bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil enzyme activities, soil physical properties, photosynthetic physical characteristics and water use of winter wheat after long-term straw mulch and organic fertilizer application
Authors: Yang Yonghui , Liu Hao , Wu Jicheng , Zhang Sensen , Gao Cuimin , Zhang Shuiqing , Tang Darrell W. S. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionInappropriate residue and nutrient management leads to soil degradation and the decline of soil quality and water storage capacity.MethodsAn ongoing field experiment has been conducted since 2011 to investigate the effects of straw mulching (SM), and straw mulching combined with organic fertilizer (SM+O), on winter wheat yield, including a control treatment (CK, no straw). We studied the effects of these treatments on soil microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon, soil enzyme activity in 2019, photosynthetic parameters, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), and yields over five consecutive years (2015-2019). We also analyzed the soil organic carbon, soil structure, field capacity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity in 2015 and 2019. ResultsResults indicate that compared with CK, SM and SM+O treatments increased the proportion of &gt;0.25mm aggregates, soil organic carbon, field capacity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, but decreased the soil bulk density. In addition, the SM and SM+O treatments also increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon, the activity of soil enzymes, and decreased the carbon-nitrogen ratio of microbial biomass. Therefore, SM and SM+O treatments both increased the leaf water use efficiency (LWUE) and photosynthetic rate (Pn), and improved the yields and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat. The combination SM (4.5 t/ha)+O (0.75 t/ha) was more effective than SM alone, and both treatments were superior to the control.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, SM+O is recommended as the most effective cultivation practice.
Transmission of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus isolates carrying optrA and poxtA genes in slaughterhouses
Authors: Ni Juan , Long Xiaoqian , Wang Mengmeng , Ma Jiangang , Sun Yangying , Wang Wen , Yue Min , Yang Hua , Pan Daodong , Tang Biao 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe presence of linezolid-resistant enterococci found in animal-derived food has attracted attention for possible transmission to human-derived enterococci through the food chain. Linezolid-resistant enterococci in farms have been widely reported, but enterococci carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes poxtA, optrA, or cfr(D) in slaughterhouse environments have not been well addressed.MethodsEnterococcus was isolated from the samples collected from two slaughterhouses in Hangzhou, and the Enterococcus carrying linezolidin-resistant genes was identified by PCR. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the Enterococcus carrying linezolidin-resistant genes was determined by microbroth dilution method. Finally, the whole genome of strains carrying two or more linezoline resistance genes was sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore TechnologyResultsHere, 291 enterococci strains were isolated from 309 samples (94.17%). A total of 4 poxtA-positive enterococci and 42 optrA-positive enterococci were identified based on PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the highest rate of florfenicol resistance was 97.82% and the rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 95.65%. Two strains carried multiple linezolid resistance genes, among which Enterococcus casseliflavus CQFYY22-063 cocarrying optrA, poxtA, and cfr(D) was isolated from the duck cecum, and Enterococcus faecium CQFYH22-006 cocarrying optrA and poxtA was isolated from slaughterhouse sewage for the first time. Furthermore, Oxford Nanopore Technology revealed that the optrA gene of strain CQFYY22-063 was located on the Inc18-type plasmid pFYY063-optrA-70K, and the poxtA and cfr(D) genes were located on the Inc18-type plasmid pFYY063- poxtA-12K. Meanwhile, the poxtA gene of strain CQFYH22-006 was located on the Rep3-type plasmid pFYH006-poxtA-25K, and the optrA gene was located on the chromosome.DiscussionTogether, linezolid resistance in slaughterhouses deserves extensive attention, indicating the need to strengthen the monitoring of different links in the food production chain within the One Health concept.
Limb-salvage surgery versus extremity amputation for early-stage bone cancer in the extremities: a population-based study
Authors: Zhu Yixu , Wu Xuesong , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Haijun 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundMany attempts have been made to induce limb salvage as an alternative to amputation for primary bone cancer in the extremities, but efforts to establish its benefits over amputation yielded inconsistent results with regard to outcomes and functional recovery. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and therapeutic efficiency of limb-salvage tumor resection in patients with primary bone cancer in the extremities, and to compare it with extremity amputation.MethodsPatients diagnosed with T1-T2/N0/M0 primary bone cancer in the extremities between 2004 and 2019 were retrospectively identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database. Cox regression models were used to test for statistical differences between overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The cumulative mortality rates (CMRs) for non-cancer comorbidities were also estimated. The evidence level in this study was Level IV.ResultsA total of 2,852 patients with primary bone cancer in the extremities were included in this study, among which 707 died during the study period. Of the patients, 72.6% and 20.4% underwent limb-salvage resection and extremity amputation, respectively. In patients with T1/T2-stage bone tumors in the extremities, limb-salvage resection was associated with significantly better OS and DSS than extremity amputation (OS: adjusted HR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.77; p &lt; 0.001; DSS: adjusted HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58–0.84; p &lt; 0.001). Limb-salvage resection was associated with significantly better OS and DSS than extremity amputation for patients with limb osteosarcoma (OS: adjusted HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55–0.87; p = 0.001; DSS: adjusted HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57–0.94; p = 0.01). Mortality from cardiovascular diseases and external injuries was remarkably declined in primary bone cancer in the extremities patients who underwent limb-salvage resection (cardiovascular diseases, p = 0.005; external injuries, p = 0.009).ConclusionLimb-salvage resection exhibited excellent oncological superiority for T1/2-stage primary bone tumors in the extremities. We recommend that patients with resectable primary bone tumors in the extremities undergo limb-salvage surgery as the first choice of treatment.
Facilitators and Barriers to HPV Self-Sampling as a Cervical Cancer Screening Option among Women Living with HIV in Rural Uganda
Authors: Nyabigambo Agnes , Mayega Roy William , Hlongwana Khumbulani , Ginindza Themba Geoffrey 
Published: May 2023

