bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalized monitoring of ambulatory function with a smartphone 2-minute walk test in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lam Ka-Hoo , Bucur Ioan Gabriel , van Oirschot Pim , de Graaf Frank , Strijbis Eva , Uitdehaag Bernard , Heskes Tom , Killestein Joep , de Groot Vincent 
Published: February 2023

Background: Remote smartphone-based 2-minute walking tests (s2MWTs) allow frequent and potentially sensitive measurements of ambulatory function. Objective: To investigate the s2MWT on assessment of, and responsiveness to change in ambulatory function in MS. Methods: One hundred two multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 24 healthy controls (HCs) performed weekly s2MWTs on self-owned smartphones for 12 and 3 months, respectively. The timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were assessed at 3-month intervals. Anchor-based (using T25FW and EDSS) and distribution-based (curve fitting) methods were used to assess responsiveness of the s2MWT. A local linear trend model was used to fit weekly s2MWT scores of individual patients. Results: A total of 4811 and 355 s2MWT scores were obtained in patients ( n = 94) and HC ( n = 22), respectively. s2MWT demonstrated large variability (65.6 m) compared to the average score (129.5 m), and was inadequately responsive to anchor-based change in clinical outcomes. Curve fitting separated the trend from noise in high temporal resolution individual-level data, and statistically reliable changes were detected in 45% of patients. Conclusions: In group-level analyses, clinically relevant change was insufficiently detected due to large variability with sporadic measurements. Individual-level curve fitting reduced the variability in s2MWT, enabling the detection of statistically reliable change in ambulatory function.
The ShortversusLong Antibiotic Course for Pleural Infection Management (SLIM) randomised controlled open-label trial
Authors: Hassan Maged , Gad-Allah Mohamed , El-Shaarawy Basma , El-Shazly Asmaa M. , Daneshvar Cyrus , Sadaka Ahmed S. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionBased on expert opinion, the length of antibiotic treatment for pleural infection in adults is typically recommended to be a minimum of 4 weeks. This clinical trial aimed to assess whether shorter antibiotic courses lead to more treatment failures than standard longer courses.MethodsIn an open-label randomised controlled trial, adult patients with pleural infection who were medically treated and stabilised within 14 days of admission were randomised to either a short antibiotic course (total course 14–21 days) or a long antibiotic course (total course 28–42 days). Patients were excluded if their baseline RAPID score was >4 (high-risk category). The primary outcome was the incidence of treatment failure by 6 weeks post-admission. Secondary outcomes were total length of antibiotic treatment, proportion of patients who resumed normal activity levels within 6 weeks post-admission, time from discharge to resuming normal activity levels and incidence of antibiotic-related adverse reactions.ResultsBetween September 2020 and October 2021, 50 patients (mean±sdage 46±13.7 years; 35 (70%) males) were recruited to the trial and randomly assigned to the short course group (n=25) or the long course group (n=25), with outcome data available for 24 patients in each study group. Treatment failure occurred in four (16.7%) patients in the short course group and three (12.5%) patients in the long course group. In the intention-to-treat analysis the OR for treatment failure in the long course group was 0.714 (95% CI 0.142–3.600; p=0.683). The median (interquartile range) duration of antibiotic treatment in the short course group was 20.5 (18–22.5) days compared with 34.5 (32–38) days in the long course group (p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the other outcomes.ConclusionsIn medically treated adult patients with pleural infection a long course of antimicrobial therapy did not lead to fewer treatment failures compared with a shorter course. These findings need to be confirmed in a larger multicentre trial.
A copper foam-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate for glucose detection
Authors: Peng Wang , Xu Zhihan , Jia Xiangting , Liao Qingxi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRaman spectroscopy can quickly achieve non-destructive, qualitative and quantitative detection, and analysis the molecular structure of substances. Herein, a facile and low-cost method for preparation of highly sensitivity SERS substrates was implemented through the displacement reaction of copper foam immersed in AgNO3 ethanol solution. Due to the 3D structure of copper film and homogenous displacement, the Ag–Cu substrate showed high performance SERS enhancement (1.25 × 107), and the lowest detection concentration for R6G reached 10–10 Mol/L. For glucose detection, mixed decanethiol (DT)/mercaptohexanol (MH) interlayer was used to enable glucose attach to the substrate surface, and the limit of detection reached to 1 uM/L. SERS substrate makes the Ag–Cu SERS substrate promising for biological applications.
Influence of inflammation on bleeding and wound healing following surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars
Authors: Cheng Yusheng , Al-Aroomi Maged Ali , Al-Worafi Naseem Ali , Al‑Moraissi Essam Ahmed , Sun Changfu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effect of inflammatory states following impacted lower third molar (ILTM) surgery regarding postoperative bleeding and wound healing.

