bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De roemeens-orthodoxe kerk na de val van Ceausescu
Authors: Mondeel H. 
Published: March 2023

The Romanian-Orthodox Church after the fall of Ceausescu
The way in which the Romanian-Orthodox Church took position towards the Communist State has had a very negative influence on its prestige. Some ecclesiastical leaders try to forget the past, but others confess openly the faults they have made. Half-hearted is the attitude of the Romanian-Orthodox Church towards ecclesiastical leaders who have collaborated with the regime of Ceausescu. The many conflicts in relation to the Greek-Catholic Church of Romania lead to tensions with Rome (to which the Greek-Catholic Church is united). The relationship of the Church with the government, especially with the Front for National Salvation (FSN) - which has become now a political party -, is too strong. The Church is still to much an instrument of political purposes. Th ecumenical relations do stagnate, because of the competition-struggle with the other Churches, especially with the Greek-Catholic Church.
A very important development is the integration of the Orthodox Theological Institutes in the State Universities. Also female students are now allowed to study at the Orthodox Theological Faculties. The reintroduction of religious education in the primary schools causes quite a lot of problems, because good legislation is missing and the methods for religious education are out of date.
De theologische dialoog tussen de orthodoxe en de katholieke kerk. Achtste vergadering: Balamand, Libanon, 17-24 juni 1993
Authors: van der Aalst A.J. 
Published: March 2023

The theological dialogue between the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. Eighth session: Balamand, Lebanon, 17th-24th June 1993
The eighth session of the theological dialogue between the Orthodox and the Catholic Churches has taken place from 17th to 24th June 1993 at Balamand (Lebanon). Three years earlier, at Freising 1990, under the influence of the events in Eastern and Central Europe, the committee decided to deal the next time with the problem of uniatism. For this purpose consultations had taken place between the Orthodox Churches and between these Churches and the Catholic Church and a document has been prepared by mixed sub-commissions and by the committee of coordination at Ariccia in 1991. After a delay of one year the dialogue could resume in June 1993 with the discussion of the sole subject of uniatism. From the orthodox side 9 Churches were represented by 13 persons and from the Catholic Church 24 persons attended. The representatives of both sides discussed the document of Ariccia and established the final text, the document of Balamand. In this document the orthodox recognise the existence of the Catholic Churches of oriental rite and the catholics see them no longer as a model or method for the future unity we seek for. The continuation of the dialogue has to wait for some time to see how the document will be accepted by the Churches, particularly by those Orthodox Churches which were absent from the session. The next meeting could take place at Baltimore (USA), but a date is not yet fixed.
Einige Historiosophische Visionen in der Russischen Literatur der Moderne
Authors: Poljakov F.B. 
Published: March 2023

Some Historiosophical Visions in Modern Russian Literature
In reaction to the Russian Revolution in 1917 Russian poets developed historiosophical ideas, which partly go back to Vladimir Solov'ëv and his work. Two models are presented: firstly, the retrospective method of a cyclical conception of time and, secondly, the reappearance of traditions dating from Antiquity in recent Russian history. In the first model 'Skythia' and the steppes constitute a buffer between the uncivilized nomads from the east and Christian Europe. In the second model the fall of Troy takes place once more in a Russian context. Attention is paid particularly to Maksimilian Voloshin’s (1877-1932) forgotten poetry.
De Orthodoxe Kerk op Weg Naar Consensus
Authors: Ubachs Frank 
Published: March 2023

Towards Consensus: The Orthodox Church and the Great and Holy Council
For over 70 years now, the Orthodox Churches have been preparing their Great and Holy Council. The author outlines the history of this great endeavour, which is finally becoming successful. Agreement has been reached not only on issues such as fasting and marriage but, more important, also on autocephaly and the question of the Orthodox Churches of the diaspora. It will, however, take time before the Great and Holy Council will be convened in order to review and, hopefully, confirm the findings of the representatives of the various Orthodox Churches.
De Unie van Brest (1596)
Authors: Senyk Sophia 
Published: March 2023

