bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Rigidity by Flexibility: Unusual Design for Organic THz‐Device Materials
Authors: Kim Dong‐Joo , Yu In Cheol , Jazbinsek Mojca , Kim Chaeyoon , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Sang‐Wook , Kim Dongwook , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTerahertz (THz) waves interact with molecular phonon vibrations of organic matter. When designing organic THz‐device materials, conformational flexible groups (CFGs) are in most cases avoided. CFGs create many low‐energy conformers with high conformational entropy, which results in large and many phonon vibration modes that lead to undesired self‐absorption of THz waves. Here, nonpolar CFGs only having weak intermolecular interaction capability are unusually introduced into organic THz‐device materials, utilized for efficient THz wave generation. Newly designed THz‐source crystals possess nonpolar methylene (CH2)n units having high conformational flexibility. Compared to previously reported benchmark crystals without methylene CFGs, introducing methylene CFGs significantly reduces void volume in newly designed crystals. This leads to the suppression of molecular phonon vibrations below 2.0 THz (i.e., introducing flexibility results in local rigidity). At infrared pump wavelengths, new CFG‐contained crystals generate a strong THz electric field that is one order of magnitude stronger than that generated in inorganic ZnTe crystals. CFG‐contained crystals exhibit a flatter spectral shape of the generated THz wave than benchmark crystals without methylene CFGs. Therefore, the introduction of CFGs is a very intriguing design strategy for organic THz‐device materials to reduce the limitations caused by phonon vibrations.
Magnetic and Electric Properties and Their Regulation of the Intrinsic Half‐Metallic Multiferroic Monolayers AV2S4
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Lian‐Yan , Hu Lin‐Lin , Huang Cheng‐Cai , Li Deng‐Feng , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract2D half‐metallic multiferroic materials have attracted great interest due to their rich novel performances and wide application prospect in nanoelectronics and nanodevices. Three intrinsic half‐metallic multiferroic monolayers AV2S4 (A = Na, K, and Rb) are predicted based on the first‐principles calculations. From the calculations, their ground states are all ferromagnetic and are completely spin‐polarized at the Fermi level. Their total magnetic moments are always 3.00 μB per primitive cell, which origin mainly from V‐ions. The two‐center electronic structure t2g6↑t2g4↓eg1↑ of V‐ions is proposed from the perspective of the crystal field theory to explain successfully the calculated magnetic moments. Interestingly, the alkali‐metal ions are non‐magnetic, but they may cause important influence on the magnetic coupling between transition ions, and then the half‐metallicity of these monolayers. Their electric and magnetic properties may be tuned by their charge states and strains. Especially, their half‐metallic stability may be evidently improved by the tensile strains. The half‐metallic gaps of these monolayers may be increased by about 67.4%, 50.8%, and 32.4% for NaV2S4, KV2S4, and RbV2S4 by the tensile strain 2.0%, respectively.
Progress and Perspective of CRISPR‐Cas9 Technology in Translational Medicine
Authors: Zheng Ruixuan , Zhang Lexiang , Parvin Rokshana , Su Lihuang , Chi Junjie , Shi Keqing , Ye Fangfu , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTranslational medicine aims to improve human health by exploring potential treatment methods developed during basic scientific research and applying them to the treatment of patients in clinical settings. The advanced perceptions of gene functions have remarkably revolutionized clinical treatment strategies for target agents. However, the progress in gene editing therapy has been hindered due to the severe off‐target effects and limited editing sites. Fortunately, the development in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9) system has renewed hope for gene therapy field. The CRISPR‐Cas9 system can fulfill various simple or complex purposes, including gene knockout, knock‐in, activation, interference, base editing, and sequence detection. Accordingly, the CRISPR‐Cas9 system is adaptable to translational medicine, which calls for the alteration of genomic sequences. This review aims to present the latest CRISPR‐Cas9 technology achievements and prospect to translational medicine advances. The principle and characterization of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system are firstly introduced. The authors then focus on recent pre‐clinical and clinical research directions, including the construction of disease models, disease‐related gene screening and regulation, and disease treatment and diagnosis for multiple refractory diseases. Finally, some clinical challenges including off‐target effects, in vivo vectors, and ethical problems, and future perspective are also discussed.
