bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Recommendations for Image-Guided Biopsy in Oncology
Authors: Gala Kunal B. , Chandra Daksh , Shetty Nitin Sudhakar , Agarwal Ujjwal , Bansal Harshit , Shariq Md , Pendse Himanshu A. , Janu Amit , Mandava Rupesh , Kulkarni Suyash S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) is the initial step for obtaining the diagnosis and it helps in treatment. It aids in primary diagnosis, tumor staging, or ruling out infective etiology. It is a safe and successful minimally invasive method compared to open biopsies. PNB is defined as the placement and insertion of a needle into a suspected lesion or organ with the intent of retrieving tissue or cells for diagnosis. It can fine needle aspiration cytology or core needle biopsy. The patient needs to be counseled regarding the procedure and detailed history, including anticoagulant history needs to be taken. The SIR consensus guidelines have divided biopsies into low-risk procedures with a bleeding risk of < 1.5% and high-risk procedures > 1.5%. There are advancements in needle design (e.g., echogenic tip while performing ultrasound-guided needle biopsy) and image-guidance technology (ultrasound quality, multi-slice CT scan) that improved these procedures safety and efficacy. There are different types of needles available such as coaxial, aspiration needles, Murphy's bone biopsy needle, which depends on the tissue which needs to be sampled or the organ to be biopsied. Various different types of biopsy guns, such as semi-automatic, automatic, or manual are available. The newer technology such as fusion and navigation biopsies helps in better characterizing and localization of the lesion, improving the yield of the biopsy. Open and excisional biopsies have a higher mortality and morbidity rate than percutaneous biopsies, they are reserved for cases where the image-guided method has failed to provide the diagnostic yield. Sample collection must be done under a sterile container in formaline or microbiological examination. Regular analysis and rad-path correlation are key to success and improving diagnostic yield. This abstract provides an overview of the existing biopsy literature.
Protean Neuroophthalmic Presentations of Common Childhood Malignancies—A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Roy Pritam Singha , Jain Richa , Bhatia Anmol , Mallik Nabhajit , Kumar Narender 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCommon pediatric malignancies often surprise clinicians with unusual presentations. In this narrative, we report two patients with common childhood cancer having unique neuroophthalmic characteristics. In the first case, we have a child with a common childhood solid tumor presenting with blindness without proptosis, while the second case is of a child with a common hematological malignancy presenting with unilateral proptosis without visual impairment. The report highlights that common childhood cancers may present with neuroophthalmic symptoms on rare occasions, creating a diagnostic conundrum.
An In-Vivo Study of Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Matrix Metalloprotein 9 Expression in Traumatic Ulcers with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Radithia Desiana , Yuliana Yuliana , Puspitasari Yeni , Sismiyanti Rossy , Pratiwi Aulya Setyo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus is not only characterized by alterations in the wound healing process but also during oral ulcer healing. The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be used to stimulate the healing process. This study was performed to analyze the effect of PRP on traumatic ulcers with diabetes mellitus in an animal model by analyzing the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9).
Materials and Methods The diabetes mellitus model was developed using streptozotocin that was administrated to Rattus novergicus. The traumatic ulcer model was obtained by placing a heated tip of a ball burnisher for 5 seconds on the lower mucosa labial. Then, the traumatic ulcer was treated with PRP for 3, 5, and 7 days. The expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 was analyzed with indirect immunohistochemistry, and differences between each marker were analyzed with statistical analysis.
Results All animals showed clinical oral ulceration as a yellow base during the experiment. The application of PRP showed a higher level of TGF-β1 expression than the controls for 3, 5, and 7 days (p < 0.05). In contrast, the MMP-9 expression was lower than the control for 5 and 7 days (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The PRP affected traumatic ulcers with diabetes mellitus by promoting healing through TGF-β1 expression and suppressing the MMP-9 expression. This material can serve to develop a promising topical therapy for traumatic ulcers, especially with an underlying disease such as diabetes mellitus.
Unusual Presentation of Wilms' Tumor in a 4-Month-Old Infant as Presternal Metastatic Swelling—A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Ahmad Md Fahim , Menon Prema , Solanki Shailesh , Trehan Amita , Gupta Parikshaa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 4-month-old infant presented with an enlarging large vascular presternal swelling noticed for the past 2 months. Clinical examination revealed a left renal mass in this otherwise asymptomatic child. She underwent left nephroureterectomy and excision of the skin metastasis following a course of chemotherapy. Preoperative cytology and postoperative histopathological examination confirmed Wilms' tumor with a single skin metastasis. We report this case for its rarity.
