bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding Soundness Evaluation
Authors: Warner Gary D. 
Published: February 2023

The bull breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) should be an integral part of any herd health management program to maintain and promote herd profitability and health. Physical examination of the bull is a very important aspect of the overall evaluation, and should be given careful consideration by the practitioner. The bull must be fit and in condition to properly identify and service the cows presented to him. It is the veterinarian's responsibility to evaluate body condition, foot and leg structure, reproductive system, temperament and quality. Other considerations, such as breed selection, evaluation of expected progeny differences (EPD), ultrasound data evaluation and feed trial performance may be requested of the veterinarian.
Proper equipment to conduct the evaluation and facilities for restraint of the bull are important. Mature bulls, particularly those of questionable disposition, require substantial facilities for evaluation. Selection and maintenance of the proper equipment is of major importance to the success of the examination. Malfunctioning equipment or lack of adequate restraint can seriously limit the veterinarian's ability to properly collect and evaluate a semen sample. A proper and complete exam can be of direct benefit to the owner, whether it be the consequence of a sale or a part of an annual exam before the breeding season. It should be considered as an insurance policy against the financial loss of a failed breeding season.
Single Subcutaneous Dose of a Combination Vaccine Containing Bovine Herpes Virus- 1 (BHV-1) Provides Protection Against an Intranasal BHV-1 Challenge 72 Hours Later
Authors: Fogarty-Fairbanks K. K. , Campbell J. , Chase C. L. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is associated with several disease syndromes in cattle. The BHV-1 respiratory infections can result in several clinical manifestations that range from inapparent to severe respiratory disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). Signs include pyrexia, anorexia, conjunctivitis with lacrimal discharge, dyspnea and nasal discharge. BHV-1 respiratory infection in calves and feedlot cattle can lead to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), with secondary bacterial infections that cause significant economic losses to the livestock industry.
Vaccination programs are a routine practice in US feedlot operations to protect cattle against BHV-1 associated disease. Unfortunately, many calves are not vaccinated prior to weaning or commingling into backgrounding lots, feedlots or pasture operations. These animals are at increased risk of BHV-1 infection and are predisposed to secondary bacterial pneumonia. The time from vaccination to onset of protection can play an important role in subsequent management of newly arrived cattle against IBR.
An experiment was conducted to determine the onset of protection against an intranasal BHV-1 challenge following a subcutaneous injection of a commercial modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine containing attenuated BHV-1.
Influence of Using Fan and Sprinkler Cooling Systems on Physiological Responses of Heat-Stressed Holstein Cows
Authors: Baei S. F. Rezazadeh 
Published: February 2023

Lactating dairy cattle produce large amounts of heat due to digestion and metabolic processes; this heat must be exchanged with the environment to maintain normal body temperature.
The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) could be used to evaluate thermal stress caused by the environment. This index combines relative humidity (RH) and ambient temperature (Ta) into a single value to estimate the potential environmental heat load. An environment is generally considered stressful for cattle when the THI exceeds 72. Sprinkling and supplemental airflow -to-reduce heat stress (HS) has been evaluated in many studies.
Thirty Holstein dairy cows were used in this study to evaluate the effect of three different cooling systems on physiological responses, including rectal temperature (RT), respiration (RR) and heart rate (HR), during August and September, with daily average Ta between 73 and 86°F (23 and 30°C) and Rh between 67 and 91 % at Sari City, Northern Iran.
Control cows had access to six fans (C). A second group was cooled with twelve fans (F), and the third group of cows was cooled with twelve fans and sprinklers (F/S). The maximum THI during the trial ranged from 73.1 to 99.7 (83.63 ± 3.333).
Ta, and as a result THI, were less (P<0.05) in F/S (77.8 ± 6.58°F and 74.9 ± 5.62) and F (82.4 ± 7.44°F and 78.8 ± 6.44) groups compared to the C group (83. 7 ± 7. 71 °F and 79.9 ± 6.64).
The average of RT (103.1 ± l.02°F; 39.5 ± 0.566°C), RR (79.2 ± 10.2 breaths/min) and HR (79.4 ± 4.32 beats/ min) of cows in the C group were higher (P < 0.05) than those in the F (102.6 ± 0.96°F [39.2 ± 0.638°C], 67.7 ± 12.8 and 77.3 ± 3.98) and S/F (101.7 ± 0.94°F [38.7 ± 0.521°C], 55.1 ± 12.7 and 76.7 ± 4.60) groups, respectively.
These results indicate that a cooling system based on spray and fans is an effective alternative to alleviate the negative effects of HS on physiological responses in lactating Holstein cows under warm and humid conditions.
Animal Welfare Audits
Authors: Reynolds Jim 
Published: February 2023

