bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrolysis and condensation behavior of tetraethoxysilane, hexaethoxydisiloxane, and octaethoxytrisiloxane
Authors: Sato Yohei , Sugimoto Asahi , Iwashina Tatsuya , Hayami Ryohei , Yamamoto Kazuki , Gunji Takahiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the initial stage of the hydrolysis–condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), hexaethoxydisiloxane (HEDS) and octaethoxytrisiloxane (OETS) are formed. However, little is known about the hydrolysis–condensation of HEDS and OETS. In this study, the hydrolysis–condensation of TEOS, HEDS, and OETS was investigated. HEDS and OETS were synthesized from diethoxy(diisocyanato)silane, a raw material with controllable functionality. The hydrolysis of TEOS, HEDS, and OETS was analyzed by mass spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The hydrolysis–condensation product of TEOS was a three-dimensional network-type polysiloxane. The hydrolysis–condensationproduct of HEDS consisted mainly of four-membered cyclic siloxane. The hydrolysis–condensation product of OETS consisted mainly of various membered cyclic siloxanes.
Moisture Distribution in Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Made from Heat Treated Wood
Authors: Mohebby Behboood , Broushakian Vahid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels are recognized as an engineered building product worldwide and, given that they are made from solid wood, they can absorb moisture from or emit moisture to their surrounding environment when placed in either wet or dry conditions. This absorption and desorption processes creates a moisture gradient in the wood material, causing stress. This study investigates the moisture distribution and gradients in the CLT panels made from fir wood layers that have been heat-treated at 170°C. The panels were subjected to wet-dry cycles (from relative humidity of 88% to 32% and then from 32% to 88%). The paired heat-treated CLT panels showed less moisture and more uniform moisture compared to the untreated panels, with a less uniform moisture distribution and different moisture pockets. The moisture gradients between the treated and untreated the CLT panels indicated that heat-treatment affected the moisture gradient change. The treated panels had lower moisture gradients than the untreated panels.
An Efficient Healthcare Monitoring System for Cardiovascular Diseases using Deep Modified Neural Networks
Authors: Reddy C Kishor Kumar , pujala nishitha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Doctors check medical records to figure out the chances of someone getting heart disease (Myocardial infarction). Major focus will be on blood pressure, how old the person is, if he is a man or a woman, if they feel pain in their chest, how much is their cholesterol level, and how much sugar is in their blood. However, manual illustrations may lead to incorrect predictions. The expectation of heart malady may be a key issue within the investigation of clinical dataset. The point of the proposed examination is to recognize the key characteristics of heart infection expectation utilizing profound learning methods. Numerous ponders have centered on heart infection conclusion, but the execution of the discoveries is moo. In this manner, to progress forecast precision, an profound learning system for the determination of heart illness utilizing adjusted Deep Neural Networks (DNN) is proposed by using Cleveland database by adjusting its learning parameters. The proposed method used has a score of 90.7, with a higher precision of 91.5 compared to other methods.
Chromatin insulation orchestrates matrix metalloproteinase gene cluster expression reprogramming in aggressive breast cancer tumors
Authors: Llinàs-Arias Pere , Orozco Javier IJ , Ensenyat-Mendez Miquel , Íñiguez-Muñoz Sandra , Valdez Betsy , Salomon Matthew P. , Matsuba Chikako , Sesé Borja , Mezger Anja , Ormestad Mattias , Hwang E Shelley , Cortés Javier , DiNome Maggie L. , Esteller Manel , Boiko Alexander , Lupien Mathieu , Marzese Diego 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that exhibits a high incidence of distant metastases and lacks targeted therapeutic options. Here we explored how the epigenome may contribute to matrix metalloprotease (MMP) dysregulation given their key role in invasion, which is the first step of the metastatic process.Methods We combined RNA expression and chromatin interaction data to identify insulator elements potentially associated with invasion. We stably disrupted the CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) binding site of a single insulator element in two TNBC cellular models. We characterized these models by combining Hi-C, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq with functional experiments to determine invasive ability. Our findings were then also tested in a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cohort.Results We explored the clinical relevance of an insulator element located within the Chr11q22.2 locus, downstream of the MMP8 gene (IE8). This regulatory element resulted in a topologically associating domain (TAD) boundary that isolated nine MMP genes into two anti-correlated expression clusters. This expression pattern was strongly associated with worse relapse-free (HR = 1.57 [1.06 − 2.33]; p = 0.023) and overall (HR = 2.65 [1.31 − 5.37], p = 0.005) survival of TNBC patients. After CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of IE8, cancer cells showed a switch in the MMP expression signature, specifically downregulating the pro-invasive MMP1 gene and upregulating the antitumorigenic MMP8 gene, resulting in reduced invasive ability. Finally, we observed that the imbalance in the MMP expression predicts DCIS that eventually progresses into invasive ductal carcinomas (AUC = 0.77, p < 0.01).Conclusion Our study demonstrates how the activation of an IE near the MMP8 gene determines the regional transcriptional regulation of MMP genes with opposing functional activity, ultimately influencing the invasive properties of aggressive forms of breast cancer.
Basic schools’ closure and review of educators' remote teaching experiences and challenges in South Africa public schools
Authors: Ahiaku Philip Kwashi Atiso , Akintolu Morakinyo 
Published: May 2023

