bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KHGCN: Knowledge-Enhanced Recommendation with Hierarchical Graph Capsule Network
Authors: Chen Fukun , Yin Guisheng , Dong Yuxin , Li Gesu , Zhang Weiqi 
Published: April 2023

Knowledge graphs as external information has become one of the mainstream directions of current recommendation systems. Various knowledge-graph-representation methods have been proposed to promote the development of knowledge graphs in related fields. Knowledge-graph-embedding methods can learn entity information and complex relationships between the entities in knowledge graphs. Furthermore, recently proposed graph neural networks can learn higher-order representations of entities and relationships in knowledge graphs. Therefore, the complete presentation in the knowledge graph enriches the item information and alleviates the cold start of the recommendation process and too-sparse data. However, the knowledge graph’s entire entity and relation representation in personalized recommendation tasks will introduce unnecessary noise information for different users. To learn the entity-relationship presentation in the knowledge graph while effectively removing noise information, we innovatively propose a model named knowledge—enhanced hierarchical graph capsule network (KHGCN), which can extract node embeddings in graphs while learning the hierarchical structure of graphs. Our model eliminates noisy entities and relationship representations in the knowledge graph by the entity disentangling for the recommendation and introduces the attentive mechanism to strengthen the knowledge-graph aggregation. Our model learns the presentation of entity relationships by an original graph capsule network. The capsule neural networks represent the structured information between the entities more completely. We validate the proposed model on real-world datasets, and the validation results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness.
Urinary Tract Infections: The Current Scenario and Future Prospects
Authors: Mancuso Giuseppe , Midiri Angelina , Gerace Elisabetta , Marra Maria , Zummo Sebastiana , Biondo Carmelo 
Published: April 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, occurring in both community and healthcare settings. Although the clinical symptoms of UTIs are heterogeneous and range from uncomplicated (uUTIs) to complicated (cUTIs), most UTIs are usually treated empirically. Bacteria are the main causative agents of these infections, although more rarely, other microorganisms, such as fungi and some viruses, have been reported to be responsible for UTIs. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common causative agent for both uUTIs and cUTIs, followed by other pathogenic microorganisms, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus spp. In addition, the incidence of UTIs caused by multidrug resistance (MDR) is increasing, resulting in a significant increase in the spread of antibiotic resistance and the economic burden of these infections. Here, we discuss the various factors associated with UTIs, including the mechanisms of pathogenicity related to the bacteria that cause UTIs and the emergence of increasing resistance in UTI pathogens.
PROBLEM EDUCATION AS A SUBJECT OF RESEARCH BY FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SCIENTISTS
Authors: Polishko Yu. 
Published: April 2023

The article reveals problem-based learning as a subject of research by foreign and domestic scientists. The prerequisites for the emergence of problem-based learning in order to develop heuristic skills in the process of solving problem situations are analyzed. These situations are both a practical and theoretical-cognitive nature. They activate education seekers’ knowledge, analytical skills, and scientific searches for models that would ensure critical, productive thinking and change the motivation of cognitive activity with the dominance of cognitive-motivational (intellectual) motives. A comparative and definitive analysis of the concept of problem-based learning is done. Scientists define it from different positions, namely as a new type of learning, a teaching method, and a principle of education.
It is emphasized that problem-based learning is based on problematic situations. They arise in the following conditions: if students do not know how to solve a problem; if students can not answer the question; if students explain a particular fact; if it is necessary to use previously acquired theoretical knowledge in practice; if there are contradictions between the theoretical possibility of solving the problem and the practical impossibility of using this particular method; if there is a result of the contradiction between the practically achieved material and the lack of knowledge for theoretical justification.
It has been found that the concept of problem-based learning has gained recognition among scholars from Poland, Bulgaria, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, and some other countries. They have made a significant contribution to the development of the theory and practice of implementing problem-based learning, interpreting the understanding of the peculiarities of problem-solving in the lesson in different ways, and as well as the direct influence of the problem situation on the cognitive activity and psychological state of the individual. In turn, it should be noted that most well-known didactic theorists’ statements are based on studies of the impact of problem-based learning on schoolchildren. There are not enough studies on the creation of pedagogical conditions necessary for the general development and future professional activity of students of vocational education, as well as models of the formation of readiness for problem-based learning. Therefore, this topic requires further research and study.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF A GEOGRAPHY TEACHER’S POLYCULTURAL COMPETENCE FORMATION
Authors: Hlukhota V. 
Published: April 2023

