bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ty1‐Mediated Integration of Expression Cassettes: Host Strain Effects, Stability, and Product Synthesis
Authors: Lee Frank W. F. , Silva Nancy A. Da 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe yeast retrotransposon Ty1 has been used to insert multiple copies of heterologous genes into the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Amplification using a GAL1‐regulated Ty1 element carrying a 4.6 kilobase pair expression cassette (Escherichia coli lacZ structural gene under the control of the yeast CUP1 promoter, and the bacterial neo gene) was compared with that of a GAL1‐regulated Ty1 element carrying only the neo gene. Mobilization of Ty1 was induced from a chromosomal element and a 2μ‐plasmid‐based element; similar results were obtained for both locations. The two marked Ty1 cassettes were successfully integrated into the genomes of three different S.cerevisiae strains. Efficiencies were found to vary significantly between strains. The size of the inserted cassette was also important; the efficiency for the CUP1p‐lacZ‐neo cassette was much lower than that for the neo cassette in the same host. All amplified copies were found to be quite stable with or without expression for at least 50 generations in nonselective medium; moreover, there were no significant effects on the growth of the cells. After integration, β‐galactosidase specific activity from the lacZ construct in the three hosts was found to correlate well with the copy number of the CUP1p‐lacZ expression cassette amplified by the Ty1 retrotransposon.
A follow‐up study of semen quality and fertility in men with varicocele testis and in control subjects
Authors: Lund  , Larsen  
Published: July 2002

Objective To evaluate semen quality and fecundity in a group of men with initially untreated varicocele testis, in comparison with control subjects.Patients, subjects and methods In a prospective, longitudinal study, 77 men (39 with varicocele and 38 control subjects) were evaluated in 1989 and re‐investigated after 8 years. Fifty‐seven men (29 with varicocele, 28 controls) were available for evaluation and they all completed a questionnaire. Semen from a total of 46 men (24 with varicocele) was compared with findings in 22 men from the control group.Results There was a decline in sperm count in the control group from 80×106 /mL to 55×106 /mL over the 8‐year period, but nearly no change in the sperm count in the men with varicocele. The withdrawal rate from each group was the same and included both men with and without reduced semen quality. There were no differences between the groups in sperm motility values (straight‐line velocity, curvilinear velocity) evaluated using computer‐assisted semen analysis. Paternity was achieved by 10 of 14 men in the varicocele group, compared with 14 of 16 in the control group.Conclusions There was no evidence that varicocelectomy might benefit patients, because the sperm concentration did not decline among men with varicocele over time. Computer‐assisted semen analysis provided a good assessment of various sperm motility characteristics and we recommend evaluation using such objective methods, to allow comparison among studies
On the forced flow of salty water in a loop
Authors: Dewar W. K. , Huang R. X. 
Published: July 2002

The buoyancy-driven flow of salty water in a loop is computed. This problem belongs to the general class of the convective behavior of solutal fluids, a specific example of which is the oceanic thermohaline circulation. The two cases of freshwater flux forcing and so-called virtual salt flux forcing are compared and contrasted. The former is an exact statement of the saline forcing of the ocean by the atmosphere, while the latter is an approximation used in many climate models. Analytical solutions appropriate to both cases are presented for broad parameter ranges and ultimately encapsulated in the form of bifurcation maps. These allow for comparisons between the behaviors predicted for the two cases. Furthermore, the solutions are supported by means of numerical experimentation. It is found that a simple loop model, forced by a steady flux, can possess multiple solutions, either stationary solutions and limit cycles or distinctly different limit cycles. This result is closely related to climate models. In addition, this study transcends climate applications and applies to the more general classical problem of convection in a loop.
The novel aspect here is the application of freshwater flux to a salty fluid. The effect on density of this forcing is different from that due to the application of heat to a thermally sensitive fluid. Surprising and counter-intuitive behaviors have been found which reflect these differences. As an example, in the limit where diffusion is weak relative to freshwater flux, a δ-function-like salinity profile appears if freshwater flux conditions are used. Models using a virtual salt flux approximation, or a relaxation condition, yield a low mode solution for these parameters. In contrast, the virtual salt flux equations can be obtained from the freshwater-forced equations by a systematic expansion in one limit where diffusion dominates freshwater flux. Numerical experiments are used to examine the comparisons between virtual salt flux and freshwater-forced solutions, with the result that virtual salt flux generally yields accurate results when diffusion is strong.
