bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF MARKERS OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN CARDIO-VASCULAR RISK STRATIFICATION
Authors: Murkamilov I. T. , Aitbaev K. A. , Murkamilova Z. A. , Fomin V. V. , Raimzhanov Z. R. , Redzhapova N. A. , Yusupov F. A. , Aidarov Z. A. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of the study. To study the significance of cystatin C of blood plasma and its relationship with central arterial pressure and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in the stratification of cardiovascular risk.Materials and methods. A general clinical and laboratory examination of 206 patients aged 16 to 88 years was performed, of which men were 101 (49%), women - 105 (51%). The mean age of the examined subjects was 51.8±14.3 years. Lipid spectrum parameters [total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], cystatin C, plasma uric acid and fibrinogen were studied. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the F.J. Hoek et al. (2003) formula. To assess the central blood pressure, all patients underwent a contour analysis of the pulse wave on the AngioScan-01 (AngioScan-Electronics, Russia) and ultrasound examination of carotid artery (CA) on Vivid Q (USA). The type of research was single-step cross-sectional. Depending on the content of cystatin C of the blood plasma, all the examined subjects were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=62) consisted of patients with cystatin C concentration of up to 0.99 mg/l; group 2 (n=91) - from 1.0 mg/l to 1.5 mg/l; group 3 (n=53) - over 1.51 mg/l.Results. Patients with excessive body weight, stable angina, type 2 diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) significantly prevailed in group 3, in comparison with groups 1 and 2 (p<0.5). Mean levels of systolic and central blood pressure (BP) were significantly higher in patients from group 3 (p<0.05). In the same group, there was a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol level (p<0.05), an increase in TG concentration (p<0.05), and blood plasma uric acid (p<0.05), as well as CIMT. Statistically and clinically significant decrease in GFR and an increase in the level of cystatin C in blood plasma was noted both in groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Positive correlation between CIMT and the level of cystatin C of blood plasma (r=0.578, p<0.05) and negative correlation with the value of GFR (r=-0.556, p<0.05) were recorded among the patients of group 1. In group 2, strong correlation was observed between CIMT and the content of HDL cholesterol plasma (r=-0.343; p<0.05). A significant direct relationship between CIMT and systolic level (r=0.482, p<0.05) and central arterial pressure (r=0.479, p<0.05) was found in individuals from group 3.Conclusion. Studying the content of cystatin C of blood plasma in conjunction with determination of GFR is a priority for early diagnosis of renal dysfunction and assessment of cardiovascular disorders, providing stratification of groups of cardiovascular risk and subsequent implementation of preventive measures to reduce the level of total cardiovascular risk.
Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal a novel Torula (Pleosporales, Torulaceae) species from the plateau lakes in Yunnan, China
Authors: Luan Sha , Shen Hong-Wei , Bao Dan-Feng , Luo Zong-Long , Li Yun-Xia 
Published: August 2023

During an investigation into lignicolous freshwater fungi from the plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China, two fresh collections of Torula taxa were collected and examined morpholgically.
Torula luguhuensis is characterised by: conidiophores which are semi-macronematous mononematous, erect, septate, smooth, slightly flexuous and pale brown; conidiogenous cells which are holoblastic, mono- to polyblastic, integrated, terminal, terminal or intercalary in conidial chains, doliiform and pale brown; conidia which are branched chains, acrogenous, straight or slightly curved, dark brown to blackish, pale brown or subhyaline at apex, 1–3 septate, strongly constricted at the septa, verruculose or finely echinulate and rounded at both ends. A new species was introduced, based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF sequence data. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, with an updated phylogenetic tree depicting intergeneric relationships within the Torulaceae.
Towards FAIR Principles in Biodiversity Research: Enabling computable taxonomic descriptions and ecological data with Phenoscript
Authors: Tarasov Sergei , Montanaro Giulio , Losacco Federica , Porto Diego 
Published: August 2023

