bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized synthesis characterization and protective activity of quercetin and quercetin–chitosan nanoformula against cardiotoxicity that was induced in male Wister rats via anticancer agent: doxorubicin
Authors: Soliman Asmaa. G. , Mahmoud Basant , Eldin Zienab E. , El-Shahawy Ahmed A. G. , Abdel-Gabbar Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study’s goal was to look into the protective properties of quercetin (QU) in natural form and QU nanoparticles-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (QU-CHSNPs) against cardiotoxicity. The ionotropic gelation approach was adopted to form QU-CHSNPs. The characterizations were performed using advanced techniques. In vitro, the release profile of QU was studied. Cardiotoxicity was induced by doxorubicin (DOX) and protected via concurrent administration of QU and QU-CHSNPs. The heart's preventive effects of QU and QU-CHSNPs were manifested by a decrease in elevated serum activities of cardiac enzymes, as well as an improvement in the heart's antioxidant defence system and histological changes. The findings substantiated QU-CHSNPs' structure with an entrapment efficiency of 92.56%. The mean of the zeta size distribution was 150 nm, the real average particle size was 50 nm, and the zeta potential value was − 27.9 mV, exhibiting low physical stability. The percent of the free QU-cumulative release was about 70% after 12 h, and QU-CHSNPs showed a 49% continued release with a pattern of sustained release, reaching 98% after 48 h. And as such, QU and QU-CHSNPs restrained the induced cardiotoxicity of DOX in male Wistar rats, with the QU-CHSNPs being more efficient.
On the measurement of tasks: does expert data get it right?
Authors: Storm Eduard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing German survey and expert data on job tasks, this paper explores the presence of omitted-variable bias suspected in conventional task data derived from expert assessment. I show expert task data, which is expressed at the occupation-level, introduces omitted-variable bias in task returns on the order of 26–34%. Motivated by a theoretical framework, I argue this bias results from expert data ignoring individual heterogeneity rather than fundamental differences on the assessment of tasks between experts and workers. My findings have important implications for the interpretation of conventional task models as occupational task returns are overestimated. Moreover, a rigorous comparison of the statistical performance of various models offers guidance for future research regarding choice of task data and construction of task measures.
A guide to preparing the sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB, version 7519 v1) for scientific analysis
Authors: Stüber Heiko , Dauth Wolfgang , Eppelsheimer Johann 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) is the most frequently requested data set provided by the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). However, preparing the SIAB for scientific analysis is a complicated and error-prone task. This article explains steps necessary to prepare the latest version of the SIAB (7519 v1) and gives examples of how the preparation can be done. Among other things, it shows how to impute right-censored wages, deal with parallel employment episodes, and clean up the data set. The supplementary material to this article contains extensively annotated Stata do-files to replicate our data preparation.
Metabolome of flue-cured tobacco is significantly affected by the presence of leaf stem
Authors: Li Yingxue , Liu Fengfeng , Sun Shubin , Xiang Yu , Jiang Xuebin , He Jiewang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are flue-cured to use as a key industrial supply in various parts of the world. The quality of tobacco leaves is dependent on chemical components and their proportions. Generally, the stem attached to tobacco leaf is detached before curing. However, the leaf stem remains green for an extended period of time (as compared to leaf) during flue-curing. Hence, it is expected to affect the quality of tobacco's final product.

Results
To understand the impact of the green stem of leaf on the metabolome of flue-cured tobacco, we employed a broad targeted metabolomics approach. We selected two tobacco cultivars (Yun87 and K326) and cultivated them in five geographic locations in China. For flue-curing, leaves were harvested without a stem (L) or with an attached stem (SPL). After metabolome analysis, a total of 1027 metabolites were annotated in these samples. A variable number of metabolites were differentially accumulated between both types of leaves (depending on geographic location or cultivar) representing an influence of environment or genotype. Interestingly, only 68 metabolites were differentially accumulated between L and SPL samples irrespective of the cultivar or geographic location. These differentially accumulated metabolites belonged to major groups of primary and secondary metabolites. We have discussed the importance of identified metabolites in terms of carbon, nitrogen, and polyphenolic metabolism.

