bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of some Biocides in the Tomato leaf Miner Tuta Absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Laboratory
Authors: Ali Salah Nuri , Muhammad Jumaa Taha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe experiment was conducted in the Entomology Laboratory/Plant Protection Department/College of Agriculture and Forestry/Mosul University/Iraq in the year 2021, to evaluated the toxicity of biocides,Beauveria bassiana(Bals.) Vuill, (conc. 1, 3, 5 g/L)Bacillus thuringiensisvar.kurstaki(conc. 1, 3, 5 g/L), Spinosad (conc. 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 ml/L) and Neem plant extract(Azadirachta indica)(conc. 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 ml/L) on the third larval instar and pupal stage of tomato leafminer (TLM) under laboratory conditions, 25 - 27 °C, and the average relative humidity was 60 - 65%. The results of the study showed that the treatment with Spinosad at a concentration of 0.60 mm/L was significantly superior compared to the rest of the biocides, with an average mortality of 86.67% and 90.67% for larvae and pupae, respectively. All biocides differed significantly compared to the control, which amounted to 0.00%, and the highest mean of larval mortality was 71.67% for the reading after ten days of treatment, which differed significantly compared to the reading after one and three days of treatment, which amounted to 23.89 and 50.56%, respectively. While the reading after nine days of treatment outperformed significantly, and recorded the highest average of pupal mortality, which amounted to 68.00%, compared to the lowest average reading after seven days of treatment, which amounted to 44.00%. The treatment with the biocides B.thuringensisat a concentration of 1, 3 and 5 g/L was superior, with the lowest average percentage of transformation of larva to pupal stage reaching 15.56, 2.22 and 0.00%, respectively, compared to the rest of the concentrations of other biocides and the control, which was 73.33%. The biocidesB.thuringensiswas significantly superior to the rest of the biocides, and the lowest average percentage of emergence was recorded, as it reached 6.67% in the third concentration 5 g/L, which did not differ significantly compared to the third concentration of the rest of the biocides, however, it differed significantly compared to the rest of the concentrations of other biocides, and the control, as the highest mean of the percentage of emergence rate was 76.67%. It is noted from the study that all biocides had a significant effect on their toxicity to TLM compared to the control, and that the toxicity of biocides for the third larval instar and pupa of TLM increased with increasing concentration and number of days after treatment, and led to a decrease in the average percentage of adult emergence with an increase in concentration used compared to the control. From the results of this study, it is possible to introduce these pesticides in the integrated pest management programs for TLM in open fields and protected cultivation.
Phytochemical and Anti-Oxidant Investigation of Alexandrian senna L. Leaves Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: Al-Naqqash Zahraa A.E , Tawfeeq Tahany Amir , Eldalawy Rasha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Cassia acutifolia, which is commonly known as Alexandrian senna is a medicinal herb belong to family of Leguminosae, The famous use of this herbal shrub is as a laxative act by stimulation intestinal muscles to contract cause the rapid removal of waste matter. Several phytoconstituents present in Senna leaves mostly contain dianthrone glycosides one of anthraquinone derivates. Two crystalline anthraquinone glucosides sennoside A & B have been reported rich in the leaves and pods, in addition to many flavonoids and terpens. this study was designed to investigate the phytochemical component and antioxidant activity of Alexandrian senna L. leaves cultivated in Iraq. this is done by extraction of plant leaves after drying using hexane then ethanol through soxhlet extractor and determine the active ingredient in the leaves extracts using standards chemical test then the antioxindant activity has been evaluated using DPPH scavenging method. The results indicate the presence of important active ingredient such as flavonoids, saponin, carbohydrate, tannin, terpenoid and alkaloids and the leaves extract show a significant anti-oxidant activity at low level with IC50 26.7 as compared with their standard ascorbic acid.
