bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Watch out for lung tissue trapped by fractured ribs
Authors: Jiang Jipeng , Wang Linghui , Liu Yang , Xia Hui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A 52-year-old woman was injured in an accident. Emergency tests showed rib fractures and pleural effusion. However, lung incarceration was found during the thoracic exploration that was not detected in the preoperative images. Although this occurrence is rare, clinicians should be careful of this possible pitfall, which may bring about a poor prognosis after a rib fracture.
Risk of type 2 diabetes after diagnosed gestational diabetes is enhanced by exposure to PM2.5
Authors: Pan Shih-Chun , Huang Ching-Chun , Chen Bing-Yu , Chin Wei-Shan , Guo Yue Leon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Air pollution and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are both associated with increased diabetes mellitus (DM) occurrence. However, whether air pollutants modify the effects of GDM on the occurrence of DM has been unknown. This study aims to determine whether the effect of GDM on DM development can be modified by exposure to ambient air pollutants.

Methods
Women with one singleton birth delivery during 2004–14 according to the Taiwan Birth Certificate Database (TBCD) were included as the study cohort. Those newly diagnosed as having DM 1 year or later after childbirth were identified as DM cases. Controls were selected among women without DM diagnosis during follow-up. Personal residence was geocoded and linked with interpolated concentrations of air pollutants into township levels. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) of pollutant exposure and GDM, adjusting for age, smoking and meteorological variables.

Results
There were 9846 women who were newly diagnosed as having DM over a mean follow-up period of 10.2 years. We involved them and the 10-fold matching controls involved in our final analysis. The OR (odds ratio) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) of DM occurrence per interquartile range increased in particulate matter (PM) smaller than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) was 1.31 (1.22–1.41) and 1.20 (1.16–1.25), respectively. The effects of PM exposure on DM development were significantly higher in the GDM group (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.84–3.30) than in the non-GDM group (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.21–1.40).

Conclusions
Exposure to high levels of PM2.5 and O3 elevates the risk of DM. GDM acted synergistically in DM development with exposure to PM2.5 but not with that to O3.
Exergoeconomic evaluation of a new carbon-free hydrogen and freshwater production system based on biomass gasification process
Authors: Zhang Xinhua , Li Hong , Taghavi Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article is based on the conceptual-thermodynamic design and exergoeconomic investigation of a new poly-generation system driven by a biomass fuel (i.e. wood). In the proposed energy system, a Rankine power process, a gasification process, a desalination process (i.e. multi-effect desalination, MED) and a water electrolyzer (i.e. solid oxide electrolyzer cell, SOEC) are installed in a hybrid form. Electric energy, fresh water and hydrogen gas are the useful output products of the proposed energy system. The proposed energy system indicates an innovative framework for the carbon-free production of these products, which introduces an environmentally friendly and efficient schematic. The findings of the research indicated that the proposed energy system is capable of producing more than 1.8 MW of electric power. Other useful output products of the proposed energy system include hydrogen fuel and fresh water, which were calculated as 0.0036 kg/s and 9.92 m3/h, respectively. It was also calculated that the proposed energy system can achieve energetic and exergetic efficiencies equal to 37.1% and 17.8%, respectively. The total unit exergy cost of the products and the exergy destruction rate of the proposed energy system were equal to 15.9$/GJ and 8640 kW, respectively. Parametric analysis is also presented in order to identify the input variables affecting the performance of the energy system. Further, the behavior of the system under four different types of biomass was evaluated and compared.
