bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hair analysis as a new tool to monitor adherence to long‐term therapy to statins
Authors: Ballotari Marco , Taus Francesco , Gottardo Rossella , Tagliaro Franco , Bortolotti Federica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStatins are cholesterol‐lowering medications which are widely prescribed as first‐line treatment for hyperlipidemia, against high blood cholesterol aimed at reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. Notwithstanding their undoubted efficacy, the needed long‐term treatment with these drugs is characterized by a high percentage of dropout. Consequently, an effective tool to verify the patients’ compliance to statin therapy is needed. In this context, the analysis for drugs and drug metabolites in the hair may represent an almost ideal tool because, according to a sound body of forensic toxicological literature, concentrations in the hair matrix reflect the chronic intake of drugs and pharmaceuticals. In this light, in the present study, a novel, specific and sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed to determine six statins and their metabolites (namely atorvastatin, (p)α‐OH‐atorvastatin‐lactone, (o)α‐OH‐atorvastatin‐lactone, rosuvastatin, N‐desmethyl rosuvastatin and pravastatin) in human hair. After optimization, the method was successfully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, stability and matrix effect. Moreover, the practical applicability of this method for verifying adherence to statin therapy was assessed by testing samples of hair collected from subjects under long‐term therapy with statins.
Evolution of the theoretical description of the isoelectric focusing experiment: I. The path from Svensson's steady‐state model to the current two‐stage model of isoelectric focusing
Authors: Vigh Gyula , Gas Bohuslav 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 1961, Svensson described isoelectric focusing (IEF), the separation of ampholytic compounds in a stationary, natural pH gradient that was formed by passing current through a sucrose density gradient‐stabilized ampholyte mixture in a constant cross‐section apparatus, free of mixing. Stable pH gradients were formed as the electrophoretic transport built up a series of isoelectric ampholyte zones—the concentration of which decreased with their distance from the electrodes—and a diffusive flux which balanced the generating electrophoretic flux. When polyacrylamide gel replaced the sucrose density gradient as the stabilizing medium, the spatial and temporal stability of Svensson's pH gradient became lost, igniting a search for the explanation and mitigation of the loss. Over time, through a series of insightful suggestions, the currently held notion emerged that in the modern IEF experiment—where the carrier ampholyte (CA) mixture is placed between the anolyte‐ and catholyte‐containing large‐volume electrode vessels (open‐system IEF)—a two‐stage process operates that comprises a rapid first phase during which a linear pH gradient develops, and a subsequent slow, second stage, during which the pH gradient decays as isotachophoretic processes move the extreme pI CAs into the electrode vessels. Here we trace the development of the two‐stage IEF model using quotes from the original publications and point out critical results that the IEF community should have embraced but missed. This manuscript sets the foundation for the companion papers, Parts 2 and 3, in which an alternative model, transient bidirectional isotachophoresis is presented to describe the open‐system IEF experiment.
Fault diagnosis analysis of combined cycle based on the structural theory of thermo‐economics
Authors: Ban Ningning , Shi Yongfeng , Zhu Qunzhi , Fan Chenghao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an improved thermo‐economic diagnosis model based on the structural theory of thermo‐economics combined with advanced exergy analysis is proposed in a combined cycle fault diagnosis model. Diagnosis model simulation of a 590 MW combined cycle unit is implemented by EBSILON Professional in terms of advanced exergy analysis method. The characteristic fault value (CFV) required for diagnosis is quantitatively presented and precisely located in the diagnosis model. The results show that with 3% performance deterioration fault of the compressor, gas turbine and intermediate pressure cylinder of the turbine, gas turbine failure leads to three times fuel consumption to the unit compared to the compressor. In contrast, multiple fault diagnosis results show that the fault value generated by each component under multiple faults is not a simple superposition of a single fault. The impact of some component faults is partially offset or increased. However, the increased fuel consumption of the whole unit under multiple faults or malfunctions must be greater than the sum of the increased fuel consumption under a single fault. CFV can effectively perform precise positioning and quantitative analysis on single and multiple fault scenarios of the combined cycle unit. In addition, CFV has strong sensitivity and changes linearly with the performance deterioration of the components, which paves the way for a reliable approach for early‐stage warning and diagnosis.