The object of research: This paper looks to address the effectiveness of remote teaching during the lockdown.
Investigated problem: Education during the COVID-19 pandemic was affected remarkably due to the lockdown in most countries including South Africa.
The main scientific results: The paper highlights failures in the planning, management, and organization of remote teaching during the lockdown.
The area of practical use of the research results: The paper employs a mixed method approach to study the experiences of teachers and the challenges they faced during and after the lockdown. One hundred and forty-four (144) Life Sciences teachers responded to a survey using questionnaires, and another fifteen (15) took part in telephonic interview(s) that followed an interview schedule.
Innovative technological product: Based on these findings, the paper suggests that the government should invest in and ensure the availability of reliable communication tools, high quality internet connectivity, and actively promote the development of digital academic skills for both teachers and learners. Let’s also suggest numerous steps that must be taken to develop a curriculum that reflects not only the perceptible change(s) in content knowledge, but also the learning experiences of teachers and learners.
Scope of the innovative product: The respondents were Life Sciences educators from public high schools in Mpumalanga province in South Africa
The concepts of ‘Zulu tribe’ and ‘Zulu nation’ and their use towards political aspirations in South Africa
Authors: Mbatha Mthandeni Patric , Cebekhulu Mxolisi Bongumusa PraseGod 
Published: May 2023

The object of research: This article presents an overview of how the concept of tribe and nation has been manipulated for political end. The first part of the paper clearly establishes that the two concepts are not only different but also represent different epochs in Zulu history.
Investigated problem: this article interrogates this neglected subject by focusing on how Europeans used different terms to denegrate Africans during colonialism. The main objective is to reveal social agency, showing that the African ethnic groups were also capable of making nations before the arrival of colonialism.
The main scientific results: The findings of this paper indicated that the concepts ‘tribe’ and ‘nation’ present different epochs in Zulu history therefore using them interchangeably as if they refer to one thing is politically incorrect. Moreover, findings indicated that there is nothing wrong with the words as they are defined by dictionaries but the way in which they were used created confusion.
Innovative product: The result of this study will be incorporated in our history curriculum, which specifically focuses at how the process of colonization affected the Zulu monarchy.
The area of practical use of the research results: The study is of importance to South African historians and those who are interested to study the transition of AmaZulu from a tribe to a nation.
Developing a methodological approach to assessing state information security
Authors: Andriishena Halyna , Chunakov Roman , Zaitsev Mykola , Shyshatskyi Andrii 
Published: May 2023

