bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Give and gain: Black engineering students as near‐peer mentors
Authors: Taylor Leonard , Mastrogiovanni Margaret , Lakin Joni M. , Davis Virginia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEngineering‐oriented bridge programs and camps are popular strategies for broadening participation. The students who often serve as counselors and mentors in these programs are integral to their success.PurposePredicated on the belief that mentoring contributes to positive outcomes for the mentors themselves, we sought to understand how undergraduate student mentors approached and experienced their work with a 6‐day overnight, NSF‐sponsored youth engineering camp (YEC). This study was guided by the question: How did YEC camp counselors approach and experience their roles as mentors?Design/MethodsWe conducted an exploratory qualitative study of four Black undergraduate engineering students' experiences with and approaches to near‐peer mentorship in the YEC program. Data consisted of transcripts from two post‐program interviews and one written reflection from each participant. We analyzed data through abductive coding and the funds of knowledge framework.ResultsThrough subsequent interpretation of code categories, we found YEC mentors: (1) engaged in altruistic motivations as YEC mentors, (2) leveraged previous experiences to guide their approaches to mentorship, and (3) engaged in self‐directed learning and development.ConclusionsThis study highlights the knowledge and strategies that YEC mentors drew upon in their roles, and how they sought and achieved various personal, academic, and professional benefits. Insights from this study illustrate how near‐peer mentors can support their and others' engineering aspirations.
A model of embedded autonomy and asymmetric information
Authors: Lyu Weicheng , Singh Nirvikar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe model the concept of embedded autonomy, introduced by Peter Evans, as an interaction between bureaucrats and entrepreneurs, where bureaucrats must approve projects proposed by entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are better informed about their own projects than are bureaucrats, but bureaucrats can receive signals about project quality from entrepreneurs. If bureaucrats and entrepreneurs are more closely connected, say through social ties, they receive more informative signals. However, greater closeness will simultaneously relax the standards for project approval. Hence, there is a tradeoff between these two effects of social closeness, which helps capture the concept of embedded autonomy.
Structural characteristics of radiation‐amorphized ZrSiO4:U,Th according to Raman spectroscopy of Boson peak
Authors: Shchapova Yuliya V. , Krylov Alexander S. , Votyakov Sergei L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe structure of the amorphous fraction and the tensile‐compressive stresses in amorphous‐crystalline radiation‐damaged zircon ZrSiO:U,Th depending on radiation dose and temperature (8–350 K) are investigated according to Raman spectroscopy of Boson peak for the first time. The Boson peak at 60–70 cm−1 associated with localized phonon states in the amorphous fraction (
) is recorded at low temperatures (
K) for samples with
and over the entire temperature range 8–350 K for
. The wider localized states distribution in the latter case is considered as a sign of the amorphous phase structure evolution with an increase in radiation dose. The estimates of an atomic correlation radius based on the Ioffe–Regel criterion are similar to those in glasses,
nm. The monotonic increase in
value during heating of zircon with
is governed by thermal expansion of the percolating amorphous fraction. The nonmonotonic variations of the
value in zircon with
is determined by the stresses in the amorphous fraction due to the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) and elastic moduli of the amorphous and crystalline phases depending on temperature; a change in the sign of the crystalline fraction CTE at 30 K is assumed. The Boson peak disappearance at 100 K in zircon with
during heating conforms to with the violation of the phonon localization as a consequence of amorphous fraction contraction and partial ordering. The data obtained are important for predicting the thermal and mechanical properties of heterogeneous radiation‐damaged materials and nanocomposites.
Ultraviolet photodetectors and readout based on a‐IGZO semiconductor technology
Authors: Schellander Yannick , Winter Marius , Schamber Maurice , Munkes Fabian , Schalberger Patrick , Kuebler Harald , Pfau Tilman , Fruehauf Norbert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, real‐time ultraviolet photodetectors are realized through metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structures. Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) is used as semiconductor material and gold as metal electrodes. The readout of an individual sensor is implemented by a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) consisting of an all‐enhancement a‐IGZO thin‐film transistor (TFT) operational amplifier and a switched capacitor (SC) as feedback resistance. The photosensor and the transimpedance amplifier are both manufactured on glass substrates. The measured photosensor possesses a high responsivity R, a low response time tRES, and a good noise equivalent power value NEP.
