bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Endoscopic versus Microscopic Ossicular Chain Reconstruction—A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Lim Chee Y. , Yeo Brian S.Y. , Goh Xue Y. , Ngo Raymond Y.S. , Loh Woei S. , Kwa Eunice D. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe efficacy of the transcanal endoscopic approach in tympanoplasty, cholesteatoma removal, and stapedotomy is detailed. This study reviews evidence on the feasibility of endoscopic ossiculoplasty as a suitable alternative to traditional microscopic ossiculoplasty.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 19 June 2024 for articles comparing endoscopic and microscopic ossicular chain reconstruction.Review MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcomes assessed include air bone gap closure, pre‐operative and post‐operative air bone gap, pure tone audiometry, and word recognition scores. The secondary outcomes include operation time, surgical success, and surgical complications. These outcomes between microscopic and endoscopic techniques were pooled and compared as mean differences using a random‐effects model. The Risk of Bias in Non‐Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐I) and Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB2) scale were adopted to assess for study bias in observational studies and randomized controlled trials, respectively.ResultsThis study included five studies comprising 504 patients. While endoscopic ossiculoplasty had shorter operating durations (95% CI −42.97 to −1.57), it conferred comparable air bone gap closure (95% CI −0.34 to 3.76), post‐operative pure tone audiogram (95% CI 10.97–18.77), and surgical success. Additional qualitative strengths identified in endoscopic ear surgery include improvements in visualization, decreased need for supplemental incisions, excellent ergonomics, and reduced post‐operative pain.ConclusionOverall, endoscopic ossiculoplasty may confer comparable audiological outcomes to microscopic ossiculoplasty and may serve as a reasonable alternative surgical approach. Laryngoscope, 2025
From historians to forecasters: The potential of bivalve records to assess resilience and provide early warnings for marine tipping points
Authors: Arellano‐Nava Beatriz , Boulton Chris A. , Reynolds David J. , Butler Paul G. , Scourse James , Lenton Timothy M. , Halloran Paul R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmidst the ongoing climate crisis, the need for observation‐based prediction of environmental tipping points becomes increasingly urgent. Detecting loss of resilience within a system can provide early warnings for tipping points. This requires long, regularly spaced time‐series, characteristics that are rare among marine observational and proxy records. Due to their remarkable length and temporal resolution, records from bivalve shells offer a unique opportunity for assessing resilience in the marine environment. Here, we investigate the suitability of bivalve records for measuring changes in two resilience indicators, autocorrelation and variance. We find that increment‐width records typically considered robust can provide reliable resilience assessments. However, while autocorrelation is a generally robust indicator for increment‐width series, variance may exhibit biases mainly associated with age‐related effects. This work provides guidelines for obtaining reliable resilience assessments from bivalve records, unlocking their potential to provide early warnings for tipping points.
Chiral‐Gain Photonics
Authors: Lannebère Sylvain , Fernandes David E. , Morgado Tiago A. , Silveirinha Mário G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis work presents an exploratory study of the potential applications of electrically biased materials that possess a nonreciprocal and non‐Hermitian electromagnetic response analogous to the electronic response of field‐effect transistors. The most distinctive feature of such materials is their chiral‐gain, meaning that their response can be active or dissipative depending on the handedness of the wave polarization. It is shown how the chiral‐gain can be harnessed to develop novel electromagnetic devices with unique properties such as chiral lasers, polarization‐dependent mirrors, and coherent‐perfect‐absorber lasers. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that materials with chiral‐gain can bypass a reciprocity constraint that typically limits the external coupling strength, thus facilitating the excitation of cavities with extremely large quality factors.
Antimicrobial Silicon Rubber Crosslinked with Bornyl‐Siloxane
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Songtao , Chen Xinyu , Xie Zixu , Zhang Pengfei , Bu Fanqiang , Huang Lifei , Zhao Dongdong , Wang Yuanhang , Liu Fang , Xie Wensheng , Li Guofeng , Wang Xing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSilicone rubber (SiR) has a wide range of medical applications, but it lacks antimicrobial properties, leading to potential infection issues with related implants or medical devices. Most studies focus on adding anti‐bacterial agents or surface modification, which usually result in composites with anti‐bacterial properties, rather than synthesizing SiR with intrinsically antimicrobial performances. To tackle this issue, a double substituted bornyl‐siloxane crosslinker (BC) is designed. This crosslinker can react with hydroxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at room temperature to yield SiR with borneol side groups. The process is simple without using additional solvents. Antimicrobial assay on SiR cured with different ratios of BC/PDMS showed that 20 wt.% BC cross‐linked network exhibited outstanding anti‐bacterial adhesion (Escherichia coli 99.4%, Staphylococcus aureus 97.3%) performance and long‐lasting anti‐mold (Aspergillus niger over 99% for 30 days) adhesion properties. Moreover, the subcutaneous implantation model in mice demonstrated its excellent anti‐infection, biocompatibility and safety. Therefore, this material is promising for widespread adoption in the medical field, especially in silicon‐based products or coatings.
