bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Applications Based on WISE Infrared Data: Classification of Stars, Galaxies and Quasars
Authors: Zhao Guiyu , Qiu Bo , Luo A-Li , Guo Xiaoyu , Yao Lin , Wang Kun , Liu Yuanbo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) has detected hundreds of millions of sources over the entire sky. However, classifying them reliably is a great challenge due to degeneracies in WISE multicolor space and low detection levels in its two longest-wavelength bandpasses. In this paper, the deep learning classification network, IICnet (Infrared Image Classification network), is designed to classify sources from WISE images to achieve a more accurate classification goal. IICnet shows good ability on the feature extraction of the WISE sources. Experiments demonstrate that the classification results of IICnet are superior to some other methods; it has obtained 96.2% accuracy for galaxies, 97.9% accuracy for quasars, and 96.4% accuracy for stars, and the Area Under Curve of the IICnet classifier can reach more than 99%. In addition, the superiority of IICnet in processing infrared images has been demonstrated in the comparisons with VGG16, GoogleNet, ResNet34, MobileNet, EfficientNetV2, and RepVGG-fewer parameters and faster inference. The above proves that IICnet is an effective method to classify infrared sources.
Theoretical Analysis of Random Scattering Induced by Microlensing
Authors: Zheng Wenwen , Chen Hou-Zun , Chen Xuechun , Li Guoliang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Theoretical investigations into the deflection angle caused by microlenses offer a direct path to uncovering principles of the cosmological microlensing effect. This work specifically concentrates on the the probability density function (PDF) of the light deflection angle induced by microlenses. We have made several significant improvements to the widely used formula from Katz et al. First, we update the coefficient from 3.05 to 1.454, resulting in a better fit between the theoretical PDF and our simulation results. Second, we developed an elegant fitting formula for the PDF that can replace its integral representation within a certain accuracy, which is numerically divergent unless arbitrary upper limits are chosen. Third, to facilitate further theoretical work in this area, we have identified a more suitable Gaussian approximation for the fitting formula.
N ≥ 2 particles in the framework of TeVeS
Authors: Horwitz L.P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
About 40 years ago, since no viable candidate for “dark matter” was discovered, M. Milgrom and J.Bekenstein introduced a non-covariant modification of gravitational theory (MOND) to account for the anomalous rotation curves of galaxies. Bekenstein and Sanders then developed a relativistically covariant form of the theory, called TeVeS, involving scalar and tensor fields, which accounts well for the rotation curves as well for the observed lensing of background radiation around galaxies without the introduction of “dark matter”. The dynamical behavior of a particle in such a gravitational theory has been recently discussed by Horwitz, Gershon and Schiffer. In this paper we study the dynamics of the N ≥ 2 particle problem in the framework of the TeVeS theory.
Parametrized Relativistic Quantum Theory in Curved Spacetime
Authors: Fanchi John R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a parametrized relativistic quantum theory (pRQT) in curved spacetime. The formulation of pRQT in curved spacetime is developed and applied to free particle motion in flat and curved spacetime. It provides a theory for calculating probability amplitudes in curved spacetime. Unlike other formulations of parametrized relativistic dynamics (pRD), this work assumes that the metric tensor does not depend on the invariant evolution parameter.
A vielbein formalism for SHP general relativity
Authors: Land Martin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The 4+1 formalism in general relativity expresses the Einstein equations as a manifestly covariant initial value problem, resulting in a pair of first order evolution equations for the metric γμv
and intrinsic curvature Kμv
of spacetime geometry (μ, v = 0, 1, 2, 3). This approach extends the Stueckelberg-Horwitz-Piron (SHP) framework, a covariant approach to canonical particle mechanics and field theory employing a Lorentz scalar Hamiltonian K and an external chronological parameter τ. The SHP Hamiltonian generates τ-evolution of spacetime events xμ
(τ) or ψ (x, τ) in an a priori unconstrained phase space; standard relativistic dynamics can be recovered a posteriori by imposing symmetries that express the usual mass shell constraint for individual particles and fields as conservation laws. As a guide to posing field equations for the evolving metric, we generalize the structure of SHP electrodynamics, with particular attention to O(3,1) covariance. Thus, the 4+1 method first defines a 5D pseudo-spacetime as a direct product of spacetime geometry and chronological evolution, poses 5D field equations whose symmetry must be broken to 4D, and then implements the implied 4+1 foliation to obtain evolution equations. In this paper, we sharpen and clarify the interpretation of this decomposition by introducing a fixed orthonormal quintrad frame and a 5D vielbein field that by construction respects the preferred 4+1 foliation. We show that for any diagonal metric, this procedure enables the evolution equation for the metric to be replaced by an evolution equation for the vielbein field itself, simplifying calculation of the spin connection and curvature.
Mechanics of Spacetime with Surface Tension and Preferred Curvature
