bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey of the Cygnus-X region (PILS-Cygnus)
Authors: van der Walt S. J. , Kristensen L. E. , Calcutt H. , Jørgensen J. K. , Garrod R. T. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Molecular lines are commonly detected towards protostellar sources. However, to get a better understanding of the chemistry of these sources we need unbiased molecular surveys over a wide frequency range for as many sources as possible to shed light on the origin of this chemistry, particularly any influence from the external environment.
Aims. We present results from the PILS-Cygnus survey of ten intermediate- to high-mass protostellar sources in the nearby Cygnus-X complex, through high angular resolution interferometric observations over a wide frequency range.
Methods. Using the Submillimeter Array (SMA), a spectral line survey of ten sources was performed in the frequency range 329–361 GHz, with an angular resolution of ~1″.5, or ~2000 AU at a source distance of 1.3 kpc from the Sun. Spectral modelling was performed to identify molecular emission and determine column densities and excitation temperatures for each source. Emission maps were made to study the morphology of emission. Finally, emission properties were compared across the sample.
Results. We detect CH3OH towards nine of the ten sources, with CH3OCH3 and CH3OCHO towards three sources. We further detect CH3CN towards four sources. Towards five sources the chemistry is spatially differentiated, meaning that different species peak at different positions and are offset from the peak continuum emission. Low levels of deuteration are detected towards four sources in HDO emission, whereas deuterated complex organic molecule emission is detected towards one source (CH2DOH towards N63). The chemical properties of each source do not correlate with their position in the Cygnus-X complex, nor do the distance or direction to the nearest OB associations. However, the five sources located in the DR21 filament do appear to show less line emission compared to the five sources outside the filament.
Conclusions. This work shows how important wide frequency coverage observations are combined with high angular resolution observations for studying the protostellar environment. Furthermore, based on the ten sources observed here, the external environment appears to only play a minor role in setting the chemical environment on these small scales (<2000 AU).
Psychotherapie bei funktionellen neurologischen Bewegungsstörungen
Authors: Bolte Christina , Geritz Johanna , Alvarez-Fischer Daniel , Hoheisel Matthias 
Published: August 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGUnser Verständnis der klinischen, pathophysiologischen und therapeutischen Aspekte funktioneller neurologischer Bewegungsstörungen hat sich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten erheblich weiterentwickelt. In Umfragen mit Behandlern und Patienten wird jedoch deutlich, dass weiterhin erhebliche Versorgungslücken existieren.Wir stellen in diesem Übersichtsartikel typische Behandlungsprobleme aus Sicht von Behandlern und Patienten dar. Die Schwierigkeiten der psychotherapeutischen Therapieeinleitung bei körperlichen Symptomen werden erläutert. Darauf aufbauend stellen wir spezielle Anforderungen für einen Gesamtbehandlungsplan dar. Schließlich diskutieren wir individualisierte Anpassungen sowie Integrationsstrategien von störungsspezifischen Behandlungsansätzen.
Die intravenöse Applikation von hochdosiertem Vitamin C bei Fatigue – ein Überblick über die aktuelle Datenlage
Authors: Kraft Karin 
Published: August 2023

SummaryEine Fatigue tritt nach Virusinfektionen, bei Autoimmun­erkrankungen und auch bei Krebspatienten auf. Hochdosiertes intravenöses Vitamin C wird bei Fatigue aufgrund seiner antioxidativen, entzündungshemmenden, endothelprotektiven und immunmodulierenden Wirkung schon lange empirisch genutzt. Inzwischen wurden auch einige klinische Studien zur Wirksamkeit von intravenös verabreichtem Vitamin C bei Fatigue als Folge eines Herpes Zoster oder eines Asthma bronchiale bzw. als Folge bzw. Begleitsymptom bei Krebs publiziert. Bei 3 der 4 kontrollierten Studien hat die Fatigue in der Vitamin-C-Gruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe signifikant abgenommen, in 4 der 5 Beobachtungs- bzw. nicht interventionellen Studien wurde die Fatigue nach der Vitamin-C-Therapie signifikant reduziert. Auch weitere Symptome wie Schlaf- und kognitive Störungen und Schmerzen, die beim chronischen Fatigue-Syndrom beschrieben werden, wurden häufig gelindert. Aufgrund seiner Wirkungen und der Ergebnisse der bisherigen klinischen Studien könnte hochdosiertes intravenöses Vitamin C auch bei Long Covid bzw. beim Post-Covid-Syndrom, bei dem u. a. sehr häufig eine Fatigue in Kombination mit weiteren Beschwerden vorliegt, eine geeignete Behandlungsoption darstellen.
