bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and evaporation of quantum black holes from the decoupling mechanism in quantum gravity
Authors: Borissova Johanna N. , Platania Alessia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We propose a new method to account for quantum-gravitational effects in cosmological and black hole spacetimes. At the core of our construction is the “decoupling mechanism”: when a physical infrared scale overcomes the effect of the regulator implementing the Wilsonian integration of fluctuating modes, the renormalization group flow of the scale-dependent effective action freezes out, so that at the decoupling scale the latter approximates the standard quantum effective action. Identifying the decoupling scale allows to access terms in the effective action that were not part of the original truncation and thus to study leading-order quantum corrections to field equations and their solutions. Starting from the Einstein-Hilbert truncation, we exploit for the first time the decoupling mechanism in quantum gravity to investigate the dynamics of quantum-corrected black holes from formation to evaporation. Our findings are in qualitative agreement with previous results in the context of renormalization group improved black holes, but additionally feature novel properties reminiscent of higher-derivative operators with specific non-local form factors.
Holographic cameras: an eye for the bulk
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider four-point correlators in an excited quantum state of a field theory. We show that, when the theory and state are holographic, a judiciously applied Fourier transform produces high-quality images of point-like bulk particles, revealing the geometry in which they move. For translation-invariant states, the bulk Einstein’s equations amount to local differential equations on correlator data. In theories or states that are not holographic, images are too blurry to extract a bulk geometry. We verify this for gauge theories at various couplings and the 3D Ising model by adapting formulas from conformal Regge theory.
Higgs branches of Argyres-Douglas theories as quiver varieties
Authors: Dey Anindya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a general prescription for constructing 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Lagrangians for the IR SCFTs that arise from the circle reduction of a large class of Argyres-Douglas theories. The resultant Lagrangian gives a realization of the Higgs branch of the 4d SCFT as a quiver variety, up to a set of decoupled interacting SCFTs with empty Higgs branches. As representative examples, we focus on the families (Ap−N−1, AN−1) and Dp(SU(N)). The Lagrangian in question is generically a non-ADE-type quiver gauge theory involving only unitary gauge nodes with fundamental and bifundamental hypermultiplets, as well as hypermultiplets which are only charged under the U(1) subgroups of certain gauge nodes. Our starting point is the Lagrangian 3d mirror of the circle-reduced Argyres-Douglas theory, which can be read off from the class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
construction. Using the toolkit of the S-type operations, developed in [1], we show that the mirror of the 3d mirror for any Argyres-Douglas theory in the aforementioned families is guaranteed to be a Lagrangian theory of the above type, up to some decoupled free sectors. We comment on the extension of this procedure to other families of Argyres-Douglas theories. In addition, for the case of Dp(SU(N)) theories, we compare these 3d Lagrangians to the ones found in [2] and propose that the two are related by an IR duality. We check the proposed IR duality at the level of the three-sphere partition function for specific examples. In contrast to the 3d Lagrangians in [2], which are linear chains involving unitary-special unitary nodes, we observe that the Coulomb branch global symmetries are manifest in the 3d Lagrangians that we find.
On the assembly of the mitotic spindle, bistability and hysteresis
Authors: Serpico Angela Flavia , Pisauro Caterina , Grieco Domenico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring cell division, the transition from interphase to mitosis is dictated by activation of the cyclin B-cdk1 (Cdk1) complex, master mitotic kinase. During interphase, Cdk1 accumulates in an inactive state (pre-Cdk1). When Cdk1 overcomes a certain threshold of activity upon initial activation of pre-Cdk1, then the stockpiled pre-Cdk1 is rapidly converted into overshooting active Cdk1, and mitosis is established irreversibly in a switch-like fashion. This is granted by positive Cdk1 activation loops and the concomitant inactivation of Cdk1 counteracting phosphatases, empowering Cdk1 activity and favoring the Cdk1-dependent phosphorylations that are required to establish mitosis. These circuitries prevent backtracking and ensure unidirectionality so that interphase and mitosis are considered bistable states. Mitosis also shows hysteresis, meaning that the levels of Cdk1 activity needed to establish mitosis are higher than those required to maintain it; therefore, once in mitosis cells can tolerate moderate drops in Cdk1 activity without exiting mitosis. Whether these features have other functional implications in addition to the general action of preventing backtracking is unknown. Here, we contextualize these concepts in the view of recent evidence indicating that loss of activity of small and compartmentalized amounts of Cdk1 within mitosis is necessary to assemble the mitotic spindle, the structure required to segregate replicated chromosomes. We further propose that, in addition to prevent backtracking, the stability and hysteresis properties of mitosis are also essential to move forward in mitosis by allowing cells to bear small, localized, drops in Cdk1 activity that are necessary to build the mitotic spindle.
Infraparticle States in the Massless Nelson Model: Revisited
Authors: Beaud Vincent , Dybalski Wojciech , Graf Gian Michele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe provide a new construction of infraparticle states in the massless Nelson model. The approximating sequence of our infraparticle state does not involve any infrared cut-offs. Its derivative w.r.t. the time parameter t is given by a simple explicit formula. The convergence of this sequence as $$t\rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

