bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative hydrogen bonding in thiazole⋯(H2O)2 revealed by microwave spectroscopy
Authors: Gougoula Eva , Cummings Charlotte N. , Xu Yugao , Lu Tao , Feng Gang , Walker Nicholas R. 
Published: February 2023

Two isomers of a complex formed between thiazole and two water molecules, thi⋯(H2O)2, have been identified through Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy between 7.0 and 18.5 GHz. The complex was generated by the co-expansion of a gas sample containing trace amounts of thiazole and water in an inert buffer gas. For each isomer, rotational constants, A0, B0, and C0; centrifugal distortion constants, DJ, DJK, d1, and d2; and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, χaa(N) and [χbb(N) − χcc(N)], have been determined through fitting of a rotational Hamiltonian to the frequencies of observed transitions. The molecular geometry, energy, and components of the dipole moment of each isomer have been calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The experimental results for four isotopologues of isomer I allow for accurate determinations of atomic coordinates of oxygen atoms by r0 and rs methods. Isomer II has been assigned as the carrier of an observed spectrum on the basis of very good agreement between DFT-calculated results and a set of spectroscopic parameters (including A0, B0, and C0 rotational constants) determined by fitting to measured transition frequencies. Non-covalent interaction and natural bond orbital analyses reveal that two strong hydrogen bonding interactions are present within each of the identified isomers of thi⋯(H2O)2. The first of these binds H2O to the nitrogen of thiazole (OH⋯N), and the second binds the two water molecules (OH⋯O). A third, weaker interaction binds the H2O sub-unit to the hydrogen atom that is attached to C2 (for isomer I) or C4 (for isomer II) of the thiazole ring (CH⋯O).
Sexual mixing patterns in men who have sex with men: network approaches for smart resource allocation
Authors: Smith M. Kumi , Graham Matthew , Harripersaud Katherine , Zhu Qiuying , Lan Guanghua , Shen Zhiyong , Tang Shuai 
Published: February 2023

Background Age-based sexual mixing patterns in men who have sex with men (MSM) can greatly inform strategic allocation of intervention resources to subsets of the population for the purpose of preventing the greatest number of new HIV infections. Methods Egocentric network data collected from MSM participating in annual HIV sentinel surveillance surveys were used to assess age-dependent mixing and to explore its epidemiological implications on the risk of HIV transmission risk (among those HIV-infected) and HIV acquisition risk (among those not infected). Results Mixing in this sample of 1605 Chinese MSM is relatively age assortative (the average of values expressing the degree of preferential mixing were 2.01 in diagonal cells vs 0.87 in off-diagonal cells). Expected numbers of HIV acquisition were highest in the 20–24 years age group; those for HIV transmissions were highest among 25–29 year olds. The risk of both acquisition and transmission was highest in age groups that immediately follow the most commonly reported ages of sexual debut in this population (i.e. age 20). Conclusions These findings suggest that combination prevention resources should be targeted at younger MSM who are at higher risk of both transmission and acquisition. Programs may also do well to target even younger age groups who have not yet debuted in order to establish prevention effects before risky sexual behaviours begin. More research on optimal strategies to access these harder-to-reach subsets of the MSM population is needed. Findings also support ongoing efforts for public health practitioners to collect network data in key populations to support more empirically driven strategies to target prevention resources.
Collective magnetotaxis of microbial holobionts is optimized by the three-dimensional organization and magnetic properties of ectosymbionts
Authors: Chevrier Daniel M. , Juhin Amélie , Menguy Nicolas , Bolzoni Romain , Soto-Rodriguez Paul E. D. , Kojadinovic-Sirinelli Mila , Paterson Greig A. , Belkhou Rachid , Williams Wyn , Skouri-Panet Fériel , Kosta Artemis , Le Guenno Hugo , Pereiro Eva , Faivre Damien , Benzerara Karim , Monteil Caroline L. , Lefevre Christopher T. 
Published: February 2023

Over the last few decades, symbiosis and the concept of holobiont—a host entity with a population of symbionts—have gained a central role in our understanding of life functioning and diversification. Regardless of the type of partner interactions, understanding how the biophysical properties of each individual symbiont and their assembly may generate collective behaviors at the holobiont scale remains a fundamental challenge. This is particularly intriguing in the case of the newly discovered magnetotactic holobionts (MHB) whose motility relies on a collective magnetotaxis (i.e., a magnetic field-assisted motility guided by a chemoaerotaxis system). This complex behavior raises many questions regarding how magnetic properties of symbionts determine holobiont magnetism and motility. Here, a suite of light-, electron- and X-ray-based microscopy techniques [including X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)] reveals that symbionts optimize the motility, the ultrastructure, and the magnetic properties of MHBs from the microscale to the nanoscale. In the case of these magnetic symbionts, the magnetic moment transferred to the host cell is in excess (102to 103times stronger than free-living magnetotactic bacteria), well above the threshold for the host cell to gain a magnetotactic advantage. The surface organization of symbionts is explicitly presented herein, depicting bacterial membrane structures that ensure longitudinal alignment of cells. Magnetic dipole and nanocrystalline orientations of magnetosomes were also shown to be consistently oriented in the longitudinal direction, maximizing the magnetic moment of each symbiont. With an excessive magnetic moment given to the host cell, the benefit provided by magnetosome biomineralization beyond magnetotaxis can be questioned.
