bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the Synergistic Potential of 3D Printed Buccal Films and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) For Personalised Cannabidiol Delivery
Authors: Abdella Sadikalmahdi , Kim Sangseo , Afinjuomo Franklin , Song Yunmei , Upton Richard , Garg Sanjay 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Cannabidio(CBD) has been recognized for its numerous therapeutic benefits, such as neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and cardioprotection. However, CBD has some limitations, including unpredictable pharmacokinetics and low oral bioavailability. To overcome the challenges associated with CBD delivery, we employed Design of Experiments (DoE), lipid carriers, and 3D printing techniques to optimize and develop buccal film loaded with CBD-NLCs.
Methods: Three-factor Box-Behnken Design was carried out to optimise the NLCs and analyse the effect of independent factors on dependent factors. The emulsification-ultrasonication technique was used to prepare the NLCs. A pressure-assisted micro-syringe printing technique was used to produce the films. The produced films were studied for physicochemical, and mechanical properties, release profiles, and predicted in vivo performance.
Results: The observed particle size of the NLCs ranged from 12.17 to 84.91nm whereas the PDI varied from 0.099 to 0.298. Lipid and sonication time positively affected the particle size whereas the surfactant concentration was inversely related. CBD was incorporated into the optimal formulation and the observed particle size, PDI, and zeta potential for the CBD-NLCs were 94.2 ±0.47nm, 0.11± 0.01 and−11.8 ± 0.52 mV. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based gel containing the CBD-NLCs was prepared and used as a feed for 3D printing. The CBD-NLCs film demonstrated a two-phase in vitro release profile, wherein an initial burst release of 47% occurred within the first 2h. The predicted AUC0–10h, Cmax, and Tmax were 201.5µg·h/L, 0.74 µg/L, and 1.28 h for a film with 0.4 mg of CBD, respectively.
Conclusion: The finding demonstrates that a buccal film of CBD-NLCs can be fabricated using 3D printing.
Targeted suppression of siRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis pollen reveals distinct Pol IV activities in the sperm and vegetative cell lineages
Authors: Pachamuthu Kannan , Simon Matthieu , Borges Filipe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In plants, small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are mainly produced from transposable elements (TEs) within the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway (RdDM), which is particularly important during reproductive development in many plant species. However, there is limited understanding of the origins, dynamics and function of TE-derived siRNAs acting in different cellular and developmental contexts. Here, we used the RNaseIII-like protein RTL1 to suppress siRNA biogenesis specifically in Arabidopsis pollen, and found distinct siRNA subsets produced in the sperm and vegetative cell lineages via RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV). We show that gametophytic siRNAs produced in the vegetative cell reinforce RdDM in pollen and interploidy hybridization barriers in the seed, while siRNAs produced specifically in sperm cells do not impact the epigenome and are dispensable for the “triploid block”. These results demonstrate that active siRNA biogenesis in the two pollen cell types has contrasting roles in transposon silencing and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
The development of a novel sexual health promotion intervention for young people with mental ill-health: the PROSPEct project.
Authors: Nolan Hayley , O'Donoghue Brian , Simmons Magenta , Zbukvic Isabel , Ratcliff Sophia , Milton Alyssa , Hughes Elizabeth , Thompson Andrew , Brown Ellie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Young people with mental ill-health have higher rates of high-risk sexual behaviour, poorer sexual health outcomes, and lower satisfaction with their sexual wellbeing compared to their peers. Ensuring good sexual health in this cohort is a public health concern, but best practice intervention in the area remains under-researched. The study aimed to co-produce a novel intervention to address the sexual health needs of young people with mental ill-health to test its effectiveness in a future trial.
Methods
We followed the 2022 Medical Research Council (MRC) guidelines for developing and evaluating complex interventions. This involved synthesising evidence from the 'top down' (published evidence) and 'bottom up' (stakeholder views). We combined systematic review findings with data elicited from qualitative interviews and focus groups with young people, carers, and clinicians and identified critical cultural issues.
