bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La mise en scène de l’Autre dans les tragédies de Voltaire
Authors: Ligier-Degauque Isabelle 
Published: July 2023

À partir de quatre tragédies créées entre 1732 et 1755, nous souhaitons voir comment Voltaire s’interroge sur le modèle de civilisation porté par le mouvement des Lumières, en passant par le détour géographique. L’écrivain a besoin de la différence de l’Autre pour mettre en jeu une réflexion concentrée sur des objets essentiels de la philosophie politique : le phénomène de l’idéologie et des projections fantasmatiques sur l’Autre (Zaïre), les fondements nécessaires à la concorde sociale, après les temps de guerre civile (Mahomet) ou les entreprises de conquête (Alzire, L’Orphelin de la Chine). La possibilité du désaccord parfait existerait-elle ? La répétition du schéma dramatique de la confrontation entre puissances politiques fait ressortir, chez Voltaire, une pensée tendue vers un modèle de coexistence qui saurait faire sienne l’altérité sans y voir une nuisance.
Des églises monastiques de pèlerinage ?
Authors: Bonnéric Julie 
Published: July 2023

Certaines églises, occupées principalement à la période umayyade et situées au sud de l’Irak et dans le golfe Arabo-Persique, présentent des similitudes déjà mises en évidence : elles sont caractérisées par un sanctuaire rectangulaire à chevet plat encadré par deux annexes, des vaisseaux séparés par des murs-piliers et des entrées latérales. Leur plan original et leur environnement monastique fournissent des informations sur leur fonction et leur organisation spatiale. En Irak, les églises de ʿAyn Šāyʿa et du tell V d’al‑Ḥīra n’ont été que partiellement fouillées et fournissent peu d’indices de leur usage. Les églises du Golfe, explorées de manière plus extensive, permettent quant à elle d’éclairer les pratiques du Bas‑Irak. Des comparaisons avec d’autres corpus d’églises mieux connus, comme celui de la Syrie du Nord, et avec les églises plus récentes rattachées au rite chaldéen, sont parfois fructueuses. Les textes peuvent aussi offrir des indications précieuses. L’ensemble de ces données permet de formuler des hypothèses sur la fonction des espaces et la liturgie, et semble indiquer que ces églises accueillaient très probablement une liturgie monastique et des pèlerins.
Les miaphysites d’Irak : une seconde « Église de l’Orient » à la veille de la conquête arabe ?
Authors: Pierre Simon 
Published: July 2023

L’histoire du mouvement syro-orthodoxe en Irak a principalement été écrite à partir de sources médiévales et syro-occidentales. Cet article tente de reconstituer l’histoire originelle de cette Église, à la fois miaphysite et syro-orientale. Il questionne deux figures fondatrices : d’une part l’hypothétique catholicossat d’Aḥudemmeh au milieu du vie siècle, qui fut peut‑être le résultat d’une construction historiographique, d’autre part le couvent de Mar-Mattaï dont la rupture avec l’Église dyophysite officielle pourrait témoigner d’un mouvement de radicalisation institutionnelle et christologique du tournant du viie siècle. L’étude de deux foyers essentiels, les régions des futures Kūfa et Mossoul, permet de retarder l’apparition des premières structures miaphysites en Irak à la fin du vie siècle. Ces milieux se développèrent alors en réaction à une évolution de l’Église dyophysite majoritaire, mais ne semblent pas avoir bénéficié d’un éventuel soutien impérial. Plus qu’une émanation du courant miaphysite de l’Empire romain, la province miaphysite de l’Orient paraît être le produit de processus qui, sans être hermétiques aux flux d’idées et de personnes venues d’Occident, eurent également leurs propres moteurs internes.
Editorial: New Ethnic Issues
Authors: Raulin Anne , Crenn Chantal 
Published: July 2023

