bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrale Elektrostimulation bei therapierefraktärer Gastroparese: Ergebnisse einer explorativen Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Iesalnieks Igors , von Rebay Natascha , Patejdl Robert , Tiller Maximilian , Müller Tobias , Schertl Florian , Seidl Holger , Patejdl Sophia , Motschmann Martin , Roggenbrod Sebastian , Agha Ayman , Schepp Wolfgang , Gundling Felix 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie elektrische Hochfrequenzstimulations-Therapie (Gastric Electric Stimulation, GES) stellt eine Behandlungsoption der Gastroparese verschiedener Genese dar. Die beste Indikation und die Prognoseparameter sind noch nicht abschließend geklärt.Retrospektive Analyse aller Gastroparese – Patienten, bei denen zwischen 2011 und 2020 ein GES-Device implantiert wurde. Das klinische Ansprechen wurde vor und nach Implantation mittels eines validierten Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) gemessen (maximale Punktzahl: 5, minimale Punktzahl: 0). Weitere Endpunkte der Studie waren: subjektiver Beschwerdeverlauf (keine Besserung, teilweise oder starke Besserung) und Änderung der Gastroparese-Medikation.Bei 42 Patienten (16 M: 26 F, durchschnittliches Alter 45 Jahre) wurde ein GES-Device implantiert. Die Genese der Erkrankung war diabetisch (n=23), idiopathisch (n=10) oder postoperativ (n=9). Elf Patienten (26%) hatten sich im Vorfeld bereits einer oder mehreren invasiven Behandlungen unterzogen. Der GCSI-Score der Gesamtgruppe lag präoperativ bei 3,23. Die Nachsorgezeit betrug im Median 12 Monate. In der Gesamtgruppe fand sich eine signifikante Besserung des GCSI-Scores 3, 6, 9 und 12 Monate postoperativ, unabhängig von der Indikation. In der multivariaten Analyse war die Erkrankungsdauer von >30 Monaten mit einem signifikant schlechteren GCSI-Score nach 12 Monaten assoziiert (p<0,001). Etwa 40% der Patienten konnten die Gastroparese-Medikation absetzen oder wesentlich reduzieren. Am Ende der Nachsorge berichteten 81% der Patienten über eine teilweise oder starke Besserung der Symptome. Während der Nachsorgezeit starben drei Patienten (7%).Die elektrische Neurostimulation des Magens ist eine effektive und sichere Option bei therapierefraktärer Gastroparese – unabhängig von der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung.
Urinary Acetaminophen Metabolites and Clinical Outcomes in Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Guardado Miguel , Torgerson Dara , Chapin Cheryl , Atum Azuka , Hernandez Ryan D. , Clyman Ronald , Simmons Rebecca , Parry Samuel , Ballard Philip L. 
Published: January 2025

Objective Extremely premature infants are treated with acetaminophen (APAP) for pain and patent ductus arteriosus. High doses of APAP in adults are toxic, and a recent study found an association between APAP metabolite levels in mothers' breast milk and both bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in their premature infants. In this study, we determined levels of APAP metabolites in the urine of infants at high risk for BPD and ROP.
Study Design Biorepository urine samples from 314 infants <29 weeks' gestation in the multicenter TOLSURF and PROP studies were analyzed by untargeted UHPLC:MS/MS (Metabolon, Inc.). We performed multivariate logistic regression and meta-analysis to examine associations between APAP metabolite levels and clinical outcomes.
Results 4-APAP sulfate was the most abundant of eight detected APAP metabolites and was present in 95% of urines. There were high correlations between levels of 4-APAP sulfate and the other APAP metabolites. In longitudinal studies on a subgroup of infants (day 6–56), periods of elevated 4-APAP sulfate occurred in 24/28 infants and were of longer duration (10.5 vs. 4.2 days, p = 0.001) with higher levels (13.3 vs. 5.6, p = 0.01) in infants after transition to enteral from total parenteral nutrition. Episodes of elevated metabolite did not differ by BPD status. On both days 10 and 28 there were no significant associations between levels of APAP metabolites and either BPD or ROP for all infants or for infants exclusively on parenteral or enteral nutrition.
Conclusion In two cohorts of extremely premature infants, levels of urinary APAP metabolites were not associated with increased risk for two adverse clinical outcomes.
Key Points
Increased Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations and Ambulatory Visits in Very Preterm Infants in the First Year of Life following Discontinuation of Access to Palivizumab
Authors: Evong Yolanda , Luo Jiaxin , Ye Lingyun , Fahey John , Breeze Janis L. , Attenborough Rebecca , Wong Kenny , Langley Joanne M. 
Published: January 2025

