bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous velocity determination and positioning using Doppler shift from a LEO constellation
Authors: Guo Fei , Yang Yan , Ma Fujian , Zhu Yifan , Liu Hang , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo provide backup and supplementation for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Doppler shift from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites can be used as signals of opportunity to provide positioning, navigation, and timing service. In this contribution, we first investigate the model and performance of instantaneous velocity determination and positioning with LEO satellites. Given a LEO constellation with 288 satellites, we simulate Doppler shift observations at nine multi-GNSS experiment stations. Owing to the lower orbit, the performance of LEO velocity determination is much more sensitive to the initial receiver position error than that of GNSS. Statistical results show that with the initial receiver position error increased from 0.1 to 10 m, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) increase from 0.73 to 2.65 cm/s, 0.68 to 2.96 cm/s, and 1.67 to 4.15 cm/s in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. The performances with GPS are compared with GPS + LEO, and it is found that LEO Doppler shift observations contribute to GPS velocity determination. As for LEO Doppler positioning, even if more than 30 visible LEO satellites are available, the position dilution of precision values can reach several hundreds. Assuming that the error of LEO Doppler measurements is 0.01 m/s, the instantaneous Doppler positioning accuracy can achieve about a few meters, which is comparable to that of GNSS pseudorange positioning. A constant velocity model is adopted for state transition. Static LEO Doppler positioning results show that an accuracy at centimeter to decimeter level can be achieved after solution convergence. For a static simulated kinematic positioning test, the RMSEs range from a few decimeters to several meters in different regions by giving different constraints. For a dynamic positioning test, the RMSEs are about 2–3 m in high latitude region.
A novel missense mutation in PLEKHG5 gene causing an intermediate form of autosomal-recessive Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease in an Iraqi family
Authors: Neissi Mostafa , Mabudi Hadideh , Al-Badran Adnan Issa , Mohammadi-Asl Javad , Al-Badran Raed Abdulelah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease comprises a large spectrum of clinically heterogeneous disorders. PLEKHG5 variants have shown an intermediate form of autosomal-recessive Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease C and distal spinal muscular atrophy IV. The purpose of this case study is to report a causative genetic defect associated with intermediate form of autosomal-recessive Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease C in an Iraqi consanguineous family.

Case presentation
Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing was used to identify probable gene defects in a 9-year-old male affected by CMTRIC. We found a new single mutation (c.1844C > A; p.T615N) in the PLEKHG5 gene, located in exon 17 (NM_020631.6), causing a missense mutation that has been changed one amino acid. The mutation was homozygous in the patient and heterozygous in his parents.

Conclusion
Our results expand the PLEKHG5 pathogenic mutation spectrum related to intermediate form of autosomal-recessive Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease C which is vital for screening and genetic diagnosis of the disease.
Computational coherent Raman scattering imaging: breaking physical barriers by fusion of advanced instrumentation and data science
Authors: Lin Haonan , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is a chemical imaging modality that provides contrast based on intrinsic biomolecular vibrations. To date, endeavors on instrumentation have advanced CRS into a powerful analytical tool for studies of cell functions and in situ clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the small cross-section of Raman scattering sets up a physical boundary for the design space of a CRS system, which trades off speed, signal fidelity and spectral bandwidth. The synergistic combination of instrumentation and computational approaches offers a way to break the trade-off. In this review, we first introduce coherent Raman scattering and recent instrumentation developments, then discuss current computational CRS imaging methods, including compressive micro-spectroscopy, computational volumetric imaging, as well as machine learning algorithms that improve system performance and decipher chemical information. We foresee a constant permeation of computational concepts and algorithms to push the capability boundary of CRS microscopy.
A novel case of tracheal deviation secondary to percutaneous tracheostomy
Authors: Wang Lily , Lu Justin , Ko Michael A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
This is a novel case of iatrogenic airway stenosis and tracheal deviation in a patient with previous percutaneous dilational tracheostomy.

