bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced streamflow forecasting using hybrid modelling integrating glacio-hydrological outputs, deep learning and wavelet transformation
Authors: Ougahi Jamal Hassan , Rowan John S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding snow and ice melt dynamics is vital for flood risk assessment and effective water resource management in populated river basins sourced in inaccessible high-mountains. This study provides an AI-enabled hybrid approach integrating glacio-hydrological model outputs (GSM-SOCONT), with different machine learning and deep learning techniques framed as alternative ‘computational scenarios, leveraging both physical processes and data-driven insights for enhanced predictive capabilities. The standalone deep learning model (CNN-LSTM), relying solely on meteorological data, outperformed its counterpart machine learning and glacio-hydrological model equivalents. Hybrid models (CNN-LSTM1 to CNN-LSTM15) were trained using meteorological data augmented with glacio-hydrological model outputs representing ice and snow-melt contributions to streamflow. The hybrid model (CNN-LSTM14), using only glacier-derived features, performed best with high NSE (0.86), KGE (0.80), and R (0.93) values during calibration, and the highest NSE (0.83), KGE (0.88), R (0.91), and lowest RMSE (892) and MAE (544) during validation. Finally, a multi-scale analysis using different feature permutations was explored using wavelet transformation theory, integrating these into the final hybrid model (CNN-LSTM19), which significantly enhances predictive accuracy, particularly for high-flow events, as evidenced by improved NSE (from 0.83 to 0.97) and reduced RMSE (from 892 to 442) during validation. The comparative analysis illustrates how AI-enhanced hydrological models improve the accuracy of runoff forecasting and provide more reliable and actionable insights for managing water resources and mitigating flood risks - despite the paucity of direct measurements.
Study and optimization design of steam turbine generator suitable for small‐scale lead‐bismuth fast reactors
Authors: Cheng Peng , Zhang Hongen , Guo Wenfei , Wang Zhao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCompared with traditional reactors, lead‐bismuth fast reactors have broader development prospects. Based on the operating characteristics of these reactors, this article proposes a design scheme for steam turbine generators suitable for small‐scale lead‐bismuth fast reactors. To achieve the design requirements of high efficiency and high‐power density for steam turbine generators simultaneously, a multi‐objective optimization method based on a feedforward neural network surrogate model is proposed. First, the generator losses and power density are analyzed to obtain the structural parameters that affect the generator optimization objectives. The selected structural parameters are then subjected to sensitivity analysis and data sampling. Subsequently, a feedforward neural network model is used to replace the finite element model, and based on this, a multi‐objective genetic algorithm is employed to globally optimize the efficiency and power density of the generator. The final preferred scheme is obtained from the solved Pareto solution set. Meanwhile, the finite element method is used to verify and analyze the optimization results. The optimization results show that while ensuring the generator efficiency, the power density is further improved. Finally, the temperature rise of the generator is analyzed, and the results show that the temperature distribution of the generator is reasonable.
The magnetic field of the Radcliffe wave: Starlight polarization at the nearest approach to the Sun
Authors: Panopoulou G. V. , Zucker C. , Clemens D. , Pelgrims V. , Soler J. D. , Clark S. E. , Alves J. , Goodman A. , Becker Tjus J. 
Published: January 2025

Aims. We investigate the geometry of the magnetic field toward the Radcliffe wave, a coherent part of the nearby Local Arm of 3 kpc in length recently discovered via three-dimensional dust mapping.
Methods. We used archival stellar polarization in the optical and new measurements in the near-infrared to trace the magnetic field as projected on the plane of the sky. Our new observations cover the portion of the structure that is closest to the Sun, between Galactic longitudes of 122° and 188°.
Results. The polarization angles of stars immediately behind the Radcliffe wave appear to be aligned with the structure as projected on the plane of the sky. The observed magnetic field configuration is inclined with respect to the Galactic disk at an angle of 18°. This departure from a geometry parallel to the plane of the Galaxy is contrary to previous constraints from more distant stars and polarized dust emission. We confirm that the polarization angle of stars at larger distances shows a mean orientation parallel to the Galactic disk.
Conclusions. We discuss the implications of the observed morphology of the magnetic field for models of the large-scale Galactic magnetic field, as well as formation scenarios for the Radcliffe wave itself.
Elevating Clinical Informatics: Dynamic Resident Training to Enhance Subspecialty Appeal
Authors: Mrosak Justine , Jelinek Ryan , Pandita Deepti 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to bridge the educational gap in clinical informatics (CI) at the residency level and stimulate interest in CI as a rewarding career path.
