bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple expression of Ig lambda-chain encoding RNA species in murine plasmacytoma cells.
Authors: Schwartz R C , Sonenshein G E , Bothwell A , Gefter M L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The murine plasmacytoma MOPC 315, which synthesizes a complete IgA molecule containing lambda 2 light chains, is shown to synthesize a polypeptide related to the lambda 1 light chain. The abnormal lambda 1 polypeptide (m.w. approximately equal to 18,000) is encoded by a shorter polyA+ mRNA than the lambda 1 mRNAs of lambda 1-producing plasmacytomas. Polypeptides containing lambda 1-specific antigenic determinants have been found to be synthesized both in vitro by translations of RNA and in intact cells. HOPC-1, a lambda 1-producing plasmacytoma, was found to synthesize, in addition to the normal lambda 1-encoding mRNA, a lambda 2 RNA of normal length. A lambda 2-producing hybridoma does not appear to synthesize RNA encoding lambda 1 sequences. The results presented here show that more than 1 light chain gene may be transcribed within a single plasmacytoma cell. Although more than 1 light chain gene may be transcribed, the product of only 1 gene appears to be utilized for the synthesis of complete immunoglobulin molecules. This suggests novel mechanisms for the control of immunoglobulin expression.
In vitro induction of tumoricidal and suppressor macrophages by lymphokines: possible feedback regulation.
Authors: Taramelli D , Holden H T , Varesio L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Proteose-peptone-induced macrophages (pM phi) from C57BL/6 (B6) mice were treated in vitro with lymphokine, and 2 functions were evaluated: the ability to suppress lymphokine production and the cytotoxic capacity against tumor target cells. When 10% to 20% pM phi treated with lymphokine were added to a lymphokine-producing system, strong inhibition of MIF and MAF production occurred. The suppression was not specific, since pM phi inhibited the production of lymphokine obtained by either mitogenic stimulation of normal spleen cells (NSC) or alloantigen stimulation of immune spleen cells (ISC). The suppressor cells were adherent, phagocytic, Thy 1.2 negative, with monocyte-macrophage-like morphology. Lymphokine-treated pM phi were also tumoricidal when tested in 18 hr microcytotoxicity assay against RL male 1 lymphoma target cells. However, using endotoxin-free reagents (less than or equal to 0.01 ng/ml of endotoxin by the LAL assay), we found that small amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were required, in addition to lymphokine, to induce tumoricidal activity in pM phi. In contrast, noncytotoxic pM phi stimulated with lymphokine alone were also able to inhibit lymphokine production, although not as effectively as pM phi stimulated by lymphokine plus LPS. Therefore, we concluded that lymphokine treatment itself is sufficient to induce M phi to become suppressor cells, whereas an additional signal is necessary to induce cytolytic activity. We suggest that there is a negative feedback mechanism of control on the lymphokine-producing cells through the activation of suppressor M phi by lymphokine.
Serum antibody-binding antibodies produced during a primary antibody response.
Authors: Cowdery J S , Steinberg A D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By using a solid phase radioimmunoassay we have demonstrated that immunization with either polyinosinic.polycytidylic acid (rl.rC) or TNP-Ficoll (both Tl-2 antigens) leads to the late production (day 10 to 15) of an IgG anti-antibody with specificity for the early (day 4 to 5) IgM produced in response to primary immunization. Adsorption of late sera with antigen removes anti-rl.rC or anti-TNP but does not remove anti-antibody. These results show that specific anti-antibody is found in serum during a primary immune response, and its appearance is coincident with a fall in serum anti-antigen. This suggests a possible role of autologous anti-antibody in regulation of a primary immune response.
Alternative induction of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma by Listeria monocytogenes in human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte cultures.
