bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing Bayes and Shannon to the Study of Behavioural and Neurobiological Timing and Associative Learning
Authors: Gallistel C. Randy , Latham Peter E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bayesian parameter estimation and Shannon’s theory of information provide tools for analysing and understanding data from behavioural and neurobiological experiments on interval timing—and from experiments on Pavlovian and operant conditioning, because timing plays a fundamental role in associative learning. In this tutorial, we explain basic concepts behind these tools and show how to apply them to estimating, on a trial-by-trial, reinforcement-by-reinforcement and response-by-response basis, important parameters of timing behaviour and of the neurobiological manifestations of timing in the brain. These tools enable quantification of relevant variables in the trade-off between acting as an ideal observer should act and acting as an ideal agent should act, which is also known as the trade-off between exploration (information gathering) and exploitation (information utilization) in reinforcement learning. They enable comparing the strength of the evidence for a measurable association to the strength of the behavioural evidence that the association has been perceived. A GitHub site and an OSF site give public access to well-documented Matlab and Python code and to raw data to which these tools have been applied.
Between the White Eagle and the Crescent: Polish Go-Betweens in the Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern and Modern Eras
Authors: Dominik Paulina 
Published: December 2022

Between the White Eagle and the Crescent: Polish Go-Betweens in the Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern and Modern ErasThis article is a review of the study entitled Ludzie dwóch kultur. Wybrane przypadki transgresji kulturowej Polaków w Imperium Osmańskim w XVII, XVIII i XIX wieku [The People of Two Cultures: Selected cases of cultural transgression of Poles in the Ottoman Empire (17th–19th c.)], authored by Agnieszka Ayşen Kaim (Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki PAN, 2020, pp. 318). Między Białym Orłem a Półksiężycem – polscy pośrednicy w Imperium Osmańskim w epoce nowożytnejRecenzja monografii naukowej Ludzie dwóch kultur. Wybrane przypadki transgresji kulturowej Polaków w Imperium Osmańskim w XVII, XVIII i XIX wieku autorstwa Agnieszki Ayşen Kaim (Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki PAN, 2020, 318 ss.).
The Role of Literature in the Processes of Destereotyping (Through Examples from Macedonian Literature)
Authors: Gjorgjieva Dimova Marija 
Published: December 2022

The Role of Literature in the Processes of Destereotyping (Through Examples from Macedonian Literature)Considering the imagological conceptions of the Other by Daniel-Henri Pageau and Gordana Đerić, this text analyses the role of literature in the deconstruction of stereotypes that circulate in communication between Balkan neighbours. In the focus of our interpretation are three novels of contemporary Macedonian literature (Luan Starova’s Balkanvavilonci, Dragi Mihajlovski’s Mojot Skenderbej and Blazhe Minevski’s Nishan), which are paradigmatic in two ways: 1. they refer to historical events and figures, thus confirming that history is the basic mechanism for the argumentation of stereotypical images; 2. they depict processes of destereotyping both thematically and structurally, but also by their appearance in a particular sociohistorical context, with the aim of promoting supranational, universal, human, civilizational, and cultural values such as love, empathy, forgiveness, dialogue, tolerance, education, love of books, optimism, humaneness, all of which are usually treated as originally European values. Literature, by articulating the processes of destereotyping through the narrative strategies in the works, confirms that it holds the potential to act correctively on systems where different forms of power are based on discrimination and submission. Rola literatury w procesach destereotypizacji (na przykładach z literatury macedońskiej)Przedmiotem tekstu jest analiza roli literatury w dekonstrukcji stereotypów krążących w komunikacji między bałkańskimi sąsiadami z perspektywy imagologicznych koncepcji Innego autorstwa Daniela-Henri Pageau i Gordany Đerić. W centrum uwagi znajdują się trzy powieści zaliczane do współczesnej literatury macedońskiej (Balkanvavilonci Luany Starovy, Mojot Skenderbej Dragiego Mihajlovskiego, Nishan Blaže Minevskiego). Są one paradygmatyczne z dwóch względów: 1. odwołują się do wydarzeń i postaci historycznych, czym potwierdzają, że historia jest podstawowym mechanizmem argumentacji obrazów o charakterze stereotypowym; 2. ujawniają procesy destereotypizacji zarówno pod względem tematycznym, jak i strukturalnym, a też przez zaktualizowanie określonego kontekstu społeczno-historycznego, co służy promowaniu wartości ponadnarodowych, uniwersalnych, ludzkich, cywilizacyjnych i kulturowych, takich jak miłość, empatia, przebaczenie, dialog, tolerancja, edukacja, miłość do książek, optymizm, humanitaryzm, traktowanych jako wartości fundamentalnie europejskie. Potwierdza to, że artykułując procesy desterotypizacji przez strategie narracyjne, literatura ma potencjał do działania korygującego w systemach, w których różne formy władzy oparte są na dyskryminacji i uległości.
The Humanities at a Crossroads: Challenges and Prospects in the (Post-)COVID-19 World
Authors: Todorić Milićević Teodora 
Published: December 2022

