bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical and behavioral characterization of N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyllysergamide (EIPLA), an isomer of N6–ethylnorlysergic acid N,N‐diethylamide (ETH‐LAD)
Authors: Brandt Simon D. , Kavanagh Pierce V. , Westphal Folker , Pulver Benedikt , Schwelm Hannes M. , Stratford Alexander , Auwärter Volker , Halberstadt Adam L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPreclinical investigations have shown that N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyllysergamide (EIPLA) exhibits lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)‐like properties, which suggests that it might show psychoactive effects in humans. EIPLA is also an isomer of N6‐ethylnorlysergic acid N,N‐diethylamide (ETH‐LAD), a lysergamide known to produce psychedelic effects in humans that emerged as a research chemical. EIPLA was subjected to analysis by various forms of mass spectrometry, chromatography (GC, LC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and GC condensed‐phase infrared spectroscopy. The most straightforward differentiation between EIPLA and ETH‐LAD included the evaluation of mass spectral features that reflected the structural differences (EIPLA: N6‐methyl and N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropylamide group; ETH‐LAD: N6‐ethyl and N,N‐diethylamide group). Proton NMR analysis of blotter extracts suggested that EIPLA was detected as the base instead of a salt, and two blotter extracts suspected to contain EIPLA revealed the detection of 96.9 ± 0.5 μg (RSD: 0.6%) and 85.8 ± 2.8 μg base equivalents based on LC–MS analysis. The in vivo activity of EIPLA was evaluated using the mouse head‐twitch response (HTR) assay. Similar to LSD and other serotonergic psychedelics, EIPLA induced the HTR (ED50 = 234.6 nmol/kg), which was about half the potency of LSD (ED50 = 132.8 nmol/kg). These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies demonstrating that EIPLA can mimic the effects of known psychedelic drugs in rodent behavioral models. The dissemination of analytical data for EIPLA was deemed justifiable to aid future forensic and clinical investigations.
Indirect interactions between pollinators drive interaction rewiring through space
Authors: Magrach Ainhoa , Artamendi Maddi , Lapido Paula Dominguez , Parejo Clara , Rubio Encarnacion 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, an extended body of literature has focused on the importance of either temporal or spatial dynamics in shaping the structure of interacting plant and pollinator communities. This improvement from a previously static and aggregated perspective has allowed us to understand many of the ecological processes that shape community assembly. However, fewer are the studies that have simultaneously focused on spatial and temporal dynamics, and even fewer are those that collect data across different habitat types to assess the generality of their findings. Here, we used a dataset collected weekly throughout the full flowering season for two consecutive years and within two contrasting habitat types in N and SW Spain: a mountain grassland area and the understory of sparse pine forests. We evaluated species and interaction persistence through space and time, pollinator fidelity, and turnover patterns in interaction composition while providing a potential mechanistic explanation for the patterns observed. Our results show that although species generalization does not explain species or interaction persistence, moderately generalist species are those showing the greatest fidelity to the subset of plant species they visit through space and time. Further, we find that interaction turnover through time is mostly driven by changes in species composition, while through space it is mostly driven by interaction rewiring resulting from indirect competitive interactions between pollinator species. Our results help to shed light on the potential mechanisms driving community assembly patterns beyond niche or neutral processes by adding within‐trophic‐level interactions that can modify pollinator preferences.