Redox‐Responsive Dendrimer Nanogels Enable Ultrasound‐Enhanced Chemoimmunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Amplification and Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Zhang Guizhi , Zhan Mengsi , Zhang Changchang , Wang Zhiqiang , Sun Huxiao , Tao Yuchen , Shi Qiusheng , He Meijuan , Wang Han , Rodrigues João , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping a multifunctional nanoplatform to achieve efficient theranostics of tumors through multi‐pronged strategies remains to be challenging. Here, the design of the intelligent redox‐responsive generation 3 (G3) poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanogels (NGs) loaded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and chemotherapeutic drug toyocamycin (Au/Toy@G3 NGs) for ultrasound‐enhanced cancer theranostics is showcased. The constructed hybrid NGs with a size of 193 nm possess good colloidal stability under physiological conditions, and can be dissociated to release Au NPs and Toy in the reductive glutathione‐rich tumor microenvironment (TME). The released Toy can promote the apoptosis of cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress amplification and cause immunogenic cell death to maturate dendritic cells. The loaded Au NPs can induce the conversion of tumor‐associated macrophages from M2‐type to antitumor M1‐type to remodulate the immunosuppressive TME. Combined with antibody‐mediated immune checkpoint blockade, effective chemoimmunotherapy of a pancreatic tumor mouse model can be realized, and the chemoimmunotherapy effect can be further ultrasound enhanced due to the sonoporation‐improved tumor permeability of NGs. The developed Au/Toy@G3 NGs also enable Au‐mediated computed tomography imaging of tumors. The constructed responsive dendrimeric NGs tackle tumors through a multi‐pronged chemoimmunotherapy strategy targeting both cancer cells and immune cells, which hold a promising potential for clinical translations.
A General Strategy for Rapidly Optimizing Wearable Resistive Pressure Sensors
Authors: Wen Lei , Nie Meng , Fan Jinwen , Chen Pengfan , Li Bowei , Chen Shuning , Xiong Yuwei , Zhang Qian , Yin Kuibo , Sun Litao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to the complicated relationship between wearable electronics performance and various parameters, months even years are needed to obtain a desired sensor by random and time‐consuming trial‐and‐error methods. Herein, a general analytic model based on the micro‐element division and equivalent circuit is presented to guide a rapid optimizing strategy for wearable resistive pressure sensors, which is like the method always used in the traditional design of the metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor for integrated circuits. The quantitative relationship between the sensitivity and related parameters is declared in the presented model, and the optimized parameters are achieved to design a sensor. The demanded ultra‐highly sensitive pressure sensor is successfully designed and optimized in minutes based on the built model, and the fabricated sensor is applied in a voice real‐time recognition system to obtain 100% recognition accuracy. The on‐demand and agile development strategy paves a promising way to greatly accelerate the transition from random and time‐consuming to the controllable design of wearable electronics.
