bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-pharmacological management of neuropathic pain in older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Holmes Ashleigh , Chang Yu-Ping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionNeuropathic pain encompasses multiple diagnoses with detrimental impacts on quality of life and overall health. In older adults, pharmacological management is limited by adverse effects and drug interactions, while surgical management involves perioperative risk. Prior reviews addressing non-pharmacological interventions for neuropathic pain have not focused on this demographic. Therefore, this systematic review synthesizes the evidence regarding the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing neuropathic pain severity in older adults.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were searched using key terms, with inclusion criteria of age ≥ 65, neuropathic pain, non-pharmacological intervention, pain severity measurement, English language, peer-reviewed, and either randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi-experimental design. In total, 2759 records were identified, with an additional 28 records identified by review of reference lists. After removal of duplicates, 2288 records were screened by title and abstract, 404 full-text articles were assessed, and 19 articles were critically reviewed and synthesized.ResultsOf the 14 RCTs and 5 quasi-experimental studies included in the review, the most common intervention was electric and/or magnetic therapy, followed by acupuncture, mindfulness meditation, exercise, and light therapy. Several studies revealed both statistical and clinical significance, but conclusions were limited by small sample sizes and methodological shortcomings. The interventions were generally safe and acceptable.ConclusionsResults should be interpreted with consideration of clinical vs statistical significance, mediators of pain severity, and individual variations in effectiveness. Further research should address multimodal and novel interventions, newer models of care, and technology-based interventions.
Long-term causal effects of far-right terrorism in New Zealand
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph A , Afzali M Usman , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Sibley Chris G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Christchurch mosque attacks in 2019, committed by a radical right-wing extremist, resulted in the tragic loss of 51 lives. Following these events, there was a noticable rise in societal acceptance of Muslim minorities. Comparable transient reactions have been observed elsewhere. However, the critical questions remain: can these effects endure? Are enduring effects evident across the political spectrum? It is challenging to answer such questions because identifying long-term causal effects requires estimating unobserved attitudinal trajectories without the attacks. Here, we use six preattack waves of Muslim acceptance responses from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (NZAVS) to infer missing counterfactual trajectories (NZAVS cohort 2012, N=4,865; replicated in 2013 cohort, N=7,894). We find (1) the attacks initially boosted Muslim acceptance; (2) the magnitude of the initial Muslim acceptance boost was similar across the political spectrum; (3) no changes were observed in negative control groups; and (4) two- and three-year effects varied by baseline political orientation: liberal acceptance was stable, conservative acceptance grew relative to the counterfactual trend. Overall, the attacks added five years of growth in Muslim acceptance, with no regression to preattack levels over time. Continued growth among conservatives highlights the attack’s failure to divide society. These results demonstrate the utility of combining methods for causal inference with national-scale panel data to answer psychological questions of basic human concern.
Preventable deaths involving opioids in England and Wales, 2013–2022: a systematic case series of coroners’ reports
Authors: Dernie Francesco , France Harrison S , Thomas Elizabeth T , Bilip Maja , DeVito Nicholas J , Ferner Robin E , Cox Anthony R , Heneghan Carl , Aronson Jeffrey K , Richards Georgia C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Opioid deaths have increased in England and Wales. Coroners’ Prevention of Future Deaths reports (PFDs) provide important insights that may enable safer use and avert harms, yet reports implicating opioids have not been synthesized. We aimed to identify opioid-related PFDs and explore coroners’ concerns to prevent future deaths.

Methods
In this systematic case series, we screened 3897 coronial PFDs dated between 01 July 2013 and 23 February 2022, obtained by web scraping the UK’s Courts and Tribunals Judiciary website. PFDs were included when an opioid was implicated in the death. Included PFDs were descriptively analysed, and content analysis was used to assess concerns reported by coroners.

Results
Opioids were involved in 219 deaths reported in PFDs (5·6% of PFDs), equating to 4418 years of life lost (median 33 years/person). Morphine (29%), methadone (23%) and diamorphine (16%) were the most common implicated opioids. Coroners most frequently raised concerns regarding systems and protocols (52%) or safety issues (15%). These concerns were most often addressed to National Health Service (NHS) organizations (51%), but response rates were low overall (47%).

