bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the role of cytokines and chemokines in canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Santoro Domenico , Saridomikelakis Manolis N. , Eisenschenk Melissa N. C. , Hensel Patrick , Pucheu‐Haston Cherie ,   for the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA)
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytokines and chemokines play central roles in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Numerous studies have been published and provide new insights into their roles in cAD.ObjectivesTo summarise the research updates on the role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals in 2015.Material and MethodsOnline citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings on cytokines and chemokines relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed.ResultsAdvances in technologies have allowed the simultaneous analysis of a broader range of cytokines and chemokines, which revealed an upregulation of a multipolar immunological axis (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22) in cAD. Most studies focused on specific cytokines, which were proposed as potential novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for cAD, such as interleukin‐31. Most other cytokines and chemokines had inconsistent results, perhaps as a consequence of their varied involvement in the pathogenesis of different endotypes of cAD.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceInconsistent results for many cytokines and chemokines illustrate the difficulty of studying the complex cytokine and chemokine networks in cAD, and highlight the need for more comprehensive and structured studies in the future.
Orbifold Kähler–Einstein metrics on projective toric varieties
Authors: Braun Lukas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this short note, we investigate the existence of orbifold Kähler–Einstein metrics on toric varieties. In particular, we show that every ‐factorial normal projective toric variety allows an orbifold Kähler–Einstein metric. Moreover, we characterize ‐stability of ‐factorial toric pairs of Picard number one in terms of the log Cox ring and the universal orbifold cover.
Gyroscopic Balancer-Enhanced Motion Control of an Autonomous Bikebot
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Han Feng , Yi Jingang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bikebot (i.e., bicycle-based robot) is a class of underactuated balance robotic systems that require simultaneous trajectory tracking and balance control tasks. We present a tracking and balance control design of an autonomous bikebot. The external-internal convertible structure of the bikebot dynamics is used to design a causal feedback control to achieve both the tracking and balance tasks. A balance equilibrium manifold is used to define and capture the platform balance profiles and coupled interaction with the trajectory tracking performance. To achieve fully autonomous navigation, a gyrobalancer actuation is integrated with the steering and velocity control for stationary platform balance and stationary-moving switching. Stability and convergence analyses are presented to guarantee the control performance. Extensive experiments are presented to validate and demonstrate the autonomous control design. We also compare the autonomous control performance with human riding experiments and similar action strategies are found between them.
A Distributed Multiparticle Precise Stopping Control Model Based on the Distributed Model Predictive Control Algorithm for High-Speed Trains
Authors: Zhao Wentao , Ding Jianming , Zhang Qingsong , He Xia , Liu Weiwei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The fixed-point stopping of high-speed trains in stations is generally accomplished through manual operation in China. This situation often leads to a failure to stop at fixed-point signs and causes a fluctuation in the longitudinal acceleration due to the lack of experience of the drivers. To achieve precise, stable, and automatic stopping, a distributed multiparticle precise stopping control model based on the distributed model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is developed in this paper. A two-level hierarchical control structure for the subcontroller of each vehicle is adopted to bring itself to a controlled stop. In the upper control of subcontroller, the MPC algorithm is designed in turn based on the multiparticle mechanism model of the train. In the lower control of subcontroller, the target input from the upper control is converted and distributed. The controlled object, a comprehensive numerical computing model including the