bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left bundle branch area pacing in children: case series
Authors: Jędrzejczyk-Patej Ewa , Mazurek Michał , Kowalski Oskar , Szulik Mariola , Tyc Filip , Pietruczuk Armin , Lenarczyk Radosław , Kalarus Zbigniew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a new concept that provides physiological pacing with a narrow QRS duration. Recently published data suggest that LBBAP may prevent deleterious effects of right ventricular pacing, namely pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy, especially in patients with expected high ventricular pacing burden, which may be of particular importance in children.

Case summary
Herein, we report successful implantation of Medtronic SelectSecure (Model 3830, Medtronic Inc.) right ventricle electrode in the region of left bundle branch area in three consecutive children (two 16-year-old and one 8-year-old). Indication for pacemaker implantation was third-degree atrioventricular block in all cases. Implantations were performed under general anaesthesia, and there were no acute complications. During the median follow-up of 6 months, there were no adverse events and the electrical parameters of the device remained stable.

Discussion
Compared with adult patients, implantation of pacemakers in children may still be challenging, not only because of smaller body size but also due to continuing growth and a higher rate of lead and device-related complications. We have demonstrated that implantation of LBBAP in children is feasible and could be worth considering, particularly in patients with expected high ventricular pacing burden. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of LBBAP in children during long-term observation.
The Nevell manuscript: new evidence of 17th-century gentlewomen’s music book-sharing and education at exiled English convents
Authors: Lesemann-Elliott Caro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Scholarship on early modern English musical culture remains dominated by the activities of male musicians and male institutions. Despite the drastic growth of English convent studies as a discipline, relatively little examination by musicologists of the roles of these institutions in the production and circulation of music books or in musical networks more generally has taken place. Indeed, even those who are examining books with direct evidence of female ownership and/or usage have often only viewed the books through the lenses of male institutions. This article explores a music book that initially belonged to Ursula Nevell [Neville] (c.1653–1727), identifying the contents of the book, including new sources of music from the final quarter of the 17th century. It uncovers evidence of likely usage in the context of an exiled English convent and demonstrates that the book probably travelled across the channel several times over two generations, used by both mother and daughter, both in and out of an English convent context. The article contextualizes the book against a wider backdrop of English convent musical culture and music education at the convent schools by using new research that has been undertaken since 2011. Finally, it suggests some possibilities for how Neville’s book may have been partially produced and/or used in a convent context.
The later the better? A novel approach to estimating the effect of school starting age on ADHD and academic skills
Authors: Beck Kathryn Christine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
School entry is an important life transition where early disadvantages may have consequences for children’s educational trajectory. This paper provides important evidence on the production of disadvantages by the education system using a novel approach to school starting age (SSA) which is not biased by parental resources or prior dis-advantages. By using due date from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) as an instrumental variable for SSA, and register data covering the entire Norwegian population, I show that a one-year increase in SSA led to a 59 per cent lower risk of being diagnosed with ADHD and significantly higher national test scores in 5th and 9th grade. Additionally, this study finds that 10.1 per cent of births are shifted from the week before the school entry cut-off to the week after. Parents with higher educational attainment are significantly more likely to shift births across the cut-off, providing a cautionary note to studies attempting to estimate causal effects of SSA using month or date of birth. Overall, this study provides important evidence one way in which inequalities are produced by the education system and how socioeconomically advantaged parents may act to mitigate these risks.
Mosaic loss of Y chromosome and mortality after coronary angiography
Authors: Weyrich Michael , Zewinger Stephen , Sarakpi Tamim , Rasper Tina , Kleber Marcus E , Cremer Sebastian , Zanders Lukas , Fleck Fenja , Siegbahn Agneta , Wallentin Lars , Abplanalp Wesley Tyler , Nerbas Linda , Fay Sandra , Eberle Aaron L , Dimmeler Stefanie , März Winfried , Speer Thimoteus , Zeiher Andreas M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Acquired somatic mutations emerged as important drivers of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. Recently, mosaic loss of Y chromosome (LOY) in haematopoietic cells was identified to induce diffuse cardiac fibrosis in male mice. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between LOY and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods
LOY was quantified in 1698 male participants of the LURIC study, who underwent coronary angiography, and its association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was determined. Furthermore, the interaction between LOY and inherited genetic susceptibility for cardiac fibrosis was assessed.

