bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dithiolethiones D3T and ACDT protect against iron overload-induced cytotoxicity and serve as ferroptosis inhibitors in U-87 MG cells
Authors: Kulkarni Neha , Gadde Rajitha , Betharia Swati 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Iron overload-induced oxidative stress is implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders. Given the numerous adverse effects associated with current iron chelators, natural antioxidants are being explored as alternative therapeutic options. Dithiolethiones found in cruciferous vegetables have emerged as promising candidates against a wide range of toxicants owing to their lipophilic and cytoprotective properties. Here, we test the dithiolethiones D3T and ACDT against ferric ammonium citrate (FAC)-induced toxicity in U-87 MG astrocytoma cells. Exposure to 15 mM FAC for 24 hours resulted in 54% cell death. A 24-hour pretreatment with 50 µM D3T and ACDT prevented this cytotoxicity. Both dithiolethiones exhibited antioxidant effects by activating the Nrf2 transcription factor and upregulating levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH). This resulted in the successful inhibition of FAC-induced reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Additionally, D3T and ACDT upregulated expression of the Nrf2-mediated iron storage protein ferritin which consequently reduced the total labile iron pool. A 24-hour pretreatment with D3T and ACDT also prevented cell death induced by the ferroptosis inducer erastin by upregulating the xCT transporter expression. The resulting increase in intracellular GSH and alleviation of lipid peroxidation was comparable to that caused by ferrostatin-1, a specific ferroptosis inhibitor. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that dithiolethiones may show promise as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of iron overload disorders.
Risk prediction model construction for heart failure after myocardial infarction by immune B cells in blood
Authors: Sun HouRong , Kong XiangJin , Meng LingWei , Hao Jie , Xi Yue , Wei KaiMing , Li GuanNan , Lv Xin , Zou Xin , Gu XingHua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent heart disease. The development and outcomes of post-MI heart failure (HF) continue to be a major factor in the poor post-MI prognosis despite the extensive medical treatment for MI. There are currently few indicators that can accurately predict post-MI heart failure. In this study, we re-examined single cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq datasets collected from peripheral blood samples of myocardial infarction and dataset of patients who developed heart failure or heart failure did not occur after myocardial infarction. We discovered a subtype of immune-activation B cell which is associated with the discrimination of post-MI HF and nonHF patients. Such finding was further validated in independent corhorts using PCR. By incorporating the specific marker genes of the B subtype, we developed a prediction model with 13 markers that can predict the HF risk of myocardial infarction patients and provide useful clinical experience and tools.
Inhibition mechanism of MRTX1133 on KRASG12D : a molecular dynamics simulation and Markov state model study
Authors: Liang Fanglin , Kang Zhengzhong , Sun Xianqiang , Chen Jiao , Duan Xuemin , He Hu , Cheng Jianxin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The mutant KRAS was considered as an “undruggable” target for decades, especially KRASG12D. It is a great challenge to develop the inhibitors for KRASG12Dwhich lacks the thiol group for covalently binding ligands. The discovery of MRTX1133 solved the dilemma. Interestingly, MRTX1133 can bind to both the inactive and active states of KRASG12D. The binding mechanism of MRTX1133 with KRASG12D, especially how MRTX1133 could bind the active state KRASG12Dwithout triggering the active function of KRASG12D,has not been fully understood. Here, we used a combination of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state model (MSM) to understand the inhibition mechanism of MRTX1133 and its analogs. The stationary probabilities derived from MSM show that MRTX1133 and its analogs can stabilize the inactive or active states of KRASG12Dinto different conformations. More remarkably, by scrutinizing the conformational differences, MRTX1133 and its analogs were hydrogen bonded to Gly60 to stabilize the switch II region and left switch I region in a dynamically inactive conformation, thus achieving an inhibitory effect. Our simulation and analysis provide detailed inhibition mechanism of KRASG12Dinduced by MRTX1133 and its analogs. This study will provide guidance for future design of novel small molecule inhibitors of KRASG12D.