Conclusions
Opioids could be used more safely if coroners’ concerns in PFDs were addressed by national organizations such as NHS bodies, government agencies and policymakers, as well as individual prescribing clinicians.
On the Use of Outcome Tests for Detecting Bias in Decision Making
Authors: Canay Ivan A , Mogstad Magne , Mountjoy Jack 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The decisions of judges, lenders, journal editors, and other gatekeepers often lead to significant disparities across affected groups. An important question is whether, and to what extent, these group-level disparities are driven by relevant differences in underlying individual characteristics or by biased decision makers. Becker (1957, 1993) proposed an outcome test of bias based on differences in post-decision outcomes across groups, inspiring a large and growing empirical literature. The goal of our paper is to offer a methodological blueprint for empirical work that seeks to use outcome tests to detect bias. We show that models of decision making underpinning outcome tests can be usefully recast as Roy models, since heterogeneous potential outcomes enter directly into the decision maker’s choice equation. Different members of the Roy model family, however, are distinguished by the tightness of the link between potential outcomes and decisions. We show that these distinctions have important implications for defining bias, deriving logically valid outcome tests of such bias, and identifying the marginal outcomes that the test requires.
Familial Risk for Schizophrenia vs Bipolar Disorder and Task-Based Neural Activation: A functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rupert Petra E , Pogue-Geile Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Individuals at familial risk for developing schizophrenia (FRSZ) or bipolar disorder (FRBD) have shared and unique genetic risks. Few studies have compared neural activation between these two groups. Therefore, the present meta-analysis investigated functional brain similarities and differences between FRSZ and FRBD individuals.

Study Design
A systematic literature review was conducted of articles that compared FRSZ or FRBD individuals to healthy controls (31 FRSZ and 22 FRBD). Seed-based d mapping was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Analyses included comparisons of FRSZ to controls, FRBD to controls, and both relative groups to each other.

Study Results
Using a highly conservative family-wise error rate correction, there were no significant findings. Using a less conservative threshold, FRSZ compared to controls had lower activation in the left precuneus (Puncorrected = .02) across all studies and in the left middle frontal gyrus (Puncorrected = .03) in nonsocial cognition studies. FRBD compared to controls had lower activation in the left superior parietal gyrus (Puncorrected = .03) and right angular gyrus (Puncorrected = .03) in nonsocial cognition studies, and higher activation in the left superior frontal gyrus (Puncorrected = .01) in social tasks. Differences between FRSZ and FRBD were not significant.

Conclusions
There were few robust differences between FRSZ or FRBD compared to controls. This suggests only weak support for neural activation differences between individuals at genetic risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and controls. The tentative findings observed were in different brain regions for FRSZ and FRBD, with no strong evidence for shared effects between schizophrenia and bipolar genetic risk on neural activation.
Sleep apnea multi-level surgery trial: long-term observational outcomes
Authors: Pinczel Alison J , Woods Charmaine M , Catcheside Peter G , Woodman Richard J , Carney Andrew Simon , Chai-Coetzer Ching Li , Chia Michael , Cistulli Peter A , Hodge John-Charles , Jones Andrew , Lam Matthew E , Lewis Richard , McArdle Nigel , Ooi Eng H , Rea Siobhan Clare , Rees Guy , Singh Bhajan , Stow Nicholas , Yeo Aeneas , Antic Nick , McEvoy Ronald Doug , Weaver Edward M , MacKay Stuart G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
The sleep apnea multi-level surgery (SAMS) randomized clinical trial showed surgery improved outcomes at 6 months compared to ongoing medical management in patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who failed continuous positive airway pressure therapy. This study reports the long-term outcomes of the multi-level surgery as a case series.

Methods
Surgical participants were reassessed &gt;2 years postoperatively with the same outcomes reported in the main SAMS trial. Primary outcomes were apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), with secondary outcomes including other polysomnography measures, symptoms, quality of life, and adverse events. Long-term effectiveness (baseline to long-term follow-up [LTFU]) and interval changes (6 month to LTFU) were assessed using mixed effects regression models. Control participants were also reassessed for rate of subsequent surgery and outcomes.

