bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geraniol protects hippocampal CA1 neurons and improves functional outcomes in global model of stroke in rats
Authors: Buch Prakruti , Sharma Tejas , Airao Vishal , Vaishnav Devendra , Mani Shalini , Rachamalla Mahesh , Gupta Ashish Kumar , Upadhye Vijay , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Jha Niraj Kumar , Parmar Sachin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeraniol (GE), an acyclic monoterpene, is a chief constituent of essential oils of herbs and fruits. It possesses diverse pharmacological actions like antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and anti‐parkinson. However, its neuroprotective potential in stroke is yet to be explored at large. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of GE against the global model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐injury in rats. Bilateral common carotid artery (BCCA) occlusion for 30 min followed by 7 days of reperfusion caused varied biochemical/enzymatic alterations viz. increase in levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), xanthine oxidase (XO), and decrease in the levels of cerebroprotectives like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total thiols, and glutathione (GSH). GE‐pretreatment markedly reversed these changes and restored the levels of protective enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants near to normal compared to I/R group. Besides, GE treatment showed marked improvement in anxiety‐related behavior and neuronal deficits in animals subjected to I/R injury. Moreover, 2,3,5‐triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC)‐stained rat brain coronal sections and histopathological studies revealed neuronal protection against I/R‐injury, as evidenced by a reduction in infarct area (%) and an increase in hippocampal CA1 neuronal density in the GE‐treated groups. The results of this study revealed that GE exhibited potential neuroprotective activity by reducing oxidative stress and infarction area, and protecting hippocampal CA1 neurons against I/R‐injury in the global stroke model in rats.
A visualized dynamic prediction model for overall survival in patients diagnosed with brain metastases from lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liang Min , Chen Mafeng , Singh Shantanu , Singh Shivank , Zhou Caijian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatients presenting with brain metastases (BMs) from lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) often encounter an extremely poor prognosis. A well‐developed prognostic model would assist physicians in patient counseling and therapeutic decision‐making.MethodsPatients with LUSC who were diagnosed with BMs between 2000 and 2018 were reviewed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Using the multivariate Cox regression approach, significant prognostic factors were identified and integrated. Bootstrap resampling was used to internally validate the model. An evaluation of the performance of the model was conducted by analyzing the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curve.ResultsA total of 1812 eligible patients' clinical data was retrieved from the database. Patients' overall survival (OS) was significantly prognosticated by five clinical parameters. The nomogram achieved satisfactory discrimination capacity, with 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month AUC values of 0.803, 0.779, and 0.760 in the training cohort and 0.796, 0.769, and 0.743 in the validation cohort. As measured by survival rate probabilities, the calibration curve agreed well with actual observations. There was also a substantial difference in survival curves between the different prognostic groups stratified by prognostic scores. For ease of access, the model was deployed on a web‐based server.ConclusionsIn this study, a nomogram and a web‐based predictor were developed to assist physicians with personalized clinical decisions and treatment of patients who presented with BMs from LUSC.
Characterizing long‐term population conditions of the elusive red tree vole with dynamic individual‐based modeling
Authors: Heinrichs Julie A. , Marcot Bruce G. , Linnell Mark A. , Lesmeister Damon B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOld growth forests are declining globally, threatening dependent wildlife. Many arboreal old‐growth obligates, such as the threatened red tree vole, are difficult to monitor for changes in habitat occupancy, and abundance. Yet, conservation planning relies on this information to prevent population declines. We integrated a range of species, habitat, and landscape change information to develop a dynamic habitat‐population model. The spatial individual‐based model simulated dynamic patterns of occupancy that responded to annual habitat maps, describing 36 years of observed change. We simulated population dynamics and local movement to characterize changes in occupancy and abundance, and the capacity of remaining habitat to support red tree voles. Red tree vole redistribution patterns strongly corresponded to wildfire footprints and timber extraction locations. Population strongholds are likely to exist in clumped pockets of old‐growth forest that were unaffected by wildfire and in protected old forest reserves. However, the exact number and locations of local clusters remain uncertain. Simulated population losses occurred at different paces in different places, underscoring the need for recurring evaluation of population changes with field occupancy surveys and modeled evaluations that can anticipate potential connectivity and extirpation thresholds. This modeling approach was effective at leveraging existing information for a data‐light species to assess how historical changes to the quantity, quality, and configuration of habitat likely influenced the potential landscape capacity, species abundance, and distribution. Dynamic individual‐based modeling can benefit conservation planning for red tree vole and other reclusive forest species by providing biologically nuanced assessments of abundance and distribution. Such models can also project the long‐term benefits and impacts of spatially explicit land management plans.
