bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaffolds and scaffolding: an explanatory strategy in evolutionary biology
Authors: Neto Celso , Meynell Letitia , Jones Christopher T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the explanatory term “scaffold” has been gaining prominence in evolutionary biology. This notion has a long history in other areas, in particular, developmental psychology. In this paper, we connect these two traditions and identify a specific type of explanatory strategy shared between them, namely scaffolding explanations. We offer a new definition of “scaffold” anchored in the explanatory practices of evolutionary biologists and developmental psychologists that has yet to be clearly articulated. We conclude by offering a systematic overview of the various dimensions of scaffolding explanations that further suggests both their usefulness and range of application.
Physiological status of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) along an ozone pollution gradient
Authors: Salaberria Concepción , Chávez-Zichinelli Carlos A. , López-Rull Isabel , Romano Marta C. , Schondube Jorge E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMexico City is one of the most polluted cities in the world, and one in which air contamination is considered a public health threat. Numerous studies have related high concentrations of particulate matter and ozone to several respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and a higher human mortality risk. However, almost all of those studies have focused on human health outcomes, and the effects of anthropogenic air pollution on wildlife species is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impacts of air pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) on house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We assessed two physiological responses commonly used as biomarkers: stress response (the corticosterone concentration in feathers), and constitutive innate immune response (the concentration of both natural antibodies and lytic complement proteins), which are non-invasive techniques. We found a negative relationship between the ozone concentration and the natural antibodies response (p = 0.003). However, no relationship was found between the ozone concentration and the stress response or the complement system activity (p > 0.05). These results suggest that ozone concentrations in air pollution within MCMA may constrain the natural antibody response in the immune system of house sparrows. Our study shows, for the first time, the potential impact of ozone pollution on a wild species in the MCMA presenting the Nabs activity and the house sparrow as suitable indicators to assess the effect of air contamination on the songbirds.
Numerical Study on the Effect of Atmospheric Wind on the Fire Severity in Informal Settlements with Different Dwellings’ Wall Thermal Characteristics
Authors: Lemmertz Calisa Katiuscia , Beshir Mohamed , Rush David , Centeno Felipe Roman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is a persistent risk of large-scale fire conflagrations in informal settlements, which can threaten hundreds of people simultaneously. Although the literature implies that wind conditions have a significant impact on these fires, little is known about how wind conditions affect the dynamics and spread of flames in informal settlements. In order to comprehend the impact of wind conditions (speed and direction) on the time to flashover and fire severity in informal settlement dwellings with different wall thermal characteristics, a numerical study was conducted utilizing the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. For six different wind speeds (1 m/s, 5 m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s and 25 m/s) and two wind directions (side and back wind). Simulations were conducted with full-scale informal settlement dwellings burning wood cribs, analyzing the fuel mass loss rate, hot gas temperature, global equivalence ratio, radiative heat flux outside the door, and time to flashover. In addition, the influence of wall thermal properties was examined for thermally-thin steel-clad and asbestos cement-clad dwellings (thermally-thick). Regardless of wind direction, it was noticed that an increase in wind speed significantly shortened the time required to attain flashover. This was shown to be the result of the wind accelerating the burning rate of the wood cribs and, as a result, the faster temperature rise of the hot gas. Radiative heat fluxes observed outside the door increased with the wind speeds. The direction of the wind had a small effect on the investigated fire characteristics, with the side wind scenarios exhibiting somewhat longer timeframes to flashover. Thermally-thin walled informal settlement dwellings exhibited a greater fire severity, with higher fuel mass loss rates, hot gas layer temperatures, and higher external radiant heat fluxes, as well as shorter timeframes to flashover. These findings indicate that both wind speed and thermal wall characteristics have a substantial impact on the severity of fires in informal settlements and can enhance the risk of fire spread.
Transfer Learning Enabled Bearing Fault Detection Methods Based on Image Representations of Single-Dimensional Signals
Authors: Deveci Bilgin Umut , Celtikoglu Mert , Albayrak Ozlem , Unal Perin , Kirci Pinar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBearings are vital components in rotating machinery. Undetected bearing faults may result not only in financial loss, but also in the loss of lives. Hence, there exists an abundance of studies working on the early detection of bearing faults. The rising use of deep learning in recent years increased the number of imaging types/neural network architectures used for bearing fault classification, making it challenging to choose the most suitable 2-D imaging method and neural network. This study aims to address this challenge, by sharing the results of the training of eighteen imaging methods with four different networks using the same vibration data and training metrics. To further strengthen the results, the validation dataset size was taken as five times the training dataset size. The best results obtained is 99.89% accuracy by using Scattergram Filter Bank 1 as the image input, and ResNet-50 as the network for training. Prior to our work, Scattergram images have never been used for bearing fault classification. Ten out of 72 methods used in this work resulted in accuracies higher than 99.5%.
