bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-definition Cathodal Direct Current Stimulation for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bahr-Hosseini Mersedeh , Nael Kambiz , Unal Gozde , Iacoboni Marco , Liebeskind David S. , Bikson Marom , Saver Jeffrey L. ,   TESSERACT Trial Group, Sanossian Nerses , Wu Allan , Dobkin Bruce , Avila Gilda 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceCathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (C-tDCS) provides neuroprotection in preclinical models of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by inhibiting peri-infarct excitotoxic effects and enhancing collateral perfusion due to its vasodilatory properties.ObjectiveTo report the first-in-human pilot study using individualized high-definition (HD) C-tDCS as a treatment of AIS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial was sham controlled with 3 + 3 dose escalation design, and was conducted at a single center from October 2018 to July 2021. Eligible participants were treated for AIS within 24 hours from onset, had imaging evidence of cortical ischemia with salvageable penumbra, and were ineligible for reperfusion therapies. HD C-tDCS electrode montage was selected for each patient to deliver the electric current to the ischemic region only. Patients were followed for 90 days.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were feasibility, assessed as time from randomization to study stimulation initiation; tolerability, assessed by rate of patients completing the full study stimulation period; and safety, assessed by rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage at 24 hours. The efficacy imaging biomarkers of neuroprotection and collateral enhancement were explored.ResultsA total of 10 patients with AIS were enrolled, 7 were randomized to active treatment and 3 to sham. Patient age was mean (SD) 75 (10) years old, 6 (60%) were female, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was mean (SD) 8 (7). Two doses of HD C-tDCS (1 milliamp [mA] for 20 minutes and 2 mA for 20 minutes) were studied. The speed of HD C-tDCS implementation was a median (IQR) 12.5 minutes (9-15 minutes) in the last 4 patients. Patients tolerated the HD C-tDCS with no permanent stimulation cessation. The hypoperfused region was reduced by a median (IQR) 100% (46% to 100%) in the active group vs increased by 325% (112% to 412%) in sham. Change in quantitative relative cerebral blood volume early poststimulation was a median (IQR) 64% (40% to 110%) in active vs −4% (−7% to 1%) sham patients and followed a dose-response pattern. Penumbral salvage in the active C-tDCS group was median (IQR) 66% (29% to 80.5%) vs 0% (IQR 0% to 0%) in sham.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this randomized, first-in-human clinical trial, HD C-tDCS was started efficiently and well tolerated in emergency settings, with signals of beneficial effect upon penumbral salvage. These results support advancing HD C-tDCS to larger trials.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03574038
Assessing the impact of festival music on bat activity
Authors: Hooker Jack , Daley Emma , Stone Emma , Lintott Paul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Sound is a critical component of an animal's habitat, where it is used to glean important environmental information from their surroundings. The modification of natural soundscapes due to the global rise in anthropogenic noise pollution over recent decades can have serious negative impacts on species fitness and survival.

Nocturnal species such as bats are reliant on sound for many aspects of their life history and are, therefore, highly sensitive to anthropogenic noise. Music festivals are a source of unregulated and potentially harmful, acute noise pollution; however, they have become ubiquitous across our landscapes throughout the summer months and are increasingly being held in settings important for wildlife.

Using an experimental approach, we provide the first evidence of the negative impacts of music festivals on bat activity in a habitat that represents a typical festival setting, that is, woodland edge. We found that loud music playback alone can reduce the activity of bats even in the absence of other anthropogenic factors commonly associated with music festivals such as lighting and habitat disturbance. Activity of Nyctalus/Eptesicus spp. was reduced along woodland edge habitats exposed to loud music, whereas no effect was recorded for Myotis spp., Pipistrellus pygmaeus and Pipistrellus pipistrellus compared with quiet nights. We also provide the first evidence of the spatial scale of negative effects from festival music on activity for P. pygmaeus as well as highlighting differential responses between cryptic species.

