bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully automatic algorithm for detecting and tracking anatomical shoulder landmarks on fluoroscopy images with artificial intelligence
Authors: Croci Eleonora , Hess Hanspeter , Warmuth Fabian , Künzler Marina , Börlin Sean , Baumgartner Daniel , Müller Andreas Marc , Gerber Kate , Mündermann Annegret 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
Patients with rotator cuff tears present often with glenohumeral joint instability. Assessing anatomic angles and shoulder kinematics from fluoroscopy requires labelling of specific landmarks in each image. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence model for automatic landmark detection from fluoroscopic images for motion tracking of the scapula and humeral head.

Materials and methods
Fluoroscopic images were acquired for both shoulders of 25 participants (N = 12 patients with unilateral rotator cuff tear, 6 men, mean (standard deviation) age: 63.7 ± 9.7 years; 13 asymptomatic subjects, 7 men, 58.2 ± 8.9 years) during a 30° arm abduction and adduction movement in the scapular plane with and without handheld weights of 2 and 4 kg. A 3D full-resolution convolutional neural network (nnU-Net) was trained to automatically locate five landmarks (glenohumeral joint centre, humeral shaft, inferior and superior edges of the glenoid and most lateral point of the acromion) and a calibration sphere.

Results
The nnU-Net was trained with ground-truth data from 6021 fluoroscopic images of 40 shoulders and tested with 1925 fluoroscopic images of 10 shoulders. The automatic landmark detection algorithm achieved an accuracy above inter-rater variability and slightly below intra-rater variability. All landmarks and the calibration sphere were located within 1.5 mm, except the humeral landmark within 9.6 mm, but differences in abduction angles were within 1°.

Conclusion
The proposed algorithm detects the desired landmarks on fluoroscopic images with sufficient accuracy and can therefore be applied to automatically assess shoulder motion, scapular rotation or glenohumeral translation in the scapular plane.

Clinical relevance statement
This nnU-net algorithm facilitates efficient and objective identification and tracking of anatomical landmarks on fluoroscopic images necessary for measuring clinically relevant anatomical configuration (e.g. critical shoulder angle) and enables investigation of dynamic glenohumeral joint stability in pathological shoulders.

Key Points
• Anatomical configuration and glenohumeral joint stability are often a concern after rotator cuff tears.
• Artificial intelligence applied to fluoroscopic images helps to identify and track anatomical landmarks during dynamic movements.
• The developed automatic landmark detection algorithm optimised the labelling procedures and is suitable for clinical application.
Approval-based shortlisting
Authors: Lackner Martin , Maly Jan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Shortlisting is the task of reducing a long list of alternatives to a (smaller) set of best or most suitable alternatives. Shortlisting is often used in the nomination process of awards or in recommender systems to display featured objects. In this paper, we analyze shortlisting methods that are based on approval data, a common type of preferences. Furthermore, we assume that the size of the shortlist, i.e., the number of best or most suitable alternatives, is not fixed but determined by the shortlisting method. We axiomatically analyze established and new shortlisting methods and complement this analysis with an experimental evaluation based on synthetic and real-world data. Our results lead to recommendations which shortlisting methods to use, depending on the desired properties.
Befragung zu den Arbeits-, Weiterbildungs- und Forschungsbedingungen von Assistenzärztinnen und -ärzten in der internistisch-rheumatologischen Weiterbildung – BEWUSST
Authors: Proft Fabian ,   die Kommission Fort- und Weiterbildung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie, Vossen Diana , Baraliakos Xenofon , Berliner Michael N. , Fleck Martin , Keyßer Gernot , Krause Andreas , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Manger Bernhard , Schuch Florian , Specker Christof , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Voormann Anna , Raspe Matthias , Krusche Martin , Pfeil Alexander 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Daten zur Aus- und Weiterbildungssituation von Assistenzärzt:innen des Fachgebietes Innere Medizin und Rheumatologie liegen für das Bundesgebiet nicht vor. Aus diesem Grund initiierte die Kommission Fort- und Weiterbildung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh) eine Umfrage zu den Arbeits‑, Weiterbildungs- und Forschungsbedingungen von Assistenzärztinnen und -ärzten in der rheumatologischen Weiterbildung.

