bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Role of Nickel Nanoparticles Functionalization in the Electronic Properties and Structural Features of 2D Black Phosphorene Exposed to Ambient Conditions
Authors: Vanni Matteo , Serrano‐Ruiz Manuel , Filippi Jonathan , Salvatici Maria Cristina , Fonda Emiliano , Peruzzini Maurizio , Caporali Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLayered black phosphorus (BP) is endowed with peculiar chemico‐physical properties that make it a highly promising candidate in the field of electronics. Nevertheless, as other 2D materials with atomic scale thickness, it suffers from easy degradation under ambient conditions. Herein, it is shown that the functionalization of BP with preformed and in situ grown Ni NPs, affects the electronic properties of the material. In particular, Ni functionalization performed in situ leads to a narrowing of the average BP band gap from 1.15 to 0.95 eV and to a marked shift in the conduction band maximum from −0.33 V to −0.07 V, which, in turn, improve the ambient stability. Structural studies carried out by XAS can well distinguish the two nanohybrids and reveal that once Ni NPs are grown on BP nanosheets, a Ni‐P coordinative bond is formed, featuring a short Ni‐P distance of 2.27 Å, which is not observed when preformed Ni NPs are immobilized on BP. Comparing the XANES and EXAFS spectra of fresh and aged samples of both nanohybrids, suggests that the interaction between Ni and P atoms results in a stabilization effect exerted via a dual electronic and redox mechanism, that infers a much superior ambient stability to BP, even if the surface functionalization is far to achieve a full coverage.
Mono‐ and Dinuclear Gold(I) Coumarin Complexes: Luminescence Studies and Singlet Oxygen Production
Authors: Sobrerroca Carlota , Angurell Inmaculada , de Aquino Araceli , Romo Guillermo , Jubert Camille , Rodríguez Laura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe 4‐(thiolmethyl)‐7‐(diethylamino)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one ligand has been synthesized and used as chromophore in several mono‐ and dinuclear gold(I) compounds that contain a phosphane at the second coordination position. Four final products were able to obtain in pure form containing one coumarin and one phosphane ligand in the case of PTA (1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13.7]decane) and PPh3 (triphenylphosphine); one coumarin and two gold(I)‐phosphane groups in the case of phosphane=DAPTA (3,7‐diacetyl‐1,3,7‐triaza‐5‐phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) and two coumarin and two gold(I) atoms in the case of phosphane=DPEphos (bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether), when it was used a diphosphane. Other diphosphane ligands used were not able to give the desired products in pure form. The luminescent properties of the compounds are governed by the fluorescence of the coumarin moiety in all compounds both for measurements carried out in solution and also immobilized in PMMA organic matrix. Phosphorescence emission can be detected in all cases at 77 K both for the uncoordinated coumarin ligand and the gold(I) derivatives, being more favoured in the presence of the gold(I) heavy atom. The compounds have been used as photosensitizers to generate 1O2 with moderate quantum yields values.
