bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AgO@InGaZnO4 composites for environmental photocatalysis
Authors: Yang Jia , Liu Miaomiao , Liao Lingshan , Li Yan , Wang Huijun , Huang Huisheng , Jiang Pengfei , Sun Xiaorui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe reported AgO@InGaZnO4 as a novel photocatalyst for environmental photocatalysis. X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, fluorescence spectroscopy, fourier infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectrons spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests were utilized to identify the composition, chemical valence states, morphology, and photocatalytic potential of AgO@InGaZnO4. In the experiments of photo‐reduction Cr(VI) ion and photodegradation Rhodamine B (RhB) reactions, the kinetic constants of AgO@InGaZnO4 samples are 1.7 and 7.1 times of the parent, respectively. The analysis of photocatalytic mechanism indicates that AgO acts as an electron trap to promote photogenerated charge separation and enhance photocatalytic performance. Moreover, AgO also plays an important role in the adsorption of the catalyzed substrate in the composite.
Novel Benzimidazol‐2‐Thione Derivatives: Synthesis, In Vitro Anticancer, Antimicrobial Activities, And In Silico Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Duy Tuy Ha Ngo , Phuong Truong , Van Cuong Nguyen , Nguyen Minh An Tran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA series of derivative benzimidazol‐2‐thione compounds (2 a–2 l) had been synthesized, screened for their antimicrobial activities by dish diffusion and dilution assays, anti‐tumor against breast, rhabdomyosarcoma, and liver human cancer cell lines via MTT assay, followed by carrying out in silico docking model. Entries 2 i–2 j, 2 l, and 2 g are novel compounds, among them, compound 2i manifested the highest antibacterial activity against both Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis; meanwhile, entries 2 i–2 j and 2 l showed significant antifungal activity toward Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum gypseum. Through in vitro approach, entry 2 i is the best derivative against human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. Additionally, via in silico approach, entry 2 i reasonably explained drug delivery ligand against bacterium Streptococcus faecalis, moreover, entries 2 i–2 j and 2 l showed excellent antifungal activity, explained via enzyme inhibition mechanism against 2VF5. In silico, 2 i was proved to inhibit against sarcoma cancer cell line.
Design, Vibrational and Fluorescence Spectroscopic Properties, and Molecular Docking Studies of 3‐(5‐Bromobenzofuran‐3‐ylmethyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4H‐[1,2,4]‐triazole by Experimental and Density Functional Theory Methods
Authors: Khemalapure Seema S. , Hiremath Sudhir M. , Basanagouda Mahantesha M. , Hiremath Chidanandayya S. , Koppal Varsha V. , Jeyaseelan S. Christopher 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, we have reported the spectral and several other properties of 3‐(5‐bromobenzofuran‐3‐ylmethyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐4H‐[1,2,4]triazole (BBT) molecule. Primarily, the experimental and computational analyses have been conducted for this molecule and compared the results. The computational studies have been conducted by Gaussian software with the help of DFT/B3LYP/6‐311++G (d, p) basis set. First, we have optimised BBT molecule to conduct the overall computational studies. The detailed computational and experimental vibrational analyses of BBT have been carried out. The electronic absorption and emission spectra of BBT have been observed in a variety of solvents with different solvent parameters like refractive index n, and dielectric constant ϵ. In solvatochromic studies, bathochromic (red) shift have observed in the absorption and emission spectra as an outcome of solute‐solvent interaction due to π →
transition. The solvent correlation methods experimentally investigated for the ground and excited‐state dipole moments. Along with these studies, we have also conducted Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analyses. Further, Molecular docking and drug likeness studies have also been performed to determine the pharmacological properties of the title molecule.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbonate Derivatives
Authors: Itage Shivanand V. , Jadhav Krishna A. , Bhosle Siddhanath D. , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Singh Yadav Jillu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present work provides a simple and mild method towards the synthesis of carbonate derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. For various aliphatic and substituted aromatic alcohols the current carbonate formation protocol is suitable. With aliphatic alcohols, Zn‐mediated C−O bond formation occurs in 5 h, whereas with aromatic alcohols, it occurs in 11 h. The utility of zinc dust exhibits a 57–86 % yield of carbonates. Significant advantages of this method including environmentally friendly reaction conditions and the ability to tolerate a wide range of functional groups.
Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines as Potential Antibacterial Agents: In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Sanad Sherif M. H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to establish two new series of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines starting from 1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diamine. The first series was prepared by reacting 1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diamine with the appropriate enaminones in pyridine at 120 °C for 5–6 h to produce 7‐arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines in 87–94 % yields. Furthermore, α,β‐unsaturated ketones was reacted with 1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diamine in ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution at 80 °C for 4 h to produce a second series of regioisomeric 5,7‐diarylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines in 88–96 % yields. The antibacterial activity of new products was tested against six different bacterial strains. Substituting para‐arene units at C5 and/or C7 on the pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine structure improved efficacy, with electron‐releasing substituents having the greatest impact. Some new pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine were found to be more effective than ciprofloxacin, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values up to 2.2 and 4.4 μM, respectively. These compounds were deemed to have drug‐like properties according to SwissADME and drug‐likeness model scores.
Direct Thiolation of the C(sp3)−H Bond Adjacent to Heteroatoms with Thiols under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Qin Hui , Zhang Yiwen , Huang Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, an operationally facile method for the construction of C−S bond through direct functionalization of C (sp3)−H bond adja‐cent to heteroatoms with thiols has been developed under weakly alkaline conditions. This methodology provides a convenient and efficient strategy to synthesize various aryl thioethers using a cheap and common solvent and base in moderate to good yields. The mechanistic studies indicate that a radical process is possibly involved and the sulfur radical (RS⋅) may be a reactive species during the transformations.
Quantitative Analysis of Mitochondrial RNA in Living Cells with a Dual‐Color Imaging System
Authors: Chen Zhiyan , Zeng Su , Qian Linghui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccurate quantification and dynamic expression profiling of mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA for short) are critical for illustrating their cellular functions. However, there lack methods for precise detection of mtRNA in situ due to the delivery restrictions and complicated cellular interferences. Herein, a dual‐color imaging system featured with signal amplification and normalization capability for quantitative analysis of specific mtRNA is established. As a proof‐of‐concept example, an enzyme‐free hairpin DNA cascade amplifier fine‐tailored to specifically recognize mtRNA encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) is employed as the signal output module and integrated into the biodegradable mitochondria‐targeting black phosphorus nanosheet (BP‐PEI‐TPP) to monitor spatial‐temporal dynamics of ND6 mtRNA. An internal reference module targeting β‐actin mRNA is sent to the cytoplasm via BP‐PEI for signal normalization, facilitating mtRNA quantification inside living cells with a degree of specificity and sensitivity as high as reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). With negligible cytotoxicity, this noninvasive “RT‐qPCR mimic” can accurately indicate target mtRNA levels across different cells, providing a new strategy for precise analysis of subcellular RNAs in living systems.
Dual Electronic Modulations on NiFeV Hydroxide@FeOx Boost Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yao Haibin , Le Fuhe , Jia Wei , Cao Yali , Sheng Rui , Lu Zhenjiang , Chen Xianhao , Jia Dianzeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNickel‐iron based hydroxides have been proven to be excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts, whereas they are inactive toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which severely limits their large‐scale applications in electrochemical water splitting. Herein, a heterostructure consisted of NiFeV hydroxide and iron oxide supported on iron foam (NiFeV@FeOx/IF) has been designed as a highly efficient bifunctional (OER and HER) electrocatalyst. The V doping and intimate contact between NiFeV hydroxide and FeOx not only improve the entire