bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the proton range uncertainty with spectral CT‐based virtual monoenergetic images
Authors: Zhu Libing , Du Yi , Peng Yahui , Xiang Xincheng , Wang Xiangang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe stopping power ratio (SPR) prediction error will contribute to the range uncertainty of proton therapy. Spectral CT is promising in reducing the uncertainty in SPR estimation. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal energy pairs of SPR prediction for each tissue and to evaluate the dose distribution and range difference between the spectral CT with the optimal energy pairs method and the single energy CT (SECT) method.MethodsA new method was proposed based on image segmentation to calculate the proton dose with spectral CT images for the head and body phantom. CT number of each organ region were converted to SPR with the optimal energy pairs of each organ. The CT images were segmented into different organ parts with thresholding method. Virtual monoenergetic (VM) images from 70 keV to 140 keV were investigated to determine the optimal energy pairs for each organ based on Gammex 1467 phantom. The beam data of Shanghai Advanced Proton Therapy facility (SAPT) was employed in matRad (an open‐source software for radiation treatment planning) for the dose calculation.ResultsThe optimal energy pairs were obtained for each tissue. The dose distribution of two tumor sites (brain and lung) were calculated with the aforementioned optimal energy pairs. The maximum dose deviation between spectral CT and SECT at the target region was 2.57% and 0.84% for the lung tumor and brain tumor respectively. The range difference between spectral and SECT was significant with 1.8411 mm for the lung tumor. γ passing rate was 85.95% and 95.49% for the lung tumor and brain tumor with the criterion 2%/2 mm.ConclusionsThis work presents a way to determine the optimal energy pairs for each organ and to calculate the dose distribution based on the more accurate SPR prediction.
Clinical Benefit of Mepolizumab in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis for Patients With and Without a Vasculitic Phenotype
Authors: Terrier Benjamin , Jayne David R.W. , Hellmich Bernhard , Bentley Jane H. , Steinfeld Jonathan , Yancey Steven W. , Kwon Namhee , Akuthota Praveen , Khoury Paneez , Baylis Lee , Wechsler Michael E. ,   the EGPA mepolizumab study team
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate mepolizumab's efficacy in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) with and without a vasculitic phenotype.MethodsThe MIRRA study (NCT02020889/GSK ID: 115921) included adults with relapsing/refractory EGPA and 4 or more weeks of stable oral glucocorticoids (OG). Patients received mepolizumab (300 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks) or placebo, plus standard of care for 52 weeks. This post hoc analysis assessed EGPA vasculitic phenotype using antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) history, baseline Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), and Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) score. Coprimary endpoints included accrued remission over 52 weeks and proportion in remission at Week 36 and Week 48. Remission was defined as a BVAS equal to 0 and an OG dose of 4 or less mg/day of a prednisone equivalent. Types of relapses (vasculitis, asthma, and sino‐nasal) and EGPA vasculitic characteristics (by study remission status) were also assessed.ResultsA total of 136 patients were included (n = 68, mepolizumab and placebo). Irrespective of history of ANCA positivity status, baseline BVAS, or baseline VDI, the accrued remission duration and the proportion of patients in remission at Weeks 36 and 48 were greater with mepolizumab compared with placebo. With mepolizumab, remission at both Week 36 and Week 48 was achieved by 54% of patients with and 27% of patients without a history of ANCA positivity compared with 0% and 4%, respectively (placebo); 45% of patients with a BVAS of 0 and 22% of patients with BVAS of greater than 0 compared with 5% and 2%, respectively (placebo); and 29% of patients with a VDI score of less than 5 and 37% of patients with a VDI score of 5 or more compared with 6% and 0%, respectively (placebo). Mepolizumab reduced all types of relapses as compared with placebo. Baseline vasculitic characteristics (neuropathy, glomerulonephritis, alveolar hemorrhage, palpable purpura, and ANCA positivity) were generally similar among patients with and without remission.ConclusionMepolizumab is associated with clinical benefits for patients with and without a vasculitic EGPA phenotype.
