bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konsep Yesus Kristus Sebagai Adam Kedua Menurut Cyril Alexandria
Authors: Dorohungi Nixon 
Published: March 2023

The coming of Jesus Christ to the world as the second Adam is a gift from God who is also a sacrifice to replace humans with punishment and suffering. Because the failure of the first Adam made human nature sinful and the Holy Spirit departed from within humans, so that humans could not experience God's grace. This second Adam concept gives an important point that the first Adam failed because he disobeyed Allah but this second Adam succeeded in obeying Allah. By becoming human He restored sinful human nature and He restored the Holy Spirit in the believer and gave a new humanity. Therefore, everything that Jesus Christ did by becoming a human, experiencing suffering, death, crucifixion and arriving at the resurrection shows that as the second Adam He really did restore humans or restore humans to how God originally created humans. Thus every believer has a new nature, a new life, which is a place where the Holy Spirit can work to channel the gift of salvation. This study uses the literature study method which is a relevant method in conducting research on the concept of the second Adam which leads to the conclusion that it was the second Adam who brought humans back to God.AbstrakKedatangan Yesus Kristus kedunia sebagai Adam kedua adalah anugerah Tuhan yang sekaligus menjadi korban untuk mengantikan manusia menjalani hukuman dan penderitaan. Oleh karena kegagalan Adam pertama membuat kodrat manusia itu berdosa dan Roh kudus itu pergi dari dalam diri manusia, sehinga manusia tidak bisa mengalami anugerah Tuhan. Konsep Adam kedua ini memberikan poin penting bahwa Adam pertama itu gagal karena tidak taat pada Allah tetapi Adam kedua ini berhasil untuk taat pada Allah. Dengan menjadi manusia Dia memulihkan kodrat manusia yang berdosa dan Dia mengembalikan Roh Kudus itu dalam diri orang percaya dan memberikan kemanusiaan yang baru. Oleh sebab itu segalah yang dilakukan oleh Yesus Kristus dengan menjadi manusia, mengalami penderitaan, kematian, penyaliban dan sampai pada kebangkitan itu menunjukan bahwa sebagai Adam kedua Dia benar-benar memulihkan manusia atau mengembalikan manusia sebagaimana awal Tuhan menciptakan manusia. Dengan demikian setiap orang percaya itu memiliki kodrat yang baru, kehidupan yang baru, yang menjadi tempat dimana Roh Kudus itu bisa bekerja untuk menyalurkan anugerah keselamatan. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode studi pustaka yang merupakan metode yang relefan dalam melakukan penelitian tentang konsep Adam kedua yang mengarahkan pada kesimpulan bahwa Adam kedualah yang membawa kembali manusia kepada Allah.
Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Keluarga di Era Digital Membangun Remaja Bijak Menggunakan Media Sosial
Authors: Meilani Meilani , Fernando Andreas 
Published: March 2023

The presence of social media as one of the technological advances has changed the way the world communicates and shares information. The development of this technology accelerates and facilitates human access from any part of the world in communicating, but also brings negative impacts and dangers to its users, especially teenagers as the highest users of social media. Teenagers who are unstable individuals, will be very easily affected by the bad influence of the content displayed on social media. The purpose of this writing is to examine the phenomenon that arises in teenagers due to social media, also explaining that the Christian family plays a role to build teenagers to be wise in using social media. Research methods are literature studies with qualitative approaches. The result of this study is that first, parents must be the role models in using the social media so that adolescents see real wise actions in using the internet. Second, directed surveillance of adolescent activities in cyberspace must be carried out by parents to protect and build their level of vigilance when accessing social media. Third, parents are obliged to direct teenagers to become social media as a tool to strengthen their faith in trust and love for God.AbstrakKehadiran media sosial sebagai salah satu kemajuan teknologi telah mengubah cara dunia berkomunikasi dan berbagi informasi. Perkembangan teknologi ini mempercepat dan mempermudah akses manusia dari belahan dunia manapun dalam berkomunikasi, tetapi juga membawa dampak negatif dan bahaya bagi para penggunanya terutama remaja sebagai pengguna tertinggi media sosial. Remaja sebagai pribadi yang masih labil, akan dengan mudah terdampak pengaruh buruk dari konten yang ditampilkan media sosial. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk meneliti fenomena yang timbul pada remaja akibat media sosial, juga menjelaskan peran PAK keluarga dalam membangun remaja menjadi bijak menggunakan media sosial yang ada. Metode penelitian ini adalah melalui studi pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini pertama, orangtua harus menjadi panutan dalam menggunakan media sosial agar remaja melihat tindakan bijak yang nyata dalam menggunakan internet. Kedua, pengawasan terarah terhadap aktivitas remaja di dunia maya harus dilakukan oleh orangtua untuk melindungi mereka dari kejahatan di dunia maya ketika mengakses media sosial. Ketiga, orangtua wajib mengarahkan remaja untuk menggunakan media sosial sebagai alat untuk tujuan membangun kerohanian, memperkuat iman dan kasih mereka kepada Allah.