Taxonomic descriptions hold immense phenotypic data, but their natural language (NL) format poses challenges for computer analysis. In this talk, we will present Phenoscript, a user-friendly computer language enabling computer-readable species descriptions and automated phenotype comparisons, in accordance with FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles.
Phenoscript facilitates the creation of semantic species descriptions that represent a knowledge graph composed of terms from predefined biological ontologies. A Phenoscript description resembles a NL description, but follows a specific language grammar. We have developed the Phenospy package: a Python-based Phenoscript toolkit. Phenospy converts Phenoscript descriptions into both NL format, facilitating scientific publication, and the Web Ontology Language (OWL) format, enabling downstream analysis and computable phenotypic comparisons. OWL is a standard for sharing semantic data on the Web. While initially designed for phenotypes, Phenoscript can be extended to create semantic ecological data, encompassing environmental traits, functional traits, and species interactions. We will discuss the integration of species and ecological traits encoded in Phenoscript into downstream analysis, highlighting its potential for phenomic-level research in biology.
Clinical and laboratory study of corrosion resistance of a base dental alloy for selective laser melting
Authors: Tomova Zlatina , Chonin Atanas , Stoeva Iliyana , Vlahova Angelina 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: CAD/CAM technologies are becoming widely used for the production of metal ceramic dental restorations. Powder Co-based alloys are developed for selective laser melting. The corrosion resistance of the dental alloy affects the biocompatibility, functional suitability, and longevity of the prosthetic restoration.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the corrosion resistance of a cobalt-chromium dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns produced for selective laser melting technique in clinical and laboratory conditions.
Materials and methods: PFM crowns were made for 35 patients using CAD/CAM technology. The metal copings of the crowns were made of the EOS CobaltChrome SP2 alloy (EOS, Germany). Eocp measurements were conducted 2 hours and 7 days after fixing the restorations in oral cavity. The digital files of patients’ designed copings were used for the production of another 35 specimens, which were placed in artificial saliva. Eocp measurements were conducted after the same periods.
Results: In vitro studies showed high corrosion resistance after the short 2-hour stay. After 7 days in artificial saliva, the corrosion resistance became even higher probably due to strong passivation. In clinical conditions, Eocp values were slightly higher than the normal range 2 hours after fixing the crowns. Seven days after fixing, the Eocp values showed a decrease of corrosion resistance of the PFM crowns. The cause of the decrease may be interaction with other metal objects or specific conditions of the oral cavity.
Conclusions: The investigated alloy showed high corrosion resistance in in vitro settings. Clinical research revealed that PFM crowns had lower corrosion resistance. Further observation and research are required.
Lumbar disc herniation in children and elderly patients
Authors: Ovcharov Mladen E. , Mladenovski Milan N. , Mladenovski Igor N. , Valkov Iliya V. , Vasilkova Stanislava B. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation is a common pathology of young and middle-aged patients. Fissures and tears in the annulus fibrosus become weak points that facilitate herniation of the nucleus pulposus, especially when extreme forces ‘attack’ the intervertebral disc. A significant biomechanical force applied to a healthy (‘normal’) disc can have the same effect. Disc protrusions and herniations to varying degrees penetrate the spinal canal.
Aim: This study aims to present features of lumbar disc herniation in pediatric and elderly patients and evaluate them with respect to data reported in the literature.
Materials and methods: Five hundred eighty-nine patients were assessed, 64 of whom were children (0-18 years), and 98 were elderly patients (&gt;60 years). The operated patients were followed up for at least three years. All data were recorded at the regular follow-ups (at 1 and 3 months, and at 1 and 3 years after surgery). We used chi-square tests and directional measures to determine statistically significant data. Operative treatment in children and elderly patients was 28% (162) of our cohort’s total number of patients.
Results: Analyzing postoperative MacNaB, our result showed that children have 23.4% excellent and 76.6 good self-assessment, while in elderly patients, on the one hand, MacNaB used to be excellent or good in 78.5%, and on the other hand, 21.5% had fair or poor self-assessment (p&lt;0.05).
Conclusions: Long-term postoperative outcomes were worse in elderly patients than in children. This was mainly due to the poor status of the intervertebral discs according to the Phirman scale and the associated pathologies at other levels.
A convenient one pot synthesis, crystal structure and chemiluminescence of S,S-diphenyl ethanebis(thioate) compound
Authors: Li Ruiji , Fang Qi , Mou Bingzhao , Chen Minghui , Tang Qiwen , Shen Baojun , Wang Dong , Li Wei 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. A compound S,S-bis(2-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)phenyl) ethanebis(thioate) is synthesized through one-pot synthesis. The lithiation reaction of 3-bromo-2-methylbenzo[b]thiophene by using n-butyllithium, is followed by conversion to the corresponding organocopper compound, and subsequent reaction with oxalyl chloride to afford the target compound. The chemical structure of the final compound is well confirmed by NMR, HRMS and X-ray analysis. Meanwhile, the proposed reaction mechanism is fully discussed. Furthermore, the chemiluminescent reaction by using target compound to release light is also investigated. This work provides a convenient synthetic approach for obtaining S,S-diphenyl ethanebis(thioate) compound and broadening its application in chemiluminescence.