COVID‐19 Hospitalization Outcomes Among Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases in the United States
Authors: Khalaf Ahmad , Ibrahim Garad , Goble Spencer , Kuijpers Marcela , Nasr Rawad 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the outcomes of COVID‐19‐related hospitalizations among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) in the United States in 2020. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included intubation rate, length of hospital stay (LOS), and total hospital charges (THCs).MethodsData for the study were obtained from the National Inpatient Sample database and included patients who were hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of COVID‐19. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate odds ratios for the outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities.ResultsOut of the 1,050,720 COVID‐19 admissions, 30,775 had an ARD diagnosis. The unadjusted analysis showed higher mortality (12.21%) and intubation (9.2%) rates in the ARD group compared with the non‐ARD group (mortality rate: 11.14%, P = 0.013; intubation rate: 8.5%, P = 0.048). However, this difference was not significant after adjusting for confounding factors. The mean LOS and THCs did not differ significantly between the two groups. Among all ARD subgroups, the vasculitis group had significantly higher intubation rate, LOS, and THC.ConclusionThe study suggests that ARD is not associated with an increased risk of mortality or worse outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 after adjusting for confounding factors. However, the vasculitis group had poorer outcomes during COVID‐19 hospitalizations. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of ARD activity and immunosuppressants on outcomes. Additionally, more research is required to investigate the relationship between COVID‐19 and vasculitis.
Dual Functional Titanium Hydride Particles for Anti‐Ultraviolet and Anti‐Oxidant Applications
Authors: Gao Wenqin , Wang Zhaolei , Tan Guoying , Liu Wei , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Tang Ying , Kuang Yun , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTiO2 is a typical anti‐ultraviolet agent in sunscreen cream, but it suffers from a lack of anti‐oxidant activity for scavenging reactive oxygen species. Other traditional sunscreen ingredients, such as C60 and ferulic acid, have moderate antioxidant and UV protection capabilities, and the products do not provide further UV protection. Herein, titanium hydride (TiH1.97) particles with dual functions of anti‐oxidant and anti‐ultraviolet are presented as an active material to remove the highly oxidizing and harmful hydroxide free radicals from the skin surface. Owing to the active hydrogen in TiH2, it shows great potential to eliminate hydroxyl radicals, and the rate is roughly proportional to the exposed surface area (50% /20 min). Together with the biocompatibility of the in situ formed TiO2, which has a strong ability to absorb ultraviolet light during OH radical scavenging. At the same time, adding titanium hydride to sunscreen also enhances sun protection. The SPF value of sunscreen containing 1% titanium hydride and 20% titanium dioxide can reach 31.8, which exceeds the 20% titanium dioxide (15) by more than twofold. Therefore, titanium hydride with anti‐ultraviolet and antioxidant functions can be regarded as a promising and safe ingredient for sunscreen cream.
High‐Density Plasmonic Nanopores for DNA Sensing at Ultra‐Low Concentrations by Plasmon‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Iarossi Marzia , Darvill Daniel , Hubarevich Aliaksandr , Huang Jian‐An , Zhao Yingqi , De Fazio Angela Federica , O'Neill Devin B. , Tantussi Francesco , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid‐state nanopores are implemented in new and promising platforms that are capable of sensing fundamental biomolecular constituents at the single‐molecule level. However, several limitations and drawbacks remain. For example, the current strategies based on both electrical and optical sensing suffer from low analyte capture rates and challenging nanofabrication procedures. In addition, their limited discrimination power hinders their application in the detection of complex molecular constructs. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy has recently demonstrated the ability to discriminate both nucleotides and amino acids. Herein, a plasmonic nanoassembly is proposed supporting nanopores at high density, in the order of 100 pores per µm2. These findings demonstrate that the device has a high capture rate in the range of a few fm. The pore size is ≈10 nm in diameter and provides an amplification of the electromagnetic field exceeding 103 in intensity at 785 nm. Owing to these features, single‐molecule detection is achieved by means of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering from a solution containing 50 fm DNA molecules (≈4.4 kilobase pairs). Notably, the reported spectra show an average number of 2.5 Raman counts per nucleotide. From this perspective, this number is not far from what is necessary to discriminate the DNA sequence.
