bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive respiratory support following extubation in preterm infants
Authors: Uchiyama Atsushi , Ochiai Shigeki , Murayama Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of noninvasive respiratory support is widespread in newborn infants with respiratory distress. As the use of noninvasive respiratory support has increased, so too have the number of modes available. Among these modes, low‐flow nasal cannula and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) have been used for a long time and have known efficacy and safety in newborn infants needing respiratory support. High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been newly introduced, and its efficacy and safety are currently being investigated. Bilevel nasal continuous positive airway pressure and nasal intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation are often used when NCPAP or HFNC therapy fails. More recently, noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and noninvasive high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation have been introduced, and their efficacy and safety are currently under evaluation. Comparison of the efficacy and safety among various modes of noninvasive respiratory support after extubation in preterm infants is helping to clarify the position of each mode. The clarification of the strength and characteristics of each device within the same mode will become important as a future direction of noninvasive respiratory support after extubation in such subjects. However, no research has yet reported on long‐term outcomes in preterm infants receiving noninvasive respiratory support after extubation. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes.
A semantic segmentation method for vehicle‐borne laser scanning point clouds in motorway scenes
Authors: Chen Min , Zhou Chengyu , Lv Qi , Zhu Qing , Xu Bo , Hu Han , Ding Yulin , Ge Xuming , Chen Jie , Guo Xiaocui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVehicle‐borne laser scanning (VLS) point cloud semantic segmentation is one of the fundamental issues in motorway target extraction. In this study, a uniform sampling‐based neural network (NN) is constructed based on the popular RandLA‐Net. The uniform sampling can ensure high efficiency and stable spatial coverage. In the proposed NN, a local extra feature encoding structure is designed, and it is combined with local geometric spatial encoding and attention mechanisms to enhance the distinctiveness of depth features and improve the geometric detail preservation ability of the network. The VLS point cloud dataset of motorway scenes collected in this study is labelled for network training and evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed network over the state‐of‐the‐art networks, attaining the highest intersection‐over‐union (IoU) on the majority of categories and a 4.39% improvement in mean IoU on all categories. For the pole‐shaped targets, the improvement in IoU is 9.08% relative to those of the compared methods. The labelled VLS point cloud dataset generated in this work will be made publicly available.
Relationship between semen quality and level of heterozygosity on the model of endangered population of Western capercaillie
Authors: Strzała Tomasz , Kowalczyk Artur , Rosenberger Joanna , Frąszczak Magdalena , Łukaszewicz Ewa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSperm quality is a very important population survival factor, which can be influenced by the level of male's genetic diversity and can influence reproduction effectiveness, what may be crucial in terms of decision about local, endangered population protection plans. Thus, we analysed if heterozygosity and age influence sperm quality in the engendered European capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) population in Polish breeding stations. Obtained results showed no relationship between normal sperm morphology and heterozygosity, as well as age and sperm morphology, but it was shown that both high and low level of heterozygosity significantly influenced the percentage of abnormal sperm. Thus, heterozygosity level can be a useful tool for population reproduction potential prediction, however, further research on how those abnormalities influence fertilization process are needed.
