bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing prevalence of designer benzodiazepines in impaired driving: A 5-year analysis from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Papsun Donna M , Chan-Hosokawa Ayako , Lamb Michael E , Logan Barry 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Designer benzodiazepine (DBZD) use has been increasing over the past decade and poses a threat to human health and safety, particularly when involved in driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases. Over a 5-year period between 2017 and 2021, there were 1,145 reported DBZDs in 805 blood samples submitted from law enforcement agencies for DUID testing. Eleven different DBZDs were detected, including three metabolite pairs: etizolam/alpha-hydroxyetizolam, clonazolam/8-aminoclonazolam, diclazepam/delorazepam, flualprazolam, flubromazolam, flubromazepam, bromazolam and bromazepam. Etizolam/alpha-hydroxyetizolam (n = 485) and flualprazolam (n = 149) were the most frequently detected DBZDs, at 60% and 18%, respectively. Driving behavior, standardized field sobriety test performance and physical observations of individuals suspected of DUIDs, whose blood sample was toxicologically confirmed for one or more DBZDs, were consistent with the effects caused by central nervous system depressants. Each DBZD has its own unique timeline, and toxicology testing had to be frequently updated to reflect the state of the novel psychoactive substance market. DBZDs play a role in impaired driving and can be the sole intoxicant in DUID cases.
Significant UK Environmental Law Cases 2022–23
Authors: Helme Ned , Boukraa Adam , David Stephanie , Leydon Eleanor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This case law overview comments on significant UK environmental law cases for the period 1 April 2022–31 March 2023. It begins with an overarching introduction, which draws some general themes from our selection of cases, focussing on the scope of environmental law, connections between private and public law disputes, and the standard of review in the public law context. It then addresses 12 significant cases concerning statutory trusts over land under section 164 of the Public Health Act 1875 and section 10 of the Open Spaces Act 1906, public rights on Dartmoor Commons, private nuisance, climate change, insurance, environmental impact assessment, delay in judicial review, forestry, contaminated land, and habitats. It ends with some final thoughts on this year’s cases and the year ahead.
Mycotoxin tolerance affects larval competitive ability in Drosophila recens (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Kokate Prajakta P , Werner Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Certain mycophagous Drosophila species are the only known eukaryotes that can tolerate some highly potent mycotoxins. This association between mycophagy and mycotoxin tolerance is well established because Drosophila species that switch hosts from mushrooms to other food sources lose their mycotoxin tolerance trait without any evolutionary lag. These findings suggest that mycotoxin tolerance may be a costly trait to maintain. In this study, we attempted to identify whether mycotoxin tolerance has a fitness cost. Larval competitive ability is a vital fitness trait, especially in holometabolous insects, where the larvae cannot move to a new host. Furthermore, larval competitive ability is known to be associated with many critical life-history traits. Here we studied whether mycotoxin tolerance adversely affects larval competitive ability on isofemale lines from 2 distinct locations. We observed that the extent of mycotoxin tolerance affected larval competitive ability, but only in isofemale lines from one location. Additionally, we observed that the high mycotoxin-tolerant isofemale lines from the same location showed poor survival to eclosion. This study shows that mycotoxin tolerance is associated with fitness costs and provides preliminary evidence of an association between local adaptation and mycotoxin tolerance.
Group dynamics and activity patterns of two dolphin species, the Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) in direct sympatry
Authors: Curcio Nadia Soledad , Svendsen Guillermo Martin , Bartes Saia , Romero Maria Alejandra , Arias Magdalena , González Raúl Alberto , Dans Silvana Laura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Co-occurrence of species with similar ecological requirements could bring individual advantages, but when resources are scarce, co-occurring species would segregate to reduce competition and thus enable coexistence. We studied co-occurrence, group dynamics, and activity budgets, along with the seasonal and diel variation, of two sympatric species: the Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Dolphin groups were recorded by nautical surveys between 2006 and 2018, and classified the groups by their constituent species (single- or multispecies groups), group size, age/sex composition, predominant activity, season, and time block. Frequencies were arranged in contingency tables and analyzed by log-linear models. Activity bout duration also was recorded by focal-group follows and compared using nonparametric tests. Single- and multispecies groups’ occurrence varied throughout the year, with a period of high co-occurrence in spring and summer, when both species and most of multispecies groups were present, and a period of low co-occurrence, when mostly common dolphins remained in the area. Common dolphins occur in groups of more than a hundred while dusky dolphins do so in groups of 50 animals at most. Feeding time budget was higher in Dusky Dolphin single- and multispecies groups. Common dolphins showed a seasonal and diurnal pattern in activity budget. During the period of high co-occurrence, dusky dolphins’ group size showed a diurnal pattern, and both species increased their feeding time budgets, a putative indication of more favorable foraging conditions. During this period, dusky dolphins associate occasionally in multispecies groups, increasing feeding time budget and feeding bouts duration, suggesting that the association between the two species is beneficial.
