bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization and mapping of the right phrenic nerve by intracardiac echocardiography during atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Liu Xinmeng , Lin Rong , Peng Xiaodong , Wang Xuesi , Li Yukun , Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Wei , Yu Ronghui , Bai Rong , Ma Changsheng , Ruan Yanfei , Liu Nian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of real-time visualization and mapping of the right phrenic nerve (RPN) by using intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.BackgroundRPN injury is a complication associated with the ablation of AF. Multiple approaches are currently being used to prevent and detect RPN injuries. However, none of these approaches can directly visualize the RPN in real-time during the ablation procedure.Methods and resultsThe RPN was detected using ICE. The RPN and its adjacent structures were analysed. The relationship between the RPN’s distance from the superior vena cava (SVC) and its pacing capture threshold was quantified. The safety of SVC isolation guided by the ICE-visualized RPN was evaluated. Thirty-eight people were enrolled in this study. The RPN was visualized by ICE in 92% of patients. It ran through the space between the SVC and the mediastinal pleura and had a ‘straw’-like appearance upon ICE imaging. The course of the RPN was close to the SVC (minimum 1.0 ± 0.4 mm) and the right superior pulmonary vein (minimum 14.1 ± 7.3 mm). There was a positive linear correlation between the RPN’s capture threshold and its distance from the SVC (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.728, &lt; 0.001). SVC isolation was guided by the RPN; none of the patients developed an RPN injury.ConclusionsRPN can be visualized by ICE in most patients, thus providing a novel approach for the real-time detection of RPN during AF ablation.
Reducing last-minute cancellations of elective urological surgery—effectiveness of specialist nurse preoperative assessment
Authors: Spazzapan Martina , Javier Pinky , Abu-Ghanem Yasmin , Dryhurst David , Faure Walker Nicholas , Lunawat Rahul , Nkwam Nkwam , Tasleem Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLast-minute cancellations in urological surgery are a global issue, resulting in the wastage of resources and delays to patient care. In addition to non-cessation of anticoagulants and inadequately treated medical comorbidities, untreated urinary tract infections are a significant cause of last-minute cancellations. This study aimed to ascertain whether the introduction of a specialist nurse clinic resulted in a reduction of last-minute cancellations of elective urological surgery as part of our elective recovery plan following the Coronavirus disease 2019, the contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A specialist urology nurse-led clinic was introduced to review urine culture results preoperatively. Specialist nurses contacted patients with positive urine cultures and their general practitioners by telephone and email to ensure a minimum of 2 days of ‘lead-in’ antibiotics were given prior to surgery. Patients unfit for surgery were postponed and optimized, and vacant slots were backfilled. A new guideline was created to improve the timing and structure of the generic preassessment. Between 1 January 2021 and 30 June 2021, a mean of 40 cases was booked each month, with average cancellations rates of 9.57/40 (23.92%). After implementing changes on 1 July 2021, cancellations fell to 4/124 (3%) for the month. On re-audit, there was a sustained and statistically significant reduction in cancellation rates: between 1 July 2021 and 31 December 2021 cancellations averaged 4.2/97.5 (4.3%, P &lt; .001). Two to nine (2%–16%) patients were started on antibiotics each month, while another zero to two (0%–2%) were contacted for other reasons. The implementation of a specialist urology nurse-led preassessment clinic resulted in a sustained reduction in cancellations of last-minute elective urological procedures.