Objective From 2002 to 2023, palivizumab was the only intervention to reduce respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalizations in high-risk infants in Canada but advances in RSV prevention are drastically changing this landscape. Eligibility criteria for this monoclonal antibody for preterm infants varied over time across each of 10 Canadian provinces and 3 territories. The National Professional Pediatric Association (Canadian Pediatric Society) revised its eligibility recommendations in 2015, removing access for preterm infants 30 to 32 weeks gestation (WG). The province of Nova Scotia followed these recommendations the next season. This study aimed to determine if the removal of access to palivizumab in these previously eligible infants was associated with a change in hospital admissions, deaths, or ambulatory visits associated with RSV.
Study Design We identified a retrospective cohort of Nova Scotia infants born between 30 and 32 WG, without other risk factors for RSV-H, from April 2012 to September 2019 by linking six population-based provincial databases, and followed each infant through the first year of life. Episodes of RSV-associated hospitalization (RSV-H), ambulatory visits (RSV-A), or death were identified by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Disorders (ICD) RSV-associated diagnostic codes.
Results Of 4,835 infants born during the study period, 250 were 30 to 32 WG and eligible for the cohort. RSV-H increased approximately 10-fold following restricted access to palivizumab (from no RSV-H (0/123) to 9.4%; 95% CI 5.0, 15.9; risk difference 9.4), but no RSV-associated deaths occurred. RSV-A also increased from 5.7 to 17.3% (risk difference 11.6).
Conclusion Discontinuation of access to a prophylactic anti-RSV monoclonal antibody in very preterm infants was associated with a higher risk of RSV-H and RSV-A. Evaluation of health care policy change on patient well-being is essential to assess the impact and guide future decision-making at the population level.
Key Points
Impact of Severity of Sickle Cell Anemia on Auditory Discrimination Ability and Speech Perception in Noise
Authors: Sahu Preeti , Barman Animesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder with clinical manifestations due to circulatory changes, leading to adverse effects on the auditory system that might impact auditory processing, such as auditory discrimination and speech perception ability. This condition is associated with the severity level of anemia.
Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of anemia severity on auditory discrimination ability and speech perception in noise among SCA patients with normal hearing sensitivity.
Methods A total of 52 normal-hearing adults diagnosed with SCA in the age range of 15 to 40 were grouped into mild, moderate, and severe, based on anemia severity. Auditory discrimination tests for frequency, intensity, and duration were evaluated at 500 and 4,000 Hz along with speech perception in noise (SPIN) at 0 dB SNR using the mlp toolbox in the MATLAB software, version 2014a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). The IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis.
Results The results revealed an increase in median and interquartile range among anemia groups with increasing severity. Additionally, the median scores were found to be poorer for the higher frequency in all auditory discrimination tests than for the lower one. A regression in performance with an increase in severity for the SPIN test was observed.
Conclusion The severity of anemia plays an important role in functional auditory processing deterioration. Circulatory changes secondary to SCA affected auditory discrimination processing and speech perception in noise. However, all auditory discrimination abilities are not necessarily affected equally.
Low-temperature on-site in situ high-pressure ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy instrument
Authors: Hasaien Jiazila , Shan P. F. , Zhou F. R. , Zhao Jimin 
Published: January 2025

