bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of <i>Vernonia ambigua</i> on testicular histology, selected semen profiles and serum oxidative stress biomarkers of Wistar rats
Authors: Igwe E.C. , Besong E.E. , Esomchi C.N. , Nwofia J.O. , Okoche M.C. , Onigbo E.O. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Infertility has become an ever-present growing reproductive concern worldwide, with male factors evading required scrutiny due to entrenched cultural beliefs, in lieu of scientific proofs. Though researchers’ contribution is palpable, there is still persistent need for more study in this area. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Vernonia ambigua on testicular histology, selected semen profiles and serum oxidative stress biomarkers of Wistar rats
METHODOLOGY: Twenty rats weighing 200-220g were grouped into four. Each group had five rats. Group A received feed and water. Groups B, C and D received 100mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight and 400 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia ambigua respectively for 2 weeks. On the 15th day, blood (serum) samples were collected for oxidative stress biomarkers estimation. Histology of the testis and semen parameters were examined. One way Analysis of Variance in Statistical Package for Social Science was used for data analysis with significance difference set at P < 0.05.
RESULTS: Mild testicular distortion was observed in group D. The levels of glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in groups B, C and D showed no significant difference when compared to levels of the variables in group A. The same outcome was observed in the comparison of sperm viability, morphology and count of groups B, C and D to group A.
CONCLUSION: Vernonia ambigua at lower dose, shows promising antioxidant and reproductive effects especially when sperm viability is preferred to sperm count.
Testicular histology and seminal assessments following codeine-containing cough syrup administration in male Wistar rats
Authors: Ibeabuchi K.C. , Gbotolorun S.C. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Studies have shown that given its sedating and euphoric effects and the development of tolerance within a relatively short time-frame on repeated use, codeine and codeine-containing products carry identified abuse potential both in pill and syrup forms. Its use, misuse and dependence have become an emerging global public health concern. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of codeine containing cough syrup on the testes of adult Wistar rats.
METHODOLOGY: Twenty rats (110-200g) were divided into four groups A-D of five rats each. Group A (control) received only feed and water. Group B (low dose group) received 10.95mg/kg body weight, group C (medium dose group) received 21.90mg/kg body weight while group D (high dose group) received 43.80mg/kg body weight of the syrup daily via an oral cannula for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, the testes were harvested, weighed and processed for seminal and histological assessments.
RESULTS: Only the low dose group had significantly (P<0.05) lower values of seminal analysis when compared to the control. No deleterious effects were observed in the histological profiles of all the testes.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results provide preliminary evidence from seminal analysis and histology that codeine-containing cough syrup had no adverse effect on the testes.
Onychogryphosis of the finger: A case report
Authors: Ibraheem G. H. , Kadir D. M. , Babalola O. M. , Salau O. N. , Ahmed B. A. 
Published: January 2025

Onychogryphosis is a disorder of nail growth characterized by thickening and increase in length and curvature of the nail plate either upward (ram's horn dystrophy) or downward (oyster like onychogryphosis). It is mostly found in the feet of elderly, invalid patients due to neglected self-care behaviours. It may however occur following trauma to the nail bed. The presence of onychogryphosis in elderly patients may contribute to difficulty in using appropriate footwear and restriction of use of the hands. We managed an elderly man with finger onychogryphosis following trauma to the nail in a background of limb paresis. Excision of the nail plate and matricectomy was done as a definitive surgical treatment for the condition. This enabled better function of the hand and allowed easier performance of activities of daily living.
