bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biting into the Truth: Connecting oral pathology and stable isotopes through the paradigmatic example of a hyper-specialized marine diet in Medieval Pontevedra (NW Iberia)
Authors: Veiga-Rilo Clara , López-Costas Olalla 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Human feeding patterns have been reconstructed in Archaeology by analysing either oral pathology or stable isotope ratios in human skeletal remains. However, no clear agreement has been developed between these two methodologies. The main objective of this study is to determine if we can establish a link between them when analysing a population with a hyper-specialized diet, in this case marine resources. To reach this goal we developed a conjoined multi-isotope analysis in collagen and bioapatite (δ13Ccol, δ15Ncol, δ13Ccar and δ18Ocar) and a detailed study of oral health (caries, antemortem loss, periapical lesions, periodontal disease, calculus, and wear). All available skeletons with at least one preserved tooth from two cemeteries of the medieval town of Pontevedra (n = 34) were researched. The buried individuals belonged to the guild of fishers and artisans, professions which were dominant among the families of medieval Pontevedra. The evidence of δ18Ocar indicates that most people seem to have local origins. The diet was based on marine fish protein with contributions of millets (e.g. δ13Ccar -11.87 ± 1.79‰) that seems to be slightly higher in individuals linked to artisanal guilds. Oral pathology study shows severe dental wear from an early age, including hypercementosis due to compensatory eruption, as well as moderate-high presence of caries and dental calculus. Both the oral pathology and the isotopic signal differ from that observed in other areas of the Iberian Peninsula. This study points to the existence of connections between findings of the two methodologies, and specifically an association between intense dental wear and high consumption of marine resources. At the same time, this analysis implies the necessity of caution in estimation of age by dental wear in populations linked to the sea.
Effects of Different Irrigation Levels and Nitrogen Fertilization on Some Physiological Characteristics of Potato
Authors: AKKAMIŞ Mustafa , CALISKAN Sevgi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Water and nitrogen are agricultural inputs that are widely used in potato production areas. Excessive and inappropriate use of these two important inputs causes rapid consumption of water resources and results in inappropriate nitrogen leakage. In potato production, understanding the effects of water and nitrogen on the physiological properties will help to overcome these difficulties. This study was therefore conducted to determine the effects of different nitrogen and irrigation levels on the physiological (photosynthesis rate, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf temperature) characteristic of potato. Field experiments were conducted during the 2021 and 2022 main potato cropping seasons to select the suitable combination of irrigation and fertilization levels for potato production in the Nigde Province of the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The study conducted in a factorial design with six nitrogen fertilization rates and three irrigation levels. The experiment included no nitrogen (control, N0), 100 kg N ha − 1 (N1), 200 kg N ha − 1 (N2), 300 kg N ha − 1 (N3), 400 kg N ha − 1 (N4) and 500 kg N ha − 1 (N5) and I1 = 100%, I2 = 66%, I3 = 33% of Field Capacity (FC). All the measurements were taken at five different times (40, 50, 60, 70, 80 days) after emergence. The results revealed that nitrogen treatments improve the crop physiology traits by increasing the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and leaf area index, except the leaf temperature, compared with the control (no-nitrogen treatments) while the full irrigation (I1) treatment recorded the highest photosynthesis and leaf area index values. I1N3 was the most efficient treatment for both photosynthesis and leaf area index. The increase in irrigation treatments resulted in a decrease in leaf chlorophyll and leaf temperature (Pt). Leaf chlorophyll content tended to increase with increasing nitrogen, but leaf temperature did not show a regular increase or decrease. The highest N and I interaction for leaf chlorophyll content and leaf temperature were obtained from I3N0 treatment. This study identifies the most appropriate nitrogen and irrigation application for optimum physiological yield of the potato for crop producers. The study used only one commercial potato cultivar (agria), so more research should be carried out on several cultivars in order to arrive at a more conclusive conclusion, since it may be that this result is unique to agria potato cultivars only. In addition, both biochemical and physiological assessments in comparison with tuber yield should be conducted using different nitrogen and irrigation levels to assess their correlations.
