bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFORMAL STUDENT CAREGIVERS: BALANCING CAREGIVING RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACHIEVING ACADEMIC SUCCESS
Authors: Tucker Gretchen , Bradley Dana , Millar Roberto , Thorne Claudia , Diehl Christin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
According to the American Association for Retired Persons (AARP), there are five million student caregivers in the United States. Seven out of ten student caregivers say their caregiving roles affect their academic achievements. An informal (unpaid) student caregiver may provide care for a spouse, family member (excluding child care), friend, or neighbor. Student caregivers often encounter obstacles in balancing their caregiving responsibilities while trying to achieve academic success. The goal of this mixed method study is to understand the experiences of informal (unpaid) student caregivers. The aim of this study was to expand on a pilot study to increase our understanding of what challenges students face while being a caregiver and what resources are most helpful to reach their academic goals. The study was a mixed methods study consisting of a survey, which was sent to both undergraduate and graduate students, followed by one-on-one interviews with students who wanted to provide additional information about their experiences. Data was collected from two universities in the Baltimore metropolitan area, one of which is a designated historically black university and the other a minority serving university. We present findings from this research with a focus on identifying challenges and opportunities for universities to serve informal student caregivers from diverse backgrounds. More broadly, this research will contribute to the universities’ understanding of student caregivers and help identify new resources to assist students in achieving their academic goals while being a caregiver.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NURSING HOME DIRECT CARE PROFESSIONALS’ TURNOVER INTENT DURING COVID-19
Authors: Cimarolli Verena , Bryant Natasha , Falzarano Francesca , Stone Robyn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of direct care professionals (DCPs; nursing assistants and aides) in nursing homes (NHs) has led to high rates of DCPs’ turnover and staff shortages - both issues that were already prevalent before the pandemic. More optimal staffing levels and less turnover are essential for optimal NH quality of care, but little is known about factors associated with turnover in DCPs in NHs during the pandemic. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the mediating roles of 1) quality of employer communication related to COVID-19; 2) DCPs’ perceived preparedness to care for residents with COVID-19; and 3) DCPs’ job satisfaction in the relationship between overall COVID-19-related work stress and intent to remain in one’s job (an indicator of turnover). Path analyses (N=809) demonstrate a significant, indirect effect between COVID-19-related stress and intent to remain in one’s position through the variables of communication, preparedness, and job satisfaction. Higher levels of COVID-19 related stress were associated with poorer communication quality, lower levels of preparedness, and lower job satisfaction, which was subsequently associated with a reduced likelihood of intent to remain in one’s job. However, direct effects show that better communication quality was associated with better preparedness correlating with higher job satisfaction which increased the likelihood of intent to remain in one’s job. Findings underscore the importance of employer supports in DCPs’ job satisfaction and turnover in NHs and, thus have implications for how to improve quality of care in NHs.
Palliative care education in an Australian undergraduate pharmacy curriculum: an exploratory descriptive study
Authors: Ong Jennifer A , Rego Joanna , Ung Tina , Kumar Shweta , Ash Kylie , Saini Bandana , Yates Patsy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the self-perceived knowledge, confidence and preparedness of undergraduate pharmacy students to provide palliative care.MethodsA descriptive exploratory analysis was conducted in 2021 at an Australian university involving final-year pharmacy students (n = 200) who were provided with the opportunity to complete a survey on self-perceived knowledge, confidence and preparedness overall and with respect to a range of graduate capabilities which are essential to provide care in palliative care settings. Key capability areas include: communication, showing empathy, making clinical judgements and self-reflection. This was measured using the Palliative Care Curriculum for Undergraduates Questionnaire which was distributed electronically. Descriptive statistics were undertaken and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to explore any differences in outcomes with respect to factors related to demographics, personal experience and education. Thematic analysis was utilised for qualitative data.Key findingsForty-five percent of the student cohort (n = 89) responded, 70% of whom were female, and the median age for students was 22 years. Median scores (interquartile range) were modest for overall self-perceived knowledge: 5.0 (3.0–5.0), confidence: 4.0 (3.0–5.0) and preparedness: 4.0 (2.5–5.0). Students who had participated in learning about palliative care through clinical placements (n = 25, 28%), self-directed learning activities (n = 18, 20%) or case-/problem-based learning (n = 14, 16%) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in overall preparedness (P = 0.017), confidence with specific capabilities including evidence-based practice (P = 0.013), responding to medication queries (P &lt; 0.05) and managing symptoms other than pain (P = 0.018).ConclusionsFindings suggest students were confident to manage symptoms and medication-related issues but less confident to address distress or discuss sensitive matters with patients and their families. There may be a need for greater exposure and practical experience in palliative care settings.