Conclusion
The present research is the first comprehensive description of several metabolites in tobacco leaves related to the contribution of leaf stem. The current study opens novel prospects for investigating the potential of such metabolites in improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco.
Variation in mitogenome structural conformation in wild and cultivated lineages of sorghum corresponds with domestication history and plastome evolution
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wang Jie , He Wenchuang , Kan Shenglong , Liao Xuezhu , Jordan David R. , Mace Emma S. , Tao Yongfu , Cruickshank Alan W. , Klein Robert , Yuan Daojun , Tembrock Luke R. , Wu Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that are central to the metabolic processes of cellular respiration and ATP production. However, the evolution of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) in plants is virtually unknown compared to animal mitogenomes or plant plastids, due to complex structural variation and long stretches of repetitive DNA making accurate genome assembly more challenging. Comparing the structural and sequence differences of organellar genomes within and between sorghum species is an essential step in understanding evolutionary processes such as organellar sequence transfer to the nuclear genome as well as improving agronomic traits in sorghum related to cellular metabolism.ResultsHere, we assembled seven sorghum mitochondrial and plastid genomes and resolved reticulated mitogenome structures with multilinked relationships that could be grouped into three structural conformations that differ in the content of repeats and genes by contig. The grouping of these mitogenome structural types reflects the two domestication events for sorghum in east and west Africa.ConclusionsWe report seven mitogenomes of sorghum from different cultivars and wild sources. The assembly method used here will be helpful in resolving complex genomic structures in other plant species. Our findings give new insights into the structure of sorghum mitogenomes that provides an important foundation for future research into the improvement of sorghum traits related to cellular respiration, cytonuclear incompatibly, and disease resistance.
Endovascular aortic arch repair with chimney technique for pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Luo Ming-yao , Zhang Xiong , Fang Kun , Guo Yuan-yuan , Chen Dong , Lee Jason T. , Shu Chang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Aortic pseudoaneurysm is a life-threatening clinical condition, and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has been reported to have a relatively satisfactory effect in aortic pathologies. We summarized our single-centre experience using chimney TEVAR for aortic arch pseudoaneurysms with inadequate landing zones.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted from October 2015 to August 2020, 32 patients with aortic arch pseudoaneurysms underwent chimney TEVAR to exclude an aortic lesion and reconstruct the supra-aortic branches, including 3 innominate artery, 12 left common carotid arteries and 29 left subclavian arteries. Follow-up computed tomography was suggested before discharge; at 3, 6, 12 months and yearly thereafter.

Results
The median age of 32 patients was 68.0 years (range, 28–81) with the mean max diameter of aneurysm of 47.9 ± 12.0 mm. Forty-four related supra-aortic branches were well preserved, and the technical success rate was 100%. The Type Ia endoleaks occurred in 3 (9%) patients. Two patients were lost to follow-up and 4 patients died during the follow-up period. The mean follow-up times was 46.5 ± 14.3 months. One patient died due to acute myocardial infarction just 10 days after chimney TEVAR and the other 3 patients passed away at 1.5 months, 20 months, and 31 months with non-aortic reasons. The 4.5-year survival estimate was 84.4%. The primary patency rate of the target supra-arch branch vessels was 97.7% (43/44), and no other aorta-related reinterventions and severe complications occurred.

Conclusion
For aortic arch pseudoaneurysms with inadequate landing zones for TEVAR, the chimney technique seems to be feasible, with acceptable mid-term outcomes, and it could serve as an alternative minimally invasive approach to extend the landing zone. Slow flow type Ia endoleak could be treated conservatively after chimney TEVAR. Additional experience is needed, and the long-term durability of chimney TEVAR requires further follow-up.
Access to General Practitioners during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal: a nationwide survey of doctors
Authors: Granja Mónica , Correia Sofia , Alves Luís 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The Portuguese National Health System (NHS) provides universal coverage and near-free health care, but the population has high out-of-pocket expenses and unmet care needs. This suggests impaired accessibility, a key dimension of primary care. The COVID-19 pandemic has further affected access to health care. Understanding General Practitioners’ (GP) experiences during the pandemic is necessary to reconfigure post-pandemic service delivery and to plan for future emergencies. This study aimed to assess accessibility to GPs, from their perspective, evaluating determinants of accessibility during the second pandemic year in Portugal.

Methods
All GPs working in NHS Family Practices in continental Portugal were invited to participate in a survey in 2021. A structured online self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used. Accessibility was assessed through waiting times for consultations and remote contacts and provision of remote access. NHS standards were used to assess waiting times. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study sample. Associations between categorical variables were tested using the χ2 statistic and the Student t-test was used to compare means of continuous variables.

Results
A total of 420 GPs were included (7% of the target population). Median weekly working hours was 49.0 h (interquartile range 42.0–56.8), although only 14% reported a contracted weekly schedule over 40 h. Access to in-person consultations and remote contacts was reported by most GPs to occur within NHS time standards. Younger GPs more often reported waiting times over these standards. Most GPs considered that they do not have enough time for non-urgent consultations or for remote contacts with patients.

