bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Radiological Review of the Unusual Contents of Inguinal Region
Authors: Ganesan Gunalan , Ramachandran Rajoo , Raji Venkatesh Bala Raghu , Nandhakumar Subhashini , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Sai P.M. Venkata 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background The inguinal region is an area of complex anatomy that could contain diverse uncommon contents in routine clinical practice. Although inguinal hernia repair is one of the commonest surgeries done routinely, thorough preoperative imaging has a significant impact on the outcome of the surgery, by revealing the presence of unusual contents in the inguinal region.
Aim The aim of this article is to review the differential diagnosis of the uncommon inguinal pathologies, which can simulate an inguinal hernia, to determine, and to simplify the treatment approach.
Conclusions A profound understanding of the imaging characteristics of uncommon inguinal pathologies is crucial for both the radiologists (to prevent misdiagnosis) and the treating physicians (to avoid surgical complications) and ensure optimal management.
Pediatric Presentation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Review of Recent Literature With Estimation of Local Prevalence
Authors: Radin Massimo , Cecchi Irene , Arbrile Marta , Montin Davide , Farinasso Loredana , Cioffi Michele , Foddai Silvia Grazietta , Barinotti Alice , Menegatti Elisa , Baldovino Simone , Sciascia Savino , Roccatello Dario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the epidemiology, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the pediatric involvement of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), by performing a review of the current evidence and reviewing local experience in the Northwest Italy. To achieve this, we performed a detailed literature search to identify articles describing clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric APS. In concomitance, we conducted a registry-based study collecting data from the Piedmont and Aosta Valley Rare Disease Registry including pediatric patients diagnosed with APS in the last 11 years. The literature review led to inclusion of six articles with a total of 386 pediatric patients (65% females, 50% with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as concomitant diagnosis). Rates of venous and arterial thrombosis were 57 and 35%, respectively. “Extra-criteria manifestations” included mostly hematologic and neurologic involvement. Almost one-quarter of patients (19%) reported recurrent events and 13% manifested as catastrophic APS. A total of 17 pediatric patients (mean age 15.1 ± 2.8, 76% female) developed APS in the Northwest of Italy. In 29% of cases, SLE was a concomitant diagnosis. Deep vein thrombosis was the most frequent manifestation (28%) followed by catastrophic APS (6%). The estimated prevalence of pediatric APS in Piedmont and Aosta Valley Region is 2.5/100,000 people, whereas the estimated annual incidence is 0.2/100,000 inhabitants. In conclusion, clinical manifestations of pediatric APS seem to be more severe and with a high prevalence of noncriteria manifestations. International efforts are needed to better characterize this condition and to develop new specific diagnostic criteria to avoid missed/delayed diagnosis in children with APS.
Research on energy acquisition technology based on one-dimensional acoustic black hole effect
Authors: Wang Hai , Zhang Zihao , Sun Hang , Li Henian , Tang Ye , Yang Chunlai 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a piezoelectric energy harvester based on periodic one-dimensional acoustic black holes (ABH) is proposed to improve efficiency. The harvesting performance of the energy harvester with different ABH-structures was numerically simulated through the commercial software, COMSOL Multiphysics. Finally, an experimental platform was set up to test several energy harvester samples. The results show that the energy aggregation effect of the bilateral ABH beam is better than that of the traditional ABH beam. In the optimal impedance matching, the maximum output power of the energy harvester with bilateral ABH type 3 is 112 mW, which is 2.8 times that of the energy harvester with traditional ABH. The simulation and experimental results show that the energy harvesting efficiency of the proposed ABH is much higher than that of the energy harvester with traditional ABH. It is expected to make some contributions to the further development of lightweight wireless sensors, equipment service life, bearing fault diagnosis, and so on.
Electrical and magnetic performances of semiconductor based carbon nanoparticles
Authors: Ray Sekhar C. 
Published: March 2023

