bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect and mechanism of NaHS on tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Wen Dingxin , Guo Qingqing , Zhao Wan , Yang Yong , Yang Chunlei , Yu Jun , Hu Yun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince its discovery as a third unique gaseous signal molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been extensively employed to resist stress and control pathogens. Nevertheless, whether H2S can prevent tobacco bacterial wilt is unknown yet. We evaluated the impacts of the H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on the antibacterial activity, morphology, biofilm, and transcriptome of R. solanacearum to understand the effect and mechanism of NaHS on tobacco bacterial wilt. In vitro, NaHS significantly inhibited the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum and obviously altered its cell morphology. Additionally, NaHS significantly inhibited the biofilm formation and swarming motility of R. solanacearum, and reduced the population of R. solanacearum invading tobacco roots. In field experiments, the application of NaHS dramatically decreased the disease incidence and index of tobacco bacterial wilt, with a control efficiency of up to 89.49%. The application of NaHS also influenced the diversity and structure of the soil microbial community. Furthermore, NaHS markedly increased the relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms, which helps prevent tobacco bacterial wilt. These findings highlight NaHS's potential and efficacy as a powerful antibacterial agent for preventing tobacco bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.
House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) escape behavior is triggered faster in smaller settlements
Authors: García-Arroyo Michelle , MacGregor-Fors Ian , Quesada Javier , Borràs Antoni , Colomé-Menoyo Laia , Senar Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA recurrent behavioral trait model to study adaptation to urban environments is the flight initiation distance (FID), measured as the distance at which animals flee from an approaching threat. It has previously been shown that urban birds display shorter FID than their non-urban (rural) counterparts. However, discerning whether this is the result of habituation to human presence and frequentation, or of ecological factors related to the size of the city (considered as “systemic habituation”), has not yet been addressed. In this study, we analyzed House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) FIDs in a network of 26 small towns and villages within the same region in northeastern Spain. Our aim was to relate FID to human population density and settlement size. If the habituation to human presence hypothesis was supported, we should expect FIDs to decrease with the density of the human population across the human settlements, since this type of habituation is related to the rate of human exposure and this is proportional to human density. However, if the systemic habituation hypothesis was supported, FIDs should instead relate to the size of the human settlements, as the abundance of predators, similarly to other ecological variables, is often proportional to the size of towns. Results showed House Sparrows to be bolder in larger human settlements, but not necessarily the ones with a higher density of human population. This supports the idea that the fact that urban birds display shorter FIDs than their rural counterparts is the result of systemic ecological factors rather than the results of a simple habituation to humans.
Incidence and risk factors of opportunistic infections after autologous stem cell transplantation: a nationwide, population-based cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kim Da Jung , Jeong Seri , Kong Seom Gim , Lee Sangjin , Lim Sung-Nam , Oh Sung Yong , Do Young Rok , Lee Won Sik , Lee Mark Hong , Bae Sung Hwa , Kim Se Hyung , Kim Min Kyoung , Lee Ho Sup ,   Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL)
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeveral guidelines classify autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as a low to intermediate risk group for infection. In a nationwide population-based study, using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent ASCT from 2002 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Cumulative incidence rates (CIRs) and risk factors of opportunistic infections were investigated. CIRs of fungal, Varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Pneumocystis jirovecii infections in lymphoma were 7.9%, 16.0%, 7.4%, and 5.1%, respectively, and CIRs in MM were 6.3%, 19.1%, 4.2%, and 5.6%, respectively. Fungal infection was significantly higher in patients with previous infection (Hazard ratio (HR) 2.003, p = 0.005) in lymphoma. Incidence of CMV infection was significantly higher in patients with prior CMV infection: HR 4.920, p < 0.001 (lymphoma); HR 3.022, p = 0.030 (MM). VZV infection was significantly lower in patients receiving prophylaxis: HR 0.082, p < 0.001 (lymphoma); HR 0.096, p < 0.001 (MM). For P. jirovecii infection, busulfex and melphalan conditioning (HR 1.875, p = 0.032) and previous P. jirovecii infection (HR 4.810, p < 0.001) had a higher incidence in MM. Patients who underwent ASCT should receive VZV prophylaxis and prophylaxis for fungal and P. jirovecii may be considered in patients with previous same infection.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and their risk factors in Shaanxi Province in 2004–18