Direct Click Bonding of Dissimilar Solid Materials Based on the Catalyst‐Free Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Kanki Yusuke , Miyahara Koki , Yamamoto Shota , Ogawa Keiji , Kanemitsu Sayuki , Sakai Rika , Amo Hikaru , Morita Kenta , Nishino Takashi , Maruyama Tatsuo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHere, “direct click bonding” of solid materials is proposed, which is the direct bonding of solid surfaces via the formation of covalent bonds without any adhesive. The present study shows that the Cu‐free Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction proceeds between solid surfaces displaying cyclooctyne and azide groups, and it achieved the strong bonding of dissimilar solid materials as a macroscopic reaction. The bonding strength obtained is sufficiently high for practical use, and the strength can be controlled by the surface density of the cyclooctyne groups. The click bonding reaction proceeds at ambient temperature in water, an organic solvent, air, and vacuum without a catalyst or a byproduct. The bonding strength is kept more than 2 years. The click bonding works for different types of substrate materials as long as alkyne and azide groups are displayed on their surfaces. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements provide an evidence that the Cu‐free Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction proceeds between the solid surfaces through the click bonding.
Nicotine dependence based on the tobacco dependence screener among heated tobacco products users in Japan, 2022–2023: The JASTIS study
Authors: Kitajima Takuma , Hisamatsu Takashi , Kanda Hideyuki , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHeated tobacco products (HTPs) are nicotine‐containing products similar to cigarettes and are widely used in Japan. However, there has been insufficient research on nicotine dependence associated with HTP use. This study investigated the association of the types of individuals who smoked with the prevalence of nicotine dependence. We utilized data from the Japan Survey on Tobacco and Health (JASTIS). A total of 7969 participants who currently smokes was selected from the 2022 and 2023 survey respondents for the analysis. Nicotine dependence was defined as a score of 5 or higher on the Tobacco Dependence Screener (TDS). The prevalence of nicotine dependence was 43.0% (3473/8077) among all participants who smoked, 42.9% (1479/3447) among those who used cigarettes, 44.2% (760/1720) among those who used two products, and 43.0% (1206/2802) among those who used HTPs. The prevalence of nicotine dependence was statistically higher in the participants who used two products than in cigarettes (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.33). When classified by temperature, participants who used of two products (high‐temp and low‐temp) and those using participants who used HTPs (high‐temp) had higher ORs for prevalent nicotine dependence (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.14–1.51]) and (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.00–1.25], respectively) compared to participants who used cigarettes. Additionally, the ORs for prevalent nicotine dependence increased with the number of tobacco sticks smoked per day. These results suggest that HTP use, particularly high‐temperature HTPs use, and a higher number of tobacco sticks smoked is associated with nicotine dependence.
Gender Differences in the Effects of Trust on Substance Abuse Severity Among Incarcerated Stimulant Offenders in Japan
Authors: Omiya Soichiro , Shimane Takuya , Takagishi Yuriko , Kondo Ayumi , Kobayashi Michiko , Takahashi Masaru , Otomo Marie , Nakazawa Ayako , Matsumoto Toshihiko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTreatment of stimulant offenders in Japan is an urgent issue. One of the more recent support approaches for stimulant offenders in Japan is to understand and support them based on a self‐medication hypothesis; however, the effect of trust on substance abuse severity among incarcerated stimulant offenders has not been examined. Additionally, while accounting for gender differences is essential when providing support for them, these differences have not also been examined.PurposeTo investigate gender differences in the effect of trust on substance abuse severity in a national sample of stimulant offenders in Japanese prisons.MethodData from 586 incarcerated stimulant offenders who answered a nationwide questionnaire were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the association between trust and the severity of substance abuse.ResultsCompared with men, women reported lower trust in others; moreover, their distrust in others and substance abuse severity were greater. After controlling for confounding factors, multiple regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women, with trust as the independent variable and substance abuse severity as the dependent variable. The models for both men (R2 = 0.180, p < 0.001) and women (R2 = 0.236, p < 0.001) were significant. Trust in oneself influenced drug dependence severity for men (β = −0.183, p < 0.01), whereas distrust in others influenced drug dependence severity for women (β = 0.185, p < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest that gender differences must be considered when supporting stimulant offenders in prison.