The use of Xenogeneic Block Graft and Perforated Collagen Membrane Augmented L-PRF Coverage in Vertical Ridge Augmentation: An Experimental Study in Canine Model
Authors: Eldabe Abdelrahman K. , Amr Ahmed E. , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. , Abdelhamid Ehab S. , Gamal Ahmed Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The primary objective was to evaluate clinically the efficacy of modified perforated collagen membrane (PCM) and/or (L-PRF) in combination with xenogeneic block bone graft in the vertical alveolar ridge augmentation. Secondary outcome measurements were to evaluate histologically the quality of newly formed tissues.
Materials and Methods
Six adult mongrel dogs were enrolled in this randomized blinded study. After defect preparation, xenogeneic screw fixed block graft was covered by occlusive collagen membrane in the group (1) (Block + CM - control group ), while group (2), (L-PRF) membrane was added first before top coverage by occlusive collagen membrane (Block + L-PRF + CM). Groups (3) and (4) were identical to the first two groups except that, the occlusive collagen membrane was replaced by a perforated one, so group (3) was (Block + PCM ) and group (4) was (Block + L-PRF + PCM). Following a healing period of 2 months, dogs were submitted to surgical reentry phase for clinical and histological evaluation.
Results
Clinically, no significant differences were found among all groups regarding vertical and horizontal ridge dimensions (P = 0.155, 0.492 respectively). Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the percentage of total bone area and mature bone was significantly higher in group 4 (69.36 ± 2.72), (33.11 ± 5.18) compared to control group (59.17 ± 4.27),( 21.94 ± 2.86) (P = 0. 027, P = 0.029).
Conclusion
The use of xenogenic block grafts in combination with a double-layered perforated collagen-L-PRF membrane in vertical ridge augmentation appeared to improve the inductive power of this challenging defect type.
Clinical Relevance:
Size and number of perforations may affect the mechanical and handling properties of the membrane.
Reinforcement Learning in Noise Enabled Simulated Environment
Authors: Varghese Tiju George , Sherif Bismin V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a subfield of Artificial intelligence concerned with how agents are trained to become intelligent, so as to take optimum actions in a stochastic environment, in order to maximize the cumulative reward in the long term. The main objective in this field is to find a balance between exploration and exploitation based search strategy. In this context a control problem refers to an objective function of environment state at different points in time and control variables. Optimal control deals with the problem of finding a set of control variable that helps in maximizing the cumulative reward under certain constraints. In case of CartPole, also known as inverted pendulum, the goal here is to move the cart to the left or to the right, so that the pole (pendulum) can stand within a certain angle as long as possible. This work aims to design and develop an intelligent agent for CartPole balancing task using reinforcement learning technique. The actor-critic based reinforcement algorithm was used for training the proposed agent. The results of the proposed agent is compared with a genetic algorithm (GA) based agent. The proposed agent was found to score higher rewards than GA based agent and the training process was significantly faster compared to GA based agent.
A Study of Multivariable Calculus Vector-Related Items in the WeBWorK Open Problem Library
Authors: VanDieren Monica , Moore-Russo Deborah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
WeBWorK is a free, online homework system that was developed in 1994. It has been supported by key organizations and is currently used by many in the postsecondary mathematics community. Its Open Problem Library (OPL) contains tens of thousands of items at the lower division undergraduate mathematics level. The goal of this study is to investigate multivariable calculus vector-related items in the WeBWorK OPL. We first consider the usage and nature of these items. Next, we consider the nature of the items by looking at each item’s cognitive complexity, the key vector ideas addressed in the item, and the vector representations used in the item by systematically adapting and employing previous coding schemes from documented mathematics education research. The findings in this study validate the critical features of vectors that were identified in earlier work. We conclude that the list of key vector ideas appears to be comprehensive since they addressed the topics in all multivariable calculus vector-related items studied. However, there are not many items of high or very high cognitive complexity. based on our findings, there appears to be a need for specific types of vector-related items available in the WeBWorK OPL. We conclude there is a need for additional items that involve contextual situations; graphical or geometrical interpretation; and reasoning, proof, and justification. We also provide detailed recommendations for the addition of vector-related items that address topics or use representations that are missing or in limited supply in the WeBWorK OPL.