SystematicIn VitroMetabolic Profiling of the OXIZID Synthetic Cannabinoids BZO-4en-POXIZID, BZO-POXIZID, 5F-BZO-POXIZID, BZO-HEXOXIZID and BZO-CHMOXIZID
Authors: Watanabe Shimpei , Baginski Steven , Iwai Takahiro , Matsushita Ritsuko , Takatsu Masahisa , Nakanishi Toshio , Lindbom Karin , Mckenzie Craig , Vikingsson Svante , Kronstrand Robert , Gréen Henrik , Seto Yasuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new class of synthetic cannabinoids termed OXIZIDs has recently emerged on the recreational drug market. In order to continue the detection of new drugs in biological specimens, the identification of metabolites is essential. The aim of this study was to elucidate the metabolites of BZO-4en-POXIZID produced in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and human hepatocyte incubations and to compare the results with closely related analogs using the same experimental setup. Each drug was incubated for 1 h in HLM and BZO-4en-POXIZID was also incubated in human hepatocytes for up to 3 h. Subsequently, the incubates were analyzed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. BZO-4en-POXIZID metabolites were obtained in the incubation with HLMs and human hepatocytes, via the metabolic pathways of dihydrodiol formation, hydroxylation, reduction of the alkene bond and glucuronidation. The major metabolic pathway was found to be dihydrodiol formation at the pentenyl tail moiety. BZO-POXIZID, 5 F-BZO-POXIZID, BZO-HEXOXIZID and BZO-CHMOXIZID underwent similar metabolism to those reported in the literature, via the metabolic pathways of N-dealkylation, hydroxylation, ketone formation and oxidative defluorination (to alcohol or carboxylic acid). The results suggest that OXIZIDs are mainly metabolized at the N-alkyl moiety and the major metabolic pathways are hydroxylation when the N-alkyl moiety is a simple hydrocarbon, whereas functional-group-specific pathways (dihydrodiol formation and oxidative defluorination) are preferred when the moiety contains specific functional groups (alkene or fluoro), as has been observed for other synthetic cannabinoids. The major metabolites generated via these major metabolic pathways should serve as useful analytical targets for urine analysis. Furthermore, the higher abundance of glucuronidated metabolite suggests that enzymatic hydrolysis of glucuronides may be necessary for urine analysis to increase phase I metabolite concentration and improve detection.
Treatment of Severe Road Rash with ReCell® Autologous Skin Cell Suspension
Authors: Grossman Holly , Pang Alan , Griswold John 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Road rash injuries are often variable in severity, with injuries ranging from simple scrapes to full-thickness burns. Autologous skin cell suspension devices, such as ReCell®, have shown increased promise by creating results comparable to the current standard of care, split-thickness skin grafting with significantly less donor skin required. We present a case of a 29-year-old male with significant road rash after a motorcycle accident at highway speeds, who was successfully treated solely with ReCell application. After surgery, he reported decreased pain with wound care and showed overall wound improvement with no changes in range of motion at 2-week follow-up. This case demonstrates the potential of ReCell as an independent treatment modality for pain and skin injury secondary to severe road rash.
Introduction to the legal mobilization special focus
Authors: Handmaker Jeff 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For many of us who study, or practice legal mobilization, the image of a duck-rabbit can be regarded as a metaphor of the very different world views and vocabularies that legal scholars and legal practitioners as well as social scientists and social activists use in explaining and practising law-based advocacy. Conventional, siloed approaches by academics and practitioners alike are common, though hardly desirable. We feel that rather than ask which vocabulary is more important, it is imperative to focus on the process of how people can understand each other, irrespective of the language and terms they are using. Moreover, we are curious why it is important to make such distinctions in conceptualizing and analysing the context of law-based advocacy and the many forms that legal mobilization adopts.
Effects of epigenetic therapy on natural killer cell function and development in hematologic malignancy
Authors: Lordo Matthew R , Stiff Andrew R , Oakes Christopher C , Mundy-Bosse Bethany L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Epigenetic therapy is an emerging field in the treatment of human cancer, including hematologic malignancies. This class of therapeutic agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for cancer treatment includes DNA hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, IDH1/2 inhibitors, EZH2 inhibitors, and numerous preclinical targets/agents. Most studies measuring the biological effects of epigenetic therapy focus their attention on either their direct cytotoxic effects on malignant cells or their effects on modifying tumor cell antigen expression, exposing them to immune surveillance mechanisms. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic therapy also has effects on the development and function of the immune system, including natural killer cells, which can alter their response to cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the body of literature studying the effects of different classes of epigenetic therapy on the development and/or function of natural killer cells.
