bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal y su relación con la desnutrición en niños menores de 12 años de la parroquia San Luis – Chimborazo
Authors: Escobar Arrieta Sandra Noemí , Cando Brito Verónica Mercedes , Albuja Landi Ana Karina , Fiallos Escobar Sofía Paola , Hernández León Laura 
Published: March 2023

La parasitosis intestinal es un problema de salud que afecta aquellas zonas rurales debido a varios factores como higiene personal, saneamiento ambiental y condiciones socioeconómicas, siendo la carga parasitaria mayor en niños que en adultos. A lo cual esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis y su relación con la desnutrición en niños menores a 12 años de la parroquia de San Luis – Chimborazo, población de estudio conformada por 610 niños, donde se evidenció que el 91.48% presentaba parásitos, dentro de los relevantes fueron 30.36% de los quistes de Entamoeba coli, quistes de Entamoeba histolytica 19.02%, Iodameba bütschili 2.79%, Chilomastix mesnili 3.93%, mientras que Giardia lamblia 5.08%, del mismo modo se evidencia que el 22.30% de las muestras se encuentran poliparasitadas. Con respecto al análisis hematológico se determinó que el 12.13% presentaban valores disminuidos de hemoglobina. A lo que se concluye que no existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre la parasitosis intestinal con la desnutrición.
Eliminating hepatitis C in Australia: a novel model of hepatitis C testing and treatment for people who inject drugs at a medically supervised injecting facility
Authors: MacIsaac Michael B , Whitton Bradley , Hubble Adrian , Cogger Shelley , Penn Matthew , Weeks Anthony , Elmore Kasey , Pemberton David , Anderson Jenine , Howard Rebecca , McKeever Una , Papaluca Timothy , Hellard Margaret E , Stoove Mark , Wilson David , Pedrana Alisa , Doyle Joseph , Clark Nico , Holmes Jacinta , Thompson Alexander J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of testing and treating people who inject drugs at a supervised injecting facility for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting, participantsPeople who inject drugs who attended the Melbourne supervised injecting facility, 30 June 2018 – 30 June 2020.Main outcome measuresProportion of people tested for hepatitis C; proportions of people positive for anti‐HCV antibody and HCV RNA, and of eligible people prescribed direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment; sustained virological response twelve weeks or more after treatment completion.ResultsOf 4649 people who attended the supervised injecting facility during 2018–20, 321 were tested for hepatitis C (7%); 279 were anti‐HCV antibody‐positive (87%), of whom 143 (51%) were also HCV RNA‐positive. Sixty‐four of 321 had previously been treated for hepatitis C (20%), 21 had clinically identified cirrhosis (7%), eight had hepatitis B infections (2%), and four had human immunodeficiency virus infections (1%). In multivariate analyses, people tested for hepatitis C were more likely than untested clients to report psychiatric illness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.26–12.8), not have a fixed address (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.18–2.14), and to report significant alcohol use (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.06–2.32). The median number of injecting facility visits was larger for those tested for hepatitis C (101; interquartile range [IQR], 31–236) than for those not tested (20; IQR, 3–90). DAA treatment was prescribed for 126 of 143 HCV RNA‐positive clients (88%); 41 of 54 with complete follow‐up data were cured (76%).ConclusionsPeople who attend supervised injecting facilities can be tested and treated for hepatitis C on site. Models that provide streamlined, convenient hepatitis C care promote engagement with treatment in a group in which the prevalence of hepatitis C is high.
Choosing a simulation assessment tool:
Authors: SPINDLER HILARY , RANEY JULIA , COHEN SUSANNA , GHOSH RAKESH , DYER JESSICA , CHRISTMAS AMELIA , SIJU MANJU , SHARMA RENU , SRIVASTAVA ROHIT , DAS ARITRA , GORE ABOLI , SAH PRAMOD , SONTHALIA SUNIL , MAHAPATRA TANMAY , WALKER DILYS 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
To explore whether clinical, teamwork, and interpersonal skills of nurses could be monitored inexpensively at scale, we compared two simulation measurement tools at 160 primary health care facilities in Bihar, India. The aim was to determine if the less expensive, less resource-intensive real-time assessment tool (RTAT) could be used in place of the more expensive, more resource-intensive video coding tool.
