bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Inequality in the Medical Profession: the Women Doctors in Spain (Womeds) Study
Authors: Santucci Claudia , López-Valcarcel Beatriz González , Avendaño-Solá Cristina , Bautista Mari Carmen , Pino Carmen Gallardo , García Lourdes Lledó , Martín-Perez Elena , López Pilar Garrido 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The WOmen in MEDicine in Spain (WOMEDS) project (https://womeds.es) aims to detect and measure possible gender bias in different settings of the medical profession in Spain, monitor its evolution over time, and propose measures to reduce it.
Methods
We collected primary data for the calendar year 2019-2021, retrieved from several sources, and selected surveys. We built four groups of leadership position indicators: i) health care according to specialty and region, ii) scientific and professional bodies (presidents and board members of scientific societies, guest speakers at medical congresses according to specialty, medical councils by region) iii) academic career (dean, department head, full and associated professors); and iv) research career (application/concession/financial amount of national projects with public funding). We analyze data using female ratios, calculated as the percentage of women in specific top positions divided by the percentage of women in the relevant population.
Results
We found a gender bias in all four settings. Disparities emerged both in medical staff and head positions. During the observed period, 76.6% of the presidents of FACME member medical societies were men and only 3 annual congresses had ratios of women speakers higher than 1. Women were over-represented in the lower groups and under-represented in the top academic positions. Only 26% and 27% respectively of the heads of departments and deans were women. The applications for public funding for research projects are led by women in 45% of the cases, with a strikingly low percentage in some modalities of research calls. The budget granted to women in public calls was 24.3% lower than that of men.
Conclusion
In all the areas analyzed, the leadership positions are still mostly occupied by men despite the feminization of medicine. The severe gender bias found calls for urgent interventions within a defined time horizon. Such measures must concern all levels, from national or regional regulation to changes in organizational culture or incentives in specific organizations. We hope that the WOMEDS project will contribute to making the problem visible for organizations to react proactively.
Effects of acid pretreatment of copper granules recovered from waste printed circuit board on product purity and impurities introduced in electrolytic system
Authors: Li zhijian , Wang Wei , Jiang Long-jin , CHANG Zhidong , Ma Xiping , Luo Xin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In order to extend the duration of the electrolyte solution in which copper granules recovered from waste printed circuit board are refined through electrolysis to obtain copper with high purity and which is contaminated by the accumulation of metallic impurities along with the refinery of waste printed circuit board, the leaching and electrowinning processes are used to pretreat the copper granules. The effects of impurities of copper granules as well as H2SO4 mole ratio, leaching temperature, liquid to solid ratio, and operation time on the removing efficiencies of Zn, Sn, Fe, and Al, were studied. The results showed that more than 95% of impurities can be removed when the mole ratio of impurities to H2SO4 was 1:4, the temperature was 70°C, the liquid-solid ratio was 20 mL/g, along with the leaching time of 180 min. After 1440 min electrolysis of the pretreated granules with the electric current density of 40 mA/cm2, the purity of refined copper maintained at 99% in contrast with 95% which copper granules are without pretreatment. The maximal concentration of the accumulated ions of impurities is less than 60 mg/L, which suggests the sulfuric acidic pretreatment is a promising approach to increase the duration of the electrolyte solution.
URI alleviates tyrosine kinase inhibitors-induced ferroptosis by reprogramming lipid metabolism in p53 wild-type liver cancers.
Authors: Ding Zhi-wen , Pan Yu-Fei , Shang Taiyu , Jiang Tian-Yi , Lin Yun-Kai , Yang Chun , Pang Shujie , Cui Xiao-Wen , Wang Yixiu , Feng Xiaofan , Xu Mengyou , Pei Mengmiao , Chen Yibin , Li Xin , Ding Jin , Tan Ye-Xiong , Wang Hongyang , Dong Li-Wei , Wang Lu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-based systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has only limited clinical benefit and reaches a bottleneck due to its drug resistance. Here, through whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and lipidomic analysis, we uncover that lipid metabolism reprogramming mediated by unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor (URI) endows HCC with resistance to TKIs-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, URI directly interacts with TRIM28 and promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation in a TRIM28-MDM2 dependent manner. Importantly, we find that p53 binds to the promoter of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and represses its transcription. Therefore, high expression of URI is correlated with high level of SCD1 and their synergetic expression predicts poor prognosis and TKIs resistance in HCC. The combination of SCD1 inhibitor aramchol and deuterated sorafenib derivative donafenib displays promising anti-tumor effects in xenografted models of wild-type p53 liver cancer cell lines. This combination therapy has potential significant clinical benefits for the patients with advanced HCC who have wild-type p53 and high levels of URI/SCD1.