Tissue‐Specific Isolation of Tagged Arabidopsis Plastids
Authors: Boussardon Clément , Keech Olivier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlastids are found in all plant cell types. However, most extraction methods to study these organelles are performed at the organ level (e.g., leaf, root, fruit) and do not allow for tissue‐specific resolution, which hinders our understanding of their physiology. Therefore, IPTACT (Isolation of Plastids TAgged in specific Cell Types) was developed to isolate plastids in a tissue‐specific manner in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Plastids are biotinylated using one‐shot transgenic lines, and tissue specificity is achieved with a suitable promoter as long as such a promoter exists. Cell‐specific biotinylated plastids are then isolated with 2.8‐µm streptavidin beads. Plastids extracted by IPTACT are suitable for RNA or protein isolation and subsequent tissue‐specific OMICs analyses. This method provides the user with a powerful tool to investigate plastidial functions at cell‐type resolution. Furthermore, it can easily be combined with studies using diverse genetic backgrounds and/or different developmental or stress conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Promoter cloning and plant selectionBasic Protocol 2: Isolation of biotinylated plastidsBasic Protocol 3: Quality control of isolated plastids
Flow Cytometric Identification and Enumeration of Monocyte Subsets in Bovine and Water Buffalo Peripheral Blood
Authors: Grandoni Francesco , Fraboni Daniela , Canonico Barbara , Papa Stefano , Buccisano Francesco , Schuberth Hans‐Joachim , Hussen Jamal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMonocytes are innate immune system key players with pivotal roles during infection and inflammation. They migrate into tissues and differentiate into myeloid effect cells (macrophages, dendritic cells) which orchestrate inflammatory processes and are interfaces between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Their clinical relevance to health and disease of cattle (Bos taurus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), two of the most important livestock species, has been highlighted in physiologic (pregnancy) and pathologic (mastitis, metritis, and viral infections) conditions.The existence of three different monocyte subsets in cattle was established by flow cytometry (FC), as follows: classical (cM; CD14++CD16–/low), intermediate (intM; CD14++/+CD16+), and non‐classical (ncM; CD14–/lowCD16++) monocytes. FC applications for studying the immune system of cattle and water buffalo still have significant limitations. In this article, we describe some practical approaches to overcome these limitations and, in particular, allow the identification and enumeration of cM, intM, and ncM subpopulations in cattle and buffalo peripheral blood. Indeed, we propose the new procedure lyse/wash/no‐centrifugation (L/W/NC) that can be combined with the FC absolute counting procedures and can overcome specific issues of the lyse/no‐wash protocols (L/NW). Finally, for the first time, we demonstrated the existence of cM, intM, and ncM monocyte subsets also in the water buffalo, showing some interesting differences with cattle, such as the bubaline cM are mainly CD14+/++/CD16+. These subtle differences may influence inflammatory disease regulation in, for example, mastitis and metritis. The upregulation of CD16 expression on cM may reveal different monocyte priming, leading to different functional features of macrophages/dendritic cells in tissues after infection. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Absolute count of cM, intM, and ncM without compensationAlternate Protocol: Absolute count of cM, intM, and ncM for single laser platformSupport Protocol 1: In‐house monoclonal antibody labeling using a Pacific Blue™ kitSupport Protocol 2: In‐house monoclonal antibody labeling using an Alexa Fluor® 647 kitSupport Protocol 3: Titration of fluorochrome‐conjugated antibodies
Accumulation of gene copy number variations during the early phase of free‐spawning abalone speciation
Authors: Hirase Shotaro , Sekino Masashi , Hara Motoyuki , Kikuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe genetic basis of speciation in free‐spawning marine invertebrates is poorly understood. Although gene copy number variations (GCNVs) and nucleotide variations possibly trigger the speciation of these organisms, empirical evidence for such a hypothesis is limited. In this study, we searched for genomic signatures of GCNVs that may contribute to the speciation of Western Pacific abalone species. Whole‐genome sequencing data suggested the existence of significant amounts of GCNVs in closely related abalones, Haliotis discus and H. madaka, in the early phase of speciation. In addition, the degree of interspecies genetic differentiation in the genes where GCNVs were estimated was higher than that in other genes, suggesting that nucleotide divergence also accumulates in the genes with GCNVs. GCNVs in some genes were also detected in other related abalone species, suggesting that these GCNVs are derived from both ancestral and de novo mutations. Our findings suggest that GCNVs have been accumulated in the early phase of free‐spawning abalone speciation.
