bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus on technical procedures for simulation-based training in thoracic surgery: an international needs assessment
Authors: Haidari Tamim Ahmad , Nayahangan Leizl Joy , Bjerrum Flemming , Hansen Henrik Jessen , Konge Lars , Massard Gilbert , Batirel Hasan Fevzi , Novoa Nuria Maria , Milton Richard Stephen , Petersen René Horsleben ,   participants Delphi, Brunelli Alessandro , Ruffini Enrico , Decaluwe Herbert , Schreurs Hermien , Szanto Zalan , Healy David Gerard , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Steup Willem-Hans , Vannucci Fernando , Chida Masayuki , Cao Christopher , Fang Wentao , Kohno Tadasu , Gossot Dominique , Batchelor Tim , Lau Kelvin , Baste Jean-Marc , Stiles Brendon Matthew , Renyi-Vamos Ferenc , Sokolow Youri , Cardillo Giuseppe , Bendixen Morten , Christensen Thomas Decker , Stenger Michael , Ng Calvin S H 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To identify and prioritize technical procedures for simulation-based training to be integrated into the thoracic surgical curriculum.

METHODS
A 3-round Delphi survey was conducted from February 2022 to June 2022 among 34 key opinion leaders in thoracic surgery from 14 countries worldwide. The 1st round was a brainstorming phase to identify technical procedures that a newly qualified thoracic surgeon should be able to perform. All the suggested procedures were categorized, qualitatively analysed and sent to the 2nd round. The second round investigated: the frequency of the identified procedure at each institution, the number of thoracic surgeons that should be able to perform these procedures, the degree of risk to the patient if the procedure is performed by a non-competent thoracic surgeon and the feasibility of simulation-based education. In the 3rd round, elimination and re-ranking of the procedures from the 2nd round were performed.

RESULTS
Response rates in the 3 iterative rounds were 80% (28 out of 34), 89% (25 out of 28) and 100% (25 out of 25) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd round, respectively. Seventeen technical procedures were included for simulation-based training in the final prioritized list. The top 5 procedures were Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) lobectomy, VATS segmentectomy, VATS mediastinal lymph node dissection, diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery port placement, robotic-assisted thoracic surgery docking and undocking.

CONCLUSIONS
The prioritized list of procedures represents a consensus of key thoracic surgeons worldwide. These procedures are suitable for simulation-based training and should be integrated in the thoracic surgical curriculum.
The ultra-acute steroid response to traumatic injury: a cohort study
Authors: Bentley Conor , Hazeldine Jon , Bravo Laura , Taylor Angela E , Gilligan Lorna C , Shaheen Fozia , Acharjee Animesh , Gkoutos George , Foster Mark A , Arlt Wiebke , Lord Janet M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTrauma-induced steroid changes have been studied post-hospital admission, resulting in a lack of understanding of the speed and extent of the immediate endocrine response to injury. The Golden Hour study was designed to capture the ultra-acute response to traumatic injury.DesignWe conducted an observational cohort study including adult male trauma patients &lt;60 years, with blood samples drawn ≤1 h of major trauma by pre-hospital emergency responders.MethodsWe recruited 31 adult male trauma patients (mean age 28 [range 19-59] years) with a mean injury severity score (ISS) of 16 (IQR 10-21). The median time to first sample was 35 (range 14-56) min, with follow-up samples collected 4-12 and 48-72 h post-injury. Serum steroids in patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 34) were analysed by tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsWithin 1 h of injury, we observed an increase in glucocorticoid and adrenal androgen biosynthesis. Cortisol and 11-hydroxyandrostendione increased rapidly, whilst cortisone and 11-ketoandrostenedione decreased, reflective of increased cortisol and 11-oxygenated androgen precursor biosynthesis by 11β-hydroxylase and increased cortisol activation by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Active classic gonadal androgens testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone decreased, whilst the active 11-oxygenated androgen 11-ketotestosterone maintained pre-injury levels.ConclusionsChanges in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism occur within minutes of traumatic injury. Studies that address whether ultra-early changes in steroid metabolism are associated with patient outcomes are now required.
