bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial inclusion and sustainability in Asia using Bank-level statistics
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Maruf , Lu zheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The promotion of shared prosperity, economic success, and the expansion of the financial sector all contribute to individual development supported by financial inclusion. In recent years, it has been a crucial component in helping to contribute to the relief of poverty and the acceleration of economic growth. Because of financial intermediation, millions of persons who do not have bank accounts will have access to a broad range of low-cost financial products and services and be able to use such goods and services effectively. Financial inclusion in the Asian area is generally considered relatively low. In addition, the issue of financial intermediation has been largely overlooked in the overwhelming majority of modern educational research that has been carried out on the subject. The governments in the area have voiced significant worries about the possibilities for economic turbulence brought on by widespread financial inclusion. As a result, the purpose of this study is to explore the connection between the accessibility of financial services and the dependability of the financial sector. To accomplish so, we will use a database that incorporates information obtained from 3071 financial institutions based in Asia throughout the period 2008–2017. In this study, we use a technique known as the generalized moment approach (GMM). Based on the results of this research, it is clear that a more equitable distribution of wealth may be achieved by expanding access to financial services, which strengthens the banking system's capacity to weather shocks. The fact that a more comprehensive monetary inclusion may be attained through increasing access to financial services lends credence to this view. Financial institutions might benefit from integration into the financial system by increasing profits, decreasing operational expenses, and increasing market share. Several directions for further research have been proposed based on the results of this work.
The nonspecific marker of PTX3 in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis and literature review
Authors: Li Hongxing , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective

To investigate the diagnostic value of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) pentraxin (PTX3) levels in pulmonary tuberculosis(TB).

Methods

Bioinformatic database GSE34608 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases (GEO) in NCBI. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TB and control cases were analyzed using R software. Besides, plasma samples from 126 patients and BALF samples from 68 patients admitted to our hospital were collected to measure PTX3 levels by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Results

A total of 1179 GEGs which including PTX3 were obtained. In addition, the difference of plasma PTX3 level between TB, community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) and lung tumor was not statistically significant (P = 0.871), but BALF PTX3 level in TB was significantly higher than that in CAP and lung tumor (P<0.001). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of plasma PTX3 and BALF PTX3 level in diagnosing TB was 0.544 and 0.783, respectively.

Conclusion

BALF PTX3 level, not plasma PTX3 level, has the potential to serve as biomarker to differentiate TB from CAP and lung tumor.
Physical fitness of primary school children differs depending on their timing of school enrollment. Results from the longitudinal arm of the EMOTIKON-study
Authors: Teich Paula , Fühner Thea , Granacher Urs , Kliegl Reinhold 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Previous research has shown that children who were enrolled according to the legal key date (i.e., keyage children, between eight and nine years in third grade) exhibit a linear physical fitness development in the ninth year of life. In contrast, children who were enrolled with a delay (i.e., older-than-keyage children, OTK, between nine and ten years in third grade) exhibited a lower physical fitness compared to what would be expected for their age. In these cross-sectional studies, age and timing of school enrollment were confounded. In the present longitudinal study, we compared keyage and OTK childrenat the same ageto separately examine effects of timing of school enrollment and age on six physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance (i.e., 6-min run), coordination (i.e., star-run), speed (20-m sprint), power of lower (i.e., powerLOW, standing long jump) and upper (i.e., powerUP, ball-push test) limbs, and static balance (i.e., one-legged-stance test with eyes closed). 1,274 children (i.e., 1,030 keyage and 244 OTK children; 14,516 test scores) from 32 schools were tested in third grade and retested one year later in fourth grade. Both, keyage and OTK children, exhibited a positive longitudinal development in all six fitness components. However, keyage children outperformedage-matchedOTK children (both groups on average 9.5 years old) in all six fitness tests. In a post-hoc exploratory analysis, we tested the assumption that some OTK children are biologically younger than indicated by their chronological age. Specifically, one reason for a delayed enrollment could be a child’s perceived biological age at the school-entry exam. In this case, chronological age would correlate negatively with biological age of OTK children. Indeed, a simple reflection of chronological age brought the developmental rate of the chronologically youngest OTK children in line with the one observed for keyage children, but did not eliminate all differences. The mapping of chronological and biological age of OTK children and other possible reasons for lower physical fitness of OTK children remain a task for future research.
