bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling penetration testing with reinforcement learning using capture‐the‐flag challenges: Trade‐offs between model‐free learning and a priori knowledge
Authors: Zennaro Fabio Massimo , Erdődi László 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPenetration testing is a security exercise aimed at assessing the security of a system by simulating attacks against it. So far, penetration testing has been carried out mainly by trained human attackers and its success critically depended on the available expertise. Automating this practice constitutes a non‐trivial problem because of the range and complexity of actions that a human expert may attempt. The authors focus their attention on simplified penetration testing problems expressed in the form of capture the flag hacking challenges, and analyse how model‐free reinforcement learning algorithms may help solving them. In modelling these capture the flag competitions as reinforcement learning problems the authors highlight the specific challenges that characterize penetration testing. The authors show how this challenge may be eased by relying on different forms of prior knowledge that may be provided to the agent. Since complexity scales exponentially as soon as the set of states and actions for the reinforcement learning agent is extended, the need to restrict the exploration space by using techniques to inject a priori knowledge is highlighted, thus making it possible to achieve solutions more efficiently.
Multi‐hop teleportation of arbitrary multi‐qudit states based on d‐level GHZ channels
Authors: Ding Yi , Jiang Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe combination of quantum communication technology and wireless networks brings a flexible and secure communication method that adapts to a more complex and open network environment. A new multi‐hop teleportation scheme is investigated for transferring arbitrary unknown multi‐qudit states between two distant parties. Based on a more general quantum routing protocol, intermediate nodes are introduced and linked with each other via d‐level entangled Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger states as quantum channels. In this multi‐hop teleportation protocol, the source node and all the intermediate nodes can perform the entanglement measurement and transmit the measurement results simultaneously, thus reducing the time consumption largely. Furthermore, a general matrix formula is derived between the measurement results and the receiver's state, which enables the receiver to restore the unknown state efficiently. Compared with previous multi‐hop teleportation protocols, the teleportation protocol of arbitrary unknown multi‐qudit states of the authors can transfer more information, and it demonstrates lower computational complexity and higher flexibility.
In the transmission of the 1.4 drawbar category mobile power vehicle on the performance indicators of machine and tractor units
Authors: Kravchenko Vladimir , Kravchenko Lyudmila 
Published: January 2023

The aim of the work is to scientifically substantiate a way to improve the technical, economic and agrotechnological performance indicators of machine-tractor units, compiled on the basis of traction power equipment of category 1.4, the main technological operations in the cultivation of various crops by reducing the level of dynamic processes in their connections.
It is established that the elastic damping mechanism with nonlinear characteristics and optimal parameters installed in front of the drive shaft of the power transmission of a traction power tool of category 1.4 provides favorable conditions for the functioning of all links of machine-tractor units for agricultural purposes, with them the main technological operations are performed, which contributes to the improvement of its technical, economic and agrotechnological indicators.
The installation of an elastic-damping mechanism with nonlinear characteristics and optimal parameters in front of the drive shaft of the tractor traction category 1.4 provides an increase in productivity by more than 8% while reducing specific fuel consumption by 9% or more, as well as improving the quality performance of machine-tractor units when they perform basic technological operations.
Core cleaning and wettability restoration – selecting appropriate method
Authors: Farokhpoor Raheleh , Sundal Lars , Skjærstein Anne , Hebing Albert , Zhang Xiangmin , Pirlea Lucian 
Published: January 2023

The core cleaning approaches aim to remove native crude oil, mud filtrates and evaporated salts which leads to strongly water-wet cores. In the standard core cleaning method, the solvent(s) injection continues until no more oil is observed in effluent. This is generally confirmed by visual examination, rather than by analyzing the composition of effluent, simply because it is expensive.
