bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P53 status, and G2/M cell cycle arrest, are determining factors in cell-death induction mediated by ELF-EMF in glioblastoma
Authors: Mehdizadeh Romina , Madjid Ansari Alireza , Forouzesh Flora , Shahriari Fatemeh , Shariatpanahi Seyed Peyman , Salaritabar Ali , Javidi Mohammad Amin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe average survival of patients with glioblastoma is 12–15 months. Therefore, finding a new treatment method is important, especially in cases that show resistance to treatment. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have characteristics and capabilities that can be proposed as a new cancer treatment method with low side effects. This research examines the antitumor effect of ELF-EMF on U87 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines. Flowcytometry determined the viability/apoptosis and distribution of cells in different phases of the cell cycle. The size of cells was assessed by TEM. Important cell cycle regulation genes mRNA expression levels were investigated by real-time PCR. ELF-EMF induced apoptosis in U87cells much more than U251 (15% against 2.43%) and increased G2/M cell population in U87 (2.56%, p value < 0.05), and S phase in U251 (2.4%) (data are normalized to their sham exposure). The size of U87 cells increased significantly after ELF-EMF exposure (overexpressing P53 in U251 cells increased the apoptosis induction by ELF-EMF). The expression level of P53, P21, and MDM2 increased and CCNB1 decreased in U87. Among the studied genes, MCM6 expression decreased in U251. Increasing expression of P53, P21 and decreasing CCNB1, induction of cell G2/M cycle arrest, and consequently increase in the cell size can be suggested as one of the main mechanisms of apoptosis induction by ELF-EMF; furthermore, our results demonstrate the possible footprint of P53 in the apoptosis induction by ELF-EMF, as U87 carry the wild type of P53 and U251 has the mutated form of this gene.
In vitro study on the preventive effect of children’s toothpastes on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin
Authors: Chalkidis Jennifer , Barke Sarah , Rohland Bianca , Schmidt Alexandra , Kanzow Philipp , Wiegand Annette 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis in vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of various children’s toothpastes on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin. Enamel and dentin specimens (n = 12) were cyclically eroded (6 × 60 s/d, citric acid, pH 2.4) and brushed (2 × 15 s/d, 2 N) over 5 days. Nine fluoride toothpastes (500 to 1450 ppm) and eight toothpastes containing no fluoride or other active ingredients (hydroxyapatite and/or xylitol) were tested. Unbrushed specimens served as control. Tissue loss was quantified using widefield confocal microscopy and statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVAs followed by Scheffe’s (enamel) or Tamhane’s (dentin) post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Only one fluoride toothpaste (1400 ppm) was able to reduce erosive wear of enamel significantly by 15% compared to the control (padj. = 0.002). All fluoridated toothpastes reduced dentin surface loss significantly by 32 to 69% compared to the control (padj. ≤ 0.001), while fluoride-free toothpastes were unable to reduce dentin loss significantly (padj. ≥ 0.971). Most fluoridated toothpastes caused less erosive wear compared to fluoride-free toothpastes. Children toothpastes containing fluoride were more effective in reducing erosive wear compared to toothpastes containing no fluoride or other active ingredients.
Development and validation of a prediction model to assess the probability of tuberculous pleural effusion in patients with unexplained pleural effusion
