bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work-related stressors and coping behaviors among leaders in small and medium-sized IT and technological services enterprises
Authors: Dannheim Indra , Buyken Anette E. , Kroke Anja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOccupational health interventions for leaders are underrepresented in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). When creating and developing effective occupational health interventions, identification of the specific needs of the target group is regarded as an essential step before planning an intervention. Therefore, the aim of this study was (1) to examine the subjectively experienced work-related stressors of leaders in small and medium-sized IT and technological services enterprises, (2) to explore coping behaviors leaders use to deal with the experienced work-related stressors, (3) to investigate resources supporting the coping process and (4) to identify potentially self-perceived consequences resulting from the experienced stressors.MethodsTen semi-structured interviews with leaders in small and medium-sized IT and technological services enterprises were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with content-structuring qualitative content analysis in accordance to Kuckartz.ResultsLeaders in small and medium-sized IT and technological services enterprises experience various stressors caused by work organization as well as industry-related stressors and other work-related stressors. To address the experienced stressors, leaders apply problem focused coping behaviors (e.g. performing changes on structural and personal level), emotional focused coping behaviors (e.g. balancing activities, cognitive restructuring) as well as the utilization of social support. Helpful resources for the coping process include organizational, social and personal resources. As a result of the experienced work-related stressors, interviewees stated to experience different health impairments, negative effects on work quality as well as neglect of leisure activities and lack of time for family and friends.ConclusionThe identified experienced work-related stressors, applied coping behaviors, utilized resources and emerging consequences underpin the urgent need for the development and performance of health-oriented leadership interventions for leaders in small and medium- sized IT and technological services. The results of this study can be used when designing a target-oriented intervention for the examined target group.
Psychometric properties of a standardized protocol of muscle strength assessment by hand-held dynamometry in healthy adults: a reliability study
Authors: Morin Marika , Hébert Luc J. , Perron Marc , Petitclerc Émilie , Lake Shanna-Rose , Duchesne Elise 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaximal isometric muscle strength (MIMS) assessment is a key component of physiotherapists’ work. Hand-held dynamometry (HHD) is a simple and quick method to obtain quantified MIMS values that have been shown to be valid, reliable, and more responsive than manual muscle testing. However, the lack of MIMS reference values for several muscle groups in healthy adults with well-known psychometric properties limits the use and the interpretation of these measures obtained with HHD in clinic.ObjectiveTo determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) of MIMS torque values obtained with HHD.MethodsIntra and Inter-rater Reliability Study. The MIMS torque of 17 muscle groups was assessed by two independent raters at three different times in 30 healthy adults using a standardized HHD protocol using the MEDup™ (Atlas Medic, Québec, Canada). Participants were excluded if they presented any of the following criteria: 1) participation in sport at a competitive level; 2) degenerative or neuromusculoskeletal disease that could affect torque measurements; 3) traumatic experience or disease in the previous years that could affect their muscle function; and 4) use of medication that could impact muscle strength (e.g., muscle relaxants, analgesics, opioids) at the time of the evaluation. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were determined using two-way mixed (intra) and random effects (inter) absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC: 95% confidence interval) models. SEM and MDC were calculated from these data.ResultsIntra- and inter-rater reliability were excellent with ICC (95% confidence interval) varying from 0.90 to 0.99 (0.85–0.99) and 0.89 to 0.99 (0.55–0.995), respectively. Absolute SEM and MDC for intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.14 to 3.20 Nm and 0.38 to 8.87 Nm, respectively, and from 0.17 to 5.80 Nm and 0.47 to 16.06 Nm for inter-rater reliability, respectively.ConclusionsThe excellent reliability obtained in this study suggest that the use of such a standardized HHD protocol is a method of choice for MIMS torque measurements in both clinical and research settings. And the identification of the now known metrological qualities of such a protocol should encourage and promote the optimal use of manual dynamometry.
Empagliflozin-associated postoperative mixed metabolic acidosis. Case report and review of pathogenesis
Authors: Sitina Michal , Lukes Marek , Sramek Vladimir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2 inhibitors is a rare, relatively new and potentially fatal clinical entity, characterized by metabolic acidosis with normal or only moderately elevated glycemia. The mechanisms are not fully understood but involve increased ketogenesis and complex renal metabolic dysfunction, resulting in both ketoacidosis and hyperchloremic acidosis. We report a rare case of fatal empagliflozin-associated acidosis with profound hyperchloremia and review its pathogenesis.

