bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a novel millimeter size wireless electrical stimulator and its targeting effect on the Schaffer-CA1 pathway in rat hippocampus
Authors: Dong Lei , Song Lin-Lin , Zhao Tong , Tian Lei , Zheng Yu 
Published: September 2023

Traditional tethered nerve implants have many limitations since they rely on physical wires for power and signal transmission. Wireless stimulation technology can promote the exploration of neurological diseases and meet patient requirements, stemming from its portability and efficiency. In this paper, the link transmission characteristics of a sub-millimeter inductor are investigated by simulation, electrical tests, and theoretical analysis. The inductor acts as the receiving coil of a wireless stimulation device, and the wireless energy transmission process based on magnetic induction coupling is analyzed. Second, a novel millimeter-scale wireless stimulator device for neuromodulation is designed based on the parameters of transmitting and receiving coils obtained from the simulation. Finally, rat electrophysiological experiments are conducted to assess the feasibility of the device. The field Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential baseline is first recorded in the CA1 radiation area for 10 min, followed by the addition of high-frequency stimulation, and after successful induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and recording for 10 min, the two coils are fixed at a distance of 1 cm and the hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 pathway is added. The experimental results show that the addition of wireless stimulation can modulate the transmission of synaptic electrical activity in the hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 pathway and significantly increase the level of (LTP) induction. A millimeter-scale wireless stimulation device is investigated and designed in this paper, the feasibility of the device is demonstrated through ex vivo electrophysiological experiments, and its effects on the targeted modulation of the Schaffer-CA1 pathway in the rat hippocampus are described.
The pre-launch on-ground characterization of Ma_MISS spectrometer for ExoMars-Rosalind Franklin Rover mission. II. Radiometric calibration
Authors: De Angelis S. , De Sanctis M. C. , Altieri F. , Ferrari M. , Ammannito E. , Novi S. , Dami M. , Antonacci F. , Villa F. , Meini M. , Ruggiero F. , Fonte S. , Formisano M. , Frigeri A. , Tinivelli P. , Giardino M. , Mugnuolo R. , Pirrotta S. 
Published: September 2023

The Ma_MISS miniaturized spectrometer is integrated within the Drilling System of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin Rover for Mars exploration. Here we focus on the on ground calibration campaign to obtain radiometric and linearity calibrations of the Ma_MISS instrument, while the first paper dealt with the spectral calibration [De Angelis et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 123704 (2022)]. The experimental setup used to carry out radiometric calibration is described, as are the methods used for data processing and key parameter retrieval. In particular, the Spectrometer Transfer Function (Responsivity), Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and detector linearity are determined. In a third paper [De Sanctis et al., Planet. Sci. J. 3, 142 (2022)], validation of the Ma_MISS calibration results through spectral measurements performed on rock and synthetic targets during the radiometric calibration campaign is described.
Research on pulse laser cleaning and rust removal technology in power systems
Authors: He Yuhang , Cai Xuan , Ye Jianfeng 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, pulse laser cleaning and angle grinder polishing were used to clean the surface rust of carbon steel, and the cleaning effects of different cleaning methods for carbon steel surface rust were studied. The change of the micro-region morphology and element composition of the cleaned surface was analyzed. Comparative experiments were conducted on the corrosion resistance and paint anticorrosion ability of cleaned metal surfaces. Through comparison and analysis, the use of laser cleaning technology can improve the surface cleanliness and corrosion resistance of metals, reduce maintenance times, and extend service life. Laser cleaning machines with a power of 100 W or above can effectively perform precision cleaning and can be widely promoted in the field of power systems.
Ultra-rapid freezing of Al and Al–Si12: Formation of nanocrystals and metastable solid solutions
Authors: Rothe Erhard W. 
