bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung ultrasound-guided PEEP titration in COVID–19 patients treated with CPAP
Authors: Bosso Giorgio , Sansone Gennaro , Papillo Martina , Giaquinto Alessandro , Orefice Silvia , Allegorico Enrico , Serra Claudia , Minerva Valentina , Mercurio Valentina , Cannavacciuolo Francesca , Dello Vicario Ferdinando , Porta Giovanni , Pagano Antonio , Numis Fabio Giuliano 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
An increasing number of COVID–19 patients were treated with continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP). To evaluate the clinical effects of personalized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) compared to standard fixed PEEP in COVID-19 patients requiring CPAP.

Methods
This is a single center, prospective, randomized clinical study. Sixty-three COVID-19 patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure and bilateral pneumonia were randomized in two Groups: Group A received CPAP with fixed PEEP of 10 cm H2O, Group B performed the “PEEP trial”, that consists in the evaluation of best PEEP defined as the PEEP value that precedes the echographic appearance of “lung pulse” determining a PaO2/FiO2 increase. Primary outcome was composite in-hospital mortality + intubation, secondary outcome was the percentage increase of PaO2/FiO2. As safety indicator, the incidence of pneumothorax was collected.

Results
Thirty-two patients were enrolled in Group A and 31 in Group B. The two groups were comparable for clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters. The primary outcome occurred in 36 (57.1 %) patients: 23 (71.8 %) in Group A and 13 (41.9 %) in Group B (p<0.01). Mortality was higher in Group A (53.1 vs. 19.3 %, p<0.01), while intubation rate was comparable between groups. Group B showed a higher PaO2/FiO2 increase than Group A (34.9 vs. 13.1 %, p<0.01). Five cases of pneumothorax were reported in Group A, none in Group B.

Conclusions
Lung ultrasound-guided PEEP trial is associated with lower mortality in COVID-19 patients treated with CPAP. Identifying the best PEEP is useful to increase oxygenation and reduce the incidence of complications.
Nathan Meyer-Rothschild’s Reproduction of Business Masculinity in the Portrait A View from the Royal Exchange. A Historical, Bourdieusian and Visual Semiotic Exploration
Authors: Giazitzoglu Andreas , Wilson John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Business Masculinity represents a distinctly English configuration of masculinity that was hegemonic in the City of London’s banking and finance industry until recently. This work uses visual semiotic analysis, historical analysis and Bourdieusian concepts to show how Rothschild reproduced the aesthetics of Business Masculinity in the portrait A View from the Royal Exchange (1817) by using clothing and other symbolic cultural capital. To secure his trajectory, Rothschild needed to align his identity with Business Masculinity and thus Englishness – and disassociate himself from Jewish masculinity – in a culture of antisemitism, as well as deal with the repercussions arising from his alleged manipulation of information about the Battle of Waterloo (1815). In this context, the portrait played a significant part in Rothschild’s public identity-management. Shortly after the portrait’s publication, Rothschild was trusted with key information and opportunities which were conducive to his enterprise growing exponentially. It is suggested that the portrait played a hitherto underacknowledged part in Rothschild’s trajectory, by disassociating Rothschild from Jewish masculinity and associating Rothschild with Business Masculinity.
Magnetic nanoparticles in 3D-printed scaffolds for biomedical applications
Authors: Marovič Nina , Ban Irena , Maver Uroš , Maver Tina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have recently attracted considerable attention, mainly due to their unique magnetic properties and biocompatibility. Although MNPs have been extensively studied for biomedical applications, there are still very few studies on them as part of three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds. Thus, this review aims to show the potential of MNPs to modulate various properties of 3D-printed scaffolds. 3D Printing is for itself a contemporary method in biomedicine, owing to its ability to produce versatile scaffolds with complex shapes enabling a homogeneous distribution of cells or other entrapped compounds, as well as possible precise control of pore size and shape, porosity, and interconnectivity of pores that contribute to structural stability. All mentioned properties can be upgraded or complemented with the specific properties of MNPs (e.g., biocompatibility and positive effect on cell proliferation). Considering the latest related literature and a steadily increasing number of related publications, the fabrication of magnetically responsive scaffolds is among the most interesting strategies in tissue engineering. According to the literature, incorporating MNPs into scaffolds can improve their mechanical properties and significantly affect biological properties, such as cellular responses. Moreover, under the influence of an external magnetic field, MNPs significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.
NASAL HOMORGANIK DALAM DIALEK MELAYU SEMENANJUNG
Authors: Bin Hasrah Mohd Tarmizi 
Published: July 2023

