bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue amongst anaesthesiology and intensive care trainees in Europe
Authors: Abramovich Igor , Matias Bernardo , Norte Gustavo , Zawadka Mateusz , Bilotta Federico , Buzincu Iulian , Camilleri Podesta Anne Marie , De Hert Stefan , Grigoras Ioana , Pintilie Georgiana , Smallwood Aidan , Trinks Alexandra , Redfern Nancy 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
There is a growing awareness of the effects of fatigue on trainee wellbeing and health. Trainees in anaesthesiology and intensive care work long hours, switching work schedules frequently with insufficient rest. This may have unwanted long-term effects on mental and physical health and emotional well being, resulting in burnout and affecting patient safety.

OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, causes and effects of work-related fatigue in trainees in anaesthesiology and intensive care.

DESIGN
Online survey of trainees in anaesthesiology and intensive care.

SETTINGS
A total of 31 countries within Europe were included in the survey.

PARTICIPANTS
European anaesthesiology and intensive care trainees who responded to an invitation to take part by electronic mail or through social media.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Responses from a 29-item online survey to assess the realities within European countries with regards to work-related fatigue.

RESULTS
One thousand and two hundred trainees from 31 European countries answered the survey demonstrating that an alarming number of trainees were fatigued by their working patterns and night shifts. Trainees reported effects on personal well being, safe commuting and potential for clinical errors. Respondents described a lack of support from hospitals and management for recovery during and after night shifts.

CONCLUSION
Fatigue among trainees in anaesthesiology and intensive care has a significant impact on their well being and potentially, on the incidence of clinical errors. Current measures from authorities and hospital management are not sufficient to prevent serious fatigue, and therefore a fatigue risk management system should be considered. Failure to address this issue might lead to a further decline in trainees’ wellbeing, their capacity to work in the speciality in the future, and potentially increase patient care errors.
Corneal Culture and Antibiotic Susceptibility Results for Microbial Keratitis in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States, 2016 to 2020
Authors: Shekhawat Nakul S. , Hall Leangelo N. , Sulewski Michael E. , Woreta Fasika , Wang Jiangxia , Smith Kerry , Kuo Irene C. 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
To examine the microbial distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of culture-positive microbial keratitis at a large tertiary referral center in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Methods:
Retrospective review of culture-positive microbial keratitis cases at the Wilmer Eye Institute from 2016 through 2020.

Results:
Of the 474 culture-positive microbial keratitis cases, most were bacterial (N=450, 94.9%), followed by fungal (N=48, 10.1%) and Acanthamoeba keratitis (N=15, 3.1%). Of the 450 bacterial isolates, 284 (69.5%) were gram-positive organisms, whereas 157 (28.4%) were gram-negative organisms. The most common bacterial species isolated was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp (N=154, 24.8%), and the most common gram-negative isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (N=76, 12.3%). Among fungi, the most common isolates were Candida (N=25, 45.4%), whereas Fusarium (N=6, 10.9%) and Aspergillus (N=3, 5.5%) were less common. Of the 217 bacterial isolates tested for erythromycin susceptibility, 121 (55.7%; ∼60% of coagulase-negative staphylococci and corynebacteria tested) showed resistance to erythromycin.

Conclusions:
Microbial keratitis in the Baltimore Mid-Atlantic region of the United States is most commonly caused by bacteria, with fungi and acanthamoeba being less common. Gram-positive bacterial infections predominate. Among fungal keratitis cases, Candida species are more commonly encountered than are filamentous species. Use of erythromycin as infection prophylaxis should be reexamined. Findings from our study may guide empiric treatment in this geographic region.
A Retrospective Analysis of Tear Film and Blink Parameters in Patients With Ocular Surface Disease
Authors: Brahmbhatt Puja , Khanna Sheena , Griffin Sarah , Bouchard Charles S. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
We had two objectives: (1) to investigate differences in tear film and blink parameters in patients with six ocular surface diseases (OSD): ocular graft versus host disease (oGVHD), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), lax eyelid syndrome, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), obstructive sleep apnea, and dry eye disease; and (2) to characterize the relationships between lipid layer thickness (LLT), meiboscore, Schirmer I test, and three blink parameters: partial blink rate (PBR), interblink interval (IBI), and interpalpebral fissure height (IPFH) in this group of patients.

