bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin Synthesis in the Lungs and Caudal Mediastinal Lymph Node of Sheep
Authors: Gorin Arnold Bernard , Gould John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ratio of the lymph and plasma concentrations of a protein is inversely proportional to the log of its m.w., unless the molecule is locally secreted. To determine the quantity of immunoglobulin synthesized in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes, we measured immunoglobulin levels in the plasma and lung lymph of 15 adult sheep.
The caudal mediastinal lymph node (CMLN) receives afferents from both lungs, but not from the major bronchi or trachea. We cannulated the CMLN efferent duct at least 3 days before sample collection. We obtained simultaneous plasma and lung lymph samples under baseline conditions (presence of a normal pulmonary capillary permeability to albumin and lymph flow of 4 to 6 ml/hr). Concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM in all samples were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Concentrations of albumin, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen were measured chemically.
Our results yielded plasma levels of IgA (0.34 mg/ml), IgG (22.89 mg/ml), and IgM (3.70 mg/ml) in the normal range for sheep. The concentration of the measured proteins in lymph was that predicted by diffusion from plasma, except for IgA and IgM. The lymph/plasma concentration ratios for IgA (1.46) and IgM (0.41) were greater than predicted for a diffusion model by factors of 3 and 2, respectively. From our data we conclude that &gt;56 mg of IgA and &gt;128 mg of IgM are synthesized in the lower respiratory tract or CMLN and returned to the circulating immunoglobulin pool each 24 hr. This represents 10 to 15% of the total daily synthesis of both these classes. We found no evidence of IgG secretion in the distal lung under baseline conditions.
Ontogeny of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Positive Cells in Lymphohemopoletic Tissues of Rat and Mouse
Authors: Gregoire Kathleen E. , Goldschneider Irving , Barton Randall W. , Bollum F. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ontogeny of hemopoietic cells which contain the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was studied in rats and mice. During fetal life, TdT-positive cells were first detected in the thymus, where they appeared on or about day 17 of gestation. TdT-positive cells were not found in fetal liver, spleen, or bone marrow, but appeared in bone marrow and spleen on the day after birth. In the rat, peak levels of TdT-positive cells were attained at 3 to 4 weeks of age in thymus, bone marrow, and spleen, accounting for 67, 3.9, and 2.3% of nucleated cells, respectively. The percentages of TdT-positive cells in thymus and bone marrow decreased gradually thereafter, whereas TdT-positive cells in spleen were no longer detectable by 7 weeks of age. Normal percentages of TdT-positive cells were found in bone marrow and spleen from neonatally thymectomized rats and congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a marked decrease in TdT-positive cells. The results are discussed with respect to the putative role of TdT-positive hemopoietic cells as thymocyte progenitors.
Studies on the Kinetics of Hemopoietic Stem Cells and Immune Responses to the Hapten-Carrier Conjugate
Authors: Hamano Teruaki , Kai Shunro , Fujita Shigeru , Nagai Kiyoyasu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The correlation between the kinetics of hemopoietic stem cells and immune responses to the hapten-carrier conjugate was investigated. The numbers of both pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S) and myeloid stem cells (CFU-C) in the spleen from mice immunized with the hapten-carrier conjugate were significantly greater than those of the control and the activity of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in the serum of these mice was markedly elevated. The supernatant of short-term incubation of splenic T lymphocytes from these mice, when stimulated with carrier protein, had high levels of both activities of CSF and helper T cell factors. The study by gel chromatography showed that these factors are similar m.w. substances of 35,000 to 45,000 daltons. But analysis by ion-exchange chromatography demonstrated that they do not have identical biochemical properties. The present studies suggest that biologically active factors produced by T cells stimulated with carrier protein may induce the enhancing effect on the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells and immune responses to the hapten-carrier conjugate.
