bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing relevant assessments of community-engaged research partnerships: A community-based participatory approach to evaluating clinical and health research study teams
Authors: Samuels Elias , Vereen Donald , Piechowski Patricia , McKay Athena , De Loney E. Hill , Bailey Sarah , Evans Luther , Campbell Bettina , Lewis Yvonne , Greene-Moton Ella , Key Kent , Robinson DeWaun , Sparks Arlene , Champagne Ellen , Woolford Susan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background/Objective:
In 2017, the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MICHR) and community partners in Flint, Michigan collaborated to launch a research funding program and evaluate the dynamics of those research partnerships receiving funding. While validated assessments for community-engaged research (CEnR) partnerships were available, the study team found none sufficiently relevant to conducting CEnR in the context of the work. MICHR faculty and staff along with community partners living and working in Flint used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to develop and administer a locally relevant assessment of CEnR partnerships that were active in Flint in 2019 and 2021.

Methods:
Surveys were administered each year to over a dozen partnerships funded by MICHR to evaluate how community and academic partners assessed the dynamics and impact of their study teams over time.

Results:
The results suggest that partners believed that their partnerships were engaging and highly impactful. Although many substantive differences between community and academic partners’ perceptions over time were identified, the most notable regarded the financial management of the partnerships.

Conclusion:
This work contributes to the field of translational science by evaluating how the financial management of community-engaged health research partnerships in a locally relevant context of Flint can be associated with these teams’ scientific productivity and impact with national implications for CEnR. This work presents evaluation methods which can be used by clinical and translational research centers that strive to implement and measure their use of CBPR approaches.
Age, Gender, and Disease as Determinants of Social Distancing: Germany as a Case Study
Authors: Lane Hakan , Killingsworth Jayanna , Walker Mark David , Otto Philipp 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A mix of guidance and mandated regulations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic served to reduce the number of social contacts, to ensure distancing in public spaces, and to maintain the isolation of infected individuals. Individual variation in compliance to social distancing in Germany, relating to age, gender, or the presence of pre-existing health conditions, was examined using results from a total of 39 375 respondents to a web-based behavioral survey.
Older people and females were more willing to engage in social distancing. Those with chronic conditions showed overall higher levels of compliance, but those with cystic fibrosis, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and epilepsy showed less adherence to general social distancing measures but were significantly more likely to isolate in their homes. Behavioral differences partly lie in the nature of each condition, especially with those conditions likely to be exacerbated by COVID-19. Compliance differences for age and gender are largely in line with previous studies.
New exact Betchov-like relation for the helicity flux in homogeneous turbulence
Authors: Capocci Damiano , Johnson Perry L. , Oughton Sean , Biferale Luca , Linkmann Moritz 
Published: May 2023

In homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, the relative contributions of different physical mechanisms to the energy cascade can be quantified by an exact decomposition of the energy flux (Johnson, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 124, 2020, 104501; J. Fluid Mech., vol. 922, 2021, A3). We extend the formalism to the transfer of kinetic helicity across scales, important in the presence of large-scale mirror‐breaking mechanisms, to identify physical processes resulting in helicity transfer and quantify their contributions to the mean flux in the inertial range. All subfluxes transfer helicity from large to small scales. Approximately 50 % of the mean flux is due to the scale-local vortex flattening and vortex twisting. We derive a new exact relation between these effects, similar to the Betchov relation for the energy flux, revealing that the mean contribution of the former is three times larger than that of the latter. Multi-scale effects account for the remaining 50 % of the mean flux, with approximate equipartition between multi-scale vortex flattening, twisting and entangling.