Methods
The study included patients who underwent extraction of ILTMs associated with or without inflammatory conditions. Post-extraction bleeding and wound healing were assessed. In addition, mean grey values (MGVs) of alveolar bone and bone height using an orthopantomography radiograph were analyzed.

Results
A total of 376 patients were enrolled; 171 pericoronitis, 51 pulpitis, 44 chronic periapical periodontitis, 36 chronic periodontitis, and 74 control. The bleeding score in the control group was significantly lower than in the periapical periodontitis and periodontitis groups. Excellent wound healing for control, pericoronitis, pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, and periodontitis groups was (78.38%, 35.67%, 70.59%, 70.45%, and 33.33%, respectively). Patients with pericoronitis and periodontitis had significantly poorer wound healing (P < 0.01). The MGV in periapical periodontitis and periodontitis was considerably lower than in the control group.

Conclusions
The inflammatory conditions associated with ILTMs increase the risk of bleeding. So suturing with the placement of local hemostatic agents over a pressure pack alone is recommended. The poorest wound healing was in localized gingival inflammation. Furthermore, MGV was affected by age and was lower with periapical periodontitis.
Need for integration of hepatitis C (HCV) services in community-based settings for people who inject drugs: results from a global values and preferences survey
Authors: Di Ciaccio M. , Villes V. , Perfect C. , El Kaim J. L. , Donatelli M. , James C. , Easterbrook P. , Delabre R. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo inform the development of updated World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on simplified service delivery for HCV infection, a global survey was undertaken among people affected or infected by HCV. The objective of this analysis is to identify specific needs and preferences among people who inject drugs.MethodsA multi-country, anonymous, self-administered online survey conducted in 2021 was developed by Coalition PLUS and the World Hepatitis Alliance in partnership with the WHO. Preferences for test and treat locations and simplifying HCV care were collected among people affected or infected by HCV. Chi-square tests were used to compare respondents who identified with current or former injection drug users through identification with key population to other respondents who did not identify with this key population.ResultsAmong 202 respondents, 62 (30.7%) identified with current/former injection drug users. Compared to other respondents, they were: older [median (IQR): 48 (36–57) vs. 39 (31–51) years,p = 0.003]; more likely to have been tested for HCV (90.2% vs. 64.3%,p = 0.001); more likely to prefer testing in a community-based centre (CBC) (55.4% vs. 33.3%,p = 0.005); or in a support centres for people who use drugs (SCPUD)(50.0% vs. 9.8%,p < 0.001). The most important considerations regarding testing locations among people identified with current/former injection drug users (compared to the other respondents) were: non-judgemental atmosphere (p < 0.001), anonymity (p = 0.018) and community worker (CW) presence (p < 0.001). People identified with current/former injection drug users were more likely to prefer to receive HCV treatment in a CBC (63.0% vs. 44.8%,p = 0.028) or in a SCPUD (46.3% vs. 9.5%,p < 0.001), compared to the other respondents. The most important considerations regarding treatment locations among people identified with current/former injection drug users were the non-stigmatising/non-judgemental approach at the site (p < 0.001) and the presence of community-friendly medical personnel or CW (p = 0.016 and 0.002), compared to the other respondents.ConclusionThe preferences of people identified with current/former injection drug users indicated specific needs concerning HCV services. Integration of HCV services in community-based risk reduction centres may be an important element in the development of adapted services to increase uptake and retention in HCV care among this population.
Ultra-sensitive isotope probing to quantify activity and substrate assimilation in microbiomes
Authors: Kleiner Manuel , Kouris Angela , Violette Marlene , D’Angelo Grace , Liu Yihua , Korenek Abigail , Tolić Nikola , Sachsenberg Timo , McCalder Janine , Lipton Mary S. , Strous Marc 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Stable isotope probing (SIP) approaches are a critical tool in microbiome research to determine associations between species and substrates, as well as the activity of species. The application of these approaches ranges from studying microbial communities important for global biogeochemical cycling to host-microbiota interactions in the intestinal tract. Current SIP approaches, such as DNA-SIP or nanoSIMS allow to analyze incorporation of stable isotopes with high coverage of taxa in a community and at the single cell level, respectively, however they are limited in terms of sensitivity, resolution or throughput.