Multiple Primary Malignancies: A Clinicopathological Profile of Patients at a Tertiary Center of North India—A Retrospective Hospital-Based Observational Study
Authors: Mir Abdul W. , Parveen Shaheena , Ahmad Ifrah , Naveed Shah , Ahmad Syed N. , Hussain Mir M. , Dar Nazir A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction The incidence, prevalence, as well as survival of cancer patients, is increasing day by day due to the use of screening and improved diagnostic modalities. Simultaneously, the development of multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) in cancer survivors is not uncommon in recent years, because of an improved understanding of biology and effective management of cancer in the form of local (i.e., surgery/radiotherapy) and systemic (chemotherapy/targeted therapy) treatment, leading to improved survival and subsequent development of more malignancies. The study was conducted to describe the clinicopathological profile of patients diagnosed with MPMs.
Objective To study the clinicopathological profile of MPMs and to look for treatment patterns of these patients.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective hospital-based observational study. Medical records of 73 patients with MPMs, who were registered in the department of medical and surgical oncology between January 2016 and December 2018, were enrolled in the study. The statistical analysis was done by using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows from IBM Corp. Categorical data were expressed in the form of frequencies and percentages.
Results Out of the total 73 patients, 2 patients were diagnosed to have triple malignancies and were excluded from the study for discussion purposes. Among 71 patients with double malignancies, 19 patients had synchronous and 52 had metachronous malignancies with synchronous to metachronous ratio of 1:2.73. The study included 39 men and 32 women with a male to female ratio of 1.21:1. Gastrointestinal system was the most common system involved in first primary as well as in second primary malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma equally were the most common histologies seen in primary, whereas adenocarcinoma was the most common histology seen in second primary malignancy.
Conclusions The phenomenon of MPMs is not an uncommon presentation due to longer survival and side effects of treatment (radiotherapy/chemotherapy). It should always be kept in consideration in any cancer survivor during surveillance in order to detect it and treat at the earliest.
Salivary IL-17 and IL-10 as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Different Stages of Periodontitis in Smoker and Nonsmoker Patients
Authors: Mohammed Maha Abdulsalam , Abbas Raghad Fadhil , Akram Hadeel Mazin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives The gold standard in the field of periodontal research currently is to find a valid biomarker that can reliably be used for diagnosing periodontal diseases. Given the limitations of the current diagnostic tools that stall to predict susceptible individuals and determine whether active tissue destruction is occurring, there is an increased urge to develop alternative diagnostic techniques that would compensate for the problems inherited in these available methods, such as measuring levels of biomarkers present in oral fluids such as saliva; so the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic potential of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-10 to differentiate periodontal health from smoker and nonsmoker periodontitis, and to differentiate among different stages (severities) of periodontitis.
Materials and Methods An observational case–control study was performed on 175 systemically healthy participants grouped into healthy as controls and periodontitis as cases. Periodontitis cases were divided according to the severity into stages I, II, and III, and each of the stages was further subdivided into smokers and nonsmokers patients. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, clinical parameters were recorded, and salivary levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results Elevated levels of IL-17 and IL-10 were associated with stage I and II compared with the healthy controls. However, a significant decrease in stage III was observed compared with the control group for both biomarkers.
Conclusion Salivary IL-17 and IL-10 might be useful for distinguishing periodontal health from periodontitis; however, further research is needed to substantiate their use as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis
Pathophysiological Aspects of COVID-19-Associated Vasculopathic Diseases
Authors: Greistorfer Thiemo , Jud Philipp 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous data reported potential effects on the cardiovascular system due to infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may lead to COVID-19-associated vasculopathies during the acute phase and measurable vascular changes in the convalescent phase. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 seems to have specific direct and indirect effects on the endothelium, immune and coagulation systems thus promoting endothelial dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps although the exact mechanisms still need to be elucidated. This review represents a recent update of pathophysiological pathways of the respective three major mechanisms contributing to COVID-19 vasculopathies and vascular changes and includes clinical implications and significance of outcome data.
Combining subtitle creation and subtitle alignment in foreign language teaching
Authors: Faya Ornia Goretti , Barranco Izquierdo Natalia , Calderón Quindós M.Teresa , Quijada Diez Carmen 
Published: May 2023

Subtitling and alignment can be used as didactic tools as they contribute to the development of the linguistic, intercultural and instrumental competences that constitute the translation competence. Thus, the aim of this work is to present a methodological framework for translator training using subtitling and alignment as two activities applicable in language teaching to foster students’ skills in a foreign language and their translation competence. Firstly, students are asked to transcribe the source subtitles of various video files and, afterwards, translate them into their mother tongue. Secondly, they are given the broadcasted source and target subtitles of several TV programs and nature documentaries to align them – these alignments will be later compiled into an electronic parallel corpus.