The impact of different surfactants on the structure, surface area, and electrochemical properties of hydrothermally synthesized spinel NiCo2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Abu El-Fadl A. , Mohammed Mohaned M. M. , Mansour Heba R. , Nashaat A. M. , Abbady Gh. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNiCo2O4 Nanoparticles have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method followed by annealing at a temperature decided based on differential thermal (DTA). Different additives and surfactants were used in preparation under the same synthesis conditions and their effects on the physical properties of spinel nickel cobaltite nanoparticles have been investigated in a fair comparison study. The synthesis products have been characterized by using DTA and TGA measurements, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Modification on the synthesis of the spinel nanoparticles provided high specific capacitance of 2253 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and long-term cyclic stability for 10,000 cycles with 90% capacitance retention.
Microstructural, thermal and mechanical properties of Co added Sn–0.7Cu lead-free solder alloy
Authors: El-Taher A. M. , Abd Elmoniem H. M. , Mosaad S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of cobalt microalloying addition on the microstructural features, thermal characteristics and mechanical behavior of eutectic Sn–0.7wt%Cu lead-free solder alloys. The results show that minor cobalt addition of ~ 0.05 wt% causes significant grain refinement of β-Sn, facilitates the formation of fine fibers (Cu,Co)6Sn5 phases and preventing the formation of η′-Cu6Sn5 phases, whereas a large amount of Co (~ 0.5 wt%) additions accumulated in the (Cu,Co)6Sn5 IMCs and clearly changed into coarse fibers. The precipitation strengthening mechanisms of fine fibers (Cu,Co)6Sn5 in the β-Sn matrix increased the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young’s modulus (Y) of the alloy from 30.5 MPa and 15 GPa to 44.6 MPa and 22.3 GPa, respectively, but the ductility decreased from 60 to 45.7%. The coarse fibers (Cu,Co)6Sn5 in eutectic alloys is of interest from not only increased UTS and Y to 38.7 MPa and 16.3 GPa but also maintaining the ductility at the same level, allowing for unique microstructure design. Furthermore, 0.05wt% of Co significantly reduce the onset, eutectic temperatures and undercooling, although pasty rang has been slightly raised, which may enhance the thermal characteristics. This presumably has important implications for the reliability of solders as well as their performance in electronic service.
Decentralizing Online Food Delivery Services: A Blockchain and IoT Model for Smart Cities
Authors: Tokkozhina Ulpan , Mataloto Bruno Miguel , Martins Ana Lucia , Ferreira Joao C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the worldwide pandemic outbreak, the style of restaurant food consumption underwent a major shift towards online delivery services. This poses an urgent need in trust between main stakeholders of the process: requiring restaurants to correspond to the quality declared, providing high quality and safe to consume meals, and obliging delivery entities to deliver food carefully, scrupulously following the delivery conditions. In this research, we explore a novelty approach that combines IoT, Blockchain technology, and city LoRa network to create a new trusted, decentralized approach for food distribution process in the context of a Smart City. This approach allows controlling the food delivery process using sensors data to control live location, temperature, vibrations, and shakings during the transportation process. We also suggest a fresh perspective on a rating system of delivery entities, where reputation points will be provided both from the side of the restaurant and the final consumer. This will create more trust towards the delivery entity since information will be tamper-proof and immutable due to the nature of Blockchain. This novel system proposal allows rethinking the online food delivery process in the context of Smart City, using the city’s LoRa LPWAN radio frequency technology and Blockchain decentralized solution.
The PYK2 inhibitor PF-562271 enhances the effect of temozolomide on tumor growth in a C57Bl/6-Gl261 mouse glioma model
Authors: Ortiz-Rivera Jescelica , Nuñez Rebeca , Kucheryavykh Yuriy , Kucheryavykh Lilia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The development of resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), a standard chemotherapeutic, limits the effective treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) regulate proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. We found that TMZ activates FAK and Pyk2 signaling in GBM. We hypothesized that pharmacological inhibitors of Pyk2/FAK together with TMZ can enhance the inhibitory effect of TMZ on tumor growth and dispersal and improve the treatment outcome.

Methods
Primary human GBM cell cultures and a C57Bl/6-GL261 mouse glioma implantation model were used. Pyk2 (Tyr579/580) and FAK (Tyr925) phosphorylation was analyzed by western blotting. Viability, cell cycle, migration, invasion and invadopodia formation were investigated in vitro. Animal survival, tumor size and invasion, TUNEL apoptotic cell death and the Ki67 proliferation index were evaluated in vivo upon treatment with TMZ (50 mg/kg, once/day, orally) and the Pyk2/FAK inhibitor PF-562271 (once/daily, 50 mg/kg, orally) vs. TMZ monotherapy.

