bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of soy protein isolate–xylose conjugates for improving the viability and stability of probiotics microencapsulated by spray drying
Authors: Du Tonghao , Liu Zhanggen , Guan Qianqian , Xiong Tao , Peng Fei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDProduction and consumption of probiotics need to meet many adverse stresses, which can reduce their health‐promoting effects on humans. Microencapsulation is an effective technique to improve the biological activity of probiotics and wall materials are also required during encapsulation. Application of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in probiotic delivery is increasing.RESULTSThis work aims to study the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI)–xylose conjugates heated at different times on the viability and stability of probiotics. SPI–xylose MRPs formed after heat treatment based on changes in the browning intensity, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After heat treatment, α‐helix and β‐sheet contents of SPI–xylose mixture shifted from 11.3% and 31.3% to 6.4–11.0% and 31.0–36.9%, respectively, and the thermal stability slightly changed. During spray drying, except for MRP240@LAB, probiotic viability was higher in the MRP‐based probiotic microcapsules (21.36–25.31%) than in Mix0@LAB (20.17%). MRP‐based probiotic microcapsules had smaller particle sizes (431.1–1243.0 nm vs. 7165.0 nm) and greater intestinal digestion tolerance than Mix0@LAB. Moreover, the MRP‐based probiotic microcapsules showed better storability than Mix0@LAB and adequate growth and metabolism capacity.CONCLUSIONSPI–xylose Maillard reaction products are a promising wall material for probiotics microencapsulation, which can improve bacterial survivability during spray drying and enhance bacterial gastrointestinal digestion resistance. This study sheds light on preparing probiotic microcapsules with superior properties by spray drying. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The technology of high‐power ultrasound and its effect on the color and aroma of rosé wines
Authors: Labrador Fernández Lara , Pérez‐Porras Paula , Díaz‐Maroto María Consuelo , Gómez‐Plaza Encarna , Pérez‐Coello María Soledad , Bautista‐Ortín Ana Belén 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe application of high‐power ultrasound (US) has been studied extensively to obtain value‐added red wines using short maceration times. It is a technique of wide interest for the extraction of aromatic compounds and compounds responsible for color, so it could also be an important tool to use in the elaboration process of rosé wines. Thus, this study focused on the effect of the application of US on the phenolic, aromatic, and sensorial profile of rosé wines. For this, three different types of rosé wine were produced: a control with direct pressing after crushing, another wine obtained from a 4 h macerated must, and a wine whose crushed and destemmed grape was sonicated and subsequently pressed.ResultsThe results showed a higher color intensity and a higher total polyphenol and anthocyanin content in the wine obtained from sonicated grape compared to both control wine and that obtained from grape macerated for 4 h. Ultrasound treatment enhanced the extraction of varietal volatile compounds in must, especially the free faction of terpenes and norisoprenoids. It also gave rise to wines with a higher concentration of C6 alcohols and other compounds such as guaiacol and 4‐vinylguaiacol, but led to fewer fatty acids, especially C6, C4 and C8 acids. Sensorially these wines showed intense aromas of red fruits and flowers, while no defects in aroma or astringency were found.ConclusionsThe color and sensory profile of the resulting wines indicate that the US may be an interesting tool for obtaining quality rosé wines, replacing the maceration stage and reducing potential oxidation problems. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Sustainable tourism development in a host community: The mediating role of community resilience in response to disasters and crises
Authors: Yang Eunjung , Kim Jinwon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiven the increasing risks from disasters and crises, prioritizing resilient and sustainable tourism development has become imperative. Using resilience theory, this research proposed an integrated tourism‐community resilience‐quality of life (QOL) framework, considering both the recurring major natural hazards and the COVID‐19 crisis in a host community. Based on the integrated framework, we tested the individual‐level relationships between tourism, community resilience, and QOL. We surveyed 339 residents in Florida, a state which faces high risks from natural hazards and infectious diseases. Findings showed that community resilience significantly mediated the relationship between tourism and QOL and demonstrated the different mediating roles of community resilience by the disaster and crisis. These findings can help community practitioners understand how community resilience functions in the positive and/or negative relationships between tourism and QOL during a disaster/crisis, eventually supporting resilient and sustainable tourism development.