Attrition one year after starting antiretroviral therapy before and after the programmatic implementation of HIV “Treat All” in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Makurumidze Richard , Decroo Tom , Jacobs Bart K. M. , Rusakaniko Simbarashe , Damme Wim Van , Lynen Lutgarde , Gils Tinne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Evidence on the real-world effects of “Treat All” on attrition has not been summarised. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare attrition 12 months after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, before and after “Treat All” was implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa. We also describe predictors of attrition.
Methods: We searched Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science in July 2020 and created alerts up to the end of March 2022. We also searched for preprints and conference abstracts. Two co-authors screened and selected the articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We extracted and tabulated data on study characteristics, attrition 12 months after ART initiation, and predictors of attrition. We estimated a pooled estimate for attrition using random-effects meta-analysis.
Results : Seven articles and one conference abstract (eight studies) out of 5782 screened records were included in the meta-analysis. The random-effects adjusted pooled risk ratio (RR) comparing attrition before and after “Treat All” 12 months after ART initiation was not significant [RR = 1.08 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.97–1.21)] with 82% heterogeneity (I2). Being a pregnant or breastfeeding woman, starting ART with advanced HIV and within the same week were reported as risk factors for attrition both before and after “Treat All”.
Conclusions: We found no significant difference in attrition before and after “Treat All” one year after ART initiation. While “Treat All” is being widely implemented, differentiated approaches to enhance retention should be prioritised for those subgroups at risk of attrition.
PROSPERO Number: CRD42020191582
Estuarine Front Dynamics: A Key Driver of Fish Larvae Dispersion in a Large Subtropical Estuary
Authors: Muñoz Nathalie Stefanie , Bonilla Sylvia , Arocena Rafael , Maciel Fernanda , Haakonsson Signe , Pedocchi Francisco , Machado Irene 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Estuarine fronts are critical in the retention and dispersion of ichthyoplankton. This study evaluates the response of ichthyoplankton assemblage to front dynamics in one of the world's largest estuaries, the Río de la Plata. Surveys were conducted between October 2014 and December 2017, using the turbidity front (TF) location determined by satellite imagery as a proxy for the estuarine front. Although most larval taxa belonged to the freshwater category, the highest abundances were found in the estuarine category. Contrary to most estuaries, the incidence of pelagic egg spawners was high in the studied estuary. The highest species richness and abundance occurred during spring and summer, linked to the spawning seasons and locations. TF dynamics was the primary driver of interannual variability in ichthyoplankton assemblages, revealing opposite trends with ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) events. A strong El Niño event (2015–2016) led to decreased total abundance and dominance of freshwater larvae with a seaward shift of the TF, while a weak La Niña event (2016–2017) resulted in increased abundance of marine larvae with the retraction of the TF. Based on current climatic predictions, it is likely that the estuarine frontal zones will be affected in the future, which could have a significant impact on ichthyoplankton assemblage. Therefore, coastal conservation is critical and should be integrated into management plans to preserve ichthyoplankton dynamics and fish populations.
Building an Earth's crust movement model in the ITRF2020 coordinate system by the Collocation method. A case study in North area, Vietnam
Authors: Bui Tham Thi Hong , Truong Thanh Phi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of building the movement model of the Earth’s crust in the North area of Vietnam by the Collocation method of the movement velocity data from 40 GNSS stations in different dynamic coordinate systems ITRF2000, ITRF2005, ITRF2008 into one unified coordinate system ITRF2020 - the latest version of ITRF. The calculated results have determined the movement speed of the Earth's crust at 34 sites to be about 35 mm/yr in the direction from Northwest to Southeast. The accuracy of the movement velocity model in the North area of Vietnam is about 2 mm/yr. These results are consistent with previous studies in this area.