We design and construct an ultrafast optical spectroscopy instrument that integrates both on-site in situ high-pressure technique and low-temperature tuning capability. Conventional related instruments rely on off-site tuning and calibration of the high pressure. Recently, we have developed an on-site in situ technique, which has the advantage of removing repositioning fluctuation. That instrument only works at room temperature, which greatly hampers its application to the investigation of correlated quantum materials. Here, we further integrate low temperature functioning to this instrument, by overcoming enormous technical challenges. We demonstrate on-site in situ high-pressure ultrafast spectroscopy under a tunable temperature, from liquid-helium to above-room temperatures. During the pressure and temperature tuning process, the sample neither moves nor rotates, allowing for reliable systematic pressure- and temperature-dependence data acquisition. Ultrafast dynamics under 10–60 GPa at 130 K, as well as 40–300 K at 15 GPa, is achieved. Increasing and decreasing pressure within 5–40 GPa range at 79 K has also been achieved. The precisions are 0.1 GPa and 0.1 K. Significantly, temperature-induced pressure drifting is overcome by our double-pneumatic membrane technique. Our low temperature on-site in situ system enables precise pressure and temperature control, opening the door for reliable investigation of ultrafast dynamics of excited quantum states, especially phase transitions in correlated materials, driven by both pressure and temperature.
Electronic role of biosemiconductors with C=O bonds
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Yokotsuka Tomonori , Samoto Tetsuo , Saito Chika , Fujima Nobuhisa , Hashida Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2025