METHODS
Embedded in a large-scale ongoing nurse mentoring program “AMANAT”, we conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the measurement tools to assess clinical performance in normal and emergency obstetrical and neonatal simulations. The RTAT consisted of a series of seven global questions related to clinical identification, management, use of evidence-based practices, communication and teamwork. We also analysed the simulations using a video coding tool, which included 80 clinical, teamwork and communication indicators. We calculated the means and standard errors for each indicator using both tools. We calculated the Cohen’s kappa coefficient to determine the level of agreement between the two tools.
RESULTS
We analysed paired data from the two tools for 222 simulations in three types of scenarios: normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries, neonatal resuscitations and post-partum haemorrhages. The mean scores on the RTAT were generally higher than those on the video coding tool. The kappa coefficients for all indicators indicated no agreement between the two tools.
CONCLUSION
RTAT performed poorly against the video coding tool to measure the clinical skills of nurses in simulated normal and complicated births at primary health care facilities in Bihar.
Knowledge of HIV Status Among Mothers Accompanying Their Infants for Immunization in Machakos, Kenya, 2014
Authors: NYAGAH LILLY M. , KIRUI ELVIS , YOUNG PETER W. , GIKUNJU JOSEPH , GITHUKU JANE , LOWTHER SARA , KIM ANDREA A. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUNDElimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is achievable through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions. For HIV-positive mothers to access PMTCT services, they must be identified through HIV testing and counseling. We sought to measure the proportion of mothers with unknown HIV status and to determine associated factors.
METHODSWe recruited into a cross-sectional study 400 mothers accompanying their infants for routine immunization at mother-child health clinic (MCH) at Machakos Hospital, Kenya, collected information on HIV testing from their antenatal records, and offered opt-out HIV testing to those with unknown HIV status.
RESULTSOverall, 304 (76.0%) mothers had unknown status at MCH, of whom 25 (8.6%) tested HIV-positive. HIV positivity was three times higher among mothers who never tested during pregnancy/delivery versus those whose last negative HIV test was >3 months prior to study enrolment (18% versus 6%). Women living more than three kilometers away from the health facility had 2.7-fold greater odds of having unknown status compared to those who lived less than three kilometers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–5.6). Married women had 3.2-fold greater odds of having unknown status as compared to those who were single (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.0). Those with education had a tenfold reduction in odds of having unknown status compared to those with none (AOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0–0.2).
CONCLUSIONInterventions are needed to improve women’s ANC attendance, uptake of HIV testing, and disclosure of HIV status during pregnancy to achieve the elimination of MTCT.
Knowledge, Practices, and Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Attending Outpatient Clinics in Meru District, Arusha Region, and Northern Tanzania
Authors: MAHANDE MICHAEL J. , ONEKO OLOLA , AMOUR CAROLINE , POLLIE MERIDITH , SMITH CHEYENNE , MBOYA INNOCENT B. , FINKEL MADELON 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Cervical cancer is most prevalent in low- and middle- income countries. Inadequate knowledge on and bad attitude towards cervical cancer preclude cervical cancer screening practices. This study aimed at determining knowledge and practices of cervical cancer screening, and its associated factors among outpatient clinics in Arusha region, more specifically in Meru district.
Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Meru district between March and April 2019. A total of 706 women aged 18-55 years who attended outpatient clinics in Meru District Hospital, and the USA River Health Centre were studied. Face-to-face interview was conducted. Multivariable log-binomial regressions model was used to analyse data, and to determine factors associated with cervical cancer screening practices. Stata version 14.0 aided the analysis of data.
Results
Majority of participants had poor knowledge on signs of and risk factors for cervical cancer. Over seventy percent (77.2%) had little knowledge on signs, and 62.8% had little knowledge on risk factors for cervical cancer. However, approximately half of participants (53%) had good knowledge on cervical cancer prevention. One-third (32.9%) of participants mentioned that they happened to screen for cervical cancer. Factors associated with cervical cancer screening included, women aged 25-34 years (PR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.37-3.25) and ≥35 years (PR=3.62, 95% CI: 2.36-5.56), having health insurance (PR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.09-1.50), and good knowledge of cervical cancer signs and prevention [(PR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.25-1.80) vs. (PR=1.30, 95%CI 1.05-1.60)].