electrical conductivity of the catalyst but also afford more high‐valence Ni which serves as active sites for OER. Meanwhile, the introduction of V and FeOx reduces the electron density on lattice oxygen, which greatly facilitates desorption of Hads. All of these endow the NiFeV@FeOx/IF with exceptionally low overpotentials of 218 and 105 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2 for OER and HER, respectively. More impressively, the electrolyzer requires an ultra‐low cell voltage of 1.57 V to achieve 100 mA cm−2 and displays superior electrochemical stability for 180 h, which outperforms commercial RuO2||Pt/C and most of the representative catalysts reported to date. This work provides a unique route for developing high‐efficiency electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Moiré‐Pattern Modulated Electronic Structures of GaSe/HOPG Heterostructure
Authors: Li Wenhui , Gao Qian , Wang Yu , Cheng Peng , Zhang Yi‐Qi , Feng Baojie , Hu Zhenpeng , Wu Kehui , Chen Lan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConventional two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) typically occurs at the interface of semiconductor heterostructures and noble metal surfaces, but it is scarcely observed in individual 2D semiconductors. In this study, few‐layer gallium selenide (GaSe) grown on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is demonstrated using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), revealing that the coexistence of quantum well states (QWS) and 2DEG. The QWS are located in the valence bands and exhibit a peak feature, with the number of quantum wells being equal to the number of atomic layers. Meanwhile, the 2DEG is located in the conduction bands and exhibits a standing‐wave feature. Additionally, monolayer GaSe/HOPG heterostructures with different stacking angles (0°, 33°, 8°) form distinct moiré patterns that arise from lattice mismatch and angular rotation between adjacent atomic layers in 2D materials, which effectively modulate the electron effective mass, charge redistribution, and band gap of GaSe. Overall, this work reveals a paradigm of band engineering based on layer numbers and moiré patterns that can modulate the electronic properties of 2D materials.
Thin‐walled concrete beams with stay‐in‐place flexible formworks and integrated textile shear reinforcement
Authors: Lee Minu , Mata‐Falcón Jaime , Popescu Mariana , Kaufmann Walter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThin‐walled textile‐reinforced concrete beams have recently emerged as a promising approach for material‐efficient design. However, the increased complexity of the formwork is a major challenge in implementing such elements for broader use in the construction industry. This study presents a novel type of stay‐in‐place flexible formworks with integrated textile reinforcement. The use of weft‐knitted textiles allows the integration of continuous high‐strength rovings as shear reinforcement and the introduction of spatial features within the fabric to guide bending‐active rods to shape the complex cross‐section geometry. The manufacturing procedure and the structural performance were investigated in an experimental campaign consisting of four concrete beams with I‐profile cross sections tested in three‐point bending, where aramid rovings were used for the shear and conventional deformed steel bars for the flexural reinforcement. The transverse reinforcement ratio proved to be essential in increasing the shear strength. Thereby, the use of digital image correlation measurements of the surface deformations allowed the direct assessment of the strains and, thus, the mechanical activation of the textile reinforcement. The full tensile capacity of all the aramid rovings crossing the governing crack could not be exploited due to the brittle material behavior, resulting in a progressive failure once the first roving reached its tensile strength. Compatibility‐based stress fields were used to predict the load‐deformation and failure behavior of the tested beams, which resulted in an excellent agreement of the ultimate loads and failure modes obtained from the model with the observations and results from the experiments.
The perception of felid welfare by zookeepers in North America and the implications for zoo managers
Authors: Ogle Brian , DeSmet Annabel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractZookeepers working with felids were asked to complete an online survey to examine their perceptions of animal welfare. A total of 121 zookeepers in an AZA‐accredited zoo completed the survey. Results from this study suggest that institutional offerings of professional development programming in animal welfare have the greatest potential to influence zookeeper perceptions of animal welfare. Participants also identified four areas of improvement for felid welfare, including 1) larger and more dynamic spaces, 2) increased attention to behavioral husbandry, 3) more unique diet presentations, and 4) the ability for the animal to remain out of the view of the public. In addition, there appear to be differences in perception between traditionally described “small cat” and “large cat” keepers in terms of the ability to deliver the Five Freedoms.
