bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 entry into and evolution within a skilled nursing facility
Authors: Sexton Nicole R. , Cline Parker J. , Gallichotte Emily N. , Fitzmeyer Emily , Young Michael C. , Janich Ashley J. , Pabilonia Kristy L. , Ehrhart Nicole , Ebel Gregory D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family Coronaviridae which includes multiple human pathogens that have an outsized impact on aging populations. As a novel human pathogen, SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing continuous adaptation to this new host species and there is evidence of this throughout the scientific and public literature. However, most investigations of SARS-CoV-2 evolution have focused on large-scale collections of data across diverse populations and/or living environments. Here we investigate SARS-CoV-2 evolution in epidemiologically linked individuals within a single outbreak at a skilled nursing facility beginning with initial introduction of the pathogen. The data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced to the facility multiple times without establishing an interfacility transmission chain, followed by a single introduction that infected many individuals within a week. This large-scale introduction by a single genotype then persisted in the facility. SARS-CoV-2 sequences were investigated at both the consensus and intra-host variation levels. Understanding the variability in SARS-CoV-2 during transmission chains will assist in understanding the spread of this disease and can ultimately inform best practices for mitigation strategies.
Using cardiovascular risk indices to predict mortality in Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a cross sectional study
Authors: Rief Martin , Eichinger Michael , West David , Klivinyi Christoph , Bornemann-Cimenti Helmar , Zajic Paul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCovid-19 patients who require admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) have a higher risk of mortality. Several risk factors for severe Covid-19 infection have been identified, including cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the association between cardiovascular (CV) risk and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality of Covid-19 ARDS patients admitted to an ICU. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital in Graz, Austria. Covid-19 patients who were admitted to an ICU with a paO2/fiO2 ratio < 300 were included in this study. Standard lipid profile was measured at ICU admission to determine CV risk. 31 patients with a mean age of 68 years were recruited, CV risk was stratified using Framingham-, Procam- and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score. A total of 10 (32.3%) patients died within 30 days, 8 patients (25.8%) suffered from MACE during ICU stay. CV risk represented by Framingham-, Procam- or CCI score was not associated with higher rates of MACE. Nevertheless, higher CV risk represented by Procam score was significantly associated with 30- day mortality (13.1 vs. 6.8, p = 0.034). These findings suggest that the Procam score might be useful to estimate the prognosis of Covid-19 ARDS patients.
Main drivers of Indian Ocean Dipole asymmetry revealed by a simple IOD model
Authors: An Soon-Il , Park Hyo-Jin , Kim Soong-Ki , Cai Wenju , Santoso Agus , Kim Daehyun , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIndian Ocean Dipole phenomenon (IOD) refers to a dominant zonal contrast pattern of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) over tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) on interannual time scales. Its positive phase, characterized by anomalously warm western TIO and anomalously cold southeastern TIO, is usually stronger than its negative phase, namely a positively skewed IOD. Here, we investigate causes for the IOD asymmetry using a prototype IOD model, of which physical processes include both linear and nonlinear feedback processes, El Nino’s asymmetric impact, and a state-dependent noise. Parameters for the model were empirically obtained using various reanalysis SST data sets. The results reveal that the leading cause of IOD asymmetry without accounting seasonality is a local nonlinear process, and secondly the state-dependent noise, the direct effect by the positively skewed ENSO and its nonlinear teleconnection; the latter two have almost equal contribution. However, the contributions by each process are season dependent. For boreal summer, both local nonlinear feedback process and the state-dependent noise are major drivers of IOD asymmetry with negligible contribution from ENSO. The ENSO impacts become important in boreal fall, along with the other two processes.
Improved RNA stability estimation indicates that transcriptional interference is frequent in diverse bacteria
Authors: Wanney Walja C. , Youssar Loubna , Kostova Gergana , Georg Jens 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe used stochastic simulations and experimental data from E. coli, K. aerogenes, Synechococcus PCC 7002 and Synechocystis PCC 6803 to provide evidence that transcriptional interference via the collision mechanism is likely a prevalent mechanism for bacterial gene regulation. Rifampicin time-series data can be used to globally monitor and quantify collision between sense and antisense transcription-complexes. Our findings also highlight that transcriptional events, such as differential RNA decay, partial termination, and internal transcriptional start sites often deviate from gene annotations. Consequently, within a single gene annotation, there exist transcript segments with varying half-lives and transcriptional properties. To address these complexities, we introduce ‘rifi’, an R-package that analyzes transcriptomic data from rifampicin time series. ‘rifi’ employs a dynamic programming-based segmentation approach to identify individual transcripts, enabling accurate assessment of RNA stability and detection of diverse transcriptional events.
