bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF BICORPORAL PUMP FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS
Authors: Cummings Marcus , Hampton Kate , Locknar Megan , Anderson Eric , Vasudevanallar Harshini , Lin Julian , Morris Martin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the current design for shunt systems used to treat hydrocephalus, tissue from the brain ventricle can cause blockages that obstruct cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the proximal catheter. Previous work demonstrated that the reversing of flow through the proximal catheter can restore flow through a blocked catheter. Periodic backwash through the proximal catheter can prevent obstructions and maintain adequate drainage. This project aims to design a pump that can periodically reverse the flow of CSF to backwash the proximal catheter. To reduce the complexity of the implanted components, a simple diaphragm pump can be externally actuated. Actuation of the pump can be achieved using an electromagnet located outside of the body; a metal cap placed on the diaphragm can be magnetically manipulated to pump CSF and backwash the proximal catheter. Testing demonstrates the feasibility of this pump design with an achieved flow rate of 3.4 to 4 mL/min. This bicorporal pump used as part of a backwashing system may favorably change the shunt failure rate and provide a more robust treatment for hydrocephalus.
STETHAID: AN ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE CONNECTED TO IOS MOBILE APPS FOR AI-ASSISTED AUSCULTATION
Authors: Arjoune Youness , Salvador Tyler , Nguyen Trong N. , Telluri Anha , John Titus , Schroder Jonathan C. , Pillai Dinesh K. , Teach Stephen J. , Patel Shilpa J. , Doroshow Robin W. , Shekhar Raj 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Auscultation is a critical component of a cardiopulmonary examination; however, several studies have shown that many physicians lack proficiency in it. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented auscultation tools, physicians could improve their auscultation skills and provide accurate diagnoses, even approaching the expertise of seasoned clinicians. Although a few AI auscultation platforms have been created, none have been adopted widely in clinical settings. Our goal is to develop a comprehensive digital auscultation platform, termed StethAid, to supplement the value of auscultation.
StethAid is a comprehensive auscultation platform that comprises of an electronic stethoscope, mobile applications, and website portals. The StethAid stethoscope enables streaming and recording of heart and lungs sounds. It features 100 levels of sound amplification, digital filtering, active noise cancellation, and wireless connectivity. The StethAid stethoscope is similar to FDA-approved stethoscopes in its frequency response. Our mobile apps deliver various auscultation tools, as well as an AI suite and remote auscultation capabilities. The AI suite includes deep learning-based automated wheeze detection from auscultated lungs sounds. StethAid has been rigorously validated technically and clinically. StethAid could assist physicians in making more informed decisions, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
DESIGN OF A MECHANISM TO ASSIST THE STANDING UP AND SITTING DOWN OF A WHEELCHAIR USER
Authors: Jasso Verónica , Torres Felipe J. , Martínez Israel , Núñez Diego A. , Hernández Martha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper details the design of a mechanism to assist the wheelchair user during actions like standing up and sitting down. The original structural design of a commercial basic wheelchair has been retained, therefore, the proposed 3-bar mechanism to move only the seat through a linear actuator has been intended to match the dimensions and shaping of a commercial wheelchair. Moreover, the mechanism has been reasoned to be easy to manufacture and install, besides, this must support the weight to load. For this reason, the design is based on kinematic synthesis and results of simulations with SolidWorks showing a correct trajectory of motion and the required force by the actuator in relation to the available device.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A SYSTEM FOR CT-FREE VOLUME RECONSTRUCTION FROM INTRA-OPERATIVE FLUOROSCOPY FOR NAVIGATION IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Authors: Tatum Marcus , Thomas Geb W. , Anderson Donald D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A novel biomechanical guidance system (BGS) for markerless intra-operative bone tracking that seamlessly integrates into the surgical setting was recently developed [1]. It utilizes 3D models from pre-operative CT, via 3D-to-2D registration methods, to update object poses based on 2D fluoroscopic images. However, on occasion pre-operative CT images may be unavailable. We developed a CT-free method to enable BGS use that leverages neural radiance fields (NeRF) to generate a continuous volumetric scene [2,3] from intra-operative fluoroscopy. For proof of concept, digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) were created from pelvic CT data as a stand-in for intra-operative fluoroscopy. DRRs and virtual C-arm positions were fed into an existing NeRF scene reconstruction system,[2,3] and bones were segmented from the reconstruction. The accuracy of NeRF-derived segmentations was evaluated by comparison to gold-standard CT segmentation. The number of input DRRs was varied to study how this parameter influences reconstructions. Volume reconstructions were readily obtained using the NeRF scene reconstruction system. RMS errors of the NeRF-derived segmentations ranged from 1.23 mm when using 36 input DRR images to 1.98 mm when using only 8 input DRR images. Based on this performance, we conclude that CT-free NeRF volume reconstruction from intra-operative fluoroscopy holds great potential for use in surgical navigation applications involving bony procedures.
