bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gay Nazis
Authors: Jameh Yasamin 
Published: May 2023

Most histories on the development of homosexual identity in Germany focus on the 19th-century origins of the first homosexual rights movement, the thriving queer culture in large cities like Berlin during the 1920s, the extensive advocacy done by the liberal sexologist Magnus Hirschfield, and the ultimate eradication of all this progress by the Nazi regime. Consequently, these histories focus primarily on left-wing progressive homosexual advocacy groups like Hirschfield’s WhK (Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee; German for Scientific-Humanitarian Committee). Comparatively, less attention is paid to a smaller, but nevertheless significant cohort of right-wing male homosexual activists — or masculinists — like Adolf Brand and Hans Blüher who rejected notions that same-sex desiring men constituted an effeminate “third sex”. In their view, homoeroticism was the ultimate expression of virility and male camaraderie, and they fused this idea with nationalist, racialist, and antisemitic views in order to formulate a right-wing position against repealing Paragraph 175, Germany's anti-sodomy law. World War One (WWI) was a crucial event which allowed homosexual veterans to affirm their desires more boldly without being labelled as weak and unmanly — their war experience allowed them to defend their reputation as macho and patriotic men. This paper investigates the historical, social, and psychological reasons why many early Nazis, especially those who joined the SA, were attracted to Brand and Blüher’s ideas. The SA’s relative tolerance for homosociality provided a safe space for many homosexuals in the movement. However, this was extremely problematic for the political side of the Nazi Party whose hegemonic heterosexual masculine image came under question after a series of SA scandals in the early 1930s, and ultimately took deadly actions to quash non-heteronormative elements of the movement.
Iraqi Criminal Recidivism Policy Reform
Authors: Ahmed Taro Sultan , Muhammed Qadir Abdal 
Published: May 2023

When a person commits one or more crimes, after s/he has been finally convicted for previous crime is known as recidivist. While many studies have been conducted focusing on the factors that contribute of recidivism attempting to reduce it, this research focuses on the criminal policy approach as a tool to desist criminal from reoffending. The first part of this research focuses on the concept of recidivism, types and legal provisions that governs recidivism with clarifying Iraqi penal code(IPC) and juvenile's welfare act (IJWA) adoption approach. The second part attempts to provide a reform of the Iraqi criminal recidivism policy by adopting temporary recidivism type instead of permanent in which empower self-rehabilitation concept of criminals.
Jogo patológico
Authors: Botura Henrique Moura Leite , Crescente Junior José Angelo Barlett 
Published: May 2023

O jogo patológico é um transtorno que possui grande impacto na sociedade, responsável por prejuízo social, financeiro e emocional para os indivíduos. Tal transtorno pode ser definido como o comportamento recorrente de apostar em jogos de azar, apesar das consequências negativas, onde o paciente perde o controle do tempo e dinheiro gastos.
Na novela "A força do querer", veiculada pela Rede Globo no horário das 21h, a personagem Silvana, interpretada pela atriz Lília Cabral, sofre as consequências do Jogo Patológico, colocando-se muitas vezes em situações de alto risco por conta do seu vício.
Nuclear armament and its impact on the security of South Asia "India and Pakistan as a model
Authors: Hadi Mohammad Qasim 
Published: May 2023

