bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Covid‐19 lockdown affect pain and anxiety in high school seniors and high school graduates preparing for the university exam?
Authors: Bayrak Gökhan , Özdemir Hatice , Aslan Ummuhan Baş , Yağcı Nesrin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether the Covid‐19 lockdown affect pain, exam anxiety and general anxiety in students preparing for university exam. A total of 364 students were divided into groups as high school seniors (HS, n = 241) and high school graduates (HG, n = 123). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for neck and low‐back pain, Beck Anxiety Inventory for general anxiety, Exam Anxiety Scale (EAS) for exam anxiety were used. Both groups showed high level of exam anxiety and generalized anxiety (p < .05). After Covid‐19, neck and low‐back pain rates, and VAS pain scores of both groups increased (p < .05). Neck pain before Covid‐19 and neck and low‐back pain after Covid‐19 were higher in female students than males (p < .05). The Covid‐19 lockdown negatively affected the neck and low‐back pain level, exam anxiety and general anxiety of both HS and high school graduate students. We suggest that community healthcare services should regard physiotherapy and rehabilitation interventions to treat students with neck and low‐back pain via exercise strategies. Psychological and emotional support also could be provided to reduce students' general anxiety and exam anxiety. Future studies should establish the consider menstrual cycle status in female students, and the computer‐using time of students.
Supportive interventions for family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Becqué Yvonne N. , van der Wel Maaike , Aktan‐Arslan Muzeyyen , Driel Anne Geert van , Rietjens Judith A. C. , van der Heide Agnes , Witkamp Erica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveFamily caregivers are often intensively involved in palliative and end‐of‐life cancer care. A variety of interventions to support family caregivers have been developed, differing in target population, modality, and components. We aimed to systematically examine characteristics and the effectiveness of interventions to support family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Cinahl. This review included quantitative studies published from January 2004 until January 2020 reporting on interventions to support family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer in all care settings.ResultsOut of 7957 titles, 32 studies were included. Twenty‐two studies were randomized controlled trials. Interventions were delivered to four target populations: individual family caregivers (n = 15), family caregiver‐patient dyads (n = 11), families (n = 2) and peer groups (n = 4). Most interventions (n = 26) were delivered face‐to‐face or by phone, two were delivered online. Most interventions included multiple components and were primarily aimed at supporting family caregivers' self‐care. Twenty‐nine interventions were shown to have beneficial effects on family caregiver outcomes, mostly in the psycho‐emotional (n = 24), daily functioning (n = 13) and social dimension (n = 6). Individual interventions were mainly effective in the psycho‐emotional dimension, dyad and family interventions in the psycho‐emotional and social domain, and group interventions mainly had an effect on daily functioning.ConclusionsInterventions to support family caregivers in advanced cancer care vary widely. Most intervention studies reported beneficial effects for the wellbeing of family caregivers. There is evidence that the target group is associated with beneficial effects on different outcome dimensions.
AlphaFold predicts novel human proteins with knots
Authors: Perlinska Agata P. , Niemyska Wanda H. , Gren Bartosz A. , Bukowicki Marek , Nowakowski Szymon , Rubach Pawel , Sulkowska Joanna I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fact that proteins can have their chain formed in a knot is known for almost 30 years. However, as they are not common, only a fraction of such proteins is available in the Protein Data Bank. It was not possible to assess their importance and versatility up until now because we did not have access to the whole proteome of an organism, let alone a human one. The arrival of efficient machine learning methods for protein structure prediction, such as AlphaFold and RoseTTaFold, changed that. We analyzed all proteins from the human proteome (over 20,000) determined with AlphaFold in search for knots and found them in less than 2% of the structures. Using a variety of methods, including homolog search, clustering, quality assessment, and visual inspection, we determined the nature of each of the knotted structures and classified it as either knotted, potentially knotted, or an artifact, and deposited all of them in a database available at: https://knotprot.cent.uw.edu.pl/alphafold. Overall, we found 51 credible knotted proteins (0.2% of human proteome). The set of potentially knotted structures includes a new complex type of a knot not reported in proteins yet. That knot type, denoted 63 in mathematical notation, would necessitate a more complex folding path than any knotted protein characterized to date.