Temperature, pressure, and adsorption dependent redox potentials: III. Processes of CO conversion to value‐added compounds
Authors: Fang Siyuan , Hu Yun Hang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is a primary air pollutant and a poisonous species for human beings, animals, and some catalytic reactions. Meanwhile, CO is also a versatile feedstock in the chemical industry to produce high‐value chemicals and clean fuels, which has stimulated extensive research interests in exploiting efficient CO conversion processes. Redox potential is a key thermodynamic quantity in these processes whereas only standard reduction potentials at 25°C and 1 atm are currently available. Herein, it is the first time to report the effects of temperature (0–1000°C), pressure (1–100 atm), and adsorption on the redox potentials of 18 CO conversion reactions to form carbon dioxide, methane, straight‐chain alkanes (ethane, propane, and butane), light olefins (ethylene, propylene, and butylene), benzene, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and dimethyl ether, based on theoretical calculations. It was noticed that gas‐phase, aqueous‐phase, and adsorption‐state redox potentials decrease with increasing temperature at an increased rate while they show different responses to pressure change. Namely, gas‐phase and most aqueous‐phase redox potentials increase with pressure at a gradually declined rate, while adsorption‐state redox potentials are not influenced by pressure. Most importantly, the significant differences up to 2.06 V under varied conditions highlight the necessity of applying operando redox potentials for CO conversion reactions.
Forecasting inflation in open economies: What can a NOEM model do?
Authors: Duncan Roberto , Martínez‐García Enrique 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates the forecasting ability when inflation is viewed as an inherently global phenomenon through the lens of the workhorse New Open Economy Macro (NOEM) model. The NOEM model emphasizes the importance of cross‐country spillovers arising through trade, and its reduced form solution can be represented by a finite‐order VAR that provides a tractable model of inflation forecasting. We use Bayesian techniques to estimate this VAR specification—we name it NOEM‐BVAR—and pseudo‐out‐of‐sample forecasts to assess its forecasting performance at different horizons in a diverse set of 18 countries. On average, the NOEM‐BVAR specification produces a similar or even lower root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) than its standard competitors, which include both purely statistical models and theoretically‐based forecasting models (e.g., Phillips‐curve‐type alternatives and others with global inflation measures). In a number of cases, the gains in smaller RMSPEs are statistically significant, especially at short horizons. The NOEM‐BVAR model is also accurate in predicting the direction of change for inflation and is often better than its competitors along this dimension as well. Even though purely statistical models can be useful as prediction tools, the NOEM‐BVAR is an attractive tool among those forecasting models motivated by economic theory.
Destabilizing Predictive Copper‐Catalyzed Click Reactions by Remote Interactions with a Zinc‐Porphyrin Backbone
Authors: Trouvé Jonathan , Gramage‐Doria Rafael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to obtain new supramolecular ligands that build up around a zinc‐porphyrin scaffold, we envisioned to access sulfonyl triazole intermediates by well‐known copper‐catalyzed click reactions. Unexpectedly, these triazole intermediates do not form due to the presence of the zinc‐porphyrin moiety at close proximity of the active copper species. Indeed, the copper catalyst undergoes a different chemo‐selective reaction pathway reacting with traces of alcohols or water from the media that behave as effective nucleophiles leading to sulfonyl imidates or sulfonyl amides covalently connected to the zinc‐porphyrin. We show that copper‐catalyzed click reactions can follow different reaction mechanisms when the catalytic events occur at close proximity of a zinc‐porphyrin unit which likely acts as a Lewis acid to stabilize otherwise inaccessible reaction intermediates.
