bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio-inspired variable-stiffness flaps for hybrid flow control, tuned via reinforcement learning
Authors: Nair Nirmal J. , Goza Andres 
Published: February 2023

A bio-inspired, passively deployable flap attached to an airfoil by a torsional spring of fixed stiffness can provide significant lift improvements at post-stall angles of attack. In this work, we describe a hybrid active–passive variant to this purely passive flow control paradigm, where the stiffness of the hinge is actively varied in time to yield passive fluid–structure interaction of greater aerodynamic benefit than the fixed-stiffness case. This hybrid active–passive flow control strategy could potentially be implemented using variable-stiffness actuators with less expense compared with actively prescribing the flap motion. The hinge stiffness is varied via a reinforcement-learning-trained closed-loop feedback controller. A physics-based penalty and a long–short-term training strategy for enabling fast training of the hybrid controller are introduced. The hybrid controller is shown to provide lift improvements as high as 136 % and 85 % with respect to the flapless airfoil and the best fixed-stiffness case, respectively. These lift improvements are achieved due to large-amplitude flap oscillations as the stiffness varies over four orders of magnitude, whose interplay with the flow is analysed in detail.
Conservation actions for the microendemic plant Grazielanthus arkeocarpus (Monimiaceae, Laurales)
Authors: Peixoto Ariane Luna , Peixoto Gustavo Luna , Almeida Thaís Moreira Hidalgo de , Gonzaga Diego Rafael , Lírio Elton John de 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGrazielanthus is a monotypic, dioecious and microendemic plant genus of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Its only species, Grazielanthus arkeocarpus, is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and comprises only one small population, in the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro State. Collaborative activities have been developed since 2013 to implement in situ and ex situ conservation actions for this species. Successful in situ planting has increased the number of individuals in its natural population. Ex situ conservation efforts have resulted in the cultivation of the species in two Brazilian living plant collections, and this will soon increase to three collections.
On function spaces equipped with Isbell topology and Scott topology
Authors: Xu Xiaoquan , Bao Meng , Zhang Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we mainly study the function spaces related to H-sober spaces. For an irreducible subset system H and
$T_{0}$
spaces X and Y, it is proved that the following three conditions are equivalent: (1) the Scott space
$\Sigma \mathcal O(X)$
of the lattice of all open sets of X is H-sober; (2) for every H-sober space Y, the function space
$\mathbb{C}(X, Y)$
of all continuous mappings from X to Y equipped with the Isbell topology is H-sober; (3) for every H-sober space Y, the Isbell topology on
$\mathbb{C}(X, Y)$
has property S with respect to H. One immediate corollary is that for a
$T_{0}$
space X, Y is a d-space (resp., well-filtered space) iff the function space
$\mathbb{C}(X, Y)$
equipped with the Isbell topology is a d-space (resp., well-filtered space). It is shown that for any
$T_0$
space X for which the Scott space
$\Sigma \mathcal O(X)$
is non-sober, the function space
$\mathbb{C}(X, \Sigma 2)$
equipped with the Isbell topology is not sober. The function spaces
$\mathbb{C}(X, Y)$
equipped with the Scott topology, the compact-open topology and the pointwise convergence topology are also discussed. Our study also leads to a number of questions, whose answers will deepen our understanding of the function spaces related to H-sober spaces.
A Modern-Day Florestan: Fidelio on Robben Island and South Africa's Early Democratic Project
Authors: PISTORIUS JULIANA M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 2004, Cape Town Opera mounted a production of Beethoven's Fidelio at the former apartheid prison on Robben Island. Sponsored by Den Norske Opera, and endorsed by the South African government, the production was presented as a celebration of the country's tenth year of democracy. This article investigates the vision of democracy performed by Fidelio on Robben Island and asks how it interacts with the founding principles of the new South African political order. Situating the production within the context of contemporaneous debates about cultural identity and representation in a democratic South Africa, I argue that Fidelio on Robben Island performed a legitimizing function designed to endorse the validity of the state and of opera as a democratic cultural form.
