bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships between teachers’ emotional labor and display rules, trait emotions, exhaustion, and classroom emotional climate
Authors: Ma Pei , Zhang Lichang , Dong Hui , Yu Jian 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionEmotions are an integral part of education, and the way teachers manage their emotions is crucial to educational success. This study focuses on teachers’ emotional labor in secondary school classrooms and examined the relationships between emotional labor strategies and display rules, trait emotions, emotional exhaustion, and classroom emotional climate.MethodsIn the study, 496 secondary school teachers (386 female) aged 21–59 years (mean age = 37.61 ± 8.87 years) completed five self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed using structural equation model in AMOS.ResultsThe results showed that (1) display rules provide positive situations to deep acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions and mediate teachers’ positive emotions and strategies; (2) positive trait emotions increase the expression of naturally felt emotions and negative trait emotions increase surface acting; (3) surface acting results in emotional exhaustion and has an adverse impact on classroom emotional climate; and (4) deep acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions positively affect classroom emotional climate.DiscussionThese findings revealed that deep acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions are positively related to positive emotions and the classroom setting, whereas surface acting plays a negative role in the emotional states of individuals and the classroom. The study gives the centrality of teacher emotions in the teaching and learning process, clarifies some antecedents and consequences related to emotional labor strategies in a classroom setting, and provides some ideas to optimize educational outcomes. The five variables presented in the study are good examples that can contribute to protecting teachers’ wellbeing and improving the psychosociological environment.
Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in India and its association with various occupations: A LASI study
Authors: Bharati Bhavna , Sahu Kirti Sundar , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMore than two-thirds of deaths in developing countries are due to non-communicable diseases, and tobacco is a leading risk factor. There are numerous different socio-demographic factors that impact on the use of smokeless tobacco, of which occupation is one. The objectives of this study are to find out the overall prevalence of smokeless tobacco use (ever and current use), the pattern of association with various occupations and related variables (current and past workers), and the role of childhood adversity on initiation and use.MethodsThis study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) wave 1, a nationally representative cross-sectional study collected in 2017–18. Current and previous users of smokeless tobacco are taken into consideration as the target population. For the data analysis, survey-weighted tools have been applied for descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression model. The weighted data analysis has been done using R studio with R version 4.Results and discussionFrom the sample size of 65,561, 38% have used either smoking or smokeless tobacco. Among them, 40% use tobacco in smoke form, 51% use smokeless tobacco, and 9% take both. At the population level, 22.8 and 20.4% are previous and current users of smokeless tobacco, respectively. Type of occupation, type of employer, place of work, kind of business, and workload were found to be significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use. A deaddiction and tobacco quitting policy targeting rural male informal workers should be the focus of the Government.
Changes in vital signs, ventilation mode, and catecholamine use during intensive care aeromedical evacuation flights
Authors: Post Janina , Maeckelburg Marc Christoph , Jagel Vitali , Sammito Stefan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionEspecially after (natural) disasters, local health systems are also destroyed or their ability to work is massively restricted. The transport of injured patients is therefore often necessary for further care. Numerous nations keep fixed-wing aircraft with intensive-care capabilities available for secondary transport, but little data on the transport is available to date.MethodsAn analysis of all flights with the German Air Force's intensive care fixed-wing-aircraft carried out in the context of humanitarian aid missions since 2002 with a focus on intubated patients was done.ResultsA total of 38 patients were transported. Two patients had to be intubated on or during transport. There were significant changes in the necessary positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and the fraction of inspired oxygen. Circulatory parameters did not change.DiscussionOverall, there are no clinically relevant deteriorations due to secondary transport with corresponding air transfers. Due to the hypobaric hypoxic conditions on board of all aircrafts, intubation in clinically borderline patients should be performed electively on the ground before flight.
Solved and unsolved riddles about low-latitude daytime valley region plasma waves and 150-km echoes
Authors: Chau J. L. , Longley W. J. , Reyes P. M. , Pedatella N. M. , Otsuka Y. , Stolle C. , Liu H. , England S. L. , Vierinen J. P. , Milla M. A. , Hysell D. L. , Oppenheim M. M. , Patra A. , Lehmacher G. , Kudeki E. 
