bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the Russian-language academic literature on university rankings and a global perspective
Authors: Kochetkov Dmitry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis year marks 10 years since the start of the Project 5top100. The key goal of the project was the entry of five Russian universities into the top 100 global university rankings; respectively, the rankings have firmly entered the Russian academic and public discourses. This article is aimed at answering the question of how university rankings are interpreted in Russia. We conducted a rigorous peer review of Russian-language academic literature. This part of Russian academic discourse is usually closed for international readership. We have reviewed 64 relevant articles and concluded that most Russian authors consider rankings in terms of competitiveness. Ranking methodology and interpretation are taken uncritically in this case. The review was also supplemented by a brief overview of the global perspective based on major statements in responsible research evaluation. This part of the literature suggests that university rankings should not be used in research evaluation. However, it is still not the case, unfortunately.
Real-time laser spot detection and tracking system based on parallel multi-target detection and determination algorithm
Authors: Cao Jia , Chen Yang , Yu De , Xu Zheng , Hu Xiaopin , Liang Yongjing , Pan Song , Wu Dawei 
Published: September 2023

Laser spot detection and tracking play a critical role in laser techniques. However, traditional detection and tracking systems tend to be bulky and lack portability. Therefore, there is a growing emphasis on developing high-performance and miniaturized systems based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA). In this paper, a novel parallel multi-target detection and determination algorithm is proposed to address the issue of current FPGA-based systems’ ineffective detection of laser spots in complex environments. Our simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can effectively detect laser spots in complex environments. It can process a frame with an 800 × 480 resolution in only 7.88 ms at a 50 MHz image processing frequency, which means it can process more than 100 f/s and meet the real-time detection requirements. Such excellent detection performance is challenging to achieve with central processing units and advanced RISC machine microprocessors. Then, the algorithm is further deployed on an FPGA to build a prototype laser spot detection and tracking system. Practical tests show that the system can achieve a spot detection accuracy of around 90% under different luminous intensities, indicating excellent robustness of the designed algorithm. Besides, with the use of a piezoelectric actuator, speedy and precise tracking of the laser spot is implemented. The characteristics of speedy response, self-latching in power off, and no electromagnetic interference of the piezoelectric actuator give the system tremendous advantages in developing high-precision wireless communication control technology, which further broadens the application of the proposed system.
Observations in quantum cosmology
Authors: Chataignier Leonardo , Kiefer Claus , Moniz Paulo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this review, we focus on whether a canonical quantization of general relativity can produce testable predictions for cosmology. In particular, we examine how this approach can be used to model the evolution of primordial perturbations. This program of quantum geometrodynamics, first advocated by John Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt, has a straightforward classical limit, and it describes the quantum dynamics of all fields, gravitational and matter. In this context, in which a classical background metric is absent, it is necessary to discuss what constitutes an observation. We first address this issue in the classical theory and then turn to the quantum theory. We argue that predictions are relational, that is, relative to physical clocks and rods, and that they can be straightforwardly obtained in a perturbative approach with respect to Newton’s constant, which serves as a coupling parameter. This weak-coupling expansion leads to a perturbative Hilbert space for quantum cosmology, and to corrections to the dynamics of quantum fields on a classical, fixed background metric. These corrections imply modifications of primordial power spectra, which may lead to signatures in the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation, for which we discuss concrete results. We conclude that the subject of quantum geometrodynamics, the oldest and most conservative approach to canonical quantum gravity, not only illuminates conceptual issues in quantum gravitation, but may also lead to observational prospects in cosmology and elsewhere.
Modeling thermoreflectance in Au and Ni from molecular dynamics
Authors: Malingre Maxime , Proville Laurent 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Experimental thermoreflectance measurements using femto-second laser irradiation (Hopkins et al 2011 J. Heat Transfer
133 044505) can be used to shed light on the electron-phonon coupling in metals through a selective excitation of electrons. In these experiments the energy transfer occurs at a time scale of pico-seconds which corresponds to the typical time scale of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However since the electron-phonon coupling is, generally, not taken into account in MD simulations, it is in principle not possible to model thermoreflectance as well as other properties related to electron-phonon coupling such as electric conductivity and thermal transport. Here we show that it is however possible to extend MD using a method proposed by Finnis, Agnew and Foreman (FAF) (Finnis et al 1991 Phys. Rev. B 44 567–74), originally implemented in order to account for electronic stopping power in particle irradiation. Although the FAF method was devoted to model high energy atomic displacements yielding local melt of the crystal, we have been able to reproduce pulsed-laser irradiation experiments at room temperature. Our computations were realized in both Au and Ni to exemplify the transferability of our results. The agreement between the calculations and the experimental results allowed us to discuss different theories for computing the amplitude of electron-phonon coupling and to select the more appropriate according to FAF. Our work paves the way to re-introduce the phenomenology of electric conductivity in MD simulations for metals.