The cerebellum contributes to generalized seizures by altering activity in the ventral posteromedial nucleus
Authors: Beckinghausen Jaclyn , Ortiz-Guzman Joshua , Lin Tao , Bachman Benjamin , Salazar Leon Luis E. , Liu Yu , Heck Detlef H. , Arenkiel Benjamin R. , Sillitoe Roy V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThalamo-cortical networks are central to seizures, yet it is unclear how these circuits initiate seizures. We test whether a facial region of the thalamus, the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM), is a source of generalized, convulsive motor seizures and if convergent VPM input drives the behavior. To address this question, we devise an in vivo optogenetic mouse model to elicit convulsive motor seizures by driving these inputs and perform single-unit recordings during awake, convulsive seizures to define the local activity of thalamic neurons before, during, and after seizure onset. We find dynamic activity with biphasic properties, raising the possibility that heterogenous activity promotes seizures. Virus tracing identifies cerebellar and cerebral cortical afferents as robust contributors to the seizures. Of these inputs, only microinfusion of lidocaine into the cerebellar nuclei blocks seizure initiation. Our data reveal the VPM as a source of generalized convulsive seizures, with cerebellar input providing critical signals.
Inelastic electron scattering at a single-beam structured light wave
Authors: Ebel Sven , Talebi Nahid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn free space, electrons undergo inelastic scattering in the presence of ponderomotive potentials generated by light pulses and standing light waves. The resulting modulated electron energy spectrum can exhibit the formation of discrete energy sidebands when multiple light beams are employed. Here, we demonstrate the inelastic scattering of slow-electron wavepackets at a propagating Hermite-Gaussian light beam. The pulsed Hermite-Gaussian beam thus forms a ponderomotive potential for the electron with sufficient momentum components, leading to the inelastic scattering and subsequent formation of discrete energy sidebands. We show that the resulting energy-gain spectra after the interaction are strongly influenced by the self-interference of the electrons in this ponderomotive potential. This effect is observable across various wavelengths, and the energy modulation can be controlled by varying the electron velocity and light intensity. By utilizing the vast landscape of structured electromagnetic fields, this effect introduces an additional platform for manipulating electron wavepackets.
Cosmic-ray electrons and the magnetic field of the North Polar Spur
Authors: Mou Guobin , Wu Jianhao , Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2023

Aims. The recent confirmation of the bipolarity of the eROSITA bubbles suggests that the well-known North Polar Spur (NPS)/Loop I probably is a 10 kpc sized relic in the Galactic halo and not a small local structure near the Sun. By virtue of multiwavelength observations of the NPS, unprecedentedly precise parameter constraints on the cosmic-ray electrons (CRes) and magnetic field in the post-shock halo medium can be provided.
Methods. The parameters of the CRes and the magnetic field can be derived independently by modeling the gamma-ray and the radio data of the NPS via inverse Compton scattering and synchrotron emission, respectively.
Results. Our main results are (1) that the energy density of the CRe is (3–6)×10−14 erg cm−3, and the spectral index below the cooling break energy of about 5 GeV is p ≃ 2.0 ± 0.1; (2) that the magnetic field strength is 3 μG; and (3) that the shock acceleration efficiency of the CRe is (1–2)%. Given the Mach number of 1.5, the high acceleration efficiency and flat spectrum of the CRe suggest that preexisting relativistic electrons may be reaccelerated in the NPS. Alternatively, these CRes could be accelerated by an evolving shock in the early epoch when the Mach number is high, and efficiently diffuse throughout the post-shock halo gas. In addition, the cooling break energy suggests that the cooling timescale is 107 yr, which agrees with the age of the eROSITA bubbles.
Mass-loss and composition of wind ejecta in type I X-ray bursts
Authors: Herrera Y. , Sala G. , José J. 
Published: July 2023

Context. X-Ray bursts (XRBs) are powerful thermonuclear events on the surface of accreting neutron stars (NSs) where nucleosynthesis of intermediate-mass elements occurs. The high surface gravity of an NS prevents the ejection of material by the XRB thermonuclear explosion. However, the predicted and observed XRB luminosities sometimes exceed Eddington’s value, and some of the material may escape by means of stellar wind.
Aims. This work aims to determine the mass-loss and chemical composition of the material ejected through radiation-driven winds and its significance for Galactic abundances. It also reports on the evolution of observational quantities during the wind phase, which can help constrain the mass-radius relation in NSs.
Methods. A non-relativistic radiative wind model was implemented, with modern opacity tables and treatment of the critical point, and linked through a new technique to a series of XRB hydrodynamic simulations that include over 300 isotopes. This allowed us to construct a quasi-stationary time evolution of the wind during the XRB.
