bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velocity model calibration for surface microseismic monitoring based on a 3D gently inclined layered equivalent model
Authors: Wang Chunlu , Wei Yanfei , Sun Feng , Zhou Xiaohua , Jiang Haiyu , Chen Zubin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Shale gas has become a major source of natural gas production and has received worldwide attention. Hydraulic fracturing is widely performed to stimulate oil and gas wells with considerable success. Given high-precision microseismic (MS) event locations, we can predict the development trend and region of fracturing and evaluate the stimulation effect, thereby providing technical guidance for subsequent exploitation. An accurate velocity model is essential for MS event positioning. However, simple velocity models, such as the uniform or vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) velocity model, are generally applied to calibrate the velocity model. Despite calibration, the VTI model may still face challenges in obtaining accurate MS event locations. Based on the structural characteristics of shale, we propose a novel local velocity model calibration algorithm for surface MS monitoring. To calibrate the velocity model, the actual strata interfaces are replaced with 3D gently inclined planes. We use very fast simulated annealing to concurrently tune the velocity, depth, and angle parameters of the model. Through the assessment of both the stacked amplitude at the position of the perforation shot and the relocation error of the perforation shot, we determine the ideal velocity model. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct experiments on both a synthetic model and a field dataset, and statistically analyze the location error. The results show that the proposed method obviously reduces the perforation shot relocation error and is well-suited for calibrating velocity models that are close to slightly inhomogeneous layered media.
The reference genome assembly of the bright cobblestone lichen, Acarospora socialis
Authors: Adams Julia N , Escalona Merly , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Fairbairn Colin W , Beraut Eric , Seligmann William , Nguyen Oanh , Chumchim Noravit , Stajich Jason E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Acarospora socialis, the bright cobblestone lichen, is commonly found in southwestern North America. This charismatic yellow lichen is a species of key ecological significance as it is often a pioneer species in new environments. Despite their ecological importance virtually no research has been conducted on the genomics of A. socialis. To address this, we used long-read sequencing to generate the first high-quality draft genome of A. socialis. Lichen thallus tissue was collected from Pinkham Canyon in Joshua Tree National Park, California and deposited in the UC Riverside herbarium under accession #295874. The de novo assembly of the mycobiont partner of the lichen was generated from Pacific Biosciences HiFi long reads and Dovetail Omni-C chromatin capture data. After removing algal and bacterial contigs, the fungal genome was approximately 31.2 Mb consisting of 38 scaffolds with contig and scaffold N50 of 2.4 Mb. The BUSCO completeness score of the assembled genome was 97.5% using the Ascomycota gene set. Information on the genome of A. socialis is important for California conservation purposes given that this lichen is threatened in some places locally by wildfires due to climate change. This reference genome will be used for understanding the genetic diversity, population genomics, and comparative genomics of A. socialis species. Genomic resources for this species will support population and landscape genomics investigations, exploring the use of A. socialis as a bioindicator species for climate change, and in studies of adaptation by comparing populations that occur across aridity gradients in California.
Town Planning, Housing, and the Politics of Sanitation and Public Health in the Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), c. 1880 – 1950
Authors: Amoako-Gyampah Akwasi Kwarteng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Colonial officials remarked disparagingly about the nature of houses and what they presented as congested layouts in Gold Coast communities. Subsequently, drawing on nineteenth-century epidemiological theory that connected diseases and poor health to defective housing and congested settlements, the colonial administration introduced measures to redesign and reorder Gold Coast communities. This article examines the connection between colonial town planning and housing measures and the politics of sanitation and public health in the Gold Coast. It argues that the colonial state’s imposition of imported British town planning measures, building techniques, and housing styles in the Gold Coast and their aspiration to compel Gold Coast people to build and pattern their communities along so-called sanitary lines could not be fully realised. Thus, the extent to which colonial town planning and the accompanying transformations in African building styles improved sanitation and consequently, public health, is difficult to determine. Nonetheless, this study reveals that the local population’s holistic approaches to spatial designing and planning of their communities and their building styles were somewhat altered by the colonial imposition of eurocentric town planning policies and building styles.
