bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psoriasiform Drug Eruption to Finasteride
Authors: Muddebihal Aishwarya , Khurana Ananta , Kulhari Anita , Ahuja Arvind 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Finasteride, a 5-α reductase inhibitor, is generally well tolerated on long-term use and cutaneous adverse events have rarely been observed with the drug. We present the case of a 25-year-old male who developed an extensive psoriasiform eruption within a week of starting finasteride 1 mg for androgenetic alopecia.
The Association between the Number of Follicular Stelae and Severity and Treatment Response of Alopecia Areata Cases
Authors: Gencebay Güllü , Aşkın Özge , Aydın Övgü , Serdaroğlu Server 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by peribulbar lymphocytic infiltration, follicular miniaturization, catagen/telogen follicles, and increased follicular stelae (streamers) in skin biopsies.

Objectives:
Our aim was to assess the number of follicular stelae of patients with AA and to evaluate their association with clinical type and severity and treatment response of AA.

Materials and Methods:
Histopathologic features including number of follicular stelae were recorded in skin biopsies taken from lesions of AA in 142 patients who attended our dermatology clinic from 2011 to 2017.

Results:
There was a statistically significant correlation between the patient age and the number of follicular stelae (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of disease and the number of follicular stelae (P = 0.005). AA subtypes (0%–25% scalp hair loss) had a significantly lower number of follicular stelae than 75%–100% scalp hair loss and alopecia universalis (7.92 ± 4.21 vs. 13.23 ± 7.28). There was no statistically significant correlation between the treatment response and the number of follicular stelae (P = 0.75).

Conclusion:
Our results showed that number of follicular stelae varied among AA clinical types and correlated with severity. This study was the first to evaluate the correlation between the number of follicular stelae and severity of AA.
Hair Aging and Hair Disorders in Elderly Patients
Authors: Villani Alessia , Ferrillo Maria , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Ocampo-Garza Sonia Sofía , Scalvenzi Massimiliano , Ruggiero Angelo 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Hair loss in elderly patients is a common complaint. It can be related to different conditions that affect patients’ quality of life and represents a challenge for dermatologists. It affects both men and women during the aging process with an estimated percentage of balding after 65 years of age of 53% and 37%, respectively. Androgenetic alopecia, frontal fibrosing alopecia, senile alopecia, and erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp are the hair diseases most frequently described in this age group. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about alopecia affecting elderly patients, differentiating between chronological hair aging signs and pathological changes, to help clinicians, offer an adequate management of these disorders to their patients.
Neurosurgical management of patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Rock Mitchell B. , Zhao David Y. , Felbaum Daniel R. , Sandhu Faheem A. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a connective tissue disorder that has been linked to several neurological problems including Chiari malformations, atlantoaxial instability (AAI), craniocervical instability (CCI), and tethered cord syndrome. However, neurosurgical management strategies for this unique population have not been well-explored to date. The purpose of this study is to explore cases of EDS patients who required neurosurgical intervention to better characterize the neurological conditions they face and to better understand how neurosurgeons should approach the management of these patients.

Methods:
A retrospective review was done on all patients with a diagnosis of EDS who underwent a neurosurgical operation with the senior author (FAS) between January 2014 and December 2020. Demographic, clinical, operative, and outcome data were collected, with additional radiographic data collected on patients chosen as case illustrations.

Results:
Sixty-seven patients were identified who met the criteria for this study. The patients experienced a wide array of preoperative diagnoses, with Chiari malformation, AAI, CCI, and tethered cord syndrome representing the majority. The patients underwent a heterogeneous group of operations with the majority including a combination of the following procedures– suboccipital craniectomy, occipitocervical fusion, cervical fusion, odontoidectomy, and tethered cord release. The vast majority of patients experienced subjective symptomatic relief from their series of procedures.