Taking into account that a modern school is a place where representatives of different nations with unique national cultures, customs, psychological structures, and mentality study together, the paper emphasizes the polyethnic nature of education. It explains the importance of problems related to overcoming certain features and difficulties inherent in the relationship of participants in the educational process. These problems are due to the influence of behavioral stereotypes that are inherent in modern society.
In the current conditions, the task of forming a culture of moral relations, which are based on national and universal values, becomes especially relevant in schools with multinational students.
The problem of the peaceful coexistence of different peoples, cultures, and states is a necessary condition for the development of human civilization. The solution to this problem is impossible without the usage of new scientific approaches and concepts. The process of forming a free personality that is ready to live in an open multicultural space becomes especially relevant. In view of this, the task of vocational education is not limited to the formation of the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities, but is to organize multicultural future geography teacher training and the formation of multicultural competence as a necessary and integrated personality trait. Therefore, the important tasks of modern education are the formation of multicultural competence, which, according to the Recommendations of the Council of Europe, are considered the basis of life in a modern globalized, pluralistic society. The concept of multicultural competence in the research of Ukrainian scientists is analyzed and the author’s definition of «multicultural competence» is formed in the article. The main aspects of multicultural competence are highlighted. These are knowledge, skills, and abilities. Various views of scientists on the structure of multicultural competence are studied. Based on these studies, the following components are identified, i.e., motivational, cognitive, activity, and practical. An example of multicultural competence formation through the study of geographical disciplines and the integrated course «Multicultural Geography» in higher education institutions is given. Prospects for further research in this area are highlighted.
FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING IN ORGANIZING EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Palekha O. 
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of training primary school teachers to organize extracurricular activities in a foreign language. The author notes that the transformational changes which are taking place in modern Ukrainian society and the European integration processes make it necessary to pay special attention to teaching a foreign language. It has been found that developing primary school children’s foreign language communicative competence requires efficient methods and forms of learning that correspond to the development of pupils’ age-specific features.
In this context, extracurricular activities in a foreign language become crucial for the realization of the communicative goals of mastering a foreign language. It is emphasized that extracurricular activities have a number of significant advantages, in particular, greater freedom for pupils in the course of completing assignments and the initiative of children in various creative types of work. In addition, children behave casually and emotionally. They look for their own methods of expressing thoughts. In this regard, special attention is paid to the organization of extracurricular activities as an essential component of the formation of younger schoolchildren’s foreign language communicative competence, which contributes to the creation of such an atmosphere that would promote positive communication and stimulate pupils’ speech activity.
The author analyzes the interpretation of the category «extracurricular activities» presented in the scientific research of Ukrainian scientists. The characteristics of various forms of extracurricular activities in a foreign language, in a particular individual, group, and mass are presented.
The main components of the preparation of future primary school teachers for the organization of extracurricular work in a foreign language are highlighted. Thus, future teachers are introduced to the general principles of organizing extracurricular work in the process of studying the professionally-oriented academic disciplines «Introduction to the Specialty Primary Education»Є, «General Fundamentals of Pedagogy», «Didactics of Primary Education», «Theory and Methodology of Education». The specifics of the organization of extracurricular activities in a foreign language are mastered directly in the course of studying the discipline «Methods of Foreign Language Education».
The practical training of future primary school teachers takes place in the course of practice at school and doing assignments in the «Methods of Foreign Language Education» module. Students are offered to conduct an extracurricular event in a foreign language, in particular in the form of a quest.
METHODICAL ASPECTS OF DESIGN-PROJECTION IN THE COURSE OF FUTURE TEACHERS’ TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Bliznyuk M. , Debre O. 
Published: April 2023

Analyzing the curricula and methods of professional future teacher training in higher education, we see that this educational process involves comprehensive mastering of knowledge in the field of art, functional-technological process, structures and materials science, formal composition, drawing and perspective, colorists in the organization of the environment, architecture, basics of environment design and the functional and constructive component of spatial composition.
The analysis of the professional activity of specialists in the field of technological education shows that for successful design, the presence of knowledge of modern design-projection methods, engineering-technological foundations, tectonic regularities of the formation of objects of the subject environment, principles of combinatorial solution of the shape of the object being created. The lack of practical experience of university graduates leads to their difficult adaptation to pedagogical activities, which is a consequence of insufficient attention to the formation of special knowledge and skills, to the practical orientation of solving educational creative tasks related to professional activities in the field of design. The mentioned circumstances make it possible to consider the issue of the formation of special knowledge and skills in the process of design-projecting as relevant and timely.
In this regard, design-projecting in the teacher's activity is characterized by the uniqueness of the search program, multivariate problem solving, and the ability to independently evaluate intermediate and final options, and choose an effective specific algorithm. Accordingly, we understand the teacher's creative project activity as an intellectual activity to ensure the quality of a technical solution from the point of view of functional, ergonomic, aesthetic, technological, and psychological factors. The conducted research does not exhaust all issues related to the formation of special knowledge and skills of higher education students in the design-projecting process and requires further improvement of the stages of quasi-professional educational activity, taking into account the optimal choice of methods for solving creative tasks, development of personal qualities of graduates of higher education institutions.
THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGIZATION AS AN OBJECTIVE TREND IN MODERN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Onipko V. , Yaprynets T. , Kelemesh A. 
Published: April 2023