Effect of body condition loss in early lactation Holstein cows on plasma IGF‐I, prolactin and NEFA during breeding period and its association with some reproductive indices
Authors: Mirzaei Abdolah , Mohebbi‐Fani Mehdi , Omidi Arash , Nazifi Saeed , Ghiasi Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe associations between early lactation changes in the body condition score (BCS) and mid‐lactation levels of blood insulin‐like Growth Factor‐I (IGF‐1), prolactin, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), milk production and some reproductive indices were investigated. Monthly milk yield and BCS were recorded. Blood samples were collected on days 60, 90, and 120 (±5 days) of lactation. Twelve and 17 cows showed BCS losses ≤0.75 and >0.75 on day 60, respectively. BCS losses ≤0.75 till day 60 after calving enhanced the IGF‐I concentration on day 90 (57.8 ± 10.7 vs. 35.6 ± 17.8 ng/mL; p = .001). The differences in blood metabolites were prominent on day 90. Trends of insulin changes between day 60 BCS (p = .04) groups were different. Inverse correlations were detected between IGF‐I and NEFA (−0.6, p = .001), IGF‐I and milk production (−0.4, p = .05), NEFA and prolactin (−0.8, p < .001) on day 90. Higher percentages of cows with BCS loss >0.75 (day 60) showed their first heat after day 40 postpartum. In conclusion, irrespective of BCS at the time of breeding, the level of BCS loss during the first 60 days of lactation may affect further reproductive performance due to prolonged alterations of IGF‐I, NEFA, prolactin and insulin levels. The extent of postpartum BCS loss may be a predictor of the metabolic status of cows during mid‐lactation.
Immunogenicity of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells
Authors: Chen Wenyan , Lv Lu , Chen Na , Cui Enhai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to self‐renew and differentiate into other cell types. Because of their anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities, as well as their more ready availability compared to other stem cell sources, MSCs hold great promise for the treatment of many diseases, such as haematological defects, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autoimmunity, cardiovascular diseases, etc. However, immune rejection remains an important problem. MSCs are considered to have low immunogenicity, but they do not have full immunological privilege. This review analyzes and discusses the safety of MSCs from the perspective of their immunogenicity, with the aim of providing a reference for future research and clinical application.
A Command Theoretic approach to prosodic smothering
Authors: Branan Kenyon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of prosodic smothering in Makonde (Bantu). Prosodic smothering is a phenomenon where certain elements require nearby elements to be phrased together with them that would otherwise be phrased apart. Prior analyses of this phenomenon must lexically specify certain elements as triggers of smothering. This article, building on previous work, derives smothering effects from a particular approach to the syntax–prosody mapping, according to which syntactic c‐command relationships between terminal nodes determine prosodic phrasing. Whether or not an element will be a trigger of smothering ends up being by and large a byproduct of the position the element occupies in the syntactic structure.
Asymmetric colouring of locally compact permutation groups
Authors: Lehner Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLet be a group of permutations of a countable set . Call a colouring of asymmetric if no preserves all colours. The motion of is the minimal number of elements moved by an element . We show that if is locally compact with respect to the permutation topology and the motion of is infinite, then there is an asymmetric 2‐colouring of . This builds on a recent result by Babai, generalises this result, and confirms a conjecture by Imrich, Smith, Tucker, and Watkins from 2015.
An Observational Case Series Measuring the Energy Expenditure of Elite Tennis Players During Competition and Training by Using Doubly Labeled Water
Authors: Ellis Daniel G. , Speakman John , Hambly Catherine , Morton James P. , Close Graeme L. , Donovan Tim F. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: An understanding of an athlete’s total daily energy expenditure (TEE) is necessary to inform nutritional strategies, particularly where daily training and competitive demands are highly variable. This observational case series assessed the TEE of elite tennis players during high-level competition. Methods: Senior female singles participants (FS: n = 3; 21 [1] y; ranked Women’s Tennis Association [WTA] top 125–375), an FS junior (n = 1; 16 y; ranked WTA top 350), and a men’s doubles player (n = 1; 26 y; ranked Association of Tennis Professionals [ATP] top 5) were assessed for TEE (using the doubly labeled water method) during a 9- to 14-day period, which included training, Wimbledon Championships, WTA/ATP International Tournaments, Junior/Senior International Tennis Federation, and Wimbledon Junior Championships. One female (FS3) did not exercise from day 4 following injury. Results: TEE for men’s doubles was 4586 kcal·d−1 (67 kcal·kg−1 fat-free mass [FFM]; daily activity 98 [74] min). Noninjured adult female participants’ TEEs were 3396 and 3948 kcal·d−1 (66 and 81 kcal·kg−1 FFM; daily activity durations were 139 [84] min and 150 [66] min, respectively), while TEE for the injured athlete was 2583 kcal·d−1 (45.7 kcal·kg−1; daily nonexercise activity duration was <45 min). The junior player TEE was 3988 kcal·d−1 (78.2 kcal·kg−1 FFM; daily activity of 131 [66] min). Conclusion: This observational case series positions tennis as a highly energetically demanding sport with variability evident between individuals (ie, TEE between 60 and 90 kcal·kg−1 FFM). Accordingly, nutritional strategies that promote sufficient energy availability should be emphasized with individual variability suitably assessed prior to prescription.
