bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Preparatory Processes of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Doublet
Authors: Jiang Changsheng , Yin Fengling 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
On February 6, 2023, within a span of 9 hours, two significant earthquakes of Mw7.8 and Mw7.6 struck the southeastern region of Turkey and northern Syria, resulting in substantial loss of life and extensive economic damage. These strong events occurred in an area where multiple tectonic plates converge, characterized by a complex fault system, presenting significant challenges in understanding their preparatory processes. To investigate whether the preparatory process of the Mw7.8-7.6 earthquake doublet could be identified at a large spatial scale prior to its occurrence, we focused on the b-value, a parameter with clear physical meaning in the magnitude-frequency relationship. We examined the migration pattern of the relative background value difference Δb before the earthquakes. In our study, we employed a data-driven approach for b-value calculation and the Cumulative Migration Pattern (CMP) method to quantitatively measure the migration pattern. The results indicate an overall decrease in b-values in the study area prior to the main-shock occurrence, signifying an evident enhancement of crustal differential stress. Noticeably, distinct migration patterns emerged near the epicenters before the earthquakes, revealing the preparatory process of the Mw7.8-7.6 earthquake doublet and potentially aiding in identifying the location of rupture nucleation points. These findings are expected to provide valuable scientific insights for the prevention of similar destructive earthquakes in the future.
The role and mechanism of LARP7 in regulating the STING-dependent autophagy-lysosomal negative feedback loop in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Wang Ziming , Cheng Zheng , Duan Yixuan , Liu Chang , Zhao Sihai , Deng Jie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure in diabetic patients, and there is no specific drug for DCM. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of DCM and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Methods
Neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCMs) were isolated and cultured. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) models were established by high glucose (33 mmol/L) treatment. The knockdown/overexpression of LARP7 was achieved through adenovirus transduction, the overexpression of STING was achieved through plasmid transfection, and the inhibition of STING was achieved through C-176. Then, the expression, activation, and localization of STING and LARP7 in cardiomyocytes under different treatment conditions were observed, and the interaction between the two and the effect of this interaction on the STING-dependent autophagy‒lysosomal "negative feedback loop" were explored. In addition, the fibrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were evaluated.
Results
In this study, high glucose increased the expression and activation of STING in NMVCMs, which was accompanied by increased α-SMA and caspase3, and the degradation of STING through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway was suppressed. In addition, high glucose levels caused LARP7 to translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and interact with accumulated STING to inhibit STING degradation, whereas inhibiting STING or LARP7 expression significantly improved high glucose-induced myocardial injury.
Conclusion
Under high glucose conditions, LARP7 damages mouse cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the STING-dependent autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway. Targeted inhibition of LARP7 or STING expression may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DCM.
Factors affecting decision making of physicians to start prehospital blood product transfusion in blunt trauma patients – a cohort study of Helsinki Trauma Registry.
Authors: Jama Timo , Lefering Rolf , Lauronen Jouni , Handolin Lauri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Prehospital blood product use is increasing as a treatment for bleeding trauma patients. Triggers for starting transfusion in the field are less studied. We aimed to analyze factors affecting the decision of physicians to start prehospital blood product transfusion in blunt adult trauma patients.
Methods: Originally prospectively collected data from the Helsinki Trauma Registry from adult blunt trauma patients between March 2016 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared two groups: one with blood products available in the field and one without. Univariate analysis for the identification of predictive factors and multivariate regression analysis for their importance as predictivefactors forthe initiation of prehospital blood product transfusion wereapplied.
Results: There were 1652 patients registered in the database. A total of 556 of them were treated by a physician-level prehospital emergency care unit. Prehospital blood product transfusion (red blood cells and/or plasma) was started in 19.8% of the patients when available. We identified three statistically highly important clinical triggers for starting prehospital blood transfusion: high crystalloid volume need, shock index ≥0.9, and need for prehospital pleural decompression. No effect of prehospital blood product transfusion on patient outcome was found.
Conclusions: Prehospital blood product transfusion in blunt adult trauma patients is initiated in approximately 20%of the patients in Southern Finland. High crystalloid need, shock index ≥0.9 and prehospital pleural decompression are associated with the initiation of prehospital blood product transfusion, probably reflecting patients at high risk for bleeding.
