bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Devonian Shoshonitic Appinite–Granite Suite in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt: Implications for Partial Melting of a Water-Fluxed Lithospheric Mantle in an Extensional Setting
Authors: Zhao Limin , Li Yilong , Xiang Hua , Zheng Jianping , Xiao Wenjiao , Chen Xi , Jiang Hai , Xie Yachao , Brouwer Fraukje M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAppinite–granite suites commonly occur in the final stage of collisional orogenic processes, providing a unique opportunity to reveal the properties of continental lithospheric mantle and crust–mantle geodynamics. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the petrology, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry and geochronology of the Xiong’erling pluton and adjacent appinite dikes in the northern margin of the North Qinling orogenic belt. The pluton is mainly composed of diorites, quartz monzonites and minor granites. The diorites and appinites have LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages of c. 389 Ma with variable εHf(t) values of −5.58 to +3.36 and TDM1 model ages peaking at c. 1133 Ma. These rocks belong to the shoshonitic series with high Ba–Sr content and were emplaced in an intraplate extensional environment. The quartz monzonites and granites are oxidized A-type granites and have zircon U–Pb ages of c. 396 and c. 378 Ma with negative εHf(t) values of −11.99 to −1.18 and TDM2 model age peaks at 1434, 1720, and 1888 Ma. The in situ87Sr/86Sr ratios of plagioclase from the mafic and felsic rocks are 0.70565-0.70752 and 0.70695-0.71008, respectively. The Xiong’erling pluton and the coeval appinite dikes represent a Devonian appinite–granite suite in the North Qinling orogenic belt. Asthenospheric upwelling during the intraplate extension triggered partial melting of a phlogopite- and amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite mantle source that had been previously metasomatized by the subducted oceanic slab, leading to the formation of a primitive hydrous mafic magma. The rapid ascent of the water-rich magma along deep-seated active faults with fast crystallization of amphibole resulted in emplacement of the c. 389 Ma appinite dikes. Replacement of anhydrous minerals by amphibole and biotite via hydrous reaction during magma cooling resulted in the formation of the coeval diorites. The mafic magma underplating triggered episodic remelting of a late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic crustal source, leading to the generation of the c. 396–378 Ma quartz monzonites and granites. Combining our results with existing data, we identify a sequence of (1) northward subduction of the Shangdan oceanic crust beneath the Qinling block at c. 524–438 Ma resulting in island-arc calc-alkaline magmatism, (2) closure of the Shangdan Ocean indicated by collision between the Qinling block and the South Qinling terrane and slab failure magmatism at c. 438–410 Ma, and (3) post-collisional to intraplate extension with alkaline magmatism at c. 410–370 Ma. The Devonian extensive intraplate magmatism marks the end of the Paleozoic orogenesis in the North Qinling belt.
Mixoplankton and mixotrophy: future research priorities
Authors: Millette Nicole C , Gast Rebecca J , Luo Jessica Y , Moeller Holly V , Stamieszkin Karen , Andersen Ken H , Brownlee Emily F , Cohen Natalie R , Duhamel Solange , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Glibert Patricia M , Johnson Matthew D , Leles Suzana G , Maloney Ashley E , Mcmanus George B , Poulton Nicole , Princiotta Sarah D , Sanders Robert W , Wilken Susanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Phago-mixotrophy, the combination of photoautotrophy and phagotrophy in mixoplankton, organisms that can combine both trophic strategies, have gained increasing attention over the past decade. It is now recognized that a substantial number of protistan plankton species engage in phago-mixotrophy to obtain nutrients for growth and reproduction under a range of environmental conditions. Unfortunately, our current understanding of mixoplankton in aquatic systems significantly lags behind our understanding of zooplankton and phytoplankton, limiting our ability to fully comprehend the role of mixoplankton (and phago-mixotrophy) in the plankton food web and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we put forward five research directions that we believe will lead to major advancement in the field: (i) evolution: understanding mixotrophy in the context of the evolutionary transition from phagotrophy to photoautotrophy; (ii) traits and trade-offs: identifying the key traits and trade-offs constraining mixotrophic metabolisms; (iii) biogeography: large-scale patterns of mixoplankton distribution; (iv) biogeochemistry and trophic transfer: understanding mixoplankton as conduits of nutrients and energy; and (v) in situ methods: improving the identification of in situ mixoplankton and their phago-mixotrophic activity.
