bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Large Area All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Fabricated by Slot‐Die Coating with Nonhalogen Solvent
Authors: Liu Yanan , Zhang Jianqi , Tian Chenyang , Shen Yifan , Wang Tong , Zhang Hao , He Chang , Qiu Dingding , Shi Yanan , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) requires the use of roll‐to‐roll coating technology. However, it is generally believed that all‐small‐molecule (ASM) systems cannot form high‐quality films in most film‐fabrication technologies except for spin coating, mainly due to their strong crystallinity and low solution viscosity. Herein, it is found that the small molecule donor and acceptor system with strong intermolecular interaction can weaken the molecular self‐aggregation during film formation. As a result, all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) are successfully fabricated using the green solvent tetrahydrofuran via spin coating as well as slot‐die coating technology. Under the optimal conditions, the devices achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.05% and 13.41% prepared by spin coating and slot‐die coating, respectively. Moreover, a large‐area device with an area of 1 cm2 achieve a PCE of 10.65% by slot‐die coating. The study of the device performance and the active layer morphology reveal a unique film optimization mechanism in ASM‐OSCs. In the slot‐die coating process, a high‐quality film is formed due to the significantly suppressed crystallinity of the small molecule donor; with further thermal annealing, the crystallization‐induced phase separation enables an optimized morphology. This study proves that high‐performance ASM‐OSCs can be fabricated by the industrial‐compatible method.
Spontaneous Hybrid Nano‐Domain Behavior of the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Tuo Ping , Li Lei , Wang Xiaoxu , Chen Jianhui , Zhong Zhicheng , Xu Bo , Dai Fu‐Zhi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn hybrid perovskites, the organic molecules and inorganic frameworks exhibit distinct static and dynamic characteristics. Their coupling will lead to fascinating phenomena, such as large polarons, dynamic Rashba–Dresselhaus effects, etc. In this paper, deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) is employed, a large‐scale MD simulation scheme with DFT accuracy, to study hybrid perovskites formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) and methylamonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). A spontaneous hybrid nano‐domain behavior, namely multiple molecular rotation nano‐domains embedded into a single [PbI6]4− octahedra rotation domain, is first discovered at low temperatures. The behavior originates from the interplay between the long range order of molecular rotation and local lattice deformation, and clarifies the puzzling structural features of FAPbI3 at low temperatures. The work provides new insights into the structural characteristics and stability of hybrid perovskite, as well as new ideas for the structural characterization of organic–inorganic coupled systems.
A Robust and Adhesive Hydrogel Enables Interfacial Coupling for Continuous Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Hao Sanwei , Dai Rengang , Fu Qingjin , Wang Yicong , Zhang Xinrui , li Hu , liu Xidie , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContinuous temperature monitoring by flexible hydrogel‐based electronics achieves rapid advances, overcoming the drawbacks of rigid and unportable thermocouples. However, an open question is whether and how the thermosensitive hydrogel designing can prevent mechanical mismatching between devices and skin‐tissues and reduces interfacial failure. Herein, a versatile hydrogel‐based thermistor epidermal sensor (HTES) paradigm is engineered consisting of thermosensitive and self‐adhesive function layer (PEST) in tandem with a surface spraying Ag interdigital electrode. Leveraging the advantage of catechol chemistry inspired tannic acid‐coated cellulose nanocrystals, the resultant PEST achieves the adhesion‐cohesion equilibrium along with superior thermosensitivity. The assembled HTES thereby yields unprecedented features of superior thermosensitivity (TCR = 1.43% °C−1), exceptional mechanical integrity (hammering 200 cycles, current variation <9%), impressive interfacial compatibility (adhesion strength, 25 kPa), and environmental stability (thermosensation retention of 98% over 5 days). By in‐situ microstructure observation, the unique geometrical synchronization of HTES with arbitrary curvilinear surfaces (e.g., sphere, cone, and saddle) stemming from elastic dissipation and discrete rupture of the adhesive fibrillar bridges is validated, affording competitive advantages than that of the state‐of‐the‐art thermistor electronics for alleviating the interfacial deterioration, which dramatically inspires advanced HTES design strategies and paves the way for commercialization of attachable thermistor electronics.