The Union of Brest
In this article the origins of the Union of Brest are described. In the late sixteenth century union between the Ruthenian Church and the Roman Church was commonly discussed within the metropolitan province of Kiev. At the initiative of the Ruthenian Hierarchy this union was concluded in Rome, December 1595. Opposition, however, against the Union arose in the Ruthenian lands. This opposition was supported by C. Ostroz’kyj, who himself had been an advocate of the Union at first. The Synod of Brest ratified the Union in October 1596. An Anti-Synod met in Brest at the same time and condemned the Union. Reconciliation between the two rival parties proved impossible.
De Maronieten in Egypte (1745-1820)
Authors: van Leeuwen Richard 
Published: March 2023

The Maronites in Egypt (1745-1820)
Between 1730 and 1780 a large number of Syrian Christians emigrated to various provinces of the Ottoman Empire, France and Italy. The emigrants were mainly Greek Catholics and Maronites, who were part of a new trade network emerging in the Eastern Mediterranean. The same period witnessed an intensification of the efforts of the Vatican to tighten its grip on the Eastern Christian communities, combined with increased missionary activity. In this contribution the vicissitudes are reconstructed of a small migrant community, the Maronites of Damietta in the years 1740-1820, especially their relations with the Ottoman authorities, the Greek Catholic community and the French Franciscan missionaries.
Jacob van Sarug
Authors: Het Christelijk Oosten Editors 
Published: March 2023

Jacob of Sarug: Homily on the Nativity
Jacob of Sarug (± 450-521) is one of the most prolific writers of the early Syriac tradition. After his studies at the famous theological and exegetical 'School of the Persians' at Edessa, he dedicated himself to parish work for several decades, putting his poetic talents in the service of his pastoral activities. In the midst of the theological whirls of his time he maintained an irenic and conciliatory position siding with the moderate monophysite party of Severus of Antioch and sticking by the 'agnostic' and anti-intellectualistic tradition of Ephrem. His ecclesiastical and theological ambitions were too modest to ensure him a leading position in the Church politics of his time and we hardly know any details of his life. In a way he took revenge on history thanks to the large quantity and enormous popularity of his literary work. Whereas Jacob composed hundreds of metrical homilies called mēmrē, his prose texts comprise only 43 letters and six tūrgāmē or homilies on the main liturgical feasts. The first of these homilies, 'On the Nativity', is presented here in a Dutch translation along with an explanation of its literary structure and some explanatory notes.
Der Krieg im Früheren Jugoslawien
Authors: Bremer Thomas 
Published: March 2023

The War in Former Yugoslavia
The causes of the war and the role of religion and the churches in former Yugoslavia are discussed. History is often mentioned as an explanation for the war. However, not history itself but the current interpretation of historical events has caused great division between the peoples of former Yugoslavia: for example, the different opinions about the Battle of Kosovo Polje and about the Archbishop Stepinac. The churches have not been able to enter into a real dialogue and to prevent the exploitation of history.
Theodorus van Mopsuestia in Het Kader van de Syrische Dialoog
Authors: Davids Adelbert 
Published: March 2023

Theodore of Mopsuestia and the Syriac Dialogue
The Third Syriac Consultation of the Syriac Dialogue between the different Churches of the Syriac traditions took place at Mundelein near Chicago, Illinois, in July 1997. One of the main topics of the Consultation concerned the person and the teaching of Theodore of Mopsuestia, who died in 428, before the great Christological controversy between Alexandria and Antioch broke out.
Cyril of Alexandria had succeeded in condemning his rival Nestorius at the Council of Ephesus in 431. Soon afterwards Cyril’s supporters in Syria and Egypt started a campaign against the Antiochene ‘forerunners’ of Nestorius. Especially Theodore of Mopsuestia was accused of being the ‘father of Nestorianism’, but Cyril decided not to condemn Theodore officially. In the meantime Theodore’s writings had begun to circulate in Syriac translations in the Church of the East in the Sasanian Empire.
It would last until the reign of the Emperor Justinian (527-565) that the issue was reopened. Theodore Askidas, Justinian’s theological advisor, started a deadly attack on Theodore of Mopsuestia who in his eyes should by all means be condemned officially by the Church. Because of the inconsistent attitude of the Roman Pope Vigilius, Justinian convoked a council at Constantinople in 553. The programme of the Council had been carefully drawn up by Askidas and Justinian and the issue of the Council was clear from its start: Theodore of Mopsuestia was to be condemned as the ‘father of Nestorianism’, even given the fact that he had passed away 125 years ago. No real discussion took place about Theodore’s theological background and Theodore’s real vision on the person of Christ. In the Church of the East Theodore lives on as the great ‘interpreter’ of Scripture.
Nationalisme in de Oosterse Orthodoxie
Authors: Groen B. 
Published: March 2023

