bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Peoples in International Investment Law: Time for a New Dispute Resolution Procedure
Authors: Polonskaya Ksenia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines the role of indigenous communities in international investment law. It concludes that indigenous communities have only limited agency in the context of investment law-making and adjudication. Such limitations continue the colonial legacy of international law. If international investment law aspires to achieve legitimacy, the departure from the exclusionary practices is necessary. In this context, the article recommends carving out the investment disputes that involve indigenous peoples and/or impact their livelihoods from the traditional model of investor-State dispute settlement. It further argues for reframing investment rules to account for indigenous laws and practices.
Spanish and English Verbal Humour: A Comparative Study of Late-night Talk Show Monologues
Authors: Mir Montserrat , Laskurain-Ibarluzea Patxi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to establish a cross-linguistic comparison between Peninsular Spanish and American English verbal humour as displayed in televised humorous monologues in late-night talk shows. While humour research is abundant across different languages, only a small number of studies investigating cross-cultural differences in verbal humour exist. An analysis of verbal humour in monologues from four current late-night TV talk shows in Spain and the United States revealed similar use of linguistic resources such as analogies, colloquialisms, cultural references to deliver humour but with different degrees of preference. Additionally, English monologues were mostly on political satire, while Spanish humour referenced a wider variety of topics including taboo-like themes and language such as sex, drugs, or religion. Spanish monologues were also more conversational and informal in their delivery.
3. One & All!
Authors: Farmer Paul 
Published: September 2023

The conditions of Thatcher’s 1980s exposes those on the Left to government attack. The miners, organised in the National Union of Mineworkers with Arthur Scargill as President, are perceived by Thatcher’s cabal as a primary enemy to be destroyed. The strike provoked by the government exposes divisions and hypocrisy in the UK Labour Movement.
Nevertheless, the miners’ struggle constitutes a defence of communities and ways of life and there is huge support for them among socialists and large sections of the general public. To participate in this support is what our work is for. The aim is ‘efficacy’, an effect on the world beyond the theatre.
Now we have to find our audience, amongst whom we could assume no prior knowledge of the social event of theatre. Our work will be for Cornish communities and will also be a working-class voice. Hard rock metal mining is a part of Cornwall—a fundamental aspect of how the Cornish see themselves. We will create a show to support the Miners’ Strike through the story of Cornish mining, in a form we call ‘cabaret documentary’.
A39 will be a permanent research process. Part of the experiment is to find what we are as performers. We write and start rehearsing One & All! in the Crypt Unemployed and Community Centre in early 1985.
4. Street Theatre and Cabaret
Authors: Farmer Paul 
Published: September 2023

Street theatre is another core activity of A39 and has a strong influence on our developing performance style. We use the same material and attitude to develop a cabaret act. Political and satirical songs are interspersed with more avant garde performance pieces.
A39’s earnings through street performances are vitally necessary. We have no money and no financial support. Funding officers see A39 as at best an inconvenient irrelevance, at worst a threat to a carefully rationalised status quo. We reject many of their assumptions, including what we perceive as the Thatcherite privileging of production values. Unable to afford a van, we must use props and set that can share Lucy’s car with us.
On 3 March 1985, the great Miners’ Strike ends and the miners go back to work without a deal. The winter has been hard. Soon the pit closures will begin, and will continue till there is all but nothing left to close. A39 feels a burning need to avenge; and we carry on working towards the debut of One & All!
5. Touring One & All!
Authors: Farmer Paul 
Published: September 2023

The first performance of One & All! is at the Crypt Centre in Truro at the end of March 1985 before a small audience of members and friends. Then we set out on tour to other community initiatives, local Labour groups, and anyone else who might arrange a show. We decide we need to carry our own theatre lighting, but the cost is prohibitive so we come to an ingenious if slightly dangerous arrangement. The show evolves. Political theatre and cabaret turn out to work well in Cornwall–you can say anything you liked as long as you are entertaining.
An important part of A39 is its ‘hinterland’, its links to groups outside theatre. Initially this is composed of socialist and community groups, but it comes increasingly to include the Cornish cultural movement, a celebration and defence of communities, of the Cornish people’s relationships with work and with their part of the planet. These are too the causes for which the Miners’ Strike has been fought, so our commitment to this movement continues the struggle for which A39 was formed.
A report for the ‘Regional Arts Association’, South West Arts (SWA), that functions as an agency of the Arts Council, dismisses A39’s work, and A39 is never to form a working relationship with SWA. Instead we participate in the Enterprise Allowance Scheme that will give us each an income and A39 prepares to go–international!
6. A39 International
Authors: Farmer Paul 
Published: September 2023