Self‐Powered Piezoelectric Actuation Systems Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Zheng Zhipeng , Wang Binquan , Yin Hao , Chen Yujie , Bao Yi , Guo Yiping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSustainable power supply via triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is attractive for self‐powered actuation systems in the era of the Internet of Things (IoTs). Herein, a low‐power actuation scheme enabled by the multilayered TENG for piezoelectric actuators, including the stack, unimorph, and micro‐fiber composite (MFC) actuator, is reported. The working principles of TENG‐powered piezoelectric actuators and their displacement characteristics in direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) modes are theoretically investigated. Compared with conventional high‐voltage power sources, the multilayered TENG delivers a maximum power of only 10.17 mW, providing a low‐power alternative for piezoelectric actuator with self‐powered capability and operational safety. Meanwhile, the hysteresis of the stack actuator that is critical in precise positioning control is reduced by 58.1%. A precise positioning system is demonstrated by utilizing the TENG‐powered stack actuator as an object stage for microscope focusing applications. The feasibility of vibration control with a 76.7% reduction in vibration amplitude is also verified via two TENG‐powered MFC actuators. A rectifying control circuit comprising the rectifier and gas discharging tube is established to implement AC–DC conversion and discharging control, achieving a larger displacement of the unimorph actuator. The TENG‐powered piezoelectric micropump demonstrates its potential application in liquid transport through straightforward operation.
Long Duration Persistent Photocurrent in 3 nm Thin Doped Indium Oxide for Integrated Light Sensing and In‐Sensor Neuromorphic Computation
Authors: Mazumder Aishani , Nguyen Chung Kim , Aung Thiha , Low Mei Xian , Rahman Md. Ataur , Russo Salvy P. , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Wang Shifan , Bullock James , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Syed Nitu , Ranjan Abhishek , Zavabeti Ali , Abidi Irfan H. , Guo Xiangyang , Li Yongxiang , Ahmed Taimur , Daeneke Torben , Al‐Hourani Akram , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Walia Sumeet 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMiniaturization and energy consumption by computational systems remain major challenges to address. Optoelectronics based synaptic and light sensing provide an exciting platform for neuromorphic processing and vision applications offering several advantages. It is highly desirable to achieve single‐element image sensors that allow reception of information and execution of in‐memory computing processes while maintaining memory for much longer durations without the need for frequent electrical or optical rehearsals. In this work, ultra‐thin (<3 nm) doped indium oxide (In2O3) layers are engineered to demonstrate a monolithic two‐terminal ultraviolet (UV) sensing and processing system with long optical state retention operating at 50 mV. This endows features of several conductance states within the persistent photocurrent window that are harnessed to show learning capabilities and significantly reduce the number of rehearsals. The atomically thin sheets are implemented as a focal plane array (FPA) for UV spectrum based proof‐of‐concept vision system capable of pattern recognition and memorization required for imaging and detection applications. This integrated light sensing and memory system is deployed to illustrate capabilities for real‐time, in‐sensor memorization, and recognition tasks. This study provides an important template to engineer miniaturized and low operating voltage neuromorphic platforms across the light spectrum based on application demand.
Durable Integrated K‐Metal Anode with Enhanced Mass Transport through Potassiphilic Porous Interconnected Mediator
Authors: Zhao Lu‐Kang , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Mu Jianjia , Luo Wen‐Bin , Liu Zhaomeng , Sun Zhenhua , Gu Qin‐Fen , Li Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractK‐metal batteries have become one of the promising candidates for the large‐scale energy storage owing to the virtually inexhaustible and widely potassium resources. The uneven K+ deposition and dendrite growth on the anode causes the batteries prematurely failure to limit the further application. An integrated K‐metal anode is constructed by cold‐rolling K metal with a potassiphilic porous interconnected mediator. Based on the experimental results and theoretical calculations, it demonstrates that the potassiphilic porous interconnected mediator boosts the mass transportation of K‐metal anode by the K affinity enhancement, which decreases the concentration polarization and makes a dendrite‐free K‐metal anode interface. The interconnected porous structure mitigates the internal stress generated during repetitive deposition/stripping, enabling minimized the generation of electrode collapse. As a result, a durable K‐metal anode with excellent cycling ability of exceed 1, 000 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and lower polarization voltage in carbonate electrolyte is obtained. This proposed integrated anode with fast K+ kinetics fabricated by a repeated cold rolling and folding process provides a new avenue for constructing a high‐performance dendrites‐free anode for K‐metal batteries.
