bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of silicone-silica nanocomposites airway stent
Authors: Morad Hasely Zahra , Farahani Maryam Mazraehei , Baniassadi Majid , Chini Farshid , Kajbafzadeh Abdol-Mohammad , Kiani Arda , Baghani Moastafa 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years, many patients after extubation had stenosis in all tracheal areas because of long-term intubation. Therefore, tracheal stenosis in these patients is benign and can be treated using silicone stents, and many patients need silicone stents during recovery. A silicone stent is an artificial support that plays a significant role in managing airway obstruction.Methods: This research aims to fabricate an optimal silicone stent reinforced with Nanosilica by vacuumed injection molding. Materials-based nanocomposites are made of rtv2 silicone with 1wt%, 3wt%, and 5wt% of hydrophilic and hydrophobic Nanosilica particles. Hardness, tensile, and hydrophobicity properties have been performed for the experimental characterization of the nanocomposites.Results and Discussion: The uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the silicone matrix has been confirmed using SEM images. Adding Nano-silica increases hardness and tensile strength and improves the silicone matrix’s mechanical properties. Also, the addition of nanoparticles changes the surface hydrophobicity properties and roughness. Although the presence of nanoparticles improves the mechanical properties, it also reduces the transparency and increases the viscosity. Our results show that adding 1wt%. Hydrophobic Nano-silica improves nanocomposites’ mechanical properties and preserves transparency and viscosity (mold-ability) for stent construction. Adding 3wt%. Hydrophilic Nano-silica improves mechanical and hydrophobic properties, but moldability is not easy. Finally, the fabricated nanocomposite airway stents were successfully placed on the sheep trachea in the pilot animal study.
Magnitude and patterns of severe Plasmodium vivax monoinfection in Vietnam: a 4-year single-center retrospective study
Authors: Duong Minh Cuong , Pham Oanh Kieu Nguyet , Thai Thanh Truc , Lee Rogan , Nguyen Thanh Phong , Nguyen Van Vinh Chau , Nguyen Hoan Phu 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionInfection with Plasmodium vivax is a recognized cause of severe malaria including deaths. The exact burden and patterns of severe P. vivax monoinfections is however still not well quantified, especially in P. vivax endemic regions. We examined the magnitude and patterns of severe malaria caused by monoinfections of P. vivax and associated predictors among patients admitted to a tertiary care center for malaria in Vietnam.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the patients’ medical records at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases from January 2015 to December 2018. Extracted information included demographic, epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics.ResultsMonoinfections with P. vivax were found in 153 (34.5, 95% CI 30.3–39.1%) patients of whom, uncomplicated and severe malaria were documented in 89.5% (137/153, 95% CI 83.7–93.5%) and 10.5% (16/153, 95% CI 6.5–16.3%), respectively. Patterns of severe malaria included jaundice (8 cases), hypoglycemia (3 cases), shock (2 cases), anemia (2 cases), and cerebral malaria (1 case). Among 153 patients, 73 (47.7%) had classic malaria paroxysm, 57 (37.3%) had &gt;7 days of illness at the time of admission, and 40 (26.1%) were referred from other hospitals. A misdiagnosis as having other diseases from malaria cases coming from other hospitals was up to 32.5% (13/40). Being admitted to hospital after day 7th of illness (AOR = 6.33, 95% CI 1.14–35.30, p = 0.035) was a predictor of severe malaria. Severe malaria was statistically associated with longer hospital length of stay (p = 0.035). Early and late treatment failures and recrudescence were not recorded. All patients recovered completely.DiscussionThis study confirms the emergence of severe vivax malaria in Vietnam which is associated with delayed hospital admission and increased hospital length of stay. Clinical manifestations of P. vivax infection can be misdiagnosed which results in delayed treatment. To meet the goal of malaria elimination by 2030, it is crucial that the non-tertiary hospitals have the capacity to quickly and correctly diagnose malaria and then provide treatment for malaria including P. vivax infections. More robust studies need to be conducted to fully elucidate the magnitude of severe P. vivax in Vietnam.