Results
In vitro studies revealed significantly reduced viability, cell cycle progression, invasion and invadopodia with TMZ (100 µM) + PF-562271 (16 nM) compared with TMZ alone. In vivo studies demonstrated that combinatorial treatment led to prominent reductions in tumor size and invasive margins, extensive signs of apoptosis and a reduced proliferation index, together with a 15% increase in the survival rate in animals, compared with TMZ monotherapy.

Conclusion
TMZ + PF-562271 eliminates TMZ-related Pyk2/FAK activation in GBM and improves the treatment efficacy.
Inhibition of the epigenetically activated miR-483-5p/IGF-2 pathway results in rapid loss of meningioma tumor cell viability
Authors: Uhlmann Erik J. , Mackel Charles E. , Deforzh Evgeny , Rabinovsky Rosalia , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Varma Hemant , Vega Rafael A. , Krichevsky Anna M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Meningioma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor often causing serious complications, and presently no medical treatment is available. The goal of this study was to discover miRNAs dysregulated in meningioma, and explore miRNA-associated pathways amenable for therapeutic interventions.

Methods
Small RNA sequencing was performed on meningioma tumor samples to study grade-dependent changes in microRNA expression. Gene expression was analyzed by chromatin marks, qRT-PCR and western blot. miRNA modulation, anti-IGF-2 neutralizing antibodies, and inhibitors against IGF1R were evaluated in a tumor-derived primary cultures of meningioma cells.

Results
Meningioma tumor samples showed high, grade-dependent expression of miR-483-5p, associated with high mRNA and protein expression of its host gene IGF-2. Inhibition of miR-483-5p reduced the growth of cultured meningioma cells, whereas a miR-483 mimic increased cell proliferation. Similarly, inhibition of this pathway with anti-IGF-2 neutralizing antibodies reduced meningioma cell proliferation. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor blockade of the IGF-2 receptor (IGF1R) resulted in rapid loss of viability of cultured meningioma tumor-derived cells, suggesting that autocrine IGF-2 feedback is obligatory for meningioma tumor cell survival and growth. The observed IGF1R-inhibitory IC50 for GSK1838705A and ceritinib in cell-based assays along with the available pharmacokinetics data predicted that effective drug concentration could be achieved in vivo as a new medical treatment of meningioma.

Conclusion
Meningioma cell growth is critically dependent on autocrine miR-483/IGF-2 stimulation and the IGF-2 pathway provides a feasible meningioma treatment target.
Estuarine response to storm surge and sea-level rise associated with channel deepening: a flood vulnerability assessment of southwest Louisiana, USA
Authors: Mansur Maqsood , Hopkins Julia , Chen Qin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the sensitivity of the Calcasieu Lake estuarine region to channel deepening in southwest Louisiana in the USA. We test the hypothesis that the depth increase in a navigational channel in an estuarine region results in the amplification of the inland penetration of storm surge, thereby increasing the flood vulnerability of the region. We run numerical experiments using the Delft3D modeling suite (validated with observational data) with different historic channel depth scenarios. Model results show that channel deepening facilitates increased water movement into the lake–estuary system during a storm surge event. The inland peak water level increases by 37% in the presence of the deepest channel. Moreover, the peak volumetric flow rate increases by 291.6% along the navigational channel. Furthermore, the tidal prism and the volume of surge prism passing through the channel inlet increase by 487% and 153.3%, respectively. In our study, the presence of the deepest channel results in extra 56.72 km2 of flooded area (approximately 12% increase) which is an indication that channel deepening over the years has rendered the region more vulnerable to hurricane-induced flooding. The study also analyzes the impact of channel deepening on storm surge in estuaries under different future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Simulations suggest that even the most conservative scenario of SLR will cause an approximately 51% increase in flooded area in the presence of the deepest ship channel, thereby suggesting that rising sea level will cause increased surge penetration and increased flood risk.
