bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Irinotecan enantiomer impurity in Irinotecan Hydrochloride API by using reverse-phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Srinivas P Vijay , Manjusha K Gana , Vinukonda Anjaneyulu 
Published: May 2023

To evaluate and quantify Irinotecan (R-enantiomer) / Irinotecan related compound D in Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate API, a high stereo-specific liquid chromatography technique was developed and validated. The partition was accomplished on ChiralpakIC-3 (150 x 4.6 mm 3µm) through a mobile fragment comprising 0.1 % v/v Formic acid in water and acetonitrile with 1mL/min, 250C, 20µL, 50C and 370 nmas flow rate, column temparture, injection volume, sample cooler temperature and detection wavelength. At 8.903 and 9.75 min, the retention time of Irinotecan (R-enantiomer) and Irinotecan (S-enantiomer) was determined. The resolution between Irinotecan (R-enantiomer) and Irinotecan (S-enantiomer) was found to be 2.4. The impurity acceptance limit is 0.2 %. The established method's precision, accuracy, sensitivity, linearity, specificity, and ruggedness were all verified in accordance with ICH recommendations. The qualifying sample LOQ was found to be 0.4 g/ml, while the minimal amount of sample needed for LOD detection was found to be 0.12 g/ml. The proposed reversed-phase method has been sophisticated and authenticated in accordance with ICH criteria and is capable of quantifying irinotecan enantiomer in irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate API at trace level concentration. The specificity, linearity, and accuracy of the approach were used to guarantee its efficacy; as a result, it is appropriate for the task at hand, may be used successfully for routine laboratory analysis, and can be utilised for quality control.
Keywords: Irinotecan, liquid chromatography technique, enantiomer impurity
A Concise review on application of solid lipids and various techniques in the formulation development
Authors: Ahire Sandip Barku , Kamble Ravindra Keshavrao 
Published: May 2023

Lipids have wide range of applications in food and pharmaceuticals. The pharmaceuticals application of lipid is to improve solubility of drug also helps to improve the bioavailability. The dissolution/dissolving phase, which is probably the rate-limiting component for oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs, is eliminated by pre-dissolving pharmaceuticals in lipids, surfactants, or combinations of lipid excipients and surfactants. The most widely used co-solvents, together with lipid excipients, are propylene glycol, glycerol, and polyethylene glycols-400, poloxamer etc. various technologies are used such as melt extrusion, melt granulation for preparation of lipid based oral modified released dosage forms. This review summaries the overview of the lipid excipients in terms of their classification, methods of absorption, and lipid-based product development. The manufacture of solid and semi-solid lipid formulations using various methodologies, applications, phase behaviour, and the regulatory outlook of lipid excipients are covered.
Keywords: Solid lipids, lipid classification, solidification techniques, modified released.
Isolation of Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) from tasar, Antherea mylitta pupal oil and its anticancer activity
Authors: Srivastava Devika , Singh Vandana , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar R Venkatesh 
Published: May 2023

Previously, we reported that tasar silkworm pupal oil (TPO) is a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (37%). In this study, we have used three chromatographic techniques, namely preparative HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID), to purify, determine, and quantify alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), respectively, from TPO. Additionally, to determine the potential of the purified ALA as an anticancer drug, the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was utilised for in vitro investigation. Results revealed that ALA was successfully purified in a fraction of TPO by preparatory HPLC. It was discovered that only ALA was present in the purified fraction of ALA when it underwent GC-MS analysis, further confirming its purity. In addition, the quantification analysis using GC-FID showed that the concentration of ALA was 11760 ppm. Furthermore, anticancer analysis revealed purified ALA significantly inhibited the growth of a colon cancer cell line, (COLO-205) with a GI 50 ≤20. This is the initial investigation into isolating and purifying ALA from Tasar pupal oil.
Keywords: Alpha-linolenic acid; GC-FID; HPLC; Omega-3Preparative, Tasar pupal oil.
A Study on Pharmacognostical Approach on Taraxacum officinale
Authors: Verma Anamika , Ahuja Dharmendra , Thakur Shilpa 
Published: May 2023

