bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tempted Like Achilles
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the notions of role-compliance and role-recalcitrance by starting from a simple argument-schema for role-reasons: (1) that role-recalcitrance is a human universal; (2) that at least some role-recalcitrance is ethically interesting; (3) that at least some ethically interesting role-recalcitrance is a very good thing. The argument for (1) and (2) examines some well-known claims that Alasdair MacIntyre offers about “heroic societies” in After Virtue: in particular, his connected claims (a) that people in those societies cannot “step back” from their roles, and (b) that there are arguments across the Is–Ought Gap that are based on “functional concepts”. A re-examination of the Iliad’s central figure of Achilles refutes (a), and suggests an a fortiori argument for (1). Analysis of (b) leads to a distinction—which refutes (b)—between logical and psychological/sociological cogency; to some reflections on analyticity in general; and to the conclusion, which is a rephrasing of (3), that at least sometimes the ability to be role-recalcitrant is precisely “what makes us truly human”.
A Good Doctor but a Bad Person? A Puzzle for Role Ethics from Løgstrup
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the following challenge to social role ethics: 1. Role ethics holds (a) that you can be a good occupant of a role by fulfilling the obligations associated with the role, and (b) that this is sufficient to make you a good person (at least to some degree) provided that the institution itself is a good one 2. But a person can count as having fulfilled their role obligations while being a moral monster 3. So role ethics is not an ethics. The chapter shows how this challenge is suggested by what K. E. Løgstrup says about social norms and roles, but also how he might provide resources with which to meet it, thereby offering a way for the role ethicist to escape the problem outlined above. Finally, the wider implications of Løgstrup’s view for some of the standard issues in role ethics are discussed.
Are Obligations of Friendship Role Obligations?
Authors: Jeske Diane 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Are the obligations of friendship role obligations? This chapter argues that the ways in which ‘friend’ differs from paradigmatic social roles such as ‘spouse’ or ‘daughter’ are more significant than the ways in which it is similar to them, and, thus, we ought not to understand being a friend as a social role nor ought we to understand the obligations of friendship as role obligations. In fact, to conceive of ‘friend’ as a social role would be to diminish the ways in which friendship adds value to our lives and binds us to certain other people. The significance of friendship is in part a matter of how it is constructed by the parties involved and provides a space for understanding oneself in relation to another independent of everyone else and, very importantly, apart from societal expectations and norms.
Participatory Wellbeing and Roles
Authors: Barber Alex 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The wellbeing that can accrue to individuals through their participation in collective endeavours, here called their participatory wellbeing, is a fundamental component of human wellbeing more broadly. It is also difficult to conceptualize, let alone quantify, and has been neglected in philosophy, apparently falling into a gap between the literature on collective agency and the literature on wellbeing. As a contribution towards filling in that gap, this chapter uses the notion of a role within a group—encompassing anything from familial and professional roles to being a friend or a citizen—to solve a puzzle about participatory wellbeing. The puzzle, crudely stated, is that while wellbeing is an essentially individualistic notion, participation is essentially social. By conceiving of participation as a matter of occupying and performing a role, we can recognize and model the complexity (i.e. the multifaceted nature) of participatory wellbeing.
Virtuous Chameleons
Authors: Brunning Luke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Most people occupy several social roles. How are these roles to be managed? This chapter examines one strategy: the compartmentalization of roles, in which actions and mindsets change with the roles people occupy. People might worry, however, that compartmentalization is in tension with integrity or one’s commitment to the good. Might an integrating approach to roles be better? This chapter argues that compartmentalization is a fine way to manage multiple social roles. Central to the argument is a response to those who think compartmentalization must inhibit practical reflection, or is in tension with having integrity, or is alienating. In fact, the task of compartmentalizing roles is itself a valuable practical activity. Maintaining clear boundaries between roles and their attendant mindsets enables us to be guided by fully specified virtues, and flexible boundary work can help us avoid inappropriate forms of immersion in roles at the expense of other people.
Interrogative prosodic structure
Authors: Kandybowicz Jason , Baron Bertille , Duncan Philip T. , Katsuda Hironori 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the internal prosodic structure of wh- expressions and the prosodic integration of interrogative items in Ikpana wh- questions. Insight into the prosody of Ikpana interrogatives is achieved through an examination of hiatus resolution in wh- questions. Owing to its lack of codas and abundance of vowel prefixes and vowel-initial lexical expressions, vowel hiatus is a widespread phenomenon in Ikpana. The chapter focuses on the description and quantitative analysis of vowel hiatus and its repair strategies at word boundaries, wielding these as indicators of prosodic structure and prosodic integration. The chapter demonstrates that vowel hiatus is handled differently at different syntactic boundaries and that vowel reduction is significantly more likely to occur within prosodic phrases than across prosodic phrase boundaries. This leads naturally to a number of generalizations regarding the prosodic structure and integration of Ikpana interrogative expressions in a variety of wh- constructions.
