bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing students' understanding of cardiac physiology by using 4D visualization
Authors: Ohlsson Linus , Moreira André Da Luz , Bäck Sophia , Lantz Jonas , Carlhäll Carl‐Johan , Persson Anders , Hedman Kristofer , Chew Michelle S , Dahlström Nils , Ebbers Tino 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifficulties in achieving knowledge about physiology and anatomy of the beating heart highlight the challenges with more traditional pedagogical methods. Recent research regarding anatomy education has mainly focused on digital three‐dimensional models. However, these pedagogical improvements may not be entirely applicable to cardiac anatomy and physiology due to the multidimensional complexity with moving anatomy and complex blood flow. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate whether high quality time‐resolved anatomical images combined with realistic blood flow simulations improve the understanding of cardiac structures and function. Three time‐resolved datasets were acquired using time‐resolved computed tomography and blood flow was computed using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The anatomical and blood flow information was combined and interactively visualized using volume rendering on an advanced stereo projection system. The setup was tested in interactive lectures for medical students. Ninety‐seven students participated. Summative assessment of examinations showed significantly improved mean score (18.1 ± 4.5 vs 20.3 ± 4.9, p = 0.002). This improvement was driven by knowledge regarding myocardial hypertrophy and pressure–velocity differences over a stenotic valve. Additionally, a supplementary formative assessment showed significantly more agreeing answers than disagreeing answers (p < 0.001) when the participants subjectively evaluated the contribution of the visualizations to their education and knowledge. In conclusion, the use of simultaneous visualization of time‐resolved anatomy data and simulated blood flow improved medical students' results, with a particular effect on understanding of cardiac physiology and these simulations may be useful educational tools for teaching complex anatomical and physiological concepts.
AL amyloidosis clonal plasma cells are regulated by microRNAs and dependent on anti‐apoptotic BCL2 family members
Authors: Fishov Hila , Muchtar Eli , Salmon‐Divon Mali , Dispenzieri Angela , Zvida Tal , Schneider Claudio , Bender Benjamin , Duek Adrian , Leiba Merav , Shpilberg Ofer , Hershkovitz‐Rokah Oshrat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNoncoding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted attention as biological pathway regulators, which differ from chromosomal translocations and gene point mutations. Their involvement in the molecular mechanisms underlying light chain (AL) amyloidosis pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated.AimsTo decipher specific miRNA expression profile in AL‐amyloidosis and to examine how miRNAs are involved in AL pathogenesis.MethodsThe expression profile of miRNAs and mRNA from bone marrow (BM)‐derived CD138+ cells were determined using the NanoString nCounter assay and RNA‐Seq, respectively. The effect of aberrantly expressed miRNAs on potential molecular targets was analyzed by qRT‐PCR, Western blot, Mito‐potential assay, and Annexin‐PI staining.ResultsGenes which were significantly differentially expressed between AL‐amyloidosis and MM, were found to be involved in cell growth and apoptotic mechanisms. Specifically, BCL2L1, MCL1, and BCL2 were upregulated in AL‐amyloidosis compared with MM and controls. The levels of miR‐181a‐5p and miR‐9‐5p, which regulate the above‐mentioned genes, were lower in BM samples from AL‐amyloidosis compared with controls, providing a mechanism for BCL2 family gene upregulation. When miR‐9‐5p and miR‐181a‐5p were overexpressed in ALMC1 cells, BCL2L1, MCL1, and BCL2 were downregulated and induced apoptosis. Treatment of ALMC‐1 cells with venetoclax, (BCL‐2 inhibitor), resulted in the upregulation of those miRNAs, the downregulation of BCL2, MCL1, and BCL2L1 mRNA and protein levels, and subsequent apoptosis.ConclusionOur findings suggest that miR‐9‐5p and miR‐181a‐5p act as tumor‐suppressors whose downregulation induces anti‐apoptotic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AL‐amyloidosis. The study highlights the post‐transcriptional regulation in AL‐amyloidosis and provides pathogenetic evidence for the potential use of BCL‐2 inhibitors in this disease.
Effects of intra‐ and inter‐category traffic‐light carbon labels and the presence of a social norm cue on food purchases
Authors: Suchier Johann , Demarque Christophe , Waroquier Laurent , Girandola Fabien , Hilton Denis , Muller Laurent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn two experiments replicating an online shopping context, we studied the effectiveness of two traffic‐light carbon labeling systems that differ according to the set of reference with which product comparisons are made. While the inter‐category system allows consumers to compare all food products to each other, the intra‐category system only allows consumers to compare products within the same food category. We also examined whether providing a descriptive social norm cue could increase theirs effects. The impact of the labels was studied on: (1) the frequency of low/medium/high carbon impact products purchased, (2) the carbon footprint of consumers' baskets. Study 1, conducted on university students (n = 228), showed that both carbon labeling systems tested had beneficial effects on consumers' behaviors and carbon footprint. Study 2 (n = 260) on a general population sample, which was less responsive to carbon labels, showed that the addition of a descriptive social norm cue enhanced the labels' effectiveness. Overall, the intra‐category traffic‐light labeling system shifted purchasing the most.