Case presentation
This 65-year-old male presented with a short segment of combined flap-valve stenosis and tracheomalacia, with right tracheal deviation distal to the stenosis. Clinical staging of the stenosis corresponded to a Cotton-Meyer grade III and McCaffrey stage III. Tracheal resection and primary reconstruction was performed by thoracic surgery and otolaryngology.

Conclusion
No cases have reported both stenosis and tracheal deviation as a result of iatrogenic intervention. The nature of this injury highlights a need for rigour in approaching tracheostomy.
Reproducibility of Glycemic Measures Among Dysglycemic Youth and Adults in the RISE Study
Authors: Tjaden Ashley H , Edelstein Sharon L , Arslanian Silva , Barengolts Elena , Caprio Sonia , Cree-Green Melanie , Lteif Amale , Mather Kieren J , Savoye Mary , Xiang Anny H , Kahn Steven E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Previous work found poor reproducibility for measures of glycemia in individuals at risk for dysglycemia. Differences between youth and adults have not been assessed. Using youth and adults in the Restoring Insulin Secretion Study, we tested variability and classification concordance for hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), fasting and 2-hour glucose from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs).

Methods
HbA1c and glucose on repeated samples obtained ∼6 weeks apart were compared in 66 youth (mean age 14.2 years) and 354 adults (52.7 years). Changes, coefficient of variation (CV), and concordance of diagnostic categories between the 2 visits were compared.

Results
Mean difference between the 2 visits in HbA1c was higher in youth than adults (P &lt; .001), while fasting glucose was similar and 2-hour glucose was lower in youth (P = .051). CV was smallest for HbA1c compared to fasting and 2-hour glucose. For HbA1c, youth had higher CV (P &lt; .001); whereas CV for 2-hour glucose was lower for youth (P = .041). Classification concordance by HbA1c was lower in youth (P = .004). Using OGTT or HbA1c for classification, intervisit variability produced discordant classification in 20% of youth and 28% of adults. Using both fasting glucose and HbA1c, intervisit variability reduced discordant classification to 16% of adults while not improving classification in youth.

