bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EARLY PREDICTIVE VALUE OF PRESEPSIN FOR SECONDARY SEPSIS AND MORTALITY IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: Wang Chuanjiang , Zhang Jun , Liu Liyao , Qin Weisheng , Luo Na 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Early prediction of sepsis secondary to SAP developed in the late phase and of related mortality can enable appropriate treatment and improve outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of presepsin in ICU patients with SAP at the early stage and compared it with established blood markers and scoring systems. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 48 septic patients and 53 nonseptic patients admitted to ICU with SAP. Presepsin and other blood markers (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, IL-6, white blood cell, and serum creatinine) on days 1, 3, and 7 after enrollment as well as scoring systems were assessed to predict secondary sepsis. Outcomes were evaluated at ICU discharge and on days 28 and 90. Results: Presepsin levels (on days 1, 3, and 7) were significantly higher in septic patients than in nonseptic patients. Presepsin levels showed an increasing trend over time in both sepsis and nonsepsis groups, but concentrations increased more rapidly in the sepsis group than in the nonsepsis group. Among the analyzed biomarkers, presepsin was the only blood marker independently associated with sepsis secondary to SAP on days 3 and 7, and presepsin on day 3 was independently associated with mortality at ICU discharge and on days 28 and 90. It showed similar or even better predictive accuracy for both secondary sepsis and mortality than procalcitonin and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Conclusion: Presepsin could be a valuable early predictor of secondary sepsis and mortality in patients admitted to the ICU with SAP and may serve as an indicator for early risk stratification.
Synergistic effect of cannabidiol and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on neuropathic and inflammatory pain in mice
Authors: Malta Iago , Netto Gonçalves , dos Santos Rafaela , Veras Flávio , Galdino Giovane 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
Pain is the most common cause of seeking healthcare and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Although cannabidiol and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are effective and safe strategies for treating chronic pain, the combined effect of these interventions remains overlooked. To compare the isolated and combined effect of cannabidiol and TENS in the treatment of experimental neuropathic and inflammatory pain.

Methods
Swiss mice were subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic or carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain models. Cannabidiol or TENS alone and the combination of these therapies were administered once. The nociceptive threshold was measured by the von Frey test. IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokine levels were measured by ELISA from spinal cord samples.

Results
Combined, cannabidiol and TENS potentiate antinociception only in neuropathic pain. IL-1β and TNF-α levels were similarly reduced when TENS or cannabidiol were administered alone or in combination. However, only cannabidiol and TENS combined increased IL-10 levels.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated TENS and cannabidiol combined were effective in potentiating antinociception in a neuropathic pain model, an effect potentially associated with spinal IL-10 upregulation.
Caecal dysfunction in the NL3R451Cmouse model of autism
Authors: Qin Lee Chalystha Yie , Balasuriya Gayathri K. , Herath Madushani , Franks Ashley E. , Hill-Yardin Elisa L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe mouse caecum is a pouch-like structure that is anatomically similar to the human appendix and is hypothesised to serve as a reservoir for commensal bacteria. The gastrointestinal tract is also home to the largest immunological organ of the body and the enteric nervous system (ENS), which regulates gut motility and secretion. The caecum is therefore an ideal location to study neuro-immune-microbe interactions in gut-brain communication. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD; autism) frequently present with gastrointestinal symptoms in addition to core diagnostic behavioural features, implying a gut-brain link. More broadly, changes in gut-brain connectivity are now thought to play a critical role in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we employed a mouse model of autism expressing a missense mutation in the neuroligin-3 post-synaptic protein that affects brain and enteric neuronal activity (NL3R451Cmice). We previously observed abnormal caecal ENS architecture and immune cell morphology in the caecal patch in this model, however it is unknown if caecal function is altered in NL3R451Cmice. Using a tri-cannulation approach to record motility patterns in the mouse caecum, we identified novel caecal motor complexes inex vivopreparations. Caecal permeability and neurally-evoked secretion levels were also studied. Key immune populations including gut macrophages and dendritic cells within the caecal patch were stained using immunofluorescence to investigate shifts in immune activity. Caecal motility patterns in NL3R451Cmice differed from wildtype littermates. Specifically, caecal motor complexes occurred at a higher frequency and for a shorter duration in NL3R451Cmice than in wildtype littermates. In NL3R451Cmice, neurally-evoked caecal secretion was reduced in response to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (DMPP), but permeability was unchanged. Increased numbers of caecal patches were observed in NL3R451Cmice compared to wildtype, with no alterations in morphology of selected immune populations. Future research is warranted to better understand caecal function and how neuro-immune interactions in the caecum affect health and influence GI function in neurodevelopmental disorders via the gut-brain axis.
