bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Temperature and Loading History Dependent Lumbar Spine Biomechanics Under Cyclic Loading Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Blomeyer Nadja , Tandale Saurabh Balkrishna , Nicolini Luis Fernando , Kobbe Philipp , Pufe Thomas , Markert Bernd , Stoffel Marcus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtended-duration cyclic loading of the spine is known to be correlated to lower back pain (LBP). Therefore, it is important to understand how the loading history affects the entire structural behavior of the spine, including the viscoelastic effects. Six human spinal segments (L4L5) were loaded with pure moments up to 7.5 Nm cyclically for half an hour, kept unloaded for 15 min, and loaded with three cycles. This procedure was performed in flexion-extension (FE), axial rotation (AR), and lateral bending (LB) and repeated six times per direction for a total of 18 h of testing per segment. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) was trained to predict the change in the biomechanical response under cyclic loading. A strong positive correlation between the total testing time and the ratio of the third cycle to the last cycle of the loading sequence was found (BT: $$\tau $$
τ
= 0.3469, p = 0.0003, RT: $$\tau $$
τ
=0.1988, p = 0.0377). The moment-range of motion (RoM) curves could be very well predicted with an RNN ($$R^2$$

R
2

=0.988), including the correlation between testing time and testing temperature as inputs. This study shows successfully the feasibility of using RNNs to predict changing moment-RoM curves under cyclic moment loading.
The Impact of a Limited Field-of-View on Computed Hemodynamics in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Evaluating the Feasibility of Completing Ultrasound Segmentations with Parametric Geometries
Authors: Fonken Judith , Maas Esther , Nievergeld Arjet , van Sambeek Marc , van de Vosse Frans , Lopata Richard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo improve abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk assessment, a large, longitudinal study on AAA hemodynamics and biomechanics is necessary, using personalized fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling. 3-dimensional, time-resolved ultrasound (3D+t US) is the preferred image modality to obtain the patient-specific AAA geometry for such a study, since it is safe, affordable and provides temporal information. However, the 3D+t US field-of-view (FOV) is limited and therefore often fails to capture the inlet and aorto-iliac bifurcation geometry. In this study, a framework was developed to add parametric inlet and bifurcation geometries to the abdominal aortic aneurysm geometry by employing dataset statistics and parameters of the AAA geometry. The impact of replacing the patient-specific inlet and bifurcation geometries, acquired using computed tomography (CT) scans, by parametric geometries was evaluated by examining the differences in hemodynamics (systolic and time-averaged wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index) in the aneurysm region. The results show that the inlet geometry has a larger effect on the AAA hemodynamics (median differences of 7.5 to 18.8%) than the bifurcation geometry (median differences all below 1%). Therefore, it is not feasible to replace the patient-specific inlet geometry by a generic one. Future studies should investigate the possibilities of extending the proximal FOV of 3D+t US. However, this study did show the feasibility of adding a parametric bifurcation geometry to the aneurysm geometry. After extending the proximal FOV, the obtained framework can be used to extract AAA geometries from 3D+t US for FSI simulations, despite the absence of the bifurcation geometry.
Modeling Reactive Hyperemia to Better Understand and Assess Microvascular Function: A Review of Techniques
Authors: Coccarelli Alberto , Nelson Michael D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReactive hyperemia is a well-established technique for the non-invasive evaluation of the peripheral microcirculatory function, measured as the magnitude of limb re-perfusion after a brief period of ischemia. Despite widespread adoption by researchers and clinicians alike, many uncertainties remain surrounding interpretation, compounded by patient-specific confounding factors (such as blood pressure or the metabolic rate of the ischemic limb). Mathematical modeling can accelerate our understanding of the physiology underlying the reactive hyperemia response and guide in the estimation of quantities which are difficult to measure experimentally. In this work, we aim to provide a comprehensive guide for mathematical modeling techniques that can be used for describing the key phenomena involved in the reactive hyperemia response, alongside their limitations and advantages. The reported methodologies can be used for investigating specific reactive hyperemia aspects alone, or can be combined into a computational framework to be used in (pre-)clinical settings.
