bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnetic domain configuration on read-back amplitude variations in inductive film heads (abstract)
Authors: Kasiraj P. , Holmes R. D. 
Published: July 2002

Narrow track width, high-performance inductive film heads exhibit a noise phenomenon in which the read-back peak amplitude varies after writing with the head. This noise phenomenon was studied in 6- to 8-μm track width, 31-turn double layered coil, film heads using a scanning Kerr effect microscope. These heads, made from electroplated permalloy films with a magnetostrictive coefficient of − 1.6 × 10−6, were specially selected for the study to have varying levels of read-back amplitude variation by using the percent variation in the peak amplitude after repeated writes as a quantitative noise figure. A statistical sampling method was used to quantitatively measure the magnetic domain patterns in the top NiFe layer of the heads under simulated operating conditions. Quantitative correlation was found between the read-back variation and the magnetization orientation in the narrow-sloped pole region. The images show that a single 180° domain wall orientated longitudinally to the flux conduction direction in the narrow pole piece is the major source of read-back variation in these types of heads. The statistical sampling method shows that the pole domain configurations are reproducible in both the low-noise and high-noise heads. Patterned NiFe films on planar alumina substrates have the desired transverse oriented 180° domain wall configuration in the pole-shaped region, as found in the low-noise heads.
These results imply that the variation of the domain configuration in the pole region is caused by easy axis reorientation due to variation in the stress-induced magnetic anisotropy in that region. We also find that the read-back noise is not sensitive to the longitudinal 180° walls found near the back closure region of the heads. This is probably due to the lower flux densities found in the back closure as compared to the pole region and the existence of other flux paths that circumvent the domain walls in the back closure region. We conclude that read-back distortion noise in 6-μm track width heads can be drastically reduced by maintaining a transverse magnetic easy axis in the sloped pole piece by either employing fabrication methods that control the stress state of the pole region or by using very small magnetostriction values in the NiFe films.1
Identification of a Transactivation Motif in the CLN3 Protein
Authors: Leung K. Y. , Greene N. D. E. , Munroe P. B. , Mole S. E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA transactivation motif has been identified in the neurodegenerative disease protein, CLN3. The C‐terminal domain (residues 394‐438) of CLN3 can function as a transcriptional activator when fused to the DNA binding domain, LexA. A series of deletion and substitution constructs have been generated to identify the essential region for transactivation. A similar motif is also present in the POU domain transcription factor, nubbin. However, this domain alone does not activate transcription, allowing further localisation of the critical residues in CLN3 required for activity.
A Novel 14-Kilodalton Protein Interacts with the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Scaffold Mp1 on a Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Compartment
Authors: Wunderlich Winfried , Fialka Irene , Teis David , Alpi Arno , Pfeifer Andrea , Parton Robert G. , Lottspeich Friedrich , Huber Lukas A. 
Published: July 2002

We have identified a novel, highly conserved protein of 14 kD copurifying with late endosomes/lysosomes on density gradients. The protein, now termed p14, is peripherally associated with the cytoplasmic face of late endosomes/lysosomes in a variety of different cell types.In a two-hybrid screen with p14 as a bait, we identified the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) scaffolding protein MAPK/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) partner 1 (MP1) as an interacting protein. We confirmed the specificity of this interaction in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and by coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation on glycerol gradients, and colocalization. Moreover, expression of a plasma membrane–targeted p14 causes mislocalization of coexpressed MP1. In addition, we could reconstitute protein complexes containing the p14–MP1 complex associated with ERK and MEK in vitro.The interaction between p14 and MP1 suggests a MAPK scaffolding activity localized to the cytoplasmic surface of late endosomes/lysosomes, thereby combining catalytic scaffolding and subcellular compartmentalization as means to modulate MAPK signaling within a cell.
An analysis of the Protein Data Bank in search of temporal and global trends.
Authors: Weissig H , Bourne P E 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Biological databases, with their rapidly expanding contents, are indispensable tools in the quest to understand more about biological function. However, a serious user of a database that comprises a large collection of data, collected over a long period, will likely be struck by the inconsistency in reporting individual items of data. This paper takes a critical look at the Protein Data Bank (PDB) to explore the seriousness of the problem in one particular data set and to explore the implications to those actively engaged in comparative analysis of these data. RESULTS: Averaged over the complete corpus, the stereochemical quality of atomic models has, in the past few years, moved towards ideal values. At the same time, there are inconsistencies in how data are reported. Water content is not reported consistently and the percent of data collected when reporting the high-resolution shell varies, detracting from the value of resolution as a yardstick for assessing the quality of a structure. A more detailed analysis of these inconsistencies is hampered by the lack of machine-readable experimental data. To the user of macromolecular structure data, this suggests that structural details beyond the standard quality measures of resolution and R value should be considered when using coordinate sets for further derivation or in inferring biological function. To the curators of the PDB, this suggests the need to capture more of the experimental data associated with the experiment in a way that permits straightforward parsing.
