bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age, period and cohort-related trends in prescription opioid use in the USA, 1999–2018
Authors: Shiue Kristin Y , Austin Anna E , Naumann Rebecca B , Aiello Allison E , Marshall Stephen W , Golightly Yvonne M 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundTo provide insight into the longitudinal dynamics of opioid use throughout the overdose crisis, this study estimated the separate influences of age, period and cohort on prescription opioid use during 1999–2018 in the USA.MethodsData from 10 cycles of the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to conduct an age–period–cohort analysis of the prevalence of prescription opioid use (n=63 500 across 1999–2018). Temporal trends were graphically visualised. The median polish approach was used to estimate age, period and cohort-related effects on prescription opioid use.ResultsPrescription opioid use broadly increased across the lifespan, with steeper prevalence increases observed from young adulthood to mid-adulthood. Period-related variation was consistent with recognised nationwide declines in opioid prescribing. While there was no evidence of systematic cohort effects, compared with individuals born in 1951–1954, those born during 1963–1966 had greater prescription opioid use (prevalence ratio (PR)=1.23, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.43), whereas the 1991–1994 and 1999–2002 cohorts had lower prescription opioid use (PR91-94=0.70, 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.98; PR99-02=0.72, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.81).ConclusionIn the USA, longitudinal trends in prescription opioid use during 1999–2018 were predominantly driven by age and period influences. The cohort of youngest baby boomers experienced greater prescription opioid use, whereas recent-born cohorts have had lower use. As the overdose crisis continues evolving, such population-level characterisations of age, period and cohort dynamics are instrumental in understanding opioid use and can inform prevention and intervention approaches by identifying population groups more likely to use opioids who, thus, may also experience related outcomes.
Rationale and design of the NEO-NORMAL-AF study examination of the usefulness of implantable loop recorder for arrhythmia detection including atrial fibrillation in heart failure with non-reduced ejection fraction cases: a pilot study
Authors: Sugiura Junichi , Kasama Syu , Ueda Tomoya , Nishida Taku , Kawata Hiroyuki , Horii Manabu , Ozu Naoki , Kasahara Masato , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe incidence of arrhythmia in heart failure with non-reduced ejection fraction (HFnon-rEF) in patients who have a history of hospitalisation is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of an implantable loop recorder (ILR) for arrhythmia detection including atrial fibrillation (AF) in HFnon-rEF patients after discharge.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre single arm study to evaluate the usefulness of ILR for detecting arrhythmia. The eligible patients are HFnon-rEF patients (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40%) aged ≥20 years with a history of hospitalisation. The ILR will be implanted for qualified patients, and ECGs will be monitored and recorded for 1 year to check for arrhythmias. The primary endpoint is new-onset 6 min or more persistent AF detected by ILR. Secondary endpoints are 30 s or more persistent supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia, 3 s or more persistent pause, bradycardia with 40 beats per minutes or lower heart rate, AF burden, all-cause death, cardiovascular death, hospital readmission due to exacerbation of HF, acute coronary syndrome, ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, non-pharmacological therapy such as pacemaker implantation and ablation.ConclusionsThis study is expected to provide valuable findings regarding arrhythmia in HFnon-rEF patients, and elucidate a potential new therapeutic approach for HFnon-rEF.Trial registration numberThis trial has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) (Trial Registration: jRCTs052210060).
