bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLIP’s performance indicators: towards a SMART orientation
Authors: Sharma Tanushree , Nidhi Nidhi , Chakravorty Arjun 
Published: August 2023

Learning outcomes
This case aims to enhance students’ scholarship and understanding of performance management systems with respect to the formulation of key performance indicators (KPIs). Specifically, working through this case and the assignment questions, students will be able to:▪ critically analyse process-based and outcome-based performance indicators;▪ recommend the right mix of process- and the outcome-based KPIs;▪ apply the specific, measurable, aligned, realistic and time-bound (SMART) framework to the KPIs;▪ create SMART KPIs; and▪ propose when to involve team members in decision-making.

Case overview/synopsis
The Director of the Centre for Learning and Innovative Pedagogies (CLIP), Dr Tanushree Sharma, was in for a surprise when the Dean and the Advisor to the school expressed their dissatisfaction with her approach to framing performance indicators for the management of the Centre.
They categorically advised her to change her process-based orientation to an outcome-based one and create tangible ground-level outcomes. Their feedback made her realize why, in spite of having rolled out several initiatives, the Centre was struggling to demonstrate its impact on student learning and faculty development. It dawned on her that the Centre’s inability to showcase a tangible impact on the school could mar the collective hard toil of the team.
Accepting the feedback and recognizing the merit of designing outcome-based SMART performance indicators, she started working towards them. Although she was able to conceptualize a broad framework, she was uncertain about whether to include only outcome-based KPIs. She was also unsure whether to unilaterally create and assign the key responsibility areas (KRAs) and KPIs or co-create them with her team members. A confluence of factors weighed heavily on her mind – the pressure of limited time, remote working because of the pandemic, moderately experienced team members, voluntary team membership, lack of positional power and her limited organizational influence. With less than a month to the proposal submission, she had no time to waste.

Complexity academic level
The case is suitable for courses on performance management systems, human resources and leadership; however, it is particularly relevant to framing KRAs and KPIs, developing outcome-based KPIs and applying the SMART framework to developing KPIs. It can be used in both postgraduate and undergraduate programmes at business schools.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
Fractal model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces considering substrate deformation
Authors: Sun Xianguang 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance (TCC) of rough surfaces considering substrate deformation. Three deformation modes of the asperity of the rough surface are considered, including elastic deformation, elastic–plastic deformation and full plastic deformation.

Design/methodology/approach
The influences of contact load, fractal dimension and fractal roughness on the TCC of the rough surface were studied.

Findings
The results show that the TCC of the rough surface increases with the increase of contact load. When D > 2.5, the larger the fractal dimension, the higher the increased rate of the TCC of the rough surface with the increase of contact load. The TCC of the rough surface increases with the increase of fractal dimension and decreases with the increase of fractal roughness. The TCC of the rough surface can be achieved by selecting a contact surface with roughness.

Originality/value
A fractal model of TCC of rough surfaces considering substrate deformation was established in this study. The achievements of this study provide some theoretical basis for the investigation of TCC of rough surfaces.
Time to Include Blue Carbon from Seaweed in Voluntary Carbon Removal Certification
Authors: van den Burg Sander , Koch Sophie , Raoult Justine , Tsvetkov Bobby , Selnes Trond 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe EU has proposed a voluntary framework for certification of carbon removals which remains vague on blue carbon and in particular, carbon removal through use of seaweeds. Seaweed is considered an emerging blue carbon option. Various studies have confirmed the potential of seaweed to contribute to long‐term carbon removal, storing it away from the atmosphere for 100 years and more. Certification of seaweed carbon sequestration is promoted, even in other EU communications. This article reviews early experiences with certification of carbon and nutrient removal by aquaculture using the QU.A.L.ITY criteria proposed by the EU. Examples reviewed include the Seaweed Company, Venice Bay, Yokohama Bayside marine, and Chesapeake Bay in the USA. After reviewing these examples, we call on the European Commission to move forward towards certification of blue carbon. If the EU is to lead global climate mitigation efforts, including carbon removal, it should take seaweed blue carbon seriously and include it in its voluntary framework. To enhance the awareness of the relevance and the acceptance of the carbon credits from seaweed, a methodology has to be developed that, building on experiences gained, deals with inherent uncertainties.