Bioethics: Shaping Medical Practice and Taking Diversity Seriously
Authors: Cherry Mark J 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBioethics functions within a world of deep moral pluralism; a universe of discourse debating ethical analysis, public policy, and clinical practice in which a common, generally accepted morality does not exist. While religious thinkers are often approached within a hermeneutic of suspicion for assuming moral standards that cannot be justified in rational terms, secular bioethicists routinely find themselves in exactly the same intellectual predicament. That ethical theory, proposed values, or normative content is secular, that it does not invoke God or any particular religious perspective, does not mean that it is rationally grounded, necessarily true, or universally binding. As the authors in this issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy make clear, this normative reality directly impacts debates regarding concepts of health, illness, and disease, accounts of socially acceptable health-risky behaviors, and the political frameworks that shape public policy. As a result, honest discussion of diverse moral, religious, and political perspectives remains essential in clarifying the intellectual challenges, ethical intuitions, and ideological judgments that shape clinical practice and healthcare policy. Depending on which moral, political, or scientific concepts are guiding bioethical analysis, careful scrutiny will tend to support rather different policies and practices, each of which is likely to be worth careful consideration.
The Ancestral Shape of the Access Proton Path of Mitochondrial ATP Synthases Revealed by a Split Subunit-a
Authors: Wong Jonathan E , Zíková Alena , Gahura Ondřej 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The passage of protons across membranes through F1Fo-ATP synthases spins their rotors and drives the synthesis of ATP. While the principle of torque generation by proton transfer is known, the mechanisms and routes of proton access and release and their evolution are not fully understood. Here, we show that the entry site and path of protons in the lumenal half channel of mitochondrial ATP synthases are largely defined by a short N-terminal α-helix of subunit-a. In Trypanosoma brucei and other Euglenozoa, the α-helix is part of another polypeptide chain that is a product of subunit-a gene fragmentation. This α-helix and other elements forming the proton pathway are widely conserved across eukaryotes and in Alphaproteobacteria, the closest extant relatives of mitochondria, but not in other bacteria. The α-helix blocks one of two proton routes found in Escherichia coli, resulting in a single proton entry site in mitochondrial and alphaproteobacterial ATP synthases. Thus, the shape of the access half channel predates eukaryotes and originated in the lineage from which mitochondria evolved by endosymbiosis.
Prognostic nutritional index as an indicator for the development of bone fragility fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yoshii Ichiro , Sawada Naoya , Chijiwa Tatsumi 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The validity of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as an index of incident bone fragility fracture (inc-BFF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was investigated.

Methods
RA patients whom continuously followed up for &gt;3 years were picked up. Patients were classified in accordance with inc-BFF positivity (BFF+ and BFF−). Their clinical background including PNI was statistically examined for inc-BFF. The background factors were compared between the two groups. Patients were narrowed into subgroups according to the factor that showed a significant difference between the two groups, and they were statistically examined according to the PNI for the inc-BFF. The two groups were narrowed with propensity score matching and compared to the PNI.

Results
A total of 278 patients with 44 BFF+ and 234 BFF− were recruited. In the background factors, the presence of prevalent BFF and the simplified disease activity index remission rate had a significantly higher risk ratio. In a subgroup who comorbid lifestyle-related diseases, PNI had a significantly higher risk ratio for the inc-BFF. After the propensity score matching, the PNI showed no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions
PNI is available when patients with RA comorbid lifestyle-related diseases. PNI is not an independent key for the inc-BFF in RA patients.
Precise characterization of somatic complex structural variations from tumor/control paired long-read sequencing data with nanomonsv
Authors: Shiraishi Yuichi , Koya Junji , Chiba Kenichi , Okada Ai , Arai Yasuhito , Saito Yuki , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Kataoka Keisuke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present our novel software, nanomonsv, for detecting somatic structural variations (SVs) using tumor and matched control long-read sequencing data with a single-base resolution. The current version of nanomonsv includes two detection modules, Canonical SV module, and Single breakend SV module. Using tumor/control paired long-read sequencing data from three cancer and their matched lymphoblastoid lines, we demonstrate that Canonical SV module can identify somatic SVs that can be captured by short-read technologies with higher precision and recall than existing methods. In addition, we have developed a workflow to classify mobile element insertions while elucidating their in-depth properties, such as 5′ truncations, internal inversions, as well as source sites for 3′ transductions. Furthermore, Single breakend SV module enables the detection of complex SVs that can only be identified by long-reads, such as SVs involving highly-repetitive centromeric sequences, and LINE1- and virus-mediated rearrangements. In summary, our approaches applied to cancer long-read sequencing data can reveal various features of somatic SVs and will lead to a better understanding of mutational processes and functional consequences of somatic SVs.