Authors: Wang Weihua , Sa Rina , Dang Shaonong , Qiu Lin , Liu Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo investigate trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and their demographic determinants in Shaanxi Province. Six successive cross-sectional surveys on non-communicable chronic diseases and their risk factors were conducted between 2004 and 2018 in Shaanxi. Complex multistage stratified sampling was adopted to select participants. The information was collected through face-to-face interviews and on-site health examinations. Changes in hypertension prevalence and its management across survey years were estimated. Demographics associated with hypertension prevalence and its management was explored by multivariable logistic regression using pooled data from 2004 to 2018. The prevalence of hypertension increased from 16.71% in 2004 to 31.96% in 2018 with an estimated increase of 1.09% (95% CI 0.31–1.87) per year. However, the rate of awareness, treatment and control among these with hypertension was unexpectedly low and there were no significant change from 2004 to 2018. The corresponding changes were − 0.08% (95% CI − 0.85–0.69) per year for awareness, − 0.06% (95% CI − 1.11–1.00) per year for treatment, and − 0.23% (95% CI − 0.53–0.07) per year for control, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed the same trend. Adults who were old, male, divorced/Widowed/Separated, retired were more likely to develop hypertension. Among these with hypertension, those who were more educated and retired were more likely to manage their hypertension compared with their counterparts. The overall hypertension prevalence from 2004 to 2018 increased rapidly, while awareness, treatment and control of hypertension remained unexpectedly low. This suggested urgent intervention should be implemented to improve hypertension control in Shaanxi Province.
Global conservation prioritization areas in three dimensions of crocodilian diversity
Authors: Lourenço-de-Moraes Ricardo , Campos Felipe S. , Cabral Pedro , Silva-Soares Thiago , Nobrega Yhuri C. , Covre Amanda C. , França Frederico G. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCrocodilians are a taxonomic group of large predators with important ecological and evolutionary benefits for ecosystem functioning in the face of global change. Anthropogenic actions affect negatively crocodilians’ survival and more than half of the species are threatened with extinction worldwide. Here, we map and explore three dimensions of crocodilian diversity on a global scale. To highlight the ecological importance of crocodilians, we correlate the spatial distribution of species with the ecosystem services of nutrient retention in the world. We calculate the effectiveness of global protected networks in safeguarding crocodilian species and provide three prioritization models for conservation planning. Our results show the main hotspots of ecological and evolutionary values are in southern North, Central and South America, west-central Africa, northeastern India, and southeastern Asia. African species have the highest correlation to nutrient retention patterns. Twenty-five percent of the world’s crocodilian species are not significantly represented in the existing protected area networks. The most alarming cases are reported in northeastern India, eastern China, and west-central Africa, which include threatened species with low or non-significant representation in the protected area networks. Our highest conservation prioritization model targets southern North America, east-central Central America, northern South America, west-central Africa, northeastern India, eastern China, southern Laos, Cambodia, and some points in southeastern Asia. Our research provides a global prioritization scheme to protect multiple dimensions of crocodilian diversity for achieving effective conservation outcomes.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mechanism of arterial injury
exacerbated by hyperhomocysteinemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Xu Rui , Ma Xiaoshan , Zhang Xia , Gong Jun , Li Zhongliang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHypertension associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) accounts for 75%
of hypertension in China. HHcy plays a synergistic role with hypertension in vascular
injury and significantly increases the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular
diseases. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of HHcy-induced
arterial injury in hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were injected
intraperitoneally with DL-homocysteine (Hcy) to construct the model of hypertension
associated with HHcy (HHcy + SHR). Biological network was employed to identify the
material basis of arterial injury in hypertension associated with HHcy. The prediction
molecules in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways were experimentally verified by
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB)
analysis. The HHcy + SHR group significantly increased oxidative stress pathway
molecules: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox); inflammatory
pathway molecules: vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a); as well as inflammatory pathway regulatory factors:
nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) p65 and protein kinase B (Akt1). Among them, IL-6
was also significantly increased in the HHcy group. Both oxidative stress and
inflammation contributed to the arterial injury of hypertension associated with HHcy,
and inflammation mechanism might play a leading role in HHcy aggravating arterial
injury, at least partially through the Akt1/NF-κB p65/IL-6 signaling pathway.
