bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projecting a Critique of Stigma Associated With Dementia on Screen: The Impact of a Canadian Film on the Importance of Relational Caring in the Community
Authors: Kontos Pia , Grigorovich Alisa , Dupuis Sherry L , Colobong Romeo , Gray Julia , Jonas-Simpson Christine , Serota Alexine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Relational caring has the capacity to reduce stigma associated with dementia by shifting the focus from dysfunction and behavior management, to attending to the interdependencies and reciprocities that underpin caring relationships, and making explicit the centrality of relationships to quality care, growth, and quality of life. Education, particularly arts-based approaches, has been identified as a key strategy to decrease stigma. Yet rarely are the arts utilized in educational initiatives, and particularly so in community care settings. With an interest in redressing this, our team evaluated the impact of a Canadian filmed research-based drama—Cracked: new light on dementia—about stigma associated with people living with dementia and their families.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted interviews with family carers of people living with dementia and formal care providers affiliated with community-based dementia care, and also the general public at 3 and 8 months postscreening.

Results
Our analysis of participants’ perceptions/experiences illustrates the effectiveness of Cracked in reducing stigma by demonstrating changes in the understanding of dementia and changes in practice. Our analysis also includes attention to how the film, as a form of cultural production, deepened engagement and facilitated transformation.

Discussion and Implications
Our evaluation of Cracked demonstrates that it is an effective strategy for decreasing the stigma associated with dementia by promoting relational caring. It also importantly contributes to the theoretical literature that supports film-based approaches to stigma reduction.
Gut Microbiota Composition in Long-Remission Ulcerative Colitis is Close to a Healthy Gut Microbiota
Authors: Herrera-deGuise Claudia , Varela Encarna , Sarrabayrouse Guillaume , Pozuelo del Río Marta , Alonso Virginia Robles , Sainz Natalia Borruel , Casellas Francesc , Mayorga Luis Fernando , Manichanh Chaysavanh , Vidaur Fernando Azpiroz , Guarner Francisco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Microbiome studies report low gut microbial richness and diversity in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. We explored whether UC patients who reach long-term clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission show a gut microbial ecosystem that is similar to healthy individuals.

Methods
We collected 184 stool samples from 111 individuals (UC patients in long remission, short remission, flare, and healthy control subjects). Microbiota was analyzed by amplicon sequencing (16S ribosomal RNA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for specific taxa. All UC remission patients were followed-up for 2 years.

Findings
A drop in species diversity and richness, underrepresentation of butyrate producers, and gain of potentially harmful bacteria were significantly detected in samples from disease-flare and short-remission patients. In contrast, Chao1 and Shannon indexes of diversity did not differ among patients in long remission and healthy control subjects. Long-remission patients also presented fecal bacterial composition closer to that in healthy control subjects. There was a positive correlation between Akkermansia muciniphila abundance and time in remission (rs = 0.53, P &lt; .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that a high Shannon index (odds ratio, 4.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-20.6) or presence of A. muciniphila (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-29.08) in fecal samples at entry was independently associated with clinical remission over a follow-up period of 24 months.

