bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Utility of Research into Geoengineering Technologies for Risk-Avoidant Agents
Authors: Kostić Milana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a recent paper Winsberg (2021) argued in favor of research into geoengineering by relying on Good’s theorem, which states that conducting research maximizes one’s expected utility. However, this result sometimes fails for risk-avoidant agents (Buchak 2010). Since risk avoidance captures some of the “precautionary” intuitions that critics of geoengineering share, it is important to see if geoengineering research would maximize one’s utility if risk avoidance is taken into account. I show that under some conditions conducting geoengineering research would not maximize risk-weighted expected utility.
Forecasting levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D based on dietary intake, lifestyle and personal determinants in a sample of Southern Europeans
Authors: Valer-Martinez Ana , Sayon-Orea Carmen , Martínez Hernandez José Alfredo , De la Fuente-Arrillaga Carmen , Pérez de Rojas Javier , Barcones Fe , Martínez-González Miguel Angel , Bes-Rastrollo Maira 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVitamin D is an essential nutrient to be consumed in the habitual dietary intake, whose deficiency is associated with various disturbances. This study represents a validation of vitamin D status estimation using a semi-quantitative FFQ, together with data from additional physical activity and lifestyle questionnaires. This information was combined to forecast the serum vitamin D status. Different statistical methods were applied to estimate the vitamin D status using predictors based on diet and lifestyle. Serum vitamin D was predicted using linear regression (with leave-one-out cross-validation) and random forest models. Intraclass correlation coefficients, Lin’s agreement coefficients, Bland–Altman plots and other methods were used to assess the accuracy of the predictedv. observed serum values. Data were collected in Spain. A total of 220 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 78 years were included in this study. They completed validated questionnaires and agreed to provide blood samples to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. The common final predictors in both models were age, sex, sunlight exposure, vitamin D dietary intake (as assessed by the FFQ), BMI, time spent walking, physical activity and skin reaction after sun exposure. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the prediction was 0·60 (95 % CI: 0·52, 0·67;P< 0·001) using the random forest model. The magnitude of the correlation was moderate, which means that our estimation could be useful in future epidemiological studies to establish a link between the predicted 25(OH)D values and the occurrence of several clinical outcomes in larger cohorts.
Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on reproduction in mice in vivo
Authors: Banafshi Omid , Abdi Mohammad , Assadollahi Vahideh , Mohammadi Ebrahim , Ghaderi Ebrahim , Khadem Erfan Mohammad Bagher , Rezaei Mohammad Jafar , Aghamiri Vida , Fathi Fardin 
Published: April 2023

SummarySmoking has dangerous and sometimes irreversible effects on various body tissues, including the reproductive system. We conducted this research to determine the in vivo effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on reproduction in mice. In this experimental in vivo study, 32 male and female NMRI mice were divided into four groups. The mice were injected with CSC (CSC-1R3F) for 28 days. The mice were mated 1 day after the last injection and observed daily for 1 week for the presence of a vaginal plug to track mating. We evaluated mating success rate, and sperm and oocyte quality, pregnancy outcome, childbearing status, and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The results showed a decrease in successful mating in female mice that received the CSC injections. CSC significantly influenced the number of offspring born to males. When the CSC was injected into male mice, there was a significant increase in the number of offspring compared with the group in which only the females received CSC injections. According to the results, there was a negative effect of CSC on morphological parameters in male and female mice. Also, successful IVF after exposure to CSC was significantly decreased in the female mice treated group. The results indicated that CSC significantly affected the number of offspring and fecundity success in females.