Results
Existing evidence in the field of sexual health in youth mental health was limited but suggested the need to address sexual wellbeing as a concept broader than an absence of negative health outcomes. The Information-Motivation-Belief model was chosen as the theoretical Framework on which to base the intervention. Interviews/focus groups were conducted with 29 stakeholders (18 clinicians, three carers, and eight young people). Synthesis of the evidence gathered resulted in the co-design of a novel intervention consisting of an initial consultation and four 60-90-minute sessions delivered individually by a clinician with additional training in sexual health. Barriers and supports to intervention success were also identified.
Conclusions
Using the MRC Framework has guided the co-development of a potentially promising intervention that addresses the sexual health needs of young people with mental ill-health. The next step is to test the intervention in a one-arm feasibility trial.
Automatic anomaly detection in engineering diagrams using machine learning
Authors: Shin Ho-Jin , Lee Ga-Young , Lee Chul-Jin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study implements a method of automating anomaly detection in engineering diagrams by extracting patterns within graphs after recognizing graphs from Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID). The framework consists of three parts: graph generation, subgraph extraction, and graph classification. Graphs are generated through symbol recognition and line recognition, and subgraphs are extracted using the frequent subgraph mining algorithm. The graph classification targets are divided into two categories according to the frequency of the main equipment of the extracted subgraph. If the frequency is low, it is classified through whether to include a user-defined subgraph, and if it is high, it is trained in a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm after vector embedding to generate a classification model. K-fold cross-validation is also applied to increase classification accuracy. The proposed framework shows 85% accuracy for a given test drawing through cross-validation. These outcomes contribute to the field of plant diagram analysis and have potential applications in various industries.
Periodic Law Patterns of Sequence Stratigraphy
Authors: Li Shaohu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Based on the current theory of sequence stratigraphy, this study employs stillstand normal regression (SNR) to replace the method of highstand normal regression (HNR) to establish shoreline trajectory and sediment supply models of off-lap and onlap-type sequences, respectively. The basic principle of the digital model-driven approach in this study is to decompose the shoreline trajectory (fst) and sediment supply trajectory (fss) into their vertical and horizontal projection vectors to establish periodic sufficient condition of shoreline trajectory and sediment supply trajectory, aiming to obtain the remnant maximum flooding surface (RMFS) and/or its intersecting subaerial unconformity (ISU) sequence model: HST (SNR)-FSST (FR)-LST (LNR)-TST (T). This model established the synchronic necessary condition of shoreline trajectory and sediment supply trajectory and obtained the periodic law patterns of sequence stratigraphy, proposed as “two rhombuses sandwiching one subaerial unconformity”. This study defines a sequence as: a sequence is a stratigraphic unit constrained by periodic sufficient condition and synchronic necessary condition of shoreline and sediment supply trajectories and is composed of a relatively conformable succession of genetically interrelated strata bounded at their top and base by RMFS and/or intersecting subaerial unconformities (ISU). Moreover, the periodic laws of sequence stratigraphy show that the RMFS is almost potentially correlative to the lower boundary of the stage B (global boundary stratotype section and point) of chronostratigraphic units and close to the biohorizon or first appearance datums (first appearance datums) of biostratigraphic units.
