bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Political Islam”—A Contested Term
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter shows that there is a very broad consensus in research in the leading peer-reviewed journals of the social sciences and in the publications of the world’s leading book publishers to work with the concept of “political Islam”, whereby this analytical-conceptual consensus also includes those who, such as former US President Barack Obama, in his famous Presidential Study Directive No 11, even see an opportunity for cooperation with political Islam, which rejects terrorism, or the French sociologist Francois Burgat, who aggressively argues for an alliance of political Islam with the political left of the West. Important research figures in international Middle East studies, such as Francois Burgat, but also Jocelyne Cesari, John Esposito, Gilles Kepel, Oliver Roy, all of them, and for all the differences they may have in their approach to the phenomenon, have all written important texts on political Islam. We strongly oppose the fact that the Federal Agency for Civic Education (Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung), which is subordinate to the German Ministry of the Interior, writes that whoever uses this term is engaging in “alarmist thinking, placing Muslims under a “general suspicion”, fishing in the right-wing pond of voters, and using a term that has incitement potential”. This view, expressed by the Federal Agency for Civic Education in Bonn in the language that is so common in Europe today and that covers large sections of the academic community and the opinion columns of the major daily newspapers, seems to be becoming more and more popular.
Methods and Design of Our Own Empirical Study
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe empirical analyses of our study are based on IBM-SPSS-24 promax factor analyses of 24 variables according to the Arab Barometer, explicitly measure political Islam with five variables and also determine the environment (19 variables) of political Islam and its consequences, such as the lack of tolerance towards other religions, identification with states that today clearly represent political Islam, such as the regime in Iran, President Erdogan in Turkey, restrictive gender norms as defined by the UNDP Human Development Report, 2019, the belief that Muslims should enjoy greater rights in a state than non-Muslims, the negative fixation against the USA, UK and Israel in world politics, the call for a Sharia that explicitly introduces corporal punishment and restricts women’s rights, and expressing a sympathetic understanding of acts of anti-American terror in the Middle East. In this chapter, we debate the design of our study, the quantitative statistical methodology, the multivariate methods, especially based on promax factor analysis, the error margins, the problem of traceability, and the macro-quantitative cross-national data used in our comparisons. The chapter duly discusses the Arab Barometer and the files of the World Values Survey.
Discussion and Conclusions of This Study in the Context of the Empirical Results Obtained
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have emphasised in this chapter that our findings do not fit into any simple political template of thinking that has existed for many years on the topic of “Islam” and “migration”. Our findings show that surveys authoritatively designed by Arab social science clearly measure “political Islam”, but that the phenomenon is less pronounced in the population that says it wants to emigrate to the West than in the Arab population as a whole. We have also clearly pointed out that the RMPE cannot be separated from the climate of lawlessness that many observers unfortunately now see rampant, especially in Western industrialised countries, and secondly, that the drivers of the key variables of the RMPE are rooted in such patterns of thought and values as the demand for a redistributive state, the apolitical young generation, the rejection of the neoliberal market economy, corruption and lawlessness as well as racism and xenophobia. The best blockades against the RMPE are feminism and secularism. An honest examination of the phenomenon of RMPE will also not be able to ignore the fact that especially in Catholic countries, where the decay of traditional values is progressing particularly fast, not only the acceptance of corruption but also of political violence is on the rise again. This problem also arises in countries with a confessional orientation towards Eastern religions. The rejection of free-market competition (competition is harmful) is also clearly linked to a higher acceptance of political violence, according to the World Values Survey. The results of our study on political Islam in the Arab world certainly also have some very shocking aspects that cannot simply be swept under the carpet. Weighted by population, the Arab Barometer data show that more than 70% of Arabs have a (sympathetic) understanding of the anti-American terror that culminated in 9/11 in Manhattan. More than 44% of Arabs favour Sharia with corporal punishment, more than 37% want the rights of non-Muslims in society to be less than those of Muslims, and more than 34% also want Sharia to restrict the rights of women. We finally highlight that following the late Harvard economist Alberto Alesina (1957–2020), social trust is an essential general production factor of any social order, and the institutions of national security of the democratic West would do well to make good use of this capital of trust that also exists among Muslims living in the West.
