bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological changes in the myocardium of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication after treatment with new GABAand glutamic acid derivatives
Authors: Nesterova A. A. , Prokofiev I. I. , Perfilova V. N. , Evsyukov O. Yu. , Kustova M. V. , Tyurenkov I. N. 
Published: April 2023

Aim. To study pathohistological changes in the myocardium of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) after treatment with a new glutamic acid derivative glufimet (compound RSPU-238) and a new gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative (compound RSPU-260).Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on female Wistar rats aged 10 months. The rats were divided into the following groups: group 1 – intact females; group 2 – a control group which included animals after CAI simulated by replacing drinking water with 10% ethanol solution for 24 weeks; groups 3 and 4 – experimental groups, in which females were intraperitoneally administered with glufimet at a dose of 28.7 mg / kg and RSPU260 at a dose of 25 mg / kg once a day for 14 days after cessation of alcohol solution consumption; group 5 – a group of animals receiving a reference listed drug mildronate at a dose of 50 mg / kg according to a regimen similar to that of the studied compounds. Changes in microstructural and morphometric parameters of the left ventricular myocardium were assessed using light microscopy.Results. In animals after CAI, the cardiomyocyte volume fraction decreased, while the interstitial and vascular volume fractions increased. Degeneration of cardiomyocytes, such as their wave-like deformation, loss of transverse striation, foci of plasmolysis, and fragmentation of muscle fibers were revealed. In rats treated with glufimet, the structural changes in cardiomyocytes were minimal. Lower vascular plethora was observed; blood vessels were characterized by single stasis and sludge. The cardiomyocyte volume fraction was 9.7% greater than in control animals, while the interstitial and vascular volume fractions were 66.0 and 70.0% smaller, respectively. The animals treated with the RSPU-260 compound had no significant degenerative changes in cardiomyocytes and small vessels similar to the experimental animals injected with glufimet. Mildronate had a less pronounced cardioprotective effect.Conclusion. Administration of new GABA and glutamic acid derivatives to animals with simulated chronic alcohol intoxication leads to improvement of the microstructure in cardiomyocytes compared with control rats. This indicates pronounced cardioprotective effects of the studied neuroactive amino acid derivatives.
Subpopulations of B lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer depending on the PD-L1 status
Authors: Tashireva L. A. , Kalinchuk A. Yu. , Gerashchenko T. S. , Savelyeva O. E. , Perelmuter V. M. 
Published: April 2023

Aim. To study the association between the functional potency and degree of maturity of B lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer patients.Materials and methods. The study included 37 patients with the morphologically verified diagnosis of invasive breast cancer of no special type (IBC NST). The PD-L1 status was determined immunohistochemically using the Ventana SP142 assay (Roche, USA). Using the multiplex flow cytometry-based assay and high-throughput sequencing of the tumor microenvironment, subpopulations of B lymphocytes and their CD27 and PD1 expression profiles were determined, taking into account the PD-L1 status.Results. In the tumor microenvironment, regardless of the PD-L1 status, expression signatures of five lymphocyte subpopulations were determined. However, in PD-L1-positive patients, the levels of B lymphocytes and immunoglobulin class-switched B lymphocytes were higher compared with PD-L1-negative patients. Evaluation of the number of different B lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry showed that PD-1-positive B lymphocytes predominated in the tumor microenvironment in PD-L1-positive patients, regardless of the degree of lymphocyte maturity.Conclusion. The results of the study showed predominance of mature committed B lymphocytes and memory B lymphocytes capable of synthesizing immunoglobulins of different classes and Th2 cytokines involved in type 2 immune response in PD-L-positive tumor microenvironment. It suggests that immunotherapy with PD-L1 inhibitors is highly likely to activate cells with protumor potential and can ultimately contribute to breast cancer progression.
10-year stability of magnetite nanopowder prepared by the exploding wire method: is it a useful feature for environment safety and biomedical applications?
Authors: Khlusov I. A. , Omelyanchik A. S. , Rodionova V. V. , Shupletsova V. V. , Khaziakhmatova O. G. , Yurova K. A. , Litvinova L. S. , Norkin I. K. 
