bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protected area coverage has a positive effect on koala occurrence in Eastern Australia
Authors: Terraube J. , Gardiner R. , Hohwieler K. , Frère C.H. , Cristescu R.H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) are crucial conservation tools implemented worldwide to conserve biodiversity. Although PAs can positively impact wildlife populations, their ecological outcomes vary substantially depending on PA management and governance. Recent calls have highlighted the need to better assess the role of area-based conservation in preventing biodiversity loss. This is crucial to improve PA effectiveness in order to meet global biodiversity goals. Here we take advantage of a unique dataset composed of 2230 surveys conducted with koala detection dogs across Eastern Australia, to assess how protection status affected the occurrence of a threatened specialist folivore. We assessed if coverage of protected forest influenced koala presence or absence at two spatial scales (1 and 3 km), for (i) strictly and (ii) all protected areas. We also investigated if PA effects were explained by differences in habitat composition (percentage of secondary forest) between protected and unprotected areas. Taking confounding factors into account, we showed that forest protection (all IUCN categories) had a significant positive effect on koala occurrence, which increased by ~ 10% along the forest protection gradient. Contrarily, koala occurrence was not affected by strictly protected areas. In addition, adding the percentage of secondary forests in our models did not modify the statistical effect of PAs on koala occurrence, suggesting that forest composition is not the driver of the observed difference along the protection gradient. Our results contribute to a broader understanding of the effects of PAs on a threatened marsupial and call for further attention to assessments of PA effectiveness in Eastern Australia, a global biodiversity hotspot.
Serial changes of the side-branch ostial area after single crossover stenting with kissing-balloon inflation
Authors: Fujimura Tatsuhiro , Okamura Takayuki , Nagoshi Ryoji , Murasato Yoshinobu , Yamawaki Masahiro , Miyazaki Yosuke , Akase Hideaki , Ono Shiro , Serikawa Takeshi , Hikichi Yutaka , Norita Hiroaki , Nakao Fumiaki , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Shinke Toshiro , Shite Junya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the serial change of the side-branch ostial area (SBOA) depended on the wire-position before Kissing-balloon inflation (KBI) in the single-stent strategy for bifurcation lesions separately in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and in non-LMCA.

Methods
Patients who underwent a single-stent KBI for a bifurcation lesion and had OCT images at the timing of the rewiring, at the post-procedure, and at the 9-month follow-up were extracted from the 3D-OCT Bifurcation Registry, which is a multicenter-prospective registry of patients with a percutaneous coronary intervention for a bifurcation lesion under OCT guidance. The SBOA was measured by dedicated software, and the rewiring position at the side-branch ostium after crossover stenting was assessed by three-dimensional-optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT). The optimal rewiring was defined as link-free-type and distal rewiring. The relationship between the optimal rewiring and the serial change of the SBOA was investigated separately in LMCA and non-LMCA cases.

Results
We examined 75 bifurcation lesions (LMCA, n = 35; non-LMCA, n = 40). The serial changes of the SBOA with the optimal rewiring were not significantly different regardless of LMCA and non-LMCA (LMCA:3.96 to 3.73 mm2, p = 0.38; non-LMCA:2.16 to 2.21 mm2, p = 0.98), whereas the serial changes of the SBOA with the sub-optimal rewiring were significantly reduced (LMCA:6.75 to 5.54 mm2, p = 0.013; non-LMCA:2.28 mm2 to 2.09 mm2, p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in clinical events between the optimal and sub-optimal rewiring group regardless of the LMCA and non-LMCA.