Suberosin alleviates thiazolidinedione-induced cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats by inhibiting ferroptosis via modulation of ACSL4-LPCAT3 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways
Authors: Iqbal Shabnoor , Jabeen FARHAT , Kahwa Ivan , Omara Timothy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are antidiabetic medications that are useful for managing diabetes. However, their use is associated with adverse side effects like edema, heart failure, and bone fractures. In this study, we investigated the anti-ferroptosis effects of suberosin (SBR; a prenylated coumarin) in diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. Further, we assessed the effects of co-administration of SBR (30 and 90 mg/kg/day) with thiazolidinedione TZ (15 mg/kg) to mitigate TZ-induced cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats. Our results showed that cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricle systolic, and diastolic pressure were aggravated in diabetic rats only treated with TZ after 4 weeks. TZ treatments were induced ferroptosis as well as marked histoarchitecture disarrangements in rat cardiomyocytes. The study was found that optimizing volume overload alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and mitigated left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic rats co-treated with SBR. SBR co-administration with TZ reduced MDA levels in heart tissue and serum iron concentration (biomarkers of ferroptosis) as well as downregulated mRNA expressions of LOX, ACSL4, LPCAT3, and promoted GPX4 activity as well as upregulated mRNA levels of AKT/PI3K/GSK3β in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the group administered with TZ at 15 mg/kg. SBR co-administration was also helped to retain the normal histoarchitecture of cardiomyocytes in diabetic rats. Hence, our results suggested that SBR is an effective supplement and could be prescribed to diabetic patients along with TZ but this will require further clinical trials.
Evolutionary history of the DNA repair protein, Ku, in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Authors: Rijal Sadikshya , Mainali Ashmita , Acharya Sandesh , Bhattarai Hitesh Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The DNA end-joining protein, Ku, is essential in non-homologous end joining in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It was first discovered in eukaryotes and later by PSI blast, in prokaryotes. While Ku in eukaryotes is often a multi-domain protein functioning in DNA repair of physiological and pathological DNA double-stranded breaks, Ku in prokaryotes is a single-domain protein functioning in pathological DNA repair in spores or late stationary phase. In this paper, we have attempted to systematically search for Ku protein in different phyla of bacteria and archaea as well as in different groups of eukarya.
Result
From our search of 122 sequenced bacterial genomes using NCBI BLASTP, only 31 genomes yielded at least one Ku sequence. In eukarya, we found Ku protein in 27 out of 59 species using BLASTP in NCBI. Since the entire genome of all eukaryotic species is not fully sequenced this number could go up. From a comprehensive search of all OrthoDB archaeal genomes, we received a positive hit in 19 specific archaeal species that possessed Ku70/80 beta-barrel domain. Likewise, we retrieved 11 viral sequences consisting of the Ku70/80 beta-barrel domain using a comprehensive search against virus genomes in OrthoDB. We then drew a phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree to determine the ancestral relationship between Ku70 and Ku80 in eukaryotes and Ku in bacteria, archaea, and viruses. Our tree revealed a common node for some Ku, Ku70, and Ku80. Among the three forms of Ku, Ku70 showed the highest sequence divergence.
Conclusion
One model proposed for Ku evolution hypothesizes that Ku70 arose first and duplicated to form Ku80. Ku70 or Ku80 horizontally transferred onto archaea and then onto bacteria to give the present forms of Ku in three domains of life. Additionally, we analyzed the domains of the different eukaryotic species to demonstrate that fusion, terminal addition, terminal deletion, single domain loss, and single domain emergence events during evolution.
Calculation of the total corneal astigmatism using the virtual cross cylinder method on the secondary principal plane of the cornea
Authors: DANJO YUKITAKA 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to establish a virtual cross cylinder method to calculate total corneal astigmatism by combining anterior corneal astigmatism and posterior corneal astigmatism. The virtual cross cylinder method combines anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism on the secondary principal plane of the cornea based on Gaussian optics. The meridian with the least refractive power, namely, the flattest meridian of the virtual cross cylinder of a ± 0.5×C diopter, is set as the reference meridian, and the power (F) at an angle of φ between an arbitrary meridian and the reference meridian is defined as F(φ) = − 0.5×C×cos2φ. The magnitude and axis of the total corneal astigmatism were calculated by applying trigonometric functions and the atan2 function based on the combination of the virtual cross cylinders of the anterior corneal astigmatism and the posterior corneal astigmatism. To verify the performance of the virtual cross cylinder method, a verification experiment with two Jackson cross cylinders and a lensmeter was performed, and the measured and calculated values were compared. The verification experiment results showed good agreement between the measured and calculated values. A novel technique for calculating total corneal astigmatism, the virtual cross cylinder method, was developed and verified.
