bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of gender on presentation and outcome of renal colic
Authors: Golomb Dor , Shemesh Amit , Goldberg Hanan , Hen Eyal , Atmana Fahed , Barkai Eyal , Shalom Ben , Cooper Amir , Raz Orit 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To examine gender-related differences in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency department ED with ureteral stones. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to the ED at our institution, found to have a ureteral stone on CT. Clinical, laboratory, imaging parameters, and outcomes were collected. Results: 778 patients were admitted with ureteral stones between January 2018 and December 2020. 78% ( n = 609) were males and 22% ( n = 169) were females. The mean ages were 49.4 (SD 14.4) and 51.6 (SD 15.7) in males and females, respectively ( p = 0.08). Female patients presented with a higher body temperature ( p = 0.01), pulse rate ( p < 0.0001), nausea and vomiting ( p < 0.0001), elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) ( p = 0.002) compared to males. The prevalence of elevated serum creatinine was higher in males ( p < 0.0001). Alpha-blockers were recommended on discharge in 54.8% (334) of males, compared to only 29.6% (50) of females ( p < 0.0001). Spontaneous stone expulsion was significantly higher in males compared to females ( p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that gender does effect presentation and outcome of patients presenting with renal colic. Females were found to have elevated infectious parameters, more nausea and vomiting and a higher incidence of positive urine cultures. Males admitted to the ED were found to have significantly higher serum creatinine levels. Medical expulsive therapy (MET) with alpha-blockers was prescribed significantly less in female patients, which may have resulted in a lower spontaneous stone expulsion rate.
A Model of the Monetary Expression of Labor Time with Non-commodity Money
Authors: Lin C. 
Published: January 2023

Following the commodity-money system that prevailed at the time of his research, Marx assumed the monetary expression of labor time (MELT) to be fixed. This assumption cannot hold in the contemporary regime of non-commodity money. It is essential to resolve the question of how the MELT is determined in a system of non-commodity money. The expression is the ratio of the total paper money circulating in the economy, less all paper money advanced on constant capital, to the total number of socially necessary labor hours exerted in the economy. Expressed algebraically, m = (Mv − C)/L. This model differs from those proposed by Moseley; Saros; Rieu, Lee, and Ahn; and Foley. JEL Classification: B51, E11
Single Dose of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Versus Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate in Hospitalized Patients With Hyperkalemia
Authors: Yoo Noah , Song Yong-Bum , Dubinsky Ilya , Altshuler Jerry 
Published: January 2023

