bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration temporarily supports the resilience of sagebrush‐steppe ecosystems subjected to repeated fires
Authors: Power Simon C. , Davies G. Matt , Wainwright Claire E. , Marsh Michael , Bakker Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany ecosystems are experiencing increased fire frequencies and species invasions that can erode their resilience and cause a shift to alternative states. In the sagebrush‐steppe, a semi‐arid shrubland ecosystem in North America, restoration treatments are often implemented following wildfire to enhance their resilience to invasion. However, little is known about the long‐term effectiveness of these treatments. We investigated whether repeated restoration efforts provide greater resilience in sagebrush‐steppe communities initially dominated by species with different post‐fire regeneration traits and subjected to compounding wildfires and invasion byBromus tectorumover 25 years.We studied 37 permanent transects (Columbia Basin, Washington, USA) in which species abundance was recorded multiple times from 1992 to 2017. We quantified community change and its relationship with fire, restoration, and moisture availability. Resilience was evaluated by quantifying community resistance and stability indices.The greatest change occurred in communities where the obligate seeding shrubArtemisia tridentatawas initially common. Repeated fires led to the extirpation of this shrub and eventual dominance ofB. tectorum. Herbicide applications temporarily suppressedB. tectorumpost‐fire. Seeding treatments and above average precipitation initially increased native cover. Although communities where resprouting species were common showed the least change, repeated fires did lead to a gradual but substantial decline (86%) in resprouting shrubs.Synthesis and applications. Our findings show that repeated restoration efforts, together with elevated precipitation, can support native species re‐establishment in systems experiencing altered disturbance regimes and species invasions. Our unique long‐term dataset demonstrates, however, that many such interventions have short‐lived effects due to the strong ‘unhelpful resilience’ of highly invaded systems. This implicitly suggests that many such systems have experienced fundamental shifts in ecosystem state. The likelihood of this occurring is strongly associated with the dominant species post‐fire regeneration traits. We predict that community composition and resilience will continue to degrade in the sagebrush‐steppe unless management prioritizes fire suppression and an adaptive restoration approach that considers resource availability.
A re‐analysis of 150 women's health trials to investigate how the Bayesian approach may offer a solution to the misinterpretation of statistical findings
Authors: Hemming Karla , Melo Pedro , Luo Rong , Taljaard Monica , Coomarasamy Arri 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether a Bayesian interpretation might help prevent misinterpretation of statistical findings and support authors to differentiate evidence of no effect from statistical uncertainty.DesignA Bayesian re‐analysis to determine posterior probabilities of clinically important effects (e.g., a large effect is set at a 4 percentage point difference and a trivial effect to be within a 0.5 percentage point difference). Posterior probabilities greater than 95% are considered as strong statistical evidence, and less than 95% as inconclusive.Sample150 major women's health trials with binary outcomes.Main Outcome MeasuresPosterior probabilities of large, moderate, small and trivial effects.ResultsUnder frequentist methods, 48 (32%) were statistically significant (p‐value ≤ 0.05) and 102 (68%) statistically non‐significant. The frequentist and Bayesian point estimates and confidence intervals showed strong concordance. Of the statistically non‐significant trials (n = 102), the Bayesian approach classified the majority (94, 92%) as inconclusive, neither able to confirm or refute effectiveness. A small number of statistically non‐significant findings (8, 8%) were classified as having strong statistical evidence of an effect.ConclusionsWhilst almost all trials report confidence intervals, in practice most statistical findings are interpreted on the basis of statistical significance, mostly concluding evidence of no effect. Findings here suggest the majority are likely uncertain. A Bayesian approach could help differentiate evidence of no effect from statistical uncertainty.
Review article: Translating STRIDE‐II into clinical reality – Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Dignass Axel , Rath Stefan , Kleindienst Thomas , Stallmach Andreas 
Published: June 2023

SummaryBackgroundWith the introduction of novel therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ‘treat‐to‐target’ strategies are increasingly discussed to improve short‐ and long‐term outcomes in patients with IBD.AimTo discuss opportunities and challenges of a treat‐to‐target approach in light of the current ‘Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease’ (STRIDE‐II) consensusMethodsThe 2021 update of STRIDE‐II encompasses 13 evidence‐ and consensus‐based recommendations for treat‐to‐target strategies in adults and children with IBD. We highlight the potential implications and limitations of these recommendations for clinical practice.ResultsSTRIDE‐II provides valuable guidance for personalised IBD management. It reflects scientific progress as well as increased evidence of improved outcomes when more ambitious treatment goals such as mucosal healing are achieved.ConclusionsProspective studies, objective criteria for risk stratification, and better predictors of therapeutic response are needed to potentially render ‘treating to target’ more effective in the future.