Authors: Lei Xiaoli , Wang Junli , Yang Zhigang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifferentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) from non-tuberculosis pleural effusion remains a challenge in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and externally validate a novel prediction model using the peripheral blood tuberculous infection of T cells spot test (T-SPOT.TB) to assess the probability of TPE in patients with unexplained pleural effusion. Patients with pleural effusion and confirmed etiology were included in this study. A retrospective derivation population was used to develop and internally validate the predictive model. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory features were collected, and important predictors were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The prediction model, presented as a web calculator, was developed using multivariable logistic regression. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated for discrimination and calibration and verified in an independent validation population. The developed prediction model included age, positive T-SPOT.TB result, logarithm of the ratio of mononuclear cells to multiple nuclear cells in pleural effusion (lnRMMPE), and adenosine deaminase in pleural effusion ≥ 40 U/L. The model demonstrated good discrimination [with area under the curve of 0.837 and 0.903, respectively] and calibration (with a Brier score of 0.159 and 0.119, respectively) in both the derivation population and the validation population. Using a cutoff value of 60%, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying TPE were 70% and 88%, respectively, in the derivation population, and 77% and 92%, respectively, in the validation population. A novel predictive model based on T-SPOT.TB was developed and externally validated, demonstrating good diagnostic performance in identifying TPE.
The proline effect and the tryptophan immonium ion assist in de novo sequencing of adipokinetic hormones
Authors: König Simone , Marco Heather G. , Gäde Gerd 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdipokinetic hormones (AKHs) in Arthopoda are characterized by special sequence features including limited choices of amino acid residues in certain positions, such as Trp in position 8. Over 100 different AKHs have been described, but de novo sequencing of novel peptide hormones can be a challenge. In a project of analyzing corpora cardiaca extracts from two fly species, two different moths, a termite and a beetle for their AKHs, we noted specific patterns in the fragmentation spectra of octapeptides in electrospray Q-TOF experiments resulting from the presence of Pro in position 6. The preference for cleavage N-terminal to Pro residues created an abundant y3″-ion, which, in conjunction with the two b-ions resulting from the fragmentation before and after Pro, provided a marker pattern. As Pro6 occurs in about 61% of known AKHs, this information is highly relevant for sequence elucidation. Moreover, the default presence of Trp8 allowed the use of its immonium ion for AKH candidate identification. In addition, we assembled the known AKH sequences from the literature and sequences of AKH-type format found in the Uniprot database in a single online resource. These efforts assisted in the analysis workflow and led to the assignment of two novel AKHs and evidence for the presence of Melme-CC and Dorpa-AKH in the corpus cardiacum of the scarab beetle Sinodendron cylindricum.
Observational evidence of legacy effects of the 2018 drought on a mixed deciduous forest in Germany
Authors: Pohl Felix , Werban Ulrike , Kumar Rohini , Hildebrandt Anke , Rebmann Corinna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractForests play a major role in the global carbon cycle, and droughts have been shown to explain much of the interannual variability in the terrestrial carbon sink capacity. The quantification of drought legacy effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes is a challenging task, and research on the ecosystem scale remains sparse. In this study we investigate the delayed response of an extreme drought event on the carbon cycle in the mixed deciduous forest site ’Hohes Holz’ (DE-HoH) located in Central Germany, using the measurements taken between 2015 and 2020. Our analysis demonstrates that the extreme drought and heat event in 2018 had strong legacy effects on the carbon cycle in 2019, but not in 2020. On an annual basis, net ecosystem productivity was $$\sim 16\,\%$$

