bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High inter‐rater reliability between physicians and nurses utilising modified Downes' scores in preterm respiratory distress
Authors: Ehret Danielle E. Y. , Demtse Gebremedhin Asrat , Hadgu Berhe Amanuel , Hailu Yohanes , Metaferia Gesit , Kessler Kaitlin , Kessler Ryan , Dunn Marie , Golan Agneta , Stavel Miroslav , Belava Jaroslava , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Edwards Erika M. , Worku Bogale , Dunn Michael , Abayneh Mahlet 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the inter‐rater reliability of modified Downes' scores assigned by physicians and nurses in the Ethiopian Neonatal Network and to calculate the concordance of score‐based treatment for preterm infants with respiratory distress.MethodsWe included preterm infants admitted from June 2020 to July 2021 to four tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the Ethiopian Neonatal Network that presented with respiratory distress. We calculated the kappa statistic to determine the nurse and physician correlation for each component of the modified Downes' score and total score on admission and evaluated the concordance of scores above and below the treatment threshold of 4.ResultsOf the 1151 eligible infants admitted, 817 infants (71%) had scores reported concurrently and independently by nurse and physician. The kappa statistic for modified Downes' score components ranged from 0.88 to 0.92 and was 0.89 for the total score. There was 98% concordance for score‐based treatment.ConclusionIncorporation of the modified Downes' score on admission for preterm infants with respiratory distress was feasible in tertiary NICUs in Ethiopia. The kappa statistics showed near‐perfect agreement between nurse and physician assessments, translating to a very high degree of concordance in score‐based treatment recommendations. These results highlight an opportunity for task‐shifting assessments and empowering nurses.
Oversight and accountability for serious incidents in Canada: Who polices the police?
Authors: Puddister Kate 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the agencies responsible for investigating when a member of the public is seriously injured, is killed or experiences other serious and potentially criminal actions at the hands of police officers in Canada. The article takes a comprehensive approach by examining all police oversight agencies that are responsible for responding to and investigating allegations of police criminality—eight organizations, across nine jurisdictions. The study integrates insights from public administration and police accountability literature and examines the structures and administration of the agencies. The study provides a critical assessment of the state of police oversight for serious incidents in Canada, it identifies agency outputs (including case substantiation), levels of independence, efforts at transparency, and considers the challenges in attempting to hold police accountable in Canada.
Changes in the gut microbiota of patients with Graves' orbitopathy according to severity grade
Authors: Zhang Qianshi , Tong Boding , Xie Zhaoyu , Li Yunping , Li Yuan , Wang Lujue , Luo Ban , Qi Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the changes of gut microbiota in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients of different severity grades and to identify the pathogenic bacteria of GO and the associated mechanism.MethodsA total of 18 healthy controls and 62 GO patients were recruited. The baseline information and faecal samples of all subjects were collected for gut microbiota analysis and metabolic function prediction analysis. 16SrDNA sequencing was used for microbial diversity detection. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was divided using the Mothur software, and the dominant microbiota was analysed. OTU number, Chao1 index, ACE index, and Shannon index of microbiota in faecal samples were analysed using the QIIME1.9.0 software. The relative abundance of microbiota in faecal samples was analysed through principal component analysis (PCA) using the Canoco Software 5.0. The metabolic function of microbiota in faecal samples was predicted using PICRUSt 2.0.ResultsThere was no remarkable difference in gut microbiota diversity between groups; however, the gut microbial community and dominant microbiota significantly differed among groups. Klebsiella_pneumoniae was deemed the potentially pathogenic bacteria of GO, and its abundance was positively correlated with disease severity. The metabolic prediction results revealed that inorganic nutrition metabolism, fatty acid and lipid degradation, electron transfer, aromatic compound degradation, and alcohol degradation were notably different between groups with high and low abundance of Klebsiella_pneumoniae and among groups with different GO severity grades, thereby showing a positive correlation with GO clinical risks.ConclusionsKlebsiella_pneumoniae was a potential GO‐related pathogen, which may regulate the metabolic pathways to affect GO progression.
