bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil Surrounding an Automobile Industry factory in JiaXing, China
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Zhen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The auto parts industry occupies an important strategic position in our national economy, which brings about the pollution problem in the processing of auto parts, especially in the soil polluted by heavy metals. Soil samples were collected from an automobile parts company in Jiaxing, China, and the data were evaluated by the land accumulation index method. It is found that the heavy metal pollution in the downwind direction of the Automobile Parts Co., Ltd. is mainly As, CD, Zn mixed heavy metal pollution, the distribution is not uniform. The coefficient of variation of As was the largest, and the regional variation amplitude was larger. The coefficient of variation of CD, Cr and Ni is 50%, the coefficient of variation of Zn is 39.38%, and the coefficient of variation of PB is the lowest. The accumulative index of AS and CD was 6, which was a very serious pollution. The content of As was 1994.7 mg/kg, the multiple of over-standard was more than 44 times, and the distribution of As in soil was irregular. The pollution level of Zn is Grade 3, which belongs to moderate pollution. The farther away from the downwind outlet of the plant, the lower the pollution degree of heavy metals in the soil. According to the health risk assessment, the main route of heavy metals entering the body is through the mouth, through the way of breathing. Exposure to heavy metals is far less harmful than oral exposure, so we need to pay special attention to farmland soil heavy metal pollution.
Better Than Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Model- based and Model-free Learning Styles
Authors: Yazdani Sadjad , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein , Nadjar-Araabi Babak , Ahmadabadi Majid Nili 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Various decision-making systems work together to shape human behavior. Goal-directed and habitual systems are the two most important systems studied by reinforcement learning (RL) through model-based (MB) and model-free (MF) learning styles, respectively. Human behavior resembles the combination of these two decision-making paradigms, achieved by the weighted sum of the action values of the two styles in an RL framework. The weighting parameter is often extracted by the maximum likelihood (ML) or maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimation method. In this study, we employ RL agents that use a combination of MB and MF decision-making to perform the well-known Daw two-stage task. ML and MAP methods result in less reliable estimates of the weighting parameter, where a large bias toward extreme values is often observed. We propose the knearest neighbor as an alternative nonparametric estimate to improve the estimation error, where we devise a set of 20 features extracted from the behavior of the RL agent. Simulated experiments examine the proposed method. Our method reduces the bias and variance of the estimation error based on the obtained results. Human behavior data from previous studies is investigated as well. The proposed method results in predicting indices such as age, gender, IQ, the dwell time of gaze, and psychiatric disorder indices which are missed by the traditional method. In brief, the proposed method increases the reliability of the estimated parameters and enhances the applicability of reinforcement learning paradigms in clinical trials.
Ventilatory status and secondary brain injuries in infants with moderate neonatal encephalopathy treated by hypothermia
Authors: Bernard Mélanie , debillon Thierry , Guellec Isabelle , Vilotitch Antoine , Ego Anne , chevallier Marie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the association between mechanical ventilation (MV) and secondary brain injury (SBI) in infants with moderate neonatal encephalopathy (NE) under therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in the first 72 hours of life. MV was not associated with SBISO. Hypotension was greater in the MV group, which had greater use of sedatives.
A Highly Efficient Open-shell Singlet Luminescent Diradical with Strong Magnetoluminescence Properties
Authors: Abdurahman Alim , Shen Li , Wang Jingmin , Niu Meiling , Li Ping , Peng Qiming , Wang Jianpu , Lu Geyu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Developing open-shell singlet (OS) diradicals with high luminescent properties and exceptional single-molecule magnetoluminescence (ML) performance is extremely challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy to enhance luminescent efficiency by adjusting the donor conjugation of OS diradicals, thereby achieving a highly luminescent diradical, DR1, with outstanding stability, and making it a viable option for use in the emitting layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). More importantly, the 0.5 wt.%-DR1 doped film demonstrates significant single-molecule magnetoluminescence (ML) properties. A giant ML value of 210% is achieved at a magnetic field of 7 T, showing the great potential of DR1 in magneto-optoelectronic devices.
Evaluating Implementation of NCCN Guideline-Directed Genetic Screening Recommendations for Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ghosh Aditya Kumar , Bhushan Sheena , Abidoye Oluseyi , Rynarzewska Ania Izabela , Robinson Shane , Sampat Devi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In 2019, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommended genetic testing for all patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To evaluate the status of implementation of these guidelines in a loco-regional setting, we performed a retrospective, observational study among patients with newly diagnosed PDAC who received oncologic care at Northeast Georgia Medical Center in Georgia.
Methods
Chart abstraction of patients with newly diagnosed PDAC from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, was performed to include information on genetic testing recommendation and completion, and time from diagnosis to testing. The deidentified dataset was then analyzed using appropriate descriptive and associative statistical testing.
