bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal Wasserstein distance: metric and asymptotic properties
Authors: Slepčev Dejan , Warren Andrew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe seminal result of Benamou and Brenier provides a characterization of the Wasserstein distance as the path of the minimal action in the space of probability measures, where paths are solutions of the continuity equation and the action is the kinetic energy. Here we consider a fundamental modification of the framework where the paths are solutions of nonlocal (jump) continuity equations and the action is a nonlocal kinetic energy. The resulting nonlocal Wasserstein distances are relevant to fractional diffusions and Wasserstein distances on graphs. We characterize the basic properties of the distance and obtain sharp conditions on the (jump) kernel specifying the nonlocal transport that determine whether the topology metrized is the weak or the strong topology. A key result of the paper are the quantitative comparisons between the nonlocal and local Wasserstein distance.
On the Forsythe conjecture
Authors: Faber Vance , Liesen Jörg , Tichý Petr 
Published: September 2023

AbstractForsythe formulated a conjecture about the asymptotic behavior of the restarted conjugate gradient method in 1968. We translate several of his results into modern terms, and pose an analogous version of the conjecture (originally formulated only for symmetric positive definite matrices) for symmetric and nonsymmetric matrices. Our version of the conjecture uses a two-sided or cross iteration with the given matrix and its transpose, which is based on the projection process used in the Arnoldi (or for symmetric matrices the Lanczos) algorithm. We prove several new results about the limiting behavior of this iteration, but the conjecture still remains largely open. We hope that our paper motivates further research that eventually leads to a proof of the conjecture.
The effect of COVID-19 vaccination status on all-cause mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Hungary during the delta wave of the pandemic
Authors: Horvath Viktor J. , Békeffy Magdolna , Németh Zsuzsanna , Szelke Emese , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Hajdu Noémi , Svébis Márk M. , Pintér József , Domján Beatrix A. , Mészáros Szilvia , Körei Anna E. , Kézdi Árpád , Kocsis Ibolya , Kristóf Katalin , Kempler Péter , Rozgonyi Ferenc , Takács István , Tabák Adam G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe high mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is effectively reduced by vaccination. However, the effect of vaccination on mortality among hospitalised patients is under-researched. Thus, we investigated the effect of a full primary or an additional booster vaccination on in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the delta wave of the pandemic. This retrospective cohort included all patients (n = 430) admitted with COVID-19 at Semmelweis University Department of Medicine and Oncology in 01/OCT/2021–15/DEC/2021. Logistic regression models were built with COVID-19-associated in-hospital/30 day-mortality as outcome with hierarchical entry of predictors of vaccination, vaccination status, measures of disease severity, and chronic comorbidities. Deceased COVID-19 patients were older and presented more frequently with cardiac complications, chronic kidney disease, and active malignancy, as well as higher levels of inflammatory markers, serum creatinine, and lower albumin compared to surviving patients (all p < 0.05). However, the rates of vaccination were similar (52–55%) in both groups. Based on the fully adjusted model, there was a linear decrease of mortality from no/incomplete vaccination (ref) through full primary (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.39–1.23) to booster vaccination (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.72, p = 0.006). Although unadjusted mortality was similar among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, this was explained by differences in comorbidities and disease severity. In adjusted models, a full primary and especially a booster vaccination improved survival of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the delta wave of the pandemic. Our findings may improve the quality of patient provider discussions at the time of admission.
Strukturelle und mechanistische Grundlagen der Acetogenese
Authors: Schuller Jan Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcetogenic bacteria are a specialized group of strictly anaerobic bacteria producing acetate from hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the ancient Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP). We have shown that enzymatic decorated nanowires accompanied by redox-induced conformational changes as occurring in a novel bifurcation mechanism are key adaptations for this kind of extreme lifestyle. Explored by the development of redox-controlled cryoEM, this new understanding may lead to new approaches in biotechnology and synthetic biology able to combat current challenges such as human induced climate change.