The Synergistic Effect of Surfactants and Plant Oils on the Effectiveness of Levo to Control the Fourth Phase Larvae of the Great Wax Moth Galleria Mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Al-Baldawi Mofeed Moneim Ahmed , Baker Safaa Zakaria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The laboratory study aimed to know effect three surfactants (Inex-A, Stickon, Wetfix) and plant oils Includes Bitter apple oil Citrullus colocynthis, and Rosemary oil Rosmarinus officinalis on effectiveness five concentrations ppm ((30,40,50,60,70) for commercial pesticide plant origin Levo2.4SL (Oxymatrine) on fourth phase larvae to Great Wax Moth G.mellonella. The results showed that were significant differences in mortality percentage to fourth phase larvae of Great Wax Moth worm by the effects Levo pesticide on larvae, as (Levo + rosemary oil) treatment excelled in achieving highest larval mortality percentage 84%, followed by (Levo + bitter apple oil) treatment, with an average mortality percentage was 72%. while mortality percentage in (Steckon + Levo) and (wetfix + Levo) treatments was 70, 67.33, respectively. Levo pesticide efficacy decreased in (Inex + Levo) treatment to 38% compared with mortality percentage in before addition treatment to Levo pesticide, which amounted to 63.33%.
The Use of Bio-Manufactured Nano-Zinc from Bacillus cereus in the Control of Dreshslera oryzae Fungus
Authors: Mahmoud Ruaa Kamel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This research set out to create biosynthetic nano zinc ZnO-NPs by employing Bacillus cereus, characterize said nano zinc, and then test said nano zinc’s ability to thwart the spread of Dreshslera oryzae, the fungus responsible for rice’s brown spot disease. Bacillus cereus was used in a biological process to produce nano-sized zinc oxide, and this nano-sized zinc was then analyzed using a number of different methods. The ZnO-NPs generated from B. cereus had a nano zinc size of 22.48 nm, and their UV-Spectrophotometer examination indicated a significant absorption peak at 390 nm. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated that the particles are crystalline in nature. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that the ZnO-NP produced by the B. cereus bacteria are well coordinated, mostly spherical, and somewhat homogenous in size (ranging from 37 nm). Taking a three-dimensional image with the atomic force microscopes also confirmed the surface form of the bacterial bio-zinc oxide nanoparticles (AFM). It was also determined that a concentration of 20 g/ml of nano zinc is optimal for preventing the growth of the fungus D. oryzae, which is responsible for the brown spot disease on rice. ZnO-NPs derived from B. cereus completely inhibited the growth of all of the tested fungal isolates, while the control treatment had no effect.
Effect of Growth Regulators and Melatonin on Growth and Production Active Substances of Mentha piperita L. in-Vitro
Authors: Fiasal Alhan Hamid , Al-Rekaby Layth Sareea 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Due to the importance of medicinal plants and their role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, this experiment aims to study the effect of growth regulators and the hormone melatonin on the mint plant and the extent of improving its production and quality to obtain the best quantities of active substances from the growing mint plant in vitro using the explant (developing apexes and nodes). The plant parts were planted after cutting them to a size of 1 cm and it was sterilized with ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% by spraying for one minute and sodium hypochlorite solution at a concentration of 10% for 20 minutes in agriculture tubes containing MS medium for tissue culture, various concentrations of growth regulators and melatonin are added, then incubated in a growth room at a temp. of 20-25 and brightness of about 1000 lux for 16 hr. of light and 8 hr. darkness. The results and data were recorded after 45 days, where the treatment NAA(1.0mg/l) BA(0.5mg/l) without melatonin gave the highest percentage of the active compounds(Cineole and β linens). While the treatment NAA(2.0mg/l) BA(1.0mg/l)and melatonin(5mg/l) gave the highest percentage of the active compounds (D-Limonene and α pinene).
The Effect of Sorghum Bicolor Extracts and Lower Rate of Trifluralin Herbicide on Weeds in Vigna Sinensis L.