Haemodynamic validation of the three‐step HFA‐PEFF algorithm to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Lanzarone Ettore , Baratto Claudia , Vicenzi Marco , Villella Francesco , Rota Irene , Dewachter Céline , Muraru Denisa , Tomaselli Michele , Gavazzoni Mara , Badano Luigi P. , Senni Michele , Vachiéry Jean‐Luc , Parati Gianfranco , Caravita Sergio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsThe HFA‐PEFF algorithm (Heart Failure Association‐Pre‐test assessment, Echocardiography and natriuretic peptide score, Functional testing in cases of uncertainty, Final aetiology) is a three‐step algorithm to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It provides a three‐level likelihood of HFpEF: low (score < 2), intermediate (score 2–4), or high (score > 4). HFpEF may be confirmed in individuals with a score > 4 (rule‐in approach). The second step of the algorithm is based on echocardiographic features and natriuretic peptide levels. The third step implements diastolic stress echocardiography (DSE) for controversial diagnostic cases. We sought to validate the three‐step HFA‐PEFF algorithm against a haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF based on rest and exercise right heart catheterization (RHC).Methods and resultsSeventy‐three individuals with exertional dyspnoea underwent a full diagnostic work‐up following the HFA‐PEFF algorithm, including DSE and rest/exercise RHC. The association between the HFA‐PEFF score and a haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF, as well as the diagnostic performance of the HFA‐PEFF algorithm vs. RHC, was assessed. The diagnostic performance of left atrial (LA) strain < 24.5% and LA strain/E/E′ < 3% was also assessed. The probability of HFpEF was low/intermediate/high in 8%/52%/40% of individuals at the second step of the HFA‐PEFF algorithm and 8%/49%/43% at the third step. After RHC, 89% of patients were diagnosed as HFpEF and 11% as non‐cardiac dyspnoea. The HFA‐PEFF score resulted associated with the invasive haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF (P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of the HFA‐PEFF score for the invasive haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF were 45% and 100% for the second step of the algorithm and 46% and 88% for the third step of the algorithm. Neither age, sex, body mass index, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation influenced the performance of the HFA‐PEFF algorithm, as these characteristics were similarly distributed over the true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative cases. Sensitivity of the second step of the HFA‐PEFF score was non‐significantly improved to 60% (P = 0.08) by lowering the rule‐in threshold to >3. LA strain alone had a sensitivity and specificity of 39% and 14% for haemodynamic HFpEF, increasing to 55% and 22% when corrected for E/E′.ConclusionsAs compared with rest/exercise RHC, the HFA‐PEFF score lacks sensitivity: Half of the patients were wrongly classified as non‐cardiac dyspnoea after non‐invasive tests, with a minimal impact of DSE in modifying HFpEF likelihood.
Distributed event‐triggered secondary control for microgrids applicable to directed communication graph
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Cai Hongda , Xia Yanghong , Yang Pengcheng , Zhou Yongzhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, distributed cooperative control has been popularly used in the secondary control of microgrids due to its reliability and flexibility. However, traditional distributed control schemes based on fixed‐cycle communication usually result in a waste of communication resources. Thus, this paper proposes an event‐triggered distributed control strategy that can significantly reduce the requirements of communication. In addition, compared with existing schemes, the proposed algorithm can achieve the secondary control goal in a directed graph, which can be applied to more scenarios, especially for weaker communication conditions. The stability of the strategy is investigated with the Lyapunov method. The simulation results verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Magnetic field induced the assembling of Photothermal evaporator for efficient solar‐driven desalination
Authors: Zhou Mingyu , Han Peng , Qi Guicun , Gao Dali , Abdel‐Ghafar Hamdy Maamoun , Wang Yuchao , Tao Shengyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial evaporation is a sustainable and economical technology for freshwater generation. Structural design of photothermal material is an effective strategy to improve the evaporation performance but is usually bothered by complicated processes and non‐adjustability. Herein, magnetic nanoparticles assembled photothermal evaporator was developed, which showed an adjustable spinal array surface under uniform magnetic field induction. By regulating position in the magnetic field, the desirable surface structures could be uniform at relatively low load density of magnetic nanoparticles to improve light absorption via multiple reflections. Magnetic field induced evaporator could accelerate evaporation to over 1.39 kg m−2 h−1 under 1‐sun illumination, which was 2.8 times that of natural evaporation. After coated by carbon layer, magnetic nanoparticles could overcome the oxidation to realize stable evaporation in long‐term desalination. The facile strategy to optimize the surface structure via magnetic field is appropriate for various fields with special requirements on surface structure.image