Published: February 2023

The Earth’s atmosphere near both the geographic and magnetic equators and at altitudes between 120 and 200 km is called the low-latitude valley region (LLVR) and is among the least understood regions of the ionosphere/thermosphere due to its complex interplay of neutral dynamics, electrodynamics, and photochemistry. Radar studies of the region have revealed puzzling daytime echoes scattered from between 130 and 170 km in altitude. The echoes are quasi-periodic and are observed in solar-zenith-angle dependent layers. Populations with two distinct types of spectral features are observed. A number of radars have shown scattering cross-sections with different seasonal and probing-frequency dependencies. The sources and configurations of the so-called 150-km echoes and the related irregularities have been long-standing riddles for which some solutions are finally starting to emerge as will be described in this review paper. Although the 150-km echoes were discovered in the early 1960s, their practical significance and implications were not broadly recognized until the early 1990s, and no compelling explanations of their generation mechanisms and observed features emerged until about a decade ago. Now, more rapid progress is being made thanks to a multi-disciplinary team effort described here and recent developments in kinetic simulations and theory: 18 of 27 riddles to be described in this paper stand solved (and a few more partially solved) at this point in time. The source of the irregularities is no longer a puzzle as compelling evidence has emerged from simulations and theory, presented since 2016 that they are being caused by photoelectrons driving an upper hybrid plasma instability process. Another resolved riddle concerns the persistent gaps observed between the 150-km scattering layers—we now understand that they are likely to be the result of enhanced thermal Landau damping of the upper hybrid instability process at upper hybrid frequencies matching the harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency. The remaining unsolved riddles, e.g., minute-scale variability, multi-frequency dependence, to name a few, are still being explored observationally and theoretically—they are most likely unidentified consequences of interplay between plasma physics, photochemistry, and lower atmospheric dynamic processes governing the LLVR.
Physically and Chemically Crosslinked, Tannic Acid Embedded Linear PEI-Based Hydrogels and Cryogels with Natural Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Sahiner Mehtap , Yilmaz Aynur Sanem , Demirci Sahin , Sahiner Nurettin 
Published: February 2023

Linear polyethyleneimine (L-PEI) was obtained from the acidic hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and employed in the synthesis of physically crosslinked L-PEI hydrogel, PC-L-PEIH, chemically crosslinked L-PEI hydrogel, CC-L-PEIH, and cryogels, CC-L-PEIC. The preparation of L-PEI-based hydrogel networks was carried out in two ways: 1) by cooling the L-PEI solution from 90 °C to room temperature, and 2) by crosslinking L-PEI chains with a crosslinker, glycerol diglycidyl ether = 20 °C for CC-L-PEIC. Furthermore, a polyphenolic compound, tannic acid (TA), with superior antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties as an active biomedical functional agent, was encapsulated during the synthesis process within L-PEI-based hydrogels and cryogels, at 10% and 25% (w/w) based on the L-PEI amount. A linear and higher TA release was observed from physically crosslinked PEI-based hydrogels containing 10% and 25% TA-containing PC-L-PEI/TAH within 6 h, with 9.5 ± 05 mg/g and 60.2 ± 3.8 mg/g cumulative released amounts, respectively. A higher antioxidant activity was observed for 25% TA containing PC-L-PEI/TAH with 53.6 ± 5.3 µg/mL total phenol content and 0.48 ± 0.01 µmole Trolox equivalent/g. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PC-L-PEIH and CC-L-PEIC networks against both E. coli (ATCC 8739) and Gram-positive B. subtilis (ATCC 6633) bacteria was determined at 5 mg/mL, whereas the MBC value of 10 mg/mL for CC-L-PEIH networks against the same bacteria was achieved.
