bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Multinozzle Targeting Pollination Robot for Clustered Kiwifruit Flowers Based on Air–Liquid Dual‐Flow Spraying
Authors: Gao Changqing , He Leilei , Ding Yusong , Murengami Bryan Gilbert , Chen Jinyong , Zhou Chengquan , Ye Hongbao , Li Rui , Fu Longsheng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTManual pollination of kiwifruit flowers is a labor‐intensive work that is highly desired to be replaced by robotic operations. In this research, a pollination robot was developed to achieve precision pollination of clustered kiwifruit flowers in the orchard. The pollination robot consists of five systems, including a multinozzle end‐effector, a mechanical arm, a vision system, a crawler‐type chassis, and a control system. The robot can select preferential flowers and then target their pistil to achieve precision pollination. First, statistical analysis of the dimensions of flower clusters and individual flowers was conducted to fit normal distribution curves, which guided the design of the spray coverage and combination intervals for the multinozzle end‐effector. Second, optimal spray parameters were determined based on a three‐factor, five‐level quadratic orthogonal experiment, that is, air pressure of 70.4 kPa, rate of flow of 86.0 mL/min, and spray distance of 27.8 cm. A targeted pollination strategy was developed based on the preferential flower selection strategy and structure of the multinozzle end‐effector. Field experiments were conducted in a commercial kiwifruit orchard to evaluate its feasibility and performance, and an average success targeting rate of 93.4% at an average speed of 1.0 s per flower was achieved. Furthermore, compared with artificial assisted pollination methods, it can improve the utilization rate of kiwifruit pollen with an average consumption of 0.20 g in every 60 flowers with an average fruit set rate of 88.9%. The validations demonstrated that the pollination robot can efficiently pollinate kiwifruit flowers and save pollen.
Enhanced FeIV═O Generation via Peroxymonosulfate Activation by an Edge‐Site Engineered Single‐Atom Iron Catalyst
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Lee Jaewoo , Yu Gwonho , Kim Kang , Kim Joohyun , Mok Dong Hyeon , Jang Alim , Jung Muho , Ahn Hyunsoo , Back Seoin , Hyeon Taeghwan , Lee Changha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs an oxidant, the ferryl‐oxo complex (FeIV═O) offers excellent reactivity and selectivity for degrading recalcitrant organic contaminants. However, enhancing FeIV═O generation on heterogeneous surfaces remains challenging because the underlying formation mechanism is poorly understood. This study introduces edge defects onto a single‐atom Fe catalyst (FeNC‐edge) to promote FeIV═O generation via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In the presence of PMS, the FeNC‐edge catalyst at a low dose (20 mg L−1, equivalent to 0.14 mg L−1 Fe) exhibits unprecedented activity for organic contaminant degradation. Electrochemical analysis, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and FeIV═O probe experiments confirm that FeIV═O generation is enhanced on the surface of FeNC‐edge. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduced edge sites concentrate electron density on active Fe atoms, facilitating charge transfer from Fe to PMS. Notably, FeNC‐edge immobilized on a polymeric membrane functioned as a continuous‐flow oxidation system with efficient catalyst recycling and minimal Fe leaching.
Hierarchical MoS2@NiFeCo‐Mo(doped)‐Layered Double Hydroxide Heterostructures as Efficient Alkaline Water Splitting (Photo)Electro‐catalysts
Authors: Moradi Kayvan , Ashrafi Maysam , Salimi Abdollah , Melander Marko M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDesigning cost‐effective electrocatalysts with fast reaction kinetics and high stability is an outstanding challenge in green hydrogen generation through overall water splitting (OWS). Layered double hydroxide (LDH) heterostructure materials are promising candidates to catalyze both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the two OWS half‐cell reactions. This work develops a facile hydrothermal route to synthesiz hierarchical heterostructure MoS2@NiFeCo‐LDH and MoS2@NiFeCo‐Mo(doped)‐LDH electrocatalysts, which exhibit extremely good OER and HER performance as witnessed by their low IR‐corrected overpotentials of 156 and 61 mV with at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 under light assistance. The MoS2@NiFeCo‐Mo(doped)‐LDH‐MoS2@NiFeCo‐LDH OWS cell achieves a low cell voltage of 1.46V at 10 mA cm−2 during light‐assisted water electrolysis. Both materials exhibited exceptional stability under industrially relevant HER and OER conditions, maintaining a current density of 1 A cm−2 with minimal alterations in their potential and performance. The experimental and computational results demonstrate that doping the LDH matrix with high‐valence Mo atoms and MoS2 quantum dots improves the electrocatalytic activity by 1) enhancing electron transfer, 2) making the electrocatalyst metallic, 3) increasing the number of active sites, 4) lowering the thermodynamic overpotential, and 5) changing the OER mechanism. Overall, this work develops a facile synthesis method to design highly active and stable MoS2@NiFeCo‐Mo(doped)‐LDH heterostructure electrocatalysts.
