bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
$$A_4$$ modular flavour model of quark mass hierarchies close to the fixed point $$\tau = \omega $$
Authors: Petcov S. T. , Tanimoto M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigate the possibility to describe the quark mass hierarchies as well as the CKM quark mixing matrix without fine-tuning in a quark flavour model with modular $$A_4$$

A
4

symmetry. The quark mass hierarchies are considered in the vicinity of the fixed point $$\tau = \omega \equiv \exp ({i\,2\pi /3})$$

τ
=
ω
≡
exp
(

i

2
π
/
3

)

(the left cusp of the fundamental domain of the modular group), $$\tau $$
τ
being the VEV of the modulus. The model involves modular forms of level 3 and weights 6, 4 and 2, and contains eight constants, only two of which, $$g_u$$

g
u

and $$g_d$$

g
d

, can be a source of CP violation in addition to the VEV of the modulus, $$\tau = \omega + \epsilon $$

τ
=
ω
+
ϵ

, $$(\epsilon )^* \ne \epsilon $$

(
ϵ
)

∗

≠
ϵ

, $$|\epsilon |\ll 1$$

|
ϵ
|
≪
1

. We find that in the case of real (CP-conserving) $$g_u$$

g
u

and $$g_d$$

g
d

and common $$\tau $$
τ
($$\epsilon $$
ϵ
) in the down-type and up-type quark sectors, the down-type quark mass hierarchies can be reproduced without fine tuning with $$|\epsilon | \cong 0.03$$

|
ϵ
|
≅
0.03

, all other constants being of the same order in magnitude, and correspond approximately to $$1: |\epsilon |: |\epsilon |^2$$

1
:
|
ϵ
|
:
|
ϵ
|

2

. The up-type quark mass hierarchies can be achieved with the same $$|\epsilon | \cong 0.03$$

|
ϵ
|
≅
0.03

but allowing $$g_u\sim \mathcal{O}(10)$$

g
u

∼
O

(
10
)

and correspond to $$1: |\epsilon |/|g_u|: |\epsilon |^2/|g_u|^2$$

1
:
|
ϵ
|
/
|

g
u

|
:
|
ϵ
|

2

/

|

g
u

|

2

. In this setting the reproduction of the value of the CKM element $$|V_{\textrm{cb}}|$$

|

V
cb

|

is problematic. A much more severe problem is the correct description of the CP violation in the quark sector since it arises as a higher order correction in $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
with $$|\epsilon |\ll 1$$

|
ϵ
|
≪
1

. We show that this problem is somewhat alleviated in the case of complex $$g_u$$

g
u

and $$g_d$$

g
d

although the rephasing invariant $$J_{\textrm{CP}}$$

J
CP

is larger by a factor of $$\sim 1.8$$

∼
1.8

than the correct value. A correct no-fine-tuned description of the quark mass hierarchies, the quark mixing and CP violation is possible with all constants being of the same order in magnitude and complex $$g_u$$

g
u

and $$g_d$$

g
d

, if one allows different values of $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
in the down-type and up-type quark sectors, or in a modification of the considered model which involves modular forms of level 3 and weights 8, 6 and 4.
New records of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) parasites of Brazilian Anhimidae, Threskiornithidae, and Aramidae (Aves)
Authors: Kuabara Kamila Mayumi Duarte , Valim Michel Paiva , Silveira Luís Fábio 
Published: July 2023