A Turbulence Survey in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, during the Seasonal Destratification
Authors: Kokoszka Florian , Conversano Fabio , Iudicone Daniele , Ferron Bruno , Bouruet-Aubertot Pascale 
Published: February 2023

The seasonality of the vertical mixing at coastal sites is not well characterized yet. Here, a time series of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (ε) was obtained from weekly morning microstructure observations covering the destratification period (July 2015, February 2016) at a coastal site in the western Mediterranean Sea, influenced by freshwater runoffs. Estimated with bulk parameters from the public re-analyzed dataset ERA5, the Ekman layer, and the convective penetration depth scale with the mixed layer depth (MLD) with a good agreement. Below the MLD, peaks of ε are observed in the baroclinic layers that progressively overlap with the bottom layer, where repeated near-bottom turbidity peaks provide evidence of sediment resuspension, suggesting energetic processes within the bottom boundary layer. In the subsurface, moderate values (10−9 to 10−8 W kg−1) are observed, following a Burr type XII distribution. Significant correlation with ε at MLD is obtained with a model combining the effects of wind, wind–wave, and convection, highlighting a calm sea bias in our data, plus a sunrise bias when morning buoyancy fluxes are stabilizing. Another correlation, obtained from a pure-wind estimation 18 h before, suggests the role of wind in generating internal waves in the stratified layers, thus, impacting mixing intensity.
Effects of a Comprehensive Person-Centered Care Education Program for Nursing Students
Authors: Kim Myoungsuk 
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop and implement a comprehensive person-centered care (PCC) education program for nursing students and assess its effects on individualized care, empathy, communication competence, and clinical practice stress. Materials and Methods: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. Participants were 60 third-year nursing students undergoing clinical practicum in a nursing school. They were assigned either to the control group (29 students) or experimental group (31 students). The experimental group participated in a comprehensive PCC education program, while the control group did not. Four 65-min sessions were conducted over two weeks; each session comprised 5 min of introduction, 50 min of education, and 10 min of sharing of thoughts and training. Individualized care, empathy, communication competence, and clinical practice stress were measured. Data were collected immediately before the education program and two weeks after program completion. Results: After the education program, the experimental group showed significant improvements in individualized care, empathy, and communication competence and significantly reduced clinical practice stress compared to the control group. Conclusions: The comprehensive PCC education program is a potentially beneficial intervention for nursing students to help them practice person-centered care with confidence. Longitudinal randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate these findings.
Facilitators and barriers to atrial fibrillation screening in primary care: a qualitative descriptive study of GPs in primary care in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Callanan Aileen , Bayat Farshid , Quinlan Diarmuid , Kearney Patricia M , Buckley Claire M , Smith Susan M , Bradley Colin P 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is a major risk factor for stroke. AF is often asymptomatic, making it difficult to diagnose. Globally, stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Opportunistic AF screening has been recommended in clinical practice within the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and internationally, though the optimal mode and location remains under investigation. Currently, there is no formal AF screening programme. Primary care has been proposed as a suitable setting.AimTo identify the facilitators and barriers to AF screening in primary care from the perspective of GPs.Design & settingA qualitative descriptive study design was adopted. Fifty-four GPs were invited from 25 practices in the RoI to participate in individual interviews at their practices. Participants were from both rural and urban locations.MethodA topic guide was developed to guide the interview content towards identification of facilitators and barriers to AF screening. The interviews were conducted in person, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using framework analysis.ResultsEight GPs from five practices participated in an interview. Three GPs, two male and one female, were recruited from two rural practices and five GPs, two male and three female, were recruited from three urban practices. All eight GPs expressed a willingness to engage in AF screening. Time pressures and the need for additional staff to support were identified as barriers. Programme structure and patient awareness campaigns and education were identified as facilitators.ConclusionThe findings will help to anticipate barriers to AF screening and aid the development of clinical pathways for people with or at risk of AF. The results have been integrated into a pilot primary care-based screening programme for AF.