The object of the research is the system of information security of the state.
Investigated problem: The experience of operations (combat operations) of recent years shows the growing role of information influence measures on the systems of collection, processing and transmission of special purpose information and decision-making officials.
The specificity of measures to ensure the information security of the state is that, on the one hand, it is necessary to solve the task of collecting, processing and transmitting information, and on the other hand, it is necessary to counteract measures of information influence on the systems of collecting, processing and transmitting information and decision-making officials.
Given this, information attacks have become a real threat and are one of the priority problems of national security and risk management. Information security covers all security measures that can be taken to protect against these impacts. A significant increase in the complexity and intensity of information attacks in recent years has forced most developed countries to strengthen their defenses and adopt national information security strategies.
The area of practical use of the research results: It is advisable to use the proposed scientific results when conducting research and development works on the creation of intelligent systems for collecting, processing and analyzing information about the state of information security of the state, and developing requirements for hardware and software of this type of systems.
Field of application: software, information systems, decision support systems.
Development of technology for the production of sweet products based on melon fruit
Authors: Alimardanova Mariam , Tlevlessova Dinara , Petrenko Elena , Brindyukova Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

Object of research: the process of creating a technology for the preparation of sweet products using locally produced melon fruits.
Investigated goal: Development of technology for the production of sweet products from gourds on a natural basis using local unsold raw materials.
Main scientific results: possible ways of using unsold melon fruits in the food industry were identified, a solution to the problem of overproduction of melons and gourds in the country was proposed. The original technologies for the production of sweet products made on the basis of the fruits of gourds have been compiled and worked out. the evaluation of the nutritional value of finished products was carried out.
Area of practical use of research results: small and medium-sized farms for the production of melon fruits.
Innovative technological product: technology for the production of sweet products, which allows organizing the industrial processing of the unsold volume of gourds.
Scope of the innovative technological product: agricultural and food industry in the field of melons processing, small and medium enterprises for the production of melons, confectionery production.
B2M is a Biomarker Associated With Immune Infiltration In High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Yuan Mu , Hu Xueting , Xing Wei , Wu Xiaofeng , Pu Chengxiu , Guo Wei , Zhu Xiyan , Yao Mengwei , Ao Luoquan , Li Zhan , Xu Xiang 
Published: May 2023

Background:
High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a serious mountain sickness
with certain mortality. Its early diagnosis is very important. However, the mechanism of its onset
and progression is still controversial.

Aim:
This study aimed to analyze the HAPE occurrence and development mechanism and search
for prospective biomarkers in peripheral blood.

Methods:
The difference genes (DEGs) of the Control group and the HAPE group were enriched
by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis,
and then GSEA analysis was performed. After identifying the immune-related hub genes, QPCR
was used to verify and analyze the hub gene function and diagnostic value with single-gene GSEA
and ROC curves, and the drugs that acted on the hub gene was found in the CTD database.
Immune infiltration and its association with the hub genes were analyzed using CIBERSORT.
Finally, WGCNA was employed to investigate immune invasion cells' significantly related
gene modules, following enrichment analysis of their GO and KEGG.

Results:
The dataset enrichment analysis, immune invasion analysis and WGCNA analysis showed that the occurrence and early progression of HAPE were unrelated to inflammation. The hub genes associated with immunity obtained with MCODE algorithm of Cytoscape were JAK2 and B2M. RT-qPCR and ROC curves confirmed that the hub gene B2M was a specific biomarker of HAPE and had diagnostic value, and single-gene GSEA analysis confirmed that it participated in MHC I molecule-mediated antigen presentation ability decreased, resulting in reduced immunity.

