bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diseño de una bebida a base de Solanum betaceum Cav. (tomate de árbol) y cascarilla de Theobroma cacao L(cacao)
Authors: Matute Castro Nubia Lisbeth , Campo Fernández Mercedes , Vivanco Carpio Erik Ricardo , Escobar Coello Wendy Michelle , Bravo Bravo Verónica Patricia 
Published: March 2023

La búsqueda de fuentes de sustancias antioxidantes, que pudieran ayudar a prevenir el estrés oxidativo, es un reto para la comunidad científica. Solanum betaceum Cav y Theobroma cacao L, son materias primas endémicas de Ecuador, a las que se les atribuye propiedades antioxidantes asociadas, fundamentalmente, a su contenido en compuesto fenólicos.
El estudio tuvo como objetivo, diseñar una bebida a base de tomate de árbol con cascarilla de cacao, para obtener un alimento sensorialmente aceptado y con propiedades antioxidantes. Las formulaciones a evaluar se plantearon mediante un diseño de bloques, considerando como variable respuesta, la aceptación sensorial y como variables independientes tres niveles de cascarilla y goma xantana. La formulación de mayor aceptación (I), logró incluir 1 % de polvo de cascarilla de cacao con 0,05 % de estabilizante. El análisis físico-químico de la mejor formulación evidenció un aporte de 5,64 mg de vitamina C y 72,6 mg de fenoles totales, equivalente a ácido gálico por cada 330 mL de jugo. Su capacidad secuestradora de radicales libres fue del 81% expresado como porcentaje de inhibición frente al radical libre DPPH. Los resultados sugieren que esta bebida es una opción beneficiosa para el consumidor debido a su capacidad antioxidante.
EL EL MODELO DE TOULMIN COMO ESQUEMA DE MOTIVACIÓN PARA CUMPLIR LOS PARÁMETROS DE ADMISIBILIDAD EN LA ACCIÓN EXTRAORDINARIA DE PROTECCIÓN
Authors: Acuña Andrés 
Published: March 2023

La presente investigación centra sus esfuerzos en el análisis de la sentencia ecuatoriana N ° 1967-14-EP/20, emitida por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, la cual infiere de forma específica en la aplicación del Modelo de Toulmin como factor predominante en los requisitos que deben contener las demandas de Acción Extraordinaria de Protección para su debida admisión en el máximo organismo. La metodología empleada se apega a un orden de tipo teórico – descriptivo de tipo documental, donde las bases doctrinarias empleadas determinan la estructura del documento, De manera final, para brindar una dimensión práctica a la investigación, se llevó a cabo la propuesta del esquema que se plantea para la correcta argumentación de la Acción Extraordinaria de Protección en el Ecuador, buscando mejorar el ejercicio de los profesionales del Derecho en el Ecuador. En conclusión, el Modelo de Toulmin se presenta como una lógica pero no tradicional, y se reconoce como un procedimiento de origen más práctico, operativo o aplicado en el que se puede tomar la jurisprudencia como fundamento objetivo, dejando de lado la esencia matemática convencional.
Palabras clave: Admisibilidad, Acción Extraordinaria de Protección, Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, Modelo de Toulmin, Sentencia N ° 1967-14-EP/20
Biodegradación del plástico con larvas de insecto Tenebrio molitor como contribución interdisciplinar a la biotecnología a la biotecnología medioambiental
Authors: Cunguan Jomely , Rojas Lizbeth , Morocho Tatiana , Arcos Betsabe , Ortoz Caroline 
Published: March 2023

Pollution is the greatest human impact on the planet, that is, the environment is made up of natural and artificial elements, their physical, chemical, biological, social and cultural activities and their respective relationships. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the biodegradation of plastics, from larvae of the Tenebrio molitor beetle, as a contribution to the teaching of environmental biotechnology. Basically, the execution of this project was based on 3 stages. The characterization of Tenebrio molitor larvae, the rearing of the larvae and the quantification of the capacity to biodegrade plastic. The results obtained were, they found that sample 1 (M1) had a specific biomass productivity of 6.6 grams while sample 2 (M2) a specific productivity of 2.3 grams was recorded and managed to show a change in terms of color and the amount of feces. Finally, the biodegradation of polystyrene influences the production of compost, benefiting the consumption of plastic.
keywords : Biodegradation, Plastic, Tenebrio molitor, Environmental biotechnology, larvae.
Perspectivas de comercialización de cerveza artesanal como producto gastronómico en la ciudad de Manta, Ecuador.
Authors: Velásquez Campozano Manuel Rolando , Montilla Pacheco Argenis de Jesús , Cevallos Barberán Leydy María 
Published: March 2023