Deep learning and clustering approaches for dental implant size classification based of periapical radiographs
Authors: Park Ji-Hyun , Moon Hong-Seok , Jung Hoi-In , Hwang JaeJoon , Choi Yoon-Ho , Kim Jong-Eun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study investigated two artificial intelligence methods for automatically classifying dental implant size based on periapical radiographs. The first method, deep learning (DL), involved utilizing the pretrained VGG16 model and adjusting the fine-tuning degree to analyze image data obtained from periapical radiographs. The second method, cluster analysis, was accomplished by analyzing the implant-specific feature vector derived from three key-point coordinates of the dental implant using the k-means + + algorithm and adjusting the weight of the feature vector. DL and clustering model classified dental implant size into nine groups. The performance metrics of AI models were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The final DL model yielded performances above 0.994, 0.950, 0.994, 0.974, 0.952, 0.994, and 0.975, respectively, and the final clustering model yielded performances above 0.983, 0.900, 0.988, 0.923, 0.909, 0.988, and 0.947, respectively. When comparing the AI model before tuning and the final AI model, statistically significant performance improvements were observed in six out of nine groups for DL models and four out of nine groups for clustering models based on AUC. For clinical applications, AI models require validation on various multicenter data.
Effect of fertigation using capillary wick irrigation and trickle irrigation in different soil textures on vegetative, reproductive and root growth traits of greenhouse cucumber plant
Authors: Jalili Jalal , Zareabyaneh Hamid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate capillary wick irrigation(CWI) and its effect on the growth traits of the Nagene variety greenhouse cucumber plant compared to trickle irrigation(TI) as a factorial experiment during two growing seasons based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three textures of clay loam (CL) (S1), sand clay loam (SCL) (S2) and sandy loam (SL) (S3) at four levels of fertilizer (0.7 (F1), 0.85 (F2), 1.0 (F3) and 1.15 (F4) times the plant's nutrient requirement with three replications. According to the study results, the interaction effects of irrigation methods at different levels of fertilizer showed that in TI and CWI, for reproductive traits (the number of fruits and total fruit weight) during the average of the two growing seasons (18.66 fruits and 1229.5 g) by TI, F4 was more suitable. But by CWI, traits of the number and weight of the total fruits at F3 (13.42 fruits and 846.3 g) showed a more suitable yield compared to other fertilizer levels of the system. The study results of irrigation method×soil texture interaction showed that by TI, the highest average yield during two seasons in the vegetative and reproductive growth traits and root organs was obtained from S1. In CWI, the study results indicated the superiority of S3 in vegetative and reproductive traits. The study results of fertilizer×Soil×irrigation interaction showed that the maximum fruit weight was 1460.26 g obtained from TI and TS1F4. In WI, the maximum value of this parameter (995.57 g) was obtained from WS3F3.
