bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Lassa fever diagnosis in suspected cases reporting to health facilities in Nigeria
Authors: Ochu Chinwe Lucia , Ntoimo Lorretta , Onoh Ikenna , Okonofua Friday , Meremikwu Martin , Mba Sandra , Iniobong Akanimo , Nwafor Obinna , Dalhat Mahmood , Ohonsi Cornelius , Arinze Chinedu , Esu Ekpereonne , Igumbor Ehimario Uche , Dan-Nwafor Chioma , Ilori Elsie , Adetifa Ifedayo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLassa fever (LF) remains endemic in Nigeria with the country reporting the highest incidence and mortality globally. Recent national data suggests increasing incidence and expanding geographic spread. Predictors of LF case positivity in Nigeria have been sparsely studied. We thus sought to determine the sociodemographic and clinical determinants of LF positivity amongst suspected cases presenting to health facilities from 2018 to 2021. A secondary analysis of the national LF surveillance data between January 2018 and December 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical data of 20,027 suspected LF cases were analysed using frequencies and Chi-square statistics with significant p-value set at p < 0.05. The outcome variable was LF case status (positive or negative). Predictors of LF case positivity were assessed using multiple logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Case positivity rate (CPR) for the four years was 15.8% with higher odds of positivity among age group 40–49 years (aOR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.21–1.62), males (aOR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.03–1.20), those with formal education (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.13–1.56), artisans (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.28–2.27), religious leaders (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.04–2.52), farmers (aOR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.21–1.81), and symptomatic individuals (aOR = 2.36; 95% CI 2.09–2.68). Being a health worker (aOR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.53–0.91), a teacher (aOR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.53–0.89) and cases reporting in the 3rd quarter (aOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.69–0.92) had lower odds. In a sex-disaggregated analysis, female farmers had higher odds of positivity (aOR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.76–3.38; p < 0.001) than male farmers (aOR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.19–1.96; p < 0.01). Fever (aOR = 2.39; 95% CI 2.00–2.84) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.94–2.37) had the highest odds among symptoms. Combination of fever and GI symptoms (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.50–3.10), fever and neurological symptoms (aOR = 6.37; 95% CI 1.49–27.16), fever and musculo-skeletal symptoms (aOR = 2.95; 95% CI 1.37–6.33), fever and cardiopulmonary symptoms (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.24–2.64), and cardiopulmonary and general symptoms (aOR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.19–1.89) were also predictive. Cumulative LF CPR appears high with clearly identified predictors. Targeted interventions with heightened index of suspicion for sociodemographic categories predictive of LF in suspected cases are recommended. Ethnographic and further epidemiological studies could aid better understanding of these associations.
On determining conditions and suitable locations for fish survival by using the solution of the two coupled pollution and aeration equations
Authors: Raafat Philopatir B. , Ibrahim Fayez N. , Saleh Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe coupled equations of pollution and aeration for flow in a river were studied under generalized assumptions in terms of parameter dependency on space and time, as well as general boundary constraints. An analytical solution was obtained in the steady-state case. Also, the system was solved in its unsteady state numerically in a dimensionless form using the finite difference scheme. The effect of different parameters controlling the flow (such as the velocity, Peclet number, injected pollutants, and so on…) was studied. Investigations indicate that the special cases of the proposed model (i.e., uniform distribution of pollutant and Dissolved Oxygen concentrations, and zero injected pollutants along the river) give results that agree with the previous studies. This simple model helps in understanding the behavior of the pollution-aeration process and its relation to the injected pollution along a river and its effect on fish survival. A simple procedure was discussed in this study to help in regulating farming, industrial, and urban practices and impose restrictions if necessary. This study determines with accuracy the intervals of the river at which fish can survive at a given time, as well as the maximum amount of pollutants allowed to be injected along the river for fish survival.
Biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa against coccidiosis in commercial poultry
Authors: Lail Najam-ul , Sattar Adeel , Omer Muhammad Ovais , Hafeez Mian Abdul , Khalid Abdur Rauf , Mahmood Sammina , Shabbir Muhammad Abubakr , Ahmed Waqas , Aleem Muhammad Tahir , Alouffi Abdulaziz , Almutairi Mashal M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoccidiosis causes huge economic losses worldwide. Current study evaluated the effect of biosynthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Nigella sativa, on Eimeria tenella infected broilers. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical ZnONPs with 50–100 nm diameter, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy revealed the functional groups involved in the reduction of zinc acetate dihydrate to ZnONPs, UV–vis spectroscopy showed a peak at 354 nm, and Zeta potential exhibited stability at − 30 mV. A total of 150, a day-old broiler chicks were divided into 5 equal groups. Control negative: uninfected and untreated; Control positive: Infected and untreated; 3rd, 4th and 5th group were infected orally with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella and treated with 60 mg/kg ZnONPs, 1% Nigella sativa seeds and amprolium 125 ppm, respectively. ZnONPs significantly (p < 0.05) improved the growth performance in the infected birds and decreased the oocyst shedding and anti-coccidial index. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of aspartate transferase and alanine transferase, whereas, a significantly higher amount of antioxidants like catalase and superoxide dismutase in ZnONPs treated group was observed. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly decreased by ZnONPs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, biogenic ZnONPs with Nigella sativa might have enhanced anticoccidial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects with improved growth performance.
Phase-based design of CO2 capture, transport, and storage infrastructure via SimCCS3.0
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Chen Bailian , Pawar Rajesh J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe design of optimal infrastructure is essential for the deployment of commercial and large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. During the design process, it is important to consider CO2 capture and storage locations and CO2 transportation pipelines to minimize the total project cost. SimCCS, first introduced in 2009, is an integrated open-source tool to optimize CCS infrastructure. The core CCS infrastructure design problem in SimCCS is structured as a mixed-integer linear programming problem by selecting the optimal pipeline routes, searching CO2 source capture and storage locations, and determining the corresponding CO2 amounts to meet desired capture targets. Multiple important and practical features have been developed to the latest version of SimCCS, SimCCS3.0. One of these features is phase-based modeling which enables users to dynamically design the CCS infrastructure. We demonstrate the phased-based modeling capability using two CCS infrastructure optimization case studies. The results from these case studies reveal that the phase-based modeling capability in SimCCS is particularly useful to optimize the dynamic deployment of CCS projects.
Climate change impacts on optimal habitat of Stachys inflata medicinal plant in central Iran
Authors: Shaban Mehdi , Ghehsareh Ardestani Elham , Ebrahimi Ataollah , Borhani Massoud 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStachys inflata Benth. is a perennial shrub plant, with powerful natural antioxidant agents, which is recognized as a famous medicinal plant that is widely applied to treat Infection, Asthma, and Rheumatism. Iran is renowned as a center of diversity for Stachys, however, the ideal habitats of S. inflata in this nation remain unknown. The potential and future distribution of suitable habitats for S. inflata were projected using an ensembles ecological niche model in Isfahan province, Iran. We used occurrence data (using GPS), bioclimatic and topographic variables from the Chelsa and WorldClim databases to model the current and future potential distribution of this valuable species. The results showed that: (i) S. inflata is mainly distributed in the south, southwest, center, and west of the Isfahan province, and the excellent habitats of S. inflata accounted for 14.34% of the 107,000 km2 study area; (ii) mean annual temperature, mean daily temperature of wettest quarter, annual precipitation, and elevation were the four most important variables that affect the distribution of S. inflata, with a cumulative contribution of 56.55%; and (iii) about the half (− 42.36%) of the currently excellent habitats of S. inflata show a tendency to decrease from now to the 2080s, while often the area of other S. inflata habitats increases (the area of unsuitable habitat: 5.83%, the area of low habitat suitability: 24.68%, the area of moderate habitat suitability: 2.66%, and the area of high habitat suitability: 2.88%). The increase in the area of other S. inflata habitats is different and they are less favorable than the excellent habitat. The results help establishing a framework for long-term in-situ and ex-situ conservation and management practices in habitats of S. inflata in rangeland and agricultural ecosystems.
