bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and cellular basis of oxidative stress: Implications for disease onset
Authors: Aramouni Karl , Assaf Roland , Shaito Abdullah , Fardoun Manal , Al‐Asmakh Maha , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Eid Ali H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCellular oxidation–reduction (redox) systems, which encompass pro‐ and antioxidant molecules, are integral components of a plethora of essential cellular processes. Any dysregulation of these systems can cause molecular imbalances between the pro‐ and antioxidant moieties, leading to a state of oxidative stress. Long‐lasting oxidative stress can manifest clinically as a variety of chronic illnesses including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic diseases like diabetes. As such, this review investigates the impact of oxidative stress on the human body with emphasis on the underlying oxidants, mechanisms, and pathways. It also discusses the available antioxidant defense mechanisms. The cellular monitoring and regulatory systems that ensure a balanced oxidative cellular environment are detailed. We critically discuss the notion of oxidants as a double‐edged sword, being signaling messengers at low physiological concentrations but causative agents of oxidative stress when overproduced. In this regard, the review also presents strategies employed by oxidants including redox signaling and activation of transcriptional programs such as those mediated by the Nrf2/Keap1 and NFk signaling. Likewise, redox molecular switches of peroxiredoxin and DJ‐1 and the proteins they regulate are presented. The review concludes that a thorough comprehension of cellular redox systems is essential to develop the evolving field of redox medicine.
Glycogen‐binding protein STBD1: Molecule and role in pathophysiology
Authors: Tang Qiannan , Liu Meiqing , Zhao Hong , Chen Linxi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStarch‐binding domain‐containing protein 1 (STBD1) is a glycogen‐binding protein discovered in skeletal muscle gene differential expression that is pivotal to cellular energy metabolism. Recent studies have indicated that STBD1 is involved in many physiological processes, such as glycophagy, glycogen accumulation, and lipid droplet formation. Moreover, dysregulation of STBD1 causes multiple diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and even cancer. Deletions and/or mutations in STBD1 promote tumorigenesis. Therefore, STBD1 has garnered considerable interest in the pathology community. In this review, we first summarized the current understanding of STBD1, including its structure, subcellular localization, tissue distribution, and biological functions. Next, we examined the roles and molecular mechanisms of STBD1 in related diseases. Based on available research, we discussed the novel function and future of STBD1, including its potential application as a therapeutic target in glycogen‐related diseases. Given the significance of STBD1 in energy metabolism, an in‐depth understanding of the protein is crucial for understanding physiological processes and developing therapeutic strategies for related diseases.
Explainable machine learning model for predicting skeletal muscle loss during surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Han , Ko Ai‐Tung , Weng Chia‐Sui , Chang Chih‐Long , Jan Ya‐Ting , Lin Jhen‐Bin , Chien Hung‐Ju , Lin Wan‐Chun , Sun Fang‐Ju , Wu Kun‐Pin , Lee Jie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle loss during treatment is associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. Although changes in muscle mass can be assessed on computed tomography (CT) scans, this labour‐intensive process can impair its utility in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict muscle loss based on clinical data and to interpret the ML model by applying SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method.MethodsThis study included the data of 617 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent primary debulking surgery and platinum‐based chemotherapy at a tertiary centre between 2010 and 2019. The cohort data were split into training and test sets based on the treatment time. External validation was performed using 140 patients from a different tertiary centre. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured from pre‐ and post‐treatment CT scans, and a decrease in SMI ≥ 5% was defined as muscle loss. We evaluated five ML models to predict muscle loss, and their performance was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and F1 score. The features for analysis included demographic and disease‐specific characteristics and relative changes in body mass index (BMI), albumin, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The SHAP method was applied to determine the importance of the features and interpret the ML models.ResultsThe median (inter‐quartile range) age of the cohort was 52 (46–59) years. After treatment, 204 patients (33.1%) experienced muscle loss in the training and test datasets, while 44 (31.4%) patients experienced muscle loss in the external validation dataset. Among the five evaluated ML models, the random forest model achieved the highest AUC (0.856, 95% confidence interval: 0.854–0.859) and F1 score (0.726, 95% confidence interval: 0.722–0.730). In the external validation, the random forest model outperformed all ML models with an AUC of 0.874 and an F1 score of 0.741. The results of the SHAP method showed that the albumin change, BMI change, malignant ascites, NLR change, and PLR change were the most important factors in muscle loss. At the patient level, SHAP force plots demonstrated insightful interpretation of our random forest model to predict muscle loss.ConclusionsExplainable ML model was developed using clinical data to identify patients experiencing muscle loss after treatment and provide information of feature contribution. Using the SHAP method, clinicians may better understand the contributors to muscle loss and target interventions to counteract muscle loss.
