bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic characteristics of large permanent magnet direct‐drive generators considering electromagnetic–structural coupling effects
Authors: Han Qinkai , Xu Xueping , Zhang Zhihong , Yan Yifeng , Peng Chao , Chu Fulei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDynamic characteristics of large permanent magnet direct‐drive generators (PMDGs) considering electromagnetic–structural coupling effects are analyzed in this study. Using the conformal mapping method, the scalar magnetic potential of the air gap magnetic field considering the slot effect is calculated. On the basis of the discrete current element and magnetic equivalent circuit model, the local magnetic saturation effect of the stator and rotor is quantitatively simulated and the air gap magnetic field intensity distribution is obtained via numerical simulation. A series of uniformly distributed equivalent electromagnetic springs are introduced to develop an electromagnetic–structural coupling finite element PMDG model. The proposed air gap field analysis method is verified by the finite element analysis results. On the basis of the test platform for the Goldwind 1.5 MW PMDG, both modal and dynamic response tests for the stator/rotor coupling system are conducted, and the results are compared with the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and vibration responses obtained using the numerical model. The effects of the air gap length and rotor speed on the natural frequencies of the coupling system are analyzed. The proposed model has the potential to accurately evaluate the PMDG vibration energy, avoiding resonance points, and maintaining stable operations of the unit.
Effect of continuous fiber orientations on quasi‐static indentation properties in 3D printed hybrid continuous carbon/Kevlar fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Zhu Wanying , Li Shixian , Peng Yong , Wang Kui , Ahzi Said 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of hybrid continuous carbon and Kevlar fibers reinforced polyamide (PA)‐based composites manufactured by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique were investigated in this paper. The effects of fiber raster orientations, fiber layer locations, and stacking sequences were studied by the quasi‐static indentation (QSI) tests. The multi‐scale morphological investigation was applied to analyze the deformation and failure mechanisms of the printed hybrid composites. The results showed that the printed hybrid composites with 0°/90°/0°/90° fiber raster orientations and the middle fiber layer locations presented the highest energy absorption as high as 5107.0 N mm in the current study. In contrast, the printed hybrid composites with 0°/45°/90°/135° fiber raster orientations and the bottom fiber layer locations performed the lowest energy absorption of 3659.5 N mm. 0° continuous fiber layers with effective long raster lengths could effectively improve the crack resistance of specimens. The introduction of 90° continuous layers into laminates significantly increased the energy absorption capability of specimens due to the extensive damage of continuous fiber‐reinforced layers (CFRLs). CFRLs with the middle location helpfully delayed the initiation and propagation of cracks. In addition, when CFRLs were located at the top and bottom, the specimens with Kevlar fiber layers above carbon fiber layers showed much higher maximum force than that of specimens with Kevlar fiber layers below carbon fiber layers.
Validation of serostatus of rheumatoid arthritis using ICD‐10 codes in administrative claims data
Authors: Lee Hemin , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Lee Su Been , Yoshida Kazuki , Landon Joan E. , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases‐ Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) diagnosis codes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) serostatus using a U.S. claims database (Optum Clinformatics Data Mart, Optum) and to compare the results to a previous validation study performed in IBM Marketscan Research Database (sensitivity 73%, positive predictive value, PPV, 84%).MethodsIn Optum (01/01/2016–03/31/2020) linked with laboratory results, we selected RA patients based on ≥2 ICD‐10 diagnosis codes for RA (M05 or M06) and at least one dispensing of RA treatments. We included individuals with at least one laboratory result for rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) performed 365 days prior to and including the cohort entry date. An individual was “seropositive” if at least one of the 2 diagnosis codes used to define RA status was M05. “Seronegative” patients were required to have only M06. Secondary analyses were performed using subsets of M05 and M06 diagnosis codes. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and kappa of M05 and M06 against the prespecified reference standard laboratory data.ResultsWe identified 14 490 adult RA patients who had at least 1 RF or anti‐CCP result. The number of patients identified for each reference standard definition ranged from 3315 (reference standard definition: high + anti‐CCP) to 13 636 (any + RF). PPV for seropositive RA, M05, was 77.1%. The PPV of M06 for seronegative RA was 61.6%. When we applied more restricted definitions of M05 and M06, the PPV for seropositive RA increased to 79.2%. The PPV for seronegative RA also notably increased to 89.5%.ConclusionICD‐10 codes (M05 and M06) can help identify RA serostatus in claims data, but their limitations should be acknowledged. The PPVs for seropositive and seronegative RA found in the Optum database were lower than those found in MarketScan, perhaps related to database variability or differing patient characteristics and clinical practice. When more restricted definitions of M05 and M06 were used, the PPVs for seropositive and seronegative RA improved to 79.2% and 89.5%, respectively.
