bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A viral ADP-ribosyltransferase attaches RNA chains to host proteins
Authors: Wolfram-Schauerte Maik , Pozhydaieva Nadiia , Grawenhoff Julia , Welp Luisa M. , Silbern Ivan , Wulf Alexander , Billau Franziska A. , Glatter Timo , Urlaub Henning , Jäschke Andres , Höfer Katharina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms by which viruses hijack the genetic machinery of the cells they infect are of current interest. When bacteriophage T4 infects Escherichia coli, it uses three different adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) to reprogram the transcriptional and translational apparatus of the host by ADP-ribosylation using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a substrate1,2. NAD has previously been identified as a 5′ modification of cellular RNAs3–5. Here we report that the T4 ART ModB accepts not only NAD but also NAD-capped RNA (NAD–RNA) as a substrate and attaches entire RNA chains to acceptor proteins in an ‘RNAylation’ reaction. ModB specifically RNAylates the ribosomal proteins rS1 and rL2 at defined Arg residues, and selected E. coli and T4 phage RNAs are linked to rS1 in vivo. T4 phages that express an inactive mutant of ModB have a decreased burst size and slowed lysis of E. coli. Our findings reveal a distinct biological role for NAD–RNA, namely the activation of the RNA for enzymatic transfer to proteins. The attachment of specific RNAs to ribosomal proteins might provide a strategy for the phage to modulate the host’s translation machinery. This work reveals a direct connection between RNA modification and post-translational protein modification. ARTs have important roles far beyond viral infections6, so RNAylation may have far-reaching implications.
Xiphoid nucleus of the midline thalamus controls cold-induced food seeking
Authors: Lal Neeraj K. , Le Phuong , Aggarwal Samarth , Zhang Alan , Wang Kristina , Qi Tianbo , Pang Zhengyuan , Yang Dong , Nudell Victoria , Yeo Gene W. , Banks Alexander S. , Ye Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMaintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals1. Mammals eat more in the cold to compensate for energy expenditure2, but the neural mechanism underlying this coupling is not well understood. Through behavioural and metabolic analyses, we found that mice dynamically switch between energy-conservation and food-seeking states in the cold, the latter of which are primarily driven by energy expenditure rather than the sensation of cold. To identify the neural mechanisms underlying cold-induced food seeking, we used whole-brain c-Fos mapping and found that the xiphoid (Xi), a small nucleus in the midline thalamus, was selectively activated by prolonged cold associated with elevated energy expenditure but not with acute cold exposure. In vivo calcium imaging showed that Xi activity correlates with food-seeking episodes under cold conditions. Using activity-dependent viral strategies, we found that optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of cold-activated Xi neurons selectively recapitulated food seeking under cold conditions whereas their inhibition suppressed it. Mechanistically, Xi encodes a context-dependent valence switch that promotes food-seeking behaviours under cold but not warm conditions. Furthermore, these behaviours are mediated by a Xi-to-nucleus accumbens projection. Our results establish Xi as a key region in the control of cold-induced feeding, which is an important mechanism in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in endothermic animals.
Persistent equatorial Pacific iron limitation under ENSO forcing
Authors: Browning Thomas J. , Saito Mak A. , Garaba Shungudzemwoyo P. , Wang Xuechao , Achterberg Eric P. , Moore C. Mark , Engel Anja , Mcllvin Matthew R. , Moran Dawn , Voss Daniela , Zielinski Oliver , Tagliabue Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProjected responses of ocean net primary productivity to climate change are highly uncertain1. Models suggest that the climate sensitivity of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the low-latitude Pacific Ocean plays a crucial role1–3, but this is poorly constrained by observations4. Here we show that changes in physical forcing drove coherent fluctuations in the strength of equatorial Pacific iron limitation through multiple El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles, but that this was overestimated twofold by a state-of-the-art climate model. Our assessment was enabled by first using a combination of field nutrient-addition experiments, proteomics and above-water hyperspectral radiometry to show that phytoplankton physiological responses to iron limitation led to approximately threefold changes in chlorophyll-normalized phytoplankton fluorescence. We then exploited the >18-year satellite fluorescence record to quantify climate-induced nutrient limitation variability. Such synoptic constraints provide a powerful approach for benchmarking the realism of model projections of net primary productivity to climate changes.