Results
36/48 (75%) of surgical participants were reevaluated (mean (standard deviation)) 3.5 (1.0) years following surgery, with 29 undergoing polysomnography. AHI was 41/h (23) at preoperative baseline and 21/h (18) at follow-up, representing persistent improvement of −24/h (95% CI −32, −17; p &lt; 0.001). ESS was 12.3 (3.5) at baseline and 5.5 (3.9) at follow-up, representing persistent improvement of −6.8 (95% CI −8.3, −5.4; p &lt; 0.001). Secondary outcomes were improved long term, and adverse events were minor. Interval change analysis suggests stability of outcomes. 36/43 (84%) of the control participants were reevaluated, with 25 (69%) reporting subsequent surgery, with symptom and quality of life improvements.

Conclusion
Multi-level upper airway surgery improves OSA burden with long-term maintenance of treatment effect in adults with moderate or severe OSA in whom conventional therapy failed.

Clinical Trial
Multi-level airway surgery in patients with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who have failed medical management to assess change in OSA events and daytime sleepiness; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366019&isReview=true; ACTRN12614000338662.
Rest-activity rhythms across the lifespan: cross-sectional findings from the US representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Wallace Danielle A , Johnson Dayna A , Redline Susan , Sofer Tamar , Kossowsky Joe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Rest-activity rhythms (RAR) may mark development, aging, and physical and mental health. Understanding how they differ between people may inform intervention and health promotion efforts. However, RAR characteristics across the lifespan have not been well-studied. Therefore, we investigated the association between RAR measures with demographic and lifestyle factors in a US nationally representative study.

Methods
RAR metrics of interdaily stability (IS), intradaily variability (IV), relative amplitude (RA), and mean amplitude and timing of high (M10) and low (L5) activity were derived from 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) actigraphy data. Population-weighted linear and logistic regression models were fit to examine the associations of age, gender, smoking, alcohol, season, body mass index (BMI), income-to-poverty ratio, and race/ethnicity with RAR. Significance was based on a false-discovery rate-corrected P-value of &lt;0.05.

Results
Among n = 12 526 NHANES participants (3–≥80 years), IS (higher = greater day-to-day regularity) and RA (higher = greater rhythm strength) generally decreased with age and were lower among males, whereas IV (higher = greater rhythm fragmentation) increased with age (p &lt; 0.05). Dynamic changes in RAR trajectories were observed during childhood and adolescence. Income, BMI, smoking, and alcohol use were associated with RAR metrics, as well as season among children and teenagers (p &lt; 0.05). RAR also differed by race/ethnicity (p &lt; 0.05), with trajectories initially diverging in childhood and continuing into adulthood.

