bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of traumatic injury by demographic characteristics: an 8-year review of temporal trends from the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Tomas Carissa , Kallies Kara , Cronn Susan , Kostelac Constance , deRoon-Cassini Terri , Cassidy Laura 
Published: March 2023

Background/purposeThis 8-year retrospective study of the National Trauma Data Bank describes temporal trends of traumatic injury by mechanism of injury (MOI) by demographic characteristics from 2012 to 2019 for adult patients 18 years and older.MethodsOverall, 5 630 461 records were included after excluding those with missing demographic information and International Classification of Disease codes. MOIs were calculated as proportions of total injury by year. Temporal trends of MOI were evaluated using two-sided non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend tests for (1) all patients and (2) within racial and ethnic groups (ie, Asian, 2% of total patient sample; Black, 14%; Hispanic or Latino, 10%; Multiracial, 3%; Native American, <1%; Pacific Islander, <1%; White, 69%) and stratified by age and sex.Results/outcomesFor all patients, falls increased over time (p=0.001), whereas burn (p<0.01), cut/pierce (p<0.01), cyclist (p=0.01), machinery (p<0.001), motor vehicle transport (MVT) motorcyclist (p<0.001), MVT occupant (p<0.001) and other blunt trauma (p=0.03) injuries decreased over time. The proportion of falls increased across all racial and ethnic groups and significantly for those aged 65 and older. There were further differences in decreasing trends of MOI by racial and ethnic categories and by age groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that falls are an important injury prevention target with an ageing US population across all racial and ethnic groups. Differing injury profiles by racial and ethnic identity indicate that injury prevention efforts be designed accordingly and targeted specifically to individuals most at risk for specific MOIs.Study typeLevel I, prognostic/epidemiological.
Less Is More: Learning from Synthetic Data with Fine-Grained Attributes for Person Re-Identification
Authors: Xiang Suncheng , Qian Dahong , Guan Mengyuan , Yan Binjie , Liu Ting , Fu Yuzhuo , You Guanjie 
Published: March 2023

Person re-identification (ReID) plays an important role in applications such as public security and video surveillance. Recently, learning from synthetic data [
9
], which benefits from the popularity of the synthetic data engine, has attracted great attention from the public. However, existing datasets are limited in quantity, diversity, and realisticity, and cannot be efficiently used for the ReID problem. To address this challenge, we manually construct a large-scale person dataset named
FineGPR
with fine-grained attribute annotations. Moreover, aiming to fully exploit the potential of
FineGPR
and promote the efficient training from millions of synthetic data, we propose an attribute analysis pipeline called
AOST
based on the traditional machine learning algorithm, which dynamically learns attribute distribution in a real domain, then eliminates the gap between synthetic and real-world data and thus is freely deployed to new scenarios. Experiments conducted on benchmarks demonstrate that
FineGPR
with AOST outperforms (or is on par with) existing real and synthetic datasets, which suggests its feasibility for the ReID task and proves the proverbial
less-is-more
principle. Our synthetic
FineGPR
dataset is publicly available at
https://github.com/JeremyXSC/FineGPR
.
Competition Between Object Topology and Surface Features in Children’s Extension of Novel Nouns
Authors: Kenderla Praveen , Kim Sung-Ho , Kibbe Melissa M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objects’ topological properties play a central role in object perception, superseding objects’ surface features in object representation and tracking from early in development. We asked about the role of objects’ topological properties in children’s generalization of novel labels to objects. We adapted the classic name generalization task of Landau et al. (1988, 1992). In three experiments, we showed children (n = 151; 3–8-year-olds) a novel object (the standard) and gave the object a novel label. We then showed children three potential target objects and asked children which of the objects shared the same label as the standard. In Experiment 1, the standard object either did or did not contain a hole, and we asked whether children would extend the standard’s label to a target object that shared either metric shape or topology with the standard. Experiment 2 served as a control condition for Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, we pitted topology against another surface feature, color. We found that objects’ topology competed with objects’ surface features (both shape and color) in children’s extension of labels to novel objects. We discuss possible implications for our understanding of the inductive potential of objects’ topologies for making inferences about objects’ categories across early development.