Modeling alternative future scenarios for direct application in land use and conservation planning
Authors: Lacher Iara , Fergus Craig , McShea William J. , Plisinski Joshua , Morreale Luca , Akre Thomas S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLand use is one of the largest threats to biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services. These losses can be mitigated through strategic land use planning efforts that balance the social, economic, and environmental needs of society and the ecosystems that support it. A crucial component in the development of strategic plans is a concrete understanding of land use change and the impacts and influence of it on the landscape. Land change models are one method for quantifying the effect of these relationships and projecting the resulting changes on landscapes of the future. However, in order for the resulting model products to be useful to planners, policy makers, and conservationists, they must be focused on addressing questions of relevance to the community they intend to serve. Scenario planning offers a framework for integrating community‐developed visions of the future with land change models in order to increase relevancy and uptake of products. We developed a land change model for five future scenarios of land use change in northwestern Virginia, integrating regional stakeholder knowledge throughout the process. Across scenarios, we found consistent increases in development across our study area, but the form and configuration of land use types varied sub‐regionally. This manuscript describes not only our results, but the process of integrating stakeholder input throughout. We describe our model outputs in the context of usefulness for planners, policy makers, and conservation decision makers, often through the lens of the importance of geographic scale. This work serves as an additional example of land use modeling across scenarios. We conclude with guidance for scientists interested in integrating similar approaches in their work.
A linked physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for hydroxychloroquine and metabolite desethylhydroxychloroquine in SARS‐CoV‐2(−)/(+) populations
Authors: Steinbronn Claire , Chhonker Yashpal S. , Stewart Jenell , Leingang Hannah , Heller Kate B. , Krows Meighan L. , Paasche‐Orlow Michael , Bershteyn Anna , Stankiewicz Karita Helen C. , Agrawal Vaidehi , Laufer Miriam , Landovitz Raphael , Wener Mark , Murry Daryl J. , Johnston Christine , Barnabas Ruanne V. , Arnold Samuel L. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved for malaria, systemic and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Because HCQ has a proposed multimodal mechanism of action and a well‐established safety profile, it is often investigated as a repurposed therapeutic for a range of indications. There is a large degree of uncertainty in HCQ pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters which complicates dose selection when investigating its use in new disease states. Complications with HCQ dose selection emerged as multiple clinical trials investigated HCQ as a potential therapeutic in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. In addition to uncertainty in baseline HCQ PK parameters, it was not clear if disease‐related consequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection/COVID‐19 would be expected to impact the PK of HCQ and its primary metabolite desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ). To address the question whether SARS‐CoV‐2 infection/COVID‐19 impacted HCQ and DHCQ PK, dried blood spot samples were collected from SARS‐CoV‐2(−)/(+) participants administered HCQ. When a previously published physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to fit the data, the variability in exposure of HCQ and DHCQ was not adequately captured and DHCQ concentrations were overestimated. Improvements to the previous PBPK model were made by incorporating the known range of blood to plasma concentration ratios (B/P) for each compound, adjusting HCQ and DHCQ distribution settings, and optimizing DHCQ clearance. The final PBPK model adequately captured the HCQ and DHCQ concentrations observed in SARS‐CoV‐2(−)/(+)participants, and incorporating COVID‐19‐associated changes in cytochrome P450 activity did not further improve model performance for the SARS‐CoV‐2(+) population.
Impact of a virtual prosthetic case planning environment on perceived immersion, cognitive load, authenticity and learning motivation in dental students
Authors: Liebermann Anja , Lente Isabel , Huth Karin Christine , Erdelt Kurt 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe application of virtual reality (VR) presents a big trend in medical education. The aim of this investigation was the presentation and assessment of a multi‐user virtual prosthetic case planning environment using criteria such as perceived immersion, cognitive load, authenticity and students´ learning motivation during a virtual seminar.Materials and MethodsThe virtual case planning environment consisted of two different virtual environments – the entrance area and the case planning environment. Students and lecturers visited it with the used VR glasses Oculus Quest 2 (Meta Quest). All participants appeared as tooth avatars (molars) during the prosthetic case planning seminar and were able to communicate. These voluntary virtual case planning seminars took place in the clinical prosthetic courses (4th and 5th year). Students were asked to fill in the questionnaire comprising 15 questions separated into four categories, each assessed by a 11‐point Likert scale: perceived presence/immersion, cognitive load, motivation and authenticity. A negative and a positive focus group were built, each consisting of three students answering three guiding questions. An exploratory data analysis was performed with the significance level set at p = .05.ResultsA total of 64 students out of 98 participated in the virtual seminars. The results demonstrated that the students felt very comfortable in the virtual seminar environment and were able to focus well on the content, demonstrated in predominantly positive results for presence/immersion. Cognitive load and authenticity presented positive results. In particular, the motivation of the students showed a high score (median: 2.1–2.6; IQR: 3.9). The cognitive load should be reduced if necessary to increase focus. The cyber sickness is a challenge for some students as well as the technical requirements of the internet connection, which needs to be addressed. Nevertheless, virtual case planning seminars are an essential tool for motivating the new generation of students.ConclusionsThe results of the investigation demonstrate that the students felt very comfortable in the virtual seminar environment and were able to focus well on the content. The prosthetic case plannings were well understood and the students quickly become familiar with the environment. The cognitive load could be reduced to increase focus. In particular, the motivation of the students showed a high score. The cyber sickness is a challenge for some students as well as the technical requirements of the internet connection, which needs to be addressed.