The Humanities at a Crossroads: Challenges and Prospects in the (Post-)COVID-19 WorldThe widespread social and political changes at the end of the 20th century influenced and reshaped higher education and, consequently, research in and the position of the humanities at universities around the world. This paper examines the much-debated crisis in the humanities and poses questions on its course in the light of the global COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that the COVID-19 pandemic might be an opportunity for reflections that may lead to changes in higher education that aim to revive humanistic research, which provides people with tools such as critical thinking, which has proved to be crucial in times of crisis, like pandemics. We consider the example of the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade, the most prominent place for language, culture and literature research in Serbia, as this is an institution that faces many challenges, primarily a decline in enrolment in certain programmes. Finally, we analyse this Faculty’s strategies to cope with both internal and external problems and to revitalize the interest of prospective students in philological studies.Nauki humanistyczne na rozdrożu – wyzwania i perspektywy w świecie po pandemii COVID-19Szeroko zakrojone zmiany społeczne i polityczne pod koniec XX wieku przekształciły szkolnictwo wyższe, a co za tym idzie, badania i pozycję nauk humanistycznych na uniwersytetach na całym świecie. W niniejszym artykule analizie poddany został szeroko dyskutowany kryzys w humanistyce oraz postawiono pytania o jego przebieg w świetle globalnej pandemii COVID-19. Autorka przekonuje, że pandemia COVID-19 może być okazją do refleksji prowadzącej do zmian w szkolnictwie wyższym, które mają na celu ożywienie badań humanistycznych, dostarczających ludziom narzędzi, takich jak krytyczne myślenie, będące kluczowym w czasach kryzysu (np. pandemii). Analizie poddany został przykład Wydziału Filologicznego Uniwersytetu w Belgradzie, najwybitniejszego miejsca badań nad językiem, kulturą i literaturą w Serbii. Wybór ten został podyktowany faktem, iż jest to instytucja, która stoi przed wieloma wyzwaniami, przede wszystkim związanymi ze spadkiem liczby zapisów na niektóre kierunki. Na koniec analizuję strategie tego Wydziału w zakresie radzenia sobie zarówno z problemami wewnętrznymi, jak i zewnętrznymi oraz ożywienia zainteresowania przyszłych studentów studiami filologicznymi.
Not Buying It: Opting out, Vaccination and Morality
Authors: Dinić Rastislav 
Published: December 2022

