bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Spatial Attention
Authors: Jing Ying , Numssen Ole , Weise Konstantin , Kalloch Benjamin , Buchberger Lena , Haueisen Jens , Hartwigsen Gesa , Knösche Thomas R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used to modulate brain activity in healthy and diseased brains, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Previous research leveraged biophysical modeling of the induced electric field (E-field) to map causal structure-function relationships in the primary motor cortex. This study aims at transferring this localization approach to spatial attention, which helps to understand the TMS effects on cognitive functions, and may ultimately optimize stimulation schemes.ApproachThirty right-handed healthy participants underwent a functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) experiment, and seventeen of them participated in a TMS experiment. The individual fMRI activation peak within the right inferior parietal lobule (rIPL) during a Posner-like attention task defined the center target for TMS. Thereafter, participants underwent 500 Posner task trials. During each trial, a 5-pulse burst of 10 Hz repetitive TMS (rTMS) was given over the rIPL to modulate attentional processing. The TMS-induced E-fields for every cortical target were correlated with the behavioral modulation to identify relevant cortical regions for attentional orientation and reorientation.Main resultsWe did not observe a robust correlation between E-field strength and behavioral outcomes, highlighting the challenges of transferring the localization method to cognitive functions with high neural response variability and complex network interactions. Nevertheless, TMS selectively inhibited attentional reorienting in five out of seventeen subjects, resulting in task-specific behavioral impairments. The BOLD-measured neuronal activity and TMS-evoked neuronal effects showed different patterns, which emphasizes the principal distinction between the neural activity being correlated with (or maybe even caused by) particular paradigms, and the activity of neural populations exerting a causal influence on the behavioral outcome.SignificanceThis study is the first to explore the mechanisms of TMS-induced attentional modulation through electrical field modeling. Our findings highlight the complexity of cognitive functions and provide a basis for optimizing attentional stimulation protocols.
Fluid mechanics of luminal transport in actively contracting endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Htet Pyae Hein , Avezov Edward , Lauga Eric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the largest cellular compartment, harbours the machinery for the biogenesis of secretory proteins and lipids, calcium storage/mobilisation, and detoxification. It is shaped as layered membranous sheets interconnected with a network of tubules extending throughout the cell. Understanding the influence of the ER morphology dynamics on molecular transport may offer clues to rationalising neuro-pathologies caused by ER morphogen mutations. It remains unclear, however, how the ER facilitates its intra-luminal mobility and homogenises its content. It has been recently proposed that intra-luminal transport may be enabled by active contractions of ER tubules. To surmount the barriers to empirical studies of the minuscule spatial and temporal scales relevant to ER nanofluidics, here we exploit the principles of viscous fluid dynamics to generate a theoretical physical model emulatingin silicothe content motion in actively contracting nanoscopic tubular networks. The computational model reveals the luminal particle speeds, and their impact in facilitating active transport, of the active contractile behaviour of the different ER components along various time-space parameters. The results of the model indicate that reproducing transport with velocities similar to those reported experimentally in single particle tracking would require unrealistically high values of tubule contraction site length and rate. Considering further nanofluidic scenarios, we show that width contractions of the ER’s flat domains (perinuclear sheets) generate local flows with only a short-range effect on luminal transport. Only contractions of peripheral sheets can reproduce experimental measurements, provided they are able to contract fast enough.
Class switching is differentially regulated in RBC alloimmunization and vaccination
Authors: Prakash Anupam , Medved Jelena , Arneja Abhinav , Niebuhr Conrad , Li Andria N. , Tarrah Soraya , Boscia Alexis R. , Burnett Emily D. , Singh Aanika , Salazar Juan E. , Xu Wenhao , Santhanakrishnan Manjula , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Luckey Chance John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies of human patients have shown that most anti-RBC alloantibodies are IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses, though it is unclear why transfused RBCs preferentially drive these subclasses over others. Though mouse models allow for the mechanistic exploration of class-switching, previous studies of RBC alloimmunization in mice have focused more on the total IgG response than the relative distribution, abundance, or mechanism of IgG subclass generation. Given this major gap, we compared the IgG subclass distribution generated in response to transfused RBCs relative to protein in alum vaccination, and determined the role of STAT6 in their generation.Study Design and MethodsWT mice were either immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA or transfused with HOD RBCs and levels of anti-HEL IgG subtypes were measured using end-point dilution ELISAs. To study the role of STAT6 in IgG class-switching, we first generated and validated novel STAT6 KO mice using CRISPR/cas9 gene editing. STAT6 KO mice were then transfused with HOD RBCs or immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA, and IgG subclasses were quantified by ELISA.ResultsWhen compared to antibody responses to Alum/HEL-OVA, transfusion of HOD RBCs induced lower levels of IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2c but similar levels of IgG3. Class switching to most IgG subtypes remained largely unaffected in STAT6 deficient mice in response to HOD RBC transfusion, with the one exception being IgG2b. In contrast, STAT6 deficient mice showed altered levels of all IgG subtypes following Alum vaccination.DiscussionOur results show that anti-RBC class-switching occurs via alternate mechanisms when compared to the well-studied immunogen alum vaccination.
Selection of optimal cell lines for high-content phenotypic screening
Authors: Heinrich Louise , Kumbier Karl , Li Li , Altschuler Steven P. , Wu Lani F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh-content microscopy offers a scalable approach to screen against multiple targets in a single pass. Prior work has focused on methods to select “optimal” cellular readouts in microscopy screens. However, methods to select optimal cell line models have garnered much less attention. Here, we provide a roadmap for how to select the cell line or lines that are best suited to identify bioactive compounds and their mechanism of action (MOA). We test our approach on compounds targeting cancer-relevant pathways, ranking cell lines in two tasks: detecting compound activity (“phenoactivity”) and grouping compounds with similar MOA by similar phenotype (“phenosimilarity”). Evaluating six cell lines across 3214 well-annotated compounds, we show that optimal cell line selection depends on both the task of interest (e.g. detecting phenoactivity vs. inferring phenosimilarity) and distribution of MOAs within the compound library. Given a task of interest and set of compounds, we provide a systematic framework for choosing optimal cell line(s). Our framework can be used to reduce the number of cell lines required to identify hits within a compound library and help accelerate the pace of early drug discovery.
