bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early cancer detection using the fluorescent Ashwagandha chitosan nanoparticles combined with near-infrared light diffusion characterization: in vitro study
Authors: Abuelmakarem Hala S. , Hamdy Omnia , Sliem Mahmoud A. , El-Azab Jala , Ahmed Wafaa A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEarly cancer diagnosis through characterizing light propagation and nanotechnology increases the survival rate. The present research is aimed at evaluating the consequence of using natural nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Colon cancer cells were differentiated from the normal cells via investigating light diffusion combined with the fluorescence effect of the Ashwagandha chitosan nanoparticles (Ash C NPs). Ionic gelation technique synthesized the Ash C NPs. High-resolution transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential characterized Ash C NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyzed Ash C NPs, chitosan, and Ashwagandha root water extract. Moreover, the MTT assay evaluated the cytotoxicity of Ash C NPs under the action of near-infrared light (NIR) irradiation. The MTT assay outcomes were statistically analyzed by Bonferroni post hoc multiple two-group comparisons using one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). Based on the Monte-Carlo simulation technique, the spatially resolved steady-state diffusely reflected light from the cancerous and healthy cells is acquired. The diffuse equation reconstructed the optical fluence rate using the finite element technique. The fluorescent effect of the nanoparticles was observed when the cells were irradiated with NIR. The MTT assay revealed a decrease in the cell viability under the action of Ash C NPs with and without laser irradiation. Colon cancer and normal cells were differentiated based on the optical characterization after laser irradiation. The light diffusion equation was successfully resolved for the fluence rate on cells’ surfaces showing different normal and cancer cells values. Ash C NPs appeared its fluorescent effect in the presence of NIR laser.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of grassland use intensity in Switzerland
Authors: Spörri Martina , El Benni Nadja , Mack Gabriele , Finger Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLand use intensity determines the provision of multiple important ecosystem services of agriculture. In Switzerland, agricultural policy developments have aimed and still aim to extensify agricultural systems and especially grassland use. We here provide a spatial and temporal analysis of changes in grassland use intensity and discuss them in the context of agricultural policy developments to assess potential policy impacts. We use farm-level census data over a period of 19 years. Spatio-temporal patterns of in- and extensification are investigated visually and by global and local Moran’s I measures. We find that while average changes in grassland use intensity are small, there is a substantial increase in the heterogeneity of grassland use intensity strategies over time, as indicated by increasing interquantile ranges of yearly boxplots. Our results suggest that both in- and extensification are profitable strategies for farmers within the given policy framework. Furthermore, Moran’s I measures show the emergence of regional clusters of in- and extensification. These intensification clusters possibly amplify environmental problems. Our analysis therefore highlights the need for spatial assessments of agricultural policies, i.e. local adverse environmental effects of intensive grassland use should be targeted by spatially tailored policy measures.
Previous stress causes a contrasting response to cadmium toxicity in the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum: lethal and behavioral endpoints
Authors: Alonso Álvaro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, animals are often exposed to a combination of stressors, including both natural and anthropogenic factors. Combined stressors may have additive or interactive effects on animals, either magnifying or reducing the effects caused by each stressor alone. Therefore, standardized bioassays can lead to overestimations or underestimations of the risk of toxicants if natural stressors are not bear in mind. The inclusion of natural stress in laboratory bioassays may help to extrapolate the laboratory results to ecosystems. This study assesses the effects of successive exposure to two sources of stress (high water conductivity and cadmium toxicity) on the behavior and survival of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Tateidae, Mollusca). I conducted a bioassay consisting on exposure to high conductivity (5000 mg NaCl/L, 7 days), followed by exposure to cadmium (0.03, 0.125, and 0.25 mg Cd/L for 7 days) and by a post-exposure period (7 days). Mortality, inactivity, and the time to start activity of active animals were monitored in each animal. In general, cadmium lethality was higher in animals previously undergoing high conductivity than in non-stressed ones. Previously stressed animals showed longer time to start activity, with a noticeable effect at the two highest cadmium concentrations. Animals submitted to the two highest cadmium concentration both, stressed and non-stressed, showed a moderate recovery during the post-exposure period. It is concluded that previous stress caused a worsening of the cadmium toxicity on the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, which is especially noticeable for mortality. However, there was no interactive effect between cadmium and conductivity on snail activity, which may be indicative of recovery after cadmium exposure regardless the previous stress suffered by the snails.
Study on the blood flow characteristics of venous needle retention with different super-hydrophobic surface structures
Authors: Yu Zhun , Liu Lei , Deng Yongzhi , Zhang Xiaowen , Yu Chao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A venous retention needle, as an implanted device, is very likely to cause thrombosis. In view of the thrombosis phenomenon caused by retention needles, this paper compares the influence of different superhydrophobic surface retentions on blood flow. Compared with other superhydrophobic bulges, the fluid velocity of the four-prism bulge is the highest (0.08 m/s), and the vorticity and shear force of the hemispherical bulge are higher. A large number of vortices can inhibit thrombosis better. The tire vortices generated in the superhydrophobic convex grooves are important vortices to inhibit thrombosis. The enhancement and development of the tire vortex weakens the resistance near the wall of the needle and reduces the probability of platelet aggregation. The superhydrophobic surface structure studied in this paper can not only provide guidance for the design of venous retention needles with better performance but also provide corresponding technical support for the development of human implantation devices.
Graphical Abstract
Utilization patterns and factors associated with persistence of new users of anti-osteoporosis treatment in Denmark: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Pedersen Alma B. , Risbo Nickolaj , Kafatos George , Neasham David , O’Kelly James , Ehrenstein Vera 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Summary