The dandelion, or Taraxacum officinale, is a perennial herb that forms a rosette leaf and has golden yellow flowers that bloom all year long. It is a member of the Asteraceae family and is typically found in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere. Many conventional and modern herbal medical systems use dandelion leaves, roots, and flowers. According to a phytochemical analysis, dandelion herb contains one or more important phytochemical components. Similarly, one of the most significant dandelion compounds contains bitter sesquiterpene lactones, particularly taraxacin and taraxacerin, which play a key role in the mechanism of liver functions associated with hepatoprotective action. Additionally, the results of the phytochemical investigation showed the presence of sterols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, all of which have been linked to a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects.
Keywords: Taraxacum officinale, sesquiterpene lactone; hepatoprotective; anticancer; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory.
An Unusual Presentation of Nasal Polyp: A Case Report on Ethmoid Polyposis
Authors: Ranjana S R , Sreelekshmy B S , Dhanya Dharman , Shaiju S Dharan , Nayanthara Ramesh 
Published: May 2023

Ethmoid polyposis are the nasal polyps which are developed from ethmoidal sinuses located between the nose and eyes. Usually it is allergic in nature and can be multiple, grape like masses. The estimated ethmoid polyposis prevalence in India is 4%. In this case study, a 61 year old female patient was admitted with complaints of severe nasal block since approximately 6 months.
Keywords: Ethmoid polyposis, Nasal polyp, Antro-choanal polyp, Choana, Polypectomy
Formulation and Evaluation of Cosmetic Gel Using Maranta Arundinacea L.
Authors: Ranganathan Sundhararajan , Gopalakrishnan Rajalakshmi , Shajimon RESHMA Chittettu , Elamkuttivalapil ROHINI Perumbilavil , Suresh Kumar SANTHIYA , Abdullah MINHAJUDEEN , Ravi SANGEETHA 
Published: May 2023

In this study an attempt was made to formulate cosmetic gel using Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot powder) Arrowroot contains flavonoids which is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, antibacterial properties from long time. It has earned a reputation as an elegant, lightweight, all-natural absorbent powder with added skin-nourishing, reduce oiliness, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-irritant properties and for treating wounds from historical times. The rhizome of the plant was processed to obtain arrowroot powder. The cosmetic gel was developed using two polymers carbopol 934 and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (sodium CMC) in different ratios as gelling agents using dispersion method. The formulated gel was evaluated for various physicochemical factors like physical appearance, homogeneity, spread ability, pH and viscosity measurements. Cosmetic gel prepared using carbopol 934 by dispersion method in 1: 5 ratio showed better results in all parameters compared with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. The best formulation F3 was tested for its antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureus by comparing the zone of inhibition with the standard drug (Azithromycin) and blank gel. F3 formulation showed a zone of inhibition of 15.2 mm above the minimum inhibitory concentration. Stability studies for 3 months gave promising results. Thus, cosmetic gel of arrow root with Carbopol 934 in the ratio of 1:5 was found to be ideal gel for acne treatment and skin rejuvenating purpose.
Keywords: Flavonoids, Rhizome, Staphylococcus aureus, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Zone of inhibition, Dispersion method.
Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Pembelajaran Online Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Sari Inggrid Devi Putri Arum , Susanto Ratnawati 
Published: May 2023

Fenomena rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas V sekolah dasar dalam pembelajaran online dimasa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kompetensi pedagogic guru dalam pembelajaran online pada masa pandemi covid-19 terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner atau angket dan dokumentasi hasil belajar siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V A yang berjumlah 31 siswa. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai = 14.614 > = 2,045 dengan signifikansi 0,00 < 0,05. Hasil ini berarti bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam pembelajaran online pada masa pandemi covid-19 memiliki pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V sekolah dasar. Guru hendaknya terus meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik dalam pembelajaran online pada masa pandemi covid-19 agar siswa dapat memiliki hasil belajar yang tinggi dan tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan guru dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogi agar dapat membantu disiswa dalam proses pembelajaran daring, sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa menjadi lebih baik.
Video Blogging (VLOG) Gerhana Bulan dan Matahari untuk Kelas IV SD
Authors: Suartama I Wayan Agus , Suartama I Kadek , Renda Ndara Tanggu 
Published: May 2023

