bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Firearm Storage Practices in the US, 2022
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Moceri-Brooks Jayna , Johnson Rachel L. , Bryan Craig J. , Stanley Ian H. , Buck-Atkinson Jessica T. , Baker Justin C. , Betz Marian E. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceSecure firearm storage may help reduce firearm injury and death. Broad implementation requires more granular assessments of firearm storage practices and greater clarity on circumstances that may prevent or promote the use of locking devices.ObjectiveTo develop a more thorough understanding of firearm storage practices, obstacles to using locking devices, and circumstances in which firearm owners would consider locking unsecured firearms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of adults residing in 5 US states who owned firearms was administered online between July 28 and August 8, 2022. Participants were recruited via probability-based sampling.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFirearm storage practices were assessed via a matrix provided to participants in which firearm-locking devices were described both via text and images. Locking mechanisms (key/personal identification number [PIN]/dial vs biometric) were specified for each type of device. Obstacles to the use of locking devices and circumstances in which firearm owners would consider locking unsecured firearms were assessed via self-report items developed by the study team.ResultsThe final weighted sample included 2152 adult (aged ≥18 years), English-speaking firearm owners residing in the US; the sample was predominantly male (66.7%). Among the 2152 firearm owners, 58.3% (95% CI, 55.9%-60.6%) reported storing at least 1 firearm unlocked and hidden, with 17.9% (95% CI, 16.2%-19.8%) reporting storing at least 1 firearm unlocked and unhidden. Gun safes were the most frequently used device both among participants who use keyed/PIN/dial locking mechanisms (32.4%; 95% CI, 30.2%-34.7%) and those who use biometric locking mechanisms (15.6%; 95% CI, 13.9%-17.5%). Those who do not store firearms locked most frequently noted a belief that locks are unnecessary (49.3%; 95% CI, 45.5%-53.1%) and a fear that locks would prevent quick access in an emergency (44.8%; 95% CI, 41.1%-48.7%) as obstacles to lock usage. Preventing access by children was the most often reported circumstance in which firearm owners would consider locking unsecured firearms (48.5%; 95% CI, 45.6%-51.4%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of 2152 firearm owners, consistent with prior research, unsecure firearm storage was common. Firearm owners appeared to prefer gun safes relative to cable locks and trigger locks, indicating that locking device distribution programs may not match firearm owners’ preferences. Broad implementation of secure firearm storage may require addressing disproportionate fears of home intruders and increasing awareness of the risks associated with household firearm access. Furthermore, implementation efforts may hinge on broader awareness of the risks of ready firearm access beyond unauthorized access by children.
Hyperthermia Reduces Irradiation‐Induced Tumor Repopulation in an In Vivo Pancreatic Carcinoma Model
Authors: Sarogni Patrizia , Zamborlin Agata , Mapanao Ana Katrina , Logghe Tine , Brancato Luigi , van Zwol Eke , Menicagli Michele , Giannini Noemi , Gonnelli Alessandra , Linsalata Stefania , Colenbier Robin , Van den Bossche Johan , Paiar Fabiola , Bogers Johannes , Voliani Valerio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis due to its aggressive nature and ability to metastasize at an early stage. Currently, its management is still a challenge because this neoplasm is resistant to conventional treatment approaches, among which is chemo‐radiotherapy (CRT), due to the abundant stromal compartment involved in the mechanism of hypoxia. Hyperthermia, among other effects, counteracts hypoxia by promoting blood perfusion and thereby can enhance the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT). Therefore, the establishment of integrated treatments would be a promising strategy for the management of pancreatic carcinoma. Here, the effects of joint radiotherapy/hyperthermia (RT/HT) on optimized chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) pancreatic tumor models are investigated. This model enables a thorough assessment of the tumor‐arresting effect of the combined approach as well as the quantitative evaluation of hypoxia and cell cycle‐associated mechanisms by both gene expression analysis and histology. The analysis of the lower CAM allows to investigate the variation of the metastatic behaviors of the cancer cells associated with the treatments. Overall, this study provides a potentially effective combined strategy for the non‐invasive management of pancreatic carcinoma.