Chitosan nanoparticles with controlled size and zeta potential
Authors: Benamer Oudih Samah , Tahtat Djamel , Nacer Khodja Assia , Mahlous Mohamed , Hammache Yasmina , Guittoum Abd‐Errahim , Kebbouche Gana Salima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptimization of chitosan nanoparticles (ChNs) production process employing a 2(5–2) fractional factorial design was performed to analyze the influence of viscosity average molecular weight (40–120 kDa), the initial concentration of chitosan (2–5 g/L), the initial tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentration (0.8–1.2 g/L), the ratio chitosan/TPP (4/1–10/1) (V/V), and the stirring speed (300–700 rpm), on final nanoparticles size and zeta potential. The measured responses of average particle size and surface charge were determined on Zetasizer Nano ZS. ChNs were prepared using ionotropic cross‐linking of chitosan and TPP and were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experiments showed that the size of synthesized nanoparticles depended on initial concentration and molecular weight of chitosan, TPP concentration and stirring speed within the chosen levels. However, the zeta potential was significantly influenced by chitosan molecular weight, chitosan concentration and stirring speed. The FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between negative charge of TPP with positive charge of chitosan through the appearance of new peaks at 1222 and 895 cm−1 in produced ChNs. XRD and DSC analysis were used to evaluate the effect of crosslinking of chitosan on crystal structure of ChNs.
Investigation of biological activities of two cultivars of Cicer arietinum proteins mass associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mafakher Ladan , Rismani Elham , Saeedi Mina , Emami Mir Mohammad Reza Hosseini Moghadam , Hadjiakhoondi Abbas , Najafi Zahra , Manayi Azadeh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, with some known classical factors. Cicer arietinum (Leguminosae) is a source of protein for humans and contains albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin. The protein content of two cultivars of C. arietinum, Hashem and Mansour, was isolated to evaluate their inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholine esterase (BChE), and β‐amyloid peptide (βA) aggregation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and molecular docking were also applied to evaluate the content and determine the potential of each chickpea protein to interact with AChE, respectively. Obtained data showed that proteins from both cultivars could inhibit AChE with IC50 of 17.73 (0.03) and 22.20 (0.06) μg/mL, respectively, with no activity on BChE. The 50 μg/mL protein concentration of each cultivar suppressed βA accumulation (Mansour: 25.66% and Hashem: 21.69%) and showed biometal chelating activity. SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed relatively different protein patterns, though the Mansour cultivar contained some protein bands with molecular weights of 18, 24, and 70 kDa were estimated to belong to vicilin and legumin, which were absent in the Hashem protein mass. Molecular docking showed that legumin and especially vicilin have good potential to interact with AChE. The chickpea proteins showed inhibitory activity against AChE, which might be due to the vicilin and legumin fractions. The characterization of the inhibitory effect of each protein band could be promising in finding new therapeutic peptide candidates to treat Alzheimer's in the future, although more experimental work is needed in this issue.
Structural modeling of peptide toxin–ion channel interactions using RosettaDock
Authors: Mateos Diego Lopez , Yarov‐Yarovoy Vladimir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVoltage‐gated ion channels play essential physiological roles in action potential generation and propagation. Peptidic toxins from animal venoms target ion channels and provide useful scaffolds for the rational design of novel channel modulators with enhanced potency and subtype selectivity. Despite recent progress in obtaining experimental structures of peptide toxin–ion channel complexes, structural determination of peptide toxins bound to ion channels in physiologically important states remains challenging. Here we describe an application of RosettaDock approach to the structural modeling of peptide toxins interactions with ion channels. We tested this approach on 10 structures of peptide toxin–ion channel complexes and demonstrated that it can sample near‐native structures in all tested cases. Our approach will be useful for improving the understanding of the molecular mechanism of natural peptide toxin modulation of ion channel gating and for the structural modeling of novel peptide‐based ion channel modulators.
Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine on dementia and cognitive function: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sawangjit Ratree , Chuenchom Chorthip , Sanverm Thanchanok , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Jiranukool Jariya , Nithipaijit Rodchares , Sadoyu Saranrat , Phianchana Chankiat , Jinatongthai Peerawat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims to summarize the effects of herbs on dementia and assess the strength of evidence. Six international and local databases were searched from inception to October 2021 for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of clinical trials investigated the effects of herbal medicine on dementia or cognitive function. Two researchers independently extracted data, assessed the methodological quality, and rated the credibility of evidence according to established criteria. Thirty‐seven articles evaluating 13 herbal medicines were included. Of these, 65% were rated critically low using AMSTAR2. Of 90 unique outcomes, 41 (45.6%) were statistically significant based on random effects model (p ≤ .05). Only 3 herbs were supported by suggestive evidence whereas the others were supported by weak evidence. The suggestive evidence supported benefits of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus pharmacotherapy (WMD:1.84; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.35) and Vinpocetine (WMD: −0.94; 95%CI: −1.50, −0.38) on improving cognitive function assessing by Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Syndrom‐Kurz‐Test, respectively. Moreover, suggestive evidence supported benefit of Huperzia serrata on improving Activities of Daily Living (WMD:‐7.18; 95%CI: −9.12, −5.23). No SAE was reported. In conclusion, several herbs were used for improving dementia and cognitive function but recent evidence were limited by the small sample size and poor methodological quality. Therefore, further large and well‐designed studies are needed to support the evidence.
