bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical Bicyclization of 2‐Cyanoaryl Acrylamides with Dicumyl Peroxide
Authors: Fan Tai‐Gang , Ding Xue‐Ling , Sun Bo‐Xun , Hou Yu‐Jian , Jiang Bo , Wang Xu‐Nan , Li Ya‐Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA radical bicyclization of 2‐cyanoaryl acrylamides with dicumyl peroxide has been developed for constructing a broad spectrum of benzo[h]naphtho[1,8‐bc][1,6]naphthyridine. This reaction allows the formation of three new chemical bonds through addition of methyl radical across alkene double bond, intramolecular addition of carbon‐centered radical to cyano group and cyclization of the iminyl radical cascade, and features simple reaction system and wide substrate scope.magnified image
DNA Nanogel for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaonong , Yan Wei , Song Zhengwei , Asif Sabahat , Hussain Irshad , Xiao Chunsheng , Chen Xuesi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDNA nanogel exhibits properties of both the DNA and hydrogel, for example, remarkable biocompatibility, programmability, high drug loading capacity, and rapid stimuli‐responsive nature to microenvironment, which make it a potential ideal carrier for drug and gene delivery. In this review, DNA nanogels are categorized into two types, that is, rolling circle amplification‐based nanogel and hybridization‐based nanogel. Construction methods, design ideas for different functions, and applications in chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy of nanogels are discussed. It is believed that this review will help readers to have a deeper understanding of the basic design strategies of DNA nanogels for specific targeting, loading of various anticancer agents, and stimuli‐responsive degradation of nanogels for the controlled release of drugs, which will ultimately help to design more effective delivery system for better therapeutic effects. It is very likely that DNA nanogel, as an intelligent drug carrier, will play a greater role in cancer treatment in future.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Ferroelectric with Low Lead Content, a High Curie Temperature, and a High Piezoelectric Response
Authors: Rowe Thomas , Richtik Brooke N. , Dolgos Michelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new solid solution (1−x)Bi(Fe2/8Ti3/8Mg3/8)O3–(x)PbTiO3 (BFTM‐PT) is synthesized and the electromechanical properties are measured. This system is defined as a low‐lead material with ferroelectric/piezoelectric behavior and a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) that leads to enhanced properties. The MPB is located between x = 0.30 and 0.35 and coincides with a structural phase transition and a sharp increase in the piezoelectric response. The system demonstrates ferroelectric hysteresis where x = 0.325 displays the best properties with a maximum polarization of 39 µC cm−2 and a remnant polarization of 26 µC cm−2. The range of compositions has high Curie temperature (Tc), ranging from 625–650 °C. Materials with a Tc above 400 °C typically have a low d33 of <50 pC N−1 at room temperature. However, BFTM‐PT has a higher d33 that most other compositions with a Tc in this range, with the highest being 145 pC N−1 for x = 0.375. The d33 drops off above 100 °C, but doping studies can be done in the future to stabilize the piezoelectric response at higher temperatures. These outstanding properties open the possibility of new transducer applications, in particular ones requiring high temperature and high power.
Growth, nodulation, production, and physiology of leguminous plants in integrated production systems
Authors: de Freitas Igor C. , Ferreira Evander A. , Alves Matheus A. , de Oliveira Jaqueline C. , Frazão Leidivan A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChoosing the species suitable for cultivation in intercropped systems is a critical limiting factor for grain and forage production. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, nodulation, production, and physiology of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and guandu bean (Cajanus cajan) intercropped with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) in an integrated production system. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously, arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme. The first factor consisted of the use of two integrated production systems. The second factor consisted of four distances (2, 4, 6, and 8 m) from the eucalyptus planting rows. In the first experiment, crop–forest systems (CFIS: eucalyptus trees and cowpea) and crop–livestock–forest systems (CLFIS: eucalyptus trees, cowpea, and buffel grass) were evaluated. In the second, livestock–forest systems LFIS1 (eucalyptus trees and guandu bean) and LFIS2 (eucalyptus trees, guandu bean, and buffel grass) were evaluated. In cowpea, nodulation was not influenced by production systems and distances, whereas in guandu bean, there was a reduction in the nodules’ number and dry mass with the distance from the trees. Higher growth, biomass production, and photosynthetic activity of cowpea and guandu bean were observed with the increasing distance from the eucalyptus planting rows. However, cowpea increased the 100‐seed weight at 2 and 4 m distances from the eucalyptus rows, improving the grains’ quality close to the trees. The simultaneous cultivation with buffel grass did not affect the leguminous plant yield, promoting greater diversification and increasing the total biomass production of the intercropping.
Unmanned aerial system and satellite: Which one is a better platform for monitoring of the peanut crops?
