bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparity in Residual Sleep Apnea After Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Fayson Shannon D. , Leis Aleda M. , Garetz Susan L. , Freed Gary L. , Kirkham Erin M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveBlack children have a higher risk of residual obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy than non‐Black children. We analyzed Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial data to better understand this disparity. We hypothesized that (1) child‐level factors, such as asthma, smoke exposure, obesity, sleep duration, and (2) socioeconomic factors, such as maternal education, maternal health, and neighborhood disadvantage, may confound, modify, or mediate the association between Black race and residual obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy.Study DesignSecondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.SettingSeven tertiary care centers.MethodsWe included two hundred and twenty‐four 5‐to‐9‐year‐olds with mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea who underwent adenotonsillectomy. The outcome was residual obstructive sleep apnea 6 months after surgery. Data were analyzed with logistic regression and mediation analysis.ResultsOf 224 included children, 54% were Black. Compared with non‐Black children, Black children had 2.7 times greater odds of residual sleep apnea (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 6.1; p = .01), adjusted for age, sex, and baseline Apnea Hypopnea Index. There was significant effect modification by obesity. Among obese children, there was no association between Black race and outcome. However, nonobese Black children were 4.9 times as likely to have residual sleep apnea than non‐Black children (95% CI: 1.2, 20.0; p < 0.01). There was no significant mediation by any of the child‐level or socioeconomic factors tested.ConclusionThere was substantial effect modification by obesity on the association between Black race and residual sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy for mild‐to‐moderate sleep apnea. Black race was associated with poorer outcome among nonobese but not obese children.
Cross‐sectional study on stigma and motivation to adhere to lifestyle modification among vulnerable populations with fatty liver disease
Authors: Medina Sheyla P. , Kim Rebecca G. , Magee Catherine , Stapper Noah , Khalili Mandana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesAdherence to lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, and alcohol cessation) for fatty liver disease (FLD) management remains challenging. The study examined stigma, barriers, and factors associated with motivation to adhere to lifestyle modification in a diverse and vulnerable population with FLD.MethodsFrom 2/19/2020 to 2/28/2022, 249 FLD patients within San Francisco safety‐net hepatology clinics were surveyed along with clinical data taken from medical records. Multivariable modeling assessed factors associated with motivation to adhere to lifestyle modification in a cross‐sectional study.ResultsMedian age was 53 years, 59% female, 59% Hispanic, 25% Asian/Pacific Islander, 9% White, and 2% Black, 79% were non‐English speakers, 64% had ≤ high school education, and 82% reported <$30,000 annual income. Common comorbidities included hyperlipidemia (47%), hypertension (42%), diabetes (39%), and heavy alcohol use (22%). Majority (78%) reported experiencing stigma, 41% reported extreme motivation, and 58% reported ≥ two barriers. When controlling for age, sex, Hispanic ethnicity, alcohol consumption, BMI, >high school (coef 1.41, 95% CI 0.34–2.48), stigma (coef 0.34, 95% CI 0.07–0.62), and depression (coef −1.52, 95% CI ‐2.79 to −0.26) were associated with motivation.ConclusionsStigma is commonly reported among FLD patients. Interventions to enhance patient education and mental health support are critical to FLD management, especially in vulnerable populations.
Modeling of the curing kinetics of acrylate photopolymers for additive manufacturing
Authors: Setter Robert , Schmölzer Stefan , Rudolph Natalie , Moukhina Elena , Wudy Katrin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNext‐generation additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as multiphoton lithography and the fusion jetting (FJ) process demonstrate increasing demands toward temperature stability and a thoroughly understood curing behavior of acrylate photopolymers. This investigation targets the utilization of different kinetic models based on experimentally determined calorimetric results of different acrylate systems. The goal is to determine a holistic model that successfully describes the simultaneous dependency of the curing behavior on the temperature and the UV intensity. Two consecutive modeling strategies are investigated: a single measurement analysis followed by a clustered measurement analysis. In both cases, models based on the Kamal–Sourour method provide superior coefficients of determination above 0.99. First conclusions were drawn toward selected kinetic parameters, such as the temperature independence of the respective reaction orders. The model was then successfully utilized for first predictions of the curing behavior, demonstrating plausible progressions of the degree of cure for not experimentally determined UV intensities.
Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle size on the dielectric properties of polypropylene‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Gao Junguo , Ju Huicheng , Yao Ziheng , Zhang Guangwei , Jiang Qiyuan , Guo Huanhuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo develop new environmentally friendly and recyclable high‐voltage cable insulation materials, the effects of the particle size of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the mechanical and electrical properties of nanocomposites were investigated based on a feasibility study of polypropylene (PP) as a high‐performance cable insulation material. The small particle size of ZnO can synergistically toughen PP with a polyolefin elastomer (POE), but the large particle size of ZnO leads to lower elongation at break. Adding ZnO nanoparticles can improve the bulk resistivity of the composites and suppress space charge injection. 0.5ZnO200 has the highest direct current and alternating current breakdown field strengths, 36.6% and 14.7% higher than PP/POE, respectively. This improvement may be due to the ability of 200 nm ZnO to introduce more deep traps. However, as the nanoparticle content rises and the particle size decreases, the agglomeration becomes more frequent, leading to the overlap of inter‐nano interfaces and reducing the modification effect of the nanoparticles. This study on the effect law of nano‐ZnO with different particle sizes on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of PP can provide a reference for developing new recyclable high‐voltage insulated cable materials.
Factors influencing students' attitudes toward bullying: A multilevel analysis from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taipei
Authors: Zhang Hong , Tang Hanwei , Zhang Mengnan , Wang Fuyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated how students' attitudes toward bullying were influenced simultaneously by personal and contextual factors in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taipei. Participants included 25,338 students (15‐year‐olds, from grade 7 to 12) and 663 schools from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taipei drawn from the Program for International Student Assessment 2018. Multilevel structural equation modeling with Bayesian estimation was conducted for data analysis. The results showed that, for personal factors, girls had stronger anti‐bullying attitudes than boys in each sample. Resilience and self‐efficacy predicted students' anti‐bullying attitudes positively and significantly in all three regions. For family contextual factors, parents' emotional support had positive effects on students' attitudes toward bullying in three regions. For school contextual factors, there was no consistent result among the three regions. School location and school belonging were positive predictors of students' anti‐bullying attitudes in Mainland China. By contrast, class size and student behavior hindering learning negatively correlated with students' anti‐bullying attitudes in Hong Kong. In Taipei, students in public schools were more likely to form anti‐bullying attitudes, and a positive association was found between the student–teacher ratio and students' attitudes toward bullying. Distinguishing the commonalities and differences in the factors influencing students' attitudes toward bullying in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taipei provides empirical evidence to understand school bullying prevention and control mechanism.
Exploration of college students' psychological problems based on online education under COVID‐19
Authors: Xu Chenwei , Wang Xi , Zou Yuntao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, many college students have been isolated at home and unable to walk into class as usual. This series of protective measures to avoid the spread of the disease may have an additional psychological impact on the lives of college students. The purpose of this study was to propose a strategy for using an intelligent online learning system based on content recommendations and electronic questionnaires in the educational domain. We invited 3000 isolated university students (47.6% male and 52.4% female) to an online trial. It proved to be effective in helping us intervene in students' psychological problems quickly, objectively, efficiently, and in real‐time. In addition, our analysis of the data collected from the intelligent online learning system showed that the degree to which college students' psychological problems were affected by isolation was closely related to students' grade level, family background, major category, and computer proficiency. The current study suggests that the mental health of college students should be well monitored during segregation. Targeted psychological counseling is more necessary for students in upper grades, low‐income families, liberal arts majors, and those with weak computer proficiency to reduce the emotional impact of segregation on students.