The homorganic nasal process of Malay dialects in the Peninsula is not an isolated phenomenon because it has been studied extensively, primarily by Nik Safiah (1966, 1967). However, the existing studies at least contain two weaknesses, i.e. (i) they solely focus on certain dialects; and (ii) they do not touch on important issues that are related to historical conclusion. This article is one of the efforts to address the aforementioned weaknesses. In doing so, it presents a bird’s-eye view by focusing on the distribution of the homorganic nasal process in the Malay Peninsula before proceeding to discuss its evolution. To reach these goals, this article applied the dialectology diachronic approach using innovation and retention as analytical tools. This article comes up with a conclusion which contradicts the previous researches about the homorganic nasal rules. The findings correspond to the inability of the existing rules to explain the evolution of homorganic nasal in a number of dialects, especially the Hulu Pahang dialect. In addition, the article also finds that the homorganic nasal process gradually evolves from one dialect to another. The study also concludes that the Malay dialects in the Peninsula are formed by a chain of network, which defies the traditional Malay dialect classification using tree models.

Gejala nasal homorganik dalam dialek-dialek Melayu di Semenanjung bukanlah satu gejala terpencil kerana deskripsi mengenainya memang sudah kerap dilakukan, dan antara pengkaji yang paling awal melakukannya ialah Nik Safiah (1966, 1967). Walau bagaimanapun, dokumentasi dan pemerian yang sedia ada ini memperlihatkan kekurangan dari dua segi: (i) tidak menyeluruh kerana hanya terbatas pada dialek-dialek tertentu; dan, (ii) analisisnya tidak berupaya menyerlahkan hubungan sejarawi yang boleh menjadi dasar kepada penentuan hipotesis tentang asal usul gejala tersebut, dan kemungkinan kewujudan rangkaiannya, kerana terhad kepada aspek sinkronik. Makalah ini adalah satu usaha untuk menangani kedua-dua kekurangan yang dinyatakan ini. Maka, yang dibincangkan di sini ialah satu tinjauan yang bersifat umum mengenai penyebaran nasal homorganik dalam dialek-dialek Melayu yang terdapat di Semenanjung. Setelah memaparkan gejala tersebut secara deskriptif, makalah ini berusaha untuk tiba pada pemaparan mengenai perkembangan nasal homorganik, seperti yang diperlihatkan oleh dialek-dialek yang dikaji. Bagi mencapai objektif yang telah ditetapkan, makalah ini menerapkan pendekatan dialektologi diakronik yang secara khusus memberi keutamaan kepada aspek inovasi dan retensi. Makalah ini menarik satu kesimpulan penting bahawa rumus nasal homorganik yang dicadangkan oleh para pengkaji lampau gagal beroperasi dalam beberapa kes, khususnya di Hulu Pahang. Selain itu, makalah ini juga mendapati bahawa gejala nasal homorganik berupaya menyerlahkan perkembangan dialek-dialek Melayu di Semenanjung secara bertahap. Dapatan kedua ini bermaksud dialek-dialek ini membentuk satu rantaian sambung-menyambung, maka menolak pengelompokan berdasarkan rajah pohon
KEBERKESANAN PEMBELAJARAN DAN PENGAJARAN DALAM TALIAN (EPEMBELAJARAN) TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN PELAJAR DI KOLEJ KOMUNITI HULU LANGAT
Authors: Abu Hassan Siti Azura , Suzana Binti Zainol Abidin  , Zulkurnain Bin Hassan  
Published: July 2023