Authors: Costa Souza Jarlyson Brunno , Luns Hatum de Almeida Samira , Lopes de Brito Filho Armando , Morlin Carneiro Franciele , Santos Adão Felipe dos , da Silva Rouverson Pereira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRemote sensing tools are helpful in monitoring and managing crop production. However, each remote sensing technology responds to crop variability differently. In this way, the objective of this work was to compare sensors on airborne and orbital platforms and to observe which one has the best quality to determine the behavior of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop variability. The experimental design followed the premises of the statistical quality control (SQC), with samples collected over time. The experimental area was composed of 30 sampling points spaced every 50 m. The multispectral images were acquired with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) consisting of a DJI Matrice quad‐copter and a Micasense RedEdge multispectral camera and with the PlanetScope multispectral imaging satellites. It was verified that in all periods evaluated for spectral bands and vegetation indices (VI), satellite images presented better process quality. The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) generated from satellite images were able to detect the peanut maturation variation better. The behavior of the bands and the VIs generated from the Planet images show quality for peanut crop monitoring. While UAS showed sensitivity to detect the saturation of the bands, making it difficult to visualize the temporal variability.
Innovative vaccine packaging technologies: Perspectives on benefits and challenges of compact prefilled auto‐disable devices and polymer containers
Authors: Pagliusi Sonia , Jarrett Stephen W. , Park Rachel , Bramanti Yudha , Menon Ravi , Jarrahian Courtney , Frivold Collrane , Yang Lingjiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVaccine packaging innovations have a potential impact on the supply chain, as well as acceptability and uptake by users. To better understand recent developments in packaging innovations, we assessed the benefits and challenges of compact pre‐filled auto‐disable devices (CPADs), polymer‐based primary containers (or vials), and dual‐chamber delivery devices. These packaging innovations have clear public health benefits related to ease of use, improved safety, supply logistics, and uptake enabling new vaccination opportunities. In addition, there seems to be high acceptability from users at country‐level. However, uncertain costs including the impact on distribution and cold chain storage have hampered demand and consequently commercialization. For innovations to reach those who can benefit most, global stakeholders should place greater attention on new packaging technologies and assess the trade‐offs between safety, coverage, uptake, ease of administration, wastage and costs.
Vanadium Oxides with Amorphous‐Crystalline Heterointerface Network for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Song Yu , Wang Jing , Lin Yulai , Meng Jianming , Cui Weibin , Liu Xiao‐Xia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous Zn‐VOxbatteries are attracting attention in large scale energy storage applications. Yet, the sluggish Zn2+diffusion kinetics and ambiguous structure–property relationship are always challenging to fulfil the great potential of the batteries. Here we electrodeposit vanadium oxide nanobelts (VO‐E) with highly disordered structure. The electrode achieves high capacities (e.g., ≈5 mAh cm−2, 516 mAh g−1), good rate and cycling performances. Detailed structure analysis indicates VO‐E is composed of integrated amorphous‐crystalline nanoscale domains, forming an efficient heterointerface network in the bulk electrode, which accounts for the good electrochemical properties. Theoretical calculations indicate that the amorphous‐crystalline heterostructure exhibits the favorable cation adsorption and lower ion diffusion energy barriers compared to the amorphous and crystalline counterparts, thus accelerating charge carrier mobility and electrochemical activity of the electrode.
Supramolecular Enhancement of Charge Transport through Pillar[5]arene‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Zhou Siyuan , Zhao Qi , Chen Yi , Qi Pan , Zhang Yongkang , Wang Lu , Guo Cunlan , Chen Shigui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntermolecular charge transport is one of the essential modes for modulating charge transport in molecular electronic devices. Supermolecules are highly promising candidates for molecular devices because of their abundant structures and easy functionalization. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to enhance charge transport through pillar[5]arene self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) by introducing cationic guests. The current density of pillar[5]arene SAMs can be raised up to about 2.1 orders of magnitude by inserting cationic molecules into the cavity of pillar[5]arenes in SAMs. Importantly, we have also observed a positive correlation between the charge transport of pillar[5]arene‐based complex SAMs and the binding affinities of the pillar[5]arene‐based complexation. Such an enhancement of charge transport is attributed to the efficient host–guest interactions that stabilize the supramolecular complexes and lower the energy gaps for charge transport. This work provides a predictive pattern for the regulation of intermolecular charge transport in guiding the design of next generation switches and functional sensors in supramolecular electronics.