Working (and Living) During Corona Times and Implications for Planning and Mobility—The Case of Norway
Authors: Di Marino Mina , Chavoshi Seyed Hossein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has relatively affected the Norwegian context and other Nordic countries (except for Sweden), considering the prudential authorities and policies adopted during the various waves of the virus. The capacity for remote working and high flexibility of working (already observed before the pandemic) have contributed to adapt to the changes. In this context, the study aims to explore the ways of working and living during the Corona Times and the implications for planning and mobility in Norway, considering the short-medium and long-term effects of the pandemic. First, the study presents an overview of the main impacts of the pandemic in the Nordic countries (such as mortality, labour market and absence from work, including the closure of workplaces), and second, it focuses on Norway, in light of the national measures. Then, the working related trends (for example, growth of demand of new working spaces and the increased number of workers in the public libraries) are discussed, as well as the major implications for our cities, such as new housing demands, commuting habits and transportation modes. Finally, an overview of the current debate within the Norwegian society shows the high interests of planners, other experts, and media in understanding the future of work, such as hybrid forms, new jobs, working remotely (but from where?).
Displaced or invisible? ALPs from B decays at Belle II
Authors: Ferber T. , Filimonova A. , Schäfer R. , Westhoff S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
At colliders, neutral long-lived particles can be detected through displaced decay products or as missing energy. Which search strategy is better depends on the particle’s decay length just as on the detector properties. We investigate the complementarity of displaced and invisible signatures for the Belle II experiment. Focusing on axion-like particles a produced from meson decays, we present a new search strategy for two-body decays "Image missing" with missing energy "Image missing". With 50 ab−1 of data, Belle II can probe light invisible resonances with branching ratio $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
(B+→ K+a) ≳ 10−7 and decay length cτa ≳ 1 m. For axion-like particles, we expect the sensitivity of "Image missing" to small couplings to improve by up to two orders of magnitude compared to previous searches at collider and fixed-target experiments. For sub-GeV particles, "Image missing" at Belle II and searches at beam-dump experiments are most sensitive; for heavier particles, searches for displaced vertices at Belle II, long-lived particle experiments at the LHC, and future fixed-target experiments can probe the smallest couplings.
Long-lived particle phenomenology in the 2HDM+a model
Authors: Haisch Ulrich , Schnell Luc 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Higgs decays displaced from the primary interaction vertex represent a striking experimental signature that is actively searched for by the ATLAS, CMS and LHCb collaborations. We point out that signals of this type appear in the context of the 2HDM+a model if the mixing angle θ of the two CP-odd weak spin-0 eigenstates is tiny and the dark matter (DM) sector is either decoupled or kinematically inaccessible. Utilising two suitable benchmark scenarios, we determine the constraints on the parameter space of the 2HDM+a model that are set by the existing LHC searches for long-lived particles (LLPs) in Higgs decays. We find that depending on the precise mass spectrum of the spin-0 states, mixing angles θ in the ballpark of a few 10−8 to 10−5 can be excluded based on LHC Run II data. This finding emphasises the unique role that searches for displaced signatures can play in constraining the parameter space of the 2HDM+a model. The ensuing DM phenomenology is also discussed. In particular, we show that parameter choices leading to an interesting LLP phenomenology can simultaneously explain the DM abundance observed in today’s Universe.
On SYK traversable wormhole with imperfectly correlated disorders
Authors: Nosaka Tomoki , Numasawa Tokiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the phase structure of two Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models (L-system and R-system) coupled by a simple interaction, with imperfectly correlated disorder. When the disorder of the two systems is perfectly correlated, $$ {J}_{i_1\cdots {i}_q}^{(L)}={J}_{i_1\cdots {i}_q}^{(R)} $$