Assessing the impacts of rural residential land and cropland transition on agricultural production in Northeast China
Authors: Cai Hongyan , Wang Ziwei , Du Guoming , Zhang Dingxiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransitions between cropland and rural residential land (RRL) significantly impact both the amount of cropland and the yields obtained, whereas these impacts were overlooked in the previous studies. Taking accumulated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index during the growing season as a surrogate of productivity, this study assessed the impacts of RRL expansion and reclamation on agricultural production between 2009 and 2018 in Northeast China (NEC), a region contributing one‐fifth of the nation's total grain yield. Especially, the productivity gap between the RRL‐reclaimed and traditional cropland was explored and discussed. From 2009 to 2018, the NEC has experienced an intense expansion and reclamation in RRL, resulting in approximately 6.66 × 104 ha of cropland disappearing and 1.32 × 104 ha supplemented. Transitions in land use between RRL and cropland decreased the regional crop production by 0.08%, with the percentage slightly lower than that of cropland that was lost (0.09%). This was mainly attributed to the productivity gap between the reclaimed and occupied cropland from/to RRL, with the former higher than the latter. Even so, the cropland reclaimed from RRL was less productive than traditional cropland in three provinces in NEC, ranging from 1.6% to 3.9%. This productivity gap varied by crop type and province. After discussing the productivity limitations, suggestions for future land use policy in rural China have been put forward.
Sex differences in vitamin D and behavioral profiles among children with allergic diseases
Authors: Li Chia‐Jung , Chang Ling‐Sai , Guo Mindy Ming‐Huey , Wang Liang‐Jen , Kuo Ho‐Chang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that vitamin D has a protective effect on allergic diseases, while an individual's sex may have a moderating effect on the relationship between vitamin D and allergic‐related immunity. This study aimed to determine the role of vitamin D in children with coexisting allergic diseases in the context of sex differences and to explore the behavioral profiles of these patients. We recruited a total of 103 children with atopic diseases and divided them into four groups: males with one allergic disease (MA1, n = 20), males with two or more allergic diseases (MA2, n = 26), females with one allergic disease (FA1, n = 30), and females with two or more allergic diseases (FA2, n = 27). We measured serum calcium levels using the colorimetric method and serum 25‐OH vitamin D total levels using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We found that MA2 had significantly lower vitamin D levels than MA1 and FA2. The levels of IgE were negatively correlated with vitamin D in females, whereas the levels of IgE were not significantly correlated with vitamin D in males. Furthermore, serum IgE was significantly correlated with children's adaptive skills, and different sexes were associated with different aspects of adaptive skills. Our findings suggest a protective role of vitamin D in the development of one allergic disease against the coexistence of allergic diseases in males, as well as extend the evidence for sex differences in immunity by demonstrating a sex‐different correlation between IgE and vitamin D and the relationship between IgE and children's adaptive skills.
Symptomatic responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the cingulate cortex: Study of a cohort of epileptic patients and literature review
Authors: Xue Yansong , Yan Hao , Hao Guiliang , Gao Ying , Wang Xueyuan , Ni Duanyu , Qiao Liang , Shu Wei , Yu Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOur understanding of cingulate cortex function is limited. As a method for locating the epileptogenic zone, direct electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) provides an opportunity to understand the functional localization of the cingulate cortex. This study aimed to learn more about the function of the cingulate cortex by analyzing a large body of data from our center and by reviewing existing literature on cortical mapping. We retrospectively analyzed the ECS data of 124 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who had undergone electrode implantation in the cingulate cortex. The standard stimulation parameters included a biphasic pulse and bipolar stimulation at 50 Hz. Furthermore, we reviewed existing studies on cingulate responses elicited by the ECS and compared them with our results. A total of 329 responses were evoked in 276 contacts using ECS. Of these, 196 were physiological functional responses, which included sensory, affective, autonomic, language, visual, vestibular, and motor responses, along with a few other sensations. Sensory, motor, vestibular, and visual responses were concentrated in the cingulate sulcus visual area (CSv). Furthermore, 133 epilepsy‐related responses were evoked, most of which were concentrated in the ventral cingulate cortex. No responses were evoked by 498 contacts. Furthermore, the comparison of our ECS results with those reported in 11 comprehensive reviews revealed that the cingulate cortex is involved in complicated functions. The cingulate cortex is involved in sensory, affective, autonomic, language, visual, vestibular, and motor functions. The CSv is an integrating node of sensory, motor, vestibular, and visual systems.
