bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amsler Grid Versus 10-2 Test in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Gbadegesin Temitope Mariam , Olawoye Olusola , Sarimiye Tarela Frederick , Idowu Oluwatobi Olalekan , Ajayi Benedictus G.K. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Glaucoma is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness. The goal of management in glaucoma lies in its early detection and treatment to prevent further optic neuropathy. Available equipment for early glaucoma detection is not cost-effective or readily available in resource-scarce settings such as Nigeria. Thus, there is a need for a simple cost-effective tool to detect glaucomatous central visual field (CVF) defects in all the stages of glaucoma within the community in resource scarce-settings.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this article is to determine the validity of the Amsler grid in detecting central glaucomatous visual field defects in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of follow-up glaucoma patients at a secondary eye care hospital in Nigeria. All patients had detailed ophthalmic examination in addition to 24-2 and 10-2 CVF tests and Amsler grid test. POAG was classified using the Hodapp–Parrish–Anderson criteria into mild, moderate, and severe on 24-2 CVF. The diagnostic validity of the Amsler grid was calculated using the 10-2 CVF as a reference standard. Regression analyses were performed between the Amsler grid scotoma area and 10-2 CVF parameters [mean deviation (MD), scotoma extent (SE), and scotoma mean depth (SMD)].

Results:
A total of 150 eyes of 150 patients were enrolled. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Amsler grid compared with the 10-2 CVF was 49.5%, 95.9%, 96.2%, and 47.9%, respectively, with an area under curve of 0.7. Sensitivity increased with increasing severity (P < 0.001) from 20.0%, 31.0%, and 76.6% in mild, moderate, and severe POAG, respectively. The Amsler grid scotoma area had the strongest relationship with the 10-2 MD, followed by 10-2 SE and 10-2 SMD with a quadratic R
2 of 0.579, 0.370, and 0.307, respectively.

Conclusion:
The Amsler grid has a low sensitivity in mild-to-moderate POAG. However, it may serve as an adjunctive tool in resource-scarce settings for detection of severe POAG in the community by primary eye care providers.
Hydatid Disease of Tibia Reconstructed with Allograft
Authors: Niraula Bishwa Bandhu , Regmi Anil , Bansal Shivam , Dhingra Mohit , Phulware Ravi Hari , Bhagat Saroj Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Hydatid disease of bone shows a well-defined, multiloculated lytic lesion with the appearance of a bunch of grapes. The presenting symptoms are pain and swelling with or without pathological fracture. The treatment options include surgery followed by a long duration of albendazole. Removal of the involved bone is required to decrease the chances of recurrences.

Case Report:
In our study, we have included a case of 28-year-old woman presented with complaints of pain and difficulty in weight bearing over her right lower limb for 2.5 months. Radiograph suggested an eccentric lytic lesion in midshaft of tibia and biopsy revealed granulosus cyst wall, nucleate germinal layer, the brood capsule, and protoscolices with visible hooklets. Patient was subjected to surgery with the excision of cyst along with extended curettage of bone creating a bone defect around the lesion and with anterolateral platting with coverage of bone defect by allogenic bone grafting. Patient was kept on above knee slab with non-weight-bearing mobilization for 6 weeks. Postoperative chemotherapy with Albendazole was given for 3 months. Patient was followed up every 6 weeks for 3 months and every month thereafter on outpatient basis. Return to work and patient satisfaction were excellent.

Conclusion:
Definitive Surgical management with Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy seems to be effective to avoid recurrence. The bone defect caused by the disease or surgery can be managed with a bone graft either of autograft or allograft.
Urinary Catheter Documentation in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Okeke Chike John , Ogunjimi Moses Adebisi , Jeje Emmanuel Ajibola , Obi Anselm Okwudili , Uzoma Chukwuebuka 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Urinary catheters are an important armamentarium of urologic practice. Several indications for their use exist. A good knowledge of the details surrounding every urinary catheter inserted is necessary for the proper management of the patients. Inadequate documentation can lead to complications such as urinary tract infection or even forgotten catheters.

