bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral economies for water: A framework for analyzing norms of justice, economic behavior, and social enforcement in the contexts of water inequality
Authors: Beresford Melissa , Wutich Amber , Garrick Dustin , Drew Georgina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver the past two decades, scholars have invoked E. P. Thompson's and James Scott's concept of a “moral economy” to explain how people mobilize notions of justice to make claims to water. We draw together 20 years of literature to assess the state‐of‐the‐art present in research on moral economies for water. We trace the historical foundations of the moral economies concept and its relevance to water; define the three basic components of a moral economy for water—(1) shared understandings of justice, (2) normative economic practices, (3) social pressure mechanisms—and provide examples of how they manifest globally. We then discuss how moral economies for water can cycle through four basic states—balanced struggle, intensified reaction, mass revolt, and collapse and dissolution—at different scales. We also explore the implications of the moral economies framework for key areas of current research on water: water sharing, water commons, water markets, and biocultural outcomes, and discuss the ways in which the moral economies framework dovetails with recent advances in water research, especially the economics of water and development. We argue that the moral economies framework is a powerful explanatory tool for understanding the relationships between ideas of water justice, economic behaviors, and mechanisms of social enforcement that complements other methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives. We envision moral economies for water as a field that can facilitate a range of norm‐based analyses of economic behavior and water justice, including across scales—from local to global—and in broad, integrative, multiscalar, and cross‐disciplinary ways.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Value of Water
Human Water > Rights to Water
Ger1 is a secreted aspartic acid protease essential for spore germination in Ustilago maydis
Authors: Mukherjee Subhasish , Bhakta Koustav , Ghosh Abhrajyoti , Ghosh Anupama 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUstilago maydis expresses a number of proteases during its pathogenic lifecycle. Some of the proteases including both intracellular and extracellular ones have previously been shown to influence the virulence of the pathogen. However, any role of secreted proteases in the sporulation process of U. maydis have not been explored earlier. In this study we have investigated the biological function of one such secreted protease, Ger1 belonging to aspartic protease A1 family. An assessment of the real time expression of ger1 revealed an infection specific expression of the protein especially during late phases of infection. We also evaluated any contribution of the protein in the pathogenicity of the fungus. Our data revealed an involvement of Ger1 in the sporulation and spore germination processes of U. maydis. Ger1 also showed positive influence on the pathogenicity of the fungus and accordingly the ger1 deletion mutant exhibited reduced pathogenicity. The study also demonstrated the protease activity associated with Ger1 to be essential for its biological function. Fluorescence microscopy of maize plants infected with U. maydis cells expressing Ger1‐mcherry‐HA also revealed that Ger1 is efficiently secreted within maize apoplast.
On Resolution Matrices
Authors: An Meijian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSolution appraisal, which has been realized on the basis of projections from the true medium to the solution, is an essential procedure in practical studies, especially in computer tomography. The projection operator in a linear problem or its linear approximation in a nonlinear problem is the resolution matrix for the solution (or model). Practical applications of a resolution matrix can be used to quantitatively retrieve the resolvability of the medium, the constrainability of the solution parameters, and the relationship between the solution and the factors in the study system. A given row vector of the matrix for a solution parameter can be used to quantify the resolvability, deviation from