bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When good signatures go bad: Applying hydrologic signatures in large sample studies
Authors: McMillan Hilary , Coxon Gemma , Araki Ryoko , Salwey Saskia , Kelleher Christa , Zheng Yanchen , Knoben Wouter , Gnann Sebastian , Seibert Jan , Bolotin Lauren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrologic signatures are quantitative metrics that describe streamflow statistics and dynamics. Signatures have many applications, including assessing habitat suitability and hydrologic alteration, calibrating and evaluating hydrologic models, defining similarity between watersheds and investigating watershed processes. Increasingly, signatures are being used in large sample studies to guide flow management and modelling at continental scales. Using signatures in studies involving 1000s of watersheds brings new challenges as it becomes impractical to examine signature parameters and behaviour in each watershed. For example, we might wish to check that signatures describing flood event characteristics have correctly identified event periods, that signature values have not been biassed by data errors, or that human and natural influences on signature values have been correctly interpreted. In this commentary, we draw from our collective experience to present case studies where naïve application of signatures fails to correctly identify streamflow dynamics. These include unusual precipitation or flow regimes, data quality issues, and signature use in human‐influenced watersheds. We conclude by providing guidance and recommendations on applying signatures in large sample studies.
The impact of the temporal sequence of cranial radiotherapy and platin‐based chemotherapy on hearing impairment in pediatric and adolescent CNS and head‐and‐neck cancer patients: A report from the PanCareLIFE consortium
Authors: Scobioala Sergiu , Parfitt Ross , Matulat Peter , Byrne Julianne , Langer Thorsten , Troschel Fabian M. , Hesping Amélie E. , Clemens Eva , Kaatsch Peter , Grabow Desiree , Kaiser Melanie , Spix Claudia , Kremer Leontien C. , Calaminus Gabriele , Baust Katja , Kuehni Claudia E. , Weiss Annette , Strebel Sven , Kuonen Rahel , Elsner Susanne , Haupt Riccardo , Garré Maria‐Luisa , Gruhn Bernd , Kepak Tomas , Kepakova Katerina , Winther Jeanette Falck , Kenborg Line , Rechnitzer Catherine , Hasle Henrik , Kruseova Jarmila , Luks Ales , Lackner Herwig , Bielack Stefan , Beck Jörn‐Dirk , Jürgens Heribert , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Zolk Oliver , Eich Hans Theodor , am Zehnhoff‐Dinnesen Antoinette ,   the PanCareLIFE Consortium
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe impact of the temporal sequence by which cranial radiotherapy (CRT) and platin‐based chemotherapy (PCth) are administered on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in pediatric and adolescent central nervous system (CNS) and head‐and‐neck (HN) cancer patients has not yet been studied in detail. We examined the ototoxic effects of sequentially applied CRT and PCth. This study included children and adolescents with CNS and HN tumors who participated in the multicountry PanCareLIFE (PCL) consortium. Audiological outcomes were compared between patients who received CRT prior to PCth and those who received it afterwards. The incidence, degree and posttreatment progression of SNHL, defined as Muenster classification grade ≥MS2b, were evaluated in 141 patients. One hundred and nineteen patients were included in a time‐to‐onset analysis. Eighty‐eight patients received CRT prior to PCth (Group 1) and 53 patients received PCth before CRT (Group 2). Over a median follow‐up time of 1.6 years, 72.7% of patients in Group 1 experienced SNHL ≥ MS2b compared to 33.9% in Group 2 (P < .01). A time‐to‐onset analysis was performed for 74 patients from Group 1 and 45 patients from Group 2. Median time to hearing loss (HL) ≥ MS2b was 1.2 years in Group 1 and 4.4 years in Group 2 (P < .01). Thus, audiological outcomes were better for patients who received CRT after PCth than before. This finding should be further evaluated and considered within clinical practice in order to minimize hearing loss in children and adolescents with CNS and HN tumors.
Weight‐based versus fixed dose oxytocin infusion for preventing uterine atony during cesarean section in laboring patients: A randomized trial
Authors: Tyagi Asha , Bodh Poonam , Mohta Medha , Gupta Bindiya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe compared efficacy of weight‐based (0.4 IU/kg/h) versus fixed‐dose (34 IU/h) oxytocin infusion during cesarean section.MethodsThe oxytocin infusion in either group (n = 32 each) was initiated upon cord clamping. Primary outcome measure was adequacy of uterine tone at 4 min after initiating oxytocin infusion. Oxytocin associated side effects were also observed.ResultsSignificantly less oxytocin was used with the weight‐based versus fixed‐dose regimen (16.3 [11.2–22.4] IU vs 20.4 [15.8–26.9] IU; P = 0.036). Incidence of adequate uterine tone was clinically greater but not significantly different with the weight‐based versus fixed‐dose regimen (81.3% vs 71.9%; P = 0.376). The weight‐based regimen was associated with clinically lesser, although not statistically significant need for rescue oxytocin (25% vs 46.9%; P = 0.068) and additional uterotonic (9.4% vs 15.6%; P = 0.708); as well as oxytocin associated side effects (hypotension [34.4% vs 46.9%; P = 0.309], nausea/vomiting [18.8% vs 40.6%; P = 0.055], and ST‐T changes [0% vs 3.1%; P = 1.000]).ConclusionWeight‐based oxytocin was not significantly different from the fixed‐dose regimen in terms of uterotonic efficacy or associated side‐effects, despite significantly lower doses being used. Use of weight‐based oxytocin infusion (0.4 IU/kg/h) can be considered in clinical practice.Trial RegistrationClinical Trial Registry of India (ctri.nic.in, number. CTRI/2021/01/030642).