Growing Structure Based on Viscous Actuation of Constrained Multistable Elements
Authors: Ben Abu Ezra , Veksler Yaron , Elbaz Shai , Zigelman Anna , Gat Amir D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrowing soft materials which follow a three dimensional (3D) path in space are critical to applications such as search and rescue and minimally invasive surgery. Herein, a concept for a single‐input growing multi‐stable soft material, based on a constrained straw‐like structure is presented. This class of materials are capable of maneuvering and transforming their configuration by elongation while executing multiple turns. This is achieved by sequenced actuation of bi‐stable frusta with predefined constraints. Internal viscous flow and variations in the stability threshold of the individual cells enable sequencing and control of the robot's movement so as to follow a desired 3D path as the structure grows. A theoretical description of the shape and dynamics resulting from a particular set of constraints is derived. To validate the model and demonstrate the suggested concept, experiments of maneuvering in models of residential and biological environments are presented. In addition to performing complex 3D maneuvers, the tubular structure of these robots may also be used as a conduit to reach inaccessible regions, which is demonstrated experimentally.
Magnetic Bucket Brigade Transport Networks for Cell Transport
Authors: Block Findan , Klingbeil Finn , Sajjad Umer , Arndt Christine , Sindt Sandra , Seidler Dennis , Thormählen Lars , Selhuber‐Unkel Christine , McCord Jeffrey 
Published: April 2023

AbstractControlled transport of biological cells in biomedical applications such as sorting, cell sequencing, and assembly of multicellular structures is a technological challenge. Research areas such as drug delivery or tissue engineering can benefit from precise cell location resulting in faster response rates or more complex tissue structures. Using computational methods, different soft magnetic elements with curved edges are designed to form a transport network, enabling transport and all functionalities for the manipulation of microbeads and cells on surfaces by rotational magnetic fields. Building blocks with bimodal functionalities due to segments of differently curved edges permit breakpoints as well as switchable transport via splitting and combining elements. Connecting the elements, networked paths are realized which allow variable movement patterns of magnetic carriers and cells. The direction of magnetic field rotation is altered to direct the beads and cells into different transport lines, and the exact timing is not critical. The networks are used to achieve deterministic movement of microbeads and cells with minimal intervention. Programmed transport over one millimeter with cell transport velocities of several micrometers per s is demonstrated. Based on scalable microchip technology, the networks can be integrated with CMOS‐compatible materials and straightforwardly combined with sensing and diagnostic structures.
Three‐Output Naked‐Eye High Temperature Organic Film Threshold Thermometers Based on Non‐Invasive Chemical Reaction
Authors: Zhan Yanhui , Qin Xiaoyu , Wang Kuan , Zhang Yong , Song Juan , Qian Yan , Fan Quli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh‐contrast and stably visualized ambient or luminescent color‐switching can be achieved by thermal‐induced non‐invasive chemical reaction for naked‐eye threshold temperature indication. The clear and visible output signal of these indicators arises from the large absorption/emission spectral changes upon heating. However, such chemical reactions are difficult to realize in solid‐state, especially in the high‐temperature region. Herein, a series of naked‐eye high‐temperature threshold film indicators have been developed based on the solid‐state in situ thermal decomposition reaction of difluoroboron β‐diketonate derivative. These thermosensitive films feature three high‐contrast visible outputs of ambient thermochromism, fluorescence color change, and luminescence ON/OFF switching, which can be easily detected with the naked eye. The PR‐PS film of (E)‐4‐(2‐(6‐bromopyren‐1‐yl)vinyl)‐2,2‐difluoro‐6‐phenyl‐2H‐1λ3,3,2λ4‐dioxaborinine (PR) doped in polystyrene (PS) polymer matrix achieved high sensitivities related to change of ratiometric luminescence and fluorescence intensity up to 230%°C−1 and 1.85%°C−1, respectively. Furthermore, the polymer matrix with different glass transition temperatures enables programmable tuning of threshold temperature from 120 to 180 °C. These thermosensitive films show clear and high‐contrast color changes and emission turn‐off in real‐time with consistent air stability, high photostability, and waterproofing property. This shows considerable potential in outdoor robust high‐temperature threshold sensing and information storage.
