bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic screening for low bone density using abdominopelvic computed tomography scans
Authors: Tariq Amara , Patel Bhavik N. , Sensakovic William F. , Fahrenholtz Samuel J. , Banerjee Imon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile low bone density is a major burden on US health system, current osteoporosis screening guidelines by the US Preventive Services Task Force are limited to women aged ≥65 and all postmenopausal women with certain risk factors. Even within recommended screening groups, actual screening rates are low (<26%) and vary across socioeconomic groups. The proposed model can opportunistically screen patients using abdominal CT studies for low bone density who may otherwise go undiagnosed.PurposeTo develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for opportunistic screening of low bone density using both contrast and non‐contrast abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) exams, for the purpose of referral to traditional bone health management, which typically begins with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA).MethodsWe collected 6083 contrast‐enhanced CT imaging exams paired with DXA exams within ±6 months documented between May 2015 and August 2021 in a single institution with four major healthcare practice regions. Our fusion AI pipeline receives the coronal and axial plane images of a contrast enhanced abdominopelvic CT exam and basic patient demographics (age, gender, body cross section lengths) to predict risk of low bone mass. The models were trained on lumbar spine T‐scores from DXA exams and tested on multi‐site imaging exams. The model was again tested in a prospective group (N = 344) contrast‐enhanced and non‐contrast‐enhanced studies.ResultsThe models were evaluated on the same test set (1208 exams)—(1) Baseline model using demographic factors from electronic medical records (EMR) ‐ 0.7 area under the curve of receiver operator characteristic (AUROC); Imaging based models: (2) axial view ‐ 0.83 AUROC; (3) coronal view‐ 0.83 AUROC; (4) Fusion model—Imaging + demographic factors ‐ 0.86 AUROC. The prospective test yielded one missed positive DXA case with a hip prosthesis among 23 positive contrast‐enhanced CT exams and 0% false positive rate for non‐contrast studies. Both positive cases among non‐contrast enhanced CT exams were successfully detected. While only about 8% patients from prospective study received a DXA exam within 2 years, about 30% were detected with low bone mass by the fusion model, highlighting the need for opportunistic screening.ConclusionsThe fusion model, which combines two planes of CT images and EMRs data, outperformed individual models and provided a high, robust diagnostic performance for opportunistic screening of low bone density using contrast and non‐contrast CT exams. This model could potentially improve bone health risk assessment with no additional cost. The model's handling of metal implants is an ongoing effort.
Feature‐guided attention network for medical image segmentation
Authors: Zhou Hao , Sun Chaoyu , Huang Hai , Fan Mingyu , Yang Xu , Zhou Linxiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundU‐Net and its variations have achieved remarkable performances in medical image segmentation. However, they have two limitations. First, the shallow layer feature of the encoder always contains background noise. Second, semantic gaps exist between the features of the encoder and the decoder. Skip‐connections directly connect the encoder to the decoder, which will lead to the fusion of semantically dissimilar feature maps.PurposeTo overcome these two limitations, this paper proposes a novel medical image segmentation algorithm, called feature‐guided attention network, which consists of U‐Net, the cross‐level attention filtering module (CAFM), and the attention‐guided upsampling module (AUM).MethodsIn the proposed method, the AUM and the CAFM were introduced into the U‐Net, where the AUM learns to filter the background noise in the low‐level feature map of the encoder and the CAFM tries to eliminate the semantic gap between the encoder and the decoder. Specifically, the AUM adopts a top‐down pathway to use the high‐level feature map so as to filter the background noise in the low‐level feature map of the encoder. The AUM uses the encoder features to guide the upsampling of the corresponding decoder features, thus eliminating the semantic gap between them. Four medical image segmentation tasks, including coronary atherosclerotic plaque segmentation (Dataset A), retinal vessel segmentation (Dataset B), skin lesion segmentation (Dataset C), and multiclass retinal edema lesions segmentation (Dataset D), were used to validate the proposed method.ResultsFor Dataset A, the proposed method achieved higher Intersection over Union (IoU) (), dice (), accuracy (), and sensitivity () than the previous best method: CA‐Net. For Dataset B, the proposed method achieved higher sensitivity (83.50%) and accuracy (97.55%) than the previous best method: SCS‐Net. For Dataset C, the proposed method had highest IoU () and dice () than those of all compared previous methods. For Dataset D, the proposed method had highest dice (average: 81.53%; retina edema area [REA]: 83.78%; pigment epithelial detachment [PED] 77.13%), sensitivity (REA: 89.01%; SRF: 85.50%), specificity (REA: 99.35%; PED: 100.00), and accuracy (98.73%) among all compared previous networks. In addition, the number of parameters of the proposed method was 2.43 M, which is less than CA‐Net (3.21 M) and CPF‐Net (3.07 M).ConclusionsThe proposed method demonstrated state‐of‐the‐art performance, outperforming other top‐notch medical image segmentation algorithms. The CAFM filtered the background noise in the low‐level feature map of the encoder, while the AUM eliminated the semantic gap between the encoder and the decoder. Furthermore, the proposed method was of high computational efficiency.
