bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les mobilités au cœur de la transition sociale-écologique
Authors: Mayer-Rossignol Nicolas 
Published: April 2023

Pour la Métropole de Rouen Normandie, dixième métropole de France avec plus de 500 000 habitants et 71 communes, les mobilités sont l’un des principaux leviers de la transition écologique en conciliant décarbonation des transports et inclusion sociale dans les espaces urbains comme ruraux. Cette stratégie s’appuie sur différents axes comme le renforcement récent de l’offre de transports en commun, le développement du covoiturage, l’augmentation de la part du vélo, la montée en capacité des parkings relais permettant de faire le lien entre les différentes parties du territoire, la sécurisation du stationnement des vélos et de nombreuses autres mesures. La métropole rouennaise représente par les entreprises et laboratoires implantés sur le territoire un écosystème très favorable d’innovations pour les mobilités de demain : l’arrivée prochaine de l’entreprise néerlandaise Ebusco, fabricante de bus électriques, qui va installer dans la métropole son siège social français ainsi qu’un établissement de production d’envergure européenne en est une illustration.
Dans les grandes régions, le préfet de région éloigné des territoires conduit à la renaissance du préfet de département
Authors: Cochet Arnaud 
Published: April 2023

Si le décret du 16 février 2010 a partagé les rôles entre préfets de région et de département, des matières restent propres au niveau départemental. Depuis 2019, année de la réforme de l’organisation territoriale de l’État, l’échelon départemental et l’accroissement de ses pouvoirs de gestion a été renforcé. Plus récemment, depuis 2022, la loi relative à la différenciation, la décentralisation, la déconcentration et portant diverses mesures de simplification de l’action publique locale crée la possibilité pour le préfet de région de déléguer sa signature au préfet de département. Dans le même mouvement, les préfets de département se voient confier le rôle de délégués de nombreuses agences et l’on assiste depuis quelques années à un dépassement de cet échelon à travers le rôle croissant dévolu aux sous-préfets d’arrondissement. La proximité apparaît comme indispensable dans la conduite des politiques publiques au service des citoyens locaux et conforte de fait l’échelon départemental et intradépartemental.
Impact Of Ikhueniro Dumpsite Leachate On Blood Profile And Blood Film Of Wistar Rats
Authors: Ibezute A. C. , Makun O. J. , Tawari-Fufeyin P. 
Published: April 2023

The challenge of environmental toxicity and the associated unrelenting efforts of man to abate or eradicate its hazards are lifelong efforts. The present study investigated the impact of Ikhueniro dumpsite leachate in Benin City, Nigeria on the hematological blood profile and blood film of Wistar rats. A total of 30 Wistar rats were acclimatized for two weeks and randomly distributed into three groups A to C; group A served as control, while groups B and C were orally administered Leachate only and Leachate + Abatement (Dialium guineenses aqueous leaf extract), respectively, once every 48 hours for 30 days. After the exposure period, the surviving rats in group A and half of the rats in group B and C were examined and sacrificed. The experiment continued with the remaining rats in groups B and C. Group B was given only clean water and C only abatement following ealier stated schedule, after which the surviving rats were sacrificed and samples collected. Hematological analysis showed that leachate administration in Wistar rats caused an increase in white blood cells (27.65%), platelet count (13.35%), and platelet crit (45.45%); with a decrease in red blood cell count (7.52%), hemoglobin (5.40%) and hematocrit (6.12%) of Wistar rats when compared to the control. Geimsa-stained blood film revealed the presence of polymorphs and basophils in the blood film of rats administered dumpsite leachate. Nevertheless, when leachate administration was stopped in the group of rats where it was previously administered, there was a slight improvement in some blood hematological indices. However, the administration of Dialiumguineense leaf extracts better-improved blood hematological indices. The findings of this study indicate that Ikhueniro dumpsite leachate negatively impacted blood hematological indices in Wistar rats. Dumpsite leachate should be handled and treated carefully to avoid potential health hazards in animals.
Using Linkage Mechanism in Community Development Activities in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Osabuohien J. I. , Asenoguan A. , Igbinidu O. 
Published: April 2023