CMOS AlN and ScAlN Pyroelectric Detectors with Optical Enhancement for Detection of CO2 and CH4 Gases
Authors: Ng Doris Keh Ting , Xu Linfang , Fu Yuan Hsing , Chen Weiguo , Ho Chong Pei , Goh Jia Sheng , Chung Wing Wai , Jaafar Norhanani , Zhang Qingxin , Lee Lennon Yao Ting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGas sensors are useful for monitoring of greenhouse gases. As the move toward complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) compatible pyroelectric room temperature detectors is gaining traction due to its scalability to 8‐in./12‐in. wafer area and integrable with CMOS electronics, CMOS compatible aluminum nitride (AlN)‐ and scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN)‐based pyroelectric detectors are developed for sensing of CO2and CH4gases, which are two of the greenhouse gases that contribute significantly to global warming. Leveraging gas absorption at respective mid‐infrared (IR) wavelengths, CO2 and CH4 gases are detected at various concentrations with fast response time ≈1 s. A compound parabolic collector (CPC) is designed and integrated into the gas sensor to enhance the optical flux received by the detector, which demonstrates ≈10× signal improvement in its presence. Further factors such as the effect of sensing area reduction and response to random gas concentrations are also tested on AlN‐ and ScAlN‐based pyroelectric detectors respectively to observe the gas sensing behaviors of both detectors. The results obtained provide further understanding of the behavior of CMOS AlN‐ and ScAlN‐based pyroelectric detectors as IR gas sensors, which can potentially inspire new design and design selection for various gas sensing applications.
Roadmap for Competitive Production of Solid‐State Batteries: How to Convert a Promise into Reality
Authors: Pacios Roberto , Villaverde Aitor , Martínez‐Ibañez María , Casas‐Cabanas Montse , Aguesse Frederic , Kvasha Andriy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work describes the most logical approach to address the imminent scale up and mass industrial manufacturing of solid‐state batteries (SSBs) attending to material, product and production requirements. All the currently used technologies, starting from small lab scale and going to initial prototyping and industrial attempts, are evaluated against exclusion criteria focused on achieving a low‐cost, high throughput, reliable and easily scalable manufacturing process that is in addition environmentally friendly and minimizes risk related to human health and work safety. Batteries that rely on raw materials which are readily available and are ethically produced. Batteries that are manufactured using energy that leaves no carbon footprint and are efficiently reused and recycled, resulting in minimal impact on the earth’s resources and climate. Batteries that do not exist today but will certainly exist tomorrow. The resulting roadmap is used as the benchmark to compare the manufacturing strategies of the main industrial players attempting mass fabrication of SSBs in the next 5–10 years
Factors affecting recent food price inflation in the United States
Authors: Adjemian Michael K. , Arita Shawn , Meyer Seth , Salin Delmy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBeginning in mid‐2021, U.S. food prices surged at the fastest pace in decades, due to pandemic‐related supply chain and labor shortages, rising transportation costs and wages, food commodity and fertilizer shocks resulting from Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and perhaps demand‐side effects of recent monetary and fiscal stimulus. We decompose the path of domestic food prices into explanatory factors, grouped by supply or demand orientation. Our findings indicate that although supply‐side factors explain most of the observed price changes, the demand‐side factors we studied—particularly the money supply—have a stronger correlation with recent food price increases than they have, historically.
Early detection of the herbicidal effect of glyphosate and glufosinate by using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Nehurai Omer , Atsmon Guy , Kizel Fadi , Kamber Eran , Bar Noam , Eizenberg Hanan , Lati Ran Nisim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarly detection of non‐optimal weed control is now a priority to ensure herbicide efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for early detection of the effects of glyphosate and glufosinate on weeds. Specific features (bands and vegetation indices [VIs]) were extracted as indicators for glyphosate and glufosinate efficacy. Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) was used as the model weed and treated with glyphosate or glufosinate at the fourth‐leaf stage. Plants were imaged in the laboratory at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after treatment (HAT) with a 204‐wavelength (400–1000 nm) hyperspectral camera. The impact of the herbicide treatments on the spectral reflectance values was analyzed using the two‐sided Mann–Whitney U test, followed by classification with a machine learning (ML) model applied on the full spectrum and on 12 VIs. In addition, the contribution of the different wavelengths (features) to classification accuracy was assessed using a feature selection process. For glufosinate, 95% classification accuracy was observed as early as 6 HAT, with four features from the green region required. For glyphosate, four features from the red, red‐edge, and green regions were used to achieve 88% classification accuracy at 24 HAT. The accuracy of VIs‐based classification was generally lower than that of the full spectrum classification accuracy. Above 85% classification accuracy was achieved only at later imaging campaigns, starting at 48 HAT. This study thus demonstrates that non‐optimal application of glyphosate and glufosinate can indeed be detected using spectral imaging.