Results
Here, we present an ultra-sensitive, high-throughput protein-based stable isotope probing approach (Protein-SIP), which cuts cost for labeled substrates by 50–99% as compared to other SIP and Protein-SIP approaches and thus enables isotope labeling experiments on much larger scales and with higher replication. The approach allows for the determination of isotope incorporation into microbiome members with species level resolution using standard metaproteomics liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) measurements. At the core of the approach are new algorithms to analyze the data, which have been implemented in an open-source software (https://sourceforge.net/projects/calis-p/). We demonstrate sensitivity, precision and accuracy using bacterial cultures and mock communities with different labeling schemes. Furthermore, we benchmark our approach against two existing Protein-SIP approaches and show that in the low labeling range used our approach is the most sensitive and accurate. Finally, we measure translational activity using 18O heavy water labeling in a 63-species community derived from human fecal samples grown on media simulating two different diets. Activity could be quantified on average for 27 species per sample, with 9 species showing significantly higher activity on a high protein diet, as compared to a high fiber diet. Surprisingly, among the species with increased activity on high protein were several Bacteroides species known as fiber consumers. Apparently, protein supply is a critical consideration when assessing growth of intestinal microbes on fiber, including fiber-based prebiotics.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that our Protein-SIP approach allows for the ultra-sensitive (0.01 to 10% label) detection of stable isotopes of elements found in proteins, using standard metaproteomics data.
Alleviation of the adverse effects of NaCl stress on tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Trichoderma viride through the antioxidative defense system
Authors: Metwally Rabab A. , Soliman Shereen A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Trichoderma viride are well known for their biocontrol capabilities, but little is known about how they stimulate plant development and increase their resistance to salt stress. One of the main abiotic factors limiting crop development and yield is salt stress. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to ascertain how NaCl effects on T. viride growth as well as on the seedlings morphological and physio-biochemical parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under plate culture conditions. Additionally, a pot experiment was conducted to determine how T. viride affected the development characteristics of tomato plants subjected to various salt concentrations (50 and 100 mM NaCl). T. viride's contribution to tomato seedling stress tolerance was also closely examined.

Results
Results showed that 100 mM NaCl decreased the colony diameter of T. viride by 13.4% compared to the control. Under plate and greenhouse conditions, tomato seedlings exposed to salt exposure exhibited an overall decline in growth. Also, a reduction in relative water content (RWC) and protein contents occurred under salt stress. At the same time, increases were found in proline, total phenolics, flavonoids, H2O2 content, malondialdehyde, likewise the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes. Even though, with T. viride application, the salt negative effects on both morphological and physio-biochemical parameters were mitigated to a greater extent. T. viride increased proline and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in tomato seedlings at 100 mM NaCl by an average of 20.66 and 43.82% compared to their comparable control. T. viride increased the activities of CAT, PPO, and APX enzymes by 74.6, 58.48, and 61.61% at 50 mM NaCl compared to non-saline control seedlings. As well, T. viride decreased MDA and H2O2 contents by an average of 14 and 24.8% in tomato seedlings at 50 mM NaCl compared to their comparable control. Also, under 100 mM NaCl, the T. viride-treated tomato seedlings showed increased total phenolics (17.85%) and flavonoids (33.17%) compared to non- treated one.