The Catholic church and regional governance in west Africa
Authors: Iheduru Okechukwu C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
‘Catholic regionalism’ in west Africa exemplifies the capacity of theological claims and theologically informed actors to influence regional governance and international affairs. It is driven by four mutually reinforcing factors: interfaith competition for policy influence and followership, shrinking domestic political space for civil society organizations (CSOs), and de-secularization/counter-secularization pressures (all of which have substantially diminished the church's erstwhile influence); as well as Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) reforms granting ‘access’ to CSOs in regional policy. Through a strategy of ‘fateful compromise’ with regional states, the church has, more than its counterparts, developed substantial capacity to influence how regional integration organizations frame and implement policy in Africa. The empirical evidence is derived from fieldwork interviews on the activities of church leaders, namely the bishops represented by the Regional Catholic Episcopal Conference of West Africa (RECOWA); the Catholic bishops’ conferences in Ghana and Nigeria, where interfaith hegemonic competition is most intense; and ECOWAS Commission bureaucrats. The article enriches the ‘new regionalism’ framework with a template to better understand the regional governance activities of Africa's faith-based actors; and contributes to the literature by introducing the concept of ‘fateful compromise’ suggesting multiple trajectories in church-state relations, contrary to the presumption of inevitable ‘elite cooptation’ of social forces as the only option for inclusive or collaborative governance in societies experiencing regression in democracy.
Women, Peace and Security in central Europe: in between the western agenda and Russian imperialism
Authors: O'Sullivan Míla , Krulišová Kateřina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although firmly established as a global norm, the Women, Peace and Security Agenda (WPS) has been largely driven by the global North attempting to solve insecurities in the global South. Postcolonial feminist research shows that this western-centrism and colonial legacies continue to dominate both WPS practices and knowledge production. This article focuses on WPS in central Europe, a previously ignored ‘non-region’ that remains outside the North–South divide. Combining postcolonial and decolonial approaches with feminist institutionalism, we interrogate what WPS becomes in the Czech, Polish and Slovakian contexts characterized by illiberal populist and anti-gender governance and politics. Building on interviews with key stakeholders, on document analysis and our own encounters, we argue that the three countries understand WPS as key to their western belongingness and reliability as international partners. As a result, they replicate rather than challenge ‘western’ WPS thinking. The resulting National Action Plans are centred around women's participation and security problems ‘out there’. This lack of localization enables them to stay immune to the anti-gender alliances, but limits the engagement of feminist civil society. Amidst Russian imperial aggression, central Europe's WPS agendas serve as mere paper tigers and are failing to address the multitude of domestic and regional gendered insecurities.
Buffer zones and international rivalry: internal and external geographic separation mechanisms
Authors: Atzili Boaz , Kim Min Jung 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The recent Russian invasion of Ukraine has led many commentators to remark that ‘geopolitics is back’. And with geopolitics, the interest in buffer zones is back as well. Yet, International Relations scholarship on buffer zones is confusing and outdated. Scholars disagree on the definition of buffer zones and whether such zones are a vestige of the great power politics of the past or a continuous phenomenon. In this article, we take three steps to reconceptualize buffer zones and their role in international relations. First, we clarify the conceptual confusion by advancing a new definition differentiating between nominal and active buffer zones. Second, we make the case that buffer states and internal buffer zones (i.e., geographic borderlands located within states in rivalry, adjacent to the international borders between the two rivals) share much in common and therefore should be analysed in tandem. Third, we offer a typology of buffer zones with short case-studies based on the dyadic relations of rival states vis-à-vis buffer zones between them. Our goal is to provide a new analytical framework that can serve as a base for a robust research agenda on the role of buffer zones in regional and international stability and security.
