bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are foreign‐born CEOs held to a higher performance standard? The role of national origin in CEO dismissals
Authors: Thams Yannick , Rickley Marketa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryForeign‐born chief executive officers (CEOs) are increasingly common in US corporations. However, little is known about whether they are held to the same performance standard as native‐born CEOs. We examine whether CEO national origin moderates the relationship between firm performance and CEO dismissal. Drawing on social identity and attribution theories, we argue that CEO foreignness becomes more salient when firm performance is poor, increasing foreign‐born CEOs' dismissal likelihood. Using a large sample of US firms, we find that at low levels of performance, the dismissal probability for foreign‐born CEOs is 15.96% compared to 4.02% for native‐born CEOs. While the increase in foreign‐born CEOs in US corporations may reflect the declining importance of national origin for C‐suite appointments, boards' evaluations of these “elite migrants” may be biased.Managerial SummaryForeign‐born leaders are increasingly common in US C‐suites and currently manage several global firms, including Google, Microsoft, and Pepsi. But, once hired, are foreign‐ and native‐born CEOs evaluated uniformly by corporate boards? Given that CEOs are more likely to be dismissed when firm performance is low, we compare dismissal likelihoods for foreign‐ and native‐born CEOs when performance is subpar. Using a sample of 11,947 observations from firms in the Standard & Poor's 1500, we find significant disparities in the dismissal likelihoods between the two groups. At low levels of performance and ceteris paribus, the dismissal likelihood for a foreign‐born CEO is 15.96% compared to 4.02% for a native‐born CEO, highlighting biases relating to foreign origin in CEO evaluations.
Human resource attendance mechanism based on the internet of things: A method based on data fusion
Authors: Wu Qiong , Shen Ying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of Internet of Things technology makes people need to deal with an increasing amount of data, which brings the poor data quality, fast data generation speed and other problems. These problems have become one of the main obstacles restricting the development of human resource attendance. At present, data fusion methods as important methods in data fusion technology. This article fully utilizes human resource attendance data and proposes the LSTM‐Attention data fusion method. This method uses LSTM to model the data, extract potential features of the data, and filter out meaningful data in the human resource attendance mechanism through the Attention mechanism to achieve data fusion. Finally, experimental results in this article showed that the LSTM‐Attention data fusion method designed in this article has higher prediction accuracy. It fully mines the correlation between data, and further improves the accuracy of analysis and prediction in the human resource attendance mechanism based on the Internet of Things.
Modeling and optimization of biodiesel from high free‐fatty‐acid chicken fat by non‐catalytic esterification and mussel‐shell‐catalyzed transesterification
Authors: Rashid Israa M , Abdulwahab Yussur D , Mohammed Alaa Kareem , Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam , Jassam Bushra A 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, biodiesel was prepared from chicken fat via a transesterification reaction using Mussel shells as a catalyst. Pretreatment of chicken fat was carried out using non‐catalytic esterification to reduce the free fatty acid content from 36.28 to 0.96 mg KOH/g oil using an ethanol/ fat mole ratio equal to 115:1. In the transesterification reaction, the studied variables were methanol: oil mole ratio in the range of (6:1 ‐ 30:1), catalyst loading in the range of (9‐15) wt%, reaction temperature (55‐75 °C), and reaction time (1‐7) h. The heterogeneous alkaline catalyst was greenly synthesized from waste mussel shells throughout a calcination process at different calcination times of (1‐5) h and temperatures of (700‐900) °C. The catalyst was characterized using BET, SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR.RESULTSIn the transesterification reaction, the best values of the studied parameters were: 21:1 methanol: oil molar ratio, 12 wt% catalyst loading, 5 h reaction time, and 63°C reaction temperature, which gave 96.2% methyl esters content. For catalyst synthesis, it was found that the optimum calcination conditions were 900 °C and 3 h, which resulted in a specific surface area of 10.5 m2/g and a large pore volume of 0.0033 cm3/g.CONCLUSIONA calcium oxide catalyst was successfully prepared from mussel shells. This catalyst was used to transesterify the chicken fat into biodiesel. The prepared catalyst exhibited a high active surface area and a pore volume, confirming that the CaO catalyst produced from waste mussel shells worked effectively, steadily, and affordably to produce renewable biodiesel. The best working conditions for the transesterification reaction were determined using the central Composite Design method (CCD). © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Should genes for non‐syndromic hearing loss be included in reproductive genetic carrier screening: Views of people with a personal or family experience of deafness
