bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balkan Cyberia
Authors: Petrov Victor 
Published: March 2023

How Bulgaria transformed the computer industry behind the Iron Curtain—and the consequences of that transformation for a society that dreamt of a brighter future.
Bulgaria in 1963 was a communist country led by a centralized party trying to navigate a multinational Cold War. The state needed money, and it sought prestige. By cultivating a burgeoning computer industry, Bulgaria achieved both but at great cost to the established order. In Balkan Cyberia, Victor Petrov elevates a deeply researched, local story of ambition into an essential history of global innovation, ideological conflict, and exchange.
Granted tremendous freedom by the Politburo and backed by a concerted state secret intelligence effort, a new, privileged class of technical intellectuals and managers rose to prominence in Bulgaria in the 1960s. Plugged in to transnational business and professional networks, they strove to realize the party's radical dreams of utopian automation, and Bulgaria would come to manufacture up to half of the Eastern Bloc's electronics. Yet, as Petrov shows, the export-oriented nature of the industry also led to the disruption of party rule. Technicians, now thinking with and through computers, began to recast the dominant intellectual discourse within a framework of reform, while technocratic managers translated their newfound political clout into economic power that served them well before and after the revolutions of 1989.
Balkan Cyberia reveals the extension of economic and political networks of influence far past the reputed fall of communism, along with the pivotal role small countries played in geopolitical games at the time. Through the prism of the Bulgarian computer industry, the true nature of the socialist international economy, and indeed the links between capitalism and communism, emerge.
Gradient Expectations
Authors: Downing Keith L. 
Published: March 2023

An insightful investigation into the mechanisms underlying the predictive functions of neural networks—and their ability to chart a new path for AI.
Prediction is a cognitive advantage like few others, inherently linked to our ability to survive and thrive. Our brains are awash in signals that embody prediction. Can we extend this capability more explicitly into synthetic neural networks to improve the function of AI and enhance its place in our world? Gradient Expectations is a bold effort by Keith L. Downing to map the origins and anatomy of natural and artificial neural networks to explore how, when designed as predictive modules, their components might serve as the basis for the simulated evolution of advanced neural network systems.
Downing delves into the known neural architecture of the mammalian brain to illuminate the structure of predictive networks and determine more precisely how the ability to predict might have evolved from more primitive neural circuits. He then surveys past and present computational neural models that leverage predictive mechanisms with biological plausibility, identifying elements, such as gradients, that natural and artificial networks share. Behind well-founded predictions lie gradients, Downing finds, but of a different scope than those that belong to today's deep learning. Digging into the connections between predictions and gradients, and their manifestation in the brain and neural networks, is one compelling example of how Downing enriches both our understanding of such relationships and their role in strengthening AI tools.
Synthesizing critical research in neuroscience, cognitive science, and connectionism, Gradient Expectations offers unique depth and breadth of perspective on predictive neural-network models, including a grasp of predictive neural circuits that enables the integration of computational models of prediction with evolutionary algorithms.
The Phoenix Complex
Authors: Marder Michael 
Published: March 2023

An innovative, wide-ranging consideration of the global ecological crisis and its deep philosophical and theological roots.
Global crises, from melting Arctic ice to ecosystem collapse and the sixth mass extinction, challenge our age-old belief in nature as a phoenix with an infinite ability to regenerate itself from the ashes of destruction. Moving from antiquity to the present and back, Michael Marder provides an integrated examination of philosophies of nature drawn from traditions around the world to illuminate the theological, mythical, and philosophical origins of the contemporary environmental emergency. From there, he probes the contradictions and deadlocks of our current predicament to propose a philosophy of nature for the twenty-first century.
As Marder analyzes our reliance on the image and idea of the phoenix to organize our thoughts about the natural world, he outlines the obstacles in the path of formulating a revitalized philosophy of nature. His critical exposition of the phoenix complex draws on Chinese, Indian, Russian, European, and North African traditions. Throughout, Marder lets the figure of the phoenix guide readers through theories of immortality, intergenerational and interspecies relations, infinity compatible with finitude, resurrection, reincarnation, and a possibility of liberation from cycles of rebirth. His concluding remarks on a phoenix-suffused philosophy of nature and political thought extend from the Roman era to the writings of Hannah Arendt.
Coronavirus fear of contagion and compliance with social distancing measures: evidence for a sample of a Spanish university community
Authors: Cantarero Prieto David , Lanza-León Paloma , Moreno Patricia , Lera Javier , Gonzalez Francisco , González Rodríguez Irene , Blázquez-Fernández Carla 
Published: March 2023

Background
Social distancing measures have been one of the core pillars of the strategy against COVID-19 in all the countries. This study aims at understanding what motivates behaviours and compliance with social distancing measures among students and workers from a Spanish public university.