Research on early fault feature extraction technology of aviation bearing based on noise estimation ITD
Authors: Ma Jianpeng , Li Zhen , Xia Changtao , Yu Qingjie , Zhan Liwei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Early indications of faults in aircraft bearings are frequently accompanied by excessive noise. To enhance the accuracy of signal decomposition, this study presents the ensemble noise-reconstructed intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ENITD) technique. In addition, a highly sensitive mode component selection method is suggested to attain the goal of improving the precision of fault feature extraction. The findings demonstrate that the ENITD approach is successful in addressing the mode mixing issue and enhancing the precision of fault feature extraction. Unlike established decomposition methods, the estimated noise is applied for denoising instead of incorporating white noise. Furthermore, the estimated noise can introduce diverse frequency signals to their corresponding proper rotation component (PRCs), aiding in resolving the mode mixing problem. This paper examines the efficacy of the ENITD approach for extracting early fault features in aircraft bearings using both simulated and experimental signals.
Demonstration of the refraction of magnetic field lines in a magnetic material
Authors: Grebenev I V , Kazarin P V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Teaching physics needs effective educational demonstrations for each important section, which allow organising intensive learning activity of students and confirming or substantiating the theory being studied. However, in a number of cases, such demonstrations are not available for purely technical reasons: the difficulty of organisation, the lack of instruments and materials suitable for conducting simple educational experiments. The impossibility to demonstrate the effect of refraction of magnetic field lines at the boundaries of magnets is due to the absence of materials with a convenient value of magnetic permeability μ of the order of several units. This article describes a simple method for obtaining material with an effective macroscopic value of μ
r ∼ 2 and provides the results of the related lecture demonstrations.
Content, interest and the role of engagement: experienced science teachers discuss
Authors: Abrahamsson Cristian , Malmberg Claes , Pendrill Ann-Marie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
How do science teachers perceive student engagement and its importance for teaching and what strategies do they use to create it? When 21 experienced science teachers in 4 focus groups discussed these questions, they brought up behavioural aspects, but also less visible emotional and cognitive aspects, as well as reciprocal aspects of teacher and student engagement. One teacher described engagement as ‘the oil in the machinery’ during lessons. Which role does the curricular content play? Well aware that some topics are seen as more directly interesting by students, teachers connect to these, but also use hooks, including lively demonstrations, role play and connections to the outside world. In this way, they aim to generate situational interest and engagement also in topics that are often viewed as less interesting, including atoms and molecules. These experienced teachers describe how they adapt their teaching to the group also in real time, based on the degree of engagement exhibited by the students.
The spinning toilet brush–a classroom experiment on the mechanical equivalent of Joule’s heat
Authors: Boczianowski Franz , Priemer Burkhard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although Joule’s experiment on the mechanical equivalent of heat is well known and discussed in many introductory physics courses and textbooks, we are not aware of any version of this experiment that can be set up by lecturers or teachers using standard laboratory equipment. To fill this gap, we present a setup quite similar to Joule’s original experiment and show what kind of quantitative results can be obtained with it. It will be shown that temperature control is a major challenge, making Joule’s work even more impressive.
