bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image Denoising of Low Dose PET Mouse Scans with Deep Learning: Validation Study for Cross-Tracer Preclinical Imaging Applicability
Authors: Muller Florence Marie , Vervenne Boris , Maebe Jens , Blankemeyer Eric , Sellmyer Mark A. , Zhou Rong , Karp Joel S. , Vanhove Christian , Vandenberghe Stefaan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image quality can be improved by higher injected activity and/or longer acquisition time, but both may often not be practical in preclinical imaging. Common preclinical radioactive doses (10 MBq) have been shown to cause deterministic changes in biological pathways. Reducing the injected tracer activity and/or shortening the scan time inevitably results in low-count acquisitions which poses a challenge because of the inherent noise introduction. We present an image-based deep learning (DL) framework for denoising lower count micro-PET images.
Procedures:
For 36 mice, a 15-min 18F-FDG (8.15 ± 1.34 MBq) PET scan was acquired at 40 min post-injection on the Molecubes b-CUBE (in list mode). The 15-min acquisition (high-count) was parsed into smaller time fractions of 7.50, 3.75, 1.50 and 0.75 mins to emulate images reconstructed at 50, 25, 10 and 5% of the full counts, respectively. A 2D U-Net was trained with mean-squared-error loss on 28 high-low count image pairs.
Results:
The DL algorithms were visually and quantitatively compared to spatial and edge-preserving denoising filters; the DL-based methods effectively removed image noise and recovered image details much better while keeping quantitative (SUV) accuracy. The largest improvement in image quality was seen in the images reconstructed with 10 and 5% of the counts (equivalent to sub-1-MBq or sub-1-min mouse imaging). The DL-based denoising framework was also successfully applied on the NEMA-NU4 phantom and different tracer studies (18F-PSMA, 18F-FAPI and 68Ga-FAPI).
Conclusion:
Visual and quantitative results support the superior performance and robustness in image denoising of the implemented DL models for low statistics micro-PET. This offers tremendous flexibility in optimizing scan protocols with reduced tracer doses or shorter durations.
From Nature to Networks: Harnessing Funnel Dynamics for Effective Intrusion Detection in IoT Environments
Authors: KUMAR NEERAJ , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The rapid evolution of technology and the proliferation of interconnected systems have given rise to an alarming increase in cyber threats. In this context, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have emerged as crucial tools for detecting and mitigating unauthorized access and malicious activities within computer networks. This paper introduces a novel deep learning architecture inspired by the working principle of a funnel for detecting intrusions in IoT networks. The proposed architecture incorporates a feature selection model that leverages the hunting behavior of the yellow saddle goatfish and the swarm behavior of birds. This nature-inspired optimization algorithm enhances the deep learning model's ability to learn high-quality features, thereby improving the intrusion detection rate. Additionally, the proposed approach addresses the challenge of working with diverse environmental datasets by analyzing the identification capabilities for modern attacks separately. The simulation of the proposed framework is conducted using MATLAB software, and performance evaluation is carried out using various performance metrics. The proposed architecture demonstrates improvements of 1.51% for the KDD-CUP99 dataset, 2.87% for the NSL-KDD dataset, and 22.29% for the UNSW-NB15 dataset. These enhancements highlight the efficacy of the proposed architecture in advancing intrusion detection capabilities in IoT networks. The promising results obtained from this study open up several exciting avenues for future research.
Soluble CD14 produced by bovine mammary epithelial cells modulates their response to full length LPS
Authors: Védrine Mégane , Gilbert Florence B. , Maman Sarah , Klopp Christophe , Gitton Christophe , Rainard Pascal , Germon Pierre 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Bovine mastitis remains a major disease in cattle world-wide. In the mammary gland, epithelial cells are sentinels equipped with receptors allowing them to detect and respond to the invasion by bacterial pathogens, in particular Escherichia coli. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major E. coli motif recognized by MEC through its interaction with the TLR4 receptor and the CD14 co-receptor. Previous studies have highlighted the role of soluble CD14 in the efficient recognition of LPS molecules possessing a full-length O-antigen (LPSS). We demonstrate here that MEC are able to secrete CD14 and are likely to contribute to the presence of soluble CD14 in milk. We then investigated how CD14 modulates and is required for the response of MEC to LPSS. This study highlights the key role of soluble CD14 for the full activation of the Myd88-independent pathway by LPSS. We also identified several long non-coding RNA that are activated in MEC in response to LPS, including one lncRNA showing homologies with the mir-99a-let-7c gene (MIR99AHG). Altogether, our results provide detailed information on how milk soluble CD14 can contribute to an efficient recognition of LPS from coliform pathogens.