to a nonzero limit is then obtained by the Cook method combined with stationary phase estimates. To apply the latter technique, we exploit recent results on regularity of ground states in the massless Nelson model, which hold in the low coupling regime.
Developing an integrated genomic selection approach beyond biomass for varietal protection and nutritive traits in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Malmberg M. M. , Smith C. , Thakur P. , Drayton M. C. , Wilson J. , Shinozuka M. , Clayton W. , Inch C. , Spangenberg G. C. , Smith K. F. , Cogan N. O. I. , Pembleton L. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKey messageBreeding target traits can be broadened to include nutritive value and plant breeder’s rights traits in perennial ryegrass by using in-field regression-based spectroscopy phenotyping and genomic selection.AbstractPerennial ryegrass breeding has focused on biomass yield, but expansion into a broader set of traits is needed to benefit livestock industries whilst also providing support for intellectual property protection of cultivars. Numerous breeding objectives can be targeted simultaneously with the development of sensor-based phenomics and genomic selection (GS). Of particular interest are nutritive value (NV), which has been difficult and expensive to measure using traditional phenotyping methods, resulting in limited genetic improvement to date, and traits required to obtain varietal protection, known as plant breeder’s rights (PBR) traits. In order to assess phenotyping requirements for NV improvement and potential for genetic improvement, in-field reflectance-based spectroscopy was assessed and GS evaluated in a single population for three key NV traits, captured across four timepoints. Using three prediction approaches, the possibility of targeting PBR traits using GS was evaluated for five traits recorded across three years of a breeding program. Prediction accuracy was generally low to moderate for NV traits and moderate to high for PBR traits, with heritability highly correlated with GS accuracy. NV did not show significant or consistent correlation between timepoints highlighting the need to incorporate seasonal NV into selection indexes and the value of being able to regularly monitor NV across seasons. This study has demonstrated the ability to implement GS for both NV and PBR traits in perennial ryegrass, facilitating the expansion of ryegrass breeding targets to agronomically relevant traits while ensuring necessary varietal protection is achieved.
Uncovering the network structure of non-centrally cleared derivative markets: evidence from large regulatory data
Authors: Zema Sebastiano Michele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe network structure of non-centrally cleared derivative markets, uncovered via the European Market Infrastructure Regulation, is investigated by reconstructing initial and variation margin networks to analyze channels of potential losses and liquidity dynamics. Despite the absence of central clearing, the derivative network is found to be ultra-small and a maximization-based filtering tool is proposed to identify channels in the network characterized by the highest exposures. I find these exposures to be mainly toward institutions outside the euro area, emphasizing the need for cooperation across different jurisdictions. Anomalous behavior in terms of diverging first and second moments of the degree and strength distributions are detected, signaling the presence of large exposures generating extreme liquidity outflows. A reference table of parameters’ estimates based on real data is provided for different network sizes, with no break of confidentiality, making it possible to simulate in a realistic way the liquidity dynamic in global derivative markets even when access to supervisory data is not granted.
“Will I change nodule management recommendations if I change my CAD system?”—impact of volumetric deviation between different CAD systems on lesion management
Authors: Peters Alan A. , Christe Andreas , von Stackelberg Oyunbileg , Pohl Moritz , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Heußel Claus Peter , Wielpütz Mark O. , Ebner Lukas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate and compare the measurement accuracy of two different computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems regarding artificial pulmonary nodules and assess the clinical impact of volumetric inaccuracies in a phantom study.

Methods
In this phantom study, 59 different phantom arrangements with 326 artificial nodules (178 solid, 148 ground-glass) were scanned at 80 kV, 100 kV, and 120 kV. Four different nodule diameters were used: 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm. Scans were analyzed by a deep-learning (DL)–based CAD and a standard CAD system. Relative volumetric errors (RVE) of each system vs. ground truth and the relative volume difference (RVD) DL–based vs. standard CAD were calculated. The Bland–Altman method was used to define the limits of agreement (LOA). The hypothetical impact on LungRADS classification was assessed for both systems.