Heinrich Wieleitner (1874–1931) und Die Geburt der modernen Mathematik – Wissenschaftskommunikation und Mathematikgeschichtsschreibung in der Weimarer Zeit
Authors: Remenyi Maria M. 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel des Mathematikhistorikers Heinrich Wieleitner untersucht der Aufsatz zum einen die enge personelle und inhaltliche Verflechtung von Mathematikgeschichtsschreibung, Mathematikdidaktik und Mathematikkommunikation und verweist so auf die vielfältigen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen externer und interner Wissenschaftskommunikation.Die Fallstudie eröffnet darüber hinaus unter Einbeziehung medienhistorischer Aspekte neue Einblicke in die personelle, institutionelle und inhaltliche Struktur mathematischer Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im 20. Jahrhundert. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Weimarer Zeit, deren kulturelle Debatten das Selbstverständnis der Mathematik nicht nur auf besondere Weise herausforderten. Sie erwiesen sich, wie im Folgenden gezeigt wird, unter den Bedingungen einer sich verändernden Medienlandschaft auch als Chance für eine publizistisch erfolgreiche Selbstdarstellung der Disziplin.
Leistenhernienoperationen – immer ambulant?
Authors:   DACH-Konsensusgruppe ambulante Leistenhernienchirurgie, Niebuhr H. , Köckerling F. , Fortelny R. , Hoffmann H. , Conze J. , Holzheimer R. G. , Koch A. , Köhler G. , Krones C. , Kukleta J. , Kuthe A. , Lammers B. , Lorenz R. , Mayer F. , Pöllath M. , Reinpold W. , Schwab R. , Stechemesser B. , Weyhe D. , Wiese M. , Zarras K. , Meyer H.-J. 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungLeistenhernienoperationen stellen mit ca. 300.000 Eingriffen jährlich in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (DACH-Region) die häufigste Operation überhaupt dar. Trotz des bekundeten politischen Willens und des zunehmenden Drucks der Gesetzgeber zur Vermeidung kostenintensiver stationärer Behandlungen, so viele Operationen wie möglich ambulant durchzuführen, spielt in der DACH-Region die ambulante Versorgung bislang nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die Vorstände der Fachgesellschaften Deutsche Hernien Gesellschaft (DHG), Chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Hernien (CAH der DHG), Österreichische Hernien Gesellschaft (ÖHG) und Schweizerische Arbeitsgruppe für Hernienchirurgie (SAHC) setzen sich mit diesem Problem auseinander, schildern die Ausgangslage und bewerten die aktuelle Situation.
A decade of violence and empty stadiums in Egypt: when does emotion from the terraces affect behaviour on the pitch?
Authors: Singleton Carl , Reade J. James , Schreyer Dominik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn less than a decade, the Egyptian Premier League has experienced three distinct changes between periods of competition in either crowded or empty stadiums. We exploit this unique sequence of natural experiments, to answer two questions neglected by the still emerging literature on the effects of crowds on behaviour and decision making. First, does reinstating a supportive crowd after a long period of absence affect performances on the pitch? Second, is any reduced home advantage from competing in empty stadiums robust to repeating such an experiment? We find that eliminating crowds decreased or even reversed home advantage after an incident of extreme crowd violence in 2012, but there were no significant effects when crowds were reinstated in 2018 and once more excluded in 2020.
Analytical applications of smartphones for agricultural soil analysis
Authors: Tobiszewski Marek , Vakh Christina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoil is one of the most important farming resources. Appropriate managing of its quality promotes productive and sustainable agriculture. The valuable farm practice in soil quality managing is based on regular soil analysis with the aim of determining the exact amount of nutrients or other chemical, physical, and biological soil properties. Soil analysis usually requires sample collection at the desired sampling depth followed by sample delivery to chemical laboratories. However, laboratory analyses are resource-intensive and costly, and require a lot of time, effort, and equipment. A low-cost, fast, and effective alternative for soil quality control is the application of smartphones to perform chemical analyses directly in the field or on the farm. In this paper, an overview of recent developments on smartphone-based methodologies for agricultural purposes and portable evaluation of soil quality and its properties is presented. The discussion focuses on recent applications of smartphone-based devices for the determination of basic soil parameters, content of organic matter, mineral fertilizers, and organic or inorganic pollutants. Obvious advantages of using smartphones, such as convenience and simplicity of use, and the main shortcomings, such as relatively poor precision of the results obtained, are also discussed. The general trend shows the huge interest from researchers to move the technology into the field with the aim of providing cost-effective and rapid soil analysis. This paper can broaden the understanding of using smartphones for chemical analysis of soil samples, as it is a relatively new area and is expected to be developed rapidly.
Graphical Abstract
Exact integrability conditions for cotangent vector fields
Authors: Bianchini Stefano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn Quantum Hydro-Dynamics the following problem is relevant: let $$(\sqrt{\rho },\Lambda ) \in {W^{1,2}}({\mathbb {R}}^d,{\mathcal {L}}^d,{\mathbb {R}}^+) \times L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d,\mathcal L^d,{\mathbb {R}}^d)$$