Evaluation of the performance of Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic test for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at Harar, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Teklemariam Zelalem , Feleke Dereje , Abdurahman Abdusemed , Alemayehu Astawus , Demissie Abebaw , Tufa Asefa , Sherefa Nebiyu , Mohammed Abdusemed , Brhane Mussie , Bogale Kasahun 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundRapid antigen tests can help in the effective isolation of symptomatic cases and the systematic tracing of close contacts. However, their reliability must be validated before implementing them widely.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 236 COVID-19-suspected patients visiting four different health institutions in Harari Regional State, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, from June to July 2021. Two nasopharyngeal samples were collected and processed by the Panbio™ Ag-RDT kit and qRT-PCR. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.ResultsThe Panbio tests had a sensitivity of 77.5% (95% CI: 61.6–89.2%) and a specificity of 98.5% (95% CI: 95.6–99.7%). It also had a positive predictive value of 91.2% (95% CI: 76.9–96.9%), a negative predictive value of 95.5% (95% CI: 92.3–97.4%), and a kappa of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.7–0.9). The test had a sensitivity of 94.4%, 100%, 100%, and 90% in the samples collected from patients within the 1–5 days post-onset of COVID-19 signs and symptoms, of age group ≤18 years old, with cycle threshold values of &lt;20, and with household contact, respectively.ConclusionThis test can be used as point-of-care testing for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients with short clinical courses and contact with patients in households.
Association between coagulation disorder scores and in-hospital mortality in ARF patients: a retrospective analysis from the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Wu Yuanxing , Zhu Guangfa 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAcute respiratory failure (ARF) has a high mortality rate, and currently, there is no convenient risk predictor. The coagulation disorder score was proven to be a promising metric for predicting in-hospital mortality, but its role in ARF patients remains unknown.MethodsIn this retrospective study, data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Patients diagnosed with ARF and hospitalized for more than 2 days at their first admission were included. The coagulation disorder score was defined based on the sepsis-induced coagulopathy score and was calculated by parameters, namely, additive platelet count (PLT), international normalized ratio (INR), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), based on which the participants were divided into six groups.ResultsOverall, 5,284 ARF patients were enrolled. The in-hospital mortality rate was 27.9%. High levels of additive platelet score, INR score, and APTT score were significantly associated with increased mortality in ARF patients (P &lt; 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that a higher coagulation disorder score was significantly related to the increased risk of in-hospital mortality in ARF patients (Model 2: coagulation disorder score = 6 vs. coagulation disorder score = 0: OR, 95% CI: 7.09, 4.07–12.34, P &lt; 0.001). The AUC of the coagulation disorder score was 0.611 (P &lt; 0.001), which was smaller than that of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) (De-long test P = 0.014) and simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II) (De-long test P &lt; 0.001) but larger than that of additive platelet count (De-long test P &lt; 0.001), INR (De-long test P &lt; 0.001), and APTT (De-long test P &lt; 0.001), respectively. In subgroup analysis, we found that in-hospital mortality was markedly elevated with an increased coagulation disorder score in ARF patients. No significant interactions were observed in most subgroups. Of note, patients who did not administrate oral anticoagulant had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality than those who administrated oral anticoagulant (P for interaction = 0.024).ConclusionThis study found a significant positive association between coagulation disorder scores and in-hospital mortality. The coagulation disorder score was superior to the single indicators (additive platelet count, INR, or APTT) and inferior to SAPS II and SOFA for predicting in-hospital mortality in ARF patients.
An easy method to generate recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the capsid protein of Porcine circovirus type 2d
Authors: Ren Jingqiang , Madera Rachel , Cunningham Chase , Shi Jishu , Wang Lihua 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionHomologous recombination is an effective way to generate recombinant viruses for vaccine research such as pseudorabies virus (PRV) and adenovirus. Its efficiency can be affected by the integrity of viral genome and the linearization sites.MethodsIn the study, we described a simple approach to isolate the viral DNA with high genomic integrity for large DNA viruses and a time-saving method to generate recombinant PRVs. Several cleavage sites in the PRV genome were investigated by using the EGFP as a reporter gene for identification of PRV recombination.ResultsOur study showed that cleavage sites of XbaI and AvrII are ideal for PRV recombination which showed higher recombinant efficiency than others. The recombinant PRV-EGFP virus can be easily plaque purified in 1–2 weeks after the transfection. By using PRV-EGFP virus as the template and XbaI as the linearizing enzyme, we successfully constructed the PRV-PCV2d_ORF2 recombiant virus within a short period by simply transfecting the linearized PRV-EGFP genome and PCV2d_ORF2 donor vector into BHK-21 cells. This easy and efficient method for producing recombinant PRV might be adapted in other DNA viruses for the generation of recombinant viruses.
