bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of secondary conditions and cardiovascular risk prediction among persons with disability aged 18–59 years in the area of Sarjapur Primary Health Center – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nagaraja Deepika , Shanbhag Deepthi N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Disability means any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. A secondary condition is an additional condition that presupposes the existence of a primary condition. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, which can be predicted using the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) risk prediction chart.

AIMS:
To assess the prevalence of secondary conditions and cardiovascular risk in identified adults with disabilities in the age group of 18–59 years in the Sarjapur Primary Health Centre (PHC) area.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
This was a cross-sectional study done in Sarjapur PHC area including 100 subjects with disability. Stratified random sampling was used based on each village considered as a stratum. The study population was distributed according to the probability proportional to size to the number of people with disabilities (PWDs) residing in each village.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Secondary conditions assessed were depression, pain, and STDs.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
The continuous variables and categorical variables were analyzed using mean and standard deviation and percentages. The association between various factors was analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test as applicable.

RESULTS:
Among the 100 PWDs interviewed, 34% of them had secondary conditions. A 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction using the WHO ISH chart found that 92.9% had <10% risk of CVD.

CONCLUSIONS:
Secondary conditions were present in less than one-fourth of the study subjects. The majority of the study subjects had minimal risk of CVD.
The radiographic breadth of the talus bone for forensic and clinical use
Authors: Ominde Beryl Shitandi , Nwokolo Princess Uzoma , Enakpoya Princess , Ikubor Joyce Ekeme , Omoro Faithful Orovwoghene , Igbigbi Patrick Sunday 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
The accurate identification of unknown human remains plays a critical role in natural disaster scenarios and medico-legal cases in forensic anthropology and forensic medicine. This study aimed to determine normal reference values for the breadth of the talus bone using ankle radiographs from a Teaching Hospital in Delta State, Nigeria.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed 107 digital ankle radiographs from patients aged 20 to 60 years (60 males and 47 females). Ethical clearance was obtained before accessing the digital images archived in a radiological unit of a Hospital in Delta State, Nigeria. The talus breadth was measured using digital calipers and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to compare the means based on gender and age. The association of variables was done using the Pearson’s correlation test. Statistical significance was considered at P < 5%.

RESULTS:
The mean talus breadth was significantly larger in males (41.76 mm) than in females (38.59 mm). However, the means had no significant association with age. The right talus breadth had a strong positive correlation with the left talus breadth.

CONCLUSION:
The findings are useful to orthopedic surgeons managing ankle pathologies. In addition, the study reveals the potential use of the talar breadth in sex determination when other methods are inconclusive.
Impact of occupation on the social health of workers and their families residing in the field practice area of medical college: A qualitative survey
Authors: Shoor Purva , Sharma Shubham Mohan , Dadhich Sheetal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Social health factors influence the well-being and continuation of jobs for workers. Factors such as familial support, their attitude, workplace cohesiveness, and social life play a major role in social health impacting all other dimensions of health also.

OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was. 1. To describe and analyze the individual viewpoints of workers or their family respondents about their social well-being. 2. To analyze the social determinants such as income, cohesiveness, discrimination, and recreation, that explain a worker’s social health status even beyond work.

METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional survey of the sample size of 117 respondents, residing in the urban field practice area of the medical college.

RESULTS:
Discrimination at the workplace was found low. Workplace cohesiveness, recreation, and regularity of jobs affected quality of life (QoL). Job satisfaction was prevalent among 80.34% of families.

DISCUSSION:
Time for recreation with family and workers desiring job change was significantly affected by QoL scores also. Job satisfaction was more among skilled workers. The majority of the residents put up in the area for more than 10 years. This permanence influences the regularity of the job.

CONCLUSION:
Major social determinants of QoL among workers were cohesiveness, grounds of discrimination, regularity of job, residential permanence, family time, and desire to change the job. Job satisfaction was more among skilled workers.
Diabetic retinopathy and the risk of coronary heart disease among diabetic patients of a tertiary care hospital in rural Tumkur, Karnataka
Authors: Krishna Chandana , Babu B. Manoj , Bharamshettar S. Roopa , Shetty Niharika 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Diabetes is a significant cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke, and lower limb amputation. Diabetes is a growing challenge in India, with an estimated 8.7% diabetic population (between 20 and 70 years). The macrovascular disease is the primary pathogenic mechanism underlying coronary heart disease (CHD). Microvascular disease may play a prominent role in CHD development in diabetic individuals. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a specific marker of microvascular disease in type 2 diabetes. It is unclear, however, if the presence of DR signifies an increased risk of CHD.

OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the proportion of DR and 10-year risk of developing CHD among study subjects
2. To assess the relationship between DR and CHD risk.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2021 and November 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Tumkur among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire, and subjects were examined for DR and 10-year risk of developing CHD and data were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Among the study subjects, 65% were male, 74.3% were on oral hypoglycemic drugs, and 12.9% had a family history of CHD. DR was seen in 49.3% of study subjects. 10% of study subjects hada ≥ 40% risk of developing CHD. There was a statistically significant association between DR and the risk of CHD (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION:
DR may be associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. A careful cardiovascular assessment and follow-up may be required in individuals with DR.
Grains of change – Analyzing consumption pattern of millets among rural population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kavimalar T , Hullalli Rashmi , Gudadinni Muttappa R. , Yadavannavar Mallikarjun C. 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
Millets, with their exceptional nutritional value, nonglutinous nature, and digestive ease, offer a wealth of benefits. They are rich in lecithin and known to fortify the nervous system. While millets such as jowar are dietary staples in rural India, they have often been relegated to animal feed and birdseed elsewhere. Despite India’s deep-rooted millet tradition, the consumption of pearl millet (bajra) declined by 67% in urban and 59% in rural areas between 1972–1973 and 2004–2005. Recognizing their potential, the Indian Government proposed the declaration of 2023 as the International Year of Millets to the UN.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the study was to assess the consumption pattern of millets among the rural population and its association with the sociodemographic profile.

METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional study was done among rural households residing in the field practice area of the Rural Health Training Centre, Ukkali, Department of Community Medicine, BLDE (DU). By convenient sampling, we obtained a sample size of 94. Data were collected from the individuals, using a semistructured questionnaire, which encompassed both sociodemographic information and details regarding their consumption habits. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 26, is developed and manufactured by IBM Corporation, headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States.

RESULTS:
In this study, a total of 94 participants were included. Out of these, 61 (64.9%) were male and 33 (35.1%) were female. The majority of participants, 74 individuals (79%), reported that they consumed millets as part of their diet, whereas a minority, 20 individuals (21%), did not include millets in their diet.

CONCLUSION:
This consumption rate can be attributed to Karnataka’s status as the second-largest producer of millets, reflecting a strong connection between local production and consumption patterns. It emphasizes the importance of promoting millets as a staple food source not only for their nutritional benefits but also for their potential economic and agricultural advantages among urban population.
Unlocking the potential: Cas13-based sensing system in early detection of micro-RNA biomarker
Authors: Reddy Shreya , Swami Rishita , Ghumde Jaishiv , Nair Athulya , Kushwaha Simran , Somkuwar Shrutam , Salodkar Devyani , Nair Aparna , Begde Deovrat 
Published: January 2025

AIM:
The aim of this study is to standardize in-vitro CRISPR-Cas13 assay for the detection of salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) as Oral Cancer Biomarker.

BACKGROUND:
Oral cavity cancer poses a significant global health threat, prevalent in both emerging and industrialized nations, primarily attributed to factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. This study addresses the imperative need for adaptive, effective, and non-invasive strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, emphasising the importance of early detection for improved prognosis. The study introduces a novel approach employing the CRISPR-Cas13 system for the detection of salivary miRNA-145 as an oral cancer biomarker.

Material and methods:
The study utilized the CRISPR-Cas13 system to detect salivary miRNA-145. Specific guide RNA (gRNA) sequences were designed which guides LwaCas13a and targets miRNA-145, resulting in activation of collateral cleavage activity. Total RNA isolated from salivary samples were used in the assay, and the detection of miRNA-145 was assessed through distinct reduction in band intensity and fluorescence detection using a FAM based reporter RNA.

Results:
This study has successfully set up CRISPR-Cas13 in-vitro assay for detection of miRNA. The assay demonstrated a distinct reduction in band intensity in test samples compared to controls when total RNA was used. The assay employing reporter RNA illustrates fluorescence detection exclusively in test samples utilizing specific gRNA.

