bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary on “What can a Family Liaison Service offer families of children with disabilities and/or developmental difficulties?”
Authors: Murphy Mark 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the key themes highlighted by Collins et al., in light of the wider research evidence base on informal sources of support for families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
This commentary reflects on the provision of informal support services for families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Findings
The wider literature highlights the key role of family support in shifting negative narratives concerning parenting a child with intellectual and developmental disabilities, the impact of austerity and COVID-19 on support provision and the importance of services working effectively in collaboration to promote self-determination for families and individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Originality/value
Continued efforts to explore how services and informal social supports might work together in an effective manner are key to improving the quality of life of parents caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
The Profound Implications of the Meaning of Health for Health Care and Health Equity
Authors: FISCELLA KEVIN , EPSTEIN RONALD M. 
Published: June 2023

Policy Points
The meaning of health in health care remains poorly defined, defaulting to a narrow, biomedical disease model. A national dialogue could create a consensus regarding a holistic and humanized definition of health that promotes health care transformation and health equity.
Key steps for operationalizing a holistic meaning of health in health care include national leadership by federal agencies, intersectoral collaborations that include diverse communities, organizational and cultural change in medical education, and implementation of high‐quality primary care.
The 2023 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on achieving whole health offers recommendations for action.
Assessment of lung doses in patients undergoing total body irradiation for haematological malignancies with and without lung shielding
Authors: Lonski Peta , MacManus Michael , Campbell Belinda A , Wheeler Greg , Ungureanu Elena , Kron Tomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionTotal body irradiation (TBI) practices vary considerably amongst centres, and the risk of treatment related toxicities remains unclear. We report lung doses for 142 TBI patients who underwent either standing TBI with lung shield blocks or lying TBI without blocks.MethodsLung doses were calculated for 142 TBI patients treated between June 2016 and June 2021. Patients were planned using Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) using AAA_15.6.06 for photon dose calculations and EMC_15.6.06 for electron chest wall boost fields. Mean and maximum lung doses were calculated.ResultsThirty‐seven patients (26.2%) were treated standing using lung shielding blocks with 104 (73.8%) treated lying down. Lowest relative mean lung doses were achieved using lung shielding blocks in standing TBI, reducing the mean lung doses to 75.2% of prescription (9.9 Gy), ±4.1% (range 68.6–84.1%) for a prescribed dose of 13.2 Gy in 11 fractions, including contributions from electron chest wall boost fields, compared to 12 Gy in 6 fraction lying TBI receiving 101.6% mean lung dose (12.2 Gy) ±2.4% (range 95.2–109.5%) (P ≪ 0.05). Patients treated lying down with 2 Gy single fraction received the highest relative mean lung dose on average, with 108.4% (2.2 Gy) ±2.6% of prescription (range 103.2–114.4%).ConclusionLung doses have been reported for 142 TBI patients using the lying and standing techniques described herein. Lung shielding blocks significantly reduced mean lung doses despite the addition of electron boost fields to the chest wall.
Initial studies on the implanting sites of high and low ventricular septa using leadless cardiac pacemakers
Authors: Li Qiao‐yuan , Dong Jian‐zeng , Guo Cheng‐jun , Fang Dong‐ping , Liu Xu , Dai Wen‐long 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo study the safety and electrical characteristics of various implanting sites of the Micra pacemaker.MethodA total of 15 patients from Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, were included, who were implanted with Micra leadless pacemakers and allocated to either the high ventricular septum group (eight patients) or the low ventricular septum group (seven patients) based on their individual patient factors and clinical conditions. The baseline of the patients, the implanting area, the electrocardiogram change after implantation, the implantation data, the threshold, R wave, impedance, and the date of the 1‐month follow‐up were then analyzed. With all of the data, the characteristics of different implantation sites of the Micra pacemaker were determined.ResultsOverall, the thresholds were low at implantation and remained stable over the 1‐, 3‐, 6‐month, 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year follow‐ups. On comparing the two groups, there was no difference in QRS duration at pacing (140.00 [40.00] ms vs. 179.00 [50.00] ms), threshold at implantation (0.38 [0.22] mV vs. 0.63 [1.00] mV), R wave at implantation ([10.85 ± 4.71] V vs. [7.26 ± 2.98] V), or impedance at implantation ([906.25 ± 162.39] Ω vs. [750.00 ± 173.40] Ω). While the difference in QRS duration between the two groups was not significant, the QRS duration of the high ventricular septum group exhibited a reduced tendency compared with that of the low ventricular group. The corrected QT interval during pacing exhibited a significant difference (440.00 [80.00] ms vs. 520.00 [100.00] ms; p < .05). For the 1‐, 3‐, 6‐month, 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year follow‐ups, there was no difference between the threshold of the high ventricular septum group and that of the low ventricular septum group (p > .05).ConclusionHigh ventricular septum pacing appears to be a safe site for implantation of the Micra pacemaker. It could entail a shorter QRS duration at pacing and could be more physiological than low ventricular septum pacing.
Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with esophageal varices: Multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Toya Yosuke , Hatta Waku , Shimada Tomohiro , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Shiroki Takeharu , Sasaki Yu , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Nakamura Jun , Hanabata Norihiro , Horikawa Yohei , Nagino Ko , Koike Tomoyuki , Masamune Atsushi , Harada Yoshihiro , Ohira Tetsuya , Iijima Katsunori , Abe Yasuhiko , Hikichi Takuto , Igarashi Shohei , Fushimi Saki , Takeda Hiroaki , Fukuda Shinsaku , Matsumoto Takayuki ,   Tohoku GI Endoscopy Group