Integrating Mixed Halide Perovskite Photocatalytic HI Splitting and Electrocatalysis into a Loop for Efficient and Robust Pure Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Zhang Qianqian , Zhao Shengli , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Wang Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeveloping a hydrogen economy to replace traditional fossil fuels is essential for sustainable human development. As two promising H2 production strategies, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic water splitting with large reaction energy barriers still face the great challenges of poor solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency and large electrochemical overpotentials, respectively. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to disassemble the difficult pure water splitting into two parts that are easy to implement, namely mixed halide perovskite photocatalytic HI splitting for H2 production, and simultaneous electrocatalytic I3− reduction and O2 production. The efficient charge separation, abundant H2 production active sites, and a small HI splitting energy barrier contribute to the superior photocatalytic H2 production activity of MoSe2/MAPbBr3−xIx (CH3NH3+ = MA). Subsequent electrocatalytic I3− reduction and O2 production reactions only need a small voltage of 0.92 V to drive, which is far lower than that of the electrocatalytic pure water splitting (>1.23 V). The molar ratio of H2 (6.99 mmol g−1) to O2 (3.09 mmol g−1) produced during the first photocatalytic and electrocatalytic cycle is close to 2:1, and the continuous circulation of I3−/I− between the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic systems can achieve efficient and robust pure water splitting.
Ultra‐Small Nano‐Assemblies as Tumor‐Targeted and Renal Clearable Theranostic Agent for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Teng Kun‐Xu , Zhao Luyang , Niu Li‐Ya , Yang Qing‐Zheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is a challenge to design photosensitizers to balance between the tumor‐targeting enrichment for precise treatment and efficient clearance within a reasonable timescale for reducing side effects. Herein, an ultra‐small nano‐photosensitizer 1a with excellent tumor‐specific accumulation and renal clearance is reported. It is formed from the self‐assembly of compound 1 bearing three triethylene glycol (TEG) arms and two pyridinium groups in water. The positively charged surface with neutral TEG coating enables 1a to efficiently target the tumor, with the signal‐to‐background ratio reaching as high as 11.5 after tail intravenous injection. The ultra‐small size of 1a with an average diameter of 5.6 nm allows its fast clearance through kidney. Self‐assembly also endows 1a with an 18.2‐fold enhancement of reactive oxygygen species generation rate compared to compound 1 in organic solution. Nano‐PS 1a manifests an excellent photodynamic therapy efficacy on tumor‐bearing mouse models. This work provides a promising design strategy of photosensitizers with renal clearable and tumor‐targeting ability.
Non‐equilibrium‐Growing Aesthetic Ionic Skin for Fingertip‐Like Strain‐Undisturbed Tactile Sensation and Texture Recognition
Authors: Qiao Haiyan , Sun Shengtong , Wu Peiyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHumans use periodically ridged fingertips to precisely perceive the characteristics of objects via ion‐based fast‐ and slow‐adaptive mechanotransduction. However, designing artificial ionic skins with fingertip‐like tactile capabilities remains challenging because of the contradiction between structural compliance and pressure sensing accuracy (e.g., anti‐interference from stretch and texture recognition). Inspired by the formation and modulus‐contrast hierarchical structure of fingertips, an aesthetic ionic skin grown from a non‐equilibrium Liesegang patterning process is introduced. This ionic skin with periodic stiff ridges embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix enables strain‐undisturbed triboelectric dynamic pressure sensing as well as vibrotactile texture recognition. By coupling with another piezoresistive ionogel, an artificial tactile sensory system is further fabricated as a soft robotic skin to mimic the simultaneous fast‐ and slow‐adaptive multimodal sensations of fingers in grasping actions. This approach may inspire the future design of high‐performance ionic tactile sensors for intelligent applications in soft robotics and prosthetics.