Innate immune cell activation causes lung fibrosis in a humanized model of long COVID
Authors: Cui Lu , Fang Zhuoqing , De Souza Cristabelle Madona , Lerbs Tristan , Guan Yuan , Li Irene , Charu Vivek , Chen Shih-Yu , Weissman Irving , Wernig Gerlinde 
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 remains a global pandemic of an unprecedented magnitude with millions of people now developing “COVID lung fibrosis.” Single-cell transcriptomics of lungs of patients with long COVID revealed a unique immune signature demonstrating the upregulation of key proinflammatory and innate immune effector genes CD47, IL-6, and JUN. We modeled the transition to lung fibrosis after COVID and profiled the immune response with single-cell mass cytometry in JUN mice. These studies revealed that COVID mediated chronic immune activation reminiscent to long COVID in humans. It was characterized by increased CD47, IL-6, and phospho-JUN (pJUN) expression which correlated with disease severity and pathogenic fibroblast populations. When we subsequently treated a humanized COVID lung fibrosis model by combined blockade of inflammation and fibrosis, we not only ameliorated fibrosis but also restored innate immune equilibrium indicating possible implications for clinical management of COVID lung fibrosis in patients.
Building a corpus of spoken Chinese interlanguage and some results of preliminary analyses
Authors: Du Hang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe corpus of spoken Chinese interlanguage in this study consists of over one million characters of transcribed student speech from data collected from nearly ten years of study abroad research. The main research method was a comparison with a similar corpus of spoken Chinese by native speakers. Preliminary analyses show that 11 of the top 20 most frequent words in both the learner corpus and native corpus are the same. Learners used some grammatical function words, such as把(bǎ),了(le),它(tā), and着(zhe) less than native speakers, while other ones, such as我(wǒ) and的(de), much more frequently. Possible explanations for these patterns, as well as pedagogical implications and directions for further research are discussed.
Computationally driven design of low dielectric-loss epoxy resin for medium-frequency transformers
Authors: Wu Zhicheng , Fan Jiasheng , Zhao Yuxiao , Lin Binqi , Zhou Wenying , Zhang Qiaogen , Li Licheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The design of low dielectric-loss epoxy resin (EP) systems plays an important role in the insulation optimization of medium-frequency transformers (MFTs). Due to the diversity of EP and curing agents, the traditional design method inspired by dielectric-loss measurements cannot complete low dielectric-loss EP systems design in plentiful candidate EP systems. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) computation was introduced to drive the design of a low dielectric-loss EP system for MFTs. By analyzing the relationship between the dielectric loss and molecular motion of the EP systems, two MD results were selected as descriptors to indicate the dielectric loss of EP systems, including mean square displacement and α-transition temperature. Eventually, the low dielectric-loss EP system blending EP, methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and dodecenyl succinic anhydride was effectively designed according to the descriptors. The rationality of the computationally driven design was verified by broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurement and the finite element method. Compared with previous EP systems, MFT insulated with the designed EP system had not only a 40% lower dielectric loss (9.79 W) but a higher overload capacity. This study provides an effective method for the design of low dielectric-loss EP systems.
Surface temperature characterization of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator in quiescent air
Authors: Hatamoto Asami , Emori Kenta , Nishida Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators (DBDPAs) have been investigated for active flow control. The discharge induces ionic wind, which can be utilized for flow control; however, it simultaneously heats the flow and the dielectric surface. The thermal characteristics of the DBDPA must be clarified for applications in thermo-fluid engineering, such as forced convective cooling. In this study, we constructed a similarity law for the time variation of the surface temperature, assuming that the induced flow was heated by the discharge and that the dielectric was heated by the airflow. The similarity law was derived from the one-dimensional heat conduction equation in the dielectric, and the spatially averaged normalized temperature was then formulated as a function of the Biot and Fourier numbers. To experimentally validate the similarity law, the surface temperature, thrust, and power consumption were measured. The induced flow temperature and heat transfer coefficient were estimated based on the thrust and power consumption. The measured results verified that the similarity law was valid, regardless of the dielectric material, thickness, or applied voltage. This result supports the hypothesis regarding the heating mechanism in which the airflow is heated by Joule heating and the dielectric is heated by forced convection.
