bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B virus screening in Asian immigrants: Community‐based campaign to increase screening and linkage to care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Win Aziza , King Scott , Wu Gregory , Kwon Steve 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite established screening guidelines, many Asian immigrants remain unscreened. Furthermore, those with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are not linked to care citing multiple barriers. The objective of this study was to determine the role of our community‐based hepatitis B virus (HBV) campaign on HBV screening and the success of linkage to care (LTC) efforts.MethodsAsian immigrants from the New Jersey and New York metropolitan areas were screened for HBV from 2009 to 2019. We started to collect LTC data starting in 2015, and those found to be positive were followed up. In 2017, because of low LTC rates, nurse navigators were hired to aid in the LTC process. Those excluded from the LTC process included those who were already linked to care, declined, and/or had moved or passed away.ResultsTotal of 13,566 participants were screened from 2009 to 2019, of which, the results for 13,466 were available. Of these, 372 (2.7%) were found to have positive HBV status. Approximately 49.3% were female and 50.1% were male, and the rest were of unknown gender. A total of 1191 (10.0%) participants were found to be HBV negative but required vaccination. When we started to track LTC, we found 195 participants that were eligible for LTC between 2015 and 2017 after the exclusion criteria were applied. It was found that only 33.8% were successfully linked to care in that time period. After hiring nurse navigators, we saw LTC rates increase to 85.7% in 2018 and to 89.7% in 2019.ConclusionHBV community screening initiatives are imperative to increase screening rates in the Asian immigrant population. We were also able to demonstrate that nurse navigators can successfully help increase LTC rates. Our HBV community screening model can address issues with barriers to care including lack of access in comparable populations.
Real‐world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against cervical neoplasia among birth cohorts ineligible for routine vaccination
Authors: Dong Li , Nygård Mari , Støer Nathalie C. , Klungsøyr Ole , Hansen Bo T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness may differ between settings. Here we present the first real‐world effectiveness study of HPV vaccination on high‐grade cervical lesions from Norway, among women who received HPV vaccine outside the routine program. We performed an observational study of all Norwegian women born 1975 to 1996 and retrieved individual data from nationwide registries on HPV vaccination status and incidence of histologically verified high‐grade cervical neoplasia during 2006 to 2016. We estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for vaccination vs no vaccination by Poisson regression stratified by age at vaccination <20 years and ≥20 years. The cohort consisted of 832 732 women, of which 46 381 (5.6%) received at least one dose of HPV vaccine by the end of 2016. The incidence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) increased with age regardless of vaccination status and was highest at age 25 to 29, at 637/100 000 among unvaccinated women, 487/100 000 among women vaccinated before age 20 and 831/100 000 among women vaccinated at age 20 or older. The adjusted IRR of CIN2+ between vaccinated and unvaccinated women was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.46‐0.84) for women vaccinated below age 20, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.03‐1.43) for women vaccinated at age 20 or older. These findings indicate that HPV vaccination among women too old to be eligible for routine HPV vaccination is effective among women who are vaccinated below age 20 but may not have the desired impact among women who are vaccinated at age 20 or older.
Interactive effect of nitrogen and irrigation on evapotranspiration, growth, yield and water productivity of subsurface drip‐irrigated spring maize: Field and simulation studies
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Singh Kanwar Barjinder , Brar Ajmer Singh , Gupta Rajeev Kumar , Kingra Pavneet Kaur 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn northwest India, spring maize water productivity can be increased with subsurface drip irrigation. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in a split‐plot design for 2 years to assess the effect of three nitrogen levels (125 [N1], 100 [N2] and 75 [N3] kg N ha−1) in the main plots and seven irrigation regimes (six subsurface and one surface drip) in the subplots on water productivity of spring maize. Subsurface drip irrigation was applied at 100%, 80% and 60% cumulative pan evaporation on alternate days (I1, I3and I5) and at 2‐day intervals (I2, I4and I6) along with surface drip irrigation at 80% pan evaporation on alternate days (I7). The evapotranspiration (ET), transpiration (T), dry matter accumulation (DMA), leaf area index (LAI), root mass density (RMD), N uptake and grain yield were at par in N1and N2but significantly higher than in N3.T, DMA, LAI, RMD, grain N uptake and grain yield were at par in I1, I2, I3and I7but significantly higher than in I4, I5and I6. The real water productivity was at par in N1I1, N1I3and N2I3but significantly higher than other interactive combinations. The CERES‐Maize model satisfactorily simulated crop biomass, grain yield, LAI, ET and transpiration.
