bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Novel Quality Evaluation Methods to Differentiate Two Closely Related Species of Tinospora: A Rapid HPTLC- and HPLC-Based Assessment with MS/MS Characterization
Authors: Girme Aboli , Saste Ganesh , Balasubramaniam Arun Kumar , Ghule Chetana , Mulay Vallabh , Hingorani Lal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The sympatric occurrence of the species that often resulted in different gatherings of plant material, ambiguous history on traditional use, and taxonomic flux due to similarities within the Tinospora (Menispermaceae) taxa are some of the reasons that triggered the necessity to develop robust analytical methods for efficient QC, especially to recognize dry and powder forms.

Objective
To develop novel HPTLC-based fingerprinting of two closely resembling Tinospora species followed by HPTLC–MS analysis and identification of compounds differentiating Tinospora crispa (TCP) and Tinospora cordifolia (TCR) and a rapid and quantitative assessment by HPLC with a photodiode array detector (HPLC–PDA) with MS/MS characterization of specific TCP and TCR analytical markers.

Methods
An HPTLC-based method was developed using chloroform–toluene–methanol–formic acid (7 + 4 + 2 + 0.2, by volume). The TCP compounds could be distinguished and isolated using successive column chromatography with complete characterization. Further these used in the reverse phase (RP)-HPLC–PDA coupled with LC–ESI (electrospray ionization)-MS/MS to quantify and confirmation in TCP and TCR.

Results
The fingerprinting showed distinct bands in TCP stems, confirmed as clerodane- furanoditerpenoids with indirect profiling by the HPTLC–MS technique. Systematic isolation confirmed these compounds as borapetosides B and E. Thus, the RP-HPLC–PDA method was developed for these borapetosides B and E, with tinosporide to differentiate these two species. The quantitation method was well validated with good linearity (r2 &gt;0.99) with sensitive LOD (0.49–3.71 mcg/mL) and LOQ (1.48–11.23 mcg/mL) with recoveries of 92.34–96.19%.

Conclusion
A novel, validated HPLC–PDA method showed good resolution and reliability (up to 1% adulteration) in quantification for targeted major analytical markers from TCP to differentiate TCR. Thus, HPTLC and HPLC–PDA-based techniques are helpful with MS/MS-based characterization to identify and quantify these analytical markers from TCP (borapetoside B and E) and TCR (tinosporide) in dry and powder form.

