bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy uncertainty and stock market volatility revisited: The predictive role of signal quality
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Demirer Riza , Gupta Rangan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper provides novel insight into the growing literature on the policy uncertainty‐stock market volatility nexus by examining the out‐of‐sample predictive ability of the quality of political signals over stock market volatility at various forecast horizons. Specifically, we examine whether or not accounting for the signal quality in forecasting models within a mixed frequency framework can improve forecast performance and help achieve economic gains for investors. Both in‐ and out‐of‐sample tests, based on a GARCH‐MIDAS framework, show that the quality of the policy signal matters regarding the predictive role of policy uncertainty over subsequent stock market volatility. While high economic policy uncertainty (EPU) predicts high volatility, particularly when the signal quality is high, the positive relationship between EPU and volatility breaks down when the signal quality is low. The improved out‐of‐sample volatility forecasts obtained from the models that account for the quality of policy signals also help typical mean–variance investors achieve improved economic outcomes captured by higher certainty equivalent returns and Sharpe ratios. Although our results indicate clear distinctions between the US and UK stock markets in terms of how market participants process policy signals, they highlight the role of the quality of policy signals as a driver of volatility forecasts with significant economic implications.
MRAβ: A multimodal MRI‐derived amyloid‐β biomarker for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Xi , Ji Yi , Ding Hao , Suo Xinjun , He Xiaoxi , Xie Yingying , Liang Meng , Zhang Shijie , Yu Chunshui , Qin Wen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFlorbetapir 18F (AV45), a highly sensitive and specific positron emission tomographic (PET) molecular biomarker binding to the amyloid‐β of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is constrained by radiation and cost. We sought to combat it by combining multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and a collaborative generative adversarial networks model (CollaGAN) to develop a multimodal MRI‐derived Amyloid‐β (MRAβ) biomarker. We collected multimodal MRI and PET AV45 data of 380 qualified participants from the ADNI dataset and 64 subjects from OASIS3 dataset. A five‐fold cross‐validation CollaGAN were applied to generate MRAβ. In the ADNI dataset, we found MRAβ could characterize the subject‐level AV45 spatial variations in both AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Voxel‐wise two‐sample t‐tests demonstrated amyloid‐β depositions identified by MRAβ in AD and MCI were significantly higher than healthy controls (HCs) in widespread cortices (p < .05, corrected) and were much similar to those by AV45 (r > .92, p < .001). Moreover, a 3D ResNet classifier demonstrated that MRAβ was comparable to AV45 in discriminating AD from HC in both the ADNI and OASIS3 datasets, and in discriminate MCI from HC in ADNI. Finally, we found MRAβ could mimic cortical hyper‐AV45 in HCs who later converted to MCI (r = .79, p < .001) and was comparable to AV45 in discriminating them from stable HC (p > .05). In summary, our work illustrates that MRAβ synthesized by multimodal MRI could mimic the cerebral amyloid‐β depositions like AV45 and lends credence to the feasibility of advancing MRI toward molecular‐explainable biomarkers.
Numerical investigation of the shell configuration effect on the melting of various phase change materials in the presence of porous medium and non‐Newtonian fluid
Authors: Azarbarzin Touraj , Javaherdeh Kourosh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy considering the ability of phase change materials (PCMs) in the storage of energy, the melting of four types PCMs including RT22, RT26, RT35, and RT41 in a heat exchanger is examined in this research. The impact of various shell cross‐sectional configurations on the complete melting time of materials, temperature changes, and liquid fraction throughout the melting process are presented. It is assumed that the main heat transfer fluid in the tube is non‐Newtonian and the tube is filled with a porous medium. The enthalpy porosity manner is applied for simulating the process of phase change and the heat natural convection and conduction cases are discussed. On the basis of the obtained results, the decrease in complete melting time is about 20% compared with the absence of a porous medium in the circular cross‐section configuration. The shell configuration has a noticeable impact on the reduction of the required time for melting. In the square cross‐section configuration, RT22 has the lowest melting time, as well as RT41 has the longest melting time in the inverted triangular cross‐section configuration in which the maximum time difference for RT22 is about 77% less. So, the best cross‐section for the shortest complete melting time is square.
