bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early clinical experience with eptinezumab: results of a retrospective observational study of patient response in the United States
Authors: Starling Amaal J. , Kymes Steven , Asher Divya , Soni-Brahmbhatt Seema , Karnik-Henry Meghana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The efficacy and safety of eptinezumab for preventive migraine treatment in adults have been demonstrated in multiple, large-scale clinical trials. This non-interventional, retrospective, observational chart review was conducted to examine patient response to eptinezumab 100 mg or 300 mg every 12 weeks for 6 months in the clinical setting.

Methods
Eight headache specialists who reported early clinical experience with eptinezumab enrolled the first adults (1–6 adults per clinician; age ≥ 18 years) who met predefined selection criteria (including ≥ 12-month history of migraine, ≥ 4 migraine days/month prior to eptinezumab initiation, receipt of ≥ 2 consecutive eptinezumab doses, and ≥ 12-week follow-up period), and provided detailed patient, disease, treatment, and outcome information via SurveyMonkey and standardized case-report forms.

Results
Charts from 31 adults (median age, 49 years) with migraine (93.6% chronic) who received eptinezumab for the preventive treatment of migraine were reviewed. Most patients (26/31 [83.9%]) were initiated at 100 mg. Eptinezumab reduced mean headache frequency (24.3 monthly headache days [MHDs] at baseline; 17.1 MHDs at Month 6); mean migraine frequency (17.3 monthly migraine days [MMDs] at baseline; 9.1 MMDs at Month 6); attack severity (17/31 [54.8%] patients); acute headache medication use (12.5 acute medication days at baseline; 7.4 at Month 6); and patient-reported disability (11/22 [50.0%] severe at baseline; 7/19 [36.8%] at Month 6). More than three-quarters of patients (24/31 [77.4%]) perceived improved disability/function and most (30/31 [96.8%]) perceived eptinezumab to be well tolerated after 6 months. Most of the headache specialists reported that eptinezumab was well tolerated by patients (30/31 [96.8%]) and that the intravenous infusion experience was not challenging.

Conclusions
Patients with migraine who received 6 months of preventive treatment with eptinezumab experienced reductions in migraine and headache frequency, disability, and acute medication use during the course of treatment.
Effects of chronotype on antidepressant treatment and symptoms in patients with depression: a multicenter, parallel, controlled study
Authors: Wang Shikai , Feng Min , Fang Yu , Lv Liang , Sun Guilan , Cheng Shanfei , Huang Weiquan , Yang Shengliang , Guo Ping , Qian Mincai , Chen Huanxin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim
To analyze the changes of chronotypes in patients with depression before and after treatment, and explore the effects of different chronotypes on antidepressant treatment and the dimensions of common symptoms in patients with depression.

Methods
180 patients with depression were selected from 10 tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Zhejiang province, according to the scores of morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), the patients were divided into three groups: early-type group, middle-type group and late-type group. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale anxiety Scale (HAMA), Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), multidimensional fatigue inventory-20(MFI-20) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were measured at baseline and at the end of the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks, the variance analysis of repeated measures was used to analyze the change of each index in the study. The remission rate of depression at each time point was statistically analyzed.

Results
Of the 180 patients included in the study, 26 were lost to follow-up, and 154 were finally included in the analysis. At baseline, 14.93%, 56.5% and 28.57% of the subjects were diagnosed as middle-late type, middle-late type and early-late type respectively, the total scores of Shaps and MFI-20 in the early-type group were higher than those in the late-type group and the middle-type group (p < 0.05). During the 12-week antidepressant treatment period, the time effect of PSQI, Shaps, MFI-20 and MEQ had interaction with different time groups (p < 0.05). During the treatment, the multiple symptom dimensions of depression were improved to different degrees, but the changing trend was not the same, and the recovery of the anhedonia was obviously delayed, in early-type patients, there are many symptoms such as loss of pleasure and sleep disorders. There was no significant effect on the remission rate of depression in different time type (p > 0.05) .