(

ρ

,
Λ
)

∈

W

1
,
2

(

R

d

,

L

d

,

R

+

)

×

L
2

(

R

d

,

L
d

,

R

d

)

be a finite energy hydrodynamics state, i.e. $$\Lambda = 0$$

Λ
=
0

when $$\rho = 0$$

ρ
=
0

and $$\begin{aligned} E = \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^d} \frac{1}{2} \big | \nabla \sqrt{\rho } \big |^2 + \frac{1}{2} \Lambda ^2 {\mathcal {L}}^d < \infty . \end{aligned}$$

E
=

∫

R

d

1
2

|

∇

ρ

|

2

+

1
2

Λ
2

L

d

<
∞
.

The question is under which conditions there exists a wave function $$\psi \in {W^{1,2}}({\mathbb {R}}^d,{\mathcal {L}}^d,{\mathbb {C}})$$

ψ
∈

W

1
,
2

(

R

d

,

L

d

,
C
)

such that $$\begin{aligned} \sqrt{\rho } = |\psi |, \quad J = \sqrt{\rho } \Lambda = \Im \big ( {\bar{\psi }} \nabla \psi ). \end{aligned}$$

ρ

=

|
ψ
|
,

J

=

ρ

Λ
=
ℑ

(

ψ

¯

∇
ψ
)
.

The second equation gives for $$\psi = \sqrt{\rho } w$$

ψ
=

ρ

w

smooth, $$|w| = 1$$

|
w
|
=
1

, that $$i \Lambda = \sqrt{\rho } {\bar{w}} \nabla w$$

i
Λ
=

ρ

w

¯

∇
w

. Interpreting $$\rho {\mathcal {L}}^d$$

ρ

L

d

as a measure in the metric space $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

, this question can be stated in generality as follows: given metric measure space $$(X,d,\mu )$$

(
X
,
d
,
μ
)

and a cotangent vector field $$v \in L^2(T^* X)$$

v
∈

L
2

(

T
∗

X
)

, is there a function $$w \in {W^{1,2}}(X,\mu ,{\mathbb {S}}^1)$$

w
∈

W

1
,
2

(
X
,
μ
,

S

1

)

such that $$\begin{aligned} dw = i w v. \end{aligned}$$

d
w
=
i
w
v
.

Under some assumptions on the metric measure space $$(X,d,\mu )$$

(
X
,
d
,
μ
)

(conditions which are verified on Riemann manifolds with the measure $$\mu = \rho \textrm{Vol}$$

μ
=
ρ
Vol

or more generally on non-branching $$\textrm{MCP}(K,N)$$

MCP
(
K
,
N
)

), we show that the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of w is that (in the case of differentiable manifold) $$\begin{aligned} \int v(\gamma (t)) \cdot {\dot{\gamma }} (t) dt \in 2\pi {\mathbb {Z}}\end{aligned}$$

∫
v

(
γ

(
t
)

)

·

γ
˙

(
t
)

d
t
∈
2
π
Z

for $$\pi $$
π
-a.e. $$\gamma $$
γ
, where $$\pi $$
π
is a test plan supported on closed curves. This condition generalizes the condition that the vorticity is quantized. We also give a representation of every possible solution. In particular, we deduce that the wave function $$\psi = \sqrt{\rho } w$$

