bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computing T-optimal designs via nested semi-infinite programming and twofold adaptive discretization
Authors: Mogalle David , Seufert Philipp , Schwientek Jan , Bortz Michael , Küfer Karl-Heinz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModelling real processes often results in several suitable models. In order to be able to distinguish, or discriminate, which model best represents a phenomenon, one is interested, e.g., in so-called T-optimal designs. These consist of the (design) points from a generally continuous design space at which the models deviate most from each other under the condition that they are best fitted to those points. Thus, the T-criterion represents a bi-level optimization problem, which can be transferred into a semi-infinite one but whose solution is very unstable or time consuming for non-linear models and non-convex lower- and upper-level problems. If one considers only a finite number of possible design points, a numerically well tractable linear semi-infinite optimization problem arises. Since this is only an approximation of the original model discrimination problem, we propose an algorithm which alternately and adaptively refines discretizations of the parameter as well as of the design space and, thus, solves a sequence of linear semi-infinite programs. We prove convergence of our method and its subroutine and show on the basis of discrimination tasks from process engineering that our approach is stable and can outperform the known methods.
The different clonal origins of metachronous and synchronous metastases
Authors: Gofrit Ofer N. , Gofrit Ben , Roditi Yuval , Popovtzer Aron , Frank Steve , Sosna Jacob , Orevi Marina , Goldberg S. Nahum 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Metastases are the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. Linear and parallel are the two prominent models of metastatic progression. Metastases can be detected synchronously along with the primary tumor or metachronously, following treatment of localized disease. The aim of the study was to determine whether synchronous metastases (SM) and metachronous metastases (MM) differ only in lead-time or stem from different biological processes.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively studied the chest CTs of 791 patients inflicted by eleven malignancy types that were treated in our institution in the years 2010–2020. Patient’s population included 396 with SM and 395 with MM. The diameter of 15,427 lung metastases was measured. Clonal origin was deduced from the linear/parallel ratio (LPR)-a computerized analysis of metastases diameters. LPR of  1 suggests pure linear dissemination and − 1 pure parallel.

Results
Patients with MM were significantly older (average of 62.9 vs 60.7 years, p = 0.02), and higher percentage of them were males (58.7% vs 51.1%, p = 0.03). Median overall survival of patients with MM and SM was remarkably similar (23 months and 26 months respectively, p = 0.774) when calculated from the time of metastases diagnosis. Parallel dissemination (LPR ≤ 0) was found in 35.4% of patients with MM compared to only 19.8% of the patients with SM (p < 0.00001).

Conclusion
Patients with SM and MM differ in demography and in clonal origin. Different therapeutic approaches may be considered in these two conditions.
Association between serum HE4 and poor periodontal health in adult women
Authors: Cao Ruoyan , Zhang Shusen , Zhang Jiayu , Miao Di , Zhou Huan , Chen Yue 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study is to explore the association between serum human epididymal protein (HE4) levels and poor periodontal health.

Materials and methods
Data used in our study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2002 and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE10334 and GSE16134). Periodontitis category was defined by the 2017 classification scheme based on clinical periodontal parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between serum HE4 levels and the risk of periodontitis. GSEA analysis was performed to investigate the function of HE4.

Results
A total of 1715 adult women over the age of 30 were included in our study. Compared with the lowest tertile, individuals in the highest tertile of HE4 levels were more likely to be Stage III/IV periodontitis (ORtertile3vs1 = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.35–4.21). The association was still significant in populations who were less than 60 years old, non-Hispanic white, high school graduate, 1.3 < PI ≤ 3.5, non-smoker, current smoker, non-obese, obese, and who had not diabetes mellitus or had not hypertension. In addition, HE4 expression was upregulated in diseased gingival tissues and involved in cell proliferation and immunity.

Conclusions
Serum HE4 is positively associated with poor periodontal health in adult women.

