bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A semi-supervised learning approach with consistency regularization for tumor histopathological images analysis
Authors: Jiang Yanyun , Sui Xiaodan , Ding Yanhui , Xiao Wei , Zheng Yuanjie , Zhang Yongxin 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionManual inspection of histopathological images is important in clinical cancer diagnosis. Pathologists implement pathological diagnosis and prognostic evaluation through the microscopic examination of histopathological slices. This entire process is time-consuming, laborious, and challenging for pathologists. The modern use of whole-slide imaging, which scans histopathology slides to digital slices, and analysis using computer-aided diagnosis is an essential problem.MethodsTo solve the problem of difficult labeling of histopathological data, and improve the flexibility of histopathological analysis in clinical applications, we herein propose a semi-supervised learning algorithm coupled with consistency regularization strategy, called“Semi- supervised Histopathology Analysis Network”(Semi-His-Net), for automated normal-versus-tumor and subtype classifications. Specifically, when inputted disturbing versions of the same image, the model should predict similar outputs. Based on this, the model itself can assign artificial labels to unlabeled data for subsequent model training, thereby effectively reducing the labeled data required for training.ResultsOur Semi-His-Net is able to classify patches from breast cancer histopathological images into normal tissue and three other different tumor subtypes, achieving an accuracy was 90%. The average AUC of cross-classification between tumors reached 0.893.DiscussionTo overcome the limitations of visual inspection by pathologists for histopathology images, such as long time and low repeatability, we have developed a deep learning-based framework (Semi-His-Net) for automatic classification subdivision of the subtypes contained in the whole pathological images. This learning-based framework has great potential to improve the efficiency and repeatability of histopathological image diagnosis.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients with primary intracranial malignant lymphoma: A Retrospective study based on the SEER database
Authors: Yang Ziyue , Li Zhenfen , Fu Chunmeng , Zhu Yuanyuan , Lin Ying , Deng Ying , Li Ning , Peng Fang 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPrimary intracranial malignant lymphoma (PIML) is a rare form of lymphoma that most often occurs in the brain and has an extremely low 5-year survival rate. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are widely used in the clinical management of PIML, the choice of treatment regimen and the actual circumstances of patients remain challenges when assessing survival rates in different patients.MethodsConsidering this, we obtained clinical treatment and survival information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) on patients with lymphoma, the primary site of which was the brain, and performed statistical analyses of the demographic characteristics. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors.ResultWe identified age, pathology, the Ann Arbor stage, and treatment as the risk factors affecting patient prognosis. The areas under the curve (AUCs) for overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.8, 0.818, and 0.81, respectively. The AUCs for cancer-specific survival at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.8, 0.79, and 0.79. The prediction ability in the development and verification cohorts was in good agreement with the actual values, while we plotted the clinical decision curves for the model, suggesting that the nomogram can provide benefits for clinical decision-making.ConclusionOur model provides a prognostic guide for patients with PIML and a reliable basis for clinicians.
Can the sustainable development goals for cancer be met in Brazil? A population-based study
Authors: De Camargo Cancela Marianna , Bezerra de Souza Dyego Leandro , Leite Martins Luís Felipe , Borges Leonardo , Schilithz Arthur Orlando , Hanly Paul , Sharp Linda , Pearce Alison , Soejomataram Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundA one-third reduction in premature mortality (30-69 years) from chronic noncommunicable diseases is goal 3.4 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDG). The burden of NCDs is expected to continue to increase in low- and middle-income countries, including Brazil.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess geographical and temporal patterns in premature cancer mortality in Brazil between 2001 and 2015 and to predict this to 2030 in order to benchmark against the 3.4 SDG target.MethodsWe used data on deaths from cancer in those aged 30-69, by age group, sex and cancer site, between 2001 and 2015 from the National Mortality Information System of Brazil (SIM). After correcting for ill-defined causes, crude and world age-standardised mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated nationally and for the 5 regions. Predictions were calculated using NordPred, up to 2030.ResultsThe difference in observed (2011-2015) and predicted (2026-2030) mortality was compared against the SDG 3.4 target. Between 2011-2015 and 2026-2030 a 12.0% reduction in premature cancer age-standardised mortality rate among males and 4.6% reduction among females is predicted nationally. Across regions this varied from 2.8% among females in North region to 14.7% among males in South region. Lung cancer mortality rates are predicted to decrease among males but not among females nationally (men 28%, females 1.1% increase) and in all regions. Cervical cancer mortality rates are projected to remain very high in the North. Colorectal cancer mortality rates will increase for both sexes in all regions except the Southeast.Conclusions and recommendationCancer premature mortality is expected to decrease in Brazil, but the extent of the decrease will be far from the SDG 3.4 target. Nationally, only male lung cancer will be close to reaching the SDG 3.4 target, reflecting the government’s long-term efforts to reduce tobacco consumption. Projected colorectal cancer mortality increases likely reflect the epidemiological transition. This and, cervical cancer control will continue to be major challenges. These results will help inform strategic planning for cancer primary prevention, early detection and treatment programs; such initiatives should take cognizance of the regional differences highlighted here.