Our European tour is radically different to A39’s barnstorming round Cornwall. We set off in Lucy’s battered Renault 12, the four of us packed inside with our clothes, costumes, instruments, two tents and camping gear. We take the ferry from Dover to Ostend and perform hit-and-run street theatre in cities on a path leading eastwards and southwards through Belgium, Germany, and Austria towards the Iron Curtain where western capitalism confronts Eastern Bloc. Each night we camp in the Rastplätze of the Autobahns.
The nominal terminus on our outward journey is Budapest in Hungary, not because we have any illusions about the nature of the Soviet satellite system, but because we want to see it for ourselves.
We learn a great deal about performance, about creativity and about A39. Besides performing in Budapest, we take the opportunity of secure accommodation to create new material before setting back on the road. Once more we pay our way through street performances to return to Cornwall to work on a new touring play; an intention we find ourselves forced to postpone….
7. A39 and the Tin Crisis
Authors: Farmer Paul 
Published: September 2023

On 24 October 1985, the tin market collapses after the buffer stock manager of the International Tin Council runs out of money and can no longer buy tin on the London Metal Exchange to maintain the high price that keeps Cornish mines viable. This event threatens the absolute end of thousands of years of Cornish mining, the industry that provides Cornwall with its image of itself.
We decide to take One & All! back on the road with a new ending in the old Blue Blouse theatre form of the Living Newspaper. We also present this new crisis section of the show live on Radio Cornwall to explain what is happening.
Thatcher’s government eventually agrees to support South Crofty with loans for capital improvement that allow it to stagger on for a while. The other mines close. In the spring, almost exactly a year after its first performance, we present One & All! at the miners’ social club at Geevor in Pendeen. This is probably the fulfilment of all A39 had set out to achieve by building a voice into events to represent and speak with the Cornish working class. But it doesn’t feel like success. Just a few days later, productive mining at Geevor will cease.
10. ‘How much easier it is to honour the dead than to value the living’—The Tale of Trevithick’s Tower
Authors: Farmer Paul 
Published: September 2023

A key concept for the new show is ‘levels of pretence’—the principle derived from McGrath’s observations on the sophistication of popular engagement with issues of identity in the performance of pantomime. In One & All!, for example, who were we being when we were narrating? We could push the new show up one ‘layer of pretence’ and remove any implied authority figures: rather than ask audiences to take anyone on trust, we could insist they distrusted everybody.
So we formulate the new show not as a play, but as a public meeting. In the real world the plan is afoot to take over Truro City Hall and turn it into a prestigious theatre. Our public meeting is part of a fictional campaign to demolish the City Hall to build the tower Trevithick designed in 1833 to commemorate the passing of the Reform Laws. Having pushed the execution of the play away from ourselves and into movement between the onion skins of ‘layers of pretence’, we use three bizarre contemporary characters to implicitly critique contemporary society and government.
The Tale of Trevithick’s Tower premieres on Camborne Trevithick Day 1986 and tours Cornwall.
Radiative Impacts of Californian Marine Low Clouds on North Pacific Climate in a Global Climate Model
Authors: Miyamoto Ayumu , Nakamura Hisashi , Xie Shang-Ping , Miyasaka Takafumi , Kosaka Yu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The northeastern Pacific climate system features an extensive low-cloud deck off California on the southeastern flank of the subtropical high that accompanies intense northeasterly trades and relatively low sea surface temperatures (SSTs). This study assesses climatological impacts of the low-cloud deck and their seasonal differences by regionally turning on and off the low-cloud radiative effect in a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean model. The simulations demonstrate that the cloud radiative effect causes a local SST decrease of up to 3°C on an annual average with the response extending southwestward with intensified trade winds, indicative of the wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback. This nonlocal wind response is strong in summer, when the SST decrease peaks due to increased shortwave cooling, and persists into autumn. In these seasons when the background SST is high, the lowered SST suppresses deep-convective precipitation that would otherwise occur in the absence of the low-cloud deck. The resultant anomalous diabatic cooling induces a surface anticyclonic response with the intensified trades that promote the WES feedback. Such seasonal enhancement of the atmospheric response does not occur without air–sea couplings. The enhanced trades accompany intensified upper-tropospheric westerlies, strengthening the vertical wind shear that, together with the lowered SST, acts to shield Hawaii from powerful hurricanes. On the basin scale, the anticyclonic surface wind response accelerates the North Pacific subtropical ocean gyre to speed up the Kuroshio by as much as 30%. SST thereby increases along the Kuroshio and its extension, intensifying upward turbulent heat fluxes from the ocean to increase precipitation.
Effect of Ligustrazine on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Response of Vascular Endothelial Cells and its Possible Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xia Meng , Ma Zehong , Mao Chengjian , Zhang Jihong , Ma Zhongdanni 
Published: September 2023

