bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasites Associated with Open Markets Vegetables: Implication for Public Health Interventions in Ethiope East, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuella Daphey, Orerhime , Edwin Ito, Edore , Goddey Nmorsi, Onyebiguwa Patrick 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Vegetables have been reported to be a mechanical means of transmission of human intestinal parasites. This study is aimed to ascertain the association between parasites and vegetables sold in Ethiope East, Delta State, Nigeria.
Methods: Two hundred and seventy (270) vegetables were subjected to sedimentation and zinc sulphate floatation techniques for parasitic investigations.
Results: Of the 270 vegetables examined, 184(68.15%) were infected. Talinium occidentalis had the highest prevalence (9.26%), closely followed by Brassica oleracea and Daucus carota with a value of 8.89% and 8.15% respectively. The highest parasite prevalence was observed in Abraka (78.89%), followed by Eku (72.22%) and Okpara water-side (53.33%). Abraka had its highest prevalence in D. carota and Cucumis sativum with a prevalence of 11.11 and 10.00% respectively. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the contaminated vegetable (p > 0.05) but a considerable significant difference was noted in the market locations (p < 0.05). The highest percentage occurrence of parasites was Ascaris lumbricoides with a percentage occurrence of 23.49. The most prevalent parasites in Abraka were A. lumbricoides (45.56%) and Entamoeba histolytica (30.00%). There was significant effect (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of parasites (p = 0.0003; df = 6; F = 11.07) and markets locations (p = 0.0019; df = 2; F = 11.01). The Principal Component Analysis showed that the study locations positively influence the occurrence of parasites with Abraka location accounting for 95.99% of the total variance. The analysis further showed that A. lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura, and hookworm prevalence were strongly correlated to Abraka and Okpara water-side locations.
Conclusion: Given the public health importance of the parasites isolated, there is a need for improved environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and surveillance systems in vegetable transportation, storage and means of displays in Ethiope East and Delta State at large.
Indications for Cerebral CT in Neurological Emergencies in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Is There an Abuse?
Authors: Fadil A. , Lahmini W. , Bourrous M. 
Published: January 2023

The CT scan is a common tool in the management of pediatric emergencies, especially in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologies, since it provides rapid responses allowing vital decisions to be made. However, by giving an easy access to this kind of examination calls for caution. The advantages and disadvantages of the CT scan, particularly in the pediatric population, must be carefully assessed.
The polemic about the indication for brain CT and the increase possibility of its prescription motivated this evaluation of professional practices. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 205 patients for whom brain CT was indicated for a non-traumatic neurological emergency in the pediatric emergency department of the mother-child hospital of the CHU Mohamed VI of Marrakech, over a period of one year. The aim was to describe the conditions for prescribing brain CT, its indications and their compliance with international recommendations, as well as the CT results found and their implications on management.
Our study included 141 patients: 72 boys and 69 girls, with a mean age of 2 years and 3 months (45 days to 15 years) and a sex ratio of 1.04. Seizures were the main cause of consultation (50.4%), followed by headaches (12.8%), motor deficits and consciousness disorders, which represented 11.3% each. Neurological abnormalities were found in 28% of patients (11% hydrocephalus, 6% epilepsy, 4% psychomotor retardation, 3% central nervous system infections, 2% ischemic stroke, 2% intracranial tumors).
Indications for brain CT were dominated by seizures in 38%, HTIC syndrome in 19%, disorders of consciousness in 11%, and neurological deficits in 11%. More than half of the brain CT scans (58%) were considered normal. The CT scans showing abnormalities were related to sequelae or non-evolving pre-existing abnormalities in 25.4%, evolving pre-existing abnormalities in 10.2%, newly discovered abnormalities in 64.4%. Brain MRI was performed in 18% of cases. Among the patients with abnormal brain CT scans, 41% had required emergency medical or surgical intervention. These were intracranial compressive processes, stroke and complicated central nervous system infections.
In our context, we found that 75% of brain CT scans complied with international recommendations, whereas 25% were prescribed despite of the recommendations.
