bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Laparostomy as a Treatment Measure for Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kumar Eva Sherin Saravana , Singh Scott Arockia , Sagar Bala Vidhya , Chithambaram Nithila , Jeyasekharan Sabu , Jeyasekharan Devaprasath 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
Abdominal compartment syndrome is a life-threatening condition that affects critically ill patients. When pressures inside a fixed cavity of the body increases, ischemia, muscle injury, and organ failure can result.
To assess the benefits and outcomes of laparostomy for abdominal compartment syndrome.

Material and Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent a laparostomy procedure as a treatment measure for abdominal compartment syndrome, secondary to different etiologies such as sepsis and major abdominal visceral trauma.

Results
Although there are a few complications such as incisional hernia in the future following a laparostomy, the mortality rate following the procedure is less than < 10%, thus ensuring a good prognosis for patients who present with acute surgical emergencies. It could also be further noted that an early closure by 7 to 14 days had definite beneficial outcomes as compared with delayed closure of more than 14 days. It prevented most long-term complications such as entero-atmospheric fistula formation or granuloma formation, the outcomes of which were further aided by the use of a transparent custom-made polypropylene mesh.

Conclusion
Laparostomy is the gold standard treatment for abdominal compartment syndrome. The use of a custom-made polypropylene mesh has proven to have the least complications in the follow-up period. Incisional hernias are the most common complications documented, followed by entero-atmospheric fistula.
An Observational Analysis of Mesh Fixation with Minimum Sutures and Its Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Saini Abhay , Mishra Navneet , Kushwah Priya , Toseef Mohammad , Huda Tanweer 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
The history of hernia repair is the history of the surgery itself. The surgical management of inguinal hernia has continuously evolved for 200 years.
This article determines the incidence of recurrence, chronic pain, and complications following open, tension-free Lichtenstein hernioplasty using a minimal stitch approach.

Material and Methods
This was a single-center, hospital-based, prospective observational study. A total of 197 participants with uncomplicated hernias were enrolled. All participants were operated following open, tension-free, minimal stitch Lichtenstein hernioplasty. The duration of follow-up was 6 months.

Results
Thirty-one (15.7%) participants were lost to follow-up, and 154 (78.2%) participants completed the follow-up. Making total of 166 cases (of which 142 were unilateral and 12 were bilateral, counted as 24 individually). Overall, right-sided direct inguinal hernia (30%) was the most common type, followed by right-sided indirect hernia (26%). Most participants (85%) were given three sutures to fix the mesh during open tension-free hernioplasty. The incidence of postoperative complications, including wound infection, hematoma, and seroma, was zero among participants in each group. The incidence of chronic pain and recurrence at 3 and 6 months after the surgery was zero among all participants.

Conclusion
Most patients in this study required three stitches to fix the mesh during hernioplasty. There were zero incidences of chronic pain, recurrence of the hernia, or any postoperative complication among participants. Thus, hernioplasty can be safely and effectively performed with minimal sutures among male patients with either unilateral or bilateral uncomplicated hernia.
Epidemiology and Treatment Outcome of Blast Injuries to the Hand at a Tertiary Hospital of Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Khurshid Junaid , Bashir Sheikh Adil , Rasool Altaf , Kulkarni Onkar Santosh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
Blast injuries to hand can have disastrous consequences on account of loss of critical hand functions. This study was conducted to study the epidemiology and outcome of hand blast injuries reporting to emergency department of a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods
All the blast injuries to hand admitted at our center between 2016 and 2020 were assessed at the time of injury and at 6 weeks after completion of primary management. The severity of injury and functional outcome was assessed using modified hand injury severity score (HISS) and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH) scale, respectively. Descriptive statistics was calculated and correlation between HISS and DASH was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results
A total of 26 cases with a mean age of 23.12 ± 9.1 years were included. The subjects included 25 males and 22 subjects had injury to their dominant hand. The grade of injury was severe in 12 (46.15%) cases followed by moderate in 5 (19.2%) cases and major in 5 (19.2%) cases. The mean HISS score at injury was 67.46 ± 37.6. The mean QuickDASH score at follow-up was 37.24 ± 29.7. QuickDASH score at follow-up had a significant correlation with HISS score at baseline with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of (r = 0.67, p = 0.0012)