Background: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is an inorganic zirconium silicate compound that selectively exchanges potassium for hydrogen and sodium. “Once” doses of SZC (with option to redose) in patients with hyperkalemia in hospitalized settings have not been evaluated. We hypothesized that a once dose of SZC would be non-inferior to sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) in reducing serum potassium. Objective: The objective of our study is to evaluate the effect of a “once” dose of SZC when compared with SPS in reducing serum potassium levels. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients who received either a “once” dose of SZC or single or repeated doses of SPS for hyperkalemia. The primary endpoint was mean absolute reduction in the first serum potassium value at least 4 hours after administration. The secondary efficacy endpoints were the rate of additional potassium-lowering therapies and the rate of normokalemia within 48 hours. Safety endpoints were the incidence of electrolyte abnormalities, hypoglycemia, hypertension, hypotension, and colonic necrosis. Results: A total of 260 patients were included in the analysis. The mean initial serum potassium was similar between groups (5.6 ± 0.4). The absolute serum potassium reduction was −0.88 ± 0.64 mEq/L and −0.75 ± 0.65 mEq/L with SZC and SPS, respectively. The “once” regimen of SZC demonstrated non-inferiority compared with SPS ( P < 0.0001). The proportion of patients achieving normokalemia within 48 hours and the proportion of patients receiving additional potassium-lowering therapies did not differ between groups. Conclusion and Relevance: The “once” dose regimen (with redose option) of SZC was non-inferior to the “once” or repeated dosing regimen of SPS with regard to absolute potassium reduction. There were no significant differences in the rate of additional potassium-lowering therapies and the rate of normokalemia at 48 hours. The incidence of hypertension was less common among patients who received SZC.
Psychedelics for Patients With Cancer: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: White C. Michael , Weisman Nissen , Dalo Joseph 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To assess the role of psychedelics in the treatment of anxiety or depression among patients with cancer. Data Sources: PubMed search from inception to March 11, 2022, using the terms anxiety, depression, psychedelics, psilocybin, lysergic acid, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or ayahuasca. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies assessing patients with cancer receiving psychedelics for the treatment of anxiety or depression. Data Synthesis: Five unique randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were conducted. Significant reductions were found in 2 trials with 2 anxiety scales (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–State, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait) and in 1 trial with 2 additional anxiety scales (Hamilton Rating Scale–Anxiety, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety). Significant reductions were found in 2 trials in 2 depression scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression, Beck Depression Inventory) and in 1 trial with an additional depression scale (Hamilton Rating Scale–Depression). Two studies assessed for clinically relevant reductions in anxiety and depression scores, and they occurred much more commonly in psychedelic-treated patients than those given placebo. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: There is a new potential option for treating patients with anxiety and depression along with cancer, which is important given the generally lackluster benefits with traditional antidepressants. Only a few sessions may also provide benefits extending out for 6 to 12 months and possibly beyond that. However, the studies were small, had many methodological limitations, and there were increases in blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusions: Psychedelics have a unique mechanism of action that might be well suited for treating anxiety and depression associated with cancer. This offers new promise for patients who are not being sufficiently treated with current antianxiety or antidepressant medications.
Assessment of patients’ knowledge of their treatment with capecitabine at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat
Authors: Nouibi Chaimaa , Cherif Chefchaouni Ali , Bechar Hafsa , Belahcen Mohammed Jaouad , Rahali Younes 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Capecitabine is a molecule of choice in the therapeutic arsenal of anticancer drugs used in Morocco for the treatment of breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Its frequent use imposes a follow-up and a post-prescription monitoring of the treatment modalities as well as the adverse events that may occur following its administration. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of knowledge of patients in the day hospital of an oncology facility about their treatment with capecitabine. Materials and methods This is a prospective study conducted over a period of 2 months (January–February 2022) at the day hospital in the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat, and it was conducted using a questionnaire in order to evaluate patients’ knowledge about their treatment with capecitabine. Results This study involved 95 patients, 76% claimed to have ever received pharmaceutical advice on capecitabine treatment. The main indications were colorectal and breast cancer. Ninety seven percent knew the indication for capecitabine and the action of the molecule on the relevant tumor. Eighty three percent receiving capecitabine therapy reported the occurrence of side effects and hand-foot syndrome was the most reported in 31.2% of the total listed side effects. Discussion Capecitabine is an oral treatment of choice for colorectal and breast cancer in Morocco. Therapeutic education happens to be an effective tool in order to guarantee the best effectiveness and manage the possible side effects that can occur during the treatment.
A Critical View on Motor-based Interventions to Improve Motor Skill Performance in Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kleeren Lize , Hallemans Ann , Hoskens Jasmine , Klingels Katrijn , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien , Verbecque Evi 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To map the effect of motor-based interventions on motor skills in children with ADHD. Method: A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, and the SCOPUS database (last search: October 30th 2022). Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro-scale and the quality of evidence was determined with the GRADE-method. Meta-analysis was performed when at least five studies were available. Results: Thirteen studies (7 RCTs) satisfied the inclusion criteria, five of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Only one of the included studies reached the low risk of bias threshold. Comparing different motor-based interventions to any non-motor control intervention showed large motor skill improvements (SMD = 1.46; 95% CI = [1.00;1.93]; I² = 47.07%). The most effective type of motor-based intervention and the optimal treatment parameters could not be determined yet. Conclusion: Motor-based interventions in general seem to improve motor skills in children with ADHD. Additional RCTs are needed to increase current low GRADE confidence.
Lymph node metastasis in feline cutaneous low-grade mast cell tumours
Authors: Arz Raphael , Chiti Lavinia E , Krudewig Christiane , Grieco Valeria , Meier Valeria , Fejös Csilla , Stefanello Damiano , Nolff Mirja C 
Published: January 2023

