bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of low DEXAT‐scores by routine computed tomography body scans at different kilovoltage peaks
Authors: Lin Mike , Ridley Lloyd , Seibel Markus J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have demonstrated positive correlations between computed tomography (CT) attenuation of lumbar spine vertebrae and their bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). However, these studies were performed using a standard 120 kilovoltage peak (kVp) setting. As radiation attenuation in mineralised tissues varies by the tube voltage applied, we determined the diagnostic accuracy of CT attenuation at identifying individuals with low BMD at different kVp settings.MethodsSingle centre retrospective study of adults who had CT and DEXA scans within 6 months of each other. CT scans were performed at either 100 kVp, 120 kVp or dual energy (80 kVp/140 kVp). Attenuation was measured in axial cross‐sections of L1‐4 vertebrae and correlated with the results of DEXA. Receiver operated characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine diagnostic cut‐off thresholds.ResultsAnalysis included 268 subjects (169 females; mean age: 70, range: 20–94 years). CT attenuation values at L1 or mean L1‐4 correlated positively with DEXA‐derived T‐scores. At L1, the optimal Hounsfield units (HU) thresholds for predicting DEXA T‐scores of −2.5 or less at 100 kVp, 120 kVp and dual‐energy scans were <170, <128 and <164, with corresponding AUCs of 0.925, 0.814 and 0.743 respectively. For mean L1‐4, the HU thresholds were <173, <134 and <151, with corresponding AUCs of 0.933, 0.824 and 0.707 respectively.ConclusionCT attenuation thresholds differ depending on the tube voltage used. We provide voltage‐specific, probability‐optimised thresholds for the identification of persons likely to have low BMD on DEXA scanning.
The Great Contrast Shortage of 2022—Lessons learnt in Australia
Authors: Kisby Giles , Seow James H , van Schie Greg , Phatouros Constantine C , Lam Kay‐Vin , Muir Tracey , Burrows Sally , Parizel Paul M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionComputed tomography (CT) imaging is one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools. Iodine‐based contrast media (IBCM) are frequently administered intravenously to improve soft tissue contrast in a wide range of CT scans. Supply chain disruptions triggered by the SARS‐CoV‐19 pandemic led to a global shortage of IBCM in mid‐2022. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of this shortage on the delivery of healthcare in Western Australia.MethodsWe performed a single‐centre retrospective analysis of the provision of CT studies, comparing historical patterns to the shortage period. We focussed our attention on the total number of CT scans (noncontrast CT [NCCT] and contrast‐enhanced CT [CECT]) and also specifically CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) and CT neck angiogram with or without inclusion of circle of Willis (CTNA) examinations. We also examined whether a decrease was compensated by increasing frequency of alternate examinations such as ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scans, carotid Doppler ultrasound studies and Magnetic Resonance Angiograms (MRAs).ResultsSince 2012, there has been an approximate linear increase in the frequency of CT examinations. During the period of contrast shortage, there was an abrupt drop‐off by approximately 50% in the CECT, CTPA and CTNA groups compared with the preceding 6 weeks (49%, 55% and 44%, respectively, with P < 0.001 in all cases). During the contrast shortage, the frequency of V/Q scans increased fivefold (from 13 to 65; P < 0.001). However, the provision of carotid Doppler ultrasound studies and MRAs remained approximately stable in frequency across recent time intervals.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the IBCM shortage crisis had a very significant impact on the delivery of healthcare. While V/Q scans could (partially) substitute for CTPA studies in suspected pulmonary emboli, there appeared to be no valid alternative for CTNA studies in stroke calls. The unexpected and critical shortage of IBCM forced healthcare professionals to conserve resources, prioritise indications, triage patients based on risk, explore alternate imaging strategies and prepare for similar events recurring in the future.
