bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological, Physical, and Atmospheric Controls on the Distribution of Cadmium and Its Isotopes in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sieber Matthias , Lanning Nathan T. , Bunnell Zachary B. , Bian Xiaopeng , Yang Shun‐Chung , Marsay Chris M. , Landing William M. , Buck Clifton S. , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , John Seth G. , Conway Tim M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the Pacific being the location of the earliest seawater Cd studies, the processes which control Cd distributions in this region remain incompletely understood, largely due to the sparsity of data. Here, we present dissolved Cd and δ114Cd data from the US GEOTRACES GP15 meridional transect along 152°W from the Alaskan margin to the equatorial Pacific. Our examination of this region's surface ocean Cd isotope systematics is consistent with previous observations, showing a stark disparity between northern Cd‐rich high‐nutrient low‐chlorophyll waters and Cd‐depleted waters of the subtropical and equatorial Pacific. Away from the margin, an open system model ably describes data in Cd‐depleted surface waters, but atmospheric inputs of isotopically light Cd likely play an important role in setting surface Cd isotope ratios (δ114Cd) at the lowest Cd concentrations. Below the surface, Southern Ocean processes and water mass mixing are the dominant control on Pacific Cd and δ114Cd distributions. Cd‐depleted Antarctic Intermediate Water has a far‐reaching effect on North Pacific intermediate waters as far as 47°N, contrasting with northern‐sourced Cd signatures in North Pacific Intermediate Water. Finally, we show that the previously identified negative Cd* signal at depth in the North Pacific is associated with the PO4 maximum and is thus a consequence of an integrated regeneration signal of Cd and PO4 at a slightly lower Cd:P ratio than the deep ocean ratio (0.35 mmol mol−1), rather than being related to in situ removal processes in low‐oxygen waters.
New Detections of Feldspar‐Bearing Volcanic Rocks in the Walls of Valles Marineris, Mars
Authors: Flahaut Jessica , Payet Vincent , Fueten Frank , Guitreau Martin , Barthez Marie , Ito Gen , Allemand Pascal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlagioclase‐bearing rocks were first detected in the vicinity of large impact basins on Mars using visible/near‐infrared (VNIR) data. The geologic context is consistent with excavated plutons or ancient crustal outcrops. Our analyses reveal plagioclase outcrops exposed in a 200 m thick, sub‐horizontal layer in the 8 km deep walls of the Valles Marineris canyon. These plagioclase‐bearing rocks are consistent with either a sill, a volcano‐clastic layer, or a porphyritic lava flow, in contrast with the previous understanding that plagioclase feldspar signatures must be indicative of nearly pure, anorthositic rocks inherited from a primary flotation crust or granitoids from either plutonic activity or ancient continental crust. We present here evidence of possibly effusive, volcanic rocks bearing plagioclase VNIR spectral signatures, expanding the geologic setting of these unique and uncommon martian rocks to include multiple lithologies. This has direct implications for Mars magmatic processes and for the nature of its crust.
Muon Imaging of Volcanic Conduit Explains Link Between Eruption Frequency and Ground Deformation
Authors: Oláh László , Gallo Giuseppe , Hamar Gergő , Kamoshida Osamu , Leone Giovanni , Llewellin Edward W. , Lo Presti Domenico , Nyitrai Gábor , Ohminato Takao , Ohno Shouhei , Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Varga Dezső 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the physical mechanism of ground deformation at a volcano supports the use of deformation data as a monitoring tool. An inverse correlation was observed between eruption frequency and ground deformation of Sakurajima volcano from November 2018 to April 2021. Over the same period, the mass density of magma in the conduit was monitored via muography. Mass density increased during inflation, when eruption frequency was low, and decreased during deflation, when eruption frequency was high. Periods of low eruption frequency are associated with the formation of a dense plug in the conduit, which we infer caused the inflation of the edifice by trapping pressurized magmatic gas. Conversely, periods of high eruption frequency are associated with the absence of the plug, which we infer allows gas to escape, leading to deflation. Muography thus reveals the in‐conduit physical mechanism for the observed correlation, with implications for interpretation of deformation at other volcanoes.
