bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Nguyen Bao‐Ngoc , Nguyen Le , Mital Shweta , Bugden Shawn , Nguyen Hai V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the relative efficacy of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (nsMRAs) in improving the cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception through 25 November 2022. We selected randomized controlled trials that studied patients with CKD and T2D with a follow‐up of at least 24 weeks and compared SGLT‐2is, GLP‐1RAs and nsMRAs with each other and with placebo. Primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and composite renal outcomes (CRO). Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular death, all‐cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). A frequentist approach was used to pool risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsTwenty‐nine studies with 50 938 participants for MACE and 49 965 participants for CRO were included. SGLT‐2is did not significantly reduce MACE but were associated with significantly lower risks of CRO compared with GLP‐1RAs (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.91; P = .003) and nsMRAs (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68‐0.90; P = .001). Compared with GLP‐1RAs and nsMRAs, SGLT‐2is significantly reduced risks of HFH by 31% (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.88; P = .002) and 22% (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.95; P = .016), respectively, but did not significantly reduce other secondary outcomes. There were no significant differences between GLP‐1RAs and nsMRAs in lowering all outcomes.ConclusionsSGLT‐2is were associated with better cardiorenal protection than GLP‐1RAs and nsMRAs in patients with CKD and T2D.
Incorporating pressure–volume traits into the leaf economics spectrum
Authors: Nadal Miquel , Clemente‐Moreno María J. , Perera‐Castro Alicia V. , Roig‐Oliver Margalida , Onoda Yusuke , Gulías Javier , Flexas Jaume 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, attempts have been made in linking pressure–volume parameters and the leaf economics spectrum to expand our knowledge of the interrelationships among leaf traits. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence for the coordination of the turgor loss point and associated traits with net CO2 assimilation (An) and leaf mass per area (LMA). We measured gas exchange, pressure–volume curves and leaf structure in 45 ferns and angiosperms, and explored the anatomical and chemical basis of the key traits. We propose that the coordination observed between mass‐based An, capacitance and the turgor loss point (πtlp) emerges from their shared link with leaf density (one of the components of LMA) and, specially, leaf saturated water content (LSWC), which in turn relates to cell size and nitrogen and carbon content. Thus, considering the components of LMA and LSWC in ecophysiological studies can provide a broader perspective on leaf structure and function.
Acute truncal ataxia without nystagmus in patients with acute vertigo
Authors: Carmona Sergio , Martínez Carlos , Zalazar Guillermo , Koohi Nehzat , Kaski Diego 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeDifferentiating between peripheral and central aetiologies can be challenging in patients with acute vertigo, given substantial symptom overlap. A detailed clinical history and focused physical eye movement examination such as the HINTS eye examination appear to be the most reliable approach to identify acute cerebellar/brainstem stroke, outperforming even acute brain imaging. We have observed, however, that isolated vertigo of central cause may be accompanied by acute truncal ataxia, in the absence of nystagmus.MethodsWe explored the frequency of ataxia without concurrent nystagmus in a cross section of patients with acute vertigo who presented to the emergency department at two centres in Argentina (Group A) and the UK (Group B). Patients underwent detailed clinical neuro‐otological assessments (Groups A and B), which included instrumented head impulse testing and oculography (Group B).ResultsA total of 71 patients in Group A and 24 patients in Group B were included in this study. We found acute truncal ataxia—without nystagmus—in 15% (n = 14) of our overall cohort. Lesions involved stroke syndromes affecting the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and superior cerebellar artery, thalamic stroke, cerebral hemisphere stroke, multiple sclerosis, and a cerebellar tumour. Additional oculomotor deficits did not reliably identify a central cause in these individuals, even with oculography.ConclusionsWe have identified a significant subpopulation of patients with acute vertigo in whom the current standard approaches such as the HINTS examination that focus on oculomotor assessment may not be applicable, highlighting the need for a formal assessment of gait in this setting.