The unfolded protein response components IRE1α and XBP1 promote human coronavirus infection
Authors: Oda Jessica M. , den Hartigh Andreas B. , Jackson Shoen M. , Tronco Ana R. , Fink Susan L. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

The cellular processes that support human coronavirus replication and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe disease remain incompletely understood. Many viruses, including coronaviruses, cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during infection. IRE1α is a component of the cellular response to ER stress that initiates non-conventional splicing of
XBP1
mRNA. Spliced
XBP1
encodes a transcription factor that induces the expression of ER-related targets. Activation of the IRE1α–XBP1 pathway occurs in association with risk factors for severe human coronavirus infection. In this study, we found that the human coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 (human coronavirus OC43) and SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) both robustly activate the IRE1α–XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response in cultured cells. Using IRE1α nuclease inhibitors and genetic knockdown of IRE1α and XBP1, we found that these host factors are required for optimal replication of both viruses. Our data suggest that IRE1α supports infection downstream of initial viral attachment and entry. In addition, we found that ER stress–inducing conditions are sufficient to enhance human coronavirus replication. Furthermore, we found markedly increased XBP1 in circulation in human patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Together, these results demonstrate the importance of IRE1α and XBP1 for human coronavirus infection.

IMPORTANCE
There is a critical need to understand the cellular processes co-opted during human coronavirus replication, with an emphasis on identifying mechanisms underlying severe disease and potential therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that the host proteins IRE1α and XBP1 are required for robust infection by the human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43. IRE1α and XBP1 participate in the cellular response to ER stress and are activated during conditions that predispose to severe COVID-19. We found enhanced viral replication with exogenous IRE1α activation, and evidence that this pathway is activated in humans during severe COVID-19. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of IRE1α and XBP1 for human coronavirus infection.
Effects of blood pressure and tranexamic acid in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: a secondary analysis of a large randomised controlled trial
Authors: Appleton Jason Philip , Law Zhe Kang , Woodhouse Lisa Jane , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Beridze Maia , Christensen Hanne , Dineen Robert A , Guerrero Juan José Egea , England Timothy J , Karlinski Michal , Krishnan Kailash , Laska Ann Charlotte , Lyrer Philippe , Ozturk Serefnur , Roffe Christine , Roberts Ian , Robinson Thompson G , Scutt Polly , Werring David J , Bath Philip M , Sprigg Nikola 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundTranexamic acid reduced haematoma expansion and early death, but did not improve functional outcome in the tranexamic acid for hyperacute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage-2 (TICH-2) trial. In a predefined subgroup, there was a statistically significant interaction between prerandomisation baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the effect of tranexamic acid on functional outcome (p=0.019).MethodsTICH-2 was an international prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial evaluating intravenous tranexamic acid in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Prerandomisation baseline SBP was split into predefined ≤170 and >170 mm Hg groups. The primary outcome at day 90 was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), a measure of dependency, analysed using ordinal logistic regression. Haematoma expansion was defined as an increase in haematoma volume of >33% or >6 mL from baseline to 24 hours. Data are OR or common OR (cOR) with 95% CIs, with significance at p<0.05.ResultsOf 2325 participants in TICH-2, 1152 had baseline SBP≤170 mm Hg and were older, had larger lobar haematomas and were randomised later than 1173 with baseline SBP>170 mm Hg. Tranexamic acid was associated with a favourable shift in mRS at day 90 in those with baseline SBP≤170 mm Hg (cOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.91, p=0.005), but not in those with baseline SBP>170 mm Hg (cOR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.30, p=0.63). In those with baseline SBP≤170 mm Hg, tranexamic acid reduced haematoma expansion (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.82, p=0.001), but not in those with baseline SBP>170 mm Hg (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.35, p=0.90).ConclusionsTranexamic acid was associated with improved clinical and radiological outcomes in ICH patients with baseline SBP≤170 mm Hg. Further research is needed to establish whether certain subgroups may benefit from tranexamic acid in acute ICH.Trial registration numberISRCTN93732214.
