bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Cloud Vertical Structure Over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau in Summer
Authors: Ma Jiali , Yao Xiuping , Yuan Cheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCloud vertical structure (CVS) has important influence on cloud radiative effect and atmospheric circulation, especially for the third pole of the world–the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the characteristics and formation mechanism of the CVS over the TP are not well understood. This study revealed the characteristics and formation mechanism of the CVS over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) in summer using the radiosonde datasets and the ERA5 data sets during June–August from 2015 to 2021. Results show that SETP is cloudy for 71% of the summertime with 73% of the clouds single–layered and 27% multi–layered. Multi–layer cloud occurs more frequently over the eastern SETP. With the number of cloud layers increases, the vertical range of cloud increases but the layer thickness and the inter–layer distance decrease. Water vapor, ascent, circulation and vertical wind shear are important factors for CVS formation. Single–layer cloud tends to form when the strengthening of the water vapor and the ascent is most significant at 400 hPa. In comparison, a stronger South Asian High (SAH) brings more water vapor and stronger ascent to the upper level, helping form the upper cloud and favoring the two–layer cloud structure. Three–layer cloud is likely to form when the upper–level vertical wind shear strengthens and the ascent between the middle and low cloud layer weakens. This study deepens the scientific understanding of the characteristics and formation mechanism of the CVS over the TP, and provides scientific reference for modeling the cloud–climate feedback process over the plateau.
Role of Oceanic Internal Instability in the Generation of Low‐Frequency Variability in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Anjana S. , Chatterjee A. , Han W. , Prerna S. , Sajidh C. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow‐frequency (Interannual and longer timescale) variability in sea surface temperature (SST) of the Indian Ocean plays a crucial role in affecting the regional climate. Using a high‐resolution global model simulation, we show that internal oceanic variability is an important cause of the observed low‐frequency variability in the subtropical‐midlatitude south Indian Ocean (SIO) between 20° and 40°S, a marked southward shift in the latitude band of active internal variability for the low‐frequency compared to earlier estimates based on coarser Indian Ocean regional models. Notably, we show that internal variability does not contribute to the observed low‐frequency variability in the Seychelles−Chagos thermocline ridge region. Energy budget analysis shows that baroclinic instability is the primary cause for the internal variability. The slowly growing baroclinic instabilities at low frequency and longer length scale favor Rossby waves' generation, propagating the SST and sea level anomaly signals westward.
Compositional Variability of 2.0‐Ga Lunar Basalts at the Chang'e‐5 Landing Site
Authors: Boschi Samuele , Wang Xiao‐Lei , Hui Hejiu , Yin Zongjun , Guan Yue , Hu Huan , Zhang Wenlan , Chen Jiayang , Li Weiqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChina's Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) mission successfully returned a total of 1.731 kg of lunar material from the north‐eastern Oceanus Procellarum region. Young (∼2.0 Ga) ages were reported from the CE‐5 basalts. However, there are controversies on whether they are low‐Ti or high‐Ti mare basalt type. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive petrographic, elemental, and Pb isotopic investigation on a 17.6 mg CE‐5 basalt clast (CE5C0000YJYX048). By combining high‐resolution X‐ray tomography of the clast and microbeam (scanning electron microscope SEM, electron probe microanalyzer EPMA) analyses of mineral grains peeled off the clast surface, we derived the bulk clast chemical composition with a very small sample consumption (i.e., <3 mg). The poikilitic clast has a bulk TiO2 content of 3.78 ± 1.01 wt%, which is representative of a low‐Ti basalt end‐member in the lunar mare basalts samples. Furthermore, the pyroxene in the studied clast is dominantly pigeonite, in contrast to other reported CE‐5 samples where augite is the dominant pyroxene mineralogy. Despite these compositional peculiarities, in situ secondary ion mass spectrometer dating yielded a Pb‐Pb age of 2,040 ± 22 Ma for the fragment, which is consistent with ages reported from other CE‐5. Based on the chemical and age data analyzed in this study, it can be concluded that the lunar basalts obtained from the CE‐5 mission originated from a low‐Ti mare basalt‐type source. The mineral composition of the mare basalt clast studied, which is dominated by pigeonite, fayalite, and anorthite, likely resulted from late‐stage magmatic crystallization when the magma was enriched in Fe.
