bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4 The challenges of managing a COVID outbreak during a long-range desert patrol
Authors:   Lt Col Natasha Chatham-Zvelebil
Published: May 2023

The challenges of managing an infectious disease outbreak in a deployed military setting are well documented. During Op NEWCOMBE the outbreak of COVID in camp was predicted with Force Health Protection strategies and a medical response plan in place. Roto 3, December 2021 – June 2022, had a triple vaccinated task group, and models suggested any outbreak would be clinically and operationally insignificant.These models did not consider the specific challenges of an outbreak during a long range environmentally challenging desert patrol. The consequences of this COVID outbreak were clinically and operationally significant. The clinical effects were disproportionately severe, with features of heat illness a likely contributor. The management of patients was challenged by heat and lack of climate controlled and isolation facilities. The medical group itself suffered with cases of COVID, resulting in the requirement of the Ground Manoeuvre Surgical Group to assume the deployed Role 1 clinical role, provide a partially climate-controlled environment and manage the logistics of maintaining the testing capability and PPE equipment. The outbreak resulted in 3 cancelled patrols, 8 aeromedical evacuations, 9 strategic evacuations and a total of 106 cases, of which 42 were confirmed or suspected whilst on patrol.The clinical and operational impact of this COVID outbreak should have been predicted. The challenging environment combined with a physically degraded population towards the end of a 6-month deployment, demonstrated that using disease modelling based upon healthy UK-based populations is ineffective. Future deployments must take this into consideration.
Four-point functions of gravitons and conserved currents of CFT in momentum space: testing the nonlocal action with the TTJJ
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Maglio Matteo Maria , Tommasi Riccardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present an analysis of the perturbative realization of the TTJJ correlator, with two stress energy tensors and two conserved currents, using free field theory, integrating out conformal sectors in the quantum corrections. This allows to define, around flat space, an exact perturbative expansion of the complete anomaly effective action – up to 4-point functions – whose predictions can be compared against those of the anomaly induced action. The latter is a variational solution of the conformal anomaly constraint at $$d=4$$

d
=
4

in the form of a nonlocal Wess–Zumino action. The renormalization procedure and the degeneracies of the tensor structures of this correlator are discussed, valid for a generic conformal field theory, deriving its anomalous trace Ward identities (WIs). In this application, we also illustrate a general procedure that identifies the minimal number of tensorial structures and corresponding form factors for the TTJJ and any 4-point function. The approach is implemented for three, four and five dimensions, addressing the tensor degeneracies of the expansion in momentum space. We show that the renormalized TTJJ can be split into two contributions, a non anomalous and an anomalous part, each separately conserved. The first satisfies ordinary trace WIs, while the second satisfies anomalous trace WIs. The result of the direct computation is compared against the expression of the same 4-point function derived from the nonlocal anomaly induced action. We show that the prediction for the anomalous part of the TTJJ derived from such action, evaluated in two different conformal decompositions, the Riegert and Fradkin–Vilkovisky (FV) choices, differ from the anomaly part identified in the perturbative TTJJ, in the flat spacetime limit. The anomaly part of the correlator computed with the Riegert choice is affected by double poles, while the one computed with the FV choice does not satisfy the conservation WIs. We present the correct form of the expansion of the anomaly induced action at the second order in the metric perturbations around flat space that reproduces the perturbative result.
Nonlinearity effect on Joule–Thomson expansion of Einstein–Power–Yang–Mills AdS black hole
Authors: Du Yun-Zhi , Liu Xiao-Yang , Zhang Yang , Zhao Li , Gu Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConsidering the nonlinearity of the Yang Mills charge, we investigate the Joule–Thomson expansion for the Einstein–Power–Yang–Mills AdS black holes in the context of the gauge-gravity duality. Under this framework, we calculate the Joule–Thomson coefficient, describe all relevant inversion and isenthalpic curves in the temperature-pressure plane that determining in this manner the corresponding cooling and heating regions. Finally we analyze the effect of the charge nonlinearity on the Joule–Thomson expansion.
Sterile neutrino portal dark matter in $$\nu $$THDM
Authors: Liu Ang , Shao Feng-Lan , Han Zhi-Long , Jin Yi , Li Honglei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose the sterile neutrino portal dark matter in $$\nu $$
ν
THDM. This model can naturally generate tiny neutrino mass with the neutrinophilic scalar doublet $$\Phi _{\nu }$$