Cognitive Performance, as well as Depression, Alcohol Use, and Gender, predict Anti-Retroviral Therapy Adherence in a South African Cohort of People with HIV and Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Dreyer Anna J. , Nightingale Sam , Andersen Lena S. , Lee Jasper S. , Gouse Hetta , Safren Steven A. , O’Cleirigh Conall , Thomas Kevin G. F. , Joska John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDepression and cognitive impairment, which commonly coexist in people with HIV (PWH), have been identified as potential barriers to optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We investigated associations between cognitive performance, depression (as well as other sociodemographic, psychosocial and psychiatric variables) and ART adherence in a South African cohort of PWH with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). Cognitive performance and ART adherence were assessed at two time points 8 months apart (Nbaseline = 105, Nfollow-up = 81). Adherence was indicated by self-report, objective measures (Wisepill usage and plasma tenofovir-diphosphate levels), and HIV viral suppression. Mixed-effects regression models examined associations across both time points. Univariate models detected no significant associations between cognitive performance (globally and within-domain) and ART adherence. Multivariate modelling showed increased depression severity (β = − 0.54, p < 0.001) and problematic alcohol use (β = 0.73, p = 0.015) were associated with worse adherence as measured subjectively. Being female (OR 0.27, p = 0.048) and having better global cognitive performance (OR 1.83, p = 0.043) were associated with better adherence as indicated by viral suppression. This study identifies poor global cognitive performance, as well as depression and problematic alcohol use, as potential barriers to optimal ART adherence in PWH and comorbid MDD. Hence, clinicians could consider assessing for cognitive deficits, depression, and problematic alcohol use, and should endeavour to provide the appropriate support so as to improve adherence.
Evolutionary numerical model for cultural heritage structures via genetic algorithms: a case study in central Italy
Authors: Salachoris Georgios Panagiotis , Standoli Gianluca , Betti Michele , Milani Gabriele , Clementi Francesco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper the actual dynamic behavior of the civic Clock tower of Rotella, a little village in central Italy heavily damaged by the recent 2016 seismic sequence, is thoroughly investigated by means of a detailed numerical model built and calibrated using the experimental modal properties obtained through Ambient Vibration Tests. The goal is to update the uncertain parameters of two behavioral material models applied to the Finite Element Model (elastic moduli, mass densities, constraints, and boundary conditions) to minimize the discrepancy between experimental and numerical dynamic features. A sensitivity analysis was performed with the definition of a metamodel to reduce the computational strain and try to define the necessary parameters to use for the calibration process. Due to the high nonlinear dependency of the objective function of this optimization problem on the parameters, and the likely possibility to get trapped in local minima, a machine learning approach was meant. A fully automated Finite Element Model updating procedure based on genetic algorithms and global optimization is used, leading to tower uncertain parameters identification. The results allowed to create a reference numerical replica of the structure in its actual health state and to assess its dynamic performances allowing better control over their future evolution.
Circulating lipoprotein (a) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Amiri Mojgan , Raeisi-Dehkordi Hamidreza , Verkaar Auke J.C.F , Wu Yahong , van Westing Anniek C. , Berk Kirsten A. , Bramer Wichor M. , Aune Dagfinn , Voortman Trudy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims
To investigate the association between circulating lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population and in patients with chronic diseases, and to elucidate the dose-response relations.

