bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЯДЕРНО-ЕКОЛОГІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА СВІТОВОЇ ЯДЕРНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ НА ЕТАПІ ЧЕТВЕРТОГО ГЛОБАЛЬОГО ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО ПЕРЕХОДУ
Authors: Кордуба Ірина Богданівна 
Published: June 2023

Для світової ядерної енергетики нинішній глобальний енергетичний перехід став найважчим випробувальним етапом за всю її історію. Його причиною стали сучасні демографічні процеси. Починаючи з 2011 р., в світовій ядерній енергетиці продовжуються проектні терміни експлуатації старих ядерних енергетичних блоків (ЯЕРБ), модернізуються старі та будуються нові ЯЕРБ. Але проблеми технологічної, експлуатаційної та ядерно-екологічної безпеки сучасного розвитку світової ядерної енергетики залишаються багато в чому не вивченими. Тому в роботі виконано аналіз стану та перспектив забезпечення ядерно-екологічної безпеки світового ядерного енергетичного комплексу (ЯЕК), виходячи з особливостей його еволюції в нинішню епоху четвертого глобального енергетичного переходу. Найбільшу загрозу для майбутнього існування світового ЯЕК несуть людський фактор та запроектні ядерні аварії і катастрофи, які завжди були наслідком непередбачених проектами вкрай малоймовірних комбінацій вихідних аварійних подій. Для ліквідації наслідків цих аварій персонал не мав відповідної підготовки та обладнання. В наступні 20-30 років вклад ядерної енергетики в загальну світову електрогенерацію, більше як 10%, зможуть зберегти тільки Північна Америка, Європа, країни колишнього СРСР та розвинені країни Азії, але при можливому зменшенні цього показника до 6-4%. Світова ядерна енергетика продовжує існувати і розвиватися при наявності чималого списку невирішених проблем її ядерно-екологічної безпеки разом з відсутністю технологічно гарантованих надійних і безпечних ядерних енергетичних технологій серед усього пулу існуючих та розроблюваних нових проектів, що залишаються невирішеними і на сьогодні, та в перспективі на десятиліття. МАГАТЕ та провідні експерти світу, виходячи з нинішньої ситуації, що склалася в світовій ядерній енергетиці, акцентують на необхідності створення її абсолютної ядерно-екологічної безпеки.
Radiation-induced cavernous malformations in the spine: patient series
Authors: Koester Stefan W. , Scherschinski Lea , Srinivasan Visish M. , Karahalios Katherine , Rumalla Kavelin , Benner Dimitri , Catapano Joshua S. , Spetzler Robert F. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Radiation-induced spinal cord cavernous malformations (RISCCMs) are a rare subset of central nervous system lesions and are more clinically aggressive than congenital cavernous malformations (CMs). The authors assessed the characteristics and outcomes of patients with RISCCM at a single institution and systematically reviewed the pertinent literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

OBSERVATIONS
Among the 146 spinal CMs at the authors’ institution, 3 RISCCMs were found. Symptom duration ranged from 0.1 to 8.5 months (mean [standard deviation], 3.2 [4.6] months), and latency ranged from 16 to 29 years (22.4 [9.6] years). All 3 RISCCMs were surgically treated with complete resection; 2 patients had stable outcomes, and 1 improved postoperatively. A review of 1240 articles revealed 20 patients with RISCCMs. Six of these patients were treated with resection, 13 were treated conservatively, and in 1 case, the treatment type was not stated. Five of the 6 patients treated surgically reported improvement postoperatively or at follow-up; 1 was stable, and none reported worsened outcomes.

LESSONS
RISCCMs are rare sequelae following radiation that inadvertently affect the spinal cord. Altogether, the frequency of stable and improved outcomes on follow-up suggests that resection could prevent further patient decline caused by symptoms of RISCCM. Therefore, surgical management should be considered primary therapy in patients presenting with RISCCMs.
Testing of sand from recreational areas and sandpits in Warsaw, for presence of Ascaris Lumbricoides and Toxocara spp.
Authors: Matras A , Stasiak A , Chmielewski T , Kaczmarek A 
Published: June 2023