Analysis and prediction of liver volume change maps derived from computational tomography scans acquired pre- and post-radiation therapy
Authors: Cazoulat Guillaume , Gupta Aashish C , Al Taie Mais M , Koay Eugene J , Brock Kristy K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) of liver cancers can cause local liver atrophy as a result of tissue damage or hypertrophy as a result of liver regeneration. Predicting those volumetric changes would enable new strategies for liver function preservation during treatment planning. However, understanding of the spatial dose/volume relationship is still limited. This study leverages the use of deep learning-based segmentation and biomechanical deformable image registration (DIR) to analyze and predict this relationship. Pre- and Post-EBRT imaging data were collected for 100 patients treated for hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiocarcinoma or CRC with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with prescription doses ranging from 50 to 100 Gy delivered in 10–28 fractions. For each patient, DIR between the portal and venous (PV) phase of a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scan acquired before radiation therapy (RT) planning, and a PV phase of a diagnostic CT scan acquired after the end of RT (on average 147 ± 36 d) was performed to calculate Jacobian maps representing volume changes in the liver. These volume change maps were used: (i): to analyze the dose/volume relationship in the whole liver and individual Couinaud’s segments; and (ii): to investigate the use of deep-learning to predict a Jacobian map solely based on the pre-RT diagnostic CT and planned dose distribution. Moderate correlations between mean equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) and volume change was observed for all liver sub-regions analyzed individually with Pearson correlation r ranging from −0.36 to −067. The predicted volume change maps showed a significantly stronger voxel-wise correlation with the DIR-based volume change maps than when considering the original EQD2 distribution (0.63 ± 0.24 versus 0.55 ± 23, respectively), demonstrating the ability of the proposed approach to establish complex relationships between planned dose and liver volume response months after treatment, which represents a promising prediction tool for the development of future adaptive and personalized liver radiation therapy strategies.
Atrial fibrillation detection with signal decomposition and dilated residual neural network
Authors: Li Yicheng , Xia Yong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) using electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings from wearable devices has been challenging due to factors such as low signal-to-noise ratio and the use of only one lead. The use of deep learning has become a popular approach to tackle this task. However, it has been observed that current methods based on deep neural networks tend to favor raw signals as input, disregarding the valuable clinical experience in ECG diagnosis. Approach. In this study, we proposed a novel feature extraction method that generates a pseudo QRS complex signal and a pseudo T, P wave signal for each raw ECG signal using a temporal mask built upon R peak detection. Then a novel dilated residual neural network was trained on the decomposed signal. Main results. We evaluated the performance of our method on the dataset of PhysioNet/CinC 2017 Challenge, achieving an average

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score of 0.843. The method was further tested on MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database, and an average

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score of 0.984 was obtained. Significance. Our proposed ECG signal decomposition technique introduces simple and reliable domain knowledge into deep neural networks, and the dilated residual network provides large and flexible receptive fields, thereby enhancing the performance in the detection of AF. Our method can be extended to many other tasks involving ECG signals.
(Slow-)twisting inflationary attractors
Authors: Christodoulidis Perseas , Rosati Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explore in detail the dynamics of multi-field inflationary models. We first revisit the two-field case and rederive the coordinate independent expression for the attractor solution with either small or large turn rate, emphasizing the role of isometries for the existence of rapid-turn solutions.
Then, for three fields in the slow-twist regime we provide elegant expressions for the attractor solution for generic field-space geometries and potentials and study the behaviour of first order perturbations. For generic 𝒩-field models, our method quickly grows in algebraic complexity. We observe that field-space isometries are common in the literature and are able to obtain the attractor solutions and deduce stability for some isometry classes of 𝒩-field models. Finally, we apply our discussion to concrete supergravity models. These analyses conclusively demonstrate the existence of 𝒩 > 2 dynamical attractors distinct from the two-field case, and provide tools useful for future studies of their phenomenology in the cosmic microwave background and stochastic gravitational wave spectrum.
Coordinating upper limbs for octave playing on the piano via neuro-musculoskeletal modeling
Authors: Wang Huijiang , Nonaka Tetsushi , Abdulali Arsen , Iida Fumiya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Understanding the coordination of multiple biomechanical degrees of freedom in biological organisms is crucial for unraveling the neurophysiological control of sophisticated motor tasks. This study focuses on the cooperative behavior of upper-limb motor movements in the context of octave playing on the piano. While the vertebrate locomotor system has been extensively investigated, the coherence and precision timing of rhythmic movements in the upper-limb system remain incompletely understood. Inspired by the spinal cord neuronal circuits (central pattern generator, CPG), a computational neuro-musculoskeletal model is proposed to explore the coordination of upper-limb motor movements during octave playing across varying tempos and volumes. The proposed model incorporates a CPG-based nervous system, a physiologically-informed mechanical body, and a piano environment to mimic human joint coordination and expressiveness. The model integrates neural rhythm generation, spinal reflex circuits, and biomechanical muscle dynamics while considering piano playing quality and energy expenditure. Based on real-world human subject experiments, the model has been refined to study tempo transitions and volume control during piano playing. This computational approach offers insights into the neurophysiological basis of upper-limb motor coordination in piano playing and its relation to expressive features.
