bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Session 1: Orientation, Daily Monitoring, and Abstinence Plans
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Session 1 of the Client Workbook provides information for clients about gender differences in alcohol and drug use and the unique challenges that women face. Clients will receive personalized feedback about their alcohol and drug use pattern, amounts, and consequences of use and will learn facts about alcohol that will help them change your drinking or drug use. Clients will learn how to identify and monitor their cravings, triggers, and substance use every day. They will learn to identify high-risk situations likely to occur in the upcoming week and come up with strategies to cope with the situations without using alcohol or drugs. Informational handouts and practice worksheets are used in session and during the week. Homework for the week is assigned. The material in every session is customized to women and to each client’s particular pattern of substance use, consequences, motivation, and related problems.
Session 3: Presence of Heavy Drinkers/Drug Users in Social Network; Self-Management Plans
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Session 3 focuses on social network support for abstinence. Clients will identify and evaluate their social support network for abstinence and for support and their quality of life in general. Then, they will develop plans to deal with drinking/drug use triggers related to heavy drinkers or drug users in their network. They will also learn a skill called “Self-Management Planning” to develop and execute plans to cope with any type of trigger. At the end of the session clients will identify upcoming high-risk situations and develop plans to cope without using alcohol or drugs. The therapist also will review homework for the upcoming week.
Session 9: Assertiveness Training and Drink/Drug Refusal
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Session 9 of the Client Workbook covers general assertiveness, which is a way to react effectively to difficult interpersonal situations. First, clients will learn different ways that women handle interpersonal difficulties and will identify their usual response style. Then clients will learn more about how to be assertive—a way of responding that helps them stand up for their own rights while still being respectful to others. Clients will also apply assertiveness skills to situations where they are offered alcohol or drugs. Being good at refusing offers or pressures to drink or use drugs is a special example of assertiveness. Clients will learn about effective ways to resist social pressure. At the end of the session they will identify upcoming high-risk situations and develop plans to cope without using alcohol or drugs. The therapist also will review homework for the upcoming week.
Can Under-5 Mortality Be Reduced by Proactive Community Case Management?
Authors: Sathananthan Vidiya , Waters Ami 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and neonatal illnesses are the leading causes of childhood death in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Access to care is a key for diagnosing and treating these illnesses. This study utilizes proactive community case management of childhood illnesses by community health workers to study if under-5 mortality could be reduced. Under-5 mortality was estimated at 154 deaths per 1000 live births at the start of the study and 7 deaths per 1000 live births at the end of the study period. This study’s findings contribute to current evidence that proactive community case management may be able to reduce under-5 mortality and improve child health outcomes in peri-urban settings.
Reduced Risk of Post-Natal Transmission of HIV with Extended Antiretroviral Prophylactic Regimen
Authors: Schimek Trisha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In under-resourced regions, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are the leading cause of death in infants. Breastfeeding has been proven to reduce common pediatric illnesses by passing on maternal antibodies to the nursing infant, as well as by obviating the need for clean drinking water to prepare formula. However, if a mother is infected with HIV, there is a 10%–20% risk of transmission with prolonged breastfeeding. This study randomized the infants of HIV-1-infected mothers to receive either usual treatment, extended post-exposure prophylaxis with nevirapine for 14 weeks, or extended post-exposure prophylaxis using dual nevirapine and zidovudine treatment for 14 weeks. The results showed that extended prophylaxis with nevirapine and dual prophylaxis with nevirapine and zidovudine resulted in decreased rates of HIV-1 transmission during breastfeeding compared with the control arm. This study provides crucial information about prolonged drug prophylaxis for HIV prevention in breastfed infants.
BPaL, A New Oral Regimen for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Garg Tushar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Given the lack of effective treatments for complicated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), it will be challenging to achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) goal to end the global TB epidemic by 2035. The treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB consists of 4–6 drug regimens for durations of 1–2 years. In this open label, single-group study in 3 sites, the safety and efficacy of a 3-drug regimen, including bedaquiline, linezolid, and pretomanid (BPaL), was assessed for treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB. The all-oral, 6-month BPaL regimen for XDR- and complicated MDR-TB patients was highly effective, as 90% of patients had a favorable outcome. However, the incidence and severity of adverse effects caused by linezolid is alarming. The Nix-TB study shows that a highly effective, all-oral, short regimen for MDR- and XDR-TB can be implemented in both clinical and programmatic settings.