Moderne Sequenzierungstechnologien und ihre Anwendungen
Authors: Dobner Jochen , Rossi Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCRISPR-mediated genome editing enables to study disease-relevant mutations. Next Generation Sequencing offers high throughput and accuracy but requires substantial investment. Nanopore sequencing on the other hand provides cheap entry. Here, we describe our work using sequencing techniques to identify edited cells, analyze mitochondrial DNA, and gene expression. Finally, we describe how our software tools CRISPRnano and Duesselpore aid to democratize the use of modern sequencing technologies.
Allelfrequenzschätzungen machen historische Selektionsereignisse sichtbar
Authors: Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim , Schneider Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAllele frequency shifts can result from adaptation or selection and indicate strategies for coping with stress scenarios. Observing these requires genotyping of hundreds of lines individually or in a pooled sample–both rather costly, especially for species with large genomes. Constructing virtual haplotypes from SNP allele frequencies can drastically reduce genotyping time and costs in pooled sampling. Further, we validated three commonly used genotyping strategies for poolseq in crop species.
Weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of weight gain concern and psychological distress
Authors: de Macêdo Patricia Fortes Cavalcanti , Brito Edleide , de Magalhães Cunha Carla , da Purificação Nazaré Araújo Maria , Martins Poliana Cardoso , de Santana Mônica Leila Portela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether the relationship between weight stigma experiences and disordered eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic is mediated by weight gain concern and psychological distress among university students with and without overweight.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with university students from five regions of Brazil who participated in the baseline assessment of the Online Cohort on Eating Behavior and Health (July/August 2020). Information on the frequency of binge eating episodes, food restriction, and purging, as well as experienced weight stigma, weight gain concern, and psychological distress, were recorded in an online questionnaire. Stratified structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to address the research questions of interest.ResultsOut of the total sample (n = 2511), 33.5% of participants reported experiencing weight stigma. The prevalence of binge eating episodes, food restriction, and purging was 43.7%, 24.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. These behaviors were more prevalent in individuals with overweight than in those without this condition. Furthermore, it was observed that weight gain concern and psychological distress mediated the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors regardless of body weight status.ConclusionsExperiences of weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors were prevalent among Brazilian university students, especially among those with overweight. Weight gain concern and psychological distress appear to be important factors underlying the relationship between these constructs during the pandemic, and they can contribute to the development of targeted strategies for the prevention and management of disordered eating.Level of evidenceLevel V, cross-sectional study.
Improving bifunctional catalytic activity of biochar via in-situ growth of nickel-iron hydroxide as cathodic catalyst for zinc-air batteries
Authors: Zhang Pengxiang , Sun Kang , Liu Yanyan , Zhou Benji , Li Shuqi , Zhou Jingjing , Wang Ao , Xie Lixia , Li Baojun , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExpanding the application scenarios of wood-derived biochar guided by the conversion of traditional energy to new energy shows great promise as a field. As thrilling energy conversion apparatus, zinc-air batteries (ZABs) require cathode catalysts with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities and stability. Herein, two-dimensional nickel-iron hydroxide nanosheets were creatively assembled in N-doped wood-derived biochar (NiFe-LDH@NC) by an in-situ growth method. The categorized porous organization in wood-derived biochar facilitates the rapid seepage of electrolytes and rapid diffusion of reaction gases. The unique interfacial structure of biochar and NiFe-LDH accelerates electron transfer during oxygen electrocatalysis, and endows NiFe-LDH@NC with first-class catalytic activity and durability for ORR and OER. The ZAB derived from NiFe-LDH@NC showed elevated discharge productivity and cycle endurance, making it promising for viable applications. This work provided a convenient way for the conversion of wood-derived biochar to high-value added electrocatalysts.
