bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Label-free identification of cell death mechanism using scattering-based microscopy and deep learning
Authors: Khoubafarin Somaiyeh , Kharel Ashish , Malla Saloni , Nath Peuli , Irving Richard E , Kaur Devinder , Tiwari Amit K , Ray Aniruddha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The detection of cell death and identification of its mechanism underpins many of the biological and medical sciences. A scattering microscopy based method is presented here for quantifying cell motility and identifying cell death in breast cancer cells using a label-free approach. We identify apoptotic and necrotic pathways by analyzing the temporal changes in morphological features of the cells. Moreover, a neural network was trained to identify the cellular morphological changes and classify cell death mechanisms automatically, with an accuracy of over 95%. A pre-trained network was tested on images of cancer cells treated with a different chemotherapeutic drug, which was not used for training, and it correctly identified cell death mechanism with ∼100% accuracy. This automated method will allow for quantification during the incubation steps without the need for additional steps, typically associated with conventional technique like fluorescence microscopy, western blot and ELISA. As a result, this technique will be faster and cost effective.
Formation of reactive chlorine species in Cl− solutions treated by plasma-supplied O atoms and some implications for biological inactivation functions
Authors: Gao Yuting , Liu Zhijie , Pang Bolun , Wang Sitao , Chen Bohan , Qu Zhongping , Zhou Renwu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Plasma activated saline solution (PAS) has attracted increased attention in recent years due to wide range of promising applications including sterilization, water treatment, wound healing, and cancer treatment. As we know, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) play an important role in plasma applications and its production and action mechanisms have been intensively studied. However, less attention has been paid to the role of reactive chlorine species (RCS). Therefore, researching the mechanism underlying the RCS formation in O-treated saline is necessary to regulate the RCS dose for improving plasma applications. In this work, the concentration of free chlorine (Cl2, HClO, ClO−) are focused to investigate the effect of the addition of Cl− and O2. Results show that the presence of chlorine in solutions, oxygen radicals in plasma jet and the pH of the solution are important factors in the further chemical reactions to RCS. The production of RCS and RONS can be selectively regulated by controlling the three conditions described above. Furthermore, some implications for biological inactivation functions are performed by the A549 lung carcinoma cells to verify the anticancer effects induced by PAS. Schematic of plausible mechanisms of the aqueous chemical processes in solutions are speculated by experimental results. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of chemical activity of PAS, which in turn promotes its more effective biomedical effects.
Ferromagnetic resonators synthesized by metal-organic decomposition epitaxy
Authors: Nguyen Nhat , Herrington Bryce , Chorazewicz Kayetan , (Paul) Wang Szu-Fan , Zielinski Ruthi , Turner John , Ashby Paul D , Kilic Ufuk , Schubert Eva , Schubert Mathias , Parrott Ronald A , Sweet Allen A , Streubel Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Metal-organic decomposition epitaxy is an economical wet-chemical approach suitable to synthesize high-quality low-spin-damping films for resonator and oscillator applications. This work reports the temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonances and associated structural and magnetic quantities of yttrium iron garnet nanofilms that coincide with single-crystal values. Despite imperfections originating from wet-chemical deposition and spin coating, the quality factor for out-of-plane and in-plane resonances approaches 600 and 1000, respectively, at room temperature and 40 GHz. These values increase with temperature and are 100 times larger than those offered by commercial devices based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor voltage-controlled oscillators at comparable production costs.
First principles modeling of mechanical properties of binary alloys containing Ga, Sn, and In for soldering applications
Authors: Mattes Spencer , Brennan Scott , Woodcox Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Using density functional theory, the elastic properties of various binary Ga, Sn, and In-based alloys have been calculated to determine their viability as potential replacements for toxic Pb-based solders. Computed quantities such as the bulk K, shear G, and Young’s E moduli were used to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the studied materials. The Pugh ratio γ and Poisson’s ratio ν were utilized to quantify the ductility of the alloys. Through comparative charge density analysis, we illustrated the relationship between the relative charge distributions and the aforementioned ductility metrics. Among the 52 studied alloys, 27 were determined to be stable/metastable at room temperature, and each of these stable/metastable materials are expected to be ductile. To facilitate the discovery and implementation of thermodynamically accessible and ductile solders, this work focuses on the mechanical properties of the alloys expected to be stable/metastable. Based on the cutoff criteria for stability and ductility established at the end of this work (

E

F
o
r
m

<

10 meV/atom and γ > 4.00), the α-Ga0.125In0.875, GaII0.750In0.250, GaII0.833Sn0.167 and In0.875Ga0.125 alloys warrant further study for soldering applications.
