bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and future opportunities of autodissemination of pyriproxyfen approach for malaria vector control in urban and rural Africa
Authors: Mmbaga Augustino Thabiti , Lwetoijera Dickson Wilson 
Published: March 2023

Despite the progress made in reducing malaria burden, new ways to address the increasing challenges of insecticide resistance and the invasion and spread of exotic malaria vectors such as Anopheles stephensi in Africa are urgently needed. While African countries are adopting larviciding as a complementary intervention for malaria vector control, the autodissemination technology has the potential to overcome barriers associated with the identification and treatment of prolific habitats that impede conventional larviciding approaches in rural settings. The autodissemination technology as a “lure and release” strategy works by exploiting the resting behavior of gravid mosquitoes to transfer lethal concentration of biological or chemical insecticide such as pyriproxyfen (PPF), an insect growth regulator (IGRs) to their oviposition sites and result in adult emergence. Despite the evidence of the autodissemination approach to control other mosquito-borne diseases, there is growing and promising evidence for its use in controlling malaria vectors in Africa, which highlights the momentous research that needs to be sustained. This article reviews the evidence for efficacy of the autodissemination approach using PPF and discusses its potential as efficient and affordable complementary malaria vector control intervention in Africa. In the previous studies that were done in controlled semi-field environments, autodissemination with PPF demonstrated its potential in reducing densities of captive population of malaria vectors such as Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis. Of importance, empirical evidence and biology-informed mathematical models to demonstrate the utility of the autodissemination approach to control wild populations of malaria vectors under field environment either alone or in combination with other tools are underway. Among others, the key determining factors for future introduction of this approach at scale is having scalable autodissemination devices, optimized PPF formulations, assess its integration/complementarity to existing conventional larviciding, and community perception and acceptance of the autodissemination approach.
Financial Covenants and Fire Sales in Closed-End Funds
Authors: Kundu Shohini 
Published: March 2023

Closed-end funds are thought to have negligible fire sale risk as they have stable funding. However, I show that embedded covenants can generate price pressure in collateralized loan obligation (CLO) funds, even though such funds are closed end. Loans held by constrained CLOs report significantly lower cumulative returns than loans held by unconstrained CLOs. This can be explained by contractual arbitrage, a practice by which CLOs exploit loopholes in the design of covenants to mechanically loosen their covenants and avoid covenant breaches. Covenant breaches are associated with significant pecuniary and nonpecuniary costs, affecting CLO compensation, reputation, and career prospects. I show that when covenants breaches are imminent, managers fire sell distressed loans. Hence, I demonstrate a channel by which closed-end funds can also create fire sale risk, akin to their open-end counterparts. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: This research was funded by the John and Serena Liew Fellowship Fund at the Fama-Miller Center for Research in Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the University of Chicago PhD Program Office, the Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and State, and the University of Chicago Library. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4708 .
Gingival enlargement among the paediatric population: an overview and case report
Authors: Bhandal Sabrina , McKaig Sarah , McGoldrick David 
Published: March 2023

Patients often present with complaints of ‘bleeding and inflamed gums’, which is most frequently indicative of plaque-induced gingivitis. However, bleeding and gingival enlargement can be associated with local and systemic factors and, in some cases, be indicative of malignancy. An 18-month-old boy attended an emergency department with a 4-day history of unexplained bleeding from the gingivae. Intra-oral examination, revealed generalized enlargement of the maxillary gingivae. The gingivae were pink with loss of stippling and a spongy appearance. Following blood tests, the child was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). CPD/Clinical Relevance: An awareness of acute leukaemia is important as oral lesions can be the earliest clinical feature and dentists may be the first to see a patient.
Maintain Access Strip Technique (MAST) crown: a novel technique to stabilize anterior teeth while maintaining pulp canal access
Authors: Donovan W , Crummey A , Wright G 
Published: March 2023

The management of an anterior tooth that has undergone breakdown, either due to trauma or failure of previous restorations, poses a challenge for clinicians to restore in situations where endodontic treatment is also necessary. The novel technique described in this Technique Tip: Maintain Access Strip Technique (MAST) crown, allows clinicians to effectively restore function and aesthetic form to an anterior tooth, while maintaining ease of access to the pulpal anatomy for future endodontic treatment. The approach uses clear strip crowns to reproduce coronal structure and anatomy with gutta percha cones for canal projection to maintain a path to the endodontic space. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The MAST crown technique facilitates stabilization of traumatized or broken teeth and maintain ease of access to the root canal.
Use of cast immobilization versus removable brace in adults with an ankle fracture: two-year follow-up of a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Haque Aminul , Parsons Helen , Parsons Nick , Costa Matthew L. , Redmond Anthony C. , Mason James , Nwankwo Henry , Kearney Rebecca S. 
Published: March 2023

AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the longer-term outcomes of operatively and nonoperatively managed patients treated with a removable brace (fixed-angle removable orthosis) or a plaster cast immobilization for an acute ankle fracture.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing adults with an acute ankle fracture, initially managed either by operative or nonoperative care. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either a cast immobilization or a fixed-angle removable orthosis (removable brace). Data were collected on baseline characteristics, ankle function, quality of life, and complications. The Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) was the primary outcome which was used to measure the participant’s ankle function. The primary endpoint was at 16 weeks, with longer-term follow-up at 24 weeks and two years.ResultsOverall, 436 patients (65%) completed the final two-year follow-up. The mean difference in OMAS at two years was -0.3 points favouring the plaster cast (95% confidence interval -3.9 to 3.4), indicating no statistically significant difference between the interventions. There was no evidence of differences in patient quality of life (measured using the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire) or Disability Rating Index.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that patients treated with a removable brace had similar outcomes to those treated with a plaster cast in the first two years after injury. A removable brace is an effective alternative to traditional immobilization in a plaster cast for patients with an ankle fracture.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(4):382–388.
Mid-wave infrared optical receiver based on an InAsSb-nBn photodetector using the barrier doping engineering technique for low-power satellite optical wireless communication
Authors: Shaveisi Maryam , Aliparast Peiman 
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a new nBn photodetector (nBn-PD) based on InAsSb with a barrier doping engineering technique [core–shell doped barrier (CSD-B) nBn-PD] for utilization as a low-power receiver in satellite optical wireless communication (Sat-OWC) systems. In the proposed structure, the absorber layer is selected from an InAs1−xSb
x
(x=0.17) ternary compound semiconductor. The difference between this structure and other nBn structures is the placement of the top and bottom contacts in the form of a PN junction, which increases the efficiency of the proposed device through the creation of a built-in electric field. Also, a barrier layer is placed from the AlSb binary compound. The presence of the CSD-B layer with the high conduction band offset and very low valence band offset improves the performance of the proposed device compared to conventional PN and avalanche photodiode detectors. By applying −0.1V bias at 125 K, the dark current is demonstrated at 4.31×10−5A/cm2 by assuming high-level traps and defect conditions. Examining the figure of merit parameters under back-side illumination with a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.6 µm shows that at 150 K, the responsivity of the CSD-B nBn-PD device reaches about 1.8 A/W under 0.05W/cm2 light intensity. Regarding the great importance of using low-noise receivers in Sat-OWC systems, the results indicate that the noise, noise equivalent power, and noise equivalent irradiance are calculated as 9.98×10−15AHz−1/2, 9.21×10−15WHz1/2, and 1.02×10−9W/cm2, respectively, at −0.5V bias voltage and 4 µm laser illumination with the influence of shot–thermal noise. Also, D∗ obtains 3.26×1011cmHz1/2/W without using the anti-reflection coating layer. In addition, since the bit error rate (BER) plays an essential role in the Sat-OWC systems, the effect of different modulations on the BER sensitivity of the proposed receiver is investigated. The results represent that the pulse position modulation and return zero on-off keying modulations create the lowest BER. Attenuation is also investigated as a factor that significantly affects BER sensitivity. The results clearly express that the proposed detector provides the knowledge to achieve a high-quality Sat-OWC system.
My Early Relational Trust-Informed Learning (MERTIL) for Parents: A study protocol for a brief, universal, online, preventative parenting program to enhance relational health
Authors: Opie Jessica , Hooker Leesa , Gibson Tanudja , McIntosh Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundEarly relational health is a key determinant of childhood development, while relational trauma in the parent-infant dyad can instigate a cascading pattern of infant risk. Fortunately, early relational trauma is detectable and modifiable. In 2018, Australian Maternal and Child Health (MCH) nurses participated in MERTIL (My Early RelationalTrauma-Informed Learning), a program to identify and prevent relational trauma. Program evaluations revealed nurses felt competent and confident to identify and respond to relational trauma; however, response capacity was inhibited by inadequate parent referral options. In response, MERTILfor Parents(My Early RelationalTrust-Informed Learning) was developed, which is an online, evidence-based, self-paced parenting program that focuses on enhancing parental knowledge of relational trust and its significance for infant development. This low-cost, accessible prevention resource targets emerging relational concerns to reduce later service system engagement. The potential for universal preventative online programs that target parental and relational wellbeing remains under-explored. This paper reports on a protocol for implementing a MERTILfor Parentspilot study describing practitioners’ and parents’ perspectives on program feasibility and efficacy.MethodsThis study is a mixed methods, parallel armed, uncontrolled, repeated measures design. We aim to recruit 48 Australian MCH practitioners from the states of Victoria and New South Wales. These professionals will in turn recruit 480 parents with a child aged 0–5 years. All parents will receive MERTILfor Parents, which entails a 40-minute video, tipsheets, posters, and support resources. Parent data will be obtained at three periods: pre-program, program exit, and program follow-up. Practitioner data will be collected at two periods: pre-parent recruitment and program follow-up. Data collection will occur through surveys and focus groups. Primary parent outcomes will be socioemotional assessments of program efficacy. Practitioners and parents will each report on program feasibility.DiscussionThis protocol describes the feasibility and efficacy of a new online parenting program, MERTILfor Parents, with pilot field studies commencing in March 2023. We anticipate that this resource will be a valuable addition to various child and family services, for use in individual support and group work.
Estimating the effect of anticipated depression treatment-related stigma on depression remission among people with noncommunicable diseases and depressive symptoms in Malawi
Authors: Dussault Josée M. , Zimba Chifundo , Akello Harriet , Stockton Melissa , Hill Sherika , Aiello Allison E. , Keil Alexander , Gaynes Bradley N. , Udedi Michael , Pence Brian W. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
While mental health stigma research is sparse in Malawi, research in other settings suggests that stigma represents a barrier to mental health treatment and recovery. Accordingly, we conducted an analysis to understand the role of treatment-related stigma in depression care in Malawi by estimating the effect of patients’ baseline anticipated treatment-related stigma on their 3-month probability of depression remission when newly identified with depression.