Socioeconomic feature on child feeding, as a determinant factor of nutritional status of children: the case of rural community at Dilla-Zuria district of Gede’o Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Genalle Tesfaye Gedecho 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Good nutrition is necessary for a healthy and active life, and it has a direct impact on intellectual capacity, which has a positive impact on social and economic development. As it has a significant impact on children's rapid growth and development during their early years, exclusive breastfeeding and correct complementary nutrition are required for good physical, mental, social, and cognitive development. Children's nutritional health is influenced by a variety of factors, including access to food in the household and caregivers' awareness as well. As it has a significant impact on children's rapid growth and development during their early years, exclusive breastfeeding and correct complementary nutrition are required for good physical, mental, social, and cognitive development. A variety of factors influence children's nutritional needs, including access to nutritious foods and feeding practices. To better understand the factors contributing to malnutrition in children under the age of five, a study was conducted in the Dilla-Zuria district of Gede'o Zone, Southern Ethiopia. This study used a cross-sectional design with a mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches. SPSS version 20.0 software was employed for analysis. Descriptive statistics, leaner regression, bivariate correlations, and qualitative inference were employed for analysis. Household socioeconomic features, child feeding practices, access to subsistence and food, and the mother’s autonomy to use the household’s wealth were used as independent variables, with anthropometric data from children under the age of five used as a dependent variable for determination of nutritional status. The findings of this study revealed that the caregivers' child feeding practices are heavily influenced by the socioeconomic features of the family when determining the nutritional condition of children under the age of five. To address the nutritional problem of children under the age of five in the Gede'o Zone, SNNPR Ethiopia, and maybe at the national level, an integrated holistic approach involving several sectors and sub-sectors with clearly defined mainstreaming duties has been advocated.
Needle Stick and Sharps Injuries among Healthcare Workers in an Oncology Setting: A Retrospective Seven-Year Study
Authors: Mubarak Sawsan , AlGhawrie Hadeel , Ammar Khawlah , Abuwardeh Razan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Needle-stick injuries (NSSIs) are one of the most common occupational hazards that need to be addressed among healthcare workers (HCWs) around the world, and they are one of the most common sources of infection such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to NSSIs and to assess related safety measures among different categories of healthcare workers at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan. This retrospective study using chart review was conducted at King Hussein Cancer Center, Jordan, Amman. This study targeted all healthcare worker who work in KHCC and got injured and report a NSSI within the period of 2015–2021. Data were obtained from the employee clinic as they received the needle-stick incident reports from the staff. Results showed that a total of 355 NSSIs were included in this study. Distribution of male and female was (n = 164, 46.2% and n = 191, 53.8% respectively). Majority of these injuries (61.6%) occurred during the day shift, while 38.4% of it occurred during the night shift. The rate of needle stick per 100 occupied hospital beds was ranged between 14.6% and 28.2%, with a maximum rate in 2019 (28.2%) of all reported incidents during the study period. Nurses were encountered as the most affected job category (n = 220, 62%), followed by housekeeping staff (n = 58, 16.3%) and the physicians (n = 45, 12.6%). Surgical floor (n = 65, 18.3%) was the most common place of occurrence of NSSIs, followed by Operating Room (OR) (n = 56, 15.7%), then Emergency Room (ER) (n = 37, 10.4%) and intensive care units (ICU) (n = 33, 9.3%). It was found that NSSIs occurred most frequently during blood collection (n = 94, 26.5%), followed by waste collection (n = 65, 18.3%) and during putting needles into the sharps box (n = 58, 16.3%).it was found that fingers (n = 216, 60.8%) and hand/palm (n = 117, 32.9%) are the most affected body parts. Incidents during use of the sharp item (n = 191, 53.8%) and while disposing (n = 65, 18.3%) were the most common. On the basis of work experience, NSSIs were more common in the early years of employment (less than 2 years’ experience). This research can help uncover potential risk factors and gaps in KHCC's existing preventative initiatives, as well as serve as a blueprint for future changes in preventive medicine and public health policies.