Flexible Förster resonance energy transfer‐assisted optical waveguide based on elastic mixed molecular crystals
Authors: Matsuo Takumi , Ikeda Koki , Hayashi Shotaro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlexible molecular crystal waveguides based on elastic molecular crystals (EMCs) are essential in flexible and compact optical materials. An increased loss coefficient α due to self‐absorption is often a problem in optical waveguides (OWGs) of fluorescent chemical materials waveguiding photons in active mode. Herein, the development of anthracene‐based elastic mixed molecular crystals (EMMCs) is reported for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)‐assisted OWG. To yield a FRET crystal system based on elastic molecular crystals, 1%–5% acceptor doping for fluorescent molecular crystals of 9,10‐dibromoanthracene 1 was successful by selecting the same regioisomer having electron‐withdrawing group, 9,10‐diformylanthracene 2, as a dopant. In addition to conversion to the mixed system, there is a difference in the elastic modulus and hardness in EMC C1 and EMMC C2@1. However, the elastic behaviour was also shown in a few percent doping of the acceptor. The α value of this EMMC, composed of 1 including 1% of 2 (0.0077 dB/μm), is much lower than that of EMC composed of 1 (0.1258 dB/μm) because of reducing self‐absorption in the FRET system. An efficient and flexible OWG was successfully developed by selecting an appropriate acceptor molecule and its low doping rate for mixed crystal construction. This method is a practical approach in various functional and flexible crystal systems.
A comparison of FELS and Tanner‐Whitehouse II skeletal ages in male youth soccer players from the Middle East
Authors: Lolli Lorenzo , Di Salvo Valter , Monaco Mauricio , Johnson Amanda , Gregson Warren 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess measurement agreement between FELS and Tanner‐Whitehouse (TW) II skeletal ages in male youth soccer players from the Middle East.MethodsWe examined agreement between FELS and TW‐II skeletal ages using data collected between‐ and within‐subjects (n = 1057 observations) for 409 male, full‐time, academy student‐athletes recruited as part of the Qatar Football Association national soccer development programme (chronological age range, 9.8 to 18 years; annual screening range, one to seven visits). The Bland–Altman method for repeated measurements estimated the limits of agreement describing the expected range of differences for 95% of pairs of future FELS and TW‐II skeletal ages determined on similar individuals from the reference population.ResultsThe mean difference for TW‐II versus FELS protocols was 0.02 years (95% confidence interval, −0.04 to 0.08 years) with lower and upper limits of agreement ranging from −1.39 years (95% confidence interval, −1.48 to −1.30 years) to 1.43 years (95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 1.52 years).ConclusionDifferences for 95% of pairs of future skeletal ages determined with FELS and TW‐II methods in this population could be as high as ~3 years for some people that suggested protocols may not be interchangeable in youth Middle Eastern athletes. Justification of skeletal age protocol selection rests on knowledge of measurement bias and variability of expected growth estimations for rationalized application to a population of interest.
Demographically‐adjusted normative data among Latinos for the version 3 of the Alzheimer's Disease Centers’ Neuropsychological Test Battery in the Uniform Data Set
Authors: Marquine María J. , Parks Adam , Perales‐Puchalt Jaime , González David A. , Rosado‐Bruno Mónica , North Rebecca , Pieper Carl , Werry Amy E. , Kiselica Andrew , Chapman Silvia , Dodge Hiroko , Gauthreaux Kathryn , Kukull Walter A. , Rascovsky Katya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe developed demographically‐adjusted normative data for Spanish‐ and English‐speaking Latinos on the Version 3.0 of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery (UDS3‐NB).METHODSHealthy Latino adults (N = 437) age 50–94 (191 Spanish‐ and 246 English‐speaking) enrolled in Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers completed the UDS3‐NB in their preferred language. Normative data were developed via multiple linear regression models on UDS3‐NB raw scores stratified by language group with terms for demographic characteristics (age, years of formal education, and sex).RESULTSYounger age and more years of education were associated with better performance on most tests in both language groups, with education being particularly influential on raw scores among Spanish‐speakers. Sex effects varied across tests and language groups.DISCUSSIONThese normative data are a crucial step toward improving diagnostic accuracy of the UDS3‐NB for neurocognitive disorders among Latinos in the United States and addressing disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Highlights
We developed normative data on the UDS3‐NB for Latinos in the US ages 50–94.