Methods and results
We searched literature to find prospective studies reporting adjusted risk estimates on the association of Lp(a) and mortality outcomes. Forty-three publications, reporting on 75 studies (957,253 participants), were included. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI ) for the top versus bottom tertile of Lp(a) levels and risk of all-cause mortality were 1.09 (95%CI: 1.01–1.18, I2: 75.34%, n = 19) in the general population and 1.18 (95%CI: 1.04–1.34, I2: 52.5%, n = 12) in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The HRs for CVD mortality were 1.33 (95%CI: 1.11–1.58, I2: 82.8%, n = 31) in the general population, 1.25 (95%CI: 1.10–1.43, I2: 54.3%, n = 17) in patients with CVD and 2.53 (95%CI: 1.13–5.64, I2: 66%, n = 4) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Linear dose-response analyses revealed that each 50 mg/dL increase in Lp(a) levels was associated with 31% and 15% greater risk of CVD death in the general population and in patients with CVD. No non-linear dose-response association was observed between Lp(a) levels and risk of all-cause or CVD mortality in the general population or in patients with CVD (Pnonlinearity > 0.05).

Conclusion
This study provides further evidence that higher Lp(a) levels are associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality and CVD-death in the general population and in patients with CVD. These findings support the ESC/EAS Guidelines that recommend Lp(a) should be measured at least once in each adult person’s lifetime, since our study suggests those with higher Lp(a) might also have higher risk of mortality.
Heritable methylation marks associated with prostate cancer risk
Authors: Dowty James G. , Yu Chenglong , Hosseinpour Mahnaz , Joo Jihoon Eric , Wong Ee Ming , Nguyen-Dumont Tu , Rosenbluh Joseph , Giles Graham G. , Milne Roger L. , MacInnis Robert J. , Dugué Pierre-Antoine , Southey Melissa C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDNA methylation marks that are inherited from parents to offspring are known to play a role in cancer risk and could explain part of the familial risk for cancer. We therefore conducted a genome-wide search for heritable methylation marks associated with prostate cancer risk. Peripheral blood DNA methylation was measured for 133 of the 469 members of 25 multiple-case prostate cancer families, using the EPIC array. We used these families to systematically search the genome for methylation marks with Mendelian patterns of inheritance, then we tested the 1,000 most heritable marks for association with prostate cancer risk. After correcting for multiple testing, 41 heritable methylation marks were associated with prostate cancer risk. Separate analyses, based on 869 incident cases and 869 controls from a prospective cohort study, showed that 9 of these marks near the metastable epiallele VTRNA2-1 were also nominally associated with aggressive prostate cancer risk in the population.
Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in grazing systems through nitrification inhibitors: a meta-analysis
Authors: Soares Johnny R. , Souza Bruna R. , Mazzetto André M. , Galdos Marcelo V. , Chadwick Dave R. , Campbell Eleanor E. , Jaiswal Deepak , Oliveira Julianne C. , Monteiro Leonardo A. , Vianna Murilo S. , Lamparelli Rubens A. C. , Figueiredo Gleyce K. D. A. , Sheehan John J. , Lynd Lee R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrasslands are the largest contributor of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the agriculture sector due to livestock excreta and nitrogen fertilizers applied to the soil. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) added to N input have reduced N2O emissions, but can show a range of efficiencies depending on climate, soil, and management conditions. A meta-analysis study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence the efficiency of NIs added to fertilizer and excreta in reducing N2O emissions, focused on grazing systems. Data from peer-reviewed studies comprising 2164 N2O emission factors (EFs) of N inputs with and without NIs addition were compared. The N2O EFs varied according to N source (0.0001–8.25%). Overall, NIs reduced the N2O EF from N addition by 56.6% (51.1–61.5%), with no difference between NI types (Dicyandiamide—DCD; 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate—DMPP; and Nitrapyrin) or N source (urine, dung, slurry, and fertilizer). The NIs were more efficient in situations of high N2O emissions compared with low; the reduction was 66.0% when EF > 1.5% of N applied compared with 51.9% when EF ≤ 0.5%. DCD was more efficient when applied at rates > 10 kg ha−1. NIs were less efficient in urine with lower N content (≤ 7 g kg−1). NI efficiency was negatively correlated with soil bulk density, and positively correlated with soil moisture and temperature. Better understanding and management of NIs can optimize N2O mitigation in grazing systems, e.g., by mapping N2O risk and applying NI at variable rate, contributing to improved livestock sustainability.
Higher-rank Brill-Noether loci on nodal reducible curves
Authors: Brivio Sonia , Favale Filippo F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with Brill-Noether theory for higher-rank sheaves on a polarized nodal reducible curve $$(C,{{\,\mathrm{\underline{w}}\,}})$$

