bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility of the Radiocapitellar View in Pediatric Medial Epicondyle Fracture Evaluation
Authors: Callanan Tucker C. , Milner John D. , Lou Mary Y. , Moschella Joseph , Molino Janine , Boulos Alexandre R. , Schiller Jonathan R. , Eberson Craig P. , Cruz Aristides I. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs often underestimate displacement in medial epicondyle fractures, further complicating the already debated operative indications. The radiocapitellar (RC) view is an alternative radiograph that allows for the separation of the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints. This study investigates the utility of the RC view in measuring displacement and identifying the need for operative intervention in pediatric medial epicondyle fractures.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric patients who presented to our institution with a medial epicondyle fracture treated operatively from 2015 to 2022 and received initial AP and RC radiographs. Fracture displacement was measured by 3 orthopaedic surgeons using the corresponding point measurement method and inter/intra-rater reliability was computed. A fracture >5 mm was considered to be within the threshold for recommendation of operative treatment. McNemar test was used to assess differences in sensitivity in detecting operative fractures between AP and RC radiographs, with a P-value of < 0.05 considered significant.

Results:
A total of 45 patients met the inclusion criteria. The RC view had significantly higher sensitivity in identifying fractures greater than the operative threshold of 5 mm compared with the AP view (93.3% vs. 68.9%, P=0.0127), and on average, measured 2.5 mm more displacement (P<0.001) than the corresponding AP view. AP and RC radiographs both measured >5 mm of displacement in 62.2% (28/45) of fractures, with 6.7% (3/45) determined as >5 mm by AP view and ≤5 mm by RC view. 31.1% (14/45) of fractures were measured to be >5 mm by RC view and ≤5 mm by AP view.

Conclusion:
The RC view significantly increases sensitivity in detecting the 5 mm displacement threshold for operative treatment of pediatric medial epicondyle fractures due to improved visualization of fracture displacement.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, diagnostic study.
Bifurcating Method for Subcutaneous Indwelling of Nonabsorbable Threads
Authors: Akahori Makoto , Sakai Shigeki , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: January 2025

Summary:
Subcutaneous indwelling of nonabsorbable threads for tissue fixation and tension reduction is often used in plastic surgery and is applied in breast reduction surgery, umbilicoplasty, and in frontalis muscle lifting for congenital ptosis. However, in a few cases, exposure of the indwelling thread necessitates its removal. Exposure of the indwelling threads mostly occurs due to exposure of the knots. Therefore, we require a novel method to ensure that the knot of the indwelling thread remains unexposed. Hence, we created a stab incision to place the indwelling nonabsorbable threads ligated with moderate tensile force. Furthermore, we attached needles to each end of the ligated thread. The needles penetrated from the stab incision through the depths to separate sites farther away from each other. Finally, we towed and cut the exposed thread from the skin. Thus, the knots on the indwelling thread may be positioned deeper, reducing the risk of exposure to the indwelling thread. Furthermore, the risk of overcorrection is reduced as each end of the indwelling threads penetrates a different site. In addition, this method leaves certain length of the end of the knot under the skin, which improves the visibility of the indwelling thread during revision surgery, facilitates access, and reduces the operative time. Application of this method in subcutaneous indwelling of nonabsorbable threads may reduce complications and time required for revision surgery.
Secondary full thickness macular holes following complete vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: rare occurrence with good closure rate
Authors: Schöneberger Verena , Jonas Rahul A. , Menghesha Leonie , Brockmann Claudia , Krohne Tim U. , Cursiefen Claus , Fuchsluger Thomas A. , Schaub Friederike 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Formation of a full thickness macular hole (FTMH) after vitrectomy is rare. The aim of this study was to describe risk factors, clinical course, anatomical and functional prognosis of secondary FTMH development following surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods
Retrospective study. Eyes treated for RRD at two centers between 01/2012 and 12/2022 were screened and those that developed secondary FTMH after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without membrane peeling were included in our analysis.