Computer model of IL-6-dependent rheumatoid arthritis in F759 mice
Authors: Yamamoto Reiji , Yamada Satoshi , Atsumi Toru , Murakami Kaoru , Hashimoto Ari , Naito Seiichiro , Tanaka Yuki , Ohki Izuru , Shinohara Yuta , Iwasaki Norimasa , Yoshimura Akihiko , Jiang Jing-Jing , Kamimura Daisuke , Hojyo Shintaro , Kubota Shimpei I , Hashimoto Shigeru , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which describes the simultaneous activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κb nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in synovial fibroblasts causes the infiltration of immune cells into the joints of F759 mice. The result is a disease that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. However, the kinetics and regulatory mechanisms of how augmented transcriptional activation by STAT3 and NF-κB leads to F759 arthritis is unknown. We here show that the STAT3-NF-κB complex is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus and accumulates around NF-κB binding sites of the IL-6 promoter region and established a computer model that shows IL-6 and IL-17 (interleukin 17) signaling promotes the formation of the STAT3-NF-κB complex followed by its binding on promoter regions of NF-κB target genes to accelerate inflammatory responses, including the production of IL-6, epiregulin, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), phenotypes consistent with in vitro experiments. The binding also promoted cell growth in the synovium and the recruitment of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and macrophages in the joints. Anti-IL-6 blocking antibody treatment inhibited inflammatory responses even at the late phase, but anti-IL-17 and anti-TNFα antibodies did not. However, anti-IL-17 antibody at the early phase showed inhibitory effects, suggesting that the IL-6 amplifier is dependent on IL-6 and IL-17 stimulation at the early phase, but only on IL-6 at the late phase. These findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism of F759 arthritis can be recapitulated in silico and identify a possible therapeutic strategy for IL-6 amplifier-dependent chronic inflammatory diseases.
Oral Endotracheal Tube Stabilization for Facial Burns in Infants—Report of Two Techniques
Authors: Dillon Jasjit K , Bhat Aparna , Barnes Christopher , Stewart Barclay , Burke Andrea B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Establishing a secure airway is critical in the acute phase of facial burns. This case report involving a 9-month-old infant with facial burns describes two techniques of securing an oral airway—trans-alveolar wiring and the application of an intermaxillary fixation (IMF) screw. The use of an IMF screw was more reliable than trans-alveolar wiring, as it allowed a secure airway through the patient’s hospitalization, which involved seven additional surgical interventions including five separate facial skin grafts over a 3-month period.
Identity, Information, and Situations
Authors: Pennesi Daniele 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a model of individual behavior based on identity, a person’s sense of self. The individual evaluates situations, that is, sets of available actions given a belief about the actions’ uncertain payoffs. In some situations, a psychological cost arises because the individual’s identity prescribes an action that differs from the one maximizing material benefits. The model shows that a common process of weighing psychological costs and material benefits drives the choice of both information and future opportunities. As a result, information avoidance is akin to preferring fewer opportunities, such as crossing the street to avoid a fundraiser. The model provides a coherent rationalization for diverse behaviors, including willful ignorance, opting out of social dilemmas, and excess entry into competitive environments. The psychological cost varies non-monotonically with the quality of information or with having more opportunities. Non-monotonicity complicates the identification of prescriptions from behavior, a difficulty that is partially resolvable by observing specific choices.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab in patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer in Japan
Authors: Sugiura Kiyoaki , Hiratsuka Hiroki , Oshima Go , Aiko Satoshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab has recently been recognized as a standard treatment regimen for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and the microsatellite-instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient mutation. However, its cost-effectiveness in late-line treatment remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab for patients with microsatellite-instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods
Markov decision modeling using treatment costs, disease-free survival and overall survival was performed to examine the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab monotherapy compared with chemotherapy, and best supportive care. The Japanese healthcare payer’s perspective was adopted. The outcomes were modeled on the basis of published literature. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio between the strategies. Sensitivity analyses were performed and the effects of uncertainty on the model parameters were investigated.

Results
Pembrolizumab monotherapy had incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of $408204.3 per quality-adjusted life-year gained compared with best supportive care and $489123.4 per quality-adjusted life-year gained compared with chemotherapy. Given a Japanese willingness-to-pay threshold of $69560.38 per quality-adjusted life-year, the base case results suggested that pembrolizumab monotherapy was not cost-effective. The sensitivity analysis results were in line with the base case results.

Conclusion
Pembrolizumab monotherapy is not a cost-effective option in late-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and microsatellite-instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient mutation in the Japanese healthcare system. Further studies on its cost-effectiveness in first-line treatment are warranted.
Uncovering plant epigenetics: new insights into cytosine methylation in rye genomes
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Nayakoti Swapna , Brock Natasha , Halford Nigel G 
Published: May 2023

This article comments on:
Kalinka A, Starczak M, Gackowski D, Stępień E, Achrem M. 2023. Global DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level and its chromosomal distribution in four rye species. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 3488–3502.
