bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating passenger emissions from airfares supports equitable climate action
Authors: van Ewijk Stijn , Chaudhary Shitiz , Berrill Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Air travel generates a substantial and growing share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Reduction efforts partly rely on estimates of emissions per passenger, which may be used for carbon budgets, offsets, or taxes. Aircraft emissions are typically allocated to individual passengers through space-based allocation dependent on seating arrangements by travel class. However, the operation of aircraft depends on profitability, which benefits from high fares from late bookings, often by business and high-income travellers. Fare-based allocation recognises the economic drivers of airline emissions by allocating the aircraft emissions proportionally to the paid airfares. In this article, we compare space-based passenger emissions, which differ only by class, with fare-based passenger emissions, which depend on the fare paid by the individual traveller. We extract space-based allocation factors from widely used emission calculators and derive fare-based allocation factors from airfares for domestic travel in the US. We find that the space-based allocation factors reflect the difference in average expenditure by travel class but not the difference in expenditure between travellers. With fare-based accounting, the most expensive economy trips have similar emissions to space-based premium trips, while less expensive premium trips have similar emissions to space-based economy trips. We find that a tax on fare-based instead of space-based emissions leads to a more evenly distributed impact on low-fare and high-fare travellers whilst achieving the same reduction in airline revenues. We conclude that fare-based emissions accounting better reflects the drivers of airline emissions and supports more equitable climate action.
Urban Agriculture Exploration Strategy: Case Study of Mushroom and Freshwater Fish Cultivation in West Surabaya
Authors: Sutini S , Guniarti G , Widiwurjani W , Augustien Nora , Pribadi Didik Utomo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Urban agriculture is constrained by the increasingly unstoppable level of urbanization which has an impact on the agricultural land in urban areas reduction. This kind of problem need to find alternative solutions, they are; integrating urban agriculture with the environment, partnership activities, e.g., with universities and sustainable diversification. The purpose of this article is to explore urban agriculture: a case study of mushroom and freshwater fish cultivation in West Surabaya. The writing of this article includes case studies related to oyster mushroom cultivation, inland waters and their diversification. Data collection methods include intensive documentation and interviews with farmers, city governments, partnerships and consumer organizations. The data collected was analyzed by matching the data with urban agricultural scheme as a literature study result. The results obtained show that there are partnerships with universities as evidenced by the existence of Community Service Program activities carried out together with urban farmers. And also the sustainability of processed fish and mushroom diversification. However, it is necessary to have a processed diversification training program as well as bringing together prospective consumers more intensively, and alternative waste handling that is safe for the environment.
Socio Characteristics of Citronella Farmers in Kedungrandu Village, Banyumas District
Authors: Zulkifli Lutfi , Hartati Anny , Widjojoko Tatang , Wijayanti Irene Kartika Eka , Elyanto Adwi Herry Koesoema , Mandamdari Alpha Nadeira , Novia Rifki Andi , Sunendar  
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Citronella is one of the leading commodities that have competitiveness and high export demand. Citronella is one of the primary ingredients for making essential oils. However, there are not many studies on the individual characteristics of Citronella farmers from a socio-economic point of view. This study aims to understand and analyze the personal characteristics of Citronella farmers in terms of gender, age, last education, farmers’ primary and secondary jobs, experience in farming and cultivation of Citronella, training attended by farmers, and the number of dependents of each farmer’s family. The research method used a survey method with the Simple Random Sampling technique. The data analysis tool used is descriptive statistics analysis. The results showed that the majority of Citronella farmers are male, aged 41-60 years. Most citronella farmers are educated up to elementary school and have their primary job as farm laborers. Citronella farmers mostly have side jobs as farm laborers for other commodities and, on average, have more than 20 years of experience in farming. However, the majority of citronella farmers only have less than three years of experience cultivating citronella.
