bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hausdorff dimension estimates applied to Lagrange and Markov spectra, Zaremba theory, and limit sets of Fuchsian groups
Authors: Pollicott M. , Vytnova P. 
Published: December 2022

In this note we will describe a simple and practical approach to get rigorous bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of limits sets for some one dimensional Markov iterated function schemes. The general problem has attracted considerable attention, but we are particularly concerned with the role of the value of the Hausdorff dimension in solving conjectures and problems in other areas of mathematics. As our first application we confirm, and often strengthen, conjectures on the difference of the Lagrange and Markov spectra in Diophantine analysis, which appear in the work of Matheus and Moreira [Comment. Math. Helv. 95 (2020), pp. 593–633]. As a second application we (re-)validate and improve estimates connected with the Zaremba conjecture in number theory, used in the work of Bourgain–Kontorovich [Ann. of Math. (2) 180 (2014), pp. 137–196], Huang [An improvement to Zaremba’s conjecture, ProQuest LLC, Ann Arbor, MI, 2015] and Kan [Mat. Sb. 210 (2019), pp. 75–130]. As a third more geometric application, we rigorously bound the bottom of the spectrum of the Laplacian for infinite area surfaces, as illustrated by an example studied by McMullen [Amer. J. Math. 120 (1998), pp. 691-721].

In all approaches to estimating the dimension of limit sets there are questions about the efficiency of the algorithm, the computational effort required and the rigour of the bounds. The approach we use has the virtues of being simple and efficient and we present it in this paper in a way that is straightforward to implement.

These estimates apparently cannot be obtained by other known methods.
Differences in a Minor Archive: Feminist Activists and Scholars on Cohabitation
Authors: Leckey Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In an act of minor comparativism, this Article studies feminist writings on unmarried cohabitation from Canada’s jurisdictions of the common law and civil law. It examines activist texts and legal scholarship for and against regulating cohabitants. Reading the English-language literature from the common law provinces and the French-language literature from Quebec, it reports differences in substance, in emphasis, and in what is common sense. Differing approaches to ideas of freedom, autonomy, and choice run throughout. The Quebec literature shows disagreement between activists and scholars. Over time, that literature has moved towards the view in the common law literature. Lessons for comparatists relate to varieties of difference, the definition of legal sources, the asymmetrical role that legal traditions play in majority and minority contexts, and the limits of law in explaining differences. Given the unreliability of initial observations of difference and sameness, comparatists should read a broad range of sources with care and humility.
The Secret Nexus. A Case Study of Deviant Masons, Mafia and Corruption in Italy
Authors: Sergi Anna , Vannucci Alberto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper wishes to explore some characteristics of the relevant interconnections between mafias/mafiosi and masonic lodges/masons in the Italian context. The paper sets out to study these interconnections from a social science perspective rooted in sociological and neo-institutional studies of organised crime and mafias, but also in criminological approaches to social constructionism, in the form of symbols and narratives. We will present a case study to reflect on the roles that (deviant) masons can assume in contexts where both mafias’ and personal, political, or economic interests are at play. The case study shows how masonic alliances can augment networking and enforcing capabilities: we call this process masonic deviance amplification. Additionally, the case study confirms the constitutive power that narratives around the masonic world hold today in the Italian context.