A Powerful Tumor Catalytic Therapy by an Enzyme‐Nanozyme Cascade Catalysis (ENCAT) System
Authors: Zhou Min , Feng Jiayuan , Mei Qi , Li Tong , Zhang Yihong , Liu Wanling , Wei Hui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractComplexity of tumor and its microenvironment as obstacles often restrict traditional tumor therapies. Enzyme/nanozyme‐mediated catalytic therapy has been emerged, but the efficacy of single catalytic therapy is still moderate. Inspired by the concepts of catalytic and synergetic therapy, an enzyme‐nanozyme cascade catalysis (ENCAT)‐enhanced tumor therapy is developed. First, metal–organic framework (MOF) PCN222‐Mn (PM) and glucose oxidase (GOx) are chosen as nanozyme and natural enzyme, respectively. Then two assembled together to form enzyme‐nanozyme complex PCN222‐Mn@GOx (PMG). To achieve tumor targeting and GOx protection, hyaluronic acid (HA) is modified on PMG to obtain PCN222‐Mn@GOx/HA (PMGH). Both cellular and animal studies demonstrate a cascade catalysis‐enhanced tumor therapy by PMGH. Specifically, a cascade catalysis‐enhanced PDT is achieved based on enzyme‐nanozyme mediated cascade‐catalyzed O2 generation; an enhanced synergistic therapy is demonstrated by combining PM‐mediated PDT, GOx‐mediated starvation therapy, and activated/promoted immunotherapy together. Additionally, the designed tumor catalytic therapy is explored in a tumor bearing mouse model, where it exhibits powerful anti‐tumor effects against both primary and metastatic tumors. This strategy has the potential to broaden tumor therapeutic approaches.
Highly Efficient Degradation of Bisphenol A by Peroxymonosulfate Activation Using Bamboo Kraft Lignin Single‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Ma Jianfeng , Zhang Shumin , Shi Xin , Dai Linxin , Liu Zhenzhen , Liu Xinge , Lu Xihong , Jiang Zehui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA nitrogen‐coordinated Fe single‐atom catalyst (SA Fe‐N/C) is synthesized using a homogeneous ethanol‐based dissolution system with bamboo kraft lignin serving as the carbon source. Uniformly dispersed Fe atoms with an interatomic distance of less than 2 Å throughout the SA Fe‐N/C structure are revealed through X‐ray absorption spectral analysis and HAADF‐STEM images, which possessed a high Fe loading of 2.69%. The degradation rate of bisphenol A (BPA) approached 99% within 5 min, with the observed rate constant (kobs) of the catalysts markedly increasing from 0.070 to 0.615 min−1. The catalyst‐mediated electron transfer pathway is identified as the predominant mechanism for BPA degradation. Both experimental data and DFT analysis of the nitrogen ligands demonstrated that pyridinic N‐coordinated Fe single atoms are the principal active sites, attributed to the enhanced electron density and delocalization concentrated around the Fe sites. These findings significantly elucidate the role of nitrogen ligands in designing efficient lignin‐derived carbon single‐atom catalysts for environmental applications.
Machine Learning‐Assisted Microstructural Quantification of Multiphase Cathode Composites in All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Correlation with Battery Performance
Authors: Hwang Heesu , Jeong Hyeseong , Cho Jeong‐Won , Oh Youkeun , Kim Dokyun , Shin Dongwook , Lee Jong‐Ho , Kim Hyoungchul , Hwang Jin‐Ha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicrostructure optimization and high‐performance material development are crucial for improving the electrochemical performance of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). Researchers frequently record numerous micro‐scale or nano‐scale electron micrographs for unbiased post‐mortem analysis, performance evaluation, and improvement of ASSBs. However, these micrographs are often underutilized and typically analyzed qualitatively without ensuring an accurate representation of the experimental objectives. This study explores machine learning (ML)‐based quantitative analysis techniques using electron microscopy images, combined with a stereology‐driven linear‐intercept concept method and semantic segmentation, to extract quantitative microstructural parameters for optimizing ASSB performance. The applicability of ML‐assisted image analytics is demonstrated by employing composite cathodes in ASSBs to achieve unbiased automation and deep semantic segmentation during microstructural characterization. Furthermore, the ramifications of this ML‐assisted method are discussed, along with its advantages and disadvantages in battery research.
