bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting-state electroencephalography theta predicts neurofeedback treatment 4-month follow-up response in nicotine addiction
Authors: Meng Qiujian , Zhu Ying , Yuan Ye , Yang Li , Liu Jiafang , Zhang Xiaochu , Bu Junjie 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe high rate of long-term relapse is a major cause of smoking cessation failure. Recently, neurofeedback training has been widely used in the treatment of nicotine addiction; however, approximately 30% of subjects fail to benefit from this intervention. Our previous randomised clinical trial (RCT) examined cognition-guided neurofeedback and demonstrated a significant decrease in daily cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up. However, significant individual differences were observed in the 4-month follow-up effects of decreased cigarette consumption. Therefore, it is critical to identify who will benefit from pre-neurofeedback.AimsWe examined whether the resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics from pre-neurofeedback predicted the 4-month follow-up effects and explored the possible mechanisms.MethodsThis was a double-blind RCT. A total of 60 participants with nicotine dependence were randomly assigned to either the real-feedback or yoked-feedback group. They underwent 6 min closed-eye resting EEG recordings both before and after two neurofeedback sessions. A follow-up assessment was conducted after 4 months.ResultsThe frontal resting-state theta power spectral density (PSD) was significantly altered in the real-feedback group after two neurofeedback visits. Higher theta PSD in the real-feedback group before neurofeedback was the only predictor of decreased cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up. Further reliability analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between theta PSD pre-neurofeedback and post-neurofeedback. A leave-one-out cross-validated linear regression of the theta PSD pre-neurofeedback demonstrated a significant correlation between the predicted and observed reductions in cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up. Finally, source analysis revealed that the brain mechanisms of the theta PSD predictor were located in the orbital frontal cortex.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated changes in the resting-state theta PSD following neurofeedback training. Moreover, the resting-state theta PSD may serve as a prognostic marker of neurofeedback effects. A higher resting-state theta PSD predicts a better long-term response to neurofeedback treatment, which may facilitate the selection of individualised interventions.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPR-17011710.
Parity representation in leadership positions in academic medicine: a decade of persistent under-representation of women and Asian faculty
Authors: Samuel Anita , Soh Michael Y , Durning Steven J , Cervero Ronald M , Chen H Carrie 
Published: August 2023

PurposeIn academic medicine, faculty from minority groups face discrepancy in career progression and few minorities rise to leadership positions in medical schools. The purpose of this exploratory study is to go beyond aggregate numbers and explore parity representation of different minority groups and women in leadership positions in medical schools. The primary research question of this study is: What is the level of parity representation in leadership positions at academic medical centres, examined by gender and by available race/ethnic categories?MethodThe Leadership Parity Index (LPI)—adapted from the Executive Parity Index—was used to calculate parity representation using national data obtained from the American Association of Medical College Faculty Roster for 2010–2021. Leadership was represented by department chairs and deans. Comparisons were made by gender and race/ethnicity.ResultsWithin the datasets studied, the LPI for women and Asians was consistently below parity. Faculty who identified as White had LPIs above parity. When parsed by gender and race/ethnicity, Asian women had the lowest LPI of all race/ethnicities.Discussion and conclusionThe ‘critical mass’ argument holds that when a group constitutes 30%–35% of the total, they would form a critical mass that would lead to more representation in leadership. Despite minority groups constituting said percentage, this study confirms that ‘critical mass’ has failed to lead to diversity in leadership. Furthermore, a focus on ‘critical mass’ obscures other disparities that exist within the system. The findings of this study show that aggregate data may not provide a true picture of equity and parity in medical schools. The variation in LPI within each race/ethnic group suggests that categories such as under-represented in medicine (URiM) and non-URiM, can mask differences within subgroups and should be applied with caution as they can have unintended consequences.
Estimated of CP violation in $$B^0$$ meson decays into $$D^{*+}$$ and $$D^-$$ mesons
Authors: Amirkhanlou Elnaz , Mohammadi Behnam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe decay $$B^0\rightarrow D^{*+}D^-$$

B
0

→

D

∗
+

D
-

is favorable mode for studying CP violation in the interference between mixing and decay for $$B^0$$

