bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ketamine, Clonidine, and Fentanyl as Anesthetics in the Pediatric Population: A Review of Literature
Authors: Mohamed Wael Waheed 
Published: August 2023

This literature review examines the evidence on the safety profile and effectiveness of various adjuncts, such as clonidine, fentanyl, and ketamine, in pediatric anesthesia. Several studies were reviewed to evaluate the duration and quality of analgesia provided by these adjuncts, as well as their adverse effects. The results showed that adding clonidine to bupivacaine significantly prolonged the mean duration of analgesia compared to the fentanyl and clonidine groups. Children in the clonidine group also experienced lower pain scores and required fewer rescue medications. Furthermore, clonidine exhibited a higher safety margin with a lower incidence of adverse effects, such as urinary retention and pruritus, compared to other adjuncts. Regarding comparisons between fentanyl and clonidine, intrathecal fentanyl resulted in a better hemodynamic profile but required more propofol for sedation. On the other hand, intrathecal clonidine provided a more favorable sedation level. Adverse events like respiratory obstruction and apnea were more likely associated with deep sedation caused by propofol rather than the specific properties of clonidine or fentanyl.
In terms of ketamine versus clonidine, caudal blocks using ketamine were found to prolong postoperative anesthesia, particularly for lower limb and abdominal surgeries. When comparing the duration of caudal analgesia achieved by bupivacaine combined with different adjuncts, ketamine exhibited a longer duration compared to clonidine and adrenaline. However, ketamine use was found to be linked with a greater incidence of adverse effects, including urinary retention and pruritus.
In conclusion, clonidine demonstrated a relatively higher safety margin with prolonged analgesic effects in pediatric anesthesia compared to fentanyl and ketamine. Its addition to local anesthetics resulted in extended analgesia duration and reduced rescue medication requirements without significant side effects. However, careful monitoring is necessary to manage potential adverse effects.
Clinical and Bacteriological Relevance of Procalcitonin: A Single Center, Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Singh Romya , Sahu Chinmoy , Patel Sangram Singh , Tejan Nidhi , Gurjar Mohan 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Clinical relevance of procalcitonin levels in cases of sepsis due to different pathogens and the relationship between procalcitonin levels and patient outcome has not been widely studied. The aim of this study is tohighlight the clinical relevance of procalcitonin in sepsis due to various pathogens and in patient prognosis.
Methods: In this retrospective observational study 348 cases of sepsis were analysed and their procalcitonin levels were compared with the different pathogens isolated. The patient outcome as 28 day mortality was also compared with different procalcitonin levels which was divided into four groups (group1: <0.5ng/ml, group 2: 0.5 - < 2ng/ml, group 3: 2 - < 10ng/ml, group 4: >= 10ng/ml). Results: The procalcitonin levels were significantly higher in cases of sepsis due to Gram negative bacilli (14.5ng/ml ± 2.8) compared to Gram positive cocci (8.59ng/ml ± 1.5) and yeast (2.96ng/ml ± 0.56). Multiple logistic regression showed significant difference between 28-day mortality and Multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) pathogens (p=0.006) and group 4 procalcitonin (PCT) levels (p=0.033).
Conclusion: The procalcitonin levels were significantly higher in sepsis due to Gram negative bacilli compared to Gram positive cocci, Gram positive bacilli and yeast. The patient clinical outcome observed as 28-day mortality was also higher in group 4 PCT levels (>= 10ng/ml). Thus, we found PCT is a reliable marker for sepsis with Gram negative bacilli and for patient prognosis.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Devi Rajkumari Sarita , Roy Bidhan , Sundarrao Gadge Sushan , Maity Utpal 
Published: August 2023

Aims: Black rice of Manipur is known for its aroma and nutritional quality. As per the reports on tissue culture of rice, callus induction response of traditional cultivars was much lower than the modern high yielding varieties. Considering the importance of the black rice, and effort was taken to standardized callus induction protocol of black rice of Manipur.
Study Design: Complete Randomized Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736165, West Bengal, India, between June 2020 and July 2023.