The issue of ethnicity has always been a controversial one, especially in France — whether on the mainland in relation to regional minorities or migrants, or in the French overseas territories. As a former colonial Empire and an epitome of secular republicanism, France resists use of any ethnic identification, including in the academic world and anthropology. This topical collection reconsiders this position and takes stock of the “ethnic situations” in relation to the new postcolonial and post-socialist historical conditions, the generalisation of the global market, the accelerated movement of goods and people, as well as the intensification of the diasporic phenomenon. The various contributions provide insights into specific ethnic affiliations, seen from the inside, in diverse ethnographic fields related to migration to France, from Senegal, Morocco, Comoros, Asia, or within the framework of particular French institutions.This editorial seeks to give space to consideration of the issue of ethnicity, emancipating it from its current national suppression in France, by connecting it to other currents of thought developed by non-French, French-speaking sociologists, such as Danielle Juteau, and English-speaking sociologists, in particular Jean and John Comaroff, who have addressed this topical collection in diverse national contexts (Quebec, United States, South Africa, China, etc.). The authors of this editorial and coordinator of this topical collection emphasise that ethnic affiliations show a real capacity of adaptation, paradoxically using it as a means of integration into the French urban economy and republican landscape, as a way to promote their form of citizenship. They show how this sociological category can be interpreted by individuals in a rigid way, or with openness to other ethnic markers, thus demonstrating “transethnic competence”. They conclude that, far from being an archaism, ethnic dynamics are always at work in contexts dominated by national representations. Moreover, ethnic identification, one of the modalities of perception of otherness, which should not be limited to minorities as it also concerns majority groups, deserves a specific approach, distinct from race and discrimination. This editorial and topical collection of the Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales seek to contribute, from the perspective of the case of France to the general and international reflection on the processes of ethnic differentiation in a globalised world.ethnic, ethnicity, ethno-nations, minorities, majorities, migration, diasporas, circulation, imagination, market, globalisation, associations, hospital, religion, race, Asians, Moroccans, France, Senegal, Mayotte, Comoros
Fluoride analysis in aqueous solutions - a comparison of two colorimetric methods
Authors: Fernando A. , Liyanage S. , Cooray A.T. 
Published: July 2023

Fluoride is beneficial for human health only in a narrow concentration range. Over the years, many analytical techniques have been developed to quantify fluoride in a variety of sample matrices. In this research, fluoride concentrations of twenty (20) natural water samples determined by SPADNS (SPA) and Eriochrome Cyanine R (ECR) colorimetric methods were evaluated to ascertain whether these methods can produce comparable fluoride concentrations. According to the paired t test for comparing individual differences, the two datasets are different at 95% confidence level suggesting that the two analytical methods produce statistically different fluoride concentrations for the analysed water samples. The potential interferences of Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ on the fluoride analysis was evaluated using 0.85 mg L-1 fluoride standard solutions spiked with various amount of the above-mentioned metal ions. The highest interference was observed with Al3+ ions, which underestimated the fluoride concentration by 26% and 23% for ECR and SPA methods respectively at 20.0 mg L-1 Al3+ concentrations. The minimum interference was observed for Ca2+ ions which underestimated the fluoride concentration by 8% and 7% for ECR and SPA methods respectively at 100.0 mg L-1 Ca2+ concentrations. Acid distillation resulted in the samples spiked with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the range of 0.50 to 100.0 mg L-1 reaching the theoretical concentration of 0.85 mg L-1. Acid distillation also worked well for the Al3+- fortified samples, except for Al3+ concentration at 20 mgL-1. The efficiency of the acid distillation method was also tested with three (03) natural water samples. The fluoride concentration increased significantly after the acid distillation; however, even after the acid distillation, statistically comparable fluoride concentrations were not observed.
Long-term outcomes of single monocular resection–recession in adult sensory strabismus and factors affecting the postoperative drift
Authors: Kaur Savleen , Korla Shagun , Sukhija Jaspreet 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of our study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcome of horizontal strabismus surgery in patients having sensory strabismus and to analyze the factors that affect the postoperative drift in these patients over a follow-up of three years.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series. Patients aged ≥18 years, having low vision (visual acuity ≤20/60) in one eye, and undergoing horizontal strabismus surgery (standard recess–resect procedures) in the same eye were recruited. All patients were advised patching of the good eye six weeks prior and continued for six weeks post strabismus surgery. We excluded patients who had paralytic disorders, motility defects, or those with chronic systemic conditions. Patients with a minimum follow-up of three years were recruited.

Results:
The study included 56 patients whose mean age was 22.9 ± 4.93 years. Exotropia (n = 38; 67.8%) was more common than esotropia (n = 18; 32.1%). Preoperative visual acuity was 1.1 ± 0.85 (range perception of light to 6/18p). The cause of low vision was amblyopia (n = 30; 53.5%) followed by trauma (n = 22; 39.2%). The mean preoperative distance deviation was 57.7 ± 15.5 PD in the primary position (range: 20–65 PD). The success rate of exotropia (78.9%) was more than esotropia (52.9%) at three years. Two patients with esotropia were overcorrected. All patients with exotropia showed an exotropic drift with time.

Conclusion:
The motor alignment after a single recession–resection procedure was satisfactory at the long-term in our cohort of sensory strabismus. The duration or extent of visual impairment had no relation to the postoperative outcome.
Impact of glaucoma on vision-specific quality of life in monocular glaucoma patients using the Indian vision function questionnaire
Authors: Maheshwari Devendra , Ingle Isha , Tara Techi Dodum , Ramugade-Shinde Sarika , Pillai Madhavi R , Kader Mohideen A , Rengappa Ramakrishnan , Uduman Mohammed Sithiq 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the determinants affecting the quality of life in monocular glaucoma patients using the Indian vision function questionnaire.