Competency‐based medical education in the United States: What the otolaryngologist needs to know
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Thorne Marc C. , Galaiya Deepa , Campisi Paolo , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCompetency‐based medical education (CBME) is an outcomes‐focused approach to educating medical professionals that will be central to future efforts to improve resident training in otolaryngology. The transition to CBME for otolaryngology in the United States will require the development of specialty‐specific assessments and benchmarks, the financial and administrative support for implementation, the professional development of faculty and learners, and the cooperation of all major stakeholders in graduate medical education. In this article, we describe the need for evidence‐based innovation in surgical training, the history of CBME in the United States, and the progress towards defining “entrustable professional activities” as the building blocks of assessments for CBME. We explore what such a paradigm shift in surgical education could mean for academic otolaryngologists by examining innovative educational practices in other surgical specialties and discussing foreseeable challenges in implementation for the American healthcare system.
Directivity‐enhanced planar slot antenna backed by substrate integrated waveguide cavity
Authors: Tu Yihang , Li En , Gao Yong , Sun Qiang , Long Jiawei , Gao Chong , Qin Lin , Qiu Yang , Yu Chengyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a directivity‐enhanced planar slot antenna (PSA) backed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is proposed to solve the problem of maximum gain direction bias. According to the radiation principle of slot antenna, the reason for maximum gain direction bias is explained and the solution has been given. Ulteriorly, the problem of frequency bias caused by changing the directivity is also explained by resonance modes and solved by introducing the metal via. An example with 5.8 GHz which has the maximum gain of 5.28 dBi and the total thickness less than λ/4 is given. After structural optimization and measurement, the maximum radiation direction of improved antenna is 0° from the normal direction of antenna surface, and it maintains the good radiation performance and small size of the traditional PSA backed by SIW cavity.
Semi‐solid MT and APTw CEST‐MRI predict clinical outcome of patients with glioma early after radiotherapy
Authors: Kroh Florian , von Knebel Doeberitz Nikolaus , Breitling Johannes , Maksimovic Srdjan , König Laila , Adeberg Sebastian , Scherer Moritz , Unterberg Andreas , Bendszus Martin , Wick Wolfgang , Bachert Peter , Debus Jürgen , Ladd Mark E. , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Korzowski Andreas , Goerke Steffen , Paech Daniel 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the potential of asymmetry‐based (APTwasym), Lorentzian‐fit‐based (PeakAreaAPT and MTconst), and relaxation‐compensated (MTRRexAPT and MTRRexMT) CEST contrasts of the amide proton transfer (APT) and semi‐solid magnetization transfer (ssMT) for early response assessment and prediction of progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with glioma.MethodsSeventy‐two study participants underwent CEST‐MRI at 3T from July 2018 to December 2021 in a prospective clinical trial four to 6 wk after the completion of radiotherapy for diffuse glioma. Tumor segmentations were performed on T2w‐FLAIR and contrast‐enhanced T1w images. Therapy response assessment and determination of PFS were performed according to response assessment in neuro oncology (RANO) criteria using clinical follow‐up data with a median observation time of 9.2 mo (range, 1.6–40.8) and compared to CEST MRI metrics. Statistical testing included receiver operating characteristic analyses, Mann–Whitney‐U‐test, Kaplan–Meier analyses, and logrank‐test.ResultsMTconst (AUC = 0.79, p < 0.01) showed a stronger association with RANO response assessment compared to PeakAreaAPT (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.02) and MTRRexMT (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.02), and enabled differentiation of participants with pseudoprogression (n = 8) from those with true progression (AUC = 0.79, p = 0.02). Furthermore, MTconst (HR = 3.04, p = 0.01), PeakAreaAPT (HR = 0.39, p = 0.03), and APTwasym (HR = 2.63, p = 0.02) were associated with PFS. MTRRexAPT was not associated with any outcome.ConclusionMTconst, PeakAreaAPT, and APTwasym imaging predict clinical outcome by means of progression‐free survival. Furthermore, MTconst enables differentiation of radiation‐induced pseudoprogression from disease progression. Therefore, the assessed metrics may have synergistic potential for supporting clinical decision making during follow‐up of patients with glioma.