Conclusions
Poor reproducibility and lack of classification concordance highlight the limitations of one-time testing, with important implications for assessing eligibility in clinical trials. Consideration should be given to using more than a single parameter for screening and diagnosis, especially when classification category is important.
Temporally and regionally distinct morphogenetic processes govern zebrafish caudal fin blood vessel network expansion
Authors: Leonard Elvin V. , Hasan Sana Safatul , Siekmann Arndt F. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Blood vessels form elaborate networks that depend on tissue-specific signalling pathways and anatomical structures to guide their growth. However, it is not clear which morphogenetic principles organize the stepwise assembly of the vasculature. We therefore performed a longitudinal analysis of zebrafish caudal fin vascular assembly, revealing the existence of temporally and spatially distinct morphogenetic processes. Initially, vein-derived endothelial cells (ECs) generated arteries in a reiterative process requiring vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), Notch and cxcr4a signalling. Subsequently, veins produced veins in more proximal fin regions, transforming pre-existing artery-vein loops into a three-vessel pattern consisting of an artery and two veins. A distinct set of vascular plexuses formed at the base of the fin. They differed in their diameter, flow magnitude and marker gene expression. At later stages, intussusceptive angiogenesis occurred from veins in distal fin regions. In proximal fin regions, we observed new vein sprouts crossing the inter-ray tissue through sprouting angiogenesis. Together, our results reveal a surprising diversity among the mechanisms generating the mature fin vasculature and suggest that these might be driven by separate local cues.
Genetic dissection of triplicated chromosome 21 orthologs yields varying skeletal traits in Down syndrome model mice
Authors: Sloan Kourtney , Thomas Jared , Blackwell Matthew , Voisard Deanna , Lana-Elola Eva , Watson-Scales Sheona , Roper Daniel L. , Wallace Joseph M. , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Tybulewicz Victor L. J. , Roper Randall J. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes result from triplicated genes, but the effects of three copy genes are not well known. A mouse mapping panel genetically dissecting human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) syntenic regions was used to investigate the contributions and interactions of triplicated Hsa21 orthologous genes on mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu16) on skeletal phenotypes. Skeletal structure and mechanical properties were assessed in femurs of male and female Dp9Tyb, Dp2Tyb, Dp3Tyb, Dp4Tyb, Dp5Tyb, Dp6Tyb, Ts1Rhr and Dp1Tyb;Dyrk1a+/+/− mice. Dp1Tyb mice, with the entire Hsa21 homologous region of Mmu16 triplicated, display bone deficits similar to those of humans with DS and served as a baseline for other strains in the panel. Bone phenotypes varied based on triplicated gene content, sex and bone compartment. Three copies of Dyrk1a played a sex-specific, essential role in trabecular deficits and may interact with other genes to influence cortical deficits related to DS. Triplicated genes in Dp9Tyb and Dp2Tyb mice improved some skeletal parameters. As triplicated genes can both improve and worsen bone deficits, it is important to understand the interaction between and molecular mechanisms of skeletal alterations affected by these genes.
Social recapitulation: moulting can restore social tolerance in aggressive spiderlings
Authors: Mauduit Emilie , Jeanson Raphaël 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIn many taxa, the subsocial route is considered the main pathway to permanent sociality, but the relative contribution of offspring interactions and parental care to the maintenance of cohesion and tolerance at advanced developmental stages remains poorly studied. Spiders are relevant models for this question because they all show a transient gregarious phase before dispersal, and the transition to permanent sociality, which concerns approximately 20 of the ∼50,000 species, is assumed to rely on the subsocial route. Using spiderlings of the solitary species Agelena labyrinthica, we manipulated the social context to demonstrate that tolerance in aggressive juveniles can be restored when exposed to siblings after moulting. We propose that moulting can reopen closed critical periods and renew the imprinting to social cues and thus lead to the reacquisition of tolerance. Our study highlights the critical role of contacts between juveniles in the expression of tolerance, which opens novel avenues for understanding social transitions.
Balanced mitochondrial function at low temperature is linked to cold adaptation inDrosophilaspecies
Authors: Jørgensen Lisa Bjerregaard , Hansen Andrea Milena , Willot Quentin , Overgaard Johannes 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe ability of ectothermic animals to live in different thermal environments is closely associated with their capacity to maintain physiological homeostasis across diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations. For chill-susceptible insects, such as Drosophila, cold tolerance is tightly linked to ion and water homeostasis obtained through a regulated balance of active and passive transport. Active transport at low temperature requires a constant delivery of ATP and we therefore hypothesize that cold-adapted Drosophila are characterized by superior mitochondrial capacity at low temperature relative to cold-sensitive species. To address this, we investigated how experimental temperatures from 1 to 19°C affected mitochondrial substrate oxidation in flight muscle of seven Drosophila species and compared it with a measure of species cold tolerance (CTmin, the temperature inducing cold coma). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates measured using a substrate–uncoupler–inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocol showed that cooling generally reduced oxygen consumption of the electron transport system across species, as was expected given thermodynamic effects. Complex I respiration is the primary consumer of oxygen at non-stressful temperatures, but low temperature decreases complex I respiration to a much greater extent in cold-sensitive species than in cold-adapted species. Accordingly, cold-induced reduction of complex I respiration correlates strongly with CTmin. The relative contribution of other substrates (proline, succinate and glycerol 3-phosphate) increased as temperature decreased, particularly in the cold-sensitive species. At present, it is unclear whether the oxidation of alternative substrates can be used to offset the effects of the temperature-sensitive complex I, and the potential functional consequences of such a substrate switch are discussed.
Electric charging infrastructure and gender equality: An overview for USER-CHI (H2020 project)
Authors: Csillak Katharina , Kamenz Sophie 
Published: March 2023