Background: There is a paucity of studies exploring women living with HIV’s (WLWH) experiences relating to human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling as cervical cancer (CC) screening approach, either at the clinic or at the home setting, using qualitative methods. Our study explored facilitators and barriers to HPV self-sampling as a CC screening approach among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women, as supported by the new WHO guidelines of using the HPV test as a screening modality. Methods: The study was guided by the health promotion model (HPM), which helps individuals achieve higher levels of well-being. The phenomenology design was used to explore the deeper facilitators and barriers of women regarding self-sampling, either at home or in clinical settings, at Luweero District Hospital, Uganda. The in-depth interview (IDI) guide was translated from English to Luganda. Qualitative data analysis was guided by content analysis techniques. The transcripts were coded in NVivo 20.7.0. The coded text was used to generate categories of analytically meaningful data that guided the formation of themes, the interpretation of results, and the final write-up. Results: WLWH were motivated to screen for HPV using the clinic-based approach because of perceived early diagnosis and treatment, visualization of the cervix, and free service, while reduced distance, privacy and the smooth sample collection kit were motivators for the home-based approach. A barrier that cut across the two HPV self-sampling approaches was a lack of knowledge about HPV. The barriers to clinic-based HPV self-sampling screening included lack of privacy, perceived painful procedures for visual inception under acetic acid (VIA), and fear of finding the disease. Stigma and discrimination were reported as the major barriers to the home-based HPV self-sampling approach. The major reasons why some WLWH refused to screen were fear of finding the disease, stress, and financial disruptions related to being diagnosed with CC disease. Conclusions: Therefore, early diagnosis for HPV and CC enhances clinic-based HPV self-sampling, while privacy enhances the home-based HPV self-sampling approach. However, fear of finding a disease and the lack of knowledge of HPV and CC hinders HPV self-sampling. Finally, designing pre- and post-testing counselling programs in HIV care is likely to increase the demand for HPV self-sampling.
Fabrication and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe–Si–Cr Composites with Double-Insulating Layers Suitable for High-Frequency Power Applications
Authors: Huang Zhenyi , Huang Huaqin , He Hao , Li Kaixuan , Wu Zhaoyang , Wang Rui 
Published: May 2023