Bloch simulator–driven deep recurrent neural network for magnetization transfer contrast MR fingerprinting and CEST imaging
Authors: Singh Munendra , Jiang Shanshan , Li Yuguo , van Zijl Peter , Zhou Jinyuan , Heo Hye‐Young 
Published: June 2023

PurposeTo develop a unified deep‐learning framework by combining an ultrafast Bloch simulator and a semisolid macromolecular magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) MR fingerprinting (MRF) reconstruction for estimation of MTC effects.MethodsThe Bloch simulator and MRF reconstruction architectures were designed with recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks, evaluated with numerical phantoms with known ground truths and cross‐linked bovine serum albumin phantoms, and demonstrated in the brain of healthy volunteers at 3 T. In addition, the inherent magnetization‐transfer ratio asymmetry effect was evaluated in MTC‐MRF, CEST, and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging. A test–retest study was performed to evaluate the repeatability of MTC parameters, CEST, and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement signals estimated by the unified deep‐learning framework.ResultsCompared with a conventional Bloch simulation, the deep Bloch simulator for generation of the MTC‐MRF dictionary or a training data set reduced the computation time by 181‐fold, without compromising MRF profile accuracy. The recurrent neural network–based MRF reconstruction outperformed existing methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy and noise robustness. Using the proposed MTC‐MRF framework for tissue‐parameter quantification, the test–retest study showed a high degree of repeatability in which the coefficients of variance were less than 7% for all tissue parameters.ConclusionBloch simulator–driven, deep‐learning MTC‐MRF can provide robust and repeatable multiple‐tissue parameter quantification in a clinically feasible scan time on a 3T scanner.
A review of fused filament fabrication of continuous natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: Techniques and materials
Authors: Tao Yubo , Li Peng , Zhang Jingfa , Wang Shoujuan , Shi Sheldon Q. , Kong Fangong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe combination of continuous natural fiber and fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing enables the manufacturing of low carbon emitting, environment friendly, lightweight, and high strength biomass composites with designated geometry characteristics. In current literature, reviews associated with continuous fiber 3D printing primarily cover synthetic fibers, such as carbon fiber, Kevlar, and glass fiber. Very few pieces of literature on the FFF printing of continuous natural fibers are available. Techniques/methodologies for incorporating continuous natural fiber reinforcements in FFF is an emerging field of research. A comprehensive review and discussion on current progress and the future prospects of continuous natural fiber 3D printing would be beneficial to its development. This article summarizes the current research status of continuous natural fiber 3D printing, including information on printing techniques, materials, and the influence of printing parameters on composite properties, so as to provide reference for the future development of FFF technology using continuous natural fiber and thermoplastic composites.
Application of process safety management principles to laboratory safety management
Authors: Bin Yep Abu Muhammad Rithaudin , Lim Kok Hwa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractManagement of teaching and research laboratories at the university becomes increasingly complex when they become hybrid laboratories that function as both concurrently. To ensure the safety of people and assets, selected process safety management elements were adopted to establish a robust approach to laboratory safety management. These elements were adapted to meet the requirements of a regularly changing work environment (i.e., research activities) and laboratory users (i.e., undergraduates and researchers). The application focused on the user as well as technical aspects, ranging from employee participation to management of change. The fundamental objective was to create and sustain a laboratory safety culture that protects all laboratory users and minimizes asset damage.