Conclusion
The side-branch ostial area dilated with the optimal rewiring position in a bifurcation lesion treated with single crossover stenting and kissing-balloon inflation was preserved regardless of whether the bifurcation was in the LMCA or a non-LMCA.
On the evaluation of outlier detection and one-class classification: a comparative study of algorithms, model selection, and ensembles
Authors: Marques Henrique O. , Swersky Lorne , Sander Jörg , Campello Ricardo J. G. B. , Zimek Arthur 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt has been shown that unsupervised outlier detection methods can be adapted to the one-class classification problem (Janssens and Postma, in: Proceedings of the 18th annual Belgian-Dutch on machine learning, pp 56–64, 2009; Janssens et al. in: Proceedings of the 2009 ICMLA international conference on machine learning and applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp 147–153, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLA.2009.16). In this paper, we focus on the comparison of one-class classification algorithms with such adapted unsupervised outlier detection methods, improving on previous comparison studies in several important aspects. We study a number of one-class classification and unsupervised outlier detection methods in a rigorous experimental setup, comparing them on a large number of datasets with different characteristics, using different performance measures. In contrast to previous comparison studies, where the models (algorithms, parameters) are selected by using examples from both classes (outlier and inlier), here we also study and compare different approaches for model selection in the absence of examples from the outlier class, which is more realistic for practical applications since labeled outliers are rarely available. Our results showed that, overall, SVDD and GMM are top-performers, regardless of whether the ground truth is used for parameter selection or not. However, in specific application scenarios, other methods exhibited better performance. Combining one-class classifiers into ensembles showed better performance than individual methods in terms of accuracy, as long as the ensemble members are properly selected.
The influence factors of students' transferable skills development in Blended-Project-Based Learning environment: a new 3P model
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Zhu Wanxia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on the existing 3P model, this paper constructed a new 3P model under the blended-project-based learning (BPBL) environment, used the course teaching data to verify this model, and revealed the potential factors that affect the learning process and learning outcomes. The results showed that the presage variables of academic motivation and course design positively affect the process variables of blended learning experience and learning engagement, respectively. The presage variable of academic motivation and the process variable of learning engagement positively affect the product variable of transferable skill development, respectively. In blended-project-based learning, it is necessary to enhance students' sense of experience and engagement by improving their academic motivation and optimizing course design, thereby promoting the development of students' transferable skills. This study has certain implications for optimizing blended-project-based teaching and promoting the development of students' team work ability, demonstration skills, management skills, and other transferable abilities.
Posterior capsule dynamics during femtosecond laser lens fragmentation
Authors: Bellucci Carlo , Mora Paolo , Tedesco Salvatore Antonio , Bellucci Roberto , Gandolfi Stefano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The dynamics of the posterior capsule during femtosecond laser lens fragmentation has received little attention in the literature. We analysed the movements of the posterior capsule to identify the rupture risk factors, if any, and to suggest possible modification of the laser spot energy pattern during fragmentation.

Materials and methods
Posterior capsule ruptures during fragmentation were identified over a 10-year period of femtosecond laser use. In addition, the dynamics of the posterior capsule were identified through the real-time swept-source OCT lateral view available during the surgeries.

Results
Out of the 1465 laser cataract procedures performed, we recorded 1 case of posterior capsule rupture during lens fragmentation, which was caused by eye movement that was detected but ignored by the surgeon. Three types of posterior capsule dynamics were identified, all related to a gas bubble formation during the first part of the lens fragmentation. In eyes with a hard nucleus, the concussion of the posterior capsule was evident, however, with no capsule rupture.