Biomimetic Aerogel with Aligned Porous Structures from Ice Templating for Water Evaporation‐Induced Electricity Generation
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Cui Peng , Wang Jingjing , Ge Ying , Meng Huan , Feng Can , Liu Huimin , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWater evaporation is a ubiquitous natural process for collecting thermal energy from the environment. Carbon nanomaterial‐based aerogels are good candidates for use as hydroelectric generators (HEGs), permitting substantial interaction with water through electronic coupling, and have been considered for application in evaporation‐induced electricity generation. However, the water transport and electricity generation ability of the aerogels are affected by their pore structures. Inspired by the directional transport of the water vessel elements of the xylem, a biomimetic partially reduced graphene oxide aerogel (prGO) with an aligned porous structure is prepared, assisted by directional ice templating. The as‐prepared prGO aerogel presents a high capillary water transport rate and can efficiently transport water to the top, which is the basis for efficient current generation. This biomimetic prGO is scalable, providing an avenue for assembling other low‐dimensional carbon materials into high current output HEGs.
A Renewable and Antibacterial Solar Evaporator for Efficient Seawater Desalination: Performance Analysis and Empirical Formula
Authors: Jin Rongyu , Guo Pu , Wang Xuan , Heng Liping , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInterfacial solar evaporation has been considered as a compromising way to alleviate water shortage. However, when applied in real sea water environment, the undissolved salt accumulation and bacteria adhesion will cause blockage and fouling problem of the evaporator, and deteriorate its evaporation performance. Herein, a solar evaporator based on hollow cylinder‐shaped photocatalytic modified ceramic with renewability and antibacterial activity is fabricated for efficient seawater desalination. This evaporator can reach an evaporation rate of 3.43 kg m−2 h−1 in the normal environment (1 sun irradiation, 50% ambient relative humidity and 0 m s−1 convective airflow) and also can reach a rate of 28.9 kg m−2 h−1 in the controlled environment (1 sun irradiation, 10% ambient relative humidity and 5 m s−1 convective airflow) due to the sufficient effective evaporation area and timely vapor diffusion. Meanwhile, after long‐term desalination of real seawater, the blocked evaporators can be regenerated by acid treatment. The evaporator also shows 91.7% antibacterial ratio due to photocatalytic modification. In the field environment, the array evaporator shows a good evaporation performance of 54.5 kg m−2 for continuous 10 h. Finally, the empirical formula is obtained to quantitatively analyze the environmental factors and predict the evaporation rate in practical application.
HIPK1 Inhibition Protects against Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting the CREB‐C/EBPβ Axis
Authors: Bei Yihua , Zhu Yujiao , Wei Meng , Yin Mingming , Li Lin , Chen Chen , Huang Zhenzhen , Liang Xuchun , Gao Juan , Yao Jianhua , van der Kraak Petra H. , Vink Aryan , Lei Zhiyong , Dai Yuxiang , Chen Huihua , Liang Yueyang , Sluijter Joost PG , Xiao Junjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInhibition of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is recognized as an important therapeutic strategy for heart failure, although effective targets are still lacking in clinical practice. Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that can respond to different stress signals, however, whether and how HIPK1 regulates myocardial function is not reported. Here, it is observed that HIPK1 is increased during pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Both genetic ablation and gene therapy targeting HIPK1 are protective against pathological hypertrophy and heart failure in vivo. Hypertrophic stress‐induced HIPK1 is present in the nucleus of cardiomyocytes, while HIPK1 inhibition prevents phenylephrine‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through inhibiting cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation at Ser271 and inactivating CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBPβ)‐mediated transcription of pathological response genes. Inhibition of HIPK1 and CREB forms a synergistic pathway in preventing pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, HIPK1 inhibition may serve as a promising novel therapeutic strategy to attenuate pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Multiresponsive Cylindrically Symmetric Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers Templated by Tubular Confinement
