bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending Nonstandard Finite Difference Scheme for the SEIR Epidemic Model
Authors: Shagdar Enkh-Amar , Balt Batgerel 
Published: March 2023

When constructing a non-standard difference scheme for the differential equations, denominator of the discrete derivative is chosen as the functions depending on step-sizes on the computational grid or lattice. In other existing non-standard finite difference methods for SEIR epidemic model, those denominator functions have the same. The new scheme discussed in this article is characterized by the fact that the corresponding derivatives of the system of ordinary differential equations are replaced by different denominator functions depending on each equation. The proposed method has important property that conversation law. By numerical comparisons are confirmed that the accuracy of new method is better than that of standard and non-standard finite difference schemes(Mickens-type NSFD schemes with the same denominator functions).
Халдвар Тархалтын SEIR Загварыг Тооцоолох Стандарт Бус Ялгаварт Схем
Хураангуй: Дифференциал тэгшитгэлийг тооцоолох стандарт бус ялгаварт схемийг байгуулахдаа уламжлалыг илэрхийлэх ялгаварт харьцааны хуваарийг тоон торны алхамаас хамаарсан функц хэлбэрээр сонгон авдаг. Одоо ашиглагдаж буй халдвар тархалтын загваруудыг тооцоолох стандарт бус ялгаварт схемүүд нь ижил хуваарьтай байна. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд авч үзэж буй стандарт бус ялгаварт схем нь дифференциал тэгшитгэлүүдийн системийн уламжлалуудыг тэгшитгэл бүрээс нь хамааруулж өөр өөр хуваарьтай ялгаварт харьцаагаар сольж байгуулж байгаагаараа онцлог юм. Шинэ схемийн хувьд системийн хадгалагдах хууль биелэж байгааг батлав. Тоон туршилтыг стандарт схем болон стандарт бус ижил хуваарьтай ялгаварт схемтэй харьцуулахад шинэ схем илүү сайн ажиллаж байгааг харуулав.
Түлхүүр үгс: Матрицын экспоненциал, Хадгалагдах хууль
Identification of the degradation of birch forests habitats by lichen species
Authors: Enkhtuya Ochirbat , Jaavkhlan Samya 
Published: March 2023

A study was conducted to determine the degradation of birch forest habitats by epiphytic lichens. As a result of research in the birch forest at the station Shatan somone Batsumbera of the Central aimag, 17 species of epiphytic lichens from 4 families and 13 genera were registered. The forest point was chosen as an example of a site with a change of primary vegetation type of larch forests from the forest of the steppe area of West Kentei. In terms of the number and diversity of species in point-of-forest studies, the number of species at the edge of the forest has decreased relative to the depth of the forest. In terms of species cover, 75% of the total species cover is Melanelia olivacea (45.8%), Physcia aipolia (18.2) and Evernia mesomorpha (11.5). At the same time we noted that the number of species and their diversity depends on the diameter of the tree trunk and the number of stumps, fallen and rotten trees.
To determine the factors influencing species richness and distribution, a comparison was made between the number of stumps (large amounts of wood harvested in the forest) and the amount of manure residues (used for grazing) in the forest habitat. As a result, it has been established that the most important factor is the manifestation of the «edge effect» in the forest as a human factor. Thus, the decline in lichen species due to the loss of habitat diversity in birch forests indicates а increase in the degradation of birch forest habitats.
Хусан ойн амьдрах орчны доройтлыг хагийн төрөл зүйлээр илэрхийлэх асуудалд(Төв аймаг, Батсүмбэр сум, Шатан өртөө, Өвгөнт уулын ойн жишээн дээр)
Хураангуй: Хусан ойн амьдрах орчны доройтлыг хагийн төрөл зүйлээр тогтоох судалгааг явууллаа. Баруун Хэнтийн тайгархаг шинэсэн ойн ургамалжлын үндсэн хэв шинжид нь өөрчлөлт орсон газар нутгаар сонгосон Төв аймгийн Батсүмбэр сумын Шатан өртөөний Өвгөнт уулын хусан ойд 3 баг, 4 овог, 13 төрлийн 17 зүйл эпифит хаг бүртгэв. Тус ой хагийн зүйлийн тоон болон олон янз байдлын хувьд ойн захад ойн гүнээсээ багасаж, бүрхцийн хувьд нийт зүйлийн бүрхцийн 75%-ийг Melanelia olivacea (45.8%), Physcia aipolia (18.2), Evernia mesomorpha (11.5) гэх цөөн зүйл бүрдүүлсэн онцлогтой. Зүйлийн тоо, тэдгээрийн олон янз байдал модны ишний диаметрын хэмжээ, унанги болон өмх моддын тоон өсөлтөөс хамаарч байна. Зүйлийн баялаг, тэдгээрийн тархцад нөлөөлөх хүчин нөлөөг ойн амьдрах орчинд тохиолдох өсвөр моддын болон хожуул (ойгоос их хэмжээний түлшний мод бэлтгэсэн)-ын тооноос гадна аргал хомоол (малын бэлчээрт өртөгдсөн)-ын тохиолдцын тоон харьцуулалтаас үзэхэд “захын эффект” нөлөө хамгийн чухал хүчин зүйл болж буйг тогтоолоо. Ийм нөлөөнд автагдаж буй хусан ойн ургах субстратын олон янз байдал хомсдох шалтгааны улмаас хагийн төрөл зүйлийн бууралт нь ойн амьдрах орчин доройтож буйг илэрхийлж байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: хагийн зүйлийн тоо, хусан ой, шинэсэн ой, экотоп, биотоп
New Progress in the Study of Quark Mass Unlock the Secrets of Strong Force
Authors: Liu Yun , Liu Zhe , Liu Ziyi 
Published: March 2023

