bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A glycan epitope correlates with tau in serum and predicts progression to Alzheimer's disease in combination with APOE4 allele status
Authors: Zhou Robin Ziyue , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Grande Giulia , Duell Frida , Jönsson Linus , Laukka Erika J , Fredolini Claudia , Winblad Bengt , Tjernberg Lars , Schedin‐Weiss Sophia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThere is an urgent need for novel blood biomarkers for the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously showed that levels of the bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine glycan epitope was elevated in cerebrospinal fluid in AD. However, its diagnostic value in blood is unknown.METHODSWe analyzed blood levels of bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine and total tau in a retrospective cohort of 233 individuals. Progression to AD was compared between the groups using Cox regression. The predictive value of the biomarkers was determined by logistic regression.RESULTSBisecting N‐acetylglucosamine correlated with tau levels (p < 0.0001). Individuals with an intermediate tau/bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine ratio had elevated AD risk (hazard ratio = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–3.6). Moreover, a combined model including tau/bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine ratio, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status, and Mini‐Mental State Examination score predicted future AD (area under the curve = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.93).DISCUSSIONBisecting N‐acetylglucosamine in combination with tau is a valuable blood biomarker for predicting AD.
Development of bio‐based magnesium phosphate flame retardant for simultaneously improved flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of HDPE
Authors: Feng Xi , Wang Zhengyu , Ma Hongli , Dang Bo , Li Jianxi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, MHPA, a novel bio‐based flame retardant, was prepared by a reaction of magnesium hydroxide (MH) and phytic acid (PA). Then, MHPA was added into high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) to prepare flame‐retardant HDPE composite. This work aims to add MHPA into HDPE to flame‐retardant HDPE composites by melt blending to significantly reduce the smoke and toxic gases produced during combustion. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test (CCT) results show that the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of HDPE can be improved by the mixture of MHPA and MH. The LOI of HDPE/MHPA/MH was 26.3%, and its peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) values decreased by 38.6%, 27.3%, and 65.2%, respectively, compared with pure HDPE. In addition, HDPE/MHPA/MH composites have significant tensile strength, elongation breaking strength, and tear strength because of the interface compatibility of bio‐based MHPA. Therefore, this study verified that the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of HDPE composites could be effectively improved when MHPA and MH are added to HDPE simultaneously.
“Mica/silicate glass frit‐armored skeleton” in PDMS composite foam for improving fire‐proofing performance
Authors: Xu Yaozong , Zhao Dong , Fang Xianli , Jiang Guodong , Shen Yucai , Wang Tingwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt remains challenging to give polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam high fire‐proofing performance through scalable strategies and economical methods. Herein, a novel PDMS composite foam with good flame retardancy and simultaneously excellent thermal insulation performance and fire‐proofing properties under prolonged flame attack was developed through constructing “mica/silicate glass frit (SGF)‐armored skeleton” by one pot method. The prepared composite foams can resist above 1000°C flame without disintegration and still maintain excellent thermal insulation properties due to the formation of porous ceramic framework. The tensile strength and compressive strength at strain of 25% were also increased significantly by 265% and 221%, respectively. This strategy of constructing an inorganic filler‐armored skeleton structure in PDMS composite foam opens up new prospects to fabricate fire‐proofing PDMS composite foam with impressive high temperature resistance and good mechanical properties.
Excision of massive left branchial cleft cyst with secondary hypertension
Authors: Shaikh Noah , Ibrahim‐Shaikh Sara , Alshaikhnasser Esra , Kukkala Saadhana , Stevens Levi , Chung Jeffson 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBranchial anomalies are heterogeneous congenital malformations that form secondary to incomplete closure of pharyngeal clefts and pouches. There have been no reports of branchial cleft cysts causing carotid artery compression and hypertension. We report a large branchial cleft cyst causing suspected secondary hypertension from carotid artery compression.