A practice‐based nursing emergency management system model for public health emergencies: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Ruixue , You Congyu , Wang Lei , Jiang Yan , He Lingxiao , Wang Cong , Chen Fengjiao , Huang Yujia , Han Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to explore nursing emergency management system under public health emergencies.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted during March–November 2020 with 11 nursing emergency management administrators from 11 COVID‐19 designated hospitals and infectious disease hospitals under four administrative divisions in China, who were recruited through convenience and purposive sampling. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed with Braun and Clarke's inductive thematic analysis. The study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.ResultsThree main themes emerged from data analysis: (1) Five core elements of nursing emergency management system: Structure, Staff, System, Setting, and Supply (5S); (2) Four phases of nursing emergency management system: Reduction, Readiness, Response and Recovery (4R); and (3) operational process of nursing emergency management system (5S*4R). The findings generated a conceptual model of a nursing emergency management system.Public ContributionThis study provides a theoretical basis for nursing emergency management system for public health emergencies in the future. Nurse administrators could refer to this model to either review or develop their system and develop viable interventions to prepare for future public health emergencies.
Prevalence of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency and Hearing Device Use in Children With Single‐Sided Deafness
Authors: Ward Kristina M. , Coughran Alanna J. , Lee Monterosa , Fitzgerald Matthew B. , Cheng Alan G. , Chang Kay W. , Ahmad Iram N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) in a cohort of pediatric patients with single‐sided deafness (SSD). A secondary objective was to investigate trends in intervention and hearing device use in these children.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingPediatric tertiary care center.MethodsChildren ages 0 to 21 years with SSD (N = 190) who underwent computerized tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. Diagnostic criteria for SSD included unilateral severe‐to‐profound sensorineural hearing loss with normal hearing sensitivity in the contralateral ear. Diagnostic criteria for CND included neuroradiologist report of an “aplastic or hypoplastic nerve” on MRI or a “stenotic cochlear aperture” on CT.ResultsThe prevalence of CND was 42% for children with CT only, 76% for children with MRI only, and 63% for children with both MRI and CT. Of the children with MRI and CT, there was a 90% concordance across imaging modalities. About 36% of children with SSD had hearing devices that routed sound to the normal hearing ear (ie, bone conduction hearing device/contralateral routing of signal), while only 3% received a cochlear implant. Approximately 40% did not have a hearing device. Hearing device wear time averaged 2.9 hours per day and did not differ based on cochlear nerve status.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of CND in children with SSD. Cochlear nerve status should be confirmed via MRI in children with SSD. The limited implementation and use of hearing devices observed for children with SSD reinforce the need for increased support for early and continuous intervention.
Perception and appreciation of plant biodiversity among experts and laypeople
Authors: Breitschopf Eva , Bråthen Kari Anne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Plant biodiversity, which is fundamental for the delivery of ecosystem services, is in decline. Yet, knowledge about how plant biodiversity is perceived and appreciated is scarce.

We studied biologists' and laypeople's perception and appreciation for plant communities that differ in plant biodiversity, using ranges of plant biodiversity known to affect ecosystem services. We investigate species richness, species turnover and species evenness. A questionnaire based on photographs displaying artificial plant communities was used.