Published: April 2023

Aim. To analyze the structural, magnetic, and cytotoxic features of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) prepared by the exploding wire method and stored in a dark place at ambient temperature (65 ± 15% humidity, air pressure 760± 20 mm Hg., temperature 22 ± 4 °C) for 10 years.Materials and methods. The properties of MNPs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). Viability of human blood mononuclear leukocytes was determined using 0.4% trypan blue staining after 24-hour culture with the nanopowder.Results. The calculated size of the particles remained almost unchanged after 10 years of storage. The XRD and SAED patterns showed that crystallinity was preserved for 10 years. The diameter of the crystalline component of MNPs (DXRD) was close to the particle size determined by TEM. It confirms high crystallinity of the tested nanoparticles. Saturation magnetization (MS) of the MNP powder after 10 years of storage was unexpectedly higher than that of the as-prepared MNP powder. Reduced remanent magnetization (MR / MS) was equal for both samples within the margin of error. No cytotoxic effect of MNPs in vitro was detected in the long-term study.Conclusion. No dramatic changes in the structural, magnetic, and cytotoxic features of MNPs were noted after 10 years of storage. It indicated 10-year stability of MNP powder that may be a useful feature for environment safety and biomedical applications.
Prehabilitation for frail patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement: protocol for the Joint PREP feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Khalid Tanzeela , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Bertram Wendy , Culliford Lucy , England Clare , Henderson Emily , Jameson Catherine , Jepson Marcus , Palmer Shea , Whitehouse Michael , Wylde Vikki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Approximately 8% of community-based adults aged ≥50 years in England are frail. Frailty has been found to be associated with poorer outcomes after joint replacement. Targeting frailty pre-operatively via protein supplementation and exercise has the potential to improve outcomes for people undergoing joint replacement. Prior to proceeding with a randomised controlled trial (RCT), a feasibility study is necessary to address key uncertainties and explore how to optimise trial design and delivery.
Methods
The Joint PRehabilitation with Exercise and Protein (Joint PREP) study is a feasibility study for a multicentre, two-arm, parallel group, pragmatic, RCT to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of prehabilitation for frail patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement. Sixty people who are ≥65 years of age, frail according to the self-reported Groningen Frailty Indicator and scheduled to undergo total hip or knee replacement at 2-3 hospitals in England and Wales will be recruited and randomly allocated on a 1:1 ratio to the intervention or usual care group. The usual care group will receive the standard care at their hospital. The intervention group will be given a daily protein supplement and will be asked to follow a home-based, tailored daily exercise programme for 12 weeks before their operation, in addition to usual care. Participants will be supported through six follow-up calls from a physiotherapist during the 12-week intervention period. Study questionnaires will be administered at baseline and 12 weeks after randomisation. Embedded qualitative research with patients will explore their experiences of participating, reasons for non-participation and/or reasons for withdrawal or treatment discontinuation. Primary feasibility outcomes will be eligibility and recruitment rates, adherence to the intervention, and acceptability of the trial and the intervention.
Discussion
This study will generate important data regarding the feasibility of a RCT to evaluate a prehabilitation intervention for frail patients undergoing total hip and knee replacement. A future phase-3 RCT will determine if pre-operative nutrition and exercise improves the recovery of frail patients after primary joint replacement.
Trial registration: ISRCTN11121506, registered 29/09/2022
Anthropogenic activities mediate stratification and stability of microbial communities in freshwater sediments
Authors: Zhou Xiaotian , Lennon Jay , Lu Xiang , Ruan Aidong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
As important decomposers on Earth, freshwater sediment microbes play a key role in regulating biogeochemical cycles and controlling greenhouse gas emissions. They often exhibit a highly ordered structure along depth profile. Besides redox effect, sediment stratification could also reflect historical transition. Recently, the Anthropocene as a candidate geological epoch has attracted great concern. Lake sediment is a typical environment for hosting traces that mark the anthropogenic pressure rise in the mid-20th century. However, little is known about the human impact on sediment zonation under cover of natural redox niches. Dam construction is one of the most far-reaching anthropogenic modifications of aquatic ecosystems. Here we attempted to identify the ecological imprint of damming on freshwater sediment microbiome.
Results
We conducted a year-round survey on sediment profiles of Lake Chaohu, a large shallow lake in China. Depth-discrete shotgun metagenomics, metataxonomics, and geophysiochemical analyses revealed a unique prokaryotic hierarchy contributed by coupling of redox regime and historical damming (labeled by the 137Cs peak in AD 1963). Dam-induced initial differentiation was amplified by nitrogen and methane metabolism, forming an abrupt transition which localized the nitrate-methane transition zone and controlled the depth of methane sequestration. At the transition zone, we observed significant taxonomic differentiation and identified damming-sensitive taxa via a random forest algorithm. Null model analysis showed that damming altered microbial community assembly, from a selection-oriented deterministic process above to a more stochastic, dispersal-limited one below. Temporal investigation revealed that the rapid transition zone acted as an ecotone where the local community exhibited high richness, low stability, and emergent stochasticity. Path analysis showed the emergent stochasticity mainly came from high microbial metabolic flexibility which potentially brought both ecological and statistical neutralities.