The article reveals the peculiarities of the technological approach application in the course of vocational education master training; theoretical aspects of the technology of the educational process as an objective trend in the development of modern vocational education are considered. The technological potential of vocational education master training with specialization (Agricultural production, processing of agricultural products and food technologies) is substantiated. It is reflected in the content and methods of acquiring educational information. The types of technologies are determined: socio-educational, industrial and types of technologies of the master of vocational education: educational (pedagogical), agricultural and industrial.
The main advantages of the technological approach as a methodological basis for the transformation of professional education in the field of Agronomy, which allows for the formation of technological competence of higher education students, have been studied, and such competence has been interpreted as a logical combination of theoretical knowledge, ways of organizing the educational process in vocational education institutions and practical skills to apply for the planned educational work, analyze and evaluate training results.
The theoretical component of technological competence is determined. It is displayed in the formation of professional knowledge regarding the goals, means, and components of the pedagogical process, understanding the importance of selecting and implementing pedagogical technologies taking into account students' characteristics and the specifics of the agricultural industry. The practical component, which includes the ability to optimally design the pedagogical process, aimed at achieving the planned result (correlation of methods, means, and technologies with the learning goals and individual characteristics of the training subjects) is revealed.
Conclusions are made regarding the fact that technological competence provides positive dynamics of the levels of professional competence of both the student and the head of the educational program and the head of the educational institution, which gives grounds for the statement about the success of the educational institution's life activities, its competitiveness, which can be ensured by using the technologies of the project management, technologization of the process of training future masters of professional education for the innovative development of educational institutions in a constantly changing educational environment.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED FOR LEGAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE ECONOMIC FIELD
Authors: Plachynda T. , Onishchenko I. 
Published: April 2023

In the article, the issue of legal future economist training is updated, because economic theory significantly affects the economic policy of the state and the development of law; it is emphasized that without knowledge of legal norms, experts in the economic field will not be able to perform their official duties at the proper level. The paper aims to substantiate the need for legal training of future specialists in the economic field in the conditions of a modern market economy.
A historical excursion on the relationship between law and economy was conducted. It was concluded that these are complementary aspects of the state's life, and these fields cannot exist without each other. It is emphasized that in the conditions of a market economy, the role of the law and other legal influence on economic relations is growing more and more because, in a civilized society, law and commerce are one whole of the democratic process.
The work highlights the major forms of legal regulation of the economy in Ukraine: namely: Laws, Decrees, Regulations, etc. The attention is focused on the need to study economic law since future experts in the economic field must be familiar with the legal norms regulating social relations in the field of organization and implementation of economic activities between economic entities. It is also about financial law, which is one of the leading branches of Ukrainian law and, along with others, is adapting to the new conditions of reform during the transition of the state to a market economy, so future experts in the economic field together with business law must acquire the necessary competencies in financial law.
It is noted that the legal training of future specialists in the economic field should be a priority in the course of vocational training at a higher educational institution since their quality professional activity in the legal field will depend on the acquisition of the necessary knowledge.
Sur la possibilité d’accélérer les particules électrisées en ligne droite sans limite d’énergie
Authors: Hoyaux Max 
Published: April 2023

On sait que le rayonnement des particules accélérées impose actuellement de sévères limitations aux accélérateurs à champ magnétique incurvateur. Les accélérateurs linéaires échappent évidemment à ces limitations, mais d’autres difficultés se présentent.
Néanmoins, on peut concevoir plusieurs accélérateurs linéaires d’électrons, et un de particules lourdes, pour lesquels aucune objection théorique ne semble s’opposer à la réalisation d’une énergie en principe illimitée.
Sur le mouvement permanent relatif d’un fluide parfait
Authors: Van den Dungen François Henri Antoine , Lahaye Edmond 
Published: April 2023