Intrathoracic neurogenic tumors (ITNs): Management of solid and cystic lesions
Authors: Natale Giovanni , Forte Stefano , Messina Gaetana , Leonardi Beatrice , Mirra Rosa , Leone Francesco , Di Filippo Vincenzo , Pica Davide Gerardo , Capasso Francesca , Bove Mary , Noro Antonio , Opromolla Giorgia , Martone Mario , De Angelis Sabrina , Fiorelli Alfonso 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntrathoracic neurogenic tumors (INTs) are derived from nerve tissue and grow within the chest. Preoperative diagnosis can be challenging and only complete surgical exeresis enables confirmation of the suspected diagnosis. Here, we analyzed our experience on management of paravertebral lesions with solid and cystic patterns.MethodsA monocentric retrospective study was conducted, which included 25 consecutive cases of ITNs in the period from 2010 to 2022. These cases had been surgically treated by thoracoscopic resection alone, or in combination with neurosurgery in the case of dumbbell tumors. The demographic and operative data along with complications were recorded and analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were diagnosed with a paravertebral lesion of which 19 (76%) had solid features and six (24%) had cystic features. The most common diagnosis was schwannoma (72%), followed by neurofibroma (20%) and malignant schwannoma (8%). In four cases (12%) the tumor showed an intraspinal extension. None of the patients had recurrence until 6 months of follow‐up. Comparison between the VATS and thoracotomy procedures showed that outcome of discharge on the postoperative day, on average, was 2.61 ± 0.5 versus 3.51 ± 0.53, respectively (p‐value <0.001).ConclusionThe treatment of choice for INTs is complete resection which is tailored to tumor size, location, and extension. In our study, paravertebral tumors with cystic characteristics were not associated with an intraspinal extension and did not show a different behavior from solid tumors.
Mental health, psychological distress and burnout in Australian dental practitioners
Authors: Hopcraft MS , McGrath R , Stormon N , Parker G 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDental practitioners are known to experience a high level of stress, but little is known about the mental health of Australian dental practitioners. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental health conditions among Australian dental practitioners.MethodsA cross sectional survey of 1483 Australian dental practitioners was carried out from October to December 2021. Participants reported aspects of mental health including depression, anxiety disorder, burnout (Sydney Burnout Measure) and psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and General Health Questionnaire 12).ResultsSelf‐reported psychological distress was high, with 32.0% rated as having moderate or severe psychological distress and 59.4% a high likelihood of minor (or more severe) psychological distress. One in four participants (24.8%) were classified as likely to be experiencing burnout, with 25.9% reporting ever having a diagnosis of depression, 11.4% a current diagnosis of depression, 23.1% ever having a diagnosis of anxiety disorder and 12.9% a current diagnosis of anxiety disorder.ConclusionAustralian dental practitioners reported a high burden of psychological distress, burnout and mental health issues, suggesting a need for education and programmes to support their mental health and wellbeing. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
Pharmacist‐led medication review in a residential in‐reach service leads to deprescribing
Authors: Hui Jia Hao , Parikh Seema , Kouladjian O’Donnell Lisa , Mcinerney Brigid , Dillon Louise , Poojary Suma , Crabtree Amelia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of a pharmacist‐led medication review on deprescribing medications in a Residential In‐Reach (RIR) service which provides acute care substitution to residential aged care residents.MethodsA pre‐post observational study was conducted. Patient characteristics and admission and discharge medications were collected over two 3‐month phases before (prephase) and after (postphase) the introduction of a pharmacist who performed a comprehensive medication review and provided deprescribing recommendations. The Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP) version 2 was used to identify potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). The Drug Burden Index (DBI) was used to measure cumulative anticholinergic and sedative medication burden. Outcome of deprescribing was measured by the reduction in the number of PIMs, DBI scores and proportion of polypharmacy from admission to discharge.ResultsThe prephase included 59 patients (mean age 87.3 years, 63% female), and the postphase included 88 patients (mean age 87.3 years, 63% female). There was a significant reduction in the mean number of PIMs (pre +0.05 ± 2.59 vs. post −0.78 ± 2.32, p = 0.04) and median DBI (pre −0.004 ± 0.17 vs. post −0.07 ± 0.2, p = 0.03) in postphase compared to prephase. The proportion of polypharmacy at discharge was reduced in the postphase (pre‐100% vs. post‐90%, p = 0.01). The most deprescribed PIMs as measured by STOPP in postphase were drugs without indication, cardiovascular system drugs and gastrointestinal system drugs.ConclusionsThe introduction of a pharmacist‐led medication review in RIR service was associated with a significant reduction in the mean number of PIMs, median DBI and polypharmacy. Future studies are needed to determine whether deprescription is sustained to examine correlations to long‐term patient outcomes.