Persistence with initial treatment was highest after 1 year, decreasing afterwards. Persistence was highest for denosumab followed by alendronate. We identified several factors associated with treatment persistence, some of which were the same irrespective of OTx agent, which could help target subgroups of patients in terms of social and healthcare support.

Purpose
To describe patient characteristics, persistence, and factors associated with the persistence of new users of the bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate) and the RANKL inhibitor denosumab in Denmark.

Methods
A population-based cohort study using health registries (2010–2018). We included alendronate (n = 128,590), risedronate (n = 892), ibandronate (n = 5,855), and denosumab (n = 16,469) users, aged ≥ 50 years.

Results
The 1-year persistence was 68.2% in the alendronate cohort; 39.3% in the risedronate cohort; 56.3% in the ibandronate cohort; and 84.0% in the denosumab cohort. The 2-year persistence was 58.7% in the alendronate cohort; 28.0% in the risedronate cohort; 42.9% in the ibandronate cohort; and 71.9% in the denosumab cohort. The 4-year persistence was 46.3%, 15.4%, 29.6%, and 56.9%, respectively. Later years of treatment initiation were associated with lower persistence for alendronate (adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was 0.86 (0.81–0.91) in 2016 compared to 2010), but not for risedronate (OR was 1.56 (0.60–4.06), ibandronate (OR was 0.92 (0.71–1.19) or denosumab (OR was 1.11 (0.87–1.43). Older age was associated with higher persistence for all medications and the same goes for the female sex except for ibandronate. Dementia was associated with higher persistence for alendronate but not denosumab, whereas prior osteoporosis treatment (OT) was the opposite. Several comorbidities were associated with lower persistence for alendronate, but not denosumab.

