bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disclosure of the six capitals in strategy, risk and performance sections: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Steenkamp Amy C.R. , Maroun Warren , Padia Nirupa , Ecim Dusan 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This article assesses the integration of multi-capitals in the strategy, risk and performance disclosures in 240 integrated reports of 30 South African-listed companies between 2013 and 2020.Design/methodology/approach: A disclosure checklist is developed interpretively, based on prior literature dealing with integrated reporting and thinking. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to evaluate the level of detail of multi-capital disclosures in the strategy, risk and performance sections of the sampled companies’ integrated reports. Descriptive trends are discussed, and non-parametric tests were conducted to explore associations between the grouping variables (year, industry and market capitalisation) and level of detail and capital presence, respectively.Findings/results: Companies are increasingly adopting a multi-capital approach to risk management, decision-making, strategies and operations and are disclosing the inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes in their integrated reports. The disclosure of multi-capital outcomes increases as an integrated logic takes hold in the companies. Significant positive associations were evident between the level of detail and the grouping variables. On average, companies included between four and six capitals in all integrated report sections. Financial capital and social and relationship capital were most prominent. Natural capital was the least referenced.Practical implications: This article provides companies with a practical method to evaluate and enhance their integrated reporting strategies focussing on a holistic adoption of multi-capitals in strategy, risk and performance sections.Originality/value: The longitudinal nature of the study, can add to the growing body of research on integrated thinking and reporting, particularly from a developing economy perspective.
Role of Personality and Self-esteem in Acne Vulgaris: A Case–control Study from Southern India
Authors: Bondade Swapna , Hosthota Abhineetha , Kalakota Naresh , Vignesh Rama Krishna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules in various parts such as the face, chest, and back. Acne vulgaris also is associated with depression, anxiety, and disability. Patients with acne could have significant psychological consequences such as decreased self-esteem and impaired quality of life. They are also observed to develop personality traits and disorders. This study aims to study the personality traits and self-esteem among patients with acne.

Methodology:
This is a case–control study that included 100 patients with acne who are aged 18–45 years. One hundred sex- and age-matched controls were also included in the study. Acne was graded depending on severity, considering the predominant lesions, and personality was assessed using the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES). Past histories of psychiatric disorders, pregnancy, lactation, mental retardation, and acne-worsening drugs were excluded from the study.

Results:
Acne was predominant in female gender (69%). Face was the most commonly involved area (82%), and papules were the most prevalent lesion type (64%). The mean RSES score was higher in controls (19.74 ± 4.23) than in cases (15.72 ± 5.06). The mean neuroticism scores were higher in cases (17.12 ± 3.048), as compared to controls (7.30 ± 2.418). The mean extraversion scores were lower in cases (13.80 ± 3.149) when compared to controls (15.46 ± 2.984).

Conclusion:
Acne patients had significantly higher neuroticism and lower extraversion compared to controls. Self-esteem scores were lower in acne patients.
Bringing Value at the Physical and Mental Health Interface: A Retrospective Record-based Research of Diagnostic Concordance between Physicians/Surgeons and Psychiatrists
Authors: Malik Yogender Kumar , Ray Adwitiya , Sethi Sujata , Gupta Rajiv 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) serves as a vital bridge between psychiatric and medical specialties, offering expert opinions and educational support. Despite high psychiatric comorbidities, referral rates in most parts of the world remain low. Poor psychiatric awareness, stemming from inadequate undergraduate psychiatric training, may contribute to the difficulty in detecting these symptoms. Studying concordance between psychiatric diagnoses made by referring doctors and psychiatrists can shed light on this area.

Aims:
This study aims to explore the concordance between diagnoses made by physicians and psychiatrists.

Settings and Design:
A 3-year retrospective record-based research was conducted at a tertiary care center.

Methods:
The study focused on in-patient referrals to the CLP unit. Data from 2917 referral calls included demographic profiles, referral reasons, and diagnoses. The Concordance was assessed using kappa statistics, with interpretation based on Landis and Koch’s criteria.