KEY WORDS: One pot synthesis, S,S-Diphenyl ethanebis(thioate) compound, Crystal structure, Reaction mechanism, Chemiluminescence
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1185-1191.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.11
Design and synthesis of indole-benzimidazole hybrid molecules and evaluation of their in-vitro cytotoxic activities
Authors: Hamza Sherif Salah , L.N. Murthy Y. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases worldwide, challenging the world for effective treatment of the diseases, to tackle this problem a vast amount of therapeutic candidates are being investigated. Indole-benzimidazole structures have recently gained considerable attention, because compounds containing these structure exhibit a very good anticancer property. Two series of novel indole-benzimidazole hybrids molecules viz., 2-(5-substituted-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-substituted-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 5(a-f) and 2-(5-substituted-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-substituted-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 6(a-f) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The twelve target molecules have been investigated for their in-vitro cytotoxic activity against human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV-3), human prostate cancer cells (PC-3), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) using MTT assay. Compound; 2-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (5e) was interesting with IC50 (μM) values of 23.69 (SKOV-3), 73.05 (PC-3), 64.66 (HeLa) and 39.08 (THP-1), respectively.

KEY WORDS: Indole, Benzimidazole, Hybrid molecules, Anticancer activity

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1209-1220.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.13
Production rate of heterocyclic compounds iodinated N-(p-chlorophenyl)-3,5- dimethyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2-thiazine
Authors: Ibrahim Hamadamin Shireen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. Iodinated heterocyclic molecules are crucial structural components of many natural products, including hormones, vitamins, and medicines. The pharmaceutical survey is very interested in the investigation of the kinetics of the iodination of N-(p-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2-thiazine. The rate of iodination is directly dependent on the concentration of both 1,2-thiazine and iodine under different molar ratios (1:10), (10:1) adopted on the isolation method, the observed rate of iodination, the pseudo-first-order and the second order using (1:1) molar ratio in the overall reaction using spectrophotometric techniques. Thermodynamic activation parameters activation energy Ea, enthalpy change ΔH#, entropy change ΔS#, and Gibbs free energy ΔG# of activation were calculated from the rate constant at temperatures 273, 283, 293, 303, and 318 K.

