bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine Bacteroidetes enzymatically digest xylans from terrestrial plants
Authors: Dutschei Theresa , Beidler Irena , Bartosik Daniel , Seeßelberg Julia‐Maria , Teune Michelle , Bäumgen Marcus , Ferreira Soraia Querido , Heldmann Julia , Nagel Felix , Krull Joris , Berndt Leona , Methling Karen , Hein Martin , Becher Dörte , Langer Peter , Delcea Mihaela , Lalk Michael , Lammers Michael , Höhne Matthias , Hehemann Jan‐Hendrik , Schweder Thomas , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMarine Bacteroidetes that degrade polysaccharides contribute to carbon cycling in the ocean. Organic matter, including glycans from terrestrial plants, might enter the oceans through rivers. Whether marine bacteria degrade structurally related glycans from diverse sources including terrestrial plants and marine algae was previously unknown. We show that the marine bacterium Flavimarina sp. Hel_I_48 encodes two polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) which degrade xylans from terrestrial plants and marine algae. Biochemical experiments revealed activity and specificity of the encoded xylanases and associated enzymes of these PULs. Proteomics indicated that these genomic regions respond to glucuronoxylans and arabinoxylans. Substrate specificities of key enzymes suggest dedicated metabolic pathways for xylan utilization. Some of the xylanases were active on different xylans with the conserved β‐1,4‐linked xylose main chain. Enzyme activity was consistent with growth curves showing Flavimarina sp. Hel_I_48 uses structurally different xylans. The observed abundance of related xylan‐degrading enzyme repertoires in genomes of other marine Bacteroidetes indicates similar activities are common in the ocean. The here presented data show that certain marine bacteria are genetically and biochemically variable enough to access parts of structurally diverse xylans from terrestrial plants as well as from marine algal sources.
Gender and Mutual Fund Liquidity
Authors: Sehrish Saba , Naeem Muhammad Abubakr , Karim Sitara , Yarovaya Larisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine whether US mutual funds managed by females have a higher portfolio liquidity than those of their male counterparts. Single female managers’ holdings are 8–25% more liquid than those of single‐male‐managed funds. When there is a transition from a male to a female manager, fund holdings liquidity increases compared with a male to male transition. The findings are consistent with the risk‐averse and conservative decision‐making behaviour of female managers. We do not find evidence to support the excessive trading hypothesis that predicts a higher portfolio liquidity for overconfident male fund managers. Our findings add to growing evidence that gender affects professionals’ investment choices.
Nutrient retention in tile‐fed and non‐tile reconstructed oxbows in north central Iowa
Authors: Pierce Sophie , Schilling Keith E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNutrient export from the agricultural Midwest threatens the Gulf of Mexico and new conservation practices are needed to reduce the loss of nutrient from subsurface tile drainage systems. Oxbows are natural waterbodies formed when a river cuts off a meander loop and water quality benefits of reconstructed oxbows are being increasingly recognized. In this study, we monitored four reconstructed oxbow sites (two tile‐fed, two non‐tile) over a 2‐year period in north‐central Iowa and assessed their capacity for NO3‐N and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) reductions. Water flow and quality monitoring of tiles, shallow groundwater, oxbow and receiving streams documented that the oxbows were dominated by tile drainage inputs. NO3‐N concentrations were highest in the drainage tiles flowing into the tile‐fed oxbows (mean 8–10 mg/L) and much lower in floodplain groundwater (<1–2 mg/L). Annual NO3‐N loads into the tile‐fed oxbows were substantially larger than input loads into the non‐tiled oxbows. For the two tile‐fed oxbows, the 2‐year NO3‐N retention efficiencies were very similar (0.76–0.77) and on a monthly basis, greater retention efficiencies were measured in summer and fall. DRP concentrations and loads into the tile‐fed oxbows were too low to allow for meaningful estimates of retention. Reconstructing oxbows to receive tile drainage water should be considered a sustainable conservation practice for tile drainage treatment in agricultural areas.