Active surveillance for adverse events of influenza vaccine safety in elderly cancer patients using self-controlled tree-temporal scan statistic analysis
Authors: Jeong Na-Young , Kim Chung-Jong , Park Sang Min , Kim Ye-Jee , Lee Joongyub , Choi Nam-Kyong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBoth cancer patients and the elderly are at high risk of developing flu complications, so influenza vaccination is recommended. We aimed to evaluate potential adverse events (AEs) following influenza vaccination in elderly cancer patients using the self-controlled tree-temporal scan statistic method. From a large linked database of Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency vaccination data and the National Health Insurance Service claims data, we identified cancer patients aged over 65 who received flu vaccines during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. We included all the outcomes occurring on 1–84 days post-vaccination and evaluated all temporal risk windows, which started 1–28 days and ended 2–42 days. Patients who were diagnosed with the same disease during a year prior to vaccination were excluded. We used the hierarchy of ICD-10 to identify statistically significant clustering. This study included 431,276 doses of flu vaccine. We detected signals for 1 set: other dorsopathies on 1–15 days (attributable risk 16.5 per 100,000, P = 0.017). Dorsopathy is a known AE of influenza vaccine. No statistically significant clusters were found when analyzed by flu season. Therefore, influenza vaccination is more recommended for elderly patients with cancer and weakened immune systems.
Bioinspired bi-phasic 3D nanoflowers of MgO/Mg(OH)2 coated melamine sponge as a novel bactericidal agent
Authors: Agarwal Ashutosh , Senevirathna Hasanthi L. , Koo Seok Hwee , Wong Crystal Shie Lyeen , Lim Terence Sey Kiat , Ng Foo Cheong , Anariba Franklin , Wu Ping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy roughly mimicking the surface architectural design of dragonfly wings, novel bi-phasic 3D nanoflowers of MgO/Mg(OH)2 were successfully synthesized via the electrospinning technique. The 3D nanoflowers were coated over a commercial melamine sponge and extensively characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and EDS. The formation of distinct dense 3D nano petals was revealed by SEM images whereby the mean petal thickness and mean distance between the adjacent petals were found to be 36 nm and 121 nm, respectively. The bactericidal activities of synthesized 3D nano-flowers coated melamine sponges were assessed against five different bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). This study demonstrated significant bactericidal activity of MgO/Mg(OH)2 3D nanoflowers coated MS against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Plausible bactericidal mechanisms include envelope deformation, penetration, and induction of oxidative stress. This study introduces novel bioinspired biomaterial with the capacity to reduce the risk associated with pathogenic bacterial infections, especially in medical devices.
Refractive outcomes after immediate primary phacoemulsification for acute primary angle closure
Authors: Suzuki Takafumi , Ueta Yoshiki , Tachi Naoko , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Fukutome Takao , Sasajima Hirofumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the refractive outcomes of 64 eyes overall including 32 immediate primary phacoemulsification in acute primary angle closure (APAC) eyes and 32 of their fellow eyes. We investigated best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), average keratometric diopter (K), spherical equivalent, axial length (AL), central corneal thickness, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) at preoperative examination (Pre) and more than 1-month post-phacoemulsification (1 m), and changes in values. Using SRK/T, Barrett Universal II (Barrett), Hill-Radial Basis Function Version 3.0 (RBF 3.0), and Kane formulas, we calculated and compared refractive prediction error (PE), absolute value of PE (AE), and changes in K, AL, and ACD from Pre to 1 m between APAC and fellow eyes. From Pre to 1 m, K remained similar in APAC and fellow eyes (p = 0.069 and p = 0.082); AL significantly decreased in APAC and in fellow eyes (both p < 0.001); and ACD significantly increased in APAC and in fellow eyes (both p < 0.001). The change in AL differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.007). Compared to the fellow eyes, PE with SRK/T and Barret formulas (p = 0.0496 and p = 0.039) and AE with Barrett and RBF 3.0 formula (p = 0.001 and p = 0.024) were significantly larger in the APAC eyes. Thus, attention should be paid to refractive prediction error in immediate primary phacoemulsification for APAC eyes caused by preoperative AL elongation due to high IOP.