∼
16

%

higher in 2018 ($$\sim 424\,{\hbox {g}_{\text {C}}}\hbox {m}^{-2}$$

∼
424

g
C

m

-
2

) and $$\sim 25\,\%$$

∼
25

%

lower in 2019 ($$\sim 274\,{\hbox {g}_{\text {C}}}\hbox {m}^{-2}$$

∼
274

g
C

m

-
2

) compared to pre-drought years ($$\sim 367\,{\hbox {g}_{\text {C}}}\hbox {m}^{-2}$$

∼
367

g
C

m

-
2

). Using spline regression, we show that while current hydrometeorological conditions can explain forest productivity in 2020, they do not fully explain the decrease in productivity in 2019. Including long-term drought information in the statistical model reduces overestimation error of productivity in 2019 by nearly $$50\,\%$$

50

%

. We also found that short-term drought events have positive impacts on the carbon cycle at the beginning of the vegetation season, but negative impacts in later summer, while long-term drought events have generally negative impacts throughout the growing season. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering the diverse and complex impacts of extreme events on ecosystem fluxes, including the timing, temporal scale, and magnitude of the events, and the need to use consistent definitions of drought to clearly convey immediate and delayed responses.
Sunflower seed cake as a source of nutrients in gluten-free bread
Authors: Blicharz-Kania Agata , Pecyna Anna , Zdybel Beata , Andrejko Dariusz , Marczuk Andrzej 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn increase in the demand for cold-pressed vegetable oils can be observed, e.g. from sunflower. The press cake formed during sunflower oil production can also be an important source of protein, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. The aim of the study was to examine the quality of gluten-free breads fortified with sunflower seed cake. The fortified products were characterized by lower moisture content (49.35–48.87%). The bake loss parameter decreased after the use of the highest 15% dose of the sunflower cake. The addition of the sunflower cake caused an increase in the content of nutrients, compared to the control sample: protein (7.44–9.69%d.b.), fat (3.41–10.72%d.b.), crude fiber (1.23–2.34%d.b.), polyphenols (89.3–222.3 mg·100 gd.b.−1), and soluble sugars (2.42–2.73%d.b.). The gluten-free breads with the sunflower seed cake exhibited lower hardness, springiness, and chewiness but higher cohesiveness. The use of the additive contributed to the darkening of the gluten-free bread crumb. The appearance, consistency, aroma, and palatability of the sunflower cake-fortified gluten-free bread were found to be much more attractive than the parameters of the unmodified bread. The conducted research has shown that, thanks to sunflower cake addition, it is possible to obtain a highly nutritious product with desirable sensory quality.
Tunable interplay between exchange coupling and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial CoO/Au/Fe trilayers
Authors: Nayyef H. , Świerkosz E. , Janus W. , Klimeczek A. , Szpytma M. , Zając M. , Dróżdż P. , Kozioł-Rachwał A. , Ślęzak T. , Ślęzak M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe show that the interaction between ferromagnetic Fe(110) and antiferromagnetic CoO(111) sublayers can be mediated and precisely tuned by a nonmagnetic Au spacer. Our results prove that the thickness of the Fe and Au layers can be chosen to modify the effective anisotropy of the Fe layer and the strength of the exchange bias interaction between Fe and CoO sublayers. Well-defined and tailorable magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnet above Néel temperature of the antiferromagnet is a determining factor that governs exchange bias and interfacial CoO spins orientation at low temperatures. In particular, depending on the room temperature magnetic state of Fe, the low-temperature exchange bias in a zero-field cooled system can be turned “off” or “on”. The other way around, we show that exchange bias can be the dominating magnetic anisotropy source for the ferromagnet and it is feasible to induce a 90-degree rotation of the easy axis as compared to the initial, exchange bias-free easy axis orientation.
An implementation of integrated information theory in resting-state fMRI
Authors: Nemirovsky Idan E. , Popiel Nicholas J. M. , Rudas Jorge , Caius Matthew , Naci Lorina , Schiff Nicholas D. , Owen Adrian M. , Soddu Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntegrated Information Theory was developed to explain and quantify consciousness, arguing that conscious systems consist of elements that are integrated through their causal properties. This study presents an implementation of Integrated Information Theory 3.0, the latest version of this framework, to functional MRI data. Data were acquired from 17 healthy subjects who underwent sedation with propofol, a short-acting anaesthetic. Using the PyPhi software package, we systematically analyze how Φmax, a measure of integrated information, is modulated by the sedative in different resting-state networks. We compare Φmaxto other proposed measures of conscious level, including the previous version of integrated information, Granger causality, and correlation-based functional connectivity. Our results indicate that Φmaxpresents a variety of sedative-induced behaviours for different networks. Notably, changes to Φmaxclosely reflect changes to subjects’ conscious level in the frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks, which are responsible for higher-order cognitive functions. In conclusion, our findings present important insight into different measures of conscious level that will be useful in future implementations to functional MRI and other forms of neuroimaging.
Molecular mechanism of ensitrelvir inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 main protease and its variants