Objectives This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence of nodal metastatic disease in cats affected by low-grade cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) in our study population. Methods The clinical records of two centres were retrospectively searched for cats with cutaneous MCTs that had undergone lymphadenectomy of enlarged and non-enlarged lymph nodes. All primary tumours were histologically reviewed by two experienced pathologists and graded as high- or low-grade based on the grading system for feline cutaneous MCT. We graded the lymph nodes based on the grading scheme used for canine MCTs and considered HN2 and HN3 nodes to be metastatic. The number of patients with nodal metastasis was calculated. Results We identified 17 cats with cutaneous MCT resection and concurrent lymphadenectomy. All 21 MCTs were graded as low grade and 30 nodes were removed, with 12 being considered early or overtly metastatic (HN2 or HN3, respectively). Based on nodal status, 10/17 (59%) cats were affected by nodal metastasis in our population. Conclusions and relevance In contrast to previous reports, high percentage of cats with cutaneous MCTs in which lymphadenectomy was performed were presented with metastatic lymph nodes. The clinical relevance of this finding and a potential benefit of lymphadenectomy must be determined in future studies.
Can a semiochemical deter cats from trash cans?
Authors: Menuge Fanny , Pageat Patrick , Arroub Sana , Teruel Eva , Marcet-Rius Míriam , Monneret Philippe , Cozzi Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

Objectives The interaction between free-roaming cats and humans can lead to cohabitation issues. One such issue is the nuisance caused when cats scavenge and scatter garbage, particularly in cities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a semiochemical on cat avoidance behaviour. Methods Five cats were included in the study, in a crossover design. A 10 min choice test involving two garbage cans, one sprayed with the semiochemical and the other sprayed with a control solution, was performed in a controlled setting. The parameters observed were exploration, proximity, latency to approach and first choice. Results Cats spent less time exploring (general linear mixed model [GLMM]; degrees of freedom [DF] = 1; F = 14.23; P <0.0001) and in proximity to the treated garbage can (GLMM; DF = 1; F = 13.25; P <0.0001). Additionally, although there was no significant difference in the first choice ( P = 0.5300), the latency to approach tended to be longer for the treated garbage can (frailty model; DF = 1; χ2 = 3.49; P = 0.0610). Conclusions and relevance The present study demonstrated that this semiochemical can deter cats from trash cans in a controlled setting. Further studies are needed to explore the efficiency of the semiochemical deterrent in a real-world setting to improve human–cat cohabitation.
Effectiveness of a Breast Cancer Education Screening and NavigaTion (BEST) Intervention among Hispanic Women
Authors: Molokwu Jennifer C. , Dwivedi Alok , Alomari Adam , Shokar Navkiran 
Published: January 2023

