bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical and legal race‐responsive vaccine allocation
Authors: Steuwer Bastian , Eyal Nir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn many countries, the COVID‐19 pandemic varied starkly between different racial and ethnic groups. Before vaccines were approved, some considered assigning priority access to worse‐hit racial groups. That debate can inform rationing in future pandemics and in some of the many areas outside COVID‐19 that admit of racial health disparities. However, concerns were raised that “race‐responsive” prioritizations would be ruled unlawful for allegedly constituting wrongful discrimination. This legal argument relies on an understanding of discrimination law as demanding color‐blindness. We argue that a, color‐blind understanding of discrimination would be hostile only to one of two rationales for prioritizing the relevant racial minorities in settings of racial health disparities. We also propose a method for incorporating appropriate race‐responsive concerns that is in many ways ethically and legally superior to ones suggested thus far. That method turns artificial intelligence, thanks precisely to its artificial and “black box” nature (features that underlie recent concerns about artificial intelligence's discriminatory potential), into an instrument of social justice.
Expanding midwifery care in the United States: Implications for clinical outcomes and cost
Authors: McLean Kate A. , Souter Vivienne L. , Nethery Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study compared clinical and financial outcomes for low‐risk birthing people between those attended by midwives and those attended by obstetricians during hospital births.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of births from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 at hospitals participating in a perinatal quality improvement collaborative, Obstetrical Care Outcomes Assessment Program (OB COAP), in the Northwest region of the United States and estimated risk ratios using a multivariate regression approach with a modified Poisson binomial for mode of delivery, labor interventions, and newborn outcomes comparing midwife‐led to obstetrician‐led care. Using publicly available data on average costs of vaginal and cesarean births, we then extrapolated the cost differences in care between midwives and obstetricians.ResultsBirths in the midwife group were less likely to be associated with induction (17.6% vs. 20.3% RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.70–0.78), epidural use (58.9% vs. 76.3% RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.77–0.80), and episiotomy (2.2% vs. 3.4% RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.58–0.81). Cesarean birth was also lower in the midwifery group (7.8% vs. 12.3% RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.62–0.73), without a corresponding increase in risk in adverse neonatal outcomes. We estimated that expanding midwifery care to 100% of low‐risk births across the United States could save as much as $340 million per year.ConclusionsMidwifery care is associated with a lower risk of cesarean birth and other interventions versus care provided by obstetricians and is therefore likely lower‐cost.
Evaluating the performance of existing and novel equivalence tests for fit indices in structural equation modelling
Authors: Beribisky Nataly , Cribbie Robert A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt has been suggested that equivalence testing (otherwise known as negligible effect testing) should be used to evaluate model fit within structural equation modelling (SEM). In this study, we propose novel variations of equivalence tests based on the popular root mean squared error of approximation and comparative fit index fit indices. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the performance of these novel tests to other existing equivalence testing‐based fit indices in SEM, as well as to other methods commonly used to evaluate model fit. Results indicate that equivalence tests in SEM have good Type I error control and display considerable power for detecting well‐fitting models in medium to large sample sizes. At small sample sizes, relative to traditional fit indices, equivalence tests limit the chance of supporting a poorly fitting model. We also present an illustrative example to demonstrate how equivalence tests may be incorporated in model fit reporting. Equivalence tests in SEM also have unique interpretational advantages compared to other methods of model fit evaluation. We recommend that equivalence tests be utilized in conjunction with descriptive fit indices to provide more evidence when evaluating model fit.
Third ventricular width by transcranial sonography is associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gao Hong‐ling , Qu Yi , Chen Sheng‐chong , Yang Qing‐mei , Li Jing‐yi , Tao An‐yu , Mao Zhi‐juan , Xue Zheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne‐fourth of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suffer from cognitive impairment. However, few neuroimaging markers have been identified regarding cognitive impairment in PD.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the association between third ventricular width by transcranial sonography (TCS) and cognitive decline in PD.MethodParticipants with PD were recruited from one medical center in China. Third ventricular width was assessed by TCS, and cognitive function was analyzed by the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Cox model analysis were utilized to determine the diagnostic and predictive accuracy of third ventricular width by TCS for cognitive decline in PD patients.ResultA total of 174 PD patients were recruited. Third ventricular width was negatively correlated with MMSE scores. ROC analysis suggested that the optimal cutoff point for third ventricular width in screening for cognitive impairment in PD was 4.75 mm (sensitivity 62.7%; specificity 75.6%). After 21.5 (18.0, 26.0) months of follow‐up in PD patients without cognitive impairment, it was found that those with a third ventricular width greater than 4.75 mm exhibited a 7.975 times higher risk of developing cognitive impairment [hazard ratio = 7.975, 95% CI 1.609, 39.532, p = 0.011] compared with patients with a third ventricular width less than 4.75 mm.ConclusionThird ventricular width based on TCS emerged as an independent predictor of developing cognitive impairment in PD patients.