Recent advances in extending the shelf life of fresh wet noodles: Influencing factors and preservation technologies
Authors: Obadi Mohammed , Li Yuntong , Xu Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFresh wet noodles (FWNs) are popular among people and have attracted increasing attention because of their characteristics of freshness, chewiness, good taste, and better maintenance of noodle flavor. However, due to the high moisture content and abundance of nutrients in FWN, they are prone to spoilage, which shortens their shelf life and reduces their quality, greatly restricting their large‐scale production. Therefore, seeking effective preservation methods to prolong the shelf life is a major breakthrough for the industrialization of FWN. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the main factors that contribute to the spoilage and degradation of FWN. These factors encompass microorganisms, moisture content, nutritional composition, enzymes, and storage temperature. Moreover, the recent developments in novel shelf‐life extension technology applied to FWN, such as chemical preservatives, natural preservatives, physical treatment technologies, and composite preservation technology, are presented and discussed. From the literature reviewed, the application of technologies, such as adding preservatives, modified atmosphere packaging, microwave, cold plasma, ozone, and other technologies, has a certain effect on improving the shelf life of FWN, but the single preservation technology still has some deficiencies. In order to further improve the preservation efficiency, using two or more preservation methods is an important direction for future research on the preservation technology of FWN.
Audit of surgeon billing in workers compensation‐insured elective spinal surgery in New South Wales, Australia from 2010 to 2018
Authors: Lewin Adriane M. , Naylor Justine M. , Sheridan Mark , Harris Ian A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedical billing practices have received increasing scrutiny in Australia and worldwide. In 2015, the Australian Government initiated a comprehensive review of the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), including spinal surgery. This study provides a snapshot of five spinal surgeon billing patterns and associated costs in the workers compensation system in New South Wales prior to these changes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used workers compensation billing data from the State Insurance Regulatory Authority to capture elective spinal surgeries in New South Wales from 2010 to 2018. The main outcome measures were: proportion of items billed within recommended limits (up to 150% of the listed Australian Medical Association (AMA) fee); surgical billing patterns including repeat billing of items during a single episode of surgery; use of paediatric or scoliosis items; use of surgical items from outside the spinal surgery schedule; co‐billing of items not permitted as per the AMA Fees List item descriptions and associated costs.ResultsThere were 12 622 spinal surgeries in 9520 patients. While only 2.2% of items were billed above the recommended limits, 38% of surgeries included at least one of the five billing patterns. The average cost increase was AU$4700 per surgery, 47% greater than surgeries which did not include the specified billing patterns, for a total additional cost of AU$22.9 M over the 9‐year study period.ConclusionFive spinal surgery billing patterns accounted for an additional AU$22.9 million in direct surgical costs from 2010 to 2018.
Hypothermia and adverse outcomes during the transfer of extremely low birth weight infants
Authors: Ogunna Uche , Mohinuddin Syed , Ratnavel Nandiran , Greenough Anne , Dassios Theodore 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to explore whether hypothermia during the transfer of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants was associated with increased morbidity and mortality.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of transfers of ELBW infants by the London Neonatal Transfer Service between April 2015 and January 2017. Hypothermia was defined as an axillary temperature below 36.5°C.ResultsHypothermia was recorded in 36–47% of the 146 transfers depending on the time point of measurement from admission at the referring unit to admission at the receiving unit. Infants with hypothermia had a lower gestational age [25.1 (24.1–26.6) versus 26.0 (25.3–27.0) weeks, p < 0.001], birth weight [750 (600–830) versus 800 (730–885) gr, p = 0.004) and age at referral [1 (0.8–3) versus 1.5 (1–4) hours, p = 0.049] compared to infants without hypothermia. Infants with hypothermia had a longer median (IQR) duration of invasive ventilation [22(6–44) days] compared to infants without hypothermia [10 (4–21) days, p = 0.002]. Infants with hypothermia had a higher incidence of a patent ductus arteriosus and mortality before discharge from neonatal care compared to infants without hypothermia (79% vs. 27%, p = 0.043 and 29% vs. 13%, p = 0.025, respectively).ConclusionAmong ELBW infants, hypothermia during transfer was common, particularly in infants of lower gestational age. Hypothermia was associated with a longer duration of ventilation and increased mortality before discharge from neonatal care.