Corticosteroids for Bacterial Meningitis in Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jain Priyank 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In studies from high-income countries (HICs), corticosteroids have been shown to reduce mortality in patients with bacterial meningitis. However, this has not been replicated in sub-Saharan Africa or in areas with a high burden of HIV. This study looked at the efficacy of corticosteroids in patients in sub-Saharan Africa with high HIV positivity (90%) in improving clinical outcomes. The authors found that there was no benefit of administering corticosteroids in morbidity or mortality outcomes. This study demonstrates that promising results in other regions cannot always be extrapolated for use in areas that vary significantly in prevalence of disease and patient characteristics.
Nonphysician-Led Multidisciplinary Stepped-Care Program vs. Usual Primary Care Program for Females with Major Depression
Authors: Chowdhury Shaheen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
There is a significant burden of mental health illness globally, and this disproportionately affects areas with a dearth of mental health providers. This study compared the effectiveness of using a nonphysician-led, stepped-care approach as compared to usual care in the management of depression in a low-resource, primary-care setting. The stepped-care group scored 8.89 points lower than the usual-care group on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scores after treatment. At a 6-month follow-up, 70% of the stepped-care group had recovered, compared to 30% of the usual care group. This suggests that a nonphysician-led stepped-care approach incorporating locally available resources can produce significant benefits in the management of depression, even in under-resourced settings.
Where There Is No Anesthetist, Is Ketamine a Good Alternative?
Authors: Shah Naman 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Anesthesia services are often not available in many low-resource settings. In this landmark study in rural Kenya, the authors conduct an intervention with non-anesthetists using ketamine, a long-standing mainstay for anesthesia in similar settings, and describe its results among 1216 cases. The careful documentation establishes the safety and feasibility of ketamine use across a range of facilities, providers, and surgical indications. Additional qualitative findings indicate reduced financial burden of surgeries, decreased wait times for surgeries and enthusiastic acceptance by the ketamine-trained providers, surgeons, and hospital administrators, based on their direct experiences. 3.2% patients experienced brief hypoxia and 13% experienced hallucination or agitation.
Last Tweaks
Authors: Navin Mark C. , Attwell Katie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the first years of the 21st century, state policymakers in the United States responded to rising rates of vaccine hesitancy and refusal by making small changes to immunization governance. They made exemptions to school entry vaccine mandates more difficult to get without eliminating them entirely. States including Michigan, Washington, Oregon, and California required parents to be educated about vaccines and vaccine-preventable disease before they could access nonmedical exemptions. In California, Assembly Bill 2109 required parents to consult with a clinician before receiving such an exemption. These small policy changes were inexpensive to execute, and they often applied insights from behavioral sciences—such as nudges—to change parents’ behaviors without eliminating parents’ freedom to reject vaccination. Once implemented, these policies somewhat reduced nonmedical exemption rates, but not by as much as some policymakers had hoped. These policy tweaks did not incline committed vaccine refusers to embrace vaccination.
Social Meaning and Political Conflict
Authors: Navin Mark C. , Attwell Katie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEfforts to restrict and eliminate exemptions to California’s school-entry vaccine mandates generated social and political conflicts. Nonmedical exemptions made vaccine refusal a tolerated way of life, so efforts to remove them aimed to place vaccine refusers outside of mainstream society. Parents who refused vaccines pushed back against Assembly Bill 2109, which required them to be counselled by a clinician before receiving an exemption. They also protested Senate Bill 277, which eliminated nonmedical exemptions altogether. Later, after vaccine-refusing families accessed fraudulent medical exemptions from unscrupulous medical professionals, California increased regulation of medical exemptions via Senate Bill 276. In response, parents engaged in violent and racist attacks against policymakers. These conflicts later spilled over into resistance against COVID-19 pandemic control measures and COVID-19 vaccine mandates.
Policy Limitations and America’s Institutions
Authors: Navin Mark C. , Attwell Katie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmerican efforts to eliminate nonmedical exemptions (NMEs) to school and daycare mandates are likely to produce underwhelming benefits and higher-than-expected costs. In states whose legislatures can pass such laws, local communities and schools will not fully implement them, creating enforcement problems, as demonstrated in the California case. More important, only a handful of states are likely to eliminate NMEs, in light of new political polarization about immunization policy: Democratic state legislators favor NME elimination and Republicans oppose it. Finally, neither the COVID-19 pandemic nor President Trump’s response to it is responsible for today’s partisan political fights about vaccine mandates for routine childhood vaccines. Rather, efforts to tighten and eliminate NMEs drove politicization of immunization policy through the 2010s. Today’s conflicts are unfortunate unintended consequences.