Integrating ocean observations across body‐size classes to deliver benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution information
Authors: Ruhl Henry A. , Bett Brian J. , Ingels Jeroen , Martin Adrian , Gates Andrew R. , Yool Andrew , Benoist Noëlie M.A. , Appeltans Ward , Howell Kerry L. , Danovaro Roberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvertebrate animals living at the seafloor make up a prominent component of life globally, spanning 10 orders of magnitude in body size over 71% of Earth's surface. However, integrating information across sizes and sampling methodologies has limited our understanding of the influence of natural variation, climate change and human activity. Here, we outline maturing practices that can underpin both the feasibility and impact of establishing Benthic Invertebrate Abundance and Distribution as a Global Ocean Observing System—Essential Ocean Variable, including: (1) quantifying individual body size, (2) identifying the well‐quantified portions of sampled body‐size spectra, (3) taking advantage of (semi‐)automated information processing, (4) application of metadata standards such as Darwin Core, and (5) making data available through internationally recognized access points. These practices enable broader‐scale analysis supporting research and sustainable development, such as assessments of indicator taxa, biodiversity, biomass, and the modeling of carbon stocks and flows that are contiguous over time and space.
Sulfate enrichment in estuaries of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico: The potential effect of sulfide oxidation on carbonate chemistry under a changing climate
Authors: Yin Hang , Hu Xinping , Dias Larissa M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWater quality parameters from 2000 to 2020 were used to identify the spatial and temporal sulfate variations in estuaries of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Sulfate enrichment relative to conservative mixing was found to be associated with a low river discharge period from 2012 to 2014 in all estuaries. Based on reaction stoichiometry, sedimentary sulfide oxidation holds significant potential for reducing the alkalinity in estuarine waters. However, during this extreme drought, alkalinity enrichment was also occasionally observed in some of the southern estuaries along with sulfate enrichment, and when alkalinity depletion occurred, the magnitude of depletion was usually much less than what would be expected based on sulfide oxidation alone. This discrepancy can be partially explained by carbonate dissolution and other proton removal pathways (e.g., Fe‐oxide dissolution), and by the uncertainties in the model used to estimate alkalinity enrichment/depletion. Under a changing climate, the close coupling between river discharge variation and estuarine sulfate dynamics will significantly impact estuarine carbonate chemistry.
Unravelling the corrosion processes at steel/bentonite interfaces in in situ tests
Authors: Wersin Paul , Hadi Jebril , Kiczka Mirjam , Jenni Andreas , Grenèche Jean‐Marc , Diomidis Nikitas , Leupin Olivier X. , Svensson Daniel , Sellin Patrik , Reddy Bharti , Smart Nicholas , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicroscopic and spectroscopic analyses were conducted on steel/bentonite interface samples removed from four in situ experiments that were carried out in three underground research laboratories at different temperatures and under different hydraulic and geochemical conditions. The results provide valuable information about the corrosion processes occurring in high‐level radioactive waste repositories. Systematic patterns can be deduced from the results, irrespective of carbon steel grade, type of bentonite and its degree of compaction, geochemical environment or experimental setup. Thus, a clear dependence of the corrosion rates on temperature and exposure period, as well as on the availability of H2O and O2 provided by the surrounding bentonite buffer, is observed. Furthermore, Fe(II) ions released by corrosion interact with the structural Fe in the clay. Recent developments highlight the usefulness of reactive transport modelling in understanding the coupled corrosion and Fe–clay interaction processes.
