bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and geography shape male reproductive tract transcriptomes in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Cridland Julie M , Contino Colin E , Begun David J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of several animal clades suggests that male reproductive tract gene expression evolves quickly. However, the factors influencing the abundance and distribution of within-species variation, the ultimate source of interspecific divergence, are poorly known. Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally African species that has recently spread throughout the world and colonized the Americas in the last roughly 100 years, exhibits phenotypic and genetic latitudinal clines on multiple continents, consistent with a role for spatially varying selection in shaping its biology. Nevertheless, geographic expression variation in the Americas is poorly described, as is its relationship to African expression variation. Here, we investigate these issues through the analysis of two male reproductive tissue transcriptomes [testis and accessory gland (AG)] in samples from Maine (USA), Panama, and Zambia. We find dramatic differences between these tissues in differential expression between Maine and Panama, with the accessory glands exhibiting abundant expression differentiation and the testis exhibiting very little. Latitudinal expression differentiation appears to be influenced by the selection of Panama expression phenotypes. While the testis shows little latitudinal expression differentiation, it exhibits much greater differentiation than the accessory gland in Zambia vs American population comparisons. Expression differentiation for both tissues is non-randomly distributed across the genome on a chromosome arm scale. Interspecific expression divergence between D. melanogaster and D. simulans is discordant with rates of differentiation between D. melanogaster populations. Strongly heterogeneous expression differentiation across tissues and timescales suggests a complex evolutionary process involving major temporal changes in the way selection influences expression evolution in these organs.
Echoes of Silence: The Politics of Generational Memory in East Germany’s Literary Intelligentsia
Authors: Harsch Donna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article examines family memoirs and novels by children or grandchildren of East Germany’s literary founding generation. Written after reunification, this generational literature looks back on family life in the German Democratic Republic. It paints a group portrait of a distinct milieu in East German society and inside the Communist elite. Shaped by politics, habitus and social background, this milieu was stamped by German history, Jewish history and the history of Communism. A unifying thread runs through this family literature: intense generational dissonance stemming from parental silence about the Nazi past and the socialist present. In children’s memory, parents’ stories about exile clung to a narrative of victorious anti-fascist struggle and left out their suffering as Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe or as Communists in the Stalinist USSR. The article traces the postwar reverberations of silence about the past. Younger generations asked the founding generation who in the family survived, and how, and who did not survive, and why. How, they wondered, could parents condone socialist repression after resisting Nazi terror? Children confronted parental silence emotionally, culturally and politically, in a similar mode, the article argues, to the generational stance of 68ers in West Germany. In their discontent with anti-fascist parents, however, this group of East Germans shared the point of view of youth rebels in non-German Europe who challenged parents who opposed, not supported, National Socialism.
Agency and Mental Health Among Peruvian Older Adults During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Flores-Flores Oscar , Otero-Oyague Diego , Rey-Evangelista Lorena , Zevallos-Morales Alejandro , Ramos-Bonilla Gabriela , Carrión Ivonne , Patiño Vanessa , Pollard Suzanne L , Parodi Jose F , Hurst John R , Gallo Joseph J , Reynolds Rodney 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the experiences of older Peruvian adults living in urban areas of Lima under lockdown due to the National COVID-19 Emergency, this study analyzes how older adults (aged 60 and older) exercise agency while also living with the negative impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related control measures.

Methods
Between August and December 2020, our research team conducted a telephone-based, qualitative study, in which we undertook semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of low-income older adults living with chronic multimorbidities and limited resources. Forty older adults, 24 women and 16 men, with a mean age of 72 years, participated in the study. For data analysis, we employed thematic analysis with a predominantly inductive approach.

Results
Older adults demonstrated several forms of agency to regulate emotions, maintain crucial bonds, foster social relationships, and seek economic and food security. Older adults experienced entertainment and support by caring for pets, undertaking farm work, and practicing their religious beliefs. For several participants and their families, quarantine was an opportunity to strengthen family relationships and learn new technologies. Older adults and their families reorganized themselves to assume new roles and perform activities that improved self-worth and confidence, thereby improving their well-being and mental health.

