bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On adiabatic subtraction in an inflating Universe
Authors: Corbà Sofia P. , Sorbo Lorenzo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Adiabatic subtraction is a popular method of renormalization of observables in quantum field theories on a curved spacetime. When applied to the computation of the power spectra of light (m ≪ H) fields on de Sitter space with flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker slices, the standard prescriptions of adiabatic subtraction, traceable back to [1,2], lead to results that are significantly different from the standard expectations not only in the ultraviolet (k ≫ aH) but also at intermediate (m ≪ k/a ≲ H) wavelengths. In this paper we review those results and we contrast them with the power spectra obtained using an alternative prescription for adiabatic subtraction applied to quantum field theoretical systems by Dabrowski and Dunne [3,4]. This prescription eliminates the intermediate-wavelength effects of renormalization that are found when using the standard one.
Equal Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Parkinson’s Disease Revealed by Online Assessment
Authors: Piers Ryan J , Black Kelly C , Salazar Robert D , Islam Samia , Neargarder Sandy , Cronin-Golomb Alice 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Identifying persons needing mental health services is hampered by stigma-related underreporting of symptoms, especially by men. Men with Parkinson’s disease (PD) consistently report lower rates of depression than women in in-person studies. We predicted that online anonymity would elicit more gender-based parity in depression endorsement.

Method
We administered the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) online to 344 participants with PD (52% women). Depression was defined as BDI-II score &gt;13 and/or use of antidepressant medications.

Results
Overall depression prevalence was consistent with in-person studies, but with no significant difference between men and women.

Conclusions
Online methods may circumvent barriers to depression identification in men with PD.
Listening and learning for public engagement with research
Authors: Watson Rob 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
What is the possibility of community radio operating as a public engagement platform for the dissemination of publicly funded and socially relevant research? Are there ways that community development techniques, along with community-focussed communication methodologies, can be used to support inclusive and sustainable forms of public engagement for research, that go beyond goal-oriented and transactional forms of corporate and industrial mass media? The assertion here is that with the pressing demands of collective social transformation associated with the Great Disruption, there is an urgent need to revitalize the community development mindset of public engagement with—and using—established and emergent forms of media. This renewed mindset offers an extended approach to community-oriented communication that goes beyond the prevailing and standard forms of news reporting, marketing, public relations and mass media information distribution. In other words, the forms of media engagement that typically characterize much of the commercial and institutional communication practices. Instead, and as explored here, there is a need to foster an alternative communications mindset that embeds participative, mutual and developmental expectations of care, stewardship and social justice as foundational principles of communication and media for public engagement for social and academic research.
International Rule of Law through the Lens of Chinese Traditional Culture
Authors: Wang Guiguo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rule of law is recognized as an effective means of government. The international community, led by the United Nations, has been advocating the adoption of rule of law at international and national levels against the backdrop of globalization. This article examines the contributions that Chinese traditional culture may make to the creation of international rule of law. For this purpose, it will first analyse the sources and status of rule of law at the national level and the similarities and differences between international and national rule of law, the conditionality for creating international rule of law, and the development thereof. It argues that rule of law is a shared value of mankind, which is evidenced in the teachings of Chinese traditional culture; yet, due to their differences in nature, international rule of law that is applied in the international community differs from national rule of law that is enforced in national communities. This article examines the development of international rule of law and argues that it can serve as the basis for furthering international collaboration and for realizing human dignity and world peace stipulated in the Charter of the United Nations.
Chronic SIRT1 supplementation in diabetic mice improves endothelial function by suppressing oxidative stress
Authors: Yang Kangmin , Velagapudi Srividya , Akhmedov Alexander , Kraler Simon , Lapikova-Bryhinska Tetiana , Schmiady Martin O , Wu Xiaoping , Geng Leiluo , Camici Giovanni G , Xu Aimin , Lüscher Thomas F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Enhancing SIRT1 activity exerts beneficial cardiovascular effects. In diabetes, plasma SIRT1 levels are reduced. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of chronic recombinant murine SIRT1 (rmSIRT1) supplementation to alleviate endothelial and vascular dysfunction in diabetic mice (db/db).