Methods:
In this prospective cross-sectional study, total of 196 patients were divided into two groups: cases and controls. Indian Vision Function Questionnaire (IND-VFQ) was administered and analyzed. One hundred twenty-nine (58.6%) patients who had lost their vision in one eye due to glaucoma were included as cases and 67 (30.4%) patients who had lost their vision due to other causes were taken as controls.

Results:
Median composite score of subscales was 54.62 (29.7–74.7) in group 1 and 45.38 (23.7–76.7) in group 2. The psychosocial impact scale was the most affected scale, the median scores were 33.02 (0 to 60.0) and 19.07 (0 to 53.0) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Among all dimensions of IND-VFQ, the highest score was for color vision 100.0 (0–100.0) and 100.0 (0–100.0), and the lowest median score was found in mental health and dependency in both the groups. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that visual acuity was associated with a low score (P < 0.001). Female gender was significantly associated with the overall score in the univariate model (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
Monocular glaucoma patients have a poor general and vision-related quality of life. Depression associated with monocularity and the perception of dependency and being a burden on their family members greatly impacted the mental health of the participants.
Microkeratome chronicles: Management of a free flap
Authors: Paryani Mukesh , Israni Neeraj , Kochar Shruti , Aggarwal Karishma 
Published: July 2023

Background:
In LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis), a hinged corneal flap is made, which enables the flap to be lifted and the excimer laser to be applied to the stromal bed. If the hinge of the corneal flap detaches from the cornea, the flap is called a free cap. A free cap is a rare intra-operative complication of LASIK most commonly associated with the use of a microkeratome on corneas with flat keratometry, which predisposes to a small flap diameter. Free caps are preventable and treatable. Rarely does the complication lead to a severe or permanent decrease in visual acuity.

Purpose:
As free caps are avoidable, prevention is critical. Our video gives some tips and tricks on how to avoid a free flap and also focuses on how to manage a cut through a free flap.

Synopsis:
If a free cap is created, the surgeon must decide whether to continue with excimer laser ablation or to abort the procedure. When to abort: If the stromal bed is irregular, the flap is replaced without applying laser ablation. Without ablation, generally, there is no change in refractive error or significant loss of visual acuity. When to continue: If the stromal bed is regular and the cap is of normal thickness, the surgeon may proceed with ablation. To prevent desiccation, the free cap should be handled with caution and should be placed on a drop of balanced salt solution. The free cap should be placed epithelial facing up, along with a bandage contact lens. The endothelial cell pump mechanism typically allows the cap to re-adhere tightly.

Highlights:
Risk factors for a free cap are generally anatomic or mechanical. Especially in flat corneas, an appropriate ring and stop size should be chosen looking at the nomogram on the basis of the keratometry values. Deep orbits and deep-seated eyes should be looked for as PRK is a better option in such cases. Inadequate suction should be dealt with a lot of care, and once this is done, the vacuum should be stopped. Re-docking of the microkeratome with suction can be done again. Prior testing of the microkeratome and a good verbal anesthesia are a few more such important points to be pondered upon. This video gives us such tips and is a comprehensive video for a novice surgeon performing microkeratome LASIK.

Video link: https://youtu.be/piU9nK6rbm4

Key words: Flat cornea, free flap, microkeratome LASIK
Hypertensives versus Normotensives: Study on Coping Strategies and Lifestyle Determinants among Industrial Workers, Hyderabad, South India
Authors: Palagiri Sushma , Bala Sudha , Pandve Harshal , Polamuri Chandralekha , Katkuri Sushma 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Establishing an association between the coping strategies, stress, and lifestyle determinants with blood pressure levels among industrial workers is very essential to incorporate in the management of hypertension.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken at three factories located in Hyderabad on a camp-based approach which employed the usage of two standardized data collection tools—brief cope inventory scale and perceived stress scale along with other lifestyle determinants.

Results:
There were 256 study participants consisting of 144 known diagnosed cases of hypertension and 112 normotensives. Overarching coping styles mainly emotion-focused and avoidant mean scores were found to be significantly higher among the hypertensive group compared to non-hypertensives with the following facets: planning, venting, self-distraction, substance use, and behavior disengagement having higher scores and low humor scores. Mean perceived stress score, increased mean body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of hypertension were found to be statistically significant with increased odds ratio among the hypertensives group.