Trial registration:HUS/234/2020
Quartz texture and the chemical composition fingerprint of ore-forming fluid evolution at the Bilihe porphyry Au deposit, NE China
Authors: Hong Jingxin , Zhai Degao , Keith Manuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Quartz is widely distributed in various magmatic-hydrothermal systems and shows variable textures and trace element contents in multiple generations, enabling quartz to serve as a robust tracer for monitoring hydrothermal fluid evolution. This study demonstrates that integrated high-resolution SEM-CL textures and trace element data of quartz can be used to constrain physicochemical fluid conditions and trace the genesis of quartz in porphyry ore-forming systems. The Bilihe deposit is a gold-only porphyry deposit located in the Central Asian orogenic belt, NE China. Four quartz generations were distinguished following a temporal sequence from early-stage dendritic quartz, unidirectional solidification textured quartz (UST quartz), gray banded vein quartz (BQ), to late-stage white calcite vein quartz (CQ), with the Au precipitation being mostly related to dendritic quartz, UST quartz, and BQ. The well-preserved dendritic quartz with sector-zoned CL intensities and euhedral oscillatory growth zones crystallized rapidly during the late magmatic stage. The relatively low Al contents of dendritic quartz were interpreted to be related to contemporaneous feldspar or mica crystallization, while the high-Ti contents indicate high-crystallization temperatures (~750 °C). The comb-layered UST quartz displays heterogeneous, patchy luminescence with weak zoning, hosts coeval melt and fluid inclusions, and retains the chemical characteristics of magmatic dendritic quartz. High-Ti and low-Al contents of UST quartz suggest a formation at relatively high temperatures (~700 °C) and high-pH conditions. Three sub-types can be defined for hydrothermal BQ (BQ1, BQ2, and BQ3) based on contrasting CL features and trace element contents. The Al contents increase from BQ1 to BQ2 followed by a drop in BQ3, corresponding to an initial decrease and subsequent increase in fluid acidity. Temperature estimates of BQ decrease from BQ1 (635 °C) to BQ3 (575 °C), which may, however, be disturbed by high growth rates and/or high-TiO2 activities. The CQ typically displays a CL-bright core and CL-dark rim with oscillating CL intensities and is characterized by the lowest Ti and highest Al, Li, and Sb contents compared to the other quartz types, which suggests a deposition from more acidic and lower temperature fluids (~250 °C). Trace element patterns indicate that a coupled Si4+ ↔ (Al3+) + (K+) element exchange vector is applicable to dendritic quartz, UST quartz, and BQ. By contrast, charge-compensated cation substitution of Si4+ ↔ (Al3+, Sb3+) + (Li+, Rb+) is favored for CQ. The comparison with compiled trace element data of quartz from other porphyry Au, Cu, and Mo deposits worldwide suggests that Ti, Al, Li, K, and Ge concentrations, as well as Al/Ti and Ge/Ti ratios, have the potential to discriminate the metal fertility of porphyry mineralization.
Thermoelastic properties of non-metamict zircon
Authors: Münchhalfen Marie , Schreuer Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The thermoelastic properties and thermal expansion of natural single-crystal zircon without detectable radiation damage were determined in the temperature range between 100 and 1650 K on five samples from Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Tanzania. Up to about 1500 K, the results are in excellent agreement and fully reversible. The average adiabatic elastic stiffness coefficients at room temperature in GPa are c11 = 426.8(6), c12 = 68.1(4), c13 = 152.0(4), c33 = 490.8(9), c44 = 113.1(2), and c66 = 49.0(1). Polycrystalline averaging for the aggregate bulk and shear modulus (Voigt-Reuss-Hill average) yields K = 229.3(4) GPa and G = 109.3(1) GPa. From 293 to 1573 K, the elastic stiffnesses soften almost linearly with the temperature coefficients in MPa/K: dc11/dT = –45.36(7), dc12/dT = –2.03(7), dc13/dT = –9.59(7), dc33/dT = –42.85(12), dc44/dT = –9.60(3), and dc66/dT = –2.19(1). Below room temperature, the behavior of the cij is nonlinear, with decreasing absolute values of the temperature coefficients. Above about 1500 K, a temperature- and time-dependent irreversible elastic stiffening accompanied by an increasing ultrasound dissipation was observed in all samples. These anomalies are interpreted to be the consequence of increased dislocation densities.
