bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding amphibian pet trade stakeholders and their role in disease transmission management
Authors: Haddock Giavanna , Warwick Alexa R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn an increasingly globalized society, wildlife trade facilitates the spread of invasive species and diseases. Amphibians are of particular concern because of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) that has been spread internationally through the amphibian trade from Asia to Europe. Preventing the establishment of Bsal in North America is critical because of the high salamander biodiversity and the paucity of viable management actions once Bsal is detected in an area. Amphibian pet trade stakeholders have had little to no input in the few preventative management actions taken and the pet trade continues to practice problematic behaviors. Engagement is critical to encourage behavior change and affect future preventative actions. Here, we conducted an exploratory study using semi‐structured interviews with 22 amphibian pet trade stakeholders from 5 primary groups across the United States. Interview questions addressed their identities, knowledge, opinions, and behaviors surrounding biosecurity, husbandry, and Bsal management actions. Their knowledge and attitudes toward management actions varied depending upon the topic, and over half were aware of Bsal. Amphibian pet trade stakeholders rely heavily on online forums and interpersonal relationships for information sharing. Our results support implementing effective management to combat Bsal establishment in North America and provide insight to address growing threats of introduced diseases through human behavior‐driven pathways.
Boundary estimates for doubly nonlinear parabolic equations
Authors: Gianazza Ugo , Jesus David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider non-negative, weak solutions to the doubly nonlinear parabolic equation

$$\begin{aligned} \partial _t \left( u^q\right) -\operatorname {div}\left( |Du|^{p-2}Du\right) =0 \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

u
q

-
div

|
D
u
|

p
-
2

D
u

=
0

in the super-critical fast diffusion regime

$$\displaystyle 0<p-1<q<\frac{N(p-1)}{(N-p)_+}$$

0
<
p
-
1
<
q
<

N
(
p
-
1
)

(
N
-
p
)

+

. We show that when solutions vanish continuously at the Lipschitz boundary of a parabolic cylinder

$$\Omega _T$$

Ω
T

, they satisfy proper Carleson estimates. Assuming further regularity for the boundary of the domain

$$\Omega _T$$

Ω
T

, we obtain a power-like decay at the boundary and a boundary Harnack inequality.
A new harmony box supplemented with gonial angle and age based on a growing Swiss population
Authors: Lorenz Nele , Koletsi Despina , Patcas Raphael , Jungbauer Rebecca , Koretsi Vasiliki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The scope of the present study was to create a new harmony box by adding two diagnostically and clinically important cephalometric variables, the gonial and interincisal angles, while also considering the effect of sex and age for a growing Swiss population.

Methods
A healthy sample with an overjet and overbite between 2 and 4 mm, and 1.5 and 4.5 mm, respectively, of the Zurich Craniofacial Growth Study was considered. Pairwise correlations between the cephalometric angles were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Regression models were built for each cephalometric variable serving as the dependent one. The Akaike Information Criterion and the Bayesian Information Criterion were used to structure and select the final multivariable regression model. Bland–Altman plots and the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient were used to assess inter- and intraexaminer agreement.

Results
The sample consisted of 301 individuals with a mean age of 13.4 years. Measurement concordance was confirmed both within and between examiners. The strongest correlations were observed between the angles SNB and SNA (r = 0.81), ArGoMe and SN-ML (r = 0.57), and SN-ML and SNB (r = 0.56). The SNB angle qualified as the dependent variable in the multivariable regression that framed the newly provided harmony box, with the predictor variables age (p < 0.001) and the angles SNA (p < 0.001), SN-ML (p < 0.001), SN-NL (p = 0.005), NSBa (p = 0.001), and ArGoMe (p < 0.001). The interincisal angle did not increase the robustness of the model and was excluded (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Contrary to the interincisal angle, gonial angle and age qualified for inclusion in the new harmony box for individualized cephalometrics in a sample of healthy schoolchildren from Zurich, Switzerland.
Income disaster model with optimal consumption
Authors: Park Seyoung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a continuous-time income disaster model with optimal consumption. We endogenously determine the stochastic discount factor (SDF) in an incomplete market caused by income disaster. We then derive optimal consumption decisions for two types of agents, one who is exposed to income disaster and another who is not. We find a large incomplete-markets precautionary savings term between the two agents, which pushes the interest rate down and helps to resolve the risk-free rate puzzle. Interestingly, with income disaster the equilibrium interest rate is a decreasing function of risk aversion while the equity premium is an increasing function. Finally, our model can better match empirical marginal propensities to consume numbers and explain the low-consumption-high-savings puzzle.
Management of post-operative anaemia in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: a qualitative focus group-based study
Authors: Lawday Samuel , Williams Susannah , James Elizabeth , Court Emma L. , Carter Fiona , Rushton Francesca , Dampier Cat , O’Malley E. J. , Barrington M. , Bethune Rob , Francis Nader 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Optimal management of anaemia following surgery for colorectal cancer remains unclear. Peri-operative anaemia is common in patients undergoing resectional surgery for colorectal cancer. A significant amount of research has been conducted into the management of pre-operative anaemia; however, little work has investigated post-operative anaemia. We intended to investigate the facilitators of and barriers against the standardised correction of post-operative anaemia. These can aid in identifying optimum treatment for patients following surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods
Four focus groups were held with 29 participants from a multidisciplinary panel of healthcare professionals from two different NHS hospital sites in the UK. The discussions were audio recorded and underwent professional transcription. Transcripts were checked against recordings before undergoing thematic analysis using a realist approach.