Cardiac magnetic relaxometry versus ejection fraction in anthracycline-related cardiac changes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Christopher , Pathan Shahab , Jeyaprakash Prajith , Kritharides Leonard , Pathan Faraz , Negishi Kazuaki 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the magnitude of the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) relaxometry techniques soon after the completion of anthracycline therapy. Anthracyclines are associated with myocardial functional and morphological changes. LVEF is currently used to identify the functional changes. Anthracyclines can also cause myocardial inflammation and oedema. This can be assessed using CMR relaxometry techniques; T1 and T2 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) fraction.MethodsThree databases were systematically searched for studies evaluating CMR relaxometry parameter at baseline and 1±1 months after anthracycline completion (the last search date 17 March 2023). CMR parameters pre and post anthracycline-based chemotherapy were abstracted. A random effects model was used to pool mean difference (MD) in LVEF and ECV. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was also calculated for T1 and T2 mapping due to the variations in techniques, normal ranges and for the comparison among the parameters.ResultsA total of 296 patients were included from 10 studies. 84% were female with a mean age of 54.9 years. Statistically significant alterations were observed in LVEF (MD −3.38% (95% CI −5.13%, −1.62%)) and ECV (1.92% (1.30%, 2.53%)). The pooled SMDs were also significant in LVEF, T1, T2 and ECV with −0.61 (–0.91, –0.30), 0.53 (0.16, 0.90), 0.59 (0.22, 0.96) and 0.74 (0.41, 1.06), respectively.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis demonstrated small but significant alterations in CMR relaxometry parameters soon after anthracycline therapy, where ECV was superior to LVEF and T1 or T2 mapping. However, these short-term MDs were below the minimal detectable differences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020196296.
Oral opioid prescribing to active duty US military personnel: a cross-sectional population
Authors: Junge Joshua M , Murray Hailey , Goldman Ashton H , Booth Gregory J , Balazs George C 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionWhile civilian opioid prescriptions have seen a dramatic decline in recent years, there are few studies investigating trends in opioid prescription in the active duty military population. We evaluated oral opioid prescribing patterns to active duty military personnel in the Military Health System (MHS) from 2017 to 2020 to determine the incidence of opioid prescriptions as well as demographic and military-specific risk factors for receiving an oral opioid prescription.MethodsThe MHS Data Repository was queried from 2017 to 2020 to identify all outpatient oral opioid prescriptions to active duty military personnel in August of each year as well as demographic information on the study population. Data were evaluated in a logistic regression model, and ORs of receiving an oral opioid prescription were calculated for each factor.ResultsThe proportion of active duty military personnel receiving an oral opioid prescription declined from 2.71% to 1.26% (53% relative reduction) over the study period. Within the logistic regression model, female military personnel were significantly more likely to receive opioid prescriptions compared with men, and there was a stepwise increase in likelihood of an opioid prescription with increasing age. Army and Marine personnel, personnel without a history of military deployment and those stationed within the continental USA were significantly more likely to receive an opioid prescription.DiscussionThe substantial decrease in oral opioid prescriptions to active duty military personnel mirrors data published in the civilian community. The identified risk factors for receiving an opioid prescription may be potential targets for future interventions to further decrease prescribing.
Impact of sex on spinal radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis: a longitudinal Swiss cohort analysis over a period of 10 years
Authors: Ensslin Caroline , Micheroli Raphael , Kissling Seraphina , Götschi Andrea , Bürki Kristina , Bräm René , de Hooge Manouk , Baraliakos Xenofon , Nissen Michael J , Möller Burkhard , Exer Pascale , Andor Michael , Distler Oliver , Scherer Almut , Ciurea Adrian 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate sex differences in spinal radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsAxSpA patients in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort with available spinal radiographs every 2 years were included. Paired radiographs were scored by two readers according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). Progression was defined as an increase of ≥2 mSASSS units in 2 years. The relationship between sex and progression was investigated with binomial generalised estimating equation models, considering baseline spinal damage as an intermediate