Efficacy of alveolar ridge preservation with xenografts and resorbable socket sealing materials in the esthetic region: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Apaza‐Bedoya Karin , Magrin Gabriel Leonardo , Romandini Mario , Blanco‐Carrión Juan , Benfatti Cesar Augusto Magalhães 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe present systematic review aimed to identify and summarize the clinical, radiographic, and histological outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation using bone xenografts and absorbable sealing materials compared with spontaneous healing in the esthetic zone.Materials and methodsRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) fulfilling specific eligibility criteria were included. Two review authors independently searched for eligible studies, extracted data from the published reports and performed the risk of bias assessment (RoB 2 tool). Study results were summarized using random effects meta‐analyses.ResultsThirteen articles concerning 10 RCTs were included, involving a total of 357 participants. Most of studies were considered as “low” risk of bias. Meta‐analyses indicated less horizontal (difference in means—MD = 1.88 mm; p < 0.001), vertical mid‐buccal (MD = 1.84 mm; p < 0.001) and vertical mid‐lingual (MD = 2.27 mm; p < 0.001) bone resorption in alveolar ridge preservation compared to spontaneous healing as assessed clinically. Bone changes assessed radiographically showed consistent results in terms of horizontal (at 1 mm: MD = 1.84 mm, p < 0.001), vertical mid‐buccal (MD = 0.95 mm; p < 0.001) and mid‐lingual (MD = 0.62 mm; p = 0.05) resorption. Part of the bone resorption in the spontaneous healing group was compensated by soft‐tissues, since the observed differences between groups in linear ridge reduction evaluated through cast models superimposition were smaller (MD = 0.52 mm; p < 0.001).ConclusionsAlveolar ridge preservation with xenogeneic bone substitutes and non‐autogenous resorbable socket sealing materials is efficacious in reducing post‐extraction bone and ridge changes in the esthetic region.
Peri‐zygomatic complications on zygomatic implants with or without penetrating the external surface of zygoma: A 2‐year retrospective study
Authors: Yu Ziyang , Guo Houzuo , Han Weihua , Jiang Xi , Lin Ye 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe main purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the difference in the incidence of peri‐zygomatic complications (PZCs) when zygomatic implants (ZIs) penetrate or do not penetrate the external surface of zygoma.Materials and MethodsThis study included 32 patients with edentulous maxillae or potentially edentulous maxillae undergo zygomatic implantation. The patients were divided into the penetration group (P‐group) and the non‐penetration group (N‐group) according to whether the apex of implants penetrated the external surface of zygoma in postoperative CBCT. The extension length, the penetration section of the implants, and the skin thickness at the corresponding position were simultaneously measured. Clinical follow‐up was conducted regularly until 2 years after surgery. The occurrence of PZCs (including peri‐zygomatic infection, skin numbness, non‐infectious pain, and foreign body sensation) was recorded. A mixed effect logistic model was used to compare the difference of complication rate between the P‐group and the N‐group, and odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Then identify the impact of the extension length, penetration section and skin thickness in P‐group with the same model.ResultsA total of 71 ZIs were implanted in 32 patients, including 37 implants in the P‐group and 34 implants in the N‐group. During the 2‐year follow‐up, a total of 13 implants occurred PZCs, with an overall complication rate of 18.3%. Thereinto, the incidence rate was 29.7% in the P‐group, and 5.9% in the N‐group (OR = 6.77). In P‐group, there was a significant difference in complication rate of different extension lengths, while the penetration section and skin thickness had no statistical significance on the complication rate.ConclusionUnder the limitation of this study, to minimize the risk of PZCs, ZI should be placed in a manner that avoids the apex penetrating the external surface of the zygoma.
Explicit incentives increase citizen science recordings
Authors: Diekert Florian , Munzinger Stefan , Schulemann‐Maier Gaby , Städtler Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFrom tracking land‐use change to biodiversity loss, citizen science data have become a cornerstone for conservation. However, policymakers must understand the “data‐generating process” to make good use of existing citizen science data and encourage the production of useful new data. We analyze data from the two largest German online platforms for ecological observations to explore and quantify the effect of explicit incentives on volunteer recordings, created by a large‐scale prize competition on one of the platforms. We find 10% more recordings during the prize competition. Moreover, the effects of weather and weekends are attenuated during the competition period. Finally, the diversity of recorded species decreases. Our study shows the first statistical evidence that using explicit incentives increases the quantity of citizen science data. It highlights the need to further study the effect of explicit incentives on data quality and the engagement of citizens for conservation.
Characteristics and risk factors for advanced lung cancer with pulmonary embolism: A cross‐sectional, case–control study
Authors: Huang Yongkang , Gao Shiyuan , Li Ting , Zhang Beilei , Du Juan , Qian Yajuan , Xing Yufei , Zhou Tong , Shi Minhua , Huang Jian‐an , Lian Yixin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesPulmonary embolism (PE) is a life‐threatening complication that can occur in patients with lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors and examine the clinical characteristics of advanced lung cancer patients with PE.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients admitted to our two hospitals between January 2020 and June 2022. The case group consisted of patients with lung cancer and PE, and a closely matched control group was included to identify risk factors. Statistical analysis was conducted using R language.ResultsA total of 4957 patients were reviewed, and 162 patients (comprising 54 cases and 108 controls) were included in this study. The prevalence of lung cancer with PE in the study population was 1.08%. The majority of patients were male, and the most common histological subtype was adenocarcinoma (67%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and poorly differentiated non‐small cell lung cancer. The majority of patients had a high performance status (PS) score, with 50% experiencing respiratory failure (mainly hypoxia) and 33% with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Forty‐eight percent of patients were diagnosed with concurrent PE. Further analysis showed that PE was an independent predictor of poor survival, and a PS score of >1 was an independent risk factor for PE in patients with lung cancer.ConclusionOur study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and prognosis of PE in lung cancer patients and suggests that a poor ECOG PS, which has not been previously reported, is an independent risk factor for PE.