Conclusion
Blast injuries to hands are primarily seen in young males with low-grade explosives being the primary source of injury. Dominant hand is most commonly involved with many cases needing revascularization procedures. Higher severity of blast injuries to hand is associated with poor outcome at follow-up.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Intoxication and Overdoses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maier Sven , Rösner Lisa , Saemann Lars , Sogl Jonas , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Trummer Georg , Czerny Martin , Benk Christoph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been increasingly applied over recent decades to treat severe cardiogenic shock and acute lung failure and cardiac arrest of various causes. Acute intoxication with therapeutic substances or other chemical substances can cause severe cardiogenic shock or even cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative systematic review of ECMO use in intoxication and poisoning. We searched the PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases from January 1971 to December 2021 and selected appropriate studies according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria to evaluate the role of ECMO in intoxication and poisoning systematically. Survival at hospital discharge was examined to describe the outcome. The search resulted in 365 publications after removing duplicates. In total, 190 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 145 articles from 1985 to 2021 were examined in our final qualitative analysis. A total of 539 (100%) patients were included (mean age: 30.9 ± 16.6 years), with a distribution of n = 64 (11.9%) cases with venovenous (vv) ECMO, n = 218 (40.4%) cases with venoarterial (va) ECMO, and n = 257 (47.7%) cases with cardiac arrest and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Survival at hospital discharge was 61.0% for all patients, 68.8% for vaECMO, 75% for vvECMO, and 50.9% for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. When used and reported, ECMO seems to be a valid tool for adult and pediatric patients suffering intoxication from various pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical substances due to a high survival rate at hospital discharge.
MicroRNA-375-3p Alleviates Salicylate-Induced Neuronal Injury by Targeting ELAVL4 in Tinnitus
Authors: Zhu Jingjing , Chen Zhen , Yu Bo , Zhang Lan , Ai Fen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose Tinnitus is a phantom perception of sound in the absence of acoustic source. Previous evidence has indicated that miR-375-3p is downregulated in rats with tinnitus in comparison to the controls. Nevertheless, its molecular mechanism underlying tinnitus pathogenesis is unclarified.
Methods SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated into neuronlike cells and stimulated with salicylate to mimic tinnitus in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining was utilized for measuring expression of NR2B (glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined using DCFH-DA assay kit. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction as well as western blotting was utilized for examining RNA and protein levels. Luciferase reporter assay was implemented for verifying the interaction between miR-375-3p and ELAVL4 (ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 4).
Results Salicylate treatment enhanced levels of NR2B and the early immediate gene ARC as well as ROS production. miR-375-3p was downregulated in salicylate-treated group. Overexpressing miR-375-3p attenuated the effects induced by salicylate in SH-SY5Y cells. miR-375-3p targeted ELAVL4 and upregulating ELAVL4 reversed miR-375-3p upregulation–triggered effects on SH-SY5Y cells under salicylate treatment.
Conclusion miR-375-3p mitigates salicylate-triggered neuronal injury in SH-SY5Y cells by regulating ELAVL4 expression.
Transmission and Risk Factors of COVID-19 among Health Care Workers
Authors: Alghader Majdi R.M. , Valvi Damaskini , de la Hoz Rafael E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant occupational risk factor to health care workers (HCWs). As in previous events, this occupational risk amplifies and compounds the adverse impact of the pandemic. We conducted a narrative review summarizing risk factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in HCWs. We searched for original observational studies (including case-control, cross-sectional, prospective and retrospective cohorts) using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 22 articles were reviewed, including eligible English articles published between April 2020 and May 2022. Job category, work environment, personal protective equipment (PPE) noncompliance, lack of PPE awareness and training, unvaccinated status, and competing community and household exposures were identified as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among HCWs. Effective measures to protect HCWs from SARS-CoV-2 need to account for the identified occupational risk factors. Identifying and understanding COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs must be considered a public health priority for policy makers to mitigate occupational and community transmission in current and future epidemics.
Machine learning for product choice prediction
Authors: Martínez-Garmendia Josué 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to provide a point of empirical evidence as to how machine-learning techniques stack-up in their ability to predict consumer choices relative to traditional statistical techniques. We compare a traditional (naïve) multinomial logit to six machine-learning alternatives: learning multinomial logit, random forests, neural networks, gradient boosting, support vector machines and an ensemble learning algorithm. The comparison is done by applying these methods to beer category stock keeping unit (SKU) level panel data. Results show that machine-learning techniques tend to perform better, but not always. Ensemble learning performs best while maintaining an overall high-performance level across all SKU classes, independently of their sample size. This result builds on existing evidence about the benefits of combining multiple prediction techniques over relying on a single best performing model, as conventional wisdom would intuitively make us believe. In general, the better performance of machine learning techniques at predicting product choice should not come as a surprise. At their core, machine learning techniques are designed to augment dimensionality of models and/or scan through orders of magnitude greater model alternatives, relative to the narrower focus of traditional approaches.
The strength of a weak centre: pandemic politics in the European Union and the United States
Authors: Alexander-Shaw Kate , Ganderson Joseph , Schelkle Waltraud 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe European Union presents a puzzle to political systems scholars: how can a developing polity, with all its attendant functional weaknesses, be rendered politically stable even through moments of a policy crisis? Building on insights from the literature on fiscal federalism, this article challenges much conventional wisdom on Europe’s incompleteness. This is based on the corollary of Jonathan Rodden’s concept of Hamilton’s Paradox: whereas a strong centre cannot resist exploitation by states because it has the means to rescue them, a weak centre’s lack of exploitable capacity may induce states to support, and even empower, it in a crisis. This article argues that in providing a contemporaneous stress-test, Covid-19 serves to expose both the pathologies of a strong-centred federation and the surprising resilience of a weak one. It highlights three polity features—powers, decision-making modes and integrity—and charts their political implications during an acute crisis. The article argues that in the EU these features incentivise cooperative ‘polity maintenance’ between polarised states, a feature absent in an American polity marked by rivalry between polarised parties. The article thus challenges notions that the EU’s incompleteness necessarily leads it to dysfunction or that it should strive to emulate established federations.
Financial constraints and firms’ markup: evidence from China
Authors: Yue Wen , Li Xuefei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing the micro data of Chinese manufacturing firms, this study analyzes the impact of financial constraints on firms’ markup and their influence mechanism. The findings suggest that financial constraints significantly reduce firms’ markup. The result is still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as key indicator substitution, analysis of endogeneity problems, controlling for other policy changes, dynamic panel model estimation, and quantile regression. An analysis of the influence mechanism shows that, on the one hand, financial constraints inhibit the improvement of firms’ production efficiency and reduce its markup through the productivity channel; on the other hand, financial constraints also reduce firms’ market pricing power and exert a significant negative impact on firms’ markup through the market pricing channel. At the same time, significant heterogeneity exists in the negative impact of financial constraints among different firm types. This paper not only enriches our understanding of the relationship between financial constraints and firms’ markup, but also provides a new perspective for a more comprehensive grasp of the micro economic effects of financial constraints.
Low-drift-rate external cavity diode laser
Authors: Chang Eddie H. , Rivera Jared , Bostwick Brian , Schneider Christian , Yu Peter , Hudson Eric R. ,   HUNTER Collaboration
Published: April 2023