Objectives:
This study aimed at auditing the practice of documentation of urinary catheter parameters in our hospital as a means to improving the standard of care and aligning with international best practices with respect to the use of urinary catheters in our hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a 3-month audit on the quality of documentation on the parameters of each urinary catheter use in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The parameters included the indication for catheterisation, route of catheterisation, staff who catheterised, size of catheter, type of catheter, volume of water used for inflating catheter balloon, volume of urine drained, if aseptic technique was followed during catheterisation, informed consent and complications encountered. Data were summarised as frequencies and means. Statistical significance was pegged at P < 0.05.

Results:
Seventy-four patients were men, whereas two were women. The mean age of the patients was 67.29 ± 15.17 years. Overall, sex (76 [100%]), age (76 [100%]) and route of catheterisation (68 [89.5%]) were the three most commonly documented information. The documentation on complications and volume of fluid instilled to inflate the catheter balloon were the least-documented parameters (6 [7.9%] and 11 [14.5%], respectively). The following parameters were better documented in the SPC arm: The staff who passed the catheter p = 0.000), the type of catheter passed (p = 0.004), asepsis (p = 0.001) and acquisition of informed consent (p = 0.043).

Conclusions:
Documentation following urinary catheter use was noted to be poor in this study. Documentation of catheter parameters was noted to be higher in patients who had SPC than those who had urethral catheterisation.
Ophthalmic Injuries in Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma Presenting to a Teaching Hospital in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Panshak Tenmang Elisha , Akhiwu Benjamin Idemudia , Ramyil Alice Venyir , Saleh Naomi , Wade Patricia , Ladeinde Akinola Ladipo , Mpyet Caleb 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Ophthalmic injuries in patients with maxillofacial trauma are potential causes of a permanent visual loss. These injuries can easily be missed; hence, there is a need for the ophthalmic evaluation of patients with maxillofacial trauma. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, patterns, etiology, and risk factors of ophthalmic injuries in patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma in a teaching hospital in North Central Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study of 67 patients with maxillofacial trauma recruited over a 6-month study period. Information on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants was obtained. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to test for statistical significance.

Results:
Ophthalmic involvement was seen in 77.6% of the study participants, with males and individuals aged 21–30 years being more commonly affected. The leading cause of ophthalmic injuries in patients with maxillofacial trauma was road traffic accident (RTA) (75.5%). Others included assaults and fall from heights. Amongst the RTA cases, 71.4% was due to motorcycle-related accident with 91.9% of the patients with ophthalmic injuries observed not to use helmet/seat belt. The use of alcohol and not wearing protective gears were seen as the risk factors. Simple zygomatic complex fracture was the most common trauma observed (44.2%).

Conclusion:
Ophthalmologic assessment should be conducted for all patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma. The laws on the use of protective gears such as helmets and seat belts should be enforced.
Effect of hyaluronic acid with a collagen sponge scaffold in the treatment of intra-bony defects of chronic periodontitis
Authors: ElShammaa Ibrahim Mohammed , Ghoraba Sahar Fawzy , Shoukheba Malak Yousef 
Published: September 2023

Aim
This randomized split mouth study evaluated the effect of hyaluronic acid HA gel in a collagen sponge in the treatment of intra-bony periodontal defects.

Materials and Methods
Twenty sites of intrabony defects in 10 systemically healthy patients with chronic moderate periodontitis were randomly distributed into two groups, 10 sites each. Group I treated with open flap debridement and collagen sponge soaked in placebo gel. Group II treated with open flap debridement and HA gel-soaked collagen sponge. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, three months after surgery, and six months after that. Cone beam computed tomography was used to assess bone density, defect depth (DD), defect width (DW), and defect area (DA) at baseline and six months after surgery (BD).

Results
Group II showed statistically significant improvement in plaque index, BOP, PPD and CAL at 3- and 6-month intervals, while group I showed statistically significant improvement regarding all clinical parameters except for CAL at 6 months, showed statistically insignificant increase approximating the baseline value. Intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences in favour of group II at 3 and 6 months for PPD and CAL while for BOP at 6 months only. At six months, both groups had statistically significant improvements in the radiographic parameters, and intergroup comparison revealed statistically significant differences favouring group II.