Interpretation
UC patients who achieve long-term remission show evidence of substantial recovery of the gut microbial ecosystem in terms of diversity and composition. Recovery may just reflect adequate control of inflammatory activity, but higher bacterial diversity or the presence of A. muciniphila in fecal samples predicts flare-free outcomes.
A systematic literature review on solution approaches for the index tracking problem
Authors: Silva Julio Cezar Soares , de Almeida Filho Adiel Teixeira 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccepted by: Giorgio ConsigliThe passive management approach offers conservative investors a way to reduce risk concerning the market. This investment strategy aims at replicating a specific index, such as the NASDAQ Composite or the FTSE100 index. The problem is that buying all the index’s assets incurs high rebalancing costs, and this harms future returns. The index tracking problem concerns building a portfolio that follows a specific benchmark with fewer transaction costs. Since a subset of assets is required to solve the index problem this class of problems is NP-hard, and in the past years, researchers have been studying solution approaches to obtain more practical tracking portfolios. This work brings an analysis, spanning the last three decades, of the advances in mathematical approaches for index tracking. The systematic literature review covered important issues, such as the most relevant research areas, solution methods and model structures. Special attention was given to the exploration and analysis of metaheuristics applied to the index tracking problem.
EngenderingSlave Religion: Methodology Beyond the Invisible Institution
Authors: Wells-Oghoghomeh Alexis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article argues for a deprioritization of religious tradition in favor of practice-centered approaches to the study of religion among enslaved people in the United States as a means of rendering the African Atlantic and gendered dimensions more legible. In the wake of W.E.B. Du Bois’s famous argument for “the preacher, the music, and the frenzy” as the constitutive elements of African American religiosity in slavery, the historiography of slave religion has largely revolved around institutional manifestations of religion and the figures who powered them. To this end, religious traditions rooted in institutional models—with centralized authority figures, defined rites, and performative parameters—often serve as indices of religion among the enslaved. Surveying the historiography of slave religion, this article explores how the methodological prioritization of religious traditions has left the religious histories of women and others who resided outside of androcentric, heteronormative institutional frameworks largely hidden in the metanarrative of US religion and slavery. Methodologies aimed at the study of practices apart from institutions, however, prove generative for the recovery of woman-gendered and African Atlantic religious histories in the US South.
Dynamic Evolution of Retroviral Envelope Genes in Egg-Laying Mammalian Genomes
Authors: Kitao Koichi , Shoji Hiyori , Miyazawa Takayuki , Nakagawa So 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIndependently acquired envelope (env) genes from endogenous retroviruses have contributed to the placental trophoblast cell–cell fusion in therian mammals. Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) are an important sister clade for understanding mammalian placental evolution, but the env genes in their genomes have yet to be investigated. Here, env-derived open reading frames (env-ORFs) encoding more than 400 amino acid lengths were searched in the genomes of two monotremes: platypus and echidna. Only two env-ORFs were present in the platypus genome, whereas 121 env-ORFs were found in the echidna genome. The echidna env-ORFs were phylogenetically classified into seven groups named env-Tac1 to -Tac7. Among them, the env-Tac1 group contained only a single gene, and its amino acid sequence showed high similarity to those of the RD114/simian type D retroviruses. Using the pseudotyped virus assay, we demonstrated that the Env-Tac1 protein utilizes echidna sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 1 and 2 (ASCT1 and ASCT2) as entry receptors. Moreover, the Env-Tac1 protein caused cell–cell fusion in human 293T cells depending on the expression of ASCT1 and ASCT2. These results illustrate that fusogenic env genes are not restricted to placental mammals, providing insights into the evolution of retroviral genes and the placenta.
Do Insiders Hire CEOs with High Managerial Talent?
Authors: Kotter Jason D , Larkin Yelena 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We examine the effect of the composition of the board of directors on the firm’s chief executive officer (CEO) hiring decision. Using a novel measure of managerial talent, characterized by an individual’s ascent in the corporate hierarchy, we show that firms with non-CEO inside directors tend to hire CEOs with greater managerial skills. This effect obtains for both internal and external CEO hires; moreover, the effect is pronounced when inside directors have stronger reputational incentives and limited access to soft information about the candidate. Our findings demonstrate that boards with inside directors more effectively screen for managerial talent, thereby improving the CEO hiring process.
Efficacy of Remotely Delivered Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Best Michael W , Romanowska Sylvia , Zhou Ying , Wang Linbo , Leibovitz Talia , Onno Karin A , Jagtap Shreya , Bowie Christopher R 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is among the most persistent and debilitating mental health conditions worldwide. The American Psychological Association (APA) has identified 10 psychosocial treatments with evidence for treating schizophrenia and these treatments are typically provided in person. However, in-person services can be challenging to access for people living in remote geographic locations. Remote treatment delivery is an important option to increase access to services; however, it is unclear whether evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia are similarly effective when delivered remotely.Study DesignThe current study consists of a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the evidence-base for remote-delivery of each of the 10 APA evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia.ResultsOf the 10 treatments examined, only cognitive remediation (CR), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and family psychoeducation had more than 2 studies examining their efficacy for remote delivery. Remote delivery of CBT produced moderate effects on symptoms (g = 0.43) and small effects on functioning (g = 0.26). Remote delivery of CR produced small-moderate effects on neurocognition (g = 0.35) and small effects on functioning (g = 0.21). There were insufficient studies of family psychoeducation with equivalent outcome measures to assess quantitatively, however, studies of remotely delivered family psychoeducation suggested that it is feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective.ConclusionsOverall, the evidence-base for remotely delivered treatment for schizophrenia is limited. Studies to date suggest that remote adaptations may be effective; however, more rigorous trials are needed to assess efficacy and methods of remote delivery that are most effective.
Incidence and Persistence of Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Staines Lorna , Healy Colm , Murphy Felim , Byrne Jonah , Murphy Jennifer , Kelleher Ian , Cotter David , Cannon Mary 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Psychotic experiences (PEs) are associated with increased risk for mental disorders, in particular persistent PEs. PEs therefore might be useful within intervention research. We sought to systematically determine the incidence and persistence of PEs in the general population.

