bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamics of coronary arteries with implanted stents: Effects of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian blood flows
Authors: Ahadi Fatemeh , Biglari Mojtaba , Azadi Mohammad , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study introduces and compares computational fluid dynamics of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian blood flows in coronary arteries, with and without considering stents. Three blood flow models, including Newtonian, Carreau, and non‐Newtonian power‐law models, were simulated to investigate their effect, and the solution algorithm includes drawing the geometry, creating the desired mesh, and then simulating Newtonian and non‐Newtonian blood flow different models and comparing them with each other, is presented in the article. A Newtonian fluid model has been commonly used in the simulation of blood flow, whereas blood has non‐Newtonian properties due to the nature of a solution containing suspended particles. The goal of this research is to investigate the differences between the models built with Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluid assumptions. In addition, a stent was designed and the effect of the stent on blood flow parameters was investigated for all three flow models, including Newtonian, Carreau, and non‐Newtonian power‐law models. Stents are medical devices that can be placed in arteries to open up blood flow in a blocked vessel. Stents can affect the wall shear stress. Knowing the slight deformation of the shear stress makes the importance of stent implantation and also helps to optimize the design of the intravascular stent, which can affect the occlusion of the vessels. The distribution of the velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress in all blood flow models with and without considering the effect of stents have been investigated and finally compared. Therefore, in general, the innovation of this article is to find the effect of implanted stents on blood flow parameters with different blood flow models, both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian. A comparison of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian flows showed that in the case of the Carreau non‐Newtonian model, the wall shear stress was higher. In addition, in the results of the geometric model with a stent effect compared to the geometric model without a stent effect, it is evident that there was a higher velocity and wall shear stress.
Remote detection of upland surface water storage capacity in deglaciated terrain
Authors: Van Dam Bea E. , Smith Sean M. C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA notable characteristic of terrain in non‐urbanized deglaciated areas of northeastern North America is the microtopography created by processes related to surficial geology, deglaciation and mechanical disturbances to surface materials from excavating events, most of which are caused by tree throw in the modern landscape. The features are often on the scale of 1–4 m across and decimetres to a metre in depth, appearing as ‘puddles’ during intense or high‐magnitude precipitation events. Generalized storage capacity values have been summarized in textbooks for varied landscape conditions, but surprisingly little information is available about how microtopography and related surface water storage varies in dominant physiographic settings in deglaciated landscapes defined by slope, surficial geology and land cover conditions. The increasing availability of elevation data at a horizontal resolution of 2 m or higher has made it possible to remotely evaluate differences in terrain elevation and quantify upland surface water storage capacity from relatively small topographic depressions. Here, we describe and quantify these topographic features in several coastal and inland watersheds in the state of Maine (USA) with measurements of depression volume calculated from digital elevation models (DEMs) using a pit filling approach. Results show that microtopographic storage capacity varies with slope and land cover conditions in deglaciated terrain of northeastern North America. Basin‐average surface water depression storage capacity estimates range from ~4 mm to as low as 0.2 mm. Human interventions such as clearing land for agriculture are associated with lower microtopographic surface water storage capacity than forested landscapes in the region.
Examining the fire risk in London dwellings using the London Fire Brigade Incident database
Authors: Bonner Matthew , Caracci Leonardo , Rein Guillermo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnalysis of the Fire Brigade's database of fires in London between 2009 and 2020 provided insight into the level of fire safety in the city and how it varies across different types of dwellings and different levels of protection. Regarding the number of fires, fatalities, and injuries, fire safety in London has significantly improved on average over these years. However, average trends cannot analyze catastrophic fires with multiple fatalities, like at Grenfell Tower in 2017, as these events are too rare to form a suitable sample size. Dwelling fires are the most lethal in London: despite accounting for only 28% of fires, they lead to 87% of fatalities and 83% of injuries. The odds of a dwelling fire becoming fatal in London fell from 1 in 174 in 2009 to 1 in 208 in 2019, a decrease of 16%. The total number of fires has decreased over this period, and the number of fires where an alarm was raised has increased, suggesting that the prevention and detection layers of fire safety have improved, while our analysis suggests that the level of protection from the compartmentation and evacuation layers has remained constant over time. An analysis of the different layers of fire protection suggests that compartmentation was the most impactful layer, with a failure in compartmentation increasing the odds of a fire being fatal by 1.5 to 5 times. Overall, this analysis shows that the fire hazard to Londoners in general is low and the lowest since 2009; however, there is still a threat that should not be understated.
