bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chase
Authors: Rublack Ulinka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
So how did Maximilian I accomplish the feat of convincing Frankfurt’s Dominicans to sell? This chapter shows why a new enterprising prior was ready to enter a deal, and hoped for Bavarian protection. It explores the compromised conditions under which the copy of the painting for the monastery was made, and this shows why it now does not resemble the masterpiece Dürer’s original would have been. As the Thirty Years’ War broke out in 1618, Dürer’s painting for Heller was finally hung in Munich, soon to be sheltered as soldiers in the service of Lutheran Swedes looted ducal collections. Dürer imagined that his painting would forever remain in Frankfurt’s church for art connoisseurs from everywhere to admire. Yet in this age of change, religious subjects became the most ideologically loaded and contentious of all. The Protestant Reformation changed what subjects could be owned by or displayed in churches, making pre-Reformation masters available to the art market on an unprecedented scale.
It Was a Dark and Stormy Flight
Authors: Gilbert Nora 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Perhaps no other genre is as intrinsically linked, in the popular imagination, with the iconography of the persecuted heroine fleeing from her villainous oppressors as that which has been dubbed “the female gothic.” This chapter compares the string of runaway-woman novels penned by the female gothic’s first and most influential author, Ann Radcliffe, to novels written by two of her best-known contemporaries, Mary Wollstonecraft and Frances Burney. As the subtitles of Wollstonecraft’s Maria; or, the Wrongs of Woman (1798) and Burney’s The Wanderer; or, Female Difficulties (1814) make clear, both are centrally concerned with the subject of female adversity—specifically, in both cases, the adversity faced by women fleeing from abusive husbands. By harnessing the affective power of the genre that Radcliffe made so popular in the years leading up to their composition, Maria and The Wanderer introduce new shades of darkness and terror to their authors’ career-long critiques of gendered injustice.
Epilogue
Authors: Gilbert Nora 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The brief epilogue tracks the ongoing prevalence of woman-on-the-run stories in another popular narrative medium: Hollywood film. In particular, the Hollywood film industry continues to be drawn to stories of women running from the law, usually with a partner in crime (e.g., Bonnie and Clyde, Badlands, Thelma and Louise, Queen and Slim) and stories of women running from abusive husbands (e.g., Sleeping with the Enemy, Enough, Mad Max: Fury Road, The Invisible Man). After discussing how these more recent cinematic representations of female flight connect and relate to those in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century novels, the chapter ends with a nod to the monograph’s namesake, Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl—a novel-turned-film in which the line between the criminalized and victimized runaway woman is provocatively and discomfitingly blurred.
Top-Down Review
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the CJEU’s role in safeguarding EU values in the Member States. Based on recent experiences in the rule of law crisis, it examines how the Court started to review Member States’ compliance with Article 2 TEU. Institutionally, there are solid arguments for involving the Luxembourg court. Judicial proceedings can depoliticize conflicts, guarantee procedural fairness, and exert financial pressure on non-compliant governments. Substantively, upheavals of the Member States’ constitutional structures frequently seem to escape the scope of EU law—except for Article 2 TEU. Instead of applying Article 2 TEU in a self-standing manner, the Court has found ways to operationalize EU values through specific Treaty provisions. The chapter concludes by demonstrating how this approach could be extended beyond issues of judicial independence to other values, such as democracy.
Disrupting the Federal Balance?
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with the impact of an activated Article 2 TEU on the Union’s federal balance. For one, the judicial enforcement of EU values in the Member States might be perceived as exceeding the Union’s competences or as affecting the Member States’ constitutional identities. Moreover, enforcing a uniform understanding of Article 2 TEU values might be normatively undesirable from a pluralist perspective and practically unattainable, considering the diversity among the Member States. Even if most of these objections can be refuted, they call for caution, especially when the provision’s Verbund dimension is concerned. The chapter examines various tools enabling judicial self-restraint, such as a minimalist reading of Article 2 TEU, the use of presumptions, and judicial deference. The latter includes not only a decentralized review leaving the final say on Article 2 TEU violations to referring courts but also a margin of appreciation doctrine.
The Parts of an Imperfect Agent
Authors: Aronowitz Sara 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Formal representations drawn from rational choice theory have been used in a variety of ways to fruitfully model the way in which actual agents are approximately rational. This analysis requires bridging between ideal normative theory, in which the mechanisms, representations, and other such internal parts are in an important sense interchangeable, and descriptive psychological theory, in which understanding the internal workings of the agent is often the main goal of the entire inquiry. In this chapter, I raise a problem brought on by this gap: for almost every theory of approximate rationality, there will be an empirically indistinguishable alternative that individuates the parts of the agent in a significantly different way.
