bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A UK nationwide study of adults admitted to hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state and COVID‐19
Authors: Field Benjamin C. T. , Ruan Yue , Várnai Kinga A. , Davies Jim , Ryder Robert E. J. , Gandhi Rajiv , Harris Sophie , Nagi Dinesh , Patel Dipesh , Kempegowda Punith , Wild Sarah H. , Wilmot Emma G. , Khunti Kamlesh , Rea Rustam , Narendran Parth ,   the ABCD COVID‐19 Audit Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate characteristics of people hospitalized with coronavirus‐disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), and to identify risk factors for mortality and intensive care admission.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study with anonymized data from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists nationwide audit of hospital admissions with COVID‐19 and diabetes, from start of pandemic to November 2021. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. DKA and HHS were adjudicated against national criteria. Age‐adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 85 confirmed DKA cases, and 20 HHS, occurred among 4073 people (211 type 1 diabetes, 3748 type 2 diabetes, 114 unknown type) hospitalized with COVID‐19. Mean (SD) age was 60 (18.2) years in DKA and 74 (11.8) years in HHS (p < .001). A higher proportion of patients with HHS than with DKA were of non‐White ethnicity (71.4% vs 39.0% p = .038). Mortality in DKA was 36.8% (n = 57) and 3.8% (n = 26) in type 2 and type 1 diabetes respectively. Among people with type 2 diabetes and DKA, mortality was lower in insulin users compared with non‐users [21.4% vs. 52.2%; age‐adjusted odds ratio 0.13 (95% CI 0.03‐0.60)]. Crude mortality was lower in DKA than HHS (25.9% vs. 65.0%, p = .001) and in statin users versus non‐users (36.4% vs. 100%; p = .035) but these were not statistically significant after age adjustment.ConclusionsHospitalization with COVID‐19 and adjudicated DKA is four times more common than HHS but both associate with substantial mortality. There is a strong association of previous insulin therapy with survival in type 2 diabetes‐associated DKA.
Structural changes after ankle joint distraction in haemophilic arthropathy: an explorative study investigating biochemical markers and 3D joint space width
Authors: van Bergen Eline D. P. , Mastbergen Simon C. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , Bay‐Jensen Anne‐Christine , Madsen Sofie F. , Port Helena , Foppen Wouter , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Jansen Mylène P. , van Vulpen Lize F. D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionAnkle joint distraction (AJD) is a promising treatment for patients with severe haemophilic ankle arthropathy (HAA). However, some patients showed no clinical improvement after AJD and these differences may be related to structural differences.AimPrimarily to quantify the structural changes after AJD in patients with HAA by the use of 3D joint space width (JSW) measurements and biochemical markers and secondarily to correlate these findings with clinical pain/function.MethodsPatients with haemophilia A/B who underwent AJD were included for this study. Bone contours on MRI (performed before and 12 and 36 months after AJD) were drawn manually and percentage change in JSW was calculated. Blood/urine (before and 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after AJD) was collected for biomarker measurement (COMP, CS846, C10C, CALC2, PRO‐C2, CTX‐II) and combined indexes of markers were calculated. Mixed effects models were used for analyses on group level. Structural changes were compared with clinical parameters.ResultsEight patients were evaluated. On group level, percentage changes in JSW showed a slight decrease after 12 months followed by a non‐statistically significant increase in JSW after 36 months compared to baseline. Biochemical marker collagen/cartilage formation also showed an initial decrease, followed by a trend towards net formation 12, 24 and 36 months after AJD. On individual patient level, no clear correlations between structural changes and clinical parameters were observed.ConclusionCartilage restoration activity on group level in patients with HAA after AJD was in concordance with clinical improvements. Correlating structural modifications with clinical parameters in the individual patient remains difficult.
A review on the potential health benefits of sweet potato: insights into its preclinical and clinical studies
Authors: Elgabry Rehab Mohammed , Sedeek Mohamed S. , Meselhy Khaled M , Fawzy Ghada Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

SummarySweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) has become a research focus in recent decades because of its nutritional and functional properties. Its leaves, stems and roots are a valuable source of bioactive carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. These bioactive metabolites possess many biological activities, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antiulcer and immunostimulant activities. Moreover, previous investigations proved that bioactivity varies qualitatively and quantitatively among sweet potato cultivars. So, the purpose of this review was to summarise the preclinical and clinical studies that have been conducted on different varieties of sweet potatoes, aiming to find the gap between them. This may consequently help in recommending additional clinical investigations on sweet potatoes maximising their potential as a functional food.