Restructuring of an asymmetric neural circuit during associative learning
Authors: Tang Leo T.H. , Lee Garrett A. , Cook Steven J. , Ho Jacquelin , Potter Cassandra C. , Bülow Hannes E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAsymmetric brain function is common across the animal kingdom and involved in language processing, and likely in learning and memory. What regulates asymmetric brain function remains elusive. Here, we show that the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansrestructures an asymmetric salt sensing neural circuit during associative learning. Worms memorize and prefer the salt concentration at which they were raised in the presence of food through a left-biased network architecture. When conditioned at elevated salt concentrations, animals change the left-biased to a right-biased network, which explains the changed salt-seeking behavior. The changes in circuit architecture require new synapse formation induced through asymmetric, paracrine insulin-signaling. Therefore, experience-dependent changes in asymmetric network architecture rely on paracrine insulin signaling and are fundamental to learning and behavior.
Behavioral and transcriptomic changes following brain-specific loss of noradrenergic transmission
Authors: Isingrini Elsa , Guinaudie Chloé , Perret Léa , Guma Elisa , Gorgievski Victor , Blum Ian D. , Colby-Milley Jessica , Bairachnaya Maryia , Mella Sébastien , Adamantidis Antoine , Storch Kay-Florian , Giros Bruno 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTNoradrenaline (NE) plays an integral role in shaping behavioral outcomes including anxiety/depression, fear, learning and memory, attention and shifting behavior, sleep-wake state, pain, and addiction. However, it is unclear whether dysregulation of NE release is a cause or a consequence of maladaptive orientations of these behaviors, many of which associated with psychiatric disorders.To address this question, we used a unique genetic model in which the brain-specific Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 (VMAT2) gene expression was removed in NE-positive neurons disabling NE release in the entire brain. We engineered VMAT2 gene splicing and NE depletion by crossing floxed VMAT2 mice with mice expressing the Cre-recombinase under the DBH gene promotor. In this study, we performed a comprehensive behavioral and transcriptomic characterization of the VMAT2DBHcreKO mice to evaluate the role of central NE in behavioral modulations.We demonstrated that NE depletion induces anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects, improves contextual fear memory, alters shifting behavior, decreases the locomotor response to amphetamine, and induces deeper sleep during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) phase. In contrast, NE depletion did not affect spatial learning and memory, working memory, response to cocaine, and the architecture of the sleep-wake cycle. Finally, we used this model to identify genes that could be up- or down-regulated in the absence of NE release. We found an up-regulation of the Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2c (SV2c) gene expression in several brain regions, including the locus coeruleus (LC), and were able to validate this up-regulation as a marker of vulnerability to chronic social defeat.
DENND2B activates Rab35 at the intercellular bridge regulating cytokinetic abscission and tetraploidy
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Francis Vincent , Ioannou Maria S. , Aguila Adriana , Banks Emily , Kulasekaran Gopinath , Khan Maleeha , McPherson Peter S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCytokinesis is the final stage of cell division. Successful cytokinesis requires membrane trafficking pathways regulated by Rabs, molecular switches activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Late in cytokinesis, an intercellular cytokinetic bridge (ICB) connecting the two daughter cells undergoes abscission, which requires depolymerization of actin. Rab35 recruits MICAL1 to oxidate and depolymerize actin filaments. We report that DENND2B, a protein previously implicated in cancer, mental retardation and multiple congenital disorders functions as a GEF for Rab35 and recruits and activates the GTPase at the ICB. Unexpectedly, the N-terminal region of DENND2B interacts with an active mutant of Rab35, suggesting that DENND2B is both a Rab35 GEF and effector. Knockdown of DENND2B delays abscission resulting in increased multinucleated cells and overaccumulation of F-actin at the ICB. F-actin accumulation leads to formation of a chromatin bridge, a process known to activate the NoCut/abscission checkpoint, and DENND2B knockdown actives Aurora B kinase, a hallmark of checkpoint activation. This study identifies DENND2B as a crucial player in cytokinetic abscission and provides insight into the multisystem disorder associated with DENND2B mutation.
Investigating determinants of willingness to buy genetically modified foods: an approach of structural equation modeling
Authors: Aliasgharzadeh Soghra , Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Barzegari Maliheh 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe tendency towards genetically modified (GM) food consumption and production is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing the general population's willingness to buy GM foods in Iran.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model was derived and tested via the primary data gathered from 450 individuals recruited from ten districts of Tabriz, Iran. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was carried out to identify the relationship between related constructs and willingness to buy GM foods.FindingsResults indicated that attitudes towards GM technology and foods along with trust in GM institutes were positive determinants of willingness to buy, while knowledge had a significantly negative impact. Accordingly, the most potent factors influencing consumers' willingness to buy include attitude, which is affected by moral and ethical concerns, and trust followed by knowledge.Originality/valueThe results of this study can help policymakers, farmers, and food industries to make appropriate decisions about the application of gene technology in food production and also cultivation of such products in developing countries such as Iran, where people have little information about these products, despite the import and supply of GM foods.
CSR orientation for competitive advantage in business-to-business markets of emerging economies: the mediating role of trust and corporate reputation
Authors: Salam Mohammad Asif , Jahed Mohammed Abu 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the link between corporate social responsibility orientation (CSRO) and competitive advantage (CA) in the context of emerging economies. More specifically, the mediating role of intangible resources, namely, trust and corporate reputation (CR), is investigated to explain the above linkage.