Modeling the Time‐Dependent Magnetic Fields That BepiColombo Will Use to Probe Down Into Mercury's Mantle
Authors: Zomerdijk‐Russell S. , Masters A. , Korth H. , Heyner D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExternal solar wind variability causes motion of the magnetopause and changes of this boundary's current structure, and the resulting inductive processes, may be exploited to determine the interior structure of magnetized planets. In preparation for the arrival of the BepiColombo spacecraft at Mercury, we here assess solar wind ram pressure forcing in this planet's environment, through analysis of data acquired by the Helios spacecraft, and the impact on the magnetopause's inducing field. These measurements suggest that BepiColombo will see highly unpredictable solar wind conditions and that the inducing field generated in response to variable solar wind ram pressure is non‐uniform across the planet's surface. The inducing magnetic field spectrum, with frequencies in the range of , suggests that the transfer functions derived from the two BepiColombo spacecraft could allow us to obtain a profile of conductivity through Mercury's crust and mantle.
The 2013 Slab‐Wide Kamchatka Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Rousset B. , Campillo M. , Shapiro N. M. , Walpersdorf A. , Titkov N. , Chebrov D. V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudies of initiation of large earthquakes are usually focused on frictional instabilities occurring in the near vicinity of the future rupture. Possible contributions of long‐distance interactions with large‐scale tectonic instabilities remain unknown. Here we analyze seismic catalogs and geodetic time series during a few months preceding the 2013 M = 8.3 deep‐focus Okhotsk earthquake. This deep‐focus event is preceded by four intense seismic clusters in the seismogenic zone. GNSS time series in Kamchatka revealed a transient landward motion episode 1 month prior to the mainshock, consistent with an increase of seismogenic zone loading. This transient loading episode is accompanied by a doubling of the intermediate depth seismicity rate suggesting a transient slab pull as the origin. These observations question the constant subducting velocity hypotheses and may have implications in the understanding of the long‐distance along‐slab stress interactions and in their contribution to initiation of large deep‐focus earthquakes.
Adiabatic Evolution of Cloud Droplet Spectral Width: A New Look at an Old Problem
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Pawlowska Hanna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpectral width of the cloud droplet spectrum is important for radiative properties and drizzle/rain development in warm ice‐free clouds. We use an adiabatic rising parcel model to study activation and diffusional growth of cloud droplets, focusing on the spectral width evolution, and contrasting clean and polluted environments. A comprehensive droplet growth equation is used that includes kinetic, solute, and surface tension effects. We show that those effects have an appreciable impact on the spectral width evolution above the cloud base. Without those effects, the droplet area standard deviation should not change once activation is completed. In contrast, simulation results show that the area standard deviation does increase with height, especially for weak updrafts and polluted environments. Implications of those results for cloud modeling, especially applying conventional bin microphysics, are discussed.
Long‐Term Slowdown of Ocean Carbon Uptake by Alkalinity Dynamics
Authors: Chikamoto Megumi O. , DiNezio Pedro , Lovenduski Nicole 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOceanic absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is expected to slow down under increasing anthropogenic emissions; however, the driving mechanisms and rates of change remain uncertain, limiting our ability to project long‐term changes in climate. Using an Earth system simulation, we show that the uptake of anthropogenic carbon will slow in the next three centuries via reductions in surface alkalinity. Warming and associated changes in precipitation and evaporation intensify density stratification of the upper ocean, inhibiting the transport of alkaline water from the deep. The effect of these changes is amplified threefold by reduced carbonate buffering, making alkalinity a dominant control on CO2 uptake on multi‐century timescales. Our simulation reveals a previously unknown alkalinity‐climate feedback loop, amplifying multi‐century warming under high emission trajectories.
