bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxed specificity of BcpB transporters mediates interactions between
Burkholderia cepacia
complex contact-dependent growth inhibition systems
Authors: Elery Zaria K. , Myers-Morales Tanya , Phillips Erica D. , Garcia Erin C. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Belonging to the two-partner secretion family of proteins, contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) systems mediate interbacterial antagonism among closely related Gram-negative bacteria. The toxic portion of a large surface protein, BcpA/CdiA, is delivered to the cytoplasm of neighboring cells where it inhibits growth. Translocation of the antibacterial polypeptide out of the producing cell requires an associated outer membrane transporter, BcpB/CdiB. Some bacteria, including many
Burkholderia
species, encode multiple distinct CDI systems, but whether there is interaction between these systems is largely unknown. Using
Burkholderia cepacia
complex species as a model, here we show that related BcpB transporters exhibit considerable secretion flexibility and can secrete both cognate and non-cognate BcpA substrates. We also identified an additional unique
Burkholderia dolosa
CDI system capable of mediating interbacterial competition and demonstrated that its BcpB transporter has similar relaxed substrate specificity. Our results showed that two BcpB transporters (BcpB-2 and BcpB-3) were able to secrete all four of the
B. dolosa
BcpA toxins, while one transporter (BcpB-1) appeared unable to secrete even its cognate BcpA substrate under the tested conditions. This flexibility provided a competitive advantage, as strains lacking the full repertoire of BcpB proteins had decreased CDI activity. Similar results were obtained in
Burkholderia multivorans
, suggesting that secretion flexibility may be a conserved feature of
Burkholderia
CDI systems. Together these findings suggest that the interaction between distinct CDI systems enhances the efficiency of bacterial antagonism.

IMPORTANCE

The
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (Bcc) is a group of related opportunistic bacterial pathogens that occupy a diverse range of ecological niches and exacerbate disease in patients with underlying conditions. Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system proteins, produced by Gram-negative bacteria, contain antagonistic properties that allow for intoxication of closely related neighboring bacteria via a secreted protein, BcpA. Multiple unique CDI systems can be found in the same bacterial strain, and here we show that these distinct systems interact in several Bcc species. Our findings suggest that the interaction between CDI system proteins is important for interbacterial toxicity. Understanding the mechanism of interplay between CDI systems provides further insight into the complexity of bacterial antagonism. Moreover, since many bacterial species are predicted to encode multiple CDI systems, this study suggests that interactions between these distinct systems likely contribute to the overall competitive fitness of these species.
Effects on global warming by microbial methanogenesis in alkaline lakes during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA)
Authors: Xia Liuwen , Cao Jian , Hu Wenxuan , Stüeken Eva E. , Wang Xiaolin , Yao Suping , Zhi Dongming , Tang Yong , Xiang Baoli , He Wenjun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas, but its behavior and influencing factors over geological time scales are not sufficiently clear. This study investigated the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), which is thought to have experienced an interval of rapid warming at ca. 304 Ma, that may have been analogous to modern warming. To explore possible causes of this warming event, we investigated ancient alkaline lakes in the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. Results show that microbial CH4 cycling here was strong, as evidenced by carbonate δ13C (δ13Ccarb) values of &gt;5‰, ~+0.6‰ offsets between pristane δ13C (δ13CPr) and phytane δ13C (δ13CPh) values, a 3β-methylhopane index of 9.5% ± 3.0%, and highly negative δ13C values of hopanes (–44‰ to –61‰). Low sulfate concentrations in the alkaline lakes made methanogenic archaea more competitive than sulfate-reducing bacteria, and the elevated levels of dissolved inorganic carbon promoted methanogenesis. Biogenic CH4 emissions from alkaline lakes, in addition to CO2, may have contributed to rapid climate warming.
Return-to-work interventions for sick-listed employees with burnout: a systematic review
Authors: Lambreghts Charlotte , Vandenbroeck Sofie , Goorts Kaat , Godderis Lode 
Published: July 2023

Burnout is a work-related mental health problem that often causes long-term sickness absence. Return-to-work (RTW) interventions for burned-out sick-listed employees aim to prevent long-term work disability. This systematic review addresses two questions: (1) Which interventions for burned-out sick-listed employees have been studied?; (2) What is the effect of these interventions on RTW?We performed a systematic literature review and searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2022. We searched for articles of interventions for burned-out sick-listed employees. We conducted the review in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Outcome was RTW.We identified 2160 articles after removal of all duplicates. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. RTW outcomes were number of sick-leave days, sick-leave rates, median period of RTW and worked hours per week. Five studies described person-directed interventions, one described a workplace-directed intervention, one described a combination of both intervention types and one study described all three types of intervention. Only the workplace-directed intervention showed a significant improvement in RTW compared with the comparator group: at 18-month follow-up, 89% of the intervention group had returned to work compared with 73% of the comparator group.Only a limited number of studies have explored interventions specifically focused on burned-out sick-listed employees and the effect on RTW. Due to heterogeneity and moderate to high risk of bias of these studies, no firm conclusions can be drawn on the described interventions and their effect on RTW.The study was registered with the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42018089155).
Picea × darwyniana Björk & Goward: an invalid taxonomic name
Authors: Strong W.L 
Published: July 2023