Preferences for labor and childbirth, expressed orally or as a written birth plan: Prevalence and determinants from a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Chantry Anne Alice , Merrer Jade , Blondel Béatrice , Le Ray Camille 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundShared decision‐making is an important component of a patient‐centered healthcare system. We assessed the prevalence of parturients with preferences for their labor and childbirth, expressed verbally in the birthing room or as a written birth plan, and studied maternal, obstetric, and organizational factors associated with their expression.MethodsData came from the 2016 National Perinatal Survey, a cross‐sectional nationwide population‐based survey conducted in France. Preferences for labor and childbirth were studied in three categories: expressed verbally, in writing (birth plan), or unexpressed or nonexistent. Analyses used multinomial multilevel logistic regression.ResultsThe analysis included 11,633 parturients: 3.7% had written a birth plan, 17.3% expressed their preferences verbally, and 79.0% either did not have or did not express any preferences. Compared with the latter group, written or verbal preferences were both significantly associated with prenatal care by independent midwives (respectively, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), [1.59–3.03], and aOR 1.43; 95% CI [1.19–1.71]) and with attendance at childbirth education classes (respectively, aOR 4.99; 95% CI [3.49–7.15], and aOR 2.27; 95% CI [1.98–2.62]). As years in traditional schooling increased, so did its association with preferences. Conversely, parturients from African countries were significantly less likely than French mothers to express preferences. A written birth plan was also associated with characteristics of maternity unit organization.ConclusionOnly one in five parturients reported having expressed preferences for labor and childbirth to healthcare professionals in the birthing room. This expression of preferences was associated with maternal characteristics and the organization of care.
Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid reveals prognostic biomarkers in pediatric status epilepticus
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Li Chunpei , Ma Yu , Zhou Hao , Du Xiaonan , Li Yingfeng , Long Shasha , Ding Yifeng , Lu Guoping , Chen Weiming , Zhou Yuanfeng , Yu Lifei , Wang Ji , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsStatus epilepticus (SE) is the most common neurological emergency in pediatric patients. This study aimed to screen for prognostic biomarkers of SE in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using metabolomics.MethodsUltra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) was conducted to identify prognostic biomarkers in CSF metabolomics by comparing the poor outcome group (N = 13) with the good outcome group (N = 15) of children with SE. Differentially expressed metabolites were identified using Mann–Whitney U test corrected by Benjamini‐Hochberg and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA).ResultsThe PLS‐DA model identified and validated significant metabolic differences between the poor and good outcome groups of children with SE (PLS‐DA with R2Y = 0.992 and Q2 = 0.798). A total of 49 prognosis‐related metabolites were identified. Of these metabolites, 20 including glutamyl‐glutamine, 3‐iodothyronamine, and L‐fucose had an area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 80% in prognostic prediction of SE. The logistic regression model combining glutamyl‐glutamine and 3‐iodothyronamine produced an AUC value of 0.976, with a sensitivity of 0.863 and specificity of 0.956. Pathway analysis revealed that dysregulation of the citrate cycle (TCA) and arginine biosynthesis may contribute to poor SE prognosis.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the prognosis‐related metabolomic disturbances in the CSF of children with SE and identified potential prognostic biomarkers. A prognostic prediction model combining glutamyl‐glutamine and 3‐iodothyronamine with high predictive value was established.
Expression patterns of serum miR‐27a‐3p and activating transcription factor 3 in children with bronchial asthma and their correlations with airway inflammation
Authors: Wang Jingcai , Yang Lixin , Sun Peng , Guo Chunyan , Jin Yuzi , Jing Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionBronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. This study investigated the serum miR‐27a‐3p/activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression in children with BA and their correlations with airway inflammation.MethodsChildren with BA (N = 120) and healthy children (N = 108) were enrolled. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, immunoglobulin E (IgE), miR‐27a‐3p, ATF3, and the number of eosinophils (EOS) were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and an automatic hematology analyzer. The correlations between miR‐27a‐3p and ATF3 and between miR‐27a‐3p/ATF3 and inflammation‐related factors were analyzed by the Pearson method. The diagnostic values of miR‐27a‐3p and ATF3 in BA were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The influencing factors of BA were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Finally, the targeting relation between miR‐27a‐3p and ATF3 was predicted and analyzed by TargetScan and Starbase databases, and dual‐luciferase assay.ResultsThere were significant differences in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)% predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC)%, serum levels of IgE, IL‐17, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, and EOS numbers between healthy children and BA children. Serum miR‐27a‐3p was negatively correlated with ATF3 and positively correlated with inflammation‐related factors in BA children. Serum ATF3 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with inflammatory factors in BA children. miR‐27a‐3p and ATF3 had good diagnostic values in BA children. FEV% predicted, IL‐6, TNF‐α, miR‐27a‐3p, and ATF3 were independent risk factors for BA. miR‐27a‐3p targeted ATF3.ConclusionSerum miR‐27a‐3p was highly expressed, whereas ATF3 was poorly expressed in BA children, and they were significantly correlated with airway inflammation, had good diagnostic values in BA children, and were independent risk factors for asthma.