Graphical Abstract
Building Multiple Classifier Systems Using Linear Combinations of Reduced Graphs
Authors: Gillioz Anthony , Riesen Kaspar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite great efforts done in research in the last decades, the classification of general graphs, i.e., graphs with unconstrained labeling and structure, remains a challenging task. Due to the inherent relational structure of graphs it is difficult, or even impossible, to apply standard pattern recognition methods to graphs to achieve high recognition accuracies. Common methods to solve the non-trivial problem of graph classification employ graph matching in conjunction with a distance-based classifier or a kernel machine. In the present paper, we address the specific task of graph classification by means of a novel framework that uses information acquired from a broad range of reduced graph subspaces. Our novel approach can be roughly divided into three successive steps. In the first step, differently reduced graphs are created out of the original graphs relying on node centrality measures. In the second step, we compute the graph edit distance between each reduced graph and all the other graphs of the corresponding graph subspace. Finally, we linearly combine the distances in the third step and feed them into a distance-based classifier to obtain the final classification result. On six graph data sets, we empirically confirm that the proposed multiple classifier system directly benefits from the combined distances computed in the various graph subspaces.
Commercial mHealth Apps and the Providers’ Responsibility for Hope
Authors: Rossmaier Leon , Saghai Yashar , Brey Philip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we ask whether the providers of commercial mHealth apps for self-tracking create inflated or false hopes for vulnerable user groups and whether they should be held responsible for this. This question is relevant because hopes created by the providers determine the modalities of the apps’ use. Due to the created hopes, users who may be vulnerable to certain design features of the app can experience bad outcomes in various dimensions of their well-being. This adds to structural injustices sustaining or exacerbating the vulnerable position of such user groups. We define structural injustices as systemic disadvantages for certain social groups that may be sustained or exacerbated by unfair power relations. Inflated hopes can also exclude digitally disadvantaged users. Thus, the hopes created by the providers of commercial mHealth apps for self-tracking press the question of whether the deployment and use of mHealth apps meet the requirements for qualifying as a just public health endeavor.
A review of research on material removal mechanisms for laser-assisted machining of difficult-to-machine materials
Authors: Xiao Guijian , Wang Jingzhe , Zhu Shengwang , He Yi , Liu Zhenyang , Huang Yun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the development of technology in aerospace, medical devices and other fields, high-performance difficult-to-machine materials have been widely used in these fields due to their good comprehensive mechanical properties. However, when using traditional machining methods, it is difficult to ensure the machining accuracy and surface quality, and at the same time, there are problems such as serious tool wear and low machining efficiency. Laser-assisted machining (LAM) technology is an advanced manufacturing process that softens the material in the machining area through the preheating effect of the laser, thus reducing the surface hardness of the material and improving the machinability of the material, which has the advantages of high efficiency and economy in machining difficult-to-machine materials. This paper introduces the common methods of establishing thermal models and simulation modeling of removal behavior in the LAM material removal process, summarizes the research progress on the removal behavior of LAM processing of various difficult-to-machine materials, and analyzes the shortcomings and challenges of the current research. Finally, the key issues of LAM material removal mechanism are proposed, and the development direction of LAM material removal technology is envisioned in order to provide a reference for the research and development in this field.
An Investigation on Spatiotemporal Sizes of Specific Types of Lightning Flashes
Authors: Pan Yun , Zheng Dong , Zhang Yijun , Lu Gaopeng , Yao Wen , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe duration and horizontal extension distance (HED) of intracloud (IC), negative cloud‐to‐ground (NCG), positive cloud‐to‐ground (PCG), and bipolar cloud‐to‐ground (BCG) lightning are analyzed using data from the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array and the National Lightning Detection Network. All of these conform to lognormal distributions. BCG lightning has the greatest average spatiotemporal size, owing to its longest‐duration and largest‐spatial‐extension discharge process after the first return stroke (RS). Compared with NCG lightning, PCG lightning tends to include longer‐duration and greater‐spatial‐extension discharge processes before the first RS, making the latter have a larger average spatiotemporal size. IC lightning exhibits the smallest average spatiotemporal size, with a higher concentration of samples in smaller size intervals. Overall, as lightning initiation heights increase, IC and NCG lightning duration tends to increase, while NCG lightning variation is mainly due to discharge processes before the first RS. HED of both types initially increases and then decreases, peaking at ∼7 km. The horizontal extension speed (HES) of IC lightning tends to decrease with increasing initiation height, while for NCG lightning, the HES associated with discharge processes before the first RS shows a clearer decreasing trend at higher levels. The NCG lightning initiated below ∼6 km tends to exhibit similar HED before the first RS and increased HED after the first RS. However, for NCG lightning initiated above ∼6 km, the HED before the first RS is notably greater than the increased HED after the first RS.
