bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of yttrium titanate stannate (Y2Ti2−xSnxO7, x = 0–2) pyrochlore glass–ceramics as potential nuclear waste form
Authors: Kong Linggen , Karatchevtseva Inna , Wei Tao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractY2Ti2−xSnxO7 (x = 0–2) pyrochlore sodium aluminoborosilicate glass–ceramics (GCs) are produced by calcining the pelletized Y–Ti–Sn oxide mixture and glass precursor at 1200 or 1300°C for 4 h. The metal oxide mixture is prepared by a soft chemistry route. X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy are employed to investigate the formation of pyrochlore GCs and local crystal structures. Near phase pure Ti‐rich pyrochlores are produced with minor phase SnO2 observed for Sn‐rich materials. The cell parameters of the pyrochlore structures refined by Le Bail fitting are in good agreement with the published data and increase linearly with the gradual increment of Sn substitution. With progressively increasing Sn proportion on pyrochlore B‐site, Raman characteristic bands of the pyrochlore structure become sharper and well defined. The Raman A1g peak position and its full width at half‐maximum are linearly progressed with increasing x (Sn). The presence of the melting glass facilitates the pyrochlore formation, with ceramic grain sizes ranging from submicron to microns. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction observations indicate the sample possesses a relatively high crystallographic perfection at the atomic level. This new series of pyrochlore GCs and the method disclosed herein may pave the way for further materials development as potential nuclear waste forms.
Disentangling global and domain‐level adaptive behavior trajectories among children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Farmer Cristan , Thurm Audrey , Condy Emma , Duku Eric , Szatmari Peter , Bennett Teresa , Elsabbagh Mayada , Kerns Connor M. , Smith Isabel M. , Vaillancourt Tracy , Zaidman‐Zait Anat , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Georgiades Stelios 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHeterogeneity in adaptive behavior abilities among people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is expressed not only as uneven levels of impairment across domains, but also in the developmental trajectories of adaptive skills. We studied the question of whether, after accounting for global adaptive behavior development, we find evidence of heterogeneity in the trajectories of specific domains of adaptive behavior.MethodsA sample of 504 children with ASD was obtained by combining data from two independent natural history studies conducted in North America. We used a factor of curves model to explain growth between 36 and 138 months in Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS) age equivalents as a function of domain‐specific and global growth processes.ResultsThe domain‐specific trajectories in all three domains (Communication, Daily Living Skills, and Socialization) reflected impairment relative to age expectations as well as slower‐than‐expected growth with age, and the parameters of these trajectories were moderately‐to‐strongly correlated across domains. The global adaptive behavior trajectory had an initial (36–41 months of age) developmental level of about 22 age‐equivalent months, and eventually slowed after initially increasing by about 6 months each year. The global trajectory accounted for the majority of variance in the domain‐level processes; however, additional variance remained (14%–38%) in the domain‐level intercepts, slopes, and quadratic processes.ConclusionsThese results extend existing theoretical and empirical support for the hierarchical structure of adaptive behavior to include its development over time in clinical samples of children with ASD. A latent global trajectory may be sufficient to describe the growth of adaptive behavior in children with ASD; however, the remaining domain‐specific variability after accounting for global adaptive behavior development allows for the possibility that differential effects of intervention on specific domains may be possible and detectable.
