bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of structural complexity and L1 experience on L2 acquisition of Chinese multiword sequences
Authors: He Xue 
Published: March 2023

The ChallengeMultiword sequences are difficult for second language (L2) learners to acquire. What factors influence L2 learners' learning of Chinese multiword sequences? The grammar patterns for such constructions in Chinese presented in the textbooks are complicated, and some are not accurate. How should L2 instructors teach multiword sequences?
Carbon–biodiversity relationships in a highly diverse subtropical forest
Authors: Schuldt Andreas , Liu Xiaojuan , Buscot François , Bruelheide Helge , Erfmeier Alexandra , He Jin‐Sheng , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Ma Keping , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Schmid Bernhard , Scholten Thomas , Tang Zhiyao , Trogisch Stefan , Wirth Christian , Wubet Tesfaye , Staab Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon‐focused climate mitigation strategies are becoming increasingly important in forests. However, with ongoing biodiversity declines we require better knowledge of how much such strategies account for biodiversity. We particularly lack information across multiple trophic levels and on established forests, where the interplay between carbon stocks, stand age, and tree diversity might influence carbon–biodiversity relationships. Using a large dataset (>4600 heterotrophic species of 23 taxonomic groups) from secondary, subtropical forests, we tested how multitrophic diversity and diversity within trophic groups relate to aboveground, belowground, and total carbon stocks at different levels of tree species richness and stand age. Our study revealed that aboveground carbon, the key component of climate‐based management, was largely unrelated to multitrophic diversity. By contrast, total carbon stocks—that is, including belowground carbon—emerged as a significant predictor of multitrophic diversity. Relationships were nonlinear and strongest for lower trophic levels, but nonsignificant for higher trophic level diversity. Tree species richness and stand age moderated these relationships, suggesting long‐term regeneration of forests may be particularly effective in reconciling carbon and biodiversity targets. Our findings highlight that biodiversity benefits of climate‐oriented management need to be evaluated carefully, and only maximizing aboveground carbon may fail to account for biodiversity conservation requirements.
Pest suppression potential varies across 10 bioenergy cropping systems
Authors: Haan Nathan L. , Landis Douglas A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTop‐down suppression of herbivores is a fundamental ecological process and a critical service in agricultural landscapes. Adoption of bioenergy cropping systems is likely to become an increasingly important driver causing loss or gain of this service in coming decades. We measured natural pest suppression potential in ten model bioenergy crops in a long‐term experimental array by deploying plasticine sentinel caterpillar mimics, which record imprints from predator attacks. Cropping systems included three intensive annual row crop systems and a range of simple perennial monocultures and more complex polycultures. We compared attack rates across the ten cropping systems and assessed differences over time within a growing season and between the ground level and canopy. We found strong differences in attack rates across cropping systems, usually with more attacks in perennial crops than annuals. However, outcomes varied in space and time, both within and among cropping systems. Birds and small mammals were responsible for most, and sometimes all, attacks in annual crops and were most important early in the season. Chewing arthropod attacks increased over the course of the growing season and were responsible for most attack events in perennial systems. In late summer there were almost no attacks in annual crop canopies, while attack rates in perennial canopies at the same time were quite high and were carried out almost entirely by chewing arthropods. Our results underscore the lack of trophic complexity in annual bioenergy cropping systems relative to perennials. They also illustrate the dramatic changes in predator activity and predation intensity that occur both seasonally and between the ground and plant canopy. Policies and practices that increase the footprint of annual crops for bioenergy are likely to cause a deficit in pest suppression services at local and landscape scales.