Results:
Delirium emerged as the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis, followed by depressive disorders, alcohol dependence, adjustment disorder, and opioid dependence. Referral patterns showed limited use of specific psychiatric terms by physicians (5.9%). Concordance varied across diagnoses, with substance use and intentional self-harm displaying substantial agreement, while delirium and depression had lower concordance.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the prevalence of delirium in CLP referrals and emphasizes the need for collaboration between CLPs and physicians. It also reveals a limited use of specific psychiatric diagnoses by referring doctors, suggesting potential gaps in psychiatric awareness. The findings underscore the importance of targeted educational interventions and increased collaboration to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
Auditory System Abnormalities in Early Graying of Hair: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Panwar Shubham , Gopinath Hima , Bakshi Satvinder S. , Kalidoss Vinoth K. , Das Soumyajit , Sambangi Jahnavi , Seepana Ramesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Melanocytes in the hair and melanocytes in the stria vascularis of the inner ear have common origins. Many congenital and acquired disorders of cutaneous pigmentation have auditory abnormalities. There is a paucity of studies on the auditory associations of early graying.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of the study was to determine the association between early graying and auditory system abnormalities.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was done on 100 patients with early graying and 100 controls. Pure tone audiometry was done at 0.25 to 4 kHz for bone conduction, conventional and high frequencies from 0.25 to 8 kHz for air conduction, and extended high frequencies from 9 kHz to 20 kHz for air conduction in both ears.

Results:
Bilateral hearing loss >25 dB was present in three patients with early graying based on the four-frequency average of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Patients with early graying had significantly higher thresholds for hearing except at 0.25 kHz in the right ears and 0.25, 2, 10, and 11 kHz in the left ears.

Limitations:
We did not assess cochlear function with otoacoustic emissions, and our study design did not allow us to assess causality and temporal association.

Conclusions:
Our study found that early graying may be a visible marker of changes in auditory thresholds. Patients with early graying need periodic auditory evaluations and health education to prevent further hearing loss.
Opioid-induced pancreatitis: A case study
Authors: Koul Anuka , Kaur Jaspreet , Attri Sahil , Arora Navneet 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Opioids, the class of drugs, frequently used for pain relief in acute pancreatitis are known to act as a dual-edged sword. They are capable of causing acute pancreatitis though very rare.

Patient’s Concern:
A 45-year-old male presented with complaints of acute onset, severe pain in the abdomen, radiating to the back. The symptoms were preceded by regular oral intake of opium.

Diagnosis:
Opioid-induced pancreatitis.

Interventions:
He was managed conservatively with non-opioid analgesic-acetaminophen 15 mg/kg every 6 hours along with intravenous Ringer’s lactate for 5 days.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged in stable vitals.

Lessons:
Drug-induced pancreatitis, though a rare entity, must be dealt with a high degree of suspicion once the other common factors are ruled out. Thus, this case highlights the importance that opioids can act as a double-edged sword in the way that it is given for pain relief in patients suffering from pancreatitis and can also be the culprit in causing it.
Risk factors associated with mortality among vaccinated COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Lajmiri Hossein , Ahmadi Nioosha , Ebrahimi Saeedeh , Nikoo Hadi Razavi , Farrokhnia Mehrdad , Heidari Elham , Mousavi Elham 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To explore the underlying causes of death among vaccinated COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
The medical record of COVID-19 patients admitted to the main COVID-19 referral center in southeast Iran from January to March 2022 was investigated. Then, risk factors for mortality were statistically assessed.

Results:
92 patients were included, with 50 in infectious disease ward and 42 in ICU ward. In total, 37% of patients succumbed to COVID-19. The median age of those who died was 69.9 years. Dementia and genitourinary system-related diseases was associated with an increased risk of death [6.00 (95% CI: 1.14-31.66) and 4.93 (95% CI: 1.80-13.52)]. Furthermore, the elevated levels of white blood cells, neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were associated with an increased risk of death by 4.93 (95% CI: 1.82-13.36), 16.57 (95% CI: 2.10-131.31), 3.23 (95% CI: 1.15-9.03), 4.48 (95% CI: 1.78-11.31), and 4.27 (95% CI: 1.49-12.22), respectively.

Conclusions:
Despite receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, individuals who suffer from dementia and genitourinary system-related diseases are at risk of death with new strains of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the increase of white blood cell, neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in patients’ blood can be considered as warning indicators of disease progression and death.
Empowering the Next Generation: Strategies and Importance of Smoking Cessation
Authors: Samajdar Shambo Samrat , Chatterjee Rupak , Mukherjee Shatavisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
World No Tobacco Day 2024 offers a critical platform to address the pervasive issue of tobacco use among youth and cancer patients. The theme “Protecting Children from Tobacco Industry Interference” underscores the urgency of shielding young people from the predatory marketing tactics of the tobacco industry, which aims to create a new generation of lifelong consumers. This article outlines the alarming reality of tobacco use among youth, the industry’s manipulative strategies, the health risks associated with tobacco, India’s measures against tobacco use, and a call to action to protect the next generation.
Prolonged Median Motor Distal Latency: What If not Carpal Tunnel Syndrome but Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy?
Authors: Baslo Sezin Alpaydin , Daryan Metin Dedei , Yusifov Mahir , Senadim Songül , Sirin Nermin Görkem , Atakli Dilek , Soysal Aysun , Baslo Mehmet Baris 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The wrist is the only segment where both sensory and motor conduction of the same nerve can be studied through routine nerve conduction studies. This study aims to evaluate how two diseases with different pathophysiologies, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), differ in terms of median nerve conduction at the wrist.

