bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismogenic Structure of the 2014 M6.5 Ludian Earthquake From Three‐Dimensional Joint Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data and Seismic Arrival Times
Authors: Huang Yuqi , Moorkamp Max , Gao Ji , Zhang Haijiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOn 3 August 2014, a destructive earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 occurred in the Ludian region in Yunan, China, causing heavy casualties. However, the seismogenic structure of the Ludian earthquake is still unclear. To address this issue, we have developed a three‐dimensional joint inversion algorithm for magnetotelluric data and seismic body wave arrival times based on the cross gradient structural similarity constraint, which utilizes the complementary advantages of the two different datasets. We use arrival times of P‐ and S‐waves from 6,369 local earthquakes recorded by 30 seismic stations and magnetotelluric impedances from 127 MT stations to perform the joint inversion to construct a combined 3‐D P‐wave velocity (Vp), S‐wave velocity (Vs), and resistivity models and the locations of relocated aftershocks in the source region of the Ludian earthquake. Our models show significant low Vp/Vs ratios and low resistivity in the upper crust of the main shock zone, and the relocated aftershocks form an L‐shaped zone. Based on petrophysical studies and analysis of the cross‐plots of different physical properties, we infer the existence of cracks/fractures and fluids as well as high quartz contents in the source region. These fluids may play a key role in promoting the Ludian earthquake by reducing the effective normal stress of the fault zone, and the existence of high quartz contents further makes the crustal rocks in the source region more brittle. Our study provides a new evidence how the properties of the crust in the focal area have some control on the genesis of moderate to large earthquakes.
The Proximal Ejecta Around the Marine‐Target Lockne Impact Structure, Sweden
Authors: Sturkell Erik , Ormö Jens , Hegardt Eric Austin , Stockmann Gabrielle , Meland Erik , Wikström Torbjörn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVery few impact craters on Earth have preserved proximal ejecta (ejecta blanket), which when present help us to better understand the cratering processes when asteroid hits Earth. The 458 Ma old Lockne impact structure consists of a 7.5‐km wide nested crater in the crystalline basement surrounded by an approximately 3‐km wide brim developed in the upper sedimentary target. The asteroid struck a marine environment with 500 m sea water, 50‐m lithified limestone, and 30 m of Cambrian clay covering a peneplainized crystalline basement. The transient crater that developed in rock and water obtained a “soup‐plate” shape and reached about 7 km from the impact crater center, the farthest on the down‐range side. The brim of the soup‐plate was partially stripped of Ordovician limestone and water before the emplacement of inner impact crater ejecta. Most of the ejecta rest upon the Cambrian clay (today shale). The asteroid struck obliquely from the east, which is reflected in the ejecta distribution. The proximal ejecta field is divided into two crescent‐shaped areas to the northwest and southwest of the nested crater and covers 26 km2. Resistivity profiles, mapping, and core drilling show that the thickness of the ejecta masses range between 30 and 50 m with a total volume of about 1 km3. They were not re‐worked by the resurge. They represent roughly 26 vol% of the calculated excavated volume of crystalline rocks. Thus, it can be concluded that the Lockne impact crater has a well‐preserved ejecta blanket.
Diffusion-free valve for preprogrammed immunoassay with capillary microfluidics
