bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free Functional Muscle Transfer in Brachial Plexus Injury Patients With Subclavian Artery Injury Using Arteriovenous Loop Grafts
Authors: Limthongthang Roongsak , Wongtrakul Saichol , Laohaprasitiporn Panai , Monteerarat Yuwarat , Vathana Torpon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundFree functional muscle transfer (FFMT) for brachial plexus injury (BPI) requires adequate donor arterial flow for successful anastomosis. However, concomitant BPI and subclavian artery injury are not uncommon. Arteriovenous (AV) loop graft is one of the methods used to extend vessels to areas with vascular depletion. This case series aims to report the feasibility and outcomes of AV loop grafts for FFMT in BPI patients with subclavian artery injury.Patients and MethodsThis longitudinal descriptive report included adult patients with BPI and concomitant subclavian artery injury. Patients with adequate intra‐operative thoracoacromial and/or thoracodorsal arterial flow, sufficient for FFMT without the need for an AV loop graft, were excluded.ResultsOf the 10 initially enrolled patients, three were excluded: two for adequate intra‐operative arterial flow, and one for extensive adhesions around the external jugular vein, precluding the index surgery. Seven patients, with a median age of 37 years, mostly male and injured in motorcycle accidents, were included. Four patients underwent a single‐stage operation (AV loop graft and FFMT simultaneously), while three patients underwent a two‐stage operation. Success rates were 100% for the single‐stage operation and 33% for the two‐stage operation. The two‐stage operation led to increased operative time, extended hospital stays, and anastomosis mismatch challenges. Successful cases regained gracilis muscle motor power for elbow flexion, achieving grade III‐IV within 13–29 months.ConclusionFFMT with AV loop graft for BPI patients with subclavian artery injury is feasible and effective. Despite complex microsurgical requirements, these procedures significantly restore limb functionality when standard FFMT operations are insufficient.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06437990
Fractional Integration and Differentiation of Asymptotic Relations and Applications
Authors: Řehák Pavel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe main results of this paper show how asymptotic relations are preserved when integrated or differentiated in the sense of fractional operators. In some of them, the concept of regular variation plays a role. We derive a fractional extension of the Karamata integration theorem and of the monotone density theorem, among others. We offer several approaches that provide deeper insight into relationships between different concepts. Illustrative applications in fractional differential equations are also presented.
Evaluation of Glutathione T2 in the Human Brain Using J‐Difference MRS at 3 T: Multicenter Multivendor Study
Authors: Choi Grace , Kim Seungho , Noeske Ralph , Moore Jason E. , Lee Gang Ho , Kim Jihyun , Newton Allen T. , Robison Ryan K. , Chang Yongmin , Choi Changho 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe need to quantify brain glutathione (GSH) accurately by J‐difference spectroscopy has stimulated assessment of the TE effects on GSH edited signals at the popular field strength 3 T. We performed multiple‐TE J‐difference MRS at two sites to evaluate the GSH T2 relaxation and TE dependence of the GSH signal resolution. Two 10‐ms spectrally selective Gaussian editing RF pulses were implemented in 3 T MEGA‐PRESS sequences at two sites having different vendors. The sequences were optimized, with numerical and phantom analyses, for editing of the GSH 2.95 ppm resonance. The timings of the editing pulses within the sequences were tailored for high‐amplitude GSH signal production for a TE range of 58–160 ms. In vivo human brain data were collected at five TEs (58, 70, 88, 116, and 150 ms) from five subjects at each site. Following LCModel analysis of difference and edit‐off spectra independently between the sites, metabolite T2 values were estimated with mono‐exponential regression of the signal estimates. Simulations and phantom data indicated that the MEGA‐edited GSH peak amplitude was progressively larger with increasing TE up to 125–140 ms and the maximum amplitude was 2‐ to 2.5‐fold greater than the amplitude at TE of 58 ms. For in vivo data, the edited GSH peak was the largest at TE of 88 ms among the five TEs. Brain GSH T2 was measured as 88 ± 11 ms from 10 subjects, with no significant difference between the sites. The LCModel‐returned correlation coefficient between GSH and co‐edited N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) multiplet was significantly smaller at short TEs than at long TEs. Our data suggest that MEGA‐edited GSH signal undergoes extensive attenuation with increasing TE due to the fast T2 relaxation, and the edited GSH signal can be well resolved at short TEs with small interferences from adjacent co‐edited NAA multiplet.