Methods and results
Left internal mammary arteries obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with or without a diagnosis of diabetes were assayed for SIRT1 protein levels. Twelve-week-old male db/db mice and db/+ controls were treated with vehicle or rmSIRT1 intraperitoneally for 4 weeks, after which carotid artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) and energy expenditure/activity were assessed by ultrasound and metabolic cages, respectively. Aorta, carotid, and mesenteric arteries were isolated to determine endothelial and vascular function using the myograph system.
Arteries obtained from diabetic patients had significantly lower levels of SIRT1 relative to non-diabetics. In line, aortic SIRT1 levels were reduced in db/db mice compared to db/+ mice, while rmSIRT1 supplementation restored SIRT1 levels. Mice receiving rmSIRT1 supplementation displayed increased physical activity and improved vascular compliance as reflected by reduced PWV and attenuated collagen deposition. Aorta of rmSIRT1-treated mice exhibited increased endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activity, while endothelium-dependent contractions of their carotid arteries were significantly decreased, with mesenteric resistance arteries showing preserved hyperpolarization. Ex vivo incubation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger Tiron and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin revealed that rmSIRT1 leads to preserved vascular function by suppressing NADPH oxidase (NOX)-related ROS synthesis. Chronic rmSIRT1 treatment resulted in reduced expression of both NOX1 and NOX4, in line with a reduction in aortic protein carbonylation and plasma nitrotyrosine levels.

Conclusions
In diabetic conditions, arterial SIRT1 levels are significantly reduced. Chronic rmSIRT1 supplementation improves endothelial function and vascular compliance by enhancing eNOS activity and suppressing NOX-related oxidative stress. Thus, SIRT1 supplementation may represent novel therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic vascular disease.
Crosstalk between gut microbiota and RNA N6-methyladenosine modification in cancer
Authors: Su Hao , Cheung Henley , Lau Harry Cheuk-Hay , Chen Hongyan , Zhang Xiaoting , Qin Na , Wang Yifei , Chan Matthew Tak Vai , Wu William Ka Kei , Chen Huarong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating various host metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions, and has a significant impact on human health. Several lines of evidence suggest that gut dysbiosis is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. The gut microbiota can impact the development and progression of cancer through a range of mechanisms, such as regulating cell proliferation and death, modulating the host immune response, and altering the host metabolic state. Gene regulatory programs are considered critical mediators between the gut microbiota and host phenotype, of which RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications have attracted much attention recently. Aberrant m6A modifications have been shown to play a crucial role in cancer development. This review aims to provide an overview of the diverse roles of gut microbiota and RNA m6A modifications in cancer and highlight their potential interactions in cancer development.
Intervention design in public health: adaptive messaging in the Tanzanian National Sanitation Campaign
Authors: Czerniewska Alexandra , Mwambuli Kaposo , Curtis Val , Aunger Robert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Few case studies exist in the public health or design literatures showing how to create national scale messaging campaigns in low-income countries using design processes. In this paper, we describe how we used Behaviour Centred Design to develop Nyumba ni choo, the Tanzanian National Sanitation Campaign. The process involved multiple iterations of ideation and filtration by professional creatives, government staff, academics and sanitation specialists to create a branded mass communication campaign, which was refreshed annually. The campaign was based on the insight that Tanzania is modernizing rapidly, with people upgrading their homes, but leaving their outside toilets in a ‘traditional’ state. Built around the ‘big idea’ that a household is not fully modern without a good-quality, modern toilet, the campaign employed reality TV shows, live engagements and mass and digital media postings, all targeted at motivating both the government and general population to improve toilets. The campaign has made toilets a topic of national conversation and has led to a major uptick in the rate of toilet building. Efforts to improve public health-related behaviour can be enhanced by using systematic approaches that build on available evidence, understand behaviour in its common settings, employ psychological theory and engage creative expertise.
Promising Cytotoxic butenolides from the Soybean endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus: a combined molecular docking and in-vitro studies
Authors: El-Hawary Seham S , Moawad Abeer S , Bahr Hebatallah S , Attia Eman Z , El-Katatny Mo`men H , Mustafa Muhamad , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A , Rateb Mostafa E , Zhang Jian-ye , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Mohammed Rabab 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to use one strain many compounds approach (OSMAC) to investigate the cytotoxic potential of Aspergillus terreus associated with soybean versus several cancer cell lines, by means of in-silico and in vitro approaches.