Enhancing Coke Resistance of Mg1–xNixAl2O4 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane via a Doping‐Segregation Strategy
Authors: Sun Xiaohang , Wang Yaning , Yan Binhang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDry reforming of methane (DRM) is an important reaction to utilize two greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) simultaneously and produce syngas (CO and H2) for the manufacture of downstream high‐value chemicals. One of the major obstacles to preventing the commercialization of Ni‐based catalysts in DRM is the serious coking problem. This work develops a doping‐segregation method to manipulate the active metal structure and metal‐support interaction of Mg1–xNixAl2O4 catalysts to enhance their coke resistance for DRM. The Mg1–xNixAl2O4 catalysts prepared via the sol‐gel method exhibit outstanding coke resistance: the coke deposition rate of supported catalyst Ni/MgAl2O4 is 326 times higher than that of the Mg0.7Ni0.3Al2O4 catalyst at 600 °C. The Ni structure and metal‐support interaction of Mg1–xNixAl2O4 catalysts have been systematically studied using various characterization. Combined with the temperature‐programmed surface reaction (TPSR) experiments, the enhanced coke resistance of Mg1–xNixAl2O4 catalysts is attributed to smaller Ni particles, higher Ni dispersion, and stronger metal‐support interaction, which significantly inhibit the direct dissociation of CH4 and promote the oxidation of formed coke. The findings of this work provide insights into the correlation between the enhanced coke resistance and the Ni structure of Mg1–xNixAl2O4 catalysts synthesized via the doping‐segregation strategy using spinel as the precursor, leading to a stable catalyst design for many dry reforming reactions.
Hierarchical‐linked batch‐to‐batch optimization based on transfer learning of synthesis process
Authors: Chu Fei , Wang Haoran , Wang Jiachen , Jia Runda , He Dakuo , Wang Fuli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, a hierarchical‐linked batch‐to‐batch optimization based on transfer learning is proposed to realize the effective optimization of a new synthesis process. Optimization efficiency is especially crucial for batch processes to improve the product quality and maximize the economic benefits. The traditional hierarchical optimization method can achieve a better effect, but it may lead to low efficiency since it requires more iterations. To further improve the optimization efficiency of a new batch process with high operational cost, a hierarchical‐linked batch‐to‐batch optimization based on transfer learning is proposed in this work. By introducing the linkage between hierarchies, the available information transmitting between hierarchies is addressed to assist and accelerate the modelling and optimization process. A performance assessment criterion based on the prior knowledge of similar processes is also proposed to further improve the optimization effect. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is verified through a simulation study of the cobalt oxalate synthesis process.
Geodiversity as a potential indicator of stream health in ecological quality assessment systems
Authors: Stefanidis Konstantinos , Karaouzas Ioannis , Oikonomou Anthi , Smeti Evangelia , Kouvarda Theodora , Latsiou Anna , Vourka Aikaterini , Dimitriou Elias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStream geodiversity is a novel concept that is used to describe the variety of geological, geomorphological and hydrological features at a reach‐scale level. In this study, we investigated the relationship between geodiversity and ecological indicators based on fishes, benthic macroinvertebrates and diatoms used for the ecological classification of rivers in line with the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC. We examined whether geodiversity can be used as a proxy indicator of ecological quality, and we further tested if geodiversity can explain a significant amount of taxa richness variation. We hypothesized that undisturbed or minimally disturbed rivers will be more hydrologically and geomorphologically diverse, and as such, the ecological quality of streams will improve with geodiversity. We also attempted to quantify the probability of achieving ‘good’ ecological quality in relation to geodiversity levels through ordinal regression analysis. Although we did not find a significant relationship between geodiversity and taxonomic richness for any of the three freshwater groups, our results showed positive effects of geodiversity on all three ecological indicators. We also found that the likelihood of achieving the WFD target increases significantly with higher geodiversity. Our findings indicate that geodiversity can potentially serve as a proxy of ecological quality and highlight the need to consider the inclusion of geodiversity measures in ecological quality assessment systems.