The upregulation of CLGN in hepatocellular carcinoma is potentially regulated by hsa-miR-194-3p and associated with patient progression
Authors: Cui Zhongyuan , Wang Jielong , Chen Gang , Li Dongliang , Cheng Bianqiao , Lai Yanhua , Wu Zhixian 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have poor prognosis, especially in advanced stages. Targeted therapy is the main treatment for advanced HCC patients, but the optimal targets for HCC remain poorly understood. The main purpose of this study was to identify potential novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.MethodsFirstly, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC were identified from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression, significance in prognosis, and potential mechanisms of DEGs were analyzed using GEPIA, TIMER, HPA, Kaplan Meier Plotter, CBioPortal, miRWalk, TargetScan, and ENCORI databases. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the protein expression levels of potential candidate genes.ResultsThe mRNA levels of MND1, STXBP6, and CLGN were significantly increased in HCC (p&lt; 0.01). HCC patients with elevated CLGN mRNA levels had poorer overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (p &lt; 0.05). Higher MND1 mRNA levels significantly correlated with poorer DFS in HCC patients (p&lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between STXBP6 expression and prognosis of HCC (p&gt; 0.05). Further analysis revealed that patients with elevated CLGN mRNA expression in advanced pathology stages had poorer prognosis (p&lt; 0.01). In addition, CLGN protein levels were elevated in HCC compared to their levels in normal tissues. The mRNA levels of CLGN had no significant correlation with the abundance of six common tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in HCC (COR &lt; 0.5). Moreover, the mutation rate of CLGN was less than 1% in HCC patients (10/1089). Finally, the expression level of hsa-miR-194-3p in HCC was significantly lower than that in normal tissues (p &lt; 0.05), and prognosis of HCC with low expression of hsa-miR-194 was poor (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe upregulation of CLGN in HCC is significantly associated with poor patient prognosis, especially in the advanced stages, and may be regulated by hsa-miR-194-3p. These findings suggest that CLGN may be closely related to the progression of HCC, and is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic indicator for patients with advanced HCC.
Efficacy of non-enhanced computer tomography-based radiomics for predicting hematoma expansion: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yan-Wei , Xu Xiong-Jei , Wang Rui , Chen Chun-Mei 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThis meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of radiomics using non-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) for predicting hematoma expansion in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.MethodsThroughout the inception of the project to April 11, 2022, a comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The methodological quality of studies in this analysis was assessed by the radiomics quality scoring system (RQS). A meta-analysis of radiomic studies based on NCCT for predicting hematoma expansion in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage was performed. The efficacy of the radiomics approach and non-contrast CT markers was compared using network meta-analysis (NMA).ResultsTen articles comprising a total of 1525 patients were quantitatively analyzed for hematoma expansion after cerebral hemorrhage using radiomics. Based on the included studies, the mean RQS was 14.4. The AUC value (95% confidence interval) of the radiomics model was 0.80 (0.76-0.83). Five articles comprising 846 patients were included in the NMA. The results synthesized according to Bayesian NMA revealed that the predictive ability of the radiomics model outperformed most of the NCCT biomarkers.ConclusionsThe NCCT-based radiomics approach has the potential to predict hematoma expansion. Compared to NCCT biomarkers, we recommend a radiomics approach. Standardization of the radiomics approach is required for further clinical implementation.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=324034, identifier [CRD42022324034].