Validation of diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and stroke in electronic medical records: a primary care cross-sectional study in Madrid, Spain (the e-MADVEVA Study)
Authors: de Burgos-Lunar Carmen , del Cura-Gonzalez Isabel , Cárdenas-Valladolid Juan , Gómez-Campelo Paloma , Abánades-Herranz Juan C , Lopez-de-Andres Ana , Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Iriarte-Campo Victor , Fuentes-Rodriguez Carmen Y , Gómez-Coronado Rafael , Salinero-Fort Miguel A 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo validate the diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke recorded in electronic medical records (EMR) and to estimate the population prevalence of both diseases in people aged ≥18 years.DesignCross-sectional validation study.Setting45 primary care centres.ParticipantsSimple random sampling of diagnoses of AMI and stroke (International Classification of Primary Care-2 codes K75 and K90, respectively) registered by 55 physicians and random age-matched and sex-matched sampling of the records that included in primary care EMRs in Madrid (Spain).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and overall agreement were calculated using the kappa statistic. Applied gold standards were ECGs, brain imaging studies, hospital discharge reports, cardiology reports and neurology reports. In the case of AMI, the ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Expert Consensus Document was also used. Secondary outcomes were the estimated prevalence of both diseases considering the sensitivity and specificity obtained (true prevalence).ResultsThe sensitivity of a diagnosis of AMI was 98.11% (95% CI, 96.29 to 99.03), and the specificity was 97.42% (95% CI, 95.44 to 98.55). The sensitivity of a diagnosis of stroke was 97.56% (95% CI, 95.56 to 98.68), and the specificity was 94.51% (95% CI, 91.96 to 96.28). No differences in the results were found after stratification by age and sex (both diseases). The prevalence of AMI and stroke was 1.38% and 1.27%, respectively.ConclusionThe validation results show that diagnoses of AMI and stroke in primary care EMRs constitute a helpful tool in epidemiological studies. The prevalence of AMI and stroke was lower than 2% in the population aged over 18 years.