The temperature-dependent resistivity, room temperature electron field emission, and magnetic performance within the temperature range of 2–300 K of previously chemically synthesized pure carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from candle soot having particle sizes of ≈2–6 nm have been studied. The highest saturation magnetization and coercivity of ≈8.9 × 10−2 emu/g and ≈130.8 Oe were obtained at 2 and 4 K, respectively. We also determined that the turn-on electric field is ≈27 V/μm with a current density of ≈0.8 × 10−8 A/cm2 @ 20 V/μm. The temperature vs electrical resistivity and applied high electric field (EA) vs electron emission show the tunneling from one conductive sp2 C=C cluster to another separated by an sp2 C=C cluster (and/or an insulating sp3 C–C cluster). The magnetic, as well as the electric, field emission results imply that CNPs could be useful for the fabrication of spintronic as well as field-emission display devices.
Index
Authors: Taşar Mehmet Fatih , Heron Paula R. L. 
Published: March 2023

The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics covers the topics of educational technologies, learning environments, teacher education, and assessment in relation to physics education. As the field of physics education research grows, it is increasingly difficult for newcomers to gain an appreciation of the major findings across all sub-domains, discern global themes, and recognize gaps in the literature. The current volume incorporates the understanding of both physics and education concepts and provides an extensive review the literature in a wide range of important topics.
The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics includes:Various teaching perspectives including active learning, the modeling method, and teaching environments.Distance/online education, formative and summative assessment, and assessment in online education.Gender, race, and ethnicity equity.
Readers will find this comprehensive treatment of the literature useful in understanding physics education research and extending to all the physical sciences including chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and other related disciplines.
Soil nematode trophic structure and biochar addition in recently converted boreal lands
Authors: Young Erika Helen , Abedin Joinal , Unc Adrian 
Published: March 2023

Context Climate change facilitated expansion of agriculture into northern regions increases the amount of Podzol dominated farmland. Biochar can improve poor growing conditions in soils. There are no universally accepted soil quality indicators for assessing the sustainability of expanding and intensifying boreal farming. Changes in the soil community structure can inform on soil functional status and the impact of management. Aims We assessed the impacts of biochar added to recently converted agricultural land on soil nematodes. We hypothesised that biochar addition would increase soil pH, correlate with total nematode abundance, and favour bacterivores over fungivores. Methods Biochar was added to soil at 10–80 Mg C ha−1 rates. Physicochemical soil properties, crop yields, nematode community trophic composition, trophic group ratios, and diversity indices were assessed. Key results Soil quality and fertility were improved with biochar, critically through increasing pH from 4.8 to 5.5. The interactions between pH, available metals, and micro-nutrients were related to biochar rate. Biochar was associated with increased bacterivore abundance (CI90 of 328 ± 132 vs 618 ± 50 individuals) indicating accelerated SOM degradation, and increased omnivore abundance (CI90 of 13 ± 17 vs 33 ± 7 individuals) indicating a more resilient community. Changes to Podzol quality may be most reliably indicated by bacterivore abundance and community complexity than by ratios and diversity indices. Conclusions Biochar application improved soil quality as suggested by nematode community structure. Implications Biochar application may be recommended to improve Podzol quality and fertility. Soil nematodes can indicate relative changes to Podzol quality.
Nitrogen dynamics in alpine soils of south-eastern Australia
Authors: Grover Samantha , Tate Jack , Warren Charles , Venn Susanna 
Published: March 2023

