bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of dependence of crystalline, morphological, optical and electrical properties on deposition time of sprayed SnS thin films
Authors: Messaoudi Meriem , Boudour Samah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present experimental work, Tin Sulphide (SnS) thin films with various thicknesses have been grown on nonconducting substrate by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique in order to study the extent of dependence of crystallite size, morphological and optical properties of SnS films on their deposition times. The obtained films were characterized using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–visible and Hall Effect measurements. From 15 min to 60 min with an increase of 15 min each time one of all films was deposited, the XRD analysis indicated that all four sprayed SnS films are mainly composed with orthorhombic SnS phase, having a growing dominant peak intensity (120), with increasing deposition time. In addition, the XRD revealed the presence of the Sn2S3 secondary phase in SnS film sprayed at the longest time (60 min). It was found that the measurements of crystallite size and microstrain are varied in the inverse manner throughout the deposition period. The SEM and AFM analysis revealed that the morphology of sprayed films have good surface coverage without pinholes or cracks. AFM analysis confirmed that the root‐mean‐square (RMS) roughness behavior of the sprayed films increases from 14.6 to 56.7 nm with increasing deposition time. Optical studies showed that the transmittance decreases with the deposition time increase, and the minimum value of Urbach energy was 360 meV for the film deposited at 45 min, showing an improvement of the SnS film crystallinity. In addition, the optical band gap values significantly increased from 0.69 to 2.10 eV by increasing the deposition time from 15 min to 60 min. The Hall Effect study showed that SnS thin films have p‐type conductivity. The lowest resistivity and higher carrier concentration were found to be 0.134 Ω cm and 8.15 × 1019 (ion/cm−3), respectively. These obtained results revealed that the deposition time interestingly affect the properties of sprayed SnS films, which would qualifying them to meet the requirements to be serve in different applications.
Risk Stratification and Overall Survival Prediction in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Based on Whole‐Volume MRI Radiomics
Authors: Chen Wujie , Gao Chen , Hu Can , Zheng Yao , Wang Lijing , Chen Haibo , Jiang Haitao 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe prognosis of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients has attracted much attention, but there is a lack of evaluation method. MRI‐based radiomics has the potential to evaluate AGC patients' prognosis.PurposeTo identify and validate the risk stratification and overall survival (OS) in AGC patients using MRI‐based radiomics.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of 233 patients (168 males, 63.6 ± 11.1 years; 65 females, 59.7 ± 11.8 years) confirmed AGC were collected. The data were randomly divided into a training (164) and validation set (69).SequenceA 3.0 T, axial T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (CE‐T1WI).AssessmentRadiologist 1 segmented 233 patients and radiologist 2 segmented randomly 50 patients on CE‐T1WI. The risk score (RS) was summed by each sample based on the radiomics features and correlation coefficients. Patients were followed up for 7–67 months (median 41; 138 dead and 95 alive).Statistical TestsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa value were calculated. Differences in survival analysis were assessed by Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank test. Cox‐regression analysis was performed to identify the radiomics features and clinical indicators associated with OS. The calibration curves were built to assess the model. A two‐tailed P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIntegrated with age, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and RS, a survival combined model was built. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting 3‐year and 5‐year OS was 0.765 and 0.788 in the training set, 0.757 and 0.729 in the validation set. There was no significant difference between the radiomics model and survival combined model for 3‐year (0.690 vs. 0.757, P = 0.425) and 5‐year OS (0.687 vs. 729, P = 0.412) in the validation set. The calibration curves showed a high degree of fit for the survival combined model.Data ConclusionThis study established a survival combined model that might help AGC patients in future clinical decision‐making.Evidence Level33Technical EfficacyStage 5
‘Having the mask on didn't worry me until … they clamped my head down so I wouldn't move’: A qualitative study exploring anxiety in patients with head and neck cancer during radiation therapy
Authors: Forbes Erin , Clover Kerrie , Baker Amanda L. , Britton Ben , Carlson Melissa , McCarter Kristen 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionMore than 20% of patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer report anxiety specifically related to the immobilisation mask, a tight‐fighting mask patients are required to wear for the duration of each treatment session. However, limited research has investigated this from the patient perspective. The aim of this study was to better understand patient experiences of mask anxiety during head and neck cancer radiation therapy and to explore patient attitudes toward potential strategies that may reduce mask anxiety during this treatment.MethodsFive patients with head and neck cancer, who had self‐reported mask anxiety during radiation therapy, participated in semi‐structured, qualitative interviews exploring their experiences of anxiety and suggestions for reducing anxiety. A codebook thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsSix main themes were identified: (1) triggers of anxiety; (2) adjusting to radiation therapy; (3) education about the mask; (4) coping; (5) motivation and (6) improving the patient experience.ConclusionFindings from these interviews provide valuable insight into how and when healthcare providers may be able to assist patients to manage mask anxiety. Recommendations include increased communication from health care providers; delivery of visual information to improve patient preparedness; exposure/opportunities to interact with the masks prior to treatment commencing and increased control of music/soundtrack selection. However, a limitation of this study is the small sample size and further research is warranted.
