bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the usefulness of VividTrac and classic Macintosh laryngoscope in intubation in pediatric patients with cleft palate
Authors: Taman Hani I. , Ramadan Tarek Habeeb , Elshahawy Mohamed E. , Farid Ahmed M. , Elawady Mostafa S. , Elfayomy Sherif I. , Saber Hosam I. El Said 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Surgical repair for pediatric patients with cleft palate is performed under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation. However, intubating these cases is usually difficult because of the cleft itself and associated airway abnormalities. VividTrac, a video laryngoscopy that could provide a real-time picture of the glottic area, could be helpful in these cases.

Methods
We conducted the current prospective investigation to compare VividTrac and conventional Macintosh laryngoscope in intubating pediatric patients with cleft palate.

Results
All patient demographics did not express significant differences between the two groups. The number of trials and the first trial success rate were in favor of group L. The former had mean values of 1.28 and 1.05, while the latter occurred in 81.4% and 97.7% of patients in groups L and V, respectively. Group V showed a significant increase in the time interval passing between mouth opening and connecting the tube with the ventilator.
Nonetheless, the difficulty of intubation was increased in group L. The need for cricoid pressure and tube introducer was increased in group L.

Conclusions
VividTrac laryngoscope could be a valid and more suitable option for intubation in pediatric patients with cleft palate. Compared to the conventional laryngoscope, it has a higher success rate, lower attempt number, and lower need for assisting maneuvers.
Adolescents, self-perception versus oral hygiene
Authors: Robo Ilma , Heta Saimir , Kapaj Sonila , Llanaj Mario , Ostreni Vera 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Oral hygiene is the individual approach to mechanical actions performed properly with the right elements at predetermined time intervals. This information is reflected in an almost illogical and very understandable way to children aged 3–6 years, who conceive the whole procedure as something advised by the parent. In teenage patients, this procedure is considered to be learned by now and turned into a routine of individual hygiene.

Methods
The primary aim of the study involved the comparison of residual cross-sectional data with retrograde data. Retrograde data are data collected about oral hygiene, in 2010, among children of a state kindergarten. So the data collected in 2010 were reprocessed to compare them with the data collected in 2020 through questionnaires for exactly the same current age group of 9–14 years, but after 10 years.

Results
The impact of filling and decayed teeth is reflected in the appearance and self-esteem of the adolescent’s age expressed in percentage was about 36%. Prevention of caries and periodontal diseases by means of oral hygiene is evaluated positively in 58% of cases. Students aware of the dentist’s role in identifying dental diseases that can have an impact on the systemic health of the organism are 85%, and the answers for impact and lack of connection reach 15%.

Conclusions
A significant improvement is observed in the awareness of oral hygiene and the care exercised to achieve it properly during the 10-year time interval. This improvement is recorded with distinct numerical values in this study.
A successful case of left bundle branch area pacing using stylet-driven pacing leads with a steerable delivery sheath in patients with structural heart disease
Authors: Jeong Hyung Ki , Kim Sung Soo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has emerged as a novel form of physiological pacing. However, few physicians have used stylet-driven pacing leads with a steerable delivery sheath for left fascicular bundle pacing.

Case presentation
A 75-year-old man with a history of heart valve surgery and atrial fibrillation arrived at the emergency department complaining of exertional dyspnea and general weakness. Twelve-lead electrocardiography showed atrial fibrillation with regular RR intervals with escape beats of 41 beats per minutes, which suggested complete atrioventricular block. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed global hypokinesia and a huge atrium. Given the impaired left ventricular (LV) function and the deleterious effects of right ventricular apical pacing, conduction system pacing was attempted. Mapping of His bundle and left bundle potential using a steerable delivery sheath was attempted; however, it did not appear prominent. Several attempts to deploy the lead failed because the sheath was malpositioned such that the lead could not move perpendicularly. Reshaping the sheath allowed for an extended reach so that the pacing lead could be positioned inferior to the previously attempted site toward the apex, deep inside the septum, where the distal left septal fascicle was captured rather than the left bundle branch trunk. During the 6-month follow-up period, the patient was free of any symptoms. Capture threshold and sensing value were stable and follow-up echocardiography showed slightly improved LV function.