Probing the surface of a sweet protein: NMR study of MNEI with a paramagnetic probe
Authors: Niccolai Neri , Spadaccini Roberta , Scarselli Maria , Bernini Andrea , Crescenzi Orlando , Spiga Ottavia , Ciutti Arianna , Di Maro Daniela , Bracci Luisa , Dalvit Claudio , Temussi Piero A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe design of safe sweeteners is very important for people who are affected by diabetes, hyperlipemia, and caries and other diseases that are linked to the consumption of sugars. Sweet proteins, which are found in several tropical plants, are many times sweeter than sucrose on a molar basis. A good understanding of their structure–function relationship can complement traditional SAR studies on small molecular weight sweeteners and thus help in the design of safe sweeteners. However, there is virtually no sequence homology and very little structural similarity among known sweet proteins. Studies on mutants of monellin, the best characterized of sweet proteins, proved not decisive in the localization of the main interaction points of monellin with its receptor. Accordingly, we resorted to an unbiased approach to restrict the search of likely areas of interaction on the surface of a typical sweet protein. It has been recently shown that an accurate survey of the surface of proteins by appropriate paramagnetic probes may locate interaction points on protein surface. Here we report the survey of the surface of MNEI, a single chain monellin, by means of a paramagnetic probe, and a direct assessment of bound water based on an application of ePHOGSY, an NMR experiment that is ideally suited to detect interactions of small ligands to a protein. Detailed surface mapping reveals the presence, on the surface of MNEI, of interaction points that include residues previously predicted by ELISA tests and by mutagenesis.
Peripheral Auditory Function in Tanzanian Children Living With HIV With Clinically Normal Hearing
Authors: Niemczak Christopher E. , Ealer Christin , Fellows Abigail , Magohe Albert , Gui Jiang , Rieke Catherine , Nicol Trent , Massawe Enica R. , Kraus Nina , Buckey Jay C. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceDespite normal audiometry, adults living with HIV have lower distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) compared with HIV-negative controls, but the degree of these differences in children living with HIV is unknown. If subclinical auditory deficits are present, results could affect developmental outcomes in children living with HIV (CLWH).ObjectiveTo compare DPOAEs and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) between 2 age- and sex-matched groups of younger children with normal audiometry, 1 infected with HIV and the other uninfected.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study in an infectious disease center in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants included 340 Tanzanian children aged 3 to 9 years with clinically normal hearing, type A tympanograms bilaterally, and air-conduction thresholds of 20 dB HL or less from 0.5 to 8 kHz. Participants in the cohort repeated testing approximately every 6 months (approximately 2.2 sessions per participant) for a total of 744 total observations. Data were analyzed from March 2020 to January 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDPOAE amplitudes from 1.5 to 8 kHz using an f2 to f1 ratio of 1.2 and L1/L2 values of 65/55 dB sound pressure level and click-evoked ABR using a slow (21.1/s) and fast (61.1/s) click rate.ResultsA total of 141 CLWH (70 female participants [49.3%]; mean [SD] age, 7.24 [1.67] years) and 199 HIV-negative individuals (99 female participants [49.7%]; mean [SD] age, 7.26 [1.44] years) participated in the study. The groups did not differ significantly in age, static immittance, or air-conduction thresholds. HIV status was independently associated with approximately 1.4 dB (95% CI, −3.28 to 0.30 dB) to 3.8 dB (95% CI, 6.03 to −1.99 dB) lower DPOAE amplitudes at 6 and 8 kHz bilaterally and 0.28 μV (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.33 μV) lower ABR wave V amplitudes in the right ear.Conclusions and RelevanceConsistent with previous findings in young adults, CLWH had slightly, but reliably, lower DPOAEs and ABR wave V amplitudes than HIV-negative controls. The magnitude of these differences was small, but results suggest an early and consistent association between HIV infection or treatment and outer hair cell and auditory brainstem responses in children as young as 3 years. These subclinical changes suggest tracking both auditory function and development outcomes in CLWH is warranted.