Authors: Azizian Pooya , Casals-Terré Jasmina , Ricart Jordi , Cabot Joan M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy manipulating the geometry and surface chemistry of microfluidic channels, capillary-driven microfluidics can move and stop fluids spontaneously without external instrumentation. Furthermore, complex microfluidic circuits can be preprogrammed by synchronizing the capillary pressures and encoding the surface tensions of microfluidic chips. A key component of these systems is the capillary valve. However, the main concern for these valves is the presence of unwanted diffusion during the valve loading and activation steps that can cause cross-contamination. In this study, we design and validate a novel diffusion-free capillary valve: the π-valve. This valve consists of a 3D structure and a void area. The void acts as a spacer between two fluids to avoid direct contact. When the valve is triggered, the air trapped within the void is displaced by pneumatic suction induced from the capillary flow downstream without introducing a gas bubble into the circuit. The proposed design eliminates diffusive mixing before valve activation. Numerical simulation is used to study the function and optimize the dimensions of the π-valve, and 3D printing is used to fabricate either the mould or the microfluidic chip. A comparison with a conventional valve (based on a constriction-expansion valve) demonstrates that the π-valve eliminates possible backflow into the valve and reduces the mixing and diffusion during the loading and trigger steps. As a proof-of-concept, this valve is successfully implemented in a capillary-driven circuit for the determination of benzodiazepine, achieving the successive release of 3 solutions in a 3D-printed microfluidic chip without external instrumentation. The results show a 40% increase in the fluorescence intensity using the π-valve relative to the conventional value. Overall, the π-valve prevents cross-contamination, minimizes sample use, and facilitates a sophisticated preprogrammed release of fluids, offering a promising tool for conducting automated immunoassays applicable at point-of-care testing.
Bifidobacterium infantis as a probiotic in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Batta Vamsi K. , Rao Shripada C. , Patole Sanjay K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBifidobacterium infantishas special abilities to utilise human milk oligosaccharides. Hence we hypothesised that probiotic supplements containingB. infantismay confer greater benefits to preterm infants than probiotic supplements withoutB. infantis.MethodsA systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted according to standard guidelines. We selected RCTs evaluating probiotics compared to placebo or no treatment in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Probiotic effects on Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), Late Onset Sepsis (LOS) and Mortality were analysed separately for RCTs in which the supplemented probiotic product containedB. infantisand those that did not containB. infantis.Results67 RCTs were included (n = 14,606), of which 16 used probiotics containingB. infantis(Subgroup A) and 51 RCTs did not (Subgroup B) Meta-analysis of all RCTs indicated that probiotics reduced the risk of NEC, LOS, and mortality. The subgroup meta-analysis demonstrated greater reduction in the incidence of NEC in subgroup A than subgroup B [(relative risk in subgroup A: 0.38; 95% CI, 0.27–0.55) versus (0.67; 95% CI, 0.55–0.81) in subgroup B;pvalue for subgroup difference: 0.01].ConclusionsThese results provide indirect evidence that probiotic supplements that includeB. infantismay be more beneficial for preterm infants. Well-designed RCTs are necessary to confirm these findings.ImpactEvidence is emerging that beneficial effects of probiotics are species and strain specific.This systematic review analyses ifB. infantissupplementation provides an advantage to preterm infants.This is the first systematic review evaluating the effects of probiotics containingB.infantisin preterm infants.The results of this systematic review provides indirect evidence that probiotics that includeB. infantismay be more beneficial for preterm infants. These results will help in guiding future research and clinical practice for usingB. infantisas a probiotic in preterm infants.
Establishment and identification of an animal model of Hirschsprung disease in suckling mice
Authors: Lan Chaoting , Wu Yuxin , Liu Yanqing , Wang Ning , Su Meiling , Qin Dingjiang , Zhong Weiyong , Zhao Xinying , Zhu Yun , He Qiuming , Xia Huimin , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital intestinal malformation. Previous HSCR animal model needs invasive operation on adult animal. The aim of this study is to establish an early-onset animal model which is consistent with the clinical manifestation of HSCR patients.