Classifying the heart sound signals using textural‐based features for an efficient decision support system
Authors: Taneja Kriti , Arora Vinay , Verma Karun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases have surpassed cancer as the leading cause of death on the planet today. Numerous decision‐making systems with computer‐assisted support have been developed to assist cardiologists to detect heart disease, and thus, lowering the mortality rate. The purpose of this research is to classify audio signals received from the heart as normal or abnormal. The PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology (CinC) 2016 benchmark dataset, popularly known as PhysioNet 2016, has been used to validate the proposed methodology presented here. PhysioNet 2016 contains a total of 3200 phonocardiogram (PCG) recordings divided into sub‐datasets A‐F. The state‐of‐the‐art studies conducted till date have not considered the harmonic details of the beat that can be extracted from its equivalent chromagram image. In this work, textural features such as linear binary pattern (LBP), adaptive‐LBP, and ring‐LBP have been extracted from the existing spectrogram and combined with the features extracted from the chromagram. It has been observed that the combination of features extracted from both the image variants has resulted in a greater accuracy as compared to the scenario where researchers were using only the spectrogram. The experiment yielded the mean accuracy, precision, and F1‐score as 94.87, 93.11, and 95.273, respectively. The heart sound classification models employ spectrogram, scalogram, and mel‐spectrogram images to view and analyse the acoustic properties of a PCG signal. Although these visual tools provide useful information about the signal, yet they are unable to distinguish between pitch and resonance in heart sound generation. However, this paper proposes an alternative approach of heart sound signal representation that allows for a more precise measure of pitch‐related changes in the heart sound. Its results highlight the significance of extracting textural features from time‐chroma representation (i.e., chromagram) of PCG signals that have not been explored yet in the domain related to classification of heart sound signals as normal and abnormal.
The realities of problem‐solving for emerging‐adult siblings of individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Graves Jillian M. , Marsack‐Topolewski Christina N. , Chan Keith 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis researchers examined how emerging‐adult siblings of people with schizophrenia navigate problem‐solving and decision‐making.BackgroundNavigating more complex problems is a critical part of emerging adult development, although it can be complicated by stress, conflict, lack of self‐efficacy, and lack of family support. Understanding the development of problem‐solving and decision‐making of emerging‐adult siblings of people with schizophrenia development of these key competencies can aid in understanding how they navigate adulthood while contending with a stressful family environment.MethodIn‐depth interviews with 23 individuals between 18 and 30 years of age were conducted to explore problem‐solving, decision‐making, and family relationships.ResultsFindings suggest that participants who had supportive family or romantic relationships felt as if they were able to resolve their problems. They were likely to use cognitive strategies or advice from other people to resolve their issues. Participants who experienced a lack of support appeared to have more difficulty problem‐solving and decision‐making.ConclusionEmerging‐adult siblings of individuals with schizophrenia who had adequate family or spousal/partner support reported being more successful in formulating a problem‐solving strategy than participants as opposed to those who felt more isolated.ImplicationsThe study has implications for future researchers, such as the examination of other developmental stages and the need to examine why some emerging‐adult siblings were able to develop supportive romantic relationships more easily than participants who had similarly conflictual or ambivalent familial relationships.
A numerical investigation of the interaction between interlaminar and intralaminar damages in a fatigued composite panel
Authors: Russo Angela , Palumbo Concetta , Riccio Aniello 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fatigue behavior of composite materials is still a very challenging issue for the scientific community. So far, several numerical methodologies allow us to faithfully simulate the propagation of delamination due to fatigue. However, the reduction of material properties due to the applied cyclic load should be considered. The main objective of this work is to investigate the role of the material property degradation and the intralaminar damages on the propagation of delamination in composite laminates under fatigue loads. The numerical tool FT‐SMXB, based on the Paris Law and virtual crack closure technique, for the mimic of fatigue‐driven delamination, has been integrated with a user material subroutine, based on the generalized residual material property 7degradation model and the Hashin fatigue failure criteria. Typical aeronautical stiffened panel has been considered as test case. Matrix damages and strength degradation due to fatigue cycles have been found to influence the propagation of delamination.
Fatigue behavior and lifetime assessment of an austenitic stainless steel in the VHCF regime at ambient and elevated temperatures
Authors: Schopf Tim , Weihe Stefan , Daniel Tobias , Smaga Marek , Beck Tilmann 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile the LCF behavior of austenitic steels used in nuclear power plants is already well investigated, the VHCF regime has not been characterized in detail so far. For this, fatigue tests on the metastable austenitic steel AISI 347/1.4550 were performed with a servo‐hydraulic testing system at test frequencies up to 980 Hz and with an ultrasonic fatigue testing system at a test frequency of 20,000 Hz. To compare these test results to the ASME standard fatigue curve (total strain amplitude vs. load cycles to failure), a fictitious‐elastic and an elastically plastic assessment method was used. The elaborated elastic–plastic assessment method generates good results, while a purely elastic assessment in the VHCF regime, commonly used in literature, leads to significantly nonconservative results. Moreover, phase transformation from metastable austenite into stable α′‐martensite can take place, and no specimen failure occurs in the VHCF regime. Consequently, for this material, a real endurance limit exists.