Younger age and more years of education were linked to better raw scores in several cognitive tests.
Education was particularly influential on raw scores among Spanish‐speakers.
Sex effects varied across tests and between English‐ and Spanish‐speaking Latinos.
These normative data might improve diagnostic accuracy of the UDS3‐NB among Latinos.
Can Gram staining be a guiding tool for optimizing initial antimicrobial agents in bacterial infections?
Authors: Yoshimura Jumpei , Ogura Hiroshi , Oda Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe emergence of multidrug‐resistant organisms poses a significant threat to global public health, making the optimization of antimicrobial use crucial. Antimicrobial therapy is often initiated in emergency rooms (ERs) and intensive care units (ICUs), where patients are at high risk of infection. Prompt antimicrobial selection is essential in these facilities, and point‐of‐care testing can guide the appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy. Gram staining, a quick and inexpensive method, was previously used for point‐of‐care testing by physicians in the 1980s but was discontinued in 1988 in the United States. However, in Japan, the clinical practice of Gram stain‐based antimicrobial therapy by physicians has continued in a limited number of hospitals. Several studies undertaken in Japan have shown that Gram staining carried out by trained physicians can reduce the overuse of broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agents in ERs and ICUs without worsening patients' outcomes. Gram stain‐based antimicrobial therapy reduced unnecessary use of carbapenems in the ER. Furthermore, Gram staining has been shown to significantly reduce the overuse of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials without worsening clinical cure and mortality for patients with ventilator‐associated pneumonia in the ICU. The classic technique of Gram staining has regained its usefulness through persistent clinical practice in Japan. It is hoped that Japanese researchers in this field will demonstrate to the world the efficacy of the classic technique of Gram staining in addressing this critical problem. Gram staining carried out by trained physicians could serve as a valuable means of optimizing antimicrobial treatment in ERs and ICUs.
Etiology and clinical characteristics of patients with severely impaired consciousness in prehospital settings: A retrospective study
Authors: Mizu Daisuke , Matsuoka Yoshinori , Nishida Haruka , Sakatani Tomoko , Teramoto Shoki , Ariyoshi Koichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the causes of patients with severely impaired consciousness and the clinical characteristics in prehospital settings that are useful for differential diagnosis, especially stroke.MethodsWe retrospectively examined patients aged ≥16 years with Japan Coma Scale III‐digit codes during paramedic contact and transported to our hospital between January 2018 and December 2018. Furthermore, we examined background and physical findings of patients at final diagnosis, and also examined factors associated with stroke.ResultsOverall, 227 patients were included in this study. One hundred and twelve patients (49.3%) were male, and the median age was 71 years (interquartile range, 50–83 years). Stroke was the most common cause (30%). Intoxication and psychiatric disorders were significantly more common in younger patients (p < 0.01). Systolic blood pressure was the highest in patients with stroke. Mortality was the highest in stroke (55.9%). Systolic blood pressure, airway compromise, and ocular abnormalities were factors associated with stroke, with odds ratios of 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.04), 6.88 (95% CI, 3.02–15.64), and 3.86 (95% CI, 1.61–9.27), respectively.ConclusionStroke was the most common cause of severely impaired consciousness. Age could be a useful indicator to consider intoxication and psychiatric disorders. Systolic blood pressure, airway compromise, and ocular abnormalities were factors associated with stroke in the prehospital setting.