Results
Of the cohort of 109 patients, 32 (29.4%) completed genetic screening; 16 (14.7%) were screened within 10 days of diagnosis. Among the 77 (70.6%) patients who did not receive genetic screening, 45 (41.3%) were not recommended genetic screening despite treatment intent with standard of care therapy. However, 32 (29.4%) were not recommended genetic screening in conjunction with a desire to pursue palliative care/hospice/or due to terminal illness.
Conclusions
The study highlighted the gap in implementation of NCCN guideline-directed genetic testing in PDAC patients as only a third underwent testing suggesting the need for systematic processes to facilitate testing. The test was more likely to be completed if done early in the course, especially soon after the diagnosis. Research is needed to explore discussing genetic testing for the large proportion of patients who are terminally ill at diagnosis where genetic screening would potentially benefit the family members.
Alexithymia, Intolerance to Uncertainty and Psychopathological Dynamics in Subjects Suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Exploratory Study
Authors: Merlo Emanuele Maria , Tutino Rita , Myles Liam Alexander MacKenzie , Settineri Salvatore , Lia Maria Carmela , Minasi Domenico 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) represents a serious chronic condition affecting a wide number of people. Discussion of the physical issues associated with T1DM pervades the literature, however, there is less discussion of the psychological consequences. Psychopathology, alexithymia and uncertainty can be considered as clearly present in this population, and known to be harmful for the onset, maintenance and worsening of disorders. This study aimed to highlight the presence and directions assumed by these phenomena in subjects suffering from T1DM.
Methods
105 subjects (F: 60%), aged between 11 and 17 years old (M: 13.88; SD: 2.16) affected by T1DM were included. To assess the presence of psychopathology, SAFA scales (Depression, Anxiety and Somatic symptoms) were included in the protocol together with TAS-20 and IUS-12, respectively, which evaluate the presence and role of alexithymia and intolerance to uncertainty in the sample.
Results
A concerning presence of anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms was found in the sample. Psychopathology appeared to be consistently represented in the sample, often overcoming pathological indexes. Alexithymia and uncertainty were common, highlighting their role in the light of the main pathology (T1DM). Continuity with current state of the art emerged, underlining the need for interventions.
Conclusions
Active psychopathology together with high rates of alexithymia and intolerance to uncertainty were prevalent in the sample. Adolescent subjects suffering from diabetes demonstrated its impact on psychological functioning while the results underlined some psychological phenomena possibly exacerbating general health status.
Can pulsed lighting help adults with dyslexia to read better: Testing LeFloch and Ropars’s hypothesis
Authors: Lapeyre Eole , Melmi Jean-Baptiste , Colé Pascale , Calabrèse Aurélie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to test Le Floch and Ropars’ hypothesis according to which dyslexia is mainly triggered by visual processing deficits, namely an absence of eye dominance, which induce the aberrant perception of afterimages for individual letters. According to these authors, dyslexic readers would be expected to produce reading performances very similar to those of controls under pulsed lighting conditions. 23 participants with dyslexia and 19 control readers were recruited and asked to perform two reading tasks under three different lighting conditions; standard lighting, pulsed lighting and a combination of the two. We used two reading measures for each participant and each lighting condition: (1) a reading accessibility index (using the MNREAD test) and (2) a text reading comprehension score. To control for individual differences in reading skills, all participants also completed a series of French standardized tests which were used to compute an individual reading impairment score. Finally, visual acuity and eye dominance were measured to control for participants’ visual function. We found no effect of lighting conditions on either of the two reading measures. This was true for all reading impairment score values and irrespective of whether participants showed eye dominance or not. Furthermore, even under pulsed lighting, individuals with dyslexia did not reach the reading performance of skilled adult readers, regardless of their eye dominance. In conclusion, we failed to show a clear positive impact of pulsed lighting on the reading skills of adults with dyslexia. This set of results does not support the visual hypothesis of dyslexia proposed by Le Floch and Ropars.
Effect of Aluminizing on the Oxidation of Inconel 718 and Inconel 738LC Superalloys at 925-1050°C
Authors: Telbakiroğlu Y. Burak , Konca Erkan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A study was undertaken to investigate and compare the high temperature oxidation behaviors of aluminized Inconel 718 and Inconel 738LC nickel-based superalloys. Bare and high activity chemical vapor deposition (CVD) aluminized Inconel 718 and Inconel 738LC samples were oxidized in air at 925, 1000 and 1050°C for 200 hours. Detailed cross-sectional examinations, elemental analyses, mass change measurements, and x-ray diffraction studies were performed. It was observed that the oxidation resistances of both Inconel 718 and 738LC alloys were significantly improved by the Al2O3 layer formed on the NiAl phase that was created on the surfaces of the samples during aluminizing. The beneficial effect of aluminizing was found to be more evident in the case of 738LC alloy samples which showed lower oxidation rates in all test temperatures. It is suggested that the higher aluminum content of the Inconel 738LC alloy, which is 3.43 wt.% vs. 0.49 wt.% in 718, slows down the diffusional flux of Al away from the NiAl phase to the substrate and hence it is the main reason for the superior oxidation resistance of this alloy.