Endoscopic Treatment (Endoscopic Balloon Dilation/self-expandable Metal Stent) Vs Surgical Resection for the Treatment of De Novo Stenosis in Crohn's Disease (Endocir Study): an Open-label, Multicenter, Randomized Trial
Authors: Loras Carme , Ruiz Pablo , Romero Juan , Andújar Xavier , Berzosa Josep Bargallo , Martín Esther Bernardos , Boscá-Watts Marta Maia , Brugiotti Carlo , Brunet Eduard , Busquets David , Cerrillo Elena , Oliva Francisco Javier Cortina , Milanés Juan Antonio Díaz , Dueñas Carmen , Farrés Ramón , Golda Thomas , González-Huix Ferran , Gornals Joan B , Guardiola Jordi , Julià David , Lira Alba , Llaó Jordina , Mañosa Miriam , Marin Ingrid , Millán Mónica , Monfort David , Moro David , Mullerat Josep , Navarro Mercè , Roldán Francisco Pérez , Pijoan Eva , Pons Vicente , Reyes José , Rufas María , Sainz Empar , Sanchiz Vicente , Barrera Anna Serracant , Sese Eva , Montesinos Cristina Soto , Troya Jose , Zaragoza Natividad , Tebé Cristian , Sudrià-Lopez Emma , Mayor Vicenç , Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Esteve Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Stenosis is one of the most common complications in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is the treatment of choice in short stenoses next to the anastomosis of previous surgeries. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) could be a suitable treatment option for longer stenoses. To date, however, there is no scientific evidence as to whether endoscopic (EBD/SEMS) or surgical treatment is the best approach for de novo or primary stenoses that are less than 10 cm in length.
Methods/design: Exploratory study as "proof-of-concept", multicenter, open-label, randomized trial of the treatment of de novo stenosis in the CD; endoscopic treatment (EBD/SEMS) vs surgical resection (SR). The type of endoscopic treatment will initially be with EDB and if a therapeutic failure occurs, then a SEMS will be placed. We estimate 2 years of recruitment and 1 year of follow-up for the assessment of quality of life, costs, complications, and clinical recurrence. After the end of the study, patients will be followed up for 3 years to re-evaluate the variables over the long-term. Forty patients with de novo stenosis in CD will be recruited from 15 hospitals in Spain and will be randomly assigned to the endoscopic or surgical treatment groups. The primary aim will be the evaluation of the patient’s quality of life at one year follow-up (% of patients with an increase of 30 points in the 32-item Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ-32). The secondary aims will be evaluation of the clinical recurrence rate, complications, and costs of both treatments at one year follow-up.
Discussion: The ENDOCIR trial has been designed to determine whether an endoscopic or surgical approach is therapeutically superior in the treatment of de novostenosis in CD.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 04330846. Registered on April 1, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home
Development of PCR based SSR markers for Wilsonomyces carpophilus: A PCR based diagnosis protocol for early detection of shot hole disease infecting stone fruit crops
Authors: Khursheed Sehla , Farooq Mahiya , Padder Bilal A. , Khan Imran , Khan F U , Nabi Asha , Rashid Rizwan , S. Sana B. , Sofi Tariq A , Ahanger Farooq A , Hamid Sumaira , Shah Mehraj Ul Din 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The conidial Ascomycota fungus Wilsonomyces carpophilus causing shot hole of stone fruits is a major constrain in the production of stone fruits worldwide. Shot hole disease symptoms appear on leaves, fruits, and twigs. Successful isolation of the pathogen from different hosts on synthetic culture medium is a time consuming and tedious procedure for identification of the pathogen based on morpho-cultural characterization.
