bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung der Zirkumzisionszahlen in Deutschland seit Billigung der rituellen Beschneidung
Authors: Aksoy Cem , Zacharis Aristeidis , Groeben Christer , Karschuck Philipp , Flegar Luka , Baunacke Martin , Thomas Christian , Schmidt Marcel , Huber Johannes 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungEinleitungDie Zirkumzision Minderjähriger aus kulturellen und religiösen Gründen ist umstritten. Bei der Diskussion zum Beschneidungsgesetz von 2012 wurde eine Zunahme der Zirkumzision Minderjähriger ohne medizinische Indikation befürchtet. Ziel der Arbeit war es daher, die Entwicklung der Fallzahlen zu analysieren.Material und MethodenAuf Basis der Forschungsdatenbank des Instituts für angewandte Gesundheitsforschung GmbH (InGef) mit nach Alter und Region repräsentativen 4,9 Mio. Versichertenanonymen schätzten wir die jährlichen Zirkumzisionszahlen in Deutschland von 2013 bis 2018. Dabei stratifizierten wir die Daten nach Alter (< 18 vs. ≥ 18 Jahren), Kassenärztlicher Vereinigung und Art der Leistungserbringung (ambulant vs. stationär).ErgebnisseIm Studienzeitraum wurden insgesamt 673.819 Beschneidungen durchgeführt. Ab 2014 kam es zu einem signifikanten Rückgang der Fallzahlen in allen Altersgruppen (p = 0,049). Dabei haben während des gesamten Studienzeitraums die Beschneidungen bei Minderjährigen signifikant zugenommen (p = 0,002) und die Eingriffe bei Erwachsenen signifikant abgenommen (p = 0,01). Die Zahl der männlichen Minderjährigen stieg um 4 % von 6.709.137 (2013) auf 6.992.943 (2018). Die entsprechende bevölkerungsbezogene Zahl stieg von 7,5 Beschneidungen pro 1000 Minderjährige im Jahr 2013 auf 8 im Jahr 2018 (p = 0,037).SchlussfolgerungNach der Verabschiedung des Beschneidungsgesetzes 2012 kam es zu einer moderaten Zunahme der Zirkumzisionen in der Altersgruppe < 18 Jahre. Eine Limitation unserer Studie ist, dass ein unbestimmter Anteil ritueller Beschneidungen außerhalb des Gesundheitssystems erfolgte.
Abstraction, mimesis and the evolution of deep learning
Authors: Eklöf Jon , Hamelryck Thomas , Last Cadell , Grima Alexander , Snis Ulrika Lundh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeep learning developers typically rely on deep learning software frameworks (DLSFs)—simply described as pre-packaged libraries of programming components that provide high-level access to deep learning functionality. New DLSFs progressively encapsulate mathematical, statistical and computational complexity. Such higher levels of abstraction subsequently make it easier for deep learning methodology to spread through mimesis (i.e., imitation of models perceived as successful). In this study, we quantify this increase in abstraction and discuss its implications. Analyzing publicly available code from Github, we found that the introduction of DLSFs correlates both with significant increases in the number of deep learning projects and substantial reductions in the number of lines of code used. We subsequently discuss and argue the importance of abstraction in deep learning with respect to ephemeralization, technological advancement, democratization, adopting timely levels of abstraction, the emergence of mimetic deadlocks, issues related to the use of black box methods including privacy and fairness, and the concentration of technological power. Finally, we also discuss abstraction as a symptom of an ongoing technological metatransition.
The Order of Convergence in the Averaging Principle for Slow-Fast Systems of Stochastic Evolution Equations in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: de Feo Filippo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work we are concerned with the study of the strong order of convergence in the averaging principle for slow-fast systems of stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces with additive noise. In particular the stochastic perturbations are general Wiener processes, i.e their covariance operators are allowed to be not trace class. We prove that the slow component converges strongly to the averaged one with order of convergence 1/2 which is known to be optimal. Moreover we apply this result to a slow-fast stochastic reaction diffusion system where the stochastic perturbation is given by a white noise both in time and space.