Consumers of dairy products look to veterinarians and producers to ensure humane care is provided to farm animals. Animal welfare is a consensus of opinions, and what is considered acceptable welfare, or husbandry, changes over time. Animal welfare can be assessed or described in three different approaches: animal bodies (physiologic, production, disease), animal natures (comparison to similar animals in nature) and animal minds (feelings, suffering).
All three approaches should be considered when judging animal welfare. Audits are structured events so they can be repeatable and defendable. Auditors should have education in the given species and experience in the industry to evaluate different housing and management systems. The goal of an auditor is not to pass or fail the farm, but to determine if the agreed-on processes are being carried out. The auditor is verifying the welfare of the animals to consumers and retailers and is neutral to the farm. Training for auditors covers the welfare issues of the species, some industry standards, and how to perform an audit and comply with that company's requirements. The Professional Animal Auditor Certification Organization (PAACO) will certify the training of individual auditors and also the actual audit forms or processes of companies doing audits. PAACO will, in the future, provide training for people wanting to be certified to audit each species of farm animal, but who have not received training elsewhere.
Ensemble physically based semi-distributed models for the rainfall-runoff process modeling in the data-scarce Katar catchment, Ethiopia
Authors: Gelete Gebre , Nourani Vahid , Gokcekus Huseyin , Gichamo Tagesse 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study evaluates the performance of the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), the hydrologiska byråns vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) and the hydrologic engineering center-hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) for modeling rainfall-runoff in the data-scarce Katar catchment, Ethiopia. First, the rainfall-runoff process was simulated using the SWAT, HBV and HEC-HMS models individually. Second, simple average ensemble (SAE), weighted average ensemble (WAE) and neural network ensemble (NNE) techniques were developed by combining the results of individual models to improve overall accuracy. Statistical performance measures and flow duration curves (FDCs) were used to compare and evaluate the performance of the models. The results showed that the SWAT model outperformed the HBV and HEC-HMS models with the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.857 and 0.83 for calibration and 0.85 and 0.799 for validation, respectively. The ensemble result showed that NNE outperformed the SAE and WAE techniques, with NSE and R2 values of 0.924 and 0.925 for calibration and 0.896 and 0.904 for validation, respectively. The NNE technique improved the performance of SWAT, HBV and HEC-HMS by 12.14, 22.7 and 26.8%, respectively, in the validation phase. Overall, the results showed that ensemble modeling is a promising option for accurate modeling of the rainfall-runoff process.
A case study of a community-organized wastewater surveillance in a small community: correlating weekly reported COVID-19 cases with SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations during fall 2020 to summer 2021 in Yarmouth, ME
Authors: Brooks Yolanda M. , Gryskwicz Bailey , Sidaway Eilidh , Shelley Brianna , Coroi Laura , Downing Margaret , Downing Tom , McDonnell Sharon , Ostrye Dan , Hoop Katrina , Parrish Gib 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wastewater surveillance offers a rapid evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a community. We describe how a community group, the Yarmouth Wastewater Testing Team (YWTT), in Yarmouth, Maine, (population 8,990) utilized an asset-based community design framework to organize and manage a program to monitor SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations. From September 22, 2020 through June 8, 2021, the YWTT disseminated weekly reports of the wastewater results and reported COVID-19 cases within the Yarmouth postal code. After high and increasing SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations, the YWTT issued two community advisories to encourage extra care to reduce exposure. Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations and COVID-19 cases were stronger the week after sampling, and the average of the COVID-19 cases during the week of sampling and the following week, indicating that surveillance provided advance notice of cases. A 10% increase in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations was associated with a 13.29% increase in the average number of weekly reported cases of COVID-19 during the week of sampling and the following week (R2 = 0.42; p &lt; 0.001). Adjusting for viral recovery (December 21, 2020 through June 8, 2021), improved R2 from 0.60 to 0.68. Wastewater surveillance was an effective tool for the YWTT to quickly respond to viral transmission.
A method to identify the weakest link in urban drainage systems
Authors: Meijer Didrik , Korving Hans , Langeveld Jeroen , Clemens-Meyer François 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Urban drainage systems are composed of subsystems. The ratio of the storage and discharge capacities of the subsystems determines the performance. The performance of the urban water system may deteriorate as a result of the change in the ratio of storage to discharge capacity due to aging, urbanisation and climate change. We developed the graph-based weakest link method (GBWLM) to analyse urban drainage systems. Flow path analysis from graph theory is applied instead of hydrodynamic model simulations to reduce the computational effort. This makes it practically feasible to analyse urban drainage systems with multi-decade rainfall series. We used the GBWLM to analyse the effect of urban water system aging and/or climate scenarios on flood extent and frequency. The case study shows that the results of the hydrodynamic models and the GBWLM are similar. The rainfall intensities of storm events are expected to increase by approximately 20% in the Netherlands due to climate change. For the case study, such an increase in load has little impact on the flood frequency and extent caused by gully pots and surface water. However, it could lead to a 50% increase in the storm sewer flood frequency and an increase in the extent of flooding.
Caspase-3 Activators as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Srivastava Nitin , Saxena Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The cancer is still a major cause of death worldwide. Among different targets
to design anticancer agents, caspase-3 is an important target as its cleavage and activation lead to
apoptosis and finally, cancer cell death. Apart from some naturally occurring molecules, many small
molecules have been reported as caspase-3 activators.

