bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Assessment of Cleft Palate Speech—Bridging the Gap From Research to Clinical Practice—the Swedish Perspective
Authors: Klintö Kristina , Lohmander Anette 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:The purpose of this tutorial is to describe an evidence-based scientifically sustainable perceptual assessment of cleft palate speech and how standardized assessment methods for research on cleft palate speech have been implemented in clinical practice in Sweden, which makes it possible to carry out research on clinical data.Method:This tutorial is based on a literature review and own research on how to perform a valid and reliable perceptual cleft palate speech assessment and the description of clinical practice in Sweden. Perceptual speech assessment of cleft palate speech is discussed in terms of speech material, documentation, perceptual speech analysis, speech outcome measures, cross-linguistic comparisons, calculation of reliability, interpretation of results, and subject selection. We also describe the conditions that have made it possible to integrate research and clinic in cleft palate speech-language pathology in Sweden.Conclusions:Knowledge acquired from national and international research has had a great impact on the development of cleft palate speech assessment procedures in Sweden and has contributed to standardized evaluation of treatment results. This has enabled open comparisons of treatment results from the different Swedish cleft lip and palate (CLP) centers to provide a basis for improved CLP care.
Uncertainty‐aware iterative learning for noisy‐labeled medical image segmentation
Authors: Hao Pengyi , Shi Kangjian , Tian Shuyuan , Wu Fuli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMedical image segmentation from noisy labels is an important task since obtaining high‐quality annotations is extremely difficult and expensive. There are a lot of approaches proposed for such task. However, some issues like the overfitting on noisy annotations, the limited learning of boundary features, and no consideration of the corrupted local pixels are still not solved. Therefore, a novel approach named uncertainty‐aware iterative learning (UaIL) is proposed for medical image segmentation with noisy labels. UaIL iteratively and jointly trains two deep networks using the original images and their argumented ones through a joint loss function including softened label loss, hard label loss and consistency loss, which encourages UaIL to produce segmentations that are robust to the perturbations in arbitrary semantic space. The uncertainty of labels is estimated based on the predictions in iterative learning, then the original labels are refined, which improves the learning of boundary features in segmentation. To avoid overfitting, a stopping strategy is designed based on the dice coefficient in iterative learning. Experiments on two public datasets verify the effectiveness of UaIL under different levels of annotation noise. Especially, when there are serious noises in the labels, the dice achieved by UaIL is 1.43% to 15.03% higher than the competing approaches on the two public datasets. The UaIL is further verified on a private dataset, which shows its ability of applying in the real application with noisy labels.
Tensor surface impedance modelling of metasurfaces with printed elements
Authors: Shavit Reuven , Tzabari Yarden 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTwo methods for extraction of the effective tensor surface impedance representing metasurfaces with printed elements and arbitrary geometry are presented. The surface impedance can be modelled as a shunt admittance on a transmission line. The extracted surface impedance combined with transmission line theory enables to compute easily and efficiently the transmission coefficient through a multilayer metasurface structure. The metasurface modelling as a shunt admittance enables to conduct a multi‐parameter study on the transmission and reflection performance through the metasurface structure. The results of the proposed methods are compared, and very good agreement was obtained up to 30° incident angle. Beyond 30° it is suggested to recalibrate the model or upgrade it. For model validation purposes, a 2D flat lens antenna with patch elements loaded with capacitors was designed, fabricated, and measured. Simulation and experimental results of the lens near and far‐field are presented.
Ultraviolet electronic spectroscopy of heavily substituted naphthalene derivatives
Authors: Fréreux J. N. , Godard M. , Dartois E. , Pino T. 
Published: August 2023

Context. The so-called bump spectral signature observable on interstellar extinction curves, peaking at 217.5 nm, is commonly assigned to π* ← π transitions from carbonaceous carriers, but the exact nature of the carbonaceous carriers remains debated.
Aims. To constrain the chemical structures associated with the bump carriers, we record and compare the UV spectra of a large variety of carbonaceous molecules to this interstellar feature.
Methods. Large carbonaceous molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were produced by a combustion process stabilized at low pressure under rich flame conditions. Species were extracted and probed through resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Masses and absorption profiles of the carbonaceous molecules were measured, and their spectra were compared to the bump feature.
Results. Species showing a specific mass progression starting at mass 128 u visible up to mass 394 u with a characteristic progression of +14 u present a common electronic absorption band profile peaking asymptotically around 220 nm. The first masses were assigned to a naphthalene C10H8 molecule and two of its derivatives: C10H7CH3 and C10H7C2H5. The mass progression of +14 u is explained by successive H atom substitutions by CH3 functional groups. This mass distribution was thus assigned to naphthalene derivatives with large aliphatic carbon substitution. This derivative family shows an electronic band assigned to S3 ← S0 transitions involving electron promotion within the π aromatic orbitals of the naphathlene chromophore. More importantly, after a few substitutions, the position of the band converges asymptotically to a value close to the interstellar bump signature, independent of the molecule size.
Conclusions. Based on the asymptotic behavior of the larger members in the species distribution, a similar band position is expected from double aromatic ring substructures within hydrogenated amorphous carbons (HACs). Similar to the conclusions of previous works, we find substituted naphthalene units as substructures of interstellar HACs to be good candidates as carriers of the bump feature.
Numerical modeling of wind turbine with vertical axis using turbulence model k − ω in ANSYS FLUENT
Authors: Hamdamov Muzaffar , Bozorov Bobir , Mamataliyeva Hulkaroy , Ergashov Dilshod 
Published: August 2023