We present records of chewing lice collected from bird skins of the families Anhimidae, Threskiornithidae, and Aramidae deposited at the Museum of Zoology of University of São Paulo (MZUSP). Twenty-one chewing lice species from the suborders Amblycera and Ischnocera were identified, seven of which are new records for Brazil. These species belong to the genera Ardeicola (1), Colpocephalum (3), Ibidoecus (1), and Plegadiphilus (2). Furthermore, ten species were recorded from new localities in Brazil, and Colpocephalum cayennensis Price & Emerson, 1967 is for the first time recorded with precise locality in the country. Lastly, the bird host subspecies Phimosus infuscatus nudifrons (Spix, 1825) (Threskiornithidae) was for the first time found to harbor lice species.
Generation and Polynomial Parsing of Graph Languages with Non-Structural Reentrancies
Authors: Björklund Johanna , Drewes Frank , Jonsson Anna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Graph-based semantic representations are popular in natural language processing, where it is often convenient to model linguistic concepts as nodes and relations as edges between them. Several attempts have been made to find a generative device that is sufficiently powerful to describe languages of semantic graphs, while at the same allowing efficient parsing. We contribute to this line of work by introducing graph extension grammar, a variant of the contextual hyperedge replacement grammars proposed by Hoffmann et al. Contextual hyperedge replacement can generate graphs with non-structural reentrancies, a type of node-sharing that is very common in formalisms such as abstract meaning representation, but that context-free types of graph grammars cannot model. To provide our formalism with a way to place reentrancies in a linguistically meaningful way, we endow rules with logical formulas in counting monadic second-order logic. We then present a parsing algorithm and show as our main result that this algorithm runs in polynomial time on graph languages generated by a subclass of our grammars, the so-called local graph extension grammars.
Languages Through the Looking Glass of BPE Compression
Authors: Gutierrez-Vasques Ximena , Bentz Christian , Samardžić Tanja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractByte-pair encoding (BPE) is widely used in NLP for performing subword tokenization. It uncovers redundant patterns for compressing the data, and hence alleviates the sparsity problem in downstream applications. Subwords discovered during the first merge operations tend to have the most substantial impact on the compression of texts. However, the structural underpinnings of this effect have not been analyzed cross-linguistically. We conduct in-depth analyses across 47 typologically diverse languages and three parallel corpora, and thereby show that the types of recurrent patterns that have the strongest impact on compression are an indicator of morphological typology. For languages with richer inflectional morphology there is a preference for highly productive subwords on the early merges, while for languages with less inflectional morphology, idiosyncratic subwords are more prominent. Both types of patterns contribute to efficient compression. Counter to the common perception that BPE subwords are not linguistically relevant, we find patterns across languages that resemble those described in traditional typology. We thus propose a novel way to characterize languages according to their BPE subword properties, inspired by the notion of morphological productivity in linguistics. This allows us to have language vectors that encode typological knowledge induced from raw text. Our approach is easily applicable to a wider range of languages and texts, as it does not require annotated data or any external linguistic knowledge. We discuss its potential contributions to quantitative typology and multilingual NLP.
Intertextuality and Ideology in Pseudo-Hecataeus
Authors: Matusova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The article discusses the fragments of Pseudo-Hecataeus’ work “On the Jews” (Josephus, C. Ap. 1.183–205) from a new, literary perspective that highlights the author’s relationship to Hecataeus of Abdera, Clearchus of Soli, and Aristeas, and describes his position within contemporary Jewish culture in the Egyptian diaspora. Pseudo-Hecataeus demonstrates a strong anti-hellenization tendency in the questions which are of crucial importance for the native Egyptian Jewry: the adaptation of Greek education and translation of the law into Greek. The article also suggests that a famous discrepancy between Pseudo-Hecataeus and Aristeas in how they depict the origins of the Jewish community in Egypt can be considered as an antithetical rewriting by Pseudo-Hecataeus of the story told by Aristeas.
Dynamics of Price Transmission: Evidence from India’s Import Basket
Authors: Choudhry Sonam , Narayanan Abhinav , Anshul  
Published: July 2023

This article uses granular information on trade flows between India and its trading-partners to estimate the impact of price changes on the import basket in general. We first investigate whether a change in world prices at the commodity level triggers a reorganisation of trading partners. Second, we examine the degree of transmission of world prices to Indian import prices. Lastly, we look at whether India imports less from countries that charge a higher markup on a product. Our results indicate that a change in world prices does not significantly change the set of importing countries. Using the country–product level price changes, we find a higher degree of transmission as compared to the world prices. This provides an important policy implication. In order to determine how the transmission of world prices to import prices works, we need to pay attention to the product price changes in the partner countries rather than focusing on the world prices. Lastly, we find that India imports less of a particular product on average from a country that charges a higher markup for that product relative to the average export prices charged by that country. JEL Codes: F14, F60, F02, Q27
Maternal and Neonatal Risk Factors Associated with Perinatal Depression—A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rajendran Bharathi , Ibrahim Syed Ummar , Ramasamy Sureshkumar 
Published: July 2023