Switching angle optimization and fault analysis of a multistring-multilevel inverter for renewable-energy-source applications
Authors: Savitha M , Nagaraja Rao S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a multistring-multilevel inverter (M-MLI) for renewable-energy-source applications has been proposed with reduced switch count and harmonics along with single-switch fault analysis for various levels. It requires only ‘m+1’ power switches for ‘m’ voltage levels. The proposed work achieves the fine-tuning of switching angles using a metaheuristic technique, i.e. the teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm (TLBOA), to mitigate the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the M-MLI. Furthermore, the proposed TLBOA has been compared with conventional modulation techniques such as equal phase (EP), half-equal phase (HEP), near-level control (NLC) and Newton–Raphson (NR) to verify the effectiveness of TLBOA for various voltage levels in terms of % voltage-THD (%V-THD), computational time and methodology. By fine-tuning the switching angles, the %V-THD is improved significantly when compared with EP, HEP, NLC and NR modulation techniques. For an 11-level single-phase M-MLI, the %V-THD using TLBOA at 0.91 modulation index (MI) is 5.051%. The lower-order harmonics, i.e. 5, 7, 11 and 13, are eliminated to improve the power quality. Furthermore, MLIs are often prone to failure, resulting in waveform distortion. The extreme reduction in power quality impacts the load and significant damage is likely. The location of the open-circuit fault to be identified becomes more tedious under the faulty conditions with increased switch counts and voltage levels since the mathematical modelling fails to address the scenario in less computational time. Hence, the machine-learning approach, i.e. support vector machine (SVM) with Bayesian optimization, has been discussed to locate the faulty switch. Finally, the proposed M-MLI configuration has been modelled, simulated and validated using MATLAB® and Simulink®. The results of the M-MLI configuration have been verified for 7, 9 and 11 levels using TLBOA along with fault analysis using the SVM approach.
Effectiveness of diabetes education interventions in rural America: a systematic review
Authors: Jarvandi Soghra , Roberson Patricia , Greig Jamie , Upendram Sreedhar , Grion Joelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the characteristics of recent studies on diabetes education interventions in rural areas and identify the relative proportion of studies with characteristics of interest that showed a reduction in glycated hemoglobin (A1C). A systematic literature search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed and PsychInfo, using keywords and Medical Subject Heading terms. Articles conducted in rural areas of the United States tested an educational intervention for people with type 2 diabetes, and reported outcomes were identified. A total of 2762 articles were identified, of which 27 were included. Of the 27 articles, most were implemented in the Southeast (n = 13). Of the 21 interventions that measured A1C, 10 reported a statistically significant decrease in A1C. The proportion of studies with a significant A1C reduction was higher for the studies that used telehealth/online, delivered by a collaboration between health-care professionals and lay educators or included family or group components. Only three studies included their criteria in determining rurality. Future diabetes education interventions may consider including family members or group sessions, holding online sessions and partnering with local resources. Additionally, stronger research methods are needed to test practical and effective interventions to improve diabetes education in rural areas.
RcbHLH59-RcPRs module enhances salinity stress tolerance by balancing Na+/K+ through callose deposition in rose (Rosa chinensis)
Authors: Su Lin , Zhang Yichang , Yu Shuang , Geng Lifang , Lin Shang , Ouyang Lin , Jiang Xinqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBasic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) proteins play pivotal roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the molecular and functional properties of bHLHs have not been fully characterized. In this study, a novel XI subgroup of the bHLH protein gene RcbHLH59 was isolated and identified in rose (Rosa sp.). This gene was induced by salinity stress in both rose leaves and roots, and functioned as a transactivator. Accordingly, silencing RcbHLH59 affected the antioxidant system, Na +/K + balance, and photosynthetic system, thereby reducing salt tolerance, while the transient overexpression of RcbHLH59 improved salinity stress tolerance. Additionally, RcbLHLH59 was found to regulate the expression of sets of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in RcbHLH59-silenced (TRV-RcbHLH59) and RcbHLH59-overexpressing (RcbHLH59-OE) rose plants. The RcPR4/1 and RcPR5/1 transcript levels showed opposite changes in the TRV-RcbHLH59 and RcbHLH59-OE lines, suggesting that these two genes are regulated by RcbHLH59. Further analysis revealed that RcbHLH59 binds to the promoters of RcPR4/1 and RcPR5/1, and that the silencing of RcPR4/1 or RcPR5/1 led to decreased tolerance to salinity stress. Moreover, callose degradation- and deposition-related genes were impaired in RcPR4/1- or RcPR5/1-silenced plants, which displayed a salt tolerance phenotype by balancing the Na+/K+ ratio through callose deposition. Collectively, our data highlight a new RcbLHLH59-RcPRs module that positively regulates salinity stress tolerance by balancing Na+/K+ and through callose deposition in rose plants.