Zhengminghuaite, Cu6Fe3As4S12, a new sulfosalt mineral from the Zimudang Carlin-type gold deposit in southwestern Guizhou, China
Authors: Gu Xuexiang , Zhang Yongmei , Fan Guang , Li Ting , Dong Shuyi , Peng Yiwei , Zhang Yingshuai , Li Ling , Ge Zhanlin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Zhengminghuaite, ideally Cu6Fe3As4S12, is a new Cu-Fe arsenosulfosalt found in the Zimudang Carlin-type gold deposit in southwestern Guizhou, China. It occurs as irregular, commonly fractured grains of several to a few tens of micrometers in the brecciated gold ores and is paragenetically associated with the late ore-stage mineral assemblage, including realgar, orpiment, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, aktashite, christite, quartz, and calcite. Zhengminghuaite is opaque with a metallic luster and a conchoidal or uneven fracture. The Vickers microhardness (VHN10) is 219 kg/mm2 (range 192–247 kg/mm2), and the calculated density is 4.77(5) g/cm3. In reflected light, zhengminghuaite is whitish gray with weak bireflectance (whitish gray to pinkish tinted gray), very weak anisotropy, and no internal reflection. Electron microprobe analyses give the empirical formula (Cu5.92Hg0.08)Σ6.00 (Fe1.59Hg1.07Zn0.37)Σ3.03(As3.94Sb0.02)Σ3.96S11.93 on the basis of total cations = 13, with the simplified formula Cu6(Fe,Hg,Zn)3(As,Sb)4S12. Zhengminghuaite is trigonal, with space group R3. Unit-cell parameters determined from the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data are as follows: a = 13.5373(17) Å, c = 9.2354(13) Å, and V = 1465.7(4) Å3 (Z = 3). The eight strongest lines in the X-ray diffraction pattern are [d (Å) (I, %) (hkl)]: 3.0785 (67) (003), 3.0670 (100) (131), 2.6586 (89) (132), 1.8825 (97) (134), 1.8773 (82) (520), 1.6060 (89) (135), 1.6028 (81) (523), and 1.6012 (83) (261). The crystal structure of zhengminghuaite belongs to the nowackiite group and can be described as formed by (0001) layers composed of corner-sharing FeS4 and CuS4 tetrahedra that delimit two triangular cavities. Zhengminghuaite is the Fe-dominant analog at the divalent cations site of nowackiite (Cu6Zn3As4S12) and aktashite (Cu6Hg3As4S12). Paragenetic relationships indicate that zhengminghuaite and associated Hg- and Tlsulfosalts precipitated in response to the increase in sulfidation state and decrease in temperature of the late-ore stage hydrothermal fluid.
Lingual thyroid ectopia
Authors: Dolgopolov I. S. , Yusufov A. A. , Aleynik E. G. , Rykov M. Yu. 
Published: September 2023

The lingual thyroid gland is an abnormal mass of ectopic thyroid tissue visible at the base of the tongue, caused by an embryological anomaly in the development of the thyroid gland. Identification and symptom-adapted treatment of ectopia are important in preventing hypothyroidism and development of obstructive symptoms. Purpose. To present a case of lingual ectopia of the thyroid gland in a child with an incidentally diagnosed formation of the root of the tongue based on primary ultrasound diagnosis. Material and methods. A 7-year-old boy without clinical signs of hypothyroidism during a routine examination revealed a voluminous asymptomatic formation of the root of the tongue. Results. Along the midline at the root of the tongue there is a rounded, non-displaced, painless formation about 20 mm in diameter. Regional lymph nodes are not enlarged. The picture of ectopic thyroid tissue in the root of the tongue, in the absence of thyroid in a typical site on the neck. There is subclinical hypothyroidism with a TSH level of 12.8 mсME/mL (normal 0.6–4.84). The presence of ectopia was confirmed by scintigraphy with Technetium-99m pertechnetate. Normal TSH level of 3.37 mcME/mL and a reduction in the volume of ectopic thyroid tissue from 3.3 mL to 2.13 ml revealed 3 months after levothyroxine therapy at a dose of 50 mcg/day. Conclusion. Ultrasound exam with Doppler mapping is mandatory and allows not only to identify ectopic tissue, but also to identify the absence of thyroid in a typical anatomical area on the neck. The study of the hormonal profile and subsequent scintigraphy make it possible to make a final diagnosis, assess the function of the ectopic organ and determine the option of drug and/or surgical treatment.