Paediatric obesity: Documentation, screening, and pharmacotherapy in a national cohort
Authors: Hidirsah Arek , Chai Yan , Flores Ryan , Vidmar Alaina P. , Borzutzky Claudia , Espinoza Juan 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBackgroundMultiple organizations have published guidelines for the screening and treatment of obesity and related comorbidities in youth, including the use of anti‐obesity medications (AOM). This study aimed to determine which paediatric patients: (1) receive a diagnostic code for obesity; (2) are most likely to be screened for hyperlipidaemia, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus; and (3) are most likely to be prescribed AOM.MethodsA cohort of 35 898 patients 9 years 4 months to 17 years 6 months of age with a BMI > 30 or greater than the 95th% on three separate outpatient encounters was generated using the TriNetX database. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between demographics in the study population and the likelihood of diagnosis of obesity, screening for comorbidities, and prescription of AOMs.ResultsAsian, Black, and Hispanic youths had increased odds of having a diagnosis of obesity and being screened for all three comorbidities. Documentation of obesity was associated with increased odds of screening for all comorbidities. Female sex, documentation of obesity, and higher BMIs were associated with increased odds of being prescribed AOMs. Black and Native American races decreased the likelihood of being prescribed AOM.ConclusionsManagement of obesity in terms of documentation of disease, screening for comorbidities, and initiation of AOM continues to fall short of the guidelines put forth by multiple organizations. Race/ethnicity, sex, and BMI correlate with differences in care provided to obese paediatric patients. Further research is needed to identify the barriers to and causes of these disparities.
Machine learning‐based accelerated design of fluorphlogopite glass ceramic chemistries with targeted hardness
Authors: Garg Prachi , Broderick Scott , Mazumder Baishakhi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we develop and employ an accelerated design strategy using a machine learning algorithm to overcome the challenges for designing a new machinable glass ceramic. The trained machine learning model predicts the specific hardness value for numerous possibilities of processing conditions such as growth temperature and time. We report that the optimized growth parameters of 1200°C and 5 h achieve the highest machinability of 0.4 in the glass ceramic. Furthermore, we predicted the eight most promising candidates containing specific ratios of silicon, magnesium, aluminum, lithium, boron, potassium, barium, and oxygen. Combining machine learning with experimental data enables a systemic and rapid design of a ceramic material while capturing the underlying physics represented in the experimental data.
Effects of limited bedding and nesting on postpartum mood state in rats
Authors: Gifford Janace J. , Pluchino Jenna R. , Della Valle Rebecca , Van Weele Brooke , Brezoczky Emma , Caulfield Jasmine I. , Cavigelli Sonia A. , Schwarz Jaclyn M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examined the effect of limited bedding and nesting (LBN) stress on postpartum anhedonia, maternal behaviors, anxiety‐like behaviors, and neuroendocrine and neuroimmune function as a potential model of postpartum depression. Dams underwent sucrose preference tests prior to breeding, during gestation and again postpartum, to examine the potential onset of anhedonia. On embryonic day 19, dams were placed into either a LBN or control housing condition. Contrary to our predictions, LBN stress had no effect on postpartum sucrose preference. We also found no effect of LBN condition on fecal estradiol or corticosterone levels, both of which increased at birth and decreased postpartum. Regardless of housing conditions, approximately 40% of new mothers exhibited a decrease in sucrose preference, while others show no change, suggesting an individual susceptibility to postpartum anhedonia. In a separate cohort of LBN and control dams, we measured pup retrieval, hoarding behavior, elevated plus maze (EPM), and marble burying. LBN dams exhibited increased anxiety, associated with decreased time spent in the open arms of the EPM. We also measured a significant increase in IL‐6 expression in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of postpartum dams compared to nonpregnant dams. These findings suggest that while LBN stress has effects on anxiety and maternal care, it does not induce postpartum anhedonia. Rather, there are inherent differences in susceptibility to anhedonia in individual dams, and future studies should be conducted to better understand individual vulnerability and resilience to postpartum anhedonia.
A Novel Approach to Investigate the Impact of Mindset and Physiology on the Choice to Invest Effort During an Arithmetic Task
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Smiddy , Janssen Tieme W. P. , van der Mee Denise J. , Rahman Farah A. , Meeter Martijn , van Atteveldt Nienke M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrowth mindset, the belief that personal attributes such as intelligence are malleable, has previously been related to more effort investment. Here, we investigated how undergraduates' mindset (N = 114) relates to the choice to invest effort during an arithmetic task, indexed by whether they make low vs. high effort‐related choices. Social cognitive theory suggests that past performance experiences (mastery vs. failure) and physiological state are important sources for competence self‐evaluations. Therefore, in addition to mindset, we also investigated how effort‐related choices are influenced more dynamically, by failures and physiological responses during the task. Growth mindset and physiological effort mobilization did not predict effort‐related choices but making mistakes did predict lower effort choices in the subsequent round. This study further supports the importance of mastery experiences for effort investment and provides a novel approach for integrating different levels of influence on effort‐related choices during an educationally‐relevant task.