Cross‐sectional analysis reveals autoantibody signatures associated with COVID‐19 severity
Authors: Baiocchi Gabriela C. , Vojdani Aristo , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Vojdani Elroy , Halpert Gilad , Ostrinski Yuri , Zyskind Israel , Filgueiras Igor S. , Schimke Lena F. , Marques Alexandre H. C. , Giil Lasse M. , Lavi Yael B. , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Zimmerman Jason , Hill Dana A. , Thornton Amanda , Kim Myungjin , De Vito Roberta , Fonseca Dennyson L. M. , Plaça Desireé R. , Freire Paula P. , Camara Niels O. S. , Calich Vera L. G. , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Heidecke Harald , Lattin Miriam T. , Ochs Hans D. , Riemekasten Gabriela , Amital Howard , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Cabral‐Marques Otavio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is associated with increased levels of autoantibodies targeting immunological proteins such as cytokines and chemokines. Reports further indicate that COVID‐19 patients may develop a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases due to reasons not fully understood. Even so, the landscape of autoantibodies induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remains uncharted territory. To gain more insight, we carried out a comprehensive assessment of autoantibodies known to be linked to diverse autoimmune diseases observed in COVID‐19 patients in a cohort of 231 individuals, of which 161 were COVID‐19 patients (72 with mild, 61 moderate, and 28 with severe disease) and 70 were healthy controls. Dysregulated IgG and IgA autoantibody signatures, characterized mainly by elevated concentrations, occurred predominantly in patients with moderate or severe COVID‐19 infection. Autoantibody levels often accompanied anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody concentrations while stratifying COVID‐19 severity as indicated by random forest and principal component analyses. Furthermore, while young versus elderly COVID‐19 patients showed only slight differences in autoantibody levels, elderly patients with severe disease presented higher IgG autoantibody concentrations than young individuals with severe COVID‐19. This work maps the intersection of COVID‐19 and autoimmunity by demonstrating the dysregulation of multiple autoantibodies triggered during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Thus, this cross‐sectional study suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces autoantibody signatures associated with COVID‐19 severity and several autoantibodies that can be used as biomarkers of COVID‐19 severity, indicating autoantibodies as potential therapeutical targets for these patients.
Postpyloric vs gastric enteral nutrition in critically ill children: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Martinez Enid E. , Melvin Patrice , Callif Charles , Turner Ashley D. , Hamilton Susan , Mehta Nilesh M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to describe enteral nutrition (EN) delivery in patients receiving postpyloric EN (PPEN) vs gastric EN (GEN).MethodsSingle‐center retrospective study including patients aged <21 years admitted to an intensive care unit in a pediatric quaternary care hospital for ≧48 h who received PPEN or GEN as a first approach, as guided by a nutrition algorithm. PPEN patients were 1:1 propensity score matched to GEN patients on demographics, clinical characteristics, and disease severity. Days to EN initiation from admission, percentage of EN adequacy (delivered EN volume/prescribed EN volume) on days 1–3 and 7 after EN initiation, and time to achieving 60% of prescribed EN volume were compared between the two groups using Wilcoxon Mann‐Whitney tests and a Cox proportional hazards model. Data are presented as median (IQR1, IQR3).ResultsForty‐six PPEN and 46 GEN patients were matched. Median time to EN initiation was 3.25 (2, 6.8) days for PPEN and 4.15 (1.5, 7.1) days for GEN (P = 0.6). Percentage of EN adequacy was greater for PPEN than GEN patients (day 1 PPEN 59.4% [18.8, 87.5] vs GEN 21.1% [7.8, 62.8], day 2 PPEN 54.3% [16.7, 95.8] vs GEN 24% [5.4, 56.7], day 3 PPEN 65.4% [14.7, 100] vs GEN 16% [0, 64.6], day 7 PPEN 77.8% [11.1, 100] vs GEN 13.8% [0, 74.5]; P < 0.05). PPEN patients had greater likelihood of achieving 60% of their prescribed EN volume than GEN patients (hazard ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.07–3.15; P = 0.028).ConclusionPPEN was associated with greater EN delivery compared with GEN.