expectation, and difference between that solution parameter and its neighbor from the main-diagonal element, row-vector sum, and difference between neighboring elements in the row vector, respectively. The resolution length of a solution parameter should be estimated from the row vector, although it may be unreliable when the vector is unstable (e.g., due to errors). Comparatively, the resolution lengths that are estimated from the column vectors of the observation-constrained parameters are reliable in this instance. Previous studies have generally employed either the direct resolution matrix or the hybrid resolution matrix as the model resolution matrix. The direct resolution matrix and hybrid resolution matrix in an inversion with damping (or general Tikhonov regularization) are Gramian (e.g., symmetric). The hybrid resolution matrix in an inversion using zero-row-sum regularization matrices (e.g., higher-order Tikhonov regularizations) is one-row-sum but is not a stochastic matrix. When the two resolution matrices appear in iterative nonlinear inversions, they are not a projection of the solution, but rather the gradient of the projection or a projection of the solution improvement immediately after a given iteration. Regardless, their resultant resolution lengths in iterative nonlinear inversions of surface-wave dispersion remain similar to those from the projection of the solution. The solution is influenced by various factors in the study, but the direct resolution matrix is derived only from the observation matrix, whereas the hybrid resolution matrix is derived from the observation and regularization matrices. The limitations imply that the appropriateness using the two resolution matrices may be questionable in practical applications. Here we propose a new complete resolution matrix to overcome the limitations, in which all of the factors (e.g., errors) in linear or nonlinear (inverse or non-inverse) studies can be incorporated. Insights on all of the above are essential for ensuring a reliable and appropriate application of the resolution matrix to appraise the model/solution and understand the relationship between the solution and all of the factors in the study system, which is also important for improving the system.
What do bereaved relatives of cancer patients dying in hospital want to tell us? Analysis of free-text comments from the International Care of the Dying Evaluation (i-CODE) survey: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Gerlach Christina , Baus Miriam , Gianicolo Emilio , Bayer Oliver , Haugen Dagny Faksvåg , Weber Martin , Mayland Catriona R. ,   ERANet-LAC CODE Core scientific group, Sigurdardottir Katrin , Hansen Marit Irene Tuen , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Leppert Wojciech , Wolszczak Katarzyna , Yanneo Eduardo Garcia , Tripodoro Vilma , Goldraij Gabriel , Gerlach Christina , Zambon Lair , Passarini Juliana Nalin , Saad Ivete Bredda , Ellershaw John , Ting Grace 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeWe conducted an international survey of bereaved relatives of cancer patients dying in hospitals in seven countries, with the aim to assess and improve the quality of care. The survey used the i-CODE (International Care of the Dying Evaluation) questionnaire. Here, we report findings from the free-text comments submitted with the questionnaires. We explored for topic areas which would potentially be important for improving the quality of care. Further, we examined who reported free-texts and in what way, to reduce bias without ignoring the function the free-texts may have for those contributing.MethodsWe used a combined qualitative-quantitative approach: logistic regression analysis to study the effect of respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics on the probability of free-texts contributions and thematic analysis to understand the free-text meaning. The primary survey outcomes, (1) how frequently the dying person was treated with dignity and respect and (2) support for the relative, were related to free-text content.ResultsIn total, 914 questionnaires were submitted; 457/914 (50%) contained free-text comments. We found no socio-demographic differences between the respondents providing free-texts and those who did not. We discovered different types of free-texts (“feedback,” “narrative,” “self-revelation”) containing themes