bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Agronomic Performance and Fruit Quality of Four Genotypes of Bell Pepper under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Castañeda Lorena Silvestre , Montejo Neymar Camposeco , López Josué Israel García , Naveda Antonio Flores , Torres Norma Angélica Ruiz , Chacón Xóchitl Ruelas , Rico Juan Samuel J. G. Alcalá , Bautista Adriana Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Aims: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate agronomic performance of four pepper genotypes under greenhouse conditions, and to determine the nutritional content of their fruits.
Study Design: Was with the completely randomized model with four treatments (genotypes P-01, P-02, P-03 and P-04) and four repetitions each. The comparison of means was by Tukey ≤.05.
Place and Duration of Study: Experimental greenhouse "The Bajío” Buenavista, Plant Breeding Department of the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. between March 2021 to December 2021.
Methodology: Four genotypes of bell pepper were evaluated (P-01, P-02, P-03 and P-04), through the quantification and determination of morphological variables, yield, as well as the physicochemical and nutritional quality of the pepper fruits.
Results: Significant statistical differences were identified in the number of fruits per plant, highlighting P-03, P-04 with 13.81 and 13.53 fruits, in fruit length, the P-01 genotype exceeded the rest of the genotypes by more than 16.5 %. For physicochemical evaluations there were no significant differences, however, there was a 10 % increase in firmness and mesocarp thickness in the P-03 and P-04 genotypes. Regarding carotenoids, P-03 had 52 % more than the rest of the genotypes, the P-01 genotype stood out in antioxidant capacity with 6 and 15 % for ABTS and FRAP, while the P-02 genotype stood out in a 26 % for DDPH. The color of the fruits turned out to be yellow red, highlighting P-03 and P-02 in terms of luminosity.
Conclusion: Due to the length of the fruits, the genetic potential of the P-03 genotype could be exploited, while due to the number of fruits harvested per plant, the genotypes with the greatest potential are P-02 and P-04. The variables with differences between treatments can lead to the selection of genotypes of better commercial quality and greater fruit set.
Studi Mengenai Directed Changes dan Constructive Changes pada Proyek Bangunan Tinggi di Surabaya
Authors: Henuk Yohana Gunawan , Nugraha Paul , Andi Andi 
Published: February 2023

Change order terdiri dari directed changes (perubahan formal) dan constructive changes (perubahan informal). Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai apa saja faktor penyebab change order yang terjadi serta dampaknya dalam hal biaya, waktu dan produktivitas. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada proyek bangunan tinggi di Surabaya, termasuk melakukan studi kasus pada sebuah proyek kampus di Surabaya. Penelitian dimulai dengan menemukan faktor-faktor penyebab change order melalui studi literatur, yang dilanjutkan dengan proses penyusunan kuesioner. Proses analisa data dilakukan dengan analisa deskriptif dan dilakukan Kruskal Wallis Test serta uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pendapat antara pihak owner, konsultan pengawas, dan kontraktor baik perubahan secara formal maupun informal tidak ada perbedaan. Sedangkan pendapat antara pihak tersebut terhadap dampak biaya, waktu, dan produktivitas pada proyek berbeda pada beberapa faktor. Sedangkan untuk hasil penelitian dari proyek kampus di Surabaya, didapati 7 faktor untuk perubahan formal serta 1 faktor untuk perubahan informal yang terjadi.