Conclusions
We delineate a picture in which dam-induced changes to the nutrient availability and sedimentation rate modify the microbial metabolic activities and generate great changes in the community structure, assembly and stability of the freshwater sediment microbiome. These findings reflect profound ecological and biogeochemical ramifications of human-Earth system interactions and help re-examine the mainstream views in the formation of sediment microbial stratification.
Shifts in coral reef fish populations linked to human pressure and tourism activities revealed by COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Gairin Emma , Bertucci Frédéric , Roux Natacha , Minier Lana , Berthe Cécile , Waqalevu Viliame , Maueau Tehani , Sturny Vincent , Sang Gaston Tong , Mills Suzanne C , Lecchini David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Throughout the world, anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems is intensifying notably through urbanisation, economic development, and tourism. Coral reef organisms worldwide have become exposed to stressors related to tourism activities. To reveal the impact of human activities, the COVID-19-related social restrictions put in place since 2020 can be used. In French Polynesia, from February to December 2021, there was a series of restrictions of local activities as well as bans of international tourism. These led to variations in the intensity of tourism activities. Here, we aim to determine the consequences of the rapidly changing activity restrictions on the species richness and density of juvenile and adult fish of all species and of harvested species in the lagoon of Bora-Bora (French Polynesia) across sites dedicated to tourism activities, affected by boat traffic, or with low traffic and tourism. Underwater visual surveys demonstrated that the density and species richness of juvenile and adult fish of all species and of harvested species were highest during total lockdowns and lowest when all activities were authorised. Adult and juvenile fish density and species richness increased the most during periods without tourism on sites usually visited by tourists. Fish density and diversity were lowest on sites affected by boat traffic regardless of restriction level, indicating a strong influence of human presence on fish sightings in the lagoon. Overall, COVID-19-related restrictions highlight that human activities are major drivers of fish abundance and species richness on Bora-Bora, calling for a sustainable planning of the lagoon usage.
A Rare Cause of Prolonged Jaundice-Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: Şentürk Sevde , Gökçe Şule , Kaltakkıran Atakan , Koç Gonca , Demir Hilal , Mestanoğlu Perin , Satymkanova Rabiia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a disorder that causes a near-complete occlusion of the gastric outflow and leads to forceful vomiting in young infants. The congenital anomaly classically presents as being a dehydrated and underweight infant with several electrolyte abnormalities. Prolonged jaundice is an entity that has been described as total bilirubinemia (> 8 mg/dl) persisting beyond 14–21 postnatal days in newborns. The underlying etiologies of prolonged jaundice is generally as follows breast milk, congenital hypothyroidism, urinary tract infection, hemolysis and congenital methabolic disorders. Prolonged jaundice caused by Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis has been extremely rare reported in the literature.
Case Presentation:
A 33-day-old boy presented with acute onset non-projectile vomiting and prolonged jaundice. The common etiological factor of prolonged jaundice alongside non-projectile vomiting has been evaluated and the laboratory markers for hypothyroidism, urinary tract infection or hemolysis have not been detected. Although there was no failure to thrive, projectile vomiting, and pathological laboratory results; other rare etiologies of prolonged jaundice was analyzed and finally the ultrasonographic imaging showed a positive for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The case was operated on with the technique of Ramstedt pyloromyotomy, recovered uneventfully, and jaundice regressed.
