bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The altered hippocampal functional connectivity and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level predict cognitive decline in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Jiao , Tao Jing , Cai Guiyan , Chen Jie , Zhao Lei , Wang Yajun , Xu Shurui , Chen Ruilin , Hu Li , Cao Jin , Chen Lidian , Tu Yiheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPatients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often suffer from cognitive decline and increased dementia risk, but the neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated cognitive performance and collected brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and blood samples from cognitively normal KOA patients at baseline sessions and reevaluated their cognition after 5 years. We also collected MRI data from matched healthy controls. Results showed that KOA patients exhibited dysregulated functional connectivities between the hippocampus and thalamus/superior frontal gyrus compared with healthy controls. The altered hippocampal functional connectivities were associated with serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and spatial expression of genes enriched in synaptic plasticity. The hippocampus–thalamus functional connectivity was significantly correlated with patients’ memory scores. Moreover, the baseline hippocampus–thalamus functional connectivity and BDNF levels significantly predicted the development of cognitive decline in KOA patients in the follow-up session. Our findings provide insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of KOA and cognitive decline.
Patient perspectives on same-day discharge following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: results from a patient survey as part of the monocentric FAST AFA trial
Authors: König Sebastian , Wohlrab Lisa , Leiner Johannes , Pellissier Vincent , Nitsche Anne , Darma Angeliki , Hilbert Sebastian , Nedios Sotirios , Seewöster Timm , Dinov Borislav , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Same-day discharge (SDD) following catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) was already introduced in selected facilities in Europe, but a widespread implementation has not yet succeeded. Data on patients’ perspectives are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a survey to address patients’ beliefs towards SDD and identify variables that are associated with their evaluation.

Methods and results
As part of the prospective, monocentric FAST AFA trial, patients aged ≥20 years undergoing left atrial CA for AF were asked to participate in the survey consisting of a study-specific questionnaire, the AF knowledge scale, and pre-defined patient-reported outcome measures. The study cohort was stratified based on SDD willingness, and a logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for patients’ valuation. Between 26 July 2021 and 01 July 2022, 256 of 376 screened patients consented to study participation of whom 248 (mean age 61.8 years, 33.9% female) completed the SDD survey. Of them, 50.0% were willing to have SDD concepts integrated into their clinical course with increased patient comfort (27.5%), shorter waiting times (14.6%), and a cost-efficient treatment (14.0%) being imaginable benefits. In contrast, expressed concerns included uncertainties with occurring complaints (50.6%), the insufficient recognition (47.8%), and treatment (48.9%) of complications. European Heart Rhythm Association class at baseline and inpatient treatments within the preceding year were predictors for SDD willingness whereas comorbidity burden or AF knowledge were not.

Conclusion
We provide a detailed survey expressing patients’ beliefs towards SDD following left atrial CA. Our findings may facilitate adequate patient selection to improve the future implementation of SDD programs in suitable cohorts.
Methodologies for bacterial ribonuclease characterization using RNA-seq
Authors: Broglia Laura , Le Rhun Anaïs , Charpentier Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bacteria adjust gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through an intricate network of small regulatory RNAs and RNA-binding proteins, including ribonucleases (RNases). RNases play an essential role in RNA metabolism, regulating RNA stability, decay, and activation. These enzymes exhibit species-specific effects on gene expression, bacterial physiology, and different strategies of target recognition. Recent advances in high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approaches have provided a better understanding of the roles and modes of action of bacterial RNases. Global studies aiming to identify direct targets of RNases have highlighted the diversity of RNase activity and RNA-based mechanisms of gene expression regulation. Here, we review recent RNA-seq approaches used to study bacterial RNases, with a focus on the methods for identifying direct RNase targets.
Seismic image of the mantle transition zone beneath northeastern China: evidence for stagnant Pacific subducting slab, lithospheric delamination and mantle upwelling
Authors: Tang Zheng , Julià Jordi , Mooney Walter D , Mai Paul Martin , Yu Huazhi , Wu Yanqiang 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
We provide a comprehensive image of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath northeastern China by performing Variable Bin Radius Stacking of receiver functions. A massive seismic data set consisting of over 133 000 receiver functions recorded by 1208 broad-band stations is processed. Our results reveal fine-scale topography on the 410- and 660-km discontinuities defining the upper and lower bounds of the MTZ, lateral variations in the MTZ thickness and slab interfaces within the MTZ. In particular, unambiguous images of the slab interfaces provide direct evidence for the presence of the stagnant Pacific subducting slab below the eastern portion of the study area. A widespread deepening of the 410-km discontinuity is consistent with a hot and wet low-velocity upper mantle resulting from dehydration of the stagnant slab. Prominent depressions are evident in the depth to the 660-km discontinuity, with a thickened MTZ associated with the cold stagnating slab. Localized uplifts of the 660-km discontinuity are possibly caused by partial melt under the slab. These features attest to the influence of the Pacific plate on the MTZ. Additionally, a pronounced upwarp on the 660-km interface with a thin MTZ agrees with a previously hypothesized mantle upwelling through a slab window, possibly triggered by the sinking of the stagnant slab. Moreover, the western part of the study region is characterized by alternating ups and downs of the 410-km interface, while the topography of the 660-km discontinuity is relatively flat. We propose the western region is dominated by foundering of delaminated lithospheric blocks that induced upward mantle return flows upon entrance into the MTZ.