Conclusion:
This study introduces an innovative method for oral cancer detection, leveraging the CRISPR-Cas13 system and salivary miRNA-145 as a biomarker. The approach presents a non-invasive, cost-effective, and efficient alternative for early cancer diagnosis and monitoring, showcasing its potential impact on advancing diagnostic technologies in the field.
A phenomenological study on lived in experiences with cancer among patients admitted at R.L Jalappa hospital and research center
Authors: George Rubin , Vijayalakshmi G. , Rashmi A , Saritha V 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
The cancer burden continues to grow globally, exerting tremendous physical, emotional, and financial strain on individuals, families, and communities. The experiences of cancer patients who are diagnosed with cancer at an early stage differ from patients who reached at terminal stage. The current study is an effort to know the lived-in experiences of cancer patients who were diagnosed with cancer and taking treatment at R. L. Jalapa Hospital and Research Center (RLJHRC).

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This is a phenomenological study design. Twelve cancer patients diagnosed with cancer and taking treatment at the oncology unit of RLJHRC were selected for the study using a purposive sampling technique. All patients were interviewed using open-ended questionnaires through focus group discussions in a quiet conference room to maintain privacy. The time taken was approximately 60 min to collect data and verbatim transcription.

RESULTS:
Study results revealed that all cancer patients were females, the majority (33%) were aged between 51 and 60 years, 59% were not having a formal education, and 83% were residing in urban areas. From the study, six themes were extracted, and they were uncertainty, dependent on family, stigma and discrimination, family influence, and believing God with hope and gratitude.

CONCLUSION:
The study concluded that cancer patients had undergone various psychological problems from the time of diagnosis to treatment. Hence, efforts need to be taken by the concerned authorities to conduct counseling services for these patients and families.
Rurality and Curriculum Implementation in Zimbabwean Primary Schools: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mufanechiya Tafara , Dube Bekithemba , Mufanechiya Albert 
Published: January 2025

The paper argues that harnessing community epistemologies can greatly improve the implementation of the curriculum in Zimbabwean rural primary schools. The contribution of rural communities in educational discourses has been less valued and this position is being challenged given the wealth of knowledge and skills that are prevalent in rural communities. Employing the Social Capital Theory, the study empirically analyses the implications of engaging rural communities based on a qualitative descriptive survey design with a small purposefully selected sample of four rural primary schools, twenty primary school teachers, and ten community members. The study employed focus group discussion and in-depth unstructured interviews in data collection. The research findings indicated that rural teachers cannot self-provide all the educational knowledge critical for quality primary school education. They need to meaningfully engage community members in the implementation of the primary school curriculum. Furthermore, rural community members felt the primary schools did not value their contributions and, therefore, did not engage them in curriculum implementation discourses. The study concludes that there is a need to change the current teacher-community relationship practices that erode trust and voluntarism on classroom matters and create favourable win-win educational conditions. The study recommends that teachers identify specific attributes of members of the rural community and exploit them for the good of curriculum implementation at the primary school level.
Pedagogy for Teaching Mathematics to Refugee Students: A Sociocultural Learning Approach
Authors: Adu Kemi Olajumoke 
Published: January 2025

This paper engages in a literature review of pedagogy for teaching refugee mathematics. The paper reviewed includes the pedagogy and refugee students, the difficulty of refugee students, the methodology used to teach mathematics to refugee students, the conceptualization of the cognitive background of refugee students, and the differences in language and cultural barriers were also discussed. The paper underpins sociocultural learning theory, which has profoundly impacted educational psychology and pedagogy. The findings revealed that the understanding of the sociocultural learning approach can enhance the effective use of different pedagogies to teach mathematics to refugee students. The paper concluded that by integrating different elements into their teaching practices, educators can create a more effective and supportive learning environment for refugee students, helping them to succeed in mathematics and beyond.
A Review towards Enhancing Geospatial Technologies in South African Rural Education
Authors: Olatoye Tolulope Ayodeji , Fru Raymond Nkwenti 
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the geospatial technologies in the South African rural schools. Despite the increasing importance of geospatial technologies, there is inadequate research examining their integration into rural education curricula. This gap in the literature raises questions about the effectiveness of current pedagogical practices in fostering proficiency in utilizing geospatial technologies among students preparing for careers in this field. The rationale behind this study lies in recognizing the critical role that geospatial literacy plays in contemporary professional practice. By identifying effective pedagogical practices, educators can enhance teaching and learning experiences, ultimately improving student outcomes, and the study addresses the broader societal need for skilled geospatial professionals in South African rural schools. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on geospatial technologies in South African rural schools. In addition, the inclusion and exclusion research design were adopted for the study, while the social constructivism theory guided the study. The review process resulted in a detailed analysis of 54 relevant articles utilized for the study. The findings reveal that the challenges to utilizing GIS in South African rural education curricula are multifaceted, encompassing infrastructural deficiencies, limited access to technology and resources, lack of teacher training, curriculum integration issues, The findings contribute to understanding how proficiency in geospatial technologies can be enhanced through innovative teaching methods, addressing the growing demand for geospatial skills in various professional domains. This study recommends the enhancement of geospatial technologies rural education programs and standardizing geospatial curriculum frameworks, hands-on learning experiences, and interdisciplinary collaborations.
Sustainable management of sheath blight in <i>Oryza sativa </i>L. by integrated biological approach
Authors: Kumar A V Reddy , Kumar N Kiran , Kumar V B  Sanath , Yogananda S B , Vijaykumar L 
Published: January 2025