Published: September 2023

We report effects of ultra-rapid melt–freeze cycles on pure aluminum and on aluminum alloy 4047 (which contains ≈12 at. % Si) caused by a series of ≈15 ns-long pulses of 308-nm laser light at a fluence of around 3 J cm−2. This process achieves a calculated cooling rate of about 109 K s−1, which is much faster than splat cooling or melt spinning. The focus here is on the reduction in the lattice parameters of the resulting crystals. In pure aluminum, this reduction is caused by the formation of nanocrystals, whose sizes are determined by the magnitude of the change in the lattice parameter. However, for the alloy, previous investigators have also found a comparable reduction in the lattice parameter but attributed it, instead, to the formation of metastable solutions of Si in Al. We find that the effect in the Al–Si alloy is caused by an unknown combination of size and composition dependence, but it is possible that there is no size dependence in the alloy.
Characterizing current noise of commercial constant-current sources by using an optically pumped rubidium atomic magnetometer
Authors: Zhao Ni , Zhang Lulu , Yang Yongbiao , He Jun , Wang Yanhua , Li Tingyu , Wang Junmin 
Published: September 2023

This paper introduces a method for characterizing the current noise of commercial constant-current sources (CCSs) using a free-induction-decay (FID) type optically pumped rubidium atomic magnetometer driven by a radio frequency magnetic field. We convert the sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer into the current noise of CCS by calibrating the coil constant. At the same time, the current noise characteristics of six typical commercial low-noise CCSs are compared. The current noise level of the Keysight model B2961A is the lowest among the six tested CCSs, which is 36.233 ± 0.022 nA/Hz1/2 at 1–25 Hz and 133.905 ± 0.080 nA/Hz1/2 at 1–100 Hz. The sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer is dependent on the current noise level of the CCS. The CCS with low noise is of great significance for high-sensitivity atomic magnetometers. This research provides an important reference for promoting the development of high precision CCS, metrology, and basic physics research.
ChecMatE: A workflow package to automatically generate machine learning potentials and phase diagrams for semiconductor alloys
Authors: Guo Yu-Xin , Zhuang Yong-Bin , Shi Jueli , Cheng Jun 
Published: September 2023

Semiconductor alloy materials are highly versatile due to their adjustable properties; however, exploring their structural space is a challenging task that affects the control of their properties. Traditional methods rely on ad hoc design based on the understanding of known chemistry and crystallography, which have limitations in computational efficiency and search space. In this work, we present ChecMatE (Chemical Material Explorer), a software package that automatically generates machine learning potentials (MLPs) and uses global search algorithms to screen semiconductor alloy materials. Taking advantage of MLPs, ChecMatE enables a more efficient and cost-effective exploration of the structural space of materials and predicts their energy and relative stability with ab initio accuracy. We demonstrate the efficacy of ChecMatE through a case study of the InxGa1−xN system, where it accelerates structural exploration at reduced costs. Our automatic framework offers a promising solution to the challenging task of exploring the structural space of semiconductor alloy materials.
Modulating above-room-temperature magnetism in Ga-implanted Fe5GeTe2 van der Waals magnets
Authors: Yuan Yanan , Liu Daxiang , Yu Jingjing , Zhang Guanhua , Chen Xiang , Liu Ruiqi , Wang Siyu , Pei Fangfang , Wei Long , Li Zhi , Guo Junming , Wang Shouguo , Liao Zhaoliang , Yan Wensheng , Qiu Ziqiang , Yang Mengmeng , Li Qian 
Published: September 2023

The creation of van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets with tunable Curie temperature (TC) and magnetic anisotropy is essential in developing vdW magnet-based devices. Here, we report an effective and reliable method for modulating the magnetic properties of vdW Fe5GeTe2 by site-specific Ga+ implantation. In this study, we report an easy axis in the ab-plane for bulk Fe5GeTe2 (TC = 310 K) and an axis out of the plane for thin Fe5GeTe2 flakes (TC = 290 K). Combining element-resolved photoemission electron microscopy and spatially resolved magneto-optic Kerr microscopy, we find that the implantation of a tiny amount of 10−3 Ga+·Å−3 in Fe5GeTe2 greatly enhances the TC from 290 to 360 K and switches the magnetic easy axis from the out-of-plane c axis to the ab-plane. The room-temperature x-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal is enhanced from 0% to 9% at an implantation level of 10−2 Ga+·Å−3. These results provide new opportunities for tailoring the magnetic properties of vdW materials beyond room temperature.
Introduction to the special issue: nuances of social class and socioeconomic status (Introducción a este monográfico: los matices del concepto de clase social y del nivel socioeconómico)
Authors: Easterbrook Matthew J. , Kuppens Toon , Grigoryan Lusine 
Published: September 2023

The social psychological study of social class and socioeconomic status (SES) has burgeoned in the last 15 years and much progress has been made. Yet, researchers rarely explain their theoretical standpoint, clearly define social class and/or SES or justify their choice of how to measure it. This, we argue, is holding back progress. We suggest that social class should be considered a social category into which we are socialized that affords differing amounts of economic, social and cultural resources, while SES only captures one’s current access to various forms of capital. We briefly review literature that suggests that the meanings, understandings and thus operationalizations of social class and SES vary across groups and contexts. We then give an overview of the special issue, which documents the advances that can be gained from taking a more nuanced and theoretically informed approach to studying social class and SES.
Bifunctional metasurface with ultra-broadband electromagnetically induced transparency and perfect transmissive polarization conversion
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Bin , Yao Boyi , Chang Rui , Wang Jiayun , Duan Junping , Qu Zeng , Zhang Binzhen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a metasurface that can simultaneously realize the dual functions of ultra-broadband electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) and perfect transmission linear polarization conversion (LPC). The metasurface can be regarded as two identical layers separated by air, and each layer is composed of two N-type copper resonators rotated 45° counterclockwise immediately on both sides of the F4B dielectric layer. The simulation results show that the rotating N-type resonator causes the destructive interference of the electric resonance unit’s near-field coupling magnetic resonance unit, resulting in an ultra-wideband EIT effect with a maximum transmission coefficient of 0.93 and a relative bandwidth of 40.03%. It was also found that a near-perfect transmission LPC with a polarization conversion ratio of 99.97% was obtained near the 9.06 GHz frequency. The physical mechanisms of the EIT phenomenon and LPC are analyzed using the surface current distribution and magnetic field, and the frequency dependence of some structural parameters is also analyzed to illustrate the spectral properties of the depression. The metasurface was fabricated and measured to verify its bifunctional performance. This simultaneous implementation of EIT and LPC on the metasurface provides a new approach for applications in communications, multifunctional device design, and antennas.
Development of interference-free rotational and vibrational thermometry for studies on shock-heated thermochemical non-equilibrium CO
Authors: He Dong , Si Ting , Li Fei , Luo Xisheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A mid-infrared interference-free laser absorption technique for simultaneously measuring rotational temperature, vibrational temperature, and CO concentration was developed for application to shock-tube studies on thermochemical non-equilibrium CO over 1000–3000 K. Three transition lines in the fundamental vibrational band of CO (P(0, 21), near 4.87 μm, P(1, 21), near 4.93 μm, and P(0, 37), near 5.05 μm) were selected. The P(0, 21)/P(1, 21) line pair was used for vibrational temperature measurements whereas the P(0, 21)/P(0, 37) line pair was used for rotational temperature measurements. Spectroscopic parameters for developing the technique were measured: line strengths and collisional broadening data in Ar were obtained at 1040–2940 K. Validation experiments for the thermometry system were performed in shock-heated thermal-equilibrium CO/Ar mixtures at 1050–3010 K and 1.1–2.8 bar. The time-dependent rotational and vibrational temperatures were measured during the vibrational relaxation processes of CO. The technique showed high sensitivity in detecting the rotational and vibrational temperatures. The measured rotational temperature agreed well with the temperature calculated using the measured pressure and isentropic relationship. The measured vibrational temperature showed good agreement with the predictions using the Landau and Teller theory and Millikan and White relationship. The time-dependent CO concentration during the oxidation processes of n-heptane over a wide temperature range (1350–2750 K) was measured considering n-heptane as one of the alternative fuels for the scramjet. The interference-free laser absorption strategy showed good flexibility in detecting the CO concentration at ultra-high temperatures. The measured results showed overall good agreement with the predictions from two detailed mechanisms and one skeletal mechanism. The reactivity of n-heptane was found to be insensitive to the temperature increase at ultra-high temperatures (>2100 K).
Convex computation of maximal Lyapunov exponents
Authors: Oeri Hans , Goluskin David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We describe an approach for finding upper bounds on an ODE dynamical system’s maximal Lyapunov exponent (LE) among all trajectories in a specified set. A minimisation problem is formulated whose infimum is equal to the maximal LE, provided that trajectories of interest remain in a compact set. The minimisation is over auxiliary functions that are defined on the state space and subject to a pointwise inequality. In the polynomial case—i.e. when the ODE’s right-hand side is polynomial, the set of interest can be specified by polynomial inequalities or equalities, and auxiliary functions are sought among polynomials—the minimisation can be relaxed into a computationally tractable polynomial optimisation problem subject to sum-of-squares constraints. Enlarging the spaces of polynomials over which auxiliary functions are sought yields optimisation problems of increasing computational cost whose infima converge from above to the maximal LE, at least when the set of interest is compact. For illustration, we carry out such polynomial optimisation computations for two chaotic examples: the Lorenz system and the Hénon–Heiles system. The computed upper bounds converge as polynomial degrees are raised, and in each example we obtain a bound that is sharp to at least five digits. This sharpness is confirmed by finding trajectories whose leading Lyapunov exponents approximately equal the upper bounds.
Strong degenerate constraining in Lagrangian dynamics
Authors: Burgos J M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the strong constraining problem in Lagrangian dynamics in the degenerate codimension one case. This is the first time that degenerate potentials at the constraint are considered for this problem. Besides the total degenerate cases, these new results cover several real analytic potentials that the previous do not. Some counterintuitive effects of the degenerate constraining are discussed.
Primordial black holes and inflation from double-well potentials
Authors: Karam Alexandros , Koivunen Niko , Tomberg Eemeli , Racioppi Antonio , Veermäe Hardi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate the formation of large peaks in the inflationary curvature power spectrum from double-well potentials. In such scenarios, the initial CMB spectrum is created at large field values. Subsequently, the inflaton will cross one of the minima and will decelerate rapidly as it reaches the local maximum at the origin, either falling back or crossing it. During this final phase, a significant peak in the curvature power spectrum can be generated. Our analysis reveals that this class of models produces more pronounced peaks than most quasi-inflection point scenarios with less tuning for the model parameters. Finally, we construct an explicit theoretically motivated inflationary scenario that is consistent with the latest CMB observations and capable of generating sufficiently large curvature perturbations for primordial black holes.
Quantifying Roman WFI Dark Images with the Wavelet Scattering Transform
Authors: Velicheti Phani Datta , Wu John F. , Petric Andreea 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will survey a large area of the sky at near-infrared wavelengths with its Wide Field Instrument (WFI). The performance of the 18 WFI H4RG-10 detectors will need to be well-characterized and regularly monitored in order for Roman to meet its science objectives. Weak lensing science goals are particularly sensitive to instrumental distortions and patterns that might masquerade as astronomical signals. We apply the wavelet scattering transform in order to analyze localized signals in Roman WFI images that have been taken as part of a dark image test suite. The scattering transform quantifies shapes and clustering information by reducing images into nonlinear combinations of wavelet modes on multiple size scales. We show that these interpretable scattering statistics can separate rare correlated patterns from typical noise signals, and we discuss the results in context of power spectrum analyses and other computer vision methods.
Asymmetric bidirectional quantum
1⇔2
qubit teleportation scheme via six-qubit Bell-cluster state
Authors: Yuan Hao , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Using a six-qubit Bell-cluster state, we proposed an asymmetric bidirectional quantum teleportation scheme. Two participants Anne and Benson are both the sender and receiver. Only applying Bell-state measurement, single- and two-qubit unitary operations as well as classical communication, Anne can transmit an arbitrary two-qubit unknown state to Benson, meanwhile Benson can also send an arbitrary single-qubit unknown state to Anne. Analysis shows that our scheme is feasible with the present experiment technologies.
Internal quantum efficiency of silicon photodetectors at ultraviolet wavelengths
Authors: Korpusenko Mikhail , Vaskuri Anna , Manoocheri Farshid , Ikonen Erkki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We determine experimentally the internal quantum efficiency of a 3-element trap detector made of Hamamatsu S1337 photodiodes and of a predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) over the wavelength range of 250–500 nm using an electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer as reference detector. The PQED is made of specially designed induced junction photodiodes, whose charge-carrier recombination losses are minimized. The determined internal quantum efficiency of PQED is always 1 or larger, whereas the 3-element trap detector has internal quantum efficiency smaller than 1 in the spectral range of 330–450 nm. This finding demonstrates the advantages of PQED photodiodes for studying the quantum yield due to impact ionization by charge carriers in the silicon lattice. For this purpose, we develop an extrapolation model for the charge-carrier recombination losses of the PQED, which allows us to separate the quantum yield from the measured internal quantum efficiency. Measurements of PQED spectral responsivity thus allow to determine the quantum yield in silicon, which can be further used for quantifying the charge-carrier recombination losses in the 3-element trap detector. Numerical values of the latter are from 6% to 2% in the spectral range from 250 nm to 380 nm. Finally, our results are encouraging for the aim of developing the PQED to a primary detector standard also at ultraviolet wavelengths.
Illuminance scale development from 1 klx to 200 klx
Authors: Lv Liang , Jiang Xiaomei , Li Jian , Lin Yandong , Lin Xiaofeng , Pang Bowen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A calibration facility and associated measurement procedures have been established at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM, CHINA) to provide high illuminance calibrations in the range from 1 klx to 200 klx. An adjustable high illuminance source based on flux addition of LEDs in an integrating sphere has been developed, and the characteristics of the high illuminance source have been tested and analyzed. A correction method for the issues caused by the inherent structure of the light source has been proposed. A photometer was calibrated using the superposition method in the range (1–200) klx with a relative uncertainty from 0.5% to 1.0% varying with range (coverage factor k = 2).
A New Algorithm for Eliminating Mismatch
Authors: Liu Xuan-ang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of mismatching and low matching efficiency in the process of monocular initialization of visual SLAM, this paper proposes an improved initialization method. Based on the ORB-SLAM2 algorithm, the concept of probability statistics is introduced in its monocular initialization process. By adding a moving grid before the RANSAC algorithm eliminates the mismatching, the region where the feature matching is most likely to be true is found, and the mismatching is eliminated in this region. Finally, a geometric constraint is carried out to retain the correct matching to the greatest extent, thus speeding up the feature matching and retaining more interior points. In this paper, the improved ORB-SLAM2 algorithm is verified in the TUM data set. The experimental results show that the initialization time of the improved algorithm is reduced and the trajectory accuracy is improved. Applying the improved algorithm to the AGV car has good accuracy and robustness in the real factory environment.
Machine learning-based target prediction for terrorist attacks
Authors: Pan Xiaohui , Zhang Tao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To address the problem that terrorist attacks are frequent and attack targets are widely difficult to predict, we use multidimensional features of terrorist attacks to predict terrorist targets based on a quantitative statistical analysis of data in the global terrorism database (GTD) from 1970 to 2019. In this paper, a machine learning-based prediction model (i.e., a classifier framework) is proposed. The model pre-processes GTD data and uses the OneHotEncoder and KBinsDiscretizer methods for data category transformation, classifies terrorist targets by four algorithms—SVM, decision trees, KNN and DNN. Each algorithm was trained with their parameters optimised, and the performance of the proposed model was tested and evaluated. The experimental results show that the prediction model achieved good performance in predicting the attack targets. The neural network had the best prediction performance in predicting twenty-two attack targets with 100% accuracy, indicating that the proposed model is accurate and effective.