bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen fixation among pea and lentil varieties in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Baber Kaleb , Jones Clain , McPhee Kevin , Miller Perry R. , Lamb Peggy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPulse crops, including lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.), can improve the sustainability of Northern Great Plains cropping systems, largely through biological N fixation. Greater N fixation amounts can help producers to increase yield while decreasing N fertilizer inputs for the following crop. There may be potential to breed greater N‐fixing pulse varieties, yet little is known about varietal differences in N fixation. Nitrogen fixation of pea and lentil varieties was quantified at two sites in Montana from 2019 to 2021 using an N difference approach and the 15N natural abundance method. Riveland and CDC Richlea were frequently high N‐fixing lentil varieties, both fixing ca. 130 kg N ha−1 in the site‐year with the most favorable growing conditions. No pea variety had consistently greater N fixation than others, despite N fixation ranging from 88 to 135 kg N ha−1 in one site‐year among varieties. Nitrogen fixation by lentil had an inverse relationship with days to flowering but was not correlated with days to maturity. Nitrogen fixation by pea was positively correlated with days to maturity but was not correlated with days to flowering. Breeding lentil and pea for high N fixation by selecting high N‐fixing varieties is likely difficult, as varieties performed differently under variable environmental conditions. Breeding efforts based on traits, such as days to flowering, could be more successful. There were more positive correlations between N fixation parameters and seed yield for pea than for lentil, suggesting that breeding for greater yields could increase N fixation for pea but not lentil.
Efficacy and economics of light‐activated sensor‐controlled sprayer for site‐specific weed control
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Vipan , Jha Prashant 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn increasing cost of controlling herbicide‐resistant weeds necessitates the development of cost‐effective weed control strategies in the semi‐arid U.S. Great Plains. Two separate field studies were conducted in 2013 and 2014 at the Montana State University Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT to (1) evaluate a light‐activated sensor‐controlled (LASC) sprayer compared to a broadcast sprayer for effectiveness and cost savings for weed control in postharvest wheat (Triticum aestivum) stubble, and (2) determine the efficacy of LASC sprayer operated at two different speeds for weed control in fallow fields. Results indicated that both LASC and broadcast sprayers performed similarly for the effectiveness of a majority of herbicides tested on kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] and prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.). Paraquat alone or in tank‐mixture with linuron, and saflufenacil + 2,4‐D provided 93%–100% control of kochia, 98%–100% control of prickly lettuce, and reduced the total weed biomass by 75%–80% at 28 days after treatment (DAT), regardless of the sprayer used. A simple comparative economic analysis revealed that LASC sprayer reduced the overall chemical use by 23%–55% and resulted in cost savings of $5.83–$30.83 ha−1 across herbicide treatments. Herbicide efficacy was reduced up to 20% for kochia and prickly lettuce control when applied with LASC sprayer at a speed of 16 versus 8 km h−1. Altogether, these results indicate that the LASC sprayer can provide cost‐effective, site‐specific weed control in no‐tillage chemical fallow or postharvest wheat stubble.
Association between physical fitness and normal weight obesity in children and adolescents from Poland
Authors: Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz , Kuszewska Gabriela , Kowal Małgorzata , Woronkowicz Agnieszka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesNormal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as elevated adiposity, despite normal body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to compare the results of selected fitness parameters in Polish children and adolescents from Poland with and without normal weight obesity.MethodsThe study was cross‐sectional and school‐based. Body height, weight and adiposity, as well as the results of selected fitness tests, were obtained. BMI was calculated, and only normal‐weight individuals were included. NWO was defined as normal BMI with adiposity ≥85 percentile for age and sex.ResultsChildren with NWO tended to have better results of absolute dynamometric strength and overhead medicine ball throw. On the other hand, when the dynamometric strength was normalized for the body mass nonNWO group achieved better results. Furthermore, NWO group had lower explosive muscle strength of the lower limbs, agility, as well as abdominal muscle strength, and endurance.ConclusionsObtained results suggest that NWO is associated with a decrease in at least some fitness parameters in children and adolescents. Therefore, it can be hypothesized, that normal weight obesity can result in poorer fundamental motor skills. Moreover, as parameters such as muscle strength have been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic risks, described results can also be important in the context of the present and future health of the children. The results also highlight the importance of monitoring physical fitness and body composition in children, as individuals with NWO are almost indistinguishable from normal weight non‐obese counterparts based on current standard surveillance protocols.