Adherence of Recirculating T and B Lymphocytes to High Endothelium of Lymph Nodes in Vitro
Authors: Kuttner Barry J. , Woodruff Judith J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymph nodes of murine animals contain segments of venules lined by high endothelial cells and it is specifically through such vessels that lymphocytes migrate from the blood into this tissue (1). Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that lymphocytes obtained from thoracic duct lymph, lymph nodes, and spleen are capable of adhering selectively to high endothelial cell venules (HEV)3 when the cells are deposited over glutaraldehyde-fixed frozen sections of syngeneic lymph nodes (2). The results suggest that surface membranes of recirculating lymphocytes possess recognition structures that mediate interaction with HEV.
Recirculating lymphocytes are a mixture of T and B cells and both populations are known to enter the nodes by crossing HEV (3–5). However, T cell recirculation from blood to lymph occurs more rapidly than that of B cells (3, 6). The basis for the difference in tempo of recirculation is not known but one possibility is that these populations differ with respect to their affinity for HEV (3).
Ir Gene Defects May Reflect a Regulatory Imbalance
Authors: Araneo Barbara A. , Yowell Robert L. , Sercarz Eli E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A singular responsiveness to HEL was revealed in a peripheral lymphoid compartment of the genetically nonresponsive H-2b mouse. Although i.p. injection of HEL induces suppression and a lack of anti-HEL production, following footpad injection there is an early emergence in the popliteal lymph node (P-LN) of HEL-specific helper activity and plaque-forming cells. Furthermore, the early P-LN transiently expresses one of two T cell types needed for initiation of suppression. Delayed recruitment of the second required cell-type permits the induction of efficient suppression. There is only a short period during which there is concurrent representation of the two T cell subpopulations, and by mixing early and late deficient P-LN T cells, suppression could be established. The general implication of these results is that although a vigorous helper cell potential may exist in a strain nonresponsive to a multideterminant antigen, it can be obscured by a regulatory cell imbalance that results in the manifestation of a generalized Ir gene “defect.”
Human T Cell Growth Factor
Authors: Alvarez José M. , Silva Augusto , de Landazuri Manuel O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have investigated the conditions for the production of a T cell growth factor (TCGF) capable of maintaining the long-term growth of normal human T cells and present in the supernatants of human-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. T cell lectins induced TCGF release with maximal production by using PHA (1%) and lower activity with Con A (60 µg/ml). TCGF activity was also detected in the supernatants of MLC reactions, but in a smaller amount than after lectin stimulation. Furthermore, the cells activated by the MHC differences to produce TCGF, seemed to be included into those stimulated by PHA, since supernatants from a MLC reaction carried out in the presence of PHA did not show higher TCGF activity than did a pool of supernatants from the same donors individually stimulated with PHA. TCGF release was possible in serum-free media with inhibition of its production at serum concentrations higher than 2%. The kinetics of TCGF release were highly dependent on the cellular concentration of the cultures with a peak of activity that occurred early (18 hr) in high density cultures and later (60 hr) in low density cultures. Afterward, there was a progressive fall in activity that did not seem to be due to the release of suppressive factors. We also observed significant individual differences in the production of TCGF that were closely related to the individual variability in PHA-induced DNA synthesis.
Activation of Complement by Schistosoma Mansoni Schistosomula: Killing of Parasites by the Alternative Pathway and Requirement of IgG for Classical Pathway Activation
Authors: Santoro Ferrucio , Lachmann Peter J. , Capron André , Capron Monique 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Living Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula incubated with normal chicken, guinea pig, human, and monkey sera were killed after 4 hr contact at 37°C. The following data indicate that this action is dependent on the activation of the alternative complement pathway (AP): a) the inactivity of RB, RD, and zymosan-treated serum against schistosomula; b) the partial activity of RD restored in FD; c) the full effect of the C4-deficient guinea pig, C2-deficient human, and the agammaglobulinemic human sera; d) the consumption of both the AP and FB after the incubation of NHS with schistosomula; e) the detection of C3d breakdown product during the contact of the C2-deficient human serum with these young parasites.
