bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current status 2023
Authors: Kranz Thorsten M. , Grimm Oliver 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows consistently high heritability in genetic research. In this review article, we give an overview of the analysis of common and rare variants and some insight into current genetic methodology and their link to clinical practice.

Recent findings
The heritability of about 80% is also high in comparison to other psychiatric diseases. However, recent studies estimate the proportion of heritability based on single nucleotide variants at 22%. The hidden heritability is an ongoing question in ADHD genetics. Common variants derived from mega genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) and subsequent meta-analyses usually display small effect sizes and explain only a small fraction of phenotypic variance. Rare variants, on the contrary, not only display large effect sizes but also rather explain, due to their rareness, a small fraction on phenotypic variance. Applying polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis is an improved approach of combining effect sizes of many common variants with clinically relevant measures in ADHD.

Summary
We provide a concise overview on how genetic analysis, with a focus on GWAS and PRS, can help explain different behavioural phenotypes in ADHD and how they can be used for diagnosis and therapy prediction. Increased sample sizes of GWAS, meta-analyses and use of PRS is increasingly informative and sets the course for a new era in genetics of ADHD.
Factors Associated With Utilization of Electroconvulsive Therapy During Psychiatric Hospitalization Among Children and Adolescents in China
Authors: Geng Feng , Wang Song , Tian Yanghua , Jiang Feng , Conrad Rachel , Liu Tingfang , Liu Yuanli , Mo Daming , Liu Huanzhong , Tang Yi-lang 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Based on a nationally representative sample in China, we examined the demographic and clinical correlates of utilization of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in child and adolescent (C/A) patients younger than 18 years during psychiatric hospitalization.

Methods
As part of a national survey, 41 provincial tertiary psychiatric hospitals in mainland China were selected. Data from 196 C/A patients who were discharged from these psychiatric hospitals from March 19 to 31, 2019, were retrieved and analyzed.

Results
(1) The overall rate of ECT among C/A patients during psychiatric hospitalization was 15.6% (n = 30). (2) Between ECT and non-ECT groups, significant differences were found in sex, age, length of stay, Global Assessment of Functioning at admission, treatment outcome, and self-injurious behavior during hospitalization, and the ratio of marked improvement on discharge. (3) Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ECT use was independently and positively associated with an older age, male sex, lower Global Assessment of Functioning, and self-injurious behavior during hospitalization.