Metabololipidomic and proteomic profiling reveals aberrant macrophage activation and interrelated immunomodulatory mediator release during aging
Authors: Schädel Patrick , Czapka Anna , Gebert Nadja , Jacobsen Ilse Denise , Ori Alessandro , Werz Oliver 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMacrophages adapt distinct pro‐inflammatory (M1‐like) and pro‐resolving (M2‐like) phenotypes with specific tasks in the immune response and tissue homeostasis. Altered macrophage responses with age are causative for unresolved inflammation, so‐called inflammaging, and lead to higher infection susceptibility with unfavorable progression. Here, we reveal molecular determinants of age‐related changes in phenotypic functions of murine peritoneal macrophages (PM) by employing comprehensive mass spectrometry‐based proteomics (4746 protein groups) and metabololipidomics (>40 lipid mediators). Divergent expression of various macrophage‐specific marker proteins and signaling pathways indicates aberrant PM phenotypes in old mice which detrimentally impact their capabilities to release immunomodulatory chemokines and cytokines. We show that aging strikingly compromises the polarization process of macrophages to adapt either pro‐inflammatory or pro‐resolving phenotypes, thereby yielding aberrant and afunctional macrophage subtypes that cannot be readily assigned to either a typical M1 or M2 phenotype. In particular, the phenotypic adaptation of the bacteria‐challenged metabololipidome in macrophages related to inflammation is severely limited by age, which persists across ex vivo polarization towards M1 and M2a macrophages. Our results establish distinct age‐associated PM phenotypes outside of the simplified M1 and M2 dichotomy and challenge the dogma of increased pro‐inflammatory macrophage pre‐activation due to aging by revealing maladaptive functions throughout all phases of inflammation, including resolution.
Unregistered pesticides: Prevalence, risks, and responses in Mali
Authors: Haggblade Steven , Keita Naman , Traoré Abdramane , Traoré Pierre , Diarra Amadou , Thériault Véronique 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImproved agricultural inputs—including seeds, fertilizer, and pest control products—are necessary for raising farm productivity in Africa. Yet, in many locations, variable input quality and a proliferation of unregistered brands make product selection and calibration of optimal dosages difficult for farmers. Unregistered pesticides pose two specific quality problems: frequent underdosage and, in some cases, inclusion of banned substances. In response to widespread farmer complaints, this study estimates the prevalence of unregistered pesticide products by conducting a detailed survey of agricultural input retailers in 10 major agricultural markets across Mali. The article explores resulting risks and responses by private and public sector stakeholders through structured interviews with key informants in those same markets. The findings suggest widespread sales of low‐cost, unregistered pesticides. In the 10 markets surveyed, unregistered products accounted for 26% of total pesticide volumes sold, posing risks to farmers, traders, and the environment. In response, farmer support groups and pesticide trade associations have begun to fight back through education and awareness campaigns, agro‐input dealer training, farmer outreach, and in some cases, joint bulk procurement. To reinforce these initiatives, the survey results suggest two low‐cost indicators for spatially targeting regulatory enforcement efforts.
The psychology and social dynamics of fetal sex prognostication in China: Evidence from historical data
Authors: Hong Ze , Zinin Sergey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFetal sex prognostication has been a common practice in many human societies, yet most of the prognosticative methods do not perform better than chance. Why do these ineffective prognostication practices recur across societies and persist for long periods of time? In this article, we use historical texts of four different genres in traditional China (oracle bone inscriptions, dynastic history, encyclopedia, and local gazetteers) to examine the social and cognitive factors that lead to the overestimation of the predictive accuracy of sex prognostication and place fetal sex prognostication into a more general framework to understand the persistence of ineffective cultural practices. In particular, we present a detailed historical analysis showing that individuals often entertain considerable uncertainty regarding the accuracy of sex prognostication and quantitative data demonstrating a significant bias toward selectively reporting successes in (fictionalized) historical texts. We conclude by discussing how such reporting bias combined with humans’ imperfect information processing may help explain the persistence of ineffective technologies, such as divination, and magic in general.
Effect of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism on the lipid response to statins in people living with HIV on a boosted protease inhibitor‐containing regimen
Authors: Marzolini Catia , Cavassini Matthias , Braun Dominique L. , Hachfeld Anna , Bernasconi Enos , Calmy Alexandra , Schmid Patrick , Battegay Manuel , Elzi Luigia ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: April 2023

AimsWe previously observed that some individuals on HIV boosted protease inhibitor‐containing regimen do not achieve their lipid targets despite elevated statin concentrations. This study evaluated whether the common single polymorphism c.521T>C in SLCO1B1, associated with reduced statin uptake in the liver, could explain this observation.MethodsPeople living with HIV in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study were eligible if they were on a boosted protease inhibitor concomitantly with a statin for at least 6 months and if their SLCO1B1 genotype was available. Furthermore, their lipids had to be documented before and after the introduction of the statin. The statin efficacy was defined as % change in total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol and triglycerides levels after statin initiation compared to pretreatment levels. Lipid response was adjusted for differences in potency and dose between statins.ResultsIn total, 88 people living with HIV were included, of whom 58, 28 and 2 carried the SLCO1B1 TT, TC and CC genotypes, respectively. The change in lipid levels after statin initiation tended to be lower in carriers of the polymorphism although the difference was not statistically significant (TT vs. TC/CC: total cholesterol: −11.7 vs. −4.8%; low‐density lipoprotein– cholesterol: −20.6 vs. −7.4%; high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol: 1.6 vs. 0%; triglycerides: −11.5 vs. −7.9%). In the multiple linear regression, change in total cholesterol was inversely correlated with the total cholesterol level prestatin treatment (coefficient −6.60, 95% confidence interval: −9.63 to −3.56, P < .001).ConclusionThe lipid‐lowering effect of statins tended to be attenuated by SLCO1B1 polymorphism and progressively declined as total cholesterol under the boosted protease inhibitor treatment decreased.