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesClinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with esophageal varices (EVs) are obscure. We aimed to elucidate the clinical outcomes of ESD for ESCC with EVs in a multicenter, retrospective study.MethodsWe established a retrospective cohort of 30 patients with ESCC complicating EVs, who underwent ESD at 11 Japanese institutions. Rates of en bloc resection and R0 resection, procedure time, and adverse events were evaluated as indicators of the feasibility and safety of ESD. Additional treatment, recurrence, and metastasis of the lesions were evaluated as indicators of the long‐term efficacy of ESD.ResultsPortal hypertension was caused by cirrhosis, of which alcohol was the most common cause. En bloc resection was achieved in 93.3% and R0 resection in 80.0% of the patients. The median procedure time was 92 min. Adverse events included a case of uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding leading to discontinuation of ESD and a case of esophageal stricture due to extensive resection. During the follow‐up period of a median for 42 months, a patient with local recurrence and another patient with liver metastasis were observed. One patient died of liver failure after receiving chemoradiotherapy as an additional treatment after ESD. No patient died of ESCC.ConclusionThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ESD for ESCC with EVs. Further studies are needed to establish appropriate treatment methods for EVs before ESD and additional treatments for patients with insufficient ESD.
Exploration versus exploitation: A laboratory test of the single‐agent exponential bandit model
Authors: Hudja Stanton , Woods Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes how individuals resolve an exploration versus exploitation trade‐off in a laboratory experiment. The experiment implements the single‐agent exponential bandit model. We analyze how subjects respond to changes in the prior belief, safe action, and discount factor. We find that subjects respond in the predicted direction to these changes. However, we find that subjects under‐respond to the prior belief, under‐respond to the safe action, and typically explore less than predicted. Our results suggest that neither risk aversion nor the random termination probability are driving under‐experimentation. Our results are consistent with subjects having incorrect beliefs about exploration.
Freeform Bending Tool Design for Rectangular Profiles and Its Influence on the Process
Authors: Werner Matthias Konrad , Scandola Lorenzo , Maier Daniel , Volk Wolfram 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Freeform bending offers a wide range of possibilities in terms of component geometries, material grades, and profile cross sections. In the field of circular solid and hollow profiles, the circular shape of the profile used determines the design of the tool. When using rectangular profiles, the cross section of the tool cannot be easily obtained by an offset of the profile cross section. The large tolerance ranges of the profile standards like wide ranges of corner radii or material thickness require compromises with regard to the shape and tolerances of the tool. Currently, there are no design guidelines for freeform bending tools and no approaches as to whether universal tool approaches or specialized tool approaches should be used for freeform bending of rectangular profiles. This concerns both the geometric dimensions regarding clearances and the functional design of the tools, for example, rollers or sliding tools. Tests have shown that the design of the tool has a great influence on the quality of the component. Clearances that are too wide to accommodate the tolerances can result in larger wrinkling and buckling. Clearances that are too tight can lead to increased scrap because parts of a batch may not fit into the tool. Furthermore, the trade-off in the tool design can lead to tool shapes, which encourage further defects. These are mainly wrinkling, cross-sectional deformations, and strongly deformed profile corners, which in some cases form cracks in the material. In this article, the influences of the tool design on the bending of rectangular profiles and the resulting defects of the profiles are investigated. For this purpose, experiments were carried out utilizing several tool designs with different variants and four combinations of the movable die and the fixed die. Each configuration was used with the same calibrated kinematics to investigate several different radii and compare the results. The experiments show that the design of the tool has a direct influence on the bending result and also an influence on the development of bending defects. The hypothesis that the effect of increasing defects is caused by increasing friction is shown experimentally, explained theoretically and confirmed with an additionally built simulation model.
BLINCAR: a reusable bioluminescent and Cas9-based genetic toolset for repeatedly modifying wild-type
Scheffersomyces stipitis
Authors: Reichard Walter D. , Smith Serenah E. , Robertson J. Brian 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Scheffersomyces stipitis
is a yeast that robustly ferments the 5-carbon sugar xylose, making the yeast a valuable candidate for lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation. However, the non-canonical codon usage of
S. stipitis
is an obstacle for implementing molecular tools that were developed for other yeast species, thereby limiting the molecular toolset available for
S. stipitis
. Here, we developed a series of molecular tools for
S. stipitis
including BLINCAR, a Bio-Luminescent Indicator that is Nullified by Cas9-Actuated Recombination, which can be used repeatedly to add different exogenous DNA payloads to the wild-type
S. stipitis
genome or used repeatedly to remove multiple native
S. stipitis
genes from the wild-type genome. Through the use of BLINCAR tools, one first produces antibiotic-resistant, bioluminescent colonies of
S. stipitis
whose bioluminescence highlights those clones that have been genetically modified; then second, once candidate clones have been confirmed, one uses a transient Cas9-producing plasmid to nullify the antibiotic resistance and bioluminescent markers from the prior introduction, thereby producing non-bioluminescent colonies that highlight those clones which have been re-sensitized to the antibiotic and are therefore susceptible to another round of BLINCAR implementation.