Impact of gastro-jejunostomy tube in lung transplant patients: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Furukawa Masashi , Chan Ernest G , Ryan John P , Coster Jenalee N , Sanchez Pablo G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
During the postoperative phase of lung transplantation, the surgical creation of a gastro-jejunostomy (GJ) may be deemed necessary for patients with severe oesophageal dysmotility, prolonged oral intake difficulties stemming from use of a ventilator or marked malnutrition. We explored the effects of postoperative GJ tube on survival and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed all lung transplants performed at our institution between 2011 and 2022. Propensity score matching was performed to match patients who required a GJ tube with control patients on a 1:1 ratio. The preoperative, operative and postoperative outcomes of the patients were evaluated.

RESULTS
After propensity score matching, 193 patients with GJ were compared to 193 patients without GJ. Patients with GJ had significantly higher rates of delayed chest closure (P = 0.007), and postoperative dialysis (P = 0.016), longer intensive care unit stays (P &lt; 0.001), longer ventilator duration (P &lt; 0.001), higher rates of pneumonia (P = 0.035) and higher rates of being treated for acute cellular rejection within 1 year of transplant (P = 0.008). Overall survival and freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome were not found to be significantly different between the matched groups (P = 0.09 and P = 0.3).

CONCLUSIONS
GJ tube placement during the postoperative phase of lung transplantation did not compromise patient survival or freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome although the results reflect more difficult and complicated cases. This study indicates that the GJ tube may be a useful option for enteral feeding.
Sets of Non-Lyapunov Behaviour for Scalar and Matrix Schrödinger Cocycles
Authors: Goldsheid Ilya , Sodin Sasha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We discuss the growth of the singular values of symplectic transfer matrices associated with ergodic discrete Schrödinger operators in one dimension, with scalar and matrix-valued potentials. While for an individual value of the spectral parameter the rate of exponential growth is almost surely governed by the Lyapunov exponents, this is not, in general, true simultaneously for all the values of the parameter. The structure of the exceptional sets is interesting in its own right, and is also of importance in the spectral analysis of the operators. We present new results along with amplifications and generalisations of several older ones, and also list a few open questions.
Here are two sample results. On the negative side, for any square-summable sequence $p_{n}$ there is a residual set of energies in the spectrum on which the middle singular value (the $W$-th out of $2W$) grows no faster than $p_{n}^{-1}$. On the positive side, for a large class of cocycles including the i.i.d. ones, the set of energies at which the growth of the singular values is not as given by the Lyapunov exponents has zero Hausdorff measure with respect to any gauge function $\rho (t)$ such that $\rho (t)/t$ is integrable at zero.
The employed arguments from the theory of subharmonic functions also yield a generalisation of the Thouless formula, possibly of independent interest: for each $k$, the average of the first $k$ Lyapunov exponents is the logarithmic potential of a probability measure.
Modelling supra-classical logic in a Boltzmann neural network: III adaptation
Authors: Blanchette Glenn , Robins Anthony 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The field of belief revision in logic is still in evolution and holds a variety of disparate approaches; a consequence of theoretical conjecture. As a probabilistic model of supra-classical, non-monotonic (SCNM) logic, the Boltzmann machine, offers an experimental gateway into the field. How does the Boltzmann network adapt to new information?
Catastrophic forgetting is the default response to retraining in any neural network. We have moderated this irrational non-monotonicity by alterations in the Boltzmann learning algorithm. The spectrum of experimental belief change is limited by the availability of ‘new’ information, a pragmatic realization co-related to the property of Rational Monotonicity in the domain of SCNM logic. Recognizing this upper boundary of defeasible belief simplifies the task of experimentally exploring machine adaptation.
A minority of belief revisions involve new, but unsurprising information, that is at least partially consistent with the previous learned beliefs. In these circumstances, the Boltzmann network incrementally adjusts the priority of model state exemplars in accordance with preference; the traditional approach in SCNM logic. However, in the majority of situations the new information will be surprisingly inconsistent with the previous beliefs. In these circumstances, the pre-order on model states stratified by preference, will not have sufficient granularity to represent the conflicting requirements of ranking based on compositional atomic typicality. This novel experimental finding has not previously been considered in the logical conjecture on Belief Revision.