Conclusion
The disorder of chronotypes is common in patients with depression. The time effect of different time type on different symptom dimension of depression was affected, but the effect on remission rate of depression was not significant. To strengthen the management of biological chronotype rhythm in patients with depression may be of great significance in the treatment of depression.
Methamphetamine-induced encephalopathy in the absence of hyperammonemia
Authors: Rabbany Jessica M , Fitzgerald Kaylee , Bowman Jade , Dong Fanglong , Neeki Michael M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Methamphetamine is an addictive drug with various effects on the neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Methamphetamine-induced encephalopathy in the absence of hyperammonemia presents a unique challenge in a clinical setting. Previously published cases of methamphetamine-induced encephalopathy suggested that methamphetamine-induced hepatotoxicity and subsequent hyperammonemia may be the cause of encephalopathy. However, the literature is limited on methamphetamine-induced encephalopathy without hyperammonemia.

Case
This case presents a disoriented patient with methamphetamine use disorder in acute toxicity, unable to ambulate independently, and poorly responsive to verbal stimuli. The patient was found to have normal ammonia levels.

Discussion
This patient’s presentation and laboratory findings, namely normal ammonia levels, suggest a different pathophysiological pathway for methamphetamine-induced encephalopathy. One potential pathway is through the direct action of methamphetamine on the central nervous system through acute disruption of neurotransmitter signaling and disruption of the blood-brain barrier.

Conclusion
Further research should be conducted into the prevalence and pathophysiology of methamphetamine-induced encephalopathy in the absence of hyperammonemia.

Key Points
Methamphetamine-induced encephalopathy (MIE) in the absence of hyperammonemia presents a unique challenge in a clinical setting.
Previously published cases of MIE suggest that methamphetamine-induced hepatotoxicity and subsequent hyperammonemia may be the cause of encephalopathy.
Further research should be conducted into the prevalence and pathophysiology of MIE in the absence of hyperammonemia.
Food insecurity and health outcome nexus: empirical evidence from the informal sector enterprises in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Nahid , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur , Khanam Rasheda , Rayhan Istihak , Hossain Roni 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Food insecurity indicates the difficulty of constantly obtaining adequate food because of limited economic resources. Food insecurity challenges the desired health outcomes. Although extensive literature has examined the associations between food security and health, low-wage informal sector workers have been less frequently addressed in this topic. The present study has focused on food insecurity among the workers working in the informal sector enterprises who experienced entrenched disadvantage during COVID-19 and examines the relationship between food insecurity and health status as measured by self-reported physical and mental health conditions.

Methods
This study has utilized cross-sectional data collected from workers working in informal manufacturing and business enterprises in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) with eight items is used to screen for food insecurity, and the Short Form 12v2 (SF12v2) scale with 12 questions, and validated for use with Bengali respondents, is used to measure the health status of the informal workers. A health production function has been constructed where the health status (both physical and mental) of workers is associated with food insecurity and other socio-economic and health care factors. Empirical analyses of the study have included descriptive statistics, mean score comparisons, and multivariate regression analyses to identify the predictive factors of the physical and mental health status of the workers.

Results
A moderate to severe food insecurity is found to be responsible for the poor health status (both physical and mental) of the selected working group population. Moreover, age over 40 years, having a large family, dissatisfaction with the work place, and the prevalence of occupational health risks are linked to lower physical health, while dissatisfaction with the work place and the incidence of severe diseases contribute to poor mental health status along with food insecurity.

Conclusions
Extending social and economic protection towards health coverage and basic consumption is suggested as an immediate action to save lives and ensure productivity of the informal workers. Besides, an increase in income and ensuring decent working conditions are also recommended for the health, safety and satisfaction of workers working in informal sector enterprises.
Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in male mice with sepsis-induced acute lung injury based on transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Hu Wen , Wu Zhen , Zhang Mei , Yu Shilin , Zou Xiaohua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Sepsis can result in acute lung injury (ALI). Studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis can treat ALI. However, the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in sepsis-induced ALI remain unclear.