Investigation of the functions of n-3 very-long-chain PUFAs in skin using in vivo Atlantic salmon and in vitro human and fish skin models
Authors: Torrissen Martina , Ytteborg Elisabeth , Svensen Harald , Stoknes Iren , Nilsson Astrid , Østbye Tone-Kari , Berge Gerd Marit , Bou Marta , Ruyter Bente 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 very-long-chain PUFA (n-3 VLC-PUFA) on the maturation and development of skin tissue in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in vivo, as well as their effects on skin keratocyte and human skin fibroblast cell migration in vitro. Atlantic salmon were fed different dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFA from an initial weight of 6 g to a final weight of 11 g. Changes in skin morphology were analysed at two time points during the experiment, and the effects on skin tissue fatty acid composition were determined. Additionally, in vitro experiments using human dermal fibroblasts and primary Atlantic salmon keratocytes were conducted to investigate the effect of VLC-PUFA on the migration capacity of the cells. The results demonstrated that increased dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFA led to an increased epidermis thickness and more rapid scale maturation in Atlantic salmon skin in vivo, leading to a more mature skin morphology, and possibly more robust skin, at an earlier life stage. Additionally, human skin fibroblasts and salmon skin keratocytes supplemented with n-3 VLC-PUFA in vitro showed more rapid migration, indicating potentially beneficial effects of VLC-PUFA in wound healing. In conclusion, VLC-PUFA may have beneficial effects on skin tissue development, function and integrity.
Floating-point arithmetic
Authors: Boldo Sylvie , Jeannerod Claude-Pierre , Melquiond Guillaume , Muller Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2023

Floating-point numbers have an intuitive meaning when it comes to physics-based numerical computations, and they have thus become the most common way of approximating real numbers in computers. The IEEE-754 Standard has played a large part in making floating-point arithmetic ubiquitous today, by specifying its semantics in a strict yet useful way as early as 1985. In particular, floating-point operations should be performed as if their results were first computed with an infinite precision and then rounded to the target format. A consequence is that floating-point arithmetic satisfies the ‘standard model’ that is often used for analysing the accuracy of floating-point algorithms. But that is only scraping the surface, and floating-point arithmetic offers much more.In this survey we recall the history of floating-point arithmetic as well as its specification mandated by the IEEE-754 Standard. We also recall what properties it entails and what every programmer should know when designing a floating-point algorithm. We provide various basic blocks that can be implemented with floating-point arithmetic. In particular, one can actually compute the rounding error caused by some floating-point operations, which paves the way to designing more accurate algorithms. More generally, properties of floating-point arithmetic make it possible to extend the accuracy of computations beyond working precision.
Diffusion of Hydroxylated Si Vacancies in Olivine, and Its Relevance to Si Diffusion
Authors: Jollands Michael C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe diffusion coefficient associated with the 3,612 cm−1 infrared absorbance band in H‐bearing olivine, attributed to a defect involving a vacant Si site balanced by four H+ (i.e., ), was determined in H in‐diffusion experiments at 1200°C–1400°C and 1.5–3.0 GPa in piston‐cylinder and multi‐anvil apparatuses. The retrieved values are in good agreement with experimentally determined diffusion coefficients ascribed to the same process from previous experiments, despite those being conducted at atmospheric pressure and representing out‐diffusion rather than in‐diffusion. Overall, the diffusivity of the Si vacancy is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the M‐site vacancy (∼4 orders of magnitude at 1000°C), with a higher activation energy (∼450–500 vs. 200–250 kJ mol−1), when both are charge‐compensated solely by H+. From these data, the diffusion coefficient of Si in H‐bearing olivine can be estimated using the relationship between vacancy concentration, vacancy diffusivity, and diffusivity of an ion moving by a vacancy mechanism. However, these diffusivities are inconsistent with published results for Si diffusivity, with a considerable discrepancy of around two orders of magnitude. This suggests that simple relationships between diffusion coefficients of vacancies and species moving by vacancy diffusion mechanisms may be inappropriate, highlighting again the complexity of H incorporation and diffusion mechanisms in olivine.