Riding the merry‐go‐round of racial disparities in ADRD research
Authors: Adkins‐Jackson Paris B. , Kraal A. Zarina , Hill‐Jarrett Tanisha G. , George Kristen M. , Deters Kacie D. , Besser Lilah M. , Avila‐Rieger Justina F. , Turney Indira , Manly Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWith the rapid expansion of the aging population, the burden of Alzheimer's disease related dementias (ADRD) is anticipated to increase in racialized and minoritized groups who are at disproportionately higher risk. To date, research emphasis has been on further characterizing the existence of racial disparities in ADRD through comparisons to groups racialized as White that are assumed to be normative. Much of the literature on this comparison insinuates that racialized and minoritized groups experience poorer outcomes due to genetics, culture, and/or health behaviors.METHODSThis perspective shines a light on a category of ADRD research that employs ahistorical methodological approaches to describe racial disparities in ADRD that puts us on a merry‐go‐round of research with no benefits to society.METHODSThis commentary provides historical context for the use of race in ADRD research and justification for the study of structural racism. The commentary concludes with recommendations to guide future research.
Supramolecular Polymer Brushes Grown by Surface‐Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Cucurbit[7]uril‐based Non‐Covalent Initiators
Authors: Metze Friederike K. , Filipucci Irene , Klok Harm‐Anton 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolymer brushes are densely grafted, chain end‐tethered assemblies of polymers that can be produced via surface‐initiated polymerization. Typically, this is accomplished using initiators or chain transfer agents that are covalently attached to the substrate. This manuscript reports an alternative route towards polymer brushes, which involves the use of non‐covalent cucurbit[7]uril‐adamantane host–guest interactions to surface‐immobilize initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization. These non‐covalent initiators can be used for the surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of a variety of water‐soluble methacrylate monomers to generate supramolecular polymer brushes with film thicknesses of more than 100 nm. The non‐covalent nature of the initiator also allows facile access to patterned polymer brushes, which can be produced in straightforward fashion by drop‐casting a solution of the initiator‐modified guest molecules onto a substrate that presents the cucurbit[7]uril host.
Revealing Active Sites and Reaction Pathways in Methane Non‐Oxidative Coupling over Iron‐Containing Zeolites
Authors: Zhang Hao , Bolshakov Aleksei , Meena Raghavendra , Garcia Gustavo A. , Dugulan A. Iulian , Parastaev Alexander , Li Guanna , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Kosinov Nikolay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNon‐oxidative coupling of methane is a promising route to obtain ethylene directly from natural gas. We synthesized siliceous [Fe]zeolites with MFI and CHA topologies and found that they display high selectivity (>90 % for MFI and >99 % for CHA) to ethylene and ethane among gas‐phase products. Deactivated [Fe]zeolites can be regenerated by burning coke in air. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that the isolated Fe3+ centers in zeolite framework of fresh catalysts are reduced during the reaction to the active sites, including Fe2+ species and Fe (oxy)carbides dispersed in zeolite pores. Photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy results show that methyl radicals are the reaction intermediates formed upon methane activation. Ethane is formed by methyl radical coupling, followed by its dehydrogenation to ethylene. Based on the observation of intermediates including allene, vinylacetylene, 1,3‐butadiene, 2‐butyne, and cyclopentadiene over [Fe]MFI, a reaction network is proposed leading to polyaromatic species. Such reaction intermediates are not observed over the small‐pore [Fe]CHA, where ethylene and ethane are the only gas‐phase products.
Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Manganese(I) Complexes: Efficient and Simple Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Both Niklas F. , Spannenberg Anke , Jiao Haijun , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of bis(NHC) manganese(I) complexes 3 as catalysts for the hydrogenation of esters was investigated. For that purpose, a series of complexes has been synthesized via an improved two step procedure utilizing bis(NHC)‐BEt3 adducts. By applying complexes 3 with KHBEt3 as additive, various aromatic and aliphatic esters were hydrogenated successfully at mild temperatures and low catalyst loadings, highlighting the efficiency of the novel catalytic system. The versatility of the developed catalytic system was further demonstrated by the hydrogenation of other substrate classes like ketones, nitriles, N‐heteroarenes and alkenes. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations indicate an inner sphere mechanism with the loss of one CO ligand and reveal the role of BEt3 as cocatalyst.
