bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet addiction, loneliness, and academic burnout among Chinese college students: a mediation model
Authors: Gu Junwang , Wu Ping , Luo Yating , He Xiongkun , Fu Lei , Liu Hanjie , Lin Fen , Xu Qi , Wu Xuanhui 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe dynamics of education and student life have changed since the COVID-19 pandemic. Our society, especially the education system, has become largely dependent on the Internet. This paradigm shifts largely took place in the last few decades. As such, there are various ways in which we cannot comprehend the impact that the Internet can have on student psychology, and how multiple other factors could influence that. Internet addiction and its relationship with academic burnout, along with the impact of loneliness, are all essential factors that must be discussed candidly in the post-COVID-19 era. Hence, the objective of this study was, therefore, to explore the relationship between Internet addiction, loneliness, and academic burnout among Chinese college students as well as the mediating role of loneliness.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey at a Chinese university from October to November 2022. In total, 810 valid respondents were selected via random cluster sampling using the well-established Internet Addiction, Loneliness, and Academic Burnout Scale. The primary approach of mediation analysis and structural equation modeling testing examined the relationships among the three components.ResultsInternet addiction could be responsible for academic burnout among college students. Loneliness partially mediates the relationship between Internet addiction and academic burnout. In a mediated way, different types of loneliness contribute to different types of academic burnout.ConclusionPsychological interventions for loneliness, especially emotional loneliness prevention, are the critical aspects of the problem of Internet addiction accompanied with academic burnout. The causal relationship between Internet addiction and academic burnout, possibly of a two-way nature, needs to be further explored in the next future.
Embracing dynamic public health policy impacts in infectious diseases responses: leveraging implementation science to improve practice
Authors: Branch-Elliman Westyn , Elwy A. Rani , Chambers David A. 
Published: August 2023

RationaleThe host-pathogen relationship is inherently dynamic and constantly evolving. Applying an implementation science lens to policy evaluation suggests that policy impacts are variable depending upon key implementation outcomes (feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness costs) and conditions and contexts.COVID-19 case studyExperiences with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) including masking, testing, and social distancing/business and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic response highlight the importance of considering public health policy impacts through an implementation science lens of constantly evolving contexts, conditions, evidence, and public perceptions. As implementation outcomes (feasibility, acceptability) changed, the effectiveness of these interventions changed thereby altering public health policy impact. Sustainment of behavioral change may be a key factor determining the duration of effectiveness and ultimate impact of pandemic policy recommendations, particularly for interventions that require ongoing compliance at the level of the individual.Practical framework for assessing and evaluating pandemic policyUpdating public health policy recommendations as more data and alternative interventions become available is the evidence-based policy approach and grounded in principles of implementation science and dynamic sustainability. Achieving the ideal of real-time policy updates requires improvements in public health data collection and analysis infrastructure and a shift in public health messaging to incorporate uncertainty and the necessity of ongoing changes. In this review, the Dynamic Infectious Diseases Public Health Response Framework is presented as a model with a practical tool for iteratively incorporating implementation outcomes into public health policy design with the aim of sustaining benefits and identifying when policies are no longer functioning as intended and need to be adapted or de-implemented.Conclusions and implicationsReal-time decision making requires sensitivity to conditions on the ground and adaptation of interventions at all levels. When asking about the public health effectiveness and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions, the focus should be on when, how, and for how long they can achieve public health impact. In the future, rather than focusing on models of public health intervention effectiveness that assume static impacts, policy impacts should be considered as dynamic with ongoing re-evaluation as conditions change to meet the ongoing needs of the ultimate end-user of the intervention: the public.