(
C
,

w
̲

)

following the ideas of Brambila-Paz et al. (J Algebraic Geom 6(4): 645–669, 1997). We study the Brill-Noether loci of $${{\,\mathrm{\underline{w}}\,}}$$

w
̲

-stable depth one sheaves on C having rank r on all irreducible components and having small slope. In analogy with what happens in the smooth case, we prove that these loci are closely related to BGN extensions. Moreover, we produce irreducible components of the expected dimension for these Brill-Noether loci.
Efficient Causal Access in Geo-Replicated Storage Systems
Authors: Lima Stanley , Araujo Filipe , Guerreiro Miguel de Oliveira , Correia Jaime , Bento Andre , Barbosa Raul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider a setting where applications, such as websites or games, need causal access to objects available in geo-replicated cloud data stores. Common ways of implementing causal consistency involve hiding objects while waiting for their dependencies or waiting for server replicas to synchronize. To minimize delays and retrieve objects faster, applications may try to reach different server replicas at once. This entails a cost because providers charge for each reading request, including reading misses where the causal copy of the object is unavailable. Therefore, latency and cost are conflicting goals, which we control by selecting where to read and when. We formulate this challenge as a multi-criteria optimization problem and propose five non-dominated reading strategies, four of which are Pareto optimal, in a setting constrained to two server replicas. We validate these solutions on the following real cloud storage services: AWS S3, DynamoDB and MongoDB. Savings of as much as 50% on reading costs, with no significant or even a positive impact on latency, demonstrate that both clients and cloud providers could benefit from richer services compatible with these retrieval strategies.
Victimization and Distress in Indigenous Maya Women: A Qualitative Investigation of Gender-Based Violence and Mental Health Outcomes in Rural Guatemala
Authors: Rogg Magda C. , Pezzia Carla 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is currently scant research exploring Indigenous Guatemalan women’s experiences of gender-based violence and mental health outcomes, but existing research suggests further exploration in this area is necessary. The current study aimed to address this gap by analyzing the experiences with violence and subsequent well-being of Indigenous Maya women in rural Guatemala.

Methods
Data were collected in an ethnographic project on mental health in Panajachel, Guatemala, consisting of a cross-sectional survey on violence exposure and mental health history, followed by semi-structured interviews to elaborate on the experiences. Interviews with seven Kaqchikel Maya women who had been exposed to violence provided the qualitative basis for this study, supplemented by the survey results. Descriptive statistics of survey results and thematic analysis of interviews are presented.

Results
The survey results pointed to a deep relationship between violence victimization and mental health issues. Recurring themes in the interviews included symptoms of post-violence emotional distress including fear, sadness, physical ailments, and suicidal ideation; the role of the women as mothers; lack of legal and mental health support; and the importance of spirituality and religion.

Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of examining emotional distress as separate from diagnostic psychiatric disorders in addressing women’s mental health post-violence. This exploratory study provides examples of violence exposure, mental health, and resource availability among Guatemalan Maya women and suggests possibilities for future investigation.
Improved Replica Bounds for the Independence Ratio of Random Regular Graphs
Authors: Harangi Viktor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudying independent sets of maximum size is equivalent to considering the hard-core model with the fugacity parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
tending to infinity. Finding the independence ratio of random d-regular graphs for some fixed degree d has received much attention both in random graph theory and in statistical physics. For $$d \ge 20$$