A Comparison of Match Load Between Padel and Singles and Doubles Tennis
Authors: Armstrong Cameron , Reid Machar , Beale Callum , Girard Olivier 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To quantify match load associated with padel and compare responses with both singles and doubles tennis. Methods: On separate days, 12 participants (7 men and 5 women) played 60-minute padel (PADEL), singles tennis (SINGLES), and doubles tennis (DOUBLES) simulated games. Participants wore a 10-Hz GPS/100-Hz triaxial accelerometer unit and heart-rate monitor. Exercise-related sensations and blood lactate concentration were monitored every 20 minutes. Match-play characteristics (temporal structure) and shot selection were derived from video analysis. Vertical jump ability was assessed before and after each game. Results: Heart rate, exercise-related sensations (overall perceived exertion and limb discomfort), and physical load (total distance covered, PlayerLoad, acceleration density and load) for SINGLES were higher compared with DOUBLES and PADEL (all P ≤ .05). Blood lactate concentrations remained low (1–2 mmol·L−1) and did not differ between conditions. Effective playing time (P < .001) was lower in SINGLES and DOUBLES compared with PADEL. The number of forehands (P = .002) and backhands (P < .001) was greater for SINGLES than for DOUBLES and PADEL. The number of volleys/smashes and lobs (P < .05) was greater for PADEL compared with SINGLES and DOUBLES. Performance for squat, countermovement, and multirebound jumps was similarly reduced below baseline after match play (P < .05), independent of condition. Conclusion: Padel imposes a unique match load on players that is different from singles tennis and more closely resembles that of doubles tennis. Cardiovascular stimulation and physical load are highest in singles tennis, while padel sees players hit a larger variety of shots with higher effective playing percentages.
Detraining Effect on Cardiac Autonomic Response to an All-Out Sprint Exercise in Trained Adolescent Swimmers
Authors: Ruiz-Navarro Jesús J. , Plaza-Florido Abel , Alcantara Juan M.A. , Gay Ana , Arellano Raúl 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 5-week training cessation on the cardiac autonomic response after a 50-m swimming time-trial test. Methods: Twenty trained and highly trained adolescent swimmers (17.1 [2.7] y) performed a 50-m front-crawl all-out test before (visit 1) and after a 5-week training cessation (visit 2). After the warm-up, heart-rate variability (HRV) was recorded in a seated position using a Polar RS800CX heart-rate monitor during the 10 minutes before (preexercise) and immediately after the 50-m front-crawl all-out test (postexercise). Two-way analysis of variance (time × visit) and analysis of covariance were conducted to compute the effect of the 50-m all-out test on vagal-related HRV parameters (mean R-R, standard deviation of R-R intervals [SDNN], square root of the mean squared differences between successive R-R intervals [RMSSD], the percentage number of pairs of adjacent normal R-R intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds in the entire recording [pNN50], and power in the high frequency [HF]) with Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: All the HRV parameters had a time main effect (P < .05), showing a reduction after the 50 m in both visits (P < .05). All the variables exhibited a visit main effect (P < .05); the preexercise and postexercise mean R-R, natural logarithm SDNN, natural logarithm RMSSD, and natural logarithm HF values declined after the training cessation (P < .05). Natural logarithm pNN50 preexercise values were reduced in visit 2 compared with visit 1 (P < .05). Only mean R-R was further reduced in response to the test in visit 2 compared with visit 1 (P < .05). Conclusions: After 5 weeks of training cessation, all the preexercise and postexercise vagal-related HRV parameters evidenced a reduction, suggesting an impairment in swimmers’ physical status. Coaches should be cautious with training loads at the start of the season.
