bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antireflection of optical anisotropic dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Liao Yu-Hsuan , Hsu Wei-Lun , Yu Chen-Yi , Wang Chih-Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe propose a hetero-nano-fin structure to further improve the efficiency of Pancharatnam–Berry phase metasurfaces. Two hetero-nano-fin types, MgF2/GaN and MgF2/Nb2O5, were investigated. The overall polarization conversion efficiency (PCE) improved from 52.7 to 54% for the MgF2/GaN nano-fin compared with the bare GaN nano-fin. The overall PCE of the Nb2O5 nano-fin was 1.7 times higher than that of the GaN nano-fin. The overall PCE improved from 92.4% up to 96% after the application of MgF2 antireflection. Moreover, the antireflection improves efficiency by an average of 4.3% in wavelengths from 450 to 700 nm. Although the increment of energy seems minimal, antireflection is crucial for a metasurface, not only enhancing efficiency but also reducing background signal of a meta-device.
The impact of thrombocytopenia on variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Chongtu , Huang Songjiang , Liu Jiacheng , Wang Yingliang , Zhou Chen , Li Tongqiang , Wang Chaoyang , Ju Shuguang , Bai Yaowei , Yao Wei , Xiong Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThrombocytopenia is the most frequent haematologic disorder in patients with cirrhosis, and it is perceived as a contributory factor for bleeding events. Cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension (PHT) is often accompanied with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia when they treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). To address whether the risk of variceal hemorrhage after TIPS varies with different platelet count in patients with normal platelet count and thrombocytopenia, we conducted the retrospective controlled study to evaluate the association of platelet count with the risk of variceal bleeding after TIPS. 304 patients were selected to the study. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for potential selection bias. 63 patients from each group could be paired. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between platelet and variceal bleeding after TIPS. Platelet counts of two groups are 185.0 ± 98.7 × 109/L (normal platelet count) and 70.6 ± 39.3 × 109/L (thrombocytopenia) respectively. The bleeding rates of two groups in overall cohort are 10.9% (normal platelet count) and 12.9% (thrombocytopenia). After matched, the bleeding rates of two groups are 11.1% (normal platelet count) and 14.3% (thrombocytopenia) There was no statistically significant difference in bleeding rates between the two groups, either in the whole cohort (P = 0.671) or in the matched cohort (P = 0.593). Platelet count was not associated with bleeding events after TIPS (hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence interval: 0.986–1.005, P = 0.397 in normal platelet count and 95% confidence interval: 0.968–1.020, P = 0.648 in thrombocytopenia). Thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis was not associated with the risk of variceal bleeding episodes post-TIPS. Thrombocytopenia should not be viewed as an absolute contraindication for TIPS.
Stability analysis of soft–hard-interbedded anti-inclined rock slope
Authors: Guo Jian‑jun , Wu Zhen-wei , Liu Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe instability of rock slope is still a very frequent geological disaster, which seriously affects people's life and production activities. Previous studies have mainly focused on deformation mechanism, prediction, and control of hard rock with single lithology, while there are limited studies on the theoretic computational method of the stability for soft–hard interbedded anti-inclined rock strata. In this study, a geomechanical model for the toppling failure of soft–hard-interbedded anti-inclined rock slope is established. The modes of failure for soft and hard rock strata are analyzed, the computational formula of the downward thrust for each anti-inclined rock stratum is derived, and the stability safety factor of each rock stratum is defined. A theoretical computational method for determining the potentially most dangerous failure surface of soft–hard-interbedded anti-inclined rock slope is proposed. By comparing with the existing research results, the theoretical solving method proposed in this study can well solve the location of the potentially most dangerous failure surface of soft–hard-interbedded anti-inclined rock slope. The potentially most dangerous failure surface of this kind of slope is approximately planar, and the angle between it and the normal plane of the rock strata is an acute angle within 30°. It provides theoretical support for the stability analysis of this kind of slope.