Validation of a Deep Learning‐Based Method for Accelerating Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging in Clinical Settings
Authors: Wu Xiao , Xu Shan , Zhang Yao , Ye Yongquan , Zhang Deying , Yu Lei , Zhang Ruiting , Sun Jianzhong , Huang Peiyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSusceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) has been widely used in clinical contexts, in which the speed of acquisition is frequently a critical issue. In this study, we aim to test the feasibility of a deep learning (DL)‐based reconstruction method for accelerating SWI acquisition in clinical settings. A total of 61 subjects were consecutively enrolled. SWI scans using prospective under‐sampling and DL‐based reconstruction method (acceleration factor = 5, acquisition time: 1:46) and parallel imaging (PI, acceleration factor = 2, acquisition time: 4:45) were acquired from each subject. The DL‐based method utilizes a cascaded convolutional neural network, namely, ReconNet3D, to perform k‐space to image reconstruction with the capacity of single‐channel input and single‐channel output. The DL‐SWI and PI‐SWI results were compared quantitatively using structural similarity index (SSIM) and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR). Two raters independently assessed image quality from five aspects: artifacts, noise level, sharpness, lesion conspicuity, and overall image quality. The numbers of microbleeds were also counted. Finally, both sets of images of the same subject were reviewed side‐by‐side for noninferiority assessments. The DL‐SWI images showed good similarity in terms of SSIM (mean ± SD: 0.89 ± 0.02) and PSNR (mean ± SD: 36.91 ± 2.41) with PI‐SWI. In comparison, DL‐SWI images had significantly better scores in terms of artifacts, noise, and overall image quality score (4.15 vs. 3.33; 3.85 vs. 3.16; 3.85 vs. 3.44, all with p < 0.001). DL‐SWI showed reduced image sharpness (p = 0.031), but no significant difference regarding lesion conspicuity. The number of microbleeds identified from the DL‐SWI images completely matched the PI‐SWI results. We had not observed any false‐negative or false‐positive readings on DL‐SWI images. The DL‐based SWI acceleration method could significantly reduce scan time and maintain image quality, suggesting its great potential in clinical applications.
Real‐Time Encrypted Traffic Classification in Programmable Networks with P4 and Machine Learning
Authors: Akem Aristide Tanyi‐Jong , Fraysse Guillaume , Fiore Marco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNetwork traffic encryption has been on the rise in recent years, making encrypted traffic classification (ETC) an important area of research. Machine learning (ML) methods for ETC are widely regarded as the state of the art. However, most existing solutions either rely on offline ETC based on collected network data or on online ETC with models running in the control plane of software‐defined networks, all of which do not run at line rate and would not meet the strict requirements of ultra‐low‐latency applications in modern networks. This work exploits recent advances in data plane programmability to achieve real‐time ETC in programmable switches at line rate, with high throughput and low latency. An extensive analysis is first conducted to show how tree‐based models excel in ETC on various datasets. Then, a workflow is proposed for in‐switch ETC with tree‐based models. The proposed workflow builds on (i) an ETC‐aware random forest (RF) modelling process where only features based on packet size and packet arrival times are used and (ii) an encoding of the trained RF model into off‐the‐shelf P4‐programmable switches. The performance of the proposed in‐switch ETC solution is evaluated on three use cases based on publicly available encrypted traffic datasets. Experiments are then conducted in a real‐world testbed with Intel Tofino switches, in the presence of high‐speed background traffic. Results show how the solution achieves high classification accuracy of up to 95% in QUIC traffic classification, with submicrosecond delay while consuming less than 10% on average of the total hardware resources available on the switch.
Views and Experiences of Nurses Receiving Care as Inpatients: An Empirical Qualitative Study From Ankara
Authors: Atasayar Semra , Gül Şenay , Dinç Leyla 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the views and experiences of inpatient nurses receiving care.BackgroundSwitching from the care provider role to being a patient allows nurses to realise patients' real care expectations and to test their colleagues' care practices. Nurses' experience as inpatients is essential for understanding patients' care‐related expectations and improving care quality by reflecting on their practices.DesignThis qualitative study used a descriptive phenomenological design.MethodsData were collected from nine volunteer nurses between July 2018 and June 2020 in Ankara, Türkiye, through face‐to‐face interviews using semi‐structured questionnaires and audio recordings. The research data were analysed by following the descriptive phenomenological data analysis steps. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research [COREQ] checklist was used to report study findings.ResultsThree themes emerged from the views and experiences of nurses receiving inpatient care: care‐receiving experiences, components of good nursing care and change in perception of care.ConclusionIt is important to reveal the opinions and experiences of hospitalised nurses regarding care to understand the expectations of the care recipients and to increase the quality of the care provided. The study revealed that the experiences of nurses receiving inpatient care improved their professional sensitivity and this was reflected in the quality of the nursing care they provided.Implication for NursingNurses can provide higher quality and humanistic care by combining their professional knowledge and skills with the increased awareness of the inpatient experience of nurses.No patient or public contribution.