Real-time image and time-lapse technology to select the single blastocyst to transfer in assisted reproductive cycles
Authors: Sciorio Romualdo , Campos Gerard , Palini Simone , Baldini Domenico , Janssens Ronny 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe success of an assisted reproduction cycle should be the achievement of a healthy singleton live birth following the replacement of one embryo. Therefore, one of the most critical points for embryologists has been the selection criteria and how to choose the best embryo to transfer with high implantation potential. In this vein, morphological evaluation has been historically the method applied. However, this practice relies on a limited number of single observations and is associated with high operator variability. Recently, a major innovation in embryo culture has been the introduction of a new type of incubator with integrated time-lapse monitoring, which enables the embryologist to analyze the dynamic events of embryo development, from fertilization to blastocyst formation. This novel practice is quickly growing and has been implemented in many IVF clinics worldwide. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to illustrate the benefits of time-lapse technology in a modern embryology laboratory. In particular, we discuss the blastocyst collapse(s) event and morphometric blastocyst assessment and analyse their association with embryo viability and implantation potential.
Wood‐Based Carbon Storage in the Mackenzie River Delta: The World's Largest Mapped Riverine Wood Deposit
Authors: Sendrowski Alicia , Wohl Ellen , Hilton Robert , Kramer Natalie , Ascough Philippa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Mackenzie River Delta (MRD) has been recognized as an important host of river‐derived wood deposits, and Mackenzie River wood has been found across the Arctic Ocean. Nevertheless, we lack estimates of the amount of carbon stored as wood and its age in the delta, representing a gap in carbon cycle estimates. Here, we use very high‐resolution satellite imagery and deep learning to map wood deposits in the MRD, combining this with field data to measure the stock and age of wood‐based carbon. We find >400,000 individual large wood deposits, collectively storing 3.1 × 1012 g‐C, equating to 2 × 106 g‐C ha−1 across the delta. Sampled wood pieces date from 690 AD to 2015 AD but are mostly young with ∼40% of the wood samples formed after 1955 AD. These estimates represent a minimum bound on an important surficial, potentially reactive, carbon pool compared to other deeper carbon stocks in permafrost zones.
Trees in the Stream: Determining Patterns of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter Contributions to the Northeast Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest
Authors: Behnke M. I. , Fellman J. B. , D’Amore D. V. , Spencer R. G. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in small watersheds depends on complex antecedent conditions that ultimately influence DOM generation, processing, and stability downstream. Here, we used ultrahigh resolution Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and total dissolved nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon concentrations to investigate how DOM is produced in distinct sub‐catchment types (poor fen, forested wetland, and upland forest) and transported through a watershed in the northeast Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (NPCTR). We traced a suite of previously identified source‐specific marker formulae from vegetation and soil downstream and used them to test models of terrestrial DOM inputs. Marker formulae escaped microbial degradation and were exported from the watershed, demonstrating strong land‐to‐ocean connectivity through the transfer of unmodified tree DOM from specific tree species into the marine environment. Simple hydrologic and temperature variables were better able to predict inputs of soil‐sourced DOM into the stream network than tree‐sourced DOM, highlighting the role of antecedent conditions (e.g., plant growth stage) in DOM source availability and hydrologic flow connectivity, particularly for plant‐derived material. Forested wetland pore waters featured thousands of nitrogen‐containing molecular formulae that potentially provide a path of direct organic nitrogen uptake to organisms. The modified aromaticity index peaked in midsummer (up to 0.55 for fen headwaters) suggesting DOM inputs from freshly produced vegetation provide a strong summertime terrestrial signal. As the climate changes, new watershed‐scale conditions may further complicate predictions of DOM source availability, flow connectivity, and downstream fate in NPCTR watersheds.
What to Do When the F10.7 Goes Out?
Authors: Elvidge Sean , Themens David R. , Brown Matthew K. , Donegan‐Lawley Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe solar radio flux at 10.7 cm, known as F10.7, is a critical operational space weather index. However, without a clear backup, any interruption to the service can result in substantial errors in model outputs. In this paper we show the impact of one such outage in March 2022 on the models TIE‐GCM and NeQuick, and present a number of alternative solutions that could be used for future outages. The analysis is extended to the F10.7 time series since 1951 and the approach resulting in the smallest reconstruction error of F10.7 uses the solar radio flux observations at alternative wavelengths (the best giving a percentage error of 3.1%). Alternatively, use of Sunspot Number, a regular, robust alternative observation, results in a mean percentage error of 8.2% and is also a reliable fallback solution. Additionally, analysis of the error on the use of the conversion between the 12‐month rolling sunspot number (R12) and its conversion to F10.7 is included.