Structure–function assessment in glaucoma based on perimetric sensitivity and en face optical coherence tomography images of retinal nerve fiber bundles
Authors: Alluwimi Muhammed S. , Swanson William H. , Malik Rizwan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany studies have assessed structure–function relations in glaucoma, but most without topographical comparison across the central 30°. We present a method for assessing structure–function relations with en face images of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) bundles allowing topographical comparison across much of this retinal area. Forty-four patients with glaucoma (median age 61 years) were recruited and tested with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and perimetry. Six rectangular volume scans were gathered, and then montaged to provide en face views of the RNFL bundles. We calculated the proportion of locations showing a perimetric defect that also showed an en face RNFL defect; and the proportion of locations falling on an RNFL defect that also showed a perimetric defect. A perimetric defect for a location was defined as a total deviation (TD) value equal to or deeper than -4 dB. We found that the median (IQR) number of locations with abnormal RNFL bundle reflectance that also had abnormal TD was 78% (60%) and for locations with abnormal TD that also had abnormal RNFL bundle reflectance was 75% (44%). We demonstrated a potential approach for structure–function assessment in glaucoma by presenting a topographic reflectance map, confirming results of previous studies and including larger retinal regions.
Detection of acute promyelocytic leukemia in peripheral blood and bone marrow with annotation-free deep learning
Authors: Manescu Petru , Narayanan Priya , Bendkowski Christopher , Elmi Muna , Claveau Remy , Pawar Vijay , Brown Biobele J. , Shaw Mike , Rao Anupama , Fernandez-Reyes Delmiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile optical microscopy inspection of blood films and bone marrow aspirates by a hematologist is a crucial step in establishing diagnosis of acute leukemia, especially in low-resource settings where other diagnostic modalities are not available, the task remains time-consuming and prone to human inconsistencies. This has an impact especially in cases of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) that require urgent treatment. Integration of automated computational hematopathology into clinical workflows can improve the throughput of these services and reduce cognitive human error. However, a major bottleneck in deploying such systems is a lack of sufficient cell morphological object-labels annotations to train deep learning models. We overcome this by leveraging patient diagnostic labels to train weakly-supervised models that detect different types of acute leukemia. We introduce a deep learning approach, Multiple Instance Learning for Leukocyte Identification (MILLIE), able to perform automated reliable analysis of blood films with minimal supervision. Without being trained to classify individual cells, MILLIE differentiates between acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia in blood films. More importantly, MILLIE detects APL in blood films (AUC 0.94 ± 0.04) and in bone marrow aspirates (AUC 0.99 ± 0.01). MILLIE is a viable solution to augment the throughput of clinical pathways that require assessment of blood film microscopy.
