bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically Predicted Differences in Systolic Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study in Chinese Adults
Authors: Clarke Robert , Wright Neil , Walters Robin , Gan Wei , Guo Yu , Millwood Iona Y. , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Lewington Sarah , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Avery Daniel , Lin Kuang , Wang Kang , Peto Richard , Collins Rory , Li Liming , Bennett Derrick A. , Parish Sarah , Chen Zhengming ,   on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group‡
Published: January 2023

Background:
Mendelian randomization studies of systolic blood pressure (SBP) can assess the shape and strength of the associations of genetically predicted differences in SBP with major disease outcomes and are less constrained by biases in observational analyses. This study aimed to compare the associations of usual and genetically predicted SBP with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, overall and by levels of SBP, age, and sex.

Methods:
The China Kadoorie Biobank involved a 12-year follow-up of a prospective study of 489 495 adults aged 40 to 79 years with no prior CVD and 86 060 with genetic data. Outcomes included major vascular events (59 490/23 151 in observational/genetic analyses), and its components (ischemic stroke [n=39 513/12 043], intracerebral hemorrhage [7336/5243], and major coronary events [7871/4187]). Genetically predicted SBP used 460 variants obtained from European ancestry genome-wide studies. Cox regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios for incident CVD outcomes down to usual SBP levels of 120 mm Hg.

Results:
Both observational and genetic analyses demonstrated log-linear positive associations of SBP with major vascular event and other major CVD types in the range of 120 to 170 mm Hg. Consistent with the observational analyses, the hazard ratios per 10 mm Hg higher genetically predicted SBP were 2-fold greater for intracerebral hemorrhage (1.71 [95% CI, 1.58–1.87]) than for ischemic stroke (1.37 [1.30–1.45]) or major coronary event (1.29 [1.18–1.42]). Genetic analyses also demonstrated 2-fold greater hazard ratios for major vascular event in younger (1.69 [95% CI, 1.54–1.86]) than in older people (1.28 [1.18–1.38]).

Conclusions:
The findings provide support for initiation of blood pressure-lowering treatment at younger ages and below the conventional cut-offs for hypertension to maximize CVD prevention, albeit the absolute risks of CVD are far greater in older people.
Development of the Paternal Brain in Humans throughout Pregnancy
Authors: Diaz-Rojas Françoise , Matsunaga Michiko , Tanaka Yukari , Kikusui Takefumi , Mogi Kazutaka , Nagasawa Miho , Asano Kohei , Abe Nobuhito , Myowa Masako 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that paternal caregiving behaviors are reliant on neural pathways similar to those supporting maternal care. Interestingly, a greater variability exists in parental phenotypes in men than in women among individuals and mammalian species. However, less is known about when or how such variability emerges in men. We investigated the longitudinal changes in the neural, hormonal, and psychological bases of expression of paternal caregiving in humans throughout pregnancy and the first 4 months of the postnatal period. We measured oxytocin and testosterone, paternity-related psychological traits, and neural response to infant-interaction videos using fMRI in first-time fathers and childless men at three time points (early to mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy, and postnatal). We found that paternal-specific brain activity in prefrontal areas distinctly develops during middle-to-late pregnancy and is enhanced in the postnatal period. In addition, among fathers, the timing of the development of prefrontal brain activity was associated with specific parenting phenotypes.
The Supplementary Motor Area and Automatic Cognitive Control: Lack of Evidence from Two Neuromodulation Techniques
Authors: Guida Pasqualina , Foffani Guglielmo , Obeso Ignacio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The SMA is fundamental in planning voluntary movements and execution of some cognitive control operations. Specifically, the SMA has been known to play a dominant role in controlling goal-directed actions as well as those that are highly predicted (i.e., automatic). Yet, the essential contribution of SMA in goal-directed or automatic control of behavior is scarce. Our objective was to test the possible direct role of SMA in automatic and voluntary response inhibition. We separately applied two noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) inhibitory techniques over SMA: either continuous theta-burst stimulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial static magnetic field stimulation. Each NIBS technique was performed in a randomized, crossover, sham-controlled design. Before applying NIBS, participants practiced a go/no-go learning task where associations between stimulus and stopping behaviors were created (initiation and inhibition). After applying each NIBS, participants performed a go/no-go task with reversed associations (automatic control) and the stop signal task (voluntary control). Learning associations between stimuli and response initiation/inhibition was achieved by participants and therefore automatized during training. However, no significant differences between real and sham NIBS were found in either automatic (go/no-go learning task) or voluntary inhibition (stop signal task), with Bayesian statistics providing moderate evidence of absence. In conclusion, our results are compatible with a nondirect involvement of SMA in automatic control of behavior. Further studies are needed to prove a noncausal link between prior neuroimaging findings relative to SMA controlling functions and the observed behavior.
Sentimental Novels and Anti-Sentimental Heroines: Womanhood Redefined in Late Eighteenth-Century British Novels
Authors: Yap Oak Joo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Protagonists in the eighteenth-century British sentimental novel persevere in the face of extreme misery to remain chaste or to uphold their moral principles as dictated by convention. These characters excessive sentiments were viewed as highly desirable even by many men. Yet at the same time, there was considerable resistance against sentimental novels as they were increasingly denounced for encouraging women to indulge in “overstretched sensibility.” Highlighting the unjust treatment of women rather than their virtues in enduring it, novels with an anti-sentimental stance present independent heroines who question traditional female gender norms or rebel against authority in the spirit of female freedom. This paper examines how the eighteenth-century British sentimental and anti-sentimental novels reflected societal views of women in an era in which women began to resist patriarchal restrictions. It demonstrates the extent to which women and attitudes towards women evolved, and how the notions of femininity were redefined during the waning years of the eighteenth century.
“Darling, Beauty is Pain”
Authors: Singpliam Porranee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
How has postfeminist media culture traveled transnationally? What contributes to the postfeminist media’s popularity in Thailand? This paper performs a content analysis of YouTube’s reality show, This is Me Vatanika. The show features gender issues and the promotion of gender equality, enhances women’s empowerment, encourages women’s leadership and rhetorically calls upon its viewers to partake in the process of self-invention. I draw upon postfeminist media culture and its sensibilities and argue that this reality show inspires a new modality of femininity endemic in Thai society and that it interpolates neoliberal women in line with the logic of wealth and class, all of which impact upon female bodies. I contend that postfeminist media is increasingly evident in Thai society and the audiences’ identification with and responses to the show underscore the structural gender arrangements within the society that can pose a hindrance to fully inventing oneself in the neoliberal culture.
Intraoperative prophylactic right ventricular assist device in prevention of postcardiotomy failure
Authors: Acuña Pais Beatriz , Varela Martínez María Á , Casais Pampín Rocío , Pita-Romero Caamaño Rafael , Legarra Calderón Juan J 
Published: January 2023