d
≥
20

the problem is conjectured to exhibit 1-step replica symmetry breaking (1-RSB). The corresponding 1-RSB formula for the independence ratio was confirmed for (very) large d in a breakthrough paper by Ding, Sly, and Sun. Furthermore, the so-called interpolation method shows that this 1-RSB formula is an upper bound for each $$d \ge 3$$

d
≥
3

. For $$d \le 19$$

d
≤
19

this bound is not tight and full-RSB is expected. In this work we use numerical optimization to find good substituting parameters for discrete r-RSB formulas ($$r=2,3,4,5$$

r
=
2
,
3
,
4
,
5

) to obtain improved rigorous upper bounds for the independence ratio for each degree $$3 \le d \le 19$$

3
≤
d
≤
19

. As r grows, these formulas get increasingly complicated and it becomes challenging to compute their numerical values efficiently. Also, the functions to minimize have a large number of local minima, making global optimization a difficult task.
Movement models and simulation reveal highway impacts and mitigation opportunities for a metapopulation-distributed species
Authors: Aiello Christina M. , Galloway Nathan L. , Prentice Paige R. , Darby Neal W. , Hughson Debra , Epps Clinton W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Context
When human-made barriers impact wildlife by limiting habitat connectivity, simulation can reveal movements lost to fragmentation, strategies to restore corridor function, and potential benefits of corridor restoration.

Objectives
Guided by previous genetic research, we examined desert bighorn sheep movement near two highways that restrict gene flow and modelled their movement and habitat selection behavior. The ultimate goal was to simulate movement without highway barriers as a means to site crossing structures that mitigate fragmentation and to reveal their benefits for habitat reachability.

Methods
We fit integrated step selection functions (iSSFs) to GPS data from 9 bighorn populations near highways in California. After comparing iSSF simulations to validation data, we simulated 8200 bighorn-years of movement—200 year-long tracks each for 41 individuals—on a landscape with and without highways. We derived utilization distributions (UD) from simulations to identify probable high-use locations along the highways, compare these locations to previously predicted genetic corridors and roadkill events, and estimate changes in habitat reachability and elevation without these barriers.

Results
Simulation UDs correlated well with observed bighorn movements. Barrier-free simulations indicated preferred corridors across highway-blocked valleys, often at the same locations predicted by landscape genetics models (4 of 6 genetic-based corridors matched simulation-based corridors), and where bighorn roadkill events occurred (3 of 3 roadkill events occurred at simulation-predicted corridors). Relative to barrier-present simulations, barrier removal increased accessible habitat for 8 of 9 populations, with increases ranging from 7 to 138% per population. Barrier-free conditions allowed movement to higher elevations in two populations.

Conclusion
Animal movement simulation can effectively assess fragmentation impacts and reveal mitigation options when other data sources are scarce. Our simulations confirm previously predicted corridors, provide detailed locations for targeted mitigation, and suggest certain corridors pose greater habitat-related benefits.
How do Law Students Develop Commercial Awareness? Listening to the Student Voice on the Roles of the Law School and the Law Student in Developing Commercial Awareness
Authors: McConnell Siobhan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article provides an authentic, student-centred account of how law students develop their commercial awareness on their journey to graduate employment. Drawing on data collected from a two year research study involving law students going through the graduate interview process, this article presents the first detailed empirical findings on how, when and why law students develop their commercial awareness. This data is important because law students have a wide range of available career options and commercial awareness is required across a range of graduate professions, including the legal sector. The findings of this study indicate that the law school played a part in developing law students’ commercial awareness but that its role was limited due to a lack of explicit guidance on what commercial awareness meant and how teaching and learning activities supported development. Students identified development much more frequently and explicitly through their own independent developmental activities. As well as providing valuable insight into law student perceptions of the role of the law school and the law student in developing commercial awareness, this article makes recommendations for legal educators on how to support students in developing their commercial awareness.