Discussion
Peruvian older adults exerted agency in different ways to respond to and sustain their mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown. Policymakers should value and recognize the agency of older adults when planning future health responses.
Psychosocial Care Needs of Women with Breast Cancer: Body Image, Self-Esteem, Optimism, and Sexual Performance and Satisfaction
Authors: Montañés-Muro Pilar , Martínez-Tomé Marina , García-Manzano Guadalupe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As breast cancer is on the rise, it is essential to understand the consequences of the diagnosis for patients. This article investigates whether there are differences in different psychosocial variables in Spanish women with breast cancer according to the type of surgery the patients underwent and in comparison with a control group. A study was carried out in the north of Spain in which 54 women participated (27 women were the control group, and 27 women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer). The results of the study indicate that women with breast cancer have lower self-esteem and worse body image, sexual performance, and sexual satisfaction than women in the control group. No differences were found in optimism. These variables do not differ according to the type of surgery the patients underwent. The findings confirm the need to work on these variables in women diagnosed with breast cancer in psychosocial intervention programs.
Risk of Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B Reactivation in Patients With Crohn’s Disease on Ustekinumab: A Nationwide Real-World Study
Authors: Liu Rongbei , Li Zhilun , Ye Lingna , Hu Jing , Tang Jian , Chen Baili , Chen Xiuli , Tan Bei , Gu Yubei , Xie Chen , Ouyang Chunhui , Song Xiaomei , Li Fan , Fan Yanyun , Ren Haixia , Zhu Liangru , Chen Min , Jiang Wenyu , Cao Qian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Ustekinumab (UST) was approved in China for moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease (CD) in 2020. The prevalence rates of tuberculosis and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are high in China, and no guideline clearly states that tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis or prophylactic anti-HBV therapy should be prescribed before UST administration. This study aimed to assess the risk of tuberculosis and HBV reactivation in CD patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and previous HBV infection receiving UST.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective cohort study was carried out at 68 hospitals in China to assess 721 adult CD cases administered UST between May 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. CD and concurrent LTBI or HBV carrier were included. Hepatitis B serology, T-SPOT.TB, and tuberculin skin tests were performed at baseline. The primary outcome was tuberculosis or HBV reactivation.

Results
Patients with CD-concomitant LTBI or who were HBV carriers receiving UST therapy were retrospectively enrolled from 15 hospitals in China. A total of 53 CD with LTBI patients and 17 CD with HBV carrier patients receiving UST were included. Treatment and follow-up durations were 50 ± 20 weeks and 50 ± 15 weeks in the LTBI and HBV carrier groups, respectively. A total of 25 CD patients with LTBI underwent chemoprophylaxis and 28 did not. A total of 11 HBV carriers had antiviral prophylaxis and 6 did not. No patient experienced tuberculosis or HBV reactivation or liver dysfunction during follow-up.

Conclusions
UST was safe for treatment of CD because no patient developed tuberculosis, persistent hepatitis, or acute liver failure during therapy, whether with a prophylactic regimen or not, based on our sample size and limited follow-up time.
Nature in Focus: The Invisibility and Re-Emergence of Rivers, Land and Animals in Colombia’s Transitional Justice System
Authors: Ariza-Buitrago Isabella , Gómez-Betancur Luisa 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Harms resulting from a 50-year-old conflict in Colombia were out of all proportion. Clashes between organized armed groups, such as guerillas, army troops and paramilitary groups, resulted in countless human rights violations. The emergence, degradation and continuation of the war has shown that, beyond a clash of armed groups, the conflict was and continues to be underpinned by a ‘logic of dispossession, exploitation, and domination.’ In the shadows of the strife, non-armed actors, such as businesspeople, corporations and politicians, benefited from the war, and participated in land grabbing, forced displacement and the illegal possession of land that historically belonged to Indigenous People, campesino and afro-communities. Along with human bodies as the first territory targeted for dispossession, lands, rivers and animals were severely impacted. This article explains how the Colombian transitional justice architecture – anthropocentric and focused only on armed actors’ accountability – is ill-equipped to deliver justice and remedy for victims of corporate abuse and to properly address the harms against land, rivers and animals. This piece also reflects on the endeavours that both transitional justice institutions themselves and civil society at the domestic and international levels have made to effectively respond to the Colombian conflict’s systems of dispossession and, most importantly, to their victims.
Nipah Virus Bangladesh Infection Elicits Organ-Specific Innate and Inflammatory Responses in the Marmoset Model
Authors: Stevens Christian S , Lowry Jake , Juelich Terry , Atkins Colm , Johnson Kendra , Smith Jennifer K , Panis Maryline , Ikegami Tetsuro , tenOever Benjamin , Freiberg Alexander N , Lee Benhur 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is increasingly recognized as an ideal nonhuman primate (NHP) at high biocontainment due to its smaller size and relative ease of handling. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility and pathogenesis of Nipah virus Bangladesh strain (NiVB) infection in marmosets at biosafety level 4. Infection via the intranasal and intratracheal route resulted in fatal disease in all 4 infected marmosets. Three developed pulmonary edema and hemorrhage as well as multifocal hemorrhagic lymphadenopathy, while 1 recapitulated neurologic clinical manifestations and cardiomyopathy on gross pathology. Organ-specific innate and inflammatory responses were characterized by RNA sequencing in 6 different tissues from infected and control marmosets. Notably, a unique transcriptome was revealed in the brainstem of the marmoset exhibiting neurological signs. Our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of NiV pathogenesis in an accessible and novel NHP model, closely reflecting clinical disease as observed in NiV patients.
Trends in Adolescent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Parental Hesitancy in the United States
Authors: White Jodie L , Grabowski M Kate , Rositch Anne F , Gravitt Patti E , Quinn Thomas C , Tobian Aaron A R , Patel Eshan U 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in the United States, underscoring the importance of monitoring trends in vaccine hesitancy.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from the 2011–2020 National Immunization Survey–Teen were used to assess trends in HPV vaccination initiation among 13–17-year-olds, parental intent to initiate vaccination, and primary reasons for parental hesitancy.

