bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Title IX’s Unintended Consequences: The Female Athlete Triad and the Need for Special Treatment
Authors: Hill Morgan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis Note examines the effects of Title IX’s equal treatment framework on female collegiate athletes in the context of the female athlete triad. It describes the shortcomings of Title IX’s equal treatment approach and its deleterious effects on the health of female student athletes. It argues for the adoption of the special treatment approach as a remedy.
A tax by any other name? Conceptions of taxation and implications for research
Authors: Bak Ane Karoline , van den Boogaard Vanessa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs taxation has become a prominent issue on the international development policy agenda, a growing body of research has focused on taxpayer perceptions and experiences of taxation. A strand of this research emphasises the importance of the historical, political and social context of taxation. We position ourselves in line with this research as we pay attention to the emic definitions of taxation in Africa across contexts, languages, and time periods. We explore how the conception of taxation in different contexts is closely interrelated with the language used to describe it, with language being a product of histories of colonialism, conflict, and extraction by social, traditional and political actors. We argue that studies of taxation, particularly survey-based research, need to be complemented, if not informed, by a deeper understanding of the diversity of tax landscapes and of the meanings ascribed to taxation in a given context. This will strengthen content and interpretive validity of taxpayer perception data as well as provide important nuances to the understanding of the dynamics of taxpayers’ experiences of contemporary states and systems of taxation.
Rings from the Forbidden Forest: the function and meaning of Roman trinket rings
Authors: Kiernan Philip , Henz Klaus-Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA group of 24 bronze finger-rings threaded onto a wire bracelet was unearthed in 2018 at the Roman vicus at Wareswald (the “Forbidden Forest”) in Gallia Belgica. The find is analyzed here alongside evidence for the use, sale, and production of Roman rings. The find represents the work of a local craftsman, active in the first quarter of the 4th c. CE. While the rings were made in a small rural town, they closely imitate expensive global ring forms. The function and meaning of the very common class of trinket rings to which the Wareswald rings belong are considered, along with how these rings were used to make statements about identity, including local and regional affiliations, literacy, marital status, or other social connections. It is suggested that the popularity of many trinket rings lay in their ability to provide a sense of participation in upper-class fashion at a very low price.
Of horses and men – Garrisoning the empire: stable-barracks on a grand scale in the auxiliary fort of the ala I Batavorum milliaria at Războieni-Cetate (Alba Iulia County, Romania) and the spatial planning of Roman forts
Authors: Rubel Alexander , Mischka Carsten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article explores ideas about stable-barracks, which have received much attention in recent provincial Roman archaeology. This renewed attention stems from new discoveries in Romania that prompt a re-evaluation of earlier conclusions. Geomagnetic investigations and subsequent excavations of the fort of the ala I Batavorum milliaria in Războieni-Cetate (Alba County) have shown that, contrary to prevailing opinion, stable-barracks could be considerably larger than similar buildings known from Great Britain and Germany. These findings suggest that a significant reconsideration of the concept of stable-barracks is required, along with an updated discussion about the normal troop strength of alae milliariae in the Roman army.
The Immaterial Soul and the Embodied Human Being: Descartes on Mind and Body
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDescartes's arguments in support of his claim that the mind is an immaterial substance are examined and found wanting. But despite the flaws in his dualistic view of the mind, Descartes has fascinating and important things to say about how much of human experience involves an ‘intermingling’ of mind and body. There are still philosophical lessons to be learnt from Descartes's legacy.