Conclusions:
A need exists to target this group with psychological interventions of cognitive behavior therapy at the earliest to improve the coping strategies which can be incorporated into the management of hypertension.
Teaching basic life support for medical students: Assessment of learning and knowledge retention
Authors: Silva Nara Lúcia de Carvalho , de Melo Maria do Carmo Barros , Liu Priscila Menezes Ferri , Campos João Paulo Ramos , Arruda Marina de Abreu 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Education mediated by simulation is a widely used method for teaching basic life support (BLS). The American Heart Association recommends protocols based on scientific evidence to reduce sequelae and mortality. We aimed to assess learning and retention of knowledge of BLS in students of the first semester of the medical course using teaching methods of dialogic expository class (group 1), expository and demonstrative class (group 2), and the two previous methodologies associated with simulated practice (group 3), and after 3 months, memory retention.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was an experimental, prospective, randomized study. Participants were assessed in terms of performance in theoretical and simulated practical tests, satisfaction with training (Likert scale), and knowledge retention.

RESULTS:
The practical test results were analyzed by two experienced observers. Students had 20% progression in knowledge and 80% retention of knowledge after 3 months of exposure comparing the theoretical pre- and posttest. The students in group 3 performed better than the others (P = 0.007) in the posttest. With the simulated practice, the knowledge acquired was maintained after 3 months with a mean performance of 90%, but in the test of the infant age group, there was a loss of learning retention by 10%. There was no difference of the results between the two evaluators (P < 0.001). The training was positively assessed by the participants.

CONCLUSION:
The use of different methodologies promoted knowledge progression, with emphasis on simulated practice. Learning retention was maintained after 3 months. In order to teach BLS to infants, it may be necessary to improve teaching techniques.
Factors influencing quality of life among the elderly: An approach using logistic regression
Authors: Ahmadi Maryam , Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi , Nopour Raoof , Shanbehzadeh Mostafa 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Improving the physical, psychological, and social factors in the elderly significantly increases the QoL1 among them. This study aims to identify the crucial factors for predicting QoL among the elderly using statistical methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this study, 980 samples related to the elderly with favorable and unfavorable QoL were investigated. The elderly's QoL was investigated using a qualitative and self-assessment questionnaire that measured the QoL among them by five Likert spectrum and independent factors. The Chi-square test and eta coefficient were used to determine the relationship between each predicting factor of the elderly's QoL in SPSS V 25 software. Finally, we used the Enter and Forward LR methods to determine the correlation of influential factors in the presence of other variables.

RESULTS:
The study showed that 20 variables gained a significant relationship with the quality of life of the elderly at P < 0.05. The study results showed that the degree of dependence (P = 0.03), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.03), formal and informal social relationships (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02), ability to play an emotional role (P = 0.03), physical performance (P = 0.01), heart diseases and arterial blood pressure (P = 0.02), and cancer (P = 0.01) have favorable predictive power in predicting the QoL among the elderly.

CONCLUSION:
Attempts to identify and modify the important factors affecting the elderly's QoL have a significant role in improving the QoL and life satisfaction in this age group people. This study showed that the statistical methods have a pleasant capability to discover the factors associated with the elderly's QoL with high performance in this regard.
Comparative evaluation of periodontal health status of pre and postmenopausal females
Authors: Singh Neha , Verma Santosh Kumar , Sharma Nitesh Kumar , Gupta Vivek , Jha Awanindra Kumar , Priyank Harsh 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Menopause in females is a corporeal stage that gives rise to a number of adaptive changes both at systemic and oral levels, prototypically occurring in the late fourth or fifth decade of life. Though physiological aging affects the oral tissue, the hormonal changes due to menopause also act as a major contributing factor in deteriorating the health of oral tissues. Thus, the main aim of our study was to compare the overall periodontal status and alkaline phosphatase levels in the saliva of females in their pre and postmenopausal ages.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This study was conducted on 200 female subjects coming to the Department of Periodontology at Rajendra Institute of Medical Science for oral prophylaxis. The subjects were arbitrarily selected in the age group ranging from 15 to 70 years and were further divided based on the inclusion criteria. Group A included 100 subjects with age ranging from 15 to 45 years, and group B, 100 subjects with age 54 to 70 years. Signs of periodontitis including clinical attachment loss, furcation involvement, and probing depth and salivary alkaline levels were obtained, evaluated, compared, and analyzed.

RESULTS:
In group A 65% of patients had grade 0 and 28% had grade 1 of clinical attachment level. Similarly in group B, 44% of the total had grade 0 of clinical attachment loss, 38% had grade 1, and 18% were of grade 2. On evaluating grades of furcation involvement, around 45% of the total patients in group A were grade 1 (incipient, pocket formation), while in group B, 51% of the total patients were grade 1. At least 46% in group A and only 20% in group B had no signs of furcation involvement. Salivary alkaline phosphatase levels in pre and postmenopausal patients showed a significant difference between the two groups was obtained.

CONCLUSION:
The study concluded a major difference in the periodontal health of pre and postmenopausal women with many influencing factors apart from menopause itself.