bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cherenkov imaging parameters and positional constraints on an O-ring linear accelerator
Authors: Alexander Daniel A , Majji Srikanth , Jermyn Michael , Byrd Brook K , Bruza Petr , Li Taoran , Zhu Timothy C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. With the introduction of Cherenkov imaging technology on the Halcyon O-ring linear accelerator platform, we seek to demonstrate the imaging feasibility and optimize camera placement. Approach. Imaging parameters were probed by acquiring triggering data Cherenkov image frames for simplistic beams on the Halcyon and comparing the analyzed metrics with those from the TrueBeam platform. Camera position was analyzed by performing 3D rendering of patient treatment plans for various sites and iterating over camera positions to assess treatment area visibility. Main results. Commercial Cherenkov imaging systems are compatible with the pulse timing of the Halcyon, and this platform design favorably impacts signal to noise in Cherenkov image frames. Additionally, ideal camera placement is treatment site dependent and is always within a biconical zone of visibility centered on the isocenter. Visibility data is provided for four treatment sites, with suggestions for camera placement based on room dimensions. Median visibility values were highest for right breast plans, with values of 80.33% and 68.49% for the front and rear views respectively. Head and neck plans presented with the lowest values at 26.44% and 38.18% respectively. Significance. This work presents the first formal camera positional analysis for Cherenkov imaging on any platform and serves as a template for performing similar work for other irradiation platforms. Additionally, this study confirms the Cherenkov imaging parameters do not need to be changed for optimal imaging on the Halcyon. Lastly, the presented methodology provides a framework which could be further expanded to other optical imaging systems which rely on line of sight visibility to the patient.
An ensemble approach for enhancing generalization and extendibility of deep learning facilitated by transfer learning: principle and application in curing monitoring
Authors: Zhu Jianjian , Su Zhongqing , Han Zhibin , Lan Zifeng , Wang Qingqing , Ho Mabel Mei-po 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have exhibited significant advantages compared to conventional data analysis methods. However, the limitations of poor generalization and extendibility impede the broader application of these methods beyond specific learning tasks. To address this challenge, this study proposes a transfer learning-based ensemble approach called SMART. This approach incorporates synthetic minority oversampling technique, average reinforced interpolation, series data imaging, and fine-tuning. To validate the effectiveness of SMART, we conduct experiments on curing monitoring of polymeric composites and construct a hybrid dataset with highly heterogeneous features. We compare the performance of SMART with exemplary ML algorithms using conventional evaluation indicators, including Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score. The experimental results demonstrate that the SMART approach exhibits superior generalization capacity and extendibility, achieving indicator scores above 0.9900 in new scenarios. These findings suggest that the proposed SMART approach has the potential to break through the limitations of conventional ML and DL models, enabling wider applications in the industrial sectors.
Levy-type analytical series solution for the three-dimensional free vibrations of functionally graded material rectangular plates with piezoelectric layers
Authors: Huang Chiung-Shiann , Chen Guan-Hong , Lu Meng-Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Analytical solutions founded on three-dimensional theories play a crucial role in evaluating the credibility and precision of different plate theories and numerical methodologies. While Levy-type analytical solutions are widely recognized, they have been primarily confined to purely elastic plates. This study introduces a Levy-type analytical series solution for three-dimensional vibrations in a sandwich rectangular plate featuring a functionally graded material (FGM) core, along with piezoelectric material (PM) layers on the top and bottom surfaces. The behaviors of the FGM and PM layers were described using three-dimensional elasticity and piezoelasticity theories, respectively. In this study, the displacement functions and electric potential of each layer were expanded by Fourier series and polynomial auxiliary functions. An analytical series solution was then established by satisfying the governing equations of each layer, the mechanical and electric boundary conditions on the six faces of the plate, and the continuity conditions on the interfaces between the PM and FGM layers. To validate the proposed solutions, in-depth convergence studies were conducted for the vibration frequencies of the first six modes of sandwich square plates with various boundary conditions on the other pair of side faces. The well-converged results were then compared with published data based on various plate theories to verify the accuracy of these published data. Finally, accurate nondimensional frequencies were tabulated for the first six modes of sandwich rectangular plates with various aspect ratios, thickness-to-width ratios, PM-to-FGM layer thickness ratios, power law indices for the FGM layer, and six combinations of boundary conditions. These new numerical results when piezoelectric coupling is considered should be very useful to future analytical and numerical studies.