Results
There was no difference between the three voltage groups regarding nodule volumetry. Regarding the solid nodules, the RVE of the 5-mm-, 8-mm-, 10-mm-, and 12-mm-size groups for the DL CAD/standard CAD were 12.2/2.8%, 1.3/ − 2.8%, − 3.6/1.5%, and − 12.2/ − 0.3%, respectively. The corresponding values for the ground-glass nodules (GGN) were 25.6%/81.0%, 9.0%/28.0%, 7.6/20.6%, and 6.8/21.2%. The mean RVD for solid nodules/GGN was 1.3/ − 15.2%. Regarding the LungRADS classification, 88.5% and 79.8% of all solid nodules were correctly assigned by the DL CAD and the standard CAD, respectively. 14.9% of the nodules were assigned differently between the systems.

Conclusions
Patient management may be affected by the volumetric inaccuracy of the CAD systems and hence demands supervision and/or manual correction by a radiologist.

Key Points
• The DL-based CAD system was more accurate in the volumetry of GGN and less accurate regarding solid nodules than the standard CAD system.
• Nodule size and attenuation have an effect on the measurement accuracy of both systems; tube voltage has no effect on measurement accuracy.
• Measurement inaccuracies of CAD systems can have an impact on patient management, which demands supervision by radiologists.
Essential genes: a cross-species perspective
Authors: Cacheiro Pilar , Smedley Damian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtein coding genes exhibit different degrees of intolerance to loss-of-function variation. The most intolerant genes, whose function is essential for cell or/and organism survival, inform on fundamental biological processes related to cell proliferation and organism development and provide a window on the molecular mechanisms of human disease. Here we present a brief overview of the resources and knowledge gathered around gene essentiality, from cancer cell lines to model organisms to human development. We outline the implications of using different sources of evidence and definitions to determine which genes are essential and highlight how information on the essentiality status of a gene can inform novel disease gene discovery and therapeutic target identification.
Characterization of transonic shock oscillations over the span of an OAT15A profile
Authors: Accorinti Alessandro , Korthäuer Tim , Scharnowski Sven , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe flow over a wing model with aspect ratio 2 and based on the supercritical airfoil (OAT15A) was experimentally investigated for a fixed Reynolds number ($$Re_\textrm{c}$$

R

e
c

) of $$3\times 10^{6}$$

3
×

10
6

and numerous aerodynamic conditions. The angle of attack (AOA) and the Mach number ($$M_\mathrm {\infty }$$

M
∞

) were varied between 5$$^{\circ }$$

∘

and 6.5$$^{\circ }$$

∘

, and between 0.72 and 0.75, respectively. Here we focused on the dynamics of the shock front at incipient and developed buffet conditions, by employing background-oriented schlieren measurements on the wing’s upper surface. The spanwise variations of the shock front statistics and its frequency content were examined. The shock oscillations appeared to be the superposition of multiple fluid modes, of which the most dominant was the classic 2-D buffet, which induced uniform chordwise oscillations of the shock front. The hypothesis was formulated that the remaining modes are linked to physical phenomena reported in the literature, namely the side-wall boundary layer and the vortices detected in the mid-span separated flow.
Embedded 3D reconstruction of dynamic objects in real time for maritime situational awareness pictures
Authors: Sattler Felix , Carrillo-Perez Borja , Barnes Sarah , Stebner Karsten , Stephan Maurice , Lux Gregor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAssessing the security status of maritime infrastructures is a key factor for maritime safety and security. Facilities such as ports and harbors are highly active traffic zones with many different agents and infrastructures present, like containers, trucks or vessels. Conveying security-related information in a concise and easily understandable format can support the decision-making process of stakeholders, such as port authorities, law enforcement agencies and emergency services. In this work, we propose a novel real-time 3D reconstruction framework for enhancing maritime situational awareness pictures by joining temporal 2D video data into a single consistent display. We introduce and verify a pipeline prototype for dynamic 3D reconstruction of maritime objects using a static observer and stereoscopic cameras on an GPU-accelerated embedded device. A simulated dataset of a harbor basin was created and used for real-time processing. Usage of a simulated setup allowed verification against synthetic ground-truth data. The presented pipeline runs entirely on a remote, low-power embedded system with $$\sim $$
∼
6 Hz. A Nvidia Jetson Xavier AGX module was used, featuring 512 CUDA-cores, 16 GB memory and an ARMv8 64-bit octa-core CPU.
Adverse impact of tumor deposits in lymph node negative rectal cancer — a national cohort study
Authors: Lundström Simon , Agger Erik , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Jörgren Fredrik , Buchwald Pamela 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of tumor deposits (TDs) in lymph node negative rectal cancer.

Methods
Patients who had undergone surgery for rectal cancer with curative intention between 2011 and 2014 were extracted from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Patients with positive lymph nodes, undisclosed TD status, stage IV disease, non-radical resections, or any outcome (local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM) or mortality) within 90 days after surgery were excluded. TDs status was based on histopathological reports. Cox-regression analyses were used to examine the prognostic impact of TDs on LR, DM, and overall survival (OS) in lymph node–negative rectal cancer.

