bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The longitudinal influence of tDCS on occipital GABA and glutamate/glutamine levels in episodic migraineurs
Authors: Pohl Heiko , Wyss Patrik , Sandor Peter S. , Schoenen Jean , Luechinger Roger , O'Gorman Ruth , Riederer Franz , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Michels Lars 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated differences in the concentration of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the combination of glutamine and glutamate (as GLX) in the early visual cortex of patients with episodic migraine and the influence of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on GABA and GLX. In this single‐blind, sham‐controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients with episodic migraine to receive daily anodal tDCS or sham stimulation. In addition, we included healthy controls. We acquired proton MR spectroscopy data of the visual cortex with 3 Tesla MRI at baseline and from migraine patients directly after the stimulation period and 4 months later. In 22 migraineurs and 25 controls, the GABA and the GLX concentrations did not differ at baseline between the groups. tDCS resulted in reduced concentrations of GABA but not GLX or the migraine frequency directly after the stimulation period, but not 4 months later. The changes in the levels of GABA in the early visual cortex of patients with episodic migraine in the interictal period suggest an effect of tDCS that allowed for subsequent changes in the migraine frequency. However, we might have missed relevant variations in the concentrations of these neurotransmitters during the follow‐up period, as changes in migraine frequency appeared after the first MRI and disappeared before the second.
Revisiting the late Quaternary fossiliferous infills of Cathedral Cave, Wellington Caves (central eastern New South Wales, Australia)
Authors: Fusco Diana A. , Arnold Lee J. , Gully Grant A. , Levchenko Vladimir A. , Jacobsen Geraldine E. , Prideaux Gavin J. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe Wellington Caves were the first Australian locality from which Europeans collected and analysed vertebrate fossils. Within this system, Cathedral Cave contains Australia's stratigraphically deepest sequence of fossil‐bearing infill sediments, the age and depositional history of which has been poorly understood. Here we present results from a new excavation of the upper 4.2 m of the deposit, reanalysing the stratigraphy, petrography, sedimentology and geochemistry, and employing optically stimulated luminescence dating, radiocarbon dating and Bayesian age modelling to establish a robust chronology. We recognise 13 sedimentary layers and sublayers in two stratigraphic units. Unit 2 accumulated between 72 000 ± 5000 and 38 000 ± 7000 years ago as sediments and animals entered through a now‐blocked ceiling hole. Accumulation halted for around 30 000 years when the hole closed. Unit 1 accumulated when deposition was reinitiated around 7000 ± 2000 years ago, continuing through to a few hundred years ago. Our chronology refutes earlier dating of the deposit, which suggested that extinct Pleistocene megafauna taxa persisted locally until the Last Glacial Maximum. It confirms the deposit as one of the few in Australia that formed during the interval of major environmental upheaval marked by the arrival of humans, variable climate and the extinction of many megafaunal species.
Liquid Metal as a Liquid State Nucleating Agent for Poly(l‐lactide)
Authors: Peng Hao , He Yucheng , Fu Zhiwei , Zhou Jiancheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work for the first time reports that liquid metal (LM, gallium) behaves as a nucleating agent for the plastic poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA). The LM‐PLLA composites with different content (0–10%, by weight) of LM are fabricated by a twin crew extruder. The impacts of LM content on non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior are systematically investigated by calorimetry combing with Avrami's theory, determining an optimal LM content (2.5%) for advancing the crystallization of PLLA. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) shows that the excessive LM will interfere with the crystal structure of X%LM‐PLLA. As a kind of liquid state nucleating agent in plastic, the nucleation mechanism of LM for PLLA is attributed to the production of carboxylate ion clusters from the reaction between carboxylic acid on the end group of the PLLA chain and gallium, which is distinct from the epitaxy mechanism of previous solid nucleating agents.