NLRP3 inflammasome-IL-1β-IL-1R1 signaling pathway is involved in surgery- induced neuroinflammation in mice
Authors: Jiang Xin , Liu Yuanyuan , Ren Yi , Wang Rui , Wang Ting , Guo Mixue , Zhang Caixia , Qu Baofu , Wang Hao , Ma Gang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have shown that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated IL-1β/IL-1R1 pathway plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of inflammation-induced impairment of diverse diseases, inflammation-induced pulmonary fibrosis pathological process. However, the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome-IL-1β-IL-1R1 signaling pathway in surgery-induced neuroinflammation still remains unknown.
METHODS
Firstly, male C57BL/6J mice were adopted to randomly devided into control group and different time point group (0.5h, 6h, 12h, 18h, 24h) after surgery treated with carotid artery exploration surgery. Moreover, to further investigate the effect of blockage of NLRP3, 4 groups including control group, surgery group, surgery + AAV group and surgery + NEG group, were added to our experiments. After the surgery, the levels of proteins related to the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1R1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in diverse groups were measured by immunofluorescence assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Microglia and monocytes were separately determined by flow cytometry. The pathological changes in the brain were detected by Nissl staining.
RESULTS
Peripheral surgery resulted in monocyte activation and an increase in the expression of IL-1β in the circulatory system. IL-1R1, NLRP3, activated caspase-1 (caspase-1 P10), IL-1β, and IL-18 were upregulated in the hippocampus. Subsequently, the expression of microglia cells considerably increased and neuronal damage was observed. These effects were attenuated by AAV-NLRP3 treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
The peripheral surgery induced an increase of IL-1β, IL-1R1, NLRP3, and neuron injury in the hippocampus, inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 can alleviate inflammatory factors expression and neuron damage. We assumed that there is a feedback mechanism about IL-1β-IL-1R1-NLRP3 inflammasome existing in the brain after peripheral surgery.
Application of triangular duct in solar assisted air-heating system with surface roughness: A numerical investigation
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Re Palvai Srinivas , Kharub Majneet , Bharadwaj Gaurav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A solar air heater is a simple device designed to collect solar radiation for air heating purpose and the heated air can further be used for space heating, drying, etc. The conventional air heater (solar assisted) has poor performance and with this work an attempt has been made to improve its performance by providing surface roughness over the heated surface. The roughness employed over the surface has elliptical cavity and its dimensions and placement over the heated surface is defined with the dimensionless parameters (relative cavity depth; Dd, relative crosswise distance; Dc, and relative flow-wise distance; Df which varied from 0.016 to 0.038, 6-14, and 6 to 14, respectively). A CFD code has been development and validated with the experimental results to do the parametric analysis for understand the effect of proposed surface roughness on the performance of air-heater. It is concluded that the proposed surface roughness promotes the local turbulence, flow separation, and strong vortices in the flow-field with resulted comparatively higher thermal performance in the proposed air-heater. But, this higher thermal performance achieved at the expense of higher pressure loss in the passage. The augmentation of heat increases substantially by 2.57 times at the expanse of 2.3 times increase in pressure at relative cavity depth (Dd); relative crosswise distance (Ds); and relative flow-wise distance (Dl) of 0.038, 10, and 10, respectively. However, the overall performance is 1.75 times higher in the proposed air-heater in comparison to the conventional designs.
Graph deep learning accelerated efficient crystal structure search and feature extraction
Authors: Wei Su-Huai , Li Chuannan , Liang Hanpu , Zhang Xie , Lin Zijing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Structural search and feature extraction are a central subject in modern materials design, the efficiency of which is currently limited, but can be potentially boosted by machine learning (ML). Here, we develop an ML-based prediction-analysis framework, which includes a symmetry-based combinatorial crystal optimization program (SCCOP) and a feature additive attribution model, to significantly reduce computational costs and to extract property-related structural features. Our method is highly accurate and predictive, and extracts structural features from desired structures to guide materials design. As a case study, we apply our new approach to a two-dimensional B-C-N system, which identifies 28 previously undiscovered stable structures out of 82 compositions; our analysis further establishes the structural features that contribute most to energy and bandgap. Compared to conventional approaches, SCCOP is about 10 times faster while maintaining a comparable accuracy. Our new framework is generally applicable to all types of systems for precise and efficient structural search, providing new insights into the relationship between ML-tracted structural features and physical properties.
Factors for not performing total body skin examinations in primary care in association with teledermoscopy
Authors: Ingvar Jonas , Nielsen Kari , Ingvar Åsa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate factors related to omitted total body skin examination (TBSE) in skin cancer diagnostics while managing patients using teledermoscopy (TDS) in Swedish primary care.