Authors: Lin Mengmeng , Zeng Xudong , Duan Yinkai , Yang Zinan , Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Haitao , Yang Xiuna , Liu Xiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 poses an unprecedented threat to the world as the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among a handful of therapeutics developed for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensitrelvir is the first noncovalent and nonpeptide oral inhibitor targeting the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, which recently received emergency regulatory approval in Japan. Here we determined a 1.8-Å structure of Mpro in complex with ensitrelvir, which revealed that ensitrelvir targets the substrate-binding pocket of Mpro, specifically recognizing its S1, S2, and S1' subsites. Further, our comprehensive biochemical and structural data have demonstrated that even though ensitrelvir and nirmatrelvir (an FDA-approved drug) belong to different types of Mpro inhibitors, both of them remain to be effective against Mpros from all five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, suggesting Mpro is a bona fide broad-spectrum target. The molecular mechanisms uncovered in this study provide basis for future inhibitor design.
Machine learning of atomic dynamics and statistical surface identities in gold nanoparticles
Authors: Rapetti Daniele , Delle Piane Massimo , Cioni Matteo , Polino Daniela , Ferrando Riccardo , Pavan Giovanni M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is known that metal nanoparticles (NPs) may be dynamic and atoms may move within them even at fairly low temperatures. Characterizing such complex dynamics is key for understanding NPs’ properties in realistic regimes, but detailed information on, e.g., the stability, survival, and interconversion rates of the atomic environments (AEs) populating them are non-trivial to attain. In this study, we decode the intricate atomic dynamics of metal NPs by using a machine learning approach analyzing high-dimensional data obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Using different-shape gold NPs as a representative example, an AEs’ dictionary allows us to label step-by-step the individual atoms in the NPs, identifying the native and non-native AEs and populating them along the MD simulations at various temperatures. By tracking the emergence, annihilation, lifetime, and dynamic interconversion of the AEs, our approach permits estimating a “statistical equivalent identity” for metal NPs, providing a comprehensive picture of the intrinsic atomic dynamics that shape their properties.
Integrated spatio‐temporal process monitoring and fault spatial location for the laminar cooling of hot‐rolled strip steel
Authors: Wang Qiang , Peng Kaixiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLaminar cooling process is crucial for the production and the quality of the strip steel in the hot‐rolled strip steel. Abnormalities or faults influence the temperature distributions in the direction of the length and the thickness, which determine the mechanical and physical performance of the strip steel. Considering that the spatial distribution of the strip temperature is hardly measured, the distributed parameter model can be constructed to deal with the problem of the abnormality detection and location. In this paper, a process monitoring and fault spatial location method with spatio‐temporal integration is proposed for the laminar cooling. First, a spatio‐temporal model is constructed by multi‐modelling method to monitor the spatial distribution of the strip temperature, and the dimension of the local thermodynamic model is reduced by time‐space separation. Then, a residual generator is provided for fault detection in the data‐driven realization, and the statistic and the threshold are formed to evaluate it. Next, the spatial location of the fault can be identified by reconstruction based contribution method. Finally, an experiment is conducted to demonstrate the practical application effects by a real laminar cooling process data.
Enhancing human parsing with region‐level learning
Authors: Zhou Yanghong , Mok P. Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman parsing is very important in a diverse range of industrial applications. Despite the considerable progress that has been achieved, the performance of existing methods is still less than satisfactory, since these methods learn the shared features of various parsing labels at the image level. This limits the representativeness of the learnt features, especially when the distribution of parsing labels is imbalanced or the scale of different labels is substantially different. To address this limitation, a Region‐level Parsing Refiner (RPR) is proposed to enhance parsing performance by the introduction of region‐level parsing learning. Region‐level parsing focuses specifically on small regions of the body, for example, the head. The proposed RPR is an adaptive module that can be integrated with different existing human parsing models to improve their performance. Extensive experiments are conducted on two benchmark datasets, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of our RPR model in terms of improving the overall parsing performance as well as parsing rare labels. This method was successfully applied to a commercial application for the extraction of human body measurements and has been used in various online shopping platforms for clothing size recommendations. The code and dataset are released at this link https://github.com/applezhouyp/PRP.
What long-period comets tell us about the Oort Cloud
Authors: Fouchard Marc , Higuchi Arika , Ito Takashi 
Published: July 2023