Apparent jejunal amino acid digestibility, gut morphology, and the expression of intestinal amino acid transporters in pigs fed protein or free amino acids
Authors: Eugenio Francis Amann , van Milgen Jaap , Duperray Joël , Sergheraert Renaud , Le Floc’h Nathalie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDietary amino acids (AA) supplied as protein or in free form are not only digested and absorbed at different rates but can also induce differences in the intestinal physiology of pigs. We compared the apparent jejunal AA digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gene expression of AA transporters of pigs fed diets providing different forms of AA. Thirty growing pigs (33.7 ± 4.1 kg) were fed one of three experimental diets that provided AA either as protein from feather meal (INT), as free AA and small peptides obtained by extensive acid hydrolysis of feathers (HYD), or as a mix of individual purified AA with the same AA profile as HYD (FAA). Pigs were fed the same quantity of feed, energy, and AA. After 14 d, pigs were slaughtered 3 h after feeding a meal with indigestible markers. Digesta and tissue were collected from different sections of the small intestine. Jejunal digesta was used to measure apparent jejunal digestibility of AA. Samples of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were used to measure intestinal morphology and the gene expression of intestinal AA transporters. The measured apparent jejunal digestibility of AA of INT was lower compared to HYD and FAA (P &lt; 0.05). The apparent jejunal digestibility of Cys, Gly, His, Met, and Pro was lower for FAA compared to HYD (P &lt; 0.05). This may be due to the small peptides in HYD, which are absorbed faster than individual AA. The villi area in the ileum of HYD fed pigs was the highest (P &lt; 0.05) among the treatments, which may be associated with the reabsorption of endogenous proteins, which occurs mostly in the ileum. In the duodenum, HYD and FAA had lower expression of PepT1 (P &lt; 0.01) probably due to the rapid transit time of digesta compared to INT fed pigs. Pigs fed HYD expressed more ASCT2 (P = 0.02) and CAT-1 (P = 0.04) in the jejunum compared to the pigs fed the other diets. The expression of these transporters along the intestine depended on the relative abundance of readily absorbable dietary AA. Results showed that dietary AA form can have an influence on the morphology and on the expression of different AA transporters along the different sections of the small intestine.
The growth, respiration, and reproduction of crustaceans: a synthesis through the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT)
Authors: Pauly Daniel , Amarasinghe Upali S , Chu Elaine , Freire Kátia Meirelles Felizola , Vázquez Elsa , Butler Mark J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGill surface area (S) and respiration (R) in juvenile and adult crustaceans scale with their body weight (W) such that S ∝ R ∝ Wd, with d ranging mostly between 0.6 and 0.9, but always &lt;1, as in other water-breathing ectotherms (WBE). The growth of adult crustaceans therefore approaches an asymptote, whether or not seasonal growth oscillations are explicitly considered in the model used to describe that growth (e.g., von Bertalanffy growth function). On the other hand, the variation in asymptotic size (L∞ or W∞) among crustaceans is primarily determined by water temperature, which impacts on the oxygen requirements of WBE. Through multiple examples, this and related aspects of the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT), first developed for fishes and later extended to other WBE, are shown to also apply to the growth of a wide range of crustacean taxa. The GOLT also explains certain aspects of crustacean reproduction, such as the relationship between size at first maturity and maximum size, and, possibly, the feature that female crustaceans hold their eggs outside of their bodies instead of internally.
Trade Law 4.0: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Burri Mira 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
This article showcases the transformation of the regulatory topic of electronic commerce from trade law 2.0 (as the mere trade in goods and services online) towards trade law 4.0 (as the regulation of the data-driven economy). It traces the dynamics of digital trade regulation in the past decade in a complex geopolitical setting by looking at some broad trends, as well as at distinct regulatory models endorsed by preferential trade agreements (PTAs). The article then goes back to the multilateral forum of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and reveals how PTAs have worked as regulatory laboratories and asks whether their results can be translated to the WTO. The enquiry highlights the possibilities and the constraints of the multilateral forum in this context, as well as seeks to uncover both legal innovation and path dependencies in the global digital trade rule-making landscape.