Clinical relevance
Patients with high serum HE4 levels are more likely to have Stage III/IV periodontitis. HE4 has the potential to be used as a biomarker to predict the severity of periodontitis.
K+ homeostasis is important for survival of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 in the nosocomial environment
Authors: König Patricia , Averhoff Beate , Müller Volker 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPathogenic bacteria have developed several mechanisms to thrive within the hostile environment of the human host, but it is often disregarded that their survival outside this niche is crucial for their successful transmission. Acinetobacter baumannii is very well adapted to both the human host and the hospital environment. The latter is facilitated by multifactorial mechanisms including its outstanding ability to survive on dry surfaces, its high metabolic diversity, and, of course, its remarkable osmotic resistance. As a first response to changing osmolarities, bacteria accumulate K+ in high amount to counterbalance the external ionic strength. Here, we addressed whether K+ uptake is involved in the challenges imposed by the harsh conditions outside its host and how K+ import influences the antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii. For this purpose, we used a strain lacking all major K+ importer ∆kup∆trk∆kdp. Survival of this mutant was strongly impaired under nutrient limitation in comparison to the wild type. Furthermore, we found that not only the resistance against copper but also against the disinfectant chlorhexidine was reduced in the triple mutant compared to the wild type. Finally, we revealed that the triple mutant is highly susceptible to a broad range of antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. By studying mutants, in which the K+ transporter were deleted individually, we provide evidence that this effect is a consequence of the altered K+ uptake machinery. Conclusively, this study provides supporting information on the relevance of K+ homeostasis in the adaptation of A. baumannii to the nosocomial environment.
Bausteine eines Rechtsrahmens für CO2-Entnahmemechanismen im EU-Recht
Authors: Saurer Johannes 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Instrumentarium des Klimaschutzes wird die Entnahme von CO2 aus der Atmosphäre immer wichtiger.
Im EU-Recht befindet sich ein Rechtsrahmen für CO2-Entnahmemechanismen im Aufbau. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt
verschiedene Dimensionen des entstehenden Rechtsrahmens, darunter Zielsetzungen im EU-Klimagesetz, Regelungen
im LULUCF-Sektor und auf Grundlage der Taxonomieverordnung. In der rechtspolitischen Diskussion sind unter
anderem Regelungen zur Zertifizierung und zur Aufnahme von CO2-Entnahmen in das System des EU-Emissionshandels.
Theorizing university mathematics teaching: the Teaching Triad within an Activity Theory perspective
Authors: Potari Despina , Jaworski Barbara , Petropoulou Georgia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we draw on our recent research to inspect again some of the theoretical perspectives we have been using to analyze data and to characterize teaching-learning in university settings. We focus particularly, within a sociocultural perspective on Activity Theory and the construct the “Teaching Triad,” seeking to embed the Triad within an Activity Theory perspective. To achieve this, we relate the Teaching Triad with aspects of the sociocultural setting both in and beyond direct interactions in face-to-face teaching. While this is mainly a theoretical paper, an example is taken from observations of teaching in university lectures in a Greek university to show how these theoretical perspectives have provided insights to the institutional and cultural complexities involved and in what ways the Triad construct has evolved.
Computer aided volumetric assessment of orbital structures in patients with Graves' orbitopathy: correlation with serum thyroid antiperoxidase antibodies and disease activity
Authors: Paniagua Laura , Bande Manuel F. , Abalo-Lojo Jose M. , Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder. Goiter and Graves' orbitopathy are frequently seen clinically. It would be helpful for the diagnosis, grading, prognosis, and treatment of this condition if it was possible to find serum biomarkers to establish a connection between the plasma levels of these compounds and orbital changes.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed by revising the medical records of 44 patients with Graves' orbitopathy and 15 controls. The Osirix software (Pixmeo, Geneva, Switzerland) was used for manual orbital measurements. Plasma levels of Graves' orbitopathy substances were obtained in the analytical review of the patients.

Results
A greater muscle volume was observed in patients with Graves' orbitopathy in relation to the control group (p < 0.001). The clinical activity score (CAS) was associated to total muscle mass (p = 0.013) and retrorbital fat (p = 0.048). Our results indicated a direct relationship between serum concentrations of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and inferior rectus thickening (p = 0.036); however, we did not observe a positive correlation between other muscle volumes and serum concentrations of various thyroid-related substances.