Results
Four themes were identified. The key barriers to standardised post-operative anaemia correction were a lack of protocoled guidelines or a defined pathway, insufficient education and training, and systemic barriers, such as financial drivers and drug availability. The key facilitator identified was collaboration and communication.

Discussion
This study has identified several key barriers and thresholds which can be used in future studies to improve the standardised management of post-operative anaemia.
Reduced antioxidant high-density lipoprotein function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sasko Benjamin , Kelesidis Theodoros , Kostin Sawa , Scharow Linda , Mueller Rhea , Jaensch Monique , Wintrich Jan , Christ Martin , Ritter Oliver , Ukena Christian , Pagonas Nikolaos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome affecting a growing global population. Due to the high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, a large proportion of the Western population is at risk for heart failure. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). While previous studies have demonstrated an association between dysfunctional HDL and heart failure, the specific link between oxidized HDL and HF remains unexplored.

Methods
In this cross-sectional observational study, the antioxidant function of HDL was assessed in 366 patients with suspected heart failure. HFpEF assessment was conducted according to current guidelines. A validated cell-free biochemical assay was used to determine reduced HDL antioxidant function as assessed by increased HDL-lipid peroxide content (HDLox), normalized by HDL-C levels and the mean value of a pooled serum control from healthy participants (nHDLox; no units). Results were expressed as median with interquartile range (IQR).

Results
Participants with HFpEF (n = 88) had 15% higher mean relative levels of nHDLox than those without heart failure (n = 180). Using a basic multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, eGFR and a full multivariate model (adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, LDL cholesterol, hsCRP, and coronary artery disease), nHDLox was an independent predictor for HFpEF (p < 0.05). An increase in 1-SD in nHDLox was associated with a 67% increased risk for HFpEF if compared with participants without heart failure (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
HDL antioxidant function is reduced in patients with HFpEF. Improving HDL function is a promising target for early heart failure treatment.
Reproducibility of fetal ultrasound doppler parameters used for growth assessment
Authors: Zidan Sweid Raghda , Donadono Vera , Casagrandi Davide , Sarno Laura , Attilakos George , Pandya Pran , Napolitano Raffaele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To produce standards of references for quality control and assess the reproducibility of fetal ultrasound Doppler measurements commonly used for blood flow assessment in fetal growth.

Methods
Women with singleton normal pregnancies were prospectively recruited at University College London Hospital, UK, between 24 and 41 weeks. Umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and their pulsatility indices (PI), resistance indices (RI) and ratios such as cerebro-placental (CPR) and umbilical cerebral ratio (UCR) were obtained twice by two sonographers in training or after completion of training, blind to each other’s measurements. Bland–Altman plots were generated, the mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated to assess intra- and interobserver reproducibility. Values were expressed as absolute values or as z-score.

Results
One hundred ten women were recruited. Overall reproducibility was variable for absolute values and highly variable for z-scores, independently from vessel sampled, index or ratio used, intra- or interobserver reproducibility. The widest absolute values of 95% LOA were 0.3 for UA PI, 0.7 for MCA PI, 0.9 for CPR and 0.3 for UCR, respectively. Regarding z-score, the widest 95% LOA were 1.9 for UA PI, 2.1 for CPR and 1 for UCR. Reproducibility was slightly better for intra- compared with interobserver variability. There was significant difference in z-score reproducibility between MCA peak systolic velocity and CPR vs UCR.