Informing sustainable development in education: Identification and actualization of layered IS affordances
Authors: Valbø Bjørnar , Sanner Terje Aksel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper reports from a qualitative case study in the Gambian education sector. The study applies an affordance perspective to the ongoing strengthening of the national education management information system. Our analysis distinguishes between micro‐level technology‐use affordances (e.g., civil servants using IT for data capture and reporting), meso‐level information system (IS) affordances (e.g., data‐driven decision making at the organizational level), and macro‐level affordances, which include policy interventions to ensure the attainment of education sector goals. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, the paper introduces a stepwise framework for IS affordance identification in terms of granularity levels (micro, meso and macro). Second, the paper outlines how use of IT at the micro‐level allows for the actualization of meso‐level IS affordances, which in turn serve as a foundation for the articulation of higher‐level interventions. Far too often, ICT for development (ICT4D) projects focus on putting technology in the hands of users with the assumption that “better data” will drive development. The significant work involved in identifying and actualizing meso‐level IS affordances is often not explicated and recognized in related plans and budgets. By highlighting meso‐level IS affordance actualizations, the paper explicates the link between public sector IT adoption and use and intended societal‐level impact, which remains a key policy and research concern.
A user's guide to degradation testing of polyethylene glycol‐based hydrogels: From in vitro to in vivo studies
Authors: Rodriguez‐Rivera Gabriel J. , Green Mykel , Shah Vani , Leyendecker Kathleen , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogels have gained significant attention in the field of biomedical applications due to their versatility and antifouling properties. Acrylate‐derivatized PEG hydrogels (PEGDA) are some of the most widely studied hydrogels; however, there has been debate around the degradation mechanism and predicting resorption rates. Several factors influence the degradation rate of PEG hydrogels, including backbone and endgroup chemistry, macromer molecular weight, and polymer concentration. In addition to hydrogel parameters, it is necessary to understand the influence of biological and environmental conditions (e.g., pH and temperature) on hydrogel degradation. Rigorous methods for monitoring degradation in both in vitro and in vivo settings are also critical to hydrogel design and development. Herein, we provide guidance on tailoring PEG hydrogel chemistry to achieve target hydrolytic degradation kinetics for both resorbable and biostable applications. A detailed overview of accelerated testing methods and hydrogel degradation characterization is provided to aid researchers in experimental design and interpreting in vitro–in vivo correlations necessary for predicting hydrogel device performance.
A robust classification of acute lymphocytic leukemia‐based microscopic images with supervised Hilbert‐Huang transform
Authors: Elrefaie Reem Magdy , Mohamed Mohamed A. , Marzouk Elsaid A. , Ata Mohamed Maher 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant condition characterized by the development of blast cells in the bone marrow and their quick dissemination into the bloodstream. It primarily affects children and individuals over the age of 60. Manual blood testing, which has been around for a long time, may be slow. The likelihood of recognizing ALL in its early stages was increased by automating the diagnosis. This research developed an improved criterion for classifying ALL microscopic images into two categories: normal images and blast images. First, to save processing time, innovative image preprocessing techniques were employed to gather data for data augmentation, enhancement, and conversion. The K‐means clustering technique was also utilized to effectively segment the relevant nuclei from the background. Furthermore, the most salient features were extracted using an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based on the Hilbert‐Huang transform. MATLAB functions such as principal component analysis, gray level co‐occurrence matrix, local binary pattern, shape features, discrete cosine transform, discrete Fourier transform, discrete wavelet transform, and independent component analysis have been used and compared with EMD. The Bayesian regularization (BR) method has been implemented in the neural networks (NNs) classifier. Along with NNs, other classifiers such as support vector machine, K‐nearest neighbors, random forest, naive Bayes, logistic regression, and decision tree have been used, evaluated, and contrasted with NNs. According to experimental findings, the ALL‐IDB2 (Image Database 2) dataset's NNs‐based‐EMD model classified objects with an accuracy of 98.7%, sensitivity of 99.3%, and specificity of 98.1%.Research Highlights
Implement a robust method for classifying normal and blast ALL images in the state of the art using the combination of the BR algorithm and the neural networks classifier.