India and Pakistan are one of those countries that sought to possess nuclear weapons in order to be a deterrent factor and achieve the desired balance required from their hearts. Pakistan and neighboring rival India detonated nuclear explosions just days apart in May 1998. Since then, the two South Asian countries have been developing the fastest growing stockpiles of nuclear warheads and missile launch systems. Retired Indian Navy Admiral Arun Prakash noted, “India and Pakistan are perilously close to the point of ever-growing nuclear arsenals. This could turn into an unreasonable race driven by mutual suspicion rather than the actual needs of deterrence and maintenance of stability.” .
Notably, in recent years, the two countries have already tested a wide range of ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads, including tactical systems. At the same time, India adopts a policy (not to pre-empt the use of nuclear weapons) at a time when Pakistan was more showcasing its nuclear power. Therefore, we will study in this research the impact of the Indian-Pakistani nuclear armament on the security of South Asia
Climatério e os fatores que contribuem para a má qualidade de vida
Authors: Antunes Filho Clovis Ribeiro , Pereira Luiza Valadares e , Oliveira Márcia Farsura de , Cupertino Marli do Carmo 
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Objetiva-se em caracterizar os fatores que intervém na qualidade de vida da mulher durante o climatério. Métodos: Foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva, realizada no período de 2003 a 2022, no idioma português, no mecanismo de busca do Google Acadêmico, e nas bases científicas da SciELO, BVS e Acervo+ Index Base. Resultados: As mulheres são as principais usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em todas as fases da vida, principalmente em um período denominado climatério, considerado a transição entre o período reprodutivo e não reprodutivo tendencioso após os 40 anos. No entanto, há importância do apoio na nova fase, fatores de risco, como por exemplo, as doenças cardiovasculares, além de medidas alternativas, como a prática de exercício físico, impactos causados pelo climatério, destacando por sua vez a sexualidade, além de problemas secundários relacionados, ressaltando em primeiro quesito a perda de massa óssea crônica e questões além dos sintomas físicos, como os componentes psicológicos. Considerações finais: Considera-se, portanto, que os fatores são diversos e que tais possuem sim alta influência para a má qualidade de vida da mulher no climatério.
Dinamika dan Problematika Ekonomi Syariah di Negara Islam
Authors: Satriak Guntoro  , Ahmad  
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika dan problematika ekonomi syariah di negara-negara Islam. Dalam penulisan dinamika dan problematika ekonomi syariah di negara muslim ini metode analisis yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research). Dan yang dijadikan sebagai data primer dalam penelitian ini yakni data yang di peroleh langsung dari sumber utama yaitu literatur-literatur yang membahas tentang dinamika dan problematika ekonomi syariah di negara muslim. Hasil dari penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa dinamika ekonomi syariah dinegara-negara muslim dimulai dengan munculnya lembaga-lembaga ekonomi syariah yang kemudian terus mengalami perkembangan dari masa ke masa. Dan problematika ekonomi syariah di negara-negara muslim adalah minimnya sumber daya manusia, masih rendah nya tingkat pemahaman dan kepedulian umat serta masih kurangnya pelayanan publik. Solusi dalam menghadapi problematika ekonomi Islam diantaranya adalah korelasi institusi pendidikan dalam pengembangan ekonomi syariah, perhatian dari pemerintah, perlihatkan peran nyata ekonomi syariah. Peningkatan mutu SDM yang kurang kompeten dan profesional, pelatihan/pendidikan/sosialisasi kepada pegawai dan masyarakat, marketing inovatif, inovasi produk, reorientasi ke sektor riil dan peningkatan pelayanan serta profesionalisme.
Investigation of Ni- and Co-Based Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Carbon-Free Air Electrodes Designed for Zinc-Air Batteries
Authors: Mladenova Emiliya , Slavova Miglena , Abrashev Borislav , Terziev Valentin , Burdin Blagoy , Raikova Gergana 
Published: May 2023