Evaluating the use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in paediatric brain tumour resection surgeries: a literature review
Authors: Wu Olivia , Clift Georgina Williamson , Hilliard Sonia , Ip Miranda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrain tumours are the most common solid neoplasm in children, posing a significant challenge in oncology due to the limited range of treatment. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has recently emerged to aid surgical intervention in neurosurgery resection with the potential to delineate tumour boundaries. This narrative literature review aimed to provide an updated evaluation of the clinical implementation of iMRI in paediatric neurosurgical resection, with an emphasis on the extent of brain tumour resection, patient outcomes and its drawbacks. Databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used to investigate this topic with key terms: paediatric, brain tumour, and iMRI. Exclusion criteria included literature comprised of adult populations and the use of iMRI in neurosurgery in the absence of brain tumours. The limited body of research evaluating the clinical implementation of iMRI in paediatric cohorts has been predominantly positive. Current evidence demonstrates the potential for iMRI use to increase rates of gross total resection (GTR), assess the extent of resection, and improve patient outcomes, such as progression‐free survival. Limitations regarding the use of iMRI include prolonged operation times and complications associated with head immobilisation devices. iMRI has the potential to aid in the achievement of maximal brain tumour resection in paediatric patients. Future prospective randomised controlled trials are necessary to determine the clinical significance and benefits of using iMRI during neurosurgical resection for clinical management of brain neoplasms in children.
New‐onset and relapsed thrombotic microangiopathy post‐COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Ma Qiqi , Xu Gaosi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination has been reported, however, the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis remained mysterious. We reviewed 84 TMA cases post‐COVID‐19 vaccination, including 64 patients diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 17 cases presented as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and three cases manifested as unclassified TMA. TMA episodes were mostly associated with messenger RNA vaccines. For TTP, 67.6% of females developed symptoms after the first dose of the vaccine, and 63.0% of males were secondary to the second dose (p = 0.015). Compared with TTP, aHUS generally appeared within 7 days (p = 0.002) and showed higher levels of serum creatinine (p < 0.001). 87.5% of TTP received plasma exchange (PEX)‐based treatment, and 52.9% of aHUS adopted non‐PEX‐based therapies (p < 0.001). Mechanistically, complement dysfunction, neutrophil activation, and the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies resulting from molecular mimicry contribute to explaining the pathogenesis of TMA post‐COVID‐19 vaccination.
The effect of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir on the long‐term risk of neuropsychiatric sequelae following COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Ting‐Hui , Wu Jheng‐Yan , Huang Po‐Yu , Tsai Ya‐Wen , Lai Chih‐Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe retrospective cohort was conducted to assess the effect of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir (NMV‐r) on the long‐term risk of neuropsychiatric sequela following COVID‐19. TriNetX research network was used to identify nonhospitalized adult patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or were diagnosed with COVID‐19 between March 1, 2020 and July 1, 2022. Further propensity score matching method was used to create two matched cohorts with and without receiving NMV‐r. The primary outcome was the incidence of neuropsychiatric sequela within a 90‐day to 1‐year period following a diagnosis of COVID‐19. After screening 119 494 527 electronic health records, two matched cohorts of each 27 194 patients were identified. During the follow‐up period, the NMV‐r group demonstrated a reduced risk of any neuropsychiatric sequelae compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR], 0.634; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.604−0.667). In comparison with the control group, the patient treated with NMV‐r exhibited a markedly diminished risk of developing neurocognitive sequela (OR, 0.377; 95% CI, 0.325−0.439) and psychiatric sequela (OR, 0.629; 95% CI, 0.593−0.666). In addition, patients treated with NMV‐r had a significantly reduced risk of developing dementia (OR, 0.365; 95% CI, 0.255−0.522), depression (OR, 0.555; 95% CI, 0.503−0.612), insomnia (OR, 0.582; 95% CI, 0.508−0.668) and anxiety disorder (OR, 0.645 95% CI, 0.600−0.692). Moreover, the beneficial effect of NMV‐r on the neuropsychiatric sequelae was observed across further subgroup analyses. Among nonhospitalized COVID‐19 patients, who at risk of disease progression, the use of NMV‐r is associated with a reduction in the long‐term risk of neuropsychiatric sequela, including dementia, depression, insomnia and anxiety disorder. It may be necessary to re‐evaluate the use of NMV‐r, as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of severe acute disease and post‐acute adverse mental health outcomes.