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><strong>INTRODUCTION.</strong> Improper maintenance of the cleanliness of sand in sandboxes can be a source of human pathogenic helminths, including <em>Toxocara</em> spp., <em>Enterobius vermicularis</em>, <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em>, leading to parasitic infections.<br />AIM OF THE STUDY. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sanitary condition of sandboxes in playgrounds and recreational areas in Warsaw for the presence of Human roundworm (<em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em>) and <em>Toxocara</em> spp. in sand.<br /><strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS.</strong> 450 sand samples from 90 sandboxes in the city of Warsaw were analyzed. The flotation method was used for the study, and the material was evaluated using a light microscope.<br /><strong>RESULTS.</strong> The conducted examinations did not reveal the presence of parasite eggs, indicating that hygiene rules were observed and appropriate recommendations were followed.<br /><strong>CONCLUSIONS.</strong> The analyzed sand samples are free of the tested parasites.<br /><br /><strong>STRESZCZENIE</strong><br /><strong>WSTĘP</strong>. Niewłaściwe utrzymywanie stanu czystości piasku w piaskownicach może być źródłem występowania helmintów chorobotwórczych dla ludzi m.in. <em>Toxocara</em> spp., <em>Enterobius vermicularis</em>, <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em>,<br />które prowadzą do zakażeń pasożytniczych.<br /><strong>CEL PRACY.</strong> Celem pracy była ocena stanu sanitarnego piaskownic na placach zabawach i terenach rekreacyjnych w Warszawie pod względem obecności glisty ludzkiej (<em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em>) oraz <em>Toxocara</em> spp.<br />w piasku.<br /><strong>MATERIAŁ I METODY</strong>. Analizie poddano 450 próbek piasku z 90 piaskownic na terenie miasta Warszawy. Do badań wykorzystano metodę flotacji, a materiał oceniano z wykorzystaniem mikroskopu świetlnego.<br /><strong>WYNIKI.</strong> Przeprowadzone badania nie wykazały obecności jaj pasożytów, co wskazuje na zachowanie zasad higieny i przestrzeganie odpowiednich zaleceń.<br /><strong>WNIOSKI.</strong> Poddane analizie próbki piasku są wolne od badanych pasożytów.</p>
Comparison of Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Patients in Gastroenterology Ward At Admission and During Discharge
Authors: Ali Haider Salahuddin Mohammed , Paul Binoy , Mohsin Mostafa Noor , Ul Islam Syed Mahtab , Ahmed Ershad Uddin , Sarker Md Khalequzzaman , Raihan A S M A 
Published: June 2023

Background: Malnutrition is a state of nutrition in which a deficiency and excess of energy, protein and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue or body function and clinical outcome. The aim of study were to find out proportion of malnutrition during hospital admission and to observe the change of nutritional status of the patients during hospital stay.
Materials and methods: This is a serial cross sectional study performed at Gastroenterology Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka during a period of May to December 2009. The nutritional status was assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI) and Mid Arm Circumference (MAC). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program and simple frequency distribution table. 202 patients were included in this study, 114 were male and 88 were female. 32 patients were over 60 years of age.
Results: Out of 202 patients, 57 patients had chronic liver disease (28.2%) 44 patients had intestinal tuberculosis (21.8%) 18 patients had intestinal lymphoma (8.9%) 30 patients had GI malignancy (14.9%) and 53 patients had others gastrointestinal disorders (26.2%). Prevalence of malnutrition during hospital admission was 32.7%. Out of 202 patients, 66 patients (32.7%) were found to be malnourished at 1st day of hospital admission whereas 83 patients (41.1%) were malnourished at the time of discharge. Lowest recorded BMI was 14.8 and highest was 28.4 (19.9 mean ± 2.9 SD) whereas lowest recorded MAC was 15 and highest MAC was 34 (22.8 mean ± 3.4SD) during hospital admission. 14% patients had very poor appetite. Out of 145 patients who were hospitalized for 14 days or less, 34 (23.4%) and 32 (22.1%) patients had significant decreased MAC and BMI respectively. Out of 57 patients admitted for more than 14 days, 24 patients (42.1%) had significant decrease in BMI whereas 14 patients (24.6%) had significant decrease in MAC.
Conclusion: Nutritional status of the patients during hospital stay has changed significantly in relation to disease pattern
JCMCTA 2020 ; 31 (1) : 19-25
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication by Levofloxacin Based Triple Therapy in Patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Alam Md Razibul , Arefin Muhammad Sayedul , Sarkar Md Abdul Mumit , Ohab MA , Rahman Md Zahidur , Kabir Md Anwarul 
Published: June 2023

