bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rieske Oxygenases and Other Ferredoxin‐Dependent Enzymes: Electron Transfer Principles and Catalytic Capabilities
Authors: Runda Michael E. , de Kok Niels A. W. , Schmidt Sandy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnzymes that depend on sophisticated electron transfer via ferredoxins (Fds) exhibit outstanding catalytic capabilities, but despite decades of research, many of them are still not well understood or exploited for synthetic applications. This review aims to provide a general overview of the most important Fd‐dependent enzymes and the electron transfer processes involved. While several examples are discussed, we focus in particular on the family of Rieske non‐heme iron‐dependent oxygenases (ROs). In addition to illustrating their electron transfer principles and catalytic potential, the current state of knowledge on structure–function relationships and the mode of interaction between the redox partner proteins is reviewed. Moreover, we highlight several key catalyzed transformations, but also take a deeper dive into their engineerability for biocatalytic applications. The overall findings from these case studies highlight the catalytic capabilities of these biocatalysts and could stimulate future interest in developing additional Fd‐dependent enzyme classes for synthetic applications.
Influence of water saturation on the compressive strength of concrete under high strain rates
Authors: Mosig Oliver , Beckmann Birgit , Curbach Manfred 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, the influence of different water saturation achieved by different storage conditions on the static and dynamic compressive strength of three different concretes were investigated. The specimens were first dried then water‐saturated and tested both under static and impact loading. The impact tests were carried out in a split Hopkinson bar. Depending on the concrete strength class, increases in the compressive strength of 200%–300% at strain rates in the range of 90–160 1/s were observed. Compared to storage under ambient conditions, the compressive strength decreases as a result of drying due to microcrack formation. Furthermore, the concretes compressive strengths of water‐saturated specimens decrease compared to dry specimens. This decrease was observed under both static and impact loading and is independent of the strain rate. The failure of the dry specimens was more explosive with an increased number of cracks compared to water‐saturated specimens.
Destillation auf der ACHEMA 2022
Authors: Merkel Amelie , Leushacke Wibke , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEines der meistverwendeten thermischen Verfahren zur Trennung und Reinigung von Prozessströmen in der chemischen Industrie ist die Destillation. Die dabei eingesetzten Rektifikationskolonnen besitzen, zur Steigerung der Trenneffizienz, Einbauten in Form von Böden, Packungen und Füllkörpern. Durch den hohen Einsatz der Kolonnen besteht fortlaufend ein Interesse an einer Effizienzerhöhung, einer Energieeinsparung und einer Erweiterung des Einsatzgebietes. Zu diesen Themen wurden die Unternehmen der ACHEMA 2022 befragt. Einige der Neuigkeiten werden in diesem Bericht zusammengefasst.
Pseudorotaxane Ligand‐Induced Formation of Copper(I) Iodide Cluster Based Assembly Materials: From Zero to Three Dimensional
Authors: Zhao Xuan‐Hui , Li Na‐Na , Xu Jun , Dong Xi‐Yan , Li Si , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryIn this work, we have successfully obtained a series of novel copper(I)–iodide clusters (CuI NCs) based assembly materials by combining supramolecular pseudorotaxane ligands {[Mebpe+]PF6–@CB[6] (CB[6] = cucurbit[6]uril), L’·PF6} and linkers {BPHF@CB[6], [BPHF = C14H20N4(PF6)2], L·PF6}, including discrete cluster CuI 1 and extended cluster organic frameworks MORF 1 and MORF 2. CuI 1 can be described as a dumbbell‐shaped molecule with its body‐centered site and two vertexes respectively occupied by one [Cu5I6]– cluster and two CB[6] held together by two L’·PF6 ligands. The crystal structures of MORF 1 and MORF 2 are 1D anionic chain and four‐fold interpenetrated 3D cationic diamondoid structure, respectively, which all featured intriguing alternating CB[6] and CuI NCs. Furthermore, CuI 1 exhibits outstanding thermochromic and piezochromic luminescence. MORF 1 and MORF 2 also are detected pressure dependent luminescence properties with an enormous blue‐shift of the near‐infrared (NIR) emission band under high pressure compression. These exciting and smart materials possess great potential in the application field of novel temperature and pressure sensors.