A Comprehensive Approach to Posttraumatic Lymphedema Surgical Treatment
Authors: Pereira Nicolás , Oñate Vanessa , Roa Ricardo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Posttraumatic lymphedema (PTL) is sparsely described in the literature. The aim of this study is to propose a comprehensive approach for prevention and treatment of PTL using lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) and lymphatic vessels free flap, reporting our experience in the management of early-stage lymphedema.
Methods A retrospective observational study was performed between October 2017 and July 2022. Functional assessment with magnetic resonance lymphangiography and indocyanine green lymphography was performed. Patients with lymphedema and functional lymphatic channels were included. Cases with limited soft tissue damage were proposed for LVA, and those with acute or prior soft tissue damage needing skin reconstruction were proposed for superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator lymphatic vessels free flap (SCIP-LV) to treat or prevent lymphedema. Primary and secondary outcomes were limb volume reduction and quality of life (QoL) improvement, respectively. Follow-up was at least 1 year.
Results Twenty-eight patients were operated using this approach during the study period. LVA were performed in 12 patients; mean reduction of excess volume (REV) was 58.82% and the improvement in QoL was 49.25%. SCIP-LV was performed in seven patients with no flap failure; mean REV was 58.77% and the improvement QoL was 50.9%. Nine patients with acute injury in lymphatic critical areas were reconstructed with SCIP-LV as a preventive approach and no lymphedema was detected.
Conclusion Our comprehensive approach provides an organized way to treat patients with PTL, or at risk of developing it, to have satisfactory results and improve their QoL.
Effect of Chlorhexidine and Tea Tree Oil on Reducing the Number of Oral Microorganisms
Authors: Moreno André Luiz de Melo , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , Coelho Goiato Marcelo , Moreno Nathaly Vilene de Araujo , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , de Lima Cássia Cunha , Lopes Motta Rogério Heládio , Ramacciato Juliana Cama 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of using two preoperative mouthwashes (0.12% chlorhexidine and 0.2% tea tree oil) on the number of colonies of oral microorganisms.
Materials and Methods Forty participants who needed to be rehabilitated with dental implants were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups (chlorhexidine group and tea tree group; n = 20, each). For each group, saliva samples were collected at four different times: T0 (initially)—before using the mouthwash, T1—after 1 minute of using the mouthwash, T10—after 10 minutes of using the mouthwash, and T60—after 60 minutes of using the mouthwash. At T0 and T1, saliva samples were collected before implant placement surgery, and at T10 and T60, saliva samples were collected during surgery. In each group, one saliva sample was collected at each evaluated time point for each patient, totaling 4 saliva collections per patient. MSB agar (Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin) and BHI agar (Brain Heart Infusion) culture media were used in each group. Microbial colony counts were performed using a magnifying glass and recorded in CFU (colony forming units)/mL. Statistical analyses were performed using the Friedman, Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05).
Results Based on MSB agar culture medium, at T0, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies in the chlorhexidine group was significantly higher compared with the tea tree group (p <0.05; MSB agar). The chlorhexidine group showed significantly lower CFU/mL values for Streptococcus mutans at T1, T10, and T60 compared with the tea tree group (p <0.05; MSB agar). Based on BHI agar culture medium, at T0, the chlorhexidine group showed a significantly lower value of CFU/mL compared with the tea tree group (p < 0.05; BHI agar). At T1, T10, and T60, the chlorhexidine group showed significantly lower CFU/mL values compared with the tea tree group (p <0.05; BHI agar).
Conclusion Chlorhexidine is more indicated as a preoperative mouthwash than tea tree oil, due to its significantly more effective antimicrobial action.
