bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive sequential development of left and right‐sided idiopathic recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in a Standardbred racehorse
Authors: Olsen H. M. B. , Sørby R. , Strand E. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryA 4‐year‐old Standardbred racehorse presented to the hospital due to poor performance and abnormal respiratory noises. A high‐speed treadmill videoendoscopic examination including tracheal airway pressure measurements was performed. Grade C left recurrent neuropathy was diagnosed and a prosthetic laryngoplasty was performed. Following surgery, the horse went back into training and eventually racing and performed well in its first two starts. Ten and a half months later the horse re‐presented with abnormal respiratory noise, and poor performance had returned. Therefore, the examination was repeated. This revealed that the left arytenoid cartilage was in a similar abducted position as immediately after prosthetic laryngoplasty surgery. However, right‐sided arytenoid paresis was present as well as bilateral aryepiglottic fold collapse and right vocal fold collapse. Bilateral aryepiglottic fold resection and right vocal cordectomy was performed using a diode laser under standing sedation. The horse presented a third time, four and a half months later. At this point, the horse had developed right arytenoid paralysis, and it was euthanised. Necroscopy and histopathological examinations were performed. The right cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle was moderately reduced in size and showed signs of denervation atrophy. There was loss of normal myelinated fibres of both recurrent laryngeal nerves as well as evidence of active degeneration of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. In the way the horse sequentially developed first left‐sided then right‐sided arytenoid paralysis, combined with histological evidence of nerve degeneration, a diagnosis of ‘clinical’ bilateral idiopathic recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was established.
Not Ready yet: Why Accelerators May Not Close the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship as Expected
Authors: Galmangodage Lakni , Yu Ai , Costanzo Laura 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhile existing research shows that accelerators play an important role in closing the gender gap in entrepreneurship, our study aims to critically assess the role of accelerators in relation to gender‐related structural inequalities, rather than individual‐level barriers, that women entrepreneurs face in the neoliberal entrepreneurial ecosystem. Drawing on Butler's (1990) work on gender performativity in which performativity is understood as citational practices, we examine the everyday discourses of six highly regarded Swedish accelerators on the entrepreneurial projects they support and the entrepreneurs they work with. Our Critical Discourse Analysis indicates that even in countries where gender equality policies are promoted, such as Sweden, accelerators' communicative acts “cite” and “reiterate” the gender and cultural norms of the Swedish entrepreneurial system, which is characterized by long‐standing disparities in gender‐based sectoral segregation and rooted in a strong individualistic culture under the influence of neoliberal policies and practices. In doing so, we question the readiness of accelerators to facilitate women entrepreneurship and suggest that they should instead work with key stakeholders, including feminist activists and policymakers, to confront and mediate systemic and structural gender inequalities.
The effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people living with HIV
Authors: Walker S. H. , Grierson J. , Sullivan A. , Alagaratnam J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroPublic health restrictions were introduced in the UK in March 2021 in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of our study was to understand the impact of the disruptions to routine healthcare services among people with HIV during this time and the effect on their engagement with healthcare, social, employment, and relationship networks and mental and physical well‐being, to inform advanced planning in the event of future healthcare service disruptions.MethodsAn online survey was conducted, with participants recruited from one HIV clinic and one community organization in England. It included questions on demographics, HIV infection, treatment and status, the effect of the HIV pandemic on aspects of HIV care, and other social factors. Descriptive and limited statistical analysis was carried out to describe and look for associations within the data.ResultsOur sample of 100 respondents were significantly older, and had more White, male participants than the UK population of people with HIV. In total, 65% had experienced COVID‐19 infection. Over one‐quarter (29%) of our respondents had missed HIV appointments during the pandemic; 38% reported that access to HIV treatment had worsened, and 25% reported that their HIV‐related health had worsened. Women, those diagnosed with depression, those living further from the clinic, and Black respondents were significantly more likely to also report missed appointments. HIV‐related health deterioration was significantly associated with missed appointments and with welfare receipt.Discussion and ConclusionOur findings highlight the unequal effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and disruption to HIV services on people living with HIV. Our sample under‐represented women and over‐represented older, White men, which needs to be addressed in the recruitment strategies of a future nationwide sample. In preparation for future service disruption, HIV services should identify vulnerable populations, including those at greater risk of missing appointments or struggling to access services, drug treatment, and information. Clear targeted mitigations should be developed and put in place. Steps to allow remote provision of services to those living at distance from the clinic should be considered.