Low‐Temperature Thermochronological Perspective on Geodynamic Evolution of the Cathaysia Block Since Early Mesozoic
Authors: Wu Jinghua , Li Huan , Danišík Martin , Yonezu Kotaro , Zheng Han , Li Zhihan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMesozoic intrusive rocks are extensively outcropped in the Cathaysia Block (CB), indicating that they underwent significant exhumation after being formed. However, tectonothermal evolution of the CB during Mesozoic–Cenozoic times is still poorly constrained and associated geodynamic mechanisms driving the regional exhumation remain elusive. Toward this end, we present first zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He data of eight Mesozoic granitic plutons distributed across the intracontinental CB. Our new dating results are integrated with a compilation of regional low‐temperature thermochronological data to determine the CB evolution in a tectonic and topographic evolution framework. Zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He central ages of the eight granitoids range from 146 to 30 and 82 to 31 Ma, respectively, implying a long‐lasting exhumation of the intracontinental CB. Inverse thermal modeling of the thermochronological data for the eight plutons indicates that the intracontinental CB underwent three exhumation phases at 150–110, 110–85, and 66–38 Ma, of which the former two exhumation phases were prolonged and significant. A compilation of regional thermochronological data reveals a propagating locus of fast exhumation phase from the intracontinental CB to the seaward epicontinental CB over time. Combined with other geological evidence, we infer that primary exhumation events of the CB resulted from changing subduction processes of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate, which include slab break‐off and foundering in the Late Jurassic, progressive slab retreat in the Early Cretaceous, and normal subduction in the Late Cretaceous, with minor exhumation events presumably triggered by the Paleogene opening of the South China Sea Basin.
No Consistent Simulated Trends in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation for the Past 6,000 Years
Authors: Jiang Zhiyi , Brierley Chris M. , Bader Jürgen , Braconnot Pascale , Erb Michael , Hopcroft Peter O. , Jiang Dabang , Jungclaus Johann , Khon Vyacheslav , Lohmann Gerrit , Marti Olivier , Osman Matthew B. , Otto‐Bliesner Bette , Schneider Birgit , Shi Xiaoxu , Thornalley David J. R. , Tian Zhiping , Zhang Qiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key feature of the North Atlantic with global ocean impacts. The AMOC's response to past changes in forcings during the Holocene provides important context for the coming centuries. Here, we investigate AMOC trends using an emerging set of transient simulations using multiple global climate models for the past 6,000 years. Although some models show changes, no consistent trend in overall AMOC strength during the mid‐to‐late Holocene emerges from the ensemble. We interpret this result to suggest no overall change in AMOC, which fits with our assessment of available proxy reconstructions. The decadal variability of the AMOC does not change in ensemble during the mid‐ and late‐Holocene. There are interesting AMOC changes seen in the early Holocene, but their nature depends a lot on which inputs are used to drive the experiment.
Interhemispheric Conjugacy of Multiple Transpolar Arcs
Authors: Thor S. , Kullen A. , Cai L. , Katrougkalou M. C. , Zhang Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple transpolar arcs appearing simultaneously in the polar cap have gained much interest in recent years. By analyzing Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imagers data, we report for the first time, that less than half of the multiple arc events occur simultaneously in both hemispheres. In 60% of the cases, multiple arcs appear in only one hemisphere. There is a clear difference in interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions for those two groups. Conjugate multiple arcs appear on average during stronger northward IMF and smaller IMF clock angles than non‐conjugate multiple arcs. Only non‐conjugate multiple arcs show a dependence on IMF BX. They form in the northern (southern) hemisphere during negative (positive) BX. An IMF BX induced interhemispheric asymmetry in the magnetospheric field line topology might explain why multiple arcs appear sometimes in only one hemisphere.