Detailed studies on employing fish canning waste as a partial alternative in a research diesel engine: Waste to energy initiation
Authors: Devarajan Yuvarajan , Munuswamy Naresh Babu , Subbiah Ganesan , Hariharan Gajendiran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research aims to utilize the energy available from fish canning waste (FCW) as a partial alternative. The fuel is chemically modified to fish canning waste methyl ester (FCWME) by acid‐catalytic transesterification process and blended with diesel at 10%, 20% and 30% volume. The engine utilized in this study is slightly modified by engaging exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to lower the nitrous oxide (NO) emission of oxygen‐rich fuel blends. Performance tests demonstrated that the FCW/diesel blends show similar patterns to diesel. Higher fuel consumption of 0.01, 0.03 and 0.04 kg/kWh was noted by including FCWME by 10%, 20% and 30% by volume. Power losses of about 1.4%, 1.9% and 2.1% were experienced by blending 10%, 20% and 30% volumes of FCWME with diesel. Conversely, the tailpipe emissions, namely smoke, CO and HC emissions, lowered by 3.7%, 0.017% and 21 ppm, with 117 ppm elevated NO emissions for the FCWME/diesel blends than diesel. The test results revealed that the NO emissions from all test fuels lowered drastically during 10%–30% EGR; 91 ppm reduction in NO emissions was observed at a 30% EGR rate, with a slight increase in other regulated emissions. Considering the encouraging impacts on the environment and improved fuel combustion pattern, FCW biofuel shall be employed as a likely and fractional alternative to diesel fuel.
Post‐secondary student transitions and mental health: Literature review and synthesis
Authors: Curtis Ashley , Bearden Anomi , Turner Jamie Prowse 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWaning mental health and resilience in the post‐secondary student population is a growing concern across North American institutions, these concerns have only been compounded further by the added stressors associated with the COVID 19 pandemic. Transitioning into post‐secondary brings with it a variety of interpersonal and intrapersonal challenges that often reciprocally influence each other (e.g., moving away from existing social support networks, forming new relationships, increased responsibility, and financial independence, increased academic expectations, etc.). Successful adaptation to such challenges is equally influenced by demographic (e.g., impacts of gender, sexuality, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) and institutional factors (e.g., the provision and efficacy of health‐related services and programming on campus). A thorough literature review and synthesis was conducted examining post‐secondary student mental health. Attention was given to post‐secondary mental health, help seeking, demographic, and institutional characteristics. The scope of this literature review focused on the North American context. Future directions for research and practice are drawn from the findings. Institutions need to focus on initiatives intended to improve campus climate and service utilization amongst their students. Health care providers, administrators, and educators are challenged to provide evidence‐based, health‐related services that meet the unique needs of their student population.
Echocardiographic assessment of left cardiac structure and function in antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Hu Xing , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Tong , Li Weihua , Han Jing , Zhang Xuhui , Meng Fankun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to HIV‐negative people. Left heart dysfunction is the most common cardiac complication in people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (PLWHA), and diastolic dysfunction is an important predictor of cardiovascular events. The aims of this study were (1) to detect changes in left cardiac structure and function in antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naive PLWHA using echocardiography; and (2) to investigate the risk factors for the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in ART‐naive PLWHA.MethodsWe retrospectively included 105 ART‐naïve PLWHA and included 90 healthy subjects as controls to compare the differences in left heart structure and function between the two groups. Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression were employed to explore the risk factors of the development of LVDD in ART‐naive PLWHA.ResultsThe left ventricular end‐diastolic internal diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and left atrial volume index (LAVI) were significantly greater in PLWHA than in controls (p < .05). The E/A ratio, lateral e′ velocity, and mitral deceleration time were significantly lower in PLWHA than in controls (p < .05). Average E/e′ ratio was significantly higher in PLWHA than in controls (p < .05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were not significantly different between PLWHA and controls (p > .05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age, body mass index (BMI), and CD4+ count <200 cells/μL were independent risk factors for LVDD in ART‐naive PLWHA (OR = 1.781, 1.228, 3.683, p < .05).ConclusionsLeft ventricular systolic function did not differ between PLWHA and controls, and left ventricular diastolic function was lower in PLWHA than in controls. Age, BMI, and CD4+ count were independent factors affecting LVDD in ART‐naive PLWHA.