Engagement with partisan Russian troll tweets during the 2016 U.S. presidential election: a social identity perspective
Authors: Rains Stephen A , Harwood Jake , Shmargad Yotam , Kenski Kate , Coe Kevin , Bethard Steven 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOperatives working for the Russian Internet Research Agency (IRA) infiltrated social media with the goal of disrupting the 2016 U.S. presidential election. We investigate how these operatives or “trolls” leveraged partisan political identities in discussing presidential candidates and parties on Twitter. Adopting a social identity lens, we conceptualize retweeting troll content as a form of identity performance and examine the message properties that led troll tweets to resonate among Twitter users. The findings highlight the importance of partisan trolls’ persistence in tweeting about candidates and parties as well as their discussion of the political outgroup and incivility in the form of name-calling. The results collectively indicate that Twitter users were sensitive to messages generated by IRA trolls and responded in a manner consistent with identity performance.
A Pilot Medic-based Assessment of the Novel Handheld LifeFlow Device for Rapid Infusion of Blood Products
Authors: Mongold Sarah M , Mancha Fabiola , Weymouth Wells L , Maddry Joseph K , Schauer Steven G 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Uncontrolled hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable death in the prehospital, combat setting. Treatment guidelines emphasize immediate hemorrhage control and early resuscitation with whole blood or blood products. Current methods for the delivery of blood products are often insufficient to provide trauma resuscitation. The novel LifeFlow device is a hand-powered device that can rapidly infuse fluids, including blood products. However, successful use of this device in the hands of the intended end user has not been demonstrated.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a pilot study to assess how quickly and effectively medics could set up the LifeFlow device and infuse mock blood products into a casualty. They were provided with a brief block of instruction (&lt;10 min) and the opportunity to handle the device. The time to set up the device and proportion of successful completion were recorded. Participants were surveyed regarding the use of the device including post-study interview.

Results
Forty medics, who were recruited and eligible to participate, completed the study procedures. All medics were able to successfully set up the device and perform the infusion. We had two instances of fluid leakage owing to malfunctions with the simulation arm, not the LifeFlow device. The mean time to device setup was 112 s (95% confidence interval [CI], 101-124). The mean time for infusion of 500 mL of fluid was 94 s (95% CI, 83-105). The mean time for all procedures was 197 s (95% CI, 178-213). On product feedback, they generally found it easier to use, easy to manipulate, possessing a useful grip, easily set up, and requiring minimal training.

Conclusions
The medics were able to reliably assemble and use the LifeFlow rapid infusion device. However, there were concerns about the packaging and the single indication for the device.
Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Onboard a U.S. Navy Hospital Ship Amid a Global Omicron Surge
Authors: Ramchandar Nanda , Slayden Tanner , Garcia-Rivera Jose A , Crouch Daniel , Gallagher Kia , Harris David , Lane Alison , Ha Lawrence , Halliday Megan , Ruano Eddy , Treiber Daniel , Quast Timothy , Feinberg Jeffrey 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We present a real-world experience of a U.S. Navy Hospital Ship deployed amid a global Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surge and the challenges of navigating policy while maintaining a mission-focused itinerary in an operational environment.

Materials and Methods
We performed a chart review of SARS-CoV-2 cases from April 18 to September 20, 2022, within a closed population of fully vaccinated adults onboard the USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) during the 5-month 2022 Pacific Partnership mission to Guam, Vietnam, Palau, Philippines, and the Solomon Islands.

Results
There were 123 total SARS-CoV-2 cases over the course of the mission, constituting 16.6% of the total crew (123/741). No more than 14 service members were actively infected at a given time (1.9%, 14/741). The average number of active cases at any given time was 0.8 (1.9 SD, 0.1% [0.8/741]), and just 14 of these were shipboard secondary cases. No significant operational requirements of the ship were impacted by infection-related manning shortages, there were no hospitalizations, and all infected members experienced full recovery.