The value of brain MRI functional connectivity data in a machine learning classifier for distinguishing migraine from persistent post-traumatic headache
Authors: Dumkrieger Gina , Chong Catherine D , Ross Katherine , Berisha Visar , Schwedt Todd J 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPost-traumatic headache (PTH) and migraine often have similar phenotypes. The objective of this exploratory study was to develop classification models to differentiate persistent PTH (PPTH) from migraine using clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain structure and functional connectivity (fc).MethodsThirty-four individuals with migraine and 48 individuals with PPTH attributed to mild TBI were included. All individuals completed questionnaires assessing headache characteristics, mood, sensory hypersensitivities, and cognitive function and underwent brain structural and functional imaging during the same study visit. Clinical features, structural and functional resting-state measures were included as potential variables. Classifiers using ridge logistic regression of principal components were fit on the data. Average accuracy was calculated using leave-one-out cross-validation. Models were fit with and without fc data. The importance of specific variables to the classifier were examined.ResultsWith internal variable selection and principal components creation the average accuracy was 72% with fc data and 63.4% without fc data. This classifier with fc data identified individuals with PPTH and individuals with migraine with equal accuracy.ConclusionMultivariate models based on clinical characteristics, fc, and brain structural data accurately classify and differentiate PPTH vs. migraine suggesting differences in the neuromechanism and clinical features underlying both headache disorders.
The effect of erythropoietin on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: An updated meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Pan Jing-Jing , Wu Yue , Liu Yun , Cheng Rui , Chen Xiao-Qing , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveErythropoietin (EPO) seems to have a good application prospect both in experimental models and patients with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Data regarding the effect of EPO on death or neurodevelopmental impairment are conflicting.MethodsA search was conducted by two investigators involved in this research in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies in English, in Wanfang, VIP, and Cnki databases for Chinese studies (all last launched on 2022/08/31). Ultimately, we identified 11 original studies, including the EPO group (n = 636) and the control group (n = 626). Odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference were calculated using a random effects or fixed effects model, depending on the data type and heterogeneity of the included studies.Results1. The comparison of effectiveness of EPO treatment on HIE: (1) With respect to death, data showed no significant difference between EPO and control groups (OR = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.66–1.43; P = 0.88); Considering the additional effect of mild hypothermia treatment (MHT), no significant difference was found between EPO + MHT/control + MHT groups either (OR = 1.09, 95% CI, 0.69–1.73; P = 0.72); With respect to the interference of different routes of medication administration, Meta-analysis further showed no difference between intravenous EPO/control groups (OR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.70–1.82; P = 0.62). (2) With respect to cerebral palsy, the analysis showed no significant difference (OR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.50–1.15; P = 0.20); Considering the effect of MHT and routes of medication administration, data further showed no difference between EPO group and control group (OR = 1.26, 95% CI, 0.73–2.19; P = 0.41). (3) Regarding epilepsy, no significant difference was found (OR = 0.49, 95% CI, 0.20–1.19; P = 0.12). MR abnormality was less common in EPO group (OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.19–0.79; P = 0.008). 2. The comparison of possible adverse events of EPO: EPO treatment would not increase the risk of thrombocytopenia, hypotension, and hepatic and kidney injury.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis showed that EPO treatment is not beneficial for reducing death and improving neurological impairment, though it would not increase the risk of adverse events.