Low-cost and prototype-friendly method for biocompatible encapsulation of implantable electronics with epoxy overmolding, hermetic feedthroughs and P3HT coating
Authors: Novák Marek , Rosina Jozef , Bendová Hana , Kejlová Kristina , Vlková Alena , Rucki Marian , Svobodová Lada , Gürlich Robert , Hajer Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe research of novel implantable medical devices is one of the most attractive, yet complex areas in the biomedical field. The design and development of sufficiently small devices working in an in vivo environment is challenging but successful encapsulation of such devices is even more so. Industry-standard methods using glass and titanium are too expensive and tedious, and epoxy or silicone encapsulation is prone to water ingress with cable feedthroughs being the most frequent point of failure. This paper describes a universal and straightforward method for reliable encapsulation of circuit boards that achieves ISO10993 compliance. A two-part PVDF mold was machined using a conventional 3-axis machining center. Then, the circuit board with a hermetic feedthrough was placed in the mold and epoxy resin was injected into the mold under pressure to fill the cavity. Finally, the biocompatibility was further enhanced with an inert P3HT polymer coating which can be easily formulated into an ink. The biocompatibility of the encapsulants was assessed according to ISO10993. The endurance of the presented solution compared to silicone potting and epoxy potting was assessed by submersion in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 37 °C. The proposed method showed superior results to PDMS and simple epoxy potting.
Brillouin–Raman micro-spectroscopy and machine learning techniques to classify osteoarthritic lesions in the human articular cartilage
Authors: Alunni Cardinali Martina , Govoni Marco , Tschon Matilde , Brogini Silvia , Vivarelli Leonardo , Morresi Assunta , Fioretto Daniele , Rocchi Martina , Stagni Cesare , Fini Milena , Dallari Dante 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, Brillouin and Raman micro-Spectroscopy (BRamS) and Machine Learning were used to set-up a new diagnostic tool for Osteoarthritis (OA), potentially extendible to other musculoskeletal diseases. OA is a degenerative pathology, causing the onset of chronic pain due to cartilage disruption. Despite this, it is often diagnosed late and the radiological assessment during the routine examination may fail to recognize the threshold beyond which pharmacological treatment is no longer sufficient and prosthetic replacement is required. Here, femoral head resections of OA-affected patients were analyzed by BRamS, looking for distinctive mechanical and chemical markers of the progressive degeneration degree, and the result was compared to standard assignment via histological staining. The procedure was optimized for diagnostic prediction by using a machine learning algorithm and reducing the time required for measurements, paving the way for possible future in vivo characterization of the articular surface through endoscopic probes during arthroscopy.
Generation of intense magnetic wakes by relativistic laser pulses in plasma
Authors: Lamač Marcel , Chaulagain Uddhab , Nejdl Jaroslav , Bulanov Sergey V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe emergence of petawatt lasers focused to relativistic intensities enables all-optical laboratory generation of intense magnetic fields in plasmas, which are of great interest due to their ubiquity in astrophysical phenomena. In this work, we study generation of spatially extended and long-lived intense magnetic fields. We show that such magnetic fields, scaling up to the gigagauss range, can be generated by interaction of petawatt laser pulses with relativistically underdense plasma. With three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations we investigate generation of magnetic fields with strengths up to $$10^{10}$$