Conclusions
Reference standards of reproducibility of fetal Doppler parameters are produced for standardization and quality-control purposes. Overall, the reproducibility for fetal Doppler parameters was variable independently from vessel sampled, Doppler index (PI or RI) or ratio used, intra- and interobserver comparison. UCR was the most reproducible parameter which should be recommended, together with UA PI, for clinical use and in research studies on fetal growth.
Bark thickness variation in five young South African-grown Pinus species and hybrids
Authors: Akello Scovia , Drew David M. , Balboni Bruno M. , Wessels Coenraad Brand 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Key message

Understanding bark allocation in juvenile stages of commercially viable

Pinus

trees can be useful in dating wood formation, thus improving the accuracy of correlating wood quality to environmental factors.

Abstract
Bark is an important and multifunctional part of plant anatomy that has been researched mostly in the context of fire history, timber resource assessments and more recently as a bioresource. Few studies have comprehensively examined bark thickness in some commercially valuable Pinus species. More importantly, the role of bark in accurately dating wood formation has seldom been researched. This study was conducted to model and compare bark thickness variation between different species of young South African-grown Pinus trees including Pinus radiata var. radiata D. Don., Pinus elliottii Engelm., Pinus elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, Pinus patula × Pinus tecunumanii (Low Elevation), and Pinus patula × Pinus tecunumanii (High Elevation). Measurements were taken at 1.6 and 2.3 years including absolute and relative bark thickness and distribution along the stem. Results showed species-specific variation in absolute and relative bark thickness with the highest means recorded in Pinus elliottii × Pinus caribaea and lowest in Pinus radiata. A positive linear relationship was observed between bark thickness and diameter, consistent with all species and ages. Absolute bark thickness decreased along the stem from bottom to top while more nuanced patterns of variation were observed for relative bark thickness. These findings underscore the importance of understanding bark thickness in young trees for various applications, including dating wood formation, anticipatory breeding strategies for quality wood and predicting stand quality among others.
New 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages of Archaean to early Proterozoic rocks in northern Sweden and implications for the 1.8–1.5 Ga tectonothermal history of northernmost Fennoscandia
Authors: Billström Kjell , Bergman Stefan , Mark Chris , Barfod Dan N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The bedrock in northernmost Sweden comprises Archaean (2.8–2.65 Ga) and Karelian (2.4–1.96 Ga) rocks and a volumetrically dominant population of magmatic rocks which formed during the Svecofennian (1.9–1.8 Ga) stage. New Ar–Ar (hornblende and muscovite) and U–Pb (zircon and monazite) isotopic results from representative lithologies are used to shed further light on the geological evolution. With respect to the Ar–Ar isotopic system, somewhat variable dates (hornblende) are interpreted as cooling ages that indicate different uplift histories, following a 1.8 Ga metamorphic peak, at different sides of the Karesuando-Arjeplog deformation zone. Other post-1.7 Ga 40Ar/39Ar ages are suggested to reflect either a neocrystallisation (muscovite) or an event leading to isotopic resetting (hornblende). It is suggested that post-1.76 Ga crustal processes have influenced the Ar–Ar mineral systems during three relatively short-lived (a few tens of million years) stages; peaking at ~ 1.73 Ga, ~ 1.63 Ga and ~ 1.55 Ga. Tentatively, the timing of these stages is coupled with far-field effects that elsewhere are associated with the alkali-rich granitic magmatism forming part of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (the 1.73 Ga event) and Rapakivi massifs (the 1.63 and 1.56 Ga events). It is proposed that the N-S to NW–SE orientation of these vast, regional granitic complexes matches that of major deformation zones in northernmost Fennoscandia and that locally initiated hydrothermal fluids followed weakness zones in the crust and ultimately led to element mobilisation, new mineral growth and isotopic over-printing preferentially affecting shear- and ore zones.

Graphical abstract
Structural changes of muscle spindles in the multifidus muscle after intervertebral disk injury are resolved by targeted muscle activation
Authors: James Greg , Ahern Ben , Goodwin Wendy , Goss Ben , Hodges Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Fibrosis of muscle spindles (sensory organs) in back muscles induced by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration could limit transmission of muscle stretch to the sensory receptor and explain the proprioceptive deficits common in back pain. Exercise reduces back muscles fibrosis. This study investigated whether targeted muscle activation via neurostimulation reverses or resolves muscle spindle fibrosis in a model of IVD injury.

Methods
In eighteen sheep, lumbar (L)1–2 and L3-4 IVD degeneration was induced by partial thickness anulus fibrosis incision and a neurostimulator was implanted. After IVD-degeneration developed for 3 months, neurostimulation of the L2 nerve root activated multifidus in nine randomly selected animals. Multifidus muscle adjacent to the spinous process of L2 (non-stimulated) and L4 (stimulated) was harvested 3 months after activation. Muscle spindles were identified in Van Giessen’s-stained sections. Connective tissue spindle capsule thickness, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the spindle, its periaxial fluid and sensory elements were measured. Immunofluorescence assays evaluated Collagen-I and -III.