Conclusion
Few women, a third of participants happened to screened for cervical cancer. Therefore, Knowledge-based intervention is crucial to the uptake of cervical cancer screening.
Unicentric Castleman Disease: Illustration of Its Morphologic Spectrum and Review of the Differential Diagnosis
Authors: El Hussein Siba , Evans Andrew G. , Fang Hong , Wang Wei , Medeiros L. Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Context.—
Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a dynamic entity with a wide spectrum of morphologic findings. UCD can be further subdivided into hyaline-vascular and mixed/plasmacytic variants. Hyaline-vascular UCD has both follicular and interfollicular (stromal) changes, and occasionally these lesions show a skewed representation of either the follicular or stromal compartments. Plasmacytosis is usually minimal in the hyaline-vascular variant. The mixed/plasmacytic variant of UCD is composed of sheets of plasma cells often associated with a variable number of follicles with regressive changes.

Objective.—
To illustrate the differential diagnosis of UCD, as it is quite broad and includes lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasms, stromal neoplasms such as follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and vascular neoplasms, immunoglobulin G4–related disease, infections, and other rare lesions. An additional objective is to enhance awareness of the morphologic features of UCD in excisional and in small core-needle biopsy specimens, the latter of which may inadvertently target follicle- or stroma-rich areas, causing diagnostic challenges.

Data Sources.—
In this review, we provide readers a concise illustration of the morphologic spectrum of UCD that we have encountered in our practice and a brief discussion of entities in the differential diagnosis.

Conclusions.—
UCD exhibits a broad spectrum of morphologic changes, and awareness of these morphologic variations is key to avoid misdiagnosis.
Determinants of Bank Lending Policy in the Context of Yemen
Authors: Al-Akari Saleem , Slim Chokri 
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of bank lending policy in the context of Yemen. To achieve this goal we try to study the probability of lending investment companies through a number of explanatory variables included in the multivariate model (Discriminate Analysis Model), and in the artificial intelligence model (Artificial Neural Network). To study our problem, we collected forty (40) actual cases of investment credit from eight Yemeni banks (28 agreement cases, 12 rejection cases).
The two models have showed that the variable of guarantee has a significant influence on the decision-making process of bank lending policy. Decision makers in credit are based on a process of anticipation in the future. The findings indicated that most banks considered the type of guarantee as a key element to the success of lending decision, because, the guarantee is the best way for the bank to mulch the information asymmetries and to guard against the risk of non-repayment of loans.
رؤية مقترحة لتطوير الممارسات الإدارية في الجامعات اليمنية في ضوء عهد الامام عليم لمالك الأشتر
Authors: الشامي عبدالله محمد 
Published: March 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على المبادئ الإدارية التي وردت في عهد الإمام علي لمالك الأشتر، بالإضافة
إلى الكشف عن المشكلات الناتجة عن تطبيق النظم الإدارية الغربية، حيث تم اقتراح رؤية لتطوير الممارسات الإدارية في
الجامعات اليمنية، بالاعتماد على مضامين العهد، وتتكون من مجموعة من النتائج، أهمها تنمية الموارد المالية ومواجهة
العدوان والبناء الثقافي والعمل التنموي. كما قدمت الدراسة آلية لتطبيق الرؤية، تبدأ بنشر ثقافة العهد، وتعديل التشريعات
والبناء الثقافي. كما تم وضع متطلبات لضمان نجاح الرؤية، أهمها:
- التعديلات القانونية.
- التزام القيادة العليا.
- التمويل.
La atención a menores extranjeros no acompañados víctimas de trata en España desde una perspectiva comparada
Authors: Espuny Cugat Rubén , Villacampa Estiarte Carolina 
Published: March 2023

The profile of trafficking victims in human beings has been gradually changing, with more and more children being identified as opposed to the hegemonic majority of adult women. The unprotected position in which child victims find themselves, especially in the case of foreigners who are not accompanied by their parents or legal guardians, poses a complex situation that any victim-centred approach to this criminal phenomenon is obliged to address. With the aim of contributing to the establishment of strategies to adequately identify and assist unaccompanied foreign minors who are victims of trafficking, this paper has carried out a documentary analysis of the protocols approved in this regard in Spain, as well as in five other European countries —the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Portugal— for this purpose since Directive 2011/36/EU came into force, from which to draw proposals for improvement.