Geographical shifts in the successional dynamics of inland dune shrub communities
Authors: Chozas Sergio , Chefaoui Rosa M. , Correia Otília , Santos Ana M. C. , Hortal Joaquín 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpecies' environmental requirements and large‐scale spatial and evolutionary processes determine the structure and composition of local communities. However, ecological interactions also have major effects on community assembly at landscape and local scales. We evaluate whether two xerophytic shrub communities occurring in SW Portugal follow constrained ecological assembly dynamics throughout large geographical extents, or their composition is rather driven by species’ individualistic responses to environmental and macroecological constraints. Inland dune xerophytic shrub communities were characterized in 95 plots. Then, we described the main gradients of vegetation composition and assessed the relevance of biotic interactions. We also characterized the habitat suitability of the dominant species, Stauracanthus genistoides, and Ulex australis, to map the potential distribution of the xerophytic shrub communities. Finally, we examined the relationships between the vegetation gradients and a broad set of explanatory variables to identify the relative importance of each factor driving changes in community composition. We found that xerophytic shrubs follow uniform successional patterns throughout the whole geographical area studied, but each community responds differently to the main environmental gradients in each region. Soil organic matter is the main determinant of community variations in the northern region, Setúbal Peninsula, whereas aridity is so in the South/South‐Western region. In contrast, in the central region, Comporta, the variation between S. genistoides and U. australis communities is explained mainly by aridity and temperature seasonality, followed by the individualistic responses of the dominant species and soil organic matter. Overall, these results indicate that, the relative importance of the main factors causing community‐level responses varies according to regional processes and the suitability of the environmental conditions for the dominant species in these communities. These responses are also determined by intrinsic community mechanisms that result in a high degree of similarity in the gradient‐driven community stages in different regions.
Foundation species canopies affect understory beta diversity differently depending on species mobility
Authors: Catalán Alexis M. , López Daniela N. , Fica‐Rojas Eliseo , Broitman Bernardo R. , Valdivia Nelson , Scrosati Ricardo A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBeta diversity measures the spatial variation in species composition. Because it influences several community attributes, studies are increasingly investigating its drivers. Spatial environmental heterogeneity is a major determinant of beta diversity, but canopy‐forming foundation species can locally modify environmental properties. We used intertidal communities dominated by the canopy‐forming alga Mazzaella laminarioides as a model system to examine how a foundation species affects spatial environmental heterogeneity and the resulting beta diversity. Since canopies were found to reduce the spatial variation of temperature and desiccation during low tides, we hypothesized that canopies would decrease understory beta diversity, which we tested through a field experiment that contrasted canopy removal with presence treatments over 32 months. The beta diversity of sessile species was always lower under canopies, but canopies never affected the beta diversity of mobile species. The observed responses for sessile species may result from their abundance being more dependent on spatial abiotic variation than for mobile species, which can occur in stressful areas while temporarily foraging or in transit to other areas. These responses may likely apply to other systems exhibiting canopy‐forming foundation species hosting sessile and mobile species assemblages.
Differential pulsed voltammetry of Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on disposable screen‐printed carbon electrodes: A potential in‐field method to detect Δ9‐THC in saliva
Authors: Williams Kevin J. , White Corey J. , Hunt Andrew P. , Meyerhoff Mark E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to recent legalization of marijuana across many states in the U.S., there is an increased concern of users driving while impaired/intoxicated with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis/marijuana. Hence, there is a need for a rapid roadside detection of this drug that can be used to accurately screen drivers. Current field sobriety tests rely on a series of physical and mental exercises administered during DUI investigations to help determine a driver's level of impairment. Due to their portability and effectiveness, screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) are ideal to work with when it comes to devising a low‐cost screening device for roadside testing. SPCE's can potentially detect low levels of Δ9‐THC in an individual's saliva via electrochemical oxidation of Δ9‐THC. Herein we report a fast, cheap, and accurate approach to electrochemically detect 1–20 μM Δ9‐THC in a 1 mL sample of artificial oral fluid (AF‐OF) diluted to 50 % with a buffer/electrolyte solution using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at the surface of a small SPCE. Implications for the use of this method to screen intoxicated drivers are discussed.
Analysis of five rare alleles at the STR loci D1S1656, D12S391, D13S317, Penta D, and D2S441
Authors: Wang Yequan , Gao Ao , Dong Zhenzhen , Wang Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShort tandem repeat (STR) automatic typing technology is extensively used in forensic laboratories with commercial kits, in rare cases genotyping misinterpretations or mislabeling may occur due to unexpected rare alleles. This study refers to the investigation of several rare alleles observed from routine cases. Besides cross‐kit verification with Goldeneye 25A (Beijing PeopleSpot Inc, China) and Huaxia platinum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) kits, the next‐generation sequencing technology by MiSeq FGx System (Illumina, USA) was applied to further validation. To solve the inconsistent outcomes reached by the above mentioned approaches at D2S441 locus, single gene amplification, gene cloning, and genetic sequencing was also performed. As a result, five rare alleles were detected. Two novel alleles of allele 3 at the D13S317 locus and allele 5 at the D2S441 locus were found; three previously reported alleles of allele 9 at D1S1656 locus, allele 19 at Penta D locus, and allele 28 at D12S391 locus in STRBase were initially supplemented with sequence information. We, therefore, propose that such uncommon observations with rare events should be carefully investigated and interpreted.