Conclusions
The frequency of ECT use was relatively frequent in C/A patients during psychiatric hospitalization in our nationally representative sample in China. Developing more specific and operational criteria for the use of ECT for C/A patients is needed to provide guidance for the optimal use of ECT in this patient population.
Neural and visual processing of social gaze cueing in typical and ASD adults
Authors: Parker Termara Cerene , Zhang Xian , Noah Jack Adam , Tiede Mark , Scassellati Brian , Kelley Megan , McPartland James Charles , Hirsch Joy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtypical eye gaze in joint attention is a clinical characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite this documented symptom, neural processing of joint attention tasks in real-life social interactions is not understood. To address this knowledge gap, functional-near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and eye-tracking data were acquired simultaneously as ASD and typically developed (TD) individuals engaged in a gaze-directed joint attention task with a live human and robot partner. We test the hypothesis that face processing deficits in ASD are greater for interactive faces than for simulated (robot) faces. Consistent with prior findings, neural responses during human gaze cueing modulated by face visual dwell time resulted in increased activity of ventral frontal regions in ASD and dorsal parietal systems in TD participants. Hypoactivity of the right dorsal parietal area during live human gaze cueing was correlated with autism spectrum symptom severity: Brief Observations of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) scores (r = −0.86). Contrarily, neural activity in response to robot gaze cueing modulated by visual acquisition factors activated dorsal parietal systems in ASD, and this neural activity was not related to autism symptom severity (r = 0.06). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that altered encoding of incoming facial information to the dorsal parietal cortex is specific to live human faces in ASD. These findings open new directions for understanding joint attention difficulties in ASD by providing a connection between superior parietal lobule activity and live interaction with human faces.Lay SummaryLittle is known about why it is so difficult for autistic individuals to make eye contact with other people. We find that in a live face-to-face viewing task with a robot, the brains of autistic participants were similar to typical participants but not when the partner was a live human. Findings suggest that difficulties in real-life social situations for autistic individuals may be specific to difficulties with live social interaction rather than general face gaze.
Analysis of requests for reservation of blood concentrates in patients referred to urgent surgeries in a teaching hospital
Authors: Garcia Cintia de Lelis , Silveira Michelle Petrolli , Jesus-Silva Seleno Glauber de 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe rates of request and use of blood concentrates are still poorly reported in the literature. This study aimed to analyze the rates of requests for blood concentrates and their use in patients undergoing emergency surgery in a teaching hospital.MethodsA retrospective, quantitative and descriptive study was conducted in 359 medical records of patients in urgent surgery scheduled with a request for a reserve of blood concentrate. The ratios between crossmatched and transfused units (C/T), transfusion index (TI), and probability (TP) were calculated, and the times between request and delivery at the transfusion agency (TA) and patient admission to the surgical center (SC).ResultsThe mean age was 58.5 ± 22.2 years, with the majority being male (53.1%). There was an average of 27.5 monthly requests (min 12, max 44). Ninety-seven units of blood concentrates were transfused into 44 patients (C/T ratio 7.59; TI 0.27; TP 12.3%). Only seven patients had their requests made after admission to the OR. The median time between the request and arrival at the TA was 1h15min, while that between the request and the patient’s arrival at the SC was 5h23min. There was greater transfusion in major surgery (major 37, 14.8% vs. medium 7, 6.5%; p = 0.027) and non-orthopedic surgery (orthopedic 9, 4.0% vs. non-orthopedic 35, 26.9%; p < 0.001).Conclusionthere was a significant discrepancy between the number of requests for blood reservation and its real use and an increased time between reservation requests and their arrival at the TA.
Older age, lack of vaccination and infection with variants other than Omicron associated with severity of COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality in Pakistan