Structural properties of Bi/Au(110)
Authors: Neziri Egzona , Zhang Wei , Smogunov Alexander , Mayne Andrew J , Kara Abdelkader , Dappe Yannick J , Oughaddou Hamid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Atomically thin bismuth films (2D Bi) are becoming a promising research area due to their unique properties and their wide variety of applications in spintronics, electronic and optoelectronic devices. We report on the structural properties of Bi on Au(110), explored by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. At a Bi coverage lower than one monolayer (1 ML) various reconstructions are observed, we focus on Bi/Au(110)-c(2 × 2) reconstruction (at 0.5 ML) and Bi/Au(110)-(3 × 3) structure (at 0.66 ML). We propose models for both structures based on STM measurements and further confirm by DFT calculations.
A feasibility study of enhanced prompt gamma imaging for range verification in proton therapy using deep learning
Authors: Jiang Zhuoran , Polf Jerimy C , Barajas Carlos A , Gobbert Matthias K , Ren Lei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and objective. Range uncertainty is a major concern affecting the delivery precision in proton therapy. The Compton camera (CC)-based prompt-gamma (PG) imaging is a promising technique to provide 3D in vivo range verification. However, the conventional back-projected PG images suffer from severe distortions due to the limited view of the CC, significantly limiting its clinical utility. Deep learning has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing medical images from limited-view measurements. But different from other medical images with abundant anatomical structures, the PGs emitted along the path of a proton pencil beam take up an extremely low portion of the 3D image space, presenting both the attention and the imbalance challenge for deep learning. To solve these issues, we proposed a two-tier deep learning-based method with a novel weighted axis-projection loss to generate precise 3D PG images to achieve accurate proton range verification. Materials and methods: the proposed method consists of two models: first, a localization model is trained to define a region-of-interest (ROI) in the distorted back-projected PG image that contains the proton pencil beam; second, an enhancement model is trained to restore the true PG emissions with additional attention on the ROI. In this study, we simulated 54 proton pencil beams (energy range: 75–125 MeV, dose level: 1 × 109 protons/beam and 3 × 108 protons/beam) delivered at clinical dose rates (20 kMU min−1 and 180 kMU min−1) in a tissue-equivalent phantom using Monte-Carlo (MC). PG detection with a CC was simulated using the MC-Plus-Detector-Effects model. Images were reconstructed using the kernel-weighted-back-projection algorithm, and were then enhanced by the proposed method. Results. The method effectively restored the 3D shape of the PG images with the proton pencil beam range clearly visible in all testing cases. Range errors were within 2 pixels (4 mm) in all directions in most cases at a higher dose level. The proposed method is fully automatic, and the enhancement takes only ∼0.26 s. Significance. Overall, this preliminary study demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method to generate accurate 3D PG images using a deep learning framework, providing a powerful tool for high-precision in vivo range verification of proton therapy.
Phase-sensitive detection of anomalous diffusion dynamics in the neuronal membrane induced by ion channel gating
Authors: Choi Honggu , Iyer Rishyashring R , Renteria Carlos A , Boppart Stephen A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Non-ergodicity of neuronal dynamics from rapid ion channel gating through the membrane induces membrane displacement statistics that deviate from Brownian motion. The membrane dynamics from ion channel gating were imaged by phase-sensitive optical coherence microscopy. The distribution of optical displacements of the neuronal membrane showed a Lévy-like distribution and the memory effect of the membrane dynamics by the ionic gating was estimated. The alternation of the correlation time was observed when neurons were exposed to channel-blocking molecules. Non-invasive optophysiology by detecting the anomalous diffusion characteristics of dynamic images is demonstrated.
Quantum geometrical current and coherence of the open gravitation system: loop quantum gravity coupled with a thermal scalar field
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Jin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Open quantum systems interacting with the environments often show interesting behaviors, such as decoherence, non-unitary evolution, dissipation, etc. It is interesting but still challenging to study the open quantum gravitation system interacting with the environments. In this work, we develop a general parameterized theoretical framework for the open quantum gravitation system. We studied a specific model where a real scalar field plays the role of the environment and the spacetime is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. We quantize the spacetime through the loop quantum gravity. We show that if the scalar field is in the thermal equilibrium state, the spacetime geometry will reach the equilibrium state after the transient relaxation. For the non-steady state, the quantum geometry current emerges. We point out that the quantum geometry current and the coherence can together drive the evolution of the spacetime geometry. This provides us a new view on the evolution of the spacetime geometry. Our results show that the coherence of the spacetime monotonically decreases as the temperature of the bath decreases. It helps the understanding of how a classical cold universe can emerge from an initial hot quantum universe.