Enhancing design thinking in engineering students with project‐based learning
Authors: Jiang Cuiling , Pang Yilin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModern society requires increasing creative talents. As an educational concept, design thinking (DT) has been successfully applied in education to foster innovation. However, educational research on improving the engineering design ability of engineering students through the design process and practice is limited. Research has shown that project‐based learning (PBL) is an effective engineering education method. This research integrates DT and PBL (DT–PBL) in teaching the course “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Basic Algorithm Training” and discusses the teaching method and implementation of DT–PBL in detail through an example of a comprehensive training project of software and hardware collaboration based on a convolutional neural network and Raspberry Pi. This study considers the impact of DT–PBL on engineering students in terms of learning motivation and creativity using the pretest and posttest mixed method. Data analysis of quantitative tests and qualitative interviews shows that (1) The experimental group is superior to the comparison group in terms of overall learning motivation. Through a comprehensive training project of software and hardware collaboration, students can reflect on the required professional knowledge and skills, and improve their DT, engineering application, and innovation abilities and (2) The experimental group was superior to the comparison group in terms of overall creativity (adventure, curiosity, imagination, and challenge). Students in the experimental group can think more quickly and put forth more creative ideas from the perspective of user needs.
Diversification of Indoles and Pyrroles by Molecular Editing: New Frontiers in Heterocycle‐to‐Heterocycle Transmutation
Authors: Liu Fernanda , Anand Lakshita , Szostak Michal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSkeletal editing via single‐atom insertion reactions involving nitrogen heterocycles have been reported by two innovative and complementary methods for the conversion of pyrroles and indoles to pyridines, quinolines and quinazolines. The use of electrophilic carbonyl cation equivalents and in situ generated nitrenes enables molecular editing to transform heterocycles forming the foundation of best‐selling pharmaceuticals. Considering the importance of heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, biology and natural products, these methods offer innovative approach to complex molecular structures by heterocycle diversification and peripheral editing.
Enhanced conditional random field‐long short‐term memory for name entity recognition in English texts
Authors: Bhumireddypalli Veera Sekhar Reddy , Koppula Srinivas Rao , Koppula Neeraja 
Published: February 2023

SummaryNamed entity recognition (NER) is an essential topic in the real world during the advanced development of technologies. Hence, in this article, develop enhanced conditional random field‐long short‐term memory (ECRF‐LSTM) for NER in the English language. The proposed ECRF‐LSTM is the combination of conditional random field‐long short‐term memory (ECRF‐LSTM) and chaotic arithmetic optimization algorithm (CAOA). The proposed research concentrated to perform NER for Indian names from the given input database for Indian digital database management and processing. The Chaotic AOA leads to fast convergence and helps to avoid the local optima. The proposed method is working with three phases preprocessing phase, the feature extraction phase, and the NER phase. In the initial stage, the datasets are collected from the online system. In the preprocessing phase, the removal of the URL, removal of special symbol, username removal, tokenization, and stop word removal are done. After that, the essential features such as domain weight, event weight, textual similarity, spatial similarity, temporal similarity, and relative document‐term frequency difference are extracted and then applied to train the proposed model. To empower the training phase of the CRF‐LSTM method, CAOA is utilized to select optimal weight parameter coefficients of CRF‐LSTM for training the model parameters. The proposed method is validated by statistical measurements and compared with the conventional methods such as convolutional neural network‐particle swarm optimization and convolutional neural network respectively. The proposed method achieves 98.91 accuracy, 97.36 sensitivity, 97.19 specificity, 97.54 precision, and 97.63 recall which is better than the existing methodologies.
High risk of renal outcome of metabolic syndrome independent of diabetes in patients with CKD stage 1–4: The ICKD database
Authors: Lin Hugo Y.‐H. , Chang Li‐Yun , Niu Sheng‐Wen , Kuo I‐Ching , Yen Chia‐Hung , Shen Feng‐Ching , Chen Phang‐Lang , Chang Jer‐Ming , Hung Chi‐Chih 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) could predict renal outcome in patients with established chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and MethodsWe enroled 2500 patients with CKD stage 1–4 from the Integrated CKD care programme, Kaohsiung for delaying Dialysis (ICKD) prospective observational study. 66.9% and 49.2% patients had MetS and diabetes (DM), respectively. We accessed three clinical outcomes, including all‐cause mortality, RRT, and 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate events.ResultsThe MetS score was positively associated with proteinuria, inflammation, and nutrition markers. In fully adjusted Cox regression, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) of MetS for composite renal outcome (renal replacement therapy, and 50% decline of renal function) in the DM and non‐DM subgroups was 1.56 (1.15–2.12) and 1.31 (1.02–1.70), respectively, while that for all‐cause mortality was 1.00 (0.71–1.40) and 1.27 (0.92–1.74). Blood pressure is the most important component of MetS for renal outcomes. In the 2 by 2 matrix, compared with the non‐DM/non‐MetS group, the DM/MetS group (HR: 1.62 (1.31–2.02)) and the non‐DM/MetS group (HR: 1.33 (1.05–1.69)) had higher risks for composite renal outcome, whereas the DM/MetS group had higher risk for all‐cause mortality (HR: 1.43 (1.09–1.88)).ConclusionsMetS could predict renal outcome in patients with CKD stage 1–4 independent of DM.
