bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid post-quantum Transport Layer Security formal analysis in Maude-NPA and its parallel version
Authors: Tran Duong Dinh , Do Canh Minh , Escobar Santiago , Ogata Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2023

This article presents a security formal analysis of the hybrid post-quantum Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, a quantum-resistant version of the TLS protocol proposed by Amazon Web Services as a precaution in dealing with future attacks from quantum computers. In addition to a classical key exchange algorithm, the proposed protocol uses a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, which is believed invulnerable under quantum computers, so the protocol’s key negotiation is called the hybrid key exchange scheme. One of our assumptions about the intruder’s capabilities is that the intruder is able to break the security of the classical key exchange algorithm by utilizing the power of large quantum computers. For the formal analysis, we use Maude-NPA and a parallel version of Maude-NPA (called Par-Maude-NPA) to conduct experiments. The security properties under analysis are (1) the secrecy property of the shared secret key established between two honest principals with the classical key exchange algorithm, (2) a similar secrecy property but with the post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and (3) the authentication property. Given the time limit T = 1,722 h (72 days), Par-Maude-NPA found a counterexample of (1) at depth 12 in T, while Maude-NPA did not find it in T. At the same time T, Par-Maude-NPA did not find any counterexamples of (2) and (3) up to depths 12 and 18, respectively, and neither did Maude-NPA. Therefore, the protocol does not enjoy (1), while it enjoys (2) and (3) up to depths 12 and 18, respectively. Subsequently, the secrecy property of the master secret holds for the protocol up to depth 12.
Research on the coupling coordination and driving role of urbanization and ecological resilience in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Xiao Sheng , Duo Linghua , Guo Xiaofei , Zou Zili , Li Yanan , Zhao Dongxue 
Published: September 2023

Background
The growth of urbanization in the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in unprecedented ecological security issues. The imbalance between urban development and internal ecological security is a growing concern.

Methods
Based on the urban development process and the characteristics of ecosystem resilience, the corresponding urbanization evaluation system (“scale-structure-benefit”) and ecosystem resilience assessment model (“resistance-adaptability-restoring”) were constructed to explore the changes in each dimension as well as to analyze the spatial and temporal changes and driving effects of the coupled coordination level of urbanization and ecological resilience using the coupled coordination degree (CCD) model and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR).

Results
(1) From 2005 to 2020, urbanization levels increased (from 0.204 to 0.264, respectively), whereas the level of ecological resilience gradually decreased (from 0.435 to 0.421, respectively). The spatial distribution of urbanization is rather steady, with a “high-northeast low-southwest” pattern of regional distribution; however, the spatial distribution pattern of ecological resilience is essentially the reverse. (2) During the study period, there was an improvement in the level of coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience, with an increase from 0.524 to 0.540. However, the main coordination type remained the same, with over 46% being at the basic coordination stage. The relative development type was dominated by the lagging urbanization stage, with the lagging ecological resilience and synchronous development stages accounting for a smaller proportion, and the space was distributed in a block-like cluster. (3) The running results of the GTWR show that the core dimensions of the whole region are scale, benefit, and structure, and the impact of each dimension shows obvious spatial heterogeneity. Cities with different levels of relative development also have different central dimensions. This research will provide support for the coordination of urban development in areas where economic construction and ecological resilience are not coordinated, and will contribute to the sustainable development of urban areas.