En el sector turismo existe una amplia variedad de productos gastronómicos que forma parte del conjunto de alimentos y bebidas que se ofertan en un determinado destino. Los consumidores, ante esa diversidad observan muy bien las características del producto que desean adquirir, incluso en bebidas de alto consumo, como la cerveza. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las perspectivas y potencialidades que tiene la cerveza artesanal entre los turistas y los residentes de la ciudad de Manta, para ello se realizó una encuesta a una muestra conformada por 334 individuos de diferentes edades. Los resultados revelan una perspectiva favorable acerca de las posibilidades de incorporar la referida bebida como parte de la oferta gastronómica local, así como importantes niveles de exigencia del cliente en cuanto a la calidad y presentación del producto. Se concluye que la cerveza artesanal tiene buena aceptación entre el grupo de sujetos que fueron encuestados.
Palabras clave: cerveza; consumo; encuesta, gastronomía; Manabí
La litigación penal oral en la defensa técnica del procesado en delitos de microtráfico de drogas
Authors: Balladares Carmen , Gavilanes Domínguez Christian Danilo 
Published: March 2023

El problema se configura porque hay insumos teóricos y doctrinarios, que se pueden aplicar a la defensa y que versan específicamente sobre el delito de tráfico de drogas en mínima escala, como es el caso de la atipicidad por el incumplimiento de los elementos objetivos del tipo penal, las causas de exclusión de tipicidad o error de tipo, inclusive causas de exculpación. Al no tomarse en cuenta estos insumos, no se podría asesorar efectivamente a la persona procesada, con relación a las ventajas o desventajas para que se someta al procedimiento abreviado, esto lleva a que no permite configurar una defensa técnica eficiente para que los defensores y/o abogados en libre ejercicio, puedan desenvolverse en la dinámica de la litigación penal. El objetivo principal del presente análisis se enmarca bajo la consigna de establecer al Modelo de defensa estratégica de litigación penal para delitos de tráfico de mínima escala de drogas. Las principales interrogantes que surgen dentro del estudio se asocian: ¿Cuáles son los fundamentos doctrinarios que se pueden manejar respecto de los delitos de tráfico de drogas en mínima escala?; ¿Cuáles son los elementos que configuran un modelo de estrategia de defensa en litigación oral? El presente documento científico, se determina en un orden teórico descriptivo de carácter documental, puesto que en este proceso se ha llevado a cabo una indagación, estructuración, tratamiento de la información y un escrutinio de varios documentos electrónicos y bibliografía respecto de la litigación penal, con el fin de crear un modelo y materializarlo en la práctica, con el fin de alcanzar una eficiente defensa técnica en cuanto a los delitos de tráfico de drogas en mínima escala. En cuanto a los resultados, se determina que la teoría del caso, es el factor principal que determinará el éxito del juicio. Esto por cuanto, el proceso penal es uno de conocimiento, es decir, conforme van avanzando sus etapas, se obtienen vestigios, evidencias, elementos de convicción, y prueba que permitirán arribar a una verdad procesal. Esta última permite identificar las circunstancias del hecho punible, u objeto de investigación, la identidad de los autores, y demás aspectos propios de la investigación penal.
Palabras clave: Litigación penal, juicio oral, prueba, teoría del delito, modelo de litigación.
Production and Purification of Laccase enzyme by Trichoderma viride
Authors: Mohsen Liqaa Y. , Lilo Rafal Ahmed , Alwan Zeena Hadi Obaid , Al-Mamoori Ayad M.J 
Published: March 2023