ψ
=

ρ

w

is in $$W^{1,2}(X,\mu ,{\mathbb {C}})$$

W

1
,
2

(
X
,
μ
,
C
)

whenever $$\sqrt{\rho } \in W^{1,2}(X,\mu ,{\mathbb {R}}^+)$$

ρ

∈

W

1
,
2

(
X
,
μ
,

R

+

)

.
Neoplasms and tumor-like lesions of the sellar region: imaging findings with correlation to pathology and 2021 WHO classification
Authors: Ugga Lorenzo , Franca Raduan Ahmed , Scaravilli Alessandra , Solari Domenico , Cocozza Sirio , Tortora Fabio , Cavallo Luigi Maria , De Caro Marialaura Del Basso , Elefante Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe sellar region represents a complex anatomical area, composed of multiple structures of different embryological derivation, including the skull base and the pituitary gland, along with vascular, nervous, and meningeal structures. Masses arising in this region include benign and malignant lesions arising from the pituitary gland itself, but also from vestigial embryological residues or surrounding tissues, that may require different therapeutic approaches. While assessing sellar region masses, the combination of clinical presentation and imaging features is fundamental to define hypotheses about their nature. MR represents the imaging modality of choice, providing information about the site of the lesion, its imaging features, and relation with adjacent structures, while CT is useful to confirm the presence of lesion calcifications or to reveal tumor invasion of bony structures. The aim of this pictorial review is to provide an overview of the common neoplasms and tumor-like conditions of the sellar region, according to the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (fifth edition), with an emphasis on the radiologic-pathologic correlation. After a brief introduction on the anatomy of this region and the imaging and pathological techniques currently used, the most relevant MRI characteristics, clinical findings, and pathological data, including histologic and molecular features, will be shown and discussed, with the aim of facilitating an appropriate differential diagnosis among these entities.
Epilithic Bacterial Assemblages on Subtidal Rocky Reefs: Variation Among Alternative Habitats at Ambient and Enhanced Nutrient Levels
Authors: Elsherbini Joseph , Corzett Christopher , Ravaglioli Chiara , Tamburello Laura , Polz Martin , Bulleri Fabio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTemperate rocky reefs often support mosaics of alternative habitats such as macroalgal forests, algal turfs and sea urchin barrens. Although the composition of epilithic microbial biofilms (EMBs) is recognized as a major determinant of macroalgal recruitment, their role in regulating the stability of alternative habitats on temperate rocky reefs remains unexplored. On shallow rocky reefs of the Island of Capraia (NW Mediterranean), we compared EMB structure among canopy stands formed by the fucoid Ericaria brachycarpa, algal turfs, and urchin barrens under ambient versus experimentally enhanced nutrient levels. The three habitats shared a core microbial community consisting of 21.6 and 25.3% of total ASVs under ambient and enhanced nutrient conditions, respectively. Although Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia were the most abundant classes across habitats, multivariate analyses at the ASV level showed marked differences in EMB composition among habitats. Enhancing nutrient level had no significant effect on EMBs, although it increased their similarity between macroalgal canopy and turf habitats. At both ambient and enriched nutrient levels, ASVs mostly belonging to Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in EMBs from macroalgal canopies than barrens. In contrast, ASVs belonging to the phylum of Proteobacteria and, in particular, to the families of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae at ambient nutrient levels and of Rhodobacteraceae and Bacteriovoracaceae at enhanced nutrient levels were more abundant in turf than canopy habitats. Our results show that primary surfaces from alternative habitats that form mosaics on shallow rocky reefs in oligotrophic areas host distinct microbial communities that are, to some extent, resistant to moderate nutrient enhancement. Understanding the role of EMBs in generating reinforcing feedback under different nutrient loading regimes appears crucial to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the stability of habitats alternative to macroalgal forests as well as their role in regulating reverse shifts.
Three-dimensional-printed patient-specific instrumentation is an accurate tool to reproduce femoral bone tunnels in multiple-ligament knee injuries
Authors: Fernández-Poch Núria , Fillat-Gomà Ferran , Martínez-Carreres Laia , Coderch-Navarro Sergi , Yela-Verdú Christian , Carbó-Cedán Sonia , Pelfort Xavier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Multiple-ligament knee reconstruction techniques often involve the creation of several bone tunnels for various reconstruction grafts. A critical step in this procedure is to avoid short tunnels or convergences among them. Currently, no specific template guide to reproduce these angulations has been reported in the literature, and the success of the technique still depends on the experience of the surgeon. The aim of this study is to analyze the accuracy and reliability of 3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) for lateral and medial anatomical knee reconstructions.