Highlights
This article reports on the systemic use of HPTLC–MS for separating and identifying analytical markers in Tinospora species, distinguishing TCR and TCP with quantitative HPLC–PDA and MS/MS assessment.
Research Progress of Photodynamic Therapy in Wound Healing: A Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Hongqing , Sun Jiachen , Yang Yuguang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Light is an efficient technique that has a significant influence on contemporary medicine. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which involves the combined action of photosensitizers (PSs), oxygen, and light, has emerged as a therapeutically promising method for treating a broad variety of solid tumors and infectious diseases. Photodynamic therapy is minimally invasive, has few side effects, lightens scars, and reduces tissue loss while preserving organ structure and function. In particular, PDT has a high healing potential for wounds (PDT stimulates wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization, promoting angiogenesis as well as modulating skin homeostasis). Wound healing involves interactions between many different processes, including coagulation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cellular migration, and proliferation. Poor wound healing with diabetes or extensive burns remains a difficult challenge. This review emphasizes PDT as a potential research field and summarizes PDT’s role in wound healing, including normal wounds, chronic wounds, and aging wounds.
Factors influencing abundance of 3 tick species across a gradient of urban development intensity in the US Great Plains
Authors: Noden Bruce H , Roselli Megan A , Loss Scott R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Urbanization alters abiotic conditions, vegetation, and wildlife populations in ways that affect tick abundance and tick-borne disease prevalence. Likely due to such changes, tick abundance has increased in many US urban areas. Despite growing public health importance of tick-borne diseases, little is known about how ticks are influenced by urbanization in North America, especially in the central United States where several pathogens occur at or near their highest incidences. To identify factors influencing tick abundance across a gradient of urbanization intensity, we used CO2 traps and flagging to sample ticks at 16 parks across Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA over 2 yr, conducted vegetation surveys, and used trail cameras to estimate a deer abundance index. Our results indicate there is a risk of encountering ticks across the entire urbanization gradient from exurban areas to the urban core, although some species (Dermacentor variabilis (Say)) appear less-common in heavily-urbanized areas. Vegetation variables were also associated with tick abundance. For example, Amblyomma maculatum Koch decreased with increasing woody plant and leaf litter cover, and there was a weak positive relationship between D. variabilis abundance and cover of understory eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.), indicating this native encroaching tree may increase tick populations in urban areas of the Great Plains. The deer abundance index was positively correlated with A. maculatum and D. variabilis abundance but unrelated to A. americanum (L.) abundance. Public health officials and land managers can use such information about parks/greenspaces and their surroundings to focus public education and land management efforts designed to reduce tick-borne disease prevalence.
Public and Private Sanctions for Corporate Misconduct: Evidence From Listed Companies
Authors: Cardone-Riportella Clara , García-Olalla Myriam , Vázquez-Ordás Camilo J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the impact that the application of competition legislation exerts on financial markets. The sanctioning process is classified into three key moments: the announcement of an investigation when a case of corporate misconduct is suspected; the imposition of a fine, if applicable; and, finally, the rectification or ratification of the sanction. The impact of these announcements on share prices between 2013 and 2021 is analyzed using the event study methodology. This research focuses on companies listed on the Spanish stock exchange, yielding 22 firms with 95 observations. The results show a negative and significant market reaction to the series of announcements. While this reaction intensifies if the fine is ratified, the response becomes positive when the sanction is rectified and annulled. In conclusion, the evidence found allows us to state that the market does in effect penalize corporate misconduct. Furthermore, the public sanction imposed by the competent authority is then followed by a private sanction, which manifests itself as a drop in market value. This is consistent with a hypothetical effect of reputational loss, especially in those cases in which the sanction is more significant in relation to the company’s market value.
Improving Delivery of the Social Safety Net: The Role of Stigma
Authors: Lasky-Fink Jessica , Linos Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many low-income households in the United States miss out on social safety net benefits because of the information, compliance, and psychological costs associated with take-up of government assistance. Yet, the empirical evidence on the impact of learning and psychological costs on take-up, and how to reduce them, is mixed. Leaning on an administrative burden framework, this article measures the role of reducing learning costs and stigma on demand for rental assistance in two field experiments (N = 117,073) conducted in two US cities. We find that providing information about emergency rental assistance increased program application requests by 52% compared to a no-communication control group. Moreover, subtle framing changes aimed at destigmatizing rental assistance increased engagement with the communication by 36% and increased application requests by about 18% relative to an information only group, with potentially larger effects for renters of color. In two subsequent online experiments (N = 1,258), we document that the destigmatizing framing reduces internalized stigma, without affecting perceptions of the program itself.
Spatial confidence regions for combinations of excursion sets in image analysis
Authors: Maullin-Sapey Thomas , Schwartzman Armin , Nichols Thomas E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The analysis of excursion sets in imaging data is essential to a wide range of scientific disciplines such as neuroimaging, climatology, and cosmology. Despite growing literature, there is little published concerning the comparison of processes that have been sampled across the same spatial region but which reflect different study conditions. Given a set of asymptotically Gaussian random fields, each corresponding to a sample acquired for a different study condition, this work aims to provide confidence statements about the intersection, or union, of the excursion sets across all fields. Such spatial regions are of natural interest as they directly correspond to the questions ‘Where do all random fields exceed a predetermined threshold?’, or ‘Where does at least one random field exceed a predetermined threshold?’. To assess the degree of spatial variability present, our method provides, with a desired confidence, subsets and supersets of spatial regions defined by logical conjunctions (i.e. set intersections) or disjunctions (i.e. set unions), without any assumption on the dependence between the different fields. The method is verified by extensive simulations and demonstrated using task-fMRI data to identify brain regions with activation common to four variants of a working memory task.
On the Etymology of Biblical Hebrew טֶרֶם Ṭɛrɛm ‘before, not yet’
Authors: Sjörs Ambjörn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper argues that the Biblical Hebrew grammatical morpheme טֶרֶם ṭɛrɛm ‘before, not yet’ is derived from a noun *tִVrm- meaning ‘(big) lip’.1
Brain tumors in United States military veterans
Authors: Bihn John R , Cioffi Gino , Waite Kristin A , Kruchko Carol , Neff Corey , Price Mackenzie , Ostrom Quinn T , Swinnerton Kaitlin N , Elbers Danne C , Mooney Michael A , Rachlin Jacob , Stein Thor D , Brophy Mary T , Do Nhan V , Ferguson Ryan E , Priemer David S , Perl Daniel P , Hickman Richard A , Nabors Burt , Rusiecki Jennifer , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Fillmore Nathanael R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Comprehensive analysis of brain tumor incidence and survival in the Veteran population has been lacking.