The ability of Trichoderma viride to synthesize extracellular enzymes (Lacase enzyme) using a substrate that contains media was examined. This isolate generated laccase at its greatest level (0.166U/ml) in liquid medium. This study was demonstrated the production, purification, and characterisation of the laccase enzyme from T.viride. The results showed that 96 hours was the optimum period of time for Laccase to incubate from this fungus. Laccase displayed the maximum level of activity at pH 4.5 and temperature 30 °C. The results revealed that the best ratio for laccase precipitation was 90% by using ammonium sulphate. In addition, for the purification of laccase enzyme, one peak of Laccase was appeared in gel filtration purified from T.viride, while 2 peaks of Laccase were seen in ion exchange chromatography. According to the findings, the molecular weight of T. viride Laccase using SDS-PAGE was roughly 66KD under denaturation conditions.
Pancasila Karakter Khas Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Yuliatin Yuliatin 
Published: March 2023

Realitas kehidupan bangsa Indoenesia menujukkan adanya degradasi nilai-nilai Pancasila sebagai karaktaer bangsa Indonesia. Kondisi ini tentunya sangat penting diperhatikan guna membangun kesadaran bangsa Indonesia akan jati diri/karakter khas bangsa Indoenesia yaitu Pancasila. Berkenaan dengan hal itu, penulis sudah melakukan penelitian yang tujuannya adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan hakikat Pancasila bagi bangsa Indonesia, (2) mendeskripsikan nilai karakter dalam sila Pancasila. Penelitian yang sudah dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitaif yang dilakukan melalui studi Pustaka. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui sumber yakni jurnal, buku dan situs internet yang tentunya memuat substansi yang relevan dengan fokus penelitian. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data berupa daftar check-list klasifikasi bahan penelitian, format catatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan peta/skema penulisan. Data selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan teknik Content Analysis (analisis isi). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa: (1) hakikat Pancasila bagi bangsa Indonesia adalah sebagi karakter khas bagi seluruh bangsa Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan, dalam sila Pancasila terdapat nilai-nilai karakter luhur yang dipraktikkan oleh nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia yang kemudian menjadi cita-cita/tujuan/harapan untuk dapat diwujudkan menjadi karakter bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia, baik untuk masa sekarang, maupun di masa mendatang, (2) Dalam seluruh sila Pancasila, terkandung nilai karakter yang menjadi kekhasan bagi bangsa Indonesia. Dalam sila pertama Pancasila memuat nilai religius dan juga nilai toleransi dalam keberagaman agama. Dalam sila kedua Pancasila, terkandung nilai karakter sebagai perwujudan sifat adil dan beradab dalam seluruh dimensi kehidupan manusia. Dalam sila ketiga Pancasila, terkandung nilai karakter yaitu nasionalisme dan kecintaan pada tanah air. Dalam sila keempat Pancasila, memuat nilai karakter yaitu demokratis. Dalam sila kelima Pancasila, memuat nilai karakter, yaitu peduli sosial.
Data Analytics of an Information System Based on a Markov Decision Process and a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process
Authors: Wang Lidong , Mosher Reed L. , Falls Terril C. , Duett Patti 
Published: March 2023

Data analytics of an information system is conducted based on a Markov decision process (MDP) and a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) in this paper. Data analytics over a finite planning horizon and an infinite planning horizon for a discounted MDP is performed, respectively. Value iteration (VI), policy iteration (PI), and Q-learning are utilized in the data analytics for a discounted MDP over an infinite planning horizon to evaluate the validity of the MDP model. The optimal policy to minimize the total expected cost of states of the information system is obtained based on the MDP. In the analytics for a discounted POMDP over an infinite planning horizon of the information system, the effects of various parameters on the total expected cost of the information system are studied.
Authors: Abriyah Abriyah , Rini Candra Puspita , Zuliani Rizki , Hartantri Saktian Dwi , Amaliyah Aam 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the significant differences in the ability to think inductive science between students who are given CLIS (Children Learning In Science) learning models with students who are given conventional learning. The sample studied consisted of 30 experimental class students and 30 control class students. before it is given to the research object, the instrument test is done first, namely the validity and reliability test with 20 valid essay questions. Before the data analysis required normality test with Chi Square test (2) obtained 2 count = 38.41> 2 tables = 7.815 and control class 2 count = 39.55 <2 tables = 7.815, then H0 was accepted by normal samples. As well as Homogeneity test with pretest data Fcount = 2.128> Ftabel 1.850 and posttest data Fcount 0.875> Ftabel 1.850 it is a t-test with a significance level α = 0.05. For pretest data tcount = 2.049 <table 2.45 means that H0 is accepted. Posttest tcount = 0.252> ttable = 2.045. Then H0 is rejected H0 is accepted. It can be concluded from the results of hypothesis testing that there are significant differences in the application of the CLIS (Children Learning In Science) learning model to the Students' Inductive Thinking Ability in Science Learning for Class V Students of SD Pakuhaji II Elementary School Pakuhaji District Tangerang
Contrasting Tanzanian and Italian Perspectives on Motherhood and Mothering
Authors: Mabilia Mara 
Published: March 2023