Tanshinone IIA-loaded nanoparticles and neural stem cell combination therapy improves gut homeostasis and recovery in a pig ischemic stroke model
Authors: Jeon Julie H. , Kaiser Erin E. , Waters Elizabeth S. , Yang Xueyuan , Lourenco Jeferson M. , Fagan Madison M. , Scheulin Kelly M. , Sneed Sydney E. , Shin Soo K. , Kinder Holly A. , Kumar Anil , Platt Simon R. , Ahn Jeongyoun , Duberstein Kylee J. , Rothrock Michael J. , Callaway Todd R. , Xie Jin , West Franklin D. , Park Hea Jin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImpaired gut homeostasis is associated with stroke often presenting with leaky gut syndrome and increased gut, brain, and systemic inflammation that further exacerbates brain damage. We previously reported that intracisternal administration of Tanshinone IIA-loaded nanoparticles (Tan IIA-NPs) and transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (iNSCs) led to enhanced neuroprotective and regenerative activity and improved recovery in a pig stroke model. We hypothesized that Tan IIA-NP + iNSC combination therapy-mediated stroke recovery may also have an impact on gut inflammation and integrity in the stroke pigs. Ischemic stroke was induced, and male Yucatan pigs received PBS + PBS (Control, n = 6) or Tan IIA-NP + iNSC (Treatment, n = 6) treatment. The Tan IIA-NP + iNSC treatment reduced expression of jejunal TNF-α, TNF-α receptor1, and phosphorylated IkBα while increasing the expression of jejunal occludin, claudin1, and ZO-1 at 12 weeks post-treatment (PT). Treated pigs had higher fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) levels than their counterparts throughout the study period, and fecal SCFAs levels were negatively correlated with jejunal inflammation. Interestingly, fecal SCFAs levels were also negatively correlated with brain lesion volume and midline shift at 12 weeks PT. Collectively, the anti-inflammatory and neuroregenerative treatment resulted in increased SCFAs levels, tight junction protein expression, and decreased inflammation in the gut.
Different risk factors distinguish myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome from severe fatigue
Authors: Palacios Natalia , Molsberry Samantha , Fitzgerald Kathryn C. , Komaroff Anthony L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFatigue is a common reason that patients seek medical care. Only a fraction of these patients meet criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). To determine if ME/CFS is just a more extreme form of fatigue, or a qualitatively different condition, we assessed whether risk factors for ME/CFS and for Severe Fatigue were similar. An email questionnaire that inquired about symptoms of Severe Fatigue and ME/CFS was completed by 41,802 US female nurses from whom detailed medical and lifestyle information had been collected since 1989: 102 met criteria for ME/CFS, 522 had Severe Fatigue, and 41,178 individuals were without significant chronic fatigue. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the Hazard Ratio (HR) of Severe Fatigue and of ME/CFS with each of several potential risk factors, according to the level of exposure to each risk factor. The risk of Severe Fatigue was significantly increased among participants who were older, had a higher BMI in adulthood, used hormone therapy, had increased alcohol intake and decreased caffeine intake. In contrast, these risk factor associations were not seen in people with ME/CFS. A self-reported past history of acute infectious mononucleosis was associated with a non-significantly increased Hazard Ratio of later ME/CFS (HR 1.77, 0.87–3.61) and, to a lesser extent, of Severe Fatigue (HR 1.28, 0.98–1.66). The different contribution of various risk factors to Severe Fatigue and ME/CFS suggests that ME/CFS has a qualitatively different underlying biology from the more common state of Severe Fatigue.