Microbial necromass in cropland soils: A global meta‐analysis of management effects
Authors: Zhou Ranran , Liu Yuan , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Kumar Amit , Wang Jinsong , Tiemann Lisa K. , Zhang Fusuo , Kuzyakov Yakov , Tian Jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrobial necromass is a large and persistent component of soil organic carbon (SOC), especially under croplands. The effects of cropland management on microbial necromass accumulation and its contribution to SOC have been measured in individual studies but have not yet been summarized on the global scale. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 481‐paired measurements from cropland soils to examine the management effects on microbial necromass and identify the optimal conditions for its accumulation. Nitrogen fertilization increased total microbial necromass C by 12%, cover crops by 14%, no or reduced tillage (NT/RT) by 20%, manure by 21%, and straw amendment by 21%. Microbial necromass accumulation was independent of biochar addition. NT/RT and straw amendment increased fungal necromass and its contribution to SOC more than bacterial necromass. Manure increased bacterial necromass higher than fungal, leading to decreased ratio of fungal‐to‐bacterial necromass. Greater microbial necromass increases after straw amendments were common under semi‐arid and in cool climates in soils with pH <8, and were proportional to the amount of straw input. In contrast, NT/RT increased microbial necromass mainly under warm and humid climates. Manure application increased microbial necromass irrespective of soil properties and climate. Management effects were especially strong when applied during medium (3–10 years) to long (10+ years) periods to soils with larger initial SOC contents, but were absent in sandy soils. Close positive links between microbial biomass, necromass and SOC indicate the important role of stabilized microbial products for C accrual. Microbial necromass contribution to SOC increment (accumulation efficiency) under NT/RT, cover crops, manure and straw amendment ranged from 45% to 52%, which was 9%–16% larger than under N fertilization. In summary, long‐term cropland management increases SOC by enhancing microbial necromass accumulation, and optimizing microbial necromass accumulation and its contribution to SOC sequestration requires site‐specific management.
The role of rice cultivation in changes in atmospheric methane concentration and the Global Methane Pledge
Authors: Wang Jinyang , Ciais Philippe , Smith Pete , Yan Xiaoyuan , Kuzyakov Yakov , Liu Shuwei , Li Tingting , Zou Jianwen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResumption of the increase in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations since 2007 is of global concern and may partly have resulted from emissions from rice cultivation. Estimates of CH4 emissions from rice fields and abatement potential are essential to assess the contribution of improved rice management in achieving the targets of the Global Methane Pledge agreed upon by over 100 countries at COP26. However, the contribution of CH4 emissions from rice fields to the resumed CH4 growth and the global abatement potential remains unclear. In this study, we estimated the global CH4 emissions from rice fields to be 27 ± 6 Tg CH4 year−1 in the recent decade (2008–2017) based on the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The trend of CH4 emissions from rice cultivation showed an increase followed by no significant change and then, a stabilization over 1990–2020. Consequently, the contribution of CH4 emissions from rice fields to the renewed increase in atmospheric CH4 concentrations since 2007 was minor. We summarized the existing low‐cost measures and showed that improved water and straw management could reduce one‐third of global CH4 emissions from rice fields. Straw returned as biochar could reduce CH4 emissions by 12 Tg CH4 year−1, equivalent to 10% of the total reduction of all anthropogenic emissions. We conclude that other sectors than rice cultivation must have contributed to the renewed increase in atmospheric CH4 concentrations, and that optimizing multiple mitigation measures in rice fields could contribute significantly to the abatement goal outlined in the Global Methane Pledge.