Methods and Results
The current research was carried out to develop a successful detection protocol for shot hole disease of stone fruits viz., peach, plum, apricot, cherry and almond using PCR based SSR markers that were designed from the Wilsonomyces carpophilus genome using Genome-wide Microsatellite Analysing Tool package (GMATA) software to detect the pathogen at early stages. Diseased leaf samples of stone fruits were collected and the pathogen isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and maintained on Asthana and Hawkers’ medium. For detection protocol, healthy and infected leaf samples of stone fruits were collected and DNA was extracted from the isolated pathogen cultures as well as from leaves infected shot hole disease along with the healthy control (DNA from healthy leaves of stone fruits). The successful amplification was observed in DNA extracted from all the pathogen isolates and from leaf samples with shot hole symptoms but was not observed in control (DNA from healthy leaves) thus confirming the detection of this disease from all the infected samples.
Conclusion
PCR based SSR makers were successfully designed for the for Wilsonomyces carpophilus causing shot hole disease in stone fruits and almond in nuts first time. PCR based detection protocol was successfully developed for the detection of pathogen directly from infected leaves of stone fruits such as peach, plum, apricot, cherry and almond among the nuts.
COVID-19 testing, infection and places of contamination in France, a national cross- sectional study, December 2021
Authors: Vaux Sophie , Gautier Arnaud , Soullier Noemie , Levy-Bruhl Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to describe the use of diagnostic testing for COVID-19 in France until December 2021, the characteristics of people infected, and places of contamination.
Methods: Data were collected from the national 2021 Health Barometer cross-sectional study, which was conducted between February and December 2021 and included French-speaking individuals aged 18-85 years old selected through randomly generated landline and mobile phone numbers. Participants were interviewed about COVID-19-like symptoms in the previous 12 months, diagnostic testing for the disease, positive diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2, and the place(s) of contamination. Determinants of diagnostic testing and of infection were studied using univariate and multivariate Poisson regressions.
Results: A total of 24,514 persons participated in the study. We estimated that 66.4% [65.0-67.7] of persons had been tested for COVID-19 the last time they experienced COVID-19-like symptoms, and that 9.8% [9.3-10.3] of the population in France - with or without symptoms - had been tested positive. Diagnostic testing was less frequent in men, unemployed persons, and people living alone; it was also less frequent during the first months of the pandemic. The estimated proportion of the population infected was higher in healthcare professionals (PRa: 1.5 [1.3-1.7]), those living in large cities (>=200 000 inhabitants, and Paris area) (1.4 [1.2-1.6]), and in households comprising >3 persons (1.7[1.5-2.0]). It was lower in retired persons (0.8 [0.6-0.97]) and those over 65 years old (0.6 [0.4-0.9]). Almost two-thirds (65.7%) of infected persons declared they knew where they were contaminated; 5.8% [4.5-7.4] reported being contaminated outdoors, 47.9% [44.8-51.0] in unventilated indoor environments, and 43.4% [40.3-46.6] in ventilated indoor environments. Specifically, 51.1% [48.0-54.2] declared they were contaminated at home or in a family of friend’s house, 29.1% [26.4-31.9] at their workplace, 13.9% [11.9-16.1] in a healthcare structure, and 9.0% [7.4-10.8] in a public eating place (e.g., cafeteria, bar, restaurant).
Conclusions: To limit viral spread, preventive actions should preferentially target persons tested least frequently and those at a higher risk of infection. They should also target contamination in households, healthcare structures, and public eating places. Importantly, contamination is most frequent in places where prevention measures are most difficult to implement.