Conclusions:
EDS patients are prone to instability, especially in the occipital-cervical region, which may predispose these patients to require a higher rate of revision procedures and may require modifications in neurosurgical management that should be further explored.
Ozone disc nucleolysis in the management of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc
Authors: Ghatge Sharad Balasaheb , Shah Rohit Pannalal , Surya Nirmal , Sankhala Suresh , Unadkat Chetan Jagjivandas , Khan Gulam M. , Modi Dhaval B. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Various minimally invasive surgeries were proposed for the management of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. However, to choose optimal treatment modality to maximize patient benefit is a clinical challenge for the treatment givers.

Objective:
The objective was to study the role of ozone disc nucleolysis in the management of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc by retrospective analysis.

Methodology:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients of lumbar disc herniation treated by ozone disc nucleolysis during May 2007–May 2021. There were total of 2089 patients with 58% of males and 42% of females. The age ranged from 18 to 88 years. Outcome was measured on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) along with modified MacNab method.

Results:
The mean baseline VAS score was 7.73, which became 3.07 at 1 month, 1.44 at 3 months, 1.42 at 6 months, and 1.36 at 1 year. Similarly, the mean ODI index was 35.92 at baseline, which improved to 9.17 at 1 month, 6.14 at 3 months, 6.10 at 6 months, and 6.09 at 1 year. VAS score and ODI analysis was found to be statistically significant with P < 0.05. Modified MacNab criterion showed successful treatment outcome in 85.6% with excellent recovery in 1161 (55.58%), good recovery in 423 (20.25%), and fair recovery in 204 (9.77%). Mediocre or no recovery was seen in the remaining 301 patients amounting to a 14.40% failure rate.

Conclusion:
This retrospective analysis confirms that ozone disc nucleolysis is an optimally effective and least invasive treatment option for herniated lumbar intervertebral disc with a significant reduction in disability.
Surgical approach to single-level symptomatic thoracic disc herniations through costotransversectomy
Authors: Scoscina Dalila , Amico Silvia , Angeletti Edoardo , Martiniani Monia , Meco Leonard , Specchia Nicola , Gigante Antonio Pompilio 
Published: March 2023

Study Design:
This was an observational study.

Objectives:
The treatment of symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH) remains a matter of debate. We report our experience with ten patients affected by symptomatic TDH, surgically treated through costotransversectomy.

Methods:
A total of ten patients (four men and six women) with single-level symptomatic TDH were surgically treated by two senior spine surgeons at our institution between 2009 and 2021. The most common type was a soft hernia. TDHs were classified as lateral (5) or paracentral (5). Preoperative clinical symptoms were varied. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine. The mean follow-up period was 38 months (range: 12–67 months). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Frankel grading system, and the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scoring system were used as outcome scores.

Results:
Postoperative CT study documented satisfactory decompression either on the nerve root or the spinal cord. All patients experienced a reduction of disability with an improved mean ODI score by 60%. Six patients reported total recovery of neurological function (Frankel Grade E) and four patients improved by 1 Grade (40%). The overall recovery rate estimated with the mJOA score was 43.5%. We reported the absence of significant difference in outcome compared to either calcified and noncalcified discs or paramedian and lateral location. Four patients had minor complications. No revision surgery was required.

Conclusion:
Costotransversectomy represents a valuable tool for spine surgeons. The major limit of this technique is the possibility to approach the anterior spinal cord.
The carotid sheath route
Authors: Gagliardi Filippo , Giordano Leone , Medone Marzia , Snider Silvia , Roncelli Francesca , Pompeo Edoardo , Mortini Pietro 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The elective route to approach paravertebral lesions growing into the anterolateral lodge of the neck is widely recognized as the prespinal route with its two major variants. Recently, attention has been focused on the possibility of opening the inter-carotid-jugular window in case of reparative surgery for traumatic brachial plexus injury.

Aims:
For the first time, the authors validate the clinical application of the carotid sheath route in the surgical treatment of paravertebral lesions expanding into the anterolateral lodge of the neck.

Methods:
A microanatomic study was conducted to collect anthropometric measurements. The technique was illustrated in a clinical setting.