Bio‐Based Anti‐Biofoulant with Copper(II) as Intramolecular Catalyst for Radicals Formation
Authors: Chen Jinbo , Lu Guangming , Hao Yu , Lu Yichao , Huang Liang‐Feng , Zhang Yajie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHighly efficient and eco‐friendly antimicrobial agents are crucial to the development of future marine antifouling coatings. A high efficient and low bio‐toxicity bio‐based anti‐biofoulant, 2,5‐diformylfuran dioxime chelating with copper ions (E‐DFFD‐Cu), is evaluated. Its minimal bactericidal concentration and the concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) are 4.95 and 7.03 µmol L−1, respectively. Excellent anti‐biofouling performance in marine environment in situ can be kept at least 90 days and with maximum release rate of copper ion of 0.01 µmol cm−2d−1. Alkyl radical (R·) and hydrogen radical (H·) derived fromE‐DFFD are enhanced via chelating copper(II) catalysis, which attracts and disrupts microbe cell membrane and pili between intimate cells, resulting in excellent anti‐biofouling effect. This provides a new perspective for developing anti‐biofoulant from anti‐biofouling mechanism in the future.
hBN Encapsulation Effects on the Phonon Modes of MoS2 with a Thickness of 1 to 10 Layers
Authors: Lee Duk Hyun , Kim Nam‐Hee , Jung Suyong , Park Jaesung , Kim Bum‐Kyu , Bae Myung‐Ho , Yun Yong Ju , Yi Sam Nyung , Ha Dong Han 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterfaces with surrounding materials, where charged impurities and surface roughness are present, have a significant impact on the electrical and optical properties of 2D materials. In the change of the phonon modes of MoS2 accompanied by thickness variation, the portion caused by intrinsic factors and the portion caused by the interface effect are separated by examining the result of encapsulation with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). For instance, the frequency of the A1g peak of MoS2 supported by SiO2 decreases by ≈4 cm−1 in air for a thickness reduction from ten layers to monolayer. Of this decrease, roughly 2 cm−1 is attributable to the weakening of the van der Waals interlayer interaction, while the remaining 2 cm−1 is due to the interface effect. The interface state, that is, the types and concentrations of impurities at the interface, between MoS2 and SiO2 is estimated to be similar to that between MoS2 and air because the Raman properties when one surface of MoS2 is in contact with SiO2 and with air are identical within the measurement error. When entirely encapsulated with hBN, the width of the A1g peak of few‐layer MoS2 is significantly reduced, becoming comparable or equal to that of bulk MoS2.
Designing Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropane for the ThermalSynthesis of Carbocyclic Eight‐Membered Rings
Authors: Masson Kévin , Dousset Maxime , Biletskyi Bohdan , Chentouf Sara , Naubron Jean‐Valère , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Commeiras Laurent , Nava Paola , Chouraqui Gaëlle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn access to functionalised eight‐membered carbocyclic ring compounds was developed by simply stirring an unusual vinylogous Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropane (DAC) in boilingo‐xylene. Both experimental and computational studies were performed to explain the diastereoselectivity/regioselectivity transfer observed and to provide an overall picture of the mechanism.magnified image
Bottom‐Up Growth of n‐Type Polymer Monolayers for High‐Performance Complementary Integrated Circuits
Authors: Guo Yifu , Yang Mingqun , Deng Junyang , Ding Chenming , Duan Chunhui , Li Mengmeng , Li Ling , Liu Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDownscaling the semiconductor into ultrathin film is of vital importance to high‐performance field–effect transistors (FETs), but the high‐mobility FETs based on conjugated polymer monolayers have been rarely realized. Especially, the lack of high‐performance n‐type polymer monolayer FETs hinders the development of complementary integrated circuits. Herein, by fine‐tuning the supramolecular assembly of two thiazole flanked naphthalene diimide‐based conjugated polymers, the ≈2.5 nm‐thick monolayers with well‐defined fibrillar morphology are grown in a controllable way, where the one‐dimensional solution‐state structures are inherited. The resultant monolayer FETs show the electron mobility up to 0.25 cm2 V−1 s−1, among the record for n‐type polymer monolayer FETs. More importantly, the first demonstration of polymer monolayer complementary integrated circuits is present, and a record‐high inverter gain of 113 is achieved, which is also identical to the best polymer thin‐film inverters.