How do teens with a history of suicidal behavior and self‐harm interact with social media?
Authors: Szlyk Hannah S. , Li Xiao , Kasson Erin , Peoples JaNiene E. , Montayne Mandy , Kaiser Nina , Cavazos‐Rehg Patricia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines how engagement with depression‐related social media content varies by teens who report suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) versus those who had not experienced each behavior.MethodsTeens aged 15–17 years old (N = 93) were recruited from social media platforms from October 2016 to August 2018. Participants were asked three open‐ended questions about the advantages and disadvantages of networking about depression‐related content on social media. We conducted a qualitative analysis to capture themes in responses by question item. Univariate analyses were conducted to compare differences in the frequency of themes endorsed among the behavioral groups versus their counterparts.ResultsAmong participants (female, 73%; non‐White, 45%; sexual minority, 57%), most (93%, n = 87) endorsed depressive symptoms. Sixty‐five percent (n = 60) endorsed suicidal ideation within the past year, who were more likely to indicate unhelpful social interactions (p = .02) as a disadvantage of following depression content than peers who did not endorse suicidal ideation within the past year. Eighty percent (n = 74) endorsed lifetime experience of NSSI, who were more likely to indicate negative impact on relationships (p = .01) from posting depression content than peers who did not experience NSSI. Fifty‐eight percent (n = 54) endorsed a lifetime suicide attempt, who were more likely to mention offering solutions (p = .03) to someone posting concerning content than peers who did not endorse a lifetime suicide attempt.ConclusionsThis study provides diverse and unique perspectives on how engagement with depression‐related social media varies by mental health behaviors and informs the use of social media for recruitment and outreach for teens.
Risk factors for perpetrating sexual aggression among adolescents: Differences by gender and sexual orientation
Authors: Hunter Julia , Bhuptani Prachi H. , Orchowski Lindsay M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough anyone—regardless of gender or sexual orientation—can perpetrate sexual aggression, most studies examining risk factors for engaging in sexual aggression include samples of boys and men, and do not consider the sexual orientation of the respondent. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by examining how risk factors for sexual aggression vary as a function of gender and sexual orientation in a sample of 1782 high school youth. Participants completed surveys evaluating engagement in consent behaviors, rape myth acceptance, perception of peer rape myth acceptance, perceived peer engagement in violence, and perceived peer support for violence. A one‐way MANOVA found that constructs varied as a function of gender and sexual orientation. Specifically, heterosexual boys reported lower engagement in consent behaviors, higher rape myth acceptance, and higher perceived peer support for violence compared to heterosexual girls and sexual minority girls. The results highlight the importance of considering gender and sexual orientation when designing sexual aggression prevention programs.
Molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass: data analysis from preclinical and clinical studies
Authors: Martin Agnès , Gallot Yann S. , Freyssenet Damien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCancer cachexia is a systemic hypoanabolic and catabolic syndrome that diminishes the quality of life of cancer patients, decreases the efficiency of therapeutic strategies and ultimately contributes to decrease their lifespan. The depletion of skeletal muscle compartment, which represents the primary site of protein loss during cancer cachexia, is of very poor prognostic in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an extensive and comparative analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in human cachectic cancer patients and in animal models of cancer cachexia. We summarize data from preclinical and clinical studies investigating how the protein turnover is regulated in cachectic skeletal muscle and question to what extent the transcriptional and translational capacities, as well as the proteolytic capacity (ubiquitin–proteasome system, autophagy–lysosome system and calpains) of skeletal muscle are involved in the cachectic syndrome in human and animals. We also wonder how regulatory mechanisms such as insulin/IGF1–AKT–mTOR pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, oxidative stress, inflammation (cytokines and downstream IL1ß/TNFα–NF‐κB and IL6–JAK–STAT3 pathways), TGF‐ß signalling pathways (myostatin/activin A‐SMAD2/3 and BMP‐SMAD1/5/8 pathways), as well as glucocorticoid signalling, modulate skeletal muscle proteostasis in cachectic cancer patients and animals. Finally, a brief description of the effects of various therapeutic strategies in preclinical models is also provided. Differences in the molecular and biochemical responses of skeletal muscle to cancer cachexia between human and animals (protein turnover rates, regulation of ubiquitin‐proteasome system and myostatin/activin A‐SMAD2/3 signalling pathways) are highlighted and discussed. Identifying the various and intertwined mechanisms that are deregulated during cancer cachexia and understanding why they are decontrolled will provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting in cancer patients.