Conclusions
Left fascicular bundle pacing may be an alternative strategy when conventional pacing using stylet-driven pacing leads with a steerable delivery sheath fails to capture the left branch bundle in patients with challenging anatomy.
Genome-wide mapping of gene-microbe interactions in the murine lung microbiota based on quantitative microbial profiling
Authors: Chung C. J. , Hermes B. M. , Gupta Y. , Ibrahim S. , Belheouane Meriem , Baines John F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMammalian lungs comprise a complex microbial ecosystem that interacts with host physiology. Previous research demonstrates that the environment significantly contributes to bacterial community structure in the upper and lower respiratory tract. However, the influence of host genetics on the makeup of lung microbiota remains ambiguous, largely due to technical difficulties related to sampling, as well as challenges inherent to investigating low biomass communities. Thus, innovative approaches are warranted to clarify host-microbe interactions in the mammalian lung.ResultsHere, we aimed to characterize host genomic regions associated with lung bacterial traits in an advanced intercross mouse line (AIL). By performing quantitative microbial profiling (QMP) using the highly precise method of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), we refined 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based traits to identify and map candidate lung-resident taxa using a QTL mapping approach. In addition, the two abundant core taxaLactobacillusandPelomonaswere chosen for independent microbial phenotyping using genus-specific primers. In total, this revealed seven significant loci involving eight bacterial traits. The narrow confidence intervals afforded by the AIL population allowed us to identify several promising candidate genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, cell apoptosis, DNA repair, and lung functioning and disease susceptibility. Interestingly, one genomic region associated withLactobacillusabundance contains the well-known anti-inflammatory cytokineIl10, which we confirmed through the analysis ofIl10knockout mice.ConclusionsOur study provides the first evidence for a role of host genetic variation contributing to variation in the lung microbiota. This was in large part made possible through the careful curation of 16S rRNA gene amplicon data and the incorporation of a QMP-based methods. This approach to evaluating the low biomass lung environment opens new avenues for advancing lung microbiome research using animal models.Graphical Abstract
Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Mismatch Repair-Proficient Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Ranganathan Megha , Sacca Rosalba E. , Trottier Magan , Maio Anna , Kemel Yelena , Salo-Mullen Erin , Catchings Amanda , Kane Sarah , Wang Chiyun , Ravichandran Vignesh , Ptashkin Ryan , Mehta Nikita , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Weiser Martin R. , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Berger Michael F. , Mandelker Diana , Walsh Michael F. , Carlo Maria , Liu Ying L. , Cercek Andrea , Yaeger Rona , Saltz Leonard , Segal Neil H. , Mendelsohn Robin B. , Markowitz Arnold J. , Offit Kenneth , Shia Jinru , Stadler Zsofia K. , Latham Alicia 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE Lynch syndrome (LS)–associated colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by mismatch repair-deficiency (MMR-D) and/or microsatellite instability (MSI). However, with increasing utilization of germline testing, MMR-proficient (MMR-P) and/or microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC has also been observed. We sought to characterize MMR-P/MSS CRC among patients with LS. METHODS Patients with solid tumors with germline MMR pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were identified on a prospective matched tumor-normal next-generation sequencing (NGS) protocol. CRCs were evaluated for MMR-D via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and/or MSI via NGS. Clinical variables were correlated with MMR status using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Among 17,617 patients with solid tumors, 1.4% (n = 242) had LS. A total of 36% (86 of 242) of patients with LS had at least one CRC that underwent NGS profiling, amounting to 99 pooled CRCs assessed. A total of 10% (10 of 99) of CRCs were MMR-P, with 100% concordance between MSS status and retained MMR protein staining. A total of 89% (8 of 9) of patients in the MMR-P group had MSH6 or PMS2 variants, compared with 30% (23 of 77) in the MMR-D group ( P = .001). A total of 46% (6 of 13) of PMS2+ patients had MMR-P CRC. The median age of onset was 58 and 43 years for MMR-P and MMR-D CRC, respectively ( P = .07). Despite the later median age of onset, 40% (4 of 10) of MMR-P CRCs were diagnosed <50. A total of 60% (6 of 10) of MMR-P CRCs were metastatic compared with 13% (12 of 89) of MMR-D CRCs ( P = .002). A total of 33% (3 of 9) of patients with MMR-P CRC did not meet LS testing criteria. CONCLUSION Patients with LS remained at risk for MMR-P CRC, which was more prevalent among patients with MSH6 and PMS2 variants. MMR-P CRC was later onset and more commonly metastatic compared with MMR-D CRC. Confirmation of tumor MMR/MSI status is critical for patient management and familial risk estimation.
Substratum wettability and charge influence the spreading of Dictyostelium amoebae and the formation of ultrathin cytoplasmic lamellae
Authors: Gingell David , Vince Sheila 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum attach and spread on strongly hydrophobic methylated glass and polystyrene as well as the hydrophilic surfaces of clean glass, polylysine adsorbed on glass and acid-treated polystyrene.
On polylysine-treated glass, spreading is rapid and the edges of the fully spread cells withdraw, forming a wide ∼ 0·1 μm thick lamella, which gives a very dark image in the interference reflection microscope. The optical properties of the lamella have been analysed in detail using finite aperture theory and can be distinguished from dark images generated by a small aqueous cell-substratum separation. The formation of the lamella is discussed in terms of the mechanics of cell movement.
The Isopropylation of Naphthalene over H-MCM22 (MWW): The Formation of Triisopropylnaphthalenes
Authors: Sugi Yoshihiro , Joseph Stalin , Indirathankam Sathish Clastinrusselraj , Yang Jae-Hun , Ramadass Kavitha , Tabish Ahmad , Nimisha Naroth P , Ayyamperumal Sakthivel , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The isopropylation of naphthalene (NP) was carried out over H-MCM-22 (MWW), and the isomer distribution of the isopropylates: isopropylnaphthalene (IPN) diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN), triisopropylnaphthalene (TriIPN), and tetraisopropyl-naphthalene (TetIPN) was investigated. The catalytic results revealed that MWW is very active for their formation of the isopropylates at the reaction temperatures of 175–300 °C. This rapid formation of DIPN, TriIPN, and TetIPN isomers is considered to occur by multi-step isopropylation of NP during one stay on the catalytic site cooperating with the neighbor propene adsorbed sites. TriIPN isomers were the predominant products. Among them, α,β,β-TriIPN (1,3,6- and 1,3,7-) was obtained as major isomers, which are principally formed from α,β- and β,β-DIPN by α- and β-attacks, and α,α,β-TriIPN (1,4,6- and 1,3,5-) were formed as minor isomers. The selectivities for α,β,β-TriIPN isomers were governed by the steric configuration of the side-pockets of MWW: the pockets favored slim and stable 1,3,6- and 1,3,7-TriIPN from α,β- and β,β-DIPN, and bulky and less stable 1,3,5- and 1,4,6-TriIPN from α,α- and α,β-DIPN are disfavored by their steric restriction with side-pockets. The selectivities for TriIPN isomers were almost constant with the change of reaction factors: temperature, period, and catalyst amount. TetIPN isomers also formed in high yield, particularly, by using large amounts of the catalyst. The comparison of H-MCM-22 (MWW) with H-Y (FAU) and H-AlSBA-1 clarified the roles of the side-pockets in the isopropylation of NP.
The Value of Observing the Buyers’ Arrival Time in Dynamic Pricing
Authors: Correa José , Pizarro Dana , Vulcano Gustavo J. 
Published: June 2023