A deep learning approach to identify missingis-arelations in SNOMED CT
Authors: Abeysinghe Rashmie , Zheng Fengbo , Bernstam Elmer V , Shi Jay , Bodenreider Olivier , Cui Licong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveSNOMED CT is the largest clinical terminology worldwide. Quality assurance of SNOMED CT is of utmost importance to ensure that it provides accurate domain knowledge to various SNOMED CT-based applications. In this work, we introduce a deep learning-based approach to uncover missing is-a relations in SNOMED CT.Materials and MethodsOur focus is to identify missing is-a relations between concept-pairs exhibiting a containment pattern (ie, the set of words of one concept being a proper subset of that of the other concept). We use hierarchically related containment concept-pairs as positive instances and hierarchically unrelated containment concept-pairs as negative instances to train a model predicting whether an is-a relation exists between 2 concepts with containment pattern. The model is a binary classifier leveraging concept name features, hierarchical features, enriched lexical attribute features, and logical definition features. We introduce a cross-validation inspired approach to identify missing is-a relations among all hierarchically unrelated containment concept-pairs.ResultsWe trained and applied our model on the Clinical finding subhierarchy of SNOMED CT (September 2019 US edition). Our model (based on the validation sets) achieved a precision of 0.8164, recall of 0.8397, and F1 score of 0.8279. Applying the model to predict actual missing is-a relations, we obtained a total of 1661 potential candidates. Domain experts performed evaluation on randomly selected 230 samples and verified that 192 (83.48%) are valid.ConclusionsThe results showed that our deep learning approach is effective in uncovering missing is-a relations between containment concept-pairs in SNOMED CT.
Identification and characterization of bioactive metabolites of 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, a ligand for leukotriene B4 receptor 2
Authors: Yasukawa Ken , Okuno Toshiaki , Ogawa Narihito , Kobayashi Yuichi , Yokomizo Takehiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
12(S)-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) is a bioactive fatty acid synthesized from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway and serves as an endogenous ligand for the low-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2). Although the 12-HHT/BLT2 axis contributes to the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis, 12-HHT metabolism under physiological conditions is unclear. In this study, 12-keto-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-KHT) and 10,11-dihydro-12-KHT (10,11dh-12-KHT) were detected as 12-HHT metabolites in the human megakaryocytic cell line MEG01s. We found that 12-KHT and 10,11dh-12-KHT are produced from 12-HHT by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) and prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1), key enzymes in the degradation of prostaglandins, respectively. The 15-PGDH inhibitor SW033291 completely suppressed the production of 12-KHT and 10,11dh-12-KHT in MEG01s cells, resulting in a 9-fold accumulation of 12-HHT. 12-KHT and 10,11dh-12-KHT were produced in mouse skin wounds, and the levels were significantly suppressed by SW033291. Surprisingly, the agonistic activities of 12-KHT and 10,11dh-12-KHT on BLT2 were comparable to that of 12-HHT. Taken together, 12-HHT is metabolized into 12-KHT by 15-PGDH, and then 10,11dh-12-KHT by PTGR1 without losing the agonistic activity.
The picture collection of the Lords Kinnaird at Rossie Priory
Authors: Cassidy Brendan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The paintings acquired by the 7th and 8th Barons Kinnaird in the period c.1795–1828 included some of the finest Old Masters on the market, including works by Titian, Rembrandt and Rubens, and works from the Orléans collection. Mounting debts, however, meant that several were soon sold. Those that remained would eventually be displayed (from c.1825) in the newly built family home, Rossie Priory in Perthshire. There they attracted the attention of Gustav Friedrich Waagen, Wilhelm von Bode, Cornelis Hofstede de Groot and Bernard Berenson. The collection, however, was larger than the reports of these scholars suggested and contained important works they failed to mention. Two sources of information presented here provide fuller knowledge of the pictures in the Priory: a group of early photographs made in the 1850s and 1860s (accessible at https://collections.st-andrews.ac.uk/collection/the-rossie-priory-glass-plate-negative-collection/503453) and an inventory of the contents of the house made in 1878 and reproduced in annotated form in an online Appendix to this article. Between them they document the collection before its dispersal, principally at a London sale in 1946.
Battle for control of anthocyanin biosynthesis in twoBrassicaceaespecies infected with turnip mosaic virus