Aspects of learning and teaching have also been affected as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, COVID-19 is seen as a transformational agent and catalyst for the comprehensive implementation of online learning (e-learning). The learning and teaching process at the school and higher education institutions continues because face-to-face learning can now be replaced by virtual learning. At Hulu Langat Community College (KKHL), online learning and teaching (e-learning) has been applied as an alternative to conventional learning methods, namely face-to-face learning in the lecture room so that learning can continue. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of online learning and teaching, a study was conducted to identify the level of effectiveness and obstacles faced by students. Questionnaire sets were distributed to 229 students who are currently following online learning and teaching at KKHL. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze relevant data to answer the research questions. The results of the study show that the level of effectiveness of using online learning is at a high level (mean 3.8046) and the obstacles faced are at a moderate level (mean 3.1405). Although the results of the study show that the level of effectiveness is high, every obstacle faced by students needs to be acted upon immediately so that the effectiveness of learning and teaching can be further improved.

Aspek pembelajaran dan pengajaran turut terkesan akibat daripada pandemik COVID-19. Walau bagaimanapun, COVID-19 dilihat sebagai agen transformasi dan pemangkin kepada pelaksanaan pembelajaran dalam talian (e-pembelajaran) secara komprehensif. Proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran di peringkat sekolah dan institusi pengajian tinggi tetap terus berjalan kerana pembelajaran bersemuka kini boleh digantikan dengan pembelajaran maya. Di Kolej Komuniti Hulu Langat (KKHL) pembelajaran dan pengajaran dalam talian (epembelajaran) telah diaplikasikan sebagai alternatif kepada kaedah pembelajaran secara konvensional iaitu pembelajaran bersemuka dalam bilik kuliah supaya pembelajaran dapat diteruskan. Bagi menilai keberkesanan pembelajaran dan pengajaran dalam talian satu kajian telah dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti tahap keberkesanan dan halangan yang dihadapi pelajar. Set soal selidik diedarkan kepada 229 orang pelajar yang sedang mengikuti pembelajaran dan pengajaran secara dalam talian di KKHL. Statistik deskriptif digunakan bagi menganalisa data-data yang berkaitan untuk menjawab persoalan-persoalan kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap keberkesanan penggunaan pembelajaran dalam talian berada pada tahap tinggi (min 3.8046) dan halangan yang dihadapi berada pada tahap sederhana (min 3.1405). Walaupun hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap keberkesanan adalah tinggi namun setiap halangan yang dihadapi oleh pelajar perlu diambil tindakan segera agar keberkesanan pembelajaran dan pengajaran dapat dipertingkatkan lagi.
Derechos de los campesinos, censos y conflicto armado en el norte del Cauca
Authors: Llano Franco Jairo Vladimir , Velasco Cano Nicole 
Published: July 2023

Este artículo busca aportar a las deliberaciones sobre los campesinos como sujetos de derecho diferenciados, que pretenden que estos sean considerados como comunidades étnicas en igual proporción que los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades negras. Esta pretensión puede realizarse, debido a que la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre Derechos de los Campesinos y de Otras Personas que Trabajan en las Zonas Rurales impulsa esa posibilidad. A esto se suma que la jurisprudencia de las altas cortes y los jueces constitucionales han tendido paulatinamente a ese reconocimiento de diversidad
e identidad cultural. Así mismo, hace algún tiempo los académicos de las distintas ciencias sociales han aportado desde sus reflexiones e investigaciones a identificar el campesinado con sus respectivas cosmovisiones, lo cual es una determinación esencial para la convivencia rural
Understanding Olympic Diplomacy: The Refugee Team at the 2020 Tokyo Games
Authors: Almeida William Douglas de , Rubio Katia 
Published: July 2023