Conclusion:
Occurrence and early progression of high altitude pulmonary edema may not be related
to inflammation. B2M may be a new clinical potential biomarker for HAPE for early diagnosis
and therapeutic evaluation as well as therapeutic targets, and its decrease may be related to reduced
immunity due to reduced ability of MCH I to participate in antigen submission.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Scoparone and its Metabolite Scopoletin in Normal and ANIT-induced Intrahepatic Cholestatic Rats
Authors: Tian Qiru , Jin Huan , Huo Xiaokui , Zhao Yupu , Wu Wenhui , Xu Lei , Wang Yinan , Yang Xiaobo , Sun Chengpeng , Deng Sa , Shu Xiaohong 
Published: May 2023

Background:Scoparone, the principal natural active ingredient of Artemisia capillaries (Yin Chen), can effectively treat cholestatic diseases, but the pharmacokinetic properties of scoparone are rarely studied in intrahepatic cholestatic rats.Objective:A sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method was established to detect scoparone and its metabolite of scopoletin in rat plasma and then compare their plasma pharmacokinetic differences between the normal and ANITinduced cholestasis rats.Methods:Positive ionization was used to separate scoparone and scopoletin using acetonitrile and 0.1 % formic acid water as the mobile phase on a Hypersil ODS-BP column.Results:The calibration curves presented good linearity (R=0.9983 and 0.9989) in the concentration range of 10- 10000 ng/mL and 0.5-500 ng/mL for scoparone and scopoletin, respectively. The precision of ≤ 9.4% and the accuracy ranged from -6.4% to 6.8% were recorded over three validation runs, and the recovery was higher than 83.9%. Under different storage conditions, scoparone and scopoletin were stable. Therefore, we studied the pharmacokinetic properties of scoparone and scopoletin in rats after a single oral administration with the above method. According to the results, the pharmacokinetic parameters of AUC, t1/2, and Cmax values of scoparone in the ANIT group were increased by 106%, 75%, and 44%, respectively, while these values of scopoletin were increased by 142%, 62%, and 65%.Conclusion:The findings indicated that the pharmacokinetic properties of scoparone and scopoletin were significantly different between the normal and ANIT-induced cholestasis rats, which suggested that the clinical application dosage of scoparone should be adjusted according to the liver function of patients.
Anticancer Drug Discovery By Structure-Based Repositioning Approach
Authors: Modh Dharti H. , Kulkarni Vithal M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Despite the tremendous progress that has occurred in recent years in cell biology and oncology,
in chemical, physical and computer sciences, the disease cancer has continued as the major
cause of death globally. Research organizations, academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies
invest huge amounts of money in the discovery and development of new anticancer drugs. Though
much effort is continuing and whatever available approaches are being attempted, the success of
bringing one effective drug into the market has been uncertain. To overcome problems associated with
drug discovery, several approaches are being attempted. One such approach has been the use of
known, approved and marketed drugs to screen these for new indications, which have gained considerable
interest. This approach is known in different terms as “drug repositioning or drug repurposing.”
Drug repositioning refers to the structure modification of the active molecule by synthesis, in vitro/
in vivo screening and in silico computational applications where macromolecular structure-based drug
design (SBDD) is employed. In this perspective, we aimed to focus on the application of repositioning
or repurposing of essential drug moieties present in drugs that are already used for the treatment of
some diseases such as diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and inflammation as
anticancer agents. This review thus covers the available literature where molecular modeling of
drugs/enzyme inhibitors through SBDD is reported for antidiabetics, anti-HIV and inflammatory diseases,
which are structurally modified and screened for anticancer activity using respective cell lines.
Erucic Acid: A Possible Therapeutic Agent for Neurodegenerative
Diseases
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Dubey Nandini , Verma Aanchal , Agrawal Anant 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Neurodegenerative disorders are among the most common life-threatening
disorders among the elderly worldwide and are marked by neuronal death in the brain
and spinal cord. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of dietary fatty
acids in different brain disorders. This is due to their neurotrophic, antioxidant, and
anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, extensive evidence shows that an unbalanced
intake of certain dietary fatty acids increases the risk of neuropsychiatric diseases.