Effects of rice husk biochar (RHB) with combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth of maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Aufa Ain A.S. , Noraini M.J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For optimal plant growth and productivity, agricultural activity is dependent on soil quality and nutrient availability. Soil amendment such as rice husk biochar (RHB), which abundantly found in Malaysia, are capable of improving soil fertility due to its longevity and other benefits to soil biota, including beneficial soil fungi and bacteria such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). AMF are well-known for their capacity to improve plant nutrient uptake, particularly P, which is essential for plant growth. Similarly, PSB, which is a beneficial bacteria, are able to solubilize phosphate into soluble form thus enhance the P availability for plant. However, the combination effect of AMF and PSB in the presence of RHB is not known. Thus, in order to assess the effects of AMF and PSB in the presence of RHB on soil properties and maize growth, a pot experiment was done. Randomized completely block design (RCBD) arrangement was applied to the following treatments: T1 (control), T2 (RHB), T3 (AMF), T4 (PSB), T5 (+RHB, +AMF), T6 (+AMF, +PSB), T7 (+RHB, +PSB) and T8 (+RHB, +AMF, +PSB). About 10 t/ha RHB was added to the soils for treatments T2, T5, T7, and T8. Ten grams of AMF inoculum and double application of PSB were applied to their respective treatments. Plant growth and soils sampling were done at 45 days after planting (DAP). Results showed that T7 gave 137% root biomass and 123% P uptake higher than control. Our findings were in line with our hypothesis (application of RHB, AMF or PSB or their combination would improve maize growth compared to control, in which T8 gave highest root volume and 150% higher than control. The results suggested that there were positive and synergistic effects of beneficial soil microorganisms (AMF or/and PSB) either with or without RHB. Thus, these combined inoculations and RHB application could be used in biofertilizer formulations to increase the maize growth and yield in sustainable agriculture system.
Healthy organic coconut sugar powder business’s development strategy: A case study at the Nira Perwira Cooperative, Purbalingga District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dharmawan Budi , Suyono  , Sutanto Agus , Wijayanti Irene Kartika , Putri Dindy Darmawati 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEfforts to establish the Nira Perwira cooperative to increase the added value of coconut sugar powder through better processing and export orientation are still hampered by a number of challenges. Uncertainty in supply and the quality of supply from partner farmers are two of the difficulties encountered. These research objectives are to 1) analyze the external and internal factors of the Nira Perwira Cooperative in developing the organic coconut sugar powder business; 2) analyze the Nira Perwira Cooperative’s position in the organic coconut sugar powder; and 3) analyze alternative strategies that can be used in developing the Nira Perwira Cooperative’s organic coconut sugar powder. The study makes use of both secondary and primary data gathered through interviews, observation, recording, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The case study method was used in this study. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), External Factor Evaluation (EFE), Internal-External (IE), Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) were used to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that the IFE value was 2.28 and the EFE value was 3.06, indicating that the cooperative position is in quadrant II of the IE matrix. Based on the SWOT analysis, the Nira Perwira Cooperative’s organic coconut sugar powder development strategy should include more promotional activities, more farmer loyalty, more contracts with third parties, more marketing networks, more competent members to run marketing, and more internal reorganization.
Survivability and Benefit Evaluation of Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. as Active Ingredients of Biopesticides and Soil Fertility Enhancer in Shallot Fields at Wates Village Tulungagung
Authors: Prastiti Rachmanita D , Indrawan Arga D , Suryaminarsih Penta , Mujoko Tri , Widjajani Bakti W 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of research on the Farmer Empowerment Program in Wates Village is to increase knowledge in the field of sustainable agriculture and transfer of technology for the application of biopesticides containing the Biological Control Agent (APH) Streptomyces sp., Trichoderma sp. combined with shallot cultivation technology in the village of Wates Tulungagung. Innovative methods and Participatory Action Research (PAR) are used to encourage transformative action, by involving community members as PAR implementers in describing the types of plants being treated and applying them during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Wates village, Tulungagung District. The results of the evaluation and monitoring of the use of APH as a biopesticide and fungicide to control moler disease caused a decrease in the population of microorganisms, the population of Trichoderma sp. was absent (o) but Streptomyces sp. increase. Giving APH proved that microorganisms act as decomposers that increase the availability of N and P nutrients through their ability to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter given at the beginning of planting. The K nutrient content in the soil before and after treatment did not differ.
Phytochemical Compounds and Antibacterial Activity to Escherichia coli of Green Macro Algae
Authors: Julyasih Ketut Srie Marhaeni , Purnawati Arika 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Escherichia coli is a bacteria found in the large intestine of humans as a normal flora. It’s unique because it can cause primary infection in the intestine such as diarrhea in children. Diarrhea sufferers use drugs derived from chemicals and herbal plants. Furthermore seaweed as the marine biological resources it is important to examine to be an alternative treatment for diarrhea. An antibacterial alternative by development the use of seaweed. needs to be examine. Based on the description above, phytochemical compound of several types of green macro algae and its potential effect as antibacterial activity to inhibit the growth of E.coli bacteria it is necessary to examine, The type of seaweeds that use in this study are Ulva reticulata, Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa. The research results showed that phytochemcal compound of U. reticulata are terpenoid, phenolic, alkaloid. In U. lactuca are steroid, saponin, phenolic and alkaloid. Phytochemcal compound of C. racemosa are phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, and terpenoid. Type of green macro algae U. reticulata had the ability to inhibit the bacteria E.coli growth with a inhibition zone diameter about 6.0 mm U. lactuca about 10 mm, and C. racemosa about 12.0 mm.