Regional variation in the behavioral aspects of long-tailed macaques and its ecological determinants
Authors: Julianti Santi , Widayati Kanthi Arum , Tsuji Yamato 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Dietary composition and activity budgets of primate are affected by habitat characteristics. We described variations in activity budgets and dietary habits of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in various habitats, including anthropogenic habitats, through a web-based survey, and tried to find determinants of the regional variation in the behavioral aspects of macaques. The activity budgets of the macaques were stable across sites regardless of geographic, climatic, and anthropogenic characteristics, but dietary composition varied among habitats; the percentage of fruits and seeds was significantly lower at higher latitudes. The plasticity of frugivory in response to regional variations in the food environment was similar to that of macaques inhabiting temperate regions. In habitats with strong human activity, the percentage of anthropogenic foods in the macaque diet was remarkably higher, and fruits and seeds was lower than that in natural habitats. Our results suggested that macaques showed high dietary adaptability to different habitats.
Tool assisted task on touchscreen: a case study on drawing behaviour in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Martinet Lison , Sueur Cédric , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Hirata Satoshi , Morimura Naruki , Pelé Marie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Observations of drawing behaviour in chimpanzees have often focused on the completed drawings. Here, we compared drawing behaviour using fingers or tools on a touch-sensitive monitor between five chimpanzees from the Kumamoto Sanctuary (KS) and two from the Primate Research Institute (PRI), both located at Kyoto University, Japan. Regarding drawing duration, both PRI females drew relatively longer than the other, with the exception of one KS female. However, a long drawing duration did not correspond with a decrease in the number of pauses, which can be interpreted as a lack of concentration or interest. Therefore, to better understand the engagement of individuals, we recorded the time spent looking at the touchscreen. Pan, one of the two PRI females, had the longest drawing periods and spent the most time looking at the screen. We compared her with Ai, the other PRI female, to better understand their individual marking techniques and behaviours. By adapting to each one’s specific behaviour and previous experience with tool-assisted drawing on paper, we offered the females appropriate tools for making marks on the touchscreen. Our results indicate that electronic devices are not limiting in the expression of drawing behaviour. The females did not have the same drawing technique and also showed different types of engagement as motivation, which could not have been detected by only studying the completed drawings. By focusing more on the process rather than on the drawings themselves, we try to show inter-individual differences in drawing behaviour of chimpanzees and the relevance to adapt to it as experimenters.
Same-sex and immature sexual behaviour repertoire in a wild group of robust capuchin monkeys
Authors: França Ephraim A. , dos Santos Machado Pereira Felipe , Lorenzo Mariana Pauletti , Lynch Jessica W. , Orsi Mário Luis , Vidotto-Magnoni Ana Paula 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In primates, same-sex and immature sexual behaviour is widespread and can include mounting and genital presentation. These patterns can be observed in multiple social contexts and across all ages, and can serve functions such as appeasement, reconciliation, practice and dominance assertion. In this study, we investigated same-sex and immature sexual behaviour in a group of robust capuchins (Sapajus nigritus) living in an Atlantic forest fragment and urban areas. We predicted that in order to practice sex, sexual behaviour in same-sex dyads and/or dyads that included immatures would resemble the adult heterosexual repertoire for solicitation through courtship displays, mounts and post-copulatory display. We also predicted that immature individuals would engage more frequently than adults in sexual interactions, in order to practice sex. We conducted all-occurrence observations of sexual behaviour in the study group (28 individuals: four adult males, one sub-adult male, eight adult females, eight juveniles and seven infants) from September 2016 to August 2017. Sexual interactions that included at least one immature individual in the dyad and/or occurred between individuals of the same sex were infrequent (N = 52, 0.13 interactions/hour), but much more frequent than heterosexual sexual interactions between adults in the group (N = 4, 0.01 interactions/hour). The same-sex and immature sexual repertoire resembled the described heterosexual patterns for the same species from the literature. Individuals displayed solicitation behaviours in “one-way courtship”, usually followed by a two-way courtship and then mounts, but post-copulatory behaviour was never observed. Except for the alpha male, all age-sex classes engaged in sexual interactions in same-sex dyads or in dyads that included immature individuals. We found no difference in frequency of participation across age classes, however, male-male dyads engaged more frequently in sexual interactions and may be practicing sex and courtship behaviours. Mounts are unlikely to be a form of dominance assertion as the alpha male did not participate, subordinate adult males did not engage in mounts with other subordinate adult males, juveniles mounted adult males and vice versa, and there were mount switches (taking turns as mounter and mountee) regardless of the initial mounter’s age. Contrary to the post-conflict context observed in Cebus, most mounts in this study were preceded by play. Combining our study with additional evidence for the genus, same-sex mounts and mounts that include immatures seem to occur most commonly in affiliative contexts within Sapajus. Sexual behaviour functions in Sapajus require additional investigation, especially among adult males and juveniles of both sexes.