Methods and results
Fermentation of the isolated strain was done on five media. The derived extracts were investigated for their inhibitory activities against three human cancer cell lines; mammary gland breast cancer (MCF-7), colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) using MTT Assay. The fungal mycelia fermented in Modified Potato Dextrose Broth (MPDB) was the most cytotoxic extract against HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines with IC50 4.2 ± 0.13, 5.9 ± 0.013 and 7.3 ± 0.004 μg mL−1, respectively. MPDB extract was scaled up resulting in the isolation of six metabolites; three fatty acids (1, 2, and 4), one sterol (3) and two butenolides (5 and 6) by column chromatography. The isolated compounds (1–6) were screened through a molecular docking approach for their binding aptitude to various active sites. butyrolactone-I (5) revealed a significant interaction within the CDK2 active site, while aspulvinone E (6) showed promising binding affinity to FLT3 and EGFR active sites that was confirmed by in vitro CDK2, FLT3 and EGFR inhibitory activity. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxic activities of butyrolactone-I (5) and aspulvinone E (6) revealed the antiproliferative activity of butyrolactone-I (5), against HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 17.85 ± 0.32 μM).

Conclusion
Molecular docking analysis and in vitro assays suggested the CDK2/A2 inhibitory potential of butyrolactone-I (5) in addition to the promising interaction abilities of aspulvinone E (6) with EGFR and FLT3 active sites as a possible mechanism of their biological activities.
The synergy of tea tree oil nano-emulsion and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Wei SiMin , Tian QiMing , Husien Hosameldeen Mohamed , Tao Ya , Liu XiaoPan , Liu MingJiang , Bo RuoNan , Li JinGui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
We determined the synergistic effects of tea tree essential oil nano-emulsion (nanoTTO) and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Then, the underlying mechanism of action of nanoTTO was investigated.