Single-cell RNA-seq uncovers distinct pathways and genes in endothelial cells during atherosclerosis progression
Authors: Wu Min , Wu Yijin , Tang Shulin , Huang Jinsong , Wu Yueheng 
Published: May 2023

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving various cell types, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Herein, we aimed to uncover its key molecular mechanisms by single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis.Methods: ScRNA-seq data of cells from atherosclerotic human coronary arteries were analyzed using the Seurat package. Cell types were clustered, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. GSVA (Gene Set Variation Analysis) scores of hub pathways were compared among different cell clusters. DEGs in endothelial cells between apolipoprotein-E (ApoE)−/− mice and specific TGFbR1/2 KO ApoE−/− mice fed with high-fat diet were overlapped with those from human AS coronary arteries. In fluid shear stress and AS, hub genes were determined based on the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, which were verified in ApoE−/− mice. Finally, hub genes were validated in three pairs of AS coronary arteries and normal tissues by histopathological examination.Results: ScRNA-seq identified nine cell clusters in human coronary arteries, namely, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, B cells, adipocytes, HSCs, NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and monocytes. Among them, endothelial cells had the lowest fluid shear stress and AS and TGF-beta signaling pathway scores. Compared to ApoE−/− mice fed with normal diet, fluid shear stress and AS and TGF-beta scores were both significantly lower in endothelial cells from TGFbR1/2 KO ApoE−/− mice fed with normal or high-fat diet. Furthermore, the two hub pathways had a positive correlation. Three hub genes (ICAM1, KLF2, and VCAM1) were identified, and their expression was distinctly downregulated in endothelial cells from TGFbR1/2 KO ApoE−/− mice fed with normal or high-fat diet than in those from ApoE−/− mice fed with a normal diet, which were confirmed in human AS coronary artery.Conclusion: Our findings clarified the pivotal impacts of pathways (fluid shear stress and AS and TGF-beta) and genes (ICAM1, KLF2, and VCAM1) in endothelial cells on AS progression.
Investigating cell-specific effects of FMRP deficiency on spiny projection neurons in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Giua Gabriele , Lassalle Olivier , Makrini-Maleville Leila , Valjent Emmanuel , Chavis Pascale , Manzoni Olivier J. J. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionFragile X syndrome (FXS), resulting from a mutation in the Fmr1 gene, is the most common monogenic cause of autism and inherited intellectual disability. Fmr1 encodes the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), and its absence leads to cognitive, emotional, and social deficits compatible with the nucleus accumbens (NAc) dysfunction. This structure is pivotal in social behavior control, consisting mainly of spiny projection neurons (SPNs), distinguished by dopamine D1 or D2 receptor expression, connectivity, and associated behavioral functions. This study aims to examine how FMRP absence differentially affects SPN cellular properties, which is crucial for categorizing FXS cellular endophenotypes.MethodsWe utilized a novel Fmr1−/y::Drd1a-tdTomato mouse model, which allows in-situ identification of SPN subtypes in FXS mice. Using RNA-sequencing, RNAScope and ex-vivo patch-clamp in adult male mice NAc, we comprehensively compared the intrinsic passive and active properties of SPN subtypes.ResultsFmr1 transcripts and their gene product, FMRP, were found in both SPNs subtypes, indicating potential cell-specific functions for Fmr1. The study found that the distinguishing membrane properties and action potential kinetics typically separating D1- from D2-SPNs in wild-type mice were either reversed or abolished in Fmr1−/y::Drd1a-tdTomato mice. Interestingly, multivariate analysis highlighted the compound effects of Fmr1 ablation by disclosing how the phenotypic traits distinguishing each cell type in wild-type mice were altered in FXS.DiscussionOur results suggest that the absence of FMRP disrupts the standard dichotomy characterizing NAc D1- and D2-SPNs, resulting in a homogenous phenotype. This shift in cellular properties could potentially underpin select aspects of the pathology observed in FXS. Therefore, understanding the nuanced effects of FMRP absence on SPN subtypes can offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of FXS, opening avenues for potential therapeutic strategies.