Stereospecific Radical Polymerization of a Side‐Chain Transformable Bulky Acrylamide Monomer and Subsequent Post‐Polymerization Modification for Syntheses of Isotactic Polyacrylate and Polyacrylamide
Authors: Pan Yuehang , Ouchi Makoto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report syntheses of isotactic polyacrylate and polyacrylamide via a stereospecific radical polymerization of a pendant‐transformable monomer, acrylamide carrying isopropyl‐substituted ureidosulfonamide (1), followed by post‐polymerization modification (PPM). The study in the alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions of the model compound (2) for evaluation of the transformation ability of the electron‐withdrawing pendant group on the repeating unit 1 revealed the following points: the pendant of the polymer became more reactive than that of monomer; the pendant was active enough for aminolysis reaction affording the amide compound quantitatively without additive/catalyst; the addition of a lithium triflate [Li(OTf)] and triethylamine (Et3N) was effective as for promotion of the alcoholysis reaction. Poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) was quantitatively obtained via the radical polymerization of 1 in the presence of Li(OTf) at 60 °C and the subsequent addition of methanol along with Et3N. Thus‐obtained PMA showed higher isotacticity [m=74 %] than that directly obtained via radical polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) (m=51 %). The isotacticity was further increased as the temperature and monomer concentration were lower, and eventually m was increased up to 93 %. The aminolysis PPM after the iso‐specific radical polymerization of 1 gave various isotactic polyacrylamides carrying different alkyl pendant groups, including poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM).
Fast‐Response Nickel‐Promoted Indium Oxide Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation from Intermittent Solar Hydrogen
Authors: Li Xianghong , Zhang Peng , Yang Chengsheng , Wang Zhongyan , Song Xiwen , Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConstruction of a “net‐zero‐emission” system through CO2 hydrogenation to methanol with solar energy is an eco‐friendly way to mitigate the greenhouse effect. Traditional CO2 hydrogenation demands centralized mass production for cost reduction with mass water electrolysis for hydrogen supply. To achieve continuous reaction with intermittent and fluctuating flow of H2 on a small‐scale for distributed application scenarios, modulating the catalyst interface environment and chemical adsorption capacity to adapt fluctuating reaction conditions is highly desired. This paper describes a distributed clean CO2 utilization system in which the surface structure of catalysts is carefully regulated. The Ni catalyst with unsaturated electrons loaded on In2O3 can reduce the dissociation energy of H2 to overcome the slow response of intermittent H2 supply, exhibiting a faster response (12 min) than bare oxide catalysts (42 min). Moreover, the introduction of Ni enhances the sensitivity of the catalyst to hydrogen, yielding a Ni/In2O3 catalyst with a good performance at lower H2 concentrations with a 15 times adaptability for wider hydrogen fluctuation range than In2O3, greatly reducing the negative impact of unstable H2 supplies derived from renewable energies.
Regioselective and Stereospecific β‐Arabinofuranosylation by Boron‐Mediated Aglycon Delivery
Authors: Inaba Kazuki , Naito Yuna , Tachibana Mina , Toshima Kazunobu , Takahashi Daisuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRegio‐ and stereoselective formation of the 1,2‐cis‐furanosidic linkage has been in great demand for efficient synthesis of biologically active natural glycosides. In this study, we developed a regioselective and β‐stereospecific d‐/l‐arabinofuranosylation promoted by a boronic acid catalyst under mild conditions. The glycosylations proceeded smoothly for a variety of diols, triols, and unprotected sugar acceptors to give the corresponding β‐arabinofuranosides (β‐Arbf) in high yields with complete β‐stereoselectivity and high regioselectivity. The regioselectivity was completely reversed depending on the optical isomerism of the donor used and was predictable a priori using predictive models. Mechanistic studies based on DFT calculations revealed that the present glycosylation occurs through a highly dissociative concerted SNi mechanism. The usefulness of the glycosylation method was demonstrated by the chemical synthesis of trisaccharide structures of arabinogalactan fragments.
