bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung aerosol particle emission increases with age at rest and during exercise
Authors: Schumm Benedikt , Bremer Stephanie , Knödlseder Katharina , Schönfelder Martin , Hain Rainer , Semmler Luisa , Lorenz Elke , Jörres Rudolf , Wackerhage Henning , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: May 2023

Airborne respiratory aerosol particle transmission of pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, or rhinoviruses plays a major role in the spread of infectious diseases. The infection risk is increased during indoor exercise, as aerosol particle emission can increase by more than 100-fold from rest to maximal exercise. Earlier studies have investigated the effect of factors such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), but only at rest and without taking ventilation into account. Here, we report that during both rest and exercise, subjects aged 60 to 76 y emit on average more than twice as many aerosol particles per minute than subjects aged 20 to 39 y. In terms of volume, older subjects emit on average five times as much dry volume (i.e., the residue of dried aerosol particles) than younger subjects. There was no statistically significant effect of sex or BMI within the test group. Together, this suggests that aging of the lung and respiratory tract is associated with an increased generation of aerosol particles irrespective of ventilation. Our findings demonstrate that age and exercise increase aerosol particle emission. In contrast, sex or BMI only have minor effects.
The leader and the people
Authors: Fanoulis Evangelos , Cappelletti Alessandra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the shifting boundaries in populist discourses in China, with a focus on how the political
leader’s discourse socially constructs the people. By combining critical and post-structuralist discourse analysis, we argue
firstly that prevalent Western-centric approaches to the study of populism only partially capture the notion of the people in
contemporary China, the study of which requires a mixture of elements from these approaches. Secondly, that the image of a Chinese
people embracing the Chinese Dream and the promise for a New China, is narrated in a context where the Chinese Communist Party
infuses all levels of society with messages of development, prosperity, peace and freedom. And thirdly, that while previous
leaders would normally address the people in a formal and detached way, the distance between leadership and the people has been
reduced in the Xi Jinping era.
Highly sensitive methane gas sensor based on Au/UVCFS films coated D-shaped photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Li Yuxin , Chen Hailiang , Li Hongwei , Gao Zhigang , Fan Xiaoya , Chen Qiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the proportion of methane explosion accidents in coal mine production accidents is increasing. The important measure to avoid methane explosion accident is to do well in methane leakage detection. Some of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been proposed to achieve the methane gas sensing. However, it is difficult to fill methane gas into the inner air holes in PCFs. In order to address this issue, a D-shaped PCF methane gas sensor based on SPR was proposed and investigated based on the finite element method in this paper. A side polished air hole in the D-shaped PCF was utilized as the substrates for depositing the gold film and methane gas sensitive film. The sensing area is in direct contact with the outside methane gas. Simulation results showed that the measurement sensitivity of methane gas reached 9.88 nm/% at the methane concentration of 0%–3.5% with a linearity of 99.8%. The influence of optical structure parameters on sensor performances were also discussed. The designed sensor is expected to be a candidate for methane gas leakage detection for its simplicity and feasibility.
First-principles design of ferromagnetic monolayer MnO2 at the complex interface
Authors: Wang Rui-Qi , Lei Tian-Min , Fang Yue-Wen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rapidly increasing interest in low-dimensional materials is driven by the emerging requirement to develop nanoscale solid-state devices with novel functional properties that are not available in three-dimensional bulk phases. Among the well-known low-dimensional systems, complex transition metal oxide interface holds promise for broad applications in electronic and spintronics devices. Herein, intriguing metal-insulator and ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transitions are achieved in monolayer MnO2 that is sandwiched into SrTiO3-based heterointerface systems through interface engineering. By using first-principles calculations, we modeled three types of SrTiO3-based heterointerface systems with different interface terminations and performed a comparative study on the spin-dependent magnetic and electronic properties that are established in the confined MnO2 monolayer. First-principles study predicts that metal-insulator transition and magnetic transition in the monolayer MnO2 are independent on the thickness of capping layers. Moreover, 100% spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gases accompanied by robust room temperature magnetism are uncovered in the monolayer MnO2. Not only is the buried MnO2 monolayer a new interface phase of fundamental physical interest, but it is also a promising candidate material for nanoscale spintronics applications. Our study suggests interface engineering at complex oxide interfaces is an alternative approach to designing high-performance two-dimensional materials.
