bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a new spatially explicit process-based model (HETEROFOR) to simulate structurally and compositionally complex forest stands in eastern North America
Authors: Guignabert Arthur , Ponette Quentin , André Frédéric , Messier Christian , Nolet Philippe , Jonard Mathieu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Process-based forest growth models with spatially explicit representation
are relevant tools to investigate innovative silviculture practices and/or
climate change effects because they are based on key ecophysiological
processes and account for the effects of local competition for resources on
tree growth. Such models are rare and are often calibrated for a very limited
number of species and rarely for mixed and/or uneven-aged stands, and none
are suitable for the temperate forests of Québec. The aim of this study
was to calibrate and evaluate HETEROFOR (HETEROgeneous FORest), a process-based and spatially
explicit model based on resource sharing, for 23 functionally diverse tree
species in forest stands with contrasting species compositions and
environmental conditions in southern Quebec. Using data from the forest
inventory of Quebec, we evaluated the ability of HETEROFOR to predict
the short-term growth (5–16 years) of these species at the tree and stand
levels and the long-term dynamics (120 years) of red and sugar maple
stands. The comparison between the prediction quality of the calibration
and evaluation datasets showed the robustness of the model performance in
predicting individual-tree growth. The model reproduced correctly the individual
basal area increment (BAI) of the validation dataset, with a mean Pearson's
correlation coefficient of 0.56 and a mean bias of 18 %. Our results also highlighted that considering tree position is of importance for predicting individual-tree growth most accurately in complex stands with both vertically and horizontally heterogeneous structures. The model also showed a good ability
to reproduce BAI at the stand level, both for monospecific (bias of
−3.7 %; Pearson's r=0.55) and multi-species stands (bias of −9.1 %;
Pearson's r=0.62). Long-term simulations of red maple and sugar maple
showed that HETEROFOR was able to accurately predict the growth (basal area
and height) and mortality processes from the seedling stage to the mature
stand. Our results suggest that HETEROFOR is a reliable option to simulate
forest growth in southern Quebec and to test new forestry practices under
future climate scenarios.
Nowe aspekty spektroskopii papieru w podczerwieni i obszarze teraherców
Authors: Witowski Andrzej M. , Sawicka Martyna , Girdwoyń Piotr A. , Tomaszewski Tadeusz J. 
Published: March 2023

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów transmisji i odbicia w zakresie widmowym podczerwieni i teraherców dla papierów wyprodukowanych pod koniec XX i na początku XXI wieku. Współczesne spektrometry fourierowskie pozwalają na wiarygodne pomiary współczynnika transmisji poniżej 0,01, a więc typowego dla papieru. Badania wykazały wpływ dokonywanych w latach 90. ubiegłego wieku zmian materiałów wykorzystywanych w produkcji papieru na wygląd widma. Daje to możliwość określenia granicy wieku badanego papieru. Często taka informacja jest wystarczająca dla celów dowodowych. Kilka „nowych” pasm absorpcyjnych występujących w obszarze teraherców może maskować pasma występujące np. dla materiałów wybuchowych, co utrudnia spektroskopowe wyszukiwanie takich materiałów w opakowaniach papierowych.
Problems of achieving legal efficiency in the consideration of class actions
Authors: Trezubov E. S. , Zvyagina N. S. 
Published: March 2023

The paper examines the procedure for considering a class action in the Russian civil procedure in order to identify obstacles to the effective application of this institution. In developed foreign legal orders, group proceedings are a popular socially significant jurisdictional procedure for considering a large number of the same type of requirements, which allows optimizing the burden on the judicial system, ensuring the achievement of legal certainty and the effectiveness of judicial protection. As a result of the reform of group production, an institution sui generis appeared, which differs in many respects from foreign analogues. Given that group proceedings in Russia are still not in demand, the authors has identified obstacles to the intensification of this procedure, many of which indicate a superficial regulation of the procedural form.The study used comparative legal, formal logical and systemic structural methods, which made it possible to give a comprehensive assessment of the identified gaps in the legal regulation of group proceedings in Russian civil, commercial and administrative litigation. The first of the identified problems is related to the lack of regulatory rules for certification of a group of persons. To initiate proceedings on a class action, it is necessary to join a significant number of co-plaintiffs, whose claims are based on homogeneous legal and factual circumstances. However Russian procedural codes do not regulate the criteria by which certification of a group should be carried out, and also do not establish rules for accepting a court ruling on preparing a case for trial, allowing members to subsequently authorize. It is noted that for effective group proceedings it is necessary to issue an appropriate definition, which would define the criteria for the homogeneity of the grounds for claims and the method of protecting the violated right chosen by the applicant. The law should directly provide for the possibility of appealing against such a judicial act. Also, for the purposes of joining the requirements to protect the interests of a group of persons, it is proposed to publish a notice on the initiation of proceedings not only on the websites of the court and the defendant, but also in the official media.The problems of implementing the qualities of the legal force of a court decision on a class action, such as exclusivity and prejudice, are also identified, since the law allows challenging the circumstances established when considering a class action when considering a personal claim of a member of a class who has not joined a class action in the future.
Problems of calculation of the terms of appeals of decisions made in the order of summary proceedings
Authors: Galkovskaya N. G. 
Published: March 2023