Clinical outcomes of generic versus brand‐name clopidogrel for secondary prevention in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chan Cze Ci , Tung Ying‐Chang , Lee Kuang‐Tso , Chan Yi‐Hsin , Chu Pao‐Hsien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSkepticism exists among healthcare workers and patients regarding the efficacy and safety of generic medication, despite its potential to lower healthcare costs. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of a generic clopidogrel and its brand‐name counterpart for secondary prevention in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 49,325 patients who were hospitalized for AMI between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2013 and prescribed either generic or brand‐name clopidogrel. Among them, 2419 (4.9%) were prescribed the generic clopidogrel. After propensity score matching, both the generic and brand‐name groups consisted of 2382 patients. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, ischemic stroke, and all‐cause death. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding requiring hospitalization. At a mean follow‐up of 2.5 years, the generic and brand‐name clopidogrel groups had comparable risks of primary efficacy outcome (41.9% vs. 42%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–1.04), and the risks of the individual components were also similar. There were no significant differences between the two groups in major bleeding (7.9% vs. 7.9%; HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.81–1.21). Subgroup analyses also revealed no statistically significant interactions between the treatment effect and various subgroups. In this retrospective database analysis, the generic clopidogrel was comparable to its brand‐name counterpart regarding cardiovascular and bleeding outcomes for the treatment of patients with AMI.
A teleological interpretation of Bonhoeffer's concept of “A World Come of Age”
Authors: Dankers Paul , Willerton Christian W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper explores Dietrich Bonhoeffer's concept of “the nonreligious interpretation of biblical terms in a world come of age,” best known from his Letters and Papers from Prison (LPP). As a case study of its possibilities, we will survey South African thinkers who have explored the concept in rapidly changing contexts. Our leading question is whether academic theology can develop a teleological narrative for a nation that has “come of age.” When a nation or culture becomes so secular that it “outgrows” a traditional use of biblical terms, can those terms be reinterpreted to provide a teleological narrative for the nation? Bonhoeffer can be a resource for academic theologians to address issues in public theology, especially the suffering and oppression of communities still in pain despite a democratic system.
Temporal variation in nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from an oil palm plantation in Indonesia: An ecosystem‐scale analysis
Authors: Stiegler Christian , Koebsch Franziska , Ali Ashehad Ashween , June Tania , Veldkamp Edzo , Corre Marife D. , Koks Joost , Tjoa Aiyen , Knohl Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rapidly growing areal extent of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations and their high fertilizer input raises concerns about their role as substantial N2O sources. In this study, we present the first eddy covariance (EC) measurements of ecosystem‐scale N2O fluxes in an oil palm plantation and combine them with vented soil chamber measurements of point‐scale soil N2O fluxes. Based on EC measurements during the period August 2017 to April 2019, the studied oil palm plantation in the tropical lowlands of Jambi Province (Sumatra, Indonesia) is a high source of N2O, with average emission of 0.32 ± 0.003 g N2O‐N m−2 year−1 (149.85 ± 1.40 g CO2‐equivalent m−2 year−1). Compared to the EC‐based N2O flux, average chamber‐based soil N2O fluxes (0.16 ± 0.047 g N2O‐N m−2 year−1, 74.93 ± 23.41 g CO2‐equivalent m−2 year−1) are significantly (~49%, p < 0.05) lower, suggesting that important N2O pathways are not covered by the chamber measurements. Conventional chamber‐based N2O emission estimates from oil palm up‐scaled to ecosystem level might therefore be substantially underestimated. We show that the dynamic gas exchange of the oil palm canopy with the atmosphere and the oil palms' response to meteorological and soil conditions may play an important but yet widely unexplored role in the N2O budget of oil palm plantations. Diel pattern of N2O fluxes showed strong causal relationships with photosynthesis‐related variables, i.e. latent heat flux, incoming photosynthetically active radiation and gross primary productivity during day time, and ecosystem respiration and soil temperature during night time. At longer time scales (>2 days), soil temperature and water‐filled pore space gained importance on N2O flux variation. These results suggest a plant‐mediated N2O transport, providing important input for modelling approaches and strategies to mitigate the negative impact of N2O emissions from oil palm cultivation through appropriate site selection and management.