The upper airway microbiome in Hispanic children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Palla John , Thapa Santosh , Venkatachalam Alamelu , Runge Jessica K. , Laguna Theresa A. , Luna Ruth Ann 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHispanic people with cystic fibrosis (CF) have decreased life expectancy and earlier acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to non‐Hispanic white individuals with CF. Racial and ethnic differences in the airway microbiome of CF may contribute to known health disparity, but have not been studied. The objective was to describe differences in the upper airway microbial community in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white children with CF.MethodsThis prospective, observational cohort study of 59 Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white children with CF, ages 2−10 years old, was performed at Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) from February 2019 to January 2020. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from the cohort during clinic visit. Swab samples underwent sequencing (16S V4 rRNA), diversity analysis, and taxonomic profiling. Key demographic and clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record and the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR). Statistical analysis compared sequencing, demographic, and clinical data.ResultsWe found no significant difference in Shannon diversity or relative abundance of bacterial phyla between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic children with CF. However, a low abundant taxa‐ “uncultured bacterium” belonging to the order Saccharimonadales was significantly higher in Hispanic children (mean relative abundance = 0.13%) compared to the non‐Hispanic children (0.03%). Hispanic children had increased incidence of P. aeruginosa (p = 0.045) compared to non‐Hispanic children.ConclusionWe did not find a significant difference in the airway microbial diversity between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white children with CF. However, we found a greater relative abundance of Saccharimonadales and higher incidence of P. aeruginosa in Hispanic children with CF.
Radiological and long‐term clinical response to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis with advanced lung disease
Authors: Aalbers Bente L. , Mohamed Hoesein Firdaus A. A. , Hofland Regina W. , Bronsveld Inez , Kruijswijk Marian A. , Schotman Suzan , Slingerland Corlien W. , Panhuis Hannah , van der Ent C. Kors , Heijerman Harry G. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionA triple combination of CFTR modulators ELE/TEZ/IVA (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor, Trikafta™) has been evaluated in clinical trials for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and was approved to the European and US market. During registration and settling reimbursement in Europe, it could be requested on a compassionate use basis, for patients with advanced lung disease (ppFEV1 < 40).AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate 2 years of experience with the clinical and radiological response of ELE/TEZ/IVA in pwCF in a compassionate use setting.MethodspwCF who started ELE/TEZ/IVA in a compassionate use setting were prospectively followed with assessment of spirometry, BMI, chest CT, CFQ‐R and sweat chloride concentration (SCC) before start and after 3 months. Furthermore, spirometry, sputum cultures, and BMI were repeated after 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.ResultsEighteen patients were eligible for this evaluation, nine with F508del/F508del genotype (eight of whom were using dual CFTR modulators) and nine with F508del/minimal function mutation. After 3 months, mean change in SCC was −44.9 (p ≤ 0.001), together with significant improvement in CT (change in Brody score: −28.27 p ≤ 0.001) and CFQ‐R results (change in respiratory domain: +18.8, p = 0.002). After 24 months, ppFEV1 change was +8.89 (p = 0.002), BMI had improved by +1.53 kg/m2 (p ≤ 0.001) and exacerbation rate declined from 5.94 in 24 months before start to 1.17 (p ≤ 0.001) in the 24 months after.ConclusionpwCF with advanced lung disease experience relevant clinical benefit after 2 years of treatment with ELE/TEZ/IVA in a compassionate use setting. Structural lung damage, quality of life, exacerbation rate, and BMI improved significantly with treatment. Gain in ppFEV1 is lower compared to the phase III trials that included younger patients with moderately affected lung function.
How Different Connections in Flat FLRW Geometry Impact Energy Conditions in f(Q)$f(Q)$ Theory?