Successional shifts in tree demographic strategies in wet and dry Neotropical forests
Authors: Rüger Nadja , Schorn Markus E. , Kambach Stephan , Chazdon Robin L. , Farrior Caroline E. , Meave Jorge A. , Muñoz Rodrigo , van Breugel Michiel , Amissah Lucy , Bongers Frans , Craven Dylan , Hérault Bruno , Jakovac Catarina C. , Norden Natalia , Poorter Lourens , van der Sande Masha T. , Wirth Christian , Delgado Diego , Dent Daisy H. , DeWalt Saara J. , Dupuy Juan M. , Finegan Bryan , Hall Jefferson S. , Hernández‐Stefanoni José L. , Lopez Omar R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTropical forest succession and associated changes in community composition are driven by species demographic rates, but how demographic strategies shift during succession remains unclear. Our goal was to identify generalities in demographic trade‐offs and successional shifts in demographic strategies across Neotropical forests that cover a large rainfall gradient and to test whether the current conceptual model of tropical forest succession applies to wet and dry forests.LocationMexico and Central America.Time period1985–2018.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe used repeated forest inventory data from two wet and two dry forests to quantify demographic rates of 781 tree species. For each forest, we explored the main demographic trade‐offs and assigned tree species to five demographic groups by performing a weighted principal components analysis to account for differences in sample size. We aggregated the basal area and abundance across demographic groups to identify successional shifts in demographic strategies over the entire successional gradient from very young (<5 years) to old‐growth forests.ResultsAcross all forests, we found two demographic trade‐offs, namely the growth–survival trade‐off and the stature–recruitment trade‐off, enabling the data‐driven assignment of species to five demographic strategies. Fast species dominated early in succession and were then replaced by long‐lived pioneers in three forests. Intermediate and slow species increased in basal area over succession in all forests, but, in contrast to the current conceptual model, long‐lived pioneers continued to dominate until the old‐growth stage in all forests. The basal area of short‐lived breeders was low across all successional stages.Main conclusionsThe current conceptual model of Neotropical forest succession should be revised to incorporate the dominance of long‐lived pioneers in late‐successional and old‐growth forests. Moreover, the definition of consistent demographic strategies that show clear dominance shifts across succession substantially improves the mechanistic understanding and predictability of Neotropical forest succession.
How do Japanese and Chinese view each other? Understanding the meaning of low‐context culture in intercultural communication
Authors: Wu Changyi , Yama Hiroshi , Zakaria Norhayati 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough Easterners are assumed to have a high‐context culture, Yamashina found that Japanese believe the Chinese to engage in a low‐context cultural communication style. We interpreted her results as follows: the Chinese whom Japanese know are likely to engage in intercultural communication that is used in low‐context cultural situations (code‐switching). To test this interpretation, we used a 17‐item online questionnaire on context dependency for participants (Japanese university students, Chinese university students, and Chinese international students living and studying in Japan) to score the self, average Japanese, and average Chinese. Hence, the design was 3 (culture) by 3 (object). The results showed that both Japanese and Chinese students rated people in their counterpart countries as having a low‐context communication style, supporting our interpretation. However, this effect was not evident among Chinese international students. These results confirmed that low‐context cultural situations may arise when people engage in intercultural communication.
Enhanced safety surveillance of GSK's quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in Germany and Spain (2021/2022 season) using an electronic patient‐reported outcome system for vaccine safety remote monitoring
Authors: Dos Santos Gaël , Eckermann Tamara , Martínez‐Gómez Xavier , Parra Jose , Nwoji Ugo , Salamanca de la Cueva Ignacio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal influenza epidemics are managed through vaccination each winter in the European Union, to prevent infections, complications, and deaths. As circulating virus strains vary unpredictably, vaccines are reformulated annually, and their safety monitored rapidly and continuously at the start of each season, following European Medicines Agency guidelines.Seasonal influenza epidemics are managed through vaccination each winter in the European Union, to prevent infections, complications, and deaths. As circulating virus strains vary unpredictably, vaccines are reformulated annually, and their safety monitored rapidly and continuously at the start of each season, following European Medicines Agency guidelines.MethodsThis enhanced safety surveillance study assessed pre‐specified and other adverse events (AEs) occurring within 7 days of GSK's inactivated quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (IIV4) in children and adults in Spain and Germany. As the study was conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2021/2022 season), data were collected electronically, using a web portal or call center.ResultsSafety was assessed in 737 participants (median age 49 and 9 years in Germany and Spain, respectively, 19.3% with a chronic medical condition). After Dose 1 and Dose 2, respectively, 332 (45.1%) and 5 (26.3%) participants reported at least one AE, primarily pre‐specified AEs. The most common AEs after Dose 1 (adults and children) were injection site pain, swelling or erythema, headache, and fatigue. After Dose 2 (in children), the most common AEs were injection site pain, rhinorrhea, fatigue, and decreased appetite. No new or unexpected safety issues were identified.ConclusionThis study supports and confirms the safety profile of GSK's IIV4 in all age groups with a vaccine indication. The new electronic safety reporting method (with response rates of 75.4% following Dose 1 and 100% following Dose 2) provides an alternative for future studies to reduce the burden on sites or in case site visits are not feasible.