Doxorubicin-Induced Modulation of TGF-β Signaling Cascade in Mouse Fibroblasts: Insights into Cardiotoxicity Mechanisms
Authors: Patricelli Conner , Lehmann Parker , Oxford Julia Thom , Pu Xinzhu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity has been widely observed, yet the specific impact on cardiac fibroblasts is not fully understood. Additionally, the modulation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway by DOX remains to be fully elucidated. This study investigated DOX’s ability to modulate the expression of genes and proteins involved in the TGF-β signaling cascade in mouse fibroblasts from two sources by assessing the impact of DOX treatment on TGF-β inducible expression of pivotal genes and proteins within fibroblasts. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3) and mouse primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with DOX in the presence of TGF-β1 to assess changes in protein levels by western blot and changes in mRNA levels by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) protein levels upon DOX treatment in both NIH3T3 and CFs. Moreover, we observed that DOX inhibited the TGF-β1 induced expression of BMP1 in NIH3T3 cells, while BMP1 levels remained high in CFs, and that TGF-β1 induces the phosphorylation of SMAD2 in both NIH3T3 cells and CFs. While DOX treatment diminished the extent of phosphorylation, the reduction did not reach statistical significance. DOX also inhibited the TGF-β1 induced expression of COL1 in NIH3T3 cells and CFs. Finally, DOX inhibited the TGF-β1 induced expression of Atf4 and increased the expression of Cdkn1a, Id1, Id2, Runx1, Tgfb1, Inhba, Thbs1, Bmp1, and Stat1 in NIH3T3 cells but not CFs, indicating the potential for cell-specific responses to DOX and its modulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the ability of DOX to modulate gene expression and signaling pathways in fibroblasts holds promise for future development of targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity specifically affecting CFs.
Sahel medical intelligence using ChatGPT. One more tool but not the definitive solution
Authors: Llorente-Nieto Pedro , Ramos-Rincón José-Manuel , González-Alcaide Gregorio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Sahel is a region in conflict where the development of medical intelligence (MEDINT) presents various complications. The ChatGPT application is a tool based on artificial intelligence that can be useful in some phases of the intelligence cycle.
Methods
We designed a series of 20 prompts oriented to the different phases of the MEDINT cycle and the answers were analyzed by 4 experts using a Likert scale according to criteria of relevance (range 1– completely irrelevant to 5 – completely relevant) and coherence (range 1– completely incoherence to 5 – completely coherence). Scores were summarized with descriptive statistics.
Results
Among the 160 evaluations generated after the analysis by the experts, the median accuracy score was 3 (mean 3.25, SD 0.99). In direction (mean 4.08, SD 0.14) and elaboration (mean 3.92, SD 0.67), the application shows above-average results in both criteria. In the rest of the phases, the results are consistent, but not relevant. Experts discreetly consider coherence (mean 2.5, SD 0.33)
Conclusions:
1) ChatGPT can be useful as a guide when creating a MEDINT plan for a region.
2) In the rest of the phases, the application itself recognizes its limitations due to not being able to access information in real time or analyze new data.
Artificial intelligence systems based on large language models, can be configured for specific topics and access to restricted data. Therefore, we recommend the advanced study of use of these tools in the field of medical intelligence.
Evaluation of Supervised Learning Models for Automatic Spam Email Detection
Authors: Assegie Tsehay Admassu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper compares the performance of different supervised learning algorithms for email spam detection. The comparison considered performance measures such as the area under the curve (AUC), F-score, precision, and confusion matrix. The paper evaluated the performance of eight supervised learning algorithms for email spam detection. The first stage collected the dataset of emails from the Kaggle repository. The second stage involves pre-processing, duplicate removal, and the dataset features scaling. After the pre-processing stage, the study employed a synthetic minority technique for balancing samples representing the spam and no spam emails in the dataset. In the final stage, the supervised learning algorithms are trained on the pre-processed dataset and then the test result is analyzed. The comparison shows the random forest (RF) model performing at higher accuracy than the other models. The RG model achieved 96.6% accuracy in email spam detection. Thus, the result demonstrates that different models tend to perform differently in email spam detection.