Ni- and Co-oxide materials have promising electrocatalytic properties towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and attract with low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness. The stability of these materials in alkaline media has made them the most studied candidates for practical applications such as a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, we propose a novel concept for a carbon-free gas GDE design. A mixture of catalyst (Co3O4, NiCo2O4) and polytetrafluoroethylene was hot pressed onto a stainless-steel mesh as the current collector. To enhance the electrical conductivity and, thus, increase ORR performances, up to 70 wt.% Ni powder was included. The GDEs produced in this way were examined in a half-cell configuration with a 6 M KOH electrolyte, stainless steel counter electrode, and hydrogen reference electrode at room temperature. Electrochemical tests were performed and coupled with microstructural observations to evaluate the properties of the present oxygen electrodes in terms of their bifunctionality and stability enhancement. The electrochemical behavior of the new types of gas-diffusion electrodes, Ni/Co3O4 and Ni/NiCo2O4, shows acceptable overpotentials for OER and ORR. Better mechanical and chemical stability of electrodes consisting of Ni/NiCo2O4 (70:30 wt.%) was registered. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-023 Full Text: PDF
Overview on Case Study Penetration Testing Models Evaluation
Authors: Al-Ahmad Ahmad S. , Kahtan Hasan , Alzoubi Yehia I. 
Published: May 2023

Model evaluation is a cornerstone of scientific research as it represents the findings' accuracy and model performance. A case study is commonly used in evaluating software engineering models. Due to criticism in terms of generalization from a single case study and testers, deciding on the number of case studies used for evaluation and the number of testers has been one of the researchers’ challenges. Multiple case studies with multiple testers can be difficult in some domains, such as penetration testing, due to the complexity and time needed to prepare test cases. This study aims to review the literature and examine the evaluation methods used pertaining to the number of case studies and testers involved. This study is beneficial for researchers, students, and penetration testers as it provides case study design steps that are useful to determine the appropriate number of test cases and testers required. The paper's findings and novelty highlight that a single case study with a single tester is enough to evaluate a model. It also strikes a balance between what is enough for the evaluation and the need to reduce criticisms of a single case study by using two case studies with a single tester. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-025 Full Text: PDF
Clinical manifestations and neuron-specific enolase cerebrospinal fluid concentration in HIV/AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis
Authors: Seksyaev N. E. , Karakulova Yu. V. , Sosnin D. Yu. 
Published: May 2023

Background. Cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) is one of the most common cause of focal neurological defi cit in HIV/ AIDS group of patients. Timely diagnosis of CT and antiparasitic therapy contribute to decrease of lethal outcomes and disability.Aim. To study neurological manifestations, cognitive functions and neuron-specifi c enolase (NSE) concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in HIV/AIDS patients with CT.Material and methods. The 35 patients (10 females and 25 males) from 28 to 50 years old with confirmed diagnosis of HIV/AIDS-associated CT were included in the investigation group. Neurological status, cognitive function and laboratory CSF changings had been studied in prospective investigation before and during the treatment with control points in the 1st and 10th days of the observation.Results. The method of neurological manifestation of CT evaluation had been developed and implemented in practice. The association between neurological defi cit severity (movement and sensory disorders), cognitive decline and increasing CSF concentration of NSE in HIV/AIDS-associated CT was determined that demonstrates the activity of encephalitic process.Conclusion. Dynamic evaluation of NSE concentration in CSF with clinical assessment of neurological manifestation in patients with HIV/AIDS-associated CT may be used for confirmation of specific antiparasitic treatment effectiveness and for increasing clinical criteria significance.
Associations between cognitive status and geriatric syndromes in institutionalized oldest old
Authors: Isaev R. I. , Mkhitaryan E. A. , Strazhesko I. D. , Vorobyeva N. M. , Ostapenko V. S. , Tkacheva O. N. 
Published: May 2023