Data‐driven modeling of band‐pass filter for sub‐5G applications
Authors: Belen Aysu , Belen Mehmet A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRadiofrequency noise is one of the challenging problems in the design of high‐performance wireless communication systems, for which microstrip band‐pass filters are one of the most commonly used design solutions for this challenge. However, for having high‐performance designs. usage of a 3D Electromagnetic simulation tool is a must in which the computation efficiency of the whole design optimization process might not be acceptable or even feasible. An efficient solution is utilization of AI‐based algorithms to create data‐driven surrogate models of the handled problem. In this paper, for achieving design optimization of an edge‐coupled band‐pass filter AI‐based algorithms have been used to create a data‐driven surrogate model. To achieve this, by using a 3D full‐wave simulator a data set for the aimed bandpass filter is generated. Then a series of state‐of‐the‐art regression algorithms, Support Vector Regression Machine, MultiLayer Perceptron, Ensemble Learning, Gaussian Process Regression, and Convolutional Neural Network have been used to create a data‐driven surrogate model for the aimed filter design. In the third step, the obtained data‐driven surrogate model is used to assist an optimization process directed by the Bayesian optimization technique to optimally determine geometrical design parameters of the desired band‐pass filter for sub‐5G applications at frequency of 3.4 GHz. The obtained results of the surrogate model are compared with experimental results and found to be in high agreement level. Furthermore, the performance of the optimally designed filter is compared with the counterpart designs in literature. Thus, based on the obtained results, it can be said that the proposed surrogate‐assisted optimization process is not only an efficient method in terms of computational costs but also is an efficient method to obtain high‐performance microwave filter designs.
Modeling the Formation of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Using Hydrofluorolefin as Expanding Agent
Authors: Cassens Beatriz N. , Giudici Reinaldo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolyurethanes are probably the most versatile among polymers of greater industrial use due to the possibility of being produced in a wide range of density, hardness, and mechanical properties and through different conversion processes. Its synthesis involves a great variety of raw materials and proportions between them. A mathematical model that describes the polyurethane foam formation can be very useful for the development of formulations and in the definition of the processing conditions, avoiding great consumption of time and errors in the development and experiments. The present work studies this process using industrial formulation. The kinetic parameters of the reaction between polyol with isocyanate are determined calorimetrically using the adiabatic temperature rise method, obtaining the values of activation energy 22.2 kJ mol−1 and heat of reaction 91.8 kJ mol−1. Data liquid–vapor equilibrium of the hydrofluorolefin blowing agent in a polyol mixture are obtained and treated with Flory–Huggins model with good agreement with experimental data (deviation of 1.6%). The mathematical model is satisfactory to describe the expanding process in a pilot scale, under different conditions.
Biofiltration Reactivation Kinetics of a Cyclobio Fluidized Sand Filter in a Warmwater Recirculating Aquaculture System
Authors: Pfeiffer Timothy J. , Ott Brian D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The ability of a commercial-scale Cyclobio fluidized sand filter was evaluated for ammonia and nitrite removal by dosing with ammonia chloride, NH4Cl, as part of the water treatment unit for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit's (WARU) catfish hatchery in Stoneville, Mississippi, USA. Treatment system water was recirculated through the Cyclobio filter for several months without any feed inputs; thus, our objective was to investigate how quickly a full-scale Cyclobio fluidized sand filter could be reactivated with NH4Cl substrate dosing in preparation for the upcoming spawning season. A second objective of the study was to examine the decline of the filter's nitrification ability when the supplementary NH4Cl substrate dosings were removed or limited. The effects of daily and weekly substrate additions were evaluated over a 14-week winter period, with the system water temperature ranging between 20° and 23°C. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration decreased within hours of initial dosing. After approximately a 2-h lag period, the nitrite–nitrogen concentration peaked and then decreased. The rate of TAN nitrification followed a simple first-order reaction kinetics and increased over time during the 4 weeks of daily NH4Cl substrate dosing. The return to a weekly substrate dosage resulted in a decrease in the kinetic reaction rate, but adequate to maintain the filter during periods of system inactivity. The once-daily substrate dosage was consumed within hours of the initial dosing and was sufficient for current system loading.
Robust reliability‐based design approach by inverse FORM with adaptive conjugate search algorithm
Authors: Ji Jian , Wang Zhaocheng , Zhang Zheming , Liao Wenwang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe concept of reliability‐based design (RBD) of geotechnical works has seen great success in recent years, nevertheless, its application in real‐world engineering practice is still limited. This phenomenon could be mainly attributed to two aspects: the engineer's unfamiliarity of reliability algorithms even in their simplest forms, and the lack of direct connection between reliability algorithms and deterministic design tools. To promote the geotechnical RBD application, this study proposes an inverse first‐order reliability method (FORM) integrating adaptive conjugate direction search technique (RBD via conjugate FORM) to solve classical RBD problems where the number of (multiple) limit state functions is usually equal to the number of unknown design parameters. Notably, the RBD via conjugate FORM can readily back‐calculate those unknown design parameters subject to prescribed reliability index or probability of failure, by means of iterative evaluation of the parametric sensitivities. The proposed algorithm is first verified by several well‐documented examples. Comparative studies show that when the reliability problem to solve is highly nonlinear, the RBD results based on steepest descent search direction may fall in oscillation and non‐convergence, while the proposed RBD via conjugate FORM algorithm performs robustly and efficiently. It is then illustrated in combination with standalone numerical codes to conduct risk‐based optimization of unknown design parameters for two soil slope stability models. The first slope RBD model achieves designing the slope angle under specified reliability index, and the second slope RBD model is to optimize multiple design parameters of the stabilization pile, which can meet different slope reliability requirements under static and seismic loading conditions simultaneously.