Mid-infrared photodetector spectrometer concept based on ultra-thin all-dielectric metamaterial with azimuth-incidence-angle tuned perfect optical absorption: Design and analysis
Authors: Avrahamy Roy , Zohar Moshe , Milgrom Benjamin , Auslender Mark 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Novel concepts for efficient compact spectroscopy are extensively researched due to their fundamental applications in prominent fields such as biology, pharmaceutical, chemistry, physics, and environment. Here we aim to introduce such a concept with potentially unprecedented, to the best of our knowledge, resolution in the impinging radiation's spectra and azimuth. Though it can be employed in various spectral regions, we exemplify the concept in the mid-infrared, in which its advantages are paramount and have yet to be established industrially. The concept is based on the design and instrumentation of optical absorption spectral tuning (or sensitivity) to the azimuthal component of light impinging on specifically-designed metamaterials. We exemplify the concept with vacuum-wavelength (λ0) scale thick metamaterials optimized for perfect photo-absorption inside an embedded λ0/200 ultra-thin layer of lead telluride. We propose and analyze two small-footprint system designs to instrument the spectral-azimuth-angle tuning for spectrometry. The first is based on a single or few spinning metamaterial layout elements (pixels), and the second, to avoid spinning, follows a fixed focal-plane-array approach. The latter exploits the inherent variations in the local azimuthal-incidence angle instead of the typically utilized slightly varying polar angles. While low absorption is the Achilles heel of conventional mid-infrared photodetector spectrometers, the optimized pixels, in addition to their unique spectral-azimuth-angle tuning functionality, provide giant absorption enhancement, which facilitates higher resolution and even smaller in-plane form factor.
The highlighted concept opens an additional dimension to encode and decode spectral information, which yields profound advantages over conventional designs as diffraction gratings based.
Tree architecture modulates the trends in greenness and water content of European forest canopies
Authors: Alkama Ramdane , Girardello Marco , Ceccherini Guido , Forzieri Giovanni , Koffi Ernest N. , Roebroek Caspar , Cescatti Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The ongoing rapid changes in climate pose significant pressures on forests’ health and growth with modalities that are still poorly understood1–3. Trees’ structural properties like tree height, leaf and root biomass, result from the interplay between plant physiology and key environmental factors like temperature and water. On the other hand, the combination of these structural properties and site characteristics controls the functioning of trees and their sensitivity to environmental stressors. The unbalance between tree architecture and environmental conditions driven by climate change may therefore affect plant growth, vulnerability and mortality, ultimately affecting the stability of the terrestrial carbon cycle and the mitigation potential of land-based climate solutions 4 . Here we use satellite data and machine learning to assess the response of European forests to changing climate over 2001-2020. We show that tree architecture, topography and soil characteristics largely control the recent trend in forest greenness and dryness. Specifically, our results show that tree height and the vertical distribution of leaves have a strong effect on the canopy decline observed in large areas of Europe, with toller trees having leaves close to the top that show browning and drying signals. In addition, we demonstrate that the negative impact of recent climate trends is exacerbated on south-facing slopes and in nutrient-rich soil with high bulk density. These architectural and environmental controls of the trees’ response to climate are currently not accounted for in vegetation models, which therefore poorly represent the recent pattern of forest dieback 5,6, and may therefore underestimate the risks of natural disturbances and tree mortality. These findings unveil the drivers of the worrying trends in EU forest conditions. In parallel, they offer valuable insights for the development of climate-effective practices for the management of EU forests under the pressure of climate change.
Selection on size has generated distinctive paired wing flight systems for butterfly flight and migration
Authors: Childers Richard Rabideau , Cai Liming , Chowdhury Shawan , Crall James , Cornwall Mark , Sipe Rachel Hawkins , Maier Crystal , Maunsell Sarah , Talavera Gerard , Tsai Cheng-Chia , Angier Katherine , Barve Vijay , Dankowicz Evan , Hinolan Jomar , Itliong Micael , Naive Mark Arcebal , Johnson Gunnar , Matos Francisco , Morgan Valentina , Plotkin David , Salcedo Mary , Shirey Vaughn , Vermilya Kimberly , Winstanley Jalen , Wu Amy , Guralnick Robert , Kawahara Akito , Lohman David , Ries Leslie , Soucy Edward , Vila Roger , Yu Nanfang , Pierce Naomi , Chan Wei-Ping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Butterfly migration across great distances is testimony to their impressive aeronautical skills. Wing size and shape are two key determinants of flight performance, and in butterflies, the specific configuration of forewings to hindwings including the overlapping area between them can have profound effects on overall size and shape. Here we use quantitative morphometrics to analyze the wing size, shape, and flight performance of 190 exemplar species representing a tribal-level phylogeny of Papilionoidea. We identify three morphological ‘flight systems’ that are characterized by these fore- and hindwing configurations (small [beating], medium, and large [gliding]), and our data suggest that the emergence of these systems coincided with periods of paleoclimatic upheaval. A higher proportion of migratory species have wings characteristic of gliders, and their degree of host specialization appears to be more flexible than that of counterparts with beating wings.