spatial dynamic model of the train and its electropneumatic blending braking model, is established and controlled by the corresponding subcontroller and employed to verify the performance of the controller. The influence of the model control parameters on the stopping performance is discussed, and the optimal combination of control parameters is selected. The proposed control model using the optimization parameters is tested and verified through the comprehensive numerical computing model. The results indicate that the stopping error is 0.0075 m, which is much less than the accuracy requirements for fixed-point stopping. The computing time of each subcontroller in real-time is stable at 0.09 s. The coupler impact force between two adjacent vehicles can also be effectively inhibited and eliminated. Its control performance outperforms a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) algorithm. The proposed precise stopping model and comprehensive numerical computing model provide references for the application and algorithm optimization of automatic train operation technology in high-speed trains.
Effects of 2 Different Protocols of Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia in Elite Female Rugby Sevens Players During an Altitude Training Camp
Authors: Bouten Janne , Brick Maxime , Saboua Antoine , Hadjadj Jean-Loup , Piscione Julien , Margot Chloé , Doucende Gregory , Bourrel Nicolas , Millet Grégoire P. , Brocherie Franck 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) is an effective way of improving physical performance compared with similar training in normoxia. RSH efficiency relies on hypoxia severity, but also on the oxidative–glycolytic balance determined by both sprint duration and exercise-to-rest ratio. This study investigated the effect of 2 types of RSH sessions during a classic altitude camp in world-class female rugby sevens players. Methods: Sixteen players performed 5 RSH sessions on a cycle ergometer (simulated altitude: 3000 m above sea level [asl]) during a 3-week natural altitude camp (1850 m asl). Players were assigned to 2 different protocols with either a high (RSH1:3, sprint duration: 8–10 s; exercise-to-rest ratios: 1:2–1:3; n = 7) or a low exercise-to-rest ratio (RSH1:5, sprint duration: 5–15 s; exercise-to-rest ratios: 1:2–1:5; n = 9). Repeated-sprint performances (maximal and mean power outputs [PPOmax, and PPOmean]) were measured before and after the intervention, along with physiological responses. Results: PPOmax (962 [100] to 1020 [143] W, P = .008, Cohen d = 0.47) and PPOmean (733 [71] to 773 [91] W, P = .008, d = 0.50) increased from before to after. A significant interaction effect (P = .048, d = 0.50) was observed for PPOmean, with a larger increase observed in RSH1:3 (P = .003). No interaction effects were observed (P > .05) for the other variables. Conclusion: A classic altitude camp with 5 RSH sessions superimposed on rugby-sevens-specific training led to an improved repeated-sprint performance, suggesting that RSH effects are not blunted by prolonged hypoxic exposure. Interestingly, using a higher exercise-to-rest ratio during RSH appears to be more effective than when applying a lower exercise-to-rest ratio.
Non-homologous end-joining-deficient filamentous fungal strains mitigate the impact of off-target mutations during the application of CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Garrigues Sandra , Peng Mao , Kun Roland S. , de Vries Ronald P. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology has been implemented in almost all living organisms. Its editing precision appears to be very high and therefore could represent a big change from conventional genetic engineering approaches. However, guide RNA binding to nucleotides similar to the target site could result in undesired off-target mutations. Despite this, evaluating whether mutations occur is rarely performed in genome editing studies. In this study, we generated CRISPR/Cas9-derived filamentous fungal strains and analyzed them for the occurrence of mutations, and to which extent genome stability affects their occurrence. As a test case, we deleted the (hemi-)cellulolytic regulator-encoding gene
xlnR
in two
Aspergillus niger
strains: a wild type (WT) and a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-deficient strain Δ
kusA
. Initial phenotypic analysis suggested a much higher prevalence of mutations in the WT compared to NHEJ-deficient strains, which was confirmed and quantified by whole-genome sequencing analysis. Our results clearly demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 applied to an NHEJ-deficient strain is an efficient strategy to avoid unwanted mutations.

