bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the amount of protection against UV irradiation
Authors: Ghamarpoor Reza , Fallah Akram , Jamshidi Masoud 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, three samples of commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in different sizes were used to investigate their effect on the formulation of sunscreen creams. The aim was to evaluate their role in the performance of sunscreens (i.e. SPF, UVAPF, and critical wavelength). Then the particle size of these samples was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy methods. As a result, the size of primary particles was reduced by using milling and homogenization methods at different times. The results showed that the particle size of samples TA, TB, and TC in the ultrasonic homogenizer decreased from 966.4, 2745.8, and 2471.6 nm to 142.6, 254.8, and 262.8 nm, respectively. These particles were used in the pristine formulation. Then the functional characteristics of each formulation were determined by standard methods. TA had the best dispersion in cream compared to other samples due to its smaller size (i.e. 142.6 nm). For each formulation, two important parameters, including pH and TiO2 dosage, were investigated in different states. The results showed that the formulations prepared with TA had the lowest viscosity compared to formulations containing TB and TC. SPSS 17 statistical software analysis of variance showed that the performance of SPF, UVAPF and λc in formulations containing TA had the highest levels. Also, the sample containing TAU with the lowest particle size values had the highest protection against UV rays (SPF). According to the photocatalytic functionality of TiO2, the photodegradation of methylene blue in the presence of each nanoparticle of TiO2 was studied. The results showed that smaller nanoparticles (i.e. TA) had more photocatalytic activity under UV–Vis irradiation during 4 h (TA (22%) > TB (16%) > TC (15%)). The results showed that titanium dioxide can be used as a suitable filter against all types of UVA and UVB rays.
Gas stripping assisted vapour permeation using graphene membrane on silicon carbide for ethanol recovery
Authors: Carrio Juan A. G. , Talluri VSSL Prasad , Toolahalli Swamy T. , Echeverrigaray Sergio G. , Neto A. H. Castro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe conventional methods for ethanol recovery in low concentrations from diluted aqueous solutions are limited by the high energy consumed. Therefore, developing a cost-effective advanced membrane process for ethanol recovery and concentration is still necessary. A gas stripping-assisted vapour permeation (GSVP) process was applied to concentrate ethanol by the selective removal of water using hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) membranes. Silicon carbide porous tubes were internally coated with GO-based membranes with an average thickness of 1.1 μm as a selective layer. Dry N2 was bubbled into the feed solution, carrying the saturated vapours to the separation module. The modified GSVP process was implemented to recover ethanol at lower temperatures than direct distillation and close-ended GSVP processes. The performance of the membrane-coated tubes was evaluated as a function of temperature and feed concentration, ranging from 23 to 60 °C and 10 wt% to 50 wt%. Distillates with 67 wt% and 87 wt% were obtained from feeds with 10 and 50 wt% ethanol at 50 °C, respectively. The evaporation energy spent by the modified GSVP process using GO-coated SiC tubes was 22% and 31% lower than the traditional distillation and vapour stripping processes.
Finite‐time tracking control of disturbed non‐holonomic systems with input saturation and state constraints: Theory and experiment
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Wu Kang , Wu Yuqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the finite‐time tracking control problem for disturbed non‐holonomic systems with input saturation and state constraints. Input saturation is ensured by utilizing saturated state feedback and designing auxiliary variables. A rigorous design procedure, which combines barrier Lyapunov function‐based backstepping and neural networks, is introduced to satisfy state constraints and overcome the influence of lumped disturbances. A finite‐time filter is developed to address the explosion of complexity problem. Together with relay switching, the designed saturated controller guarantees that the tracking errors converge to arbitrarily small neighbourhoods around zero within a finite time. Stability analysis indicates that all closed‐loop system signals maintain bounded, and the desired input and state constraints are not violated throughout the control process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, simulation and experimental results on a wheeled mobile robot are presented.
A novel gamut expansion method based on combined global–local mapping for sRGB‐to‐ProPhoto conversion
Authors: Li Huailin , Liu Qinsen , Sun Bangyong , Liu Mengnan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the development of display technology, more displays can cover the wider gamut, but most of the content they show is based on a small gamut. It is significant to employ gamut expansion (GE) to expand the small gamut images to a wider target gamut. Most of the existing GE methods only use global or local operations to realize the mapping from small gamut to wide gamut. However, the utilization of both global information and local feature is important for GE. In this article, the authors propose a combined global‐local gamut expansion network (G‐LGENet) for mapping the input standard RGB (sRGB) images to wider ProPhoto RGB space. In G‐LGENet, the global colour mapping module first extracts and fuses the global colour priors and learns the mapping of colour information for the corresponding pixels. And then, the local enhancement (LE) is designed to extract the local colour information between the corresponding pixel and neighbourhood pixels. The experimental results on a sRGB‐to‐ProPhoto dataset have demonstrated that the proposed G‐LGENet outperforms the other excellent GE methods qualitatively and visually.