Siswa kesulitan mempelajari gerhana bulan dan matahari yang masih bersifat abstrak. Selain itu, kurang mengembangkan media dapat digunakan siswa belajar mandiri. Bahan ajar membuat siswa kurang minat dalam belajar. Hal ini mempengaruhi pemahaman dan motivasi belajar yang kurang sehingga hasil belajar rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menciptakan video Blogging (VLOG) gerhana bulan dan matahari untuk kels IV SD. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian yaitu 2 ahli media, 2 ahli materi, dan 2 praktisi. Subjek uji coba yaitu 6 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner. Instrument pengumpulan data menggunakan rating scale. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu penilaian yang dilakukan ahli media video yaitu 4,73 (sangat valid), ahli materi yaitu 4,81 (sangat valid), dan penilaian dari praktisi yaitu 5 (sangat valid). Hasil uji kepraktisan yang dilakukan oleh siswa didapatkan rata-rata 4,81 sehingga sangat valid. Disimpulkan bahwa video Blogging (vlog) sangat valid dan layak digunakan. Implikasi penelitian yaitu video Blogging dapat membantu siswa belajar.
Perangkat Pendidikan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Berbasis Interaktif
Authors: Sulhan Muhammad Hadi , Mutmainna Gina Nafsa , Perceka Andhika Lungguh 
Published: May 2023

Teknik ceramah dianggap kurang berdaya guna karena interaksi mahasiswa dengan dosen belum terlaksana dengan baik, sehingga saat dosen mempresentasikan substansi perkuliahan mahasiswa kurang fokus, mudah bosan dan sambal mengerjakan tugas yang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menciptakan perangkat pendidikan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja berbasis interaktif. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian yaitu 4 pakar dan mahasiswa tingkat I sebanyak 30 orang dan uji kelompok kecil dilaksanakan pada mahasiswa tingkat II sebanyak 9 mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data dengan angket, observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perolehan evaluasi ahli substansi bermula dari perspektif pendidikan dan substansi pendidikan 4,35 tergolong cukup menggunakan alat pendidikan. Penilaian ahli perangkat dari segi bentuk (presentasi) dan desain perangkat diperoleh nilai 4,21 yang tergolong cukup. Tanggapan evaluasi siswa ditinjau dari segi desain, tampilan (presentasi), substansi dan kegunaan yaitu: perolehan 47% siswa menyatakan menarik perangkat pendidikan dalam kategori sangat baik dan 53% menyatakan baik sebagai perangkat pendidikan. Hasil percobaan kelompok dengan jumlah yang besar adalah 4,146, dengan 37% siswa menyatakan alat pendidikan yang dikelompokkan sangat baik dan 59% siswa menyatakan baik. Hasil menunjukkan perangkat pendidikan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja berbasis interaktif layak digunakan.
The Implementation of Literacy Activities in Primary School
Authors: Prawira Ni Nyoman Pradnyani , Artini Luh Putu , Marsakawati Ni Putu Era , Padmadewi Ni Nyoman , Ratminingsih Ni Made , Utami I G A Lokita Purnamika 
Published: May 2023

School Literacy Movement is a program which has been voiced by the Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture since 2015. This program aimed to promote and support reading culture in school due to consistent unsatisfactory result of Program of International Student Assessment indicate the need for special effort to improve the young generation’s literacy skills. This study aimed at analyzing such efforts in the school level. The study employed a qualitative research design which explored the types of literacy activities implemented in the school to support literacy movement program. Classroom observation and interview were conducted to collect the data from Bali Kiddy School. There were 2 teachers who gave their consent to be involved in this study. The data were analyzed descriptively. These phases include categorizing the data, presenting the findings, and evaluating and validating the data. The finding reveals that the schools have some strategies to engage students to read non-subject books, write reading response journal, do spelling and writing activities. To encourage children's literacy development, building a literacy environment where they are highly exposed to the language is essential.
Transcarpathian Depression: Study of Low-Velocity Zones in the Earth’s Crust Based on the Seismic Regional Profiles Data
Authors: Murovskay A. , Verpakhovska O. , Hnylko O. , Chorna O. , Yegorova T. 
Published: May 2023