Growth of Ga2O3 film on ScAlMgO4 substrate by mist-chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Yamashita Syuhei , Moriya Ryo , Takane Hitoshi , Wada Yuuichi , Yamafuji Yuto , Kikawa Junjiroh , Matsukura Makoto , Kojima Takahiro , Shinohe Takashi , Kaneko Kentaro , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
ScAlMgO4 (SAM) substrates have a trigonal structure with high cleavability in the c-plane. Because this substrate can be easily cleaved, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) can be grown on the SAM substrate, and the difficulty in the heat dissipation of Ga2O3 may be solved. Therefore, in this study, we performed Ga2O3 growth on a SAM substrate using mist-chemical vapor deposition. When the growth temperature was varied at 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C, ε-Ga2O3(004) grew dominantly, and the crystallinity improved with increasing temperature. Moreover, the grown ε-Ga2O3 had orthorhombic structure and formed rotational domains. Furthermore, a phase transition to β-Ga2O3 was achieved by annealing the resulting ε-Ga2O3 on the SAM substrates. We also succeeded in separating the SAM substrates on which the Ga2O3 thin films were grown.
Pulse compression of guided wave by airborne ultrasound excitation for improving defect detection accuracy in concrete
Authors: Shimizu Kyosuke , Osumi Ayumu , Ito Youichi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Scanning airborne ultrasound source technique has been developed as a safe and simple non-contact non-destructive inspection method. This method enables non-contact excitation of guided waves by using high-intensity airborne ultrasound waves. However, the airborne ultrasound source that can generate high intensity airborne ultrasounds uses resonance drive, so the sound waves are emitted for a long time. As a result, the inspection results become complicated, and the inspection accuracy decreases. To solve this problem, we proposed a pulse compression using chirp signals of guided waves generated by airborne ultrasound. In this paper, we investigated the pulse compression of guided waves generated in mortar samples using an airborne ultrasound source driven by a chirp signal. As a result, it was confirmed that the visualization accuracy of defects was improved by pulse compression.
Simultaneous distance measurement and information transmission in mobile environment using digital acoustic communication
Authors: Wada Kohei , Ebihara Tadashi , Wakatsuki Naoto , Zempo Keiichi , Mizutani Koichi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of indoor acoustic positioning by measuring transmission distance and speed while simultaneously transmitting information using digital acoustic communication. The method we propose applies orthogonal signal division multiplexing, computes the channel impulse response in the delay-Doppler domain, and calculates the moving speed of the receiver and the time of flight to estimate the distance between the transmitter and receiver. Experiments confirm that the proposed method can estimate relative velocity and distance with errors of up to 6 mm s−1 and 34 mm, respectively, even when the signal power-to-noise power ratio drops to about 0 dB, while transmitting messages of up to 254 bits.
Internal pressure dependence on viscoelasticity of arterial wall by ultrasonic measurement
Authors: Suzuki Saki , Mori Shohei , Iwai-Takano Masumi , Arakawa Mototaka , Kanai Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Previously, we proposed an ultrasonic measurement method of arterial wall elasticity for the early detection of arteriosclerosis. Since vascular wall elasticity depends on blood pressure, in this study, the elasticity and viscosity were estimated using the hysteresis loop determined between the incremental strain in the wall and internal pressure by altering the internal pressure in the phantom and in vivo experiments. Consequently, both the estimated elasticity and viscosity increased with the internal pressure. Moreover, the slope of each hysteresis loop was larger than that of the approximated curve for the lowest blood pressures of the hysteresis loops with different internal pressures, as the blood pressure changed in the order of several hertz within a single heartbeat. Hence, we conclude that measuring both the blood pressure and the elastic and viscous moduli would be beneficial in comprehensively investigating more vessel wall properties that change with the progression of arteriosclerosis.
