bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Therapy of Renal Disease in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Divers T. J. 
Published: March 2023

There are a large number of diseases that may primarily affect the kidneys of dairy cattle. 1 The majority of these cattle with renal disease will be first identified by the clinician because of gross abnormalities observed during the cow's urination, abnormal rectal examination findings involving the urinary system or clinical laboratory data suggestive of renal dysfunction. Except for renal toxicities which may involve multiple animals in a herd, the incidence of any o_ne particular renal disease is most likely to be sporadic in a bovine population. The sporadic incidence of many of these diseases may make the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic approaches more difficult than more familiar diseases of other systems. It is the intent of this presentation to provide a review and update on the causes, clinical signs, laboratory finding, methods of diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in cattle with renal disease.
Review of Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Smith Robert A. 
Published: March 2023

The paper dscusses Preconditioning (PC), which is a management system designed to immunize calves and reduce stressors prior to shipment to a stocker or feeder operation, as well as preweaning (PW), which refers to calves which are weaned and fed as in preconditioning but vaccination and treatments for parasitism are not done.
Effect of Feeding Microbial Cultures to Milk Fed Dairy Calves
Authors: Bliss E. L. , Braun R. K. , Littel R. C. 
Published: March 2023

Two trials using two different commercially available microbial culture products containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and other related organisms, were conducted to determine their effect on grain intake, weight gain, and diarrheal disease morbidity and mortality in milk fed dairy calves. There were no significant differences at the 0.05 level between the treatment or control groups for any of the parameters examined in either trial.
Fatal BVD Virus-induced Disease
Authors: Dubovi Edward J. 
Published: March 2023

Bovine virus diarrhea (BYD) virus has been recognized as a cause for an acute diarrheal disease of cattle and mucosal disease. However, the diagnosis of mucosal disease is reserved for a more chronic or wasting syndrome in which there may be extensive erosion of the oral mucosa, intermittent diarrhea, anorexia, dehydration and eventual death. Attempts to experimentally replicate these field cases of disease were uniformly unsuccessful even though viral isolates from fatal cases were used. Over the intervening years, a few pieces of the BYD virus puzzle were identified, but no clear picture emerged until very recently. I will briefly review these recent findings and indicate areas of research which are needed in order to develop effective strategies for the prevention of BYD virus-induced disease. It now appears that most fatalities associated with BYD infections alone were due to the superinfection of persistently infected animals. This common mechanism for disease production was obscured because of the widely different clinical presentations of the disease.
Role of Interleukin 2 in the Immune Response of Incoming Feeder Cattle
Authors: Blecha Frank 
Published: March 2023

Current thinking on the etiology of many production diseases suggests that the homeostatic stress responses in the animal are important contributing factors to disease susceptibility. Solutions to the problems of production diseases will be found only when a better understanding of resistance and cellular messenger mechanisms is available to modify production methods. Significantly, interleukin 2 (IL 2) has been shown to be involved in immune interferon regulation. Studies suggest that environmental and management stressors in feeder calves may lower immune reactions by altering IL 2 production or activitiy in vivo. Data from our in vitro studies indicate that cortisol at physiologically attainable concentrations lowers IL 2 production and that increasing concentrations of cortisol are correlated with both lower lymphocyte proliferative responses and lower IL 2 activity. The results of a recent experiment indicate that lymphocytes from calves injected with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), in addition to displaying lower lymphocyte proliferative responses, produce less IL 2 than salineinjected controls. These results lead us to believe that our hypothesis of stress-induced immune alterations via lymphokine regulation may be correct.
Use of Computers in Cow-Calf Herd Management
Authors: Oetzel Garrett R. , Mortimer Robert G. 
Published: March 2023

Although computers are already commonly used by bovine practitioners for dairy and beef feedlot ration formulation, little attention has been given to potential use of computers in cow-calf herd health management. Computers offer the veterinarian working in a progressive beef cow-calf herd health practice an opportunity to expand the services offered to his beef cow-calf clients and to increase his depth of involvement in cow-calf herd management. Computers are limited by the applicability of software available, accurancy of data entered, and computer operator skill. With these limitations in mind, cow-calf veterinarians may find a computer system and software a very worthwhile and enjoyable investment.
Titers for BVD, IBR, PI₃, and BRSV in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Hutchins Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Blood samples from 160 dairy animals in 15 client herds were tested for titers to Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BYD), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Parainfluenza 3 (PI3), and Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV). Sampling occurred from September through December, 1984. Data from other surveys in the same geographical area are included in the 9-18 month age group summary.
Efficacy of Monensin Fed to Cattle Inoculated with Coccidia Oocysts
Authors: Watkins L. E. , Wray M. I. , Basson R. P. , Feller D. L. , Olson R. D. , Fitzgerald P. R. , Stromberg B. E. , Davis G. W. 
Published: March 2023

