bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winery by-products as a feed source with functional properties: dose–response effect of grape pomace, grape seed meal, and grape seed extract on rumen microbial community and their fermentation activity in RUSITEC
Authors: Khiaosa-ard Ratchaneewan , Mahmood Mubarik , Mickdam Elsayed , Pacífico Cátia , Meixner Julia , Traintinger Laura-Sophie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Grape and winery by-products have nutritional values for cattle and also contain functional compounds like phenols, which not only bind to protein but can also directly affect microbiota and their function in the rumen. We characterized the nutritional and functional effects of grape seed meal and grape pomace as well as an effective dosage of grape phenols on ruminal microbiota and fermentation characteristics using a rumen simulation technique.

Results
Six diets (each n = 8) were compared including a control diet (CON, no by-product), a positive control diet (EXT, CON + 3.7% grape seed extract on a dry matter (DM) basis), two diets with grape seed meal at 5% (GS-low) and 10% (GS-high), and two diets with grape pomace: at 10% (GP-low) and 20% (GP-high), on a DM basis. The inclusion of the by-product supplied total phenols at 3.4%, 0.7%, 1.4%, 1.3%, and 2.7% of diet DM for EXT, GS-low, GS-high, GP-low, and GP-high, respectively. Diets were tested in four experimental runs. All treatments decreased ammonia concentrations and the disappearances of DM and OM (P < 0.05) compared to CON. EXT and GP-high lowered butyrate and odd- and branch-chain short-chain fatty acids while increased acetate compared to CON (P < 0.05). Treatments did not affect methane formation. EXT decreased the abundance of many bacterial genera including those belonging to the core microbiota. GP-high and EXT consistently decreased Olsenella and Anaerotipes while increased Ruminobacter abundances.

Conclusion
The data suggest that the inclusion of winery by-products or grape seed extract could be an option for reducing excessive ammonia production. Exposure to grape phenols at a high dosage in an extract form can alter the rumen microbial community. This, however, does not necessarily alter the effect of grape phenols on the microbial community function compared to feeding high levels of winery by-products. This suggests the dominant role of dosage over the form or source of the grape phenols in affecting ruminal microbial activity. In conclusion, supplementing grape phenols at about 3% of diet DM is an effective dosage tolerable to ruminal microbiota.
Savoring life during pandemic: an online intervention to promote well-being in emerging adults
Authors: Villani Daniela , Pancini Elisa , Pesce Francesca , Scuzzarella Lucia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Savoring, that is the ability to create and increase positive emotions, represents a promising approach to enhance subjective well-being (SWB) in emerging adults. This controlled study aims to investigate the preliminary effects of a self-help e-savoring intervention on increasing savoring beliefs and strategies and SWB in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Forty-nine emerging adult participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method. The experimental group (n = 23) completed six online exercises (two exercises per week for three weeks) while the control group (n = 26) did not receive the intervention. Both groups filled out online questionnaires before and after the intervention. User experience and perceived usefulness of the intervention were assessed for the experimental group.

Results
A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant increase for the experimental group in savoring beliefs (especially toward the present and the future) and in positive emotions compared to the control group. The perspicuity, attractiveness, and efficiency of the online platform were very positively evaluated, and most participants rated the intervention as useful.

Conclusions
The results of this preliminary study together with the high level of adherence and the appreciation for the intervention indicate the potential of promoting online savoring and positive emotions in emerging adults. Future research could evaluate its long-term effects and verify its results with other age groups.
Simultaneous exercise stress cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiopulmonary exercise testing to elucidate the Fick components of aerobic exercise capacity: a feasibility and reproducibility study and pilot study in hematologic cancer survivors
Authors: Canada Justin M. , McCarty John , Jordan Jennifer H. , Trankle Cory R. , DeCamp Kevin , West Josh D. , Reynolds Mary Ann , Myers Rachel , Sweat Katey , McGhee Virginia , Arena Ross , Abbate Antonio , Hundley W. Gregory 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients treated for hematologic malignancy often experience reduced exercise capacity and increased fatigue; however whether this reduction is related to cardiac dysfunction or impairment of skeletal muscle oxygen extraction during activity is unknown. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) coupled with stress cardiac magnetic resonance (ExeCMR), may provide a noninvasive method to identify the abnormalities of cardiac function or skeletal muscle oxygen extraction. This study was performed to determine the feasibility and reproducibility of a ExeCMR + CPET technique to measure the Fick components of peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and pilot its discriminatory potential in hematologic cancer patients experiencing fatigue.

Methods
We studied 16 individuals undergoing ExeCMR to determine exercise cardiac reserve with simultaneous measures of VO2. The arteriovenous oxygen content difference (a-vO2diff) was calculated as the quotient of VO2/cardiac index (CI). Repeatability in measurements of peak VO2, CI, and a-vO2diff was assessed in seven healthy controls. Finally, we measured the Fick determinants of peak VO2 in hematologic cancer survivors with fatigue (n = 6) and compared them to age/gender-matched healthy controls (n = 6).