Design/methodology/approach
This study considered a sample of 326 Saudi Arabian businesses that have extensive business-to-business operations across international markets. The analysis uses the partial least-squares-based structural equation model, involving first- and second-order constructs and mediation tests using the Hayes PROCESS macro.

Findings
The results confirm that the relationship between CSRO and CA is partially mediated. Moreover, CSRO does have a direct as well as an indirect positive impact on CA via the two intangible resources, e.g. trust and CR. In addition, results support the serial mediation model where CSRO was found to exercise its influence on CA via trust and CR in a sequential manner.

Research limitations/implications
This study enriches the limited literature on CSRO in the context of emerging economies. However, further studies should explore the opposite relationship, i.e. the impact of CA on CSRO. In addition, the authors believe that it would also be useful to study the moderating role of the industry sectors.

Practical implications
From a practical point of view, this study suggests new applications with respect to the link between CSRO and CA. To enhance their company’s CA, managers need to ensure that intangible resources are managed efficiently.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature by examining how a firm’s intangible resources mediate between CSRO and CA. Second, originality is related to studying the link between CSRO and the trust and reputation of business organizations in emerging economies. Third, the findings suggest that the scope of a business is more than being responsible to its stakeholders, and stakeholder-driven CSRO leads to sustainable CA.
Individual determinants of Mediterranean diet adherence among urban Lebanese adult residents
Authors: Malakieh Roubina , El Khoury Veronique , Boumosleh Jocelyne Matar , Obeid Cecile , Jaalouk Doris 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Many studies revealed positive health impacts of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), especially on metabolic disorders. Conversely, in Lebanon, recent information about determinants of adherence to the MedDiet are limited. This study aimed to examine the individual determinants of MedDiet adherence among adults in Lebanon.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was carried out during July 2021 among a convenient sample of 326 Lebanese adults. Data from participants were collected via an online survey developed by study researchers, composed of two well-structured questionnaires: a background questionnaire and a 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS).