Hardware acceleration of number theoretic transform for zk‐SNARK
Authors: Zhao Haixu , Ding Dong , Wang Feng , Hua Pengcheng , Wang Ning , Wu Qin , Chai Zhilei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractZk‐SNARK unleashes the great potential of ZKP (zero‐knowledge proof) in the blockchain, distributed storage, and so forth. However, the proof‐generation of zk‐SNARK is excessively time intensive, making it a challenge to deploy a high‐performance zk‐SNARK in most real applications. As a result, NTT (Number Theoretic Transform), one of the most time‐consuming parts in proof‐generation, needs to be accelerated significantly. To address this issue, we propose a novel and efficient “data reordering" technique to enable a highly pipelined architecture, on which an FPGA‐based hardware accelerator is designed to support the large‐bitwidth and large‐scale NTT tasks in zk‐SNARK. This two‐level pipelined architecture can effectively reduce the data dependency and memory access requirements, meanwhile, can be flexibly scaled to different scales of FPGAs. To balance computing efficiency and flexibility, the OpenCL equipped with HLS is used to implement the heterogeneous acceleration system. We prototype the accelerator on the AMD‐Xilinx Alveo U50 card (UltraScale+ XCU50 FPGA). The evaluation results show that (1) our accelerator shows high scalability for different scales of FPGAs with a stable performance improvement; (2) it performs 1.95 faster than the one in PipeZK; (3) and it achieves 27.98 , 1.74 speedup and 6.9 , 6 energy efficiency improvement than AMD Ryzen 9 5900X single core and 12 cores respectively when integrated into the well‐known ZKP open‐source project, Bellman.
A comparative analysis of carbon reduction potential for directly driven permanent magnet and doubly fed asynchronous wind turbines
Authors: Zhuo Zhi‐Yu , Chen Meng‐Jie , Li Xiu‐Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWind power generation does not emit greenhouse gases or pollutants, but there are some carbon emissions from the manufacturing, transportation, operation, and waste disposal of wind turbines. Directly driven permanent magnet and doubly fed asynchronous wind turbines currently have the largest market share in China, but few Chinese studies have compared their differences in carbon reduction potential. This paper uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantitatively analyze the full life cycle carbon emissions of the two wind turbines to determine which type of wind turbine has greater carbon reduction potential, obtaining the following results. (1) The full life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of 2.5 MW directly driven permanent magnet and doubly fed asynchronous wind turbines are 8.48 and 10.43 g CO2/kWh, respectively. The direct‐driven permanent magnet wind turbine is superior in terms of carbon reduction. (2) The stage with the greatest impact and the greatest difference between the two wind turbines in the full life cycle is the production stage, during which the carbon emissions of the directly driven permanent magnet and doubly fed asynchronous wind turbines are 1.045 × 106 and 1.210 × 106 kg, respectively. (3) According to sensitivity analysis, proper waste disposal and transportation can reduce carbon emissions from wind turbines. These research findings can be used to help achieve carbon peaking and neutrality goals, as well as the technological development of wind power enterprises.