Intracellular mechanisms mediating the neuronal death and astrogliosis induced by the prion protein fragment 106–126
Authors: Thellung Stefano , Florio Tullio , Corsaro Alessandro , Arena Sara , Merlino Massimo , Salmona Mario , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Bugiani Orso , Forloni Gianluigi , Schettini Gennaro 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPrion encephalopathies include fatal diseases of the central nervous system of men and animals characterized by nerve cell loss, glial proliferation and deposition of amyloid fibrils into the brain. During these diseases a cellular glycoprotein (the prion protein, PrPC) is converted, through a not yet completely clear mechanism, in an altered isoform (the prion scrapie, PrPSc) that accumulates within the brain tissue by virtue of its resistance to the intracellular catabolism. PrPSc is believed to be responsible for the neuronal loss that is observed in the prion disease. The PrP 106–126, a synthetic peptide that has been obtained from the amyloidogenic portion of the prion protein, represents a suitable model for studying the pathogenic role of the PrPSc, retaining, in vitro, some characteristics of the entire protein, such as the capability to aggregate in fibrils, and the neurotoxicity. In this work we present the results we have recently obtained regarding the action of the PrP 106–126 in different cellular models. We report that the PrP 106–126 induces proliferation of cortical astrocytes, as well as degeneration of primary cultures of cortical neurons or of neuroectodermal stable cell lines (GH3 cells). In particular, these two opposite effects are mediated by the same attitude of the peptide to interact with the L‐type calcium channels: in the astrocytes, the activity of these channels seems to be activated by PrP 106–126, while, in the cortical neurons and in the GH3 cells, the same treatment causes a blockade of these channels causing a toxic effect.
Oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease: the metabolic dimension
Authors: Perry George , Nunomura Akihiko , Hirai Keisuke , Takeda Atsushi , Aliev Gjumrakch , Smith Mark A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCell bodies of neurons at risk of death in Alzheimer disease have increased lipid peroxidation, nitration, free carbonyls, and nucleic acid oxidation. These oxidative changes are uniform among neurons and are seen whether or not the neurons display neurofibrillary tangles and, in fact, are acutally reduced in the latter case. In consideration of this localization of damage, in this review, we provide a summary of recent work demonstrating some key abnormalities that may initiate and promote neuronal oxidatave damage.
Dietary vitamin E and T cell‐mediated function in the elderly: effectiveness and mechanism of action
Authors: Serafini Mauro 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOne of the most dramatic and consequence‐bearing age‐related phenomena is the decline of the immune function with old age. Age‐related T cell‐mediated immunity dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of many of the chronic degenerative diseases of the elderly, including arthritis, cancer, autoimmune diseases and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. T cells from aged individuals are impaired in their response to mitogens and in their cytokine production. In recent years, several studies have emphasized the importance of intracellular anti‐oxidant levels for preserving the immune function. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of action of anti‐oxidants on cellular metabolism, have shown that anti‐oxidants may modulate signal transduction and gene expression in immune cells. Vitamin E is widely recognized as a major lipid‐soluble chain‐breaking anti‐oxidant in the biological membrane, where it scavenges free radicals, inhibiting the initiation and chain propagation of lipid peroxidation and protecting cellular structures against oxidative stress damage. Experimental studies have provided evidences for a role of vitamin E in protecting the immune system of elderly subjects. This article reviews the studies concerning the effect of both vitamin E deficiency and supplementation on T cell‐mediated immune function in aging. Following a chronological pathway, the present article will also discuss the knowledge regarding the underlying mechanism of action of vitamin E.
An analysis of nontraditional activities at U.S. commercial banks
Authors: Rogers Kevin , Sinkey Joseph F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn recent years, commercial banking in the United States has experienced a decline in its traditional business of financing loans by issuing deposits. Simultaneously, banks have become more involved in nontraditional activities that provide financial services and generate fee income. As a result, real aggregate noninterest income has risen relative to income from traditional activities. This paper examines features common to banks that are heavily engaged in nontraditional areas. The empirical analysis suggests that these banks tend to be larger, have smaller net interest margins, have relatively fewer core deposits, and exhibit less risk. These findings have intuitive appeal and conform to conventional wisdom; while larger banks have fewer core deposits and face more competitive interest rate conditions, resulting in narrow spreads from traditional intermediation, they have more diverse sources of revenue and greater access to financial markets, which reduces risk.
