bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐exome sequencing analyses in a Saudi Ischemic Stroke Cohort reveal association signals, and shows polygenic risk scores are related to Modified Rankin Scale Risk
Authors: Alkhamis Fahad A. , Alabdali Majed M. , Alsulaiman Abdulla A. , Alamri Abdullah S. , Alali Rudaynah , Akhtar Mohammed S. , Alsalman Sadiq A. , Cyrus Cyril , Albakr Aishah I. , Alduhalan Anas S. , Gandla Divya , Al-Romaih Khaldoun , Abouelhoda Mohamed , Loza Bao-Li , Keating Brendan , Al-Ali Amein K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke represents a significant societal burden across the globe. Rare high penetrant monogenic variants and less pathogenic common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described as being associated with risk of diseases. Genetic studies in Saudi Arabian patients offer a greater opportunity to detect rare high penetrant mutations enriched in these consanguineous populations. We performed whole exome sequencing on 387 ischemic stroke subjects from Saudi Arabian hospital networks with up to 20,230 controls from the Saudi Human Genome Project and performed gene burden analyses of variants in 177 a priori loci derived from knowledge-driven curation of monogenic and genome-wide association studies of stroke. Using gene-burden analyses, we observed significant associations in numerous loci under autosomal dominant and/or recessive modelling. Stroke subjects with modified Rankin Scale (mRSs) above 3 were found to carry greater cumulative polygenic risk score (PRS) from rare variants in stroke genes (standardized PRS mean > 0) compared to the population average (standardized PRS mean = 0). However, patients with mRS of 3 or lower had lower cumulative genetic risk from rare variants in stroke genes (OR (95%CI) = 1.79 (1.29–2.49), p = 0.0005), with the means of standardized PRS at or lower than 0. In conclusion, gene burden testing in Saudi stroke populations reveals a number of statistically significant signals under different disease inheritance models. However, interestingly, stroke subjects with mRS of 3 or lower had lower cumulative genetic risk from rare variants in stroke genes and therefore, determining the potential mRS cutoffs to use for clinical significance may allow risk stratification of this population.
Mediation als Erfolgsfaktor bei der Planung und Umsetzung von Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen
Authors: Braig Katharina Franziska , Ehlers-Hofherr Angela 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungMaßnahmen des Klimaschutzes – insbesondere der Ausbau der Erneuerbare Energien –
aber auch der Klimaanpassung stoßen auf einen immer breiter werdenden Grundkonsens in der Bevölkerung,
führen aber auch zu gesellschaftlichen Konflikten. Mediation kann dabei mehr als ein reines Konfliktlösungsinstrument
sein. Vielmehr kann Mediation längerfristige Effekte erzielen, indem sie die Beteiligten anregt, konstruktive
statt destruktive Gedanken zu verfolgen, unter Beachtung der Fakten nach Lösungen statt Problemen zu
suchen und damit zum einen die Möglichkeit der Selbstwirksamkeit der Beteiligten eröffnet und
zu mehr Vertrauen zwischen Bürgern, Zivilgesellschaft, Politik und Verwaltung beitragen kann. Der
Beitrag skizziert Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Intensivierung und Systematisierung von Mediation
im Kontext von Konflikten, die bei der Planung und Durchführung von Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen
auftreten.
Tiefseebergbau: Mining Code quo vadis?
Authors: Jenisch Uwe 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Internationale Seerechtsübereinkommen (SRÜ) der Vereinten Nationen von 1982, in Kraft
seit 1994, nebst seinem Durchführungsübereinkommen regelt den Tiefseebergbau unter der Regie der
International Seabed Authority ISA. Sie hat bisher 31 Lizenzen zur Exploration von Lagerstätten vergeben
und bereitet nun einen Mining Code für den industriellen Abbau vor. Gegner und Befürworter des
Tiefseebergbaus stehen sich unversöhnlich in der Frage gegenüber, ob Rohstoffsicherung oder maximaler
Schutz der submarinen Lebensräume Vorrang haben. Der Konflikt eskalierte 2021, als das erste Bergbauunternehmen
die “trigger-Klausel” des Seerechts aktivierte und eine kurzfristige Abbaulizenz verlangte.
