bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher-derivative couplings and torsional Riemann curvature
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using the most general higher-derivative field redefinitions for the closed spacetime manifolds, we show that the tree-level couplings of the metric, B-field and dilaton at orders α′2 and α′3 that have been recently found by the T-duality, can be written in a particular scheme in terms of the torsional Riemann curvature $$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
and the torsion tensor H. The couplings at order α′2 have structures $$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
3, H2$$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
2, H6, and the couplings at order α′3 have only structures $$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
4, H2$$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
3. Replacing $$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
with the ordinary Riemann curvature, the couplings in the structure H2$$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
3 reproduce the couplings found in the literature by the S-matrix method.
Far-from-equilibrium attractors for massive kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation
Authors: Alalawi H. , Strickland M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigate whether early and late time attractors for non-conformal kinetic theories exist by computing the time-evolution of a large set of moments of the one-particle distribution function. For this purpose we make use of a previously obtained exact solution of the 0+1D boost-invariant massive Boltzmann equation in relaxation time approximation. We extend prior attractor studies of non-conformal systems by using a realistic mass- and temperature-dependent relaxation time and explicitly computing the effect of varying both the initial momentum-space anisotropy and initialization time on the time evolution of a large set of integral moments. Our findings are consistent with prior studies, which found that there is an attractor for the scaled longitudinal pressure, but not for the shear and bulk viscous corrections separately. We further present evidence that both late- and early-time attractors exist for all moments of the one-particle distribution function that contain greater than one power of the longitudinal momentum squared.
The ZZ annulus one-point function in non-critical string theory: A string field theory analysis
Authors: Eniceicu Dan Stefan , Mahajan Raghu , Maity Pronobesh , Murdia Chitraang , Sen Ashoke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We compute the ZZ annulus one-point function of the cosmological constant operator in non-critical string theory, regulating divergences from the boundaries of moduli space using string field theory. We identify a subtle issue in a previous analysis of these divergences, which was done in the context of the c = 1 string theory, and where it had led to a mismatch with the prediction from the dual matrix quantum mechanics. After fixing this issue, we find a precise match to the expected answer in both the c < 1 and c = 1 cases. We also compute the disk two-point function, which is a quantity of the same order, and show that it too matches with the general prediction.
Geometric action for extended Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group in four dimensions
Authors: Barnich Glenn , Nguyen Kevin , Ruzziconi Romain 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe constrained Hamiltonian analysis of geometric actions is worked out before applying the construction to the extended Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group in four dimensions. For any Hamiltonian associated with an extended BMS4generator, this action provides a field theory in two plus one spacetime dimensions whose Poisson bracket algebra of Noether charges realizes the extended BMS4Lie algebra. The Poisson structure of the model includes the classical version of the operator product expansions that have appeared in the context of celestial holography. Furthermore, the model reproduces the evolution equations of non-radiative asymptotically flat spacetimes at null infinity.
Tensor Product of Evolution Algebras
Authors: Cabrera Casado Yolanda , Martín Barquero Dolores , Martín González Cándido , Tocino Alicia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe starting point of this work is the fact that the class of evolution algebras over a fixed field is closed under tensor product. We prove that, under certain conditions, the tensor product is an evolution algebra if and only if every factor is an evolution algebra. Another issue arises about the inheritance of properties from the tensor product to the factors and conversely. For instance, nondegeneracy, irreducibility, perfectness and simplicity are investigated. The four-dimensional case is illustrative and useful to contrast conjectures, so we achieve a complete classification of four-dimensional perfect evolution algebras emerging as tensor product of two-dimensional ones. We find that there are four-dimensional evolution algebras that are the tensor product of two nonevolution algebras.
Travelling waves for Maxwell’s equations in nonlinear and nonsymmetric media
Authors: Mederski Jarosław , Reichel Wolfgang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe look for travelling wave fields $$\begin{aligned} E(x,y,z,t)&= U(x,y) \cos (kz+\omega t)+ {\widetilde{U}}(x,y)\sin (kz+\omega t),\\&\quad (x,y,z)\in \mathbb {R}^3,\, t\in \mathbb {R} \end{aligned}$$