Diagnostic performance of microUltrasound at MRI‐guided confirmatory biopsy in patients under active surveillance for low‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Maffei Davide , Fasulo Vittorio , Avolio Pier Paolo , Saitta Cesare , Paciotti Marco , De Carne Fabio , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Pasini Luisa , De Zorzi Silvia Zandegiacomo , Saita Alberto , Hurle Rodolfo , Lazzeri Massimo , Guazzoni Giorgio Ferruccio , Casale Paolo , Buffi Nicolò Maria , Lughezzani Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundActive surveillance (AS) represents a standard of care of low‐risk prostate cancer (PCa). However, the identification and monitoring of AS candidates remains challenging. Microultrasound (microUS) is a novel high‐resolution imaging modality for transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). We explored the impact of microUS TRUS and targeted biopsies in mpMRI‐guided confirmatory biopsies.MethodsBetween October 2017 and September 2021, we prospectively enrolled 100 patients scheduled for MRI‐guided confirmatory biopsy at 1 year from diagnosis of ISUP 1 PCa. TRUS was performed using the ExactVu microUS system; PRI‐MUS protocol was applied to identify suspicious lesions (i.e., PRIMUS score ≥ 3). All patients received targeted biopsies of any identified microUS and mpMRI lesions and complementary systematic biopsies. The proportion of patients upgraded to clinically significant PCa (defined as ISUP ≥ 2 cancer; csPCa) at confirmatory biopsies was determined, and the diagnostic performance of microUS and mpMRI were compared.ResultsNinety‐two patients had a suspicious MRI lesion classified PI‐RADS 3, 4, and 5 in respectively 28, 16, and 18 patients. MicroUS identified 82 patients with suspicious lesions, classified as PRI‐MUS 3, 4, and 5 in respectively 20, 50, and 12 patients, while 18 individuals had no lesions. Thirty‐four patients were upgraded to ISUP ≥ 2 cancer and excluded from AS. MicroUS and mpMRI showed a sensitivity of 94.1% and 100%, and an NPV of 88.9% and 100%, respectively, in detecting ISUP ≥ 2 patients. A microUS‐mandated protocol would have avoided confirmatory biopsies in 18 patients with no PRI‐MUS ≥ 3 lesions at the cost of missing four upgraded patients.ConclusionsMicroUS and mpMRI represent valuable imaging modalities showing high sensitivity and NPV in detecting csPCa, thus allowing their use for event‐triggered confirmatory biopsies in AS patients. MicroUS offers an alternative imaging modality to mpMRI for the identification and real‐time targeting of suspicious lesions in AS patients.
Exploration of the binding of antifungal drugs to human P450 2C9 based on docking and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Cai Juan , Shi Rongwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAzole compounds, commonly used antifungal agents for the treatment of systemic fungal infections, have been confirmed to show inhibition to some P450 enzymes. However, the potential inhibition or interaction mechanism is elusive. Here, the detailed interaction between first‐generation antifungal agents (miconazole, and its derivatives fluconazole and voriconazole) and CYP2C9 are studied using docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. Docking results show that azoles are mainly located in the cavity formed by helices A, F, I, and heme group. MD results indicate flu‐1 and vor‐2 undergo large conformational changes mediated by inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds), while other azole conformations exhibit low flexibility in the active site. Interestingly, one water (W7255) joins the interaction between flu‐1 and N204, implying the significance of water in regulating the binding of fluconazole. MM‐GBSA analysis manifests that miconazole possesses highest binding affinity compared to fluconazole and voriconazole, which agrees well with previous reports. Moreover, the per‐residue decomposition suggests that the favorable interactions are dominated by ΔGvdW and ΔGnonpl between azoles and residues (V113/F114, I205/L208, A297/E300/T301, F476/A477) and ΔGvdW should be further ascribed to CH⋯Cl, CH⋯N, CH⋯O and CH⋯π interactions.