Perform robust data processing via data augmentation and conversion from RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) image LAB (Luminosity, A: color space, B: color space) image.
Extract the nuclei correctly from the background image using k‐means clustering.
Extract the most salient features from the segmented images using EMD in the state of the art of HHT.
Interpretation of ambiguous TP53 test results: Mosaicism, clonal hematopoiesis, and variants of uncertain significance
Authors: Berry Darcy K. , Gillis Nancy , Padron Eric , Moore Colin , Barton Laura V. , Gewandter Kathleen R. , Haskins Carolyn G. , Knepper Todd C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe increased use of next‐generation sequencing has led to the detection of pathogenic TP53 variants in the germline setting in patients without a personal or family history consistent with Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). These variants can represent low‐penetrance LFS, mosaic LFS, or clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Additionally, TP53 variants of uncertain significance can be detected in patients with a history suspicious for LFS. The interpretation of the significance of these variants can be challenging but is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate medical management. This retrospective case review provides illustrative examples of the interpretation of challenging TP53 results through multidisciplinary expertise and use of a flowchart. The authors describe eight patients with TP53 variants associated with ambiguous diagnoses and, for each case, describe how the results were interpreted and the medical care that was implemented. This report presents illustrative cases to help guide clinicians to reach definitive diagnoses for patients when confronted with TP53 variants that are inconsistent with the clinical picture and to add to the body of literature regarding interpretation and medical management of TP53 variants discovered on germline testing.
A signature based on neutrophil extracellular trap‐related genes for the assessment of prognosis, immunoinfiltration, mutation and therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Lijia , Wang Qi , Li Yuekao , Qi Xiaohui , Fan Xueli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLiver cancer is a highly lethal and aggressive form of cancer that poses a significant threat to patient survival. Within this category, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) represents the most common subtype of liver cancer. Despite decades of research and treatment, the overall survival rate for LIHC has not significantly improved. Improved models are necessary to differentiate high‐risk cases and predict possible treatment options for LIHC patients. Recent studies have identified a set of genes associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that may contribute to tumor growth and metastasis; however, their prognostic value in LIHC has yet to be established. This study aims to construct a prognostic signature based on a set of NET‐related genes (NRGs) for patients diagnosed with LIHC.MethodsThe transcriptomic data and clinical information concerning LIHC patients were procured from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium LIHC (ICLIHC) databases, respectively. To determine the NRG subtypes, the k‐means algorithm was employed, along with consensus clustering. The aforementioned analysis aided the construction of a prognostic signature utilizing the last absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox analysis. To validate the prognostic model, an external dataset, receiver operating characteristic curve, and principal component analysis were utilized. Moreover, the immune microenvironment and the proportion of immune cells between high‐ and low‐risk cases were scrutinized by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis was executed to investigate the potential mechanism of NRGs in the pathogenesis and prognosis of LIHC.ResultsTwo molecular subtypes of LIHC were identified based on the expression patterns of differentially expressed NRGs (DE‐NRGs). The two subtypes demonstrated significant differences in survival rates and immune cell expression levels. The study results demonstrated the role of NRGs in antigen presentation, which led to the promotion of tumor immune escape. A risk model was developed and validated with strong overall survival prediction ability. The model, comprising 34 NRGs, showed a strong ability to predict prognosis.ConclusionWe built a dependable prognostic signature based on NRGs for LIHC. We identified that NRGs could have a significant interaction in LIHC's immune microenvironment and therapeutic response. This finding offers insight into the molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy for LIHC.