Growth of REBa2Cu3O
x
single-crystal whiskers utilizing the concept of high-entropy alloys
Authors: Suzuki Yasunori , Nagao Masanori , Maruyama Yuki , Watauchi Satoshi , Tanaka Isao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Single-crystal whiskers of REBa2Cu3O
x
(RE-123, RE: rare Earth element) cuprate superconductors were successfully grown using Te-doped precursors utilizing the concept of high-entropy-alloys at the RE site. The obtained whiskers were 0.5–1.0 mm in length with approximately 10 μm thickness. The width of the flat surface, which corresponds to the ab-plane, was 10–50 μm. The RE site of the grown whiskers could be easily substituted by large ionic radius RE elements (Gd, Dy and Ho). Substitution with small ionic radius RE elements (Tm, Yb and Lu) resulted in the opposite trend. The superconducting transition temperature and superconducting anisotropy of the grown RE-123 whiskers were 89–93 K and 6–10, respectively. The mixed entropy at the RE site in the RE-123 whiskers did not affect the superconducting transition temperature and superconducting anisotropy.
أثر استخدام أساليب التحفيز التربوي في القرآن الكريم في التحصيل الدراسي لدى طلبة كلية التربية
Authors: م.م وليد عبد الرحمن  
Published: February 2023

في ظل تراجع مستوى التعليم في أغلب البلدان العربية والأسلامية بصورة عامه وبلادنا بصورة خاصة الى مستويات يأسف لها كل ذي لب وغيره ، وفي ظل تزايد مستوى الأحباط لدى ابنائنا من المتعلمين وفي ظل تزايد حرصهم الشديد على أستعراض عضلاتهم في التشويش والعنف ونفورهم من الأنشطة المدرسية.يكون من الأجدى التفكير وبجدية في طرائق وبدائل لدفعهم دفعاً وتشويقهم للاقبال على دروسهم وبرامجهم الدراسية بجدية وحماس، يلعب التحفيز دوراً مهما وخطيراً في رفع مستوى أداء الفرد وانتاجيته في مختلف المجالات والانشطة التي يواجهها ولعل من أبرزها مجال التربية والتعليم ويهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على دراسة الفروق بين الطلبة في أختبار التحصيل الدراسي التي تعزى لأستخدام
أَثر مختارات من القصص القرآني في الأداء التعبيري لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط
Authors: م. م. رائد حميد هادي  
Published: February 2023

هدف البحث إلى تعرّف ( أثر مختارات من القصص القرآني في الأداء التعبيري لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط ) ، لذا افترض الباحث الفرضية الصفرية الآتية:
- لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0،05) بين متوسط درجات الطلاب الذين درسوا مادة التعبير باستعمال القصص القرآنية وبين متوسط درجات الطلاب الذين درسوا مادة التعبير بالطريقة التقليدية في الاختبارات البعدية المتسلسلة .
تكونت عينة البحث من (64) طالباً من طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط ، وقد اختيروا اختياراً قصدياً من متوسطة طارق بن زياد للبنين, التابعة لمديرية تربية / ديالى ، وقسمت هذه العينة عشوائياً على مجموعتين ، إحداهما تجريبية ضمت (32) طالباً، درسوا مادة التعبير باستعمال ( القصص القرآني )، وكانت من نصيب شعبة (ب) . وضمت المجموعة الضابطة (32) طالباً درسوا بالطريقة التقليدية ، وكانت من نصيب شعبة (أ) . ودرّس الباحث مجموعتي البحث بنفسه .
العمارة الإسلامية في العتبة العسكرية
Authors: م.د. زينب شاكر الواسطي  
Published: February 2023

تعد العمارة بشكل عام والعمارة الإسلامية بشكل خاص التجسيد المادي الأبرز للحضارة العربية الاسلامية , ونظرا لتعاظم الدور للمراقد الدينية باعتبارها الامتداد الطبيعي للمساجد .
فبدأت النهضة تعرف طريقها إلى عماره المراقد خلال العصرين الاموي والعباسي .
وبحثنا الحالي سلط الضوء على العناصر المعمارية لفنون العمارة الإسلامية والتي تم استخدامها في المرقدين المقدسين فأضافت قدسيه إسلاميه فبرز إبداع المعماري المسلم باستعمال الفنون والكتابات والزخارف النباتية ممزوجة بالأشكال الهندسية .