Feminist Scholarship in Education: The state of the art?
Authors: Ivinson Gabrielle 
Published: July 2002

The Realities of Teachers' Work: never a dull moment: Sandra AckerThe Feminist Teacher Anthology: pedagogies and classroom strategies: Gail Cohee, Elizabeth Daumer, Theresa Kemp, Paula Krebs, Sue Lafky & Sandra Runzo, Foreword by Bernice SandlerPower Plays: primary school children's constructions of gender, power and adult work Becky Francis
Cortical metabolite alterations in abstinent cocaine and cocaine/alcohol‐dependent subjects: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
Authors: MEYERHOFF D. J. , BLOOMER C. , SCHUFF N. , EZEKIEL F. , NORMAN D. , CLARK W. , WEINER M. W. , FEIN G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChronic abuse of cocaine or alcohol is associated with structural, neuropathological and cognitive impairments that have been documented extensively. Little is known, however, about neurobiochemical changes in chronic substance abusers.We performed MRI and multi‐slice brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to assess neuronal viability (via N‐acetylaspartate (NAA)) and white matter metabolite status in 22 4‐months‐abstinent individuals dependent on crack cocaine only and on both crack cocaine and alcohol. Compared to 11 non‐dependent controls we found (1) significantly lower NAA measures in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the combined cocaine‐dependent groups; (2) comparable spatial distribution and magnitude of these NAA effects for both cocaine‐dependent groups; (3) higher choline‐containing metabolites in frontal white matter of individuals dependent on both cocaine and alcohol; (4) absence of brain atrophy in both abstinent cocaine‐dependent samples; and (5) partial recovery from prefrontal cortical NAA loss, primarily with abstinence from alcohol. The MRSI findings suggest preferential neuronal damage to the frontal cortex of both cocaine‐dependent samples and gliosis in frontal white matter of individuals dependent on both alcohol and cocaine, conditions that persist for more than 4 months of abstinence.
Bilingual Children In Language Units: Does Having ‘Well‐Informed’ Parents Make A Difference?
Authors: Crutchley Alison 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFindings from a large‐cohort study of children with speech and language impairments in language units attached to primary schools across England have suggested that the 11% of the cohort who were bilingual form a subgroup with distinct characteristics. In particular, bilingual children's language difficulties seemed to be more complex and possibly more severe than those of their monolingual peers. It was suggested that these findings might reflect differences in the way that the bilingual children were identified and assessed for speech and language difficulties. Parents of the bilingual children in the original study were interviewed to explore the kind of experiences they had with the identification and assessment process. Differences were found between the bilingual parents and a group of monolingual parents who were also interviewed. Moreover, differences were found between two subgroups of the bilingual parents: those who were ‘more informed’ and ‘less informed’ about the process. These differences were found to be related to several other factors, including attitudes to language use within the family and the nature of the parents' relationship with the language unit.
Understanding why searching the internet inflates confidence in explanatory ability
Authors: Eliseev Emmaline Drew , Marsh Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeople rely on the internet for easy access to information, setting up potential confusion about the boundaries between an individual's knowledge and the information they find online. Across four experiments, we replicated and extended past work showing that online searching inflates people's confidence in their knowledge. Participants who searched the internet for explanations rated their explanatory ability higher than participants who read but did not search for the same explanations. Two experiments showed that extraneous web page content (pictures) does not drive this effect. The last experiment modeled how search engines yield results; participants saw (but did not search for) a list of hits, which included “snippets” that previewed web page content, before reading the explanations. Participants in this condition were as confident as participants who searched online. Previewing hits primes to‐be‐read content, in a modern‐day equivalent of Titchener's famous example of a brief glance eliciting false feelings of familiarity.