Discussion
Maintaining good docking throughout the whole procedure seems important in avoiding a posterior capsule cut by the femtosecond laser. In addition, a Gaussian pattern of spot energy is suggested when fragmenting hard cataracts.
Is Everyone Probably Elsewhere?
Authors: Stoustrup Jakob , Schiøler Henrik , Hjorth Poul G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt has been widely discussed whether the existence of other universes than the known universe is a purely metaphysical consideration. This paper argues to the contrary that the existence of other universes is a meaningful hypothesis, which can be tested based on observable data. The paper applies the perspective of observer bias as an approach for assigning probabilities to the mutually excluding hypotheses of universe vs. multiverse, i.e., whether the known universe is the only universe, or just one universe in an ensemble of universes, a so-called multiverse. The basic idea of the paper relies on the following consideration. In a multiverse, the vast majority of observers would live in universes that are more life friendly. Thus, conditional on there being a multiverse, we should expect to find ourselves in a universe with values of the fundamental parameters that provide particularly fertile grounds for life. In contrast, if there is only a single universe, it may well be the case that there is still a few observers even if the parameters are far from ideal for life, and in that case, those observers will find values of the parameters that are not ideal for intelligent life. It may well be the case that, among all parameter configurations that allow life at least somewhere, those that are not ideal for life far outnumber those that are ideal for life. Based on this elementary consideration, the paper proceeds to propose a quantitative framework to determine probabilities for either hypothesis. In particular, it is described how a future ab initio determination of some of the factors in the Drake equation may be used to infer which one of the two hypotheses is the more likely. A quantitative approach to this end is proposed. Expressing these factors of the Drake equation in the context of the two hypotheses, a general likelihood approach is first described. Then, to support intuition, example computations are provided, illustrating how an actual hypothesis test would work in practice.
Reductive Conversion Leads to Detoxification of Salicortin-like Chemical Defenses (Salicortinoids) in Lepidopteran Specialist Herbivores (Notodontidae)
Authors: Schnurrer Florian , Paetz Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLepidopteran specialist herbivores of the Notodontidae family have adapted to thrive on poplar and willow species (Salicaceae). Previous research showed that Cerura vinula, a member of the Notodontidae family occurring throughout Europe and Asia, uses a unique mechanism to transform salicortinoids, the host plant’s defense compounds, into quinic acid-salicylate conjugates. However, how the production of this conjugates relates to the detoxification of salicortinoids and how this transformation proceeds mechanistically have remained unknown. To find the mechanisms, we conducted gut homogenate incubation experiments with C. vinula and re-examined its metabolism by analyzing the constituents of its frass. To estimate the contribution of spontaneous degradation, we examined the chemical stability of salicortinoids and found that salicortinoids were degraded very quickly by midgut homogenates and that spontaneous degradation plays only a marginal role in the metabolism. We learned how salicortinoids are transformed into salicylate after we discovered reductively transformed derivatives, which were revealed to play key roles in the metabolism. Unless they have undergone the process of reduction, salicortinoids produce toxic catechol. We also studied constituents in the frass of the Notodontidae species Cerura erminea, Clostera anachoreta, Furcula furcula, Notodonta ziczac, and Pheosia tremula, and found the same metabolites as those described for C. vinula. We conclude that the process whereby salicortinoids are reductively transformed represents an important adaption of the Notodontidae to their Salicaceae host species.
The Influence of Amphoteric Terpolymerization of Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) in the Optimization of the Phase Separation Temperatures
Authors: Abdelaty Momen S. A. , Abu-Zahra Nidal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to fabricate an ampholyte thermo-responsive terpolymers and explore the influence of ampholyte on the phase separation temperatures in different pH solutions. The fabrication of the ampholyte thermo-responsive terpolymers was achieved by terpolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), DIVA (5, 10, and 15 mol.%), and acrylic acid (AA) 10 mol.%. The preparation of the cationic monomer from vanillin was achieved in a facile reaction named 2-((diisopropylamino) methyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl acrylate (DIVA). The chemical structures of the monomers and terpolymers were evaluated successfully by 1H, 13C NMR, and FTIR. The average molecular weight and dispersity of the terpolymers were characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC); the glass transition temperature, crystallinity, and morphology were characterized using DSC, XRD, and SEM, respectively. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the fabricated terpolymers, at different pH conditions, were evaluated using contact angle measurements. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) for all samples was measured using UV–vis spectrophotometer. Moreover, the LCST was tested using different Hofmeister salts in kosmotropic and chaotropic conditions. The findings of this study can be utilized in the bio-separation of biological molecules, as well as drug delivery applications.
Graphical Abstract
Teacher anger as a double-edged sword: Contrasting trait and emotional labor effects
Authors: Wang Hui , Chiu Ming Ming , Hall Nathan C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn contrast to teachers’ positive emotions, such as enjoyment and enthusiasm, teachers’ negative emotions and the regulation of negative emotions have received limited empirical attention. As the most commonly experienced negative emotion in teachers, anger has to date demonstrated mixed effects on teacher development. On the one hand, habitual experiences of anger (i.e.,trait anger) exhaust teachers’ cognitive resources and impair pedagogical effectiveness, leading to poor student engagement. On the other hand, strategically expressing, faking, or hiding anger in daily, dynamic interactions with students can help teachers achieve instructional goals, foster student concentration, and facilitate student engagement. The current study adopted an intensive daily diary design to investigate the double-edged effects of teachers’ anger. Multilevel structural equation modeling of data from 4,140 daily diary entries provided by 655 practicing Canadian teachers confirmed our hypotheses. Trait anger in teachers was found to impair teacher-perceived student engagement. Daily genuine expression of anger corresponded with greater teacher-perceived student engagement; daily faking anger impaired perceived student engagement, and daily hiding anger showed mixed results. Moreover, teachers tended to hide anger over time, and were reluctant to express anger, genuine or otherwise, in front of their students. Finally, genuine expression and hiding of anger had only a temporary positive association with teacher-perceived student engagement, with student rapport being optimal for promoting sustained observed student engagement.
SDN-based multi-level framework for smart home services
Authors: Gilani Syed Mushhad Mustuzhar , Usman Muhammad , Daud Saqib , Kabir Asif , Nawaz Qamar , Judit Oláh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe smart home is a field that uses smart devices and gadgets to automate tasks and operations in the house, and it is expected that this study subject will become a focal point in future civilizations. The adoption of smart home services faces significant obstacles in terms of reliability and stability. The Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm offers up novel approaches and trends to embrace smart technologies to tackle the issues of smart homes. To avoid accidents, we developed a vertical SDN-based multi-level structure consisting of two controllers with a parent-child connection. It enables smart homes to make optimal use of current services while also providing new services to smart homes and buildings, opening the path for future smart services. In addition, we created an Application Programming Interface (API) for the smart home to make it easier to use current services and pave the path for future smart services. We designed numerous jobs depending on their categorization to give smart services, which is beneficial for smart homes. Local topologies, cloud topologies, and cloud-local topologies have all been compared in the evaluation section. The performance of POX, NOX, and Flood Light controllers is measured using three performance metrics: mean throughput, Round-Trip Time (RTT), and packet loss across all three topologies. Our findings revealed that the cloud-local topology had the lowest packet loss ratio of 1.4%, while the local and cloud topologies had 1.9% and 2.3%, respectively.
Helly-Type Theorems for the Ordering of the Vertices of a Hypergraph
Authors: Biró Csaba , Lehel Jenő , Tóth Géza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet H be a complete r-uniform hypergraph such that two vertices are marked in each edge as its ‘boundary’ vertices. A linear ordering of the vertex set of H is called an agreeing linear order, provided all vertices of each edge of H lie between its two boundary vertices. We prove the following Helly-type theorem: if there is an agreeing linear order on the vertex set of every subhypergraph of H with at most 2r − 2 vertices, then there is an agreeing linear order on the vertex set of H. We also show that the constant 2r − 2 cannot be reduced in the theorem. The case r = 3 of the theorem has particular interest in the axiomatic theory of betweenness. Similar results are obtained for further r-uniform hypergraphs (r ≥ 3), where one or two vertices are marked in each edge, and the linear orders need to satisfy various rules of agreement. In one of the cases we prove that no such Helly-type statement holds.
Some new $$(H_p-L_p)$$ type inequalities for weighted maximal operators of partial sums of Walsh–Fourier series
Authors: Baramidze Davit , Persson Lars-Erik , Tephnadze George 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we introduce some new weighted maximal operators of the partial sums of the Walsh–Fourier series. We prove that for some “optimal” weights these new operators indeed are bounded from the martingale Hardy space $$H_{p}(G)$$