The study examined the effectiveness of linkage mechanism in community development activities (CDAs) in Edo State Nigeria using Data collection through structured questionnaire administration to157 local leaders and 31 extension agents. Results shows obtained show that informal linkage mechanisms like social gathering (18.5% and 22.6%) was very low among local leaders and extension agents while 21.0% of local leaders and all (100%) sampled extension agents used community visits and joint problem identification. Majority (66.6% and 75.0%) of local leaders and extension agents perceived use of linkage mechanisms effective in community development activities. 77.1% of local leaders and 77.4% of the extension agents indicated incompatibility of government policies as serious(% ≥ 50) constraint in the use of linkage mechanism in CDAs by local leaders and the extension agents. Significant difference existed between effectiveness of linkage mechanisms between local leaders ( = 43.15) and extension agents ( = 21.86) in facilitating community development activities in the study area as t-test value obtained was 6.72. The study recommends effective linkage mechanism in community development activities; community developers encouraged and assisted through the formulation of compatible policies which would enhance and promote use of linkage mechanisms in community development activities/efforts.
Effect of Coconut Husk Based Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Commercial Based Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Post-Harvest Preservation of Tomato Fruits
Authors: Njoku C. C. 
Published: April 2023

Plant-derived biomass such as lignocellulosic materials is a key input for many biotechnological applications and a secure, sustainable and renewable source of energy for the present and beyond. This research work investigated the effect of Coconut Husk based Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCCH) and Commercial based Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCCOM) for post-harvest preservation of tomato fruits for 40 days in ambient temperature. Standard techniques were used to measure changes in quality parameters during the preservation period. The results showed that coated tomato fruits showed delay in weight loss, increased lycopene content and sugar-acid level. A change in pH level, Total Soluble solid and Titratable acidity was also observed. This suggests that using Carboxymethyl cellulose from coconut husks can extend shelf life of tomato fruits for 40 days with minimal quality deterioration.
Tracheostomy without mechanical ventilation in patients with traumatic brain injury at a tertiary referral hospital in Malawi: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mulima Gift , Lie Stein Atle , Charles Anthony , Hanif Asma Bilal , Varela Carlos G. , Banza Leonard N. , Young Sven 
Published: April 2023

Background
Tracheostomy alone, without mechanical ventilation, has been advocated to maintain a free airway in patients with traumatic brain injury in low-income settings with minimal critical care capacity. However, no reports exist on the outcomes of this strategy. We examine the results of this practice at a central hospital in Malawi.
Methods
This is a retrospective review of medical records and prospectively gathered trauma surveillance data of patients admitted to Kamuzu Central Hospital, with traumatic brain injury from January 2010 to December 2015. In-hospital mortality rates were examined according to registered traumatic brain injury severity and airway management.
Results
In our analysis, 1875 of 2051 registered traumatic brain injury patients were included; 83.3% were male, mean age 32.6 (SD 12.9) years. 14.2% (n=267) of the patients had invasive airway management (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy) with or without mechanical ventilation. Mortality in severe traumatic brain injury treated with tracheostomy without mechanical ventilation was 42% (10/24) compared to 21% (14/68) in patients treated without intubation or tracheostomy (p= 0.043). Tracheostomies had an overall complication rate of 11%.
Conclusion
Tracheostomy without mechanical ventilation in severe traumatic brain injury did not improve survival outcomes in our setting. Tracheostomy for severe traumatic brain injury cannot be recommended when mechanical ventilation is not available unless there are sufficient specialized human resources for follow up in the ward. Efforts to improve critical care facilities and human resource capacity to allow proper use of mechanical ventilation in severe traumatic brain injury should be a high priority in low-income countries where the burden of trauma is high.
Prevalence of performance enhancing substance use among elite football players in two super league teams in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Chisati Enock M. , Undi Dorothy , Ulili Samuel , Nkhoma Sarai , Mlongoti Mathews 
Published: April 2023

Background
Use of performance enhancing substances (PES) is common among athletes with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 5% to 31%. There has been little knowledge of PES use in African athletes with no available data for Malawian football players. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PESs use among elite football players in two super league teams in Blantyre, Malawi.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two super league football teams in Blantyre, Malawi. A modified standard questionnaire obtained from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Social science research package was administered to collect data from a convenient sample of 43 elite football players on the characteristics of participants, prevalence of PESs use and reasons for using PES. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.
Results
Out of 86 eligible football players, 43 with a mean age of 24 ± 4 years participated in the study. Many players (60%) had secondary education as their highest level of education and most players (86%) had played football for more than five years. Out of 43 participants, 39 (91%) had been using PESs while four (9%) had never used PESs. Out of 13 substances, caffeine (77%), herbal products (40%), and energy bars (40%) were the commonly used PESs while cocaine (2%) was the least used substance among the players. Improving performance was the most common reason (81%) why participants were using PESs followed by increase in lean body mass (35%).
Conclusion
The prevalence of PESs use among elite football players in two super league teams in Blantyre, Malawi is high. The most used PES are caffeine, herbal products and energy bars. Participants mainly use PESs for improved performance in football. Therefore, awareness among elite football athletes and stakeholders on adverse health effects of PES use should be promoted.
Seroprevalence of Human Cysticercosis in Amper and Kabwir Districts of Kanke Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Kum F.O. , Yohanna J.A. , Adeiyongo C.M 
Published: April 2023