The unification of the four forces is the ultimate goal of physics. At present, humans have not really unified the power and the strong force, and the source of the strong force remains a mystery. In 2018, Liu Yun proposed a new formula to accurately calculate the static mass of particles. Later, Liu Ziyi assumed that the particle was composed of three charges with integer 1, and believed that the particle's high rate spin produced the strong force. According to Coulomb's law and relativity, he deduced the formula for the strong force coefficient between particles and Λc(2287), and found that the strong force decreases with the increase of the distance and finally tends to a constant. By substituting the force value into Liu Yun's static mass formula, the mass spectrum obtained is in good agreement with that of J/ψ particles. After they have the same method, found that positive and negative Λb(5500) accidentally Υ particle particle mass spectra and the experimental mass spectrum highly accord with more, more surprisingly, almost coincide with triplet experimental data. These highly consistent simulations show that the strong force comes from the rapid rotation of the charges inside the particles, and strongly suggest that the so-called quarks are ordinary particles that already exist, making the catalytic development of nuclear energy possible.
Equivalent value of non-uniform temperature field for thermocouple measurement
Authors: Yue Lingling , Huang Qinghuang , Li Luqiang , Wang Peiyong 
Published: March 2023

The incoming flow is assumed to have a uniform temperature profile when the energy balance of a thermocouple bead is analyzed for the purpose of measurement corrections, which is hardly true in real applications. The incoming temperature is normally non-uniform and the temperature of the flow closer to the bead has a stronger influence on the bead temperature. Considering this, for the first time, a Gaussian probability density function is established to generate an equivalent temperature of the non-uniform temperature field, which can be used in the corrections. With the one-dimensional thermocouple heat transfer program, the bead temperatures are calculated with five non-uniform temperature profiles and compared with the bead temperatures with the uniform temperatures to find the variance correlation of the Gaussian function. The variance is correlated to the Nusselt number and the wire diameter and the bead diameter of the thermocouple. Many cases with different thermocouple sizes, velocities and temperature ranges and widths of the power function profile are simulated. For all the tested cases, the bead temperature differences between the real profiles and the equivalent profiles are less than 27K, demonstrating the good accuracy of the current method.
Monitoring and Numerical Simulation of Differential Settlement of Widened Roads
Authors: Shen Qihua , Hu Jianhan , Zhang Xiaochun 
Published: March 2023