Correlation effects on topological end-states in finite-size graphene nanoribbons in the GW approximation
Authors: Honet Antoine , Henrard Luc , Meunier Vincent 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Finite size armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) of different families are theoretically studied using the Hubbard model in both mean-field and GW approximations, including spin correlation effects. It is shown that correlation primarily affect the properties of topological end states of the nanoribbons. A representative structure of each of the three GNR families is considered but the seven-atom width nanoribbon is studied in detail and compared to previously published experimental results, showing a clear improvement when correlations are included. Using isolated spin contributions to scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) simulations, spin-polarized measurements in STM are also suggested to help distinguish and highlight correlation effects.
Design and tactile classification of flexible tactile sensor for soft gripper
Authors: Dong Shuo , Cai Lihua , Wei Yangyang , She Jianguo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tactile object recognition is very important in robot sorting and handling system. The existing researches on tactile recognition mainly focus on rigid grippers, which cannot be directly applied to soft grippers with better safety and applicability. In this paper, a tactile sensor for soft gripper is proposed. The tactile sensor consists of a carbon composite Velostat and a flexible printed circuit designed for soft gripper. The sensor is equipped with signal scanning, amplifying and processing systems. A number of performance tests were carried out on the designed tactile sensor to prove that it has good performance in sensing sensitivity, loading stability, repeatability. In addition, tactile sensors are applied to tactile classification. The two fingers of the flexible gripper were loaded with a sensor and nine different objects were contacted. The tactile information of the objects was obtained through the stable gripper, and the tactile data was trained and classified by the support vector machine. Finally, the tactile recognition accuracy of the double-exponent data was 91.1%.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis under time-varying speeds based on time-characteristic order spectrum and multi-scale domain adaptation network
Authors: Xu Zhenli , Tang Guiji , Pang Bin , Qi Xiaofan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In practical industrial applications, rolling bearing generally operates under variable conditions and its vibration signal significantly fluctuates in amplitude and frequency. This increases the feature distribution differences of the bearing fault samples and makes the health status identification of the bearing more difficult. To this end, a new intelligent fault diagnosis method for bearing under time-varying speed conditions is proposed based on time-characteristic order (TCO) spectrum and multi-scale domain adaptation network (MSDAN). Firstly, by using the good noise robustness and high time–frequency aggregation properties of the synchrosqueezed wave packet transform (SSWPT), the TCO spectrum method based on SSWPT is proposed to eliminate the impact of speed fluctuation, reducing the distribution shift of bearing data under time-varying speeds. Secondly, an MSDAN model based on global-local feature fusion is established to extract the domain-invariant features closely related to the bearing fault state from the TCO spectrum. Finally, the local maximum distribution discrepancy is introduced to capture the discriminative fine-grained features. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified in various transfer tasks on two different bearing datasets with time-varying speeds. Compared with some state-of-art methods, the proposed method can eliminate the sample distribution differences under time-varying speeds, significantly improving its accuracy and generalization performance in cross-domain fault diagnosis of rolling bearing.
Large-area Fe–C eutectic fixed-points for radiation and contact thermometry
Authors: Can Mehtap , Gözönünde Can , Arifoviç Narcisa , Yıldız Fikret , Nasibov Humbat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High-quality metal (carbide)–carbon eutectic materials based on high-temperature fixed points (HTFPs) are widely used in radiometry and thermometry as reference standards. HTFPs on the base of iron–carbon (Fe–C) binary eutectic alloys, with a nominal melting temperature of about 1154 °C (just above the copper freezing point of 1084.62 °C), are one of the promising candidates among the eutectic materials. To establish new HTFPs as reference metrological tools for high-temperature thermometry, their performance should be thoroughly investigated regarding reproducibility and stability. In this work, two large-area (8 mm aperture, 107 mm cavity/thermowell length) Fe–C fixed-point cells were constructed and studied in detail using a radiation thermometer and two different thermocouples (TCs). Three different furnaces were used to explore the thermal behaviors of the cells at various furnace gradients and furnace offsets. The melting temperature at the inflections point of the melting curves of the cells studied across extensive measurement campaigns demonstrated good performance with repeatability of less than 9 mK (assessed from four successive runs) and reproducibility—less than 100 mK (at different furnaces and furnace offsets). The melting temperature agreement between both cells in the same experimental conditions was better than 30 mK. In addition, the equivalence of the developed large-area cells and a small-area radiometric cell (3 mm cavity aperture, and 35 mm cavity length) were comparatively examined in the same experimental conditions. The coherence of the obtained results for the melting temperature of large-area Fe–C cells indicates the feasibility of using large-volume cells for precise calibration of both radiation thermometers and TCs.