Methods:
This is a single-site retrospective analysis of 228 patients (456 eyes) with six different primary OSD at Loyola University Medical Center between January 2018 and July 2020. Objective parameters included: LLT, IBI, PBR, IPFH, Pult meiboscore, and Schirmer I score. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the relationships between these parameters.

Results:
The meiboscore was highest in patients with SJS compared with the other five groups. There was significant variability in IPFH across different groups, with patients with oGVHD having the smallest height. An increase in IPFH was associated with increases in IBI, PBR, and Schirmer score. Patients with no partial blinks demonstrated a statistically significant higher IBI than patients who showed 1%–50% partial blinks. Finally, no statistically significant relationship was found between the following: (1) meiboscore and LLT, (2) OSDI and IPFH, (3) Schirmer score and IBI, or (4) LLT and IBI.

Conclusions:
There were fewer than anticipated differences in objective tear film and blink parameters between patients with six different OSD. A statistically significant association was found between IPFH and Schirmer score and IPFH and IBI, representing new findings in tear film research. Further investigation of the relationship between IPFH and IBI is needed.
Time Series Analysis of the Acute Effect of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter on Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Zhang Wancheng , Zhang Runping , Ling Jianglong , Tian Tian , Liu Tong , Dong Jiyuan , Ruan Ye 
Published: May 2023

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between environmental PM2.5 and heart failure (HF) hospitalization in Lanzhou, China.

Method
The correlation between atmospheric PM2.5 and HF hospitalization was evaluated using a distributed lag nonlinear model.

Result
During the study period, 16,122 HF patients were hospitalized. The average concentration of PM2.5 is 45.24 μg/m3. PM2.5 was positively correlated with HF hospitalization with single lag (lag0) and cumulative lag (lag01, lag02, lag03). The maximum lag effect is estimated to occur in lag03, and with the PM2.5 concentration increasing by 10 μg/m3, HF hospitalization risk increased by 1.023 (95% confidence interval, 1.006–1.039). The risk of hospitalization for HF in the male group, the age group 65 years or older, and the cold season was statistically significant and more positively correlated.

Conclusion
PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of HF admission in Lanzhou.
Current insight into enteropathogens in flare-up ulcerative colitis. An observational study
Authors: Hassan Elham Ahmed , Abdel Rehim Abeer Sharaf El-Din , Ahmed Asmaa Omar , Salim Shaimaa Mahmoud Abd Elmouez , Soliman Asmaa M.A. , Rashed Hebatallah G. , Abd El-Kareem Doaa M. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
Incidence of ulcerative colitis is globally increased. Enteric infections and their role in ulcerative colitis flares present a common health problem and a unique clinical challenge. We aimed to identify enteropathogens in flared ulcerative colitis patients and their antimicrobial susceptibilities and relation with the disease activity.

Methods
Stool samples were collected from 95 patients with ulcerative colitis (17 inactive cases and 78 active cases) according to the Mayo score assessment of ulcerative colitis severity. Enteropathogens were examined using an automated VITEK2 system and FilmArray gastrointestinal pathogen panel.

Results
Enteric infections were found in 81 patients (85.3%) with a significantly higher percentage in active ulcerative colitis (96.2% vs. 35.3%, P < 0.001). In 78 symptomatic patients, (78.7%) of bacteria as enteroaggregative and enteropathogenic E. coli, (11.5%) parasitic as Cryptosporidium and (7.7%) viral as Norovirus were the most detected microbial pathogens. Mixed, multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and opportunistic infections were reported in 70.7%, 52.9% and 46.7% respectively. Raoultella ornithinolytica was reported for the first time as an enteropathogen in ulcerative colitis flare. Multiple organisms, MDROs, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing and AmpC-resistant bacteria were significantly associated with disease severity.

Conclusion
Identifying enteropathogens especially opportunistic and MDR organisms as a cause of ulcerative colitis flare-ups is a matter of worry increasing their diagnostic and therapeutic burden. Periodic studies evaluating changes in microbial profiles and their antimicrobial susceptibilities are needed to achieve antibiotic stewardship and improve management.
Salvage lymphadenectomy after primary therapy with curative intent for prostate cancer
Authors: Quhal Fahad , Bryniarski Piotr , Rivas Juan Gomez , Gandaglia Giorgio , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Rajwa Pawel 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
To provide a summary of the current literature on salvage lymph node dissection (sLND) in patients with nodal recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) with focus on imaging, the extent of sLND and oncologic outcomes.