Results
Among all sex and race and ethnicity groups, the prevalence of HPV vaccination initiation increased over time, but parental intent to vaccinate against HPV for unvaccinated teens remained consistently low (≤45%). Among hesitant parents, “safety concerns” increased in nearly all demographic groups, with the greatest increases observed for non-Hispanic white female and male teens and no change for non-Hispanic black female teens. In 2019–2020, parents of unvaccinated non-Hispanic white teens were least likely to intend on vaccinating their teens, and the most common reason for hesitancy varied by sex and race and ethnicity (eg, “safety concerns” for white teens and “not necessary” for black female teens).

Conclusions
Although HPV vaccination initiation increased over time, a substantial fraction of parents remain hesitant, and trends in their reason varied by sex and race and ethnicity. Health campaigns and clinicians should address vaccine safety and necessity.
“Citizenship Cheaters” before the Law: Reading Fraud-Based Denaturalization in Norway through Lenses of Exceptionalism
Authors: Birkvad Simon Roland 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor decades, fraud-based denaturalization was hardly used in Norway. In the 2015–2016 “refugee crisis,” however, the right-wing government decided to reinforce efforts to expose “citizenship cheaters.” This article asks how this decision emerged, what arguments the government articulated to legitimize this decision, and how parliament responded. I examine the Norwegian case by reworking Schmitt and Agamben's perspectives on exceptionalism. The executive desire to reduce naturalized citizens to “bare life” illustrates Agamben's logic of exception: their potential exclusion is inscribed in law. Yet, the analysis shows that exceptionalism does not necessarily lead to “bare lives”: denaturalization was mediated through legal, administrative, and democratic procedures. The opposition submitted proposals to tame the executive's denaturalization powers. In responding to criticism, the government relied on three different arguments to legitimize the decision: (1) moralizing and (2) criminalizing fraud, while simultaneously (3) de-politicizing the decision through hyper-legalism. Such reasoning does not suggest the collapse of law and politics, as Agamben envisions, but rather that states formulate exclusionary politics based on formalistic interpretations of law. The article concludes by problematizing Agamben's claim that we are all equally disposed to sovereign violence. I urge to take seriously social categories of difference in developing a political sociology of exceptionalism.
The Poetic as an Aesthetic Category
Authors: Kriegel Uriah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Poems are not the only things we sometimes call poetic. We experience as poetic also prose passages, as well as films, music, visual art, and even occurrences in daily life. But what is it exactly for something to be poetic in this wider sense? Discussion of the poetic in this sense is virtually nonexistent in the extant analytic literature. The aim of this article is to get a start on trying to come to grips with this phenomenon—the poetic as an aesthetic category that outruns poetry as an art form. It proposes an initial sketch of an account in terms of the fittingness of certain affective reactions to artworks and other things, reactions featuring notably elements of tenderness and elevation.
Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam efficacy, safety and probability of target attainment in adults with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia among patients with baseline renal impairment, normal renal function, and augmented renal clearance
Authors: Roberts Jason A , Nicolau David P , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Deryke C Andrew , Losada Maria C , Du Jiejun , Patel Munjal , Rizk Matthew L , Paschke Amanda , Chen Luke F 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the relationship between renal function and efficacy/safety of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam for the treatment of hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HABP/VABP) from RESTORE-IMI 2 and determine the PTA.MethodsAdults with HABP/VABP were randomized 1:1 to IV imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam 1.25 g or piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g every 6 h for 7–14 days. Initial doses were selected by CLCR and adjusted thereafter, as appropriate. Outcomes included Day 28 all-cause mortality (ACM), clinical response, microbiological response and adverse events. Population pharmacokinetic modelling and Monte Carlo simulations assessed PTA.ResultsThe modified ITT population comprised those with normal renal function (n = 188), augmented renal clearance (ARC; n = 88), mild renal impairment (RI; n = 124), moderate RI (n = 109) and severe RI (n = 22). ACM rates were comparable between treatment arms among all baseline renal function categories. Clinical response rates were comparable between treatment arms for participants with RI and normal renal function but were higher (91.7% versus 44.4%) for imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam-treated versus piperacillin/tazobactam-treated participants with CLCR ≥250 mL/min (n = 21). Microbiologic response rates were comparable between treatment arms for participants with RI but higher among those treated with imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam in participants with CLCR ≥90 mL/min (86.6% versus 67.2%). Adverse events were comparable between treatment arms across renal function categories. Joint PTA was &gt;98% for key pathogen MICs for susceptible pathogens (MIC ≤2 mg/L).ConclusionsPrescribing information–defined dose adjustments in participants with baseline RI and full dosing of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam 1.25 g every 6 h for participants with normal renal function or augmented renal clearance achieved sufficiently high drug exposures and favourable safety and efficacy profiles.
What Explains the Firm Size Distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa and Why Does It Matter?
Authors: Teal Francis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this issue of the Journal of African Economies we publish two papers concerned with the firm size distribution of manufacturing firms in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). One paper examines the changes in the firm size distribution for Ghana, Teal (this issue), the other for Ethiopia, Azmete et al. (this issue). This note is intended to introduce, and compare, the findings of these two papers and to place those findings in the wider policy debate as to what explains the performance of the manufacturing sector in SSA.
Clinical Validation of the sFlt-1:PlGF Ratio as a Biomarker for Preeclampsia Diagnosis in a High-Risk Obstetrics Unit
Authors: Miller Jessica J , Higgins Victoria , Melamed Nir , Hladunewich Michelle , Ma Liyan , Yip Paul M , Fu Lei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder defined by new onset of hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation. In part due to dysregulation of pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., placental growth factor [PlGF]) and anti-angiogenic factors (e.g., soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 [sFlt-1]), preeclampsia results in decreased placental perfusion. An increased sFlt-1:PlGF ratio is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. In this study, we evaluated sFlt-1:PlGF cutoffs and evaluated the clinical performance of sFlt-1:PlGF for predicting preeclampsia.

