bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pd/HAP Catalyzed Synthesis of Adipic Acid from 1,6‐Hexanediol under Aerial Base‐free Conditions
Authors: Priya Bhanu , Kumar Ankit , Garg Parveen , Deshpande Uday , Singh Sanjay Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdipic acid (AA), an important precursor to produce nylon‐6, nylon‐6,6, and polyurethanes, can be synthesized from biomass‐derived 1,6‐hexanediol (HDO). Herein, we examined the selective oxidation of 1,6‐hexanediol to adipic acid over Pd/support (support‐ Rice husk ash (RHA), TiO2, C, ZnO, Al2O3, La2O3, Mg(OH)2, and hydroxyapatite (HAP)) catalyst in water at 70 °C under base‐free conditions. Pd/HAP exhibited high catalytic activity among the catalysts explored, affording adipic acid (AA) selectively in 89 % yield with complete conversion of HDO. Investigating these Pd/support catalysts and several control experiments inferred that the basicity of the HAP support concertedly with Pd nanoparticle participated in achieving efficient aerial oxidation of HDO to AA, and hence avoided the need for any additional base additives. Advantageously, Pd/HAP exhibited high activity for gram‐scale reactions and long‐term stability during reusing the catalyst for several cycles without any considerable loss in the catalytic activity.
Anion‐Dependent Hydrogen‐Bond Polarity Switching in Ethylene‐bridged Urea Oligomers
Authors: Tilly David P. , Morris David T. J. , Clayden Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe reversible coordination of anions to an N,N’‐disubstituted 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylurea located at a terminus of a linear chain of ethylene‐bridged hydrogen‐bonded ureas triggers a cascade of conformational changes. A series of hydrogen‐bond polarity reversals propagates along the oligomer, leading to a global switch of its hydrogen‐bond directionality. The induced polarity switch, transmitted through four reversible urea groups, results in a change in emission and excitation wavelengths of a fluorophore located at the opposite terminus of the oligomer. The molecule thus behaves as a chemical sensor with a relayed remote spectroscopic response to variations in anion concentration. The polarity switch induced by anion concentration constitutes an artificial communication mechanism for conveying information through oligomeric structures.
A low phase noise quadrature VCO using super‐harmonic coupling technique in 65‐nm CMOS technology
Authors: Ghasemi Razieh , Karami Mohammad Azim 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis paper presents a new low phase noise (PN) quadrature voltage controller oscillator (QVCO), which includes four class C LC‐VCOs oscillated at 13 GHz operating frequency with 45‐degree phase differences from each other. By combining the second harmonics (super‐harmonic) of the LC‐VCOs, the quadrature outputs with low PN at 26 GHz are generated. To assess the performance of the proposed QVCO, post‐layout simulations are performed in 65‐nm CMOS technology with a 0.6 V supply voltage. The post‐layout results represent that the proposed circuit has 26 GHz quadrature outputs with the PN of −116.4 at 1 MHz offset frequency. Also, the proposed QVCO occupies an area of 0.366 mm2and consumes 10.4 mW of power. Therefore, the proposed QVCO is a good candidate for 5G applications.
Oncologic and functional outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in human papillomavirus‐positive tonsillar cancer
Authors: Bang Jooin , Shin Hyun‐Il , Kim Geun‐Jeon , Kim Sang‐Yeon , Sun Dong‐Il 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFunctional outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive tonsillar cancer remained unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of HPV‐positive patients with tonsillar cancer. Of 112 patients, 38 were assigned to a neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and 74 were assigned to an upfront surgery group.ResultsPathological analyses showed that the risks of close or positive resection margins and lymphovascular invasion were lower in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 5‐year disease‐free survival was significantly higher in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group than in the upfront surgery group, but the 5‐year overall survival was not. The time to commencement of oral feeding and the mean hospital stay were significantly shorter in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was more likely than the upfront surgery group to resume a regular diet.ConclusionsCompared with upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved the functional outcomes and 5‐year disease‐free survival.
Chlorinated‐based bioceramics incorporated in polycaprolactone membranes
Authors: Guimarães Carolina Curcio Lott , de Souza Joyce Rodrigues , Campos Tiago Moreira Bastos , Marques Thays Oliveira , Kito Letícia Terumi , Kukulka Elisa Camargo , de Vasconcellos Luana Marotta Reis , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Thim Gilmar Patrocínio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of bioactive membranes with bone repair properties is great interest in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, we aimed to fabricate and characterize a composite membrane composed of sol–gel synthesized bioceramics and electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers for bone tissue regeneration applications. The bioceramics were prepared using the sol–gel method with nitrate (N) and chloride (CL) as precursors. PCL and bioceramic solutions were electrospun to obtain ultrafine fiber mats. Raman spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the materials. The results showed that both chlorinated and non‐chlorinated bioceramics contained NBOs (non‐bridge bonds) and crystallized the α‐wollastonite phase, with the chlorinated version doing so at lower temperatures. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and mineralized matrix formation on the membranes. The composite membranes showed improved cell viability and promoted mineralization nodules formation. This study presents a promising approach for the development of bioactive membranes for bone tissue engineering, with potential applications in bone regeneration therapies.
Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis for enriching the antioxidant content of agro‐food industrial residues
Authors: Padron‐Regalado Eriko , Mejía‐Olvera Eida Elena , Marruffo‐Carmona Allan Mauricio , Solís‐Suárez José Carlos , Peralta‐Agapito Darío , Medina‐Rivero Emilio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnzymatic hydrolysis of agro‐food industrial residues (AFIRs) has the potential of generating great economic value in the food and the cosmetics industry. Here, we develop an efficient solid enzymatic hydrolysis (SEH) employing the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus to enzymatically digest wheat bran. We assess the antioxidant activity of the SEH product by implementing a highly affordable antioxidant activity test (AAT). Finally, we obtain a tablet formulation containing the SEH product.ResultsResults show that the selected parameters for the SEH are highly competitive among other described SEHs that use fungi to digest wheat residues. The AAT showed a dose–response antioxidant behavior employing a known antioxidant (vitamin C). The AAT also showed that the SEH product has higher antioxidant activity than the undigested substrate. Finally, the hardness assessment of the SEH tablets suggested changes in stability.ConclusionIn conclusion, an efficient SEH was implemented and its effect on the antioxidant activity was demonstrated. The SEH could be performed at a competitive incubation time, temperature, and moisture content. Nevertheless, a deeper study is warranted to fully describe this SEH. We hope that these findings contribute to the development of cost‐efficient SEHs in the food and cosmetics industry.
Kinetic regularities of resolution of amines racemates in the acylation reaction with chiral N‐protected amino acids esters
Authors: Bakhtin Stanislav , Sinelnikova Marina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, the kinetic and stereochemical regularities of the kinetic resolution of the 1‐phenylethylamine racemate in the acylation reaction under the action of optically active 4‐nitrophenyl ester of N‐protected phenylalanine in 2‐propanol and 1,4‐dioxane were studied. Kinetic measurements were carried out using UV spectroscopy. The studies of the reaction series made it possible to establish the reaction orders with respect to the reagents, as well as the kinetic regularities of the enantioselective acylation. It is shown that different kinetic schemes of the reaction take place in protic and aprotic solvents. Based on the experimental data on the reaction kinetics of both the individual enantiomers and the amine racemate, the enantioselectivity values of the acylation are calculated. It has been found that the nature of the solvent and the reagents ratio strongly affect the selectivity of kinetic resolution. Practical recommendations on the conditions of preparative kinetic resolution of amines by amino acid derivatives using the acylation reaction are proposed.
Crystallization Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymers Characterized by an In Situ Fluorescence Technique and its Sensing Mechanism
Authors: Nile Richard , Feng Shuai , Cabello Maya , Wang Dongyao , Yang Sui , Jin Kailong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, fluorescence spectroscopy is used to study the bulk nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) by monitoring in situ, the temperature (T)‐ and time (t)‐dependent fluorescence intensity of the fluorophores incorporated into the PLLA matrix, respectively. The crystallization behavior characterized by fluorescence resembles those measured by conventional differential scanning calorimetry, confirming the validity of this fluorescence technique for sensing crystallization. Combined in situ fluorescence results and ex situ X‐ray diffraction characterizations demonstrate that this fluorescence technique shows great sensitivity not only to the degree of crystallinity but also to the crystalline microstructures formed during crystallization (e.g., α vs α' form PLLA crystals). Moreover, complementary fluorescence microscopy helps reveal the fluorescence's intrinsic crystallization sensing mechanism: As crystals form during crystallization, the bulky fluorescent probes excluded from the crystalline regions reside in the rigid/mobile amorphous (i.e., non‐crystalline) regions of the resulting semicrystalline matrix, and their intramolecular motions are restricted by the neighboring crystalline domains; and thus, their fluorescence intensity is greatly enhanced upon crystallization. Owing to its high sensitivity, fluorescence is powerful for studying the crystallization behavior of ultrathin polymer films (e.g., 75 nm) and elucidating confinement and interfacial effects through future studies.
Optimal activation of halting multi‐armed bandit models
Authors: Cowan Wesley , Katehakis Michael N. , Ross Sheldon M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study new types of dynamic allocation problems theHalting Banditmodels. As an application, we obtain new proofs for the classic Gittins index decomposition result compare Gittins (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 1979, 41, 148–177), and recent results of the authors in Cowan and Katehakis (Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences, 2015, 29, 51–76).
