bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a tabletop UV-LED device for disinfection of smart devices and tools
Authors: Westerhoff Thomas , Mally Thorsten , Schlicht Anastasija , Muellner Martin , Zimmermann Hartmut F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSmart devices and tools, which are transferred into clean rooms, have a risk of surface contamination. Chemical disinfection can harm such devices and the process is prone to error due to the manual procedure. Therefore, a UVC-LED based disinfection device was developed, which can inactivate almost all kind of pathogens. The disinfection efficiency was investigated on 3 test surfaces (stainless steel, plastic, glass), each with 5 different types of pathogens (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. brasiliensis-spores, B. subtilis-spores, Pae. glucanolyticus-spores). The tabletop device is capable of significant inactivation rates between 2 and 8 log10 depending on the type of pathogen in less than 10 min. For the first time, we report that Pae. glucanolyticus-spores can be inactivated with UV-LEDs. Furthermore, we report that the type of surface material does have an impact on the disinfection performance. We assume that it is related to the surface roughness of the different materials combined in conjunction with the size of the microorganisms. The novel UV-LED disinfection device has the potential to become a routine device for bringing tablets and other electronical devices into cleanrooms.
Wigner crystallization in quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire
Authors: Girdhar Ankush , Ashokan Vinod 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the ground-state properties of quasi-one-dimensional paramagnetic electron fluid using variational quantum Monte Carlo method. The electrons are transversally confined using the harmonically regularized Coulomb potential with long range order. In this work we have investigated the crossover from liquid to crystalline phase in the finite width paramagnetic quantum wire. The calculated pair correlation function shows the oscillations of period $$2r_\text {s} a_0$$

2

r
s

a
0

, where $$a_0$$

a
0

is the Bohr’s radius and $$r_\text {s}$$

r
s

is Wigner Seitz radius or electron-density parameter which corresponds to a $$k=4k_\text {F}$$

k
=
4

k
F

peak with $$k_\text {F}$$

k
F

being Fermi wave vector in the static structure factor at finite electron density. It is a signature of the onset of Wigner crystallization. It is found that the cross-over from liquid to a quasi-Wigner phase is due to enhancement of the electron correlation effects as $$r_\text {s}$$