Not Buying It: Opting out, Vaccination and MoralityThe paper starts with describing the problem of “naive” or “freshman” relativism that is typically encountered by ethics teachers in introductory ethics classes. I then go on to show that this well-known problem, described and thoroughly analysed by several authors, might have obscured the emergence of a new and different problem – opting out – and that this has become particularly obvious during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on authors such as Albert O. Hirschman, Wendy Brown and especially Bonnie Honig, I go on to argue that this new phenomenon is best thought of as a symptom of neoliberal rationality “colonizing” the domain of morality. I further suggest that we should view morality as what Bonnie Honig defines as a public thing, and I briefly consider some implications of this proposal. Finally, I suggest some possible ways of dealing with the problem of opting out of morality.Ja tego nie kupuję. Wycofanie, szczepienia i moralnośćAtykuł rozpoczyna się od opisania problemu relatywizmu naiwnego, charakterystycznego dla studentów pierwszego roku, z którym zwykle spotykają się nauczyciele etyki na zajęciach wprowadzających. Pokazuję, że ten dobrze znany, opisany i dokładnie przeanalizowany problem mógł przesłonić pojawienie się innego problemu – wycofania – oraz że stało się to szczególnie widoczne podczas pandemii COVID-19. Nawiązując do takich autorów, jak Albert O. Hirschman, Wendy Brown, a zwłaszcza Bonnie Honig, przekonuję, że to nowe zjawisko najlepiej traktować jako symptom neoliberalnej racjonalności „kolonizującej” domenę moralności. Dalej sugeruję, że powinniśmy postrzegać moralność jako to, co Bonnie Honig nazywa rzeczą publiczną, i pokrótce rozważam pewne implikacje tej propozycji. Na koniec proponuję kilka możliwych sposobów radzenia sobie z problemem wycofania z moralności.
AsiaPEX: Challenges and Prospects in Asian Precipitation Research
Authors: Terao Toru , Kanae Shinjiro , Fujinami Hatsuki , Das Someshwar , Dimri A. P. , Dutta Subashisa , Fujita Koji , Fukushima Azusa , Ha Kyung-Ja , Hirose Masafumi , Hong Jinkyu , Kamimera Hideyuki , Kayastha Rijan Bhakta , Kiguchi Masashi , Kikuchi Kazuyoshi , Kim Hyun Mee , Kitoh Akio , Kubota Hisayuki , Ma Weiqiang , Ma Yaoming , Mujumdar Milind , Nodzu Masato I. , Sato Tomonori , Su Z. , Sugimoto Shiori , Takahashi Hiroshi G. , Takaya Yuhei , Wang Shuyu , Yang Kun , Yokoi Satoru , van Oevelen, Peter , Matsumoto Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Asian Precipitation Experiment (AsiaPEX) was initiated in 2019 to understand terrestrial precipitation over diverse hydroclimatological conditions for improved predictions, disaster reduction, and sustainable development across Asia under the framework of the Global Hydroclimatology Panel (GHP)/Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX). AsiaPEX is the successor to GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME; 1995–2005) and Monsoon Asian Hydro-Atmosphere Scientific Research and Prediction Initiative (MAHASRI; 2006–16). While retaining the key objectives of the aforementioned projects, the scientific targets of AsiaPEX focus on land–atmosphere coupling and improvements to the predictability of the Asian hydroclimatological system. AsiaPEX was designed for both fine-scale hydroclimatological processes occurring at the land surface and the integrated Asian hydroclimatological system characterized by multiscale interactions. We adopt six approaches including observation, process studies, scale interactions, high-resolution hydrological modeling, field campaigns, and climate projection, which bridge gaps in research activities conducted in different regions. Collaboration with mesoscale and global modeling researchers is one of the core methods in AsiaPEX. We review these strategies based on the literature and our initial outcomes. These include the estimation and validation of high-resolution satellite precipitation, investigations of extreme rainfall mechanisms, field campaigns over the Maritime Continent and Tibetan Plateau, areas of significant impact on the entire AsiaPEX region, process studies on diurnal- to interdecadal-scale interactions, and evaluation of the predictabilities of climate models for long-term variabilities. We will conduct integrated observational and modeling initiative, the Asian Monsoon Year (AMY)-II around 2025–28, whose strategies are the subregional observation platforms and integrated global analysis.
Skill in Indian Labour Market: Current Trends and Estimating Future Gaps
Authors: De Sanjukta , Mukherjee Dipa , Ray Jhilam 
Published: December 2022

