bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Quantile Treatment Effects Analysis to Describe Antidepressant Response in Randomized Clinical Trials Submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Meyerson William U. , Pieper Carl F. , Hoyle Rick H. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global distress and disability. Earlier studies have indicated that antidepressant therapy confers a modest reduction in depressive symptoms on average, but the distribution of this reduction requires more research.ObjectiveTo estimate the distribution of antidepressant response by depression severity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this secondary analysis of pooled trial data, quantile treatment effect (QTE) analysis was conducted from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database of antidepressant monotherapy for patients with MDD, encompassing 232 positive and negative trials submitted to the FDA between 1979 and 2016. Analysis was restricted to participants with severe MDD (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAMD-17] score ≥20). Data analysis was conducted from August 16, 2022, to April 16, 2023.InterventionAntidepressant monotherapy compared with placebo.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe distribution of percentage depression response was compared between the pooled treatment arm and pooled placebo arm. Percentage depression response was defined as 1 minus the ratio of final depression severity to baseline depression severity, expressed as a percentage. Depression severity was reported in HAMD-17-equivalent units.ResultsA total of 57 313 participants with severe depression were included in the analysis. There was no significant imbalance in baseline depression severity between the pooled treatment arm and pooled placebo arm, with a mean HAMD-17 difference of 0.037 points (P = .11 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). An interaction term test for rank similarity did not reject the rank similarity governing percentage depression response (P &amp;gt; .99). The entire distribution of depression response was more favorable in the pooled treatment arm than in the pooled placebo arm. The maximum separation between treatment and placebo occurred at the 55th quantile and corresponded to an absolute improvement in depression due to active drug of 13.5% (95% CI, 12.4%-14.4%). The separation between treatment and placebo diminished near the tails of the distribution.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this QTE analysis of pooled clinical trial data from the FDA, antidepressants were found to confer a small reduction in depression severity that was broadly distributed across participants with severe depression. Alternatively, if the assumptions behind the QTE analysis are not met, then the data are also compatible with antidepressants eliciting more complete response in a smaller subset of participants than is suggested by this QTE analysis.
Optimizing Both Bulk and Surface Structure of Li‐Rich Layered Cathodes for Long‐Life and Safe Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Ying , Shi Zhepu , Qiu Bao , Zhao Jialiang , Li Xiao , Zhang Yibin , Li Tingting , Gu Qingwen , Gao Jing , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough oxygen redox in Li‐rich layered cathodes can boost the available capacity over 250 mAh g−1, it also brings a rapid capacity fade upon long‐term cycling and serious safety issue during thermal abuse. To circumvent these problems, an integrated strategy via interlayer regulation at surface and the delocalization of Li2MnO3‐like domain on bulk is proposed. The controllable interlayer by atomic layer deposition can maximize the coating effects on elimination of the lattice mismatch to inhibit the structural degradation during cycling. And the delocalized Li2MnO3‐like domain through compositional control can fully prohibit lattice oxygen release from the bulk to improve the thermal stability of electrode. The optimized cathode material exhibits a capacity retention of 94.0% after 200 cycles. A 1.25 Ah multilayer pouch cell with the cathode and graphite anode delivers an outstanding cycling performance that retains 80.4% of its capacity at 0.5 C after 710 cycles. More importantly, the distinguished safety features derived from the method are verified after successfully passing practical‐level thermal safety and nail penetration test.