Medium to long-term outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using the superficial quadriceps versus a hamstring autograft in patellar instability patients
Authors: Sanguanjit Prakasit , Rujiraphum Possawat , Apivatgaroon Adinun , Chernchujit Bancha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMedial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a standard procedure in patellar dislocation patients. Superficial quadriceps autografts (QA) and hamstring autografts (HA) are popular graft choices in MPFL reconstruction with the lack of directly compared clinical studies between both methods. A total of 43 patellar instability patients, who underwent QA and HA for patellar stabilization at a specified center between 2012 and 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. 21 QA and 22 HA patients were 52.4% of males and 47.6% females with a median age of 25 years (range 12–58) in the QA group, while 63.6% were females with a median age of 21 years (range 14–58) in the HA group. The mean follow-up period was 46.9 months (range 24–77) in QA and 61 months (range 24–100) in the HA group. At the final follow-up, no complications were observed with either technique. No patients presented with recurrent dislocations after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative mean Kujala scores (QA = 94.9+/− 4.1 and HA = 94.2+/− 8.0, p = 0.73) or the mean Lysholm scores (QA = 94.1+/− 5.0 and HA = 93.2+/− 7.0, p = 0.61).
Torque ripple reduction of switched reluctance motor using direct instantaneous torque control and adaptive turn‐on technique for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Al Quraan Laith , Szamel Laszlo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDirect Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC) with an adaptive turn‐on angle technique is presented in this paper to improve the torque ripple of the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) for Electric Vehicle applications. Torque ripple suppression is achieved by employing two operating modes during the commutation interval. First, both the outgoing and incoming phase states are modified to track the required torque during the incoming phase's minimum inductance area. As soon as the incoming phase leaves its minimum inductance zone, the outgoing phase is demagnetised, and only the incoming phase state is modified for torque tracking. In addition, a closed‐loop regulator is used to dynamically control the turn‐on angle that drives the incoming current to reach its first peak at the instant of switching between the two operation modes when the rotor and stator poles initiate overlap, thus increasing the motor's efficiency. Simulation results showed that the proposed control method has superior advantages over the traditional DITC and Average Torque Controller. Furthermore, the simulation results were verified experimentally using a four‐phase 4kW, 8/6 SRM prototype.
Modular quantum circuits for secure communication
Authors: Ceschini Andrea , Rosato Antonello , Panella Massimo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuasi‐chaotic generators are used for producing a pseudorandom behaviour that can be used for encryption/decryption and secure communications, introducing an implementation of them based on quantum technology. Namely, the authors propose a quasi‐chaotic generator based on quantum modular addition and quantum modular multiplication and they prove that quantum computing allows the parallel processing of data, paving the way for a fast and robust multi‐channel encryption/decryption scheme. The resulting structure is validated by means of several experiments, which assessed the performance with respect to the original VLSI solution and ascertained the desired noise‐like behaviour.
A fax-Back Oxygenator-Perfusionist Clinical Performance Data Collection and Statistical Analysis Method
Authors: Riley Jeffrey B. , Berryessa Richard G. , Justison George A. , Nolan Kenneth M. , Hoerr Harry R. 
Published: August 2023

A method to collect clinical oxygenator performance data daily is described. At the end of a bypass procedure, the perfusionist fills in a fax-back form designed to automatically input patient-oxygenator performance data into a computer spreadsheet.
Multiple blood gases, FiO2, gas and blood flow data, venous oxygenator blood inlet conditions (hemoglobin, 0 2 saturation, hematocrit and temperature), time on bypass and device manufacturer information are collected at the end of each cardiopulmonary bypass procedure at multiple institutions. A large sample database is created that allows multi-parametric analyses in regard to clinical practice, device performance, manufacturing consistency and patient requirements.