Methods
Transcriptome sequencing was performed on lung tissue samples from 10 sepsis-induced mouse models of ALI and 10 control mice. After quality control measures, clean data were used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups. The DEGs were then overlapped with ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) to obtain ferroptosis-related DEGs (FR-DEGs). Subsequently, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) were used to obtain key genes. In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was employed to explore the disease, function, and canonical pathways related to the key genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to investigate the functions of the key genes, and regulatory miRNAs of key genes were predicted using the NetworkAnalyst and StarBase databases. Finally, the expression of key genes was validated with the GSE165226 and GSE168796 datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results
Thirty-three FR-DEGs were identified between 1843 DEGs and 259 FRGs. Three key genes, Ncf2, Steap3, and Gclc, were identified based on diagnostic models established by the two machine learning methods. They are mainly involved in infection, immunity, and apoptosis, including lymphatic system cell migration and lymphocyte and T cell responses. Additionally, the GSEA suggested that Ncf2 and Steap3 were similarly enriched in mRNA processing, response to peptides, and leukocyte differentiation. Furthermore, a key gene-miRNA network including 2 key genes (Steap3 and Gclc) and 122 miRNAs, and a gene-miRNA network with 1 key gene (Steap3) and 3 miRNAs were constructed using NetworkAnalyst and StarBase, respectively. Both databases predicted that mmu-miR-15a-5p was the target miRNA of Steap3. Finally, Ncf2 expression was validated using both datasets and qRT-PCR, and Steap3 was validated using GSE165226 and qRT-PCR.

Conclusions
This study identified two FR-DEGs (Ncf2 and Steap3) associated with sepsis-induced ALI via transcriptome analyses, as well as their functional and metabolic pathways.
Diagnostic performance of eNose technology in COVID-19 patients after hospitalization
Authors: van Raaij B. F.M. , Veltman J. D. , Hameete J. F. , Stöger J. L. , Geelhoed J. J.M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human cells reflect metabolic and pathophysiological processes which can be detected with the use of electronic nose (eNose) technology. Analysis of exhaled breath may potentially play an important role in diagnosing COVID-19 and stratification of patients based on pulmonary function or chest CT.

Methods
Breath profiles of COVID-19 patients were collected with an eNose device (SpiroNose) 3 months after discharge from the Leiden University Medical Centre and matched with breath profiles from healthy individuals for analysis. Principal component analysis was performed with leave-one-out cross validation and visualised with receiver operating characteristics. COVID-19 patients were stratified in subgroups with a normal pulmonary diffusion capacity versus patients with an impaired pulmonary diffusion capacity (DLCOc < 80% of predicted) and in subgroups with a normal chest CT versus patients with COVID-19 related chest CT abnormalities.

Results
The breath profiles of 135 COVID-19 patients were analysed and matched with 174 healthy controls. The SpiroNose differentiated between COVID-19 after hospitalization and healthy controls with an AUC of 0.893 (95-CI, 0.851–0.934). There was no difference in VOCs patterns in subgroups of COVID-19 patients based on diffusion capacity or chest CT.

Conclusions
COVID-19 patients have a breath profile distinguishable from healthy individuals shortly after hospitalization which can be detected using eNose technology. This may suggest ongoing inflammation or a common repair mechanism. The eNose could not differentiate between subgroups of COVID-19 patients based on pulmonary diffusion capacity or chest CT.
Management and outcome of patients with femoral head fractures: the mid-term follow-up with injuries and associated prognostic factors
Authors: Shakya Sujan , Chen Jialei , Sun Jiachen , Xiang Zhou 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Femoral head fractures are rare injuries often associated with poor functional outcomes and complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, treatment methods and approaches, complications, and functional outcomes of femoral head fractures.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients who sustained femoral head fractures between January 2011 and December 2018. There were thirty-seven (74%) males and thirteen (26%) females with a median age of 40 years. According to Pipkin’s classification, there were eighteen (36%) Pipkin I, ten (20%) Pipkin II, eight (16%) Pipkin III, and fourteen (28%) Pipkin IV patients. Treatment methods were categorized into non-operative, operative by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and immediate total hip replacement (THR). The recorded surgical approach consists of an anterior(S-P) approach, posterior(K-L) approach, lateral stab, and combined anterior + lateral stab approach for fixation. The patients were also stratified by the Injury Severity Score (ISS), associated injuries, and, mechanism of injuries. The modified harris hip score (MHHS) was used to evaluate the ongoing complications with the clinical outcome of patients with two years or greater follow-up.

Results
Eight (16%) patients were managed successfully with closed reduction without surgery and thirty-seven (74%) patients required operative reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the femoral head and acetabulum, and 5 (10%) patients required immediate THR. Six (12%) patients developed AVN, and four (8%) required a secondary THR. Sixteen patients (33%) developed post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), eight (16%) developed heterotopic ossification (HO) and six patients (12%) had sciatic nerve injury, none requiring operative treatment. Overall functional results according to MHHS were, excellent in two (4%) patients, good in sixteen (32%) patients, fair in twenty-two (44%) patients, and poor in ten (20%) patients. A statistically significant difference in outcome was observed among four pipkin subtypes.

