bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of perceived COVID-19 disruption, personality traits and risk perception in determining the investment behavior of retail investors: a hybrid regression-neural network approach
Authors: Manzoor Arfat , Jan Andleebah , Shafi Mohammad , Ashraf Parry Mohammad , Mir Tawseef 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study aims to assess the impact of personality traits, risk perception and perceived coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruption on the investment behavior of individual investors in the Indian stock market.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a survey approach. The sample comprises 315 active retail investors investing in the Indian stock exchange. Two-stage analysis technique regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were used for data analysis. Study hypotheses were tested through regression and ANN was adopted to validate the regression results.FindingsTwo regression models were modeled to test the research hypotheses. Findings showed that risk perception and COVID-19 disruption have a significant positive and neuroticism has a significant negative impact on short-term investment decisions, while the role of conscientiousness in determining short-term investment decisions was not found significant. Results also showed a positive impact of neuroticism and conscientiousness and a negative impact of risk perception on long-term investment decisions. The role of COVID-19 disruption was found negative but insignificant in predicting long-term investment decisions.Practical implicationsThis study has practical implications for many parties like retail investors, financial advisors and policymakers. This study will assist the investors to realize that they do not always take rational financial decisions. This study will suggest the financial advisors to use the knowledge of behavioral finance in making the advisors' advisory and wealth management decisions. This study will also assist the policymakers to outline behaviorally well-informed policy decisions to protect the interests of investors.Originality/valueIndia is one of the fast-growing economies in the world. India has a vast population of active investors and determining investors' investment behavior adds novelty to this study as developed economies have remained the main focus of previous studies. The other novel feature of this study is that this study tries to assess the impact of COVID-19 disruption along with personality traits and risk perception on investment behavior. The other valuable factor of this study is the use of ANN to predict the relative importance of the exogenous variables.
The influence of gender and social attention to gender equality on applicant acceptance into venture development programs: competing perspectives
Authors: Reutzel Christopher R. , Belsito Carrie A. , Collins Jamie D. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to add to the small but growing body of research examining the influence of founder gender on new venture access to venture development programs.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses were tested utilizing a sample of 482 nascent technology ventures which applied for admittance into a venture development organization headquartered in the southern region of the United States from March 2004 through February 2016.FindingsFindings suggest that female-founded applicant ventures experience a higher likelihood of acceptance into venture development programs than male-founded applicant ventures. Results further suggest that social attention to gender equality reduces this effect for female-founded applicant ventures. Findings extend the understanding of the gendered nature of high-technology venturing and venture development organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study may not generalize to new ventures operating in other contexts (e.g., non-U.S., low-tech, and other venture development programs). Additionally, this study's design and data limitations do not allow for the establishment of causality or address founder motivations to apply for acceptance into venture development programs.Originality/valueThis study adds to empirical findings regarding the influence of founder gender on new venture acceptance into venture development programs by developing and testing competing hypotheses. This study also extends extant research by examining the moderating effect of social attention to gender equality on the hypothesized relationships between founder gender and acceptance into venture development programs.
Director awards and board effectiveness
Authors: Baran Lindsay , Cheng Silu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe explore the impact of prestigious director awards on effectiveness in setting CEO compensation. Consistent with the positive announcement effect for firms with awardees, CEO compensation aligns more closely with shareholder interest and includes enhanced risk‐taking incentives for boards with awardees. The effect is most pronounced when the awardee is on the compensation committee or a committee chair, and results are robust to a 2SLS estimation using an instrumental variable based on connections to prior award winners. We find evidence that both additional prestigious board appointments and enhanced scrutiny of firms with awardees are channels for improvements in CEO compensation.
Patchiness caused by aphid herbivory and ozone events affects aphid's spread
Authors: Menendez Analia I. , Fernandez Sofia L. , Ghersa Claudio M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAphids exploit different patches that offer a favourable habitat during their life cycle. Continuous colonization of new patches is critical for the survival of these insect pests. We developed a mesocosm experimental system to study the effects of stress regimes on the colonization of plants by aphids. In the first experiment, we treated Eruca sativa Mill (arugula) plants with either low ozone (O3) (ambient air with no O3 added), elevated O3 (ambient air with O3 addition) or low O3 + Myzus persicae aphid feeding, with subsequent observation of natural aphid infestation over time. The second experiment consisted of aphid sources and differently treated aphid sinks. The aphid sources were also exposed to either low or high O3 levels. The colonization of the sinks was then monitored over time and distance from source. The infestation rate was increased if the patches had been recently exposed to aphid herbivory. On the contrary, aphids did not colonize patches that experienced a recent O3 episode. The patches of E. sativa plants without prior biotic or abiotic stress were colonized by aphids at the beginning of the experiment, but infestation was poor and most of the plants remained aphid‐free throughout the experiment. Aphids from control patches had a better chance of successfully disseminate on hosts with previous herbivory, and aphid spread from O3‐stressed plants was generally poor. Hence, the colonization risk for a generalist aphid plague will depend on the space–time arrangement between crop patches with different stress levels. Ozone contamination could have a negative effect on the spread infestation of aphids in annual crops, because of habitat fragmentation. Here, we present important information to understand how physiological traits of individuals can be scaled up to predict changes within populations in a scenario of climate change.