A simulation‐based generalized framework to model vulnerability of interdependent critical infrastructure systems under incomplete information
Authors: Ganguly Prasangsha , Mukherjee Sayanti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel simulation‐based hybrid approach coupled with time‐dependent Bayesian network analysis to model multi‐infrastructure vulnerability over time under physical, spatial, and informational uncertainties while considering cascading failures within and across infrastructure networks. Unlike existing studies that unrealistically assume that infrastructure managers have full knowledge of all the infrastructure systems, the proposed approach considers a realistic scenario where complete information about the infrastructure network topology or the supply–demand flow characteristics is not available while estimating multi‐infrastructure vulnerability. A novel heuristic algorithm is proposed to construct a dynamic fault tree to abstract the network topology of any infrastructure. In addition, to account for the unavailability of exact supply–demand flow characteristics, the proposed approach constructs the interdependence links across infrastructure network systems using different simulated parameters considering the physical, logical, and geographical dependencies. Finally, using parameters for geographical proximity, infrastructure managers' risk perception, and the relative importance of one infrastructure on another, the multi‐infrastructure vulnerability over time is estimated. Results from the numerical experiment show that for an opportunistic risk perception, the interdependencies attribute to redundancies, and with an increase in redundancy, the vulnerability decreases. On the other hand, from a conservative risk perspective, the interdependencies attribute to deficiencies/liabilities, and the vulnerability increases with an increase in the number of such interdependencies.
Epidemiology of disorders of gut‐brain interaction in Belgium and differences between two language groups: Results from the Rome foundation global epidemiology study
Authors: Broeders Bert , Devolder Elise , Jones Michael , Simrén Magnus , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Sperber Ami D. , Palsson Olafur S. , Tack Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Rome Foundation carried out a worldwide epidemiology study on DGBI according to the Rome IV criteria in 33 countries, including Belgium. DGBI prevalence varied between continents and countries, but prevalence differences within language groups in a single country have not yet been described.MethodsWe analyzed the prevalence rates of 18 DGBI and their psychosocial impact in Belgium in the French and Dutch language groups.Key ResultsDGBI prevalence was similar in the French‐speaking and Dutch‐speaking population. Having one or more DGBI was negatively associated with psychosocial well‐being. The scores for depression were lower in the Dutch‐speaking participants with one or more DGBI compared to the French‐speaking participants. Interestingly, we also found significantly lower scores in the general Dutch‐speaking versus the French‐speaking population for depression and non‐gastrointesinal somatic symptoms, and higher global physical health and mental health quality‐of‐life component scores. In the Dutch‐speaking group, medication use for gastric acid was lower, but use of prescribed analgesics was more common. Nevertheless, the use of non‐prescribed pain medication was higher in the French‐speaking group. Anxiety and sleep medication use was also higher in the latter group.Conclusions & InterferencesThe results of this first in‐depth analysis of Rome IV DGBI in Belgium show a higher prevalence for some DGBI in the French‐speaking cohort, and a larger associated disease burden. These differences between language/culture groups in the same country support the psychosocial pathophysiological model of DGBI.
Effect of environmental and spatial factors on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of the Mediterranean tree communities of Europe
Authors: Albassatneh M. C. , Dubuisson J.‐Y. , Escudero M. , Fady B. , Ponger L. , Muller S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The tree flora of the Mediterranean Basin contains an outstanding taxonomic richness and a high proportion of endemic taxa. Contrary to other regions of the Mediterranean biome, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the relationship between phylogenetic diversity, trait diversity and environmental factors in a spatial ecological context is lacking.

We inferred the first calibrated phylogeny of 203 native tree species occurring in the European Mediterranean Basin based on 12 DNA regions. Using a set of four functional traits, we computed phylogenetic diversity for all 10,042 grid cells of 10 × 10 km spatial resolution to completely cover Mediterranean Europe. Then, we tested the spatial influence of environmental factors on tree diversity.

Our results suggest that the nature of the relationship between traits and phylogeny varies among the different studied traits and according to the evolutionary distance considered. Phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of European Mediterranean trees correlated strongly with species richness. High values of these diversity indices were located in the north of the study area, at high altitude, and minimum temperature of the coldest month. In contrast, the two phylogenetic indices that were not correlated with species richness (Mean Phylogenetic Distance, Phylogenetic Species Variability) were located in the south of the study area and were positively correlated with high altitude, soil organic carbon stock and sand soil texture.

Our study provides support for the use of phylogenies in conservation biology to assess ecosystem functioning, and provides insights for the implementation of sustainable forest ecosystem management.