Combination of in vivo proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation identifies the host target network of a tumor-inducing effector in the fungal maize pathogen Ustilago maydis
Authors: Shi Wei , Stolze Sara C , Nakagami Hirofumi , Misas Villamil Johana C , Saur Isabel M L , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Plant pathogens secrete effectors, which target host proteins to facilitate infection. The Ustilago maydis effector UmSee1 is required for tumor formation in the leaf during infection of maize. UmSee1 interacts with maize SGT1 (suppressor of G2 allele of skp1) and blocks its phosphorylation in vivo. In the absence of UmSee1, U. maydis cannot trigger tumor formation in the bundle sheath. However, it remains unclear which host processes are manipulated by UmSee1 and the UmSee1–SGT1 interaction to cause the observed phenotype. Proximity-dependent protein labeling involving the turbo biotin ligase tag (TurboID) for proximal labeling of proteins is a powerful tool for identifying the protein interactome. We have generated transgenic U. maydis that secretes biotin ligase-fused See1 effector (UmSee1–TurboID-3HA) directly into maize cells. This approach, in combination with conventional co-immunoprecipitation, allowed the identification of additional UmSee1 interactors in maize cells. Collectively, our data identified three ubiquitin–proteasome pathway-related proteins (ZmSIP1, ZmSIP2, and ZmSIP3) that either interact with or are close to UmSee1 during host infection of maize with U. maydis. ZmSIP3 represents a cell cycle regulator whose degradation appears to be promoted in the presence of UmSee1. Our data provide a possible explanation of the requirement for UmSee1 in tumor formation during U. maydis–Zea mays interaction.
Oesophageal diverticula
Authors: Kapp Joshua , Müller Philip , Gutschow Christian A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Oesophageal diverticula are rare entities that are often caused by motility disorders. Diverticular outpouchings may be observed over the entire length of the oesophagus, with a predilection (80% of cases) of the pharyngo-oesophageal region. The risk of malignancy is slightly increased compared with the standard population. Therapeutic management should be tailored to the location, size, symptomatology, and individual perioperative risk of the patient. It can be summarized that asymptomatic diverticula need no therapy; small (&lt;1 cm) diverticula usually need not be resected; and medium (1–3 cm) and large (&gt;4 cm) diverticula should be treated by resection, diverticulopexy, invagination, or (in case of Zenker’s diverticulum) by transoral diverticulo-oesophagostomy. In addition, a myotomy or (in the case of epiphrenic diverticula) alternatively a preoperative balloon dilatation of the sphincter region should be performed. Because of the rarity of oesophageal diverticula and due to the wide range of therapeutic options, expert experience is usually limited even in large hospitals. Therefore, management by an experienced multidisciplinary team using the complete spectrum of today’s endoscopic and surgical options is a prerequisite for effective treatment of this rare disease.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Stüben Björn-Ole , Duprée Anna , Mann Oliver 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, and Barrett’s oesophagus are conditions with a high, and in some parts of the world increasing, prevalence which cause high socioeconomic costs. The treatment of these conditions requires unique interdisciplinary cooperation, and failure to adequately treat these conditions leads to seriously impaired quality of life for the patients affected. For Barrett’s oesophagus, knowledge of the aetiology as well as the treatment of the condition is vital for physicians, and adequate surveillance of patients with Barrett’s disease according to the current literature can save lives by identifying progression to oesophageal cancer at an early stage. This chapter gives a current, evidence-based overview of these conditions as well as the current treatment standards for each of these conditions.
Gastric cancer
Authors: Borgstein Alexander B.J. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The treatment of gastric cancer is influenced by the stage of the gastric tumour. Treatment options may target early-stage, advanced, or metastatic gastric cancer. In this chapter, future treatment options for each of the different stages of gastric cancer are discussed. First, the current curative treatment of gastric cancer is summarized. Then new surgical techniques for early-stage gastric cancer are investigated, followed by a discussion on the use of the sentinel node principle in gastric cancer. New surgical treatments for advanced gastric cancer are then covered. The last section of the chapter discusses new non-surgical treatment for advanced gastric cancer and metastatic disease.
Palliative APRN Practice and Leadership
Authors: Dahlin Constance , Coyne Patrick J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 delves into the evolution of the palliative advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). Important historical milestones in palliative care and palliative nursing are highlighted. Palliative APRNs promote access to palliative care, facilitate evidence-based palliative practices, and deliver safe, quality palliative care across settings and populations. Overall, the emphasis is on the roles of the palliative APRN as a leader in clinical practice, program administration, palliative care–related advocacy and policy, palliative care education, and research in palliative care. The chapter offers a wealth of resources for professional development and addresses specialization, roles, mentorship, and leadership. The authors discuss how APRNs can influence the future of the specialty.