The subject of the research is the features of the appeal of court decisions in cases considered in summary proceedings.The methodology. Analysis and synthesis, dialectical method as well as formal legal interpretation of Russian legislative acts.The main results. The author critically assesses the provisions of the procedural legislation, focuses on the problems that exist in practice. (1) There is a different procedure for notifying a decision adopted as a result of summary proceedings, according to the norms of the Civil Procedure Code and of the Arbitration Procedure Code. (2) It is concluded that the dependence of the beginning of the period for filing an application for drawing up a reasoned decision on the day of placement of the operative part of the decision or on the day of its adoption significantly complicates the timely implementation of such a right. A different construction will be justified and practically convenient: fixing in the law a single moment of the beginning of the period for an appeal against a decision - from the moment a copy of the operative part is delivered (irrespective of the application for drawing up a reasoned decision). (3) If the deadline for filing an application for the preparation of a reasoned decision is missed, the issue of its restoration should be resolved only if the deadline for filing an appeal has not been missed. If the deadline for filing an appeal is missed, then a reasoned decision on the case should be made only if the specified dead-line is restored.Recommendations are offered on the possible improvement of procedural rules on summary proceedings. In particular, the issue of increasing the period for applying for a reasoned decision was raised. It is proposed that the start time for filing an application for the preparation of a reasoned decision be determined from the day a copy of the decision is handed over to the persons participating in the case, or the decision is posted on the court's website.Conclusions. The identified problems call into question the merits of the summary procedure, show in practice its difficult and complicated order. The existing model of summary proceedings needs to be significantly detailed in order to increase the guarantees of judicial protection.
Child's legal personality: actualization of opportunities and their limitations
Authors: Tarusina N. N. , Koneva E. V. , Simonova S. V. 
Published: March 2023

The subject of this research is the concept of a child’s legal capacity in an interdisciplinary context and the validity of various approaches for determining the essence and scope of a child’s legal capacity in terms of Russian public and private legislation and to provide suggestions for improvement.Methodology: The authors’ general research methods for cognition are: analysis, synthesis, and abstraction. This research is also based on legal acts and judicial practice, as well as on the opinions of scientists.Results: On the one hand, differentiations in terms of the essence, structure and scope of a child’s legal capacity within the branches of Russian law are justified according to the specifics of their subject and methods of legal regulation. On the other hand, the differences in approaches presented in them, especially according to age criterion, are far from universally justified, and this is especially characteristic of the active component of legal personality – or legal capacity. Thus, 14 and 16 are the ages of legal capacity in terms of constitutional law; 6, 14 and 16 for civil law; 14, 15 and 16 for labour law; 15 for medical law; 10, 14, 15, 16 for family law; etc. The law on education does not indicate any age benchmarks, being oriented towards the school education periods. At the same time, the lower boundaries of ‘minimal legal capacity’ are established only for the sake of civil legal relations and administrative and criminal liability. In other cases, in the assessment of a child’s ability to make legally significant decisions, the law enforcement officer considers a child’s individual psychological characteristics. Typically this approach proves to be correct. Psychological data indicate the development of an acceptable level of cognitive ability by the age of 12; therefore, the formally enshrined concept of child consent to certain legally significant acts beginning at the age of 10 requires discussion and possible adjustment. The ages of 14 and 16 as starting points for basic elements of the legal capacity (legal personality) are reasonable and must be applied systematically; other intermediate solutions are not justified. In terms of a generally correct decision with regard to the moment when the age of legal capacity begins, it would be reasonable to correlate this with the protection of a child’s interests before his/her birth. There is no unified approach to understanding a child’s ability to perform legal duties: in civil law such ability is denied, while in other legal spheres it exists. As for family law, it should be assimilated into the general group. Conclusions: the concept of a child’s legal capacity requires systematization and enhancement as a prerequisite for a reasonable and justified arrangement of children's world – both within the family and in the public sphere.
Legal aspects of ways to monetize rights in the computer games industry
Authors: Andreev N. Yu. , Arkhipov V. V. , Vasiliev A. A. , Pechatnova Yu. V. 
Published: March 2023