Dynamic Stabilization of Metastable States in Triple‐Well Ferroelectric Sn2P2S6
Authors: Neumayer Sabine M. , Bauer Nora , Basun Sergey , Conner Benjamin S. , Susner Michael A. , Lavrentovich Maxim O. , Maksymovych Petro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolarization dynamics in ferroelectric materials is governed by the effective potential energy landscape of the order parameter. The unique aspect of ferroelectrics compared to many other transitions is the possibility of more than two potential wells, leading to complicated energy landscapes with new fundamental and functional properties. Here, direct dynamic evidence is revealed of a triple‐well potential in the metal thiophosphate Sn2P2S6 compound using multivariate scanning probe microscopy combined with theoretical simulations. The key finding is that the metastable zero polarization state can be accessed through a gradual switching process and is stabilized over a broad range of electric fields. Simulations confirm that the observed zero polarization state originates from a kinetic stabilization of the nonpolar state of the triple‐well, as opposed to domain walls. Dynamically, the triple‐well of Sn2P2S6 becomes equivalent to antiferroelectric hysteresis loops. Therefore, this material combines the robust and well‐defined domain structure of a proper ferroelectric with dynamic hysteresis loops present in antiferroelectrics. Moreover, the triple‐well enhances mem‐capacitive effects in Sn2P2S6, which are forbidden for ideal double‐well ferroelectrics. These findings provide a path to tunable electronic elements for beyond binary high‐density computing devices and neuromorphic circuits based on dynamic properties of the triple‐well.
Experimental Demonstration of In‐Memory Computing in a Ferrofluid System
Authors: Crepaldi Marco , Mohan Charanraj , Garofalo Erik , Adamatzky Andrew , Szaciłowski Konrad , Chiolerio Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMagnetic fluids are excellent candidates for several important research fields including energy harvesting, biomedical applications, soft robotics, and exploration. However, notwithstanding relevant advancements such as shape reconfigurability, that have been demonstrated, there is no evidence for their computing capability, including the emulation of synaptic functions, which requires complex non‐linear dynamics. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated that a Fe3O4 water‐based ferrofluid (FF) can perform electrical analogue computing and be programmed using quasi direct current (DC) signals and read at radio frequency (RF) mode. Features have been observed in all respects attributable to a memristive behavior, featuring both short and long‐term information storage capacity and plasticity. The colloid is capable of classifying digits of a 8 × 8 pixel dataset using a custom in‐memory signal processing scheme, and through physical reservoir computing by training a readout layer. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of in‐memory computing using an amorphous FF system in a liquid aggregation state. This work poses the basis for the exploitation of a FF colloid as both an in‐memory computing device and as a full‐electric liquid computer thanks to its fluidity and the reported complex dynamics, via probing read‐out and programming ports.
Colorful Electrochromic Displays with High Visual Quality Based on Porous Metamaterials
Authors: Li Yaowu , Sun Peiyan , Chen Jian , Zha Xiuling , Tang Xueqing , Chen Zhiwei , Zhang Yanan , Cong Shan , Geng Fengxia , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe introduction of metamaterials into electrochromic (EC) displays has recently inspired a great breakthrough in the EC field, as this can offer a variety of new attractive features, from a very wide gamut of colors to very fast switching times. However, such metamaterial‐based EC displays still face significant constraints when developing from single electrodes to full devices, because other supportive components in devices, such as counter electrodes and electrolytes, significantly affect light propagation and the subsequent perceived color quality in metamaterial‐based EC devices. Herein, a new, cost‐effective device design structured around a new type of porous metamaterial is reported to circumvent the critical problem in metamaterial‐based EC displays. Owing to its unique design, the metamaterial‐based EC device achieves good color quality with no drop in brightness or shift in color chromaticity when compared with a single electrode. Moreover, the porous‐metamaterial‐based EC device can exhibit non‐iridescence and be viewed from a wide range of angles (5°–85°) and has fast switching response (2.4 and 2.5 s for coloration and bleaching, respectively), excellent cycling performance (at least 2000 cycles), and extremely low power consumption (4.0 mW cm−2).
Doping by Design: Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of GeSe Alloys Through Metavalent Bonding
Authors: Yu Yuan , Zhou Chongjian , Ghosh Tanmoy , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Zhou Yiming , Wahl Sophia , Raghuwanshi Mohit , Kerres Peter , Bellin Christophe , Shukla Abhay , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDoping is usually the first step to tailor thermoelectrics. It enables precise control of the charge‐carrier concentration and concomitant transport properties. Doping should also turn GeSe, which features an intrinsically a low carrier concentration, into a competitive thermoelectric. Yet, elemental doping fails to improve the carrier concentration. In contrast, alloying with Ag–V–VI2 compounds causes a remarkable enhancement of thermoelectric performance. This advance is closely related to a transition in the bonding mechanism, as evidenced by sudden changes in the optical dielectric constant ε∞, the Born effective charge, the maximum of the optical absorption ε2(ω), and the bond‐breaking behavior. These property changes are indicative of the formation of metavalent bonding (MVB), leading to an octahedral‐like atomic arrangement. MVB is accompanied by a thermoelectric‐favorable band structure featuring anisotropic bands with small effective masses and a large degeneracy. A quantum‐mechanical map, which distinguishes different types of chemical bonding, reveals that orthorhombic GeSe employs covalent bonding, while rhombohedral and cubic GeSe utilize MVB. The transition from covalent to MVB goes along with a pronounced improvement in thermoelectric performance. The failure or success of different dopants can be explained by this concept, which redefines doping rules and provides a “treasure map” to tailor p‐bonded chalcogenides.
