bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of diabetes mellitus severity, treatment regimen and glycaemic control on atrial fibrillation prevalence. A report from the Non-invasive Monitoring for Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (NOMED-AF) prospective cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Gumprecht Jakub , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Sokal Adam , Średniawa Beata , Stokwiszewski Jakub , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Rutkowski Marcin , Grodzicki Tomasz , Kaźmierczak Jarosław , Opolski Grzegorz , Kalarus Zbigniew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the mechanism(s) by which DM affects AF prevalence remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus severity (expressed as its known duration), antihyperglycemic treatment regimen and glycaemic control on AF prevalence.

Methods:

From the representative sample of 3014 participants (mean age 77.5, 49.1% female) from the cross-sectional NOMED-AF study, 881 participants (mean age 77.6 ± 0.25, 46.4% female) with concomitant DM were involved in the analysis. AF was screened using a telemonitoring vest for a mean of 21.9 ± 9.1 days.

Results:

The mean DM duration was 12 ± 0.35 years, but no significant impact of DM timespan on AF prevalence was observed. No differences in the treatment pattern (oral medication vs insulin vs both oral + insulin) among the study population with and without AF were shown (p = 0.106). Metabolic control reflected by HbA1c levels showed no significant association with AF and silent AF prevalence (p = 0.635; p = 0.094). On multivariate analyses, age (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.35, 95%CI: 1.18-1.53, p<0.001), p=0.042), body mass index (BMI; OR 1.043, 95%CI: 1.01-1.08, p=0.027) and LDL<100 mg/dl (OR 0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.97, p=0.037) were independent risk factors for AF prevalence, while age (OR 1.45, 95%CI: 1.20-1.75, p<0.001), LDL<100 mg/dl (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.23-0.82, p=0.011), use of statins (OR 0.51, 95%CI: 0.28-0.94, p=0.031) and HbA1c ≤6.5 (OR 0.46, 95%CI: 0.25-0.85, p=0.013) were associated with silent AF prevalence.

Conclusions:

Diabetes duration, diabetic treatment pattern or metabolic control per se did not significantly impact the prevalence of AF, including silent AF detected by prospective continuous monitoring. Independent predictors of AF were age, BMI and low LDL levels, with statins and HbA1c ≤6.5 being additional independent predictors for silent AF.
Trial registration: NCT03243474
Repeatability of a surface electromyography (EMG) protocol for the analysis of the Masseter and anterior Temporalis muscles during maximum clenching
Authors: Saracutu Ovidiu Ionut , Pollis Matteo , Cagidiaco Edoardo Ferrari , Ferrari Marco , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives

The aim of this study is to assess the repeatability of a surface electromyographic (EMG) device designed for the analysis of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles.

Materials and Methods

30 TMD-free healthy individuals (20 females and 10 males; mean age 44 years, range 16–60 years) took part in the study and underwent three sessions of EMG recordings. Each trial consisted of two distinct recordings: i) the patient is asked to clench with maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), with two cotton rolls interposed between the dental arches; ii) the patient is asked to repeat the same clenching activity without the cotton rolls. The signal from the four electromyographic probes provides six indices based on the differences between the test on cotton rolls and on dentition. Recording trials were performed at five minutes intervals, with the patient sitting upright in a chair and without detaching the electrodes between trials.

Results

The Global Index, which comprehends the main parameter measured by the EMG, resulted to be the most reliable value. The POC MM and IMPACT indices showed weak-to-medium correlation levels between the three trials.

Conclusions

The investigation provided data on the correlation levels between different recording trials performed with a chairside EMG device. Findings showed a very wide range of correlation values for the various indices proposed by the manufacturer.

