bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a household air pollution intervention using liquefied petroleum gas stoves, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging on dietary and sodium intake of adult women in Puno, Peru: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tarazona-Meza Carla , Williams Kendra N , Malpartida Gary , Kephart Josiah L , Fandiño-Del-Río Magdalena , Simkovich Suzanne , Hossen Shakir , Chiang Marilu , Koehler Kirsten , Checkley William ,   Cardiopulmonary Outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) trial Investigators
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective:Household air pollution (HAP) is a widespread environmental exposure worldwide. While several cleaner fuel interventions have been implemented to reduce personal exposures to HAP, it is unclear if cooking with cleaner fuels also affects the choice of meals and dietary intake.Design:Individually randomised, open-label controlled trial of a HAP intervention. We aimed to determine the effect of a HAP intervention on dietary and Na intake. Intervention participants received a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove, continuous fuel delivery and behavioural messaging during 1 year whereas control participants continued with usual cooking practices that involved the use of biomass-burning stoves. Dietary outcomes included energy, energy-adjusted macronutrients and Na intake at baseline, 6 months and 12 months post-randomisation using 24-h dietary recalls and 24-h urine. We used t-tests to estimate differences between arms in the post-randomisation period.Setting:Rural settings in Puno, Peru.Participants:One hundred women aged 25–64 years.Results:At baseline, control and intervention participants were similar in age (47·4 v. 49·5 years) and had similar daily energy (8894·3 kJ v. 8295·5 kJ), carbohydrate (370·8 g v. 373·3 g) and Na intake (4·9 g v. 4·8 g). One year after randomisation, we did not find differences in average energy intake (9292·4 kJ v. 8788·3 kJ; P = 0·22) or Na intake (4·5 g v. 4·6 g; P = 0·79) between control and intervention participants.Conclusions:Our HAP intervention consisting of an LPG stove, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging did not affect dietary and Na intake in rural Peru.
Global Variability of Density Contrast Across the 660‐km Discontinuity
Authors: Wang Jingchuan , Gu Yu Jeffrey , Schmerr Nicholas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates lateral variations in density contrast across the 660‐km discontinuity, which is critical for understanding mantle convection and composition. We produce a global map of density jump, with values ranging from 3.8% to 9.3%, at the mineralogical phase boundary by applying inversions of amplitude variations with offset to underside S reflections. Our observations reveal a global average velocity jump of 4.1% and a density jump of 5.3%, favoring a pyrolitic bulk composition. Near major subduction zones, most notably the western Pacific and South America, we identify reduced density jumps in regions of depressed 660‐km discontinuity, consistent with basalt fractions greater than 30% in a mechanically mixed mantle. The causal association between density jump and compositional changes is further supported by a moderate correlation between lateral variations in density jump and those of water content anomalies.
Experimental Measurement of Enhanced and Hindered Particle Settling in Turbulent Gas‐Particle Suspensions, and Geophysical Implications
Authors: Penlou Baptiste , Roche Olivier , Manga Michael , van den Wildenberg Siet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of geophysical dilute turbulent gas‐particles mixtures depends to a large extent on particle concentration, which in turn depends predominantly on the particle settling velocity. We experimentally investigate air‐particle mixtures contained in a vertical pipe in which the velocity of an ascending air flux matches the settling velocity of glass particles. To obtain local particle concentrations in these mixtures, we use acoustic probing and air pressure measurements and show that these independent techniques yield similar results for a range of particle sizes and particle concentrations. Moreover, we find that in suspensions of small particles (78 μm) the settling velocity increases with the local particle concentration due to the formation of particle clusters. These clusters settle with a velocity that is four times faster than the terminal settling velocity of single particles, and they double settling speeds of the suspensions. In contrast, in suspensions of larger particles (467 μm) the settling velocity decreases with increasing particle concentration. Although particle clusters are still present in this case, the settling velocity is decreased by 30%, which is captured by a hindered settling model. These results suggest an interplay between hindered settling and cluster‐induced enhanced settling, which in our experiments occur respectively at Stokes number O(100) and O(1). We discuss implications for volcanic plumes and pyroclastic currents. Our study suggests that clustering and related enhanced or hindered particle settling velocities should be considered in models of volcanic phenomena and that drag law corrections are needed for reliable predictions and hazard assessment.