A mathematical model integrates diverging PXY and MP interactions in cambium development
Authors: Bagdassarian Kristine S , Etchells J Peter , Savage Natasha S 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe cambium is a secondary meristematic tissue in plant stems, roots and hypocotyls. Here, cell divisions occur that are required for radial growth. In most species that undergo secondary growth, daughters of cell divisions within the cambium differentiate into woody xylem cells towards the inside of the stem, or phloem towards the outside. As such, a pattern of xylem-cambium-phloem is present along the radial axis of all secondary vascular tissues, whether in stem, hypocotyl or root. A ligand-receptor tracheary element, trans-differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF)-PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM (PXY) promotes cell division in the cambium, as do the phytohormones, cytokinin and auxin. An auxin response factor, MONOPTEROS (MP), has been proposed to initiate cambial cell divisions by promoting PXY expression, however, MP has also been reported to repress cambial cell divisions later in development where TDIF-PXY complexes are also reported to suppress MP activity. Here, we used a mathematical modelling approach to investigate how MP cell division-promoting activity and cell division-repressing activity might be integrated into the same network as a negative feedback loop. In our model, this feedback loop improved the ability of the cambium to pattern correctly and was found to be required for normal patterning as the stability of MP was increased. The implications of this model in early and late cambium development are discussed.
Evaluation of high-protein diets differing in protein source in healthy adult dogs
Authors: Sieja Kelly M , Oba Patrícia M , Applegate Catherine C , Pendlebury Christine , Kelly Janelle , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven the dynamic market for protein-based ingredients in the pet food industry, demand continues to increase for both plant- and animal-based options. Protein sources contain different amino acid (AA) profiles and vary in digestibility, affecting protein quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of canine diets differing in protein source and test their effects on serum metabolites and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs consuming them. Four extruded diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and meet the nutrient needs for adult dogs at maintenance, with the primary difference being protein source: 1) fresh deboned, dried, and spray-dried chicken (DC), 2) chicken by-product meal (CBPM), 3) wheat gluten meal (WGM), and 4) corn gluten meal (CGM). Twelve adult spayed female beagles (body weight [BW] = 9.9 ± 1.0 kg; age = 6.3 ± 1.1 yr) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design (n = 12/treatment). Each period consisted of a 22-d adaptation phase, 5 d for fecal collection, and 1 d for blood collection. Fecal microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME 2.2020.8. All other data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS version 9.4. Fecal scores were higher (P &lt; 0.05; looser stools) in dogs fed DC or CBPM than those fed WGM or CGM, but all remained within an appropriate range. Dry matter ATTD was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed CBPM or CGM than those fed DC or WGM. Crude protein ATTD was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed DC or CGM than those fed WGM. Dogs fed CBPM had lower (P &lt; 0.05) organic matter, crude protein, and energy ATTD than those fed the other diets. Fecal indole was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed CBPM than those fed WGM. Fecal short-chain fatty acids were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed DC than those fed CGM. Fecal branched-chain fatty acids were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed DC or CBPM than those fed WGM. Fecal ammonia was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed DC or CBPM than those fed WGM or CGM. The relative abundances of three bacterial phyla and nine bacterial genera were shifted among treatment groups (P &lt; 0.05). Considering AA profiles and digestibility data, the DC diet protein sources provided the highest quality protein without additional AA supplementation, but the animal-based protein diets resulted in higher fecal proteolytic metabolites. Further studies evaluating moderate dietary protein concentrations are needed to better compare plant- and animal-based protein sources.