El perfil de las víctimas de trata de seres humanos ha ido cambiando paulatinamente, identificándose cada vez más niños y niñas frente a la hegemónica mayoría de mujeres adultas. La posición de desprotección en la que se encuentran las víctimas menores de edad, especialmente en los casos de extranjeros que no están acompañados por sus padres o tutores legales, plantea una compleja situación que cualquier enfoque victimocéntrico de este fenómeno delictivo está obligado a abordar. Con el objetivo de contribuir a establecer estrategias para identificar y asistir adecuadamente a menores extranjeros no acompañados víctimas de trata, en este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un análisis documental de los protocolos aprobados al respecto en España, así como en otros cinco países europeos —Reino Unido, Países Bajos, Alemania, Italia y Portugal— con dicho fin desde que entrara en vigor la Directiva 2011/36/UE, de los que detraer propuestas de mejora.
CAMBIOS EN EL PROCESO DE EROSIÓN. EL PARQUE OTOMÍ –MEXICA, ESTADO DE MÉXICO (2014 Y 2018)
Authors: Reza Curiel Brenda Yazmin , Gutiérrez Cedillo Jesús Gastón , Espinosa Rodriguez Luis Miguel , Juan Pérez José Isabel 
Published: March 2023

The Otomí - Mexica Park is a protected natural area with significant impacts over the vegetation cover, causing soil erosion. This study analyzes soil retention through the Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The methodology consists of the quantification and location of the following processes: 1) Erosivity of the rain (Factor R), the data were obtained from eight meteorological stations located within the study area; 2) Erosionability of the soil (K Factor), the information was obtained from edaphological charts of the INEGI 2014 - 2018; 3) Length and slope of the terrain (Factor LS), the contour lines were represented from the topographic chart E14A-48 of the INEGI; 4) Vegetation cover (Factor C), classification, quantification and cartographic representation of the vegetal cover was carried out for the years 2014 and 2018 based on the INEGI land use charter. The results show that, in the areas with less slope length, less precipitation, less erodible soil type and greater vegetal cover, erosion is lower; on the contrary, in the areas with a greater length of slope, greater precipitation, more erodible soil type and less vegetal cover, there is a higher level of erosion.
El Parque Otomí – Mexica es un área natural protegida con importantes impactos sobre la cobertura vegetal, que causan erosión del suelo. Este estudio analiza la retención del suelo por medio de la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelos (RUSLE). La metodología consta de la cuantificación y localización de los siguientes procesos: 1) Erosividad de la lluvia (Factor R), los datos se obtuvieron de ocho estaciones meteorológicas ubicadas dentro del área de estudio; 2) Erosionabilidad del suelo (Factor K), se obtuvo la información de cartas edafológicas del INEGI 2014 – 2018; 3) Longitud y pendiente del terreno (Factor LS), se representaron las curvas de nivel a partir de la carta topográfica E14A-48 del INEGI; 4) Cobertura vegetal (Factor C) se realizó clasificación, cuantificación y representación cartográfica de las coberturas vegetales para los años 2014 y 2018 a partir de la carta de uso del suelo del INEGI. Los resultados muestran que, en las áreas con menor longitud de pendiente, menor precipitación, tipo de suelo menos erosionable y mayor cobertura vegetal, la erosión es menor; por el contrario, en las zonas con mayor longitud de pendiente, mayor precipitación, tipo de suelo más erosionable y menor cobertura vegetal, se presenta mayor nivel de erosión.
DE LAS CIUDADES TURISTIFICADAS AL ESCENARIO PANDÉMICO: LA PARADOJA DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN
Authors: Zaar Miriam-Hermi 
Published: March 2023

The implementation of neoliberal policies based on public-private collaboration and marketing strategies, has transformed many cities into consumer spaces, vital for the reproduction of capital associated with the real estate market, through which mass tourism and the gentrification process has been promoted. The objective of this text is to reflect on how this urban reconfiguration has led to important negative externalities to its citizens, and then, emphasize the changes that the mobility restrictions caused by the pandemia of the COVID-19 meant for the inhabitants of two Spanish tourist cities, Barcelona and Madrid. It also investigates possible alternatives towards more sustainable and inclusive post-covid tourism. The methodology contemplates a wide bibliographic review of the processes of gentrification and tourist and their contradictions, the search for official data on the evolution of international tourism during pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, and the elaboration of tables and graphics. Among the results, stands out an analysis of what these mobility restrictions meant for the citizens of the central neighborhoods of these cities: their prominence in public spaces, in local shops and in the real estate market, usurped in recent decades, with the processes of tourist and gentrification.