Oldest old are the fastest growing age group in most countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. Disability and institutionalization in oldest old is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. The relationship between cognitive status and other geriatric syndromes has not been studied sufficiently in institutionalized oldest old.Objective. To assess the relationship between cognitive status and geriatric syndromes in persons ≥ 90 years, who live in long term care facilities (LTCF).Material and methods. The study involved patients aged ≥ 90 years, who were examined in the LTCF of Moscow. All patients underwent a neuropsychological examination, which included Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), 5-word test, clock-drawing test and verbal fluency. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was carried out for all the subjects. To diagnose the frailty, we used the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The Bartel index was used to assess performance of activities of daily living. Instrumental activities of daily living were assessed using the Lawton scale. Nutritional status was assessed based on the Mini-Nutritional Assessment. The pain intensity syndrome was assessed by visual analogue scale. To detect dinopenia we used dynamometry with manual dynamometer. Statistical data analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 23.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Fischer’s two-sided accurate test was used for two groups comparison. The relationships between the variables were evaluated using binary logistic regression with calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results. Dementia was diagnosed in 69% of patients. According to multivariate analysis, sensory defi ciency (OR 4.23; CI 95% 1.96–9.09; p < 0.001), malnutrition (OR 2.68; CI 95% 1.10–6.52; p = 0.030), fecal incontinence (OR 4.37; CI 95% 2.14–8.90; p < 0.001), frailty (OR 4.23; CI 95%; 1.96–9.09; p < 0.001) are associated with the presence of dementia; an increase in age for every 1 year correlates with an increase in the chances of having dementia by 15%. Urinary incontinence and chronic pain syndrome were noted in more than half of oldest old, constipation syndrome and falls syndrome were detected in more than a third of the subjects, and more than 2/3 of oldest old had dinopenia.Conclusion. The majority of institutionalized oldest old suffer from dementia, while an increase in the chances of having it is associated with frailty, sensory deficiency, malnutrition and an increase in the age of oldest old.
Traumatic Coronary Artery Dissection as A Potential Cause of Acute Myocardial Infraction in Motorcycle Accident
Authors: Tondas Alexander Edo , Tandri Fredy , Zulkarnain Edrian 
Published: May 2023

Background: Chest pain in blunt chest trauma can be caused by various intrathoracic injuries. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and rib fractures are commonly seen in the emergency department. Although cardiac involvement is very rare, the probability should not be excluded.
Case Illustration: A-31-years-old male who complained of chest pain and diaphoresis was brought to the emergency department after a high-speed motorcycle collision. Chest X-ray revealed no abnormality but a 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated ST-segment elevation in lead I, AvL, V2-6, and atrial fibrillation. Because of the unusual presentation, the decision was to proceed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Coronary Angiography detected a thrombus at proximal LAD and spiral dissection at mid LAD (TIMI 2 Flow). After the procedure, he was transferred to the High Care Unit.
Conclusion: Following blunt chest trauma, chest pain in the setting of a vehicle collision can be caused by dissection of the coronary artery. Prompt cardiac workup (ECG, cardiac enzyme, and echocardiography) must be done in a highly suspected patient.
The Incidence of Persistent Symptom and Echocardiographic Findings in Survivors of COVID-19 Infection with Mild Symptoms
Authors: Almazini Prima , Soesanto Amiliana M , Kuncoro Ario S , Ariani Rina , Rudiktyo Estu , Sukmawan Renan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Survived from COVID-19 infection, some patients yet have residual symptoms. Multi-organ and mechanisms of disease can be involved. The data regarding echocardiographic dimension and function of the cardiac in the COVID-19 survivors remains scarce.
Method:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involves a total of 63 subjects. Subjects were employees and medical residents at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, who previously get infected by COVID-19. Each subject was examined transthoracic echocardiography once at the time of recruitment. Echocardiographic parameters obtained in this study included dimension and systolic function of the left ventricle and right ventricle, global longitudinal strain by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography, and myocardial work index.
Result:
More than a half of the subjects experienced persistent symptoms after recovery from COVID-19 infection and mainly was fatigue (33.3%). The timing of data acquisition on the median was 32 days after the negative of the COVID-19 test result. 2D echocardiography measurement of left ventricle indicated mean of end-diastolic diameter and end-systolic diameter was 45 mm and 27 mm, respectively. The mean ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle by Simpson’s biplane method was 61%. The median of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) parameter was 23 mm and the fractional area change (FAC) parameter was 39%. The mean of global longitudinal strain (GLS) was -19.6%.