Killing by serum was decreased as the immature schistosomes developed and was completely absent against 4-day-old lung schistosomula (LS). In other experiments, it was demonstrated that schistosomula, in the presence of IgG, were able to initiate complement activation also through the classical pathway (CP). However, the CP does not appear to play a role in the schistosomulicidal activity of complement. The in vivo relevance of these observations is considered.
Subfractionation of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes on the Basis of their Surface Properties by Partitioning in Two-Polymer Aqueous Phase Systems
Authors: Walter Harry , Webber Timothy J. , Michalski Joseph P. , McCombs Candace C. , Moncla Bernard J. , Krob Eugene J. , Graham Linda L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Partitioning of cells in dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous-aqueous two-phase systems is a sensitive method for separating cells and for obtaining information on their surface properties. Highly purified lymphocytes were obtained by velocity sedimentation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fractionated by countercurrent distribution (CCD, a multiple-step extraction procedure) in a charged two-polymer aqueous phase system. The lymphocytes remained viable after separation (order of 90%) and the E-rosetting cells responded (after adding back monocytes) to mitogens (PHA, Con A, PWM). Not only was the total lymphocyte population found to be highly heterogeneous (as evidenced by a broad and skewed distribution curve), but we were able to show that cells that rosetted with E, or had complement or Fc receptors were composed of additional subpopulations as well. The bulk of complement-receptor-bearing cells had the lowest partition coefficient (K), E-rosetting cells an intermediate K, and Fcreceptor-containing cells the highest K. The largest lymphocytes were among the subpopulation having the highest K and neither responded to T cell mitogens nor rosetted with E.
Our results thus demonstrate that human peripheral blood lymphocytes can be subfractionated by CCD. The fractions are differentially enriched with lymphocyte subpopulations having characteristic surface markers and functional abilities.
In Vitro Heterologous Cytotoxicity by T Effector Cells from Mice Immunized with Sindbis Virus
Authors: Peck Richard , Brown Arthur , Wust Carl J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro correlate of cell-mediated cross-protection among α-viruses was demonstrated by cytotoxicity of Sindbis-immune spleen cells from mice to both Sindbis and Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-infected target cells. This cytotoxicity was shown to be mediated by the T cell population of the spleen and was independent of the presence of macrophages or B cells. The time when the level of the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) to SFV-infected cells was maximal coincides with the time when immunity to SFV is maximal in vivo, as reported previously, and when adoptive immunity to SFV can be transferred.
After one i.p. injection of Sindbis virus, the level of homologous LMC was higher than the level of heterologous LMC. However, following a second injection of Sindbis virus as immunogen, at a time when the mice are cross-protected to SFV, the heterologous LMC was considerably higher than homologous LMC. We propose that there is suppression of the effector T cells specific for Sindbis-infected cells after the second immunizing injection, probably by homologous antibody. In contrast, there appears to be an anamnestic cell-mediated response to SFV.
Presence of T Cell-Associated Surface Antigens on Murine NK Cells
Authors: Pollack Sylvia B. , Tam Milton R. , Nowinski Robert C. , Emmons Sandra L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expression of T cell-associated surface antigens on natural killer (NK) spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice was evaluated by cytotoxic depletion experiments with alloantisera prepared against the Thy 1, Ly 1, Ly 2, Ly 5, Ly 6, and NK 1 antigens. The NK activity of these nonimmunized spleen cells for YAC-1 leukemia cells was dramatically reduced by antisera to the Ly 5 and NK 1 antigens. Variable results were obtained with anti-Ly 6 sera—certain pools of this antiserum decreased the NK activity, whereas other pools showed only negligible effects. The NK activity of the same cell suspensions was not affected by antisera to the Thy 1, Ly 1, and Ly 2 antigens. In parallel tests the T cell-associated cell surface antigens of alloimmune T killer cells were similarly evaluated by cytotoxic depletion experiments. In this case, the activity of these cells was consistently diminished by antisera to the Thy 1, Ly 2, Ly 5, and Ly 6 antigens, but not by antisera to the Ly 1 and NK 1 antigens. On this basis it was concluded that the NK cells expressed a restricted subset of T cell-associated alloantigens and therefore may have been derived from the T cell lineage of lymphocytes.