Flushing water regularly inadequate to protect water quality in gravity-fed water supply systems with storage tanks during long-term lockdown
Authors: Bhaskar Deepika , Singh Gargi 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTFlushing of water is recommended to prevent the growth of opportunistic pathogens, corrosion, and deterioration of the water supply network during short-term lockdowns. However, the efficacy of flushing fixtures in water supply networks with intermittent gravity-fed supply during long-term lockdowns is unknown. A laboratory-scale premise water supply network with a secondary storage tank connected to a gravity-fed drinking water distribution network was operated for 52 weeks to compare the efficacy of flushing water once a day (1D) vs. once in three days (3D) to preserve water quality. The tap water sampled from buildings (building) and overhead tanks (OHTs) prior to the pandemic served as a benchmark for comparison. The water quality trended as 1D = 3D < building < OHTs, with both the 1D and 3D yielding ‘poor’ quality water. The water in 3D had higher levels of 16S rRNA gene copies,sul1, andintI1 relative to 1D; this difference was more pronounced (2-3 orders of magnitude) during summer. The levels ofsul1,intI1, and DNA marker ofLegionella pneumophilain biofilms sampled at the end of the operation of the laboratory-scale premise water supply network trended as elbows > visibly corroded pipes-sections > taps. The levels of heavy metals in some tap water samples exceeded the WHO recommendations and BIS standards for drinking water: 32% of 1D samples (30/93), and 31% of 3D samples (29/93) exceeded the standards for Pb, (10 ppb); while 48% (45/93) of 1D samples and 35% (33/93) of 3D samples exceeded the standards for Fe in drinking water (300 ppb).
The Effects of Expectations and Worries on the Experience of COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: Akintola Titilola , Chung Joyce , Atlas Lauren 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to have profound effects on both mental and physical health. Distress and widespread uncertainty about global events and personal risk are associated with increased worry and negative expectations that impact physical health. Thus, the current pandemic poses a possibility for the experience of nocebo effects.ObjectiveTo evaluate the likelihood of nocebo-induced COVID-19 symptoms in a US sample.MethodsAn online study on the mental health impact of COVID-19 asked participants to complete a set of biweekly surveys over a 6-month period between April 2020 and May 2021. We focus on responses from 3,027 individuals who reported never testing positive for COVID-19. We assessed the association between two types of worry and self-reported symptoms of COVID-19. We used multi-level models to examine variations across and within participants over time. We further investigated the effects of pre-existing health conditions and mental health status.ResultsThere was a positive association between symptoms and both general (b= 2.56, p<0.01) and personal worry (b=2.77, p<0.01). However, worry reported at one timepoint was not specifically associated with symptoms reported two weeks later (p = 0.63, p=0.56). We also found that a greater number of prior clinical comorbidities and greater mental health burden were significant predictors of symptom reporting.ConclusionsThese results suggest that increased worries during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with greater symptoms. Further studies investigating worry and symptoms in populations with confirmed negative COVID-19 tests or isolated populations will be needed to isolate the occurrence of true nocebo effects during the pandemic.
Traces of pubertal brain development and health revealed through domain adapted brain network fusion
Authors: Kraft Dominik , Alnæs Dag , Kaufmann Tobias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPuberty demarks a period of profound brain dynamics that orchestrates changes to a multitude of neuroimaging-derived phenotypes. This poses a dimensionality problem when attempting to chart an individual’s brain development on a single scale. Here, we illustrate shifts in subject similarity of imaging data that relate to pubertal maturation and altered mental health, suggesting that dimensional reference spaces of subject similarity render useful to chart brain dynamics in youths.
An algorithm to identify patients with rare genetic disorders and its real-world data application
Authors: Webb Bryn D. , Lau Lisa Y. , Tsevdos Despina , Shewcraft Ryan A. , Corrigan David , Shi Lisong , Lee Seungwoo , Tyler Jonathan , Li Shilong , Wang Zichen , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Edelmann Lisa , Chen Rong , Schadt Eric E. , Li Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesDevelop a digital phenotyping algorithm (PheIndex) using electronic medical records (EMR) data to identify children aged 0-3 who have been diagnosed with genetic disorders or present with illness with an increased risk for genetic disorders from a mother-child cohort.MethodsWe established 13 criteria for the algorithm where two metrics – a quantified score and a classification – were derived. The criteria and the classification were validated by chart review from a pediatrician and clinical geneticist. To demonstrate the utility of our algorithm in real-world evidence applications, we examined the association between size of carrier screening panel (small/≤4 genes [CS-S] vs large/≥100genes [CS-L]) undertaken by mothers prior to delivery, and children classified as presenting with illness with an increased risk for genetic disorders by our algorithm.ResultsThe PheIndex algorithm identified 1,088 such children out of 93,154 live births and achieved 90% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and 94% accuracy by chart review. We found that children whose mothers received CS-L were less likely to be classified as presenting with illness with an increased risk for genetic disorders and a decreased need to have multiple specialist visits and multiple ER visits, compared to children whose mothers received CS-S.ConclusionsThe PheIndex algorithm can help identify when a rare genetic disorder may be present, and has the potential to improve healthcare delivery by alerting providers to consider ordering a diagnostic genetic test and/or referring a patient to a medical geneticist or other specialists.Article SummaryAlgorithm using EMR data to identify children who have been diagnosed with a genetic disorder or present with illness with increased risk of genetic disorders.What’s known on this subjectWith over 7000 Mendelian disorders, identifying children with a specific rare genetic disorder diagnosis through structured EMR data is challenging given incompleteness of records, inaccurate medical diagnosis coding, as well as heterogeneity in clinical symptoms and procedures for specific disorders.What this study addsWe developed a digital phenotyping algorithm using electronic medical records (EMR) data to identify children aged 0-3 who have been diagnosed with genetic disorders or present with illness with an increased risk for genetic disorders from a mother-child cohort.