On-Line Data-Driven Control for Uncertain Systems Based on Greedy Algorithm
Authors: Shen Jiahui , Liu Xinggao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Considering a result that persistently exciting data can used to replace the linear system model, this paper is devoted to applying this result in the field of data-driven control of nonlinear systems. An on-line iteration based on greedy algorithm to stabilize uncertain discrete-time systems is proposed. The method tends to obtain the approximate optimal control through solving a series of programming problems. Every programming problem is linear for the convenience of solving. Besides, in particular, the methods requires few prior conditions, as long as the system is controllable and observable and the equilibrium state of the system is known. First, we prove that under certain circumstances, the solution of our linear matrix inequality can stabilize the system. Next, a multi-objective programming problem is proposed to dealing with situations where the required conditions are unknown. Finally, an on-line iteration is used to enhance robustness as well as real-time evaluation. The method is illustrated to be effective through a simulation on a discretized inverted pendulum system under repeated experiments.
Your smartphone could act as a pulse-oximeter and as a single-lead ECG
Authors: Mehmood Ahsan , Sarouji Asma , Rahman Muhammad Mahboob Ur , Al-Naffouri Tareq 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the post-covid19 era, every new wave of the pandemic causes an increased concern/interest among the masses to learnmore about their state of well-being. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to come up with ubiquitous, low-cost, non-invasivetools for rapid and continuous monitoring of body vitals that reflect the status of one’s overall health. In this backdrop, this workproposes a deep learning approach to turn a smartphone—the popular hand-held personal gadget—into a diagnostic tool tomeasure/monitor the three most important body vitals, i.e., pulse rate (PR), blood oxygen saturation level (aka SpO2), andrespiratory rate (RR). Furthermore, we propose another method that could extract a single-lead electrocardiograph (ECG)of the subject. The proposed methods include the following core steps: subject records a small video of his/her fingertip byplacing his/her finger on the rear camera of the smartphone, and the recorded video is pre-processed to extract the filteredand/or detrended video-photoplethysmography (vPPG) signal, which is then fed to custom-built convolutional neural networks(CNN), which eventually spit-out the vitals (PR, SpO2, and RR) as well as a single-lead ECG of the subject. To be precise,the contribution of this paper is two-fold: 1) estimation of the three body vitals (PR, SpO2, RR) from the vPPG data usingcustom-built CNNs, vision transformer, and most importantly by CLIP model (a popular image-caption-generator model); 2) anovel discrete cosine transform+feedforward neural network-based method that translates the recorded video-PPG signal to asingle-lead ECG signal. The significance of this work is two-fold: i) it allows rapid self-testing of body vitals (e.g., self-monitoringfor covid19 symptoms), ii) it enables rapid self-acquisition of a single-lead ECG, and thus allows early detection of atrialfibrillation (abormal heart beat or arrhythmia), which in turn could enable early intervention in response to a range of cardiovascular diseases,and could help save many precious lives. Our work could help reduce the burden on healthcare facilities and could lead toreduction in health insurance costs.