Seneca against Luxuria
Authors: Berno Francesca Romana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Luxuria is a major theme in Seneca’s prose works. Being linked with desire, which lies at the root of each and every vice according to Stoic philosophy, it combines most vices into one, and thus represents a sort of archenemy of philosophical life. Men subjected to luxuria live a life against nature, subverting every rule; they are enslaved by their stomach, the vilest of organs, and this shows that they have lost their human connotations to wear beast attitudes. Luxuria itself is often personified as a powerful woman, who dwells in Baiae, a famous vacation place in Campania. Her champions are degraded, notorious figures such as Marc Antony, Apicius, and Maecenas; her opponents are less famous, as Q. Aelius Tubero, a loser in politics, and Scipio Aemilianus, but only after his political defeat. Healing this vice is almost impossible, because temptations arise everywhere, and this vice, far from representing an annihilation of reason, uses it for its aims, showing inventive and creative skills. Indeed, people devoted to luxuria show much more commitment to their aims than those involved in philosophy.
Quantum Equilibrium Theory: Particles to Fields
Authors: Delaney Fredrickson , Delaney Kris T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChapter 3 shows how an equilibrium collection of quantum particles with Bose statistics can be converted into an imaginary-time, coherent states field theory. Field operators are identified that yield structural and thermodynamic properties. Extensions are provided to continuum models with external potentials and artificial gauge fields. Quantum lattice and spin models are shown to be described by the same framework.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Plotz John 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This is a deeply personal book, about how one professor of Victorian literature regained his childhood love of fantasy. It begins, though, as an extended response to the six works of fantasy that Le Guin wrote about the sprawling archipelago called Earthsea, my childhood half-residence. More than any other series I know, Le Guin’s Earthsea holds the secret to fantasy’s present-day appeal—and its radical political potential. Le Guin teaches her readers—both by constructing fantasy worlds and by deconstructing the reality within which we all live and breathe—that “secondary worlds” are not only found in the section of the library labeled fantasy. Although its creators may have been reluctant to admit its fantastical qualities, one of Le Guin’s central ideas is that in some ways we’ve been living within a sort of collectively authored fantasy for as long as we’ve been human.
EARTHSEA AND THE FANTASY TRADITION
Authors: Plotz John 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter is a scholar’s journey through the century of speculative fiction that precedes Earthsea. Although an unproductive faceoff between Christian and Marxist accounts of fantasy has proven surprisingly dominant among scholars, I take a different way in. That means exploring the implicit (and at times explicit) debate between J. R. R. Tolkien’s notion of fantasy novels as self-contained “secondary worlds” and Samuel Delany’s opposing vision of fantasy as intimately and complexly linked to our shared world. The tension between those two standpoints brought me back to Le Guin, who offers a new way to think about fantasy’s distinctive role in our technology-filled world: what the poet Yeats called “the cry of the heart against necessity.” E. M. Forster’s speculative stories and his novel Where Angels Fear to Tread form one important stepping-stone.
LE GUIN’S FIRST EARTHSEA
Authors: Plotz John 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
I pack into one long chapter what might make a book all its own: the notions of responsibility and of naming (a known name stops time, confers power) of balance and the virtues of inaction, of anarchism as aesthetic practice that Le Guin spent a career exploring. Notions she never expressed so beautifully, so lucidly as she did in Earthsea. This is a chapter about the simple joy of reading Le Guin. It also explores the complexity of the construction project that goes into making that readerly pleasure so easily available. As she herself wrote, in fantasy “There is no comfortable matrix of the commonplace to substitute for the Imagination, … only a construct built in a void, with every joint and seam and nail exposed.”
Reading Harry Potter in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Williams Deborah Lindsay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrawing on experiences of teaching Harry Potter to college students at NYU Abu Dhabi, who come from almost every country in the world, this chapter argues that the Potter books offer a way to talk about conceptions of world literature and education as well as censorship and authoritarianism. The near-complete universality of the books also enables a discussion of cosmopolitan reading experiences, which are simultaneously local and global. This chapter also explores the recent controversy over J. K. Rowling’s stance on trans people as a way to understand how—or if—adolescent readers can separate writer from text. The chapter also suggests that leaving the Potter books out of critical discussions about world literature and translation theory highlights the generally marginalized position of YA literature in academic discourse.