Research on interactions between different operating modes of piezoelectric motors
Authors: Li Chong , Chen Ruimin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper explores interactions between multiple operating modes of piezoelectric motors. The developed motor can operate in the second-order in-plane bending modes (I), the third-order in-plane bending modes (II) and the first-order out-of-plane bending modes (III). These working modes excited separately and simultaneously, can be manipulated electronically. Each of the vibrational modes can both be driven by applying single-phase and two-phase voltages to piezoelectric ceramic plates. In order to produce all the vibration states, the structural parameters of stator were strictly designed to harmonize two eigenfrequencies of each type of vibrational modes by using finite element software ANSYS. Displacement characteristics of stator driving particles under all vibration states were calculated to evaluate mutual effects of different operating modes. Simulation results reveal that the superposition of I and II corresponds to a mode with lower resonance frequency and larger vibration amplitude in stator body. For the designed motor, the conjunction of modes I and II actually forms the first-order in-plane vibrational mode B01. Therefore, the response displacement of stator driving points reaches the maximum value when modes I and II are conjointly actuated by supplying single-phase excitation voltage under the premise of undistorted three-dimensional motion trajectory. The motor performances under that condition were also investigated experimentally. The dimension of the fabricated prototype motor is 10 mm × 10 mm × 20 mm. The stall torque is 0.2 N·m under 200 V single-phase excitation, when the motor operates in modes I and II simultaneously. The maximum no-load speed is 74 r min−1. Compared with separate actuation of vibrational modes I and II, mechanical properties of the prototype motor are significantly improved.
Self-centering capacity of RC columns with smart plastic hinges of martensitic NiTi SMA bars
Authors: Choi Eunsoo , Jeon Jong-Su , Lee Jong-Han 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the self-centering capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) columns with martensitic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars in the plastic hinge region. To achieve this, three RC columns were prepared: one was conventional and the other two had SMA bars in the plastic hinge zone. The columns had a diameter of 400 mm, height of 1400 mm, and aspect ratio of 3.5. The 400 mm long SMA bars were connected to the steel rebars using specially devised couplers. A cyclic lateral load was applied at the top of the columns, and the lateral displacements along the height of the columns and the corresponding forces were measured during cyclic lateral loading. The strain in the SMA bars was also measured. The RC column with SMA bars exhibited a plastic hinge around the couplers, thus concrete damage from cracking was concentrated at this site. This was completely different from the failure mode of the conventional RC column. The SMA bars in the column were in an elastic state, whereas the steel rebars yielded inside the couplers. The RC column with SMA bars exhibited excellent self-centering capacity, and its displacement recovery ratio was approximately 95% at a drift of 5%. However, its energy-dissipation capacity was lower than that of the conventional RC column. The equivalent damping ratio of the RC column with SMA bars was approximately 3% after 1.75% drift. It is conjectured that the excellent self-centering of the RC column with SMA bars was caused by the elastic behavior of the martensitic SMA bars.
Determining the access to H–mode in the ITER pre–fusion and fusion power operation phases at low plasma current with full–radius TGLF–SAT2 simulations of L–mode plasmas
Authors: Angioni C. , Citrin J. , Loarte A. , Polevoi A.R. , Kim S.H. , Fable E. , Tardini G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The pre–fusion power operation 1 phase of ITER is planned to be characterized by electron cyclotron resonance heating only. Under the assumption that the access to H–mode is determined by a critical ion heat flux at the plasma edge, full–radius ASTRA simulations with the TGLF–SAT2 transport model are performed in order to compute the ion heat flux produced by the thermal exchange between electrons and ions in different operational conditions. Both hydrogen and deuterium plasmas at 5 MA are considered, respectively at 1.8 T and 2.65 T, corresponding to one third and half of the nominal maximum magnetic field. Different levels of electron cyclotron heating power are considered in sets of simulations with increasing values of the electron line averaged density. The predictions are compared with the currently available scaling of the critical ion heat flux. In hydrogen, 20 MW of electron heating power are predicted to allow H–mode access in a vanishingly small density window, whereas 30 MW and 40 MW would allow more substantial H–mode operational windows. Despite the fact that in deuterium plasmas the thermal exchange between electrons and ions is smaller by the hydrogen to deuterium mass ratio compared to hydrogen plasmas, the lower H–mode power threshold in deuterium leads to the prediction that an even broader and more robust domain to access H–mode is obtained at half field at 40 MW in deuterium as compared to operation in hydrogen at one third of the maximum magnetic field, even at the same power.