10
10

G and perform a large multi-parametric study of magnetic field in dependence on dimensionless laser amplitude $$a_{0}$$

a
0

and normalized plasma density $$n_{e}/n_{c}$$

n
e

/

n
c

. The numerical results yield scaling laws that closely follow derived analytical result $$B \propto \sqrt{a_{0}n_{e}/n_{c}}$$

B
∝

a
0

n
e

/

n
c

, and further show a close match with previous experimental works. Furthermore, we show in three-dimensional geometry that the decay of the magnetic wake is governed by current filament bending instability, which develops similarly to von Kármán vortex street in its nonlinear stage.
Self reward design with fine-grained interpretability
Authors: Tjoa Erico , Guan Cuntai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe black-box nature of deep neural networks (DNN) has brought to attention the issues of transparency and fairness. Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL or DRL), which uses DNN to learn its policy, value functions etc, is thus also subject to similar concerns. This paper proposes a way to circumvent the issues through the bottom-up design of neural networks with detailed interpretability, where each neuron or layer has its own meaning and utility that corresponds to humanly understandable concept. The framework introduced in this paper is called the Self Reward Design (SRD), inspired by the Inverse Reward Design, and this interpretable design can (1) solve the problem by pure design (although imperfectly) and (2) be optimized like a standard DNN. With deliberate human designs, we show that some RL problems such as lavaland and MuJoCo can be solved using a model constructed with standard NN components with few parameters. Furthermore, with our fish sale auction example, we demonstrate how SRD is used to address situations that will not make sense if black-box models are used, where humanly-understandable semantic-based decision is required.
Impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID inpatient care in southern Spain
Authors: Gasch-Illescas Antonia , Calle-Serrano Marta , Vallejo-Vaz Antonio J. , Praena-Fernández Juan M. , Guerrero Jose A. , Calderón Enrique J. , Pollán Marina , Medrano Francisco J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe assessed the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID hospital admissions, non-COVID mortality, factors associated with non-COVID mortality, and changes in the profile of non-COVID patients admitted to hospital. We used the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set with diagnosis grouped according to the Diagnostic Related Groups. A total of 10,594 patients (3% COVID-19; 97% non-COVID) hospitalised during the first wave in 2020 (27-February/07-June) were compared with those hospitalised within the same dates of 2017–2019 (average annual admissions: 14,037). We found a decrease in non-COVID medical (22%) and surgical (33%) hospitalisations and a 25.7% increase in hospital mortality among non-COVID patients during the first pandemic wave compared to pre-pandemic years. During the officially declared sub-period of excess mortality in the area (17-March/20-April, in-hospital non-COVID mortality was even higher (58.7% higher than the pre-pandemic years). Non-COVID patients hospitalised during the first pandemic wave (compared to pre-pandemic years) were older, more frequently men, with longer hospital stay and increased disease severity. Hospitalisation during the first pandemic wave in 2020, compared to hospitalisation during the pre-pandemic years, was an independent risk factor for non-COVID mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07–1.57, p = 0.008), reflecting the negative impact of the pandemic on hospitalised patients.
Association of circadian rhythm with mild cognitive impairment among male pneumoconiosis workers in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Bixia , Liao Gengze , Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Chan Chi Kuen , Tai Lai-bun , Tsang Chun Yuk Jason , Leung Chi Chiu , Tse Lap Ah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWeakened circadian activity rhythms (CARs) were associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the general population. However, it remains unclear among pneumoconiosis patients. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. This cross-sectional study comprised 186 male pneumoconiosis patients (71.3 ± 7.8 years) and 208 healthy community men. Actigraphy was used to determine CARs parameters (percent rhythm, amplitude, MESOR, and acrophase). Values below the corresponding medians of the CARs parameters represented weakened CARs. The Cantonese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) was used to assess cognitive function, MCI, and the composite outcome of MCI plus cognitive impairment. Compared with the community referents, pneumoconiosis patients had worse cognition and dampened CARs. Compared with the community referents or pneumoconiosis patients with robust circadian rhythm, pneumoconiosis patients with weakened circadian rhythm were consistently associated with increased risk of MCI and the composite outcome. However, significant association was only observed between MESOR and the composite outcome (adjusted OR = 1.99, 95%: 1.04–3.81). A delayed phase of CARs was insignificantly associated with MCI and the composite outcome. Our findings showed that weakened CARs were associated with worse cognitive function among male pneumoconiosis workers. Intervention in improving CARs may mitigate cognitive deterioration in male pneumoconiosis workers.
A high-efficiency discretized immersed boundary method for moving boundaries in incompressible flows