Methodik
Es wurden 102 Fragen zu den Themenkomplexen Arbeitsbedingungen im Berufsalltag, ärztliche Fort- und Weiterbildung, Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie, Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Forschung, Perspektive als Rheumatolog:in und praktische Tätigkeiten über einen Online-Fragebogen gestellt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt haben sich 102 Teilnehmer:innen an der Umfrage beteiligt; 48,1 % der Befragten waren mit der beruflichen Situation zufrieden, 40,2 % der Teilnehmer:innen wurden durch eine/n fachärztliche/n Mentor:in betreut, und 54,9 % der Teilnehmer:innen sind wissenschaftlich tätig. Eine Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf war für 34,7 % möglich. Nach Abschluss der Facharztausbildung strebten 52,9 % der Befragten eine kombinierte klinische und ambulante Tätigkeit an.

Diskussion
Die Hälfte der angehenden Rheumatolog:innen ist mit der beruflichen Tätigkeit zufrieden, wobei das Mentoring der Weiterbildungsassistent:innen eine weitere Verbesserung erfahren sollte. Hinsichtlich der gewünschten kombinierten klinischen und ambulanten Tätigkeit sollten die vorhandenen Optionen ausgebaut bzw. neue berufliche Tätigkeitsfelder etabliert werden, damit das Fachgebiet für den Nachwuchs attraktiv bleibt.
Relationship between the distribution of intra-retinal hyper-reflective foci and the progression of intermediate age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Verma Aditya , Corradetti Giulia , He Ye , Nittala Muneeswar G. , Nassisi Marco , Velaga Swetha B. , Haines Jonathan L. , Pericak-Vance Margaret A. , Stambolian Dwight , Sadda SriniVas R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the relationship between the distribution of intra-retinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and progression of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) over 2 years.

Methods
Cirrus OCT volumes of the macula of subjects enrolled in the Amish Eye Study with 2 years of follow-up were evaluated for the presence of iAMD and IHRF at baseline. The IHRF were counted in a series of 5 sequential en face slabs from outer to inner retina. The number of IHRF in each slab at baseline and the change in IHRF from baseline to year 2 were correlated with progression to late AMD at 2 years.

Results
Among 120 eyes from 71 patients with iAMD, 52 eyes (43.3%) of 42 patients had evidence of both iAMD and IHRF at baseline. Twenty-three eyes (19.0%) showed progression to late AMD after 2 years. The total IHRF count increased from 243 at baseline to 604 at 2 years, with a significant increase in the IHRF number in each slab, except for the innermost slab 5 which had no IHRF at baseline or follow-up. The IHRF count increased from 121 to 340 in eyes that showed progression to late AMD. The presence of IHRF in the outermost retinal slabs 1 and 2 was independently associated with a significant risk of progression to late AMD. A greater increase in IHRF count over 2 years in these same slabs 1 and 2 was also associated with a higher risk of conversion to late AMD.