Trend of risk and correlates of under-five child undernutrition in Bangladesh: an analysis based on Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data, 2007–2017/2018
Authors: Rahman Md Tahidur , Jahangir Alam Md , Ahmed Noyon , Roy Dulal Chandra , Sultana Papia 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to identify the trend of undernutrition risk among under-five children (U5C) in Bangladesh and the trend of its correlates.DesignMultiple cross-sectional data sets from different time points were used.SettingNationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) were conducted in 2007, 2011, 2014 and 2017/2018.ParticipantsIn the BDHSs, the sample sizes for ever-married women (age: 15–49 years) were 5300 in 2007, 7647 in 2011, 6965 in 2014 and 7902 in 2017/2018.OutcomesExtant indicators of undernutrition (stunted, wasted and underweight) have been considered as the outcome variables.Materials and methodsDescriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and factor loadings from factor analysis have been used to determine the prevalence of undernutrition over the years and find the trend of risk and its correlates.ResultsRisks of stunting among the U5C were 41.70%, 40.67%, 36.57% and 31.14%; that of wasting were 16.94%, 15.48%, 14.43% and 8.44%; and that of underweight were 39.79%, 35.80%, 32.45% and 22.46% in 2007, 2011, 2014 and 2017/2018, respectively. From the factor analysis, it has been found that the top five potential correlates of undernutrition are the wealth index, the education of the father and mother, the frequency of antenatal visits during pregnancy, the father’s occupation and/or the type of place of residence in the last four consecutive surveys.ConclusionThis study helps us gain a better understanding of the impact of the top correlates on child undernutrition. To accelerate the reduction of child undernutrition more by 2030, Government and non-government organisations should focus on improving education and household income-generating activities among poor households and raising awareness among women about the importance of receiving antenatal care during pregnancy.
Disease modification achievement in patients with lupus nephritis in a real-life setting: mission impossible?
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Alexandros , Kapsia Eleni , Michelakis Ioannis , Boletis John , Marinaki Smaragdi , Sfikakis Petros P , Tektonidou Maria G 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveA preliminary definition of disease modification (DM) in lupus nephritis (LN) was recently developed focusing on long-term remission and damage prevention, with minimal treatment-associated toxicity. We aimed to further specify aspects of DM criteria in LN, assess DM achievement in a real-world setting and examine potential DM predictors and long-term outcomes.MethodsWe collected clinical/laboratory and histological inception cohort data from biopsy-proven LN patients (82% females) with ≥72 months follow-up at two joint academic centres. Specific criteria for 24-hour proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), renal flares and glucocorticoids dose were set at three time frames (months 0–12, 13–60 and 72) to assess DM. In the first model, DM was achieved if patients fulfilled all four criteria at all three time frames (achievers). In the second model, the continued glucocorticoids reduction criterion was excluded. Logistic regression analyses were performed. Possible different trends in DM achievement between past and recent decades were also investigated.ResultsDM was achieved by 60% of patients, increased to 70% when glucocorticoids excluded from DM criteria. 24-hour proteinuria at 9 months predicted DM achievement (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.97, p=0.03), but none of baseline characteristics. Among patients with >72 month follow-up, non-achievers had worse renal outcomes (flares, >30% proteinuria increase, eGFR decline) than achievers at the end of follow-up (median 138 months). Patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 were found to have significantly lower percentages of DM achievement and met less often the glucocorticoids dose reduction criterion in all three time frames, compared with those diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 (p=0.006 and p<0.01, respectively).ConclusionsDM was achieved by only 60% of LN patients in a real-life setting, partly due to lack of glucocorticoids dose target attainment, while DM failure was associated with worse long-term renal outcomes. This may imply limitations in the effectiveness or implementation of current LN treatments, supporting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
Baseline composition, quantity, and condition of bycatch in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence spring and summer American lobster fisheries
Authors: Boudreau Stephanie A. , Hanley Patricia H. 
Published: June 2023

The impact of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence American lobster ( Homarus americanus) fishery on species bycatch is currently unknown. The composition of the incidental catch, both nonharvestable lobster (by fisheries regulations) and nonlobster species, was systematically collected over the 2015 spring and summer fishing seasons. A total of 51 948 (7147 were nonlobster taxa) individual organisms weighing 13 987.60 kg (1223.91 kg of nonlobster taxa) were captured as bycatch during 73 fishing trips. By weight per trip, the most common lobster bycatch were undersized male and females, and the highest nonlobster species catch were Atlantic rock crab ( Cancer irroratus). A semiquantitative assessment of injury and vitality was applied to bycatch as a proxy for discard mortality. The majority of the individuals assessed for visible injury were deemed uninjured (98% both fish and invertebrates); however, postrelease mortality was not measured. A smaller study in 2019 corroborated the 2015 catches and supported current assumptions that the passive gear type, the low diversity of bycatch, and the rapid hand-sorting of the trap minimize the impact of the lobster fishery on incidentally captured taxa. Further scientific monitoring is recommended to better account for all sources of mortality in stock assessments and rebuilding plans.