Methods
Ten cadaveric knees were scanned by computed tomography (CT). Using specific computer software, anatomical femoral attachments were identified: (1) on the lateral side the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and the popliteal tendon (PT) and (2) on the medial side the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the posterior oblique ligament (POL). Four bone tunnels were planned for each knee, and PSI with different directions were designed as templates to reproduce the planned tunnels during surgery. Twenty 3D-printed PSI were used: ten were tailored to the medial side for reconstructing MCL and POL tunnels, and the other ten were tailored to the lateral side for reconstructing LCL and PT tunnels. Postoperative CT scans were made for each cadaveric knee. The accuracy of the use of 3D-printed PSI was assessed by superimposing post-operative CT images onto pre-operative images and analyzing the deviation of tunnels performed based on the planning, specifically the entry point and the angular deviations.

Results
The median entry point deviations for the tunnels were as follows: LCL tunnel, 1.88 mm (interquartile range (IQR) 2.2 mm); PT tunnel, 2.93 mm (IQR 1.17 mm); MCL tunnel, 1.93 mm (IQR 4.26 mm); and POL tunnel, 2.16 mm (IQR 2.39). The median angular deviations for the tunnels were as follows: LCL tunnel, 2.42° (IQR 6.49°); PT tunnel, 4.15° (IQR 6.68); MCL tunnel, 4.50° (IQR 6.34°); and POL tunnel, 4.69° (IQR 3.1°). No statistically significant differences were found in either the entry point or the angular deviation among the different bone tunnels.

Conclusion
The use of 3D-printed PSI for lateral and medial anatomical knee reconstructions provides accurate and reproducible results and may be a promising tool for use in clinical practice.
How I manage anemia related to myelofibrosis and its treatment regimens
Authors: Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMyelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by mutations (most frequently in JAK2, CALR, or MPL), burdensome symptoms, splenomegaly, cytopenia, and shortened life expectancy. In addition to other clinical manifestations, patients with MF often develop anemia, which can either be directly related to MF pathogenesis or a result of MF treatment with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib and fedratinib. Although symptoms and clinical manifestations can be similar between the 2 anemia types, only MF-related anemia is prognostic of reduced survival. In this review, I detail treatment and patient management approaches for both types of anemia presentations and provide recommendations for the treatment of MF in the presence of anemia.
Generalized Nijenhuis Torsions and Block-Diagonalization of Operator Fields
Authors: Reyes Daniel , Tempesta Piergiulio , Tondo Giorgio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe theory of generalized Nijenhuis torsions, which extends the classical notions due to Nijenhuis and Haantjes, offers new tools for the study of normal forms of operator fields. We prove a general result ensuring that, given a family of commuting operator fields whose generalized Nijenhuis torsion of levelmvanishes, there exists a local chart where all operators can be simultaneously block-diagonalized. We also introduce the notion of generalized Haantjes algebra, consisting of operators with a vanishing higher-level torsion, as a new algebraic structure naturally generalizing standard Haantjes algebras.
Navigation and dance communication in honeybees: a cognitive perspective
Authors: Menzel Randolf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlying insects like the honeybee experience the world as a metric layout embedded in a compass, the time-compensated sun compass. The focus of the review lies on the properties of the landscape memory as accessible by data from radar tracking and analyses of waggle dance following. The memory formed during exploration and foraging is thought to be composed of multiple elements, the aerial pictures that associate the multitude of sensory inputs with compass directions. Arguments are presented that support retrieval and use of landscape memory not only during navigation but also during waggle dance communication. I argue that bees expect landscape features that they have learned and that are retrieved during dance communication. An intuitive model of the bee’s navigation memory is presented that assumes the picture memories form a network of geographically defined locations, nodes. The intrinsic components of the nodes, particularly their generalization process leads to binding structures, the edges. In my view, the cognitive faculties of landscape memory uncovered by these experiments are best captured by the term cognitive map.