Methods and results
Minimum inhibitory concentrations and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were determined. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the expression of tight junction (TJ) protein of IPEC-J2 cells were measured to determine the in vitro efficacy of nanoTTO in combination with antibiotics. A mouse intestinal infection model evaluated the in vivo synergistic efficacy. Proteome, adhesion assays, quantitative real-time PCR, and scanning electron microscopy were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that nanoTTO was synergistic (FICI ≤ 0.5) or partial synergistic (0.5 &lt; FICI &lt; 1) with antibiotics against MDR Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Moreover, combinations increased the TEER values and the TJ protein expression of IPEC-J2 cells infected with MDR Escherichia coli. The in vivo study showed that the combination of nanoTTO and amoxicillin improved the relative weight gain and maintained the structural integrity of intestinal barriers. Proteome showed that type 1 fimbriae d-mannose specific adhesin of E. coli was downregulated by nanoTTO. Then, nanoTTO reduced bacterial adhesion and invasion and inhibited the mRNA expression of fimC, fimG, and fliC, and disrupted bacterial membranes.
Iron-richCandida utilisimproves intestinal health in weanling piglets
Authors: Zeng Yan , Zhou Bingyu , Huang LiHong , Liu YuBo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the effects of substituting inorganic iron in the diet of weanling piglets with iron-rich Candida utilis on gut morphology, immunity, barrier, and microbiota.Methods and ResultsSeventy-two healthy 28-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire desexed male weanling piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 6), with 6 pens per group and 6 piglets in each pen. The control group was fed a basal diet containing ferrous sulfate (104 mg kg−1 iron), while the experimental group was fed a basal diet supplemented with iron-rich C. utilis (104 mg kg−1 iron). The results show that the growth performance of weanling piglets showed no significantly differences (P &gt; 0.05). Iron-rich C. utilis significantly elevated villus height and decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant increase in SIgA content, a down-regulated of pro-inflammatory factors expression, and an up-regulated of anti-inflammatory factors expression in the jejunum and ileum of piglets fed iron-rich C. utilis (P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin, and Mucin2 in the jejunum were significantly increased by iron-rich C. utilis, and were significantly increased ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in the ileum (P &lt; 0.05). The colonic microbiota, however, was not significantly affected by iron-rich C. utilis (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionIron-rich C. utilis improved intestinal morphology and structure, as well as intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier function.
Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger
Authors: Rowan Connar , Boekholt Tjarda , Kocsis Bence , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Motivated by the increasing number of detections of merging black holes by LIGO-VIRGO-KAGRA, black hole (BH) binary mergers in the discs of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is investigated as a possible merger channel. In this pathway, BH encounters in the gas disc form mutually bound BH binary systems through interaction with the gas in the disc and subsequently inspiral through gravitational torques induced by the local gas. To determine the feasibility of this merger pathway, we present the first three-dimensional global hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and evolution of a stellar-mass BH binaries AGN discs with three different AGN disc masses and five different initial radial separations. These 15 simulations show binary capture of prograde and retrograde binaries can be successful in a range of disc densities including cases well below that of a standard radiatively efficient alpha disc, identifying that the majority of these captured binaries are then subsequently hardened by the surrounding gas. The eccentricity evolution depends strongly on the orbital rotation where prograde binaries are governed by gravitational torques form their circumbinary mini disc, with eccentricities being damped, while for retrograde binaries the eccentricities are excited to &gt;∼ 0.9 by accretion torques. In two cases, retrograde binaries ultimately undergo a close periapsis passage which results in a merger via gravitational waves after only a few thousand binary orbits. Thus, the merger time-scale can be far shorter than the AGN disc lifetime. These simulations support an efficient AGN disc merger pathway for BHs.
On the Hα faintness of the North Polar Spur
Authors: Sofue Yoshiaki , Kataoka Jun , Iwashita Ryoji 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The ratio of Hα intensity to 1.4-GHz radio continuum intensity in the North Polar Spur (NPS) is measured to be ≲ 50, two orders of magnitude smaller than the values of ∼104 observed in the typical shell-type old supernova remnants of the Cygnus Loop and S147. The extremely low Hα-to-radio intensity ratio favours the Galactic Centre explosion model for the NPS, which postulates a giant shock wave at a distance of several kiloparsecs in the hot and low-density Galactic halo with a low hydrogen recombination rate, over the local supernova(e) remnant model.
A local model for the spherical collapse/expansion problem
Authors: Lynch Elliot M , Laibe Guillaume 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Spherical flows are a classic problem in astrophysics which are typically studied from a global perspective. However, much like with accretion discs, there are likely many instabilities and small scale phenomena which would be easier to study from a local perspective. For this purpose, we develop a local model for a spherically contracting/expanding gas cloud, in the spirit of the shearing box, β-plane, and expanding box models which have had extensive use in studies of accretion discs, planets, and stellar winds, respectively. The local model consists of a, spatially homogeneous, periodic box with a time varying aspect ratio, along with a scale factor (analogous to that in FRW/Newtonian cosmology) relating the box coordinates to the physical coordinates of the global problem. We derive a number of symmetries and conservation laws exhibited by the local model. Some of these reflect symmetries of the periodic box, modified by the time dependant geometry, while others are local analogues for symmetries of the global problem. The energy, density, and vorticity in the box also generically increase(/decrease) as a consequence of the collapse(/expansion). We derive a number of non-linear solutions, including a local analogue of uniform density zonal flows, which grow as a consequence of angular momentum conservation. Our model is closely related to the accelerated expanding box model of Tenerani & Velli and is an extension of the isotropic model considered by Robertson & Goldreich.
The Evolutionary History of Drosophila simulans Y Chromosomes Reveals Molecular Signatures of Resistance to Sex Ratio Meiotic Drive
Authors: Courret Cécile , Ogereau David , Gilbert Clément , Larracuente Amanda M , Montchamp-Moreau Catherine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The recent evolutionary history of the Y chromosome in Drosophila simulans, a worldwide species of Afrotropical origin, is closely linked to that of X-linked meiotic drivers (Paris system). The spread of the Paris drivers in natural populations has elicited the selection of drive-resistant Y chromosomes. To infer the evolutionary history of the Y chromosome in relation to the Paris drive, we sequenced 21 iso-Y lines, each carrying a Y chromosome from a different location. Among them, 13 lines carry a Y chromosome that is able to counteract the effect of the drivers. Despite their very different geographical origins, all sensitive Y's are highly similar, suggesting that they share a recent common ancestor. The resistant Y chromosomes are more divergent and segregate in four distinct clusters. The phylogeny of the Y chromosome confirms that the resistant lineage predates the emergence of Paris drive. The ancestry of the resistant lineage is further supported by the examination of Y-linked sequences in the sister species of D. simulans, Drosophila sechellia and Drosophila mauritiana. We also characterized the variation in repeat content among Y chromosomes and identified multiple simple satellites associated with resistance. Altogether, the molecular polymorphism allows us to infer the demographic and evolutionary history of the Y chromosome and provides new insights on the genetic basis of resistance.