An Alternate Proof of Near-Optimal Light Spanners
Authors: Bodwin Greg 
Published: January 2025

In 2016, a breakthrough result of Chechik and Wulff-Nilsen [SODA '16] established that every $n$-node graph $G$ has a $(1+\varepsilon)(2k-1)$-spanner of lightness $O_{\varepsilon}(n^{1/k})$, and recent followup work by Le and Solomon [STOC '23] generalized the proof strategy and improved the dependence on $\varepsilon$. We give a new proof of this result, with the improved $\varepsilon$-dependence. Our proof is a direct analysis of the often-studied greedy spanner, and can be viewed as an extension of the folklore Moore bounds used to analyze spanner sparsity.Comment: 26 pages. This is the TheoretiCS journal version (invited paper from SOSA 2024)
Cultural Value of “A’bulo Sibatang” in Social Studies Learning as Cultural Heritage to Build Ecological Intelligence of Junior High School Students
Authors: Hasni Hasni , Falihin Dalilul , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Nur Rahmania , Bte Salman Nola Febriyani 
Published: January 2025

Cultural values are an important aspect in the context of Social Studies learning. This study aims to determine the cultural values of a'bulo sibatang that can be integrated into social studies learning as an effort to build students' ecological intelligence and the impact of inheriting the cultural values of a'bulo sibatang in building the ecological intelligence of students. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Observation, interview, and documentation data collection techniques. The results showed three cultural values of a'bulo sibatang that can be integrated into social studies learning: the value of sipakatu, siapakainga, and assamaturukang values. Integration of a'bulo sibatang values in social studies learning is very effective in building ecological intelligence of junior high school students through social project activities, which are written in the media mading. The cultural value of a'bulo sibatang has a very positive impact on building the ecological intelligence of junior high school students.
KOMPOSISI JENIS IKAN DEMERSAL PADA FISH APARTMENT BERBAHAN DASAR BAN BEKAS DI PERAIRAN PEMANGKAT KABUPATEN SAMBAS
Authors: Heriyansah Heriyansah , Saifullah Saifullah 
Published: January 2025

Keberadaan rumah ikan dimanfaatkan nelayan untuk mencari gerombolan ikan target tangkapan. Dengan adanya rumah ikan, maka ikan akan terkonsentrasi sehingga lokasinya telah diketahui sebelumnya. Hal ini akan meminimalkan biaya operasional sekaligus meningkatkan hasil tangkapan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis ikan demersal yang berasosiasi pada fish apartment di Perairan Laut Kecamatan Pemangkat Kabupaten Sambas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tangkapan dengan menggunakan pancing ulur dengan spesifikasi terdiri dari tali utama, pemberat, swivel, tali pancing, dan mata pancing. Umpan pancing menggunakan sotong dan atau ikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 6 bulan atau 15 trip. Fish apartment dibuat dengan cara merangkai ban sepeda motor bekas sebanyak 180 buah dengan ukuran yang seragam berbentuk kubus atau balok yang diikat menggunakan tali tambang berdiameter 6 mm. Pemberat yang digunakan terbuat dari cor semen dilengkapi dengan tali pengikat berdiameter 10 mm. Parameter yang diamati untuk data ikan adalah komposisi jenis (KJ). Hasil penelitian diperoleh komposisi jenis ikan tertinggi adalah jenaha (Lutjanus synagris) sebesar 41%, diikuti ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus campechanus) sebesar 39%, kerapu (Epinephelus suillus) sebesar 9%, kakap ekor kuning (Lutjanus vitta) sebesar 8%, seminyak (Diagramma pictum) sebesar 3%, dan kapas (Pentaprion longimanus) sebesar 1%.
Aktivitas Project-Based Learning dalam Perkuliahan Bahasa Inggris Teknik
Authors: Permata Nia , Hadiani Dini 
Published: January 2025

Metode pembelajaran dikelas sangat mempengaruhi sikap mahasiswa terhadap pelaksanaan perkuliahan khususnya dalam perkuliahan Bahasa Inggris bidang Teknik. Untuk itu, menerapkan sebuah metoda yang tepat sangat bermanfaat bagi suksesnya pembelajaran. Saat ini Project Based Learning adalah suatu metoda yang sedang gencar digalakkan di institusi Politeknik. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini menggambarkan bagaimana Project-Based sederhana dilakukan di dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris bidang Teknik, dan melihat bagaimana respon mahasiswa terhadap pelaksanaannya. Observasi kelas dan pembagian kuesioner dilakukan untuk mendapatkan respon mahasiswa. Kegiatan pembelajaran ini diikuti oleh 40 mahasiswa tingkat satu yang berasal dari dua kelas dengan jurusan berbeda yakni Teknik Manufaktur dan Teknik Otomasi & Mekatronika Manufaktur. Berdasakan hasilnya, ditemukan bahwa pelaksanaan Project-Based Learning berjalan dengan lancar, dan mahasiswa memberikan respon yang baik terhadap pelaksanaan perkuliahan dimana mereka dapat membangun kemampuan komunikasi, kreativitas & eksplorasi, berfikir kritis, dan kolaborasi. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan umpan balik bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran ini perlu dilanjutkan dengan durasi yang lebih lama.