Imagination, Fiction, and Perspectival Displacement
Authors: D’Ambrosio Justin , Stoljar Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The verb ‘imagine’ admits of perspectival modification: we can imagine things from above, from a distant point of view, or from the point of view of a Russian. But in such cases, there need be no person, either real or imagined, who is above or distant from what is imagined, or who has the point of view of a Russian. We call this the puzzle of perspectival displacement. This chapter sets out the puzzle, shows how it does not just concern the language of imagination but also states of imagining themselves, and then presents a solution. The solution draws on the idea that many reports of imagining conceal a distinctive kind of question, and such concealed questions have an extra argument place for (what we will call) an experiencer from whose perspective things are imagined. This solution has a range of advantages over other proposals in the literature and helps to advance two debates concerning perspectival engagement with fiction.
‘Actions of a Body Sentient’
Authors: Peterman Alison 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Margaret Cavendish writes that nature is ‘wise’, that minerals, plants, and animals all have ‘knowledge’ and ‘perception’, and that matter itself is ‘sensitive’ and ‘knowing’. So it is natural that she is usually read as a panpsychist. This chapter argues that she is not, and offers an alternative Cavendishian account of human sense perception and cognition as well as animal and mineral perception and knowledge. All of those are capacities that different kinds of things have of interacting with their environments, but not all of them are ‘mental’, or ‘psychic’, at least not how those terms are usually understood. In not attributing mental capacities to stones or ferns, Cavendish is not suggesting that human beings and other animals are special. On the contrary: when we assume that non-human beings must do things like we do, we reduce nature’s infinite variety to the little we can know from our limited perspective.
C. A. Strong—Real Materialism, Evolutionary Naturalism, Panpsychism
Authors: Strawson Galen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of what a genuinely realistic materialism or genuinely realistic physicalism looks like. (The key is that it must be all-out realist about consciousness.) It combines this with an exposition of some of the work of Charles Augustus Strong—who is, according to this account, an exemplary, genuinely realistic materialist. C. A. Strong, who has been almost entirely forgotten, is one of the very best twentieth-century American philosophers. His work in epistemology is outstanding—it’s not clear that his general philosophical account of perception can be bettered. The same is true of his work in metaphysics. This chapter focuses on his metaphysics, his evolutionary naturalism and the all-out panpsychism that he takes it to entail. It compares him with another evolutionary naturalist, his contemporary, R. W. Sellars, who, with some hesitation, chose an emergentist account of the existence of consciousness over a panpsychist one.
Epistemic Atonement
Authors: Woodard Elise 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When we think about agents who change a long-standing belief, we sometimes have conflicting reactions. On the one hand, such agents often epistemically improve. For example, their new belief may be better supported by the evidence or closer to the truth. On the other hand, such agents are often subject to criticism. Examples include politicians who change their minds on whether climate change is occurring or whether vaccines cause autism. What explains this criticism, and is it ever justified? To answer these questions, this chapter introduces the notion of epistemic atonement. Epistemic atonement refers to the process of making up for one’s previous epistemic failures, including believing badly. Central to this account is the idea that epistemic atonement requires restoring trust and indicating trustworthiness. The chapter fleshes out the proposal by drawing on philosophical and empirical literature on apologies, demonstrating that epistemic blame and atonement parallel the moral domain in various underappreciated respects.
Moorean Arguments against the Error Theory: a Defense
Authors: Sampson Eric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Moorean arguments are a powerful way to engage highly revisionary views in philosophy, such as nihilism about motion, time, and truth. They take, as a premise, a highly plausible first-order claim (e.g., cars move) and conclude from it the falsity of the highly revisionary thesis. Moorean arguments can be used against nihilism in ethics (error theory), too. Recently, error theorists have argued that moral Moorean premises seem highly credible to us, but aren’t, by offering debunking explanations that appeal to higher-order evidence—evidence of error in our reasoning. This chapter argues that the higher-order evidence actually counts further against error-theoretic arguments and further in favor of Moorean arguments and the commonsense views they support. Along the way the chapter answers prominent objections to Moorean arguments: that they’re question-begging, rely on categorizing some claims as “Moorean Facts”, and that reports of one’s credence in a proposition bears no interesting relation to its credibility.
Ambitious Stance-Dependence
Authors: Ingram Stephen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A stance-dependence theory is ambitious if it claims that at least some moral reasons are inescapable or agent-neutral. The challenge for ambitious stance-dependence theorists is to explain how such reasons can be stance-dependent. This chapter argues that the most promising efforts to meet this challenge are unable to capture the non-arbitrariness of moral choice. After briefly arguing that a stability charge can be extended to five views that at least seem to be ambitious, the bulk of the chapter considers the prospects of ambitious constitutivist theories. It argues that, although some such theories are able to avoid the stability charge, they face a normative deficit charge instead, and thus fail to capture the non-arbitrariness of moral choice. The chapter concludes that the prospects of stance-dependence theories are dim.