Conclusion
Persistence was highest for denosumab followed by alendronate. We identified several factors associated with treatment persistence, some of which were the same irrespective of OTx agent, which could help target subgroups of patients in terms of social and healthcare support.
Worldwide research progress and trends on geothermal water–rock interaction experiments: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yáñez-Dávila D. , Santoyo E. , Santos-Raga G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present work reports a novel methodological and comprehensive bibliometric analysis on past and present research advances carried out on geothermal water–rock interaction experiments from 1963 to 2022. The novel bibliometric analysis enabled the most representative bibliometric indicators on the research subject to be obtained. Published articles, preferred publication journals, research leaderships (authors, networking groups, institutions, and countries), and future research trends were also collected from a comprehensive searching carried out in indexed databases (Web of Science and Scopus). Up to our knowledge, this bibliometric information will benefit the worldwide geothermal community by providing a deeper insight of water/rock interaction lab experiments carried out up to date. The bibliometric analysis suggests relevant research areas such as geochemistry, thermodynamics, enhanced geothermal systems, carbon dioxide capture, and hydrothermal alteration as the main key research findings. These research areas were identified as the main bibliometric hotspots which have a strong potential to be used for the experimental design of new and improved water–rock interaction studies to address some crucial problems present in the geothermal prospection and exploitation. Among these problems stand out the study of hydrothermal, superhot and enhanced geothermal systems, the chemical fractionation of major and trace elements, the hydrothermal alteration, the calibration of solute and gas geothermometers, the scaling and corrosion problems, the carbon capture and storage, the evaluation of environmental issues, among others. Details of this comprehensive bibliometric analysis, including some statistical and text mining and mapping tools are fully outlined.
Study on electrical double layer nanostructure on zeolitic materials’ surface in the presence of impurities of different nature
Authors: Medykowska Magdalena , Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Katarzyna-Szewczuk-Karpisz  , Panek Rafał 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of the research was to compare the adsorption mechanisms of heavy metal ions (Pb(II) and Zn(II)), as well as organic substances [diclofenac molecules and pol(acrylic acid) macromolecules on the surfaces of Na-X and Na-P1 synthetic zeolites as well their Na-X© and Na-P1© carbon composites]. The single and mixed adsorbate systems were considered. The more probable structures of the formed adsorption layers were proposed based on the results of the solid surface charge density and zeta potential experiments. The great applicability of the analysis of the parameters characterizing the electrical double layer in determination of the binding mechanism of simple inorganic ions and more complex organic molecules on the surface of the examined solids from the one- and two-component solutions was proved. Moreover, the changes of the surface and electrokinetic factors after the addition of the organic molecules enable specification of drug molecule orientation as well as the polymeric chain conformation at the solid/liquid interface.
Influence of chitosan source and degree of deacetylation on antibacterial activity and adsorption of AZO dye from water
Authors: Amor Ilham Ben , Hemmami Hadia , Laouini Salah Eddine , Abdelaziz Ahmed G. , Barhoum Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChitosan is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature with high economic value due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, lack of toxicity, and antifungal activity. In this study, chitosan was extracted from three different sources: Blaps lethifera (CSB), Pimelia fernandezlopezi (CSP), and Musca domestica (CSM). The ash content (AC), moisture content (MC), fat binding capacity (FBC), water binding capacity (WBC), and deacetylation degree (DD) were determined for the prepared chitosans. The effect of the DD of chitosan on the antibacterial activity of gram (positive/negative) bacteria and the azo dyes (methylene blue, MB) removal from wastewater was also investigated. Chitosan extracts showed good antibacterial activity against Listeria innocua, Bacillus subtiliis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MB dye removal of CSB-chitosan, CSP-chitosan, and CSM-chitosan reached 37%, 87%, and 26%, respectively, at a contact time of 2 h, a low initial dye concentration MB of 13 ppm, a solution temperature of 25 °C, and a pH = 7.
Graphical Abstract
Tumor ratio of unsaturated to saturated sulfatide species is associated with disease-free survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Huizing Lennart , Chen Lin , Roeth Anjali A. , Heij Lara R. , Flinders Bryn , Bouwense Stefan A. W. , Balluff Benjamin , Neumann Ulf P. , Heeren Ron M. A. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Vreeken Rob J. , Schaap Frank G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy arising from the bile duct epithelium and has a poor outcome. Sulfatides are lipid components of lipid rafts, and are implicated in several cancer types. In the liver, sulfatides are specifically present in the bile ducts. Here, sulfatide abundance and composition were analyzed using mass spectrometry imaging in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) tumor tissue, and correlated with tumor biology and clinical outcomes.

Methods
Sulfatides were analyzed in iCCA (n = 17), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 10) and colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM, n = 10) tumor samples, as well as tumor-distal samples (control, n = 16) using mass spectrometry imaging. Levels of sulfatides as well as the relative amount in structural classes were compared between groups, and were correlated with clinical outcomes for iCCA patients.