Results
The frequency of LOY steeply increased in male participants of LURIC at the age of 60 years. Loss of Y chromosome &gt; 17% was associated with significantly higher all-cause [hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.82] and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.09–2.03), which was driven by a higher risk for fatal myocardial infarction (HR 2.65, 95% CI 1.46–4.81). Loss of Y chromosome &gt; 17% was associated with a profibrotic and proinflammatory plasma protein expression profile as characterized by higher plasma levels of osteoprotegerin, matrix metalloproteinase-12, growth differentiation factor 15, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and resistin. Genetic predisposition for lower myocardial fibrosis attenuated the association between LOY and cardiovascular mortality. Genome-wide methylation analyses identified differential methylation in 298 genes including ACTB, RPS5, WDR1, CD151, and ARAP1. Single-cell RNA sequencing further confirmed differential gene expression of 37 of these genes in LOY in peripheral blood mononuclear cells comprising a set of fibrosis-regulating genes including RPS5. RPS5 silencing in macrophages induced a paracrine induction of collagen expression in cardiac fibroblasts documenting a functional role in vitro.

Conclusions
LOY represents an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in male patients with coronary artery disease. Targeting LOY may represent a sex-specific personalized medicine approach.
Cardiac dysfunction related to cardiac mRNA and protein traffic impairment due to reduced unconventional motor protein myosin-5b expression
Authors: Heimerl Maren , Erschow Sergej , Müller-Olling Mirco , Manstein Dietmar J , Decher Niels , Kauferstein Silke , Jenewein Tina , Pich Andreas , Ricke-Hoch Melanie , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
The present study analysed the expression patterns of class-5 myosin motor proteins (MYO5a, b, and c) in the heart with a specific focus on the role of MYO5b.

Methods
RNA-sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and proteomics were performed in mice and human tissues. Functional analyses were performed in mice with a cardiac-specific knockout (KO) of MYO5b (αMHC-Cretg/−; MYO5bflox/flox), wild-type (WT) (MYO5bflox/flox), and αMHC-Cretg/− mice and in isolated adult cardiomyocytes. Next-generation sequencing screened for MYO5B gene variants in a cohort of sudden cardiac death in the young/sudden infant death syndrome patients.

Results
The expression of MYO5b, but not MYO5a or c, increased during postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation. Myosin-5b was reduced in end-stage failing human hearts and infarcted murine hearts. Heterozygous rare and likely pathogenic missense MYO5B gene variants (n = 6) were identified in three patients of a cohort of young patients (n = 95) who died of sudden cardiac death in the young/sudden infant death syndrome. MYO5b-KO mice revealed impaired electric conductance and metabolism, developed sarcomeric disarrangement, heart failure and death with altered mRNA levels for genes involved in sarcomere organization, fatty acid and glucose metabolism, ion channel sub-units, and Ca2+-homeostasis prior to heart failure. In cardiomyocytes, myosin-5b is associated with mitochondrial and ribosomal proteins. Myosin-5b-associated ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) contained mRNAs of sarcomeric, metabolic, cytoskeletal, and ion channel proteins.