Objectives In patients at risk of developing right ventricular failure after cardiac surgery, right ventricular support with a ventricular assist device may be a promising strategy to reduce mortality. We present our experience with intraoperative right ventricular assist device implantation as a prevention strategy of right ventricular failure after cardiac surgery. Methods Between 2016 and 2022, we implanted four right ventricular assist devices prophylactically in a series of patients with surgical indication for valvular heart disease and high risk of postoperative right ventricular failure. Indications for the right ventricular assist device were suprasystemic pulmonary hypertension or severe right ventricular dysfunction. Results Externalization of the device cannulas through intercostal spaces was performed in three patients, allowing early mobilization and withdrawal without resternotomy. Removal of the device ocurred on the eighth postoperative day. ICU and hospital length of stay was 12 (±1.6) and 23 days (±4.2) respectively. Hospital mortality was null. No patient died during follow-up, mean follow-up was 32.5 months [1–72]. Patients improved their NYHA functional class up to grade II during follow-up. Conclusions Acute right ventricular failure after cardiac surgery remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic strategies to prevent postoperative right ventricular dysfunction may decrease the incidence of refractory postoperative right ventricular failure. We propose a novel approach to prevent right failure after cardiac surgery with prophylactic intraoperative ventricular assist device implantation.
Understanding the Message: Social and Cultural Constraints to Interpreting Weather Generated Natural Hazards
Authors: King David 
Published: January 2023