Recalcitrant cutaneous fungal infections—A growing problem
Authors: Koh Xuan Qi , Pan Jiun Yit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe incidence and prevalence of recalcitrant cutaneous fungal infections is on the rise. Terbinafine‐resistant Trichophyton has not only been widespread in India, but has also been reported in countries spread throughout the globe. Strains of yeasts such as Malassezia and Candida, which exist both as commensals and as pathogens to the human skin, have also been found to develop resistance to antifungals. Non‐dermatophyte moulds which can colonize and infect damaged nails are especially difficult to treat, not only due to resistance, but also because of poor drug penetration of hard keratin. Psychosocial factors such as the indiscriminate broad‐spectrum antifungal use in agriculture and in medicine, and poor adherence to hygienic measures to break the chain of infection contribute to the development of antifungal resistance. Such environments encourage fungi to develop various resistance mechanisms to withstand antifungal treatment. These include: (a) alteration of the drug target, (b) increasing efflux of drug/metabolites, (c) inactivation of drug, (d) bypass mechanisms or substitution of the pathway affected by the drug, (e) stress adaptation mechanisms and (f) biofilm formation. Understanding of such mechanisms and how they arise are crucial for development of new ways to prevent or overcome resistance. Novel antifungal treatments have recently been approved in the United States of America for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Ibrexafungerp (enfumafungin derivative) and oteseconazole (tetrazole) differ from their respective related drug classes of echinocandins and triazoles by having different structures, which lend these medicines advantage compared to traditional treatment by having a different binding site and more selectivity for fungi respectively. Other drugs designed to circumvent the known mechanisms of antifungal resistance are also at various phases of development. Concurrent measures at an institutional and individual level to address and limit inappropriate antifungal use to reduce development of antifungal resistance should be undertaken in a concerted effort to address this epidemic.
The effects of fire and stocking density on the unpalatable species Elytropappus rhinocerotis in Renosterveld vegetation in South Africa
Authors: Simons Megan , Samuels Igshaan , Morris Craig , Cupido Clement , Swarts Melvin , Knight Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNamaqualand Granite Renosterveld is a fire‐prone shrubland in South Africa and is dominated by Elytropappus rhinocerotis, an indigenous unpalatable shrub with encroaching properties. Using vegetation surveys, the study aimed to understand the effects of fire and grazing on the cover, density and plant species associations with E. rhinocerotis. Plant cover was unaffected by fire and grazing. Fire widened the range of densities of E. rhinocerotis, but grazing alone had no impact and thus cannot significantly promote E. rhinocerotis dominance. Stand density did not influence the species composition, which indicates that E. rhinocerotis neither competitively exclude nor actively facilitate other species.
Leadership experiences of bicultural business leaders: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Tan Alyssa Jean L. , Yap Lauren T. , Salud Elise Francesca L. , Teng‐Calleja Mendiola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing the lens of interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study explored the leadership experiences of bicultural business leaders in the Philippines. Semistructured interviews were conducted among 16 leaders in family‐owned, small and medium‐sized enterprises in the Philippines who are ethnically Chinese and have Filipino nationality. Findings focused on salient expressions of biculturalism in leadership, bicultural leadership challenges, and advantages. Most of the participants experienced fluidity in their expressions of Filipino and Chinese identities and how these manifest in the workplace. Challenges shared pertain to generational factors as participants assumed leadership roles through kinship, as well as relational challenges reflective of cultural nuances. The leaders view their being bicultural as having the “best of both worlds” as they have greater access to cultural information and a more holistic view of which values and norms to use in their leadership roles and in various social interactions. Fluency in communicating in Chinese and Filipino was perceived to enable effective interactions and facilitate trust building with their customers, employees, and suppliers. Implications focused on the need to consider biculturalism in leadership development programmes in educational institutions and organizations, especially with increasing bi/multiculturalism in workplaces.