The paper considers a variant of the problem of modeling the flow around a developed wind turbine. Since the task is reduced to modeling a flat task, the 2D design mode was chosen. The k – ω turbulent model was used to model the vertical axis wind turbine. In the research process, experimental methods for measuring wind speed and torque, methods of mathematical modeling, and computational fluid dynamics were used. The object of research is a wind turbine designed to generate electricity from wind energy. The research aims to develop a wind turbine with a vertical axis and radial frames, equipped with flat blades and stoppers, operating at low wind speeds.
Research methods: in the research process, experimental methods for measuring wind speed and torque, methods of mathematical modeling, and computational hydrodynamics were used. A computational experiment HTBO with four sections based on the ANSYS environment was carried out. Scope of the results: the results will be used in designing and manufacturing wind turbines operating at low wind speeds. Ultimately, low-power wind turbines will be developed. Economic efficiency and significance of the work: the wind turbine being developed is made with available purchased materials and will have a short payback period. It is used for domestic and other purposes where access to electricity is limited.
Modeling development of optimal composition of non-autoclaved aerated concrete based on industrial waste
Authors: Shaumarov Said , Kandakhorov Sanjar , Babaev Askar , Kodirov Bakhodir 
Published: August 2023

This article presents the modern state of energy-efficient residential building exterior wall constructions from aerated concrete, and the main properties of aerated concrete are analyzed. Properties of composite building materials, strength, and heat-technical properties depending on their structure are considered. Also, the analysis of existing problems in obtaining aerated concrete in the Republic of Uzbekistan is presented.
The results of research on the use of industrial waste in aerated concrete have shown that it is appropriate to continue research using physical-mechanical and chemical activation methods for the wide application of secondary filler activation, particularly in construction production.
The modern state of construction of external wall structures of energy-efficient residential buildings from aerated concrete is presented, in which the main properties of aerated concrete are analyzed. Properties of composite building materials, strength, and heat-technical properties depending on their structure are considered. Also, the analysis of existing problems in obtaining aerated concrete in the Republic of Uzbekistan is given.
Influencing engagement angle on power parameters in flat-belt gears
Authors: Kenjayev Sirozhiddin , Yunusov Salokhiddin , Abdurakhimov Mukhammatsidik , Ahmedova Dilafruz 
Published: August 2023