Results
A total of 5455 patients were assessed for inclusion of which 2667 patients were analyzed, with TDs present in 158 patients. TD-positive patients had a lower 5-year DM-free survival (72.8%, p < 0.0001) and 5-year overall survival (75.9%, p = 0.016), but not 5-year LR-free survival (97.6%) compared to TD-negative patients (90.2%, 83.1% and 95.6%, respectively). In multivariable regression analysis, TDs increased the risk of DM [HR 4.06, 95% CI 2.72–6.06, p < 0.001] and reduced the OS [HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.35–2.48, p < 0.001]. For LR, only univariable regression analysis was performed which showed no increased risk of LR [HR 1.88, 95% CI 0.86–4.11, p = 0.11].

Conclusion
TDs are a negative predictor of DM and OS in lymph node–negative rectal cancer and could be taken into consideration when planning adjuvant treatment.
Impacts of vascular comorbidities on free flap perfusion in microvascular head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Ooms Mark , Heitzer Marius , Winnand Philipp , Bock Anna , Katz Marie , Bickenbach Johannes , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Arterial hypertension (AHTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) are common vascular comorbidities in patients undergoing reconstruction of the head and neck region with a microvascular free flap. These conditions may affect flap perfusion (microvascular blood flow and tissue oxygenation), which is a prerequisite for flap survival and thus reconstruction success. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of AHTN, DM, and ASVD on flap perfusion.

Methods
Data from 308 patients who underwent successful reconstruction of the head and neck region with radial free forearm flaps, anterolateral thigh flaps, or fibula free flaps between 2011 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Flap perfusion was measured intraoperatively and postoperatively with the O2C tissue oxygen analysis system. Flap blood flow, hemoglobin concentration, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation were compared between patients with and without AHTN, DM, and ASVD.

Results
Intraoperative hemoglobin oxygen saturation and postoperative blood flow were lower in patients with ASVD than in patients without ASVD (63.3% vs. 69.5%, p = 0.046; 67.5 arbitrary units [AU] vs. 85.0 AU, p = 0.036; respectively). These differences did not persist in the multivariable analysis (all p > 0.05). No difference was found in intraoperative or postoperative blood flow or hemoglobin oxygen saturation between patients with and without AHTN or DM (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Perfusion of microvascular free flaps used for head and neck reconstruction is not impaired in patients with AHTN, DM, or ASVD. Unrestricted flap perfusion may contribute to the observed successful use of microvascular free flaps in patients with these comorbidities.
Different monoclonal antibodies and immunosuppressants administration in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Ziqian , Qiu Youjia , Duan Aojie , Fang Ting , Chen Zhouqing , Wu Jiang , Wang Zhong , Chen Gang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
A variety of novel monoclonal antibodies and immunosuppressant have been proved effective in treating Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). This network meta-analysis compared and ranked the efficacy and tolerability of currently used monoclonal antibodies and immunosuppressive agents in NMOSD.

Methods
Electronic database including PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies evaluating monoclonal antibodies and immunosuppressants in patients with NMOSD. The primary outcome measures were annualized relapse rate (ARR), relapse rate, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, and total adverse events (AEs).

Results
We identified 25 studies with 2919 patients in our meta-analysis. For the primary outcome, rituximab (RTX) (SUCRA: 0.02) ranked first in reduction ARR with a significant difference compared with azathioprine (AZA) (MD – 0.34, 95% CrI – 0.55 to – 0.12) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (MD –0.38, 95% CrI – 0.63 to – 0.14). Tocilizumab (SUCRA: 0.05) ranked first in relapse rate, which was superior to satralizumab (lnOR – 25.4, 95% CrI – 74.4 to – 2.49) and inebilizumab (lnOR – 24.86, 95% CrI – 73.75 to – 1.93). MMF (SUCRA: 0.27) had the fewest AEs followed by RTX (SUCRA: 0.35), both of which showed a significant difference compared with AZA and corticosteroids (MMF vs AZA: lnOR – 1.58, 95% CrI – 2.48 to – 0.68; MMF vs corticosteroids: lnOR – 1.34, 95% CrI – 2.3 to – 0.37) (RTX vs AZA: lnOR – 1.34, 95% CrI – 0.37 to – 2.3; RTX vs corticosteroids: lnOR – 2.52, 95% CrI – 0.32 to – 4.86). In EDSS score, no statistical difference was found between different interventions.

Conclusion
RTX and tocilizumab showed better efficacy than traditional immunosuppressants in reducing relapse. For safety, MMF and RTX had fewer AEs. However, studies with larger sample size on newly developed monoclonal antibodies are warranted in the future.