E
(
x
,
y
,
z
,
t
)

=
U

(
x
,
y
)

cos

(
k
z
+
ω
t
)

+

U
~

(
x
,
y
)

sin

(
k
z
+
ω
t
)

,

(
x
,
y
,
z
)

∈

R

3

,

t
∈
R

satisfying Maxwell’s equations in a nonlinear medium which is not necessarily cylindrically symmetric. The nonlinearity of the medium enters Maxwell’s equations by postulating a nonlinear material law $$D=\varepsilon E+\chi (x,y, \langle |E|^2\rangle )E$$

D
=
ε
E
+

χ
(
x
,
y
,
⟨
|
E
|

2

⟩
)

E

between the electric field E, its time averaged intensity $$\langle |E|^2\rangle $$

⟨
|
E

|
2

⟩

and the electric displacement field D. We derive a new semilinear elliptic problem for the profiles $$U,{\widetilde{U}}:\mathbb {R}^2\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^3$$

U
,

U
~

:

R

2

→

R

3

$$\begin{aligned} Lu-V(x,y)u=f(x,y,u)\quad \hbox {with }u=\begin{pmatrix} U \\ {\widetilde{U}} \end{pmatrix}, \hbox { for }(x,y)\in \mathbb {R}^2, \end{aligned}$$

L
u
-
V

(
x
,
y
)

u
=
f

(
x
,
y
,
u
)

with

u
=

U

U
~

,

for

(
x
,
y
)

∈

R

2

,

where $$f(x,y,u)=\omega ^2\chi (x,y, |u|^2)u$$

f

(
x
,
y
,
u
)

=

ω
2

χ
(
x
,
y
,
|
u
|

2

)
u

. Solving this equation we can obtain exact travelling wave solutions of the underlying nonlinear Maxwell equations. We are able to deal with super quadratic and subcritical focusing effects, e.g. in the Kerr-like materials with the nonlinear susceptibility of the form $$\chi (x,y,\langle |E^2|\rangle E) = \chi ^{(3)}(x,y)\langle |E|^2\rangle E$$

χ
(
x
,
y
,
⟨
|

E
2

|
⟩
E
)

=

χ

(
3
)

(
x
,
y
)

⟨
|
E
|

2

⟩
E

. A variational approach is presented for the semilinear problem. The energy functional associated with the equation is strongly indefinite, since L contains an infinite dimensional kernel. The methods developed in this paper may be applicable to other strongly indefinite elliptic problems and other nonlinear phenomena.
Transcriptomic-based evaluation of trichloroethylene glutathione and cysteine conjugates demonstrate phenotype-dependent stress responses in a panel of human in vitro models
Authors: Capinha Liliana , Zhang Yaran , Holzer Anna-Katharina , Ückert Anna-Katharina , Zana Melinda , Carta Giada , Murphy Cormac , Baldovini Jenna , Mazidi Zahra , Grillari Johannes , Dinnyes Andras , van de Water Bob , Leist Marcel , Commandeur Jan N. M. , Jennings Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnvironmental or occupational exposure of humans to trichloroethylene (TCE) has been associated with different extrahepatic toxic effects, including nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Bioactivation of TCE via the glutathione (GSH) conjugation pathway has been proposed as underlying mechanism, although only few mechanistic studies have used cell models of human origin. In this study, six human derived cell models were evaluated as in vitro models representing potential target tissues of TCE-conjugates: RPTEC/TERT1 (kidney), HepaRG (liver), HUVEC/TERT2 (vascular endothelial), LUHMES (neuronal, dopaminergic), human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived peripheral neurons (UKN5) and hiPSC-derived differentiated brain cortical cultures containing all subtypes of neurons and astrocytes (BCC42). A high throughput transcriptomic screening, utilizing mRNA templated oligo-sequencing (TempO-Seq), was used to study transcriptomic effects after exposure to TCE-conjugates. Cells were exposed to a wide range of concentrations of S-(1,2-trans-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (1,2-DCVG), S-(1,2-trans-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (1,2-DCVC), S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (2,2-DCVG), and S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (2,2-DCVC). 1,2-DCVC caused stress responses belonging to the Nrf2 pathway and Unfolded protein response in all the tested models but to different extents. The renal model was the most sensitive model to both 1,2-DCVC and 1,2-DCVG, with an early Nrf2-response at 3 µM and hundreds of differentially expressed genes at higher concentrations. Exposure to 2,2-DCVG and 2,2-DCVC also resulted in the upregulation of Nrf2 pathway genes in RPTEC/TERT1 although at higher concentrations. Of the three neuronal models, both the LUHMES and BCC42 showed significant Nrf2-responses and at higher concentration UPR-responses, supporting recent hypotheses that 1,2-DCVC may be involved in neurotoxic effects of TCE. The cell models with the highest expression of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzymes, showed cellular responses to both 1,2-DCVG and 1,2-DCVC. Little to no effects were found in the neuronal models from 1,2-DCVG exposure due to their low GGT-expression. This study expands our knowledge on tissue specificity of TCE S-conjugates and emphasizes the value of human cell models together with transcriptomics for such mechanistic studies.
Combined assisted bone age assessment and adult height prediction methods in Chinese girls with early puberty: analysis of three artificial intelligence systems
Authors: Huang Shurong , Su Zhe , Liu Shuangyi , Chen Jinfeng , Su Qiru , Su Huiping , Shang Yue , Jiao Yanhua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The applicability and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted bone age assessment and adult height prediction methods in girls with early puberty are unknown.

