bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of an e-nose performance for the detection of COVID-19 specific biomarkers
Authors: Ghazaly Christelle , Biletska Krystyna , Thevenot Etienne A , Devillier Philippe , Naline Emmanuel , Grassin-Delyle Stanislas , Scorsone Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Early, rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is needed for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 mainly affects the respiratory tract and lungs. Therefore, analysis of exhaled breath could be an alternative scalable method for reliable SARS-CoV-2 screening. In the current study, an experimental protocol using an electronic-nose (‘e-nose’) for attempting to identify a specific respiratory imprint in COVID-19 patients was optimized. Thus the analytical performances of the Cyranose®, a commercial e-nose device, were characterized under various controlled conditions. In addition, the effect of various experimental conditions on its sensor array response was assessed, including relative humidity, sampling time and flow rate, aiming to select the optimal parameters. A statistical data analysis was applied to e-nose sensor response using common statistical analysis algorithms in an attempt to demonstrate the possibility to detect the presence of low concentrations of spiked acetone and nonanal in the breath samples of a healthy volunteer. Cyranose® reveals a possible detection of low concentrations of these two compounds, in particular of 25 ppm nonanal, a possible marker of SARS-CoV-2 in the breath.
Updating the British Geriatrics Society recommended undergraduate curriculum in geriatric medicine: a curriculum mapping and nominal group technique study
Authors: Pearson Grace M E , Winter Rebecca , Blundell Adrian , Masud Tahir , Gough Joanna , Gordon Adam L ,   BGS Undergraduate Curriculum Nominal Group, Pound Susan , Thompson Sanja , Christopher Gary , Hart Dominic , Sanders Julie , Jennings Jo , Watson Alice , Miller-Molloy Felix , Miles Esther , Mohammed Biju , Wilkinson Iain , Al-Jawad Muna , Vassallo Michael , Henderson Emily J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
medical education must adapt to meet the challenges and demands of an ageing population, ensuring that graduates are equipped to look after older patients with complex health and social care needs. Recommended curricula in geriatric medicine in the United Kingdom and Europe offer guidance for optimal undergraduate education in ageing. The UK version, written by the British Geriatrics Society (BGS), requires updating to take account of innovations in the specialty, changing guidance from the General Medical Council (GMC), and the need to support medical schools preparing for the introduction of the national Medical Licensing Assessment (MLA).

Methods
the BGS recommended curriculum was mapped to the most recent European curriculum (2014) and the MLA content map, to compare and contrast between current recommendations and nationally mandated guidance. These maps were used to guide discussion through a virtual Nominal Group Technique (NGT), including 21 expert stakeholders, to agree consensus on the updated BGS curriculum.

Results
the curriculum has been re-structured into seven sections, each with 1–2 overarching learning outcomes (LOs) that are expanded in multiple sub-LOs. Crucially, the curriculum now reflects the updated GMC/MLA requirements, having incorporated items flagged as missing in the mapping stages.

Conclusion
the combined mapping exercise and NGT have enabled appropriate alignment and benchmarking of the UK national curriculum. These recommendations will help to standardise and enhance teaching and learning around the care of older persons with complexity.
Workplace Bullying in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Chiou Paul Z , Mulder Lotte , Jia Yuane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe specific aims of the study are to explore the prevalence of workplace bullying and to understand the impact of bullying on individual wellness in order to facilitate the development of future organizational solutions to mitigate workplace incivility.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected via a web-based survey to gather exploratory demographic information and to assess the relationships between intensity of the exposure to the negative acts with laboratory productivity. Associations between laboratories offering resources to employees and their impacts on productivity and professional job fulfillment were also explored.ResultsResults of the survey showed that over two-thirds of laboratorians (68.56%) were classified as victims of workplace bullying, and the perpetrator is most likely a peer of the victim (55.3%). The study revealed the intensity of workplace incivility was positively correlated with the number of sick days taken by the laboratory practitioner (F(2, 217) = 24.245, P &lt; .001). Facilities with a supportive work environment were also associated with a reduction in the number of sick mental days taken (P &lt; .001), a proxy for improved work and health outcomes.ConclusionsThe results of this study shed light on the prevalence of incivility at the workplace and offer evidence on the importance of providing a supportive work environment toward reducing workplace bullying.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With Two B-Cell Populations of Discordant Light Chain Restrictions in Individual Patients: Parallel Development of Biclonal B-Cell Neoplasms or Clonal Evolution With Isotype Switch?