Mn‐Oxygen Compounds Coordinated Ruthenium Sites with Deprotonated and Low Oxophilic Microenvironments for Membrane Electrolyzer‐Based H2‐Production
Authors: Yang Chengdong , Wu Zihe , Zhao Zhenyang , Gao Yun , Ma Tian , Luo Xianglin , Cheng Chong , Wang Yi , Li Shuang , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmong the platinum‐group metals, ruthenium (Ru), with a low water dissociation energy, is considered a promising alternative to substitute Pt for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, optimizing the adsorption–desorption energies of H* and OH* intermediates on Ru catalytic sites is extremely desirable but remains challenging. Inspired by the natural catalytic characteristics of Mn‐oxygen complex, this study reports to design Mn‐oxygen compounds coordinated Ru sites (MOC‐Ru) with deprotonated and low oxophilic microenvironments for modulating the adsorption–desorption of H* and OH* to promote HER kinetics. Benefiting from the unique advantages of MOC structures, including weakened HOH bond at interface, electron donation ability, and deprotonation capability, the MOC‐Ru exhibits extremely low overpotential and ultralong stability in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Experimental observations and theoretical calculations elucidate that the MOC can accelerate water dissociation kinetics and promote OH* desorption in alkaline conditions and trigger the long‐range H* spillover for H2‐release in acid conditions. The outstanding activity and stability of membrane electrolyzer display that the MOC‐Ru catalyst holds great potential as cathode for H2‐production. This study provides essential insights into the crucial roles of deprotonated and low oxophilic microenvironments in HER catalysis and offers a new pathway to create an efficient water‐splitting cathode.
Large Polaron Conduction, Photoconductivity, and Photochromism in GdOxH3−2x Oxyhydride Thin Films
Authors: Colombi Giorgio , Boshuizen Bart , Chaykina Diana , Hsu Leyi , Schreuders Herman , Savenije Tom J. , Dam Bernard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAt ambient conditions, rare‐earth oxyhydride thin films show reversible photochromism and photoconductivity, while their mechanism and relation are still unclear. In this work, this question is explored with in situ time‐resolved measurements of both optical and transport properties of Gd‐based oxyhydride thin films. It is found that p‐type large polaron conduction is the initial mechanism of charge transport; however, upon photo‐darkening, a 104‐fold increase of conductivity occurs, and n‐type carriers become dominant. Further, photochromism and photoconductivity are shown to originate from a single process, as indicated by the fact that the photoconductivity is exponentially proportional to the increase of optical absorption. This exponential relation, notably, cannot stem from any of the optically absorbing species thought responsible for photochromism and, therefore, suggests that their formation is accompanied by a concerted increase of negative charge carriers in the Gd oxyhydride films.
Preparation of Novel Heterodimensional Structured Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nano‐Film by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technology
Authors: Gao Dongwen , Wang Li , Su Xueqiong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChalcogenide based nano‐films have attracted considerable attention as a new type of semiconductor material in the fields of optical waveguides, laser devices, and solar cells. However, it remains challenging to use them effectively in a variety of fields, mainly due to their intricate fabrication procedures and limited electrical characteristics. In this study, zinc selenide (ZnSe) is doped with molybdenum (Mo) and gallium (Ga). The heterodimensional structured chalcogenide semiconductor nano‐film is obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirm that the structure of the nano‐film is compact and the composition is uniformly distributed. The transmittance of all samples is close to 100% in the 400–2000 nm range shown. The P/N type of the film can be controlled by changing the preparation conditions. All the results indicate that the novel heterodimensional structured chalcogenide semiconductor nano‐film in this study has a simple and efficient preparation method, controllable composition, and unique optical/electrical properties. These properties can be used in integrated circuits and photovoltaic power generation.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the synergistic effect of a compound surfactant on the stability of CO2 oil‐based foam
Authors: Wang Zhoujie , Li Songyan , Li Shaopeng , Zhu Jianzhong , Yang Heng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is of great significance to study the stability of foams in the petroleum industry. Therefore, the stability mechanism of Span 20, the fluorinated surfactant FCO‐80 and their mixture FS in a CO2 oil‐based foam system were studied by molecular simulation. The sandwich model of CO2 oil‐based foam was constructed to reveal the stability of the foam system from the microscopic perspective. The result shows that under the synergistic effect of Span 20 and FCO‐80, the oil–CO2 distance of the FS foam system and the coordination number of oil molecules are larger than those of Span 20 and FCO‐80 foam system. In FS foam system, the diffusion coefficients of CO2 molecules are small, and the surface tension is reduced, which can improve the stability of foam. The results can supplement previous experimental results on the stability of oil‐based foam.