Facing Mecca from Java: Two Treatises on the Establishment of the qibla, and Their Scholarly and Social Context
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Between the 1870s and 1902, the Jakarta-based Sayyid ʽUthmān b. ʽAbd Allāh al-ʽAlawī wrote two epistles on the correct establishment of the qibla. Questions on the qibla and, controversially, on correcting the faulty direction of prayer in several mosques in Southeast Asia, surfaced in the late 18th century and reappeared periodically until well into the 20th century. Seeking to change the established qibla of a mosque represented not only a strong claim to religious authority, but also a direct assault on the legitimacy of local religious leaders. Thus, Sayyid ʽUthmān’s epistles were aimed not only at cementing his scholarly status, but also at intervening in the social cleavages of the time. This contribution will analyze the author’s two treatises on the qibla and situate them within their scholarly and social context.
The ‘Mistaken Identity Hypothesis’ for shark bites on humans is an anthropomorphic fallacy
Authors: Clua Eric E.G. , Meyer Carl G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Mistaken Identity Hypothesis (MIH) interprets shark bites on surfers, swimmers and snorkelers as ‘mistakes’ stemming primarily from similarities in the visual appearance of ocean users and the sharks typical prey. MIH is now widely accepted as fact by the general public and some sections of the scientific community despite remaining unproven. This hypothesis assumes that ‘mistaken’ shark bites on humans result primarily from confusing visual cues and ignores the important role of other senses (e.g. hearing) in discriminating potential prey. A far simpler ‘natural exploration’ hypothesis can reasonably explain not only shark bites that have been characterized as ‘mistaken identity’ events but also those that cannot be reasonably explained by MIH (e.g. shark bites that occur in very clear water). Simply stated, sharks don’t make ‘mistakes’ but instead continually explore their environments and routinely investigate novel objects as potential prey by biting them.
Method and Methodology in the Study of Religion: Making Sense of the Diversity
Authors: Peedu Indrek 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Issues of method and methodology continue to occupy center-stage with no shortage of attempts to decisively lay out the correct meanings and spheres of relevance for both concepts. Here, first of all, the focus will be on charting, describing and analyzing the whole variety of meanings these concepts have acquired in the study of religion. Secondly, some of the noteworthy attempts to make sense of the diversity of meanings will be discussed. And thirdly, I will propose and explain a three-dimensional model that I consider more helpful both for describing as well as for analyzing the whole discussion than any of the current proposals. Importantly, this model also makes it easier to highlight substantial similarities with certain other topics and discussions which are oftentimes not using the concept of method(ology) at all, but which should nonetheless be seen as discussing the same general issues.
Attached Critique: Paranoid and Reparative Studies of Religion
Authors: Woodward Tommy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, I examine debates about the relationship between critique and normativity in the study of religion. One position in this debate bars the critic from any involvement in normative claims; the other finds that critique fails to achieve the detached status necessary for nonnormative argumentation. I turn to parallel discussions concerning the critical and postcritical found in literary scholarship, particularly Sedgwick (2003 [1997]; 2007) and Felski (2015), to suggest a path forward. Where Felski proposes a rejection of critique on account of its failed production of detachment, Sedgwick maintains the usefulness of critique for specific goals. I argue that critique is always already normative. Its effectiveness at communicating and promoting the normative claims that already motivate it requires an attached critic, who cannot imagine themself at a distance from the situations they analyze.
Fatty acids for insect species remain constant: A case study of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)
Authors: Shah Vivek , Pande Rachna , Verma Pooja , Prabhulinga T. , Madhu T.N. , Gokte-Narkhedkar Nandini , Waghmare Vijay N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) originates from South Asia and has spread across major cotton-growing regions. The pest is considered to be the most destructive and of economic concern across the globe. In India, the pest has developed resistance to dual Bt toxins and its concealed feeding nature makes the target sites almost inaccessible for the insecticide. In view of this issue, there is need to identify a suitable alternative for its management. In this context, semiochemicals serve as one of the best eco-friendly options. These chemical substances or mixtures broadcast messages for the purpose of communication. Semiochemicals may be released from eggs, faecal pellets, tarsal segments, scales, anal tufts and/or any insect components that reduce the intra/interspecific competition for shared resources such as food, mating, oviposition site etc. Accurate identification of the semiochemical compounds and their proportion in natural blends that arouse a strong behavioural response in insects, requires a thorough knowledge. Therefore in the present study, we tried to explore the chemicals present in eggs, faecal pellets and whole-body wash extracts of mated female. Seven compounds were identified from a methanolic extract of faecal-pellet samples, namely hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid and their methyl esters along with methyl stearate. However, only four methyl-esterified forms were found in common in eggs and female body wash extract. This clearly shows that the compounds remain constant and conserved for the species but the role of these compounds needs to be demonstrated.