Recent Advances on Cerium Oxide‐Based Biomaterials: Toward the Next Generation of Intelligent Theranostics Platforms
Authors: Huang Yongkang , Zhang Mengzhen , Jin Mengdie , Ma Tengfei , Guo Jialiang , Zhai Xinyun , Du Yaping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDisease or organ damage due to unhealthy living habits, or accidents, is inevitable. Discovering an efficient strategy to address these problems is urgently needed in the clinic. In recent years, the biological applications of nanotechnology have received extensive attention. Among them, as a widely used rare earth oxide, cerium oxide (CeO2) has shown good application prospects in biomedical fields due to its attractive physical and chemical properties. Here, the enzyme‐like mechanism of CeO2 is elucidated, and the latest research progress in the biomedical field is reviewed. At the nanoscale, Ce ions in CeO2 can be reversibly converted between +3 and +4. The conversion process is accompanied by the generation and elimination of oxygen vacancies, which give CeO2 the performance of dual redox properties. This property facilitates nano‐CeO2 to catalyze the scavenging of excess free radicals in organisms, hence providing a possibility for the treatment of oxidative stress diseases such as diabetic foot, arthritis, degenerative neurological diseases, and cancer. In addition, relying on its excellent catalytic properties, customizable life‐signaling factor detectors based on electrochemical techniques are developed. At the end of this review, an outlook on the opportunities and challenges of CeO2 in various fields is provided.
Enzyme‐Triggered Intestine‐Specific Targeting Adhesive Platform for Universal Oral Drug Delivery
Authors: Li Ying , Lee Jung Seung , Kirtane Ameya R. , Li Mengyuan , Coffey Charles William , Hess Kaitlyn , Lopes Aaron , Collins Joy , Tamang Siddartha , Ishida Keiko , Hayward Alison , Wainer Jacob , Wentworth Adam J. , Traverso Giovanni 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPatient adherence to chronic therapies can be suboptimal, leading to poor therapeutic outcomes. Dosage forms that enable reduction in dosing frequency stand to improve patient adherence. Variation in gastrointestinal transit time, inter‐individual differences in gastrointestinal physiology and differences in physicochemical properties of drugs represent challenges to the development of such systems. To this end, a small intestine‐targeted drug delivery system is developed, where prolonged gastrointestinal retention and sustained release are achieved through tissue adhesion of drug pills mediated by an essential intestinal enzyme catalase. Here proof‐of‐concept pharmacokinetics is demonstrated in the swine model for two drugs, hydrophilic amoxicillin and hydrophobic levodopa. It is anticipated that this system can be applicable for many drugs with a diverse of physicochemical characteristics.
PdNi Biatomic Clusters from Metallene Unlock Record‐Low Onset Dehydrogenation Temperature for Bulk‐MgH2
Authors: Xu Nuo , Wang Kaiwen , Zhu Yunfeng , Zhang Yao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrogen storage has long been a priority on the renewable energy research agenda. Due to its high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen density, MgH2 is a desirable candidate for solid‐state hydrogen storage. However, its practical use is constrained by high thermal stability and sluggish kinetics. Here, PdNi bilayer metallenes are reported as catalysts for hydrogen storage of bulk‐MgH2 near ambient temperature. Unprecedented 422 K beginning dehydrogenation temperature and up to 6.36 wt.% reliable hydrogen storage capacity are achieved. Fast hydrogen desorption is also provided by the system (5.49 wt.% in 1 h, 523 K). The in situ generated PdNi alloy clusters with suitable d‐band centers are identified as the main active sites during the de/re‐hydrogenation process by aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy and theoretical simulations, while other active species including Pd/Ni pure phase clusters and Pd/Ni single atoms obtained via metallene ball milling, also enhance the reaction. These findings present fundamental insights into active species identification and rational design of highly efficient hydrogen storage materials.