Dieser Bericht gibt eine Übersicht über die vielfältigen Bemühungen der ISA, zuletzt
in ihrer Jahrestagung 2022, einerseits den Tiefseebergbau in Gang zu bringen und andererseits die Eingriffe
in die Tiefsee zu minimieren. Angesichts aktueller Krisen geht es am Beispiel des Tiefseebergbaus um die
konkreten Fragen des globalen Umweltschutzes und der Rohstoffversorgung für nachhaltige neue Technologien
und Industrien. Für 2023 sind Weichenstellungen zu erwarten.
Reform des EU-Emissionshandels
Authors: Frenz Walter 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie EU hat ein anspruchsvolles Reformpaket für den EU-Emissionshandel auf den Weg gebracht und
die CO2-Reduktionsziele erheblich verschärft. Zudem steht die Etablierung eines eigenen Emissionshandels
für Gebäude und Verkehr an – entsprechend dem BEHG, das daher zur Vermeidung von Doppelbelastungen
anzupassen ist.
Identifying bird species by their calls in Soundscapes
Authors: Maclean Kyle , Triguero Isaac 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn many real data science problems, it is common to encounter a domain mismatch between the training and testing datasets, which means that solutions designed for one may not transfer well to the other due to their differences. An example of such was in the BirdCLEF2021 Kaggle competition, where participants had to identify all bird species that could be heard in audio recordings. Thus, multi-label classifiers, capable of coping with domain mismatch, were required. In addition, classifiers needed to be resilient to a long-tailed (imbalanced) class distribution and weak labels. Throughout the competition, a diverse range of solutions based on convolutional neural networks were proposed. However, it is unclear how different solution components contribute to overall performance. In this work, we contextualise the problem with respect to the previously existing literature, analysing and discussing the choices made by the different participants. We also propose a modular solution architecture to empirically quantify the effects of different architectures. The results of this study provide insights into which components worked well for this challenge.
Worth the Risk? Greater Acceptance of Instrumental Harm Befalling Men than Women
Authors: Graso Maja , Reynolds Tania , Aquino Karl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScientific and organizational interventions often involve trade-offs whereby they benefit some but entail costs to others (i.e., instrumental harm; IH). We hypothesized that the gender of the persons incurring those costs would influence intervention endorsement, such that people would more readily support interventions inflicting IH onto men than onto women. We also hypothesized that women would exhibit greater asymmetries in their acceptance of IH to men versus women. Three experimental studies (two pre-registered) tested these hypotheses. Studies 1 and 2 granted support for these predictions using a variety of interventions and contexts. Study 3 tested a possible boundary condition of these asymmetries using contexts in which women have traditionally been expected to sacrifice more than men: caring for infants, children, the elderly, and the ill. Even in these traditionally female contexts, participants still more readily accepted IH to men than women. Findings indicate people (especially women) are less willing to accept instrumental harm befalling women (vs. men). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications and limitations of our findings.
Measuring and addressing health equity: an assessment of cancer center designation requirements
Authors: Semprini Jason T. , Biddell Caitlin B. , Eberth Jan M. , Charlton Mary E. , Nash Sarah H. , Yeager Katherine A. , Evans Donoria , Madhivanan Purnima , Brandt Heather M. , Askelson Natoshia M. , Seaman Aaron T. , Zahnd Whitney E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
By requiring specific measures, cancer endorsements (e.g., accreditations, designations, certifications) promote high-quality cancer care. While 'quality' is the defining feature, less is known about how these endorsements consider equity. Given the inequities in access to high-quality cancer care, we assessed the extent to which equity structures, processes, and outcomes were required for cancer center endorsements.