Authors: Freeman Lucinda , Bristowe Lisa , Kirk Edwin P. , Delatycki Martin B. , Scully Jackie Leach 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany commercial reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) panels include genes associated with non‐syndromic hearing loss (NSHL), however little is known about the general acceptability of their inclusion. Although some couples wish to avoid having a deaf child, there are effective interventions and supports available for deafness, and no consensus on whether it is appropriate to reproductively screen NSHL genes. This study explored views of people with personal experience of deafness regarding carrier screening for genes associated with NSHL. We interviewed 27 participants; 14 who identified as deaf and 13 hearing parents of a deaf child. Thematic analysis was undertaken on transcripts of interviews. The findings reveal the complexity of attitudes within these groups. Some vacillated between the wish to support prospective parents' reproductive autonomy and concerns about potential harms, especially the expression of negative messages about deafness and the potential loss of acceptance in society. While some participants felt carrier screening could help prospective parents to prepare for a deaf child, there was little support for reproductive screening and termination of pregnancy. Participants emphasized the need for accurate information about the lived experience of deafness. The majority felt deafness is not as severe as other conditions included in RGCS, and most do not consider deafness as a disability. People with personal experience of deafness have diverse attitudes towards RGCS for deafness informed by their own identify and experience, and many have concerns about how it should be discussed and implemented in a population wide RGCS program.
Availability of screening and treatment for common mental disorders in HIV clinic settings: data from the global International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, 2016–2017 and 2020
Authors: Parcesepe Angela M. , Stockton Melissa , Remch Molly , Wester C. William , Bernard Charlotte , Ross Jeremy , Haas Andreas D. , Ajeh Rogers , Althoff Keri N. , Enane Leslie , Pape William , Minga Albert , Kwobah Edith , Tlali Mpho , Tanuma Junko , Nsonde Dominique , Freeman Aimee , Duda Stephany N. , Nash Denis , Lancaster Kathryn ,   the IeDEA Consortium
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionCommon mental disorders (CMDs) are highly prevalent among people with HIV. Integrating mental healthcare into HIV care may improve mental health and HIV treatment outcomes. We describe the reported availability of screening and treatment for depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at global HIV treatment centres participating in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium in 2020 and changes in availability at sites in low‐ or middle‐income countries (LMICs) between 2016/2017 and 2020.MethodsIn 2020, 238 sites contributing individual‐level data to the IeDEA Consortium and in 2016/2017 a stratified random sample of IeDEA sites in LMICs were eligible to participate in site surveys on the availability of screening and treatment for CMDs. We assessed trends over time for 68 sites across 27 LMICs that participated in both surveys.ResultsAmong the 238 sites eligible to participate in the 2020 site survey, 227 (95%) participated, and mental health screening and treatment data were available for 223 (98%) sites across 41 countries. A total of 95 sites across 29 LMICs completed the 2016/2017 survey. In 2020, 68% of sites were in urban settings, and 77% were in LMICs. Overall, 50%, 14% and 12% of sites reported screening with a validated instrument for depression, anxiety and PTSD, respectively. Screening plus treatment in the form of counselling was available for depression, anxiety and PTSD at 46%, 13% and 11% of sites, respectively. Screening plus treatment in the form of medication was available for depression, anxiety and PTSD at 36%, 11% and 8% of sites, respectively. Among sites that participated in both surveys, screening for depression was more commonly available in 2020 than 2016/2017 (75% vs. 59%, respectively,p= 0.048).ConclusionsReported availability of screening for depression increased among this group of IeDEA sites in LMICs between 2016/2017 and 2020. However, substantial gaps persist in the availability of mental healthcare at HIV treatment sites across global settings, particularly in resource‐constrained settings. Implementation of sustainable strategies to integrate mental health services into HIV care is needed.