Research progress of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Zhuang Yi‐Ming , Xu Ji‐Yang , Zheng Kun , Zhang Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is often used in cardiothoracic surgery because its nonphysiological state causes pathophysiological changes in the body, causing multiorgan and multitissue damage to varying degrees. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common central nervous system complication after cardiac surgery. The etiology and mechanism of POCD are not clear. Neuroinflammation, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, cerebral embolism, ischemia, hypoxia, and other factors are related to the pathogenesis of POCD. There is a close relationship between CPB and POCD, as CPB can cause inflammation, hypoxia and reperfusion injury, and microemboli formation, all of which can trigger POCD. POCD increases medical costs, seriously affects patients' quality of life, and increases mortality. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment methods for POCD. Commonly used methods include preoperative health management, reducing inflammation response during surgery, preventing microemboli formation, and implementing individualized rehabilitation programs after surgery. Strengthening preventive measures can minimize the occurrence of POCD and its adverse effects.
Recommended updates to the USEPA Framework for Metals Risk Assessment: Aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Adams William J. , Garman Emily R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 2007, the USEPA issued its “Framework for Metals Risk Assessment.” The framework provides technical guidance to risk assessors and regulators when performing human health and environmental risk assessments of metals. This article focuses on advances in the science including assessing bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems, short- and long-term fate of metals in aquatic ecosystems, and advances in risk assessment of metals in sediments. Notable advances have occurred in the development of bioavailability models for assessing toxicity as a function of water chemistry in freshwater ecosystems. The biotic ligand model (BLM), the multiple linear regression model, and multimetal BLM now exist for most of the common mono- and divalent metals. Species sensitivity distributions for many metals exist, making it possible for many jurisdictions to develop or update their water quality criteria or guidelines. The understanding of the fate of metals in the environment has undergone significant scrutiny over the past 20 years. Transport and toxicity models have evolved including the Unit World Model allowing for estimation of concentrations of metals in various compartments as a function of loading and time. There has been significant focus on the transformation of metals in sediments into forms that are less bioavailable and on understanding conditions that result in resolubilization or redistribution of metals in and from sediments. Methods for spiking sediments have advanced such that the resulting chemistry in the laboratory mimics that in natural systems. Sediment bioavailability models are emerging including models that allow for prediction of toxicity in sediments for copper and nickel. Biodynamic models have been developed for several organisms and many metals. The models allow for estimates of transport of metals from sediments to organisms via their diet as well as their water exposure. All these advances expand the tool set available to risk assessors. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:924–951. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Key Points
Models for measuring bioavailability of common metals in freshwater on a chronic basis are now available. Multiple linear regression models for bioavailability assessment of metals in freshwater have become available. Tools to measure rate of loss of metals from the water column have been developed and are available for risk assessment and metal classification. Models to assess metal bioavailability in sediments are available for copper and nickel and are emerging for other metals.
Deep learning analysis of mid‐infrared microscopic imaging data for the diagnosis and classification of human lymphomas
Authors: Zelger P. , Brunner A. , Zelger B. , Willenbacher E. , Unterberger S. H. , Stalder R. , Huck C. W. , Willenbacher W. , Pallua J. D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study presents an alternative analytical workflow that combines mid‐infrared (MIR) microscopic imaging and deep learning to diagnose human lymphoma and differentiate between small and large cell lymphoma. We could show that using a deep learning approach to analyze MIR hyperspectral data obtained from benign and malignant lymph node pathology results in high accuracy for correct classification, learning the distinct region of 3900 to 850 cm−1. The accuracy is above 95% for every pair of malignant lymphoid tissue and still above 90% for the distinction between benign and malignant lymphoid tissue for binary classification. These results demonstrate that a preliminary diagnosis and subtyping of human lymphoma could be streamlined by applying a deep learning approach to analyze MIR spectroscopic data.
