bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2: how often arede novomutations transmitted?
Authors: Korosec Chapin S. , Wahl Lindi M. , Heffernan Jane M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite a relatively low mutation rate, the large number of SARS-CoV-2 infections has allowed for substantial genetic change, leading to a multitude of emerging variants. Using a recently determined mutation rate (per site replication), as well as parameter estimates for within-host SARS-CoV-2 infection, we apply a stochastic transmission-bottleneck model to describe the survival probability ofde novoSARS-CoV-2 mutations. For narrow bottlenecks, we find mutations affecting pertarget-cell attachment rate (with phenotypes associated with fusogenicity and ACE2 binding), have similar transmission probabilities to mutations affecting viral load clearance (with phenotypes associated with humoral evasion). We further find that mutations affecting the eclipse rate (with phenotypes associated with reorganization of cellular metabolic processes and synthesis of viral budding precursor material) are highly favoured relative to all other traits examined. We find mutations leading to reduced removal rates of infected cells (with phenotypes associated with innate immune evasion) have limited transmission advantage relative to mutations leading to humoral evasion. Predicted transmission probabilities, however, for mutations affecting innate immune evasion are more consistent with the range of clinically-estimated household transmission probabilities forde novomutations. This result suggests that although mutations affecting humoral evasion are more easily transmitted when they occur, mutations affecting innate immune evasion may occur more readily. We examine our predictions in the context of a number of previously characterized mutations in circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. Our work offers both a null model for SARS-CoV-2 substitution rates and predicts which aspects of viral life history are most likely to successfully evolve, despite low mutation rates and repeated transmission bottlenecks.
5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptor antagonism differentially modulates reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility: behavioral and computational evidence
Authors: Hervig Mona El-Sayed , Zühlsdorff Katharina , Olesen Sarah F. , Phillips Benjamin , Božič Tadej , Dalley Jeffrey W. , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Alsiö Johan , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTCognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt behavior in response to a changing environment, is disrupted in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence suggests that flexibility, which can be operationalized using reversal learning tasks, is modulated by serotonergic transmission. However, how exactly flexible behavior and associated reinforcement learning (RL) processes are modulated by 5-HT action on specific receptors is unknown.We investigated the effects of 5-HT2Areceptor (5-HT2AR) and 5-HT2Creceptor (5-HT2CR) antagonism on cognitive flexibility and underlying RL mechanisms. Thirty-six male Lister hooded rats were trained on a touchscreen visual discrimination and reversal task. We evaluated the effects of systemic treatments with the 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR antagonists M100907 and SB-242084, respectively, on reversal learning performance and performance on probe trials where correct and incorrect stimuli were presented with a third, probabilistically rewarded, stimulus. Computational models were fitted to task choice data to extract RL parameters, including a novel model designed specifically for this task.5-HT2AR antagonism impaired reversal learning during certain phases. 5-HT2CR antagonism, on the other hand, impaired learning from positive feedback. RL models further differentiated these effects. 5-HT2AR antagonism decreased punishment learning rate at high and low doses. The low dose also increased exploration (beta) and increased stimulus and side stickiness (kappa). 5-HT2CR antagonism also increased beta, but reduced side stickiness.These data indicate that 5-HT2Aand 5-HT2CRs both modulate different aspects of flexibility, with 5-HT2ARs modulating learning from negative feedback and 5-HT2cRs for learning from positive feedback.