Uptake of a Cervical Cancer Clinical Decision Support Tool: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Huguet Nathalie , Ezekiel-Herrera David , Gunn Rose , Pierce Alison , O'Malley Jean , Jones Matthew , Marino Miguel , Gold Rachel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives Clinical decision support (CDS) tools that provide point-of-care reminders of patients' care needs may improve rates of guideline-concordant cervical cancer screening. However, uptake of such electronic health record (EHR)-based tools in primary care practices is often low. This study describes the frequency of factors associated with, and barriers and facilitators to adoption of a cervical cancer screening CDS tool (CC-tool) implemented in a network of community health centers.
Methods This mixed-methods sequential explanatory study reports on CC-tool use among 480 community-based clinics, located across 18 states. Adoption of the CC-tool was measured as any instance of tool use (i.e., entry of cervical cancer screening results or follow-up plan) and as monthly tool use rates from November 1, 2018 (tool release date) to December 31, 2020. Adjusted odds and rates of tool use were evaluated using logistic and negative-binomial regression. Feedback from nine clinic staff representing six clinics during user-centered design sessions and semi-structured interviews with eight clinic staff from two additional clinics were conducted to assess barriers and facilitators to tool adoption.
Results The CC-tool was used ≥1 time in 41% of study clinics during the analysis period. Clinics that ever used the tool and those with greater monthly tool use had, on average, more encounters, more patients from households at >138% federal poverty level, fewer pediatric encounters, higher up-to-date cervical cancer screening rates, and higher rates of abnormal cervical cancer screening results. Qualitative data indicated barriers to tool adoption, including lack of knowledge of the tool's existence, understanding of its functionalities, and training on its use.
Conclusion Without effective systems for informing users about new EHR functions, new or updated EHR tools are unlikely to be widely adopted, reducing their potential to improve health care quality and outcomes.
ChatGPT in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev Chaand , Ramchandani Jai Parkash , Thakker Arjuna , Lahiri Anindya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a versatile large language model-based generative artificial intelligence. It is proficient in a variety of tasks from drafting emails to coding to composing music to passing medical licensing exams. While the potential role of ChatGPT in plastic surgery is promising, evidence-based research is needed to guide its implementation in practice.
Methods This review aims to summarize the literature surrounding ChatGPT's use in plastic surgery.
Results A literature search revealed several applications for ChatGPT in the field of plastic surgery, including the ability to create academic literature and to aid the production of research. However, the ethical implications of using such chatbots in scientific writing requires careful consideration. ChatGPT can also generate high-quality patient discharge summaries and operation notes within seconds, freeing up busy junior doctors to complete other tasks. However, currently clinical information must still be manually inputted, and clinicians must consider data privacy implications. Its use in aiding patient communication and education and training is also widely documented in the literature. However, questions have been raised over the accuracy of answers generated given that current versions of ChatGPT cannot access the most up-to-date sources.
Conclusions While one must be aware of its shortcomings, ChatGPT is a useful tool for plastic surgeons to improve productivity for a range of tasks from manuscript preparation to healthcare communication generation to drafting teaching sessions to studying and learning. As access improves and technology becomes more refined, surely more uses for ChatGPT in plastic surgery will become apparent.
Key competencies acquired from STEM education: gender-differentiated parental expectations
Authors: Zhan Zehui , Li Yuanmin , Mei Hu , Lyu Siyuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractParents’ expectations affect children’s key competencies acquired from STEM education, and influence their future career development. This study aimed to determine the influence of parents’ expectations on children’s key competencies gained through STEM education, with a particular focus on gender difference. A total of 736 parents (44% fathers and 56% mothers) of children aged 3–12 (50.4% boys and 49.6% girls) participated in a two-section survey and rated the degree of importance of each key competency. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the potential structure of the STEM-related competencies, and ANOVA was used to gain further insights into the gender difference tendency. Results targeted 10 most emphasized competencies which were clustered into four categories, namely the Innovation factor (Inquiring competency, Creativity competency), the Social factor (Cooperative competency, Expressing competency), the Making factor (Hands-on competency, Problem-solving competency, Anti-frustration competency), and the Learning factor (Thinking competency, Knowledge acquisition competency, Concentration competency). Results also indicated that the parents had significantly different expectations for boys and girls regarding the expressing, thinking, knowledge acquisition, concentration, and hands-on competencies. Fathers’ and mothers’ expectations only differed for children’s anti-frustration competency. These findings provide deeper insights into STEM-related competencies from parents’ viewpoints, and contribute a greater understanding of gender difference in STEM education.