Conclusions
The risk of progression to late AMD appears to be significantly associated with the distribution and extent of IHRF in the outermost retinal layers. This observation may point to significant pathophysiologic differences of IHRF in inner versus outer layers of the retina.
Developing rights-based standards for children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions: using a collaborative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder approach to build consensus
Authors: Bray Lucy , Carter Bernie , Kiernan Joann , Horowicz Ed , Dixon Katie , Ridley James , Robinson Carol , Simmons Anna , Craske Jennie , Sinha Stephanie , Morton Liza , Nafria Begonya , Forsner Maria , Rullander Anna-Clara , Nilsson Stefan , Darcy Laura , Karlsson Katarina , Hubbuck Cath , Brenner Maria , Spencer-Little Sian , Evans Kath , Rowland Andrew , Hilliard Carol , Preston Jennifer , Leroy Piet L. , Roland Damian , Booth Lisa , Davies Jean , Saron Holly , Mansson Marie Edwinson , Cox Ann , Ford Karen , Campbell Steven , Blamires Julie , Dickinson Annette , Neufeld Michael , Peck Blake , de Avila Marla , Feeg Veronica , Mediani Henny Suzana , Atout Maha , Majamanda Maureen D. , North Natasha , Chambers Christine , Robichaud Fanny 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChildren continue to experience harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care. The international ISupport collaboration aimed to develop standards to outline and explain good procedural practice and the rights of children within the context of a clinical procedure. The rights-based standards for children undergoing tests, treatments, investigations, examinations and interventions were developed using an iterative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder consensus building approach. This consensus approach used a range of online and face to face methods across three phases to ensure ongoing engagement with multiple stakeholders. The views and perspectives of 203 children and young people, 78 parents and 418 multi-disciplinary professionals gathered over a two year period (2020–2022) informed the development of international rights-based standards for the care of children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions. The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds. Conclusion: This is the first study of its kind which outlines international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives. The standards offer health professionals and educators clear evidence-based tools to support discussions and practice changes to challenge prevailing assumptions about holding or restraining children and instead encourage a focus on the interests and rights of the child.

What is Known:• Children continue to experience short and long-term harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care.• Professionals report uncertainty and tensions in applying evidence-based practice to children’s procedural care.

What is New:• This is the first study of its kind which has developed international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives.• The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds.
Prevalence and incidence of personality disorders among children and adolescents in Danish mental health services: a nationwide register study
Authors: Klinkby Ida Maria Ingeholm , Hastrup Lene Halling , Bo Sune , Storebø Ole Jakob , Simonsen Erik , Kongerslev Mickey T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA few epidemiological studies have examined personality disorders (PDs) among children and adolescents in secondary mental health services. This study aims to describe the prevalence and incidence of PDs among children and adolescents who have attended Danish child and adolescent psychiatric services (CAPS). Using register-based data, we studied all patients under the age of 18 years who were admitted to in- and outpatient CAPS (N = 115,121) in Denmark from 2007 to 2017. A total of 4952 patients were diagnosed with a PD during the study period. The mean prevalence was 859 patients per year, and the mean incidence was 274 patients per year, including an increased incidence and prevalence of borderline, anxious, and unspecified PDs over the decade. The number of patients diagnosed with PDs increased from 700 to 851 per year, but the proportion of patients with PDs compared to all psychiatric diagnoses decreased from 4.2% to 2.8% over the study period. The PD population had an older age (14.8 years vs. 11.3 years; p < 0.001), a higher likelihood of being female (74% vs. 44%; p < 0.001), and four times more contacts with the psychiatric emergency departments than other patients with a psychiatric diagnosis. Future studies should focus on (a) implementing further epidemiological studies in different countries; (b) tracking diagnostic practices to facilitate comparisons and provide feedback for training clinicians and raising awareness; and (c) estimating trajectories of PDs, including costs within the CAPS, to facilitate informed decision-making regarding the future organization and provision of services to these children, adolescents, and their families.
Effect of onset age on the long-term outcome of early-onset psychoses and other mental disorders: a register-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study
Authors: Majuri Tuomas , Haapea Marianne , Nordström Tanja , Säynäjäkangas Veera , Moilanen Kristiina , Tolonen Jonna , Ala-Mursula Leena , Miettunen Jouko , Jääskeläinen Erika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPsychiatric illnesses can affect the social transitions of adolescence and young adulthood, such as completing education and entering working life and relationships. However, associations between earlier onset age and long-term outcomes among those with early-onset psychoses (EOP) are unclear, as are the long-term outcomes of EOP compared to non-psychotic disorders. We used national register data of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 to detect persons with EOP and other early-onset psychiatric disorders. The long-term clinical and work-family outcomes of persons with onset age before 18 years (n = 41 psychoses, n = 495 non-psychoses) or between 18–22 years (n = 61 psychoses, n = 377 non-psychoses) were compared. Individuals with the onset of psychosis between 18–22 years had significantly more unfavourable long-term outcomes when compared to those with psychosis onset before 18 years. Persons with psychosis onset before the age of 18 years had similar outcomes to those with non-psychotic psychiatric disorder onset before 18 years regarding educational level, marital status, having children, and substance use disorders. Individuals with EOP were more often on a disability pension compared to those with other early-onset mental disorders. Adjusting for sex, educational level and substance use only slightly diluted these results. Unexpectedly, later onset age of EOP was associated with worse outcomes. Those with psychosis onset between 18–22 years of age are in a critical period, which underlines the importance of investing on interventions in this age group. Further studies on the effect of the onset age on later outcomes in EOP are needed.
Modelling diffusion controlled electro-deoxidation of metal oxide to metal in molten salt
Authors: Osarinmwian C. , Roberts E. P. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiffusion is a fundamental irreversible process intervening in the evolution of many out-of-equilibrium systems and is successfully described by Fick’s law obtained from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Despite this, numerical simulations of solid state electro-deoxidation in the diffusion-controlled regime in molten salt remain elusive. Here, a new model for diffusion controlled three-phase interline (3PI) penetration in a porous cathode during electro-deoxidation is validated against experimental observation. This penetrating 3PI model is applied at high overpotential and benchmarked using the oxygen ionisation TiO2(s) + 4e− → Ti(s) + 2O2− at the 3PI. The model couples slow diffusive transport and fast oxygen ionisation while assuming a negligible ohmic potential drop in bulk molten CaCl2 electrolyte. The 14 nm s−1 penetration rate of the 3PI and the order of magnitude of 3PI currents (derived from an exchange current density and cathodic transfer coefficient of 0.32 A cm−2 and 0.01, respectively) in the chronoamperometric data for porous cathodes are in good agreement with experimental observation.
Blended-Learning-Ansatz für die klinische Epileptologie
Authors: Claß S. , von Wrede R. , Baumgartner T. , Surges R. 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Kompetenz zum Erkennen episodischer Störungen mit vorübergehenden Symptomen, wie z. B. epileptischen Anfällen, ist in der klinischen Lehre mitunter schwierig zu vermitteln. Spezialisierte Aufzeichnungsmethoden wie das Video-EEG-Monitoring dokumentieren jedoch ein großes Spektrum an vorübergehenden Episoden und können für die Lehre im Medizinstudium herangezogen werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es sollte für den epileptologischen Teil der studentischen Ausbildung im Fach Neurologie ein digitales Lernangebot im Inverted-Classroom-Modell (ICM) neu konzipiert und entwickelt werden, das sowohl Grundlagen und Terminologie der klinischen Epileptologie vermittelt als auch die Anfallserkennung mit Anfallsvideos aus der Klinik schult.