Study on the correlation between mineral bone metabolism and CRP in patients with SHPT during perioperative period
Authors: Yan Lei , Xiong Qiuyue , Xu Qin , Ren Pengru , Li Tiantian , Cao Huixia , Shao Fengmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study mainly observes changes in perioperative mineral bone metabolism‐related indicators and inflammatory factors in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), and analyzed the correlation between mineral bone metabolism‐related indicators and inflammatory factors.MethodsClinical data were collected. The study detects mineral bone metabolism‐related indicators and inflammatory factor of perioperative patients with SHPT before and 4 days after operation. The production of high‐sensitivity c‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) in human hepatocytes cells (LO2 cells) stimulated by different concentrations of parathyroid hormone‐associated protein was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and western blot.ResultsThe levels of mineral bone metabolism‐related indicators and hs‐CRP in SHPT group were significantly higher than those of control group. After operation, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, iPTH, FGF‐23 decreased, and the level of osteoblast active biomarkers increased, while the level of osteoclast active biomarkers decreased. The levels of hs‐CRP decreased significantly after operation. With the increase of PTHrP concentration, hs‐CRP level in supernatant of LO2 cells decreased first and then increased. RT‐PCR and western blot shows the same trend.ConclusionParathyroidectomy can significantly improve bone resorption and inflammation in SHPT patients. We speculate that there may be an optimal range of PTH concentrations to minimize inflammation in the body.
Crystal Structures of Diaryl Hydrazone and Sulfone Stabilizers in Complex with an Amyloidogenic Light Chain Reveal an Alternate Ligand‐Binding Cavity
Authors: Yan Nicholas L. , Wilson Ian A. , Kelly Jeffery W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStabilization of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) by binding of small molecule “kinetic stabilizers” is under development as a novel treatment for light chain amyloidosis. From a high‐throughput screen, we previously identified 16 full‐length (FL) LC stabilizers from five distinct chemotypes. We then obtained structural biological information on two classes of hits, coumarins and hydantoins, revealing that both chemotypes bind to a pocket at the VL−VL interface of the FL LC dimer. Here, we report crystal structures of three screening hits from two other chemotypes, diaryl hydrazones and sulfones, in complex with an amyloidogenic FL LC. While two of these hits bind to the previously identified pocket, one diaryl hydrazone binds to a different pocket bisected by the C2 symmetry axis of the dimer. These data further expand on the FL LC stabilizer‐binding surface that could be used in design of more potent FL LC aggregation inhibitors.
The Challenge of Enabling Dynamic Innovation with Rigor
Authors: Frederick John , Higgins Columb , Moore Angela 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTHow do we incubate and accelerate innovation? This article examines lessons learned from recent Verification and Validation (V&V) summits and Technical Interchange Meetings (TIMs) held by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) V&V Strategies and Practices Branch, which explored the challenges of being agile and dynamic (in step with the pace of technology) while being effectively systematic and rigorous.
Configuration Management for Model Based Systems Engineering — An Example from the Aerospace Industry
Authors: D'Souza Adriana , Thota Phanikrishna 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTModel‐based systems engineering approach is increasingly used to manage the complexity of modern systems and to reduce costs of their development. In the aerospace industry, modelling and simulation is not only a cost‐effective verification and validation strategy where test rigs and flight tests are far more expensive but also is increasingly used in the certification process. Nevertheless, as with any digital artefact, if the models aren't configured and traceability isn't assured, then the models are not of much use. Configuration management comes into play as a key discipline to enable the use and maintenance of the models. This paper explores the use of configuration management for modelling and simulation in an aerospace setting, with a specific example involving landing gear and its surrounding systems.