Background: The paper investigates aspects of gender equality in the implementation process of charging infrastructure with the innovative solutions for “USER centric Charging Infrastructure project” (short: USER-CHI) as reference. The USER-CHI project offers possible solutions for user-friendly e-Mobility surrounding the Mediterranean and Scandinavian Trans European Network corridors. In this regard of providing user-friendly solutions, the need for further information to recognize gender bias in the implementation process arose. Methods: Therefore, the paper combines insights from the project’s product development and a literature review results of gender bias in infrastructure and mobility planning. It aims at providing knowledge about gender-specific and diverse user needs which then can be incorporated into the design of charging infrastructure. Results: The term “gender bias” is commonly understood as opinionated actions or ideas as said by the gender-grounded receptivity that women are not associated to men in status and rights. Projects in the realm of electrification of mobility and its infrastructures lack in diversity sensitivity. This paper addresses these gaps by evaluating existing datasets from the User Chi project and identifying gender bias in literature research of the mobility and transport field. Conclusions: The authors conclude that more diverse approaches are needed. Due to the limitations of the available dataset, the authors apply a differentiation between male and female usage patterns and needs in mobility solutions as a starting point. Therefore, the recommendations made in this paper focus on the accessibility of electric mobility and charging infrastructure for women while setting the goal to establish a more diverse (respectively gender neutral) access to this type of mobility.
THE SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE BLOCK (SSCNB) IS EASILY ADMINISTERED USING A LANDMARK-BASED TECHNIQUE: A CADAVERIC STUDY TO ASSESS NERVE STAINING POST-INJECTION
Authors: Brennan C.M. , Slevin Z. , Savaridas T. 
Published: March 2023

The suprascapular nerve is an ideal target for nerve blockade to alleviate shoulder pain given its widespread innervation to the shoulder girdle. Many techniques have been described. To widen the availability of this treatment we investigate whether an anatomical landmark technique can be easily learned by novice injectors to provide efficacious blockade.Five injectors were recruited with varying experience; from the novice medical student to an orthopaedic consultant. Five torsos (10 shoulders) were used. A single page of written instruction and illustration of the Dangoisse landmark technique was provided prior to injection of a Thiel embalmed cadaver bilaterally. A pre-mixed injectate with blue dye was used. Cadavers were dissected and the presence or absence of dye staining reported by 3 observers and a consensus agreement reached.Dissection demonstrated diffuse staining in the suprascapular fossa. 90% of shoulders were found to have adequate staining of the suprascapular nerve directly, or its distal branches, in a manner which would provide adequate anaesthesia. The inter-observer agreement was good (k = 0.73) for staining at the supraspinous fossa and excellent (k=0.87) for staining distally. The technique was easily performed by novice injectors with a 100% success rate.We demonstrate that this technique is reproducible by a range of clinicians to effectively provide anaesthesia of the SScN. The main risks are ineffective block (10% in this series) and of intravascular injection. Within a resource strained healthcare environment greater uptake of this technique is likely to be of benefit to a wider array of patients.
EFFECT OF ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIP FRACTURES AND FACTORS INFLUENCING COMPLIANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Chen B. , Zhang J. H. , Duckworth A. D. , Clement N. D. 
Published: March 2023

Hip fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and malnutrition is a critical determinant of these outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine whether oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) improves postoperative outcomes in older patients with hip fracture. An electronic systematic literature search was conducted in August 2022 using four databases. Randomized trials documenting ONS in older patients with hip fracture (aged 50+) were included. Two reviewers evaluated study eligibility, data extraction and assessed study quality.There were 812 studies identified of which 18 studies involving 1,512 patients met the inclusion criteria. The overall meta-analysis demonstrates that ONS was associated with a significant risk reduction in infective complications (odds ratio (OR) 0.54, 95%CI 0.38, 0.76), pressure ulcers (OR 0.54, 95%CI 0.33, 0.88), total complications rate (OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.42, 0.79). Length of hospital stay (LOS) was also significantly reduced (weighted mean difference (WMD) −2.01, 95%CI −3.52, −0.5), particularly in the rehabilitation LOS (WMD −4.17, 95%CI −7.08, −1.26). There was a tendency towards lower risk in mortality (OR 0.93, 95%CI 0.62, 1.4) and readmission (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.16, 1.73), though statistical significance was not achieved. The overall compliance to ONS ranged from 64.1% to 100%, but no factors influencing compliance were identified.This systematic review was the first to quantitatively demonstrate that ONS reduces half the risk of infective complications, pressure ulcers, total complication rate and reduces LOS. ONS should be a regular and integrated part of medical practice, especially given that the compliance to ONS is acceptable.
Turismo de Naturaleza. Complemento por exelencia de los productos de Sol y Playa del Caribe
Authors: Medina Norman , Santamarina Jorge 
Published: March 2023