Results
Study procedures were successfully completed without any adverse events in all subjects (N = 16, 100%). The protocol demonstrated good-excellent test-retest reproducibility for peak VO2 (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.992 [95%CI:0.955–0.999]; P < 0.001), peak CI (ICC = 0.970 [95%CI:0.838–0.995]; P < 0.001), and a-vO2diff (ICC = 0.953 [95%CI:0.744–0.992]; P < 0.001). Hematologic cancer survivors with fatigue demonstrated a significantly lower peak VO2 (17.1 [13.5–23.5] vs. 26.0 [19.7–29.5] mL·kg-1·min-1, P = 0.026) and lower peak CI (5.0 [4.7–6.3] vs. 7.4 [7.0-8.8] L·min-1/m2, P = 0.004) without a significant difference in a-vO2diff (14.4 [11.8–16.9] vs. 13.6 [10.9–15.4] mLO2/dL, P = 0.589).

Conclusions
Noninvasive measurement of peak VO2 Fick determinants is feasible and reliable with an ExeCMR + CPET protocol in those treated for a hematologic malignancy and may offer insight into the mechanisms of exercise intolerance in those experiencing fatigue.
Inequalities at birth: stable socioeconomic differences in birth outcomes in three British cohorts
Authors: Cozzani Marco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, I investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and children’s birth outcomes (birth weight) across three different birth cohorts. I also perform mediation analysis to assess the degree to which maternal smoking habits during pregnancy account for this relationship. I draw from three UK cohort studies: the 1958 National Child Developmental Study (NCDS); the 1970 British Cohort (B70); and the 2001 Millennium Cohort study (MCS). There are two main results. First, low-SES mothers are more likely to have children with poor birth outcomes and this association has remained persistent throughout the last 50 years. Second, smoking explains a large part of this association, but only in the two most recent cohorts.
A case of VEXAS syndrome presenting with unusual bone marrow granulomas: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Vu Khiem T. , Wolfe Rachel M. , Lambird Jonathan E. , Maracaja Danielle L. V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
VEXAS is a recently described inflammatory disease caused by mutations in the UBA1 gene. Symptoms are diverse and include fevers, cartilaginous inflammation, lung inflammation, vasculitis, neutrophilic dermatoses, and macrocytic anemia. Cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloid and erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow are a hallmark feature. Here we report the first case of VEXAS with non-caseating granulomas in the bone marrow.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old Asian male presented with fevers, erythema nodosum, inflammatory arthritis, and periorbital inflammation. Labs were significant for persistently elevated inflammatory markers and macrocytic anemia. Over the years his symptoms and inflammatory markers only improved with glucocorticoids and recurred when prednisone dose was lowered below 15–20 mg daily. He underwent bone marrow biopsy showing non-caseating granulomas and PET scan showing hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He was initially diagnosed with IgG4-related disease (treated with rituximab) and later sarcoidosis (treated with infliximab). After failing these agents, the possibility of VEXAS was considered and later confirmed by molecular testing.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of non-caseating granulomas in VEXAS, a cautionary reminder of its non-specificity since misinterpretation can lead to diagnostic delay. VEXAS should be in the differential in patients with symptoms of chronic inflammation responding positively to steroids (but not to B-cell depletion or TNF inhibition), which is in line with previous literature.
Unveiling the enigma: physicians' perceptions of functional neurological disorders in Egypt—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alamrawy Roa Gamal , Abdel Tawab Alshymaa Mohamed , Omran Hoda Aly Mohamed , Awad Ahmed K. , Rizk Marwa Abdelazim , Abdelrasoul Esraa Ahmed , Etman Amira , Ahmed Dina B. , Ali Essam G. , Ahmed Kamal Manar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn medical practice, it is common to see patients who present with physical symptoms for which no disease pathology can be found. The presence of neurological symptoms that are shown to be incompatible with neurological pathophysiology is classically known as “conversion disorder” or “Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder” (FND). While FND is common in Egypt as in the rest of the world, few scientific studies systematically evaluate the degree of knowledge, attitude, and care provided by health care professionals to FND patients. We aimed to assess Egyptian physicians’ perspectives on FND.ResultsA cross-sectional study has been conducted on 152 physicians dealing with FND practicing in Egypt from specialties of psychiatry, neurology, and other specialties. We found that for 45% of the participants, disordered functioning of the nervous system plus psychogenesis was the accepted etiology behind FND. Most participants were significantly not satisfied with their education about FND (p-value 0.01). Psychiatrists and neurologists significantly preferred to use the term “conversion disorder” while other specialties mainly used “psychic” and “Somatization/Somatoform Disorder” (p-value 0.001). Forty-four percent of the participants think they have a good knowledge of functional neurological disorders (FND), while the majority (86.8%) were worried about missing an organic disorder. Psychiatrists were the most confident in diagnosing FND and the most comfortable discussing it with patients (p-values 0.055 and 0.007, respectively).ConclusionHere we highlight the common theme of worry about FND patients prevailing among healthcare professionals who are mostly perplexed about the mechanisms behind FND, and how to communicate these symptoms to other professionals and patients themselves. Future directions need to be devoted to minimizing the gap between the research finding and the currently applied care. Better education and teaching about FND may improve patient care.