Results
29 eyes (mean age 58.9±9.5 years, 51.7% female) of 5,219 eyes developed secondary FTMH following PPV for retinal detachment, equaling a rate of 0.56%. Median interval between vitrectomy and FTMH diagnosis was 14.0 months (Q1 2.0; Q3 61.0; range 1 – 373). FTMH was treated by re-PPV, Membrane limitans interna peeling, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 20-25%) endotamponade in 22, silicone oil in 6, and heavy silicone oil in 1 eye. In 88.0% FTMH closure was observed after surgery. Postoperative mean visual acuity of all eyes was 20/145 Snellen (0.86±0.76 logMAR) versus preoperative 20/215 (1.03±0.43; p<0.001).

Conclusion
Secondary FTMH after RRD repair is a rare occurrence complication and can often be successfully treated by re-PPV. Visual acuity improves following successful hole closure, but less than in primary FTMHs.
A 19-year-old asymptomatic woman
Authors: Carrera William , Liang Michelle C. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To describe a case of stellate multiform amelanotic choroidopathy (SMACH) with focal hyperfluorescence on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 19-year-old Caucasian woman was seen for an asymptomatic choroidal lesion. Visual acuity was 20/20. Fundus examination revealed an irregular, tan-colored lesion with overlying speckled hyperpigmentation in the macula of the left eye. Multimodal imaging demonstrated a thickened choroidal lesion with stellate, radially oriented projections most visible on near-infrared reflectance, red-free photography, en-face OCT, and ICGA. ICGA demonstrated early hypofluorescence outlining the borders of the lesion and a late, pinpoint area of hyperfluorescence with faint staining. The patient’s fundus examination remained stable over 4 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:
SMACH may present with focal choroidal hyperpermeability on ICGA while lacking typical features of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). This finding expands the clinical spectrum of SMACH.
Multimodal imaging findings of the fellow eye in Stellate Nonhereditary Idiopathic Foveomacular Retinoschisis (SNIFR)
Authors: Del Fabbro Sebastiano , Bianco Lorenzo , Antropoli Alessio , Bousyf Soufiane , Bruno Lorenza , Arrigo Alessandro , Malegori Angela , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Bandello Francesco , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
This study examines the multimodal imaging (MMI) findings in two cases of unilateral Stellate Nonhereditary Idiopathic Foveomacular Retinoschisis (SNIFR), including detailed findings from the unaffected fellow eye.

Methods:
Macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3x3 mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), microperimetry, full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG) for both the affected and the fellow eye were reviewed.

Results:
The MMI findings were consistent across the two cases (71-year-old female and 60-year-old female). OCT imaging of the affected eyes revealed cystoid spaces between the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the outer plexiform layer (OPL), with the vascular network remaining intact, indicating no alterations in vessel flow. Microperimetry showed slightly lower pointwise sensitivity in both eyes compared to a normative database.