Holiday Weight Change in a US College Student Sample: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Yoo Hannah B. , Bigham Casen , Basu Tanisha , Akter Sharmin , Tsai Tiffany , Brown Alexis , Kiros Sara , Durai Shruthi , Brown Claire , Binks Martin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe November through January holiday period is often thought to produce weight gain, coined “holiday weight gain.” While this trend has been documented among early to midlife adults, it is less certain whether college students experience similar levels of weight gain during this period, as they undergo lifestyle changes (e.g., returning to their families of origin) that may differ from adults at later stages of development. Thus, the primary aim of the current study was to determine body weight and body composition changes during the holiday season in college students. The secondary aim was to examine the association of psychosocial variables with primary outcomes.MethodsParticipants included 47 undergraduate students. Body weight, body composition, and psychosocial variables were measured prior to Thanksgiving break and after returning from December to January break. Differences in body weight and body composition variables were determined using paired‐sample t‐tests. Associations of psychosocial variables with changes in primary outcomes were determined by Spearman's correlation coefficients and linear regressions.ResultsOn average, college students experienced a 1.08% increase in body weight between study visit 1 in November and study visit 2 in January (0.74 ± 1.81 kg; p = 0.02). Lean mass increased (1.49 ± 3.21 kg; p = 0.01), while body fat % did not change (p = 0.12). Psychosocial variables were not significantly associated with or predictive of changes in body weight or body fat % (p's > 0.05).ConclusionsCollege students gained a small, yet significant, amount of weight over the holiday period. Weight gain occurred alongside increases in lean mass but not body fat. Results provide important context to previous findings observing weight gain in college students and adults over the holiday season. Specifically, findings indicate a healthy increase in lean mass—a potential promotive factor in optimal health and wellbeing.
Long‐Term Weight Loss Outcomes in a Virtual Weight Care Clinic Prescribing a Broad Range of Medications Alongside Behavior Change
Authors: Clark Jennifer M. , Smith Brooke J. , Juusola Jessie L. , Kumar Rekha B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVirtually‐delivered obesity care has the potential to increase access to weight loss interventions at scale. While there is ample literature assessing various weight loss interventions, studies specifically demonstrating outcomes of commercial programs offering antiobesity medications in virtual care settings are lacking.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study assessed the weight loss outcomes of 66,094 participants in a virtual weight care program that prescribes antiobesity medications alongside a digital behavior change program. Outcomes included the primary endpoint of percent weight loss at 12 months, as well as absolute change in body weight, change in body mass index (BMI), categorical weight loss at three, six, and 12 months, and stratifications by program engagement and medication type (first vs. second generation antiobesity medications).ResultsAt program enrollment, members were on average 42.6 years old and 91.5% female, with a BMI of 36.0 kg/m2. At 12 months, the mean percent weight loss was 8.0%, with weight loss increasing over time from 2.9 kg (SD = 3.7, Cohen's d = 0.8) at 3 months, to 5.8 kg (SD = 6.1, Cohen's d = 0.9) at 6 months, to 8.0 kg (SD = 8.7, Cohen's d = 0.9) at 12 months (p < 0.001 for all time points). At 12 months, 64.2% had achieved ≥ 5% weight loss. Weight loss outcomes increased with program engagement. At 12 months, those engaging at least once weekly lost 10.0% of body weight, while those logging weight at least weekly lost 12.0%.ConclusionThis study provides real‐world evidence that users of a virtual commercial weight care clinic who were prescribed antiobesity medications achieved clinically significant weight loss at six and 12 months. These findings support the value of virtual platforms in efficiently scaling access to high‐quality weight care.