Students’ contextualizing knowledge on the mirage incident, reflection and refraction: a case study
Authors: Doğru M Said , Kurnaz M Altan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how high school students apply optical principles and relate them to contexts where reflection, refraction, and dispersion occur together. The study group consists of 60 students enrolled in a high school in the Western Black Sea Region. The data consists of progressive (multiple-choice and open-ended) questions that direct students to specific contexts in which they can explain optical principles. The questions aim to determine students’ contextual and contextualized knowledge. The analysis of the data was carried out by making classifications. The findings are that about half of the students correctly associate the events of ‘reflection’, ‘refraction’ and ‘mirage’ with the given contexts and about three quarters of them cannot define the relevant concepts in the context. According to the findings, it was concluded that the contextual knowledge of the students about the concepts given was partially, but their contextualized knowledge was not sufficient. It is recommended to associate the subjects including the concepts of reflection, refraction and mirage with daily events in order to make them concrete and fun for students in the teaching process, to use up-to-date topics that may attract students ‘attention, and to diversify and increase the contexts appropriate to students’ levels. In addition, it is recommended to make sense of the concept in context in addition to context-concept association in teaching processes.
Saline bolus for negative contrast perfusion imaging in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Mohn Fabian , Exner Miriam , Szwargulski Patryk , Möddel Martin , Knopp Tobias , Graeser Matthias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is capable of high temporal resolution measurements of the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles and therefore well suited for perfusion imaging, which is an important tool in medical diagnosis. Perfusion imaging in MPI usually requires a fresh bolus of tracer material to capture the key signal dynamics. Here, we propose a method to decouple the imaging sequence from the injection of additional tracer material, without further increasing the administered iron dose in the body with each image. Approach. A bolus of physiological saline solution without any particles (negative contrast) diminishes the steady-state concentration of a long-circulating tracer during passage. This depression in the measured concentration contributes to the required contrast dynamics. The presence of a long-circulating tracer is therefore a prerequisite to obtain the negative contrast. As a quantitative tracer based imaging method, the signal is linear in the tracer concentration for any location that contains nanoparticles and zero in the surrounding tissue which does not provide any intrinsic signal. After tracer injection, the concentration over time (positive contrast) can be utilized to calculate dynamic diagnostic parameters like perfusion parameters in vessels and organs. Every acquired perfusion image thus requires a new bolus of tracer with a sufficiently large iron dose to be visible above the background. Main results. Perfusion parameters are calculated based on the time response of the proposed negative bolus and compared to a positive bolus. Results from phantom experiments show that normalized signals from positive and negative boli are concurrent and deviations of calculated perfusion maps are low. Significance. Our method opens up the possibility to increase the total monitoring time of a future patient by utilizing a positive-negative contrast sequence, while minimizing the iron dose per acquired image.
Mechanical, optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of lead-free inorganic Li-based double perovskites Li2GeZ6 (Z = Cl, Br, I) for energy applications
Authors: Alburaih Huda A , Nazir Sadia , Laref A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the present work, we investigate lead-free halide DPs Li2GeZ6 (Z = Cl, Br, I) to explore their optoelectronic device applications. The PBEsol functional and modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) have been brought to determine the lattice constant and band gap, respectively. Calculated formation energies values are found to be −2.48 eV, −2.04 eV, and −1.88 eV for Li2GeCl6, Li2GeBr6, and Li2GeI6, respectively, and all the studied compounds satisfy Born stability criteria for the cubic phase. Band structures computed using mBJ functional yield band gap values of 3.4 eV, 1.8 eV, and 0.4 eV for Li2GeCl6, Li2GeBr6, and Li2GeI6, accordingly, indicating the suitability of these materials for optical devices. The refractive index, absorption, and reflectivity analyses have been evaluated for optical performance in energy ranges from 0–8 eV. Moreover, thermal and electrical conductivities, power factor, and figure-of-merit have been determined under the effect of temperature with the help of the BoltzTrap code. All these aspects, when taken together, provide a comprehensive picture of optical and thermoelectric characteristics and their applications in energy devices.
Anisotropic fluid solution in f (Q) gravity satisfying vanishing complexity factor
Authors: Kaur Simranjeet , Maurya S K , Shukla Sacheendra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a study on a spherically symmetric anisotropic solution in f(Q) gravity in the framework of vanishing complexity formalism, which derives a relation between gravitational potentials. The Durgapal-Fuloria metric is used to solve the system of equations derived under the linear functional form of f(Q) = β
1
Q + β
2, while the constants are evaluated by joining the interior solution to the Schwarzschild (Anti-) di Sitter exterior solution at the boundary. This study also examines the physical viability and dynamical stability of the solution for the compact star in f(Q)-gravity theory, which shows that the solution found in this study is well-behaved.