In the light of our study, we assume that the implementation of the guidelines taking into consideration the conditions of each care facility, as well as adapted training for the attending physicians, would help in personalized decision making in pediatric emergencies, and could improve the use of CT among the pediatric population.
Frequency of Scoliosis among School Going Students Carrying Heavy Bags: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Tassawur Misbah , Anayat Mehwish , Abbas Maria , Manzoor Urooj , Gull Moquddas 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Scoliosis is structural change that occurs in a diversity of conditions. Development of the scoliosis during time periods of rapid child growth may consequence in severe abnormality. This survey had the purpose to find out the scoliosis frequency among school going students with age 11-16 years and determine possible associations among scoliosis and bodyweight and the bagpacks weight.
Method: A Cross-Sectional study was conducted on 374 students with age of 11-16 years old boys and girls were having no abnormality or any MSK deformity was involved in the survey. All students were monitored by Adam's forward bend test and physical inspection test and for this purpose SRS-22r patient questionnaire was used. All data collected via a questionnaire which coded it into SPSS version 26. Data was constituted in configuration of bar charts, graphs and tables.
Results: This inquiry contains 374 participants, and means weight of students 43.83±11.98, and mean weight of bags 5.21±1.99. The frequency of scoliosis among respondents was 48.66%, 103(27.54%) students were suffering from right Scoliotic hump, and 79(21.12%) have left Scoliotic hump. The frequency of shoulder & scapular asymmetry 73%, uneven hips 19.7%, head deviation 50.8%, body overweight 1.9%, carrying immoderate heavy school bag packs material 4%.
Conclusion: The scoliosis frequency among the sample of school going students was high. The statistical analysis showed that scoliosis was positively correlated with weight of students with statistically significant (p=0.000). No association was found among frequency of scoliosis and bags weigh.
Designing Highly Conductive Sodium‐Based Metal Hydride Nanocomposites: Interplay between Hydride and Oxide Properties
Authors: de Kort Laura M. , Brandt Corstius Oscar E. , Gulino Valerio , Gurinov Andrei , Baldus Marc , Ngene Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSodium‐based complex hydrides have recently gained interest as electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries due to their light weight and high electrochemical stability. Although their room temperature conductivities are not sufficiently high for battery application, nanocomposite formation with metal oxides has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the ionic conductivity of complex hydrides. This enhancement is generally attributed to the formation of a space charge layer at the hydride‐oxide interface. However, in this study it is found that the conductivity enhancement results from interface reactions between the metal hydride and the oxide. Highly conductive NaBH4 and NaNH2/oxide nanocomposites are obtained by optimizing the interface reaction, which strongly depends on the interplay between the surface chemistry of the oxides and the reactivity of the metal hydrides. Notably, for NaBH4, the best performance is obtained with Al2O3, while NaNH2/SiO2 is the most conductive NaNH2/oxide nanocomposite with conductivities of, respectively, 4.7 × 10−5 and 2.1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 80 °C. Detailed structural characterization reveals that this disparity originates from the formation of different tertiary interfacial compounds, and is not only a space charge effect. These results provide useful insights for the preparation of highly conductive nanocomposite electrolytes by optimizing interface interactions.
Density‐Controlled Metal Nanocluster with Modulated Surface for pH‐Universal and Robust Water Splitting
Authors: Shao Xiaodong , Liang Mengfang , Kim Min Gyu , Ajmal Sara , Kumar Ashwani , Liu Xinghui , Jung Hyun Seung , Jin Haiyan , Cao Fengliang , Yu Jianmin , Tran Kim My , Ko Hyun , Lee Jinsun , Bae Jong Wook , Lee Hyoyoung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReducing the particle sizes of transition metals (TMs) and avoiding their aggregation are crucial for increasing the TMs atom utilization and enhancing their industrial potential. However, it is still challenging to achieve uniform distributed and density‐controlled TMs nanoclusters (NCs) under high temperatures due to the strong interatomic metallic bonds and high surface energy of NCs. Herein, a series of TMs NCs with controllable density and nitrogen‐modulated surface are prepared with the assistance of a selected covalent organic polymer (COP), which can provide continuous anchoring sites and size‐limited skeletons. The prepared Ir NCs show superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities than commercial Pt/C and Ir/C in both acid and alkaline media. In particular, the as‐prepared Ir NCs exhibit remarkable full water splitting performance, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at ultralow overpotentials of 1.42 and 1.43 V in alkaline and acidic electrolyte, respectively. The excellent electrocatalytic activities are attributed to the increased surface atom utilization and the improved intrinsic activity of Ir NCs. More importantly, the Ir NCs catalyst shows superior long‐term stability due to the strong interaction between Ir NCs and the N‐doped carbon layer.