r
s

increases or as the wire width b decreases.
Rapid alkalinization factor: function, regulation, and potential applications in agriculture
Authors: Zhang Ran , Shi Peng-Tao , Zhou Min , Liu Huai-Zeng , Xu Xiao-Jing , Liu Wen-Ting , Chen Kun-Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRapid alkalinization factor (RALF) is widespread throughout the plant kingdom and controls many aspects of plant life. Current studies on the regulatory mechanism underlying RALF function mainly focus on Arabidopsis, but little is known about the role of RALF in crop plants. Here, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed the relation between RALF family genes from five important crops and those in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Simultaneously, we summarized the functions of RALFs in controlling growth and developmental behavior using conservative motifs as cues and predicted the regulatory role of RALFs in cereal crops. In conclusion, RALF has considerable application potential in improving crop yields and increasing economic benefits. Using gene editing technology or taking advantage of RALF as a hormone additive are effective way to amplify the role of RALF in crop plants.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Digital Economy, Technical Innovation and China’s Green Total Factor Productivity Growth
Authors: Wang Yuhuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the digital economy (DE) on green total factor productivity (GTFP) and its transmission mechanism. Using panel data from 256 cities in China from 2009 to 2020, the study examines a directional distance function and the Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index to estimate the GTFP growth and constructs an ordinary least squares model to explore the impact effect and mechanism. Three findings are drawn from the estimation results: (1) The DE has significantly promoted GTFP. (2) Technological innovation has significantly aided in the promotion of GTFP. (3) By encouraging technological innovation, the DE further enhances the promotion of GTFP, verifying the DE → technology innovation → green conduction mechanism of total factor productivity.
Persistent overcut regions dominate the terminus morphology of a rapidly melting tidewater glacier
Authors: Abib Nicole , Sutherland David A. , Amundson Jason M. , Duncan Dan , Eidam Emily F. , Jackson Rebecca H. , Kienholz Christian , Morlighem Mathieu , Motyka Roman J. , Nash Jonathan D. , Ovall Bridget , Pettit Erin C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrontal ablation, the combination of submarine melting and iceberg calving, changes the geometry of a glacier's terminus, influencing glacier dynamics, the fate of upwelling plumes and the distribution of submarine meltwater input into the ocean. Directly observing frontal ablation and terminus morphology below the waterline is difficult, however, limiting our understanding of these coupled ice–ocean processes. To investigate the evolution of a tidewater glacier's submarine terminus, we combine 3-D multibeam point clouds of the subsurface ice face at LeConte Glacier, Alaska, with concurrent observations of environmental conditions during three field campaigns between 2016 and 2018. We observe terminus morphology that was predominately overcut (52% in August 2016, 63% in May 2017 and 74% in September 2018), accompanied by high multibeam sonar-derived melt rates (4.84 m d−1 in 2016, 1.13 m d−1 in 2017 and 1.85 m d−1 in 2018). We find that periods of high subglacial discharge lead to localized undercut discharge outlets, but adjacent to these outlets the terminus maintains significantly overcut geometry, with an ice ramp that protrudes 75 m into the fjord in 2017 and 125 m in 2018. Our data challenge the assumption that tidewater glacier termini are largely undercut during periods of high submarine melting.
Scientific Disagreements, Fast Science and Higher-Order Evidence
Authors: Friedman Daniel C. , Šešelja Dunja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScientific disagreements are an important catalyst for scientific progress. But what happens when scientists disagree amid times of crisis, when we need quick yet reliable policy guidance? In this article, we provide a normative account for how scientists facing disagreement in the context of “fast science” should respond and how policy makers should evaluate such disagreement. Starting from an argumentative, pragma-dialectic account of scientific controversies, we argue for the importance of higher-order evidence (HOE), and we specify desiderata for scientifically relevant HOE. We use our account to analyze the controversy about the aerosol transmission of COVID-19.
Comparison of perichondrium-cartilage button technique and traditional over-underlay technique for repairing large perforations
Authors: Sun J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was performed to compare the operation time, graft outcomes and complications between the endoscopic cartilage-perichondrium button technique and over-under technique for repairing large perforations.MethodsA total of 52 chronic large perforations were randomly allocated to receive treatment using the endoscopic cartilage-perichondrium button technique (n = 26) or over-under technique (n = 26). The graft outcomes, mean operation time and post-operative complications were compared between the two groups at 12 months.ResultsThe study population consisted of 52 patients with unilateral chronic large perforations. All patients completed 12 months of follow up. The mean operation time was 32.3 ± 4.2 minutes in the button technique group and 51.6 ± 2.8 minutes in the over-underlay technique group (p < 0.01). The graft success rate at 12 months was 92.3 per cent (24 out of 26) in the button technique group and 96.2 per cent (25 out of 26) in the over-underlay group (p = 0.552).ConclusionThe endoscopic cartilage-perichondrium button technique had similar graft success rates and hearing outcomes for large chronic perforations to the over-under technique, but significantly shortened the mean operation time.
The welfare state and the roles of social capital in subjective well-being: The crowding-out and crowding-in arguments revisited
Authors: Akaeda Naoki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In international comparative research, significant advances have been made in the study of the effect of social capital and the welfare state on subjective well-being (SWB). However, few studies have examined how the welfare state influences the impact of social capital on SWB. To fill this gap, from the perspectives of the crowding-out and crowding-in hypotheses, this study explores whether welfare provisions alter the role of three dimensions of social capital – namely, social trust, formal social contact, and informal social contact, in SWB. The present study utilises international comparative data from nine waves of the European Social Survey of 2002 to 2019 and a two-way fixed-effects model to evaluate the cross-level interaction effects of welfare provisions and the three dimensions of social capital on SWB. This analysis reveals that welfare spending strengthens the positive association between social capital and SWB.