Monensin has been used to prevent coccidiosis in broilers since 1971. Coccidiosis is the third most prevalent health problem of cattle, and the clinical signs which include poor performance, bloody diarrhea, and mortality are readily identifiable.Therapeutic treatment of animals when signs are clinically visible does not always ensure survival. Coccidiosis infection can damage the absorptive surface of the intestine which leads to lower rates of gain and feed efficiency by the infected animal. Therefore, it is important that intestinal damage be prevented. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prophylactic dose range of monensin which is effective against cattle coccidiosis as measured by coccidial oocyst shedding, weight gain, feed intake, clinical signs, and mortality of ruminating cattle challenged with Eimeria bovis and /or E. zuernii oocysts. One hundred thirty-nine ruminating Holstein-Friesian bull calves weighing initially an average of 150 to 188 lbs were used in four trials at three locations to determine the prophylactic effects of monensin fed at 0, 10, 20, or 30 g/ ton of air-dry feed on cattle coccidiosis. Monensin at a range of 10-30 g / ton effectively controls coccidiosis in cattle exposed to severe oocyst challenges.
Trends and Demographics Affecting Bovine Practice
Authors: Wise J. Karl 
Published: March 2023

Everyone knows that American agriculture is undergoing significant change and stress. Much of the recent change involving the financial farm crisis is well-known. Underlying these financial difficulties are declines in agriculturalexports, and perhaps more importantly, strong technological and structural forces which will cause further changes and adjustments in agriculture for years to come.
In the 30 minutes in which I have the privilege to address you this morning, I would like to briefly outline a few issues which relate directly to food animal veterinary practice.
Staph Aureus and Corynebacterium Pyogenes Mastitis in a Free Stall Dairy
Authors: Glore Reilly 
Published: March 2023

After sitting through so many mastitis lectures, one easily gets the impression that all practitioners who talk about mastitis really do is sit around doodling the time away at their desks with their nose in the latest journal until that fateful moment when the phone rings. On the other end of the line is a dairyperson in distress (vapid DAPID), calling all your expertise out to solve a mastitis problem. At that moment you mobilize, just like the SWAT team, grabbing your detco recorder, flowmeter, culture tubes and CMT paddle as you fly out the door and proceed code 3 to the scene of the crime.
In real life the scenario goes more like this. You have just finished palpating 50 or 60 head with 2 more herds to go. The office has just called on the radio and asked if you could pick up an OB on the way. They report that the calf should be ready to come out because its tail has been showing for 2 days already. As you are hurriedly washing off your boots preparing to roar off in search of "the aroma", your dairyman casually asks, "Say doc, have you got anything good for mastitis?"
Trace Mineral Nutrition and Interrelationships as Applied to Dairy Cattle
Authors: Miller W. Jack 
Published: March 2023

Some 15 trace minerals elements have been shown to be essential for animals including dairy cattle (Mills, 1985; Underwood, 1977, 1981). Deficiencies of seven have been observed under some practical condition. These are cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc. Although some of the others can be important practical problems as toxic elements, interest in them as essential nutrients is primarily academic. They are chromium, fluorine, molybdenum, nickel silicon, tin, vanadium, and arsenic.
As is true of all nutrients, every essential trace element can be harmful when fed in too great numbers.
Sampling and Testing for the Endophyte
Authors: Lacefield Garry 
Published: March 2023

Several states now have service laboratories available for endophyte testing. Variations do exist among states in specific details on sampling. Within each state one should consult the Extension service for necessary details on sampling.
The following information is restricted to the Kentucky program and is excerpted from University of Kentucky publication PPA-30 written by Dr. W. C. Nesmith and colleagues.
Veterinarians and the Dairyman's Bottomline
Authors: McCawley Hal 
Published: March 2023