The impact of expert by experience involvement in teaching in a DClinPsych programme; for trainees and experts by experience
Authors: Kerry Ellie , Collett Nicola , Gunn Jason 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is a growing acknowledgement of the value of creating partnerships between those delivering and those accessing health services. Less is known about this in the context of clinical psychology doctoral training programmes. This study explores the models of involvement of experts by experience (EbEs) in teaching on a DClinPsych course in England; the impact of this both for EbEs and trainee clinical psychologists and whether improvements are required to better meet their needs.MethodsAn audit of current involvement was conducted by reviewing course records. Two survey questionnaires designed around commonly used frameworks of participation and reflective learning were completed by EbEs and trainees. Thematic Analysis was used to evaluate the written feedback from the surveys.ResultsRecords of current EbE involvement were found to be lacking in detail and sometimes missing. Key themes extrapolated from the surveys highlighted the importance of EbE involvement in supporting the wellbeing of EbEs and the learning experiences of trainees.ConclusionsRecommendations with regard to the processes for future involvement of EbEs in teaching are put forward.Patient or Public ContributionA carer of a service user was consulted about the design of the participant information sheet, consent form and the survey questionnaire which was sent to the EbEs. A trainee clinical psychologist was also consulted to provide a trainee perspective on the above forms and the survey questionnaire that was sent to trainees. Further to this, the first author's supervisor identifies as a user of physical and mental health services and provided continued supervision and support regarding the direction of the study including the research questions, design, methodology and interpretation of results.
Structure‐mechanical properties correlation in bulk LiPON glass produced by nitridation of metaphosphate melts
Authors: Torres Victor M. , Kalnaus Sergiy , Martin Steve W. , Duggan Caitlin , Westover Andrew S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe glassy solid electrolyte Lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) has been widely researched in thin film solid state battery format due to its outstanding stability when cycled against lithium. In addition, recent reports show thin film LiPON having interesting mechanical behaviors, especially its ability to resist micro‐scale cracking via densification and shear flow. In the present study, we have produced bulk LiPON glasses with varying nitrogen contents by ammonolysis of LiPO3 melts. The resulting compositions were determined to be LiPO3‐3z/2Nz, where 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.75, and the z value of 0.75 is among the highest ever reported for this series of LiPON glasses. The short‐range order structures of the different resulting compositions were characterized by infrared, Raman, 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Instrumented nano‐indentation was used to measure mechanical properties. It was observed that similar to previous studies, both trigonally coordinated (Nt) and doubly bonded (Nd) N co‐exist in the glasses in about the same amounts for z ≤ 0.36, the limit of N content in most previous studies. For glasses with z > 0.36, it was found that the fraction of the Nt increased significantly while the fraction of Nd correspondingly decreased. The incorporation of nitrogen increased both the elastic modulus and hardness of the glass by approximately a factor of 1.5 when N/P ratio reaches 0.75. At the same time, an apparent embrittlement of the glass was observed due to nitridation, which was revealed by nanoindentation with an extra sharp nanoindenter tip.
‘I Am a Man’: Countering Oppression through Appeal to Kind Membership
Authors: Killmister Suzy 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTAll too often, social kinds function as sites of oppression. To be a woman, to be Black, to be trans – each, in its own way, situates someone at the lower end of a social hierarchy. Membership in such groups thus constitutes a liability: notwithstanding the goods people draw from sharing in these identities, they also stand at perpetual risk of those same identities exposing them to significant harm. What, if anything, can members of oppressed groups do to counter that oppression? In this article I explore one possible strategy: people can – and do – strategically invoke their membership in what I call ‘anti‐oppressive kinds’, in order to contest the oppression they face qua members of oppressed groups. Focusing on one particularly salient anti‐oppressive kind, the human, I first offer an explanation as to how and why its invocation might be politically effective, before considering some hazards with its use.
The natural CAD/CAM anterior implant single tooth restoration: A novel digital workflow
Authors: Passos Leandro , de Vasconcellos Adalberto Bastos , Kanashiro Lucio , Kina Sidney 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo report a novel digital workflow to replace an anterior maxillary tooth lost due to trauma with an implant multilayer restoration by using the patient's extracted tooth as a final crown restoration using computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology.Clinical ConsiderationsInstead of using the patient's natural tooth as an immediate provisional restoration to achieve predictable results in terms of esthetics and soft tissue structure, a novel digital strategy was performed to obtain a natural final crown restoration by using the patient's tooth associated with a lithium disilicate customized implant abutment.ConclusionsThe perspective of using this strategic approach for implant restorative dental treatments in patients with traumatic root fractures in the anterior region has great potential as it helps to maintain the emergence profile of the natural dentition and esthetics.Clinical SignificanceOptimal esthetic outcomes are challenging in implant dentistry regarding soft tissue structure and morphology factors. Using natural teeth from surgery to deliver the final restoration might be beneficial when an anterior tooth is lost due to trauma.