Authors: Zhao Yue , Siddiqi Imran , Wildes Tyler J , McCracken Jenna , Deak Kristen , Rehder Catherine , Wang Endi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate clinicopathologic characteristics of biclonal chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).MethodsRetrospectively analyze clinical data and pathologic features.ResultsTen cases were identified in which flow cytometry demonstrated an abnormal B-cell population with a CLL-like immunophenotype but showed no definitive light chain restriction. All had cytogenetic abnormalities detected, including seven with two CLL-related abnormalities. Four of these showed features suggestive of clonal evolution, all having del(13q) as a “stem-line” abnormality and three showing del(11q) as a “side-line” abnormality. Five (50%) cases demonstrated deleterious NOTCH1 mutations, in contrast to 11.8% in a control group of monoclonal CLL (P &lt; .05). Of the 10 patients, 5 received treatment, with good/partial response in three cases and therapeutic resistance in one case. The median treatment-free survival was estimated at 68 months.ConclusionsDespite a polytypic pattern of light chain expression, the neoplastic nature of biclonal CLL is suggested by a characteristic CLL phenotype and can be confirmed by cytogenetic and genomic analyses. The two clones with discordant light chain isotypes may share a “stem-line” cytogenetic abnormality, suggesting possible clonal evolution. Biclonal CLL is associated with NOTCH1 mutations, which may occur in a small subclone and gradually evolve in clonal size. Genomic analysis on light chain–sorted and/or chronologically collected samples may provide insight into clonal evolution in CLL.
Comparing DRD2 Promoter Methylation Between Blood and Brain in Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Arfmann Wiebke , Achenbach Johannes , Meyer-Bockenkamp Fiona , Proskynitopoulos Phileas J , Groh Adrian , Muschler Marc A N , Glahn Alexander , Hagemeier Lars , Preuss Vanessa , Klintschar Michael , Frieling Helge , Rhein Mathias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is substantially involved in several forms of addiction. In addition to genetic polymorphisms, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as an important means of regulation. Previously, DRD2 hypo- and hyper-methylation have been observed in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Blood samples are commonly used as a surrogate marker of epigenetic alterations in epigenetic research, but few specific comparisons between blood and brain tissue samples in AUD exist.MethodsWe used post-mortem brain tissue samples of 17 deceased patients with AUD and 31 deceased controls to investigate the relationship between blood and brain methylation of the DRD2 promoter.ResultsWhen investigating individual cytosine methylation sites (CpG), several significant differences were found in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus in the study population. Investigating binding sites with significant differences in methylation levels revealed hypomethylated CpGs targeting mainly activating transcription factors.ConclusionThese findings support an altered transcription of the DRD2 gene in AUD specimens with a consecutively changed reward response in the brain. While methylation between specific brain regions and blood is comparable, our study further suggests that blood methylation cannot provide meaningful perspectives on DRD2 promoter methylation in the brain.
Leaf optical properties and photosynthesis of fern species with a wide range of divergence time in relation to mesophyll anatomy
Authors: Hanba Yuko T , Nishida Keisuke , Tsutsui Yuuri , Matsumoto Mayu , Yasui Yutarou , Sizhe Yang , Matsuura Takumi , Kawaguchi Akitsu Tomoko , Kume Atsushi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsFor a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of changing plant photosynthetic capacity during plant evolutionary history, knowledge of leaf gas exchange and optical properties are essential, both of which relate strongly to mesophyll anatomy. Although ferns are suitable for investigating the evolutionary history of photosynthetic capacity, comprehensive research of fern species has yet to be undertaken in this regard.MethodsWe investigated leaf optical properties, gas exchange and mesophyll anatomy of fern species with a wide range of divergence time, using 66 ferns from natural habitats and eight glasshouse-grown ferns. We used a spectroradiometer and an integrating sphere to measure light absorptance and reflectance by the leaves.Key ResultsThe more newly divergent fern species had a thicker mesophyll, a larger surface area of chloroplasts facing the intercellular airspaces (Sc), thicker cell walls and large light absorptance. Although no trend with divergence time was obtained in leaf photosynthetic capacity on a leaf-area basis, when the traits were expressed on a mesophyll-thickness basis, trends in leaf photosynthetic capacity became apparent. On a mesophyll-thickness basis, the more newly divergent species had a low maximum photosynthesis rate, accompanied by a low Sc.ConclusionsWe found a strong link between light capture, mesophyll anatomy and photosynthesis rate in fern species for the first time. The thick mesophyll of the more newly divergent ferns does not necessarily relate to the high photosynthetic capacity on a leaf-area basis. Rather, the thick mesophyll accompanied by thick cell walls allowed the ferns to adapt to a wider range of environments through increasing leaf toughness, which would contribute to the diversification of fern species.