Authors: Inukai Tsuyoshi , Kim Hangil , Matsunaga Wataru , Masuta Chikara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt has previously been found that turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) greatly suppresses anthocyanin accumulation (AA) in Brassica rapa leaves, and that such leaves become infected whilst anthocyanin-enriched leaves on the same plants are rarely infected. To clarify whether AA is a defense against TuMV, in this study we examined tissue-level patterns of spontaneous AA in relation to the cellular localization of a TuMV strain that expresses a yellow fluorescent protein. We found that TuMV infection was significantly blocked by AA, suggesting that it functions as a chemical barrier against TuMV. We next analysed changes in expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in TuMV-infected leaves of Arabidopsis. TuMV also suppressed AA that is induced by high light in Arabidopsis, and this this suppression was mainly due to inhibited expression of anthocyanin late-biosynthesis genes (LBGs). Most positive transcription factors of LBGs were also down-regulated, while the negative regulator SPL15 was highly up-regulated. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) also moderately suppressed AA in Arabidopsis, but in a different manner. Since it appeared that anthocyanin-enriched leaves of Arabidopsis were resistant to TuMV but not CMV, our results suggested that the anthocyanin-associated resistance that we observed was specific to TuMV.
Identity in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Suryanarayan Pavithra , White Steven 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Identity politics—how identities emerge, how they persist, and the ways in which they shape politics—have been topics of enduring interest to social scientists. This chapter showcases recent work in historical political economy to show how identity shaped the development of the state, the ways elites used propaganda to activate identity cleavages, and the recent methodological and theoretical innovations in where and why historical identities persist and continue to shape politics. We conclude with challenges for the field, including how our assumptions about identity and preferences complicate our understanding of institutional development. Studies of identity have typically focused on individual studies of preferences or structural studies of group contestation. Our survey of new HPE research also suggests that we should take more seriously a meso-level unit of analysis: the role of identity in institutional development, particularly state capacity.
Theoretical Schemas to Guide Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Chronic Low Back Pain Clinical Research
Authors: Chau Anthony , Steib Sharis , Whitaker Evans , Kohns David , Quinter Alexander , Craig Anita , Chiodo Anthony , Chandran SriKrishan , Laidlaw Ann , Schott Zachary , Farlow Nathan , Yarjanian John , Omwanghe Ashley , Wasserman Ronald , O’Neill Conor , Clauw Dan , Bowden Anton , Marras William , Carey Tim , Mehling Wolf , Hunt C Anthony , Lotz Jeffrey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic low back pain (cLBP) is a complex with a heterogenous clinical presentation. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to cLBP is needed for accurate diagnosis, optimal treatment, and identification of mechanistic targets for new therapies. The Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Research Program provides a unique opportunity in this regard, as it will generate large clinical datasets, including a diverse set of harmonized measurements. The Theoretical Model Working Group was established to guide BACPAC research and to organize new knowledge within a mechanistic framework. This article summarizes the initial work of the Theoretical Model Working Group. It includes a three-stage integration of expert opinion and an umbrella literature review of factors that affect cLBP severity and chronicity.MethodsDuring Stage 1, experts from across BACPAC established a taxonomy for risk and prognostic factors (RPFs) and preliminary graphical depictions. During Stage 2, a separate team conducted a literature review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to establish working definitions, associated data elements, and overall strength of evidence for identified RPFs. These were subsequently integrated with expert opinion during Stage 3.ResultsThe majority (∼80%) of RPFs had little strength-of-evidence confidence, whereas seven factors had substantial confidence for either a positive association with cLBP (pain-related anxiety, serum C-reactive protein, diabetes, and anticipatory/compensatory postural adjustments) or no association with cLBP (serum interleukin 1-beta / interleukin 6, transversus muscle morphology/activity, and quantitative sensory testing).ConclusionThis theoretical perspective will evolve over time as BACPAC investigators link empirical results to theory, challenge current ideas of the biopsychosocial model, and use a systems approach to develop tools and algorithms that disentangle the dynamic interactions among cLBP factors.
Precision μ+μ+ and μ+e− elastic scatterings
Authors: Hamada Yu , Kitano Ryuichiro , Matsudo Ryutaro , Takaura Hiromasa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expected measurement precisions of elastic scattering cross sections are estimated for μ+μ+ and μ+e− colliders, which have recently been proposed as future realistic possibilities (μTRISTAN). Compared with contributions from possible new physics represented by higher-dimensional operators, we find that the measurements at a TeV energy μ+μ+ collider can probe the scale of new physics up to O(100) TeV. A μ+e− collider for the Higgs boson factory can also improve the electroweak precision test. For those studies, we assume the expected integrated luminosity at μTRISTAN, Lint = 120 fb−1 (μ+μ+) and 1 ab−1 (μ+e−).
Prospective double-blind study on the value of musculoskeletal ultrasound by dermatologists as a screening instrument for psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Grobelski Jakub , Wilsmann-Theis Dagmar , Karakostas Pantelis , Behning Charlotte , Brossart Peter , Schäfer Valentin S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluated musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) use by dermatologists previously trained on a novel handheld, chip-based ultrasound device (HHUD) to screen for early PsA.