Transcarpathian depression (TD) is located in the junction zone of the eastern margin of ALCAPA terrain and the northern part of Tisza-Dacia one, buried under thick Neogene molasses. The Earth’s crust structure of the TD is not clearly understood.
The purpose of this work is to refine the TD crust structure and identify low-velocity zones by interpreting wave images obtained from WARR PANCAKE profile data using the finite-difference reflection/refraction migration method.
The crustal domain beneath the TD is interpreted to be limited from southwest by a fault gently southwest dipping, traced from Pieniny Klippen Belt on the surface. Within domain two suture zones being the Alpine Tethys ocean remnants and cemented the European plate and ALCAPA microplate, were distinguished: Piemont-Liguria and PKB ones, as well as a rootless fragment of ALCAPA terrain. The Outer Carpathians thrust belt of 13 km depth borders the TD by subvertical Transcarpathian fault. The crust structure of the Pannonian segment is interpreted to be a pile of thick- and thin-skinned basement nappes of the Tisza terrain and cover nappes with superimposed younger extensional structures.
High-reflectivity and low-velocity zone at depths of 10­—20 km is identified. The zone follows the pattern of isotherms in the temperature range of 300—500°. On the deep seismic sounding (DSS) Chop—Velykiy Bychkiv profile, running along TD and crossing the PANCAKE line, two low-velocity zones were also distinguished. Published data on numerical and physical modeling, the deep well cores, as well as fault zones in natural outcrops suggest that the low-velocity zones have increased porosity, fracturing, and fluid saturation. Our results suggest a high hydrocarbon potential of the TD, associated with the low-velocity zones.
Properties of singular points in a special case of orthorhombic media
Authors: Roganov Yu.V. , Stovas A. , Roganov V.Yu. 
Published: May 2023

The position of singular lines for orthorhombic (ORT) media with fixed diagonal elements of the elasticity matrix cij, i=1…6 is studied under the condition that c11, c22, c33>c66>c44>c55. In this case, the off-diagonal coefficients of the elasticity matrix c12, c13, c23 are chosen so that some of the values of d12=c12+c66, d13=c13+c55, d23=c23+c44 are zero. For orthorhombic medium, where the only one of d12, d13, d23 is zero, contains only singular points in the planes of symmetry. If two or all three dij are zero, then the ORT medium contains singular lines and discrete singular points. We call such media pathological. A degenerate ORT medium with positive d12, d13, d23 has at most two singular lines, which are the intersection of a quadratic cone with a sphere. The pathological media may have up to 6 singular lines on the surface of the slowness. Singular lines for pathological media are described by more complex equations than conventional degenerate ORT models. The article proposes to using squares x, y, z of the components of the slowness vector in the equations. In a new coordinate system, equations defining singular lines for pathological media become linear or quadratic. Intersecting with the plane x+y+z =1, they define the straight lines, ellipses, or hyperbolas. If non-zero values d12, d13, d23 increase, the singular lines pass through four fixed points on the plane x+y+z =1, which makes it possible to describe the evolution of their change. Conditions are derived under which the singular curves of pathological ORT models are limiting the singular curves for degenerate ORT models with positive values of d12, d13, d23. Formulas are derived for transforming surfaces of slowness and singular lines of pathological media into the region of group velocities. The results are demonstrated with examples of pathological models obtained from the standard model of the ORT medium by changing the elasticity coefficients c12, c13, c23 so that some of the values d12, d13, d23 are zero
Features of the processes of convection and water intrusion at the boundary of the hydrogen sulfide contamination layer in the Black Sea in the climatic period 1991—2020
Authors: Belevich R.R. , Andrianova O.R. , Batyrev O.A. , Skipa M.I. 
Published: May 2023