Targeting Breast Cancer with N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine: Integrating Machine Learning and Cellular Assays for Promising Results
Authors: Baysal Ömür , Genç Deniz , Silme Ragıp SOner , Kırboğa Kevser Kübra , Çoban Dilek , Ghafoor Naeem Abdul , Tekin Leyla , Bulut Osman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Early diagnosis of breast cancer can reduce prognosis and mortality rates, but alternative treatments are needed. We studied the effect of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (D-GlcNAc) on breast cancer using machine learning and cell assays. MCF-7 and 4T1 cell lines (ATCC) were cultured in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of D-GlcNAc (0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 4 mM) for 72 hours. A xenograft mouse model for breast cancer was established by injecting 4T1 cells into mammary glands. D-GlcNAc (2 mM) was administered intraperitoneally to mice daily for 28 days, and histopathological effects were evaluated at pre-tumoral and post-tumoral stages. Treatment with 2 mM and 4 mM D-GlcNAc significantly decreased cell proliferation rates in MCF-7 and 4T1 cell lines and increased Fas expression. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher than in untreated cell cultures (P < 0.01 - P < 0.0001). D-GlcNAc administration also considerably reduced tumour size, mitosis, and angiogenesis in the post-treatment group compared to the control breast cancer group (P < 0.01 - P < 0.0001). Molecular docking/dynamic analysis revealed a high binding affinity of D-GlcNAc to the marker protein HER2, which is involved in tumor progression and cell signalling. Our study demonstrates the positive effect of D-GlcNAc administration on breast cancer cells, leading to increased apoptosis and Fas expression in the malignant phenotype. The binding affinity of D-GlcNAc to HER2 suggests a potential mechanism of action. These findings contribute to understanding D-GlcNAc as a potential anti-tumor agent for breast cancer treatment.
Letter identification and spatial localization during visual working memory are enabled by unique sequences of stimulus-dependent neural operations
Authors: Haller Mckenzie , Nyarady Hope , Covey Thomas J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Working memory (WM) is often conceptualized as a multicomponent system consisting of a supervisory central executive component, as well as separable short-term storage components associated with the processing of verbal and spatial information. In the present study, we examined the sequence of neural operations that are engaged for visual-verbal and visual-spatial information during demanding WM performance using an event-related potential (ERP) approach. Participants completed both a verbal and spatial 3-back task with visually presented stimuli, and ERPs were obtained for task performance. ERP analyses indicated that there was an enhancement of anterior N1, P2, P3, and late negative (approximately 400 + msec post-stimulus) component amplitude for the spatial 3-back in comparison to the verbal 3-back task. We interpret these effects as reflecting increased recruitment of neural resources related to the orienting of spatial attention (N1, P2 effects) and comparison and updating of stimulus location during WM (anterior P3, late negativity effects). In contrast, in comparison to the spatial 3-back task, the verbal 3-back task exhibited an enhancement of frontal N2 amplitude, as well as a broader P3 component morphology with a posterior scalp localization. We interpret these effects as reflecting increased recruitment of neural resources associated with stimulus conflict monitoring (N2 effect) and stimulus identification and categorization (posterior P3 effect). These findings suggest that the time-course of neural operations during demanding WM updating is dependent upon the domain of the stimulus information. These ERP effects likely reflect the distinct ventral and dorsal visual processing streams associated with verbal/object and spatial information.
Trophic dynamics of two omnivorous shrimps in the middle Paraná River
Authors: Viozzi M. Florencia , Saigo Miguel , Williner Verónica 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study of the relative importance of different sources of resources in freshwater food webs is key to understanding ecosystem functioning. The shrimps Macrobrachium borellii and Palaemon argentinus are sympatric species that, given their abundance, are important components in the trophic webs of the Paraná River. This river presents a vast floodplain dominated by C3 plants, which in periods of high water (HW), is available as a trophic resource for aquatic organisms. Both M. borellii and P. argentinus are omnivorous consumers and mobile swimmers, so they may play an important role in the incorporation of these terrestrial resources into the aquatic trophic webs during HW. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the relative contribution of trophic web sources using stable isotope analysis (SIA) of muscle and hepatopancreas and stomach content analysis (SCA). The trophic strategy, niche breadth and niche overlap of both shrimp species throughout the hydrosedimentological cycle were also analyzed. The results indicate that both species can consume C3 plants and that, unlike P. argentinus, M. borellii rapidly exploits the available C3 plants during HW. On the other hand, the niche breadth of M. borellii is generally larger than that of P. argentinus, while the niche overlap between both species is smaller during LW. The results obtained highlight the role of shrimp in aquatic food webs, as they can exploit C3 carbon sources during HW and make it available to other aquatic consumers, thus playing a key role in connecting floodplain primary production and water bodies.