bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JS-ISH-ESH-1: DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES THAT INCREASE BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Khan Nadia A 
Published: January 2023

The use of herbal medications and substances that have been touted to raise BP is increasing globally with estimates for example 6 to 48 percent of persons use herbal therapies in Europe. Other medications such as NSAIDs are among the most widely used treatments globally. Several of such medications and substances may raise blood pressure or antagonize the BP lowering effects of antihypertensive therapy in individuals. The individual effect of these substances on blood pressure can be highly variable with greater increases noted in the elderly, those with higher baseline blood pressure, use of antihypertensive therapy, and co-existing renal disease. In this discussion, we will review the evidence for the most commonly implicated substances that have been considered to raise blood pressure including NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and antidepressants. We will also review the evidence for herbal therapies that may raise BP. Coxibs are associated with a 3.9 mm Hg mean increase in SBP and nonselective NSAIDs 2.8 mm Hg compared with placebo. In meta-analyses, aspirin was not associated with a significant blood pressure increase. High regular acetaminophen dosing is associated with an increased risk of new onset hypertension. Oral contraceptives were associated with new onset hypertension in approximately 5 percent of users of high dose compounds that contain at least 50 mg estrogen but these high estrogen doses are not commonly used in current formulations. SNRI antidepressants were found to have a small increase in systolic blood pressure relative to SSRI antidepressants 1.5 mmHg. Patients prescribed SSRIs showed no significant differences in blood pressure changes compared with placebo. Despite their widespread use, there are few studies on the effects of herbal substances on blood pressure apart from licorice and ephedra or ma huang. Licorice contains glycyrrhizic acid that acts as an 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitor causing pseudohyperaldosteronism. Given the widespread use of these medications and substances, physicians will have to screen for these medications and substances when assessing patients at risk for and with hypertension.
JS-ISH-ESH-2: NOISE POLLUTION AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Wojciechowska Wiktoria 
Published: January 2023

Environmental noise significantly impacts human health and well-being. It is a widespread problem in Europe, where at least one in five people are exposed to harmful levels of noise.
Hearing loss is the most known health effect related to noise exposure. There is, however, growing data that links noise exposure to hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. According to some theories, this relationship may be explained by the indirect pathway of noise exposure, which can cause sympathetic and endocrine activation, as well as several cognitive and emotional responses, including annoyance. Noise exposure leads to stress reactions independent of cognitive involvement. There is a possibility that noise exerts its effects directly through synaptic interactions, as well as through cognitive and emotional effects.
Epidemiological studies indicate that nocturnal noise exposure has more profound health consequences. Nighttime noise exposure is associated with an increase in heart rate due to sympathetic activation or parasympathetic withdrawal, and with an increase in blood pressure as well as endothelial dysfunction.
Hypertension is a common condition and is an important risk indicator for other cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies showed an association between noise exposure, blood pressure and arterial hypertension. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies found an increase of hypertension prevalence per 10 dB increase in daytime average road traffic noise level. There is, however, some heterogeneity among these studies. Prospective studies have also found an association between aircraft noise exposure and hypertension, supporting the cross-sectional findings. The analyses, of data from the large Hypertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports (HYENA) study, showed that an increase in nocturnal aircraft noise exposure per 10 dB was associated with an increased incidence of hypertension. The meaningful effect of night-time aircraft noise on arterial hypertension was also observed in the prospective observation of the subset of individuals from that study. In a longitudinal observation of 420 participants, higher aircraft noise exposure during the night significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension.
Previous cross-sectional case-control study conducted in 2015, in 2 suburban areas of Krakow, Poland, revealed an increase in blood pressure and arterial stiffness as determined by carotid - femoral pulse wave velocity in individuals exposed to increased aircraft noise levels. However, even short-term noise reduction, as experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown, may reverse those unfavorable effects. As a result of these observations, noise mitigation strategies are important for cardiovascular health.
JS-NG-6: FRESH START: A LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION APPROACH IN REVERSING HYPERTENSION
Authors: Botabara Mary Jane Bercasio , Fernan Bysshe Mallorca , Racca Abraham Peralta 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Approximately 1.13 billion people worldwide are hypertensives, and they are mostly living in low- and middle-income countries. In the Philippines, one in five Filipinos are hypertensive and less than 20% of these hypertensives have controlled blood pressure of less than 140mmHg/90mmHg. Lifestyle intervention approaches in the primary level of prevention are not common. This study determined the effect of an eight-week, pure lifestyle intervention approach with the use of proper nutrition, physical activity, stress management, among others, in the blood pressure of hypertensive adults living in a rural community setting.