Dislocation dynamics in ceramics: A perspective from theoretical simulations
Authors: Li Yi , Liu Xiangyang , Wan Chunlei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlasticity in ceramics is governed by the process of dislocation dynamics, which can be divided into four stages: nucleation, activation, motion, and multiplication of dislocations. Unlike metals, ceramics exhibit distinct dynamic behavior of dislocations due to their inherent properties, such as a weak ability to nucleate and difficulties in activation. These factors contribute to their brittle nature and pose challenges for studying their plasticity. Theoretical simulations are useful tools to study dislocation dynamic behaviors. In this perspective, we briefly summarize the current methods for simulating the four stages of dislocation dynamics and discuss their relevance to the characteristic parameters of each stage. Additionally, we review the progress and challenges in applying these methods to ceramic materials. By addressing these aspects, we aim to provide an understanding of how simulations contribute to the study and improvement of ceramic plasticity.
The Sociodemographic Characteristics of Mothers With Intellectual Disability: A Review of Population‐Level Studies
Authors: Collings S. , Hindmarsh G. , Wilkinson H. , Llewellyn G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPopulation studies confirm mothers with intellectual disability have poorer antenatal outcomes than other mothers but less is known about any differences in sociodemographic characteristics between these groups.MethodA systematic review of population‐level studies on parents with intellectual disability was undertaken from January to August 2023. Seven electronic databases and references from two literature reviews were examined and 27 studies met inclusion criteria for the review.ResultsAll studies reported on mothers and only one on fathers. Maternal age and socioeconomic status were most frequently reported; age in 26 studies and socioeconomic status in 23 studies. Most studies found mothers with intellectual disability were significantly younger (73%) and more disadvantaged (83%) than their peers.ConclusionsMaternal intellectual disability co‐occurs with established parenting risk factors in the general population. Social welfare programs must become disability‐inclusive and population datasets should routinely include disability items. A knowledge gap remains in relation to fathers with intellectual disability.
Non‐pharmacological Interventions for Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chen Haotian , Zhang Jianhao , Li Sainan , Zhang Haoyue , Wei Lingxin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions in children with preoperative anxiety.BackgroundIt is estimated that preoperative anxiety affects up to 60% of children which is associated with both immediate and long‐term adverse outcomes. Several non‐pharmacological interventions have been demonstrated to be effective, but further research is necessary to determine which is the most effective.DesignThis study was conducted and reported in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist.MethodsWe searched randomised controlled trials in twelve databases from which inception to March 31, 2024. The primary outcome was the severity of preoperative anxiety change from the baseline to the endpoint which is usually before the anaesthesia induction. Within the frequentist framework, a random‐effects network meta‐analysis (NMA) was used to compare the primary outcomes. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank each intervention separately. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out for the primary outcomes.ResultsA total of 36 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with 3182 paediatric patients were included. Based on the results, psychological + digital health intervention was significantly more effective than control groups and ranked highest. Combined parental presence during induction anaesthesia and video games (PPIA + VG) had significant benefits compared to almost all other interventions with the highest rank.ConclusionPsychological + digital health interventions, especially PPIA + VG, may be the most effective non‐pharmacological interventions for reducing preoperative anxiety in children. It is necessary to conduct more RCTs to evaluate the efficacy of different non‐pharmacological interventions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNon‐pharmacological interventions can effectively improve preoperative anxiety in children.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution applies to this work.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42024509512 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/)
Printed versus heat‐polymerized resin for occlusal devices: Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties after brushing and microbial adhesion
Authors: Carvalho‐Silva João Marcos , Marinho Vanessa Teixeira , Lopez Vitor de Paula , Teixeira Ana Beatriz Vilela , Ferreira Izabela , de Campos Murilo Rodrigues , dos Reis Andréa Cândido 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the physical and mechanical properties after brushing and microbial adhesion of printed resins (PRs) and heat‐polymerized resins (HRs) for occlusal devices (ODs).Materials and MethodsKnoop microhardness and roughness were evaluated in three measurements before and after brushing with detergent or dentifrice. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were assessed by 3‐point bending, and the adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated by colony‐forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and metabolic activity using the XTT assay only without brushing. Flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and microbial adhesion were analyzed using Student's t‐test, while three‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni was applied to evaluate microhardness and roughness (p < 0.05).ResultsPR showed higher microhardness, lower microbial adhesion, and metabolic activity of C. albicans than HR (p < 0.05), which in turn showed higher flexural strength and modulus of elasticity (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the adhesion and metabolic activity of S. mutans or the roughness between the resins (p > 0.05). Brushing with detergent and dentifrice reduced HR and PR microhardness (p < 0.05); the use of detergent did not change HR and PR roughness (p = 1.00), and the use of dentifrice increased HR roughness (p < 0.001).ConclusionIt was concluded that PR showed lower roughness and higher microhardness and lower microbial adhesion after brushing with dentifrice compared to HR. However, HR had higher flexural strength and modulus of elasticity than PR. The use of detergent did not promote surface changes for PR and HR after brushing.