H
p

(
G
)

to the Lebesgue space $$L_{p}(G),$$

L
p

(
G
)

,

for $$0<p<1.$$

0
<
p
<
1
.

Moreover, we also prove sharpness of this result. As a consequence we obtain some new and well-known results.
Study of Global Photospheric and Chromospheric Flows Using Local Correlation Tracking and Machine Learning Methods I: Methodology and Uncertainty Estimates
Authors: Li Qin , Xu Yan , Verma Meetu , Denker Carsten , Zhao Junwei , Wang Haimin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCyclical variations of the solar magnetic fields, and hence the level of solar activity, are among the top interests of space weather research. Surface flows in global-scale, in particular differential rotation and meridional flows, play important roles in the solar dynamo that describes the origin and variation of solar magnetic fields. In principle, differential rotation is the fundamental cause of dipole field formation and emergence, and meridional flows are the surface component of a longitudinal circulation that brings decayed field from low latitudes to polar regions. Such flows are key inputs and constraints of observational and modeling studies of solar cycles. Here, we present two methods, local correlation tracking (LCT) and machine learning-based self-supervised optical flow methods, to measure differential rotation and meridional flows from full-disk magnetograms that probe the photosphere and $\text{H}\alpha$
H
α
images that probe the chromosphere, respectively. LCT is robust in deriving photospheric flows using magnetograms. However, we found that it failed to trace flows using time-sequence $\text{H}\alpha $
H
α
data because of the strong dynamics of traceable features. The optical flow methods handle $\text{H}\alpha $
H
α
data better to measure the chromospheric flow fields. We found that the differential rotation from photospheric and chromospheric measurements shows a strong correlation with a maximum of $2.85~\upmu \text{rad}\,\text{s}^{-1}$
2.85

μrad

s

−
1

at the equator and the accuracy holds until $60^{\circ }$

60
∘

for the MDI and $\text{H}\alpha$
H
α
, $75^{\circ }$

75
∘

for the HMI dataset. On the other hand, the meridional flow deduced from the chromospheric measurement shows a similar trend as the concurrent photospheric measurement within $60^{\circ }$

60
∘

with a maximum of $20~\text{m}\,\text{s}^{-1}$
20

m

s

−
1

at $40^{\circ }$

40
∘

in latitude. Furthermore, the measurement uncertainties are discussed.
Phylourny: efficiently calculating elimination tournament win probabilities via phylogenetic methods
Authors: Bettisworth Ben , Jordan Alexander I. , Stamatakis Alexandros 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe prediction of knockout tournaments represents an area of large public interest and active academic as well as industrial research. Here, we show how one can leverage the computational analogies between calculating the phylogenetic likelihood score used in the area of molecular evolution to efficiently calculate, instead of approximate via simulations, the exact per-team tournament win probabilities, given a pairwise win probability matrix between all teams. We implement and make available our method as open-source code and show that it is two orders of magnitude faster than simulations and two or more orders of magnitude faster than calculating the exact per-team win probabilities naïvely, without taking into account the substantial computational savings induced by the tournament tree structure. Furthermore, we showcase novel prediction approaches that now become feasible due to this order of magnitude improvement in calculating tournament win probabilities. We demonstrate how to quantify prediction uncertainty by calculating 100,000 distinct tournament win probabilities for a tournament with 16 teams under slight variations of a reasonable pairwise win probability matrix within one minute on a standard laptop. We also conduct an analogous analysis for a tournament with 64 teams.