Increasing purchase intention while limiting binge‐eating: The role of repeating the same flavor‐giving ingredient image on a front of package
Authors: Thomas Fanny , Capelli Sonia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFood managers face the dilemma of having to increase their product sales products without increasing risk for obesity. Here we posit that a strategy based on repeating front‐of‐package images of a flavor ingredient can help solve this dilemma. Prior literature reports positive benefits in terms of purchase from displaying one or more front‐of‐package flavor‐giving ingredient images but offers limited insights into the effect of repeating the same flavor‐giving ingredient image. Based on four experiments, we found a differential effect of flavor‐giving ingredient images repetition on consumption and purchase intention only when cognitive resources were available. The more flavor‐giving ingredient images, the lower product consumption (Study 1), but the easier mental flavor imagery, and the stronger purchase intention (Study 2). Specifically, the increase in flavor mental imagery produced by image repetition induces sensory‐specific satiety that drives more intention to purchase (Study 3). These findings are of interest for both reducing obesity due to overeating and designing front‐of‐package imagery.
Current‐reused CMOS 8:1 injection‐locked frequency divider employing two wide locking range subfrequency dividers
Authors: Jang Sheng–Lyang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConventional current‐reused 8:1 injection‐locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) either use a 2:1 p‐coreLCsub‐ILFD stacking on a direct‐injection 4:1 n‐coreLCsub‐ILFD or a 2:1 ring‐oscillatorLCsub‐ILFD stacking on a direct‐injection 4:1 n‐coreLCsub‐ILFD. Because the current‐mode 4:1 n‐coreLCsub‐ILFD normally has a smaller locking range, it restricts the locking range of a current‐reused 8:1 ILFD. This article studies a wide locking range 8:1 current‐reused ILFD designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The designed 8:1 ILFD uses a 4:1 ring‐oscillatorLCsub‐ILFD stacking on a direct‐injection 2:1 n‐coreLCsub‐ILFD. At the core power consumption 19.53 mW and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the 8:1 locking range is 1.11 GHz (65.37%), from the incident frequency 4.16–8.2 GHz.
Blickpunkt Anorganik: Anorganische Batteriematerialien
Authors: Pannwitz Andrea , Anjass Montaha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDie Energiewende und die Elektrifizierung des Autoverkehrs erfordern mehr Materialien für Akkus. Da der Lithiumbergbau Umweltschäden verursacht, sind Alternativen zu den gängigen Lithiumionenbatterien gesucht. Welche Batteriekonzepte gibt es bereits, und an welchen Materialien wird geforscht?
Endotoxinanalytik: Alternative zum Pfeilschwanzkrebs
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn der Diagnostik, beim Umweltmonitoring und bei der Überwachung von Wasser sind Endotoxine zu erfassen. Dafür werden nun Analysenverfahren entwickelt, bei denen mit bloßem Auge erkennbar ist, ob Proben diese Schadstoffe enthalten.
Bilanz Freudenberg 2022: Dichten, filtern und reinigen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDer Weinheimer Freudenberg‐Konzern bleibt ein Mischkonzern mit 457 Gesellschaften, aufgeteilt in elf Geschäftsgruppen. Im Jahr 2022 stiegen die Umsätze in allen Regionen und Geschäftsfeldern.
Bilanzen 2022: Zuwachs trotz Krisen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeutsche Chemieunternehmen haben im Jahr 2022 mehr Waren exportiert als importiert: Sie haben mehr eingeführt als im Jahr zuvor, insgesamt aber weniger produziert. Chemiehandelsunternehmen setzten mehr um. Die Zahl der Patentanmeldungen sank in allen Branchen, Frauen meldeten aber mehr an als zuvor.
A ⋆‐product solver with spectral accuracy for non‐autonomous ordinary differential equations
Authors: Pozza Stefano , Van Buggenhout Niel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA new method for solving non‐autonomous ordinary differential equations is proposed, the method achieves spectral accuracy. It is based on a new result which expresses the solution of such ODEs as an element in the so called ⋆‐algebra. This algebra is equipped with a product, the ⋆‐product, which is the integral over the usual product of two bivariate distributions. Expanding the bivariate distributions in bases of Legendre polynomials leads to a discretization of the ⋆‐product and this allows for the solution to be approximated by a vector that is obtained by solving a linear system of equations. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated with numerical experiments.