D-2-hydroxyglutarate regulates human brain vascular endothelial cell proliferation and barrier function
Authors: Cao Chun , Zhang Lingjun , Sorensen Mia D , Reifenberger Guido , Kristensen Bjarne W , McIntyre Thomas M , Lin Feng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes result in excessive production of (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) which intrinsically modifies tumor cell epigenetics and impacts surrounding noncancerous cells through nonepigenetic pathways. However, whether D-2HG has a paracrine effect on endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment needs further clarification. We quantified microvessel density by immunohistochemistry using tissue sections from 60 high-grade astrocytic gliomas with or without IDH mutation. Microvessel density was found to be reduced in tumors carrying an IDH mutation. Ex vivo experiments showed that D-2HG inhibited endothelial cell migration, wound healing, and tube formation by suppressing cell proliferation but not viability, possibly through reduced activation of the mTOR/STAT3 pathway. Further, D-2HG reduced fluorescent dextran permeability and decreased paracellular T-cell transendothelial migration by augmenting expression of junctional proteins thereby collectively increasing endothelial barrier function. These results indicate that D-2HG may influence the tumor vascular microenvironment by reducing the intratumoral vasculature density and by inhibiting the transport of metabolites and extravasation of circulating cells into the astrocytoma microenvironment. These observations provide a rationale for combining IDH inhibition with antitumor immunological/angiogenic approaches and suggest a molecular basis for resistance to antiangiogenic drugs in patients whose tumors express a mutant IDH allele.
Economic Sanctions and the Escalation of Terrorism
Authors: Bapat Navin A , Cilizoglu Menevis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A common belief is that sanctions will deprive targets of the resources they need to engage in offensive behaviors. This suggests that sanctions on active and passive supporters of terrorism should reduce violence. This study examines the argument that sanctions can weaken state support for terrorism and reduce terrorist violence. We argue that while sanctions may deprive active or passive supporters of resources, these market imperfections may create commitment problems by weakening these states’ ability to maintain the balance of power with their rivals. As a result, state supporters and their terrorists may escalate violence to solidify gains against their rivals. We test this hypothesis quantitatively using the Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions and the Global Terrorism datasets, and qualitatively using an examination of Pakistani support for the Haqqani Network.
Support and Conflict Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Focus on Friends
Authors: Helgeson Vicki S , Horner Fiona S , Reis Harry T , Niezink Nynke M D , Libman Ingrid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
The goal of the study was to examine the relations of general and diabetes-specific friend support and conflict to psychological and diabetes health among youth with type 1 diabetes. We examined gender as a moderator of these relations, and friend responsiveness and information-sharing as potential mediators.

Methods
Youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 167; M age 15.83 [SD = 0.78]; 50% female) were interviewed once in the Fall and once in the following Spring of the school year. Using multiple regression analysis, general friend support, general friend conflict, diabetes-specific support, and diabetes-specific conflict were investigated as simultaneous predictors of psychological and diabetes outcomes cross-sectionally and longitudinally over four months.

Results
Cross-sectionally friend conflict, including both general and diabetes-specific, was more predictive of outcomes than friend support. In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, gender was a significant moderator, such that several relations of general friend conflict to outcomes were significant for females but not nonfemales. Friend support revealed mixed relations to outcomes across cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Although we found links of friend relationship variables to mediators (perceived responsiveness; information sharing), we found little evidence of mediation.

Conclusions
These findings show stronger evidence that conflictual friend relationships than supportive friend relationships are linked to health. Findings suggest that problematic friend relationships may have a stronger impact on the health of females than nonfemales. These results underscore the need to better understand the conditions under which friend support is helpful versus harmful and the reasons underlying these links.
Defying boundaries: The problem of demarcation in Norwegian refugee services
Authors: Vannebo Berit Irene 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article discusses how professionals’ efforts to reach policy goals engender boundary work. Analyses of interviews with service professionals in three welfare services in Norway which collaborate to implement the Introduction Program for refugees show how conflicting logics in services pose dilemmas for service professionals, and that political ideals of collaborative governance and integrated services are hard to put into practice. Service professionals resolve these dilemmas by engaging in various forms of boundary work, and the scope for boundary work is conditioned by the different service logics they operate under. Welfare service professionals collaborate to reach three policy goals—qualification of refugees, empowerment of users, and providing equity in services. The analysis shows that conflicting service logics result in boundary work practices that make coordination of, and collaboration between, services difficult, as services do not agree on how to interpret, and share responsibility for enacting, policy goals. The outcome of boundary work practices is a reshuffling of responsibilities—and a redelegation of tasks—which in principle should be shared, onto specific services. Different interpretations of policy goals instigate boundary work among welfare service professionals, which not only involves struggles over jurisdictional boundaries, but also negotiations over whom owns a policy problem, and over how to define and represent the problem. The findings from this study encourage researchers to further explore how policy goals are used as boundary objects in professionals’ negotiations over jurisdictional boundaries, in order to further understand what triggers and shapes boundary work among professionals.