J

i
1

⋯

i
q

L

=

J

i
1

⋯

i
q

R

, this model is known to exhibit a phase transition at a finite temperature between the two-black hole phase at high temperature and the traversable wormhole phase at low temperature. We find that, as the correlation $$ \left\langle {J}_{i_1\cdots {i}_q}^{(L)}={J}_{i_1\cdots {i}_q}^{(R)}\right\rangle $$

J

i
1

⋯

i
q

L

=

J

i
1

⋯

i
q

R

is decreased, the critical temperature becomes lower. At the same time, the transmission between the L-system and R-system in the low-temperature phase becomes more suppressed, while the chaos exponent of the whole system becomes larger. Interestingly we also observe that when the correlation is smaller than some q-dependent critical value the phase transition completely disappears in the entire parameter space. At zero temperature, the energy gap becomes larger as we decrease the correlation. We also use a generalized thermofield double state as a variational state. Interestingly, this state coincides with the ground state in the large q limit.
Oligodendrogliomas tend to infiltrate the frontal aslant tract, whereas astrocytomas tend to displace it
Authors: Landers M. J. F. , Brouwers H. B. , Kortman G. J. , Boukrab I. , De Baene W. , Rutten G. J. M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
MR-tractography is increasingly used in neurosurgical practice to evaluate the anatomical relationships between glioma and nearby subcortical tracts. In some patients, the subcortical tracts seem displaced by the glioma, while in other patients, the subcortical tracts seem infiltrated without displacement. At this point, it is unknown whether these different patterns are related to tumor type. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate whether tumor type is related to the spatial tractography pattern of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) in low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Methods
In 64 IDH-mutated LGG patients, the FAT was generated using a pipeline for automatic tractography. In 41 patients, the glioma adjoined the FAT, and four blinded reviewers independently assessed the following two dichotomous categories (yes/no): (i) glioma displaces the tract, and (ii) glioma infiltrates the tract.

Results
Fisher’s exact tests demonstrated strong and significant positive associations between displacement and astrocytomas (p = .002, φ = .497) and infiltration and oligodendrogliomas (p = .004, φ = .484). The interobserver agreement was good for both categories: (i) κ = 0.76 and (ii) κ = 0.71.

Conclusion
High sensitivity but low specificity for displacement in astrocytomas demonstrates that in the case of an astrocytoma, the tract is most likely displaced, but that displacement in itself is not necessarily predictive for astrocytomas, as oligodendrogliomas may both infiltrate and displace a tract. Overall, these results demonstrate that oligodendrogliomas tend to infiltrate the nearby subcortical tract, whereas astrocytomas only tend to displace it.
Risk factors for the development of tuberculosis among the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siddalingaiah Nayana , Chawla Kiran , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Hazra Druti 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPediatric tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children due to high transmission, poor diagnostic tools, and various respiratory diseases mimicking TB. Identifying risk factors will provide evidence for clinicians to strongly relate their diagnosis to the associated pathology. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, systematically reviewed, and meta-analyzed for various risk factors and their association with pediatric TB. Meta-analysis depicted that four out of eleven risk factors were significant—contact with known TB cases (OR 6.42 [3.85,10.71]), exposure to smoke (OR 2.61 [1.24, 5.51]), overcrowding in the houses (OR 2.29 [1.04, 5.03]), and, poor household conditions (OR 2.65 [1.38, 5.09]). Although significant odds ratio estimates were obtained, we observed heterogeneity in the studies included. Conclusion: The study findings demand the constant screening of risk factors such as contact with known TB cases, exposure to smoke, overcrowding, and, poor household conditions for the development of pediatric TB.

What is Known:• Knowledge of the risk factors of a disease is of utmost importance in the planning and institution of its control measures. Well-established risk factors in the occurrence of TB in the pediatric group are HIV positivity, older age and close contact with a known case of TB.

What is New:• In addition to what is already known; this review and meta-analysis has identified exposure to indoor smoking, overcrowding and poor household conditions as important risk factors for developing pediatric TB.• Implications of the study: The findings highlight that in addition to routine contact screening for the pediatric group, the children living in poor household conditions and getting exposed to passive indoor smoking demand more attention to prevent the development of pediatric TB.