Interactive effect of booster vaccination and vitamin D status on antibody production of Omicron variant‐infected adults: A real‐world cohort study
Authors: Peng Denggao , Gao Yanzhang , Liu Zhichao , Zheng Jiawei , Liu Yingxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionEffect of booster vaccination and vitamin D status on antibody production of Omicron variant‐infected adults need to be further explored.MethodsA retrospective, longitudinal, real‐world cohort study was performed. All included cases were divided into vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and non‐VDD (control) groups according to baseline serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and then into unvaccinated, routinely vaccinated, and booster vaccinated VDD and control subgroups according to vaccination status. Antibody dynamics were observed within six time periods during hospitalization.ResultsA total of 204 adult cases were included, of which 121 (59%) were males; 23 (11%), 31 (15%), and 26 (13%) or 50 (25%), 35 (17%), and 39 (19%) were unvaccinated, routinely vaccinated, and booster vaccinated VDD cases or controls, respectively. The median (interquartile range) for age and baseline 25(OH)D concentration was 42.5 (31–53.5) years and 21.5 (18–25.4) ng/mL, respectively. The IgM titers within 3 to 7 days and 7 to 14 days increased rapidly to 1.8‐fold (P < 0.001) and 3.6‐fold (P < 0.001) those within the first day; the IgG titers increased to 5.8‐fold (P < 0.001) and 10.9‐fold (P < 0.001). Booster vaccinated controls had higher first IgG titers compared with unvaccinated controls (3.1‐fold; P = 0.001) or booster vaccinated VDD cases (2.1‐fold; P = 0.02).ConclusionsBooster vaccination and non‐VDD status may have an interactive boosting effect on IgG production of Omicron variant‐infected adults. Further randomized clinical trials may be needed to determine whether booster vaccination combined with VDD correction improves the humoral immunity to Omicron variants.
Risk factors for BK virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Xuemei , Zhang Senlin , Fan Junjie , Zhu Xiaoping , Hu Shaoyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective and BackgroundBK virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV‐HC) is an intractable complication leading to higher mortality and prolonged hospitalization among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) recipients. Therefore, identifying the potential risk factors of BKV‐HC after allo‐HCT is crucial to improve prognosis and for early prevention. However, the risk factors for BKV‐HC remain debatable. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify the risk factors for BKV‐HC, for early prevention of the occurrence of BKV‐HC and to improve the quality of life and prognosis of allo‐HCT recipients.MethodsWe searched relevant studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to February 2023. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all risk factors were calculated to evaluate their effects on the occurrence of BKV‐HC.ResultsOverall, 11 studies involving 2556 allo‐HCT recipients were included in this meta‐analysis. All included studies were retrospective and published between 2013 and 2022. We found that male sex (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07–1.62; p = .009, I2 = 34%), haploidentical donor (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.18–2.87; p = .007, I2 = 23%), myeloablative conditioning (OR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.36–2.28; p < .0001, I2 = 45%), acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) (OR = 2.73; 95% CI, 2.02–3.69; p < .0001, I2 = 46%), chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) (OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.12–2.60; p = .01, I2 = 0%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (OR = 3.13; 95% CI, 1.12–8.78; p = .03, I2 = 79%) were significantly associated with BKV‐HC in the univariable analysis.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis indicated that male sex, haploidentical donor, myeloablative conditioning, aGVHD, cGVHD, and CMV reactivation were potential risk factors for BKV‐HC.
Attitudes towards capitalism in 34 countries on five continents
Authors: Zitelmann Rainer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe author commissioned a survey on the image of capitalism in 34 countries. In only six of these countries – led by Poland and the United States – do pro‐capitalist attitudes dominate. Although approval of capitalism increases when the word ‘capitalism’ is omitted (and instead only described), even then a positive attitude dominates in only seven of 34 countries. The most frequently mentioned criticisms of capitalism are that capitalism is dominated by the rich and that capitalism leads to growing inequality. Respondents with higher incomes and higher levels of education, men, and those who classified themselves as being on the right of the political spectrum are less anti‐capitalist or are more pro‐capitalist than the population at large in most countries. In 33 countries, anti‐capitalists tend to be more conspiracy‐minded than pro‐capitalists.