Barley HOMOCYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 confers drought tolerance by improving polyamine metabolism
Authors: Qiu Cheng-Wei , Ma Yue , Wang Qing-Qing , Fu Man-Man , Li Chengdao , Wang Yizhou , Wu Feibo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Drought stress poses a serious threat to crop production worldwide. Genes encoding homocysteine methyltransferase (HMT) have been identified in some plant species in response to abiotic stress, but its molecular mechanism in plant drought tolerance remains unclear. Here, transcriptional profiling, evolutionary bioinformatics, and population genetics were conducted to obtain insight into the involvement of HvHMT2 from Tibetan wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. agriocrithon) in drought tolerance. We then performed genetic transformation coupled with physio-biochemical dissection and comparative multiomics approaches to determine the function of this protein and the underlying mechanism of HvHMT2-mediated drought tolerance. HvHMT2 expression was strongly induced by drought stress in tolerant genotypes in a natural Tibetan wild barley population and contributed to drought tolerance through S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism. Overexpression of HvHMT2 promoted HMT synthesis and efficiency of the SAM cycle, leading to enhanced drought tolerance in barley through increased endogenous spermine and less oxidative damage and growth inhibition, thus improving water status and final yield. Disruption of HvHMT2 expression led to hypersensitivity under drought treatment. Application of exogenous spermine reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was increased by exogenous mitoguazone (inhibitor of spermine biosynthesis), consistent with the association of HvHMT2-mediated spermine metabolism and ROS scavenging in drought adaptation. Our findings reveal the positive role and key molecular mechanism of HvHMT2 in drought tolerance in plants, providing a valuable gene not only for breeding drought-tolerant barley cultivars but also for facilitating breeding schemes in other crops in a changing global climate.
CURLY LEAF modulates apoplast liquid water status in Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Wu Jingni , Mei Xiao , Zhang Jinyu , Ye Luhuan , Hu Yezhou , Chen Tao , Wang Yiping , Liu Menghui , Zhang Yijing , Xin Xiu-Fang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The apoplast of plant leaves, the intercellular space between mesophyll cells, is normally largely filled with air with a minimal amount of liquid water in it, which is essential for key physiological processes such as gas exchange to occur. Phytopathogens exploit virulence factors to induce a water-rich environment, or “water-soaked” area, in the apoplast of the infected leaf tissue to promote disease. We propose that plants evolved a “water soaking” pathway, which normally keeps a nonflooded leaf apoplast for plant growth but is disturbed by microbial pathogens to facilitate infection. Investigation of the “water soaking” pathway and leaf water control mechanisms is a fundamental, yet previously overlooked, aspect of plant physiology. To identify key components in the “water soaking” pathway, we performed a genetic screen to isolate Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) severe water soaking (sws) mutants that show liquid water overaccumulation in the leaf under high air humidity, a condition required for visible water soaking. Here, we report the sws1 mutant, which displays rapid water soaking upon high humidity treatment due to a loss-of-function mutation in CURLY LEAF (CLF), encoding a histone methyltransferase in the POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 (PRC2). We found that the sws1 (clf) mutant exhibits enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) levels and stomatal closure, which are indispensable for its water soaking phenotype and mediated by CLF's epigenetic regulation of a group of ABA-associated NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor genes, NAC019/055/072. The clf mutant showed weakened immunity, which likely also contributes to the water soaking phenotype. In addition, the clf plant supports a substantially higher level of Pseudomonas syringae pathogen-induced water soaking and bacterial multiplication, in an ABA pathway and NAC019/055/072-dependent manner. Collectively, our study sheds light on an important question in plant biology and demonstrates CLF as a key modulator of leaf liquid water status via epigenetic regulation of the ABA pathway and stomatal movement.
Exploring the potential of intranasal drug delivery systems in the management of hypertension
Authors: Hassan Rinada H , Gad Heba A , Shaker Dalia S , Ishak Rania A H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The current review gives an overview of the anatomical and cellular structure of the nasal cavity. It presents some possibilities and different techniques to enhance the drug penetration through the nasal barrier. It comprehensively details the intranasal drug delivery system and the treatment modalities of hypertension, with an emphasis on nanotechnology-based products.