Epstein−Barr virus reactivation induces MYC‐IGH spatial proximity and t(8;14) in B cells
Authors: Sall Fatimata Bintou , Shmakova Anna , Karpukhina Anna , Tsfasman Tatyana , Lomov Nikolai , Canoy Reynand Jay , Boutboul David , Oksenhendler Eric , Toure Awa Oumar , Lipinski Marc , Wiels Joëlle , Germini Diego , Vassetzky Yegor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is a B cell malignancy associated with the Epstein−Barr virus (EBV). Most BL cases are characterized by a t(8;14) chromosomal translocation involving the MYC oncogene and the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH). The role of EBV in promoting this translocation remains largely unknown. Here we provide the experimental evidence that EBV reactivation from latency leads to an increase in the proximity between the MYC and IGH loci, otherwise located far away in the nuclear space both in B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines and in patients' B‐cells. Specific DNA damage within the MYC locus, followed by the MRE11‐dependent DNA repair plays a role in this process. Using a CRISPR/Cas9‐based B cell model to induce specific DNA double strand breaks in MYC and IGH loci, we have shown that the MYC‐IGH proximity induced by EBV reactivation leads to an increased t(8;14) translocation frequency.
The impact of mild hypercholesterolemia on injury repair in the rat patellar tendon
Authors: Waugh Charlie M. , Mousavizadeh Rouhollah , Lee Jenny , Screen Hazel R. C. , Scott Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHypercholesterolemia is associated with tendon pathology and injury prevalence. Lipids can accumulate in the tendon's extracellular spaces, which may disrupt its hierarchical structure and the tenocytes physicochemical environment. We hypothesized that the tendon's ability to repair after injury would be attenuated with elevated cholesterol levels, leading to inferior mechanical properties. Fifty wild‐type (sSD) and 50 apolipoprotein E knock‐out rats (ApoE−/−) were given a unilateral patellar tendon (PT) injury at 12 weeks old; the uninjured limb served as a control. Animals were euthanized at 3‐, 14,‐ or 42‐days postinjury and PT healing was investigated. ApoE−/− serum cholesterol was double that of SD rats (mean: 2.12 vs. 0.99 mg/mL, p < 0.001) and cholesterol level was related to the expression of several genes after injury; notably rats with higher cholesterol demonstrated a blunted inflammatory response. There was little physical evidence of tendon lipid content or differences in injury repair between groups, therefore we were not surprised that tendon mechanical or material properties did not differ between strains. The young age and the mild phenotype of our ApoE−/− rats might explain these findings. Hydroxyproline content was positively related to total blood cholesterol, but this result did not translate to observable biomechanical differences, perhaps due to the narrow range of cholesterol levels observed. Tendon inflammatory and healing activity is modulated at the mRNA level even with a mild hypercholesterolemia. These important initial impacts need to be investigated as they may contribute to the known consequences of cholesterol on tendons in humans.