ANALISIS BUDAYA TIONGHOA INDONESIA PADA VIDEO IKLAN IMLEK BCA 2022 "PESAN SINGKAT SINCIA WARRIOR"
Authors: Tanuwijaya Cecilia 
Published: September 2023

Penulis menemukan banyak hal menarik dalam video iklan yang berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai budaya Tionghoa Indonesia ketika menyambut tahun baru Imlek. Selain itu, ada juga beberapa ciri khas yang dapat disimpulkan sebagai karakteristik yang melekat pada kalangan tertentu etnis Tionghoa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa etnis Tionghoa Indonesia masih memegang erat kebudayaan leluhur dan melestarikan perayaan Imlek dengan baik. Selain itu, ada beberapa ciri Tionghoa Indonesia yang menjadi stereotip di benak masyarakat seperti pekerja keras, ulet, pandai berbisnis dan suka mencari keuntungan. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi pijakan bagi penelitian berikutnya yang berkaitan dengan kebudayaan Tionghoa Indonesia. Penulis juga ingin mengajak pembaca untuk melestarikan identitas budaya sebagai Indonesia Tionghoa dimanapun kita berada, serta saling bertoleransi. Kata kunci: Video iklan, Budaya, Imlek, Tionghoa Indonesia
ANALISIS PENERJEMAHAN PADANAN KATA KERJA PADA TEKS CERITA RAKYAT DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA KE BAHASA MANDARIN 印尼民间故事文本中中文动词对等词及其翻译分析
Authors: Dharmawan Budi , Ginting Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Bahasa merupakan salah satu ciri yang paling khas dan manusiawi untuk membedakan manusia dengan makhluk lainnya. Peradaban manusia tidak akan mungkin terjadi tanpa bahasa. Penelitian ini menganalisis padanan kata kerja dan maknanya pada cerita rakyat Indonesia ke dalam bahasa mandarin dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi suatu perbedaan padanan kata dan makna dari kata kerja dan menentukan padanan kata dan makna yang tepat. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dari 5 cerita rakyat Indonesia ( Cerita Asal Usul Danau Toba, Malin Kundang, Timun Mas, Asal Usul Burung Cenderawasih dan Candi Prambanan ), terdapat 2 kategori kata kerja : kategori kata kerja yang dapat diterjemahkan yang terdiri dari 48 kata kerja dan kategori kata kerja yang sulit diterjemahkan yang terdiri dari 14 kata kerja. Penentuan padanan kata yang tepat dengan menggunakan teknik penerjemahan kesepadanan lazim dan generalisasi. Dari hasil analisis tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin rumit kosakata yang digunakan, semakin sulit juga padanan kata dan makna yang sama dalam bahasa target. Sementara itu, faktor yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi suatu padanan kata dan makna adalah relatifitas budaya.
Herbicides
Authors: Metruccio Francesca , Tosti Luca , Wilks Martin F. , Moretto Angelo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerbicides are used in agriculture to eliminate weeds that would otherwise damage the crop of interest or to provide practical advantages in facilitating the harvesting of crops (e.g., glyphosate on cereals). They are also used in areas of public interest (e.g., railways, public and private gardens, or lawns). Their phytotoxic action occurs either on the site of contact or following absorption by the plant and systemic translocation to other organs. Postemergence herbicides are applied on developed undesired weeds, while preemergence herbicides are typically applied on the ground soon after seeding of the desired culture to prevent weed's development. Herbicides have different selectivity for plants. The amount of global herbicide use has been increasing over the years, from approximately of 600,000 tonnes in 1990 to more than 1,200,000 tonnes yearly since 2011. When herbicides are applied downward, human exposure during their application may be less than that following the application of insecticides or fungicides. Exposure can quantitatively change if the application is performed by handheld or by vehicle, with the latter generally reporting a lower exposure. In addition, since herbicides exert their pesticidal mode of action on metabolic processes that are generally unique to plants, they are, in principle, of low toxicity in mammals with the notable exception of paraquat. Some herbicides were reported to have irritating properties. Formulated products may contain adjuvants (stabilizers, penetrants, surfactants, dispersants) that could have, alone or in combination, more severe toxicity or irritating properties than the active herbicide alone.