Circ‐ERBB2 knockdown sensitized colorectal cancer cells to 5‐FU via miR‐181a‐5p/PTEN/Akt pathway
Authors: Zhang Yueli , Wang Xinchun , Wang Shuyun , Liu Jia , Li Ruijia , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most deadly cancer worldwide, drug resistance impedes treatment of CRC. It is still urgent to find new molecular targets to improve the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, circ‐ERBB2 was upregulated in CRC cells. Upregulation of circ‐ERBB2 promoted CRC cells proliferation and clone formation, but inhibited apoptosis. We identified miR‐181a‐5p as circ‐ERBB2's target. The effect of miR‐181a‐5p on CRC cells was contrary to circ‐ERBB2, miR‐181a‐5p downregulation abolished the function of circ‐ERBB2 silencing in CRC cells. In addition, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was verified as miR‐181a‐5p's downstream target, circ‐ERBB2 activates the Akt pathway and inhibits cell apoptosis through modulating miR‐181a‐5p/PTEN. Circ‐ERBB2 silencing significantly reduced CRC cell resistance to 5‐FU. miR‐181a‐5p downregulation abolished the role of circ‐ERBB2 knockdown in CRC cell resistance to 5‐FU. In conclusion, upregulation of circ‐ERBB2 promoted the malignancy of CRC and reduced CRC cell resistance to 5‐FU. Besides, additional mechanism study provided a novel regulatory pathways that circ‐ERBB2 knockdown promoted CRC cell sensitivity to 5‐FU by regulating miR‐181a‐5p/PTEN/Akt pathway. This research indicated that circ‐ERBB2 may be a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes dysfunction contributes to PARP‐1‐dependent cell death under oxidative stress in retinal precursor cells
Authors: Yang Yuting , Wu Jihong , Lu Wei , Dai Yiqin , Zhang Youjia , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPersistent poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP‐1) activation has proven detrimental and can lead to PARP‐1‐dependent cell death. Mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) serve as essential hubs for many biological pathways, such as autophagy and mitochondria fission and fusion. This study aimed to alleviate the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced persistent PARP‐1 activation and MAM dysregulation by the usage of a PARP‐1 inhibitor. Results showed that receptor‐interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 inhibitor (necrostatin‐1) and PARP‐1 inhibitor (olaparib) protected retinal precursor cells from H2O2‐induced death, while a pan‐caspase inhibitor (Z‐VAD‐FMK) failed to protect R28 cells. Olaparib also alleviated H2O2‐induced MAM dysregulation, as evidenced by decreased VDAC1/ITPR3 interactions and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. Additionally, olaparib also inhibited H2O2‐induced autophagy. Inhibiting autophagic flux increased MAM signaling under both normal and oxidative conditions. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment caused a reduction in the protein level of mitofusin‐2 (MFN2) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Mfn2 knockdown was found to further magnify MAM dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction under normal and oxidative conditions. Mfn2 overexpression surprisingly enhanced H2O2‐induced MAM signaling and failed to rescue H2O2‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These results indicate that MAMs probably serve as a membrane source for oxidative stress‐associated autophagy. MAM dysregulation also contributed to H2O2‐induced PARP‐1‐dependent cell death. However, more studies are required to decipher the link between the modulation of Mfn2 expression, changes in MAM integrity, and alterations in mitochondrial performances.
Ultrasound imaging in thyroid nodule diagnosis, therapy, and follow‐up: Current status and future trends
Authors: Boers Tim , Braak Sicco J. , Rikken Nicole E. T. , Versluis Michel , Manohar Srirang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltrasound, the primary imaging modality in thyroid nodule management, suffers from drawbacks including: high inter‐ and intra‐observer variability, limited field‐of‐view and limited functional imaging. Developments in ultrasound technologies are taking place to overcome these limitations, including three‐dimensional‐Doppler, ‐elastography, ‐nodule characteristics‐extraction, and novel machine‐learning algorithms. For thyroid ablative treatments and biopsies, perioperative use of three‐dimensional ultrasound opens a new field of research. This review provides an overview of the current and future applications of ultrasound, and discusses the potential of new developments and trends that may improve the diagnosis, therapy, and follow‐up of thyroid nodules.