Lived experience of participants who engaged in the co‐creation of initiatives to improve children's health in a rural Australian community
Authors: Vargas Carmen , Hillenaar Monique , Strugnell Claudia , Allender Steven , Marks Lucy , Green Melanie , Hargous Carolina Venegas , Jackson Michelle , Bell Colin , Whelan Jillian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe participants' lived experience of co‐creating and implementing initiatives to improve children's health.DesignThis manuscript reports an embedded case study design, which aims to describe participants' lived experiences of co‐creating community‐based initiatives. Information was gathered from an online survey and two focus groups. The two transcribed discussions from the focus groups were analysed using a 6‐step phenomenological process.SettingMansfield, Australia, population 4787, is one of ten local government areas (LGA) participating in the Reflexive Evidence and Systems Interventions to Prevent Obesity and Non‐communicable Disease (RESPOND) project.ParticipantsParticipants were purposively selected from established community groups previously engaged by RESPOND using a co‐creation approach. The recruitment for the focus groups was a convenient sampling from participants that provided their email addresses in the online survey.ResultsEleven participants completed the online survey. A total of ten participants attended the two focus groups of 1‐h duration: five participants in each. Participants reported feeling empowered to create unique, locally relevant and readily adaptable community‐wide change. They were supported by a strong partnership that mobilised funding for a part‐time health promotion employee. Strengthened social connections were an unexpected though highly valued outcome.ConclusionCo‐creation processes may assist stakeholders in delivering prevention strategies in ways that are empowering for them, responsive to the changing needs of the community, strengthen organisational partnerships and enhance community participation, social inclusion and engagement.
Cross‐border cooperation: A response to the challenges facing agri‐food cooperatives in Southern European countries
Authors: Meliá‐Martí Elena , Meira Deolinda , Corberá Martínez José , Bertuzi Rui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAll agri‐food cooperatives share common interests, irrespective of their geographical borders, which should encourage them to undertake inter‐cooperation processes as well as to set up transnational cooperatives. This paper has two objectives. The first is to analyze Spanish and Portuguese cooperative regulations and the Statute for a European Cooperative Society to define how to embark on these processes in the two countries while also pinpointing the conflicts that may arise from the different regulations. Secondly, it seeks to ascertain which Spanish and Portuguese cooperatives have had experience in this field and to characterize them through a multiple‐case study, including the rationale for the processes, the advantages and the constraints. The results have revealed five cross‐border cooperation categories and show that the Statute for a European Cooperative Society has not had the expected success at the EU level, due to its complexity. However, in general, the lack of expected cross‐border cooperative experiences is not due to legal, language or management issues. It is for different reasons. Firstly, cooperatives think that they can achieve the same objectives through inter‐cooperative agreements. Secondly, government policies protect the regional nature of their cooperatives, rather than encouraging them to expand their business and therefore their capacity to respond to current challenges.