Countries with a higher proportion of the working age population can achieve higher growth rate if this labour force is employed optimally and productively. India is going through this stage of demographic transition but the recent macroeconomic trend does not indicate that India is reaping any demographic dividend. A large mass of manpower is not engaged productively and both unemployment and underemployment are increasing. A mismatch between labour demand and labour supply both in terms of quantity and quality is observed. In this context, this article tries to forecast the future labour market situation in India across different industries, occupations and skill groups. Results indicate surplus labour for lower skill categories and shortages for higher skill categories soon. The new economy is expected to be more dependent on machines and skilled workers conversant with them. With the fourth industrial revolution looming large, demand for skilled professionals would increase further, while a huge surplus of low-skilled labour force released by the primary sectors would coexist. A twin strategy of targeted employment expansion programs and up-skilling labour force to fit the demands of the new economy is called for. Otherwise, a demographic disaster would explode in our faces.JEL: E24, J6, J10, J11, J23, J24
Cerebral Adaptation Associated with Peripheral Nerve Recovery in Neuralgic Amyotrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lustenhouwer Renee , Cameron Ian G.M. , van Alfen Nens , Toni Ivan , Geurts Alexander C.H. , van Engelen Baziel G.M. , Groothuis Jan T. , Helmich Rick C. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a common peripheral nerve disorder caused by auto-immune inflammation of nerves in the brachial plexus territory, characterized by acute pain and weakness of the shoulder muscles, followed by motor impairment. Recent work has confirmed that NA patients with residual motor dysfunction have abnormal cerebral sensorimotor representations of their affected upper extremity. Objective: To determine whether abnormal cerebral sensorimotor representations associated with NA can be altered by specialized, multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation focused on relearning motor control. Methods: 27 NA patients with residual lateralized symptoms in the right upper extremity participated in a randomized controlled trial, comparing 17 weeks of multidisciplinary rehabilitation ( n = 16) to usual care ( n = 11). We used task-based functional MRI and a hand laterality judgment task, which involves motor imagery and is sensitive to altered cerebral sensorimotor representations of the upper extremity. Results: Change in task performance and related brain activity did not differ significantly between the multidisciplinary rehabilitation and usual care groups, whereas the multidisciplinary rehabilitation group showed significantly greater clinical improvement on the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire. Both groups, however, showed a significant improvement in task performance from baseline to follow-up, and significantly increased activity in visuomotor occipito-parietal brain areas, both specific to their affected upper extremity. Conclusions: Abnormal cerebral sensorimotor representations of the upper extremity after peripheral nerve damage in NA can recover toward normality. As adaptations occurred in visuomotor brain areas, multidisciplinary rehabilitation after peripheral nerve damage may be further optimized by applying visuomotor strategies. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03441347).
Positive memory increases cataplexy-like behaviors in narcolepsy mice as revealed using conditioned place preference test
Authors: Yoshida Mayuko , Yamamoto Koki , Kuwaki Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Cataplexy is a loss of muscle tone that can lead to postural collapse, disturbing the daily life of narcolepsy patients; it is often triggered by positive emotions such as laughter in human patients. Narcolepsy model mice also show cataplexy, and its incidence increases in response to positive emotion-inducing stimuli such as chocolate and female courtship. Although such observation indicates a positive emotion-related nature of cataplexy in narcolepsy mice, they also show cataplexy without any apparent triggering stimulus ~ (spontaneous cataplexy). Therefore, we hypothesized that some spontaneous cataplexy in narcoleptic mice might indicate the remembering of happy moments.

Results
To test our hypothesis, we did a conditioned place preference test on orexin/hypocretin neuron-ablated (ORX-AB) mice, one of the animal models of human narcolepsy, and counted the number of cataplexy-like behaviors. ORX-AB mice successfully remembered the chocolate-associated chamber, and the number of cataplexy-like behaviors significantly increased in the chocolate-associated chamber but not in the control chamber. In addition, ORX-AB mice remembered the aversive odor-associated chamber and avoided entering without affecting the number of cataplexy-like behaviors. Finally, similar activation of the nucleus accumbens, a positive emotion-related nucleus, was observed during both spontaneous and chocolate-induced cataplexy behaviors.