Pollinators differ in their contribution to the male fitness of a self‐incompatible composite
Authors: Pearson Avery E. , Zelman Zeke , Hill Lauryn A. , Stevens Mia A. , Jackson Evan X. , Incarnato Miyauna M. N. , Johnson Ren M. , Wagenius Stuart , Ison Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPremiseReproductive fitness in plants is often determined by the quantity and quality of pollen transferred by pollinators. However, many fitness studies measure only female fitness or rely on proxies for male fitness. Here we assessed how five bee taxon groups affect male fitness in a prairie plant by quantifying pollen removal, visitation, and siring success using paternity assignments and a unique pollinator visitation experiment.MethodsIn Echinacea angustifolia, we measured per‐visit pollen removal for each pollinator taxon and estimated the number of pollen grains needed for successful ovule fertilization. Additionally, we directly measured pollinator influence on siring by allowing only one bee taxon to visit each pollen‐donor plant, while open‐pollinated plants acted as unrestricted pollen recipients. We genotyped the resulting offspring, assigned paternity, and used aster statistical models to quantify siring success.ResultsSiring success of pollen‐donor plants differed among the five pollinator groups. Nongrooming male bees were associated with increased siring success. Bees from all taxa removed most of the flowering head's pollen in one visit. However, coneflower‐specialist bee Andrena helianthiformis removed the most pollen per visit. Female fitness and proxy measures of male fitness, such as pollinator visitation and pollen removal, did not align with our direct quantifications of male fitness.ConclusionsOur results illustrate the need for more studies to directly quantify male fitness, and we caution against using male fitness proxy measures. In addition, conservation efforts that preserve a diverse pollinator community can benefit plants in fragmented landscapes.
A Polyoxometalate‐Based Pathologically Activated Assay for Efficient Bioorthogonal Catalytic Selective Therapy
Authors: Zhao Huisi , Zhao Chuanqi , Liu Zhengwei , Yi Jiadai , Liu Xuemeng , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince polyoxometalates (POMs) can undergo reversible multi‐electron redox transformations, they have been used to modulate the electronic environment of metal nanoparticles for catalysis. Besides, POMs possess unique electronic structures and acid‐responsive self‐assembly ability. These properties inspired us to tackle the drawbacks of the copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in biomedical applications, such as low catalytic efficiency and unsatisfactory disease selectivity. Herein, we construct molybdenum (Mo)‐based POM nanoclusters doped with Cu (Cu‐POM NCs) as a highly efficient bioorthogonal catalyst, which is responsive to pathologicallyacid and H2S for selective antibiofilm therapy. Leveraging the merits of POMs, the Cu‐POM NCs exhibit biofilm‐responsive self‐assembly behavior, efficient CuAAC‐mediated in situ synthesis of antibacterial molecules, and a NIR‐II photothermal effect selectively triggered by H2S in pathogens. The consumption of bacterial H2S at the pathological site by Cu‐POM NCs extremely decreases the number of persisterbacteria, which is conducive to the inhibition of bacterial tolerance and elimination of biofilms. Unlocked at pathological sites and endowed with NIR‐II photothermal property, the constructed POM‐based bioorthogonal catalytic platform provides new insights into the design of efficient and selective bioorthogonal catalysts for disease therapy.