Neonatal exposure to aluminum chloride predisposes adult and senile gerbils to the prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Gomes Liana Silva , da Silva Lima Danilo , Costa Janaína Ribeiro , Naves Jane Sousa , Marques Mara Rúbia , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , Ghedini Paulo César , Biancardi Manoel Francisco , Alcantara dos Santos Fernanda Cristina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeveral pollutants can alter neonatal prostatic development predisposing this gland to diseases. The toxicity and endocrine disrupting potential of aluminum has been reported in many organs, but little is known about its effects on the prostate. This study aimed to evaluate the effects that aluminum neonatal exposure can cause in the male ventral prostate and in the female prostate of adult and senile gerbils. Male and female pups were treated orally with aluminum chloride (10 mg/kg) from the 1st to the 14th day life. After treatment, the animals were aged until they reached 90 days or 1 year of life. The prostate glands were dissected out and submitted to morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Ventral prostates of adult males showed moderate hyperplasia and increased epithelial proliferation not associated with androgen receptor (AR) deregulation. On the other hand, senile males showed intense prostatic hyperplasia, and increased cell proliferation and epithelial AR regulation. Additionally, at both ages, there was a reduction in the prostate secretory function. The morphological changes observed in the female prostate were like those found in males. However, in adult females, prostatic hyperplasia was accompanied by a lower regulation of AR and estrogen receptor alpha, while in senile females, intense hyperplastic growth was associated with an increase in estrogen receptor alpha and a reduction in stromal AR. These results demonstrate that aluminum chloride neonatal exposure alters the hormonal regulation of the male and female prostate, inducing tissue damage that occurs in adulthood and intensifies during aging.
Performance evaluation for Ag and Au nanoparticle containing K2O‐MgO‐B2O3‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐F glass sealants for SOFC application
Authors: Garai Mrinmoy , Roy Shibayan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present work illustrates the effect of Ag and Au nanoparticle addition on the density, microstructure, phase formation and thermal performance of K2O‐MgO‐B2O3‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐F glass‐ceramics considered as a potential sealant material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. Addition of 0.2 wt.% Ag and Au nanoparticles caused a steep increase in the density of the base glasses in comparison to the glass containing an equivalent amount (0.2 wt%) of Cu nanoparticle. The glass‐ceramics were prepared from the base glasses by controlled heat treatment at 900°C, a temperature relevant for SOFC operation. They were multicrystalline having fluorophlogopite (KMg3AlSi3O10F2) as the predominant crystal phase and norbergite (Mg2SiO4.MgF2) and enstatite (MgSiO3) as additional phases. Fluorophlogopite crystals form in both plate‐like and rod‐like morphologies within the glass matrix in the microstructure of the glass‐ceramics. The size of the plate‐shaped fluorophlogopite crystals increases for Ag nanoparticles containing glass‐ceramics in comparison to either Cu or Au nanoparticles containing glass‐ceramics. The density of the Ag and Au nanoparticle glass‐ceramics are also considerably higher due to the formation of a compact interlocked crystalline microstructures. The Au nanoparticle containing glass‐ceramics is characterized by a large thermal expansion (coefficient of thermal expansion, CTE= 11.29 × 10−6/K in 50–800°C range) which is comparable to other SOFC components. This glass/glass‐ceramics sealant also possess maximum volume shrinkage in the range of 30–900°C as well as nearly constant CTE without any considerable decrease up to 10 cycles of SOFC operations making it suitable for SOFC sealant applications.
The Choice of Stock Over Cash Payments in Mergers and Acquisitions: A Market‐Failure Account and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Tseng Chiung‐Hui , Chen Shih‐Fen S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPayments in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) can be all cash, all stock, or any combination of the two. However, using stock instead of cash in M&A payments has clear weaknesses that must be offset (e.g., valuation difficulty). In this study, we argue that stock payments can save on the costs of using the M&A market, which serves to compensate the inherent weaknesses of stock deals. Our empirical findings confirm that stock should account for a greater percentage of the payment in M&As that feature higher transaction costs. The market‐failure account for stock payments that we offer contributes to the M&A literatures in both finance and management.
