bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of marine heatwaves on top predator distributions are variable but predictable
Authors: Welch Heather , Savoca Matthew S. , Brodie Stephanie , Jacox Michael G. , Muhling Barbara A. , Clay Thomas A. , Cimino Megan A. , Benson Scott R. , Block Barbara A. , Conners Melinda G. , Costa Daniel P. , Jordan Fredrick D. , Leising Andrew W. , Mikles Chloe S. , Palacios Daniel M. , Shaffer Scott A. , Thorne Lesley H. , Watson Jordan T. , Holser Rachel R. , Dewitt Lynn , Bograd Steven J. , Hazen Elliott L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMarine heatwaves cause widespread environmental, biological, and socio-economic impacts, placing them at the forefront of 21st-century management challenges. However, heatwaves vary in intensity and evolution, and a paucity of information on how this variability impacts marine species limits our ability to proactively manage for these extreme events. Here, we model the effects of four recent heatwaves (2014, 2015, 2019, 2020) in the Northeastern Pacific on the distributions of 14 top predator species of ecological, cultural, and commercial importance. Predicted responses were highly variable across species and heatwaves, ranging from near total loss of habitat to a two-fold increase. Heatwaves rapidly altered political bio-geographies, with up to 10% of predicted habitat across all species shifting jurisdictions during individual heatwaves. The variability in predicted responses across species and heatwaves portends the need for novel management solutions that can rapidly respond to extreme climate events. As proof-of-concept, we developed an operational dynamic ocean management tool that predicts predator distributions and responses to extreme conditions in near real-time.
Notch and retinoic acid signals regulate macrophage formation from endocardium downstream of Nkx2-5
Authors: Liu Norika , Kawahira Naofumi , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Nakano Haruko , Iwase Akiyasu , Uchijima Yasunobu , Wang Mei , Wu Sean M. , Minamisawa Susumu , Kurihara Hiroki , Nakano Atsushi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHematopoietic progenitors are enriched in the endocardial cushion and contribute, in a Nkx2-5-dependent manner, to tissue macrophages required for the remodeling of cardiac valves and septa. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of endocardial-hematopoietic transition. In the current study, we identified the regulatory network of endocardial hematopoiesis. Signal network analysis from scRNA-seq datasets revealed that genes in Notch and retinoic acid (RA) signaling are significantly downregulated in Nkx2-5-null endocardial cells. In vivo and ex vivo analyses validate that the Nkx2-5-Notch axis is essential for the generation of both hemogenic and cushion endocardial cells, and the suppression of RA signaling via Dhrs3 expression plays important roles in further differentiation into macrophages. Genetic ablation study revealed that these macrophages are essential in cardiac valve remodeling. In summary, the study demonstrates that the Nkx2-5/Notch/RA signaling plays a pivotal role in macrophage differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors.
Efficient and sustainable water electrolysis achieved by excess electron reservoir enabling charge replenishment to catalysts
Authors: Lee Gyu Rac , Kim Jun , Hong Doosun , Kim Ye Ji , Jang Hanhwi , Han Hyeuk Jin , Hwang Chang-Kyu , Kim Donghun , Kim Jin Young , Jung Yeon Sik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSuppressing the oxidation of active-Ir(III) in IrOx catalysts is highly desirable to realize an efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis. Although charge replenishment from supports can be effective in preventing the oxidation of IrOx catalysts, most supports have inherently limited charge transfer capability. Here, we demonstrate that an excess electron reservoir, which is a charged oxygen species, incorporated in antimony-doped tin oxide supports can effectively control the Ir oxidation states by boosting the charge donations to IrOx catalysts. Both computational and experimental analyses reveal that the promoted charge transfer driven by excess electron reservoir is the key parameter for stabilizing the active-Ir(III) in IrOx catalysts. When used in a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer, Ir catalyst on excess electron reservoir incorporated support exhibited 75 times higher mass activity than commercial nanoparticle-based catalysts and outstanding long-term stability for 250 h with a marginal degradation under a water-splitting current of 1 A cm−2. Moreover, Ir-specific power (74.8 kW g−1) indicates its remarkable potential for realizing gigawatt-scale H2 production for the first time.