The structure and dynamics of instrument collaboration networks
Authors: Söderström Kristofer Rolf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComplex scientific questions often require collaboration between scientists to access scientific instruments (deS. Price, Res Policy 13:3–20, 1984; Shrum et al. 2007, Structures of scientific collaboration, The MIT Press, 2007), knowledge and social capital from scientists outside of their immediate networks (Burt, Am J Sociol 110:349–399, 2004; Collins, Tacit and explicit knowledge, University of Chicago Press,https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo8461024.html, 2012; Granovetter, Am J Sociol 78:1360–1380, 1973; Polanyi, Personal knowledge: towards a post-critical philosophy (Repr. (with corr.)). Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962). Synchrotron radiation facilities are a unique case to explore this type of collaboration, as external scientists going to the facility to do their ordinary research work are common. These external users use complex scientific instrumentation that could require the additional accumulated knowledge of internal scientists and staff more familiar with the technical and social aspects of the instruments. These collaborations sometimes result in a co-authored publication with internal staff, employed in these facilities. However, this is not always the case. Data from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) shows that most often, external scientists do not include internal staff in the co-author fields of the subsequent publication from scientific work done in one (or more) instruments in these facilities. Instrument collaboration networks are constructed and analysed over the period 2000–2018 for the different scientific instruments within the facility. A strong relationship between the level of external collaboration and the structure of the networks is found and explored. The results provide further insight into factors that shape collaboration and knowledge transfer, also relevant to policy makers and facility managers seeking to promote these activities.
‘Mind-forg’d Manacles’: Virtual Experience and Innocent Publication
Authors: Rochford Francine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd v Voller (‘Voller’) the Australian High Court held that media companies maintaining Facebook comment pages could be liable for the defamatory posts of commenters on those sites. The decision focussed entirely on whether, by maintaining the Facebook page, the companies had ‘published’ the statements of commenters. Hearings on other aspects of the tort litigation continue. This paper considers the implications of the tort of defamation on public participation on political will formation where, as is increasingly the case, the participation occurs virtually. Australian law has already tackled the law of defamation as a threat to freedom of political communication; Voller continues the jurisprudence by considering whether hosting an online forum for debate amounts to publication. The more recent High Court judgment in Google LLC v Defteros demonstrated the necessity of the law to align the ‘acts’ necessary to found legal action with the new environment of automated search engines. The troubled intersection of dematerialised practices of political and cultural discourse and jurisdictionally bound laws of defamation challenges participatory governance as tribes form and dissolve and shift between geographical interests.Defamation in Australia is a tort of strict liability; and, absenting applicable defences, any participation in communication is sufficient to make that participant a publisher and a party to the defamation. The online environment stretches words across geographical and jurisdictional boundaries, but it also stretches and contorts concepts of fault and responsibility. Participatory digital cultural practices integrating users in the creation of cultural heritage simultaneously draw participants into transgressions, both cultural and legal, which are amplified by the medium. Questions of collective guilt, ‘shades’ of moral responsibility and disproportionality between blameworthiness and legal liability challenge laws formulated for the printing press but now deployed in the online environment. In this way the digitized participatory environment presents deep challenges to law and legal systems, which are chained to geography. This paper considers the concept of innocent publication in the context of the digitized participatory environment and the way in which the virtual experience is dissolving concepts of geographically defined jurisdictions.
Greco’s explanatory salience contextualism revisited
Authors: Bernecker Sven 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccording to Greco’s early explanatory salience contextualism, S knows that p if and only if S’s cognitive abilities are the salient factor in a causal explanation of why S holds a true belief rather than a false belief or no belief at all. Greco abandoned this view because it cannot handle fake barn cases and because it proves impossible to analyze knowledge in terms of a quantitative characterization of explanatory salience. The paper argues that the core idea of explanatory salience contextualism could have been saved if only the causal notion of explanation had been replaced by an abductive notion.
Nine decades of data on environmental chemical pollutant exposure in dogs: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Avila Albert , Prieto Laura , Luna-Acosta Andrea 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, a global concern associated with environmental chemical contamination has emerged as an important risk factor for the development of human diseases. Risk assessment methods based on animal approaches have shown to be very useful as early warning systems. However, questions, knowledge gaps, and limitations still need to be addressed in animals close to humans, such as dogs. The objective of this study was to analyze citation patterns, impact of publications, and most relevant authors, countries, institutional affiliations, and lines of research on environmental chemical contaminants and their relationship with dogs, in terms of exposure and biological effects. For this, a bibliometric analysis was carried out. Results revealed an increase in scientific production on this subject during the last 90 years in journals such as Health Physics, Science of the Total Environment, and Plos One, highlighting authors such as Muggenburg, Sonne, Boecker, and Dietz. The USA, Brazil, Germany, and the UK and universities such as California, Colorado State, and Purdue were the most relevant countries and institutional affiliations in scientific production and collaboration in relation to this topic. There is a growing interest in the development of lines of research related to heavy metals (mercury and lead mainly) and persistent organic compounds (PCBs, PBDEs, pesticides) using dogs as sentinels, as well as new sources of interest related to zoonosis and One Health. Finally, issues related to pollutants, sentinel lymph nodes, and epidemiology appear as new areas of research. These results highlight interesting current challenges and future research perspectives on dogs as sentinels for environmental chemical contamination.