Methods
We performed a content analysis of medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, and research hospital endorsements from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), respectively. We analyzed requirements for equity-focused content and compared how each endorsing body included equity as a requirement along three axes: structures, processes, and outcomes.

Results
ASCO guidelines centered on processes assessing financial, health literacy, and psychosocial barriers to care. ASTRO guidelines related to language needs and processes to address financial barriers. CoC equity-related guidelines focused on processes addressing financial and psychosocial concerns of survivors, and hospital-identified barriers to care. NCI guidelines considered equity related to cancer disparities research, inclusion of diverse groups in outreach and clinical trials, and diversification of investigators. None of the guidelines explicitly required measures of equitable care delivery or outcomes beyond clinical trial enrollment.

Conclusion
Overall, equity requirements were limited. Leveraging the influence and infrastructure of cancer quality endorsements could enhance progress toward achieving cancer care equity. We recommend that endorsing organizations 1) require cancer centers to implement processes for measuring and tracking health equity outcomes and 2) engage diverse community stakeholders to develop strategies for addressing discrimination.
On the solution stability of parabolic optimal control problems
Authors: Corella Alberto Domínguez , Jork Nicolai , Veliov Vladimir M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe paper investigates stability properties of solutions of optimal control problems constrained by semilinear parabolic partial differential equations. Hölder or Lipschitz dependence of the optimal solution on perturbations are obtained for problems in which the equation and the objective functional are affine with respect to the control. The perturbations may appear in both the equation and in the objective functional and may nonlinearly depend on the state and control variables. The main results are based on an extension of recently introduced assumptions on the joint growth of the first and second variation of the objective functional. The stability of the optimal solution is obtained as a consequence of a more general result obtained in the paper–the metric subregularity of the mapping associated with the system of first order necessary optimality conditions. This property also enables error estimates for approximation methods. A Lipschitz estimate for the dependence of the optimal control on the Tikhonov regularization parameter is obtained as a by-product.
Assessment of the incubating environment for investment in biogas technology in Syria by using AHP and SWOT
Authors: Hasan Ghaith , Mazancová Jana , Roubík Hynek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn light of the massive energy supply shortage due to the Syrian war since 2011, renewable energy adoption has a high potential to cover the actual energy demand. Hence, this study aims to shed light on the factors that affect investment in biogas technology. With the scarcity of research on alternative energies in Syria, this paper focused on the characteristics of the Syrian environment toward biogas technology adoption. The results show that Syrian society accepts and desires to adopt new technologies, representing an optimal strategy to stimulate biogas technology use and the need to spread awareness about its benefits. The SWOT model was applied to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing biogas technology adoption. The analytical hierarchy process model was applied to set priorities and make better decisions related to the knowledge of biogas, acceptance of biogas technology, desire for and common approach for its use, the resulting organic fertilizer, and administrative and financial aspects. The work concludes that the southern region was at the forefront in the areas studied in terms of weights of biogas technology investment criteria, subsequently, the central and later the coastal regions. By presenting a systematic and comprehensive approach, this study represents a roadmap to assist decision-makers in inking decisions related to adopting and deploying biogas technology on a larger scale and contributes to developing a criterion for selecting biogas sites in Syria.
Understanding public discourse surrounding the impact of bitcoin on the environment in social media
Authors: Mankala Sachith , Durai Audhav , Padiyar Anvi , Gkountouna Olga , Mahabir Ron 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreasing public concerns about the environment have led to many studies that have explored current issues and approaches towards its protection. Much less studied, however, is topic of public opinion surrounding the impact that cryptocurrencies are having on the environment. The cryptocurrency market, in particular, bitcoin, currently rivals other top well-known assets such as precious metals and exchanged traded funds in market value, and its growing. This work examines public opinion expressed about the environmental impacts of bitcoin derived from Twitter feeds. Three primary research questions were addressed in this work related to topics of public interest, their location, and people and places involved. Our findings show that factions of of the public are interest in protecting the environment, with topics that resonate mainly related to energy. This discourse was also taking place at few similar locations with a mix of different people and places of interest.
Microscopic Quantum Jump: An Interpretation of Measurement Problem
Authors: Nakajima Tadashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNearly a century has passed, since the birth of quantum mechanics, and yet the measurement problem has not been solved. We investigate the measurement problem from two aspects. First we scrutinize the basic postulates adopted by existing theories and identify the postulate of classicality of apparatus (PCA) to be the origin of the trouble. Second, we analyze the simplest possible experimental setup, a single photon particle as an observed system S and a detector as an apparatus A, and we find that a quantum jump occurs as a microscopic interaction between S and a single particle in A. We call this a microscopic quantum jump (MIJ). The MIJ selects system eigenvalues (SEVs) such as a two-dimensional position and arrival time for an incident photon. The MIJ outputs a microscopic particle (MIP), which carries the information of the SEVs potentially. In the apparatus A, the MIP triggers amplification cascade of secondary particles, which we call the intermediate particles (IMPs). The IMPs are initially a few, but become plenty after the amplification. The output of the amplification is a macroscopic observable (MAO) such as a current pulse, which carries the information of the SEVs in actuality. The measurement is complete when the MAO is obtained. By adopting the postulate of the MIJ and by discarding the PCA, we have constructed a measurement theory, which is consistent with standard quantum mechanics.
Vanishing Angular Singularity Limit to the Hard-Sphere Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Jang Jin Woo , Kepka Bernhard , Nota Alessia , Velázquez Juan J. L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this note we study Boltzmann’s collision kernel for inverse power law interactions $$U_s(r)=1/r^{s-1}$$

U
s

(
r
)

=
1
/

r

s
-
1

for $$s>2$$

s
>
2

in dimension $$ d=3 $$

d
=
3

. We prove the limit of the non-cutoff kernel to the hard-sphere kernel and give precise asymptotic formulas of the singular layer near $$\theta \simeq 0$$