‘But wait, that isn't real’: A proof‐of‐concept study evaluating ‘Project Real’, a co‐created intervention that helps young people to spot fake news online
Authors: Skipper Yvonne , Jolley Daniel , Reddington Joseph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs misinformation is one of the top risks facing the world today, it is vital to ensure that young people have the confidence and skills to recognize fake news. Therefore, we used co‐creation to develop an intervention (called ‘Project Real’) and tested its efficacy in a proof‐of‐concept study. One hundred and twenty‐six pupils aged 11–13 completed questionnaires before and after the intervention that measured confidence and ability to recognize fake news and the number of checks they would make before sharing news. Twenty‐seven pupils and three teachers participated in follow‐up discussions to evaluate Project Real. Quantitative data indicated that Project Real increased participants' confidence in recognizing fake news and the number of checks they intended to make before sharing news. However, there was no change in their ability to recognize fake news. Qualitative data indicated that participants felt that they had improved their skills and confidence in recognizing fake news, supporting the quantitative data.
Inter‐ and intracountry effects of the Covid‐19 pandemic on wages and economic growth
Authors: Afonso Óscar 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to investigate the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on technological knowledge, wage inequality, and economic growth, by proposing a Direct‐Technical‐Change model with two economies, an Innovative and other Follower. Six hypotheses are considered: (i) decrease in the unskilled‐labor supply, (ii) decrease in the absolute advantage of unskilled labor, (iii) decrease in the intensity of the unskilled sector, (iv) hypothesis (i) combined with a lower decrease in the skilled‐labor supply, (v) hypothesis (ii) combined with a lower decrease in the absolute advantage of skilled labor, (vi) all the variations previously considered. By comparing the steady states before and after the shock, we find an increase in the technological‐knowledge bias that favors the skill‐intensive sector, which positively affects the skill premium. However, in hypotheses (i) and (iv), the decrease in the relative supply of unskilled labor dominates the effect on the skill premium, which thus decreases. The economic growth rate is always penalized except for hypothesis (iii). Hypotheses (ii) and (iv) are undesirable because they increase wage inequality and penalize economic growth. Governments should support innovative activity, the engine of technological‐knowledge progress, and thus economic growth, but with caution not to exacerbate the skill premium.
The West African salt‐bearing rifted margin—Regional structural variability and salt tectonics between Gabon and Namibe
Authors: Pichel Leonardo M. , Legeay Etienne , Ringenbach Jean‐Claude , Callot Jean‐Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSalt‐bearing rifted margins comprise some of the most structurally complex and economically important sedimentary basin settings such as the South Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico salt basins. They are also involved with some of the largest uncertainties regarding the crustal and syn‐rift basin architecture and supra‐salt tectonic evolution, as well as the link between rifted margin architecture with salt deposition and post‐rift gravity‐driven salt tectonics. We thus conduct a margin‐scale study along nearly the entire West African salt basin, from South Gabon to Namibe, combining a vast data set of 2D and 3D seismic and well data with gravimetric and magnetic data to analyse its along‐strike rift and salt tectonic structural variability. We construct regional structural and thickness maps of key salt and post‐salt intervals to depict the history of individual margin segments and to investigate (1) how rifting and rifted margin architecture influences post‐rift salt tectonics evolution, (2) how these vary through time and space and (3) what are the controls between their different salt tectonic styles. We show that rifting and rift structures controlled the salt basin geometry, thickness and base‐salt relief in different ways for the different margin segments, and drastically influenced their post‐rift salt tectonic evolution. Differences in post‐salt sediment supply and continental uplift also had a role in their salt tectonic evolution. The results also have general implications to understand the interplay between rifted margin architecture with post‐rift salt tectonics for salt‐bearing rifted margins.