Factors and Outcomes Associated With Using Scratch‐Cooked, Organic, and Locally Grown Foods in School Meals in California
Authors: Zuercher Monica D. , Orta‐Aleman Dania , French Caitlin D. , Cohen Juliana F. W. , Hecht Christina A. , Hecht Kenneth , Chapman Leah E. , Read Margaret , Ohri‐Vachaspati Punam , Schwartz Marlene B. , Patel Anisha I. , Ritchie Lorrene D. , Gosliner Wendi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIncorporating scratch‐cooked, organic, and locally grown foods into school meal programs can enhance meal quality and support local food systems.Methods430 California school food authorities were surveyed to (1) evaluate their use of scratch‐cooked, organic, and locally grown foods in their programs; (2) identify demographic and operational characteristics related to this use; and (3) analyze the relationship between serving more of these foods and perceived barriers to student meal participation. Poisson and logistic regression models, adjusted for SFAs' demographic characteristics, were used.ResultsMost respondents reported using scratch‐cooked (82%) and locally grown foods (80%) in their school meals, with one‐third serving organic foods (34%). Receiving grants to buy local produce and having a larger enrollment of White students were associated with more frequent use of these foods. More scratch cooking was associated with higher use of organic and locally grown foods and fewer perceptions of student nonparticipation due to concerns over meal healthfulness, taste, and freshness. More frequent use of organic and locally grown foods was also associated with fewer perceptions of student nonparticipation due to concerns about meal healthfulness.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the potential benefits of integrating more scratch‐cooked, organic, and/or locally grown foods into school meals.
Deliberation and Voting: A Matter of Truth or Taste
Authors: Odora Masayuki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines the strategic communication that occurs before voting under various voting rules. A group of imperfectly informed voters communicate before casting their votes in binary elections. The voters have partially conflicting interests: there is a correct candidate in some states of the world, while in others, voters disagree, and ideologies matter. This study demonstrates that truthful communication is never an equilibrium under any voting rule when the size of the electorate is sufficiently large.
Little Lies, Sweet Little Lies: Motivations for Municipal Financial Statement Misclassification
Authors: Fiorillo Fabio , Quaresima Federico 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper aims at shedding light on the plausible motivations for misclassification of a public accounting report. This issue has not been studied by scholars as much as misreporting. We will analyze misclassification errors which occurred in Italy from 2008 to 2010. In 2008, the municipal tax on main houses (Imposta comunale sugli immobili, ICI) was substituted with an intergovernmental grant of an equal amount. About 38% of municipalities did not register the compensatory grants in the correct budget line. Our analysis suggests that misclassification errors respond to a willingness to reduce external stakeholders' pressure on local governments decisions.
Hydrologic and Landscape Drivers of Seepage Lake ANC Status in Northern Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Rose Lucy A. , Serediak Nancy , Kolka Randall K. , Wickman Trent R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn some seepage lakes, acid neutralising capacity (ANC) is regulated by precipitation chemistry and in‐lake biogeochemical processes with little influence from groundwater and catchment runoff. However, additional environmental contexts, for example, landscape position and changing precipitation dynamics, may also contribute to variability in ANC across lakes over time. We used a mixed effects model to assess the influence of changing precipitation patterns and the chemistry of hydrologic inputs on ANC in seven northern Wisconsin, USA seepage lakes from 1984 to 2018. We observed differential ANC responses across lakes to the concomitant changes in precipitation acidity and post‐drought oxidative acidity pulses from adjacent wetland soils. Although all study lakes lie within a 4 km2 area, mean lake ANC values ranged from 32.8 ± 25.2 μeq L−1 to 71.9 ± 26.8 μeq L−1 and were inversely related to lake landscape position. Lakes with higher mean ANC also showed lower relative variability over time, suggesting that these lakes were better buffered than those with lower ANC. Mixed effects modelling explained 50% of the ANC variability across all lakes, while model explanatory power ranged from 39% to 71% when ANC was assessed within individual lakes. The range of modelled ANC accuracy highlights the complex nature of biogeochemical regulation in individual seepage lakes, despite their shared geographic setting. Our study demonstrates the utility of mixed effects modelling for repeated measures analysis, emphasising the necessity of long‐term studies to evaluate seepage lake ANC responses to changing hydrologic and biogeochemical inputs.