COVID‐19 vaccine wastage in Thailand amidst vaccine inequity and pandemic‐to‐endemic transition
Authors: Jitanan Manatee , Tiamjan Rapeeporn , Chaivisit Sarinporn , Lojanasupareuk Pornchan , Behera Manas Ranjan , Phungdee Theerapon , Waengkaew Wayu , Miranda Adriana Viola 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 vaccine wastage is an emerging issue globally. In Thailand, which has declared COVID‐19 to be an endemic disease, the risk of vaccine wastage lingers despite the remaining vaccine inequity. Although the country does not publicly report its vaccine wastage rate, a wastage incident has been reported. With the remaining secured vaccine doses that have yet to be delivered and Thailand's pandemic‐to‐endemic transition, Thailand should strategize to avoid vaccine wastage. This commentary highlights several factors that can potentially lead to vaccine wastage in Thailand: cold chain logistics issues, vaccine hesitancy, and unequal vaccine accessibility. The Thai government should continue its efforts in mitigating these issues to maximize its vaccination program.
Centimeter‐Scale PdS2 Ultrathin Films with High Mobility and Broadband Photoresponse
Authors: He Kun , Xu Weiting , Tang Jingmei , Lu Yuan , Yi Chen , Li Bailing , Zhu Hongzhou , Zhang Hongmei , Lin Xiaohui , Feng Ya , Zhu Manli , Shen Jingru , Zhong Mianzeng , Li Bo , Duan Xidong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract2D materials with mixed crystal phase will lead to the nonuniformity of performance and go against the practical application. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a valid method to synthesize 2D materials with typical stoichiometry. Here, 2D palladium sulfides with centimeter scale and uniform stoichiometric ratio are synthesized via controlling the sulfurization temperature of palladium thin films. The relationship between sulfurization temperature and products is investigated in depth. Besides, the high‐quality 2D PdS2 films are synthesized via sulfurization at the temperature of 450–550 °C, which would be compatible with back‐end‐of‐line processes in semiconductor industry with considering of process temperature. The PdS2 films show an n‐type semiconducting behavior with high mobility of 10.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The PdS2 photodetector presents a broadband photoresponse from 450 to 1550 nm. These findings provide a reliable way to synthesizing high‐quality and large‐area 2D materials with uniform crystal phase. The result suggests that 2D PdS2 has significant potential in future nanoelectronics and optoelectronic applications.
The Floyd‐Warshall all‐pairs shortest paths algorithm for disconnected and very sparse graphs
Authors: Toroslu Ismail H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Floyd‐Warshall algorithm is the most popular algorithm for determining the shortest paths between all vertex pairs in a graph. It is a very simple and an elegant algorithm. However, for graphs without any negative weighted edges, using Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm for every vertex as a source vertex to produce all‐pairs shortest paths works significantly better than the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm, especially for large graphs. Furthermore, for graphs with negative weighted edges, with no negative cycle, in general Johnson's algorithm also performs better than the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm for large graphs. Johnson's algorithm first transforms the graph into a non‐negative one by using the Bellman‐Ford algorithm, then applies the Dijkstra's algorithm to the transformed graph. Thus, mainly, the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm is quite inefficient, especially for large graphs. In this paper, we show a simple improvement on the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm that will increases its efficiency, especially for very sparse graphs (i.e., the number of its edges is less than the number of its vertices), so it can be used instead of more complicated alternatives. We also show that our approach is also very effective for denser disconnected graphs. Since the new algorithm modifies the original Floyd‐Warshall algorithm, it is mainly aimed for directed graphs without negative cycles. Most programmers prefer to implement the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm over more complicated but more efficient alternatives for solving all‐pairs shortest path problems. In this work, we show that without the addition of any complicated data structures, the performance of the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm can be improved very easily. Our practical approach works even better than its alternatives for large sparse graphs.