Authors: Xu Dong , Liu Jianing , Wu Yunfeng , Ji Chunning 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) has an advantage in simulating fluid–structure interaction, owning to its simplicity, intuitiveness, and ease of handling complex object boundaries. The interpolation function plays a vital role in IBM and it is usually computationally intensive. For moving or deforming solids, the interpolation weights of all the immersed boundary points ought to be updated every time step, which takes quite a lot CPU time. Since the interpolation procedure within all uniform structured grids is highly repetitive and very similar, we propose a simple and generalized Discretized Immersed Boundary Method (DIBM), which significantly improves efficiency by discretizing the interpolation functions onto subgrid points within each control volume and reusing a predefined universal interpolation stencil. The accuracy and performance of DIBM are analyzed using both theoretical estimation and simulation tests. The results show speedup ratios of 30–40 or even higher using DIBM when compared with conventional IBM for typical moving boundary simulations like particle-laden flows, while the error is estimated to be under 1% and can be further decreased by using finer subgrid stencils. By balancing the performance and accuracy demands, DIBM provides an efficient alternative framework for handling moving boundaries in incompressible viscous flows.
Design development and optimisation of multifunctional Doxorubicin-loaded Indocynanine Green proniosomal gel derived niosomes for tumour management
Authors: Darson Jaison , Thirunellai Seshadri Radha , Katariya Kajal , Mohan Mothilal , Srinivas Kamath Manjunath , Etyala Meher Abhinav , Chandrasekaran Gopalakrishnan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study presents the design, development, and optimization of multifunctional Doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded Indocyanine Green (ICG) proniosomal gel-derived niosomes, using Design of Experiments (23 factorial model). Herein, the multifunctional proniosomal gel was prepared using the coacervation phase separation technique, which on hydration forms niosomes. The effect of formulation variables on various responses including Zeta potential, Vesicle size, entrapment efficiency of Dox, entrapment efficiency of ICG, Invitro drug release at 72nd hour, and NIR hyperthermia temperature were studied using statistical models. On the basis of the high desirability factor, optimized formulation variables were identified and validated with the experimental results. Further, the chemical nature, vesicle morphology, surface charge, and vesicle size of optimized proniosomal gel-derived niosomes were evaluated. In addition, the effect of free ICG and bound ICG on NIR hyperthermia efficiency has been investigated to demonstrate the heating rate and stability of ICG in the aqueous environment and increased temperature conditions. The drug release and kinetic studies revealed a controlled biphasic release profile with complex mechanisms of drug transport for optimized proniosomal gel-derived niosomes. The potential cytotoxic effect of the optimised formulation was also demonstrated invitro using HeLa cell lines.
Morphometric delineation of administrative boundaries and classification of threatened categories of small watersheds in transboundary rivers
Authors: Anshumali  , Pandey Rahul Kumar , Gupta Rahul Kumar , Kumar Sanchit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ecological conservation of large rivers is impossible unless immediate attention is given to protecting their small tributaries at local levels. The natural boundaries of large river basins are shrinking because their tributaries and streams of different orders are disappearing at an unprecedented rate. Delineation of the fixed administrative boundaries (AB) to protect the natural boundary of small rivers and their classification into appropriate threatened categories, the present study was carried out on the 54.08 km long Banki River in the Ganga River basin. The > 70% irreversible loss in the number of streams (Nu), length of streams (Lu), and drainage density (Dd) resulted in the conversion of the 6th order Banki into the 4th order river. The extreme morphometric changes result in the Banki watershed being under the “Critically Endangered” category. The drainage density ratio (DdR) and mean stream width (Msw) were used to determine the width of AB (WAB). The “River Red List Categories and Criteria” are being proposed to strengthen global initiatives at the local levels to protect and conserve inland water bodies and transboundary rivers.
Diagnosis and treatment of intractable idiopathic orofacial pain with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kasahara Satoshi , Takahashi Kaori , Matsudaira Ko , Sato Naoko , Fukuda Ken-ichi , Toyofuku Akira , Yoshikawa Tatsuya , Kato Yuichi , Niwa Shin-Ichi , Uchida Kanji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported to be associated with primary chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, migraine, and chronic low back pain. Although idiopathic orofacial pain (IOP) is classified as burning mouth syndrome or persistent idiopathic facial or dentoalveolar pain and as a primary chronic pain, the association between IOP and ADHD has not been investigated. This retrospective cohort study investigated the severity of ADHD symptoms measured using the ADHD scale and the effects of treatment using ADHD drugs and the dopamine system stabilizer aripiprazole. The participants were 25 consecutive patients with refractory IOP referred to a psychiatrist and diagnosed with coexisting ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. The ADHD scale scores were higher in patients with intractable IOP than those in the general population. Pharmacotherapy used in this study led to clinically significant improvements in pain, anxiety/depression, and pain catastrophizing. Intractable IOP and ADHD were shown to be associated. In the future, screening and pharmacotherapy for ADHD should be considered in the treatment of intractable IOP.
Experimental study of vibrations of cross-rod spatial structures
Authors: Khalmuradov Rustam , Khudoynazarov Khayrulla , Isabekov K 
Published: January 2023