Conclusion
Hyaluronic acid resulted in clinical improvement and radiographic evidence of bone regeneration in the treatment of intra-bony defects in chronic periodontitis patients.
Effect of different surface treatments on tensile bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to CAD/CAM denture base
Authors: El-Refay Rehab A. , El-Sheikh Mohamed M. , Salm Amal A. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study evaluated the effect of different surface treatments on tensile bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to prepolymerized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) denture base resin (PMMA) under two different storage conditions.

Patients and methods
160 test specimens were used in this study, each specimen has two parts: the first part: is an acrylic cross-linked maxillary central incisor denture tooth embedded in acrylic resin blocks, and the second part: is cone shape (5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm) specimens prepared from prepolymerized PMMA discs by computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling machine under water cooling. Test specimens were divided into four main groups 40 each according to tooth surface treatment. Group I: no sandblasting. Group II: sandblasted using 50 μm aluminum oxide. Group III: sandblasted using 150 μm Al2O3. Group IV: sandblasted using 200 μm Al2O3. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (A, B) 20 each, subgroup A used resin cement bond first part with the second part. Subgroup B used a bonding agent to bond the first part with the second part. Each subgroup was divided into 10 specimens that were stored in 50 hours of distilled water storage and 10 specimens were thermocycling. All specimens were then subjected to a tensile load using testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until debonding. The resulting debonding forces were recorded and statistically analyzed. For all specimens, the interface was inspected. The interface failures were classified into adhesive and cohesive failures. The data were analyzed using a three-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test.

Results
The highest mean value tensile bond strength was recorded for GIV (6.5 ± 1.46). Sandblasting was improving the tensile bond strength value of all the specimens. Bonding agents without and with surface treatment significantly improved the tensile bond strength of all specimens. The thermocycling significantly decreased the tensile bond strength of all specimens.

Conclusion
Sandblasting of denture teeth followed by bonding agent improved the tensile bond strength to CAD/CAM denture base. Thermocycling decreased the tensile bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to CAD/CAM denture base.
In vitro stress analysis of class II Kennedy conventional design and side plate with OT attachment
Authors: Othman Doaa Soliman , Kashef Nahed Ahmed , El Gendy Mohamed Nabeel Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

Aim of the work
The purpose of this study was to compare stress induced by the conventional design of lower unilateral free-end saddle and side plate with extra-coronal attachment (OT Cap attachment) and record the micro-strains induced by this stress.

Materials and methods
Strain gauge technology was used for strain analysis. A two-layer epoxy resin model with a unilateral distal extension base was used in this study with the second premolar as the last standing abutment. Model A: A lower metallic partial denture was made with an RPI clasp as a direct retainer on the second premolar and a double Aker clasp for cross-arch stabilization on the 1st and 2nd molars of the dentulous side, and the lingual plate served as a major connector. Model B: Lower metallic partial denture was made with the extra-coronal attachment (OT Cap attachment) as a direct retainer on the second premolar splinted with the first premolar by crowns. Stresses were measured vertically and obliquely at the buccal and lingual sides of the lower 2nd premolar, the edentulous ridge in the lower 2nd molar, and the double Aker in the dentulous side of model A. However, stresses were measured vertically and obliquely at the buccal and lingual side of the lower 2nd premolar and the edentulous ridge in the lower 2nd molar of model B. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using the SPSS software program.

Results
The present study revealed that stresses recorded at the abutment teeth and the ridge in the area of the lower second molar were higher in the case of conventional RPD than in OT attachment and the micro strains recorded around the abutment tooth were much more than micro-strains recorded around the residual ridge.

Conclusions
Mandibular partial denture using OT attachment can be considered as a prosthetic option for the management of class II Kennedy classification as it can improve the integrity of the alveolar bone of the abutment tooth and the residual ridge. Splinting of abutments reduces the stresses located in the buccal and lingual aspects of the abutment connection between the abutment and the OT attachment allowing better distribution of the stresses between the abutment tooth and the ridge vertically and obliquely.
ANALISA TEBAL PERKERASAN LENTUR PEMBANGUNAN JALAN PERTIBI LAMA-SIOSAR KECAMATAN MEREK KABUPATEN KARO STA 0+000 S/D 2 + 000
Authors: Brahmana Meidifa Cindy Br , Silitonga David , Debataraja Semangat , Lubis Yusuf Aulia 
Published: September 2023