Context. The Oort Cloud is located in the farthest outskirts of the Solar System, extending to a heliocentric distance of several tens of thousands of au, and remains the last region of the Solar System where no object has been detected. Thus, all our knowledge of the Oort Cloud has been deduced from the observed long-period comets that are thought to originate from it.
Aims. We aimed to retrieve valuable information that might be hidden in the orbital distributions of the observed long-period comets. Such information will allow us to impose constraints not only on the present shape of the Oort Cloud but also on its initial shape 4.5 Gyr ago. This has direct implications for the scenario proposed for its formation.
Methods. We used two different databases of long-period comets. First, we calculated the distribution of orbital elements that might carry valuable information about the shape of the Oort Cloud. Then, we compared the distribution with that obtained from two synthetic samples of observable comets. These samples correspond to two considerably different initial configurations: one is a disk model, where we consider a swarm of comets with orbits aligned to the ecliptic plane and with a cometary perihelion close to the giant planets. The other is an isotropic model, where we consider a fully isotropic and thermalized initial distribution of comets.
Results. The comparison revealed that the databases contained several features that were in better agreement with the disk model than with the isotropic model. The Oort Cloud contained an initial disk of objects with perihelia close to the planetary region of the Solar System and aphelia extending out to roughly 20 000 au. Some parts of this disk likely remain in the present Solar System. However, the fit to the disk model is poor. The discrepancy between the observational and synthetic results indicates that some dynamical processes in the current Oort Cloud were not included in either model.
Conclusions. This initial shape of the Oort Cloud implies that planetary scattering was crucial during its formation. In addition, the fact that some dynamical features are still detec table 4.5 Gyr after the cloud formation imposes constraints on the role of exosolar effects, such as giant molecular clouds, Galactic tides, and the stellar cluster surrounding the Solar System at the time of its formation.
The Role of Indocyanine Green in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Surgery: Systematic Review
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Camps Juan , Hernandez Oliveros Francisco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) is actually considered as a very useful tool in decision-making strategy during challenging surgical procedures with a growing evidence in the literature. Our aim is to perform a systematic review focusing on ICG applications in gastrointestinal surgery. We conducted a systematic review with narrative synthesis in conformity with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases to identify articles describing the gastrointestinal perioperative use of ICG in children. We extracted data on study design, demographics, surgical indications, ICG dose, and perioperative outcomes. Eleven articles, including 94 pediatric patients, from 2013 to 2022 met the inclusion criteria for narrative synthesis in our systematic review, of which 6/11 (54.5%) were case reports, 4/11 (36.4%) were retrospective studies, and 1/11 (0.1%) were case series. Current clinical applications of ICG in gastrointestinal pediatric surgery included: esophagogastric surgery in 4/11 articles (36.4%), intestinal and pancreatic surgery in 3/11 articles (27.2%), and colorectal surgery in 4/11 articles (36.4%). ICG fluorescence in gastrointestinal pediatric surgery is a promising and safe technology that facilitates intraoperative localization of anatomical structures to achieve a more precise dissection and avoid injury to other adjacent tissues. It can be considered as a meaningful tool for assessing intestinal viability, as it provides objective data on tissue perfusion, and can impact the intraoperative decision in reconstructive surgeries requiring anastomosis. Future studies are needed to confirm these initial promising results. The lack of comparative and prospective studies is still the main limitation.