Results. In the models we studied, the total mass ejected by the wind was about 6 × 1019 g; the average ejected mass per burst represented 2.6% of the accreted mass between bursts, with 0.1% of the envelope mass ejected per burst; and approximately 90% of the ejecta was composed by 60Ni, 64Zn, 68Ge, and 58Ni. The ejected material also contained a small fraction (10−4 − 10−5) of some light p-nuclei, but not enough to account for their Galactic abundances. Additionally, the observable magnitudes during the wind phase showed remarkable correlations, partly due to the fact that photospheric luminosity stays close to the Eddington limit. Some of these correlations involve wind parameters, such as energy and mass outflows, that are determined by the conditions at the base of the wind envelope.
Conclusions. The simulations resulted in the first realistic quantification of mass-loss for each isotope synthesized in the XRB. The photospheric correlations we found could be used to link observable magnitudes to the physics of the innermost parts of the envelope, close to its interface with the NS crust. This is a promising result regarding the issue of NS radius determination.
Rotational radial shear in the low solar photosphere
Authors: Faurobert M. , Corbard T. , Gelly B. , Douet R. , Laforgue D. 
Published: July 2023

Context.Radial differential rotation is an important physical ingredient in stellar dynamo theory. In the case of the Sun, heliosismology techniques have revealed the existence of a near-surface shear layer covering 15–20% of the upper convection zone. It was recently shown that the rotation velocity gradient is not uniform in this layer and that it displays a steep increase in a shallow layer near the surface.Aims.We report the detection of a rotation velocity depth-gradient in the low photosphere that is not accessible to heliosismology techniques.Methods.We applied differential interferometric methods to spectroscopic data obtained with the solar telescope THEMIS, which is equipped with an efficient adaptative optics system. The detection was based on the measurement of a systematic east-west shift between images of the solar granulation at different depths in the FeI 630.15 nm at the center of the solar disk. The same technique was applied to obtain the depth-difference between the images from their perspective shift when they are observed away from the disk center. Both THEMIS and HINODE/SOT data were used for the height-difference measurement, giving similar results.Results.At the center of the solar disk, we measured a systematic retrograde shift of the photospheric granular structures on the east-west axis and with no shift in the north-south direction. The retrograde shift increases linearly with height. We interpret these findings as a signature of a steep decrease in the angular velocity in the low photosphere.Conclusions.The rotational radial shear in the low solar photosphere is likely related to the dynamics of the subsurface shear layer. Its measurement yields a valuable constraint on the numerical simulations of the solar upper convection zone.
Irregular migration is skilled migration: reimagining skill in EU’s migration policies
Authors: Purkayastha Damini , Bircan Tuba , Yar Ahmad Wali Ahmad , Ceylan Duha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIrregular migration, the movement of people outside legal regulations, is largely viewed either as a security threat or a moral, humanitarian impetus to help the vulnerable. The lack of data on irregular migration obscures the contribution of migrants without legal residence in the farms and factories of Europe. It also makes invisible their skill levels and labour market potential. A growing body of literature that centres coloniality and racism in contemporary migration policies informs our study on how the category of skill is instrumentalised as an othering tool. Through the lived experiences of 34 non-European migrants who arrived in Belgium through irregular routes, we examine skilled migration and irregular migration as modalities of inclusion and exclusion. What we find is a high degree of heterogeneity of skills among irregular migrants in terms of education levels and aspirations. Skills are dynamic and responsive to migration trajectories as individuals acquire a whole gamut of proficiencies while on the move. At the same time, individuals face a high degree of deskilling when forced into legal limbo, especially those living in camps without pathways to legalisation. Experiences also highlight how the construct of illegality and irregularity leaves migrants vulnerable to labour market exploitation and negative social discourses. The core of our contribution lies in challenging the assumptions of rigid migration categories and their role in reproducing global inequalities and racial hierarchies.
Consensus on community guidelines: an experimental study on the legitimacy of content removal in social media
Authors: Aguerri Jesús C. , Miró-Llinares Fernando , Gómez-Bellvís Ana B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe popularization of social media has led to a considerable increase in the importance of discursive expressions of violence, especially when directed at vulnerable communities. While social media platforms have created rules to regulate such expressions, little information is available on the perception of the legitimacy of these rules in the general population, regardless of the importance of the former for the latter. It is therefore the objective of this study to analyze the perception of the seriousness of such content and the degree to which the population has established a consensus on the withdrawal of restricted discursive behaviour on three major social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram and Twitter). For this purpose, 918 participants were immersed in an experimental paradigm in three different groups (n1 = 302; n2 = 301; n3 = 315). Each was presented with stimuli containing discursive behaviour that is banned by community guidelines. The stimuli were presented differently to each group (i.e., description of the banned behaviour, description and accompanying example, example only). Our experimental data reveals that the degree of consensus on the need to remove content is quite high, regardless of the style of presentation. It furthermore suggests that the behaviour in question is perceived as very serious, due to the harm that our participants presume it to cause. These results have important implications for the debate on freedom of expression on the Internet and its regulation by private actors.