Unveiling Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries with Prussian Blue Analogue Cathodes
Authors: Tan Xu , Gao Chenyang , Luo Zhifen , Fan Weijia , Xiong Xiaosong , Shi Zezhong , Zhang Ningxun , Yang Zheng , Ma Yuan , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Zhong Yiren , He Jiarui , Zhu Zhi , Wang Faxing , Wang Tao , Lu Bingan , Wu Yuping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAqueous rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries have considerable advantages and potentials in the application of large‐scale energy storage systems, owing to its high safety, abundant potassium resources, and environmental friendliness. However, the practical applications are fraught with numerous challenges. Identification of suitable cathode materials and potassium storage mechanisms are of great significance. Herein, an aqueous potassium‐ion battery comprising Prussian blue analogs cathode (K1.15Fe[Fe(CN)6]·1.36H2O) and perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic anode is designed, which delivers a high energy density of 52.0 Wh kg−1 and excellent cycling stability with high capacity retention of 84.5% after 4000 cycles. Importantly, a synergistic study of the relationships among crystal structure, spin state, kinetics, and electrochemical performances is thoroughly conducted. By employing in situ and ex situ characterizations, the potassium storage mechanism is comprehensively elucidated from multiple perspectives.
A Fused Membrane‐Camouflaged Biomimetic Nanosystem for Dual‐Targeted Therapy of Septic Arthritis
Authors: Yu Zeping , Wang Mengxian , Li Junqiao , Xu Hong , Zhang Wenli , Xing Fei , Li Jian , Yang Jiaojiao , Xiong Yan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to the inherent aseptic and enclosed characteristics of joint cavity, septic arthritis (SA) almost inevitably leads to intractable infections and rapidly progressing complex pathological environments. Presently, SA faces not only the deficient effectiveness of the gold‐standard systemic antibiotic therapy but also the scarcity of effective localized targeted approaches and standardized animal models. Herein, an ingenious multifunctional nanosystem is designed, which involves the methylation of hyaluronic acid (HA), copolymerization with DEGDA, loading with vancomycin (VAN), and then coating with fused macrophage‐platelet membrane (denoted as FM@HA@VAN). Upon intra‐articular administration, FM@HA@VAN nanoparticles exhibit sustained retention and selectively targeting to infected sites, leveraging macrophage‐mediated inflammation homing and platelet‐directed bacteria targeting. The acidic microenvironment triggers responsive release of vancomycin, leading to potent bactericidal effects. Subsequently, the exposed HA@VAN nanoparticles are efficiently internalized by activated macrophages, releasing HA to alleviate oxidative stress and achieve chondroprotection by inhibiting pro‐inflammatory cytokines, neutralizing ROS and upregulating macrophage M2 polarization. In vivo model and experiments confirm the efficacy of this dual‐targeting antibacterial approach, demonstrating its precision in eradicating bacterial infections and alleviating associated pathological processes, including synovial hyperplasia and cartilage erosion. The dual‐targeting therapeutic nanosystem, coordinated with fused‐membranes, holds promise for enhancing the treatment efficacy of SA.
Synergistic Enhancement of Ligand & Cluster Connectivity to Construct Highly Stable Fluorescein‐Based MOFs with Thickened Channel Walls for Boosting Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Li Han‐Shu , Zheng Ruiting , Liu Yanhong , Pei Li , Wu Pengyan , Yang Yan , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFabricating visible‐light‐responsive metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) with high stability and effective catalytic functionality remains a long‐term pursuit yet a great challenge. Herein, a strategy of increasing ligand and cluster connectivity is developed to construct highly stable fluorescein MOFs, La‐CFL, presenting a new (4,8)‐connected topological structure compared to Cd‐FL constructed using 6‐connected dinuclear clusters and 3‐connected tritopic ligands. La8(CFL)4 containers like Chinese “Ritual Wine Vessels (Jue)” resemble linear arrangements interconnected by the [La2(COO)4] clusters. This arrangement induces benzene rings and xanthene rings to locate on the inner walls of 1D channels, resulting in thicker channel walls that contribute to enhanced stability. Consequently, La‐CFL demonstrates outstanding catalytic performance in thiol–ene reactions under green LED irradiation. It exhibits 2.3 times higher efficiency than Cd‐FL while reducing reaction time to one‐fifth at 20 min. Furthermore, La‐CFL displays size‐selective catalysis and retains full activity for 20 cycles without degradation, an improvement over Cd‐FL's recyclability limitations.