Cooperation of local features and global representations by a dual-branch network for transcription factor binding sites prediction
Authors: Yu Yutong , Ding Pengju , Gao Hongli , Liu Guozhu , Zhang Fa , Yu Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInteractions between DNA and transcription factors (TFs) play an essential role in understanding transcriptional regulation mechanisms and gene expression. Due to the large accumulation of training data and low expense, deep learning methods have shown huge potential in determining the specificity of TFs-DNA interactions. Convolutional network-based and self-attention network-based methods have been proposed for transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) prediction. Convolutional operations are efficient to extract local features but easy to ignore global information, while self-attention mechanisms are expert in capturing long-distance dependencies but difficult to pay attention to local feature details. To discover comprehensive features for a given sequence as far as possible, we propose a Dual-branch model combining Self-Attention and Convolution, dubbed as DSAC, which fuses local features and global representations in an interactive way. In terms of features, convolution and self-attention contribute to feature extraction collaboratively, enhancing the representation learning. In terms of structure, a lightweight but efficient architecture of network is designed for the prediction, in particular, the dual-branch structure makes the convolution and the self-attention mechanism can be fully utilized to improve the predictive ability of our model. The experiment results on 165 ChIP-seq datasets show that DSAC obviously outperforms other five deep learning based methods and demonstrate that our model can effectively predict TFBSs based on sequence feature alone. The source code of DSAC is available at https://github.com/YuBinLab-QUST/DSAC/.
Glomerular diseases post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pathologic spectrum and plausible mechanisms
Authors: Caza Tiffany N , Jhaveri Kenar D 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Glomerular disease is an important complication in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), impacting approximately 1%–2% of all HSCT recipients and equating to 700–1400 cases per year worldwide. Development of kidney disease in HSCT recipients is often multifactorial and a kidney biopsy is required to identify the underlying disease etiology and pathology. While glomerular disease is an important toxicity following HSCT, there are few kidney biopsy studies examining this complication, with the majority being limited to small series and case reports. A range of glomerular diseases may occur in association with HSCT. The study by Yap et al. defines this disease spectrum, which includes (in descending order) thrombotic microangiopathy (38.7%), membranous nephropathy (25.8%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (12.9%), minimal change disease (9.7%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (9.7%) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (3.2%). In this editorial, we summarize the study and prior studies looking at glomerular diseases associated with HSCT.
History of creatinine clearance: tribute to a forerunner
Authors: Losito Attilio 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
It is known to few that the path to the discovery of the long-denied plasma creatinine and its clearance was long and difficult. For quite a long time, related controversies between different groups of researchers were widespread and heated. The scientists who have dealt with the related problems are among the most famous of the last century and some of them are part of the history of medicine. Giovanni Ferro-Luzzi, an Italian clinician, was one of these researchers. He was among the first to detect and dose plasma creatinine and the first ever to measure the clearance of endogenous creatinine (CrCl). Unfortunately, due to a series of unforeseeable events, he has been completely forgotten together with his undertakings. In this review we retrace the steps that led to the measurement of plasma creatinine, and CrCl. With brief biographical notes we try to explain the oblivion of this important figure and of his nephrological accomplishments.
Between hunter and climate: the effects of hunting and environmental change on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in two sympatric ungulate species in the Ruaha–Rungwa ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: Hariohay Kwaslema Malle , Hunninck Louis , Ranke Peter S , Fyumagwa Robert D , Palme Rupert , Røskaft Eivin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Understanding the drivers of animal population decline is a key focus of conservation biologists. Anthropogenic activities such as hunting have long been established as potentially detrimental to a population’s persistence. However, environmental perturbations such as increased temperature variability, exacerbated by climate change, can also have important effects on animal populations. Animals can respond to these challenges by adjusting both their behavior and physiology. We measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) of common impala (Aepyceros melampus) and greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), both currently in stable populations, to examine effects of hunting, forage availability, daily variability in temperature and group size on their physiological stress response. The study was conducted across two adjacent protected areas, (i) one non-hunted area (Ruaha National Park; RNP) and (ii) one area used for trophy hunting (Rungwa Game Reserve; RGR). Both impala and kudu had significantly higher FGM levels in the area that allows hunting, while FGM levels decreased with increasing forage availability and increasing daily temperature. Moreover, impala (but not kudu) had lower FGM levels with larger group sizes. Our results indicate that the management regime can significantly alter the physiological state of wild ungulate populations. We also highlight the importance of considering the combined effects of anthropogenic, environmental and social contexts when studying the stress response of wild populations. Our results emphasize the value of protected areas and continued monitoring of hunting quota in order to maintain ungulate populations that are less vulnerable to population declines.