Alignment of dense molecular core morphology and velocity gradients with ambient magnetic fields
Authors: Pandhi A , Friesen R K , Fissel L , Pineda J E , Caselli P , Chen M C-Y , Di Francesco J , Ginsburg A , Kirk H , Myers P C , Offner S S R , Punanova A , Quan F , Redaelli E , Rosolowsky E , Scibelli S , Seo Y M , Shirley Y 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Studies of dense core morphologies and their orientations with respect to gas flows and the local magnetic field have been limited to only a small sample of cores with spectroscopic data. Leveraging the Green Bank Ammonia Survey alongside existing sub-millimeter continuum observations and Planck dust polarization, we produce a cross-matched catalogue of 399 dense cores with estimates of core morphology, size, mass, specific angular momentum, and magnetic field orientation. Of the 399 cores, 329 exhibit 2D vLSR maps that are well fit with a linear gradient, consistent with rotation projected on the sky. We find a best-fit specific angular momentum and core size relationship of J/M ∝ R1.82 ± 0.10, suggesting that core velocity gradients originate from a combination of solid body rotation and turbulent motions. Most cores have no preferred orientation between the axis of core elongation, velocity gradient direction, and the ambient magnetic field orientation, favouring a triaxial and weakly magnetized origin. We find, however, strong evidence for a preferred anti-alignment between the core elongation axis and magnetic field for protostellar cores, revealing a change in orientation from starless and prestellar populations that may result from gravitational contraction in a magnetically-regulated (but not dominant) environment. We also find marginal evidence for anti-alignment between the core velocity gradient and magnetic field orientation in the L1228 and L1251 regions of Cepheus, suggesting a preferred orientation with respect to magnetic fields may be more prevalent in regions with locally ordered fields.
Effect of the Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Biomarkers of Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Lipids in Smokers Who Quit Smoking
Authors: Colsoul Marie-Lise , Goderniaux Nicolas , Onorati Sabrina , Dupuis Stéphanie , Jamart Jacques , Vanpee Dominique , Berlin Ivan , Galanti Laurence 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Our previous study showed major changes in biomarkers on quitting compared to the smoking state. They reflected a decrease in inflammation, endothelial activation, and oxidative stress, as well as an improved lipid profile. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective to increase the rate of successful quitting, but healthcare professionals may have concerns to prescribe this first-line smoking cessation treatment because its effect on inflammation and related processes is controversial.

Aims and Methods
The present study assessed the influence of NRT on biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and lipids, in people who quit smoking. Sixty-five subjects who daily smoke cigarettes were recruited and followed on quitting. Thirty-five quit using NRT and thirty quit without NRT. Biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and lipids were quantified at baseline when actively smoking and after cessation in the presence of NRT or not.

Results
Changes in biomarkers on quitting did not differ according to the treatment used. No difference was found when comparing participants who were exposed to NRT and those who were not.

Conclusions
These results may indicate that NRT has no effect on inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and lipids, when used as a medication aid for quitting smoking.

Implications
This study provides new evidence to support the safety profile of NRT products regarding the biomarkers of endothelial function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipids.
Contrasting dissolved organic matter biodegradation and bacterial cytometric features in oligotrophic and ultraoligotrophic Patagonian lakes
Authors: Gerea Marina , Soto Cárdenas Carolina , Garcia Patricia Elizabeth , Quiroga María Victoria , Queimaliños Claudia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Biodegradation process of dissolved organic matter (DOM) could be affected by its concentration and quality. Two biodegradation experiments were conducted in two contrasting seasons in two oligotrophic and one ultraoligotrophic temperate lakes, which comprise a natural gradient of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and quality (including lakes of &lt; 83.33 μM). We examined associations between biodegradation and bacterial cytometric descriptors (i.e. abundance, DNA relative content, etc.) and with different DOM characteristics. The biolabile DOC (BDOC) was higher in shallow oligotrophic lakes, which displayed higher DOC concentration than the deep ultraoligotrophic one. The BDOC was mainly relatable not only to DOC concentration but also with DOM quality [fluorescent terrestrial-humic component normalized by DOC (C2:DOC), lignin content (a*350) and biological index]. We found a positive association between biodegradation process and high nucleic acid–content bacterial group. The bacterioplankton cytometric features were shaped by DOM concentration and quality along the biodegradation process. We concluded that in oligotrophic lakes, DOC concentration was the main driver of BDOC, whereas in ultraoligotrophic lakes, DOM quality played a more central role. This study contributes to better understand the biodegradation process in pristine low-DOC lakes with natural variation in allochthonous DOM inputs and with implications in the biogeochemical cycles.
Active video games and weight management in overweight children and adolescents—systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bourke M , Patterson L , Di Nardo F , Whittaker P , Verma A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing for several decades. Active video games (AVG) may be an effective intervention to help manage this rising health crisis. The aim of this review is to evaluate whether AVG are effective at reducing weight or improving body composition in overweight youths.