Expectations for time-delay measurements in active galactic nuclei with the Vera Rubin Observatory
Authors: Czerny Bozena , Panda Swayamtrupta , Prince Raj , Kumar Jaiswal Vikram , Zajaček Michal , Martinez Aldama Mary Loli , Kozłowski Szymon , Kovacevic Andjelka B. , Ilic Dragana , Popović Luka Č. , Pozo Nuñez Francisco , Hönig Sebastian F. , Brandt William N. 
Published: June 2023

Context. The Vera Rubin Observatory will provide an unprecedented set of time-dependent observations of the sky. The planned Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), operating for ten years, will provide dense light curves for thousands of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in deep drilling fields (DDFs) and less dense light curves for millions of AGN from the main survey (MS).
Aims. We model the prospects for measuring the time delays for the AGN emission lines with respect to the continuum, using these data.
Methods. We modeled the artificial light curves using the Timmer-König algorithm. We used the exemplary cadence to sample them (one for the MS and one for the DDF), we supplement light curves with the expected contamination by the strong emission lines (Hβ, Mg II, and CIV, as well as with Fe II pseudo-continuum and the starlight). We chose suitable photometric bands that are appropriate for the redshift and compared the assumed line time-delay with the recovered time delay for 100 statistical realizations of the light curves.
Results. We show that time delays for emission lines can be well measured from the main survey for the bright tail of the quasar distribution (about 15% of all sources) with an accuracy within 1σ error. For the DDF, the results for fainter quasars are also reliable when the entire ten years of data are used. There are also some prospects to measure the time delays for the faintest quasars at the lowest redshifts from the first two years of data, and possibly even from the first season. The entire quasar population will allow us to obtain results of apparently high accuracy, but in our simulations, we see a systematic offset between the assumed and recovered time delay that depends on the redshift and source luminosity. This offset will not disappear even in the case of large statistics. This problem might affect the slope of the radius-luminosity relation and cosmological applications of quasars if no simulations are performed that correct for these effects.
Can We Still Afford Innovative Surgical Procedures?
Authors: Lux Michael Patrick , Untch Michael , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Friedrich Michael , Thill Marc , Schütz Florian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction Hospitals are currently facing major financial challenges. Due to the high incidence of breast cancer and the complex range of associated services, surgical treatment of breast cancer is a particular case in point when it comes to the question of cost coverage for innovative versus established procedures by the service providers. The aim of this study is to shed light from a healthcare economics perspective on the current situation of hospitals in Germany with regard to their different structures and processes for breast-conserving therapy.
Materials and methods An online questionnaire with 46 questions was developed and made available to hospitals that are members of the AGO [German Working Group for Gynecological Oncology] Breast Committee and AWOgyn [German Working Group for Cosmetic, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in Gynecology], as well as AG-certified breast centers. The questions cover various parameters for health economics analysis, including primary case numbers, structures, and questions about tumor and sentinel marking and surgical procedures.
Results 142 hospitals or breast centers took part in the survey. 93% of the hospitals were certified. The average number of primary cases was 264.6 per year. In over 60% of the hospitals, the surgical procedure and surgery planning were influenced by capacity limitations of cooperation partners. “Targeted axillary dissection” was performed in 83.5% of the hospitals, and radioactive markers were most commonly used for sentinel lymph node marking. Over 60% of participating hospitals were highly satisfied with the marking method used.
Conclusion This structure and process analysis now makes it possible to reflect on the costs involved for hospitals of different sizes, in different regions, and with different funding models, and to use this as a basis for the economic evaluation of new surgical procedures within an overall context. In general, it is possible to make savings through innovative procedures in the surgical treatment of breast cancer.
Das Blutungsrisiko unter Antidepressiva verstehen und einschätzen
Authors: Seifert Johanna , Eckermann Gabriel , Heck Johannes , Bleich Stefan , Dabbert Dominik , Grohmann Renate , Toto Sermin 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungAntidepressiva, insbesondere die selektiven Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI),
sind die meistverordnete psychopharmakologische Arzneistoffgruppe, weshalb eine
genaue Kenntnis der zu erwartenden unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen
unabdingbar ist. Das erhöhte Risiko für Blutungsereignisse ist
vor allem bei Patienten, die mit SSRI behandelt werden, gut belegt. Mit wenigen
Ausnahmen können jedoch auch die anderen antidepressiven
Arzneistoffgruppen Einfluss auf die Blutgerinnung nehmen und somit das
Blutungsrisiko erhöhen. In der nachfolgenden Übersichtsarbeit
wird das thrombozytäre Serotoninsystem vorgestellt und die
Angriffspunkte der unterschiedlichen Antidepressiva erläutert.