Diagnostic Value of Artificial Intelligence‐Assistant Diagnostic System Combined With Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid TI‐RADS 4 Nodules
Authors: Gong Zhong‐jing , Xin Jun , Yin Jun , Wang Bo , Li Xin , Yang Hui‐xian , Zhu Yan‐wen , Shen Junkang , Gu Jiying 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence‐assistant diagnostic system combined with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in The American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR TI‐RADS) 4 category thyroid nodules.MethodsThyroid nodules that were evaluated as ACR TI‐RADS 4 by conventional ultrasound were selected, all of which had pathological or fine needle aspiration (FNA) results. All nodules were examined by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and artificial intelligence (AI) analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of AI, CEUS and their combined diagnosis were compared; Analyzed and compared the diagnostic efficiency of AI, CEUS and their combined diagnosis.ResultsA total of 148 thyroid nodules were included in 140 patients, including 58 malignant nodules and 89 benign nodules. The sensitivity of combined diagnosis was significantly higher than that of AI or CEUS alone (P < .05). The NPV of AI, CEUS and combined diagnosis were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic efficacy between AI and CEUS (P > .05), but there was a significant difference in NPV between AI and combined diagnosis (P < .05). The AUC of the combined diagnosis was 0.859, which was higher than that of AI, CEUS alone.ConclusionsAI has a high diagnostic efficiency, which was helpful for radiologists to make rapid assessment. AI combined CEUS can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity and NPV, which was beneficial for the early detection of malignant nodules.
Pure Blue Perovskites Nanocrystals in Glass: Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing and Bandgap Tuning
Authors: Sun Ke , Li Xinkuo , Tan Dezhi , Jiang Haiyi , Xiong Kaiyi , Zhang Jie , Xu Beibei , Xiao Zhu , Li Zhou , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChemical engineering in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) has garnered significant attention for tailoring optoelectronic properties, such as bandgap, quantum yield (QY), and stability. Here, pure blue emissive PNCs in glass by using ultrafast laser are reported. The emission wavelength is tuned in the range from 461 to 520 nm by engineering the chemical composition in the B‐site Cd/Pb mix‐cation system. The photoluminescence (PL) QY of CsCdxPb1−xBr3 PNCs reaches 13.4% for the pure blue emission at 467 nm, which is twice that of CsPbBryCl3−y PNCs. The pure blue emissive PNCs exhibit remarkable stability when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat, and ethanol solvents. The ultrafast laser print patterns can be encrypted and decrypted for information, which shows great potential for crucial information security applications. These results imply that B‐site engineering for lead halide PNCs embedded in glass is effective to tailor the PL spectra and increase the PL QY. The pure blue emissive PNCs hold great potential in the applications of blue and full‐color emissive devices.
Association of protein intake during hospitalization with readmission in older adult patients with heart failure at risk of malnutrition
Authors: Saijo Takeshi , Yasumoto Koji , Ryomoto Kayoko , Momoki Chika , Habu Daiki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of protein intake during hospitalization on postdischarge readmission in patients with heart failure (HF) is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between protein intake and readmission in older adult patients with HF at risk of malnutrition.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted at a single acute care hospital. Patients were diagnosed with HF between April 2017 and March 2019, aged ≥65 years, and had a body mass index <35 and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index <92 were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was HF‐related readmission within 1 year after discharge. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine whether protein intake was an independent predictor of readmission within 1 year.ResultsUltimately, 165 patients were included in the analysis: 105 patients did not require readmission, and 60 required readmission because of HF‐related events. Multivariate analysis showed that protein intake <1.2 g/kg/day was an independent contributor to readmission in either model (model 1: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.07 [95% CI, 1.07–4.01], P = 0.030; model 2: HR = 2.24 [95% CI, 1.15–4.37], P = 0.018; model 3: HR = 2.70 [95% CI, 1.23–5.94], P = 0.013; and model 4: HR = 2.88 [95% CI, 1.28–6.51], P = 0.011).ConclusionLow protein intake during hospitalization in older adult patients with HF at risk of malnutrition may increase the rate of readmission within 1 year after discharge. Nutrition intervention should be provided to these patients early during their hospitalization to ensure sufficient protein intake to maintain and improve their nutrition status and activity level.