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are composed of alloy materials with the core and insulating layers as the shell. These composites exhibit high saturation magnetic sensitivity and low hysteresis loss, making them a promising material for various applications. The investigation of double layers is considered valuable as it can effectively address the issues of low resistivity and high dynamic loss that arise from non-uniform insulating layers in SMCs. In this study, Fe-Si-Cr/SiO2 particles with a core–shell heterostructure were produced via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The Fe-Si-Cr/SiO2 materials were coated with different weight percentages (1–6%) of sodium silicate (SS). Subsequently, Fe-Si-Cr-based SMCs were synthesized through high-pressure molding and heat treatment. The effect of the SS weight percentage on microscopic changes and magnetic characteristics was investigated. These findings indicated that a concentration of 4 wt% of SS was the most effective at enhancing magnetic characteristics. The resultant SMCs exhibited high resistivity (21.07 mΩ·cm), the lowest total loss (P10 mt/300 kHz of 44.23 W/kg), a relatively high saturation magnetization (181.8 emu/g), and permeability (35.9). Furthermore, it was observed that the permeability exhibited stabilization at lower frequencies. According to these findings, the combination of CVD and double layers could lead to the further development of SMCs in a variety of applications.
Oral Myco- and Bacteriobiota and Yeast Infections in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Gregorczyk-Maga Iwona , Kania Michal , Sulik-Tyszka Beata , Namysł Magdalena , Sepioło Anna , Romaniszyn Dorota , Jachowicz-Matczak Estera , Wójkowska-Mach Jadwiga 
Published: May 2023

Critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit are at risk of developing invasive candidiasis. In this study we aimed to (1) characterize oral cultivable mycobiota of mechanically ventilated adult COVID-19 patients in an ICU setting by sampling four distinct oral niches in two fixed time points with regards to oral health status, (2) investigate Candida spp. infections in this population, and (3) compare oral mycobiota with selected bacteriobiota strains during the observation in the ICU. We recruited 56 adult COVID-19 patients who qualified for mechanical ventilation. Patients received either standard or extended oral care procedures with tooth brushing. Oral samples were taken first within 36 h and after 7 days of intubation. Yeast-like fungi were identified by MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry. Yeast infection cases were retrospectively analyzed. Candida spp. in oral sampling was identified in 80.4% and 75.7%, C. albicans in 57.1% and 61.1%, and non-albicans Candida species in 48.2% and 47.2% patients at baseline and follow-up, respectively. There were no differences in the overall CFU counts of Candida spp. species and individual Candida species in oral samples, both at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, a higher prevalence of Candida spp. was associated with a higher identification rate of Lactobacillus spp. (64.4% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.041). At follow-up, there was a borderline lower prevalence of Candida spp. in patients with Lactobacillus spp. identified (57.1% vs. 87.0%, p = 0.057). The incidence rate of candidiasis was 5.4% and the incidence density was 3.1/1000 pds. In conclusion, non-albicans Candida species in oral samples were identified in nearly half of patients. Oral health was moderately impaired. A high incidence of yeast infections, including invasive cases, in patients hospitalized in the ICU due to COVID-19 and requiring mechanical ventilation was noted. Severe COVID-19 and disease-specific interventions within the ICU possibly played a major role promoting Candida spp. infections.
Problema Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Bandung
Authors: Handayani Yuni Sri 
Published: May 2023