Phase II Trial of Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Irinotecan in Patients with Advanced, Refractory Biliary Tract Carcinoma
Authors: Tella Sri Harsha , Foster Nathan , Qian Shi , Nguyen Tran , Borad Mitesh J , McWilliams Robert R , Alberts Steven R , Wee Ma Wen , Chakrabarti Sakti , Fruth Briant , Wessling Jaclynn , Hartgers Mindy , Washburn Leslie , Fernandez-Zapico Martin E , Hogenson Tara L , Pitot Henry , Jin Zhaohui , Mahipal Amit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil in combination with irinotecan in a phase II trial setting for refractory, advanced unresectable biliary tract carcinoma (BTC).

Methods
A total of 28 patients (27 were evaluable) with advanced BTCs who progressed on at least one prior systemic therapy were enrolled and were treated with trifluridine/tipiracil 25 mg/m2 (days 1-5 of 14-day cycle) and irinotecan 180 mg/m2 (day 1 of the 14-day cycle). The primary endpoint for the study was 16-week progression-free survival (PFS16) rate. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety were pre-specified secondary endpoints.

Results
Of 27 patients, PFS16 rate was 37% (10/27; 95% CI: 19%-58%), thereby meeting the criteria for success for the primary endpoint. The median PFS and OS of the entire cohort were 3.9 months (95% CI: 2.5-7.4) and 9.1 months (95% CI: 8.0-14.3), respectively. In the patients evaluable for tumor response (n = 20), the ORR and DCR were 10% and 50%, respectively. Twenty patients (74.1%) had at least one grade 3 or worse adverse event (AE), and 4 patients (14.8%) had grade 4 AEs. A total of 37% (n = 10/27) and 51.9% (n = 14/27) experienced dose reductions in trifluridine/tipiracil and irinotecan, respectively. Delay in therapy was noted in 56% of the patients while 1 patient discontinued the therapy, primarily due to hematologic AEs.

Conclusion
The combination of trifluridine/tipiracil plus irinotecan is a potential treatment option for patients with advanced, refractory BTCs with good functional status and no targetable mutations. A larger randomized trial is needed to confirm these results. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04072445)
Therapeutic Responses to Combination Nivolumab and Temozolomide as Salvage Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: A Case Series
Authors: Goodman Rachel S , Jung Seungyeon , Quintos Jessica , Johnson Douglas B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The management of metastatic melanoma patients that fail multiple lines of systemic therapy remains a significant challenge. There is limited literature regarding combination of anti-PD-1 and temozolomide, or of other chemotherapy agents, in melanoma. Here, we present a series of 3 patients with metastatic melanoma and their responses to nivolumab and temozolomide combination therapy after progression on several local/regional therapies, combination immune checkpoint inhibitors, and/or targeted therapies. The novel combinatory strategy led to remarkable responses in all 3 patients shortly after initiating treatment with tumor remission and symptomatic improvement. The first patient has had ongoing response 15 months after initiating treatment, although he has since discontinued temozolomide due to intolerance. The remaining 2 patients show ongoing response after 4 months, with good tolerability. This case series suggests that nivolumab and temozolomide may be a promising option in the setting of advanced melanoma refractory to standard treatments, and warrants further investigation in larger series.
The Field of Offerings or Field of Reeds
Authors: Álvarez Sosa Milagros 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study of the vignettes of the Book of the Dead is a field that has not often been investigated until recently. Its uniqueness lies in the long “lifespan” of its illustrations, which extends over a time frame that allows us to the iconographic variations they underwent. The chapter focuses on the iconographic analysis of vignette 110, which represents the so-called Field of Reeds, Field of Offerings, or Field of Hotep as it appears on papyri, where it is chiefly attested. By comparison, our study will go back to earlier periods: from its first literary texts dating from the Old Kingdom until its first iconographic representation on the coffins of the Middle Kingdom, its standardization with the appearance of the Book of the Dead during the New Kingdom, and the variation of its image until the Ptolemaic Period. The fact that our study covers a very wide span of time allows us to investigate the processes of development that this image and, by extension, the Book of the Dead underwent in the course of its transmission.