Conclusion:
Although SNIFR typically presents as a unilateral condition, our findings suggest that patients may have an inherent structural predisposition to macular schisis, resulting in subtle functional impairments. We hypothesize that the structural damage may involve the macular Müller cells. These observations highlight the importance of further studies to understand SNIFR’s pathophysiology and inform therapeutic approaches.
Multi-tissue proteomic signatures of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic investigation in brain, CSF, blood and an exploratory study in tears
Authors: Shen Jie , Huang Yuhui , Wu Minyu , Yan Minqing , Sun Jing , Chen Hui , Xu Xin , Song Peige , Yao Pang , Qian Xu , Yu Jintai , Li Xue , Guo Tiannan , Yuan Changzheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProteomic studies have the potential to identify etiological biomarker and interventional targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, limited studies have systematically investigated and compared the proteomic profiling related to AD across multiple tissues. First, we systematically reviewed 112 proteomic studies of AD (comprising 107 case-control studies of 16,997 individuals and 5 prospective cohort studies of 60,782 individuals) and synthesized a map of 902 brain bulk, 315 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and 9 blood markers that were consistently altered in AD individuals across at least 5 studies. In particular, a total of 55 common proteins altered in the same direction in brain bulk and CSF, whereas 33 proteins altered in the opposite direction. Next, we applied proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and identified 28 brain, 32 CSF, and 59 plasma genetically predicted proteomic markers associated with AD (all FDR < 0.05). The comparison across multiple tissues uncovered a panel of 20 AD-related proteins altered in at least two human tissues. Overall, a pool of 1,219 multi-tissue high confidence proteins were identified in the two-phase investigation. In the exploratory analysis utilizing a matched case-control study among 79 community-dwelling older adults, we detected a total of 845 high confidence protein markers in tears, of which 312 markers altered in a severity-dependent manner across normal cognition controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia stages. Among these, levels of STXBP1, UBE2V1, PALM, PYGB, ST13, and GPD1 were significantly different in dementia or MCI individuals compared to controls (all P < 0.05). Overall, our study provides a comprehensive roadmap of multi-tissue proteomic biomarkers associated with AD to help enhance the exploration of underlying mechanisms, facilitate the development of minimally invasive screening methods, and identify potential targets for novel interventions.
Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurotransmission and Resilience to Peripheral Systemic Risk Factors for Gait Slowing upon Transition to Uneven Surfaces in Older Adult
Authors: Chahine Lana M , Rosso Andrea , Troidl Ian , Ganguli Mary , Newman Anne , Cummings Steven , Studenski Stephanie , Lopresti Brian , Royse Sarah , Huppert Theodore , Redfern Mark , Sparto Patrick J , Bohnen Nico , Rosano Caterina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIdentifying mechanisms that compensate for slow gait speed in older adults is crucial. Dopaminergic neurotransmission curbs deleterious associations of cerebrovascular disease with gait, but whether it compensates for peripheral systemic risk factors (PSRF) for gait slowing has not been studied. In this cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults, we examined the relationship between nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminal integrity and gait speed in individuals with and without ≥1 PSRF for gait slowing: obesity, joint pain, or reduced muscle strength. The primary outcome was percent difference in gait speed (%DGS) on transition from even to uneven surface. Participants underwent dopaminergic imaging with dihydrotetrabenazine [11C]DTBZ positron emission tomography. Among 197 individuals, (mean (SD) age 74.92 (4.53) years; 61.93% female; 90.86% White), 130 (65.99%) had ≥1 PSRF. Relationship between posterior putamen [11C]DTBZ binding and %DGS was modified by PSRF; in those with ≥1 PSRF (but not in those with no PSRF), posterior putamen [11C]DTBZ binding was associated with %DGS (β=0.198, p=0.03) independent of potential confounders. This cross-sectional study indicates that striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission may offer resilience to effects of PSRF on gait slowing.
Seroprevalence of RSV Antibodies in a Contemporary Cohort of Adults in Southeast Minnesota
Authors: Teodoro Lara I. , Ovsyannikova Inna G. , Grill Diane E. , Poland Gregory A. , Kennedy Richard B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may cause serious illness and lead to death in older adults (≥ 65 years), causing over 60,000 hospitalizations and 6,000 deaths each year in the United States. Seroprevalence rates vary by age and geographic location but are typically high due to the repeated nature of RSV infections. This study investigated the seroprevalence of antibodies against human RSV in a convenience sample of adults from Olmsted County, Minnesota. Of the 480 subjects studied, 83.8% tested RSV IgG positive, 8.1% tested RSV IgG negative, and 8.1% had equivocal results. Additional cohorts from recently vaccinated individuals or those with a recent diagnosis of RSV infection were tested for comparison, yielding antibody positivity rates of 95.8% and 97.5% respectively.
Next-generation sequencing reveals the presence of a rich bacterial microbiome in atherosclerotic coronary artery plaques. The Tampere Sudden Death Study