Association Between Antibiotic Exposure During Pregnancy and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Kisaka Yumi , Yamamoto Midori , Yanase Kana , Sakurai Kenichi , Eguchi Akifumi , Watanabe Masahiro , Mori Chisato , Todaka Emiko ,   and the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPostpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) are a common mental health condition among women after delivery. Although various causative factors have been reported, PDS remains a challenging condition to predict and prevent. The disruption of the gut microbiota due to antibiotic exposure has been reported to affect psychiatric conditions. Similarly, previous research suggests that antibiotic exposure during pregnancy could be related to PDS. Therefore, this prospective study examines the association between antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and PDS for 6 months after delivery. Data were obtained from 65,272 mothers from the Japan environment and children's study, a prospective birth cohort study. The ratios of maternal PDS at 1 and 6 months after delivery were 12.3% and 10.1%, respectively. During pregnancy, 10.7% of women took antibiotics orally. Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of PDS only at 6 months after delivery (OR = 1.13, 95% CI [1.00, 1.26]), adjusted for potential confounding factors. An increase in Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores in relation to antibiotic exposure during pregnancy was primarily observed via psychological distress during pregnancy. Although a causal link was not established, antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may be a contributing risk factor for PDS. Therefore, when antibiotic administration is required, clinical practitioners and perinatal care providers should consider the potential risk for PDS.
Green Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate With Shell–Core Structure for Enhancing Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Authors: Duan Jiahao , Shi Congling , Yang Ling , Qian Xiaodong , Wan Mei , Zhu Hongqing , Wang Houwang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the recent years, the development of high‐performance flame retardants (FRs) for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has become increasingly important due to its wide applications in various industries and the growing demand for fire safety. In this study, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used as the core, whereas chitosan (CS) and nano‐silica (SiO2) served as the shell to create a shell–core‐structured FR through a self‐assembly process in an aqueous phase. APP, APP@CS, and APP@CS@SiO2 were incorporated into TPU at a concentration of 20 wt%, and their effects on TPU properties were compared. The findings showed that APP@CS@SiO2 exhibited superior flame retardancy for TPU. Compared to pure TPU, the TPU/APP@CS@SiO2 showed reductions in peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production, peak CO production rate, and peak CO2 production rate by 58%, 80%, 80.5%, 89.1%, 20.4%, and 60.1%, respectively. Additionally, APP@CS@SiO2 effectively inhibited the thermal degradation of TPU and enhanced its thermal stability, resulting in the residual carbon content of the composite rising to 28.5%, which is about 20 times higher than that of pure TPU. In conclusion, APP@CS@SiO2 significantly improved the fire safety of TPU by efficiently catalyzing char formation in the condensed phase, diluting flammable gases, and hindering gas‐phase free radical chain reactions, thereby opening new avenues for the practical application of TPU composites.
Brief, Family‐Centered, Videoconference‐Based Behavioral Insomnia Program in Elementary School‐Aged Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Zhou Eric S. , Bice Briana , Crabtree Valerie McLaughlin , Recklitis Christopher J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPediatric cancer survivors are at heightened risk for insomnia. Though behavioral interventions are the recommended approach, there are not enough trained clinicians. No known published trials have been conducted among school‐aged survivors, despite them having unique age‐related sleep issues. Here, we tested a videoconference‐based behavioral insomnia intervention program enrolling 15 caregivers of cancer survivors (5–12 years) with insomnia. Staff without prior sleep education/training delivered intervention sessions providing evidence‐based strategies tailored to family needs. Self‐report measures were collected before intervention and approximately 2 weeks post intervention. Caregivers reported significant sleep and quality‐of‐life improvements. Thus, we show preliminary support for a brief intervention that does not require significant resources or clinical expertise.