Background In the United States, breast cancer remains one of the most diagnosed cancers among females and remains the second leading cause of cancer death. In addition, breast cancer is most likely diagnosed at an advanced stage among Hispanic females in the United States due to lower mammogram utilization. Aims The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a multilevel, multicomponent community-based breast cancer screening intervention called the Breast Cancer Education Screening and NavigaTion (BEST) program. The primary outcome was the completion of a screening mammogram 4 months post-intervention. Method We used a pragmatic approach for evaluation, utilizing a quasi-experimental delayed intervention design. We recruited women from the community aged between 50 and 75, uninsured or underinsured, and overdue for screening. Results Six hundred participants were recruited (300 intervention and 300 control). Among completers, the screening rate was 97% in the intervention group and 4.4% in the control group (RR = 22.2, 95% CI: 12.5–39.7, p < .001). In multivariable analysis, age ≥ 65 (RR = 1.29, p = .047), perceived benefits (RR = 1.04, p = .026), curability (RR = 1.24, p < .001), subjective norms (RR = 1.14, p = .014), and fatalism (RR = .96, p = .004) remained significantly associated with screening outcome. Conclusion A multicomponent, bilingual, and culturally tailored intervention effectively facilitated breast cancer screening completion in an underserved population of Hispanic women. Individuals with improved screening outcomes were more likely to have higher positive beliefs. Our study has important implications regarding using multicomponent interventions in increasing breast cancer screening completion in poorly screened populations. It also highlights differences in health belief motivation for breast cancer screening completion.
De Garengeot’s hernia: A masked abdominal perforation
Authors: Wang Brian , Chander Nikita , Shorvon Philip , Al-Musawi Jasim 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: de Garengeot’s hernias occur when an inflamed appendix is encased within a femoral sac. This is a relatively rare type of femoral hernia. As a result, there are currently no guidelines for the management of these hernias. Case: We present a 90-year-old woman with a de Garengeot’s hernia complicated with strangulation and perforation. The diagnosis was made intraoperatively, and it was managed with hernia repair and an appendicectomy. There were no postoperative complications. Discussion: The presentation of de Garengeot’s hernias is non-specific. Enclosure of the bowel content within the hernia sac may mask systemic systems of disease. Rarely, septic signs or symptoms are identified on presentation. It is typically diagnosed intraoperatively, thus prompt emergency surgery should not be delayed by clinicians awaiting precise knowledge of the sac content via imaging. Prompt surgery with a single McEvedy incision enables treatment for both the appendicitis and abdominal wall defect, an appendectomy and hernia repair, respectively. In patients that present with an irreducible femoral hernia and biochemistry suggestive of an acute inflammatory process, there should be a high clinical suspicion for de Garengeot’s hernia due to the risk of perforation being masked by an anatomical encasement around the perforated bowel content.
Antimicrobial use among paediatric inpatients in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: A three-year point prevalence survey
Authors: Umeokonkwo Chukwuma D , Onah Cosmas K , Adeke Azuka S , Igwe-Okomiso Dorothy O , Umeokonkwo Adanna A , Madubueze Ugochukwu C , Dauda Saheed O , Okeke Kingsley C , Versporten Ann , Oduyebo Oyinlola O , Goossens Herman , Agu Adaoha P 
Published: January 2023

Aim Antimicrobials are among the most widely prescribed therapeutic agents among paediatric population. Irrational use of these agents increases the risk of antimicrobial resistance. We described the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial use among paediatric inpatients from 2017 to 2019. Subject and Method The study was a repeated point prevalence survey over a 3-year period using the global point prevalence standardized tools among all paediatric inpatients. The prevalence of antimicrobial use, the prescription indicators and patterns of antimicrobial use were estimated. Result Among 191 paediatric inpatients assessed, the 3-year period prevalence antimicrobial use was 85.9% (164/191) with prevalence of 80.6% in 2017, 94.6% in 2018, and 83.6% in 2019. Antimicrobial agents used ranged from one agent (20.1%) to five different agents (5.5%). Parenteral route (66.6%) was the preferred route of administration. The reason for the use of antimicrobial agents (92.6%) and the stop/review date (99.5%) were mostly well documented. Only 4.5% of the antimicrobial use were targeted. There were no antimicrobial guidelines or policy guiding the use of antimicrobial agents, except the national guideline on the treatment of malaria and tuberculosis. Ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin was the most commonly used agent across the period under review. Community-acquired infection was the commonest indication for antimicrobial use. Conclusion Our findings of high antimicrobial prevalence has raised the attention for the need to develop hospital-based antimicrobial guideline and antimicrobial stewardship program to protect the vulnerable children, their contacts and the environment from the impact of antimicrobial resistance.
Factors to consider in the safe design of intensive care units – Part 1: historical aspects and ventilation systems
Authors: Inkster Teresa , Weinbren Michael , Walker Jimmy 
Published: January 2023