Authors: Subramaniam Ganesh , De Avik , Loo Tee‐How , Goh Yong Kheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study of the modified theory of gravity in the spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime, all the affine connections compatible with the symmetric teleparallel structure are explored; three classes of such connections exist, each involving an unknown time‐varying parameter . Assuming ordinary barotropic fluid as the matter source, the Friedmann‐like pressure and energy equations are derived. Next constraints on the parameters of two separate models, and from the traditional energy conditions are imposed. Observational values of some prominent cosmological parameters are used for this purpose, yielding an effective equation of state .
Output‐feedback fault‐tolerant tracking control for coupled 2 × 2 hyperbolic PDE systems with multiplicative sensor faults
Authors: Guo Runsheng , Qin Chenhui , Qiu Jianbin , Sun Kangkang , Wang Tong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes an output‐feedback fault‐tolerant tracking control scheme for coupled hyperbolic PDE systems with multiplicative sensor faults. In order to estimate the system states, an observer is designed by constructing four filters, which impose time delays to their input signals. For sensor fault identification problem, the gradient descent method is utilized based on a parametric model to estimate the fault parameter. With the filter‐based observer and the estimated fault parameters, a novel control strategy is proposed via backstepping design technique to achieve the tracking objective. Finally, the simulation studies are given to verify the tracking performance of the proposed fault‐tolerant tracking control scheme.
On the design considerations of solid‐state power amplifiers for satellite communications: A systems perspective
Authors: Öncü Emrah , Tutgun Rasit , Aktas Emre 
Published: May 2023

SummaryConventional solid‐state power amplifier (SSPA) design approach isolates radio frequency (RF) design from communication theory. In this paper, a unified SSPA design approach is proposed, which optimizes SSPA parameters (bias voltage and input RF signal power) to minimize total DC power consumption while satisfying received SNR constraint specified by the link budget. The effect of SSPA nonlinearity is quantified by the error vector magnitude measured at its output and the corresponding received SNR degradation is analyzed. Using the quantitative metrics for received SNR, it is possible to evaluate highly nonlinear SSPA classes such as Class‐B or deep‐Class AB, which are normally not considered in conventional SSPA design approach to be used in satellite communication applications.
A Comprehensive Review on Cu‐Catalysed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines to Imines
Authors: Purohit Mukesh , Kalla Sarita , Jangir Ritambhara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImines are frequently used as valuable intermediates in organic transformation and pharmaceutical synthesis. Conventional imine synthesis includes Lewis acid catalysts, dehydrating agents, and unstable aldehydes. Developing eco‐friendly molecular assembly techniques has become increasingly important in recent years. In particular, there is a significant need for methods that recycle resources and have high atomic efficiency with minimal environmental impact. Oxidative synthesis of imines from amines has been investigated in presence of molecular oxygen (or air) which is readily accessible on Earth. The closely linked catalysts have been classified into metals, bio‐inspired, and MOF catalysts. Highly active, affordable, and adaptable copper based catalysts are given special attention here, some critical elements that influence reaction processes and catalytic activity are also displayed in the present study. The modern methods along with mechanistic routes for converting primary amines to imines using copper catalytic systems and ambient oxygen have been discussed in detail.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Methoxylated Ether Lipids: Total Synthesis of a Triene C18 : 3 Omega‐8 MEL Derivative
Authors: Sigurjónsson Svanur , Lúthersson Einar , Haraldsson Gudmundur G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of a triene C18 : 3 n‐8 methoxylated ether lipid (MEL) of the 1‐O‐alkyl‐sn‐glycerol type is described by two different routes. The C18 : 3 hydrocarbon chain is attached by an ether linkage to the pro‐S hydroxymethyl group of the glycerol backbone, and constitutes an all‐cis methylene skipped triene framework, along with a methoxyl group in the 2’‐position and R‐configuration at the resulting chiral centre. The initial synthesis was based on the polyacetylene approach involving a semi‐hydrogenation of the resulting triyne. A modified approach based on a combined polyacetylene‐Wittig strategy was also successfully executed and an attempt made to compare and evaluate these strategies. Both syntheses were started from our previously described enantio‐ and diastereomerically pure isopropylidene‐protected glyceryl glycidyl ether, a double‐C3 building block designed as a head group synthon for synthesis of various types of MELs which was shown to suit the Wittig‐based approach very well.