Wirkfaktoren von Tanz- und Bewegungstherapie im klinischen Kontext
Authors: Estel Sophia M. , Koch Sabine C. 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn einer multizentrischen Wirkfaktorenstudie wurden 82 psychiatrische und psychosomatische Patient*innen zur Wirkweise von Tanz- und Bewegungstherapie („dance movement therapy“, DMT) befragt. Hypothetisiert wurden (1) ein positiver Effekt der DMT auf Stress (gemessen mit der visuellen Analogskala, VAS), Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (SWE; gemessen mit der Allgemeinen Selbstwirksamkeits Kurzskala, ASKU; Beierlein et al. 2012) und Wohlbefinden (WB; gemessen mit dem Heidelberg State Inventory, HSI; Koch et al. 2016), (2) die Vorhersage der Veränderungen der 3 Outcomes über die Behandlungszeit durch allgemeine psychotherapeutische, künstlerisch-therapeutische sowie tanz- und bewegungstherapeutische Wirkfaktoren (dmt-WF). Explorativ wurde der selbstkonstruierte Fragebogen zu spezifischen Wirkfaktoren der DMT (DMT-SF) psychometrisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine signifikante Verbesserung aller Outcomes mit großem Effekt (p < 0,0001; ηp2 = 0,49). Die Veränderungen von Stress und WB konnten statistisch bedeutsam durch die allgemeinen psychotherapeutischen Wirkfaktoren vorhergesagt werden. Für die DMT-SF-Skala ergaben sich zufriedenstellende Gütekriterien sowie eine 3‑faktorielle Lösung mit den Dimensionen Embodiment, Konkretisierung und Gespiegeltwerden (Varianzaufklärung von 61,28 %). Die zusätzliche qualitative Analyse der textuellen Aussagen der Patient*innen über die Wirkweise von DMT bündelte in einem thematischen Netzwerk eine Vielzahl von therapeutischen Wirkfaktoren unter 6 globalen Themen. Die DMT wurde von der Hälfte der Patient*innen als hilfreichste Therapieform im Behandlungsspektrum genannt. Es wurde deutlich, dass die DMT einen bedeutsamen Beitrag als integrativ-medizinisches Verfahren im klinischen Kontext leistet. Des Weiteren legten die Ergebnisse der DMT-SF-Skala nahe, Embodiment (hier besonders gekennzeichnet durch Interozeption) als Generalfaktor von DMT sowie in Bezug auf Psychotherapie i. Allg. stärker zu gewichten und zukünftig weiterzuuntersuchen.
Atmospheric controls on the Terra Nova Bay polynya occurrence in Antarctica
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo , Francis Diana , Aulicino Giuseppe , Mattingly Kyle S. , Fusco Giannetta , Budillon Giorgio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolynyas, or ice-free regions within the sea ice pack, are a common occurrence around Antarctica. A recurrent and often large polynya is the Terra Nova Bay Polynya (TNBP), located on the western side of the Ross Sea just off Victoria Land. In this study, we investigate the atmospheric conditions leading to the occurrence of the TNBP and its spatial variability, as estimated using satellite-derived ice surface temperature and sea ice concentration data. A cluster analysis revealed that katabatic winds descending the Transantarctic Mountains, account for about 45% of the days when the TNBP exceeded its 2010–2017 mean extent plus one standard deviation. Warmer and more moist air intrusions from lower-latitudes from the Pacific Ocean, which are favoured in the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode, play a role in its expansion in the remaining days. This is more frequent in the transition seasons, when such events are more likely to reach Antarctica and contribute to the occurrence and the widening of the polynya. In-situ weather data confirmed the effects of the mid-latitude air intrusions, while sea ice drifts of up to 25 km day−1 cleared the ice offshore and promoted the widening of the polynya starting from the coastal areas. Knowing the atmospheric factors involved in the occurrence of coastal polynyas around Antarctica is essential as it helps in improving their representation and predictability in climate models and hence advance the models’ capabilities in projecting Antarctic sea ice variability.
Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timing of surgical triage, tumor stage, and therapy of patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Speichinger Fiona , Berg Ann-Kathrin , Stoyanova Ani , Pozios Ioannis , Loch Florian , Lauscher Johannes C. , Beyer Katharina , Slavova Nadia , Schineis Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
With the onset of the COVID pandemic in Germany in March 2020, far-reaching restrictions were imposed that limited medical access for patients. Screening examinations such as colonoscopies were greatly reduced in number. As rapid surgical triage after diagnosis is prognostic, our hypothesis was that pandemic-related delays would increase the proportion of advanced colon cancers with an overall sicker patient population.

