bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance assessment of drop tube reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis using process simulator
Authors: Wako Fekadu Mosisa , Pio Gianmaria , Lofti Ashraf , Salzano Ernesto , Farooqui Azharuddin , Mahinpey Nader 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiomass pyrolysis process from a drop tube reactor was modelled in a plug flow reactor using Aspen Plus process simulation software. A kinetic mechanism for pyrolysis was developed considering the recent improvements and updated kinetic schemes to account for different content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this regard, oak, beechwood, rice straw, and cassava stalk biomasses were analyzed. The main phenomena governing the pyrolysis process are identified in terms of the characteristic times. Pyrolysis process was found to be reaction rate controlled. Effects of pyrolysis temperature on bio‐oil, gases, and char yields were evaluated. At optimum pyrolysis conditions (i.e., 500°C), a bio‐oil yield of 67.3, 64, 43, and 52 wt.% were obtained from oak, beechwood, rice straw, and cassava stalk, respectively. Oak and beechwood were found to give high yields of bio‐oil, while rice straw produced high gas and char yields compared to other biomasses. Although temperature is the main factor that plays a key role in the distribution of pyrolysis products, the composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the feedstock also determines the yield behaviour and composition of products. With the rise in pyrolysis temperature, further decomposition of intermediate components was initiated favouring the formation of lighter fractions. Comparably, species belonging to the aldehyde chemical family had the highest share of bio‐oil components in all the investigated feedstocks. Overall, the present study shows a good agreement with the experimental study reported in the literature, confirming its validity as a predictive tool for the biomass pyrolysis process.
Electronic Structure, Aromaticity and Optical Properties of Dehydro[10]annulene
Authors: Gai Xinwen , Zhang Lei , Wang Jingang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDehydro[10]annulene had been prepared experimentally recently, which is considered to be a highly rigid structure with planar configuration. In this paper, the electronic structure and bonding character of dehydro[10]annulene had been studied by means of molecular orbital (MO), density of states (DOS), bond order (BO) and interaction region indicator (IRI) analyses. The delocalization characters of out‐of‐plane and in‐plane π‐electrons (πout‐ and πin‐electrons) of the bond regions were studied by using localized orbital locator (LOL). The anisotropy of the induced current density (AICD), iso‐chemical shielding surface (ICSS) and anisotropy of the gauge‐including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) were used to investigate the molecular response to external magnetic field, including the induced ring current and the magnetic shielding characteristic. The results showed that the electron delocalization of dehydro[10]annulene is mainly contributed by πout system. The apparent clockwise current in the πout system proved that dehydro[10]annulene is πout aromatic. Finally, the photophysical properties and (hyper)polarizability of dehydro[10]annulene were studied by TD‐DFT calculation. The results showed that dehydro[10]annulene has strong local excitation characters. Its (hyper)polarizability decreases with the increase of frequency and has the characteristics of nonlinear anisotropy.
Construction of a 21‐Membered‐Ring Orifice on [60]Fullerene
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Sadai Shumpei , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOpen‐[60]fullerenes possessing a huge orifice with a ring‐atom count exceeding 19 have been confined to only a few examples. Herein, we report a 20‐membered‐ring orifice which enables for a guest molecule such as H2, N2, and CH3OH to be encapsulated inside the [60]fullerene cavity. In addition, a 21‐membered‐ring orifice was prepared via a reductive decarbonylation, in which one of the carbon atoms was moved out of the [60]fullerene skeleton as an N,N‐dimethylamide group. At a low temperature of −30 °C, an Ar atom was encapsulated with an occupation level up to 52 %. At around room temperature, the amide group on the orifice rotates along with the C(amide)−C(fullerene) bond axis, realizing a self‐inclusion of the methyl substituent on the amide group as confirmed NMR spectroscopically and computationally.
Productivity variation and stability of intensive forage‐winter wheat cropping systems on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Lai Xingfa , Guan Tongtong , Dong Xiu , Jia Xueyi , Shen Yuying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntegrating forage crops into the continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system can be used for increasing rural population income and maintaining grain production on the Loess Plateau. The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate economic yield (EYyield), dry matter yield (DMyield), crude protein yield (CPyield), wheat equivalent yield (WEyield), and food equivalent yield (FEUyield) when incorporating annual forages (oat [Avena sativa L.], soybean [Glycine max L.], and vetch [Vicia sativa L.]) into the traditional fallow‐winter wheat system from a 4‐year (2016–2020) experiment on the Loess Plateau of China. Results showed that incorporating annual forages into the continuous wheat system significantly increased system productivity. Among the four growing seasons, average system DMyield values for fallow‐winter wheat (F‐W), oat‐winter wheat (O‐W), soybean‐winter wheat (S‐W), and vetch‐winter wheat (V‐W) were 10348.52, 13854.15, 14679.94, and 12185.29 kg ha−1, respectively. The average wheat EYyield values were 3777.82, 3115.19, 4020.76, and 3180.71 kg ha−1, respectively. The average forage DMyield values were 0.00, 5497.19, 4284.64, and 2817.50 kg ha−1, respectively. The S‐W system had the highest DMyield and CPyield (1350.10 kg ha−1), and also had DMyield with the smallest variation (CV = 15.21%). The O‐W, S‐W, and V‐W systems produced FEUyield values that were 48.67%, 68.46%, and 30.53%, respectively, greater than the F‐W system. When considering market prices and yields, the S‐W system increased wheat gain yield and had the highest WEyield (6607.90 kg ha−1). Therefore, in consideration of forage quality, winter wheat production, and system productivity, we recommend the S‐W system for local farmers on the Loess Plateau.