Methods We developed an innovative CI and quality improvement (QI) resident rotation. This rotation replaced traditional QI blocks for Internal Medicine and several other residency programs, offering comprehensive exposure to core informatics and QI principles. The curriculum featured prerecorded didactics, hands-on projects, department meetings, and an optional EPIC SmartUser program. Resident participation and feedback were evaluated through postrotation surveys.
Results Since its inception on July 1, 2022, 57 residents have completed the rotation, with a majority rating their experience favorably. Residents also valued the educational course content and expressed an increased likelihood of integrating informatics into their future careers.
Conclusion The rotation has successfully integrated into existing multiple residency programs, demonstrating an effective model for delivering informatics education. Initial outcomes show enhanced resident engagement and competency in CI, promising a progressive impact on the future physician workforce. Continued expansion and evaluation of this rotation are expected to further encourage formal CI training and career interest.
Beschreibung der Charakteristika invasiv beatmeter pflegebedürftiger
Patient*innen in Bayern anhand der Nutzung von Routinedaten des MD
Bayern
Authors: Brandstetter Lilly Sophia , Schutzmeier Martha , Grau Anna , Ahnert Jutta , Klingshirn Hanna , Reuschenbach Bernd , Kippnich Maximilian , Skazel Tobias , Wurmb Thomas , Lehmann Katja , Heuschmann Peter U , Haas Kirsten 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Patient*innenzahl in invasiver häuslicher
Beatmungspflege (IV-HBP) in Deutschland nimmt stark zu. Derzeit gibt es nur
wenige Daten zu den Charakteristika dieser Patient*innen. Ziel der
vorliegenden Studie ist es, IV-HBP-Patient*innen aus Routinedaten des
Medizinischen Dienstes (MD) zu selektieren und deren Versorgungssituation zu
beschreiben.Die Routinedaten stammen aus Begutachtungen zur
Feststellung der Pflegebedürftigkeit des MD in Bayern (Jahre 2017–2020).
IV-HBP-Patient*innen wurden mittels spezifischer Filtervariablen aus den
Routinedaten selektiert und hinsichtlich soziodemografischer Merkmale,
Diagnose, Mobilität, therapeutischer Maßnahmen und Pflegegrad
analysiert.Der Datensatz umfasste 536 erwachsene
IV-HBP-Patient*innen (34,5% weiblich, Alter Median 68, IQR 58–75). 13,1%
lebten in Pflegeheimen (PH), 22,2 in häuslicher Pflege (HP) und 64,2% in
Wohngemeinschaften (WGs). Zwischen 2017 bis 2020 stieg der prozentuale
Anteil in WGs lebender Patient*innen kontinuierlich an. Die Wohnformen
unterschieden sich in der Häufigkeit von durchgeführter Physiotherapie (PH
91,4%; HP 76,5%; WGs 90,4%; p<0,001) und Ergotherapie (PH 47,1%, HP
58,8%, WGs 69,8%, p<0,001). 69,4% der IV-HBP-Patient*innen wurden in
Pflegegrad 4–5 eingestuft.IV-HBP-Patient*innen konnten aus den
MD-Routinedaten selektiert und genutzt werden, um deren Versorgungssituation
zu beschreiben. Um eine regelmäßige Beobachtung der Versorgungssituation zu
ermöglichen, wäre eine genauere Erfassung der IV-HBP in MD-Daten
wünschenswert.
Fragment-Based Drug Discovery of KIF11 Inhibitors for Glioblastoma
Treatment: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Naseer Qais Ahmad , Xuexian Cao , Yimai Deng , Khan Muhammad Ajmal , Chen Shengxia 
Published: January 2025

Graphical AbstractFragment based novel drug identification and its validation through use of
molecular dynamics and simulations.
Overview of selected completed prospective studies on PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Karimzadeh Amir , Lehnert Wencke , Koehler Daniel , Shenas Farzad , Kisters Anna , Apostolova Ivayla , Klutmann Susanne , Adam Gerhard , Sauer Markus 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTheranostics in nuclear oncology combines diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using radiotracers to target tumor cells. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a key target in metastatic prostate cancer, and the radioligand [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, which binds to PSMA, has shown promising results in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), leading to its approval by the European Medicines Agency in 2022.In this narrative review, the current evidence of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in mCRPC was discussed in the context of selected studies and the joint EANM/SNMMI guidelines for Lutetium-177-labeled PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy.The use of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 for post-chemotherapy mCRPC is supported by substantial evidence from the phase II TheraP and the phase III VISION trials, demonstrating its safety and efficacy. The theranostic approach identifies patients likely to benefit from [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, which is effective only in tumors with sufficient PSMA expression, as detected by PSMA-ligand PET/CT, which is also used for response assessment.The success of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in post-chemotherapy mCRPC patients has led to further ongoing studies evaluating its use earlier in the treatment sequence, prior to chemotherapy. To ensure beneficial treatment outcome, adequate patient selection and evaluation of imaging-based response through PSMA-ligand PET/CT is necessary.