Quantifying the relative contributions of climate change and ENSO to flood occurrence in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Shahab , Revel Menaka , Modi Prakat , Yamazaki Dai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to flood hazards, and its flood risk is projected to increase with global warming. In addition to climate change, internal climate variation, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), influences flooding in many rivers worldwide. However, the impact of internal climate variability on flooding in Bangladesh remains unclear due to the limited observations. Here, we assess the impacts of ENSO and climate change on flood occurrence in Bangladesh using a large-ensemble climate simulation dataset and a global river model (CaMa-Flood). After separating 6000 years of simulation (100-member ensemble river simulations for 1950–2010) into El Niño, La Niña, and neutral years, we calculated the extent to which each ENSO stage increased flood occurrence probability relative to the neutral state using the fraction of attributable risk method. In addition, we estimated the impact of historical climate change on past flood occurrence through a comparison of simulations with and without historical global warming. Under the no-global-warming climate, La Niña increased the occurrence probability of a 10 year return period flood at Hardinge Bridge on the Ganges River by 38% compared to neutral years. The influence of La Niña or El Niño state on flood occurrence probability in the Brahmaputra River at Bahadurabad station is negligible. Historical global warming increased the occurrence of flooding in the Ganges River, the Brahmaputra River, and their confluence by 59%, 44%, and 55%, respectively. The impact of ENSO on flood occurrence probability decreased in the historical simulation, likely due to the conflation of ENSO and climate change signals, and no significant correlation between ENSO and flood occurrence was detected when only small-ensemble simulations were used. These findings suggest that the use of large-ensemble climate simulation datasets is essential for precise attribution of the impacts of internal climate variability on flooding in Bangladesh.
Research advances in mechanisms of climate change impacts on soil organic carbon dynamics
Authors: Guo Yadong , Zeng Zhenzhong , Wang Junjian , Zou Junyu , Shi Zhou , Chen Songchao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Soil, as the largest terrestrial carbon pool, has garnered significant attention concerning its response to global warming. However, accurately estimating the stocks and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) remains challenging due to the complex and unclear influence mechanisms associated with biogeochemical processes in above- and belowground ecosystems, as well as technical limitations. Therefore, it is imperative to facilitate the integration of models and knowledge and promote dialogue between empiricists and modelers. This review provides a concise SOC turnover framework to understand the impact of climate change on SOC dynamics. It covers various factors such as warming, precipitation changes, elevated carbon dioxide, and nitrogen deposition. The review presents impact mechanisms from the perspective of organismal traits (plants, fauna, and microbes), their interactions, and abiotic regulation. Although valuable insights have been gained regarding SOC inputs, decomposition, and stabilization under climate change, there are still knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. In the future, it is essential to conduct systematic and refined research in this field. This includes standardizing the organismal traits most relevant to SOC, studying the standardization of SOC fractions and their resistance to decomposition, and focusing on the interactions and biochemical pathways of biological communities. Through further investigation of biotic and abiotic interactions, a clearer understanding can be attained regarding the physical protection, chemical stability, and biological driving mechanisms of SOC under climate change. This can be achieved by integrating multidisciplinary knowledge, utilizing novel technologies and methodologies, increasing in-situ experiments, and conducting long-term monitoring across multi-scales. By integrating reliable data and elucidating clear mechanisms, the accuracy of models can be enhanced, providing a scientific foundation for mitigating climate change.
Measuring Sloping Floor of Heritage Building Using Point Cloud Data from LiDAR Survey
Authors: Shahrin Muhammad Shahir bin , Said Shahrul Yani , Latif Zulkiflee Abd , Harun Siti Norlizaiha , Sulaiman Mohd Sabere 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Heritage building restoration and preservation work relies heavily on a thorough inspection of building condition survey. One of the building dilapidations that may occur in a heritage building, is sloping floor defect where the floor is uneven, or slanting towards a specific direction. In this case study, a sloping floor defect was identified at Ipoh Town Hall, Perak which require further investigation. Using conventional methods to survey the sloping floor in building surveying will require more time and manpower. Instead, this paper explores LiDAR scanning methods to measure and identify sloping floor defects. R programming techniques are applied to analyse the point cloud results from the LiDAR survey to assess the sloping floor defect in greater detail.