Baseline assessment of the WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA maternal and newborn quality-of-care standards around childbirth: Results from an intermediate hospital, northeast Namibia
Authors: Siseho Gloria Mutimbwa , Mathole Thubelihle , Jackson Debra 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundQuality of care around childbirth can reduce above half of the stillbirths and newborn deaths. Northeast Namibia’s neonatal mortality is higher than the national level. Yet, no review exists on the quality of care provided around childbirth. This paper reports on baseline assessment for implementing WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA quality measures around childbirth.MethodsA mixed-methods research design was used to assess quality of care around childbirth. To obtain good saturation and adequate women opinions, we purposively sampled the only high-volume hospital in northeast Namibia; observed 53 women at admission, of which 19 progressed to deliver on the same day/hours of data collection; and interviewed 20 staff and 100 women who were discharged after delivery. The sampled hospital accounted for half of all deliveries in that region and had a high (27/1,000) neonatal mortality rate above the national (20/1,000) level. We systematically sampled every 22nd delivery until the 259 mother–baby pair was reached. Data were collected using the Every Mother Every Newborn assessment tool, entered, and analyzed using SPSS V.27. Descriptive statistics was used, and results were summarized into tables and graphs.ResultsWe reviewed 259 mother–baby pair records. Blood pressure, pulse, and temperature measurements were done in 98% of observed women and 90% of interviewed women at discharge. Above 80% of human and essential physical resources were adequately available. Gaps were identified within the WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA quality standard 1, a quality statement on routine postpartum and postnatal newborn care (1.1c), and also within standards 4, 5, and 6 on provider–client interactions (4.1), information sharing (5.3), and companionship (6.1). Only 45% of staff received in-service training/refresher on postnatal care and breastfeeding. Most mothers were not informed about breastfeeding (52%), postpartum care and hygiene (59%), and family planning (72%). On average, 49% of newborn postnatal care interventions (1.1c) were practiced. Few mothers (0–12%) could mention any newborn danger signs.ConclusionThis is the first study in Namibia to assess WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA quality-of-care measures around childbirth. Measurement of provider–client interactions and information sharing revealed significant deficiencies in this aspect of care that negatively affected the client’s experience of care. To achieve reductions in neonatal death, improved training in communication skills to educate clients is likely to have a major positive and relatively low-cost impact.
Efficacy and safety of probiotics in Parkinson’s constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Li , Chen Dongmei , Zhu Xinghui , Cheng Cisong 
Published: January 2023

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease closely related to the immune system, among whose prodromes constipation is a representative symptom. Recent Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have proved that probiotics can be used to effectively treat PD constipation, but the results are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotic therapy on Parkinson’s constipation.Methods: Questions about the research focus were constructed based on the Participants, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) Criteria. We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, EBSCO, Cochrane and Google Scholar until March 2022 for eligible literatures. Our primary endpoints were stool frequency, stool consistency, the number of laxatives uses, UPDRS-III scores and adverse events.Results: 12 eligible studies (n = 818 patients) met the inclusion and endpoint criteria. Meta-analysis results showed that constipation symptoms were improved after probiotic treatment, including an increased stool frequency (WMD = 0.94, 95% CI:0.53 to 1.34; OR = 3.22, 95% CI:1.97–5.29), an improved stool consistency (WMD = 1.46, 95% CI:0.54–2.37), a reduced use of laxatives (WMD = −0.72, 95%CI: −1.04 to−0.41), and also a reduced Parkinson’s UPDRS-III score (WMD = −6.58, 95%CI: −12.02 to −1.14); there was no significant difference in total adverse events (OR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.39–1.72).Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that probiotics can be used to improve the constipation and motor symptoms for patients with Parkinson’s constipation, possibly by reducing the inflammatory response and improving gut-brain axis neuron function, whose safety also proved to be good.
Efficacy and safety of concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors with aspirin-clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Xiaofeng , Hou Min , He Shuangshuang , Yang Xue , Zhang Pan , Zhao Yingxin , Xing Haiyan 
Published: January 2023

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are usually prescribed to prevent gastrointestinal (GI) complications in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of the concomitant use of PPIs with aspirin-clopidogrel DAPT in patients with Coronary heart disease (CHD).Method: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 2022 for eligible studies. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to different PPI subtypes, populations, follow-up times and study types. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022332195).Results: A total of 173,508 patients from 18 studies [2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 post hoc analyses of RCTs, and 13 cohort studies] were included in this study. Pooled data revealed that coadministration of PPIs significantly increased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06–1.26, p = .001) and reduced the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) complications (HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.30–0.64, p &lt; .0001). Subgroup analysis results showed that the esomeprazole users and patients with coronary stenting in the PPI group were associated with an increased risk of MACEs compared with the non-PPI group. The occurrence of MACEs in PPI users was more common than that in non-PPI users in long-term follow-up (≥12 months) studies and in the observational studies. There was no significant differences in the incidences of net clinical adverse events (NACEs), all-cause mortality, or cardiac death between the two groups.Conclusion: In patients with CHD, the concomitant use of PPIs with aspirin and clopidogrel was associated with a reduced risk of GI complications but could increase the rates of MACEs (particularly in patients receiving esomeprazole or with coronary stenting). There was no clear evidence of an association between PPI use and NACEs, all-cause mortality, or cardiac death. The results could have been affected by the follow-up time and study type. Further large-scale RCTs with long-term follow-up are needed.