Patterning of Photochromic Diarylethene Crystals by Sublimation for Morphological Controls
Authors: Isobe Mami , Kitagawa Daichi , Kobatake Seiya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA patterned growth of crystals of 1,2‐bis(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a) on the glass substrate with convex guides is reported by sublimation methods. The lower supersaturation of substrate surfaces with higher temperatures can facilitate the vapor‐to‐liquid process rather than the vapor‐to‐crystal process in the early stage of the sublimation. Micro‐droplets of melts of 1a are generated on the sidewalls of the convex guides, then crystallized into the microcrystals, accompanied by the rearrangements of the crystallographic in‐plane orientations. Moreover, the crystalline patterns fringed with the rod crystals are colored red upon irradiation with ultraviolet light. This well‐controllability of crystal morphologies in a simple use of sublimation methods will pave the way for large‐sized photomechanical materials with the desired morphologies.
Stable Electrochemical Lithium Extraction Using LiMn2O4 Coated With Lithiated Nafion
Authors: Xue Ning , Zhang Yuyao , Wu Xiaoyan , Yu Jiameng , Zhang Yining , Wei Ran , Yu Yi , Cui Yuanyuan , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes using LiMn2O4 (LMO) presents an eco‐friendly, highly controllable, and efficient method. However, its practical application is limited due to its structure instability and manganese dissolution in water. Herein, a high‐performance LMO coated with ≈3.5 nm thickness lithiated Nafion (Li‐Nafion) for electrochemical lithium extraction is reported. The Li‐Nafion coating constructs a fast lithium‐ion transport pathway and enhances the hydrophilicity of the LMO particles, promoting charge transfer and improving rate capability. Thereby, an enhanced lithium extraction capacity of 4 mmol g−1 is achieved. Importantly, the coating significantly inhibits Mn loss in LMO, resulting in significantly improved cyclic stability, with a capacity retention rate of 96% after 50 cycles. Furthermore, the Li‐Nafion modified LMO effectively extracts lithium electrochemically in Zabuye salt lake, showcasing practical potential.
Botnets Attack Detection Using Bio‐Inspired Deep Learning Techniques in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
Authors: Haq Baseer Ul , Faisal Mohammad , Zahid khan Muhammad , Rahman Haseeb Ur , Hussain Tariq 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAccording to the experts, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is the next big thing and a revolutionary technology that is fast and provides more accurate diagnoses to deliver efficient healthcare services with reduced costs. The IoMT network mostly consists of low computational power devices, which makes them an easy target for serious security and privacy threats, one of which is botnet attacks. Botnet attacks pose a severe threat to IoMT, and detecting them in a timely and accurate manner is crucial for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive medical data. A botnet in IoMT leads to attacks on confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, and availability of data and resources. The existing approaches have failed to accurately identify and detect botnet attack traffic in the IoMT environment. To accurately identify and detect botnet attacks in the IoMT environment, we proposed deep learning techniques. This is a novel botnet attack detection system for IoMT that utilizes feed‐forward neural networks (FFNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). First, we train the system using FFNN to identify and extract relevant features from the network traffic generated by IoMT devices. We then retrain the system using CNN to enhance its accuracy and performance in detecting botnet attacks. In this regard, we achieved a high accuracy of 99.94%, which is a notable achievement. To assess the overall performance, this study has incorporated various important metrics, such as accuracy (99.8%), F1 score (1.00%), specificity (0.998), sensitivity (0.997), precision (1.00), and ROC AUC (0.998). For a secure and reliable IoMT, detection is insufficient; we must also take steps to prevent IoMT attacks.