Validation of the Finnish version of the food allergy quality of life questionnaire–parent form (F‐FAQLQ‐PF)
Authors: Kivistö J. E. , de Blok B. Flokstra , Protudjer J. L. P. , Ojaniemi I. , Karjalainen J. , Huhtala H. , Dunn Galvin A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimSpecific questionnaires about food allergy and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) have been developed and validated in several languages, but not Finnish. We aimed to validate the Finnish Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Parent Form (FAQLQ‐PF) for children under age 13 years.MethodsThe original FAQLQ‐PF and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) were translated into Finnish per World Health Organisation guidelines and tested by 72 parents of children under age 13 years with suspected severe peanut or tree nut allergy who were recruited at Allergy Centre in Tampere University Hospital in Tampere, Finland. We calculated the construct validity of the questionnaire by calculating the coefficients between the two measures and used Cronbach's alpha to establish the internal consistency.ResultsThe FAQLQ‐PF showed strong correlations with domain structure and internal consistency, based on Spearman's correlations (rho) for the HRQoL questions, FAIM questions and FAIM mean values. The total questionnaire score correlated significantly with the mean FAIM (rho = 0.95, p < 0.001) and individual FAIM questions. The FAQLQ‐PF and domains had good or excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.70).ConclusionThe Finnish FAQLQ‐PF demonstrated good construct validity and excellent internal consistency for measuring food allergy HRQoL in children under age 13 years.
Changes in physical and mental health in Swedish schoolchildren in the digital age
Authors: Mossberg Karin , Möllborg Per 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimPoor physical and mental health are common and increasing in Swedish children. The aim was to investigate significant changes in health and digital habits in fourth grade and ninth grade pupils in 2020 compared to 2011.MethodsA validated questionnaire was conducted in 2011 and 2020 among schoolchildren in fourth (10 years) and ninth grade (15 years) in Sweden. The study population consisted of 196 students in 2020 and 254 students in 2011.ResultsA significant increase was seen in self‐reported sleeping difficulties, tiredness, life dissatisfaction and dissatisfaction with academic abilities among fourth grade children and a sixfold increase in their refusal to go to school. Students in fourth grade also reported that they spent more time on social media and had a reduced interest in sports. Both students in fourth and ninth grade described an increase in attacks of anger and unhappiness, as well as decreased time with family.ConclusionWe conclude that fourth grade children have more physical and mental health symptoms in 2020 compared to 2011. The ninth grade students showed a high frequency of physical and mental symptoms in 2011, which remained high in 2020. One possible explanation may be that digital habits have increased.