Anschließend wird die zur Verfügung stehende Literatur zu
Blutungen unter den jeweiligen Antidepressivaklassen bzw. einzelnen Substanzen
vorgestellt, wobei hier nach Möglichkeit jeweils Daten aus Meta-Analysen
herangezogen werden. Neben dem allgemeinen Blutungsrisiko werden zudem einzelne
Blutungsentitäten betrachtet, wie gastrointestinale und Hirnblutungen.
Zuletzt werden die Auswirkungen von anderen blutgerinnungsfördernden
Arzneistoffen (Nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika, Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer
und Antikoagulanzien) in Kombination mit Antidepressiva diskutiert. Mit dem
vorgestellten Wissen soll es Behandlern in Zukunft leichter fallen
Entscheidungen hinsichtlich einer geeigneten antidepressiven Pharmakotherapie
anhand der patientenindividuellen Risikokonstellation zu treffen.
Applications of Viscoelastic Testing in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review Focusing on Hypercoagulability and Free Flap Thrombosis
Authors: Pamulapati Saagar , Conroy Meghan , Madireddy Sathwik , Kamaraju Sailaja , Cortina Chandler , Moore Hunter , Hartmann Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractViscoelastic testing is a clinically available method to assess hypercoagulability. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature and the potential use of such testing in patients with breast cancer. A systematic literature search for studies investigating the application of viscoelastic testing for patients with breast cancer was conducted. Studies were included as long as they were original, peer-reviewed, and in the English language. Studies were excluded if they were review articles, did not include breast cancer patients, or if the full text was unavailable. This review identified 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Two of the studies utilized rotational thromboelastometry, and an additional four studies used thromboelastography, to assess hypercoagulability in patients with breast cancer. Three of the identified articles discussed the use of thromboelastometry in free flap breast reconstruction for patients with breast cancer. One study was a retrospective chart review looking at thromboelastography and microsurgical breast reconstruction. Current literature regarding the application of viscoelastic testing in breast cancer and free flap breast reconstruction is limited, with no randomized trials thus far. However, some studies suggest that there may be potential utility in viscoelastic testing to assess risk for thromboembolism in breast cancer patients, and future research in this area is warranted.
Photodissociation dynamics of methylamine in the blue edge of the A-band. I. The H-atom elimination channel
Authors: Recio Pedro , Cachón Javier , Zanchet Alexandre , Marggi Poullain Sonia , Bañares Luis 
Published: June 2023

The photodissociation dynamics of methylamine (CH3NH2) upon excitation in the blue edge of the first absorption A-band, in the 198–203 nm range, are investigated by means of nanosecond pump–probe laser pulses and velocity map imaging combined with H(2S)-atom detection through resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. The images and corresponding translational energy distributions for the H-atoms produced show three different contributions associated with three reaction pathways. The experimental results are complemented by high-level ab initio calculations. The potential energy curves computed as a function of the N–H and C–H bond distances allow us to draw a picture of the different mechanisms. Major dissociation occurs through N–H bond cleavage and it is triggered by an initial geometrical change, i.e., from a pyramidal configuration of the C–NH2 with respect to the N atom to a planar geometry. The molecule is then driven into a conical intersection (CI) seam where three outcomes can take place: first, threshold dissociation into the second dissociation limit, associated with the formation of CH3NH(Ã), is observed; second, direct dissociation after passage through the CI leading to the formation of ground state products; and third, internal conversion into the ground state well in advance to dissociation. While the two last pathways were previously reported at a variety of wavelengths in the 203–240 nm range, the former had not been observed before to the best of our knowledge. The role of the CI and the presence of an exit barrier in the excited state, which modify the dynamics leading the two last mechanisms, are discussed considering the different excitation energies used.
In situ monitoring of initial plasma electrolytic oxidation process on 60 vol. % SiCp/2009 aluminum matrix composite by sound and vibration measurement techniques
Authors: Liao Yizhao , Zhou Qian , Gao Chuanli , Xu Chi , Jin Xiaoyue , Du Jiancheng , Xue Wenbin , Zhang Yongzhong 
Published: June 2023

The initial discharge process of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on the 60 vol. % SiCP/2009 aluminum matrix composite in silicate solution was in situ monitored by sound and vibration measurement techniques. The underwater sound, airborne sound, and sample vibration signals were detected in the initial 120 s of the PEO process, and their generation mechanism was discussed. In terms of waveforms and spectrograms of the sound and vibration signals, the initial PEO process can be divided into five stages: conventional anodizing stage (I), glow discharge stage (Ⅱ), tiny spark discharge stage (Ⅲ), large spark discharge stage (Ⅳ), and strong spark discharge stage (Ⅴ). The sound and vibration signals during the PEO process are attributed to the evolution of bubbles, which are from the plasma discharge, electrochemical reactions, and vaporization of electrolyte under Joule heat. In stage I, these signals completely come from the bubbles produced by the evaporative electrolyte and electrochemical reactions. In stages Ⅱ–Ⅴ, the bubbles from the plasma discharge gradually become the main source of these signals with increasing discharge intensity. In addition, the spike peaks on the waveforms of these signals at stage Ⅴ are related to the strong discharge sparks. These results demonstrate that sound and vibration measurement techniques can effectively monitor the PEO discharge process.