“Hulun Hyang” Farmer Group Asset Mapping Using Asset-Based Community Development Methode as an Ex-situ Edelweiss Flower Conservation in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Area (Case Study: Edelweiss Park, Wonokitri Village)
Authors: Rahma Melati Julia , Soemarno Soemarno , Batoro Jati 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the endemic flora that has become an icon in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area is the Edelweiss Flower. The existence of tourism developments makes the demand for Edelweiss flowers as souvenirs even more excellent. It affects the economic value of these commodities. It affects the population decline and threatens its availability for the Tengger indigenous people who use Edelweiss flowers as offerings that other components cannot replace. Since 2017, the Wonokitri Village community has collaborated with Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area to form the Hulun Hyang farmer group to conserve Edelweiss Flower ex-situ. The Hulun Hyang Farmer’s Group has also obtained a breeding permit for Edelweiss Flowers from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regarding wanawiyata widyakarya, which is realized through the development of the Edelweiss Park. It is essential to increase the capacity of managers in Edelweiss Park Development to ensure the sustainability of their activities. In this case, the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach is considered suitable to be applied as a methodology to map assets owned by the Hulun Hyang Farmer Group. This asset mapping is hoped that it can encourage members of the Hulun Hyang Farmer Group to find out detailed information on their capital, which can later be used as a basis for formulating programs to improve skills and collective understanding so that they can develop a sustainable Edelweiss Park agro-ecosystem independently.
The nature and roots of totalitarianism
Authors: Villa Dana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
“The nature and roots of totalitarianism” describes the work that made Arendt internationally famous, The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951). It emphasizes how Arendt viewed Nazi and Soviet totalitarianism as representatives of an unprecedented regime form, one far more radical and novel than previous dictatorships and tyrannies. The chapter examines the European events, attitudes, and practices that, according to Arendt, contributed to the rise of totalitarian regimes. These include imperialism, racism, and anti-Semitism, all of which were pan-European phenomena in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Revolution, constitution, and the “social question”
Authors: Villa Dana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Arendt’s 1963 work, On Revolution, which makes the case that modern revolutions—such as the American and French—are radical beginnings of the sort previously unknown to Western political and philosophical thought. It traces Arendt’s strongly republican interpretation of the American Revolution, pointing out the ways this interpretation diverges from the standard liberal-Lockean story. The chapter also describes why Arendt thought that the French Revolution, which had begun so promisingly, went off the rails as its leaders directed their attention and energy away from the constitutional foundations of a new republic and towards the violent attempt to solve the “social question”—the question of mass poverty in France. Finally, it traces the reasons why Arendt thought the American Revolution, while successful in the task of foundation, failed in the crucial task of preserving the “revolutionary spirit” and the love of public liberty that went with it.
Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria in Inpatient Nonsurgical Adults
Authors: Froom Paul , Shimoni Zvi , Dusseldorp Nathan , Benbassat Jochanan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to determine the proportion of nonsurgical inpatients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) who qualified for urologic investigation according to consensus guidelines.MethodsThe study population included all patients acutely admitted to the internal medicine departments of Israeli regional hospitals between 2014 and 2017.ResultsOf 29,086 consecutive admissions, 10,116 (34.8%) underwent dipstick urinalysis and 8,389 (28.8%) underwent reflex microscopic urinalysis. After the exclusion of patients with a urethral catheter or a positive urine culture, 2,206 had 3 or more RBCs per high-power field, and as many as 2,052 (7.1% of the entire cohort and 24.4% of all patients undergoing microscopic urinalysis) met the criteria for a urologic workup.ConclusionsWe conclude that according to the consensus guidelines, an unreasonably high proportion of hospitalized nonsurgical patients would be referred for a urologic workup of uncertain clinical utility because of an incidental AMH finding.