Exaptation and vulnerability to introduced mammal herbivores on Balearic endemic flora
Authors: Capó Miquel , Pérez‐Barrales Rocío , Cursach Joana , Garrido Jaume , Baraza Elena , Rita Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimIntroduced mammal herbivores are predicted to negatively affect insular flora. However, disentangling which particular traits (1) developed from exaptations and (2) are functional to avoid herbivory remains mainly unknown. This study aims to assess if the flora of continental islands with historic native herbivores are exapted to the introduction of new mammal herbivores and to predict the potential vulnerability of endemic species from islands where mammal herbivores have not been introduced.LocationBalearic Islands.Taxon96 Balearic endemic plant species.MethodsWe investigated whether the endemic flora on continental islands maintains functional traits that resist introduced mammal herbivores by analysing the chemical and morphological traits related to plant resistance of five individuals for each of 98 species. Also, we measured plant‐size variables to assess plant escape strategies. Overall, we combined these traits with the accessibility to goats. Predictive models were generated for species that inhabit islands where goats have not been introduced to assess their potential vulnerability.ResultsEndemic species may defend against new herbivores (e.g. goats) if they contain highly toxic compounds (alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins), spinescent and urticating structures, or specific plant architecture (low plant size, high specific leaf area). If such traits are absent, the species may become extinct—unless they inhabit areas inaccessible to goats. On continental islands, some endemic species are expected to resist the introduction of herbivores, while others may be significantly affected.Main ConclusionsFrom the ancient connection with the mainland, exaptations may allow the plants to resist the presence of introduced herbivores. However, non‐exapted species could be threatened by the introduction of non‐native ungulates.
Differential changes in cyclic adenosine 3′‐5′ monophosphate (cAMP) effectors and major Ca2+ handling proteins during diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chaoul Victoria , Hanna Rita , Hachem Pia , El Hayek Magali Samia , Nour‐Eldine Wared , Abou‐Khalil Pamela , Abi‐Ramia Elias , Vandecasteele Grégoire , Abi‐Gerges Aniella 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with differential and time‐specific regulation of β‐adrenergic receptors and cardiac cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases with consequences for total cyclic adenosine 3′‐5′ monophosphate (cAMP) levels. We aimed to investigate whether these changes are associated with downstream impairments in cAMP and Ca2+ signalling in a type 1 diabetes (T1D)‐induced DCM model. T1D was induced in adult male rats by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) injection. DCM was assessed by cardiac structural and molecular remodelling. We delineated sequential changes affecting the exchange protein (Epac1/2), cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca2+/Calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks following diabetes, by real‐time quantitative PCR and western blot. Expression of Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA2a), phospholamban (PLB) and Troponin I (TnI) was also examined. Early upregulation of Epac1 transcripts was noted in diabetic hearts at Week 4, followed by increases in Epac2 mRNA, but not protein levels, at Week 12. Expression of PKA subunits (RI, RIIα and Cα) remained unchanged regardless of the disease stage, whereas CaMKII increased at Week 12 in DCM. Moreover, PLB transcripts were upregulated in diabetic hearts, whereas SERCA2a and TnI gene expression was unchanged irrespective of the disease evolution. PLB phosphorylation at threonine‐17 was increased in DCM, whereas phosphorylation of both PLB at serine‐16 and TnI at serine‐23/24 was unchanged. We show for the first time differential and time‐specific regulations in cardiac cAMP effectors and Ca2+ handling proteins, data that may prove useful in proposing new therapeutic approaches in T1D‐induced DCM.