Conclusion:
After recovery from COVID-19 infection, some survivors may have post-acute infectious consequences of COVID-19 such as fatigue, dyspnea, and malaise. However, echocardiographic findings in those patients with mild symptoms, including 2D echocardiography, myocardial strain analysis, and myocardial work index, indicate normal dimension and systolic function in both left ventricle and right ventricle.
Polycystic testis in bull of Holstein Breed
Authors: Semenov B. , Husainova G. , Kuznetsova T. , Finageev E. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: diagnosis of the disease and the subsequent surgical treatment of the Golstinsky breed bullshit in connection with a violation of the development of the testis.Materials and methods. The object of the study is the Golstein goby, which was born on a farm in Thuringia and then was contained in the general group (15 calves) on a deep straw litter. We carried out an early diagnosis of an animal disease aged 2 weeks, with a mass of 55 kg. During the clinical study, the condition of the calf was recorded as good, he actively took food, the clinical indicators were within normal limits, however, an increase in the volume of the scrotum that was inappropriate for its age was observed, and left -handed cryptorchidism was established. On the palpation of the scrotum, a slight soreness was noted, an increase in the right tested to 5 cm in length, 3 cm in width, the density of the shells of the testis and the fluctuation of the parenchyma. The left seed was not available for research due to its abdominal location. Since there was a rapid increase in the right seed, it was decided to carry out a unilateral castration of a bull to prevent the further development of the pathological process.Results. Castration was carried out with a bloody closed way on a firm ligature. The remote organ in the section did not have a clearly expressed parenchyma, but contained many cystic formations with transparent, liquid contents, in some cysts the contents were an admixture of blood. As a result of the surgical treatment of the bull, a pathologically changed testicist was removed, the second testis, which is abdominal, was left. To date, this disease is not fully studied and requires further thorough studies.
Learning System in Salafi Manhaj Boarding School
Authors: Meliani Fitri , Basri Hasan , Suhartini Andewi 
Published: May 2023

This article explains the development of Islamic education in Indonesia. The focus of the discussion was the Salafist boarding school. This article aims to find a form of Islamic education that develops in Islamic boarding schools with Salafi ideology (manhaj Salafi). This study uses the literature method. This article concludes that Salafist Islamic boarding schools are a new model of Islamic education in Indonesia today. This pesantren model is different from pesantren in general which has long been developed in Indonesia. The triggering factor for its development is the influence of global Islamic currents, and provides variations in Islamic education patterns, especially at Pesantren institution in Indonesia. The curriculum used at the Assunah Islamic Boarding School both in formal and non-formal education is indicated by radicalism as it is known by the public regarding the Salafist community, but it is more directed towards Salafus Saleh, namely following religious behavior based on the Qur'an, Sunah Rasul and the practice of the life of the previous pious (generation of Friends). The materials taught at the Assunah Islamic Boarding School, it has an impact on the Aqidah and Morals of students, where students or the community who diligently follow an education at the Assunnah Islamic Boarding School have strong aqidah, have polite behavior, tawad'u, have a high social spirit and are sincere.
Global South Perspectives on Youth
Authors: Philip Shannon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Young lives in the Global South are shaped by myriad dynamics of colonialism, economic inequalities, race, class, caste, and gendered and generational inequalities. In particular, the colonial legacies and contemporary capitalist inequalities within the global order have powerfully redefined what youth lives are in many countries of the Global South today. In this commentary piece, I argue that there is great value in thinking about youth through empirical, historical, and relational perspectives from the Global South, primarily for analytical sophistication but also to enrich mainstream youth sociology itself. This commentary piece also opens a dialogue between “youth sociology” and “connected sociologies” in order to produce some decolonial Global South perspectives on youth. Through focusing on changing youth cultures in India and South Africa, this commentary explores how neocolonial and neoliberal processes shape youth cultures and the many global relationalities, connections, and inequalities that emerge from thinking comparatively.