Picea × darwyniana Björk & Goward was recently proposed to replace Picea albertiana S. Brown as the representative taxon for the hybrid offspring of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., but should be considered invalid for three reasons. First, the proponents failed to document in any way that the P. albertiana isotypes were Picea glauca × mariana Little & Pauley hybrids, as they claimed. Secondly, the P. albertiana isotypes lacked pubescent twigs, purple markings on their seed cones, and denticulate cone-scale margins, which are characteristics of P. glauca × mariana. This indicates a misinterpretation of the P. albertiana parentage. Lastly, P. × darwyniana appears to be an example of P. albertiana ssp. ogilviei Strong & Hills. As the latter is an earlier and validly published name, P. × darwyniana is an illegitimate replacement for plants within the P. glauca × engelmannii (= P.a. ssp. albertiana) and P. engelmannii × glauca (= P.a. ssp. ogilviei) circumscriptions based on naming priority.
Global, Regional, and National Economic Consequences of Stroke
Authors: Gerstl Jakob V.E. , Blitz Sarah E. , Qu Qing Rui , Yearley Alexander G. , Lassarén Philipp , Lindberg Rebecca , Gupta Saksham , Kappel Ari D. , Vicenty-Padilla Juan C. , Gaude Edoardo , Atchaneeyasakul Kunakorn C. , Desai Shashvat M. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Peruzzotti-Jametti Luca , Patel Nirav J. , Aziz-Sultan Mohammed A. , Du Rose , Smith Timothy R. , Bernstock Joshua D. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
An understanding of global, regional, and national macroeconomic losses caused by stroke is important for allocation of clinical and research resources. The authors investigated the macroeconomic consequences of stroke disease burden in the year 2019 in 173 countries.

METHODS:
Disability-adjusted life year data for overall stroke and its subtypes (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) were collected from the GBD study (Global Burden of Disease) 2019 database. Gross domestic product (GDP, adjusted for purchasing power parity [PPP]) data were collected from the World Bank; GDP and disability-adjusted life year data were combined to estimate macroeconomic losses using a value of lost welfare (VLW) approach. All results are presented in 2017 international US dollars adjusted for PPP.

RESULTS:
Globally, in 2019, VLW due to stroke was $2059.67 billion or 1.66% of the global GDP. Global VLW/GDP for stroke subtypes was 0.78% (VLW=$964.51 billion) for ischemic stroke, 0.71% (VLW=$882.81 billion) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 0.17% (VLW=$212.36 billion) for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The Central European, Eastern European, and Central Asian GBD super-region reported the highest VLW/GDP for stroke overall (3.01%), ischemic stroke (1.86%), and for subarachnoid hemorrhage (0.26%). The Southeast Asian, East Asian, and Oceanian GBD super-region reported the highest VLW/GDP for intracerebral hemorrhage (1.48%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The global macroeconomic consequences related to stroke are vast even when considering stroke subtypes. The present quantification may be leveraged to help justify increased spending of finite resources on stroke in an effort to improve outcomes for patients with stroke globally.
A Retrospective Report on Simple Febrile Seizure Management in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: VanDerhoef Katlin F. , Bergmann Kelly , Kaila Rahul , Shanley Ryan , Louie Jeffrey P. 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine whether pediatric emergency medicine physicians are compliant with the 9-year-old simple febrile seizure guideline created by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients, ages 6 to 60 months, who presented to the emergency department between May 2011 and December 2019. Key variables abstracted were urine, blood, nasal viral swab, and radiographic results. Results: The retrospective cohort of 285 children met inclusion criteria. Among 285 children, 342 studies were performed with a median of 1.2 studies per patient. There were 77 urine cultures obtained with 6 bacterial pathogens. Nasal viral swabs were performed on 65 children with 9 positive results. Blood cultures were obtained for 28 children and none were positive. Chest radiographs were performed on 37 children with 4 showing pneumonia. Conclusion: The study results reflect areas of opportunity to update guidelines with a focus to consider obtaining urine studies, viral sampling, and chest x-rays.
Are persons living with diagnosed HIV capable of mounting a strong inflammatory response to the new coronavirus?
Authors: Maro Anna , Rosenthal Elizabeth M. , Abdallah Marie , Tesoriero James , Dehovitz Jack 
Published: July 2023