Materials and Methods:
Patients hospitalized and diagnosed as having Guillain–Barré syndrome between 2013 and 2021 were screened from the hospital database. Electrodiagnostic subtype classification was performed according to the Rajabally criteria, retrospectively. Patients with AIDP along with age-matched patients with CTS were re-evaluated. Only the data of patients with prolonged median motor distal latency (≥4.0 ms) were included and analyzed.

Results:
The motor distal latencies recorded in patients with AIDP were significantly more prolonged and the compound muscle action potential amplitudes were significantly lower than those with CTS (P ≤ 0.001). Among the recordable sensory responses, hands with AIDP revealed significantly lower sensory nerve action potential amplitudes than hands with CTS (P ≤ 0.001) although their peak latencies were shorter (P ≤ 0.001) and conduction velocities were faster (P ≤ 0.001). The motor distal latency of the median nerve in patients with AIDP was not correlated with the sensory peak latency, unlike in patients with CTS.

Conclusion:
Median nerve sensory response, if present, tends to conduct faster in AIDP compared with CTS although the motor distal latency is profoundly prolonged.
Status, Gaps and Challenges in Menstrual Health in India: A Systematic Review
Authors: Joshi Priyanka , Sharma Rakesh , Jain Geeta , Kaur Gunjot , Jelly Prasuna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current status of menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in India. Inclusion criteria were (1) studies from India, (2) articles published in peer-reviewed journals, (3) any study design reporting menstruation health, (4) articles published in the English language and (5) study participants being adolescent girls aged 12–19 years. All the studies were systematically reviewed, and their quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A total of 52 studies were included. The studies reported that majority of adolescent girls had a basic understanding of menstruation mechanics and predominantly used sanitary napkins. However, challenges persisted due to cultural taboos and inadequate hygiene facilities, particularly in rural schools and communities. Despite these hurdles, there was a rise in the awareness and the use of sanitary products over the years; furthermore, there was a positive impact of various government programmes and schemes, which has enhanced the knowledge and improved menstrual health management among adolescent girls, resulting in reduced absenteeism from schools. Further, a very few studies reported about the discard of menstrual waste material, and majority were not aware of the discard method. There is a gap in the effectiveness of governmental programmes, which aim to enhance menstrual hygiene by providing the sanitary products and the waste disposal facilities. To improve menstrual hygiene in India, comprehensive educational initiatives are needed to address misconceptions and stigma, when simultaneously enhancing access to affordable sanitary products and environmentally safe disposal facilities.
Assessment of acute toxicity cases with disturbed consciousness in Tanta University poison treating center
Authors: Morsy Yasmien S. , Wahdan Amira A. , Abo El-Noor Mona M. , Kabbash Abdel-Moty M. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Patients with disturbed consciousness due to poisoning are considered neurologic emergencies that represent a challenge for clinicians.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess acute poisoned cases with disturbed consciousness regarding sociodemographic data, toxicological data, consciousness level, and outcome.

Patients and methods
This cohort study was conducted on 241 cases of acute toxicity with disturbed consciousness admitted to Tanta University Poison Treating Center (TUPTC) from January 2017 to the end of December 2018.

Results
Acute poisoned cases with disturbed consciousness represented 9.5% of total admitted cases. Most of the cases were in the age group less than 30 years with male predominance. Poisoning was mainly suicidal. Psychotropic drugs were the most common finding. Most of the cases were discharged after improvement and did not need intensive care unit (ICU) admission or mechanical ventilation. A significant association was found between consciousness level, mortality, need for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. Survivors and nonsurvivors showed a significant difference regarding consciousness level. A significantly higher percentage of the nonsurvivors showed a lower GCS (≤8) and a high need for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. In addition, a significant negative correlation between consciousness level and the time passed till complete regaining of consciousness, normalization of vital signs and hospital stay was found.