Lactobacillus Reuteri 6475 Prevents Bone Loss in a Clinically Relevant Oral Model of Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis in Male CD‐1 Mice
Authors: Chargo Nicholas J , Schepper Jonathan D , Rios‐Arce Naoimy , Kang Ho Jun , Gardinier Joseph D , Parameswaran Narayanan , McCabe Laura R 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTGlucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used anti‐inflammatory medications with significant side effects, including glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIO). We have previously demonstrated that chronic subcutaneous GC treatment in mice leads to gut barrier dysfunction and trabecular bone loss. We further showed that treating with probiotics or barrier enhancers improves gut barrier function and prevents GIO. The overall goal of this study was to test if probiotics could prevent GC‐induced gut barrier dysfunction and bone loss in a clinically relevant oral‐GC model of GIO. Eight‐week‐old male CD‐1 mice were treated with vehicle or corticosterone in the drinking water for 4 weeks and administered probiotics Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475 (LR 6475) or VSL#3 thrice weekly via oral gavage. As expected, GC treatment led to significant gut barrier dysfunction (assessed by measuring serum endotoxin levels) and bone loss after 4 weeks. Serum endotoxin levels significantly and negatively correlated with bone volume. Importantly, LR 6475 treatment effectively prevented both GC‐induced increase in serum endotoxin and trabecular bone loss. VSL#3 had intermediate results, not differing from either control or GC‐treated animals. GC‐induced reductions in femur length, cortical thickness, and cortical area were not affected by probiotic treatment. Taken together, these results are the first to demonstrate that LR 6475 effectively prevents the detrimental effects of GC treatment on gut barrier, which correlates with enhanced trabecular bone health in an oral mouse model of GIO. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Immune‐related biomarkers in myocardial infarction; diagnostic/prognostic value and therapeutic potential
Authors: Wang Yanhai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing worldwide on an annual basis. The incorporation of circulating biomarkers, along with electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary angiograms, and other diagnostic techniques, is essential in the evaluation, prediction, and therapeutic efficacy assessment of patients afflicted with MI. Biomarker evaluation has been employed in the diagnosis of MI for over five decades. Further biomarker research can be carried out as newer biomarkers have been discovered in pathways such as inflammatory response, neurohormonal stimulation, or myocardial stress that initiate significantly earlier than myocyte necrosis and the diagnostic establishment of cardiac troponins. The assessment of biomarkers for MI is on the brink of a significant transformation due to advancements in comprehending the intricate pathophysiology of the condition. This has led to a pursuit of innovative biomarkers that could potentially overcome the limitations of current biomarkers. For individuals with a high‐risk profile, this may facilitate tailoring of appropriate treatment. This review places emphasis on a diverse array of biomarkers that have the potential to offer diagnostic and prognostic information, as well as the latest clinical and preclinical evidence that is driving theoretical advancements in cardiovascular immunotherapy.