Authors: Nakane A , Minagawa T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Production of interferon (IFN) by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte (PBML) cultures was studied. Acid-labile IFN-gamma was produced in Ficoll-Hypaque-purified mononuclear cell cultures in response to heat-killed LM (HK-LM). However, plastic dish (PD)-nonadherent cells produced acid-stable IFN-alpha, whereas the cells reconstituted with PD-adherent cells (M phi) and PD-nonadherent cells produced IFN-gamma by HK-LM, IFN-gamma was produced only in a mixture of SRBC rosette-forming (T) cells and M phi. Neither T cells nor M phi produced IFN by HK-LM. On the other hand, IFN-alpha was produced from non-T and nylon wool-nonadherent (non-T, non-B) cells by stimulation with HK-LM in the absence of M phi. A reciprocal type of IFN produced in human PBML was absolutely dependent on the presence or absence of M phi. A soluble fraction extracted from sonically disrupted LM had a high potential to induce IFN-gamma in human PBML. Possible mechanism of the alternative production of IFN-gamma or IFN-alpha in human PBML by Listeria are discussed.
Isolation and partial characterization of a 72,000-dalton glycoprotein (Tgp72) on human thymus and T cells: possible relationship to mouse Ly-1 antigens.
Authors: Ishii Y , Fujimoto J , Koshiba H , Kikuchi K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A xenoantiserum was raised in guinea pigs to a human T cell antigen (Tgp72) partially purified from cell membrane of T cell leukemia cells from a patient with chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia of T cell-type by using sequential chromatographic procedures. The antiserum reacted with all of human thymus and peripheral T cells as well as with a variety of cultured leukemic T cell lines, but not with B cells, granulocytes, and other cultured lymphoid cell lines, including normal B cell, Burkitt, myeloid, and non-T non-B cell lines. Immunoprecipitated material from 125I-labeled thymocyte, T cell, and T cell leukemia cell-surface glycoproteins by this antiserum was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which disclosed a single component with a m.w. of 72K (Tgp72). Further immunochemical data suggest that Tgp72 antigen on human thymus and T cells is an acidic glycoprotein composed of a single polypeptide rather than sulfhydryl-linked subunits, showing a marked electric charge heterogeneity in DEAE anion-exchange resin chromatography. This is further confirmed by the data obtained from 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that Tgp72 is a 72K m.w. glycoprotein with an isoelectric point ranging from 4 to 7. Because of its similarity in tissue distribution and immunochemical characteristics, Tgp72 on human thymus and T cells was assumed to be a human homologue of Ly-1 antigens in murine system.
Lack of age-associated immune dysfunction in mucosal-associated lymph nodes.
Authors: Szewczuk M R , Campbell R J , Jung L K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The magnitude of the immune response in old and young mice to trinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin was measured in various lymphatic sites at a cellular level using the plaque-forming cell assay. As we have previously shown, the number of splenic IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-TNP PFC progressively declined in aging C57BL/6J male mice. In addition, mice receiving antigen in the 4 footpads and the base of the tail exhibited similar decline in the number of PFC in the draining peripheral lymph nodes with increasing age. In contrast, mesenteric and mediastinal lymph node IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-TNP PFC response to TNP-BGG in complete Freund's adjuvant, i.p. or via gastric intubation, in old mice remained unimpaired compared with the number in younger mice. The data support the view that the mucosal-associated lymphoid system differs from the systemic system with regard to immune competence with age. Furthermore, the findings imply a site preference for a decline in immune function with aging.
The role of complement in the localization of pneumococci in the splanchnic reticuloendothelial system during experimental bacteremia.
Authors: Brown E J , Hosea S W , Frank M M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pneumococci activate the alternative complement (C) pathway in the absence of demonstrable antibody in normal guinea pig serum. They also activate the classical C pathway in the presence of type-specific antibody and perhaps through other mechanisms as well. A quantitative examination was undertaken of the roles of these 2 pathways of C activation in the splanchnic sequestration of 125I-labeled pneumococci, using a-guinea pig model of pneumococcal bacteremia. Normal unimmunized guinea pigs (NIH-GP) localized more than 3 times as many pneumococci to the liver as the spleen during a period when exponential bloodstream clearance was occurring. C4-deficient guinea pigs (C4D-GP) and cobra venom factor-treated guinea pigs (CVF-GP) showed progressively fewer pneumococci cleared by the liver with concomitant increases in the extent of splenic uptake, demonstrating the important role of C in the clearance of bacteria in the unimmunized animal. Immunization of guinea pigs brought about an increase in pneumococcal sequestration by the liver in NIH and C4D-GP but did not affect the localization pattern of CVF-GP. A comparison of reticuloendothelial system (RES) localization patterns with the rate of removal of bacteria from the bloodstream showed a highly significant correlation between increases in splenic sequestration and persistence of bacteremia. Thus, opsonization by C is an important determinant of the RES clearance of pneumococci. Unlike RBC clearance, where C plus IgM leads to hepatic localization, and C plus IgG tends to produce splenic localization, C in the presence or absence of type-specific antibody tends to cause hepatic localization of pneumococci. When C-mediated opsonic activity is less than optimal, the slower clearance of bacteremia that results is accompanied by an increased dependence on splenic sequestration of pneumococci.