Why Rara Burns Judas during Lent: Rethinking the Origins of Catholic Elements in Haitian Culture from an Afro-Iberian Perspective
Authors: Dewulf Jeroen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUntil the 1980s, Catholic elements in Haitian culture tended to be interpreted exclusively in connection to the forced conversion of the enslaved population under French rule. This changed following John Thornton's groundbreaking research into the development of Christianity in early modern Africa—Kongo in particular—and the awareness that a significant number of enslaved Africans already identified as Christian before their arrival in Saint-Domingue. This article's goal is to go beyond Thornton's research by showing that we can acquire a better understanding of Catholic elements in Haitian culture if we start our analysis in late medieval Iberia. To illustrate this, the article focuses on one of Haiti's most enigmatic cultural traditions, known as Chariopié, Lwalwadi, or, most commonly, Rara. Although this performance has received abundant scholarly interest, questions relating to the origin of its Catholic elements have remained largely unanswered. This is regrettable considering that Rara parades follow the liturgical calendar of Lent and intensify in frequency during Holy Week. Moreover, a key element of Rara consists of the destruction of an effigy of Judas Iscariot, in accordance with the Biblical account of the Easter story. Using a comparative analysis, this article presents a number of remarkable parallels between Rara and late medieval Iberian Lent traditions. To explain these parallels, it claims that enslaved Africans who were familiar with Iberian practices prior to their arrival in the Caribbean established, by their own initiative, a network of mutual aid and burial societies modeled on Afro-Iberian Catholic brotherhoods.
Estimating the Meridional Extent of Adiabatic Mixing in the Stratosphere Using Age‐Of‐Air
Authors: Gupta Aman , Linz Marianna , Curbelo Jezabel , Pauluis Olivier , Gerber Edwin P. , Kinnison Douglas E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWave‐induced adiabatic mixing in the winter midlatitudes is one of the key processes impacting stratospheric transport. Understanding its strength and structure is vital to understanding the distribution of trace gases and their modulation under a changing climate. Age‐of‐air is often used to understand stratospheric transport, and this study proposes refinements to the vertical age gradient theory of Linz et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035199. The theory assumes exchange of air between a well‐mixed tropics and a well‐mixed extratropics, separated by a transport barrier, quantifying the adiabatic mixing flux across the interface using age‐based measures. These assumptions are re‐evaluated and a refined framework that includes the effects of meridional tracer gradients is established to quantify the mixing flux. This is achieved, in part, by computing a circulation streamfunction in age‐potential temperature coordinates to generate a complete distribution of parcel ages being mixed in the midlatitudes. The streamfunction quantifies the “true” age of parcels mixed between the tropics and the extratropics. Applying the revised theory to an idealized and a comprehensive climate model reveals that ignoring the meridional gradients in age leads to an underestimation of the wave‐driven mixing flux. Stronger, and qualitatively similar fluxes are obtained in both models, especially in the lower‐to‐middle stratosphere. While the meridional span of adiabatic mixing in the two models exhibits some differences, they show that the deep tropical pipe, that is, latitudes equatorward of 15° barely mix with older midlatitude air. The novel age‐potential temperature circulation can be used to quantify additional aspects of stratospheric transport.