Atomic‐Molecular Engineering Tailoring Graphene Microlaminates to Tune Multifunctional Antennas
Authors: Shu Jin‐Cheng , Cao Mao‐Sheng , Zhang Yan‐Lan , Wang Yu‐Ze , Zhao Quan‐Liang , Fang Xiao‐Yong , Yang Shu‐Hui , Qin Yong , Yuan Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtomic‐molecular engineering is an effective way to accurately tailor the microstructures and components of materials at the micro‐nano scale, which can be applied to flexibly manipulate their electromagnetic (EM) response. Herein, graphene microlaminates with multi‐layer structure are fabricated by atomic cluster engineering and oxidative molecular layer deposition for the first time. The microlaminates enable a tunable EM loss (from 0.93 to 3.94 for imaginary permittivity and from 0.17 to 0.25 for imaginary permeability) by changing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) cycles, and the attenuation constant reaches 160. On this basis, multifunctional antennas are conceived, achieving frequency‐selective response that enables steady harvest of > 90% of EM energy from signal source, and tactfully recycling waste heat energy and mechanical energy. This study will furnish a new horizon for information transmission and artificial intelligence in the future.
Modulating Electronic Structure of Atomically Dispersed Nickel Sites through Boron and Nitrogen Dual Coordination Boosts Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Fangqing , Zhang Rui , Zhang Yangyang , Li Ying , Zhang Jun , Yuan Wenhao , Liu Hui , Wang Fei , Xin Huolin L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtomically dispersed 3D transitional metal active sites with nitrogen coordination anchored on carbon support have emerged as a kind of promising electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the field of fuel cells and metal–air cells. However, it is still a challenge to accurately modulate the coordination structure of single‐atom metal sites, especially first‐shell coordination, as well as identify the relationship between the geometric/electronic structure and ORR performance. Herein, a carbon‐supported single‐atom nickel catalyst is fabricated with boron and nitrogen dual coordination (denoted as Ni‐B/N‐C). The hard X‐ray absorption spectrum result reveals that atomically dispersed Ni active sites are coordinated with one B atom and three N atoms in the first shell (denoted as Ni‐B1N3). The Ni‐B/N‐C catalyst exhibits a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.87 V versus RHE, along with a distinguished long‐term durability in alkaline media, which is superior to commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the Ni‐B1N3 active sites are more favorable for the adsorption of ORR intermediates relative to Ni‐N4, leading to the reduction of thermodynamic barrier and the acceleration of reaction kinetics, which accounts for the increased intrinsic activity.
Making In Vitro Tumor Models Whole Again
Authors: Wu Kenny Zhuoran , Adine Christabella , Mitriashkin Aleksandr , Aw Benjamin Jun Jie , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Fong Eliza Li Shan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs a reductionist approach, patient‐derived in vitro tumor models are inherently still too simplistic for personalized drug testing as they do not capture many characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor architecture and stromal heterogeneity. This is especially problematic for assessing stromal‐targeting drugs such as immunotherapies in which the density and distribution of immune and other stromal cells determine drug efficacy. On the other end, in vivo models are typically costly, low‐throughput, and time‐consuming to establish. Ex vivo patient‐derived tumor explant (PDE) cultures involve the culture of resected tumor fragments that potentially retain the intact TME of the original tumor. Although developed decades ago, PDE cultures have not been widely adopted likely because of their low‐throughput and poor long‐term viability. However, with growing recognition of the importance of patient‐specific TME in mediating drug response, especially in the field of immune‐oncology, there is an urgent need to resurrect these holistic cultures. In this Review, the key limitations of patient‐derived tumor explant cultures are outlined and technologies that have been developed or could be employed to address these limitations are discussed. Engineered holistic tumor explant cultures may truly realize the concept of personalized medicine for cancer patients.