B
0

and $$\bar{B}^0$$

B

¯

0

mesons. The latest analysis of the CP parameters has been performed by the LHCb Collaboration values of $$S_{D^*D}=-\,0.861\pm 0.077\pm 0.019$$

S

D
∗

D

=
-

0.861
±
0.077
±
0.019

, $$C_{D^*D}=-\,0.059\pm 0.092\pm 0.020$$

C

D
∗

D

=
-

0.059
±
0.092
±
0.020

, $$\triangle S_{D^*D}=0.019\pm 0.075\pm 0.012$$

▵

S

D
∗

D

=
0.019
±
0.075
±
0.012

, $$\triangle C_{D^*D}=-\,0.031\pm 0.092\pm 0.016$$

▵

C

D
∗

D

=
-

0.031
±
0.092
±
0.016

, and $$\mathcal {A}_{D^*D}^{CP}=0.008\pm 0.014\pm 0.006\pm 0.003$$

A

D
∗

D

CP

=
0.008
±
0.014
±
0.006
±
0.003

. We have been estimated the parameters $$S_{D^*D}$$

S

D
∗

D

and $$C_{D^*D}$$

C

D
∗

D

of the $$B^0\rightarrow D^{*+}D^-$$

B
0

→

D

∗
+

D
-

decay as $$-\,0.709\pm 0.024$$

-

0.709
±
0.024

and $$-\,0.051\pm 0.004$$

-

0.051
±
0.004

. In the following, we have obtained the values of $$\triangle S_{D^*D}=0.054\pm 0.003$$

▵

S

D
∗

D

=
0.054
±
0.003

and $$\triangle C_{D^*D}=0.020\pm 0.001$$

▵

C

D
∗

D

=
0.020
±
0.001

and direct CP violation of $$0.008\pm 0.001$$

0.008
±
0.001

. Also, we have calculated the branching ratio of $$B^0\rightarrow D^{*+}D^-$$

B
0

→

D

∗
+

D
-

decay. The values obtained in this work are comparable with the corresponding experimental values.
Electron capture and ionisation in He$$^{2+}$$ collisions with H$$_2$$
Authors: Kotian Aks M. , Plowman Corey T. , Kadyrov Alisher S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
State-selective non-dissociative electron capture and ionisation cross sections are calculated for collisions between bare helium-ions and molecular hydrogen. The two-centre wave-packet convergent close-coupling approach is used and the hydrogen molecule is represented as an effective one-electron target. For the electron-capture cross section, our results are in good agreement with experimental measurements at energies above 100 keV/u. However, near the peak of the cross section, they are larger than the experimental data. The total ionisation cross section is also in good agreement with experiment, particularly at low and high energies. The results for the state-selective electron-capture cross section are generally in good agreement with the limited experimental measurements. However, we find that our results appear to consistently overestimate the experimental data for electron capture into the s states at intermediate energies. The present results are the first calculations capable of producing electron capture and ionisation cross sections over a wide incident energy range within a single unified theoretical framework.

Graphical Abstract
Reflexividad ética de un traspié: niñez y adolescencia migrantes no acompañadas
Authors: Pavez-Soto Iskra , Salinas Sius-geng , Dufraix Iciar , Ortiz-López Juan Eduardo , Acuña Ramírez Valeria 
Published: August 2023