Conclusions
MYO5b is the major MYO5 gene expressed in postnatal cardiomyocytes where it transports vesicles, proteins, and multi-protein complexes. Among these are mRNA/RNP complexes affecting electric conductance, sarcomere homeostasis, cell metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. Impairment in MYO5b expression and function promotes cardiac dysfunction, heart failure, and death.
Cdr1 in focus: a personal reflection on multidrug transporter research
Authors: Prasad Rajendra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drug resistance mechanisms in human pathogenic Candida species are constantly evolving. Over time, these species have developed diverse strategies to counter the effects of various drug classes, making them a significant threat to human health. In addition to well-known mechanisms such as drug target modification, overexpression, and chromosome duplication, Candida species have also developed permeability barriers to antifungal drugs through reduced drug import or increased efflux. The genomes of Candida species contain a multitude of drug resistance genes, many of which encode membrane efflux transporters that actively expel drugs, preventing their toxic accumulation inside the cells and contributing to multidrug resistance. This brief personal retrospective piece for the “Thematic Issue on Celebrating 30 Years of Cdr1 Research: new trends in antifungal therapy and drug resistance” looks back as to how antifungal research has shifted focus since the identification of the first multidrug transporter gene, CDR1 (Candida Drug Resistance 1), leading to new insights into how reduced azole permeability across Candida cell membranes influences antifungal susceptibility.
The rise of goldfishes in North America
Authors: Massey Melanie D , Claus Catalina , Hubbard Justin A G , Illyes Edina , Marques Piatã , Ricciardi Anthony , Schubert Emma L , Storey Kate , Mandrak Nicholas E 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Goldfish Carassius auratus is a longstanding global invader that has entered a new phase in its invasion history, spreading into new geographical areas and reaching larger body sizes and abundances than previously recorded. In this Perspective, we present evidence that C. auratus and other goldfishes Carassius spp. represent an increasing, yet overlooked, risk to North American freshwaters. We synthesize existing knowledge on the history, physiology, impacts, and current management of goldfishes in North America. We also identify knowledge gaps in our understanding of the biology of goldfishes as they relate to invasive species management and recommend interdisciplinary approaches for addressing the growing Goldfish problem in North America.
PyDRex: predicting crystallographic preferred orientation in peridotites under steady-state and time-dependent strain
Authors: Bilton Leon , Duvernay Thomas , Davies D Rhodri , Eakin Caroline M 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of peridotite minerals is frequently invoked to explain the widespread dependence of seismic wave speed on propagation direction in Earth’s mantle—a property known as seismic anisotropy. As established by rock mechanics experiments, CPO constitutes a direct signature of past and ongoing strain regimes experienced by rocks during mantle flow. Therefore, an improved understanding of CPO generation promises to yield valuable information on the rheology and corresponding deformation mechanisms activated through mantle dynamics. Simulating CPO in geodynamical models is computationally challenging and has often been restricted to steady-state mantle flows. However, within Earth’s vigorously convecting mantle the steady-state assumption is questionable, thus motivating the need to couple CPO simulations with time-evolving mantle flow models. Here, we present a new Python implementation of the D-Rex CPO model, called PyDRex, which predicts salient features of mineral grain size and orientation evolution whilst providing a well-documented, user-friendly interface that supports flexible coupling to geodynamical modelling frameworks. PyDRex also packages numerous post-processing routines for strain analysis and visualization of grain orientation distributions. We provide a set of benchmark simulations based on previous D-Rex implementations that validate PyDRex and demonstrate sensitivities to model parameters for both steady-state and time-dependent flows. Analysis of benchmark results highlights the role of dynamic recrystallization in controlling competing grain growth in both the softest and hardest crystallographic orientations. When employing a commonly used value for the grain boundary mobility parameter ($M^{\ast }=125$), we also find that transient CPO textures are generally not well resolved if crystals are represented by fewer than 5000 ‘grains’ (weighted orientation samples)—a configuration rarely employed in most previously published studies. Furthermore, kinematic corner-flow models suggest that CPO produced at mid-ocean ridges has a nonlinear dependence on depth, which implies that even ostensibly simple mantle flows can result in complex distributions of seismic anisotropy. Our analyses motivate further experimental calibration of parameters controlling dynamic recrystallization and potential improvements to the numerical treatment of subgrain nucleation.
Surfactin facilitates establishment of Bacillus subtilis in synthetic communities
Authors: Lozano-Andrade Carlos N , Dinesen Caja , Wibowo Mario , Bach Nil Arenos , Hesselberg-Thomsen Viktor , Jarmusch Scott A , Strube Mikael Lenz , Kovács Ákos T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Soil bacteria are prolific producers of a myriad of biologically active secondary metabolites. These natural products play key roles in modern society, finding use as anti-cancer agents, as food additives, and as alternatives to chemical pesticides. As for their original role in interbacterial communication, secondary metabolites have been extensively studied under in vitro conditions, revealing many roles including antagonism, effects on motility, niche colonization, signaling, and cellular differentiation. Despite the growing body of knowledge on their mode of action, biosynthesis, and regulation, we still do not fully understand the role of secondary metabolites on the ecology of the producers and resident communities in situ. Here, we specifically examine the influence of Bacillus subtilis-produced cyclic lipopeptides during the assembly of a bacterial synthetic community, and simultaneously, explore the impact of cyclic lipopeptides on B. subtilis establishment success in a synthetic community propagated in an artificial soil microcosm. We found that surfactin production facilitates B. subtilis establishment success within multiple synthetic communities. Although neither a wild type nor a cyclic lipopeptide non-producer mutant had a major impact on the synthetic community composition over time, both the B. subtilis and the synthetic community metabolomes were altered during co-cultivation. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of surfactin production in microbial communities, suggesting a broad spectrum of action of this natural product.
Resistance to empirical antibiotics in urinary tract infections caused by Enterobacterales in the East of England
Authors: Drazich-Taylor Stuart , Dominic Catherine , Moore James , Craine Ashley , Nwaka Davis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize resistance rates in urinary tract infections caused by Enterobacterales to first- and second-line antibiotics.