Fundamental parameters of two O9-type giant stars: the (former) spectral classification standard HD 93249 A and ALS 12502 A
Authors: Ansín T , Gamen R , Morrell N I , Barbá R H , Maíz Apellániz J , Arias J I , Simón-Díaz S , Holgado G 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The evolution of massive stars is not completely understood. Several phenomena affect their birth, life, and death, multiplicity being one of them. In this context, the OWN and MONOS projects are systematically observing O- and WN-type stars whose multiplicity status is unknown. Their major goal considers the necessity of determining absolute parameters of massive stars. We have collected spectra of HD 93249 A and ALS 12502 A aiming at characterizing their binary nature. For both stars, we analysed high-resolution spectra and combined them with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations to be compared with binary models constructed by means of the phoebe code. We discovered that the radial velocity of HD 93249 A varies with a period of 2.97968 ± 0.00001 d and that the system presents ellipsoidal light variations. We disentangled the composite spectra and classified its components as O9 III and B1.5 III, respectively. Confirmed as a spectroscopic binary, HD 93249 A can no longer be used as spectral classification standard. ALS 12502 A turned out to be a detached eclipsing binary in the TESS and Gaia data. These results enable us to determine absolute parameters for each component in the system.
Star formation and chemical enrichment in protoclusters
Authors: Fukushima Keita , Nagamine Kentaro , Shimizu Ikkoh 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We examine star formation and chemical enrichment in protoclusters (PCs) using cosmological zoom-in hydrodynamic simulations. We find that the total star formation rate (SFR) in all PC ($\gt 10^{14.4}\, h^{-1}$ M⊙) reaches $\gt 10^4\, \mathrm{M}_\odot \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ at z = 3, equivalent to the observed PCs. The SFR in the Core region accounts for about 30 per cent of the total star formation in the PC at z ≳ 1, suggesting the importance of the outer regions to reveal the evolution of galaxy clusters. We find that the total SFR of PC is dominated by galaxies with stellar masses $10^{10}\, \le \, (\mathrm{M}_\star /{{\rm M}_{\odot }})\, \le \, 10^{11}$, while more massive galaxies dominate the SFR in the Core. For the chemical abundance evolution, we find that the higher-density region has a higher metallicity and faster evolution. We show that the [O/Fe] versus [Fe/H] relation turns down in the Core at z = 3.4 due to the enrichment of Fe by Type Ia supernovae. We find no environmental effects for the mass–metallicity relations (MZR) or log (N/O) versus 12 + log (O/H) for galaxies. We find that the chemical enrichment in galaxy clusters proceeds faster in the high-redshift universe (z &gt; 1). Our work will benefit future tomographic observations, particularly using PCs as unique probes of accelerated structure formation and evolution in high-density regions of the universe.
On the accretion of a new group of galaxies onto Virgo – III. The stellar population radial gradients of dEs
Authors: Bidaran Bahar , La Barbera Francesco , Pasquali Anna , van de Ven Glenn , Peletier Reynier , Falcón-Barroso Jesus , Gadotti Dimitri A , Sybilska Agnieszka , Grebel Eva K 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Using MUSE data, we investigate the radial gradients of stellar population properties (namely age, [M/H], and the abundance ratio of α elements [α/Fe]) for a sample of nine dwarf early-type (dE) galaxies with log(M⋆/M⊙) ∼ 9.0 and an infall time onto the Virgo cluster of 2–3 Gyr ago. We followed a similar approach as in Bidaran et al. to derive their stellar population properties and star formation histories (SFHs) through fitting observed spectral indices and full spectral fitting, respectively. We find that these nine dE galaxies have truncated [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H] profiles than equally massive Virgo dE galaxies with longer past infall times. Short profiles of three dE galaxies are the result of their intense star formation which has been quenched long before their accretion onto the Virgo cluster, possibly as a result of their group environment. In the remaining six dE galaxies, profiles mainly trace a recent episode of star burst within 0.4Re which results in higher light-weighted [α/Fe] values. The latter SFH peak can be due to ram pressure exerted by the Virgo cluster at the time of the accretion of the dE galaxies. Also, we show that younger, more metal-rich, and less α-enhanced stellar populations dominate their inner regions (i.e. &lt; 0.4Re) resulting in mainly flat ∇age, negative ∇[M/H], and positive ∇[α/Fe]. We find that with increasing log(σRe) of dE galaxies, ∇age and ∇[α/Fe] flatten, and the latter correlation persists even after including early-type galaxies up to log(σRe ∼ 2.5), possibly due to the more extended star formation activity in the inner regions of dEs, as opposed to more massive early-type galaxies.