Study of SRCs in neutron-rich nuclei with inverse kinematics measurements
Authors: Kahlbow Julian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExperiments in inverse kinematics are a novel approach to study short-range correlations in atomic nuclei. Such fully exclusive experiments offer unique advantages over normal kinematics as they allow to study the structure of short-lived radioactive-nuclei using quasi-free scattering reactions and measure the complete final state directly. In pilot experiments at JINR using a $$^{12}$$

12

C beam at 4 GeV/c/nucleon on a proton target, we show that challenges posed by final-state interactions can be overcome taking advantage of post-selection. This opens a new research path to study the dynamics of high-momentum nucleons in extremely asymmetric nuclei.
Development of Bethe–Salpeter theory for dealing with unstable system
Authors: Chen Xiaozhao , Lü Xiaofu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the framework of relativistic quantum field theory, the solution of homogeneous Bethe–Salpeter equation for two-body bound state can not describe unstable system, so we develop Bethe–Salpeter theory to investigate resonance which is regarded as an unstable two-body system. Based on Bethe–Salpeter wave function, we consider the time evolution of two-body bound state determined by the total Hamiltonian. The total matrix element for arbitrary decay channel is expressed in terms of the Heisenberg picture, and Mandelstam’s approach is generalized to calculate the matrix element between bound states with respect to arbitrary value of the final state energy. Some innovations to Feynman diagram are made so that the key features of dispersion relation can be more clearly exhibited. This new resonance theory in quantum field theory is applied to investigate exotic particle which is considered as an unstable meson–meson molecular state.
General Features of MCSs with the Organization of Multiple Parallel Rainbands in China
Authors: Wang Peiyu , Meng Zhiyong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Multiple parallel rainbands (MPRBs) involve the organization of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) characterized by multiple parallel convective rainbands, which may produce high rainfall accumulation. A total of 178 MPRBs were identified from 2016 to 2020 in China, which were classified into the initiation type (∼40%), where rainbands initiate individually, and differentiation type (∼60%), where rainbands form through the splitting of large rainbands or merging of smaller cells. Results showed that the occurrence frequency of MPRBs peaks in July with a midnight major peak and a morning minor peak. The highest occurrence frequency is observed in the northern Beibu Gulf and its coastal areas, with minor high frequencies in Guangdong, northern Jiangxi, and southern Shandong provinces, typically in a southwesterly low-level jet to the west of the subtropical high. MPRBs mainly contain 3–4 rainbands with a spacing distance of 30–50 km and an orientation generally consistent with the direction of 850-hPa winds and 0–1-km vertical wind shear. MPRBs generally move slower than that of squall lines in East China ranging from 4 to 8 m s−1 with 16% being quasi-stationary, which is mainly due to the occurrence of band back building mainly associated with cold pool. Most MPRBs have training effects with band training as the dominant mode. Because of the band training effect and slower movement of MPRBs mainly due to band back building, 71% of MPRBs are associated with enhanced maximum hourly rainfall. Rainfall severity may be alleviated somewhat by the generally short duration of MPRBs with 78% being shorter than 2 h.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to document the general features of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) with a specific organization of multiple parallel rainbands (MPRBs). MCSs with this unique organization tend to produce extremely heavy rainfall partly due to the training of multiple rainbands as well as their slow movement because of back building. The organization pattern of MPRBs was previously found in a case study. The possible formation mechanism was also previously examined based on case studies. As a complement to these studies, this work aims to reveal the temporal and spatial distributions, movement and duration, morphology, precipitation patterns, and environmental features of MPRBs in China based on statistics using 5-yr radar reflectivity data.