Conclusions
Despite ongoing cases throughout the majority of the mission, a healthy immunized crew experienced no serious cases and minimal impact on operational effectiveness.
Escherichia Coli: What Is and Which Are?
Authors: Cobo-Simón Marta , Hart Rowan , Ochman Howard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Escherichia coli have served as important model organisms for over a century—used to elucidate key aspects of genetics, evolution, molecular biology, and pathogenesis. However, defining which strains actually belong to this species is erratic and unstable due to shifts in the characters and criteria used to distinguish bacterial species. Additionally, many isolates designated as E. coli are genetically more closely related to strains of Shigella than to other E. coli, creating a situation in which the entire genus of Shigella and its four species are encompassed within the single species E. coli. We evaluated all complete genomes assigned to E. coli and its closest relatives according to the biological species concept (BSC), using evidence of reproductive isolation and gene flow (i.e., homologous recombination in the case of asexual bacteria) to ascertain species boundaries. The BSC establishes a uniform, consistent, and objective principle that allows species-level classification across all domains of life and does not rely on either phenotypic or genotypic similarity to a defined type-specimen for species membership. Analyzing a total of 1,887 sequenced genomes and comparing our results to other genome-based classification methods, we found few barriers to gene flow among the strains, clades, phylogroups, or species within E. coli and Shigella. Due to the utility in recognizing which strains constitute a true biological species, we designate genomes that form a genetic cohesive group as members of E. coliBIO.
Trypanosoma brucei RRP44: a versatile enzyme for processing structured and non-structured RNA substrates
Authors: Cesaro Giovanna , da Soler Heloisa Tramontin , Guerra-Slompo Eloise Pavão , Haouz Ahmed , Legrand Pierre , Zanchin Nilson Ivo Tonin , Guimaraes Beatriz Gomes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rrp44/Dis3 is a conserved eukaryotic ribonuclease that acts on processing and degradation of nearly all types of RNA. It contains an endo- (PIN) and an exonucleolytic (RNB) domain and, its depletion in model organisms supports its essential function for cell viability. In Trypanosoma brucei, depletion of Rrp44 (TbRRP44) blocks maturation of ribosomal RNA, leading to disruption of ribosome synthesis and inhibition of cell proliferation. We have determined the crystal structure of the exoribonucleolytic module of TbRRP44 in an active conformation, revealing novel details of the catalytic mechanism of the RNB domain. For the first time, the position of the second magnesium involved in the two-metal-ion mechanism was determined for a member of the RNase II family. In vitro, TbRRP44 acts preferentially on non-structured uridine-rich RNA substrates. However, we demonstrated for the first time that both TbRRP44 and its homologue from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can also degrade structured substrates without 3’-end overhang, suggesting that Rrp44/Dis3 ribonucleases may be involved in degradation of a wider panel of RNA than has been assumed. Interestingly, deletion of TbRRP44 PIN domain impairs RNA binding to different extents, depending on the type of substrate.
Structural basis of DNA polymerase θ mediated DNA end joining
Authors: Li Chuxuan , Zhu Hanwen , Jin Shikai , Maksoud Leora M , Jain Nikhil , Sun Ji , Gao Yang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
DNA polymerase θ (Pol θ) plays an essential role in the microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks. However, the mechanisms by which Pol θ recognizes microhomologous DNA ends and performs low-fidelity DNA synthesis remain unclear. Here, we present cryo-electron microscope structures of the polymerase domain of Lates calcarifer Pol θ with long and short duplex DNA at up to 2.4 Å resolution. Interestingly, Pol θ binds to long and short DNA substrates similarly, with extensive interactions around the active site. Moreover, Pol θ shares a similar active site as high-fidelity A-family polymerases with its finger domain well-closed but differs in having hydrophilic residues surrounding the nascent base pair. Computational simulations and mutagenesis studies suggest that the unique insertion loops of Pol θ help to stabilize short DNA binding and assemble the active site for MMEJ repair. Taken together, our results illustrate the structural basis of Pol θ-mediated MMEJ.