As the modulus difference exists, road widening is often susceptible to longitudinal cracks at the intersection of the old and new roads, affecting the life of the road and the safety of traffic. For monitoring the differential settlement of the widened road and the creep process of the lower soft soil, a monitoring program is designed and a finite element model is established to figure out the changes in the settlement and earth pressure. Based on the monitoring and numerical simulation, it can be obtained that the settlement difference is comparatively small under 12m mixing pile treatment and the lower soft soil has obvious creep law, which provides a specific case for the usage state of widening road and creep law of soft soil.
Exploring Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis in Bangladesh: The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Raihan Asif 
Published: March 2023

Bangladesh receives the second-most foreign direct investment in South Asia. Over the past 30 years, Bangladesh's economy has expanded tremendously because of increased investment from several foreign countries. Although it can be beneficial in certain ways including the generation of new jobs, the improvement of infrastructure, and the equalization of economic rewards across the population; foreign direct investment has unintended consequences, such as ecological damage. In light of this, it is worth exploring the effects of foreign direct investment on sustainable development in Bangladesh. Using the most up-to-date annual data between 1990 and 2019, this study investigated the evidence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in Bangladesh. To assess the effects of economic growth, foreign direct investment, energy use, and trade on carbon dioxide emissions, this research employed the autoregressive distributed lag method. The empirical results indicated that the country has an inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve and the adverse impact of foreign direct investment on the environment confirmed the validity of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in Bangladesh. The results paint a bleak picture, sounding an alarm for policymakers to pay closer attention to the ways in which development leads to increased carbon emissions and how multinational companies operating within the country worsen the situation. That's why it's important to subject foreign investors to stringent environmental regulations. In addition, the nation's economic expansion should be guided by sustainable development goals.
The Role Of Fine Arts In The Promotion Of Urdu Literature
Authors: Mustansar Hussain Jami  , Dr. Mehmood Ul Hassan  
Published: March 2023

The fine arts have great power to convey messages on the other hand literature have not as literature have some issues. One of the problems with literature is that it is very vital to be well-versed to understand its mysteries, while in music, painting, theater, tv and expositions drama, and film, it is not mandatory. Sometimes an individual remembers numerous poems and stanzas of a song even though he does not know their connotation nor can execute reading or jotting down them. This is the power of music. In the same way, the charm of painting, there will hardly be a person who does not like and admire colors. if literature and colors are exemplified together, any induvial in the world will navigate its meaning. Multitudes who are not fond of poetry but or fond of painting or art work can easily understand poetry through such books or portrayals that lived smudged with vocals. The coalition with literature and painting is very obsolete. Allama Muhammad Iqbal was also well aware of the prestige of this bond. In the West, Dante Alighieri and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, books have already been published Graphics Editions. All of these assertions prove that literature does not have the same everlasting affect unless or until fine arts become part and parcel of literature as well.
Determining Relationships Strategic Human Resources Management Practices And Employee Commitment
Authors: Pratama Septian Hadi , Junanto Try , Suminar Ai , Milani Isha 
Published: March 2023

Relationship management is a strategy in which an organization maintains an ongoing level of engagement with its audience.Due to high involvement of human resource management (HRM), it has been a challenge for the organization to manage the external turbulence like war or government policy changes.Employee commitment is considered a key factor in achieving organizational goals.Employee commitment is one of the indicators of success in implementing strategic human resource management practices. In addition, organizational commitment is also stated as an antecedent of various indicators of organizational success.The main purpose of the article is to investigate the relationship between strategic HRM (SHRM) practices and employee commitment (EC) The paper is prepared using a literature review method sourced from textbooks and articles containing both concepts and empirical results. Articles obtained from sciencedirect, MDPI and googlescholar. The results are presented in narrative form. The results of this study are in determining the relationship between strategic human resource management practices and employee commitment has a direct impact on employee commitment. Employee commitment also serves to mediate the relationship between important human resource management practices and various indicators of organizational success, including those related to human resource development and sustainable competitive advantage.
Analysis Of Impact The Human Resource Management On Entrepreneur Organizations
Authors: Pratama Septian Hadi , Junanto Try , Suminar Ai , Milani Isha 
Published: March 2023