IMPORTANCE
Filamentous fungi are commonly used biofactories for the production of industrially relevant proteins and metabolites. Often, fungal biofactories undergo genetic development (genetic engineering, genome editing, etc.) aimed at improving production yields. In this context, CRISPR/Cas9 has gained much attention as a genome editing strategy due to its simplicity, versatility, and precision. However, despite the high level of accuracy reported for CRISPR/Cas9, in some cases unintentional cleavages in non-targeted loci—known as off-target mutations—could arise. While biosafety should be a central feature of emerging biotechnologies to minimize unintended consequences, few studies quantitatively evaluate the risk of off-target mutations. This study demonstrates that the use of non-homologous end-joining-deficient fungal strains drastically reduces the number of unintended genomic mutations, ensuring that CRISPR/Cas9 can be safely applied for strain development.
CD9 co-operation with syndecan-1 is required for a major staphylococcal adhesion pathway
Authors: Green Luke R. , Issa Rahaf , Albaldi Fawzyah , Urwin Lucy , Thompson Ruth , Khalid Henna , Turner Claire E. , Ciani Barbara , Partridge Lynda J. , Monk Peter N. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTEpithelial colonization is a critical first step in bacterial pathogenesis.Staphylococcus aureuscan utilize several host factors to associate with cells, including α5β1 integrin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, such as the syndecans. Here, we demonstrate that a partner protein of both integrins and syndecans, the host membrane adapter protein tetraspanin CD9, is essential for syndecan-mediated staphylococcal adhesion. Fibronectin is also essential in this process, while integrins are only critical for post-adhesion entry into human epithelial cells. Treatment of epithelial cells with CD9-derived peptide or heparin caused significant reductions in staphylococcal adherence, dependent on both CD9 and syndecan-1. Exogenous fibronectin caused a CD9-dependent increase in staphylococcal adhesion, whereas blockade of β1 integrins did not affect adhesion but did reduce the subsequent internalization of adhered bacteria. CD9 disruption or deletion increased β1 integrin-mediated internalization, suggesting that CD9 coordinates sequential staphylococcal adhesion and internalization. CD9 controls staphylococcal adhesion through syndecan-1, using a mechanism that likely requires CD9-mediated syndecan organization to correctly display fibronectin at the host cell surface. We propose that CD9-derived peptides or heparin analogs could be developed as anti-adhesion treatments to inhibit the initial stages of staphylococcal pathogenesis.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureusinfection is a significant cause of disease and morbidity.Staphylococciutilize multiple adhesion pathways to associate with epithelial cells, including interactions with proteoglycans or β1 integrins through a fibronectin bridge. Interference with another host protein, tetraspanin CD9, halves staphylococcal adherence to epithelial cells, although CD9 does not interact directly with bacteria. Here, we define the role of CD9 in staphylococcal adherence and uptake, observing that CD9 coordinates syndecan-1, fibronectin, and β1 integrins to allow efficient staphylococcal infection. Two treatments that disrupt this action are effective and may provide an alternative to antibiotics. We provide insights into the mechanisms that underlie staphylococcal infection of host cells, linking two known adhesion pathways together through CD9 for the first time.
Modern ocean island basalt–like 182W signature in Paleoarchean mafic rocks: Implications for the generation, preservation, and destruction of early mantle heterogeneities
Authors: Mei Qing-Feng , Yang Jin-Hui , Li Chao-Feng , Wang Xuan-Ce , Konnunaho Jukka , Wu Ya-Dong , Zhong Hong , Xu Yi-Gang , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Komatiites and picrites generated by high degrees of mantle partial melting serve as potential probes of Earth’s deep mantle. Tungsten (W) isotopes in these rocks offer a rare chance to better understand early differentiation, late accretion, core-mantle interaction, and subsequent evolution of Earth’s mantle. We present new W isotope data for Archean komatiites and basalts from the Barberton (South Africa) and Suomussalmi (Finland) Greenstone Belts and Permian picrites from the Emeishan large igneous province (China). The Paleoarchean samples from the Barberton Greenstone Belt have modern ocean island basalt (OIB)–like μ182W values ranging from –20.4 to +5.6, whereas the Mesoarchean komatiites from the Suomussalmi Greenstone Belt show μ182W values of –2.2 to +11.3. The Permian Emeishan picrites give μ182W values of –7.1 to +3.1. Our data, combined with the published global data set, show that W isotope heterogeneity in the mantle has existed throughout Earth’s history, with positive μ182W values transitioning to near-zero in the upper mantle by the end of the Archean. The negative μ182W values of Paleoarchean samples in the Barberton Greenstone Belt and modern OIBs likely result from either early differentiation or core-mantle interaction. The incorporation of a plume-delivered negative μ182W component and enhanced mantle mixing is a viable mechanism to explain the transition of μ182W values in the upper mantle from positive to near-zero, while recycling of crustal materials into the mantle would result in a shift of negative μ182W values of the lower mantle closer to zero since the onset of plate tectonics. The latter process could possibly explain the slightly negative to near-zero μ182W values of the Emeishan picrites and some kimberlites. The well-resolved negative μ182W anomalies observed in this study provide important insights into the generation, preservation, and obliteration of W isotope heterogeneities in the lower mantle.
Decompositions in Semirings
Authors: Batueva Ts. Ch.-D. , Schwidefsky M. V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove that each element of a complete atomic $ l $-semiring has a canonical decomposition.
We also find some sufficient conditions for the decomposition to be unique
that are expressed by first-order sentences.
As a corollary, we obtain a theorem of Avgustinovich–Frid which claims that
each factorial language has the unique canonical decomposition.
Review of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines on the management of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Lambiase Pier D , Maclean Edd 
Published: July 2023