Results
Sulfatide localization was limited to the respective tumor areas and the bile ducts. Sulfatide abundance was similar in iCCA and control tissue, while intensities were notably higher in CRLM in comparison with control (18-fold, P < 0.05) and HCC tissue (47-fold, P < 0.001). Considerable variation in sulfatide abundance was observed in iCCA tumors. A high ratio of unsaturated to saturated sulfatides was associated with reduced disease-free survival (10 vs. 20 months) in iCCA. The sulfatide pattern in HCC deviated from the other groups, with a higher relative abundance of odd- versus even-chain sulfatides.

Conclusion
Sulfatides were found in tumor tissue of patients with iCCA, with sulfatide abundance per pixel being similar to bile ducts. In this explorative study, sulfatide abundance was not related to overall survival of iCCA patients. A high ratio of unsaturated to saturated sulfatides was associated with earlier tumor recurrence in patients with iCCA.
Stationary stochastic Navier–Stokes on the plane at and above criticality
Authors: Cannizzaro G. , Kiedrowski J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, we study the fractional incompressible Stochastic Navier–Stokes equation on $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R

2

, formally defined as $$\begin{aligned} \partial _t v = -\tfrac{1}{2} (-\Delta )^\theta v - \lambda v \cdot \nabla v + \nabla p + \nabla ^{\perp }(-\Delta )^{\frac{\theta -1}{2}} \xi , \qquad \nabla \cdot v = 0 \, , \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

v
=
-

1
2

(
-
Δ
)

θ

v
-
λ
v
·
∇
v
+
∇
p
+

∇
⊥

(
-
Δ
)

θ
-
1

2

ξ
,

∇
·
v
=
0

,

where $$\theta \in (0,1]$$

θ
∈
(
0
,
1
]

, $$\xi $$
ξ
is the space-time white noise on $${\mathbb {R}}_+\times {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R
+

×

R

2

and $$\lambda $$
λ
is the coupling constant. For any value of $$\theta $$
θ
the previous equation is ill-posed due to the singularity of the noise, and is critical for $$\theta =1$$

θ
=
1

and supercritical for $$\theta \in (0,1)$$

θ
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. For $$\theta =1$$

θ
=
1

, we prove that the weak coupling regime for the equation, i.e. regularisation at scale N and coupling constant $$\lambda ={{\hat{\lambda }}}/\sqrt{\log N}$$

λ
=

λ
^

/

log
N

, is meaningful in that the sequence $$\{v^N\}_N$$

{

v
N

}

N

of regularised solutions is tight and the nonlinearity does not vanish as $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

. Instead, for $$\theta \in (0,1)$$

θ
∈
(
0
,
1
)

we show that the large scale behaviour of v is trivial, as the nonlinearity vanishes and v is simply converges to the solution of (0.1) with $$\lambda =0$$