Objectives:
In view of the above, the objective has been to review the published work on small molecules
reported as caspase-3 activators and their anticancer activity to get some novel lead molecules
for designing novel molecules of improved cancer therapeutic.

Methods:
Literature search has been carried out using different search engines like google, Elsevier,
Science direct, RSC, etc. for the publications of small molecules as caspase-3 activators inducing
apoptosis in cancer cells.

Results:
In this review, the small molecules showing caspase-3 cleavage and activation have been discussed
under different broad chemical classes so as to provide some insight into the structural features
responsible for caspase-3 activation leading to anticancer activity. The review also encompasses the
established drugs, novel organometallics showing caspase-3 activation and anticancer activity.

Conclusion:
A large number of small molecules including some established drugs and organometallics
have shown cleavage and activation of caspase-3 leading to apoptosis and anticancer activity.
Many reported potent molecules of different chemical classes may be useful as lead molecules for optimization
of anticancer activity as well as they may provide an insight of structural features which
may be useful in designing novel caspase-3 activators as anticancer agents for drug development.
Combination of Cefotaxime and Cisplatin Specifically and Selectively
Enhances Anticancer Efficacy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: He Xiaoqiong , Yao Qian , Fan Dan , Duan Ling , You Yutong , Lian Wenjing , Zhou Zhangping , Teng Song , Liang Zhuoxuan 
Published: February 2023

Background:
HMOX1 has a dual role in cancers, especially involving chemoresistance.
We demonstrate that cephalosporin antibiotics exert strong anticancer activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
mainly via drastic upregulation of HMOX1.

Objectives:
Cephalosporin antibiotics are commonly used for the treatment or prophylaxis of bacterial
infectious diseases in cancer patients. It is unknown whether they lead to chemoresistance in cancer
patients, especially in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, who are being treated or required prophylaxis
for an infectious syndrome with cephalosporin antibiotics.