Authors: Sundström K , Mishra PP , Tuomisto S , Ceder T , Goebeler S , Martiskainen M , Lampinen V , Ojanen MJT , Hytönen V , Lehtimäki T , Karhunen PJ 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMolecular microbial techniques have identified several DNA sequences from oral and gut bacteria in atherosclerotic plaques. The composition of the plaque microbiome has shown great heterogeneity due to varying DNA extraction and amplification methods, small size sample cohorts, and a low abundance of bacteria in plaques, leading to interference by contaminating bacterial sequences from laboratory chemicals. We used a novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach to analyze the entirety of bacterial DNAs found in coronary artery plaques in a unique prospective autopsy series of out-of-hospital deaths representing a cross-section of the general population.MethodsDNA was extracted from aseptically collected and frozen (−80°C) atherosclerotic coronary plaque samples taken from the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries of 202 victims of sudden out-of-hospital death included in the Tampere Sudden Death Study. Bacterial DNA was amplified using nested 16S rRNA PCR and sequenced. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were inferred using the DADA2 approach. Taxonomy assignment of the sequences was accomplished using the Silva database (version 138).The presence of bacteria in coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsASVs from 230 bacteria at the genus level occurring in humans were detected in the coronary plaques. The most common ASVs detected in almost all plaques belonged to the oral biofilm-producing bacteriaVeillonellaandStreptococcus, which, along withPrevotella, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, andFusobacteriumwere the genera with the most ASV reads following nested PCR. The immunopositivity of oral streptococci andVeillonellaoccurred mainly as biofilm-like structures around calcific plaque areas and associated with the severity of atherosclerosis.ConclusionCoronary plaques harbor DNA sequences from dozens of mainly oral bacteria. However, only a few bacteria are so common that they likely have a role in the buildup of the microbiome inside a coronary artery atheroma.
IFT20 regulates lymphatic endothelial cell-cell junctions via endocytic trafficking of VE-cadherin
Authors: Paulson Delayna , Majumder Ahana , Lehmann Zachary , Knutson Luke , Paulson Jacob , Lasey Shannon , Fink Darci M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins are required for the assembly and function of primary cilia. They also regulate non-ciliary polarized vesicular traffic, such as T cell receptor recycling. We recently reported that lymphatic endothelial cells assemble primary cilia and express IFT proteins. Here, we report that IFT20 regulates vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) localization at adherens junctions. IFT20 deletion caused discontinuous, button-like interendothelial junctions. This resulted in excessive lymphangiogenesis and impaired lymph drainage in mice. In vitro, VEGF-C treatment of IFT20 KD primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells caused accumulation of VE-cadherin in RAB5+ endosomes and enhanced and sustained VEGFR-3 signaling. Our findings are consistent with a model in which IFT20 promotes recycling of VE-cadherin to the adherens junction where it sequesters VEGFR-3 at the cell surface, thereby limiting pro-lymphangiogenic signaling. In the absence of IFT20, intercellular junctions are destabilized, pro-lymphangiogenic VEGFR-3 signaling is enhanced, and lymph transport is impaired by intracellular sequestration of VE-cadherin. This study elucidates the function of an IFT protein in lymphatic endothelial cells and provides mechanistic insight into the processes that regulate lymphatic endothelial cell-cell junctions and lymphangiogenic signaling.
Assessing toxicity and competitive fitness of vibrios isolated from coastal waters in Israel
Authors: Kanarek Katarzyna , Keppel Kinga , Cohen Hadar , Fridman Chaya Mushka , Gerlic Motti , Salomon Dor 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSeveral species of aquatic bacteria belonging to the genusVibrioare emerging pathogens of humans and marine animals.Vibrio-associated infections have been shown to correlate with the increase in the oceans’ surface water temperatures. A slow yet steady increase in vibrios isolated from clinical settings in Israel over the past decade led us to investigate the pathogenic potential of vibrios in Israel’s coastal waters. We isolated and sequenced the genomes of 23 vibrios from the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Analysis of these genomes revealed the presence of diverse toxin secretion systems and toxins, as well as mobile genetic elements known to facilitate the dissemination of fitness-enhancing determinants. Moreover, we showed that at least 10 of these isolates can induce cell death in bone marrow-derived macrophages and that at least 12 isolates can intoxicate a rivalVibriostrain in interbacterial competition. Lastly, we determined the susceptibility profiles of these isolates to common antibiotics used to treatVibrioinfections and found widespread resistance to azithromycin. Taken together, our results reveal pathogenic potential within theVibriopopulation of Israel’s coastal waters and underline the need for continued environmental monitoring of emerging pathogens.ImportanceThe oceans’ surface water temperatures have increased in past decades due to climate change. This increase correlates with the spread of vibrios, a genus of aquatic bacteria, many of which are pathogens of humans and marine animals. SinceVibrio-associated illnesses are rising in Israel, we set out to investigate theVibriopopulation in Israel’s coastal environments and monitor their pathogenic potential. We found diverse repertoires of predicted toxins, the ability to kill mammalian immune cells, and traits that enhance bacterial fitness, such as antibacterial toxicity and resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treatVibrioinfections. These findings indicate that pathogenic traits are circulating within the environmentalVibriopopulation in Israel’s coastal waters and suggest that continued monitoring is essential to identify emerging pathogenic strains.
The central clock drives metabolic rhythms in muscle stem cells
Authors: Sica Valentina , Smith Jacob G , Deryagin Oleg , Andres Eva , Lukesova Vera , Egg Mirijam , Cabezas-Wallscheid Nina , Benitah Salvador Aznar , Serrano Antonio L. , Perdiguero Eusebio , Muñoz-Cánoves Pura 
Published: January 2025