Scalable Fabrication of Dual‐Function Fabric for Zero‐Energy Thermal Environmental Management through Multiband, Synergistic, and Asymmetric Optical Modulations
Authors: Yuan Hao , Liu Ruojuan , Cheng Shuting , Li Wenjuan , Ma Mingyang , Huang Kewen , Li Junliang , Cheng Yi , Wang Kun , Yang Yuyao , Liang Fushun , Tu Ce , Wang Xiaobai , Qi Yue , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolar heating and radiative cooling techniques have been proposed for passive space thermal management to reduce the global energy burden. However, the currently used single‐function envelope/coating materials can only achieve static temperature regulation, presenting limited energy savings and poor adaption to dynamic environments. In this study, a sandwich‐structured fabric, composed of vertical graphene, graphene glass fiber fabric, and polyacrylonitrile nanofibers is developed, with heating and cooling functions integrated through multiband, synergistic, (solar spectrum and mid‐infrared ranges) and asymmetric optical modulations on two sides of the fabric. The dual‐function fabric demonstrates high adaption to the dynamic environment and superior performance in a zero‐energy‐input temperature regulation. Furthermore, it demonstrates ≈15.5 and ≈31.1 MJ m−2 y−1 higher annual energy savings compared to those of their cooling‐only and heating‐only counterparts, corresponding to ≈173.7 MT reduction in the global CO2 emission. The fabric exhibits high scalability for batch manufacturing with commercially abundant raw materials and facile technologies, providing a favorable guarantee of its mass production and use.
Boosting Ferroptosis Therapy with Iridium Single‐Atom Nanocatalyst in Ultralow Metal Content
Authors: Cheng Junjie , Li Li , Jin Duo , Dai Yi , Zhu Yang , Zou Jianhua , Liu Manman , Yu Wenxin , Yu Jiaji , Sun Yongfu , Chen Xiaoyuan , Liu Yangzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanocatalysts are promising tumor therapeutics due to their ability to induce reactive oxygen species in the tumor microenvironment. Although increasing metal loading can improve catalytic activity, the quandary of high metal content versus potential systemic biotoxicity remains challenging. Here, a fully exposed active site strategy by site‐specific anchoring of single iridium (Ir) atoms on the outer surface of a nitrogen‐doped carbon composite (Ir single‐atom catalyst (SAC)) is reported to achieve remarkable catalytic performance at ultralow metal content (≈0.11%). The Ir SAC exhibits prominent dual enzymatic activities to mimic peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, which catalyzes the conversion of endogenous H2O2 into •OH in the acidic TME and depletes glutathione (GSH) simultaneously. With an advanced support of GSH‐trapping platinum(IV) and encapsulation with a red‐blood‐cell membrane, this nanocatalytic agent (Pt@IrSAC/RBC) causes intense lipid peroxidation that boosts tumor cell ferroptosis. The Pt@IrSAC/RBC demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy in a mouse triple‐negative mammary carcinoma model, resulting in complete tumor ablation in a single treatment session with negligible side effects. These outcomes may provide valuable insights into the design of nanocatalysts with high performance and biosafety for biomedical applications.