Terahertz fiber with multi-concentric ring cores for OAM modes propagation
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Kong Depeng , Guan Lei , Wang Lili , Li Wenlong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A novel fiber incorporating central hollow, porous isolated layers, and concentric ring cores is proposed for the simultaneous propagation of multi-terahertz (THz) orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes with low-level inter-core and inter-mode crosstalk. The designed fiber can efficiently support 132 OAM modes in 0.6 ∼ 1.5 THz, 178 OAM modes in 0.7 ∼ 1.5 THz, etc, the high-order radial modes are suppressed within the whole frequency range meanwhile, and the number of OAM modes can be further boosted by further increasing the number of ring cores. In addition, the fiber has low confinement loss, flat dispersion, and high purity over a wide operating range. Hence it can be applied in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) based on OAM combined with core-division multiplexing (CDM) in THz range, and is also compatible with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and multi-level modulation formats. The realized fiber is expected to dramatically extend the transmission capacity and spectral efficiency.
Fuzzy Yang transform for second order fuzzy differential equations of integer and fractional order
Authors: Ullah Abd , Ullah Aman , Ahmad Shabir , Van Hoa Ngo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, a Laplace-like transform in a fuzzy environment called Yang transform is introduced to solve fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) with the order θ ∈ (1, 2] involving the Caputo fractional derivative in the sense of gH-differentiability. Some basic properties of Yang transform for integer and fractional derivatives are also provided. Furthermore, by utilizing the combination between the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and the Yang transform method, a general algorithm called the hybrid Yang transform method (HYTM) to solve the solutions of FDEs in the nonlinear form is proposed. For the validity and accuracy of this novel method, some examples and their simulations are given.
Shift-symmetric Horndeski gravity in the asymptotic-safety paradigm
Authors: Eichhorn Astrid , Lino dos Santos Rafael R. , Wagner Fabian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Horndeski gravity is a popular contender for a phenomenological model of dynamical dark
energy, and as such subject to observational constraints. In this work, we ask whether Horndeski
gravity can be more than a phenomenological model and instead become a fundamental theory, which
extends towards high energy scales and includes quantum effects. We find that within the
asymptotic-safety paradigm, an ultraviolet completion of a simple class of models of Horndeski
gravity is achievable, but places strong constraints on the couplings of the theory. These
constraints are not compatible with dynamical dark energy. Further, we find a similar result in an
effective-field theory approach to this class of models of Horndeski gravity: under the assumption
that there is no new strongly-coupled physics below the Planck scale, quantum gravity fluctuations
force the Horndeski couplings to be too small to achieve an explanation of dynamical dark energy.
Correlation analysis of decaying sterile neutrino dark matter in the context of the SRG mission
Authors: Barinov V.V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We provide a correlation analysis of signatures associated with traces of the dark matter decay and the galaxy spatial distribution according to the 2MRS catalog of galaxies. Signature data analysis plays an important role in the context of current and future observations and cosmological constraints. Attention is paid to the constraints that can be obtained for decaying sterile neutrinos when analyzing observations in the context of the Spectr-Roentegn-Gamma (SRG) mission. We study the correlation spectra of dark matter and galaxies, which can be obtained both for the eROSITA telescope and for the first time for the ART-XC telescope. The analysis is carried out both within the framework of the Limber approximation and within the framework of the extended Limber approximation, which makes it possible to more accurately study the power spectra in the region of small multipoles. We calculate the power spectra in both approaches and examine the contribution of different ranges of multipoles to the resulting constraints on sterile neutrino parameters.
The SNAD Viewer: Everything You Want to Know about Your Favorite ZTF Object
Authors: Malanchev Konstantin , Kornilov Matwey V. , Pruzhinskaya Maria V. , Ishida Emille E. O. , Aleo Patrick D. , Korolev Vladimir S. , Lavrukhina Anastasia , Russeil Etienne , Sreejith Sreevarsha , Volnova Alina A. , Voloshina Anastasiya , Krone-Martins Alberto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We describe the SNAD Viewer, a web portal for astronomers which presents a centralized view of individual objects from the Zwicky Transient Facility’s (ZTF) data releases, including data gathered from multiple publicly available astronomical archives and data sources. Initially built to enable efficient expert feedback in the context of adaptive machine learning applications, it has evolved into a full-fledged community asset that centralizes public information and provides a multi-dimensional view of ZTF sources. For users, we provide detailed descriptions of the data sources and choices underlying the information displayed in the portal. For developers, we describe our architectural choices and their consequences such that our experience can help others engaged in similar endeavors or in adapting our publicly released code to their requirements. The infrastructure we describe here is scalable and flexible and can be personalized and used by other surveys and for other science goals. The Viewer has been instrumental in highlighting the crucial roles domain experts retain in the era of big data in astronomy. Given the arrival of the upcoming generation of large-scale surveys, we believe similar systems will be paramount in enabling an optimal exploitation of the scientific potential enclosed in current terabyte and future petabyte-scale data sets. The Viewer is publicly available online at https://ztf.snad.space.