Objective
To analyze the performance of AI-assisted bone age assessment methods by comparing the corresponding methods for predicted adult height with actual adult height.

Materials and methods
This retrospective review included 726 girls with early puberty, 87 of whom had reached adult height at last follow-up. Bone age was evaluated using the Greulich–Pyle (GP), Tanner–Whitehouse (TW3–RUS) and China 05 RUS–CHN (RUS-CHN) methods. Predicted adult height was calculated using the China 05 (CH05), TW3 and Bayley–Pinneau (BP) methods.

Results
We analyzed 1,663 left-hand radiographs, including 155 from girls who had reached adult height. In the 6–8- and 9–11-years age groups, bone age differences were smaller than those in the 12–14-years group; however, the differences between predicted adult height and actual adult height were larger than those in the 12–14-years group. TW3 overestimated adult height by 0.4±2.8 cm, while CH05 and BP significantly underestimated adult height by 2.9±3.6 cm and 1.3±3.8 cm, respectively. TW3 yielded the highest proportion of predicted adult height within ±5 cm of actual adult height (92.9%), with the highest correlation between predicted and actual adult heights.

Conclusion
The differences in measured bone ages increased with increasing bone age. However, the corresponding method for predicting adult height was more accurate when the bone age was older. TW3 might be more suitable than CH05 and BP for predicting adult height in girls with early puberty. Methods for predicting adult height should be optimized for populations of the same ethnicity and disease.
Performance of a deep convolutional neural network for MRI-based vertebral body measurements and insufficiency fracture detection
Authors: Germann Christoph , Meyer André N. , Staib Matthias , Sutter Reto , Fritz Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The aim is to validate the performance of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for vertebral body measurements and insufficiency fracture detection on lumbar spine MRI.

Methods
This retrospective analysis included 1000 vertebral bodies in 200 patients (age 75.2 ± 9.8 years) who underwent lumbar spine MRI at multiple institutions. 160/200 patients had ≥ one vertebral body insufficiency fracture, 40/200 had no fracture. The performance of the DCNN and that of two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists in vertebral body measurements (anterior/posterior height, extent of endplate concavity, vertebral angle) and evaluation for insufficiency fractures were compared. Statistics included (a) interobserver reliability metrics using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), kappa statistics, and Bland-Altman analysis, and (b) diagnostic performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy). A statistically significant difference was accepted if the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap.