Conclusions
RAR differed by demographic and health-related factors, representing possible windows for public health intervention and sleep health promotion. RAR differences by race/ethnicity begin in childhood, are evident in early adolescence, and persist throughout adulthood.
Activation of the inflammasome drives peritoneal deterioration in a mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis
Authors: Kadoya Hiroyuki , Hirano Akira , Umeno Reina , Kajimoto Eriko , Iwakura Tsukasa , Kondo Megumi , Wada Yoshihisa , Kidokoro Kengo , Kishi Seiji , Nagasu Hajime , Sasaki Tamaki , Taniguchi Shun’ichiro , Takahashi Masafumi , Kashihara Naoki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring peritoneal dialysis (PD), the peritoneum is exposed to a bioincompatible dialysate, deteriorating the tissue and limiting the long‐term effectiveness of PD. Peritoneal fibrosis is triggered by chronic inflammation induced by a variety of stimuli, including peritonitis. Exposure to PD fluid alters peritoneal macrophages phenotype. Inflammasome activation triggers chronic inflammation. First, it was determined whether inflammasome activation causes peritoneal deterioration. In the in vivo experiments, the increased expression of the inflammasome components, caspase‐1 activity, and concomitant overproduction of IL‐1β and IL‐18 were observed in a mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis. ASC‐positive and F4/80‐positive cells colocalized in the subperitoneal mesothelial cell layer. These macrophages expressed high CD44 levels indicating that the CD44‐positive macrophages contribute to developing peritoneal deterioration. Furthermore, intravital imaging of the peritoneal microvasculature demonstrated that the circulating CD44‐positive leukocytes may contribute to peritoneal fibrosis. Bone marrow transplantation in ASC‐deficient mice suppressed inflammasome activation, thereby attenuating peritoneal fibrosis in a high glucose‐based PD solution‐injected mouse model. Our results suggest inflammasome activation in CD44‐positive macrophages may be involved in developing peritoneal fibrosis. The inflammasome‐derived pro‐inflammatory cytokines might therefore serve as new biomarkers for developing encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
Exosomal circBBS2 inhibits ferroptosis by targeting miR‐494 to activate SLC7A11 signaling in ischemic stroke
Authors: Hong Ting , Zhao Tingting , He Wei , Xia Jian , Huang Qing , Yang Jie , Gu Wenping , Chen Changqing , Zhang Ning , Liu Yunhai , Feng Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUmbilical cord‐mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs)‐derived exosomes have been considered as an effective treatment for ischemic stroke. CircRNA BBS2 (circBBS2) was demonstrated to be down‐regulated in patients with ischemic stroke. However, the role of UC‐MSCs‐derived exosomal circBBS2 in ischemic stroke and potential mechanisms remain unclear. Hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)‐exposed SH‐SY5Y cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‐treated rats were served as in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. Target gene expression was detected by qRT–PCR. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Ferroptosis was determined by iron, MDA, GSH, and lipid ROS levels. Protein levels were measured by Western blotting. The target relationships among circBBS2, miR‐494, and SLC7A11 were validated by RNA‐pull down, RIP, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. TTC and HE staining were performed to evaluate cerebral infarction volume and neuropathological changes. circBBS2 was lowly expressed and ferroptosis was triggered in MCAO rats and H/R‐stimulated SH‐SY5Y cells. UC‐MSCs‐derived exosomes enhanced cell viability and restrained ferroptosis via increasing circBBS2 expression in SH‐SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, circBBS2 sponged miR‐494 to enhance the SLC7A11 level. Knockdown of miR‐494 or SLC7A11 reversed the effects of silencing circBBS2 or miR‐494 on ferroptosis of SH‐SY5Y cells, respectively. Furthermore, UC‐MSCs‐derived exosomes attenuated ischemic stroke in rats via delivering circBBS2 to inhibit ferroptosis. UC‐MSCs‐derived exosomal circBBS2 enhanced SLC7A11 expression via sponging miR‐494, therefore repressing ferroptosis and relieving ischemic stroke. Our findings shed light on a novel mechanism for UC‐MSCs‐derived exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Exploring the role of m6A methylation regulators in glioblastoma multiforme and their impact on the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Deng Xinpeng , Sun Xiaoke , Hu Ziliang , Wu Yiwen , Zhou Chenhui , Sun Jie , Gao Xiang , Huang Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough the role of N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) methylation factors has been established in multiple cancer types, its involvement in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains limited. This study aims to explore the involvement of m6A regulators in GBM and examine their association with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). A comprehensive set of 24 candidate m6A RNA regulators was procured. Consensus clustering was performed based on these regulators to identify distinct GBM clusters. PD‐L1 and PD‐1 levels, immune cell infiltration, and immune scores were evaluated between two clusters. Prognostic signatures and correlation analysis with TIME were analyzed using Lasso and Spearman's analysis. GBM tissue was collected to verify the correlations. Eighteen m6A regulators (WTAP, YTHDF2, HNRNPC, CAPRIN1, YTHDF3, METTL14, GNL3, ZCCHC4, HNRNPD, YTHDF1, RBM15, PCIF1, RBM27, KIAA1429, MSI2, FTO, ALKBH5, and METTL3), PD‐L1, and PD‐1 were significantly upregulated in GBM tissue. These regulators were divided into two distinct molecular subtypes (clusters 1 and 2). Cluster 2 exhibited a significant increase in immune score, monocytes, M1 macrophages, activated mast cells, and eosinophils. HNRNPC, YWHAG, and ALKBH5 were significantly associated with TIME and positively correlated with PD‐L1. Immune cell invasiveness profiles dynamically changed with copy number changes of these three m6A regulators. Finally, YWHAG and ALKBH5 were found to be independent prognostic indicators of GBM through risk analysis and were experimentally verified with clinical samples. YWHAG and ALKBH5 may be used as prognostic markers for patients with GBM. m6A methylation regulators may play an important role in regulating PD‐L1/PD‐1 expression and immune infiltration, thus having a significant impact on GBM TIME.
Variations in the Management of Closed Salter-Harris II Distal Tibia Fractures
Authors: Swarup Ishaan , Pearce Robert , Sanborn Ryan ,   Children’s Orthopaedic Trauma and Infection Consortium for Evidence Based Studies (CORTICES), Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
There are no formal practice guidelines for the surgical management of closed, Salter-Harris (SH) II distal tibia fractures. The purpose of this study was to survey the indications for operative and nonoperative management of this injury across pediatric tertiary care centers.