Effects of Ca2+ ions on the horseshoe crab coagulation cascade triggered by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Yamashita Keisuke , Takahashi Daisuke , Yamamoto Yuki , Kiyomoto Shingo , Shibata Toshio , Kawabata Shun-ichiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered horseshoe crab coagulation cascade is composed of three protease zymogens, prochelicerase C (proC), prochelicerase B (proB) and the proclotting enzyme (proCE). In this study, we found that Ca 2+ ions increase the production of the clotting enzyme as a result of a cascade reaction reconstituted by recombinant proteins of wild-type (WT) proC, WT proB and WT proCE. We divided the cascade into three stages: autocatalytic activation of WT proC on the surface of LPS into WT α-chelicerase C (Stage 1); activation of WT proB on the surface of LPS into WT chelicerase B by WT α-chelicerase C (Stage 2) and activation of WT proce into WT CE by chelicerase B (Stage 3). Ca2+ ions enhanced the proteolytic activation in Stage 2, but not those in Stages 1 and 3. Moreover, we performed isothermal titration calorimetry to clarify the interaction of LPS or the recombinant zymogens with Ca2+ ions. LPS interacted with Ca2+ ions at an association constant of Ka = 4.7 × 104 M−1, but not with any of the recombinant zymogens. We concluded that LPS bound with Ca2+ ions facilitates the chain reaction of the cascade as a more efficient scaffold than LPS itself.
A successful endoscopic extraction of accidently ingested toothbrush in an adult: a case report
Authors: Al-Mulla Ahmad Essam , Buhamad Fatemah , Marafie Hawraa Fadel , Al Khalifa Fatema 
Published: February 2023

AbstractToothbrush ingestion is a rare phenomenon. It is usually found in psychiatric, elderly and mentally disabled patients. Foreign bodies usually pass spontaneously and uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, larger objects may require early intervention to avoid complications. This report describes the course of treatment for a 25-year-old woman with an accidentally ingested toothbrush.
Gallbladder volvulus with preoperative and intraoperative imaging
Authors: Beatty Andrew Stafford , Kulendran Krish , Iswariah Harish , Chandrasegaram Manju D 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVolvulus of the gallbladder is one of the rarest conditions to affect the gallbladder, however, it should remain an important differential. Typically, it is diagnosed in elderly women, but it has also been reported in children and men. The lack of unique distinguishing features make diagnosis difficult to distinguish between other gallbladder pathology such as acute cholecystitis; however, delayed recognition or non-operative management is associated with higher mortality. We present the case of a 92-year-old woman who presented with this pathology, had diagnosis established preoperatively and was successfully treated with a cholecystectomy.
Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome due to nesidioblastosis following bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Gottsponer Josephine A , Baker David L , Osborn Tamara , Estrada Martha M , Giorgakis Emmanouil , Burdine Lyle J , Patel Raj B 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA 56-year-old woman with past medical history significant for bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 3 years prior presented for evaluation of an 8-month history of severe hypoglycemia relieved by intake of carbohydrates associated with syncopal episodes. Inpatient workup revealed endogenous hyperinsulinemia concerning for insulinoma vs. nesidioblastosis. She successfully underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure), and pathology report confirmed scattered low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia within the pancreatic parenchyma consistent with nesidioblastosis. The patient has had satisfactory control of glucose levels 30 days out from surgery.
The Religious Adequacy of a Euteleological Theism
Authors: Bishop John , Perszyk Ken 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the first of two topics which seem to present the biggest obstacles to the religious adequacy of a euteleological theism: can it adequately explain evil in a world it claims exists to realize the supreme good? The classical ‘privationist’ account of evil (as the absence of the good there ought to be) is endorsed. It is argued that there is a viable power-of-love soteriology (and realized eschatology) according to which, while there is no guarantee of an ultimate, incorruptibly perfect, fulfilment of creation’s overall purpose, there is still a meaningful victory of good over evil. Even so, a euteleological theism faces intellectual problems of evil. If evil is the privation of the good there ought to be, there is no outright logical inconsistency in evil’s existence in a world that satisfies euteleological theism. Yet it still needs explaining how the evils that actually occur could arise if the Universe exists to realize the supreme good. A euteleological ‘theodicy’ is proposed, using themes familiar from speculative theodicy, according to which (for all we know) the processes required for concretely realizing the supreme good may inherently have limitations which make it statistically, though not logically, inevitable that evils occur. The kind of radical analogizing proposed in the previous chapter blocks the extension of the standard ‘logical’ Argument from Evil to a euteleological theism. The chapter ends with remarks on how a euteleological theism views the phenomenon of good that emerges from evil.