Advanced nano-texture, optical bandgap, and Urbach energy analysis of NiO/Si heterojunctions
Authors: Dejam Laya , Sabbaghzadeh Jamshid , Ghaderi Atefeh , Solaymani Shahram , Matos Robert S. , Țălu Ștefan , da Fonseca Filho Henrique D. , Sari Amir Hossein , Kiani Hanieh , shayegan Amir Hossein Salehi , Doudaran Mahdi Astani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the large number of industrial applications of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), this study focuses on one of the most important metal oxides. The RF-magnetron sputtering method was used to fabricate NiO thin films on both quartz and silicon substrates at room temperature under flow of Argon and Oxygen. The sputtered samples were annealed in N2 atmosphere at 400, 500, and 600 °C for 2 hours. Using the AFM micrographs and WSXM 4.0 software, the basic surface parameters, including root mean square roughness, average roughness, kurtosis, skewness, etc., were computed. Advanced surface parameters were obtained by the Shannon entropy through a developed algorithm, and the power spectral density and fractal succolarity were extracted by related methods. Optical properties were studied using a transmittance spectrum to achieve the optical bandgap, absorption coefficient, Urbach energy, and other optical parameters. Photoluminescence properties also showed interesting results in accordance with optical properties. Finally, electrical characterizations and I–V measurements of the NiO/Si heterojunction device demonstrated that it can be used as a good diode device.
Green tea extract prevents CPT-11-induced diarrhea by regulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Kon Risako , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Yamaguchi Arisa , Teshima Yuka , Yamaguchi Tamami , Miyaoka Kanako , Fukuda Moeno , Noguchi Hinata , Tomimoto Rei , Sakai Hiroyasu , Kamei Junzo , Hosoe Tomoo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIrinotecan (CPT-11) is an anticancer drug with indications for use in treating various cancers, but severe diarrhea develops as a side effect. We investigated the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on CPT-11-induced diarrhea, focusing on β-glucuronidase and intestinal UGT1A1. When CPT-11 was administered to rats alone, the fecal water content was approximately 3.5-fold higher in this group than in the control group, and diarrhea developed. The fecal water content in the GTE-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but the difference was smaller than that between the group treated with CPT-11 alone and the control group, and diarrhea improved. When CPT-11 was administered alone, the abundances of Bacteroidesfragilis and Escherichiacoli, which are β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria, increased and interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNA levels in the colon increased, but GTE suppressed these increases. CPT-11 decreased colon UGT1A1 and short-chain fatty acid levels; however, this decrease was suppressed in the GTE-treated group. The findings that GTE decreases the abundance of β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria and increases colon UGT1A1 levels, thereby decreasing the production of the active metabolite SN-38 in the intestinal tract, indicate that GTE ameliorates CPT-11-induced diarrhea.
Obesity-related parameters in carriers of some BDNF genetic variants may depend on daily dietary macronutrients intake
Authors: Miksza Urszula , Adamska-Patruno Edyta , Bauer Witold , Fiedorczuk Joanna , Czajkowski Przemyslaw , Moroz Monika , Drygalski Krzysztof , Ustymowicz Andrzej , Tomkiewicz Elwira , Gorska Maria , Kretowski Adam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSome common single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene have been associated not only with the neurodegenerative diseases but also with some eating disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the possible differences in the obesity-related and glucose metabolism parameters between some BDNF genotypes’, that may depend on the daily energy and macronutrients intake. In 484 adult participants we performed the anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and body fat distribution. The daily dietary intake was assessed using the 3-day food intake diaries. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and during oral glucose tolerance tests. Moreover, the visceral adipose tissue/subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT) ratio and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were calculated. We noted that participants carrying the GG genotype had lower skeletal muscle mass and fat free mass (FFM) when carbohydrate intake was > 48%, whereas they presented higher fat-free mass (FFM), and surprisingly higher total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations when daily fiber intake was > 18 g. Moreover, in these subjects we noted higher waist circumference, BMI, and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, when > 18% of total daily energy intake was delivered from proteins, and higher VAT content and HDL-C concentrations when > 30% of energy intake was derived from dietary fat. Our results suggest that glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters in carriers of some common variants of BDNF gene, especially in the GG (rs10835211) genotype carriers, may differ dependently on daily energy, dietary macronutrients and fiber intake.