Induction of surface Qa2 on lymphoid cells.
Authors: Rosenson R S , Flaherty L , Reinisch C L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three tumor cell lines isolated from individual murine sarcoma virus-infected BALB/cBy (Qa2-) mice were established. BOMS, ORA I, and Thorbly I were analyzed for the expression of Qa2 and Ly surface differentiation antigens. By Cytofluorograf analysis and absorption techniques, all 3 cell lines were found to be Qa2+, Ly1-, Ly2-. This cell surface phenotype suggests that immature lymphoid cells are uniquely susceptible to transformation by virus. Anomalous appearance of Qa2 on transformed lymphoid cells may be analogous to TL antigen induction.
Isolation and characterization of a mitogenic substance for murine and human B lymphocytes from Ulex europeus seeds.
Authors: Yamaguchi N , Yoshimatsu K , Toyoshima S , Osawa T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A mitogenic substance, which stimulates murine and human B lymphocytes, has been isolated from the seeds of Ulex europeus. The m.w. of this mitogen was estimated to be approximately 100,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis. Under physiologic conditions Ulex mitogen was in the form of a polymer. The isolated mitogen was found to contain 80% carbohydrate, in which glucose, galactose, and rhamnose were the predominant sugars. The carbohydrate portion of the mitogen could be responsible for the mitogenic activity, since the activity was destroyed by periodate treatment but not by protease digestion. It is unlikely that the mitogenic activity is due to the contamination by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), because Ulex mitogen strongly activated spleen cells from C3H/HeJ mice and did not contain a detectable amount of fatty acid. Spleen cells from nude mice, T-depleted spleen cells from conventional mice, or T-depleted spleen cells from conventional mice, or T-depleted lymphocytes from human peripheral blood responded as strongly as lymphocytes (T + B) from normal origin as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. It seems that the mitogenic effect is primarily on B cells. Ulex mitogen also induced the increase of immunoglobulin synthesis in murine and human B cells.
Lymphoid cell surface receptor for Moloney leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp71. II. Isolation of the receptor.
Authors: Schaffar-Deshayes L , Choppin J , Lévy J P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The lymphoid cell surface receptor for Moloney leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp71 was isolated by using anti-gp71 antibodies to immunoprecipitate the receptor-gp71 complex from detergent extract of radiolabeled murine thymus cells. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, a single molecule with an apparent m.w. of 190,000 was identified as the putative gp71-receptor. Analysis in nonreducing conditions indicated that the receptor may be composed of at least 2 subunits of 190,000 daltons.
The use of a monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody to study the biology of a human B cell lymphoma.
Authors: Hatzubai A , Maloney D G , Levy R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunoglobulin was obtained from the tumor cells of a patient with nodular lymphoma by hybridization to mouse myeloma cells. The human immunoglobulin secreted by these hybridoma cells was used as an immunogen to make murine monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies specific for idiotype, mu heavy chain and lambda light chain, were produced. One anti-idiotype antibody was used to document that idiotype-positive cells and low levels of 19S IgM idiotype were present in the patient's blood. The levels of each were found to correlate with the patient's disease activity. The monoclonal anti-idiotype was effective in eliminating idiotype-positive cells in vitro by solid phase absorption or by complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The anti-idiotype was also used to analyze the host's immunologic response to his own tumor idiotype. There was neither a detectable anti-idiotype antibody response produced in vivo nor a detectable population of T cells that expressed idiotype of could bind idiotype.
A kinetic analysis of immune-mediated clearance of erythrocytes.