Baricitinib or imatinib in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: Results from COVINIB, an exploratory randomized clinical trial
Authors: Morales‐Ortega Alejandro , Farfán‐Sedano Ana Isabel , San Martín‐López Juan Víctor , Escribá‐Bárcena Almudena , Jaenes‐Barrios Beatriz , Madroñal‐Cerezo Elena , Llarena‐Barroso Cristina , Mesa‐Plaza Nieves , Frutos‐Pérez Begoña , Ruiz‐Giardín José Manuel , Duarte‐Millán Miguel Ángel , Piedrabuena‐García Sara Isabel , Carpintero‐García Lorena , Canalejo‐Castrillero Eduardo , Mora‐Hernández Belén , García‐Parra Carlos Javier , Magro‐García Héctor Agustín , Algaba‐García Alicia , Hernández‐Muniesa Belén , Nasarre‐López Berta , Ontañón‐Nasarre Ana , Domínguez‐García María Jesús , Gómez‐Santos Dulce , Prieto‐Menchero Santiago , García de Tena Jaime , Bermejo Fernando , García‐Gil Mario , Gonzalo‐Pascua Sonia , Bernal‐Bello David ,   the COVINIB Study Group investigators
Published: January 2023

AbstractBaricitinib and imatinib are considered therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), but their ultimate clinical impact remains to be elucidated, so our objective is to determine whether these kinase inhibitors provide benefit when added to standard care in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Phase‐2, open‐label, randomized trial with a pick‐the‐winner design conducted from September 2020 to June 2021 in a single Spanish center. Hospitalized adults with COVID‐19 pneumonia and a symptom duration ≤10 days were assigned to 3 arms: imatinib (400 mg qd, 7 days) plus standard‐care, baricitinib (4 mg qd, 7 days) plus standard‐care, or standard‐care alone. Primary outcome was time to clinical improvement (discharge alive or a reduction of 2 points in an ordinal scale of clinical status) compared on a day‐by‐day basis to identify differences ≥15% between the most and least favorable groups. Secondary outcomes included oxygenation and ventilatory support requirements, additional therapies administered, all‐cause mortality, and safety. One hundred and sixty‐five patients analyzed. Predefined criteria for selection of the most advantageous arm were met for baricitinib, but not for imatinib. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in formal analysis, but a trend toward better results in patients receiving baricitinib was found compared to standard care alone (hazard ratio [HR] for clinical improvement: 1.41, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.96−2.06; HR for discontinuing oxygen: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.94−2.28). No differences were found regarding additional therapies administered or safety. Baricitinib plus standard care showed better results for hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, being the most advantageous therapeutic strategy among those proposed in this exploratory clinical trial.
Colchicine and risk of hospitalization due to COVID‐19: A population‐based study
Authors: Sáenz‐Aldea María , Salgado‐Barreira Ángel , Taracido Trunk Margarita , Piñeiro‐Lamas María , Herdeiro Maria T. , Portela‐Romero Manuel , Saez Marc , Figueiras Adolfo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractColchicine is one of the most widely studied and best‐known anti‐inflammatory treatments. This study aimed to assess the effect of colchicine on risk of hospitalization due to COVID‐19; and its effect on susceptibility to and severity of the virus in patients with COVID‐19. We carried out a population‐based case‐control study. The following groups were applied: (1) to assess risk of hospitalization, cases were patients with a positive PCR who were hospitalized due to COVID‐19, and controls without a positive PCR; (2) to assess susceptibility to COVID‐19, cases were patients with a positive PCR (hospitalized and non‐hospitalized), and the same controls; (3) to determine potential severity, cases were subjects with COVID‐19 hospitalized, and controls patients with COVID‐19 nonhospitalised. Different electronic, linked, administrative health and clinical databases were used to extract data on sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, and medications dispensed. The study covered 3060 subjects with a positive PCR who were hospitalized, 26 757 with a positive PCR who were not hospitalized, and 56 785 healthy controls. After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, comorbidities and other treatments, colchicine did not modify risk of hospitalization due to COVID‐19 (adjusted odd ratio [OR] 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76−1.53]), patients' susceptibility to contracting the disease (adjusted OR 1.12 (95% CI 0.91−1.37)) or the severity of the infection (adjusted OR 1.03 [95% CI 0.67−1.59]). Our results would neither support the prophylactic use of colchicine for prevention of the infection or hospitalization in any type of patient, nor justify the withdrawal of colchicine treatment due to a higher risk of contracting COVID‐19.