Brodalumab in plaque psoriasis: Real‐world data on effectiveness, safety and clinical predictive factors of initial response and drug survival over a period of 104 weeks
Authors: Rompoti Natalia , Politou Maria , Stefanaki Irene , Vavouli Charitomeni , Papoutsaki Marina , Neofotistou Afroditi , Rigopoulos Dimitrios , Stratigos Alexander , Nicolaidou Electra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrodalumab, a fully human IgG2k antibody blocking the receptor of IL17, is characterized by a rapid onset of action with high skin clearance rates in clinical trials. Since setting PASI90/100 or absolute PASI ≤ 3 as treatment goals have become attainable, evaluating the effectiveness and safety profile of biologic agents, such as brodalumab, in a real‐world setting is essential.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of brodalumab over a period of 104 weeks in everyday practice. Clinical predictive factors of initial (week 12/16) response to treatment and long‐term drug survival were also investigated.MethodsIn this monocentric, retrospective study, PASI90/100 and absolute PASI ≤ 1/3 were assessed in 91 patients with moderate‐to‐severe skin psoriasis under brodalumab at weeks 12/16, 24, 52 and 104 of treatment. At week 12/16, patients with an absolute PASI ≤ 3 were defined as ‘initial responders’ and ≤1 as ‘super‐responders’. Clinical parameters, such as age, gender, BMI, comorbidities and previous systemic treatment, were assessed in order to predict ‘super‐responders’. Drug survival and its prognostic factors were also evaluated.ResultsPASI90/100 has reached 81.1/66.0% in week 12/16. This response rate increased at week 104, where 87.1/80.7% had PASI90/100 and 84.9% had absolute PASI ≤ 1. The presence of >3 comorbidities, prior treatment with >2 systemic agents and obesity tended to be negative predictive factors of ‘super‐response’. Previous exposure to IL17 inhibitors had no impact on both PASI < 1 and PASI < 3 initial response. One‐ and two‐year drug survival probability was 87.6% and 77.32%, respectively. ‘Initial responders’ and anti‐IL17 drug‐naïve patients had better drug survival. Drug discontinuation occurred in 24.2%, mostly due to secondary failure, and arthralgia was the most common adverse event that led to discontinuation.ConclusionsOur study confirms the high effectiveness and good safety profile of brodalumab in the real‐world setting.
Case series: Lymphoid neoplasia in three elasmobranch species
Authors: Archer Karen R. , Groll Tanja , Harvey Richard J. , Thornton Sue M. , Stidworthy Mark F. , Denk Daniela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are charismatic cartilaginous fish, popular in public aquaria. Almost 200 shark and ray species are listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), demonstrating the importance of captive breeding and research programmes. Limited studies investigate diseases of elasmobranchs in captive and free‐living environments, and among available literature neoplasia is rarely reported, with even fewer cases of lymphoid neoplasia documented. This article outlines the first reports of lymphoid neoplasia in three elasmobranch species in which haematopoietic neoplasms have not been reported to date. It summarizes signalment, history and histopathologic findings in an undulate ray, Raja undulata (Lacepede), a common smooth‐hound, Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus) and a bat ray, Myliobatis californica (Gill). Lesions were confirmed in a wide range of tissues and evidence of lymphoid leukaemia was seen in two cases. This small‐scale review demonstrates that lymphoid neoplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis in elasmobranchs presenting with lethargy and anorexia and highlights the challenges of immunohistochemical work up.
Green batteries for clean skies: Sustainability assessment of lithium‐sulfur all‐solid‐state batteries for electric aircraft
Authors: Barke Alexander , Cistjakov Walter , Steckermeier Dominik , Thies Christian , Popien Jan‐Linus , Michalowski Peter , Pinheiro Melo Sofia , Cerdas Felipe , Herrmann Christoph , Krewer Ulrike , Kwade Arno , Spengler Thomas S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe use of novel battery technologies in short‐haul electric aircraft can support the aviation sector in achieving its goals for a sustainable development. However, the production of the batteries is often associated with adverse environmental and socio‐economic impacts, potentially leading to burden shifting. Therefore, this paper investigates alternative technologies for lithium–sulfur all‐solid‐state batteries (LiS‐ASSBs) in terms of their contribution to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). We propose a new approach that builds on life cycle sustainability assessment and links the relevant impact categories to the related SDGs. The approach is applied to analyze four LiS‐ASSB configurations with different solid electrolytes, designed for maximum specific energy using an electrochemical model. They are compared to a lithium–sulfur battery with a liquid electrolyte as a benchmark. The results of our cradle‐to‐gate analysis reveal that the new LiS‐ASSB technologies generally have a positive contribution to SDG achievement. However, the battery configuration with the best technical characteristics is not the most promising in terms of SDG achievement. Especially variations from the technically optimal cathode thickness can improve the SDG contribution. A sensitivity analysis shows that the results are rather robust against the weighting factors within the SDG quantification method.