In this study, the electrical conducting properties of six types of biomaterials, comprising cellulose and chitosan derived from terrestrial plants and marine products, respectively, were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) and Schottky junction characteristics. Kenaf, chitosan, conifer, and RCH2OH (R = C11H17O9) exhibited ESR spectra showing unpaired electrons at 295 K, demonstrating rectifying effects at room temperature. In contrast, RCOONa (C12H17O11Na) and α-chitin, which did not exhibit observable ESR spectra, showed ohmic conduction behavior. The ESR g value was used to determine the organic radical species, suggesting that electrons originate from the glycosidic C1–O1•–C4 radical in cellulose and the aminyl N•–H radical in chitosan. RCOONa and α-chitin, which possess C=O bonds, suppress electron-induced effects and consequently inhibit the transport of free radicals, resulting in ohmic conduction.
Resistive flexible pressure sensor based on AgNWs–MXENE sponge for robot skin
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Liu Shuai , Kang Weidong , Zhang Yanan , Kou Hairong 
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of electronic devices, flexible pressure sensors have been widely used in many fields such as robot skin and wearable devices. However, designing a flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity, a wide detection range, and easy preparation remains a formidable challenge. In this study, high-elastic sponge is selected as the base material, and silver nanowires (AgNWs) and two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXENEs) are used as conductive materials. At the same time, AgNWs and PI tape are used as the electrode layer and encapsulation layer, respectively. A resistive flexible pressure sensor based on AgNWs–MXENE sponge is successfully prepared using sandwich encapsulation, and a series of performance tests and practical application tests are carried out on it. The test results show that the sensor has a wide detection range (0–1000 kPa). When the concentration of AgNWs–MXENE is 6%, the sensitivity of the prepared sensor reaches the highest value. Under the pressure of 0–2 kPa, it has a high sensitivity of 0.4901 kPa−1, as well as good response time (100 ms), good stability, and repeatability. It can also accurately detect the tiny and large pressures generated by activities such as pressing, making sounds, swallowing, and bending. This is of great significance for the accurate operation of robots, the functional optimization of wearable devices, and the improvement of the accuracy of health monitoring, and it has broad application prospects in the fields of robot skin, wearable electronic devices, health monitoring, and human–machine interaction.
Dialogic markers in Ask an Expert webpages on environmental discourse
Authors: Pascual Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Scholars and scientists increasingly promote collaboration, accessibility and information sharing through digital
media. One such communicative scenario for scientific dissemination is Ask an Expert practices, where specialised
knowledge of societal relevance is exchanged between expert and non-expert users. Focusing on the discourse of climate change and
environmental sustainability, this paper analyses a corpus of 80 texts from the Ask an Expert webpage of the
MIT Climate Portal by looking into dialogic mechanisms shaping the interaction among users. Insights are
gained into interactional metadiscourse categories, specifically attitude and engagement markers, which characterise experts’
knowledge construction and scientific dissemination in Ask an Expert texts to cater for the needs and
expectations of the general public in the field of environmental sciences.
Quantum curvature fluctuations and the cosmological constant in a single plaquette quantum gravity model
Authors: Blitz Samuel , Majid Shahn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the microscopic behavior of spacetime, in particular quantum uncertainty in the Ricci scalar, is critical for developing a theory of quantum gravity and perhaps solving the cosmological constant problem. To test this, we compute this quantity for a simple but exact discrete quantum gravity model based on a single plaquette of spacetime. Our results confirm initial speculations of Wheeler from 1955 in finding a UV divergence in the quantum uncertainty. We further show that this behavior is stable under renormalization, but potentially unstable with the introduction of a cosmological constant, suggesting that a bare cosmological constant is ruled out.
Study on high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in rotating black bounce spacetime
Authors: Yang Shining , Lu Jianbo , Yu Xinping , Xu Jingyang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the dynamical effects of particles orbiting a celestial body in rotating Simpson-Visser (RSV) spacetime. The results show that, compared to Kerr and rotating regular black holes, the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of an RSV wormhole is closer to the central object. Using high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (HFQPO) data from microquasars and $\chi^2$ analysis, we constrain the spin of microquasars and the regularization parameter $l$ in RSV spacetime based on four HFQPO models and their variants, and evaluate the models using the Akaike Information Criterion and Bayes factor.&#xD; Calculations indicate that $\mathrm{ER}_0$, $\mathrm{ER}_1$, $\mathrm{ER}_2$, $\mathrm{RP}_0$, $\mathrm{RP}_2$, and $\mathrm{WD}$ models have the same support by observational data as the best model $\mathrm{TD}$. Other models considered in this paper have less or no support from observational data. Concretely, for cases of $\mathrm{ER}_0$ and $\mathrm{RP}_0$ models, the observational constraints on RSV regularization parameter are respectively: $l^* = 0.908_{-0.073}^{+0.086}$ and $l^* <0.314$ at $68 \%$ confidence level, which correspond to the regular or the Kerr ($l^*=0$) BH. For $\mathrm{ER}_1$, $\mathrm{ER}_2$, $\mathrm{RP}_2$, $\mathrm{TD}$, and $\mathrm{WD}$ models, the observational data suggest that RSV objects should be the traversable wormhole, e.g. we have the limits: $l^* =1.850 \pm 0.036$, $l^* =4.964 \pm 0.046$, etc.
Magnetically maneuverable micromixer using acoustically excited bubbles