Characterization of Environmental Seismic Signals in a Post‐Wildfire Environment: Examples From the Museum Fire, AZ
Authors: Porter Ryan , Joyal Taylor , Beers Rebecca , Youberg Ann , Loverich Joseph , Schenk Edward , Robichaud Peter R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe 2019 Museum Fire burned in a mountainous region near the city of Flagstaff, AZ, USA. Due to the high risk of post‐fire debris flows and flooding entering the city, we deployed a network of seismometers within the burn area and downstream drainages to examine the efficacy of seismic monitoring for post‐fire flows. Seismic instruments were deployed during the 2019, 2020, and 2021 monsoon seasons following the fire and recorded several debris flow and flood events, as well as signals associated with rainfall, lightning and wind. Signal power, frequency content, and wave polarization were measured for multiple events and compared to rain gauge records and images recorded by cameras installed in the study area. We use these data to test the efficacy of seismic recordings to (a) detect and differentiate between different energy sources, (b) estimate the timing of lightning strikes, (c) calculate rainfall intensities, and (d) determine debris flow timing, size, velocity, and location. We then calculate forward models of seismic signals associated with debris flows and rainfall to better interpret our results and characterize these events. Our observations and modeling show that we can differentiate between these sources and that seismic data can provide insight into post‐fire debris flow characteristics, including relative particle sizes and velocity.
Thermal Resolution of Unblocking Temperatures (TROUT): A Method for “Unmixing” Multi‐Component Magnetizations
Authors: Cych Brendan , Morzfeld Matthias , Heslop David , Maher Sarah , Gee Jeffrey , Tauxe Lisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSome rocks contain multiple remanence “components,” each of which preserves a record of a different magnetic field. The temperature ranges over which these remanence components unblock can overlap, making it difficult to determine their directions. We present a data analysis tool called Thermal Resolution Of Unblocking Temperatures (TROUT) that treats the process of thermal demagnetization as a function of temperature (or alternating field demagnetization as a function of coercivity). TROUT models the unblocking temperature/coercivity distributions of components in a demagnetization experiment, allowing these distributions to overlap. TROUT can be used to find the temperatures/coercivities over which paleomagnetic directions change and when two directional components overlap resulting in curved demagnetization trajectories. When applied to specimens given multi‐component Thermoremanent Magnetizations (TRMs) in the laboratory, the TROUT method estimates the temperature at which the partial TRMs were acquired to within one temperature step, even for specimens with significant overlap. TROUT has numerous applications: knowing the temperature at which the direction changes is useful for experiments in which the thermal history of a specimen is of interest (e.g., emplacement temperature of pyroclastic deposits, re‐heating of archaeological artifacts, reconstruction of cooling rates of igneous bodies). The ability to determine whether a single component or multiple components are demagnetizing at a given temperature is useful for choosing appropriate ranges of temperatures to use in paleodirection/intensity experiments. Finally, the width of the range of temperature overlap may be useful for inferring the composition, grain size and domain state of magnetic mineral assemblages.
Mega Forest Fires Intensify Flood Magnitudes in Southeast Australia
Authors: Xu Zhenwu , Zhang Yongqiang , Blöschl Günter , Piao Shilong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent forest fires potentially intensify flood hazards. However, forest fire amplification of floods is not well understood at a large scale due to the complex compound impacts of forest fires and climate variability, while available small‐scale cases may not represent regional changes. Here, we show that the 2019–2020 mega forest fires in southeast Australia, with unprecedented burned areas, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the peak discharges of floods during the 2 years after the fires. Spatially, fire impacts on these floods are much stronger in regions with winter‐dominated and uniform rainfall but insignificant in regions with summer‐dominated rainfall. The regional divergence reveals that burned areas can aggravate floods by exacerbating infiltration‐excess runoff processes but may not exert significant effects where saturation‐excess processes dominate. People may be increasingly exposed to such flood hazards, especially in regions where forest fires have become more frequent under climate change.