Results:
The opening of the inter-carotid-jugular surgical window allows additional access to the prevertebral and periforaminal space. It optimizes the operability on the prevertebral compartment, compared to the retro-sternocleidomastoid (SCM) approach, and on the periforaminal compartment, compared to the standard pre-SCM approach. The surgical control of the vertebral artery is comparable to that obtained with the retro-SCM approach, while the control of the esophagotracheal complex and the retroesophageal space is comparable to the pre-SCM approach. The risk profile on the inferior thyroid vessels, recurrent nerve, and sympathetic chain is superimposable to the pre-SCM approach.

Conclusions:
The carotid sheath route is a safe and effective option to approach prespinal lesions with retrocarotid monolateral paravertebral extension.
Traumatic spinopelvic dissociation
Authors: Aleissa Sami I. , Zahrani Abdullah Al , Konbaz Faisal , Alsheikh Khalid , Alhelal Fahad H. , Alshehri Ali , Abalkhail Majed , Alzahrani Faisal , Almowina Abdulaziz , Al Harbi Abdullah , Al Wahhabi Faris , Alsebayel Firas M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Spinopelvic dissociation was described first in 1969. It is an injury characterized by the separation of the lumbar spine, with parts of the sacrum, from the rest of the sacrum and pelvis with the appendicular skeleton through the sacral ala. Spinopelvic dissociation has an incidence of approximately 2.9% of all pelvic disruptions and corresponds with high-energy trauma. The objective of this study was to review and analyze a case series of spinopelvic dissociations that were treated in our institution from May 2016 to December 2020.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study reviewing medical records of a series of cases with spinopelvic dissociating. A total of nine patients were encountered. Demographic data including gender and age were analyzed with the mechanism of injury, fracture characteristics, and classifications in addition to neurological deficits. Fractures were classified by the AO Spine Sacral Classification System. Moreover, neurological deficits were classified using the Gibbon's classification score. Finally, the Majeed score was utilized for the assessment of the functional outcome after the injury.

Results:
A total of nine patients with spinopelvic dissociation were encountered, seven males and two females. Seven patients were due to motor vehicle accidents, one patient was due to a suicidal attempt, and one patient was due to seizure. Four patients suffered from neurological deficits. One patient needed an intensive care unit admission. Spinopelvic fixation was done for all patients. One patient had surgical wound infection with wound dehiscence, one had infected instruments with confirmed spine osteomyelitis, and one had a focal neurological deficit. Six patients went on to heal and showed complete neurological improvements.