Mechanisms of group‐hunting in vertebrates
Authors: Hansen Matthew J. , Domenici Paolo , Bartashevich Palina , Burns Alicia , Krause Jens 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTGroup‐hunting is ubiquitous across animal taxa and has received considerable attention in the context of its functions. By contrast much less is known about the mechanisms by which grouping predators hunt their prey. This is primarily due to a lack of experimental manipulation alongside logistical difficulties quantifying the behaviour of multiple predators at high spatiotemporal resolution as they search, select, and capture wild prey. However, the use of new remote‐sensing technologies and a broadening of the focal taxa beyond apex predators provides researchers with a great opportunity to discern accuratelyhowmultiple predators hunt together and not just whether doing so provides hunters with aper capitabenefit. We incorporate many ideas from collective behaviour and locomotion throughout this review to make testable predictions for future researchers and pay particular attention to the role that computer simulation can play in a feedback loop with empirical data collection. Our review of the literature showed that the breadth of predator:prey size ratios among the taxa that can be considered to hunt as a group is very large (<100to >102). We therefore synthesised the literature with respect to these predator:prey ratios and found that they promoted different hunting mechanisms. Additionally, these different hunting mechanisms are also related to particular stages of the hunt (search, selection, capture) and thus we structure our review in accordance with these two factors (stage of the hunt and predator:prey size ratio). We identify several novel group‐hunting mechanisms which are largely untested, particularly under field conditions, and we also highlight a range of potential study organisms that are amenable to experimental testing of these mechanisms in connection with tracking technology. We believe that a combination of new hypotheses, study systems and methodological approaches should help push the field of group‐hunting in new directions.
GPAM mediated lysophosphatidic acid synthesis regulates mitochondrial dynamics in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Irifune Hidetoshi , Kochi Yu , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Sakoda Teppei , Kato Koji , Kunisaki Yuya , Akashi Koichi , Kikushige Yoshikane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetabolic alterations, especially in the mitochondria, play important roles in several kinds of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, AML‐specific molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial dynamics remain elusive. Through the metabolite screening comparing CD34+ AML cells and healthy hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, we identified enhanced lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) synthesis activity in AML. LPA is synthesized from glycerol‐3‐phosphate by glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs), rate‐limiting enzymes of the LPA synthesis pathway. Among the four isozymes of GPATs, glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferases, mitochondrial (GPAM) was highly expressed in AML cells, and the inhibition of LPA synthesis by silencing GPAM or FSG67 (a GPAM‐inhibitor) significantly impaired AML propagation through the induction of mitochondrial fission, resulting in the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and the elevation of reactive oxygen species. Notably, inhibition of this metabolic synthesis pathway by FSG67 administration did not affect normal human hematopoiesis in vivo. Therefore, the GPAM‐mediated LPA synthesis pathway from G3P represents a critical metabolic mechanism that specifically regulates mitochondrial dynamics in human AML, and GPAM is a promising potential therapeutic target.
Characterization of starvation response‐related genes for predicting prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yuan , Gao Shun , Xu Yingkun , Tang Zhenrong , Liu Shengchun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BRCA) cells typically exist in nutrient‐deficient microenvironments and quickly adapt to states with fluctuating nutrient levels. The tumor microenvironment of starvation is intensely related to metabolism and the malignant progression of BRCA. However, the potential molecular mechanism has not been thoroughly scrutinized. As a result, this study aimed to dissect the prognostic implications of mRNAs involved in the starvation response and construct a signature for forecasting the outcomes of BRCA. In this research, we investigated how starvation could affect BRCA cells’ propensities for invasion and migration. The effects of autophagy and glucose metabolism mediated by starved stimulation were examined through transwell assays, western blot, and the detection of glucose concentration. A starvation response‐related gene (SRRG) signature was ultimately generated by integrated analysis. The risk score was recognized as an independent risk indicator. The nomogram and calibration curves revealed that the model had excellent prediction accuracy. Functional enrichment analysis indicated this signature was significantly enriched in metabolic‐related pathways and energy stress‐related biological processes. Furthermore, phosphorylated protein expression of the model core gene EIF2AK3 increased after the stimulus of starvation, and EIF2AK3 may play an essential role in the progression of BRCA in the starved microenvironment. To sum up, we constructed and validated a novel SRRG signature that could accurately predict outcomes and may be developed as a therapeutic target for the precise treatment of BRCA.