Theoretical simulated fabrication of nanostructure by interference of four-beam guided mode excited by 193 nm laser
Authors: Di Xiujuan , Yao Haizi , Wang Xiangxian , Ren Yaqian , Qi Yunping , Yang Hua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study proposed a lithography method for fabricating periodic nanostructures using the interference of four-beam TE0 guided modes excited by a 193 nm deep ultraviolet laser. The physical mechanism and normalized electric field intensity distribution of four-beam TE0 guided mode interference were theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated using the finite element method. The simulation results confirmed the ability of this method to fabricate periodic structures with a half-pitch resolution of 30.35 nm (approximately λ/6.36), an aspect ratio of 3.95, and a contrast ratio of 1. The theoretically calculated value of the resolution was consistent with the numerical simulation value. The resolution and aspect ratio of the fabricated nanostructures could be adjusted through changes to the thickness of the resist. Moreover, the shape of the fabricated nanostructures, such as the one-dimensional sub-wavelength grating structure and two-dimensional square array lattice structure, were adjustable via changes to the number and azimuth of the excited TE0 guided modes. The results obtained in this study provide valuable theoretical information for the practical manufacture of ultra-high-resolution lithography.
Mechanical and corrosion characteristics of micro-arc oxidized magnesium alloy (ZE41) friction stir welds in modified SBF
Authors: Sivashanmugam N , Harikrishna KL , Rao S R Koteswara , Justin S J Samuel , Wilson P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Magnesium is a popularly known class of biodegradable metallic biomaterials, and it has spent most of its time in corrosion environments that must be validated before it can be used in real bio applications. This work studies the adaptability of rare earth magnesium alloy (Mg-RE) ZE41 welds for in vitro bio applications. Magnesium rare earth ZE41 alloy plates were welded through a friction stir joining process. The fabrication of a defect-free and strong friction stir butt joint was confirmed by microscopic analysis and mechanical tests. The joint efficiency of 79.25% was arrived from the tensile test based on ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The microhardness at WN, HAZ and base material were measured as 82, 63, and 70 respectively. A silicate electrolyte-based micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating process was carried out on base and weld samples to study the corrosion behaviour of uncoated and coated samples in modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF). The average coating thickness of the samples was 40 μm. Then the processed samples were immersed in the m-SBF solution for 0.25 h, 72 h, and 168 h, and the degradation behaviour of all the samples was studied. The surface morphology and compositions were analysed through x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) on all the MAO-coated and uncoated bases as well as weld samples. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP) tests were employed to evaluate the electro-chemical induced corrosion behaviour of the samples. The results revealed that MAO-coated ZE41 welded samples have better corrosion mitigation properties with a corrosion rate of 12.45 mpy after 168 h of immersion than all other counterparts due to the compact oxide layer formation and further apatite mineral phase deposition that helps to delay the surface degradation of friction stir welded ZE41.
Future deceleration due to backreaction in a Universe with multiple inhomogeneous domains
Authors: Halder Ashadul , Pandey Shashank Shekhar , Majumdar A.S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We formulate a model of spacetime with inhomogeneous matter distribution in multiple domains. In the context of the backreaction framework using Buchert's averaging procedure, we evaluate the effect of backreaction due to the inhomogeneities on the late time global evolution of the Universe. Examining the future evolution of this universe, we find that it can transit from the presently accelerating phase to undergo future deceleration. The future deceleration is governed by our model parameters. We constrain the model parameters using observational analysis of the Union 2.1 supernova Ia data employing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method.
Host group degeneracy in gravitational lensing time delay determination of H
0
Authors: Teodori Luca , Blum Kfir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Massive elliptical galaxies, that serve as lenses in gravitational lensing time delay measurements of the Hubble parameter H
0, often reside in a host group.
We consider degeneracies in the modeling of the group halo. When the group effect on imaging can be summarized by its flexion (the next order term beyond shear in the tidal expansion), the posterior likelihood map can develop disjoint local minima, associated with an approximate discrete symmetry of a dominant flexion term. Monte-Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) algorithms that are not designed to explore a rich posterior landscape can miss some of the minima, introducing systematic bias. We study mock data and demonstrate that the bias in H
0 can exceed 10%, and pulls the inference value of H
0 above its truth value, for a reason that can be traced to the structure of a mismodeled flexion term. MCMC algorithms that are designed to cope with a rich posterior landscape can uncover the structure. If the group is X-ray bright enough, X-ray data may also help to resolve the degeneracy, by pinpointing the group's center of mass. Finally, we show that some implementations in the literature used an inaccurate kinematical prior, mis-modeling the group velocity dispersion by as much as 20%.