bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratified modestly weighted log‐rank tests in settings with an anticipated delayed separation of survival curves
Authors: Magirr Dominic , Jiménez José L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDelayed separation of survival curves is a common occurrence in confirmatory studies in immuno‐oncology. Many novel statistical methods that aim to efficiently capture potential long‐term survival improvements have been proposed in recent years. However, the vast majority do not consider stratification, which is a major limitation considering that most large confirmatory studies currently employ a stratified primary analysis. In this article, we combine recently proposed weighted log‐rank tests that have been designed to work well under a delayed separation of survival curves, with stratification by a baseline variable. The aim is to increase the efficiency of the test when the stratifying variable is highly prognostic for survival. As there are many potential ways to combine the two techniques, we compare several possibilities in an extensive simulation study. We also apply the techniques retrospectively to two recent randomized clinical trials.
Optofluidic identification of single microorganisms using fiber‐optical‐tweezer‐based Raman spectroscopy with artificial neural network
Authors: Lin Chenghong , Li Xiaofeng , Wu Tianli , Xu Jiaqi , Gong Zhiyong , Chen Taiheng , Li Baojun , Li Yuchao , Guo Jinghui , Zhang Yao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRapid and accurate detection of microorganisms is critical to clinical diagnosis. As Raman spectroscopy promises label‐free and culture‐free detection of biomedical objects, it holds the potential to rapidly identify microorganisms in a single step. To stabilize the microorganism for spectrum collection and to increase the accuracy of real‐time identification, we propose an optofluidic method for single microorganism detection in microfluidics using optical‐tweezing‐based Raman spectroscopy with artificial neural network. A fiber optical tweezer was incorporated into a microfluidic channel to generate optical forces that trap different species of microorganisms at the tip of the tweezer and their Raman spectra were simultaneously collected. An artificial neural network was designed and employed to classify the Raman spectra of the microorganisms, and the identification accuracy reached 94.93%. This study provides a promising strategy for rapid and accurate diagnosis of microbial infection on a lab‐on‐a‐chip platform.
Metformin use and hospital attendance‐related resources utilization among diabetic patients with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Hui Jeremy Man Ho , Chung Cheuk To , Liu Kang , Dee Edward Christopher , Ng Kenrick , Tse Gary , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Ng Chi Fai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT), used increasingly in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), negatively influences glycemic control in diabetes and is associated with an increased risk of diabetes complications where hospitalization commonly ensues. Metformin could decrease the metabolic consequences of ADT and enhance its effect. This study examined the association of metformin use with healthcare resources utilization among diabetic, PCa patients receiving ADT.MethodsDiabetic adults with PCa on ADT in Hong Kong between December 1999 and March 2021 were identified. Patients with <6 months of concurrent metformin and ADT use were excluded. All included patients were followed up until September 2021. The outcomes were hospital attendances and related costs.ResultsIn total, 1,284 metformin users and 687 non‐users were studied. Over 8,045 person‐years, 9,049 accident and emergency (A&E), and 21,262 inpatient attendances, with 11,2781 days of hospitalization were observed. Metformin users had significantly fewer A&E attendances (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.61 [95% confidence interval 0.54–0.69], p < 0.001), inpatient attendances (IRR: 0.57 [0.48–0.67], p < 0.001), and days of hospitalization (IRR: 0.55 [0.42–0.72], p < 0.001). Annual attendance costs were lower for metformin users than non‐users (cost ratio: 0.28 [0.10–0.80], p = 0.017).ConclusionsMetformin use was associated with decreased hospital attendances, days of hospitalization, and associated costs, which could help reduce healthcare resource utilization following ADT in the treatment of PCa.
Combined all‐trans retinoic acid with low‐dose apatinib in treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: A single‐center, secondary analysis of a phase II study
Authors: Ye Lulu , Zhang Lin , Li Rongrong , Pan Xinhua , Li Jiang , Dou Shengjin , Jiang Wen , Wang Chong , Chen Wantao , Zhu Guopei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment options are limited for recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M ACCHN). We aimed to evaluate the preliminary results of the efficacy and safety of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with low‐dose apatinib in patients with R/M ACCHN according to a secondary analysis of a phase II study.MethodsPatients from a phase II study (NCT02775370) who orally administered 500 milligram (mg) apatinib daily until treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) intolerance or progression occurred were eligible for inclusion. Patients were further treated with combination therapy of ATRA (25 mg/m2/day) and apatinib (250 mg/day) between March 2019 and October 2021 until progression of disease (PD).ResultsA total of 16 patients were included with nine (56.3%) males and aged 35–69 years old. All recruited patients previously received anti‐angiogenic therapy then withdrew due to toxicities or progression occurred. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 18.8% and 100%, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 23.9 months (range:17.8–31.7 months), 11 (68.8%) patients developed PD and one of them died in 20.9 months. The median of progression‐free survival (PFS) was 16.3 months (95% CI: 7.2–25.4 months), and the 6‐month, 12‐month, and 24‐month PFS rates were 100%, 81.3%, and 33.3%, respectively. The grade 3 adverse events were albuminuria (n = 2, 12.5%) and hand‐foot syndrome (n = 1, 6.25%).ConclusionAll‐trans retinoic acid combined with low‐dose apatinib might be a potential efficacy therapeutic option for patients with R/M ACCHN. This finding will be further confirmed by our registered ongoing trial, the APLUS study (NCT 04433169).