Fundamental Change Beneath the Surface: The Supranationalisation of Rule of Law Protection in the European Union
Authors: Priebus Sonja , Anders Lisa H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhereas most studies on the European Union's (EU) responses to the rule of law crisis stress the underenforcement of EU law, this article offers a different perspective. Focusing on the long‐term dynamics concerning rule of law protection, we detect a gradual trend towards supranationalism. The Rule of Law Conditionality mechanism adopted in 2020 is the first instance of ‘effective supranationalism’, that is, a rule of law tool that combines supranational decision‐making procedures with binding and enforceable consequences. To explain this development in an area that has been marked by considerable resistance to efforts to strengthen supranational oversight, we draw on the agent‐centric historical institutionalist approach. Our qualitative study shows that supranationalisation has become possible through two interrelated factors: the joint strategies of community bodies, which have promoted competence transfer to the EU level, and the increasing marginalisation of sovereigntist positions within the Council, given the escalating conflicts with Hungary and Poland.
Through the eDNA looking glass: Responses of fjord benthic foraminiferal communities to contrasting environmental conditions
Authors: Brinkmann Inda , Schweizer Magali , Singer David , Quinchard Sophie , Barras Christine , Bernhard Joan M. , Filipsson Helena L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe health of coastal marine environments is severely declining with global changes. Proxies, such as those based on microeukaryote communities, can record biodiversity and ecosystem responses. However, conventional studies rely on microscopic observations of limited taxonomic range and size fraction, missing putatively ecologically informative community components. Here, we tested molecular tools to survey foraminiferal biodiversity in a fjord system (Sweden) on spatial and temporal scales: Alpha and beta diversity responses to natural and anthropogenic environmental trends were assessed and variability of foraminiferal environmental DNA (eDNA) compared to morphology‐based data. The identification of eDNA‐obtained taxonomic units was aided by single‐cell barcoding. Our study revealed wide diversity, including typical morphospecies recognized in the fjords, and so‐far unrecognized taxa. DNA extraction method impacted community composition outputs significantly. DNA extractions of 10 g sediment more reliably represented present diversity than of 0.5‐g samples and, thus, are preferred for environmental assessments in this region. Alpha‐ and beta diversity of 10‐g extracts correlated with bottom‐water salinity similar to morpho‐assemblage diversity changes. Sub‐annual environmental variability resolved only partially, indicating damped sensitivity of foraminiferal communities on short timescales using established metabarcoding techniques. Systematically addressing the current limitations of morphology‐based and metabarcoding studies may strongly improve future biodiversity and environmental assessments.
Inactivation effect and action mode of ohmic heating on Staphylococcus aureus in phosphate‐buffered saline
Authors: Shao Lele , Zou Bo , Zhao Yijie , Sun Yingying , Li Xingmin , Dai Ruitong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOhmic heating (OH) is an alternative thermal processing technique, which shows large potential application in pasteurization. Inactivation effect and sublethal injury of OH on Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in this study. Meanwhile, membrane potential and integrity, bacterial morphology and the leakage of nucleic acid, protein and ions were also measured to elucidate the action mode of OH. When heated to 50°C, OH treatment showed higher injury ratio than water bath (WB) treatment. Meanwhile, greater loss of cellular content, larger reduction of membrane potential, and severer damage to cell morphology and membrane integrity were observed in OH‐treated S. aureus than that of WB. When heated to 61.5°C, there was no significant difference between OH‐ and WB‐treated S. aureus. Results indicated that OH caused more sublethal injury and server damage to S. aureus than that of WB when heated to a lower temperature (50°C).