A C-band widely tunable and switchable erbium-doped fiber laser based on a Sagnac-like loop embedded in Lyot filter
Authors: Zhou Junpeng , Tong Zhengrong , Zhang Weihua , Wang Xue , Gao Xiang , Jiang Qiuhao , Yan Gangxiao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a new type of widely tunable and switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on a Sagnac-like loop embedded in Lyot filter is proposed. The nonlinear polarization rotation effect is obtained by adjusting two polarization controllers (PCs). The polarization-dependent isolator and the Sagnac-like loop are used as the basic structure to realize the wide tuning and wavelength switching in C-band. Compared with the traditional Lyot filter, the Sagnac-like loop is used to replace the segment of polarization-maintaining fiber, and a more uniform comb spectrum can be obtained by this filter. The tunable and switchable wavelengths can be achieved by adjusting the PCs based on the nonlinear effect of the loop. The laser can emit single-, dual-, triple-, quad- and quintuple-wavelengths. The optical signal-to-noise ratios all exceed 43 dB. It can also be adjusted to partial wavelength intervals for quad-wavelength and quintuple-wavelength. The tuning range can reach the full range of the C-band, and the laser efficiency can reach the practical application standard. It can be applied to some precision instruments and equipment.
Q-switched fiber laser operating at 1560 nm modulated by Cr3C2 film
Authors: Zhao J X , Zhu L , Cheng T L , Qu Y H , Wang F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chromium carbide (Cr3C2), as a kind of transition metal carbides, has exhibited extraordinary optoelectronic properties and aroused enormous attention. However, few reports have been focused on the nonlinear properties and relevant devices. In this study, we first demonstrated a novel Cr3C2 saturable absorber (SA). Cr3C2 with an average size of 200 nm was prepared through a low temperature salt flux synthetic method. The Cr3C2-film SA exhibited high robustness and strong linear and nonlinear saturable absorption response at 1560 nm. As the Cr3C2 SA was inserted into the Er3+-doped fiber laser cavity, Q-switched pulses were generated with a central wavelength of 1560 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report on the optical nonlinearity of Cr3C2 as a Q-switcher for the near-infrared fiber laser. Our experimental results verified that the integrated Cr3C2-based device possessed great potential as a nonlinear optical medium for high-performance optical applications.
Passively Q-switched ytterbium doped fiber laser based on a weak-photothermal saturable absorber
Authors: Kang Zhe , Liu Mingyi , Jia Zhixu , Qin Weiping , Qin Guanshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recently, plasmonic nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention due to their wide applications in bioimaging, photothermal therapy and photonics devices. Compared to other metal NCs, copper NCs show a weak photo-thermal effect, which shows that the copper NCs are a good candidate for nonlinear optical materials. In this paper, we demonstrated a Q-switched fiber laser at 1 μm wavelength by using Cu1.8S NCs as a saturable absorber (SA). By incorporating the Cu1.8S SA into an ytterbium doped fiber laser cavity pumped by a 980 nm laser diode, stable passive Q-switching at 1038 nm was obtained for a threshold pump power of 63 mW. On gradually increasing the pump power from 64 mW to 160 mW, the repetition rate of a Q-switched laser increases from 25.7 kHz to 54.5 kHz and the pulse duration decreases from 6.7 μs to 2.33 μs. Our results showed that Cu1.8S NCs is an effective SA for constructing pulsed lasers with a broadband operating wavelength.
Neglected implications of land-use and land-cover changes on the climate-health nexus
Authors: Orlov Anton , Aunan Kristin , Mistry Malcolm N , Lejeune Quentin , Pongratz Julia , Thiery Wim , Gasparrini Antonio , Reed Eilif Ursin , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Climate change can substantially affect temperature-related mortality and morbidity, especially under high greenhouse gas emission pathways. Achieving the Paris Agreement goals require not only drastic reductions in fossil fuel-based emissions but also land-use and land-cover changes (LULCC), such as reforestation and afforestation. LULCC has been mainly analysed in the context of land-based mitigation and food security. However, growing scientific evidence shows that LULCC can also substantially alter climate through biogeophysical effects. Little is known about the consequential impacts on human health. LULCC-related impact research should broaden its scope by including the human health impacts. LULCC are relevant to several global agendas (i.e. Sustainable Development Goals). Thus, collaboration across research communities and stronger stakeholder engagement are required to address this knowledge gap.