An adaptive, training‐free reduced‐order model for convection‐dominated problems based on hybrid snapshots
Authors: Zucatti Victor , Zahr Matthew J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe vast majority of reduced‐order models (ROMs) first obtain a low dimensional representation of the problem from high‐dimensional model (HDM) training data which is afterwards used to obtain a system of reduced complexity. Unfortunately, convection‐dominated problems generally have a slowly decaying Kolmogorov ‐width, which makes obtaining an accurate ROM built solely from training data very challenging. The accuracy of a ROM can be improved through enrichment with HDM solutions; however, due to the large computational expense of HDM evaluations for complex problems, they can only be used parsimoniously to obtain relevant computational savings. In this work, we exploit the local spatial coherence often exhibited by these problems to derive an accurate, cost‐efficient approach that repeatedly combines HDM and ROM evaluations without a separate training phase. Our approach obtains solutions at a given time step by either fully solving the HDM or by combining partial HDM and ROM solves. A dynamic sampling procedure identifies regions that require the HDM solution for global accuracy and the reminder of the flow is reconstructed using the ROM. Moreover, solutions combining both HDM and ROM solves use spatial filtering to eliminate potential spurious oscillations that may develop. We test the proposed method on inviscid compressible flow problems and demonstrate speedups up to a factor of five.
Purification and characterization of a novel immunoregulatory peptide from Sipunculus nudus L. protein
Authors: Lin Haisheng , Li Wan , Sun Ruikun , Xu Cheng , Zhang Chaohua , Gao Jialong , Cao Wenhong , Qin Xiaoming , Zhong Saiyi , Chen Yibin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to purify and characterize immunoregulatory peptides from Sipunculus nudus L. and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) were used to purify the peptide following enzymatic hydrolysis. Rates of lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis as well as nitric oxide (NO) production levels were used as indicators of immunoregulatory activity to screen the fractions. The amino acid sequence of the peptide, designated as SNLP, was identified as Arg–Val–Lys–Gly–Lys–Ile–Leu–Ala–Lys–Arg–Leu–Asn (RVKGKILAKRLN) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Treatment with the synthetic SNLP increased the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophages and promoted the secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐ɑ (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and NO levels. The mRNA levels of these cytokines and iNOS were also increased by SNLP. Our results provide preliminary evidence suggesting that SNLP acts as a dual immunomodulatory peptide with immunostimulatory and anti‐inflammatory activities. In summary, SNLP derived from Sipunculus nudus L. is a potent immunoregulatory peptide and represents a potential functional food or immunoregulatory drug.
The effect of quercetin supplementation on clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ziaei Somayeh , Alimohammadi‐Kamalabadi Malek , Hasani Motahareh , Malekahmadi Mahsa , Persad Emma , Heshmati Javad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) affects both the respiratory system and the body as a whole. Natural molecules, such as flavonoid quercetin, as potential treatment methods to help patients combat COVID‐19. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to give a comprehensive overview of the impact of quercetin supplementation on inflammatory factors, hospital admission, and mortality of patients with COVID‐19. The search has been conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library using relevant keywords until August 25, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing COVID‐19 patients who received quercetin supplementation versus controls. We included five studies summarizing the evidence in 544 patients. Meta‐analysis showed that quercetin administration significantly reduced LDH activity (standard mean difference (SMD): −0.42, 95% CI: −0.82, −0.02, I2 = 48.86%), decreased the risk of hospital admission by 70% (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.62, I2 = 00.00%), ICU admission by 73% (RR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.78, I2 = 20.66%), and mortality by 82% (RR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.98, I2 = 00.00%). No significant changes in CRP, D‐dimmer, and ferritin were found between groups. Quercetin was found to significantly reduce LDH levels and decrease the risk of hospital and ICU admission and mortality in patients with COVID‐19 infection.
Increased microglia activation in late non‐central nervous system cancer survivors links to chronic systemic symptomatology
Authors: Schoenberg Poppy L. A. , Song Alexander K. , Mohr Emily M. , Rogers Baxter P. , Peterson Todd E. , Murphy Barbara A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProlonged inflammatory expression within the central nervous system (CNS) is recognized by the brain as a molecular signal of “sickness”, that has knock‐on effects to the blood–brain barrier, brain‐spinal barrier, blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier, neuro‐axonal structures, neurotransmitter activity, synaptic plasticity, neuroendocrine function, and resultant systemic symptomatology. It is concurred that the inflammatory process associated with cancer and cancer treatments underline systemic symptoms present in a large portion of survivors, although this concept is largely theoretical from disparate and indirect evidence and/or clinical anecdotal reports. We conducted a proof‐of‐concept study to link for the first time late non‐CNS cancer survivors presenting chronic systemic symptoms and the presence of centralized inflammation, or neuroinflammation, using TSPO‐binding PET tracer [11C]‐PBR28 to visualize microglial activation. We compared PBR28 SUVR in 10 non‐CNS cancer survivors and 10 matched healthy controls. Our data revealed (1) microglial activation was significantly higher in caudate, temporal, and occipital regions in late non‐central nervous system/CNS cancer survivors compared to healthy controls; (2) increased neuroinflammation in cancer survivors was not accompanied by significant differences in plasma cytokine markers of peripheral inflammation; (3) increased neuroinflammation was not accompanied by reduced fractional anisotropy, suggesting intact white matter microstructural integrity, a marker of neurovascular fiber tract organization; and (4) the presentation of chronic systemic symptoms in cancer survivors was significantly connected with microglial activation. We present the first data empirically supporting the concept of a peripheral‐to‐centralized inflammatory response in non‐CNS cancer survivors, specifically those previously afflicted with head and neck cancer. Following resolution of the initial peripheral inflammation from the cancer/its treatments, in some cases damage/toxification to the central nervous system occurs, ensuing chronic systemic symptoms.