Perceived biodiversity was 12% more often congruent with actual biodiversity for biologists than for laypeople. Species richness was perceived congruently with actual species richness by 77% of all respondents, compared with 27% for species evenness and 29% for species turnover. Appreciation for the displayed communities correlated positively with their actual plant biodiversity, except for species turnover. Appreciation always correlated positively with perceived plant biodiversity and even stronger than with actual plant biodiversity. This was not the case for species richness, for which perceived and actual biodiversity were most often congruent.

Our results suggest that plant biodiversity is perceived most accurately when changes in species richness are considered, while changes in species evenness and species turnover are perceived less accurately. The respondents' answers indicate that perceived higher plant biodiversity is appreciated more than perceived lower plant biodiversity, even when perceived and actual plant biodiversity are not congruent.

We corroborate findings that people value plant biodiversity per se. But we also find that people largely perceive species evenness and turnover with low accuracy; and that people have low appreciation for these biodiversity dimensions that are lesser known but essential to ecosystem functioning. Our finding that biologists have higher accuracy in perceiving biodiversity suggests that biodiversity literacy is key to increasing people's awareness of changes in plant biodiversity.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Testing the nonclinical Comprehensive In Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) paradigm with an established anti‐seizure medication: Levetiracetam case study
Authors: Delaunois Annie , Mathy François‐Xavier , Cornet Miranda , Gryshkova Vitalina , Korlowski Chloé , Bonfitto François , Koch Juliane , Schlit Anne‐Françoise , Hebeisen Simon , Passini Elisa , Rodriguez Blanca , Valentin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLevetiracetam (LEV), a well‐established anti‐seizure medication (ASM), was launched before the original ICH S7B nonclinical guidance assessing QT prolongation potential and the introduction of the Comprehensive In Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) paradigm. No information was available on its effects on cardiac channels. The goal of this work was to “pressure test” the CiPA approach with LEV and check the concordance of nonclinical core and follow‐up S7B assays with clinical and post‐marketing data. The following experiments were conducted with LEV (0.25–7.5 mM): patch clamp assays on hERG (acute or trafficking effects), NaV1.5, CaV1.2, Kir2.1, KV7.1/mink, KV1.5, KV4.3, and HCN4; in silico electrophysiology modeling (Virtual Assay® software) in control, large‐variability, and high‐risk human ventricular cell populations; electrophysiology measurements in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes and dog Purkinje fibers; ECG measurements in conscious telemetered dogs after single oral administration (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg). Except a slight inhibition (<10%) of hERG and KV7.1/mink at 7.5 mM, that is, 30‐fold the free therapeutic plasma concentration (FTPC) at 1500 mg, LEV did not affect any other cardiac channels or hERG trafficking. In both virtual and real human cardiomyocytes, and in dog Purkinje fibers, LEV induced no relevant changes in electrophysiological parameters or arrhythmia. No QTc prolongation was noted up to 2.7 mM unbound plasma levels in conscious dogs, corresponding to 10‐fold the FTPC. Nonclinical assessment integrating CiPA assays shows the absence of QT prolongation and proarrhythmic risk of LEV up to at least 10‐fold the FTPC and the good concordance with clinical and postmarketing data, although this does not exclude very rare occurrence of QT prolongation cases in patients with underlying risk factors.