Apolipoprotein E ε4 disrupts oligodendrocyte differentiation by interfering with astrocyte‐derived lipid transport
Authors: Mok Kingston King‐Shi , Yeung Sunny Hoi‐Sang , Cheng Gerald Wai‐Yeung , Ma Iris Wai‐Ting , Lee Ralph Hon‐Sun , Herrup Karl , Tse Kai‐Hei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarriers of the APOE4 (apolipoprotein E ε4) variant of the APOE gene are subject to several age‐related health risks, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The deficient lipid and cholesterol transport capabilities of the APOE4 protein are one reason for the altered risk profile. In particular, APOE4 carriers are at elevated risk for sporadic AD. While deposits o misfolded proteins are present in the AD brain, white matter (WM) myelin is also disturbed. As myelin is a lipid‐ and cholesterol‐rich structure, the connection to APOE makes considerable biological sense. To explore the APOE‐WM connection, we have analyzed the impact of human APOE4 on oligodendrocytes (OLs) of the mouse both in vivo and in vitro. We find that APOE proteins is enriched in astrocytes but sparse in OL. In human APOE4 (hAPOE4) knock‐in mice, myelin lipid content is increased but the density of major myelin proteins (MBP, MAG, and PLP) is largely unchanged. We also find an unexpected but significant reduction of cell density of the OL lineage (Olig2+) and an abnormal accumulation of OL precursors (Nkx 2.2+), suggesting a disruption of OL differentiation. Gene ontology analysis of an existing RNA‐seq dataset confirms a robust transcriptional response to the altered chemistry of the hAPOE4 mouse brain. In culture, the uptake of astrocyte‐derived APOE during Lovastatin‐mediated depletion of cholesterol synthesis is sufficient to sustain OL differentiation. While endogenous hAPOE protein isoforms have no effects on OL development, exogenous hAPOE4 abolishes the ability of very low‐density lipoprotein to restore myelination in Apoe‐deficient, cholesterol‐depleted OL. Our data suggest that APOE4 impairs myelination in the aging brain by interrupting the delivery of astrocyte‐derived lipids to the oligodendrocytes. We propose that high myelin turnover and OL exhaustion found in APOE4 carriers is a likely explanation for the APOE‐dependent myelin phenotypes of the AD brain.image
Morpho‐functional characterization of the submucosal glands at the nasopharyngeal end of the auditory tube in humans
Authors: Kumari Chiman , Gupta Richa , Sharma Mayank , Jacob Justin , Narayan Ravi K. , Sahni Daisy , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe auditory tube (AT), an osteocartilaginous channel, connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear cavity. At the nasopharyngeal opening of the AT, there are dense collections of submucosal glands. In a recent article, Valstar et al. proposed these nasopharyngeal tubal glands conglomerate as salivary glands, which starkly contrasts with their previously known anatomy for being a component of the respiratory tract. This study examines the contesting views regarding the taxonomical categorization of the nasopharyngeal tubal glands.Materials and MethodsThe AT glands in context were examined in human cadavers grossly, and microscopically using routine and special (Hematoxylin and Eosin [H&E] and Periodic acid–Schiff [PAS] respectively), as well as immunohistochemical (for alpha‐SMA and salivary amylase) staining methods and compared with the major and minor salivary glands and the submucosal glands in the trachea. Further, a biochemical analysis was performed to detect the presence of salivary amylase in the oral and nasopharyngeal secretions of the four living human subjects, representing major salivary glands and tubal glands, respectively.ResultsThe submucosal seromucous glands with a surface lining of respiratory epithelium were observed at the nasopharyngeal end of AT. The cells in the tubal glands showed cytoplasmic positivity for alpha‐SMA, which indicated the presence of the myoepithelial cells; however, this expression was significantly lower than in the seromucous submucosal glands within the trachea. Salivary alpha‐amylase was undetectable in the cadaveric tissue samples. Moreover, the amylase level in the nasopharyngeal swabs was negligible compared to the oral swabs.ConclusionThe anatomical location along the respiratory tract, the presence of respiratory epithelium in the overlying mucosa, their morpho‐functional resemblance to the seromucous glands in the trachea, and the absence of salivary amylase strongly indicate that the tubal glands are taxonomically different from the salivary glands. Given the available evidence, their existing recognition as a part of the respiratory tract and an integral component of the AT seems more appropriate.