Authors: Meryhew N L , Runquist O A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A mathematical expression has been derived that successfully correlates the kinetic data for the immune-mediated clearance of red blood cells. The expression resulted from the solution of differential equations arising from a clearance mechanism that was, essentially, consistent with that described by Schreiber and Frank. The mathematical expression correlated data for both IgG-and IgM-mediated reactions. Four different rate constants appear in the final kinetic equation; these constants, which measure the rates of the various steps in the clearance process, were evaluated by an iterative curve-matching process. The values of the rate constants were found to be dependent upon type of sensitizing immunoglobulin, number of C1-fixing sites, and several known immune system modifiers. Correlation of the derived rate expression with the experimental data provided a critical test for the Schreiber-Frank mechanism and the values of the rate constants provided additional insights into the immune clearance process.
The regulation of growth and differentiation of a murine B cell lymphoma. I. Lipopolysaccharide-induced differentiation.
Authors: Boyd A W , Goding J W , Schrader J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The B cell lymphoma WEHI 231 has been previously characterized as resembling a resting B cell, bearing large amounts of IgM on the cell surface, but not secreting immunoglobulin. When WEHI 231 cells were cultured together with low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.01 to 3 micrograms/ml), increased levels of immunoglobulin were detected in culture supernatants. Analysis by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis demonstrated that this was secreted (19S) IgM. It was noted that small amounts of secretory IgM were produced even in control cultures not deliberately exposed to LPS. Analysis of the cell lysates showed that LPS treatment resulted in a reduction of synthesis of the surface form of IgM. In contrast, the cytoplasmic pool of IgM precursors was considerably expanded by LPS treatment, reflecting the overall increase in synthesis of IgM in LPS-treated cells. These changes in IgM metabolism appear to parallel closely those occurring in normal B cells after mitogen or antigen challenge. This cloned tumor line promises to be a valuable system in which to investigate some of the molecular events in B cell differentiation.
Characterization of macrophage subpopulations responsive to activation by endotoxin and lymphokines.
Authors: Lee K C , Wong M , McIntyre D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The subpopulations of murine macrophages (M phi) that can be activated by endotoxin (LPS) and lymphokines to produce lymphocyte-activating factor, or interleukin 1 (IL-1), and to express cytostatic and cytolytic activities against tumor cells were characterized in 3 cell populations with immature and mature M phi in various proportions, namely, normal peritoneal cells, glycogen-induced peritoneal cells, and cultured bone marrow M phi. There is disagreement in the literature as to whether tumor cytotoxicity can be elicited from all M phi or from a subset of small, newly formed peroxidase-positive (p+) monocytes. Using the technique of cell size fractionation, which separates p+ and p- M phi to various extents, we have found that the magnitude of te response to LPS and lymphokines increases with cell size (and hence maturity or the degree of prior stimulation) and is not exclusive to p+ M phi. Our results are consistent with the concept that all M phi, irrespective of developmental stage, can exist in a continuum of activated states, depending on the nature of the activation signals.
Lymphokine maintains macrophage activation for tumor cell killing by interfering with the negative regulatory effect of prostaglandin E2.
Authors: Taffet S M , Pace J L , Russell S W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse resident peritoneal macrophages activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rapidly lost their ability to kill tumor cells in vitro. Such loss of killing has previously been attributed to the effects of prostaglandin E (PGE) produced by the LPS-stimulated macrophages. Macrophages exposed in the current study to both LPS and partially purified lymphokine did not lose cytolytic activity, in spite of the fact that these cells produced undiminished amounts of PGE, compared to controls. Cytolytic activity was shown to be retained under these conditions because lymphokine decreased the sensitivity of activated macrophages to the negative regulatory effects of PGE. The mechanism responsible for the lymphokine effect is not known; however, generalized inhibition of macrophage responsiveness to the hormone does not appear to be involved because lymphokine did not reduce the cyclic AMP response of macrophages, measured on a whole cell basis, after they were exposed to PGE.
Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by bacterial lipopolysaccharides: inhibition of cell-mediated immunity.
Authors: Raziuddin S , Kibler R F , Morrison D C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immunization of Lewis rats with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) precomplexed to guinea pig myelin basic protein (BP) in complete Freund's adjuvant inhibits the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in these animals. These protected animals fail to manifest significant in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to BP. Our results indicated that LPS induces a nonspecific reduction in immune reactivity of BP in Lewis rats.