Authors: Sarbout Ali Kareem , Sharhan Majid Hanoon , Abbood Suhair Saheb 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Allelopathic influence of Sorghum bicolor cultivar (Cv Enqatht) on the growth and development of a few weeds test (Beta vulgaris L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Malva rotundifoloia L.) and weeds company with Vigna Sinensis L. crop were investigated. All treatments significantly (0.05) reduced total weed density by (32.4) and total dry biomes by 57.1)n gm above control at a rate of 4 gm kg-1 soil results pots experiment. However, when the 8gm.kg-1 of soil was put to pots altered with Sorghum bicolor residual residue, the decrease was much greater. The second experiment was done using a R.C.B.D design to investigate the effects of Sorghum bicolor decarase (rate 800 g. meter-2) on the development of Vigna Sinensis L. crop and companion weeds, compared to a control treatment and a full rate of Trifluraln herbicide (50 percent) (2.4 L.h-1). The field experiment result showed a trend of Sorghum bicolor residue at 800 gm/kgm effect on number of company weed of Vigna Sinensis L., crops by (38, 4.7, 24, 10.67, 38.7) and biomass (68, 63.7, 61.7, 22.33, 27.3) gm compared to control treatment, however, this reduction was further increased when the 50 percent full rate of herbicide was applied to plots amended with Sorghum bicolor residues. In comparison to the control treatment, the application of Sorghum bicolor residues in conjunction with a 50 percent rate of trifluralin boosted biological yield and harvest index of Vigna Sinensis L. crops. Conclusion: Sorghum bicolor residue might be employed as a realistic and ecologically sound weed management and soil enhancement strategy for Vigna Sinensis growing crops.
Influence of Planting Date and Kinetin Concentration on Thermal Accumulation and Some Growth Trails in Barley
Authors: Mohammed Labed Shareef 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Alsufia - Al-Ramadi city - Al-Anbar governorate Republic of Iraq at winter season 2020-2021 on sandy loam soil. The experiment included 12 treatment resulted from the combination of planting date Oct25, Nov10, Nov25 and Dec10 ( main plots) and kinetin concentration 0,30 and 60 mg L-1( sub plots ) using RCBD with split plot arrangement and three replications. The results revealed that the plants of first planting date recorded 91 days until booting stage and reduced gradually to 60 days at fourth date. First planting date score highest thermal accumulation at 1876 C and declined to lowest value at third date (1389) C. Fourth planting date gave the highest CGR (0.127) g day-1 and NAR (0.00028) g cm-2 day-1. The concentration of kinetin 30 mg L-1 surpass in CGR significantly, but kinetin concentration have on significant effect on NAR.
Gender perspective as the consumer behavior of buying organic rice: A case study in China and Thailand
Authors: Witjaksono J , Rusdin  , Dahya  , Imran  , Sutisna E , Asmin  , Seerasarn N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Organic farming is being rapidly growing in developing countries such Thailand and China as well. Food safety and quality issues have sparked consumers’ awareness and make them to be doubtful towards conventional food products as consequence citizens of developed countries have shown a significant interest towards organic products. Data for the study were collected in Bangkok Thailand and Beijing China from 100 consumers. The sampling was carried using a multi-stage method. The results of t-tests revealed that those unaware of organic food group topped the six-point scale statement, for females 2.0909, and for the males 2.0000 which implies that majority of the males were comparatively unaware of organic foods or the benefit of organic food. Furthermore, the group of don’t trust the label/ don’t think it is really a certified organic food fell into the second category from the results of the t- test in which males 0.7407, and for the females 2.1096 were significant. The findings indicated that consumer’s willingness to pay for organic food is influenced by some characteristics such as nutritive value, taste, freshness, appearance, colour and other sensory characteristics.
Addition of avocado (persea americana) leaf extract and carrot (daucus carota) leaf extract in starter phase broiler feed for production of low-fat meat for elderly
Authors: Utami M M D , Dewi A C , Ningsih N , Maulana F B R , Islamianda S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
High-fat meat causes fatty liver, hypertension, stroke, and heart attack becomes less safe for the elderly. The research used plants that have the potential to reduce fat synthesis. This study was conducted in the starter phase to provide an overview of performance and fatty conditions in the finisher phase. In vivo testing of 84 broilers using a completely randomized design with seven treatments used commercial feed as basal feed, avocado leaf extract, and carrot leaf extract. The treatment is as follows: T1: basal feed (control) did not add ALE and CLE; T2: basal feed + (2.5% ALE and 2.5% CLE); T3: basal feed + (5% ALE and 5% CLE), T4: basal feed + (5% ALE and 0% CLE), T5: basal feed + (5% ALE and 2.5% CLE); T6: basal feed + (0% ALE and 5% CLE); T7: basal feed + (2.5% ALE and 5% CLE). The treatment is carried out for 21 days, and the parameters of the study were feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The diet with a CLE at 5% gave the lowest feed conversion in the first and the third weeks (P<0.05). Feed consumption and body weight gain in the first and second weeks were highest in the use of ALE and CLE at 2.5% respectively increasing the body weight in the first and the second weeks. The avocado leaf extract and carrot leaf extract used in the diet improve the feed conversion of broilers in the starter phase.