Classify patients with Moyamoya disease according to their cognitive performance might be helpful in clinical and practical with support vector machine based on hypergraph
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Nan , Qian Sheng , Liu Jian , Yu Shaojie , Li Nan , Xia Chengyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) patients were now classified according to their cerebrovascular manifestations, with cognition and emotion ignored, which attenuated the therapy. The present study tried to classify them based on their cognitive and emotional performance and explored the neural basis underlying this classification using resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI). Thirty‐nine MMD patients were recruited, assessed mental function and MRI scanned. We adopted hierarchical analysis of their mental performance for new subtypes. Next, a three‐step analysis, with each step consisting of 10 random cross validation, was conducted for robust brain regions in classifying the three subtypes of patients in a support vector machine (SVM) model with hypergraph of rs‐fMRI. We found three new subtypes including high depression‐high anxiety‐low cognition (HE‐LC, 50%), low depression‐low anxiety‐high cognition (LE‐HC, 14%), and low depression‐low anxiety‐low cognition (LE‐LC, 36%), and no hemorrhagic MMD patients fell into the LE‐HC group. The temporal and the bilateral superior frontal cortex, and so forth were included in all 10 randomized SVM modeling. The classification accuracy of the final three‐way classification model was 67.5% in average of 10 random cross validation. In addition, the S value between the frontal cortex and the angular cortex was positively correlated with the anxiety score and backward digit span (p < .05). Our results might provide a new perspective for MMD classification concerning patients' mental status, guide timely surgery and suggest angular cortex, and so forth should be protected in surgery for cognitive consideration.
Validation of indications for enucleation for benign parotid gland tumors
Authors: Taguchi Atsushi , Kojima Tsuyoshi , Okanoue Yusuke , Kagoshima Hiroki , Hasebe Koki , Yamamoto Hirotaka , Hori Ryusuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnucleation has been reported as a minimally invasive surgery for Warthin's tumor (WT). However, the definite indications for enucleation have not been clarified.MethodsEnucleation was indicated by the following findings: findings of WT, cystic fluid, or benign leukocytes by fine‐needle aspiration cytology; a well‐margined and homogeneous pattern on imaging; and a tumor location in the tail or preauricular area of the parotid gland. We reviewed 552 cases treated with parotid gland surgery in our hospital.ResultsA total of 108 tumors were treated with enucleation and included no malignant solid tumors or pleomorphic adenoma. Enucleation demonstrated low invasiveness and complication rates. Revision surgery for WT reappearance after enucleation was rare and showed minimal scarring, with a lower risk of facial weakness.ConclusionsThe indication criteria for enucleation were validated. Such enucleation is useful, as it is associated with minimal invasiveness, low complication rates, and safety in revision surgery.
Execution of new trajectories toward a stable goal without a functional hippocampus
Authors: Duszkiewicz Adrian J. , Rossato Janine I. , Moreno Andrea , Takeuchi Tomonori , Yamasaki Miwako , Genzel Lisa , Spooner Patrick , Canals Santiago , Morris Richard G. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe hippocampus is a critical component of a mammalian spatial navigation system, with the firing sequences of hippocampal place cells during sleep or immobility constituting a “replay” of an animal's past trajectories. A novel spatial navigation task recently revealed that such “replay” sequences of place fields can also prospectively map onto imminent new paths to a goal that occupies a stable location during each session. It was hypothesized that such “prospective replay” sequences may play a causal role in goal‐directed navigation. In the present study, we query this putative causal role in finding only minimal effects of muscimol‐induced inactivation of the dorsal and intermediate hippocampus on the same spatial navigation task. The concentration of muscimol used demonstrably inhibited hippocampal cell firing in vivo and caused a severe deficit in a hippocampal‐dependent “episodic‐like” spatial memory task in a watermaze. These findings call into question whether “prospective replay” of an imminent and direct path is actually necessary for its execution in certain navigational tasks.
Activity‐based Tools for Interrogating Host Biology During Infection
Authors: Ramanathan Renuka , Hatzios Stavroula K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHost cells sense and respond to pathogens by dynamically regulating cell signaling. The rapid modulation of signaling pathways is achieved by post‐translational modifications (PTMs) that can alter protein structure, function, and/or binding interactions. By using chemical probes to broadly profile changes in enzyme function or side‐chain reactivity, activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) can reveal PTMs that regulate host–microbe interactions. While ABPP has been widely utilized to uncover microbial mechanisms of pathogenesis, in this review, we focus on more recent applications of this technique to the discovery of host PTMs and enzymes that modulate signaling within infected cells. Collectively, these advances underscore the importance of ABPP as a tool for interrogating the host response to infection and identifying potential targets for host‐directed therapies.