Is Recovery Optimized by Using a Cycle Ergometer Between Ski-Mountaineering Sprints?
Authors: Krumm Bastien , Luisier Frédéric , Rapillard Arnaud , Faiss Raphael 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To optimize the recovery phase between heats in ski-mountaineering sprint competitions, this study investigated whether an active recovery protocol on an ergocycle could improve subsequent performance compared with a self-selected recovery strategy. Methods: Thirteen elite ski mountaineers (9 men and 4 women) performed 3 sprints with 2 different recovery conditions (Ergo vs Free) in a randomized order. The Ergo condition involved a 10-minute constant-intensity exercise on an ergocycle performed at 70% of maximum heart rate. For the Free condition, the athlete was asked to self-select modality. At the end of the third sprint, a passive recovery (seated) was prescribed for both protocols. Sprint performance (time) and physiological parameters (lactate concentration [La], heart rate [HR], and rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) were recorded from each sprint and recovery phase. Results: In the Ergo vs Free protocols, sprint times (177 [24] s vs 176 [23] s; P = .63), recovery average HR (70% [2.9%] vs 71% [5.2%] of maximal HR), and RPE (16.7 [1.5] vs 16.8 [1.5]; P = .81) were not significantly different. However, [La] decreased more after Ergo (−2.9 [1.8] mmol·L−1) and Free (−2.8 [1.8] mmol·L−1) conditions compared with passive recovery (−1.1 [1.6] mmol·L−1; P < .05). Conclusions: The use of an ergocycle between heat sprints in ski mountaineering does not provide additional benefits compared with a recovery strategy freely chosen by the athletes. However, active conditions provide a faster [La] reduction compared with passive recovery and seem to be a more suitable strategy between multiple-heat sprints.
Interrater Reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition Following Raters’ Agreement on Measurement Criteria
Authors: Carballo-Fazanes Aida , Rey Ezequiel , Valentini Nadia C. , Varela-Casal Cristina , Abelairas-Gómez Cristian 
Published: March 2023

We aimed to calculate interrater reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition (TGMD-3) after raters reached a consensus regarding measurement criteria. Three raters measured the fundamental movement skills of 25 children on the TGMD-3 at two different times: (a) once when simply following the measurement criteria in the TGMD-3 manual and (b) after a 9-month washout period, following the raters’ consensus building for the measurement criteria for each skill. After calculating and comparing the interrater reliability of these three raters across these two rating times, we found improved interrater reliability after the raters’ consensus-building discussions on ratings of both locomotor skills (moderate-to-good reliability on two of six skills initially and at least moderate-to-excellent on four of six skills following criteria consensus building) and ball skills (moderate-to-good reliability on one of seven skills initially and at least moderate-to-excellent reliability on four of seven skills following criteria consensus building). For subtest scores and overall test scores, raters achieved at least moderate-to-good reliability on their second, postconsensus-building ratings. Based on this improved reliability following consensus building, we recommend that researchers include rater consensus building before assessing children’s fundamental movement skills or guiding curriculum interventions in physical education from TGMD-3 data.