Vascularized adipose tissue engineering: moving towards soft tissue reconstruction
Authors: Peirsman Arne , Nguyen Huu Tuan , Van Waeyenberge Michiel , Ceballos Carlos , Bolivar Johana , Kawakita Satoru , Vanlauwe Florian , Tirpáková Zuzana , Van Dorpe Sofie , Van Damme Lana , Mecwan Marvin , Ermis Menekse , Maity Surjendu , Mandal Kalpana , Herculano Rondinelli , Depypere Bernard , Budiharto Lore , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , De Wever Olivier , Blondeel Phillip , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Soft tissue defects are a common clinical challenge mostly caused by trauma, congenital anomalies and oncological surgery. Current soft tissue reconstruction options include synthetic materials (fillers and implants) and autologous adipose tissue transplantation through flap surgery and/or lipotransfer. Both reconstructive options hold important disadvantages to which vascularized adipose tissue engineering (VATE) strategies could offer solutions. In this review, we first summarized pivotal characteristics of functional adipose tissue such as the structure, function, cell types, development and extracellular matrix (ECM). Next, we discussed relevant cell sources and how they are applied in different state-of-the-art VATE techniques. Herein, biomaterial scaffolds and hydrogels, ECMs, spheroids, organoids, cell sheets, three dimensional printing and microfluidics are overviewed. Also, we included extracellular vesicles and emphasized their potential role in VATE. Lastly, current challenges and future perspectives in VATE are pointed out to help to pave the road towards clinical applications.
Collective excitation of spatio-spectrally distinct quantum dots enabled by chirped pulses
Authors: Kappe Florian , Karli Yusuf , Bracht Thomas K , Covre da Silva Saimon Filipe , Seidelmann Tim , Axt Vollrath Martin , Rastelli Armando , Weihs Gregor , Reiter Doris E , Remesh Vikas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanoscale bright sources that produce high-purity single photons and high-fidelity entangled photon pairs are the building blocks to realize high security quantum communication devices. To achieve high communication rates, it is desirable to have an ensemble of quantum emitters that can be collectively excited, despite their spectral variability. In case of semiconductor quantum dots, Rabi rotations are the most popular method for resonant excitation. However, these cannot assure a universal, highly efficient excited state preparation, due to the sensitivity to excitation parameters. In contrast, adiabatic rapid passage (ARP), relying on chirped optical pulses, is immune to quantum dot spectral inhomogeneity. Here, we show that the robustness of ARP holds true for the simultaneous excitation of the biexciton states in multiple, spatially separated and spectrally different quantum dots. For positive chirps, we also find a regime where the influence of phonons relax the sensitivity to spectral detunings and lower the needed excitation power. Being able to generate high-purity photons from spatially multiplexed quantum dot sources using the biexciton to ground state cascade is a big step towards the implementation of high photon rate, entanglement-based quantum key distribution protocols.
NT-proBNP and high intensity care for acute heart failure: the STRONG-HF trial
Authors: Adamo Marianna , Pagnesi Matteo , Mebazaa Alexandre , Davison Beth , Edwards Christopher , Tomasoni Daniela , Arrigo Mattia , Barros Marianela , Biegus Jan , Celutkiene Jelena , Čerlinskaitė-Bajorė Kamilė , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cohen-Solal Alain , Damasceno Albertino , Diaz Rafael , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gayat Etienne , Kimmoun Antoine , Lam Carolyn S P , Novosadova Maria , Pang Peter S , Ponikowski Piotr , Saidu Hadiza , Sliwa Karen , Takagi Koji , Ter Maaten Jozine M , Voors Adriaan , Cotter Gad , Metra Marco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
STRONG-HF showed that rapid up-titration of guideline-recommended medical therapy (GRMT), in a high intensity care (HIC) strategy, was associated with better outcomes compared with usual care. The aim of this study was to assess the role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at baseline and its changes early during up-titration.

Methods and results
A total of 1077 patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (HF) and with a &gt;10% NT-proBNP decrease from screening (i.e. admission) to randomization (i.e. pre-discharge), were included. Patients in HIC were stratified by further NT-proBNP changes, from randomization to 1 week later, as decreased (≥30%), stable (&lt;30% decrease to ≤10% increase), or increased (&gt;10%). The primary endpoint was 180-day HF readmission or death. The effect of HIC vs. usual care was independent of baseline NT-proBNP. Patients in the HIC group with stable or increased NT-proBNP were older, with more severe acute HF and worse renal and liver function. Per protocol, patients with increased NT-proBNP received more diuretics and were up-titrated more slowly during the first weeks after discharge. However, by 6 months, they reached 70.4% optimal GRMT doses, compared with 80.3% for those with NT-proBNP decrease. As a result, the primary endpoint at 60 and 90 days occurred in 8.3% and 11.1% of patients with increased NT-proBNP vs. 2.2% and 4.0% in those with decreased NT-proBNP (P = 0.039 and P = 0.045, respectively). However, no difference in outcome was found at 180 days (13.5% vs. 13.2%; P = 0.93).

Conclusion
Among patients with acute HF enrolled in STRONG-HF, HIC reduced 180-day HF readmission or death regardless of baseline NT-proBNP. GRMT up-titration early post-discharge, utilizing increased NT-proBNP as guidance to increase diuretic therapy and reduce the GRMT up-titration rate, resulted in the same 180-day outcomes regardless of early post-discharge NT-proBNP change.