At the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, 29 athletes competed for the Olympic Refugee Team. It was the second time in the history of the Summer Olympic Games that athletes from different origins but living under refugee conditions competed under the same flag. This article aims to analyze the composition of the refugee team, identifying the connections between the athletes' points of origin and destination and the status of official refugee data around the world. As a result, it is observed that the Olympic refugee team plays an important role in giving visibility to this social issue, which is an expensive topic nowadays and enables high-performance athletes not to be excluded from the Olympic Games due to political problems. There is also an important political and diplomatic role played by the International Olympic Committee, allowing the presence of these athletes, but also of competitors from countries that are points of origin for refugees. However, there are still some challenges, such as the concentration of athletes currently living in Europe, facing a low number of refugees who live elsewhere, despite a large number of refugees living in other continents.
Experiencias para la investigación estudiantil en tiempos de pandemia: un aula Virtual
Authors: Castro Cisneros Reinaldo , Cisneros Garbey Susana 
Published: July 2023

El aula virtual “Investigando la cultura física” contribuye a potenciar la actividad
científica estudiantil y el acompañamiento tutoral en la Licenciatura en Cultura Física así como en una de sus fuentes principales de ingreso dentro de la provincia Santiago de Cuba: la Escuela de Profesores de Educación Física (EPEF). Posee alta calidad ya que utiliza una interfaz de usuario ergonómica y motivante que estimula su uso continuo. Ha sido aplicada, con notables resultados, durante los cursos escolares 2018-2019 y 2019-2020 generalizándose su uso en esa carrera de la Universidad de Oriente. Asimismo, durante el período de emergencia sanitaria provocado por la COVID 19 resultó muy útil para dar continuidad a los estudios universitarios en el distanciamiento que implica a las diferentes fases preventivas asumidas por la provincia y el país.
Repurchased, Ordered, Inherited: The Origins of Woodcut Blocks in the Königsberg Printing House of Hans Daubmann and His Heirs
Authors: Jurkowlaniec Grażyna 
Published: July 2023

Strategies adopted by the early modern printers vis-à-vis the acquisition and use of woodcut blocks depended on various internal and external factors. One might assume that the former—a printer’s personal ambitions and convictions concerning the role of illustrations in general—were in most part dependent on the latter (i.e., the economic, political or legal circumstances). Hans Daubmann, a printer active first in Nuremberg in 1547–54 and then in Königsberg in 1554–73, is an interesting case of a fairly consistent approach to illustrations, despite the diametrically different conditions in which each of his printing houses operated. In Nuremberg, he tried—but ultimately failed—to establish his professional position, struggling against tough competition and censorship, while, in Königsberg, he easily and almost immediately dominated the local market with support from the Duke of Prussia. In both places, Daubmann issued many illustrated works and invariably minimised the associated expenditures. He was exceptionally keen on repurchasing woodblocks from various sources, which was undoubtedly much cheaper than commissioning new items. Even when he chose to order new matrices, they usually reproduced popular models. This conservative strategy was preserved until the mid-17th century by Daubmann’s heirs and followers: Georg Osterberger, Johann Fabricius and Lorenz Segebade. They mostly reused these woodblocks, some heavily worn out, and only exceptionally developed the inherited stock of printing matrices.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C co-infection in HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative cases in a Tertiary care hospital in Southern Haryana
Authors: Behl Shreya , Behl Aaditya , Mane Pratibha , Sangwan Jyoti , Vohra Prakriti 
Published: July 2023

HBV (Hepatitis B virus) and HCV (Hepatitis C virus) are the causative agents of acute as well as chronic hepatitis. Nearly, two billion people are suffering with HBV and approximately 170 million people are infected with HCV infection around the world. While patients who are infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) 2-4 million are found to be having chronic HBV co-infection and 4-5 million are having HCV coinfection. Due to common mode of transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV like using shared needles, syringes, other injectable devices, sexual intercourse, or even mother to baby transmission, it is common to see HBV and HCV co-infection in HIV positive individuals. This was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in Department of Microbiology, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana. It was for one year. The sample size for HIV seropostive cases was 80 including 40 HIV positive and 40 HIV negative samples. Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was identified on HIV positive and HIV negative samples. Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was found to be higher in HIV positive individuals than HIV negative individuals. In HIV positive patients 10% individuals were HBsAg positive, 5% were HBeAg positive, 10% were positive by HBV RT-PCR. None of the HIV negative were coinfected with HBV. Similarly HCV-HIV coinfection was seen in 12.5% of individuals with Rapid test, ELISA and RT-PCR. None of the HIV negative were coinfected with HCV. In HIV positive individuals HBV and HCV coinfection was seen and Co-infection of HBV and HCV was absent in HIV negative individuals. Regular screening is recommended for HBV and HCV in HIV positive individuals.
Symptomatic prevalence of covid-19 in vaccinated and non-vaccinated population
Authors: Pandya Jay Bhupesh , Shethia Nirali Milind , Bangera Divya , Saxena Shailaja Gada 
Published: July 2023