Transcription, structure, and organoids translate time across the lifespan of humans and great apes
Authors: Charvet Christine J , Ofori Kwadwo , Falcone Carmen , Rigby Dames Brier A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
How the neural structures supporting human cognition developed and arose in evolution is an enduring question of interest. Yet, we still lack appropriate procedures to align ages across primates, and this lacuna has hindered progress in understanding the evolution of biological programs. We generated a dataset of unprecedented size consisting of 573 time points from abrupt and gradual changes in behavior, anatomy, and transcription across human and 8 nonhuman primate species. We included time points from diverse human populations to capture within-species variation in the generation of cross-species age alignments. We also extracted corresponding ages from organoids. The identification of corresponding ages across the lifespan of 8 primate species, including apes (e.g., orangutans, gorillas) and monkeys (i.e., marmosets, macaques), reveals that some biological pathways are extended in humans compared with some nonhuman primates. Notably, the human lifespan is unusually extended relative to studied nonhuman primates demonstrating that very old age is a phase of life in humans that does not map to other studied primate species. More generally, our work prompts a reevaluation in the choice of a model system to understand aging given very old age in humans is a period of life without a clear counterpart in great apes.
Bhaur and others v Equity Trustees and others [2023] EWCA Civ 534—When will equity set aside a voluntary disposition for mistake?
Authors: Venkata Bianca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
On 18 May 2023, the Court of Appeal handed down its decision in Bhaur and others v Equity Trustees and others [2023] EWCA Civ 534. The Court declined to grant equitable relief to set aside the transfer of the Claimants’ family wealth into an employment benefit trust. This was despite the fact that the Claimants had acted on dishonest advice and the catastrophic financial consequences of the transaction. The Court found that as the Claimants were aware of the nature of the tax avoidance scheme, it would not be unconscionable to refuse equitable relief.
Methamphetamine enhances neural activation during anticipation of loss in the monetary incentive delay task
Authors: Molla Hanna , Keedy Sarah , DeBrosse Joseph , de Wit Harriet 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stimulants like methamphetamine (MA) affect motivated behaviors via actions on circuits mediating mood, attention, and reward. Few studies examined the effects of single doses of stimulants on reward circuits during anticipation and receipt of rewards and losses. Here, we examined the effects of MA (20 mg) or placebo in a within-subject, double-blind study with healthy adults (n = 43). During 2 fMRI sessions, participants completed the monetary incentive delay task. Primary outcome measures were BOLD activation in selected regions of interest during anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards and losses. Secondary analyses included behavioral measures, whole brain analysis, and arterial spin labeling. MA produced its expected behavioral effects and increased neural activation in the ventral striatum and anterior insula during anticipation of monetary loss versus non-loss. MA did not affect activation during anticipation of gains, or during receipt of wins or losses. MA significantly reduced cerebral blood flow in the striatum and insula. The present finding that a stimulant enhances the responses of striatal and insular regions to upcoming loss suggests that this system may be sensitive to the salience of upcoming events. The finding adds to a complex body of evidence regarding the effects of stimulant drugs on neural processes during motivated behaviors.
Skin and wound care survey
Authors: Ayello Elizabeth A. , Baranoski Sharon , Jicman Wendy S. Harris 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
This article presents the 2019 Skin and Wound Survey results, which could assist in identifying gaps in nurses' skin and wound care knowledge and in developing nursing curricula and continuing professional development. The 2019 survey was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the results are compared with those from surveys conducted in 2004 and 2012. Author commentaries and additional input from the survey participants are also provided.
Use of Infrared Thermography for Abdominoplasty Procedures in Patients with Extensive Subcostal Scars: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Valença-Filipe Rita , Vardasca Ricardo , Magalhães Carolina , Mendes Joaquim , Amarante José , Costa-Ferreira António 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Subcostal scars may increase the risk of healing complications in abdominoplasty. The authors evaluated the use of thermography as a potential tool for patient selection and surgery planning to avoid complications and improve abdominoplasty outcomes. Two candidates for abdominoplasty procedures who presented with extensive subcostal scars were submitted to an infrared thermography protocol at all phases of the procedure: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative at 1 and 6 months. The preoperative thermography for both patients revealed near-normal abdominal wall perfusion. The thermograms captured intraoperatively during flap elevation did not show perfusion deficits on the upper abdominal flap. At 1 month and 6 months postoperative, dynamic thermography for both patients showed normal to near-normal perfusion. The procedures had a complication-free course with a good aesthetic result. Plastic surgeons may be reluctant to perform a full abdominoplasty in patients with a previous subcostal incision. In this preliminary analysis, we raise the potential usefulness of thermography for patients with recent subcostal scars and/or important comorbidities as a strategy for adequate patient and technique selection, avoiding possible complications. Future studies, with an increased number of patients and adequate statistical analysis, may allow us to validate the utility of thermography in these cases and reassure that the presence of previous extensive subcostal scars may not be a contraindication for a full abdominoplasty, especially if they are not recent.