First Onset of Unrest Captured at Socompa: A Recent Geodetic Survey at Central Andean Volcanoes in Northern Chile
Authors: Liu F. , Elliott J. R. , Ebmeier S. K. , Craig T. J. , Hooper A. , Novoa Lizama C. , Delgado F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report the first detection of unrest at Socompa volcano during our recent survey of Central Andean volcanos in Northern Chile using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements spanning January 2018 to October 2021. We find that Socompa volcano, whilst initially undeforming and no recorded eruptions for 7.2 kyr, shows a steady uplift (17.5 mm/yr) from November 2019, independently recorded by near‐field continuous Global Positioning System data. The deformation pattern can be fitted with pressure increase in an ellipsoidal source region stretching from 2.1 to 10.5 km, with a volume change rate of ∼6.2 × 106 m3/yr. Our observations of the onset of uplift suggest it is unlikely that a nearby Mw 6.8 deep intraslab earthquake on 3 June 2020 triggered the unrest. The deformation signal we detect indicates the initiation of unrest at Socompa, after at least two decades without measurable deformation, and many thousands of years without volcanic activity.
Coefficients of Reaction‐Diffusion Processes Derived From Patterns in Rocks
Authors: Liu Chong , Calo Victor M. , Regenauer‐Lieb Klaus , Hu Manman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSelf‐organizing diffusion‐reaction systems naturally form complex patterns under far‐from‐equilibrium conditions. A representative example is the rhythmic concentration pattern of Fe‐oxides in Zebra rocks; these patterns include reddish‐brown stripes, rounded rods, and elliptical spots. Similar patterns are observed in the banded iron formations, which are presumed to have formed in the early earth under global glaciation. We propose that such patterns can be used directly (e.g., by computer‐vision‐analysis) to infer basic quantities relevant to their formation giving information on generalized chemical gradients. Here we present a phase‐field model that quantitatively captures the distinct Zebra rock patterns based on the concept of phase separation that describes the process forming Liesegang stripes. We find that diffusion coefficients (the bulk self‐diffusivities of the native species and the mobility of the reaction product) play an essential role in controlling the appearance of regular stripe patterns as well as the transition from stripes to spots. The numerical results are carefully benchmarked with well‐established empirical spacing law, width law, timing law and the Matalon‐Packter law. Using this model, we invert for the important process parameters originating from the intrinsic material properties, the self‐diffusivity ratio and the mobility of Fe‐oxides with a series of Zebra rock samples. This study allows a quantitative prediction of the generalized chemical gradients in mineralized source rocks without intrusive measurements, providing a better intuition for the mineral exploration space.
Overview and Results From the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover's First Science Campaign on the Jezero Crater Floor
Authors: Sun Vivian Z. , Hand Kevin P. , Stack Kathryn M. , Farley Ken A. , Simon Justin I. , Newman Claire , Sharma Sunanda , Liu Yang , Wiens Roger C. , Williams Amy J. , Tosca Nicholas , Alwmark Sanna , Beyssac Olivier , Brown Adrian , Calef Fred , Cardarelli Emily L. , Clavé Elise , Cohen Barbara , Corpolongo Andrea , Czaja Andrew D. , Del Sesto Tyler , Fairen Alberto , Fornaro Teresa , Fouchet Thierry , Garczynski Brad , Gupta Sanjeev , Herd Chris D. K. , Hickman‐Lewis Keyron , Horgan Briony , Johnson Jeffrey , Kinch Kjartan , Kizovski Tanya , Kronyak Rachel , Lange Robert , Mandon Lucia , Milkovich Sarah , Moeller Robert , Núñez Jorge , Paar Gerhard , Pyrzak Guy , Quantin‐Nataf Cathy , Shuster David L. , Siljestrom Sandra , Steele Andrew , Tice Michael , Toupet Olivier , Udry Arya , Vaughan Alicia , Wogsland Brittan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater on 18 February 2021. After a 100‐sol period of commissioning and the Ingenuity Helicopter technology demonstration, Perseverance began its first science campaign to explore the enigmatic Jezero crater floor, whose igneous or sedimentary origins have been much debated in the scientific community. This paper describes the campaign plan developed to explore the crater floor's Máaz and Séítah formations and summarizes the results of the campaign between sols 100–379. By the end of the campaign, Perseverance had traversed more than 5 km, created seven abrasion patches, and sealed nine samples and a witness tube. Analysis of remote and proximity science observations show that the Máaz and Séítah formations are igneous in origin and composed of five and two geologic members, respectively. The Séítah formation represents the olivine‐rich cumulate formed from differentiation of a slowly cooling melt or magma body, and the Máaz formation likely represents a separate series of lava flows emplaced after Séítah. The Máaz and Séítah rocks also preserve evidence of multiple episodes of aqueous alteration in secondary minerals like carbonate, Fe/Mg phyllosilicates, sulfates, and perchlorate, and surficial coatings. Post‐emplacement processes tilted the rocks near the Máaz‐Séítah contact and substantial erosion modified the crater floor rocks to their present‐day expressions. Results from this crater floor campaign, including those obtained upon return of the collected samples, will help to build the geologic history of events that occurred in Jezero crater and provide time constraints on the formation of the Jezero delta.