Guidelines on offloading foot ulcers in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2023 update)
Authors: Bus Sicco A. , Armstrong David G. , Crews Ryan T. , Gooday Catherine , Jarl Gustav , Kirketerp‐Moller Klaus , Viswanathan Vijay , Lazzarini Peter A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsOffloading mechanical tissue stress is arguably the most important of multiple interventions needed to heal diabetes‐related foot ulcers. This is the 2023 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) evidence‐based guideline on offloading interventions to promote healing of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes. It serves as an update of the 2019 IWGDF guideline.Materials and MethodsWe followed the GRADE approach by devising clinical questions and important outcomes in the PICO (Patient‐Intervention‐Control‐Outcome) format, undertaking a systematic review and meta‐analyses, developing summary of judgement tables and writing recommendations and rationales for each question. Each recommendation is based on the evidence found in the systematic review, expert opinion where evidence was not available, and a careful weighing of GRADE summary of judgement items including desirable and undesirable effects, certainty of evidence, patient values, resources required, cost effectiveness, equity, feasibility, and acceptability.ResultsFor healing a neuropathic plantar forefoot or midfoot ulcer in a person with diabetes, use a non‐removable knee‐high offloading device as the first‐choice offloading intervention. If contraindications or patient intolerance to non‐removable offloading exist, consider using a removable knee‐high or ankle‐high offloading device as the second‐choice offloading intervention. If no offloading devices are available, consider using appropriately fitting footwear combined with felted foam as the third‐choice offloading intervention. If such a non‐surgical offloading treatment fails to heal a plantar forefoot ulcer, consider an Achilles tendon lengthening, metatarsal head resection, joint arthroplasty, or metatarsal osteotomy. For healing a neuropathic plantar or apex lesser digit ulcer secondary to flexibile toe deformity, use digital flexor tendon tenotomy. For healing rearfoot, non‐plantar or ulcers complicated with infection or ischaemia, further recommendations have been outlined. All recommendations have been summarised in an offloading clinical pathway to help facilitate the implementation of this guideline into clinical practice.ConclusionThese offloading guideline recommendations should help healthcare professionals provide the best care and outcomes for persons with diabetes‐related foot ulcers and reduce the person's risk of infection, hospitalisation and amputation.
β‐Catenin in the kidney stroma modulates pathways and genes to regulate kidney development
Authors: Deacon Erin , Li Anna , Boivin Felix , Dvorkin‐Gheva Anna , Cunanan Joanna , Bridgewater Darren 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundKidney development is regulated by cellular interactions between the ureteric epithelium, mesenchyme, and stroma. Previous studies demonstrate essential roles for stromal β‐catenin in kidney development. However, how stromal β‐catenin regulates kidney development is not known. We hypothesize that stromal β‐catenin modulates pathways and genes that facilitate communications with neighboring cell populations to regulate kidney development.ResultsWe isolated purified stromal cells with wild type, deficient, and overexpressed β‐catenin by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and conducted RNA Sequencing. A Gene Ontology network analysis demonstrated that stromal β‐catenin modulates key kidney developmental processes, including branching morphogenesis, nephrogenesis and vascular formation. Specific stromal β‐catenin candidate target genes that may mediate these effects included secreted, cell‐surface and transcriptional factors that regulate branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis (Wnts, Bmp, Fgfr, Tcf/Lef) and secreted vascular guidance cues (Angpt1, VEGF, Sema3a). We validated established β‐catenin targets including Lef1 and novel candidate β‐catenin targets including Sema3e which have unknown roles in kidney development.ConclusionsThese studies advance our understanding of gene and biological pathway dysregulation in the context of stromal β‐catenin misexpression during kidney development. Our findings suggest that during normal kidney development, stromal β‐catenin may regulate secreted and cell‐surface proteins to communicate with adjacent cell populations.
