bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-articular Therapies for Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Update
Authors: Oo Win Min , Hunter J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the review
This narrative review highlights recent literature pertaining to available intra-articular (IA) therapeutics such as corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cells therapy, and prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis (OA) by summarizing recently published treatment guidelines and clinical trials, and discusses opinion and future directions.

Recent findings
IA corticosteroid has questionable long-term efficacy in head-to-head comparisons with IA PRP, ketorolac, or normal saline. Combination therapy of IA corticosteroid plus HA may be more effective than a single IA corticosteroid therapy. Significant symptomatic improvement for at least 6 months was detected for combined therapies of IA HA with PRP or diclofenac, compared with single IA HA therapy in small studies. Conflicting results were reported over IA PRP using a variety of comparators such as IA HA, ozone, and normal saline, as well as over IA stem cell therapies, urgently necessitating the standardization of PRP and stem cell products. Prolotherapy may be effective in single or combination regimes in small studies. None of the IA therapies demonstrated serious adverse effects, such as septic arthritis. These findings should be interpreted with caution as the included studies show conflicting results as well as several methodological flaws such as small sample size, short-term follow-ups, a lack of control group and absence of structural evaluations.

Summary
Collectively, these studies have demonstrated the need for further confirmation studies and highlighted the issues of standardization of PRP and stem cell therapies, the placebo effects and cost-effectiveness of IA therapeutics.
Urbanisation and Geographical Signatures in Observed Air Temperature Station Trends Over the Mediterranean and the Middle East–North Africa
Authors: Hadjinicolaou Panos , Tzyrkalli Anna , Zittis George , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe update observed temperature trends in the Mediterranean and the Middle East–North Africa (MENA) region, assess their temporal and spatial features and investigate possible influences from urbanisation. Monthly mean temperature time-series of 370 stations are acquired from the CRUTEM4.6 and GSOD datasets and converted into suitable format for statistical analysis. The calculated annual and seasonal temperature linear trends for 1981–2020 indicate a strong warming with a MENA station average annual trend equal to $$0.36 ^\circ {\hbox {C}}$$

0
.

36
∘

C

/decade and a faster warming rate for spring ($$0.43 ^\circ {\hbox {C}}$$

0
.

43
∘

C

/decade) and summer ($$0.45 ^\circ {\hbox {C}}$$

0
.

45
∘

C

/decade). These trends are correlated with longitude, revealing faster warming rates over the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. The stations are characterised as rural or urban centre with the use of the Global Human Settlement Model (GHS-SMOD) spatial grid that accounts for population, city size and shape for the year 2000. The trend derived for the urban centre stations is an annually averaged $$0.1 ^\circ {\hbox {C}}$$

0
.

1
∘

C

/decade greater than for the rural or all stations, and more prominent during summer and autumn. Hence a discernible, but small, urbanisation signature is revealed.
On evolving environment of 2D P colonies: ant colony simulation
Authors: Langer Miroslav , Valenta Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractP colonies are very simple membrane systems originally derived from the P systems. The 2D P colonies, as a version of P colonies with a two-dimensional environment, were introduced as a theoretical model of the multi-agent system for observing the behavior of a community of very simple agents living in a shared environment. Each agent is equipped with a set of programs consisting of a small number of simple rules. These programs allow the agent to act and move in the environment. Although, the 2D P colonies proved to be suitable for the simulations of various (not only) multi-agent systems, and natural phenomena, like the flash floods, there are phenomena which they are not able to simulate without some additional features or characteristics. One of the ways the agents can share the information is to use the stigmergy, which means to leave some special symbols in the environment. In this paper, we follow our previous research on the 2D P colony. We present a model of the 2D P colony with evolving environment, which allows us to simulate phenomena like the stigmergy, hence to simulate an ant colony.
Anticoagulant use in older persons at risk for falls: therapeutic dilemmas—a clinical review
Authors: Mitchell Anneka , Elmasry Yasmin , van Poelgeest Eveline , Welsh Tomas J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this clinical narrative review was to summarise the existing knowledge on the use of anticoagulants and potential adverse events in older people at risk of falls with a history of atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. The review also offers practical steps prescribers can take when (de-)prescribing anticoagulants to maximise safety.

Methods
Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase and Scopus. Additional articles were identified by searching reference lists.

Results
Anticoagulants are often underused in older people due to concerns about the risk of falls and intracranial haemorrhage. However, evidence suggests that the absolute risk is low and outweighed by the reduction in stroke risk. DOACs are now recommended first line for most patients due to their favourable safety profile. Off-label dose reduction of DOACs is not recommended due to reduced efficacy with limited reduction in bleeding risk. Medication review and falls prevention strategies should be implemented before prescribing anticoagulation. Deprescribing should be considered in severe frailty, limited life expectancy and increased bleeding risk (e.g., cerebral microbleeds).