Adaptive global prescribed performance tracking control of uncertain robotic systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Li Kun , Zhao Kai , Jia Xiaojuan , Gao Ruizhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we develop an adaptive global prescribed performance tracking control scheme for nonlinear multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) robotic systems in the presence of unknown control directions and nonparametric uncertainties, in which the proposed solution mainly includes the following steps. Firstly, by constructing a global prescribed performance function, together with a series of transformations, the corresponding control guarantees the position tracking error evolves strictly within the prespecified region for all time, which is independent of initial conditions; Secondly, in order to cope with the problem of multiple unknown control directions, we make use of a symmetric matrix lemma to convert the underlying problem from matrix form to scalar form, so that the Nussbaum‐gain lemma for SISO systems becomes effective for MIMO systems with multiple inputs; In addition, we employ the integrable function to handle the nonparametric uncertainties, enabling the control scheme with the capability to drive the tracking error toward zero asymptotically. The effectiveness of the proposed control is validated via a two‐link rigid robotic manipulator.
Event‐triggered finite‐time control for a constrained robotic manipulator with flexible joints
Authors: Feng Yanghe , Kong Linghuan , Zhang Zhongyi , Liu Ruijun , Cheng Guangquan , Yu Xinbo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the article, an event‐triggered control policy is developed for a robotic manipulator with flexible joint (RMFJ) in the presence of finite‐time convergence under the requirement of output constraints. Due to the vibration existing in the flexible joint, compared with the rigid manipulator, it is exceedingly difficult for RMFJ to design an adaptive method for realizing highly accurate control. In order to reduce and restrain the vibration of the flexible joint, a finite‐time convergence policy is designed by introducing the fractional order term. Moreover, the angular displacements of the link are constrained in the predefined region by using the Barrier function, which further enhances the operation safety. Neural networks learning is used to approximate unknown model parameters. Event‐trigger design is used to reduce the communication burden.
State observer‐based predictive proportional‐integral tracking control for fuzzy input time‐delay systems
Authors: Sakthivel R. , Shobana N. , Priyanka S. , Kwon O.M. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis study emphasis on the problem of state tracking and disturbance attenuation for Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy based model with input time‐delay via improved extended state observer based predictive proportional‐integral tracking control. To be precise, a predictive proportional‐integral tracking controller is formulated by implementing the Smith‐Predictor strategy to restrain the influence of input time‐delay. Then, with the aid of improved extended state observer, the lumped disturbance is estimated and it is combined with the predictive proportional‐integral tracking control for disturbance attenuation. Further, closed‐loop control‐system is considered to ensure the satisfactory state tracking results for the considered system regardless of time‐delay in the control input and lumped disturbances. Meanwhile, based on the Lyapunov theory approach, the stability criteria for the proposed system are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities following which the gain matrices are derived. Finally, in order to evident the supremacy of the proffered control system, two numerical simulation results are provided.
Rapid Visible Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Using Hybridization Chain Reaction‐Sensitized Magnetic Nanoclusters and Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Lee Hyo , Lee Sojeong , Park Chaewon , Yeom Minjoo , Lim Jong‐Woo , Vu Thi Thu Hang , Kim Eunjung , Song Daesub , Haam Seungjoo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is a severe and persistent threat to the global swine industry. As there are no vaccines against ASFV, there is an immense need to develop easy‐to‐use, cost‐effective, and rapid point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostic platforms to detect and prevent ASFV outbreaks. Here, a novel POC diagnostic system based on affinity column chromatography for the optical detection of ASFV is presented. This system employs an on‐particle hairpin chain reaction to sensitize magnetic nanoclusters with long DNA strands in a target‐selective manner, which is subsequently fed into a column chromatography device to produce quantitatively readable and colorimetric signals. The detection approach does not require expensive analytical apparatus or immobile instrumentation. The system can detect five genes constituting the ASFV whole genome with a detection limit of ≈19.8 pm in swine serum within 30 min at laboratory room temperature. With an additional pre‐amplification step using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the assay is successfully applied to detect the presence of ASFV in 30 suspected swine samples with 100% sensitivity and specificity, similar to quantitative PCR. Thus, this simple, inexpensive, portable, robust, and customizable platform for the early detection of ASFV can facilitate the timely surveillance and implementation of control measures.