Remembering through the genome: the role of chromatin states in brain functions and diseases
Authors: Arzate-Mejia Rodrigo G. , Mansuy Isabelle M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChromatin is the physical substrate of the genome that carries the DNA sequence and ensures its proper functions and regulation in the cell nucleus. While a lot is known about the dynamics of chromatin during programmed cellular processes such as development, the role of chromatin in experience-dependent functions remains not well defined. Accumulating evidence suggests that in brain cells, environmental stimuli can trigger long-lasting changes in chromatin structure and tri-dimensional (3D) organization that can influence future transcriptional programs. This review describes recent findings suggesting that chromatin plays an important role in cellular memory, particularly in the maintenance of traces of prior activity in the brain. Inspired by findings in immune and epithelial cells, we discuss the underlying mechanisms and the implications for experience-dependent transcriptional regulation in health and disease. We conclude by presenting a holistic view of chromatin as potential molecular substrate for the integration and assimilation of environmental information that may constitute a conceptual basis for future research.
Current realities of home blood pressure monitoring from physicians’ perspectives: results from Asia HBPM survey 2020
Authors: Wang Tzung-Dau , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Bunyi Ma Lourdes , Chadachan Veerendra Melagireppa , Chia Yook Chin , Kario Kazuomi , Kim Cheol-Ho , Lin Hung-Ju , Matsushita Noriko , Park Sungha , Salman Ebtehal , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Tay Jam Chin , Tien Hoang Anh , Tomar Isha , Turana Yuda , Van Minh Huynh , Verma Narsingh , Wander Gurpreet Singh , Wang Ji-Guang , Zhou Yi , Imai Yutaka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUncontrolled hypertension is a significant problem in many parts of Asia. Effective management is essential to reduce the burden of hypertension. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is a promising tool that can aid in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Experts from 11 countries/regions in Asia conceptualized a large-scale survey to examine the current realities of HBPM. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health care professionals from China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam between November 2019 and June 2021. Physicians’ responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. A total of 7945 physicians participated in the survey. Among all respondents, 50.3% and 33.5% viewed HBPM as highly recognized by physicians and patients in their country/region, respectively. Lack of understanding of HBPM and concern with the accuracy and reliability of HBPM devices were identified as key barriers to HBPM recognition. Nearly all physicians (95.9%) reported recommending HBPM to their patients; however, they reported less than 50% of their patients measured home blood pressure (HBP). Among physicians who recommended HBPM, only 22.4% and 54.1% cited HBP diagnostic threshold values and timing of taking antihypertensive drugs that were consistent with available guidelines, respectively. The survey reveals that the recognition of HBPM as a valuable tool to diagnose and manage hypertension is suboptimal in most parts of Asia. Despite high recommendation of HBPM to hypertensive patients by physicians, there are considerable discrepancies between guidelines recommendations and practice realities.