The Obnoxious Competitive Facility Location Model
Authors: Drezner Tammy , Drezner Zvi , Zerom Dawit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we propose a new competitive location model that considers the possible negative impact generated by competing facilities (such as cannabis dispensaries) on surrounding communities. The facilities cannot be located too close to the communities. Therefore, when distances are Euclidean, the facilities must be located at a point outside a set of circles centered at the communities. After formulating the model, a specially designed efficient algorithm that solves the single facility location problem within a given relative accuracy of optimality is constructed. A total of 128 instances are solved in a relatively short time. The largest instance of 10 existing competing facilities and 20,000 demand points was solved in less than 15 minutes of computer time. This new model opens avenues for future research by designing similar new models. Also, the algorithm designed in this paper can be applied to solving other location problems with outside of a set of circles constraints.
Complete genome sequence of the temperate bacteriophage phiSTEC1575-Stx2k induced from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Xi , Sui Xinxia , Liu Qian , Wang Hua , Sun Hui , Bai Xiangning , Xiong Yanwen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A temperate phage, phiSTEC1575-Stx2k, was induced by mitomycin C treatment from a clinical Escherichia coli isolate producing a recently identified Shiga toxin 2k subtype. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that phiSTEC1575-Stx2k belongs to the family Siphoviridae. The complete genome of the phage contained 46,647 bp of circular double-stranded DNA with an average G+C content of 51%. Eighty putative open reading frames were predicted, 44 of which encode proteins involved in phage integration, DNA packaging and replication, regulation, toxicity, bacterial lysis, and morphogenesis. The phage was determined to be inserted into the dusA of lysogenic host chromosome by comparative genomic analysis. These results expand our knowledge on the genomic characteristics of Stx phages.
Potential of whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to predict muscle volume of psoas major, gluteus maximus and back muscles
Authors: Tanaka Masaru , Kanayama Masahiro , Oha Fumihiro , Shimamura Yukitoshi , Tsujimoto Takeru , Hasegawa Yuichi , Hashimoto Tomoyuki , Nojiri Hidetoshi , Ishijima Muneaki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Measurement of trunk muscle volume using axial MR images is considered clinically meaningful for understanding several spinal pathologies such as low back pain and spinal sagittal imbalance. However, it remains unclear whether trunk muscle mass (TMM) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can predict trunk muscle volume. The aim of this study is to investigate correlation between TMM measured by DXA and cross-sectional area (CSA) of trunk muscles measured by MRI in healthy volunteers.
Methods
A total of 48 healthy volunteers underwent whole-body DXA and MRI of spinopelvic region. CSAs of psoas major, back muscles, and gluteus maximus were measured on MR axial images. Correlations between TMM measured by DXA and CSA of each musculature were investigated. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was employed for statistical analysis.
Results There was a weak correlation between TMM and CSA of psoas major (r = 0.39, P = 0.0678) in men, and a moderate correlation was found in women (r = 0.58, P = 0.0021). There were moderate correlations between TMM and CSA of back muscles both in men (r = 0.63, P = 0.0012) and women (r = 0.63, P = 0.0007). There was a strong correlation between TMM and CSA of gluteus maximus in men (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001), and a moderate correlation was found in women (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
TMM was significantly correlated with CSAs of back muscles and gluteus maximus. DXA-derived TMM could reflect the muscle volume of back muscles and gluteus maximus.