In this work, we selected two preserved rock sections from an oil reservoir in North Sea. 1.5-inch diameter core plugs were cleaned by two different flush cleaning programs (so-called Program-1 and 2). In Program-1, samples were flushed first with 75% toluene + 25% methanol and then followed by alternate of toluene-chloroform-methanol until the samples were deemed cleaned from visual examination. In Program-2, samples were flushed by alternating toluene-tetrahydrofuran-chloroform for 8 cycles. Oil effluents from Program-2 were collected for composition GC analyses.
The efficiencies of two flush cleaning programs were compared by measuring the wettability of the samples by combined Amott-USBM wettability method. The USBM index shows samples after cleaning program-2 are more water wet. Samples were then aged in crude oil at reservoir conditions for 4 weeks. Drainage and imbibition capillary pressure using centrifuge and porous plate and the end-point liquid permeabilities were then measured on restored samples. End-point properties after aging process, showed wettability being restored to intermediate water-wet as is expected from field production history.
This study shows that standard cleaning does not fully clean these samples. Meanwhile, the elaborate Program-2 is often impractical, takes too long, is expensive and limited by laboratory capacity.
Immunhistochemisches und molekulargenetisches Profil von Mantelzelllymphomen der Glandula lacrimalis: eine detaillierte Beschreibung einer seltenen Tumorentität der
Tränendrüse
Authors: Mautone Luca , Dierlamm Judith , Heinrich Marie-Christine , Viehweger Florian , Schäfer Hansjörg , Schüttauf Frank , Green Sylvia , Dulz Simon 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Mantelzelllymphom (MCL) stellt eine seltene Subklasse der Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome dar.
Ziel Darstellung des immunhistochemischen und molekulargenetischen Profils von 3 verschiedenen Fällen dieses seltenen Krankheitsbildes der Glandula lacrimalis (GL).
Material und Methoden Monozentrische, retrospektive Fallserie von Patienten mit histopathologisch gesichertem MCL der GL.
Ergebnisse Es werden 3 Fälle präsentiert: MCL mit isoliertem Befall der GL, MCL der GL als erstes Zeichen der systemischen Beteiligung und als Erstsymptom eines systemischen
MCL-Rezidivs. Alle Patienten wiesen folgenden Immunphänotyp auf: CD19- und CD20-positiv sowie CD10- und CD23-negativ. Nur ein MCL zeigte sich CD5-negativ. Die Überexpression von Cyclin D1
als Konsequenz des pathologischen Karyotyps mit Translokation t(11;14) (q13;q32) in der Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung wurde bei allen Patienten beobachtet. Ähnlich zeigten alle Fälle
die erhöhte Expression von B-Zell-Lymphom-Protein 2 (BCL-2) sowie SRY-Box-transkribierendem Faktor 11 (SOX-11).
Schlussfolgerung Das immunhistochemische Profil der betroffenen GL stimmte mit dem klassischen MCL-Profil überein. Bioptisch zeigten sich alle 3 Fälle auf die Target-Moleküle der
zurzeit zugelassenen zielgerichteten Therapien positiv (CD20 für Rituximab bzw. BCL-2 für die Bruton-Kinase-Inhibitoren und CD19 für die chimäre Antigenrezeptor-T-Zell-Therapie
[CAR-T-Therapie]). Somit ist aus okuloplastischer Sicht eine inzisionale Biopsie zur Histologiegewinnung das Vorgehen der Wahl.
Cable and Mirror Sutures and the Nasal Septum Sublaminar Dissection
Authors: Neves Jose Carlos , Martin Patricia Regalado 
Published: January 2023

AbstractManaging the nasal septum (NS) position is crucial in septorhinoplasty. The analysis and the preparation of the anterior nasal spine and the quadrangular cartilage as well as the strategy defined to efficiently stabilize the septum will dictate considerably the success of the result. Moreover, what we see in the surgical table can suffer modifications during the healing process because of poor fixation or the cheese-wire effect of the cartilage. We will present a logical sequence and tools to achieve a proper and stable position of the NS and the nasal pyramid. The sublaminar (supraperichondral) dissection of the quadrangular cartilage as an option to the subperichondral one and the use of cable and mirror sutures to three-dimensionally positioning and stabilizing the NS will be described.