Relationship between external factors and development of regional
variation (vosotros vs. ustedes)
by L2 learners of Spanish in Spain
Authors: Salgado-Robles Francisco , George Angela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the impact of three key
programmatic features – program type, housing condition, and program
length – on the development of a geographically variable feature,
the second-person plural forms of address (i.e.,
vosotros/ustedes distinction)
by second language learners of Spanish studying abroad in Madrid,
Spain. Additionally, we compare the use of both
vosotros and ustedes to a
local Madrileño speaker baseline. To measure the use of
vosotros and ustedes, the
participants completed an oral discourse completion task. While the
results of the study point to an increase in
vosotros production among all participants, the
students enrolled in a service-learning program, living with a host
family, and participating in a long-term program significantly
increased their use of vosotros.
Limited gains, restricted access
Authors: Grammon Devin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores how limited gains in the
L2 acquisition of sociolinguistic variation relate to particularities
of the program and host community where students study abroad. An
ethnographic case study finds that learners’ access to input during
one program was constrained by a number of interrelated factors,
which extended beyond student-related variables to include the
programming and policies of their SA school and presence of
international tourism in the host community. These findings aid in
explaining students’ limited development of local sociolinguistic
variants and demonstrate that immersion in SA program cannot be
conflated with ample access to sociolinguistic input. Understanding
how SA affords the development of sociolinguistic competence
requires consideration of programmatic factors in assessing
individual differences in language learning outcomes.
Study abroad in the Southern Cone
Authors: Camus Pablo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In Chile and Argentina, voseo
(the pronoun vos and/or its verb forms) is used as
one of the primary forms of address for the second person singular.
For students who embark on a study abroad (SA) program, recognizing
or using these forms can be challenging since it requires a high
degree of metalinguistic awareness (Pozzi, Escalante & Quan,
2019). This SA pilot study aims to understand the (1) learning of
voseo by second language (L2) learners in
Argentina and Chile; (2) the nature of sojourners’ social networks;
and (3) whether social networks are linked to the development of
voseo. To shed light on these issues, six
Spanish L2 learners were recruited after completing a semester-long
SA program. Results suggest that social networks can at least
partially inform the learning of voseo.
Short-term study abroad and dialect acquisition
Authors: Fafulas Stephen , Hearn Samuel C. , Fionda Maria I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The growth in the popularity of studying abroad
has led to the proliferation of programs of various lengths, among
which is the short-term study abroad (SA), typically lasting around
one month. Much needed investigation remains regarding the
effectiveness of short-term SA programs, and this study aims to
understand the level of effectiveness through the lens of dialect
feature acquisition. Specifically, in southwestern Andalucía, there
exists a phenomenon in which local speakers of Spanish employ the
3rd person plural pronoun ustedes with 2nd person
plural morphosyntactic realizations. The current study examines
whether adult second-language learners become sensitive to these
regional variants through a one-month SA program. Results show
individual variation with more proficient learners moving toward the
regional norm.
The role of language attitudes in the L2 acquisition of
sociolinguistic variation
Authors: Denbaum de Restrepo Nofiya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have examined second language
learners’ attitudes toward various Spanish dialects. Nonetheless,
few studies have used matched guise to assess implicit language
attitudes with respect to morphosyntactic variables. The present
study explores the relationship between language attitudes, social
interaction, and selection of pre-verbal subjects in wh-questions
with Spanish learners studying abroad in the Dominican Republic.
Study abroad learners and a group of at-home students completed a
written contextualized task examining subject position in
wh-questions. Learners studying abroad also completed a matched
guise task and a social interaction questionnaire. Findings indicate
that learners with an increase in intelligence rating for pre-verbal
subjects at Time 2 favored selection of pre-verbal subjects at the
end of their study abroad.
Variable outcomes abroad
Authors: Kanwit Matthew , Solon Megan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Empirical research has reported differential
effects of proficiency level on acquisition in the study-abroad (SA)
context. We tested whether pre-SA proficiency influences learners’
acquisition of variable structures during SA, analyzing Spanish
future-time expression, a structure conveyed through multiple forms
with distributions that differ regionally.
We surveyed English-speaking learners of Spanish
who participated in 7-week programs in Valencia, Spain and Mérida,
Mexico, whom we compared with local native speakers of Spanish.