IMPORTANCE

Cellulose and hemicellulose that comprise a large portion of sawdust, leaves, and grass can be valuable sources of fermentable sugars for ethanol production. However, some of the sugars liberated from hemicellulose (like xylose) are not easily fermented using conventional glucose-fermenting yeast like
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, so engineering robust xylose-fermenting yeast that is not inhibited by other components liberated from cellulose/hemicellulose will be important for maximizing yield and making lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation cost efficient. The yeast
Scheffersomyces stipitis
is one such yeast that can ferment xylose; however, it possesses several barriers to genetic manipulation. It is difficult to transform, has only a few antibiotic resistance markers, and uses an alternative genetic code from most other organisms. We developed a genetic toolset for
S. stipitis
that lowers these barriers and allows a user to deliver and/or delete multiple genetic elements to/from the wild-type genome, thereby expanding
S. stipitis’s
potential.
Spin–Orbit Interaction in ZnO/MgxZn1 – xO Heterojunctions Probed by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Khisameeva A. R. , Shchepetilnikov A. V. , Dremin A. A. , Kukushkin I. V. 
Published: June 2023

The spin–orbit interaction in a series of ZnO/MgxZn1 – xO heterojunctions containing a two-dimensional electron system with a wurtzite structure has been studied in detail. The spin–orbit coupling constants have been determined from the analysis of the modification of the single-particle g-factor caused by the spin–orbit interaction in the quantum Hall effect regime. The g-factor has been measured with high accuracy by the electron paramagnetic resonance technique in wide ranges of magnetic fields and electromagnetic frequencies. The spin–orbit coupling constants have been determined for a series of samples with different Mg concentrations, which has allowed us to obtain the dependence of the spin–orbit coupling constant on the two-dimensional electron density n. The measured spin–orbit coupling constant is in the range of 0.5–0.8 meV Å and quite weakly depends on n. The coefficients specifying the linear and cubic contributions to the spin–orbit interaction determined from the approximation of the experimental data are α0 = 0.48 meV Å and γ = 0.12 eV Å3, respectively. These values are correlated with results obtained by other research groups.
Monitoring litter on Arctic and subarctic shorelines: current status and next steps for monitoring programs
Authors: Pollet Ingrid L. , Baak Julia E. , Feld Louise , Grøsvik Bjørn E. , Liboiron Max , Mallory Mark L. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Strand Jakob 
Published: June 2023