Salt effects on the reactivity for ligand substitution reactions of [Ru(CN)5OH2]3−anion with two naphthalene substituted ligands (nitroso‐R‐salt and α‐nitroso‐β‐naphthol) in presence of Tetrapropylammonium bromide (Pr4NBr) and Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Authors: Yadav Rupal , Srivastava Abhishek , Singh Ruchi , Naik Radhey Mohan , Yadav Shiv Bali Singh , Pandey Pradeep Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe kinetics of the ligand exchange reaction between aquapentacyanoruthenate(II) [Ru(CN)5OH2]3−ion and naphthalene substituted ligands [α‐nitroso‐β‐naphthol (αNβN), and nitroso‐R‐salt (NRS)] has been studied in aqueous salt solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) or tetrapropylammonium bromide (Pr4NBr) salt. The kinetics was monitored spectrophotometrically at 525 nm corresponding to the λmaxof reddish‐brown‐colored substituted products, [Ru(CN)5(αNβN)]3−or [Ru(CN)5(NRS)]3−. Increasing the ionic strength of the reaction mixture using NaCl, exerted a negative salt effect on the rate of formation of naphthalene‐substituted products. At the same time, an increment in the concentration of Pr4NBr imparted a positive salt effect on the reaction. The observed rate constant (kobs) exhibits linear increment with respect to the concentration of NRS or αNβN while remaining invariant with variation in [Ru(CN)5OH2]3−. The computed activation parameters for NRS (∆H# = 24.55 kJ mol−1,Ea = 27.03 kJ mol−1, ∆G# = 87.83 kJ mol−1, and ∆S# = – 212.5 J K−1 mol−1) and αNβN ((∆H# = 17.33 kJ mol−1,Ea = 19.81 kJ mol−1, ∆G# = 87.87 kJ mol−1, and ∆S# = – 236.7 J K−1 mol−1) also support the proposed mechanism.
Digital Light Processing 3D Bioprinting of Gelatin‐Norbornene Hydrogel for Enhanced Vascularization
Authors: Duong Van Thuy , Lin Chien‐Chi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) bioprinting can be used to fabricate volumetric scaffolds with intricate internal structures, such as perfusable vascular channels. The successful implementation of DLP bioprinting in tissue fabrication requires using suitable photo‐reactive bioinks. Norbornene‐based bioinks have emerged as an attractive alternative to (meth)acrylated macromers in 3D bioprinting owing to their mild and rapid reaction kinetics, high cytocompatibility for in situ cell encapsulation, and adaptability for post‐printing modification or conjugation of bioactive motifs. In this contribution, the development of gelatin‐norbornene (GelNB) is reported as a photo‐cross‐linkable bioink for DLP 3D bioprinting. Low concentrations of GelNB (2–5 wt.%) and poly(ethylene glycol)‐tetra‐thiol (PEG4SH) are DLP‐printed with a wide range of stiffness (G' ≈120 to 4000 Pa) and with perfusable channels. DLP‐printed GelNB hydrogels are highly cytocompatible, as demonstrated by the high viability of the encapsulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The encapsulated HUVECs formed an interconnected microvascular network with lumen structures. Notably, the GelNB bioink permitted both in situ tethering and secondary conjugation of QK peptide, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐mimetic peptide. Incorporation of QK peptide significantly improved endothelialization and vasculogenesis of the DLP‐printed GelNB hydrogels, reinforcing the applicability of this bioink system in diverse biofabrication applications.
Enhanced Maturation of 3D Bioprinted Skeletal Muscle Tissue Constructs Encapsulating Soluble Factor‐Releasing Microparticles
Authors: de Barros Natan Roberto , Darabi Mohammad Ali , Ma Xin , Diltemiz Sibel Emir , Ermis Menekse , Hassani Najafabadi Alireza , Nadine Sara , Banton Ethan A. , Mandal Kalpana , Abbasgholizadeh Reza , Falcone Natashya , Mano João F. , Nasiri Rohollah , Herculano Rondinelli Donizetti , Zhu Yangzhi , Ostrovidov Serge , Lee Junmin , Kim Han‐Jun , Hosseini Vahid , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Ahadian Samad , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeveral microfabrication technologies have been used to engineer native‐like skeletal muscle tissues. However, the successful development of muscle remains a significant challenge in the tissue engineering field. Muscle tissue engineering aims to combine muscle precursor cells aligned within a highly organized 3D structure and biological factors crucial to support cell differentiation and maturation into functional myotubes and myofibers. In this study, the use of 3D bioprinting is proposed for the fabrication of muscle tissues using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) incorporating sustained insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1)‐releasing microparticles and myoblast cells. This study hypothesizes that functional and mature myotubes will be obtained more efficiently using a bioink that can release IGF‐1 sustainably for in vitro muscle engineering. Synthesized microfluidic‐assisted polymeric microparticles demonstrate successful adsorption of IGF‐1 and sustained release of IGF‐1 at physiological pH for at least 21 days. Incorporating the IGF‐1‐releasing microparticles in the GelMA bioink assisted in promoting the alignment of myoblasts and differentiation into myotubes. Furthermore, the myotubes show spontaneous contraction in the muscle constructs bioprinted with IGF‐1‐releasing bioink. The proposed bioprinting strategy aims to improve the development of new therapies applied to the regeneration and maturation of muscle tissues.