An efficient silica scale inhibiting strategy for geothermal systems: Combination of cationic and anionic polymers
Authors: Li Yangpei , Chen Youyuan , Peng Tao , Qiao Shixuan , Li Jiaxing , Liu Lecheng , Liu Xiaoli , Zheng Tianyuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCationic silica scale inhibitors are widely used, but are prone to precipitation and exhibit poor performance in geothermal systems. In this study, the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine ethoxylate (PEIE) was first found to have high silica scale inhibition efficiency. Three anionic polymers were added separately to PEIE solutions to alleviate the precipitation and scaling. The inhibition effect of PEIE alone and PEIE with anionic polymers were measured at 40°C without salt and 136.7°C with salt. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the inhibition mechanism. The results showed that PEIE exhibited good inhibition efficiency of 62% at 40°C without salt and 48% at 136.7°C with salt, while the addition of the anionic polymer acrylic acid‐2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AA/AMPS) to PEIE further improved to 71% and 62%. Compared with commercial inhibitors, the PEIE + AA/AMPS enhanced at least 15% scale inhibition efficiency. This is because the addition of AA/AMPS: (1) enhances the attraction of PEIE to silicic acid and inhibits the silicic acid condensation process; (2) chelates metal ions that promote condensation; and (3) enhances dispersion ability, stabilizing the colloid formed by PEIE and silicic acid. This study provides a promising new inhibitor and efficient strategy for inhibiting silica scale in geothermal systems.
Photoluminescence characteristics of novel Sm3+ ions‐doped La1.4Al22.6O36 phosphor for n‐UV w‐LED
Authors: Yerojwar Ramkrushna M. , Kokode Namdeo S. , Nandanwar Chandrahasya M. , Ingole Dipti K. , Peddiwar Suchita T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe combustion procedure was used to synthesize La1.4Al22.6O36:Sm3+ phosphors. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and morphological and photoluminescence properties were investigated. The XRD patterns consisted of a hexagonal crystal structure. At 405 nm, the maximum excitation intensity was obtained. Following 405 nm excitation, three different emission peaks at 573, 604, and 651 nm were seen. Concentration quenching occurred at 1.5 mol% Sm3+ ions. The Commission Internationale de l'éclairage coordinates for the La1.4Al22.6O36 phosphor with Sm3+ doping were 604 nm (x = 0.644, y = 0.355) falling in the red region. The findings implied that the prepared phosphor may be used to develop w‐light‐emitting diodes.
Photoluminescent polymer‐based smart window reinforced with electrospun glass nanofibres
Authors: El‐Newehy Mohamed , Thamer Badr M. , Abdul Hameed Meera Moydeen , El‐Hamshary Hany 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was reinforced with electrospun glass nanofibres (EGN) to develop photochromic and afterglow materials such as smart windows and anti‐counterfeiting prints. A colourless electrospun glass nanofibres@poly(vinyl chloride) (EGN@PVC) sheet was prepared by physical integration of lanthanide‐doped aluminate nanoparticles (LANP). The low concentrations of LANP in the photochromic and photoluminescent EGN@PVC hybrids displayed fluorescence emission with instant reversibility. EGN@PVC with the highest phosphor concentrations showed persistent phosphorescence emission with slow reversibility. Based on the results of the Commission Internationale de l'éclairage Laboratory and luminescence spectroscopy, the translucent EGN@PVC samples became green in the presence of ultraviolet illumination and greenish‐yellow in the absence of light. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, the morphological study of EGN and LANP showed diameters of 75–95 and 11–19 nm, respectively. The morphology of the EGN@PVC substrates was studied using SEM, X‐ray fluorescence, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The mechanical characteristics of PVC were enhanced by reinforcement with EGN as a roughening agent. When comparing the scratching resistance of LANP‐free substrate to photoluminescent EGN@PVC substrates, it was observed that the latter was much superior. The photoluminescence spectra were reported to have an emission peak at 519 nm when excited at 365 nm. These findings demonstrated that the luminous transparent EGN@PVC composites had improved superhydrophobic and UV‐blocking characteristics.
Bis(2‐pyridinyl)‐oxalamide copper complexes: Scope and limitation in CuAAC and oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids
Authors: Choi Soo‐Jin , Ahn Yong‐Hyun , Kim Seung‐Hoi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA versatile catalytic platform consisting of pyridine‐containing oxalamide and copper salt was developed. The resulting complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic analyses, showing a successful complexation of copper metal. The applicability of the newly prepared platforms was evaluated in a one‐pot three‐components system for the preparation of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of terminal acetylenes, benzyl surrogates, and sodium azide in an aqueous environment. The corresponding cyclization proceeded smoothly affording the expected triazole products in moderate to good yields. In addition, the transformation of arylboronic acids to the corresponding phenols via ipso‐hydroxylation was also explored using the same platform in an aqueous basic condition. In the course of the study, unfortunately, some drawbacks that could limit the applicability of the catalytic platform were also observed especially in terms of recyclability of the platforms.