Impact of sea ice cover shrinkage on the atmospheric conditions in mid and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Jędruszkiewicz Joanna , Wibig Joanna , Piotrowski Piotr 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe found substantial differences in the atmospheric response to sea ice area (SIA) loss depending on sectors and seasons. In the Eurasian sector, the highest SIA reduction occurred in the last 15 years, whereas in the American sector, single years of low SIA were also observed in the last two decades of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. For years of the lowest SIA in the Eurasian sector, the strong warming in the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS) and cooling in central Asia is created, giving rise to the Warm Arctic Cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern development. The enhancement of high‐pressure centre over Asia and the formation of Ural Blocking follows these anomalies. After the low SIA in May–June in the Eurasian sector, in summer, the very strong Greenland Blocking is created, reaching the North Pole and the whole of Eurasia (only in August), increasing in magnitude with altitude, which gives much warmer conditions in the North American high‐latitude region (NAH), BKS, and Europe. For the years of the lowest SIA in the American sector, the Pacific High is much more developed and extended in the entire vertical profile. This strong positive anomaly brings colder weather in Alaska and the western United States. It is most apparent after low SIA in summer and autumn and is probably due to significant changes in sea ice cover over the Chukchi Sea during that time. At the same time, the Aleutian Low is deepened in the Kamchatka neighbourhood.
Unintentional macular injury following high‐energy cosmetic laser calibration
Authors: Jbara Dean , Tiuseco Karen , Azar Domit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnwelcome hair has become a significant issue encountered in our society by young people, particularly young women. Hair removal has been achieved through various methods, both mechanical, with intense pulse light therapy and laser photoablation of hair follicles using various energy delivery systems. There is a relative paucity of clinical trials comparing the safety and efficacy of various hair removal modalities. A comparative study between alexandrite, diode, and intense pulsed light (IPL) was conducted and found similar safety profile across all three modalities. Several adverse effects have been noted as a result of this therapy. Laser‐assisted hair removal can lead to ocular anterior segment and/or retinal injury. A laser beam directed toward the eye may easily penetrate both the eyelid or the cornea and cause catastrophic ocular injury. Unfortunately, regulation and licensing of the use of laser‐assisted hair removal devices has not yet been well elucidated nor standardized across Australia. There are few cases in the literature reporting retinal burns following inadvertent laser injury, with even fewer directly involving the macula. We report a case of unilateral anterior uveitis and a macular defect following inadvertent laser exposure, leading to photophobia and pain, and reduced visual acuity.
Assembled Morphology of Copper‐Thiourea Coordination‐Mediated Metallo‐Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyang , Chen Senbin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMetallo‐supramolecular polymers represent a powerful platform to construct self‐assembled morphologies. Copper‐thiourea (Cu‐TU) coordination interactions, though have been extensively studied in small molecular system, the role of TU motifs in synthetic polymers using metal–ligand coordination to afford supramolecular aggregation and their morphology are often overlooked. Herein, an amphiphilic random copolymer, poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) ethyl acrylate‐r‐acylthiourea) (P(OEGEA‐r‐ATU)), bearing pendant TU motifs behaving as the ligand to coordinate Cu, a design characterized by core‐coordinated metallo‐supramolecular polymer is rationally synthesized. Indeed, rod‐like nano‐objects are successfully generated via the self‐assembly and coordination interaction between P(OEGEA‐r‐ATU) and Cu. The spatial distribution of TU moieties in polymer chain, along with their Cu chelating capability, featuring the interchain coordination interaction, is tightly related to metallo‐supramolecular polymer organization. The specific Cu‐TU coordination interactions enable the prompted robustness and stability of soft P(OEGEA‐r‐ATU), induce the polymer chain configuration, which eventually furnish efficient fabrication of rod‐like nano‐objects via straightforward nanoprecipitation procedure. These structural motifs of copper‐coordinated, rod‐like nano‐objects from such metallo‐supramolecular polymers endow the potential therapeutic properties, such as anti‐inflammatory and antitumor effects.