bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing PM2.5 and related meteorology over India from 1950–2014: a new perspective from a chemistry-climate model ensemble
Authors: Hancock Sarah , Fiore Arlene M , Westervelt Daniel M , Correa Gus , Lamarque Jean-François , Venkataraman Chandra , Sharma Arushi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Surface PM2.5 concentrations in India have increased dramatically as emissions have risen in recent years. The role of meteorological factors in this increase is unclear, mainly due to a lack of long-term observations over the region. A 12-member ensemble of historical (1950–2014) simulations from the Community Earth System Model version 2-Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (CESM2-WACCM6) offers an unprecedented opportunity to examine simulated PM2.5 and meteorology for 20th century climates that can arise due to ‘climate noise’ under the same historical greenhouse gas and air pollutant emission trajectories. CESM2-WACCM6 includes interactive aerosol and gas-phase chemistry in the atmosphere coupled to ocean-sea ice-land models, and each ensemble member differs only in its initial conditions of the climate state. We systematically examine, decade-by-decade, the changes in PM2.5 and associated meteorology, including wind speed, surface temperature inversions, boundary layer height, precipitation, and relative humidity in four cities in India: Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, and New Delhi. Forced changes clearly emerge in meteorological variables from 1950 to 2014, including increases in both relative humidity and temperature inversion strength, and decreases in boundary layer height and average surface wind speed. The timing of these changes varies by city: boundary layer heights decrease most over New Delhi in the premonsoon season (ensemble average decrease of 400 m), but over Mumbai in the postmonsoon season (ensemble average decrease of 100 m). PM2.5 concentrations increase across India regardless of climate variability, with an almost threefold increase from 1950 to 2014 over New Delhi. Analysis of dimensionless variables shows that PM2.5 exhibits larger ensemble mean trends and smaller variability than the trends in the meteorological variables, enabling us to infer that the increase in PM2.5 is predominantly controlled by increases in anthropogenic emissions rather than climate variability. Overall, our simulations corroborate the dominant role of air pollutant emissions on poor air quality in India.
On the Liouville property for fully nonlinear equations with superlinear first-order terms
Authors: Cirant Marco , Goffi Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

We consider in this note one-side Liouville properties for viscosity solutions of various fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic inequalities, whose prototype is

F
(
x
,

D
2

u
)
≥

H
i

(
x
,
u
,
D
u
)

F(x,D^2u)\geq H_i(x,u,Du)

in

R

N

\mathbb {R}^N

, where

H
i

H_i

has superlinear growth in the gradient variable. After a brief survey on the existing literature, we discuss the validity or the failure of the Liouville property in the model cases

H
1

(
u
,
D
u
)
=

u
q

+

|

D
u

|

γ

H_1(u,Du)=u^q+|Du|^\gamma

,

H
2

(
u
,
D
u
)
=

u
q

|

D
u

|

γ

H_2(u,Du)=u^q|Du|^\gamma

and

H
3

(
x
,
u
,
D
u
)
=
±

u
q

|

D
u

|

γ

−
b
(
x
)
⋅
D
u

H_3(x,u,Du)=\pm u^q|Du|^\gamma -b(x)\cdot Du

, where

q
≥
0

q\geq 0

,

γ
>
1

\gamma >1

and

b
b

is a suitable velocity field. Several counterexamples and open problems are thoroughly discussed.
Dermoscopy of subclinical nail involvement in patients with diabetes mellitus: a case–control study
Authors: Hofny Eman R M , Tawfik Yasmin M , Hasan Mohamed S , Salah Yasmin , Rageh Mahmoud A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that can lead to serious complications. Nails are a mirror for general health so changes in nails can be an indicator of disease progression in patients with DM.

Aim
To detect subclinical nail changes in patients with DM using dermoscopy.

Methods
In total, 100 participants were recruited, all of them from outpatient clinics, made up of a group with DM (n = 50) and an age- and sex-matched control group without DM (n = 50). All patients had clinically apparently normal nails. In both groups, dermoscopic examinations were conducted and compared.