The acquisition of English modal constructions: a corpus-based analysis
Authors: BELL Kimberley , BRANDT Silke , LIEVEN Elena , THEAKSTON Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe English modal system is complex, exhibiting many-to-one, and one-to-many, form-function mappings. Usage-based approaches emphasise the role of the input in acquisition but rarely address the impact of form-function mappings on acquisition. To test whether consistent form-function mappings facilitate acquisition, we analysed two dense mother-child corpora at age 3 and 4. We examined the influence on acquisition of input features including form-function mapping frequency and the number of functions a modal signifies, using innovative methodological controls for other aspects of the input (e.g., form frequency) and child characteristics (e.g., age as a proxy for socio-cognitive development). The children were more likely to produce the frequent modals and form-function mappings of their input but modals with fewer functions in caregiver speech did not promote acquisition of these forms. Our findings support usage-based approaches to language acquisition and demonstrate the importance of applying appropriate controls when investigating relationships between input and development.
Urdu paraphrase detection: A novel DNN-based implementation using a semi-automatically generated corpus
Authors: Iqbal Hafiz Rizwan , Maqsood Rashad , Raza Agha Ali , Hassan Saeed-Ul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutomatic paraphrase detection is the task of measuring the semantic overlap between two given texts. A major hurdle in the development and evaluation of paraphrase detection approaches, particularly for South Asian languages like Urdu, is the inadequacy of standard evaluation resources. The very few available paraphrased corpora for these languages are manually created. As a result, they are constrained to smaller sizes and are not very feasible to evaluate mainstream data-driven and deep neural networks (DNNs)-based approaches. Consequently, there is a need to develop semi- or fully automated corpus generation approaches for the resource-scarce languages. There is currently no semi- or fully automatically generated sentence-level Urdu paraphrase corpus. Moreover, no study is available to localize and compare approaches for Urdu paraphrase detection that focus on various mainstream deep neural architectures and pretrained language models.This research study addresses this problem by presenting a semi-automatic pipeline for generating paraphrased corpora for Urdu. It also presents a corpus that is generated using the proposed approach. This corpus contains 3147 semi-automatically extracted Urdu sentence pairs that are manually tagged as paraphrased (854) and non-paraphrased (2293). Finally, this paper proposes two novel approaches based on DNNs for the task of paraphrase detection in Urdu text. These are Word Embeddings n-gram Overlap (henceforth called WENGO), and a modified approach, Deep Text Reuse and Paraphrase Plagiarism Detection (henceforth called D-TRAPPD). Both of these approaches have been evaluated on two related tasks: (i) paraphrase detection, and (ii) text reuse and plagiarism detection. The results from these evaluations revealed that D-TRAPPD (
$F_1 = 96.80$
for paraphrase detection and
$F_1 = 88.90$
for text reuse and plagiarism detection) outperformed WENGO (
$F_1 = 81.64$
for paraphrase detection and
$F_1 = 61.19$
for text reuse and plagiarism detection) as well as other state-of-the-art approaches for these two tasks. The corpus, models, and our implementations have been made available as free to download for the research community.
Women Get the Job Done: Differences in Constituent Communication from Female and Male Lawmakers
Authors: Bauer Nichole M. , Cargile Ivy A. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article advances and tests an original theory of a “feminine homestyle” to explain how female legislators develop relationships with constituents that both mitigate the potential for gendered biases and fulfill the communal goals that motivate women to run for political office. We use an original audit study that tests legislator responsiveness to direct email communication. We show that female lawmakers are more responsive to constituent communication and more likely to display compassion and empathy in responses compared with male legislators; but we also find important differences in women’s responsiveness across the race and ethnicity. Further, we find that responsive female lawmakers can change the behaviors of their male counterparts by creating stronger norms of responsiveness within legislative institutions. Our findings have important downstream implications for democratic accountability among voters and illustrate how female lawmakers substantively represent through direct communication with constituents.
An Experimental Test of the Effects of Fear in a Coordination Game
Authors: Aldama Abraham , Sambrano Deshawn , Vásquez-Cortés Mateo , Young Lauren E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCognitive appraisal theory predicts that emotions affect participation decisions around risky collective action. However, little existing research has attempted to parse out the mechanisms by which this process occurs. We build a global game of regime change and discuss the effects that fear may have on participation through pessimism about the state of the world, other players’ willingness to participate, and risk aversion. We test the behavioral effects of fear in this game by conducting 32 sessions of an experiment in two labs where participants are randomly assigned to an emotion induction procedure. In some rounds of the game, potential mechanisms are shut down to identify their contribution to the overall effect of fear. Our results show that in this context, fear does not affect willingness to participate. This finding highlights the importance of context, including integral versus incidental emotions and the size of the stakes, in shaping effect of emotions on behavior.
Prediction of 3 Years of Annual Rain Attenuation Statistics at Ka‐Band in French Guiana Using the Numerical Weather Prediction Model WRF