Before and after SA, learners completed a contextualized preference
task created to examine variable future forms. Mixed-effects
regressions revealed that, although learners generally approximated
local targets, development according to proficiency level was not
uniform, indicating the complex role of proficiency across
grammatical structures and geographic regions.
Suansu language from northeastern India
Authors: Ivani Jessica K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis contribution introduces Suansu, an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Manipur, northeastern India. Suansu is virtually undescribed in the linguistic literature, and no previous attestations are known to date. This field report provides a first sketch of Suansu sociolinguistic profile, phonology and phonotactics, as well as basic information on Suansu nominal and verbal morphology. A preliminary comparative look at the languages spoken in the area suggests that Suansu does not align neatly with the set of traits commonly attested in the region, confirming the high linguistic diversity of the area and setting up the stage for further research.
Bilingualism in development
Authors: Poulin-Dubois Diane 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The body of work that is the subject of this
chapter is on the bilingual cognitive advantage in very young
children and on the structure of the early bilingual lexicon. As a
result of work initiated by Ellen Bialystok, we now know that even
preverbal infants show better attentional control than monolingual
infants. We also know that the organization of the early bilingual
lexicon shows striking similarities but also notable differences to
that of adults. The chapter concludes with a prospective outlook of
what is still unknown about early bilingualism, including how
proficiency and language use impact bilinguals’ cognitive skills in
addition to language exposure. The significant progress that has
been made in understanding the young bilingual mind is a fitting
tribute to Ellen Bialystok.
Models and metaphors
Authors: Kroll Judith F. , Rossi Eleonora 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ellen Bialystok’s research on bilingualism and
cognition has transformed our understanding of how life experience
with two or more languages has enduring consequences for the mind
and the brain. But how do these consequences arise? In this chapter
we focus on models of bilingual language processing and the
metaphors that they have generated for testing hypotheses about how
learning and using two languages engage domain general cognition and
the neural mechanisms that support it. Research in the last two
decades provides compelling support for the view that the
bilingual’s two languages are continually interacting. Those
interactions create mutual influences that are dynamic, changing
within individuals across the lifespan and from one context to
another, even over relatively short periods of time. Cross-language
interactions have been hypothesized to impose unique demands on
cognition that make bilingual minds and brains different from those
of monolingual speakers. The models that characterize bilingual
language processing capture different aspects of this process, some
focused on the linguistic processes themselves, and others on the
way that each language is regulated or controlled when there is
potential cross-language competition. Here we illustrate each type
of model and consider how the models themselves provide metaphors
for thinking about how bilingualism affects cognition.
Bilingual language control during conversation
Authors: Green David W. , Abutalebi Jubin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss a hierarchical model
of bilingual language control and attentional/control states during
conversations. Conversations necessitate a close interchange between
language control and understanding other’s state of mind. Here we
explore another fundamental aspect of language use that requires
different attentional states: in their speech acts, speakers talk
about different topics. Using a hierarchical control framework, we
describe the attentional control demands of the various
interactional contexts and the attentional states induced by
different types of topics nested within the sustained attentional
demand to the conversation. We also consider aspects of neural
networks involved in language use, specifically the involvement of
frontal-subcortical regions during utterance planning and
production. Lastly, we discuss future directions of research methods
needed to explore bilingual control processes during conversation.
Through this exploration into everyday conversations in different
interactional contexts, we conclude that the mind/brain can be in
several co-occurring and dissociable attentional/control states:
ones induced through specific content and others induced by language
control processes.
Domain-general electrophysiological changes associated with
bilingualism
Authors: Grundy John G. , Chung-Fat-Yim Ashley 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been instrumental
in research examining the effects of bilingualism on cognition, and
much of this research has been inspired and spearheaded by Ellen
Bialystok. In this chapter, we explore recent developments in EEG
research that highlight the complexity of the bilingual experience
and its impact on domain-general cognitive outcomes. First, even in
the absence of behavioral differences, ERP studies consistently show
that bilinguals are more efficient at processing information than
monolinguals on executive function tasks. Second, resting-state EEG
studies demonstrate a link between several brain frequency bands
(e.g. beta waves) and learning outcomes during second-language
acquisition. Third, recent advances in EEG techniques have
demonstrated that brain signal complexity is more than just noise,
and that greater complexity is associated with better performance.
Preliminary evidence suggests that bilingualism modifies brain
signal complexity in regions associated with automatic processing.
Finally, there is a recent shift to focus more on attentional than
inhibitory mechanisms, and on continuous rather than dichotomous
classifications of bilingualism, in assessing how bilingualism
affects executive function processing in the brain. The final
section concludes with several recommendations and future directions
for EEG studies to investigate how language experience impacts the
neural correlates of attentional control.