Conclusion
When considering whether to (de-)prescribe anticoagulants, it is important to consider the risks associated with stopping therapy in addition to potential adverse events. Shared decision-making with the patient and their carers is crucial as patient and prescriber views often differ.
SEML: Self-Supervised Information-Enhanced Meta-learning for Few-Shot Text Classification
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Guimin , Li Yiqun , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Yabing , Li Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraining a deep-learning text classification model usually requires a large amount of labeled data, yet labeling data are usually labor-intensive and time-consuming. Few-shot text classification focuses on predicting unknown samples using only a few labeled samples. Recently, metric-based meta-learning methods have achieved promising results in few-shot text classification. They use episodic training in labeled samples to enhance the model’s generalization ability. However, existing models only focus on learning from a few labeled samples but neglect to learn from a large number of unlabeled samples. In this paper, we exploit the knowledge learned by the model in unlabeled samples to improve the generalization performance of the meta-network. Specifically, we introduce a novel knowledge distillation method that expands and enriches the meta-learning representation with self-supervised information. Meanwhile, we design a graph aggregation method that efficiently interacts the query set information with the support set information in each task and outputs a more discriminative representation. We conducted experiments on three public few-shot text classification datasets. The experimental results show that our model performs better than the state-of-the-art models in 5-way 1-shot and 5-way 5-shot cases.
Empirical study to understand marketing influence of environmental impact assessment on end users in UAE
Authors: Joghee Shanmugan , Kabiraj Sajal , Ramakrishnan Swamynathan , Alzoubi Haitham M. , Alshurideh Muhammad Turki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) evaluates a development's potential effects on the environment while considering relevant socioeconomic, cultural, and human health effects (both positive and negative). This research has intended to analyze the effect of environmental impact assessment on end users in UAE. For this purpose, a descriptive research method was utilized. A well-structured questionnaire was framed, and the responses were evaluated by 5-points Likert scale. A random sampling method was implemented to select the sample of 1020 end users. Statistical techniques like percentage analysis, mean score, standard deviation, chi-square test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were carried out to examine sample’s data. The research was able to confirm high-level effect of environmental impact assessment among end users. Existing homes that have been made more environmentally friendly perform better and last longer. Therefore, the use of both forms of green building should be stimulated by the government, who should also make improvements to the marketing strategy and increase spending on environmentally friendly construction methods to bring down the price of green buildings.
The Dielectric Properties of Martian Regolith at the Tianwen‐1 Landing Site
Authors: Zhang Ling , Xu Yi , Liu Renrui , Chen Ruonan , Bugiolacchi Roberto , Gao Rui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMars' surface is characterized by a weathered layer of regolith and exposed rock exposures that are the results of long‐term geological processes. The Mars Rover Penetrating Radar (RoPeR) on board the Zhurong rover of China's first Mars mission (Tianwen‐1) has been investigating the fine structure and dielectric properties of the martian regolith in the southern Utopia Planitia. The permittivity of the regolith within 5 m of the landing zone is , and the average loss tangent is 0.0060 ± 0.0002, 0.0087 ± 0.0002, and 0.0114 ± 0.0002 using the geometric compensation of R2, R3, R4, respectively. The permittivity distribution map has been derived to show permittivity varying with depth and location. The high dispersion of both permittivity and loss tangent values along the traverse path indicates relatively heterogeneous material distribution on the landing site compared to an airless body such as the Moon.
Sensitivity of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink to the Ocean Skin in a Climate Model
Authors: Bellenger Hugo , Bopp Laurent , Ethé Christian , Ho David , Duvel Jean Philippe , Flavoni Simona , Guez Lionel , Kataoka Takahito , Perrot Xavier , Parc Laetitia , Watanabe Michio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ocean skin is composed of thin interfacial microlayers of temperature and mass of less than 1 mm where heat and chemical exchanges are controlled by molecular diffusion. It is characterized by a cooling of ∼−0.2 K and an increase in salinity of ∼0.1 g/kg (absolute salinity) relative to the water below. A surface observation‐based air‐sea CO2 flux estimate considering the variation of the CO2 concentration in these microlayers has been shown to lead to an increase in the global ocean sink of the anthropogenic CO2 by +0.4 PgC yr−1 (15% of the global sink). This study analyzes this effect in more details using a 15‐year (2000–2014) simulation from an Earth System Model (ESM) that incorporates a physical representation of the ocean surface layers (diurnal warm layer and rain lenses) and microlayers. Results show that considering the microlayers increases the simulated global ocean carbon sink by +0.26 to +0.37 PgC yr−1 depending on assumptions on the chemical equilibrium. This is indeed about 15% of the global sink (2.04 PgC yr−1) simulated by the ESM. However, enabling the ocean skin adjustment to feedback on ocean carbon concentrations reduces this increase to only +0.13 (±0.09) PgC y−1. Coupled models underestimate the ocean carbon sink by ∼5% if the ocean skin effect is not included.