Jesus as ‘Rabbi/Rabbouni’ and Mark’s Use of Aramaic as Messianic Code Language
Authors: Verman Mark 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Jesus is referred to as Rabbi or Rabbouni on four occasions in Mark. Most scholars assume that it was a commonplace term during Jesus’ lifetime and it is a Hebrew synonym for Teacher. It will be posited that it was not in use during the early decades of the first century ce and that it is actually an Aramaic term utilized by Mark and endowed with a messianic valence. This will be viewed within the context of Mark’s agenda of obfuscating the true identity of Jesus and employing Aramaic as a code language. Both Bartimaeus’ petition and Judas’ betrayal of Jesus will also be viewed from this perspective.
Apostasy and Freedom of Choosing to Leave Religion
Authors: Mantsinen Teemu T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article discusses the possibility and consequences of the idea, concept, and discourses of freedom and free choice in apostasy. The issue is explored from theoretical perspectives of discrepancy, rational choice, and free will and grounded with examples from original research on Finnish ex-Pentecostals and comparison to previous research on apostasy. The article claims that even though our choices are influenced and our freedom is limited by our personal attributes, personal and social environments, and backgrounds, the subjective assertion, belief, and experience of freedom is essential to apostates’ wellbeing and new identity.
Qu’est-ce que les logoi philosophoi?
Authors: Vesperini Pierre 
Published: March 2023

Résumé
Cet article présente pour la première fois une étude exhaustive d’un pratique de savoir fondamentale de l’Antiquité hellénistique et romaine : la pratique des logoi philosophoi, « discours » puisés à cette immense réserve de savoir encyclopédique qu’était la philosophia (qui était donc loin de se réduire à l’image « disciplinaire » que nous en avons aujourd’hui). L’examen des sources permet de dégager trois grands usages de ces logoi : un usage épidictique (où les logoi servent à « faire montre » de son savoir dans le cadre d’une conférence-spectacle) ; un usage éthique (où les logoi servent à « rester droit ») ; un usage social (où les logoi servent à « être ensemble »).
Muslims and the Religious Other
Authors: Kolb Jonas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For many years, media and political discourses in Austria have claimed that the Muslim population rarely takes pluralist positions, but instead adopts a negative attitude towards other faiths and people of another religion. The Islamist terror act that took place in Vienna on 2 November 2020 fuelled this stereotype. In order to approach this debate objectively, this article examines Muslims’ attitudes towards the religious other in an evidence-based manner. For this purpose, an empirical data set has been reprocessed and reanalysed. The present article reveals the ways in which exclusivist, inclusivist and pluralist attitudes are taken by Muslims; which religious schemes they prefer; and how they interact with non-Muslims in their social environments. In this way, the article sheds light on the diversity of Muslims’ positions regarding the religious other and people of another faith; the impact of contextual conditions; and the role of media and its reception.
In Front of God, Next to the Neighbours
Authors: Cetin Önder 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article presents how emotions contribute to the construction of self-images by shaping perceptions of particular problems that arise during cultural encounters, as described in Turkish instruction textbooks in Germany. I argue that textbooks serve as key information and emotion entrepreneurs, generating emotional resources to shape particular understandings of problems while constructing self-image(s) in transgenerational and transcultural contexts during these encounters between heritage- and mainstream-cultures. A critical discourse analysis of narratives depicting how they were considered as a challenge to the socio-cultural belonging of the actors of heritage culture would highlight textbooks’ representative role as agents of social change through the adoption of specific discursive components and strategies. In addition to research on emotions and textbooks, the analysis would contribute to the study of religion by demonstrating how debates referring to religious reasoning can be approached as social issues perceived and conceptualized through an emotional framework attached to socio-cultural belonging.
The Journey of Nudsugana
Authors: Romero Vidal Nuria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Världskulturmuseet in Gothenburg (Sweden) has a unique archaeological and ethnographic collection of the Gunadule people (Panama) which has its origins in the late 19th century. Standing out in this collection are the wooden sculptures generally known as nudsugana. Carved into anthropomorphic and zoomorphic forms by the Gunadule communities, the nudsugana embody the properties of the trees, humanizing them without changing their nature. A large number of them travelled across the Atlantic Ocean with the Swedish anthropologist Erland Nordenskiöld in 1927 to become part of what was then the Gothenburg Ethnographic Museum. Many others came later, up until the 1970s; today there are over one hundred of them. Some of these carvings have been studied to explore all the possibilities offered by multidisciplinary analysis. In this paper, we explain the methodology used in this study and the first results of what the nusdsugana can tell us about the people, forests, and trees they stem from.