Benefit Finding Among Caregivers With Stroke: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jie Yue , Yi Huang Xian , Shuang Liu , Yan Liu , Yu Li , Li Chen , Rong Li 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo explore the level and influencing factors of caregivers' benefit finding in stroke patients from both the patient and caregiver perspectives. The growing number of stroke patients with physical impairments has presented significant challenges for caregivers. Benefit finding refers to the positive experience caregivers derive from their caregiving roles, which can help mitigate the adverse effects on their mental health. Although previous research has confirmed that demographic factors affect the benefit finding of caregivers of stroke patients, few studies explore the impact of uncertainty in illness, care ability, and self‐efficacy on benefit finding. Consequently, the current research on this relationship is still quite limited. Cross‐sectional study. Data were collected from 428 caregivers among stroke patients. The research tools included demographic and disease characteristics, Benefit Finding Scale, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Family Member, Family Caregiver Task Inventory, and General Self‐Efficacy Scale. The STROBE checklist was used to guide the presentation of this study. The caregivers' benefit finding among stroke patients are found to be at a medium low level. The result of multiple linear regression analysis showed that that stroke patients' self‐care ability, caregivers average monthly household income, illness complexity, managing own emotional needs, appraising supportive resources and self‐efficacy were influential factors in the benefit finding of caregivers. These factors accounted for 71.8% of benefit finding. The level of benefit finding for caregivers of stroke patients requires enhancement. Healthcare professionals could tailor interventions better to fit the unique characteristics of the target population thereby fostering a greater sense of benefit finding and supporting both the physical and mental well‐being of caregivers. The basic characteristics and benefit‐finding influence factors of the caregivers could help nurses identify caregivers who need help. If healthcare personnel can take some corresponding interventions based on the influencing factors of benefit finding, it can reduce the negative impact of caring for patients on caregivers and improve the well‐being of caregivers.
‘Paediatric Emergency Course’ for nursing continuing professional development programme evaluation: ARCS Motivational Design Model
Authors: Başer Aysel , Anil Murat 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric emergency and critical care require skilled nurses, but they often face a lack of motivation during continuing professional development. Motivation‐based, engaging activities in training programmes are essential to sustain interest and improve learning outcomes in these high‐stress environments.AimThis study aims to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a Paediatric Emergency Course (PEC) using the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) Motivational Design Model to equip nurses with the knowledge and skills needed to manage paediatric patients in emergency and critical care settings.Study DesignThe study employed a quasi‐experimental pretest/post‐test design. The PEC was conducted from 1 June to 31 December 2023, with the participation of 57 nurses working in emergency and critical care units. To evaluate the programme's effectiveness, a paired t‐test was used for pre‐test and post‐test comparisons, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors affecting course success (lecture test activities and motivational tactics).ResultsPre‐lecture assessments averaged 9.55, significantly increasing to 16.88 post‐lecture (out of 22), indicating a substantial improvement in knowledge after the lecture series (t = −20.26, df = 55, p < .001; 95% CI [−8.05, −6.60]). Similarly, pre‐course scores rose from 7.21 to 17.14 post‐course (out of 25), reflecting significant gains in overall understanding and competency (t = −20.83, df = 56, p < .001; 95% CI [−10.89, −8.97]). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a one‐unit increase in post‐lecture test scores increased the likelihood of course success by 22.5%, with an odds ratio of 1.225 (B = .203, SE = 0.092, p = .028; 95% CI [1.023, 1.468]). Additionally, motivational design significantly influenced course success, increasing the likelihood by 433.3%, with an odds ratio of 5.333 (B = 1.674, SE = 0.363, p < .001; 95% CI [3.134, 9.074]).ConclusionThe PEC continuing education programme, developed using the ARCS Motivational Design Model to support the professional development of nurses in emergency and critical care, was successfully implemented. These results suggest that both knowledge acquisition and motivational factors play a substantial role in enhancing course success among participants. Significant improvements in pre‐ and post‐test results, along with high scores on the motivational design scale, demonstrated the effectiveness of the programme.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe use of motivation‐enhancing tactics and strategies in training has led to successful outcomes, demonstrating that structured programmes designed with these methods can significantly improve the clinical competencies, expertise, decision‐making and patient safety of nurses working in paediatric emergency and critical care services in high‐pressure environments.