Interpreting phylogenetic placements for taxonomic assignment of environmental DNA
Authors: Ewers Isabelle , Rajter Lubomír , Czech Lucas , Mahé Frédéric , Stamatakis Alexandros , Dunthorn Micah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTaxonomic assignment of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is an important bioinformatics step in analyzing environmental sequencing data. Pairwise alignment and phylogenetic‐placement methods represent two alternative approaches to taxonomic assignments, but their results can differ. Here we used available colpodean ciliate OTUs from forest soils to compare the taxonomic assignments of VSEARCH (which performs pairwise alignments) and EPA‐ng (which performs phylogenetic placements). We showed that when there are differences in taxonomic assignments between pairwise alignments and phylogenetic placements at the subtaxon level, there is a low pairwise similarity of the OTUs to the reference database. We then showcase how the output of EPA‐ng can be further evaluated using GAPPA to assess the taxonomic assignments when there exist multiple equally likely placements of an OTU, by taking into account the sum over the likelihood weights of the OTU placements within a subtaxon, and the branch distances between equally likely placement locations. We also inferred the evolutionary and ecological characteristics of the colpodean OTUs using their placements within subtaxa. This study demonstrates how to fully analyze the output of EPA‐ng, by using GAPPA in conjunction with knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of the clade of interest.
Assisted living or nursing home: Who is moving in?
Authors: Wang Jinjiao , Mao Yunjiao , McGarry Brian , Cai Shubing , Temkin‐Greener Helena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the rapid growth of assisted living (AL) communities and the increasing similarity between AL and nursing home (NH) populations, little is known about the characteristics of older adults at the time of AL admission and how these characteristics compare to individuals newly admitted to NH from the community. This study examined the individual, facility, and geographic factors associated with new AL admission.MethodsThis retrospective descriptive study used data from the national Medicare enrollment and claims datasets, the Minimum Data Set, and the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review. The study cohort included 158,124 Medicare beneficiaries newly admitted to ALs and 715,261 newly admitted to NHs during 10/2017–10/2019. Multinomial logistic regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine factors associated with new admissions.ResultsDemographic, socioeconomic, and health service use characteristics were associated with new admission to long‐term care. Specifically, Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries, those age 75 years and older, male, having one skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay or any hospital stay in the past 6 months are more likely to be newly admitted to AL, whereas those who are dually eligible, racial/ethnic minorities, and having two or more SNF stays in the past 6 months are more likely to be admitted to an NH.ConclusionThere are substantial differences between individuals who are newly admitted from the community to AL versus those to NH.
“No, It's You:” Dyadic perceived need for change predicts relationship education outcomes
Authors: Crapo J. Scott , Bradford Kay , Kopystynska Olena , Spuhler Bryan K. , Higginbotham Brian J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRelationship education (RE) efforts have been shown to help couples and individuals with a variety of family relationships. However, much still needs to be identified in terms of what factors are salient to outcomes. Drawing on therapeutic models of change, we have identified perceived need for change as one such potential factor. Using data from a couple RE course (n = 447 couples), we assessed how dyadic congruence and average ratings of each partner's need for change were associated with change in three RE outcomes: knowledge, communication, and commitment. In general, the more partners perceived that their partner needed to change, above and beyond what their partner thought, the less change occurred. Implications for RE programming and implementation are discussed, as well as the potential role of therapeutic models and techniques in RE.
Reaction time in psychomotor vigilance task is related to hypoxic load in males with sleep apnea
Authors: Pahari Purbanka , Korkalainen Henri , Karhu Tuomas , Arnardottir Erna Sif , Töyräs Juha , Leppänen Timo , Nikkonen Sami 
Published: July 2023

SummaryOxygen saturation (SpO2)‐based parameters are more strongly linked to impaired daytime vigilance than the conventional diagnostic metrics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, whether the association between SpO2‐based parameters and impaired daytime vigilance is modulated by sex, remains unknown. Hence, we investigated the interplay between sex and detailed SpO2‐based metrics and their association with impaired vigilance in patients with OSA. The study population consisted of 855 (473 males, 382 females) patients with suspected OSA who underwent overnight polysomnography and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). The population was grouped by sex and divided into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on median reaction times (RTs) in the PVT. In addition to conventional diagnostic metrics, desaturation severity (DesSev), fall severity (FallSev), and recovery severity (RecovSev) were compared between the sexes and between the best (Q1) and worst (Q4) performing quartiles by using cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). Additionally, sex‐specific covariate‐adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the connection between the parameters and RTs. The CDFs showed significantly higher hypoxic load in Q4 in males compared to females. In addition, the DesSev (β = 8.05, p < 0.01), FallSev (β = 6.48, p = 0.02), RecovSev (β = 9.13, p < 0.01), and Oxygen Desaturation Index (β = 12.29, p < 0.01) were associated with increased RTs only in males. Conversely, the Arousal Index (β = 10.75–11.04, p < 0.01) was associated with impaired vigilance in females. The severity of intermittent hypoxaemia was strongly associated with longer RTs in males whereas the Arousal Index had the strongest association in females. Thus, the impact of hypoxic load on impaired vigilance seems to be stronger in males than females.