Efficient Scattering Loss of Energetic Electrons by Enhanced Higher‐Band ECH Waves Observed by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Yang Qiwu , Liu Si , Yang Hongming , Zhang Sai , Tang Jiawen , Xiao Fuliang , Zhou Qinghua , Gao Zhonglei , He Yihua , Deng Zhoukun , Li Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves, which are responsible for the diffuse aurora, are usually observed with the strongest intensity in the first band. Here, we present observations of enhanced higher‐band ECH with wave intensities above 10−3 mV2m−2 Hz−1 by Van Allen Probes. Fully thermal simulation results indicate that these waves can be locally excited by the observed electron distributions, and higher plasma density and lower magnetic strength are favorable for generating the enhanced higher‐band ECH. The pitch angle diffusion coefficient of the higher‐band ECH can exceed 10−5 s−1 inside the loss cone for energetic electrons (300 eV–∼15 keV), greater than the momentum diffusion coefficient by ∼100 times. It is suggested that the enhanced higher‐band ECH can also efficiently scatter these electrons into the loss cone and contribute to the diffuse aurora.
BLM helicase overexpressed in human gliomas contributes to diverse responses of human glioma cells to chemotherapy
Authors: Wojnicki Kamil , Kaczmarczyk Agnieszka , Wojtas Bartosz , Kaminska Bozena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost of anti-tumour therapies eliminate neoplastic cells by introducing DNA damage which ultimately triggers cell death. These effects are counteracted by activated DNA repair pathways to sustain tumour proliferation capacity. RECQL helicases family, including BLM, participate in DNA damage and repair, and prevent the replication stress. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common, malignant brain tumour that inevitably recurs despite surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Expression and functions of the BLM helicase in GBM therapy resistance have not been elucidated. We analysed expression and localisation of BLM in human gliomas and several glioma cell lines using TCGA datasets, immunostaining and Western blotting. BLM depleted human glioma cells were generated with CRISPR/Cas9 system. Effects of chemotherapeutics on cell proliferation, DNA damage and apoptosis were determined with flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and RNA sequencing. We found upregulated BLM mRNA levels in malignant gliomas, increased cytosolic localisation and poor survival of GBM patients with high BLM expression. BLM deficiency in LN18 and LN229 glioma cells resulted in profound transcriptomic alterations, reduced cell proliferation, and altered cell responses to chemotherapeutics. BLM-deficient glioma cells were resistant to the TMZ and PARP inhibitor treatment and underwent polyploidy or senescence depending on the TP53 activity. Our findings of high BLM expression in GBMs and its roles in responses to chemotherapeutics provide a rationale for targeting BLM helicase in brain tumours. BLM deficiency affects responses of glioma cells to chemotherapeutics targeting PARP1 dependent pathways.
Machine learning for diagnosis of myocardial infarction using cardiac troponin concentrations
Authors: Doudesis Dimitrios , Lee Kuan Ken , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Bularga Anda , Ferry Amy V. , Tuck Chris , Lowry Matthew T. H. , Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Nestelberger Thomas , Koechlin Luca , Bernabeu Miguel O. , Neubeck Lis , Anand Atul , Schulz Karen , Apple Fred S. , Parsonage William , Greenslade Jaimi H. , Cullen Louise , Pickering John W. , Than Martin P. , Gray Alasdair , Mueller Christian , Mills Nicholas L. ,   CoDE-ACS Investigators, Richards A. Mark , Pemberton Chris , Troughton Richard W. , Aldous Sally J. , Brown Anthony F. T. , Dalton Emily , Hammett Chris , Hawkins Tracey , O’Kane Shanen , Parke Kate , Ryan Kimberley , Schluter Jessica , Wild Karin , Wussler Desiree , Miró Òscar , Martin-Sanchez F. Javier , Keller Dagmar I. , Christ Michael , Buser Andreas , Giménez Maria Rubini , Barker Stephanie , Blades Jennifer , Chapman Andrew R. , Fujisawa Takeshi , Kimenai Dorien M. , Leung Jeremy , Li Ziwen , McDermott Michael , Newby David E. , Schulberg Stacey D. , Shah Anoop S. V. , Sorbie Andrew , Soutar Grace , Strachan Fiona E. , Taggart Caelan , Vicencio Daniel Perez , Wang Yiqing , Wereski Ryan , Williams Kelly , Weir Christopher J. , Berry Colin , Reid Alan , Maguire Donogh , Collinson Paul O. , Sandoval Yader , Smith Stephen W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough guidelines recommend fixed cardiac troponin thresholds for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, troponin concentrations are influenced by age, sex, comorbidities and time from symptom onset. To improve diagnosis, we developed machine learning models that integrate cardiac troponin concentrations at presentation or on serial testing with clinical features and compute the Collaboration for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Acute Coronary Syndrome (CoDE-ACS) score (0–100) that corresponds to an individual’s probability of myocardial infarction. The models were trained on data from 10,038 patients (48% women), and their performance was externally validated using data from 10,286 patients (35% women) from seven cohorts. CoDE-ACS had excellent discrimination for myocardial infarction (area under curve, 0.953; 95% confidence interval, 0.947–0.958), performed well across subgroups and identified more patients at presentation as low probability of having myocardial infarction than fixed cardiac troponin thresholds (61 versus 27%) with a similar negative predictive value and fewer as high probability of having myocardial infarction (10 versus 16%) with a greater positive predictive value. Patients identified as having a low probability of myocardial infarction had a lower rate of cardiac death than those with intermediate or high probability 30 days (0.1 versus 0.5 and 1.8%) and 1 year (0.3 versus 2.8 and 4.2%; P < 0.001 for both) from patient presentation. CoDE-ACS used as a clinical decision support system has the potential to reduce hospital admissions and have major benefits for patients and health care providers.