Rehospitalisation rates after long-term follow-up of patients with severe mental illness admitted for more than one year: A systematic review
Authors: Sato Sayaka , Nakanishi Miharu , Ogawa Makoto , Abe Makiko , Yasuma Naonori , Kono Toshiaki , Igarashi Momoka , Iwanaga Mai , Kawaguchi Takayuki , Yamaguchi Sosei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims
This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of studies on the outcomes of long-term hospitalisation of people with severe mental illness, considering readmission rates as the primary outcome.
Methods
Studies considered were those in which participants were aged between 18 and 64 with severe mental illness; exposure to psychiatric hospitals/wards was long term (more than one year); primary outcomes were readmission rates; secondary outcomes were duration of readmission, employment, schooling, and social participation; and the study design was either observational or interventional with randomised controlled trial (RCT) designs. Searches were conducted using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Japan Medical Abstract Societyfor obtaining the relevant studies. The final search was conducted on 1 February 2022. The risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions was used to assess the methodological quality. A descriptive literature review was then conducted.
Results
Of the 11,999 studies initially searched, three cohort studies (2,293 participants) met the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in these studies was rated as critical or serious. The 1-10 years readmission rate for patients with schizophrenia who had been hospitalised for more than one year ranged from 33% to 55%. Average of readmission durations described in two studies was 70.5 ± 95.6 days per year (in the case of 7.5-year follow-up) and 306 ± 399 days (in the case of a 3–8-year follow-up). None of the studies reported other outcomes defined in this study.
Conclusions
The readmission rates in the included studies varied. Differences in the follow-up period or the intensity of community services might have contributed to this variability. In countries preparing to implement deinstitutionalisation, highly individualised community support should be designed to avoid relocation to residential services under supervision. The length of stay for readmissions was shorter than that for index admissions. The results also imply that discharge to the community contributes to improved clinical outcomes, such as improved social functioning. The validity of retaining patients admitted because of the risk of rehospitalisation was considered low. Future research directions are also discussed.
Proteomic analysis reveals similarity of expression profile in aggregated lymphoid nodules in the abomasum with Peyer’s patches of Bactrian camel
Authors: Cheng Yujiao , Ren Yan , Wang Wenhui , Zhang Wangdong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Aggregated lymphoid nodules area (ALNA) is a distinctive anatomical feature of the abomasum in Bactrian camels, consisting of the reticular mucosal folds region (RMFR) and the longitudinal mucosal folds region (LMFR). ALNA exhibits many of the same characteristics histologically as Peyer's patches (PPs) in the intestinal tract. We analyzed the functional characteristics of ALNA in gastrointestinal mucosal immunity.
Results
We quantified the expressed proteins in ALNA using iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis in six Bactrian camels. In the experiment, we sampled the RMFR and LMFR separately from the ALNA and compared their proteomic quantification results with samples from the PPs. A total of 1790 proteins were identified, among which only 22 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found between RMFR and PPs, 35 DEPs were found between LMFR and PPs, and 19 DEPs were found between LMFR and RMFR. There was no direct correlation between DEPs and immune-related functions. Subsequently, the abundance changes of 10 DEPs were verified at the transcriptional level by qPCR. Such as TPM1, MYH11 and HSPB1 were significantly up-regulated in LMFR vs PPs, but down-regulated in RMFR vs PPs. The expression levels of CR2 and GALS2 were found to be significantly increased in RMFR vs PPs, respectively, while decreased in LMFR. The expression of 10 genes was largely consistent with the corresponding protein expression. Besides, InnateDB was used to identify information on immune-associated proteins in ALNA, over 87.7% of proteins have been recognized in the same orthogroups of a human immune-related gene. Those proteins are recognized as involving a variety of functions, including the treatment and presentation of antigens, the intracellular activation of T-cells, the T-cell and B-cell receptor pathways, and the regulation of actin polycondensation.
Conclusions
The experimental findings indicate that the immune-related proteins present in ALNA and PPs exhibit similarities. Despite differences in structural phenotypes between LMFR and RMFR, proteins expressed in the two structures are highly similar and play similar roles in mucosal immune responses.
Predicting the risk of early rebleeding following endoscopic variceal ligation in cirrhotic patients with computed tomography
Authors: Ryu Hwaseong , Kim Tae Un , Yoon KT , Hong Young Mi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Life-threatening rebleeding following endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in patients with cirrhosis rarely can occur. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of computed tomography (CT) in predicting the risk of early rebleeding following EVL in cirrhotic patients.
Methods: We retrospectively investigated 285 cirrhotic patients who had undergone EVL. EVL was performed for prophylaxis or acute variceal bleeding. The patients were classified into 2 groups: early rebleeding (< 14days after EVL) and non-early rebleeding. We compared baseline characteristics including CT findings between the patient groups.