Polarization-based underwater geolocalization with deep learning
Authors: Bai Xiaoyang , Liang Zuodong , Zhu Zhongmin , Schwing Alexander , Forsyth David , Gruev Viktor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater is an essential component of the Earth’s climate, but monitoring its properties using autonomous underwater sampling robots remains a significant challenge due to lack of underwater geolocalization capabilities. Current methods for underwater geolocalization rely on tethered systems with limited coverage or daytime imagery data in clear waters, leaving much of the underwater environment unexplored. Geolocalization in turbid waters or at night has been considered unfeasible due to absence of identifiable landmarks. In this paper, we present a novel method for underwater geolocalization using deep neural networks trained on $$\sim$$
∼
10 million polarization-sensitive images acquired globally, along with camera position sensor data. Our approach achieves longitudinal accuracy of $$\sim$$
∼
55 km ($$\sim$$
∼
1000 km) during daytime (nighttime) at depths up to $$\sim$$
∼
8 m, regardless of water turbidity. In clear waters, the transfer learning longitudinal accuracy is $$\sim$$
∼
255 km at 50 m depth. By leveraging optical data in conjunction with camera position information, our novel method facilitates underwater geolocalization and offers a valuable tool for untethered underwater navigation.
Negative symptoms in the clinic: we treat what we can describe
Authors: Kirkpatrick Brian , Luther Lauren , Strauss Gregory P. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryRecent research has led to important changes in the concepts and assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We review current negative symptom concepts and their clinical implications, as well as new methods of assessing these symptoms. These changes hold promise for improving our understanding and treatment of negative symptoms.
LKB1 signaling is altered in skeletal muscle of a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model
Authors: Boccanegra Brigida , Mantuano Paola , Conte Elena , Cerchiara Alessandro Giovanni , Tulimiero Lisamaura , Quarta Raffaella , Caputo Erika , Sanarica Francesca , Forino Monica , Spadotto Valeria , Cappellari Ornella , Fossati Gianluca , Steinkühler Christian , De Luca Annamaria 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The potential role of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) in the altered activation of the master metabolic and epigenetic regulator adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy has not been investigated so far. Hence, we analyzed both gene and protein levels of LKB1 and its related targets in gastrocnemius muscles of adult C57BL/10 mdx mice and D2 mdx mice, a model with a more severe dystrophic phenotype, as well as the sensitivity of the LKB1–AMPK pathway to AMPK activators, such as chronic exercise. Our data show, for the first time, a reduction in the levels of LKB1 and accessory proteins, MO25 and STRADα, in both mdx strains versus the respective wild type, which was further impaired by exercise, in parallel with a lack of further phosphorylation of AMPK. The AMPK-like kinase salt-inducible kinase (SIK) and class II histone deacetylases, along with expression of the HDAC target gene Mef2c, were also altered, supporting an impairment of LKB1-SIK-class II histone deacetylase signaling. Our results demonstrate that LKB1 may be involved in dystrophic progression, paving the way for future preclinical studies.
Human examination and artificial intelligence in cephalometric landmark detection—is AI ready to take over?
Authors: Indermun Suvarna , Shaik Shoayeb , Nyirenda Clement , Johannes Keith , Mulder Riaan 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To compare the precision of two cephalometric landmark identification methods, namely a computer-assisted human examination software and an artificial intelligence program, based on South African data. Methods: This retrospective quantitative cross-sectional analytical study utilized a data set consisting of 409 cephalograms obtained from a South African population. 19 landmarks were identified in each of the 409 cephalograms by the primary researcher using the two programs [(409 cephalograms x 19 landmarks) x 2 methods = 15,542 landmarks)]. Each landmark generated two coordinate values (x, y), making a total of 31,084 landmarks. Euclidean distances between corresponding pairs of observations was calculated. Precision was determined by using the standard deviation and standard error of the mean. Results: The primary researcher acted as the gold-standard and was calibrated prior to data collection. The inter- and intrareliability tests yielded acceptable results. Variations were present in several landmarks between the two approaches; however, they were statistically insignificant. The computer-assisted examination software was very sensitive to several variables. Several incidental findings were also discovered. Attempts were made to draw valid comparisons and conclusions. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the two programs regarding the precision of landmark detection. The present study provides a basis to: (1) support the use of automatic landmark detection to be within the range of computer-assisted examination software and (2) determine the learning data required to develop AI systems within an African context.
Age estimation based on 3D pulp segmentation of first molars from CBCT images using U-Net
Authors: Song Yangjing , Yang Huifang , Ge Zhipu , Du Han , Li Gang 
Published: July 2023