The article considers the ratio of forces in belt drives, proposes a calculation scheme for the forces of a flat-belt transmission [FBR], and calculates and analyzes the effect of changing the engagement angle and load on the friction coefficient. Belt drives refer to mechanical friction transmissions with a flexible connection and are used if it is necessary to transfer the load between shafts located at considerable distances. The influence of a change in the coefficient of friction of the belt on the power parameters of the transmission is considered.
The load is given in the form of a torque, which is transmitted to the belts by the circumferential force, the tension of the leading branch increases the circumferential force, and that of the driven branch decreases. Power graphs were built, and the analysis shows that the growth of α hurts the friction coefficient f. The curves have their own regularity with the value of the approximation R2. The influence of the change in the angle of engagement a on the coefficient of friction f with a change in load in the form of belt tensions F1 and F2 or F1 − F2 = Ft is considered. Combining these components, it will be possible to calculate and select rational parameters of belt drives; the maximum increase in the friction coefficient, considering the loads on the shaft and supports, allows transmitting torque with a relatively smaller angle α.
A Practical Synthesis of Near-Infrared Benzannulated Xanthenoid Dyes
Authors: Li Jin , Wei Ruwei , Yang Youjun , Zhang Xiaodong , Luo Xiao , Qian Xuhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNear-infrared dyes are sought after for their potential in biomedical applications. Benzoxanthene dyes with a non-oxygen bridging atom are expected to exhibit longer absorption and emission wavelengths than their oxygen-containing counterparts, yet their synthesis remains unaddressed. Herein, we report the first syntheses of non-oxygen-bridged benzoxanthenes starting from a 7-bromo-2-aminonaphthalene derivative, and discuss their photophysical properties as well as their potential for in vivo imaging.
Physicochemical Study, Chemical Profiling and Molecular Docking Study for Standardisation of the Homoeopathic Drug Damiana
Authors: Biswas Bibaswan , Maity Satyajit , Bhar Kaushik , Sett Sudeshna , Kumar G.V. Narasimha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction Damiana has been used as aphrodisiac in ethnomedicine for centuries. However, the use of Damiana in homeopathy is diverse, e.g. for migraine treatment of, amenorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, urinary tract infection and prostate related issues. However, this medicinal plant is non-native to India. Hence, it is imperative to investigate the quality of the medicine samples available and prepared in India. Hence, we undertook in-depth chemical analysis of the raw drugs and the commercially available samples of this medicine.
Materials and Methods The reported chemical study includes determination of the physicochemical parameters of the raw drug involving, foreign matter, loss on drying, extractive values in different solvents, ash values total fixed oil and total volatile oil. Also, the study includes the analysis of the in-house and commercial mother tinctures consisting of, pH, organoleptic parameters, total solids, total phenol content, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and high performance thin layer chromatography. Phytochemical screening of the mother tinctures and extracts of the raw drugs in different solvents was done. A preliminary molecular docking study was done to evaluate the applicability of apigenin as the homoeopathy-specific marker.
Result In-house mother tincture, mother tinctures from Indian and multinational companies show similar quality. Molecular docking revealed that apigenin may be a good candidate for homoeopathy-specific marker.
Conclusion Our study provides pharmacopoeial standards which show that even for exotic plants the quality of mother tinctures from Indian and international companies is similar.
Molecular Epidemiology of HCV RNA Genotype-3 in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Arifur , Islam Md Monirul , Ali Md Eunus , Islam Mohammad Ariful , Afroze Farhana , Hossain Mohammad Shamim , Rus'd Ahmed Abu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a causative agent that causes chronic liver diseases worldwide. It is a little, enclosed, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. The recognition of the pathogenic HCV genotype is critical for the remedy of its sufferers. The aim of this study was to identify the HCV RNA genotype to decide the correct treatment of hepatitis C positive sufferers in Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from 390 individuals and isolated RNA (60 µg) from blood plasma. Extracted RNA was used for quantitative HCV RNA, and complementary DNA (cDNA) was prepared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conducted by reverse transcriptase enzyme. This cDNA amplified in multiplex by RT-PCR, which was performed with specific set of primers. The HCV RNA genotype was detected 297 of 390 patients. Of the 390 test samples, 200 (51.28%) samples were from males and 190 (48.71%) were from females, with age ranging from 5 to 78 years. In all, 166 of 200 male samples and 131/190 female samples were found positive for HCV. Of these 390 participants included in the study, 213 (54.61%) were identified as genotype 3 positive, 78 (20%) as genotype 1 positive, 6 (1.53%) as genotype 6 positive, and the remaining 93 (23.85%) samples were unclassified due to low/undetected viral load. In this study, we detected the highest percentage (30.89%) of genotype 3 HCV in patients aged 51 to 60 years. The results suggested that genotype 3 HCV is frequently present in Bangladesh and it is usually responses better to interferon therapy. However, genotype 1 and 6 HCV have also been found circulating in this country, which demands longer treatments and effective control measures.
Health Disparity Curricula for Ophthalmology Residents: Current Landscape, Barriers, and Needs
Authors: Carvajal Nicole , Lopez Justin , Ahmad Tessnim R. , Maru Johsias , Ramanathan Saras , Seitzman Gerami D. , Padmanabhan Sriranjani , Parikh Neeti 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Social determinants of health play a critical role in visual health outcomes. Yet, there exists no structured curriculum for ophthalmology residents to identify and address health disparities relevant to eye care or no a standard assessment of health disparities education within ophthalmology residency programs. This study aims to characterize current health disparity curricula in ophthalmology residency programs in the United States, determine resident confidence in addressing health disparities in the clinical setting, and identify perceived barriers and needs of program directors (PDs) and residents in this area.
Design This was a cross-sectional survey study.
Methods A closed-ended questionnaire with comments was distributed to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited ophthalmology residency PDs and residents in April 2021 and May 2022. The questionnaire solicited characteristics of any existing health disparity curricula, PD and resident perceptions of these curricula, and residents' experience with and confidence in addressing health disparities in the delivery of patient care.
Results In total, 29 PDs and 96 residents responded. Sixty-six percent of PDs stated their program had a formal curriculum compared to fifty-three percent of residents. Forty-one percent of PDs and forty-one percent of residents stated their program places residents in underserved care settings for more than 50% of their training. Most residents (72%) were confident in recognizing health disparities. Sixty-six percent were confident in managing care in the face of disparities and fifty-nine percent felt they know how to utilize available resources. Residents were most concerned with the lack of access to resources to help patients. Forty-five percent of PDs felt the amount of time dedicated to health disparities education was adequate. Forty-nine percent of residents reported they felt the amount of training they received on health disparities to be adequate. The top barrier to curriculum development identified by PDs was the availability of trained faculty to teach. Time in the curriculum was a major barrier identified by residents.
Conclusions Roughly half of ophthalmology residency programs who responded had a health disparity curriculum; however, both PDs and residents felt inadequate time is dedicated to such education. National guidance on structured health disparity curricula for ophthalmology residents may be warranted as a next step.
The Risk of Incident Venous Thromboembolism Attributed to Overweight and Obesity: The Tromsø Study
Authors: Frischmuth Tobias , Tøndel Birgitte G. , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John-Bjarne , Morelli Vânia M. 
Published: August 2023