Los productos de Turismo de Sol y playa están en plena fase de madurez y, en algunas modalidades y regiones, están mostrando tendencias a la declinación. La experiencia del desarrollo de los productos turísticos indica que una forma de cambiar esa tendencia es rediseñándolos, complementándolos con otros que puedan enriquecerlos y convertirlos en nuevos productos. Por sus características, los productos de Turismo de Naturaleza son los más indicados para jugar ese papel en el Caribe, que posee escenarios naturales variados, espectaculares y únicos.
Análisis para el diseño curricular de los estudios en turismo en República Dominicana: Competencias y perfiles profesionales para habilitar el desarrollo prospectivo del turismo
Authors: Peguero Manzanares David , Sanmartín Antolín Gloria , Iglesias Xamaní Montserrat 
Published: March 2023

La necesidad de repensar y redefinir los estudios universitarios de turismo en la Republica Dominicana, donde el sector turístico es clave para el desarrollo económico, provocó que el Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología dominicano lanzara en 2011 un proyecto destinado a elaborar una base metodológica que sirva de guía para el rediseño de la Licenciatura en Turismo.Las principales líneas estratégicas se han formulado partiendo de dos requisitos esenciales: la necesidad de cubrir una gama más amplia de perfiles profesionales y la necesidad de “turistificación” curricular.Las competencias de los graduados en todos los ámbitos cognitivos del turismo deberían desarrollarse mediante una formación dirigida a la creación y gestión de empresas turísticas, productos y destinos. El objetivo es generar opciones innovadoras para la revitalización económica, la descentralización del enfoque actual en la hotelería y la incorporación de nuevos entornos profesionales con potencial de crecimiento en el sector turístico dominicano.Dada la heterogeneidad de los destinos turísticos existentes y potenciales, la idiosincrasia de cada región se ha tenido en cuenta con el fin de contextualizar los planes de estudio y de fomentar el espíritu empresarial forjando los futuros directivos de pequeñas y medianas empresas, optimizando así sus recursos.
Multiscale architecture for fast optical addressing and control of large-scale qubit arrays
Authors: Graham T. M. , Oh E. , Saffman M. 
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a technique for rapid site-selective control of the
quantum state of particles in a large array using the combination of a
fast deflector (e.g., an acousto-optic deflector) and a
relatively slow spatial light modulator (SLM). The use of SLMs for
site-selective quantum state manipulation has been limited due to slow
transition times that prevent rapid, consecutive quantum gates. By
partitioning the SLM into multiple segments and using a fast deflector
to transition between them, it is possible to substantially reduce the
average time increment between scanner transitions by increasing the
number of gates that can be performed for a single SLM full-frame
setting. We analyzed the performance of this device in two different
configurations: In configuration 1, each SLM segment addresses the
full qubit array; in configuration 2, each SLM segment addresses a
subarray and an additional fast deflector positions that subarray with
respect to the full qubit array. With these hybrid scanners, we
calculated qubit addressing rates that are tens to hundreds of times
faster than using an SLM alone.
Performance evaluation of a time-division multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensor based on heterodyne detection
Authors: Kuroda Keiji 
Published: March 2023

Using a technique to observe reflection spectra, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved for time-division multiplexed interrogation of three fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) based on heterodyne detection methods. To calculate peak reflection wavelengths of the FBG reflections, absorption lines of 12C2H2 are used as wavelength markers, and temperature dependence of the peak wavelength is measured for one FBG. Positioning the FBGs at a distance of 20 km from the control port demonstrates the applicability of this method to a long sensor network.