Background: Perinatal depression (PND) is often under-treated and under-recognized. It has a negative impact on infant development and mother–child interactions. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of PND during pregnancy and in the postpartum period and the effect of sociodemographic factors, psychosocial stressors, and obstetric and neonatal factors on PND. Methods: 166 antenatal mothers attending tertiary center, who completed the 1st-trimester, were evaluated on baseline sociodemographic, psychosocial, obstetric, neonatal, and post neonatal factors by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Periodic prospective assessments were done using Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) at the end of the second and third trimesters and first and sixth weeks of the postpartum period. Results: Prevalence of PND was 21.7%, 32.2%, 35%, 30.4%, and 30.6%, at the end of the first trimester, during second, and third trimesters, and first and sixth week postpartum, respectively. Factors significantly associated with depressive symptoms included history of previous children with illness (P: 0.013, OR—5.16, CI—1.3-19.5) and preterm birth (P: 0.037, OR—3.73, CI—1.1- 13.2) at the time of recruitment; history of abuse (P: 0.044, OR—3.26, CI—1.1-10.8) and marital conflicts (P: 0.003, OR—3.2, CI—1.4-6.9) by the end of second trimester; history of miscarriages (P: 0.012, OR—2.58, CI—1.2-5.4) by the end of third trimester; lower SES (P: 0.001, OR—3.48, CI—1.64-7.37), unsatisfied living conditions (P: 0.004, OR—2.9, CI—1.4-6.04), alcohol use in husband (P: 0.049, OR—2.01, CI—1.1-4.11), history of depressive episodes (P: 0.049, OR—2.09, CI—1.1-4.46), history of high-risk pregnancy (P: 0.008, OR—2.7, CI—1.29-5.64), history of miscarriages (P: 0.049, OR—2.04, CI—1.1-4.2), stressful events in the postpartum period (P: 0.043, OR—2.58, CI—1.01-6.59), IUD (P: 0.002), preterm birth (P: 0.001), congenital malformations (P: 0.001), dissatisfaction with the sex of the child (P: 0.005, OR—3.75, CI—1.42-9.91), poor family support (P: 0.001), and low birth weight (P: 0.001, OR—16.78, CI—6.32-44.53) in the postpartum period. These analyses are purely exploratory. Conclusions: PND is highly prevalent from the early antenatal period onwards; this warrants periodic assessment of depression among high-risk mothers, using a validated tool, for early diagnosis and management.
Treacher Collins Syndrome Associated with Disproportionate Nervous System, Cardiovascular, Otologic Complications Among 1,114 Patients
Authors: Kloos Jacqueline , Kaelber David C. 
Published: July 2023

Objective To compare the rates of selected nervous system, cardiovascular, and otologic abnormalities in patients with and without Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS). Design Retrospective TriNetX platform cohort study. Setting Aggregated and deidentified electronic health record (EHR) data from across the United States. Patients, Participants Patients with TCS (n = 1,114) and a propensity matched control cohort without TCS (n = 1,114 matched from n = 110,368,585). Main Outcome Measured Prevalence and relative risk (RR) of selected diagnoses in a propensity-matched cohort. Results The RR of congenital malformations of the circulatory system in patients with TCS was 8.5 (95% CI 4.44-16.28). Patients with TCS also had higher rates of otologic abnormalities including conductive hearing loss (RR 44, 95% CI 24-83) and nervous system disorders including movement disorders (RR 2.60, 95% CI 1.27-5.50) and recurrent seizures (RR 4.2, 95% CI 2.12-8.33). Conclusions We found a significantly elevated risk in TCS patients within all three systems. We postulate that the nervous system effects may be the result of one of the TCS-linked genes, for which a mutation has also been associated with progressive ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, hypomyelination, and seizures. As the previously-identified causal genes influence neural crest cells that form the head and face, these cells may also populate cardiac structures, resulting in cardiovascular abnormalities. Finally, the characteristic craniofacial abnormalities identified in TCS impair hearing and are associated with increased risk of otitis media. Our findings may help researchers to hypothesize the function of the genes underlying TCS, as well as to inform the care of affected individuals.
Effect of Esmolol on Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: Data from the MIMIC-IV Database
Authors: Liang Qihong , Li Lulan , Chen Kerong , An Sheng , Deng Zhiya , Li Jiaxin , Zhou Shiyu , Chen Zhongqing , Zeng Zhenhua , An Shengli 
Published: July 2023