A 3D Magnetospheric CT Reconstruction Method Based on 3D GAN and Supplementary Limited‐Angle 2D Soft X‐Ray Images
Authors: Wang R. C. , Li Dalin , Sun Tianran , Peng Xiaodong , Yang Zhen , Wang J. Q. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSoft X‐ray imaging is a new method used to observe the structure of the Earth's magnetosphere. Reconstruction of the Earth's three‐dimensional (3‐D) magnetospheric structure from 2‐D soft X‐ray images is an important research topic in astronomical imaging and exploration. In this study, computed tomography (CT) is investigated for application to the planned Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE), where resulting images are collected at varying small angles. The restricted geometry of SMILE results in sparse projection data and reduced reconstruction quality. As such, a new algorithm is proposed, based on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and utilizing 3‐D generative adversarial networks (GAN) to supplement the 2‐D soft X‐ray images and increase the angular coverage of the projections. A complement optimization backpropagation network (COBN) is then used to reconstruct high‐quality 3‐D X‐ray emissivity profiles in the magnetosphere. A series of validation experiments were conducted in which the reconstructions were compared with synthetic results generated by the PPMLR‐MHD (an extended LagRangian version of the Piecewise Parabolic Method –MagnetoHydroDynamic) model under varying solar wind conditions. Results showed the supplemented profiles were more complete and accurate than the direct reconstructions, as measured by the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). This suggests the proposed technique could be a viable approach to observing magnetosphere structure and variability.
Double‐Difference Adjoint Tomography of the Crust and Uppermost Mantle Beneath Alaska
Authors: Chen Guoxu , Chen Jing , Tape Carl , Wu Hao , Tong Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe perform adjoint waveform tomography to reveal the P‐wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle in Alaska by using common‐source double‐difference traveltime data. Our underlying forward modeling tool is a 3D seismic‐wave solver called SPECFEM3D_GLOBE. We select ∼13,000 high‐quality P‐wave arrivals from 147 earthquakes recorded by more than 600 stations. The waveforms are filtered between 15 and 8 s and used to generate about 100,000 differential traveltimes via the cross‐correlation technique. We invert these common‐source differential traveltimes for a P‐wave velocity model down to 150 km depth in Alaska. In the upper mantle, a high‐velocity zone is imaged along the Aleutian volcanic arc, which represents the Pacific plate subducting beneath the North America plate. On the eastern edge of the subducting Pacific plate, the imaged high‐velocity anomaly extends distinctly beyond the Wadati–Benioff zone, indicating an aseismic slab edge. We observe an absence of a low‐velocity mantle wedge beneath the Denali Volcanic Gap (DVG) in our tomographic model. This finding suggests that minimal melt accumulation exists beneath the DVG, which may explain the cessation of magmatism there. Our model also reveals a high‐velocity anomaly near the Wrangell Volcanic Field (WVF), suggesting the possible existence of the Wrangell slab or the high‐velocity slab edge of the Yakutat slab. A potential slab gap shown as a low‐velocity body is detected at 95–125 km depth near the WVF, which could act as a channel to transport mantle materials to feed the cluster of volcanoes in the WVF.
Potential Weakening of the June 2012 North American Derecho Under Future Warming Conditions
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Qian Yun , Leung L. Ruby , Chen Xiaodong , Yang Zhao , Feng Zhe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDerechos are widespread and long‐lived straight‐line windstorms associated with fast‐moving mesoscale convective systems that cause severe life and property loss. This study investigates how the June 2012 North American derecho could unfold in the future with global warming. Convection‐permitting regional model ensemble simulations of the derecho as observed are compared with simulations under a pseudo‐global warming scenario of the future environments by the end of the 21st century following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP5‐8.5). The control simulations can well reproduce the observed derecho features, including storm evolution, surface wind, and precipitation, except for a 2‐hr delay relative to observations. Compared to the control simulations, the derecho shrinks and decays earlier in the future environments, with much less destructive impacts on the Mid‐Atlantic coastal areas. The derecho shrinkage is attributed to lower relative humidity on both sides of the derecho propagation path under global warming, which suppresses updraft and strengthens downdraft, impeding the spatial extent of the derecho. The premature decay is due to the intensification of an isolated deep convection (IDC) event that develops ahead of the derecho. The meridional gradient of future warming strengthens the synoptic environments, enhancing convergence in a corridor of higher instability that facilitates intensification and continuous development of the IDC. By consuming energy and moisture on the derecho propagation path, the IDC hinders the derecho development in the Mid‐Atlantic coastal areas. Focusing on a single derecho, this study reveals how changes in the thermodynamic environment with warming could induce complex changes in the derecho.