Trapping and Repellent Techniques for Huanglongbing Management in Citrus Orchards: Innovative Strategies to Combat Vector-Mediated Disease Transmission
Authors: Poerwanto M E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The global increase in human population has heightened the demand for citrus fruits and their derivatives, necessitating effective management strategies to mitigate the impact of huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Caused by gram-negative bacteria such as ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter africanus’, and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’, HLB is primarily transmitted by the insect vector Diaphorina citri. While traditional vector suppression methods using insecticides have proven ineffective, innovative approaches are required to control disease spread. This study aims to address the persistent nature of the vector and its ability to transmit HLB throughout its life cycle by emphasizing trapping and repellent techniques. By implementing early detection methods, utilizing disease-resistant citrus varieties, employing disease-free seeds, enhancing nutritional regimes, and reducing vector populations, promising results have been achieved in reducing vector populations and limiting HLB inoculum. The implications of this research underscore the importance of adopting trapping and repellent strategies, alongside the use of disease-free citrus plants, to effectively manage HLB and safeguard citrus plantations worldwide.
Impact of Pipe Length on Discharge and Headloss in PVC Water Pipe Installations
Authors: Mustofa W A , Tjahjanti P H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the implications of pipe length on water discharge and headloss in clean water pipe installations in Klampok hamlet, Indonesia. Three residential houses were selected as research sites, each equipped with a 2-inch diameter PVC type pipe and a water pump with a power of 3.6 housepower. The goal was to measure the water discharge, major and minor headloss, and the flow pattern within these pipe installations. Results revealed a water pump discharge to the reservoir of 0.004 m3/s, while the reservoir water discharge designated to supply residents’ houses was 0.0026 m3/s. Further, the study uncovered that headloss value was inversely proportional to pipe length, with a maximum major headloss value of 1.764 m at 17 m and a minimum of 1.038 m at 10 m, similarly mirrored in minor headloss values. Finally, the flow pattern within the pipe, irrespective of its length, was found to be turbulent, as deduced from the Reynolds number (Re=165,780 > 4,000). These findings underscore the role of pipe length in dictating energy loss and water discharge rates, offering key insights for the design and installation of efficient water supply systems.
Sustainable Bioavtur: A System Dynamics Approach to Addressing the Aviation Industry’s Environmental Impact
Authors: Nuryadin D , Nurcholis M , Rahmanda G A 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe global energy crisis, predominantly affecting fossil fuel sources, poses significant challenges to numerous sectors worldwide, leading to escalating fuel prices and rising costs of living and production. The aviation industry, in particular, faces severe repercussions as domestic avtur production fails to meet the soaring demand, jeopardizing economic profitability and energy security. To tackle these issues, this study employs a qualitative modeling approach using system dynamics to investigate the interconnections among social, economic, technological, and environmental components within the biofuels development system. The research highlights the urgency of implementing several measures, including land conversion restrictions, regulation of palm oil trade schemes, and technological advancements in bioavtur production in Indonesia, to mitigate potential adverse consequences. The findings underscore the aviation industry’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and emphasize the need for sustainable biovehicles. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, scientists, and professionals in the agricultural environment, ecology, and resources field, offering strategies to address the aviation sector’s environmental impact while ensuring sustainable energy alternatives.
Inorganic Waste Management and Energy Potential: Implications for Agricultural Sustainability
Authors: Dharmasyah D F , Anasstasia T T , Utami A , Widiarti I W , Alfiani O D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the potential of inorganic waste as an energy source at TPS 3R Kasih (Indonesian waste management facility), a waste management site currently facing challenges with effective solid waste segregation. A comprehensive assessment was performed by analyzing heap size, waste composition, density, and energy potential through proximate and ultimate tests. The findings revealed that the site generates an average of 12.34 tons of waste per week, with inorganic waste accounting for 23.28%. Further examination of this inorganic waste, comprising of Hard Plastic (3.18%), Ordinary Plastic (10.97%), Paper/Carton (6.84%), Rubber/Fabric (3.65%), and Wood (2.30%), indicated its significant potential as Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) fluff. Upon processing, the RDF fluff presented a calorific value of 4,708 Kcal/kg, Moisture of 2.1%, Ash Content of 3.7%, and Volatile Matter of 85.2%. These characteristics make it a potential alternative fuel source for the cement industry. The study concludes that effective waste segregation and processing at TPS 3R Kasih could transform inorganic waste into a valuable energy source, highlighting the significant implications for waste-to-energy strategies and the reduction of dependency on fossil fuels.