Results
Multifidus muscle spindle capsule thickness and Collagen-1 were significantly less in the neurostimulation animals than IVD-injury animals at L4 (stimulated muscle) (P < 0.05), but not L2 (non-stimulated muscle). Spindle capsule thickness was less in lateral than medial regions. CSA of the muscle spindle and sensory elements was less in neurostimulated animals at L4.

Conclusion
Targeted multifidus activation reverses or prevents accumulation of connective tissue of the multifidus muscle spindle capsule caused by IVD injury. Reduced fibrosis should maintain sensory function of this important muscle mechanoreceptor and might provide an effective solution to resolve the commonly identified proprioceptive deficits in back pain and maintain healthy spine function.
Joule Effect in Electrically Aligned CNFs: Toward Fast Heating of Liquids
Authors: Franco-Bacca A. P. , Forero-Sandoval I. Y. , Pech-May N. W. , Alvarado-Gil J. J. , Cervantes-Alvarez F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efficient use of heating systems is necessary from an environmental and economic perspective. This work analyses the Joule effect and the thermal transport properties of carbon nanofibers dispersed in ethylene–glycol aligned by applying a constant AC electric field. We tested several weight fraction concentrations from 0.1 % to 1 % wt of carbon nanofibers. The evolution of temperature and electric current as a function of time was analyzed. The amount of heat generated was quantified using Joule's law equation, and we estimated the thermal conductivity as a function of the concentration before and after the voltage application. The dependence of the temperature increase on the concentration of carbon nanofibers and electric voltage was investigated. Our work explores the viability of using carbon nanofiber dispersed in ethylene glycol in developing intelligent fluids useful for heat generation and release, with applications in heat management systems, such as those used for deicing.
Intentions in interactions: an enactive reply to expressive communication proposals
Authors: Cuffari Elena C. , Figueiredo Nara M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The search for origins of human linguistic behavior is a consuming project in many fields. Philosophers drawing on studies of animal behavior are working to revise some of the standard cognitive requirements in hopes of linking the origins of human language to non-human animal communication. This work depends on updates to Grice’s theory of communicative intention and Millikan’s teleosemantics. Yet the classic idea of speaker meaning on which these new projects rest presupposes coherent, stable, individual, internal, and prior intention as a cognitive or mental state, which is also the framework presupposed in theory of mind. This framework neglects the co-authored nature of communicative intentions and is thereby at odds with enactivist views of cognition. In this paper we draw on the idea of participatory sense-making alongside research on non-human animal communication to identify utterances—co-authored meaningful acts—as the token of communicative activity cross-species. Utterances by our definition are expressive, relational, and work without mindreading. In closing we propose the possibility of dialogical subjectivity, and engage with animal studies to show that some species exhibit its traits.
Age-specific effects of a sustained cognitive activity on perceived cognitive fatigue as well as single- and dual-task treadmill walking performance
Authors: Schlegel Martin , Weippert Matthias , Feldhege Frank , Knaack Franziska , Mittlmeier Thomas , Bruhn Sven , Behrens Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
During their daily lives humans are often confronted with sustained cognitive activities (SCA) leading to state fatigue, a psychobiological state characterized by a decrease in cognitive and/or motor performance and/or an increase in perception of fatigue. It was recently shown that performing SCA can impair overground dual-task gait performance in older adults, but it is currently unknown whether there is a task- and/or age-specific modulation in gait performance during treadmill walking. Therefore, the effect of a SCA on single- and dual-task treadmill walking performance was investigated in young and old adults. Using a crossover design, spatio-temporal gait parameters of 24 young and 23 older healthy participants were measured using motion capturing during single- and dual-task (including three cognitive interference tasks: word list generation, arithmetic, and Stroop-task) treadmill walking before and after SCA (30 min Stroop-task) and a control task (reading). Moreover, cognitive fatigue, wakefulness, mood, and arousal were assessed. Although the SCA induced age-specific perceptual responses, no difference was found for cognitive performance during the Stroop-task. The cognitive interference task performance (word list generation, arithmetic, and Stroop-task) during walking on the treadmill did not decrease after the SCA. Single- and dual-task gait performance (e. g., step width and step length) specifically changed after the SCA and after the reading control task in both groups. Data indicate that perceived cognitive fatigue has an impact on single- and dual-task treadmill walking performance, with task- and age-specific differences. Although no general age-specific changes in single- and dual task gait performance following SCA were identified, perceived cognitive fatigue should be considered as an intrinsic risk factor for falls.