Robust nonparametric hypothesis tests for differences in the covariance structure of functional data
Authors: Ramsay Kelly , Chenouri Shoja'eddin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe develop a group of robust, nonparametric hypothesis tests that detect differences between the covariance operators of several populations of functional data. These tests, called functional Kruskal–Wallis tests for covariance, or FKWC tests, are based on functional data depth ranks. FKWC tests work well even when the data are heavy‐tailed, which is shown both in simulation and theory. FKWC tests offer several other benefits: they have a simple asymptotic distribution under the null hypothesis, they are computationally cheap, and they possess transformation‐invariance properties. We show that under general alternative hypotheses, these tests are consistent under mild, nonparametric assumptions. As a result, we introduce a new functional depth function called ‐root depth that works well for the purposes of detecting differences in magnitude between covariance kernels. We present an analysis of the FKWC test based on ‐root depth under local alternatives. Through simulations, when the true covariance kernels have an infinite number of positive eigenvalues, we show that these tests have higher power than their competitors while maintaining their nominal size. We also provide a method for computing sample size and performing multiple comparisons.
Nanoarchitectonics and Applications of Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Micro‐ and Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Peng , Xia Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, gallium‐based liquid metal (GLM) is an attractive material because of its excellent characteristics such as ultra‐low melting point, high fluidity, high conductivity, self‐healing and so on. GLMs have unique properties at micro and nano scales, such as core‐shell structure, sinterability, biocompatibility and photothermal conversion ability and so on, which promote the development of relevant application directions. Therefore, various preparation methods of GLM particles and conductive connection of GLM nanoparticles through various sintering methods are reviewed in this paper. In addition, GLM particles also show great prospects in flexible circuits, sensor detection, medical treatment, energy production and other fields
Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes: Post‐treatment maturation and implications for future therapy
Authors: Gualano Francesca M. , Hassoun Patrice , Carter Claire L. , Hanson Derek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmbryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a deadly grade IV pediatric brain tumor. Despite an intensive multimodal treatment approach that includes surgical resection, high‐dose chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the progression‐free survival at 5 years is less than 30%.CaseWe report a case of long‐term survival in a 5‐month old female with a large mass in the posterior fossa, diagnosed as ETMR, which subsequently underwent treatment‐induced maturation. Prior to chemotherapy, histopathology revealed an abundance of highly proliferative, undifferentiated cells and multilayered rosette structures. Conversely, post‐treatment histopathology revealed cell populations that differentiated into neuronal and ganglionic phenotypes. At 5‐year follow‐up, the patient remains progression‐free.ConclusionThis finding contributes to the few reports to date of post‐treatment differentiation/maturation of ETMR cell populations, with an implication for less cytotoxic therapeutic interventions aimed at differentiation.
An active damping control strategy with improved transient performance for high‐frequency AC power distribution in intelligent vehicles
Authors: Zhou Hao , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Zhi , Ma Mingze , Zeng Jun 
Published: March 2023

SummaryHigh‐frequency AC (HFAC) LCLC resonant inverter has recently received more and more attention in power distribution system (PDS) of intelligent vehicles. However, LCLC resonance complicates the design of a current control loop and can even threaten the stability and transient performance of PDS. Active damping (AD) strategies based on the feedback of a single filter voltage or current have been shown to be effective and cost‐efficient method for attenuating resonant spikes. In this paper, a notch filter‐based AD (NFAD) control strategy is proposed to improve the stability and transient performance of PDS for intelligent vehicles. By sensing and feeding back the output resonance current of LCLC resonant inverter, the NFAD control strategy is then formulated to emulate a virtual impedance in order to improve the system phase margin and crossover frequency. Hence, the proposed control strategy can not only suppress the LCLC double resonance peaks but also effectively improve the transient performance of resonant inverter while guaranteeing the stability of the system. Finally, an experimental prototype was established and tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy with a rated output power of 130 W, an operation frequency of 25 kHz, and a sinusoidal output voltage of 28 V (rms).
Insulin resistance is more frequent in type 1 diabetes patients with long disease duration
Authors: Xie Yuting , Shi Mei , Ji Xiaolin , Huang Fansu , Fan Li , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the clinical status of insulin resistance (IR) and its correlation with disease duration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional data from a T1D cohort were obtained (n = 923). IR‐related metabolic disorders including hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia were used as outcome variables to explore the cut‐off point for estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) by restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve. Regression models were used for multivariate analysis of the clinical factors associated with IR. The correlation between the status of IR and diabetes duration was depicted with the RCS curve.ResultsIR‐related metabolic disorders were observed in 39.4% of patients, with 9.1% meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Specifically, patients with ≥10 years of T1D were more likely to have IR‐related metabolic disorders (54.7% vs. 36.9%, p < 0.05). The presence of IR, defined as an eGDR ≤9.0 mg/kg/min, was observed in 42.2% of patients. Patients with IR had a longer diabetes duration (3.5 vs. 2.7, years, p = 0.003) and higher insulin dose (0.5 vs. 0.4, units per kg per day, p < 0.001). Moreover, the presence of IR showed a gradual increase during 10 years' disease duration and further analysis showed that diabetes duration ≥10 years was a key element behind the development of IR and IR‐related metabolic disorders.ConclusionsThe status of IR is common in T1D patients, especially in those with ≥10 years of disease duration. Therapies targeting balancing glycaemic control and IR are needed to decrease the future risk of cardiovascular diseases in T1D.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03610984 (cohort study of patients with type 1 diabetes).