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad Zain , Nasir Nosheen , Mahmood Syed Faisal , Khan Sara , Kanji Akbar , Nasir Asghar , Aamir Uzma Bashir , Hasan Zahra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity and in-hospital mortality in a low-middle income setting.MethodsRecords of 197 adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi between April 2021 and February 2022 were reviewed. Clinical data including, that of SARS-CoV-2 variants was collected.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 55 years and 51.8% were males. 48.2 % of patients had non-severe disease, while 52.8% had severe/critical disease. Hypertension (48%) and diabetes mellitus (41.3%) were most common comorbid conditions. Omicron (55.3%), Beta (14.7%), Alpha (13.7%), Delta (12.7%) and Gamma (3.6%) were identified in patients. The risk of severe disease was higher in those aged above 50 years (OR 5.73; 95%CI [2.45-13.7]) and in diabetics (OR 4.24; 95% CI[1.82-9.85]). Full vaccination (OR 0.25; 95%CI [0.11-0.58]) or infection with Omicron variants (OR 0.42; 95% CI[0.23-0.74]) reduced disease severity. Age > 50 (OR 5.07; 95%CI [1.92-13.42]) and presence of myocardial infarction (OR 5.11; 95% CI[1.45-17.93]) was associated with increased mortality, but infection with Omicron (OR 0.22 95% CI 0.10-0.53]) reduced risk.ConclusionsVaccination was found to protect against severe COVID-19 regardless of the infecting variant and is recommended especially, in those aged over 50 years and with co-morbid conditions.
Radiomic signature accurately predicts the risk of metastatic dissemination in late-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Małgorzata Wilk Agata , Kozłowska Emilia , Borys Damian , D’Amico Andrea , Fujarewicz Krzysztof , Gorczewska Izabela , Dębosz-Suwińska Iwona , Suwiński Rafał , Śmieja Jarosław , Swierniak Andrzej 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, and the median overall survival is approximately 2-3 years among patients with stage III disease. Furthermore, it is one of the deadliest types of cancer globally due to non-specific symptoms and the lack of a biomarker for early detection. The most important decision that clinicians need to make after a lung cancer diagnosis is the selection of a treatment schedule. This decision is based on, among others factors, the risk of developing metastasis.MethodsA cohort of 115 NSCLC patients treated using chemotherapy and radiotherapy with curative intent was retrospectively collated and included patients for whom positron emission tomogra-phy/computed tomography (PET/CT) images, acquired before radiotherapy, were available. The PET/CT images were used to compute radiomic features extracted from a region of interest, the primary tumor. Radiomic and clinical features were then classified to stratify the patients into short and long time to metastasis, and regression analysis was used to predict the risk of metastasis.ResultsClassification based on binarized metastasis-free survival (MFS) was applied with moderate success. Indeed, an accuracy of 0.73 was obtained for the selection of features based on the Wilcoxon test and logistic regression model. However, the Cox regression model for metastasis risk prediction performed very well, with a concordance index (c-index) score equal to 0.84.ConclusionsIt is possible to accurately predict the risk of metastasis in NSCLC patients based on radiomic features. The results demonstrate the potential use of features extracted from cancer imaging in predicting the risk of metastasis.
Sociodemographic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Belgium – A nationwide record linkage study
Authors: Cavillot Lisa , van Loenhout Joris A.F , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Wyndham-Thomas Chloé , Van Oyen Herman , Ghattas Jinane , Blot Koen , Van den Borre Laura , Billuart Matthieu , Speybroeck Niko , De Pauw Robby , Stouten Veerle , Catteau Lucy , Hubin Pierre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have identified important social inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 infection and related COVID-19 outcomes in the Belgian population. The aim of our study was to investigate the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in Belgium.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the uptake of a first COVID-19 vaccine dose among 5,342,110 adults (≥18 years) in Belgium from December 28th2020 (official starting date of the vaccination campaign) until August 31st2021. We integrated data from four national data sources: the Belgian vaccine register (vaccination status), COVID-19 Healthdata (laboratory test results), DEMOBEL (sociodemographic/socioeconomic data), and the Common Base Registry for HealthCare Actors (individuals licensed to practice a healthcare profession in Belgium). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis for identifying characteristics associated with not having obtained a first COVID-19 vaccine dose in Belgium and for each of its three regions (Flanders, Brussels, and Wallonia).ResultsDuring the study period, 10% (536,716/5,342,110) of the Belgian adult population included in our study sample was not vaccinated with a first COVID-19 vaccine dose. A lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake was found among young individuals, men, migrants, single parents, one-person households, and disadvantaged socioeconomic groups (with lower levels of income and education, unemployed). Overall, the sociodemographic and socioeconomic disparities were comparable for all regions.ConclusionsThe identification of sociodemographic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake is critical to develop strategies guaranteeing a more equitable vaccination coverage of the Belgian adult population.
Multivariate patterns of disrupted sleep longitudinally predict affective vulnerability to psychosis in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Reich Natacha , Delavari Farnaz , Schneider Maude , Thillainathan Niveettha , Eliez Stephan , Sandini Corrado 
Published: February 2023