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The world has witnessed havoc with the rapid emergence of COVID-19. The unpreparedness towards the pandemic caused the whole world to face severe consequences. Emerging economies like India with a population of more than 1.3 billion faced heavy toll of life due to the rapid spread of highly contagious COVID-19 and shortage of medical supplies and infrastructure. The testing, tracing, and isolation of COVID-19 positive patients helped greatly to break the chain of COVID-19 infection, this later boosted by the vaccine production and administration on a war scale by Government of India.In this study, we have tried to understand the symptomatic effects of COVID-19 on Indian population, its prevalence, and significance. Many individuals developed symptoms like COVID-19 but tested negative for the same and vice versa. The cases of individuals not developing symptoms of COVID-19 but infected by COVID-19 act as a carrier of the virus possibly infecting other individuals unknowingly. These individuals may have weaker immunity and more submissive health conditions due to age, under surgical treatment or are infected by other chronic or acute diseases. This makes it essential to correlate and study the symptomatic incidence of COVID-19 with respect to age and vaccination status of Indian population. This study was undertaken to determine the symptomatic prevalence of COVID-19 in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients that were tested in our laboratory. There were 86,761 samples tested out of which 49,371 samples were positives and 37,390 were negative. The samples from different parts of India were tested between1st July 2020 and 14th November 2022, dividing the total period in 5 phases for better correlation as vaccine administration started during early 2021 primarily for health workers and till it reached common people by mid of July 2021. The observations and statistical study have described the significance of vaccination and have given better insights about the working class of individuals between 18 and 45 years of age which were more exposed to infection. The study also identifies various parameters which aggravated and conciliated the symptoms of COVID-19. The study helps us to identify the prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 virus in Indian Population and can be beneficial in devising a better strategies in future to tackle symptomatic adversaries of any infection.
Popular gym fitness sport – an analysis of 1378 recreational athletes regarding injury prone exercises and the corresponding localizations-
Authors: Bernstorff Maria Alexandra , Finke Andreas , Schumann Norman , Schildhauer Thomas Armin , Koenigshausen Matthias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recreational fitness sport is popular worldwide and ranks first among organized sports. Despite such great numbers of participants, there is little scientific work that deals with the injury behavior in mass fitness sports. This study attempts to fill this gap by examining which exercises may be most prone to injury and analyzes the body regions that are most frequently affected.
Using an online questionnaire distributed nationally across Germany, 20 demographic and training-specific items and 49 sport-specific exercises were recorded. Frequent exercises, as well as the incidence and distribution of pain symptoms that the athletes experienced during or in relation to their training were evaluated. A total of 1378 respondents were included in this study. N = 732 (53,1%) (f = 333 (24,2%), m = 397 (22,3%)) indicated to have had pain in relationship to their fitness training. The way the training plan was created showed a significant influence (p = 0): Those athletes who create a plan on their own, report complaints more often than the comparison groups. Guided exercises on machines led to complaints the least often (11.54%). Exercises with free weights cause the most complaints among respondents (19.94%). We were able to identify exercises such as back squat, deadlift, bench press and triceps dips as the most pain associated exercises. The most common pain region was the shoulder followed by the lower back and knee. The present work is the first large-scale study to examine the injury behavior of recreational athletes in fitness sports. The results show a considerably high number of unreported pain symptoms.