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Safety of Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab, and Aflibercept in Ocular Diseases: An Analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database
Authors: Zeng Yanbin , Guo Xiaohui , Xiao Fengjiao , Zhang Haixia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular safety of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept for ocular diseases is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular safety in patients receiving ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept for ocular disease. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from 2017 (Q1) to 2021 (Q4) in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. The outcomes of interest were central nervous system vascular disorders, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, torsade de pointes/QT prolongation, embolic and thrombotic events, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac failure, and cardiomyopathy. Data mining was performed by a disproportional method with a compression, using compressed reporting odds ratios (sRORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to measure signals. The results showed 1462 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events associated with aflibercept, 834 with ranibizumab, and 150 with bevacizumab. Ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept were linked to central nervous system vascular disorders (sROR, 5.57[95%CI, 4.95‐6.26] vs sROR, 2.23 [95%CI, 1.75‐2.85] vs sROR, 2.73[95%CI, 2.43–3.06]), ischemic heart disease (sROR, 3.31[95%CI, 2.65–4.13] vs sROR, 1.98 [95%CI, 1.24‐3.16] vs sROR, 3.00 [95%CI, 2.46‐3.65]), embolic and thrombotic (sROR, 3.36 [95%CI, 3.04‐3.72] vs sROR, 2.16 [95%CI, 1.70‐2.74] vs sROR, 5.25 [95%CI, 4.82‐5.72]). Both ranibizumab and bevacizumab produced hypertension (sROR, 1.73 [95%CI, 1.41‐2.12] vs sROR, 1.46 [95%CI, 1.03‐2.06]) and arrhythmias (sROR, 2.82 [95%CI, 1.99‐3.99] vs sROR, 2.13 [95%CI, 1.08‐4.22]) signals. The signals of heart failure were detected in ranibizumab (sROR, 5.64 [95%CI, 4.08‐7.79]) and aflibercept (sROR, 2.80 [95%CI, 2.03‐3.86]). Ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept for ocular disease have different safety profiles in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular. The overall cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk of the patient should be thoroughly assessed in order to select the safest drug for treatment.
Histologic evidence of brachial plexus compression sites at the thoracic inlet and variations in formation of the lower trunk in cadavers
Authors: Tiongco Rafael Felix P. , Dellon A. Lee 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn thoracic “outlet” syndrome (TOS), pathologic evidence is well documented for vascular but not neurologic compression. We hypothesized that histologic evidence of compression would be identified at sites where the upper trunk was impacted by the anterior scalene muscle and the lower trunk by anatomic anomalies or the first rib. The purpose of this study was to investigate this hypothesis in human cadavers.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five cadavers' brachial plexuses were dissected and excised. Histologic and descriptive analysis was directed at juncture 1, the upper trunk and anterior scalene muscle, and juncture 2, C8 and T1 nerve roots (lower trunk) with the posterior border of the first rib. Measurements were obtained at the juncture of the T1 nerve root with the C8 nerve root in relationship to the first rib.ResultsHistologic analysis demonstrated epineurial and perineurial fibrosis, myelin thinning, and Renaut bodies at junctures 1 and 2. Lower trunk formation occurred on or lateral to the first rib in 66% of specimens, with asymmetry in 32% of cadavers. A muscle of Albinus was present in 18% of cadavers. A large dorsal scapular artery coursed through 36% of plexuses with a high, arched subclavian artery.ConclusionsWe report histologic changes consistent with chronic compression of the upper and lower plexus in the thoracic inlet at hypothesized sites of brachial plexus compression that may correlate with clinical neck/shoulder (upper trunk) and “ulnar nervelike” (C8‐T1/lower trunk) symptoms. Anatomic anomalies identified should alert the surgeon to variations of lower trunk formation at compression sites.