Methods
We carry out two logistics models considering two different dependent variables: not maintaining social relation with non-cohabiting people and not to leave home except for emergencies (n = 507, sample is formed by students and workers from the University of Cantabria in the North of Spain).

Results
Being very concerned about getting ill suggests higher risk of not maintaining social relation with non-cohabiting people. Getting older increase the probability of not leaving home except for emergencies as happens with those who are very concerned about getting ill. Young people often living with vulnerable older relatives may affect students’ behaviour.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that compliance with social distancing measures depends on several factors related to age, the number or kind of cohabiting people and level of concern about getting ill. Policies should address all these factors through a multidisciplinary perspective.
Effect of Phosphorus Biofertilizers along with Inorganic Fertilizers on Nutrient Content of Maize
Authors: Prathyusha T. , Kumari A. Lalitha , Subbaiah P. Venkata 
Published: February 2023

Aim: To study the response of maize to phosphorus levels and phosphorus biofertilizers.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice.
Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2019.
Methodology: The experimental soil was slightly alkaline in reaction (7.63), medium in organic carbon (0.6 %), medium in available nitrogen (354 kg ha-1), high in available phosphorus (55.32 kg ha-1) and available potassium (402 kg ha-1).The treatments comprised of T1- Control ( without P ), T2 - 100% Recommended Dose of Phosphorus (RDP), T3 - 100% RDP + PSB @ 1 L ha-1, T4 - 100% RDP + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1, T5 - 75% RDP + PSB @ 1 L ha-1, T6 -75% RDP + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1, T7 – PSB @ 1 L ha-1, T8 –VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1, T9 - PSB @ 1 L ha-1 + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1. The plant samples were analysed for N, P, K, S and micronutrients by the following standard methods.
Results: The results of the experiment indicated that P, S and Zn were significantly influenced by the imposed treatments whereas N, K, Fe, Mn and Cu were not significantly influenced. The highest nutrient content was recorded in the treatment with the application of 100% RDP + VAM@ 12.5 kg ha-1 (T4).
Conclusion: The combined application (inorganic fertilizer + biofertilizer) proved significantly superior over control and biofertilizers alone in improving the nutrient content in maize.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: March 2023

The usual business was conducted at the Anniversary meeting, including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included: A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s Roll Brief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous yearA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA note on the Rhind Lectureship from the previous sessionThe Treasurer presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances

Meeting notes for 10 December, 1917 are appended.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: March 2023

The usual business of the meeting was conducted including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included:A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s RollBrief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous yearA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA report on the Society’s excavations in ScotlandA note on the Rhind Lectures and the Chalmers-Jervise PrizeTreasurer then presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances.

Meeting notes for 12 December, 1932 are appended.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: March 2023

The usual business of the meeting was conducted including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included:A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s RollBrief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous yearA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA report on the Society’s excavations in ScotlandA note on the Rhind Lectures and the Chalmers-Jervise PrizeTreasurer then presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances.

Meeting notes for 11 December, 1933 are appended.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: March 2023

The usual business of the meeting was conducted including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included:A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s RollBrief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous yearA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA note on the Rhind Lectures and the Chalmers-Jervise PrizeTreasurer then presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances.

Meeting notes for 10 December, 1934 are appended.
Unrecorded Berwickshire antiquities
Authors: Kinghorn Robert 
Published: March 2023