of which “continuity of care,” “the one person who can make a difference,” and “the importance of being a companion to the dying” represent care dimensions supplementing the questionnaire items. A free-text type of grateful feedback was associated with well perceived support for the relative.ConclusionBereaved relatives used the free-texts to report details related to i-CODE items and to dimensions otherwise not represented. They highlighted the importance of the perceived support from human interaction between staff and the dying patient and themselves; and that more than professional competence alone, personal, meaningful interactions have profound importance.
Anhaltend spannend – das zu kurze Zungenband, Teil 1
Authors: Guóth-Gumberger Márta , Karall Daniela 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Zunge hat eine zentrale Aufgabe bei vielerlei Aufgaben. Stillen, angemessene Ernährung und altersgemäßer Gewichtsverlauf sind einige davon – und wichtige Anliegen in der Pädiatrie. Auch bei Problemen mit Essen, Aussprache, Schlucken oder Zahnstellung kann eine eingeschränkte Zungenbeweglichkeit durch ein zu kurzes Zungenband eine Rolle spielen, da dadurch die erforderlichen Lernprozesse für die Bewegung der Zunge behindert werden.Das Wissen um die möglichen Folgen eines zu kurzen Zungenbands hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten vermehrt an Kenntnis gewonnen. Die ausgeprägte Variante des zu kurzen Zungenbands, das Frenulum linguae breve anterior (oder: zu kurzes Zungenband mit Ansatz an der Zungenspitze), ist sichtbar und wird meist behandelt; seltener die posteriore Variante, das zu kurze Zungenband mit Ansatz hinter der Zungenspitze, bei der die Zungenspitze frei ist und keine Einkerbung zeigt.Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Anatomie der Strukturen in der Mundhöhle, mit den unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten der Beurteilung der Funktion der Zunge und der unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten der Frenotomie als Behandlung eines zu kurzen Zungenbands sollen die Beurteilung unterstützen, wann und bei wem eine Behandlung sinnvoll ist und wann nicht, und welche begleitenden Maßnahmen empfohlen werden sollten.Wenn ein zu kurzes Zungenband unerkannt bleibt, wirken die zur Lösung der Symptome ergriffenen Maßnahmen oft nicht wie erwünscht. Daher ist es essenziell zu erkennen, wann eine Behandlung des zu kurzen Zungenbands sinnvoll ist, wann nicht, und wie sie mit anderen Maßnahmen verbunden werden kann, damit das Ergebnis – nämlich eine verbesserte Beweglichkeit der Zunge für die erforderlichen Funktionen – erreicht wird.In dieser dreiteiligen Serie zum Thema zu kurzes Zungenband wird ein vertiefter Überblick über das Thema geschaffen, insbesondere über den Zusammenhang mit Stillen, Ernährung, Gewichtsverlauf, Sprache und Zahnstellung.Dieser erste Teil befasst sich mit der Beurteilung des zu kurzen Zungenbands, mit Hinweis auf die Notwendigkeit eines multifaktoriellen Beurteilungskonzepts, das Vor- und Nachsorge sowie die Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Fachkräften und die Beschäftigung mit erstellten Fotos (und Videos) berücksichtigt.Die Teile 2 und 3, die in den nächsten Folgen von Pädiatrie & Pädologie erscheinen, behandeln die Behandlungsmethoden des zu kurzen Zungenbands und die Problemfelder bezüglich der Behandlungsmethoden bei zu kurzem Zungenband (und Lippenband) und in der Nachbehandlung des zu kurzen Zungenbands.Die Schritte der Beurteilung, Indikationsstellung/Diagnose und Therapie sowie die Nachsorge werden evidenzbasiert besprochen, mit dem Ziel, dass die Betroffenen und deren Familien die benötigte Hilfe kompetent und zeitgerecht erhalten.
Efficacy and Safety of Inclisiran in Patients with Polyvascular Disease: Pooled, Post Hoc Analysis of the ORION-9, ORION-10, and ORION-11 Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Koenig Wolfgang , Conde Lorena Garcia , Landmesser Ulf , Leiter Lawrence A. , Ray Kausik K. , Schwartz Gregory G. , Wright R Scott , Han Jackie , Raal Frederick J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with polyvascular disease (PVD) are at very high cardiovascular risk and require intensive lipid-lowering therapy. This analysis describes the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of inclisiran versus placebo in patients with and without PVD.