Method
Medline, Embase, SportDiscus, ASSIA, CINAHL Plus, CENTRAL, CDSR and PsychINFO databases were searched for studies assessing quantitative or qualitative impact of AVG in overweight adolescents published in English. Three authors screened the results using inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Results
A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria; 11 reported a significant decrease in at least one weight outcome. Results from seven randomized controlled trials were pooled by meta-analysis, which compared with controls subjects in AVG groups demonstrated greater body mass index (BMI) Z-score reduction (mean difference: −0.09 (−0.12, −0.05) I2 = 34%, P &lt; 0.0001). The mean weight reduction (−2.66 Kg (−5.67, +0.35) I2 = 0%, P = 0.08) and BMI (−2.29 (−4.81, +0.22) I2 = 49%, P = 0.07) were greater in AVG groups but results did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
BMI Z-score was significantly reduced in the AVG group and the majority of included studies reported significant results in at least one weight outcome, suggesting AVG can be used to reduce weight or improve body composition in overweight youths. Further studies investigating the long-term sustainability of this change in body composition are needed.
Online tree expansion could help solve the problem of scalability in Bayesian phylogenetics
Authors: Truszkowski Jakub , Perrigo Allison , Broman David , Ronquist Fredrik , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bayesian phylogenetics is now facing a critical point. Over the last 20 years, Bayesian methods have reshaped phylogenetic inference and gained widespread popularity due to their high accuracy, the ability to quantify the uncertainty of inferences and the possibility of accommodating multiple aspects of evolutionary processes in the models that are used. Unfortunately, Bayesian methods are computationally expensive, and typical applications involve at most a few hundred sequences. This is problematic in the age of rapidly expanding genomic data and increasing scope of evolutionary analyses, forcing researchers to resort to less accurate but faster methods, such as maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. Does this spell doom for Bayesian methods? Not necessarily. Here, we discuss some recently proposed approaches that could help scale up Bayesian analyses of evolutionary problems considerably. We focus on two particular aspects: online phylogenetics, where new data sequences are added to existing analyses, and alternatives to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for scalable Bayesian inference. We identify 5 specific challenges and discuss how they might be overcome. We believe that online phylogenetic approaches and Sequential Monte Carlo hold great promise and could potentially speed up tree inference by orders of magnitude. We call for collaborative efforts to speed up the development of methods for real-time tree expansion through online phylogenetics.
Effects of multiple vitamin E levels and two fat sources in diets for swine fed to heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile, vitamin E concentrations, immune capacity, and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue
Authors: Wang Ding , Jang Young Dal , Kelley Marlee , Rentfrow Gregg K , Azain Michael J , Lindemann Merlin D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effect of two fat sources and graded levels of vitamin E (VE) supplementation on tissue fatty acid profile, VE concentrations, immune capacity, and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissues of pigs at heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 48 individually-fed pigs (24 barrows, 24 gilts; 28.44 ± 2.69 kg) were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. The two fat treatments were either 5% tallow (TW) or 5% distiller’s corn-oil (DCO). The VE treatments included four levels of α-tocopheryl-acetate (11, 40, 100, and 200 ppm). Compared to pigs fed the DCO diet, pigs fed the TW diet had greater SFA (C14, C16, and C18; P &lt; 0.05) and MUFAs (C14:1, C16:1, C18:1, and C20:1; P &lt; 0.05), lower PUFA (C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:2, C20:3, and C20:4; P &lt; 0.05) and iodine value in the backfat and belly fat. Increasing dietary VE supplementation level increased α- and total tocopherol concentrations in plasma (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05), liver, and loin muscle (linear, P &lt; 0.06), superoxide dismutase activity (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05), but decreased γ-tocopherol concentrations in liver (linear, P = 0.06), plasma, and loin muscle (quadratic, P &lt; 0.07), and decreased liver glutathione disulfide (GSSG; linear, P = 0.07) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). There was an interaction between fat sources and dietary VE supplementation level on the concentration of α-tocopherol in the loin muscle (P &lt; 0.05) wherein a greater increase was observed in the TW treatment than the DCO treatment with the increasing dietary VE supplementation level. In conclusion, dietary FA composition in TW and DCO affected the composition of most FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver while increasing VE supplementation level did not significantly alter the FA profile in these tissues. Increasing dietary VE supplementation level increased tocopherol concentrations in plasma, liver and loin muscle, and improved antioxidant capacity while tocopherol concentrations in plasma, liver and loin muscle in the TW treatment increased more than they did in the DCO treatment.