Frequency‐dependent connectivity in large‐scale resting‐state brain networks during sleep
Authors: Titone Simon , Samogin Jessica , Peigneux Philippe , Swinnen Stephan P. , Mantini Dante , Albouy Genevieve 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFunctional connectivity (FC) during sleep has been shown to break down as non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep deepens before returning to a state closer to wakefulness during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, the specific spatial and temporal signatures of these fluctuations in connectivity patterns remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how frequency‐dependent network‐level FC fluctuates during nocturnal sleep in healthy young adults using high‐density electroencephalography (hdEEG). Specifically, we examined source‐localized FC in resting‐state networks during NREM2, NREM3 and REM sleep (sleep stages scored using a semi‐automatic procedure) in the first three sleep cycles of 29 participants. Our results showed that FC within and between all resting‐state networks decreased from NREM2 to NREM3 sleep in multiple frequency bands and all sleep cycles. The data also highlighted a complex modulation of connectivity patterns during the transition to REM sleep whereby delta and sigma bands hosted a persistence of the connectivity breakdown in all networks. In contrast, a reconnection occurred in the default mode and the attentional networks in frequency bands characterizing their organization during wake (i.e., alpha and beta bands, respectively). Finally, all network pairs (except the visual network) showed higher gamma‐band FC during REM sleep in cycle three compared to earlier sleep cycles. Altogether, our results unravel the spatial and temporal characteristics of the well‐known breakdown in connectivity observed as NREM sleep deepens. They also illustrate a complex pattern of connectivity during REM sleep that is consistent with network‐ and frequency‐specific breakdown and reconnection processes.
Differences in substratum preferences and behaviour within the invasive Corbicula species complex
Authors: Szarmach Daniel , Wiśniewski Kamil , Kobak Jarosław , Kakareko Tomasz , Labecka Anna Maria , Sousa Ronaldo , Poznańska‐Kakareko Małgorzata 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Clams from the Corbicula species complex of Asian origin are invasive all over the world, currently extending their distribution to waters of the natural thermal regime in Central European areas. Features linking the clams to their habitats in newly invaded areas have not been fully examined. These include substratum preferences and mobility, which may be key to determining potential niche overlap with native bivalves and gaining a better knowledge of their potential active dispersal and impact. Therefore, our aim was to determine the substratum preferences, horizontal locomotion and burrowing behaviour of three Corbicula morphospecies from Poland, Central Europe: two populations of undetermined Corbicula sp. from an artificially heated habitat and water of the natural thermal regime (cold water), as well as Corbicula leana, and Corbicula fluminea (from artificially heated and cold water, respectively).
To determine the preferred substratum range, we used pairwise choice tests with a range of muddy, sandy, and gravelly substrata, as well as zebra mussel shells. Then, we conducted behavioural observations (locomotion and burrowing) by CCTV cameras on substrata found as preferred and non‐preferred by clams.
All morphospecies preferred fine‐grained over coarser substrata. C. fluminea from cold water had the widest range of substratum preferences. By contrast, C. leana from artificially heated water and Corbicula sp. from cold water showed the narrowest substratum preferences and spent the longest time deeply burrowed. The longest duration of burrowing activity was noted on non‐preferred coarser substrata, which may indicate difficulties in burrowing. On non‐preferred coarse substrata, C. fluminea (cold water) crawled more than the other morphospecies.
Our results show that sediment preferences and behaviour (burrowing and locomotion) differ among various Corbicula morphospecies in Europe, probably also varying their invasive potential.
This knowledge is important for determining the overlap of habitat preferences of non‐native Corbicula clams with native bivalves, which is critical for determining potential competition strength, impact, and/or displacement. Our results also indicate that habitats with fine sediments could be more threatened by Corbicula invasions.