Context The Australian Alps are recognised by UNESCO as a globally significant mountain range. Soils underpin all of these ecosystem services. However, sparse data exists on alpine soils. Aims and methods We explored nitrogen dynamics of soils from four high mountain sites, using a combination of new and established field and laboratory techniques. Key results Organic and inorganic N were of the same order of magnitude, with around twice as much inorganic N as organic N. Forty three small (<250 Da) organic N compounds were detected, with concentrations 30 times greater in microbial and salt-extractable pools than free in the soil solution. The net N mineralisation rate decreased four-fold over the growing season. The organic matter decomposition rate was close to the global mean (k = 0.017), while the stabilisation factor was high (0.28) in comparison with other ecosystems globally. Conclusions These results begin to illuminate the complexity of the belowground processes that have formed the high C soils of the Australian Alps. The combination of moderate turnover times and high stabilization of organic matter support Costin’s theory that these mountain soils formed in place as a result of biological activity, rather than reflecting their geological substrata. The pools of organic N adsorbed to mineral soil surfaces and bound up within microbes lend support to a theory of tight N cycling, with little organic or inorganic N free in the soil solution. Implications This new knowledge of soil N dynamics can support land managers to design successful restoration works to preserve alpine soil ecosystem services impacted by climate change, feral animal disturbance, weed invasion and the increase in summer tourism infrastructure.
Persian quantifiers and their scope
Authors: Shafiei Nazila 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates quantifiers and their scope in Persian, proposing that Persian is not a scope-rigid language, rather scope rigidity in this language is a construction-specific property controlled by scrambling. In other words, the availability of scrambling translates into lack of ambiguity (for similar arguments, see Hoji 1985, 1986 for Japanese; Ionin 2001 for Russian; Bobaljik & Wurmbrand 2012 for German). I further propose that in Persian, the nature and the size of scrambling is what dictates the presence or absence of scope ambiguity, whereby the vP-internal scrambling cases induce ambiguity while the vP-external ones do not. Examples from various sentences with two quantifiers show that although Persian exhibits a strong preference for surface scope in general, constructions involving inverse linking, for which only the inverse scope is possible, justify that a Quantifier Raising (QR) operation is available in this language, contradicting Karimi (2005). This paper draws on Bobaljik & Wurmbrand’s (2012) (B&W) constraint-based proposal and the negative correlation between scrambling and scope ambiguity.
Introduction
Authors: Karimi Simin , Nematollahi Narges , Kabiri Roya , Ngui Jian Gang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Iranian language family is the western branch of the Indo-Iranian language group which itself belongs to the Indo-European language family. As Windfuhr (2009) states, “with an estimated 150–200 million native speakers, the Iranian language family is one of the world’s major language families.” The exact number of languages in this family is unknown. However, it has been estimated to be around 86 (Eberhard et al. 2019). Although there is no definite agreement about the classification of these languages, they can be roughly divided into four major groups: Northwestern, Southwestern, Northeastern and Southeastern. These languages have several properties in common, but there are also major differences among them in terms of their sound systems, syntactic and morpho-syntactic structures. These variations provide a novel and ideal laboratory for various types of linguistic research.
Theoretical insights into the epitaxial growth of black arsenene enabled on GeS(001)
Authors: Shi Bingjun , Song Yiyao , Zhang Weifeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Black arsenene exhibits many exotic physical properties, such as Rashba spin–orbital coupling, fractional quantum Hall effect (Sheng 2021 Nature
593 56) as well as some advantages in the field of energy storage (Wu et al 2021 J. Mater. Chem. A
9 18793). High-quality and large-area BA monolayer can promote the investigations about BA and its device application. Epitaxial growth mechanism of BA is desirable. Here, based on density functional theory calculation, the epitaxial growth of BA monolayer was simulated. GeS(001) is found to be a suitable substrate for BA monolayer to epitaxially grow on. As a common isomer of arsenene, gray arsenene should be considered during the growth, because it is also energetically and thermodynamically stable in freestanding state. However, black arsenene monolayer is more energetically and thermodynamically stable than gray arsenene monolayer on GeS(001) substrate. During the growth, two arsenene atoms easily form a dimer on GeS(001), which diffuses more quickly and isotropically than arsenene monomer. In addition, the heterojunction consisted of balck arsenene and GeS(001) is an indirect gap semiconductor, but it can transform into a direct gap semiconductor with external tensile strain along zigzag direction. Remarkably, optical adsorption spectra range of BA/GeS(001) can be more abroad than that of BA and GeS(001) bilayers. The theatrical insights shed new light on some ideal substrates that can realize the epitaxial growth of high-quality simple substances of group V.
Experimental and theoretical thermodynamic studies in Ba2MgReO6—the ground state in the context of Jahn-Teller effect
Authors: Pásztorová Jana , Mansouri Tehrani Aria , Živković Ivica , Spaldin Nicola A , Rønnow Henrik M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We address the degeneracy of the ground state multiplet on the 5d
1 Re6+ ion in double perovskite Ba2MgReO6 using a combination of specific heat measurements and density functional calculations. For Ba2MgReO6, two different ground state multiplets have previously been proposed—a quartet (with degeneracy N = 4) (Hirai and Hiroi 2019 J. Phys. Soc. Japan
88 064712) and a doublet (N = 2) (Marjerrison et al 2016 Inorg. Chem.
55 10701). Here we employ two independent methods for the estimation of phonon contribution in heat capacity data to obtain the magnetic entropy