Cross-modality supervised image restoration enables nanoscale tracking of synaptic plasticity in living mice
Authors: Xu Yu Kang T. , Graves Austin R. , Coste Gabrielle I. , Huganir Richard L. , Bergles Dwight E. , Charles Adam S. , Sulam Jeremias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLearning is thought to involve changes in glutamate receptors at synapses, submicron structures that mediate communication between neurons in the central nervous system. Due to their small size and high density, synapses are difficult to resolve in vivo, limiting our ability to directly relate receptor dynamics to animal behavior. Here we developed a combination of computational and biological methods to overcome these challenges. First, we trained a deep-learning image-restoration algorithm that combines the advantages of ex vivo super-resolution and in vivo imaging modalities to overcome limitations specific to each optical system. When applied to in vivo images from transgenic mice expressing fluorescently labeled glutamate receptors, this restoration algorithm super-resolved synapses, enabling the tracking of behavior-associated synaptic plasticity with high spatial resolution. This method demonstrates the capabilities of image enhancement to learn from ex vivo data and imaging techniques to improve in vivo imaging resolution.
ARG1-expressing microglia show a distinct molecular signature and modulate postnatal development and function of the mouse brain
Authors: Stratoulias Vassilis , Ruiz Rocío , Kanatani Shigeaki , Osman Ahmed M. , Keane Lily , Armengol Jose A. , Rodríguez-Moreno Antonio , Murgoci Adriana-Natalia , García-Domínguez Irene , Alonso-Bellido Isabel , González Ibáñez Fernando , Picard Katherine , Vázquez-Cabrera Guillermo , Posada-Pérez Mercedes , Vernoux Nathalie , Tejera Dario , Grabert Kathleen , Cheray Mathilde , González-Rodríguez Patricia , Pérez-Villegas Eva M. , Martínez-Gallego Irene , Lastra-Romero Alejandro , Brodin David , Avila-Cariño Javier , Cao Yang , Airavaara Mikko , Uhlén Per , Heneka Michael T. , Tremblay Marie-Ève , Blomgren Klas , Venero Jose L. , Joseph Bertrand 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular diversity of microglia, the resident immune cells in the CNS, is reported. Whether microglial subsets characterized by the expression of specific proteins constitute subtypes with distinct functions has not been fully elucidated. Here we describe a microglial subtype expressing the enzyme arginase-1 (ARG1; that is, ARG1+ microglia) that is found predominantly in the basal forebrain and ventral striatum during early postnatal mouse development. ARG1+ microglia are enriched in phagocytic inclusions and exhibit a distinct molecular signature, including upregulation of genes such as Apoe, Clec7a, Igf1, Lgals3 and Mgl2, compared to ARG1– microglia. Microglial-specific knockdown of Arg1 results in deficient cholinergic innervation and impaired dendritic spine maturation in the hippocampus where cholinergic neurons project, which in turn results in impaired long-term potentiation and cognitive behavioral deficiencies in female mice. Our results expand on microglia diversity and provide insights into microglia subtype-specific functions.
