bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrochloric acid, sodium hypochlorite, and autoclave sterilization on the force characteristics of orthodontic NiTi-closed coils
Authors: Noorollahian Saeed , Khaleghi Amin 
Published: January 2023

Background:
This study presented a cleaning method for orthodontic NiTi-closed coils and evaluated its effect on the force characteristics of these coils.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, 160 orthodontic NiTi-closed coils, 160 orthodontic NiTi-closed coils (9 mm) from two brands G and H and DB, randomly assigned into four groups. Group 1: Three times of immersion in the 10% hydrochloric acid (HCI) solution for 1 min followed by the immersion in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min. Group 2: Three times autoclave sterilization. Group 3: Three times of immersion in 10% HCI solution for 1 min, followed by the immersion in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min and autoclave sterilization. Group 4: No immersion and no sterilization. The forces of coils were measured at 25, 23, 21, 19, and 17 mm extension. To measure the force characteristics of coils, an electromechanical universal testing machine was used. For the statistical analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U-tests were used at 0.05 significance level.

Results:
In G and H coils, no significant differences between the mean forces of different groups were found in any extensions. In DB coils, only in 25 mm extension, there were no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.144). In 17-, 19-, and 21-mm extensions, significant differences (P < 0.001) were found like in 23 mm extension (P = 0.05). In both brands, more extension makes significant more forces statistically (P < 0.01). In all extensions, G and H coils have significant less forces (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Immersion in HCl, 10% for 1 min followed by the immersion in NaOCl, 5.25% for 5 min followed by autoclave sterilization, even three times repeating of this process, did not result in significant changes in the force characteristics of A-NiTi-closed coils.
Clinical Significance of Repeat Fine-Needle Aspiration in Managing Patients with Suppurative Lesion
Authors: Elancheran M , Siva K , Sriram V , Archana V , Ragavendran S 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has been challenged about its role in the management of patients with clinical suspicion of infective or neoplastic etiology but cytological picture showing features of acute suppuration. This study emphasizes the need to perform repeat FNA cytology (FNAC), especially if the mass lesion is indicating suppuration and has not responded to the initial course of antibiotics.

Materials and Methods:
All patients with a previously diagnosed suppurative lesion on cytology smears who have undergone repeat FNA were included in the study. Insufficient material on FNA and the nonavailability of slides were excluded from this study.

Results:
Repeat FNA assisted in the detection of malignant lesions (3), tubercular lesions (20), fungal lesions (9), and benign lesions (9) out of the 123 cases of previously diagnosed acute suppurative lesions. Comparison of FNAC findings with histopathological specimens was available for 52 cases, following which repeat FNA had a sensitivity of 66.67% (95% confidence interval 34.89%-90.08%) in detecting neoplastic, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100%, negative predictive value was 90.91%, and the total diagnostic accuracy was 92.31%.

Conclusion:
Patients with acute suppurative lesions should be followed by repeat FNA, especially if the lesion is not responded to initial antibiotic therapy. Repeat FNA will enhance the diagnostic accuracy of malignant lesions and many other lesions, such as fungal or tubercular infections. It will reduce the need for surgical interventions and molecular detection of infectious diseases.
Low Back Pain Among Nurses as Related to Work Environment
Authors: Osunde Ngozi Rosemary , Nwozichi Chinomso Ugochukwu , Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Sodimu Jaminat Omotade , Olorunfemi Omotayo Mercy 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Low back pain (LBP) is a major problem in the nursing profession and it is been reported that more nurses experience LBP during the nursing practice. Studies show that only 15.9% of nurses had LBP before coming into nursing while 84.5% complained they had LBP after working in the nursing environment.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine factors responsible for low back ache, as related to the work environment in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 2019 to February 2020, with probability sampling to select a sample size (n = 260). Data collected were analyzed using tables; percentages, bivariate analysis, and and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis at 0.05 level of significance, through a statistical package for the social science software.

Results:
Among 260 nurses with backache, 159 (61.15%) were male and most of the participants' ages were between 25 and 34 years, with a mean age of 26.5 (0.37). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that heavy manual lifting (odd ratio [OR] 0.21, 95% confident interval [CI] 0.54–0.73), body posture (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.20–1.08), the length of working shift (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.74–0.86), awkward postures (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.65–1.10), and prolonged standing during nursing care (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.52–1.00) were the major factors for LBP among nurses, with <0.001, 0.001, 0.002, 0.002, and 0.003, respectively.