Authors: Chai Lin , Kim Daegeun , Chung Sang Kug , Lee Kang Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a new type of magnetically actuated micromixer that rotates using acoustically excited bubbles to enhance the mixing performance for not only micro total analysis systems (μTAS) but also targeted drug delivery technologies. The micromixer is capable of being transported to a desired location at various microstructures using magnetic actuation. It can also increase mixing efficiency in viscous environments through minimally invasive process based on acoustically excited bubbles. The micromixer consists of four microtubes containing bubbles and a magnetic liquid metal that can be controlled by magnetic force. High-speed images are used to measure the maximum flow velocity of the microstreaming induced by an acoustically excited bubble in the microtubes of varying lengths and under different acoustic frequencies. When the bubbles of the micromixer are excited acoustically, the micromixer is rotated with microstreaming from the bubbles, and the rotating speed increases as acoustic frequencies approach the bubble’s natural frequency. To investigate the mixing performance, the micromixer mixes a safranin solution in an aqueous medium or a mixture of water and glycerin. The mixing index is then calculated using an image analysis program. The micromixer achieves complete mixing within 40 s, whereas natural diffusion without the micromixer takes considerably longer. The transportation of the micromixer through magnetic actuation is demonstrated and quantified by means of a neodymium magnet placed under a microchannel. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate the mobility of the proposed micromixer through magnetic actuation and its drug-mixing functionality, which is driven by acoustically excited bubbles in a Y-shaped microchannel.
Bistable liquid shutter operated by DEW actuation for multifunctional miniature cameras
Authors: Park Sanghyun , Chung Sang Kug , Lee Jeongmin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To overcome the limitations of conventional mechanical optical elements, liquid-based optical devices such as a lens, prism, iris, and shutter have been proposed and studied since the 2000s. Among these liquid-based devices, various liquid shutter concepts have been presented to attenuate or block incident light in optical switching and imaging systems. To broaden the application of liquid shutters, further exploration of diverse designs optimized from a microfluidic perspective is required to ensure stable performance under vibrational environment. This paper presents a novel bistable liquid shutter operated by dielectrowetting actuation for high-performance and multifunctional camera modules. The opening and closing of the liquid shutter are achieved by controlling the position of an opaque droplet in a microfluidic channel with a dielectrowetting actuator. First, we developed a dielectrowetting actuator for droplet manipulation and a barrier structure for defining a boundary of the manipulation. To achieve bistable operation of where electrical power is only consumed during the opening and closing operations, barrier structures were designed in consideration of Laplace pressure. Second, a liquid shutter device was fabricated through photolithography, thin film deposition, liquid injection, assembly, and packaging. Especially, dry film resists (DFRs) were used to construct the designed barrier structures of various shapes (solid and dotted patterned barriers) and thicknesses (60, 90, and 120 μm) within the microfluidic channel, providing different Laplace pressures. Third, we investigated a liquid crystal as the subject of dielectrowetting actuation and as a light absorber. Next, the response and operational stability of the fabricated liquid shutter device were evaluated by adjusting the design specification, driving signal, and vibrational condition. The proposed liquid shutter features a compact design (∼180 μm in channel height) for miniaturization and operates with low power consumption. These results are expected to contribute to the design of future liquid shutters and similar liquid-based optical devices for multifunctional camera modules with reliable performance.
Study of proton-induced excitation functions on natGe up to 60 MeV
Authors: Anees Ahmed Arshiya , Misiak Ryszard , Mietelski Jerzy W , Brudecki Kamil , Marczewska Barbara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The cross sections for the production of medically significant radioisotopes, including 68Ge, 69Ge, 66Ga, 67Ga, 72As and various radioimpurities produced in pure germanium crystal irradiated with 60 MeV protons, were measured. The experiment utilized germanium targets with natural isotopic composition. Irradiation of the targets was performed using a proton beam from the AIC-144 accelerator at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow. Gamma spectroscopy was conducted with high-purity germanium detectors to measure the gamma-ray emissions from the irradiated targets. This enabled the determination of reaction cross-sections of the produced radionuclides. Additionally, our results were compared with existing literature and TALYS data to validate our findings. Generally, our experimental results align with previous studies, although discrepancies were observed in certain aspects. Specifically, nuclear model calculations and some literature data indicate slightly higher values compared to our findings.
Revisiting airflow resistivity measurement of fibrous porous materials via impedance and transmission loss tubes in the mid-frequency region
Authors: Pandey S , Jena D P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Airflow resistivity (AFR) is one of the most significant parameters of any given fibrous porous material for predicting the corresponding acoustical performance. In this experimental research, the AFR is first measured via the ISO 9053 method and then the results are compared with indirect measurements via an impedance tube (IT) and transmission loss (TL) tube following ASTM E1050 and ASTM E2611, respectively. The indirect measurements are carried out up to the duct cut-off frequencies, i.e. 300–4500 Hz, to demonstrate that AFR can be evaluated within an error of

⩽

2.5% even in the mid-frequency (

∼

1–2 kHz) region, superseding the limits of the ultra-low-frequency (2–100 Hz) region as mentioned in the previous literature. From the present experimental studies, it is also revealed that the AFR calculated via IT measurement is somewhat ambiguous since there are periodic peaks and valleys due to the resonance of the air cavity used in the measurement. In contrast, the AFR calculated via the TL tube is even, particularly in the mid-frequency (

∼

1–2 kHz) regime, making it more reliable for AFR estimations.
A parametrization algorithm to compute lower dimensional elliptic tori in Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Caracciolo Chiara , Figueras Jordi-Lluís , Haro Alex 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an algorithm for the construction of lower dimensional elliptic tori in parametric Hamiltonian systems by means of the parametrization method with the tangent and normal frequencies being prescribed. This requires that the Hamiltonian system has as many parameters as the dimension of the normal dynamics, and the algorithm must adjust these parameters. We illustrate the methodology with an implementation of the algorithm computing 2–dimensional elliptic tori in a system of 4 coupled anharmonic oscillators (4 degrees of freedom).