covariate. Additional analyses included adjustments for explanatory variables and multiple imputations for missingness.ResultsIn a total of 505 axSpA patients (317 men and 188 women), mean±SD radiographic progression over 2 years was 1.0±2.8 years in men and 0.3±1.1 years in women (p<0.001). Male sex was associated with enhanced progression in a small model not including baseline damage (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.87 to 6.21). Both a direct effect of male sex on spinal progression, and an indirect effect, via enhancement of baseline spinal damage were significant (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.67 and OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, respectively). A significant impact of male sex on spinal radiographic progression was still demonstrated after multiple adjustments for covariates known to potentially affect spinal radiographic progression (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.71).ConclusionsSpinal radiographic progression in axSpA is more severe in men than in women, with three times higher odds of progression in male patients and an effect that is mediated in part through an increase in baseline radiographic damage.
The Pixel Luminosity Telescope: a detector for luminosity measurement at CMS using silicon pixel sensors
Authors: Ayala E. , CarreraJarrin E. , Ahmed I. , Campbell A. , Danilov V. , EstevezBanos L. I. , Giraldi A. , Guthoff M. , Hempel M. , Henschel H. , Knolle J. , Lange W. , Leonard J. , Lohmann W. , Meyer A. B. , Myronenko V. , Penno M. , Ribeiro Lopes B. , Rübenach J. , Saggio A. , Scheurer V. , Sosa Ricardo R. E. , Turkot O. , Walter D. , Kassel F. , Mallows S. , Bartók M. , Chudasama R. , Farkas K. , Fejes M. , Gadallah M. M. A. , Major P. , Mehta A. , Pásztor G. , Rádl A. J. , Veres G. I. , Bakhshiansohi H. , Gholami A. , Khazaie E. , Sedghi M. , Zeinali M. , Fabbri F. , Tosi N. , Bacchetta N. , Trapani P. P. , Daugalas J. , Benitez J. F. , Castaneda Hernandez A. , Encinas Acosta H. A. , Gallegos Maríñez L. G. , León Coello M. , Murillo Quijada J. A. , Sehrawat A. , Valencia Palomo L. , Oropeza Barrera C. , Bheesette S. , Butler A. P. H. , Butler P. H. , Lokhovitskiy A. , Lujan P. , Auzinger G. , Ball A. H. , Çekmecelioğlu Y. C. , Dabrowski A. , Damanakis K. , Donadon Servelle A. , Eble F. , Haranko M. , Hegeman J. , Kessaci K. , Kornmayer A. , Loos R. , Miraglia M. , Nicolini J. , Orfanelli S. , Orsini L. , Petrucci A. , Ryjov V. , Saariokari S. , Schwick C. , Schneider B. , Tsoukias S. , Tsrunchev P. , Wanczyk J. , Zagoździńska-Bochenek A. A. , Zeuner W. D. , Rohe T. , Krintiras G. , Palmer C. , Jain Sh. , Mans J. , Rusack R. , Bueghly J. , Chen Z. , Gunter T. , Odell N. , Pozdnyakov A. , Velasco M. , Harrop B. , Higginbotham S. , Kalogeropoulos A. , Luo J. , Marlow D. , Stickland D. , Xie Z. , Bartz E. , Hidas D. , Karacheban O. , Schnetzer S. , Stone R. , Acharya H. , Delannoy A. G. , Heideman J. , Karunarathna N. , Riley G. , Rose K. , Spanier S. , Thapa K. , Gurrola A. , Johns W. , Romeo F. , Soubasis B. , Farrow M. C. , Azhgirey I. , Ershov A. , Gribushin A. , Kaminskiy A. , Kurochkin I. , Okhotnikov V. , Popova E. , Riabchikova A. , Selivanova D. , Shevelev A. ,   CMS BRIL Collaboration
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Pixel Luminosity Telescope is a silicon pixel detector dedicated to luminosity measurement at the CMS experiment at the LHC. It is located approximately 1.75 m from the interaction point and arranged into 16 “telescopes”, with eight telescopes installed around the beam pipe at either end of the detector and each telescope composed of three individual silicon sensor planes. The per-bunch instantaneous luminosity is measured by counting events where all three planes in the telescope register a hit, using a special readout at the full LHC bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz. The full pixel information is read out at a lower rate and can be used to determine calibrations, corrections, and systematic uncertainties for the online and offline measurements. This paper details the commissioning, operational history, and performance of the detector during Run 2 (2015–18) of the LHC, as well as preparations for Run 3, which will begin in 2022.
Instanton induced spin–spin correlations
Authors: Ryskin M. G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe QCD instanton can be observed at relatively low energies at Nica collider by studying the spin-spin correlations between the incoming proton and the produced $$\Lambda $$
Λ
or $$\Sigma $$
Σ
hyperons (or the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
and $$\bar{\Lambda }$$