Naturally occurring antibodies to liposomes. II. Specificity and electrophoretic pattern of rabbit antibodies reacting with sphingomyelin-containing liposomes.
Authors: Strejan G H , Essani K , Surlan D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sera obtained from rabbits after immunization with a variety of unrelated antigens contain antibodies that induce complement- (C) mediated lysis of sphingomyelin-containing liposomes in the absence of the relevant antigen from the membrane. Absorption or inhibition with dimyristoyl-phosphatidyl choline-containing liposomes were less effective than with sphingomyelin-containing liposomes in decreasing or abolishing C-dependent lysis of target-liposomes. Phosphoryl choline chloride inhibited the C-dependent lysis mediated by these antibodies, but only when used in high molar excess and in the presence of low antibody concentrations. Purified anti-liposome antibodies displayed an isoelectric focusing pattern consistent with a polyclonal response. The findings confirm the antibody nature of the anti-liposome activity of rabbit sera and indicate that their predominant specificity is directed against conformations of the phospholipid molecule in which the polar (phosphoryl choline) group does not have a major contribution.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody (5E9) that defines a human cell surface antigen of cell activation.
Authors: Haynes B F , Hemler M , Cotner T , Mann D L , Eisenbarth G S , Strominger J L , Fauci A S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study describes the monoclonal antibody 5E9 and the cell surface antigen it defines. The hybridoma cell line T3-5E9 was derived from fusion of P3 X 63/Ag8 myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with HSB-2 cells, a human T cell line. Although binding to only 1 to 5% of peripheral blood (PB) and spleen mononuclear cells, 5E9 antibody bound to 40 to 80% of Con A-, PHA-, or PWM-activated PB cells. Moreover, 5E9 antibody bound to variable numbers of Sezary, acute myelogenous leukemia, and ALL PB leukemia cells. 5E9 antibody bound to all hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines tested, to 11 +/- 1% of thymocytes, and 40% of nucleated bone marrow cells. Under reducing conditions, immunoprecipitation studies using 5E9 antibody demonstrated 5E9 antigen to be an 90,000 m.w. glycoprotein. Under nonreducing conditions, antigen 5E9 is a disulfide-linked dimer of approximately 190,000 daltons. Sequential precipitation experiments using antibody 5E9, alpha OD heteroantiserum (raised against T ALL cells), and monoclonal antibody OKT9 demonstrated that the 3 antibody preparations recognized the same 90,000 m.w. glycoprotein. Thus, antibody 5E9 defines an 90,000 m.w. human cell surface antigen that is absent on the majority of PB mononuclear cells and is expressed on rapidly dividing normal and malignant human cells. This monoclonal antibody should be a useful marker of human cell activation.
T lymphocyte responses to non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens. I. Role of Ly-1+2+ T cells as cytotoxic effectors and requirement for Ly-1+2+ T cells for optimal generation of cytotoxic effectors.
Authors: Wettstein P J , Frelinger J A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytotoxic effector T cells specific for non-H-2 histocompatibility (H) antigens were examined for phenotypic expression of lymphocyte differentiation (Ly) antigens. Virtually all H-Y-specific cytotoxic effectors generated in mixed lymphocyte culture were Ly-1+2+ T cells. H-3-specific effectors comprised both Ly-1+2+ and Ly-1-2+ T cells. However, cytotoxic effectors specific for multiple non-H-2 H antigens were predominantly Ly-1-2+ T cells. The optimal generation of H-Y- and H-3-specific effectors required Ly-1+2+ T cells; optimal generation of multiple non-H-2 H antigen-specific effectors required an interaction between Ly-1+2- and Ly-1-2+ T cells. These observations suggest that the identity of the target H antigen in part determines the Ly type of responsive T cells. Our observations suggest that 2 alternative pathways of T cell response exist for non-H-2 H antigens. The first pathway involves an interaction between Ly-1+2- helper T cells and Ly-1-2+ cytotoxic effector precursors. The 2nd pathway simply involves the response of Ly-1+2+ T cells proliferating and generating H antigen-specific cytotoxic effectors.