Pathological pallidal beta activity in Parkinson’s disease is sustained during sleep and associated with sleep disturbance
Authors: Yin Zixiao , Ma Ruoyu , An Qi , Xu Yichen , Gan Yifei , Zhu Guanyu , Jiang Yin , Zhang Ning , Yang Anchao , Meng Fangang , Kühn Andrea A. , Bergman Hagai , Neumann Wolf-Julian , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with excessive beta activity in the basal ganglia. Brain sensing implants aim to leverage this biomarker for demand-dependent adaptive stimulation. Sleep disturbance is among the most common non-motor symptoms in PD, but its relationship with beta activity is unknown. To investigate the clinical potential of beta activity as a biomarker for sleep quality in PD, we recorded pallidal local field potentials during polysomnography in PD patients off dopaminergic medication and compared the results to dystonia patients. PD patients exhibited sustained and elevated beta activity across wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM), and non-REM sleep, which was correlated with sleep disturbance. Simulation of adaptive stimulation revealed that sleep-related beta activity changes remain unaccounted for by current algorithms, with potential negative outcomes in sleep quality and overall quality of life for patients.
AhR diminishes the efficacy of chemotherapy via suppressing STING dependent type-I interferon in bladder cancer
Authors: Ma Zikun , Li Zhiyong , Mao Yize , Ye Jingwei , Liu Zefu , Wang Yuzhao , Wei Chen , Cui Jun , Liu Zhuowei , Liang Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe induction of type-I interferons (IFN-Is) is important for the efficacy of chemotherapy. By investigating the role of amino acids in regulation of IFN-I production under chemo-drug treatment in bladder cancer (BC) cells, we find an inherent AhR-dependent negative feedback to restrain STING signaling and IFN-I production. Mechanistically, in a ligand dependent manner, AhR bridges STING and CUL4B/RBX1 E3 ligase complex, facilitating STING degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Inhibition of AhR increases STING levels and reduces tumor growth under cisplatin or STING agonist treatment. Endogenous AhR ligands are mainly consisted of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites; dietary Trp restriction, blocking the key Trp metabolism rate-limiting enzyme IDO1 or inhibition of cellular Trp importation also show similar effect as AhR inhibition. Clinically, BC patients with higher intratumoral expression of AhR or stronger intratumoral Trp metabolism (higher IDO1 or Kyn levels) that lead to higher AhR activation show worse response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Inter-bacterial mutualism promoted by public goods in a system characterized by deterministic temperature variation
Authors: Zhao Yuxiang , Liu Zishu , Zhang Baofeng , Cai Jingjie , Yao Xiangwu , Zhang Meng , Deng Ye , Hu Baolan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMutualism is commonly observed in nature but not often reported for bacterial communities. Although abiotic stress is thought to promote microbial mutualism, there is a paucity of research in this area. Here, we monitor microbial communities in a quasi-natural composting system, where temperature variation (20 °C–70 °C) is the main abiotic stress. Genomic analyses and culturing experiments provide evidence that temperature selects for slow-growing and stress-tolerant strains (i.e., Thermobifida fusca and Saccharomonospora viridis), and mutualistic interactions emerge between them and the remaining strains through the sharing of cobalamin. Comparison of 3000 bacterial pairings reveals that mutualism is common (~39.1%) and competition is rare (~13.9%) in pairs involving T. fusca and S. viridis. Overall, our work provides insights into how high temperature can favour mutualism and reduce competition at both the community and species levels.