Recent findings
The clinical practice guidelines recommend performing PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after primary therapy. PSMA PET/CT has demonstrated superiority over choline PET/CT and MRI, especially at low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Although the heterogeneity in available literature does not allow standardization of surgical templates for sLND and PET/CT scan can guide the extent of surgical dissection, an anatomically defined extended template is typically considered. Radio-guided surgery (RGS) suggests an improved positive lymph node yield compared with standard sLND. However, long-term data are needed to evaluate the oncologic impact of sLND. The main aims of sLND are to delay recurrence and to postpone the need for systemic therapy. Available evidence suggests that around 40–80% of men can achieve complete biochemical response after sLND and 10–30% remain BCR free after 5 years. Robotic sLND might represent an option to reduce the risk of complications without compromising oncological outcomes; validation in controlled prospective studies is, however, needed.

Summary
sLND is a valid treatment option for patients with nodal recurrence only after primary therapy for PCa. Further optimization of patient selection based on highly sensitive and specific imaging and clinical factors remains an unmet need. To maximize the benefit of this approach, sLND should be discussed with patients who harbor lymph node-only recurrence after primary therapy in a shared decision-making.
The 100 Most-Cited Articles on Optic Neuritis: Trends of Subtypes, Authorship, and Time
Authors: Assayag Elishai , Weill Yishay , Rappoport Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Optic neuritis (ON) is an optic nerve inflammation that may lead to different degrees of vision loss. In recent decades, ON research facilitated a better understanding of the disease and its subtypes. This bibliometric analysis aimed to detect the 100 most-cited medical articles related to ON in the last 50 years (1972–2021) and describe publication trends arising from the list.

Methods:
The Scopus database was used to locate and screen the 100 most influential ON papers based on the number of citations per article. Each entry was reviewed for the first author (name, gender, institution, and country), year of publication, journal, number of citations, ON subtype, and study design. The mean impact factor (IF) of each journal was calculated.

Results:
The median number of citations was 265 (range 182–2,396). Observational studies on neuromyelitis optica-associated ON were the most common (27%), and the most influential decade was 2002–2011 (54 papers). Seventy-nine percent of articles were published in neurology journals, and a positive correlation between the mean number of citations per article and the journal mean IF was observed (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). Between 2009 and 2021, female authors led more ON studies (52%), and more publications originated outside the USA (68%), compared with previous years.

Conclusions:
This analysis summarizes the impact and shifting trends of ON research in the last decades.
Patch Technique for Primary Treatment of Type A Carotid Cavernous Fistula: A Case Series and Technical Notes
Authors: Al-Smadi Anas S. , Ali Rehan , Kappel Ari D. , Intikhab Osama , Rajah Gary B. , Luqman Ali 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The utilization of flow diverters (FDs) in the treatment of high-flow Type A carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) has been described before mainly as an adjunct to the traditional endovascular techniques and rarely as a stand-alone treatment. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated our experience with FDs as the solo nonadjunctive treatment of Type A CCF with severe cortical venous reflux (CVR).

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of patients with Type A CCFs who were treated using FDs' patch technique (PT). Patients' demographics, clinical data, and preoperative and postoperative ocular examination were recorded. The procedure technique, pipeline embolization device (PED) diameters, and immediate and late procedure outcomes were described.

Results:
Three patients were included in this case series. All patients had history of trauma and presented with decreased visual acuity, cranial nerve II deficit, limited extraocular muscles' movement, and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Diagnostic angiography was performed, which confirmed high-flow Type A CCF. Endovascular treatment was performed through distal radial access in 2 patients and femoral access in 1 patient by deploying 4 sequentially enlarging PEDs with immediate resolution of the ocular symptoms. Follow-up angiography confirmed complete resolution of CCF in 2 patients. One patient was lost to follow-up; however, angiogram at 4 months demonstrated residual small CCF with significant improvement from postprocedure angiogram.