Methods
sFlt-1:PlGF results from 130 pregnant females with clinical suspicion of preeclampsia were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different sFlt-1:PlGF cutoffs and to compare the clinical performance of sFlt-1:PlGF to traditional preeclampsia markers (proteinuria and hypertension). Serum sFlt-1 and PlGF were measured using Elecsys immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics) and preeclampsia diagnosis was verified by expert chart review.

Results
A sFlt-1:PlGF cutoff of &gt;38 yielded the greatest diagnostic accuracy of 90.8% (95% CI, 85.8%–95.7%). Using a cutoff of &gt;38, sFlt-1:PlGF exhibited a greater diagnostic accuracy than traditionally used parameters such as new or worsening proteinuria or hypertension (71.9% and 68.6%, respectively). sFlt-1:PlGF &gt;38 exhibited a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.4% for rule-out of preeclampsia within 7 days, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 84.8% for predicting preeclampsia within 28 days.

Conclusions
Our study shows the superior clinical performance of sFlt-1:PlGF over hypertension and proteinuria alone to predict preeclampsia at a high-risk obstetrical unit.
Fine characterization and microbiota assessment as keys to understanding the positive effect of standardized natural citrus extract on broiler chickens
Authors: Cisse Sekhou , Bahut Muriel , Marais Coralie , Zemb Olivier , Chicoteau Pierre , Benarbia Mohammed El Amine , Guilet David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect and composition of a standardized natural citrus extract (SNCE) on both broiler chickens’ growth performances and intestinal microbiota. A total of 930 one-day-old males were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: a control treatment (CTL) in which broiler chickens were fed with a standard diet and two citrus treatments in which broiler chickens were fed with the same standard diet supplemented with 250 ppm and 2,500 ppm of SNCE, respectively. Each dietary treatment was composed of 10 experimental units (pen) of 31 broiler chickens each. Growth performances such as feed consumption, body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly until day 42. Litter quality was also weekly recorded while mortality was daily recorded. One broiler chicken was randomly selected from each pen (10 chickens/group) and ceca samples were collected for microbiota analysis at day 7 and 42. Chromatographic methods were used to determine molecules that enter into the composition of the SNCE. Results from the characterization of SNCE allowed to identify pectic oligosaccharides (POS) as a major component of the SNCE. In addition, 35 secondary metabolites, including eriocitrin, hesperidin, and naringin, were identified. The experiment performed on broiler chickens showed that the final body weight of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with SNCE was higher than those fed the CTL diets (P &lt; 0.01). Broiler cecal microbiota was impacted by age (P &lt; 0.01) but not by the dietary supplementation of SNCE. Results indicate that SNCE allowed enhancing chickens’ performances without any modulation of the cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. The characterization of SNCE allowed to identify compounds such as eriocitrin, naringin, hesperidin, and POS. Thus, opening new horizons for a better understanding of the observed effect on broiler chickens’ growth performances.