Using Trial and Observational Data to Assess Effectiveness: Trial Emulation, Transportability, Benchmarking, and Joint Analysis
Authors: Dahabreh Issa J , Matthews Anthony , Steingrimsson Jon A , Scharfstein Daniel O , Stuart Elizabeth A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Comparisons between randomized trial analyses and observational analyses that attempt to address similar research questions have generated many controversies in epidemiology and the social sciences. There has been little consensus on when such comparisons are reasonable, what their implications are for the validity of observational analyses, or whether trial and observational analyses can be integrated to address effectiveness questions. Here, we consider methods for using observational analyses to complement trial analyses when assessing treatment effectiveness. First, we review the framework for designing observational analyses that emulate target trials and present an evidence map of its recent applications. We then review approaches for estimating the average treatment effect in the target population underlying the emulation, using observational analyses of the emulation data alone and using transportability analyses to extend inferences from a trial to the target population. We explain how comparing treatment effect estimates from the emulation against those from the trial can provide evidence on whether observational analyses can be trusted to deliver valid estimates of effectiveness—a process we refer to as benchmarking—and, in some cases, allow the joint analysis of the trial and observational data. We illustrate different approaches using a simplified example of a pragmatic trial and its emulation in registry data. We conclude that synthesizing trial and observational data—in transportability, benchmarking, or joint analyses—can leverage their complementary strengths to enhance learning about comparative effectiveness, through a process combining quantitative methods and epidemiologic judgments.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Dibben Grace O , Faulkner James , Oldridge Neil , Rees Karen , Thompson David R , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe , Taylor Rod S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
Coronary heart disease is the most common reason for referral to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) globally. However, the generalizability of previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is questioned. Therefore, a contemporary updated meta-analysis was undertaken.

Methods and results
Database and trial registry searches were conducted to September 2020, seeking RCTs of exercise-based interventions with ≥6-month follow-up, compared with no-exercise control for adults with myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, or following coronary artery bypass graft, or percutaneous coronary intervention. The outcomes of mortality, recurrent clinical events, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, and cost-effectiveness data were narratively synthesized. Meta-regression was used to examine effect modification. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A total of 85 RCTs involving 23 430 participants with a median 12-month follow-up were included. Overall, exercise-based CR was associated with significant risk reductions in cardiovascular mortality [risk ratio (RR): 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–0.86, number needed to treat (NNT): 37], hospitalizations (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67–0.89, NNT: 37), and myocardial infarction (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.96, NNT: 100). There was some evidence of significantly improved HRQoL with CR participation, and CR is cost-effective. There was no significant impact on overall mortality (RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.89–1.04), coronary artery bypass graft (RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.80–1.15), or percutaneous coronary intervention (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.69–1.02). No significant difference in effects was found across different patient groups, CR delivery models, doses, follow-up, or risk of bias.

Conclusion
This review confirms that participation in exercise-based CR by patients with coronary heart disease receiving contemporary medical management reduces cardiovascular mortality, recurrent cardiac events, and hospitalizations and provides additional evidence supporting the improvement in HRQoL and the cost-effectiveness of CR.
New frontiers for qualitative textual data analysis: a multimethod statistical approach
Authors: Figura Mariachiara , Fraire Mary , Durante Angela , Cuoco Angela , Arcadi Paola , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole , Piervisani Loredana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the increase in textual data production has meant that researchers require faster text analysis techniques and software to reliably produce knowledge for the scientific–nursing community. Automatic text data analysis opens the frontiers to a new research area combining the depth of analysis typical of qualitative research and the stability of measurements required for quantitative studies. Thanks to the statistical–computational approach, it proposes to study more or less extensive written texts produced in natural language to reveal lexical and linguistic worlds and extract useful and meaningful information for researchers. This article aims to provide an overview of this methodology, which has been rarely used in the nursing community to date.