Positive Feedback of Dust Direct Radiative Effect on Dust Emission in Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Zhou Chenglong , Liu Yuzhi , Yang Xinghua , Zhu Qingzhe , Alam Khan , Yang Fan , Ali Mamtimn , Huo Wen , He Qing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDust direct radiative effect (DDRE) can modify the near‐surface air temperature, which can in turn influence dust emission. However, the feedback mechanism of DDRE on dust emission is poorly understood. In this study, the influence of DDRE on dust emission in Taklimakan Desert (TD) was investigated using comprehensive ground‐based observations. The results show that the near‐surface air temperature significantly decreased as a result of DDRE, corresponding to dust emission enhanced. Statistically, the contributions of DDRE to dust emission during light, moderate, and heavy dusty episodes were 5.0% (3.6%), 5.2% (2.8%), and 6.1% (3.3%) in spring (summer), respectively. From the perspective of mechanism, DDRE can induce an increase in air density by cooling the near‐surface, causing an enhancement of aerodynamic drag, promoting dust emission in TD. Such positive feedback of DDRE on dust emission may be a potential contributor to improving the dust emission scheme of numerical modeling in the future.
Investigation of the GOLD Observed Merged Nighttime EIA With WACCM‐X Simulations During the Storm of 3 and 4 November 2021
Authors: Wu Kun , Qian Liying , Wang Wenbin , Cai Xuguang , Mclnerney Joseph M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring the storm on 3 and 4 November 2021, the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission observed well separated equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests post sunset on 3 November, but merged EIA on 4 November. We used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended to simulate the EIA structures during the two nights. The simulations show two separated post sunset EIA crests on 3 November but merged post sunset EIA crests on 4 November, which are qualitatively consistent with the GOLD observations. Numerical simulations and Ionospheric Connection Explorer neutral wind observations illustrate that the formation of merged EIA crests was due to several hours of downward E B drifts before and after sunset. Further diagnostic analysis revealed that it was mainly driven by westward electric fields caused by the disturbance dynamo electric field during the recovery phase of the storm.
An Updated Estimate of the Indonesian Throughflow Geostrophic Transport: Interannual Variability and Salinity Effect
Authors: Guo Yaru , Li Yuanlong , Cheng Lijing , Chen Gengxin , Liu Qinyan , Tian Tian , Hu Shijian , Wang Jing , Wang Fan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile the pivotal role of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in the global ocean circulation and climate has been widely recognized, accurate estimation of its volume transport based on observational data remains challenging. This work provides an updated estimate of the monthly ITF geostrophic transport (ITFG) in the upper 700 m at the IX1 section between Indonesia and Australia. The ITFG estimate is better constrained by improved data correction and new salinity data products. The mean ITFG of 1993–2018 is 8.2 ± 0.2 Sv, in which contributions of the temperature and salinity components (ITFT and ITFS) are 5.5 ± 0.2 and 2.8 ± 0.1 Sv, respectively. The interannual variability (∼4.4 Sv in standard deviation) is dominated by ITFT, as the result of wind‐driven thermocline dynamics, and slightly attenuated in amplitude by ITFS. The strengthening trend of 1.33 Sv decade−1 during 1993–2018 primarily arises from ITFS and secondarily from ITFT.
How Important Are Horizontal Eddy Moisture Transports for the MJO's Eastward Propagation?
Authors: Tulich S. N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe eastward propagation of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) is known to hinge crucially on the effects of horizontal moisture advection, which involve two main types of circulation anomalies. The first are those of the MJO itself, while the second are those of embedded Rossby‐type “eddies,” which tend to be most active to the west of the MJO's convective center. To quantify the relative importance of the eddies, a novel approach is taken in which their formal definition is given by the residual of a least‐squares fit to an observed bivariate MJO index. Results show that the eddies, when defined in this way, are generally of leading importance for fostering the MJO's eastward propagation in terms of column‐integrated moisture. The picture is seen to be reversed, however, when using a traditional filter‐based method to define the eddies, which are then strictly “high‐frequency” in nature.
A Precipitation Isotopic Response in 2014–2015 to Moisture Transport Changes in the Central Himalayas