1. Siccar Point Fort
2. Corn Fort, Hareness Point
3. Lamberton Shiels Fort
4. Hareheugh Craigs Fort
5. Haly Jo Fort
6. Pettico Wick Fort
7. Brander Heugh Fort
8. Greenlaw Rock
9. Camp Field Fort
10. Homestead, Pilmuir, Lauder
11. Black Dyke, with Pitted Trench, Lamberton Moor
12. Cultivation Terraces, Chester Hill, Ayton Parish
13. Small Cairns, Wheelburn Law
Recent Revisions to Chapter 13 for the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, 2023
Authors: Underhill James G , Kraemer Diana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The sixth edition (2023) of the AMA Guides® to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) adopted the terminology and conceptual framework of disablement as put forward by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. The sixth edition focuses on diagnosis-based impairments (6th ed, 2). In the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition (2008), Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, had significant rating-process discrepancies with other chapters. This article identifies the discrepancies and explains the revisions made to Chapter 13 and its new title of “The Nervous System,” so that it is congruent with other chapters in the AMA Guides.
Association of Evaluation and Management Payment Policy Changes With Medicare Payment to Physicians by Specialty
Authors: Neprash Hannah T. , Golberstein Ezra , Ganguli Ishani , Chernew Michael E. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceUS primary care physicians (PCPs) have lower mean incomes than specialists, likely contributing to workforce shortages. In 2021, the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services increased payment for evaluation and management (E/M) services and relaxed documentation requirements. These changes may have reduced the gap between primary care and specialist payment.ObjectivesTo simulate the effect of the E/M payment policy change on total Medicare physician payments while holding volume constant and to compare these simulated changes with observed changes in total Medicare payments and E/M coding intensity, before (July-December 2020) and after (July-December 2021) the E/M payment policy change.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective observational study of US office-based physicians who were in specialties with 5000 or more physicians billing Medicare and who had 50 or more fee-for-service Medicare visits before and after the E/M payment policy change.ExposuresE/M payment policy changes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included physician-level simulated volume-constant payment change, total observed Medicare payment change, and share of high-intensity (ie, level 4 or 5) E/M visits before and after the E/M payment policy change. For each specialty, the median change in each outcome was reported. The payment gap between primary care and specialty physicians was calculated as the difference between total Medicare payments to the median primary care and median specialty physician.ResultsThe study population included 180 624 physicians. Repricing 2020 services yielded a simulated volume-constant payment change ranging from a 3.3% (−$4557.0) decrease for the median radiologist to an 11.0% ($3683.1) increase for the median family practice physician. After the E/M payment change, the median high-intensity share of E/M visits increased for physicians of nearly all specialties, ranging from a −4.4 percentage point increase (dermatology) to a 17.8 percentage point increase (psychiatry). The median change in total Medicare payments by specialty ranged from −4.2% (−$1782.9) for general surgery to 12.1% ($3746.9) for family practice. From July-December 2020 to July-December 2021, the payment gap between the median primary care physician and the median specialist shrank by $825.1, from $40 259.8 to $39 434.7 (primary care, $41 193.3 in July-December 2020 and $45 962.4 in July-December 2021; specialist, $81 453.1 in July-December 2020 and $85 397.1 in July-December 2021)—a relative decrease of 2.0%.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong US office-based physicians receiving Medicare payments in 2020 and 2021, E/M payment policy changes were associated with changes in Medicare payment by specialty, although the payment gap between primary care physicians and specialists decreased only modestly. The findings may have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, and further research in subsequent years is needed.
Assessment of Sex Disparities in Nonacceptance of Statin Therapy and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Among Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Brown C. Justin , Chang Lee-Shing , Hosomura Naoshi , Malmasi Shervin , Morrison Fritha , Shubina Maria , Lan Zhou , Turchin Alexander 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceMany patients at high cardiovascular risk—women more commonly than men—are not receiving statins. Anecdotally, it is common for patients to not accept statin therapy recommendations by their clinicians. However, population-based data on nonacceptance of statin therapy by patients are lacking.ObjectivesTo evaluate sex disparities in nonacceptance of statin therapy and assess their association with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol control.