Conclusion
Hence, our research sheds new insight on the pathways by which T. viride can boost tomato seedling tolerance to salt stress at morphological and physio-biochemical levels by activating both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems.
Using an ensemble machine learning model to delineate groundwater potential zones in desert fringes of East Esna-Idfu area, Nile valley, Upper Egypt
Authors: Morgan Hesham , Madani Ahmed , Hussien Hussien M. , Nassar Tamer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe effects of climate change and rapid population growth increase the demand for freshwater, particularly in arid and hyper-arid environments, considering that groundwater is an essential water resource in these regions. The main focus of this research was to generate a groundwater potential map in the Center Eastern Desert, Egypt, using a random forest classification machine learning model. Based on satellite data, geological maps and field survey, fifteen effective features influencing groundwater potentiality were created. These effective features include elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, terrain ruggedness index, curvature, lithology, lineament density, distance from major fractures, topographic wetness index, stream power index, drainage density, rainfall, as well as distance from rivers and channels, soil type and land use/land cover. Collinearity analysis was used for feature selection. A 100 dependent points (57 water points and 43 non-potential mountainous areas) were labeled and classified according to hydrogeological conditions in the three main aquifers (Basement, Nubian and Quaternary Aquifers) in the study area. The random forest algorithm was trained using (70%) of the dependent points. Then, it was validated using (30%) and the hyper-parameters were optimized. Groundwater potential map was predicted and classified as good (5.1%), moderate (0.1%), poor (4.2%) and non-potentiality (90.6%). Sensitivity (92%), F1-score (94%) and accuracy (97%) are validation methods used due to the imbalanced dataset problem. The most important effective features for groundwater potential map were determined based on the random forest and the receiver operating characteristics curve. Groundwater management sustainability was discussed based on the predicted groundwater potential map and aquifer conditions. Therefore, the random forest model is helpful for delineating groundwater potential zones and can be used in similar locations all over the world.
Free‐floating medial meniscus implant kinematics do not change after simulation of medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy and notchplasty
Authors: Sukopp Matthias , Shemesh Maoz , Pruech Elena , Linder‐Ganz Eran , Hacker Scott , Condello Vincenzo , Schwer Jonas , Ignatius Anita , Dürselen Lutz , Seitz Andreas Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this in‐vitro study was to examine the kinematics of an artificial, free‐floating medial meniscus replacement device under dynamic loading situations and different knee joint states.MethodsA dynamic knee simulator was used to perform dynamic loading exercises on three neutrally aligned and three 10° valgus aligned (simulating a medial openwedge high tibial osteotomy ‐ MOWHTO) left human cadaveric knee joints. The knee joints were tested in three states (intact, conventional notchplasty, extended notchplasty) while 11 randomised exercises were simulated (jump landing, squatting, tibial rotation and axial ground impacts at 10°, 30° and 60° knee joint flexion) to investigate the knee joint and implant kinematics by means of rigidly attached reflective marker sets and an according motion analysis.ResultsThe maximum implant translation relative to the tibial plateau was < 13 mm and the maximum implant rotation was < 19° for all exercises. Both, the notchplasties and the valgus knee alignment did not affect the device kinematics.ConclusionsThe results of the present in‐vitro study showed that the non‐anchored free‐floating device remains within the medial knee joint gap under challenging dynamic loading situations without indicating any luxation tendencies. This also provides initial benchtop evidence that the device offers suitable stability and kinematic behaviour to be considered a potential alternative to meniscus allograft transplantation in combination with an MOWHTO, potentially expanding the patient collective in the future.
Mesentero-axial gastric volvulus treated with laparoscopic gastropexy: a case report
Authors: Kawahara Masato , Maruyama Tsunehiko , Kaneko Yoshiki , Konno Naoaki , Kashimura Hiroshi , Oda Tatsuya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Mesentero-axial gastric volvulus (MAGV) is an uncommon subtype of gastric volvulus (GV). However, reports of such cases in adult patients are very rare. We present an unusual case of idiopathic MAGV in an old woman.