Design and method:
There were two phases of the study. The first phase was a needs assessment survey among 58 respondents to determine knowledge, attitude, preventive practices regarding hypertension and risks of high blood pressure. The second phase was an intervention program among those who qualified through purposive sampling with the following criteria: 1. Diagnosed as Stage 1 Hypertension according to the 2017 guideline, 2. willing to participate. A module entitled Fresh Start was created and was used as a guide in conducting the lifestyle intervention which lasted for eight weeks.

Results:
We utilized descriptive and repeated measures (week 1, 4 and 8, respectively) to analyse the result; 72% have good knowledge, good attitude (mean-3.47) and good hypertensive practices practice (3.44). Via Friedman test, there was a significant difference in systolic pressure across the given three periods of time, p < 0.001. Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed a significance level, p < 0.025. There is a significant difference from week 1 to week 4 (Z = -2.085, p = 0.005) and a significant difference from week 4 to week 8 (Z = -2.549, p = 0.001). Further, there was a statistically significant difference in diastolic pressure across the given three periods of time, p = 0.002. Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests resulted in a significance level set at p < 0.025. There is no significant difference from week 1 to week 4 (Z = -2.018, p = 0.044) but there is a significant difference from week 4 to week 8 (Z = -2.521, p = 0.012).

Conclusion:
This study revealed that lifestyle intervention approach to decrease blood pressure in a community setting is possible. As incidence of high blood pressure increase, especially among the poor socio-economic status spectrum, there is a need of new preventive measures that will address such needs.
JS-HR-4: PREECLAMPSIA UP TO DATE; WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW FOR MOTHER AND CHILD.
Authors: Bokuda Kanako , Ichihara Atsuhiro 
Published: January 2023

Preeclampsia (PE) is a systemic hypertensive disorder of pregnancy thought to arise from placental maladaptation and subsequent systemic inflammatory processes. PE is associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy accounting for -14% of maternal deaths globally and also with increased maternal risks for chronic diseases in later life.
In 2017, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension treatment guidelines identified hypertension as blood pressure (BP) 130/80 mmHg. The reference BP for hypertension during pregnancy as specified in international guidelines is still > 140/90 mmHg. Also, recommended target BP level differs between these guidelines. A large number of studies have been examining the incidence of PE and fetal outcomes according to BP levels to figure out the optimal level for pregnant women. Given only termination of pregnancy has been proved to initiate the resolution of PE once it has developed, prevention of PE is a health care priority. However, the predictive value of BP and other clinical characteristics for PE is relatively low, and therefore, improved method for the prediction of PE and associated adverse outcomes is required. Past history of PE is now widely known to link with major chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease in later life. Since many cardiovascular risk factors are modifiable and related to lifestyle, all women with prior PE should be followed-up by physician even after resolution of PE (eg. hypertension, proteinuria). However, no long-term follow-up strategy for former-PE patient has yet been established.
The 2019 Maternal Mortality update from the WHO report indicated the major contribution of PE and eclampsia to worldwide maternal deaths. Further investigation is needed to decrease PE related maternal and fetal deaths and also to reduce maternal risks for chronic diseases in later life. Participation of physicians is necessary to offer appropriate medical care to women with prior PE.
JS-HR-12: BASIC RESEARCH: ELUCIDATION OF “MOSAIC” PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Shinohara Keisuke 
Published: January 2023

Basic research plays critical roles in elucidating the “mosaic” pathogenesis of hypertension and developing its treatment.
In the field of brain and autonomic nervous system, Chen et al. demonstrated that mild cold exposure elicits autonomic dysregulation, such as increased sympathetic activity and decreased baroreflex sensitivity, and poor sleep quality, causing blood pressure (BP) elevation in normotensive rats. This finding may have critical implications for the cardiovascular event occurrence with low ambient temperature. Domingos-Souza et al. showed that the ability of baroreflex activation to modulate hemodynamics and induce lasting vascular adaptation is critically dependent on the electrical parameters and duration of carotid sinus stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), proposing a rationale for improving baroreflex activation therapy in humans.
In the kidney, Kasacka et al. showed that activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is increased in SHRs and 2K1C hypertensive rats, while it is inhibited in DOCA-salt rats. Intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in BP regulation. In renal damage with an impaired glomerular filtration barrier, liver-derived angiotensinogen filtered through damaged glomeruli regulates intrarenal RAS activity. Matsuyama et al. further showed that the glomerular filtration of liver-derived angiotensinogen depending on glomerular capillary pressure causes circadian rhythm of the intrarenal RAS. Otsuki et al. revealed that TWIST1, a transcription factor regulating mesodermal embryogenesis, transcriptionally upregulates complement 3, which has been demonstrated to activate intrarenal RAS, in the glomerular mesangial cells from SHRs.
The RAS in the vascular system also contributes to BP regulation. Soring nexins (SNXs) are cellular sorting proteins and can regulate the expression and function of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Liu C et al. demonstrated that SNX1 knockout mice exhibit hypertension through vasoconstriction mediated by increased expression of GPCR AT1R within the arteries. Liu X et al. found that sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) expression is downregulated in the aortae of aged rats and showed that SIRT6 knockdown enhances angiotensin II-induced vascular adventitial aging by activating NF-κB pathway in vitro studies.
The studies investigating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and gut microbiota have been increased. Ochiai-Homma et al. showed that pendrin in urinary EVs can be a useful biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism. Wu et al. demonstrated that captopril has the potential to rebalance the dysbiotic gut microbiota of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
Several reports indicate the potential treatment for hypertension and the associated organ damages: rivaroxaban in cardiac hypertrophy; nebivolol, maximakinin, and Pinggan-Qianyang in hypertension; and melatonin and crocin in gestational hypertension.
RAG-AMERICAS-1: CLINICAL RESEARCH IN LATIN AMERICA: FROM SPONSORED TO INVESTIGATOR INITIATED RESEARCH
Authors: Piskorz Daniel Leonardo 
Published: January 2023