Methods
Gather published works about the research progression in the systemic delivery of antihypertensive drugs through the nasal epithelium, the formulation tactics and their related in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assessment technologies in this field.

Key findings
Intranasal drug delivery is one of the potential routes for avoiding the first pass effect, lowering drug doses, reducing systemic side effects of most antihypertensive drugs and enhancing drug bioavailability.

Conclusions
Compared to oral medications, nasal medications often have better bioavailability and fewer adverse effects at the same dosage, which encourages pharmaceutical companies to manufacture additional medications in the form of nasal formulations intended for systemic treatment.
Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 339 cases
Authors: Rojas Olga C , Montoya Alexandra M , Villanueva-Lozano Hiram , Carrion-Alvarez Diego 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Strongyloidiasis is a parasitosis representing a significant public health problem in tropical countries. It is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals but its mortality rate increases to approximately 87% in severe forms of the disease. We conducted a systematic review, including case reports and case series, of Strongyloides hyperinfection and dissemination from 1998 to 2020 searching PubMed, EBSCO and SciELO. Cases that met the inclusion criteria of the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and Student's t-test and a Bonferroni correction for all the significant values. A total of 339 cases were included in this review. The mortality rate was 44.83%. The presence of infectious complications, septic shock and a lack of treatment were risk factors for a fatal outcome. Eosinophilia and ivermectin treatment were associated with an improved outcome.
Vasodilators activate TMEM16A channels in endothelial cells to reduce blood pressure
Authors: Mata-Daboin Alejandro , Garrud Tessa A. C. , Fernandez-Pena Carlos , Peixoto-Neves Dieniffer , Leo M. Dennis , Bernardelli Angelica K. , Singh Purnima , Malik Kafait U. , Jaggar Jonathan H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) regulate vascular contractility to control regional organ blood flow and systemic blood pressure. Several cation channels are expressed in ECs which regulate arterial contractility. In contrast, the molecular identity and physiological functions of anion channels in ECs is unclear. Here, we generated tamoxifen-inducible, EC-specificTMEM16Aknockout (TMEM16AecKO) mice to investigate the functional significance of this chloride (Cl-) channel in the resistance vasculature. Our data demonstrate that TMEM16A channels generate calcium-activated Cl-currents in ECs of control (TMEM16Afl/fl) mice that are absent in ECs ofTMEM16AecKO mice. Acetylcholine (ACh), a muscarinic receptor agonist, and GSK101, a TRPV4 agonist, activate TMEM16A currents in ECs. Single molecule localization microscopy data indicate that surface TMEM16A and TRPV4 clusters locate in very close nanoscale proximity, with ∼18% exhibiting overlap in ECs. ACh stimulates TMEM16A currents by activating Ca2+influx through surface TRPV4 channels without altering the size or density of TMEM16A or TRPV4 surface clusters, their spatial proximity or colocalization. ACh-induced activation of TMEM16A channels in ECs produces hyperpolarization in pressurized arteries. ACh, GSK101 and intraluminal ATP, another vasodilator, all dilate pressurized arteries through TMEM16A channel activation in ECs. Furthermore, EC-specific knockout of TMEM16A channels elevates systemic blood pressure in conscious mice. In summary, these data indicate that vasodilators stimulate TRPV4 channels, leading to Ca2+-dependent activation of nearby TMEM16A channels in ECs to produce arterial hyperpolarization, vasodilation and a reduction in blood pressure. We identify TMEM16A as an anion channel present in ECs that regulates arterial contractility and blood pressure.One sentence summaryVasodilators stimulate TRPV4 channels, leading to calcium-dependent activation of nearby TMEM16A channels in ECs to produce arterial hyperpolarization, vasodilation and a reduction in blood pressure.