Methods
We conducted depression screening and treatment at 10 noncommunicable disease (NCD) clinics across Malawi from April 2019 through December 2021. Eligible cohort participants were 18–65 years with depressive symptoms indicated by a PHQ-9 score ≥5. Questionnaires at the baseline and 3-month interviews included a vignette-based quantitative stigma instrument that measured treatment-related stigma, i.e., concerns about external stigma because of receiving depression treatment. Using inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounding and multiple imputation to account for missing data, this analysis relates participants’ baseline levels of anticipated treatment stigma to the 3-month probability of achieving depression remission (i.e., PHQ-9 score < 5).

Results
Of 743 included participants, 273 (37%) achieved depression remission by their 3-month interview. The probability of achieving depression remission at the 3-month interview among participants with high anticipated treatment stigma (0.31; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.23, 0.39)) was 10 percentage points lower than among the low/neutral stigma group (risk: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.45; RD: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.003).

Conclusion
In Malawi, a reduction in anticipated depression treatment-related stigma among NCD patients initiating depression treatment could improve depression outcomes. Further investigation is necessary to understand the modes by which stigma can be successfully reduced to improve mental health outcomes and quality of life among people living with depression.
Evaluation of outcome reporting in clinical trials of physiotherapy in bronchiectasis: The first stage of core outcome set development
Authors: Hamzeh Hayat , Spencer Sally , Kelly Carol , Pilsworth Samantha 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to explore outcomes currently reported in physiotherapy trials for bronchiectasis and investigate the level of consistency in outcome reporting. This mapping of outcomes will be used to inform the development of a core outcome set (COS) for physiotherapy research in bronchiectasis. Outcomes reported in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and RCT protocols were reviewed and evaluated. We included trials with physiotherapy as the main intervention, including pulmonary rehabilitation, exercise prescription, airway clearance, positive expiratory pressure devices, breathing training, self-management plans, and home exercise program. Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) were searched from inception using a prespecified search strategy. Records including adult patients with bronchiectasis were included. Outcomes were listed verbatim and categorised into domains based on a pre-specified system, frequency of reporting and sources of variation were inspected.ResultsOf 2158 abstracts screened, 37 trials (1202 participants) and 17 trial protocols were identified. Eighteen different physiotherapy techniques were investigated. A total of 331 outcomes were reported. No single outcome was reported by all trials. The most reported outcomes were lung function (27 trials, 50%), health related quality of life (26 trials, 48.1%), and dyspnoea (18 trials, 33.3%). A list of 104 unique outcomes covering 23 domains was created. Trials focus on physiological outcomes, mainly those related to respiratory system functions. Outcomes related to functioning and life impact are often neglected.ConclusionOutcome reporting in physiotherapy research for bronchiectasis was found to be inconsistent in terms of choosing and defining outcomes. Developing a core outcome set in this area of research is needed to facilitate aggregation of future trial results in systematic reviews that will in turn inform the strength of evidence for the effectiveness of physiotherapy. Outcome choice should include all stakeholders, including patients.Trial registrationThis study is registered in the PROSPERO registry under the numberCRD42021266247.
Clinical outcomes of a short-term family-focused intervention for patients with atrial fibrillation–A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Rosenstrøm Stine , Risom Signe Stelling , Kallemose Thomas , Dixen Ulrik , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Brødsgaard Anne 
Published: March 2023