Case presentation
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with empagliflozin underwent an elective hip replacement surgery. Since day 4 after surgery, he felt generally unwell, leading to cardiac arrest on the day 5. Empagliflozin-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis with severe hyperchloremic acidosis was identified as the cause of the cardiac arrest.

Conclusions
This unique case documents the possibility of severe SGLT2 inhibitor-associated mixed metabolic acidosis with a predominant hyperchloremic component. Awareness of this possibility and a high index of suspicion are crucial for correct and early diagnosis.
“I stretch them out as long as possible:” U.S. women’s experiences of menstrual product insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Schmitt Margaret L. , Dimond Katie , Maroko Andrew R. , Phillips-Howard Penelope A. , Gruer Caitlin , Berry Amanda , Nash Denis , Kochhar Shivani , Sommer Marni 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
A growing body of evidence highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated gender inequalities in the US. This resulted in women being more vulnerable to economic insecurity and decreases in their overall well-being. One relevant issue that has been less explored is that of women’s menstrual health experiences, including how inconsistent access to menstrual products may negatively impact their daily lives.

Methods
This qualitative study, conducted from March through May 2021, utilized in-depth interviews that were nested within a national prospective cohort study. The interviews (n = 25) were conducted with a sub-sample of cis-gender women living across the US who had reported challenges accessing products during the first year of the pandemic. The interviews sought to understand the barriers that contributed to experiencing menstrual product insecurity, and related coping mechanisms. Malterud’s ‘systematic text condensation’, an inductive thematic analysis method, was utilized to analyze the qualitative transcripts.

Results
Respondents came from 17 different states across the U.S. Three key themes were identified: financial and physical barriers existed to consistent menstrual product access; a range of coping strategies in response to menstrual product insecurity, including dependence on makeshift and poorer quality materials; and heightened experiences of menstrual-related anxiety and shame, especially regarding the disclosure of their menstruating status to others as a result of inadequate menstrual leak protection.

Conclusions
Addressing menstrual product insecurity is a critical step for ensuring that all people who menstruate can attain their most basic menstrual health needs. Key recommendations for mitigating the impact of menstrual product insecurity require national and state-level policy reform, such as the inclusion of menstrual products in existing safety net basic needs programs, and the reframing of menstrual products as essential items. Improved education and advocacy are needed to combat menstrual stigma.
Fostering formative assessment: teachers’ perception, practice and challenges of implementation in four Sudanese medical schools, a mixed-method study
Authors: Almahal Elaf Abdulla , Osman Abrar Abdalfattah Ahmed , Tahir Mohamed Elnajid , Hamdan Hamdan Zaki , Gaddal Arwa Yahya , Alkhidir Omer Tagelsir Abdall , Gasmalla Hosam Eldeen Elsadig 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFormative assessment (assessment for learning) enhances learning (especially deep learning) by using feedback as a central tool. However, implementing it properly faces many challenges. We aimed to describe the perception of medical teachers towards FA, their practice, challenges of implementing FA and present applicable solutions. A mixed-method, explanatory approach study was applied by administering a validated questionnaire to 190 medical teachers in four medical schools in Sudan. The obtained results were further studied using the Delphi method. Quantitative analysis revealed that medical teachers perceived their grasping of the concept of FAs and their ability to differentiate formative from summative assessments as very well (83.7%) and (77.4%), respectively. However, in contradiction to the former results, it was noteworthy that (41%) of them mistakenly perceived FA as an approach conducted for purposes of grading and certification. The qualitative study defined the challenges into two main themes: lack of understanding of formative assessment and lack of resources. Medical teachers’ development and resource allocation were the main recommendations. We conclude that there is misunderstanding and malpractice in implementing formative assessment attributed to the lack of understanding of FA as well as the lack of resources. We as well present suggested solutions derived from the perception of the medical teachers in the study and evolved around three approaches: faculty development, managing the curriculum by allocating time and resources for FA, and advocacy among stakeholders.
Development of an assessment tool to measure communication skills among family medicine residents in the context of electronic medical record use
Authors: Antoun Jumana , Saab Bassem , Usta Jinan , Romani Maya , Akl Imad Bou , El Mofti Maha Fathallah , Eter Joudy , AlArab Natally , Itani Hala 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The introduction of the electronic medical record (EMR) has led to new communication skills that need to be taught and assessed. There is scarce literature on validated instruments measuring electronic-specific communication skills. The aim is to develop an assessment checklist that assesses the general and EMR-specific communication skills and evaluates their content validity and reliability.