Changes in Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange of Air Mass and Ozone Concentration in CCMI Models From 1960 to 2099
Authors: Wang Mingcheng , Fu Qiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates changes in stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE) of air masses and ozone concentrations from 1960 to 2099 using multiple model simulations from Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) under climate change scenario RCP6.0. We employ a lowermost stratosphere mass budget approach with dynamic isentropic surfaces fitted to the tropical tropopause as the upper boundary of lowermost stratosphere. The multi‐model mean (MMM) trends of air mass STEs are all small over all regions, which are within 0.3 (0.1) % decade−1 for 1960–2000 (2000–2099). The MMM trends of ozone STE for 1960–2000 are 0.3%, −2.7%, 3.4%, −0.9%, and −2.7% decade−1 over the Northern hemisphere (NH) extratropics, Southern hemisphere (SH) extratropics, tropics, extratropics, and globe, respectively. The corresponding ozone STE trends for 2000–2099 are 3.0%, 4.3%, 0.8%, 3.5%, and 4.7% decade−1. Changes in ozone STEs are dominated by ozone concentration changes, driven by climate‐induced changes and ozone‐depleting substance (ODS) changes. For 1960–2000, small changes in ozone STEs in the NH extratropics are due to a cancellation between effects of climate‐induced changes and ODS increases, while the ODS effect dominates in the SH extratropics, leading to a large ozone STE magnitude decrease. Increased ozone transport from tropical troposphere to stratosphere for 1960–2000 is due to increased tropospheric ozone. A decreased global ozone STE magnitude for 1960–2000 was largely caused by ODS‐induced ozone loss that is partly compensated by climate‐induced ozone changes. For 2000–2099, about two‐thirds of global ozone STE magnitude increases are caused by ozone increases in the extratropical lower stratosphere due to climate‐induced changes. The remaining one‐third is caused by ozone recovery due to the phaseout of ODS.
The Spatial Distribution of Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Molecular Fingerprints in Seasonal Snow Over Northeastern China
Authors: Mu Zhen , Ma Yuling , Wen Hanxuan , Zhang Chunyu , Qi Yulin , Zhang Daizhou , Zhou Yue , Pu Wei , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDissolved organic matter in seasonal snow (DOMsnow) has a noticeable effect on the carbon cycle, carbon reserve, and ecosystems globally, but its regional characteristics remain unclear owing to a lack of surface measurements. The molecular compositions, potential sources, and degrees of oxidation of DOMsnow were investigated over northeastern China. The results of quantitative analysis for DOMsnow reflect the importance of anthropogenic influence. Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance‐mass spectrometry analyses indicate that most (∼71%) identified molecular formulas are consistent with terrestrial compounds and derive from underlying soil and atmospheric deposition. Microbe‐derived compounds are also important contributors (∼34%) to the DOMsnow pool. The heterogeneous distribution of DOMsnow molecules is a complex process caused by many kinds of factors. Sulfate ions, organic aerosols, longitude, and altitude explain 76.2% of the regional difference in organic components. High levels of oxidation DOMsnow molecules are found, and such high reactive molecules indicate the presence of secondary organic matter and aging processes within the snowpack. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of DOMsnow in high‐latitude regions of China so that we can further understand the impacts of changes in regional processes.
Extracellular matrix-derived mechanical force governs breast cancer cell stemness and quiescence transition through integrin-DDR signaling
Authors: Li Cong , Qiu Shi , Liu Xiaohan , Guo Fengzhu , Zhai Jingtong , Li Zhijun , Deng Linghui , Ge Liming , Qian Haili , Yang Lu , Xu Binghe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as signals that regulate specific cell states in tumor tissues. Increasing evidence suggests that extracellular biomechanical force signals are critical in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of ECM-derived biomechanical force on breast cancer cell status. Experiments were conducted using 3D collagen, fibrinogen, and Matrigel matrices to investigate the role of mechanical force in tumor development. Integrin-cytoskeleton-AIRE and DDR-STAT signals were examined using RNA sequencing and western blotting. Data from 1358 patients and 86 clinical specimens were used for ECM signature-prognosis analysis. Our findings revealed that ECM-derived mechanical force regulated tumor stemness and cell quiescence in breast cancer cells. A mechanical force of ~45 Pa derived from the extracellular substrate activated integrin β1/3 receptors, stimulating stem cell signaling pathways through the cytoskeleton/AIRE axis and promoting tumorigenic potential and stem-like phenotypes. However, excessive mechanical force (450 Pa) could drive stem-like cancer cells into a quiescent state, with the removal of mechanical forces leading to vigorous proliferation in quiescent cancer stem cells. Mechanical force facilitated cell cycle arrest to induce quiescence, dependent on DDR2/STAT1/P27 signaling. Therefore, ECM-derived mechanical force governs breast cancer cell status and proliferative characteristics through stiffness alterations. We further established an ECM signature based on the fibrinogen/fibronectin/vitronectin/elastin axis, which efficiently predicts patient prognosis in breast cancer. Our findings highlight the vital role of ECM-derived mechanical force in governing breast cancer cell stemness/quiescence transition and suggest the novel use of ECM signature in predicting the clinical prognosis of breast cancer.
Outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and TP53 aberration who received first-line ibrutinib: a nationwide registry study from the Italian Medicines Agency
Authors: Rigolin Gian Matteo , Olimpieri Pier Paolo , Summa Valentina , Celant Simone , Scarfò Lydia , Tognolo Lucia , Ballardini Maria Pia , Urso Antonio , Sessa Mariarosaria , Gambara Silvia , Cura Francesca , Fortini Monica , Ghia Paolo , Cuneo Antonio , Russo Pierluigi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this analysis we describe the effectiveness of first-line ibrutinib in 747 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and TP53 aberrations in a nationwide study with a 100% capture of patients who received the study drug. Median age was 71 years (range 32–95). An estimated treatment persistence rate of 63.4% (95% CI 60.0%-67.0%) and survival rate of 82.6% (95% CI 79.9–85.4%) were recorded at 24 months. Disease progression or death were the reasons for discontinuation in 182/397 patients (45.8%). A higher risk of treatment discontinuation was found to be associated with age, ECOG-PS and pre-existing heart disease, whereas ECOG ≥ 1, age ≥ 70 years and male sex were associated with an increased risk of death. Median post-progression overall survival (OS) was 12.2 months (95% CI 9.2–22.0). Post-discontinuation median OS in patients who discontinued ibrutinib for other reasons was not reached (95% CI 42.3 months – NA). Ibrutinib was an effective first-line treatment for CLL and TP53 aberrations in patients treated at large academic centers and community practice hospitals. Clinical characteristics at baseline may influence the effectiveness of ibrutinib, whereas the experience of prescribing centers and multi-hit or single-hit TP53 aberrations had no impact on outcome in this high-risk population.
UHRF1 inhibition epigenetically reprograms cancer stem cells to suppress the tumorigenic phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanchen , Hu Pengchao , Wang Fenfen , Xi Shaoyan , Wu Shasha , Sun Liangzhan , Du Yuyang , Zheng Jingyi , Yang Hui , Tang Mao , Gao Han , Luo Hao , Lv Yue , Yan Jingsong , Ou Xijun , Li Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence in many types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epigenetic reprogramming of CSCs has emerged as a promising strategy for inducing the transition from malignancy to benignity. Ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is required for DNA methylation inheritance. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of UHRF1 in regulating CSC properties and evaluated the impact of UHRF1 targeting on HCC. Hepatocyte-specific Uhrf1 knockout (Uhrf1HKO) strongly suppressed tumor initiation and CSC self-renewal in both diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/CCl4-induced and Myc-transgenic HCC mouse models. Ablation of UHRF1 in human HCC cell lines yielded consistent phenotypes. Integrated RNA-seq and whole genome bisulfite sequencing revealed widespread hypomethylation induced by UHRF1 silencing epigenetically reprogrammed cancer cells toward differentiation and tumor suppression. Mechanistically, UHRF1 deficiency upregulated CEBPA and subsequently inhibited GLI1 and Hedgehog signaling. Administration of hinokitiol, a potential UHRF1 inhibitor, significantly reduced tumor growth and CSC phenotypes in mice with Myc-driven HCC. Of pathophysiological significance, the expression levels of UHRF1, GLI1, and key axis proteins consistently increased in the livers of mice and patients with HCC. These findings highlight the regulatory mechanism of UHRF1 in liver CSCs and have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for HCC.