Investigating optimal 2D hydrodynamic modeling of a recent flash flood in a steep Norwegian river using high-performance computing
Authors: Moraru Adina , Rüther Nils , Bruland Oddbjørn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Efficient flood risk assessment and communication are essential for responding to increasingly recurrent flash floods. However, access to high-end data center computing is limited for stakeholders. This study evaluates the accuracy-speed trade-off of a hydraulic model by (i) assessing the potential acceleration of high-performance computing in PCs versus server-CPUs and GPUs, (ii) examining computing time evaluation and prediction indicators, and (iii) identifying variables controlling the computing time and their impact on the 2D hydrodynamic models' accuracy using an actual flash flood event as a benchmark. GPU-computing is found to be 130× and 55× faster than standard and parallelized CPU-computing, respectively, saving up to 99.5% of the computing time. The model's number of elements had the most significant impact, with &lt;150,000 cells showing the best accuracy-speed trade-off. Using a PC equipped with a GPU enables almost real-time hydrodynamic information, democratizing flood data and facilitating interactive flood risk analysis.
Large-eddy simulation of free-surface turbulent flow in a non-prismatic channel
Authors: Zeng Rui , Li S. Samuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Hydraulic engineering applications require a good knowledge of turbulent behaviour in non-prismatic channels. This paper aims to predict turbulent behaviour using large-eddy simulation (LES). The model channel has a warped transition. We perform two-phase LES of free-surface flow and validate the results using experimental data and benchmark solution. We discuss rigorous strategies for model set-up, parameter selection and parametric value assignment, including parameters in spectrum synthesiser (SS) and vortex method (VM) for inlet turbulence. The predicted flow displays complex structures due to eddy motions translated from upstream and locally generated by asymmetrical separation in the transition. The history of the flow dynamics may affect the flow development. The predicted velocity, energy spectrum, root-mean-square error, hit-rate and factor-of-two compare well with measurements and benchmark solution. Mapping mean-velocity distribution from experimental data, combined with SS, gives satisfactory inlet condition; alternatively, a 1/7th power-law for the mean-velocity, combined with VM, is acceptable. This paper uses the Okubo–Weiss parameter to delineate instantaneous coherent structures. The LES methods are reliable, efficient and cost-effective. As compared to the simulation of prismatic channels, the flow dynamics in non-prismatic channels exhibit flow separation and turbulence interactions, which increase the flow-complexity, while offering results with crucial practical applications.
Dynamics of greenhouse gas fluxes and soil physico-chemical properties in agricultural and forest soils
Authors: Rubaiyat Ashik , Hossain Md Lokman , Kabir Md Humayain , Sarker Md Monzer Hossain , Abdus Salam Mir Md , Li Jianfeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Examination of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in soils is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate climate change. In this study, we investigated the GHG fluxes in agricultural and forest soils to explore the changes in soil GHG fluxes, and assess the relationships of GHGs with other physico-chemical properties. Results show that forest soils have a higher CO2 flux, while agricultural soils have a higher N2O flux due to fertilizer application and heterotrophic nitrification. Forest soils act as a CH4 sink, which are connected with increased porosity and decreased bulk density. In agricultural soils, CO2 and N2O were strongly linked with NH4+, soil temperature, pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, plant-available phosphorous, and microbial biomass nitrogen (mbN) but were negatively connected with bulk density and microbial biomass carbon (mbC). In contrast to CO2 and N2O, CH4 in agricultural soils exhibited inverse relationships with all physico-chemical properties. In forest soils, CO2 and CH4 were positively correlated with soil temperature and mbC, and mbN and N2O were negatively correlated with bulk density and pH. This study highlights the critical need to comprehend the complex relationship between soil physico-chemical properties and GHG fluxes for effective climate change mitigation.