Conclusions
Most GPs reported compliance with standards for waiting times for most in-person consultations and remote contacts, but they do so at the expense of work overload. A persistent excess of regular and unpaid working hours by GPs needs confirmation. If unpaid overtime is necessary to meet the regular demands of work, then workload and specific allocated tasks warrant review. Future research should focus on younger GPs, as they seem vulnerable to restricted accessibility. GPs’ preferences for more in-person care than was feasible during the pandemic must be considered when planning for the post-pandemic reconfiguration of service delivery.
Heavily treatment-experienced people living with HIV in the OPERA® cohort: population characteristics and clinical outcomes
Authors: Hsu Ricky K. , Fusco Jennifer S. , Henegar Cassidy E. , Vannappagari Vani , Clark Andrew , Brunet Laurence , Lackey Philip C. , Pierone Gerald , Fusco Gregory P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Multi-class resistance, intolerance, and drug–drug interactions can result in unique antiretroviral (ART) combinations for heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) people living with HIV (PLWH). We aimed to compare clinical outcomes between HTE and non-HTE PLWH.

Methods
Eligible ART-experienced PLWH in care in the OPERA® Cohort were identified in a cross-sectional manner on December 31, 2016 and observed from the date of initiation of the ART regimen taken on December 31, 2016 until loss to follow up, death, study end (December 31, 2018), or becoming HTE (non-HTE group only). In the absence of resistance data, HTE was defined based on the ART regimens used (i.e., exposed to ≥ 3 core agent classes or regimen suggestive of HTE). Time to virologic undetectability, failure, and immunologic preservation were assessed using Kaplan–Meier methods; cumulative probabilities were compared between the two groups. Regimen changes, incident morbidities, and death were described.

Results
A total of 24,183 PLWH (2277 HTE PLWH, 21,906 non-HTE) were followed for a median of 28 months (IQR 21, 38). Viremic HTE PLWH (viral load [VL] ≥ 50 copies/mL) were less likely to achieve undetectability (VL < 50 copies/mL; 24-month cumulative probability: 80% [95% Confidence Interval 77–82]) than their non-HTE counterparts (85% [84–86]). No difference was observed in the probability of maintaining VLs < 200 copies/mL over the first 48 months after achieving suppression (< 50 copies/mL). HTE PLWH were less likely than non-HTE PLWH to maintain CD4 cell counts ≥ 200 cells/µL (24-month cumulative probability: 95% HTE [91–93]; 97% non-HTE [97–97]), and more likely to change regimens (45% HTE; 41% non-HTE). Incident non-AIDS defining event (ADE) morbidities were common in both populations, though more likely among HTE PLWH (45%) than non-HTE PLWH (35%). Incident ADE morbidities and deaths were uncommon among HTE (ADEs 5%; deaths 2%) and non-HTE (ADEs 2%; deaths 1%) PLWH.

Conclusions
HTE PLWH were at greater risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes than non-HTE PLWH, suggesting additional therapeutic options are needed for this vulnerable population.
Design of two ongoing clinical trials of tolvaptan in the treatment of pediatric patients with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Mekahli Djalila , Liebau Max C. , Cadnapaphornchai Melissa A. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Greenbaum Larry A. , Litwin Mieczyslaw , Seeman Tomas , Schaefer Franz , Guay-Woodford Lisa M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a hereditary condition characterized by massive kidney enlargement and developmental liver defects. Potential consequences during childhood include the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT). We report the design of 2 ongoing clinical trials (Study 204, Study 307) to evaluate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of tolvaptan in children with ARPKD.

Methods
Both trials are of multinational, multicenter, open-label design. Age range at enrollment is 28 days to < 12 weeks in Study 204 and 28 days to < 18 years in Study 307. Subjects in both studies must have a clinical diagnosis of ARPKD, and those in Study 204 must additionally have signs indicative of risk of rapid progression to KRT, namely, all of: nephromegaly, multiple kidney cysts or increased kidney echogenicity suggesting microcysts, and oligohydramnios or anhydramnios. Target enrollment is 20 subjects for Study 204 and ≥ 10 subjects for Study 307.

Results
Follow-up is 24 months in Study 204 (with optional additional treatment up to 36 months) and 18 months in Study 307. Outcomes include safety, tolerability, change in kidney function, and percentage of subjects requiring KRT relative to historical data. Regular safety assessments monitor for possible adverse effects of treatment on parameters such as liver function, kidney function, fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and growth trajectory, with increased frequency of monitoring following tolvaptan initiation or dose escalation.

Conclusions
These trials will provide data on tolvaptan safety and efficacy in a population without disease-specific treatment options.

Trial registration
Study 204: EudraCT 2020–005991-36; Study 307: EudraCT 2020–005992-10.
Predictors of severity and outcome of multiple sclerosis relapses
Authors: Hosny Hassan Saad , Shehata Hatem Samir , Ahmed Sandra , Ramadan Ismail , Abdo Sarah Sherif , Fouad Amr Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The most common type of MS is the relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) where relapses are the main component of the disease course. However, the relationship between the characteristics of the relapses on one hand and their severity and outcome on the other hand has not been fully characterized.

Objectives
To explore the characteristics of relapses among a cohort of Egyptian MS patients and their relation to the severity and outcome of the disease.