Kata kunci: Project Based Learning, Bahasa Inggris Teknik
EFEKTIVITAS DAN LAJU PENURUNAN KADAR COD DAN TSS AIR LIMBAH ARTIFISAL DENGAN PROSES ELEKTROKOAGULASI
Authors: Satriawan Dodi , Pramita Ayu , Santoso Agus 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan elektrokoagulasi menggunakan elektrode besi dan alumanium pada penurunan kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan Total Suspended Solid (TSS) di dalam air limbah artifisial. Penelitian ini merupakan studi pendahuluan untuk mengetahui kemampuan elektrode besi dan aluminium dengan variasi tegangan dan arus dalam menurunkan kadar COD dan TSS. Elektrode besi dan aluminium yang digunakan berbentuk pelat dengan ketebalan 0,2 cm, panjang 10 cm dan lebar 5 cm. Air limbah artifisial yang digunakan sebanyak 1 liter. Limbah artifisial yang digunakan berasal dari limbah tepung tapioka dengan konsentrasi 10.000 ppm. Variasi tegangan listrik digunakan berupa 10 volt dan 20 volt serta menggunakan arus 5 A dan 10 A. Analisis TSS mengacu pada SNI 6989.3:019 dan COD mengacu pada SNI 6989.02.2019. Hasil optimum didapatkan pada tegangan 20 volt dan 5 A dengan efektivitas penurunan TSS sebesar 52,06% dan efektivitas penurunan COD sebesar 90,06%.
Artificial Intelligence in Digital Art: A Comparative Analysis on Impacts to Artists
Authors: Cajulis Richard Christopher Jude , Tuazon Jakob Adrian , Cabauatan Ronaldo R. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study explores the evolving relationship between artists and AI tools in the digital art world. AI's ability to mimic artistic styles and generate new ideas challenges traditional notions of art creation. While AI offers potential benefits like workload reduction and creative inspiration, concerns remain about its impact on artist income and creative processes.
Methodology: The research investigates artist satisfaction with AI-generated works, the impact on workflow efficiency, and the potential for income changes. It aims to understand how artists perceive these tools and how AI is affecting their creative ecosystem.
Findings: The study anticipates that traditional and blended approaches will hold higher value due to the unique skills and time invested. Findings revealed a three-tiered artist landscape: 1) traditional artists, 2) artists who blend AI and traditional methods, and 3) artists solely using AI tools. The research sheds light on the complex interplay between technological innovation, creative expression, and financial viability within the digital art domain.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study employs economic theory of production to analyze the impact of AI on artistic production. In the context revenue, satisfaction, and workload, artists in Manila, Philippines are willing to use AI tools in order to increase their revenue, have a felicitous satisfaction, and reduce their workload that align with the client’s needs. While AI tools can be valuable assistants, the human element remains central to the creative process.
Child, Why Are They Bringing You to Trial?