A values‐engaged, educative training model for novice evaluators
Authors: Reid Aileen M. , Boyce Ayesha S. , Chuquiruna Joy Alcantara , Somo‐Aina Omodolapo , Malloy Caraline , Stephenson Sara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe next generation of evaluators must be trained and mentored in high‐quality technical, strengths‐based, interpersonal, contextual, social justice‐oriented, and values‐engaged evaluation. In this chapter, we present a non‐course‐based, real‐world‐focused, adaptable training model for anyone working with novice evaluators. In creating this model, we have drawn from our multiple identities—educator, faculty, graduate student, first‐generation, woman, Black, Latina, white, United States Citizen, immigrant, wife, mother, advocate, and change agent—and from our experiences, previous research on evaluation, culturally responsive evaluation approaches, higher education literature, and personal reflections. We outline our values‐engaged, educative training model and discuss its three key components. We conclude with thoughts about what evaluator education could and should become.
Individualized targeting is warranted in subcallosal cingulate gyrus deep brain stimulation for treatment‐resistant depression: A tractography analysis
Authors: Zhu Zhoule , Han Jiawei , Zhu He , Cai Chengwei , Feng Chen , Guo Xinxia , Ying Yuqi , Jiang Hongjie , Zheng Zhe , Zhang Jianmin , Zhu Junming , Wu Hemmings 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSubcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) is a target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment‐resistant depression. However, previous randomized controlled trials report that approximately 42% of patients are responders to this therapy of last resort, and suboptimal targeting of SCG is a potential underlying factor to this unsatisfactory efficacy. Tractography has been proposed as a supplementary method to enhance targeting strategy. We performed a connectivity‐based segmentation in the SCG region via probabilistic tractography in 100 healthy volunteers from the Human Connectome Project. The SCG voxels with maximum connectivity to brain regions implicated in depression, including Brodmann Area 10 (BA10), cingulate cortex, thalamus, and nucleus accumbens were identified, and the conjunctions were deemed as tractography‐based targets. We then performed deterministic tractography using these targets in additional 100 volunteers to calculate streamline counts compassing to relevant brain regions and fibers. We also evaluated the intra‐ and inter‐subject variance using test–retest dataset. Two tractography‐based targets were identified. Tractography‐based target‐1 had the highest streamline counts to right BA10 and bilateral cingulate cortex, while tractography‐based target‐2 had the highest streamline counts to bilateral nucleus accumbens and uncinate fasciculus. The mean linear distance from individual tractography‐based target to anatomy‐based target was 3.2 ± 1.8 mm and 2.5 ± 1.4 mm in left and right hemispheres. The mean ± SD of targets between intra‐ and inter‐subjects were 2.2 ± 1.2 and 2.9 ± 1.4 in left hemisphere, and 2.3 ± 1.4 and 3.1 ± 1.7 in right hemisphere, respectively. Individual heterogeneity as well as inherent variability from diffusion imaging should be taken into account during SCG‐DBS target planning procedure.
Bringing a Mechanistic Lens to the Development of New Transfer Hydroarylation Isodesmic Reactions for the Synthesis of Amides, Thioamides, Amidines, Alkenes and Ketones from Carboxylic Acids via Extrusion and Insertion Elementary Steps
Authors: O'Hair Richard A. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe wide availability, ease of handling and structural and functional diversity make carboxylic acids prized building blocks in organic synthesis. The past two decades has seen an explosion of interest in the development of new modes of reactivity of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Of these, metal‐mediated decarboxylation reactions are attractive as they produce organometallic intermediates that can subsequently be used in C−X (where X=C, N, S etc) bond coupling reactions. Here the results of mechanistic studies integrating both gas‐ and condensed‐phase work are described for development of new extrusion‐insertion (ExIn) classes of reactions for the synthesis of amides, thioamides, amidines, alkenes and ketones from arylcarboxylic acids and suitable (hetero)cumulenes.
Open doors: The impact of border reforming and opening policies on the regional border economies of China
Authors: Zhang Xiekui , Zuo Xinfeng , Chen Xinjian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe openness and security of a country's borders is a matter of concern for countries worldwide. Since its reform and opening up in 1978, China has implemented reforming and opening policies in border regions, as represented by the “Xingbian Fumin Xingdong” (Revitalize Border Areas and Enrich Residents' Lives Policy [RBAERL Policy]) to achieve economic prosperity and stability. This study evaluated the impacts of the RBAERL policy in terms of outcomes related to county‐level economic growth in China's border regions. Using China's county‐level panel data from 1999 to 2016, we applied a spatial discontinuity design with the geographical boundary serving as the running variable. We found that the RBAERL policy contributed significantly to the economic growth of the border counties. These results were shown to be robust when measured against a series of test procedures. Through a by‐segment analysis of the border regions, we found that the policy had the strongest effect in northeastern China. Further mechanism analysis showed that the effect of per capita GDP growth primarily resulted from the expansion of the industrial sector along with physical and human capital investment rather than the promotion of employment and the growth of total factor productivity. The findings of this study can provide references for the importance of open borders for economic development and national security.