Methodology: Mature seeds of two black rice varieties used in this work. The seeds were dehusked manually, washed with running tap water. Then sterilized with 1% bavistin and again washed with running tap water. Seeds were surface sterilized with 0.2% HgCl2 for 15 minutes. Sterilised seeds were rinsed with sterile distilled water inside laminar air flow hood. The seeds were blotting dry using autoclaved tissue paper and sterile seeds were cultured with the scutellum pointing up wards on callus induction medium fortified with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators.
Results: MS medium fortified with 2,4-D was found to be better than picloram and TDZ to induce callus and the 2,4-D @ 1.00 mg/L and 2,4-D 2.00 mg/L was found to be the best concentrations. Callus health was also good when MS medium invigorated with 2,4-D.
Conclusion: An efficient embryogenic callus induction and plantlet regeneration protocol for black rice was established by using mature seeds. In callus induction studies, with different concentrations of PGR, 2,4-D, higher callus induction frequency was observed with 1.00 mg/L 2,4-D and 2,4-D @ 2 mg/L for both rice varieties.
Livelihood Security of Agricultural Labourers in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Reddy I. Venkata , Krishna T. Gopi , Gopal P. V. Sathya , Radha Y. , Rao V. Srinivasa 
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh state during the year 2018-20 with an objective to study the livelihood security of agricultural labourers in Andhra Pradesh. An Ex-post facto research design followed for the study. Three districts from the three regions of Andhra Pradesh, Srikakulam from North Coastal, Guntur from South Coastal and Kurnool from Rayalaseema region of the Andhra Pradesh state were purposively selected based on the highest number of agricultural labourers. Two mandals from each region were selected by using simple random sampling. From each of the selected mandal, four villages selected by using simple random sampling procedure coming to a total of 24 villages. From each of the selected village, ten respondents were selected by using simple random sampling procedure thus coming at total of 240 respondents. The results indicated that majority of agricultural labourers in Andhra Pradesh had medium asset security (52.50%), food and nutritional security (41.25%), educational security (62.92%), habitat security (48.34%), social security (63.75%), clothing security (67.50%), (71.66%) health security (67.50%), transport security (60.00%) and information security (64.16%).The Overall Livelihood Security Index of agricultural labourers in Andhra Pradesh was medium (62.92).
Effect of Herbicides Combination on Weed Management and Yield of Direct Wet Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sivanesan M. , Manivannan V. , Kumar G. Prabu , Sritharan N. , Prabu P. C. 
Published: August 2023

Rice is the most stable food crop in the world, especially in Southeast Asia. Different types of methods are used in rice cultivation viz., conventional method and the no-till (direct seeding) method. Now a days, the direct seeding method of rice cultivation is gaining popularity among farmers due to its lower labour and energy requirements. In direct seeding rice weeds are the major hindrance, which compete with crops for important factors such as light, space, nutrient and moisture. To manage the weeds population in direct-seeded rice, a study was conducted in the summer, 2022 to find out the best herbicide combination. The design adopted for this experiment was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The results of the study revealed that a weed free plot (T11) followed by the application of Pretilachlor 50% EC @ 625 g a.i. ha-1 on 3 DAS (Days After Sowing)+ Bispyribac-sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 + Ethoxysulfuron 15% WDG (Water Dispersible Granule) @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (Tank Mix) on 15 DAS and 40 DAS (T9) recorded higher weed control efficiency, lesser weed density and weed dry weight compared to all other treatments. A similar result was observed in yield attributes like number of tillers m-2, number of productive tillers m2, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1, test weight, higher grain and straw yield of direct wet seeded rice.