(analítico)
El objetivo de este artículo es sistematizar un proceso de reflexividad ética surgido en un proyecto de investigación (Fondecyt) cuyo fin era conocer la situación de la niñez y la adolescencia migrantes no acompañadas en Chile. El proyecto fue aprobado con reparos éticos que hacían difícil poner en práctica métodos participativos. Este «traspié» dio paso a la reflexividad. Mediante una metodología de panel de expertos, creamos un comité de ética autoconvocado (profesionales en derecho y psicología especialistas en infancia) que capacitó al equipo y elaboró recomendaciones y protocolos. En losresultados exponemos algunos dilemas éticos (en torno al consentimiento informado, los derechos de autoría y un balance entre riesgos y beneficios) identificados en las distintas instancias evaluativas, así como los aprendizajes derivados de ello; finalizamos con futuras líneas de investigación.
Palabras clave: Migración; infancia; ética; derechos del niño. Tesauro de Ciencias Sociales de la Unesco.
Proteomic Atlas of Atherosclerosis: The Contribution of Proteoglycans to Sex Differences, Plaque Phenotypes, and Outcomes
Authors: Theofilatos Konstantinos , Stojkovic Stefan , Hasman Maria , van der Laan Sander W. , Baig Ferheen , Barallobre-Barreiro Javier , Schmidt Lukas Emanuel , Yin Siqi , Yin Xiaoke , Burnap Sean , Singh Bhawana , Popham Jude , Harkot Olesya , Kampf Stephanie , Nackenhorst Maja Carina , Strassl Andreas , Loewe Christian , Demyanets Svitlana , Neumayer Christoph , Bilban Martin , Hengstenberg Christian , Huber Kurt , Pasterkamp Gerard , Wojta Johann , Mayr Manuel 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Using proteomics, we aimed to reveal molecular types of human atherosclerotic lesions and study their associations with histology, imaging, and cardiovascular outcomes.

METHODS:
Two hundred nineteen carotid endarterectomy samples were procured from 120 patients. A sequential protein extraction protocol was employed in conjunction with multiplexed, discovery proteomics. To focus on extracellular proteins, parallel reaction monitoring was employed for targeted proteomics. Proteomic signatures were integrated with bulk, single-cell, and spatial RNA-sequencing data, and validated in 200 patients from the Athero-Express Biobank study.

RESULTS:
This extensive proteomics analysis identified plaque inflammation and calcification signatures, which were inversely correlated and validated using targeted proteomics. The inflammation signature was characterized by the presence of neutrophil-derived proteins, such as S100A8/9 (calprotectin) and myeloperoxidase, whereas the calcification signature included fetuin-A, osteopontin, and gamma-carboxylated proteins. The proteomics data also revealed sex differences in atherosclerosis, with large-aggregating proteoglycans versican and aggrecan being more abundant in females and exhibiting an inverse correlation with estradiol levels. The integration of RNA-sequencing data attributed the inflammation signature predominantly to neutrophils and macrophages, and the calcification and sex signatures to smooth muscle cells, except for certain plasma proteins that were not expressed but retained in plaques, such as fetuin-A. Dimensionality reduction and machine learning techniques were applied to identify 4 distinct plaque phenotypes based on proteomics data. A protein signature of 4 key proteins (calponin, protein C, serpin H1, and versican) predicted future cardiovascular mortality with an area under the curve of 75% and 67.5% in the discovery and validation cohort, respectively, surpassing the prognostic performance of imaging and histology.

CONCLUSIONS:
Plaque proteomics redefined clinically relevant patient groups with distinct outcomes, identifying subgroups of male and female patients with elevated risk of future cardiovascular events.
SIRT3 Regulates Clearance of Apoptotic Cardiomyocytes by Deacetylating Frataxin
Authors: Gao Jing , Huang Chenglin , Kong Linghui , Zhou Wugang , Sun Mengwei , Wei Tong , Shen Weili 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Efferocytosis is an activity of macrophages that is pivotal for the resolution of inflammation in hypertension. The precise mechanism by which macrophages coordinate efferocytosis and internalize apoptotic cardiomyocytes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether SIRT3 (sirtuin-3) is required for both apoptotic cardiomyocyte engulfment and anti-inflammatory responses during efferocytosis.

METHODS:

We generated myeloid SIRT3 knockout mice and FXN (frataxin) knock-in mice carrying an acetylation-defective lysine to arginine K189R mutation (FXN
K189R
). The mice were given Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion for 7 days. We analyzed cardiac macrophages’ mitochondrial iron levels, efferocytosis activity, and phenotype both in vivo and in vitro.