Thiazolidinone‐Heterocycle Frameworks: A Concise Review of Their Pharmacological Significance
Authors: Seboletswe Pule , Cele Nosipho , Singh Parvesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMolecular hybridization is deemed an optimistic approach in drug design and the discovery of novel biologically active molecules as it may advance their affinity and potency while concurrently decreasing associated resistance and side effects. Approximately 20 % of approved drugs were developed using this approach in the past few years. Thiazolidinone is one of the privileged pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and is associated with various biological activities; it forms a functional unit in several FDA‐approved drugs. Consequently, this pharmacophore has attracted the attention of many research groups to further explore its pharmacological relevance by coupling it with other pharmacophoric moieties. This review presents a concise account of scholarly research exploits directed at the biological activities of newly synthesized thiazolidinone‐tagged molecular hybrids. Focused attention is given to the existing structural activity relationship in each compound library and the toxicity profile of potent compounds including in silico docking studies (where applicable). This work would provide a base on which new pharmaceuticals with improved potency can be modelled.
DONUTS: An efficient method for checkpointing in non‐volatile memories
Authors: Kruger Kleber , Pannain Ricardo , Azevedo Rodolfo 
Published: January 2023

SummaryNon‐volatile memory (NVM) is an emerging technology being explored as an alternative to DRAM main memory in computing systems because of its persistence, higher storage density, lower energy consumption, and access latency close to DRAM. However, persistent memory systems must ensure data consistency on system failures, a property known as crash consistency. One of the main challenges in these systems is creating efficient checkpointing mechanisms in terms of performance and usability. Thus, it is necessary to remove persistence from the critical execution path and reduce the excessive number of writes to NVM caused by logging operations, resulting in increased memory bandwidth usage. Another limitation is that most proposed mechanisms restrict application source code to programming interfaces based on transactional models, typed as software‐based approaches. These factors make it challenging to adopt NVM systems. This article presents a software‐transparent mechanism based on dynamic epochs with logging operations via processing‐in‐memory and checkpoints integrated into the cache replacement policy. Compared to the previous best‐performing system, our strategy reduces 50.6% of writes to NVM. Furthermore, it does not increase the average memory bandwidth usage, providing crash consistency with less than 2% runtime overhead.
Evaluation of annual effect of selected cultivation programs for the management of creeping bentgrass putting greens in the transition zone
Authors: Amgain Naba R. , Fontanier Charles H. , Martin Dennis L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCultivation is commonly used to improve or maintain soil physical properties and reduce organic matter (OM) of golf putting greens. Surface disruption after cultivation is a major concern of golf course superintendents. Less invasive cultivation techniques are increasingly practiced, but there is limited research examining their effectiveness. This study was conducted to investigate the annual effect of air‐injection cultivation (AIC) and sand‐injection cultivation (SIC) alone or in combination with hollow‐tine cultivation (HTC) on soil moisture content, surface firmness, water infiltration rate, OM content, and soil oxygen (O2). The experiment was conducted over 2 years on a sand‐based putting green located at the Oklahoma State University Turfgrass Research Center in Stillwater, OK. HTC alone or in combination with AIC or SIC reduced soil moisture content, reduced surface firmness, and increased infiltration rates. Neither SIC nor AIC affected soil moisture, surface firmness, and infiltration rate, compared to the untreated control. AIC did not increase soil (O2) concentration, compared to the untreated control. Results suggest annual cultivation programs should not rely strictly on SIC or AIC, but these alternative practices may be useful supplements to HTC.
The need for future research into the assessment and monitoring of eating disorder risk in the context of obesity treatment
Authors: McMaster Caitlin M. , Paxton Susan J. , Maguire Sarah , Hill Andrew J. , Braet Caroline , Seidler Anna L. , Nicholls Dasha , Garnett Sarah P. , Ahern Amy L. , Wilfley Denise E. , Lister Natalie B. , Jebeile Hiba 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn adolescents and adults, the co‐occurrence of eating disorders and overweight or obesity is continuing to increase, and the prevalence of eating disorders is higher in people with higher weight compared to those with lower weight. People with an eating disorder with higher weight are more likely to present for weight loss than for eating disorder treatment. However, there are no clinical practice guidelines on how to screen, assess, and monitor eating disorder risk in the context of obesity treatment. In this article, we first summarize current challenges and knowledge gaps related to the identification and assessment of eating disorder risk and symptoms in people with higher weight seeking obesity treatment. Specifically, we discuss considerations relating to the validation of current self‐report measures, dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, binge eating, and how change in eating disorder risk can be measured in this setting. Second, we propose avenues for further research to guide the development and implementation of clinical and research protocols for the identification and assessment of eating disorders in people with higher weight in the context of obesity treatment.Public SignificanceThe number of people with both eating disorders and higher weight is increasing. Currently, there is little guidance for clinicians and researchers about how to identify and monitor risk of eating disorders in people with higher weight. We present limitations of current research and suggest future avenues for research to enhance care for people living with higher weight with eating disorders.