Simulating Chern insulators on a superconducting quantum processor
Authors: Xiang Zhong-Cheng , Huang Kaixuan , Zhang Yu-Ran , Liu Tao , Shi Yun-Hao , Deng Cheng-Lin , Liu Tong , Li Hao , Liang Gui-Han , Mei Zheng-Yang , Yu Haifeng , Xue Guangming , Tian Ye , Song Xiaohui , Liu Zhi-Bo , Xu Kai , Zheng Dongning , Nori Franco , Fan Heng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe quantum Hall effect, fundamental in modern condensed matter physics, continuously inspires new theories and predicts emergent phases of matter. Here we experimentally demonstrate three types of Chern insulators with synthetic dimensions on a programable 30-qubit-ladder superconducting processor. We directly measure the band structures of the 2D Chern insulator along synthetic dimensions with various configurations of Aubry-André-Harper chains and observe dynamical localisation of edge excitations. With these two signatures of topology, our experiments implement the bulk-edge correspondence in the synthetic 2D Chern insulator. Moreover, we simulate two different bilayer Chern insulators on the ladder-type superconducting processor. With the same and opposite periodically modulated on-site potentials for two coupled chains, we simulate topologically nontrivial edge states with zero Hall conductivity and a Chern insulator with higher Chern numbers, respectively. Our work shows the potential of using superconducting qubits for investigating different intriguing topological phases of quantum matter.
Multi-trait discovery and fine-mapping of lipid loci in 125,000 individuals of African ancestry
Authors: Kamiza Abram Bunya , Touré Sounkou M. , Zhou Feng , Soremekun Opeyemi , Cissé Cheickna , Wélé Mamadou , Touré Aboubacrine M. , Nashiru Oyekanmi , Corpas Manuel , Nyirenda Moffat , Crampin Amelia , Shaffer Jeffrey , Doumbia Seydou , Zeggini Eleftheria , Morris Andrew P. , Asimit Jennifer L. , Chikowore Tinashe , Fatumo Segun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for lipid traits focus on the separate analysis of lipid traits. Moreover, there are limited GWASs evaluating the genetic variants associated with multiple lipid traits in African ancestry. To further identify and localize loci with pleiotropic effects on lipid traits, we conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis, multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG), and multi-trait fine-mapping (flashfm) in 125,000 individuals of African ancestry. Our meta-analysis and MTAG identified four and 14 novel loci associated with lipid traits, respectively. flashfm yielded an 18% mean reduction in the 99% credible set size compared to single-trait fine-mapping with JAM. Moreover, we identified more genetic variants with a posterior probability of causality >0.9 with flashfm than with JAM. In conclusion, we identified additional novel loci associated with lipid traits, and flashfm reduced the 99% credible set size to identify causal genetic variants associated with multiple lipid traits in African ancestry.
The mesencephalic locomotor region recruits V2a reticulospinal neurons to drive forward locomotion in larval zebrafish
Authors: Carbo-Tano Martin , Lapoix Mathilde , Jia Xinyu , Thouvenin Olivier , Pascucci Marco , Auclair François , Quan Feng B. , Albadri Shahad , Aguda Vernie , Farouj Younes , Hillman Elizabeth M. C. , Portugues Ruben , Del Bene Filippo , Thiele Tod R. , Dubuc Réjean , Wyart Claire 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a brain stem area whose stimulation triggers graded forward locomotion. How MLR neurons recruit downstream vsx2+ (V2a) reticulospinal neurons (RSNs) is poorly understood. Here, to overcome this challenge, we uncovered the locus of MLR in transparent larval zebrafish and show that the MLR locus is distinct from the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. MLR stimulations reliably elicit forward locomotion of controlled duration and frequency. MLR neurons recruit V2a RSNs via projections onto somata in pontine and retropontine areas, and onto dendrites in the medulla. High-speed volumetric imaging of neuronal activity reveals that strongly MLR-coupled RSNs are active for steering or forward swimming, whereas weakly MLR-coupled medullary RSNs encode the duration and frequency of the forward component. Our study demonstrates how MLR neurons recruit specific V2a RSNs to control the kinematics of forward locomotion and suggests conservation of the motor functions of V2a RSNs across vertebrates.