The Media in Eastern Europe
Authors: Boshnakova Dessislava , Dankova Desislava 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMedia systems are always in the process of change. Countries in Eastern Europe have similarities, but at the same time present major differences. Analysis indicates that press freedom, foreign ownership, political parallelism, and the strength of public service broadcasting have a strong correlation. Analysis indicates that press freedom, foreign ownership, political parallelism, and the strength of public service broadcasting have a strong correlation, even though significant differences exist among countries. Thus, it is difficult to argue for a unique type of Eastern European media system.Overall, the historical background of political parallelism and advocacy journalism in Eastern Europe is rooted in the legacy of the communist era, where the media was used as a tool of the state to control the flow of information and promote the government’s agenda. Despite the fall of communism and the transition to democracy in many countries in the region, these practices have persisted in some cases.Media systems in Central and Eastern Europe cannot be classified as a single model but can instead be divided into three different types. Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria have high levels of political parallelism and low levels of press freedom. Central media systems (Czech Republic, Croatia, Poland, and Slovenia) have strong public service broadcasting and low levels of foreign ownership. Northern systems (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovakia) have the highest levels of press freedom, the highest levels of foreign ownership, and the lowest levels of political parallelism.
Integrable crosscap states: from spin chains to 1D Bose gas
Authors: He Miao , Jiang Yunfeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The notion of a crosscap state, a special conformal boundary state first defined in 2d CFT, was recently generalized to 2d massive integrable quantum field theories and integrable spin chains. It has been shown that the crosscap states preserve integrability. In this work, we first generalize this notion to the Lieb-Liniger model, which is a prototype of integrable non-relativistic many-body systems. We then show that the defined crosscap state preserves integrability. We derive the exact overlap formula of the crosscap state and the on-shell Bethe states. As a byproduct, we prove the conjectured overlap formula for integrable spin chains rigorously by coordinate Bethe ansatz. It turns out that the overlap formula for both models take the same form as a ratio of Gaudin-like determinants with a trivial prefactor. Finally we study quench dynamics of the crosscap state, which turns out to be surprisingly simple. The stationary density distribution is simply a constant. We also derive the analytic formula for dynamical correlation functions in the Tonks-Girardeau limit.
Twistorial monopoles & chiral algebras
Authors: Garner Niklas , Paquette Natalie M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We initiate the study of how the insertion of magnetically charged states in 4d self-dual gauge theories impacts the 2d chiral algebras supported on the celestial sphere at asymptotic null infinity, from the point of view of the 4d/2d twistorial correspondence introduced by Costello and the second author. By reducing the 6d twistorial theory to a 3d holomorphic-topological theory with suitable boundary conditions, we can motivate certain non-perturbative enhancements of the celestial chiral algebra corresponding to extensions by modules arising from 3d boundary monopole operators. We also identify the insertion of 4d (non-abelian) monopoles with families of spectral flow automorphisms of the celestial chiral algebra.
The attractor flow for AdS5 black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 gauged supergravity
Authors: David Marina , Ezroura Nizar , Larsen Finn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the flow equations for BPS black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 five-dimensional gauged supergravity coupled to any number of vector multiplets via FI couplings. We develop the Noether-Wald procedure in this context and exhibit the conserved charges as explicit integrals of motion, in the sense that they can be computed at any radius on the rotating spacetime. The boundary conditions needed to solve the first order differential equations are discussed in great detail. We extremize the entropy function that controls the near horizon geometry and give explicit formulae for all geometric variables at their supersymmetric extrema. We have also considered a complexification of the near-horizon variables that elucidates some features of the theory from the near-horizon perspective.
Frailty Assessment Can Enhance Current Risk Prediction Tools in Emergency Laparotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Isand Karl G. , Hussain Shoaib , Sadiqi Maseh , Kirsimägi Ülle , Bond‐Smith Giles , Kolk Helgi , Saar Sten , Lepner Urmas , Talving Peep 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe set out to assess the performance of the P‐POSSUM and NELA risk prediction tool (NELA RPT), and hypothesized that combining them with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) would significantly improve their performance.Summary background dataEmergency laparotomy (EL) is a high‐risk surgical intervention, particularly for elderly patients with marked comorbidities and frailty. Accurate risk prediction is crucial for appropriate resource allocation, clinical decision making, and informed consent. Although patient frailty is a significant risk factor, the current risk prediction tools fail to take frailty into account.MethodsIn this retrospective single‐center cohort study, we analyzed all cases entered into the NELA database from the Oxford University Hospitals between 01.01.2018 and 15.06.2021. We analyzed the performance of the P‐POSSUM and NELA RPT. Both tools were modified by adding the CFS to the model.ResultsThe discrimination of both the P‐POSSUM and NELA RPT was good, with a slightly worse performance in the elderly. Adding CFS into the P‐POSSUM and NELA RPT models improved both tools in the elderly [AUC from 0.775 to 0.846 (p < 0.05) from 0.814 to 0.864 (p < 0.05), respectively]. The improvement of the NELA RPT across all age groups did not reach statistical significance. The CFS grade was associated with 30‐day mortality in patients aged > 65 years. However, in younger patients, this effect was less marked than in the elderly.ConclusionOur analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in the P‐POSSUM and NELA risk models when combined with the CFS. Frailty also increases the 30‐day mortality after EL in younger individuals.