This report reflects on, and contrasts, gender in Italy and among the Wagogo of Tanzania with regard to two distinct concepts: motherhood and mothering. In both realities women are under scrutiny: particularly, their bodies are seen as the vessels of their reproductive capacity and the locus of their sexual activity. Among the Wagogo as well as in Italy women’s sexuality and reproductive potential are subjected to social control which seems to ignore a fundamental consideration—and its implications: a woman is first of all a person.

Keywords: Italy, maternity, motherhood, mothering, Wagogo
Kinship, Migrations and the State
Authors: Fonseca Claudia , Jardim Denise 
Published: March 2023

Anthropologists have long studied ‘exotic’ kinship patterns in distant places that differedfrom what was seen as the traditional nuclear family. The second half of the twentiethcentury witnessed a number of changes (new patterns of birth and marriage, new reproductive technologies, the increased visibility of step- and adoptive elations) that changed scholars’ perceptions, convincing them that the traditional—even in Europe and North America—was no longer a helpful concept in understanding contemporary family dynamics. Accordingly, anthropologists reformulated their analytical tools to take stock of the variety of contemporary understandings of family life, placing the emphasis not on sexual procreation and blood connections, but on an enduring sentiment of diffuse solidarity: relatedness (Carsten 2000).
Religious Education, Smoking Laws and Islamic Organisations with Mosque Worshipers Smoking Behaviour
Authors: Marpaung Watni 
Published: March 2023

<div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>There are differences in fatwas about smoking by Islamic organizations, which will impact worshipers' smoking behavior. Behaviors like smoking will be linked to internal factors like being part of an Islamic group, getting religious education, and knowing about the smoking law.</em> <em>Smoking is an activity carried out by many people in Indonesia. Even though smoking is dangerous to health, it is triggering non-communicable diseases, which cause an increase in disability and death. <em>This study follows a cross-sectional design by interviewing 530 Muslims who have prayed in the mosque for the last 14 days. This study used a pre-prepared closed questionnaire. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were carried out using JAPS 16 software. The results of this study show that people with religious education are less likely to smoke (12.1% at boarding schools and 36.7% at madrasah aliyah). Mosque worshipers who think smoking has a haram law tend never to smoke (34.1%), while among those who view smoking as a makruh law, many still smoke (4%). The results of this study indicate that Muhammadiyah organizations tend never to smoke (5.8%), Salafi organizations tend not to smoke (1.7%), and Nahdatul Ulama organizations tend not to smoke (80.8%). Many members of the Nahdatul Ulama organization still smoke cigarettes (5.5%). There is a strong link between smoking and things that happen on the inside, like religious education, smoking laws, and Islamic groups. Islamic organizations and smoking laws are factors that have an impact on the smoking behavior of mosque congregations.</em></em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>
Management of dynamic cervical kyphosis with dorsal epidural lipomatosis: a Hirayama disease variant? Illustrative case
Authors: Kundishora Adam J. , Reeves Benjamin C. , Moreno-De-Luca Andres , Hong Christopher S. , Robert Stephanie M. , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Tuason Dominick , DiLuna Michael L. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Hirayama disease, a cervical myelopathy characterized most commonly by a self-limiting atrophic weakness of the upper extremities, is a rare entity, scarcely reported in the literature. Diagnosis is made by spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which typically shows loss of normal cervical lordosis, anterior displacement of the cord during flexion, and a large epidural cervical fat pad. Treatment options include observation or cervical immobilization by collar or surgical decompression and fusion.

OBSERVATIONS
Here, the authors report an unusual case of a Hirayama-like disease in a young White male athlete who presented with rapidly progressive paresthesia in all 4 extremities and no weakness. Imaging showed characteristic findings of Hirayama disease as well as worsened cervical kyphosis and spinal cord compression in cervical neck extension, which has not previously been reported. Two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and posterior spinal fusion improved both cervical kyphosis on extension and symptoms.