Methodik
Verschiedene interaktive digitale Lernmaterialien und Anfallsvideos wurden den Studierenden innerhalb eines digitalen Selbstlernmoduls im Vorfeld der zweitägigen Präsenzveranstaltung zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Zufriedenheit mit dem Lernangebot wurde über einen Fragebogen evaluiert. Außerdem wurden die Klausurergebnisse zwischen den Studierenden, die nur an der Präsenzveranstaltung teilgenommen hatten, und denen, die zusätzlich das digitale Lernangebot absolvierten, retrospektiv verglichen.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die Befragung der Studierenden zeigte eine große Zufriedenheit mit dem digitalen Lernangebot und eine hohe Teilnahmequote von etwa 90 %. Klinisches Videomaterial, als Lernvideos aufbereitet, erwies sich als geeignet, um die Semiologie und Analyse epileptischer Anfälle anschaulich zu vermitteln. Der Vergleich der Klausurergebnisse zwischen den Studierenden mit und ohne digitales Lehrangebot war ohne signifikanten Unterschied, möglicherweise durch den retrospektiven Ansatz ohne neu konzipierte Fragen mit konkretem Bezug zum digitalen Lehrangebot.
A new method to improve RF safety of implantable medical devices using inductive coupling at 3.0 T MRI
Authors: Park Bu S. , Guag Joshua W. , Jeong Hongbae , Rajan Sunder S. , McCright Brent 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To enhance RF safety when implantable medical devices are located within the body coil but outside the imaging region by using a secondary resonator (SR) to reduce electric fields, the corresponding specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature change during MRI.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted using numerical simulations with an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) phantom and adult human models of Ella and Duke from Virtual Family Models, along with corresponding experimental results of temperature change obtained using the ASTM phantom. The circular SR was designed with an inner diameter of 150 mm and a width of 6 mm. Experimental measurements were carried out using a 3 T Medical Implant Test System (MITS) body coil, electromagnetic (EM) field mapping probes, and an ASTM phantom.