Authors: Perko H A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In previous publications, it was argued that because energy and matter are aligned in the thin increment of present time for an observer, spacetime should and must have surface tension. In this paper, we review how to apply 4-dimensional continuum mechanics with imaginary time coordinates to derive a mechanical model of spacetime with surface tension. Then, to continue model development, we discuss the concept of preferred curvature from the physical chemistry of surfaces and attempt to apply those concepts to spacetime geometry. We show how the model exhibits quantum fluctuations at the Plank scale and components resembling dark matter and dark energy at the cosmic scale.
Time measurement with accelerating light-clocks
Authors: Ben-Ya’acov Uri 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The clock hypothesis in relativity states that the rate of time as measured by any clock is determined by its Minkowskian proper-time, regardless of the nature of its motion; in particular independent of its acceleration, depending only on its instantaneous velocity. However, a unique proper-time may be assigned to an accelerating clock, as to any physical system, only in the limit of being point-like. But clocks, by their very nature, must be spatially extended systems, to allow an internal periodical mechanism. Therefore the question, How does the internal structure of the clock affect the clock hypothesis?
The simplest model to examine the clock hypothesis is the so-called ‘light clock’, consisting of two mirrors with a light signal reflected between them. So far, such examinations were carried out mainly in the limits of point-like clocks and/or constant acceleration. Here the clock hypothesis is theoretically examined for spatially extended linearly accelerated light-clocks, parallel and vertical relative to the direction of motion, with arbitrarily varying accelerations. Using the rapidity of the clock as its evolution parameter, a Lorentz covariant analysis is neatly performed. Taking into account the spatial extension of the clock, differences between externally measured Minkowskian proper-times and the time-scale determined by the internal periodical mechanism of the clock are computed.
Although these differences are practically very minute – of order aL/c
2 for characteristic acceleration a and spatial dimension L of the clock – theoretically they cannot be ignored. They indicate inherent inconsistency between the externally measured proper-time – the physical time-line which consists of moments-of-time – and the intrinsically defined age – the internal time-line, consisting of durations, intervals-of-time.
The Proton and Occam’s Razor
Authors: Vassallo Giorgio , Kovacs Andras 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOtto Stern’s 1933 measurement of the unexpectedly large proton magnetic moment indicated to most physicists that the proton is not a point particle. At that time, many physicists modeled elementary particles as point particles, and therefore Stern’s discovery initiated the speculation that the proton might be a composite particle. In this work, we show that despite being an elementary particle, the proton is an extended particle. Our work is motivated by the experimental data, which we review in section 1.By applying Occam’s Razor principle, we identify a simple proton structure that explains the origin of its principal parameters. Our model uses only relativistic and electromagnetic concepts, highlighting the primary role of the electromagnetic potentials and of the magnetic flux quantum ΦM=h/e. Unlike prior proton models, our methodology does not violate Maxwell’s equation, Noether’s theorem, or the Pauli exclusion principle.Considering that the proton has an anapole (toroidal) magnetic moment, we propose that the proton is a spherical shaped charge that moves at the speed of light along a path that encloses a toroidal volume. A magnetic flux quantum ΦM=h/estabilizes the proton’s charge trajectory. The two curvatures of the toroidal and poloidal current loops are determined by the magnetic forces associated with ΦM. We compare our calculations against experimental data.
Experimental analysis of energy production of a hybrid thermal-photovoltaic solar panel enhanced with phase-change material
Authors: Listarhov (Lixandru) A , Catalina T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the difference between 2 photovoltaic thermal panels (PV/T), panels with the same initial characteristics. During the experiment, in PV/T panel no. 1 we introduce 14 kg of RT 35 phase change material, material with a liquid density at 45°C of 0.77 kg/l. According to the technical sheet of the panel, PV/T volume no. 1 was occupied 50% with PCM RT 35. Panel no. 2 is a normal PV/T. Following measurements made with the data recorder BTM-4208 SD, a difference of 6°C results on the faces of the panels. The energy production for PV/T no. 1 with PCM RT35 is 10.046 kWh compared to PV/T panel no. 2 where the energy production is 8.443 kWh. Conclusion: the efficiency of the PV/T panel no. 1 with PCM RT 35 is better by 15.20% compared to panel no. 2 PV/T.
Establishing the energy content of natural gas residential consumption : example with Belgian field-test applications