The effect of vitamin C on nitroglycerin‐mediated vasodilation in individuals with and without the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphism
Authors: He Jerry D. , Parker John D. 
Published: April 2023

AimsTo mediate its pharmacodynamic effects, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) requires bioactivation, by which it releases nitric oxide or a nitric oxide moiety. The exact mechanism of GTN bioactivation remains uncertain. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH‐2) has been proposed as the primary enzyme responsible for this bioactivation process. Evidence for the importance of ALDH‐2 in GTN bioactivation has been inconsistent, particularly in human models. An alternative hypothesis suggests that decreased ALDH‐2 activity leads to accumulation of reactive cytotoxic aldehydes, which either inhibit the vasoactive product(s) of GTN or impair other enzymatic pathways involved in the bioactivation of GTN. We investigated the effect of supplemental vitamin C on vascular responses to GTN in healthy volunteers of East Asian descent, of whom 12 with and 12 without the ALDH‐2 polymorphism participated.MethodsSubjects underwent 2 sequential brachial artery infusions of GTN at rates of 5, 11 and 22 nmol/min, separated by a 30‐min washout period. The GTN infusions were carried out in the presence and absence of vitamin C using a randomized, crossover design. Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to measure forearm blood flow responses to GTN.ResultsCompared to subjects with functional ALDH‐2, the variant group exhibited blunted hemodynamic responses to intra‐arterial GTN infusions, although this reduction in response was not statically significant. Contrary to our hypothesis, vitamin C had an inhibitory effect on GTN mediated vasodilation as compared to GTN during saline in both groups.ConclusionWe conclude that vitamin C did not augment the acute vascular response to GTN in those with the ALDH‐2 polymorphism.
Using seconds‐resolved pharmacokinetic datasets to assess pharmacokinetic models encompassing time‐varying physiology
Authors: McDonough Matthew H. , Stocker Sophie L. , Kippin Tod E. , Meiring Wendy , Plaxco Kevin W. 
Published: April 2023

AimPharmacokinetics have historically been assessed using drug concentration data obtained via blood draws and bench‐top analysis. The cumbersome nature of these typically constrains studies to at most a dozen concentration measurements per dosing event. This, in turn, limits our statistical power in the detection of hours‐scale, time‐varying physiological processes. Given the recent advent of in vivo electrochemical aptamer‐based (EAB) sensors, however, we can now obtain hundreds of concentration measurements per administration. Our aim in this paper was to assess the ability of these time‐dense datasets to describe time‐varying pharmacokinetic models with good statistical significance.MethodsWe used seconds‐resolved measurements of plasma tobramycin concentrations in rats to statistically compare traditional one‐ and two‐compartmental pharmacokinetic models to new models in which the proportional relationship between a drug's plasma concentration and its elimination rate varies in response to changing kidney function.ResultsWe found that a modified one‐compartment model in which the proportionality between the plasma concentration of tobramycin and its elimination rate falls reciprocally with time either meets or is preferred over the standard two‐compartment pharmacokinetic model for half of the datasets characterized. When we reduced the impact of the drug's rapid distribution phase on the model, this one‐compartment, time‐varying model was statistically preferred over the standard one‐compartment model for 80% of our datasets.ConclusionsOur results highlight both the impact that simple physiological changes (such as varying kidney function) can have on drug pharmacokinetics and the ability of high‐time resolution EAB sensor measurements to identify such impacts.
Minimizing prescribing errors: A phenomenological exploration of the views and experiences of independent prescribing pharmacists
Authors: Roberts Joshua , Jaam Myriam , Paudyal Vibhu , Hadi Muhammad Abdul 
Published: April 2023

AimsThis study aims to explore the views and experiences of independent prescribing (IP) pharmacists regarding prescribing errors and strategies to mitigate errors in practice.MethodsOne‐to‐one online semi‐structured interviews were conducted with IP pharmacists across the United Kingdom. Verbatim transcripts of the interview were generated and coded using NVivo® 12 software for thematic analysis. A mixed inductive and deductive approach was used to generate themes and sub‐themes which were then mapped onto the framework of factors that influence clinical practice proposed by Vincent et al.ResultsA total of 14 interviews were conducted. Participants linked the risk‐averse nature of a pharmacist, self‐perception of their roles as medicines experts, and previous experience of keeping checks on doctors' prescriptions as a dispenser often made them feel confident in prescribing. However, lacking adequate diagnostic skills, inadequate prescribing training programmes, and dealing with complex patients often made them feel vulnerable to committing errors. Organizational and system‐related factors such as work interruptions and increased workload were identified as other factors linked to prescribing errors.ConclusionsIndependent prescribing pharmacists use a variety of strategies to reduce the risk of prescribing errors. Promoting diagnostic competency in their area of practice, strengthening undergraduate and prescribing curricula, and addressing known organizational and system‐related factors linked to prescribing errors can minimize errors and promote patient safety.