Optimal temperature and humidity control for autonomous control system based on PSO‐BP neural networks
Authors: Wu Weibin , Yao Beihuo , Huang Jiaxi , Sun Shunli , Zhang Fangren , He Zhaokai , Tang Ting , Gao Ruitao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of difficult control, poor stability, and low control precision in complex autonomous non‐linear systems, and some sensors have non‐linear errors in special environments. Based on the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm, an PSO‐BP‐PID (Particle Swarm Optimization Back Propagation neural network PID) control method and a sensor error compensation algorithm based on BP (Back Propagation) neural network are designed for optimal temperature and humidity control and sensor error compensation in the autonomous greenhouse system. The error between the average temperature value and the target value after steady state is 0.5°C, and the error between the average humidity value and the target value is 1% RH. The results show that the control method can effectively compensate the non‐linear error of the sensor and improve the performance of the control system in a complex environment, which is suitable for the stable and control of actuators in autonomous systems. The error of temperature and humidity sensor is compensated by BP neural network; PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) was used to optimize the BP‐PID parameters of the automatic greenhouse system.
Design rules to establish a credible More‐Electric Engine baseline power architecture concept
Authors: Zhang Qiyang , Norman Patrick , Burt Graeme 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe More‐Electric Engine (MEE), with its electrified engine auxiliary systems and increased multi‐shaft power offtake, is likely to become an increasingly central aspect of future More‐Electric Aircraft. Consequently, lightweight but resilient electrical power architectures are needed for these future MEE applications. However, whilst a range of MEE architectures exist in the research literature, no effective baseline architecture or standardised feature identification has been proposed to specifically address their unique design requirements. Accordingly, any underpinning technology‐focused research for critical MEE subsystems may ultimately have a reduced effectiveness without this credible baseline. Based on comprehensive design analyses, preliminary design requirements and anticipated operational modes, this article proposes key design rules for the formation of the first generic baseline MEE electrical power system architecture concept. Guidance is provided on features such as the number of power generation systems, the number and topologies of distribution channels, type of power conversion, essential load redundancy, and the location of emergency power supply. This article also provides full transparency of the design process so that key decision points can be revisited to capture application‐specific requirements and updates to certification requirements.
Parallel matters: Efficient polyp segmentation with parallel structured feature augmentation modules
Authors: Guo Qingqing , Fang Xianyong , Wang Kaibing , Shi Yuqing , Wang Linbo , Zhang Enming , Liu Zhengyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe large variations of polyp sizes and shapes and the close resemblances of polyps to their surroundings call for features with long‐range information in rich scales and strong discrimination. This article proposes two parallel structured modules for building those features. One is the Transformer Inception module (TI) which applies Transformers with different reception fields in parallel to input features and thus enriches them with more long‐range information in more scales. The other is the Local‐Detail Augmentation module (LDA) which applies the spatial and channel attentions in parallel to each block and thus locally augments the features from two complementary dimensions for more object details. Integrating TI and LDA, a new Transformer encoder based framework, Parallel‐Enhanced Network (PENet), is proposed, where LDA is specifically adopted twice in a coarse‐to‐fine way for accurate prediction. PENet is efficient in segmenting polyps with different sizes and shapes without the interference from the background tissues. Experimental comparisons with state‐of‐the‐arts methods show its merits.
The evolutionary properties of the blue loop under the influence of rapid rotation and low metallicity
Authors: Zhao Liuyan , Song Hanfeng , Meynet Georges , Maeder Andre , Ekström Sylvia , Zhang Ruiyu , Qin Ying , Qi Shitao , Zhan Qiong 
Published: April 2023

Context. The physical mechanism leading to the formation of the blue loop in the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram is not satisfactorily explained by the evolutionary track of single stars. Rapid rotation and low metallicity drastically modify the internal structures and surface compositions of stars. Therefore, they provide a very significant pattern to investigate the evolutionary properties of the blue loop.