Numerical Analysis and Reduced‐Order Modeling of Plastic Profile Extrusion Processes
Authors: Hilger Daniel , Sasse Jana , Hopmann Christian , Behr Marek , Hosters Norbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present the data‐driven standardized non‐intrusive reduced‐order modeling strategy, sniROM, applied in context of plastics profile extrusion. After a brief introduction to the process and the governing physics, we give a short overview of the methodology. The ROM is then used to predict temperature distribution within a plastics profile inside the calibration/cooling unit of the extrusion process. The simulation based model predictions are compared with sensor data captured by an infrared camera. Finally, we give an outlook on how both ROM and measurement data can be used to enable a digital shadow of industrial processes.
Lyapunov stabilization of a nonlocal LWR traffic flow model
Authors: Friedrich Jan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing a nonlocal macroscopic LWR‐type traffic flow model, we present an approach to control the nonlocal velocity towards a given equilibrium velocity. Therefore, we present a Lyapunov function measuring the L2 distance between these velocities. We compute the explicit rate at which the system tends towards the stationary speed. The traffic is controlled by a leading vehicle. Numerical examples demonstrate the theoretical results and possible extensions of them.
Efficiency of local Vanka smoother geometric multigrid preconditioning for space‐time finite element methods to the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Anselmann Mathias , Bause Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerical simulation of incompressible viscous flow continues to remain a challenging task, in particular if three space dimensions are involved. Space‐time finite element methods feature the natural construction of higher order discretization schemes. They offer the potential to achieve accurate results on computationally feasible grids. Using a temporal test basis supported on the subintervals and linearizing the resulting algebraic problems by Newton's method yield linear systems of equations with block matrices built of (k + 1) × (k + 1) saddle point systems, where k denotes the polynomial order of the variational time discretization. We demonstrate numerically the efficiency of preconditioning GMRES iterations for solving these linear systems by a V‐cycle geometric multigrid approach based on a local Vanka smoother. The studies are done for the two‐ and three‐dimensional benchmark problem of flow around a cylinder. The robustness of the solver with respect to the piecewise polynomial orderkin time is analyzed and confirmed numerically.
Investigation of the influence of cooling lubricants on workpiece topography
Authors: Kästner Felix , de Payrebrune Kristin M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModel‐based prediction is becoming increasingly important to meet the ever‐increasing demands on manufacturing. In grinding, the prediction of the process forces and the generated surface by physical models are particularly important.Since cooling lubricants are almost always used on an industrial scale, the grinding model, developed at our institut, must be extended to include this component. Therefore, in order to implement cooling lubricants into the FEM‐based model, it is first necessary to investigate the behaviors and effects of cooling lubricants in real experiments. Various influencing factors such as the scratching speed of individual abrasive grains in interaction with cooling lubricants need to be investigated. However, the existing physical grinding model is not limited exclusively to the prediction of the resulting forces. It is also supposed to be able to qualitatively predict the expected resulting surface of the workpiece. Hence, this paper will focus on the topographic characteristics that can occur in the scratch test due to different cooling lubricants and scratching speeds.Based on real experiments on a test rig for such scratch tests, it has been shown that different scratch speeds have a negligible influence on the topographical nature and expression of a scratch. In contrast, however, there is a direct influence of cooling lubricants on the topographic properties. This effect is additionally influenced by the viscosity of the cooling lubricant used.
Sparse polynomial chaos expansion for nonlinear finite element simulations with random material properties
Authors: Voelsen Esther , Dannert Mona M. , Basmaji Ammar A. , Bensel Fynn , Nackenhorst Udo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis contribution deals with the uncertainty quantification for applied nonlinear structural engineering problems, including high stochastic dimensions. A finite element problem with different material models is investigated. The efficiency, accuracy and convergence of sparse PCE are studied numerically and compared with Monte‐Carlo Simulation (MCS) for non‐linear structural analysis including elasto‐plastic and damage models. In both models, the Young's modulus is considered as random fields discretised by Karhunen Loeve Expansion (KLE). In the provided studies, sparse PCE converges fast and is highly efficient for linear elastic and elasto‐plastic material models. However, sparse PCE loses its effectiveness and exhibits lower accuracy for the damage material model.