Application of droplet digital PCR combined with TaqMan real‐time PCR in Dombrock blood group genotyping in Northwest China
Authors: Li Zhuolin , Wang Yufeng , Sun Mao , Chen Tangdong , Wu Yuanming , Chen Kun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Dombrock blood group system is based on the DO gene. DO*A and DO*B antigens are the result of a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on this gene. The introduction of Do antigens through blood transfusion or other invasive factors like infection may result in the production of Do antibodies, which may cause serious haemolytic transfusion reactions. In this study, TaqMan real‐time PCR and droplet digital PCR were used to detect rare DO*A allele, guide the search for rare DO*A allele donors, and calculate DO alleles frequencies in mixed populations in Northwest China.Materials and MethodsIn this study, the highly sensitive and accurate TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect and screen DO genotype SNPs in combination with droplet digital PCR. We also searched for rare DO*A allele donors and calculated the frequencies of DO alleles in mixed populations.ResultsA total of 1202 donor DNA samples were collected from Northwest China, of which 202 were used to detect DO allele SNPs using TaqMan real‐time PCR. The rare DO*A allele was detected in the other 1000 blood donors by droplet digital PCR, and gene frequencies were inferred from dual channel droplet digital PCR data. Among 1202 donors from Northwest China, the allele frequencies of DO*A and DO*B were 0.1128 and 0.8872, respectively.ConclusionThe sequencing results confirmed that this new way of detecting DO alleles by droplet digital PCR with specific probes can detect rare DO*A allele to predict the presence of the rare antigen Doa and infer DO allele frequencies. This method is highly sensitive and specific.
Microcirculation surrounding end‐stage human chronic skin wounds is associated with endoglin/CD146/ALK‐1 expression, endothelial cell proliferation and an absence of p16Ink4a
Authors: Wang Jiarong , Tinney Dylan , Grynyshyn Michael , Pickering J. Geoffrey , Power Adam , Dubois Luc , Hamilton Douglas W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAngiogenesis is an essential part of normal skin healing, re‐establishing blood flow in developing granulation tissue. Non‐healing skin wounds are associated with impaired angiogenesis and although the role of re‐establishing macroscopic blood flow to limbs to prevent wound chronicity is well investigated, less is known about vascular alterations at the microcirculatory level. We hypothesised that significant phenotypic changes would be evident in blood vessels surrounding chronic skin wounds. Wound edge tissue, proximal to wound (2 cm from wound edge) and non‐involved skin (>10 cm from wound edge) was harvested under informed consent from 20 patients undergoing elective amputation due to critical limb ischemia. To assess blood vessel structure and viability, tissue was prepared for histological analysis and labelled with antibodies specific for PECAM‐1 (CD31), CD146, endoglin, ALK‐1, ALK‐5, and p16Ink4a as a marker of cellular senescence. Density of microvasculature was significantly increased in wound edge dermis, which was concomitant with increased labelling for endoglin and CD146. The number of CD31 positive vessel density was unchanged in wound edge tissue relative to non‐involved tissue. Co‐labelling of endoglin with the transforming growth factor receptor ALK‐1, and to a lesser extent ALK‐5, demonstrated activation of endothelial cells which correlated with PCNA labelling indicative of proliferation. Analysis of p16Ink4a staining showed a complete lack of immunoreactivity in the vasculature and dermis, although staining was evident in sub‐populations of keratinocytes. We conclude that the endoglin‐ALK‐1‐endothelial proliferation axis is active in the vasculature at the edge of chronic skin wounds and is not associated with p16Ink4a mediated senescence. This information could be further used to guide treatment of chronic skin wounds and optimise debridement protocols.
Challenges in Geometry Assurance of Megacasting in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Wärmefjord Kristina , Hansen Josefin , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Megacasting is a new concept in the automotive industry. A large number of sheet metal parts will be replaced with one large aluminum casting, i.e., a megacasting. This helps to reduce weight, opens up for larger design flexibility, allows for a more circular production, and takes away a large number of assembly steps in the production process. However, there are also challenges related to the use of megacastings. This position paper outlines challenges associated with the geometrical quality of the final product. It covers robust design and tolerancing in early product development phases as well as inspection preparation during pre-production and digital twin setup during full production to ensure the geometrical quality of a product containing a megacasting. Simulations of both part-level and assembly-level deviation and variation are discussed. The paper outlines a geometry assurance process for products containing megacastings in the automotive industry, and what research challenges that are the most important ones to address in this area. It is concluded that computer-aided tolerancing tools must be able to predict the dimensional effects from joining methods such as flow-drill fasteners or self-pierced riveting, to use casting simulation as input, and to handle combinations of solid and surface meshes. Furthermore, there might be a need for adjustments to the joining process based on digital twins to achieve proper quality at a reasonable price. Experiences in using megacastings in the body-in-white are lacking and a fast learning curve is required.