S

m
a
g

, which reflects the degeneracy of the ground state multiplet N through

S

m
a
g

=
R

lnN. In both cases, we obtain that in the temperature range covering 2 to 120 K the released entropy is better described by

S

m
a
g

=
R

ln2. The detailed nature of the ground state multiplet in Ba2MgReO6 remains an open question.
Integrated data analysis on the electron density profile of HL-2A with the Bayesian probability inference method
Authors: Chen Jiahong , Wang Zhibin , Wang Tianbo , Yang Yonghao , Wu Hao , Li Yonggao , Xiao Guoliang , Verdoolaege Geert , Mazon Didier , Yang Zengchen , Jiang Min , Shi Zhongbing , Chen Jian , Yv Yi , Zhong Wulyu , Xu Min 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In fusion research, the diagnostic data are obtained from different diagnostic systems, which are relatively independent (in terms of the response function, noise, calibration, etc…). The consequence is that many measurements providing the same physical quantity could provide different results. In this work, the Bayesian probability inference has been applied to the frequency modulated continuous wave reflectometry and the Far-infrared laser interferometer diagnostic systems on HL-2A tokamak, offering the integrated data analysis (IDA) for electron density profile reconstruction. With the implementation, it is demonstrated that more comprehensive inference could be delivered from IDA compared to the traditional individual data analysis technique. The data analysis program based on the Bayesian inference model has been developed to reconstruct the two-dimensional electron density profile, which permits to be further implementation of the HL-2A/2M IDA framework in the near future.
Machine learning and Bayesian inference in nuclear fusion research: an overview
Authors: Pavone A , Merlo A , Kwak S , Svensson J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article reviews applications of Bayesian inference and machine learning (ML) in nuclear fusion research. Current and next-generation nuclear fusion experiments require analysis and modelling efforts that integrate different models consistently and exploit information found across heterogeneous data sources in an efficient manner. Model-based Bayesian inference provides a framework well suited for the interpretation of observed data given physics and probabilistic assumptions, also for very complex systems, thanks to its rigorous and straightforward treatment of uncertainties and modelling hypothesis. On the other hand, ML, in particular neural networks and deep learning models, are based on black-box statistical models and allow the handling of large volumes of data and computation very efficiently. For this reason, approaches which make use of ML and Bayesian inference separately and also in conjunction are of particular interest for today’s experiments and are the main topic of this review. This article also presents an approach where physics-based Bayesian inference and black-box ML play along, mitigating each other’s drawbacks: the former is made more efficient, the latter more interpretable.
Analysis of radial electric field in the scrape-off layer in SOLPS-ITER modeling of ASDEX-upgrade and ITER
Authors: Kaveeva E , Rozhansky V 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Formation of the radial electric field profile in the scrape-off layer of the tokamak in the outer midplane is analyzed on the basis of SOLPS-ITER modeling for various regimes of ASDEX-Upgrade and ITER. The radial electric field is a result of the interplay of different contributions to the electron parallel momentum balance equation and the sheath potential drop at the plate, all of the same order. The relative role of these contributions is analyzed for semi-detached and attached divertor conditions. It is demonstrated that in the conduction-limited regime the electric field is positive, while in the semi-detached regime it decreases in absolute value in the major part of SOL and even becomes negative at the separatrix.
An analytical approach to the stress relaxation behavior of a low temperature shape-memory fabric based on viscoelastic models