Spatio-temporal evolution and future simulation of urban agglomeration expansion in the Guangdong–Hongkong–Macau Greater Bay Area
Authors: Liao Zhenjie , Zhang Lijuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrban agglomerations are growth poles that promote regional economic development; however, rapid expansion exerts an increasingly negative influence on regional ecosystem security, restricting sustainable urban development. Therefore, predicting the impact of future expansion on regional ecological security can guide regionally coordinated development. In this study, we used land-use data to determine the spatiotemporal evolution of urbanization and land use in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) urban agglomeration from 1990 to 2020 and employed the artificial neural network–cellular automata (ANN–CA)–Markov model to simulate future expansion under three different scenarios for 2025 and 2035. From 1990 to 2020, the overall development level of the GBA urban agglomeration was relatively high, with the area of construction land following a pattern of first increasing rapidly and then gradually transitioning to a slower rate of growth. Land use was consistently dominated by forest land, which accounted for more than 50% of the total land area, followed by arable land (30.56%) and construction land (7.92%). The most intense expansion in the GBA occurred in the main urban areas of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Dongguan, and other cities. The expansion sources were mainly farmland, water, and other ecological land types. The spatial structure and characteristics of simulated future regional land-use changes in 2025 and 2035 differed significantly under the three different scenarios. Under the natural development scenario, urban expansion was unconstrained, and rapid growth occurred over a large area of ecological land. Conversely, the addition of ecological constraints effectively controlled the occupation of forest land and cultivated land. Under the economic development scenario, urban expansion incorporated more unused and cultivated land. The results of this study provide a reference for policy decision-making in regional planning, urban planning, and regional ecological protection under multiple future scenarios.
Intrinsic photomixing detector based on amorphous silicon for envelope mixing of optical signals
Authors: Müller Maurice , Bablich Andreas , Bornemann Rainer , Marrenbach Nils , Kienitz Paul , Haring Bolívar Peter 
Published: August 2023

In this work, a promising device for direct optical envelope mixing, the Intrinsic Photomixing Detector (IPD) based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon, is reported. The IPD directly generates a photocurrent proportional to the nonlinear mixing of two optical modulation envelope functions. Experiments illustrate efficient mixing in the visible range at low light levels down to ϕ1 = 4.36 mW/cm2 (444 nm) and ϕ2 = 1.03 mW/cm2 (636 nm). Modulation frequencies exceeding the MHz range are demonstrated. Electro-optical simulations identify defect-induced electrical field screening within the absorber to cause the nonlinear mixing process, opening-up the opportunity to tailor devices toward application-specific requirements. The IPD functionality paves the way toward very simple but high-performance photodetectors for 3D imaging and ranging for direct optical convolutional sensors or for efficient optical logic gates. Using amorphous silicon provides a photodetector material base, which can easily be integrated on top of silicon electronics, enabling fill factors of up to 100%.