Pro‐cyclicality beyond business cycle
Authors: Bräutigam Marcel , Dacorogna Michel , Kratz Marie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe show that pro‐cyclicality is inherent in risk measure estimates based on historical data. Taking the example of VaR, we show that the empirical VaR measure is mean‐reverting over a 1‐year horizon when the portfolio is held fixed. It means that a capital requirement rule based on historical measurements of VaR tends in calm times to understate future required capital and tends in volatile times to overstate it. To quantify this pro‐cyclicality, we develop a simple and efficient methodology, which we apply to major equity market indices. We make the interesting point that the pro‐cyclicality property holds true even in a world with constant volatility, though the empirical magnitude of the mean‐reversion is greater than what would be observed in that special case.
The Stockholm–Gotland perinatal cohort—A population‐based cohort including longitudinal data throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period
Authors: Johansson Kari , Granfors Michaela , Petersson Gunnar , Bolk Jenny , Altman Maria , Cnattingius Sven , Liu Xingrong , Sandström Anna , Stephansson Olof 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegister‐based reproductive and perinatal databases rarely contain detailed information from medical records or repeated measurements throughout pregnancy and delivery. This lack of enriched pregnancy and birth data led to the initiation of the Swedish Stockholm–Gotland Perinatal Cohort (SGPC).ObjectivesTo describe the strengths of the SGPC, as well as the unique research questions that can be addressed using this cohort.PopulationThe SGPC is a prospectively collected, population‐based cohort that includes all births (from 22 completed gestational weeks onwards) between 1 January 2008 and 15 June 2020 in the Stockholm and Gotland regions of Sweden (335,153 singleton and 11,025 multiple pregnancies).DesignDescriptive study.MethodsThe SGPC is based on the electronic medical records of women and their infants. The medical record system is used for all antenatal clinic visits and admissions, delivery and neonatal admissions, as well as postpartum clinical visits. SGPC has been further enriched with data linkages to 10 Swedish National Health Care and Quality Registers.Preliminary ResultsIn contrast to other reproductive and perinatal databases available in Sweden, including the Medical Birth Register and the Pregnancy Register, SGPC contains highly detailed medical record data, including time‐varying serial measurements for physiological parameters throughout pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum, for both mother and infant. These strengths have enabled studies that were previously inconceivable; the effects of serial measurements of pregnancy weight gain, changes in haemoglobin counts and blood pressure during pregnancy, fetal weight estimations by ultrasound, duration of stages and phases of labour, cervical dilatation and oxytocin use during delivery, and constructing reference curves for umbilical cord pH.ConclusionsThe SGPC—with its rich content, repeated measurements and linkages to numerous health care and quality registers—is a unique cohort that enables high‐quality perinatal studies that would otherwise not be possible.