Use of combined hormonal contraception and stroke: A case‐control study of the impact of migraine type and estrogen dose on ischemic stroke risk
Authors: Batur Pelin , Yao Meng , Bucklan Julia , Soni Payal , Suneja Aarushi , Farrell Ruth , Mays Maryann 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify how factors such as estrogen dose and migraine history (including migraine subtype) impact ischemic stroke risks associated with combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use.BackgroundCHC use in those with migraine with aura has been restricted due to concerns about stroke risk.MethodsWe conducted a case‐control analysis of stroke risk associated with estrogen dose and migraine history among CHC users in a large tertiary care center. All women aged 18–55 who used a CHC between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were identified. Those with a stroke diagnosis were identified using ICD codes and confirmed via chart and imaging review. Details of personal and family medical history, stroke evaluation, ethinyl estradiol dosing (EE; ≥30 vs. <30 μg), and demographics were collected. From a random sample of 20,000 CHC users without stroke, a control cohort (n = 635) was identified and matched based on patient characteristics, medical and family histories, as well as stroke risk factors, to assess association between migraine diagnosis, migraine subtype, estrogen dose, and stroke.ResultsOf the 203,853 CHC users in our cohort, 127 had confirmed stroke (0.06%; CI 0.05%, 0.07%). In unadjusted analyses, a higher number of patients in the case cohort had a diagnosis of migraine (34/127, 26.8%) compared to controls (109/635, 17.2%; p = 0.011). Stroke risk was higher with ≥30‐μg EE doses compared to those using a <30‐μg dose (OR, 1.52; CI 1.02, 2.26; p = 0.040). Compared to no migraine, personal history of migraine increased the odds of stroke (OR, 2.00; CI 1.27, 3.17; p = 0.003). Compared to no migraine, stroke risk was not significantly increased in those with migraine with aura, but migraine without aura increased the risk (OR, 2.35; CI 1.32, 4.2; p = 0.004).ConclusionsOverall stroke risk in our cohort of CHC users was low. When CHCs are used in those with migraine, formulations containing ≤30 μg EE are preferred. Shared decision‐making should include discussions about ischemic stroke risks in patients with migraine, even those without aura.
Woody encroachment affects multiple dimensions of ant diversity in a neotropical savanna
Authors: Neves K. , Santos B. , Schultz T. , Gotzek D. , Abreu R. C. R. , Durigan G. , Vasconcelos H. L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although savanna woody encroachment has become a global phenomenon, relatively little is known about its effects on multiple dimensions and levels of savanna biodiversity.
Using a combination of field surveys, a species‐level phylogeny, and functional metrics drawn from a morphological dataset, we evaluated how the progressive increase in tree cover in a fire‐suppressed savanna landscape affects the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of neotropical ant communities, at both the alpha and beta levels. Ants were sampled along an extensive tree cover gradient, ranging from open savannas to forests established in former savanna areas.
Variation in tree cover had a significant influence on all facets of diversity at the beta level, whereas at the alpha level tree cover variation affected the taxonomic and functional but not the phylogenetic diversity of the ant communities.
In general, ant community responses to variation in tree cover were largely non‐linear as differences in taxonomic alpha diversity and in the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic composition of the sampled communities were often much stronger at the savanna/forest transition than at any other part of the gradient. This indicates that savanna ant communities switch rapidly to an alternative state once the savanna turns into forest.
Ant communities in the newly formed forest areas lacked many of the species typical of the savanna habitats, suggesting that the maintenance of a fire suppression policy is likely to result in a decrease in ant diversity and in the homogenisation of the ant fauna at the landscape scale.
The impact of airborne ultrafine particulate matter on human keratinocyte stem cells
Authors: Labarrade Florian , Meyrignac Céline , Plaza Christelle , Capallere Christophe , Botto Jean‐Marie , Imbert Isabelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveAir pollution is today fully acknowledged to be a significant public health problem. Rapid urbanization exposed us to a variety of unhealthy ambient air pollutants at high concentrations. The emergence of airborne ultrafine particles has added an additional dimension to this already complex problem of air pollution. The skin has different functions, one of them being the protection against the deleterious effect of external agents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of airborne ultrafine particles (UFP) pollution on skin aging and on keratinocyte differentiation.MethodsEx vivo human skin biopsies and cultured keratinocytes stem cells (KSC) were submitted to diesel exhaust‐derived UFP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed with the MitoSOX™ probe. Keratinocyte stemness potential was evaluated by the immunodetection of keratin 15 (K15) and p63 (∆N isoforms). Effect of UFP on the epithelial niche maintenance was evaluated by immunodetection of Sox9. Reconstructed epidermis model was used to assess the impact of UFP on keratinocyte differentiation and aging.ResultsUFP exposure induced ROS production and disturbed K15, ∆Np63 and Sox9 expression in KSC or ex vivo skin. Finally, investigations on reconstructed epidermis revealed a phenotype marked by impaired keratinocyte differentiation.ConclusionThese results indicate that UFP pollution is a potent extrinsic factor of skin aging, affecting the keratinocyte stem cell potential and the skin renewal process.