Piezoelectric Polymer Characterization Setup for Active Energy Harvesting
Authors: Cédric Lapeyronie , Anis Kaci , Sophie Barrau , Frédéric Giraud 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPiezoelectric polymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), offer a sustainable alternative to traditional ceramic‐based energy harvesters, addressing concerns regarding environmental impact and resource scarcity. The energy harvesting ability of these PVDFs under various mechanical constraints has been widely investigated. To determine the power output of the material, most of the studies usually use the same electrical setup: the piezoelectric material is in series with a load resistor and the voltage is measured at the resistor's terminals. This usual “passive” method of measurement can underestimate the optimal value of energy harvesting ability. To accurately assess the energy harvesting potential of PVDF, a novel “active” measurement method is proposed. This method involves the simultaneous application of both mechanical and electrical stimuli to the PVDF film, enabling precise control and optimization of the energy harvesting process. To validate this approach, the structural and electrical properties of the stretched PVDF were initially characterized to produce a datasheet. Subsequently, the energy harvesting performance was investigated using both “passive” and “active” methods. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in power output, with the “active” method yielding up to 3.2 times higher values compared with the “passive” method. This finding highlights the importance of employing advanced measurement techniques to accurately characterize the energy harvesting capabilities of piezoelectric materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels to Removal Ionic Dyes and Their Biodegaration
Authors: Helal Ismail M. , Ahmed Sami Benhadj , Abdulrahim Mohamed Ragab 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHydrogels from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), chitosan (CS) were syntheised via gamma irradiation at different radaition dose; 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 kGy. The syntheized hydrogels were chataerized by gelation (%), swelling (%), XRD, and SEM to confirm the hydrogel formations. The hydrogels were used to remove dyes of direct blue 1 (DB1), methylene blue (MB) from their aqueous soltions. The effect of contact time, feeding intial concentration and temperature were investigated. The adsorption of kinetics models such pseudo first‐order, pseudo second‐order, and Bangham were studied. The results of kinetics invetsiation showed that DB1 obeys pseudo second‐order, while MB obeys pseudo first‐order. Moreover, the adsorption iostherms of Langmuir isotherm model, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson isotherm, Sips isotherm, Hill isotherm were applied. The outcome results referred that both of DB1 and MB obey Langmuir model. Further, the Soil degradability test of pure hydrogels and hydrogels‐adsorbed DB1 and hydrogels‐adsorbed MB was carried out by burial under soil for 14 days. The results showed the pure hydrogels exposed rapid soil degradability than hydrogels‐adsorbed DB1 and hydrogels‐adsorbed MB. Furthermore, water‐holding capacity and water retention of sandy soils of hydrogels were studied. The results of water‐holding capacity and water retention showed that the hydrogels that prepared at 20 kGy is highest one than that prepared at 2.5 kGy is the lowest one.
Advances in examination methods for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Li Di , Wang Peikang , Zhang Man , Zhang Xinkai , Yao Hailun , Liu Xing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide an overview of techniques for evaluating patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). It encompasses the history, clinical examinations, and diagnostic imaging methods for AIS. These methods include digital radiological examination, EOS® imaging, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, body surface topography techniques such as the Moiré pattern technique, raster stereophotography, and DIERS formetric 4D as well as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Traditionally, full‐spine standing X‐rays have been the standard for diagnosing AIS. High‐quality clinical assessments may continue as a reference for assessing other spinal deformities. However, the new diagnostic imaging methods aim to reduce radiation exposure while maintaining image quality and practicality. Emerging technologies demonstrate strong reliability and effectiveness in diagnostic imaging of AlS. These techniques may be beneficial for diagnosing and monitoring AIS and its progression without requiring high levels of radiation exposure. The article is a search and summary of the PubMed electronic database to understand the current and future status of AIS imaging technology, which can not only help to introduce other researchers to the field but also serve as a valuable source for healthcare professionals to study existing methods, develop new ones, or select evaluation strategies.
Phase structure, mechanical properties and failure behavior of compatibilized polylactide/polyamide 11 systems
Authors: Hajibabazadeh Sina , Ghaleh Hakimeh , Mazidi Majid Mehrabi , Razavi Aghjeh Mir Karim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAttempt was made to enhance the physical properties of fully bio‐based incompatible polylactide (PLA)/polyamide 11 (PA11) blend by using ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EBA‐GMA) as both compatibilizer and impact modifier. Interfacial energy measurements predicted that the EBA‐GMA would localize at the interface of components in PLA/PA11 samples. Morphological investigations demonstrated a combination of complete wetting and partial wetting phase structure for PLA/PA11/EBA‐GMA (70/30‐x/x) systems containing 30 wt% modifier phases. When presented at 10–15 wt%, EBA‐GMA formed an interfacial layer around the minor PA11 phase domains and produced a fine dispersion of PA11 in the PLA. Increasing EBA‐GMA to 20 wt% led to a reduction in the degree of encapsulation of PA11 by EBA‐GMA, and a coarser dispersion of EBA‐GMA was also observed in the resulting ternary blend. Compatibility between the components of the PLA/PA11/EBA‐GMA ternary samples was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The maximum impact toughness was achieved for PLA/PA11/EBA‐GMA (70/15/15) blend, which exhibited the excellent dispersion state of both PA11 and EBA‐GMA phases in the PLA. Impact fractography revealed the generation of multiple voids and cavities either around the PA11 or inside the EBA‐GMA phase regions during the fracture process. The generation of such micro‐voids followed by their plastic growth during crack propagation activated plastic deformation of the PLA, serving as the primary source in the dissipation of impact fracture energy.Highlights
The stacked formation morphology was observed in the PLA/PA11/EBA‐GMA systems.
All the ternary samples showed ductile failure under tensile test.
Adding EBA‐GMA, remarkably enhanced impact toughness of the PLA/PA11 blend.
A superior stiffness‐toughness balance was achieved for all the ternary samples.