Combining Highly Dispersed Amorphous MoS3 with Pt Nanodendrites as Robust Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Ke , Zheng Jinyu , Bao Jianchun , Li Yafei , Xu Dongdong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSurface modification of electrocatalysts to obtain new or improved electrocatalytic performance is currently the main strategy for designing advanced nanocatalysts. In this work, highly dispersed amorphous molybdenum trisulfide‐anchored Platinum nanodendrites (denoted as Pt‐a‐MoS3 NDs) are developed as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts. The formation mechanism of spontaneous in situ polymerization MoS42− into a‐MoS3 on Pt surface is discussed in detail. It is verified that the highly dispersed a‐MoS3 enhances the electrocatalytic activity of Pt catalysts under both acidic and alkaline conditions. The potentials at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 (η10) in 0.5 m sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 1 m potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte are −11.5 and −16.3 mV, respectively, which is significantly lower than that of commercial Pt/C (−20.2 mV and −30.7 mV). This study demonstrates that such high activity benefits from the interface between highly dispersed a‐MoS3 and Pt sites, which act as the preferred adsorption sites for the efficient conversion of hydrion (H+) to hydrogen (H2). Additionally, the anchoring of highly dispersed clusters to Pt substrate greatly enhances the corresponding electrocatalytic stability.
TorC1 and nitrogen catabolite repression control of integrated GABA shunt and retrograde pathway gene expression
Authors: Tate Jennifer J. , Rai Rajendra , Cooper Terrance G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite our detailed understanding of how the lower GABA shunt and retrograde genes are regulated, there is a paucity of validated information concerning control of GAD1, the glutamate decarboxylase gene which catalyzes the first reaction of the GABA shunt. Further, integration of glutamate degradation via the GABA shunt has not been investigated. Here, we show that while GAD1 shares a response to rapamycin‐inhibition of the TorC1 kinase, it does so independently of the Gln3 and Gat1 NCR‐sensitive transcriptional activators that mediate transcription of the lower GABA shunt genes. We also show that GABA shunt gene expression increases dramatically in response to nickel ions. The α‐ketoglutarate needed for the GABA shunt to cycle, thereby producing reduced pyridine nucleotides, derives from the retrograde pathway as shown by a similar high increase in the retrograde reporter, CIT2 when nickel is present in the medium. These observations demonstrate high integration of the GABA shunt, retrograde, peroxisomal glyoxylate cycle, and β‐oxidation pathways.
On $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 supersymmetry enhancements in three dimensions
Authors: Assel Benjamin , Tachikawa Yuji , Tomasiello Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We introduce a class of 3d theories consisting of strongly-coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 systems coupled to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 Chern-Simons gauge multiplets, which exhibit $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 enhancements when a peculiar condition on the Chern-Simons levels is met. An example is the SU(N)3 Chern-Simons theory coupled to the 3d TN theory, which enhances to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 when 1/k1 + 1/k2 + 1/k3 = 0. We also show that some but not all of these $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 enhancements can be understood by considering M5-branes on a special class of Seifert manifolds. Our construction provides a large class of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 theories which have not been studied previously.