λ
=
0

.
Study on the power extraction performance of a flapping airfoil power generator using jet flow method
Authors: Dong Lu , Xie Peng , Zhu Jian-Yang , Wang Chao , Zhang Po 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlapping airfoil power generator (FAPG) is becoming popular due to high-power extraction with low noise. However, the effect of a combined jet of suction and blowing on the power extraction performance of the flapping airfoil is not fully explored. The present study presents a flapping airfoil model with a compound jet of suction and blowing, and the jet parameters were optimized using the Taguchi method and CFD approach for the maximum power extraction efficiency of the airfoil. It was found that the power extraction efficiency of the flapping airfoil can be improved by applying the compound jet to the trailing edge of the airfoil. Compared to the baseline NACA0015 airfoil, the optimized jet parameters lead to the maximum improvement in efficiency by 38.14%. The analysis of flow field characteristics of the flapping airfoil reveals that the optimal jet parameters can not only enhance the strength of the vortex on airfoil but also improve the vortex motion mechanism, which results in a greater lift of airfoil and better synergy between the lift and the plunging velocity.
Whose side are you on? Complexities arising from the non-combatant status of military medical personnel
Authors: Reade Michael C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the mid-1800s, clergy, doctors, other clinicians, and military personnel who specifically facilitate their work have been designated “non-combatants”, protected from being targeted in return for providing care on the basis of clinical need alone. While permitted to use weapons to protect themselves and their patients, they may not attempt to gain military advantage over an adversary. The rationale for these regulations is based on sound arguments aimed both at reducing human suffering, but also the ultimate advantage of the nation-state fielding non-combatant staff. However, this is sometimes not immediately apparent to combatant colleagues. Clinicians in the armed force are also military officers, owing a “dual loyalty” that can create conflict if their non-combatant status is not well understood. Historical examples of doctors breaching their responsibilities include prioritisation of combat capability over the rights of individual soldiers (as occurred when scarce medical resources were allocated to soldiers more likely to return to battle in preference to those most likely to die without them), use of physicians to facilitate prisoner interrogation, medical research or treatment to enhance physical performance at the expense of health, application of Medical Rules of Eligibility according to factors other than clinical need, provision of treatment contingent upon support for military objectives, and use of medical knowledge to enhance weapons. However, not being a combatant party to a conflict does not imply that the non-combatant clinician cannot act in the national interest. Indeed, by adhering to the same universal ethics as their civilian colleagues, military clinicians provide optimal care to their own troops, facilitate freedom of action in host nations, and build positive international relationships during the conflict and in the post-conflict state.
An Electrochromic Nickel Phosphate Film for Large-Area Smart Window with Ultra-Large Optical Modulation
Authors: Lei Pengyang , Wang Jinhui , Gao Yi , Hu Chengyu , Zhang Siyu , Tong Xingrui , Wang Zhuanpei , Gao Yuanhao , Cai Guofa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExploring materials with high electrochemical activity is of keen interest for electrochemistry-controlled optical and energy storage devices. However, it remains a great challenge for transition metal oxides to meet this feature due to their low electron conductivity and insufficient reaction sites. Here, we propose a type of transition metal phosphate (NiHPO4·3H2O, NHP) by a facile and scalable electrodeposition method, which can achieve the capability of efficient ion accommodation and injection/extraction for electrochromic energy storage applications. Specifically, the NHP film with an ultra-high transmittance (approach to 100%) achieves a large optical modulation (90.8% at 500 nm), high coloration efficiency (75.4 cm2 C−1 at 500 nm), and a high specific capacity of 47.8 mAh g−1 at 0.4 A g−1. Furthermore, the transformation mechanism of NHP upon electrochemical reaction is systematically elucidated using in situ and ex situ techniques. Ultimately, a large-area electrochromic smart window with 100 cm2 is constructed based on the NHP electrode, displaying superior electrochromic energy storage performance in regulating natural light and storing electrical charges. Our findings may open up new strategies for developing advanced electrochromic energy storage materials and smart windows.
Convergence properties of optimal transport-based temporal hypergraphs
Authors: Baptista Diego , De Bacco Caterina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a method to extract temporal hypergraphs from sequences of 2-dimensional functions obtained as solutions to Optimal Transport problems. We investigate optimality principles exhibited by these solutions from the point of view of hypergraph structures. Discrete properties follow patterns that differ from those characterizing their continuous counterparts. Analyzing these patterns can bring new insights into the studied transportation principles. We also compare these higher-order structures to their network counterparts in terms of standard graph properties. We give evidence that some transportation schemes might benefit from hypernetwork representations. We demonstrate our method on real data by analyzing the properties of hypernetworks extracted from images of real systems.
A System of High-Order Fractional Differential Equations with Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Sangi M. , Saiedinezhad S. , Ghaemi M. B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe existence of a solution for a system of two nonlinear high-order fractional differential equations including the Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo derivative with integral boundary conditions, is proved. Simultaneously, we discuss the existence of a solution by applying the Schauder fixed point theorem and a generalized Darbo fixed point theorem, which involves the concept of measure of noncompactness. The paper also contains some examples that illustrate the application of the main result.