Formosanin C suppresses cancer cell proliferation and migration by impeding autophagy machinery
Authors: Chu Man‐Ling , Lin Pei‐Wen , Liu Yu‐Wen , Wu Shan‐Ying , Lan Sheng‐Hui , Su Chun‐Li , Liu Hsiao‐Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFormosanin C (FC) is a natural compound extracted from Paris formosana Hayata with anticancer activity. FC induces both autophagy and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. FC‐induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) may trigger mitophagy. In this study, we clarified the effect of FC on autophagy, mitophagy, and the role of autophagy in FC‐related cell death and motility. We found FC caused the continuous increase of LC3 II (representing autophagosomes) from 24 to 72 h without degradation after treatment of lung and colon cancer cells, indicating that FC blocks autophagic progression. In addition, we confirmed that FC also induces early stage autophagic activity. Altogether, FC is not only an inducer but also a blocker of autophagy progression. Moreover, FC increased MMP accompanied by overexpression of COX IV (mitochondria marker) and phosphorylated Parkin (p‐Parkin, mitophagy marker) in lung cancer cells, but no colocalization of LC3 with COX IV or p‐Parkin was detected under confocal microscopy. Moreover, FC could not block CCCP (mitophagy inducer)‐induced mitophagy. These results imply that FC disrupts mitochondria dynamics in the treated cells, and the underlying mechanism deserves further exploration. Functional analysis reveals that FC suppresses cell proliferation and motility through apoptosis and EMT‐related pathway, respectively. In conclusion, FC acts as an inducer as well as a blocker of autophagy that results in cancer cell apoptosis and decreased motility. Our findings shed the light on the development of combined therapy with FC and clinical anticancer drugs for cancer treatment.
Effect of roots on the soil detachment process in grassland and shrubland
Authors: Ma Jianye , Ma Bo , Li Zhanbin , Wang Chenguang , Zhang Zeyu , Li Gui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlant roots play an important role in reducing soil detachment and increasing soil erosion resistance. Current studies have mainly focused on the quantification of the soil detachment rate (SDR). However, few studies have been conducted to explore the variation in the SDR and root effects during the soil detachment process. In this study, undisturbed soil samples were collected from four shrublands (with the main species Caragana korshinskii, C. korshinskii mixed with Agropyron cristatum, C. korshinskii mixed with Bothriochloa ischaemum, and C. korshinskii mixed with Artemisia gmelinii) and three grasslands (with the main species B. ischaemum, B. ischaemum mixed with A. cristatum, and B. ischaemum mixed with A. gmelinii) on the Loess Plateau, China. The samples were subjected to flow scouring through hydraulic flume experiments under six different shear stresses. The duration of this experiment was 6 min, and the SDR of each minute was estimated. The results showed that the SDR of shrubland was higher than that of grassland in each detachment process. The dominant factors affecting SDR gradually changed from the root–soil composite properties to the hydrodynamic parameters in this process. The effect of roots on the SDR was stronger than that of soil properties in the root–soil composite. In the early detachment stage, the 0–2 mm fine roots had the strongest effect on the SDR, while it was affected by the combined effect of fine roots and coarse roots in the later stage. When the fibrous roots were mixed with the tap roots, the fibrous roots had a significant negative effect on the SDR and mainly affected the early detachment stage. However, the tap roots had a weak effect in all stages. With the detachment process, the soil erosion resistance first increased and then stabilized, and the variations were mainly concentrated from 0 to 3 min. The roots mainly affected the SDR and soil erosion resistance by influencing rill erodibility parameters.
Effect of the Grain‐for‐Green Program on forest fragmentation
Authors: Zhang Mei , Yu Shichuan , Ye Quanping , Li Zhen , Yin Daihao , Zhao Zhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFragmentation profoundly alters the character and pattern of forests, influencing biodiversity in the context of global climate change. Forest area density (FAD) is currently considered the most effective method for characterizing forest fragmentation. Therefore, reasonable and accurate quantification of FAD and its relationship with forest cover changes are essential for evaluating forest fragmentation in the Loess Plateau under the implementation of the Grain‐for‐Green Program (GGP). Based on land use/cover (LULC) in 1998–2022, we integrated the Random forest (RF) algorithm and the conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent (CLUE‐S) model to derive LULC in 2030. Subsequently, we proposed a multi‐scale window threshold to evaluate forest fragmentation by constructing nonlinear models. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between FAD and forest cover changes by spatial regression models. The results are as follows: (1) in 1998–2030, the main conversion of LULC was of the cropland to broad‐leaf forests and grassland. (2) The 43 × 43 window served as the optimal multi‐scale threshold to assess forest fragmentation. (3) The GGP slowed down forest fragmentation. (4) The degree of fragmentation in broad‐leaf forests was higher than that in coniferous forests. (5) Spatial error model (SEM) was the most appropriate for establishing the spatial relationship between forest fragmentation and forest cover changes. In conclusion, since the implementation of the GGP, forest cover changes had a significant impact on forest fragmentation and its multi‐scale threshold. This research provides a basis for the reasonable configuration of land resources in the Loess Plateau and novel methods for studying forest cover changes and fragmentation.