Study Design
A double-blind search of databases (Embase, Pubmed PMC, Psychinfo, Medline, and Web of Science) from inception to January 2023 and data extraction, were conducted. Study quality was assessed using the NIH assessment tool. Random effects models were conducted to calculate pooled incidence rate per person-year and proportion of persistent PEs per year. Age and study design were all examined using subgroup analyses. Demographic, risk factors, and outcomes for incidence and persistence of PEs were reported in a narrative synthesis.

Study Results
Using a double-blind screening method for abstract (k = 5763) and full text (k = 250) were screened. In total 91 samples from 71 studies were included, of which 39 were included in a meta-analysis (incidence: k = 17, n = 56 089; persistence: k = 22, n = 81 847). Incidence rate was 0.023 per person-year (95% CI [0.0129;0.0322]). That is, for every 100 people, 2 reported first onset PEs in a year. This was highest in adolescence at 5 per 100(13–17 years). The pooled persistence rate for PEs was 31.0% (95% CI [26.65,35.35]) This was highest in adolescence at 35.8%. Cannabis was particularly associated with incidence of PEs, and persistence of PEs were associated with multiple mental disorders.

Conclusions
Each year incidence of PEs is 2 of every 100 people, and persists each year in 31% of cases, this risk is highest in adolescents.
Imaging in pediatric spondyloarthritis
Authors: Carol Hallie A. , Chauvin Nancy A. , Weiss Pamela F. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Imaging is used in the diagnosis of peripheral and axial disease in juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA). Imaging of the joints and entheses in children and adolescents can be challenging for those unfamiliar with the appearance of the maturing skeleton. These differences are key for rheumatologists and radiologists to be aware of.

Recent findings
In youth, skeletal variation during maturation makes the identification of arthritis, enthesitis, and sacroiliitis difficult. A great effort has been put forward to define imaging characteristics seen in healthy children in order to more accurately identify disease. Additionally, there are novel imaging modalities on the horizon that are promising to further differentiate normal physiologic changes versus disease.

Summary
This review describes the current state of imaging, limitations, and future imaging modalities in youth, with key attention to differences in imaging interpretation of the peripheral joints, entheses, and sacroiliac joint in youth and adults.
The Context of Caregiving in Heart Failure
Authors: Abshire Saylor Martha , DeGroot Lyndsay , Pavlovic Noelle , McIlvennan Colleen K. , Taylor Janiece , Gilotra Nisha A. , Gallo Joseph J. , Davidson Patricia M. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Szanton Sarah L. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Caregiving for persons with heart failure (HF) varies based on the individual, family, and home contexts of the dyad, yet the dyadic context of HF caregiving is poorly understood.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore dyadic perspectives on the context of caregiving for persons with HF.

Methods
Family caregivers and persons with HF completed surveys and semistructured interviews. Investigators also photographed caregiving areas to complement home environment data. Descriptive qualitative analysis resulted in 7 contextual domains, and each domain was rated as strength, need, or neutral. We grouped dyads by number of challenging domains of context, categorizing dyads as high (≥3 domains), moderate (1–2 domains), or minimal (0 domains) needs. Quantitative instruments included the 36-item Short Form Health Survey, ENRICHD Social Support, HF Symptom Severity, and Zarit Burden Interview. We applied the average score of each quantitative measure to the groups derived from the qualitative analysis to integrate data in a joint display.

Results
The most common strength was the dyadic relationship, and the most challenging domain was caregiving intensity. Every dyad had at least 2 domains of strengths. Of 12 dyads, high-needs dyads (n = 3) had the worst average score for 7 of 10 instruments including caregiver and patient factors. The moderate-needs dyads (n = 6) experienced the lowest caregiver social support and mental health, and the highest burden.

Conclusion
Strengths and needs were evident in all patient-caregiver dyads with important distinctions in levels of need based on assessment of multiple contextual domains. Comprehensive dyadic and home assessments may improve understanding of unmet needs and improve intervention tailoring.
An Assessment of Clinical Mentorship for Quality Improvement: The African Health Professions Regional Collaborative for Nurses and Midwives
Authors: Drayton Courtney S. , Spangler Sydney A. , Lipato Thoko , Robinson Marissa , Mukenge Muadi , Waudo Agnes N. , Gross Jessica 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The African Regional Collaborative for nurses and midwives funded quality improvement projects in five countries to enhance clinical mentorship programs supporting HIV service delivery for women, infants, and children. Each country team implemented specific interventions focused on the application of nurse-initiated and managed antiretroviral therapy guidelines and competencies. A site-level tool, the nursing practice framework, measured structural maturation in clinical mentorship programs across five stages at eight facilities. Clinical competencies that aligned with the framework were evaluated through a provider-level knowledge assessment to identify on-going needs for mentees before and after the implementation period. Key trends observed in the assessment include positive program progression for all facilities; competencies were higher for pregnant and breastfeeding women and lower for HIV-exposed infants; there was an increase in posttest participation for all facilities. The nursing practice framework provides a rapid assessment of structural changes and exploration of context to identify quality improvement needs.
Genetically proxied therapeutic effect of metformin use, blood pressure and hypertension’s risk: A drug-target based Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Jiang Junhong , Hu Di , Zhang Qi , Lin Zenan ,   The μ- Biomedical Data Investigation Group (Mu-BioDig)
Published: April 2023