Mechanism Analysis of a Wintertime Extreme Persistent Heavy Rainfall Event in Hainan Island
Authors: Liu Haisheng , Huang Xiaogang , Fei Jianfang , Cheng Xiaoping , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtremely persistent heavy rainfall (EPHR) events frequently occur in southern China, but its mechanisms of initiation and maintenance are not well understood, leading to difficulties in accurately forecasting. Thus, we investigated a typical EPHR case that occurred on Hainan Island on 14 December 2013 (UTC) using convection‐resolving WRF simulation and multi‐source observations. Results revealed that the intrusion of the cold surge, the formation of the quasi‐stationary mesoscale perturbed vortex (MPV) caused by deflected southerly winds and northeasterly winds, and local topographic forcing are three crucial factors for this EPHR event. Firstly, the invasion of cold surge provides a favorable thermal condition for strong convection, as the CAPE around Wanning city substantially increases during the invasion, greatly enhancing atmospheric instability. Secondly, the event is triggered around 06:00 UTC due to the low‐level convergence of easterly and northeasterly winds. The confrontation of easterly and northeasterly winds forms an MPV in the middle boundary layer, which plays an important role in the maintenance of strong convection. In the following hours, the easterly airflow is continuously deflected northward, but its southerly wind components are largely balanced by the northerly counterpart from the cold surge, so the MPV remained quasi‐stationary until 18:00 UTC, resulting in persistent heavy rainfall in Wanning city. Finally, the sensitivity experiments show that topographic blocking and friction effects also play a decisive role in this EPHR process. Overall, this study fully illustrates the special formation mechanism of a wintertime EPHR event, deepening the mechanistic understanding of EPHR events.
High-fidelity and clean nanotransfer lithography using structure-embedded and electrostatic-adhesive carriers
Authors: Gan Zhuofei , Cai Jingxuan , Sun Zhao , Chen Liyang , Sun Chuying , Yu Junyi , Liang Zeyu , Min Siyi , Han Fei , Liu Yu , Cheng Xing , Yu Shuhui , Cui Dehu , Li Wen-Di 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMetallic nanostructures are becoming increasingly important for both fundamental research and practical devices. Many emerging applications employing metallic nanostructures often involve unconventional substrates that are flexible or nonplanar, making direct lithographic fabrication very difficult. An alternative approach is to transfer prefabricated structures from a conventional substrate; however, it is still challenging to maintain high fidelity and a high yield in the transfer process. In this paper, we propose a high-fidelity, clean nanotransfer lithography method that addresses the above challenges by employing a polyvinyl acetate (PVA) film as the transferring carrier and promoting electrostatic adhesion through triboelectric charging. The PVA film embeds the transferred metallic nanostructures and maintains their spacing with a remarkably low variation of <1%. When separating the PVA film from the donor substrate, electrostatic charges are generated due to triboelectric charging and facilitate adhesion to the receiver substrate, resulting in a high large-area transfer yield of up to 99.93%. We successfully transferred the metallic structures of a variety of materials (Au, Cu, Pd, etc.) with different geometries with a <50-nm spacing, high aspect ratio (>2), and complex 3D structures. Moreover, the thin and flexible carrier film enables transfer on highly curved surfaces, such as a single-mode optical fiber with a curvature radius of 62.5 μm. With this strategy, we demonstrate the transfer of metallic nanostructures for a compact spectrometer with Cu nanogratings transferred on a convex lens and for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) characterization on graphene with reliable responsiveness.
Right to left ventricular volume ratio is associated with mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Toyoshima Katsuaki , Saito Tomoko , Shimokaze Tomoyuki , Katsumata Kaoru , Ohmura Junya , Kimura Sasagu , Aoki Hirosato , Takahashi Megumi , Shibasaki Jun , Kawataki Motoyoshi , Kim Ki-Sung , Shinkai Masato , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Saito Naka , Masutani Satoshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with high neonatal mortality. We performed this study to test the hypothesis that left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography may be associated with mortality in CDH.