Experiences with Japanese Kampo medicine for pain management in Germany
Authors: Reißenweber‐Hewel Heidrun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBased on a longstanding tradition of herbal medicine usage, plant‐based drugs today have the status of well‐controlled registered pharmacy‐only drugs in Germany. More than two thirds of the German population are regularly taking herbal medicinal products confirming the high acceptance of phytotherapy.Among other foreign herbal traditions, Japanese traditional herbal Kampo medicine with its unique diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics and high level of scientific evidence meets growing interest in Germany and is applied by medical doctors within the framework of integrative medicine. Main indications for Kampo prescriptions are various functional complaints and chronic conditions, among them also chronic pain.Representing our clinical experiences with Kampo treatment in Germany over many years, four exemplary clinical cases are presented here, where Kampo prescriptions were successfully administered to German outpatients to relieve pain. The conditions were: two different patient cases suffering from recurrent migraines, one case of chronic abdominal pain due to adhesions, and a case of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).In all four cases, Kampo diagnostics including abdominal palpation helped to identify considerable microcirculatory impairment (oketsu) as the main underlying pathologic condition. Individual Kampo therapy resulted in substantial relief of pain and prevention of recurrent attacks. Concurrently, the general constitution of the patients improved, including sleep, vitality, and appetite.Along with conventional biomedicine, Kampo herbal therapy can provide a comprehensive option not only to ameliorate chronic pain but to improve quality of life and thus to facilitate the overall multimodal management of chronic pain conditions.
Novel approach to thoracoscopic removal of a mediastinal neuroendocrine tumour in a dog
Authors: Connolly Christopher , Porter Ian , Balkman Cheryl , Buote Nicole 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old, female, spayed bloodhound mix was presented for a 9‐day history of right‐sided Horner's syndrome. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a right‐sided, 4.1 × 2.2 cm, round, soft tissue opacity located in the cranial aspect of the dorsal mediastinum ventral to the T2–T3 vertebrae. Due to the location of the tumour, a novel approach with the patient in sternal recumbency was performed. The mass was highly vascular, but was successfully removed through this technique and the patient recovered uneventfully. The patient was started on chemotherapy for a total of 13 months postoperatively, and was euthanased for unrelated reasons 24 months after surgery.
Time‐Dependent Vibrational Coupled Cluster Theory With Static and Dynamic Basis Functions
Authors: Højlund Mads Greisen , Zoccante Alberto , Jensen Andreas Buchgraitz , Christiansen Ove 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, coupled cluster theory has proven valuable in accurately describing correlation in many‐body systems, particularly in time‐independent computations of molecular electronic structure and vibrations. This review describes recent advancements in using coupled cluster parameterizations for time‐dependent wave functions for the efficient computation of the quantum dynamics associated with the motion of nuclei. It covers time‐dependent vibrational coupled cluster (TDVCC) and time‐dependent modal vibrational coupled cluster (TDMVCC), which employ static and adaptive basis sets, respectively. We discuss the theoretical foundation, including many‐mode second quantization, bivariational principles, and various parameterizations of time‐dependent bases. Additionally, we highlight key features that make TDMVCC promising for future quantum dynamical simulations. These features include fast configuration‐space convergence, the use of a compact adaptive basis set, and the possibility of efficient implementations with a computational cost that scales only polynomially with system size.
Soft X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy With a Flat Liquid Jet in Vacuum Using a Table‐Top Laser‐Induced Plasma Source
Authors: Holburg Jonathan , Figul Stephan , Charvat Ales , Bluhm Hendrik , Abel Bernd , Marowsky Gerd , Mai Dong‐Du , Mann Klaus 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this work, we demonstrate the integration of a flat liquid jet sample delivery system into a compact soft x‐ray absorption spectrometer using a table‐top laser‐induced plasma source. A high‐speed flat liquid sheet is formed by the collision of two cylindrical jets. This micrometer‐thin lamella can ideally be utilized for transmission‐mode soft x‐ray absorption spectroscopy using krypton plasma emission. Detailed analysis of the jet's thickness profile is achieved applying Lambert–Beer's law. Measurements on water, focusing on the oxygen K‐edge, reveal a lamella thickness profile ranging from 500 nm to 1 μm over a length of 3.8 mm. Additionally, we have investigated aqueous solutions of iron salts, capturing near edge x‐ray absorption fine structure spectra over a broad spectral range from the nitrogen K‐edge to the iron L‐edge. Focused analysis on iron species in aqueous solutions enabled us to distinguish quantitatively between the oxidation states of Fe2+ and Fe3+ at the iron L‐edge. Our results are compared with measurements obtained under similar conditions at a synchrotron.