Methods
The neonatal mice were randomly divided into the benzalkonium chloride (BAC) group, treated with BAC via enema, and the control group, treated with saline. Weight changes, excretion time of carmine, CT scan, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the effect of the model. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HSCR mice were analyzed by using DAVID 6.8 database and compared with DEGs from HSCR patients.

Results
The weight of mice was lower and the excretion time of carmine was longer in the BAC group. Moreover, distal colon stenosis and proximal colon enlargement appeared in the BAC group. Neurons in the distal colon decreased significantly after 4 weeks of BAC treatment and almost disappeared completely after 12 weeks. Transcriptome profiling of the mouse model and HSCR patients is similar in terms of altered gene expression.

Conclusions
An economical and reliable HSCR animal model which has similar clinical characteristics to HSCR patients was successfully established.

Impact

The animal model of Hirschsprung disease was first established in BALB/c mice.

This model is an animal model of early-onset HSCR that is easy to operate and consistent with clinical manifestations.

Transcriptome profiling of the mouse model and HSCR patients is similar in terms of altered gene expression.
Altered brain dynamic in major depressive disorder: state and trait features
Authors: Javaheripour Nooshin , Colic Lejla , Opel Nils , Li Meng , Maleki Balajoo Somayeh , Chand Tara , Van der Meer Johan , Krylova Marina , Izyurov Igor , Meller Tina , Goltermann Janik , Winter Nils R. , Meinert Susanne , Grotegerd Dominik , Jansen Andreas , Alexander Nina , Usemann Paula , Thomas-Odenthal Florian , Evermann Ulrika , Wroblewski Adrian , Brosch Katharina , Stein Frederike , Hahn Tim , Straube Benjamin , Krug Axel , Nenadić Igor , Kircher Tilo , Croy Ilona , Dannlowski Udo , Wagner Gerd , Walter Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTemporal neural synchrony disruption can be linked to a variety of symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), including mood rigidity and the inability to break the cycle of negative emotion or attention biases. This might imply that altered dynamic neural synchrony may play a role in the persistence and exacerbation of MDD symptoms. Our study aimed to investigate the changes in whole-brain dynamic patterns of the brain functional connectivity and activity related to depression using the hidden Markov model (HMM) on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. We compared the patterns of brain functional dynamics in a large sample of 314 patients with MDD (65.9% female; age (mean ± standard deviation): 35.9 ± 13.4) and 498 healthy controls (59.4% female; age: 34.0 ± 12.8). The HMM model was used to explain variations in rs-fMRI functional connectivity and averaged functional activity across the whole-brain by using a set of six unique recurring states. This study compared the proportion of time spent in each state and the average duration of visits to each state to assess stability between different groups. Compared to healthy controls, patients with MDD showed significantly higher proportional time spent and temporal stability in a state characterized by weak functional connectivity within and between all brain networks and relatively strong averaged functional activity of regions located in the somatosensory motor (SMN), salience (SN), and dorsal attention (DAN) networks. Both proportional time spent and temporal stability of this brain state was significantly associated with depression severity. Healthy controls, in contrast to the MDD group, showed proportional time spent and temporal stability in a state with relatively strong functional connectivity within and between all brain networks but weak averaged functional activity across the whole brain. These findings suggest that disrupted brain functional synchrony across time is present in MDD and associated with current depression severity.