Authors: Greene Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines Joan Little’s prison activist supporters within the context of the broader prison movement of the 1960s and 1970s - including women’s prisons, which have received far less scholarly attention than men’s prisons. It surveys African American women’s history of organizing against the sexual abuse of imprisoned Black women (including activists), from the efforts of Ida B. Wells and the National Association of Colored Women, to the National Council of Negro Women and the left-leaning Sojourners for Truth and Justice; and the history of Black singers and songwriters who addressed incarceration and anti-Black violence. The chapter focuses on local and national prison activists, especially African American women like Celine Chenier, founder of the Durham-based Free Joan Little campaign and of Action for Forgotten Women, which advocated for prisoners at North Carolina Correctional Center for Women (NCCCW); Concerned Women for Justice for Joan Little; Angela Davis and Charlene Mitchell from the National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression; and the Chicago-based National Alliance of Black Feminists. Predominantly white groups who addressed carceral concerns and supported Joan Little, such as the Triangle Area Lesbian Feminists (TALF) and the National Organization for Women (NOW), are also included.
One Punishment is not Enough
Authors: Johnson Janiece 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conviction was never enough. John D. Lee’s execution offered a path to redemption, yet in the American mind, Lee refused it. Brigham Young’s prosecution almost entirely took place in the press highlighting both political and religious concerns about the Mormons. Though accusations of Young as a despot were not new, as John D. Lee’s first trial ended, attention on Young only grew. In the two years between Lee’s first trial and Young’s death in 1877, Young became responsible for the massacre. He would never be officially tried, there was no direct evidence connecting him to the massacre. The lack of a prosecution of the Mormon Prophet served the narrative more effectively than would a prosecution.
Peace Chiefs and Blood Revenge
Authors: Lee Wayne E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Discussions of the escalation in the intensity and lethality of European–Native American warfare lack a systematic catalog of Indian restraints on war, in contrast to the extensive literature on European warfare. This chapter surveys eastern Native American societies at war from roughly 1500 to 1800 for limits on destructive potential and intent. Although Indian societies were willing to destroy an enemy, including indiscriminate killing, patterns of restraint inherent to their social authority, cultural values, and methods of warfare tended to limit escalation and the overall level of violence. The dissonance of patterns of restraint in Indian and European warfare contributed to Euro-Indian escalation.
Apple Pie, Mother, and Nixon
Authors: Shepherd Lauren Lassabe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter analyzes student participation in campaigns for law-and-order and segregationist Republican Party presidential nominees, including Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and George Wallace, in the 1968 Republican primary and in the 1968 presidential election. It explores how resistance to racial justice was inherent to college conservatism through an analysis of groups such as Youth for Wallace, which became the National Youth Alliance and the American Nazi Party, as well as students’ academic mentors, including the self-identified fascist, Professor Revilo Oliver.
Chapter Six
Authors: Masters Marc 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Throughout the 1980s and ’90s—and beyond, for those truly devoted—obsessed cassette tape lovers changed each other’s lives with mixtapes, the handmade missives that used blank cassettes to pass along musical selections. They selected and arranged sounds for friends as gifts, for crushes as courtship, for fellow music fanatics in impassioned exchanges of art and information that spurred learning and discovery, like an audio version of pen pals or love letters. They did this with relatively cheap blank tapes they could buy almost anywhere, not just at music stores but even at groceries and pharmacies. Meaning and messages could be embedded in every choice: what songs to pick, what to start with, what to end with, how to order and arrange them all, what to write on the cassette, what to put on the cover, even something as seemingly mundane as what length of blank tape to use. We meet some of these mixtape makers, hearing stories of their favorite creations and pondering the philosophy and emotional resonance of sending messages through music imprinted on cassette tapes.
Another Form of Sabotage
Authors: Brooks Emily M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the NYPD’s campaigns against prostitution. It considers how Fiorello La Guardia and Lewis Valentine sought to surveil women who were profiled as likely sex workers or carriers of venereal diseases and the roles that policewomen and the city’s Health Department and Bureau of Social Hygiene played in these processes. It explores the particular criminalization of Black women in Harlem and how women sought to resist. It considers the ways that the mobilization for World War II intensified these processes and provided new federal and military support for them through policies like the Eight Point Agreement and the May Act.
Is This the Freedom We are All Working so Hard for?