Strong, Compressible, and Ultrafast Self‐Recovery Organogel with In Situ Electrical Conductivity Improvement
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Liu Mingyang , Guo Shuai , Tieu Aaron Jue Kang , Yang Jiachen , Adams Stefan , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoordination complexes are widely used to tune the mechanical behaviors of polymer materials, including tensile strength, stretchability, self‐healing, and toughness. However, integrating multivalent functions into one material system via solely coordination complexes is challenging, even using combinations of metal ions and polymer ligands. Herein, a single‐step process is described using silver‐based coordination complexes as cross‐linkers to enable high compressibility (>85%). The resultant organogel displays a high compressive strength (>1 MPa) with a low energy loss coefficient (<0.1 at 50% strain). Remarkably, it demonstrates an instant self‐recovery at room temperature with a speed >1200 mm s−1, potentially being utilized for designing high‐frequency‐responsive soft materials (>100 Hz). Importantly, in situ silver nanoparticles are formed, effectively endowing the organogel with high conductivity (550 S cm−1). Given the synthetic simplification to achieve multi‐valued properties in a single material system using metal‐based coordination complexes, such organogels hold significant potential for wearable electronics, tissue‐device interfaces, and soft robot applications.
Hydrogel‐Based Artificial Mucosa Restores Local Immune and Microbial Homeostasis for Treating Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wen Hong , Li Liqi , Ge Xinyue , Fei Yang , Li Yanan , Li Menghuan , Xiao Weidong , Luo Zhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory bowel disease driven by the dyshomeostasis of intestinal immune system and microbiota, but its treatment options are limited due to impaired epithelial barrier integrity and function. Herein, a multifunctional biomimetic hydrogel is developed as artificial colonic mucosa, which can readily establish a bioadhesive barrier at the ulcer site and restore local immune and microbial homeostasis to exert potent anti‐inflammatory effect. The hydrogel framework is generated through the thrombin‐mediated activation and polymerization of fibrinogen that resembles natural blood coagulation mechanism. During this process, the antibacterial agent Ag+ is used for the crosslinking between the generated fibrin units and dopamine/thiol‐modified hyaluronic acid biopolymers via Ag+‐thiol coordination to convey enhanced bioadhesiveness, while the interconnected porous network is employed to encapsulate basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and alanyl‐glutamine (ALG) for mucosa regeneration. The hydrogel stably adheres to the ulcer site to protect and repair the damaged epithelium and establishes an anti‐inflammatory microenvironment by inducing locoregional M1‐to‐M2 macrophage repolarization while eliminating harmful gut flora, which can act in a cooperative manner to substantially alleviate UC symptoms. The biomimetic hydrogel here presents a promising approach for effective UC therapy in the clinics.
Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Near‐Infrared Dual‐Modal Imaging and Ferroptosis/Starvation Therapy of Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Guo Weihong , Ren Yingxin , Chen Zhian , Shen Guodong , Lu Yudie , Zhou Huimin , Li Zhenyuan , Li Zhenhao , Lu Xuanyi , Li Guoxin , Shen Zheyu , Hu Yanfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurate identification and visualization of peritoneal metastases (PM) are clinically essential to improving the prognosis for gastric cancer. However, owing to the multifocal spread of peritoneal metastasis nodules, small size, and close contact with adjacent organs, identifying and completely removing them during surgery is extremely challenging, resulting in cancer treatment failure and recurrence. This study develops a T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (FeGdNP)‐loaded indocyanine green/glucose oxidase (ICG/GOx) with conjugation of an RGD dimer (RGD2) and acid‐labile polymer mPEG (FeGdNP‐ICG/GOx‐RGD2‐mPEG). Compared with commercial Magnevist, the proposed FeGdNP‐ICG/GOx‐RGD2‐mPEG shows a two to three‐fold higher tumor ΔSNR in MRI of peritoneal metastasis and subcutaneous animal models. Compared with free ICG, the increased fluorescent signal of FeGdNP‐ICG/GOx‐RGD2‐mPEG allows for the detection of tiny tumor metastatic nodules (<3 mm), and the removal of the peritoneum transplanted tumors. Abundant gluconic acid and H2O2 are generated during the GOx‐mediated glucose depletion process in cancer cells, thereby enhancing Fenton reaction efficiency. Accumulated toxic ·OH can damage the mitochondrial function and induce the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which activates the ferroptosis pathway. The data indicate the potential of the nanoparticles for MRI preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative fluorescence‐guided navigation, and ferroptosis tumor therapy.