The subject. The authors attempt a legal analysis of several forms of monetization of rights to computer games.The purpose of the article is the legal qualification of donations, crowdfunding, loot boxes as means of monetization.The research methodology includes general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as specific scientific methods of comparative law and formal legal analysis.The scientific problem of the article lies in the existing contradiction between the rapid development of the computer games market and the state of modern legal science in terms of scientific understanding and regulation of the entertainment industry.The main results, scope of application. There are two main forms of public funding in the gaming industry: (1) donations; (2) crowdfunding. Donations are more common for streamers, crowdfunding for computer developers. Donat is money sent without the condition of reciprocity. In recent years, crowdfunding has become a common way to attract investments. The purchase of a digital (or physical) copy of a game is the acquisition of the right to use (access) a computer game. Therefore, the funds we transfer are investments. We become beneficiaries of the published product. As a result, the developer will have to pay taxes on the funds raised. A loot box is a virtual item – a random set of additional features.The process of loot distribution is similar to a game of chance: players choose the level of need for a thing. Lootbox, despite the deceived expectations of the player, still brings some benefits to the player. In other words, the player pays a few dollars and expects to receive something of value in return, but the amount of winnings can be both large and small. In this regard, it seems that the loot box is a classic win-win lottery. Therefore, loot boxes should not be equated with gambling, otherwise the gaming industry could respond by referring to the need to include lotteries (and insurance) as gambling. At the same time, the similarity of several elements indicates that there is always a risk of turning a computer game into gambling.Conclusions. There are a number of ways to monetize the material incentives for players. These methods include donations, funds received in the course of crowdinvesting, as well as loot boxes. Donations are an intermediate phenomenon between donation and payment. For individuals, income from donations will not be taxed if there is no consideration. Also, sometimes donations should be understood as funds from crowdinvestments, which developers sometimes collect to create the next game. These funds, in most cases, should still be treated as developer income, not donations. The boundary between the payment of in-game property and gambling is the phenomenon of loot boxes, which should be qualified as a win-win lottery.
O cuidado com a escrita e a leitura para uma educação filosófica na escola
Authors: Schuler Betina 
Published: March 2023