We consider a dynamic pricing problem in which a firm sells one item to a single buyer to maximize expected revenue. The firm commits to a price function over an infinite horizon. The buyer arrives at some random time with a private value for the item. He is more impatient than the seller and strategizes over the timing of the purchase in order to maximize his expected utility, which implies either buying immediately, waiting to benefit from a lower price, or not buying. We study the value of the seller’s ability to observe the buyer’s arrival time in terms of her expected revenue. When the seller can observe the buyer’s arrival, she can make the price function contingent on the buyer’s arrival time. On the contrary, when the seller can’t, her price function is fixed at time zero for the whole horizon. The value of observability (VO) is defined as the worst-case ratio between the expected revenue of the seller when she observes the buyer’s arrival and that when she does not. First, we show that, for the particular case in which the buyer’s valuation follows a monotone hazard rate distribution, the upper bound of VO is [Formula: see text]. Next, we show our main result: in a setting very general on valuation and arrival time distributions: VO is at most 4.911. To obtain this bound, we fully characterize the solution to the observable arrival problem and use this solution to construct a random and periodic price function for the unobservable case. Finally, we show by solving a particular example to optimality that VO has a lower bound of 1.136. This paper was accepted by Itai Ashlagi, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: This work was partially supported by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Chile [Grants ACT210005 and FONDECYT 1220054], and by the Center for Mathematical Modeling at the University of Chile [Grant FB210005]. The work of D. Pizarro has benefited from the Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute, which is funded by the French “Investing for the Future – PIA3” program [Grant ANR-19-P3IA-0004]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4794 .
Work Style Diversity and Diffusion Within and Across Organizations: Evidence from Soviet-Style Hockey
Authors: Amodio Francesco , Hoey Sam , Schneider Jeremy 
Published: June 2023