Conclusions
This study is the first that uses Osirix measurement software to manually assess orbital features in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. These measurements were compared to the outcomes of tests performed in a laboratory. Among several serum biomarkers, anti-thyroid peroxidase appears to be a reliable biomarker that correlates positively with inferior rectus muscle thickness in patients with thyroid eye disease. This may help to improve the management of this disease.
Who Do I (Not) Ask to Play my Lottery? Effects of Perceived Positive and Negative Agency, Communion and Luck on the Illusion of Control by Proxy
Authors: Polak Mateusz , Stasiuk Katarzyna , Chodzyńska Karolina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper investigates the illusion of control by proxy in games of chance - an attempt to exert control by assigning it to others who are perceived as more capable, communable or luckier. Following up on research by Wohl & Enzle, who showed participants’ preference to ask lucky others to play a lottery instead of doing it themselves, we included proxies with positive and negative qualities in the domains of agency and communion, as well good and bad luck. In three experiments (total N = 249) we tested participants’ choices between these proxies and a random number generator in a task consisting of obtaining lottery numbers. We obtained consistent preventative illusions of control (i.e. avoidance of proxies with strictly negative qualities, as well as proxies with positive communion but negative agency), however we observed indifference between proxies with positive qualities and random number generators.
Convergence of Chandrashekar’s Second-Derivative Finite-Volume Approximation
Authors: Gjesteland Anita , Svärd Magnus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider a slightly modified local finite-volume approximation of the Laplacian operator originally proposed by Chandrashekar (Int J Adv Eng Sci Appl Math 8(3):174–193, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12572-015-0160-z). The goal is to prove consistency and convergence of the approximation on unstructured grids. Consequently, we propose a semi-discrete scheme for the heat equation augmented with Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions. By deriving a priori estimates for the numerical solution, we prove that it converges weakly, and subsequently strongly, to a weak solution of the original problem. A numerical simulation demonstrates that the scheme converges with a second-order rate.
Paradoxes and paradigms: elements and compounds – similar names, very different energetics
Authors: Ponikvar‑Svet Maja , Edwards Kathleen Frances , Liebman Joel Fredric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper we continue to review the phonetic similarity of trivial names of chemical substances and the names of the elements in the periodic table. Thermochemical properties are explicitly considered. We review elements from cesium to radon (Cs-Rn) Z = 55–86.
A molecular and ecological study of Macracanthorhynchus ingens (von Linstow, 1879) (Acanthocephala: Archiacanthocephala), in its paratenic and definitive hosts in southeastern Mexico and the Eastern USA
Authors: Ortega-Olivares Mirza Patricia , Velázquez-Urrieta Yanet , Sereno-Uribe Ana Lucia , Harvey Michael B. , García-Varela Martín 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe acanthocephalan Macracanthorhynchus ingens (von Linstow 1879) (Acanthocephala: Archiacanthocephala) is a parasite that infects the gut of carnivores (racoons, coyotes, wolves, foxes, badgers, skunks, opossum, mink and bears) as an adult and the body cavity of lizards, snakes, and frogs as a cystacanth in the Americas. In this study, adults and cystacanths of M. ingens from southeastern Mexico and southern Florida, USA, were identified morphologically by having a cylindrical proboscis armed with 6 rows of hooks each with 6 hooks. Hologenophores were used to sequence the small (SSU) and large (LSU) subunits of ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1) from mitochondrial DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the new SSU and LSU sequences of M. ingens placed them in a clade with other sequences available in GenBank identified as M. ingens. The cox 1 tree showed that the nine new sequences and six previously published sequences of M. ingens from the USA form a clade with other sequences previously identified as M. ingens from GenBank. The intraspecific genetic divergence among isolates from the Americas ranged from 0 to 2%, and in combination with the phylogenetic trees confirmed that the isolates belonged to the same species. The cox 1 haplotype network inferred with 15 sequences revealed 10 haplotypes separated from each other by a few substitutions. Rio Grande Leopard Frogs and Vaillant´s Frogs harbored cystacanths with low prevalence, 28% and 37% respectively, in Mexico. Brown Basilisks, an invasive lizard in Florida, USA, had high values of prevalence, 92% and 93% in males and females, respectively. Females harbored more cystacanths than males (0–39 vs 0–21) for unknown reasons that may, however, be related to ecological differences.
Advocacy Curricula in Graduate Medical Education: an Updated Systematic Review from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Agrawal Nupur , Lucier Jessica , Ogawa Rikke , Arons Abigail 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Advocacy is an integral component of a physician’s professional responsibilities, yet efforts to teach advocacy skills in a systematic and comprehensive manner have been inconsistent and challenging. There is currently no consensus on the tools and content that should be included in advocacy curricula for graduate medical trainees.