Results
It was found that 33 patients in the DM group (66%) had dermoscopic nail findings in the form of microhaemorrhage (26%), longitudinal striations (24%), distal subungual onychomycosis (24%), superficial pitting (20%), distal onycholysis (18%), splinter haemorrhage (14%), subungual hyperkeratosis (12%), dilated vessels (10%) and distal yellowish discoloration (8%).

Conclusion
Nail examination can be accomplished with the help of dermoscopy to detect subclinical nail changes in patients diagnosed with DM and, therefore, can give us an idea about disease progression and help with control of DM and treatment plans.
The RNA-binding protein QKI governs a muscle-specific alternative splicing program that shapes the contractile function of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Montañés-Agudo Pablo , Aufiero Simona , Schepers Eva N , van der Made Ingeborg , Cócera-Ortega Lucia , Ernault Auriane C , Richard Stéphane , Kuster Diederik W D , Christoffels Vincent M , Pinto Yigal M , Creemers Esther E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
In the heart, splicing factors orchestrate the functional properties of cardiomyocytes by regulating the alternative splicing of multiple genes. Work in embryonic stem cells has shown that the splicing factor Quaking (QKI) regulates alternative splicing during cardiomyocyte differentiation. However, the relevance and function of QKI in adult cardiomyocytes remains unknown. In this study, we aim to identify the in vivo function of QKI in the adult mouse heart.

Methods and results
We generated mice with conditional deletion of QKI in cardiomyocytes by the Cre-Lox system. Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of QKI died during the foetal period (E14.5), without obvious anatomical abnormalities of the heart. Adult mice with tamoxifen-inducible QKI deletion rapidly developed heart failure associated with severe disruption of sarcomeres, already 7 days after knocking out QKI. RNA sequencing revealed that QKI regulates the alternative splicing of more than 1000 genes, including sarcomere and cytoskeletal components, calcium-handling genes, and (post-)transcriptional regulators. Many of these splicing changes corresponded to the loss of muscle-specific isoforms in the heart. Forced overexpression of QKI in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes directed these splicing events in the opposite direction and enhanced contractility of cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion
Altogether, our findings show that QKI is an important regulator of the muscle-specific alternative splicing program that builds the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes.
Empagliflozin inhibits excessive autophagy through the AMPK/GSK3β signalling pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Madonna Rosalinda , Moscato Stefania , Cufaro Maria Concetta , Pieragostino Damiana , Mattii Letizia , Del Boccio Piero , Ghelardoni Sandra , Zucchi Riccardo , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have beneficial effects on heart failure and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, with unclear mechanisms. Autophagy is a cardioprotective mechanism under acute stress conditions, but excessive autophagy accelerates myocardial cell death leading to autosis. We evaluated the protective role of empagliflozin (EMPA) against cardiac injury in murine diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and results
Male mice, rendered diabetics by one single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and treated with EMPA (30 mg/kg/day), had fewer apoptotic cells (4.9 ± 2.1 vs. 1 ± 0.5 TUNEL-positive cells %, P &lt; 0.05), less senescence (10.1 ± 2 vs. 7.9 ± 1.2 β-gal positivity/tissue area, P &lt; 0.05), fibrosis (0.2 ± 0.05 vs. 0.15 ± 0.06, P &lt; 0.05 fibrotic area/tissue area), autophagy (7.9 ± 0.05 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6 fluorescence intensity/total area, P &lt; 0.01), and connexin (Cx)-43 lateralization compared with diabetic mice. Proteomic analysis showed a down-regulation of the 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and upstream activation of sirtuins in the heart of diabetic mice treated with EMPA compared with diabetic mice. Because sirtuin activation leads to the modulation of cardiomyogenic transcription factors, we analysed the DNA binding activity to serum response elements (SRE) of serum response factor (SRF) by electromobility shift assay. Compared with diabetic mice [0.5 ± 0.01 densitometric units (DU)], non-diabetic mice treated with EMPA (2.2 ± 0.01 DU, P &lt; 0.01) and diabetic mice treated with EMPA (2.0 ± 0.1 DU, P &lt; 0.01) significantly increased SRF binding activity to SRE, paralleled by increased cardiac actin expression (4.1 ± 0.1 vs. 2.2 ± 0.01 target protein/β-actin ratio, P &lt; 0.01). EMPA significantly reversed cardiac dysfunction on echocardiography in diabetic mice and inhibited excessive autophagy in high-glucose-treated cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the autophagy inducer glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), leading to reactivation of cardiomyogenic transcription factors.