Methods
A total of 204 patients with initial diagnosis of colon cancer were analyzed in this retrospective single-center study between 03/01/2018 and 03/01/2022. Control group (111 patients, pre-COVID-19) and the study group (93 patients, during COVID-19) were compared in terms of tumor stages, surgical therapy, complications, and delays in the clinical setting. The data were presented either as absolute numbers or as median for constant data.

Results
A trend towards more advanced tumor stages (T4a p = 0.067) and a significant increase of emergency surgeries (p = 0.016) with higher rates of ileus and perforation (p = 0.004) as well as discontinuity resections (p = 0.049) during the pandemic could be observed. Delays in surgical triage after endoscopic diagnosis were seen during the 2nd lockdown (02/11/20–26/12/20; p = 0.031).

Conclusion
In summary, the results suggest delayed treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the infection pattern of COVID appearing to have a major impact on the time between endoscopic diagnosis and surgical triage/surgery. Adequate care of colon cancer patients is possible even during a pandemic, but it is important to focus on structured screening and tight diagnosis to treatment schedules in order to prevent secondary pandemic victims.
The history of circadian rhythm research in Austria
Authors: Schernhammer Eva S. , Klösch Gerhard , Ellinger Isabella , Winkler Dietmar , Winkler-Pjrek Edda , Jordakieva Galateja , Papantoniou Kyriaki , Strohmaier Susanne , Lell Bertrand , Waldhauser Franz 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn view of the recent revival of interest in circadian biology and circadian epidemiology at the Medical University of Vienna, it seems appropriate to highlight the rich and pioneering history of circadian research in Austria. Among the forefathers of circadian research in Vienna are Otto Marburg (1874–1948), who discovered important elements of the pineal gland physiology, Robert Hofstätter (1883–1970), who used pineal gland extract in obstetrics/gynecology, and Paul Engel (1907–1997), who discovered that the pineal gland was controlled by light. More recently, Vera Lapin (1920–2007) showed that surgical removal of the pineal gland increased tumor growth, while Franz Waldhauser (*1946) investigated melatonin in conjunction with night work. Michael Kundi (*1950) and his team conducted among the first studies demonstrating differences in rhythms of night workers and early evidence for health impairments among them. Furthermore, Vienna-born Erhard Haus (1926–2013) pioneered the discovery of the role and importance of melatonin in relation to numerous diseases. This rich pioneering contribution of scientists in Vienna or with roots in Vienna is continued today by a new generation of chronobiologists, epidemiologists and clinicians in Vienna whose new insights contribute to the rapidly developing field of circadian rhythms research. Current topics and contributions relate to the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on health, and the application of chronotherapeutic approaches in clinical and preventive settings.
Hostile and threatening interpretation biases in adolescent inpatients are specific to callous-unemotional traits and social anxiety
Authors: Dapprich Anna L. , Derks Laura M. , Holtmann Martin , Lange Wolf-Gero , Legenbauer Tanja , Becker Eni S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPsychopathological syndromes, such as disruptive behavior and anxiety disorders in adolescence, are characterized by distorted cognitions and problematic behavior. Biased interpretations of ambiguous social situations can elicit both aggressive and avoidance behavior. Yet, it is not well understood whether different interpretation biases are specific to different syndromes, or whether they can co-occur. We assessed both hostile and threatening interpretation biases in identical social situations, and proposed that they are uniquely related to callous-unemotional (CU) traits and social anxiety, respectively. We also explored the role of gender and age herein. The sample consisted of 390 inpatients between 10 and 18 years of age with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Hostile and threatening interpretations were assessed with the Ambiguous Social Scenario Task (ASST) consisting of 10 written vignettes. Both CU-traits and social anxiety were assessed with self-report questionnaires. Results showed that, overall, CU-traits were related to more hostile interpretations, whereas social anxiety was related to more threatening interpretations. In addition, in boys, hostile and threatening interpretations correlated significantly positive with each other. Age was not related to interpretation biases. Together, these results generally support the content-specificity of interpretation biases in concepts relevant to disruptive behavior disorders and anxiety disorders, and indicate that different interpretation biases can co-occur specifically in boys.