Optimizing Managed Aquifer Recharge Locations in California's Central Valley Using an Evolutionary Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm Coupled With a Hydrological Simulation Model
Authors: Kourakos Georgios , Brunetti Giuseppe , Bigelow Daniel P. , Wallander Steven , Dahlke Helen E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractManaged aquifer recharge (MAR) can provide long‐term storage of excess surface water for later use. While decades of research have focused on the physical processes of MAR and identifying suitable MAR locations, very little research has been done on how to consider competing factors and tradeoffs in siting MAR facilities. This study proposes the use of a simulation‐optimization (SO) framework to map out a cost‐effectiveness frontier for MAR by combining an evolutionary algorithm with two objective functions that seek to maximize groundwater storage gains while minimizing MAR cost. We present the theoretical framework along with a real‐world application to California's Central Valley. The result of the SO framework is a Pareto front that allows identifying suitable MAR locations for different levels of groundwater storage gain and associated MAR project costs, so stakeholders can evaluate different choices based on cost, benefits, and tradeoffs of MAR sites. Application of the SO framework to the Central Valley shows groundwater can be recharged from high‐magnitude (95th percentile) flows at a marginal cost of $57 to $110 million per km3. If the 10 percent largest flows are recharged the total groundwater storage gain would double and the marginal costs would drop to between $30 and $50 million per km3. If recharge water is sourced from outside local basins (e.g., the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta), groundwater storage gain is approximately 25%–80% greater than can be achieved by recharging local flows, but the total cost is about 10%–15% higher because of additional lift cost.
Femtosecond electron microscopy of relativistic electron bunches
Authors: Wan Yang , Tata Sheroy , Seemann Omri , Levine Eitan Y. , Smartsev Slava , Kroupp Eyal , Malka Victor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of plasma-based accelerators has enabled the generation of very high brightness electron bunches of femtosecond duration, micrometer size and ultralow emittance, crucial for emerging applications including ultrafast detection in material science, laboratory-scale free-electron lasers and compact colliders for high-energy physics. The precise characterization of the initial bunch parameters is critical to the ability to manipulate the beam properties for downstream applications. Proper diagnostic of such ultra-short and high charge density laser-plasma accelerated bunches, however, remains very challenging. Here we address this challenge with a novel technique we name as femtosecond ultrarelativistic electron microscopy, which utilizes an electron bunch from another laser-plasma accelerator as a probe. In contrast to conventional microscopy of using very low-energy electrons, the femtosecond duration and high electron energy of such a probe beam enable it to capture the ultra-intense space-charge fields of the investigated bunch and to reconstruct the charge distribution with very high spatiotemporal resolution, all in a single shot. In the experiment presented here we have used this technique to study the shape of a laser-plasma accelerated electron beam, its asymmetry due to the drive laser polarization, and its beam evolution as it exits the plasma. We anticipate that this method will significantly advance the understanding of complex beam-plasma dynamics and will also provide a powerful new tool for real-time optimization of plasma accelerators.