Λ

¯

hyperons). Low Nica energy will allow to better record and to measure the polarization of the hyperon originated by the polarized valence quark(s) in the proton fragmentation region.
Biderivations of complete Lie algebras
Authors: Bartolo Alfonso Di , Rosa Gianmarco La 
Published: July 2023

The authors of this article intend to present some results obtained in the study of biderivations of complete Lie algebras. Firstly they present a matricial approach to do this, which was a useful and explanatory tool not only in the study of biderivations but also in the synthesis of these results. Then they study all biderivations of a Lie algebra [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], called complete. Moreover, as an application of the previous result, they describe all biderivations of a semisimple Lie algebra (that are complete), extending a result obtained by Tang in [X. Tang, Biderivations of finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebras, Linear Multilinear Algebra 66(2) (2018) 250–259] that describes all biderivations of a complex simple Lie algebra. And thirdly, results on symmetric and skew-symmetric biderivations are also presented.
Prognostic Power of Quantitative Assessment of Functional Mitral Regurgitation and Myocardial Scar Quantification by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Wang Tom Kai Ming , Kocyigit Duygu , Choi Harry , Anthony Chris M. , Chan Nicholas , Bullen Jennifer , Popović Zoran B. , Kapadia Samir R. , Krishnaswamy Amar , Griffin Brian P. , Flamm Scott D. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Kwon Deborah H. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
The severity classification of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) remains controversial despite adverse prognosis and rapidly evolving interventions. Furthermore, it is unclear if quantitative assessment with cardiac magnetic resonance can provide incremental risk stratification for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) or non-ICM (NICM) in terms of FMR and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). We evaluated the impact of quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance parameters on event-free survival separately for ICM and NICM, to assess prognostic FMR thresholds and interactions with LGE quantification.

METHODS:
Patients (n=1414) undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance for cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction<50%) assessment from April 1, 2001 to December 31, 2017 were evaluated. The primary end point was all-cause death, heart transplant, or left ventricular assist device implantation during follow-up. Multivariable Cox analyses were conducted to determine the impact of FMR, LGE, and their interactions with event-free survival.

RESULTS:

There were 510 primary end points, 395/782 (50.5%) in ICM and 114/632 (18.0%) in NICM. Mitral regurgitation-fraction per 5% increase was independently associated with the primary end point, hazards ratios (95% CIs) of 1.04 (1.01–1.07;
P
=0.034) in ICM and 1.09 (1.02–1.16;
P
=0.011) in NICM. Optimal mitral regurgitation-fraction threshold for moderate and severe FMR were ≥20% and ≥35%, respectively, in both ICM and NICM, based on the prediction of the primary outcome. Similarly, optimal LGE thresholds were ≥5% in ICM and ≥2% in NICM. Mitral regurgitation-fraction×LGE emerged as a significant interaction for the primary end point in ICM (
P
=0.006), but not in NICM (
P
=0.971).

CONCLUSIONS:
Mitral regurgitation-fraction and LGE are key quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance biomarkers with differential associations with adverse outcomes in ICM and NICM. Optimal prognostic thresholds may provide important clinical risk prognostication and may further facilitate the ability to derive selection criteria to guide therapeutic decision-making.
Association of Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction With Patient-Centered Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: El-Sabawi Bassim , Cloud Harrison , Patel Jay N. , Bell Susan P. , Elmariah Sammy , Fearon William F. , Kim Juyong B. , Piana Robert N. , Kapadia Samir R. , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Gillam Linda D. , Whisenant Brian K. , Quader Nishath , Zajarias Alan , Welt Frederick G. , Bavry Anthony A. , Coylewright Megan , Vatterott Anna , Jackson Natalie , Huang Shi , Lindman Brian R. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Depression and cognitive dysfunction (CD) are not routinely screened for in patients before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and their association with postprocedural outcomes is poorly understood. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of depression and CD in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR and evaluate their association with mortality and quality of life.