Nifedipine or hydralazine as a first‐line agent to control hypertension in severe preeclampsia
Authors: AALI BIBI SHAHNAZ , NEJAD SAMIRA SHAHABI 
Published: July 2002

Background. Pre‐eclampsia is one of the most serious and common complications of pregnancy. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, and the vasodilator hydralazine have both been used as antihypertensive agents in this condition. The aim of this study was to determine which of these two agents is the most appropriate antihypertensive in the management of severe pre‐eclampsia.Methods. One hundred and twenty‐six pre‐eclamptic patients with a gestational age of more than 20 weeks were randomized to receive either 8 mg nifedipine sublingually or 5–10 mg intravenous hydralazine. Women with a history of heart failure and women receiving antihypertensive treatment during the course of the current pregnancy were excluded. For each patient the following data were recorded; the number of drug administrations, the time needed to control blood pressure, mean urinary output, the time interval between effective control and a new hypertensive crisis after each drug administration and relevant adverse effects in mother or fetus.Results. Effective control of blood pressure was achieved in both treatment arms. Data analysis indicated significantly fewer drug administrations in the nifedipine arm of the study. The time interval before a new hypertensive crisis following initial effective control of blood pressure was significantly longer in the nifedipine group when compared with hydralazine. Effective control of blood pressure was achieved more rapidly in multiparous patients receiving nifedipine (p=0.026). Mean urinary output before and after delivery was greater in the nifedipine arm of the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in other variables. In addition, in neither group were there any serious adverse effects in mother or fetus.Conclusion. Nifedipine is safe and more effective than hydralazine in controlling blood pressure in severe pre‐eclampsia. It has the added advantage of being cheaper and more widely available than the latter and is easily administered.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Serious Traumatic Injury in Older Adults
Authors: Richmond Therese S. , Kauder Donald , Strumpf Neville , Meredith Tammy 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES: To describe the seriously injured older adult; characterize and compare the differences in injury characteristics and outcomes in three subgroups of seriously injured older adults: aged 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 and older; and identify risk factors for death, complications, and discharge placement at hospital discharge.DESIGN: A retrospective secondary analysis of a statewide trauma data set from 1988 through 1997.SETTING: Data submitted from all designated trauma centers in Pennsylvania.PARTICIPANTS: The data set yielded 38,707 patients with a mean age of 77.5 years with serious injury (mean number of injuries = 3.6, mean number of body systems involved = 2).MEASUREMENTS: Key outcomes were mortality, complications, and discharge placement. Abbreviated Injury Score categorized injuries and Injury Severity Score (ISS) quantified anatomic severity of injury.RESULTS: Mortality was 10%. Mean length of stay was 11.5 days. Just over half (52.2%) of survivors were discharged home; 25.4% were discharged to a skilled nursing facility. Injury severity, total number of injuries, complications, and increasing age were predictors of mortality (P < .01). The presence of preexisting comorbid medical conditions increased the odds of experiencing a complication over threefold. Increasing age, total number of injuries, injury to extremities or abdominal contents, injuries due to falls, and lower functional level predicted discharge to a skilled nursing facility (P < .01).CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic injuries affect older adults of all ages and are typically multisystem and life threatening. The standard ISS does not fully capture the potential for mortality in older adults and does not predict discharge placement. The majority of older adults survive multisystem injury. Our findings indicate the need to examine outcomes beyond mortality and to make the identification and management of comorbid conditions a priority. A geriatric consultation service could be an important addition to the interdisciplinary trauma team.
Backscattering analyzer geometry as a straightforward and precise method for monochromator characterization at third-generation synchrotron-radiation sources (abstract)
Authors: Snigirev A. A. , Lequien S. , Suvorov A. Yu. 
Published: July 2002

With the assessment of the third generation of synchrotron-radiation sources, insertion devices (ID) are going to become extensively used. The choice of the ID field configuration allows the optimization of the photon flux at the desired energy. This attractive situation results in a much higher flux on optical elements, mainly on monochromators for which new cooling schemes have to be developed. These latter must be characterized under operating conditions and generally, the figure of merit for monochromators is the rocking curve (RC) measurement. By varying the ID field, the monochromator may be fully characterized with regard to the heat load. To achieve this aim, we have proposed and tested a double-crystal setup where a Si analyzer crystal installed in backscattering geometry (BSG) is coupled with a silicon p-i-n photodiode as the detection system (Fig. 1). The analyzer was a standard Si wafer (111) orientation, from which we used the following Bragg reflections: 333, 444, 555, 777, 888, 999, ... to measure the RCs of monochromators keeping the analyzer fixed. We were then able to probe the formers at the respective energies 5.9, 7.9, 9.9, 13.8, 15.8, 17.8 keV, etc. Setting the analyzer crystal in BSG, we get several-fold benefits from the method: (1) A very good angular resolution (∼10−6 rad) when one combines the BSG analyzer with narrow slits (∼100 μm). (2) A high-energy resolution yielding to a calibration of the monochromator with an accuracy better than 1 eV.