DprE2 is a molecular target of the anti-tubercular nitroimidazole compounds pretomanid and delamanid
Authors: Abrahams Katherine A. , Batt Sarah M. , Gurcha Sudagar S. , Veerapen Natacha , Bashiri Ghader , Besra Gurdyal S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the global leading causes of death due to a single infectious agent. Pretomanid and delamanid are new antitubercular agents that have progressed through the drug discovery pipeline. These compounds are bicyclic nitroimidazoles that act as pro-drugs, requiring activation by a mycobacterial enzyme; however, the precise mechanisms of action of the active metabolite(s) are unclear. Here, we identify a molecular target of activated pretomanid and delamanid: the DprE2 subunit of decaprenylphosphoribose-2’-epimerase, an enzyme required for the synthesis of cell wall arabinogalactan. We also provide evidence for an NAD-adduct as the active metabolite of pretomanid. Our results highlight DprE2 as a potential antimycobacterial target and provide a foundation for future exploration into the active metabolites and clinical development of pretomanid and delamanid.
Structure of human CALHM1 reveals key locations for channel regulation and blockade by ruthenium red
Authors: Syrjänen Johanna L. , Epstein Max , Gómez Ricardo , Furukawa Hiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCalcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is a voltage-dependent channel involved in neuromodulation and gustatory signaling. Despite recent progress in the structural biology of CALHM1, insights into functional regulation, pore architecture, and channel blockade remain limited. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of human CALHM1, revealing an octameric assembly pattern similar to the non-mammalian CALHM1s and the lipid-binding pocket conserved across species. We demonstrate by MD simulations that this pocket preferentially binds a phospholipid over cholesterol to stabilize its structure and regulate the channel activities. Finally, we show that residues in the amino-terminal helix form the channel pore that ruthenium red binds and blocks.
Climate-driven changes in the predictability of seasonal precipitation
Authors: Le Phong V. V. , Randerson James T. , Willett Rebecca , Wright Stephen , Smyth Padhraic , Guilloteau Clément , Mamalakis Antonios , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate-driven changes in precipitation amounts and their seasonal variability are expected in many continental-scale regions during the remainder of the 21st century. However, much less is known about future changes in the predictability of seasonal precipitation, an important earth system property relevant for climate adaptation. Here, on the basis of CMIP6 models that capture the present-day teleconnections between seasonal precipitation and previous-season sea surface temperature (SST), we show that climate change is expected to alter the SST-precipitation relationships and thus our ability to predict seasonal precipitation by 2100. Specifically, in the tropics, seasonal precipitation predictability from SSTs is projected to increase throughout the year, except the northern Amazonia during boreal winter. Concurrently, in the extra-tropics predictability is likely to increase in central Asia during boreal spring and winter. The altered predictability, together with enhanced interannual variability of seasonal precipitation, poses new opportunities and challenges for regional water management.
Biomolecular condensate drives polymerization and bundling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ to regulate cell division
Authors: Ramm Beatrice , Schumacher Dominik , Harms Andrea , Heermann Tamara , Klos Philipp , Müller Franziska , Schwille Petra , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCell division is spatiotemporally precisely regulated, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In the social bacteriumMyxococcus xanthus, the PomX/PomY/PomZ proteins form a single megadalton-sized complex that directly positions and stimulates cytokinetic ring formation by the tubulin homolog FtsZ. Here, we study the structure and mechanism of this complex in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that PomY forms liquid-like biomolecular condensates by phase separation, while PomX self-assembles into filaments generating a single large cellular structure. The PomX structure enriches PomY, thereby guaranteeing the formation of precisely one PomY condensate per cell through surface-assisted condensation. In vitro, PomY condensates selectively enrich FtsZ and nucleate GTP-dependent FtsZ polymerization and bundle FtsZ filaments, suggesting a cell division site positioning mechanism in which the single PomY condensate enriches FtsZ to guide FtsZ-ring formation and division. This mechanism shares features with microtubule nucleation by biomolecular condensates in eukaryotes, supporting this mechanism’s ancient origin.