KEY WORDS: Production rate, 1,2-Thiazine, Iodine (I2), Kinetic
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1253-1262.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.16
Effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of organochlorine pesticides in water samples
Authors: Tesfaye Bereket , Girma Asere Tsegaye , Jilo Molole Guyo , Gure Abera 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. In this paper, effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of organochlorine pesticides in water samples before their determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method involves in-situ generation of CO2 bubbles to induce dispersion of the extraction solvent in the aqueous sample. Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the method including the type and concentration of the effervescent agents as well as the type and volume of extraction solvent were optimized. Under optimum conditions, matrix matched calibration curves were constructed at eight concentrations ranging from 0.6–4.0 ng/mL showed good linearity with coefficient of determinations of ≥ 0.9961. The limits of detections and quantifications ranged from 0.2–0.4 and 0.6–1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions studied at two concentration levels had below 5% relative standard deviation values. Similarly, recoveries investigated at two concentration levels ranged from 80.7–117.4%. The findings demonstrated that proposed method is simple, rapid, and efficient to be used as alternative method for analysis of organochlorine pesticides from environmental water and other similar matrices.

KEY WORDS: Effervescence agents, CO2 bubbles, Organochlorine pesticides, Water samples, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1109-1122.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.4
Synthesized and hypothesized schiff base ligand and its metal(II) complexes DNA binding mode
Authors: Puthilibai G. , Devatarika V. , Haewon Byeon , Sundar Behura Shyam , Kumar Lautre Hitendra , Subha V. , Sangwan Pardeep , Sunil J. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. Metal complexes play an important role in agriculture, pharmacology, medicine, and industrial chemistry. Schiff base metal compounds are the fusion products of propene and aldehydes, require a metal surrounded by an ion or cluster of molecules to form. Metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have also been created. Elemental analysis is used to analyses the structure and related compounds of the produced Schiff base ligand. According to deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) binding tests, Schiff base metal(II) complexes attach to DNA in an intercalative form with weak covalent connections. The predicted DNA binding mode supports an increase in the complexes' binding activity in the presence of newly generated ligand. The cleavage activities of the DNA were recorded using gel-electrophoresis in the presence and absence of the complexes. The findings of the cleavage experiment show that all of the produced chelates can successfully cut DNA.

KEY WORDS: Schiff base ligand, DNA, Metal(II) complex, Hetero-ligand cobalt(II), Aldehydes
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1133-1139.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.6
Synthesis and spectroscopic investigations of Au(III) seleno-organic complexes
Authors: H. Abdel-Hafez Shams , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. Heterocyclic pyridazine continues to attract great interest, mainly arising from a large variety of interesting pharmacological activities, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. On the other hand, the current interest in selenium-containing heterocycles is a result of their chemical properties and biological activities. In addition to the many recent publications dealing with the pharmacological potential of a selenium compound, new active formulations are an attractive target for chemical research. 2-((3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)selanyl) acetic acid (pyd-Se), 2-((4-cyano-5,6-diphenylpyridazin-3-yl)selanyl)acetic acid (pydz-Se) and 2-((4,6-dimethyl quinolin-2-yl)selanyl)acetic acid (quin-Se) reacts with gold(III) chloride to produce metal ion complexes of specific composition. These synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, FTIR, 1H NMR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. The complexes were found to have the formulas [Au(pyd-Se)2]Cl, [Au(pydz-Se)2]Cl and Au(quin-Se)2]Cl, respectively.

KEY WORDS: Au(III), Organoselenium, Complexation, FTIR, 1H NMR, TEM
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1141-1150.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.7
The Scattering and Absorption Coefficients of Atmospheric Soot in the Hygroscopicity of Urban Aerosols
Authors: Akpootu D.O. , Bello G. , Alaiyemola S.R. , Abdullahi Z. , Aruna S. , Umar M. , Badmus T.O. , Isah A.K. , Abdulsalam M.K. , Aminu Z. 
Published: August 2023