Sleep disturbances in Phelan‐McDermid syndrome: Clinical and metabolic profiling of 56 individuals
Authors: Moffitt Bridgette A. , Oberman Lindsay M. , Beamer Laura , Srikanth Sujata , Jain Lavanya , Cascio Lauren , Jones Kelly , Pauly Rini , May Melanie , Skinner Cindy , Buchanan Caroline , DuPont Barbara R. , Kaufmann Walter E. , Valentine Kathleen , Ward Linda D. , Ivankovic Diana , Rogers R. Curtis , Phelan Katy , Sarasua Sara M. , Boccuto Luigi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhelan‐McDermid Syndrome (PMS) is caused by deletions at chromosome 22q13.3 or pathogenic/likely pathogenic SHANK3 variants. The clinical presentation is extremely variable and includes global developmental delay/intellectual disability (ID), seizures, neonatal hypotonia, and sleep disturbances, among others. This study investigated the prevalence of sleep disturbances, and the genetic and metabolic features associated with them, in a cohort of 56 individuals with PMS. Sleep data were collected via standardized observer/caregiver questionnaires, while genetic data from array‐CGH and sequencing of 9 candidate genes within the 22q13.3 region, and metabolic profiling utilized the Biolog Phenotype Mammalian MicroArray plates. Sleep disturbances were present in 64.3% of individuals with PMS, with the most common problem being waking during the night (39%). Sleep disturbances were more prevalent in individuals with a SHANK3 pathogenic variant (89%) compared to subjects with 22q13.3 deletions of any size (59.6%). Distinct metabolic profiles for individuals with PMS with and without sleep disturbances were also identified. These data are helpful information for recognizing and managing sleep disturbances in individuals with PMS, outlining the main candidate gene for this neurological manifestation, and highlighting potential biomarkers for early identification of at‐risk subjects and molecular targets for novel treatment approaches.
Bone regeneration as treatment of peri‐implant disease: A narrative review
Authors: Noelken Robert , Al‐Nawas Bilal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionAnalysis of the 3‐dimensional implant position, the bone defect morphology, and the soft tissue situation guides the decision to preserve or to remove an implant with a severe peri‐implantitis lesion. The aim of this narrative review was to analyze and to comprehensively illustrate the treatment options focusing on peri‐implant bone regeneration in presence of severe peri‐implant bone loss.MethodsA database search was performed independently by the two reviewers to identify case reports, case series, cohort, retrospective, and prospective studies about peri‐implant bone regeneration with a follow‐up of at least 6 months. Of the 344 studies issued during the database analysis, 96 publications were selected by the authors for this review.ResultsDeproteinized bovine bone mineral remains the best documented material for defect regeneration in peri‐implantitis in combination with or without a barrier membrane. While studies using autogenous bone in peri‐implantitis therapy are rarely found, they do report favorable potential of vertical bone regeneration. Moreover, while membranes are an inherent part of the guided bone regeneration, a 5‐year follow‐up study demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvements with and without a membrane. The administration of systemic antibiotics is frequently performed in clinical studies observing regenerative surgical peri‐implantitis therapy, but the analysis of the literature does not support a positive effect of this medication. Most studies for regenerative peri‐implantitis surgery recommend the removal of the prosthetic rehabilitation and the use a marginal incision with a full‐thickness access flap elevation. This allows for a good overview for regenerative procedures with a certain risk of wound dehiscences and incomplete regeneration. An alternative approach referring to the poncho technique may reduce the risk of dehiscence. The effectiveness of implant surface decontamination might have an impact on peri‐implant bone regeneration without any clinical superiority of a certain technique.ConclusionThe available literature reveals that the success of peri‐implantitis therapy is limited to the reduction of bleeding on probing, the improvement of the peri‐implant probing depth and a small amount of vertical defect fill. On this basis, no specific recommendations for bone regeneration in surgical peri‐implantitis therapy can be made. Innovative approaches for flap design, surface decontamination, bone defect grafting material, and soft tissue augmentation should be followed closely to find advanced techniques for favorable peri‐implant bone augmentation.