Multiplying Light Harvest Driven by Hybrid‐Reflections 3D Electrodes Achieves High‐Availability Photo‐Charging Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Minggang , Pan Longkai , Jin Zhipeng , Wang Xiao , Mei Hui , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Litong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndependent photo‐charging technologies based on aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation renewable energy systems. The conflict between light utilization and electrochemical performance in the planar electrode severely limits the availability of photo‐charging ZIBs. Herein, 3D light‐trapping structures (LTSs) are proposed and applied in a rigid VO2/C@SiCuOC electrode. A hybrid‐reflection effect driven by LTSs is employed to improve light‐harvesting efficiency. The suitable energy levels of VO2 and C ensure charge transport, while the rigid SiCuOC support meets the stability requirements. Such a 3D VO2/C@SiCuOC electrode exhibits a multiplying photo‐response current density of 42.2 µA cm−2 (≈400% of the plate) and delivers a higher energy density (0.19 mWh cm−2 at 0.51 mW cm−2). More importantly, in a realistic environment (dark for 16 h and light for 8 h), the photo‐charging ZIBs integrated into a roof exhibit an exciting open circuit voltage of 3.176 V (three in series) and supply electricity continuously. The high strength (over 9 MPa) of the photo‐charging ZIBs inherited from the 3D rigid electrode further enables its practical application. The enhanced performance of the photo‐charging ZIBs obtained from structural optimization provides unique inspiration for next‐generation clean energy harvest/storage systems.
Self‐Powered and Light‐Adaptable Stretchable Electrochromic Display
Authors: Wu Wenting , Poh Wei Church , Lv Jian , Chen Shaohua , Gao Dace , Yu Fei , Wang Hui , Fang Huajing , Wang Hong , Lee Pooi See 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA stretchable electrochromic display with a self‐powered feature is an attractive concept in addressing the demands of information visualization and interaction without an external power supply for next‐generation wearable and portable electronics. Herein, a self‐powered stretchable electrochromic display is proposed for the first time, with WO3 on the stretchable conductor as the electrochromic electrode integrated in parallel with the Zn/carbon electrodes and topped with a ZnCl2‐based organohydrogel. This geometrically designed electrochromic device can be self‐colored by the chemical potential gap between WO3/Zn electrodes. The self‐bleaching process caused by the oxidation of the reduced WO3 electrode is facilitated by the leakage current between the WO3/carbon electrodes. In this constructed self‐powered system, the electrochromic electrode shows reversible coloring/bleaching performance up to 50% strain and maintains favorable stability with power‐free reversible electrochemical switching for 400 cycles. Optical contrast retention at 81% is maintained for 200 stretching/recovery cycles. The prepared device combined with a phosphorescent substrate is demonstrated as a light‐adaptable stretchable display, where the “on/off” states of the display are shown in both bright and dark conditions without power consumption. This work provides broad application prospects for futuristic multifunctional stretchable and portable display electronics.
Impact of drought stress on spring wheat grain yield and quality
Authors: Yang Jingya , Yang Rui , Liang Xi , Marshall Juliet M. , Neibling William 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrought stress (DS) at different growth stages of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may affect its grain yield and end‐use quality differently. The impact of drought stress at different growth stages on yield has been widely studied, but the impact on grain quality has not been thoroughly investigated. A 2‐year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of DS at different growth stages on end‐use quality and grain yield in different spring wheat classes (soft white ‘Alturas,’ hard red ‘Coho,’ and hard white ‘Dayn’). The treatments included DS (from tillering to stem elongation, booting to heading, and anthesis to soft dough) plus a fully irrigated (well‐watered) check. We found significant differences between the three wheat classes in most end‐use quality parameters. Relative to the well‐watered conditions, DS from tillering to stem elongation and from booting to heading did not affect grain yield and most end‐use quality parameters. Flour protein, lactic acid and sucrose solvent retention capacities, and mixograph peak time were more impacted by post‐anthesis DS. These changes in end‐use quality were correlated and, thus, directly or indirectly affected baking performance. Our results indicate that reduced irrigation at early growth stages can maintain grain yield and end‐use quality of spring wheat of different classes, for example, grain yield of 437 g m−2 and flour protein of 13.2–16.4 g kg−1 across different classes subject to DS at early growth stages compared to 379 g m−2 and 13.9–17.9 g kg−1 subject to post‐anthesis DS.