Visualisation of bluetongue virus in the salivary apparatus of Culicoides biting midges highlights the accessory glands as a primary arboviral infection site
Authors: Busquets Marc Guimerà , Brown Faye V. , Carpenter Simon T. , Darpel Karin E. , Sanders Christopher J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Arthropods transmit a wide range of pathogens of importance for the global health of humans, animals, and plants. One of these arthropod vectors, Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), are the biological vectors of several human and animal pathogens, including economically important livestock viruses like bluetongue virus (BTV). Like other arthropods-borne viruses (arboviruses), Culicoides-borne viruses must reach and replicate in the salivary apparatus, from where they can be transmitted to susceptible hosts through the saliva during subsequent blood feeding. Despite the importance of the salivary gland apparatus for pathogen transmission to susceptible animals from the bite of infected Culicoides, these structures have received relatively little attention, perhaps due to the small size and fragility of these vectors.
Results
In this study, we developed techniques to visualize the infection of the salivary glands and other soft tissues with BTV, in one of the smallest known arbovirus vectors, Culicoides biting midges, using three-dimensional immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. We showed BTV infection of specific structures of the salivary gland apparatus of female Culicoides vectors following oral virus uptake, related visualisation of viral infection in the salivary apparatus to high viral RNA copies in the body, and demonstrated for the first time, that the accessory glands are a primary site for BTV replication within the salivary apparatus.
Conclusions
Our work has revealed a novel site of virus-vector interactions, and a novel role of the accessory glands of Culicoides in arbovirus amplification and transmission. Our approach would also be applicable to a wide range of arbovirus vector groups including sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae), as well as provide a powerful tool to investigate arbovirus infection and dissemination, particularly where there are practical challenges in the visualization of small size and delicate tissues of arthropods.
Identification of a Disulfidptosis-related gene associated with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Fan Wei , Fan Shaoyong , Zhou Ming , Hou Huiming , Zou Wen , Gong Li , Shuai Yongming , Li Ji , Wan Liangqi , Hu Liangshen , Xu Tao , Zheng Xianglong , Yu Jiangtao , Wang Rongqing , Deng Chaoqun , Chen Zhenhua , Xie Zan , Yin Haibin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD) is a digestive solid tumor with a poor prognosis among many common cancers. Now a new way of cell death has been discovered. This mode of death is known as disulfide death and may be associated with tumor progression. However, the role of this gene in PAAD and its relationship to prognosis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the prognostic role of disulfide death-related genes in breast cancer and their effects on immunity and interstitium.
Result: In this study, PAAD samples from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases were used to investigate the expression of 10 disulfide death-related genes and the predictive potential of patients' prognosis and survival. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze 10 genes, and it was found that NCKAP1 and RPN1 were highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and correlated with the overall survival of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that NCKAP1 was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients. This study combined NCKAP1 with some clinical factors to construct an ideal prognostic model. In addition, in our study, NCKAP1 was found to be closely related to cancer immune response, and significantly correlated T-cell infiltration, chemotherapy drug sensitivity, and sulfur metabolic channels. The difference in the expression level of NCKAP1 in pancreatic cancer cells and normal controls was verified by the GEO cohort, which was consistent with the public database TCGA.
Conclusion: NCLAP1 may play a role in inducing disulfdptosis and regulating tumor immunity, and can serve as a potential therapeutic target for PAAD.
p38 MAPK fuels proliferation stress and DNA damage impairing the functionality of genetically engineered hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Micco Raffaella Di , Volpe Lucrezia della , Vacca Roberta , Midena Federico , Tavella Teresa , Naldini Matteo Maria , Barcella Matteo , Giannetti Kety , Ferrari Samuele , Beretta Stefano , Farina Giacomo , Alessandrini Laura , Santoro Antonella , Carsana Edoardo , Varesi Angelica , Gilioli Diego , Conti Anastasia , Merelli Ivan , Gentner Bernhard , Naldini Luigi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Ex vivo activation and cell cycle progression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is a prerequisite to reaching adequate levels of genetic engineering by homology-driven repair (HDR) for clinical applications. Here, we show that shortening ex vivo culture mitigates the p53-mediated DNA damage response initiated by the concomitant exposure to nuclease and template delivery vectors and endows edited HSPCs with greater hematopoietic reconstitution capacity upon transplantation. However, this comes at the cost of a lower HDR-mediated gene correction, rendering ex vivo culture an unavoidable step, although detrimental. Mechanistically, we uncovered that ex vivo activation triggers a p38 MAPK-mitogenic ROS axis that fuels proliferation stress and heightens DNA damage burden across HSPC subsets. p38 inhibition prior to genetic engineering delayed G1/S transition, expanded transcriptionally-defined hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and increased multi-lineage output at single-cell resolution. Accordingly, in vivo analyses coupled with clonal tracking revealed superior engraftment, persistence throughout serial transplantation, and enhanced polyclonal repertoire of p38 inhibitor-treated gene-edited HSPCs. Altogether, our data point to proliferative stress as a driver of human HSPC dysfunction with fundamental implications for advancing precise gene correction into clinical practice.