GRASP: a goodness-of-fit test for classification learning
Authors: Javanmard Adel , Mehrabi Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Performance of classifiers is often measured in terms of average accuracy on test data. Despite being a standard measure, average accuracy fails in characterising the fit of the model to the underlying conditional law of labels given the features vector (Y∣X), e.g. due to model misspecification, over fitting, and high-dimensionality. In this paper, we consider the fundamental problem of assessing the goodness-of-fit for a general binary classifier. Our framework does not make any parametric assumption on the conditional law Y∣X and treats that as a black-box oracle model which can be accessed only through queries. We formulate the goodness-of-fit assessment problem as a tolerance hypothesis testing of the form H0:E[Df(Bern(η(X))‖Bern(η^(X)))]≤τ where Df represents an f-divergence function, and η(x), η^(x), respectively, denote the true and an estimate likelihood for a feature vector x admitting a positive label. We propose a novel test, called Goodness-of-fit with Randomisation and Scoring Procedure (GRASP) for testing H0, which works in finite sample settings, no matter the features (distribution-free). We also propose model-X GRASP designed for model-X settings where the joint distribution of the features vector is known. Model-X GRASP uses this distributional information to achieve better power. We evaluate the performance of our tests through extensive numerical experiments.
Spectroscopic observations of selected planetary nebulae from the HASH data base
Authors: Temiz Utkan , Aksaker Nazım , Akyuz Aysun 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We conducted research on the classification and physical properties of 10 objects from the HASH [Hong Kong/Australian Astronomical Observatory/Strasbourg Observatory H-alpha Planetary Nebula (PN)] data base with small angular sizes (&lt;8 arcsec) in the Northern hemisphere. The sample consisted of six Likely PNe, two new candidates, one emission-line star, and one object of unknown nature. Among them, we observed four objects for the first time using the medium-resolution TUG Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera spectrograph located on the RTT150 cm of the TÜBİTAK National Observatory. To investigate the classification of the observed objects, we utilized the emission line ratios of [O iii]/Hγ, [O iii]/Hβ, [N ii]/Hα, and [S ii]/Hα, and diagnostic diagrams such as the Sabbadin–Minello–Bianchini and Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich diagrams. When considering a broader range of diagnostic criteria compared to those provided in the literature, our analyses resulted in the reclassification of four objects from Likely PNe to True PNe and the retention of the previous classification for the remaining six objects. In addition, we obtained various physical conditions such as electron temperatures, electron densities, logarithmic extinction coefficients, and excitation classes for the 10 objects under study. Our analysis revealed that the ionic abundances of the majority of these objects were in agreement with Galactic PNe. Our spectral observations have led to the updating of 10 PNe in the HASH data base.
Star formation in CALIFA survey perturbed galaxies – III. Stellar and ionized-gas kinematic distributions
Authors: Morales-Vargas A , Torres-Papaqui J P , Rosales-Ortega F F , Chow-Martínez M , Ortega-Minakata R A , Robleto-Orús A C ,   (the CALIFA Survey Collaboration)
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We obtain the kinematic distributions of stars (synthetic model line absorption) and ionized gas (H α line emission) for star-forming regions residing in Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey tidally perturbed (perturbed) and non-tidally perturbed (control) galaxies. We set the uncertainties of the velocity dispersion by measuring the statistical variability of the data sets themselves. Using these adopted uncertainties and considering the sensitivity of the grating device, we establish thresholds of reliability that allow us to select reliable velocity dispersions. From this selection, we pair the star-forming spaxels between control and perturbed galaxies at the closest shifts in velocity (de-redshifting). We compare their respective distributions of velocity dispersion. In perturbed galaxies, median velocity dispersions for the stellar and gaseous components are minimally higher and equal, respectively, than those in control galaxies. The spread in velocity dispersion and the velocity shift–velocity dispersion space agree with this result. Unlike the well-known trend in strongly interacting systems, the stellar and ionized-gas motions are not disturbed by the influence of close companions. For the gaseous component, this result is due to the poor statistical variability of its data, a consequence of the tightness in velocity dispersion derived from high spectral line intensities. This analysis concludes the series, which previously showed star-forming regions in galaxies with close companions undergoing more prominent gas inflows, resulting in differences in their star formation and consequent metal content.
Radio multifrequency observations of Abell 781 with the WSRT
Authors: Hugo B , Bernardi G , Smirnov O M , Dallacasa D , Venturi T , Murgia M , Pizzo R F 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The Main galaxy cluster in the Abell 781 system is undergoing a significant merger and accretion process with peripheral emission to the north and south-eastern flanks of the merging structure. Here we present a full polarimetric study of this field, using radio interferometric data taken at 21 and 92 cm with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT), to a sensitivity better than any 21 cm (L band) observation to date. We detect evidence of extended low-level emission of 1.9 mJy associated with the Main cluster at 21 cm, although this detection necessitates further follow-up by modern instruments due to the limited resolution of the WSRT. Our polarimetric study indicates that, most likely, the peripheral emission associated with this cluster is not a radio relic.