Molecular mechanisms of alcohol's effects on the human body: A review and update
Authors: Renu Kaviyarasi , Myakala Haritha , Chakraborty Rituraj , Bhattacharya Sharmishtha , Abuwani Asmita , Lokhandwala Mariyam , Vellingiri Balachandar , Gopalakrishnan Abilash Valsala 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlcohol consumption has been linked to numerous negative health outcomes although it has some beneficial effects on moderate dosages, the most severe of which being alcohol‐induced hepatitis. The number of people dying from this liver illness has been shown to climb steadily over time, and its prevalence has been increasing. Researchers have found that alcohol consumption primarily affects the brain, leading to a wide range of neurological and psychological diseases. High‐alcohol‐consumption addicts not only experienced seizures, but also ataxia, aggression, social anxiety, and variceal hemorrhage that ultimately resulted in death, ascites, and schizophrenia. Drugs treating this liver condition are limited and can cause serious side effects like depression. Serine‐threonine kinases, cAMP protein kinases, protein kinase C, ERK, RACK 1, Homer 2, and more have all been observed to have their signaling pathways disrupted by alcohol, and alcohol has also been linked to epigenetic changes. In addition, alcohol consumption induces dysbiosis by changing the composition of the microbiome found in the gastrointestinal tract. Although more studies are needed, those that have been done suggest that probiotics aid in keeping the various microbiota concentrations stable. It has been argued that reducing one's alcohol intake may seem less harmful because excessive drinking is a lifestyle disorder.
Growth pattern and electronic and magnetic properties of Cr‐doped silver clusters
Authors: Xu Yu‐Sheng , Die Dong , Zheng Ben‐Xia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGrowth pattern and electronic and magnetic properties of AgnCr (n = 1–16) clusters have been investigated via density functional theory (DFT) combined with CALYPSO structure search method. The optimized geometry shows that the growth of the global minimum structures of AgnCr clusters have obvious rule. when n > 12, silver atoms grow around an icosahedron which is almost unchanged in each structure. Analyses of electronic properties indicate that the doped Cr atom can only enhance the stability of larger silver clusters. Optical absorption and photoelectron spectra of AgnCr isomers have been predicted and can be used for their structural identification. The icosahedral Ag12Cr cluster with large energy level gap can be seen as a superatom. The adsorption capacity of Cr atom in AgnCr cluster to CO is much higher than that of free Cr atom. The intensity of IR and Ramam spectra can be dramatically enhanced when CO is absorbed on AgnCr cluster that Cr atom is encapsulated by Ag atoms. Moreover, the red shift of IR and Raman spectra of CO adsorbed on these clusters is also very small compared to free CO. Magnetism calculations show that the magnetic moment of AgnCr clusters decreases linearly from n = 6 to 12 and increases linearly from n = 12 to 16. The total magnetic moment of AgnCr cluster is mainly localized on the Cr atom. The change of magnetic moment of Cr atom is related to the charge transfer between Cr and Ag atoms.
A multisite, quasiexperimental trial of a college course to support student mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chugani Carla D. , Mazza James J. , Fuhrman Barbara J. , Lavage Daniel R. , Murphy Courtney , Talis Janine , Miller Elizabeth , Coulter Robert W. S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of a three‐credit college Wellness and Resilience Course (WRC) for improving student mental health and well‐being outcomes in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodUndergraduate students aged 18–24 years old on five campuses in Western Pennsylvania or West Virginia who had either enrolled in the WRC (n = 81) or were attending university as usual (i.e., not enrolled in the WRC; n = 171) participated in surveys at baseline (beginning of semester), end of semester, and 3‐month follow‐up during the Spring and Fall 2020 semesters.ResultsOverall, students rated the WRC as acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. From baseline to the end of semester, students who received the WRC reported significant improvements in psychological flexibility (d = 0.30), mindfulness (d = 0.42), distress tolerance (d = 0.36), and use of dysfunctional and adaptive coping skills (d = 0.32), compared with students who did not receive the WRC. At follow‐up, all gains remained statistically significant and students who received the WRC additionally reported significant improvements in stress (d = 0.44) and life satisfaction (d = 0.35) compared with students who did not receive the WRC.ConclusionsThese findings offer preliminary evidence that college courses focused on mental wellness may be an important component of campus strategies to increase universal access to mental health support and skills. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov on April 8, 2020.