Using simulation to train clinical providers in the effective use of telehealth
Authors: Pfeil Sheryl A. , Shellhaas Cynthia S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, telehealth became a widely used method to provide patient care. Providers had to quickly learn how to adapt traditional clinical care to the virtual environment. The existing literature focuses on the technological aspects of telehealth with only a few publications addressing optimization of communication, with even fewer looking at the use of simulation to fill the knowledge gap in this area. Simulation training is one such avenue that can be used to practice virtual encounters. This review outlines how to effectively use simulation as an educational method to teach clinical skills needed for effective telehealth communication. The experiential nature of simulation provides learners with an opportunity to adapt their clinical skills to a telehealth encounter, and an opportunity to practice challenges unique to a telehealth environment, such as patient privacy, patient safety, technology disruption, and performance of an examination virtually. The goal of this review is to discuss how simulation may be used to train providers for best practices in telehealth.
Characteristics and health service utilization of children most at risk for prolonged temporary tube feeding
Authors: Syrmis Maryanne , Reilly Claire , Frederiksen Nadine , Bell Kristie L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to describe children at risk of prolonged temporary tube feeding and evaluate associations between tube feeding duration and child and health service variables.MethodsA prospective medical hospital records audit was conducted between November 1, 2018, and November 30, 2019. Children at risk of prolonged temporary tube feeding were identified as having a tube feeding duration of >5 days. Information was collected on patient characteristics (eg, age) and service delivery provision (eg, tube exit plans). Data were collected from the pretube decision‐making phase until tube removal (if applicable) or until 4 months after tube insertion.ResultsDescriptively, 211 at‐risk children (median, 3.7 years; interquartile range [IQR], 0.4–7.7) differed from 283 not‐at‐risk children (median age, 0.9 years; IQR, 0.4–1.8) in terms of age, geographical location of residence, and tube exit planning. Medical diagnoses of neoplasms, congenital abnormalities, perinatal problems, and digestive system diseases in the at‐risk group were individually associated with longer than average tube feeding duration, as were the primary reasons for tube feeding of nonorganic growth faltering and inadequate oral intake related to neoplasms. Yet, variables independently associated with greater odds of lengthier tube feeding durations were consultations with a dietitian, speech pathologist, or interdisciplinary feeding team.ConclusionChildren at risk of prolonged temporary tube feeding access interdisciplinary management because of their complexity. Identified descriptive differences between at‐risk and not‐at‐risk children may be useful when selecting patients for tube exit planning and developing tube feeding management education programs for health professionals.
The gut microbiome and regional fat distribution: Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Tilves Curtis , Tanaka Toshiko , Differding Moira K. , Spira Adam P. , Chia Chee W. , Ferrucci Luigi , Mueller Noel T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine associations of gut microbiome diversity and composition with directly measured regional fat distribution, including central fat, in a large community‐based cohort.MethodsA cross‐sectional investigation was conducted in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 815, 55.2% female, 65.9% White). The fecal microbiome was assessed using whole‐genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and trunk and leg fat was measured using dual x‐ray absorptiometry. Multivariable‐adjusted associations of regional fat measures, BMI, or waist circumference with microbiome alpha diversity metrics, microbiome beta diversity metrics, and species differential abundance (verified using two compositional statistical approaches) were examined.ResultsTrunk fat, leg fat, BMI, and waist circumference all significantly explained similar amounts of variance in microbiome structure. Differential abundance testing identified 11 bacterial species significantly associated with at least one measure of body composition or anthropometry. Ruminococcus gnavus was strongly and consistently associated with trunk fat mass, which is congruent with prior literature.ConclusionsMicrobiome diversity and composition, in particular higher abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus, were associated with greater trunk fat, in addition to other measures of obesity. Longitudinal studies are needed to replicate these findings, and if replicated, randomized trials are needed to determine whether interventions targeting microbiome features such as abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus can lead to reductions in trunk fat and its metabolic sequelae.