Amphiphilic Zwitterionic Bioderived Block Copolymers from Glutamic Acid and Cholesterol – Ability to Form Nanoparticles and Serve as Vectors for the Delivery of 6‐Mercaptopurine
Authors: Leiske Meike N. , Kuenneth Christopher , De Breuck Jonas , De Geest Bruno G. , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, the straightforward synthesis of amphiphilic zwitterionic bioderived block copolymers (BCPs) using glutamic acid (Glu) and cholesterol (Chol) as building blocks are reported. The previously established Glu‐derivative NBoc‐Glu‐OtBu‐methacrylate (NBoc‐Glu‐OtBu‐MA) serves as hydrophobic precursor for the zwitterionic block, while a mostly unexplored cholesteryl‐derived methacrylate monomer (Chol‐MA) with increased side chain flexibility functions as the hydrophobic block. In the first step, NBoc‐Glu‐OtBu‐MA is polymerized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Afterward, the linear polymer is chain‐extended with Chol‐MA, yielding P(NBoc‐Glu‐OtBu‐MA)n‐b‐(Chol‐MA)m BCPs with varying block ratios. After deprotection under acidic conditions, polymers with a block weight ratio of 87:13 (Glu‐OH‐MA:Chol‐MA) readily assemble into polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of a desirable size below 100 nm diameter, making them good candidates for biomedical applications. The experimental results are supported using computations of the partition coefficients and machine learning models for the prediction of the polymer densities of the different BCPs. In addition, high (up to 20 wt.%) loading of the hydrophobic anti‐cancer drug 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) is achieved in these NPs during the assembly process. The cytostatic activity of 6‐MP NPs is demonstrated in vitro on MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. These results emphasize the potential of amphiphilic zwitterionic bioderived NPs for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs.
Engineering Nanotrap Hydrogel for Immune Modulation in Wound Healing
Authors: Yang Xiguang , Guo Dandan , Ji Xiaotian , Shi Changying , Luo Juntao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImbalanced immune regulation leads to the abnormal wound healing process, e.g., chronic unhealing wound or hypertrophic scar formation. Thus, the attenuation of the overflowing inflammatory factors is a viable approach to maintain the homeostatic immune regulation to facilitate normal wound healing. A versatile telodendrimer (TD) nanotrap (NT) platform is developed for efficient biomolecular protein binding. The conjugation of TD NT in size‐exclusive biocompatible hydrogel resin allows for topical application for cytokine scavenging. Fine‐tuning the TD NT density/valency in hydrogel resin controls resin swelling, optimizes molecular diffusion, and improves cytokine capture for effective immune modulation. The hydrogel with reduced TD NT density allows for higher protein/cytokine adsorption capacity with faster kinetics, due to the reduced barrier of TD NT nano‐assembly. The positively charged TD NT hydrogel exhibits superior removal of negatively charged proinflammatory cytokines from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a potent endotoxin) primed immune cell culture medium. The negatively charged TD NT hydrogel removes positively charged anti‐inflammatory cytokines efficiently from cell culture medium. TD NT hydrogel effectively constrains the local inflammation induced by subcutaneous LPS injection in mice. These results indicate the great potential applications of the engineered TD NT hydrogel as topical immune modulatory treatments to attenuate local inflammation.