The comparison of modern hydrophysical conditions in the Black Sea with the previously analyzed period of 1903—1982 was carried out based on the materials of the recently created (1991—2020) climate array of average monthly thermohaline characteristics of waters. The dynamic of processes in the upper 150-meter layer (halocline) of the Black Sea was evaluated based on the analysis of climatic materials on the vertical distribution of the depth of the maximum water salinity gradient, which is interpreted as the upper boundary of the hydrogen sulfide layer in the Black Sea. The comparison of state and seasonal fluctuations of this characteristic during the analysis of average monthly maps was carried out by their averaging. According to modern data(1991—2020), in the open part of the sea, a more intense intrusion of these waters up to a horizon of 40 m was found, as well as single cases of natural release of hydrogen sulfide from the depth to the surface. There is a clearly pronounced semi-annual cyclicity in temporal variability; however, in the modern period, the shift was for the whole season: in 1903—1982, the convection (the downwelling of these waters) occurred during autumn-winter, and intrusion (upwelling) — during spring-summer; in 1991—2020 according to the same climatic data, convection occurs during winter-spring, and intrusion occurs during summer-autumn, with the maximum depth of occurrence during the period of winter-spring convection and the minimum during the period of summer-autumn water intrusion. The axes of the northern and southern convergence zones laying near the corresponding coasts of the sea, and the axis of the zone of central divergence is close to open areas in its middle part. By these axes, the differences in the depth of occurrence between the period of convection and intrusion in the northern and southern convergence zones were 21.5 and 17.5 m, respectively; for the central divergence zone, it was 7.5 m.
Results of geophysical research on the Zmiyinyy island
Authors: Svistun V.C. , Pigulevskiy P.I. 
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of geophysical observations by the Dnepropetrovsk geophysical expedition «Dneprogeofizika» on Zmiyinyy Island, which performed a full cycle of work from prospecting and surveying studies to providing the island with drinking water.
In structural and tectonic conditions, the island is considered as the Zmiyinyy insular block of the Danubian horst megablock. The geodynamics of the region is determined by the position and inclination of the collision sutures within the zone of interaction between the Eurasian and African lithospheric plates. Comprehensive geological and geophysical studies included magnetic prospecting, gravity prospecting and electric sounding (Dipole-axial sounding induced polarization DAS-IP) with geological routes along all rock outcrops on the Zmiyinyy island. Detailed integrated geophysical studies were: gravimetric observations over a network of 20×10 m, magnetometric — 10×5 m and electrometric (DAS-IP) — 40×5 m. For the first time on the island, gravimetric stations were set up, which will later become a support for gravimetric surveys. According to the results of magnetic field survey and DAZ-OP electrical exploration observations, an anomalous area was identified, which is perspective for archaeological research. Based on a comprehensive interpretation of geological and geophysical materials, a well was drilled to a depth of 120 m, which confirmed the constructed predictive stratigraphic section of about. Zmiyinyy. Based on the results of the search for sources of drinking water, three wells were drilled, with a fresh water flow rate of up to 10 m3 per day (each). Subsequently, fresh water with minor purification is used as drinking water.
60-72 aylık çocukların dil gelişimleri, temel matematiksel akıl yürütme becerileri ve görsel algı düzeylerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Küçükkelepçe Aziz , Köksal Akyol Aysel 
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışma, 60-72 ay arasındaki çocukların dil gelişimi, temel matematiksel akıl yürütme becerileri ve görsel algı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelenmek amacıyla planlanan ilişkisel tarama modelinde betimsel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 60-72 ay aralığındaki 54 kız 49 erkek olmak üzere 103 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Veriler "Genel Bilgi Formu", "“Erken Dil Gelişimi Testi Üçüncü Versiyonu - TEDİL-3", " Erken Matematiksel Akıl Yürütme Becerileri Değerlendirme Aracı " ve " Frostig Görsel Algı Testi " kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, algılama sabitliği ve mekânla konumun algılanmasının çocukların cinsiyetine göre farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca çocukların dil gelişimi, matematiksel akıl yürütme becerileri ile görsel algıları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur.