bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Form function of sulcus acusticus of the sagittal otolith in seven Sciaenidae (Acanthuriformes) species using geometric morphometrics (southwestern Atlantic)
Authors: Verocai José E. , Cabrera Fernanda , Lombarte Antoni , Norbis Walter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe morphology of otoliths determines the function they perform, and it is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Knowing those relationships is necessary to understand the role of hearing in fish. The objectives of this work were: exploring the shape of the sulcus of the sagittal otolith in seven species of Sciaenidae, in relation to sound production, and analyzing whether the shape and size of the sulcus can be used as a phylogenetic character. For this purpose, geometric morphometry analysis was carried out using landmarks data. It was found that there is an influence of size on the shape of the sulcus, and significant differences were found between the shapes of the sulcus (permutational multivariate analysis of variance). Three general shapes of the sulcus were identified (using principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis, and clustering): (1) in species that produce sounds at dominant frequencies <350 Hz, the deformation of the sulcus showed a tendency towards circularity of the ostium; (2) in those species that produce sounds at frequencies >350 Hz, the ostium showed a flattened ovoid shape, and the cauda increased its length; (3) the species that do not produce sounds, did not show any modifications, relative to the form of consensus. Despite finding sister species that presented similar sulcus shapes in the phylogeny, the results did not confirm that this can be used as a phylogenetic character. This work discusses whether the combined effects of phylogenetic legacy and natural functional selection have led to convergent evolution for the sulcus form. The differences presented by the sulcus of species that occupy the same clade, could indicate that there is a displacement of characters. The sagittal otolith and the sensory macula associated with the sulcus acusticus are highly plastic structures that are subject to strong evolutionary pressure in relation to environmental and behavioral factors, resulting in great variability in shapes that can be associated with a specific character. The variation in the shape of the sulcus would allow the analysed species to coexist in the same coastal soundscapes, without losing their particular hearing needs, even in case of overlapping their spatial and temporal distribution areas.
Voicing singlish from the “middle”: Indexical hybridities of class, race, language, and Singaporeanness
Authors: Khoo Velda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe long‐governing People's Action Party in Singapore, cautious of the appeal of Marxist‐type class analyses, recognizes political mileage in promoting the myth of a homogenous “class blind” society. Popular uptakes of this perspective are seen online in parodic uses of new terms high SES and low SES to counter the suggestion that socioeconomic status (SES) is a relevant distinction in Singapore. Such parodies are nevertheless deeply classed, as middle‐class subjectivity emerges through the negation of class‐based extremes (Hall, 2021). This article argues that Singlish has become a powerful instrument for sustaining middle‐class normativity. Its positioning by invested listening subjects (Inoue, 2006) as a hybrid language that equally encompasses speakers of diverse linguistic backgrounds obscures not just class relations but also the central linkage that lies at the heart of a raciolinguistic perspective (Rosa and Flores, 2017). Once class and race are co‐naturalized in this way, speakers can use Singlish to perform an “authentic Singaporeanness,” but this performance is in turn facilitated by a metapragmatic narrative that motivates which forms become enregistered as Singlish.
Consensus, controversy, and chaos in the attribution of characteristics to the morally exceptional
Authors: Fleeson William , Furr R. Michael , Jayawickreme Eranda , Luke Dillon , Prentice Mike , Reynolds Caleb J. , Parham Ashley Hawkins 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWhat do people see as distinguishing the morally exceptional from others? To handle the problem that people may disagree about who qualifies as morally exceptional, we asked subjects to select and rate their own examples of morally exceptional, morally average, and immoral people.MethodSubjects rated each selected exemplar on several enablers of moral action and several directions of moral action. By applying the logic underlying stimulus sampling in experimental design, we evaluated perceivers’ level of agreement about the characteristics of the morally exceptional, even though perceivers rated different targets.ResultsAcross three studies, there was strong subjective consensus on who is morally exceptional: those who are empathetic and prone to guilt, those who reflect on moral issues and identify with morality, those who have self‐control and actually enact moral behaviors, and those who care about harm, compassion, fairness, and honesty. Deep controversies also existed about the moral directions pursued by those seen as morally exceptional: People evaluated those who pursued similar values and made similar decisions more favorably.ConclusionStrong consensus suggests characteristics that may push a person to go beyond normal expectations, that the study of moral exceptionality is not overly hindered by disagreement over who is morally exceptional, and that there is some common ground between disagreeing camps.
Learning technology in health professions education: Realising an (un)imagined future
Authors: Grainger Rebecca , Liu Qian , Gladman Tehmina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContextTechnology is being introduced, used and studied in almost all areas of health professions education (HPE), often with a claim of making HPE better in one way or another. However, it remains unclear if technology has driven real change in HPE. In this article, we seek to develop an understanding of the transformative capacity of learning technology in HPE.Methods and OutcomesWe first consider the wider scholarship highlighting the intersection between technology and pedagogy, articulating what is meant by transformation and the role of learning technology in driving educational transformation. We then undertake a synthesis of the current high visibility HPE‐focused research. We sampled the literature in two ways—for the five highest impact factor health professional education journals over the past decade and for all PubMed indexed journals for the last 3 years—and categorised the extant research against the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition model. We found that the majority of research we sampled focussed on substituting or augmenting learning through technology, with relatively few studies using technology to modify or redefine what HPE is through the use of technology. Of more concern was the lack of theoretical justification for pedagogical improvement, including transformation, underpinning the majority of studies.ConclusionsWhile all kinds of technology use in learning have their place, the next step for HPE is the robust use of technology aiming to lead transformation. This should be guided by transformational educational theory and aligned with pedagogical context. We challenge HPE practitioners and scholars to work thoughtfully and with intent to enable transformation in education for future health professionals.
Nurses' lived experience of peacebuilding
Authors: Srof Brenda J. , Lagerwey Mary , Liechty Joe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNursing has a unique opportunity to address issues of structural violence that contribute to poor health outcomes. Models for designing nursing care relative to the social determinants of health can be adapted from the discipline of peace studies and the phenomenon of peacebuilding. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe the lived experience of peacebuilding from the perspective of community or public health nurses. Interviews were conducted with eight participants. Attributes of the peacebuilder included fostering human relationships that value the inherent worth and dignity of others, nurturing a character of humility and moral courage, and contemplating the personal cost of engaging in prolonged processes of peacebuilding. Practices of peacebuilding included mediating conflict through multilayered processes, accompanying others to places of empowerment, and utilizing interdisciplinary teaching and learning to build capacity for change. Increasing an understanding of the lived experience of peacebuilding by nurses is relevant to nursing research, theory, and practice, and adds to a broader understanding of peacebuilding.
Liver fat as risk factor of hepatic and cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Demir Münevver , Bornstein Stefan R. , Mantzoros Christos S. , Perakakis Nikolaos 
Published: August 2023

SummaryNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver that can progress to liver inflammation (non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Although most efforts for drug development are focusing on the treatment of the latest stages of NAFLD, where significant fibrosis and NASH are present, findings from studies suggest that the amount of liver fat may be an important independent risk factor and/or predictor of development and progression of NAFLD and metabolic diseases. In this review, we first describe the current tools available for quantification of liver fat in humans and then present the clinical and pathophysiological evidence that link liver fat with NAFLD progression as well as with cardiometabolic diseases. Finally, we discuss current pharmacological and non‐pharmacological approaches to reduce liver fat and present open questions that have to be addressed in future studies.
Exogenous melatonin mitigates saline‐alkali stress by decreasing DNA oxidative damage and enhancing photosynthetic carbon metabolism in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Shen Wanzheng , Gu Yanhua , Hu Jiachen , Ma Yue , Zhang Xinlin , Du Yanli , Zhang Yuxian , Du Jidao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSaline‐alkali stress (SS) is a common abiotic stress affecting crop cultivation worldwide, seriously inhibiting plant growth and biomass accumulation. Melatonin has been proven to relieve the inhibition of multiple abiotic stresses on plant growth. Therefore, soybean cultivars Heihe 49 (HH49, SS‐tolerant) and Henong 95 (HN95, SS‐sensitive) were pot‐cultured in SS soil and then treated with 300 μM melatonin at the V1 stage, when the first trifoliate leaves were fully unfolded, to investigate if melatonin has an effect on SS. SS increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in soybean leaves and thereby induced DNA oxidative damage. In addition, SS retarded cell growth and decreased the mesophyll cell size, chloroplast number, photosynthetic pigment content, which further reduced the light energy capture and electron transport rate in soybean leaves, and affected carbohydrate accumulation and metabolism. However, melatonin treatment reduced SS‐induced ROS accumulation in the soybean leaves by increasing antioxidant content and oxidase activity. Effective removal of ROS reduced SS‐induced DNA oxidative damage in the soybean leaf genome, which was represented by decreased random‐amplified polymorphic DNA polymorphism, 8‐hydroxy‐20‐deoxyguanine content, and relative density of apurinic/apyrimidinic‐sites. Melatonin treatment also increased the volume of mesophyll cells, the numbers of chloroplast and starch grains, the contents of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids in soybean seedling leaves treated with SS, thereby increasing the efficiency of effective light capture and electron transfer and improving photosynthesis. Subsequently, carbohydrate accumulation and metabolism in soybean leaves under SS were improved by melatonin treatment, which contributes to providing basic substances and energy for cell growth and metabolism, ultimately improving soybean SS tolerance.