Latin American clinical researchers had participated in many controlled clinical trials in the 80 s and 90 s sponsored initiated that confirmed the place of calcium channel blockers and RAS blockade in hypertension treatment. Later, non-inferiority or superiority trials like ONTARGET, Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial and VALUE, Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation were performed worldwide including Latin-American countries. In the last decade, the absence of new drugs in the pipeline and sponsors portfolios at one side, and the recommendation of fixed-dose combination as initial treatment tool at the other could be supposed as main causes of a dramatic reduction in sponsored hypertension research.
At the same time, a huge increase in investigator initiated research was observed. Scientific national and regional societies in many cases fueled this increase. In this scenario, the Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America, CARMELA study was the first large-scale population-based study that assessed cardiovascular risk factor prevalence in 7 Latin American cities and its relationship to hypertension mediated organ damage. CARMELA is an example of an epidemiological study investigator initiated supported by a sponsor in Latin America
The FOCUS study, Fixed-Dose Combination Drug for Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention was another example of an investigator initiated research supported by a private company. FOCUS was funded by the 7th Framework Programme European Commission Consortium with the participation of the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC Madrid, Spain, World Heart Federation, Federación Argentina de Cardiología, and some European research organizations, supported by FERRER Internacional. FOCUS help to understand the reasons of treatment non-adherence in Latin American countries and also to recognize the potential benefits of fixed-dose combinations in secondary prevention.
More recently, the Interamerican Society of Cardiology SIAC developed the CorCOVID Latam study which aim was to study changes in lifestyle habits, treatment adherence, and mental health status in patients with cardiometabolic disease, but no clinical evidence of COVID-19 during the pandemic. This study is a good example of the feasibility of non-sponsored research in Latam supported by a regional scientific society structure and members. Five publications related to gender differences in the impact of the pandemic in Latam, Influenza and Pneumococcal vaccination during the pandemic, and the psychological impact in more than 4 thousand patients were the fruit of this society research initiative.
RAG-SACA-4: A FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY OF THE MMM CAMPAIGN IN NEPAL
Authors: Neupane Dinesh 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To share the implementing experience of the May Measure (MMM) campaign in Nepal.

Design and Methods:
Nepal has been a part of the MMM initiative since its inception. NeDS Nepal, a not-fort profit NGO was responsible for the overall coordination of the campaign. We trained and mobilized community health workers and health science students as volunteers. Although MMM was not executed globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, it was conducted in Nepal by following safety measures.

Results:
The volunteers set up screening sites in supermarkets, temples, colleges, grocery stores, primary health care clinics, banks, government offices, and meeting halls. Some of the volunteers also did house-to-house visits. Between 2017–2021, we screened over 130,000 participants. We identified > 30,000 high blood pressure participants, provided lifestyle counseling, and referred them to the health facility for further diagnosis and treatment. Out of them, ∼18000 were newly identified hypertension.