Methods:
We surveyed pediatric orthopedic surgeons at 20 tertiary care level-1 pediatric trauma centers. Surgeons were provided with 16 clinical scenarios that varied based on patient age and sex, and highlighted the following surgical indications: translation <3 mm, translation ≥3 mm, sagittal plane angulation >5 degrees, and coronal plane angulation >5 degrees. Each case’s scenario and radiographs after closed reduction were presented in a randomized manner. Consensus was defined as 80% agreement, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results.

Results:
In total, 33 of 37 surgeons completed the survey (89% response rate). All surgeons took trauma call at a level-1 pediatric trauma center and had an average of 8.8 years (SD: 6.5 y) of experience. Consensus was reached in 4 of 16 scenarios. Specifically, nonoperative management was recommended for all scenarios showing <3 mm of translation after closed reduction. The majority of surgeons recommended operative management in scenarios showing coronal plane angulation after closed reduction, but none of these scenarios reached consensus. There was a near-equal split in operative and nonoperative management in 8 of 16 scenarios. These scenarios showed ≥3 mm translation after closed reduction and sagittal plane angulation after closed reduction. Surgeons with 6 to 10 years in practice were the most likely to recommend surgery, especially in the case of >5 degrees coronal plane angulation postreduction (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
There is considerable variation regarding the indications for operative and nonoperative management of closed, SHII distal tibia fractures. Consensus was reached for nonoperative management in patients with <3 mm of translation after closed reduction; however, with greater deformity consensus regarding optimal treatment was unable to be achieved. The variation in the management of distal tibia SHII fractures is significant, suggesting that perhaps clinical equipoise exists between operative and nonoperative management.

Level of Evidence:
V.
Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Entry-Level Physical Therapist Competencies: Update by Academy of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Physical Therapy Task Force
Authors: Johanson Morgan , Bartlo Pamela , Bauer Naomi , Campbell Angela , Everett Sagan , Smith Nancy 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Competency-based education and creation of profession-based entrustable professional activities are current trends in physical therapist (PT) education. The purpose of this project is to determine the current entry-level PT competencies for cardiovascular & pulmonary (CVP) physical therapy.

Methods:
The Academy of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Physical Therapy Competency Task Force was established to update and expand previous competencies. A mixed method approach of Subject Matter Expert (SME) consensus (modified Delphi process) and a broader survey process was used to develop these entry-level competencies. With SME guidance, a modified version of the levels of competence, None-to-Proficient, was adopted based on previous competency work by the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy.

Results:
Twenty-nine SME members engaged in the consensus process, and 268, 194, 305, and 222 respondents completed the 4 surveys, respectively. Six hundred fifty-one competency items were rated across most Commission on the Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education Standard 7 Curriculum areas, following the patient–client management model.

Conclusions:
These competencies establish specific expected levels of knowledge, skills, and behaviors essential for entry-level CVP PT practice. Adopting these competencies will help lay the groundwork for future competency-based PT education and aid in the development of the physical therapy profession's core entrustable professional activities.