Authors: Paulus N , Lemort V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the context of the much-needed energy transition, monitoring of residential energy appliances is more and more common in order to evaluate (and improve) their field-test performance in real applications. Many residential heating appliances use natural gas as energy source : residential gas boilers, gas engine heat pumps, gas absorption heat pumps; fuel cell-based cogeneration units, internal combustion engine cogeneration units, etc. Unfortunately, for simplicity and costs reasons, only the volume of the consumed natural is measured at the inlet of the monitored residential heating appliance. This volume, and the equivalent energy level that it contains and that is required for efficiency calculations, is affected by the atmospheric pressure and the temperature at the field-test site, as well as by the always varying natural gas composition. This paper demonstrates the method that has been used in Belgian field-test studies conducted on residential heating appliances to establish the energy content of the consumed natural gas.
Simplified test bench for experimental investigations of space heating appliances
Authors: Paulus N , Lemort V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The energy transition requires efficient space heating appliances. In that context, it is common that thermodynamics laboratories are asked to conduct experimental investigations on those appliances to establish or verify their performance. This paper aims to offer and report an example of a very simple test rig that allows for controlling both the space heating water flow rate and the space heating return temperature. Space heating depart temperature thus depends on those two controlled parameters as well as the heat transfer rate provided by the space heating appliance, based on its settings. The test rig described in this paper has been used to conduct experimental studies on residential Solid Oxide Fuel Cells used as micro-cogeneration units. It has the advantage of being reproductible or reused with other residential space heating appliances. It can easily be adapted for refrigeration appliances testing or even heat exchanger characterization Also, the test rig controlling the space heating flow rate and working temperature implies an approximative cost of only about 1 k€ (with 2021 hardware prices, without the space heating appliance to be tested).
Climate variability in the extra-Carpathian area of Romania in the context of climate change
Authors: Radu Maria-Alexandra , Bandoc Georgeta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze in 2012-2017 the evolution of climate trends and meteorological parameters with significant relevance in agriculture, from the perspective of the potential risk associated with climate change and the need to adapt to their effects. Agrometeorological monitoring of a crop area includes information on the assessment of biological conditions for plant growth and development, the duration of the growing season and the vulnerability of agricultural areas to water and heat stress, in order for beneficiaries to choose the most effective measures. to prevent and reduce the negative effects on crops. In order to identify some peculiarities, we analyzed the average monthly values of temperature and atmospheric precipitation at the 63 meteorological stations with agrometeorological program, in the extra-Carpathian area of Romania, from 2012-2017 and were compared with the data from the reference period 1981-2010. Also, the temperature and precipitation data were spatialized with the highlighting of the changes in the study area compared to the reference period. Based on the calculation and analysis of agrometeorological parameters of thermal and water stress, this paper presents the importance of knowing the evolution of meteorological conditions with significant impact on the agricultural sector.
Analysis on IMF Loan Conditions with more Detrimental Impact on the Economy: A Case Study of Nigeria
Authors: Shafiu R. M. , Salleh M. A. , Bala H. , Shafiu A. M. , Abdullahi Umar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Past studies have shown that nations that borrow money from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have greater rates of poverty, unemployment, and inflation than countries that do not borrow from the IMF. This is despite the fact that the IMF claims that fostering economic development is one of its objectives. The IMF loans conditions that are shown to have the most detrimental impact on economies are the subject of this study, which focused, specifically on Nigeria. In order to obtain data for this research, primary data sources such as official documents, newspapers, journals, and other similar sources were utilized, and Neoliberal theory was employed as the theoretical foundation for the study. Our research showed that the IMF loan conditions of currency devaluation and subsidy removal negatively impacted not just Nigeria’s economy but also the nation’s overall standard of living. As a result, it was recommended that the government should make an effort to diversify the economy, modify its relations with international financial organizations like the IMF and the World Bank, and give the populace access to the necessary resources to improve their standard of living.
The necessity of resilience: Bucharest vulnerability in seismic context
Authors: Păunescu M , Stănescu A A , Luca O 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to perform an overview of the general situation related to Bucharest vulnerability in seismic context. Brief literature review on the subject is performed, together with emphasizing success factors for improving resilience in other countries. The paper is presenting the situation related to seismic resilience in Bucharest, proposing short- and long-term measures and introduction of CRO concept in the local administration.
Synthesis and anisotropic magnetic properties of LiCrTe
2
single crystals with a triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic structure
Authors: Witteveen Catherine , Nocerino Elisabetta , López-Paz Sara A , Jeschke Harald O , Pomjakushin Vladimir Y , Månsson Martin , von Rohr Fabian O 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We report on the synthesis of LiCrTe