Evaluation of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars under Different Sowing Dates on Yield and Yield Attributes in Non Traditional Area of Northern Telangana Zone (NTZ)
Authors: Sathwik G. P. , Rajanikanth E. , Sampath O. , Chaitanya K. Krishna 
Published: August 2023

The field experiment entitled “Evaluation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under different sowing dates on yield and yield attributes in non traditional area of Northern Telangana Zone (NTZ)”, an experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Polasa, Jagtial during Rabi, 2022. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with ten treatment combinations by replicating thrice. The treatments includes two factors i.e., factor - 1 having two genotypes G1: ISF-764, G2: TSF-1 and factor -2 having five sowing dates D1: 15th October, D2: 30th October, D3: 15th November, D4: 30th November, D5 : 15th December. Among the genotypes of safflower, TSF-1 recorded higher seed yield (1243 kg ha-1) and yield attributing characters viz.; number of heads plant-1 (26.34), number of seeds head-1 (32.34), seed weight plant-1 (42.01 g), seed index (3.71 g), Stover yield (5386 kg ha-1) and biological yield (6629 kg ha-1) over ISF-764. The result showed that among the different sowings of safflower 30th October sowing was recorded significantly higher Yield and Yield attributing characters viz.; number of heads plant-1 (31.24), number of seeds head-1 (35.16), seed weight plant-1 (47.84 g), seed index (3.77 g), seed yield (1412 kg ha-1), Stover yield (6415 kg ha-1) and biological yield (7827 kg ha-1) as compared to 15th November and 30th November, 15th December sowing date respectively and it is on par with safflower crop sown on 15th October. From the study it can be concluded that the genotype TSF-1 sown on 15th and 30th October performed best among all other treatment combinations.
Demographic and Academic Productivity Trends Among American Head & Neck Society Fellows Over a 20-Year Period
Authors: McCrary Hilary C. , Meeker Molly , Farlow Janice L. , Seim Nolan B. , Old Matthew O. , Ozer Enver , Agrawal Amit , Rocco James W. , Kang Stephen Y. , Bradford Carol R. , Haring Catherine T. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceHistorical data reveal that, compared with women, men are more likely to pursue a head and neck surgical oncology fellowship, but little is known about possible gender differences in academic productivity.ObjectiveTo assess demographic trends and academic productivity among American Head &amp;amp; Neck Society (AHNS) fellowship graduates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used electronically published data from the AHNS on fellowship graduates in the US and Canada from July 1, 1997, to June 30, 2022. Scopus was used to extract h-indices for each graduate.ExposureScholarly activity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes were changes in demographic characteristics and academic productivity among AHNS graduates over time. Data analysis included effect size, η2, and 95% CIs.ResultsA total of 691 AHNS fellowship graduates (525 men [76%] and 166 women [24%]) were included. Over the study period, there was an increase in the number of programs offering a fellowship (η2, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.68-0.89) and an increase in the absolute number of women who completed training (η2, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.38-0.78). Among early-career graduates pursuing an academic career, there was a small difference in the median h-index scores between men and women (median difference, 1.0; 95% CI, −1.1 to 3.1); however, among midcareer and late-career graduates, there was a large difference in the median h-index scores (midcareer graduates: median difference, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-6.8; late-career graduates: median difference, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.0-10.9). A higher percentage of women pursued academic positions compared with men (106 of 162 [65.4%] vs 293 of 525 [55.8%]; difference, 9.6%; 95% CI, −5.3% to 12.3%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study suggests that women in head and neck surgery begin their careers with high levels of academic productivity. However, over time, a divergence in academic productivity between men and women begins to develop. These data argue for research to identify possible reasons for this observed divergence in academic productivity and, where possible, develop enhanced early faculty development opportunities for women to promote their academic productivity, promotion, and advancement into leadership positions.