Local and large-scale effects on the astrophysics of void galaxies
Authors: Rodríguez-Medrano Agustín M , Paz Dante J , Stasyszyn Federico A , Rodríguez Facundo , Ruiz Andrés N , Merchán Manuel 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Galaxies in cosmic voids have been reported with properties related to a delayed evolution compared to the rest of the Universe. These characteristics reflect the interaction of galaxies with the environment. However, it is not clear the degree of influence of the large-scale structure on the properties of void galaxies or if these are only influenced by the low local density around them typical of these regions. In this article, we identified cosmic voids in the SDSS-DR16 and studied the g–r colour, star formation rate, and concentration of galaxies. We identified galaxy groups to characterize the local environment and studied the properties of galaxies as a function of total and stellar masses, separately analysing those in voids and the general sample. Our results show that galaxies that inhabit haloes of a given mass (below ${\sim}10^{13.5}{\rm M}_{\odot }$), are bluer, have a higher star formation rate and are less concentrated when the host halo is inside voids compared to other regions. For larger halo masses, the trend disappears. We also analyse whether the properties of galaxies are sensitive to the type of voids that inhabit. This is done by separating voids embedded in overdense regions (S-type) from those that asymptotically converge to the average density of the Universe (R-type). We found that galaxies in R-type voids are bluer, with higher SFR and less concentration than in S-type voids. Our results indicate some degree of correlation of galaxy properties with the large-scale environment provided by voids, suggesting possible second-order mechanisms in galaxy evolution.
Exploring the influence of different velocity fields on Wolf–Rayet star spectra
Authors: Lefever R R , Sander A A C , Shenar T , Poniatowski L G , Dsilva K , Todt H 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Given their strong stellar winds, Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars exhibit emission line spectra that are predominantly formed in expanding atmospheric layers. The description of the wind velocity field $\upsilon (r)$ is therefore a crucial ingredient in the spectral analysis of WR stars, possibly influencing the determination of stellar parameters. In view of this, we perform a systematic study by simulating a sequence of WR-star spectra for different temperatures and mass-loss rates using β-type laws with 0.5 ≤ β ≤ 20. We quantify the impact of varying $\upsilon (r)$ by analysing diagnostic lines and spectral classifications of emergent model spectra computed with the Potsdam Wolf–Rayet (PoWR) code. We additionally cross-check these models with hydrodynamically consistent – hydro – model atmospheres. Our analysis confirms that the choice of the β exponent has a strong impact on WR-star spectra, affecting line widths, line strengths, and line profiles. In some parameter regimes, the entire range of WR subtypes could be covered. Comparison with observed WR stars and hydro models revealed that values of β ≳ 8 are unlikely to be realized in nature, but a range of β values needs to be considered in spectral analysis. UV spectroscopy is crucial here to avoid an underestimation of the terminal velocity $\upsilon _\infty$. Neither single- nor double-β descriptions yield an acceptable approximation of the inner wind when compared to hydro models. Instead, we find temperature shifts to lower T2/3 when employing a hydro model. Additionally, there are further hints that round-lined profiles seen in several early WN stars are an effect from non-β velocity laws.
The stellar population responsible for a kiloparsec-size superbubble seen in the JWST ‘phantom’ images of NGC 628
Authors: Mayya Y D , Alzate J A , Lomelí-Núez L , Zaragoza-Cardiel J , Gómez-González V M A , Silich S , Fernández-Arenas D , Vega O , Ovando P A , Rodríguez L H , Rosa-González D , Luna A , Zamora-Avilés M , Rosales-Ortega F 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We here study the multiband properties of a kiloparsec-size superbubble in the late-type spiral galaxy NGC 628. The superbubble is the largest of many holes seen in the early release images using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/MIRI filters that trace the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions. The superbubble is located in the interarm region ∼3 kpc from the Galactic Centre in the south-east direction. The shell surrounding the superbubble is detected in H i, CO, and H α with an expansion velocity of 12 km s−1 and contains as much as 2 × 107 M⊙ of mass in gas that is mostly in molecular form. We find a clear excess of blue, bright stars inside the bubble as compared to the surrounding disc on the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys images. These excess blue, bright stars are part of a stellar population of 105 M⊙ mass that is formed over the last 50 Myr in different star formation episodes, as determined from an analysis of colour–magnitude diagrams using a Bayesian technique. The mechanical power injected by the massive stars of these populations is sufficient to provide the energy necessary for the expansion of the shell gas. Slow and steady, rather than violent, injection of energy is probably the reason for the maintenance of the shell structure over the kiloparsec scale. The expanding shell is currently the site for triggered star formation as inferred from the JWST 21 µm (F2100W filter) and the H α images.