The Breeding of Free-range Chickens and Purebred Chickens with Artificial Insemination Technology on Fertility and Hatchability Using Manual Incubator
Authors: Tanjungsari A. , Andaruisworo S. , Yuniati E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The breeding of free-range chickens and purebred chickens with insemination technology made using a manual incubator to get DOC meat with a large number. The aims to this study is to determine the results of breeding of free-range chickens and purebred chickens with artificial insemination technology using a manual incubator on fertility and hatchability. This research used descriptive method using the chi-square test which is useful for predicting the effect of expectations. This research used 10 males free-range chickens aged 1-1.5 years and 100 females purebred chickens with 10-15 months old in healthy condition and individually caged, feed given a mixture of concentrate, fine bran, and yellow corn. Insemination made 3 times in a week, cement storage using the massage method and accommodated in a measuring cup which is then injected into the hens purebred chicken. Results of this study were the highest percentage of fertility is at stage 4 with a value of 86.11% while the lowest percentage in stages 2 and 3 with a value of 83.3%. The highest hatchability percentage was at stage 4 with a value of 87.09% while the lowest percentage was in stage 2 with a value of 81.66%.
Evaluation of rubber seed meal (Hevea brasiliensis) by fermentation method using Rhizopus oligosporus and Neurospora sitophila fungi
Authors: Pantaya D , Wulandari S , Yulinarsari A P , Poernomo H 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRubber seeds are plantation waste that can be used because they contain important nutrients for the body. However, rubber seeds also contain anti-nutritional substances in the form of cyanide acid (HCN). This study aims to evaluate the content of rubber seeds through the fermentation method with yeast based on the fungiRhizopus oligosporus(tempeh yeast) andNeurospora sitophila(red oncom yeast) so that they are safe for consumption. The types of fungi came from the Feed technology Laboratory, Jember State Polytechnic. The dose of yeast was adjusted according to the treatment. The curing time is 48 hours at 30°C. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3x5 factorial pattern. The factor I was the type of microbes used. Factor II was the dose of yeast (0%;0.8%;1.6%;3.2%;6.4%). Each treatment was repeated 2 times. The different results were continued with Duncan’s multiple distance test to determine the differences between treatments. All of the fungi had the ability to degrade rubber seed HCN at yeast doses up to 6.4% (concentration 109CFU/g). However, fermentation withNeurospora sitophilaresulted in a higher protein content of rubber seeds, namely 20.64% when compared to usingRhizopus oligosporus, which was 19.93% (incubation time of 48 hours).
Analysis and Design of Internal Traceability System for Rice Processing Industry
Authors: Purwandoko P B , Seminar K B , Sutrisno  , Sugiyanta  , Litaay C , Sriharti  , Triyono A , Mayasti N K I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Data management is needed to monitor production so business processes run according to operational standards. The rice processing industry’s data management system is still manually, causing ineffectiveness. Therefore, an information system that captures and records all business activities is needed. This study aimed to develop an internal traceability system design that is used to document all material flows during rice processing. Based on the results obtained, the business process in the rice processing industry consists of three main activities: receiving raw materials, processing products, and warehousing the final product. The traceability system requirements modeling is done by compiling an information system architecture, analyzing data and information requirements using UML (Unified Modeling Language) object-oriented class diagrams, and developing a user interface (UI) design for the system. The result of this study is a system design that can ensure that the input (a receipt of raw materials), process, and output (final product) are well connected to be used for monitoring rice processing. Furthermore, the application of the traceability system can have a positive impact on the industry, government, and consumers.