Heart-on-a-chip model of immune-induced cardiac dysfunction reveals the role of free mitochondrial DNA and therapeutic effects of endothelial exosomes
Authors: Lu Rick Xing Ze , Rafatian Naimeh , Zhao Yimu , Wagner Karl T. , Beroncal Erika L. , Li Bo , Lee Carol , Chen Jingan , Churcher Eryn , Vosoughi Daniel , Wang Ying , Baker Andrew , Trahtemberg Uriel , Li Bowen , Pierro Agostino , Andreazza Ana C. , dos Santos Claudia C. , Radisic Milica 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease continues to take more human lives than all cancer combined, prompting the need for improved research models and treatment options. Despite a significant progress in development of mature heart-on-a-chip models of fibrosis and cardiomyopathies starting from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), human cell-based models of myocardial inflammation are lacking. Here, we bioengineered a vascularized heart-on-a-chip system with circulating immune cells to model SARS-CoV-2-induced acute myocarditis. Briefly, we observed hallmarks of COVID-19-induced myocardial inflammation in the heart-on-a-chip model, as the presence of immune cells augmented the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, triggered progressive impairment of contractile function and altered intracellular calcium transient activities. An elevation of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) was measured first in thein vitroheart-on-a-chip model and then validated in COVID-19 patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), demonstrating that mitochondrial damage is an important pathophysiological hallmark of inflammation induced cardiac dysfunction. Leveraging this platform in the context of SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial inflammation, we established that administration of human umbilical vein-derived EVs effectively rescued the contractile deficit, normalized intracellular calcium handling, elevated the contraction force and reduced the ccf- mtDNA and chemokine release via TLR-NF-kB signaling axis.
Enterprise digital transformation under process constraints: investigation of the combinative effects of different constraints
Authors: Lei Hui , Tang Shiyi , Zan Ao 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study aims to empirically study the effect of process constraints and the combinative effects of different constraints on enterprise digital transformation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper selects the World Bank's business environment survey of Chinese enterprises in 2012 as the research sample to empirically study the effect of process constraints and different kinds of constraints on enterprise digital transformation.FindingsThe authors find that process constraints have an inverted U-shaped effect on enterprise digital transformation and that employee digital literacy plays an intermediary role in this process. That is, process constraints have a too-much-of-a-good-thing effect on employees' digital literacy, which further affects enterprise digital transformation. The increase in the number of input and output constraints will make the inverted U-shaped relationship between the process constraint and digital transformation steeper.Originality/valueThe constraints faced by enterprises are everywhere and of many kinds. This paper not only discusses the influence of process constraints on enterprise digital transformation but also analyzes the interactive influence of different kinds of constraints on enterprise digital transformation and explores its micromechanism. This approach is helpful for enterprise managers in thinking about how to make full use of different kinds of constraints to activate the power of enterprise digital transformation, regard constraints as challenges and opportunities, and use them to stimulate the ability to improve the resource integration and utilization.
Restaurant menus and COVID-19: implications for technology adoption in the post-pandemic era
Authors: Iskender Ali , Sirakaya-Turk Ercan , Cardenas David 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to systematically explore the experiences of restaurant patrons with quick response (QR) code menus during the pandemic to extract insights pertaining to the acceptance of technology adoption in service settings for the post-COVID era.