287 Targeting the inhibitory receptor Siglec-8 on mast cells represents an attractive approach to reduce MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell activation
Authors: Benet Zachary , Wong Alan , Schanin Julia , Youngblood Bradford A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a debilitating type 2 inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by pruritus. Mast cells (MCs) and eosinophils (eos) are elevated in AD tissue. Siglecs are inhibitory receptors found on immune cells, with Siglec-8 selectively expressed on MCs and eos. Engagement of Siglec-8 with antibody results in broad inhibition of MC activation (IgE-dependent and -independent pathways). MCs and eos are key drivers of itch. Crosstalk between skin MCs and sensory neurons contributes to non-histaminergic itch via activation of Mas-related G-protein receptor X2 (MRGPRX2). MRGPRX2-mediated MC activation has been implicated in chronic urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis, however, this mechanism has not been studied in the pathogenesis of AD. We hypothesize that activation of MCs through MRGPRX2 contributes to chronic inflammation and itch in patients with AD. Supernatants were collected from intact ex vivo cultured lesional and non-lesional skin biopsies from donor-matched patients with AD or healthy volunteers. Following ex vivo culture, secreted mediators were quantified using ELISA and meso-scale discovery (MSD). Biopsies were enzymatically digested and MRGPRX2 expression and function were measured using flow cytometry and MSD. Acute MRGPRX2 activation in vivo and the effects of a Siglec-8 monoclonal antibody (mAb), compared with isotype control, were studied in Siglec-8 transgenic mice. MC and eosinophil numbers were increased in lesional biopsies from patients with AD compared with patient-matched non-lesional and healthy volunteer control biopsies. MCs from AD lesional biopsies showed significant evidence of activation and degranulation compared to MCs in non-lesional biopsies. Levels of MC-specific proteases, inflammatory and pruritic mediators were significantly elevated in supernatants from ex vivo cultured lesional biopsies, including CPA3, CCL17 (TARC), IL-8, IL-13 and IL-31. Levels of MRPGRX2 ligands in supernatants from AD lesional biopsies were significantly elevated. Ex vivo challenge of healthy skin tissue with MRGPRX2 ligands partially replicated the AD lesional microenvironment. Lastly, intradermal injection of MRGPRX2 ligands in Siglec-8 transgenic mice induced inflammation and itch, which were inhibited with a Siglec-8 mAb. MRGPRX2-mediated MC activation contributes to inflammation in patients with AD through the release of chemotactic, proteolytic, pruritic and inflammatory factors. Therapeutic strategies that broadly target MCs, such as a lirentelimab (AK002) and a Siglec-8 mAb, may decrease the severity of AD.
301 Tapinarof cream 1% once daily for the treatment of extensive atopic dermatitis in adolescents and children: 4-week maximal use trial
Authors: Paller Amy , Hebert Adelaide A , Jett John E , Brown Philip M , Rubenstein David S , Piscitelli Stephen C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There is a need for efficacious non-steroidal topical therapies for atopic dermatitis (AD) without restrictions relating to duration, the extent of use and application sites. Tapinarof (VTAMA®; Dermavant Sciences, Inc., USA) is a first-in-class, non-steroidal, topical, aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults and under investigation for the treatment of psoriasis in children down to 2 years of age and for AD in adults and children down to 2 years of age. Tapinarof cream 1% once daily (QD) demonstrated significant efficacy vs. vehicle at 12 weeks and was well tolerated in adults and adolescents and with moderate to severe AD in a previously reported phase 2b trial (NCT02564055). To assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of tapinarof cream 1% QD in adolescents and children with extensive AD. In this open-label, maximal use, phase 2 trial (NCT05186805), adolescents and children, aged 2–17 years, with a clinical diagnosis of AD, a validated Investigator Global Assessment in Atopic Dermatitis™ (vIGA-AD™) score ≥3, and percent body surface area (%BSA) involvement of ≥ 25% for adolescents (12–17 years) or ≥35% for children (2–11 years) were assigned tapinarof cream 1% QD for 27 days. Primary endpoints include adverse events, mean investigator-assessed local tolerability scores (overall and sensitive areas) and PK parameters. Secondary endpoints include a change in vIGA-AD™, Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI), %BSA affected, and Peak Pruritus-Numeric Rating Scale scores at each trial visit. Eligible patients completing this trial have the option to enrol in an open-label, long-term extension trial (NCT05142774) to receive up to an additional 48 weeks of tapinarof cream 1% QD treatment. Overall, 36 patients aged 2–17 years were enrolled at nine sites in the US and Canada. Of these patients, equal proportions (33.3% [12/36]) were young children (2–6 years), children (7–11 years) and adolescents (12–17 years); 66.7% (24/36) were male and mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 8.9 (4.9) years. At baseline, 77.8% (28/36) had a vIGA-AD™ score of 3 (moderate) and 8/36 (22.2%) had a score of 4 (severe). At baseline, the mean (SD) %BSA affected was 52.4% (19.1%), 42.0% (10.0%) and 33.9% (8.6%) for young children, children and adolescents, respectively. The overall mean (SD) EASI score was 23.8 (9.2). This trial will assess the safety, tolerability, PK and efficacy of tapinarof cream 1% QD in 36 adolescents and children down to 2 years of age with extensive, moderate-to-severe AD.