FOXI3 pathogenic variants cause one form of craniofacial microsomia
Authors: Mao Ke , Borel Christelle , Ansar Muhammad , Jolly Angad , Makrythanasis Periklis , Froehlich Christine , Iwaszkiewicz Justyna , Wang Bingqing , Xu Xiaopeng , Li Qiang , Blanc Xavier , Zhu Hao , Chen Qi , Jin Fujun , Ankamreddy Harinarayana , Singh Sunita , Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Xiaogang , Chen Peiwei , Ranza Emmanuelle , Paracha Sohail Aziz , Shah Syed Fahim , Guida Valentina , Piceci-Sparascio Francesca , Melis Daniela , Dallapiccola Bruno , Digilio Maria Cristina , Novelli Antonio , Magliozzi Monia , Fadda Maria Teresa , Streff Haley , Machol Keren , Lewis Richard A. , Zoete Vincent , Squeo Gabriella Maria , Prontera Paolo , Mancano Giorgia , Gori Giulia , Mariani Milena , Selicorni Angelo , Psoni Stavroula , Fryssira Helen , Douzgou Sofia , Marlin Sandrine , Biskup Saskia , De Luca Alessandro , Merla Giuseppe , Zhao Shouqin , Cox Timothy C. , Groves Andrew K. , Lupski James R. , Zhang Qingguo , Zhang Yong-Biao , Antonarakis Stylianos E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCraniofacial microsomia (CFM; also known as Goldenhar syndrome), is a craniofacial developmental disorder of variable expressivity and severity with a recognizable set of abnormalities. These birth defects are associated with structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches, can occur unilaterally and include ear dysplasia, microtia, preauricular tags and pits, facial asymmetry and other malformations. The inheritance pattern is controversial, and the molecular etiology of this syndrome is largely unknown. A total of 670 patients belonging to unrelated pedigrees with European and Chinese ancestry with CFM, are investigated. We identify 18 likely pathogenic variants in 21 probands (3.1%) inFOXI3. Biochemical experiments on transcriptional activity and subcellular localization of the likely pathogenicFOXI3variants, and knock-in mouse studies strongly support the involvement ofFOXI3in CFM. Our findings indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance, and/or autosomal recessive inheritance. The phenotypic expression of theFOXI3variants is variable. The penetrance of the likely pathogenic variants in the seemingly dominant form is reduced, since a considerable number of such variants in affected individuals were inherited from non-affected parents. Here we provide suggestive evidence that common variation in theFOXI3allele intranswith the pathogenic variant could modify the phenotypic severity and accounts for the incomplete penetrance.
Anaerobic thiosulfate oxidation by the Roseobacter group is prevalent in marine biofilms
Authors: Ding Wei , Wang Shougang , Qin Peng , Fan Shen , Su Xiaoyan , Cai Peiyan , Lu Jie , Cui Han , Wang Meng , Shu Yi , Wang Yongming , Fu Hui-Hui , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Li Yong-Xin , Zhang Weipeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThiosulfate oxidation by microbes has a major impact on global sulfur cycling. Here, we provide evidence that bacteria within variousRoseobacterlineages are important for thiosulfate oxidation in marine biofilms. We isolate and sequence the genomes of 54 biofilm-associatedRoseobacterstrains, finding conservedsoxgene clusters for thiosulfate oxidation and plasmids, pointing to a niche-specific lifestyle. Analysis of global ocean metagenomic data suggests thatRoseobacterstrains are abundant in biofilms and mats on various substrates, including stones, artificial surfaces, plant roots, and hydrothermal vent chimneys. Metatranscriptomic analysis indicates that the majority of activesoxgenes in biofilms belong toRoseobacterstrains. Furthermore, we show thatRoseobacterstrains can grow and oxidize thiosulfate to sulfate under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomic and membrane proteomic analyses of biofilms formed by a representative strain indicate that thiosulfate inducessoxgene expression and alterations in cell membrane protein composition, and promotes biofilm formation and anaerobic respiration. We propose that bacteria of theRoseobactergroup are major thiosulfate-oxidizers in marine biofilms, where anaerobic thiosulfate metabolism is preferred.
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of capsids and in situ portals of DNA-devoid capsids of human cytomegalovirus
Authors: Li Zhihai , Pang Jingjing , Gao Rongchao , Wang Qingxia , Zhang Maoyan , Yu Xuekui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe portal-scaffold complex is believed to nucleate the assembly of herpesvirus procapsids. During capsid maturation, two events occur: scaffold expulsion and DNA incorporation. The portal-scaffold interaction and the conformational changes that occur to the portal during the different stages of capsid formation have yet to be elucidated structurally. Here we present high-resolution structures of the A- and B-capsids and in-situ portals of human cytomegalovirus. We show that scaffolds bind to the hydrophobic cavities formed by the dimerization and Johnson-fold domains of the major capsid proteins. We further show that 12 loop-helix-loop fragments—presumably from the scaffold domain—insert into the hydrophobic pocket of the portal crown domain. The portal also undergoes significant changes both positionally and conformationally as it accompanies DNA packaging. These findings unravel the mechanism by which the portal interacts with the scaffold to nucleate capsid assembly and further our understanding of scaffold expulsion and DNA incorporation.