Agricultural Triazole Fungicides
Authors: Henriquez Joseph , Domoradzki Jeanne , Yan Zhongyu , Papineni Sabitha , Gehen Sean , Murphy Lynea , Chikwana Edward 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicrobial diseases account for 16% of crop losses annually with fungal pests accounting for approximately 80% of that loss. Several classes of molecules have been used as fungicides for agricultural purposes. Triazole fungicides were first introduced in the mid‐1970, and they are highly effective against powdery mildews, rusts, and leaf‐spotting fungi. Currently, there are 26 commercially available triazole fungicides, with 19 having registration for agricultural use in the United States and the European Union for a variety of crops. Despite their general acceptance, triazole fungicides face regulatory hurdles due to toxicological concerns for endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and liver toxicity. Further, increasing incidence of triazole resistance and changes in global weather patterns is warranting increased application rates to protect significant food crops from fungal pests. All these pressures pose challenges to farmers, agrochemical companies, and regulatory agencies which need to keep these important agricultural tools in the field while assuring safety to applicators, consumers, and the environment.
Principles and Information Sources for Occupational Biomonitoring
Authors: Jones Kate , Baker Marissa G. , Santonen Tiina , Seixas Noah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the key principles and considerations for using occupational biomonitoring. It describes how to set up a biomonitoring program, covers the various types of interpretative guidance values, and discusses the use of biomonitoring in research. Some case studies as well as further information sources are provided.
Genetic Susceptibility in Occupational Health
Authors: Stanley Lesley A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It has long been known that individuals who are exposed to similar occupational conditions may experience very different health outcomes. Some of this variability may be due to concomitant exposures and lifestyle factors, but much of it is believed to be a function of differences in individual genetic susceptibility to the adverse consequences of workplace exposures. Attempts to understand this phenomenon began with small studies relating heritable variation in specific xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes to the risk of adverse effects due to occupational exposures. Many of the genetic risk factors identified in these early studies, however, turned out to make only small contributions to susceptibility and it subsequently became clear that it is necessary to examine genetic variation across the entire genome and relate it to lifestyle factors and environmental exposures as well as occupation if we are to explain complex occupational health conditions such as aromatic amine‐induced bladder cancer. Fortunately, the tools we need to do this are now available: genome‐wide association studies are becoming routine and large, well‐characterized population cohorts such as the UK Biobank provide an ideal setting for these investigations. We are now ideally placed to use these resources to define the genetic profiles which determine susceptibility, while the rapidly decreasing cost of genomic sequencing offers the prospect of preexposure screening to identify and protect workers who are likely to experience the adverse effects of workplace exposure.
European Union (EU) Industrial Chemicals Legislation and the Workplace
Authors: Fairhurst Steve 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This chapter explains the essentials of each piece of European (EU) chemicals legislation that impinges substantially on the workplace and how they fit together. A traditional workplace‐specific regulatory framework, familiar worldwide, still operates, focussed on chemical
users
primarily being responsible for the assessment and control of their workplace situation. Such legislation sets out worker protection goals and, in some instances, stipulates through guidance, risk assessment/management tools, and occupational exposure limits the degree of control required.

However, the EU is also now firmly within the era of REACH (the Registration, Evaluation, Restriction, and Authorization of Chemicals Regulation). REACH embraces humans in all walks of life (including at work), and also the environment. REACH focuses heavily on industrial chemicals
suppliers
. REACH emphasizes supply‐chain communication and requires suppliers to understand how recipients will use the supplied chemicals and to stipulate the risk management measures necessary for the safe handling of a chemical in each of its workplace uses.

REACH also obliges the industry to meet specified data requirements; and in some instances requires the industry to seek permission to continue operating particular industrial processes.
As REACH progresses in its operations, it is undoubtedly bringing considerable influence to the way in which industrial chemicals are regulated in the workplace. The key objective for the EU is surely to achieve maximum integration of the different contributions that can be made by each piece of legislation and those involved. This holds the promise of securing improved regulation and control of industrial chemicals in EU workplaces, albeit that there are numerous issues to be tackled to ensure that maximum benefit is gained from integration of all contributions.