Rapidly developed, optimized, and applied wastewater surveillance system for real-time monitoring of low-incidence, high-impact MPOX outbreak
Authors: Wong Chandler H. , Zhang Zhihao , Eid Walaa , Plaza-Diaz Julio , Kabir Pervez , Wan Shen , Jia Jian-Jun , Mercier Elisabeth , Thakali Ocean , Pisharody Lakshmi , Hegazy Nada , Stephenson Sean E. , Fang Wanting , Nguyen Tram B. , Ramsay Nathan T. , McKay R. Michael , Corchis-Scott Ryland , MacKenzie Alex E. , Graber Tyson E. , D’ Aoust Patrick M. , Delatolla Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Recent MPOX viral resurgences have mobilized public health agencies around the world. Recognizing the significant risk of MPOX outbreaks, large-scale human testing, and immunization campaigns have been initiated by local, national, and global public health authorities. Recently, traditional clinical surveillance campaigns for MPOX have been complemented with wastewater surveillance (WWS), building on the effectiveness of existing wastewater programs that were built to monitor SARS-CoV-2 and recently expanded to include influenza and respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in wastewaters. In the present study, we demonstrate and further support the finding that MPOX viral fragments agglomerate in the wastewater solids fraction. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the current, most commonly used MPOX assays are equally effective at detecting low titers of MPOX viral signal in wastewaters. Finally, MPOX WWS is shown to be more effective at passively tracking outbreaks and/or resurgences of the disease than clinical testing alone in smaller communities with low human clinical case counts of MPOX.
A synoptic assessment of groundwater quality in high water-demand regions of coastal Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumari Bhumika , Keesari Tirumalesh , Pant Diksha , Roy Annadasankar , Mohokar Hemant , Sinha Uday Kumar , Pant Harish Jagat 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

In this article, a coastal region of India having high water demand for irrigation supply was studied for its groundwater quality in temporal and spatial domains. The statistical tests (Shapiro–Wilk W and Anderson–Darling A) of the chemical data of over 100 groundwater samples of the study area indicate the non-parametric nature of the distribution. High concentrations of F− and NO3− ions above drinking water permissible limits were present in 12% and 28% of samples, respectively. Similarly, Cl– ion, and total hardness were higher while Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ ions were marginally higher compared to drinking water limits. Kruskal–Wallis (ANOVA) test results indicate that seasonal variations are not very significant among chemical species. Based on irrigation water quality indicators, groundwater samples fall under the excellent to doubtful category during premonsoon and permissible to unsuitable category during postmonsoon season. These inferences were verified by using the Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI). The spatial contours of the EWQI values clearly suggest that the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater is greater in the northern parts of the study area. Optimizing fertilizer application and effluent treatment can improve the groundwater quality thereby achieving sustainable groundwater management in this region.
Many-objective optimisation tool for the design of district metered areas in pumped water distribution networks
Authors: Sharma Aniket Nandkumar , Dongre Shilpa R. , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The establishment of district metered areas (DMAs) is a highly effective method to mitigate operational management difficulties and enhance the efficiency of water distribution networks (WDNs). There are several objectives associated with the DMA's design that are contingent upon the network parameters that are affected by its formation. Two previous studies considered DMA design as a three-objective problem (operational cost, average pressure and water age) and a four-objective problem (design cost, pressure deviation, resilience index (RI) and demand shortfall) for pumped and gravity networks, respectively. The problems were addressed through the implementation of a multi-phase DMA design methodology using the NSGA-II and NSGA-III optimisation tools, respectively. The present work builds upon previous research by simultaneously considering five objectives in DMA design (i.e. design cost, operational cost, RI, average pressure and water age) using the NSGA-III optimisation tool in pumped water networks. In this extended approach, the pump's role in meeting nodal demands eliminates the necessity of including demand shortfall as one of the objectives. The proposed methodology has been evaluated on two benchmark networks, demonstrating its capability to identify DMA alternatives and provide solutions based on user preferences. Finally, the obtained results are compared with the previous study's findings.