Studies on group A streptococcal M-proteins: purification of type 5 M-protein and comparison of its amino terminal sequence with two immunologically unrelated M-protein molecules.
Authors: Manjula B N , Fischetti V A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
M-protein was isolated from group A, type 5, streptococci by limited proteolysis with pepsin and purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex followed by gel filtration. The protein thus purified (Pep M5) was homogeneous by SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (apparent m.w.: 19,000), retained the capacity to remove opsonic antibodies from type 5 antiserum, and was capable of eliciting opsonic antibodies in rabbits. Its amino acid composition was very similar to that reported for M-proteins from other streptococcal types. The sequence of the first 29 amino terminal residues of Pep M5 was determined and compared with the reported amino terminal sequences of two immunologically unrelated M-proteins, namely, Pep M6 and Pep M24. The results revealed that, although the amino terminal sequences fo these three proteins differed from each other, some amino acid residues appeared to be conserved, suggesting a certain degree of structural relatedness among these M molecules. The possibility that this feature forms the molecular basis for the common antiphagocytic behavior of immunologically unrelated M-proteins is discussed.
A PMN-derived factor that enhances DNA-synthesis in PHA or antigen-stimulated lymphocytes.
Authors: Yoshinaga M , Nishime K , Nakamura S , Goto F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The DNA synthesis potentiation of a mouse polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) factor was studied by using phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated syngeneic thymocytes. The partially purified PMN factor was nonmitogenic and exhibited maximum potentiation of thymocytes when added within 3 hr of PHA stimulation. PHA-stimulated, but not nonstimulated thymocytes absorbed PMN potentiation factor. 125I-labeled factor binding to stimulated thymocytes was observed. Our results suggest that an acceptor site for PMN factor may be generated on the thymocyte surface only after PHA stimulation.
Ability of NZW but not NZB antigen-presenting cells to support T cell proliferative response to DNA methylated albumin.
Authors: Papoian R , Talal N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetic contribution of the parental NZB and NZW mouse to the antigen-induced, macrophage-dependent, lymph node T cell proliferative response to d-DNA-mBSA was studied in F1 hybrid NZB/NZW (B/W) mice. Mice were immunized subcutaneously in the tail with denatured DNA-methylated BSA. Primed T cells from these mice were obtained after passage of immune periaortic and inguinal lymph node cells through nylon wool. The primed T cells were exposed in vitro to d-DNA-mBSA presented on spleen cells from BALB/c, DBA/2, NZB, NZW, or B/W mice. Immune B/W T cells gave a substantial proliferative response only in the presence of antigen-presenting cells from B/W or NZW mice. These results suggest that the response of B/W mice to DNA occurs primarily through the NZW H-2 haplotype of their own antigen-presenting cells.
Analysis and enrichment of murine natural killer cells with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter.
Authors: Tam M R , Emmons S L , Pollack S B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antiserum anti-NK 1.1 defines an alloantigen specific for natural killer (NK) cells on normal C57BL/6 spleen cells (SC). With complement this antiserum lysed an insignificant percentage of SC, yet could deplete SC suspensions of NK effector cells. The antiserum was also used in this study to indirectly fluorescein label NK cells. The anti-NK 1.1 serum labeled 10 to 15% of nonadherent, nylon column passed SC. The labeled cells were analyzed on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), by using flow fluorometry, and were found to be small to medium-sized cells. SC were sorted on the FACS into labeled (NK-1+) and unlabeled (NK-1-) populations, and assayed for NK activity on YAC-1 cells. When compared with control SC, labeled NK-1+ cells were enriched 4- to 13-fold in lytic activity, whereas unlabeled NK-1- cells had little if any NK effector function. Thirty to 60% of the labeled SC adhered to YAC-1 tumor cells in a visual target binding cell assay. The percentage of lymphocytes in the sorted NK-1+ population that bound YAC-1 cells was over 3-fold greater than in unsorted control SC preparations. NK-1- sorted cells did not bind YAC-1 targets. In a preliminary experiment NK-1+ sorted SC inhibited outgrowth of YAC in A/J mice, whereas NK-1- sorted cells did not.