Methods:
MTT and clonogenic colony formation assays assessed the viability and proliferation of cultured
cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Tumor growth was assessed using a
xenograft model. Microarray and RT-qPCR expression analyses investigated differential gene expression.

Results:
Cefotaxime enhanced anticancer efficacy of cisplatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma without
enhancing the toxic side effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, cefotaxime significantly reduced
the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in other cancer cell lines. Cefotaxime and cisplatin co-regulated 5 differential
genes in CNE2 cells in a direction supporting the enhancement of anticancer efficacy, of which,
THBS1 and LAPTM5 were further upregulated, STAG1, NCOA5, and PPP3CB were further downregulated.
Out of the 18 apoptotic pathways significantly enriched in the combination group, THBS1
and HMOX1 overlapped in 14 and 12 pathways, respectively. Extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
(GO: 2001236) was the only apoptotic pathway commonly enriched in cefotaxime group, cisplatin
group and combination group, and THBS1 and HMOX1 were the overlapped genes of this pathway.
THBS1 also overlapped in P53 signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway
enriched by KEGG.

Conclusion:
Cephalosporin antibiotics are chemosensitizers of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs
in the chemotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but they may lead to chemoresistance by cytoprotection
in other cancers. Cefotaxime and cisplatin co-regulate THBS1, LAPTM5, STAG1, NCOA5
and PPP3CB suggesting their involvement in the enhancement of anticancer efficacy in nasopharyngeal
carcinoma. Targeting of P53 signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway
was correlated to the enhancement. With additional benefit for treatment or prophylaxis of an infectious
syndrome, cephalosporin antibiotics can benefit the therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma either
as anticancer agents or as chemosensitizers of chemotherapeutic drugs in combination chemotherapy.
A Review of Cultured Meat and its Current Public Perception
Authors: Ahmad Nurhaziqah Awang , Arshad Fareeha , Azian Zakaria Siti Nurul , Ahmed Minhaz Uddin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Culturing meat in-vitro cell, also known as cellular agriculture, is an alternative to
livestock meat production. By culturing meat instead of relying on conventional meat, the deleterious
effects on the environment can be avoided. Moreover, depending on cultured meat resources
will help improve animal welfare and aid in tackling the current sustainability challenges
associated with animal rearing to produce meat. Multiple tissue culture methods and bioengineering
techniques are currently being studied to design various cell types to develop muscle and fat
cells for culturing meat. To succeed in the cellular agricultural industry, the public impression of
cultured meat must also be considered. To better study and understand cultured meat perception
among the public, we extensively studied papers on ‘cultured meat’ and ‘public perception’ from
the past decade. Most recent research studies have discussed the public perception of a particular
group toward cultured meat. However, to the best of our knowledge, no existing article provides
a detailed study on recent advances in cultured meat and the views of public consumers from different
backgrounds. Thus, this paper focuses on several religious and regional groups and their
perceptions of cultured meat consumption. The consumers’ appeal and acceptability of cultured
meat are crucial to manufacturing cultured meat. However, many existing studies on public perception
of cultured meat have raised concerns despite their willingness to consume it. Therefore,
organisations must carefully navigate for such an industry to reach its full potential. For instance,
labels like ‘lab-grown meat’, ‘cultured meat’, or ‘artificial meat’ may elicit negative customer
responses. On the contrary, tags like ‘clean meat’ or ‘healthy meat’ may promote better acceptance
among consumers. Further research and development, especially on the alternative of
serum-free culture media, cultured meat, and cellular agriculture, can transform the meat industry
soon.
Advancement of Nanocarriers-based Therapeutics for Effective Management of
Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Upadhyay Aakash , Kumar Shubneesh , Mishra Neeraj , Garg Ashish , Rai Shweta , Altamimi Mohammad A. , Hussain Afzal , Rihan Mohd 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Colorectal cancer is still challenging for scientists and healthcare professionals. Conventional treatment methods are associated with various limitations at a clinical bed and patient’s compliance. Novel nanocarrier based approaches opened a new window for improved therapy and new future perspective.