Methods
In this post hoc analysis of the ORION-9, ORION-10, and ORION-11 trials, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive 284 mg inclisiran (300 mg inclisiran sodium) or placebo on day 1, day 90, and 6-monthly thereafter. Percentage change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline to day 510 and corresponding time-adjusted change from day 90 and up to day 540 were evaluated per patients’ PVD status. Safety was assessed over 540 days.

Results
Of 3454 patients, 470 (13.6%) had PVD, and 2984 (86.4%) did not. Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between the treatment arms in both cohorts. A greater proportion of patients with PVD had comorbidities versus those without. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) placebo-corrected LDL-C percentage change from baseline to day 510 was −48.9% (−55.6 to −42.2) in patients with PVD and −51.5% (−53.9 to −49.1) in patients without. Proportions of patients with reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and treatment-emergent serious adverse events were similar between treatment arms, irrespective of PVD status, except for an excess of mild or moderate clinically relevant TEAEs at the injection site with inclisiran.

Conclusion
Twice-yearly inclisiran dosing (after the initial and 3-month doses) was well tolerated and provided effective and sustained lipid-lowering in patients, irrespective of PVD status.
Failing parametrizations: what can go wrong when approximating spectral submanifolds
Authors: Stoychev Alexander K. , Römer Ulrich J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInvariant manifolds provide useful insights into the behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. For conservative vibration problems, Lyapunov subcenter manifolds constitute the nonlinear extension of spectral subspaces consisting of one or more modes of the linearized system. Conversely, spectral submanifolds represent the spectral dynamics of non-conservative, nonlinear problems. While finding global invariant manifolds remains a challenge, approximations thereof can be simple to acquire and still provide an effective framework for analyzing a wide variety of problems near equilibrium solutions. This approach has been successfully employed to study both the behavior of autonomous systems and the effects of non-autonomous forcing. The current computation strategies rely on a parametrization of the invariant manifold and the reduced dynamics thereon via truncated power series. While this leads to efficient recursive algorithms, the problem itself is ambiguous, since it permits the use of various approaches for constructing the reduced system to which the invariant manifold is conjugated. Although this ambiguity is well known, it is rarely discussed and usually resolved by an ad hoc choice of method, the effects of which are mostly neglected. In this contribution, we first analyze the performance of three popular approaches for constructing the conjugate system: the graph style parametrization, the normal form parametrization, and the normal form parametrization for “near resonances.” We then show that none of them is always superior to the others and discuss the potential benefits of tailoring the parametrization to the analyzed system. As a means for illustrating the latter, we introduce an alternative strategy for constructing the reduced dynamics and apply it to two examples from the literature, which results in a significantly improved approximation quality.
Barley RIC157, a potential RACB scaffold protein, is involved in susceptibility to powdery mildew
Authors: Engelhardt Stefan , Trutzenberg Adriana , Kopischke Michaela , Probst Katja , McCollum Christopher , Hofer Johanna , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Key message
CRIB motif-containing barley RIC157 is a novel ROP scaffold protein that interacts directly with barley RACB, promotes susceptibility to fungal penetration, and colocalizes with RACB at the haustorial neck.

Abstract
Successful obligate pathogens benefit from host cellular processes. For the biotrophic ascomycete fungus Blumeria hordei (Bh) it has been shown that barley RACB, a small monomeric G-protein (ROP, Rho of plants), is required for full susceptibility to fungal penetration. The susceptibility function of RACB probably lies in its role in cell polarity, which may be co-opted by the pathogen for invasive ingrowth of its haustorium. However, how RACB supports fungal penetration success and which other host proteins coordinate this process is incompletely understood. RIC (ROP-Interactive and CRIB-(Cdc42/Rac Interactive Binding) motif-containing) proteins are considered scaffold proteins which can interact directly with ROPs via a conserved CRIB motif. Here we describe a previously uncharacterized barley RIC protein, RIC157, which can interact directly with RACB in planta. We show that, in the presence of constitutively activated RACB, RIC157 shows a localization at the cell periphery/plasma membrane, whereas it otherwise localizes to the cytoplasm. RIC157 appears to mutually stabilize the plasma membrane localization of the activated ROP. During fungal infection, RIC157 and RACB colocalize at the penetration site, particularly at the haustorial neck. Additionally, transiently overexpressed RIC157 renders barley epidermal cells more susceptible to fungal penetration. We discuss that RIC157 may promote fungal penetration into barley epidermal cells by operating probably downstream of activated RACB.
Development and validation of a risk nomogram model for predicting pulmonary hypertension in patients with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hu Yue , Wang Xiaotong , Xiao Shengjue , Wu Huimin , Huan Chunyan , Xu Tao , Guo Minjia , Liu Ailin , Jiang Xiaoyao , Wang Jia , Zhu Hong , Pan Defeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can greatly affect the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to construct a nomogram to predict the probability of PAH development in patients with stage 3–5 CKD to guide early intervention and to improve prognosis.

Methods
From August 2018 to December 2021, we collected the data of 1258 patients with stage 3–5 CKD hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University as a training set and 389 patients hospitalized at Zhongda Hospital as a validation set. These patients were divided into PAH and N-PAH groups with pulmonary arterial systolic pressure ≥ 35 mmHg as the cutoff. The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to establish the nomogram. Then, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROCs), a calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to validate the nomogram.

Results
The nomogram included nine variables: age, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, platelet count, serum creatinine, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter, main pulmonary artery diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction. The AUC-ROCs of the training set and validation set were 0.801 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.771–0.830) and 0.760 (95% CI 0.699–0.818), respectively, which showed good discriminative ability of the nomogram. The calibration diagram showed good agreement between the predicted and observed results. DCA also demonstrated that the nomogram could be clinically useful.