Background: Clarithromycin resistance globally has challenged the success of conventional Clarithromycin based triple therapy for Helicobacter Pylori eradication. Levofloxacin has primarily been considered as a second-line treatment but may also be used as primary therapy. Recently, some studies have evaluated its efficacy as a valid alternative to standard antibiotics as first-line therapy for H. pylori infection. This study was intended to assess the eradication success of Levofloxacin based first-line triple therapy and also to see it’s compliance & adverse effect profile.
Materials and methods: This non-randomized single-arm clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology, BSMMU from March 2016 to March 2017 involving 123 H. pylori-positive patients with endoscopically proven peptic ulcer disease to assess the eradication success of levofloxacin based first-line triple therapy and also to see its compliance and adverse effect profile. H. pylori status were detected by urea breath test. Patients were treated with amoxycillin 1 gm 12 hourly, levofloxacin 500 mg 12 hourly and omeprazole 20 mg 12 hourly for 14 days and were followed-up at 2 months after completion of therapy for repeat urea breath test.
Results: A total of 97 patients returned for followup. Male proportion was 63.41% and female was 36.58% with the median age of 57 years. On intention-to-treat analysis, the eradication rate of H. pylori was 65.85% and on per-protocol analysis, it was 83.50%. Total 15.44% patients developed adverse effects, all were mild to moderate in nature. One patient discontinued treatment because of epigastric pain and vomiting.
Conclusion: Levofloxacin-based therapy was effective, well-tolerated and compliance was excellent; but the eradication rate was not satisfactory.
JCMCTA 2020 ; 31 (1) : 102-107
PD-L1 aptamer-functionalized degradable hafnium oxide nanoparticles for near infrared-II diagnostic imaging and radiosensitization
Authors: Wei Min , Shen Xiao , Fan Xueqi , Li Jiwei , Bai Jingwen 
Published: June 2023

Immune checkpoint blockade is now recognized as a paradigm-shifting cancer therapeutic strategy, whereas there remains difficulty in accurately predicting immunotherapy efficacy by PD-L1 expression. In addition, radiotherapy for cancer patients faces the problem of insufficient dose of radiotherapy at the tumor site while which have been not tolerated by normal tissues. In this study, we created PD-L1 aptamer-anchored spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) with a shell made of PD-L1 aptamer and indocyanine green (ICG) embedded in a mesoporous hafnium oxide nanoparticle core (Hf@ICG-Apt). Upon low pH irradiation in the tumor sites, the nano-system enabled the release of ICG in the high PD-L1 expression tumor to develop a high tumor-to-background ratio of 7.97 ± 0.76 and enhanced the ICG tumor retention to more than 48 h. Moreover, Hf@ICG-Apt improved radiation therapy (RT) when combined with radiation. Notably, Hf@ICG-Apt showed scarcely any systemic toxicity in vivo. Overall, this research offered a novel approach for applying reliable monitoring of PD-L1 expression and localization and robust RT sensitization against cancer with good biosafety.
Sex-Specific Development in Haplodiploid Honeybee Is Controlled by the Female-Embryo-Specific Activation of Thousands of Intronic LncRNAs
Authors: Wang Miao , Chen Dong , Zheng Huoqing , Zhao Liuwei , Xue Xiaofeng , Yu Fengyun , Zhang Yu , Cheng Chao , Niu Qingsheng , Wang Shuai , Zhang Yi , Wu Liming 
Published: June 2023