Conclusions:
The finding implies that all effort should be directed toward policies which have positive effects on proper management of the work environment and other conditions, such as health and safety training. Prevention of work overloads through appropriate work shifting, and the mechanism of body posture should be improved. Furthermore, periodical flexing of feet, knees, and hip is necessary in a condition where there is a need to stand for a long period of time.
Intrapartum Electronic Fetal Monitoring and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Kumari Minakshi , Abraham Anuja , Abraham Kavitha , Navaneethan Preethi , Karuppusami Reka , Sridhar Santhanam , Regi Annie 
Published: January 2023

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the components of cardiotocography (CTG) during labor to identify the variables associated with the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and to ascertain the mode of delivery in these women.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study included 191 women at term with singleton pregnancy in labor. The CTG findings including baseline heart rate, accelerations, beat-to-beat variability, and type and severity of decelerations were noted as per the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification and grouped into Category II or III patterns as per the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development classification. Low APGAR score, cord PH <7, neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were considered adverse neonatal outcomes.

Results:
Persistent fetal tachycardia, poor beat-to-beat variability, and severe variable deceleration showed a significant association with adverse neonatal outcome and delivery by cesarean section (P < 0.05). Adverse neonatal outcomes were noted in 4.2% of babies and 40.9% of babies born to mothers whose CTG was categorized as II and III patterns, respectively (P < 0.001). Birth by cesarean section was significantly different between those with Category II and Category III patterns, 33.7% and 65.4%, respectively (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Reduction in the beat-to-beat variability and presence of severe variable decelerations are independent risks for adverse neonatal outcomes, irrespective of the category of CTG pattern. Category III fetal heart rate pattern shows a significant association with adverse outcomes and risk of cesarean delivery. Grading the Category II patterns may help in identifying variables that are truly associated with acidemia and further research into this is recommended.
Comparative Evaluation of Push-Out Bond Strength of AH-Plus, MTA-Fillapex and Epiphany SE Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Chandarani Sagolsem , Gundappa Mohan , Chowdhary Zoya , Singh Deepika , Swarup Neeti , Mehrotra Shalabh 
Published: January 2023

Background:
A successful root canal (RC) treatment depends upon creation of a fluid impervious seal that is commonly built by using a RC sealer along with gutta-percha. The bond strength of the RC sealer is a hallmark as it will minimize the risk of treatment failure by reducing the possibility of filling detachment from dentin.

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength of AH-Plus and MTA-Fillapex with Gutta-Percha and Epiphany Self Etch/Resilon system using the Universal Testing Machine.

Materials and Method:
About 60 mandibular premolars with single canals were prepared apically with Hyflex CM files upto size #30. Out of total, 20 teeth were obturated with AH-Plus/GP (group 1), 20 with MTA-Fillapex/GP (group 2), and other 20 with Epiphany Self Etch/Resilon system (group 3). Teeth were sectioned into three slices of 2 mm each and were subjected to Universal Testing Machine.

Statistical Analysis:
The data obtained were tabulated and statistically evaluated using SPSS version 21.0 statistical analysis software (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Results:
The mean push-out bond strength was highest for AH–Plus (14.32 MPa) followed by MTA-Fillapex (12.18 MPa) and then Epiphany SE (8.44 MPa). The results were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Significantly, higher push out bond strength was displayed by AH-Plus sealer than MTA-Fillapex and least being Epiphany SE sealer. The push out bond strength was significantly highest at apical third and lowest at coronal third.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among Dental Students and Faculty Members Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines in Dental Colleges of Haryana, India - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chauhan Neha , Manjunath BC , Kumar Jadhav Sachin , Yadav Vipul , Sabbarwal Bhavna , Kumar Adarsh 
Published: January 2023

Aim:
To assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among dental students and faculty members regarding COVID-19 vaccines in dental colleges in Haryana, India.

Objectives:
To assess knowledge level, attitudes, and beliefs differences among BDS, MDS students and faculty members and find association between knowledge and COVID-19 vaccine inoculation among study participants.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among students and faculty members of dental colleges in Haryana, India. Data collection was done via an online questionnaire based on questions to assess the knowledge, attitude and beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccines.