Verbenone—the universal bark beetle repellent? Its origin, effects, and ecological roles
Authors: Frühbrodt Tobias , Schebeck Martin , Andersson Martin N. , Holighaus Gerrit , Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Burzlaff Tim , Delb Horst , Biedermann Peter H. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) spend most of their life in tissues of host plants, with several species representing economically relevant pests. Their behaviour is largely guided by complex olfactory cues. The compound verbenone was discovered early in the history of bark beetle pheromone research and is now sometimes referred to as a ‘universal bark beetle repellent’. However, some studies aiming to protect trees with verbenone have failed. In fact, most research effort has gone into applied studies, leaving many questions regarding the ecological functions of verbenone for various species unanswered. Here, we review and analyse the scientific literature from more than 50 years. Behavioural responses to verbenone are common among pest bark beetles (< 1% of scolytine species studied so far). Indeed, attraction is inhibited in 38 species from 16 genera, while some secondary species are unaffected or even attracted to verbenone. It is not clear whether the beetles can control the biosynthesis of verbenone; its release may not be an active signal by the beetles, but a passive cue resulting from microorganisms during host colonisation. In this context, we advocate to recognise a bark beetle and its microbiome as an entity (‘holobiont’), to better understand temporal release patterns and deduce the specific function of verbenone for a given species. Surprisingly, natural enemies are not commonly attracted by verbenone, but more taxa need to be studied. A better understanding of the ecological functions of verbenone will help to make verbenone-based tools more effective and improve integrated pest management strategies.
Landslides in the Remolinos gypsum escarpment (NE Spain): controls imposed by stratigraphy, fluvial erosion, and interstratal salt dissolution
Authors: Gutiérrez Francisco , Sevil Jorge , Migoń Piotr 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDissolution of karst rocks (evaporites and carbonates) can cause significant mechanical weakening, but its preparatory role for landslide development has been scarcely explored. Fluvial valleys carved in gypsum bedrock typically display prominent escarpments with numerous landslides and perched valleys indicative of rapid retreat rate. The stratigraphic and cartographic analysis of the 37-km-long Remolinos gypsum escarpment in the Ebro Valley (NE Spain) reveals that landslide types are controlled by the lithological succession: (1) rotational slides in sections with mudstones and marls at the base; (2) rock-slope collapses (massive rock-falls) where the cliff includes halite packages at the foot; and (3) relatively small rock-falls and topples being the main failures affecting cliffs entirely made by gypsum. Fluvial undercutting by the highly mobile Ebro River is the main process that controls the spatial and temporal distribution of slope instability. Geomorphic and chronological evidence supports that the abandonment in 1574 of the El Castellar village was at least partially motivated by a shift in the river channel toward the escarpment and the consequent landslide activity. Several lines of evidence support the concept whereby interstratal salt dissolution (halite and glauberite), here designated as subsurface solutional undermining, play a significant preparatory role for landslide development: (1) dissolution of salt close to the scarp by the inward advance of dissolution fronts and subsidence of the overlying strata; (2) collapsed fault blocks with no offset across the grabens; and (3) brine seepages and extensive efflorescences and precipitates of Na-sulfates and halite.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of ascending aortic dilatation in patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tukker Martijn , Leening Maarten J.G. , Mohamedhoesein Sharida , Vanmaele Alexander L.A. , Caliskan Kadir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAscending aortic (AoAsc) dilatation can lead to acute aortic syndromes and has been described in various familial cardiac diseases. Its prevalence and clinical significance in patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) are however unknown. Establishing the prevalence can facilitate recommendations on routine screening in NCCM. In this cross-sectional cohort study based on the Rijnmond Heart Failure/Cardiomyopathy Registry, the patient were enrolment between 2014 and 2021. All NCCM patients (n = 109) were age and sex matched with 109 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients as controls. The aortic diameters were measured through the parasternal long-axis transthoracic echocardiographic view at the sinuses of valsalva (SoV-Ao), sinotubular junction (STJ) and ascending aorta (AscAo). Dilatation was defined using published criteria adjusted for body surface area (BSA), sex, and age. Median age of age-sex matched NCCM and DCM patients was 45[31–56] vs. 45 [31–55] years with 53% males in both groups. NCCM patients had more familial hereditary patterns and genetic variants (55% vs. 24%, p < 0.001). DCM patients had more heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 34 ± 11 vs. 41 ± 12, p = 0.001). Ascending aortic dilatation was present in 8(7%) patients with NCCM and 5(5%) patients with DCM (p = 0.46). All dilatations were classified as mild. In conclusion, in this cross-sectional cohort study the prevalence of ascending aortic dilatation in NCCM patients was 7%, which were only mild dilatations and not significantly different from an age-sex matched cohort of DCM patients. Routine aortic dilatation screening therefore does not seem warranted in patients with NCCM.