Conclusion:
Spinopelvic dissociation injuries represent a variety of injuries that are commonly associated with high-energy trauma. The triangular fixation method has proven to be a stable construct in dealing with such injuries.
High Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Iranian Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Farshadpour Fatemeh , Taherkhani Reza , Shahabi Athar 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT.
Considering the potential risks associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, this study was designed to investigate the magnitude and genotypic pattern of occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients. All patients on regular hemodialysis attending the dialysis centers located in southern Iran and 277 nonhemodialysis controls were invited to participate in this study. Serum samples were tested for detection of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by competitive enzyme immunoassay and sandwich ELISA, respectively. The molecular evaluation of HBV infection was conducted by two nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, targeting S, X, and precore regions of HBV genome, and sequencing by Sanger dideoxy sequencing technology. Moreover, HBV viremic samples were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection by HCV Ab ELISA and seminested reverse transcriptase PCR. Of 279 hemodialysis patients, five (1.8%) were positive for HBsAg, 66 (23.7%) were positive for HBcAb, and 32 (11.5%) had HBV viremia with HBV genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. Moreover, 90.6% of the hemodialysis patients with HBV viremia had occult HBV infection. Hemodialysis patients (11.5%) had significantly higher prevalence of HBV viremia than nonhemodialysis controls (1.08%; P = 0.0001). The prevalence of HBV viremia among hemodialysis patients was not statistically associated with duration of hemodialysis, age and gender distribution. In contrast, HBV viremia was significantly associated with place of residency and ethnicity, with residents of Dashtestan and Arab having had significantly higher prevalence of HBV viremia compared with the residents of other cities and Fars patients. Notably, 27.6% and 6.9% of hemodialysis patients infected with occult HBV infection were also positive for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV viremia, respectively. High prevalence of occult HBV infection was detected in hemodialysis patients, whereas 62% of patients with occult HBV infection were negative for HBcAb. Therefore, screening of all hemodialysis patients by sensitive molecular tests, regardless of the pattern of HBV serological markers, is recommended to increase the diagnosis rate of HBV infection.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Testing and Treatment at a Tertiary Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Rosser Joelle I. , Phiri Christabel , Bramante Juliette T. , Fwoloshi Sombo , Kankasa Chipepo , Lungu Patrick , Chanda Raphael , Chipimo Peter , Mulenga Lloyd , Claassen Cassidy W. , Chanda Duncan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT.
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) testing and treatment have declined dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. We quantified the change in TB visits, testing, and treatment compared with a 12-month pre-pandemic baseline at the national referral hospital’s TB Clinic in Lusaka, Zambia, in the first year of the pandemic. We stratified the results into early and later pandemic periods. In the first 2 months of the pandemic, the mean number of monthly TB clinic visits, prescriptions, and positive TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests decreased as follow: −94.1% (95% CI: −119.4 to −68.8%), −71.4% (95% CI: −80.4 to −62.4%), and −73% (95% CI: −95.5 to −51.3%), respectively. TB testing and treatment counts rebounded in the subsequent 10 months, although the number of prescriptions and TB-PCR tests performed remained significantly lower than pre-pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted TB care in Zambia, which could have long-lasting impacts on TB transmission and mortality. Future pandemic preparedness planning should incorporate strategies developed over the course of this pandemic to safeguard consistent, comprehensive TB care.
Predictors of Mortality among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 during the First Wave in India: A Multisite Case-Control Study
Authors: Krishnan Anand , Kumar Rakesh , Amarchand Ritvik , Mohan Anant , Kant Ravi , Agarwal Ankit , Kulshreshtha Poorvi , Panda Prasan Kumar , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Agarwal Neeraj , Biswas Bijit , Nair Rathish , Wig Naveet , Malhotra Rajesh , Bhatnagar Sushma , Aggarwal Richa , Soni Kapil Dev , Madan Nirupam , Trikha Anjan , Tiwari Pawan , Singh Angel Rajan , Wyawahare Mukta , Gunasekaran Venugopalan , Sekar Dineshbabu , Misra Sanjeev , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Dutt Naveen , Kumar Deepak , Nagarkar Nitin M. , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Jindal Atul , Raj Utsav , Behera Ajoy , Siddiqui Sabbah , Kokane Arun , Joshi Rajnish , Pakhare Abhijit , Farooque Farhan , Pawan Sai , Deshmukh Pradeep , Solanki Ranjan , Rathod Bharatsing , Dutta Vibha , Mohapatra Prasanta Raghab , Panigrahi Manoj Kumar , Barik Sadananda , Guleria Randeep 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Understanding predictors of mortality will help in prioritizing patient care and preventive approaches. This was a multicentric, unmatched, hospital-based case-control study conducted in nine teaching hospitals in India. Cases were microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients who died in the hospital during the period of study and controls were microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients who were discharged from the same hospital after recovery. Cases were recruited sequentially from March 2020 until December–March 2021. All information regarding cases and controls was extracted retrospectively from the medical records of patients by trained physicians. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to assess the association between various predictor variables and deaths due to COVID-19. A total of 2,431 patients (1,137 cases and 1,294 controls) were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 52.8 years (SD: 16.5 years), and 32.1% were females. Breathlessness was the most common symptom at the time of admission (53.2%). Increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 46–59 years, 3.4 [95% CI: 1.5–7.7]; 60–74 years, 4.1 [95% CI: 1.7–9.5]; and ≥ 75 years, 11.0 [95% CI: 4.0–30.6]); preexisting diabetes mellitus (aOR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.2–2.9]); malignancy (aOR: 3.1 [95% CI: 1.3–7.8]); pulmonary tuberculosis (aOR: 3.3 [95% CI: 1.2–8.8]); breathlessness at the time of admission (aOR: 2.2 [95% CI: 1.4–3.5]); high quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at the time of admission (aOR: 5.6 [95% CI: 2.7–11.4]); and oxygen saturation < 94% at the time of admission (aOR: 2.5 [95% CI: 1.6–3.9]) were associated with mortality due to COVID-19. These results can be used to prioritize patients who are at increased risk of death and to rationalize therapy to reduce mortality due to COVID-19.
Gençlik Merkezi Faaliyetlerine Katılan 18-29 Yaş Gençlerde Serbest Zaman Tatmin Düzeyinin Sosyal Sorun Çözme Becerileri ile İlişkisi
Authors: ARSLAN Turhan , TARI SELÇUK Kevser 
Published: March 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada gençlik merkezi faaliyetlerine katılan 18-29 yaş gençlerde serbest zaman tatmin düzeyinin sosyal sorun çözme becerileri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırma Alanya Gençlik Merkezi faaliyetlerine katılan 264 genç bireyle yürütülmüştür. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Serbest Zaman Tatmin Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, Sosyal Problem Çözme Envanteri-Kısa Formun yer aldığı anket kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, Student’s t testi, tek yönlü Varyans analizi, Mann Whitney U, Kruskall Wallis H testi, Pearson korelasyon ve doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Gençlerin Serbest Zaman Tatmini ve Sosyal Problem Çözme Envanteri puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 3.71±0.69, 60.59±13.56’dır. Çok değişkenli doğrusal regresyon analizine göre serbest zaman tatmininin (β=0.299, p
Exploring Perspectives on Engineering: Trajectories and Narratives
Authors: Syed Yusuf 
Published: March 2023