Conformal freeze-in, composite dark photon, and asymmetric reheating
Authors: Chiu Wen Han , Hong Sungwoo , Wang Lian-Tao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Large classes of dark sector models feature mass scales and couplings very different from the ones we observe in the Standard Model (SM). Moreover, in the freeze-in mechanism, often employed by the dark sector models, it is also required that the dark sector cannot be populated during the reheating process like the SM. This is the so called asymmetric reheating. Such disparities in sizes and scales often call for dynamical explanations. In this paper, we explore a scenario in which slow evolving conformal field theories (CFTs) offer such an explanation. Building on the recent work on conformal freeze-in (COFI), we focus on a coupling between the Standard Model Hypercharge gauge boson and an anti-symmetric tensor operator in the dark CFT. We present a scenario which dynamically realizes the asymmetric reheating and COFI production. With a detailed study of dark matter production, and taking into account limits on the dark matter (DM) self-interaction, warm DM bound, and constraints from the stellar evolution, we demonstrate that the correct relic abundance can be obtained with reasonable choices of parameters. The model predicts the existence of a dark photon as an emergent composite particle, with a small kinetic mixing also determined by the CFT dynamics, which correlates it with the generation of the mass scale of the dark sector. At the same time, COFI production of dark matter is very different from those freeze-in mediated by the dark photon. This is an example of the physics in which a realistic dark sector model can often be much richer and with unexpected features.
Einstein-scalar field solutions in AdS spacetime: clouds, boundary conditions, and scalar multipoles
Authors: Astefanesei Dumitru , Huang Hyat , Kunz Jutta , Radu Eugen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider an Einstein-scalar field model which is a consistent truncation of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 D = 4 gauged supergravity, the scalar field possessing a potential which is unbounded from below and a tachyonic mass above the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound. We investigate the spherically symmetric asymptotically anti-de Sitter soliton and black hole solutions, with the aim of clarifying the asymptotics and the possible boundary conditions at infinity. The emerging picture is contrasted with that found for an Einstein-scalar field model with the same scalar mass and a quartic selfinteraction term. We also provide arguments for the existence of solitonic solutions which can be viewed as non-linear continuation of the (probe) scalar multipolar clouds, with emphasis on the dipole case. Apart from numerical results, exact solutions are found for solitons with a monopole and dipole scalar field, as perturbations around the AdS background.
Mini-twistors and the Cotton double copy
Authors: González Mariana Carrillo , Emond William T. , Moynihan Nathan , Rumbutis Justinas , White Chris D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The double copy relates quantities in gauge, gravity and related theories. A well-known procedure for relating exact classical solutions is the Weyl double copy in four spacetime dimensions, and a three-dimensional analogue of this — the Cotton double copy — has recently been found for topologically massive gauge theory and gravity. In this paper, we use twistor methods to provide a derivation of the position-space Cotton double copy, where this is seen to arise from combining appropriate data in so-called minitwistor space. Our methods rely on a massive generalisation of the Penrose transform linking spacetime fields with cohomology classes in minitwistor space. We identify the relevant transform from the twistor literature, but also show that it naturally arises from considering scattering amplitudes in momentum space. We show that the Cotton double copy in position space is only valid for type N solutions, but that a simple twistor space double copy is possible for non-type N solutions, where we use anyons to illustrate our arguments.
Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide on the Microglia Phenotype in Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kasarełło Kaja , Seta Martyna , Sulejczak Dorota , Snarski Emilian , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, playing a role in the inflammatory process development and resolution, presenting two main phenotypes, pro-inflammatory M1, and anti-inflammatory M2. Therapies affecting the microglia phenotype may be beneficial in treating inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. In our experiments, we used the animal multiple sclerosis model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Rats were treated during the pre- or symptomatic phase of the disease with cyclophosphamide, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and with/without post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Our study aimed to analyze the microglia phenotype in animals subjected to this treatment. The number of M1 cells in the spinal cord, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in the brain were similar in all experimental groups. The differences were observed in M2 cells number and arginase 1 (Arg1) levels, which were decreased in EAE animals, and increased after treatment in the symptomatic phase of EAE, and in the pre-symptomatic phase, but only with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Analysis of gene expression in the brain showed decreased iNOS expression in EAE animals treated in the symptomatic phase of EAE and no differences in Arg1 expression. Results indicate that treatment applied to experimental animals influences the microglia phenotype, promoting differentiation towards M2 cells.