Conclusions:
The patch technique using sequentially enlarging FDs is a reasonable alternative solo technique for the treatment of direct CCF symptoms and results in immediate resolution of CVR while preserving the cavernous sinus anatomy.
Nap1 and Kap114 co-chaperone H2A-H2B and facilitate targeted histone release in the nucleus
Authors: Fung Ho Yee Joyce , Jiou Jenny , Neisman Ashley B. , Bernardes Natalia E. , Chook Yuh Min 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCore histones are synthesized and processed in the cytoplasm before transport into the nucleus for assembly into nucleosomes; however, they must also be chaperoned as free histones are toxic. The importin Kap114 binds and transports histone H2A-H2B into the yeast nucleus, where RanGTPfacilitates H2A-H2B release. Kap114 and H2A-H2B also bind the Nap1 histone chaperone, which is found in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, but how Nap1 and Kap114 cooperate in H2A-H2B processing and nucleosome assembly has been unclear. To understand these mechanisms, we used biochemical and structural analyses to reveal how Nap1, Kap114, H2A-H2B and RanGTPinteract. We show that Kap114, H2A-H2B and a Nap1 dimer (Nap12) assemble into a 1:1:1 ternary complex. Cryogenic electron microscopy revealed two distinct Kap114/Nap12/H2A-H2B structures: one of H2A-H2B sandwiched between Nap12and Kap114, and another in which Nap12bound to the Kap114•H2A-H2B complex without contacting H2A-H2B. Another Nap12•H2A-H2B•Kap114•RanGTPstructure reveals the nuclear complex. Mutagenesis revealed shared critical interfaces in all three structures. Consistent with structural findings, DNA competition experiments demonstrated that Kap114 and Nap12together chaperone H2A-H2B better than either protein alone. When RanGTPis present, Kap114’s chaperoning activity diminishes. However, the presence of Nap12within the Nap12•H2A-H2B•Kap114•RanGTPquaternary complex restores its ability to chaperone H2A-H2B. This complex effectively deposits H2A-H2B into nucleosomes. Together, these findings suggest that Kap114 and Nap12provide a sheltered path from cytoplasm to nucleus, facilitating the transfer of H2A-H2B from Kap114 to Nap12, ultimately directing its specific deposition into nucleosomes.Significance StatementFree histones are toxic and must be sequestered by other macromolecules in the cell. Nuclear import receptor Kap114 imports H2A-H2B into the nucleus while also chaperoning it. The histone chaperone Nap1 also chaperones H2A-H2B, but it is unclear how Nap1 and Kap114 cooperate to process H2A-H2B. We present biochemical and structural results that explain how Kap114, Nap1 and H2A-H2B assemble in the absence and presence of RanGTP, how Nap1 and Kap114 co-chaperone H2A-H2B, and how RanGTPand Nap1 coordinate the transfer of H2A-H2B from Kap114 to assembling nucleosomes in the nucleus.
Palmitoylation regulates human serotonin transporter activity, trafficking, and expression and is modulated by escitalopram
Authors: Brown Christopher R. , Foster James D. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTIn the central nervous system, serotonergic signaling modulates sleep, mood, and cognitive control. During neuronal transmission, the synaptic concentration of serotonin is tightly controlled in a spatial and temporal manner by the serotonin transporter (SERT). Dysregulation of serotonergic signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of major-depressive, obsessive-compulsive, and autism-spectrum disorders, which makes SERT a primary target for prescription therapeutics, most notably selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). S-palmitoylation is an increasingly recognized dynamic post-translational modification, regulating protein kinetics, trafficking, and localization patterns upon physiologic/cellular stimuli. In this study, we reveal that human SERTs are a target for palmitoylation, and using the irreversible palmitoyl acyl-transferase inhibitor, 2-bromopalmitate (2BP) we have identified several associated functions. Using a lower dose of 2BP in shorter time frames, inhibition of palmitoylation was associated with reductions in SERT Vmax, without changes in Kmor surface expression. With higher doses of 2BP for longer time intervals, inhibition of palmitoylation was consistent with the loss of cell surface and total SERT protein, suggesting palmitoylation is an important mechanism in regulating SERT trafficking and maintenance of SERT protein through biogenic or anti-degradative processes. Additionally, we have identified that treatment with the SSRI escitalopram decreases SERT palmitoylation analogous to 2BP, reducing SERT surface expression and transport capacity. Ultimately, these results reveal palmitoylation is a major regulatory mechanism for SERT kinetics and trafficking and may be the mechanism responsible for escitalopram-induced internalization and loss of total SERT protein.