Utilisation of Fishtail Palm (Caryota urens L.) in Tribal Area of Andhra Pradesh – Present Status and Scope
Authors: Vengaiah P. C. , Kumari B. V. , Murthy G. N. , Prasad K. R. 
Published: March 2023

Fishtail palm (Caryota urens) are well known landscaping plants today and is widespread in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. They are multipurpose species with a variety of applications and thus very heavily utilized. Caryota urens, known as Jirika in Andhra Pradesh and Giraka in Telangana states, is a native rainforest species of tropical Asia. It is also one of the most common trees in the perennial forest gardens of high altitude areas of southern India. Also called as fishtail palm or sago palm and is traditionally tapped for sap from which alcoholic beverages are prepared. Tapping palms is the domain of tribal people in local area of Andhra Pradesh who are traditionally involved in tapping and utilisation. This paper focuses on the traditional knowledge from tappers pertaining to management of palm, its uses and tapping activities. The potential economic value of fishtail palm is assessed. The ecological and economic importance of developing markets for fishtail or sago palm.
Fishtail palm will yield throughout the year like coconut palms, but during periods of high humidity and rain, the supply of sap increases noticeably. Tribal men used to climb the palms for tapping, and women process for cleaning and transfer into vessels for transport and sells the toddy at nearby huts and road side. Each tribal family gets an income of 30000 to 50000 per year from each palm which is considered as family tree for tribal community in agency area.
A time of change
Authors: Lawson John A , Saville Alan , Engl Rob , Bicket Andrew , Bishop Rosie , Dean Valerie , Hastie Mhairi 
Published: March 2023

In 1995 small-scale excavations undertaken at Cramond, Edinburgh revealed a number of pit and post hole features related to temporary or intermittent Mesolithic occupation. These features and associated deposits produced sizeable assemblages of charred plant remains and lithic material.
Cramond appears to be the first of an increasing number of securely dated narrow-blade microlithic sites excavated in recent times along the Forth Littoral. Together with substantial house sites such as Echline Fields, East Barns and Howick, Cramond produced a narrow-blade microlithic industry associated with occupation during the mid-9th millennium BC. As such it remains the earliest narrow-blade type assemblage yet discovered in Britain and provides a jumping off point for the discussion of Mesolithic responses to a rapidly changing environment in terms of population movement and technological change.
Cost-effectiveness of Dental Workforce Expansion Through the National Health Service Corps and Its Association With Oral Health Outcomes Among US Children
Authors: Choi Sung Eun , Shen Ye , Wright Davene R. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceDespite considerable efforts to improve oral health for all, large disparities remain among US children. A dental professional shortage is thought to be among the determinants associated with oral health disparities, particularly for those residing in underserved communities.ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of expanding the dental workforce through the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) and associations with oral health outcomes among US children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to estimate changes in total costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) produced by increasing the NHSC funding for dental practitioners by 5% to 30% during a 10-year period. A microsimulation model of oral health outcomes using a decision analytic framework was constructed based on oral health and dental care utilization data of US children from 0 to 19 years old. Data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2016) were linked to county-level dentist supply and oral health professional shortage areas (HPSAs) information. Changes in prevalence and cumulative incidence of dental caries were also estimated. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of results to variation in model input parameters. Data analysis was conducted from August 1, 2021, to November 1, 2022.ExposuresExpanding dental workforce through the NHSC program.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChanges in total QALYs, costs, and dental caries prevalence and cumulative incidence.ResultsThis simulation model informed by NHANES data of 10 780 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.6 [0.1] years; 5326 [48.8%] female; 3337 [weighted percentage, 57.9%] non-Hispanic White individuals) found that when funding for the NHSC program increased by 10%, dental caries prevalence and total number of decayed teeth were estimated to decrease by 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82-1.00) percentage points and by 0.70 (95% CI, 0.62-0.79) million cases, respectively. When funding for the NHSC program increased between 5% and 30%, the estimated decreases in number of decayed teeth ranged from 0.35 (95% CI, 0.27-0.44) to 2.11 (95% CI, 2.03-2.20) million cases, total QALY gains ranged from 75.76 (95% CI, 59.44-92.08) to 450.50 (95% CI, 434.30-466.69) thousand QALYs, and total cost savings ranged from $105.53 (95% CI, $70.14-$140.83) to $508.23 (95% CI, $598.91-$669.22) million among children residing in dental HPSAs from a health care perspective. Benefits of the intervention accrued most substantially among Hispanic children and children in low-income households.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision analytic model suggests that expanding the dental workforce through the NHSC program would be associated with cost savings and a reduced risk of dental caries among children living in HPSAs.
Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Wei Xueyun , Lin Bingquan , Huang Yan , Yang Shunyu , Huang Chensihan , Shi Linna , Liu Deying , Zhang Peizhen , Lin Jiayang , Xu Bingyan , Guo Dan , Li Changwei , He Hua , Liu Shiqun , Xue Yaoming , Xu Yikai , Zhang Huijie 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceThe efficacy and safety of time-restricted eating (TRE) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain uncertain.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of TRE vs daily calorie restriction (DCR) on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content and metabolic risk factors among patients with obesity and NAFLD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 12-month randomized clinical trial including participants with obesity and NAFLD was conducted at the Nanfang Hospital in Guangzhou, China, between April 9, 2019, and August 28, 2021.InterventionsParticipants with obesity and NAFLD were randomly assigned to TRE (eating only between 8:00 am and 4:00 pm) or DCR (habitual meal timing). All participants were instructed to maintain a diet of 1500 to 1800 kcal/d for men and 1200 to 1500 kcal/d for women for 12 months.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was change in IHTG content measured by magnetic resonance imaging; secondary outcomes were changes in body weight, waist circumference, body fat, and metabolic risk factors. Intention-to-treat analysis was used.ResultsA total of 88 eligible patients with obesity and NAFLD (mean [SD] age, 32.0 [9.5] years; 49 men [56%]; and mean [SD] body mass index, 32.2 [3.3]) were randomly assigned to the TRE (n = 45) or DCR (n = 43) group. The IHTG content was reduced by 8.3% (95% CI, −10.0% to −6.6%) in the TRE group and 8.1% (95% CI, −9.8% to −6.4%) in the DCR group at the 6-month assessment. The IHTG content was reduced by 6.9% (95% CI, −8.8% to −5.1%) in the TRE group and 7.9% (95% CI, −9.7% to −6.2%) in the DCR group at the 12-month assessment. Changes in IHTG content were comparable between the 2 groups at 6 months (percentage point difference: −0.2; 95% CI, −2.7 to 2.2; P = .86) and 12 months (percentage point difference: 1.0; 95% CI, −1.6 to 3.5; P = .45). In addition, liver stiffness, body weight, and metabolic risk factors were significantly and comparably reduced in both groups.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong adults with obesity and NAFLD, TRE did not produce additional benefits for reducing IHTG content, body fat, and metabolic risk factors compared with DCR. These findings support the importance of caloric intake restriction when adhering to a regimen of TRE for the management of NAFLD.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03786523 and NCT04988230
Origin of Hole‐Trapping States in Solution‐Processed Copper(I) Thiocyanate and Defect‐Healing by I2 Doping
Authors: Worakajit Pimpisut , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Thanasarnsurapong Thanasee , Waiprasoet Saran , Nakajima Hideki , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich , Boonchun Adisak , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolution‐processed copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) typically exhibits low crystallinity with short‐range order; the defects result in a high density of trap states that limit the device's performance. Despite the extensive electronic applications of CuSCN, its defect properties are not understood in detail. Through X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, pristine CuSCN prepared from the standard diethyl sulfide‐based recipe is found to contain under‐coordinated Cu atoms, pointing to the presence of SCN− vacancies. A defect passivation strategy is introduced by adding solid I2 to the processing solution. At small concentrations, the iodine is found to exist as I− which can substitute for the missing SCN− ligand, effectively healing the defective sites and restoring the coordination around Cu. Computational study results also verify this point. Applying I2‐doped CuSCN as a p‐channel in thin‐film transistors shows that the hole mobility increases by more than five times at the optimal doping concentration of 0.5 mol.%. Importantly, the on/off current ratio and the subthreshold characteristics also improve as the I2 doping method leads to the defect‐healing effect while avoiding the creation of detrimental impurity states. An analysis of the capacitance‐voltage characteristics corroborates that the trap state density is reduced upon I2 addition.