Leaves and stolons transcriptomic analysis provide insight into the role of phytochrome F in potato flowering and tuberization
Authors: Wang Enshuang , Zhou Tingting , Jing Shenglin , Dong Liepeng , Sun Xiaomeng , Fan Yujie , Shen Yunlong , Liu Tengfei , Song Botao 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYPhotoperiod plays a critical role in controlling the formation of sexual or vegetative reproductive organs in potato. Although StPHYF‐silenced plants overcome day‐length limitations to tuberize through a systemic effect on tuberigen StSP6A expression in the stolon, the comprehensive regulatory network of StPHYF remains obscure. Therefore, the present study investigated the transcriptomes of StPHYF‐silenced plants and observed that, in addition to known components of the photoperiodic tuberization pathway, florigen StSP3D and other flowering‐related genes were activated in StPHYF‐silenced plants, exhibiting an early flowering response. Additionally, grafting experiments uncovered the long‐distance effect of StPHYF silencing on gene expression in the stolon, including the circadian clock components, flowering‐associated MADSs, and tuberization‐related regulatory genes. Similar to the AtFT‐AtAP1 regulatory module in Arabidopsis, the present study established that the AP1‐like StMADS1 functions downstream of the tuberigen activation complex (TAC) and that suppressing StMADS1 inhibits tuberization in vitro and delays tuberization in vivo. Moreover, the expression of StSP6A was downregulated in StMADS1‐silenced plants, implying the expression of StSP6A may be feedback‐regulated by StMADS1. Overall, these results reveal that the regulatory network of StPHYF controls flowering and tuberization and targets the crucial tuberization factor StMADS1 through TAC, thereby providing a better understanding of StPHYF‐mediated day‐length perception during potato reproduction.
Demographics of first‐time donors returning for donation during the pandemic: COVID‐19 convalescent plasma versus standard blood product donors
Authors: Van Buren Nancy L. , Rajbhandary Srijana , Reynolds Vanessa , Gorlin Jed B. , Stramer Susan L. , Notari Edward P. , Conti Galen , Katz Louis , Stubbs James R. , van Buskirk Camille M. , Kuttner Kip , Smith Debra L. , Ngamsuntikul Samantha G. , Pandey Suchitra , Ward Dawn C. , Ziman Alyssa , Hiskey Matthew , Townsend Mary , Sachais Bruce S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated low first‐time donor return rates (DRR) following catastrophic events. Little is known, however, about the influence of demographic factors on the DRR of first‐time donors during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including the unique motivation of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors as compared to non‐CCP donors.Study Design and MethodsThirteen blood collection organizations submitted deidentified data from first‐time CCP and non‐CCP donors returning for regular (non‐CCP) donations during the pandemic. DRR was calculated as frequencies. Demographic factors associated with returning donors: race/ethnicity, gender, and generation (Gen Z: 19–24, Millennial: 25–40, Gen X: 41–56, and Boomer: ≥57 years old), within the CCP and non‐CCP first‐time cohorts were compared using chi‐square test at p < .05 statistical significance.ResultsFrom March 2020 through December 2021, there were a total of 44,274 first‐time CCP and 980,201 first‐time non‐CCP donors. DRR were 14.6% (range 11.9%–43.3%) and 46.6% (range 10.0%–76.9%) for CCP and non‐CCP cohorts, respectively. Age over 40 years (Gen X and Boomers), female gender, and White race were each associated with higher return in both donor cohorts (p < .001). For the non‐CCP return donor cohort, the Millennial and Boomers were comparable.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate differences in returning donor trends between the two donor cohorts. The motivation of a first‐time CCP donor may be different than that of a non‐CCP donor. Further study to improve first‐time donor engagement would be worthwhile to expand the donor base with a focus on blood donor diversity emphasizing engagement of underrepresented minorities and younger donors.
Radiographic, MRI, and CT findings in a young dog with Becker‐like muscular dystrophy
Authors: Costanzo Giulia , Minei Sergio , Zini Eric , Gracis Margherita , Lacava Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn 8‐month‐old, male, crossbreed dog was presented for macroglossia, reduced mandibular extension, ptyalism, dysphagia, and regurgitation. Serum creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activity were markedly increased. Thoracic radiographs showed an axial gastro‐esophageal hiatal hernia, diaphragmatic thickening, and asymmetry. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed a severely enlarged tongue, symmetric increase in size of the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles, and diffuse masticatory hypomyotrophy. Whole‐body CT ruled out other musculoskeletal abnormalities and further characterized the radiographic and MRI findings. Muscular histopathology was consistent with Becker muscular dystrophy.