Sensing context: Inhibitory receptors on non‐hematopoietic cells
Authors: von Richthofen Helen J. , Meyaard Linde 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSimilar to immune cells, non‐hematopoietic cells recognize microbial and endogenous threats. Their response to these stimuli is dependent on the environmental context. For example, intact intestinal epithelium expresses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) but should tolerate commensal bacteria, while damaged epithelium should respond promptly to initiate an immune response. This indicates that non‐hematopoietic cells possess mechanisms to sense environmental context and regulate their responses. Inhibitory receptors provide context sensing to immune cells. For instance, they raise the threshold for activation to prevent overzealous immune activation to harmless stimuli. Inhibitory receptors are typically studied on hematopoietic cells, but several of these receptors are expressed on non‐hematopoietic cells. Here, we review evidence for the regulation of non‐hematopoietic cells by inhibitory receptors, focusing on epithelial and endothelial cells. We explain that inhibitory receptors on these cells can sense a wide range of signals, including cell‐cell adhesion, cell‐matrix adhesion, and apoptotic cells. More importantly, they regulate various functions on these cells, including immune activation, proliferation, and migration. In conclusion, we propose that inhibitory receptors provide context to non‐hematopoietic cells by fine tuning their response to endogenous or microbial stimuli. These findings prompt to investigate the functions of inhibitory receptors on non‐hematopoietic cells more systematically.
Power supplies for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices
Authors: Deng Jue , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has proved to be the most successful device‐based therapy to reduce morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease over decades. The evolution of power supplies always promotes the development of CIEDs from historical perspectives. However, with the increased demands of therapy energy, modern CIEDs still face huge challenges in terms of longevity, size, and reliability of power supplies. Recent advances in batteries and novel energy devices have provided promising approaches to improve power supplies and enhance the therapeutic capabilities of CIEDs. In this review, we will summarize the therapy energy in different types of CIEDs tailored to specific cardiovascular diseases and discuss the design criterion of implantable batteries. After overviewing the evolution of batteries, we will discuss emerging cutting‐edge power technologies, including new battery systems, wearable power management platforms, wireless energy transfer, and leadless and unsealed devices.image
Feature–target pairing in machine learning for battery health diagnosis and prognosis: A critical review
Authors: Huang Zijie , Sugiarto Lawnardo , Lu Yi‐Chun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been dominating the markets of electric vehicles and grid energy storage. Accurate monitoring of battery health status has been one of the most critical challenges of the battery industry. Machine learning (ML) has been widely applied to battery health estimation as well as prediction. Here, by investigating the specific features and targets, we comprehensively discuss task‐oriented ML implementation in various application scenarios in the field of battery health. This review explores the tasks assisted by ML based on multi‐level cell degradation. We highlight opportunities and significance of considering the potential feature–target pair during the ML model training to identify more health information about LIBs as well as shed light into designing tasks for new application scenarios.image
A study on oxidation stability improvement of a palm oil‐derived biodiesel by a synthetic antioxidant
Authors: Ishak Nijad , Msheik Malek , Cursaru Diana‐Luciana , Riachi Bassam , Nassreddine Salim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiodiesel, an alternative for conventional diesel, can be produced from renewable resources such as vegetable oils. One of the most crucial characteristics of biodiesel fuel is oxidation stability, which significantly influences the stability of biodiesel during prolonged storage. In fact, biodiesel is less resistant against oxidation than the conventional diesel. In order to transcend this problem, additives are employed. This work uses the Rancimat technique to examine the effects of various antioxidants additives on the oxidation stability of different produced biodiesel. The oxidative stability of biodiesel produced from rapeseed, palm, sunflower and waste cooking oil were evaluated after assuring that the properties of used oils and produced biodiesel complied with the ASTM requirements. Palm biodiesel was selected since it showed the highest oxidation stability of 1.32 h. The experimental findings demonstrated that the two antioxidants investigated (phenolhydrazine and thiamine hydrochloride) are boosting oxidation stability, however phenolhydrazine is providing a higher oxidation stability than thiamine hydrochloride. The optimal amount of phenolhydrazine was found to be 2550 ppm and resulted in an oxidation stability of 6 h. This great enhancement of oxidation stability (454%) ascertained that phenolhydrazine is a strong antioxidant to be utilized in order to enhance shelf life of natural source‐derived biodiesels. The mentioned antioxidant was not yet studied in literature which confirms the novelty of our work.