Identity, structure, and function of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: controversies, consensus, recent advances, and future directions
Authors: Bernardi Paolo , Gerle Christoph , Halestrap Andrew P. , Jonas Elizabeth A. , Karch Jason , Mnatsakanyan Nelli , Pavlov Evgeny , Sheu Shey-Shing , Soukas Alexander A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) describes a Ca2+-dependent and cyclophilin D (CypD)-facilitated increase of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability that allows diffusion of molecules up to 1.5 kDa in size. It is mediated by a non-selective channel, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Sustained mPTP opening causes mitochondrial swelling, which ruptures the outer mitochondrial membrane leading to subsequent apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and is implicated in a range of pathologies. However, transient mPTP opening at various sub-conductance states may contribute several physiological roles such as alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics and rapid Ca2+ efflux. Since its discovery decades ago, intensive efforts have been made to identify the exact pore-forming structure of the mPT. Both the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and, more recently, the mitochondrial F1FO (F)-ATP synthase dimers, monomers or c-subunit ring alone have been implicated. Here we share the insights of several key investigators with different perspectives who have pioneered mPT research. We critically assess proposed models for the molecular identity of the mPTP and the mechanisms underlying its opposing roles in the life and death of cells. We provide in-depth insights into current controversies, seeking to achieve a degree of consensus that will stimulate future innovative research into the nature and role of the mPTP.
Dissecting peri-implantation development using cultured human embryos and embryo-like assembloids
Authors: Ai Zongyong , Niu Baohua , Yin Yu , Xiang Lifeng , Shi Gaohui , Duan Kui , Wang Sile , Hu Yingjie , Zhang Chi , Zhang Chengting , Rong Lujuan , Kong Ruize , Chen Tingwei , Guo Yixin , Liu Wanlu , Li Nan , Zhao Shumei , Zhu Xiaoqing , Mai Xuancheng , Li Yonggang , Wu Ze , Zheng Yi , Fu Jianping , Ji Weizhi , Li Tianqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudies of cultured embryos have provided insights into human peri-implantation development. However, detailed knowledge of peri-implantation lineage development as well as underlying mechanisms remains obscure. Using 3D-cultured human embryos, herein we report a complete cell atlas of the early post-implantation lineages and decipher cellular composition and gene signatures of the epiblast and hypoblast derivatives. In addition, we develop an embryo-like assembloid (E-assembloid) by assembling naive hESCs and extraembryonic cells. Using human embryos and E-assembloids, we reveal that WNT, BMP and Nodal signaling pathways synergistically, but functionally differently, orchestrate human peri-implantation lineage development. Specially, we dissect mechanisms underlying extraembryonic mesoderm and extraembryonic endoderm specifications. Finally, an improved E-assembloid is developed to recapitulate the epiblast and hypoblast development and tissue architectures in the pre-gastrulation human embryo. Our findings provide insights into human peri-implantation development, and the E-assembloid offers a useful model to disentangle cellular behaviors and signaling interactions that drive human embryogenesis.
Show don’t tell: assessing the impact of co-developed patient information videos in paediatric uveitis
Authors: Khalil Rana , Kellett Salomey , Petrushkin Harry , Twomey Christine , Rahi Jugnoo , Solebo Ameenat Lola 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
There is a paucity of online educational content targeting children and young people with uveitis. We evaluated the impact of a co-designed patient education video on subjective and objective understanding of childhood uveitis.