Hospice agency characteristics associated with benzodiazepine and antipsychotic prescribing
Authors: Gerlach Lauren B. , Zhang Lan , Strominger Julie , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Teno Joan , Bynum Julie P. W. , Maust Donovan T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBenzodiazepine and antipsychotic medications are routinely prescribed for symptom management in hospice patients, but have significant risks for older adults. We explored the extent to which patient and hospice agency characteristics are associated with variations in their prescribing.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of hospice‐enrolled Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years in 2017 (N = 1,393,622 in 4219 hospice agencies). The main outcome was the hospice agency‐level rate of enrollees with benzodiazepine and antipsychotic prescription fills divided into quintiles. Rate ratios were used to compare the agencies with the highest and lowest prescription across patient and agency characteristics.ResultsIn 2017, hospice agency prescribing rates varied widely: for benzodiazepines, from a median of 11.9% (IQR 5.9,22.2) in the lowest‐prescribing quintile to 80.0% (IQR 76.9,84.2) in the highest‐prescribing quintile; for antipsychotics, it ranged from 5.5% (IQR 2.9,7.7) in the lowest to 63.9% (IQR 56.1,72.0) in the highest. Among the highest benzodiazepine‐ and antipsychotic‐ prescribing hospice agencies, there was a smaller proportion of patients from minoritized populations (benzodiazepine: non‐Hispanic Black rate ratio [RR] [Q5/Q1] 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.7, Hispanic RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.5; antipsychotic: non‐Hispanic Black RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.8, Hispanic RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.5). A greater proportion of rural beneficiaries were in the highest benzodiazepine‐prescribing quintile (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4), whereas this relationship was not present for antipsychotics. Larger hospice agencies were over‐represented in the highest prescribing quintile for both benzodiazepines (RR 2.6, 95% CI 2.5–2.7) and antipsychotics (RR 2.7, 95% CI 2.6–2.8), as were for‐profit agencies (benzodiazepine: RR 2.4, 95% CI 2.3–2.4; antipsychotic: RR 2.3, 95% CI 2.2–2.4). Prescribing rates varied widely across Census regions.ConclusionsPrescribing in hospice settings varies markedly across factors other than the clinical characteristics of enrolled patients.
The Relationship Between First‐Grade Psychosocial Functioning and Educational Outcomes through Eighth Grade in a Large Sample of Chilean Youth
Authors: Farley Alyssa M. , Canenguez Katia M. , Squicciarini Ana María , Dutta Anamika , Green Jennifer Greif , Benheim Talia S. , Jellinek Michael , Murphy J. Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between early childhood psychosocial problems and poorer educational outcomes is well‐documented, but the extent to which this association persists is less understood. The current study assessed the correlations between first‐grade psychosocial functioning and educational outcomes through eighth grade in a large longitudinal sample of Chilean students.MethodsThe Pediatric Symptom Checklist‐Chilean (PSC‐CL) and Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation Re‐Revised (TOCA‐RR) assessed psychosocial functioning for 9736 students who were screened four times from first through eighth grade through the Skills for Life program. Adjusted linear mixed effects models assessed the association between first grade PSC‐CL and TOCA‐RR risk and third, sixth, and eighth grade GPA and school attendance.ResultsFirst‐grade PSC‐CL and TOCA‐RR risk both significantly predicted lower third, sixth, and eighth grade GPAs; all p < .001. The relationships between first‐grade psychosocial functioning and later school attendance rates were less consistent but still significant at certain time points.ConclusionsFirst‐grade psychosocial risk was persistently associated with lower academic performance in a longitudinal sample of Chilean students followed through elementary and middle school.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityEarly school‐based psychosocial screening and follow‐up interventions have the potential to improve students' long‐term educational outcomes.