PtZn@CN/CC derived from ZIF–86 for high‐performance hydrogen evolution in acid and alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Wang Yajie , Lu Shuangqiang , Wang Yi , Wang Bin , Liu Zhongqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe high cost and scarcity of Pt metal limit the large‐scale applicability of the excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst.ObjectiveThe current study aims to generate high‐performance HER electrodes with low Pt content.MethodsNitrogen‐doped carbon support has been produced via hydrothermal and calcination treatments of ZIF‐8 precursor. By applying drop coating, a CN/CC electrode support is fabricated before it is further decorated with Pt nanoparticles to afford a PtZn@CN/CC composite electrode through a cyclic voltammetry (CV) method.ResultsIn 0.5 M H2SO4 at room temperature, the electrode achieves an HER overpotential of 74 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2. When the electrolyte is 1 M KOH, the electrode functions even more favorably with an overpotential of 55 mV under the same experimental conditions. The HER performance increases with a gain in temperature. At 80°C, alkaline overpotential of the electrode becomes 29 mV, much superior to the 20% Pt/C/CC electrode.ConclusionThe study paves the method of feasibly constructing a high‐performance HER electrode with low Pt content. This composite electrode imparts synergistic effects between PtZn nanoparticles and CN support that enhance the electrochemically active surface area while reducing the reaction impedance to provide outstanding hydrogen evolution performance.
Self‐dual association schemes, fusions of Hamming schemes, and partial geometric designs
Authors: Xu Bangteng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPartial geometric designs can be constructed from basic relations of association schemes. An infinite family of partial geometric designs were constructed from the fusion schemes of certain Hamming schemes in work by Nowak et al. (2016). A general method to create partial geometric designs from association schemes is given by Xu (2023). In this paper, we continue the research by Xu (2023). We will first study the properties and characterizations of self‐dual association schemes. Then using the characterizations of self‐dual association schemes and the representation theory (character tables) of commutative association schemes, we obtain characterizations and classifications of self‐dual (symmetric or nonsymmetric) association schemes of rank 4 that produce as many as possible nontrivial partial geometric designs or 2‐designs. In particular, for a primitive self‐dual symmetric association scheme of rank 4, if is a power of 3 and each of , , and induces a partial geometric design, then we will prove that is algebraically isomorphic to a fusion scheme of the Hamming scheme for some odd number .
Construction and validation of prognostic scoring models to risk stratify patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome‐related diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Han , Liu Rongqiu , Tao Yu , Bertero Luca , Feng Lizhi , Liu Bo , Chen Zhimin , Guan Jialong , Liao Baolin , Li Linghua , He Haolan , You Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related diffuse large B cell lymphoma (AR‐DLBCL) is a rare disease with a high risk of mortality. There is no specific prognostic model for patients with AR‐DLBCL. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with AR‐DLBCL were enrolled in our study. Clinical features and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, opportunistic infection (OI) at lymphoma diagnosis, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were selected to construct the OS model; CNS involvement, OI at lymphoma diagnosis, elevated LDH, and over four chemotherapy cycles were selected to construct the PFS model. The area under the curve and C‐index of GZMU OS and PFS models were 0.786/0.712; 0.829/0.733, respectively. The models we constructed showed better risk stratification than International Prognostic Index (IPI), age‐adjusted IPI, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network‐IPI. Furthermore, in combined cohort, the Hosmer−Lemeshow test showed that the models were good fits (OS: p = 0.8244; PFS: p = 0.9968) and the decision curve analysis demonstrated a significantly better net benefit. The prognostic efficacy of the proposed models was validated independently and outperformed the currently available prognostic tools. These novel prognostic models will help to tackle a clinically relevant unmet need.
Utility of the social vulnerability index to risk stratify atrial fibrillation mortality outcomes
Authors: Ibrahim Ramzi , Ravi Soumiya , Habib Adam , Lee Justin Z. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultiple methods of quantifying social determinants of health exist, such as the social vulnerability index (SVI). We assess the impact of the SVI on atrial fibrillation (AF)‐related cardiovascular disease mortality.MethodsCDC databases were used to obtain mortality and SVI information. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were compared among all US counties, aggregated by SVI quartiles.ResultsAAMR was not increased in counties within the highest SVI quartile, consistent across gender and geographic subgroups.ConclusionsIncreased SVI is a poor marker to predict mortality outcomes associated with AF.