Background The impact of COVID-19 on persons living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH) remains incompletely understood. It’s unclear whether an impaired immune system offers protection against mounting cytokine storm. Methods Retrospective matched cohort study of COVID-19 hospitalized individuals in New York State (NYS). Medical records were abstracted and analyzed for 853 PLWDH hospitalized with COVID-19 in NYS and 1621 HIV-negative controls. Preexisting comorbidities and inflammatory markers measured within 24 h of hospital admission were abstracted. Results PLWDH were significantly less likely to have elevated inflammatory markers compared to matched controls. Elevated WBC occurred in 23.3% of PLWDH vs 30.1% of controls ( p = .0002), elevated CRP in 37.4% of PLWDH vs 43.2% of controls ( p = .03), elevated ferritin in 73.4% of PLWDH vs 78.9% of controls ( p = .004). There was an inverse but not statistically significant relationship between the frequency of elevated inflammatory markers and HIV disease stage, with greatest percent of PLWDH with elevated WBC, LDH, CRP, and ferritin among PLWDH with HIV disease stage 1. Conclusion PLWDH had lower inflammatory marker elevation during COVID-19 infection compared to matched controls. PLWDH with low CD4 were less likely to mount a cytokine storm in the setting of impaired immune function.
Prevalence of mental disorders among older Australians: Contrasting evidence from the 2020–2021 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing among men and women and the Health In Men Data Linkage Study
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. , Hankey Graeme J. , Yeap Bu B. , Golledge Jonathan , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Robinson Suzanne , Flicker Leon 
Published: July 2023

Objective To determine the prevalence of common mental disorders among older Australians included in the Health In Men Data Linkage Study and compare those with the results of the 2020–2021 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHW). Method We used longitudinal record linkage to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders from age 65 years in a random sample of 38173 Australian men aged 65–85 years living in the Perth metropolitan region. Outcome was the proportion of participants affected by depressive episodes or dysthymia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, psychotic disorder and alcohol use disorder. Results Prevalence estimates for participants aged 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84 and ≥85 years were 0.9%, 2.0%, 3.6%, 5.8% and 12.6% for depressive, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.7% for bipolar, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.3%, 2.2%, 6.9% for anxiety, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.6% for psychotic and 1.2%, 1.7%, 2.1%, 2.2% and 4.2% for alcohol use disorders. Conclusions In contrast to the NSMHW, our data indicate that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders increases with age, particularly among the older old. We conclude that the NSMHW should not be relied upon to guide planning or policies to address the mental health needs of older Australians.
Medial Meniscal Posterior Horn Suturing Influences Tibial Internal-External Rotation in ACL-Reconstructed Knees
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Agostinone Piero , Paolo Stefano Di , Lucidi Gian Andrea , Pinelli Erika , Marchiori Gregorio , Bontempi Marco , Bragonzoni Laura , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: July 2023

