bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COPD in Africa: risk factors, hospitalisation, readmission and associated outcomes—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Njoku Chidiamara Maria , Hurst John R , Kinsman Leigh , Balogun Saliu , Obamiro Kehinde 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThis review aims to synthesise available evidence on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), associated risk factors, hospitalisations and COPD readmissions in Africa.MethodUsing the Met-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies guideline, electronic databases were searched from inception to 1 October 2021. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Evidence from retrieved articles was synthesised, and a random-effect model meta-analysis was conducted. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO.ResultsThirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, with 13 included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of COPD varied between the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2%–24%), American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (1%–17%) and Medical Research Council chronic bronchitis (2%–11%) criteria, respectively. Increasing age, wheezing and asthma were consistent risk factors for COPD from studies included in the narrative synthesis. Our meta-analysis indicated that prior tuberculosis ((OR 5.98, 95% CI 4.18 to 8.56), smoking (OR 2.80, 95% CI: 2.19 to 3.59) and use of biomass fuel (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.67)) were significant risk factors for COPD. Long-term oxygen therapy (HR 4.97, 95% CI (1.04 to 23.74)) and frequent hospitalisation (≥3 per year) (HR 11.48, 95% CI (1.31 to 100.79)) were risk factors associated with 30-day COPD readmission.ConclusionThis study not only highlights specific risk factors for COPD risk in Africa but also demonstrates the paucity and absence of research in several countries in a continent with substantial COPD-related mortality. Our findings contribute towards the development of evidence-based clinical guidelines for COPD in Africa.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020210581.
Naturalistic E-Scooter Maneuver Recognition with Federated Contrastive Rider Interaction Learning
Authors: Tabatabaie Mahan , He Suining 
Published: January 2023

Smart micromobility, particularly the electric (e)-scooters, has emerged as an important ubiquitous mobility option that has proliferated within and across many cities in North America and Europe. Due to the fast speed (say, ~15km/h) and ease of maneuvering, understanding how the micromobility rider interacts with the scooter becomes essential for the e-scooter manufacturers, e-scooter sharing operators, and rider communities in promoting riding safety and relevant policy or regulations.
In this paper, we propose FCRIL, a novel Federated maneuver identification and Contrastive e-scooter Rider Interaction Learning system. FCRIL aims at: (i) understanding, learning, and identifying the e-scooter rider interaction behaviors during naturalistic riding (NR) experience (without constraints on the data collection settings); and (ii) providing a novel federated maneuver learning model training and contrastive identification design for our proposed rider interaction learning (RIL). Towards the prototype and case studies of FCRIL, we have harvested an NR behavior dataset based on the inertial measurement units (IMUs), e.g., accelerometer and gyroscope, from the ubiquitous smartphones/embedded IoT devices attached to the e-scooters. Based on the harvested IMU sensor data, we have conducted extensive data analytics to derive the relevant rider maneuver patterns, including time series, spectrogram, and other statistical features, for the RIL model designs. We have designed a contrastive RIL network which takes in these maneuver features with class-to-class differentiation for comprehensive RIL and enhanced identification accuracy. Furthermore, to enhance the dynamic model training efficiency and coping with the emerging micromobility rider data privacy concerns, we have designed a novel asynchronous federated maneuver learning module, which asynchronously takes in multiple sets of model gradients (e.g., based on the IMU data from the riders' smartphones) for dynamic RIL model training and communication overhead reduction. We have conducted extensive experimental studies with different smartphone models and stand-alone IMU sensors on the e-scooters. Our experimental results have demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of FCRIL in learning and recognizing the e-scooter rider maneuvers.
From SMT to ASP: Solver-Based Approaches to Solving Datalog Synthesis-as-Rule-Selection Problems
Authors: Bembenek Aaron , Greenberg Michael , Chong Stephen 
Published: January 2023

Given a set of candidate Datalog rules, the Datalog synthesis-as-rule-selection problem chooses a subset of these rules that satisfies a specification (such as an input-output example). Building off prior work using counterexample-guided inductive synthesis, we present a progression of three solver-based approaches for solving Datalog synthesis-as-rule-selection problems. Two of our approaches offer some advantages over existing approaches, and can be used more generally to solve arbitrary SMT formulas containing Datalog predicates; the third—an encoding into standard, off-the-shelf answer set programming (ASP)—leads to significant speedups (∼ 9× geomean) over the state of the art while synthesizing higher quality programs.