Conclusions:
Albeit breastmilk jaundice is the most common cause of prolonged jaundice; the radiological investigations should not be delayed for the correct diagnosis of infants presented with vomiting that could be associated with the possibility of less definite clinical features of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
CD38 coordinates with NF-κB to promote cochlear inflammation in noise-induced hearing loss：the protective effect of Apigenin
Authors: Liu Da , Sai Na , Zhou Ying , Yu Ning , Jiang Qing-qing , Sun Wei , Han Wei-ju , Guo Weiwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Noise exposure is one of the most common scause of sensorineural hearing loss. Although a large number of studies considered inflammation as a major contributor to noise-induced hearing loss, the process of cochlear inflammation is still unclear. Studies have found that activation of the NF-κB signal caused the accumulation of macrophages in the inner ear plays an important role in hair cell damage. In this study, Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) technique was used to analyze the changes of basilar membrane proteome expression before and after acoustic injury. After noise exposure, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism level was down-regulated and NF-κB signal pathway was activated. It seemed that the expression of CD38, the main NAD hydrolase in mammals, could straightly lead to the inflammation onset. Then Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor blocker, and Apigenin, a CD38 inhibitor, were given to animals to protect noise induced hearing loss. Our results showed that Anakinra had a littlt influence on the hearing threshold shift, while Apigenin could significantly reduce the threshold shift of hearing by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and CD38. These results suggest that inhibition of the expression of NF-κB and CD38 can be a promising target for protecting noise-induced hearing loss.
Stroke knowledge attitude behavior and practice in Sennar population, Sudan
Authors: Ismail Yasir Ahmed , Diab Dania Abdalla Hassan , Mohammed Ahmed Babiker Eltayb , Alteib Mogahid Alteib Yousif , Babiker Osman Asim , Balla Esraa Mohammed Ahmed , Balla Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed , Elteraifi Aya Mortada Awad Elkarim , Mohamedelnour Mohamed Elbadawi Elshaikh , Suliman Ahmed Elmahi Mohamed , Fadlallah Khalid Ali Mustafa , Balla Samer Mohammed Ahmed , Saifaldeen Monzer Mohammed Almahadi Ali , Nasereldin Elbasil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and the third leading cause of disability-adjusted life years. (1) this study aims to measure the knowledge about the stroke in Sennar city population.
Methodology:
This will be A Cross-sectional analytic study in the Sennar population town not in the medical field.
Result:
Of a total of 384 respondents, 63.3% (n =243) chose that HTN is the most important risk factor that can cause stroke, 35.4 % (n=136) choose obesity, while those who choose that lack of physical activity reached 33.6 % (n=129). While smoking came forth.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the survey findings revealed good stroke-related knowledge in the Sennar community. Knowledge of stroke risk factors was above average, as was awareness of the need to call an ambulance in response to stroke symptoms.
Prediction of no-reflow phenomenon in patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention by using optical coherence tomographyA systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Qin Sirun , Sheng Zhe , Cao Yu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate predictors of no-reflow in primary PCI using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Methods and results: We conducted a systematic search of published or presented studies in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases for studies that compared no reflow and normal flow in patients with coronary artery disease following PCI guided by OCT.A total of five observational studies total number of patients = 356; No-reflow group = 96, Normal flow group =260) were included in the analysis. On pooled analysis, the presence of TCFA were significantly greater in the no reflow group than in the normal flow group, and the no reflow group had higher frequencies of plaque rupture and thrombus.In addition,we found that larger lipid arc (MD=66.51°, 95% CI: 3.05 to 129.96, p<0.00001) and length (MD=3.86mm, 95% CI: 2.01 to 5.70, p<0.0001) were more frequently observed in no reflow group.
Conclusion:The thin-capped fibroatheroma (TCFA) and large lipid plaque were good morphological features in identifying high-risk lesions for no-reflow after PCI. And these two features can serve as high-risk factors for no-reflow and guide clinical early prediction and prevention .
Association of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease with COVID-19 in Africa: scoping review protocol
Authors: Nooh Faisal , Utzinger Jürg , Paris Daniel H. , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Chernet Afona 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The unprecedented spread of COVID-19 posed devastating effects on the global health care systems. People with chronic comorbidities have been at a particularly high risk for severe COVID-19. However, evidence on association of COVID-19 severity with hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the African population is still scarce.
Objective
The aim of this scoping review is to estimate the severity of COVID-19 among African patients with hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and its implications for case management in Africa.
Methods and analysis
The current scoping review will be conducted in compliance with the extension for Scoping Reviews of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR). Articles will be served on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews. The search will be conducted after the publication of this protocol. Articles published after March 2020 will be considered without language restrictions. Two reviewers will extract data from relevant articles. Descriptive analysis of the important findings will be conducted and a narrative synthesis of the results will serve as the basis for interpretation.
Expected results and conclusion
This scoping review is expected to determine the likelihood of patients with chronic comorbidities to progress to severe stage of COVID-19. In doing so it will generate evidence and set foundations for recommendations towards the establishment of surveillance systems and referral guidelines for the management of non-communicable diseases in face of COVID-19 and future pandemics.