Association of Socioeconomic Status, Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Identity with Sustained and Cultivated Careers in Surgery
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Gonzalez Luis , Stain Steven C. , Dardik Alan , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Desai Mayur M. , Boatright Dowin , Butler Paris D. 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Examine the association between sex, race, ethnicity, and family income, and the intersectionality between these identities, and sustained or cultivated paths in surgery in medical school.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study examines U.S. medical students who matriculated in academic years 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Data was provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges, including self-reported sex, race, ethnicity, family income, interest in surgery at matriculation, and successful placement into a surgical residency at graduation. This study examined two outcomes: 1) sustained path in surgery between matriculation and graduation for students who entered medical school with an interest in surgery, and 2) cultivated path in surgery for students who entered medical school not initially interested in surgery and who applied to and were successfully placed into a surgical residency at graduation.

Results:
Among the 5,074 students who reported interest in surgery at matriculation, 2,108 (41.5%) had sustained path in surgery. Compared to male students, female students were significantly less likely to have sustained path in surgery (aRR: 0.92 (0.85-0.98)), while Asian (aRR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.74-0.91), Hispanic (aRR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.59-0.83), and low-income (aRR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.78-0.92) students were less likely to have a sustained path in surgery compared to their peers. Among the 17,586 students who reported an initial interest in a non-surgical specialty, 1,869 (10.6%) were placed into a surgical residency at graduation. Female students, regardless of race/ethnic identity and income, were significantly less likely to have cultivated paths in surgery compared to male students, with URiM female students reporting the lowest rates.

Conclusion and Relevance:
This study demonstrates significant disparity in sustained and cultivated paths in surgery during undergraduate medical education. Innovative transformation of the surgical learning environment to promote surgical identity development and belonging for female, URiM, and low-income students is essential to diversify the surgical workforce.
De novoprogesterone synthesis in plants
Authors: Li Rongsheng , Guo Shuang , Wang Dong , Yang Tingting , Zhang Xueli , Dai Zhubo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe essential roles of progesterone and other C21 steroids in animals are well-documented. Progesterone is an essential hormone for females to maintain a regular menstrual cycle and pregnancy, while also exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. While the biosynthesis pathway of C21 steroids is comprehensively understood in animals, the synthesis mechanisms of progesterone in plants remain unclear. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate the complete pathway for progesterone biosynthesis in the plantMarsdenia tenacissima, involving the two sterol side chain cleaving cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450scc) Mt108 or Mt150, as well as the Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4ketosteroid isomerase MtHSD5. This critical discovery paves the way for the sustainable synthesis of steroid hormone drugs using either plants or microbial host cells.
Continuous endosomes form functional subdomains and orchestrate rapid membrane trafficking in trypanosomes
Authors: Link Fabian , Borges Alyssa , Karo Oliver , Jungblut Marvin , Müller Thomas , Meyer-Natus Elisabeth , Krüger Timothy , Sachs Stefan , Jones Nicola G. , Morphew Mary , Sauer Markus , Stigloher Christian , McIntosh J. Richard , Engstler Markus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEndocytosis is a common process observed in most eukaryotic cells, although its complexity varies among different organisms. InTrypanosoma brucei, the endocytic machinery is under special selective pressure because rapid membrane recycling is essential for immune evasion. This unicellular parasite effectively removes host antibodies from its cell surface through hydrodynamic drag and fast endocytic internalization. The entire process of membrane recycling occurs exclusively through the flagellar pocket, an extracellular organelle situated at the posterior pole of the spindle-shaped cell. The high-speed dynamics of membrane flux in trypanosomes do not seem compatible with the conventional concept of distinct compartments for early, late and recycling endosomes. To investigate the underlying structural basis for the remarkably fast membrane traffic in trypanosomes, we employed advanced techniques in light and electron microscopy to examine the three-dimensional architecture of the endosomal system. Our findings reveal that the endosomal system in trypanosomes exhibits a remarkably intricate structure. Instead of being compartmentalized, it constitutes a continuous membrane system, with specific functions of the endosome segregated into membrane subdomains enriched with classical markers for early, late, and recycling endosomes. These membrane subdomains can partly overlap or are interspersed with areas that are negative for endosomal markers. This continuous endosome allows fast membrane flux by facilitated diffusion that is not slowed by multiple fission and fusion events.