Introduction:
Cancer is the deadliest disease globally and is challenging to healthcare systems. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, affecting all age groups and the most common cancer in 23 countries, as per the World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods:
In this review, we addressed nanocarriers based strategic treatment of colorectal cancer, major findings, limitations, and future perspective. For this, we seriously reviewed literature downloaded from prime sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Publon. To filter the exact need of data, we used keyword alone in combination. Various relevant articles were obtained from the reference section of the selected papers.

Results and Discussion:
It is necessary to have an effective and targeted treatment option to control CRC compared to available remedies. Nanotechnology has been widely
used to diagnose and treat several cancer types. Advances in nanomedicine and phytonanomedicine promoted novel identification methods to treat
colorectal cancer patients. There are several nanocarriers recommended for clinical purposes. However, to date, only a few clinically approved
nanocarriers can load anticancer moieties and selectively bind to cancer cells. Some nanocarriers transport and release treatments to the target
colorectal area but provide few benefits.

Conclusion:
In this review, various nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties have been discussed in relation to managing colorectal cancer, major outcomes
of clinical trials, and successful patents published so far.
Propiedades psicométricas e invariancia de medida de una escala de autoeficacia académica en estudiantes universitarios de cinco países latinoamericanos
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio , Alarcón-Parco Danitsa , Campos-Uscanga Yolanda , Tamayo-Agudelo William , Merino-Soto César , Tumino Marisa Cecilia , Quinde Josué Mauricio , De Moura Giovanna Barroca , Baptista Maria das Graças de Almeida 
Published: February 2023

El objetivo fue analizar la invarianza de medición de la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica para Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA) entre estudiantes universitarios peruanos, mexicanos, colombianos, argentinos y brasileños, y su relación con el agotamiento emocional académico (AEA). Además de la EAPESA, se usó la Escala de Cansancio Emocional (ECE). Participaron 2142 estudiantes universitarios (70.26 % mujeres) entre los 16 y 35 años (M = 21.79). La estructura unidimensional de la EAPESA se corroboró en cada muestra con un análisis factorial confirmatorio, y la invarianza de medición se llevó a cabo con un análisis factorial de grupo múltiple (AFGM) y con el funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems (FDI). La relación con el AEA se evaluó con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Respecto a los resultados, en todas las muestras el modelo unidimensional presentó adecuados indicadores psicométricos, tanto en lo que respecta a su dimensionalidad como en cuanto a su confiabilidad. Del mismo modo, en cuanto al análisis de invarianza de medición, se alcanza la invarianza fuerte, y el FDI es débil, lo que junto con el AFGM brinda evidencia favorable de invarianza de medición. Se concluye que la EAPESA es una medida invariante entre los grupos analizados, aunque es necesario replicar la investigación para consolidar los hallazgos. Estos resultados contribuyen a entender la estructura interna de la EAPESA, algo que estaba aguardando una valoración, ya que dicha escala es usada en varios contextos.
Percutaneous versus open release of trigger digit
Authors: Basheer Ahmed Abdullah , Mosa Laween Omar , Sulaiman Abdulkadir Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous release of trigger digit and compare the results with that of open surgery .
Methods: Those patients have been submitted according to Green grading severity (grade II & III), then divided into 2 groups randomly each with 26 patients. The 1st group has been treated with open release and the 2nd group has been treated with percutaneous release. Patients of both procedures have been followed up for 8 days and 28 days, to record and estimate pain of postoperative, infection, injury to nerve digits, repetition or continuation of triggering and movement of fingers.
Results: There was no differencies in the statistical analysis of both groups, although there was a tendency to earlier return Of daily living hand activities with full range of motion in the percutaneous group and also the complication rates where also low , the difference was insignificantly compared to the open group.
Conclusion: According to the study, both percutaneous and open techniques weren't significant statistically differences for postoperative pain, recovery of motor function, and patient satisfaction, but our study shows that percutaneous techniques are safer and more effective compared to open techniques.