Modeling sarcoma relevant translocations using CRISPR‐Cas9 in human embryonic stem derived mesenchymal precursors
Authors: Vanoli Fabio , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe role of cancer relevant translocations in tumorigenesis has been historically hampered by the lack of faithful in vitro and in vivo models. The development of the latest genome editing tools (e.g., CRISPR‐Cas9) allowed modeling of various chromosomal translocations with different effects on proliferation and transformation capacity depending on the cell line used and secondary genetic alterations. The cellular context is particularly relevant in the case of oncogenic fusions expressed in sarcomas whose histogenesis remain uncertain. Moreover, recent studies have emphasized the increased frequency of gene fusion promiscuity across different mesenchymal tumor entities, which are clinicopathologically unrelated. This review provides a summary of different strategies utilized to generate cancer models with a focus on fusion‐driven mesenchymal neoplasia.
A structural analysis of physician agency and pharmaceutical demand
Authors: Tang Meng‐Chi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the significance of physician agency in medical providers' prescription choices. Physician agency is considered as medical providers' responses to the price and markup percentage of prescription drugs. Their preferences are allowed to be heterogeneous using a random coefficient logit model. Using a sample of anti‐diabetic prescriptions with metformin from a population‐based database in Taiwan, empirical results reveal that physician owners, privately‐owned medical providers, small medical providers and the medical providers facing less competition are more likely to prescribe drugs with higher profit margins. The aggregate pharmaceutical demand is also found to increase with the markup, which is allowed to be endogenous in the estimation. Price elasticity estimates suggest medical providers are quite responsive to pharmaceutical price changes in Taiwan. Counterfactual analysis reveals the potential impact of physician agency is economically significant. Removing markups and lowering pharmaceutical prices are found to be more welfare enhancing than restricting physicians' dispensing services.
An integrative view of human hippocampal function: Differences with other species and capacity considerations
Authors: Quian Quiroga Rodrigo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe describe an integrative model that encodes associations between related concepts in the human hippocampal formation, constituting the skeleton of episodic memories. The model, based on partially overlapping assemblies of “concept cells,” contrast markedly with the well‐established notion of pattern separation, which relies on conjunctive, context dependent single neuron responses, instead of the invariant, context independent responses found in the human hippocampus. We argue that the model of partially overlapping assemblies is better suited to cope with memory capacity limitations, that the finding of different types of neurons and functions in this area is due to a flexible and temporary use of the extraordinary machinery of the hippocampus to deal with the task at hand, and that only information that is relevant and frequently revisited will consolidate into long‐term hippocampal representations, using partially overlapping assemblies. Finally, we propose that concept cells are uniquely human and that they may constitute the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive abilities that are much further developed in humans compared to other species.
Alteration of hippocampal CA2 plasticity and social memory in adult rats impacted by juvenile stress
Authors: Raghuraman Radha , Navakkode Sheeja , Sajikumar Sreedharan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe hippocampal CA2 region has received greater attention in recent years due to its fundamental role in social memory and hippocampus‐dependent memory processing. Unlike entorhinal cortical inputs, the Schaffer collateral inputs to CA2 do not support activity‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP), which serves as the basis for long‐term memories. This LTP‐resistant zone also expresses genes that restrict plasticity. With the aim of exploring social interaction and sociability in rats that were subjected to juvenile stress, we addressed questions about how the neural circuitry is altered and its effects on social behavior. Although there was induction of LTP in both Schaffer collateral and entorhinal cortical pathways in juvenile‐stressed rats, LTP declined in both pathways after 2–3 h. Moreover, exogenous bath application of substance P, a neuropeptide that resulted in slow onset long‐lasting potentiation in control animals while it failed to induce LTP in juvenile‐stressed rats. Our study reveals that juvenile‐stressed rats show behavioral and cellular abnormalities with a long‐lasting impact in adulthood.