Background Endothelial cell (EC) inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of several cardiovascular disorders (CD), including atherosclerosis and sepsis. Ligustrazine (Lig), a bioactive constituent derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has exhibited in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the observed positive outcomes, the exact mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects remain unidentified. Aim The goal of this research is to investigate the influence and potential mechanism of Lig on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Introduction These experiments investigate the effectiveness of Lig in preventing LPS-induced damage in HUVECs, with the goal of elucidating the underlying processes at work. Materials and Methods To evaluate HUVECs’ viability, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure changes in ICAM-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the levels of ICAM-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and toll-like receptors (TLR4) mRNA. Additionally, we performed WB analysis to assess the levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, TLR4, IκBα, and p-IκBα. Results The findings demonstrated significantly suppressed cell viability due to LPS treatment, while Lig treatment increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Lig also effectively reduced the mRNA levels of ICAM-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. Furthermore, Lig pretreatment led to downregulation of TLR4, p-IκBα, and NF-κB p65 in HUVECs. Discussion The findings indicate that Lig reduces LPS-induced inflammation in HUVECs, and that the TLR4/NF-κB pathway is critical in increasing cell survival and minimizing inflammatory damage. This provides possible anti-inflammatory techniques for treating CD. Conclusion In conclusion, our work demonstrates Lig’s anti-inflammatory actions on LPS-stimulated HUVECs. The data suggest that Lig lowers inflammation via regulating the TLR4/NF-B pathway, boosting cell survival, and decreasing inflammatory responses.
In vitro Neuroprotective Activity of Vigna radiata L. and Vigna pilosa L. on Amyloid Beta-induced Cytotoxicity
Authors: Prasanth N. V. , Pandian P. , Balasubramanian T. 
Published: September 2023

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered to be the most common form of dementia. The drugs that are available for the treatment of AD provide only partial improvement of the condition. In recent years, natural ingredients have received increased attention in generating novel medications for treating various neurological disorders, including AD. Vigna radiata and Vigna pilosa are plants that are routinely included in many Ayurvedic formulations used to manage memory impairment. Objectives The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anticholinesterase and neuroprotective activities of the plants V. radiata and V. pilosa. Materials and Methods A modified 96-well microplate assay according to Ellman’s method was employed to measure acetyl choline esterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. In vitro neuroprotective effect was measured by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using the SHSY-5Y (neuroblastoma cells) cell line against β-amyloid induced neurotoxicity. The ethyl acetate extract of V. radiata and the ethanolic extract of V. pilosa, which showed maximum AChE inhibitory activity, were selected for the MTT assay. The cell viability was evaluated by direct observation of cells with the help of an inverted phase contrast microscope, followed by the MTT assay method. Results Maximum AChE inhibitory activity was exhibited by an ethyl acetate extract of V. radiata. It showed AChE activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 286.40 µg/mL, while the ethanol extract of V. pilosa showed an IC50 value of 160.19 µg/mL. Extracts of both plants, V. radiata and V. pilosa, significantly ( p ≤ 0.001) improved the percentage of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The plants V. radiata and V. pilosa showed potent anti-Alzheimer activity when tested using in vitro AChE inhibitory activity and by MTT assay using an β-amyloid-induced in vivo cytotoxicity model. These findings demand the need for further studies using in vivo models.
Treatment Outcomes for Carbapenem-Resistant and Cephalosporin-Susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia
Authors: Ng Tsz Hin , Zhao Jing J. , Gumbleton Ryan , Olson Shannon , Smith Stephanie , Scipione Marco R. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Carbapenem-resistant (Car-R) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an urgent threat. These isolates may remain susceptible to traditional noncarbapenem antipseudomonal β-lactams, but it is unclear if carbapenem resistance impacts the effectiveness of these agents. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes in Car-R and cephalosporin-susceptible (Ceph-S) P. aeruginosa pneumonia treated with cefepime versus other susceptible agents. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients diagnosed with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia who had a respiratory isolate of Car-R Ceph-S P. aeruginosa. Patients were excluded if they had polymicrobial respiratory cultures, other concomitant infections, empyema, death within 3 days of index culture, or received less than 3 days of susceptible therapy. Patients treated with cefepime were compared to other susceptible therapies. The primary endpoint was 30-day in-hospital mortality. Results: Eighty-seven patients were included: cefepime, n = 61; other susceptible therapies, n = 26. There were no differences in 30-day in-hospital mortality between cefepime and other susceptible therapies (19.6% vs. 19.2%, p value = 0.719). In addition, there were no differences between clinical cure rates (cefepime 65.6% vs. other therapies 72 %, p value = 0.47). In multivariate logistic regression, treatment with cefepime (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-2.52) was not independently associated with 30-day in-hospital mortality. Conclusion and Relevance: For the treatment of Car-R Ceph-S P. aeruginosa pneumonia, cefepime showed similar rates of 30-day in-hospital mortality and clinical outcomes when compared to other susceptible therapies. Cefepime may be utilized to conserve novel β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitors.
Iatrogenic ulnar nerve palsy associated with supracondylar humeral fracture in children: A systemic review on its management
Authors: Ikram Mohammad Arshad , Shahzad Huma , Gnanou Justin Vijay 
Published: September 2023