Engineering, a subject of empirical rigour with the axis of performing a practical function for a system or device user, continuously translates knowledge into social change through an ever-changing modern lens, retaining a dual resonance in the frame of professional evolution. Firstly, a progression of available conceptual knowledge and approaches will occur. This induces the change observed in professional structure and alteration in engineering role and character. These outcomes may be discussed through the path of the discipline’s professional trajectory in parallel with an engineer’s archetypal portrait, not with reference to scientific knowledge expansion, which is characteristic of different historical periods, but in terms of the development of engineering approaches. Although it is often overlooked, at the core of true engineering is a philanthropic heart and the desire to deliver a productive service. Thus, the second evolutionary force is effectively social and forward-looking in nature as public needs grow and diverge, addressed through innovation’s social role. The convergence of these two elementary dynamisms of conceptual and social roots, is exemplified in a case study on Kisiizi Hospital, which speaks directly to the aim of this study: to achieve a comprehensive view of the modern engineering mentality’s application in social settings.
Propelled by interviews with engineers and project managers alongside primary studies, this exploration proposes the invariance of core engineering frameworks whilst technical progression is observed. This constitutes agreement with the understanding of a professional system of profiles which acts as the stem for social, economic, and technological advancements.
Manifestation of Quantum Mechanics And Particle Physics In The Macroscopic World
Authors: SINGH SUVID 
Published: March 2023

Since the discovery of quantum dynamics in the 1900s, we have observed many of its effects on the macroscopic world. Max Planck gave the first quantum hypothesis in 1900, explaining how electromagnetic waves transmit energy in “quanta.” Building upon that, Louis De Broglie stated the theory of wave-particle duality, and Erwin Schrodinger postulated the equation to interpret this wave nature. Physicists expanded the field as the theories of Quantum Electrodynamics and Quantum Chromodynamics were put forward, explaining the Electromagnetic Force and the Strong Nuclear Force in terms of quanta. Theories such as the Many Worlds Interpretation were also proposed to explain quantum mechanical phenomena. Although there were many discoveries, there were also problems such as the Hierarchy Problem that arose because of the unusual mass of the Higgs Boson. Nevertheless, This unusual mass of the Higgs needs to be “unusual” for life to exist. If it were something else, the discovery of Quantum Mechanics would not have been possible, and everything we have learned about it till now would not exist; we would not exist. Thus, we can look at how quantum dynamics affects the macroscopic world even though it governs the world of the “very small.”