Winter connectivity and leapfrog migration in a migratory passerine
Authors: Rueda‐Hernández Rafael , Bossu Christen M. , Smith Thomas B. , Contina Andrea , Canales del Castillo Ricardo , Ruegg Kristen , Hernández‐Baños Blanca E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTechnological advances in migratory tracking tools have revealed a remarkable diversity in migratory patterns. One such pattern is leapfrog migration, where individuals that breed further north migrate to locations further south. Here, we analyzed migration patterns in the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) using a genetic‐based approach. We started by mapping patterns of genetic variation across geographic space (called a genoscape) using 386 individuals from 25 populations across the breeding range. We then genotyped an additional 230 samples from 31 migration stopover locations and 178 samples from 16 wintering locations to map patterns of migratory connectivity. Our analyses of genetic variation across the breeding range show the existence of four genetically distinct groups within the species: Eastern, Southwestern, Louisiana, and Central groups. Subsequent assignment of migrating and wintering birds to genetic groups illustrated that birds from the Central group migrated during the fall via western Mexico or southern Texas, spent the winter from northeastern Mexico to Panama, and migrated north via the Gulf Coast of Mexico. While Louisiana birds overlapped with Central birds on their spring migratory routes along the Gulf Coast, we found that Louisiana birds had a more restricted wintering distribution in the Yucatan Peninsula and Central America. Further estimation of the straight‐line distance from the predicted breeding location to the wintering location revealed that individuals sampled at lower winter latitudes traveled to greater distances (i.e., the predicted breeding area was further north; p > .001), confirming that these species exhibit a leapfrog migration pattern. Overall, these results demonstrate the utility of a genoscape‐based approach for identifying range‐wide patterns of migratory connectivity such as leapfrog migration with a high degree of clarity.
Tropical bat ectoparasitism in continuous versus fragmented forests: A gap analysis and preliminary meta‐analysis
Authors: Heckley Alexis M. , Becker Daniel J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTropical regions are experiencing rapid rates of forest fragmentation, which can have several effects on wildlife, including altered parasite dynamics. Bats are a useful host group to consider the effects of fragmentation, because they are abundant in the tropics, serve important ecological roles, and harbor many parasites. Nevertheless, research on the effects of fragmentation on bat ectoparasites is still limited. To help guide ongoing and future research efforts, this study had two objectives: (1) conduct a gap analysis to characterize the state of currently available research on fragmentation effects on bat ectoparasites and (2) conduct a preliminary meta‐analysis to identify current trends. We systematically highlighted several research gaps: Studies comparing the effects of fragmented versus continuous forests on ectoparasites are limited and have primarily been conducted in the Neotropics, with a focus on bats in the superfamily Noctilionidea (especially frugivorous phyllostomids). Our preliminary meta‐analysis suggested that ectoparasite prevalence (but not the mean or variance in intensity) was higher in fragments than in continuous forests. Moreover, prevalence increased with increasing roost duration, and mean intensity was higher for bats with higher wing aspect ratios. Intensity variance was affected by an interaction between forest type and wing aspect ratio, such that variance increased for bats with high‐wing aspect ratios in continuous forests but decreased in fragments. These results suggest that fragmentation can shape aspects of bat ectoparasitism and could have implications for the ecology, health, and conservation of bats in fragmented landscapes. However, existing research gaps could bias our current understanding of habitat change and bat health, and future research should thus investigate these effects in the Paleotropics and with other bat families.
The grammar of monitoring and enforcement mechanisms in international conservation: A comparative institutional analysis of four treaty regimes
Authors: Brady Ute 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOf enduring interest to social scientists is better understanding institutional design. Formal institutions (e.g., treaties and regulations) convey salient governance information, including actors' required, allowed, or prohibited actions, and monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to foster institutional compliance with those actions. Yet, few studies have compared these features in international instruments. Addressing this gap, this study utilizes the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework's rule typology and the Institutional Grammar (IG) to compare the stringency and robustness of the formal monitoring and enforcement mechanisms outlined in four conservation treaties: The International Convention on the Regulation of Whaling; the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, the Convention on Migratory Species, and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Doing so revealed the mechanisms' theoretical ability to manage species' appropriation levels and treaty opt‐outs (e.g. reservations/objections), thwart biodiversity losses, and meet their conservation objectives. Findings include (1) identification of verbs and semantic constraints that dilute legally mandated actions to recommended outcomes; (2) a divide among treaty regimes by specificity of the required/permitted/recommended actions assigned to actors; and (3) enforcement mechanisms that require member states to take punitive action against non‐compliant national actors vis‐a‐vis regimes with minimal to no enforcement requirements. This study complements existing institutional design, international relations, and legal scholarship by illustrating the IG's and IAD's utility to describe the treaties' formal monitoring and enforcement design features. It also provides a better understanding of formal international conservation governance which may be useful to policy designers and conservation practitioners.