Background Obesity is a well-established risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, data on the proportion of incident VTEs attributed to overweight and obesity in the general population are limited.
Objective To investigate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of VTE due to overweight and obesity in a population-based cohort with repeated measurements of body mass index (BMI).
Methods Participants from the fourth to seventh surveys of the Tromsø Study (enrolment: 1994–2016) were followed through 2020, and all incident VTEs were recorded. In total, 36,341 unique participants were included, and BMI measurements were updated for those attending more than one survey. BMI was categorized as <25 kg/m2, 25–30 kg/m2 (overweight), and ≥30 kg/m2 (obesity). Time-varying Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The PAF was estimated based on age- and sex-adjusted HRs and the prevalence of BMI categories in VTE cases.
Results At baseline, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 37.9 and 13.8%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 13.9 years, 1,051 VTEs occurred. The age- and sex-adjusted HRs of VTE were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.21–1.61) for overweight and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.58–2.20) for obesity compared with subjects with BMI <25 kg/m2. The PAF of VTE due to overweight and obesity was 24.6% (95% CI: 16.6–32.9), with 12.9% (95% CI: 6.6–19.0) being attributed to overweight and 11.7% (95% CI: 8.5–14.9) to obesity. Similar PAFs were obtained in analyses stratified by sex and VTE subtypes (provoked/unprovoked events, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism).
Conclusion Our findings indicate that almost 25% of all VTE events can be attributed to overweight and obesity in a general population from Norway.
Convergence rates to the planar stationary solution to a 2D model of the radiating gas on half space
Authors: Zhang Minyi , Zhu Changjiang 
Published: August 2023

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic stability of a planar stationary solution to an initial-boundary value problem for a two-dimensional hyperbolic–elliptic coupled system of the radiating gas on half space. We show that the solution to the problem converges to the corresponding planar stationary solution as time tends to infinity under small initial perturbation. This result is proved by the standard L2-energy method and the div–curl decomposition. Moreover, we prove that the solution (u, q) converges to the corresponding planar stationary solution at the rate t−α/2−1/4 for the non-degenerate case and t−1/4 for the degenerate case. The proof is based on the time and space weighted energy method.
Carrier optical vortex interferometer using segmentation demodulation method for dynamic measurement of axisymmetric surface deformation
Authors: Dong Jingtao , Xie Liyuan , Wang Shuo , Zhao Enxi , Li Yangyang , Tian Zhipeng 
Published: August 2023

The dynamic measurement of surface deformation with an axisymmetric profile at nanometer- to micrometer-scale is of great interest in understanding micromechanical and thermophysical dynamics. We propose a carrier optical vortex interferometer (COVI) to measure such surface deformation dynamically by segmentation demodulation of the petal-like interferogram that is produced by the coaxial superposition of conjugated p-radial order Laguerre–Gaussian beams. Specifically, a rotating chopper placed at the exit of the interferometer introduces a carrier frequency in the absence of surface deformation. A camera placed behind the chopper uses a multi-ring segmentation detection scheme to produce a Doppler shift relative to the carrier frequency at the radius of each ring in the presence of axisymmetric surface deformation. Locating the Doppler shifts gives the surface deformation velocities at those radii. Thus, the dynamic surface deformation profile can be obtained by integrating the velocities over time. We reveal the basic principles of the carrier frequency and the Doppler shifts in the COVI theoretically. As a proof-of-concept, an external force-induced axisymmetric mechanical surface deformation is measured dynamically to demonstrate the validity of the COVI. The results show that the measurement error of the surface deformation velocity is within (−2.1, 1.1 nm/s) for the velocity ranging from 20 to 86 nm/s. The lower limit of the measurable velocity can reach 20 nm/s. The measurement error of the surface deformation profile is less than 2.5 nm for the amplitude of the surface deformation of 500 nm.