Development of Automatic Pond Reservoir System to Support Automatic Surface Vehicle
Authors: Destarianto P , Hartadi D R , Ayuninghemi R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Water quality is an important segment in shrimp farming. The main factor of water in ponds is seen from several dimensions, including the amount of dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature. The implementation of the farmers at the research site uses a waterwheel approach for toot oxygen, KOH/Lime for pH, and circulating water in the pond for temperature. As the main factor, water must meet standards, oxygen levels (3-7ppm), pH (7-9pH), and temperature (24-32°C). This standardization aims to produce optimal shrimp culture considering that shrimp is one of the sensitive and cannibalistic animals. For example, if the temperature or pH suddenly changes, the shrimp will eat each other, but this standardization is challenging for farmers due to limitations. Human Resources. This study aims to develop an Automatic Pond Reservoir. The system built in this study implements fuzzy logic control on the Arduino for the classification process. It triggers the Pond Reservoir to ensure the water remains in optimal conditions for shrimp growth and development. The results of the tests were 282 times, showing an accuracy of 90%.
Attitude, intention, and behavior to reduce food waste among generation X
Authors: Purwanto E , Biasini N , Yulianto A , Gunawan T , Wati V O 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Food waste is a global problem that affects food safety and the sustainability of the food supply chain. Unfortunately, food waste is still a big problem for Indonesia. Regarding Bappenas, from 2000 to 2019, Indonesia disposed of 23 to 48 million tons of food waste annually, equivalent to 115 to 184 kilograms per capita per year. In response to this issue, in this study, we try to see how people’s attitudes toward food waste will contribute to raising their intentions and actions to cut down on food waste. This study aimed to examine the impact of mindset on Indonesians’ desire to and actions to reduce food waste. The study used a convenience sampling technique, with a total sample of 231. Respondents are Generation X, who are currently 41 to 52 years old. Data was gathered from March to May 2022. The study’s results prove that attitude positively and significantly affects intention and behavior to cut down on food waste. Additionally, the impact of the intention to reduce food waste also emerged as a key factor. Limitation: This study only looks at how attitudes affect Generation Gen X’ intentions and behavior to prevent food waste.. The paper does not include Baby Boomers, Generation Y, and Generation Z in the analysis. Future research and publications can consist of or analyze the impact of attitude on the intention and behaviour of Gen Y or Gen Z members to reduce food waste.
Building early drought forecasting model in the Dak Dak province using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Thai Nguyen Trung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Drought is a natural disaster that has severe economic and environmental consequences. In the Dak Lak province, drought has frequently occurred in recent years, causing severe water scarcity in the dry season. Therefore, drought forecasting information will be essential to take timely response measures for water resource management and agricultural production. This study used machine learning methods for drought forecasting in the Dak Lak province. The three machine learning models used in this study include Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forest (RF), combined with the use of the Standardized Precipitation - Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to predict meteorological droughts. Results showed that the ANN models give high accuracy in the drought prediction for the study area.
Mapping agro-climatic zone for coffee crop in the Srepok River Basin
Authors: Tram Nguyen Ngoc Bich , Sieng Nguyen Thuy , Khoi Dao Nguyen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to map the agro-climatic zone for Robusta coffee crop in the Srepok River Basin. In this study, the trends of temperature and precipitation were identified using by the Mann – Kendall non-parametric test, the water deficit was calculated based on the CROPWAT model, and the agro-climatic zones for Robusta coffee crop were mapped using geographic information system (GIS). Results showed that the average annual temperature and the average annual rainfall had increasing trends. In addition, five agro-climatic zones were identified in the study area, including very appropriate, appropriate, neutral, restricted and inappropriate. Most of the territory was classified as Moderately Suitable for Robusta coffee. Suitable areas for the coffee cultivation were found in the east of the basin. Agro-climatic zoning will help managers and farmers improve crop yields effectively, avoid climate risks and maximize local advantages.