Globally there is an increase in the social and economic impacts of all natural hazards, and especially those that are generated by weather systems. Climate change is a part of this process, but it is most likely that long-term climate change will first become evident as an increase in natural disasters, especially flooding and drought. However, a major cause of increasing natural disasters is the growth and relocation of population, concentrating into complex urban settlements that proliferate infrastructure and property in vulnerable floodplains and the coastal fringe. While Australia has experienced a decline in the loss of life from natural hazards, the loss to business, agriculture and the economy in general has increased exponentially. Weather generated natural disasters dominate the total disaster bill. Vulnerability to natural hazards may be reduced through hazard education and effective warnings. The communication of weather information is inevitably a top down process. Understanding of information and in particular, warnings about hazardous events involves a public safety transfer of knowledge from highly specialised scientists through emergency managers, local politicians and the media, to every member of society. Research shows that selection, interpretation and expression of information and warnings occurs at institutional and societal levels. Both the media and the general public select, re-interpret, and weigh up information about weather and hazards, applying a complex set of attitudes, perceptions, experience and misinformation to the initial message. An understanding of how people interpret the message is essential to the accuracy and safety of warnings and forecasts. Examples and case studies from post-disaster and behavioural research carried out by the Centre for Disaster Studies, and hazard events illustrate the issues of understanding the message. 1
Risk Assessment and the Disaster Resistant University (DRU) Program: The University of Louisville Approach
Authors: Human R. Josh , Palit Manasi , Simpson David M. 
Published: January 2023

While state and local governments are required to complete a Hazard Mitigation Plan under the dictates of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), universities are not required by that law to perform a similar planning and mitigation activity. FEMA's Disaster Resistant University (DRU) program was intended to encourage and promote mitigation among institutions of higher learning. The University of Louisville received a DRU planning grant under the second, and what was to be the last round of grants, of the program, as it was phased out as a designated set-aside of planning and mitigation funding for universities. This paper describes the University of Louisville approach to creating a University Hazard Mitigation Plan and the unique elements of conducting a risk assessment and vulnerability analysis for the campus that mirrors similar efforts in state and local hazards planning. The project has been a collaborative effort on the part of the practitioner unit on campus responsible for day-to-day emergency preparedness and safety (the Department of Environmental and Health Safety) and one of the university's research units, the Center for Hazards Research and Policy Development (CHR), an active research unit performing theoretical and applied hazards research projects at the local, regional and national level. The project has been successful in creating a method of risk assessment and classifying the exposure of structures and population. Key challenges have been access to data from various sources within the university and the ability to assess structural integrity from existing building inventory data. This paper concludes by identifying the need for meaningful risk assessment and more robust exposure models, and further suggests research issues that if addressed, would improve university disaster resilience.
Clinical Implications of Cultural Differences in Factors Influencing Resilience following Natural Disaster: A Narrative Review
Authors: Norris Kimberley , Anbarasu S.C. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose In the immediate aftermath of disasters, unaffected individuals and organisations attempt to help in whatever capacity may be available to them - including the provision of mental health interventions. It is therefore important to identify the mental health outcomes of such disaster in order for such help to target culturally appropriate interventions for these populations. Objective The objectives of this literature review were to identify and describe the mental health outcomes, interventions, and resilience or coping skills of survivors following natural disasters - namely earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis and floods -across different cultural settings. Methods Due to the small number of studies identified, a narrative approach was employed to compile the data. Results Twelve studies were identified for this review and PTSD was the most common mental health outcome identified. Even though there were some differences in resilience and coping strategies of natural disaster survivors, on a micro-environmental level, social support appeared to be common. On a macro-systemic level, community factors, such as community services, cultural factors, spirituality and religion contributed to resilience across several cultures. However, mental health interventions adopted varied across different cultures. Conclusion Mental health professionals can increase the extent to which they are viewed by victims as a viable source of assistance following a disaster by being aware of the impacts of culture and social class on mental health outcomes. Furthermore, targeting diversity among group members in the planning of disaster mental health services can likewise increase the trust with which diverse ethnic groups view mental health professionals. In essence, mental health professionals have to be innovative and think outside the box to meet the needs of disaster victims.
Giving and Receiving Aid
Authors: Perry Joseph B. , Hawkins Randolph , Neal David M. 
Published: January 2023

Most research devoted to the problem of giving aid in disaster has focused on the post impact period. In such situations there is usually altruism, but people tend to help family members, other relatives and friends before strangers. This research focuses on the impact period rather than the post impact period. Data were collected, with a mailed questionnaire, after the blizzard of January 1978 in the midwest of the U.S.A. during which people were immobilized for as much as five days. Several measures of giving and receiving help were obtained. The question considered here is do the findings on helping patterns toward victims in a post impact period apply also to a situation of prolonged impact. Respondents gave and received more help from relatives and friends than from strangers. However, friends rather than relatives both gave and received more help. The usual patterns of the importance of the primary group; family, relatives and friends seem to have prevailed. One of the main problems during blizzard impact may be the difficulties of persons who are physically and socially isolated.
A Contextual Approach to the Social Psychological Study of Disaster Recovery
Authors: Golec Judith A. 
Published: January 2023