Background Evidence linking the role of ventilation systems in transmission of infection to patients in intensive care units has increased in recent years. Aims This research-based commentary set out to identify the historical aspect of intensive care unit design, current problems and some potential solutions with respect to ventilation systems. Methods Databases and open source information was used to obtain data on the historical aspects and current guidance in ICU, and the authors experiences have been used to suggest potential solutions to ventilation problems in ICU. Findings The authors found a number of problems with ventilation in ICU to which there has not been a cohesive response in terms of guidance to support users and designers. The resultant void permits new projects to proceed with suboptimal and designs which place patients and staff at risk. Discussion The NHS is now at the start of major new investments in healthcare facilities in England and this together with the end of the antibiotic era mandates new guidance to address these major concerns.
Straight antegrade humeral nailing and risk of iatrogenic injury of supraspinatus tendon footprint: An MRI study
Authors: Contreras Julio J , Meissner Arturo , Valenzuela Alfonso , Liendo Rodrigo , de Marinis Rodrigo , Calvo Claudio , Soza Francisco 
Published: January 2023

Background Straight antegrade humeral nailing (SAHN) is associated with excellent clinical results in proximal humerus fractures. The optimal entry point is the top of the humeral head. However, the anatomy is variable, and the entry point can affect supraspinatus tendon footprint (SSP-F) or fracture reduction. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the SSP-F and SAHN entry point by analyzing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the humerus. Methods In total 58 MRI studies of entire humerus were reviewed. The mean age was 51.6 ± 12.4 years, with 40 female patients. The distance between the SSP-F and the SAHN insertion point (critical distance: CD), the width of the footprint, and the neck-shaft angle (NSA) were measured. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results The mean CD was 7.51 mm ± 2.81 (0–12.9 mm) with 51.7% of proximal humerus “critical type” (CD <8 mm). The CD was found to be lower in females, with no difference found with varying age (62.5% “critical type”). CD correlated with NSA (linear regression). “Critical type” correlated with female gender and NSA (logistic regression). Discussion More than half of the humerus are “critical types” as to SAHN and may, therefore, be at risk for procedure-related complications.
The Efficacy of Olfactory Training as a Treatment for Olfactory Disorders Caused by Coronavirus Disease-2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hwang Se Hwan , Kim Sung Won , Basurrah Mohammed Abdullah , Kim Do Hyun 
Published: January 2023

Background There have been reports investigating the use of olfactory training in olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19. Objective We evaluated the effect of olfactory training on the olfactory dysfunction of patients infected with COVID-19. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, the Cochrane database, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar up to May 2022. We retrieved studies that compared the extents of olfactory dysfunction before and after olfactory training. We performed a subgroup analysis by the duration of olfactory dysfunction. Results The olfactory score after olfactory training (standard mean difference [SMD] = 1.0830, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.6416; 1.5245], P < .0001, I2 = 90.4%) was higher than that before training. The olfactory dysfunction rate differed significantly (OR = 0.0232, 95% CI [0.0052; 0.1044], P < .0001, I2 = 63.1%) before and after olfactory training. On subgroup analysis, although patients with both acute (onset < 30 days prior) and chronic (onset > 30 days prior) olfactory dysfunction evidenced clinically significant improvements, training during acute dysfunction (compared to acute dysfunction) increased the olfactory score to a greater extent (SMD = 1.7779, 95% CI [1.0077; 2.5481] vs 0.6928 [0.2143; 1.1712], P = 0.0190). Moreover, as a result of subgroup analysis by dividing the included studies into2 using 2-month training period as standard, there was no statistically significant difference in the effect of the training period in the included study. Conclusion Olfactory training improved olfactory disorders caused by COVID-19. Such training was effective in both the acute and chronic phases.