Design/methodology/approach
COVID-19 has enormously impacted consumer perceptions toward technology adoption in restaurants. Identifying these impacts requires qualitative inquiries because qualitative techniques, unlike quantitative methods, enable researchers to seek insights into the phenomenon without a predetermined stance. This study applied a qualitative research method. The qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews and a focus group. Thematic analysis was conducted.

Findings
This study identified perceived attributes of QR code technology by patrons: positive attributes such as easy to learn, quick and contactless; and negative attributes such as effortful and reliance on a smartphone. Also, the results distinguished perceived advantages of utilization of QR codes as restaurants’ menu: advantages such as hygienic, environmentally friendly due to no printing and contactless; and disadvantages such as poor menu design and lack of interaction.

Practical implications
This research presents patrons’ views on QR code menu utilization at restaurants under the pandemic conditions. Contradictory responses on the same features of technology reveal a lack of menu design in the utilization of QR codes. Restaurant practitioners can extract insights about how to better use technology like QR codes, cost-effective and environmentally friendly, in their operations in the postpandemic era.

Originality/value
This study included both deductive and inductive approaches. An inductive approach that progressed from theory to data was applied while forming interview questions. A deductive approach was used to inform theory with the findings of the data. The value of research derives from differentiating technology attributes (QR codes) and utilization domain (restaurant menu) in the realm of acceptance of technology in the consumer context.
Evaluating magnetic fields using deep learning
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mushfiqur , Khan Arbaaz , Lowther David , Giannacopoulos Dennis 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop surrogate models, using deep learning (DL), that can facilitate the application of EM analysis software. In the current status quo, electrical systems can be found in an ever-increasing range of products that are part of everyone’s daily live. With the advances in technology, industries such as the automotive, communications and medical devices have been disrupted with new electrical and electronic systems. The innovation and development of such systems with increasing complexity over time has been supported by the increased use of electromagnetic (EM) analysis software. Such software enables engineers to virtually design, analyze and optimize EM systems without the need for building physical prototypes, thus helping to shorten the development cycles and consequently cut costs.

Design/methodology/approach
The industry standard for simulating EM problems is using either the finite difference method or the finite element method (FEM). Optimization of the design process using such methods requires significant computational resources and time. With the emergence of artificial intelligence, along with specialized tools for automatic differentiation, the use of DL has become computationally much more efficient and cheaper. These advances in machine learning have ushered in a new era in EM simulations where engineers can compute results much faster while maintaining a certain level of accuracy.

Findings
This paper proposed two different models that can compute the magnetic field distribution in EM systems. The first model is based on a recurrent neural network, which is trained through a data-driven supervised learning method. The second model is an extension to the first with the incorporation of additional physics-based information to the authors’ model. Such a DL model, which is constrained by the laws of physics, is known as a physics-informed neural network. The solutions when compared with the ground truth, computed using FEM, show promising accuracy for the authors’ DL models while reducing the computation time and resources required, as compared to previous implementations in the literature.

Originality/value
The paper proposes a neural network architecture and is trained with two different learning methodologies, namely, supervised and physics-based. The working of the network along with the different learning methodologies is validated over several EM problems with varying levels of complexity. Furthermore, a comparative study is performed regarding performance accuracy and computational cost to establish the efficacy of different architectures and learning methodologies.
Value co-creation via machine learning from a configuration theory perspective
Authors: Presti Claudia , De Santis Federica , Bernini Francesca 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to propose an interpretive framework to understand how machine learning (ML) affects the way companies interact with their ecosystem and how the introduction of digital technologies affects the value co-creation (VCC) process.Design/methodology/approachThis study bases on configuration theory, which entails two main methodological phases. In the first phase the authors define the theoretically-derived interpretive framework through a literature review. In the second phase the authors adopt a case study methodology to inductively analyze the theoretically-derived domains and their relationships within a configuration.FindingsML enables multi-directional knowledge flows among value co-creators and expands the scope of VCC beyond the boundaries of the firm-client relationship. However, it determines a substantive imbalance in knowledge management power among the actors involved in VCC. ML positively impacts value co-creators’ performance but also requires significant organizational changes. To benefit from VCC via ML, value co-creators must be aligned in terms of digital maturity.Originality/valueThe paper answers the call for more theoretical and empirical research on the impact of the introduction of Industry 4.0 technology in companies and their ecosystem. It intends to improve the understanding of how ML technology affects the determinants and the process of VCC by providing both a static and dynamic analysis of the topic.
Manifestations of leadership identity development among multicultural higher education students
Authors: Ramamoorthi Bhavani , Jäppinen Aini-Kristiina , Taajamo Matti 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine how leadership identity manifests at the individual and collective levels within a relational training context among a group of multicultural higher education students.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a case study and examines the interactions among eight multicultural students through the theoretical lens of leadership identity development (LID) theory.

Findings
The main findings of this study suggest that LID manifests through an open will and intensifying motivation to the collective impulse of achieving shared goals through nurturing the collective cognition to integrate diverse perspectives and a broadening view of leadership as a collective capacity for co-creation and generativity.

Research limitations/implications
Although the paper builds on a case study with a limited number of participants and the ability to generalise its findings is partial, the study may provide practical applications for training leadership in other collaborative contexts and supporting it at the individual and collective levels.