Status and expertise: A typology of US presidential transition team members
Authors: Brown Heath 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite advising on thousands of important decisions, who serves on presidential transition teams in the United States is largely unknown. The secretive and transient nature of transition planning explains why this is the case, but also reinforces why it is important to have a better understanding of who a president‐elect might choose at this critical moment of the transfer of power. This article develops a theory of the transition team as well as a typology based on two factors: expertise and status. Original interviews with members of the 2020–2021 Biden–Harris transition team then demonstrate the utility of this typology for better understanding the transition period.
Progress in research on the role played by myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in liver diseases
Authors: Sun Qianqian , Dai Heng , Wang Siliang , Chen Yuanyuan , Shi Huilian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) refer to a group of immature myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive capacity upon activation by pathological conditions. Because of their potent immunosuppressive ability, MDSCs have garnered extensive attention in the past few years in the fields of oncology, infection, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Research on MDSCs in liver diseases has gradually increased, and their potential therapeutic roles will be further explored. This review presents a summary of the involvement and the role played by MDSCs in liver diseases, thus identifying their potential targets for the treatment of liver diseases and providing new directions for liver disease‐related research.
Effects of 2‐year dietary and physical activity intervention on cognition in children—a nonrandomized controlled trial
Authors: Naveed Sehrish , Sallinen Taisa , Eloranta Aino‐Maija , Skog Hannamari , Jalkanen Henna , Brage Soren , Ekelund Ulf , Pentikäinen Heikki , Savonen Kai , Lakka Timo A. , Haapala Eero A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe investigated the effects of a combined dietary and PA intervention on cognition in children and whether changes in diet quality, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and sedentary time (ST) are associated with changes in cognition.MethodsWe conducted a 2‐year nonrandomized controlled trial in 504 children aged 6–9 years at baseline. The children were allocated to a combined dietary and PA intervention group (n = 237) or a control group (n = 160) without blinding.InterventionsThe children and their parents allocated to the intervention group had six dietary counseling sessions of 30–45 min and six PA counseling sessions of 30–45 min during the 2‐year intervention period. The children were also encouraged to participate in after‐school exercise clubs. Cognition was assessed by the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices. We assessed dietary factors by 4 days food records and computed the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) as a measure of diet quality. PA and ST were assessed by a combined heart rate and body movement monitor, types of PA and SB by a questionnaire.ResultsThe intervention had no effect on cognition. Increased BSDS and consumption of low‐fat milk and decreased consumption of red meat and sausages were associated with improved cognition over 2 years. Increased organized sports, ST, and reading were positively, while unsupervised PA, computer use, and writing were negatively associated with cognition.ConclusionCombined dietary and PA intervention had no effect on cognition. Improved diet quality and increased organized sports and reading were associated with improved cognition.
Adolescents’ moral reasoning when honesty and loyalty collide
Authors: Shao Shuai , Ribeiro Alessandra Mafra , Fouladirad Saman , Shrestha Claire Marie , Lee Kang , Cameron Catherine Ann 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccording to moral pluralism theory, people practice moral reasoning based on several fundamental dimensions, including honesty and loyalty. As individuals navigate increasingly complex social worlds over development, they may face the dilemmas where honesty collides with loyalty. In the current study, adolescents (15‐ to 18‐year‐olds, N = 203) in a western, multicultural Canadian city read moral dilemmas involving a protagonist learning that an athlete cheated in a sports event. We manipulated the relationship between the protagonist and the cheater (best friends or compatriots) between subjects and the protagonist's responses (telling a loyal lie or the disloyal truth) within subjects. We examined participants’ first‐person behavioral intentions (choices) in the hypothetical dilemmas and third‐party judgments of protagonists’ morality. These adolescents projected that they personally would be more inclined to tell a loyal lie for a friend than their country, but older adolescents were more likely to lie for their country than younger ones. Participants judged telling disloyal truths to expose a friend significantly less favorably than disloyal truths to expose a country. These adolescents reflected upon loyalty and caring, honesty and fairness, and nonmoral practical factors when justifying their choices and judgments. The current study advances our understanding of moral development by revealing that with sophisticated social‐cognitive capacities, adolescents can coordinate different fundamental moral values when rendering their moral reasoning.