METHODS:
We analyzed a prospective, multicenter TAVR registry that systematically screened patients for preexisting depression and CD with the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Mini-Cog, respectively. The associations with mortality were assessed with Cox proportional hazard models and quality of life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and EuroQol visual analogue scale) were evaluated using multivariable ordinal regression models.

RESULTS:

A total of 884 patients were included; median follow-up was 2.88 years (interquartile range=1.2–3.7). At baseline, depression was observed in 19.6% and CD in 31.8%. In separate models, after adjustment, depression (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.13–1.86];
P
<0.01) and CD (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.02–1.59];
P
=0.04) were each associated with increased mortality. Combining depression and CD into a single model, mortality was greatest among those with both depression and CD (n=62; HR, 2.06 [CI, 1.44–2.96];
P
<0.01). After adjustment, depression was associated with 6.6 (0.3–13.6) points lower on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire 1-year post-TAVR and 6.7 (0.5–12.7) points lower on the EuroQol visual analogue scale. CD was only associated with lower EuroQol visual analogue scale.

CONCLUSIONS:
Depression and CD are common in patients that undergo TAVR and are associated with increased mortality and worse quality of life. Depression may be a modifiable therapeutic target to improve outcomes after TAVR.
Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Precipitation in the S2S Models
Authors: García-Franco Jorge L. , Lee Chia-Ying , Camargo Suzana J. , Tippett Michael K. , Kim Daehyun , Molod Andrea , Lim Young-Kwon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study evaluates the representation of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) in reforecasts from the Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Prediction Project. The global distribution of precipitation in S2S models shows relevant biases in the multimodel mean ensemble that are characterized by wet biases in total precipitation and TCP, except for the Atlantic. The TCP biases can contribute more than 50% of the total precipitation biases in basins such as the southern Indian Ocean and South Pacific. The magnitude and spatial pattern of these biases exhibit little variation with lead time. The origins of TCP biases can be attributed to biases in the frequency of tropical cyclone occurrence. The S2S models simulate too few TCs in the Atlantic and western North Pacific and too many TCs in the Southern Hemisphere and eastern North Pacific. At the storm scale, the average peak precipitation near the storm center is lower in the models than observations due to a too high proportion of weak TCs. However, this bias is offset in some models by higher than observed precipitation rates at larger radii (300–500 km). An analysis of the mean TCP for each TC at each grid point reveals an overestimation of TCP rates, particularly in the near-equatorial Indian and western Pacific Oceans. These findings suggest that the simulation of TC occurrence and the storm-scale precipitation require better representation in order to reduce TCP biases and enhance the subseasonal prediction skill of mean and extreme total precipitation.
Association of Nicotine Cessation Time on the Incidence of Recurrent Incisional Hernia Repair and Postoperative Surgical Site Occurrences
Authors: McBee Patrick J. , Larsen Nicholas K. , Reilly Matthew J. , Walters Ryan W. , Olson Molly A. , Fitzgibbons Robert J. 
Published: July 2023

Background Nicotine products are believed to be associated with a higher incidence of incisional hernia (IH) recurrence and postoperative complications after IH repair. Methods A retrospective analysis of the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC) database was performed. Outcomes included risk of IH recurrence, 30-day surgical site infection (SSI), and 30-day surgical site occurrence (SSO). Results We included 14,663 patients. Nicotine users who quit within 1 year of surgery had a 26% higher risk of IH recurrence compared to patients who quit more than a year before surgery or never users. Patients who quit using nicotine within 1 year of surgery had a 54% higher odds of SSI compared to former nicotine users who quit more than a year before surgery. Conclusion Former nicotine users with less than 1 year of nicotine use cessation before surgery exhibited worse outcomes than those with more than a year of cessation or no prior use.