A possible signature of the influence of tidal perturbations in dwarf galaxy scaling relations
Authors: Watkins A E , Salo H , Kaviraj S , Collins C A , Knapen J H , Venhola A , Román J 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Dwarf galaxies are excellent cosmological probes, because their shallow potential wells make them very sensitive to the key processes that drive galaxy evolution, including baryonic feedback, tidal interactions, and ram pressure stripping. However, some of the key parameters of dwarf galaxies, which help trace the effects of these processes, are still debated, including the relationship between their sizes and masses. We re-examine the Fornax Cluster dwarf population from the point of view of isomass-radius–stellar mass relations (IRSMRs) using the Fornax Deep Survey Dwarf galaxy Catalogue, with the centrally located (among dwarfs) $3.63 \mathcal {M}_{\odot }$ pc−2 isodensity radius defining our fiducial relation. This relation is a powerful diagnostic tool for identifying dwarfs with unusual structure, as dwarf galaxies’ remarkable monotonicity in light profile shapes, as a function of stellar mass, reduces the relation’s scatter tremendously. By examining how different dwarf properties (colour, 10th nearest neighbour distance, etc.) correlate with distance from our fiducial relation, we find a significant population of structural outliers with comparatively lower central mass surface density and larger half-light-radii, residing in locally denser regions in the cluster, albeit with similar red colours. We propose that these faint, extended outliers likely formed through tidal disturbances, which make the dwarfs more diffuse, but with little mass-loss. Comparing these outliers with ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs), we find that the term UDG lacks discriminatory power; UDGs in the Fornax Cluster lie both on and off of IRSMRs defined at small radii, while IRSMR outliers with masses below $\sim 10^{7.5} \mathcal {M}_{\odot }$ are excluded from the UDG classification due to their small effective radii.
The effects of Galactic model uncertainties on LISA observations of double neutron stars
Authors: Storck Anatole , Church Ross P 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Observations of binaries containing pairs of neutron stars using the upcoming space-based gravitational wave observatory, LISA, have the potential to improve our understanding of neutron star physics and binary evolution. In this work, we assess the effect of changing the model of the Milky Way’s kinematics and star formation history on predictions of the population of double neutron stars that will be detected and resolved by LISA. We conclude that the spatial distribution of these binaries is insensitive to the choice of Galactic models, compared to the stochastic variation induced by the small sample size. In particular, the time-consuming computation of the binaries’ Galactic orbits is not necessary. The distributions of eccentricity and gravitational-wave frequency are, however, affected by the choice of star formation history. Binaries with eccentricities e  &gt; 0.1, which can be measured by LISA observations, are mostly younger than $100\, {\rm Myr}$. We caution that comparisons between different predictions for LISA observations need to use consistent star formation histories, and that the Galactic star formation history should be taken into account in the analysis of the observations themselves. The lack of strong dependence on Galactic models means that LISA detection of double neutron star binaries may provide a relatively clean probe of massive binary star evolution.