Multiple introductions and country-wide spread of DENV-2 genotype II (Cosmopolitan) in Brazil
Authors: Gräf Tiago , Ferreira Caroline do Nascimento , de Lima Gustavo Barbosa , de Lima Raul Emídio , Machado Lais Ceschini , Campos Tulio de Lima , Schemberger Michelle Orane , Faoro Helisson , Paiva Marcelo Henrique Santos , Bezerra Matheus Filgueira , Nascimento Valdinete , Souza Victor , Nascimento Fernanda , Mejía Matilde , Silva Dejanane , de Oliveira Yasmin Silva , Gonçalves Luciana , Ramos Tatyana Costa Amorim , de Castro Daniel Barros , Arcanjo Ana Ruth ,   LACEN-AM team, Dantas Herton Augusto Pinheiro ,   LAFRON-AM team, Presibella Mayra Marinho ,   LACEN-PR team, Fernandes Sandra Bianchini ,   LACEN-SC team, Gregianini Tatiana Schaffer ,   CEVS-RS team, e Silva Keilla Maria Paz ,   LACEN-PE team, Sacchi Claudio Tavares ,   IAL team, Ribeiro Cruz Ana Cecília ,   IEC team, dos Santos Claudia Nunes Duarte , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , Salvato Richard Steiner , Bello Gonzalo , Wallau Gabriel Luz , Naveca Felipe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDengue virus serotype 2, genotype Cosmopolitan (DENV-2-GII), is one of the most widespread DENV strains globally. In the Americas, DENV-2 epidemics has been dominated by DENV-2 genotype Asian-American (DENV-2-GIII) and the first cases of DENV-2-GII were only described in 2019, in Peru, and in 2021 in Brazil. To gain new information about the circulation of DENV-2-GII in Brazil, we sequenced 237 DENV-2 confirmed cases sampled between March 2021 and March 2023 and revealed that DENV-2-GII is already present in all geographic regions of Brazil. Phylogeographic analysis inferred that DENV-2-GII was introduced at least four times in Brazil, between May 2020 and August 2022, generating multiple clades that spread throughout the country with different success. Despite multiple introductions of DENV-2-GII, analysis of the country-wide laboratory surveillance data showed that the Brazilian dengue epidemic in 2022 was dominated by DENV-1 in most states. We suggest that massive circulation of DENV-2-GIII in previous years in Brazil might have created a population immune barrier for widespread transmission of DENV-2-GII, leading to sustained cryptic circulation and localized outbreaks of this new genotype. In summary, our study stresses the importance of arboviral genomic surveillance to close monitoring and better understand the potential impact of DENV-2-GII in the coming years.
Reliability, validity and dimensionality of the GHQ-12 in South African populations: Structural equation modelling (SEM)
Authors: Kufe Clement Nyuyki , Bernstein Colleen , Wilson Kerry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionHealth Care Workers (HCWs) were among the high-risk groups for SARS-CoV-2 infection and suffer a high burden of poor mental health including depression, anxiety, traumatic stress, avoidance and burnout. The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) has showed best fit in both a one-factor structure and a multidimensional structure for the screening of common mental disorders and psychiatric well-being. The aim was to test for the reliability and validity and ascertain the factor structure of the GHQ-12 in a South African HCW population.MethodsData was collected from 832 public hospital and clinic staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gauteng, South Africa. The factor structure of the GHQ12 in this professional population was examined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify factors, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for construct validity and structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsThe GHQ-12 median score was higher (25) in women than in men (24), p=0.044. The determinant for the correlation matrix was=0.047, the Barlett test of sphericity was p<0.001, Chi square=2086.9 and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) of sampling adequacy was 0.86. The four factors identified were labelled as Social-Dysfunction (37.8%), Anxiety-Depression (35.4%) Capable (24.9%) and Self-Efficacy (22.7%). The entire sample had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85, with 0.69 for Social-Dysfunction, 0.74 for Anxiety-Depression, 0.64 for Capable and 0.52 for Self-Efficacy in orthogonal (varimax) factor loadings.ConclusionsThe GHQ-12 tool displayed adequate reliability and validity in measuring psychological distress in a professional group with a four-factor model suggesting multidimensionality in this group rather than a unidimensional construct.