Climatology of Transport in the Strait of Belle Isle
Authors: Shaw J.‐L. , Galbraith P. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Strait of Belle Isle (SBI) is an important pathway for water mass exchanges between the Labrador Shelf and the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), particularly for transport toward the GSL. Seasonal and inter‐annual variability of transport in the SBI are examined using 15 years of moored acoustic Doppler current profiler data. Tidal currents are largely along strait and homogeneous with depth. Transports are toward the GSL on average, lowest (−1.0 ± 0.8 dSv) from April to July, and highest (−4.0 ± 1.1 dSv) from September to January. Averaged seasonal transports are usually within one standard deviation of previously published modeled values. The volume of winter Labrador Shelf water (LShW) entering the GSL is computed by transport integration and compares well with integrated volumes that meet LShW temperature‐salinity criteria during an annual March survey of the GSL. Integrating over the whole year showed that on average 649 ± 397 km3 enters the GSL after the March surveys are conducted, independently of the volume that has entered up to March; this addition represents on average about a third of the total volume. Annual volumes of LShW calculated from transport suggest that flow through the SBI accounts for 12%–18% of the GSL winter surface mixed layer. Cross‐strait current shear may affect transport integration values, but sea surface temperature data suggests this bias is limited to the summer. Corrections are empirically derived to account for cross‐strait shear in our transport calculation. The corrected time series suggests that the average transport may be flowing toward the Labrador Shelf in July (0.6 ± 1.0 CI [0.1 1.1] dSv).
Modeling Potential Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Process Chains and Effects From Artificial Lake‐Level Lowering at Gepang Gath Lake, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Sattar Ashim , Allen Simon , Mergili Martin , Haeberli Wilfried , Frey Holger , Kulkarni Anil V. , Haritashya Umesh K. , Huggel Christian , Goswami Ajanta , Ramsankaran RAAJ 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a severe threat to communities in the Himalayas; however, GLOF mitigation strategies have been implemented for only a few lakes, and future changes in hazard are rarely considered. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of current and future GLOF hazard for Gepang Gath Lake, Western Himalaya, considering rock and/or ice avalanches cascading into the lake. We consider ground surface temperature and topography to define avalanche source zones located in areas of potentially degrading permafrost. GLOF process chains in current and future scenarios, also considering engineered lake lowering of 10 and 30 m, were evaluated. Here, varied avalanche impact waves, erosion patterns, debris flow hydraulics, and GLOF impacts at Sissu village, under 18 different scenarios were assessed. Authors demonstrated that a larger future lake does not necessarily produce larger GLOF events in Sissu, depending, among other factors, on the location from where the triggering avalanche initiates and strikes the lake. For the largest scenarios, 10 m of lowering reduces the high‐intensity zone by 54% and 63% for the current and future scenarios, respectively, but has little effect on the medium‐intensity flood zone. Even with 30 m of lake lowering, the Sissu helipad falls in the high‐intensity zone under all moderate‐to‐large scenarios, with severe implications for evacuations and other emergency response actions. The approach can be extended to other glacial lakes to demonstrate the efficiency of lake lowering as an option for GLOF mitigation and enable a robust GLOF hazard and risk assessment.