Este ensaio teórico problematiza as relações entre a verdade e a subjetivação a partir de Sêneca e Foucault, com foco nas práticas de leitura e escrita na escola. Com inspiração na genealogia da subjetivação, entende-se que não se trata apenas de relações de conhece-te a ti mesmo, cuida-te de ti mesmo ou domina-te a ti mesmo. Vivemos um importante deslocamento nas práticas de si, podendo-se nomeá-las como desempenha-te a ti mesmo na stultitia contemporânea que vivenciamos, em que o conhecimento se reduz a objeto de troca e a uma pobreza narrativa. Para tal problematização, toma-se a potência de uma educação filosófica na escola por meio de práticas de leitura e escrita como resistência a um presente neoliberal e neoconservador que limita tais práticas a um pragmatismo instrumental e a índices de avaliação.
On adequate zones of true intraocular pressure in healthy and glaucoma eyes
Authors: Svetlova O. V. , Koshits I. N. , Pankratov R. M. , Makarovskaya O. V. , Zaseeva M. V. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE. The study was conducted to reveal using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) the possible ranges of mean values of the “rigidity” and “fluctuation” criteria for fibrous membrane of healthy and glaucoma eyes with consideration of the age periods according to the classification by WHO, and to identify adequate true intraocular pressure (IOP) zones corresponding to these ranges.METHODS. The study consisted of a theoretical analysis of clinical measurements of rigidity and fluctuation of the fibrous membrane, the current level of true IOP and the individual level of IOP calculated in youth using ORA by the method of dynamic diagnosis of Koshitsa-Svetlova, and involved in total 674 healthy and 518 glaucoma eyes from individuals aged 18 to 90 years, who were distributed by age periods according to WHO.RESULTS. A "step pattern" of the distribution of Average values of rigidity and fluctuation in healthy and glaucoma eyes were distributed in a “step pattern”, which made it possible to rank the IOP zones adequately to these steps, taking into account the age periods according to WHO. The following adequate ranges of IOP levels for healthy and glaucoma eyes were identified: low IOP zone (up to 13 mm Hg); medium IOP zone (14–20 mm Hg); elevated IOP zone (21–26 mm Hg); high IOP zone (27–32 mm Hg); IOP subcompensation zone (33–39 mm Hg) and uncompensated IOP zone (≥40 mm Hg). The "steps" of the average values of rigidity, fluctuations, and the IOP ranges adequate to them do not intersect. The current value of the rigidity of the fibrous membrane and the IOP value calculated in youth make it possible to reliably attribute each healthy or glaucoma eye to its individual IOP zone.CONCLUSION. Rigidity of the fibrous membrane consistently determines the level of IOP (p>0.001), while the rigidity and fluctuation of the sclera directly influence its current level. The fundamental criteria — rigidity and fluctuation of the fibrous membrane of the eye — do not depend on the central corneal thickness and objectively determine the current functional state of the fibrous membrane. The ability to objectively and reliably determine whether a healthy or glaucoma eye belongs to its individual IOP zone is particularly important for the polyclinic network. The time such express diagnostics takes is 0.02 seconds.
Changes in target IOP values in glaucoma patients depending on the number of surgical interventions they underwent
Authors: Kats M. D. , Kuroyedov A. V. , Arkharov M. A. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE. To determine the optimal intraocular pressure (IOP) values that contribute to stabilization of the course of the disease in patients with different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) before and after surgery, depending on the current state of ocular biomechanical parameters.METHODS. This analytical descriptive scientific-clinical study analyzes the results of diagnostic studies conducted in the period from 2019 to 2022. The final protocol included 137 patients (209 eyes) with different stages of POAG. Two groups of patients were identified: the main group (105 patients, 156 eyes) with POAG, and the control group (32 patients, 53 eyes) — healthy individuals and patients with an established diagnosis of cataract. All patients underwent a thorough ophthalmological examination, including routine as well as special methods such as ophthalmotonometry in six different ways, bi-directional pneumatic applanation of the cornea, measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT). Additional decrease of the IOP level depending on the characteristics of the fibrous membrane of the eye was calculated using a simple regression followed by an assessment of the quality of the constructed model according to the calculated coefficients of determination (r2).RESULTS. The IOP values and biomechanical parameters of the fibrous membrane of the eye were analyzed depending on the stage of glaucoma process and the absence or presence of a history of surgical interventions for glaucoma in patient’s anamnesis. Significant differences in the viscoelastic parameters of the fibrous membrane of the eye were revealed between patients who had not undergone surgical treatment and those who had undergone one or two surgeries. Algorithms were developed to determine specific correction coefficients in order to correctly interpret the results of tonometry, taking into account the biomechanical characteristics of the membranes of the eye, and differences in target IOP were determined for groups of patients with different stages of POAG before and after surgical treatment.CONCLUSION. The results of this study demonstrate that the changing characteristics of the fibrous membrane of the eye in patients with glaucoma associated with previous surgical treatment can significantly distort the interpretation of data obtained using the basic ophthalmic tonometry. The study also shows that when choosing a «safe» range of IOP levels in patients with POAG, it is necessary to take into account patient’s history of penetrating surgical interventions. Thus, in single-operated patients, an additional decrease in IOP is required, on average by 1.7 mm Hg, while in repeatedly operated patients — by almost 3 mm Hg.
Serviço de atendimento ao acidentado por material biológico na Odontologia
Authors: GALARÇA ANA MARIA , Beltrame Sarah Porciúncula , Das Chagas Douglas Bento , Da Silva Priscilla Dos Santos 
Published: March 2023

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência da realização de atendimentos prestados por um programa de extensão, tendo como foco a o atendimento de ocorrências dos acidentes ocupacionais ocorridos na Faculdade de Odontologia/UFPEL. Métodos: Os dados obtidos a partir dos casos atendidos no programa, tem resultado na realização de um estudo descritivo na modalidade de relato de experiência, a partir da vivência de uma equipe que presta serviço e atendimento a profissionais e discentes da Faculdade de Odontologia (FO) que possam ser acometidos por acidente com material biológico potencialmente contaminado. Resultados: Foram registrados 17 acidentes perfurocortantes, todos envolvendo acadêmicos que usavam EPIs, dos quais, a maior parte atuando nas disciplinas dos semestres finais, clínica 1, Cirurgia e PA, sendo que 14 destas exposições ocorreram durante o atendimento, três na lavagem de instrumentais e uma ao secar os mesmos. O objeto de maior prevalência foi a seringa carpule e três testes resultaram em reagente ao vírus da hepatite C (HCV) para os pacientes. Em apenas dois casos, o aluno foi encaminhado para administração de profilaxia pós exposição (PEP), um por não se obter acesso ao paciente fonte para realização da testagem rápida (segundo protocolo institucional), e outro por confirmação do paciente de estar em tratamento para HIV/Aids porém, os dezessete acidentados obtiveram resultados não reagentes para HIV e hepatites B e C. Conclusões: Portanto, as ações do programa de extensão têm cumprido seu papel preenchendo uma lacuna importante, observada no âmbito da unidade a fim de contribuir de forma permanente e transformar as práticas profissionais.