Conclusion
Taken together, our results describe a novel paradigm in which EMPA inhibits hyperactivation of autophagy through the AMPK/GSK3β signalling pathway in the context of diabetes.
Cardiac manifestations and clinical management of X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: a case series
Authors: Kashyap Niharika , Nikhanj Anish , Gagnon Luke R , Moukaskas Basel , Siddiqi Zaeem A , Oudit Gavin Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Heart disease is an under-recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Arrhythmias and conduction delays are highly prevalent and given the rarity of this disease the patient care process remains poorly defined.

Case summary
This study closely followed four adult patients from the Neuromuscular Multidisciplinary Clinic (Alberta, Canada) that presented with X-linked recessive EDMD. Patients were assessed and managed on a case-by-case basis. Clinical status and cardiac function were assessed through clinical history, physical examination, and investigations (12-lead electrocardiogram, 24 hour Holter monitor, transthoracic echocardiogram, and plasma biomarkers). Conduction disease, requiring permanent pacemaker, was prevalent in all patients. With appropriate medical therapy over a median follow-up period five years the cardiac status was shown to have stabilized in all these patients.

Discussion
We demonstrate the presentation of arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and chamber dilation in adult patients with X-linked EDMD. Cardiac medications and pacemaker therapy are shown to prevent adverse outcomes from these complications. Patients with EDMD are expected to develop heart disease early and prior to the development of an overt neuromuscular phenotype. These patients should be closely monitored in a multidisciplinary setting for effective management to improve their clinical outcomes.
Coronary subclavian steal syndrome due to thrombosis of the left subclavian artery aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Kiugel Max , Dabravolskaite Vaiva , Paana Tuomas , Helmiö Päivi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronary subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) is an often easily overlooked cause of angina that may occur after a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure. The onset of CSSS several years after coronary revascularization has been described in case reports, and in the few retrospective reviews that compare the endovascular approach with surgical treatment. Subclavian stenosis can naturally coincide with coronary artery disease and may already be present during the initial CABG.

Case summary
A 59-year-old male with a history of three-vessel disease who had a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) bypass graft, exhibited a gradual worsening of angina that coincided with numbness and impaired function of the left fingers, hand, and arm. Myocardial perfusion imaging showed reversible ischaemia, and coronary angiography suggested a thrombotic lesion proximal to the LIMA ostium. Calcified and partially thrombosed proximal left subclavian artery (LSA) aneurysm was visualized using computed tomography imaging, whereas Doppler ultrasound revealed a partially reversed vertebral flow. The lowest risk treatment was a bypass between the left common carotid artery and the LSA. The procedure was immediately successful, with cessation of symptoms and a favourable medium-term outcome.