Polyphenol addition to cooked ham modifies the abundance of fecal volatile metabolites involved in the formation of preneoplastic colon lesions
Authors: Giménez-Campillo Claudia , Campillo Natalia , Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia , Martínez Carlos M. , Minguela Carlos de Torre , Viñas Pilar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that haem iron from processed meat is a key element involved in the colon carcinogenesis. The haem iron induces lipid peroxidation in the colon lumen during digestion, enabling the formation of cytotoxic molecules derived from these reactions. The cytotoxic molecules generated are highly dependent on dietary factors such as lipid sources, calcium levels or the presence of antioxidants during digestion. Here, we investigated whether nitrite substitution by polyphenols as a food additive could modulate the in vivo luminal lipid peroxidation in the colon and consequently, reduce the formation of mucin-depleted foci in a chemical-induced colon cancer rat model. The addition of polyphenols to the cooked ham increases its antioxidant capacity, reducing the lipid peroxidation measured before and during the digestion. We observed a reduction in cytotoxic aldehydes in fecal water from animals fed with polyphenols as well as a decrease in the formation of mucin-depleted foci. The antioxidant capacity derived from polyphenols modifies the luminal environment of the colon, allowing the identification of a specific molecular signature derived from the analysis of fecal volatile organic compounds. In this molecular signature is included the reduction in the abundance of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienal, a carcinogenic aldehyde derived from lipid peroxidation.
Machine-learning predictions for acute kidney injuries after coronary artery bypass grafting: A real-life muticenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jia Tianchen , Xu Kai , Bai Yun , Lv Mengwei , Shan Lingtong , Li Wei , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Zhi , Wang Zhenhua , Zhao Xin , Li Mingliang , Zhang Yangyang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is associated with poor outcomes. The objective of this study was to apply a new machine learning (ML) method to establish prediction models of AKI after CABG.
Methods
Totally 2780 patients from two medical centers in East China who underwent primary isolated CABG were enrolled. Then the dataset was randomly divided for model training (80%) and model testing (20%). Four ML models based on LightGBM, Support vector machine (SVM), Softmax and random forest (RF) algorithms respectively were established on Python. A total of 2051 patients from two other medical centers were assigned to an external validation group to verify the performances of the ML prediction models. The models were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic, Bland-Altman plots, and decision curve analysis. The outcome of the LightGBM model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).
Results
The incidence of postoperative AKI in the modeling group was 13.4%. Similarly, the incidence of postoperative AKI of the two medical centers in the external validation group was 8.2% and 13.6% respectively. LightGBM performed the best in predicting, with an AUC of 0.8027 in internal validation group and 0.8798 and 0.7801 in the external validation group. The SHAP revealed the top 20 predictors of postoperative AKI ranked according to the importance, and the top three features on prediction were the serum creatinine in the first 24h after operation, the last preoperative Scr level, and body surface area.
Conclusion
This study provides a LightGBM predictive model that can make accurate predictions for AKI after CABG surgery. This ML model shows good predictive ability in both internal and external validation. It can help cardiac surgeons identify high-risk patients who may experience AKI after CABG surgery.
Reproductive behavior of Ogre-faced spider, Deinopis cf. cylindracea, in its natural habitat
Authors: Ponte Rafael Pereira da , Stefani Vanessa , Villanueva-Bonilla German Antonio , Vasconcellos-Neto João 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In the present study, the reproductive behavior of a representative of the Deinopidae family, Deinopis cf. cylindracea, has been described for the first time. The behavioral aspects observed were the construction of the male’s spermatic web, male’s approach to fertilization, and end of the couple’s pairing. As soon as a male found a female, he was observed to promote sperm induction. The spermatic web is a Y-shaped web, whose internal space forms a flat surface onto which the male deposits his gametes, which are then collected by his copulatory bulbs from the opposite side of the web. After transferring the spermatic drops to the pedipalp, the male walked towards the female, approaching her from the dorsal-abdominal region using the dragline thread of the web. The male used his legs to touch both the web and female spider, inducing the female to let go, and positioned her ventral region towards her cephalothorax. The couple hung upside down, with the cephalothorax suspended perpendicular to the floor by a silk thread. In this position, the male inserted the plunger of the copulatory bulb into the female epigynum and transferred the sperm. The male separated quickly by extending his legs and moving away, returning to a superior position in relation to the female. The female, in turn, returned to the prey-ready posture, clipping the capture net again and positioning herself in the same manner as before the reproductive behavior.