Φ
ν

and sterile neutrinos N around TeV scale. Charged under a $$Z_2$$

Z
2

symmetry, one Dirac fermion singlet $$\chi $$
χ
and one scalar singlet $$\phi $$
ϕ
are further introduced in the dark sector. The sterile neutrinos N are the mediators between the DM and SM. Depending on the coupling strength, the DM can be either WIMP or FIMP. For the WIMP scenario, pair annihilation of DM into NN is the key channel to satisfy various bounds, which could be tested at indirect detection experiments. For the FIMP scenario, besides the direct production of DM from freeze-in mechanism, contributions from late decay of NLOP is also important. When sterile neutrinos are heavier than the dark sector, NLOP is long-lived due to tiny mixing angle between sterile and light neutrinos. Constrains from free-streaming length, CMB, BBN and neutrino experiments are considered.
Reflecting the past, imag(in)ing the past: macro-reflection imaging of painting materials by fast MIR hyperspectral analysis
Authors: Botticelli Michela , Risdonne Valentina , Visser Tess , Young Christina , Smith Margaret J. , Charsley Jake M. , Rutkauskas Marius , Altmann Yoann , Reid Derryck T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImaging spectroscopy has been developed in the last two decades in the visible and infrared spectral range for detecting pigments and binders on paintings. The near-infrared (NIR) region has been proved effective for the discrimination of lipids and proteinaceous binders. More recently, the mid-infrared (MIR) range has also been tested on paintings. Reflection imaging prototypes already developed could be further optimized for cultural heritage analysis, for example by: enhancing the instrument configuration and performance; adopting compressive strategies to increase data processing speeds; using data validation to confirm that the processed image reflects the composition of a painted surface; and lowering price to enable more cost-effective analysis of large surface areas. Here, we demonstrate a novel hyperspectral Fourier transform spectrometer (HS FTS), which enables an imaging strategy that provides a significant improvement in acquisition rate compared to other state-of-the-art techniques. We demonstrate hyperspectral imaging across the 1400–700 cm−1region in reflection mode with test samples and the painting ‘Uplands in Lorne’ (Acc. No.: GLAHA43427) by D.Y. Cameron (1865–1945). A post-processing analysis of the resulting hyperspectral images, after validation of reference samples by conventional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, shows the potential of the method for efficient non-destructive classification of different materials found on painted cultural heritage. This research demonstrates that the HS FTS is a convenient and compact tool for non-invasive analysis of painted cultural heritage objects at spatio-spectral acquisition rates potentially higher than current FTS imaging techniques. Ultimately, when combined with fast graphics processing unit-based reconstruction, the HS FTS may enable fast, large area imaging.Graphical abstract
POMACS V7, N2, June 2023 Editorial
Authors: Avrachenkov Konstantin , Gill Phillipa , Urgaonkar Bhuvan 
Published: May 2023

The Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems (POMACS) focuses on the measurement and performance evaluation of computer systems and operates in close collaboration with the ACM Special Interest Group SIGMETRICS. All papers in this issue of POMACS will be presented at the ACM SIGMETRICS 2023 conference on June 19-23, 2023, in Orlando, Florida, USA. These papers have been selected during the winter submission round by the 91 members of the ACM SIGMETRICS 2023 program committee via a rigorous review process. Each paper was conditionally accepted (and shepherded), allowed a "one-shot" revision (to be resubmitted to one of the subsequent three SIGMETRICS deadlines), or rejected (with re-submission allowed after a year). For this issue, which represents the winter deadline, POMACS is publishing 11 papers out of 130 submissions. All submissions received at least 3 reviews and borderline cases were extensively discussed during the online program committee meeting.
Based on the indicated track(s), roughly 28% of the submissions were in the Theory track, 44% were in the Measurement & Applied Modeling track, 43% were in the Systems track, and 22% were in the Learning track. Many individuals contributed to the success of this issue of POMACS. First, we would like to thank the authors, who submitted their best work to SIGMETRICS/POMACS. Second, we would like to thank the program committee members who provided constructive feedback in their reviews to authors and participated in the online discussions and program committee meeting. We also thank the several external reviewers who provided their expert opinion on specific submissions that required additional input. We are also grateful to the SIGMETRICS Board Chair, Giuliano Casale, and to past program committee Chairs, Niklas Carlsson, Edith Cohen, and Philippe Robert, who provided a wealth of information and guidance. Finally, we are grateful to the Organization Committee and to the SIGMETRICS Board for their ongoing efforts and initiatives for creating an exciting program for ACM SIGMETRICS 2023.
Towards Accelerating Data Intensive Application's Shuffle Process Using SmartNICs
Authors: Lin Jiaxin , Ji Tao , Hao Xiangpeng , Cha Hokeun , Le Yanfang , Yu Xiangyao , Akella Aditya 
Published: May 2023