Clinical Relevance

The clinical usefulness of the applied protocol remains questionable. Further studies should test the repeatability of EMG findings gathered with this device under various circumstances, in a more heterogeneous population.
SiN waveguides for ultra-broadband visible-telecom photon pairs
Authors: . Vijay , Sharma Shivani , Venkataraman Vivek , Ghosh Joyee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Broadband frequency-correlated photon-pair sources could enable the realization of various quantum information technologies especially WDM-QKD (wavelength division multiplexed quantum key distribution) accommodating multiple users with enhanced data transmission rates. The wide transparency window, negligible nonlinear losses, and con- siderable refractive index contrast of silicon nitride (SiN) on insulator (SiO2) platform makes it an ideal material system for designing CMOS- compatible integrated photon sources based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM). We propose simple rectangular cross-section, few- cm long SiN waveguide designs capable of generating ultra-broadband frequency-correlated photon pairs via SFWM, exceeding an octave in bandwidth spanning the visible-to-telecom wavelengths (∼700-1700nm for ∼1-μm pump) with a spectral brightness of >2.5×104 photon pairs/s/nm/mW2. Such compact sources, spanning the entire telecom spectrum (across O, E, S, C, L, and U bands) on one side and cover- ing most of the major atomic transitions used in ultracold gases and solid-state based quantum memories on the other side, could poten- tially be employed in large-scale multi channel hybrid (free space + fiber) quantum networking schemes in addition to the heralding of telecom single photons by utilizing high efficiency visible detectors.
Medusomyces gisevii L.: cultivation, composition, and application
Authors: Flyurik Elena , Ermakova Olga 
Published: January 2023

Tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii L.) is a natural symbiotic consortium of yeast-like fungi and bacteria. Scientific literature provides a lot of information about the consortium, but it is largely fragmentary. We aimed to review and systematize the information on the research topic.
We studied scientific publications, conference proceedings, intellectual property, regulatory documents, and Internet resources on the M. gisevii consortium using Scopus, Web of Science, e.LIBRARY.RU, and Google Academy. The methods applied included registration, grouping, classification, comparative analysis, and generalization.
We described the origin and composition of tea fungus, specifying the microorganisms that make up its symbiotic community depending on the place of origin. Then, we reviewed the stages of fermentation and cultivation conditions in various nutrient media and presented the composition of the culture liquid. Finally, we analyzed the antimicrobial effect of M. gisevii on a number of microorganisms and delineated some practical uses of the fungus.
The data presented in this article can be used to analyze or develop new methods for the cultivation and application of M. gisevii. We specified some possibilities for using not only the culture liquid but also the fruit body of the fungus in various industries.
A Machine Learning Approach to Support Urgent Stroke Triage Using Administrative Data and Social Determinants of Health at Hospital Presentation: Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Min , Tan Xuan , Padman Rema 
Published: January 2023

Background
The key to effective stroke management is timely diagnosis and triage. Machine learning (ML) methods developed to assist in detecting stroke have focused on interpreting detailed clinical data such as clinical notes and diagnostic imaging results. However, such information may not be readily available when patients are initially triaged, particularly in rural and underserved communities.

Objective
This study aimed to develop an ML stroke prediction algorithm based on data widely available at the time of patients’ hospital presentations and assess the added value of social determinants of health (SDoH) in stroke prediction.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of the emergency department and hospitalization records from 2012 to 2014 from all the acute care hospitals in the state of Florida, merged with the SDoH data from the American Community Survey. A case-control design was adopted to construct stroke and stroke mimic cohorts. We compared the algorithm performance and feature importance measures of the ML models (ie, gradient boosting machine and random forest) with those of the logistic regression model based on 3 sets of predictors. To provide insights into the prediction and ultimately assist care providers in decision-making, we used TreeSHAP for tree-based ML models to explain the stroke prediction.