2

single crystals and on their anisotropic magnetic properties. We have obtained these single crystals by employing a Te/Li-flux synthesis method. We find LiCrTe

2

to crystallize in a TlCdS

2

-type structure with cell parameters of a = 3.9512(5) Å and c = 6.6196(7) Å at T = 175 K. The content of lithium in these crystals was determined to be neary stoichiometric by means of neutron diffraction. We find a pronounced magnetic transition at

T

N

a
b

= 144 K and

T

N

c

= 148 K, respectively. These transition temperatures are substantially higher than earlier reports on polycrystalline samples. We have performed neutron powder diffraction measurements that reveal that the long-range low-temperature magnetic structure of single crystalline LiCrTe

2

is an A-type antiferromagnetic structure. Our DFT calculations are in good agreement with these experimental observations. We find the system to be easy axis with moments oriented along the c-direction experimentally as well as in our calculations. Thereby, the magnetic Hamiltonian can be written as

H
=

H

H
e
i
s
e
n
b
e
r
g

+

∑
i

K
c

(

S
i
z

)
2

with

K
c

=
−
0.34

K (where

|

S
z

|

=

3
2

). We find LiCrTe

2

to be highly anisotropic, with a pronounced metamagnetic transition for

H
⊥
a
b

with a critical field of

μ

H

M
M

(5 K) ≈ 2.5 T. Using detailed orientation-dependent magnetization measurements, we have determined the magnetic phase diagram of this material. Our findings suggest that LiCrTe

2

is a promising material for exploring the interplay between crystal structure and magnetism, and could have potential applications in spin-based 2D devices.
A universal bound in the dimensional Brunn-Minkowski inequality for log-concave measures
Authors: Livshyts Galyna 
Published: May 2023

We show that for any even log-concave probability measure

μ
\mu

on

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

, any pair of symmetric convex sets

K
K

and

L
L

, and any

λ
∈
[
0
,
1
]