Evidence for a luminosity–decay correlation in GRB GeV light curves
Authors: Hinds K R , Oates S R , Nicholl M , Patel J , Omodei N , Gompertz B , Racusin J L , Ryan G 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Correlations between intrinsic properties of gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves provide clues to the nature of the central engine, the jet, and a possible means to standardize GRBs for cosmological use. Here, we report on the discovery of a correlation between the intrinsic early-time luminosity, LG,10 s, measured at rest frame 10 s, and the average decay rate measured from rest frame 10 s onward, $\alpha _{\mathrm{G,avg\gt 10\, s}}$, in a sample of 13 Fermi Large Area Telescope long GRB light curves. We note that our selection criteria, in particular the requirement for a redshift to construct luminosity light curves, naturally limits our sample to energetic GRBs. A Spearman’s rank correlation gives a coefficient of –0.74, corresponding to a confidence level of 99.6 per cent, indicating that brighter afterglows decay faster than less luminous ones. Assuming a linear relation with log(LG,10s), we find $\alpha _{\mathrm{G,avg\gt 10\, s}}$$= -0.31_{-0.09}^{+0.12}\log ($LG,10s$) + 14.43_{-5.97}^{+4.55}$. The slope of −0.31 is consistent at 1σ with previously identified correlations in the optical/ultraviolet and X-ray light curves. We speculate that differences in the rate at which energy is released by the central engine or differences in observer viewing angle may be responsible for the correlation.
The influence of Mach number and overpressure on the structure of supersonic gas jets
Authors: Smith Michael D , Richards Carl 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The Mach number is the primary parameter in determining the intrinsic driving properties, and effect on the environment of a supersonic jet. In the most basic form, a jet is released when a wall of a large high-pressure gas reservoir is punctured. The resulting high-pressure jet contains a configuration of shocks that continue to disturb the environment after the initial bow shock has passed. Here, we perform numerical simulations to determine the properties attributable to pure adiabatic hydrodynamic effects, taking a uniform stream out of a circular nozzle. We take a range of Mach numbers that, along with the jet overpressure, determine the flow pattern and shock locations. We distinguish conditions that generate Mach shock discs rather than a diamond pattern of oblique regular reflections. Potential observational diagnostics explored include the disc size, the distance from the nozzle, and oscillations in shock positions. Rapid oscillations occur in the divergent–convergent pattern through a feedback/hysteresis effect promoted by the ambient medium. The underlying flow patterns are independent of relative jet density, but heavy jets display both lower amplitude and lower frequency oscillations. We also study the energy transferred into the environment. Overpressured jets may contribute to noise and sound wave generation through screeching. However, these oscillations in the near-field are not sufficiently significant to regulate star and galaxy formation. We expect that upcoming high dynamic range and resolution observations will increasingly detect the shock patterns as jet gas transits from protostellar and galactic cores.
Light elements Na and Al in 58 bulge spheroid stars from APOGEE
Authors: Barbuy B , Friaça A C S , Ernandes H , Moura T , Masseron T , Cunha K , Smith V V , Souto D , Pérez-Villegas A , Souza S O , Chiappini C , Queiroz A B A , Fernández-Trincado J G , da Silva P , Santiago B X , Anders F , Schiavon R P , Valentini M , Minniti D , Geisler D , Placco V M , Zoccali M , Schultheis M , Nitschelm C , Beers T C , Razera R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We identified a sample of 58 candidate stars with metallicity [Fe/H] ≲ −0.8 that likely belong to the old bulge spheroid stellar population, and analyse their Na and Al abundances from Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra. In a previous work, we inspected APOGEE-Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundance Pipeline abundances of C, N, O, Mg, Al, Ca, Si, and Ce in this sample. Regarding Na lines, one of them appears very strong in about 20 per cent of the sample stars, but it is not confirmed by other Na lines, and can be explained by sky lines, which affect the reduced spectra of stars in a certain radial velocity range. The Na abundances for 15 more reliable cases were taken into account. Al lines in the H band instead appear to be very reliable. Na and Al exhibit a spread in abundances, whereas no spread in N abundances is found, and we found no correlation between them, indicating that these stars could not be identified as second-generation stars that originated in globular clusters. We carry out the study of the behaviour of Na and Al in our sample of bulge stars and literature data by comparing them with chemodynamical evolution model suitable for the Galactic bulge. The Na abundances show a large spread, and the chemodynamical models follow the main data, whereas for aluminum instead, the models reproduce very satisfactorily the nearly secondary-element behaviour of aluminum in the metallicity range below [Fe/H] ≲ −1.0. For the lower-metallicity end ([Fe/H &lt; −2.5), hypernovae are assumed to be the main contributor to yields.