Neutral Three Membered 2π Aromatic Beryllacycle having σ hole
Authors: Parambath Sneha , Parameswaran Pattiyil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe electronic structure, bonding, and reactivity of three‐membered cyclic beryllium compounds BeR (R=C2H2 (1), C2(CH3)2 (2)) were studied at the M06/def2‐TZVPP//BP86/def2‐TZVPP level of theory. The molecular orbital analysis shows that BeR is a 2π electron aromatic system with a σ‐hole on the beryllium atom. EDA‐NOCV analysis has been carried out with Be and R in their different electronic state as fragments at the BP86/TZ2P level of theory. The results reveal the preference for three bonding situations, (a) charge‐separated interaction where anionic acetylenic fragment R− forms one electron sharing and one donor‐acceptor σ‐interaction and one donor‐acceptor π interaction with Be+ having 2s02px02py12pz0 electronic configuration (A), (b) charge separated interaction where anionic acetylenic fragment R− forms one electron sharing and one donor‐acceptor σ‐interaction and one donor‐acceptor π interaction with Be+ having 2s12px02py02pz0 electronic configuration (B), and (c) neutral acetylenic fragment forms two electron sharing σ bonds and one donor‐acceptor π bond with beryllium having 2s12px02py12pz0 electronic configuration (C). BeR compounds show high proton affinity and hydride affinity. The reactivity was studied in detail with different ligands CO, NHC, cAAC, and PMe3. The reaction energy for the formation of adducts is exothermic and follows the order of cAAC>NHC>PMe3>CO.
Reactivity Patterns of Olefins in the Matsuda‐Heck‐Reaction and their Impact on the Formation of Pd‐Nanoparticles
Authors: Matelienė (née Daukšaitė) Lauryna , Gu Xiaoting , Heyde (née Lucks) Sandra , Knaup Jan , Brunner Heiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA detailled study of the impact of stereoelectronic effects of olefins in the Matsuda‐Heck‐reaction was addressed by kinetic studies. In addition to the stereoelectronic effects of the olefins used, their influence on the formation of the catalytic Pd colloids was also investigated. Depending on the olefin used, different particle size distributions were obtained on the one hand and, on the other hand, inhibition effects due to adsorption of the olefins on the Pd colloids were observed. Based on these findings, it was possible to optimize reaction conditions for the respective olefins. The presented kinetic data were supplemented by STEM‐measurements.
Writing about a stressful experience improves semantic clustering of memory in men, not women
Authors: Hunter Colton L. , Gray Zach J. , Trudell Elleona V. , Kennedy Luca D. , Shields Grant S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWriting about negative experiences can produce multiple benefits, including improvements in mental and emotional health. However, writing about negative experiences potentially be detrimental, as reliving and reexperiencing a negative memory can be painful. Although the emotional effects of writing about negative experiences are well established, the cognitive effects are less heavily explored, and no work to date has examined how writing about a stressful experience might influence episodic memory. We addressed this issue in the present study (N = 520) by having participants encode a list of 16 words that were organised around four semantic clusters, randomly assigning participants to write about an unresolved stressful experience (n = 263) or the events of the previous day (n = 257), and assessing their memory in a free recall task. Writing about a stressful experience did not influence overall memory performance; however, the stressful writing manipulation increased semantic clustering of information within memory for men, whereas the stressful writing manipulation did not influence semantic clustering of information within memory in women. Additionally, writing with more positive sentiment improved semantic clustering and reduced serial recall. These results provide evidence for unique sex differences in writing about stressful experiences and the role of sentiment in the effects of expressive writing.