Graphical AbstractCurrent working model of the three waves of ZGA in diploid embryos, and the slow maternal degradation in haploid embryos.
The bladder microbiome of NMIBC and MIBC patients revealed by 2bRAD-M
Authors: Sun Jian-Xuan , Xia Qi-Dong , Zhong Xing-Yu , Liu Zheng , Wang Shao-Gang 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundBladder cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract which can be divided into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and their microbial differences are not fully understood. This study was conducted by performing 2bRAD sequencing for Microbiome (2bRAD-M) on NMIBC and MIBC tissue samples to investigate the microbiota differences between NMIBC and MIBC individuals.MethodsA total of 22 patients with BCa, including 7 NMIBC and 15 MIBC, were recruited. Tumor tissues were surgically removed as samples and DNA was extracted. Type IIB restriction endonucleases were used to enzymatically cleave the microbial genome for each microbe’s tag and map it to species-specific 2bRAD markers to enable qualitative and quantitative studies of microbes between MIBC and NMIBC tissues.ResultsA total of 527 species were detected. The microbial diversity of NMIBC tissues was significantly higher than that of MIBC tissues. Microbial composition of the two tumor tissues was similar, where Ralstonia_sp000620465 was the most dominant species. 4 species (Acinetobacter_guillouiae, Anoxybacillus_A_rupiensis, Brevibacillus_agri and Staphylococcus_lugdunensis) were enriched in NMIBC, while Ralstonia_mannitolilytica, Ralstonia_pickettii, and Ralstonia_sp000620465 were overrepresented in MIBC. 252 discriminatory character taxa were also revealed by linear discriminant analysis effect sizea (LEfSe). Species importance point plots identified Ralstonia_sp000620465, Cutibacterium_acnes and Ralstonia_pickettii as the three most important species between the two groups. Meanwhile, functional annotation analysis showed 3011 different COGs and 344 related signaling pathways between MIBC and NMIBC microbiome.ConclusionThis first 2bRAD-M microbiome study on MIBC and NMIBC tissues revealed significant differences in the microbial environment between the two groups, which implies a potential association between tumor microbial dysbiosis and BCa, and provides a possible target and basis for subsequent studies on the mechanisms of BCa development and progression.
Pilot study of positive airway pressure usage, patient journey and program engagement for users of a digital obstructive sleep apnea program
Authors: Kumar Shefali , Rudie Emma , Dorsey Cynthia , Caswell Kimberly , Blase Amy , Sert Kuniyoshi Fatima , Benjafield Adam V. , Sullivan Shannon S. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis single-arm, decentralized pilot study assessed patient journey, positive airway pressure (PAP) usage and program satisfaction for users of an entirely virtual telemedicine program for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis and management. This analysis focuses specifically on the subset of participants in the program who were diagnosed with OSA and prescribed PAP therapy.MethodsThe Verily Clinical Studies Platform was used for virtual screening, consent, and enrolling eligible patients from North Carolina and Texas. After completing the virtual OSA diagnosis process, participants diagnosed with OSA and prescribed PAP therapy downloaded the program's mobile app. The app featured tools such as educational content, live coaching support, and motivational enhancement.ResultsOf the patients included in this analysis (N = 105), the majority were female (58%), and white (90%). The mean time from first televisit to PAP initiation was 29.2 (SD 12.8) days and f 68 out of the 105 patients (65%) reached 90-day adherence. On average, patients used their PAP device for 4.4 h per day, and 5.4 h on days used. Engagement with the app was associated with higher rates of PAP adherence. Adherent individuals used the mobile app 52 out of the 90 days on average, compared to non-adherent individuals who used the app on 35 out of the 90 days on average (p = 0.0003).ConclusionsAll of the 105 patients in this program diagnosed with OSA and prescribed PAP therapy were able to efficiently complete the entire OSA diagnostic pathway. The majority of these individuals also were able to adhere to their prescribed PAP therapy and had clinically meaningful PAP usage rates over the 90 days of therapy. Future studies might further evaluate the impact of this type of end-to-end virtual program on longer-term adherence and clinical outcomes over time.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04599803?term=NCT04599803&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=1, identifier NCT04599803.
Randomized control trial of a childhood obesity prevention family-based program: “Abriendo Caminos” and effects on BMI
Authors: Teran-Garcia Margarita , Hammons Amber J. , Olvera Norma , Greder Kimberly , Plaza-Delrestre Maria , Andrade Flavia Cristina Drumond , Fiese Barbara , Wiley Angela R. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundHispanic individuals are at increased risk for obesity and other chronic health conditions. This article evaluates the effect of a family-based, childhood obesity primary prevention intervention in a community setting.MethodsA multi-site, randomized controlled trial community program with assessments at pre (T0), post-program (T1), and 6-months post-program (T2). Participating families were recruited from five sites. Only families of Mexican or Puerto Rican heritage with a least one child between 6 and 18 years were included in the study, without weight restrictions. Families were randomized to the intervention and control arms. Intervention families received six-2 h weekly workshops. Control families received printed generic nutrition and wellness information. Heights and weights were measured at the 3-time points to calculate BMI z-scores, BMI-percentiles, and weight status using age- and sex-specific growth charts, according to the CDC guidelines.ResultsThere were no differences in BMI-z scores between children in the intervention (n = 239) and control groups (n = 187) at T0. BMI z-scores decreased in the intervention group (−0.03, 95% CI, −0.066, −0.003, p = 0.032) at T1, but not in the control group at T1. Changes in BMI z-scores were not statistically significant at T2.ConclusionThe Abriendo Caminos intervention effectively prevented unhealthy weight gain in Hispanic children in the short-term, but not at 6-months post-intervention. Younger children and girls benefited more from the program at 6-months post-intervention. Additional efforts are needed to sustain long-term changes. Culturally-tailored programs can provide families with the knowledge to produce short-term changes and a potential pathway for sustainable changes in implementing healthy behaviors.
Comparison of bleeding risk and hypofibrinogenemia-associated risk factors between tigecycline with cefoperazone/sulbactam therapy and other tigecycline-based combination therapies
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cai Xinfeng , Peng Fangchen , Tian Shuangshuang , Wu Xinjing , Li Yun , Guo Jinlin 
Published: June 2023