Distinct tumor architectures for metastatic colonization of the brain
Authors: Gan Siting , Macalinao Danilo G. , Shahoei Sayyed Hamed , Tian Lin , Jin Xin , Basnet Harihar , Muller James T. , Atri Pranita , Seffar Evan , Chatila Walid , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina , Schultz Nikolaus , Brogi Edi , Bale Tejus A. , Pe’er Dana , Massagué Joan 
Published: January 2023

SummaryBrain metastasis is a dismal cancer complication, hinging on the initial survival and outgrowth of disseminated cancer cells. To understand these crucial early stages of colonization, we investigated two prevalent sources of cerebral relapse, triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2+ breast cancer (HER2BC). We show that these tumor types colonize the brain aggressively, yet with distinct tumor architectures, stromal interfaces, and autocrine growth programs. TNBC forms perivascular sheaths with diffusive contact with astrocytes and microglia. In contrast, HER2BC forms compact spheroids prompted by autonomous extracellular matrix components and segregating stromal cells to their periphery. Single-cell transcriptomic dissection reveals canonical Alzheimer’s disease-associated microglia (DAM) responses. Differential engagement of tumor-DAM signaling through the receptor AXL suggests specific pro-metastatic functions of the tumor architecture in both TNBC perivascular and HER2BC spheroidal colonies. The distinct spatial features of these two highly efficient modes of brain colonization have relevance for leveraging the stroma to treat brain metastasis.
Subcortical correlates of consciousness with human single neuron recordings
Authors: Pereira Michael , Faivre Nathan , Bernasconi Fosco , Brandmeir Nicholas , Suffridge Jacob , Tran Kaylee , Wang Shuo , Finomore Victor , Konrad Peter , Rezai Ali , Blanke Olaf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSubcortical brain structures such as the subthalamic nucleus or the thalamus are involved in regulating motor and cognitive behavior. However, their contribution to perceptual consciousness is still unclear, due to the inherent difficulties of recording subcortical neuronal activity in humans. Here, we asked neurological patients undergoing surgery for deep brain stimulation to detect weak vibrotactile stimuli applied on their hand while recording single neuron activity from the tip of a microelectrode. We isolated putative single neurons in the subthalamic nucleus and thalamus. A significant proportion of neurons modulated their activity while participants were expecting a stimulus. We found that the firing rate of 23% of these neurons differed between detected and undetected stimuli. Our results provide direct neurophysiological evidence of the involvement of the subthalamic nucleus and the thalamus for the detection of vibrotactile stimuli, thereby calling for a less cortico-centric view of the neural correlates of consciousness.
Can a fish learn to ride a bicycle? Sensorimotor adaptation to destabilizing dynamics in the weakly electric fishEigenmannia virescens
Authors: Yang Yu , Yared Dominic G. , Cowan Noah J. 
Published: January 2023

1AbstractHumans and other animals can readily learn to compensate for destabilizing dynamics, such as balancing an object or riding a bicycle. How does the nervous system learn to compensate for such destabilizing dynamics, and what are the benefits of the newly learned control policies? To investigate these questions, we examined how the weakly electric glass knifefish,Eigenmannia virescens, retunes its control system in the face of novel, destabilizing dynamics. Using a real-time feedback system, we measured swimming movements as seven individual fish tracked a moving refuge, and we fed the swimming movements back through novel dynamics to alter the refuge motion, creating an artificially destabilizing reafferent loop. We discovered that fish learned to retune their sensorimotor controllers as the artificially destabilizing feedback was gradually introduced. Furthermore, when the artificial feedback was extinguished, fish exhibited a clear aftereffect, retaining their learned sensorimotor controllers for several minutes before washing out. This retuning of the control system under destabilizing dynamics: (i) improved tracking performance compared to the predicted performance had fish not re-tuned their baseline controller, (ii) reduced sensitivity of the sensorimotor system to low-frequency disturbances, such as would arise from turbulence or motor noise, and (iii) improved phase margin, a measure of stability robustness, despite the artificial feedback driving the putative baseline control system towards instability. Our study sheds light on how the nervous system adapts to changing closed-loop dynamics, and how those changes impact performance and stability; the presence of aftereffects suggest a plasticity-based mechanism reminiscent of cerebellar learning.