Hormone therapy in prostate cancer: Understanding patients' and caregivers' supportive care needs
Authors: Uslu Tanış Esra , Uğur Özlem 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch Question
Q1: What are the supportive care needs of individuals with prostate cancer in hormone therapy?
Q2: What are the supportive care needs of individuals who care for prostate cancer patients?
Research ProblemOur study aims to identify the supportive care needs of not only prostate cancer patients receiving hormone therapy, but also their caregivers.Literature ReviewThe literature review of this study was made by scanning the related field studies from the Google database, BNI, and so forth.MethodologyThis is a cross‐sectional definitive study conducted between February and June 2022 in the Shock Wave Lithography Unit (ESWL—where patients are given hormone therapy treatment needles) at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital in Turkey. The study involved 66 prostate cancer patients and 64 caregivers. The sample size was found by power analysis. The data obtained in the study were analysed on the SPSS 25 software package.Results79.9% of the caregivers were female and 43.8% were patients' spouses. 36% of the patients had 80%–90% performance rates on the Karnofsky scale. Due to drug side effects, ±45.1 of patients required support for sexual issues before and after diagnosis, and ±46.27 needed supportive care for water retention. Due to the difficulties experienced in the care process the caregivers; ±40.88 needed family support, and ±21.25 needed social services support (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIt was found that prostate cancer patients receiving hormone therapy and their caregivers had a range of supportive care needs due to the difficulties they faced.
Interaction between ferric carboxymaltose and denosumab causing severe hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia in a patient without chronic kidney disease
Authors: Muhandiramge Jaidyn , Lee Vivian , Tran Monica , Ho Lannie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCoadministration of ferric carboxymaltose and denosumab may cause hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia; however, this interaction is not well‐described in the literature and has typically been described in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We present a case of this interaction in a patient without preexisting CKD. We suggest the use of alternative iron preparations and an interval of at least 4 weeks between administrations.
Dysregulated neutrophil extracellular traps formation in sepsis
Authors: Mulet Maria , Osuna‐Gómez Ruben , Zamora Carlos , Artesero Iris , Arús Marc , Vera‐Artazcoz Paula , Cordón Alejandra , Vilalta Noelia , San‐José Paula , Abril Andrés , Moliné Antoni , Morán Indalecio , López‐Contreras Joaquín , Vidal Silvia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe migration and antimicrobial functions of neutrophils seem to be impaired during sepsis and contribute to the dysregulation of immune responses and disease pathogenesis. However, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) remains to be clarified. The study aimed to analyse sequential phenotypic and functional changes of neutrophils during the time following the diagnosis of sepsis. We prospectively enrolled 49 septic and 18 non‐septic patients from the intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency room (ER) and 20 healthy volunteers (HV). Baseline blood samples from septic and non‐septic patients were collected within 12 h of admission to the hospital. Additional septic samples were drawn at 24, 48 and 72 h after baseline. Neutrophil phenotype and degranulation capacity were assessed by flow cytometry and NET formation was quantified by fluorescence. Neutrophils from septic patients exhibited increased CD66b, CD11b and CD177 expression but displayed reduced NET formation at baseline compared with non‐septic patients and HV controls. Neutrophils expressing CD177 interacted less with platelets, were related to reduced NETosis and tended to indicate a worse sepsis outcome. In vitro experiments revealed that neutrophil function is compromised by the origin of sepsis, including the pathogen type and the affected organ. Assessing a decision tree model, our study showed that CD11b expression and NETosis values are useful variables to discriminate septic from non‐septic patients. We conclude that sepsis induces changes in neutrophil phenotype and function that may compromise the effective capacity of the host to eliminate pathogens.
Visualising COVID‐19: Implications for Design Education
Authors: Chatteur Fiona , Leppens Mieke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on the findings of a visual text analysis of selected infographics and data visualisations used in news websites during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Sydney, Australia. Infographics and data visualisations used in news website articles disseminated and communicated local and national information to the public about the COVID‐19 pandemic and related social implications. For the first time live data, animation and interaction were used in reporting health and societal information to a general news readership, contributing to the knowledge base and visual literacy of the public. The information presented was not only clear but also aesthetically appealing. This paper examines the styles of news digital infographics and data visualisation of three longitudinal studies using lessons learned from Grainger et al. (2016), Dick (2020) and Tufte (2001) and contextualises the context, narrative, aesthetics, communication, data, functionality and examines the collaboration between communication designers, journalists and the development team. The implications for communication design education are explored in the context of skills, tools and teamwork needed for future communication design students.