On considère le mouvement permanent relatif d’un fluide parfait en contact avec une surface (S), non cylindrique simplement connexe, sans singularités réelles, animée d’un mouvement de rotation uniforme (ω (ωx, ωy, ωz). On démontre que les composantes (ξ, η, ζ ) du tourbillon sont liées aux composantes (u, v, w) de la vitesse par les relations
ξ = — 2ωx + K ρu ; η = — 2ωy + Kρv ; ζ = — 2ωz + Kρw
où K est une constante, qui peut être nulle.
En dehors de ces mouvements, il existe des mouvements plans. Dans le cas où (S) est une sphère, il existe des trajectoires qui sont des circonférences centrées sur l’axe de rotation ; l’intensité de la vitesse peut alors être choisie arbitrairement.
Note sur le dessalement de canaux maritimes
Authors: Lamoen J. , Mertens E. , Swine J. 
Published: April 2023

Dans la présente note les auteurs exposent un moyen pour évacuer une grande partie du sel qui pénètre dans un canal par une écluse maritime.
Cette évacuation se fait par une chasse ; les auteurs examinent les conditions dans lesquelles cette chasse doit fonctionner.
Global integrals of fZx + gZy = h
Authors: Markus Lawrence 
Published: April 2023

The real differential system S : dx/dt = f(x, y), dy/dt = g(x, y) with f, geC in the plane and therein f2 + g2 > 0, is typologically equivalent to dx/dt = 1, dy/dt = 0 if and admits a
non singular, non-tangent, analytic transversal in E. Several types of differential systems S are then shown to admit such analytic transversals. We solve the global Cauchy problem for iZx + gZy = h when the characteristic equations are of the studied type.
Sur les fluctuations à longue période de la vitesse de rotation de la Terre et les caractéristiques du mouvement chandlérien du pôle
Authors: Melchior Paul 
Published: April 2023

Extension aux observations antérieures à 1900 des recherches de MM. Hattori et Stoyko concernant une corrélation entre les fluctuations de la vitesse de rotation de la Terre et le mouvement chandlérien du pôle.
Représentation des variations d’amplitude et de période du mouvement chandlérien par des formules du type de Kimura ; conclusion négative quant à l’existence d’une corrélation avec les fluctuations de la vitesse de rotation de la Terre.
Sur les compactifications d’Alexandroff
Authors: Papy Georges 
Published: April 2023

Nous réservons le nom de compactifié d’un espace topologique à tout prolongement topologique de cet espace obtenu par adjonction d’un point (dit à l’infini) fermé. Il est bien connu qu’un compactifié ne peut être de Hausdorff que si l'espace donné est lui-même de Hausdorff, et, de plus localement compact. Dans ce cas, il existe toujours un et un seul compactifié de Hausdorff (Alexandroff).
Plus généralement, tout espace topologique peut être compactifié et l’ensemble des topologies des compactifiés d’un même espace topo¬ logique contient une borne supérieure et une borne inférieure.
Si l’espace donné est de Hausdorff et localement compact, on retrouve le théorème d’Alexandroff.
Si l’espace donné est de Fréchet, le compactifié dont la topologie est la plus fine est lui-même de Fréchet ; mais, en général, ce n’est pas le seul compactifié de Fréchet de l’espace donné (2). Il existe un compactifié de Fréchet (d’un espace de Fréchet donné) dont la topologie soit moins fine que celle de tout autre compactifié de Fréchet de l’espace donné.
Modifications de Ph apportées par la Tourbe et le Sphagnum secs aux solutions salines et à l'eau bidistillée
Authors: Ramaut J. 
Published: April 2023

Ce travail a pour but d'expliquer les causes de l'acidification de l'eau bidistillée et des solutions salines, par la tourbe ou par le Sphagnum.
Nos expériences montrent que :
1. La tourbe séchée ajoutée à des solutions salines et à l'eau bi¬ distillée les acidifie. L'intensité de l'acidification dépend du pH initial des solutions ou de l'eau.
2. De même, Sphagnum sec (tué) introduit dans l'eau bidistillée l'acidifie. Si nous renouvelons périodiquement le milieu, nous constatons que Sphagnum acidifie de moins en moins ; tout se passe comme s'il existait dans la mousse un bagage substantiel acide diffusant dans le milieu et s'épuisant au cours des renouvellements successifs.
3. Sphagnum sec (tué), extrait par différents solvants, ajouté à l'eau bidistillée l'acidifie plus faiblement que Sphagnum non extrait. Certains solvants, en particulier l'alcool, enlèvent au Sphagnum des substances acides qui contribuent à l'acidification du milieu.