Proton Conductor Confinement Strategy for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Assists Fuel Cell Operation in Wide‐Range Temperature
Authors: Zhang Jujia , Chen Sian , Wei Haibing , Zhang Jin , Wang Haining , Lu Shanfu , Xiang Yan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAcid loss and plasticization of phosphoric acid (PA)‐doped polymer electrolyte membranes are critical hampers for its actual application especially during startup/shutdown stages due to the produced water and thermal stress. To conquer these barriers, a proton conductor confinement strategy is introduced, which may trap PA molecules in the side‐chain acidophilic microphase and weaken plasticizing effect caused by PA toward the polymer backbone to remain membrane tensile stress. The grafted polyphenylene oxide (PPO) is synthesized as model polymers, both molecular electrostatic potential and molecular dynamics reveal the retention mechanism between PA and side‐chain of PPO as well as the aggregation state of PA. Through precisely regulating polymer side‐chain structure and defined plasticization quantitative indicator, significant refinements in membrane's conductivity, durability, and single‐cell performance are achieved successfully. The designed PPO membranes exhibit ultra‐fast and stable proton conducting even at low proton carrier concentrations and under wide‐range working temperature between 80 oC–180 °C as well as satisfied resistance to harsh accelerated aging test. These insights will shed light on holistic understanding of PA interactions and retention from molecular level, and provide radical approaches toward high‐performance PA/PEMs design.
Synthesis of MnS/MnO Decorated N, S‐Doped Carbon Derived from a Mn(II)‐Coordinated Polymer for the Catalytic Oxidation of H2O2 and Bisphenol A
Authors: Shim Kyubin , Seo Kyeong‐Deok , Kim Hae Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA way to synthesize a Mn2+‐ coordinated polymer precursor ligated by sulfur atoms with acetate counter ions (Mn‐DTOGA) is proposed, which is achieved by an imine formation reaction between dithiooxamide and glutaraldehyde in the presence of manganese (II) acetate. MnS/MnO decorated N, S‐doped carbon nanoparticles (MnS/O‐SNC) are then prepared by calcination of the Mn ion‐coordinated polymer for the practical applications of catalytic reactions. The Mn‐DTOGA and MnS/O‐SNC structures prepared at different temperatures (700, 800, and 900 °C) are characterized using various physical and electrochemical and chemical analyses. The nanoparticles prepared at 900 °C reveal the best performance for the catalytic oxidation of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and bisphenol A. The decomposition potentials of H2O2 (1.0 mm) and bisphenol A (100.0 µm) on the catalyst modified electrode are observed to be +0.40 and +0.15 V (versus Ag/AgCl), respectively. It is observed that the catalytic performances to the oxidation reactions are mainly related to MnO decorated outside the SNC particles compared to MnS formed inside the particles. The electrode reveals a wide dynamic range with the low detection limits for H2O2 (0.08 (±0.02) µm) and bisphenol A (0.17 (±0.04) µm). This study will provide essential clues for the future catalyst design.
Iron Oxyhydroxide: Structure and Applications in Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Bingrong , Huo Haohao , Zhuang Qixuan , Ren Xiaoqian , Wen Xinxin , Yang Bolun , Huang Xiaoxiao , Chang Qiaowan , Li Siwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the anodic half‐reaction for crucial energy devices, such as water electrolysis, metal–air battery, and electrochemical CO2 reduction. Fe‐based materials are recognized as one of the most promising electrocatalysts for OER because of its extremely low price and high activity. In particular, iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) is not only highly active toward OER, but also widely accepted as the true active species of Fe‐based OER electrocatalysts for plenty of Fe‐based materials are converted into FeOOH during OER test. Herein, the recent advances of FeOOH‐based nano‐structure and its application in OER are reviewed. The relationship between FeOOH structure and its catalytic performance, followed by the introduction of current strategies for enhancing the OER activity (i.e., crystalline phase engineering, element doping, and construction of hybrid materials) is mainly focused. Finally, a summary and perspective about the remaining challenges and future opportunities in this area and further the design of Fe‐based OER electrocatalysts are provided.