Geometric Mismatch Promotes Anatomic Repair in Periorbital Bony Defects in Skeletally Mature Yucatan Minipigs
Authors: Singh Srujan , Zhou Yuxiao , Farris Ashley L. , Whitehead Emma C. , Nyberg Ethan L. , O'Sullivan Aine N. , Zhang Nicholas Y. , Rindone Alexandra N. , Achebe Chukwuebuka C. , Zbijewski Wojciech , Grundy Will , Garlick David , Jackson Nicolette D. , Kraitchman Dara , Izzi Jessica M. , Lopez Joseph , Grant Michael P. , Grayson Warren L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPorous tissue‐engineered 3D‐printed scaffolds are a compelling alternative to autografts for the treatment of large periorbital bone defects. Matching the defect‐specific geometry has long been considered an optimal strategy to restore pre‐injury anatomy. However, studies in large animal models have revealed that biomaterial‐induced bone formation largely occurs around the scaffold periphery. Such ectopic bone formation in the periorbital region can affect vision and cause disfigurement. To enhance anatomic reconstruction, geometric mismatches are introduced in the scaffolds used to treat full thickness zygomatic defects created bilaterally in adult Yucatan minipigs. 3D‐printed, anatomically‐mirrored scaffolds are used in combination with autologous stromal vascular fraction of cells (SVF) for treatment. An advanced image‐registration workflow is developed to quantify the post‐surgical geometric mismatch and correlate it with the spatial pattern of the regenerating bone. Osteoconductive bone growth on the dorsal and ventral aspect of the defect enhances scaffold integration with the native bone while medio‐lateral bone growth leads to failure of the scaffolds to integrate. A strong positive correlation is found between geometric mismatch and orthotopic bone deposition at the defect site. The data suggest that strategic mismatch >20% could improve bone scaffold design to promote enhanced regeneration, osseointegration, and long‐term scaffold survivability.
Substrate‐Dependent Anisotropy and Damping in Epitaxial Bismuth Yttrium Iron Garnet Thin Films
Authors: Fakhrul Takian , Khurana Bharat , Nembach Hans Toya , Shaw Justin M. , Fan Yabin , Riley Grant A. , Liu Luqiao , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIron garnets that combine robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) with low Gilbert damping are desirable for studies of magnetization dynamics as well as spintronic device development. This paper reports the magnetic properties of low‐damping bismuth‐substituted iron garnet thin films (Bi0.8Y2.2Fe5O12) grown on a series of single‐crystal gallium garnet substrates. The anisotropy is dominated by magnetoelastic and growth‐induced contributions. Both stripe and triangular domains form during field cycling of PMA films, with triangular domains evident in films with higher PMA. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements show damping as low as 1.3 × 10−4 with linewidths of 2.7 to 5.0 mT. The lower bound for the spin‐mixing conductance of BiYIG/Pt bilayers is similar to that of other iron garnet/Pt bilayers.
Device‐Algorithm Co‐Optimization for an On‐Chip Trainable Capacitor‐Based Synaptic Device with IGZO TFT and Retention‐Centric Tiki‐Taka Algorithm
Authors: Won Jongun , Kang Jaehyeon , Hong Sangjun , Han Narae , Kang Minseung , Park Yeaji , Roh Youngchae , Seo Hyeong Jun , Joe Changhoon , Cho Ung , Kang Minil , Um Minseong , Lee Kwang‐Hee , Yang Jee‐Eun , Jung Moonil , Lee Hyung‐Min , Oh Saeroonter , Kim Sangwook , Kim Sangbum 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnalog in‐memory computing synaptic devices are widely studied for efficient implementation of deep learning. However, synaptic devices based on resistive memory have difficulties implementing on‐chip training due to the lack of means to control the amount of resistance change and large device variations. To overcome these shortcomings, silicon complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (Si‐CMOS) and capacitor‐based charge storage synapses are proposed, but it is difficult to obtain sufficient retention time due to Si‐CMOS leakage currents, resulting in a deterioration of training accuracy. Here, a novel 6T1C synaptic device using only n‐type indium gaIlium zinc oxide thin film transistor (IGZO TFT) with low leakage current and a capacitor is proposed, allowing not only linear and symmetric weight update but also sufficient retention time and parallel on‐chip training operations. In addition, an efficient and realistic training algorithm to compensate for any remaining device non‐idealities such as drifting references and long‐term retention loss is proposed, demonstrating the importance of device‐algorithm co‐optimization.