Hepatic failure associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: An analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Xu Ye , Yan Cilin , Zhao Ying , Li Dandan , Guo Mingxing , Cui Xiangli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatic failure induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been reported in only a few case series and case reports.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the association between ICIs and hepatic failure and characterize the clinical features of ICI‐associated hepatic failure in the pharmacovigilance database.MethodsData from the first quarter (Q1) of 2015 to the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2021 in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database were retrieved for disproportionality and Bayesian analysis. Reporting odds ratios (ROR) and information component (IC) were used to evaluate correlations between ICIs and hepatic failure.ResultsHepatic failure occurred in 0.19% (18,454/9,647,655) of all cases in the FAERS database, of which 654 cases were associated with ICIs. The overall median time from ICIs initiation to hepatic failure onset was 38 days, 72.3% of the adverse events occurred within the first 3 months, and 68.65% of the cases died after developing hepatic failure. In general, a strong signal was shown between ICIs and hepatic failure (ROR025 = 2.70, IC025 = 1.39). For the three categories of ICIs, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitors (ROR025 = 3.09, IC025 = 1.57) had a higher risk signal than programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 inhibitors. For monotherapy, atezolizumab showed the strongest risk signal (ROR025 = 4.07, IC025 = 1.90). The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab showed stronger signals of hepatic failure compared with nivolumab or ipilimumab alone (nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. ipilimumab: ROR025 = 1.40, IC025 = 0.16; nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab: ROR025 = 1.24, IC025 = 0.34). Considering the concomitant agents used with ICIs, the majority of these regimens showed stronger signals than ICI monotherapy, such as acetaminophen (ICIs + acetaminophen vs. ICIs: ROR025 = 1.06, IC025 = 0.32).ConclusionsICIs had possible strong signals associated with hepatic failure, and most cases of hepatic failure occurred within the first 3 months and had poor outcomes, which should attract clinical attention.
Cortisol response in children with cancer and fever during chemotherapy: A prospective, observational study using random serum cortisol levels
Authors: Boekstegers Ann , Schmidt Heinrich , Kurzay Mathias , Vallée Tanja , Jung Eva , Dubinski Ilja , Maxwell Rebecca , Schmid Irene 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlucocorticoids are crucial components of the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. High doses can lead to suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and be causative for an impaired stress response during infection. This study aims to evaluate the cortisol response in pediatric oncologic patients during febrile episodes.MethodsTotally, 75 children and adolescents (5 months—18 years) with fever during chemotherapy were consecutively enrolled in this study. In total, 47 patients received glucocorticoids as part of their treatment. Random serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were analyzed in every patient. A low cortisol response (LCR) was defined as a cortisol level < 14.6 μg/dL.ResultsIn total, 52 (69%) patients had a cortisol level < 14.6 μg/dL during fever. There was no significant difference between patients who received glucocorticoids and those who did not. Significantly lower cortisol levels were measured ≤7 days after last glucocorticoid intake compared to later time points. Nearly all patients treated with dexamethasone or prophylactic posaconazole demonstrated a LCR under stress (fever).ConclusionThe incidence of an impaired HPA axis in pediatric cancer patients might be underestimated since 69% of the children in our study had a LCR during fever. Intake of dexamethasone, posaconazole and a time period of ≤7 days from the last glucocorticoid intake were additional risk factors for an LCR. However, we could not confirm that patients with a LCR fared worse than patients with a high cortisol response (HCR). Therefore, a different cortisol threshold may be necessary for defining an impaired HPA axis in febrile oncologic patients without concomitant symptoms of AI.
Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Longifolene‐Derived Tetraline Fused Thiazole‐Amide Derivatives
Authors: Lan Hailang , Zhu Xiaping , Lin Guishan , Duan Wengui , Cui Yucheng , Li Fangyao , Li Dianpeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwenty novel longifolene‐derived tetraline fused thiazole‐amide compounds were synthesized from longifolene, a renewable natural resource. Their structures were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, ESI‐MS, and elemental analysis. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of these compounds against SK‐OV‐3 ovarian cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 human breast cancer cell lines, HepG2 human liver cancer cell lines, A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and T‐24 human bladder cancer cell lines was tested by MTT assay. Compounds 6a–6c displayed significant and broad‐spectrum antiproliferative activity against almost the tested cancer cell lines with IC50 in the range of 7.84 to 55.88 μM, of which compound 6c exhibited excellent antiproliferative activities with 7.84 μM IC50 against SKOV‐3, 13.68 μM IC50 against HepG2, 15.69 μM IC50 against A549, 19.13 μM IC50 against MCF‐7, and 22.05 μM IC50 against T‐24, showing better and broad‐spectrum antiproliferative effect than that of the positive control 5‐FU. Furthermore, the action model was analyzed by the molecular docking study. Some intriguing structure‐activity relationships were found and discussed herein by DFT theoretical calculation.
Missed bronchial web in a 4‐year‐old boy with foreign body aspiration: A case report
Authors: Mirzandeh del Mahsa , Abedini Atefeh , Rahimi Fatemehsadat , Afaghi Siamak , Kiani Arda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCongenital bronchial webs are extremely rare and usually remain undiagnosed due to nonspecific symptoms. Herein, we reported a 4‐year‐old case of the bronchial web who was initially undiagnosed upon bronchoscopy following foreign body aspiration and afterward misdiagnosed as childhood asthma through his consistent cough and exertional dyspnea for several months.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and chiroptical properties of planarly and axially chiral boranils
Authors: Macé Aurélie , Hamrouni Khaoula , Matozzo Paola , Coehlo Max , Firlej Jakub , Aloui Faouzi , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Caytan Elsa , Cordier Marie , Pieters Grégory , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Berrée Fabienne , Carboni Bertrand , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract2‐Amino[2.2]paracyclophane reacts with salicylaldehyde or 2‐hydroxyacetophenone to yield imines that then give access to a new series of boranils (8b–d) upon complexation with BF2. These novel boron‐containing compounds display both planar and axial chiralities and were examined experimentally and computationally. In particular, their photophysical and chiroptical properties were studied and compared to newly prepared, simpler boranils (9a–d) exhibiting axial chirality only. Less sophisticated chiral architectures were shown to demonstrate overall stronger circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity.
Variable selection in additive models via hierarchical sparse penalty
Authors: Wen Canhong , Chen Anan , Wang Xueqin , Pan Wenliang ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a popular tool for nonlinear models, additive models work efficiently with nonparametric estimation. However, naively applying the existing regularization method can result in misleading outcomes because of the basis sparsity in each variable. In this article, we consider variable selection in additive models via a combination of variable selection and basis selection, yielding a joint selection of variables and basis functions. A novel penalty function is proposed for basis selection to address the hierarchical structure as well as the sparsity assumption. Under some mild conditions, we establish theoretical properties including the support recovery consistency. We also derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the estimator and develop an efficient algorithm based on it. Our new methodology and results are supported by simulation and real data examples.
Posttraumatic growth in colorectal cancer survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Chen Xuan , Zhou Junrui , Loke Alice Yuen , Li Qiuping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnosis of cancer is an adverse event; nevertheless, it can also exert positive changes on survivors, such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). This review aims to integrate researches on PTG in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, including manifestations and prevalence of PTG, factors associated with PTG and interventions on PTG.MethodsA systematic search was implemented on six databases to identify studies on PTG in CRC survivors published in English or Chinese from October 1995 to May 2022. We also performed a manual search for additional studies from the article reference lists.ResultsThirty‐one studies were included. The results were integrated based on the PTG theoretical framework and PTG affective–cognitive processing model. PTG manifests in CRC survivor–caregiver dyads in five domains, including personal growth, appreciation of life, relating to others, new possibilities and spiritual change. Factors correlated with PTG can be integrated into levels of personality, event cognitions, appraisal mechanisms, emotional states, coping and social environmental context. Elements of interventions can be integrated according to the affective–cognitive processing PTG model. Existing interventions are effective in promoting PTG in CRC survivors.ConclusionWe provide a systematic perspective on studies targeting PTG in CRC survivors. PTG manifested in survivor–caregiver dyads. Factors associated with PTG in CRC survivors are significant, and the interventions are effective. An intervention programme based on the affective–cognitive processing model and focused on CRC survivor–caregiver dyads would be significant for the dyads facing cancer.