Lethal, transmission, behavioral, and physiological effects of Metarhizium anisopliae against gregarious larvae of Heortia vitessoides and synergistic effects between Metarhizium anisopliae and insecticides
Authors: Qian Chenyu , Ma Tao , Qiu Hualong , Lyu Hailong , Liang Shiping , Shao Yuhe , Yuan Pengyu , Shen Liming , Wen Xiujun , Wang Cai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeortia vitessoides Moore is a severe pest of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, an important source of agarwood. In recent years, large amounts of chemical insecticides have been applied in A. sinensis plantations to deal with the outbreak of H. vitessoides, causing residue problems that reduce the quality and price of agarwood. Herein, we hypothesize that the widely applied biocontrol agent, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin, can effectively kill the gregarious larvae of H. vitessoides through direct contact and horizontal transmission.RESULTSAt the concentration of 1 × 109 conidia/mL, the three M. anisopliae strains caused 100% mortality of H. vitessoides larvae. In addition, mixing donor larvae (previously treated with M. anisopliae conidia) with receptor larvae (which did not directly contact M. anisopliae conidia) caused significantly higher mortality of receptor larvae than the control receptors. This is due to the horizontal transmission of M. anisopliae conidia among live larvae, which was proven by pictures taken by scanning electron microscopy and induced activities of immunity‐related enzymes of donor and receptor larvae. Behavioral bioassays showed that M. anisopliae conidia had little effect on the aggregation tendency of H. vitessoides larvae but may trigger feeding‐avoidance behavior depending on M. anisopliae strains and concentrations. Interestingly, joint use of sublethal concentrations of M. anisopliae and chemical insecticides significantly increased larval mortality than each agent alone, indicating synergistic effects between M. anisopliae and insecticide against H. vitessoides.CONCLUSIONThis study may provide a new strategy to suppress H. vitessoides population and reduce the use of chemical insecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Detecting and predicting countermeasures against clickjacking
Authors: Aryaman  , Naik Nenavath Srinivas , Vollala Satyanarayana , Amin Ruhul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClickjacking is a fast‐growing threat for users online. Here, an attacker program shows a user‐interface (UI) which is entirely out of context, by concealing a very sensitive UI element and rendering it in such a way that it is not visible (transparent) to the end user. The user is then tricked into clicking on the hidden element. By exploiting cameras and publishing unwanted messages, these attacks have the potential to do significant harm. Many websites still lack server‐side minimum security (eg, X‐Frame‐Options header, Content‐Security‐Policy Header, etc) and are hence susceptible to clickjacking. Additionally, client‐side defense methods fare poorly and are ineffective against advanced clickjacking attack types. This paper focuses on dealing with the detection of a possibility of a website being clickjacked. It also predicts the Level of Security of a website against a clickjacking attack and the possible security countermeasures that could be taken to avoid a clickjacking attack on the website. Testing this approach on various websites has proved effective in detecting whether or not a website is vulnerable to clickjacking.
Shear strengthening of precast prestressed I‐girders using carbon fiber reinforced polymers and in‐fill concrete blocks
Authors: Yaqub Muhammad Arslan , Czaderski Christoph , Matthys Stijn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to the rapid increase in traffic volumes, existing infrastructure demands proper assessment and in some cases rehabilitation is needed. Prestressed concrete (PC) I‐shaped girders are widely used in prefabricated girder bridges. With sequel generations of shear design provisions their shear capacity might need to be increased in the framework of assessing safety of aging bridges. Earlier attempts in shear strengthening this specific type of girder with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) has shown early debonding along the concrete surface at the web‐flange corner so that the increase in shear strength was very limited. This study presents the results of full scale PC I‐girders strengthened with CFRP through epoxy bonded concrete in‐fill blocks that locally transforms the I‐section to a rectangular section at the position of CFRP strips. This transformation eliminated the early debonding of CFRP shear reinforcement and for the studied configurations a 30%–40% increase in shear capacity was obtained with respect to the unstrengthened control specimen, without and with additional CFRP spike anchors, respectively. In comparison, similar configurations without in‐fill blocks reached 5% and 12% increase in shear capacity, respectively. As such, the use of in‐fill blocks appeared more effective than local anchorage of the CFRP at the web‐flange corner. Analytical verification of the experimental results confirmed that existing formulations lack ability to predict the shear capacity of strengthened I‐girders, and further work is needed in this respect.