The human resources aspect is one of the most needed parts and also includes the needs of the community where with this human resource base a little as much as being able to develop aspects of one's own skills and potential and carry out performance processes in a business environment. Related to this, this literature review discusses human resources applied in the business sector and human resource behavior applied in organizations. This aspect of human resources is a little bit as it has begun to be applied and accepted in various industries, just like other performances. Therefore, in this literature review, it will raise aspects of human resources used in the field of business organization. This study uses a form of literature study research by applying several journals that discuss human resources in an organization, based on journal searches through several journal search sites. These journals were selected using the keyword criteria available in this study. Then, after the selection of criteria is completed. So next, it will use drawing conclusions from various journals and strengthened by theories drawn from various references. In the results of the study, several conclusions were obtained, the results of which were as follows; (1) Human resource aspects have been widely used and utilized in organizational structures. This is because with human resources, it will improve the quality of performance in the organization; (2) the influence brought by human resources is also nothing but can affect the social aspects that exist in society and become an economic driver in the business sector. Thus, this aspect of human resources is very widely applied.
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Peredaran Obat Tradisional Berbahan Kimia Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Desi Anisah  , Pardiansyah Romli  , Muhammad Hairul  
Published: March 2023

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui peran dan tanggung jawab pemerintah dalam melindungi konsumen terhadap peredaran obat tradisional berbahan kimia, dan untuk mengetahui hambatan-hambatan dalam melindungi konsumen dari peredaran obat tradisional berbahan kimia. Bentuk penelitian yang digunakan adalah bentuk penelitian normatif, dimana penelitian ini menekankan pada penggunaan data sekunder atau berupa norma hukum tertulis, buku-buku pustaka, makalah, media internet dll. Bentuk-bentuk pelanggaran yang dilakukan pelaku usaha telah menimbulkan banyak kerugian yang diderita oleh konsumen, baik kerugian materil maupun immateril. Dengan demikian, pelaku usaha, baik produsen maupun distributor, seharusnya dapat melakukan kewajiban-kewajibannya yang harus ditaati dengan itikad baik dalam menjalankan usahanya. Hambatan dalam melindungi konsumen dari peredaran obat tradisional berbahan kimia yakni banyaknya industri kecil yang berskala besar yang belum terdaftar secara resmi di BPOM, pelaku usaha mengoplos jamu dengan mencampurkan bahan-bahan kimia yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan jika menggunakannya, pelaku usaha dengan sengaja menyembunyikan usaha nya dari masyarakat dan menjalani usaha nya dengan diam-diam serta adanya acuan yang tidak jelas dengan membuat label bertulis logo halal dalam setiap kemasan jamu.
Pengaruh Firm Size, Likuiditas, Profitabilitas Dan Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Perusahaan Efek Jasa Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2016-2020
Authors: Muhammad Adji Purnomo  , Emi Masyitah  
Published: March 2023

Earnings management is the manager's decision to choose certain accounting policies that are considered to be able to achieve the desired goals. This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, leverage, liquidity, and firm size on earnings management in manufacturing companies. The variables used in the test are profitability, leverage, liquidity, and firm size as independent variables, and earnings management as the dependent variable.
This research is a quantitative research. The source of this research data is secondary data in the form of company financial statements obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period. The method of determining the sample used is the purposive sampling method. After being selected based on the purposive sampling method, there were a total sample of 45 samples with an observation period of 5 years. Hypothesis testing in this study using multiple linear regression analysis method using statistical application Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 as a test tool. The analytical methods used include descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests (test normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity tests), and hypothesis testing.
Avaliação da toxicidade de efluente de aterro sanitário utilizando semente de alface Lactuca sativa
Authors: Almeida Ítalo Gerald , Dornelas Karoline Carvalho , Schneider Roselene Maria , Bongiovani Milene Carvalho 
Published: March 2023