(3) The analyzer crystal attenuates the reflected intensity which avoids the use of any scatterer foil to count the number of photons. We directly used photodiodes which are well known to respond linearly to radiation intensities and to have a high dynamic range (more than 6 decades). (4) No fine mechanics is needed for the analyzer, just a simple manual turntable can be used to set the analyzer in BSG through the utilization of a laser beam. Results on different tests for operating liquid–N2-cooled channel-cut monochromators at microfocus and high brilliance beamlines will be presented and discussed. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the ESRF EDS group, especially C. Riekel, P. Engström, I. Snigireva, M. Kocsis, P. Bösecke, and O. Diat.
Nonlinear strain effects in ion-implanted GaAs
Authors: Paine B. M. , Speriosu V. S. 
Published: July 2002

The nonlinear production of strain in (100) GaAs by room-temperature ion implantation has been studied. Ions of Ne, Si, and Te were used, with energies of 300, 300, and 500 keV, respectively. Doses ranged up to those required for amorphization. Strains were monitored by x-ray double-crystal diffractometry. Rocking curves were recorded about the (400) Bragg condition and detailed depth profiles of strain perpendicular to the sample surface, ε⊥(x), found by fitting the rocking curves with a kinematic model. These were compared with calculated profiles of the density of energy deposited in nuclear interactions, ρE(x). Rocking curves were also recorded about the (422) Bragg condition for selected samples, to monitor strain in the direction
parallel with their surfaces. At low doses, ε⊥(x) is a linear function of ρE(x). At doses sufficient to create strains exceeding about 0.3%, strong nonlinearities are evident and strain profiles depart significantly from the ρE(x) curves. For the Ne and Si implantations, the profiles tend to saturate at 0.4%–0.5% over a depth of ∼4000 Å. At higher doses a narrow (∼2000 Å), sharply peaked region develops, with strains up to 1.5%. At still higher doses this region becomes amorphous. The Te-implanted samples do not experience appreciable saturation; rather a sharply peaked profile develops, and grows with dose to amorphicity. Curves of ε⊥ vs ρE were extracted by comparison of ε⊥(x) and ρE(x) profiles. These demonstrated that for each ion species ε⊥ is a unique function of ρE at all depths. Although this function has the same general form for all three implantations, the curves differ from species to species. Above ε⊥=0.3%, ε⊥ increases sublinearly with ρE for all three implanted ions. For Ne and Si, ε⊥ becomes almost constant at 0.4%, beginning at ρE∼0.15 eV/Å3. The strain ε⊥ starts increasing again with ρE at about 0.7 eV/Å3 for Ne and 0.3 eV/Å3 for Si, until the GaAs goes amorphous. The curve for Te shows only a slight inflection at ε⊥∼0.3%, continuing to increase with ρE to amorphicity. Parallel strains in the Si-implanted samples were not more than 0.02% at all values of ρE.
Electronic energy-level structure of trivalent holmium in yttrium aluminum garnet
Authors: Gruber John B. , Seltzer Michael D. , Pugh Vincent J. , Richardson Frederick S. 