Component Distribution Regulation in Sn‐Pb Perovskite Solar Cells through Selective Molecular Interaction
Authors: Zhang Wenxiao , Yuan Haobo , Li Xiaodong , Guo Xuemin , Lu Chunyan , Liu Acan , Yang Hui , Xu Lin , Shi Xueliang , Fang Zhiwei , Yang Haibo , Cheng Ya , Fang Junfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with near‐ideal bandgap still lag behind the pure lead PSCs. Disordered heterojunctions caused by inhomogeneous Sn/Pb ratio in the binary perovskite film induce large recombination loss. Here, an Sn‐Pb perovskite film is reported with homogeneous component and energy distribution by introducing hydrazine sulfate (HS) in Sn perovskite precursor. HS can form hydrogen bond network and coordinate with FASnI3 thus no longer bond with Pb2+, which reduces the crystallization rate of tin perovskite to the level of lead analog. The strong bonding between SO42− and Sn2+ can also suppress its oxidation. As a result, the Sn‐Pb PSCs with HS exhibit a significantly improved VOC of 0.91 V along with a high efficiency of 23.17%. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bond interaction network, strong bonding between Sn2+ and sulfate ion also improve the thermal, storage, and air stability of resulting devices.
Piezo‐Phototronic In2Se3 Nanosheets as a Material Platform for Printable Electronics toward Multifunctional Sensing Applications
Authors: Polyzoidis Christos , Rogdakis Konstantinos , Veisakis George , Tsikritzis Dimitris , Hashemi Payam , Yang Hyejung , Sofer Zdeněk , Shaygan Nia Ali , Feng Xinliang , Kymakis Emmanuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA facile, ultralow‐cost, and up‐scalable printable manufacturing process of flexible, multifunctional sensors that respond to more than one external stimulus could have a pivotal role in low‐cost wearables and portable systems for Industry 4.0. Herein, using a low capex, in‐house spray coating system, the fabrication of a low‐cost photodetector that is tuneable by mechanical strain exploiting the piezo‐phototronic nature of defect‐free 2D In2Se3 nanosheets is reported. Moreover, force sensors that respond to different levels of applied force are spray‐coated by using In2Se3 nanosheets. Regarding the photodetector, a nonmonotonic and asymmetric effect of strain on photocurrent response is shown exhibiting a local maximum at the 23°–32° compressive angle range and a slight hysteresis. Forward compressive bending leads to a photocurrent enhancement by 27% at 32° and reverse by 31% at 23°, while tensile strain leads to a current suppression by 8–10% at 23°–32° angle. The resulting force sensor repeatably demonstrates discrete piezoelectric voltages in the millivolt scale upon different mass loads, opening the path for force and tactile sensing applications. Applying industrially compatible materials for the underlying flexible substrate and electrodes, combined with spray coating, removes manufacturing complexities that engage costly and energy intensive fabrication.
CsPbX3 Based X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Shi Shenghuan , Yao Huanhuan , Chen Daixie , Li Zhizai , Xu Zhuang , Wang Qian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, X‐ray detectors have been widely applied in industrial non‐destructive testing, medical diagnostics, scientific research, and so on. CsPbX3 has become a dazzling star material because of its high X‐ray absorption coefficient, low trap density, long carrier diffusion length, and other excellent photoelectric characteristics. This review first presents the crystal structure of CsPbX3 and then systematically introduces three single crystal growth methods and two quantum dot synthesis methods. Next, the research progress of X‐ray detection is introduced for different material types and detector types. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of CsPbX3 are discussed.