Salinity effects on expression and localization of aquaporin 3 in gills of the euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Lin Yu‐Ting , Wu Shao‐Ying , Lee Tsung‐Han 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMilkfish (Chanos chanos) are important euryhaline fish in Southeast Asian countries that can tolerate a wide range of salinity changes. Previous studies have revealed that milkfish have strong ion regulation and survival abilities under osmotic stress. In addition to ion regulation, water homeostasis in euryhaline teleosts is important during environmental salinity shifts. Aquaporins (AQP) are vital water channels in fish, and different AQPs can transport water influx or outflux from the body. AQP3 is one of the AQP channels, and the function of AQP3 in the gills of euryhaline milkfish is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of AQP3 in the gills of euryhaline milkfish to contribute to our understanding of the physiological role and localization of AQP3 in fish. The AQP3 sequence was found in the milkfish next‐generation sequencing (NGS) database and is mainly distributed in the gills of freshwater (FW)‐acclimated milkfish. Under hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic stress, the osmolality of milkfish immediately shifted, similar to the aqp3 gene expression. Moreover, the abundance of AQP3 protein significantly decreased 3 h after transferring milkfish from FW to seawater (SW). However, there was no change within 7 days when the milkfish experienced hypoosmotic stress. Moreover, double immunofluorescence staining of milkfish gills showed that AQP3 colocalized with Na+/K+ ATPase at the basolateral membrane of ionocytes. These results combined indicate that milkfish have a strong osmoregulation ability under acute osmotic stress because of the quick shift in the gene and protein expression of AQP3 in their gills.
Neighbourhood social capital, account usage and savings behaviour in low‐income countries: Field experimental evidence from Senegal
Authors: Behr Patrick , Jacob Jorge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFinancial inclusion is an important driver of economic growth, but gender gaps persist in financial activity, especially in low‐income countries. This study analyses the impact of text messages that make salient neighbours' savings behaviour on account usage and savings behaviour of low‐income men and women in Senegal. We performed a randomized field experiment in which 2056 clients of a local financial institution were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. We found gender differences in how these text messages impact savings and account usage. Account usage, account activity and average savings balances of female clients who received weekly savings reminders making their neighbours' savings behaviour salient increased compared to those who received generic savings reminders and those who received no savings reminders. The treatment had no impact on male clients. These results suggest that content‐specific text message reminders can create benefits for both the supply and demand side of financial services for women in low‐income countries, thereby increasing financial inclusion.
Sweetpotato cultivation: characteristics, constraints and preferred traits of producers and consumers in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kouassi Jean Hugues Martial , Dibi Konan Evrard Brice , Boye Mambé Auguste‐Dénise , Essis Brice Sidoine , Kouakou Amani Michel , N'zué Boni , Dufour Dominique 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn an environment where the adoption of improved varieties resulting from plant breeding programs is limited, it is essential to identify end‐user preferences beforehand. A participatory survey was conducted in eight localities in Korhogo and Bouaké regions (central and northern Cote d'Ivoire respectively) to identify producers' preferences and increase the adoption of improved varieties. The study involved 160 producers and consumers through focus group discussions and individual interviews.ResultsSweetpotato is mostly grown on small plots (<1 ha) of land (89.2%), with women (66%) as the main producers. In the Bouaké region, sweetpotatoes are grown on mounds (100%), whereas in Korhogo they are grown on ridges (86.2%). The main food products or forms of preparation from roots are fries (34.7%), boiled (34.3%), mashed (12.4%), and sweetpotato stew (9.1%). Major constraints, including low price of roots (26.3%), low productivity (16.2%), and post‐harvest storage issues (14.5%), were identified as affecting sweetpotato production.ConclusionsThe selection of new varieties should be oriented towards high‐yielding varieties with high dry matter content, deployed stems, and roots of round, oblong, or elliptical shape with good culinary characteristics (dry matter, sweet taste, dry texture, absence of fiber). Plants must be drought resistant, be tolerant to poor soil, diseases, and pests, and have a good yield. The color of skin and flesh of the sweetpotato, although constituting criteria of choice, are not essential for the acceptance or the rejection of a variety by users. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.