Methods
4,987 TDS referrals from primary care centers were analyzed to identify factors associated with failing to perform TBSE. Data collected included age, gender of patient and physician, and reason for visit. Logistic regression was used to test the association between the variables and risk for failing to complete a TBSE.
Results
The risk for omitted TBSE is higher in older patients, females, patients whose primary reason for seeking care was not specifically for a complete skin check, and with female physician. Patients > 80 years had more than four times increased risk not to undergo TBSE compared to the youngest (< 30 y). The strongest correlation to omitting TBSE was with other reason for primary care visit than “skin check”. Male gender of the patient and being examined by male physicians decreased the risk of omitted TBSE by 20% and 30%, respectively. There was no evidence of interaction between the gender of the patient and physician.
Conclusion
Since TDS reduces the opportunities to have a TBSE by dermatologists, the standard management of patients with suspicious skin lesions in primary care must be revised and evidence-based. TBSE is strongly recommended for patients with increased risk of skin cancer, for example old male persons with fair skin and a history of skin cancer, when managing them with TDS.
Fatostatin promotes anti-tumor immunity by reducing SREBP2 mediated cholesterol metabolism in tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes
Authors: Zhu Lei , Shi Yilin , Feng Zhelong , Yuan Dingyi , Guo Shiduo , Wang Yuxia , Shen Haowen , Li Yan , Wang Yajing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aberrant lipid metabolism affects intratumoral T cells mediated immune response and tumor growth. Fatostatin, a chemical inhibitor of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) activation was found that it can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, G2/M phase arrest under SREBP-dependent processes and block mitotic cell division not depending on the SREBPs mediated lipogenesis. However, the complicated intervention effect of fatostatin on lipids metabolism in the TME, and its influence on anti-tumor immunity of T cells remains unclear. Here we found that fatostatin effectively inhibited the growth of B16 melanoma, MC38 colon cancer, and Lewis lung cancer (LLC) transplanted tumor in mice through reducing SREBPs mediated lipids metabolism in the tumor tissue, especially cholesterol levels. The effects of fatostatin on the overall metabolic level of TME mainly focus on tryptophan metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism. Mechanically, fatostatin decreased intracellular cholesterol accumulation and inhibited XBP1-mediated ER stress, thereby suppressing the proportion of Treg cells and CD8+ T cells exhaustion in the TME, exerting an anti-tumor function. Our study suggests that targeting SREBP2-mediated cholesterol metabolism could be a potential strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy and confirmed the application potential of fatostatin in tumor immunotherapy.
Superconductivity in Twisted Double Bilayer Graphene Stabilized by WSe2
Authors: Folk Joshua , Su Ruiheng , Kuiri Manabendra , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Identifying the essential components of superconductivity in graphene-based systems remains a critical problem in 2D-materials research, connecting this field to the mysteries that underpin investigations of unconventional superconductivity throughout condensed-matter physics. Superconductivity has been previously observed in magic-angle twisted stacks of monolayer graphene but conspicuously not in twisted stacks of bilayer graphene, although both systems host topological flat bands and symmetry-broken states. Here, we report the discovery of superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) in proximity to WSe2. Samples with twist angles 1.24° and 1.37° superconduct in small pockets of the gate-tuned phase diagram within the valence and conduction band, respectively. Superconductivity emerges from unpolarized states near van Hove singularities and next to regions with broken isospin symmetry, showing the correlation between a high density of states and the emergence of superconductivity in TDBG while revealing a possible role for isospin fluctuations in the pairing.
Inverse relationship between Parkinson’s disease and cancer in Korea: a longitudinal study of a national health screening cohort
Authors: Kim Ji Hee , Kim So Young , Choi Hyo Geun , Kim Yoo Hwan , Kwon Mi Jung , Kim Joo-Hee , Lee Heui Seung 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Despite growing epidemiological evidence, the relationship between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and cancer has not been conclusively demonstrated, and related studies are scarce in the Asian population.
Objectives: We aimed to determine the association between PD and subsequent development of various cancers from longitudinal data of a representative sample of Korean adults aged ≥40 years.
Methods: We retrospectively identified 8,381 patients diagnosed with PD from 2002 to 2019 using claims data among 514,866 people of random samples from the Korean National Health Insurance database. We sampled 33,524 age-, sex-, income-, and residential area-matched participants without PD from the same database. The longitudinal associations between PD and overall cancers, as well as 10 common types of cancer, were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis.