Limited population genetic variation but pronounced seascape genetic structuring in populations of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the eastern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Hamilton Joanna S. , Piria Marina , Gavrilović Ana , Mrkonjić Fuka Mirna , Svečnjak Lidija , Nikolić Slađana , Bakiu Rigers , Gardner Jonathan P. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPopulation genetic analysis of variation at five neutral microsatellite loci for Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from 18 sites along the eastern Adriatic Sea revealed little or no spatial variation. In contrast, seascape genetics analysis revealed a pronounced locus‐specific gradient in allelic and genotypic frequencies across the study region. At a sixth locus, MGE7, the frequencies of two alleles, MGE7243 and MGE7249, were strongly associated, negatively and positively, respectively, with a single environmental variable – minimum salinity (minSAL). The frequency of the MGE7243/243 homozygous genotype was strongly negatively associated with minSAL, whereas the frequencies of the MGE7246/249 and the MGE7249/249 genotypes were strongly positively correlated with minSAL. Interpretation of these pronounced gradients is confounded by the fact that minSAL and another environmental variable, maximum sea surface temperature (maxSST), are highly correlated (R = −.911) and are therefore not necessarily acting independently. BLAST searches of the MGE7 locus against M. galloprovincialis whole genome shotgun sequence returned an alignment with contig mg10_S01094 (accession UYJE01010330.1) and 7 predicted M. galloprovincialis proteins VDI82194.1 ‐ VDI82200.1. Conserved domain searches revealed a similar structure to the transcriptional regulator Msx2‐interacting protein. The BLASTp search also returned significant alignments to Msx2‐interacting proteins in Mytilus coruscus, Crassostrea virginica, and Haliotis rubra. The existence of the MGE7 gradient highlights the role that environmental variation may play in retarding gene flow among wild M. galloprovincialis populations, and also how the success of collection of young mussels (spat) from one site and their transfer to another site (the farm) may be influenced by a single factor such as minSAL or maxSST on a localized scale.
Using pictographs as traits to explore morphological diversity in sharks
Authors: Siders Zachary A. , Caltabellotta Fabio P. , Loesser Katherine B. , Trotta Lauren B. , Baiser Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBody shape is a foundational trait on the differences between species. However, morphological measurements can be simplifying and, for many taxa, can be distorted upon preservation or are difficult to collect due to a species' habit or size. Scientific illustrations, or pictographs, provide information on a species' morphology but are rarely used as traits. Here, we demonstrate the use of pictographs using two shark clades: Lamniformes and Carcharhinidae + Sphyrnidae. After collecting 473 pictographs from 67 species across 12 sources, we used landmarking to show that measurements derived from pictographs do not substantially differ from those garnered from specimens. We then used Elliptical Fourier Analysis and principal components analysis to construct a multivariate morphospace. Using global shape measurements, we evaluated whether substantial variability in body shape was introduced by habitat association, endemism, or illustrator. We found that a species' habitat preference strongly influenced the discovery rate of pictographs and the within‐species similarity. While illustrations varied within a species, only a limited set of illustrators exhibited significant systematic variability. We also demonstrated the utility of pictographs in two common applications. For ancestral trait reconstruction, we developed a simple extension to estimate body shapes from principal components and, in doing so, observed that the Lamnid body plan diverged from the rest of Lamniformes ~100 MYA. For phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models (PGLMM), we found that the pictographs had greater explanatory power than traditional morphological measurements. We used the PGLMM to show that higher endemism across Carcharhinidae + Sphyrnidae taxa correlates with body shapes that have caudal fins with small heterocercal angles and more pronounced second dorsal/anal fins. We concluded that pictographs are likely an undervalued and easy‐to‐digitize data source on a species' body shape with numerous established methods for comparing pictographs and assessing variability.
Limited predatory effects on infaunal macrobenthos community patterns in intertidal soft‐bottom of Arctic coasts
Authors: Díaz María José , Buschbaum Christian , Renaud Paul E. , Valdivia Nelson , Molis Markus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPredation shapes marine benthic communities and affects prey species population dynamics in tropic and temperate coastal systems. However, information on its magnitude in systematically understudied Arctic coastal habitats is scarce. To test predation effects on the diversity and structure of Arctic benthic communities, we conducted caging experiments in which consumers were excluded from plots at two intertidal sedimentary sites in Svalbard (Longyearbyen and Thiisbukta) for 2.5 months. Unmanipulated areas served as controls and partial (open) cages were used to estimate potential cage effects. At the end of the experiment, we took one sediment core from each plot and quantified total biomass and the number of each encountered taxon. At both sites, the experimental exclusion of predators slightly changed the species composition of communities and had negligible effects on biomass, total abundance, species richness, evenness, and Shannon Index. In addition, we found evidence for cage effects, and spatial variability in the intensity of the predation effects was identified. Our study suggests that predators have limited effects on the structure of the studied intertidal macrobenthic Arctic communities, which is different from coastal soft‐bottom ecosystems at lower latitudes.