The Pandora project – I. The impact of radiation, magnetic fields, and cosmic rays on the baryonic and dark matter properties of dwarf galaxies
Authors: Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Sijacki Debora , Haehnelt Martin G , Farcy Marion , Dubois Yohan , Belokurov Vasily , Rosdahl Joakim , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Enshrouded in several well-known controversies, dwarf galaxies have been extensively studied to learn about the underlying cosmology, notwithstanding that physical processes regulating their properties are poorly understood. To shed light on these processes, we introduce the Pandora suite of 17 high-resolution (3.5 parsec half-cell side) dwarf galaxy formation cosmological simulations. Commencing with magneto-thermo-turbulent star formation and mechanical supernova (SN) feedback, we gradually increase the complexity of physics incorporated, ultimately leading to our full-physics models combining magnetism, on-the-fly radiative transfer and the corresponding stellar photoheating, and SN-accelerated cosmic rays. We investigate multiple combinations of these processes, comparing them with observations to constrain what are the main mechanisms determining dwarf galaxy properties. We find hydrodynamical ‘SN feedback-only’ simulations struggle to produce realistic dwarf galaxies, leading either to overquenched or too centrally concentrated, dispersion-dominated systems when compared to observed field dwarfs. Accounting for radiation with cosmic rays results in extended and rotationally supported systems. Spatially ‘distributed’ feedback leads to realistic stellar and H i masses, galaxy sizes, and integrated kinematics. Furthermore, resolved kinematic maps of our full-physics models predict kinematically distinct clumps and kinematic misalignments of stars, H i, and H ii after star formation events. Episodic star formation combined with its associated feedback induces more core-like dark matter central profiles, which our ‘SN feedback-only’ models struggle to achieve. Our results demonstrate the complexity of physical processes required to capture realistic dwarf galaxy properties, making tangible predictions for integral field unit surveys, radio synchrotron emission, and for galaxy and multiphase interstellar medium properties that JWST will probe.
Exploring the polarization of axially symmetric supernovae with unsupervised deep learning
Authors: Maund Justyn R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The measurement of non-zero polarization can be used to infer the presence of departures from spherical symmetry in supernovae (SNe). The origin of the majority of the intrinsic polarization observed in SNe is in electron scattering, which induces a wavelength-independent continuum polarization that is generally observed to be low ($\lesssim\!\! 1{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$) for all SN types. The key indicator of asymmetry in SNe is the polarization observed across spectral lines, in particular the characteristic ‘inverse P Cygni’ profile. The results of a suite of 900 Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations are presented here. These simulations cover a range of possible axisymmetric structures (including unipolar, bipolar, and equatorial enhancements) for the line-forming region of the Ca ii infrared triplet. Using a variational auto-encoder, seven key latent parameters are learned that describe the relationship between Stokes I and q, under the assumption of an axially symmetric line-forming region and resonant scattering. Likelihood-free inference techniques are used to invert the Stokes I and q line profiles, in the latent space, to derive the underlying geometries. For axially symmetric structures that yield an observable ‘dominant axis’ on the Stokes q–u plane, we propose the existence of a geometry ‘conjugate’ (which is indistinguishable under a rotation of π/2). Using this machine learning infrastructure, we attempt to identify possible geometries associated with spectropolarimetric observations of the Type Ib SN 2017gax.
The convective kissing instability in low-mass M-dwarf models: convective overshooting, semi-convection, luminosity functions, surface abundances, and star cluster age dating
Authors: Mansfield Santana , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Low-mass models of M-dwarfs that undergo the convective kissing instability fluctuate in luminosity and temperature resulting in a gap in the main sequence that is observed in the Gaia data. During this instability, the models have repeated periods of full convection where the material is mixed throughout the model. Stellar evolution models are performed using mesa with varying amounts of convective overshooting and semi-convection. We find that the amplitude and intensity of the instability is reduced with increasing amounts of overshooting but sustained when semi-convection is present. This is reflected in the loops in the evolutionary tracks in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. The surface abundances of 1H, 3He, 4He, 12C, 14N, and 16O increase or decrease over time due to the convective boundary, however the relative abundance changes are very small and not likely observable. The mass and magnitude values from the models are assigned to a synthetic population of stars from the mass–magnitude relation to create colour–magnitude diagrams, which reproduce the M-dwarf gap as a large indent into the blueward edge of the main sequence (MS). This is featured in the luminosity function as a small peak and dip. The width of the MS decreases over time along with the difference in width between the MS at masses higher and lower than the instability. The parallel offset and relative angle between the upper and lower parts of the MS also change with time along with the mass–magnitude relation. Potential age-dating methods for single stars and stellar populations are described.