A genetic‐algorithm‐based synthesis of microwave integrated distributed amplifiers
Authors: Metel Aleksandr , Dobush Igor , Kalentyev Alexey , Salnikov Andrei , Goryainov Aleksandr , Popov Artem 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article presents a genetic algorithm‐based technique for microwave integrated distributed amplifier synthesis. To speed‐up synthesis, only linear characteristics are used in the goal function. The technique uses MMIC foundry process design kit models providing manufacturing‐ready schematics to be found. The models from the process design kit are presented as S‐parameters again to enhance algorithm performance. The technique allows searching among most of the existing schematics of the microwave distributed amplifier but is not limited to typical topologies. The section number is theoretically unlimited and makes it possible to find principally new circuit topology. The synthesis shortens and simplifies the distributed amplifier design time. Experimental validation of the technique is carried out by synthesizing the broadband driver stage for the 20–30 GHz buffer amplifier. The technique produces several amplifier topologies meeting the requirements. The most appropriate circuit was manufactured using a commercial 0.25 μm GaAs pHEMT process. The manufactured buffer amplifier demonstrates a gain of 10 dB and 20 dBm output power at a 1 dB compression point.
Analysis of risk factors for early crestal bone loss in osseointegrated, submerged implants prior to restoration
Authors: Shah Bansari , Dukka Himabindu , Alhachache Sara , Hill Margaret , Cheng GuoLiang , Sekula Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the etiology behind bone loss around submerged, prosthetically nonloaded implants is still limited. The long‐term stability and success of implants with early crestal bone loss (ECBL), especially when placed as two‐stage implants, is uncertain. Hence, the aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the potential patient‐level, tooth‐ and implant‐related factors for ECBL around osseointegrated, submerged implants, before restoration as compared with healthy implants with no bone loss.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from patient electronic health records between 2015 and 2022. Control sites included healthy implants with no bone loss and test sites included implants with ECBL, both of which were submerged. Patient, tooth and implant level data were collected. ECBL was assessed using periapical radiographs obtained during implant placement and second‐stage surgeries. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models were used to account for multiple implants within patients.ResultsThe total number of implants included in the study was 200 from 120 patients. Lack of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) was shown to have nearly five‐times higher risk of developing ECBL and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures before implant placement had a protective effect with an odds ratio of 0.29 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsLack of SPT was significantly associated with ECBL, while sites that received GBR procedures prior to implant placement were less likely to exhibit ECBL. Our results underscore the importance of periodontal treatment and SPT for peri‐implant health, even when the implants are submerged and unrestored.
The effect of smoking on clinical and biochemical early healing outcomes of coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Taş Duygu , Kurgan Şivge , Güney Zeliha , Serdar Muhittin A. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the effects of smoking on early (≤3 months) clinical outcomes and relevant molecular biomarkers following root coverage surgery.MethodsEighteen smokers and 18 nonsmokers, status biochemically verified, with RT1 gingival recession defects were recruited and completed study procedures. All patients received coronally advanced flap plus connective tissue graft. Baseline and 3 month recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), keratinized tissue width (KTW), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival phenotype (GP) were recorded. Root coverage (RC) percentage and complete root coverage (CRC) were calculated. Recipient (gingival crevicular fluid) and donor (wound fluid) site VEGF‐A, HIF‐1α, 8‐OHdG, and ANG levels were determined.ResultsThere were no significant intergroup differences for any baseline or postoperative clinical parameters (P > 0.05), except for whole mouth gingival index (increased in nonsmokers at 3 months; P < 0.05). Compared to baseline, RD, RW, CAL, KTW, and GP significantly improved postoperatively, without significant intergroup differences. There were no significant intergroup differences for RC (smokers = 83%, nonsmokers = 91%, P = 0.069), CRC (smokers = 50%, nonsmokers = 72%, P = 0.177), and CAL gain (P = 0.193). The four biomarker levels significantly increased postoperatively (day 7; P ≤ 0.042) in both groups and returned to baseline (day 28) without significant intergroup differences (P > 0.05). Similarly, donor site parameters were not different between groups. Strong correlations, consistent over time, were found between biomarkers implicated in angiogenesis (VEGF‐A, HIF‐1α, and ANG).ConclusionsThe early (3 month) clinical and molecular changes after root coverage surgery utilizing a coronally advanced flap plus connective tissue graft are similar between smokers and nonsmokers.
Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of volatile components in Chinese honey of six botanical origins using headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang Dongshuang , Wen Haosong , Zhou Yaxuan , Wang Taohong , Jia Guangqun , Cui Zongyan , Li Adan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHoney aroma is one of its most important properties and it depends on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile compounds. The volatile profile of honey could reveal its botanical origin to avoid a false characterization. Thus, it is of great significance to honey authentication. This study developed and validated a headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of 34 volatile components in honey. The developed method was applied to 86 honey samples from six different botanical origins, including linden honey, rape honey, jujube honey, vitex honey, lavender honey and acacia honey.ResultsThe volatile fingerprints and quantitative results were simultaneously obtained by using the full scan and selected ion monitoring (SCAN+SIM) MS scanning mode. The limits of quantification (LOQs) and limits of detection (LODs) of 34 volatile compounds were in the ranges of 1–10 ng/g and 0.3–3 ng/g, respectively. And the spiked recoveries ranged between 70.6% and 126.2%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) not higher than 45.4%. A total of 98 volatile compounds were found with relative contents determined, and the 34 volatile compounds were determined with absolute concentrations. Based on the volatile fingerprints and the contents of volatile compounds, honey samples from six botanical origins were well classified by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least‐squares discrimination analysis.ConclusionsThe HS‐SPME‐GC–MS method was successfully applied to achieve the volatile fingerprints of six types of honey and to quantitatively analyze 34 volatile compounds with satisfying sensitivity and accuracy. Chemometrics analysis showed significant correlations between honey types and volatiles. These results reveal the characteristics of volatile compounds in six types of unifloral honey and provide some supports for honey authentication. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on peelability and quality of crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Shen LingWei , Qiu WenXing , Du Liu , Zhou Mingzhu , Qiao Yu , Wang Chao , Wang Lan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeeling of crayfish is a very important process in production. Crayfish peeling by machine can increase production efficiency and enhance safety in the production process. The tight muscle–shell attachment causes difficulty in peeling freshly caught crayfish. However, few studies have explored the changes in crayfish quality under favorable shell‐loosening treatments.RESULTSIn this study, the shell‐loosening properties of crayfish and changes in crayfish quality, microstructure and protein fluorescent features were investigated after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment. New methods were established to measure the peeling performance of crayfish, which are peelability and meat yield rate (MYR). The normalization of peelability and MYR were verified by different weights of crayfish tails and different treatments. The peeling effect of HHP‐treated crayfish was evaluated by a new quantitative measurement method, and MYR was calculated. The results showed that all the HHP treatments reduced crayfish peeling work and increased MYR. The HHP treatment provided better crayfish quality in terms of texture and color and enlarged the shell‐loosening gap. Among all HHP treatments, 200 MPa treatment exhibited lower peeling work, higher MYR and an expansion of the shell‐loosening gap, reaching up to 573.8 μm. At the same time, 200 MPa treatment could maintain crayfish quality.CONCLUSIONThe findings outlined above suggest that high pressure is a promising method for loosening crayfish shells. 200 MPa is an optimal HHP treatment condition for crayfish peeling, exhibiting a promising application in industrial processing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Surgical treatment of stage IV gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: Experience and outcomes in the United States
Authors: Kerekes Daniel , Frey Alexander , Bakkila Baylee , Kunstman John W. , Khan Sajid A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgery for metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (GEP‐NEC) has not been well‐studied. This retrospective cohort study describes patients in the United States with stage IV GEP‐NEC and their survival outcomes segregated by surgery.MethodsPatients diagnosed with stage IV GEP‐NEC from 2004 to 2017 in the National Cancer Database were categorized into three groups: no surgery, primary site or metastatic site (“single‐site”) surgery, and primary site and metastatic site (“multisite”) surgery. Factors associated with surgical treatment were identified, and risk‐adjusted overall survival of each group was compared.ResultsOf 4171 patients included, 958 (23.0%) underwent single‐site surgery and 374 (9.0%) underwent multisite surgery. The strongest predictor of surgery was primary tumor type. Compared with no surgery, the risk‐adjusted mortality reduction associated with single‐site surgery ranged from 63% for small bowel (HR = 0.37, 0.23–0.58, p < 0.001) NEC to 30% for colon and appendix NEC (HR = 0.70, 0.61–0.80, p < 0.001), while the mortality reduction associated with multisite surgery ranged from 77% for pancreas NEC (HR = 0.23, 0.17–0.33, p < 0.001) to 48% for colon and appendix NEC (HR = 0.52, 0.44–0.63, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe observed an association between extent of surgical intervention and overall survival for patients with stage IV GEP‐NEC. Surgical resection should be further investigated as a treatment option for highly‐selected patients with this aggressive disease.