Convergent Validity Between Epoch-Based activPAL and ActiGraph Methods for Measuring Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Youth and Adults
Authors: Ortega Adrian , Forseth Bethany , Hibbing Paul R. , Steel Chelsea , Carlson Jordan A. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: We investigated convergent validity of commonly used ActiGraph scoring methods with various activPAL scoring methods in youth and adults. Methods: Youth and adults wore an ActiGraph and activPAL simultaneously for 1–3 days. We compared moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) estimates from the ActiGraph Evenson 15-s (youth) and Freedson 60-s (adult) cut-point scoring methods and four activPAL scoring methods based on metabolic equivalents (METs), step counts, vertical axis counts, and vector magnitude counts. All activPAL methods were applied to 15-s epochs for youth and 60-s epochs for adults, and the METs method was also applied to 1-s epochs. Epoch-level agreement was examined with classification tests (sensitivity, positive predictive value, and F1) using the ActiGraph methods as the referent. Day-level agreement was examined using tests of mean error, mean absolute error, and Spearman correlations. Results: Relative to ActiGraph methods, which indicated a mean MVPA of 41 min/day for youth and 24 min/day for adults, the activPAL METs method applied to 15-s epochs in youth and 60-s epochs in adults yielded the most comparable estimates of MVPA. Daily MVPA estimated from all other activPAL scoring methods generally had poor agreement with ActiGraph methods in youth and adults. Conclusion: When using the same epoch lengths between monitors, MVPA estimation via the activPAL METs scoring method appears to have good comparability to ActiGraph cut points at the group-level and moderate comparability at the individual-level in youth and adults. When using this scoring method, the activPAL appears to be appropriate for measuring daily minutes of MVPA in youth and adults.
Induced seismicity in Kansas: Events and responses
Authors: Buchanan Rex C. , Hoffman Ryan , Cochran Mike 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
In September 2013, seismicity suddenly increased in south-central Kansas. That increase was eventually traced to wastewater injection associated with oil exploration and production, including a new wave of horizontal drilling. In response to the seismicity, the state government of Kansas formed a task force composed of representatives of two regulatory agencies and the Kansas Geological Survey, a nonregulatory division of the University of Kansas. That task force developed a seismic action plan that guided regulatory response, which resulted in the staged reduction of permitted volumes of wastewater injection. Seismicity declined shortly after, partly as a response to mandated volume reductions and partly because lower oil prices led to less exploration and production. The Kansas state government response to induced seismicity provides lessons for mitigating natural resource hazards while allowing industry operation.
Pulmonary artery compliance in different forms of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: McCormick Amber , Krishnan Amita , Badesch David , Benza Raymond L , Bull Todd M , De Marco Teresa , Feldman Jeremy , Hemnes Anna R , Hirsch Russel , Horn Evelyn , Kennedy Jaime , Mathai Stephen C , McConnell Wesley , Pugliese Steven C , Sager Jeffrey S , Shlobin Oksana A , Simon Marc A , Lammi Matthew R 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivePulmonary artery compliance (PAC), estimated as stroke volume (SV) divided by pulmonary artery pulse pressure (PP), may be a predictor of survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Resistance–compliance (RC) time, the product of PAC and pulmonary vascular resistance, is reported to be a physiological constant. We investigated if differences in PAC and RC time exist between pulmonary hypertension (PH) subgroups and examined whether PAC is an independent predictor of transplant-free survival in PAH.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of adult PAH (n=532) and chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH, n=84) patients enrolled in the US Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry from 2015 to 2019. PAC and RC time were compared between PH subgroups (connective tissue disease-PAH (CTD-PAH), idiopathic/heritable-PAH (i/h-PAH), drug/toxin-PAH (d/t-PAH)). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for transplant-free survival, adjusting for REVEAL 2.0 risk score.ResultsThere were no differences in estimated PAC between PAH subgroups, nor between PAH and CTEPH. RC time was shorter in CTEPH compared with PAH (median 0.55 (IQR 0.45–0.64) vs 0.62 (0.52–0.73) s, p<0.0001). RC time was shortest in CTD-PAH when compared with i/h-PAH and d/t-PAH ((0.59±0.18) vs (0.65±0.20) vs (0.73±0.25) s, p=0.0001). PAC was associated with transplant-free survival (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.94, p=0.02) but was not an independent predictor of outcome after adjustment for REVEAL 2.0 score.ConclusionPAC was similar between PH groups and was not an independent predictor of transplant-free survival in PAH. RC time was different between PH subgroups, challenging RC time constancy.Trial registration numberNCT04071327