Results: The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of all cancer types was 0.63 (95% confidence interval = 0.57-0.69) in patients with PD compared with matched controls. The aHRs of gastric, thyroid, colorectal, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic cancer and hematological malignancy was 0.69 (0.56-0.85), 0.60 (0.39-0.93), 0.56 (0.44-0.70), 0.71 (0.58-0.84), 0.64 (0.48-0.86), 0.37 (0.23-0.60), and 0.56 (0.36-0.87), respectively. The associations of bladder, gallbladder and biliary duct, and kidney cancer with PD were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Our findings show that the inverse association with overall cancer and most cancer types in patients with PD. These inverse associations and their pathogeneses merits further investigation.
Designing an Expert System for Ranking Facial Attractiveness Based on Deep Learning and Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Moridani Mohammad Karimi , Behbahani Soroor , Nejati Foojan ‎ 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective:
A wide range of social consequences is attributed to face preferences, from mate choices and decisions about social relationships to hiring decisions, including fashion modeling and marketing issues. This paper aims to design and develop an expert system based on the fuzzy inference system (FIS) for ranking facial attractiveness.
Methods:
Firstly, we reviewed the research on facial attractiveness and found that most papers do not use an expert system to rate the facial attractiveness of people. Therefore, this study used a deep learning method using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize attractive faces. Then, with the help of the rules of the fuzzy inference system, an expert model was designed for ranking facial attractiveness.
Results:
We demonstrated that the combination of FIS and CNN is highly effective and excellent at ranking facial attractiveness. Our method performs better than other methods we have investigated in a small amount of data. The mean and standard deviation values of sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of the proposed model for detecting attractive and unattractive faces were 99.46±0.03%, 99.35±0.01%, 98.99±0.02%, and 99.7±0.01%, respectively. In addition, we have obtained a mean prediction accuracy for ranking facial attractiveness as 99.53+0.06%.
Conclusion:
We designed an expert ranking system for facial attractiveness to rank different faces according to facial structure features. As a result of our approach, we could also provide a deeper understanding of how FIS and CNN can recognize ranking facial attractiveness.
Observation of the Griffiths phase in the hyperkagome antiferromagnet Mn3RhSi in the absence of disorder
Authors: Shamoto Shin-ichi , Iida Kazuki , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Yamauchi Hiroki , Hall Amelia , Chen Yu-Sheng , Lee Min Kai , Balakrishnan Geetha , Chang Lieh-Jeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The disorder has been believed to be a necessary ingredient in the Griffiths phase, which usually forms a ferromagnetic cluster in the paramagnetic state above the magnetic long-range order temperature. However, we found that the Griffiths phase behavior appears as a magnetic short-range order in a paramagnetic state of a hyperkagome antiferromagnet Mn3RhSi without any disorder over a wide temperature range of approximately 500 K. Here, neutron scattering investigations of the magnetic Griffiths phase in a single crystal of Mn3RhSi reveal the fluctuating magnetic cluster forms a spiral spin structure different from the Néel state. This finding suggests that the magnetic Griffiths phase becomes stable in the paramagnetic state of the hyperkagome lattice without any disorders.
Effect of lamellar keratoplasty after pre-Descemet’s membrane suture healing of acute corneal hydrops
Authors: bai jie , Liu Chang , Li Shaowei , Zhao Lin , Li Ling , Song Wenxiu , Hu Luping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to observe the effect of lamellar keratoplasty (LK) after pre-Descemet’s membrane (pre-DM) suture healing of acute corneal hydrops (ACH).
Methods: In a retrospective noncomparative case series, 11 patients (11 eyes) with ACH, who underwent pre-DM suture combined with intracameral air injection in the acute stage, underwent LK when the oedema subsided. During surgery, the diseased cornea was stripped layer by layer, and a mild scar in the deep stroma occasionally remained. The age, sex, diagnosis, scope of acute corneal oedema, size and location of scar after oedema healing, operation interval, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), astigmatism, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.
Results: The average follow-up time was 15.45 ± 8.54 months (6–30 months). The average time from corneal suture to LK was 41.91 ± 36.39 days. After LK, the BCVA was 0.52 ± 0.18 (0.15–0.8), astigmatism on the front surface of corneal topography was 5.63 ± 1.28 D, and apparent optometry CYL was -4.50 ± 1.87 D. The central corneal thickness was 552.81 ± 62.81 μm (449–637 μm). Microperforation occurred in two cases. No other complications occurred in any patients until the last follow-up.
Conclusions: LK can be performed earlier after the pre-DM suture of ACH. The combination of the two can shorten the overall course of the disease, significantly improve vision, and avoid the complications of penetrating keratoplasty.