Interplay between Strain and Defects at the Interfaces of Ultra‐Thin Hf0.5Zr0.5O2‐Based Ferroelectric Capacitors
Authors: Segantini Greta , Manchon Benoît , Cañero Infante Ingrid , Bugnet Matthieu , Barhoumi Rabei , Nirantar Shruti , Mayes Edwin , Rojo Romeo Pedro , Blanchard Nicholas , Deleruyelle Damien , Sriram Sharath , Vilquin Bertrand 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) is an ideal candidate for the implementation of ferroelectric memristive devices, due to its compatibility with the complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology. Ferroelectricity in HZO films is significantly influenced by the properties of electrode/HZO interfaces. Here, the impact of the interfacial microstructure and chemistry on the ferroelectricity of 6 nm‐thick HZO‐based capacitors, realized by sputtering, with titanium nitride or tungsten electrode materials, is investigated. The results highlight a strong correlation between the structural properties of electrode/HZO interfaces and the HZO ferroelectric performance. Interface effects become significant at low HZO thickness, thus the precise control over the quality of electrode/HZO interfaces allows the remarkable improvement of HZO ferroelectric properties. A double remanent polarization of 40 µC cm−2 is achieved. This work is a new step towards high quality ultra‐thin HZO films with enhanced ferroelectricity for the implementation of ferroelectric tunnel junctions for brain‐inspired computing.
Highly Localized Charges of Confined Electrical Double‐Layers Inside 0.7‐nm Layered Channels
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhai Zhaofeng , Huang Nan , Zhang Chuyan , Yu Siyu , Liu Lusheng , Yang Bing , Jiang Xin , Yang Nianjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA confined electrical double‐layer (EDL) inside nanoporous electrodes has a large capacitance and deviates from traditional ones. Unfortunately, its capacitive mechanism is still unclear. Herein, expanded vertical graphene/diamond (EVG/D) films with regular and ordered 0.7‐nm layered channels are designed and synthesized to serve as an ideal model for understanding confined EDL. A clear overall picture of confined EDL is provided at an atomic resolution with the aid of in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with three‐dimension reference interaction site method (3D‐RISM). It is especially interesting that the induced charges in electrode hosts are highly localized with a density far higher than that on a traditional EDL and even close to those of ion batteries. It is proposed that such a high localization of induced charges plays an essential role in the high energy storage efficiency of confined EDL capacitance. This work not only provides a previously unexplored way to refine the mechanism of confined EDL, but also further lays the foundation for understanding the functions of nanoporous or layered materials in electrochemical energy storage.
Exploiting Iodine Redox Chemistry for Achieving High‐Capacity and Durable PEO‐Based All‐Solid‐State LiFePO4/Li Batteries
Authors: Han Qingyue , Wang Suqing , Wang Liguang , Ren Wenhao , Zhang Fangdan , Lu Jun , Wang Haihui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPoly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based electrolytes are extensively applied to LiFePO4/Li solid‐state batteries on account of their high safety and good flexibility. Nevertheless, the unsatisfactory energy density and inferior lifespan of the batteries still inhibit their large‐scale applications. Herein, graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCN)‐assisted‐alkali metal iodides are proposed as multifunctional fillers for PEO‐based electrolytes. GCN is introduced to fix the location of iodine species through adsorption to reduce iodine migration and promote the kinetics of iodine redox reactions. Besides reducing the PEO crystallinity and elevating the ionic conductivity of electrolyte, the incorporation of GCN‐assisted‐alkali metal iodides facilitates lithium migration, constructs a stable interphase on the Li anode, and enables uniform deposition of lithium. Of particular note, extra capacity is provided through iodine redox reactions. The all‐solid‐state LiFePO4/Li battery using GCN‐LiI modified PEO electrolyte (GCN‐LiI‐PEO) delivers a high discharge capacity of 228.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Superior rate capability with 99.2 mAh g−1 at 10 C and high‐capacity retention of 87.3% after 900 cycles at 0.5 C are also achieved. Moreover, the LiFePO4/Li batteries using GCN‐assisted‐KI or NaI also achieve high capacity and prolonged cycle life. This work opens a promising avenue for pursuing high‐energy density solid‐state batteries.