Sebagaimana di kota-kota besar lainnya, permasalahan penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) juga terjadi di Kota Bandung. Salah satu penyebab lambatnya peningkatan prosentase luasan RTH khususnya RTH publik di kota besar adalah karena tingginya tingkat konversi lahan. Perubahan guna lahan dari lahan-lahan pertanian, perkebunan dan bahkan dari lahan yang memang sudah ditetapkan sebagai zona hijau dalam dokumen tata ruang kerap terjadi dengan alasan kebutuhan penyediaan hunian dan aktifitasnya. Mengatasi permasalahan ini, Pemerintah Kota Bandung menerapkan kebijakan Koefisien Daerah Hijau (KDH), kontribusi pihak ketiga dalam penyediaan RTH dan optimalisasi lahan makam sebagai upaya peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas RTH. Paper ini akan mengidentifikasi isu-isu strategis terkait RTH di Kota Bandung dan mengevaluasi sejauhmana efektifitas kebijakan yang sudah diterapkan dalam rangka mengupayakan peningkatan prosentase RTH publik di Kota Bandung. Terdapat korelasi antara kebijakan yang sudah diaplikasikan dengan peningkatan jumlah RTH Publik namun kontribusinya tidak signifikan karena munculnya permasalahan-permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan ada 3 (tiga) isu utama dalam problema RTH di Kota Bandung yaitu isu kebijakan, teknis dan kelembagaan/pengelolaan. Isu kebijakan menyoroti optimalisasi kebijakan dalam upaya peningkatan RTH publik, isu teknis membahas tentang potensi peningkatan RTH melalui pendekatan ekologis dan isu kelembagaan membahas tentang penanganan RTH yang bersifat partial (menjadi kewenangan beberapa Perangkat Derah). Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan perubahan kebijakan terkait perencanaan RTH, usulan optimalisasi kualitas RTH dan optimalisasi birokrasi khususnya dalam pengelolaan RTH di sektor perumahan.
peningkatan prosentase RTH publik di Kota Bandung. Terdapat korelasi antara kebijakan yang sudah diaplikasikan dengan peningkatan jumlah RTH Publik namun kontribusinya tidak signifikan karena munculnya permasalahan-permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan ada 3 (tiga) isu utama dalam problema RTH di Kota Bandung yaitu isu kebijakan, teknis dan kelembagaan/pengelolaan. Isu kebijakan menyoroti optimalisasi kebijakan dalam upaya peningkatan RTH publik, isu teknis membahas tentang potensi peningkatan RTH melalui pendekatan ekologis dan isu kelembagaan membahas tentang penanganan RTH yang bersifat partial (menjadi kewenangan beberapa Perangkat Derah). Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan perubahan kebijakan terkait perencanaan RTH, usulan optimalisasi kualitas RTH dan optimalisasi birokrasi khususnya dalam pengelolaan RTH di sektor perumahan.
Kata Kunci: Evaluasi, Kebijakan, Ruang Terbuka Hijau, Kota Bandung
Par -spatial : l’espace temporalisé ; par -temporel : le temps spatialisé ?
Authors: Kwon Song-Nim 
Published: May 2023

Le but de ce travail est de montrer que dans le cas de la préposition par, les deux dimensions temporelle et spatiale sont associées à tel point que l’on a l ’impression que les emplois spatio-temporels de cette préposition ont évolué vers cette rencontre.
L ’étude de par -spatial fait ressortir notamment le fait que sa dimension spatiale est en relation avec les limites de notre champ perceptuel. La portion d’espace définie par le locuteur est un espace vécu, autrement dit un espace temporalisé. Par -temporel, qui a été employé en ancien français pour indiquer principalement une durée purement temporelle (par trois jours, etc.), a considérablement évolué au cours des siècles. Dans l’usage actuel, il ne véhicule plus que la notion de temps spatialisé (par un beau jour de juin/ Quoique plus discrètement, l’emploi spatial est également marqué par cette évolution. Les énoncés tels que Paul est par le bois ou bien Paul se promène par la chambre, condamnés actuellement ont jadis été couramment employés.
En ce qui concerne l’emploi de lieu de passage, la comparaison avec à travers nous permet de constater que dans cet emploi, la spatialité n ’ est pas l’évocation de par. Par implique dans ce cas plutôt l’idée de choix d’un lieu ou d’un instrument facilitant le passage que le sujet peut avoir lors du déplacement d’un lieu à l ’autre.
Les tendances des structures phonologiques : le poids de la forme sur la substance typologie, modélisation et ontogenèse
Authors: Boë Louis-Jean , Schwartz Jean-Luc , Vallée Nathalie 
Published: May 2023