Authors: Jafari Horastani Sahar , Ghane Mohammad , Karevan Mehdi , Zadhoush Ali 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Shape-memory materials are a promising new class of smart materials with many applications such as strain sensors, artificial muscles, and smart breathing textiles. These materials are subjected to force and extension in situ. Thus, the time-dependent behavior of these materials can play an important role in their long-term performance. The present study was conducted to investigate the time-dependent behavior of a type of shape-memory fabric. Nanoclay-reinforced polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane was used as the precursor. The yarn that was produced was highly twisted. The twisted yarn was then shaped into a coiled structure by mandrel annealing. This yarn was then used to produce knitted fabric. The fabric was examined under both cold (25 °C) and hot (50 °C) conditions. The fabric contracted in hot water in the course direction but did not show a significant contraction in the wale direction. It returned to its original width in cold water. This effect was observed repeatedly over several cycles. This shows that the knitted fabric composed of the precursor twisted-coiled yarn exhibited low-temperature actuation and reversible two-way shape-memory behavior. A value of %16 was calculated for the contraction stroke along the course direction. The stress relaxation behavior of the two-way shape-memory fabric was then studied and analyzed. For this purpose, four different viscoelastic models were considered: the standard linear model (a), Burgers model (b), Jeffrey model (c), and Kelvin-Voigt-Maxwell model (d). We used the curve fitting procedure to find the best fit to the experimental data based on the least-squares method. The results showed that the Kelvin-Voigt-Maxwell model (model d) exhibited a higher and more acceptable regression coefficient (R
2) than the other three models. The Jeffrey model showed the lowest regression coefficient (R
2), thus confirming that it is not suitable for explaining the relaxation behavior of the fabric. However, a limitation of Model (d) is that it is not in line with the experimental loading stage. To modify the model, we propose the replacement of the dashpot with a dynamic frictional element. The results indicate that the proposed dynamic friction model can eliminate the limitations of the dashpot body during the loading stage.
Tetragonal Mexican-hat dispersion and switchable half-metal state with multiple anisotropic Weyl fermions in penta-graphene
Authors: Jia Ningning , Shi Yongting , Lv Zhiheng , Qin Junting , Cai Jiangtao , Jiang Xue , Zhao Jijun , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to the paired valence electrons configuration, all known two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes are intrinsically nonmagnetic. Based on the reported 2D carbon structure database and first-principles calculations, herein we demonstrate that inherent ferromagnetism can be obtained in the prominent allotrope, penta-graphene, which has a unique Mexican-hat valence band edge, giving rise to van Hove singularities and electronic instability. Induced by modest hole-doping that is achievable in electrolyte gate, the semiconducting penta-graphene can be transformed into different ferromagnetic half-metals with room-temperature stability and switchable spin directions. In particular, multiple anisotropic Weyl states, including type-I and type-II Weyl cones and hybrid quasi Weyl nodal loop, can be found in a sizable energy window of spin-down half-metal under proper strains. These findings not only identify a promising carbon allotrope to obtain the inherent magnetism for carbon-based spintronic devices, but highlight the possibility to realize different Weyl states by combining the electronic and mechanical means as well.
Heat current in non-Markovian open systems
Authors: Chen Ruofan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We generalize time-evolving matrix product operators method to nonequilibrium quantum transport problems. The nonequilibrium current is obtained via numerical differentiation of the generating functional which is represented as a tensor network. The approach is numerically exact and the non-Markovian effects are fully taken into account. In the transport process, a part of the heat that flows out from a bath flows into the system and other baths, and the rest is stored in the system-bath coupling part. We take the spin-boson model as a demonstration to show the details of this heat flowing and the establishment of a steady current between two baths.