The Book of the Dead in Tombs
Authors: Einaudi Silvia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Book of the Dead spells began to be written on tomb walls in the Eighteenth Dynasty, in accordance with the contemporary increasing diffusion of this corpus of funerary texts. The great majority of tombs (private and royal) decorated with BD spells and/or vignettes are in the Theban necropolis and they date mainly to the Ramesside period (Nineteenth Dynasty in particular). At this time, some spells appear to be especially preferred, such as BD 1, 17, 59, 74, 110, 125, and 146. The presence of BD spells on tomb walls decreased first slowly, toward the end of the Twentieth Dynasty and then, drastically, in the Third Intermediate Period, for which only a few cases are known in the necropolises of Tanis and Saqqara. A sort of “revival” in the use of the Book of the Dead for tomb decoration is attested at Thebes in the Late Period, as an aspect of the tendency to display the archaism typical of the Twenty-fifth to Twenty-sixth Dynasties. In fact, the monumental tombs of the high officials in the Assasif necropolis show numerous BD spells on their walls, often arranged in long sequences that reflect, to a great extent, the canonical Saite recension of the Book of the Dead. The use of BD spells in tombs continued sporadically throughout the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods, for which some examples in Atfih, Tuna el-Gebel, Qaw el-Kebir, Akhmim, Hu, and the oases of Siwa and Dakhleh are attested.
Translating the Book of the Dead
Authors: Backes Burkhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When translating texts from the Book of the Dead, one is confronted with multiple challenges, most of which are common to the greater part of, if not all ancient Egyptian texts. The article therefore starts with an overview of the main issues to be considered when rendering texts, especially religious texts, from ancient Egyptian into a modern language. In addition to this, some aspects are of special relevance when dealing with the Book of the Dead. Among these is the problem of variation (e.g., synchronic vs. diachronic, mistakes vs. “true” variants): To what extent should alternative readings be indicated? Can there be a translation of “the” Book of the Dead at all? Different approaches with their respective advantages and weak points are explored, resulting in some programmatic suggestions.
The Book of the Ba
Authors: Kucharek Andrea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The modern title Book of the Ba designates a funerary composition known exclusively from Akhmim. Based on prosopographical and iconographical evidence, the papyri can be dated to the Ptolemaic Period, most likely the third century BCE. The text itself most likely originated in the New Kingdom. Only two copies of the Book of the Ba, each attached to a Book of the Dead papyrus, are extant. The eight spells and four vignettes of the composition focus on the ba, the bird-shaped, mobile manifestation of the deceased. While its layout, texts, and vignettes are unique, the Book of the Ba is in several ways closely related to the Book of the Dead.
The Funerary Literature Related to the Book of the Dead
Authors: Scalf Foy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Egyptian Book of the Dead had not been produced and transmitted in a literary vacuum. Many other funerary compositions were being created, copied, and inspired by the Book of the Dead, as well as influencing it. New funerary literature continued to flourish in ancient Egypt even after the rise of the Book of the Dead, beginning with the Netherworld Books of the New Kingdom and ending with the Demotic documents for Breathing in the Roman Period. The material attests to the sustained vitality and creativity alive within the priesthood for a period of over 1500 years. At the end of the tradition, the number of Book of the Dead manuscripts being produced decreases in favor of manuscripts compiled from a multiplicity of sources, some of the most common of which were the Books of Breathing, the Book of Traversing Eternity, and glorification spells, along with lamentations, liturgies, and decrees.
Spell 1 of the Book of the Dead and Its Vignette
Authors: Tawfik Tarek Sayed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of a central text and vignette of the Book of the Dead corpus. In fact it is so important that it generally opens the papyri of the New Kingdom as well as of the Late Period and which also occurs on tomb walls until the Late and Greco-Roman Periods. The text will be compared with the vignette of the spell showing the funerary procession and funerary rites performed for the mummy at the tomb. The text, however, is a text recited by the deceased himself and describing the deceased in a self-presentation in her or his mythical existence. Furthermore this chapter analyzes the scene of the funeral depicted in the vignette in detail, and in relation to similar funerary procession scenes depicted in tombs.
The Judgment
Authors: Janák Jiří 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article discusses different ancient Egyptian approaches to posthumous judgment and focuses on the motif of the Judgment of the Dead, both on its textual and pictorial attestations as it appears in the Book of the Dead tradition on papyrus and on other media. Apart from general themes and aspects of the concept in question, this article discusses and attempts to interpret individual motifs that are present in the visual representation of the judgment, mainly. In particular, the scene of weighing the heart, which is the main pictorial motif representing the Judgment of the Dead in the Book of the Dead, will be thoroughly analyzed.
Queer Culture(s)
Authors: Chernetsky Vitaly , McFadden Devin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The chapter provides an overview of the changes in conceptualizing the place of what scholars have termed gender and sexual dissent and its cultural representation in the context of Russian and Soviet society, and especially of the underground/non-conformist culture within it, highlighting the post-Stalin period as it traces continuities and breaks from the beginning of the twentieth century to the time of the collapse of the USSR. It contrasts the situation in the Soviet context with the evolving modern-era LGBTQ cultural networks in Western societies that have been studied much more extensively by historians, with emphasis on the problem of (in)visibility of queer culture within broader Soviet contexts. The core part of the chapter focuses on the case study of the writer Evgenii Kharitonov, the most influential and critically acclaimed queer figure within late Soviet-era underground culture.