Objective
To conduct a systematic review of recently published GME advocacy curricula and delineate foundational concepts and topics in advocacy education that are pertinent to trainees across specialties and career paths.

Methods
We conducted an updated systematic review based off Howell et al. (J Gen Intern Med 34(11):2592–2601, 2019) to identify articles published between September 2017 and March 2022 that described GME advocacy curricula developed in the USA and Canada. Searches of grey literature were used to find citations potentially missed by the search strategy. Articles were independently reviewed by two authors to identify those meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria; a third author resolved discrepancies. Three reviewers used a web-based interface to extract curricular details from the final selection of articles. Two reviewers conducted a detailed analysis of recurring themes in curricular design and implementation.

Results
Of 867 articles reviewed, 26 articles, describing 31 unique curricula, met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority (84%) represented Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry programs. The most common learning methods included experiential learning, didactics, and project-based work. Most covered community partnerships (58%) and legislative advocacy (58%) as advocacy tools and social determinants of health (58%) as an educational topic. Evaluation results were inconsistently reported. Analysis of recurring themes showed that advocacy curricula benefit from an overarching culture supportive of advocacy education and should ideally be learner-centric, educator-friendly, and action-oriented.

Discussion
Combining core features of advocacy curricula identified in prior publications with our findings, we propose an integrative framework to guide design and implementation of advocacy curricula for GME trainees. Additional research is needed to build expert consensus and ultimately develop model curricula for disseminated use.
Bewusstmachung einer (un)strittigen Konstellation: Gesundheits- und Diversitätsmanagement als interdependente Steuerungsinstrumente
Authors: Stritzke Nadyne 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag definiert Gesundheit und Diversität der Belegschaft als Konstituenten in den interdependenten Steuerungsinstrumenten des Gesundheits- und Diversitätsmanagements. Für einen nachhaltigen gesundheits- und diversitätsorientierten Kulturwandel in der Arbeitswelt sowie präventiven Schutz der Gesundheit sowie vor Diskriminierungen erscheint es notwendig, diese Steuerungsinstrumente integrativ zu konzeptualisieren. Diese Perspektive wird anwendungsbezogen mit Praxisbeispielen einer Frauen- und Gleichstellungsbeauftragten an einer hessischen Universität veranschaulicht.
The Stein–Tomas inequality under the effect of symmetries
Authors: Mandel Rainer , Oliveira e Silva Diogo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe prove new Fourier restriction estimates to the unit sphere$${\mathbb{S}^{d-1}}$$Sd−1on the class ofO(d−k) ×O(k)-symmetric functions, for everyd≥ 4 and 2 ≤k≤d− 2. As an application, we establish the existence of maximizers for the endpoint Stein–Tomas inequality within that class. Moreover, we construct examples showing that the range of Lebesgue exponents in our estimates is sharp.
Causal sparse domination of Beurling maximal regularity operators
Authors: Hytönen Tuomas , Rosén Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe prove boundedness of Calderön–Zygmund operators acting in Banach function spaces on domains, defined by the L1 Carleson functional and Lq (1 < q < ∞) Whitney averages. For such bounds to hold, we assume that the operator maps towards the boundary of the domain. We obtain the Carleson estimates by proving a pointwise domination of the operator, by sparse operators with a causal structure. The work is motivated by maximal regularity estimates for elliptic PDEs and is related to one-sided weighted estimates for singular integrals.