LESSONS
Given the disease’s self-limiting nature, and a lack of current reporting, there remains no consensus on how to manage these patients. Such findings presented here demonstrate the potentially heterogeneous MRI findings that can be observed in Hirayama disease and emphasize the utility of aggressive surgical management in young, active patients whereby a cervical collar may not be tolerated.
Compartment syndrome associated with vascular avulsion caused by transradial access in neurointervention for unruptured intracranial aneurysm: illustrative case
Authors: Fuga Michiyasu , Tanaka Toshihide , Tachi Rintaro , Tomoto Kyoichi , Okawa Shun , Ishibashi Toshihiro , Hasegawa Yuzuru , Murayama Yuichi 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Transradial access (TRA) has a lower risk of access-site complications than transfemoral access but can cause major puncture-site complications, including acute compartment syndrome (ACS).

OBSERVATIONS
The authors report a case of ACS associated with radial artery avulsion after coil embolization via TRA for an unruptured intracranial aneurysm. An 83-year-old woman underwent embolization via TRA for an unruptured basilar tip aneurysm. Following embolization, strong resistance was felt during removal of the guiding sheath due to vasospasm of the radial artery. One hour after neurointervention via TRA, the patient complained of severe pain in the right forearm, with motor and sensory disturbance of the first 3 fingers. The patient was diagnosed with ACS causing diffuse swelling and tenderness over the entire right forearm due to elevated intracompartmental pressure. The patient was successfully treated by decompressive fasciotomy of the forearm and carpal tunnel release for neurolysis of the median nerve.

LESSONS
TRA operators should be aware that radial artery spasm and the brachioradial artery pose a risk of vascular avulsion and resultant ACS and warrant precautionary measures. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential because ACS can be treated without the sequelae of motor or sensory disturbance if properly addressed.
Ischemic stroke caused by spontaneous anterior circulation intracranial arterial dissections: patient series
Authors: Furst Taylor , Ellens Nathaniel R. , Bender Matthew T. , Mattingly Thomas K. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Intracranial arterial dissections (IADs) are classically associated with the vertebrobasilar system, yet are a devastating cause of ischemic stroke within the anterior circulation. Current literature regarding the surgical management of anterior circulation IAD is lacking. As a result, data on 9 patients presenting with ischemic stroke due to spontaneous anterior circulation IAD between 2019 and 2021 were collected in a retrospective manner. Symptoms, diagnostic modalities, treatment, and outcomes are presented for each case. Patients who underwent endovascular procedures had 10-minute follow-up angiography performed to identify signs of reocclusion, which prompted initiation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa therapy and stent placement.

OBSERVATIONS
Seven patients underwent emergent endovascular intervention (stenting: n = 5; thrombectomy alone: n = 2). The remaining 2 were managed medically. Two patients developed progressive flow limiting stenosis requiring further intervention, 2 developed asymptomatic progressive stenosis/occlusion with robust collateral formation and the remainder have patent vasculature upon follow up imaging at 6 to 12 months. Seven patients had a modified Rankin Scale score of 1 or less at the 3-month follow-up.

LESSONS
IAD is a devastating yet rare cause of anterior circulation ischemic stroke. The treatment algorithm proposed resulted in positive clinical and angiographic outcomes warranting future consideration and study in the emergent management of spontaneous anterior circulation IAD.
How Are the Karamojong Politically Marginalised?
Authors: Okoth Henry Okidi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The paper discusses the overlooked political marginalisation of Karamojong pastoralists in Uganda, contrary to a commonly held belief that ecological factors and pastoralism are the leading contributors to poverty and underdevelopment in Karamoja. Anchored within the theoretical strand of marginalisation, this article discusses how the actions of those operating at the centre of power perpetuate persistent poverty in Karamoja. A particular focus is placed on political representation, resource allocation and the engagement of local people in poverty eradication and development. The paper argues that the grants from central government are meagre and misguided, Karamoja is poorly and ineffectively represented at policy levels, and the local people have a limited voice in poverty alleviation and development programmes. The paper concludes that Karamoja's persistent poverty is to a great extent a product of political marginalisation. Finally, it recommends affirmative action, effective local leadership, sensitisation and involvement of local people in poverty alleviation initiatives and combating corruption in public offices.