Our progression of solutions explores the space of interactions between SAT/SMT and Datalog, identifying ASP as a promising tool for working with and reasoning about Datalog. Along the way, we identify Datalog programs as monotonic SMT theories, which enjoy particularly efficient interactions in SMT; our plugins for popular SMT solvers make it easy to load an arbitrary Datalog program into the SMT solver as a custom monotonic theory. Finally, we evaluate our approaches using multiple underlying solvers to provide a more thorough and nuanced comparison against the current state of the art.
Kater: Automating Weak Memory Model Metatheory and Consistency Checking
Authors: Kokologiannakis Michalis , Lahav Ori , Vafeiadis Viktor 
Published: January 2023

The metatheory of axiomatic weak memory models covers questions like the
correctness of compilation mappings from one model to another and the
correctness of local program transformations according to a given model---topics
usually requiring lengthy human investigation.
We show that these questions can be solved by answering a
more basic question: "Given two memory models, is one weaker than the other?"
Moreover, for a wide class of axiomatic memory models, we show that this
basic question can be reduced to a language inclusion problem between regular
languages, which is decidable.
Similarly, implementing an efficient check for whether an execution graph is
consistent according to a given memory model has required non-trivial manual
effort. Again, we show that such efficient checks can be derived automatically
for a wide class of axiomatic memory models, and that incremental consistency checks
can be incorporated in GenMC, a state-of-the-art model checker for concurrent
programs. As a result, we get the first time- and space-efficient bounded
verifier taking the axiomatic memory model as an input parameter.
A Compositional Theory of Linearizability
Authors: Oliveira Vale Arthur , Shao Zhong , Chen Yixuan 
Published: January 2023

Compositionality is at the core of programming languages research and has become an important goal toward scalable verification of large systems. Despite that, there is no compositional account of linearizability, the gold standard of correctness for concurrent objects.In this paper, we develop a compositional semantics for linearizable concurrent objects. We start by showcasing a common issue, which is independent of linearizability, in the construction of compositional models of concurrent computation: interaction with the neutral element for composition can lead to emergent behaviors, a hindrance to compositionality. Category theory provides a solution for the issue in the form of the Karoubi envelope. Surprisingly, and this is the main discovery of our work, this abstract construction is deeply related to linearizability and leads to a novel formulation of it. Notably, this new formulation neither relies on atomicity nor directly upon happens-before ordering and is only possible because of compositionality, revealing that linearizability and compositionality are intrinsically related to each other.We use this new, and compositional, understanding of linearizability to revisit much of the theory of linearizability, providing novel, simple, algebraic proofs of the locality property and of an analogue of the equivalence with observational refinement. We show our techniques can be used in practice by connecting our semantics with a simple program logic that is nonetheless sound concerning this generalized linearizability.
From Undermining to Strengthening:
Authors: Klerk Bastiaan Ewoud 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Among the most pressing issues that remain unresolved in the process of negotiating a new international legally binding instrument (ILBI) on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) are the institutional arrangements, as they underpin the treaty as a whole. This article seeks to shed new light on the question of what institutional shape the ILBI should take, by closely analysing the pluralistic governance model that is reflected in the BBNJ Draft text and exploring its potential normative and institutional interactions with the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention), under which a vast network of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been put in place. The BBNJ ILBI has great potential to strengthen regional bodies in their endeavours to establish MPAs as opposed to ‘undermine’ them.
The Fifth Hilding Eek Memorial Lecture
Authors: Corell Hans 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rule of law can be defined as having four elements: (1) democracy; (2) proper legislation respecting international human rights standards; (3) the institutions to administer this law, including independent and impartial courts; and (4) the individuals with the integrity and the knowledge necessary to administer these institutions. The UN has come to an understanding that the rule of law is indispensable for international peace and security, for example in the resolution adopted by the General Assembly in 2012 entitled “Declaration of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the rule of law at the national and international levels”. The Security Council with its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security is the most powerful UN organ. A special responsibility weighs heavily upon high-level politicians in states members of the Council to contribute to establishing the rule of law at the national and international levels.
Early Modern Variations on the Theme of Complicity: How Jesuits Came to Be Linked with Regicide
Authors: McKenzie-McHarg Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the long history of anti-Jesuitism, the accusation that the Society of Jesus endorsed assassination and used it as a means to pursue its goals hardened into one of the recurring topoi that were repeatedly invoked to malign the order. However, the Society was clearly not born with this stigma. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how in the late sixteen and early seventeenth centuries an interplay of political events and doctrinal statements arose whose cumulative effect was to brand the Society with a reputation for approving the principle and abetting the practice of killing kings.