Noise reduction in single-shot images using an auto-encoder
Authors: Bartlett Oliver J , Benoit David M , Pimbblet Kevin A , Simmons Brooke , Hunt Laura 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an application of auto-encoders to the problem of noise reduction in single-shot astronomical images and explore its suitability for upcoming large-scale surveys. Auto-encoders are a machine learning model that summarizes an input to identify its key features, and then from this knowledge predicts a representation of a different input. The broad aim of our auto-encoder model is to retain morphological information (e.g. non-parametric morphological information) from the survey data while simultaneously reducing the noise contained in the image. We implement an auto-encoder with convolutional and max pooling layers. We test our implementation on images from the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System that contain varying levels of noise and report how successful our auto-encoder is by considering mean squared error, structural similarity index, the second-order moment of the brightest 20 per cent of the galaxy’s flux M20, and the Gini coefficient, while noting how the results vary between original images, stacked images, and noise-reduced images. We show that we are able to reduce noise, over many different targets of observations, while retaining the galaxy’s morphology, with metric evaluation on a target-by-target analysis. We establish that this process manages to achieve a positive result in a matter of minutes, and by only using one single-shot image compared to multiple survey images found in other noise reduction techniques.
PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1) interacts with JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) and MYC2 to modulate phosphate deficiency-induced jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: He Kunrong , Du Jiancan , Han Xiao , Li Huiqiong , Kui Mengyi , Zhang Juping , Huang Zhichong , Fu Qiantang , Jiang Yanjuan , Hu Yanru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a macronutrient necessary for plant growth and development. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency modulates the signaling pathway of the phytohormone jasmonate in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the underlying molecular mechanism currently remains elusive. Here, we confirmed that jasmonate signaling was enhanced under low Pi conditions, and the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)-mediated pathway is critical for this process. A mechanistic investigation revealed that several JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors physically interacted with the Pi signaling-related core transcription factors PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1), PHR1-LIKE2 (PHL2), and PHL3. Phenotypic analyses showed that PHR1 and its homologs positively regulated jasmonate-induced anthocyanin accumulation and root growth inhibition. PHR1 stimulated the expression of several jasmonate-responsive genes, whereas JAZ proteins interfered with its transcriptional function. Furthermore, PHR1 physically associated with the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4. Genetic analyses and biochemical assays indicated that PHR1 and MYC2 synergistically increased the transcription of downstream jasmonate-responsive genes and enhanced the responses to jasmonate. Collectively, our study reveals the crucial regulatory roles of PHR1 in modulating jasmonate responses and provides a mechanistic understanding of how PHR1 functions together with JAZ and MYC2 to maintain the appropriate level of jasmonate signaling under conditions of Pi deficiency.
Complex systems of secrecy: the offshore networks of oligarchs
Authors: Chang Ho-Chun Herbert , Harrington Brooke , Fu Feng , Rockmore Daniel N 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Following the invasion of Ukraine, the USA, UK, and EU governments–among others–sanctioned oligarchs close to Putin. This approach has come under scrutiny, as evidence has emerged of the oligarchs’ successful evasion of these punishments. To address this problem, we analyze the role of an overlooked but highly influential group: the secretive professional intermediaries who create and administer the oligarchs’ offshore financial empires. Drawing on the Offshore Leaks Database provided by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), we examine the ties linking offshore expert advisors (lawyers, accountants, and other wealth management professionals) to ultra-high-net-worth individuals from four countries: Russia, China, the USA, and Hong Kong. We find that resulting nation-level “oligarch networks” share a scale-free structure characterized by a heterogeneity of heavy-tailed degree distributions of wealth managers; however, network topologies diverge across clients from democratic versus autocratic regimes. While generally robust, scale-free networks are fragile when targeted by attacks on highly connected nodes. Our “knock-out” experiments pinpoint this vulnerability to the small group of wealth managers themselves, suggesting that sanctioning these professional intermediaries may be more effective and efficient in disrupting dark finance flows than sanctions on their wealthy clients. This vulnerability is especially pronounced amongst Russian oligarchs, who concentrate their offshore business in a handful of boutique wealth management firms. The distinctive patterns we identify suggest a new approach to sanctions, focused on expert intermediaries to disrupt the finances and alliances of their wealthy clients. More generally, our research contributes to the larger body of work on complexity science and the structures of secrecy.