Cytochrome C Oxidase is One of the Key Enzymes Providing the Ability to Synthesize Phenazines in Pseudomonas Chlororaphis Subsp. Aurantiaca
Authors: Verameyenka Katsiaryna G. , Naumouskaya Volga A. , Maximova Natalia P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Phenazines are heteroaromatic compounds consist of a central pyrazine ring fused with two benzenes. Various functional groups linked to the dibenzopyrasine core cause differences in chemical, physical and biological properties of phenazines. The interest to these substances does not reduce in several decades. New biological activities and practical applications discovered in recent years force the researchers to study all aspects of phenazines synthesis, degradation and mechanisms of their action.
In this study, we demonstrated the involvement of coxA gene product (cytochrome c oxidase, su I) in phenazines biosynthesis in P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca. Overlap PCR was used to knockout coxAgene and derived mutants were analyzed for their ability to grow on rich and minimal culture media, as well as for the phenazines production level. We showed that the product of coxA gene is necessary for the phenazines production in rich growth media. At the same time CoxA protein seems has no effect on phenazines production in M9 minimal salts medium. CoxA protein is one of the core proteins of large transmembrane protein complex cytochrome c oxidase found in bacteria, archaea, and mitochondria of eukaryotes. We demonstrated that the knockout of even one subunit of this complex multiunit protein leads to a significant decrease (to trace concentrations) or complete suppression of phenazine antibiotics production on rich PCA-medium in P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca.
Analysis of Escherichia coli resistance to ampicillin
Authors: Zheng Yuhong , Chang Jiyuan , Zhang Wenxuan , Lin Jiahui , Yin Juzhen , Yin Youqiang , Su Yubin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The abuse and misuse of antibiotics in medical treatment and livestock production have led to the generation of bacterial resistance, especially Escherichia coliresistance to ampicillin, which has compromised clinical treatment. To further understand the specific characteristics of E. coli resistance to ampicillin, we explored the growth and resistance characteristics of bacteria evolving from sensitive to resistant bacteria, with the aim of discovering new phenomena and patterns. In the present study, ampicillin-resistant E. coli strains with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 4-, 16-, and 64-fold were obtained through artificial passage. Results showed that the diameter of the colony inhibition circle decreased at the same concentration of ampicillin and "microcolonization"appeared as bacterial resistance increased. Regarding growth rate, ampicillin-resistant bacteria grew more slowly than susceptible bacteria. The MIC value of ampicillin-resistant bacteria for cefpirome and cefazolin, which are both β-lactam antibiotics, increased as drug resistance increased. In addition, the intracellular concentration of ampicillin and the permeability of the cell membrane decreased as drug resistance increased. This study explored the changing drug resistance characteristics of E. coliampicillin-resistant bacteria to varying degrees, and provides a foundation for future studies investigating the resistance mechanism and clinical treatment of E. coli ampicillin-resistant bacteria.
Gastric collision tumor with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and adenocarcinoma: a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Hao Meiling , Zhao Yuyang , Shen Xingbin , Li Chunhui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach is a common lymphoma originating from gastric submucosal lymphoid tissue, and the coexistence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and adenocarcinoma is exceedingly rare.
Case presentation:
A 58-year-old woman came to our hospital for treatment due to a choking feeling after eating. During endoscopy, multiple irregular ulcers were seen in the fundus and body of the stomach, and the surrounding mucosa was raised. The biopsy pathology showed poorly differentiated cancer, and the patient did not undergo immunohistochemical detection. Distal gastrectomy was performed. Pathological evaluation of resected specimens showed gastric tubular adenocarcinoma and GC diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. No migration was found at the junction of the two tumors, forming a collision tumor. The patient received two cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy, and there is no recurrence at present.
Conclusion
We report a case of primary gastric adenocarcinoma colliding with GC-DLBCL. Clinicians and pathologists should pay attention to this issue to avoid missed diagnoses.
Patient as Educator: A Pearl in Medical Education
Authors: Rezazadeh Mahnaz Boroumand , momen Farhad , Mousavi Seyed Reza , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid , Ranjbar Esmaeil 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: One of the important goals of modern medical education is to change the role of patients in education from passive to active. One of the new educational methods is the "patient as educator" method. This study was conducted for investigating the effect of using the patient as educator method on medical students.