Published: July 2002

The optical-absorption spectrum of Ho3+:Y3Al5O12 (Ho:YAG) has been analyzed between 220 and 2160 nm under variable temperature conditions between 4 and 60 K. Measurements between 220 and 470 nm were obtained from a Ho:YAG crystal that contained 15 at. % holmium. A crystal containing 0.5 at. % holmium was used to obtain the spectrum between 470 and 2160 nm. Within the temperature and total spectral range, more than 1500 transitions due to Ho3+(4f10) were observed and attributed to transitions between individual crystal-field (Stark) levels of the ground-state multiplet 5I8, and 49 different excited multiplet manifolds, 4f10(2S+1LJ), of trivalent holmium. From an analysis of these transitions it was possible to establish 419 of the 486 Stark levels predicted below 45 000 cm−1. This large number of experimentally characterized energy levels provided a suitable basis for a detailed analysis of the 4f10(Ho3+) electronic state structure in Ho:YAG. The analysis was carried out using a model Hamiltonian that assumes D2 site symmetry for the Ho3+ ions and incorporates all of the interactions known to have a significant influence on the 4fN electronic state structure of trivalent lanthanide ions in crystalline hosts. The radial-dependent parts of the interaction terms in the model Hamiltonian are represented in parametric form, and the resulting parameters are used as variables in fitting calculated-to-experimental energy-level data.
The parametric fits of energy-level data yield a rms deviation of ∼11 cm−1 between the calculated and observed locations of the 419 experimentally assigned levels (between 0 and 45 000 cm−1), and both the isotropic and anisotropic (crystal-field) interaction parameters of the model Hamiltonian are well characterized by these data fits. Among the 50 4f10[SL]J multiplet manifolds represented in the energy-level analysis, only three show major discrepancies between calculated and observed crystal-field splitting energies. The three problematic multiplet regions are: (5G6, 5F1), centered at 22 258 cm−1, 5G5, centered at ∼24 040 cm−1; and (5G3, 3L9), centered close to 28 950 cm−1. These same multiplet regions have posed problems in energy-level analyses of Ho3+(4f10) in other systems. The possible influence of correlation crystal-field (CCF) interactions on these multiplet manifolds is explored in the present study, but CCF effects appear to be small. Overall, the model Hamiltonian derived gives an excellent representation of 4f10(Ho3+) energy-level structure in Ho:YAG, and the eigenvectors of this Hamiltonian should provide a satisfactory basis for future calculations and modeling studies of Ho:YAG optical and magneto-optical properties.
A coupled states distorted wave study of the O(3P)+H2 (D2, HD, DH) reaction
Authors: Schatz George C. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper, the coupled states distorted wave (CSDW) method is used to study the quantum reactive collision dynamics of O(3P)+H2 → OH+H and its D2, HD, and DH counterparts. The potential surface used is the sum of a LEPS potential (due to Johnson and Winter) and a correction factor which raises the barrier for H+OH → HO+H exchange to a realistic value. Full basis set convergence of the CSDW transition probabilities is established at low energies where tunneling dominates the dynamics, which means that the calculated cross sections should be exact except for errors introduced by the CS approximation, and the latter are expected to be less than 30%. The results presented for all four isotopes include: reaction probabilities as a function of energy E and total angular momentum J, total and state to state integral cross sections (including an analysis of product state distributions), and thermal and state resolved rate constants. Comparison of the results with those of several previous dynamical calculations on the same or similar surfaces is made and the accuracy of the approximations made in those calculations is assessed. For example, the product rotational distributions predicted by vibrationally adiabatic distorted wave theory are found to be quite close to what we calculate, although the absolute magnitudes of the cross sections are quite different. Comparison with the results of quasiclassical trajectory calculations indicates good agreement of the reactive cross sections well above the classical threshold, but not of the rate constants (because of tunneling) or of isotope ratios. Wigner corrected conventional transition state theory is very inaccurate in predicting rate constants, but a method which uses collinear exact quantum (CEQ) transmission coefficients to correct transition state theory does quite well. Variational transition state theory estimates of the rate constants and isotope ratios are also quite good, with the CSDW results generally bracketed by results obtained using the least action ground state (LAG) and small curvature ground state (SCTSAG) tunneling approximations. Comparison with experimental rate constants and isotope ratios is studied, and we find that the CSDW results are just outside the experimental error bars in all cases. The present results
on the corrected Johnson and Winter surface are found to be slightly less accurate than the best estimates of rate constants and isotope ratios obtained using the modified POLCI surface of Walch and co-workers, suggesting that the latter surface is more accurate.