Results
The inter-reader agreement between radiologists and the DCNN was excellent for vertebral body measurements, with ICC values of > 0.94 for anterior and posterior vertebral height and vertebral angle, and good to excellent for superior and inferior endplate concavity with ICC values of 0.79–0.85. The performance of the DCNN in fracture detection yielded a sensitivity of 0.941 (0.903–0.968), specificity of 0.969 (0.954–0.980), and accuracy of 0.962 (0.948–0.973). The diagnostic performance of the DCNN was independent of the radiological institution (accuracy 0.964 vs. 0.960), type of MRI scanner (accuracy 0.957 vs. 0.964), and magnetic field strength (accuracy 0.966 vs. 0.957).

Conclusions
A DCNN can achieve high diagnostic performance in vertebral body measurements and insufficiency fracture detection on heterogeneous lumbar spine MRI.

Key Points
• A DCNN has the potential for high diagnostic performance in measuring vertebral bodies and detecting insufficiency fractures of the lumbar spine.
Hepatic hydrothorax does not increase the risk of death after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhosis patients
Authors: Gou Xiaoyuan , Jia Wenyuan , He Chuangye , Yuan Xulong , Niu Jing , Xu Jiao , Han Na , Zhu Ying , Wang Wenlan , Tie Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a predictor of poor survival in cirrhosis patients. However, whether HH increases the mortality risk of cirrhosis patients treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of HH on the survival of cirrhosis patients after TIPS.

Methods
Cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension complications were selected from a prospective database of consecutive patients treated with TIPS in Xijing Hospital from January 2015 to June 2021. Cirrhosis patients with HH were treated as the experimental group. A control group of cirrhosis patients without HH was created using propensity score matching. Survival after TIPS and the related risk factors were analysed.

Results
There were 1292 cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension complications treated with TIPS, among whom 255 patients had HH. Compared with patients without HH, patients with HH had worse liver function (MELD, 12 vs. 10, p < 0.001), but no difference in survival after TIPS was observed. After propensity score matching, 243 patients with HH and 243 patients without HH were enrolled. There was no difference in cumulative survival between patients with and without HH. Cox regression analysis showed that HH was not associated with survival after TIPS, and main portal vein thrombosis (> 50%) was a prognostic factor of long-term survival after TIPS in cirrhosis patients (hazard ratio, 1.386; 95% CI, 1.030–1.865, p = 0.031).

Conclusion
Hepatic hydrothorax does not increase the risk of death after TIPS in cirrhosis patients.