Skin‐Mountable Vibrotactile Stimulator Based on Laterally Multilayered Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Son Jonghyun , Lee Siyoung , Bae Geun Yeol , Lee Giwon , Duduta Mihai , Cho Kilwon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSkin‐stimulation technology has attracted intense attention for virtual/augmented reality applications and tactile‐feedback systems. However, bulky, heavy, and stiff characteristics of existing skin‐stimulating devices limit their wearability and comfort, thus disturbing the immersive experience of users. This study presents a new type of thin and lightweight dielectric elastomer actuator for developing a skin‐mountable vibrotactile stimulator. A new methodology is suggested to enhance the operating efficiency of dielectric elastomer actuators based on a laterally aligned dielectric multilayer structure (≈900 layer) with short dielectric distance (≈10 µm) and a soft elastomer/ionic liquid composite with low modulus and high dielectric constant. With the improved structural/material properties, the flexible actuator exhibits high displacements at low operating voltage (<200 V) over a wide frequency range (≈800 Hz). Therefore, the finger‐band type vibrotactile stimulator based on the laterally multilayered dielectric elastomer actuators can exert indentations that have the ability of stimulating all mechanoreceptors in human skin over the full perception frequency/amplitude range. In addition, the actuator shows a high electromechanical stability for long‐term operation due to time‐efficient and precise fabrication process using sophisticated photolithography and secondary sputtering. Therefore, this vibrotactile stimulator shows high promise for use in tactile‐assistive devices, tactile communications, haptic feedback, and beyond.
A Bioinspired Capillary Force‐Induced Driving Strategy for Constructing Ultra‐Low‐Pressure Separation Membranes
Authors: Yang Jing , Lin Ligang , Tang Fengling , Zhang Zixu , Liu Zitian , Xu Meina , Yang Xu , Wang Qiying , He Aishan , Cheng Qi , Wang Chunhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of low‐pressure or pressureless self‐driven membranes is important for saving energy and overcoming the critical trade‐off effect in membrane separation processes. However, conventional self‐driven membranes rely on gravity, which is effective in the separation of large‐sized materials but is still ineffective in the fine separation of small molecules. Herein, inspired by the capillary effect that exists in nature, a capillary force‐induced membrane‐driving strategy for fine separation at ultra‐low pressures is demonstrated. Hydrophilic nanoparticles are prepared by a cross‐linking reaction between tannic acid and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and then introduce them into membrane pores to simulate sand accumulation with an aim to generate the capillary force. The membrane is then used in ultra‐low pressure membrane separation. Interestingly, it is found that the membrane has excellent performance in the separation of dye/salt mixtures (dye rejection > 99%, salt rejection < 10%) and a high permeate flux (160 L m−2 h−1) under near “zero pressure” conditions. Moreover, the structural stability of the membrane is verified. Introducing capillary forces into membranes as an autonomous driving force can be a promising universal approach that can be added up to the toolbox for the efficient preparation of separation membranes.
MXene Functionalized, Highly Breathable and Sensitive Pressure Sensors with Multi‐Layered Porous Structure
Authors: Zheng Xianhong , Zhang Songlin , Zhou Mengjuan , Lu Haibo , Guo Shuai , Zhang Yaoxin , Li Changlong , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBreathable, flexible, and highly sensitive pressure sensors have drawn increasing attention due to their potential in wearable electronics for body‐motion monitoring, human‐machine interfaces, etc. However, current pressure sensors are usually assembled with polymer substrates or encapsulation layers, thus causing discomfort during wearing (i.e., low air/vapor permeability, mechanical mismatch) and restricting their applications. A breathable and flexible pressure sensor is reported with nonwoven fabrics as both the electrode (printed with MXene interdigitated electrode) and sensing (coated with MXene/silver nanowires) layers via a scalable screen‐printing approach. Benefiting from the multi‐layered porous structure, the sensor demonstrates good air permeability with high sensitivity (770.86–1434.89 kPa−1), a wide sensing range (0–100 kPa), fast response/recovery time (70/81 ms), and low detection limit (≈1 Pa). Particularly, this sensor can detect full‐scale human motion (i.e., small‐scale pulse beating and large‐scale walking/running) with high sensitivity, excellent cycling stability, and puncture resistance. Additionally, the sensing layer of the pressure sensor also displays superior sensitivity to humidity changes, which is verified by successfully monitoring human breathing and spoken words while wearing a sensor‐embedded mask. Given the outstanding features, this breathable sensor shows promise in the wearable electronic field for body health monitoring, sports activity detection, and disease diagnosis.