Effect of Silicon and Biostimulant on Fall Armyworm Infestation in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Srinivasan Chinnadurai , Periyakaman Chandramani , Mookiah Shanthi , Peyandi Paraman Mahendran , Raman Renuka , Ramiah Nalini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the Virudhunagar district's Thoppur village fromrabi2021–22, a field trial was carried out to examine the impact of silicon sources and growth regulator on the harm caused by maize fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Basal soil application of calcium silicate at six different doses and foliar applications of silicic acid, gibberellic acid and potassium silicate in maize crop revealed that basal application of 150 kg of calcium silicate/ha + 0.2% silicic acid @ 15 DAS + 50 ppm GA @ 30 DAS was found to be effective in reducing leaf damage (42.88% per plant), whorl damage (36.05% per plot) and cob damage (26.92% per plot), followed by treatment with 75 kg of calcium silicate/ha + 0.2% silicic acid @ 15 DAS + 50 ppm GA @ 30 DAS with leaf, whorl and cob damage of 44.74% per plant, 39.24% per plot and 26.92% per plot respectively. The treatment with a basal application of 150 kg of calcium silicate/ha + 0.2% SA @ 15 DAS + 50 ppm GA @ 30 DAS produced the highest yield (7, 287 kg/ha), which was followed by the treatment with 75 kg of calcium silicate + 0.2% SA @ 15 DAS + 50 ppm GA @ 30 DAS (7, 092 kg/ha). As a result, in the current research, the basal application of calcium silicate 150 kg/ha along with foliar application of silicic acid (0.2%) and gibberellic acid (50 ppm) at 15 and 30 DAS decreased the level of leaf, whorl, and cob damage caused by fall armyworm on maize at the field condition.
Impact-sliding fretting tribocorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in solution with different halide concentrations
Authors: Ma Xu , Tan Wei , Bonzom Remy , Mi Xue , Zhu Guorui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImpact-sliding caused by random vibrations between tubes and supports can affect the operation of heat exchangers. In addition, a corrosive environment can cause damage, accelerating the synergism of corrosion and wear. Therefore, the focus of this work was the impact-sliding fretting tribocorrosion behavior of 316L heat exchanger tubes at different halide concentrations. A device system incorporating the in situ electrochemical measurements of impact-sliding fretting corrosion wear was constructed, and experiments on 316L heat exchanger tubes in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution with different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.5, and 5.0 wt%) were carried out. The synergism between wear and corrosion was also calculated and analyzed. The wear and damage mechanisms were elucidated by correlating the corrosion-wear synergism, morphologies, and material loss rates. The results indicated that the stable wear stage occurred at approximately 9–12 h, after which the corrosion current increased with the expansion of the wear area. As the halide concentration increased, the scale of damage on the wear scars gradually decreased, changing from being dominated by cracks, delaminations, and grooves to being dominated by scratches, microgrooves, and holes. There was an obvious positive synergism between wear and corrosion. The material loss was dominated by pure mechanical wear and wear enhanced by corrosion, but corrosion enhanced by wear contributed more than tangential sliding fretting corrosion. The total mass loss increased gradually in the range of 0.0–0.5 wt% and decreased in the range of 0.5–5.0 wt%. Large-scale damage enhanced by corrosivity and small-scale damage reduced by lubricity dominated the material loss at low and high concentrations, respectively.
Mobility, Knowledge Transmission, and Authority in West Africa: Re-Reading Ivor Wilks’ Fieldnotes “Conversations about the Past”
Authors: Syed Amir 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article provides a select reading of the British Africanist Ivor Wilks’ unpublished field notes, “Conversations about the past, mainly from Ghana, 1956–1996.” Specifically, it focuses on Wilks’ notes on the migration of Muslims in Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Burkina Faso, including his collection of interviews, diary entries, anecdotal observations, and ethnographic data. It offers new perspectives on the entanglements between mobility, knowledge transmission, and authority in the history of Muslim communities in West Africa that are normally taken for granted. While this article is not meant to be exhaustive, it highlights the possibility of using disparate notes and observations to stitch together the beginnings of a compelling story that centers mobility as a crucial aspect of the history of Islam in Africa.