Results:
The present study comprised of 270 study participants, where majority, i.e., 81.5% have reported COVID-19 vaccine inoculation. The mean knowledge score of the participants was reported to be 5.54 ± 2.19. A significant difference was found in the mean knowledge score of faculty members (7.81 ± 1.69), MDS (6.72 ± 1.49), and BDS (4.39 ± 1.68) students. COVID-19 vaccine inoculation was found to be significantly associated with average knowledge score of participants (OR = 6.1, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Dental professionals have an adequate degree of knowledge and attitude level regarding COVID-19 vaccines and are generally optimistic about resolving the pandemic situation with the immunization.
Assessment of Biological Risk among Dentists during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Devaraj Divya K. , Hussain Alikunju Syed Khaja , Murugesan Mohandoss 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The health and life of a healthcare worker are repeatedly under threat due to the rising number of epidemics and pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic is said to be fatal in people with a risky biological, demographic profile and working environment. This study is the first of its kind carried out on the dentist population from India, who were most affected during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims and Objective:
The present study aims to assess the biological risk of dentists based on the objective risk stratification (ORS) tool developed by Strain et al.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of dentists in government dental colleges of Kerala using the online form of the ORS tool consisting of questions which included certain demographic characteristics and comorbid conditions of the individual. An additional question was added to the tool, to categorise the work of the dentist depending on the exposure to aerosol (non-aerosol, minimal aerosol and aerosol).

Results:
Out of the 74 dentists, 48.6% reported high aerosol and 31% with minimal aerosol. The median score of the study participants was 2 (ranging from 1 to 12). Using the ORS tool, 16.2% had medium risk and only 2.7% had high risk. When the ORS tool was stratified with the aerosol generation, 5.4% had minimal and 6.7% had significant with medium-risk scores. Also, 2.7% with a high-risk score had minimal aerosol generation.

Conclusion:
Identifying the high-risk category to allocate duties accordingly and decrease the morbidity and mortality among dentists has to be kept a top priority in the event of a pandemic.
The Effect of Metallic Dental Restorations and Implants in Causing Patient Discomfort and Artefacts During Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head and Neck
Authors: Ashok Aiswarya , Ayyadanveettil Pramodkumar , Devarajan Ellezhuthil , Thavakkara Vinni , Latha Neethu , Saraswathy Arya 
Published: January 2023

Context:
Patients with metallic dental objects in their oral cavity are often associated with discomfort or artefacts during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck.

Aim:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of metallic dental objects in causing patient discomfort and artefacts during MRI of the head and neck region.

Design:
This is an observational study including 538 participants from various specialized MRI centres in Kozhikode.

Methods and Material:
MRI records of 538 participants who underwent head and neck MRI as a part of their medical treatment were collected. With the help of questionnaire and clinical examination, the type of metallic dental object in the patient's oral cavity was identified. After examining the MRI images, four categories of artefacts were established. In MRI brain, artefacts in three different sequences were also studied.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The significance of the difference between proportions was analysed by the Chi-square test.

Results:
Artefacts were found in 65 cases with metallic dental objects but none of the participants had experienced any kind of discomfort. The artefact formation significantly depended on the type of metallic dental restoration in the patient's oral cavity. Orthodontic braces and titanium bone plate created severe artefacts in head and neck MRI making interpretation almost impossible. In the MRI brain, diffusion-weighted imaging is most sensitive to artefact followed by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.

Conclusions:
Artefacts were found in 65 cases with metallic dental restorations but none of the participants had experienced any kind of discomfort.
Multi-Disciplinary Orthodontic Camouflage Treatment of a Severe Skeletal Class III Malocclusion with 1 Year Follow-Up – A Case Report
Authors: Adeni Moina K. , Parameswaran Ratna , Vijayalakshmi Devaki , Sainulabdeen Junaid 
Published: January 2023

Rationale:
Orthodontic camouflage serves its purpose in treating mild to moderate skeletal dysplasia and in conditions where the patient is reluctant to opt for orthognathic surgery or when it is contraindicated.

Patient Concerns:
A 22-year-old male was concerned about his irregular teeth.

Diagnosis:
Angle's dentoalveolar class III malocclusion on class III skeletal on an average mandibular plane angle with anterior crossbite, deep bite, crowding in maxillary and mandibular anteriors, proclined maxillary anteriors and retroclined mandibular anteriors with reverse overjet and congenitally missing 12, 22, palatally impacted 13 and retained deciduous 63 and palatally placed 23.

Treatment:
Orthodontic camouflage with a multi-disciplinary approach.

Outcome:
Optimal functional and dentofacial aesthetics were achieved by 22 months.