Self-Awareness and The Elusive Subject
Authors: Howell Robert J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The existence of a self seems both mysterious and inevitable. On the one hand, philosophers from the Buddha to Sartre doubt its existence. As Hume writes, when we introspect we find thoughts, feelings, and conscious states, but nothing that has them. The subject of experience is elusive, but its existence seems certain. Descartes’ cogito is beyond doubt and the thought that “I am thinking” involves an undeniable form of self-awareness. Self-Awareness and the Elusive Subject develops and defends the claim that we don’t find ourselves in introspection, and that consciousness is, in general, impersonal. It then develops an account of self-awareness that takes these phenomenological data seriously. Our grasp of ourselves is epistemically robust but introspectively slight: we know ourselves most fundamentally as the bearers of our conscious states.
Introduction
Authors: Russell Meg , James Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces Brexit—the UK’s exit from its European Union membership. It acknowledges the controversy Brexit triggered as it highlighted UK politics and parliament’s role. The Westminster parliament has various functions that allude to representation. Moreover, the arguments over Brexit reached high media performance as it dominated headlines for months. The chapter clarifies what actually happened in the parliament during the UK’s negotiations with the UK following the framework provided by Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The vocal attacks that were made on parliament over Brexit show how the process generated doubts about the core institutions of UK democracy.
The 2019 General Election and the Brexit Mandate
Authors: Russell Meg , James Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the 2019 general election and the final stages of Brexit. It starts with the Fixed-term Parliaments Act, which governed the process for calling general elections and is known for being the cause of the Brexit deadlock. Prime Minister Boris Johnson negotiated an alternative deal which included significant regulatory differences between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Additionally, Johnson persuaded parliament to grant him an early general election, which he won with an 80-seat Commons majority after he recanted and sought an Article 50 extension. The chapter then covers the eventual passage of Johnson’s European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Bill, which paved the way for the UK to leave the European Union on 31 January 2020.
Language for actuality
Authors: Tolchinsky Liliana , Berman Ruth A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter presented a peculiar challenge in dealing with how people talk and write about the present and goings-on in their lives. We found almost no psycholinguistic or developmental studies of the topic beyond young children’s adherence to the ‘here and now’ of concrete physically present events. We approached the topic as a platform for discussing different communicative contexts where people talk and write about the actual world—conversational interchanges in peer talk or family meals to self-sustained monologic productions in writing diaries. We distinguish between discourse functions that people deploy in talking and writing about current states of affairs (describing, informing, arguing) and the linguistic means that people use to do so (for example, contrasting languages that do or do not distinguish grammatically between ongoing events and the extended, habitual present of general truths). We attend in some detail to the topic of register in the sense of levels of language use from everyday colloquial to more formal and elevated. We also discuss the neurobiological foundations of actuality, whether and how our brains distinguish fact from fiction, real from imaginary, present from past, actualized from hypothetical. The chapter concludes by tracing developmental trajectories from initial caretaker-child interchanges across peer- and school-related settings in talking and writing about the actual world. The communicative contexts and discourse functions that serve these purposes are increasingly diverse with age, and more abstract and distanced as a function of age-schooling growth and experience.
European Constitutional Imagination
Authors: Dani Marco , José Menéndez Agustín 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this chapter the characterization of European law as a constitutional order is challenged from two related standpoints, namely, the ambiguity of the qualification of European law as constitutional and the lack of a well-argued narrative explaining how European law became constitutional and what type of constitutionalism it has developed. We start by clarifying the concept and conceptions of constitution, with an emphasis on the structural and normative conceptions of constitution. Against this preliminary conceptual background, we elucidate what exactly is being argued when it is claimed that European law is constitutional, and what implications are consequently justified. We then note that while the process of constitutionalization plays a key role in structuring European law as a discipline, normative reasons underlying such characterization remain, if anything, more assumed than explicit and fully demonstrated. This leads us to conclude by arguing that it may be preferable not to imagine contemporary European law in constitutional terms. At the same time, however, we observe that the power effectively held by the European Union reaches so many corners of national legal and socio-economic structures as to render it insufficient to merely reject any claim to its constitutionality. The predicament of European Union law is that of a legal order that de facto discharges functional tasks proper of constitutional orders, while lacking the requisite democratic and social credentials.
Beyond Neoliberal Federalism?
