bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the impact of the number of family generations on intergenerational support for centenarians: a study in a Chinese ‘longevity city’
Authors: Shen Chen , Wang Dan‐Ni , Gao Xing‐Xing , Zhao Rui , Dong Chen , Gu Zhi‐Feng , Gao Jian‐Lin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAs a natural source of support for the elderly, the family is an important channel for achieving a sense of security, happiness, and worthiness in old age. In this study, we analysed the characteristics of intergenerational support in families of centenarians and explored the impact of the number of family generations on intergenerational support.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey between April 2020 and January 2021 among 62 elderly people aged 99+ in Rugao, China, one of six ‘longevity cities’ in the world. Assisted by the researchers, centenarians completed questionnaires with details pertaining to general demographics, intergenerational support, and other aspects. We used a logistic regression model to analyse the influence of the number of family generations on intergenerational support that the centenarians received with respect to economic, living, and emotional aspects.ResultsCentenarians were primarily recipients of care in their families, and received intergenerational support mainly for their declined physical functions and limited self‐care ability. The study results revealed that the greater the number of generations comprising the family, the greater was the intergenerational life care and emotional comfort provided for centenarians by the family.ConclusionsIn this study, we found a positive effect of the number of family generations on intergenerational support for centenarians. The government and society should promote the tradition of respecting, caring for, and honouring the elderly while paying close attention to the dynamic changes in the family structure of centenarians in promoting high‐quality and sustainable development of the people, economy, and society.
How unilateral tariffs harm workers under oligopoly
Authors: Rudsinske Jonas F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractI study import tariffs in an asymmetric general oligopolistic equilibrium trade model. Their anti‐competitive effect reduces labour demand because firms want to shorten supply. Unilaterally increasing the import tariff raises domestic welfare at the foreign country's expense, but comes at the cost of favouring profit recipients as compared to workers, whose real wages fall. Only if initial tariffs are low, the tariff‐increasing government could use its rising tariff revenue to neutralise the distributional effect or the negative effect on workers. If supporting workers is the policy objective, tariffs do not appear to be a suitable tool under oligopoly.
The added value of ferritin levels and genetic markers for the prediction of haemoglobin deferral
Authors: Vinkenoog Marieke , Toivonen Jarkko , van Leeuwen Matthijs , Janssen Mart P. , Arvas Mikko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOn‐site haemoglobin deferral for blood donors is sometimes necessary for donor health but demotivating for donors and inefficient for the blood bank. Deferral rates could be reduced by accurately predicting donors' haemoglobin status before they visit the blood bank. Although such predictive models have been published, there is ample room for improvement in predictive performance. We aim to assess the added value of ferritin levels or genetic markers as predictor variables in haemoglobin deferral prediction models.Materials and MethodsSupport vector machines with and without this information (the full and reduced model, respectively) are compared in Finland and the Netherlands. Genetic markers are available in the Finnish data and ferritin levels in the Dutch data.ResultsAlthough there is a clear association between haemoglobin deferral and both ferritin levels and several genetic markers, predictive performance increases only marginally with their inclusion as predictors. The recall of deferrals increases from 68.6% to 69.9% with genetic markers and from 79.7% to 80.0% with ferritin levels included. Subgroup analyses show that the added value of these predictors is higher in specific subgroups, for example, for donors with minor alleles on single‐nucleotide polymorphism 17:58358769, recall of deferral increases from 73.3% to 93.3%.ConclusionIncluding ferritin levels or genetic markers in haemoglobin deferral prediction models improves predictive performance. The increase in overall performance is small but may be substantial for specific subgroups. We recommend including this information as predictor variables when available, but not to collect it for this purpose only.
Long‐term monitoring of the microbial quality and Legionnaires' disease risk in tap water from mass catering establishments
Authors: Ay Murat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLegionnaires' disease is caused by Legionella (L.) pneumophila. Inhaling aerosolized water containing this bacteria is the most common transmission route. Shower heads used in the catering industry's dishwashing units are also potential amplifying systems for bacteria and possible sources of infection by generating droplets and aerosols. Therefore, these systems should not contain pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to monitor the microbial quality, Legionnaires' disease risk and L. pneumophila presence in tap water samples from the water outlet of the shower‐type dishwashing unit of mass catering establishments for a year. Seventy‐two tap water samples were microbiologically tested for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count, coliform, Escherichia (E.) coli and L. pneumophila. DNA was isolated from L. pneumophila‐positive samples, and their serogroup was characterized by real‐time PCR. The correlation between seasonal variation and prevalence of L. pneumophila serogroup and L. pneumophila and other indicator bacteria were statistically tested by Spearman rank test (p < 0.05). Findings showed that 17 (24%) samples had microbial growth, 14 (19.4%) were positive for L. pneumophila and 13 isolates were characterized as L. pneumophila serogroup 1. The statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between seasonal variation (p = 0.491) and L. pneumophila and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count, coliform and E. coli (p = 0.923). Overall, Legionella spp. is an essential indicator of the microbial quality in the tap water from mass catering establishments and should be regularly monitored for public health independently from seasonal variation and other indicator bacteria.
Protective Biology and Engineering
Authors: Liu Shu Q. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Protective biology and engineering are an integrated discipline aiming to understand the naturally occurring protective mechanisms established through an evolution in response to environmental insults and genetic defects (protective biology), and develop and use engineering strategies and technologies to optimize protective processes against cell death in injury and disease based on the naturally occurring protective mechanisms (protective engineering). There exist systems protective mechanisms in mammals, including regional mechanisms activated in a disordered organ and distant mechanisms in non-disordered organs, both acting in coordination to support cell survival and prevent cell death in the disordered organ. However, these mechanisms are not all optimized for promptness and effectiveness. Protective engineering strategies can be developed and used to correct natural deficiencies and optimize protective mechanisms. This paper addresses the fundamental concepts and potential protective engineering strategies by using two examples of diseases—heart attack and ischemic stroke, leading causes of human morbidity and mortality.
New boronate drugs and evolving NDM-mediated beta-lactam resistance
Authors: Lomovskaya Olga , Tsivkovski Ruslan , Totrov Maxim , Dressel Dana , Castanheira Mariana , Dudley Michael 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Taniborbactam and xeruborbactam are dual serine-/metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) based on a cyclic boronic acid pharmacophore that undergo clinical development. Recent report demonstrated that New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-9 (differs from NDM-1 by a single amino acid substitution, E152K, evolved to overcome Zn (II) deprivation) is resistant to inhibition by taniborbactam constituting pre-existing taniborbactam resistance mechanism. Using microbiological and biochemical experiments, we show that xeruborbactam is capable of inhibiting NDM-9 and propose the structural basis for differences between two BLIs.
Defining early steps in
Bacillus subtilis
biofilm biosynthesis
Authors: Arbour Christine A. , Nagar Rupa , Bernstein Hannah M. , Ghosh Soumi , Al-Sammarraie Yusra , Dorfmueller Helge C. , Ferguson Michael A. J. , Stanley-Wall Nicola R. , Imperiali Barbara 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