Several research has been done on erucic acid, an ingestible omega-9 fatty acid that
is found in Lorenzo's oil. Erucic acid was previously thought to be a natural toxin because
of its negative effects on heart muscle function and hepatic steatosis, but it has
been discovered that erucic acid is regularly consumed in Asian countries through the
consumption of cruciferous vegetables like mustard and rapeseed oil with no evidence
of cardiac harm. Erucic acid can also be transformed into nervonic acid, a crucial element
of myelin. Therefore, erucic acid may have remyelinating effects, which may be
crucial for treating different demyelinating conditions. Also, erucic acid exerts antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting its possible therapeutic role in different
neurodegenerative disorders. Considering the fruitful effects of this compound,
this article reviews the probable role of erucic acid as a pharmacological agent for
treating and managing different neurodegenerative disorders.
[EMIm][BH3CN] Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Catalyst for the Microwave-
Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of Triaryl Imidazole Derivatives
Authors: Manjul Rajesh K. , Gaikwad Suresh T. , Gade Vilas B. , Rajbhoj Anjali S. , Jopale Manohar K. , Patil Shripad M. , Gaikwad Dhananjay N. , Suryavanshi Dayanand M. , Goskulwad Santosh P. , Shinde Suvarna D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
In this present investigation, efficient and general protocols for the synthesis of a series of
imidazoles 4(a-p) derivatives have been developed by cyclocondensation of aromatic aldehydes, benzil
and ammonium acetate in the existence of efficient [EMIm][BH3CN] ionic liquid catalyst under
microwave condition in good to excellent yields (91-97%). The structures of the synthesized compounds
have been confirmed by IR and NMR spectra. The significant features of this protocol are an
uncomplicated workup process, rate enhancement with high yields, and efficient catalysts. It was concluded
that [EMIm][BH3CN] is the finest catalyst under MW heating conditions.
Varietal Identification of Cereal Grains: Review
Authors: Deore Anagha , Athmaselvi K.A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Large numbers of grain varieties are exploited for different purposes and their characteristics
contribute in varied manners to the type, quality of the product. The variety of the grain is
an important factor in deciding the value of the product. Identifying these varieties and cultivars is
a crucial procedure in a food supply system. Various methods are employed to identify the variety
of grains based on morphological, biochemical, or genotypic characteristics of the grain. This note
discusses the need for identifying the variety of grains and looks upon various methods that have
been brought into action to meet the purpose. Each method of identification has its own set of
benefits and drawbacks, making it possible to choose the appropriate one for cereal grains at different
stages of the supply chain. The methods of identification described in the review present an
alternative to conventional manual methods. Rapid detection and accuracy are expected from the
identification methods. Lab-on-a-chip, web portals, and QR codes are just a few of the recent solutions
that have the ability to overcome the drawbacks and make variety identification an uncomplicated
job.
The Use of Remdesivir in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Afshar Zeinab Mohseni , Hosseinzadeh Dariush , Hosseinzadeh Rezvan , Babazadeh Arefeh , Allahgholipour Amirreza , Sio Terence T. , Sullman Mark J. M. , Carson-Chahhoud Kristin , Barary Mohammad , Ebrahimpour Soheil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Remdesivir has appeared to be the most effective medication against the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and is broadly administered to coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients around the world. Remdesivir is an RNA polymerase inhibitor with
a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against RNA viruses in in-vitro and in-vivo models of SARSCoV,
the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir is the first Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment for adult and pediatric patients
and has been used for not hospitalized and have mild-to-moderate COVID-19, and are at high risk for
progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. However, questions have been
raised about the value of remdesivir in treating COVID-19, and governing bodies worldwide have been
hesitant to approve this medication. Nevertheless, in the context of the public health emergency and the
urgent need for effective treatments for patients with COVID-19, remdesivir has been approved by
several authorities worldwide. Here, we discuss the characteristics and applications of remdesivir, and
various challenging studies with different outcomes about its efficacy are also reviewed.