Methods
Veteran data were obtained from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Medical Centers via VHA Corporate Data Warehouse. Brain tumor statistics on the overall US population were generated from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the US data. Cases were individuals (≥18 years) with a primary brain tumor, diagnosed between 2004 and 2018. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated per 100 000 population and Kaplan–Meier survival curves evaluated overall survival outcomes among Veterans.

Results
The Veteran population was primarily white (78%), male (93%), and between 60 and 64 years old (18%). Individuals with a primary brain tumor in the general US population were mainly female (59%) and between 18 and 49 years old (28%). The overall AAIR of primary brain tumors from 2004 to 2018 within the Veterans Affairs cancer registry was 11.6. Nonmalignant tumors were more common than malignant tumors (AAIR:7.19 vs 4.42). The most diagnosed tumors in Veterans were nonmalignant pituitary tumors (AAIR:2.96), nonmalignant meningioma (AAIR:2.62), and glioblastoma (AAIR:1.96). In the Veteran population, survival outcomes became worse with age and were lowest among individuals diagnosed with glioblastoma.

Conclusions
Differences between Veteran and US populations can be broadly attributed to demographic composition differences of these groups. Prior to this, there have been no reports on national-level incidence rates and survival outcomes for Veterans. These data provide vital information that can drive efforts to understand disease burden and improve outcomes for individuals with primary brain tumors.
Prognostic Association of Liposomal Amphotericin B Doses Above 5 mg/kg/d in Mucormycosis: A Nationwide Epidemiologic and Treatment Analysis in Japan
Authors: Tashiro Masato , Namie Hotaka , Ito Yuya , Takazono Takahiro , Kakeya Hiroshi , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Mukae Hiroshi , Mikamo Hiroshige , Tomoo Fukuda , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Izumikawa Koichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection, and there is limited information on its precise epidemiology and treatment practices, including the optimal dosage of liposomal amphotericin B.

Methods
A retrospective, multicenter, nationwide analysis of 82 proven and probable cases of mucormycosis was performed. Cases between 2015 and 2022 were collected from 51 hospitals in Japan by hematologists and infectious disease specialists. The study included the epidemiology, treatment details, and association between the dose of liposomal amphotericin B and the outcome.

Results
The lungs were the most commonly involved organ (70.7% of cases), and 35.4% of patients had disseminated disease. Rhizopus spp., Cunninghamella spp., and Mucor spp. were the most common organisms. Mortality at 4 weeks was 41.5%. The survivors had a shorter duration of neutropenia (P = .006) and less persistent hyperglycemia (P = .023). The site of infection and species of Mucorales had no detectable effect on survival. Survival did not differ between patients receiving liposomal amphotericin B at 5 mg/kg/d relative to those receiving &gt;5 mg/kg/d (P = .625). Using Cox proportional hazards models and adjusting for confounders, the hazard ratio for the influence of &gt;5 mg/kg/d liposomal amphotericin B on 4-week survival was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.28–2.68; P = .796) compared with 5 mg/kg/d.