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines present a synopsis of extensive internal evidence and technology reviews, with a particular focus on clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness within the NHS in England. This approach has delivered a novel perspective on arrhythmia management, with important distinctions from other policymakers’ recommendations. For example, when compared with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Heart Association (AHA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines on atrial fibrillation (AF), NICE advocates unique strategies regarding arrhythmia detection, stroke and bleeding risk stratification, and rhythm control (NICE CG 196). Likewise, for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death, NICE TA314 not only recommends device therapy based on New York Heart Association class and ECG findings, but also incorporates quality-adjusted life year data from analysis of key randomised controlled trials.This review examines the NICE guidelines, together with those from the AHA/HRS/ACC and ESC, on the management of AF and ventricular arrhythmias and highlights the key common features and discrepancies between these important documents.
Pattern recognition receptor agonists in pathogen vaccines mediate antitumor T-cell cross-priming
Authors: Aleynick Mark , Svensson-Arvelund Judit , Pantsulaia Gvantsa , Kim Kristy , Rose Samuel A , Upadhyay Ranjan , Yellin Michael , Marsh Henry , Oreper Daniel , Jhunjhunwala Suchit , Moussion Christine Carine , Merad Miriam , Brown Brian D , Brody Joshua D 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCancer immunotherapies are generally effective in patients whose tumors contain a priori primed T-cells reactive to tumor antigens (TA). One approach to prime TA-reactive T-cells is to administer immunostimulatory molecules, cells, or pathogens directly to the tumor site, that is, in situ vaccination (ISV). We recently described an ISV using Flt3L to expand and recruit dendritic cells (DC), radiotherapy to load DC with TA, and pattern recognition receptor agonists (PRRa) to activate TA-loaded DC. While ISV trials usingsyntheticPRRa have yielded systemic tumor regressions, the optimal method to activate DCs is unknown.MethodsTo discover optimal DC activators and increase access to clinical grade reagents, we assessed whether viral or bacterial components found in common pathogen vaccines are an effective source ofnatural PRRa(naPRRa). Using deep profiling (155-metric) of naPRRa immunomodulatory effects and gene editing of specific PRR, we defined specific signatures and molecular mechanisms by which naPRRa potentiate T-cell priming.ResultsWe observed that vaccine naPRRa can be even more potent in activating Flt3L-expanded murine and human DCs than synthetic PRRa, promoting cross-priming of TA-reactive T-cells. We developed a mechanistically diverse naPRRa combination (BCG, PedvaxHIB, Rabies) and noted more potent T-cell cross-priming than with any single naPRRa. The naPRRa triplet—as part of Flt3L-primed ISV—induced greater intratumoral CD8 T-cell infiltration, T-cells reactive to a newly defined tumorous neoantigen, durable tumor regressions.ConclusionsThis work provides rationale for the translation of pathogen vaccines as FDA-approved clinical-grade DC activators which could be exploited as immune-stimulants for early phase trials.
New insights on the upper Silurian Fegaguira Formation shale-oil play in the Chotts Basin (southern Tunisia)
Authors: Belhaj Mohamed Anis , Soussi Mohamed , Saidi Moncef , Jarvie D.M. 
Published: July 2023