The Dairyman's Bottom Line is not just "a" measurement, it is "the" measurement of the success of a dairyman. There are additional measurements, benefits, and rewards, but they are not a substitute for the Bottom Line.
The successful dairyman is surrounded by a team of successful outside professionals. These must include a veterinarian, a banker, a CPA, and a nutritionist. The input from these professionals must be heard by the owners. managers of the dairy operation, but these people should not manage or "run the dairy". The ultimate decisions must be made by the owners because they are the ones that will receive the ultimate successes and failures, the Bottom Line. We all must be aware of the current litigious tendencies surrounding agriculture, including dairying.
Enteric Pathology
Authors: Glock Robert D. 
Published: March 2023

This presentation was intended to be a series of photographs of enteric lesions. This objective was not fully achieved, partly because enteric pathology is quite variable and frequently unremarkable on gross observation. The following is an attempt to describe some opinions formed as a result of recent experience, primarily in feedyards in the southwestern United States.
Enteric Pathology may result in a variety of effects on the victim. These are frequently, but not always, observed as diarrhea and its consequences.
General Interactions of the Immune System in Relation to Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Brown L. N. 
Published: March 2023

The bovine respiratory (BRD) complex resembles a gigantic and frustratingly difficult puzzle. Those of us who wrestle with potential solutions to this complex problem often become preoccupied with its individual pieces. Possibly this is because we have yet to visualize how all these pieces fit together. Possibly this is because there is no picture on the cover of the box.
Veterinary scientists from all disciplines have contributed significantly to our joint understanding of many of the individual pieces of BRD, however, in recent years, the most exciting new findings are being reported from the field of immunology. While many other scientists have studied bits and pieces, immunologists are now beginning to suggest ways that these parts may interact and fit together.
Some Probable Interactions of the Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hypersensitivity
Authors: Brown L. N. 
Published: March 2023

We spent one whole introductory session, just looking at the cover of the puzzle box. In doing so, we attempted to draw attention to the need for balance in the immune response, in dealing with bovine respiratory stress factors, and in prevention of clinical bovine respiratory disease (BRD). We barely peaked inside the box, but did examine several puzzle pieces of general significance which we identified as some of these stresses. One of the big ones was people (us). As an example of one of the smaller, individual pieces of the BRD puzzle, we gave passing attention to Pasteurella haemolytica.
We attempted to show that health was balance, and that imbalance resulted in disease. Infection was almost incidental. And finally, the main point of that introductory discussion was an attempt to argue that imbalance upward, overreaction or hypersensitivity could be as harmful as imbalance downward, which we can call immunosuppression.
As we now draw a few more individual pieces from the puzzle box, let us also make an attempt to demonstrate how these other pieces, the common respiratory virus infections, relate back to that bigger puzzle picture.
If they are of significance as opportunistic pathogens, they create imbalance. Traditionally, we have restricted our thinking almost exclusively to downward, and have been guilty of concentrating only on immunosuppression. But today, let's go onward, and upward!
Personal Preparation for Change in Bovine Practice
Authors: Radostits O. M. 
Published: March 2023

Thank you for the invitation and honor to present a paper on how the bovine practitioner should prepare to serve the cattle industry in the 21st century which is only 12 years away.
This is my home province. I was born in Edmonton and raised on a small farm only 180 miles from here.
In this presentation I will outline what I believe is necessary for the education and preparation of the bovine practitioner based on the accomplishments of bovine practice and the cattle industry in the last 25 years and the needs of the various segments of the cattle industry today and in the future.
My theme will be that we should become professional animal health and production specialists and not just disease specialists which we have been for the last 30 years.
Principles of Implementing and Marketing Bovine Health Management Programs
Authors: Ribble Carl S. 
Published: March 2023

The serious interest now being taken by the veterinary profession in implementing and promoting health management programs is very encouraging. Theodore Levitt has suggested that there is no such thing as a growth industry, and," ...industries that assume themselves to be riding some automatic growth escalator invariably descend into stagnation. There are only companies organized and operated to create and capitalize on growth opportunities. The history of every dead and dying "growth" industry shows a self-deceiving cycle of bountiful expansion and undetected decay."1
We should not be surprised, therefore, that the "escalator" of traditional bovine medicine is moving downwards. A shrinking agricultural dollar, expanding veterinary schools, increasing competition for clients from non veterinary sources, changing market conditions, and increased costs of doing business have markedly reduced the growth potential of traditional veterinary medicine.2 This 1988 convention of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, with its emphasis on health management programs and methods of improving how we do business, is a strong indication that we are preparing to create and capitalize on growth opportunities!
Implementation of a Feedlot Medicine Program
Authors: Jim G. K. , Guichon D. T. 
Published: March 2023