Carbon Cycle Responses to Changes in Weathering and the Long‐Term Fate of Stable Carbon Isotopes
Authors: Jeltsch‐Thömmes A. , Joos F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe causes of CO2 variations over the past million years remain poorly understood. Imbalances between the input of elements from rock weathering and their removal from the atmosphere‐ocean‐biosphere system to the lithosphere likely contributed to reconstructed changes. We employ the Bern3D model to investigate carbon‐climate responses to step‐changes in the weathering input of phosphorus, alkalinity, carbon, and carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in simulations extending up to 600,000 years. CO2 and climate approach a new equilibrium within a few ten thousand years, whereas equilibrium is established after several hundred thousand years for δ13C. These timescales represent a challenge for the initialization of sediment‐enabled models and unintended drifts may be larger than forced signals in simulations of the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Changes in dissolved CO2 change isotopic fractionation during marine photosynthesis. This causes distinct spatio‐temporal perturbations in δ13C and affects the burial flux of 13C. We force a cost‐efficient emulator, based on the Bern3D results, with contrasting literature‐based weathering histories over the last 800 thousand years. Glacial–interglacial amplitudes of up to 30 ppm in CO2, 0.05‰ in δ13C, and ∼15 mmol m−3 in deep ocean are emulated for changes in carbonate rock weathering. Plausible input from the decomposition of organic matter on shelves causes variations of up to 10 ppm in CO2, 0.09‰ in δ13C, and 5 mmol m−3 in , highlighting the non‐negligible effect of weathering‐burial imbalances.
Association between cannabis use and blood pressure levels according to comorbidities and socioeconomic status
Authors: Vallée Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe associations between blood pressure and cannabis use remain inconsistent. The purpose of our study was to examine gender stratified associations of cannabis use and blood pressure [systolic, diastolic blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP)] levels among the general UK Biobank population based study. Among 91,161 volunteers of the UK Biobank population, cannabis use status was assessed by questionnaire and range as heavy, moderate, low and never users. Associations between cannabis use and BP were estimated using multiple gender linear regressions. In adjusted covariates models, lifetime heavy cannabis use was associated with decrease in both SBP, DBP and PP in both genders, but with a higher effect among women (for SBP in men, b = − 1.09 (0.27), p < 0.001; in women, b = − 1.85 (0.36), p < 0.001; for DBP in men, b = − 0.50 (0.15), p < 0.001; in women, b = − 0.87 (0.17), p < 0.001; and for PP in men, b = − 0.60 (0.20), p < 0.001; in women, b = − 0.97 (0.27), p < 0.001. Among men, lower SBP and DBP levels were observed with participants without dyslipidemia and lower PP in participants with high income levels. Among women, lower SBP, DBP and PP were observed with current smokers, moderate/low alcohol levels and participants without dyslipidemia. Current cannabis use was associated with lower SBP levels in men (b = − 0.63 (0.25), p = 0.012) and in women (b = − 1.17 (0.31), p < 0.001). Same results were observed for DBP and PP. Negative association between BP in men was found but not in women. The small association in BP differences between heavy users and never users remains too small to adopt cannabis-blood pressure public policy in clinical practice.
Nearly-freestanding supramolecular assembly with tunable structural properties
Authors: Caruso Tommaso , De Luca Oreste , Melfi Nicola , Policicchio Alfonso , Pisarra Michele , Godbert Nicolas , Aiello Iolinda , Giorno Eugenia , Pacilè Daniela , Moras Paolo , Martín Fernando , Rudolf Petra , Agostino Raffaele Giuseppe , Papagno Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and design of two-dimensional supramolecular assemblies with specific functionalities is one of the principal goals of the emerging field of molecule-based electronics, which is relevant for many technological applications. Although a large number of molecular assemblies have been already investigated, engineering uniform and highly ordered two-dimensional molecular assemblies is still a challenge. Here we report on a novel approach to prepare wide highly crystalline molecular assemblies with tunable structural properties. We make use of the high-reactivity of the carboxylic acid functional moiety and of the predictable structural features of non-polar alkane chains to synthesize 2D supramolecular assemblies of 4-(decyloxy)benzoic acid (4DBA;C$$_{17}$$

17

H$$_{26}$$

26

O$$_{3}$$

3

) on a Au(111) surface. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory calculations and photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate that these molecules form a self-limited highly ordered and defect-free two-dimensional single-layer film of micrometer-size, which exhibits a nearly-freestanding character. We prove that by changing the length of the alkoxy chain it is possible to modify in a controlled way the molecular density of the “floating” overlayer without affecting the molecular assembly. This system is especially suitable for engineering molecular assemblies because it represents one of the few 2D molecular arrays with specific functionality where the structural properties can be tuned in a controlled way, while preserving the molecular pattern.