Global trends in perioperative stroke research from 2003 to 2022: a web of science-based bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Ji Shunpan , Shi Yue , Fan Xiaojing , Jiang Tian , Yang Xiaoming , Tao Tianzhu , Ye Bo 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPerioperative stroke is a potentially devastating complication in surgical patients, which has attracted global attention. This retrospective bibliometric and visual analysis evaluates the status and global trends in perioperative stroke research.MethodsPapers published between 2003 and 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection. Extracted data were summarized and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and further bibliometric and co-occurrence analyses were conducted using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.ResultsPublications on perioperative stroke have increased over the years. The USA topped the list of countries with the highest number of publications and citations, while Canada had the highest mean citation frequency. The Journal of Vascular Surgery and Annals of Thoracic Surgery had the highest number of publications and citation frequency for perioperative stroke. Regarding authors, Malas, Mahmoud B. contributed the most publications to the field, and Harvard University had the highest number of publications (409 papers). Based on an overlay visualization map, timeline view, and the strongest strength burst of keywords, “antiplatelet therapy,” “antithrombotic therapy,” “carotid revascularization,” “bleeding complications,” “postoperative cognitive dysfunction,” “intraoperative hypotension,” “thrombectomy,” “cerebral revascularization,” “valve surgery,” “tranexamic acid,” and “frozen elephant trunk” were trending topics in perioperative stroke research.ConclusionPublications regarding perioperative stroke have experienced rapid growth in the past 20 years and are likely to continuously increase. Research on perioperative antiplatelet and antithrombotic, cardiovascular surgery, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, thrombectomy, tranexamic acid, and frozen elephant trunk has attracted increasing attention, and these topics are emerging hotspots of present research and possible candidates for future research.
Association of longitudinal changes in skeletal muscle mass with prognosis and nutritional intake in acutely hospitalized patients with abdominal trauma: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Xi Fengchan , You Yong , Ding Weiwei , Gao Tao , Cao Yang , Tan Shanjun , Yu Wenkui 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to explore whether longitudinal changes in skeletal muscle mass, from hospital admission to 3  weeks post-trauma, are associated with poor prognosis and nutritional intake in acutely hospitalized patients with abdominal trauma.MethodsA single-center retrospective observational review was conducted on 103 patients with abdominal trauma admitted to the Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University between January 2010 and April 2020. Skeletal muscle mass was assessed by abdominal computed tomography (CT) performed within 14 days before surgery and on post-trauma days 1–3 (week 0), 7–10 (week 1), 14–17 (week 2), and 21–24 (week 3). The skeletal muscle index (SMI) at L3, change in SMI per day (ΔSMI/day), and percent change in SMI per day (ΔSMI/day [%]) were calculated. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discriminatory performance of ΔSMI/day (%) for mortality. Linear correlation analysis was used to evaluate the associations between ΔSMI/day (%) and daily caloric or protein intake.ResultsAmong the included patients, there were 91 males and 12 females (mean age ± standard deviation 43.74 ± 15.53 years). ΔSMI4-1/d (%) had a ROC-area under the curve of 0.747 (p = 0.048) and a cut-off value of −0.032 for overall mortality. There were significant positive correlations between ΔSMI4-1/d (%) and daily caloric intake and protein intake (Y = 0.0007501*X – 1.397, R2 = 0.282, R = 0.531, p &lt; 0.001; Y = 0.008183*X - 0.9228, R2 = 0.194, R = 0.440, p &lt; 0.001). Δ SMI/day (%) was positively correlated with daily caloric intake ≥80% of resting energy expenditure in weeks 2, 3, and 1–3 post-trauma and with protein intake &gt;1.2 g/kg/d in weeks 3 and 1–3 post-trauma.ConclusionLoss of skeletal muscle mass is associated with poor prognosis and nutritional intake in patients admitted to hospital with abdominal trauma.