Otherness and suspiciousness: a comparative study of public opinions between the Confucius Institute and Goethe-Institut in developing countries
Authors: Huang Ming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine the differences in lexical priming features between Confucius Institutes and Goethe-Instituts in developing countries using lexical priming theory and natural language processing techniques. By collecting news media coverage from 2014 to 2023, this study analyses the corpus through collocation, colligation, semantic association, and semantic prosody. In this study, it was found that the Goethe-Institut has a more stable institutional identity, while the Confucius Institute is still largely recognized for language teaching and cultural dissemination activities. The association of the Confucius Institute with China and its government creates a stronger sense of "otherness" and leads to negative perceptions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of public perception and institutional image in developing countries.
Study on the (2+1)-dimensional extension of Hietarinta equation: soliton solutions and Bäcklund transformation
Authors: Gao Di , Lü Xing , Peng Ming-Shu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The (1+1)-dimensional bilinear Hietarinta equation was firstly proposed when searching for integrable nonlinear evolution equations by the three-soliton method. In this paper, we focus on the (2+1)-dimensional extension of Hietarinta equation, which enjoys potential application in environmental engineering. Based on the bilinear form, one-soliotn and two-soliton solutions are derived. Bilinear Bäcklund transformation and Bell-polynomial-typed Bäcklund transformation are derived through the Hirota bilinear method and Bell polynomials, respectively. The three-dimensional plots of soliton solutions have been given by selecting appropriate parameters.
Impacts of recycling impurity on the background ELM behavior during repetitive radiative divertor experiments in EAST
Authors: Yang Q.Q. , Lin X. , Xu G.S. , Zhang L. , Zhang W.M. , Ye Y. , Li K.D. , Wu D.G. , Zang Q. , Chen Y.J. , Zhong X.M. , Wang Y.F. , Meng L.Y. , Wang Y.M. , Li Y.Y. , Duan Y.M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A significant change in the background ELM behavior prior to neon (Ne) seeding has been observed in a series of repetitive radiative divertor experiments in EAST. With similar operational parameters, the ELM behavior before Ne seeding changes from large to mixed ELMs, and finally evolves to pure small ELMs. Meanwhile, a significant increase in both Ne and high-Z impurity (W and Mo) emissions has been observed in the bulk plasma, suggesting the retention and recycling of Ne impurity from the wall surface. Experimental results show that the variation in background ELM behavior is highly correlated with the occurrence of high-Z impurity accumulation. The increased accumulation of high-Z impurities leads to a lower electron temperature both in the plasma core and edge, accompanied by a higher and more peaked electron density in the plasma core. Pedestal linear stability analysis reveals that the decreased pedestal electron temperature and thus the lower pressure gradient and lower edge current density are the primary reason for the change of background ELM behavior. The concentration of recycling Ne in the bulk plasma is estimated to be ∼1% in the discharges with pure small ELMs.
Analysis of Load and Deflection Curves on Reinforced Styro-Con Beams
Authors: Sariman Syahrul , Yuniarto Eka , Yusuf Andi Rumpang , Pertiwi Nurlita 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lightweight concrete technology develops along with construction needs. Styrofoam is an alternative ingredient that can be used in a mixture of concrete to produce lightweight concrete. Experimental research to see the performance of lightweight concrete with the addition of styrofoam. This study uses two types of samples, namely concrete cylinders and beams. The compressive strength and deflection tests were carried out on four types of concrete with various styrofoam mixtures. The results showed that the styro-con performed equivalent to regular concrete based on deflection and strength.
Mechanical Properties of Brick Using Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Panennungi T. , Rauf Bakhrani A. , Adam Asmah , Ahmad Irma Aswani , Sampebua Onesimus 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rice husk waste is very much produced because Indonesia is an agricultural country. This waste is freely burned around the factory and produces ash. This study used rice husk ash as an additive in bricks. This research aims to describe: (1) the compressive strength of brick with various percentages of RHA (0% - 15%), (2) the water absorption of brick with various percentages of RHA (0% - 15%), and (3) quality level of compressive strength and water absorption based on Indonesian Standard SNI 15-2094-2000. The methods are: (1) preparation of clay and rice husk ash, (2) produce brick with different percentages of RHA, (3) Drying with direct sunlight and furnacing with rice husk on an industrial site, (4) examining compressive strength and water absorption, and(5) analyzing data to find out compressive strength and water absorption, and quality of brick. The results showed that the use of RHA added to bricks caused a decrease in compressive strength. Meanwhile, the water absorption value of the bricks increases significantly. The RHA brick did not meet the requirements based on the compressive strength. However, according to water absorption, 5% RHA and 10% RHA meet the requirements.