Conclusions:
Opportunistic screening like MMM is feasible and needed in the context of Nepal. This could potentially be embedded in the national screening program. It is also important to have a strategy for linking the patients with the health system for further diagnosis and treatment.
RAG-SACA-5: HEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING ACTIVITIES FOR BETTER HYPERTENSION CARE
Authors: Jose Arun Pulikkottil 
Published: January 2023

Raised systolic BP was responsible for 10·4 million deaths and 218 million disability adjusted life years across the globe in 2017. A disease that largely affected high-income countries in the past, has now been shown to affect low-income and middle-income countries disproportionately.
Weak health infrastructure, poor access, high illiteracy rates, poverty, high costs of drugs, bad dietary habits and skewed national health priorities have been found to contribute to the poor performance of these countries in the hypertension care cascade. While there are several effective targeted as well as population-level interventions available to choose from, most countries have failed to integrate them effectively into their hypertension control strategies. Health system-strengthening activities such as capacity building, task shifting and appropriate use of digital health technologies can help bridge some of these gaps.
Certificate Course in Management of Hypertension (CCMH) is a joint certification program designed and implemented by the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI) in collaboration with the British & Irish Hypertension Society (BIHS), the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC). CCMH is an ten month course with once- a- month contact sessions, being conducted on a designated weekend at regional training centres across India. It is fundamental objective is to enhance the knowledge, skills and core competencies of practicing PCPs in the management of Hypertension and to build their network with other PCPs and existing specialists. A total of over 2000 primary care physicians have been trained in the initiative so far. The course is being adapted in collaboration with the American Heart Association for online education of prescribers as well as non-prescribers. In addition, PHFI has also instituted an innovative assisted telemedicine healthcare delivery model - Digisahayam - which acts as an inter-operable system setting up multiple innovations in digital health technology on a single platform. It works on the model of task sharing and task shifting while embedding electronic health records (EHR), point-of-care diagnostics (13 common lab tests including ECG), in-built clinical decision support system and numerous state-of-the-art digital health technologies. Approximately 16,000 teleconsultations have been conducted in three clinics in India over the span of 18 months.
PS-B02-1: UPREGULATION OF KEY GENES ELN AND TGFB3 WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Xuan , Chen Xi , Hao Chunshu , Ji Zhenjun , Zuo Pengfei , Yang Mingming , Ma Genshan , Li Yongjun 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Hypertension induced cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common pre-diseases of heart failure. This study aimed to identify the key pathogenic genes in the process of disease.

Methods:
GSE18224 was re-analyzed and obtained the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were carried out. Networks of transcription factor (TF)-mRNA, microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA and Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) were constructed, and key module was further screened out from PPI network. GSE36074 dataset and our constructed transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model were both used for validating expression of genes in the module. Finally, the correlation between the genes and biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy were evaluated.

Results:
Totally, there were 348 DEGs in GSE18224, which were mainly enriched in biological process including collagen fibril organization, cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus and were involved in ECM-receptor interaction and Oxytocin signaling pathway, etc. There were 387 miRNAs targeted to 257 DEGs, while 177 TFs targeted to 71 DEGs. The PPI network contains 222 nodes and 770 edges, and 18 genes were screened out in the module. After validation, eight genes, which were also significantly upregulated in GSE36074, were selected out from the 18 DEGs. Two of the eight DEGs including Eln and Tgfb3 were also significantly upregulated in our mouse model of myocardial hypertrophy. Finally, the expression of Eln and Tgfb3 were both positively correlated with level of the disease biomarkers.

Conclusion:
Upregulated key genes Eln and Tgfb3 were positively correlated with the severity of cardiac hypertrophy, which will provide potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
PS-B02-7: THE LONG NON-CODING RNA CAREN IMPROVES CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN AGED MICE
Authors: Sato Michio , Miyata Keishi , Kadomatsu Tsuyoshi , Node Koichi , Oike Yuichi 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Heart failure (HF) is the predominant cause of hospitalization and amongst the leading causes of death in developed countries. Especially, the prevalence of HFpEF is increasing and its prognosis is not improving. Our understanding of HFpEF pathophysiology is incomplete and optimal treatment remains uncertain. Under such circumstance, recently, it has been reported that some lncRNAs expressed in heart play important roles in cardiac development and disease.

Methods and Results:
Using a gene trapping approach in mouse embryonic stem cells, we identified Caren (for cardiomyocyte-enriched noncoding transcript), a cytoplasmic lncRNA abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes. Caren overexpression in cardiomyocytes activated mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating of Tfam protein and attenuated TAC-induced activation of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), a key regulator of DNA Damage Response (DDR). Moreover, TAC operated mice treated with AAV6-Caren relieved reduction of fractional shortening (%FS) and improved dilatation of left ventricular. Next, proteomics analysis revealed that Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein1 (Hint1) which activates the ATM-DDR pathway was reduced in Caren transgenic mice. Moreover, 24-month-old WT mice treated with AAV6-Caren diminished systolic and dilatation capacity were improved. And electron microscopy analysis revealed that mitochondrial cristae were restored and the numbers of mitochondria were increased in the heart of 24-month-old WT mice treated with AAV6-Caren compared with the mice treated with AAV6-GFP as control.

Conclusion:
A cytoplasmic lncRNA Caren improves not only systolic function but also diastolic function in failing / aged heart by suppressing the ATM-DDR pathway and activating mitochondrial bioenergetics.