We present the design, construction, and simulation of a simple, low-cost external cavity diode laser with a measured free-running frequency drift rate of 1.4(1) MHz/h at 852 nm. This performance is achieved in a compact aluminum structure held inside an airtight, temperature-controlled enclosure. The high thermal conductivity of the laser cavity and the stable temperature environment inside the enclosure minimize the time-varying, spatial temperature gradients across the laser cavity. We present thermal finite element method simulations, which quantify the effects of temperature gradients, and suggest that the drift rate is likely limited by the laser-diode and piezo-aging.
Deciphering the evolution of flavin-dependent monooxygenase stereoselectivity using ancestral sequence reconstruction
Authors: Chiang Chang-Hwa , Wymore Troy , Rodríguez Benítez Attabey , Hussain Azam , Smith Janet L. , Brooks Charles L. , Narayan Alison R. H. 
Published: April 2023

Controlling the selectivity of a reaction is critical for target-oriented synthesis. Accessing complementary selectivity profiles enables divergent synthetic strategies, but is challenging to achieve in biocatalytic reactions given enzymes’ innate preferences of a single selectivity. Thus, it is critical to understand the structural features that control selectivity in biocatalytic reactions to achieve tunable selectivity. Here, we investigate the structural features that control the stereoselectivity in an oxidative dearomatization reaction that is key to making azaphilone natural products. Crystal structures of enantiocomplementary biocatalysts guided the development of multiple hypotheses centered on the structural features that control the stereochemical outcome of the reaction; however, in many cases, direct substitutions of active site residues in natural proteins led to inactive enzymes. Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) and resurrection were employed as an alternative strategy to probe the impact of each residue on the stereochemical outcome of the dearomatization reaction. These studies suggest that two mechanisms are active in controlling the stereochemical outcome of the oxidative dearomatization reaction: one involving multiple active site residues in AzaH and the other dominated by a single Phe to Tyr switch in TropB and AfoD. Moreover, this study suggests that the flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FDMOs) adopt simple and flexible strategies to control stereoselectivity, which has led to stereocomplementary azaphilone natural products produced by fungi. This paradigm of combining ASR and resurrection with mutational and computational studies showcases sets of tools for understanding enzyme mechanisms and provides a solid foundation for future protein engineering efforts.
Ultrafast electron localization and screening in a transition metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Schumacher Z. , Sato S. A. , Neb S. , Niedermayr A. , Gallmann L. , Rubio A. , Keller U. 
Published: April 2023