Rice sheath blight brought on by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most significant diseases in the world, which results in significant yield losses. Application of chemical fungicides is the most preferred approach for the management of disease but extensive use of them results in environment pollution and resistance development to pathogen. Thus, there is a need to explore alternative strategies to overcome the problem of fungicide usage. The present study was done to develop sustainable strategy which is an environment friendly and alternative to chemical fungicides. Among various treatments, soil application of neem cake at 200 kg acre-1 + foliar spray of micronutrient mixture 5 g l-1 at 40 days after transplanting (DAT) + foliar spray of microbial consortia 5 g l-1 at 50 DAT was found very effective in reducing the disease severity (19.16%) and increasing growth promotion activity compared to control. Therefore, the findings of this investigation could be exploited under bio-intensive disease management programme for sustainable cultivation of rice.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT BAWANG MERAH UNTUK PESTISIDA NABATI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PESTISIDA SINTETIS
Authors: Herlambang Tedy , Sulistiyowati Retno , Suyani Ida Sugeng , Hidayatullah M. Rizky , Yuliawati Hela , Shodiqy Fika Anjani , Sa’adatun N. Dwi , Fauziyah Ghina 
Published: January 2025

This community service aims to utilize shallot peel waste as a basic ingredient for biopesticides. The background of this service is concern about the dominant use of synthetic pesticides by farmers as a strategy for controlling pests and diseases. This strategy is unsustainable in the long term because of its deadly side effects and reactions not only for humans and other animals, but also for non-target plants, organisms around the plants and the environment. In addition, there are also concerns about the development of pest resistance to this synthetic pesticide. The target is farmers in Klaseman Village, Gending District, Probolinggo Regency by utilizing abundant available shallot peeled waste in their sorrounding. The main activities that covers counseling, demonstration of the making process, demonstration of application on plants and witnessing the effectiveness of the application provide positive results in the form of increased knowledge, skills about the benefits of shallot peel waste. Based on the effectiveness of the application of onion peel extract as a vegetable pesticide can inhibit the growth of onion plant pests, it is hoped that in the long term the community will reduce the use of synthetic pesticides and switch to plant-based pesticides.
Keywords: biopesticide, shallot peel waste
IMPROVING THE LEGAL BASIS OF THE PARTICIPATION OF STATE TAX SERVICE BODIES IN ENSURING TAX DISCIPLINE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Ergashev Ikrom 
Published: January 2025

"This article analyzes the scientific and conceptual basis of the participation of state tax bodies in ensuring tax discipline. Today, these questions have not been deeply studied from a legal point of view. Modern directions and a new vision to increase the efficiency of the participation of state tax bodies in ensuring tax discipline are proposed. Taking into account the fact that within the base of national tax legislation there are no in-depth scientific studies regarding the participation of state tax bodies in ensuring tax discipline, and also the opinions expressed in this scientific article are considered as scientific views, the research work mainly applied the comparative legal method of analysis. Meanwhile, methods of observation, generalization, induction, and deduction were also applied. The participation of state tax authorities in ensuring tax discipline is studied using the experience of foreign countries, the opinions of various foreign and national economists and law scholars, as well as the author’s own analytical considerations. As a result of the study, some problems were discovered with the participation of state tax authorities in ensuring tax discipline, in particular non-compliance with existing rules, and the reasons for their non-compliance were identified. The author analyzes the gaps in legislative rules related to the application of state tax policy and compliance with tax legislation, the correct calculation of taxes, their full and timely payment, as well as the reasons for rapid amendments in by-laws and their impact on taxpayers. In the meantime, it has been established that there are shortcomings in the application of legislation on tax control, and to eliminate them, it is necessary to make some amendments in the regulations. The article presents proposals and recommendations based on an analysis of existing problems in this sphere.
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