Physician Interest in Hiring Pediatric Psychologists in Specialty Care Roles
Authors: Dawson Anne E. , David Jennie G. , Threlkeld Brooke M. 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Integration of pediatric psychology into medical specialty clinics remains an ongoing need in pediatrics, which is dependent on hiring psychologists. The perspectives of physicians who may be involved in the hiring process are not well-understood. This study sought to identify the considerations of physicians in leadership positions in medical training programs. Methods: Participants included a national sample of 64 physician training directors across five specialty areas (gastroenterology, hematology/oncology, neurology, urology, and cardiology). Physicians completed a survey assessing knowledge of pediatric psychology, the current integration of psychologists and trainees, and considerations for hiring pediatric psychology. Physicians provided feedback on a fictional pediatric psychology applicant's “cold email.” Results: The majority (65.6%) of participants reported current psychology integration in the overarching specialty (e.g., neurology); however, integration of psychology trainees and psychology within each subspecialty population (e.g., epilepsy) was less prevalent. Participants indicated varied responses to the “cold email” and identified several considerations in the hiring of pediatric psychologists, including funding, applicant's experience/expertise, and role in the hiring decision. Conclusions: Physician training directors indicated a generally positive interest in working with psychology. Respondents offered diverse considerations related to hiring pediatric psychologists, including multiple considerations specific to the “cold email.” Funding barriers were highlighted as an obstacle. Implications for Impact Statement The study explores areas of pediatric psychology integration and room for (hiring) expansion in five pediatric specialty medical disciplines, with a specific focus on physician considerations in hiring. We offer recommendations for prospective psychologists seeking employment in pediatric specialty and subspecialty care.
Development of an Online Peer Support Program for Adolescents With Food Allergies
Authors: Engel Melissa L. , Warren Christopher M. , Gupta Ruchi S. 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Food allergies pose unique psychosocial difficulties for adolescents, yet interventions to date have tended to focus on young children and their caregivers. Peer support interventions have been effective in other pediatric populations, and accumulating literature supports the use of digital platforms. This project describes the development, feasibility, and acceptability of an online video-based peer support program for adolescents with food allergies. Methods: “Teen Talks” were developed in partnership with Food Allergy Research and Education to allow youth with FA to connect on an audio-video platform. Teen Talks occur monthly and are open to all youth with food allergies aged 11–22 years. A peer leadership committee was created to generate monthly themes and facilitate breakout discussions. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed via attendance and a program evaluation survey. Results: Attendance across 16 months of Teen Talks ranged from 40 to 91 participants each month, representing all major geographic regions of the United States and the full spectrum of eligible ages. Program evaluation data ( N = 68 teens, 72 parents) suggest acceptability: 92.65% of teens and 91.89% of parents would recommend this program to another teen with food allergies. Quantitative and qualitative responses indicate that participants have developed friendships, feel less alone, and look forward to Teen Talks each month. Conclusions: Teen Talks are created through an iterative process that brings adolescent voices to the forefront. They are freely available nationwide, reducing barriers to access and promoting inclusion. Consistent high attendance and favorable evaluations suggest that Teen Talks are feasible and well-accepted. Implications for Impact Statement Teen Talks is a video-based, interactive peer support program for youth with food allergies that is created through an iterative process and brings adolescent voices to the forefront. Teen Talks are freely available nationwide with no commitment required, reducing barriers to access and promoting inclusion. Consistent high attendance and favorable evaluations from both teens and parents demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of this program.
Intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease patients: prediction using clinical data
Authors: Lam Jonathan Y. , Song Min-Seob , Kim Gi-Beom , Shimizu Chisato , Bainto Emelia , Tremoulet Adriana H. , Nemati Shamim , Burns Jane C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
About 10–20% of Kawasaki disease (KD) patients are resistant to the initial infusion of intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG). The aim of this study was to assess whether IVIG resistance in KD patients could be predicted using standard clinical and laboratory features.

Methods
Data were from two cohorts: a Korean cohort of 7101 KD patients from 2015 to 2017 and a cohort of 649 KD patients from San Diego enrolled from 1998 to 2021. Features included laboratory values, the worst Z-score from the initial echocardiogram or during hospitalization, and the five clinical KD signs at presentation.

Results
Five machine learning models achieved a maximum median AUC of 0.711 [IQR: 0.706–0.72] in the Korean cohort and 0.696 [IQR: 0.609–0.722] in the San Diego cohort during stratified 10-fold cross-validation using significant laboratory features identified from univariate analysis. Adding the Z-score, KD clinical signs, or both did not considerably improve the median AUC in either cohort.