Jalan ialah sarana transportasi yang memudahkan warga setempat buat berinteraksi menggunakan lingkungan sekitarnya, baik dalam bidang sosial, ekonomi, juga budaya. salah satu Ruas jalan adalah Jalan Pertibilama - Siosar.oleh karena itu Tujuan dibangun jalan ini yaitu buat buat menaikkan fungsi sistem jalan mirip pengurangan kemacetan sebagai akibatnya berpengaruh kepada sektor ekonomi dan juga pariwisata. pada jalan ini akan direncanakan lebar jalan 4,50 meter,menggunakan perkerasan aspal sehingga ini menggunakan Metode Analisa Komponen bina Marga. sebagai akibatnya perencana haruslah menghasilkan jalan sinkron dengan spesifikasi yg diterapkan sehingga jalan itu aman digunakan oleh pengendara serta tidak rusak dalam waktu cepat. berdasarkan hasil analisa dan perhitungan, maka jalan ini termasuk kedalam jalan kolektor.Tebal perkerasan buat jalan ini ialah lapisan AC-WC sebesar 5 cm, Lapisan Agregat Kelas A sebesar 20 centimeter, dan Lapisan Agregat Kelas B sebesar 15 centimeter.
SOLUSI NUMERIK PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL BIASA ORDE TINGGI MELALUI PENDEKATAN METODE BEDA PUSAT NEWTON
Authors: Sitompul Hery Andi , Siahaan Enzo W. B. 
Published: September 2023

Solusi numerik dari sebuah model persamaan diferensial biasa sangat dibutuhkan pada saat solusi eksak sulit didapatkan, sehingga para ilmuwan berusaha untuk mengembangkan berbagai metode atau teknik numerik untuk aproksimasi solusi eksak tersebut. Terdapat beberapa metode numerik untuk menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial biasa orde tinggi, walaupun tidak sebanyak metode numerik untuk orde satu atau orde dua. Metode beda Newton sudah sangat populer untuk interpolasi nilai sebuah polinom dimana hasilnya sangat baik. Dengan menganggap bahwa persamaan diferensial biasa orde tinggi adalah merupakan sebuah polinom maka skema metode beda Newton terkhusus beda pusat akan dapat digunakan untuk aproksimasi solusi persamaan diferensial biasa dan hasil yang diperoleh dalam kajian ini sangat baik jika dibandinggak dengan solusik eksak.
دور المعلم في تطوير المنهج الدراسي لتعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Anita Lailatul Fahrun Nisa'  , Nur Ahid Nur Ahid 
Published: September 2023

يسير تطور العلم جنبًا إلى جنب مع تطور التكنولوجيا التي لها تأثير على تطوير حياة الإنسان. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، أدت هذه التطورات إلى تغيير في المنظور في تطبيق الأهداف التعليمية ، وخاصة التعليم الوطني الإندونيسي. تطوير المنهج الدراسي هو تصميم فرص التعليم التي تهدف إلى توجيه الطلاب نحو التغييرات المطلوبة وتقييم مدى حدوث هذه التغييرات في الطلاب. استعدادًا لتطبيق المنهج وتطويره ، يجب على معلمي اللغة العربية معرفة واجباتهم في تحويل معارفهم إلى الطلاب. يجب على المعلمين تطبيق واجباتهم كمعلمين وموجهين للطلاب في تعلم العلوم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يستخدم المعلمون أيضًا بيئة تعليمية مبتكرة وخلاقة لتعظيم تعلم اللغة العربية في المدرسة من أجل تحقيق أقصى قدر من النجاح في التعليم . واجب المعلم بصفته منشئ المنهج الدراسي للفصل يعني أن المعلم يترجم ويصف ويحول القيم الواردة في المنهج للطلاب. يشمل دور المعلم في تطوير المناهج أربعة أشياء ، وهي: 1) المنفذون ، 2) المحولات ، 3) المطورون ، 4) الباحثون.
تحليل أنواع المجازفي سورة البقرة
Authors: Mulloh Tamim , Deviana Ade destri , Latif Abdul 
Published: September 2023