Allele-aware chromosome-level genome assembly of the autohexaploid Diospyros kaki Thunb
Authors: Li Huawei , Sun Peng , Wang Yiru , Zhang Zhongren , Yang Jun , Suo Yujing , Han Weijuan , Diao Songfeng , Li Fangdong , Fu Jianmin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArtificially improving persimmon (Diospyros kakiThunb.), one of the most important fruit trees, remains challenging owing to the lack of reference genomes. In this study, we generated an allele-aware chromosome-level genome assembly for the autohexaploid persimmon ‘Xiaoguotianshi’ (Chinese-PCNA type) using PacBio CCS and Hi-C technology. The final assembly contained 4.52 Gb, with a contig N50 value of 5.28 Mb and scaffold N50 value of 44.01 Mb, of which 4.06 Gb (89.87%) of the assembly were anchored onto 90 chromosome-level pseudomolecules comprising 15 homologous groups with 6 allelic chromosomes in each. A total of 153,288 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 98.60% were functionally annotated. Repetitive sequences accounted for 64.02% of the genome; and 110,480 rRNAs, 12,297 tRNAs, 1,483 miRNAs, and 3,510 snRNA genes were also identified. This genome assembly fills the knowledge gap in the autohexaploid persimmon genome, which is conducive in the study on the regulatory mechanisms underlying the major economically advantageous traits of persimmons and promoting breeding programs.
Multimodal perturbation analyses of cyclin-dependent kinases reveal a network of synthetic lethalities associated with cell-cycle regulation and transcriptional regulation
Authors: Ford Kyle , Munson Brenton P. , Fong Samson H. , Panwala Rebecca , Chu Wai Keung , Rainaldi Joseph , Plongthongkum Nongluk , Arunachalam Vinayagam , Kostrowicki Jarek , Meluzzi Dario , Kreisberg Jason F. , Jensen-Pergakes Kristen , VanArsdale Todd , Paul Thomas , Tamayo Pablo , Zhang Kun , Bienkowska Jadwiga , Mali Prashant , Ideker Trey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCell-cycle control is accomplished by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), motivating extensive research into CDK targeting small-molecule drugs as cancer therapeutics. Here we use combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 perturbations to uncover an extensive network of functional interdependencies among CDKs and related factors, identifying 43 synthetic-lethal and 12 synergistic interactions. We dissect CDK perturbations using single-cell RNAseq, for which we develop a novel computational framework to precisely quantify cell-cycle effects and diverse cell states orchestrated by specific CDKs. While pairwise disruption of CDK4/6 is synthetic-lethal, only CDK6 is required for normal cell-cycle progression and transcriptional activation. Multiple CDKs (CDK1/7/9/12) are synthetic-lethal in combination with PRMT5, independent of cell-cycle control. In-depth analysis of mRNA expression and splicing patterns provides multiple lines of evidence that the CDK-PRMT5 dependency is due to aberrant transcriptional regulation resulting in premature termination. These inter-dependencies translate to drug–drug synergies, with therapeutic implications in cancer and other diseases.
Large variation in the movement of individual broiler chickens tracked in a commercial house using ultra-wideband backpacks
Authors: Baxter Mary , O’Connell Niamh E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur understanding of the movement patterns of individual broiler chickens in large flocks is extremely limited. Here we report the use of a Real Time Locating System to track individual broilers in a house of 28 000 birds. Broilers were fitted with backpacks containing ultra-wideband tags on day 21 (N = 8 broilers) or day 24 (N = 9 broilers), with tags recording positioning and distance data until Day 38. Tagged birds were penned overnight on Day 31 to avoid ‘thinning’. We found no clear evidence of broilers consistently creating similar sized “home ranges”. Some broilers spent most time < 10 m from where they were originally found while others visited at least 90% of the house in the period before thinning. While some broilers rapidly returned to the area they were collected from at thinning, the majority did not. Movement data suggested that broilers that restricted themselves to smaller areas of the house were not necessarily less active. Although there was an average reduction in movement with age, this was not linear and there was individual variation. There was also no clear association between movement patterns and broiler weight or gait score, suggesting a more complicated relationship between activity, ranging and some welfare measures.