BONEcheck: a digital tool for personalized bone health assessment
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Tan , Ho-Le Thao P. , Pham Liem , Ho-Van Vinh P. , Hoang Tien Dat , Tran Thach S. , Frost Steve , Nguyen Tuan V. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackground and AimOsteoporotic fracture is a significant public health burden associated with increased mortality risk and substantial healthcare costs. Accurate and early identification of high-risk individuals and mitigation of their risks is a core part of the treatment and prevention of fractures. We aimed to introduce a digital tool called ’BONEcheck’ for personalized bone health assessment.MethodsThe development of BONEcheck primarily utilized data from the prospective population-based Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study and the Danish Nationwide Registry. BONEcheck has 3 modules: input data, risk estimates, and risk context. Input variables include age, gender, prior fracture, fall incidence, bone mineral density (BMD), comorbidities, and genetic variants associated with BMD. By utilizing published methodologies, BONEcheck generates output related to the likelihood of fracture and its associated outcomes. The vocabulary utilized to convey risk estimation and management is tailored to individuals with a reading proficiency at level 8 or above.ResultsThe tool is designed for men and women aged 50 years and older who either have or have not sustained a fracture. Based on the input variables, BONEcheck estimates the probability of any fragility and hip fracture within 5 years, skeletal age, subsequent fracture, genetic risk score, and recommended interval for repeating BMD. The probability of fracture is shown in both numeric and human icon array formats. The risk is also presented in the context of treatment and management options based on Australian guidelines. Skeletal age was estimated as the sum of chronological age and years of life lost due to a fracture or exposure to risk factors that elevate mortality risk. In its entirety, BONEcheck is a system of algorithms translated into a single platform for personalized osteoporosis and fracture risk assessment.ConclusionsBONEcheck is a new system of algorithms that aims to offer not only fracture risk probability but also contextualize the efficacy of anti-fracture measures concerning the survival benefits. The tool can enable doctors and patients to engage in well-informed discussions and make decisions based on the patient’s risk profile. Public access to BONEcheck is available viahttps://bonecheck.organd in Apple Store (iOS) and Google Play (Android).
PredictingBlomia tropicalisallergens using a multiomics approach
Authors: Hubert Jan , Vrtala Susanne , Sopko Bruno , Dowd Scot E. , He Qixin , Klimov Pavel B. , Harant Karel , Talacko Pavel , Erban Tomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe domestic miteBlomia tropicalisis a major source of allergens in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite its great medical importance, the allergome of this mite is not sufficiently studied. Only 14 allergen groups have been identified inB. tropicalisso far, even though early radioimmunoelectrophoresis techniques (27 uncharacterized allergen complexes) and comparative data based on 40 allergen groups officially recognized by WHO/IUIS in domestic astigmatid mites, suggest that a large set of additional allergens may be present. Here, we use a multiomics approach to assess the allergome ofB. tropicalisusing genomic, transcriptomic sequence data, and a highly sensitive protein abundance quantification. Out of 14 known allergen groups, we confirmed 13 (one WHO/IUIS allergen, Blo t 19, was found to be a contaminant originated from a nematode) and identified 16 potentially novel allergens using sequence similarity. These data indicate thatB. tropicalisshares 27 known/deduced allergen groups with pyroglyphid house dust mites (genusDermatophagoides). Among them, five allergen-encoding genes were highly expressed at the transcript level: Blo t 1, Blo t 5, Blo t 21 (known), Blo t 15, and Blo t 18 (predicted). However, at the protein level, a different set of most abundant allergens was found: Blo t 2, 10, 11, 20 and 21 (mite bodies) or Blo t 3, 4, 6 and predicted Blo t 13, 14 and 36 (mite feces). We show the use of an integrated omics method to identify and predict an array of mite allergens and advanced, label-free proteomics to determine allergen protein abundance. Our research identifies a large set of novel putative allergens and shows that expression levels of allergen-encoding genes may not be strictly correlated with the actual allergenic protein abundance in the mite bodies.