Resilience and distress among young adults with chronic health conditions: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wright Erika , Elliott Timothy R. , Kwok Oi‐Man , Zhang Qiyue , Spooner Mikaela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo test the beneficial associations of a resilient personality prototype among emerging adults with chronic health conditions (CHC) over an 8‐year period.DesignLongitudinal, prospective observation study.MethodsData obtained from emerging adults in the Add Health project with a CHC and completed study measures at two time points (286 men, 459 women) were examined. Cluster analysis was used to identify a resilient personality prototype at the first time point, as defined in the Block model of personality. Differences between those with a resilient and non‐resilient prototype were examined. A structural equation model (SEM) tested the association of a resilience prototype with positive affect, perceived control and family relationships in predicting distress over time.ResultsA resilient personality profile was identified (n = 256). These individuals reported higher positive affect, greater perceived control and less distress at both measurement occasions than those without this profile (n = 489). Women reported more distress than men. SEM revealed the relationship of a resilient prototype to distress was explained by its beneficial association with positive affect and perceived control at the first assessment, and through its beneficial association with perceived control 8 years later. Gender independently predicted distress.ConclusionsA resilient personality prototype appears to operate through its beneficial association with perceived control to prospectively predict distress reported by emerging adults with CHC. The self‐regulatory properties theoretically associated with a resilient personality prototype may function through perceptions of control which, in turn, prevent prolonged experiences of distress. Clinical implications are considered.
Efficacy and accuracy of artificial intelligence to overlay multimodal images from different optical instruments in patients with retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Yassin Shaden H. , Wang Yiqian , Freeman William R. , Heinke Anna , Walker Evan , Nguyen Truong , Bartsch Dirk‐Uwe G. , An Cheolhong , Borooah Shyamanga 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) represents a group of progressive, genetically heterogenous blinding diseases. Recently, relationships between measures of retinal function and structure are needed to help identify outcome measures or biomarkers for clinical trials. The ability to align retinal multimodal images, taken on different platforms, will allow better understanding of this relationship. We investigate the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) in overlaying different multimodal retinal images in RP patients.MethodsWe overlayed infrared images from microperimetry on near‐infra‐red images from scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in RP patients using manual alignment and AI. The AI adopted a two‐step framework and was trained on a separate dataset. Manual alignment was performed using in‐house software that allowed labelling of six key points located at vessel bifurcations. Manual overlay was considered successful if the distance between same key points on the overlayed images was ≤1/2°.ResultsFifty‐seven eyes of 32 patients were included in the analysis. AI was significantly more accurate and successful in aligning images compared to manual alignment as confirmed by linear mixed‐effects modelling (p < 0.001).A receiver operating characteristic analysis, used to compute the area under the curve of the AI (0.991) and manual (0.835) Dice coefficients in relation to their respective ‘truth’ values, found AI significantly more accurate in the overlay (p < 0.001).ConclusionAI was significantly more accurate than manual alignment in overlaying multimodal retinal imaging in RP patients and showed the potential to use AI algorithms for future multimodal clinical and research applications.
Self‐reported allergy to penicillin and clindamycin administration may be risk factors for dental implant failure: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and delabeling protocol
Authors: Edibam Naushad R. , Lorenzo‐Pouso Alejandro I. , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveGrowing evidence is highlighting the inefficacy of clindamycin as an effective substitute to amoxicillin in patients self‐reporting a penicillin allergy. The hypothesis is that implant failure is higher in these patients, when compared to patients receiving penicillin. To test this hypothesis, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was undertaken and a protocol for delabeling penicillin allergic patients was presented.Materials and MethodsA systematic review was undertaken by searching across three different databases, namely PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.ResultsOut of 572 results, four studies were eligible to be included. Fixed‐effects meta‐analysis showed a higher number of failed implants in patients who were administered clindamycin, because of a self‐reported allergy to penicillin. Results showed that these patients are over three times more likely (OR = 3.30, 95% C.I. 2.58–4.22,p‐value < .00001) to undergo implant failure with an average cumulative proportion of 11.0% (95% C.I. 3.5–22.0%) versus 3.8% (95% C.I. 1.2–7.7%) of patients not requiring clindamycin and administered amoxicillin. A protocol for penicillin allergy delabeling is proposed.ConclusionsCurrent evidence is still limited and based on retrospective observational studies, it is difficult to state if penicillin allergy, clindamycin administration or a combination of both is responsible for the current trends and reported findings.