Evidence of multiple stocks of catfish, Rita rita (Hamilton), from the Ganges Basin on the basis of an integrated analysis of truss morphometrics, otolith microchemistry, and otolith shape
Authors: Ankita  , Schilling Hayden T. , Khan Salman , Khan M. Afzal , Miyan Kaish 
Published: June 2023

Context Management of Rita rita (Hamilton) in India is hampered by a lack of understanding of possible stock structure. Aim To investigate possible spatial stock structure of Rita rita in the Ganges Basin. Methods Independent analyses of landmark-based truss morphometry, otolith elemental analysis and otolith shape were conducted to investigate the stock structure of the catfish (Rita rita) from the Ganga River and its tributaries Yamuna and Ramganga. Key results Each of the stock-delineation approaches, namely, truss morphometrics, otolith elemental composition and otolith shape, showed significant differences among the fish groups from three sampling locations (P ≤ 0.003). Despite these differences, reclassification analyses showed variable (although all greater than random) reclassification rates (truss morphometry: 78%, otoliths elemental data: 98%, otolith shape: 50%). Conclusions An integrated view of the three analyses suggested spatial structuring and that there may be multiple stocks of Rita rita in the Ganges Basin. Implications Future investigations should consider possible variations in demographic parameters that may affect fisheries management. The multiple-lines-of-evidence approach taken in this study can serve as a template for studies of other species in any region.
Reconstructing the early history of the theory of heat through Fourier’s experiments
Authors: Esposito Salvatore 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a project for undergraduate students illustrating the historical path that led to the foundations of the early theory of heat developed by Joseph Fourier. It is based on the reconstruction of 12 key experiments carried out by the French scientist to acquire significant results about heat already known from previous authors, as well as to investigate the relevant parameters ruling heat propagation in media. Upon this empirical evidence, Fourier was able to elaborate his celebrated heat equation that he applied to a number of different problems, whose solution led to predictions and consequences to be tested in further observations. The dominant experimental activity of the project was complemented by a dedicated theoretical one, aimed at illustrating how physical evidences entered into the theoretical framework behind Fourier’s heat equation. The project ended with a dissemination activity, which resulted both in the realization of 12 videos illustrating the experiments performed (available on the YouTube platform) and in the presentation of the whole project to other students and the general public at science fairs and similar events.
Lagrangian approach and shape gradient for inverse problem of breaking line identification in solid: contact with adhesion
Authors: Kovtunenko Victor A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A class of inverse identification problems constrained by variational inequalities is studied with respect to its shape differentiability. The specific problem appearing in failure analysis describes elastic bodies with a breaking line subject to simplified adhesive contact conditions between its faces. Based on the Lagrange multiplier approach and smooth Lavrentiev penalization, a semi-analytic formula for the shape gradient of the Lagrangian linearized on the solution is proved, which contains both primal and adjoint states. It is used for the descent direction in a gradient algorithm for identification of an optimal shape of the breaking line from boundary measurements. The theoretical result is supported by numerical simulation tests of destructive testing in 2D configuration with and without contact.
Measurement and evaluation of time-varying meshing stiffness of faulty gears under different types
Authors: Meng Zong , Zhang Ying , Pang Xiushen , Jin Yesen , Li Jimeng , Fan Fengjie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When operating under complex conditions, gear failure is inevitable, and gears are often accompanied by multiple failures. In view of this phenomenon, this paper establishes a pitting crack coupling failure model and sets four different fault levels, from healthy to severe. Time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) decreases with the occurrence of faults, such that it could be employed as a gauge to assess the level of failure. Firstly, considering that the base circle and the tooth root circle do not coincide, the improved potential energy method is used to solve the TVMS under different fault degrees. Secondly, the effects of crack depth, angle, pitting radius, depth and number on meshing stiffness are studied. Then, the result of the potential energy method is verified by the finite element method, and the consequence shows that the difference between the two is within 5%, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed model. Finally, when the crack degree is certain, the influence of pitting evolution on the meshing stiffness of the coupling model is studied.