The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 3—Summary of Imaging Findings on Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors
Authors: Park Yae Won , Vollmuth Philipp , Foltyn‐Dumitru Martha , Sahm Felix , Choi Kyu Sung , Park Ji Eun , Ahn Sung Soo , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon 
Published: September 2023

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors published in 2021 reflects the current transitional state between traditional classification system based on histopathology and the state‐of‐the‐art molecular diagnostics. This Part 3 Review focuses on the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors. Histological and molecular features in glioneuronal and neuronal tumors often overlap with pediatric‐type diffuse low‐grade gliomas and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas (discussed in the Part 2 Review). Due to this overlap, in several tumor types of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors the diagnosis may be inconclusive with histopathology and genetic alterations, and imaging features may be helpful to distinguish difficult cases. Thus, it is crucial for radiologists to understand the underlying molecular diagnostics as well as imaging findings for application on clinical practice.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3
From planned neck dissection to PET response to circulating tumour DNA: changes in post‐treatment assessment of HPV‐driven oropharyngeal cancer†
Authors: Post Carl M. , Ohaegbulam Kim C. , Mitin Timur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCirculating tumour human papillomavirus DNA (ctHPVDNA) is an emerging tool to assess post‐treatment response in patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Its use is not a standard practice, however, with interval F‐18 FDG PET/CT and fiberoptic examination preferred. Post‐treatment PET/CT at 3 months has a low positive predictive value (PPV), especially in patients with HPV+ OPSCC treated with (chemo)radiation therapy (CRT). We aimed to compare 3–6 month post‐treatment PET/CT and ctHPVDNA test results to determine the most effective option for post‐treatment response assessment.MethodsPatients with HPV+ OPSCC that underwent commercially available ctHPVDNA blood testing after curative intent treatment were identified. Demographic, clinical, treatment, surveillance and oncologic outcome information were collected for each patient. Specificity and false positive rate were calculated for post‐treatment PET/CT and ctHPVDNA.Results80% of patients had Stage I disease. 52% of the population was treated with definitive chemoradiation (43%) or accelerated radiation (9%), with the remaining patients treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) +/− risk‐adapted adjuvant therapy. In total, 25 patients underwent ctHPVDNA testing and PET/CT at 3–6 months after finishing treatment. At 3–6 months post‐treatment, specificity of ctHPVDNA and PET/CT was 96% and 56%, correlating to false positive rates of 4% and 44%, respectively.ConclusionsctHPVDNA is more reliable than PET/CT following treatment in patients with HPV+ OPSCC, and its incorporation in post‐treatment response assessment will decrease the rate of anxiety over persistent disease and lead to a decrease in unnecessary medical procedures, including completion of neck dissection.
A booster administration of the OKA/SK strain causes fatal disseminated varicella in an immunocompetent child
Authors: Kang Hyun Mi , Kang Kyu Ri , Kim Ye Ji , Kang Jin Han , Lee Soo‐Young 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLive varicella vaccines are known to provide robust immunity against varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections. However, problems with viral attenuation have led to pathogenic VZV vaccine strains causing varicella‐like rash and herpes zoster in immunocompetent children after immunization. We report the first fatal case of VZV infection caused by OKA/SK strain contained in the vaccine administrated as a booster shot in an immunocompetent child, which has been independently developed from any currently available varicella vaccines that are OKA strain or MAV/06 strain based. The patient died due to sudden pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage as a secondary complication of VZV pneumonitis. Sequencing of the four SNPs unique to the OKA/SK strain (SNP loci 14 035T; 32 626C; 58 777G; 70 319G) enabled discrimination of the strain responsible for the disseminated infection. OKA/SK strain does not have any SNPs in ORF62 postulated to be responsible for the attenuation of varicella vaccines which have been safely and effectively used world‐wide or locally, and exclusively enriches a virulent factor in ORF31 identified in parental OKA strain, thus possibly resulting in disseminated VZV infection leading to mortality. Therefore, actions need to be taken to prevent vaccine related morbidity and mortality in children.
Synoptic fingerprints of Zonda wind from a statistical prediction model
Authors: Otero Federico , Araneo Diego C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractZonda wind is a typical downslope windstorm over the eastern slopes of the Central Andes in Argentina, which produces extremely warm and dry conditions and has substantial socioeconomic impacts. In this study, we propose a new statistical model for Zonda prediction based on the “synoptic fingerprints” of atmospheric diagnostic variables from ERA5. The model combines principal component analysis (PCA) and logistic regression to establish a relationship between the observed occurrence and the PCA loading component of a predictor variable. This approach enables us to determine the probability of Zonda occurrence at selected stations and identify the synoptic structure features (fingerprints) associated with Zonda events. The obtained fields successfully discriminate between Zonda and non‐Zonda events, suggesting that the available information in the reanalysis data is sufficient for predicting the presence of Zonda. The synoptic fingerprints generated by the model reveal a cross‐barrier pressure gradient resulting from a negative geopotential height anomaly at low levels. The cross‐barrier flow remains unimpeded by the Andes, leading to forced vertical motions on the windward side, accompanied by cooling and precipitation. On the lee side, sinking motions, warming and drying are observed, further facilitated by favourable mid‐ and upper‐level conditions that establish the Zonda wind. The model performs comparably to previous research, with the best results achieved using low‐level variables as predictors. Key performance measures, including the area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) (AUC) of 0.9468 and a Brier score lower than 0.1, demonstrate the model's effectiveness. Using a 0.5 threshold, the accuracy, F1 score and correct alarm ratio (CAR) all exceed 88%, with a probability of detection (POD) higher than 90%. Studies on this type of downslope windstorm are scarce in South America, making this work a significant contribution to understanding synoptic‐scale atmospheric structures associated with Zonda occurrences.