Methods: his study was conducted in a semi-experimental intervention method with 56 medical studentsof Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2 menopausal women, as patient educators, participated in the training course on the important points of history taking and examination in menopausal women. Demographic information of the students, including age, gender, and mean of scores, was collected. Then the students were divided into two groups. The control group received the usual method of training in the department. In the intervention group, a one-hour training session was held with the presence of the patient and the history taking and examination by the medical students and then by the patient, feedback was given based on the checklist. One month later, both groups were given an OSCE.
Results: the two groups were homogenous in terms of age, sex, and grade point average (P>0.05). After the intervention, a significant difference between the two groups was observed in the history test, professional behavior and examination between the two groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: using the patient as educator method can be a suitable method to enhance the skill level of history taking, examination and professional behavior of medical students.
Aortic Valve Leaflets Are Asymmetric and Correlated With the Origin of Coronary Arteries
Authors: Koerner Taylor S. , Cunningham Thomas , Marshall Mayme E. , Talley Lauren S. , Childress Megan , Kharouf Rami M. , Li Wen , Salazar Jorge D. , Corno Antonio F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background.
Aortic valve leaflets asymmetry has been known since Leonardo Da Vinci, but our aim was to evaluate their relationship between size and shape, not defined in children, which we hypothesized correlated with coronary arteries origin.
Methods.
Consecutive pediatric patients with trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE), with or without trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE), were included in our study. Exclusion criteria: a) bicuspid aortic valve, b) aortic valve stenosis, c) hypoplasia of aortic valve annulus, or aortic root; d) truncal valve, e) coronary artery atresia, f) previous surgery on aortic valve and/or coronary arteries. In pre-operative TTE and intra-operative TEE inter-commissural distance and length of aortic valve leaflets were measured in short axis view at the period of isovolumetric contraction in systole. Echocardiography investigations, anonymized and randomly coded, were independently reviewed by at least two readers. Echocardiography, angiography, cardiac CT scan and MRI, and operative notes were reviewed to identify origin of coronary arteries.
Findings.
261 pediatric patients were identified, 93 excluded per our criteria, leaving 168 patients, age 2.6 ± 4.3 years, weight 12.87 ± 17.34 kg, 128 (76%) with normal and 40 (24%) with abnormal coronary arteries. In TTE and TEE measurements the non-coronary leaflet had larger area (P < 0.001), while the right and left had equal areas, but different shape, with the left leaflet longer (P < 0.001) and narrower (P = 0.005) than the right. With the major source of blood flow from the right coronary sinus, the non-coronary leaflet was still the longest. However, there was no statically significant difference between the size and shape previously observed between the right and left leaflets.
Conclusions.
Our study showed asymmetry of size and shape among aortic valve leaflets, and a correlation with coronary artery origin. The complex aortic root anatomy must be approximated to optimize function of any surgical repair. These findings also may prove useful in the pre-operative definition of coronary artery anatomy and in the recognition of coronary artery anomalies.
Multidimensional Analysis of Engineering Cost Database Based on Descriptive Data Mining
Authors: Ke Dandan , Dai Jingyi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cost estimation in construction engineering is a crucial topic of study. Low precision in construction engineering cost prediction results from traditional models' inability to adequately capture the evolving trend of construction engineering costs. As a result, a descriptive data mining-based cost prediction model for construction engineering is suggested. The database of engineering costs is first built using several characteristic indices, and the aberrant data are found and filtered using the K-means clustering approach. Second, the mathematical model is established, and its solution is carried out using the LSSVM. Finally, the model is optimized using the PSO technique. The experimental results demonstrate that, in comparison to the conventional engineering cost prediction models, our model's predicted value of the single cost is the closest to the actual cost of one party, and the predicted difference is all within 30 yuan/m2. This finding has significant implications for engineering investment decisions because it can achieve higher accuracy and stability in engineering cost prediction.