Correlation between attitude towards dental care for older adults and ageism in dental students and clinical trainees: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Izumi Maya , Fujii Wataru , Akifusa Sumio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionSince the needs for dental care among older adults in Japan are expected to increase in the future, this study aimed to examine the influence of ageism among dental students and clinical trainees on the attitude towards the older adults in dental care.Materials and MethodsIn 2022, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 9th‐, 11th‐semester dental students and first‐year clinical trainees enrolled at Kyushu Dental University, using the Japanese version of Ageism Scale for Dental Students (ASDS‐J), Japanese version of Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA‐J). Questions on intention to provide dental care to the older adults, relationships with the older adults and living with the older adults were also surveyed.ResultsThere were 162 participants (84 males and 78 females), and the response rate was 71.7%. The participants were divided into the positive group for dental care to older adults (68 respondents) and the negative group (94 respondents). The ASDS‐J score of the negative group was significantly higher than that of the positive group [49 (36–66) vs. 52 (34–88), p < .001]. The binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio of being negative attitude was 1.1 per one point of ASDS‐J (95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.2) in the model adjusted for student grade, interaction with the older adults, gender, experience living with the older adults and FSA‐J.ConclusionThese findings suggest that ageism specific to dental students and clinical trainees (as assessed using the ASDS‐J) was independently correlated with negative attitudes towards dental care for older adults.
Age‐related changes in sensory and motor components of the Hoffmann‐reflex pathway of the flexor carpi radialis
Authors: Henry Mélanie , Duchateau Jacques , Baudry Stéphane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAgeing is accompanied by numerous changes within the sensory and motor components of the muscle spindle pathway. To further document these age‐related changes, this study compared the characteristics of the Hoffmann (H) reflex and M wave, evoked with several pulse durations, between young and old adults. The H‐reflex and M‐wave recruitment curves were recorded at rest in the flexor carpi radialis of 12 young (21–36 years) and 12 older adults (62–80 years). For each pulse duration (0.05, 0.2 and 1 ms), the maximal M‐wave (MMAX) and H‐reflex (HMAX) amplitude, the M‐wave amplitude associated with HMAX (MHmax) and the H‐reflex amplitude for a stimulus intensity evoking an M‐wave of 5% MMAX (HM5%) were measured. The strength‐duration time constant and response threshold were estimated from the charge/stimulus‐duration relation for the H reflex and M wave. Results indicate that varying pulse duration mainly induces a similar effect on H‐reflex and M‐wave recruitment curves between young and older adults. Regardless of pulse duration, old adults had lesser HMAX (p = 0.029) and HM5% (p < 0.001) but greater MHmax (p < 0.001). The H‐reflex and M‐wave response thresholds were greater in old than young adults (p = 0.003), but the strength‐duration time constant was lesser in old than young adults for the H reflex (p = 0.048) but not the M wave (p = 0.21). These results suggest greater age‐related changes in the sensory than the motor component of the H‐reflex pathway, which may be indicative of a greater loss of sensory than motor axons or alterations of synapses between Ia afferents and motor neurones.
Interpretable spectroscopic modelling of soil with machine learning
Authors: Wadoux Alexandre M. J.‐C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpectroscopic modelling of soil has advanced greatly with the development of large spectral libraries, computational resources and statistical modelling. The use of complex statistical and algorithmic tools from the field of machine learning has become popular for predicting properties from their visible, near‐ and mid‐infrared spectra. Many users, however, find it difficult to trust the predictions made with machine learning. We lack interpretation and understanding of how the predictions were made, so that these models are often referred to as black boxes. In this study, I report on the development and application of a model‐independent method for interpreting complex machine learning spectroscopic models. The method relies on Shapley values, a statistical approach originally developed in coalitional game theory. In a case study for predicting the total organic carbon from a large European mid‐infrared spectroscopic database, I fitted a random forest machine learning model and showed how Shapley values can help us understand (i) the average contribution of individual wavenumbers, (ii) the contribution of the spectrum‐specific wavenumbers, and (iii) the average contribution of groups of spectra taken together with similar characteristics. The results show that Shapley values revealed more insights than commonly used interpretation methods based on the variable importance. The most striking spectral regions identified as important contributors to the prediction corresponded to the molecular vibration of organic and inorganic compounds that are known to relate to organic carbon. Shapley values are a useful methodological development that will yield a better understanding and trust of complex machine learning and algorithmic tool in soil spectroscopy research.