RESULTS:

We showed that SIRT3 deficiency exacerbated Ang II–induced downregulation of the efferocytosis receptor MerTK (c-Mer tyrosine kinase) and proinflammatory cytokine production, accompanied by disrupted mitochondrial iron homeostasis in cardiac macrophages. Quantitative acetylome analysis revealed that SIRT3 deacetylated FXN at lysine 189. Ang II attenuated SIRT3 activity and enhanced the acetylation level of FXN
K189
. Acetylated FXN further reduced the synthesis of ISCs (iron-sulfur clusters), resulting in mitochondrial iron accumulation. Phagocytic internalization of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased myoglobin content, and derived iron ions promoted mitochondrial iron overload and lipid peroxidation. An iron chelator deferoxamine improved the levels of MerTK and efferocytosis, thereby attenuating proinflammatory macrophage activation. FXN
K189R
mice showed improved macrophage efferocytosis, reduced cardiac inflammation, and suppressed cardiac fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
The SIRT3-FXN axis has the potential to resolve cardiac inflammation by increasing macrophage efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory activities.
Prognostic Impact of Mitral Regurgitation Before and After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Low‐Flow, Low‐Gradient Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Ferruzzi Germano Junior , Silverio Angelo , Giordano Arturo , Corcione Nicola , Bellino Michele , Attisano Tiziana , Baldi Cesare , Morello Alberto , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Citro Rodolfo , Vecchione Carmine , Galasso Gennaro 
Published: August 2023

Background
There is little evidence about the prognostic role of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and outcome implications of MR severity in patients with low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR, and to evaluate whether MR improvement after TAVR could influence clinical outcome.

Methods and Results

This study included consecutive patients with low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR at 2 Italian high‐volume centers. The study population was categorized according to the baseline MR severity and to the presence of MR improvement at discharge. The primary outcome was the composite of all‐cause death and hospitalization for worsening heart failure up to 1 year. The study included 268 patients; 57 (21%) patients showed MR >2+. Patients with MR >2+ showed a lower 1‐year survival free from the primary outcome (
P
<0.001), all‐cause death (
P
<0.001), and heart failure hospitalization (
P
<0.001) compared with patients with MR ≤2+. At multivariable analysis, baseline MR >2+ was an independent predictor of the primary outcome (
P
<0.001). Among patients with baseline MR >2+, MR improvement was reported in 24 (44%) cases after TAVR. The persistence of MR was associated with a significantly reduced survival free from the primary outcome, all‐cause death, and heart failure hospitalization up to 1 year.

Conclusions
In this study, the presence of moderately severe to severe MR in patients with low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR portends a worse clinical outcome at 1 year. TAVR may improve MR severity in nearly half of the patients, resulting in a potential outcome benefit after discharge.
Global Burden of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter by National Income: Results From the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Database
Authors: Ohlrogge Amelie H. , Brederecke Jan , Schnabel Renate B. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) are common conditions that can lead to significant morbidity and death. We aimed to understand the distribution and disparities of the global burden of AF/AFL as well as the underlying risk factors.

Methods and Results
Data on the AF/AFL burden from the Global Burden of Disease data set were analyzed for the years 1990 to 2019, with countries grouped into low, lower‐middle, upper‐middle, and high national income classes according to World Bank categories. Data were supplemented with World Health Organization and World Bank information. The prevalence of AF/AFL has more than doubled (+120.7%) since 1990 in all income groups, though with a larger increment in middle‐income countries (+146.6% in lower‐middle‐ and +145.2% in upper‐middle‐income countries). In absolute numbers, 63.4% of AF/AFL cases originate from upper‐middle‐income countries, although the relative prevalence is highest in high‐income countries. Prevalence of AF/AFL appears to be correlated with medical doctor rate and life expectancy. The most relevant AF/AFL risk factors are unevenly distributed among income classes, with elevated blood pressure as the only risk factor that becomes less common with increasing income. The development of these risk factors differed over time.