Conclusion
The mortality rate among cases of the study was 10.8%. The non-survivors showed a marked reduction in consciousness level and a high need for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. Pesticides were the most frequently consumed poison among them.
Six minutes-walk test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicated by pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by echocardiography
Authors: Amer Eman A. , Abdullah Taimor M. , Hantera Mohamed S. , Elshafey Basem I. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogenous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms.

Aim
To assess 6 minutes-walk-test in COPD patients who develop secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) diagnosed by echocardiography.

Patients and methods
This comparative interventional study included 30 individuals categorized into three equal groups: group I: healthy persons (mean age 38.90±4.53), group II: COPD patients (mean age 46.40±4.65) and group III: COPD patients complicated with secondary PH (mean age 58.00±4.37).

Results
There was significant positive correlation between 6 min-walk distance and forced expiratory volume in one sec (FEV1) % of predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC)% of predicted, FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate, Forced expiratory flow 25–75%, partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation level, tricusped annular plane systolic excursion and pulmonary acceleration time. There was a significant negative correlation between 6 min-walk distance and partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricle diameter, right arterial diameter, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, duration of disease and smoking. There was significant positive correlation between mMRC and CAT score and partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricle diameter and right arterial diameter. There was significant negative correlation between mMRC score and CAT score and FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FVC, peak expiratory flow rate, Forced expiratory flow 25–75% of predicted, Partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation level, tricusped annular plane systolic excursion, and pulmonary acceleration time.

Conclusion
PH occurrence among those having COPD is linked to a bad life quality. Six minutes-walk-test exhibits correlation with dyspnea severity among those having COPD.
Epidemiological study of injury patterns, mechanisms, and outcomes of polytrauma patients
Authors: Sheir Shaimaa M. , Bahnasawy Mohammed G. , El-Afifi Mahmoud A. , El-Henidy Mohammed A. , Nassar Esraa H. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Trauma represents the most common reason for mortality under 40 years.

Aim
To study different factors that may affect the outcome of polytrauma patients.

Patients and methods
Our prospective study involved 3000 patients, ages 18 months to 82 years, with polytrauma with different modes of trauma: vehicle accidents, falling from a height, pedestrian accidents, train accidents, building collapses, fighting accidents, and run-over accidents.

Results
There was a highly significant relation between outcome and radiological investigations (FAST of abdomen and pelvis and computed tomography brain), combined radiological investigations (combined computed tomography brain and computed tomography chest, combined computed tomography chest and focused assessment with sonography in trauma, combined computed tomography brain, computed tomography chest and focused assessment with sonography in trauma, combined radiograph+focused assessment with sonography in trauma, combined computed tomography chest+radiograph+focused assessment with sonography in trauma), Glasgow coma scale (P<0.001). There was a highly significant relation between outcome and intervention (neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, abdominal surgery, and cardiothoracic) and at admission [ward, emergency room (increased percentage of emergency room admission in patients of in-hospital mortality) and admission duration (decreased admission duration within patients of in-hospital mortality)].

Conclusions
Polytrauma outcomes can be affected by different factors, including age, presence of comorbid diseases, vehicle type, vehicle speed, duration of arrival to the emergency room, and the way of transportation of the polytraumatized patient. Mechanism of trauma, location, intervention, and period of admission also affect the outcome of polytrauma.
Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of choriocapillaries in patients with diabetic macular edema versus diabetics without macular edema
Authors: Elndafe Asmaa N. , Moussa Magdy S. , Eldesoky Elsaeed I. , Sorour Osama A. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a prevalent and potentially vision-threatening condition in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the possible association between choriocapillaris (CC) and the incidence of DME using (OCTA) and elucidate any underlying processes by which CC could contribute to the development of DME.

Patients and methods
This research was conducted on 30 diabetic eyes with DME that no had therapy before, and 30 eyes without DME. The participants were over 18 years old and had clear media that allowed for accurate imaging.

Results
There was no significant difference in vascular density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) between both groups that were analyzed. VD in both the CC and deep capillary plexus (DCP) had a substantial decline. A direct relationship exists between VD and age in the SCP of the DME groups. A negative connection was observed between VD and uncorrected visual acuity in the DCME groups. A significant connection appeared between the duration of VD and DME in the diabetic patients without macular edema subgroup of the study. A negative association was seen between the length of DM and VD in SCP, as well as between uncorrected visual acuity and CC.

Conclusion
OCTA showed decrease in VD in DCP and CC layers in presence of DME and the lowering of VD was more in CC layer than DCP. Using OCTA helps in understanding micro vascular changes in DME.