In light of the paucity of research or guidance into acute noise impacts on nocturnal biodiversity, we outline the potential negative impacts of music festivals for bats. We show that music alone can reduce the activity of bats even in the absence of other anthropogenic factors commonly associated with music festivals, which could potentially fragment important habitats for certain species, leading to a degradation of functional connectivity across the landscape.
Fostering knowledge building in learning by teaching: A test of the drawing‐facilitates‐explaining hypothesis
Authors: Fiorella Logan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUndergraduates (n = 132) learned about the human respiratory system and then taught what they learned by explaining aloud on video. Following a 2 × 2 design, students either generated their own words or visuals on paper while explaining aloud, or they viewed instructor‐provided words or visuals while explaining aloud. One week after teaching, students completed explanation, drawing, and transfer tests. Teaching with provided or generated visualizations resulted in significantly higher transfer test performance than teaching with provided or generated words. Furthermore, teaching with provided visuals led to significantly higher drawing test performance than teaching with generated visuals. Finally, the number of elaborations in students' explanations during teaching did not significantly differ across groups but was significantly associated with subsequent explanation and transfer test performance. Overall, the findings partially support the hypothesis that visuals facilitate learning by explaining, yet the benefits appeared stronger for instructor‐provided visuals than learner‐generated drawings.
Practical tracking control of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems and unknown output function
Authors: Dorgham Ahlem , Hammami Mohamed Ali 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of global practical tracking control via dynamic output‐feedback for a family of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown output function. The nonlinear terms of the system under consideration are assumed to be bounded by an unknown parameter multiplied by a function of unmeasured states. Furthermore, contrary to the previous works, the system output is presented with a multiplicative unknown measurement noise. Based on a high‐gain observer to reconstruct the unmeasured system states and handle the unknown output function, an adaptive output feedback controller is designed to guarantee the reference trajectory tracking. The boundedness of all the closed‐loop signals is verified by Lyapunov analysis and the tracking errors are proved to be sufficiently small prescribed after a finite time. A practical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
A Dual Synergetic Nanoreactor for Managing Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Inflammation and Mitigating Oxidative Damage
Authors: Li Qing , Wu Tingting , Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Song Nannan , Liu Wei , Jiang Wei , Fan Kelong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlial cell‐dominated inflammatory microenvironment and neuronal damage due to oxidative stress are major impediments to the treatment of central nervous degenerative diseases. Herein, a neuroinflammatory regulatory nanoreactor is developed by encapsulating dihydroquercetin (Que) and Pt nanozymes (Ptzymes) in mannitol modified poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The nanoreactor shows enhanced antioxidative activities compared with either Que or Ptzymes alone due to synergetic effects of the incorporated active agents. In cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), the nanoreactor traverses the blood–brain barrier and accumulates in neurons and microglia, thereby mitigating oxidative damage of neurons, and promoting the polarization of microglia into the anti‐inflammatory M2‐phenotype to control PD progression. This work demonstrates the gains of combining anti‐inflammation small molecule compound and antioxidant nanozyme in a synergetic nanoreactor to effectively prevent neuronal damage and suppress the inflammatory microenvironment, which holds great potential for managing the advances of PD.
Robust Self‐Catalytic Reactor for CO2 Methanation Fabricated by Metal 3D Printing and Selective Electrochemical Dissolution
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Jin , Mori Kohsuke , Nakano Takayoshi , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe methanation of CO2 has been actively pursued as a practical approach to mitigating global climate change. However, the complexity of the catalyst development process has hindered the development of new catalysts for CO2 methanation; as a result, few catalysts are commercially available. Herein, a multifunctional self‐catalytic reactor (SCR) is prepared via metal 3D printing and selective electrochemical dissolution as a method to not only simplify the catalyst development process but also fabricate active catalysts for CO2 methanation. The combination of metal 3D printing and selective electrochemical dissolution is demonstrated as a feasible method to prepare active catalysts for the methanation of CO2 in a short time. In addition, the use of an electrochemical method enables the formation of galvanic cells on the SCR; these cells continuously generate active sites via self‐dissolution during a simple refresh process, resulting in high reusability of the SCR. The proposed method represents a new facile technique to fabricate highly reusable catalysts that exhibit superior performance for CO2 methanation, and the results provide a guideline for preparing metal 3D‐printed catalysts that will satisfy industrial demand.