Aims
To evaluate a family-focused intervention for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in addition to conventional care and to establish its effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression, AF symptoms, and family support.

Background
AF is a widespread heart disease affecting the well-being of patients and their family members physically and psychologically. Supporting patients and their family members could potentially facilitate regaining family strength and improve HRQoL.

Methods
Patients with newly diagnosed AF were randomised to standard care or additional family-focused intervention with change in global score of the Atrial Fibrillation Quality of Life Questionnaire (AFEQT) as primary outcome after six months’ follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score, the European Heart Rhythm Association score, the Ice Expressive Family Functioning Questionnaire, and the Ice Family-Perceived Support Questionnaire (ICE-FPSQ).

Results
Sixty-eight patients received standard care (n = 35) or family focused intervention (n = 33). The median change at the six-month follow-up on the global AFEQT score was 4.17 (-1.46–9.17) in the control group and 5.83 (-2.5–30) in the intervention group, yielding a median difference of -1.67 (p = 0.500). Change in ICE-FPSQ showed significant positive scores in favour of intervention (p < 0.001); other secondary outcome changes were non-significant.

Conclusion
The family-focused intervention had a small positive but non-significant effect on HRQoL compared to standard care. To address the impact of AF on the patients and family members seems to improve anxiety and depression scores and perceived family support.
Co-administration of AYUSH 64 as an adjunct to standard of care in mild and moderate COVID-19: A randomized, controlled, multicentric clinical trial
Authors: Chopra Arvind , Tillu Girish , Chuadhary Kuldeep , Reddy Govind , Srivastava Alok , Lakdawala Muffazal , Gode Dilip , Reddy Himanshu , Tamboli Sanjay , Saluja Manjit , Sarmukaddam Sanjeev , Gundeti Manohar , Raut Ashwini Kumar , Rao B. C. S. , Yadav Babita , Srikanth Narayanam , Patwardhan Bhushan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy of AYUSH 64, a standard polyherbal Ayurvedic drug in COVID-19.MethodsDuring the first pandemic wave, 140 consenting and eligible hospitalized adult participants with mild-moderate symptomatic disease (specific standard RT-PCR assay positive) were selected as per a convenience sample, and randomized (1:1 ratio) to an open-label (assessor blind) two-arm multicentric drug trial; standard of care (SOC as per Indian guidelines) versus AYUSH 64 combined with SOC (AYUSH plus). Participants were assessed daily and discharged once clinical recovery (CR, primary efficacy) was achieved which was based on a predetermined set of criteria (resolution of symptoms, normal peripheral oximetry, and negative specific RT-PCR assay). Each participant was followed using an indigenous software program(mobile phone) and completed a 12-week study period. The dose of AYUSH 64 was 2 tablets oral, 500 mg each, bid for 12 weeks (AYUSH plus only). Significant P was <0.05 (two-sided). On randomization, the groups were found well matched.ResultsThe mean interval time from randomization to CR was significantly superior in the AYUSH plus group [mean 6.45 days versus 8.26 days, 95% Confidence Interval of the difference -3.02 to -0.59 (P = 0.003, Student’s ‘t test] as per-protocol analysis (134 participants); significant (P = 0.002) on an intention to treat analysis. 70% of the participants in AYUSH plus recovered during the first week (P = 0.046, Chi-square) and showed a significantly better change in physical health, fatigue, and quality of life measures. 48 adverse events, mostly mild and gut related, were reported by each group. There were 20 patient withdrawals (8 in AYUSH plus) but none due to an AE. There were no deaths. Daily assessment (hospitalization) and supervised drug intake ensured robust efficacy data. The open-label design was a concern (study outcome).ConclusionsAYUSH 64 in combination with SOC hastened recovery, reduced hospitalization, and improved health in COVID-19. It was considered safe and well-tolerated. Further clinical validation (Phase III) is required.Trial registrationCTRI/2020/06/025557.