Mechanical and spectroscopic investigation of novel f-MWCNTS/g-C3N4/TiO2 ternary nanocomposite reinforced denture base PMMA
Authors: Jhansi Ragala , Sundeep Dola , Umadevi Kovuri , Varadharaj Eswaramoorthy K , Sastry Chebbiyam Chandrasekhara , Krishna Alluru Gopala , Raj N Sleeva , Patil Sandeep 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the present work, we report the fabrication, spectroscopic, and mechanical properties of the novel f-MWCNTS/g-C3N4/TiO2 (MGT-NCs) metal-free ternary nanocomposite reinforced denture base PMMA. The functionalised-MWCNTs were introduced into the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanopowders (NPs). The obtained high porous f-MWCNTS/g-C3N4 NPs were mixed with 10 wt% of TiO2 NPs previously hydrothermally synthesized. These prepared powders were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy to study the crystal structure and morphology. Using a mechanical blender 2 wt% of g-C3N4, MWCNT/g-C3N4, and MGT-NCs were sintered into PMMA heat-activated denture base polymer powder and mixed with monomer to fabricate the composites through heat curing. Three different varieties of composite specimens were prepared into flexural, impact, compression, and hardness testing standards. From the comparative assessment of results, it is found that novel MGT-NCs reinforced PMMA exhibited superior mechanical properties. The surface morphology of the fractured and compressed specimens was studied using the SEM analysis and found to have dimples and increased roughness compared to the pristine PMMA and g-C3N4, MWCNT/g-C3N4. Hence, the fabricated novel metal-free MGT-NCs can be used as a reinforcement material in PMMA denture bases to achieve a concurrent enhancement in both physical and mechanical properties.
A new graph-theoretic approach for the study of the surface of a thin sheet of a viscous liquid model
Authors: Nirmala A N , Kumbinarasaiah S , Shah Nehad Ali , Alshehri Mansoor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, we considered the model of the surface of a thin sheet of viscous liquid which is known as the Buckmaster equation (BME), and presented a new graph-theoretic polynomial collocation method named the Hosoya polynomial collocation method (HPCM) for the solution of nonlinear Buckmaster equation. In the literature, the majority of the developed numerical methods considered small time step sizes like 0.01s and 0.05s to obtain relatively accurate approximations for the nonlinear BME. This study focused on optimizing the time step sizes by adopting bigger time steps sizes like 1.0s,3.0s, and 5.0s, etc without adversely affecting accuracy. First, using the Gram- Schmidt process, we generated the orthonormal functions from the Hosoya polynomial of the path graph. Then developed the functional integration matrix using orthonormal Hosoya polynomials of path graphs. With this active matrix-involved method, the nonlinear BMEs are transformed into a system of nonlinear equations and solved the equations by Newton’s method through the Mathematica software for unknown coefficients. The exactness of the proposed strategy is tested with two numerical examples. The acquired results contrasted with the current analytical solutions to these problems. Also provided the convergence analysis, comparison of error norms, graphical plots of correlation of HPCM results, and the results of other numerical methods in the literature to validate the productivity and accuracy of the newly developed HPCM.
Quantum tunneling from charged accelerating BTZ black holes
Authors: Rehman Mudassar , Gillani Usman A , Ahmed Jamil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work we derive the analytical expression for Hawking temperature of the charged accelerating BTZ black holes by using the WKB approximation in tunneling formalism. We have investigated the Hawking radiation of Dirac and scalar particles from these black holes. Graphical representation of Hawking temperature is also made to compare the findings in presence and absence of acceleration parameter.
Effect of Rayleigh backscattering on the multiwavelength random fiber laser bandwidth
Authors: David Allen Paul , Sulaiman Abdul Hadi , Abdullah Fairuz , Ismail Aiman , Jamaludin Md Zaini , Yusoff Nelidya Md 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigated the effect of Rayleigh backscattering on the bandwidth of a multiwavelength random fiber laser (MWRFL). This MWRFL is based on an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) as the gain medium and a Lyot filter as the wavelength-selective device. A high number and stable lasing line is generated with the assistance of a nonlinear polarization rotation effect induced by highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) and optimized by a polarization controller. Longer single-mode fiber (SMF) produces wider multiwavelength bandwidth as compared to shorter SMF lengths, as 10 km, 3 km, and 0.1 km obtained 6.24 nm, 5.76 nm, and 2.75 nm wavelength bandwidth, respectively. When the SMF is removed from the setup, no Rayleigh backscattering is provided in the cavity, which led to a narrower multiwavelength bandwidth of 2.69 nm. Subsequently, the alteration of EDFA power, half-wave plate (HWP) angle, and quarter-wave plate (QWP) angles affected the degradation of multiwavelength performance. The best output spectrum is achieved at an EDFA power of 18 dBm, a HWP angle of 60°, and a QWP angle of 105°. The laser stability over a period of 120 min was excellent with a peak power deviation of 1.33 dB.