Authors: Axelsson Josefine , Gao Jing , Eckhardt Sabine , Cassiani Massimo , Chen Deliang , Zhang Qiong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe impact of moisture transport and sources on precipitation stable isotopes (δ18O and d‐excess) in the central Himalayas are crucial to understanding the climatic archives. However, this is still unclear due to the lack of in‐situ observations. Here we present measurements of stable isotopes in precipitation at two stations (Yadong and Pali) in the central Himalayas during 2014–2015. Combined with simulations from the dispersion model FLEXPART, we investigate effects on precipitation stable isotopes related to changes in moisture sources and convections in the region, and possible influence by El Niño. Our results suggest that the moisture supplies related to evaporation over northeastern India and moisture losses related to convective activities over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Bangladesh region play important roles in changes in δ18O and d‐excess in precipitation in the Yadong Valley. Outgoing longwave radiation and moisture flux divergence analysis further confirm that the contribution from continental evaporation dominates the moisture supply in the central Himalayas with a lesser contribution from convection over the BoB during the 2015 monsoon season compared with 2014. A change in the altitude effect is observed in 2015, which is more significant than the temperature and precipitation amount effect during the observation period. These findings provide valuable insights into climatic interpretations of paleo‐isotopic archives with an isotopic response to changes in moisture transport to the central Himalayas.
Machine learning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: new approaches toward understanding the neural mechanisms
Authors: Cao Meng , Martin Elizabeth , Li Xiaobo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder in children and has a high chance of persisting in adulthood. The development of individualized, efficient, and reliable treatment strategies is limited by the lack of understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms. Diverging and inconsistent findings from existing studies suggest that ADHD may be simultaneously associated with multivariate factors across cognitive, genetic, and biological domains. Machine learning algorithms are more capable of detecting complex interactions between multiple variables than conventional statistical methods. Here we present a narrative review of the existing machine learning studies that have contributed to understanding mechanisms underlying ADHD with a focus on behavioral and neurocognitive problems, neurobiological measures including genetic data, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), task-based and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalogram, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and prevention and treatment strategies. Implications of machine learning models in ADHD research are discussed. Although increasing evidence suggests that machine learning has potential in studying ADHD, extra precautions are still required when designing machine learning strategies considering the limitations of interpretability and generalization.
A Mendelian randomization study of genetic liability to post-traumatic stress disorder and risk of ischemic stroke
Authors: Soremekun Opeyemi , Musanabaganwa Clarisse , Uwineza Annette , Ardissino Maddalena , Rajasundaram Skanda , Wani Agaz H. , Jansen Stefan , Mutabaruka Jean , Rutembesa Eugene , Soremekun Chisom , Cheickna Cisse , Wele Mamadou , Mugisha Joseph , Nash Oyekanmi , Kinyanda Eugene , Nitsch Dorothea , Fornage Myriam , Chikowore Tinashe , Gill Dipender , Wildman Derek E. , Mutesa Leon , Uddin Monica , Fatumo Segun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObservational studies have shown an association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and ischemic stroke (IS) but given the susceptibility to confounding it is unclear if these associations represent causal effects. Mendelian randomization (MR) facilitates causal inference that is robust to the influence of confounding. Using two sample MR, we investigated the causal effect of genetic liability to PTSD on IS risk. Ancestry-specific genetic instruments of PTSD and four quantitative sub-phenotypes of PTSD, including hyperarousal, avoidance, re-experiencing, and total symptom severity score (PCL-Total) were obtained from the Million Veteran Programme (MVP) using a threshold P value (P) of <5 × 10−7, clumping distance of 1000 kilobase (Mb) and r2 < 0.01. Genetic association estimates for IS were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium (Ncases = 34,217, Ncontrols = 406,111) for European ancestry individuals and from the Consortium of Minority Population Genome-Wide Association Studies of Stroke (COMPASS) (Ncases = 3734, Ncontrols = 18,317) for African ancestry individuals. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach as the main analysis and performed MR-Egger and the weighted median methods as pleiotropy-robust sensitivity analyses. In European ancestry individuals, we found evidence of an association between genetic liability to PTSD avoidance, and PCL-Total and increased IS risk (odds ratio (OR)1.04, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.007–1.077, P = 0.017 for avoidance and (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.010–1.040, P = 7.6 × 10−4 for PCL total). In African ancestry individuals, we found evidence of an association between genetically liability to PCL-Total and reduced IS risk (OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.923–0.991, P = 0.01) and hyperarousal (OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.691–0.991, P = 0.039) but no association was observed for PTSD case-control, avoidance, or re-experiencing. Similar estimates were obtained with MR sensitivity analyses. Our findings suggest that specific sub-phenotypes of PTSD, such as hyperarousal, avoidance, PCL total, may have a causal effect on people of European and African ancestry’s risk of IS. This shows that the molecular mechanisms behind the relationship between IS and PTSD may be connected to symptoms of hyperarousal and avoidance. To clarify the precise biological mechanisms involved and how they may vary between populations, more research is required.