Azobenzene‐Containing Liquid Crystalline Twisted Ribbons via Polymerization‐Induced Hierarchical Self‐Assembly
Authors: Deng Zichao , Sun Yalan , Guan Song , Chen Aihua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly incorporating liquid crystallization, as a polymerization‐induced hierarchical self‐assembly (PIHSA) method to produce polymeric particles with anisotropic morphologies facilely and efficiently, has drawn wide attention recently. However, the means of regulating the morphologies of liquid crystalline (LC) polymer assemblies still need to be explored. Herein, a route is presented to fabricate the twisted ribbons via PIHSA containing azobenzene based on poor reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) control, called poorly controlled PIHSA. Cyano‐4‐(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl pentanoic acid‐2‐(2‐pyridyldithio) ethyl ester is used as the RAFT agent with poor controllability, and the morphological evolution from ribbons to twisted ribbons can be observed in the corresponding PIHSA system. The formation mechanism of the twisted ribbons is studied systematically and the broad molecular weight distribution is considered to be the decisive factor. Moreover, the supramolecular chirality induced by symmetry breaking is also related to the twist of the ribbons. This study enriches the methods of controlling the morphologies of LC polymer particles and is helpful for further clarifying the mechanism of PIHSA.
Spinal cord motion and CSF flow in the cervical spine of 70 healthy participants
Authors: Beltrán Saúl , Reisert Marco , Krafft Axel J. , Frase Sibylle , Mast Hansjoerg , Urbach Horst , Luetzen Niklas , Hohenhaus Marc , Wolf Katharina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPulsatile spinal cord and CSF velocities related to the cardiac cycle can be depicted by phase‐contrast MRI. Among patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, we have recently described relevant differences compared with healthy controls in segment C2/C3. The method might be a promising tool to solve clinical and diagnostic ambiguities. Therefore, it is important to understand the physiological range and the effects of clinical and anatomical parameters in healthy volunteers. Within a prospective study, 3D T2‐weighted MRI for spinal canal anatomy and cardiac‐gated phase‐contrast MRI adapted to CSF flow and spinal cord motion for time‐resolved velocity data and derivatives were performed in 70 participants (age 20–79 years) in segments C2/C3 and C5/C6. Correlations were analyzed by multiple linear regression models; p < 0.01 was required to assume a significant impact of clinical or anatomical data quantified by the regression coefficient B. Data showed that in C2/C3, the CSF and spinal cord craniocaudal velocity ranges were 4.5 ± 0.9 and 0.55 ± 0.15 cm/s; the total displacements were 1.1 ± 0.3 and 0.07 ± 0.02 cm, respectively. The craniocaudal range of the CSF flow rate was 8.6 ± 2.4 mL/s; the CSF stroke volume was 2.1 ± 0.7 mL. In C5/C5, physiological narrowing of the spinal canal caused higher CSF velocity ranges and lower stroke volume (C5/C6 B = +1.64 cm/s, p < 0.001; B = −0.4 mL, p = 0.002, respectively). Aging correlated to lower spinal cord motion (e.g., B = −0.01 cm per 10 years of aging, p < 0.001). Increased diastolic blood pressure was associated with lower spinal cord motion and CSF flow parameters (e.g., C2/C3 CSF stroke volume B = −0.3 mL per 10 mmHg, p < 0.001). Males showed higher CSF flow and spinal cord motion (e.g., CSF stroke volume B = +0.5 mL, p < 0.001; total displacement spinal cord B = +0.016 cm, p = 0.002). We therefore propose to stratify data for age and sex and to adjust for diastolic blood pressure and segmental narrowing in future clinical studies.
Petrov–Galerkin zonal free element method for 2D and 3D mechanical problems
Authors: Xu Bing‐Bing , Gao Xiao‐Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, a novel weak‐form zonal Petrov–Galerkin free element method is proposed for two‐ and three‐dimensional linear mechanical problems. By absorbing the advantages of finite block method and strong‐form finite element method, the block mapping technique is used in the free element method. Combining the characteristics of the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method, the local Petrov–Galerkin formulation based on the zonal free element method is formed at last. Besides, the local integral domain selected in the local collocation element is circular or spherical to simplify programming. The transformation of the local integral domain between the physical and normalized spaces is given for two‐ and three‐dimensional problems. The comparison of accuracy and convergence between the new proposed Petrov–Galerkin method and the conventional methods is carried out. Some challenging examples including fracture mechanics problems and a complex 3D problem are given to validate the convergence and accuracy of the proposed method.