Conclusions
This study provides important insights into the precise epidemiology and treatment practices of mucormycosis. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B at doses higher than 5 mg/kg/d did not improve outcomes relative to 5 mg/kg/d.
Beach recreationists perceive a lack of knowledge about shorebirds’ needs as a constraint to walking around shorebird flocks
Authors: Comber Carolyn A , Dayer Ashley A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Walking through shorebird flocks can have negative impacts on shorebird populations. Understanding human behavior is essential for minimizing disturbance. As such, we used a mixed methods approach consisting of phone interviews and a survey to explore (1) recreationists’ perceived benefits and constraints to voluntarily walk around shorebird flocks, (2) recreationists’ intentions to walk around shorebird flocks, (3) differences in behavioral intention by sociodemographic variables, and (4) differences in norms, benefits, and constraints among recreationists who intend to walk around flocks and recreationists who do not intend to walk around flocks. We found that perceived benefits to walking around flocks were maintaining undisturbed conditions for shorebirds and reducing harm to people and their dogs, whereas perceived constraints related to a lack of knowledge about shorebirds’ needs. The majority of recreationists were willing to walk around flocks, rather than through them. Intention to walk around flocks can vary by sociodemographic groups. Recreationists who intended to walk around flocks had stronger personal and social norms than recreationists who did not intend to walk around flocks. Recreationists who intended to walk around flocks generally agreed more strongly that maintaining undisturbed conditions for shorebirds and reduced harm to people and their dogs were benefits, compared to participants who did not intend to walk around flocks. Recreationists who did not intend to walk around flocks agreed more strongly that a lack of knowledge about shorebirds’ needs was a constraint compared to participants who intended to walk around flocks. Our findings could be used in the strategy development phase of a community-based social marketing campaign (CBSM) aimed at encouraging recreationists to voluntarily walk around shorebird flocks. Using behavior change techniques, benefits uncovered in this study can be emphasized and constraints uncovered in this study can be reduced for the purpose of promoting less disturbance to shorebirds.
A CYP78As–small grain4–coat protein complex Ⅱ pathway promotes grain size in rice
Authors: Zhou Chunlei , Lin Qibing , Ren Yulong , Lan Jie , Miao Rong , Feng Miao , Wang Xin , Liu Xi , Zhang Shengzhong , Pan Tian , Wang Jiachang , Luo Sheng , Qian Jinsheng , Luo Wenfan , Mou Changling , Nguyen Thanhliem , Cheng Zhijun , Zhang Xin , Lei Cailin , Zhu Shanshan , Guo Xiuping , Wang Jie , Zhao Zhichao , Liu Shijia , Jiang Ling , Wan Jianmin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
CYP78A, a cytochrome P450 subfamily that includes rice (Oryza sativa L.) BIG GRAIN2 (BG2, CYP78A13) and Arabidopsis thaliana KLUH (KLU, CYP78A5), generate an unknown mobile growth signal (referred to as a CYP78A-derived signal) that increases grain (seed) size. However, the mechanism by which the CYP78A pathway increases grain size remains elusive. Here, we characterized a rice small grain mutant, small grain4 (smg4), with smaller grains than its wild type due to restricted cell expansion and cell proliferation in spikelet hulls. SMG4 encodes a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter. Loss of function of SMG4 causes smaller grains while overexpressing SMG4 results in larger grains. SMG4 is mainly localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERESs) and partially localized to the ER and Golgi. Biochemically, SMG4 interacts with coat protein complex Ⅱ (COPⅡ) components (Sar1, Sec23, and Sec24) and CYP78As (BG2, GRAIN LENGTH 3.2 [GL3.2], and BG2-LIKE 1 [BG2L1]). Genetically, SMG4 acts, at least in part, in a common pathway with Sar1 and CYP78As to regulate grain size. In summary, our findings reveal a CYP78As–SMG4–COPⅡ regulatory pathway for grain size in rice, thus providing new insights into the molecular and genetic regulatory mechanism of grain size.
Orbital-free density functional theory: Differences and similarities between electronic and nuclear systems
Authors: Colò Gianluca , Hagino Kouichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Orbital-free density functional theory (OF-DFT) has been used when studying atoms, molecules, and solids. In nuclear physics, applications of OF-DFT have been quite scarce so far, as DFT has been widely applied to the study of many nuclear properties mostly within the Kohn–Sham (KS) scheme. There are many realizations of nuclear KS-DFT, but computations become very demanding for heavy systems, such as superheavy nuclei and the inner crust of neutron stars, and it is hard to describe exotic nuclear shapes using a finite basis made with a limited number of orbitals. These bottlenecks could, in principle, be overcome by an orbital-free formulation of DFT. This work is a first step towards the realistic application of OF-DFT to nuclei. In particular, we have implemented possible choices for an orbital-free kinetic energy and solved the associated Schrödinger equation either with simple potentials or with simplified nuclear density functionals. While the former choice sheds light on the differences between electronic and nuclear systems, the latter choice allows us to discuss the practical applications to nuclei as well as open questions.
Identifying the public health needs of a UK probation cohort: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Williams O , Gray B J , Perrett S E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The health needs of those under probation are likely high, but they have received very little public health attention. Limited evidence exists on the public health needs and interventions to support this cohort.