Subjects/Methods
Co-designed patient education media were produced in collaboration with the Childhood Uveitis Studies steering group and the Great Ormond Street Hospital Generation R Young People’s Advisory Group and narrated by children. Patients managed within the Uveitis service at GOSH were invited to take part in a pre–post survey, undertaken immediately prior to and following viewing of a patient education video.

Results
Forty-three patients participated. These were stratified according to age, duration of disease, and treatment type for analysis. Self-rated knowledge improved across all groups (p = 0.001), particularly in those with a new diagnosis of uveitis (Z = −8.124, p < 0.001). Objective knowledge scores improved across all questions, especially in younger children, those with new disease, and those on steroid only treatment (Z = −3.847, p < 0.001, Z = −3.975, p < 0.001, Z = −3.448, p < 0.001; respectively). Most participants reported the videos to be easy to understand and with the right amount of information. All stated that they learned something new.

Conclusions
Patient understanding of disease and treatment is crucial to achieving the best possible outcomes for this chronic, relapsing remitting and potentially blinding disorder. Our findings data shows the potential value of co-designed patient information videos, specifically in our study benefitting younger patients and those recently diagnosed. We suggest that other clinical teams could collaborate fruitfully with patient groups to develop similar videos to target possible misinformation and potentially improve patient outcomes.
Integrating full and partial genome sequences to decipher the global spread of canine rabies virus
Authors: Holtz Andrew , Baele Guy , Bourhy Hervé , Zhukova Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the rapid growth in viral genome sequencing, statistical methods face challenges in handling historical viral endemic diseases with large amounts of underutilized partial sequence data. We propose a phylogenetic pipeline that harnesses both full and partial viral genome sequences to investigate historical pathogen spread between countries. Its application to rabies virus (RABV) yields precise dating and confident estimates of its geographic dispersal. By using full genomes and partial sequences, we reduce both geographic and genetic biases that often hinder studies that focus on specific genes. Our pipeline reveals an emergence of the present canine-mediated RABV between years 1301 and 1403 and reveals regional introductions over a 700-year period. This geographic reconstruction enables us to locate episodes of human-mediated introductions of RABV and examine the role that European colonization played in its spread. Our approach enables phylogeographic analysis of large and genetically diverse data sets for many viral pathogens.
Maternal TDP-43 interacts with RNA Pol II and regulates zygotic genome activation
Authors: Nie Xiaoqing , Xu Qianhua , Xu Chengpeng , Chen Fengling , Wang Qizhi , Qin Dandan , Wang Rui , Gao Zheng , Lu Xukun , Yang Xinai , Wu Yu , Gu Chen , Xie Wei , Li Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractZygotic genome activation (ZGA) is essential for early embryonic development. However, the regulation of ZGA remains elusive in mammals. Here we report that a maternal factor TDP-43, a nuclear transactive response DNA-binding protein, regulates ZGA through RNA Pol II and is essential for mouse early embryogenesis. Maternal TDP-43 translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus at the early two-cell stage when minor to major ZGA transition occurs. Genetic deletion of maternal TDP-43 results in mouse early embryos arrested at the two-cell stage. TDP-43 co-occupies with RNA Pol II as large foci in the nucleus and also at the promoters of ZGA genes at the late two-cell stage. Biochemical evidence indicates that TDP-43 binds Polr2a and Cyclin T1. Depletion of maternal TDP-43 caused the loss of Pol II foci and reduced Pol II binding on chromatin at major ZGA genes, accompanied by defective ZGA. Collectively, our results suggest that maternal TDP-43 is critical for mouse early embryonic development, in part through facilitating the correct RNA Pol II configuration and zygotic genome activation.
Restoration of PITPNA in Type 2 diabetic human islets reverses pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction
Authors: Yeh Yu-Te , Sona Chandan , Yan Xin , Li Yunxiao , Pathak Adrija , McDermott Mark I. , Xie Zhigang , Liu Liangwen , Arunagiri Anoop , Wang Yuting , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Ghosh Adhideb , von Meyenn Ferdinand , Kumarasamy Sivarajan , Najjar Sonia M. , Jia Shiqi , Wenk Markus R. , Traynor-Kaplan Alexis , Arvan Peter , Barg Sebastian , Bankaitis Vytas A. , Poy Matthew N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDefects in insulin processing and granule maturation are linked to pancreatic beta-cell failure during type 2 diabetes (T2D). Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha (PITPNA) stimulates activity of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4-OH kinase to produce sufficient PtdIns-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P) in the trans-Golgi network to promote insulin granule maturation.PITPNAin beta-cells of T2D human subjects is markedly reduced suggesting its depletion accompanies beta-cell dysfunction. Conditional deletion ofPitpnain the beta-cells ofIns-Cre, Pitpnaflox/floxmice leads to hyperglycemia resulting from decreasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and reducing pancreatic beta-cell mass. Furthermore,PITPNAsilencing in human islets confirms its role in PtdIns-4-P synthesis and leads to impaired insulin granule maturation and docking, GSIS, and proinsulin processing with evidence of ER stress. Restoration ofPITPNAin islets of T2D human subjects reverses these beta-cell defects and identifyPITPNAas a critical target linked to beta-cell failure in T2D.
Engineering tumoral vascular leakiness with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Setyawati Magdiel Inggrid , Wang Qin , Ni Nengyi , Tee Jie Kai , Ariga Katsuhiko , Ke Pu Chun , Ho Han Kiat , Wang Yucai , Leong David Tai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDelivering cancer therapeutics to tumors necessitates their escape from the surrounding blood vessels. Tumor vasculatures are not always sufficiently leaky. Herein, we engineer therapeutically competent leakage of therapeutics from tumor vasculature with gold nanoparticles capable of inducing endothelial leakiness (NanoEL). These NanoEL gold nanoparticles activated the loss of endothelial adherens junctions without any perceivable toxicity to the endothelial cells. Microscopically, through real time live animal intravital imaging, we show that NanoEL particles induced leakiness in the tumor vessels walls and improved infiltration into the interstitial space within the tumor. In both primary tumor and secondary micrometastases animal models, we show that pretreatment of tumor vasculature with NanoEL particles before therapeutics administration could completely regress the cancer. Engineering tumoral vasculature leakiness represents a new paradigm in our approach towards increasing tumoral accessibility of anti-cancer therapeutics instead of further increasing their anti-cancer lethality.