Applications of synthetic biology in medical and pharmaceutical fields
Authors: Yan Xu , Liu Xu , Zhao Cuihuan , Chen Guo-Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSynthetic biology aims to design or assemble existing bioparts or bio-components for useful bioproperties. During the past decades, progresses have been made to build delicate biocircuits, standardized biological building blocks and to develop various genomic/metabolic engineering tools and approaches. Medical and pharmaceutical demands have also pushed the development of synthetic biology, including integration of heterologous pathways into designer cells to efficiently produce medical agents, enhanced yields of natural products in cell growth media to equal or higher than that of the extracts from plants or fungi, constructions of novel genetic circuits for tumor targeting, controllable releases of therapeutic agents in response to specific biomarkers to fight diseases such as diabetes and cancers. Besides, new strategies are developed to treat complex immune diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders that are hard to cure via traditional approaches. In general, synthetic biology brings new capabilities to medical and pharmaceutical researches. This review summarizes the timeline of synthetic biology developments, the past and present of synthetic biology for microbial productions of pharmaceutics, engineered cells equipped with synthetic DNA circuits for diagnosis and therapies, live and auto-assemblied biomaterials for medical treatments, cell-free synthetic biology in medical and pharmaceutical fields, and DNA engineering approaches with potentials for biomedical applications.
Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer
Authors: Liu Zhen-Ling , Chen Huan-Huan , Zheng Li-Li , Sun Li-Ping , Shi Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAngiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process regulated by various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. With the advances in molecular and cellular biology, various biomolecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion factors involved in tumor angiogenesis has gradually been elucidated. Targeted therapeutic research based on these molecules has driven anti-angiogenic treatment to become a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. The most widely used anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we broadly summarize various signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis and discuss the development and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy. We also propose several new promising approaches to improve anti-angiogenic efficacy and provide a perspective for the development and research of anti-angiogenic therapy.
Metagenome-derived virus-microbe ratios across ecosystems
Authors: López-García Purificación , Gutiérrez-Preciado Ana , Krupovic Mart , Ciobanu Maria , Deschamps Philippe , Jardillier Ludwig , López-Pérez Mario , Rodríguez-Valera Francisco , Moreira David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It is generally assumed that viruses outnumber cells on Earth by at least tenfold. Virus-to-microbe ratios (VMR) are largely based on counts of fluorescently labelled virus-like particles. However, these exclude intracellular viruses and potentially include false positives (DNA-containing vesicles, gene-transfer agents, unspecifically stained inert particles). Here, we develop a metagenome-based VMR estimate (mVRM) that accounts for DNA viruses across all stages of their replication cycles (virion, intracellular lytic and lysogenic) by using normalised RPKM (reads per kilobase of gene sequence per million of mapped metagenome reads) counts of the major capsid protein (MCP) genes and cellular universal single-copy genes (USCGs) as proxies for virus and cell counts, respectively. After benchmarking this strategy using mock metagenomes with increasing VMR, we inferred mVMR across different biomes. To properly estimate mVMR in aquatic ecosystems, we generated metagenomes from co-occurring cellular and viral fractions (&gt;50 kDa–200 µm size-range) in freshwater, seawater and solar saltern ponds (10 metagenomes, 2 control metaviromes). Viruses outnumbered cells in freshwater by ~13 fold and in plankton from marine and saline waters by ~2–4 fold. However, across an additional set of 121 diverse non-aquatic metagenomes including microbial mats, microbialites, soils, freshwater and marine sediments and metazoan-associated microbiomes, viruses, on average, outnumbered cells by barely two-fold. Although viruses likely are the most diverse biological entities on Earth, their global numbers might be closer to those of cells than previously estimated.