Renal arterial infusion of tempol prevents medullary hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and acute kidney injury in ovine Gram‐negative sepsis
Authors: Betrie Ashenafi H. , Ma Shuai , Ow Connie P. C. , Peiris Rachel M. , Evans Roger G. , Ayton Scott , Lane Darius J. R. , Southon Adam , Bailey Simon R. , Bellomo Rinaldo , May Clive N. , Lankadeva Yugeesh R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimRenal medullary hypoperfusion and hypoxia precede acute kidney injury (AKI) in ovine sepsis. Oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and impaired nitric oxide generation may contribute to such pathophysiology. We tested whether the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory drug, tempol, may modify these responses.MethodsFollowing unilateral nephrectomy, we inserted renal arterial catheters and laser‐Doppler/oxygen‐sensing probes in the renal cortex and medulla. Noanesthetized sheep were administered intravenous (IV) Escherichia coli and, at sepsis onset, IV tempol (IVT; 30 mg kg−1 h−1), renal arterial tempol (RAT; 3 mg kg−1 h−1), or vehicle.ResultsSeptic sheep receiving vehicle developed renal medullary hypoperfusion (76 ± 16% decrease in perfusion), hypoxia (70 ± 13% decrease in oxygenation), and AKI (87 ± 8% decrease in creatinine clearance) with similar changes during IVT. However, RAT preserved medullary perfusion (1072 ± 307 to 1005 ± 271 units), oxygenation (46 ± 8 to 43 ± 6 mmHg), and creatinine clearance (61 ± 10 to 66 ± 20 mL min−1). Plasma, renal medullary, and cortical tissue malonaldehyde and medullary 3‐nitrotyrosine decreased significantly with sepsis but were unaffected by IVT or RAT. Consistent with decreased oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, cortical and medullary nuclear factor‐erythroid‐related factor‐2 increased significantly and were unaffected by IVT or RAT. However, RAT prevented sepsis‐induced overexpression of cortical tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α; 51 ± 16% decrease; p = 0.003) and medullary Thr‐495 phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; 63 ± 18% decrease; p = 0.015).ConclusionsIn ovine Gram‐negative sepsis, renal arterial infusion of tempol prevented renal medullary hypoperfusion and hypoxia and AKI and decreased TNF‐α expression and uncoupling of eNOS. However, it did not affect markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, which were significantly decreased by Gram‐negative sepsis.
Potential therapeutic target secretogranin II might cooperate with hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α in sunitinib‐resistant renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Fukumoto Wataru , Yoshino Hirofumi , Horike Shin‐Ichi , Kawakami Issei , Tamai Motoki , Arima Junya , Kawahara Ichiro , Mitsuke Akihiko , Sakaguchi Takashi , Inoguchi Satoru , Meguro‐Horike Makiko , Tatarano Shuichi , Enokida Hideki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, such as sunitinib, have been used as the primary targeted agents for patients with recurrent or distant metastasis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, endogenous or acquired sunitinib resistance has become a significant therapeutic problem. Therefore, we focused on mechanisms of sunitinib resistance in RCC. First, we undertook RNA sequencing analysis using previously established sunitinib‐resistant RCC (SUR‐Caki1, SUR‐ACHN, and SUR‐A498) cells. The results showed increased expression of secretogranin II (SCG2, chromogranin C) in SUR‐RCC cells compared to parental cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that SCG2 expression was increased in RCC compared to normal renal cells. In addition, the survival rate of the SCG2 high‐expression group was significantly lower than that of the RCC low‐expression group. Thus, we investigated the involvement of SCG2 in sunitinib‐resistant RCC. In vitro analysis showed that migratory and invasive abilities were suppressed by SCG2 knockdown SUR cells. As SCG2 was previously reported to be associated with angiogenesis, we undertook a tube formation assay. The results showed that suppression of SCG2 inhibited angiogenesis. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed a direct interaction between SCG2 and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). Expression levels of VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C downstream of HIF1α were found to be decreased in SCG2 knockdown SUR cells. In conclusion, SCG2 could be associated with sunitinib resistance through VEGF regulation in RCC cells. These findings could lead to a better understanding of the VHL/HIF/VEGF pathway and the development of new therapeutic strategies for sunitinib‐resistant RCC.
‘Once you bond … you want to create social change’: Interpersonal relationships in youth activism
Authors: Assan Thalia Thereza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper calls for greater attention to the interpersonal aspects of youth activism through a sociological and Black feminist exploration of peer relationships within youth political engagement. Drawing on a multi‐method qualitative research, the work foregrounds the perspectives and experiences of Black girls and girls of colour involved in an anti‐racist Scottish youth work charity. I argue that community and friendship ties cultivated participants' activism. Moreover, participants sought to enact social change by undertaking activist educational practices with their peers. This paper demonstrates how studying young people's peer relationships can engender a better understanding of youth activism and support it.