Chiral Metafilms and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering for Enantiomeric Discrimination of Helicoid Nanoparticles
Authors: Kartau Martin , Skvortsova Anastasia , Tabouillot Victor , Chaubey Shailendra K , Bainova Polina , Kumar Rahul , Burtsev Vasilii , Svorcik Vaclav , Gadegaard Nikolaj , Im Sang Won , Urbanova Marie , Lyutakov Oleksiy , Kadodwala Malcolm , Karimullah Affar S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChiral nanophotonic platforms provide a means of creating near fields with both enhanced asymmetric properties and intensities. They can be exploited for optical measurements that allow enantiomeric discrimination at detection levels > 6 orders of magnitude than is achieved with conventional chirally sensitive spectroscopic methods based on circularly polarized light. Here it is shown that surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is such a local probe of the near field environment. It is used to achieve enantiomeric discrimination of chiral helicoid nanoparticles deposited on left‐ and right‐handed enantiomorphs of a chiral metafilm using an achiral molecule as a probe. “Hotter” electromagnetic (EM) hotspots are created for matched combinations of helicoid and metafilms (left‐left and right‐right), while mismatched combinations leads to significantly “cooler” electromagnetic hotspots. This large enantiomeric dependency on hotspot intensity is readily detected using SERS with the aid of an achiral Raman reporter molecule. In effect SERS is used to distinguish between the different EM environments of the plasmonic diastereomers produced by mixing chiral nanoparticles and metafilms. The work demonstrates that by combining chiral nanophotonic platforms with established SERS strategies new avenues in ultrasensitive chiral detection can be opened.
A Goldilocks Approach to Water Management: Hydrochannel Porous Transport Layers for Unitized Reversible Fuel Cells
Authors: Komini Babu Siddharth , Yilmaz Abdurrahman , Uddin Md Aman , LaManna Jacob , Baltic Eli , Jacobson David L. , Pasaogullari Ugur , Spendelow Jacob S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work presents a novel porous transport layer (PTL), the hydrochannel PTL, that enables improved water management and record high round trip efficiency in unitized reversible fuel cells (URFCs). URFCs require rapid transport of O2 and H2O to provide high performance in both fuel cell and water electrolyzer operation, but cell design is complicated by conflicting water management requirements: electrolyzers perform best with high liquid water saturation, whereas fuel cells perform best when liquid water saturation is as low as possible while still maintaining effective ionomer hydration. The hydrochannel PTL circumvents this obstacle by providing hydrophilic channels for water transport through an otherwise hydrophobic PTL, enabling optimal performance in both fuel cell and water electrolyzer modes. Neutron radiography measurements of water content in both operating modes confirm that the hydrochannel PTL enables high performance due to its improved water management capabilities.
Coaching the coach: A randomized controlled study of a novel curriculum for procedural coaching during intubation
Authors: Miller Kelsey A. , Auerbach Marc , Bin Steven S. , Donoghue Aaron , Kerrey Benjamin T. , Mittiga Matthew R. , D'Ambrosi Gabrielle , Monuteaux Michael C. , Marchese Ashley , Nagler Joshua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundVideolaryngoscopy allows real‐time procedural coaching during intubation. This study sought to develop and assess an online curriculum to train pediatric emergency medicine attending physicians to deliver procedural coaching during intubation.MethodsCurriculum development consisted of semistructured interviews with 12 pediatric emergency medicine attendings with varying levels of airway expertise analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Following development, the curriculum was implemented and assessed through a multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolling participants in one of three cohorts: the coaching module, unnarrated video recordings of intubations, and a module on ventilator management. Participants completed identical pre and post assessments asking them to select the correct coaching feedback and provided reactions for qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsContent from interviews was synthesized into a video‐enhanced 15‐min online coaching module illustrating proper technique for intubation and strategies for procedural coaching. Eighty‐seven of 104 randomized physicians enrolled in the curriculum; 83 completed the pre and post assessments (80%). The total percentage correct did not differ between pre and post assessments for any cohort. Participants receiving the coaching module demonstrated improved performance on patient preparation, made more suggestions for improvement, and experienced a greater increase in confidence in procedural coaching. Qualitative analysis identified multiple benefits of the module, revealed that exposure to video recordings without narration is insufficient, and identified feedback on suggestions for improvement as an opportunity for deliberate practice.ConclusionsThis study leveraged clinical and educational digital technology to develop a curriculum dedicated to the content expertise and coaching skills needed to provide feedback during intubations performed with videolaryngoscopy. This brief curriculum changed behavior in simulated coaching scenarios but would benefit from additional support for deliberate practice.