Majaz adalah lafal yang dipergunakan bukan pada makna aslinya dikarenakan adanya suatu hubungan (alaqah) serta tanda atau indikator (qarinah) yang mengalihkan pemahaman seseorang untuk sampai kepada makna aslinya. Majaz menjadi bagian keindahan kata yang terdapat pada bahasa Indonesia juga. Penelitian ini menselaraskan majaz bahasa Arab dengan bahasa Indonesia, untuk memudahkan pemahaman pelajar dalam mempelajari majaz, terutama mahasiswa. Analasisi ini dilakukan pada Surah Al Baqarah yang memiliki ungkapan-ungkapan majaz yang bukan makna aslinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data merujuk pada kitab kitab tafsir dan balaghah untuk mengetahui makna asli ungkapan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ayat-ayat yang memuat majaz dan jenis majaz dalam surah Al-Baqarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis konten. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan ada 29 Majaz dengan jenis majaz aqli Majaz aqli (antropomorfisme) ada 2, Majaz mursal (metonimia) ada 3, majaz mursal bi al alaqah (sinekdok) ada 4, Isti’arah tashrihiyyah wa maknawiyyah (metafora) ada 15, isti’arah tabi’iyyah (personifikasi) ada 2, dan Isti’arah tamtsiliyyah wa al-akhar ada 5.
Data Sourcing and the Exposition of Fake Financial News at Kenya’s Standard Newspaper
Authors: Kwemoi Mark , Mberia Hellen , Bosire Julius 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the sway that data sourcing has on the exposition of fake financial news at Standard Newspaper, Kenya’s oldest print media.
Methods: The research, which was of concurrent mixed design, was conducted between October 2022 and December 2022. It involved financial news editors, reporters and graphic designers drawn from The Standard, The Saturday Standard and The Sunday Standard. Participants were enlisted through criterion-i purposeful sampling in the research whose structured and semi-structured data were gathered concurrently through face-to-face, telephone and electronic mail. Responses were organised systematically informed by the objective of the research. Thereafter, the quantitative and qualitative data were analysed separately before the pair of data were compared and integrated, and later interpreted.
Findings: The study established that data sourcing has a huge sway in the generation of fake financial news at the Standard Newspaper.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study showed that how the media arranges, structures and packages and delivers content has a sway on the public, hence validating the Framing Theory. The outcome will guide media actors to pay for more focus on content sourcing for it informs the final output of the media.
Stand-alone virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for social anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rejbrand Christian , Fure Brynjar , Sonnby Karin 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Social anxiety is common and can have far-reaching implications for affected individuals, both on social life and working performance. Usage of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) has gained traction. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of stand-alone VRET on social anxiety symptoms.
Method: We searched systematically in PubMed, Embase, PSYCinfo, and ERIC in May 2022 for studies with participants with social anxiety symptoms receiving stand-alone VRET. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies in a two-step procedure, and the risk of bias was assessed.
Results: Of 158 hits, 7 studies were selected for full-text reading, 6 were chosen for evaluation, and 5 were included in meta-analyses. VRET resulted in a significantly lower anxiety score in treated individuals with a standard mean difference of −0.82, 95% confidence interval –1.52 to –0.13, compared to controls.
Conclusion: Stand-alone VRET may reduce social anxiety symptoms. However, despite promising results, there is still uncertainty as the effect estimate is based on few studies with few participants each and a high risk of bias.
Actividad Emprendedora Temprana en Ecuador y su desempeño en la economía 2019-2020
Authors: Sandoya Valero Elsy Carlota , Beltrán Mora Marola Narcisa , Haz Cadena Yomara Paola , Camacho Coloma Tulio Telesforo 
Published: September 2023

En la actualidad una de las actividades clave en el desarrollo económico y social de una región es el emprendimiento, por su alto componente de innovación en sus productos y servicios, los cuales buscan satisfacer las necesidades y exceder las expectativas de los consumidores. Esto conlleva a un desarrollo en la productividad de una nación, mostrando las fortalezas de la población. El propósito de este estudio es examinar la Actividad Emprendedora Temprana en Ecuador y cómo se ha desempeñado en la economía del país en el período 2019 – 2020. Se realizará una revisión de la literatura y registros estadísticos para evaluar el comportamiento de los emprendimientos en el país.