Detecting acoustic chirality with matched metamaterial vortex wave antennas
Authors: Rohde Charles A. , Naify Christina J. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Acoustic communications often have limited data rates because of the intrinsically low frequencies. Exploring new spatial modes to increase data bandwidth at fixed frequency is a possible solution to this problem. Here, we demonstrate acoustic wave chirality transmission between two reciprocal metamaterial vortex wave antennas, generating and sensing transmitted acoustic wave chirality through the sub-wavelength geometry of the system. By adding an acoustic leaky wave surface to a ring resonator waveguide, acoustic vortex waves with positive or negative integer mode chirality are independently radiated and detected using a small number of microphones. Through computational simulation and experimental verification, using three-dimensional printed waveguides, we show that the vortex mode chirality can be transferred between two opposing acoustic vortex wave antennas across a small unguided air gap. We also show that emission into an external waveguide can provide long distance data transmission. This demonstrates the first use of metamaterial vortex wave antennas as chiral, mode multi-channel data transceivers.
“It’s Like Coming Out of the Cave Into the Light”: The Role of Literacy Integration in Physical Education
Authors: Wickens Corrine , Parker Jenny 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pedagogies of teacher socialization for physical education teacher education candidates through the context of literacy integration. Method: We situated our data collection in qualitative case study methodology, emphasizing data from focus group interviews conducted during the final month of physical education teacher education candidates’ programs. Results: We demonstrate three primary insights and/or adjustments to their perceptions about literacy integration in physical education settings: (a) Literacy integration should support physical education objectives, (b) literacy integration could be easily implemented in a myriad of ways and for different age groups, and (c) literacy integration can improve student learning and outcomes. Discussion/Conclusion: Extending current teacher socialization literature, we emphasize three factors instrumental in shifting physical education teacher education candidate subjective theories and beliefs: movement-oriented literacy activities, reflection, and experiential applications.
Formation of a stable RNase Y-RicT (YaaT) complex requires RicA (YmcA) and RicF (YlbF)
Authors: Dubnau Eugenie , DeSantis Micaela , Dubnau David 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

In
Bacillus subtilis
, the RicT (YaaT), RicA (YmcA), and RicF (YlbF) proteins, which form a stable ternary complex, are needed together with RNase Y (Rny) to cleave and thereby stabilize several key transcripts encoding enzymes of intermediary metabolism. We show here that RicT, but not RicA or RicF, forms a stable complex with Rny and that this association requires the presence of RicA and RicF. We propose that RicT is handed off from the ternary complex to Rny. We show further that the two iron-sulfur clusters carried by the ternary Ric complex are required for the formation of the stable RicT-Rny complex. We demonstrate that proteins of the degradosome-like network of
B. subtilis
, which also interact with Rny, are dispensable for processing of the
gapA
operon. Thus, Rny participates in distinct RNA-related processes, determined by its binding partners, and a RicT-Rny complex is likely the functional entity for
gapA
mRNA maturation.

IMPORTANCE

The action of nucleases on RNA is universal and essential for all forms of life and includes processing steps that lead to the mature and functional forms of certain transcripts. In
Bacillus subtilis,
it has been shown that key transcripts for energy-producing steps of glycolysis, for nitrogen assimilation, and for oxidative phosphorylation, all of them crucial processes of intermediary metabolism, are cleaved at specific locations, resulting in mRNA stabilization. The proteins required for these cleavages in
B. subtilis
[Rny (RNase Y), RicA (YmcA), RicF (YlbF), and RicT (YaaT)] are broadly conserved among the firmicutes, including several important pathogens, hinting that regulatory mechanisms they control may also be conserved. Several aspects of these regulatory events have been explored: phenotypes associated with the absence of these proteins have been described, the impact of these absences on the transcriptome has been documented, and there has been significant exploration of the biochemistry and structural biology of Rny and the Ric proteins. The present study further advances our understanding of the association of Ric proteins and Rny and shows that a complex of Rny with RicT is probably the entity that carries out mRNA maturation.