Findings
The mean MedDiet score in the total sample was 7.59 ± 2.22, reflecting moderate/fair MedDiet adherence. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and olive oil met the recommended MedDiet intake among most participants. Older age and having a regular routine of physical activity emerged as significant independent determinants of better MedDiet adherence.

Originality/value
Future public health interventions aiming at promoting MedDiet adherence shall target predominantly younger age groups of the Lebanese population and incorporate strategies to boost physical activity among target groups.
Does workplace incivility spur deviant behaviors: roles of interpersonal conflict and organizational climate
Authors: Zahid Ayesha , Nauman Shazia 
Published: January 2023

PurposeBuilding on the conservation of resources theory, this research explored the processes underlying the association between perceived workplace incivility and deviant behaviors. Specifically, we tested a mediating mechanism, an interpersonal conflict that has received less consideration in the workplace incivility literature. The authors also tested the organizational climate (i.e. a resource) as a moderator in the perceived workplace incivility–employees’ deviant work behavior relationship.Design/methodology/approachTime-lagged research design was followed to explain the relationship of variables. Survey data were collected at time 1 and time 2 from 220 service sector working professionals to test the proposed model.FindingsThe findings suggest that intrapersonal conflict partially mediates the workplace incivility–deviant work behavior relationship. Further, the authors found that the harmful effects of workplace incivility on employees’ deviant work behavior attenuate in the presence of organizational climate as a resource. The results shed light on the beneficial consequences of organizational climate on employees’ work behavior by attenuating workplace incivility and mitigating their deviant work behaviors.Originality/valueOverall, the study contributed to understanding the mediating role of interpersonal conflict and the moderating role of organizational climate in explaining the workplace incivility–deviant work behavior relationship.
Veldt fires in South Africa: Implications on osteometry and the biological profile
Authors: Liebenberg Maritza , Liebenberg Leandi , Krüger Gabriele C. , L'Abbé Ericka N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStandard operating procedures for forensic anthropological analyses dictate that thermally altered remains should not be measured, hindering the creation of a biological profile. Few studies have addressed estimating biological parameters from burned remains, with the greatest focus of this research area being on cremated remains. However, veldt fires are more common than cremation in the South African forensic context. The aim of this study was to explore the degree of structural changes observed in domestic pig (Sus scrofa) bones associated with thermal destruction and the potential impact on the estimation of a biological profile using standard osteometric methods. A total of 96 pig femora were divided equally into two categories: fresh and dry. Within each category, equal samples were exposed to different durations of burning, namely, 5, 10, and 20 min. Ten standard femoral anthropological measurements were collected before and after burning. Technical error of measurement and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to assess changes in the femoral dimensions before and after burning. Most measurements were significantly different after burning, with the fresh bones decreasing in size by up to 7.8% and the dry bones decreasing in size by up to 4.0%. The magnitude of post‐burning measurement changes for both burn conditions was similar to, or smaller than has previously been reported for observer measurement errors of commonly used variables investigated for standard osteometric studies. Veldt fires are less intense than cremation, thus causing less shrinkage.
Changing diagnostic patterns in cases of sudden and unexpected natural death in infants and young children: 1994–2018
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Tan Luzern 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo determine whether there has been a change in the incidence and type of conditions causing sudden and unexpected natural death in infants and young children in recent years.MethodsA search was undertaken of pathology records at Forensic Science SA in Adelaide, Australia for all cases of sudden and unexpected natural death in children aged less than 10 years at the time of death over two time periods: 1994–1998 and 2014–2018.ResultsOverall, 136 cases were identified consisting of 81 boys and 55 girls (M:F = 16:11; age range 0–9 years). No difference was shown in the numbers of sudden unexplained deaths in infants and young children between the two time periods (80 vs. 56; p = 0.18). A trend was shown for a prominent decrease in SIDS cases (55 vs. 12) with an increase in undetermined cases, <1 year (5 vs. 18). However, when the two categories were combined there was no statistical difference between the two periods (60/80 vs. 30/56) (p = 0.26), although a decrease in numbers had occurred.ConclusionAnalysis of numbers of fatalities reported from medicolegal institutes should be undertaken with an awareness of the potential effect of diagnostic shift.
Occupational choice and entrepreneurship: From necessity to opportunity
Authors: Distefano Rosaria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a simple agency model with a monopolist lender and an individual facing an occupational choice between entering the labor market as a wage worker and starting a self‐managed business. We show that, when the reservation utility is relatively low, the lender may not want to offer any credit contract, so the individual is forced to become a wage worker out of necessity, whereas when the reservation utility is high, the bank may find it profitable to finance the investment project, and the individual can choose to become an entrepreneur out of opportunity.