Activation of the rostral nucleus accumbens shell by optogenetics induces cataplexy-like behavior in orexin neuron-ablated mice
Authors: Kawashima Shigetaka , Lou Fan , Kusumoto-Yoshida Ikue , Hao Liying , Kuwaki Tomoyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCataplexy is one of the symptoms of type 1 narcolepsy, characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone. It can be seen as a behavioral index of salience, predominantly positive emotion, since it is triggered by laughter in humans and palatable foods in mice. In our previous study using chemogenetic techniques in narcoleptic mice (orexin neuron-ablated mice), we found that the rostral nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is needed for chocolate-induced cataplexy. In this study, we investigated whether a short-lasting stimulation/inhibition of the NAc by optogenetics led to a similar result. Photo-illumination to the NAc in the channel rhodopsin-expressing mice showed a higher incidence (34.9 ± 5.1%) of cataplexy-like behavior than the control mice (17.8 ± 3.1%, P = 0.0056). Meanwhile, inactivation with archaerhodopsin did not affect incidence. The episode duration of cataplexy-like behavior was not affected by activation or inactivation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that photo-illumination activated channel rhodopsin-expressing NAc shell neurons. Thus, activation of the NAc, whether transient (light stimulation) or longer-lasting (chemical stimulation in our previous study), facilitates cataplexy-like behaviors and contributes to the induction but not maintenance in them. On the other hand, our study's result from optogenetic inhibition of the NAc (no effect) was different from chemogenetic inhibition (reduction of cataplexy-like behavior) in our previous study. We propose that the initiation of cataplexy-like behavior is facilitated by activation of the NAc, while NAc-independent mechanisms determine the termination of the behavior.
Study of snow cover/depth evolution characteristics in Tianshan region of China based on geographical partition
Authors: Qiao Wei , Xie Liangfu , Zhang Jiabing , Qin Yongjun , Liu Xuejun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBased on the digital elevation data, snow depth and snow cover remote sensing data, this paper divides six snow evolution areas and geographical partitions, extracts the geographical partitions of each evolution area and obtains the geographical characteristics of the evolution area for analysis. The results show that: (1) From 2003 to 2017, the average snow area decreased at a rate of − 0.004, and the average snow depth increased at a rate of 0.03. (2) The snow in the middle altitude hill with shady gentle slope area is the most obvious in the seasonal evolution, and the percentage of this region in the seasonal snow evolution area is 5.46%, the snow depth in the middle altitude hill with sunny and gentle slopes area increased and decreased significantly in the past 15 years, and the percentage of this region in the SD significant changes evolution area was 6.32%. The snow in the low relief middle altitude mountain with shady and moderate slope area not only shows obvious seasonal evolution, but also increases and decreases significantly in snow depth. And the percentage of this region in the seasonal snow significant evolution area is 5.82%. (3) The geographical partitions with the largest area in all evolution areas is the middle altitude hill with sunny and gentle slopes area (4.75%). (4) The geographical partition with the largest variation of snow depth in Tianshan region is the low relief middle altitude mountain with shady and moderate slope area (12.02 cm). (5) The snow accumulation and melting are obvious in the range of 1000–3500 m above altitude, different geomorphology types lead to obvious differences in snow characteristics. The snow melting is most obvious in the gentle slope area of the low topographic relief geomorphology types, and the snow accumulation is most obvious in the steep slope area of the middle relief geomorphology types.
Political ideology and moral dilemmas in public good provision
Authors: Hoenig Laura C. , Pliskin Ruthie , De Dreu Carsten K. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndividuals often face dilemmas in which non-cooperation serves their self-interest and cooperation favors society at large. Cooperation is often considered the moral choice because it creates equality and fairness among citizens. Accordingly, individuals whose political ideology attaches greater value to equality than to agency and self-reliance should not only cooperate on more rather than less efficient public goods, but also more on public goods from which individuals benefit equally rather than unequally. We examine this possibility by comparing ideologically left-leaning and right-leaning individuals’ cooperation on multiple public goods that varied in efficiency and (in)equality in returns. We find that left-leaning individuals cooperate more than right-leaning ones, but only on public goods that benefit everyone equally, and not more on public goods that generate inequalities. Left-leaning individuals also trust and expect others to cooperate more on equal- versus unequal-returns public goods, while self-identified right-leaning individuals do not differentiate between these. Interestingly, ideology does not predict which public good is deemed more morally appropriate to cooperate on. Results combined specify when and why self-identified leftists can(not) be expected to cooperate more than rightists and reveal how moral decision-making depends on structural elements of the public good provision problems that citizens face.