitatively alters cardiac resident macrophages that promotes a low level of basal stress and a more rapid decrease in cardiac function along with worsened repair following acute ischemic injury.
Detecting covert channel attacks on cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Li Hongwei , Chasaki Danai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCyberattacks on cyber‐physical systems (CPS) have the potential to cause widespread disruption and affect the safety of millions of people. Machine learning can be an effective tool for detecting attacks on CPS, including the most stealthy types of attacks, known as covert channel attacks. In this study, the authors describe a novel hierarchical ensemble architecture for detecting covert channel attacks in CPS. Our proposed approach uses a combination of TCP payload entropy and network flows for feature engineering. Our approach achieves high detection performance, shortens the model training duration, and shows promise for effective detection of covert channel communications. This novel architecture closely mirrors the CPS attack stages in real‐life, providing flexibility and adaptability in detecting new types of attacks.