The breakdown model has led to an irresolveable theoretical ant empirical stalemate in the literature of community-wide disaster. This paper attempts to move beyond the present debate toward an empirically grounded reconceptualization. The case study employee for this purpose is the collapse of the Teton Dam which occurred in the United States in 1976. In-depth interviews and archival male-rials are used to reconstruct, from the perspective of disaster victims, the typical (successful) and the atypical (unsuccessful) recovery patterns of three years. Both patterns are explainable by reference to social processes, i.e., to collective arrangement; created for distributing human and material resources used for the rebuilding effort. An inductively derived interpretive schema emphasizing the interconnecting linkages between disaster recovery, social resources and social relations is recommended. Three types of social relations—primary, institutional and ex-change—are identified as points of access into networks—primary, public welfare and private market—which control various types and amounts of needed resources. The organizational structure, the operational logic and the philosophy of relief associated with each network determines the distributional arrangements and consequently, the recovery patterns of disaster victims. Importantly, the distributive arrangement has a dual structure which reflects its local or extra-local pre-disastcr status. The expected utility of this interpretive schema is two-fold. It provides a more adequate understanding of the recovery experience compared to the breakdown model and it redirects research attention to previously unexplored or underexplored areas.
Simulation Study of Confusion at Terminal Train Stations Caused by Earthquake Warnings
Authors: Yoshil Hiroaki 
Published: January 2023

Three simulation models with different areas of application are developed in this report to predict the risk posed by the rapid return to their homes of people around terminal stations immediately after earthquake warnings issued in daytime. These are also useful tools to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to mitigate the risk. The applications of these models to several terminal stations and train lines with many passengers were carried out and the results indicate the following: 1. Around 30–40 percent of the people around terminal stations should walk home. 2. Those who intend to take trains should go to terminal stations three or four hours ahead of the time they might otherwise need. 3. Strong traffic control at passages and wicket gates should be undertaken by police officers and station staff as soon as possible. 4. It is very important to make an “earthquake diagram” and to keep it as available as possible. 5. Public officers involved in the planning for the prevention of disasters should build “information bases” at terminal stations to announce various types of information to waiting passengers after earthquake warnings have been issued. 6. Finally, public officers and managers of businesses around terminal stations should inform people for whom they are responsible, about the circumstances anticipated and the measures mentioned above.
The Community Recovery Process in the United States after a Major Natural Disaster
Authors: Rubin Claire B. 
Published: January 2023

After studying first-hand how 14 U.S. communities recovered from a major natural disaster, an organizing framework recovery process was developed. That framework depicts the dynamic processes that contribute to an efficient local recovery, including the key elements of recovery and the relationships among those factors. The three key elements are personal leadership, ability to act, and knowledge of what to do. Of paramount importance to an expeditious recovery is effective intergovernmental relations. In those communities where the speed and quality of recovery was greater, local officials had found ways to (a) ensure more productive intergovernmental relationships, (b) compete effectively for scarce resources, and (c) better manage community-level decisionmaking during the post-disaster period.
A Protocol for the Comparative Analysis of Sports Crowd Violence
Authors: Lewis Jerry M. 
Published: January 2023

This paper develops a protocol for the comparative analysis of the violent sports crowds. It argues that the study of fan violence should be theoretically informed and methodologically grounded. It describes the primary and secondary sources that can be used in the study of sport fan violence particularly when the investigator is not present when the violence happens. The paper begins with a review of Neil J. Smelser's model of collective behavior. It argues that the determinants of collective behavior proposed by Smelser are useful for analyzing fan violence. It is suggested that scholars should approach fan violence with a triangulation strategy. Triangulation is developed using primary and secondary sources. The sources include site visits, personal interviews, newspaper stories, photographs, and police documents. Studies from the United States and England are used to illustrate the protocol.
The Media in Disaster Threat Situations: Some Possible Relationships between Mass Media Reporting and Voluntarism
Authors: Phillips Brenda D. 
Published: January 2023

This research looks at possible relationships between mass media reporting and voluntarism in disaster-threat situations. The setting is a small mid-western city in the United States which was inundated by flood waters in March 1982. Data were collected through interviews with volunteers, organizational and public officials, and the media. Additionally, numerous documents pertaining to the media and volunteers are content analyzed. Observations made on-site supplement the interviews and documents. The media are found to have some effect in accordance with the suggestions of dependency theory. The media are also found to have been one of several instigators of increased voluntarism. Conflict arising out of media depiction of the volunteer effort is discussed. Further research on media effects of voluntarism in disaster situations is suggested.