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous, and the Arctic is no exception. One important step to understand the extent of the problem, and to monitor its impact is to have repeatable, comparable, and relevant measures across time and space that allow for the detection of marine litter trends. Arctic shorelines are a critical part of monitoring efforts. Pan-Arctic monitoring of litter on shorelines is also an essential component to examine global trends. Based on previous work examining litter in some regions of the Arctic, we suggest steps towards more harmonized protocols that include community-based monitoring, crowdsourced science programs, and science team-based surveys that are specific for the Arctic. Specifically, we recommend that shoreline survey sites for long-term monitoring be established where possible and be at least 50 m and surveys carried out at regular intervals of at least twice a year by any type of research team. Criteria for the selection of sites should be grounded in Indigenous and other local community and regional priorities, and should result in representation of both remote shorelines impacted by distant-source marine litter and shorelines impacted by more local sources. Results of any Arctic shoreline litter surveys should be made regularly available either through publications which include data sets, and/or accessible databases to promote regional comparisons and trend analysis across the pan-Arctic.
Unleashing the Power of Deep Learning
Authors: Sze Vivienne 
Published: June 2023

The
Communications
website, https://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Vivienne Sze on how to take greatest advantage of deep learning systems.
Derivation of a Protein Risk Score for Cardiovascular Disease Among a Multiracial and Multiethnic HIV+ Cohort
Authors: Safo Sandra E. , Haine Lillian , Baker Jason , Reilly Cavan , Duprez Daniel , Neaton James D. , Jain Mamta K. , Arenas‐Pinto Alejandro , Polizzotto Mark , Staub Therese ,   for the ESPRIT, INSIGHT FIRST, SMART and START study groups
Published: June 2023

Background
Cardiovascular disease risk prediction models underestimate CVD risk in people living with HIV (PLWH). Our goal is to derive a risk score based on protein biomarkers that could be used to predict CVD in PLWH.

Methods and Results
In a matched case–control study, we analyzed normalized protein expression data for participants enrolled in 1 of 4 trials conducted by INSIGHT (International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials). We used dimension reduction, variable selection and resampling methods, and multivariable conditional logistic regression models to determine candidate protein biomarkers and to generate a protein score for predicting CVD in PLWH. We internally validated our findings using bootstrap. A protein score that was derived from 8 proteins (including HGF [hepatocyte growth factor] and interleukin‐6) was found to be associated with an increased risk of CVD after adjustment for CVD and HIV factors (odds ratio: 2.17 [95% CI: 1.58–2.99]). The protein score improved CVD prediction when compared with predicting CVD risk using the individual proteins that comprised the protein score. Individuals with a protein score above the median score were 3.10 (95% CI, 1.83–5.41) times more likely to develop CVD than those with a protein score below the median score.

Conclusions
A panel of blood biomarkers may help identify PLWH at a high risk for developing CVD. If validated, such a score could be used in conjunction with established factors to identify CVD at‐risk individuals who might benefit from aggressive risk reduction, ultimately shedding light on CVD pathogenesis in PLWH.
Canagliflozin, Blood Pressure Variability, and Risk of Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Mortality Outcomes: Pooled Individual Participant Data From the CANVAS and CREDENCE Trials
Authors: Fletcher Robert A. , Arnott Clare , Rockenschaub Patrick , Schutte Aletta E. , Carpenter Lewis , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Agarwal Rajiv , Bakris George , Chang Tara I. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Jardine Meg J. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Neal Bruce , Pollock Carol , Jun Min , Rodgers Anthony , Perkovic Vlado , Neuen Brendon L. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP), but whether they affect SBP variability is unknown. There also remains uncertainty regarding the prognostic value of SBP variability for different clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results
Using individual participant data from the CANVAS (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study) Program and CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial, we assessed the effect of canagliflozin on SBP variability in people with type 2 diabetes across 4 study visits over 1.5 years as measured by standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and variability independent of the mean. We used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate associations of SBP variability with cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality outcomes. In 11 551 trial participants, canagliflozin modestly lowered the standard deviation of SBP variability (−0.25 mm Hg [95% CI, –0.44 to −0.06]), but there was no effect on coefficient of variation (0.02% [95% CI, –0.12 to 0.16]) or variability independent of the mean (0.08 U [95% CI, –0.11 to 0.26]) when adjusting for correlation with mean SBP. Each 1 standard deviation increase in standard deviation of SBP variability was independently associated with higher risk of hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19 [95% CI, 1.02–1.38]) and all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01–1.25]), with consistent results observed for coefficient of variation and variability independent of the mean. Increases in SBP variability were not associated with kidney outcomes.

Conclusions
In people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk or with chronic kidney disease, higher visit‐to‐visit SBP variability is independently associated with risks of hospitalization for heart failure and all‐cause mortality. Canagliflozin has little to no effect on SBP variability, independent of its established SBP‐lowering effect.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT01032629, NCT01989754, NCT02065791.