Conclusions
Using commonly measured clinical laboratory data alone or in conjunction with echocardiographic findings and clinical features is not sufficient to predict IVIG resistance. Further attempts to predict IVIG resistance will need to incorporate additional data such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and genetics to achieve meaningful predictive utility.

Impact

We demonstrated that laboratory, echocardiographic, and clinical findings cannot predict intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG) resistance to a clinically meaningful extent using machine learning in a homogenous Asian or ethnically diverse population of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).

Visualizing these features using uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) is an important step to evaluate predictive utility in a qualitative manner.

Further attempts to predict IVIG resistance in KD patients will need to incorporate novel biomarkers or other specialized features such as genetic differences or transcriptomics to be clinically useful.
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) potentiates anoikis-resistance of p53KO mammary epithelial cells by inducing a hybrid EMT phenotype
Authors: Fonseca Irina , Horta Cíntia , Ribeiro Ana Sofia , Sousa Barbara , Marteil Gaëlle , Bettencourt-Dias Mónica , Paredes Joana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), the major regulator of centriole biogenesis, has emerged as a putative therapeutic target in cancer due to its abnormal expression in human carcinomas, leading to centrosome number deregulation, mitotic defects and chromosomal instability. Moreover, Plk4 deregulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models and is significantly associated with poor patient prognosis. Here, we further investigate the role of Plk4 in carcinogenesis and show that its overexpression significantly potentiates resistance to cell death by anoikis of nontumorigenic p53 knock-out (p53KO) mammary epithelial cells. Importantly, this effect is independent of Plk4’s role in centrosome biogenesis, suggesting that this kinase has additional cellular functions. Interestingly, the Plk4-induced anoikis resistance is associated with the induction of a stable hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and is partially dependent on P-cadherin upregulation. Furthermore, we found that the conditioned media of Plk4-induced p53KO mammary epithelial cells also induces anoikis resistance of breast cancer cells in a paracrine way, being also partially dependent on soluble P-cadherin secretion. Our work shows, for the first time, that high expression levels of Plk4 induce anoikis resistance of both mammary epithelial cells with p53KO background, as well as of breast cancer cells exposed to their secretome, which is partially mediated through P-cadherin upregulation. These results reinforce the idea that Plk4, independently of its role in centrosome biogenesis, functions as an oncogene, by impacting the tumor microenvironment to promote malignancy.
Elephant TP53-RETROGENE 9 induces transcription-independent apoptosis at the mitochondria
Authors: Preston Aidan J. , Rogers Aaron , Sharp Miranda , Mitchell Gareth , Toruno Cristhian , Barney Brayden B. , Donovan Lauren N. , Bly Journey , Kennington Ryan , Payne Emily , Iovino Anthony , Furukawa Gabriela , Robinson Rosann , Shamloo Bahar , Buccilli Matthew , Anders Rachel , Eckstein Sarah , Fedak Elizabeth A. , Wright Tanner , Maley Carlo C. , Kiso Wendy K. , Schmitt Dennis , Malkin David , Schiffman Joshua D. , Abegglen Lisa M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractApproximately 20 TP53 retrogenes exist in the African and Asian elephant genomes (Loxodonta Africana, Elephas Maximus) in addition to a conserved TP53 gene that encodes a full-length protein. Elephant TP53-RETROGENE 9 (TP53-R9) encodes a p53 protein (p53-R9) that is truncated in the middle of the canonical DNA binding domain. This C-terminally truncated p53 retrogene protein lacks the nuclear localization signals and oligomerization domain of its full-length counterpart. When expressed in human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS), p53-R9 binds to Tid1, the chaperone protein responsible for mitochondrial translocation of human p53 in response to cellular stress. Tid1 expression is required for p53-R9-induced apoptosis. At the mitochondria, p53-R9 binds to the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member Bax, which leads to caspase activation, cytochrome c release, and cell death. Our data show, for the first time, that expression of this truncated elephant p53 retrogene protein induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which the additional elephant TP53 retrogenes function may provide evolutionary insight that can be utilized for the development of therapeutics to treat human cancers.