Results
Our analysis included 143,203 hospital visits of unique patients, and it was confirmed based on the principal diagnosis at discharge that 73% (n=104,662) of these patients had a stroke. The approach proposed in this study has high sensitivity and is particularly effective at reducing the misdiagnosis of dangerous stroke chameleons (false-negative rate <4%). ML classifiers consistently outperformed the benchmark logistic regression in all 3 input combinations. We found significant consistency across the models in the features that explain their performance. The most important features are age, the number of chronic conditions on admission, and primary payer (eg, Medicare or private insurance). Although both the individual- and community-level SDoH features helped improve the predictive performance of the models, the inclusion of the individual-level SDoH features led to a much larger improvement (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.694 to 0.823) than the inclusion of the community-level SDoH features (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.823 to 0.829).

Conclusions
Using data widely available at the time of patients’ hospital presentations, we developed a stroke prediction model with high sensitivity and reasonable specificity. The prediction algorithm uses variables that are routinely collected by providers and payers and might be useful in underresourced hospitals with limited availability of sensitive diagnostic tools or incomplete data-gathering capabilities.
The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Resource Allocation Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review
Authors: Wu Hao , Lu Xiaoyu , Wang Hanyu 
Published: January 2023

Background
Imbalanced health care resource distribution has been central to unequal health outcomes and political tension around the world. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for facilitating resource distribution, especially during emergencies. However, no comprehensive review exists on the use and ethics of AI in health care resource distribution.

Objective
This study aims to conduct a scoping review of the application of AI in health care resource distribution, and explore the ethical and political issues in such situations.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from inception to February 2022. The review included qualitative and quantitative studies investigating the application of AI in health care resource allocation.

Results
The review involved 22 articles, including 9 on model development and 13 on theoretical discussions, qualitative studies, or review studies. Of the 9 on model development and validation, 5 were conducted in emerging economies, 3 in developed countries, and 1 in a global context. In terms of content, 4 focused on resource distribution at the health system level and 5 focused on resource allocation at the hospital level. Of the 13 qualitative studies, 8 were discussions on the COVID-19 pandemic and the rest were on hospital resources, outbreaks, screening, human resources, and digitalization.

Conclusions
This scoping review synthesized evidence on AI in health resource distribution, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that the application of AI has the potential to improve efficacy in resource distribution, especially during emergencies. Efficient data sharing and collecting structures are needed to make reliable and evidence-based decisions. Health inequality, distributive justice, and transparency must be considered when deploying AI models in real-world situations.
Association of Depression With Precautionary Behavior Compliance, COVID-19 Fear, and Health Behaviors in South Korea: National Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shin Hyerine , Kim Ji-Su , Lee HyunHae 
Published: January 2023

Background
As of January 2022, the number of people infected with COVID-19 worldwide has exceeded 350 million. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, people are affected in a wide range of areas of life, which in turn causes numerous psychological problems. Depression is a serious problem for people who have suffered from COVID-19. Depression can worsen COVID-19 precautionary behavior compliance or the health behavior itself. In addition, these depressive symptoms may have different characteristics depending on the individual’s gender.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine whether depression is a factor that may affect COVID-19 fear, precautionary behavior compliance, and health behavior, and how these characteristic trends differ by gender.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of data from the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS), a national cross-sectional survey conducted with complex sampling analysis. In 2020, the KCHS included COVID-19–related questions. For this study, we used the KCHS data from both the COVID-19–related questions and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale. After weighting the data according to the KCHS guidelines, we calculated the distribution of men and women according to depression level. The data were collected using multiple-choice questions related to precautionary behavior compliance, COVID-19–related fears, and health behavior changes.

Results
Of the 204,787 participants, those who were clinically depressed had a greater tendency to not comply with precautionary behaviors. Regarding COVID-19, “fear” showed a decreasing trend in both men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.83) and women (AOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63-0.86) with clinically relevant depression. Moreover, for both men and women, health behaviors deteriorated as depression intensified; the AOR for sleep duration changes was 2.28 (95% CI 2.00-2.59) in men and was 2.15 (95% CI 1.96-2.36) in women. Notably, the responses of clinically depressed women revealed a doubled increase in both their drinking (AOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.88-2.70) and smoking (AOR 2.71, 95% CI 1.95-3.77) habits compared with those of nondepressed women.

Conclusions
Both men and women with more severe depression were more likely to violate precautionary health behaviors as their depression worsened. Health behaviors also deteriorated for both genders, but women tended to show a greater change. Therefore, additional studies and interventions for vulnerable groups such as severely depressed people are needed. More research is also necessary to develop interventions based on statistical comparisons of men and women.
Editorial
Authors: Uscanga Barradas Abril 
Published: January 2023

Todos y todas somos parte de una sociedad dinámica y diversa, es decir, que está en un constante cambio, progresando, y que al mismo tiempo realiza avances en diferentes ámbitos y de diferentes maneras.
La Revista del Posgrado en Derecho de la UNAM se ha caracterizado por ser un espacio de difusión de ideas e investigaciones, siempre de vanguardia pues sus autores, reconocidos académicos del Derecho, desde diferentes ramas y perspectivas han estudiado al Derecho en sus variadas manifestaciones: teorías, leyes o casos específicos, llegando a crear sus propias propuestas.
Así, en este edición de la Revista se continua con esta labor que se ha venido realizando desde hace años, siempre trabajando por la calidad y la periodicidad.
Este número resulta ser trascendente por muchas razones, en principio por constar de dos tomos, pues contiene 20 trabajos producto de la pluma y pensamiento de distinguidos académicos y académicas, que con sus aportaciones han enriquecido invaluablemente a esta Revista, lo que también reitera el progresivo crecimiento de esta y el aumento de interés de los académicos para acercarse a la misma, conocerla y publicar; a todos ustedes les agradecemos por su confianza. Sin más preámbulos, me permito presentar cada uno de los artículos que integran este número.
Declaracion sobre Principios y presupuestos que rigen los contratos pendientes de ejecución en el concurso mercantil mexicano
Authors: Dávalos Torres Susana 
Published: January 2023

Los contratos pendientes de ejecución están regulados por la Ley de Concursos Mercantiles mexicana en unoscuantos artículos; no obstante, se requiere de un análisis no solo de sus características sino también de los principios concursales que les son aplicables dada su complejidad para determinar qué son y cuál es su tratamiento.En la Ley de Concursos Mercantiles se introdujeron una serie de novedades frente a lo que anteriormente disponía la Ley de Quiebras y Suspensión de Pagos. Estos cambios y la falta de claridad de sus disposiciones, se ha traducido en una pluralidad de interpretaciones doctrinales de lo que significan los principios que rigen al concurso mercantil y de lo que es un contrato pendiente de ejecución. El resultado es incertidumbre jurídica, pues, dependiendo de la interpretación de los principios y de lo que es o no es un contrato pendiente de ejecución son las consecuencias jurídicas para el deudor y su contraparte en un contrato.
Este estudio tiene como finalidad abrir la discusión sobre los principios que rigen los contratos pendientes de ejecución y sus características, y así contribuir al estudio del tratamiento de estos estos contratos para buscando la mejor aplicación de las normas relativas a este tema.
The prevalence of drug resistance to antiretroviral therapy in the Republic of Mordovia
Authors: Laseeva M. G. , Vlasova T. I. , Dvoretskova S. Y. 
Published: January 2023