Mass media impact on opinion evolution in biased digital environments: a bounded confidence model
Authors: Pansanella Valentina , Sîrbu Alina , Kertesz Janos , Rossetti Giulio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeople increasingly shape their opinions by accessing and discussing content shared on social networking websites. These platforms contain a mixture of other users’ shared opinions and content from mainstream media sources. While online social networks have fostered information access and diffusion, they also represent optimal environments for the proliferation of polluted information and contents, which are argued to be among the co-causes of polarization/radicalization phenomena. Moreover, recommendation algorithms - intended to enhance platform usage - likely augment such phenomena, generating the so-calledAlgorithmic Bias. In this work, we study the effects of the combination of social influence and mass media influence on the dynamics of opinion evolution in a biased online environment, using a recent bounded confidence opinion dynamics model with algorithmic bias as a baseline and adding the possibility to interact with one or more media outlets, modeled as stubborn agents. We analyzed four different media landscapes and found that an open-minded population is more easily manipulated by external propaganda - moderate or extremist - while remaining undecided in a more balanced information environment. By reinforcing users’ biases, recommender systems appear to help avoid the complete manipulation of the population by external propaganda.
Complexity measure based on sensitivity analysis applied to an intensive care unit system
Authors: Paiva Joao R. B. , Pacheco Viviane M. G. , Barbosa Poliana S. , Almeida Fabiana R. , Wainer Gabriel A. , Gomes Flavio A. , Coimbra Antonio P. , Calixto Wesley P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a system complexity metric and its application to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) system. The methodology for applying said complexity metric comprises: (i) parameters sensitivity indices calculation, (ii) mapping connections dynamics between system components, and (iii) system’s complexity calculation. After simulating the ICU computer model and using the proposed methodology, we obtained results regarding: number of admissions, number of patients in the queue, length of stay, beds in use, ICU performance, and system complexity values (in regular or overloaded operation). As the number of patients in the queue increased, the ICU system complexity also increased, indicating a need for policies to promote system robustness.
SlWRKY16 and SlWRKY31 of tomato, negative regulators of plant defense, involved in susceptibility activation following root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica infection
Authors: Kumar Anil , Sichov Natalia , Bucki Patricia , Miyara Sigal Brown 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe involvement of WRKY transcription factors in plant-nematode interactions, and in particular, how these WRKYs participate in regulating the complex morphological and physiological changes occurring after nematode infection, are the topic of active research. We characterized the functional role of the unstudied tomato WRKY genes SlWRKY16 and SlWRKY31 in regulating tomato roots’ response to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Using promoter–GUS reporter gene fusions and qRT-PCR, we show that both SlWRKYs are predominantly expressed during the first half of the parasitic life stages, when feeding-site induction and construction occur. Expression of SlWRKY16 increased sharply 15 days after inoculation, whereas SlWRKY31 was already induced earlier, but reached its maximum expression at this time. Both genes were downregulated at the mature female stage. To determine biological function, we produced transgenic lines overexpressing SlWRKY16 and SlWRKY31 in tomato hairy roots. Overexpression of both genes resulted in enhanced M. javanica infection, reflected by increased galling occurrence and reproduction. Expression profiling of marker genes responsive to defense-associated phytohormones indicated reductions in salicylic acid defense-related PR-1 and jasmonic acid defense-related PI in inoculated roots overexpressing SlWRK16 and SlWRKY31, respectively. Our results suggest that SlWRKY16 and SlWRKY31 function as negative regulators of plant immunity induced upon nematode infection.