Single-session visuospatial task procedure to prevent childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Deforges Camille , Sandoz Vania , Noël Yvonnick , Avignon Valérie , Desseauve David , Bourdin Julie , Vial Yvan , Ayers Susan , Holmes Emily A. , Epiney Manuella , Horsch Antje 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPreventive evidence-based interventions for childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) are lacking. Yet, 18.5% of women develop CB-PTSD symptoms following an unplanned caesarean section (UCS). This two-arm, multicentre, double-blind superiority trial tested the efficacy of an early single-session intervention including a visuospatial task on the prevention of maternal CB-PTSD symptoms. The intervention was delivered by trained maternity clinicians. Shortly after UCS, women were included if they gave birth to a live baby, provided consent, and perceived their childbirth as traumatic. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or attention-placebo group (allocation ratio 1:1). Assessments were done at birth, six weeks, and six months postpartum. Group differences in maternal CB-PTSD symptoms at six weeks (primary outcomes) and six months postpartum (secondary outcomes) were assessed with the self-report PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and by blinded research assessors with the Clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The trial was prospectively registered (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03576586). Of the 2068 women assessed for eligibility, 166 were eligible and 146 were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 74) or attention-placebo control group (n = 72). For the PCL-5, at six weeks, a marginally significant intervention effect was found on the total PCL-5 PTSD symptom count (β = −0.43, S.E. = 0.23, z = −1.88, p < 0.06), and on the intrusions (β = −0.73, S.E. = 0.38, z = −1.94, p < 0.0525) and arousal (β = −0.55, S.E. = 0.29, z = −1.92, p < 0.0552) clusters. At six months, a significant intervention effect on the total PCL-5 PTSD symptom count (β = −0.65, S.E. = 0.32, z = −2.04, p = 0.041, 95%CI[−1.27, −0.03]), on alterations in cognition and mood (β = −0.85, S.E. = 0.27, z = −3.15, p = 0.0016) and arousal (β = −0.56, S.E. = 0.26, z = −2.19, p < 0.0289, 95%CI[−1.07, −0.06]) clusters appeared. No group differences on the CAPS-5 emerged. Results provide evidence that this brief, single-session intervention carried out by trained clinicians can prevent the development of CB-PTSD symptoms up to six months postpartum.