A Metal‐Free Mesoporous Carbon Dots/Silica Hybrid Type I Photosensitizer with Enzyme‐Activity for Synergistic Treatment of Hypoxic Tumor
Authors: Tian Boshi , Liu Shaohua , Yu Chenghao , Liu Shikai , Dong Shuming , Feng Lili , Hu Narisu , Yang Piaoping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs a less O2‐dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT), type I PDT is an effective approach to overcome the hypoxia‐induced low efficiency against solid tumors. However, the commonly used metal‐involved agents suffer from the long‐term biosafety concern. Herein, a metal‐free type I photosensitizer, N‐doped carbon dots/mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NCDs/MSN, ≈40 nm) nanohybrid with peroxidase (POD)‐like activity for synergistic PDT and enzyme‐activity treatment, is developed on gram scale via a facile one‐pot strategy through mixing carbon source and silica precursor with the assistance of template. Benefiting from the narrow bandgap (1.92 eV) and good charge separation capacity of NCDs/MSN, upon 640 nm light irradiation, the excited electrons in the conduction band can effectively generate O2•− by reduction of dissolved O2 via a one‐electron transfer process even under hypoxic conditions, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, the photoinduced O2•− can partially transform into more toxic •OH through a two‐electron reduction. Moreover, the POD‐like activity of NCDs/MSN can catalyze the endogenous H2O2 to •OH in the tumor microenvironment, further synergistically ablating 4T1 tumor cells. Therefore, a mass production way to synthesize a novel metal‐free type I photosensitizer with enzyme‐mimic activity for synergistic treatment of hypoxic tumors is provided, which exhibits promising clinical translation prospects.
Interstitial Cu: An Effective Strategy for High Carrier Mobility and High Thermoelectric Performance in GeTe
Authors: Yin Liang‐Cao , Liu Wei‐Di , Li Meng , Wang De‐Zhuang , Wu Hao , Wang Yifeng , Zhang Lixiong , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDense point defects can strengthen phonon scattering to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and induce outstanding thermoelectric performance in GeTe‐based materials. However, extra point defects inevitably enlarge carrier scattering and deteriorate carrier mobility. Herein, it is found that the interstitial Cu in GeTe can result in synergistic effects, which include: 1) strengthened phonon scattering, leading to ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.48 W m−1 K−1 at 623 K; 2) weakened carrier scattering, contributing to high carrier mobility of 80 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K; 3) optimized carrier concentration of 1.22 × 1020 cm−3. Correspondingly, a high figure‐of‐merit of ≈2.3 at 623 K can be obtained in the Ge0.93Ti0.01Bi0.06Te‐0.01Cu, which corresponds to a maximum energy conversion efficiency of ≈10% at a temperature difference of 423 K. This study systematically investigates the doping behavior of the interstitial Cu in GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials for the first time and demonstrates that the localized interstitial Cu is a new strategy to enhance the thermoelectric performance of GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials.
Recent Progress in Advanced Hydrogel‐Based Embolic Agents: From Rational Design Strategies to Improved Endovascular Embolization
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Ullah Muhammad Wajid , Li Basen , Chen Hangrong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTranscatheter arterial embolization, a minimally invasive treatment to deliberately occlude the blood vessels, has become a safe and effective procedure for the management of vascular diseases and benign/malignant tumors. Particularly, hydrogel‐based embolic agents have garnered much attention because of their potential to address some of the limitations of clinically used embolic agents and can be rationally designed to impart more favorable characteristics or functions. In this review, the recent progress toward the development of polymer‐based hydrogels for effective endovascular embolization, including the in situ gelling hydrogels mediated by physically or chemically crosslinking, imageable hydrogels for intraprocedural and postprocedural feedback, use of hydrogels as the drug depot for local delivery of therapeutic drugs, hemostatic hydrogels inducing extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation of blood, stimuli‐responsive shape memory hydrogels as the smart embolization devices, and hydrogels incorporating external‐stimuli functional materials for multidisciplinary therapy, is systemically summarized. Moreover, the potential considerations of hydrogel‐based embolic agents confronted in therapeutic embolization are pointed out. Finally, the perspectives for the development of more effective embolic hydrogels are also highlighted.