SummaryCircadian rhythms are essential for organismal health. Satellite cells (SCs), the muscle resident stem cells, maintain a state of quiescence yet exhibit robust circadian oscillations at the transcriptional level. Although peripheral clocks have been extensively studied in various tissues, how the intrinsic clock of stem cells interacts with the central, distal clock is largely unknown. We used SC-specific reconstitution of the essential clock geneBmal1to elucidate the role of the local SC clock and its interplay with the central clock in the mouse brain and found that daily transcriptional control of metabolic processes in SCs depend on central clock input, independent of the SC clock. Central clock-driven genes were involved in lipid metabolism, functionally important for SC-mediated muscle repair, and autophagy was required for their oscillation. In summary, we provide the first evidence of circadian coordination of central and local clocks for control of rhythmic gene expression in quiescent stem cells.HighlightsBrain:satellite cell clock communication restores rhythms of core clock machinery in quiescent satellite cellsBrain inputs are the dominant regulator of transcript rhythms in SCs, driving the oscillation of lipid metabolic genes.Autophagy in satellite cells is required for the oscillation of lipid metabolic genes.Early phases of muscle regeneration depend on brain-driven circadian signals.
Quantum mechanics curriculum in the U.S.: Quantifying the instructional time, content taught, and paradigms used
Authors: Buzzell Alexis , Atherton Timothy J. , Barthelemy Ramón 
Published: January 2025

Quantum mechanics is an integral course for physics students. An understanding of quantum concepts is imperative for enrollment in physics graduate programs, participating in research within physics fields, and employment with companies developing quantum technologies. This study analyzes 188 U.S. research-intensive institutions’ course catalogs to determine the role and extent of quantum mechanics in their undergraduate physics programs. All of the institutions required one course on quantum concepts, 92% required two courses, and half required three. Among institutions with complete class data (n=56), the quantum curriculum was analyzed using course syllabi. The mean number of classroom hours spent on quantum concepts was 63.5 h with a standard deviation of 28.1 h. The most commonly taught themes in the quantum curriculum were the equation and three-dimensional quantum mechanics. However, the Stern-Gerlach experiment was only included in 28% of the course outlines. Despite current efforts to promote a spin-first approach, this study found the traditional position-first approaches were still more common as they were used by 73.7% of instructors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025