Multidimensional query processing algorithm by dimension transformation
Authors: Rimi Rejwana Tasnim , Hasan K. M. Azharul , Tsuji Tatsuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultidimensional query processing is an important access pattern for multidimensional scientific data. We propose an in-memory multidimensional query processing algorithm for dense data using a higher-dimensional array. We developed a new array system namely a Converted two-dimensional Array (C2A) of a multidimensional array of dimension n ($$n > 2$$

n
>
2

) where the n dimensions are transformed into 2 dimensions. Using the C2A, we design and analyze less complex algorithms that show improve performance for data locality and cache miss rate. Therefore, improved performance for data retrieval is achieved. We demonstrate algorithms for single key and range key queries for both Traditional Multidimensional Array(TMA) and C2A. We also compare the performance of both schemes. The cost of index computation gets high when the number of dimensions increases in a TMA but the proposed C2A based algorithm shows less computation cost. The cache miss rate is also lower for in C2A based algorithm than TMA based algorithm. Theoretical and experimental results show that the performance of C2A based algorithm outperforms the TMA-based algorithms.
Response of different varieties of maize to nitrogen stress and diagnosis of leaf nitrogen using hyperspectral data
Authors: Lu Yanli , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cui Yuezhi , Chao Yaru , Song Guipei , Nie Caie , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpectral technology is theoretically effective in diagnosing N stress in maize (Zea mays L.), but its application is affected by varietal differences. In this study, the responses to N stress, leaf N spectral diagnostic models and the differences between two maize varieties were analysed. The variety “Jiyu 5817” exhibited a greater response to different N stresses at the 12-leaf stage (V12), while “Zhengdan 958” displayed a greater response in the silking stage (R1). Correlation analysis showed that the spectral bands more sensitive to leaf N content were 548–556 nm and 706–721 nm at the V12 stage in “Jiyu 5817” and 760–1142 nm at the R1 stage in “Zhengdan 958”. An N spectral diagnostic model that considers the varietal effect improves the model fit and root mean square error (RMSE) with respect to the model without it by 10.6% and 29.2%, respectively. It was concluded that the V12 stage for “Jiyu 5817” and the R1 stage for “Zhengdan 958” were the best diagnostic stages and were more sensitive to N stress, which can further guide fertilization decision-making in precision fertilization.
Most patients with COPD are unaware of their health threats and are not diagnosed: a national-level study using pulmonary function test
Authors: Park Myung-Bae , Lee Tae Sic , Lee Ji-ho , Lee Jinhee 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate national-level prevalence of COPD, proportion of patients diagnosed with and without COPD. We performed pulmonary function test (PFT) in 24,454 adults aged > 40 years for 8 years (2010–2017). The annual COPD prevalence increased from 13.1% in 2010 to 14.6% in 2012, followed by 13.3% in 2017. However, patients diagnosed with COPD ranged between 0.5 and 1.0% in the last 8 years, which means that only 5% of all COPD patients were diagnosed with COPD by doctors. We defined potential high-risk individuals as those with a FEV1/FVC ratio of < 0.70, who have not been diagnosed with COPD and other respiratory diseases tuberculosis, asthma, lung cancer. The proportion of this group was 80.8% in 2010 and 78.1% in 2017. The older age group, women, low-educated group, and current smokers who have been smoking for a long time are more likely to be in the high-risk group having a higher possibility to develop COPD but are not diagnosed with COPD appropriately. Although COPD prevalence was high in the ever, current, and heavy smokers, only the diagnosis rate of COPD in ever smokers was 2.38 times higher than never smokers, indicating that a system is needed to screen and intervention for these groups.