Multiple Component Pharmacokinetics after Oral Administration of Gnaphalium affine Extract in Rats
Authors: Han Shiyi , Liu Xizi , Chen Ye , Chen Junping , Han Qinghua , Fan Siyang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gnaphalium affine is traditionally used to treat hyperuricemia and gout in China. Recently, the hypouricemic and renal protective effects of G. affine extract (GAD) have been
deeply evaluated. However, little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of bioactive constituents in GAD. This study is aimed at investigating the individual and holistic
pharmacokinetics of 10 bioactive components (including caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acids, and flavonoids) in rats after single and multiple administrations of GAD. GAD is orally dosed to
normal male rats at doses of 225, 450, or 900 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days and also orally administrated to uric acid nephropathy (UAN) rats at a dose of 900 mg/kg/day for 28
consecutive days. Integrated PKs of multiple components are calculated by area under the curve (AUC)-based weighting approach. All the components show a double-peak phenomenon in terms of
their plasma concentration-time curves, suggesting that the components undergo enterohepatic circulation. The integrated AUC increases in a good dose-proportional manner with GAD dose.
Compared with that in normal rats, the plasma exposure of caffeic acid and caffeoylquinic acids increases by 2.3- to 4.3-fold after 10-day chronic treatment of 900 mg/kg GAD in UAN rats.
Modest drug accumulation is observed after 28-day chronic treatment.
The History of Factor XIII Deficiency
Authors: Dorgalaleh Akbar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the early discovery of factor XIII (FXIII) in 1944, the diagnosis of FXIII deficiency was not made until 1960, after all the other coagulation factor deficiencies, most likely due to the normality of routine coagulation testing in FXIII deficiency. Although the first case was detected by the clot solubility test and this test has long since been used to detect FXIII deficiency, the test is no longer recommended by experts. Over the past 60 years, knowledge about FXIII deficiency has expanded considerably, between 1992, when the first variant was identified, and 2022, 197 mutations have been reported. Almost all missense mutations have a similar effect on FXIII, leading to instability and faster degradation of mutant FXIII protein. Therapeutic options have evolved from historical fresh frozen plasma (FFP), old plasma, whole blood, and cryoprecipitate, to plasma-derived and recombinant FXIII concentrates, respectively available since 1993 and 2012. These concentrate products were respectively approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 and 2013. This historical review covers various aspects of FXIII related disorders, including the discovery of the FXIII, associated disorders, molecular basis, diagnosis, and treatment of FXIII deficiency.
SLAC microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics: A tone-tracking readout system for superconducting microwave resonator arrays
Authors: Yu Cyndia , Ahmed Zeeshan , Frisch Josef C. , Henderson Shawn W. , Silva-Feaver Max , Arnold Kam , Brown David , Connors Jake , Cukierman Ari J. , D’Ewart J. Mitch , Dober Bradley J. , Dusatko John E. , Haller Gunther , Herbst Ryan , Hilton Gene C. , Hubmayr Johannes , Irwin Kent D. , Kuo Chao-Lin , Mates John A. B. , Ruckman Larry , Ullom Joel , Vale Leila , Van Winkle Daniel D. , Vasquez Jesus , Young Edward 
Published: January 2023

We describe the newest generation of the SLAC Microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics, a warm digital control and readout system for microwave-frequency resonator-based cryogenic detector and multiplexer systems, such as microwave superconducting quantum interference device multiplexers (μmux) or microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Ultra-sensitive measurements in particle physics and astronomy increasingly rely on large arrays of cryogenic sensors, which in turn necessitate highly multiplexed readout and accompanying room-temperature electronics. Microwave-frequency resonators are a popular tool for cryogenic multiplexing, with the potential to multiplex thousands of detector channels on one readout line. The SMuRF system provides the capability for reading out up to 3328 channels across a 4–8 GHz bandwidth. Notably, the SMuRF system is unique in its implementation of a closed-loop tone-tracking algorithm that minimizes RF power transmitted to the cold amplifier, substantially relaxing system linearity requirements and effective noise from intermodulation products. Here, we present a description of the hardware, firmware, and software systems of the SMuRF electronics, comparing achieved performance with science-driven design requirements. In particular, we focus on the case of large-channel-count, low-bandwidth applications, but the system has been easily reconfigured for high-bandwidth applications. The system described here has been successfully deployed in lab settings and field sites around the world and is baselined for use on upcoming large-scale observatories.