The influence of perceived stress of Chinese healthcare workers after the opening of COVID-19: the bidirectional mediation between mental health and job burnout
Authors: Jiang Minhui , Li Zhangjie , Zheng Xiaomin , Liu Min , Feng Yaling 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the current status and interaction of perceived stress, job burnout and mental health among healthcare workers after the opening of COVID-19 which occurred in December 2022.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 792 healthcare workers from three tertiary hospitals in Wuxi was conducted from January 2023 to February 2023. Sociodemographic questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Burnout Scale and Mental Health Self-Assessment Questionnaire were used for investigation. SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct data analysis. The significance of mediation was determined by the PROCESS macro using a bootstrap method.ResultsThe results showed that (1) The average scores of the participants for perceived stress, mental health and job burnout were 22.65 (7.67), 3.85 (4.21) and 1.88 (1.03), respectively. (2) The perceived stress score, mental health score and job burnout score of healthcare workers were positively correlated (r = 0.543–0.699, p &lt; 0.05). (3) Mental health partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and job burnout with a mediating effect of 17.17% of the total effect. Job burnout partially mediated the correlation between perceived stress and mental health with a mediating effect of 31.73% of the total effect.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that perceived stress had an impact on job burnout and mental health, either directly or indirectly. Healthcare managers should intervene to reduce perceived stress to protect healthcare workers’ mental health, thereby alleviating burnout under the opening COVID-19 pandemic environment.
Accessory and cavitated uterine masses: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Dekkiche S. , Dubruc E. , Kanbar M. , Feki A. , Mueller M. , Meuwly J-Y. , Mathevet P. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to report nine patients of young women who underwent a surgical treatment of an accessory and cavitated uterine mass (ACUM) in our hospital between 2014 and 2022 and review all cases described in the literature.Material and methodsThe principal outcomes measured are the imaging techniques used to determine the diagnosis, the type of surgery used and the post-operative evolution of symptoms. We also report and analyse the 79 patients found in the literature since 1996 in addition to our 9 patients.ResultsSurgical excision is the only long-lasting treatment. Small invasive surgery with laparoscopic access is the gold standard and most widely used (83.0%). Some new therapeutic procedures have been recently described of which ethanol sclerotherapy seems very promising. Post-operatively, 54.5% of patients have a complete relief of symptoms. MRI is the best imaging technique to identify ACUM. Finally, we refine the description of this pathology and give a more precise definition of it.ConclusionThrough our literature review and the analysis of our cases, we want to underline an important diagnostic criterion of this pathology: the fallopian tube on the homolateral side of the ACUM never communicates with the latter. It is a capital element for differential diagnosis.
Assessing Mental Health Outcomes in Quarantine Centres: A Cross-Sectional Study during COVID-19 in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Nadia , Ismail Rohaida , Ibrahim Mohd Faiz , Abdul Shukor Imanul Hassan , Mohamad Mohd Zulfinainie , Mahmud Muhammad Farhan , Yaacob Siti Sara 
Published: August 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, persons under surveillance (PUS) were isolated in quarantine centres instead of at home. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the mental health issues experienced by these persons. This study aimed to assess mental health outcomes and associated factors among PUS and frontline workers at quarantine centres. This study conducted an analysis of secondary data from a cross-sectional survey carried out by the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services (MHPSS). The MHPSS employed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to evaluate mental health outcomes across 49 quarantine centres in Malaysia. The study included a total of 4577 respondents. The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression was found to be 0.9%, 11.4%, and 10.2%, respectively. Frontline workers and being part of the younger age group were found to be associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Other factors associated with mental health issues were being female, staying at an institution-type centre, and a longer duration of the stay or work at the centre. In conclusion, assessing the mental health status and its associated factors among quarantine centre occupants is crucial for developing future strategies to safeguard their mental well-being.
Upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning
Authors: Lestari Tasrini Dwi , Mayasari Dian , Untajana Jualian R 
Published: August 2023

The application of the Discovery Learning learning model aims to create activity-based learning discoveries that will have an impact on improving student learning outcomes. This type of research is research class action using the Kemmis and Mc Taggart models. This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 2 Merauke, which focuses on mixed class XI, has 11 students in odd semesters. The purpose of this activity to improve learning activities so that they can run effectively according to conditions. Research instruments that used in the form of teacher observation sheets, student observation sheets and student test sheets. Observation sheet for measure the effectiveness of learning activities and test sheets are used to measure student learning outcomes. This research was conducted through 2 cycles. The results of this study is an increase in learning activities students marked by the average percentage of student activity in cycle 1 of 42% (enough) rose to 70% (good) in cycle 2. Student learning activities influence student learning outcomes indicated by the presence of an average percentage of completeness learning outcomes cycle 1 of 0% (low) increased to 72.7% (good) in cycle 2.
Radiomorphological Parameters of the Foot Bones During the Talus Fracture Treatment Using the Ilizarov Apparatus
Authors: Diachkova G. V. , Naritsyn V. A. , Sutyagin I. V. , Diachkov K. A. , Martel I. I. , Sazonova N. A. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Talus fractures are one of the most dangerous injuries leading to serious consequences. Quite a lot of treatment methods have been proposed, but the use of the Ilizarov apparatus is relatively rare. Objective: To justify the use of the Ilizarov apparatus in the talus fracture treatment by studying radiomorphological parameters of the foot bones at different stages of follow-up. Methods: We used radiography and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in 25 patients treated for talus injuries by the Ilizarov apparatus to study radiographic and radiomorphological features of the foot bones at different stages of follow-up. We analyzed normal parameters of the foot bones forming the ankle joint in 15 patients. Results and discussion: Dynamics of talus radiomorphology during its fracture or fracture-dislocation are characterized by a gradual increase in the bone density at the union site. The local density of the talus at the fracture site gradually increased and exceeded 500 HU in 6 months. The organotypic adjustment at the union site did not end by this time, given the architecture of the talus and the biomechanics of the foot. We observed a decrease in the total densities of the talus and calcaneus during fixation by the Ilizarov apparatus and their gradual return to normal values after removal of the apparatus. Conclusions: Talus fracture treatment by transosseous osteosynthesis using the Ilizarov apparatus makes it possible to get immediate good results, especially using a configuration with hinges allowing for early mobilization of the ankle joint and loading in the early stages of treatment.
Current Ultrasonography Potential in the Diagnosis of Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis
Authors: Vozgoment O. V. , Kostenko E. A. , Nadtochiy A. G. , Fisenko E. P. , Zaitseva N. V. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To determine the diagnostic significance of sonographic signs indicating the parotid glands’ condition in children with juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP). Materials and methods: We examined 42 patients with JRP and 30 children aged 3-17 years from the control group. Both groups underwent B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography of parotid glands to assess linear dimensions, contours, structures, echogenicity, pronouncement of the stromal component, parenchymal vascularization, and condition of intraglandular lymph nodes. The diagnostic significance of the sonographic signs was assessed by ROC analysis. Results and discussion: We found significant differences between the study and control groups in terms of such sonographic signs as gland enlargement, decreased parenchymal echogenicity, change in the echotexture, increased stromal component, increased parenchymal vascularization, and reactive parotid lymph nodes (P < .05). With the high-frequency probe we were able to study the structure of JRP-associated hypoechoic foci in the parenchyma and prove that they are not cystic dilatation of the ducts but foci of infiltration around the peripheral ducts with structurally altered walls. Conclusions: Ultrasonography plays a pivotal role in the JRP diagnosis and can identify its most significant sonographic signs, such as increased size, distinctive changes in the parenchymal echotexture, decreased echogenicity, and increased parenchymal vascularization.