Subjects and methods
We analyzed 300 attacks from 223 patients in a retrospective study to identify demographic, clinical and paraclinical (laboratory and radiological) factors affecting: 1- Severity of relapses (the difference between the EDSS at the day of maximum worsening and the EDSS before the onset of the attack). 2- Outcome of relapses (the difference between the EDSS at the day of maximum improvement and the EDSS before the onset of the relapse).

Results
Severe attacks were most likely to occur in patients who are males, single, presenting with poly-symptomatic presentation, slower tempo of evolution of attack symptoms, longer duration of the attack, absence of DMTs at the time of the attack. The risk of having a severe relapse is more than 3 times when the patient is single. Regarding attack outcome, poorly recovered attacks were more common in patients with older age at disease onset and at attack onset, male sex, higher number of relapses, longer duration of illness prior to the attack, severe relapses, polysymptomatic presentation, associated cognitive symptoms, slower tempo of symptom evolution, longer duration of the attack, patients on OCPs, smoking, and presence of black holes in brain MRI. The risk of having relapses with partial or no recovery is more than five times when the patient has black holes in brain MRI and more than 4 times when the patient is a smoker.

Conclusion
Bearing in mind the demographic characteristics as well as the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of each attack and their relation to attack severity and outcome are a key to understanding the individual disease course of every patient and hence tailoring the best therapeutic plan suitable for his individual needs. In other words, prompt, rapid intervention in male patients, polysymptomatic attacks, slower tempo of evolution of attack symptoms and longer duration of the attack should be adopted since these factors are predictive of severe relapses as well as poor relapse outcome.
Classification, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with progressive hemorrhagic injury after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Ren , Yang Dian-Xu , Ding Jun , Guo Yan , Ding Wan-Hai , Tian Heng-Li , Yuan Fang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
According to the pathoanatomic classification system, progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI) can be categorized into progressive intraparenchymal contusion or hematoma (pIPCH), epidural hematoma (pEDH), subdural hematoma (pSDH), and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (ptSAH). The clinical features of each type differ greatly. The objective of this study was to determine the predictors, clinical management, and outcomes of PHI according to this classification.

Methods
Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for PHI and each subgroup. Patients with IPCH or EDH were selected for subgroup propensity score matching (PSM) to exclude confounding factors before evaluating the association of hematoma progression with the outcomes by classification.

Results
In the present cohort of 419 patients, 123 (29.4%) demonstrated PHI by serial CT scan. Of them, progressive ICPH (58.5%) was the most common type, followed by pEDH (28.5%), pSDH (9.8%), and ptSAH (3.2%). Old age (≥ 60 years), lower motor Glasgow Coma Scale score, larger primary lesion volume, and higher level of D-dimer were independent risk factors related to PHI. These factors were also independent predictors for pIPCH, but not for pEDH. The time to first CT scan and presence of skull linear fracture were robust risk factors for pEDH. After PSM, the 6-month mortality and unfavorable survival rates were significantly higher in the pIPCH group than the non-pIPCH group (24.2% vs. 1.8% and 12.1% vs. 7.3%, respectively, p < 0.001), but not significantly different between the pEDH group and the non-pEDH group.

Conclusions
Understanding the specific patterns of PHI according to its classification can help early recognition and suggest targeted prevention or treatment strategies to improve patients’ neurological outcomes.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy and tuberculous meningoencephalitis occurring in a patient with Legionella pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Li Ke , Wu Jingwei , Chen Junwu , You Yong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a recently identified recurrent meningoencephalomyelitis with GFAP immunoglobulin G presence in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a specific biomarker. GFAP astrocytopathy is closely associated with the occurrence of some tumors and often coexists with other antibodies, such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and aquaporin-4 antibodies. However, GFAP astrocytopathy complicated by central nervous system infection is rare.

Case presentation
Here, we present the case of a patient admitted to a local hospital due to a prominent fever and cough. The patient had a 1-month history of headaches before admission that were not considered serious at the time. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed a high sequence number of Legionella pneumophila and a few mycobacteria. His cough and fever improved significantly after antibiotic treatment. Still, a slight headache remained. Subsequently, his condition worsened, and he visited our hospital with a disturbance of consciousness. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected with mNGS of the CSF, while the CSF and serum were also positive for GFAP antibodies. Following anti-tuberculosis and steroid therapy, the patient’s symptoms improved, and he tested negative for the GFAP antibody.

Conclusion
This is the first reported case of GFAP astrocytopathy complicated by tuberculous meningoencephalitis. Due to overlaps in the clinical manifestations of the two diseases, GFAP astrocytopathy is sometimes misdiagnosed as tuberculous meningoencephalitis. Therefore, in addition to ensuring careful identification of the two diseases, clinicians need to be aware of their possible co-existence.