Insight into the Anchoring Effect of Two‐Dimensional TiX2 (X = S, Se) Materials for Sodium–Sulfur Batteries: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Zheng Yunxin , Wang Yanwen , Xiao Jianrong , Xu Liang , Dai Xueqiong , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a monolayer of TiX2 (X = S, Se) is used to suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides, thereby accelerating the kinetic process of lower‐order polysulfides. The results show that the adsorption energies of the studied TiX2 for Na2Sn are all better than those of common electrolytes, and the effect of adsorption on the structure of Na2Sn is negligible. The calculated results show that the anchoring behavior of TiX2 to Na2Sn has no effect on the metallic properties of pristine TiX2. On the other hand, the introduction of this material can reduce the diffusion barrier energy of Na2S and improve the utilization rate of sulfur more effectively. In conclusion, TiX2 has suitable adsorption strength, enhances electrical conductivity, and promotes the oxidative decomposition process of polysulfides. It can be theoretically demonstrated that TiS2 is better than TiSe2 in improving the performance of sodium–sulfur batteries and is more suitable as an anchoring material (AM) for sodium–sulfur batteries.
Flourishing Antibacterial Strategies for Osteomyelitis Therapy
Authors: Wang Xukai , Zhang Mingran , Zhu Tongtong , Wei Qiuhua , Liu Guangyao , Ding Jianxun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOsteomyelitis is a destructive disease of bone tissue caused by infection with pathogenic microorganisms. Because of the complex and long‐term abnormal conditions, osteomyelitis is one of the refractory diseases in orthopedics. Currently, anti‐infective therapy is the primary modality for osteomyelitis therapy in addition to thorough surgical debridement. However, bacterial resistance has gradually reduced the benefits of traditional antibiotics, and the development of advanced antibacterial agents has received growing attention. This review introduces the main targets of antibacterial agents for treating osteomyelitis, including bacterial cell wall, cell membrane, intracellular macromolecules, and bacterial energy metabolism, focuses on their mechanisms, and predicts prospects for clinical applications.
Molecular‐Layer‐Deposited Zincone Films Induce the Formation of LiF‐Rich Interphase for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Chang Shaozhong , Fang Jiabin , Liu Kai , Shen Zihan , Zhu Lin , Jin Xin , Zhang Xuejin , Hu Chaoquan , Zhang Huigang , Li Ai‐dong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLithium metal anodes suffer from low Coulombic efficiency and dendritic growth owing to an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which limit the practical applications of lithium metal anodes. Here, zincone (ZnHQ) is conformally fabricated on 3D copper nanowires (CuNWs) via a molecular layer deposition (MLD) technology. Upon polarization, the terminal oxygen of ZnHQ serves as a strong nucleophilic agent to attack Li bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, yielding a LiF‐rich SEI. This SEI facilitates the Li transport, shuts off the electron conduction, and inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites. In addition, the zinc atoms of ZnHQ induce favorable Li deposition owing to their lithiophilicity. These advantages enabled by MLD make the ZnHQ‐modified CuNW (CuNW@ZnHQ) an ideal Li metal anode, which demonstrates excellent cyclability. A symmetrical cell of CuNW@ZnHQ shows high cycling stability for more than 7000 h at the current density of 1 mA cm−2. When pairing with a Ni/Co/Mn ternary oxide cathode (NCM523), the resultant CuNW@ZnHQ||NCM full cell is cycled for 1000 cycles with a 90% capacity retention at an areal capacity of 3.2 mAh cm−2. The MLD technology brings new opportunities for next‐generation high‐energy Li metal batteries.
A generalized zoning framework for development of CFD‐based reduced‐order compartment models
Authors: Liu Guanyang , Wilhite Benjamin A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based compartment models have gained popularity as a cost‐effective alternative to full CFD modeling of complex mixing systems, model development involves significant trial‐and‐error efforts. This work presents a generalized zoning framework for the streamlined development of CFD‐based compartment models with detailed characterization of the reduced‐order representation of the flow physics. With a stirred tank as an illustrative case, reduced‐order model for species transport and heat transfer with turbulent flow is derived, followed by introducing the generalized zoning framework to demonstrate how a reduced‐order compartment model can be constructed based on a simplified CFD simulation. A test case of mixing two miscible thermal fluids is used to evaluate the CFD‐based compartment model. The results demonstrate that the proposed zoning framework exhibits an accurate representation of the CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and demonstrates capabilities of capturing species and heat transfer in turbulent flow systems with complex geometric configurations.