Aerosols are microscopic solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere that have an impact on the Earth's radiative balance. This paper modeled and investigates the effect of scattering and absorption coefficients along with their respective hygroscopicity of atmospheric soot using extracted data from Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) incorporated with Fortran at spectral range of 0.25 to 1.00 m for eight different relative humidities (RHs) (0, 50, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99%). The fine – mode and coarse – mode aerosol size distribution were also investigated. The particle number densities of soot were varied as 110,000 120,000 and 130,000 cm-3 while the water soluble and insoluble components were kept constant. The scattering coefficient decreases with RHs and also with wavelength in the form of power law at all RHs. The absorption coefficient increases with addition of soot, reflecting warming effect. In this study, it was observed that there is a pronounced hygroscopicity growth as from 95-99% RHs. The Ångström exponent decreases with increase in RHs for the case of scattering coefficient but varies for absorption coefficient; the curvature reveals the presence of both fine and coarse mode particles. The results of the turbidity coefficient (????) based on the scattering coefficient indicated that the atmosphere is relatively clear and hazy while the absorption coefficient indicated that the atmosphere is relatively clear at 0 – 99% relative humidity. The results in this study revealed that the coefficient of determination, ???? 2 > 96% for all the models (1 – 3).
Evaluation of Seed Extracts of <i>Azadirachta indica</i>. Juss (Meliaceae) as Pesticide for the Treatment of Stored Bean Seeds
Authors: Musah M. , Mohammed M. , Mathew J.T. , Umar M. T. 
Published: August 2023

This study sought to ascertain the potentials of extracted oil and various partition portions of the seed extract of Azadirachta indica in the control of insect (Callosobrochus maculatus) infestation of stored bean seeds. The extracted oil significantly enhanced feeding deterrence in the insect, grain damage was greatly reduced as well as weight loss and oviposition of the insects. The extracted oil at different doses significantly reduces oviposition and adult emergence of C. maculatus in the treated bean seeds. Methyl allyl disulphide, n-propyl benzoate, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienenoic acid, Methyl nonanoate, Methyl hexadecanoate, Linoleic acid, Oleic acid and Campesterol were the major components in the extracted oil through GC-MS analysis. Regression analysis of the available data on individual in the treated bean seeds confirm that significant reduction of the oviposition and adult emergence of Callosobrochus maculatus decreases with increasing doses of the extract. It was also observed that feeding deterrent, oviposition and adult emergence of the Callosobrochus maculatus of the bean seeds were found to reduce as the polarity of the partition portion of the extracts increases significantly. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the n-hexane and methanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenes, glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. The findings have demonstrated the bioefficacy for the use of the extracted oil and various partition portion of the seed extract against insect infestation of the stored beans, hence strengthening the possibility of using it as an alternative to synthetic chemicals for the preservation of grains.
Effect of Soil Types and Sowing Methods on Growth and Yield of Some Varieties of Sesame (<i>sesamum indicum L.</i>) Grown in Dutse, Jigawa State
Authors: Mohammad M. , Mukhtar F.B. , Basiru S. , Munir Garba , Adamu M. 
Published: August 2023

A field trial on the effect of soil types and sowing methods on growth and yield of some varieties of sesame ( sesamum indicum L.) was conducted at school farm Federal University Dutse Jigawa state (latitude 11.00̊ N to 13.00̊ N and longitude 8.00̊ E to 10.15̊ E) during the 2019 rainy season. The treatments used were three soil types (Clay, loam, sand) and two sowing methods (drilling and dibbling). Two varieties of sesame namely EX-Sudan and E8 were used. A split-split plot design was used. Result showed that the number of leaves, number of capsules per plant 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant were significantly affected by sowing method with drilling method producing the highest seed yield per plant and variety had significant effect on number of leaves per plant, days to 50% flowering and maturity and seed yield per plant with EX-Sudan manifesting the highest yield per plant. The interaction between varieties were only significant on number of capsules/plant while between sowing method and variety was only significant on seed yield per plant. Interaction between variety and soil type showed that V1S1 (EX-Sudan and Loamy soil) had the highest influence on plant growth parameters while V2S2 (E8 and Sandy soil) had the lowest. The results indicated that drilling is the best sowing method, loamy soil is the best soil type for growing sesame while the variety EX-Sudan produced the highest seed yield and seed quality of sesame more than the E8 variety. Thus, farmers could be recommended to adopt these agronomic practices using EX-Sudan for increased sesame production in the Sudan savanna ecological zone of Nigeria.