Methods
Positive urine cultures examined by the Eastern Pathology Alliance network from September 2018 to September 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Enterobacterales from non-pregnant adults were included. Resistance to cefalexin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, pivmecillinam and fosfomycin was investigated.

Results
A total of 193 137 samples from 99 635 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean number of episodes per patient was 1.94, with a range of 1–55 episodes over the 5 year period. Patients were predominantly of female sex (76.6%) and of an older age (mean age 66.4 ± 19.5 SD). Escherichia coli was the commonest organism isolated (73%) followed by undifferentiated coliforms (16%), Proteus spp. (6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2%). Across all samples, trimethoprim resistance was high at 27%, with lower cefalexin (8.3%) and nitrofurantoin (8.8%) resistance. Resistance to two or three of the first-line antibiotics—trimethoprim, cefalexin and nitrofurantoin—was 5.5% and 0.6%, respectively. In E. coli there was low fosfomycin resistance at 3.1%. In resistant isolates subject to extended sensitivity testing, moderate pivmecillinam (21%) resistance was demonstrated. Organisms demonstrating AmpC and ESBL resistance were detected in 3.2% and 3.5% of isolates. Trimethoprim resistance was highest at James Paget University Hospital (37%) and surrounding general practices (30%).

Conclusions
This study illustrates resistance rates to commonly prescribed antibiotics for urinary tract infections in Norfolk and Waveney. Adjustments to local empirical antibiotic guidelines have been shaped by the resistance rates demonstrated herein.
pyDeid: an improved, fast, flexible, and generalizable rule-based approach for deidentification of free-text medical records
Authors: Sundrelingam Vaakesan , Parimoo Shireen , Pogacar Frances , Koppula Radha , Shin Saeha , Pou-Prom Chloe , Roberts Surain B , Verma Amol A , Razak Fahad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Deidentification of personally identifiable information in free-text clinical data is fundamental to making these data broadly available for research. However, there exist gaps in the deidentification landscape with regard to the functionality and flexibility of extant tools, as well as suboptimal tradeoffs between deidentification accuracy and speed. To address these gaps and tradeoffs, we develop a new Python-based deidentification software, pyDeid.

Materials and Methods
pyDeid uses a combination of regular expression-based rules, fixed exclusion lists and inclusion lists to deidentify free-text data. Additional configurations of pyDeid include optional named entity recognition and custom name lists. We measure its deidentification performance and speed on 700 admission notes from a Canadian hospital, the publicly available n2c2 benchmark dataset of American discharge notes, as well as a synthetic dataset of artificial intelligence (AI) generated admission notes. We also compare its performance with the Physionet De-identification Software and the popular open-source Philter tool.

Results
Different configurations of pyDeid outperformed other tools on various metrics, with a “best” accuracy value of 0.988, best precision of 0.889, best recall of 0.950, and best F1 score of 0.904. All configurations of pyDeid were significantly faster than Philter and Physionet De-identification Software, with the fastest deidentification speed of 0.48 s per note.

Discussion and Conclusions
pyDeid allows the flexibility to prioritize between performance and speed, as well as precision and recall, while addressing some of the gaps in functionality left by other tools. pyDeid is also generalizable to domains outside of clinical data and can be further customized for specific contexts or for particular workflows.
Accuracy of privacy preserving record linkage for real world data in the United States: a systemic review
Authors: Tyagi Khushi , Willis Sarah J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Examine the accuracy of privacy preserving record linkage (PPRL) matches in real world data (RWD).

Materials and Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review to identify articles evaluating PPRL methods from January 1, 2013 to June 15, 2023. Eligible studies included original research reporting quantitative metrics such as precision and recall in health-related data sources. Covidence software was used to manage the review process.

Results
Five studies met our inclusion criteria. Tokenization and hash functions were used to hash and encrypt personally identifiable information (PII) including first and last names, dates of birth (DOB), and Social Security Numbers (SSNs) in a variety of RWD. All identified studies utilized deterministic matching. Combinations of tokenized or hashed PII that included “quasi-identifiers” like names and DOBs had consistently high precision (&gt;95%) but lower recall, likely due to misspelled or inconsistently spelled names and name changes. SSN-based combinations demonstrated high precision but variable recall due to incomplete SSN data in RWD. Studies that employed algorithms in which at least one match was identified from a specified set of PII combinations provided high precision and high recall.

Discussion
The systematic review indicates that PPRL methods generally provide highly accurate patient data linkage while maintaining privacy.

Conclusions
Researchers should carefully consider the completeness and stability of each PII element selected for PPRL and may want to employ a strategy that allows for patient records to be matched if they meet at least one of several combinations of PII.