Fast spin‐echo approach for accelerated B1 gradient–based MRI
Authors: Froelich Taylor , DelaBarre Lance , Wang Paul , Radder Jerahmie , Torres Efraín , Garwood Michael 
Published: January 2023

PurposeTo expand on the previously developed ‐encoding technique, frequency‐modulated Rabi‐encoded echoes (FREE), to perform accelerated image acquisition by collecting multiple lines of k‐space in an echo train.MethodsFREE uses adiabatic full‐passage pulses and a spatially varying RF field to encode unique spatial information without the use of traditional B0 gradients. The original implementation relied on acquiring single lines of k‐space, leading to long acquisitions. In this work, an acceleration scheme is presented in which multiple echoes are acquired in a single shot, analogous to conventional fast spin‐echo sequences. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations investigated the feasibility of this approach and presented a framework to analyze important imaging parameters of FREE‐based sequences. Experimentally, the multi‐echo approach was compared with conventional phase‐encoded images of the human visual cortex using a simple surface transceiver coil. Finally, different contrasts demonstrated the clinical versatility of the new accelerated sequence.ResultsImages were acquired with an acceleration factor of 3.9, compared with the previous implementation of FREE, without exceeding specific absorption rate limits. Different contrasts can easily be acquired without major modifications, including inversion recovery–type images.ConclusionFREE initially illustrated the feasibility of performing slice‐selective 2D imaging of the human brain without the need for a B0 gradient along the y‐direction. The multi‐echo version maintains the advantages that encoding provides but represents an important step toward improving the clinical feasibility of such sequences. Additional acceleration and more advanced reconstruction techniques could further improve the clinical viability of FREE‐based techniques.
Evidence of cerebral hypoperfusion consecutive to ultrasound‐mediated blood‐brain barrier opening in rats
Authors: Labriji Wafae , Clauzel Julien , Mestas Jean‐Louis , Lafond Maxime , Lafon Cyril , Salabert Anne‐Sophie , Hirschler Lydiane , Warnking Jan M. , Barbier Emmanuel L. , Loubinoux Isabelle , Desmoulin Franck 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis work aims to explore the effect of Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) opening using ultrasound combined with microbubbles injection on cerebral blood flow in rats.MethodsTwo groups of n = 5 rats were included in this study. The first group was used to investigate the impact of BBB opening on the Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) signal, in particular on the arterial transit time (ATT). The second group was used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) over time following BBB opening and validate these results using DSC‐MRI.ResultsUsing pCASL, a decrease in CBF of up to was observed in the target hemisphere, associated with an increase in arterial transit time. The latter was estimated to be in the BBB opening impacted regions against in the contralateral hemisphere. The spatio‐temporal analysis of CBF maps indicated a nonlocal hypoperfusion. DSC‐MRI measurements were consistent with the obtained results.ConclusionThis study provided strong evidence that BBB opening using microbubble intravenous injection induces a transient hypoperfusion. A spatiotemporal analysis of the hypoperfusion changes allows to establish some points of similarity with the cortical spreading depression phenomenon.
On the status of greylag geese in Roman Paris: A linear and 2D geometric morphometric approach
Authors: Oueslati Tarek , Gruwier Ben 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate here the domestic status of goose remains from archaeological excavations of the Roman urban settlement of ParisLutecia. Within the diet of theParisiiadult goose competes with chicken in importance, thus offering abundant material for exploring the question of the domesticity of this bird. We first use linear and geometric morphometrics on modern tarsometatarsi of wild and domestic greylag geese to investigate potential morphological differences between the two forms. Afterwards, we apply this model on a Roman sample fromLutecia. The modern domestic breed shows notable differences in length and gracility of the tarsometatarsus compared with the wild specimens. In domestic males, the tarsometatarsi appear significantly longer and more robust compared with females. In wild greylag geese, we do not observe significant differences between males and females. Geometric morphometric analysis shows a modification of the shape in the domestic form, with increased robusticity and a bend of the shaft towards the distal end. Following this analysis, we examine the metrical specificities of the archaeological sample that shows only an increase in robusticity and no modification of length relative to the wild form. Our linear and geometric morphometric models clearly indicate that the majority of the Roman geese are domestic. Nevertheless, a smaller number of wild greylag geese are also present and must be considered as being sourced from hunting activities in the surroundings ofLutecia.