Defining features of hereditary lobular breast cancer due to CDH1 with magnetic resonance imaging and tumor characteristics
Authors: Gamble Lauren A. , McClelland Paul H. , Teke Martha E. , Samaranayake Sarah G. , Juneau Paul , Famiglietti Amber L. , Blakely Andrew M. , Redd Bernadette , Davis Jeremy L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWomen with germline pathogenic variants in CDH1, which encodes E-cadherin protein, are at increased lifetime risk of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The associated tumor characteristics of hereditary lobular breast carcinoma (HLBC) in this high-risk population are not well-known. A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the imaging and pathologic features of HLBC compared to population-based ILC using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. One hundred fifty-eight women with CDH1 variants were evaluated, of whom 48 (30%) also had an ILC diagnosis. The median age at CDH1 diagnosis was 45 years [interquartile range, IQR 34–57 years] whereas the median age at diagnosis of CDH1 with concomitant ILC (HLBC) was 53 [IQR 45–62] years. Among women with HLBC, 83% (40/48) were identified with CDH1 mutation after diagnosis of ILC. Among 76 women (48%, 76/158) undergoing surveillance for ILC with breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 29% (22/76) had an abnormal MRI result with available biopsy data for comparison. MRI detected ILC in 7 out of 8 biopsy-confirmed cases, corresponding with high sensitivity (88%), specificity (75%), and negative predictive value (98%); however, false-positive and false-discovery rates were elevated also (25% and 68%, respectively). HLBC was most frequently diagnosed at age 40–49 years (44%, 21/48), significantly younger than the common age of diagnosis of ILC in SEER general population data (most frequent age range 60–69 years, 28%; p < 0.001). HLBC tumors were smaller than SEER-documented ILC tumors (median 1.40 vs. 2.00 cm; p = 0.002) and had a higher incidence of background lobular carcinoma in situ (88% vs. 1%; p < 0.001) as well as progesterone receptor positivity (95% vs. 81%, p = 0.032). These findings suggest that HLBC is often detected via conventional screening methods as an early-stage hormone receptor-positive tumor, thus the clinical benefit of intensive screening with MRI may be limited to a subset of women with germline CDH1 variants.
The role of electron correlations in the electronic structure of putative Chern magnet TbMn6Sn6
Authors: Annaberdiyev Abdulgani , Mandal Subhasish , Mitas Lubos , Krogel Jaron T. , Ganesh Panchapakesan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA member of the RMn6Sn6 rare-earth family materials, TbMn6Sn6, recently showed experimental signatures of the realization of a quantum-limit Chern magnet. In this work, we use quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and density functional theory with Hubbard U (DFT + U) calculations to examine the electronic structure of TbMn6Sn6. To do so, we optimize accurate, correlation-consistent pseudopotentials for Tb and Sn using coupled-cluster and configuration–interaction (CI) methods. We find that DFT + U and single-reference QMC calculations suffer from the same overestimation of the magnetic moments as meta-GGA and hybrid density functional approximations. Our findings point to the need for improved orbitals/wavefunctions for this class of materials, such as natural orbitals from CI, or for the inclusion of multi-reference effects that capture the static correlations for an accurate prediction of magnetic properties. DFT + U with Mn magnetic moments adjusted to the experiment predict the Dirac crossing in bulk to be close to the Fermi level, within ~120 meV, in agreement with the experiments. Our non-stoichiometric slab calculations show that the Dirac crossing approaches even closer to the Fermi level, suggesting the possible realization of Chern magnetism in this limit.
Electrically driven organic laser using integrated OLED pumping
Authors: Yoshida Kou , Gong Junyi , Kanibolotsky Alexander L. , Skabara Peter J. , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrganic semiconductors are carbon-based materials that combine optoelectronic properties with simple fabrication and the scope for tuning by changing their chemical structure1–3. They have been successfully used to make organic light-emitting diodes2,4,5 (OLEDs, now widely found in mobile phone displays and televisions), solar cells1, transistors6 and sensors7. However, making electrically driven organic semiconductor lasers is very challenging8,9. It is difficult because organic semiconductors typically support only low current densities, suffer substantial absorption from injected charges and triplets, and have additional losses due to contacts10,11. In short, injecting charges into the gain medium leads to intolerable losses. Here we take an alternative approach in which charge injection and lasing are spatially separated, thereby greatly reducing losses. We achieve this by developing an integrated device structure that efficiently couples an OLED, with exceptionally high internal-light generation, with a polymer distributed feedback laser. Under the electrical driving of the integrated structure, we observe a threshold in light output versus drive current, with a narrow emission spectrum and the formation of a beam above the threshold. These observations confirm lasing. Our results provide an organic electronic device that has not been previously demonstrated, and show that indirect electrical pumping by an OLED is a very effective way of realizing an electrically driven organic semiconductor laser. This provides an approach to visible lasers that could see applications in spectroscopy, metrology and sensing.