A quasi-two-dimensional fluid experimental apparatus based on tank-in-tank configuration
Authors: Chen X. , Sun S. , Tian X. , Liu L. , Yang J. 
Published: January 2023

The fluid tank is an essential facility for experimental research on fluid mechanics. However, owing to the hydrostatic fluid pressure, a fine uniformity of the narrow channel is difficult to be maintained in a tall narrow–channel tank. To address this issue, we proposed a quasi-two-dimensional fluid experimental apparatus based on a “tank-in-tank” configuration and built with an outer tank and an inner tank. The outer tank was cuboid-shaped and used to load the fluid medium, while the inner tank, consisting of two parallel glass plates, was embedded into the outer tank and served as the experimental channel. The hydrostatic pressure acting on the channel was balanced so that a high level of uniformity was maintained over the whole channel. The available height and width of the channel were 2800 and 1500 mm, respectively, while its gap distance could be adaptive from 0 to 120 mm. Experimental research on motion characteristics of circular disks falling in the quasi-2D channel was implemented to investigate the effects of the falling environment and disk geometry. Four distinct falling types were observed, and the wake flow fields of the falling disks were visualized. The Reynolds numbers of falling disks ranged from 400 to 63 000 presently. Chaotic motion and regular motion were demarcated at Re ≈ 30 000. An analytical model was established to predict the final average falling velocity and Reynolds number. Finally, potential directions for future research and improvements to the apparatus were suggested.
Design and experimental research of a compact directional coupler for X-band relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Zhuang , Ju Jinchuan , He Changjie , Zhang Qiang , Dang Fangchao , Zhou Yunxiao 
Published: January 2023

To realize online measurement of power, frequency, and phase for a modularized relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier in a narrow space, a compact directional coupler with high directivity, high power handling capacity, and large bandwidth has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The method with coupling holes distributed in both the longitudinal and lateral directions is proposed, and the simulation results indicate that when two holes are employed, directivity larger than 20 dB is achieved over a 300 MHz bandwidth in the X-band and the maximal electric field strength is controlled to be 198.5 kV/cm with 1 GW power injection, while the whole coupler longitude is optimized to be as short as 50 mm. High power experiments have been performed with a 10 GHz relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier, and the results show that the measured power, frequency, and phase shift of the directional coupler have good agreement with the results obtained in the far-field.
In your face
Authors: Boyes Braem Penny , Tissi Katja 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by describing impolite forms of signing reported for many sign languages that seem to be based on the visual modality of this form of communication. Other im/polite conventions are influenced by the setting, register, type of speech act, or the perceived signing ability of the addressee. Some signs are perceived as impolite by signers of other cultures because their handshape or location components have impolite connotations in their culture; others reflect historically changing norms of the society. A cultural aversion to what is perceived as bragging seems to be shared by hearing German/Swiss German speakers and deaf signers of Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS).