The Palliative APRN in Residential Facilities
Authors: McClean Melissa , Nalls Victoria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in delivering palliative care to patients in two residential facility settings: assisted living facilities and nursing homes. Most often, residents in these settings are living with and dying from advanced chronic and progressive illnesses. There is growing evidence that APRNs in facility settings can improve clinical outcomes for residents with these advanced illnesses. APRNs with specialized training in palliative care are uniquely suited to elevate the quality of care for facility-dwelling individuals by aiding with advance care planning, providing expert symptom management, and coordinating care during transitions. Implementing and sustaining APRN-led care models in these settings can be challenging for multiple reasons, which are discussed. This chapter also provides a case study describing APRN-led evaluation and management in a nursing home setting.
Economically Disadvantaged Urban Dwellers
Authors: Curry Natasha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
One in 10 of the US population lives in poverty, and half of these individuals live in cities. Many studies have uncovered the fact that the poor are more likely to get sick, become seriously sick, and die younger. Palliative care is a vital discipline to help the urban poor, yet, sadly, few have access to it. Providing quality palliative care for the urban poor requires a diverse set of skills and competencies and comes with its own unique challenges. Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) working in this setting must wear many hats: clinician, social worker, therapist, and advocate. Palliative APRNs also have a mandate to lead and transform palliative care in practice, education, research, administration, and policy.
Communication in Pediatric Palliative Care
Authors: Fossa Mallory , McBee Julia , Rusch Rachel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The heart of high-quality pediatric palliative care (PPC) is communication. Major palliative organization have guidelines for effective palliative care communication. The National Consensus Project, American Academy of Pediatrics, National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, and Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association have set standards and guidelines emphasizing the importance of effective, compassionate, and developmentally appropriate communication between the PPC team, child, and family. The palliative care advanced practice nurse registered nurse (PP APRN) works collaboratively with the interdisciplinary team, drawing on each member’s strength and expertise to establish rapport and trust with the young person and their family. Together, the team works to understand their collective perception of the serious illness, eliciting values and then integrating the family’s care preferences with medical recommendations to create an individualized care plan.
Culturally Respectful Palliative Care
Authors: Foley Helen , Mazanec Polly 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter defines culturally respectful palliative care and discusses how the advanced practice registered nurse can integrate principles into clinical practice. The chapter emphasizes the importance of first reflecting on one’s own values, practices, and beliefs and recognizing their influence on the delivery of culturally appropriate care. Communication strategies for performing a cultural assessment of the patient and family are presented. Cultural communication considerations such as language differences, health literacy, and access to technology are addressed, and strategies to deal with these issues are offered. Special considerations in the delivery of culturally respectful palliative care (addressing disparities in quality palliative care, supporting beliefs regarding disclosure of prognosis and medical decision-making, recognizing cultural implications of pain and symptom management, integrating cultural rituals and practices into clinical care, and dealing with cultural clashes) are reviewed.
Pain
Authors: Paice Judith A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To provide safe and effective pain relief, the palliative advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) must possess exceptional pain assessment skills, including keen history-taking and physical examination. Biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors should be considered part of a complete assessment and serve as a guide for development of a comprehensive plan of care. APRNs must have comprehensive knowledge of pain management options including appropriate pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies. The APRN consults colleagues who provide interventions such as physical therapy, interventional techniques, and cognitive-behavioral strategies. APRNs must practice universal precautions to detect aberrant behavior with pain medications. Finally, APRNs must implement safe prescribing practices.
Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: Moore Ember S. , Broglio Kathleen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dyspnea and cough are two distinct symptoms that may occur together and cause significant symptom distress. Both symptoms are not completely understood, and treatment has not been well-defined for individuals with serious illness in the context of palliative care. The advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) should possess the skills to assess these symptoms and, when possible and appropriate, treat or refer for the treatment of underlying pathologies that may be causative factors. In advancing disease and at the end of life, the APRN can utilize multiple strategies to decrease the distress associated with cough and dyspnea. The APRN can acknowledge these prevalent symptoms and raise awareness of the quality of life burden they pose to individuals and their caregivers. The APRN can be an educator on best practice in symptom assessment and treatment and should participate in education and research to further ensure that individuals receive appropriate treatment of these distressing symptoms.