Authors: Brooks Emily M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the construction of juvenile delinquency. It examines how youth policing developed in the early twentieth century and considers the introduction of new divisions and policies under Fiorello La Guardia, including the Juvenile Aid Bureau and the Police Athletic League. It considers how youth policing was racialized and gendered through the enforcement of provisions like the Wayward Minor Law and targeted toward Black neighborhoods like Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant, as well as entertainment hubs like Times Square. Finally, it explores how Black New Yorkers sought to defend Black children against these policies and how the mobilization for World War II altered the approaches of the police department and those who were critical of the NYPD’s youth policing.
They do not Go There to Say a Padre Nostre
Authors: Brooks Emily M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks at the policing of nightlife in Harlem. It examines the NYPD’s networks for surveilling leisure spaces, how alcohol prohibition and its repeal affected nightlife policing, and how the NYPD criminalized Harlem. It considers how residents resisted this criminalization and how nightlife policing intensified during World War II with campaigns to protect enlisted men from prostitution by closing down key neighborhood institutions like the Savoy Ballroom. It introduces actors who protested these campaigns, like the novelist and journalist Ann Petry, and considers episodes of mass resistance, like the uprising of 1943.
Case report of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in corneal ulcer: why is it difficult to treat?
Authors: Kusumadewi Yolanda Pitra , Karina Stefani Melisa , Setyowati Reny , Suhardjo  , Rizki Ludhang Pradipta 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic bacterium and has rarely been reported as a cause of infection in the cornea. Ocular infection due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic infection followed by instability of the ocular surface. Casalita et al. (2020), in their research at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia found two cases of infected corneal ulcers due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Case description: A 57-year-old man came to the eye clinic with pain in the left eye and blurred vision. The patient was diagnosed with severe corneal ulcer and regularly came for the treatment. The patient felt that his eye suddenly got worse with visual acuity only to his hand movement. Corneal ulcer swab procedure is performed when the patient firstly visit the clinic. Samples are sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture examination. Culture results obtained were coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Conclusion: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has several virulence factors, including resistance to various antibiotics, making it difficult to treat.
Invitro Antimicrobial Properties of Gold Nanaoparticles Biosynthesized by Medicinal Plant Extracts: Croton Megalocarpus
Authors: Mathew Kamau  , John M.Maingi  , Sauda Swaleh  , Wilson Njue  
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Nanoparticles are small particles with distinctive characteristics of chemical, biological and physical properties as compared to the bulk matter. Great interest to explore the potential and application of this nanoparticles have gain momentum in the field of science. This research in particular was designed to explore alternative way of producing these nanoparticles. Green synthesis used in this research was prefer as the materials are readily available, the method is ecofriendly and potentially efficient. The study utilized croton megalocarpus leaves extract as reducing and capping agent of gold solution (1 mM gold (III) chloride trihydrate).Formation of AuNPs was done using Uv vis spectrophotometer while characterization was done using HRTEM,the active biomecules present in the plant extract was screened using FTIR. From the results the stirring time was six minutes and the color of the solution turned from right yellow to dark brown. The uv vis spectrophotometer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was λmax 545 nm with the intensity of 1.0 after six minutes. The HRTEM results indicated that the resultant nanoparticle were mostly spherical with non-uniform surface with an average diameter of 26.5±1.2nm. The FTIR indicated O-H stretching at 3273.26 cm-1+ absorbance peak which corresponds to alcohol and phenol, carbonyl (C=O) groups stretching at an absorbance peak of 1637.59 cm-1 corresponding to carbonyl-containing organic species. The nanoparticles produced showed great antimicrobial properties especially on gram negative bacteria, with E.coli having highest inhibition of 15 ±0.41nm the least affected was B.sabtilis a gram positive bacteria with 8.5 ± 0.73 and E.feacalis which was resistant to AuNPs inhibition. Synergistic antimicrobial effect was observed on E.feacalis where coating an inhibition of 16.5nm as compared to drug alone which had an inhibition of 14.5nm. These findings suggest that AuNPs synthesized from Croton megalocarpus could be valuable in the development of nanotechnology-based antimicrobial drugs.