Aims. In this paper, we mainly explore how rapid rotation and low metallicity have an important impact on the occurrence and extension of the blue loop.
Methods. To this end, we implemented the rotating stellar evolution model, including the angular momentum transportation and chemical element mixing. We incorporated several initial rotational velocities and two characteristic metallicities in various models to explore the blue loop extension.
Results. The blue loop can occur when the hydrogen burning shell merges with the hydrogen–helium abundance discontinuity. We find that the blue loop extension strongly depends on the amplitude and gradient of the hydrogen–helium discontinuity. The hydrogen–helium discontinuity is created by the intermediate convective region or the convective dredge-up. A steeper hydrogen gradient in association with a greater amplitude of the hydrogen abundance discontinuity may favour a hotter star.
Conclusions. Both the low metallicity and rapid rotation tend to restrain the development of the outer convective envelope and thus disfavour the occurrence and extension of the blue loop. There are three main reasons for this occurrence. Firstly, the helium core and its core potential can be enlarged by rotational mixing or low metallicity. Secondly, rapid rotation reduces the convective dredge-up depth in the star with Z = 0.014 and the mass extension of the intermediate convective region in the star with Z = 0.0008. Both of these phenomena lead to a reduction of the amplitude of the hydrogen abundance gradient. Thirdly, strong rotational mixing in the model (i.e. vini = 350 km s−1) with Z = 0.0008 reduces the energy generation rate from the hydrogen burning shell. Without bending towards higher effective temperature in the HR diagram, the additional helium brought near the H-burning shell associated with the larger He core can cause the star to expand towards becoming a red giant star directly after the core hydrogen burning. Rapid rotation and low metallicity tend to produce surface enrichment of the ratio of nitrogen to carbon and reduce the 12C left in the core; this has an important influence on the stellar compactness of the supernovae progenitor.
In Kliniken wird Diabetes vielfach nicht diagnostiziert
Authors: Schleicher Erwin , Heinemann Lutz , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Peter Andreas , Fritsche Andreas , Petersmann Astrid , Nauck Matthias , Landgraf Rüdiger 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Anzahl von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist recht
genau bekannt, wobei man die Anzahl der Menschen mit nicht-erkanntem Diabetes nur schätzen
kann. Noch ungenauer sind die Zahlen für Menschen mit unerkanntem Diabetes, die stationär aufgenommen
werden. Nach stationärer Aufnahme werden in den Kliniken meist eine oder mehrere Glukosemessungen
durchgeführt. Eine internationale Studie zeigt, dass sehr unterschiedliche Glukosewerte von
126 mg/dL bis 250 mg/dL (7,0 bis 13,9 mmol/l) als Kriterium verwendet werden, die auf einen unerkannten Diabetes
hinweisen. Diese Unsicherheit besteht vor allem deswegen, weil es keine internationale
Empfehlung für einen cut-off von Glukosewerten gibt, die sich für ein Diabetesscreening von
stationären Patienten eignet. In Deutschland gibt es dazu zwei neuere Studien aus
verschiedenen Regionen, die den Anteil an Menschen mit unerkanntem Diabetes bei stationär aufgenommen
Patienten untersuchten. In beiden Analysen wurde auch das HbA1c, als
Hyperglykämie-Indikator, der kaum von akuten Ereignissen wie Nahrungsaufnahme, Medikation etc.
beeinflusst wird, bestimmt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass je nach Klinik und Abteilung ca. 22% bis
40% aller Patienten einen Diabetes aufwiesen, von denen ein teilweise beträchtlicher Anteil nicht
bekannt war. Entsprechend variable Ergebnisse werden auch in internationalen Studien gefunden.
Die Literaturrecherche zeigt eindrucksvoll, dass es keine allgemein anerkannten Kriterien für
eine Hyperglykämie bei stationären Patienten gibt. Sie zeigt aber auch, dass ein
HbA1c-Screening zusammen mit Glukosemessungen einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten kann, um den
Anteil der Patienten mit nicht-erkanntem Diabetes im stationären Umfeld erheblich zu senken.