Economic zones and local income inequality: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Hornok Cecília , Raeskyesa Dewa Gede Sidan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEconomic zones can be powerful drivers of economic growth in developing countries. However, less is known about their distributional impact on the local society. This paper provides empirical evidence from Indonesian provinces on the relationship between economic zones and within-province income inequality. We apply fixed-effects panel estimation to province-level data for the whole of Indonesia, which we then complement with separate studies on the opening of three economic zones in three provinces using the synthetic control method. The results suggest that the above relationship is positive overall. The estimated rise in income inequality after a zone opens is, however, relatively small on average and may be short-lived. Moreover, the average estimate masks large regional differences, which suggests that the inequality implications of economic zone policies depend on local conditions. One possible explanation for the rise in inequality is that the unskilled population benefits disproportionately less from the policy.
Application of thermal methods in the studies of potential pozzolanic reactivity of attapulgite and sepiolite
Authors: Malata G. , Tkaczewska E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAim of study was to verify the effect of temperature on the pozzolanic reactivity of thermally activated attapulgite and sepiolite samples. Activation temperatures were selected: 650, 700 and 750 °C for attapulgite and 800, 825 and 850 °C for sepiolite. Content of pozzolanic reactive SiO2 and Al2O3 after thermal treatment and the amount of Ca(OH)2 consumed in the pozzolanic reaction were measured. It should be noted that a higher activation temperature improves the reactivity of attapulgite and sepiolite. The upper limit for the increase in the pozzolanic reactivity of these materials is the formation of enstatite and the deactivation of silica. In addition to reactive decomposition products, series of minerals formed in the reactions of attapulgite and sepiolite with impurities present in them are also observed.
Denoising approach with deep learning-based reconstruction for neuromelanin-sensitive MRI: image quality and diagnostic performance
Authors: Oshima Sonoko , Fushimi Yasutaka , Miyake Kanae Kawai , Nakajima Satoshi , Sakata Akihiko , Okuchi Sachi , Hinoda Takuya , Otani Sayo , Numamoto Hitomi , Fujimoto Koji , Shima Atsushi , Nambu Masahito , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Takahashi Ryosuke , Ueno Kentaro , Saga Tsuneo , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) has proven useful for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease (PD) by showing reduced signals in the substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC), but requires a long scan time. The aim of this study was to assess the image quality and diagnostic performance of NM-MRI with a shortened scan time using a denoising approach with deep learning-based reconstruction (dDLR).

Materials and methods
We enrolled 22 healthy volunteers, 22 non-PD patients and 22 patients with PD who underwent NM-MRI, and performed manual ROI-based analysis. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in ten healthy volunteers were compared among images with a number of excitations (NEX) of 1 (NEX1), NEX1 images with dDLR (NEX1 + dDLR) and 5-NEX images (NEX5). Acquisition times for NEX1 and NEX5 were 3 min 12 s and 15 min 58 s, respectively. Diagnostic performances using the contrast ratio (CR) of the SN (CR_SN) and LC (CR_LC) and those by visual assessment for differentiating PD from non-PD were also compared between NEX1 and NEX1 + dDLR.

Results
Image quality analyses revealed that SNRs and CNRs of the SN and LC in NEX1 + dDLR were significantly higher than in NEX1, and comparable to those in NEX5. In diagnostic performance analysis, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using CR_SN and CR_LC of NEX1 + dDLR were 0.87 and 0.75, respectively, which had no significant difference with those of NEX1. Visual assessment showed improvement of diagnostic performance by applying dDLR.

Conclusion
Image quality for NEX1 + dDLR was comparable to that of NEX5. dDLR has the potential to reduce scan time of NM-MRI without degrading image quality. Both 1-NEX NM-MRI with and without dDLR showed high AUCs for diagnosing PD by CR. The results of visual assessment suggest advantages of dDLR. Further tuning of dDLR would be expected to provide clinical merits in diagnosing PD.