Background and aims Esmolol is a common short-acting drug to control ventricular rate. This study aimed to evaluate the association between use of esmolol and mortality in critically ill patients. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study from MIMIC-IV database containing adult patients with a heart rate of over 100 beats/min during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression were used to explore the association between esmolol and mortality and adjust confounders. A 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize potential cofounding bias. The comparison for secondary outcomes was performed at different points of time using an independent t-test. Results A total of 30,332 patients were reviewed and identified as critically ill. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between two groups before (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.73-1.12, p = 0.343) and after PSM (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.65-1.08, p = 0.167). Similar results were shown in 90-day mortality before (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.75-1.14, p = 0.484) and after PSM (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.67-1.09, p = 0.193). However, esmolol treatment was associated with higher requirement of vasopressor use before (HR = 2.89, 95% CI = 2.18-3.82, p < 0.001) and after PSM (HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.06-3.45, p < 0.001). Esmolol treatment statistically reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (all p < 0.001) and increased fluid balance at 24 hours ( p < 0.05) but did not significantly lower SBP ( p = 0.721). Patients in esmolol group showed no significant difference in lactate levels and daily urine output when compared with those in non-esmolol group when adjusted for confounders (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Esmolol treatment was associated with reduced heart rate and lowered DBP and MAP, which may increase vasopressor use and fluid balance at the timepoint of 24 hours in critically ill patients during ICU stay. However, after adjusting for confounders, esmolol treatment was not associated with 28-day and 90-day mortality.
Prechoroidal Cleft Regression After Switch to Intravitreal Brolucizumab
Authors: Forte Paolo , Ferro Desideri Lorenzo , Manocchio Riccardo , Corazza Paolo , Traverso Carlo Enrico , Nicolò Massimo 
Published: July 2023

Introduction Prechoroidal cleft has been described as a negative prognostic biomarker in patients affected with neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD). This peculiar finding consists of a lenticular hyporeflective space located between an outward bowing of Bruch's membrane and the base of a fibrovascular retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED). Previous studies have reported the partial or complete regression of prechoroidal clefts after treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. Case report To report a case of complete anatomical regression of an unresponsive prechoroidal cleft after switching to intravitreal Brolucizumab. The patient maintained cleft regression over time and no adverse events (i.e., RPE tears, intraocular inflammation) were observed during follow-up. Conclusions and importance To our knowledge, this case report is the first to analyze the clinical efficacy of brolucizumab targeting prechoroidal clefts. Clinical implication and pathogenesis of prechoroidal clefts are yet to be fully elucidated.
Personal Protective Equipment Utilization and Associated Factors among Industry Park Construction Workers in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yosef Tewodros , Shifera Nigusie 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Equipment that safeguards the user from the risk of accidents or harmful health effects is known as personal protective equipment. Reports show personal protective equipment utilization is low in Africa. Workers are exposed to a wide range of physical, chemical, and incidental hazards because of low utilization of personal protective equipment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with personal protective equipment utilization among Bure Industrial Park construction workers, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 368 construction workers was carried out. The questionnaire was prepared to collect data on sociodemographic, work-related, and behavioral characteristics. Personal protective equipment usage was assessed by observation. Descriptive statistics’ frequencies, proportions, and means were computed, and the analysis results were presented in text and tables. To find independent variables associated with personal protective equipment utilization, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The proportion of workers at the Bure Industrial Park who utilized personal protective equipment was 47.8%, 95% CI (47.7-47.9). After adjusting employment type as a confounding factor; not being a substance user [AOR = 9.52, 95% CI (5.07-17.8)], regular workplace supervision [AOR = 4.09, 95% CI (1.26-5.48)], having occupational safety training [AOR = 6.01, 95% CI (2.05-17.6)], and provision of personal protective equipment at workplace [AOR = 7.36, 95% CI (3.97-13.6)] were the factors associated with personal protective equipment utilization. Conclusion and recommendation: Nearly 1 in 2 workers wear PPE at work. Lack of PPE utilization is a public health problem in the study area. According to the study, personal protective equipment utilization was influenced by behavioral and occupational factors. To increase the utilization of personal protective equipment, training in safety procedures and regular workplace supervision must be considered.
Efficacy of telerehabilitation for patients after hip fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsuge Takahiro , Yamamoto Norio , Taito Shunsuke , Miura Takanori , Shiratsuchi Daijo , Yorifuji Takashi 
Published: July 2023