Background: The role of meniscal lesions and repair in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction has not been extensively investigated in vivo and under weightbearing conditions. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to (1) compare the in vivo knee kinematics between patients with ACL tear and those with combined ACL and medial meniscal tears and (2) investigate kinematic differences between isolated ACL reconstruction and ACL reconstruction plus medial meniscal repair (MR). It was hypothesized that concomitant posterior horn medial meniscal tear and ACL deficiency would affect knee internal-external rotation and anterior-posterior translation but MR would restore these parameters. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Nineteen patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were included: 10 had intact menisci (IM group) and 9 had a medial meniscal injury that was repaired during ACL reconstruction using an all-inside technique (MR group). Preoperatively and 18 months postoperatively, active knee kinematics under weightbearing conditions was evaluated during a single-leg squat using a dynamic biplane x-ray imaging system. The general linear model was used to investigate the differences between group (IM vs MR) and time (preoperative vs follow-up) and their interactions. Results: Tibial internal rotation was higher in the MR group than the IM group both before and after surgery ( P = .007). Knee valgus rotation was higher in the MR group preoperatively ( P < .001), while no differences were found postoperatively because of an increase of valgus rotation in the IM group, which was significant in the descendant phase ( P < .001). Preoperatively, the IM group showed a more medial tibial translation compared with the MR group in the descendant phase ( P = .006). Conclusion: When performing a single-leg squat, patients with ACL-deficient knees and a medial meniscal tear demonstrated a more valgus rotation, tibial internal rotation, and lateral tibial translation versus those with intact menisci. After ACL reconstruction and MR, these patients demonstrated significantly higher tibial internal rotation when compared with patients who underwent isolated ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should be aware that MR does not fully restore knee kinematics in vivo and under weightbearing conditions in the context of ACL reconstruction.
Biomechanical Assessment and Neuromuscular Training to Mitigate Risk of Reinjury After ACLR
Authors: Thornton Laura , Goodloe J. Brett , Groseclose Inga , Cross Kevin , Diduch David R. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Reinjury rates following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remain high, and the cause is often multifactorial. There is growing literature supporting asymmetric biomechanical deficits leading to increased risk of reinjury. Neuromuscular training during postoperative rehabilitation may mitigate risk of reinjury by addressing these biomechanical deficits. Indications: Neuromuscular training is supported in the literature to reduce primary ACL injury risk and modify biomechanical risk factors. Incorporating neuromuscular training into postoperative rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction may reduce the risk of reinjury. Technique Description: The Landing Error Scoring System, or LESS test, is an assessment tool utilized to detect biomechanical asymmetries following ACL reconstruction. Video analysis allows for observation of subtle biomechanical differences. Neuromuscular training programs help improve these deficits through stepwise gradual and individualized progressions that are specific to each patient’s needs and desired athletic return. Results: A patient who participates in neuromuscular training as a component of postoperative rehabilitation should demonstrate improvements in their individual biomechanical deficits at the completion of the program described. Discussion/Conclusion: Biomechanical assessment following ACL reconstruction, such as the LESS test, can identify deficits that may increase risk of reinjury. Neuromuscular training following ACL reconstruction can address these deficits and potentially mitigate risk of reinjury. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Physiological responses and Ethylene-Response AP2/ERF Factor expression in Indica rice seedlings subjected to submergence and osmotic stress
Authors: Chi Hsin-Yu , Ou Shang-Ling , Wang Mao-Chang , Yang Chin-Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe increased frequency of heavy rains in recent years has led to submergence stress in rice paddies, severely affecting rice production. Submergence causes not only hypoxic stress from excess water in the surrounding environment but also osmotic stress in plant cells. We assessed physiological responses and Ethylene-Response AP2/ERF Factor regulation under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress in submergence-sensitive IR64 and submergence-tolerant IR64-Sub1Indica rice cultivars.ResultsOur results indicate that both IR64 and IR64-Sub1exhibited shorter plant heights and root lengths under submergence with nonionic osmotic stress than normal condition and submergence alone. IR64-Sub1seedlings exhibited a significantly lower plant height under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress than IR64 cultivars. IR64-Sub1seedlings also presented lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and higher survival rates than did IR64 seedlings after submergence with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress treatment. Sub1A-1 affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rice. The results also show that hypoxia-inducible ethylene response factors (ERF)-VII group andalcohol dehydrogenase 1(ADH1) andlactate dehydrogenase 1(LDH1) genes exhibited different expression levels under nonionic or ionic osmotic stress during submergence on rice.ConclusionsTogether, these results demonstrate that complex regulatory mechanisms are involved in responses to the aforementioned forms of stress and offer new insights into the effects of submergence and osmotic stress on rice.
Characterization of non-cardiac arrest PulsePoint activations in public and private settings
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer , Daya Mohamud R. , Sorenson Ben , Schaeffer Brian , Dawson Mike , Charter Michael , Nania James Mark , Charbonneau Julie , Robertson Jeremy , Mancera Michael , Carbon Chris , Jorgenson Dawn B. , Gao Mengqi , Price Richard , Rosse Chris , Rea Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Geospatial smartphone application alert systems are used in some communities to crowdsource community response for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Although the clinical focus of this strategy is OHCA, dispatch identification of OHCA is imperfect so that activation may occur for the non-arrest patient. The frequency and clinical profile of such non-arrest patients has not been well-investigated.

Methods
We undertook a prospective 3-year cohort investigation of patients for whom a smartphone geospatial application was activated for suspected OHCA in four United States communities (total population ~1 million). The current investigation evaluates those patients with an activation for suspected OHCA who did not experience cardiac arrest. The volunteer response cohort included off-duty, volunteer public safety personnel (verified responders) notified regardless of location (public or private) and laypersons notified to public locations. The study linked the smartphone application information with the EMS records to report the frequency, condition type, and EMS treatment for these non-arrest patients.

Results
Of 1779 calls where volunteers were activated, 756 had suffered OHCA, resulting in 1023 non-arrest patients for study evaluation. The most common EMS assessments were syncope (15.9%, n=163), altered mental status (15.5%, n=159), seizure (14.3%, n=146), overdose (13.0%, n=133), and choking (10.5%, n=107). The assessment distribution was similar for private and public locations. Overall, the most common EMS interventions included placement of an intravenous line (43.1%, n=441), 12-Lead ECG(27.9%, n=285), naloxone treatment (9.8%, n=100), airway or ventilation assistance (8.7%, n=89), and oxygen administration (6.6%, n=68).

Conclusions
More than half of patients activated for suspected OHCA had conditions other than cardiac arrest. A subset of these conditions may benefit from earlier care that could be provided by both layperson and public safety volunteers if they were appropriately trained and equipped.