The database and analyses facilitate institutional, manufacturer, and clinician benchmarking. Monthly reports to the clinicians give valuable feedback to improve oxygenator use and patient blood gas control. Reports to the device manufacturer provide information used to evaluate the clinical consequences of small changes in the manufacturing process.
An Improved Bladder for Pump Control During ECMO Procedures
Authors: Tamari Yehuda , Lee-Sensiba Kerri , King Shane , Hall Michael H. 
Published: August 2023

A new inline reservoir called the Better-Bladder™, now FDA-cleared for long term use, overcomes some disadvantages of the silicone bladder and bladder box used in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits. The Better-Bladder™ provides compliance in the venous line and allows for noninvasive pressure measurements. Both features are useful for controlling pump speed as a function of venous line pressure.
Bench tests showed that the Better-Bladder™ measures pressure noninvasively within ±4% of invasive (i.e., liquid contacting) pressure measurements in a range from −200 to +500 mmHg and at temperatures from 10°C to 37°C. After 60 days, the error in noninvasive pressure measurement with the Better-Bladder™ was less than ±3%. The Better-Bladder™ withstood pressurization to 1700 mmHg for ten days without leaking or failing in other ways. The advantages of the Better Bladder™, along with its accuracy and durability, suggest its use for short and long term pumping applications.
Quantitative Evaluation of Heparin-Coated versus Non–Heparin-Coated Bypass Circuits During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Christensen Kevin A. , Lynch James , Zavadil Douglas P. , Deptula Joseph J. , Sydzyik R. Troy 
Published: August 2023

The extracorporealization of blood activates various elements of the fibrinolytic, coagulation, and complement systems. It is theorized that advancements in biocompatibility ameliorate many of the changes leading to improved patient management. The purpose of this study was to determine if heparin-coated circuit (HCC) utilization during cardiopulmonary bypass enhances patient outcomes in a cost-effective manner.
A search of the English medical literature was completed to identify all clinical, prospective, randomized trials comparing HCC and non-HCC in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valvular surgery. Twenty-six papers consisting of a sample size of 1515 patients were identified and included in the study parameters. The study distinguished between Duraflo II and Carmeda coating techniques and matched papers with different heparin loading doses, as well as use of a heparin-coated cardiotomy. Study parameters were matched for all papers and analyzed according to the availability of data.
Statistically significant benefits of HCC were found in postoperative blood loss, time in the ICU, end bypass C3a, time to extubation, end bypass lactoferrin, and end platelet count, but not with respect to postoperative chest tube drainage, red blood cell transfusions, and end bypass TAT complex, D-dimers, and BTG. Data comparing the use of coated or uncoated cardiotomy utilization failed to demonstrate a benefit to heparin coating. Several immunological variables were ameliorated when Carmeda HCC was utilized, although data were insufficient to establish a cost–benefit analysis. In conclusion, heparin-coated circuitry provided statistically better results when compared to noncoated circuitry.
CDI Blood Parameter Monitoring System 500—A New Tool for the Clinical Perfusionist
Authors: Fried David W. , Leo Joseph J. , Mattioni Gabriel J. , Mohamed Hasratt , Rector Raymond P. , Weber Frederick , Zombolas Theodore L. 
Published: August 2023

Sarns/3M Health Care has recently introduced the CDI 500 Blood Parameter Monitoring System. In addition to parameters previously available, this system now offers continuous monitoring of the patient’s oxygen consumption (VO2/min) and potassium concentration ([K+]). The purpose of this study was: (1) to compare the [K+] from the CDI 500 with the [K+] derived from our hospital’s laboratory; and (2) to compare the VO2/min from the CDI 500 with the results obtained utilizing the “gold-standard” Fick equation.
The mean absolute difference in [K+] was 0.10 mEq/L with a mean percentage error of only 3.93%. The mean absolute difference in VO2/min was 18.78 ml O2/min, with a mean percentage error of 11.63%.
We concluded that the [K+] correlated well and that 9.13% of the oxygen consumption percentage error was attributable to the exclusion of dissolved oxygen in the calculation used by the CDI 500, with the remaining 2.5% attributable to differences in technology.