Key Points
• Hepatic hydrothorax is a decompensated event of cirrhosis and increases the risk of death.
• Hepatic hydrothorax is associated with worse liver function.
• Hepatic hydrothorax does not increase the mortality of cirrhosis treated with TIPS.
Effective thermal conductivity of dimagnesium iron hexahydride (Mg2FeH6) for heat storage applications
Authors: Albert Rene , Wagner Christian , Urbanczyk Robert , Felderhoff Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe transient plane source method was applied to measure the effective thermal conductivity in dimagnesium iron hexahydride (Mg2FeH6) prepared in a high-pressure synthesis of 50 temperature-driven de-/hydrogenation cycles. Temperature- and pressure-dependent measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of the as-synthesized Mg2FeH6 powder have been performed. Measurements for as synthesized Mg2FeH6 were carried out between 2 and 100 bar in a temperature range from 50 °C to 300 °C and at 70 bar in a temperature range from 480 °C to 520 °C during the cycle test. The effective thermal conductivity of the as-synthesized Mg2FeH6 varied between 0.39 W m−1 K−1, recorded at 50 °C and 2 bar of hydrogen gas pressure, and 0.54 W m−1 K−1, measured at 300 °C and 100 bar hydrogen pressure. The effective thermal conductivity increased with elevated hydrogen gas pressure and temperature. An evidence was found that the presence of iron prevents the sintering of the powder, resulting in a constant effective thermal conductivity during all accomplished cycles. The advantage of a non-sintered material resulting in higher hydrogen diffusion, which leads to a faster reaction time. For 50 measured de-/hydrogenation cycles between 480 °C and 520 °C, the thermal conductivity was found to be constant at around ~ 1.0 W m−1 K−1 in the dehydrogenated state (70 bar/520 °C) and between 0.7 W m−1 K−1 and 0.8 W m−1 K−1 in the hydrogenated state (70 bar/480 °C).
High-latitude precipitation as a driver of multicentennial variability of the AMOC in a climate model of intermediate complexity
Authors: Mehling Oliver , Bellomo Katinka , Angeloni Michela , Pasquero Claudia , von Hardenberg Jost 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCentennial-scale variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the absence of external forcing has been identified in several climate models, but proposed mechanisms differ considerably. Therefore, better understanding of processes governing AMOC variability at these timescales is needed. Here, we analyze numerical simulations with PlaSim-LSG, an Earth System Model Intermediate Complexity (EMIC), which exhibits strong multicentennial oscillations of AMOC strength under constant pre-industrial boundary conditions. We identify a novel mechanism in which these oscillations are driven by salinity anomalies from the Arctic Ocean, which can be attributed to changes in high-latitude precipitation. We further corroborate our findings by conducting a set of millennial-length sensitivity experiments, and we interpret the mechanism by formulating a three-box model which qualitatively reproduces regular oscillations of the AMOC. While PlaSim-LSG lacks complexity compared to state-of-the-art models, our results reveal that precipitation minus evaporation (P–E) change in the Arctic is a physically plausible driver of centennial-scale AMOC variability. We discuss how this mechanism might be most relevant in climate states warmer than the present-day, raising questions about the state-dependence of multicentennial AMOC variability.
On the Complexity of Binary Polynomial Optimization Over Acyclic Hypergraphs
Authors: Del Pia Alberto , Di Gregorio Silvia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we advance the understanding of the fundamental limits of computation for binary polynomial optimization (BPO), which is the problem of maximizing a given polynomial function over all binary points. In our main result we provide a novel class of BPO that can be solved efficiently both from a theoretical and computational perspective. In fact, we give a strongly polynomial-time algorithm for instances whose corresponding hypergraph is$$\beta $$β-acyclic. We note that the$$\beta $$β-acyclicity assumption is natural in several applications including relational database schemes and the lifted multicut problem on trees. Due to the novelty of our proving technique, we obtain an algorithm which is interesting also from a practical viewpoint. This is because our algorithm is very simple to implement and the running time is a polynomial of very low degree in the number of nodes and edges of the hypergraph. Our result completely settles the computational complexity of BPO over acyclic hypergraphs, since the problem is NP-hard on$$\alpha $$α-acyclic instances. Our algorithm can also be applied to any general BPO problem that contains$$\beta $$β-cycles. For these problems, the algorithm returns a smaller instance together with a rule to extend any optimal solution of the smaller instance to an optimal solution of the original instance.
Hyperlactatemia and altered lactate kinetics are associated with excess mortality in sepsis
Authors: Rezar Richard , Mamandipoor Behrooz , Seelmaier Clemens , Jung Christian , Lichtenauer Michael , Hoppe Uta C. , Kaufmann Reinhard , Osmani Venet , Wernly Bernhard 
Published: December 2022

SummarySevere hyperlactatemia (>10mmol/L) or impaired lactate metabolism are known to correlate with increased mortality. The maximum lactate concentration on day 1 of 10,724 septic patients from the eICU Collaborative Research Database was analyzed and patients were divided into three groups based on maximum lactate in the first 24 h (<5mmol/l; ≥5mmol/l & <10mmol/l; ≥10mmol/l). In addition, delta lactate was calculated using the following formula: (maximum lactate day 1 minus maximum lactate day 2) divided by maximum lactate day 1. A multilevel regression analysis was performed, with hospital mortality serving as the primary study end point. Significant differences in hospital mortality were found in patients with hyperlactatemia (lactate ≥10mmol/l: 79%, ≥5mmol/l & <10mmol/l: 43%, <5mmol/l, 13%; p<0.001). The sensitivity of severe hyperlactatemia (≥10mmol/l) for hospital mortality was 17%, the specificity was 99%. In patients with negative delta lactate in the first 24 h, hospital mortality was excessive (92%). In conclusion, mortality in patients with severe hyperlactatemia is very high, especially if it persists for more than 24 h. Severe hyperlactatemia, together with clinical parameters, could therefore provide a basis for setting treatment limits.