An Intrinsically Nonflammable Electrolyte for Prominent‐Safety Lithium Metal Batteries with High Energy Density and Cycling Stability
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Han Ran , Zhang Haiyang , Huang Dan , Zhang Fengrui , Fu Daosong , Liu Yang , Wei Yumeng , Song Haiqi , Shen Yanbin , Xu Jingjing , Zheng Jieyun , Wu Xiaodong , Li Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNex‐generation high‐energy‐density storage battery, assembled with lithium (Li)‐metal anode and nickel‐rich cathode, puts forward urgent demand for advanced electrolytes that simultaneously possess high security, wide electrochemical window, and good compatibility with electrode materials. Herein an intrinsically nonflammable electrolyte is designed by using 1 M lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) in triethyl phosphate (TEP) and N‐methyl‐N‐propyl‐pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Pyr13][TFSI] ionic liquid (IL) solvents. The introduction of IL can bring plentiful organic cations and anions, which provides a cation shielding effect and regulates the Li+ solvation structure with plentiful Li+‐DFOB− and Li+‐TFSI− complexes. The unique Li+ solvation structure can induce stable anion‐derived electrolyte/electrode interphases, which effectively inhibit Li dendrite growth and suppress side reactions between TEP and electrodes. Therefore, the LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM90)/Li coin cell with this electrolyte can deliver stable cycling even under 4.5 V and 60 °C. Moreover, a Li‐metal battery with thick NCM90 cathode (≈ 15 mg cm−2) and thin Li‐metal anode (≈ 50 µm) (N/P ≈ 3), also reveals stable cycling performance under 4.4 V. And a 2.2 Ah NCM90/Li pouch cell can simultaneously possess prominent safety with stably passing the nail penetration test, and high gravimetric energy density of 470 Wh kg−1 at 4.4 V.
Alkoxy‐ and Alkyl‐Side‐Chain‐Functionalized Terpolymer Acceptors for All‐Polymer Photovoltaics Delivering High Open‐Circuit Voltages and Efficiencies
Authors: Lin Yu‐Che , Chen Chung‐Hao , Tsai Bing‐Shiun , Hsueh Ting‐Fang , Tsao Cheng‐Si , Tan Shaun , Chang Bin , Chang Yu‐Ning , Chu Ting‐Yi , Tsai Ching‐En , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Yang Yang , Wei Kung‐Hwa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new terpolymer acceptor is presented, comprising various ratios of the same dithienothienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole (BTP) core with different side chains—alkoxy side chains (BTPO‐IC) and alkyl side chains (BTP‐IC)—and thiophene units, for use in all‐polymer organic photovoltaics. Devices incorporating binary blends of this terpolymer and the polymer PM6 as the active layer displayed open‐circuit voltages (VOC) that increase linearly upon increasing the molar ratio of BTPO‐IC. For example, the optimized device incorporating PM6:PY‐0.2OBO (i.e., with 20 mol% of BTPO‐IC) (1:1.2 wt.%) blend, with the smallest domain sizes but largest coherence length and combined face‐on and edge‐on orientation fractions among all blends, have a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.7% (VOC = 0.97 V; JSC = 25.2 mA cm−2; FF = 0.68), whereas the device containing a similar blend ratio of the PM6:PY‐OD:PY‐OBO ternary blend (1:0.96:0.24 wt.%) displayed a PCE of 8.6% (VOC = 0.969 V; JSC = 18.7 mA cm−2; FF = 0.48). The device with PM6:PY‐0.2OBO displays better thermal stability than the devices with PM6: PY‐OD or PY‐OBO. Thus, employing terpolymer acceptors with differently functionalized side‐chain units can be an effective approach for simultaneously optimizing the aggregation domain and enhancing the PCEs and thermal stabilities of all‐polymer devices.