Yield improvement and yield components: A comparison of corn and soybean
Authors: Egli Dennis B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how crop plants changed to accommodate historical yield improvement contributes to a fuller understanding of the response of the crop to management practices. Data sets of yield and plant population from field experiments for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were compiled from the literature to evaluate changes in yield and yield components. Most of the data came from management studies and, when there were differences among treatments, the highest‐yielding treatment was used. Yield plant−1 was calculated from yield and plant population. The data sets included both irrigated and non‐irrigated experiments with a total of 231 observations (1906 to 2019) for corn and 172 (1919 to 2018) for soybean. The yield data did not segregate by irrigation treatment, so the data were pooled for analyses. The yield increased linearly for both species (10.4 g m−2 d−1 for corn and 2.6 g m−2 d−1 for soybean). Plant population increased steadily for corn (fivefold) while there was no significant change for soybean. The consistent yield increase coupled with different population trends resulted in completely different trends in yield plant−1. Yield plant−1 increased in soybean while there was no change in corn. The soybean plant had the flexibility to accommodate the more than twofold increase in yield plant−1. The corn plant is potentially flexible, but the flexibility did not play a major role in hybrid improvement, so it was necessary to increase the population to accommodate higher yields.
A common ground switched capacitor‐based single‐phase five‐level transformerless inverter for photovoltaic application
Authors: Singh Neti Sukhdev , Singh Varsha 
Published: February 2023

SummaryTransformerless inverters (TLI) are widely accepted in photovoltaic (PV) systems. With the application of TLI, the bulky transformer from the conventional system can be removed, enhancing the PV system's compactness, cost, and efficiency. The direct connection of PV to the grid through the TLI causes common mode voltage (CMV). The variation of CMV causes the leakage current (LC) in the TLI topology. This paper suggests a new topology of five‐level TLI for the PV system. The problem of LC is mitigated by providing common ground (CG) for both PV and the grid neutral. This topology uses only five switches, a diode, two DC link capacitors, and a switched capacitor (SC) to produce the five‐level output voltage. Only two switches are conducted for positive and negative voltage level generation. The charging current of the SC is limited by using the front‐end inductor. A level‐shifted pulse width modulation (LS‐PWM) is adopted for generating the gate pulses. A detailed mathematical approach has been suggested for the component selection and the losses associated with it through theoretical calculation and simulation. Further, an explicit comparative study is performed with existing similar kinds of topologies to claim the merits of the proposed topology. This topology is validated using both MATLAB/Simulink and the laboratory prototype model for a 1 kW system. It is observed that the voltage stress and current stress across the component are very less. Overall, the component count is reduced and helps to get an enhanced efficiency of 96.7%.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of left ventricular systolic dysfunction or pulmonary congestion after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hamilton Eleonora , Desta Liyew , Lundberg Anna , Alfredsson Joakim , Christersson Christina , Erlinge David , Kellerth Thomas , Lindmark Krister , Omerovic Elmir , Reitan Christian , Jernberg Tomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim was to describe the prevalence, characteristics, and outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) developing left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction or pulmonary congestion by applying different criteria to define the population.Methods and resultsIn patients with MI included in the Swedish web‐system for enhancement and development of evidence‐based care in heart disease (SWEDEHEART) registry, four different sets of criteria were applied, creating four not mutually exclusive subsets of patients: patients with MI and ejection fraction (EF) < 50% and/or pulmonary congestion (subset 1); EF < 40% and/or pulmonary congestion (subset 2); EF < 40% and/or pulmonary congestion and at least one high‐risk feature (subset 3, PARADISE‐MI like); and EF < 50% and no diabetes mellitus (subset 4, DAPA‐MI like). Subsets 1, 2, 3, and 4 constituted 31.6%, 15.0%, 12.8%, and 22.8% of all patients with MI (n = 87 177), respectively. The age and prevalence of different co‐morbidities varied between subsets. For median age, 70 to 77, for diabetes mellitus, 22 to 33%; for chronic kidney disease, 22 to 38%, for prior MI, 17 to 21%, for atrial fibrillation, 7 to 14%, and for ST‐elevations, 38 to 50%. The cumulative incidence of death or heart failure hospitalization at 3 years was 17.4% (95% CI: 17.1–17.7%) in all MIs; 26.9% (26.3–27.4%) in subset 1; 37.6% (36.7–38.5%) in subset 2; 41.8% (40.7–42.8%) in subset 3; and 22.6% (22.0–23.2%) in subset 4.ConclusionsDepending on the definition, LV systolic dysfunction or pulmonary congestion is present in 13–32% of all patients with MI and is associated with a two to three times higher risk of subsequent death or HF admission. There is a need to optimize management and improve outcomes for this high‐risk population.