Introduction This study aimed to determine the efficacy of telerehabilitation for patients after hip fracture surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Eight electronic databases were searched in August 2022. The primary outcomes were mobility outcomes, activities of daily living (ADL) outcomes, and all adverse events, whereas the secondary outcomes were pain, health-related quality of life, and fall efficacy scale score. Results Seven randomized controlled trials were eligible for this study. The evidence regarding the effect of telerehabilitation on mobility outcomes (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.39 to 0.48) and all adverse events (risk ratio: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.62 to 2.21) was very uncertain. A clinically irrelevant but significant mean difference (MD) in ADL outcomes was found (MD: 4.82, 95% CI: 2.63 to 7.01). Telerehabilitation may result in a slight increase in fall efficacy scale score (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.54) and little to no difference in pain (MD: −1.0, 95% CI: −18.31 to 16.31). Conclusions The efficacy of telerehabilitation for patients after hip fracture surgery was uncertain with respect to the mobility outcomes, all adverse events, and pain, with no clinically meaningful differences in ADL outcomes. Telerehabilitation may be necessary to be considered for patients after hip fracture surgery to improve their confidence in their ability to perform daily activities without falling. Therefore, medical staff may consider telerehabilitation for hip fractures.
Balloon assisted Woven endobridge deployment (BAWD): A safety and efficacy study
Authors: Trimboli Anthony , Wenderoth Jason D , Cheung Andrew K , Whitley Justin , McQuinn Alex , Williams Cameron , Phillips Timothy J , Fairhall Jacob , Sheridan Mark , Manning Nathan W 
Published: July 2023

Background Balloon-assisted deployment/remodelling is a proven adjunctive technique for coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms, and it may be a helpful adjunct in delivering the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device. Objective To evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of balloon-assisted WEB deployment in both ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms in both typical and atypical locations. Methods Patients who underwent treatment of ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms with the BAWD technique were retrospectively identified from a prospectively maintained database at two neurointerventional centres. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, technical procedure details, clinical and imaging outcomes were reviewed. Results Thirty-three aneurysms (23 women) were identified with a median age of 58 years. There were 15 (45.5%) ruptured aneurysms, 25 (64.3%) in the anterior circulation and 12 (36.4%) aneurysms having an atypical location for WEB treatment. The average aneurysm size was 6.8 mm (greatest dimension), 4.6 mm (height) and 4.5 mm (width), and 25 (75.8%) aneurysms had a wide neck morphology. One patient died (3.0%) secondary to a procedure-related complication, and there was no procedure-related permanent morbidity. Complete and adequate aneurysm occlusion on mid-term follow-up DSA was 85.2% and 92%, respectively. Conclusion Balloon-assisted WEB deployment appears to be a safe and effective technique that may increase the utility of the WEB device. Further prospective studies on BAWD should be considered.