Spatial Strategies in Reducing Anthropogenic Urban Heat Island Impacts: The Case of Bolu City Center
Authors: KIRKIK AYDEMİR K. Pınar , KAZANCI ALTINOK Gamze , ÜNSAL Ömer 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The growth and urbanization of cities in the world and in Turkey have resulted in changes in the micro-climate structure, and cities are heating up. The "urban heat island" (UHI) effect, which is one of the effects of climate change in urban areas, is emerging especially with the concentration of anthropogenic activities. UHI effect, in addition to meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind, morphological factors like building heights, building typology, geographic location, urban geometry, surface material selection, etc. is caused by anthropogenic effects. In this study, UHI effect which is caused by uncontrolled urban development in Bolu/ Turkey is identified and spatial strategies are developed. As a research method, the literature assessment was first taken and the factors affecting the UHI were investigated. Finally, the spatial strategies for reducing the UHI impact are given in the conceptual framework as a proposal for urban design and a roadmap that will guide the city's development trend in the coming years. In addition, this study guides the development of holistic, environmental-conscious strategies and the reduction of the UHI impact in the Bolu city center with green infrastructure proposals with academic, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), local governments and the participation of local people.
Inversion-mode InGaAs FinFETs for RF applications
Authors: Wu Jing-Yuan , Huang Ping , Luc Quang-Ho , Chiang Yung-Chun , Yu Hsiang-Chan , Chen Mu-Yu , Yi Chang Edward 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, we present an inversion-mode InGaAs FinFETs with transition frequency (f
T) = 263 GHz and maximum oscillation frequency (f
max) = 70 GHz. In addition, peak transconductance (g
m) = 1976 (μS μm−1) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) = 88 (mV V−1) were also measured at V
ds = 0.5 V; subthreshold swing (SS) = 77 and 83 (mV dec−1) was obtained at V
ds = 0.05 and 0.5 V, respectively. Immunity to short-channel effects and superior transfer characteristics are attributed to the gate controllability of the fin structure. This work demonstrates the capability of inversion-mode InGaAs FinFETs in the realm of high-frequency applications.
ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ
Authors: ﺷﺭﻭﻕ ﻛﺎﻅﻡ  
Published: August 2023

ﺘﻬدف ﻫذﻩ اﻟد ارﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌرف اﻟﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﺴﺘﺨدام اﻻﻨﺘرﻨت ﻟدى طﻠﺒـﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺒﻐـداد ٬
ﺒﻠـﻎ ﺤﺠـم اﻟﻌﻴﻨـﺔ (٣٠٠) طﺎﻟـب وطﺎﻟﺒـﺔ ٬ وﻗـد اﺴـﺘﻌﻠﻤت ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﺴـﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ اﻋـدﺘﻬﺎ
اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـﺔ ﻤﻛوﻨـﺔ ﻤـن (٢٧) ﻓﻘـرة. اﺸـﺎرت اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ اﻟـﻰ ان طﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﻴﺴـﺘﺨدﻤون اﻻﻨﺘرﻨـت
ﻟﻼﻏـ ارض اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺒﺎﻟدرﺠـﺔ اﻻوﻟـﻰ ﺜـم اﻻﻏـ ارض اﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ واﺨﻴـًار ﻟﻼﻏـ ارض اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ. وﻗـد
وﺠدت اﻟد ارﺴﺔ ان ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓروﻗﺎً اﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ داﻟﺔ ﺘﺤت ﻤﺴـﺘوى ٠,٠٥ ﺒـﻴن اﻟطﺎﻟﺒـﺎت واﻟطـﻼب
وﻛـذﻟك ﻓروﻗـﺎً ﺒـﻴن طﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﻘﺴـم اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ واﻻﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻲ ٬ وﻗـد اوﺼـت اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ ﺒﻌـدة ﺘوﺼـﻴﺎت ﺒﻨـﺎ ًء

ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﺒﺤث.
ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ

ان ﻤﻔﻬـوم اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت ﻗـد ﻋرﻓـﻪ اﻻﻨﺴـﺎن ﻗـدﻴﻤﺎً وﻴﺘﻀـﺢ ذﻟـك ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒـﺎت
واﻟﻨﻘوش اﻟﻤوﺠودة ﻓﻲ اﻷاﻟواح اﻟطﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤوﺠودة ﻓﻲ ﺤﻀﺎرة وادي اﻟ ارﻓدﻴن وﻗد اﺴـﺘﺨدم ﻫـذا
اﻟﻤﻔﻬـوم ﺒﻛﺜـرة ﺤـدﻴﺜﺎً ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻟﺘﻌـدد اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت وﻤـﺎ ارﻓﻘﻬـﺎ ﻤـن ﺘطـور ﻫﺎﺌـﻝ ﻟﻨﻘـﻝ اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت
وﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬـﺎ. ان اﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴر اﻟﻤﺘ ازﻴـد ﻟﻠﻌﻠـوم اﻟﺘﻛﻨوﻟوﺠﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺸـﻌوب ﺠﻌـﻝ ﻤـﺎ ﻛﺎﻨـت ﺘﻘـوم ﺒـﻪ
اﻟﻤﻛﺘﺒــﺎت ﻤــن ﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻊ وﺘﻨظــﻴم وﺤﻔــظ ﻟﻼﻨﺘــﺎج اﻟﻔﻛــري ﻻ ﻴﻔــﻲ ﺒــﺎﻟﻐرض ٬ وﻫﻛــذا ظﻬــرت
اﻟﺤﺎﺠـﺔ اﻟــﻲ ﺘﻘــدﻴم اﻟﺨــدﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎﺘﻴــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻤﺴـﺘوى ﻴﻔــﻲ ﺒﺤﺎﺠــﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺤــث اﻟــذي ﻴطﻠــب
اﻟﺨدﻤﺔ اﻟﺴرﻴﻌﺔ. ان ظﻬور اﻻﻨﺘرﻨت وﺴﻴﻠﺔً ﻟﻼﺘﺼـﺎﻝ ﻴﺘواﺼـﻝ ﻤـن ﺨﻼﻟﻬـﺎ اﻟﻤﻼﻴـﻴن ﺒﺼـورة
ﻤﺒﺎﺸــرة وﻏﻴــر ﻤﺒﺎﺸــرة اذ ﻴﺴــﺘطﻴﻊ اﻻﻓــ ارد ﻤــن اﻻﺘﺼــﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﺒﻴــﻨﻬم ﻋــن طرﻴــق اﻟﺘﺨﺎطــب
اﻟﻛﺘــﺎﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺜــﺔ ٬( chat ) واﻟﺘﺨﺎطــب اﻟﺼــوﺘﻲ ﻋﺒــر اﻟﻬــﺎﺘف ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘرﻨــت ٬ ﻛﻤــﺎ ﻴﻤﻛــﻨﻬم
اﻻﺘﺼـﺎﻝ ﻏﻴـر اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸـرﻋﺒر اﻟﺒرﻴـد اﻻﻟﻛﺘروﻨـﻲ ( E-mail ) ﻓﻀـﻼً ﻋـن اﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻓﻊ اﻟﻛﺜﻴـرة اﻟﺘـﻲ
ﻴﻘدﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻠطﻠﺒﺔ ٬ ﻓﻤـن ﺨﻼﻟـﻪ ﻴﻤﻛـن ﻟﻠطﺎﻟـب اﻟـدﺨوﻝ اﻟـﻲ اﻟﻤﻛﺘﺒـﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺒـﺔ واﻻطـﻼع ﻋﻠـﻰ
اﻟﻨﺘـﺎج اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﻟﻠﺒـﺎﺤﺜﻴن ٬ ﻓﺎﻷﻨﺘرﻨـت ﻤﺴـﺘودع ﻴﺤﺘـوي اﻟﻛﺜﻴـر ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻛﺘـب واﻷﺒﺤـﺎث اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ
واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻀــ ارت اﻟﻤرﺌﻴــﺔ واﻟﺴــﻤﻌﻴﺔ (ﻋﺒــد اﻟﻔﺘــﺎح (١٩٩٨ ٬ ﻤﻤــﺎ ﻴﺘــﻴﺢ ﻟﻠطﺎﻟــب اﺴــﺘﺨدام واﺴــﻊ

ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت.