The
Bacillus subtilis
extracellular biofilm matrix includes an exopolysaccharide (EPS) that is critical for the architecture and function of the community. To date, our understanding of the biosynthetic machinery and the molecular composition of the EPS of
B. subtilis
remains unclear and incomplete. This report presents synergistic biochemical and genetic studies built from a foundation of comparative sequence analyses targeted at elucidating the activities of the first two membrane-committed steps in the EPS biosynthetic pathway. By taking this approach, we determined the nucleotide sugar donor and lipid-linked acceptor substrates for the first two enzymes in the
B. subtilis
biofilm EPS biosynthetic pathway. EpsL catalyzes the first phosphoglycosyl transferase step using uridine diphosphate (UDP)-di-
N
-acetyl bacillosamine as phospho-sugar donor. EpsD is a predicted GT-B fold (GT4 family) retaining glycosyl transferase that catalyzes the second step in the pathway that utilizes the product of EpsL as an acceptor substrate and UDP-
N
-acetyl glucosamine as the sugar donor. Thus, the study defines the first two monosaccharides at the reducing end of the growing EPS unit. In doing so, we provide the first evidence of the presence of bacillosamine in an EPS synthesized by a Gram-positive bacterium.

IMPORTANCE

Biofilms are the communal way of life that microbes adopt to increase survival. Key to our ability to systematically promote or ablate biofilm formation is a detailed understanding of the biofilm matrix macromolecules. Here, we identify the first two essential steps in the
Bacillus subtilis
biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis pathway. Together, our studies and approaches provide the foundation for the sequential characterization of the steps in EPS biosynthesis, using prior steps to enable chemoenzymatic synthesis of the undecaprenyl diphosphate-linked glycan substrates.
On fuzzification and optimization problems of clustering indices
Authors: Sope Devi Rahmah , Mitsuhiko Fujio 
Published: August 2023