Nationalism in Eastern Orthodoxy
Firstly, the close bonds are examined, which developed in the Byzantine Empire, in the post-Byzantine period, in Russia and Ukraine between Orthodoxy and ethnicity. Secondly several notions on modern nationalism and negative reactions from prominent Orthodox theologians to ecclesiastical nationalism are described. Thirdly, Serbian Orthodox views on the relation between religion and the Serbian people are dealt with. Fourthly, Greek opinions on the relation between Orthodoxy and ethnicity in Greece and Greek reactions to the armed conflicts in former Yugoslavia are examined. Fifthly, the Constantinople Patriarchate’s general position, its self-consciousness and its reactions to the war in former Yugoslavia are dealt with.
Many Orthodox stress the close link between Church, homeland and people and the need for interorthodox solidarity against the enemy. Other Orthodox emphasize the inner way of the heart and reject nationalism because of its exclusiveness. However, it is a difficult task to loosen the age-old bonds between religion and nationalism because of collective images and identity issues.
Jacobus van Sarug
Authors: den Biesen Kees 
Published: March 2023

Jacob of Sarug: Homily on the Epiphany
Jacob of Sarug (± 450-521) is one of the most prolific authors of the early Syriac tradition. After his studies at the famous theological and exegetical ‘School of the Persians’ at Edessa, he dedicated himself to parish work for several decades, putting his poetic talents in the service of his pastoral activities. In the midst of the theological whirls of his time he maintained an irenic and conciliatory position siding with the moderate monophysite party of Severus of Antioch and sticking by the ‘agnostic’ and anti-intellectualistic tradition of Ephrem. His ecclesiastical and theological ambitions were too modest to ensure him a leading position in the Church politics of his time and we hardly know any details of his life. In a way he took revenge on history thanks to the great quantity and enormous popularity of his literary works. Whereas Jacob composed hundreds of metrical homilies called mēmrē, his prose texts comprise only 43 letters and six tūrgāmē or homilies on the main liturgical feasts. The second of these homilies, ‘on the Epiphany’, is presented here in Dutch translation along with an analysis of its imagery.
Marī en Kokhè
Authors: van Vossel Vincent 
Published: March 2023

Marī and Kokhè
P. Haddad, Bagdad, recently re-discovered the initial part of the so-called Chronicle of Si’irt (ed. by A. Scher in Patrologia Orientalis). According to this initial part the real name of the chronicle should be ‘Compiled Ecclesiastical History’. A fragment dealing with the history of Mari, his origins and his evangelization of al-Madā in (Seleucia-Ctesiphon), the capital of the Persian Empire, is translated here for the first time in full.
The author compares his text with the legendary Vita Maris from the fifth century and the presumed reworking of Ch. 5 of the Kitāb el-Mağdal by Marī bin Suleymān. It appears that Marī bin Suleymān closely follows the ‘Compiled Ecclesiastical History’ rather than basing himself on the Kitāb el-Mağdal. The article concludes with some information about the present state of the archaeological site of Kokhè (Seleucia).
Traditional Culture and the old Ritualists
Authors: Howe Jovan E. 
Published: March 2023

Traditional Culture and the Old Ritualists
The schism in the Russian Orthodox Church precipitated in 1654 by the ‘reforms’ of Patriarch Nikon was a milestone in the development of the Russian State and society. It initiated the spiritual crisis that eventually split Russian society and culture into an increasingly secularized ‘Western’ component confined at first to the upper castes of educated gentry associated with the tsarist court, army and civil service, and the traditional culture of the peasantry, in which everyday behaviour was guided by ritual and religion. Russian national culture, deeply rooted in this peasant way-of-life and system of beliefs, has tended to survive best in Old Ritualist communities. The contribution of research on the folklore, song and visual arts, crafts, iconography, literature and religious customs of the Old Ritualists to understanding of Russian traditional culture has been great. Paradoxically, the first shoots of ‘civil society’ also emerged in Old Ritualist communities, which produced the first native capitalists – merchant-industrialists and bankers not dependent on the tsarist State or foreign capital.
A Guide to old Ritualism
Authors: Howe Jovan E. 
Published: March 2023