En nous plaçant dans le cadre d’une linguistique orientée substance, nous tentons de montrer que les grandes tendances des structures sonores des langues du monde peuvent s ’expliquer, en partie, par des contraintes sensorimotrices. Nous replaçons cette hypothèse dans le cadre historique de l’émergence de la phonologie, à la fin des années 1920. Nous illustrons - dans la voie ouverte par Liljencrants et Lindblom en 1972 - la possibilité d’une substantialisation de la phonologie grâce aux avancées de la phonétique dans les domaines de la typologie des langues, de la prédiction des structures sonores et de l 'interprétation des données de l’ontogenèse de la parole.
Autant d’éléments pour une nouvelle négociation forme/substance, rendue de plus en plus nécessaire par la remise en cause de l'arbitraire linguistique des distinctivités phonologiques.
L’approche macrosyntaxique en syntaxe : un nouveau modèle de rasoir d’Occam contre les notions inutiles ?
Authors: Deulofeu Henri-José 
Published: May 2023

Malgré les progrès dans l’analyse syntaxique, il existe, dans toutes les langues, bien des types d ’énoncés que les modèles habituels ne permettent pas de décrire. Ainsi en français, on a encore recours à des concepts ad hoc : « nominativus pendens », « épexégèse » pour décrire des énoncés tels que : ;
Le piano les doigts sont très importants (nominativus pendens) ;
Je suis parti. Avec Marie. Parce qu’il le fallait bien, (épexegèse ou complément «différé ») ;
La première partie de l'article détaille les raisons pour lesquelles les linguistes ont toujours eu du mal à décrire ces énoncés : champ d’observation limité aux phrases écrites canoniques, difficulté à concevoir la langue comme un système de communication, sans la réduire à un moyen de transmission de l'information.
Dans la deuxième partie, on propose de résoudre ces difficultés en construisant un modèle syntaxique à deux composantes, l’une décrivant les constructions grammaticales (microsyntaxe), l’autre les autres types de constructions présentes dans les langues, notamment celles de nature parataxique (macrosyntaxe). Il est montré qu ’un tel modèle permet de décrire, sans recours à des concepts ad hoc la plupart des énoncés qui font difficulté aux modèles syntaxiques à une seule composante.
Needle Angle Matters: An Investigation of the Effect of Needle Angle on Hemodialysis Cannulation Skill
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Petersen Lydia , Bible Joe , Geissler Judy , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Brouwer-Maier Deborah , Singapogu Ravikiran 
Published: May 2023

Key Points

Three metrics that quantify cannulation skill on the basis of needle angle are introduced.All three needle angle metrics were demonstrated to be useful in predicting cannulation outcomes on the simulator.

Background
Cannulation is critical for maintaining a functional vascular access for patients on hemodialysis. However, relatively little is known about the quantitative aspects of needle insertion dynamics required for skilled cannulation. In this article, we introduce three kinds of metrics that quantify needle insertion angle—recognized as important for safe and effective cannulation—during cannulation on an instrumented simulator for skill assessment. Three questions were examined in this study: (1) Are simulator-based needle angle metrics related to cannulation success? (2) Are needle angle metrics related to simulated blood flashback quality? and (3) Can needle angle metrics be used to distinguish between high and low skill levels?

Methods
Fifty-one cannulators with varying degrees of clinical experience performed cannulation on the instrumented simulator. Each participant cannulated 16 times on different fistulas with varying geometries. During each trial, needle angle along with other sensor data was obtained through a motion sensor placed inside the needle. Data analysis was conducted by relating needle angle over time with our previously validated simulator-based cannulation outcome metrics.

Results
The results revealed that all three types of needle angle metrics were useful in predicting the probability of cannulation success. In addition, they were also correlated with flashback quality metrics. Furthermore, these metrics successfully distinguished between high and low performers regardless of whether they were classified using subjective ratings or objective scores. These results indicate that needle insertion angle is an important component of cannulation skill.

Conclusions
The simulator-based metrics for needle insertion angle presented in this work measure a key aspect of skilled cannulation. As such, if implemented in a structured way, these metrics could lead to competency-based skill assessment and training for cannulation in the future. Raising the bar of cannulation skill of our clinicians can have a tangible effect on patient outcomes.