Intralimb locomotor coordination in rats walking on asymmetric pegway
Authors: Hanna Kacie , Salido Ezequiel M , Lal Neha , Tuntevski Kiril , Yakovenko Sergiy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComplex movements such as walking or reaching are generated by a sequence of muscle actions. How these coordinated actions subserve complex movements and their recovery after disruption remains unknown. The use of high throughput recording-stimulation systems with microelectrode access to structures along the neuraxis may complement the neurological models in rodents. To this purpose, we have trained rats to perform the precise foot placement locomotor task that allows us to assess skilled locomotor movements. Animals were pretrained on the peg walkway task, which was configured to impose either symmetric or asymmetric (with overstepping) locomotor stepping at preferred stride length. Selected forelimb muscles were implanted with intramuscular differential electrodes. After a week of recovery, we collected electromyography from the implanted muscles and ground reaction forces from the array of force sensors embedded into walkway pegs. The temporal relationship between muscle bursts was measured for each intralimb set of muscles (n=13) in symmetric and asymmetric stepping. The sequence corresponded to the progression of muscle actions responsible for limb lift, flexion and transport, overground clearance, and preparation for ground contact. The stereotyped spatiotemporal sequence of muscle activity was persistent and mirroring across the asymmetric tasks. These patterns are similar to those observed in cats during locomotion with and without obstacles and reaching movements. These findings support the hypothesis that the profiles of muscle activations are qualitatively similar across quadrupeds during precise locomotor tasks.New and NoteworthyWe characterize for the first time the spatiotemporal muscle activation in rat forelimb during precise asymmetric stepping on asymmetrically placed rungs. Similar to cats, the intralimb pattern of muscle activation in rats was stereotypical. The elements of this pattern were changing in a lateralized fashion based on the direction of the imposed asymmetry. The similarity of pattern to that of cats supports the idea of similarity of neural control across cat and rat species.
Characterization and decontamination of background noise in droplet-based single-cell protein expression data with DecontPro
Authors: Yin Yuan , Yajima Masanao , Campbell Joshua D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAssays such as CITE-seq can measure the abundance of cell surface proteins on individual cells using antibody derived tags (ADTs). However, many ADTs have high levels of background noise that can obfuscate down-stream analyses. Using an exploratory analysis of PBMC datasets, we find that some droplets that were originally called “empty” due to low levels of RNA contained high levels of ADTs and likely corresponded to neutrophils. We identified a novel type of artifact in the empty droplets called a “spongelet” which has medium levels of ADT expression and is distinct from ambient noise. ADT expression levels in the spongelets correlate to ADT expression levels in the background peak of true cells in several datasets suggesting that they can contribute to background noise along with ambient ADTs. We then developed DecontPro, a novel Bayesian hierarchical model that can decontaminate ADT data by estimating and removing contamination from these sources. DecontPro outperforms other decontamination tools in removing aberrantly expressed ADTs while retaining native ADTs and in improving clustering specificity. Overall, these results suggest that identification of empty drops should be performed separately for RNA and ADT data and that DecontPro can be incorporated into CITE-seq workflows to improve the quality of downstream analyses.
Multifunctional ferromagnetic fiber robots for navigation, sensing, and treatment in minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Zhang Yujing , Wu Xiaobo , Vadlamani Ram Anand , Lim Youngmin , Kim Jongwoon , David Kailee , Gilbert Earl , Li You , Wang Ruixuan , Jiang Shan , Wang Anbo , Sontheimer Harald , English Daniel , Emori Satoru , Davalos Rafael V. , Poelzing Steven , Jia Xiaoting 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmall-scale robots capable of remote active steering and navigation offer great potential for biomedical applications. However, the current design and manufacturing procedure impede their miniaturization and integration of various diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities. Here, we present a robotic fiber platform for integrating navigation, sensing, and therapeutic functions at a submillimeter scale. These fiber robots consist of ferromagnetic, electrical, optical, and microfluidic components, fabricated with a thermal drawing process. Under magnetic actuation, they can navigate through complex and constrained environments, such as artificial vessels and brain phantoms. Moreover, we utilize Langendorff mouse hearts model, glioblastoma microplatforms, and in vivo mouse models to demonstrate the capabilities of sensing electrophysiology signals and performing localized treatment. Additionally, we demonstrate that the fiber robots can serve as endoscopes with embedded waveguides. These fiber robots provide a versatile platform for targeted multimodal detection and treatment at hard-to-reach locations in a minimally invasive and remotely controllable manner.