\lambda \in [0,1]

,

μ
(
(
1
−
λ
)
K
+
λ
L

)

c
n

≥
(
1
−
λ
)
μ
(
K

)

c
n

+
λ
μ
(
L

)

c
n

,

\begin{equation*} \mu ((1-\lambda ) K+\lambda L)^{c_n}\geq (1-\lambda ) \mu (K)^{c_n}+\lambda \mu (L)^{c_n}, \end{equation*}

where

c
n

≥

n

−
4
−
o
(
1
)

c_n\geq n^{-4-o(1)}

. This constitutes progress towards the dimensional Brunn-Minkowski conjecture (see Richard J. Gardner and Artem Zvavitch [Tran. Amer. Math. Soc. 362 (2010), pp. 5333–5353]; Andrea Colesanti, Galyna V. Livshyts, Arnaud Marsiglietti [J. Funct. Anal. 273 (2017), pp. 1120–1139]). Moreover, our bound improves for various special classes of log-concave measures.
Demanding Recognition: a New Framework for the Study of Political Clientelism
Authors: Klaus Kathleen , Paller Jeffrey W , Wilfahrt Martha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Despite increasingly programmatic politics and competitive elections, political clientelism remains an enduring feature of African politics. More so, while politicians rarely deliver on political promises, citizens continue to demand and participate in patron–client relations. While moral economy and instrumentalist accounts offer insight into the puzzling persistence of political clientelism, we offer an additional framework based on demands for social recognition. Beyond expectations of materialist exchange or the performance of cultural norms, citizens expect their political leaders to recognize them as dignified human beings and members of an identity group. Drawing on evidence from three diverse African contexts—urban Ghana, rural Senegal, and coastal Kenya—we argue that citizens engage in political clientelism as a vehicle for demanding three dimensions of social recognition: (i) To be seen and heard by leaders, (ii) to be respected as agents in the political process, and (iii) to be politically included and protected from harm. By providing new insights into the enduring logics of clientelism, citizen strategies amidst unequal power relationships, and the role of emotions in democratic politics, we aim to reconcile existing approaches and bring them into a more unified framework.
Affective Disturbance and Neurocognitive Variability in College Athletes
Authors: Thomas Garrett A , Bradson Megan L , Riegler Kaitlin E , Arnett Peter A 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveResearch on the neurocognitive effects of comorbid mood/anxiety disturbance in college athletes is limited. Previous research found that athletes with comorbid depression/anxiety performed worse on measures of attention/processing speed (A/PS) at baseline compared to healthy controls. However, this work solely examined mean performance. The current study expands upon this work by examining intraindividual variability (IIV) in relation to affective disturbance.Method835 (M = 624, F = 211) collegiate athletes completed baseline neuropsychological testing. Athletes were separated into four groups (Healthy Mood [n = 582], Depression Alone [n = 137], Anxiety Alone [n = 54], and Co-Occurring Depression/Anxiety [n = 62]) based on self-reported anxiety and depression. IIV was examined globally and within composites of A/PS and memory via intraindividual standard deviation, with higher scores indicating greater variability.ResultsLinear regression results revealed that the Co-Occurring Depression/Anxiety group exhibited greater variability within the memory composite compared to the Healthy Mood group, as well as the Depression Alone and Anxiety Alone groups. The Depression Alone and Anxiety Alone groups did not differ from the Healthy Mood group on memory IIV. None of the groups differed on A/PS or global IIV.ConclusionsAthletes with co-occurring depression/anxiety demonstrated greater variability in performance on memory tasks. Greater dispersion is predictive of greater cognitive decline following concussion; therefore, it is important that neuropsychological performance is interpreted beyond measures of central tendency. These findings also highlight the importance of having baseline data available for athletes with affective disturbance, as these factors may influence performance, place athlete at risk for poorer outcomes, and skew future post-concussion comparisons.