Originality/value
The LID theory and LID model have been applied simultaneously to a training lab to examine how LID manifests among a multicultural group of higher education students. The lab emphasises a participatory leadership-oriented pedagogy.
Do employees’ perceptions of diversity management enhance firm’s financial performance: the moderating role of board members’ diversity level
Authors: Lim Juhwan , Vaughan Yue , Jang Jichul 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The hospitality industry has one of the most diversified workforces. This study aims to examine the effect of employees’ perceptions toward diversity management on the company’s financial performance. The current study also examines the moderating effect of board members’ diversity level on the association between employees’ perceptions and financial outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
From online reviews, the authors identified multi-faucets of diversity management and measured employees’ perceptions of diversity management. Using panel data analysis, the relationships among employees’ perceptions, board members’ diversity level and companies’ financial performance were studied.

Findings
This study found that employees’ perceptions of diversity management positively influence the company’s financial performance and the relationship was positively moderated by board members’ diversity level.

Practical implications
Findings show that hospitality employees perceive nine diversity and inclusion categories (age, organizational climate, culture, disability, education, gender, physical differences, policy and practice and race) that companies need to consider when developing and implementing diversity management. Moreover, practitioners need to eliminate the gap between board members and employees when applying diversity management.

Originality/value
Drawing upon service–profit chain theory, this study extends hospitality literature regarding diversity management by demonstrating how employees perceive working environments created by diversity management affects the organizational financial outcome. Moreover, this study emphasizes the exemplary role of board members as policy and practice makers, to provide employees with the legitimacy and responsibilities of diversity management.
How CEO responsible leadership shapes corporate social responsibility and organization performance: the roles of organizational climates and CEO founder status
Authors: Wang Zhao , Ye Yijiao , Liu Xuefeng 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate how chief executive officer (CEO) responsible leadership impacts corporate social responsibility (CSR) and organization performance by considering diverse organizational climates (including ethical, service and initiative climates) as mediators and CEO founder status as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzed survey data from 212 service organizations in China with structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results clearly established that CEO responsible leadership played a crucial role in augmenting both CSR and organization performance by shaping positive organizational climates. Notably, CEO responsible leadership significantly fostered ethical, service and initiative climates. Furthermore, an ethical climate promoted CSR and organization performance, whereas service and initiative climates specifically enhanced organization performance. Additionally, responsible CEOs with founder status exhibited a higher propensity for enhancing ethical, service and initiative climates within service organizations.

Practical implications
Service organizations should take measures to build CEO responsible leadership, especially for CEOs with founder status. Furthermore, service organizations should motivate employees to reach consensus on ethical conducts, superior service and proactive approach to work.

Originality/value
First, the findings on CEO responsible leadership’s effects on CSR and organization performance extend the research on responsible leadership outcomes. Second, this paper adds to responsible leadership literature through exploring the mediating effects of ethical, service and initiative climates. Finally, the finding on the moderating role of founder CEOs offers a novel perspective regarding the boundary condition of the effects of CEO responsible leadership.
Social capital-based strategy of sustainable village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) development
Authors: Rahayu Murtanti Jani , Mukaromah Hakimatul , Mulyanto Mulyanto 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe Indonesian government's Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) initiative optimizes Village Resources (SDD)—human and natural—to improve rural communities' welfare. Villagers must participate in many ways. Due to its natural potential, industry, waste management and building management business units, BUMDes Waskito Wijaya in Waru village, Baki sub-district, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java has the potential to grow. Strengthening social capital helps BUMDes management become sustainable.Design/methodology/approachThe focus of this research is to find out what social capital characteristics that can improve the development of BUMDes Waskito Wijaya. Thus, this study uses a SWOT analysis to establish BUMDes by promoting village influencers, strong institutions, and internal and external social networks. Thus, strong bonding, linking and bridging will improve BUMDes' involvement in the village. This research describes the organization's internal and external situations and formulates the BUMDes development strategy empirically.FindingsThis study revealed that norms, trust, social networks and infrastructure positively impact BUMDes development. However, the social capital created is still in the bonding stage. While the linking and bridging stages are not yet sufficient to support a productive and prosperous BUMDes.Originality/valueThus, the developed strategy encourages the strong leadership spirit of the village influencers, creates aspirational and supportive institutions, and strengthens social networks both horizontally and vertically. Consequently, the linking and bridging that can actively engage in partnerships and build public trust will successfully be achieved. The condition will develop the capacity of BUMDes in providing facilities for the community.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-10-2022-0700