Anodal tDCS Over the DLPFC but not M1 Increases Muscle Activity and Improves Psychophysiological Responses, Cognitive Function, and Endurance Performance in Normobaric Hypoxia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Etemadi Matin , Amiri Ehsan , Tadibi Vahid , Grospretre Sidney , Valipour Vahid , Machado Daniel Gomes Silva 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to have positive effects of exercise performance and cognitive function in the normal ambient condition. Hypoxia is deemed a stressful situation with detrimental effects on physiological, psychological, cognitive, and perceptual responses of the body. Nevertheless, no study has evaluated the efficacy of tDCS for counteracting the negative effects of hypoxic condition on exercise performance and cognition so far. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effects of anodal tDCS on endurance performance, cognitive function, and perceptual responses in hypoxia.
Participants and methods: Fourteen endurance-trained males participated in five experimental sessions. After familiarization and measuring peak power output in the first and second sessions, through the 3rd to 5th sessions, participants performed a cycling endurance task until exhaustion after 30 min hypoxic exposure at resting position followed by 20 min of anodal stimulation of the motor cortex (M1), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), or sham-tDCS. Color-word Stroop test and choice reaction time were measured at baseline and after exhaustion. Time to exhaustion, heart rate, saturated O2, EMG amplitude of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris muscles, RPE, pleasure sensation, and felt arousal were also measured during the task under hypoxia.
Results: The results showed a longer time to exhaustion in DLPFC stimulation compared to the sham-tDCS (+30.96%, p= 0.036). The results also demonstrated that the RPE was lower (-10.23%, p= 0.045) and the EMG amplitude of the vastus medialis muscle (+37.24%, p= 0.003), pleasure sensation (+260%, p= 0.035) and felt arousal (+28.9%, p= 0.029) were higher in the DLPFC stimulation compared to the sham-tDCS. The choice reaction time was shorter in DLPFC stimulation compared to the sham-tDCS (-17.55%, p= 0.029) and no differences were seen in the color-word Stroop test among the conditions under hypoxia.
Conclusions: We concluded that, as a novel finding, anodal stimulation of the left DLPFC might provide an ergogenic aid for endurance performance and cognitive function under the hypoxic condition probably via increasing neural drive to the working muscles, lowering the perceived exertion and increasing perceptual responses.
Cu Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA2024 and AA6061 Dissimilar Alloys: Effect on Downward Force, Temperature Profile, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bhukya Srinivasa Naik , Wu Zhenhua , Elmustafa Abdelmageed , Al-Allaq Aiman , Ojha Manish , Mohammed Yousuf 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this research, the authors investigated copper (Cu) donor material assisted friction stir welding (FSW) of AA2024-T4 and AA6061-T6 aluminum plates of 6.35 mm thickness. FSW joints were prepared at optimized process parameters at a constant tool rotational rate of 1400 rpm and welding speeds at 1, 2, or 3 mm/s. The Cu donor material of 25% and 50% thickness with respect to the workpiece thickness were selected to assist the FSW joining at the plunge stage. During the welding processes, it was observed that the downward force generated in the FSW process was gradually decreased after introducing Cu donor material. Temperature profiles proved that the inclusion of copper donor material increased the temperature at the beginning of the welding process. Post-weld analysis was characterized in terms of micro-hardness and tensile properties of the welded joints. The experimental results revealed that defect-free joints could be obtained when placing high strength AA2024 alloy at the advancing side with 25% thick donor material. Micro-hardness test results indicated that the hardness decreased from the base metal (BM) to the stir zone across the heat affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The lowest hardness measurements occurred in the TMAZ and HAZ where tensile failure occurs. The maximum tensile strength improved by 130% with 25% Cu donor material as compared to as-welded condition. SEM Fractography images confirmed mixed modes of brittle and ductile fracture surface with tearing ridges and finer dimples after heat treatment.