This article explores a technique for studying the dynamic characteristics of cross-rod spatial structures (CRSS) using small-scale models, including the developed nodal connection of spatial frame rods protected by copyright. Using a nodal connection makes it possible to regulate the construction lifting of large-span structures and increases their strength and reliability. The developed nodal connection of the structure can be used for any spatial frames of buildings and structures and is especially effective for the frames erected in areas of high seismicity.
Choosing methods for excitation of free and forced vibrations is being investigated, equipment for recording and recording vibrations is selected, and a layout of vibration sensors and sources of excitation of free and forced vibrations is being developed. Natural vertical oscillations of the structure model were caused by removing it from the state of equilibrium by concentrated loads applied in the middle and a quarter of the span with their subsequent removal.
The test results and their analysis are analyzed. The experimental models' elements at all loading stages worked in the elastic stage. The tests showed that the structure has sufficient strength, stability, rigidity, and seismic resistance. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made for their use in calculating and designing CRSS for seismic regions.
Technical and technological ways to reduce soil compaction to preserve its fertility
Authors: Matmurodov Farkhod , Sobirov Bozorboy , Khakimov Jamshid , Rakhmatova Firuza 
Published: January 2023

Article village to the farm intended of lands productivity save important from the conditions one has been soil of compression ahead to get technician and technological ways to work on exiting dedicated. In this village economy technique and their aggregates by the soil, too much, except compression problems, was studied. Village economy of the car complex parameters and soil situation account received without, to the soil of movers pressure equations that determine the power were proposed.
This topic, according to different scientific and practical materials used, research static information system analysis to do and again work method with done increased.
Bench tests of friction drive of vertical spindle made of poly-V belts
Authors: Shoumarova M. , Abdillayev T. , Yusupov Sh.A. 
Published: January 2023

The article reports that to improve the functional characteristics of the friction drive of vertical spindles, it was proposed to replace its conventional V-belts with poly-V-belts. Therefore, rollers with changed parameters are installed on the spindles while maintaining the magnitude of the rolling radius of serial rollers.
To determine the functionality of the new drive, a stand with a single spindle drum was created, which allows you to determine all the performance indicators of the polyline drive. The main research task on this stand was to determine the possibility of creating a traction (friction) force of the drive that always exceeds the resistance force of a cotton bush clamped in a narrow working slot of the harvesting apparatus. To assess the functionality of a new version of the friction drive, a comparison technique was used when, in the beginning, the friction (thrust) force of a serial roller with a V-belt drive was measured, and then, on the stand-pull force of the drive with a poly-V-belt. A special device was made to measure the pulling force of the belts.