Objective. To study the causes of virological inefficiency of ART and to analyze the prevalence of mutations of resistance to ART drugs among HIV-infected patients, who lives in the Republic of Mordovia and receiving ART.Materials and methods. We studied 37 blood tests with detectable viral load from HIV-infected patients receiving observation in the GBUZ RM «MRTSPBSPID», taking ART for more than 24 weeks. We The evaluated patient’s adherence to treatment. The analysis for drug resistance was performed by genotyping, using HIV-Resist-Seg diagnostic test systems, (the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Central Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia). Statistical data processing (c2 calculation) StatSoft, Inc. (2011), STATISTICA, Russia.Results and discussion: in the group of patients with mutations of resistance to antiretroviral drugs, mutations of pharmacological resistance to drugs of two and three groups are most often determined (in 87.5% of cases). The number and frequency of genetic aberrations in general did not depend on the number of already approved treatment regimens. At the same time, in patients with two or more changes of ART regimens in the anamnesis, the occurrence of mutations of drug resistance to IP was significantly higher than in HIV-infected patients with one ART regimen.Conclusion: in the Republic of Mordovia, virological inefficiency is associated equally with both a violation of ART intake (poor adherence) and the development of pharmacoresistance. It is important to determine the drug resistance of HIV in patients receiving ART.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Novel U500 Insulin Aspart Formulation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Svehlikova Eva , Ashcroft Nicole L. , Gatschelhofer Christina , Gerring David , Höller Vera , Jezek Jan , Lackner Bettina , Lawrence Fiona , Pillai Vijay , Ratzer Maria , Urschitz Martina , Wolf Michael , Pieber Thomas R. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of a novel U500 insulin aspart formulation (AT278 U500) compared with insulin aspart (IAsp U100).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis single-center, randomized, double-blind study was conducted in 38 men with type 1 diabetes (body weight ≤100 kg and total insulin dose &lt;1.2 units/kg/day). Participants received a single dose of either AT278 U500 or IAsp U100 (0.3 units/kg s.c.) in a crossover design, followed by an 8-h euglycemic clamp in the absence of basal insulin.RESULTSWith AT278 U500, onset of appearance in serum was 6 min earlier (P &lt; 0.0001) and reached 50% of maximum concentration 23 min faster (P &lt; 0.0001). Insulin exposure with AT278 U500 was 4.0-fold higher within the first 30 min (95% CI 3.29, 4.90), 1.5-fold higher within the first 60 min (95% CI 1.35, 1.76), and statistically superior up to 90 min postdose (P &lt; 0.05). With AT278 U500, onset of action was 10 min earlier (P &lt; 0.0001) and reached 50% of maximum glucose infusion rate 20 min faster (P &lt; 0.0001). The glucose-lowering effect with AT278 U500 was 8.9-fold higher within the first 30 min (95% CI 5.96, 17.46), 2.4-fold higher within the first 60 min (95% CI 1.92, 3.22), and statistically superior up to 2 h postdose (P &lt; 0.0001). Overall insulin exposure and glucose-lowering effect were comparable. No significant safety findings were observed.CONCLUSIONSAT278 U500 offers rapid-acting characteristics in a reduced dose volume, with accelerated absorption and onset of action compared with IAsp U100 in the studied population.
Kunskapsöverföring i det självständiga arbetet
Authors: Wendt Maria 
Published: January 2023

Artikelns syfte är att få ökade insikter om vad som kan hindra, och vad som kan underlätta för, studenter att överföra tidigare förvärvade kunskaper och förmågor rörandeteori och metodtill det egna uppsatsarbetet. Det mer generella problemet handlar om det som i pedagogisk forskning benämns ”transfer of learning”, d.v.s. förmågan att överföra kunskaper mellan olika kontexter. En övergripande tanke är att en fördjupad förståelse av överföringsproblem är viktig för att utforma lärandeaktiviteter som möjliggör för studenter att använda tidigare kunskaper och som därmed kan förbättra förutsättningarna för dem att skriva uppsatser med hög vetenskaplig kvalitet. I undersökningen följs en grupp studenter som skriver kandidatuppsats i statsvetenskap. Det empiriska materialet består av intervjuer samt av deltagande observation vid undervisnings-och handledningstillfällen. I analysen identifieras tre olika typer av överföringsproblem som relateras till lärandeinnehållets form, innehåll och begrepp. Utifrån resultaten diskuteras även hur pedagogiska arbetssätt som gynnar kunskapsöverföring kan utvecklas.