Authors: Geng Yong , Lagerwall Jan P.F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCylindrically symmetric cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE) fibers templated by tubular confinement are reported, displaying mechanochromic, thermochromic, and thermomechanical responses. The synthesis inside a sacrificial tube secures radial orientation of the cholesteric helix, and the ground state retroreflection wavelength is easily tuned throughout the visible spectrum or into the near‐infrared by varying the concentration of a chiral dopant. The fibers display continuous, repeatable, and quantitatively predictable mechanochromic response, reaching a blue shift of more than −220 nm for 180% elongation. The cylindrical symmetry renders the response identical in all directions perpendicular to the fiber axis, making them exceptionally useful for monitoring complex strains, as demonstrated in revealing local strain during tying of different knots. The CLCE reflection color can be revealed with high contrast against any background by taking advantage of the circularly polarized reflection. Upon heating, the fibers respond—fully reversibly—with red shift and radial expansion/axial contraction. However, there is no transition to an isotropic state, confirming a largely forgotten theoretical prediction by de Gennes. These fibers and the easy way of making them may open new windows for large‐scale application in advanced wearable technology and beyond.
Why don't low‐income households purchase fruits and vegetables? Findings from African American communities in Nashville metro areas of Tennessee
Authors: Khanal Aditya R. , Adhikari Sudip , Tegegne Fisseha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLow‐income households and minority communities in the US are considered highly vulnerable to diet‐and nutrition‐related adverse health effects. Households' food‐related decisions may entail real or perceived tradeoffs among price, preference, access and availability, and other factors. We use a sample of low‐income households, mostly from African American communities, from the Nashville metropolitan area of Tennessee to assess fruit and vegetable purchasing behavior. We found that the vast majority of household shops for fruits and vegetables (F&Vs) less than two to three times per month. Using probit and nested logit models, we analyzed purchase decisions and investigated reasons and factors determining “not to buy” F&Vs by low‐income households.
Assembling aggregation‐induced emission with natural DNA to maximize donor/acceptor ratio for efficient light‐harvesting antennae
Authors: Tang Xiaofang , Zhu Yaping , Guan Weijiang , Lu Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArranging dense donors around a single acceptor for the assembly of efficient light‐harvesting antennas is a long‐standing challenge due to the intractable aggregation‐caused quenching of dense donors. Herein, we designed a cationic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) amphiphile to self‐assemble with natural DNA duplexes. As an efficient donor, the as‐prepared cationic AIE amphiphile could be densely attached to the phosphate groups of natural DNA duplexes by using the smaller cationic trimethylammonium. The long alkyl chain between the cationic trimethylammonium and the AIE fluorophore allowed for avoiding the insufficient binding caused by the steric hindrance of the AIE fluorophore, resulting in a remarkably high donor/acceptor ratio comparable to that of the widely developed custom DNA assemblies. The proposed self‐assembly strategy provided novel flexible avenues for the assembling of finely controlled and efficient light‐harvesting systems into natural DNA with little synthetic modifications and low cost.
Multi‐Channel Lanthanide Nanocomposites for Customized Synergistic Treatment of Orthotopic Multi‐Tumor Cases
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Zhu Xingjun , Wei Zheng , Wu Kefan , Zhang Junfang , Mutti Francesco G. , Zhang Hong , Loeffler Felix F. , Zhou Jing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSimultaneous photothermal ablation of multiple tumors is limited by unpredictable photo‐induced apoptosis, caused by individual intratumoral differences. Here, a multi‐channel lanthanide nanocomposite was used to achieve tailored synergistic treatment of multiple subcutaneous orthotopic tumors under non‐uniform whole‐body infrared irradiation prescription. The nanocomposite reduces intratumoral glutathione by simultaneously activating the fluorescence and photothermal channels. The fluorescence provides individual information on different tumors, allowing customized prescriptions to be made. This enables optimal induction of hyperthermia and dosage of chemo drugs, to ensure treatment efficacy, while avoiding overtherapy. With an accessional therapeutic laser system, customized synergistic treatment of subcutaneous orthotopic cancer cases with multiple tumors is possible with both high efficacy and minimized side effects.