Human cysticercosis is an important public health problem, particularly in developing countries. The seroprevalence of human cysticercosis in Amper and Kabwir Districts of Kanke Local Government Area of Plateau State was studied between January and March 2019. Blood samples were collected from 151 individuals in the study area. Serum was obtained and Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the prevalence of 1gG antibodies to cysticercosis. Forty-one (41) out of 151 individuals were positive for human cysticercosis giving a seroprevalence of 27.15%. Seroprevalence was higher in females (29.87%) than in males (24.32%) however, this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Age group 41 to 50 years had the highest (33.33%) seroprevalence of infection while individuals 51 years and above had the lowest (16.67%) seroprevalence. Other risk factors that influenced seroprevalence include the source of drinking water, the type of toilet system used, and the rearing of pigs. Good sanitary measures are suggested to combat this infection.
Effects of Mosquito Coil Smoke Inhalation on the Haematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Parameters of Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Okoh H.I. , Odoh I.M. , Ahmed J. , Oluwafemi F. , Morikwe U.C. , Augustine A. 
Published: April 2023

Malaria remains the most important mosquito-borne parasitic disease in sub – Saharan Africa and one of the ways of reducing the risk of the disease is by preventing mosquito–human contact. Mosquito coil (MC) is a coiled substance having one or more insecticides that slowly burns to emit smoke that repels mosquitoes. Some emissions from mosquito coil smoke (MCS) have however been reported to have various health implications. In this study, we investigated the effect of MCS inhalation on the haematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters of Wistar rats. Twenty adults male Wistar rats weighing between 160 and 180g were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I (G1) served as unexposed control while groups 2 – 4 (G2, G3, G4) were exposed to MCS for 2, 4, and 6 hours respectively each day for eight weeks. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were weighed and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical parameters while kidney, liver and lung samples were harvested for histopathology. There was a significant increase (P<0.5) in the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and electrolyte level of exposed rats compared to the control. Histopathological evaluation of the kidney showed severe congestion of the renal cortex and moderate diffused degeneration of the renal tubules. Sections of the exposed liver showed mild to moderate periportal cellular infiltration, mild congestion of interstitial capillaries, and mild diffuse hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes. Similarly, sections of exposed lungs revealed severe congestion and oedema of the lungs, moderate diffuse proliferation of alveoli pneumocyte, multiple foci of congestion, and oedema with haemorrhage into the alveoli. These findings suggest that exposure to MCS may have toxic effects on the haematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters of Wistar rats. Friendlier mosquito control alternatives like Long Lasting Insecticidal–treated Nets should therefore be encouraged.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Burkina Faso: Epidemiological evolution of a vector-borne disease locally called “Ouaga 2000 disease”: a minireview
Authors: Zida A. , Sawadogo P.M. , Guiguemdé K.T. , Soulama I. , Chanolle T. , Traoré S. , Sangaré, I. , Bamba S. 
Published: April 2023

In Burkina Faso, the first case of cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) dates from 1960 and a few cases were reported in the following years. The objective of this review was to collect and analyze available data on CLin Burkina Faso to improve case management and control of disease transmission. A review of the literature was carried out using the PubMed, Google Scholar and Hinari databases. Publications dealing with the epidemiological aspects of CL, the parasite species involved, vectors and potential reservoir hosts, as well as drugs used in the treatment of CLwere searched. From 1960 to 1961, Burkina Faso recorded 13 cases of CL. From 2000 to 2005, an average of more than 1500 CLcases were recorded in Ouagadougou. In 2016 authors reported the results of the investigation of a second epidemic focus in Larama, Bassins region. More recently, in 2021, an investigation was carried out in a focus in the Centre-Nord region, bringing the number of CL focus to three in Burkina Faso. Leishmania major is the main species identified. In the wild area in the Ouagadougou focus, rodents Mastomys, Cricetomys, etc. have been described as the potential reservoir hosts, while in the domestic area, the animal reservoir would be the dog. In the focus of Ouagadougou, Phlebotomus duboscqi has been suspected since the 1960s as the possible vector of CL. The diagnosis is essentially microscopic. The first-line treatment meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) accounted for only 65.9% of prescriptions. According to studies, the relapse rate after the first treatment with pentavalent antimony is about 37%. Despite the neglected disease status given to CL, there is therefore a need to strengthen the fight against this parasitosis by improving access to diagnosis and treatment, vector control and investigations to discover possible new endemic foci.
Parasitological and Molecular Studies of Intestinal Helminths among Women in Obi and Oju Local Government Areas of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Uweh P.O. , Omudu E.A. 
Published: April 2023