Does the arrival of culturally diverse workers affect the work style of incumbent workers? We examine how the large influx of Russian hockey players in the National Hockey League after 1989 affected North American–born players. The Soviet style of hockey was largely based on skilled skating, constant movement, circling, and passing. In contrast, the North American play was more individualistic and linear, with higher emphasis on physical strength and aggressive behavior. Using 50 years of data at the player-game level, we show that (i) the number of penalty minutes per game increases steadily from 1970 to 1989, but decreases thereafter; (ii) although Russian players get systematically fewer penalty minutes in and after 1989, the trend reversal is driven by North American–born players; and (iii) the number of penalty minutes per game of North American–born players decreases systematically with the number of Russian players on their team and on the opposing team. Evidence shows that the hockey style brought about by Russian players was adopted and diffused within and across North American teams and players. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations. Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4808 .
On Geometric Connections of Embedded and Quotient Geometries in Riemannian Fixed-Rank Matrix Optimization
Authors: Luo Yuetian , Li Xudong , Zhang Anru R. 
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we propose a general procedure for establishing the geometric landscape connections of a Riemannian optimization problem under the embedded and quotient geometries. By applying the general procedure to the fixed-rank positive semidefinite (PSD) and general matrix optimization, we establish an exact Riemannian gradient connection under two geometries at every point on the manifold and sandwich inequalities between the spectra of Riemannian Hessians at Riemannian first-order stationary points (FOSPs). These results immediately imply an equivalence on the sets of Riemannian FOSPs, Riemannian second-order stationary points (SOSPs), and strict saddles of fixed-rank matrix optimization under the embedded and the quotient geometries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first geometric landscape connection between the embedded and the quotient geometries for fixed-rank matrix optimization, and it provides a concrete example of how these two geometries are connected in Riemannian optimization. In addition, the effects of the Riemannian metric and quotient structure on the landscape connection are discussed. We also observe an algorithmic connection between two geometries with some specific Riemannian metrics in fixed-rank matrix optimization: there is an equivalence between gradient flows under two geometries with shared spectra of Riemannian Hessians. A number of novel ideas and technical ingredients—including a unified treatment for different Riemannian metrics, novel metrics for the Stiefel manifold, and new horizontal space representations under quotient geometries—are developed to obtain our results. The results in this paper deepen our understanding of geometric and algorithmic connections of Riemannian optimization under different Riemannian geometries and provide a few new theoretical insights to unanswered questions in the literature. Funding: X. Li was partially supported by National Key R&D Program of China [Grants 2020YFA0711900, 2020YFA0711901], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12271107, 62141407], the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST [Grant 2019QNRC001], the “Chenguang Program” by the Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [Grant 19CG02], the Shanghai Science and Technology Program [21JC1400600]. Y. Luo and A. R. Zhang were partially supported by the National Science Foundation [CAREER-2203741].
Mental health in the community: part one
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane 
Published: June 2023

Mental health issues are difficult yet common experiences. Considering that one in four people in England experience a mental health problem every year, it is essential that the community nurse has a good understanding of the different types of mental health problems faced by individuals, and be able to adequately provide care and support. In part one of a two-part series on mental health in the community, Sarah Palmer provides details on some of the more common mental health conditions, and the support that primary care can provide to individuals experiencing mental health issues.
Utility of preoperative MRI for assessing proximal fragment vascularity in scaphoid nonunion
Authors: Meaike Joshua J. , Meaike Jesse D. , Collins Mark S. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: June 2023

AimsThe benefit of MRI in the preoperative assessment of scaphoid proximal fragment vascularity remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to compare preoperative MRI findings to intraoperative bleeding of the proximal scaphoid.MethodsA retrospective review of 102 patients who underwent surgery for scaphoid nonunion between January 2000 and December 2020 at a single institution were identified. Inclusion criteria were: isolated scaphoid nonunion; preoperative MRI assessing the proximal fragment vascularity; and operative details of the vascularity of the proximal fragment with the tourniquet deflated. MRI results and intraoperative findings were dichotomized as either ‘yes’ or ‘no’ for the presence of vascularity. A four-fold contingency table was used to analyze the utility of preoperative MRI with 95% confidence intervals. Relative risk was calculated for subgroups to analyze the association between variables and MRI accuracy.ResultsPreoperative MRI identified 55 proximal scaphoid fragments with ischaemia and 47 with vascularized proximal fragments. After the proximal fragment was prepared, the tourniquet was deflated and assessed for bleeding; 63 proximal fragments had no bleeding and 39 demonstrated bleeding. MRI was not reliable or accurate in the assessment of proximal fragment vascularity when compared with intraoperative assessment of bleeding. No patient or MRI factors were identified to have a statistical impact on MRI accuracy.ConclusionCurrent preoperative MRI protocols and diagnostic criteria do not provide a high degree of correlation with observed intraoperative assessment of proximal fragment bleeding. While preoperative MRI may assist in surgical planning, intraoperative assessment remains the best means for assessing proximal fragment vascularity in scaphoid nonunion. Future efforts should focus on the development of objective measures of osseous blood flow that may be performed intraoperatively.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(6):657–662.