Perovskite‐Organic Coupling WLED: Progress and Perspective
Authors: Chen Xinrui , Xiang Hengyang , Wang Run , Wang Yifei , Wang Yongjin , Zeng Haibo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerovskite shows great potential in lighting and display owing to its advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and whole visible light tunability. However, how to realize high‐efficiency white perovskite light‐emitting diodes (WPeLEDs) still faces challenges such as the stability of devices and the energy regulation between different emission centers. In recent years, some organic molecules are introduced into the perovskite system because of their role in stabilizing perovskite crystals and enhancing photoelectric properties. In this review, the strategy of perovskite‐organic combination and coupling emission are emphasized, hoping to promote the development of high‐efficiency WPeLEDs. First, the research status of perovskite‐organic coupling WLEDs (POC‐WLEDs) is summarized in detail. Then, the development direction and possibility of POC‐WLEDs are proposed by combining them with some recent reports on POC methods. Finally, an outlook on POC‐WLEDs is proposed. It is a considerable strategy to introduce organic luminescent molecules into perovskite systems as ligands or A‐site organic cations for coupling emission with perovskite. In addition, the technologies of the organic polymer matrix, interfacial exciplex, and organic crosslinking are noteworthy exploration directions. They will promote the development of POC‐WLEDs in improving the stability of perovskite electroluminescence and regulating the energy transfer efficiency between perovskite/organic‐molecule emitting centers.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Ferroptosis as a Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Strokes
Authors: Wang Yumin , Wu Shuang , Li Qiang , Sun Huiyan , Wang Hongquan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a unique regulated cell death modality that is morphologically and mechanistically different from other forms of cell death, plays a vital role in the pathophysiological process of neurodegenerative diseases, and strokes. Accumulating evidence supports ferroptosis as a critical factor of neurodegenerative diseases and strokes, and pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for these diseases. In this review article, the core mechanisms of ferroptosis are overviewed and the roles of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and strokes are described. Finally, the emerging findings in treating neurodegenerative diseases and strokes through pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis are described. This review demonstrates that pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis by bioactive small‐molecule compounds (ferroptosis inhibitors) could be effective for treatments of these diseases, and highlights a potential promising therapeutic avenue that could be used to prevent neurodegenerative diseases and strokes. This review article will shed light on developing novel therapeutic regimens by pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis to slow down the progression of these diseases in the future.
Following Pauline advice? A short note on moderate alcohol consumption and subjective well‐being in Europe
Authors: Rousselière Damien , Coisnon Thomas , Musson Anne , Rousselière Samira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe relation between alcohol consumption and well‐being is a controversial issue. Although the deleterious effects of heavy alcohol consumption on health have been demonstrated, research found that moderate drinking may have positive effect on various dimensions of human capital. Our contribution to this debate is original. We provide new cross‐country evidence on the relation between alcohol consumption and well‐being controlling for a whole set of confounders. While binge drinking has an overall negative impact on well‐being, we also found a negative impact of complete abstinence. For drinkers, consumption of beer and wine have opposite effects: beer have a small but significant negative effect on well‐being but only in combination with binge drinking. The positive effect of the consumption of wine on subjective well‐being may be minimized or even ruled out by a higher frequency of binge drinking. [EconLit Citations: D12, I31, L66]
Electroreductive Desulfurative Transformations with Thioethers as Alkyl Radical Precursors**
Authors: Kuzmin Julius , Röckl Johannes , Schwarz Nils , Djossou Jonas , Ahumada Guillermo , Ahlquist Mårten , Lundberg Helena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThioethers are highly prevalent functional groups in organic compounds of natural and synthetic origin but remain remarkably underexplored as starting materials in desulfurative transformations. As such, new synthetic methods are highly desirable to unlock the potential of the compound class. In this vein, electrochemistry is an ideal tool to enable new reactivity and selectivity under mild conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient use of aryl alkyl thioethers as alkyl radical precursors in electroreductive transformations, along with mechanistic details. The transformations proceed with complete selectivity for C(sp3)−S bond cleavage, orthogonal to that of established transition metal‐catalyzed two‐electron routes. We showcase a hydrodesulfurization protocol with broad functional group tolerance, the first example of desulfurative C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond formation in Giese‐type cross‐coupling and the first protocol for electrocarboxylation of synthetic relevance with thioethers as starting materials. Finally, the compound class is shown to outcompete their well‐established sulfone analogues as alkyl radical precursors, demonstrating their synthetic potential for future desulfurative transformations in a one‐electron manifold.