Early recognition with capnography, and successful resuscitation, of severe cardiac dysfunction in a horse receiving amiodarone during transvenous electric cardioversion (TVEC)
Authors: Pye Elliot , Gozalo‐Marcilla Miguel , Blissitt Karen 
Published: September 2023

SummaryA 19‐year‐old Cob mare with atrial fibrillation (AF) presented for transvenous electric cardioversion (TVEC). Under general anaesthesia, three successive incremental electric shocks were given (total 750 J) and sinus rhythm was temporarily restored. After 13 s, AF recurred so a fourth shock (300 J) was given and intravenous (IV) amiodarone started. Shortly after, capnography revealed an acute drop in the end‐tidal carbon dioxide, which was followed by agonal gasping. Echocardiography showed severe cardiac dysfunction. Successful cardiac resuscitation consisted, among others, of cessation of amiodarone and administration of dobutamine and adrenaline. This case report highlights the importance of capnography as a non‐invasive means of cardiac output monitoring in equine anaesthesia which definitely contributed to a positive outcome in this case. It also emphasises the critical importance of early recognition and communication of complications within anaesthetic and cardiology teams.
Do female labor‐migrated households have lower productivity? Empirical evidence from rural rice farms in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Md Nazirul Islam , Salam Md Abdus , Firdaus R. B. Radin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe labor movement from rural areas and the remittance flow from migrants is a common household livelihood strategy in rural Bangladesh. While migration can offer economic benefits through remittances, it can be a source of hardship for migrants and their families due to societal culture. This study examines the differences in farm productivity and technical efficiency between female and male labor migrants by focusing on female and male laborers who have lived away from their homes for 6 months or more within the country and its reflection on farm production. Using data on 2271 rice plots from Bangladesh Integrated Households Survey in 2018, we estimate plot‐level stochastic meta‐frontier approach for households with female‐labor migrants and male‐labor migrants separately emphasizing technological difference and heteroskedastic technical efficiency. The empirical result shows that the female‐labor migrants' farms have 10.3% lower production frontier (maximum frontier yield) and 6.1% higher technical efficiency than male migrants' farms, indicating that they have 4.2% lower productivity. Lower production frontier reflects lower management ability and less attention to farm practice. Moreover, the study reveals that female‐labor migrants' farms are closer to the meta‐frontier, suggesting smaller technology gaps. However, some farmers failed to achieve the highest possible output in relation to the meta‐frontier, indicating that farmers can boost their production by adopting and disseminating new rice production technology.
Plasminogen, human‐tvmh for the treatment of children and adults with plasminogen deficiency type 1
Authors: Shapiro Amy D. , Nakar Charles , Parker Joseph M. , Thibaudeau Karen , Crea Roberto , Sandset Per Morten 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimAn open‐label phase 2/3 study of plasminogen, human‐tvmh administered intravenously in paediatric and adult subjects with type 1 plasminogen deficiency was conducted. Interim data was previously reported. The final data on 15 subjects who completed the study up to a maximum of 124 weeks are reported here.MethodsThe primary objectives were to evaluate efficacy of plasminogen replacement therapy on clinically evident or visible lesions during 48 weeks of dosing and to achieve an increase in trough plasminogen activity levels by at least an absolute 10% above baseline during 12 weeks of treatment.ResultsThe primary efficacy endpoint was achieved, as 100% of subjects (n = 11) with visible and assessable non‐visible lesions at baseline demonstrated ≥ 50% improvement after 48 weeks of study drug treatment with plasminogen, human‐tvmh. All subjects achieved the targeted ≥ 10% increase in trough plasminogen activity above baseline through Week 12. Plasminogen, human‐tvmh at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg administered every 2–5 days for 48 weeks and every 1–7 days for up to 124 weeks was well tolerated.ConclusionThis study provides additional evidence regarding the long‐term safety and clinical utility of replacement therapy with human plasminogen for the treatment of children and adults with type 1 plasminogen deficiency. Plasminogen, human‐tvmh received marketing approval on June 4, 2021. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02690714.
Nouvel éclairage sur la relation entre inégalités et informalité à partir de l'exemple latino‐américain
Authors: AMARANTE Verónica , ARIM Rodrigo 
Published: September 2023

RésuméDe nombreuses économies en développement affichent à la fois de fortes inégalités des revenus et un emploi largement informel. Malgré cette conjonction frappante, la relation entre les deux phénomènes est peu étudiée, en particulier pour l'Amérique latine. Les auteurs soulignent la complexité de ce lien et isolent plusieurs facteurs susceptibles d'influer en la matière. Ils testent leur modèle conceptuel empiriquement avec des données de panel portant sur une série de pays latino‐américains et sur la période 1990‐2018. Dans ce contexte particulier, les résultats font apparaître une association positive entre la formalisation du marché du travail et l'égalité des revenus du travail.