La puesta en marcha de políticas neoliberales basadas en la colaboración público-privados y estrategias de marketing, ha transformado muchas ciudades en espacios de consumo, vitales para la reproducción del capital asociado al mercado inmobiliario, a través de los que se han fomentado el turismo masivo y el proceso de gentrificación. El objetivo de este texto es reflexionar sobre como esta reconfiguración urbanística ha acarreado importantes externalidades negativas a sus ciudadanos, para a continuación, poner énfasis en los cambios que las restricciones de movilidad provocadas por la pandemia de la COVID-19 supusieron para los habitantes de dos ciudades españolas turistificadas, Barcelona y Madrid. También indaga sobre las posibles alternativas hacia un turismo post-COVID más sostenible e inclusivo. La metodología contempla una amplia revisión bibliográfica sobre los procesos de gentrificación y de turistificación y sus contradicciones, la búsqueda de datos oficiales sobre la evolución del turismo internacional durante los períodos prepandémico y pandémico, y la elaboración de cuadros y gráficos. Entre los resultados, destaca un análisis sobre lo que significaron estas restricciones de movilidad para los ciudadanos de los barrios céntricos de estas ciudades: su protagonismo en los espacios públicos, en los comercios locales y en el mercado inmobiliario, usurpado en las últimas décadas, con los procesos de turistificación y gentrificación.
Pharmacognostic Screening and Antimalaria Activity of Methanol Bark Extract of Daniellia oliveri (ROLFE) Hutch. & Dalz. [Fabaceae] Extract on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
Authors: Theodora C. Mba , Chidera Amadi , Estella Uchenna , Onyebulam Chukwuma Micheal 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Malaria parasite infection has remained a global leading cause of death and disability in which about 50% of the world population is estimated to be at risk, especially in low and middle income countries.
Aim: This research is designed to evaluate the pharmacognostic, phytochemical profile, and investigate its antimalarial activity by analysing different hematological indices of the methanolic bark extract of Daniellia oliveri, a plant belonging to the family of fabaceae.
Methods: The barks of this plants were collected, cleared, dried, pulverized and sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous using the soxhlet extractor. Acute toxicity studies (LD50) for the methanol bark extract was studied using standard method. Phytochemical and pharmacognostic screening was carried out using standard methods, its hematological analysis were investigated using standard methods. The antimalarial activity of the methanol bark extract Daniellia oliveri, was evaluated at different doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg using in-vivo models.
Results: The plant is a tall slender tree with a dark grey colour. The following extractive values were obtained petroleum ether (0.600±0.10), n-hexane (0.667±0.88), ethyl acetate (1.600±0.10), methanol (8.400±0.10) and aqueous (6.200±0.10).The methanol extract had the hightest extractive value and was found to be non-toxic at dose 5000mg/kg. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses reveals the presence of alkaloids (10.179±0.61), saponins (1.674±0.43), tannins (10.738±0.61), flavonoids (3.923±0.15), steroids (2.665±0.07), phenols (134.604±14.83), terpenoids (22.436±4.87), glycosides (14.485±0.08), reducing sugars (4.138±1.36), soluble carbohydrates but absence of cyanogenic glycosides The pharmacognostic parameters values were obtained as follows, total ash value (5.600±0.10), acid insoluble ash value (2.800±0.88), water soluble ash value (0.500±0.10), moisture content (13.933±0.12), bitterness value , foaming index (less than 100), swelling index (2.867±0.99).
Conclusion: This result has shown that the hematological analysis carried out exhibited significant improvement in PCV, RBC and Hb when administered the plant extract compared to the standard group. It exhibited significant increase in platelet and lymphocyte while reduction in neutrophil compared to the standard group. The increased hematological indices indicate a better transportation capacity of the red blood cells and this should be attributed to the antimalarial properties of the extract. Also, the white blood differential count indicates a boost in the immune system of the treated P. berghei infected mice. This study justifies the ethno-medicinal use of D. oliveri in the management of malaria.