Structural‐transformation‐induced Drastic Luminescence Changes in an Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid [ReN(CN)4]2− Salt Triggered by Chemical Stimuli
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Xu Jianeng , Yanagisawa Junichi , Iwai Yuudai , Ehara Takumi , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken , Pirillo Jenny , Hijikata Yuh , Hiraoka Tomoaki , Hayami Shinya , Le Ouay Benjamin , Ohba Masaaki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe synthesized a (1‐propylpyridinium)2[ReN(CN)4]‐type organic–inorganic hybrid exhibiting water‐vapor‐induced drastic structural changes of the [ReN(CN)4]2− assemblies. Specifically, upon exposure to water vapor, dehydrated nitrido‐bridged chains were converted to hydrated cyanido‐bridged tetranuclear clusters via rearrangements of large molecular building units in the crystals. These switchable assembly forms display substantially different photo‐physical properties, although in both cases the emission is caused by a metal‐centered d–d transition. The nitrido‐bridged chain exhibited a near‐infrared (749 nm) emission, which blue‐shifted as the temperature increased, while a visible (561 nm) emission and its red shift was demonstrated by the cyanido‐bridged cluster.
Anti‐drip flame retardant poly(urethane‐imide) thin films for high‐temperature applications
Authors: Meena Mahipal , Roy Prasun , Jacob Josemon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present work deals with developing anti‐drip, flame‐retardant, poly(urethane‐imide) copolymer films for potential use in specialized applications. PUI formulations containing varying amounts of different flame retardants were prepared to achieve UL‐94 VTM‐0 rating without any melt‐drip. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PUI exhibits multi‐step degradation. The presence of flame‐retardant additives operating through a condensed phase mechanism was found to reduce the initial degradation temperature and increase char yield. SEM imaging of the char residue revealed the intumescent behavior of PUI with APP and PEPA additives. Both these additives were found to be effective flame retardants for PUI films. The addition of 25% APP and 25% PEPA led to VTM‐0 and VTM‐1 ratings, respectively, without melt drip. DOPO, a representative vapor phase flame retardant, was also found to be effective for PUIs, with 25% DOPO introduction resulting in a VTM‐0 rating. Conventional phosphate‐based flame retardants, such as triethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate, were found to be relatively ineffective for PUI films. Interestingly, the mechanical properties of PUI improved significantly upon the introduction of flame‐retardant additives. High thermal stability, and anti‐drip flame retardant properties, bestows these formulated PUIs excellent candidature as materials for applications where flame retardancy with anti‐drip is mandatory.