Take-Away Lesson:
The limitations of camouflage must be kept in mind and explained to the patient. The biomechanics need to be customized and integrating different specialties helps maximize the treatment benefits.
Burden of Oral Precancer and Cancer among an Indigenous Tribal Population of South India – An Evaluative Study
Authors: Muthanandam Sivaramakrishnan , Babu Bontha V. , Muthu Jananni , Rajaram Suganya , Sundharam B Sivapatha , Kishore M 
Published: January 2023

Context:
Oral cancer is of major concern in the Indian subcontinent and is found to be high among low socioeconomic groups. One such high-risk group is considered to be the tribal people, who are economically and socially marginalised.

Aims:
The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of oral cancer and precancer lesions among the Narikurava population in Puducherry state, India.

Methods and Material:
A total of 329 Narikurava tribal people were included in this study. Data was collected by clinical examination of the oral cavity by door-to-door screening. The oral cavity was examined for white/red lesions, ulcerative changes, leathery changes and tissue growths.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Prevalence was calculated in terms of percentages. Descriptive statistics included the calculation of percentages, mean, and standard deviation.

Results:
The prevalence of precancer in the population is 48.3%. The majority of the lesions were observed in the buccal mucosa: 41.6% had white lesions, 9.1% had red lesions, 0.3% had ulcerations or growth, and 28.3% had leathery changes followed by the labial mucosa: 0.6% had white lesions, 0.6% had red lesions, 0.3% had ulcerations or growth and 16.4% had leathery changes.

Conclusions:
The present study observed a high prevalence of precancerous lesions among the Narikurava tribe. The main reason for the high prevalence is attributed to tobacco and tobacco-related habits. Hence, cancer control activities should be prioritised. Designing a model to detect precancer and cancer early and to constantly monitor the detected cases in such populations is of utmost importance.
Evaluation of Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Vitamin D Binding Protein in Subjects with Clinically Healthy Periodontium and Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Chakravarthy Yashaswini , Mishra Ashank , Krishnan Preeti , Pathakota Krishnajaneya Reddy , Vijaya V , Kamatham Shanthi Naidu 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Advances in oral and periodontal disease diagnostic research are moving towards methods wherein periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures such as bio-markers. Given the roles of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in modulating the immune response and in the transport of vitamin D, it is hypothesised that quantitative changes of vitamin DBP are associated with periodontal disease.

Aim:
The aim of the current study is to measure DBP levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with generalised chronic periodontitis, in comparison to healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional clinico-bio-chemical study includes 30 systemically healthy subjects with 15 periodontally healthy and 15 chronic periodontitis subjects who were recruited from the out-patient Department of Periodontics. GCF and blood samples were collected from all the patients. DBP estimation was performed in both the samples using a commercially available ELISA kit.

Results:
Serum and GCF DBP levels in chronic periodontitis subjects were significantly higher when compared to the periodontally healthy group. There were no significant correlations found among serum and GCF DBP levels with gender and increasing age in both the groups. An increase in disease severity measured by the increase in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss did not show correlation with the GCF and serum DBP levels in the chronic periodontitis group.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings of the present study, increased serum and GCF DBP levels in chronic periodontitis seem to be a probable marker for identifying ongoing periodontal destruction.
Secular Trends in Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Over a Decade in Urban and Rural South Indian Children Integrated with Geographic Information System
Authors: Chanchala HP , Madhu B , Nagaraja Manjunatha S. , Shanbhog Raghavendra 
Published: January 2023

Context:
The globalization in the process most of the rural sectors are also upgrading technically with digitalization with more availability of smart phones and gaming along with the refined food influences on the present-day children is causing a trend of overweight among the children.

Aims:
To arrive at the prevalence of overweight and obesity considering the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) cut-offs for growth standards among children aged 12 years from the rural and urban areas of Mysuru District.

Methods and Material:
The present program was the third large scale community intervention project carried out including the 7 talukas of Mysuru District which focused on the measurement of the Body mass index (BMI). In this phase between the year 2019 and 2020 anthropometric measurements were undertaken in 1602 urban and rural children aged 12 years from government-funded and privately-funded schools of Mysuru District.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The results were analysed statistically using SPSS for Windows (version 23.0) and the t-test, Chi-square test and proportion tests, P value were reported. Results: As per the IAP reference ranges the prevalence of obesity was 5.5% and overweight was 7.1% among children of Mysuru District.

Conclusions:
We report that this increase was significantly higher in girls than boys. There was an increasing trend in rural sectors; however, the obese children were more predominantly distributed among the urban sectors. This calls for a precise preventive measure to fulfil the goal of the World Health Organization (WHO) to control prevalence of childhood obesity by the year 2022.