The wide adoption of the emerging SmartNIC technology creates new opportunities to offload application-level computation into the networking layer, which frees the burden of host CPUs, leading to performance improvement. Shuffle, the all-to-all data exchange process, is a critical building block for network communication in distributed data-intensive applications and can potentially benefit from SmartNICs.
In this paper, we develop SmartShuffle, which accelerates the data-intensive application's shuffle process by offloading various computation tasks into the SmartNIC devices. SmartShuffle supports offloading both low-level network functions, including data partitioning and network transport, and high-level computation tasks, including filtering, aggregation, and sorting. SmartShuffle adopts a coordinated offload architecture to make sender-side and receiver-side SmartNICs jointly contribute to the benefits of shuffle computation offload. SmartShuffle carefully manages the tight and time-varying computation and memory constraints on the device. We propose a liquid offloading approach, which dynamically migrates operators between the host CPU and the SmartNIC at runtime such that resources in both devices are fully utilized.
We prototype SmartShuffle on the Stingray SoC SmartNICs and plug it into Spark. Our evaluation shows that SmartShuffle improves host CPU efficiency and I/O efficiency with lower job completion time. SmartShuffle outperforms Spark, and Spark RDMA by up to 40% on TPC-H.
How Many Crowd Workers Do I Need? On Statistical Power when Crowdsourcing Relevance Judgments
Authors: Roitero Kevin , Barbera David La , Soprano Michael , Demartini Gianluca , Mizzaro Stefano , Sakai Tetsuya 
Published: May 2023

To scale the size of Information Retrieval collections, crowdsourcing has become a common way to collect relevance judgments at scale. Crowdsourcing experiments usually employ 100–10,000 workers, but such a number is often decided in a heuristic way. The downside is that the resulting dataset does not have any guarantee of meeting predefined statistical requirements as, for example, have enough statistical power to be able to distinguish in a statistically significant way between the relevance of two documents.
We propose a methodology adapted from literature on sound topic set size design, based on t-test and ANOVA, which aims at guaranteeing the resulting dataset to meet a predefined set of statistical requirements. We validate our approach on several public datasets.
Our results show that we can reliably estimate the recommended number of workers needed to achieve statistical power, and that such estimation is dependent on the topic, while the effect of the relevance scale is limited. Furthermore, we found that such estimation is dependent on worker features such as agreement. Finally, we describe a set of practical estimation strategies that can be used to estimate the worker set size, and we also provide results on the estimation of document set sizes.
Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Decision Support in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Akay Ela Marie Z. , Hilbert Adam , Carlisle Benjamin G. , Madai Vince I. , Mutke Matthias A. , Frey Dietmar 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Established randomized trial-based parameters for acute ischemic stroke group patients into generic treatment groups, leading to attempts using various artificial intelligence (AI) methods to directly correlate patient characteristics to outcomes and thereby provide decision support to stroke clinicians. We review AI-based clinical decision support systems in the development stage, specifically regarding methodological robustness and constraints for clinical implementation.

Methods:
Our systematic review included full-text English language publications proposing a clinical decision support system using AI techniques for direct decision support in acute ischemic stroke cases in adult patients. We (1) describe data and outcomes used in those systems, (2) estimate the systems’ benefits compared with traditional stroke diagnosis and treatment, and (3) reported concordance with reporting standards for AI in healthcare.