All‐cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes with sodium‐glucose Co‐transporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and with combination therapy in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Riley David R. , Essa Hani , Austin Philip , Preston Frank , Kargbo Isatu , Ibarburu Gema Hernández , Ghuman Ramandeep , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Alam Uazman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the relationship of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor analogues (GLP‐1RA) and their combination (SGLT2i + GLP‐1RA) with 5‐year risk of all‐cause mortality, hospitalization and cardiovascular/macrovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of 2.2 million people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin across 85 health care organizations using a global federated health research network. Three intervention cohorts (SGLT2i, GLP‐1RA and SGLT2i + GLP‐1RA) were compared against a control cohort (no SGLT2i/GLP‐1RA). Propensity score matching for age, ischaemic heart disease, sex, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and glycated haemoglobin was used to balance cohorts 1:1 (SGLT2i, n = 143 600; GLP‐1RA, n = 186 841; SGLT‐2i + GLP‐1RA, n = 108 504). A sub‐analysis comparing combination and monotherapy cohorts was also performed.ResultsThe intervention cohorts showed a reduced hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval) over 5 years compared with the control cohort for all‐cause mortality (SGLT2i 0.49, 0.48‐0.50; GLP‐1RA 0.47, 0.46‐0.48; combination 0.25, 0.24‐0.26), hospitalization (0.73, 0.72‐0.74; 0.69, 0.68‐0.69; 0.60, 0.59‐0.61) and acute myocardial infarct (0.75, 0.72‐0.78; 0.70, 0.68‐0.73; 0.63, 0.60‐0.66), respectively. All other outcomes showed a significant risk reduction in favour of the intervention cohorts. The sub‐analysis showed a significant risk reduction in all‐cause mortality for combination therapy versus SGLT2i (0.53, 0.50‐0.55) and GLP‐1RA (0.56, 0.54‐0.59).ConclusionsSGLT2i, GLP‐1RAs or combination therapy confers mortality and cardiovascular protection in people with type 2 diabetes over 5 years. Combination therapy was associated with the greatest risk reduction in all‐cause mortality versus a propensity matched control cohort. In addition, combination therapy offers a reduction in 5‐year all‐cause mortality when compared directly against either monotherapy.
Does the type of task affect prey discrimination learning in avian predators?
Authors: Kuklová Lucia , Jůnová Lenka , Kišelová Martina , Kuncová Aneta , Exnerová Alice 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen learning to discriminate between palatable and unpalatable prey, predators may encounter the prey either simultaneously or in a sequence. The two types of discrimination tasks, which are frequently used in experiments focused on aposematism and mimicry, may considerably differ in difficulty, as they differ in the information available to predators during individual encounters with prey. Surprisingly, there are very few studies directly comparing the performance of predators between sequential and simultaneous discrimination tasks using otherwise identical experimental design, the same predators and prey. We tested the effect of the type of discrimination task on the effectiveness of discrimination learning in adult and juvenile great tits (Parus major). Birds were trained to discriminate between palatable and unpalatable artificial prey items baited with mealworms soaked either in water or quinine. Prey shape, colours and patterns were derived from real shield bug species. We compared the performance of birds tested with two discriminative cues, colour and pattern, using three discrimination tasks: (1) sequential—alternating presentation of one palatable and one unpalatable prey item, (2) two‐choice—simultaneous presentation of one palatable and one unpalatable prey item and (3) multiple‐choice—simultaneous presentation of multiple palatable and unpalatable prey items. Colour was a more effective discriminative cue than pattern for both adult and juvenile birds. Adults performed better than juveniles regardless of task. The birds performed equally well in the sequential and two‐choice tasks, but their performance in the multiple‐choice task was worse than in the other two tasks. However, these differences were only present when the birds used the pattern as a discriminative cue. The birds tested with colour, a more salient cue, performed equally well in all three tasks. Type of discrimination task may therefore affect the learning performance of predators, but the effect also depends on the saliency of a particular discriminative cue.
Assessment of relationships between bullous pemphigoid and neurological diseases: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shen Shengxian , Chu Mengyang , Miao Haijun , Li Liang , Fang Hui , Li Xia , Zhu Zhenlai , Bai Yaxing , Chen Jiaoling , Zhang Jieyu , Shao Shuai , Dang Erle , Zhang Chen , Wang Gang , Qiao Hongjiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune vesiculobullous skin illness that tends to affect the elderly. Growing evidence has hinted a correlation between BP and neurological diseases. However, existing observational studies contained inconsistent results, and the causality and direction of their relationship remain poorly understood. To assess the causal relationship between BP and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) adopted independent top genetic variants as instruments from the largest accessible genome‐wide association studies (GWASs), with BP (n = 218 348), PD (n = 482 730), AD (n = 63 926), stroke (n = 446 696), and MS (n = 115 803). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, weighted mode methods, weighted median, and simple mode were performed to explore the causal association. Multiple sensitivity analyses, MR‐Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) was used to evaluate horizontal pleiotropy and remove outliers. With close‐to‐zero effect estimates, no causal impact of BP on the risk of the four neurological diseases was discovered. However, we found that MS was positively correlated with higher odds of BP (OR = 1.220, 95% CI: 1.058–1.408, p = 0.006), while no causal associations were observed between PD (OR = 0.821, 95% CI: 0.616–1.093, p = 0.176), AD (OR = 1.066, 95% CI: 0.873–1.358, p = 0.603), stroke (OR = 0.911, 95% CI: 0.485–1.713, p = 0.773) and odds of BP. In summary, no causal impact of BP on the risk of PD, AD, MS and stroke was detected in our MR analysis. However, reverse MR analysis identified that only MS was positively correlated with higher odds of BP, but not PD, AD and stroke.