Background: Tigecycline and cefoperazone/sulbactam can cause coagulation disorders; tigecycline may also lead to hypofibrinogenemia, raising safety concerns. This study aimed to investigate whether tigecycline plus cefoperazone/sulbactam increases the risk of bleeding compared with other tigecycline-based combination therapies and identify risk factors for tigecycline-associated hypofibrinogenemia.Methods: In this multi-method, multicenter, retrospective study, coagulation and other baseline variables were compared using a cohort study, and risk factors for hypofibrinogenemia using a case-control study.Results: The 451 enrolled participants were divided into three group: tigecycline plus cefoperazone/sulbactam (Group A, 193 patients), tigecycline plus carbapenems (Group B, 200 patients) and tigecycline plus β-lactams without N-methylthio-tetrazole (NMTT) side chains (Group C, 58 patients). Activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged, and fibrinogen declined for all patients after tigecycline-based medication (all p &lt; 0.05). Prothrombin time in Group B was significantly longer than in other groups (p &lt; 0.05), but there were no significant differences in bleeding events between the three groups (p = 0.845). Age greater than 80 years (OR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.07–7.60), treatment duration (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.19–1.41), daily dose (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.29–5.25), total bilirubin (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02) and basal fibrinogen (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14–1.63) were independent risk factors of hypofibrinogenemia. The optimal cut-off for treatment course was 6 days for high-dose and 11 days for low-dose.Conclusion: Tigecycline plus cefoperazone/sulbactam did not increase the risk of bleeding compared with tigecycline plus carbapenem, or tigecycline plus β-lactam antibiotics without NMTT-side-chains. Coagulation function should be closely monitored in patients receiving tigecycline treatment.
Age and sex-specific stroke epidemiology in COVID-19
Authors: Kim Youngran , Parekh Maria A. , Li Xiaojin , Huang Yan , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Manwani Bharti 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundCOVID-19 has emerged as an independent risk factor for stroke. We aimed to determine age and sex-specific stroke incidence and risk factors with COVID-19 in the US using a large electronic health record (EHR) that included both inpatients and outpatients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using individual-level data from Optum® de-identified COVID-19 EHR. A total of 387,330 individuals aged ≥ 18 with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 were included. The primary outcome was cumulative incidence of stroke after COVID-19 confirmation within 180 days of follow-up or until death. Kaplan–Meier cumulative incidence curves for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and a composite outcome of all strokes were stratified by sex and age, and the differences in curves were assessed using a log-rank test. The relative risk of stroke by demographics and risk factors was estimated using multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regressions and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).ResultsOf 387,330 COVID-19 patients, 2,752 patients (0.71%, 95% CI 0.68–0.74) developed stroke during the 180-day follow-up, AIS in 0.65% (95% CI 0.62–0.67), and ICH in 0.11% (95% CI 0.10–0.12). Of strokes among COVID-19 patients, 57% occurred within 3 days. Advanced age was associated with a substantially higher stroke risk, with aHR 6.92 (5.72–8.38) for ages 65–74, 9.42 (7.74–11.47) for ages 75–84, and 11.35 (9.20–14.00) for ages 85 and older compared to ages 18–44 years. Men had a 32% higher risk of stroke compared to women. African-American [aHR 1.78 (1.61–1.97)] and Hispanic patients [aHR 1.48 (1.30–1.69)] with COVID-19 had an increased risk of stroke compared to white patients.ConclusionThis study has several important findings. AIS and ICH risk in patients with COVID-19 is highest in the first 3 days of COVID-19 positivity; this risk decreases with time. The incidence of stroke in patients with COVID-19 (both inpatient and outpatient) is 0.65% for AIS and 0.11% for ICH during the 180-day follow-up. Traditional stroke risk factors increase the risk of stroke in patients with COVID-19. Male sex is an independent risk factor for stroke in COVID-19 patients across all age groups. African-American and Hispanic patients have a higher risk of stroke from COVID-19.