Challenges in two‐scale computational homogenization of mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Danesh Hooman , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThanks to the advancement of additive manufacturing technologies, mechanical metamaterials have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. With the employment of such technologies, materials with exceptional or tailored mechanical properties can be easily manufactured mainly by 3D printing of different microstructures rather than by changing the material composition. These lattice materials can provide remarkable material properties in spite of being significantly lighter than typical bulk materials. Due to the large number of degrees of freedom for engineering structures, single‐scale numerical simulation of such cellular materials is computationally demanding. Therefore, two‐scale computational homogenization approaches, such as FE2 and FE‐FFT, can perform a key role in the cost‐effective numerical modeling of metamaterials. Two‐scale computational homogenization methods rely on solving a boundary value problem (BVP) for each of the macroscopic and microscopic scales in a nested procedure. Although representative homogenization techniques have been widely used to study materials with heterogeneous microstructures, there still exist some challenges in their employment for lattice materials. This study addresses main challenges in two‐scale‐based computational homogenization methods for numerical modeling of mechanical metamaterials. High dependence of convergence rate and accuracy on phase contrast for fast Fourier transform (FFT) solvers and comparable macro and micro characteristic lengths in metamaterials (i.e. the applicability of the principle of scale separation) are some examples of such challenges.
Adaptive finite element simulations of laser‐heated material flow using a Boussinesq model
Authors: Endtmayer Bernhard , Demircan Ayhan , Perevoznik Dmitrii , Morgner Uwe , Beuchler Sven , Wick Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, we apply adaptive finite elements to the Boussinesq model. Adaptivity is achived with goal‐oriented error control and local mesh refinement. The principle goal is motivated from laser material processing and laser waveguide writing in which material starts to flow due to laser‐induced heat generation. Flow of the material is decribed by the Boussinseq equations. Our model is substantiated with some numerical tests in order to show the capacities of our adaptive numerical schemes.
Global Stability Analysis of the Interaction Between a Longitudinal Vortex and an Oblique Shock Wave
Authors: Werner Michael , Hein Stefan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, the interaction of a longitudinal vortex with an oblique shock was studied numerically. A global stability approach was used to investigate the onset of unsteadiness due to vortex breakdown. For this purpose, steady and unsteady laminar flow simulations were performed. A longitudinal vortex with an exponentially decaying tangential velocity profile, a so‐called Erlebacher vortex, was introduced into the flow field by a modification of the inflow boundary, while the oblique shock was created by a ramp in supersonic flow. Parametric studies concerning the influence of the axial velocity deficit and the tangential velocity component on the stability of the vortex were performed. Several amplified global eigenmodes could be identified and it could be shown that the frequencies predicted by the global stability analysis were in reasonable agreement with dominant frequencies observed in the unsteady simulations.
An isogeometric frictionless beam‐to‐beam contact formulation for hyperelastic Cosserat rods with unconstrained directors
Authors: Choi Myung-Jin , Klinkel Sven , Sauer Roger A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present an isogeometric finite element formulation of frictionless beam‐to‐beam contact, using a Cosserat beam formulation with unconstrained directors. The beam's cross‐sectional deformation can be efficiently represented by director vectors. For the first order beam kinematics, Poisson locking due to the inability to represent linear in‐plane strain field in the cross‐section is alleviated by an enhanced assumed strain (EAS) method [1]. We employ a Gauss point‐to‐surface contact formulation combined with an active set iteration and a penalty method. The beam's cross‐sectional boundary as well as the axis is parameterized by a NURBS (non‐uniform rational B‐spline) curve, so that the lateral boundary surface has at least C2‐continuity, which yields a continuous surface metric and curvature in the closest point projection [2]. Since we do not employ zero stress conditions, a three‐dimensional nonlinear constitutive law can be straightforwardly utilized. We present several numerical examples, where a compressible Neo‐Hookean material is particularly considered.