The parasitological and molecular studies of intestinal helminth among women in Obi and Oju LGAs, Benue State were investigated. Stool samples were analysed using the formal-ether concentration technique for the detection of parasites. Well-structured questionnaires were used to elicit socio- demographic data as well as knowledge of the women towards helminth infection. Representative samples were afterwards processed molecularly using PCR technology. The parasites recovered were Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia spp., Trichuris trichiura and Trichomonas vaginalis. An overall prevalence of 9.93% was obtained for helminth infection. Women within the age group of 15-20 years recorded the highest prevalence (27.77%). Civil servants and single women recorded the highest infection rates (19.52% and 23.82% respectively) while in terms of education, those with no formal education recorded the highest rate of infection (27.52%). Furthermore, the majority of the women were unaware of intestinal helminths and the specific types (85.53%). There was also a significant relationship between education, age, and rate of infection (P<0.05). It was therefore concluded that helminth infection among women in Oju and Obi LGAis comparatively low. The amplification of genes confirms the presence of Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma haematobium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba histolytica. The detection of T. vaginalis by the polymerase chain reaction buttresses the sensitivity of PCR as a diagnostic tool. There is a need for enlightenment campaigns against helminth infections in Oju and Obi. Efforts of the government are needed to ensure the provision of efficient molecular facilities for accurate diagnosis of infection.
Evaluation of the detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Urine, Plasma, Serum, and Dried Blood Spots using real-time Polymerase Chain React
Authors: Okangba C.C. , Ajani T.A. , Okangba G.C. , Makanjuola O.B. , Anaedobe C.G. , Oluwole T.O. , Otaigbe I.I. , Osinowo A.O. , Taiwo A.A. 
Published: April 2023

Access to timely and accurate diagnostic tests has a significant impact on the management of malaria disease which is a global concern. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Plasmodium DNA is highly sensitive in diagnosing malaria. The specimen of choice for this assay has been whole blood samples from patients with malaria caused by Plasmodium species. Nucleic acids can also be detected in urine, serum, plasma, and Dried Blood Spots (DBS) samples but there are few studies describing the diagnostic performance of PCR. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the performance of realtime PCR (qPCR) in detecting malaria parasite DNA in serum, plasma, urine, and DBS. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 146 patients that attended the clinic at Bayeku, Oreta, Imota, Ijede, Agura Primary Health Centres (PHC) and Ikorodu General hospital of Lagos State. Urine samples and a total of 5 ml of blood were collected from each participant and made into dried blot spots, plasma, and serum. The samples were screened and assayed for Plasmodium falciparum by microscopy and Multiplex qPCR respectively. The sensitivity of qPCR using plasma, serum and urine specimens were 100%, 87%, and 52.6% respectively, while the specificity was 82%, 87.5% and 80% respectively. Parasite detection by microscopy showed greater agreement with detection by qPCR in serum (79.4%) than qPCR from plasma (75%) or urine (58.3%). In conclusion, malaria detection using qPCR assay on plasma has high sensitivity and can be used as an alternative to microscopy.
Intensive care unit deaths among neurosurgery patients in a tertiary hospital in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Rabiu T.B. , Uthman I.I. , Folami E.O. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Neurosurgical patients are the most critical ICU admissions. While advancements in neurosurgical ICUs (NICU) have improved outcomes of care globally, ICU mortality remains a major clinical issue in developing nations. This study evaluates ICU mortalities of neurosurgical patients in a general ICU setting at the UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
Method: Case records of neurosurgery patients who died in the ICU of UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, South-Western, Nigeria from June 2012 to May 2022 were reviewed. Simple descriptive statistics of data on demographics, clinical diagnoses, management and outcome were done.
Results: Mortality rate was 38.9% (84 of 216 admissions). Males were 67(79.8%) and the mean age was 41.5years (Range: 2-85years). The average duration of ICU stay was 3.5days (Range: 30minutes-20days). Most patients had severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (62, 73.8%). This was followed by cerebrovascular diseases (12, 14.3%) and brain tumours (6, 7.1%). Two had brain abscess. One patient each had mixed subacute/chronic subdural haematoma and severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Of the 69 whose case files were found, 7(10.1%) had a diagnosis of brainstem death before eventual 'final' death after an average of 13.5 additional hours on mechanical life support. The identified secondary causes of death included raised ICP, sepsis, primary surgical haemorrhage, seizures, acute kidney injury, malignant hypertension, poor glycaemic control and aggressive blood pressure lowering. Only 1 patient had autopsy.
Conclusion: Most ICU mortalities among neurosurgical patients were from severe TBI. The establishment of NICU is necessary to improve outcome of care of neurosurgical patients.