The Challenges to Prohibition: Opium Law, Opium Smuggling, and Chinese in the Philippines, 1910–1935
Authors: Ramos Dondy Pepito G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Opium was one of the issues that had to be resolved by the Americans upon their colonization of the Philippines. The debate on the potentialities of opium dates back to the Spanish colonial period, when the colonial government framed the opium issue as both economic and moral in nature. In the end, the economic potentialities of opium outweighed its moral repercussions because the Spanish colonial government allowed its regulated use among the Chinese. In contrast, the American officials in Manila crafted a progressive prohibitionist policy based on the recommendation of the investigative Opium Committee in 1905. In terms of opium in the Philippines, the majority of research has focused on the American policies on opium and their international consequences. This study focuses on the aftermath and challenges of the American prohibitionist policy from 1910 to 1935, particularly as they related to smuggling. Using archival documents such as annual reports from the governor-general of the Philippines and other government records, the paper aims to demonstrate how and in what ways opium was smuggled in the Philippines and to analyze the various motivations, reasons, and methods used by smugglers. Furthermore, the paper explores the involvement of the Chinese in various notable opium-related cases in the Philippines. I also argue that an increase in the smuggling of opium was an unwanted aftermath of the American prohibitionist policy. The present study hopes to contribute to the growing body of literature on narcotics, drug policies, and empire building.
Resilience and Survival in the Twentieth Century of a Chinese School in Iligan City, Philippines
Authors: Ngo Michael Anthony R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study explores the causal elements of resiliency and continuity in a Chinese school located on the southern island of the Philippines, Mindanao. Established by the Huaren community in Iligan City in the 1930s, the changing political, economic, and socio-cultural landscape of the country over the years since 1948 has brought about challenges and changes to the school. The presence of an “alien” minority whose: (1) commercial endeavors were perceived to be gaining control of the country’s economy, (2) strong cultural ties from their country of origin creates a degree of social separateness from the native population, and (3) political loyalty was questioned (as exemplified during the “Red Scare” Syndrome) were among the concerns that coincided with the resurgence of Filipino nationalism, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s. The passage of “nationalization” laws placed restrictions and curtailments on foreign control in the country, and the Chinese school in Iligan was not exempted from the measures instituted by the Philippine government. But despite such measures, the school has continued to serve its purpose as an academic institution that not only educates young minds with basic educational training but also contributes to the preservation of the Chinese language and culture in the community. It remains and continues to serve the community as the only foreign-language school in the city.
Moored Observations of the Currents and Transports of the Maluku Sea
Authors: Yin Xueli , Yuan Dongliang , Li Xiang , Wang Zheng , Li Yao , Corvianawatie Corry , Wardana Adhitya Kusuma , Surinati Dewi , Purwandana Adi , Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis , Budiman Asep Sandra , Bayhaqi Ahmad , Avianto Praditya , Kusmanto Edi , Santoso Priyadi Dwi , Dirhamsyah  , Arifin Zainal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The mean circulation and volume budgets in the upper 1200 m of the Maluku Sea are studied using multiyear current meter measurements of four moorings in the Maluku Channel and of one synchronous mooring in the Lifamatola Passage. The measurements show that the mean current in the depth range of 60–450 m is northward toward the Pacific Ocean with a mean transport of 2.07–2.60 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). In the depth range of 450–1200 m, a mean western boundary current (WBC) flows southward through the western Maluku Sea and connects with the southward flow in the Lifamatola Passage. The mean currents in the central-eastern Maluku Channel are found to flow northward at this depth range, suggesting an anticlockwise western intensified gyre circulation in the middle layer of the Maluku Sea. Budget analyses suggest that the mean transport of the intermediate WBC is 1.83–2.25 Sv, which is balanced by three transports: 1) 0.62–0.93 Sv southward transport into the Seram–Banda Seas through the Lifamatola Passage, 2) 0.97–1.01 Sv returning to the western Pacific Ocean through the central-eastern Maluku Channel, and 3) a residual transport surplus, suggested to upwell to the upper layer joining the northward transport into the Pacific Ocean. The dynamics of the intermediate gyre circulation are explained by the potential vorticity (PV) integral constraint of a semienclosed basin.