Conclusion
Authors: Nicholson Emma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The conclusion draws all the discussions in the previous chapters together, comments on Polybius’ use of his sources and asserts that through this re-evaluation of the Histories the historical Philip comes across as more consistent, rational, and even positive than some have allowed. It reinforces our need to be far more cautious in the way we handle Polybius’ work and emphasises the fact that we cannot take his portrait of the Macedonian king, the Greeks, or the Romans at face value. The picture of Philip V that comes down to us is heavily influenced by Polybius’ own politics, historiographical aims, and didactic intention; the king is the construct of a Greek historian who had witnessed and experienced the dominance of Macedon, and who needed to understand and explain why such a powerful state could not withstand the rise of Rome. It concludes that while Polybius did not construct a narrative based on falsehoods, the way that he interprets the evidence produces an impression of the king that is to some extent inescapably artificial and misleading.
Between Upholding the Rule of Law and Maintaining Security
Authors: Afandi Fachrizal , Bedner Adriaan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how the post-1998 constitutional amendments have failed to change the mode of operation of the police and public prosecutors. The values underlying the present criminal justice system still emphasize crime control and maintaining public order rather than due process. Suspects and defendants have few rights, the institutional mechanisms to uphold these rights are weak, and the police prefer to ignore them. Like many other countries, Indonesia increasingly relies on criminal law to regulate society, which leads to high rates of arrest, prosecution, conviction, and incarceration. How successful the system has been in this respect is demonstrated by the staggering rise of the number of prisoners and the overcrowding of prisons. On top of that, police and prosecutors have remained an instrument of the government to secure its political interests. As a result, Indonesia looks more like an authoritarian state than a state under the rule of law.
Epilogue
Authors: Svard Lois 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Music is a social glue that promotes connectedness, as became apparent during the coronavirus pandemic. Why did everyone turn to music for comfort and connection? The answer can perhaps be found in our prehistoric ancestors, for whom a form of music, a proto-musical language, was important for building group cohesion, for bonding against a common enemy, and for cooperation in the daily tasks of survival. We have inherited the need for, and our brains have evolved to support, social bonding through music. Researchers who study the neurochemistry of music have found that some of the same neurochemical processes in the brain that support music-making also support pro-social behavior. Electrical activity in the form of brain waves sync between performers, between performer and listener, and among listeners, promoting social bonding. When we make music together, we synchronize movement, and that has also been shown to promote pro-social behavior. Evidence of music promoting pro-social behavior can be seen in organizations such as the Dallas Street Choir where the homeless find support in making music together, and in community programs such as Harmony Project in which students from rival cultures (gangs) learn to work together for a common goal—making music.
The Roots of Culpable Ignorance
Authors: Peels Rik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the roots or origins of culpable ignorance. First, it spells out what culpability is. After that, a particular way is sketched of thinking about responsibility for belief and for ignorance, namely, the Influence View. On this view, we are responsible for our doxastic attitudes because of the influence we have on them via various belief-influencing actions rather than directly or indirectly controlling them (we normally cannot intentionally bring them about). Subsequently, the Influence View is contrasted with its two main rival views: doxastic compatibilism and attributionism. Next, the Origination Thesis is laid out, which is a particular view on the roots of culpable ignorance. The Origination Thesis is then qualified by showing that culpable ignorance has in fact three distinct roots or origins. Finally, the chapter elaborates on the ramifications of this particular view for various debates in philosophy, including the issue of whether culpable ignorance can excuse.