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022, of statin-naive patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or LDL cholesterol levels of 190 mg/dL (to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259) or more who were treated at Mass General Brigham between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2018.ExposureRecommendation of statin therapy by the patient’s clinician, ascertained from the combination of electronic health record prescription data and natural language processing of electronic clinician notes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTime to achieve an LDL cholesterol level of less than 100 mg/dL.ResultsOf 24 212 study patients (mean [SD] age, 58.8 [13.0] years; 12 294 women [50.8%]), 5308 (21.9%) did not accept the initial recommendation of statin therapy. Nonacceptance of statin therapy was more common among women than men (24.1% [2957 of 12 294] vs 19.7% [2351 of 11 918]; P &amp;lt; .001) and was similarly higher in every subgroup in the analysis stratified by comorbidities. In multivariable analysis, female sex was associated with lower odds of statin therapy acceptance (0.82 [95% CI, 0.78-0.88]). Patients who did vs did not accept a statin therapy recommendation achieved an LDL cholesterol level of less than 100 mg/dL over a median of 1.5 years (IQR, 0.4-5.5 years) vs 4.4 years (IQR, 1.3-11.1 years) (P &amp;lt; .001). In a multivariable analysis adjusted for demographic characteristics and comorbidities, nonacceptance of statin therapy was associated with a longer time to achieve an LDL cholesterol level of less than 100 mg/dL (hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.55-0.60]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study suggests that nonacceptance of a statin therapy recommendation was common among patients at high cardiovascular risk and was particularly common among women. It was associated with significantly higher LDL cholesterol levels, potentially increasing the risk for cardiovascular events. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for nonacceptance of statin therapy by patients and to develop methods to ensure that all patients receive optimal therapy in accordance with their preferences and priorities.
Corneal nerve loss predicts dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Ponirakis Georgios , Al Hamad Hanadi , Omar Dunya A. M. , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Khan Adnan , Gad Hoda , Chandran Mani , Gadelseed Masharig , Elsotouhy Ahmed , Ramadan Marwan , Gawhale Priya V. , Elorrabi Marwa , Tosino Rhia , Mahfoud Ziyad R. , Khan Shafi , Manikoth Pravija , Abdelrahim Yasmin H. M. , Refaee Mahmoud A. , Thodi Noushad , Own Ahmed , Shuaib Ashfaq , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study compared the utility of corneal nerve measures with brain volumetry for predicting progression to dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsParticipants with no cognitive impairment (NCI) and MCI underwent assessment of cognitive function, brain volumetry of thirteen brain structures, including the hippocampus and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Participants with MCI were followed up in the clinic to identify progression to dementia.ResultsOf 107 participants with MCI aged 68.4 ± 7.7 years, 33 (30.8%) progressed to dementia over 2.6‐years of follow‐up. Compared to participants with NCI (n = 12), participants who remained with MCI (n = 74) or progressed to dementia had lower corneal nerve measures (p < 0.0001). Progressors had lower corneal nerve measures, hippocampal, and whole brain volume (all p < 0.0001). However, CCM had a higher prognostic accuracy (72%–75% vs 68%–69%) for identifying individuals who progressed to dementia compared to hippocampus and whole brain volume. The adjusted odds ratio for progression to dementia was 6.1 (95% CI: 1.6–23.8) and 4.1 (95% CI: 1.2–14.2) higher with abnormal CCM measures, but was not significant for abnormal brain volume.InterpretationAbnormal CCM measures have a higher prognostic accuracy than brain volumetry for predicting progression from MCI to dementia. Further work is required to validate the predictive ability of CCM compared to other established biomarkers of dementia.
Adhesive Hydrogel Patch‐Mediated Combination Drug Therapy Induces Regenerative Wound Healing through Reconstruction of Regenerative Microenvironment
Authors: Lee Soung‐Hoon , An Soohwan , Ryu Yeong Chan , Seo Seol Hwa , Park Sohyun , Lee Mi Jeong , Cho Seung‐Woo , Choi Kang‐Yell 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegenerative wound healing involves the scarless wound healing as observed in fetal skin. Multiple features of regenerative wound healing have been well studied; however, the practical application of pro‐regenerative materials to recapitulate the regenerative wound healing in adult skins has not yet been achieved. In this study, the authors identified that their novel pro‐regenerative material, pyrogallol‐functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA‐PG) patches in combination with protein transduction domain‐fused Dishevelled (Dvl)‐binding motif (PTD‐DBM), a peptide inhibiting the CXXC‐type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5)‐Dvl interaction, promoted regenerative wound healing in mice. The HA‐PG patches loaded with this competitor peptide and valproic acid (VPA), a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitor, significantly inhibited scar formation during wound healing. The HA‐PG patches with PTD‐DBM and/or VPA inhibit the expression of differentiated cell markers such as α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) while inducing the expression of stem cell markers such as CD105 and Nestin. Moreover, Collagen III, an important factor for regenerative healing, is critically induced by the HA‐PG patches with PTD‐DBM and/or VPA, as also seen in VPA‐treated Cxxc5−/− mouse fibroblasts. Overall, these findings suggest that the novel regeneration‐promoting material can be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent to promote both wound healing and scar attenuation.