Quantifying the hydrodynamic stress for bioprocesses
Authors: Kaya Umut , Gopireddy Srikanth , Urbanetz Nora , Kreitmayer Diana , Gutheil Eva , Nopens Ingmar , Verwaeren Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrodynamic stress is an influential physical parameter for various bioprocesses, affecting the performance and viability of the living organisms. However, different approaches are in use in various computational and experimental studies to calculate this parameter (including its normal and shear subcomponents) from velocity fields without a consensus on which one is the most representative of its effect on living cells. In this letter, we investigate these different methods with clear definitions and provide our suggested approach which relies on the principal stress values providing a maximal distinction between the shear and normal components. Furthermore, a numerical comparison is presented using the computational fluid dynamics simulation of a stirred and sparged bioreactor. It is demonstrated that for this specific bioreactor, some of these methods exhibit quite similar patterns throughout the bioreactor—therefore can be considered equivalent—whereas some of them differ significantly.
A case report on autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 with pernicious anemia
Authors: Arram Niharikha , Riyaz Romana , khatroth Sumalatha , Shrestha Abhigan Babu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS II) is a rare autoimmune disease that affects many endocrine glands. We present a case of a 32‐year‐old man with Addison's disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and pernicious anemia. Multi‐line and timely management are crucial for each association.
Recurrent facial microcystic adnexal carcinoma and hair transplantation on scar site
Authors: Beyzaee Amir Mohammad , Goldust Mohamad , Patil Anant , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Ghoreishi Bahare 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare kind of cutaneous neoplasm with a very aggressive local infiltration that destructs the affected tissues. Its rate of recurrence is high and it mostly involves the face and scalp regions and most of the patients get affected in the fourth or fifth decades of their life. Here in, we report a 61‐year‐old woman with a right‐sided eyebrow MAC lesion with recurrency. Total excisional surgery was performed. A‐T Flap surgery was applied on the involved area, and after a 2‐year period of follow‐up, with no recurrency, hair transplantation with follicular unit transplantation method was successfully performed on the scarred area. Although microcystic adnexal carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm; dermatologists and ophthalmologists should consider it as a differential diagnosis, due to its aggressive local infiltration. Complete surgical excision and long‐term follow‐up must be applied to manage the disease. Also, hair transplantation with follicular unit transplantation technique can be considered as a beneficial method for treating scars resulted from MAC excisional surgery.
Warty dyskeratoma: The relationship between its dermoscopic and histopathological findings
Authors: Takada Tomoaki 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageOn dermoscopy, the central area was greenish‐yellow with a coarse cobblestone‐like structureless material‐filled pattern, along with a bull's‐horn‐like tip and white globules. The marginal area was skin‐colored with a dark red background and a dome‐shaped pattern. A collarette with white ring and radial streaks, and whitish globules was noted.AbstractIn recent years, the dermoscopic findings of Warty dyskeratoma have only been reported in a few cases. A 71‐year‐old man presented with a brownish papular lesion, with a central umbilical fossa, posterior to the right auricle. Histopathologically, a keratocystic tumor with a dome‐like morphology and an epidermal invagination in its limbic part was noted. The central part surrounding the fissure was filled with horn‐like cells with cornification tendency. Corps ronds were mostly distributed in the stratum corneum and granulosa, and grains were observed in the stratum corneum as acantholytic cells within the epidermal voids (lacunae). On dermoscopy, the central area was greenish‐yellow with a coarse cobblestone‐like structureless material‐filled pattern, along with a bull's‐horn‐like tip and white globules. The marginal area was skin‐colored with a dark red background and a dome‐shaped pattern. A collarette with white ring and radial streaks, and whitish globules was noted. No prominent vascular pattern was observed.