Fetal agenesis of the septum pellucidum: Ultrasonic diagnosis and clinical significance
Authors: Hu Xueyi , Shang Ning 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prenatal ultrasound (US) findings, genetic results, and clinical outcomes of fetuses with suspected agenesis of the septum pellucidum (ASP) in the Chinese population.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center study included a cohort of fetuses with ASP diagnosed by prenatal imaging over a 10‐year period. We evaluated US findings, associated anomalies, genetic results, and clinical outcomes. Prenatal and postnatal imaging findings were compared as well as the clinical outcome of delivery.ResultsNinety patients were included, with a median follow‐up time of 36 months (1–96 months). Thirty‐six fetuses (40%) with isolated ASP were diagnosed by prenatal US or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); 39 cases (43.3%) had ASP with central nervous system malformations and 15 cases (16.6%) had ASP with non‐CNS abnormalities. Additional imaging findings were supplemented with prenatal MRI in 13 cases. Genetic tests were performed on 32 patients, of whom six had abnormalities. Prenatal US results of 40 patients (40/70) diagnosed by referral hospitals did not correspond to our findings. Of the 38 patients with postnatal records, 11 had abnormal neurological development.Conclusion(s)The outcome of an isolated ASP is usually favorable; however, neurological developmental delay is commonly observed if it is combined with other malformations.
Fetal surgery is not associated with increased inflammatory placental pathology
Authors: Cardenas Maria C. , Cheek‐Norgan E. Heidi , Branda Megan E. , Norgan Andrew P. , Schenone Mauro H. , Lemens Maureen A. , Chakraborty Rana , Ruano Rodrigo , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveFetal surgery has improved neonatal outcomes; however, it is unknown if the intervention contributes to the developmental of inflammatory pathologies in the placenta. Here, an association between fetal surgery and placental pathology was examined.MethodThis case‐control study compared pregnancies with fetal surgery (n = 22), pregnancies with an indication for fetal surgery but without an intervention being done (n = 13), and gestational‐age and fetus‐number matched controls (n = 36). Data on maternal, infant, and placental outcomes were abstracted. Additionally, immunohistochemistry identified expression of lymphoid and myeloid cells in the placenta on a subset of cases. Comparisons were performed using Kruskal‐Wallis or Pearson's chi‐squared tests.ResultsMaternal characteristics were comparable between groups. Most fetal interventions were for diaphragmatic hernia, spina bifida, or twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. Fetuses who were operated on before birth were more likely to be born preterm (p = 0.02). There was no increase in the rate of observed placental pathologies or immune cell infiltration in fetal surgery cases compared to controls.ConclusionThe data suggest that fetal surgery is not associated with increased inflammatory or morphologic pathology in the placenta. This observation supports the growing field of fetal surgery.
PD‐L1 expression by different scoring methods and different cutoff values and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics in gastric cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Si Lixiang , Pan XiaoHua , He Kang , Sun Ling , Wang Yajing , Xu Xinyu , Lu Jianwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe retrospectively enrolled 325 gastric cancer (GC) patients to investigate the associations of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression with clinicopathological characteristics by different scoring methods and different cutoff values. PD‐L1 expression was evaluated by the tumor proportion score (TPS) and the combined positive score (CPS). The positive rate of PD‐L1 TPS ≥1%, CPS ≥1, CPS ≥5 and CPS ≥10 in our study were 12.0%, 87.4%, 69.8% and 42.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that PD‐L1 CPS ≥5 was related to high expression of Ki67 (OR = 2.658, 95% CI: 1.401–5.045, p = .003) and pTNM staging (p = .033). PD‐L1 CPS ≥10 was correlated with larger tumor size (OR = 2.322, 95% CI: 1.052–5.127, p = .037) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.495, 95% CI: 1.293–4.814, p = .006). It is expected that these results can provide a reference for screening GC patients with high PD‐L1 expression level.