Methods
Using the SEGUE theoretical framework for communication skills, the assessment checklist items were developed by the Communication Skills Working Group (CSWG) at the family medicine department using a literature review about the positive and negative aspects of EMR use on physician-patient communication. A group of faculty members rated real resident-patient encounters on two occasions, three weeks apart. Patients were asked to fill out the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) at the end of the encounter.

Results
A total of 8 residents agreed to participate in the research, with 21 clinical encounters recorded. The average total score was 65.2 ± 6.9 and 48.1 ± 9.5 for the developed scale and the CAT scale, respectively. The scale reliability was good, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.694. The test-retest reliability was 0.873, p < 0.0001. For the total score on the developed checklist, the intraclass correlation coefficient between raters (ICC) was 0.429 [0.030,0.665], p-value of 0.019. The level of agreement between any two raters on the cumulative score of the 5 subsections ranged from 0.506 (interpersonal skills) to 0.969 (end encounter).

Conclusion
This checklist is a reliable and valid instrument that combines basic and EMR-related communication skills.
The Clinical Teaching Fellow role: views of the Heads of Academy in the West Midlands
Authors: Harris Isobel Marion , Greenfield Sheila , Ward Derek J , Sitch Alice J , Parry Jayne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Increasingly junior doctors are taking a year out of the traditional training pathway, and some opt to spend a year in a clinical teaching fellow (CTF) post. The CTF post mainly involves delivering hospital-based teaching to undergraduate medical students. In NHS hospital Trusts in the West Midlands, Heads of Academy (HoAs) have oversight of medical education at each Trust and therefore have responsibility for employing and directing the work of CTFs. Currently, only limited literature exists about the CTF role and exploring this from the point of view of different stakeholders in medical education is important in terms of contributing towards development of the role. This study aimed to explore the views of HoAs in the West Midlands region regarding CTFs employed at their Trusts.

Methods
All HoAs at the NHS Trust/teaching hospitals associated with the University of Birmingham were invited to take part in an in-depth interview about CTFs at their Trusts. Interviews were held via Zoom recorded using Zoom’s recording functionality. Interview transcripts were then coded and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Seven out of 11 HoAs participated in an interview. Seven themes were identified: CTF duties/Job role, Relationship with students, Benefits of having CTFs, Challenges associated with CTFs, Popularity of the role, What Trust offers CTFs, and Future of the role. Primarily it was felt that having CTFs at their Trust was beneficial in terms of the amount of teaching they provide for medical students. The HoAs were keen to ensure the CTF posts were of maximum benefit to both the post holders and to the Trusts where they were based. The CTF role is one that they felt would continue and develop in the future.

Conclusion
This study has provided the first insight into the CTF role from the point of view of senior doctors with responsibility for delivery of undergraduate medical education. The consistency and reliability of teaching provided by the CTFs was identified as a key benefit of the role. Future work exploring the role from the point of view of post holders themselves would be beneficial to contribute to development of the role.
Identification and validation of cuproptosis related genes and signature markers in bronchopulmonary dysplasia disease using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Jia Mingxuan , Li Jieyi , Zhang Jingying , Wei Ningjing , Yin Yating , Chen Hui , Yan Shixing , Wang Yong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) has a high incidence and affects the health of preterm infants. Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death, but its mechanism of action in the disease is not yet clear. Machine learning, the latest tool for the analysis of biological samples, is still relatively rarely used for in-depth analysis and prediction of diseases.

Methods and results
First, the differential expression of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the GSE108754 dataset was extracted and the heat map showed that the expression of NFE2L2 gene was significantly higher in the control group whereas the expression of GLS gene was significantly higher in the treatment group. Chromosome location analysis showed that both the genes were positively correlated and associated with chromosome 2. The results of immune infiltration and immune cell differential analysis showed differences in the four immune cells, significantly in Monocytes cells. Five new pathways were analyzed through two subgroups based on consistent clustering of CRG expression. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) set the screening condition to the top 25% to obtain the disease signature genes. Four machine learning algorithms: Generalized Linear Models (GLM), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) were used to screen the disease signature genes, and the final five marker genes for disease prediction. The models constructed by GLM method were proved to be more accurate in the validation of two datasets, GSE190215 and GSE188944.