Electronic Waste: Human Health and Environmental Risk
Authors: Sonawane Babasaheb , Kadry Abdel‐Razak M. , Kancherla Jayaram 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As global demand for electronic products rises, it also generates a significant volume of e‐waste at an alarming rate. E‐waste recycling and disposal are one of the world's fastest‐growing pollution problems, with an estimated 53 million metric tons produced in 2019 and a raw material value of $57 billion. It is expected to reach 74.7 million metric tons by 2030. Developed countries generate most of the world's e‐waste and export it to low‐income Asian and African countries. Managing e‐waste, both domestically generated and imported, is a major environmental health issue in developing countries. Recycling electronic waste recovers precious metals and resalable parts to generate revenue. E‐waste and its recycling practices release a variety of known hazardous chemicals such as Pb, Hg, Cd, hexavalent Cr, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDs), poly‐brominated/chlorinated biphenyls (PBBs/PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and other chemicals. Developing countries lack adequate analytical laboratory resources and methods to measure the exposure of these toxic pollutants in air, water, food, and soil during recycling/disposal practices. Analytical data are critical to perform chemical exposure assessment for aggregate and cumulative risk assessment to exposed people, especially vulnerable populations (women and children) involved in handling and recycling operations in developing countries. In addition, a brief description of approaches to minimize risks, raising awareness of the problem of informal e‐waste management, and international efforts, policies, and regulations of the e‐waste legislation discussed.
Airborne Particles
Authors: Rosales Colleen M. F. , Cayetano Mylene G. , Saghir Shakil A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile many terms are usually associated with suspended matter in the air, airborne particles or particulate matter (PM) generally refer to solid particles that may be composed of multiple phases (e.g., solids, liquid droplets, etc.). Airborne particles vary extensively in physical and chemical characteristics; their sizes can vary from tens of micrometers, that is, slightly smaller than beach sand or hair, to tens of nanometers. Solid airborne particles have been historically related to a wide range of occupational diseases such as various types of pneumoconioses (e.g., “black lung disease”), as well as less occupationally targeted respiratory illnesses such as acute respiratory irritation, asthma, or lung cancer. This chapter outlines airborne particles, its adverse health effects to workers in (1) areas with targeted production of particles and (2) in areas where exposure to ambient pollution is inevitable. This chapter presents metrics, techniques, exposure assessments, and biomarkers used for particulate measurements and routine monitoring. Also summarized in this chapter: its toxicity, mechanisms of attack, and carcinogenicity. Lastly, it tabulates existing standards both for the ambient and workplace and outlined some of the existing removal and control technologies. The ubiquity of airborne particles—from outdoor jobs, such as construction and firefighting, to indoor occupations, such as healthcare and custodial jobs, make it a central issue that is necessary to be addressed in any workplace area.
Plantation clear‐fell patches benefit heathland arthropods
Authors: Pedley Scott M. , Wolstenholme Paul , Dolman Paul M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlantation forests constitute a significant amount of the wooded area in many parts of the globe. However, the extent of biological provision conferred by plantation forest depends on regional conservation priorities and biogeographical context.Here, we evaluate the arthropod biodiversity in a chronosequence of pine plantation (clear‐felled, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 21‐years) in the largest lowland conifer forest in the UK. We compare the assemblage within 37 plantation stands and eight important open habitat remnants in a formerly heathland dominated region. We also assess the configuration and potential isolation of ephemeral open early growth stage habitat across a 60‐year plantation rotation.Carabid and spider assemblages changed throughout the sampled chronosequence. In the early growth stages (1–7 years) before canopy closure, arthropod assemblages contained many individuals and species associated with dry‐open habitats, greater numbers of rare species than closed canopy plantation and had similar composition (non‐metric multidimensional scaling) to heathland samples. Early growth stages and heathlands primarily differed in the additional presence of generalist species in the plantation. Species associated with woodland increased in abundance as the plantation aged, but remained far less numerous than dry‐open or generalist species. The spatial distribution of young growth stages across the rotation cycle was significantly clustered in the early and late rotation phases.Plantation landscapes often support high species richness but we highlight their value for vulnerable heathland biodiversity early in the rotation cycle. To increase plantation value regional conservation priorities should be supported with appropriate consideration of growth stage configuration across the full rotation.