Obtaining mesoscale singular vectors reflecting synoptic‐scale uncertainty by projection in phase space
Authors: Ono Kosuke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe choice of initial perturbation technique in regional ensemble prediction systems is important for forecasts of heavy rain events. Although the uncertainty at synoptic scale has a strong impact on the forecast performance of mesoscale phenomena, there is no established method for explicitly providing synoptic‐scale uncertainty when generating mesoscale initial perturbations. In this study, a new method of calculating mesoscale singular vectors (SVs) that reflect synoptic‐scale uncertainty by applying a regional targeting technique to a subspace of the model phase space spanned by global ensemble perturbations was developed. Comparison of the results of this new method with those of the original SVs showed that the new SVs with high growth rate corresponded to the original SVs with high growth rate, whereas the new SVs with relatively lower growth rate had a larger contribution from the global ensemble perturbations. The new SVs mitigated the tendency of the original SVs to localize over the southern sea of the computational domain, and the forecast errors were better captured by the new SVs than by the original SVs. Furthermore, the effect on forecast performance of the new SVs as initial perturbations was confirmed by using the operational regional ensemble prediction system at the Japan Meteorological Agency. It was found that the precipitation probability forecast performance was superior in the first half of the forecast period at all rainfall thresholds.
Optimal control of sampled‐data systems based on an optimized stochastic sampling
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Zhu Zhikang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the optimal control problem of continuous‐time sampled systems closed by a stochastically sampled controller. A model based on the Poisson Counter processes is proposed to describe the stochastic sampling, while another sampling frequency cost function is developed. As a results, more than one cost function will be considered and more difficult. In order to deal with the optimal control problem, the stability problem is first analyzed, while both the control gain and sampling sequence are given in advance and without optimized. Then, based on the optimized sampling sequence, both finite‐ and infinite‐time nominally optimal controllers are designed respectively. Particularly, sufficient conditions for testing such optimal controllers existing or not are established by applying the above given results. Finally, some numerical examples are offered to verify the effectiveness and superiorities of the methods proposed in this study.
Place re‐making and sense of place after quarrying and social‐ecological restoration
Authors: Svobodova Kamila , Plieninger Tobias , Sklenicka Petr 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRapid urbanization increases pressure on extracting construction materials through quarrying, which is disrupting and re‐making places worldwide. In this study, we examine how people's place making and sense of place are reconfigured through quarrying. Taking a case study approach, we investigate perceptions of sense of place after quarrying and social‐ecological restoration in a limestone region of the Czech Republic. Our survey of 400 visitors shows that quarrying affects sense of place through feelings, activities, and quarry features. These can be predicted by socio‐demographic characteristics, experiences and preferences, and the context of a particular quarry. We conclude that sense of place and place making should be key themes of the sustainable development debate, as they help to better understand the human variables that constrain or enable socially just development. Our approach provides a conceptual basis for this by revealing the processes through which people iteratively recreate their connections to places shaped by long‐lasting disruptions, such as mining and quarrying, that erased prior socio‐cultural and material landscapes.
Applications of Bacteria Decorated with Synthetic DNA Constructs
Authors: Prasad Pragati K. , Motiei Leila , Margulies David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe advent of DNA nanotechnology has revolutionized the way DNA has been perceived. Rather than considering it as the genetic material alone, DNA has emerged as a versatile synthetic scaffold that can be used to create a variety of molecular architectures. Modifying such self‐assembled structures with bio‐molecular recognition elements has further expanded the scope of DNA nanotechnology, opening up avenues for using synthetic DNA assemblies to sense or regulate biological molecules. Recent advancements in this field have lead to the creation of DNA structures that can be used to modify bacterial cell surfaces and endow the bacteria with new properties. This mini‐review focuses on the ways by which synthetic modification of bacterial cell surfaces with DNA constructs can expand the natural functions of bacteria, enabling their potential use in various fields such as material engineering, bio‐sensing, and therapy. The challenges and prospects for future advancements in this field are also discussed.