Conclusion
The evaluation of the nomogram model for predicting PAH in patients with CKD based on risk factors showed its ideal efficacy. Thus, the nomogram can be used to screen for patients at high risk for PAH and has guiding value for the subsequent formulation of prevention strategies and clinical treatment.
Leberteilresektionen bei Lebermetastasen – neue translationale Konzepte
Authors: Khatib-Chahidi Karl , Bockhorn Maximilian , Troja Achim 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungLeberteilresektionen sind fester Bestandteil in der Behandlung von Lebermetastasen. Dies betrifft insbesondere Lebermetastasen kolorektalen Ursprungs, wie aber auch Absiedlungen von anderen Tumoren (neuroendokrin, Mamma, Magen, Pankreas etc.). Die Entfernung von Lebertumoren als Ganzes und im Ganzen ist die effektivste Therapie im Hinblick auf Kuration. Je nach Lokalisation, Größe und/oder auch Anzahl der Läsionen kommen unterschiedliche leberchirurgische Techniken zum Einsatz. Dies beinhaltet zum einen Instrumente, um das Leberparenchym zu versiegeln und zu durchtrennen, und zum anderen auch ergänzende, z. B. interventionelle/ablative Verfahren. Eingebettet werden solche Resektionen ggf. in perioperative Systemtherapien, die zur Überbrückung oder Verkleinerung von Läsionen eingesetzt werden. Moderne multimodale Therapieplanungen mit Reevaluationen sollten in spezialisierten Tumorboards besprochen werden. Ein Schwerpunkt hierbei sollte auf der Einschätzung einer möglichen Resektabilität liegen, um letztendlich das prinzipielle Therapiekonzept hinsichtlich palliativen oder kurativen Managements optimal festlegen zu können.
Bausteine und Strukturen für eine leistungsfähige Real-World-Data-Analyse
Authors: Swart Enno , Gothe Holger , Ihle Peter 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Real-World-Data (RWD)-Analyse hat in den vergangenen Jahren eine erhebliche Dynamik entwickelt, gefördert durch gestiegene Möglichkeiten der (explorativen) Analyse großer Datenmengen und parallel durch die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit bislang für die Wissenschaft nicht zugänglicher Datenkörper.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der nächste Entwicklungsschritt der RWD-Analyse ist ihre wissenschaftliche Etablierung in Form von Netzwerkbildung und formeller Organisation sowie Generierung spezifischer Methoden. Auf diesem Weg können Erfahrungen aus der Entwicklung der Sekundärdatenanalyse als Teil der RWD-Analyse hilfreich sein. Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit maßgebliche Schritte in diesem Prozess und dabei entstandene wissenschaftliche Produkte als Vorbild für die RWD-Analyse dienen können, exemplarisch dargestellt an den Aktivitäten der Arbeitsgruppe Erhebung und Nutzung von Sekundärdaten (AGENS).

Material und Methoden
Aus maßgeblichen Entwicklungsphasen der AGENS in den vergangenen 25 Jahren werden potenzielle Prozesse und Strukturen für eine Fortentwicklung der RWD-Analyse abgeleitet.

Ergebnisse
Die wesentlichen Charakteristika der aktuellen Arbeit der AGENS und damit auch der Strukturen der Sekundärdatenanalyse sind: a) Netzwerkbildung von Wissenschaftler:innen aus Forschung und Entwicklung sowie Vertreter:innen der Dateneigner:innen, b) Entwicklung spezifischer wissenschaftlicher Standards, c) die wissenschaftliche Sichtbarkeit durch Schwerpunktbeiträge, Journale und Tagungsformate, d) eigenständige Angebote für Aus- und Weiterbildung von Nachwuchswissenschaftler:innen, e) die laufende Verbesserung des Forschungsfelds durch Erschließung neuer Datenkörper.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Entwicklung der Sekundärdatenanalyse als wichtiger Teil der RWD-Analyse liefert Ansatzpunkte für deren Etablierung als eigenständiger Wissenschaftszweig.