Evidence and potential drivers of neglected parasitic helminth and protist infections among a small preliminary sample of children from rural Mississippi
Authors: Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Recca Isabella C. , Gildner Theresa E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntestinal infections with helminths (parasitic worms) and protists (single‐celled eukaryotes) may be neglected health issues in low‐resource communities across the United States. Because they predominantly infect school‐aged children and can lead to nutritional deficiencies and developmental delays, these infections can affect lifelong health. More research is needed to understand the prevalence and risk factors of these parasitic infections in the United States.MethodsA total of 24 children (ages 0.5–14 years) from a low‐resource, rural Mississippi Delta community provided stool samples for 18s rRNA amplification and sequencing to determine infection presence. Parent/guardian interviews provided age, sex, and household size to test for associations with infection.ResultsInfections were found in 38% (n = 9) of the samples. 25% (n = 6) of participants were infected with helminths (platyhelminths [n = 5]; nematodes [n = 2]), while 21% (n = 5) were infected with protists (Blastocystis [n = 4]; Cryptosporidium [n = 1]). There were no associations between infection status and age, sex, or household size. Problematically, analytical methods did not allow for more specific classifications for helminth species.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest parasitic infections may be overlooked health issues in the rural Mississippi Delta and emphasize the need for more research on potential health outcomes within the United States.
A Systematic Study on the Effects of Solvating Solvents and Additives in Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes over Electrochemical Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jia Hao , Kim Ju‐Myung , Gao Peiyuan , Xu Yaobin , Engelhard Mark H. , Matthews Bethany E. , Wang Chongmin , Xu Wu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLocalized high‐concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) based on five different types of solvents were systematically studied and compared in lithium (Li)‐ion batteries (LIBs). The unique solvation structure of LHCEs promotes the participation of Li salt in forming solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite (Gr) anode, which enables solvents previously considered incompatible with Gr to achieve reversible lithiation/delithiation. However, the long cyclability of LIBs is still subject to the intrinsic properties of the solvent species in LHCEs. Such issue can be readily resolved by introducing a small amount of additive into LHCEs. The synergetic decompositions of Li salt, solvating solvent and additive yield effective SEIs and cathode electrolyte interphases (CEIs) in most of the studied LHCEs. This study reveals that both the structure and the composition of solvation sheaths in LHCEs have significant effect on SEI and CEI, and consequently, the cycle life of energetically dense LIBs.
Eine halbleitende 2D metallorganische Gerüstverbindung mit einer Bandlücke im nahen IR, rhombischem Gitter und hoher Ladungsträgermobilität
Authors: Sporrer Lukas , Zhou Guojun , Wang Mingchao , Balos Vasileios , Revuelta Sergio , Jastrzembski Kamil , Löffler Markus , Petkov Petko , Heine Thomas , Kuc Angieszka , Cánovas Enrique , Huang Zhehao , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZweidimensionale konjugierte metallorganische Gerüstverbindungen (2D c‐MOFs) gehören zu einer einzigartigen Gruppe elektronischer Materialien. 2D c‐MOFs mit Bandlücken im sichtbaren oder nahen IR‐Bereich und hohen Ladungsträger‐mobilitäten sind jedoch rar. Die meisten literaturbekannten halbleitenden 2D c‐MOFs sind metallisch, was ihre Verwendung in logischen Bauelementen stark einschränkt. Im Folgenden konzipieren wir einen Phenanthrotriphenylen basierten, D2h‐symmetrischen, π‐konjugierten Liganden (OHPTP) und synthetisieren die ersten rhombischen 2D c‐MOF Einkristalle (Cu2(OHPTP)). Kontinuierliche Rotations‐Elektronendiffraktometrie (cRED) belegt die orthorhombische Kristallstruktur mit versschobene AA‐Schichtung auf atomarer Ebene. Cu2(OHPTP) ist ein p‐Typ Halbleiter mit einer indirekten Bandlücke von ≈0.50 eV, einer hohen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von 0.10 S cm−1 und einer hohen Ladungsträgermobilität von ≈10.0 cm2 V−1 s−1. Theoretische Berechnungen unterstreichen die dominierende Rolle des Ladungstransports zwischen den Schichten in diesem Semichinon verknüpften 2D c‐MOF.