A deep LSTM‐CNN based on self‐attention mechanism with input data reduction for short‐term load forecasting
Authors: Yi Shiyan , Liu Haichun , Chen Tao , Zhang Jianwen , Fan Yibo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNumerous studies on short‐term load forecasting (STLF) have used feature extraction methods to increase the model's accuracy by incorporating multidimensional features containing time, weather and distance information. However, less attention has been paid to the input data size and output dimensions in STLF. To address these two issues, an STLF model is proposed based on output dimensions using only load data. First, the load data's long‐term behavior (trend and seasonality) is extracted through the long short‐term memory network (LSTM), followed by convolution to obtain the load data's non‐stationarity. Then, using the self‐attention mechanism (SAM), the crucial input load information is emphasized in the forecasting process. The calculation example shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms LSTM, LSTM‐based SAM, and CNN‐GRU‐based SAM by more than 10% in eight different buildings, demonstrating its suitability for forecasting with only load data. Additionally, compared to earlier research utilizing two well‐known public data sets, the MAPE is optimized by 2.2% and 5%, respectively. Also, the method has good prediction accuracy for a wide variety of time granularities and load aggregation levels, so it can be applied to various load forecasting scenarios and has good reference significance for load forecasting instrumentation.
A new transformerless DC/DC converter with dual operating modes and continuous input current port
Authors: Okati Mustafa , Eslami Mahdiyeh , Shahbazzadeh Mehdi Jafari 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, a transformerless DC/DC converter is presented with dual operating modes buck–boost procedure. As a simple structure and continuous input current port, the system acts as a common ground between the output and input terminal. One operating mode, quadratic voltage gain ratio is D/(1‐D)2, and other mode is D/(1‐D). In the present study, the continuous conduction mode (CCM), steady‐state conditions were assumed to analyze efficiency and small‐signal modeling by replacing parasitic resistance effects. The findings revealed that in comparison with other buck‐boost converters, the two voltage gain ratios were provided with fewer components and lower total switching device power in dual operating modes. Therefore, proposed converter can attract considerable attention for renewable energy applications, especially photovoltaic systems. Ultimately, the experimental findings of a prototype made in the laboratory are provided along with the received waveforms from the simulation in PLECS for validation purposes.
A survey of sag monitoring methods for power grid transmission lines
Authors: Chen Yunfei , Ding Xiaolin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe transmission line is a fundamental asset in the power grid. The sag condition of the transmission line between two support towers requires accurate real‐time monitoring in order to avoid any health and safety hazards or power failure. In this paper, state‐of‐the‐art methods on transmission line sag monitoring are thoroughly reviewed and compared. Both the direct methods that use the direct video or image of the transmission line and the indirect methods that use the relationships between sag and line parameters are investigated. Sag prediction methods and relevant industry standards are also examined. Based on these investigation and examination, future research challenges are outlined and useful recommendations on the choices of sag monitoring methods in different applications are made.
Stochastic unit commitment for power systems with offshore wind farms towards frequency resiliency
Authors: Guo Jun , Zhang Jiechao , Zhao Tianyang , Qi Xiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo enhance the resilience of transmission systems with offshore wind farms before the advent of typhoons, a proactive unit commitment scheme is proposed. A novel scenario tree is proposed to quantify the uncertain impacts of typhoons on offshore wind farms, transmission lines, and system states, where the inertia support from offshore wind farms and random system state are in‐cooperated. The frequency security constraint is captured by a multi‐variative piece‐wise linear function, where the frequency nadir are simulated under varying inertia and disturbance combinations. The unit commitment problem is formulated as a two‐stage stochastic optimisation problem with nonlinear recourse. This problem is solved by a multi‐cuts Benders decomposition algorithm with finite iteration convergence property. Simulations are conducted on a modified IEEE‐RTS 79 test system with offshore wind farms. Results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model regarding the load shedding and frequency nadir enhancement.