Body weight time in target range and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Menghui , Xu Xingfeng , Chen Xiaohong , Guo Yue , Zhang Shaozhao , Lin Yifen , Zhou Huimin , Li Miaohong , Xie Peihan , Xia Wenhao , Wang Lichun , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liao Xinxue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Prescription of weight loss to individuals is often characterized by weight fluctuations. However, current body weight management metrics may have difficulty characterizing the changes in body weight over time. We aim to characterize the long-term changes using body weight time in target range (TTR) and test its independent association with cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods and results
We included 4468 adults from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. Body weight TTR was defined as the percentage of time during which body weight was within the Look AHEAD weight loss goal range. The associations of body weight TTR with cardiovascular outcomes were analysed using multivariable Cox modelling and restricted cubic spline function. Among the participants (mean age 58.9 years, 58.5% women, 66.5% White), there were 721 incident primary outcomes [cumulative incidence: 17.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 16.3–18.8%] during a median of 9.5 years of follow-up. Each 1 SD increase in body weight TTR was significantly associated with a decreased risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.94) after adjusting for mean and variability of body weight and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Further analyses using restricted cubic spline indicated the inverse association between body weight TTR and the primary outcome in a dose-dependent manner. Similar associations remained significant among the participants with lower baseline or mean body weight.

Conclusion
In adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, higher body weight TTR was independently associated with lower risks of cardiovascular adverse events in a dose–response manner.
Learning and memory using Drosophila melanogaster: a focus on advances made in the fifth decade of research
Authors: Davis Ronald L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the last decade, researchers using Drosophila melanogaster have made extraordinary progress in uncovering the mysteries underlying learning and memory. This progress has been propelled by the amazing toolkit available that affords combined behavioral, molecular, electrophysiological, and systems neuroscience approaches. The arduous reconstruction of electron microscopic images resulted in a first-generation connectome of the adult and larval brain, revealing complex structural interconnections between memory-related neurons. This serves as substrate for future investigations on these connections and for building complete circuits from sensory cue detection to changes in motor behavior. Mushroom body output neurons (MBOn) were discovered, which individually forward information from discrete and non-overlapping compartments of the axons of mushroom body neurons (MBn). These neurons mirror the previously discovered tiling of mushroom body axons by inputs from dopamine neurons and have led to a model that ascribes the valence of the learning event, either appetitive or aversive, to the activity of different populations of dopamine neurons and the balance of MBOn activity in promoting avoidance or approach behavior. Studies of the calyx, which houses the MBn dendrites, have revealed a beautiful microglomeruluar organization and structural changes of synapses that occur with long-term memory (LTM) formation. Larval learning has advanced, positioning it to possibly lead in producing new conceptual insights due to its markedly simpler structure over the adult brain. Advances were made in how cAMP response element-binding protein interacts with protein kinases and other transcription factors to promote the formation of LTM. New insights were made on Orb2, a prion-like protein that forms oligomers to enhance synaptic protein synthesis required for LTM formation. Finally, Drosophila research has pioneered our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate permanent and transient active forgetting, an important function of the brain along with acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. This was catalyzed partly by the identification of memory suppressor genes—genes whose normal function is to limit memory formation.
daf-42 is an evolutionarily young gene essential for dauer development in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lim Daisy S , Kim Jun , Kim Wonjoo , Kim Nari , Lee Sang-Hee , Lee Daehan , Lee Junho 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Under adverse environmental conditions, nematodes arrest into dauer, an alternative developmental stage for diapause. Dauer endures unfavorable environments and interacts with host animals to access favorable environments, thus playing a critical role in survival. Here, we report that in Caenorhabditis elegans, daf-42 is essential for development into the dauer stage, as the null mutant of daf-42 exhibited a “no viable dauer” phenotype in which no viable dauers were obtained in any dauer-inducing conditions. Long-term time lapse microscopy of synchronized larvae revealed that daf-42 is involved in developmental changes from the pre-dauer L2d stage to the dauer stage. daf-42 encodes large, disordered proteins of various sizes that are expressed in and secreted from the seam cells within a narrow time window shortly before the molt into dauer stage. Transcriptome analysis showed that the transcription of genes involved in larval physiology and dauer metabolism is highly affected by the daf-42 mutation. Contrary to the notion that essential genes that control the life and death of an organism may be well conserved across diverse species, daf-42 is an evolutionarily young gene conserved only in the Caenorhabditis genus. Our study shows that dauer formation is a vital process that is controlled not only by conserved genes but also by newly emerged genes, providing important insights into evolutionary mechanisms.