Methods
This study was a single-center retrospective cohort study involving 35 infants with CDH. RV and LV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV and LVEDV, respectively) were measured by three-dimensional echocardiography and were corrected by birth body weight (BBW) on day 1. RVEDV/BBW, LVEDV/BBW, and LVEDV/RVEDV were compared between CDH survivors and non-survivors. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive ability for mortality of the echocardiographic parameters.

Results
Comparing CDH non-survivors (n = 6) with survivors (n = 29), respectively, RVEDV/BBW was significantly larger (2.54 ± 0.33 vs 1.86 ± 0.35 ml/kg; P < 0.01), LVEDV/BBW was significantly smaller (0.86 ± 0.21 vs 1.22 ± 0.33 ml/kg; P < 0.001), and LVEDV/RVEDV was significantly lower (0.34 ± 0.06 vs 0.66 ± 0.18; P < 0.001). The area under the curve for LVEDV/RVEDV was the largest (0.98).

Conclusions
Three-dimensional echocardiographic volume imbalance between the RV and LV was remarkable in CDH non-survivors. The LVEDV/RVEDV ratio may be associated with mortality in CDH.

Impact

Mortality with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is high, and evaluating left and right ventricular structures and functions may be helpful in assessing the prognosis.

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography indicated that the left ventricular end-diastolic volume/right ventricular end-diastolic volume ratio within 24 h after birth was associated with mortality in CDH infants.

The usefulness of this ratio should be validated in prospective multicenter studies involving larger numbers of patients.
Blockade of NMT1 enzymatic activity inhibits N-myristoylation of VILIP3 protein and suppresses liver cancer progression
Authors: Tan Xiang-Peng , He Yan , Yang Jing , Wei Xian , Fan You-Long , Zhang Guo-Geng , Zhu Yi-Dong , Li Zheng-Qiu , Liao Hua-Xin , Qin Da-Jiang , Guan Xin-Yuan , Li Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Identification of the underlying mechanism of HCC progression and exploration of new therapeutic drugs are urgently needed. Here, a compound library consisting of 419 FDA-approved drugs was taken to screen potential anticancer drugs. A series of functional assays showed that desloratadine, an antiallergic drug, can repress proliferation in HCC cell lines, cell-derived xenograft (CDX), patient-derived organoid (PDO) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. N-myristoyl transferase 1 (NMT1) was identified as a target protein of desloratadine by drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. Upregulation of NMT1 expression enhanced but NMT1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Metabolic labeling and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that Visinin-like protein 3 (VILIP3) was a new substrate of NMT1 in protein N-myristoylation modification, and high NMT1 or VILIP3 expression was associated with advanced stages and poor survival in HCC. Mechanistically, desloratadine binds to Asn-246 in NMT1 and inhibits its enzymatic activity, disrupting the NMT1-mediated myristoylation of the VILIP3 protein and subsequent NFκB/Bcl-2 signaling. Conclusively, this study demonstrates that desloratadine may be a novel anticancer drug and that NMT1-mediated myristoylation contributes to HCC progression and is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression
Authors: Guo Bingqi , Zhang Mengyao , Hao Wensi , Wang Yuping , Zhang Tingting , Liu Chunyan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMood disorders are associated with elevated inflammation, and the reduction of symptoms after multiple treatments is often accompanied by pro-inflammation restoration. A variety of neuromodulation techniques that regulate regional brain activities have been used to treat refractory mood disorders. However, their efficacy varies from person to person and lack reliable indicator. This review summarizes clinical and animal studies on inflammation in neural circuits related to anxiety and depression and the evidence that neuromodulation therapies regulate neuroinflammation in the treatment of neurological diseases. Neuromodulation therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), all have been reported to attenuate neuroinflammation and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which may be one of the reasons for mood improvement. This review provides a better understanding of the effective mechanism of neuromodulation therapies and indicates that inflammatory biomarkers may serve as a reference for the assessment of pathological conditions and treatment options in anxiety and depression.