Conclusions
The global burden of AF/AFL is increasing in all income groups and is more pronounced in middle‐income countries, with further growth to be expected. Underdiagnosis of AF/AFL in low‐ and middle‐income countries may contribute to lower reported prevalence. The risk factor distribution varies between income groups.
How research programs come apart: The example of supersymmetry and
the disunity of physics
Authors: Gautheron Lucas , Omodei Elisa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
According to Peter Galison, the coordination of different “subcultures” within a scientific field happens through local exchanges within “trading zones.” In his view, the workability of such trading zones is not guaranteed, and science is not necessarily driven towards further integration. In this paper, we develop and apply quantitative methods (using semantic, authorship, and citation data from scientific literature), inspired by Galison’s framework, to the case of the disunity of high-energy physics. We give prominence to supersymmetry, a concept that has given rise to several major but distinct research programs in the field, such as the formulation of a consistent theory of quantum gravity or the search for new particles. We show that “theory” and “phenomenology” in high-energy physics should be regarded as distinct theoretical subcultures, between which supersymmetry has helped sustain scientific “trades.” However, as we demonstrate using a topic model, the phenomenological component of supersymmetry research has lost traction and the ability of supersymmetry to tie these subcultures together is now compromised. Our work supports that even fields with an initially strong sentiment of unity may eventually generate diverging research programs and demonstrates the fruitfulness of the notion of trading zones for informing quantitative approaches to scientific pluralism.
Desert Fever: Women in Saudi Arabia Through the Eyes of Palestinian Writers
Authors: Gottesfeld Dorit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The article examines the situation of women in Saudi Arabia and their changing status as reflected in the writings of two Palestinian writers. It focuses on the way in which the Palestinian writer Ǧamāl Yūnis in his novel The Head documents and criticizes the status of women in the Saudi society. It compares it to Ibrāhīm Naṣrallāh’s famous novella Prairies of Fever, showing that both works emphasize the loneliness and gloom which women suffer and the false freedom that other women enjoy. The article argues that the focus on women is actually a kind of fictional strategy which aims at stressing the suffering of similar marginal groups in the Saudi society, especially immigrants, and at showing that things have changed there only ostensibly, and that ultimately anyone who stays there will be afflicted with “feverˮ. This link appears in Naṣrallāh’s work, however in Yūnis’s book it is heavily accentuated, and is reflected also in the use of a unique motif of a head throughout the novel.
Comparison of Turkish and English-Speaking ISIS Sympathizers’ Twitter Content between 2015 and 2016
Authors: Tulga Ahmet Yiğitalp 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The development of social media technologies has had a significant impact on individuals, organizations and societies. However, social media has not only affected people and communities, but also terrorist organizations have started to use social media platforms effectively. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is one such group that actively utilizes social media. Social media has played a critical role in formulating and disseminating ISIS’s strategies. Twitter is one of the most effective social media platforms used by ISIS, and it actively uses Twitter in predominantly Muslim countries such as Turkey. In this article, I use a dictionary-based method to compare and analyze 29,419 tweets from English-speaking supporters of ISIS and 40,526 tweets from Turkish supporters of ISIS between 2015 and 2016.
A Historical Overview on the Science of Derechos: Part I: Identification, Climatology, and Societal Impacts
Authors: Squitieri Brian Joseph , Wade Andrew R. , Jirak Israel L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Research efforts from the last several decades to the present have aimed to better understand when and where derechos occur across the United States and other parts of the world, and what impacts derechos have on society. While the scientific community agrees that derechos are widespread wind storms associated with extratropical mesoscale convective systems, varying quantitative thresholds of what constitutes a derecho exist among peer-reviewed journal articles, introducing ambiguity throughout the literature of what is classified as a derecho, and where derechos most frequently occur. The scientific community would benefit from a summary on the more crucial aspects of derechos and where ambiguities or inconsistencies exist in the literature. Part I of this derecho historical overview discusses the history of derecho identification, and how differences in derecho identification strategies affect our understanding of their spatial climatology across the United States and Europe. Impacts to human life and commerce are also summarized.
A Historical Overview on the Science of Derechos: Part II: Parent Storm Structure, Environmental Conditions, and History of Numerical Forecasts
Authors: Squitieri Brian Joseph , Wade Andrew R. , Jirak Israel L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Over the course of the century, much research has been done to understand how derechos form, what environments support derecho development, and how forecasts of derechos can be improved. Following the definition, climatology, and societal impacts of derechos in Part I of this manuscript, Part II offers a thorough review on the parent MCS structures that produce derechos, which synoptic setups support derecho-producing MCSs, and the successes and failures of forecasting derechos. This manuscript reviews the 3D structure of MCSs that support derecho development, as well as both the strongly and weakly forced synoptic environments where derechos frequently occur. In addition, successes and failures common among most derecho numerical forecast studies are discussed to suggest where the greatest improvements in derecho forecasting may be made.