Objective:To train a U-Net model to segment the intact pulp cavity of first molars and establish a reliable mathematical model for age estimation.Methods:We trained a U-Net model by 20 sets of cone-beam CT images and this model was able to segment the intact pulp cavity of first molars. Utilizing this model, 239 maxillary first molars and 234 mandibular first molars from 142 males and 135 females aged 15–69 years old were segmented and the intact pulp cavity volumes were calculated, followed by logarithmic regression analysis to establish the mathematical model with age as the dependent variable and pulp cavity volume as the independent variable. Another 256 first molars were collected to estimate ages with the established model. Mean absolute error and root mean square error between the actual and the estimated ages were used to assess the precision and accuracy of the model.Results:The dice similarity coefficient of the U-Net model was 95.6%. The established age estimation model was Age=148.671-30.262×ln⁡V (V is the intact pulp cavity volume of the first molars). The coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error and root mean square error were 0.662, 6.72 years, and 8.26 years, respectively.Conclusion:The trained U-Net model can accurately segment pulp cavity of the first molars from three-dimensional cone-beam CT images. The segmented pulp cavity volumes could be used to estimate the human ages with reasonable precision and accuracy.
Prediction of self-efficacy in recognizing deepfakes based on personality traits
Authors: Abraham Juneman , Putra Heru Alamsyah , Prayoga Tommy , Warnars Harco Leslie Hendric Spits , Manurung Rudi Hartono , Nainggolan Togiaratua 
Published: July 2023

Background: While deepfake technology is still relatively new, concerns are increasing as they are getting harder to spot. The first question we need to ask is how good humans are at recognizing deepfakes - realistic-looking videos or images that show people doing or saying things that they never actually did or said generated by an artificial intelligence-based technology. Research has shown that an individual’s self-reported efficacy correlates with their ability to detect deepfakes. Previous studies suggest that one of the most fundamental predictors of self-efficacy are personality traits. In this study, we ask the question: how can people’s personality traits influence their efficacy in recognizing deepfakes? Methods: Predictive correlational design with a multiple linear regression data analysis technique was used in this study. The participants of this study were 200 Indonesian young adults. Results: The results showed that only traits of Honesty-humility and Agreeableness were able to predict the efficacy, in the negative and positive directions, respectively. Meanwhile, traits of Emotionality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness cannot predict it. Conclusion: Self-efficacy in spotting deepfakes can be predicted by certain personality traits.
Weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin and cetuximab (PCC) combination followed by nivolumab in platinum-sensitive recurrent and /or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: a retrospective analysis from two institutions in India
Authors: Chandrakanth M V , Agarwala Vivek , Mondal Pradip , Chanana Raajit , Parthasarathy K M , Dutta Sourav , Dhar Harsh , Mallick Suman , Das Sayan , Banerjee Devmalya , Faizan Md Arif , Basu Moinak , Kumar Subhabrata 
Published: July 2023

Background: First line (1L) TP-Ex-like regimen followed by 2nd-line (2L) immunotherapy represents one of the standards of care in platinum-sensitive recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (R/M SCCHN). We report our experience from 2 tertiary care institutions of India. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients of platinum-sensitive R/M SCCHN treated with 1L weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cetuximab (PCC) regimen followed by cetuximab maintenance (if non-progressive) or 2L nivolumab or oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT) on progression. Overall response rates (ORR), progression-free survival after 1L and 2L (PFS-1 & PFS-2), overall survival (OS), and safety were evaluated. Results: The study included 54 patients; median age 56.5 years; 89% men; 11% had cardiac dysfunction; 13% had renal dysfunction. After 1L PCC, ORR was 59.3%; median PFS-1 was 7.031 months; 61% had progression; 35% were treated with nivolumab and 18% with OMCT. The ORR was 26.3% (nivolumab) and 10% (OMCT). Median PFS-2 was 6.5 months (nivolumab) and 2 months (OMCT). The median OS was 15.01 months (entire cohort), 20.6 months (nivolumab), and 7 months (OMCT). Grade III/IV adverse events on PCC included neutropenia (31.4%), anaemia (35.1%), thrombocytopenia (7.4%), febrile neutropenia (11.1%), and skin reaction (16.6%); no Grade-III/IV treatment-related toxicities on 2L. Conclusions: 1L weekly PCC is an effective regimen for palliative therapy of platinum- sensitive R/MSCCHN with an acceptable toxicity profile. The addition of 2L nivolumab on progression further improves the outcomes.