Conclusion
We eventually identified two copper death-associated genes, NFE2L2 and GLS. A machine learning model-GLM was constructed to predict the prevalence of BPD disease, and five disease signature genes NFATC3, ERMN, PLA2G4A, MTMR9LP and LOC440700 were identified. These genes that were bioinformatics analyzed could be potential targets for identifying BPD disease and treatment.
The ability of Interleukin–10 to negate haemozoin-related pro-inflammatory effects has the potential to restore impaired macrophage function associated with malaria infection
Authors: Tembo Dumizulu , Harawa Visopo , Tran Tam C. , Afran Louise , Molyneux Malcolm E. , Taylor Terrie E. , Seydel Karl B. , Nyirenda Tonney , Russell David G. , Mandala Wilson 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Although pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the clearance of Plasmodium falciparum during the early stages of the infection, increased levels of these cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Amongst various parasite-derived inducers of inflammation, the malarial pigment haemozoin (Hz), which accumulates in monocytes, macrophages and other immune cells during infection, has been shown to significantly contribute to dysregulation of the normal inflammatory cascades.

Methods
The direct effect of Hz-loading on cytokine production by monocytes and the indirect effect of Hz on cytokine production by myeloid cells was investigated during acute malaria and convalescence using archived plasma samples from studies investigating P. falciparum malaria pathogenesis in Malawian subjects. Further, the possible inhibitory effect of IL-10 on Hz-loaded cells was examined, and the proportion of cytokine-producing T-cells and monocytes during acute malaria and in convalescence was characterized.

Results
Hz contributed towards an increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin 2 (IL-2) by various cells. In contrast, the cytokine IL-10 was observed to have a dose-dependent suppressive effect on the production of TNF among other cytokines. Cerebral malaria (CM) was characterized by impaired monocyte functions, which normalized in convalescence. CM was also characterized by reduced levels of IFN-γ-producing T cell subsets, and reduced expression of immune recognition receptors HLA-DR and CD 86, which also normalized in convalescence. However, CM and other clinical malaria groups were characterized by significantly higher plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than healthy controls, implicating anti-inflammatory cytokines in balancing the immune response.

Conclusions
Acute CM was characterized by elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines but lower proportions of cytokine-producing T-cells and monocytes that normalize during convalescence. IL-10 is also shown to have the potential to indirectly prevent excessive inflammation. Cytokine production dysregulated by the accumulation of Hz appears to impair the balance of the immune response to malaria and exacerbates pathology.
RBM14 as a novel epigenetic-activated tumor oncogene is implicated in the reprogramming of glycolysis in lung cancer
Authors: Hu Yan , Mu Hanshuo , Deng Zhiping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
RNA-binding motif protein 14 (RBM14) is upregulated in a variety of tumors. However, the expression and biological role of RBM14 in lung cancer remain unclear.

Methods
Chromatin immunoprecipitation and PCR were carried out to measure the levels of sedimentary YY1, EP300, H3K9ac, and H3K27ac in the RBM14 promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between YY1 and EP300. Glycolysis was investigated according to glucose consumption, lactate production, and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR).

Results
RBM14 level is increased in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. The increased RBM14 expression was correlated with TP53 mutation and individual cancer stages. A high level of RBM14 predicted a poorer overall survival of LUAD patients. The upregulated RBM14 in LUAD is induced by DNA methylation and histone acetylation. The transcription factor YY1 directly binds to EP300 and recruits EP300 to the promoter regions of RBM14, which further enhances H3K27 acetylation and promotes RBM14 expression. YY1-induced upregulation of RBM14 promoted cell growth and inhibited apoptosis by affecting the reprogramming of glycolysis.

Conclusions
These results indicated that epigenetically activated RBM14 regulated growth and apoptosis by regulating the reprogramming of glycolysis and RBM14 may serve as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAD.
Genetic variants of Dabie bandavirus: classification and biological/clinical implications
Authors: Liu Bingyan , Zhu Jie , He Tengfei , Zhang Zhenhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV), a novel Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae. The first case of SFTS was reported in China, followed by cases in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. With clinical manifestations including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal symptoms, SFTS has a fatality rate of approximately 10%. In recent years, an increasing number of viral strains have been isolated and sequenced, and several research groups have attempted to classify the different genotypes of DBV. Additionally, accumulating evidence indicates certain correlations between the genetic makeup and biological/clinical manifestations of the virus. Here, we attempted to evaluate the genetic classification of different groups, align the genotypic nomenclature in different studies, summarize the distribution of different genotypes, and review the biological and clinical implications of DBV genetic variations.