Indexing social distance through bodily visual practices in two languages
Authors: Brown Lucien , Hübscher Iris , Kim Hyunji , Winter Bodo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the multimodal indexing of social distance in two unrelated languages/cultures: Korean and Catalan. Participants performed several tasks: once with a status superior (“socially distant” condition) and once with a friend (“socially close”). Catalan speakers exhibited more body movements but were less consistent in modulating them according to social distance. The frequency of head nodding increased in the socially distant situation for both languages, and haptics never occurred with superiors. Only Korean speakers consistently reduced their rate of head shaking with the superior, and also reduced their use of adaptors. Gaze aversion showed weak results only for Catalan. The results add to a growing body of evidence that social distance is marked multimodally in similar ways across cultures.
Customer support agents in Spanish live chats
Authors: Iyanga-Mambo Ester 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Little research has been addressed to multimodal politeness in professional-layperson interactions such as between agents and customers in online platforms such as live chats. Customer support plays a significant role in commercial firms and institutions given two functions: achieving successful interactions with customers to maintain their loyalty and, the public image of the company. Thus, this ethnographic study focuses on the effects of live-chat customer support agents including or omitting affective communicative cues such as emoticons, among others, as multimodal politeness strategies in interactions with customers. The illustrative examples here show that when live-chat agents use non-verbal affective communicative markers, interactions become more personal. This improves the level of service satisfaction in customers and the public image of the company.
An experimental approach to colloquiality perception in L1 and L2 Spanish
Authors: Checa-Garcia Irene 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most studies on register have only approached it from the point of view of production rather than perception.
However, features associated with less formal registers could vary in production and perception, particularly in the case of L2.
Here an experimental methodology is used to look at five morphosyntactic linguistic features commonly considered more colloquial
in Spanish and compare their effect in perceiving a sentence as more or less formal in two different groups of Spanish speakers,
L1 and L2. Results show differences between the two groups, in the effect and weight of some of the experimental conditions and
their interactions. These differences can be explained in terms of register input received in the classroom and perceptibility and
processing impact of some of the features. The paper concludes with a discussion of the methodological challenges of this type of
study as well as how it can complement register production studies.
Textile handicraft for equipment-free fabrication of wearable low-cost diagnostic sensors for body-fluid based pathology
Authors: Laha Sampad , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report a low-cost, rapid and single-step method for fabricating microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) without involving any sophisticated instruments, simply by painting hydrophobic zones on cotton cloth using a liquid mixture primarily composed of polyurethane-based commercial wood finish. The mixture needs to be applied on cloth using a paint brush and subsequently dried in open air for only around 5 min to complete the process of hydrophobic barrier deposition. The painted regions show extreme hydrophobicity and demonstrate excellent barrier integrity and chemical inertness with a wide range of liquids, reagents, solvents and biological fluids. Channels of different designs are fabricated with sufficient dimensional reproducibility, despite adhering to manual painting step. Using this simple fabrication method, a colorimetric glucose detection assay is demonstrated on cloth-based devices, which has been found to be highly accurate as benchmarked with a laboratory-referenced biochemistry analyzer. The inherent simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this method is likely to foster sustainable growth of rural handicrafts specialized in manufacturing low-cost wearable sensors for rapid point-of-care diagnostics.
Recent progress in waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials for infrared detection
Authors: Huang Guo Yi , Hao Yabin , Li Shi Qi , Jia Yi Ding , Guo Jin Chuan , Zhang Han , Wang Bing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have received extensive attention in optoelectronics because of their unique characteristics. However, due to the extremely thin thickness of 2D materials, their optical absorption is limited. In recent years, researchers have used different effects and structures to enhance the optical absorption of 2D materials. The waveguide, as a device to guide and limit light propagation, has been integrated into photodetectors based on 2D materials, most of which have been applied in the infrared spectrum. This article reviews the development of waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials, mainly in the infrared spectrum in recent years. Discussions mainly focus on the preparation of materials in waveguide-integrated photodetectors, the design and simulation of waveguide structures, and the summary of research results and applications of waveguide-integrated photodetectors in recent years. Finally, the challenges and prospects of waveguide-integrated photodetectors are put forward and discussed.