θ
≃
0

in the limit $$ s\rightarrow \infty $$

s
→
∞

. Consequently, we show that solutions to the homogeneous Boltzmann equation converge to the respective solutions.
A storytelling framework based on multimedia knowledge graph using linked open data and deep neural networks
Authors: Renzi Gianluigi , Rinaldi Antonio M. , Russo Cristiano , Tommasino Cristian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutomatic storytelling is a broad challenge in research contexts such as Natural Language Processing and Contend Based Image Analysis. Despite the considerable achievements of machine learning techniques in these research fields, combining different approaches to fill the gap between an automatic generated story and human handwriting is hard. This work proposes a novel storytelling framework in the Cultural Heritage domain. We developed our framework based on a Multimedia Knowledge Graph (MKG), a crucial point of our work. Furthermore, we populated our Multimedia Knowledge Graph with a focused crawler that employs deep learning techniques to recognise a multimedia object from web resources. Furthermore, we used a combined approach of deep learning techniques and Linked Open Data (LOD) to retrieve information about images and depicted figures using Instance Segmentation. The system has a dynamic, user-friendly interface that guides the user during the storytelling process. Finally, we evaluated the system from a qualitative and quantitative point of view.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of methane and liquefied natural gas reforming processes on Ni/CeO2 catalyst
Authors: Mierczynski Pawel , Mierczynska-Vasilev Agnieszka , Vasilev Krasimir , Szynkowska-Jozwik Malgorzata I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor the first time, a mechanistic study of methane oxy-steam reforming and LNG (OSR-LNG) processes is presented using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 200–600 °C in the tested processes. The reaction mechanisms of oxy-steam reforming of CH4 or LNG were proposed from the results obtained. It was found that the dissociation of methane into carbon-containing molecules and/or into carbon molecules adsorbed on the catalyst surface is a crucial step in determining the reaction rate. The results can be used to design catalytic systems for natural gas reforming.
Agency and Transformative Potential of Technology in Students’ Images of the Future
Authors: Rasa Tapio , Lavonen Jari , Laherto Antti 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVarious current trends in education highlight the importance of pedagogies that address societal and environmental questions while preparing and inspiring students to take action. Meanwhile, how we view the future influences how we act, and how we act influences the future. Research on young people’s images of the future has shown how technology plays a central role in how we imagine the future and the changes that shape it. This suggests a need to address the role of perceptions of future sociotechnical change and agency in students’ thinking, as it may instruct the development of action-oriented critical scientific literacy. Thus, in this study, we examine how images of the future reflect students’ perceptions of sociotechnical change. Employing abductive qualitative content analysis on 58 upper secondary school students’ essays describing “a typical day” in the future, we focused on how students’ depictions of future sociotechnical change vary along three dimensions: from static futures to radical transformation, from nonproblematic change to issues deeply relevant to societal deliberation, and various framings of who, if anyone, has agency. We found that students’ images of the future contained wide variation in the discussed range of sociotechnical change, while technology was discussed typically in nonproblematic and sometimes in more critical, problematised ways. Indications of agency were mostly vague, but students occasionally attributed agency over sociotechnical change to the general public, specialised experts and themselves. We conclude by discussing the potential implications of the results in regard to recent definitions of scientific literacy as well as future-oriented pedagogies in science education.
An instrumentalist take on the models of the Free-Energy Principle
Authors: Pisano Niccolò Aimone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, by means of a novel use of insights from the literature on scientific modelling, I will argue in favour of an instrumentalist approach to the models that are crucially involved in the study of adaptive systems within the Free-Energy Principle (FEP) framework. I will begin (§2) by offering a general, informal characterisation of FEP. Then (§3), I will argue that the models involved in FEP-theorising are plausibly intended to be isomorphic to their targets. This will allow (§4) to turn the criticisms moved against isomorphism-based accounts of representation towards the FEP modelling practice. Since failure to establish an isomorphism between model and target would result in the former’s failure to represent the latter, and given that it is highly unlikely that FEP-models are ever isomorphic to their targets, maintaining that FEP-models represent their targets as they are, in a realist sense, is unwarranted. Finally (§5), I will consider what implications my argument in favour of an instrumentalist reading of FEP-models has for attempts at making use of the FEP to elaborate an account of what cognition exactly is. My conclusion is that we should not dismiss FEP-based accounts of cognition, as they would still be informative and would further our understanding of the nature of cognition. Nonetheless, the prospects of settling the philosophical debates that sparked the interest in having a “mark of the cognitive” are not good.
Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil in Vienna, Austria
Authors: Bibi Dina , Tőzsér Dávid , Sipos Bianka , Tóthmérész Béla , Simon Edina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlong an urbanization gradient, we explored the soil metal pollution in Vienna, Austria. We analyzed the physical and chemical parameters of topsoil from urban, suburban, and rural areas. The following elements were quantified using ICP-OES technique: Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, and Zn. For heavy metals, PI (pollution index) values were used to assess the level of pollution. We found that the concentration of Cu, Pb, Sr, and Zn was higher in the urban and suburban area than in the rural area. The PI values indicated a moderate level of pollution by Cd (1 ≤ PI ≤ 2) along the urbanization gradient. We found a low level of pollution for Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn (PI ≤ 1) in studied areas. Our findings demonstrated the presence of anthropogenic contamination, and it is likely that traffic emission may be the major source of metal pollution in Vienna. Our findings also demonstrated that the elemental analysis of soil and the values of PI are adequate indicators of the level of pollution based on soil sample analysis in urban ecosystems.