Results of clustering are qualitatively evaluated by quantities called clustering indices. While many clustering indices are proposed, in B. Desgraupes [Clustering Indices (2016)], Desgraupes reviewed 27 indices, most of which are applicable only to crisp clustering and only one of which is applicable to fuzzy clustering. In the previous article [D. R. Sope and M. Fujio, On a fuzzification of clustering indices, in Proc. Fuzzy System Symposium of the Japan Intelligent Information Fuzzy Society, Vol. 35 (2002), pp. 443–448], the authors gazed on analytic 3 indices among them and modified them to fit fuzzy clustering by regarding the membership degrees as distribution functions of objects over clusters. In this paper, this method called fuzzification, is applied to all the indices of Desgraupes. This investigation also includes optimization of indices. A significant benefit of fuzzy clustering is that the membership degrees allow the optimization problems to be treated as continuous, whereas the ones in the crisp case are discrete, making it generally easier to solve. After giving a precise description of fuzzification which is briefly given in D. R. Sope and M. Fujio [On a fuzzification of clustering indices, in Proc. Fuzzy System Symposium of the Japan Intelligent Information Fuzzy Society, Vol. 35 (2002), pp. 443–448], the authors fuzzify all of 27 indices of Desgraupes and then solve the fuzzy clustering problems having 13 analytic indices among them as the objective functions by the gradient method.
Images of Pain, Images of Hope: African Films as Narrative Theologies of Gender and Sexuality
Authors: Knauss Stefanie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cinema is one of the great media of storytelling that, with its images and sounds, draws viewers into a different world and addresses their bodies, minds, and hearts. In this contribution, I will develop an argument for African cinema as a source of narrative theology that is contextual and liberative in its critical and constructive functions. In conversation with African women’s and queer theologies, I will then reconstruct the narrative theologies emerging from films produced in Africa that address women’s issues and diverse sexualities. I argue that they develop, through images of the pain of sexism and homophobia, a theology of hope of flourishing life. Thus, they contribute to the life of a church that is able to overcome prejudice, recognizes the gifts of its diverse communities, and is a space for all to flourish in love.
Typology and Characterization: Reading Portraits of Identity in Mk. 1:35 and 6:46
Authors: Glowasky Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The discovery of Jesus’ identity as the Messiah is often understood to be the central driving force of the first half of Mark’s narrative (1:14–8:30). However, from the perspective of narrative continuity, it is not always clear how each of the micro-narratives within the larger narrative unit support this purpose. Particularly puzzling in this regard is the two instances where the author briefly describes Jesus going away to pray privately by himself (1:35; 6:46). While these two verses have often been overlooked by scholars when considering Mark’s narrative purpose, this essay considers these two micro-narratives as important instances of indirect characterization, arguing that they develop layers of narrative typology in order to characterize Jesus as a key figure within Israel’s prophetic tradition.
Using Video and Multimodal Classroom Interaction Analysis to Investigate How Information, Misinformation, and Disinformation Influence Pedagogy
Authors: Riordan John-Paul , Revell Lynn , Bowie Bob , Thomas Caroline , Woolley Mary , Hulbert Sabina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Misinformation is accidentally wrong and disinformation is deliberately incorrect (i.e., deception). This article uses the Pedagogy Analysis Framework (paf) to investigate how information, misinformation, and disinformation influence classroom pedagogy. 95 people participated (i.e., one lesson with 7-year-olds, another with 10-year-olds, and three with a class of 13-year-olds). The authors used four video-based methods (lesson video analysis, teacher verbal protocols, pupil group verbal protocols, and teacher interviews). 35 hours of video data (recorded 2013–2020) were analysed using Grounded Theory Methods by the researchers, the class teachers, and groups of pupils (three girls and three boys). The methodology was Straussian Grounded Theory. The authors present how often participants used information, misinformation, and disinformation. They illustrate how the paf helps understand and explain information, misinformation, and disinformation in the classroom by analysing video data transcripts. In addition, the authors discuss participant perceptions of the status of information; overlapping information, misinformation, and disinformation; and information communication difficulties.
Predicted aerosol dosimetry for mouse models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease and lung cancer
Authors: Oldham Michael J. , Lucci Francesco , Kuczaj Arkadiusz K. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction For in vivo inhalation studies, aerosol dosimetry links aerosol exposure and deposited dose within the respiratory tract. Aerosol dosimetry programs like the Multiple Path Particle Deposition model utilize respiratory tract geometry, respiratory physiology, and aerosol properties to predict particle deposition within the respiratory tract. A challenge to wider use of these dosimetry programs for in vivo inhalation studies is the lack of species-specific or strain specific respiratory tract anatomy, and in some cases, strain specific respiratory physiology data. The objective of this work was to develop aerosol dosimetry predictions for the in vivo human disease models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; C57BL/6 mice) cardiovascular disease (CVD; ApoE-/- mice), and lung cancer (AJ mice) using the Multiple Path Particle Deposition dosimetry model. Methods Microcomputed tomography derived tracheobronchial geometry data were combined with available pulmonary geometry data for C57BL/6, ApoE-/-, and AJ mice and incorporated into the Multiple Path Particle Deposition dosimetry model. Mouse strain specific respiratory physiology literature values were used as input into the Multiple Path Particle Deposition dosimetry model. Results The resulting particle deposition predictions compared well with the very limited strain specific experimental particle deposition data. Since multiple tracheobronchial geometries and thus pulmonary anatomies were used for C57BL/6 and ApoE-/- mice, an estimate of intrastrain variability in predicted particle deposition was obtained. Discussion and Conclusions The intrastrain variability in predicted particle deposition for C57BL/6 and ApoE-/- mice was always smaller in the tracheobronchial compared to pulmonary airways. The differences in reported respiratory physiology values for C57BL/6 mice resulted in greater intrastrain variability in predicted particle deposition than observed with the different tracheobronchial geometries and pulmonary anatomies. These mouse strain specific aerosol dosimetry predictions can provide insight into the delivered dose to specific respiratory tract regions that can be correlated with in vivo endpoints.
Structural and gene composition variation of the complete mitochondrial genome of Mammillaria huitzilopochtli (Cactaceae, Caryophyllales), revealed by de novo assembly
Authors: Cruz Plancarte David , Solórzano Sofía 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Structural descriptions of complete genomes have elucidated evolutionary processes in angiosperms. In Cactaceae (Caryophyllales), a high structural diversity of the chloroplast genome has been identified within and among genera. In this study, we assembled the first mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) for the short-globose cactus Mammillaria huitzilopochtli. For comparative purposes, we used the published genomes of 19 different angiosperms and the gymnosperm Cycas taitungensis as an external group for phylogenetic issues.