Abstract22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) contributes dramatically increased genetic risk for psychopathology, and in particular schizophrenia. Sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), are also highly prevalent, making 22q11DS a unique model to explore their impact on psychosis vulnerability. Still, the contribution of sleep disturbances to psychosis vulnerability remains unclear.We characterized the sleep phenotype of 69 individuals with 22q11DS and 38 healthy controls with actigraphy and sleep questionnaires. Psychiatric symptoms were measured concomitantly with the baseline sleep assessment and at longitudinal follow-up, 3.58±0.85 years later. We used a novel multivariate partial-least-square-correlation (PLSC) approach to identify sleep patterns combining objective and subjective variables, which correlated with psychiatric symptoms. We dissected longitudinal pathways linking sleep disturbances to psychosis, using multi-layer-network-analysis.22q11DS was characterized by a non-restorative sleep pattern, combining increased daytime fatigue despite longer sleep duration. Non-restorative sleep combined with OSA symptoms correlated with both emotional and psychotic symptoms. Moreover, a sleep pattern evocative of OSA predicted longitudinal worsening of positive and negative symptoms, by accentuating the effects of emotional dysregulation. These results suggest that sleep disturbances could significantly increase psychosis risk, along an affective pathway. If confirmed, this suggests that systematic screening of sleep quality could mitigate psychosis vulnerability in 22q11DS.
Metaproteomic analysis of nasopharyngeal swab samples to identify microbial peptides and potential co-infection status in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Bihani Surbhi , Gupta Aryan , Mehta Subina , Rajczewski Andrew , Johnson James , Borishetty Dhanush , Griffin Timothy J. , Srivastava Sanjeeva , Jagtap Pratik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRespiratory infections disrupt the microbiota in the upper respiratory tract (URT), putting patients at a risk for subsequent infections. During the pandemic, cases of COVID-19 were aggravated by secondary infections because of impaired immunity and medical interventions, which was clearly evident in the second wave of COVID-19 in India. The potential dangers and clinical difficulties of bacterial and fungal secondary infections in COVID-19 patients necessitate microbial exploration of the URT. In this regard, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteome data of nasopharyngeal swab samples from COVID-19 patients was used to investigate the metaproteome. The MS datasets were searched against a comprehensive protein sequence database of common URT pathogens using multiple search platforms (MaxQuant, MSFragger, and Search GUI/PeptideShaker). The detected microbial peptides were verified using PepQuery, which analyses peptide-spectrum pairs to give statistical output for determining confident microbial peptides. Finally, a protein sequence database was generated using the list of verified microbial peptides for identification and quantitation of microbial peptides and proteins, respectively. The taxonomic analysis of the detected peptides revealed several opportunistic pathogens likeStreptococcus pneumoniae, Rhizopus microsporus, Clavispora lusitaniae, andSyncephalastrum racemosumamong others. Using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), we validated a few identified microbial peptides in clinical samples. The analysis also revealed proteins belonging to species likePseudomonas fluorescens, Enterobacter, andClostridiumto be up-regulated in severe COVID-19 samples. Thus, MS can serve as a powerful tool for untargeted detection of a wide range of microorganisms. Metaproteomic analysis in COVID-19 patients for early identification and characterisation of co-infecting microorganisms can significantly impact the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Halal standards’ implementation in Palestinian food sector: its drivers and impact on performance
Authors: Amer Mahmoud 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the correlational and effect relationship between Halal standards and the performance of Halal-certified Palestinian Food Companies.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative method was used, using a questionnaire survey of 40 Halal-certified Palestinian organizations out of a total of 47 certified organizations, the analysis was done using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and the literature review was conducted using a well-known systematic literature review methodology.FindingsHalal implementation and certification had a positive impact on performance (operational, financial and marketing). The depth/intensity of implementation fully mediates operational performance and partially mediates marketing and financial performance.Research limitations/implicationsAs the sample size is small, it is recommended to conduct the study using a larger sample size, once the number of Palestinian Halal-certified organizations increases. A longitudinal or panel study is recommended to capture data that are more accurate and avoid objectivity and bias issues using a cross-sectional research design method. Finally, the study recommends to conduct additional research in the field of Halal awareness for customers to gage their intention and welling to buy Halal products within the Middle East region.Originality/valueThe importance of this study exists in the lack of previous Halal-related studies in the Palestinian context and the previously described gap in the literature. Nevertheless, the quality management drivers and impact are limited in the Palestinian context compared with other contexts; the results of the previously published studies revealed mixed results such as the drivers of quality management are based on the type of business. Finally, this research gives small insights and directions toward conducting additional studies concerning customer awareness about Halal products.
Exploring the possibilities and challenges in developing the Japanese qualifications framework
Authors: Noda Ayaka 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThis study aims to examine the rationales for and obstacles to developing a national qualifications framework (NQF) in Japan. From a research perspective, it attempts to propose a model of a qualifications framework in the national context to provoke further political discussion in developing the Japanese Qualifications Framework (JQF).Design/methodology/approachTo propose a possible model of a qualifications framework in the Japanese context, this study employs a qualitative document analysis approach to known NQFs. Next, based on documents and the literature, including government data and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s Tokyo Convention (2011a, b), this study analyzes the motives and challenges in developing the JQF.FindingsJapanese motives to develop the JQF can be summarized in four conditions: (a) International expectations along with the Tokyo Convention and establishment of the National Information Center, (b) avoiding qualification holders’ disadvantages in mobility, (c) quality assurance of qualifications with a competence-based approach and (d) lifelong learning by promoting recognition of diverse learning. The challenges in developing the JQF are (a) fitness with the traditional employment system and (b) multiple stakeholders’ involvement. The current priority in developing an NQF in Japan is to make educational qualification information “visible” based on legal grounds, particularly entrance requirements, to facilitate mobility.Originality/valueThis study explores the possibility of the JQF by summarizing the background and roles of NQFs worldwide and clarifying the motives and challenges for developing the JQF. This study provides suggestions for the possible qualifications framework model in the Japanese context from academic and practical perspectives in Japan, where official discussions on establishing an NQF have not progressed. Ensuring the international compatibility of qualifications so that qualification holders can smoothly take the next step in their studies and employment is important.
The effects of Instagram social capital, brand identification and brand trust on purchase intention for small fashion brands: the generational differences
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Leung Xi Yu , McKneely Brittany 
Published: February 2023

PurposeUsing social capital theory as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this study is to examine if shared value, the norm of reciprocity and social bonding within a small fashion brand's Instagram page transfers to the overall perception and purchase intention toward the brand. Further, the authors test perceived benefit (i.e. perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment) as anteceding variables along with the social capital variables. More specifically, this study investigates (1) the influence of shared value and norm of reciprocity on social bonding on the Instagram page, (2) the influence of perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment on social bonding on the Instagram page, (3) the mediating effect of brand trust and brand identification on the relationship between social bonding and purchase intention and (4) and the moderating role of the generational cohort on the hypothesized relationships.Design/methodology/approachThrough an online survey, 599 usable data were collected to test the proposed research framework using partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results identify significant influences of shared value, norm of reciprocity and perceived enjoyment on social bonding. Brand identification and brand trust both have significant mediating effects between social bonding and purchase intention. Further, the results show that the mediating effect of brand trust is significantly higher for Generation Y, while the mediating effect of brand identification is significantly higher for Generation Z.Originality/valueThe study findings provide important implications for small fashion brands operating in a social media realm.