The coupling of light to electrical charge carriers in semiconductors is the foundation of many technological applications. Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy measures simultaneously how excited electrons and the vacancies they leave behind dynamically react to the applied optical fields. In compound semiconductors, these dynamics can be probed via any of their atomic constituents with core-level transitions into valence and conduction band. Typically, the atomic species forming the compound contribute comparably to the relevant electronic properties of the material. One therefore expects to observe similar dynamics, irrespective of the choice of atomic species via which it is probed. Here, we show in the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor MoSe
2
, that through a selenium-based core-level transition we observe charge carriers acting independently from each other, while when probed through molybdenum, the collective, many-body motion of the carriers dominates. Such unexpectedly contrasting behavior can be explained by a strong localization of electrons around molybdenum atoms following absorption of light, which modifies the local fields acting on the carriers. We show that similar behavior in elemental titanium metal [M. Volkov
et al.
,
Nat. Phys.
15
, 1145–1149 (2019)] carries over to transition metal-containing compounds and is expected to play an essential role for a wide range of such materials. Knowledge of independent particle and collective response is essential for fully understanding these materials.
Regional comparison SIM.QM-S5 - natural gas
Authors: Delgado Jorge Koelliker , Kang Namgoo , Ramírez Nambo Carlos , Ramírez Flores Diana Gabriela , Murillo Francisco Rangel , Bae Hyun-Kil , Moon Dong-Min , Lee Sangil , Avendaño Paola , Flores Liliana , Delgado Mabel , Alí Acco Garcia Steve , Zambrano Rocío Carla Taquire , Bohórquez Andrés Felipe Peralta , Chamorro Andrea , Rosso Adriana , Arechavaleta Mariana Ruiz de , Fioravante Andreia de Lima , Augusto Cristiane Rodrigues 
Published: April 2023

Main text
The knowledge of natural gas composition is relevant for custody transfer operations. The determination of its composition is often used as the basis for the calculation of the calorific value. This report is a supplementary comparison organized for the Latin American region at SIM for components from methane to n-hexane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide with a total of ten components. The traveling standards were obtained from an external source and checked for homogeneity and stability by CENAM before and after the measurements by participants and confirming the values under the involvement of two coordinating laboratories (CENAM and KRISS).
The level of uncertainties of this comparison were not the traditional lower uncertainties for natural gas by long-established NMIs. Nevertheless, the results from the comparison are a useful official starting point for the SIM region. All results usually agree at levels higher than 0.6 % with the comparison reference value.
The combination of the complexity of the samples being obtained from an external provider, the loss of performance of methods and instruments used by CENAM, and the use of traveling standards all contributed to the unexpectedly higher uncertainties of measurement results of this study. It should also be noted that some participating laboratories did not consider normalizing their results and did not apply all appropriate corrections. For the reference value, all normalized amount fractions have been used and uncertainties propagated appropriately.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Noninvasive measurement of temperature for simulated tissue based on piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers
Authors: Chen Yizhou , Qu Mengjiao , Huang Yuping , Zheng Zaiping , Cui Peijuan , Liu Huicong , Xie Jin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper reports a noninvasive measurement of temperature for simulated tissue based on an AlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer array. Polydimethylsiloxane and a built-in heating plate are used to simulate the thermal therapy of human tissue. Based on time-of-flight (ToF) from the simulated tissue surface to the heating plate surface and corresponding temperature data, the piecewise linear fitting method is used to fit the ToF-temperature curve, and its sensitivity is

41.5

ns

∘

C

−
1

(below 50 °C) and

30.5

ns

∘

C

−
1

(from 50 °C to 65 °C). The average error of real-time temperature measurements is 0.58 °C for temperatures below 65 °C. The proposed method can provide a good solution for temperature detection during thermal therapy.