Methods
Surveys were completed by 257 people on probation as part of a local health needs assessment. Results were compared with the general population responses from the National Survey for Wales (2021–22).

Results
People on probation were 4.2 times more likely to self-report not-good general health (fair, bad or very bad) than the general population (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 4.2, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 3.2–5.4). The odds of having a mental health condition were over eight times higher than the general population (aOR 8.8, 95% CI 6.8–11.4). Prevalence of smoking (52%), drug use (60%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (21%), autism (4%) and dyslexia (15%) were all higher than the general population. General Practitioner usage and hospital stays were higher, but dentist or optician usage lower than the general population (P &lt; 0.05). Emergency departments were accessed by 35%, with 9% frequenting them three or more times.

Conclusions
People on probation have poorer self-reported health, higher prevalence of unhealthy behaviours and higher accessing of reactive health services than the general population.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Counterfactuals: Heterogeneous Survival Expectations in a Life Cycle Model
Authors: de Bresser Jochem 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article shows that individual-level heterogeneity in survival expectations derived from subjective survey information improves the out-of-sample predictions of a dynamic model of retirement and saving. We consider three approaches to modelling survival: life tables, average subjective expectations, and individual-specific estimates based on reported survival probabilities. The models are estimated using Dutch data from the 1990s, a period during which workers could retire from age 59 at no penalty to pension benefits. Actuarial adjustments were introduced in the early 2000s, and we use data from the period 2006–16 to evaluate the accuracy of the counterfactual predictions. While the three models yield different preference estimates, their within-sample fit is similar. Out-of-sample forecasts do differ markedly. The models with homogeneous expectations anticipate a 4- or 5-year increase in the average retirement age in the new regime, compared with an observed increase of 2.6 years. The model with heterogeneous expectations predicts a more realistic increase of 2.7 years. Expectations matter when it comes to counterfactual predictions, even if different combinations of preferences and expectations appear equivalent within a given institutional setting.
Exploiting Growth Opportunities: The Role of Internal Labour Markets
Authors: Cestone Giacinta , Fumagalli Chiara , Kramarz Francis , Pica Giovanni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explore how business groups use internal labour markets (ILMs) in response to changing economic conditions. We show that following the exit of a large industry competitor, group-affiliated firms expand, and gain market share by increasing their reliance on the ILM to ensure swift hiring, especially of technical managers and skilled blue collar workers. The ability to take advantage of this shock to growth opportunities is greater in firms with closer access to their affiliates’ human capital, as geographical proximity facilitates employee relocations across units. Overall, our findings point to the ILM as a prominent mechanism making affiliation with a business group valuable at times of change. For the ILM to perform its role in the face of industry shocks, group sectoral diversification must be combined with geographical proximity between affiliates.