Synergistic effects of carbon fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene on the friction and wear behavior of polyarylene ether nitrile under dry lubrication condition
Authors: Wang Ting , He Liang , Liu Xiaobo , Tong Lifen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synergistic effects of carbon fiber (CF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the friction and wear behavior of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) under dry lubrication condition were studied. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the composites' surface after wear, the wear mechanism of the composites under dry sliding condition was analyzed. The research results show that the addition of solid lubricants PTFE and carbon fibers to PEN helps to enhance the properties of friction and wear. The specific wear rate is decreased to 5.7 × 10−7 mm3/N m at a PTFE composition of 5 wt%, which is optimized by 33.4% more than PEN/CF composites. In addition, wear mechanisms are mainly abrasive wear, accompanied by adhesive wear and plowing of the friction ring.
Enhanced tribological properties of polyimide composite with carbon fiber/graphitic‐carbon nitride nanosheets
Authors: Chen Beibei , Yang Bi , Tong Yang , Dong Wenquan , Li Jiaye , Qiu Shu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeveloping polymer self‐lubricating composites is of great significance for reducing mechanical friction and wear. In this study, a hybrid of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets anchored carbon fiber (CF) was constructed through one‐step calcination method to enhance the tribological performance of polyimide (PI). The presence of g‐C3N4 improved the interfacial interaction of CF/PI composite by endowing CF surface with active sites and rough microstructure. Tribological test results demonstrated that CF/g‐C3N4/PI composite had outstanding antifriction and wear resistance, with friction coefficient and wear rate of 0.209 and 2.23 × 10−7 mm3/Nm, which were reduced by 21% and 73.52% compared to pure PI, respectively. This was mainly attributed to the enhanced interfacial interaction, which was conducive to the stress transferring from PI to CF/g‐C3N4 in sliding process. At the same time, the g‐C3N4 nanosheets could give the composite excellent self‐lubrication property by promoting the formation of transfer film. More importantly, the as‐proposed CF/g‐C3N4/PI composite still maintained good self‐lubricating performance in different sliding environment, with a friction coefficient of 0.132 in water environment and 0.049 in oil environment, suggesting it had a broad prospect in polymer self‐lubricating composite. In addition, the corresponding mechanism was discussed based on the analysis of worn surface of the composite and counterpart.
The advances of the Chinese Brucella suis strain 2 vaccine
Authors: Li Peng , Jiang Hui , Feng Yu , Zhang Guangzhi , Banai Menachem , Ding Jiabo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrucellosis, a worldwide crucial zoonotic disease, poses global socioeconomic risks to the system by threatening human health and animal reproduction. In recent years, with the increase of animal husbandry, animal brucellosis has become a remarkable health issue in China. To prevent and control the spread of brucellosis, Brucella suis live strain S2 vaccine has been licensed as a multivalent vaccine against the three major zoonotic Brucella species, for example, Brucella melitensis (small ruminants), Brucella abortus (bovids), and B. suis (swine). Following this process, the country enforced control measures based upon B. suis S2 vaccination, which reduced the disease burden in 2022 to 0.66% in the livestock population. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the biological properties of the S2 vaccine and its wide use in vaccination programs of China, highlighting oral vaccination advantages, validation, and standardization of this vaccine as well as the progress of the S2 vaccination program achieved in the national control of the three zoonotic Brucella species.