We recommended that future upgrades to the CDI 500 should include dissolved O2 when measuring oxygen consumption and consideration should be given to increasing the operating range for [K+].
Evaluation of a “Heads-up” Display for Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Austin Jon W. 
Published: August 2023

Multiple variables must be analyzed during cardiopulmonary bypass in order to judge the adequacy of perfusion. Variables when viewed singly can be confusing and lead to inaccurate representation of the physiological status of the patient. Communication between the perfusionist and members of the surgical team requires accuracy and complete presentation of pertinent data. Toward this goal of improving the assimilation and processing of information during cardiopulmonary bypass, a multivariable computer-aided “Heads-up Display” (HUD) was developed.
Modern jet pilots use heads-up display for rapid assimilation of information when making judgments about the performance of their aircraft and weapons systems. Heads-up display is an electronically generated display that is superimposed upon a pilot’s forward field of view. An analogy between a jet pilot and a perfusionist can be made.
A geometric form, a hexagon, is used as part of the heads-up display for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-HUD). The polygon represents a performance evaluation graph. Each of the six “spokes of a wheel” represents a physiological parameter. The represented variables are: cardiac index, peripheral vascular resistance, hematocrit, dynamic operating blood level, venous saturation, and mean arterial pressure. The perfusionist inputs target values. Target values are then compared to actual values and expressed as a percentage. If all targeted values are achieved, the graphical representation is a hexagon.
The surgical team rapidly recognizes abnormal patterns that are outside individual target values. They include, but are not limited to, patterns of: vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, hypovolemia, decreased oxygen carrying capacity, and several others.
The CPB-HUD has proved to be of value for planning, real time evaluation, retrospective analysis of cardiopulmonary bypass benchmark data, and as an aid in the teaching of new personnel concerned with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Outflow Obstruction of Soft-Shell Venous Reservoir Bags: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Palanzo David A. , Montesano Ralph M. , Castagna Joseph M. 
Published: August 2023

Potential problems have occurred during cardiopulmonary bypass where the area directly above the outlet port of the soft-shell venous reservoir containing a screen has collapsed similar to when the bag is empty, although there are still several hundred milliliters in the bag. A preliminary investigation was conducted to rule out the possibility of this outflow obstruction being attributable to poor flow design through the reservoirs. The test circuit consisted of a cardiotomy reservoir, a centrifugal pump, 3/8 and 1/2 in PVC tubing, and one of the test venous reservoirs (BARD S-2116, Medtronic 1385 and MVR-1600, Sarns 4858). The circuit was primed with outdated packed red blood cells, platelets, human albumin, normal saline, and 10,000 units of sodium heparin in concentrations to simulate routine bypass. Each reservoir was tested at 6.5–7.0 L/min flows for a least 20 min each.
None of the reservoirs tested demonstrated the phenomenon that had been observed clinically. This dismisses flow design flaws as a possible cause. Further clinical investigation must be performed to identify the possible cause or causes of this problem.
The Effect of Temperature Management During Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Clinical Outcome in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Correction of Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Golab H.D. , Wijers M.J. , Witsenburg M. , Bol-Raap G. , Cruz E. , Bogers A.J.J.C. 
Published: August 2023

Moderate hypothermia of 28°C is widely accepted in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Recently, however, several studies suggested that normothermic or “tepid” bypass techniques may improve the clinical outcome for patients undergoing cardiac operations.
To assess the effect of bypass temperature management strategy in pediatric patients undergoing correction of ventricular septal defect, 26 patients with body weight under 10 kg were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: Group 1, mild hypothermia, patients cooled to nasopharyngeal temperature of 32°C during the bypass; or Group 2, moderate hypothermia of 28°C. Clinical parameters were recorded, and blood samples were obtained just before, during, and 24 hours after operation.
All the population characteristics and intraoperative variables were similar in the two groups. Hematologic data after CPB and protamine administration revealed a significantly (p < .05) longer activated partial thromboplastin time in the 32°C group; however, the difference in blood loss did not reach significance. Our study shows that both perfusion temperatures equally well facilitated CPB for this type of intracardiac surgery.