Natural flood management: Opportunities to implement nature‐based solutions on privately owned land
Authors: Thaler Thomas , Hudson Paul , Viavattene Christophe , Green Colin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe implementation of Natural Flood Management (NFM), as an example of a nature‐based solution (NbS), is promoted as a risk reduction strategy to support sustainable flood risk management and climate change adaptation more widely. Additionally, as an NbS, NFM aims to provide further multiple benefits, such as increased biodiversity and improved water quality as well as improved mental health. The implementation of NbS often needs private‐owned or managed land, yet can create conflicts between the different stakeholders which can undermine the social consensus required for successful implementation. Consequently, a main question is how the multiple benefits and requirements of NFM can be delivered to meet the different goals of the wide variety of stakeholders who must be involved. This article discusses the challenges and potential of implementing NFM as an alternative to the traditional technical mitigation measures in flood risk management. We outline four opportunities in the implementation of NFM: physical conditions of the catchment, social interaction, financial resources, and institutional setting. Their importance is then demonstrated and compared to different examples across the globe. Nevertheless, the core drivers reflect the social interaction and institutional setting and the role of stakeholders in the successful implementation of NFM.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Planning WaterHuman Water > Water GovernanceScience of Water > Water ExtremesWater and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
SUPG formulation augmented with YZβ shock‐capturing for computing shallow‐water equations
Authors: Cengizci Süleyman , Uğur Ömür 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe demonstrate that the streamline‐upwind/Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) formulation enhanced with YZβ discontinuity‐capturing, that is, the SUPG‐YZβ formulation, is an efficient and robust method for computing 2D shallow‐water equations (SWEs). The SUPG‐stabilized semi‐discrete formulation is discretized in time by employing the backward Euler time‐integration scheme. The nonlinear equation systems arising from the space and time discretizations are handled using the Newton–Raphson (N–R) method at each time step. The resulting linear equation systems are solved directly at each nonlinear iteration. Two challenging test problems are provided to examine the performance of the proposed formulation and techniques. To that end, we consider a full dam‐break and a partial dam‐break problem. We develop the solvers in the FEniCS environment. Test computations reveal that the SUPG‐YZβ formulation successfully eliminates spurious oscillations that cannot be captured with the SUPG‐stabilized formulation alone in narrow regions where steep gradients occur.
Biofuels Development and Indirect Deforestation
Authors: Ramadhan Rizky , Mori Akihisa , Abdoellah Oekan S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Indonesian government launched the B30 program (a mixture of 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel fuel) in 2019 to save foreign exchange, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and improve environmental quality. Indonesia uses palm oil as the main source for making biodiesel, as proven by an increase in the domestic market demand for biodiesel by as much as 2.69 million tons. This is followed by the increase of the area of ​​palm oil plantations by 4.25 million hectares from 2014 to 2020. In contrast, the rate of deforestation in the three main palm oil-producing islands (Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Papua) tends to decline. These facts raise a hypothesis that the B30 program may trigger indirect deforestation or conversion of nonforest areas to palm oil. To prove this hypothesis, we use the geographic information system (GIS) to detect and analyze land cover by looking at historical data on land-use changes in the Province of Riau and Central Kalimantan, the largest palm oil-producing provinces. The development of biofuels under the moratorium regulation indirectly encourages oil palm companies to open oil palm plantations in areas originally used as cultivation areas. The loss of land for cultivation has encouraged local communities to clear land for cultivation in the forest. This situation is what we call indirect deforestation.
Aggregation and Representation in Knowledge Coproduction: Lesson Learned from the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Scheme
Authors: Salman Faris , Mori Akihisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA context-based approach and pluralism are often the main principles of knowledge coproduction (KCP), in addition to goal-oriented and interactive approach. To keep the original context and plurality from the knowledge source, knowledge in KCP can be bridged, scaled-up, or represented. Representation in KCP can distort results; however, it can also be beneficial especially for difficult-to-reach group members. Further, improving the structure of KCP can improve governance in instances where coproduced knowledge is used for governing processes. By conducting a case study of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO), this chapter explores how the representation of citizens affects coproduction and how it impacts environmental governance in Indonesia. We utilize the principles of KCP for sustainability and the operationalization of knowledge for improving governance. We found that government-dominated development and implementation should be shifted to networked public participation to reconcile conflicting objectives of social acceptance. To improve public participation, non-government actors can play key representing roles in making the process more collaborative, and bridging and aggregating knowledge produced by stakeholders with diverse interests. Initial establishment of the ISPO endorsed the government’s predetermined agenda and suffered operationalization problem. The shift from government-dominated development and implementation to a networked and public KCP facilitated ISPO policy strengthening. The networked, public KCP formed stages where knowledge is aggregated and bridged to a higher tier of discussion through representation. Our result also provided insight that representation in KCP may not be avoided in certain situations, such as with time and economic cost constraint. The network used for KCP can benefit environmental governance, as it helps government-dominated governance incorporate civil society.