Conclusions
These results support our hypothesis and will promote the usefulness of a narcolepsy mice model in emotion research and serve as a basis for a better understanding of cataplexy in narcolepsy patients.
A systematical genome-wide analysis and screening of WRKY transcription factor family engaged in abiotic stress response in sweetpotato
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Zhang Chengbin , Guo Fen , Sun Qing , Yu Jing , Dong Tingting , Wang Xin , Song Weihan , Li Zongyun , Meng Xiaoqing , Zhu Mingku 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
WRKY transcription factors play pivotal roles in regulating plant multiple abiotic stress tolerance, however, a genome-wide systematical analysis of WRKY genes in sweetpotato is still missing.

Results
Herein, 84 putative IbWRKYs with WRKY element sequence variants were identified in sweetpotato reference genomes. Fragment duplications, rather than tandem duplications, were shown to play prominent roles in IbWRKY gene expansion. The collinearity analysis between IbWRKYs and the related orthologs from other plants further depicted evolutionary insights into IbWRKYs. Phylogenetic relationships displayed that IbWRKYs were divided into three main groups (I, II and III), with the support of the characteristics of exon-intron structures and conserved protein motifs. The IbWRKY genes, mainly from the group Ib, displayed remarkable and diverse expression profiles under multiple abiotic stress (NaCl, PEG6000, cold and heat) and hormone (ABA, ACC, JA and SA) treatments, which were determined by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR assays, suggesting their potential roles in mediating particular stress responses. Moreover, IbWRKY58L could interact with IbWRKY82 as revealed by yeast two-hybrid based on the protein interaction network screening. And abiotic stress-remarkably induced IbWRKY21L and IbWRKY51 were shown to be localized in the nucleus and had no transactivation activities.

Conclusion
These results provide valuable insights into sweetpotato IbWRKYs and will lay a foundation for further exploring functions and possible regulatory mechanisms of IbWRKYs in abiotic stress tolerance.
Genetic control of tolerance to drought stress in soybean
Authors: Saleem Aamir , Roldán-Ruiz Isabel , Aper Jonas , Muylle Hilde 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Drought stress limits the production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], which is the most grown high-value legume crop worldwide. Breeding for drought tolerance is a difficult endeavor and understanding the genetic basis of drought tolerance in soybean is therefore crucial for harnessing the genomic regions involved in the tolerance mechanisms. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was applied in a soybean germplasm collection (the EUCLEG collection) of 359 accessions relevant for breeding in Europe, to identify genomic regions and candidate genes involved in the response to short duration and long duration drought stress (SDS and LDS respectively) in soybean.

Results
The phenotypic response to drought was stronger in the long duration drought (LDS) than in the short duration drought (SDS) experiment. Over the four traits considered (canopy wilting, leaf senescence, maximum absolute growth rate and maximum plant height) the variation was in the range of 8.4−25.2% in the SDS, and 14.7−29.7% in the LDS experiments. The GWAS analysis identified a total of 17 and 22 significant marker-trait associations for four traits in the SDS and LDS experiments, respectively. In the genomic regions delimited by these markers we identified a total of 12 and 16 genes with putative functions that are of particular relevance for drought stress responses including stomatal movement, root formation, photosynthesis, ABA signaling, cellular protection and cellular repair mechanisms. Some of these genomic regions co-localized with previously known QTLs for drought tolerance traits including water use efficiency, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the mechanism of slow wilting in the SDS might be associated with the characteristics of the root system, whereas in the LDS, slow wilting could be due to low stomatal conductance and transpiration rates enabling a high WUE. Drought-induced leaf senescence was found to be associated to ABA and ROS responses. The QTLs related to WUE contributed to growth rate and canopy height maintenance under drought stress. Co-localization of several previously known QTLs for multiple agronomic traits with the SNPs identified in this study, highlights the importance of the identified genomic regions for the improvement of agronomic performance in addition to drought tolerance in the EUCLEG collection.