A Guide to Old Ritualism
Old Ritualism was distinguished by much more than adherents to rituals abandoned by the State-controlled Church. It expressed the world-view of a sizeable segment of the population, primarily among the peasantry, who rejected the secularization of society euphemistically called ‘westernization’. The imposition by Tsar Aleksej Michajlovič of forms of worship introduced into the Kiev Patriarchy under Polish rule, using ‘corrected’ texts printed by the Jesuits, was interpreted as a sign that the “spiritual Antichrist” had entered into the tsarist State and Church. The savage persecution of defenders of the Ancient Grace confirmed this view. In the reign of Peter I (the Great) the assault on traditional culture and beliefs became general, affecting all sectors of the population. Part of the Old Ritualists responded by declaring Peter “Antichrist in the flesh”. Under persecution the Old Ritualist movement gave birth to several tendencies that differ in their attitude towards the State and its Church. Old Ritualism has survived centuries of repression and secularization, and today Old Ritualist communities are found on every continent except Africa.
A Deep Learning–Based Velocity Dealiasing Algorithm Derived from the WSR-88D Open Radar Product Generator
Authors: Veillette Mark S. , Kurdzo James M. , Stepanian Phillip M. , McDonald Joseph , Samsi Siddharth , Cho John Y. N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Radial velocity estimates provided by Doppler weather radar are critical measurements used by operational forecasters for the detection and monitoring of life-impacting storms. The sampling methods used to produce these measurements are inherently susceptible to aliasing, which produces ambiguous velocity values in regions with high winds and needs to be corrected using a velocity dealiasing algorithm (VDA). In the United States, the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) Open Radar Product Generator (ORPG) is a processing environment that provides a world-class VDA; however, this algorithm is complex and can be difficult to port to other radar systems outside the WSR-88D network. In this work, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to emulate the two-dimensional WSR-88D ORPG dealiasing algorithm. It is shown that a DNN, specifically a customized U-Net, is highly effective for building VDAs that are accurate, fast, and portable to multiple radar types. To train the DNN model, a large dataset is generated containing aligned samples of folded and dealiased velocity pairs. This dataset contains samples collected from WSR-88D Level-II and Level-III archives and uses the ORPG dealiasing algorithm output as a source of truth. Using this dataset, a U-Net is trained to produce the number of folds at each point of a velocity image. Several performance metrics are presented using WSR-88D data. The algorithm is also applied to other non-WSR-88D radar systems to demonstrate portability to other hardware/software interfaces. A discussion of the broad applicability of this method is presented, including how other Level-III algorithms may benefit from this approach.