Effect of different doses of fungicide Bentazole Combl 50% SL on the growth of fungus Nurses Rhizactonia solani and Fusarium solani isolated from cucumber plant
Authors: A. Zahra Jabbar Allobawi Salwan , Kitab Abid Zaid Alshafiee Adeeb , Mohammed Ashour Qasem , Hadi Rahim Suha 
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to test the effect of repeated treatment with a different dose of the fungicide Bentazole Combl 50% SL on the appearance of pesticides resistance in pathogenic fungi Rhizactonia solani and Fusarium solani. Pthogenicity tests showed that both Rhizactonia solani and Fusarium solani are pathogenic on radish seeds with infection rates of 100 and 90%, respectively. In case of R.solani, Bentazole Combl 50% SL affected the fungal radial growth, where the lowest radial growth in the treatment of double dose of Bentazole Combl 50% SL compared to the control (6.72 and 0.00) cm respectively, for the first transfer. While, the lowest radial growth appeared in the treatment of the full dose Bentazole Combl 50% SL compared to the control treatment reaching 1.03 cm and 8.15 cm, respectively, for the second transfer.
The Influence of Ethnomathematics Based Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model on Gedongsongo Temple Objects on the Creative Thinking Ability of Junior High School Students in View of Self-Confidence
Authors: Suryonegoro Bayu Murti , Hidayah Isti 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of the study: In analyzing the relationship between the influence of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model based on ethnomathematics learning at Gedongsongo Temple on the creative thinking abilities of class IX junior high school students regarding self-confidence.
Methodology: The subjects of this study were Junior high school 1 Jambu students. The research method used is quasi-experimental and posttest-only control design research. Data collection techniques using test and non-test instruments in the form of questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis begins with a prerequisite test using the normality and homogeneity tests. Test the hypothesis using the proportion test and test the regression analysis.
Main Findings: There is a difference in Creative Thinking Ability and a difference in self-confidence which is more increased in applying the problem-based learning model based on Gedongsongo Temple ethnomathematics in class IX junior high school students. Thus, there is a relationship between the influence of the Gedongsongo Temple ethnomathematics problem-based learning model on the creative thinking abilities of class IX junior high school students regarding self-confidence.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The expository model through the teacher-centered approach is believed to be unable to empower students' creative thinking abilities and self-confidence, so creative thinking skills and self-confidence are still low, and students do not play an active role in the process of studying the material in class. Therefore, there needs to be an update using the PBL model with ethnomathematics to improve creative thinking skills.
Ability Analysis of Providing Explanations and Strategies in Learning Science
Authors: Kartina Lia , Nurmeimana Nurmeimana , Abamba Ikechuku , Aswad Amar J. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of the study: This descriptive study aims to analyze science learning based on students' High Order Thinking Skills, which can be seen from the thinking skills of students in junior high schools.
Methodology: This research was conducted at Junior High School State 21 Jambi City using a mixed research method with an explanatory analysis design with two instruments instrument for the quantitative approach and interview sheets for the qualitative approach. The research subjects were 58 students of class VIII. The concept tested is material about lens refraction, divided into ten questions.
Main Findings: Five indicators tested are the ability to provide essential explanations (MPD) and strategies and tactics. After analyzing the student's answers, the average MPD skills were 2.40, and strategy and tactics were 2.48. This critical thinking skill is good because the teacher also provides space for students to be active in learning so that students often ask questions and analyze the material presented in learning science.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study is that analyzing HOTS-based science learning can improve students' critical thinking skills so that students can be active in asking questions and analyzing the material. With necessary thinking skills, students can be more open to differences of opinion, and students can still be objective with the sources of knowledge that they have before.