Results: Among the 285 patients who underwent EVL treatment, 19 patients (6.7%) experienced early rebleeding. On average, these rebleeding oc­curred 9.3 ± 3.5 days after the EVL, with a range of 3 to 13 days. Patients who experience early rebleeding had a higher six-week bleeding-related mortality rate compared to those in the non-early rebleeding group (31.6% vs. 10.2%; p = 0.014). There was a correlation between the grade of esophageal varix observed during endoscopy and the diameter of esophageal varix observed on CT (p < 0.001). The diameter of esophageal varix on CT was identified as the only significant predictive factor for early rebleeding (p = 0.005).
Conclusion: A larger esophageal varix diameter observed on CT is associated with an increased risk of early rebleeding after EVL treatment. Early identification of this high-risk group can provide a change of treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Obstetric violence and its associated factors among HIV positive women receiving birth care at Public Health Facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Anteneh Wondimagegn , Ayele Basha , Masersha Seteamlak Adane 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Obstetric violence is an emerging health problem in maternal health services utilization. In the study context, there was limited evidence on obstetrics violence. Hence, the aim of this study to assess obstetric violence and its associated factors among HIV-positive women received birth care at public health facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Result
A total of 318 HIV-positive women had been participated in this study yielding 100% response rate. In this study 79% of HIV-positive women reported they had been subjected to at least one form of obstetric violence during birth care. The top three reported forms of obstetric violence: 249 (78.3%) failure to get informed consent, 227 (71.4%) unconsented medical procedure, 140 (44%) neglecting to suffer life-threatening complication. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis were identified that Female birth attendants (AOR = 2.848; 95% CI 1.574, 5.153), three times ANC-visitors (AOR = 2.994; 95% CI 1.390, 6.449), age ≥ 35 years old (AOR = 2.471; 95% CI 1.245, 4.904) and primary school attendants (AOR = 2.126; 95% CI 1.084, 4.170) were significantly associated with obstetrics violence. This study identified that high prevalence of obstetric violence among HIV positive women. Hence, mitigation is needed to be undertaken by taking the reported forms of obstetrics violence, socio-demographic and obstetrics variables by ensuring a systematic and strategic intervention for quality birth care utilization through an inclusive involvement of all stakeholders.
Transfer of cGAMP From Neuron To Microglia Activates Microglial Type I Interferon Responses After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: chang hanxiao , li zheng , zhang weiwei , lin chao , shen yuqi , Zhang Guangjian , mao lei , ma chencheng , Liu Ning , Lu Hua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Primary subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of acute stroke, accounting for approximately 10% of cases, with high disability and mortality rate. Early brain injury (EBI) is a critical factor in determining SAH mortality; however, there are no effective treatment interventions for EBI. Based on our results, the transmission of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from neurons to microglia is a key molecular event that triggers type I interferon response, amplifies neuroinflammation, and leads to neuronal apoptosis. Abnormal intracytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the initiating factor of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling axis. Overall, the cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling axis is closely associated with neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Targeting cGAS triggered by cytoplasmic mtDNA may be useful for comprehensive clinical treatment of patients after SAH. Further studies targeting cGAS-specific antagonists for treating SAH are warranted.
An examination of the relationship between risk perceptions, cultural-religious beliefs and coping during COVID-19 Pandemic control in South Asian Countries: A systematic review
Authors: Memon Rakhshi , Khaliq Ayesha , Ranieri Veronica , Asif Muqaddas , Bhatti Mujeeb Masood , Chaudhry Nasim , Chauhdry Imran B. , Husain Nusrat , Edwards Sarah JL 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background: Covid 19 was declared as a public health emergency by the World Health Organisation (WHO) due to its rapid spread and catastrophic effects on health. It affected around 119M people with mortality rate of 0.27% worldwide, including South-Asians. This review aims to understand the risk perceptions, cultural religious beliefs and the coping mechanisms of South Asians during the Covid 19 pandemic.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following search engines were used: Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science.
Results: The database search produced 35 articles to screen. The final narrative synthesis included 11 studies comprising of 19,054 participants from Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Six studies, comprising 5562 participants, were eligible and included for meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence with maximum heterogeneity for correct knowledge of symptoms, hand washing or use of sanitizers, face masking use of herbal or traditional remedies and physical distancing or avoidance of contact was reported through meta-analysis.
Conclusion: The review brings forth a useful comparison of individual and cultural differences in KAP, risk perceptions and coping strategies. This review highlights the need for and importance of tailored information dissemination, culturally sensitive risk communication, targeted educational interventions, community engagement and empowerment, policy, and infrastructure improvements, as well as continued research and data collection. By addressing these implications, efforts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 can be more effective and equitable across diverse populations.