Broad subcutaneous emphysema with airway obstruction during robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ono Akihiro , Nakamura Masaki , Hayashi Tomoe , Tsuru Ibuki , Izumi Taro , Kusakabe Masashi , Nakao Kazunari , Kashiwagi Masanori , Kume Haruki , Shiga Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionSubcutaneous emphysema is a relatively common complication in laparoscopic surgery. However, airway obstruction secondary to subcutaneous emphysema is rare.Case presentationA 63‐year‐old woman with a 56‐mm left renal tumor underwent a robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy. The operative time was 155 min, the insufflation time was 108 min, and the estimated blood loss was 70 mL. The pneumoperitoneum pressure was maintained at 12 mmHg, except at 15 mmHg for 19 min during tumor resection. The end‐tidal CO2 was <47 mmHg throughout the procedure. Postoperatively, broad subcutaneous emphysema from the thigh to the eyelid was observed. Computed tomography revealed airway obstruction, and extubation was aborted. On postoperative day 1, emphysema around the trachea and neck improved and the intubation tube was successfully removed.ConclusionBoth laryngeal emphysema and physical compression secondary to emphysema can cause airway obstruction. To reduce gas‐related complications, the risk of developing subcutaneous emphysema should be properly assessed during robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery.
Determinants influencing SMEs in E‐commerce adoption through local government facilities in Indonesia: Mixed methods approach
Authors: Harmawan Bagus Nuari , Ridho Wahyu Fahrul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe entry of SMEs into the E‐Commerce network is influenced by various variables that can affect success in the business world. This study examines the determinant factors contributing to SMEs competing in the world of E‐Commerce. In addition, this study also examines several factors that can influence SMEs in entering digital market networks. This research uses a mixed method with an explanatory design approach. For the first stage, this study was analyzed using a quantitative approach by surveying 56 SMEs members of the Banyuwangi-mall.com E‐Commerce in Banyuwangi City, East Java Province, Indonesia. Quantitative data analysis was carried out by utilizing the Smart PLS 4 application. Furthermore, to carry out a more in‐depth analysis, a qualitative stage was carried out by conducting semi‐structured interviews with 13 SMEs owners who are members of Banyuwangi-mall.com E‐Commerce marketing. The study results show that the factors influencing SMEs to enter e‐commerce networks are regulatory support, competitor pressure, and the stability of information technology infrastructure. In contrast, the characteristics of the supporters/leaders and budget variables negatively influence the characteristics. The negative relationship between leader characteristics is caused by two things: the dominance of the role of creative houses and the lack of orders received by SMEs on the Banyuwangi-mall.com website. As for the budget aspect, the absence of a particular budget for SME activities in Banyuwangi-mall.com online marketing is the reason for needing a positive influence.
Do P‐glycoprotein Medications Alter the Risk of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Adults with Hydrocephalus?