The word implementation is defined as "to put into effect: to carry out."
The critical areas which must be considered in the implementation of a successful production medicine program include identification of appropriate clientele, acquisition of extensive industry knowledge, a fundamental change to the veterinary-client relationship, the establishment of a framework for program evaluation, and a well constructed action plan.
Role of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in "Garden Variety Shipping Fever"
Authors: Bennett Bill 
Published: March 2023

The title really should be followed by a question mark for two reasons:
(1) we really do not fully understand BRSV's role as a primary etiological agent; and
(2) we can only thus theorize its role in the BRD complex we call shipping fever.
Now here's the bait for you to bear with me for this rather involved presentation:■ I think we can answer BRSV's role in both atypical type and possibly in bronchiopneumonic animals.■ I think we can shed some significant insight into "early mild" and "late severe" BRSV and all types of "atypical" pneumonias, and further those animals we call honkers, glottal edema, etc.,■ I think we can initiate a different and more meaningful thought process toward our bovine patients, their defense mechanisms, challenge, and disease processes.
And we can do this easily and readily, in relation to BRSV, because they're all one and the same!
Organized Veterinary Medicine Representing the Interests of the Bovine Practitioners
Authors: Hentschl Arnold F. 
Published: March 2023

The previous speakers at this general session, "Consumer Concerns, Producer Demands, the Veterinarian's Responsibility", have provided you with a comprehensive overview of the generic subject of food safety from the view of drug use in bovines and as it applies to the bovine practitioner. It remains for me to provide you with an overview of organized veterinary medicine's role in providing for the interests of practitioners in this scenario.
For purposes of this discussion, organized veterinary medicine is defined to mean the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and all of the constituent and allied organizations which legislatively govern AVMA through actions of its House of Delegates (HoD). The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) delegate to this body is Dr. Bob Keith; alternate delegate is Dr. Harold Amstutz.
Solving the Number One Cause of Poor Reproductive Performance
Authors: Redlus Howard W. , Nelson Arden J. 
Published: March 2023

Perhaps no area of the management program frustrates both dairyman and veterinarian alike more than reproduction. Both understand the critical importance of a sound reproduction program. As veterinarians we are trained primarily to diagnose, treat and hopefully prevent infectious disease problems. In today's modern dairy climate, where every effort is made to maximize productivity and profitability, we are increasingly faced with PRODUCTION disease problems.
In this discussion, we will attempt to dramatically demonstrate the critical relationship that exists between energy status of the herd and reproductive performance. The discussion will address three areas: 1) Establish the energy-fertility relationship; 2) Identify DHIA record parameters that serve as indicators of the energy status, to both diagnose energy deficiency and predict the direction of future reproductive performance; and 3) Demonstrate the use of DHIA record analysis in correcting impaired fertility by establishing improved energy status of the herd. It is the graphic analysis of reproductive performance correlated to herd productivity that can clearly demonstrate to the dairy producer the importance of spending additional money to establish a more energy dense ration.
Remodeling Existing Facilities
Authors: Bickert William G. 
Published: March 2023

The buildings and equipment which comprise a dairy operation are there to facilitate the job of caring for the animals on the farm. Labor requirements, flow of animals and materials, pollution control, future expansion and management requirements are important considerations in design.
Planning for new construction or remodeling of these dairy facilities must be based on a sound management plan. The plan sets forth all factors related to nutrition health and growth as well as all other activities of the dairy farm operation. The buildings and equipment which comprise dairy facilities are merely tools which allow essential tasks prescribed by the management plan to be carried out on a regular basis. Haphazard planning or impulsive acquisition of buildings or equipment will only lead to facilities which impede implementation of updated management plans and hinder future development and expansion.
Providing environments that meet the needs of the animals being housed is important in design, also. While many of these needs may be obvious, the degree to which they are satisfied may vary widely. This may be due to a lack of understanding as to just what the needs of the animals are when it comes to establishing and maintaining their environment. For example, a warm barn for calves may have excessively high relative humidity due a lack of understanding of both the needs of the calves and the design and operation of the ventilation system. Or, it may result from an improper ordering of the priorities being used for design. For example, the establishment of the environment in a barn may place the needs of people and equipment ahead of the needs of the animals which are to be housed, oftentimes to the detriment of the animals.
A discussion of some of the considerations for meeting the needs of dairy animals follows.