Abnormal [18F]NIFENE binding in transgenic 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: In vivo PET/CT imaging studies of α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors and in vitro correlations with Aβ plaques
Authors: Liang Christopher , Nguyen Grace A. , Danh Tram B. , Sandhu Anoopraj K. , Melkonyan Lusine L. , Syed Amina U. , Mukherjee Jogeshwar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince cholinergic dysfunction has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the effects of Aβ plaques on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) α4β2* subtype were studied using the transgenic 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Using the PET radiotracer [18F]nifene for α4β2* nAChRs, in vitro autoradiography and in vivo PET/CT studies in 5xFAD mice were carried out and compared with wild‐type (C57BL/6) mice. Ratios of [18F]nifene binding in brain regions versus cerebellum (CB) in 5xFAD mice brains were for thalamus (TH) = 17, hippocampus‐subiculum = 7, frontal cortex (FC) = 5.5, and striatum = 4.7. [125I]IBETA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 5xFAD brain slices confirmed Aβ plaques. Nicotine and acetylcholine displaced [18F]nifene in 5xFAD mice (IC50 nicotine = 31–73 nM; ACh = 38–83 nM) and C57BL/6 (IC50 nicotine = 16–18 nM; ACh = 34–55 nM). Average [18F]nifene SUVR (CB as reference) in 5xFAD mice was significantly higher in FC = 3.04 compared to C57BL/6 mice FC = 1.92 (p = .001), whereas TH difference between 5xFAD mice (SUVR = 2.58) and C57BL/6 mice (SUVR = 2.38) was not significant. Nicotine‐induced dissociation half life (t1/2) of [18F]nifene for TH were 37 min for 5xFAD mice and 26 min for C57BL/6 mice. Dissociation half life for FC in C57BL/6 mice was 77 min , while no dissociation of [18F]nifene occurred in the medial prefrontal cortex (mFC) of 5xFAD mice. Coregistration of [18F]nifene PET with MR suggested that the mPFC, and anterior cingulate (AC) regions exhibited high uptake in 5xFAD mice compared to C57BL/6 mice. Ex vivo [18F]nifene and in vitro [125I]IBETA Aβ plaque autoradiography after in vivo PET/CT scan of 5xFAD mouse brain were moderately correlated (r2 = 0.68). In conclusion, 5xFAD mice showed increased non‐displaceable [18F]nifene binding in mPFC.
Nomenclatural type of the Linnaean name Sibthorpia africana and its synonym Sibthorpia balearica (Plantaginaceae, Sibthorpieae)
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo , Sáez Llorenç 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe nomenclatural type of the Linnaean name Sibthorpia africana (Plantaginaceae, Sibthorpieae) is discussed and revised. An illustration published by Shaw in 1738 is selected as the lectotype of the name. Sibthorpia balearica is another name in this group, published by Knoche in 1922, and treated in this paper as a heterotypic synonym of the Linnaean name. This name had previously been lectotypified by Hedberg in 1955 from a specimen kept at K. This typification is narrowed to a single specimen by a “second‐step” lectotypification.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the oral cavity metastasising to both kidneys in a dog
Authors: Park Kyung Ho , Kim Tae‐Un , Park Hyun‐Woo , Lee Seoung‐Woo , Baek Su‐Min , Noh Daji , Yim Jae‐Hyuk , Lee Young‐Jin , Kim Yeon‐Gyeong , Son Dong‐Ju , Park Sang‐Joon , Choi Seong‐Kyoon , Lee Kija , Park Larry Chong , Park Jin‐Kyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) aresolitary and located in the head and neck region. They may also occur in the visceral parts of the body.ObjectivesHere, we report a case of oral EMP followed by neoplastic plasma cell metastasis to both kidneys in a neutered male Pomeranian.MethodsOral plasmacytoma recurred 11 months aftersurgical removal of an oral mass and partial maxillectomy was performed. Eighteen months after partial maxillectomy, neoplastic masses were detected in both kidneys on computed tomography. The dog died 12 months after detection of bilateral kidney neoplasms. The resected neoplastic masses were routinely processed for histopathological observation and immunohistochemistry against pan‐cytokeratin, desmin, CD3, and MUM‐1.ResultsThe recurred mass mainly consisted of well‐differentiated plasma cells and contained a small portion of aggressive cells with malignant features. Monoclonal gammopathy was not observed on serumelectrophoresis performed to exclude multiple myeloma. The mass was composed of plasma cells with high nuclear pleomorphism and abundant mitotic figures. The neoplasm stained positive for MUM‐1 with a more aggressive morphology than in oral EMP.ConclusionBased on serum biomarker and pathological observations, a diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis of oral‐to‐renal EMP was established. To the best of our knowledge, metastasis of oral EMP into the bilateral kidneys, as described in the current case, has not been previously reported in dogs.