Results
The magnitudes of B1+ (|B1+|) and SAR1g were reduced by 15.2% and 5.85% within the volume of interest (VoI) of an ASTM phantom, when a SR that generates opposing electromagnetic fields was utilized. Likewise, the Δ|B1+| and ΔSAR1g were reduced by up to 56.7% and 57.5% within the VoI of an Ella model containing a copper rod when an opposing SR was used.

Conclusion
A novel method employing the designed SR, which generates opposing magnetic fields to partially shield a sample, has been proposed to mitigate the risk of induced-RF heating at the VoI through numerical simulations and corresponding experiments under various conditions at 3.0 T.
A comparison of health policies, public opinion and vaccination rates in France and Germany
Authors: Mathieu Louison , Wittwer-Backofen Ursula , Strasser Georgina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
France and Germany have different approaches towards childhood immunisation. The aim of this study was to determine the similarities and differences between France and Germany in terms of heath policies, vaccination rates and public opinion as far as infant vaccinations were concerned.

Study design
Literature review.

Subject and methods
We used the databases of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and of Santé publique France (SpF) to compare the vaccination rates of children in the year 2017. The state of public opinion was principally assessed by comparing data from SpF and the German Federal Center for Health Education (BZgA).

Results
Vaccination rates were higher in French pre-school children in 2017 for the hexavalent and anti-pneumococcal vaccines, whereas Measles–Mumps–Rubella and anti-meningococcal vaccination rates were higher in Germany. Public opinion was more favourable towards vaccines in Germany than in France. Some vaccines, especially against seasonal influenza and hepatitis B, were viewed with criticism in France, whereas German parents considered hepatitis B immunisation to be important for their children. Moreover, both countries showed higher immunisation rates in northern regions. This correlated with the state of vaccine confidence in France. In Germany, eastern regions were more favourable towards vaccines, which correlated with higher immunisation rates in these regions.

Conclusions
The state of vaccine confidence seemed to correlate with immunisation rates in both countries. The need for information about vaccines is still high in both countries and trust in the medical community as well as in the immunisation policymakers should be reinforced as a priority.
Habitual Leadership Ethics: Timelessness and Virtuous Leadership in the Jesuit Order
Authors: Bento da Silva Jose , Grint Keith , Pereira Sandra , Thoene Ulf , Wiedner Rene 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper is about the relationship between leadership, organisational morals, and temporality. We argue that engaging with questions of time and temporality may help us overcome the overly agentic view of organisational morals and leadership ethics that dominates extant literature. Our analysis of the role of time in organizational morals and leadership ethics starts from a virtue-based approach to leading large-scale moral endeavours. We ask: how can we account for organizational morality across generations and independently of the leader? To address this question, we studied the leadership model of the Jesuits, a Catholic Religious Order. Our case reveals that a virtue-based model of leadership does not necessarily imply that those who are selected to lead the organization are themselves virtuous, but that the processes underpinning the exercise of leadership are cyclical and repeated as truthfully as possible. Virtuous leadership, for the Jesuits, is therefore about the construction of an ideal type of leadership against which the processes which sustain it were designed. Our theoretical contribution is twofold. First, we propose an habitual understanding of moral forms of leadership, in which the procedural is constitutive of moral forms of organising; second, we explain how “timelessness”, understood as the quality of not changing as years go by, allowed the Jesuits to centre the processes which sustain their ethical model on the repetition, across space and time, of said processes, rather than on their outcome. We conclude that the search for virtue might be more relevant for large-scale moral endeavours than virtue itself.