Online Conversations for Equity, Action, and Networking: A Pilot Project Highlighting Diversity in the Ocean Sciences
Authors: Johanif Dira , Alemayehu Eden , Chan Tiffany , Nöel Erin , Santamaria Charles , Davis Shannon , Evensen K Garrett , Lillquist Jessica , Mabry Lee , Lockwood Lucy , Ploumi Konstantina Tania , Rosenthal Isaac , Roy Michael , San Antonio Christine , Sheldon Patrick , Luis Kelly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement urged institutions to redress shortcomings in their diversity, equity, and inclusion goals and initiatives. The School for the Environment (SFE) at the University of Massachusetts Boston (UMass Boston), a public research minority serving university in the United States of America, responded to this call through launching the Online Conversations for Equity, Action, and Networking (OCEAN) program. This pilot project funded by Woods Hole Sea Grant aimed to amplify the voices of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) in the marine sciences. A collective of SFE undergraduate and graduate students hosted virtual department seminars, undergraduate meet and greets, and podcast interviews for invited BIPOC speakers. Pre‐ and post‐surveys were developed to evaluate the efficacy and reach of the OCEAN programming and the results indicate that the program had an overall positive effect on the UMass Boston community. Ultimately, the OCEAN program provides an example for launching and evaluating virtual BIPOC science engagement and outreach initiatives.
Expanding the genetic spectrum of giant axonal neuropathy: Two novel variants in Iranian families
Authors: Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Dehnavi Ali Zare , Tavasoli Ali Reza , Heidari Morteza , Ghahvechi Akbari Masoud , Ronagh Ali Reza , Ghafouri Mohammad , Mahdieh Nejat , Mohammadi Pouria , Rezaei Zahra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGiant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive childhood hereditary polyneuropathy that affects both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Disease‐causing variants in the gigaxonin gene (GAN) cause autosomal recessive giant axonal neuropathy. Facial weakness, nystagmus, scoliosis, kinky or curly hair, pyramidal and cerebellar signs, and sensory and motor axonal neuropathy are the main symptoms of this disorder. Here, we report two novel variants in the GAN gene from two unrelated Iranian families.MethodsClinical and imaging data of patients were recorded and evaluated, retrospectively. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was undertaken in order to detect disease‐causing variants in participants. Confirmation of a causative variant in all three patients and their parents was carried out using Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis. In addition, for comparing to our cases, we reviewed all relevant clinical data of previously published cases of GAN between the years 2013–2020.ResultsThree patients from two unrelated families were included. Using WES, we identified a novel nonsense variant [NM_022041.3:c.1162del (p.Leu388Ter)], in a 7‐year‐old boy of family 1, and a likely pathogenic missense variant [NM_022041.3:c.370T>A (p.Phe124Ile)], in two affected siblings of the family 2. Clinical examination revealed typical features of GAN‐1 in all three patients, including walking difficulties, ataxic gait, kinky hair, sensory‐motor polyneuropathy, and nonspecific neuroimaging abnormalities. Review of 63 previously reported cases of GAN indicated unique kinky hair, gait problem, hyporeflexia/areflexia, and sensory impairment were the most commonly reported clinical features.ConclusionsOne homozygous nonsense variant and one homozygous missense variant in the GAN gene were discovered for the first time in two unrelated Iranian families that expand the mutation spectrum of GAN. Imaging findings are nonspecific, but the electrophysiological study in addition to history is helpful to achieve the diagnosis. The molecular test confirms the diagnosis.