Significance Statement
The Indonesian Throughflow plays an important role in the global ocean circulation and climate variations. Existing studies of the Indonesian Throughflow have focused on the upper thermocline currents. Here we identify, using mooring observations, an intermediate western boundary current with the core at 800–1000-m depth in the Maluku Sea, transporting intermediate waters from the Pacific into the Seram–Banda Seas through the Lifamatola Passage. Potential vorticity balance suggests an anticlockwise gyre circulation in the intermediate Maluku Sea, which is evidenced by the mooring and model data. Transport estimates suggest northward countercurrent in the upper Maluku Sea toward the Pacific, supplied by the Lifamatola Passage transport and upwelling from the intermediate layer in the Maluku Sea. Our results suggest the importance of the intermediate Indonesian Throughflow in global ocean circulation and overturn. More extensive investigations of the Indo-Pacific intermediate ocean circulation should be conducted to improve our understanding of global ocean overturn and heat and CO2 storages.
The Good Behaviour Game: Maintaining students’ physical distancing in physical education classes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tounsi Olfa , Koubaa Abdessalem , Trabelsi Omar , Masmoudi Liwa , Mkaouer Bessem , Trabelsi Khaled , Jahrami Haitham , Clark Cain CT , Bahloul Mourad 
Published: January 2023

Background: Maintaining physical distancing is one of the most important steps to enforce in educational institutions to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. However, close proximity and physical contact between students are often considered ‘normal’ during physical education (PE) classes, making it challenging for PE teachers to ensure physical distancing. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the implementation of the Good Behaviour Game (GBG) in maintaining physical distancing in PE settings in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: In a quasi-experimental design, two groups were separately designated as an experimental group (20 classes involving 220 students) and a control group (20 classes involving 231 students). They were all enrolled in the eighth grade of the Tunisian education system. In the experimental group, the PE teacher managed physical distancing by administering the GBG. Physical distancing was evaluated by direct observation of videos of filmed PE sessions using a code grid. It was measured twice for the two groups using Kinovea software. Results: Quantitative data analyses showed that the level of maintaining physical distancing increased after the GBG intervention in the experimental group ( p < .001). Furthermore, greater percent changes between pre- and post-intervention were identified in the experimental group compared to the control group (120% vs 1%, respectively). Conclusion: The GBG was effective in ensuring students’ physical distancing when implemented in PE settings.
Health-Risk Behaviors and Experiences Among Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Adolescents in the United States, 2011-2019
Authors: Swaminath Meera , Clayton Heather B. , Lowry Richard , Hertz Marci F. , Underwood J. Michael 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Understanding the health-risk behaviors of racial and ethnic groups when disaggregated is an important step in improving the health outcomes of racial and ethnic minority groups. We compared national prevalence estimates for selected health-risk behaviors and experiences of Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) students with those of non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic students. Methods: We analyzed data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative survey of US high school students. To generate a sufficient sample of Asian American and NHPI students for analyses, we combined data from 5 survey administrations, conducted in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 (N = 73 074). We calculated the prevalence and 95% CIs; we analyzed data on Asian American and NHPI adolescents separately to unmask important differences. Results: Compared with students of other races and ethnicities, Asian American students had the lowest prevalence of alcohol use (16.7%) and marijuana use (10.3%). In contrast, NHPI students were more likely than Asian American students to participate in several health-risk behaviors and experiences, such as substance use (ranging from 4.8% for ever injecting an illegal drug to 31.5% for current alcohol use), having been in a physical fight (15.4%), and having been threatened or injured with a weapon (11.6%). Differential patterns in the prevalence of ever having missed school due to feeling unsafe among NHPI and Asian American students were observed among male and female students. Conclusion: Further disaggregating racial subgroups within broad categories of Asian American and NHPI populations may reveal differences from overall group prevalence, and additional strategies to identify these differences should be investigated.
Occupational therapists’ perspectives on an evidence-based, client-centered assistive technology intervention
Authors: Larsen Stina Meyer , Brandt Åse , Hounsgaard Lise , Kristensen Hanne Kaae 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Reviews within the field of assistive technology have shown that a client-centered approach is important for user satisfaction, and that assistive technology service delivery should be evidence-based, systematic, and structured. However, client-centered instruments and systematic, structured models are not used consistently. As part of a larger research project, an evidence-based, client-centered assistive technology service delivery process was developed and piloted. The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational therapists’ perspectives on this evidence-based, client-centered assistive technology intervention. Method: Ten occupational therapists, from two Danish municipalities, participated in focus groups. Data were analyzed based on a hermeneutic approach. Results: Three themes emerged from the analysis: a more refined collaboration with clients; advantages of using theoretical frameworks, structured models and instruments and challenges in using the intervention. Conclusion: By using the evidence-based, client-centered intervention, the occupational therapists found that the collaboration with the clients was refined—more emphasis was placed on shared responsibility. They found that the intervention was time-efficient in the long run; however, there seems to be a particular challenge in designing services that are inclusive of clients with cognitive limitations.