Associative Liquid‐In‐Liquid 3D Printing Techniques for Freeform Fabrication of Soft Matter
Authors: Honaryar Houman , Amirfattahi Saba , Niroobakhsh Zahra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShaping soft materials into prescribed 3D complex designs has been challenging yet feasible using various 3D printing technologies. For a broader range of soft matters to be printable, liquid‐in‐liquid 3D printing techniques have emerged in which an ink phase is printed into 3D constructs within a bath. Most of the attention in this field has been focused on using a support bath with favorable rheology (i.e., shear‐thinning behavior) which limits the selection of materials, impeding the broad application of such techniques. However, a growing body of work has begun to leverage the interaction or association of the two involved phases (specifically at the liquid–liquid interface) to fabricate complex constructs from a myriad of soft materials with practical structural, mechanical, optical, magnetic, and communicative properties. This review article has provided an overview of the studies on such associative liquid‐in‐liquid 3D printing techniques along with their fundamentals, underlying mechanisms, various characterization techniques used for ensuring the structural stability, and practical properties of prints. Also, the future paths with the potential applications are discussed.
Charge Separation in BaTiO3 Nanocrystals: Spontaneous Polarization Versus Point Defect Chemistry
Authors: Neige Ellie , Schwab Thomas , Musso Maurizio , Berger Thomas , Bourret Gilles R. , Diwald Oliver 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe fate of photogenerated charges within ferroelectric metal oxides is key for photocatalytic applications. The authors study the contributions of i) tetragonal distortion, responsible for spontaneous polarization, and ii) point defects, on charge separation and recombination within BaTiO3 (BTO) nanocrystals of cubic and tetragonal structure. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in combination with O2 photoadsorption experiments show that BTO nanocrystals annealed at 600 °C have a charge separation yield enhanced by a factor > 10 compared to TiO2 anatase nanocrystals of similar geometries. This demonstrates for the first time the beneficial effect of the BTO perovskite nanocrystal lattice on charge separation. Strikingly, charge separation is considerably hindered within BTO nanoparticles annealed ≥ 600 °C, due to the formation of Ba–O divacancies that act as charge recombination centers. The opposing interplay between tetragonal distortion and annealing‐induced defect formation inside the lattice highlights the importance of defect engineering within perovskite nanoparticles.
Sulfur‐Bridged Bonds Heightened Na‐Storage Properties in MnS Nanocubes Encapsulated by S‐Doped Carbon Matrix Synthesized via Solvent‐Free Tactics for High‐Performance Hybrid Sodium Ion Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Liu Baolin , Lu Zhenjiang , Hu Jindou , Xie Jing , Hao Aize , Cao Yali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe exploitation of electrode materials with ability to balance capacity and kinetics between cathode and anode is a challenge for sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs). Mn‐based anode materials are limited by poor electrical conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, large volume variation, weak cycling stability, and inferior reversible capacity. Herein, MnS nanocubes encapsulated in S‐doped porous carbon matrix (MSC) with strong sulfur‐bridged bond interactions (CSMn) are successfully synthesized by solvent‐free tactics. The CSMn bonds generated between MnS and carbon significantly inhibit the aggregation of nanostructural MnS cubes, restrict the volume expansion, and stabilize the nanostructure, which improves the Na+ storage reversibility and stability. Moreover, S‐doped porous carbon enhances the electrical conductivity and electrons/ions diffusion rate, which boosts a fast kinetic reaction. As expected, MSC anode presents an outstanding reversible capacity of 600 mAh g‐1 at 0.2 A g‐1 and a long‐term stable capacity of 357 mAh g‐1 for 1000 cycles at a high current density of 10 A g‐1 in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The as‐assembled SIHCs deliver a high energy density of 109 W h kg‐1 and a high power output of 98 W kg‐1, with 88% capacity retention at 2 A g‐1 after 2000 cycles and practical applications (55 LEDs can be lighted for 10 min).