Results
The mtDNA of M. huitzilopochtli was assembled into one linear chromosome of 2,052,004 bp, in which 65 genes were annotated. These genes account for 57,606 bp including 34 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 27 tRNAs, and three rRNAs. In the non-coding sequences, repeats were abundant, with a total of 4,550 (179,215 bp). In addition, five complete genes (psaC and four tRNAs) of chloroplast origin were documented. Negative selection was estimated for most (23) of the PCGs. The phylogenetic tree showed a topology consistent with previous analyses based on the chloroplast genome.

Conclusions
The number and type of genes contained in the mtDNA of M. huitzilopochtli were similar to those reported in 19 other angiosperm species, regardless of their phylogenetic relationships. Although other Caryophyllids exhibit strong differences in structural arrangement and total size of mtDNA, these differences do not result in an increase in the typical number and types of genes found in M. huitzilopochtli. We concluded that the total size of mtDNA in angiosperms increases by the lengthening of the non-coding sequences rather than a significant gain of coding genes.
How nursing students learn infection control education through undergraduate nursing programs: a phenomenographic research study
Authors: Chang Sung Ok , Sohng Kyeong-Yae , Kim Kyunghee , Won Jongsoon , Chaung Seung-Kyo , Choi Min-Jung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Competency in infection control is crucial for implementing nursing best practices to ensure patient safety. However, research is lacking on the infection control education received by nursing students prior to entering clinical settings as nurses. This study aimed to explore how nursing students conceptualize infection control care in undergraduate nursing programs.

Methods
This study employed a qualitative research method using phenomenography. Universities providing undergraduate nursing programs in Korea. Thirty nursing students: 10 students each from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years of five undergraduate programs. Data were collected from May 2019 to February 2020 through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a phenomenographic analysis procedure.

Results
Six descriptive categories were derived inductively for nursing students’ frames of reference regarding infection control care and six descriptive categories of how nursing students learned about infection control care. The structural framework of the identified categories, about how nursing students learn about infection control care, was presented as an outcome space.

Conclusions
Given that nursing students demonstrate diverse conceptualizations of infection control and are at varying levels of learning, professors and clinical mentors need to develop theoretical education and clinical practice opportunities that consider these differences.
Assessing the acceptability of technological health innovations in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review and a best fit framework synthesis
Authors: Louart Sarah , Hedible Gildas Boris , Ridde Valéry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcceptability is a key concept used to analyze the introduction of a health innovation in a specific setting. However, there seems to be a lack of clarity in this notion, both conceptually and practically. In low and middle-income countries, programs to support the diffusion of new technological tools are multiplying. They face challenges and difficulties that need to be understood with an in-depth analysis of the acceptability of these innovations. We performed a scoping review to explore the theories, methods and conceptual frameworks that have been used to measure and understand the acceptability of technological health innovations in sub-Saharan Africa. The review confirmed the lack of common definitions, conceptualizations and practical tools addressing the acceptability of health innovations. To synthesize and combine evidence, both theoretically and empirically, we then used the "best fit framework synthesis" method. Based on five conceptual and theoretical frameworks from scientific literature and evidence from 33 empirical studies, we built a conceptual framework in order to understand the acceptability of technological health innovations. This framework comprises 6 determinants (compatibility, social influence, personal emotions, perceived disadvantages, perceived advantages and perceived complexity) and two moderating factors (intervention and context). This knowledge synthesis work has also enabled us to propose a chronology of the different stages of acceptability.