Results:
One hundred twenty-one studies met our inclusion criteria. Sixty-five were included for full extraction. In our sample, utilized data sources, methods, and reporting practices were highly heterogeneous.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest significant validity threats, dissonance in reporting practices, and challenges to clinical translation. We outline practical recommendations for the successful implementation of AI research in acute ischemic stroke treatment and diagnosis.
An overview of parental care in the foam-nesting frogs of the genus Leptodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae): current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Carrillo Juan F.C. , Santana Diego J. , Prado Cynthia P.A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Amphibians exhibit diverse parental care behaviours, which may be performed by the female, male or both parents. In the Neotropical family Leptodactylidae, frogs in the genus Leptodactylus exhibit different parenting behaviours. The repertoire of care behaviours includes egg/nest attendance, nest chamber sealing, tadpole feeding with trophic eggs, and tadpole attendance associated with complex behaviours, such as pumping behaviour and channel digging. Based on the available information, we found that 23.8% of Leptodactylus species are known to exhibit post-fertilization parental care. Future studies should focus on mechanisms involved in parent-offspring communication, including acoustic and chemical signals. Moreover, behaviours such as provisioning with trophic eggs are not well understood and deserves further investigation. Because of these complex parental care behaviours, tadpole schooling, and relative easy observation, frogs in the genus Leptodactylus represent excellent models for studies interested in parent-offspring communication and evolution of parental care.
Societal Trust, Transparency and Accountability in Fiscal Policy During National Emergencies: A Reflection on the Unfolding Global Corona Virus Pandemic in Africa
Authors: Waris Attiya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Financing health care is growing in importance as more and more researchers, governments and other stakeholders see that public health goods and services need to be financed. This work is intended to understand what the underlying problems maybe in getting people to understand the magnitude of national and global emergencies in health and how to get them to obey state and global directives which are for their own safety from a fiscal perspective. Here we show that there is a breakdown in communication between states and their societies that is undermining the ability of African states to guide their people to follow health and safety rules. The findings provide a recommendation that an improvement in transparency and accountability will not only result in better management of emergencies but also build better long term fiscal legitimacy and management of the current and future emergencies and enhance societal trust.
Lifetimes of Overshooting Convective Events Using High-Frequency Gridded Radar Composites
Authors: Jellis Daniel , Bowman Kenneth P. , Rapp Anita D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Deep convection that penetrates the tropopause, referred to here as overshooting convection, is capable of lifting tropospheric air well into the stratosphere. In addition to water, these overshoots also transport various chemical species, affecting chemistry and radiation in the stratosphere. It is not currently known, however, how much transport is a result of this mechanism. To better understand overshooting convection, this study aims to characterize the durations of overshooting events. To achieve this, radar data from the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) network is composited onto a three-dimensional grid at 5-min intervals. Overshoots are identified by comparing echo-top heights with tropopause estimates derived from ERA5 reanalysis data. These overshoots are linked in space from one analysis time to the next to form tracks. This process is performed for 12 four-day sample windows in the months May–August of 2017–19. Track characteristics such as duration, overshoot area, tropopause-relative altitude, and column-maximum reflectivity are investigated. Positive correlations are found between track duration and other track characteristics. Integrated track volume is found as a product of the overshoot area, depth, and duration, and provides a measure of the potential stratospheric impact of each track. Short-lived tracks are observed to contribute the most total integrated volume when considering track duration, while tracks that overshoot by 2–3 km show the largest contribution when considering overshoot depth. A diurnal cycle is observed, with peak track initiation around 1600–1700 local time. Track-mean duration peaks a few hours earlier, while track-mean area and tropopause-relative height peak a few hours later.
Employment-related mental health outcomes among Australian migrants: A 19-year longitudinal study
Authors: Maheen Humaira , King Tania 
Published: May 2023

Background: Migrants experience various stressors at different stages of migration based on their country of origin, ethnic backgrounds, migration context and host country. Employment is one important post-settlement factor associated with mental health among migrant groups. The study investigates whether the country of origin modifies the association between employment and mental health for Australian migrants. Methods: Nineteen waves of data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey were used. Using fixed-effects regression, we examined the effects of within-person changes in employment status on mental health outcomes as measured by the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5), controlling for time-varying confounders and stratified by sex and examined effect modification by country of origin. Results: The relationship between unemployment and mental health was modified by country of origin for men but not women. Unemployed men from Asian (β = −4.85, p < 0.001), African and Middle Eastern (β = −3.61, p < 0.05) countries had lower mental health scores compared to employed Australian-born men. For men, there was evidence of effect modification of the association between employment and mental health by country of origin, with the combined effect of being unemployed and being a migrant from an Asian country was almost three points lower than the summed independent risks of these factors (β = −2.72; p = 0.01). Also, for men, the combined mental health effect of not being in the labour force and coming from a non-English-speaking European country was greater than the summed effects of these factors (β = −2.33; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Tailored employment-support programmes may be beneficial for migrants from ethnic minorities, particularly those from Asian, African and Middle Eastern countries in Australia. Further research is needed to understand why the mental health of migrant men from these countries is particularly vulnerable to unemployment.