Authors: Grullon Jason R. , Koutsouras George W. , Onwumere Nneka F. , Lehmann David F. , Krishnamurthy Satish 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrocephalus is a disorder caused by excess fluid accumulation in the brain and results in brain damage with consequent cognitive and physical problems. This condition has no cure; the only treatment is brain surgery. Experimental data indicate that P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus due to its function in clearing macromolecules from the brain. Numerous medications frequently used are classified as P‐gp inducers or inhibitors, and comprehending their effects may aid in attaining improved patient outcomes. Therefore, in this single‐center retrospective study, we examined the risk of the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement over 10 years among 4588 adult patients with hydrocephalus not exposed to any P‐gp inhibitors/inducers or exclusively exposed to either P‐gp inhibitors or inducers. Our analysis shows that patients exposed to P‐gp inhibitors had a 3.2 times higher risk of requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery (P < .0001). In contrast, the relative risk was not significantly affected (P = .07) among those exposed to P‐gp inducers. Our findings indicate the need for caution when prescribing P‐gp inhibitors to patients with hydrocephalus. Additional studies using larger cohorts are required to confirm whether P‐gp inducers in patients with hydrocephalus can mitigate the risk of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Stimulus control of a social operant
Authors: Lattal Kennon A. , Okouchi Hiroto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThree pigeon dyads were exposed to a two‐component multiple schedule comprised of two tandem variable‐interval 30‐s interresponse time (IRT) > 3‐s schedules in the presence of different stimuli. Pecks to keys by both pigeons of a dyad occurring within 500 ms of one another were required for reinforcement under one tandem schedule (the coordination component), and such coordinated responses were not required under the other (the control component). The terminal link of each schedule ensured that the reinforced coordination response was an IRT > 3 s. Rates of coordinated IRTs > 3 s and total rates of coordinated responses (composed of IRTs > 3 s and IRTs ≤ 3 s) were higher in the coordination components than in either of two different control components in which coordination was not required for reinforcement. This difference in coordinated responses in the presence and absence of the coordination requirement under stimulus control transitorily deteriorated and then was reestablished when the relation between the stimulus and the coordination contingency or its absence was reversed. The results show coordinated responding to function as a discriminated social operant.
Accuracy and precision of fixed and random effects in meta‐analyses of randomized control trials for continuous outcomes
Authors: Gnambs Timo , Schroeders Ulrich 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeta‐analyses of treatment effects in randomized control trials are often faced with the problem of missing information required to calculate effect sizes and their sampling variances. Particularly, correlations between pre‐ and posttest scores are frequently not available. As an ad‐hoc solution, researchers impute a constant value for the missing correlation. As an alternative, we propose adopting a multivariate meta‐regression approach that models independent group effect sizes and accounts for the dependency structure using robust variance estimation or three‐level modeling. A comprehensive simulation study mimicking realistic conditions of meta‐analyses in clinical and educational psychology suggested that imputing a fixed correlation 0.8 or adopting a multivariate meta‐regression with robust variance estimation work well for estimating the pooled effect but lead to slightly distorted between‐study heterogeneity estimates. In contrast, three‐level meta‐regressions resulted in largely unbiased fixed effects but more inconsistent prediction intervals. Based on these results recommendations for meta‐analytic practice and future meta‐analytic developments are provided.
The Application of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Non‐Cough Laryngeal Hypersensitivity
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Quinton Brooke A. , Tierney William S. , Gau Victoria L. , Nelson Rebecca C. , Hrelec Candace M. , Bryson Paul C. 
Published: September 2023

Objective(s)To investigate the effect of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block in patients with non‐cough complaints relating to laryngeal who have failed conventional medical therapy.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 46 patients who underwent SLN block for non‐cough indications between July 2019 and March 2022 was performed. Demographics, comorbidities, and patient‐reported outcomes were collected. The primary diagnoses for this group included: odynophagia, throat pain, cervicalgia, muscle tension dysphonia, globus sensation, hyoid bone syndrome, and Eagle syndrome.ResultsThe cohort underwent an average of 1.24 bilateral injections (range 0–7) and 0.87 unilateral injections (range 0–4). About 35 of 46 patients reported an average of 51.0% improvement in their symptoms, with the treatment effect lasting 7.60 weeks on average. On subgroup analysis, the patients with spasmodic dysphonia, odynophagia, and hyoid bone syndrome had the best percent improvement on average (75%–77.5%). Patients with globus sensation had the lowest percent improvement on average in response to this therapy, reporting only about 25%. Five patients experienced a mild adverse reaction immediately following injection which resolved spontaneously.ConclusionThe use of in‐office SLN block for non‐cough disorders involving the larynx requires further study with larger sample sizes to better delineate the efficacy of these applications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:1765–1768, 2024
Can ChatGPT be an author? A study of artificial intelligence authorship policies in top academic journals
Authors: Lund Brady D. , Naheem K.T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcademic publishers have quickly responded to the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) tools on authorship and academic integrity. However, there remains a lack of understanding about AI authorship policies and the attitude of academic journals towards these tools. This study aims to address this gap by examining the AI authorship policies of 300 top academic journals during the period of late‐spring 2023. Over half of the journals examined have an AI authorship policy and guidelines for acknowledging AI usage in manuscript preparation. These acknowledgments are typically made in the methods or acknowledgement sections, although some journals have introduced a new, special section on AI usage. The study also found that AI authorship policies may differ depending on the publisher and discipline of the journal. Many publishers have adopted uniform AI authorship policies that are implemented across all journals that they publish. These results are useful for publishers, editors, and researchers who want to learn more about how academic journals are dealing with the emergence of large language models and other AI tools in scholarly communications.