Patients with AUD exhibit dampened heart rate variability during sleep as compared to social drinkers
Authors: Wemm Stephanie E , Golden Max , Martins Jorge , Fogelman Nia , Sinha Rajita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chronic heavy alcohol use profoundly affects the cardiovascular system, contributing to several life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Heart rate variability (HRV), or the fluctuations in heart rate, reflects dynamic autonomic nervous system processes that change to meet biological demands and environmental challenges. In the current study, we examined whether HRV metrics are altered in alcohol use disorder (AUD) during waking and sleeping with passive biomonitoring as participants went about their daily lives. Social drinkers (standard deviation: n = 10, 5 female) and treatment-seeking individuals with moderate to severe AUD (n = 16, 7 female) provided continuous, real-world heart rate monitoring for 5 days of monitoring on average (M = 5.27 ± 2.22). Five indices of respiration and HRV—respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) amplitude, high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), HF/LF ratio, root-mean-square standard deviation (RMSSD), and standard deviation of the N–N intervals (SDNN)—were analyzed separately for waking and sleeping hours. Both RMSSD and SDNN decreased the longer the participants were awake (Ps &lt; .013). During sleeping hours, HF, RSA amplitude, RMSSD, and SDNN were significantly higher in light social drinkers as compared to patients with AUD (all Ps &lt; .009), indicating higher parasympathetic activation during sleep in the SD versus AUD group. Sleep and waking HRV measures were significantly correlated with patient-reported symptoms of depression and sleep difficulties in the AUD group (Ps &lt; .05). This natural observational study utilizing continuous autonomic biomonitoring in the real world indicates parasympathetic dysfunction that is clearly detectable during sleep in AUD and HRV measures, which are also related to clinical, patient-related symptoms of AUD.
Pollination syndromes and the origins of floral traits
Authors: Assis Leandro C S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
A general view in the study of pollination syndromes is that floral traits usually represent convergent floral adaptations to specific functional pollinator groups. However, the definition of convergence is elusive and contradictory in the literature. Is convergence the independent evolution of either the same trait or similar traits with the same function? A review of the concept of convergence in developmental biology and phylogenetic systematics may shed new light in studies of pollination syndromes.

Scope
The aims of this article are (1) to explore the notion of convergence and other concepts (analogy, homoplasy and parallelism) within the theory and practice of developmental evolution and phylogenetic systematics; (2) to modify the definitions of syndromes in order to embrace the concepts of analogy and convergence; (3) to revisit the bat pollination syndrome in the context of angiosperm phylogeny, with focus on the showy ‘petaloid’ organs associated with the syndrome; (4) to revisit the genetic-developmental basis of flower colour; (5) to raise evolutionary hypotheses of floral evolution associated with the bat pollination syndrome; and (6) to highlight some of the current frontiers of research on the origin and evolution of flowers and its impact on pollination syndrome studies in the 21st century.

Conclusions
The inclusion of the concepts of analogy and convergence within the concept of syndromes will constitute a new agenda of inquiry that integrates floral biology, phylogenetic systematics and developmental biology. Phyllostomid and pteropodid bat pollination syndrome traits in eudicots and monocots represent cases of analogous and convergent evolution. Pollination syndromes are a multivariate concept intrinsically related to the understanding of flower organogenesis and evolution. The formulation of hypotheses of pollination syndromes must consider the phylogenetic levels of universality for both plant and animal taxa, flower development, genetics, homology and evolution, and a clear definition of evolutionary concepts, including analogy, convergence, homoplasy and parallelism.
An improved rhythmicity analysis method using Gaussian Processes detects cell-density dependent circadian oscillations in stem cells
Authors: Sahay Shabnam , Adhikari Shishir , Hormoz Sahand , Chakrabarti Shaon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Detecting oscillations in time series remains a challenging problem even after decades of research. In chronobiology, rhythms (for instance in gene expression, eclosion, egg-laying, and feeding) tend to be low amplitude, display large variations amongst replicates, and often exhibit varying peak-to-peak distances (non-stationarity). Most currently available rhythm detection methods are not specifically designed to handle such datasets, and are also limited by their use of P-values in detecting oscillations.

Results
We introduce a new method, ODeGP (Oscillation Detection using Gaussian Processes), which combines Gaussian Process regression and Bayesian inference to incorporate measurement errors, non-uniformly sampled data, and a recently developed non-stationary kernel to improve detection of oscillations. By using Bayes factors, ODeGP models both the null (non-rhythmic) and the alternative (rhythmic) hypotheses, thus providing an advantage over P-values. Using synthetic datasets, we first demonstrate that ODeGP almost always outperforms eight commonly used methods in detecting stationary as well as non-stationary symmetric oscillations. Next, by analyzing existing qPCR datasets, we demonstrate that our method is more sensitive compared to the existing methods at detecting weak and noisy oscillations. Finally, we generate new qPCR data on mouse embryonic stem cells. Surprisingly, we discover using ODeGP that increasing cell-density results in rapid generation of oscillations in the Bmal1 gene, thus highlighting our method’s ability to discover unexpected and new patterns. In its current implementation, ODeGP is meant only for analyzing single or a few time-trajectories, not genome-wide datasets.

Availability and implementation
ODeGP is available at https://github.com/Shaonlab/ODeGP.