A Single‐Scan Ultraselective Heteronuclear Polarization Transfer Method for Unambiguous Complex Structure Assignment
Authors: Cha Jin Wook , Kim Min‐Seon , Park Jin‐Soo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComplex nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of organic compounds containing multiple analogous substructures or mixtures pose a significant challenge to structural identification, thus resulting in frequent misassignment of structures. The GEMSTONE method, a single‐scan technique that selectively excites a specific proton signal among the crowded NMR signals, was recently proposed as a solution. However, its extension to the polarization transfer method for heteronuclear spin systems was unsuccessful. Herein, we present an extension method that addresses the altered heteronuclear polarization transfer efficiency and enables the acquisition of ultraselective 13C and 1H‐13C correlation NMR subspectra with hertz‐level signal selectivity in both dimensions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in the structural analysis of a chromopeptide pharmaceutical and a diastereomeric mixture of a fungicide.
Stiba‐, Arsa‐ and Phosphastannenes: Syntheses and Reactivities
Authors: Zweigart Magda , Wenzel Clemens , Eichele Klaus , Schubert Hartmut , Wesemann Lars 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA facile synthesis for unprecedented stibastannene (10) featuring a Sn=Sb‐double bond together with the homologous arsa‐ (9) and phosphastannenes (8) is presented. Chloride abstraction from respective stannyl pnictinidenes [E=P (5), As (6), Sb (7)], which were made accessible by reduction of ECl3 addition products at an intramolecular phosphine‐stabilized stannylene, gave the pnictastannenes in moderate yields. The pnictastannenes coordinate Pd(PPh3)2 fragments (12–14) and the phosphastannene forms also a nickel coordination compound with the Ni(PPh3)2‐fragment (11). 2,3‐Dimethylbutadiene shows a [2+4]‐cycloaddition (15–17) in reaction with the pnictastannenes (8–10). Products of a [2+2]‐addition (18, 19) were isolated as the phosphaalkyne reaction products for 8 and 9. Addition of an O−H bond at the Sn=P‐bond was found in reaction of water with phosphastannene 8. Reaction with ammonia afforded the NH3‐adducts (21–23) at the tin atom for pnictastannenes 8–10. Only in the case of the arsastannene an azide reaction product featuring a three membered Sn−As−N‐ring was obtained.
Quadruple H‐Bonding and Polyrotaxanes Dual Cross‐linking Supramolecular Elastomer for High Toughness and Self‐healing Conductors
Authors: Jin Qi , Du Ruichun , Tang Hao , Zhao Yan , Peng Wansu , Li Yanyan , Zhang Jing , Zhu Tangsong , Huang Xinxin , Kong Deshuo , He Yucheng , Bao Tianwei , Kong Desheng , Wang Xiaoliang , Wang Rong , Zhang Qiuhong , Jia Xudong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTough and self‐healable substrates can enable stretchable electronics long service life. However, for substrates, it still remains a challenge to achieve both high toughness and autonomous self‐healing ability at room temperature. Herein, a strategy by using the combined effects between quadruple H‐bonding and slidable cross‐links is proposed to solve the above issues in the elastomer. The elastomer exhibits high toughness (77.3 MJ m−3), fracture energy (≈127.2 kJ m−2), and good healing efficiency (91 %) at room temperature. The superior performance is ascribed to the inter and intra crosslinking structures of quadruple H‐bonding and polyrotaxanes in the dual crosslinking system. Strain‐induced crystallization of PEG in polyrotaxanes also contributes to the high fracture energy of the elastomers. Furthermore, based on the dual cross‐linked supramolecular elastomer, a highly stretchable and self‐healable electrode containing liquid metal is also fabricated, retaining resistance stability (0.16–0.26 Ω) even at the strain of 1600 %.