Melatonin–vorinostat hybrid ligands show higher histone deacetylase and cancer cell growth inhibition than vorinostat
Authors: Helmi Youssef Y. , Papenkordt Niklas , Rennar Georg , Gbahou Florence , El‐Hady Ahmed K. , Labani Nedjma , Schmidtkunz Karin , Boettcher Stefan , Jockers Ralf , Abdel‐Halim Mohammad , Jung Manfred , Zlotos Darius P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnticancer drug conjugates are an emerging approach for future cancer treatment. Here, we report a series of hybrid ligands merging the neurohormone melatonin with the approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, using melatonin's amide side chain (3a–e), its indolic nitrogen (5a–d), and its ether oxygen (7a–d) as attachment points. Several hybrid ligands showed higher potency thanvorinostat in both HDAC inhibition and cellular assays on different cultured cancer cell lines. In the most potent HDAC1 and HDAC6 inhibitors, 3e, 5c, and 7c, the hydroxamic acid moiety of vorinostat is linked to melatonin through a hexamethylene spacer. Hybrid ligands 5c and 7c were also found to be potent growth inhibitors of MCF‐7, PC‐3M‐Luc, and HL‐60 cancer cell lines. As these compounds showed only weak agonist activity at melatonin MT1 receptors, the findings indicate that their anticancer actions are driven by HDAC inhibition.
Hepatoprotective role of myricitrin isolated from Mimusops elengi Linn. leaves extract on γ‐radiation‐induced liver damage in rats: Phyto‐biochemical investigations
Authors: Sayed Dina F. , Mohamed Marwa A. , Nada Ahmed S. , Temraz Abeer , Ahmed Amal H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mimusops elengi Linn. (M. elengi L.) leaves and isolated pure myricitrin (3‐, 4‐, 5‐, 5, 7‐five hydroxyflavone‐3‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnoside) (Myr) were evaluated in male rats exposed to γ‐irradiation. The extraction of M. elengi L. leaves was performed using ethyl acetate (EtOAC). Seven groups of rats were used: control group, irradiated (IRR) group (6 Gy of γ‐rays in a single dose), vehicle group (oral administration of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose for 10 days), EtOAC extract group (100 mg/kg body weight of extract, orally for 10 days), EtOAC + IRR group (administration of extract and exposure to γ‐rays on Day 7), Myr group (50 mg/kg body weight Myr, orally for 10 days), and Myr + IRR group (administration of Myr and exposure to γ‐rays on Day 7). High‐performance liquid chromatography and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance were used to isolate and characterize the compounds from M. elengi L. leaves. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used for biochemical analyses. Identified compounds were Myr, myricetin 3‐O‐galactoside, myricetin 3‐O‐rahmnopyranoside (1 → 6) glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercitol, gallic acid, α‐,β‐amyrin, ursolic acid, and lupeol. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities were significantly increased, while serum protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased after irradiation. Hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, prostaglandin 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐12 were increased following irradiation. Improvements were observed in most serological parameters after treatment with extract or pure Myr, with histological analyses confirming decreased liver injury in treated rats. Our study demonstrates that pure Myr has a greater hepatoprotective effect than M. elengi leaf extracts against irradiation‐induced hepatic inflammation.
Self‐Assembly of Poly(Amino Acid)s Mediated by Secondary Conformations
Authors: Li Zifen , Zheng Yi , Yan Jingyue , Yan Yue , Peng Chuan , Wang Zuojie , Liu Hang , Liu Yang , Zhou Yeqiang , Ding Mingming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSelf‐assembly of block copolymers has recently drawn great attention due to its remarkable performance and wide variety of applications in biomedicine, biomaterials, microelectronics, photoelectric materials, catalysts, etc. Poly(amino acid)s (PAAs), formed by introducing synthetic amino acids into copolymer backbones, are able to fold into different secondary conformations when compared with traditional amphiphilic copolymers. Apart from changing the chemical composition and degree of polymerization of copolymers, the self‐assembly behaviors of PAAs could be controlled by their secondary conformations, which are more flexible and adjustable for fine structure tailoring. In this article, we summarize the latest findings on the variables that influence secondary conformations, in particular the regulation of order‐to‐order conformational changes and the approaches used to manage the self‐assembly behaviors of PAAs. These strategies include controlling pH, redox reactions, coordination, light, temperature, and so on. Hopefully, we can provide valuable perspectives that will be useful for the future development and use of synthetic PAAs.