Aberrant Expression of Rest4 Gene in Low-Functioning Pancreatic Beta
Cell Line
Authors: Yamato Eiji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRepressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (Rest) is not expressed in
pancreatic beta cells and neuronal cells. However, Rest4, a truncated form of
Rest, is expressed in high passaged MIN6 (HP-MIN6) cells, a pancreatic beta cell
line that lost glucose-responsive insulin secretion. Rest4 is also expressed in
injured MIN6 cells and isolated islets. Herein, the forced expression of
dominant negative form of Rest in HP-MIN6 cells was subjected to microarray
analysis of gene expression to investigate the role of Rest4 gene in MIN6 cells.
Furthermore, the forced expression of Rest4 gene in MIN6 cells was subjected to
microarray analysis of gene expression to investigate the function of Rest4 in
normal insulin-producing cells. The results showed that Rest4 inhibits cell
proliferation and DNA and RNA metabolism and stimulates secretory mechanisms and
nervous system gene expression. These findings suggest that Rest4 may act
defensively against cellular injury in pancreatic beta cells.
Dynamic offer creation for airline ancillaries using a Markov chain choice model
Authors: Wang Kevin K. , Wittman Michael D. , Fiig Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCustomers have become accustomed to a highly streamlined and personalized experience when shopping online. While tech giants such as Apple, Amazon, and Netflix are experts in using customer information and shopping context to deliver relevant offers, airlines are falling behind in this regard with their static content and one-size-fits-all retailing approach. To meet the growing expectations of their customers, the airline industry has expressed a vision for dynamic offer creation, which will allow airlines to dynamically bundle and price a set of offers that is customized to the context of the shopping request. Realizing this vision requires significant advancements in both distribution and science. On the distribution side, these advancements will come with the adoption of the New Distribution Capability. On the science side, which is the focus of this paper, little progress has been made despite years of research. In particular, airlines still lack a tractable scientific model to dynamically create and price offer sets at scale. In this paper, we present a novel approach to solve the airline dynamic offer creation problem using a Markov chain choice model. Our model displays attractive qualitative properties—the resulting offers and prices are chosen in such a way as to discourage purchases of unprofitable offers and nudge customers towards more profitable ones. Our model naturally proposes offers that are relevant to the customer, as including irrelevant offers in the offer set leads to a reduction in revenue and ancillary purchase rates. In a simulation study with two customer segments, we find that our model significantly increases ancillary revenue over a naïve, unsegmented pricing model that mimics current state-of-the-art practice. While our studies are conducted under several idealized assumptions, they demonstrate a substantial revenue potential from dynamic offer creation in both unsegmented and segmented applications.
Voices from around the world
Authors: Baigorri-Jalón Jesús , Ruiz Rosendo Lucía 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we provide an introduction to the volume. We will explain how multidisciplinary approaches, and thus multidisciplinary methodological tools, constitute the ideal way to fill gaps in the map and timeline of the history of interpreting. We highlight the cooperation between different scientific domains with which we share interests, without straying from the path of examining the existence of oral-gestural exchanges mediated by individuals (the “interpreters”). Such cooperation would speak volumes to the complexity of the encounters and of the settings in which interpreting takes place. Throughout the volume, history, sociology, cultural studies, anthropology, psychology and geography will, from their respective fields, contribute to the historical mapping process.
Interpreters of Mapudungun and the Chilean State during the 1880–1930 period
Authors: Payas Puigarnau Gertrudis , Ulloa Fernando 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During the second half of the 19th century, the Chilean military crushed the Mapuche resistance and opened their territories for the occupation of Chilean and European settlers and the founding of cities. This process implied profound changes in the indigenous society, now forced to interact in Spanish with the administration. Bilingual Mapuche or of mixed origin were key in this process, acting as interpreters.
Within this context of colonial domination and resistance and adaptation, we focus our attention on some families of interpreters and interpretation practices that can provide clues to understand the social, political, and linguistic dynamics while serving as indicators of the power relationships between languages and the groups that spoke them.