Validity of Italian administrative healthcare data in describing the real-world utilization of infusive antineoplastic drugs: the study case of rituximab use in patients treated at the University Hospital of Siena for onco-haematological indications
Authors: Bartolini Claudia , Roberto Giuseppe , Girardi Anna , Moscatelli Valentino , Spini Andrea , Barchielli Alessandro , Bocchia Monica , Fabbri Alberto , Donnini Sandra , Ziche Marina , Monti Maria Cristina , Gini Rosa 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionItalian administrative healthcare databases are frequently used for studies on real-world drug utilization. However, there is currently a lack of evidence on the accuracy of administrative data in describing the use of infusive antineoplastics. In this study, we used rituximab as a case study to investigate the validity of the regional administrative healthcare database of Tuscany (RAD) in describing the utilization of infusive antineoplastics.MethodsWe identified patients aged 18 years or older who had received ≥1 rituximab administration between 2011 and 2014 in the onco-haematology ward of the University Hospital of Siena. We retrieved this information from the Hospital Pharmacy Database (HPD-UHS) and linked the person-level information to RAD. Patients who had received ≥1dispensing of rituximab, single administration episodes, and patients treated for non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (nHL) or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) were identified in RAD and validated using HPD-UHS as the reference standard. We identified the indications of use using algorithms based on diagnostic codes (ICD9CM codes, nHL=200*, 202*; CLL=204.1). We tested 22 algorithms of different complexity for each indication of use and calculated sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV), with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), as measures of validity.ResultsAccording to HPD-UHS, 307 patients received rituximab for nHL (N=174), CLL (N=21), or other unspecified indications (N=112) in the onco-haematology ward of the University Hospital of Siena. We identified 295 rituximab users in RAD (sensitivity=96.1%), but PPV could not be assessed due to missing information in RAD on dispensing hospital wards. We identified individual rituximab administration episodes with sensitivity=78.6% [95%CI: 76.4-80.6] and PPV=87.6% [95%CI: 86.1-89.2]. Sensitivity of algorithms tested for identifying nHL and CLL ranged from 87.7% to 91.9% for nHL and from 52.4% to 82.7% for CLL. PPV ranged from 64.7% to 66.1% for nHL and from 32.4% to 37.5% for CLL.DiscussionOur findings suggest that RAD is a very sensitive source of information for identifying patients who received rituximab for onco-haematological indications. Single administration episodes were identified with good-to-high accuracy. Patients receiving rituximab for nHL were identified with high sensitivity and acceptable PPV, while the validity for CLL was suboptimal.
Incidence and outcomes of delayed presentation and surgery in peritoneal surface malignancies
Authors: Tan Jun Kiat Thaddaeus , Wong Jolene Si Min , Seo Chin Jin , Lim Cindy , Zhu Hong-Yuan , Ong Chin-Ann Johnny , Chia Claramae Shulyn 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPeritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) present insidiously and often pose diagnostic challenges. There is a paucity of literature quantifying the frequency and extent of therapeutic delays in PSM and its impact on oncological outcomes.MethodsA review of a prospectively maintained registry of PSM patients undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intra-peritoneal Chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) was conducted. Causes for treatment delays were identified. We evaluate the impact of delayed presentation and treatment delays on oncological outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models.Results319 patients underwent CRS-HIPEC over a 6-years duration. 58 patients were eventually included in this study. Mean duration between symptom onset and CRS-HIPEC was 186.0 ± 37.1 days (range 18-1494 days) and mean duration of between patient-reported symptom onset and initial presentation was 56.7 ± 16.8 days. Delayed presentation (&gt; 60 days between symptom onset and presentation) was seen in 20.7% (n=12) of patients and 50.0% (n=29) experienced a significant treatment delay of &gt; 90 days between 1st presentation and CRS-HIPEC. Common causes for treatment delays were healthcare provider-related i.e. delayed or inappropriate referrals (43.1%) and delayed presentation to care (31.0%). Delayed presentation was a significantly associated with poorer disease free survival (DFS) (HR 4.67, 95% CI 1.11-19.69, p=0.036).ConclusionDelayed presentation and treatment delays are common and may have an impact on oncological outcomes. There is an urgent need to improve patient education and streamline healthcare delivery processes in the management of PSM.