Clinical Outcomes with High- versus Low-Dose Tranexamic Acid Infusion in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rangwala Hussain Sohail , Rangwala Burhanuddin Sohail , Alotaibi Moath , Siddiq Mohammad Arham , Qamber Amna , Zaidi Syeda Dua E. Zehra , Naveed Tooba , Naveed Hufsa , Azam Syed Talal , Hameed Ishaque 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objectives Antifibrinolytics, such as tranexamic acid (TXA), are widely used in cardiac surgery to reduce bleeding risks; however, the optimal dosage for TXA infusion remains a subject of debate. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-dose compared with low-dose TXA infusion in cardiac surgery patients.
Methods PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched until June 10, 2023, for studies assessing efficacy outcomes (e.g., blood loss, transfusions) and safety outcomes (e.g., mortality, complications).
Results Results were analyzed via random-effects model, using Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD). P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. We analyzed 17 studies involving 93,206 participants (mean age 59.3 years, study duration 3 months to 10 years). Our analysis found significant reductions in total blood loss (SMD, −0.17 g; CI, −0.34 to −0.01; p = 0.04), 24-hour blood loss (SMD, −0.23 g; p = 0.005), and the need for fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions (RR: 0.94; CI, 0.89 to 1.00; p = 0.05) with high-dose TXA. Chest tube output was also lower (SMD, −0.12 g; p = 0.0006), but postoperative seizures increased (RR: 2.23; CI, 1.70 to 2.93; p < 0.00001) with high-dose TXA. For other outcomes like blood transfusions, hospital/ICU stay, mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, renal dysfunction, and reoperation, no significant differences were found between high-dose and low-dose TXA regimens.
Conclusion Our study showed that high TXA dose effectively reduce postoperative bleeding, chest tube drainage, and the need for FFP transfusion, but it increases the risk of seizures. Increasing TXA dose did not affect thromboembolic events or mortality. This emphasizes the importance of weighing the benefits and risks when selecting the appropriate TXA regimen for each patient.
A new centrifugal hypergravity piston cylinder apparatus
Authors: Jia Muhua , Li Yinqi , Chen Yunmin , Yang Shufeng , Qiu Bingjing 
Published: January 2025

Hypergravity high-temperature and high-pressure experiments are a powerful tool for studying geological processes over long periods. A new centrifugal hypergravity piston cylinder apparatus has been developed for beam centrifuge. The unique design of this centrifugal hypergravity piston cylinder apparatus is that the hydraulic system and the press are relatively independent. A maximum pressure of 31 kbar was reached, based on pressure calibrations using the melting curve of NaCl and the phase transition of quartz to coesite. The temperature distribution within the cell assembly was investigated by two thermocouples over a temperature range of 500–1300 °C. The hypergravity experiments were successfully carried out up to 120 g over the pressure and temperature ranges of 5–30 kbar and 500–1300 °C, respectively. The centrifugal hypergravity piston cylinder technique has been successfully applied to measure the viscosity of silicate melt, and it also can be applied to reproduce the geological evolution of the deep Earth.
Final report of CCQM-K96.2023: assay of potassium dichromate
Authors: Jo K , Oh M , Aparicio J L O , Sánchez G R , Borges P P , Sobral S P , Wu B , Zhou T , Zhang J , Hibino Y , Máriássy M , Hanková Z 
Published: January 2025

Main text
The CCQM key comparison CCQM-K96.2023 is a repetition of the previous CCQM-K96 and CCQM-K96.1 key comparisons. This comparison was jointly organized by the CCQM Working Groups for Inorganic and Electrochemical Analysis (IAWG and EAWG) to evaluate the degree of equivalence of measuring the amount content of oxidants. The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) served as the coordinating laboratory, with six national metrology institutes participating in the comparison. All participants employed constant-current coulometric titration for their analyses. The results from four of the six institutes were consistent, while those from two deviated from the others. Several potential causes of bias in the measurement results were investigated; however, the reason for the deviation was not clearly identified. Nevertheless, most participants who performed well in the earlier comparisons (CCQM-K96 and CCQM-K96.1) again demonstrated good agreement in this comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Thorium ore dust research applicable to mineral sands industry workers
Authors: Hewson G S , Ralph M I , Cattani M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Historically, radiation exposure to mineral sands workers arose primarily from intake of thorium associated with monazite dust generated in mineral separation plants. Research investigations in the 1990s provided greater insight into the characteristics of inhaled thorium ore dust and bioassay studies inferred that some workers had accumulated significant lung burdens of thorium. Recent changes to biokinetic models have increased the radiation dose assessed to arise from thorium intake, raising questions on the appropriateness of current assumptions used in exposure assessment and feasibility of further bioassay research. Past radiation research undertaken in the Western Australian mineral sands industry is summarised and findings from contemporary research relevant to thorium ore dust exposure, thorium health effects and the associated assessment of internal radiation dose are reviewed and analysed. Radiation exposures in the industry have reduced substantially in the last two decades, however current workplace exposure measurement regimes may not reflect the actual intake of monazite-bearing dusts on an individual basis. Past research indicated that thorium associated with monazite dust is relatively insoluble and avidly retained in the lung. There is a paucity of published research on thorium retention and excretion by mine workers over the last 20 years, however significant advances have been made in the detection of thorium in biospecimens. Improvements in measurement technology should make periodic bioassay measurements feasible for selected long-term workers involved in the mining and processing of naturally occurring radioactive materials. Past worker dose estimates require re-evaluation following recent updates to biokinetic models and long-term follow up of the health of workers chronically exposed to thorium ore dusts is recommended.