Diante da preocupação com os impactos negativos que os percolados de aterros sanitários podem causar no meio ambiente, o presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar amostras de efluente bruto e tratado de aterro sanitário através de análises físico-químicas e avaliar a toxicidade utilizando semente de alface (Lactuca sativa) como organismo teste, verificando os efeitos na germinação. Para tanto, foram preparadas misturas lixiviado/efluente tratado a 3,125; 6,25; 12,5; 25; 50 e 100% . As sementes foram expostas tanto às misturas brutas quanto àquelas submetidas ao tratamento biológico, durante 7 dias, a fim de realizar testes de germinação e determinar as características morfológicas das plântulas. Com o efluente da lagoa de maturação foram realizados testes de coagulação/floculação utilizando três tipos de coagulantes, policloreto de alumínio (PAC), Tanfloc SG e a Moringa + KCl, nas dosagens de 1250 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1 e 5000 mg L-1, respectivamente. Os testes de toxicidade mostraram diferentes efeitos na germinação e no crescimento das plântulas para as diferentes lagoas de tratamento, a diluição da amostra foi diretamente proporcional ao crescimento das plântulas. O processo de coagulação/floculação mostrou-se eficiente na redução da toxicidade pelo fato de a Lactuca sativa apresentar altas taxas de germinação e crescimento da raiz em concentração de 100% (efluente bruto tratado), evidenciando a sua potencialidade como pré-tratamento ao processo biológico. Constatou-se que a semente de alface é um ótimo bioindicador, mostrando que mesmo utilizando o sistema de lagoas, o efluente ainda continua tóxico, sendo necessário o tratamento por coagulação/floculação. A execução deste trabalho pode auxiliar na identificação de oportunidades de melhorias e alternativas para a operação da estação de tratamento de efluentes de aterros sanitários em outros municípios.
On Packing of Minkowski Balls
Authors: Glazunov Nikolaj 
Published: March 2023

We investigate lattice packings of Minkowski balls. By the results of the proof of Minkowski conjecture about the critical determinant we divide Minkowski balls into 3 classes: Minkowski balls, Davis balls and Chebyshev–Cohn balls. We investigate lattice packings of these balls on planes with varying Minkowski metric and search among these packings the optimal packings. In this paper we prove that the optimal lattice packing of the Minkowski, Davis, and Chebyshev–Cohn balls is realized with respect to the sublattices of index two of the critical lattices of corresponding balls.
Pedagogisk slöjd i post-pandemitid
Authors: Porko-Hudd Mia , Hartvik Juha 
Published: March 2023

Slöjd inom grundläggande utbildning kännetecknas av att elever, lärare och slöjdmaterial är i interaktion. Lärandet sker i ändamålsenliga, välutrustade lärmiljöer med utrymme för kreativitet och individuella lösningar. På grund av Covid-19 pandemin, kom undervisningen i Finland tidvis helt att övergå till olika distanstillämpningar. Förutsättningarna för meningsfull distansundervisning varierade starkt. I en tidigare studie fördjupade vi oss i hur lärare i slöjd hanterade distansperioderna (Porko-Hudd & Hartvik, 2021). I denna artikel gör vi en reanalys av den tidigare studiens resultat och antar ett framåtblickande perspektiv. Analysen resulterar i fem komplementpar med vars hjälp vi öppnar upp för en diskussion om hur undervisningen och lärandet i slöjdämnet kan utvecklas med grund i tiden före och under pandemin. Vårt bidrag till diskussionen sammanfattas med en utvecklad modell för slöjdkontexten och slöjd­verk­sam­heten.
Dear Liv
Authors: Börekçi Naz A.G.Z. 
Published: March 2023

…for me you are a bright, wise, and compassionate woman and an exemplary academic, providing an embracing environment for her colleagues. I was most fortunate to be introduced to you first in 2018 for the preparations of the Learn X Design 2019 Ankara conference. That initial shy communication conducted via emails, turned into regular online meetings when I joined the DRS EdSIG convening group in late 2019, and then into intense engagements as we started working collectively for the Learn X Design 2021 Jinan conference. Many were involved with their hard work and valuable contribution, but your involvement in particular, has been a motivation for me in the process. We spent many productive hours in online meetings, organizing the event, and building the background to realise it. I love the tapestry that you have behind you on screen in the background, and I love that it is you who have made it. I love you telling us that you will go skiing after the meeting. I can actually imagine you in your suit, grasping your gear, and starting to ski immediately as you step out of the cabin. That is how skilled and talented I find you. Many times, I have felt a reciprocal understanding between the two of us, which has always been reassuring and encouraging. I have learned a lot from you.
Thank you for being a friend!