Methods
Twelve dermatologists were recruited to screen psoriasis patients for PsA using the novel HHUD in one major hospital in Bonn (Germany) and six private practices in surrounding regions. Patient screening was based on medical history, clinical examination, and the GEPARD questionnaire paired with an MSUS examination of up to three painful joints. All screened patients were then referred to rheumatologists, who determined the final diagnosis. The screening effect of MSUS was assessed according to its sensitivity and specificity before and after its application.

Results
Between 1 October 2020 and 26 May 2021, a total of 140 psoriasis patients with arthralgia participated in this study. PsA was diagnosed in 19 (13.6%) cases. Before applying MSUS, dermatologists’ screening sensitivity and specificity were recorded as 88.2% and 54.4%, respectively, while after applying MSUS the sensitivity and specificity changed to 70.6% and 90.4%, respectively. MSUS led to a change of PsA suspicion in 46 cases, with PsA no longer being suspected in 45 of them.

Conclusion
This study was able to demonstrate that PsA screening using MSUS by previously trained dermatologists can lead to more precise PsA detection and potentially decreased rheumatologist referral rates.
FEATURES OF VASCULATURE IN PATIENTS WITH RETINA ARTERIAL MACROANEURYSM USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Hu Liying , Zhang Luyuan , Li Zhiqing , Liu Juping , Yu Rongguo , Wang Linni , Xing Dongjun , Li Chang , Yang Yang , Li Xiaorong 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To assess morphologic characteristics of retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) and their vascular changes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:
This observational study included 31 eyes of 29 participants diagnosed with RAM based on fundus fluorescein angiography in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital. Multimodal imaging modalities, including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and OCTA, were used to examine RAMs. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the RAMs were recorded.

Results:
Depending on the fundus fluorescein angiography examination, 40 cases of RAM were confirmed in 29 patients. Twenty-three patients were female (79%), and six patients were male (21%). Two patients had binocular RAM, and four eyes had more than one RAMs. Relying on the OCTA technology, RAMs have four different vascular morphology types (i.e., distended, meshed, malformed, and occult types). In the distended type, round or encircled thrombi caused asymmetrical or symmetrical distention of retinal arteriolar, leading to separate true lumen and false thrombus lumen in RAM. In the meshed type, the meshed or dendritic vascular network around the RAM was likely to be the neovascularization due to the ischemia and hypoxia of the arteriolar wall. Finally, in the malformed and occult type, the RAM usually regressed, and the retinal arterioles were remodeled to distorted or normal arterioles accompanied by capillary degradation.

Conclusion:
Relying on the OCTA technology, we found that the RAMs have four different types of vascular morphology. Each group of RAM has different vascular features. The application of OCTA in patients with RAM furthers our understanding of the vasculature of RAMs.
OUTER FOVEAL DEFECTS IN TYPE-2 MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA
Authors: Chandran Kiran , Giridhar Anantharaman , Gayathri M.S. , Antison Meghana , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Sivaprasad Sobha 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To report characteristics of outer foveal defects (OFDs) in type-2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods:
This was a single-center observational study. From a registry of 745 patients with MacTel, patients with OFDs were characterized. All patients underwent multimodal imaging including color fundus photography, confocal blue reflectance, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Staging of eyes was done using the Gass and Blodi classification. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography characteristics in the central 1 mm of the macula in eyes with OFD are reported.

Results:
Outer foveal defect was observed in 21 eyes of 15/745 (2%) patients with MacTel. These defects were bilateral in 6/15 (40%) patients and seen in stage 2 MacTel eyes. In order of prevalence, foveal parameters seen in OFD included hyper-reflective dots in outer retina in 19/21 (90%), ellipsoid zone loss in 18/21 (86%) eyes, interdigitation zone loss in 17/21 (81%) eyes, outer retinal hyporeflective cavitation in 14 (67%) eyes, hyporeflective cavitation at foveal pit in 8 (38%) eyes, and loss of external limiting membrane in 1 (5%) eye. The mean baseline length of the foveal ellipsoid zone loss was 240.17 ± 117.249 µm. The mean baseline central subfield thickness was 155.43 ± 17.215 µm. A total of 8/11 eyes (73%) showed an increase in size of OFD on follow-up.

Conclusion:
Outer foveal defect in MacTel eyes is characterized predominantly by foveal loss of ellipsoid zone and interdigitation zone with relative preservation of external limiting membrane.