Carbon‐based composite nanofibers for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light
Authors: Syed Noureen , Feng Yongqiang , Fahad Raja , Huang Jianfeng , Mahar Faraz Khan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic degradation from Photocatalytic Nanomaterials composites is a great possibility to investigate the energy shortage and potential natural risks determined by nanomaterial composites. Graphite oxide and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were added to Polyacrylonitrile nanofibers to improve the photocatalytic activity and mechanical qualities of the composite nanofibers. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes—methylene blue dye from the simulated industrial wastewater has been studied. Electrospinning is used to create polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, which are then chemically cross‐linked with graphite oxide and CQDs to get efficient photocatalytic degradation. In‐depth analysis has been done on every parameter relating to dyes and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism. Using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, the surface sensitization and morphological changes of the synthesized composite nanofibers were investigated. With a 100% degradation efficiency for MB after 25 min, sensitized CQDs with graphite oxide demonstrated better efficiency in the degradation of MB when compared with pristine elements. The ideal catalytic conditions, including pH and starting organic dye content, were discussed. Methylene blue dye degraded more effectively as initial concentrations dropped. The reaction rate slows down at a pH of 7. The proposed composite demonstrated high stability and reusability for MB dye, and the cost‐controlling method can be utilized in advanced applications.
Influence of material modification and fillers on the dimensional stability and warpage of polypropylene in screw‐extrusion‐based large area additive manufacturing
Authors: Austermann Johannes , Kuscera Renata , Wipperfürth Jens , Hopmann Christian , Dahlmann Rainer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, the influence of a modification and fillers on the dimensional stability and warpage of semi‐crystalline polypropylene compounds in screw‐based Large Area Additive Manufacturing is investigated by material characterization and experimental testing. Polypropylene is modified by blending an amorphous polyolefin‐copolymer as well as the addition of three different fillers talc, glass fibers, and hollow glass beads, resulting in eight investigated compounds. A material characterization using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, thermal conductivity measurements, and pvT‐measurements is carried out. Experimental investigations regarding dimensional stability and warpage deformation during processing are performed. By increasing the crystallization temperature and thermal conductivity from 112.3°C and 0.208 W/(m°C) to 127°C and 0.232 W/(m°C) through the use of a modification and talc, a better dimensional stability during processing is reached. Furthermore, both the modification of the base material and the introduction of talc or glass fibers lead to a significant reduction in the decrease in specific volume during cooling, as determined by pvT‐measurements, thus reducing warpage. The experimentally determined warpage deformation could be reduced by 69% when using 10 wt. % talc‐filler and by 78% when using 10 wt. % glass fibers, compared to the unmodified and unfilled base polypropylene.
Application of radiomics in lung immuno‐oncology
Authors: Yan Weisi , Quan Chen , Mourad Waleed F. , Yuan Jianda , Shi Zheng , Yang Jun , Lu Qiuxia , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRadiomics is a rapidly evolving field of research that extracts and analyzes quantitative features within medical images. Those features are termed as radiomic features that can characterize a tumor in a comprehensive and quantitative manner with regard to its internal structure and heterogeneity. Radiomic features can be used, alone or in combination with demographic, histological, genomic, or proteomic data, for predicting prognosis or treatment response. Immunotherapy, or immune‐oncology, is the study of cancer treatment by taking advantage of the body's immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer. In this review, we first provide a brief introduction to both radiomics and immune‐oncology in lung cancer. Then, we discuss the need for developing immune‐oncology biomarkers, and the advantages of radiomics in identifying biomarkers related to immunotherapy. We also discuss potential areas in and out of tumors, such as the intra‐tumoral hypoxic region and tumor microenvironment, where radiomic markers might be extracted, as well as a potential application of radiomic biomarkers in clinical lung cancer management. Finally, we present radiation and immune modulation in non‐small cell lung cancer, clinical trials and their design to incorporate radiomic biomarkers, and radiomics‐guided precision radiation therapy.
Krukenberg tumour as the initial manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lim Guat Yee , Wong Yen Shen , Tawil Zahrah , Abdul Kadir Roqiah Fatmawati , Ramanathan Annamalai , Natasya Musa Aisya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractKrukenberg tumours are unusual metastatic tumours of the ovary with primary tumours from the stomach, breast and gastrointestinal malignancies. Krukenberg tumour from pulmonary malignancy represents an extremely rare situation. This is an elaboration of a case of young women with Krukenberg tumour rising from lung adenocarcinoma. A 38‐year‐old woman presented with progressive abdominal distention for the past 2‐years. Computed tomography (CT) of thorax, abdomen and pelvis revealed a huge ovarian mass with left lung nodules and left‐sided pleural effusion. A detailed immunohistochemical staining on pleural fluid cytology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of lung origin. She underwent doublet platinum chemotherapy as molecular testing for oncogenic mutation was negative. The patient responded well to chemotherapy with a significant reduction in ovarian tumour size. Early identification of the primary source of Krukenberg tumour is paramount to avoid invasive diagnostic surgical intervention for ovarian metastasis.