AbstractAIMSPrevious investigations on clarifying the metformin’s effect on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension provided inconsistent results. To evaluate the association of the genetically proxied effect of metformin drug targets on BP and risk of hypertension through a drug-target Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.METHODS32 instrumental variables for five metformin targets (i.e., AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), mitochondrial glycerol 3 (MG3), Mitochondrial complex I (MCI) and glucagon (GCG)) were introduced to the MR analysis on the outcome datasets of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). The meta-analyses were conducted to acquire the general effect of the genetically proxied metformin use on hypertension risk and blood pressure.RESULTSThe MR analyses demonstrated that the MCI- and MG3-specific metformin’s use would significantly reduce SBP, DBP, and the risk of hypertension. The meta-analyses showed that the genetically proxied metformin’s use equivalent to a 6.75 mmol/mol reduction on HbA1c could decrease both the SBP (Beta=-1.05, P <0.001) and DBP (Beta=-0.51, P=0.096). Furthermore, metformin’s use was also implied to reduce the risk of hypertension in two independent cohorts.CONCLUSIONSMetformin use may reduce blood pressure and hypertension risk. The MG3- and MCI-dependent metformin’s effect may play key roles in the anti-hypertension function.
The impact of rural alimentation on community health workers’ motivation and retention in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kerketta Ajit , A.N Raghavendra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCommunity Health Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in delivering primary healthcare services in rural areas of Jharkhand, India. However, high attrition rates among CHWs have been reported due to several factors, including low motivation. This study aimed to assess the impact of rural alimentation on CHWs’ motivation and retention in Jharkhand. The study used a qualitative case research technique to understand the experiences and services provided by healthcare professionals working in rural health clinics in Jharkhand.The study found that CHWs with a diverse and nutritious diet were more motivated to serve in rural Community Health Centers (CHCs). CHWs reported better environmental and organic food habits, increased energy levels, and a sense of well-being after incorporating local and traditional foods into their diet. The study also found that providing food supplements and nutrition education improved CHWs’ knowledge and confidence in promoting healthy eating habits among the rural population. The findings suggest that rural alimentation can play a vital role in improving CHWs’ motivation and retention, ultimately leading to better healthcare outcomes for rural communities. Therefore, policymakers and healthcare managers should consider incorporating food and nutrition interventions as part of the CHWs’ support package to improve their well-being and performance in delivering healthcare services in rural areas of Jharkhand.
Use of Artificial Intelligence for Acquisition of Limited Echocardiograms: A Randomized Controlled Trial for Educational Outcomes
Authors: Baum Evan , Tandel Megha D. , Ren Casey , Weng Yingjie , Pascucci Matthew , Kugler John , Cardoza Kathryn , Kumar Andre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) machines may utilize artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance image interpretation and acquisition. This study investigates whether AI-enabled devices improve competency among POCUS novices.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial at a single academic institution from 2021-2022. Internal medicine trainees (N=43) with limited POCUS experience were randomized to receive a POCUS device with (Echonous, N=22) or without (Butterfly, N=21) AI-functionality for two weeks while on an inpatient rotation. The AI-device provided automatic labeling of cardiac structures, guidance for optimal probe placement to acquire cardiac views, and ejection fraction estimations. Participants were allowed to use the devices at their discretion for patient-related care.The primary outcome was the time to acquire an apical 4-chamber (A4C) image. Secondary outcomes included A4C image quality using the modified Rapid Assessment for Competency in Echocardiography (RACE) scale, correct identification of pathology, and participant attitudes. Measurements were performed at the time of randomization and at two-week follow-up. All scanning assessments were performed on the same standardized patient.ResultsBoth AI and non-AI groups had similar scan times and image quality scores at baseline. At follow-up, the AI group had faster scan times (72 seconds [IQR 38-85] vs. 85 seconds [IQR 54-166]; p=0.01), higher image quality scores (4.5 [IQR 2-5.5] vs. 2 [IQR 1-3]; p<0.01) and correctly identified reduced systolic function more often (85% vs 50%; p=0.02) compared to the non-AI group. Trust in the AI features did not differ between the groups pre- or post-intervention. The AI group did not report increased confidence in their abilities to obtain or interpret cardiac images.ConclusionsPOCUS devices with AI features may improve image acquisition and interpretation by novices. Future studies are needed to determine the extent that AI impacts POCUS learning.