Virus-induced immune complex disease: specific anti-viral antibody and C1q binding material in the circulation during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.
Authors: Oldstone M B , Buchmeier M J , Doyle M V , Tishon A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice of several strains persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) mount continuous anti-LCMV immune responses leading to the formation and tissue deposition of immune complexes. Such mice carry infectious virus-immunoglobulin (presumably anti-LCMV antibody) complexes in the circulation. We have now determined that anti-LCMV antibody both complexed and free is found in the circulation of mice persistently infected with LCMV. This antibody reacts specifically against the three main LCMV structural polypeptides: nucleoprotein, 63,000 m.w. and two glycopeptides, GP-1 and GP-2 with m.w. of 45,000 and 35,000, respectively. A C1q binding assay was developed and found to be effective in measuring C1Q binding substances (presumably virus-anti-viral Ig complexes) in the circulations of several strains of mice persistently infected with LCMV. With different strains of mice, the levels, time of formation, and fate of C1q binding materials varied markedly. Formation of antibodies to LCMV was correlated with the detection of C1q binding materials. Mice (SWR/J) persistently infected with lactic dehydrogenase virus also form infectious virus-Ig in their sera but deposit minimal amounts of complexes in their tissues. In such mice, C1q binding substances did not form in the circulation.
Cellular requirements for generation of thymocyte stimulatory factor and characterization of its target cell.
Authors: Thoman M L , Weigle W O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cellular requirements for the generation of thymocyte stimulatory factor, TSF, were defined, and the target cell for its activity was in part characterized. TSF production, which is triggered by concanavalin A stimulation of murine spleen cells, requires both an Lyt 1+23- cell and an Ia+ non-T accessory cell. The Ia+ cell does not bear surface Ig, is not killed by treatment with antithymocyte sera and C, and is partially depleted by Sephaadex G-10 filtration. TSF-augmentation of the thymocyte mitogenic response to Con A requires Lyt 1+, Ia- thymocytes, which are present in both the cortisone-sensitive and resistant populations. The relationship between TSF and other activities produced by Con A activation of spleen cells is discussed.
The use of cellular immunoadsorbents to prepare antibody that distinguishes between syngeneic surface antigens on two guinea pig hepatocarcinomas.
Authors: Mathews H L , Brunda M J , Minden P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Xenogenic antibodies with reactivity for surface determinants of the guinea pig line-10 hepatocarcinoma were isolated by using cellular immunoadsorbents prepared by coupling formalin-treated line-10 cells to diethylaminoethyl cellulose. Antibodies prepared in this manner exhibited a high degree of reactivity for line-10 surface determinants. These antibodies also reacted with surface determinants of the syngeneic line-1 hepatocarcinoma. Further specificity of antibody reactivity to the line-10 hepatocarcinoma was accomplished by passage of the antibodies through cellular immunoadsorbents prepared with syngeneic line-1 hepatocarcinoma cells. By direct binding studies, these antibodies showed significantly reduced reactivity for line-1 cells and no reactivity for guinea pig spleen cells or for the unrelated murine EL-4 lymphoma. By a competitive radioimmunoassay, these antibodies reacted only with determinants expressed on the surfaces of line-10 cells and not on syngeneic line-1, L2C, spleen, thymus; or xenogeneic EL-4 cell surfaces. In a similar manner, line-10-associated antigens were detected in ascites fluid derived from line-10 tumor-bearing animals. The sequential use of immunoadsorbents made of antigenically distinct but syngeneic tumor cells made it possible to prepare antibodies with restricted reactivity for line-10-associated antigens and should be applicable to the isolation of "tumor-specific" antibodies in other systems.