Significance Statement
Accurate and timely estimates of wind within storms are critically important for a number of applications, including severe storm nowcasting, maritime operational planning, aviation forecasting, and public safety coordination. Velocity aliasing is a common artifact that requires data quality control. While velocity dealiasing algorithms (VDAs) have been developed for decades, they remain a computationally complex and challenging problem. This paper presents an application of deep neural networks (DNNs) to increase the computational efficiency and portability of VDAs. A DNN is trained to emulate an operational algorithm, and performance is quantified over a large dataset. This work gives a convincing example of the benefits that deep learning can provide for radar algorithms, and future work highlighting these opportunities is discussed.
The GMAO Hybrid 4D-EnVar Observing System Simulation Experiment Framework
Authors: El Akkraoui Amal , Privé Nikki C. , Errico Ronald M. , Todling Ricardo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This work describes the extension of the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) framework to use a hybrid four-dimensional ensemble–variational (4D-EnVar) scheme instead of 3D-Var. The original 3D-Var and hybrid 4D-EnVar OSSEs use the same version of the data assimilation system (DAS) so that a direct comparison is possible in terms of the validation with respect to their corresponding real cases. Rather than quantifying the differences between the two data assimilation methodologies, a short intercomparison of upgrading from a 3D to a 4D OSSE is provided to highlight aspects where this change matters to the OSSE community and to identify particular features of data assimilation that can only be explored in a four-dimensional OSSE framework. A short validation of the hybrid 4D-EnVar OSSE shows that conclusions from previous assessments of the 3D-Var OSSE in its ability to mimic the behavior of the real system still hold with the same caveats. Furthermore, some aspects of the ensemble configuration and behavior are discussed along with forecast sensitivity to observation impacts (FSOI). Estimates of error standard deviations are shown to be smaller in the hybrid 4D-EnVar OSSE but with little impact on the character of the error. A discussion on future work directions focuses on exploring the four-dimensional aspect such as the error distribution within the assimilation window or four-dimensional handling of high-temporal density observations.
Perinatal outcomes of Aboriginal women with mental health disorders
Authors: Adane Akilew A , Shepherd Carrington CJ , Walker Roz , Bailey Helen D , Galbally Megan , Marriott Rhonda 
Published: March 2023

Objective: Maternal mental disorders have been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes such as low birthweight and preterm birth, although these links have been examined rarely among Australian Aboriginal populations. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal mental disorders and adverse perinatal outcomes among Aboriginal births. Methods: We used whole population-based linked data to conduct a retrospective cohort study ( N = 38,592) using all Western Australia singleton Aboriginal births (1990–2015). Maternal mental disorders were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases diagnoses and grouped into six broad diagnostic categories. The perinatal outcomes evaluated were preterm birth, small for gestational age, perinatal death, major congenital anomalies, foetal distress, low birthweight and 5-minute Apgar score. We employed log-binomial/-Poisson models to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic factors and pre-existing medical conditions, having a maternal mental disorder in the five years before the birth was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, with risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) ranging from 1.26 [1.17, 1.36] for foetal distress to 2.00 [1.87, 2.15] for low birthweight. We found similar associations for each maternal mental illness category and neonatal outcomes, with slightly stronger associations when maternal mental illnesses were reported within 1 year rather than 5 years before birth and for substance use disorder. Conclusions: This large population-based study demonstrated an increased risk of several adverse birth outcomes among Aboriginal women with mental disorders. Holistic perinatal care, treatment and support for women with mental disorders may reduce the burden of adverse birth outcomes.
Correlation Analysis of the Pneumatization of the Supraorbital Ethmoid Cell and the Position of the Anterior Ethmoidal Artery
Authors: Wang Huihui , Li Ao , Bie Tongwu , Dou Xin , Li Yang , Xu Zhengrong , Li Xuemei , Chen Yin , Li Min , Wei Xianmei , Wang HanDong , Wei Yanan , Yu Chenjie , Gao Xia 
Published: March 2023

Objectives This study aimed to measure the supraorbital ethmoid cell (SOEC) and characterize the relationship between the degree of SOEC pneumatization and the position of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) in relation to the skull base. Methods Computed tomography (CT) scans of 100 patients were analyzed. The correlation between the pneumatization of SOEC and the distance of the AEA from the skull base was explored by Spearman’s correlation rho efficient test. Results The distance of the AEA from skull base was 3.10 (2.60,3.60) mm in patients with SOEC compared with 0.6(0.40,2.10)mm in those without(P < .001). In 50.5% of the patients, the AEA was located below the skull base; the incidence of this localization was significantly higher in those with SOEC than in those without (78.79%vs22.77%, P < .001). Compared to female patients, male patients owned greater SOEC height (9.65vs8.20mm, P = .007). The SOECs volume (r = 0.45, P < .001), height (r = .30, P = .003), and transverse diameter (r = 0.28, P = .005) were all significantly correlated with the distance of the AEA from the skull base. Conclusions The pneumatization of SOEC critically impact the distance between the AEA and skull base. The higher the degree of pneumatization, the farther from the skull base the AEA will be, increasing the risk of complications during nasal endoscopic surgery. These results provide an important reference for protecting the AEA during nasal endoscopic surgery.