Strategies for supporting adult working learners in the online learning environment
Authors: Kaiser Leann , McKenna Kelly , Lopes Tobin , Zarestky Jill 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter highlights several of the significant design and facilitation considerations used to support adult working learners pursuing online learning across educational contexts. These include the integration of inclusive online learning practices, the design and facilitation of quality interactions in the online environment, and application and transfer of the online content to individual contexts.
(Some) adults left behind: Digital literacy and the working learner
Authors: Sualehi Sarah Haroon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDigital literacy is a crucial skill set within the social, political, and economic contexts of 21st‐century society. Around the world, governments are making a concerted effort to develop digital literacy within adults, as indicated through Sustainable Development Goal 4. However, working learners from a variety of backgrounds and geographies present unique institutional, situational, and dispositional barriers when seeking digital literacies. Furthermore, digitally disconnected working learners cannot gain the necessary skills to fully participate in 21st‐century knowledge economies when trying to cross the first and second digital literacy divides. This article considers how the contexts of different working learners create different needs that adult education practitioners must respond to via whole systems advocacy.
Toward a lifelong learning society for working adults across boundaries
Authors: Kim Junghwan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article aims to examine how to improve the support for working learners in their learning and education based on the findings of the issue's articles. For this, I focus on describing what can be learned from the articles’ findings and, based on that information, discuss directions and practices necessary to support adult working learners. I begin with my reflections regarding the learning of working adults. I then provide an overview of the collection of articles to show how they address the main points of my reflections and recent field trends through their findings. Finally, while discussing their implications, I conclude with my thoughts toward creating a lifelong learning society for adult working learners highlighted by five aspects: (a) collaborative efforts and partnerships, (b) contextual and situational supportive systems, (c) government‐driven approaches, (d) interactions beyond isolation, and (e) interdisciplinary collaboration. In the end, I also present areas and agendas for future investigations not included in the issue.
Single‐Atom Co‐Ultrafine RuOx Clusters Codecorated TiO2 Nanosheets Promote Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Modulating Charge Migration, H+ Adsorption, and H2 Desorption of Active Sites
Authors: Shen Jiachao , Luo Chenghui , Qiao Shanshan , Chen Yuqing , Fu Kaixing , Xu Jieqiong , Pei Junjun , Tang Yanhong , Zhang Xiaolong , Tang Haifang , Zhang Hao , Liu Chengbin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRu as a cocatalyst has attracted wide attention as a substitute for Pt precious metal. However, the strong interaction between Ru and H atoms reduces the efficiency of hydrogen (H2) desorption and slows the overall hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency. How to further improve the efficiency of Ru‐based cocatalyst is challenging. Herein, single‐atom Co‐ultrafine RuOx clusters codecorated TiO2 nanosheets for photocatalytic HER are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal–calcination method. Experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that Co atoms can serve as a specific electronic medium, promoting electron enrichment at RuOx, thereby enhancing the adsorption of H+. Moreover, the electronic state of the interaction between adjacent Co atoms and RuOx is conducive to the desorption of H2. As a result, the proposed photocatalyst system gives a classy photocatalytic HER performance. The hydrogen production rate at stationary point reaches up to 20.20 mmol g−1 h−1, and the apparent quantum yield at 365 nm is 86.5%. It is worth noting that the hydrogen production rate in seawater is as high as 9.83 mmol g−1 h−1. This work offers precise guidance to design catalysts for efficient photocatalytic H2 production from the in‐depth understanding of the electronic coupling effect of coupling active sites.