Glycerol biosynthetic pathway plays an essential role in proliferation and antioxidative defense in the human enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Jeelani Ghulam , Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare , Husain Afzal , Nozaki Tomoyoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmebiasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Treatment options other than metronidazole and its derivatives are few, and their low efficacy against asymptomatic cyst carriers, and experimental evidence of resistance in vitro justify the discovery/repurposing campaign for new drugs against amebiasis. Global metabolic responses to oxidative stress and cysteine deprivation by E. histolytica revealed glycerol metabolism may represent a rational target for drug development. In this study using 14C-labelled glucose, only 11% of the total glucose taken up by E. histolytica trophozoites is incorporated to lipids. To better understand the role of glycerol metabolism in this parasite, we focused on characterizing two important enzymes, glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH). Recombinant GK was biochemically characterized in detail, while G3PDH was not due to failure of protein expression and purification. GK revealed novel characteristics and unprecedented kinetic properties in reverse reaction. Gene silencing revealed that GK is essential for optimum growth, whereas G3PDH is not. Gene silencing of G3PDH caused upregulated GK expression, while that of GK resulted in upregulation of antioxidant enzymes as shown by RNA-seq analysis. Although the precise molecular link between GK and the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes was not demonstrated, the observed increase in antioxidant enzyme expression upon GK gene silencing suggests a potential connection between GK and the cellular response to oxidative stress. Together, these results provide the first direct evidence of the biological importance and coordinated regulation of the glycerol metabolic pathways for proliferation and antioxidative defense in E. histolytica, justifying the exploitation of these enzymes as future drug targets.
Prepregnancy overweight and obesity and long-term risk of venous thromboembolism in women
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmad , Sandblad Katarina Glise , Lundberg Christina E. , Hellsén Gustaf , Hansson Per Olof , Adiels Martin , Rosengren Annika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOverweight and obesity rates have increased in recent decades, particularly among the younger population. The long-term consequences of obesity with respect to early venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women have not been established. The aim was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy as a proxy for non-pregnant weight and long-term post-pregnancy risk of VTE in women. This registry-based prospective cohort study analysed data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry, linked to the National Patient and the National Cause of Death Registries for information on post-pregnancy long-term risk of VTE. Cox proportional hazards model were used to determine the association between BMI at baseline and VTE events during follow-up starting 1 year after baseline. The mean age at registration was 27.5 (standard deviation, 4.9) years. During a median follow-up duration of 12 years (interquartile range, 6–21 years) starting 1 year after the first antenatal visit, 1765 and 2549 women had a deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. The risk of VTE linearly increased with increasing BMI. Compared to women with 20 ≤ BMI < 22.5 kg/m2, women with high normal weight, i.e. with a BMI of 22.5–25.0 kg/m2, had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.41), whereas those with a BMI of 30–35 kg/m2 and ≥ 35 kg/m2 (severe obesity) had an adjusted HR of 2.35 (95% CI 2.04–2.70) and 3.47 (95% CI 2.82–4.25, respectively. Using BMI in early pregnancy as a proxy for pre-pregnancy or non-pregnant BMI in young women, we found a significantly increased risk of post-pregnancy long-term risk of VTE even in those with high normal BMI, compared with lean women, whereas those with severe obesity had a markedly high risk.
Linking extreme seasonality and gene expression in Arctic marine protists
Authors: Wutkowska Magdalena , Vader Anna , Logares Ramiro , Pelletier Eric , Gabrielsen Tove M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAt high latitudes, strong seasonal differences in light availability affect marine organisms and regulate the timing of ecosystem processes. Marine protists are key players in Arctic aquatic ecosystems, yet little is known about their ecological roles over yearly cycles. This is especially true for the dark polar night period, which up until recently was assumed to be devoid of biological activity. A 12 million transcripts catalogue was built from 0.45 to 10 μm protist assemblages sampled over 13 months in a time series station in an Arctic fjord in Svalbard. Community gene expression was correlated with seasonality, with light as the main driving factor. Transcript diversity and evenness were higher during polar night compared to polar day. Light-dependent functions had higher relative expression during polar day, except phototransduction. 64% of the most expressed genes could not be functionally annotated, yet up to 78% were identified in Arctic samples from Tara Oceans, suggesting that Arctic marine assemblages are distinct from those from other oceans. Our study increases understanding of the links between extreme seasonality and biological processes in pico- and nanoplanktonic protists. Our results set the ground for future monitoring studies investigating the seasonal impact of climate change on the communities of microbial eukaryotes in the High Arctic.