Clinical efficacy of transcrestal sinus floor augmentation, in comparison with lateral approach, in sites with residual bone height ≤6 mm: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Shaojie , Han Luyao , Su Jun , Guo Jianmei , Yu Fan , Zhang Wenyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis paper addressed two focused questions: Focused question 1 (Q1) “what is the clinical efficacy of transcrestal sinus floor augmentation (TSFA), as compared to lateral sinus floor augmentation (LSFA) in sites with residual bone height (RBH) ≤6 mm, in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs)?”; Focused question 2 (Q2) “what is the estimated effectiveness of TSFA for outcomes in Q1, in RCTs, CCTs or cohort studies?”Materials and MethodsAn electronic search (PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and hand search were conducted from January 1986 until December 2022. All eligible clinical studies expressly reporting TSFA in sites with RBH ≤6 mm were included. The data were extracted, and the risk of bias in individual studies was evaluated. Meta‐analysis was performed whenever possible.ResultsSeven RCTs were included for Q1 and 25 studies (9 RCTs, 2 CCTs, 14 single arm cohort studies) for Q2. Q1: Meta‐analysis did not show significant difference in the implant survival, sinus membrane perforation and marginal bone loss between TSFA and LSFA groups. Q2: Meta‐analysis showed TSFA had a high implant survival rate (96.5%, 95% CI: 93.2%–98.9%) at least 1 year after surgery, and limited sinus membrane perforation (5.4%, 95% CI: 2.7%–8.8%). The results also presented higher patient satisfaction for TSFA.ConclusionWith the limitations of the present study (high risk of bias in individual studies), it can be concluded that there was no significant difference in implant survival, Schneiderian membrane perforation and MBL between two approaches in sites with RBH ≤6 mm.
Long‐term cost‐effectiveness analysis of sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of severe faecal incontinence
Authors: de Miguel Valencia Mario J. , Cabasés Hita Juan M. , Sánchez Iriso Eduardo , Oteiza Martínez Fabiola , Alberdi Ibañez Iñaki , Álvarez López Alfonso , Ortiz Hurtado Héctor , de Miguel Velasco Mario J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of severe faecal incontinence as compared with symptomatic management.MethodsIn the public health field, a micro‐costing evaluation method was conducted from the perspectives of the health system and the society. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was used as a decision index, and we considered various scenarios to evaluate the impact of the cost of symptomatic management and percutaneous nerve evaluation success rate in its calculation. Clinical data were retrieved from a consecutive cohort of 93 patients with severe faecal incontinence undergoing sacral neuromodulation after a failure of conservative (pharmacological and biofeedback) and/or surgical (sphincteroplasty) first‐line treatments were considered.ResultsThe long‐term incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio comparing sacral neuromodulation versus symptomatic management was 14347€/QALY and 28523€/QALY from the societal and health service provider's perspectives, respectively. If the definitive pulse generator implant success rate was 100%, incremental cost‐effectiveness would correspond to 6831€/QALY and 16761€/QALY, respectively.ConclusionsSacral neuromodulation may be considered a cost‐effective technique in the long‐term treatment of severe faecal incontinence from the societal and health care sector perspectives. Improving patient selection and determining the predictive outcome factors for successful sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of faecal incontinence would improve cost‐effectiveness.
Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in hematologic malignancies: Successes, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Ho Matthew , Zanwar Saurabh , Paludo Jonas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe success of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy in hematologic malignancies has realized a longstanding effort toward harnessing the immune system to fight cancer in a truly personalized fashion. Second generation chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) incorporating co‐stimulatory molecules like 4‐1BB or CD28 were able to overcome some of the hindrances with initial CAR constructs resulting in efficacious products. Many second‐generation CAR‐T products have been approved in the treatment of relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, challenges remain in optimizing the manufacturing, timely access, limiting the toxicity from CAR‐T infusions and improving sustainability of responses derived with CAR‐T therapy. Here, we summarize the clinical trial data leading to approval CAR‐T therapies in MM and NHL, discuss the limitations with current CAR‐T therapy strategies and review emerging strategies for overcoming these limitations.