Syn2Real: synthesis of CT image ring artifacts for deep learning-based correction
Authors: Hein Dennis , Holmin Staffan , Prochazka Vladimir , Yin Zhye , Danielsson Mats , Persson Mats , Wang Ge 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. We strive to overcome the challenges posed by ring artifacts in x-ray computed tomography (CT) by developing a novel approach for generating training data for deep learning-based methods. Training such networks require large, high quality, datasets that are often generated in the data domain, time-consuming and expensive. Our objective is to develop a technique for synthesizing realistic ring artifacts directly in the image domain, enabling scalable production of training data without relying on specific imaging system physics. Approach. We develop ‘Syn2Real,’ a computationally efficient pipeline that generates realistic ring artifacts directly in the image domain. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we train two versions of UNet, vanilla and a high capacity version with self-attention layers that we call UNetpp, with

ℓ
2

and perceptual losses, as well as a diffusion model, on energy-integrating CT images with and without these synthetic ring artifacts. Main Results. Despite being trained on conventional single-energy CT images, our models effectively correct ring artifacts across various monoenergetic images, at different energy levels and slice thicknesses, from a prototype photon-counting CT system. This generalizability validates the realism and versatility of our ring artifact generation process. Significance. Ring artifacts in x-ray CT pose a unique challenge to image quality and clinical utility. By focusing on data generation, our work provides a foundation for developing more robust and adaptable ring artifact correction methods for pre-clinical, clinical and other CT applications.
IPEM code of practice for proton therapy dosimetry based on the NPL primary standard proton calorimeter calibration service
Authors: Green Stuart , Lourenço Ana , Palmans Hugo , Lee Nigel , Amos Richard A , D'Souza Derek , Fiorini Francesca , Van den Heuvel Frank , Kacperek Andrzej , Mackay Ranald I , Pettingell John , Thomas Russell A S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Internationally, reference dosimetry for clinical proton beams largely follows the guidelines published by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA TRS-398 Rev. 1, 2024). This approach yields a relative standard uncertainty of 1.7% (k=1) on the absorbed dose to water determined under reference conditions. The new IPEM code of practice presented here, enables the relative standard uncertainty on the absorbed dose to water measured under reference conditions to be reduced to 1.0% (k=1). This improvement is based on the absorbed dose to water calibration service for proton beams provided by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), the UK’s primary standards laboratory. This significantly reduced uncertainty is achieved through the use of a primary standard level graphite calorimeter to derive absorbed dose to water directly in the clinical department’s beam. This eliminates the need for beam quality correction factors (k_(Q,Q_0 )) as required by the IAEA TRS-398 approach. The portable primary standard level graphite calorimeter, developed over a number of years at the NPL, is sufficiently robust to be useable in the proton beams of clinical facilities both in the UK and overseas.&#xD;The new code of practice involves performing reference dosimetry measurements directly traceable to the primary standard level graphite calorimeter in a clinical proton beam. Calibration of an ionisation chamber is performed in the centre of a standard test volume (STV) of dose, defined here to be a 10 x 10 x 10 cm volume in water, centred at a depth of 15 cm. Further STVs at reduced and increased depths are also utilised. The designated ionisation chambers are Roos-type plane-parallel chambers.&#xD;This article provides all the necessary background material, formalism, and specifications of reference conditions required to implement reference dosimetry according to this new code of practice. The Annexes provide a detailed review of ion recombination and how this should be assessed (Annex A1) and detailed work instructions for creating and delivering the standard test volumes (Annex A2).&#xD;