Case presentation
An 84-year-old woman was referred to the emergency department for vomiting and abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a mesentero-axial gastric volvulus, which could be corrected endoscopically, and the symptoms were relieved. Contrast-enhanced examination was performed before the elective surgery to confirm the presence of short-axis dorsal 180-degree volvulus. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery on a wait-and-watch basis. After releasing the torsion, the stomach returned to normal position. The gastric fornix was sutured to the left diaphragm and the gastric body and antrum were sutured to the abdominal wall using non-absorbable thread. Symptoms did not flare after the surgery.

Conclusions
We experienced a rare case of adult MAGV presenting with incomplete obstruction. Laparoscopic gastropexy is useful when gastric decompression is achieved.
Drug-loaded microbubble delivery system to enhance PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy with remodeling immune microenvironment
Authors: Zheng Jun , Huang Ju , Zhang Liang , Wang Mengna , Xu Lihong , Dou Xiaoyun , Leng Xiaojing , Fang Mingxiao , Sun Yang , Wang Zhigang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Although programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed cell death-ligand protein 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade immunotherapy demonstrates great promise in cancer treatment, poor infiltration of T cells resulted from tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) and insufficient accumulation of anti-PD-L1 (αPD-L1) in tumor sites diminish the immune response. Herein, we reported a drug-loaded microbubble delivery system to overcome these obstacles and enhance PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy.

Methods
Docetaxel (DTX) and imiquimod (R837)-loaded microbubbles (RD@MBs) were synthesized via a typical rotary evaporation method combined with mechanical oscillation. The targeted release of drugs was achieved by using the directional "bursting" capability of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology. The antitumor immune response by RD@MBs combining αPD-L1 were evaluated on 4T1 and CT26 tumor models.

Results
The dying tumor cells induced by DTX release tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), together with R837, promoted the activation, proliferation and recruitment of T cells. Besides, UTMD technology and DTX enhanced the accumulation of αPD-L1 in tumor sites. Moreover, RD@MBs remolded TIME, including the polarization of M2-phenotype tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to M1-phenotype, and reduction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The RD@MBs + αPD-L1 synergistic therapy not only effectively inhibited the growth of primary tumors, but also significantly inhibited the mimic distant tumors as well as lung metastases.

Conclusion
PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy was enhanced by RD@MBs delivery system.
The challenge of cognitive science for medical diagnosis
Authors: Croskerry Pat , Campbell Samuel G. , Petrie David A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe historical tendency to view medicine as both an art and a science may have contributed to a disinclination among clinicians towards cognitive science. In particular, this has had an impact on the approach towards the diagnostic process which is a barometer of clinical decision-making behaviour and is increasingly seen as a yardstick of clinician calibration and performance. The process itself is more complicated and complex than was previously imagined, with multiple variables that are difficult to predict, are interactive, and show nonlinearity. They appear to characterise a complex adaptive system. Many aspects of the diagnostic process, including the psychophysics of signal detection and discrimination, ergonomics, probability theory, decision analysis, factor analysis, causal analysis and more recent developments in judgement and decision-making (JDM), especially including the domain of heuristics and cognitive and affective biases, appear fundamental to a good understanding of it. A preliminary analysis of factors such as manifestness of illness and others that may impede clinicians’ awareness and understanding of these issues is proposed here. It seems essential that medical trainees be explicitly and systematically exposed to specific areas of cognitive science during the undergraduate curriculum, and learn to incorporate them into clinical reasoning and decision-making. Importantly, this understanding is needed for the development of cognitive bias mitigation and improved calibration of JDM in clinical practice.