Low-Field Combined Diffusion-Relaxation MRI for Mapping Placenta Structure and Function
Authors: Slator Paddy J. , Aviles Verdera Jordina , Tomi-Tricot Raphael , Hajnal Joseph V. , Alexander Daniel C. , Hutter Jana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeDemonstrating quantitative multi-parametric mapping in the placenta with combined T2*-diffusion MRI at low-field (0.55T).MethodsWe present 57 placental MRI scans performed on a commercially available 0.55T scanner. We acquired the images using a combined T2*-diffusion technique scan that simultaneously acquires multiple diffusion preparations and echo times. We processed the data to produce quantitative T2* and diffusivity maps using a combined T2*-ADC model. We compared the derived quantitative parameters across gestation in healthy controls and a cohort of clinical cases.ResultsQuantitative parameter maps closely resemble those from previous experiments at higher field strength, with similar trends in T2* and ADC against gestational age observed.ConclusionCombined T2*-diffusion placental MRI is reliably achievable at 0.55T. The advantages of lower field strength - such as cost, ease of deployment, increased accessibility and patient comfort due to the wider bore, and increased T2* for larger dynamic ranges - can support the widespread roll out of placental MRI as an adjunct to ultrasound during pregnancy.
Acute Ischemic Stroke in Tsutsugamushi: Understanding the Underlying Mechanisms and Risk Factors
Authors: Kim Dain , Cho Yeon Hee , Chung Ji Yeon , Kim Young Seo , Shin Byoung-Soo , Kang Hyun Goo 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundTsutsugamushi, also known as scrub typhus, is an acute infectious febrile disease common in the Asia–Pacific region. Its common symptoms include lymphadenopathy, fever, and myalgia. Tsutsugamushi rarely causes acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, it has been reported to increase the likelihood of AIS development. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis that tsutsugamushi infection could trigger AIS.MethodWe retrospectively examined patients diagnosed with AIS within 2 weeks of tsutsugamushi diagnosis at three hospitals over 15 years. We categorized patients who developed AIS while being treated for tsutsugamushi as the case group; patients who did not develop AIS while being treated for tsutsugamushi at the same hospital and were of similar age and sex with the case group were categorized as the control group. The case and control groups had 22 and 66 participants, respectively. When a scattered pattern was observed or lesions were found in two or more vascular territories on diffusion-weighted imaging, the pattern was defined as embolic. Other patterns were defined as non-embolic.ResultsAmong the 19 patients, excluding three with transient ischemic attack, 15 (78.9%) showed an embolic pattern. Fever was common at the time of the visit in the control group; however, it was less common in the case group (93.8% vs. 27.3%, respectively; p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that higher D-dimer levels at the time of hospitalization were associated with AIS development in patients with tsutsugamushi (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–2.34; p=0.023).DiscussionAIS in patients with tsutsugamushi showed an embolic rather than a non-embolic pattern on brain magnetic resonance imaging. This embolic pattern was more likely to occur in patients with stroke risk factors. These patients were unlikely to have a fever or high D-dimer levels. We speculated that D-dimers played a vital role in the pathophysiology, as tsutsugamushi infection increased the likelihood of AIS.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF KERATOMETRY READINGS, CORNEAL POWER AND CORNEAL ASTIGMATISM AMONG MALAWIAN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Gondwe Kenneth , Mzumara Thokozani , Afonne Joseph 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackground/objectiveskeratometry and corneal measurements differ among populations. The aim of the study was to assess the distribution of keratometric values and corneal astigmatism and examine the association with age and gender among normal Malawian adults.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted among Mzuzu university students in Malawi. Participants were selected using systematic sampling techniques. K readings were measured using a manual keratometer. Data was entered in SPSS v 26. Chi-square was used to assess association, spearman to assess correction, and an independent t-test to compare the mean.ResultsWe recruited 98 participants, of whom 59 (60.2%) were male and 39 (39.8%) were female. The Mean age of participants was 27.13 years (SD=5.616). Based on gender, it was 27.97 (SD=5.860) among males and 25.87 (SD=5.038) among females. But an independent t-test showed no significant difference in age according to gender(t(96)= 1.8, p=0.71). On average, the flat and steep K reading was 44.93D (SD=1.49) and 45.40D (SD=1.53) respectively. The mean K was 45.17D (SD=1.47). With regards to gender, the mean K was 45.17D (SD=1.38) and 45.18D (SD=1.62) among males and females respectively, but it was not statistically significant. (t(96)=-0.045, p=0.96). Spearman test showed that the correlation between mean K and age was statistically non-significant meanConclusionCorneal astigmatism is relatively tiny among this population group hence surgeons can use techniques to correct and other techniques to achieve greater visual rehabilitation. This study confirms that Environment and genetics play a major role in corneal changes.