Anwendung von UHFB im Brückenbau – Beispiele und Herausforderungen für die Praxis
Authors: Bredow Danica , Brühwiler Eugen , Thorstensen Rein Terje , Schacht Gregor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUHFB ist ein zementgebundener ultra‐hochleistungsfähiger Faserverbund‐Baustoff, der sich durch seine Materialeigenschaften für die Instandsetzung und Verstärkung von Betonbauwerken wie Brücken eignet. Eine auf das Stahlbetonbauteil aufgebrachte UHFB‐Schicht erhöht den Tragwiderstand signifikant und übernimmt auch die Abdichtungsfunktion. Während UHFB in der Schweiz, speziell für Brücken, schon regelmäßig angewendet wird, ist die Technologie vielerorts in Europa und weltweit noch relativ unbekannt und wird noch selten eingesetzt. Die Gründe hierfür sind vielfältig. Das Fehlen von normativen Grundlagen in vielen Ländern ist nur eine der Herausforderungen. Um eine Voraussetzung für eine Verbreitung von UHFB in Deutschland und anderen Ländern zu schaffen, sollte länderübergreifend zusammengearbeitet werden. Die Erfahrung der Schweiz mit mehr als 350 realisierten UHFB‐Projekten könnte von anderen Ländern genutzt werden, bspw. um eine europäische Norm zu entwickeln. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über mögliche Anwendungen von UHFB im Brückenbau, stellt den aktuellen Stand der Regelungen zu UHFB in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern vor und analysiert, welche Randbedingungen und Voraussetzungen erforderlich sind, damit sich eine neue Bauweise erfolgreich durchsetzen kann.
Learning curve of trans‐areola single‐site endoscopic thyroidectomy in a high‐volume center: A CUSUM‐based assessment
Authors: Zhan Ling , Xuan Ming , Ding Hao , Liang Juyong , Zhao Qiwu , Chen Lingxie , Yang Zheyu , Cheng Xi , Kuang Jie , Yan Jiqi , Cai Wei , Qiu Weihua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited attempts have been made in trans‐areola single‐site endoscopic thyroidectomy (TASSET) due to technical challenges and the lengthy time for proficiency. This study aimed to define the learning curve of TASSET and to describe improvements in operative performance over time.MethodsBased on 222 consecutive TASSET procedures, the learning curve was established according to the operation time by using cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM). The end‐point of learning curve was defined as the number of cases necessitated to reach the initial surgical proficiency stage. The demographic information, surgical and oncological outcomes, surgical stress, and postoperative complications were also analyzed.ResultsThere were 70 cases of simple lobectomy for benign nodules and 152 cases of lobectomy with central neck dissection (CND) for malignancy. The mean operative time was 106.54 ± 38.07 min (range: 46–274 min). The learning curve identified two phases: the skill acquisition phase (Case 1–Case 41) and the proficiency phase (Case 42–Case 222). There were no significant differences in demographic information, drainage amount and duration, oncological outcomes, and postoperative complications between the two phases (p > 0.05). Both operation time and postoperative hospitalization decreased significantly in Phase 2 (154.63 ± 52.21 vs. 95.64 ± 22.96 min, p < 0.001; 4.12 ± 0.93 vs. 3.65 ± 0.63 days, p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean variations of surgical stress factors (C‐reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) decreased significantly as the phase progress. The case number required for proficiency phase in benign and malignant tumor were 18 and 33, respectively, and lymph node resection posed a significant impact on the endpoint of the learning curve (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the size of nodule showed no significant impact (p = 0.622). For right‐handed surgeons, 16 cases and 25 cases were required for technical competence in left‐sided and right‐sided lesions, respectively, and no significant difference reached (p = 0.266).ConclusionsTASSET has demonstrated safe and technically feasible with comparable oncological outcomes. Experience of 41 cases was required for surgical competence and proficiency. The initial learning stage could be more quickly adopted by high‐volume thyroid surgeons with standardized procedures.
A New Pathway for the Synthesis of Ketones from Aldehydes and Sulfonylhydrazones: Is Diazo the Key Intermediate?
Authors: Wang Yue‐xing , Chen Li‐ping , Cao Feng‐de , Zhao Bin , Li Zhen‐peng , Li Xiu‐fen , Huang Long‐jiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new pathway via a cyclic intermediate for the synthesis of ketones from aldehydes and sulfonylhydrazone derivatives under basic conditions is proposed. Several control experiments were performed along with analysis of the mass spectra and in‐situ IR spectra of the reaction mixture. Inspired by the new mechanism, an efficient and scalable method for homologation of aldehydes to ketones was developed. A wide variety of target ketones were obtained in yields of 42–95 % by simply heating the 3‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene sulfonylhydrazones (3‐(Tfsyl)hydrazone) for 2 h at 110 °C with aldehydes and with K2CO3 and DMSO as base and solvent, respectively.