In Tunisia Chotts Basin, the upper Silurian (Ludfordian) Fegaguira Formation comprises organic-rich black mudstones deposited during a major anoxic event. It is a prolific source rock, having yielded a large volume of oil and gas from conventional reservoirs that reached about 69 MMboe, with around 45 MMboe as recoverable reserves still to be produced. Based on various investigations, the stratigraphy of the Fegaguira Formation is updated and its unconventional play potential is assessed.

It is divided, in the present work, into three units (HSII.1, HSII.2 and HSII.3) characterized by gamma-ray values of up to 400° API, organic matter content (up to 17 wt% total organic carbon) and petroleum potential (up to 60 mgHC g
−1
rock) with mature Type II marine kerogen. The first and the second units, which are dominantly organic-rich mudstones, can be compared to the Mississippian Barnett, Miocene Antelope and Cretaceous Tuscaloosa shales of the USA.

Evaluation of the brittleness index shows that the HSII.1 and HSII.2 units are mostly ductile and comparable to tight oil and gas reservoirs, while the third HSII.3 unit, where organic-rich facies are juxtaposed to organic-lean limestone beds with natural fractures (porosity between 3 and 7%), may be compared to the Niobrara B Formation.
Within the shale-oil fairway of the Chotts Basin, the estimated recoverable oil is around 1.3 Bbbl. It is comparable to the recoverable oil estimated volume for the Middle Member of the Bakken in the USA. This study demonstrates that the Fegaguira Formation source rock should be considered as an additional unconventional oil-shale target for Tunisia.
Heat Transfer and Performance Enhancement of Porous Split Elliptical Fins
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Das Ranjan , Barik Debabrata , Pal Sagnik , Majumder Arindam , Deb Madhujit , Dennison Milon Selvam 
Published: July 2023

To augment the heat transfer phenomenon, the infusion of various fin geometry over the heated plate is being investigated by various researchers. Solid fins of the porous medium can enhance the convective heat transfer, providing a higher surface area-to-volume ratio for heat transfer. In this work, the fluid flow pattern and thermodynamic analysis of porous-based split elliptical fins mounted staggered over a heated base plate is numerically studied with the Reynolds numbers in the range of 783 to 1839, which is dependent on the fin dimension. The variable parameters were dimensionless transverse offset (

TO

∗

=
transverse

offset
/
diameter

), which varied from 0 to 0.5; dimensionless longitudinal offset (

L

O

∗

=
longitudinal

offset
/
diameter

), which varied from 0 to 0.25; porosity (ɸ), which varies from 0.8 to 0.92; pores per inch (PPI), which was 10; permeability (

P

n

); and inertial parameter (

F

). To count the viscous and inertial effect inside the porous zone, the Forchheimer–Brinkman extended Darcy model was adopted. The associated parameters, the Nusselt number (Nu), frictional coefficient (

C

f

), and performance evaluation criteria (PEC), are thoroughly analyzed over the TO

∗

and LO

∗

combination. The results of the investigation revealed that the highest value of Nu and PEC was obtained by

TO

∗

=
0.5

and

L

O

∗

=
0

at

ɸ
=
0.92

, which were approximately 54% and 79% higher than the solid circular fin at

Re
=
1839

. Additionally, a response function based on Nu was obtained using the response surface method, and cuckoo optimization was assessed to identify the optimal Nu. The optimal Nu is established at

TO

∗

=
0.4141

and

L

O

∗

=
0

(

ɸ
=
0.92

and

Re
=
1839

) and was validated with the present investigation with an accuracy of 1.20%.