Determinants of social enterprise performance: The role of passion, competence, and organizational legitimacy
Authors: Wu Jianlin , Cai Wenjun , Song Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial enterprises have been widely recognized as tools to solve societal problems. As the soul of social enterprises, social entrepreneurs help social enterprises overcome resource constraints and achieve survival and development. However, existing studies have focused limited attention on the effects of social entrepreneur characteristics on social enterprise performance. Drawing on the institutional logics perspective, this paper constructs a theoretical model of social entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial competence affecting social enterprise performance through organizational legitimacy and examines the moderating effect of regulatory uncertainty. Data were collected from 198 social enterprises in China. The results indicate that organizational legitimacy mediates the relationships between social entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial competence, and social enterprise performance. Regulatory uncertainty positively moderates the relationship between organizational legitimacy and social enterprise economic performance. The findings of this study contribute to research on social enterprise performance and organizational legitimacy. This paper also offers practical suggestions that social entrepreneurs should exert their passion and competence, obtain organizational legitimacy, and analyze the institutional environments to promote the development of the enterprise.
Inclusive approaches for cumulative effects assessments
Authors: Adams Megan S. , Tulloch Vivitskaia J. D. , Hemphill Jessie , Penn Briony , Anderson Leya T. , Davis Kate , Avery‐Gomm Stephanie , Harris Alex , Martin Tara G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The cumulative impacts of human activities and natural disturbance are leading to loss and extinction of species, ecological communities and biocultural connections people have to those ecosystems. Exclusive and extractive western science methodologies often hinder the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge holders in cumulative effects assessments (CEAs), which can lead to regional conflict and ineffective assessment and management of cumulative effects.

We offer our reflections on the development of a collaborative CEA process with the Kitasoo Xai'xais, Nuxalk and Wuikinuxv First Nations in what is now known as the Central Coast of British Columbia. We designed our CEA around the guiding principles of respecting Indigenous sovereignty and regional autonomy, designing for trauma‐informed approaches, and prioritizing inclusivity and reciprocity. We focused our efforts on identifying current and future pressures on species of the Nations' choice.

We relied on expert elicitation and data‐driven approaches to identify and map current and future cumulative impacts to predict their consequences for species' health. We used combinations of visualizations, numerical, oral and written materials to convey, elicit and share complex information with experts.

We found a diversity of elicitation processes fostered the involvement of a variety of experts (e.g. Indigenous knowledge holders and Nation staff, regional biologists, Crown managers, tenure holders). We mapped over 90+ impacts to species in the region and after conversation and facilitated elicitation processes with over 50 knowledge holders, emerged with predictions for the consequences of seven plausible scenarios of future cumulative impacts for eight species as well as broad themes for the management of cumulative impacts to the lands and waters of the Nations with whom we collaborated. Our shared lessons can support researchers, planners, proponents, and Indigenous and colonial government agencies to conduct inclusive, collaborative and accessible CEAs that inform regional land and marine use planning.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
An overview of the recent advances in flame retarded poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Baochai Li , Bakar Aznizam Abu , Mohamad Zurina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is derived from crops, and has a broad application prospect in electronics and electrical, automotive industries due to its biodegradability and good physical and mechanical properties. However, PLA's flammability and serious melt dripping cannot meet the requirements of terminal products, thus limiting its application. Over the past decade, much research on flame retardant PLA has emerged. This paper reviews the development of PLA flame retardants in recent years, focusing on phosphorus‐based, phosphorus–nitrogen‐based, bio‐based, nanoparticles, intumescent flame retardants, and their combinations. Besides that, the efficiency of flame retardant and its loading on the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA is also thoroughly reviewed. Finally, the future development of flame‐retardant PLA is briefly summarized and prospected.
Enhanced impact resistance of three‐dimensional woven composites with double‐layer core structure
Authors: Yang Xiaori , Zheng Liangang , Chen Long , Xu Fujun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, to further improve the anti‐impact property of 3D woven spacer composites (3DWSC), three kinds of integrated 3DWSC with double‐layer cores assembled at different height combinations of 4 + 8 mm, 6 + 6 mm, and 8 + 4 mm, were designed and prepared. And the impact performances and the post‐impact lateral compressive properties of the resulting composites were investigated and compared to the single‐layer 3DWSC of the same height. The results show that among the three combinations, 3DWSC‐4 + 8 has the highest contact force value of 2454.33 N at 10 J, which is 90.60% higher than that of single‐layer 3DWSC. And the residual compressive strength of 3DWSC‐4 + 8 maintains 91.30% after 10 J energy impact, while the retention value of single‐layer 3DWSC is only 68.43%. The above results can be attributed to the fact that the addition of the middle panel in double‐layer 3DWSC is benefical to improve the capacity of the material to withstand transverse load or bending moment and to absorb more energy through its damage compared to the single‐layer 3DWSC. In addition, the SEM images showed that only resin cracks in the double‐layer 3DWSC and no fiber breakage and delamination, indicating exceptional mechanical stability of the as‐prepared double‐layer 3DWSC. This work can serve as a reference for the design and fabrication to multi‐layer 3DWSC, a promising material in the field of high‐performance composites.