Background Supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHFs) are among the most common pediatric fractures. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are considered the established gold standard. Biomechanically, cross-pinning is resilient for any axial rotation, but the medial pin increases the risk of iatrogenic injury to the ulnar nerve. Objective A systematic review was conducted to provide an evidence-based analysis of the literature on the management of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury caused by the medial pin during closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of displaced SCHF in children. Methods MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases were searched to identify all articles that reported ulnar nerve injury caused by the medial pin during closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of displaced SCHF in children and suggested the management. Reference lists from the articles retrieved were further scrutinized to identify any additional studies of interest. Results One thousand six hundred and six articles on SCHF treated by closed reduction and cross-pinning were identified initially with 25 studies included in the analysis after screening. Four thousand six hundred and seventy-five children sustained SCHF with a median age of 7 years. Of 3036 children treated by closed reduction and cross pinning, 205 (6.75%) were diagnosed with iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. The management involves observation only, removal of the medial pin, or exploration. The average recovery time in the group treated by removal of wire was statistically shorter than the other two groups. Conclusion The evidence suggests surgical exploration of the ulnar nerve can be delayed for up to 7 months, with most studies favouring observation only. In selected cases, immediate removal of the medial pin should be considered.
Inexpensive and Easy to Set Up Robotic Cardiac Simulator Offers “Unlimited” Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Experience: Proof of Concept
Authors: AlJamal Yazan N. , Burgin Robert , Kitahara Hiroto , Gonzalez Gabriela , Balkhy Husam H. 
Published: September 2023

Objective: Robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) grafting is the least invasive form of coronary bypass surgery. However, despite its advantages, this approach has not gained widespread adoption. One possible reason is the advanced and complex robotic skills required to execute a totally endoscopic sutured coronary anastomosis. We prepared a novel, inexpensive, easy to set up robotic TECAB simulator. Methods: A pig heart was placed in a cardboard box, and 3 holes were made on the side to mimic the exposure and surgical ergonomics of TECAB port placement. Four robotic ports were placed and docked to the da Vinci Si robot (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Monofilament 7:0 suture (7 cm long) was used to perform the anastomosis to the left anterior descending artery using remnant conduit. Seven cardiac surgeons of various training levels participated and were asked to fill out a 10-point questionnaire. Results: The cost of the simulator totaled $20 per session, with 20 min to assemble. Each session allowed each trainee to practice 3 to 4 coronary anastomoses. Three cardiac surgeons completed the survey and strongly agreed that the model was easy to set up, the anastomotic exercise was realistic, and that this practice helped them gain confidence. Conclusions: Our TECAB simulator is inexpensive, easy to set up, and allows trainees to practice endoscopic coronary suturing. We believe this to be a valuable training tool to learn how to do TECAB for established surgeons and that such a simulator may be of great value to cardiothoracic training programs and their trainees. Further studies are warranted.