Quantitative attribution of the temperature associated with winter extreme cold events in China
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Zhang Tuantuan , Chen Junwen , Li Qingquan , Yang Song , Deng Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtreme cold events exert enormous impacts on the ecosystems and human health. A quantitative attribution analysis of the surface temperature anomalies associated with extreme cold events in China is conducted using an updated version of the coupled atmosphere-surface climate feedback response analysis method. For both extreme warm and cold years, the effects of anomalous surface albedo, water vapor, atmospheric dynamics, and aerosols are the major positive contributors, and the processes associated with surface dynamics provide a major negative effect. Specifically, the effect of surface albedo (water vapor) is directly linked to the change in local snow cover (precipitable water) over China. More local snow cover (precipitable water) provides a cooling (warming) effect and vice versa. The process associated with atmospheric dynamics exhibits an asymmetric contribution for the extreme warm and cold years. It provides a warming effect over most of China in the extreme warm years, which is possibly related to the nation-wide warm air advection. On the other hand, the effect of atmospheric dynamics displays large regional and year-to-year variations for the cold cases. In addition, a considerable impact of anthropogenic aerosols is detected over central-southern China, which is possibly related to the emission reduction policies in China since 2013. Although clouds show only a moderate impact on the national-averaged temperature anomalies, they provide a considerable effect over southern China.
Micronutrient deficiencies and new-onset atrial fibrillation in a community-based cohort: data from PREVEND
Authors: Al-Mubarak Ali A. , Grote Beverborg Niels , Zwartkruis Victor , van Deutekom Colinda , de Borst Martin H. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Touw Daan J. , de Boer Rudolf A. , van der Meer Peter , Rienstra Michiel , Bomer Nils 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
Malnutrition has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. Both selenium and iron deficiency have been associated with worse prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Yet, little is known about the role of micronutrients in the development of atrial fibrillation (AFib). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the association of micronutrient deficiencies with new-onset AFib.

Methods
Selenium, magnesium, and iron parameters were measured in a well-characterized prospective cohort study (N = 5452). Selenium deficiency was defined as serum selenium < 70 μg/L, iron deficiency as serum ferritin < 30 μg/L, and magnesium deficiency as plasma magnesium < 0.85 mmol/L. New-onset AFib was the primary outcome. Additionally, we tested for previously reported effect-modifiers where applicable.

Results
Selenium, iron, and magnesium deficiency was observed in 1155 (21.2%), 797 (14.6%), and 3600 (66.0%) participants, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, 136 (2.5%) participants developed new-onset AFib. Smoking status significantly interacted with selenium deficiency on outcome (p = 0.079). After multivariable adjustment for components of the CHARGE-AF model, selenium deficiency was associated with new-onset AFib in non-smokers (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09–2.64, p = 0.020), but not in smokers (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.29–2.08, p = 0.619). Magnesium deficiency (HR 1.40, 95% CI 0.93–2.10, p = 0.110) and iron deficiency (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.25–1.54, p = 0.307) were not significantly associated with new-onset AFib.

Conclusion
Selenium deficiency was associated with new-onset AFib in non-smoking participants. Interventional studies that investigate the effects of optimizing micronutrients status in a population at risk are needed to assess causality, especially in those with selenium deficiency.

Graphical abstract
Micronutrients deficiencies (selenium, iron, and magnesium) have been associated with cardiovascular diseases and mitochondrial dysfunction in human cardiomyocytes. However, it is not known whether these deficiencies are associated with atrial fibrillation. To investigate this question, we measured all three micronutrients in 5452 apparently healthy individuals. After a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, there were 136 participants who developed atrial fibrillation. Participants with selenium deficiency had a significant increased risk to develop atrial fibrillation, as did the participants with two or more deficiencies.
Installed Jet Noise Analysis Using a Coupled LES/APE High-Order Method
Authors: Moratilla-Vega Miguel A. , Xia Hao , Page Gary J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs the bypass-ratio of aeroengines continues to grow, the extra noise generated by the interaction of the jet with the wings becomes more relevant. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of noise generation and predicting the far-field noise of this type of configurations is therefore important for the development of the next-generation ultra-high-bypass-ratio engines. In this paper, a two-step LES/APE coupled framework has been applied to investigate these effects on a simplified configuration. The flow and acoustic results are compared to experimental data measurements available in the literature, achieving a good agreement. The installation effects and sound sources are also studied by analyzing the near-field of the LES/APE simulations.