Conclusion
Femoral head fractures are rare injuries often associated with poor outcomes. In this study, we report the functional outcomes and complications of all treatment approaches for femoral head fracture based on the Pipkin classification. The treatment aim should always be the anatomical reduction of the fragments. This study, adds to the growing literature on femoral head fracture and provides a reference for the clinical treatment to guide patient management.

Trial registration
Our study was approved by the Clinical Research and Biomedical Ethical Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study.
Genetic disorders and pregnancy outcomes of non-immune hydrops fetalis in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Guo Danhua , He Shuqiong , Lin Na , Dai Yifang , Li Ying , Xu Liangpu , Wu Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is a non-specific symptom associated with a wide range of disorders. The prognosis of NIHF depends on the underlying etiology. In this study, we investigated the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and Bart’s hydrops fetalis in pregnancies associated with NIHF in South China.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of NIHF pregnancies referred to the Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital between 2014 and 2018, excluding pregnancies with maternal alloimmunization. Routine karyotyping was performed on all 129 enrolled patients, and chromosomal microarray analysis was performed for 35 cases with a normal karyotype. In addition, α-thalassemia genotyping was performed to confirm the presence of Bart’s hydrops fetalis.

Results
Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 29.5% (38/129) of the cohort, including 37 cases with aneuploidy and one case with unbalanced structural rearrangement. Chromosomal microarray analysis performed on the 35 cases with a normal karyotype did not reveal any additional pathogenic variants. The proportions of chromosomal abnormalities declined with trimester progression, with frequencies of 65%, 30.1%, and 8.3% in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively (p < 0.05). Bart’s hydrops fetalis was detected in 34.9% (45/129) of the cohort. Among the 46 (35.6%) cases with unknown etiology, 23 cases had other ultrasonic abnormalities characterized by poor outcomes, whereas seven cases with multiple cavity effusions that resolved or remitted prior to birth showed normal development during the 3–4 years of follow-up.

Conclusions
In South China, Bart’s hydrops fetalis and chromosomal abnormalities are the most common genetic etiologies of NIHF. Generalized skin edema and accompanying ultrasonic abnormalities are predictive of adverse outcomes, highlighting the need for intensive monitoring and better pregnancy management of NIHF patients.
Genetic analysis for mucinous ovarian carcinoma with infiltrative and expansile invasion and mucinous borderline tumor: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Hada Taira , Miyamoto Morikazu , Ohtsuka Yuka , Suminokura Jin , Ito Tsubasa , Kishimoto Naohisa , Nishitani Soko , Takada Minori , Imauji Akari , Tanabe Risa , Takano Masashi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is a histological subtype of ovarian cancer that has a worse prognosis at advanced stages than the most prevalent histological subtype, high-grade serous carcinomas. Invasive patterns have been recognized as prognostic factors for MCs. MCs with infiltrative invasion were more aggressive than those with expansile invasion. MC with an expansile pattern exhibited behavior similar to mucinous borderline tumors (MBT). However, genomic analysis of invasive patterns is insufficient. This study aimed to compare genetic information between groups with MC and infiltrative invasion (Group A) and those with MC with expansile invasion or MBT (Group B).

Methods
Ten cases each of MC with infiltrative invasion, MC with expansile invasion, and MBT between 2005 and 2020 were identified. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues was performed, and cases with DNA fragmentation or the possibility of DNA fragmentation were excluded. Mutant base candidates and tumor mutation burden (TMB) values (mutations/megabase) were calculated.

Results
After assessing the quality of purified DNA, seven cases of MC with infiltrative invasion, five cases of MC with expansile invasion, and three cases of MBT were included. More patients in group A experienced recurrence or progression (p < 0.01) and died of disease (p = 0.03). Moreover, the TMB value was statistically higher in group A than in group B (p = 0.049). There were no statistical differences in the incidence of the mutations of KRAS, TP53, and CREBBP. KRAS, TP53, and CREBBP mutations were discovered in 8/15 (53.3%), 6/15 (40.0%), and 5/15 (33.3%) cases, respectively.

Conclusions
Genetic analysis revealed that Group A had higher TMB than Group B. Therefore, this result might be useful for future treatment.