Prospero Registration: CRD42021246475
Flood susceptibility assessment on the proposed high-speed train track Qena-Hurghada-Safaga (QHS), Egypt
Authors: Ali Mohamed Saad , Abdelghany Mostafa Kamel , Moftah Hussein Mostafa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Climate change is a major global issue, with sea level rise, hurricanes, flash floods, and heat and cold waves all being major threats that have led to significant human and economic losses. Egypt's high-speed electric train project is aiming to reduce climate change and improve public health by providing a greener mode of travel. Flooding is a global threat, particularly in arid regions where it is more severe due to climate change and rapid development. The investigation aims to identify flood-prone zones in the study area, including the proposed third track of the high-speed train Qena-Hurghada-Safaga (QHS), using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to identify seven potential factors for flash floods. AHP was used to assess the significance of each factor in the flood susceptibility map by assigning weights. The most crucial criteria to determine flood-prone locations were surface runoff characteristics (30%), watershed morphometric parameters (22%), and average rainfall distribution (16%). A flood susceptibility map was created by overlaying thematic layers and categorizing them into five categories based on the level of flood intensity in the area. According to the prepared map, the research regions were, in order, very low, low, moderate, high , and very high-prone flood zones (6.04%), (36.02%), (14.63%), (33.30%), and (10.01%), respectively. Finally, the runoff curve number (CN), which regulates the key factor in the flood susceptibility map, was validated using a total of 24 soil samples that were collected along the proposed track between the Red Sea Mountain valleys from Qena to Hurghada. In addition, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) analyses, the mapping of flash flood susceptibility was verified. The validation findings revealed an AUC value of 0.81, demonstrating the dependability of the AHP approach. Moreover, some of the recommended technical solutions have been documented to enhance security against such frequent events in particular areas susceptible to flooding and storms.
An Analysis on History of Childhood Adversity, Anxiety, and Chronic Pain in Adulthood, and the Influence of Inflammatory Biomarker C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Dalechek Danielle E. , Caes Line , McIntosh Gwenne , Whittaker Anna C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Despite a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety, the role of anxiety in the pathway to chronic pain is not well understood. Potentially, inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are involved.
Objective: 1) Examine relationships between reported ACEs, anxiety, and chronic pain. 2) Assess associations between ACEs, anxiety, and CRP levels and between CRP and chronic pain.
Methods: Data from 24,172 adults who participated in the UK Biobank were used to conduct Poisson regressions to assess relationships between ACEs, anxiety, and chronic pain. For participants with CRP data who met the inclusion criteria (n=2007), similar models were run between ACEs, anxiety, and CRP and CRP and chronic pain.
Results: For objective 1, three statistically significant interactions were found to predict pain: frequency of physical abuse x reported muscular symptoms during anxiety (p=0.01); frequency in which they felt hated x having discussed anxiety with a professional (p=0.03) and reported frequency of sexual abuse x difficulties relaxing during anxiety attacks (p=0.03). For objective 2, frequency of sexual abuse and informing a professional about anxiety significantly interacted to predict elevated CRP. For correlations, the largest was between CRP and the number of times pain was reported over the years (p=0.01). Finally, ACEs (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and whether taken to a doctor) significantly interacted with CRP to predict pain.
Conclusion: Certain ACEs significantly interacted with anxiety and CRP to predict the occurrence of chronic pain in adults.
Research on the damage characteristics of rock masses based on double guide-hole blasting under high In-situ stress
Authors: Xu Ruizong , Xie Liangfu , Ma Long , Wang Benfeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In complex high In-situ stress conditions, how to achieve ideal rock blasting effect by effective methods is often a difficult point in blasting operations. In this paper, we analyze the effect of guide holes on blasting effect by adding guide holes to the rock pre-treatment method, and carry out double-hole blasting experiments based on the blast point particle expansion method. The effect of blasthole spacing and ground stress on blasting effect is investigated at macroscopic crack effect, microscopic particle contact and stress response level. The study shows that: (i) The crack penetration effect can be enhanced by setting guide holes between blastholes, and the penetration effect is more obvious when the distance between blasthole and guide holes is less than 2.5 times the radius of the crushing zone. (ii) At the contact force chain level, when the distance between blasthole and guide hole is less than 2.0 times the radius of crushing zone, the pressure stress perpendicular to the direction of blasthole linkage inhibits the development of crack, and the pull stress parallel to the direction of blasthole linkage promotes the development of crack; at the contact number level, the distance between blasthole and guide hole The main force direction is perpendicular to the blasthole line direction when the contact number level is less than 2.0 times the radius of the crushing zone. (iii) With the increase of distance between blasthole and guide hole, the inhibition of crack by stress in the vertical direction is weakened, and the main force direction is parallel to the blasthole line direction.