Authors: Lokdam Hjalte 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) originally conformed to the neoliberal theory of interstate federalism by structurally circumscribing the effective exercise of activist public authority. In particular, the separation of monetary and fiscal policy meant that no single actor had the right to control all the main levers of economic government. The eurozone crisis revealed the problems associated with this construction and led to structural reforms of the EMU. Under the heading of ‘European sovereignty’, European elites have presented a constitutional imaginary that builds on these reforms and foresees more centralized public authority at the European level able to control economic developments across the Union in accordance with certain objectives. This marks a turn away from neoliberal federalism, which, while incomplete, has also been evident in the response to the Covid-19 crisis, where mechanisms of the reformed EMU have been used to pursue non-neoliberal objectives.
The Peoples Imagined
Authors: Nicolaïdis Kalypso 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The French philosopher Paul Ricoeur suggests that if polities need to rest on some sort of social imaginary, their collective horizons can be uttered in two contrasting languages—that of ideology or that of utopia—and that, moreover, both these vernaculars can be saved from their pathological expression. Where the former entrenches reality and the other transcends it, the chapter asks under what conditions can either ideology or utopia help transform reality to constitute a transnational European polity from a demoicratic perspective. The core argument is that our capacity to both imagine and operationalize the concrete expression of interconnected European peoples can help navigate this constitutional challenge. The chapter starts with setting out why the idea of demoicracy helps push back against ‘technopolism’. Secondly, it argues that in order to imagine a democratic union of peoples we must first ‘un-imagine’ oneness as a foundation for the EU, although a weak version of demoicratic theory does allow for what we can call a ‘thin concept’ of European peoplehood. Thirdly, it moves on to argue that the demoicratic third way is a fragile equilibrium that needs to be nurtured over time. Fourthly, the very essence of this demoicratic balancing act is to ground the European act of togetherness on horizontal ties whereby vertical delegation of authority serves to nurture and reinforce these ties. Finally, the chapter points to the next democratic frontier, namely the EU’s pivot from the politics of space to the politics of time—a pivot that requires deep democratic ownership of policies shaped and enforced by the EU as the guardian of the long term.
MOBILITY
Authors: Francis Gavin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Browne’s social mobility is examined, from his origins as the son of a silk merchant, through the death of his father and the eventual securing of his inheritance and entrance to Oxford University. His geographical mobility too was above average for his age, taking in London, Ireland, Oxford, Yorkshire, Norwich, as well as his Continental travels to France, Italy, and the Netherlands. The author’s own travels in the training and practice of medicine are considered in context, as part of a long tradition exemplified by the Danish physician Thomas Bartholin, who wrote ‘no one puts much faith in the authority of a physician who has not set foot outside his native land.’ Other examples of Browne’s interest in travel are considered: his editing of his son Edward’s travel journals for publication, and his love of travel writing evidenced by a list of books read to him in his old age by his daughter Betty. His posthumously published Museum Clausum ranges widely across both time and space, imagining a series of objects and writings that might have transformed human history and understanding.
Strategic stability
Authors: Johnson James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
How might AI affect the risk of nuclear war? This chapter provides a systematic assessment of the potential stabilizing and, especially, destabilizing effects of AI-enabled capabilities employment against nuclear-armed adversaries. It considers the ways military AI might exacerbate tension between nuclear-armed powers (especially the US and China), thereby compromising stability. A significant gap exists between the expectations and fears of policymakers and global defense communities about it, and its actual military capabilities, particularly in the nuclear sphere. The misconceptions that exist today are largely caused by the hyperbolic depictions of AI in popular culture and science fiction. Misrepresentations of the potential opportunities and risks in the military sphere (or “military AI”) can diminish transparency, mutual understanding, and trust, and obscure constructive and crucial debate on these topics. A key challenge will be, therefore, balancing a trade-off between harnessing the qualitative operational and tactical benefits of AI, while managing the risks posed to “strategic stability” and nuclear security—or the “AI-nuclear dilemma.” This chapter demystifies the hype surrounding AI in the context of nuclear weapons.
Changing Medicine, Changing Society
Authors: Sanders David , De Ceukelaire Wim , Hutton Barbara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter asks, what are some alternatives to the medical model? To answer this challenge, the examples of China and Cuba in the twentieth century are given, where victorious popular struggles resulted in a change of economic and political systems, enabling underdevelopment to be successfully tackled and great improvements in people’s health to be made. Significant changes and sometimes reversals few decades for these two countries are discussed. State-led community health worker programmes in Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Iran and India are examined as more recent examples of alternative approaches to health care and promotion. Finally, the chapter describes the global movement for the right to health, the People’s Health Movement, which grew out of these alternative models.