The toxicity of dysregulated Plk1 activity revealed by its suppressor mutations
Authors: Kamakura Nana , Takahashi Motoko , Jo Minji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a mitotic kinase that has multiple functions throughout the cell cycle. Catalytic activation of Plk1 is known to be regulated by phosphorylation of the kinase domain, including Thr210, and by releasing the kinase domain from its inhibitory polo‐box domain. However, how Plk1 is activated to fulfill its proper roles, in time and space, is not well understood. In this study, we unintentionally found that the expression of a constitutively active form of human Plk1 is toxic to bacterial cells, such that cells contained point mutations that alleviate the kinase activity. Structural prediction revealed that these mutations are adjacent to the amino acids supporting the kinase activity. When human cells express these mutants, we found decreased levels of Plk1's substrate phosphorylation, resulting in mitotic defects. Moreover, unlike in bacterial cells, the expression of activated Plk1 mutants did not affect cell proliferation in human cells unless localized at the right place in mitosis. Our observations identified new suppressor mutations and underscored the importance of spatiotemporal regulation in Plk1, providing a basis for how we might intervene in this kinase for therapeutic purpose in human cells.
Lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Age‐dependent differences in pathology, prognosis, and liver‐related events
Authors: Kawanaka Miwa , Nishino Ken , Kawada Mayuko , Ishii Katsunori , Tanikawa Tomohiro , Katsumata Ryo , Urata Noriyo , Nakamura Jun , Suehiro Mitsuhiko , Haruma Ken , Kawamoto Hirofumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the age‐specific characteristics, prognosis, and complications of patients with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsBackground factors (age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and PNPLA3 gene polymorphism), blood test results, liver histology findings, muscle mass, and grip strength were investigated in 782 patients with NAFLD who underwent liver biopsy. Prognosis and complications were compared among 549 patients with nonlean or lean NAFLD who were followed up for 6.5 years. Additionally, background factors, blood test results, liver histology findings, prognosis, and complications were compared according to age (≥60 years vs. <60 years) in patients with lean NAFLD.ResultsLean NAFLD patients showed lower aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, ferritin, and leptin but higher adiponectin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels than patients with nonlean NAFLD. Furthermore, lean NAFLD patients showed less liver fibrosis, inflammation, steatosis, and ballooning. Among lean NAFLD patients, those aged 60 years and older were more frequently female, showed higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, had higher HbA1c and type IV collagen 7S levels, lower platelet count, higher liver fibrosis and inflammation grades, and lower muscle mass and grip strength. Lean NAFLD was associated with a worse prognosis in patients aged 60 years and over than in those younger than 60 years of age and with a higher incidence of liver‐related disease, cerebrocardiovascular events, and nonliver cancer.ConclusionsAge is an important consideration in patients with lean NAFLD. Compared with nonlean NAFLD, lean NAFLD was associated with a worse prognosis and higher risk of complications in patients aged 60 years and older.
Extrusion or alkaline hydrogen peroxide prior to enzymatic hydrolysis by a carbohydrase mixture improves techno‐functional properties of okara
Authors: Yoshida Bruna Yumi , da Silva Paulo Rogério Catarini , Prudencio Sandra Helena 
Published: April 2023

SummaryOkara is a soyfood processing by‐product with high level of insoluble dietary fibres. It is often underutilised due to undesirable effects on food texture. To improve hydration properties and increase soluble fibre, okara was treated by extrusion (ET) or alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and then, each modified sample was hydrolysed by a carbohydrase mixture (EH). Other physical, chemical, and techno‐functional properties were studied. ET + EH increased low‐molecular‐weight fibres and oil absorption and holding capacity and reduced water absorption and holding capacity. AHP + EH increased soluble fibres, sugars, water absorption and holding capacity, swelling capacity, and protein solubility in water and decreased oil absorption and holding capacity and solids stability in water. Both changed microstructure, cellulose crystallinity, and colour. This study provided new insights into the transformation of okara residue into a value‐added ingredient.