Chemical modification of PLA for the design of 3D printed nanocomposite scaffolds with enhanced degradability for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Dal Poggetto Giovanni , D'Amora Ugo , Ronca Alfredo , Raucci Maria Grazia , Soriente Alessandra , Gomez d'Ayala Giovanna , Laurienzo Paola 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, 3D printing technology is used to develop nanocomposite scaffolds based on polylactic acid (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA). PLA was functionalized with itaconic anhydride (PLAf) via radical grafting to improve affinity with the inorganic nanofiller and accelerate hydrolytic degradation. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies confirmed the occurrence of chemical functionalization. Preliminary characterization of films of PLA, PLAf and relative nanocomposites through water contact angle measurements highlighted an increase of wettability for PLAf, due to the hydrophilic groups grafted onto polymer chain. Thermal analysis showed an increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) in PLAf nanocomposites, likely due to enhanced matrix‐nanoparticle interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed more defined and homogeneous fibers for PLAf‐HA5 and PLAf‐HA10, meanwhile results from compression tests indicated improved processability and enhanced mechanical properties of nanocomposite PLAf‐based scaffolds, as evidenced by increased values of Young modulus. Hydrolytic degradation studies in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) solution showed greater weight loss and molecular weight decrease for PLAf, PLAf‐HA5, and PLAf‐HA10, suggesting faster degradation due to increased hydrophilicity. Biological tests with human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) demonstrated that all scaffolds promoted cell proliferation, with PLAf‐HA formulations showing higher effect on cellular behavior in terms of cell growth and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, indicating that chemical functionalization improves cell attachment, proliferation and early osteogenic differentiation.Highlights
Functionalization of PLA enhances hydrophilicity and HA affinity.
Nanocomposite scaffolds based on PLAf are successfully developed by 3D printing.
PLA functionalization enhances ink printability, making more uniform structures.
PLAf‐based scaffolds exhibit an accelerated hydrolytic degradation
PLAf‐HA scaffolds support cell adhesion and early osteogenic differentiation.
Multiple Perspectives on the Need for Real‐World Evidence to Inform Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment Decision‐Making: Scoping Review and Stakeholder Interviews
Authors: Jansen Marieke S. , Dekkers Olaf M. , le Cessie Saskia , Hooft Lotty , Gardarsdottir Helga , de Boer Anthonius , Groenwold Rolf H. H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeReal‐world evidence (RWE) is increasingly considered in regulatory and health technology assessment (HTA) decision‐making, though perspectives on its relevance may vary. Expanding on a recent review regarding regulatory decisions, this study aimed to identify factors influencing the need for RWE in HTA decision‐making, confirm and enrich factors with stakeholder views, and evaluate similarities and differences between regulatory and HTA needs.MethodsPrevious scoping review methodology was used to identify factors influencing the need for RWE in HTA decision‐making. Semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders were conducted to confirm and enrich literature‐derived factors for both regulatory and HTA contexts. Insights from the reviews and interviews were combined to explore similarities and differences in RWE needs across these domains.ResultsThe HTA review, featuring 118 articles, revealed two major themes and six subthemes, encompassing 45 factors. The need for RWE depended on (1) questions addressable with RWE, and (2) contextual factors. Stakeholder interviews confirmed literature‐derived factors. While contextual factors aligned between regulatory and HTA decision‐making, question‐related factors partly differed. Unlike the benefit–risk assessment in regulatory decision‐making, RWE serves as direct input for the HTA, and involves specific details and a broader scope. Regulators require RWE for orphan status submissions, alternative approval pathways and to evaluate the impact of risk minimization measures, whereas HTA uses RWE to guide comparator selection, evaluate treatment implementation, quality of care and general healthcare impacts.ConclusionContextual factors that influence the need for RWE are similar between regulatory and HTA decision‐making, with variations seen in questions addressable with RWE.
Patient and Public Involvement in Pharmacoepidemiological Research: An Environmental Scan of an Emerging Area
Authors: Julie Rigoureau , Yael Busnel , Anaïs Havet , Anne Termoz , Julie Haesebaert , Marie Viprey 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) in research is required to improve the relevance, feasibility, and interpretability. However, research on PPIs in pharmacoepidemiology (PE) is still limited. This study aimed to provide an overview of PPI implementation in pharmacoepidemiology through an environmental scan.MethodsThe environmental scan combined systematic reviews and expert interviews. A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2023, to identify PE studies in which PPIs were mentioned. An additional review covered British Medical Journal's (BMJ) original articles from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2023, via a similar method. In parallel, a cross‐sectional study was conducted with a standardized questionnaire for French PE research teams, involving interviews via videoconference.ResultsWe identified 3615 references for screening, among which 232 were selected for full‐text screening. However, no studies have reported the use of PPIs in PE studies. The additional BMJ review identified 1058 references, 74 of which met the full‐text selection criteria, and eight were included. Of 13 French PE research teams surveyed, three had prior PPI experience, and 12 affirmed the relevance of PPI in PE. The respondents identified barriers such as PE's complexity (n = 9). They suggested training for patients (n = 9) and collaboration with specialist teams (n = 5) to facilitate PPI.ConclusionOur environmental scan highlighted the emergence and relevance of PPIs in PE studies, even though they are still uncommon. Tools are needed to acculture and assist PE researchers in engaging in PPIs.