Authors: Le Mire Valentin , Boulanger Xavier , Castanet Laurent , Féral Laurent 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper highlights the interest of using an Atmospheric Numerical Simulator (ANS) relying on a high resolution weather forecast model coupled with an ElectroMagnetic Module to compute Ka‐band rain attenuation statistics in an equatorial region. An optimization of the parametrization of the Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological model (WRF) is carried out using measurements collected from a propagation experiment carried out by Centre National d’Études Spatiales and Office National d’Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales near Kourou in French Guiana. Both simulated and experimental annual Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions of rain attenuation are presented and compared. An additional comparison to the rain attenuation prediction method of Rec. ITU‐R P.618‐13 is presented to evaluate the potentialities of the WRF‐EMM ANS to produce synthetic propagation statistics in equatorial regions.
Lee Waves Break Eddy Saturation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Yang Luwei , Nikurashin Maxim , Hogg Andrew McC. , Sloyan Bernadette M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEddy‐resolving ocean models suggest that the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) may be insensitive to increasing wind. This insensitivity is due to eddies that flatten the isopycnals and compensate for their wind‐driven steepening. However, the eddy‐resolving models do not accurately represent the eddy dissipation processes that occur at scales smaller than the model resolution, including lee wave generation at rough topography. Using a lee wave parameterization in an idealized model of the Southern Ocean, we show that the ACC transport becomes more sensitive to wind when the lee wave drag is included. The sensitivity arises from the dependence of the lee wave drag on the bottom stratification. When the bottom stratification increases in response to wind, it increases the lee wave generation, and hence the eddy dissipation, at rough topography. As a result, the ACC shear (baroclinic transport) increases to drive stronger eddy generation to compensate.
Climatology of the Harmonic Frequency Separation of Ionospheric Alfvén Resonances at Eskdalemuir Observatory, UK
Authors: Hodnett R. M. , Yeoman T. K. , Beggan C. D. , Wright D. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe extracted the harmonic frequency separation (Δf) of Ionospheric Alfvén Resonances (IAR) observed in the Eskdalemuir induction coil magnetometer data for the 9 year data set of 2013–2021. To obtain Δf values, we used a machine learning technique that identifies the harmonics and from this we calculated the average separation. To investigate the climatology of the IAR, we have modeled the Δf of the IAR for the data set using a time of flight calculation with model Alfvén velocity profiles. When analyzing Δf from the model and data, we found that in general they follow the same trends. The modeled Δf and Δf from the data both show an inverse correlation with foF2, which confirms that the frequencies of the IAR are controlled by electron density. It follows that Δf is greater around midnight and during the winter months, due to the decrease in plasma mass density. Variability is also reflected when comparing yearly trends in Δf with the sunspot number; higher frequencies are observed and modeled at low sunspot number. It is difficult to examine trends with instantaneous geomagnetic activity as IAR are not visible in spectrograms when geomagnetic activity is high. We find cases where the difference in measured and modeled Δf is significant, suggesting that the model does not capture short term variations in plasma mass density that influence the IAR during these days. We plan to undertake further modeling of Δf on shorter timescales.
Global Geomagnetic Field Evolution From 900 to 700 ka Including the Matuyama‐Brunhes Reversal
Authors: Mahgoub Ahmed Nasser , Korte Monika , Panovska Sanja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolarity reversals and excursions are the most significant geomagnetic field changes generated in the liquid outer core of the Earth, therefore studying them helps understand geodynamo processes. This study examines the Matuyama‐Brunhes (MB) reversal using a new reconstruction of the global geomagnetic field based on paleomagnetic data, termed Global Geomagnetic Field Model for the MB reversal (GGFMB). GGFMB covers 900–700 ka, including late Matuyama and early Brunhes. This allows us to also investigate the Kamikatsura excursion (ca. 888 ka). The model is based on 38 high‐quality paleomagnetic sediment records with age control mostly independent of the magnetic signal. GGFMB suggests that the MB reversal began about ∼799 ka, when non‐dipole field components increased and the axial dipole component decreased. The transitional fields first appeared on Earth's surface in the high‐latitude southern hemisphere and equatorial regions. The minimum dipole strength was reached around 780 ka and the axial dipole changed sign. After ∼10 Kyr, the field stabilized in the normal polarity of the early Brunhes. The MB reversal lasted ∼29 Kyr (from 799 to 770 ka) and had slower rate of dipole decay than recovery as well as lower dipole moment for several millennia before than after the reversal. According to GGFMB, the dipole moment during the Kamikatsura excursion was approximately half that of the current field and it was a regional excursion observed only over eastern Asia and North America. Our sediment data collection is heavily biased toward the northern hemisphere, thus more southern hemisphere records are needed to demonstrate GGFMB's robustness in this region.
A high-precision multi-dimensional microspectroscopic technique for morphological and properties analysis of cancer cell
Authors: Qiu Lirong , Su Yunhao , Xu Ke-Mi , Cui Han , Zheng Dezhi , Zhu Yuanmin , Li Lin , Li Fang , Zhao Weiqian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRaman and Brillouin scattering are sensitive approaches to detect chemical composition and mechanical elasticity pathology of cells in cancer development and their medical treatment researches. The application is, however, suffering from the lack of ability to synchronously acquire the scattering signals following three-dimensional (3D) cell morphology with reasonable spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we propose a divided-aperture laser differential confocal 3D Geometry-Raman-Brillouin microscopic detection technology, by which reflection, Raman, and Brillouin scattering signals are simultaneously in situ collected in real time with an axial focusing accuracy up to 1 nm, in the height range of 200 μm. The divided aperture improves the anti-noise capability of the system, and the noise influence depth of Raman detection reduces by 35.4%, and the Brillouin extinction ratio increases by 22 dB. A high-precision multichannel microspectroscopic system containing these functions is developed, which is utilized to study gastric cancer tissue. As a result, a 25% reduction of collagen concentration, 42% increase of DNA substances, 17% and 9% decrease in viscosity and elasticity are finely resolved from the 3D mappings. These findings indicate that our system can be a powerful tool to study cancer development new therapies at the sub-cell level.