Structure of the planar cell polarity cadherins Fat4 and Dachsous1
Authors: Medina Elliot , Easa Yathreb , Lester Daniel K. , Lau Eric K. , Sprinzak David , Luca Vincent C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe atypical cadherins Fat and Dachsous are key regulators of cell growth and animal development. In contrast to classical cadherins, which form homophilic interactions to segregate cells, Fat and Dachsous cadherins form heterophilic interactions to induce cell polarity within tissues. Here, we determine the co-crystal structure of the human homologs Fat4 and Dachsous1 (Dchs1) to establish the molecular basis for Fat-Dachsous interactions. The binding domains of Fat4 and Dchs1 form an extended interface along extracellular cadherin (EC) domains 1-4 of each protein. Biophysical measurements indicate that Fat4-Dchs1 affinity is among the highest reported for cadherin superfamily members, which is attributed to an extensive network of salt bridges not present in structurally similar protocadherin homodimers. Furthermore, modeling suggests that unusual extracellular phosphorylation modifications directly modulate Fat-Dachsous binding by introducing charged contacts across the interface. Collectively, our analyses reveal how the molecular architecture of Fat4-Dchs1 enables them to form long-range, high-affinity interactions to maintain planar cell polarity.
TRIM21 inhibits irradiation-induced mitochondrial DNA release and impairs antitumour immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour models
Authors: Li Jun-Yan , Zhao Yin , Gong Sha , Wang Miao-Miao , Liu Xu , He Qing-Mei , Li Ying-Qin , Huang Sheng-Yan , Qiao Han , Tan Xi-Rong , Ye Ming-Liang , Zhu Xun-Hua , He Shi-Wei , Li Qian , Liang Ye-Lin , Chen Kai-Lin , Huang Sai-Wei , Li Qing-Jie , Ma Jun , Liu Na 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough radiotherapy can promote antitumour immunity, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, tumour cell-intrinsic tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) in tumours, is inversely associated with the response to radiation and CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumour immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Knockout of TRIM21 modulates the cGAS/STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, potentiates the antigen-presenting capacity of NPC cells, and activates cytotoxic T cell-mediated antitumour immunity in response to radiation. Mechanistically, TRIM21 promotes the degradation of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2) via K48-linked ubiquitination, which inhibits pore formation by VDAC2 oligomers for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, thereby inhibiting type-I interferon responses following radiation exposure. In patients with NPC, high TRIM21 expression was associated with poor prognosis and early tumour relapse after radiotherapy. Our findings reveal a critical role of TRIM21 in radiation-induced antitumour immunity, providing potential targets for improving the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with NPC.
Network of hotspot interactions cluster tau amyloid folds
Authors: Mullapudi Vishruth , Vaquer-Alicea Jaime , Bommareddy Vaibhav , Vega Anthony R. , Ryder Bryan D. , White Charles L. , Diamond Marc. I. , Joachimiak Lukasz A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCryogenic electron microscopy has revealed unprecedented molecular insight into the conformations of β-sheet-rich protein amyloids linked to neurodegenerative diseases. It remains unknown how a protein can adopt a diversity of folds and form multiple distinct fibrillar structures. Here we develop an in silico alanine scan method to estimate the relative energetic contribution of each amino acid in an amyloid assembly. We apply our method to twenty-seven ex vivo and in vitro fibril structural polymorphs of the microtubule-associated protein tau. We uncover networks of energetically important interactions involving amyloid-forming motifs that stabilize the different fibril folds. We evaluate our predictions in cellular and in vitro aggregation assays. Using a machine learning approach, we classify the structures based on residue energetics to identify distinguishing and unifying features. Our energetic profiling suggests that minimal sequence elements control the stability of tau fibrils, allowing future design of protein sequences that fold into unique structures.