Discussion
As no guidelines exist for such cases, the importance of multidisciplinary co-operation in diagnostics and devising a treatment plan is underlined. Moreover, screening for subclavian artery stenosis in CABG candidates should be warranted as part of the initial preoperative assessment.
Repetitive catamenial myocardial infarction due to coronary artery spasm: a case report
Authors: Talmor Nina , Gurin Michael , Smilowitz Nathaniel , Gossett Dana , Eisner Bruria , Pleasure Mitchell , Reynolds Harmony R 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery spasm is an established mechanism of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Various mechanisms have been proposed, ranging from vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity to endothelial dysfunction, to autonomic nervous system dysregulation.Case summaryWe report a case of a 37-year-old woman who presented with recurrent non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), coinciding with her menstrual periods. Intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing resulted in coronary spasm in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) that was relieved with nitroglycerine. Initiating calcium channel blockade and suppressing cyclical variation in sex hormones resulted in improvement of her symptoms and cessation of monthly NSTEMI events due to coronary spasm.DiscussionInitiating calcium channel blockade and suppressing cyclical variation in sex hormones resulted in improvement of her symptoms and cessation of monthly NSTEMI events due to coronary spasm. Catamenial coronary artery spasm is a rare, but clinically important, presentation of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA).
Leisure-time and competitive sport participation: a changing paradigm for HCM patients
Authors: Pelliccia Antonio , Day Sharlene , Olivotto Iacopo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHCM has long been considered the most frequent cause of death in athletes, and reason for disqualification from sport. However, our perception of the impact of sports on HCM is largely based on anecdotal evidence. In this review, we provide a reappraisal of current knowledge relative to (1) the impact of sport on LV remodelling, and (2) on the clinical outcome of HCM in athletes. (1) The limited available evidence argues against the hypothesis that intensive exercise conditioning may trigger and/or worsen the development of LV hypertrophy or cause changes in LV function in adult HCM athletes. (2) Recent observations challenge the concept of a detrimental effect of sport on HCM clinical course. The Reset-HCM study showed that 16-week moderate-intensity exercise resulted in a small, significant increase in exercise capacity and no adverse events. In a cohort of 88 low-risk HCM athletes followed for a 7-year period, survival analyses showed no difference in mortality between HCM who discontinued or pursued vigorous exercise programmes.Further reassurance was provided by the ICD Sports Safety Registry. Clinical implications: At present, patients’ attitude to sport participation is highly variable, based on social and legal backgrounds surrounding medical practice in different countries. The shared-decision-making as suggested by current US and European guidelines allows the physician to deliver a tailored and more liberal advice. Physicians should be aware of the changing paradigm relative to exercise and sport prescription for HCM and promote active lifestyle as an integral component of modern management of HCM patients.
Slingshot homolog-1 amplifies mitochondrial abnormalities by distinctly impairing health and clearance of mitochondria
Authors: Cazzaro Sara , Zhao Xingyu , Zhao Victoria K , Kim Yenna K , Woo Jung-A A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Accumulating toxic protein assemblies, including Aβ and tau, and dysfunctional mitochondria are associated with synaptic and neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Such accumulations are thought to be owing to clearance defects in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in AD brains and animal models at multiple levels, such as mitochondrial genomic mutations, disrupted bioenergetics, deregulated mitochondrial dynamics and impaired clearance of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy). Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) is a phosphatase activated by oxidative stress, high intracellular levels of Ca2+ and Aβ42 oligomers (Aβ42O), known for its function to dephosphorylate/activate cofilin through the N-terminal region. SSH1-mediated cofilin dephosphorylation results in Ab42O-induced severing of F-actin and translocation of cofilin to mitochondria, which promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, synaptic loss and synaptic deficits. On the other hand, SSH1-mediated dephosphorylation/deactivation of the autophagy-cargo receptor p62 (SQSTM1), through its C-terminal region, inhibits p62 autophagy flux. However, the interplay between these two different activities of SSH1 in Aβ42O-induced mitochondrial toxicity remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the role of endogenous SSH1 and different regions of SSH1 in regulating mitochondrial health, mitochondrial respiration, clearance of damaged mitochondria and synaptic integrity in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that SSH1 suppresses mitochondrial health and respiration through the cofilin-binding N-terminal region, whereas SSH1 impairs mitophagy through a newly identified ~ 100 residue p62-binding domain in the C-terminal region. These results indicate that both N-terminal and C-terminal regions negatively impact mitochondria by distinct and independent modalities to amplify mitochondrial abnormalities, making SSH1 an excellent target to mitigate AD pathogenesis.
Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria: implications and management
Authors: Mason C Y , Sobti A , Goodman A L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Staphylococcus aureus is isolated in around 0.2%–4% of positive urinary cultures, more commonly in the contexts of long-term care, urological abnormalities and procedures, male sex, older age and comorbidities. Isolation may represent contamination, colonization, urinary tract infection or bacteraemic seeding from another site, and may be linked to S. aureus bacteraemia. However, there is little guidance on investigation and management of S. aureus bacteriuria. We performed a retrospective analysis of cases in our service, including clinical characteristics, investigations and treatment.

Methods
Data were collected on all urine samples taken from adult patients over a 5-year period from which S. aureus was isolated. Detailed analysis including investigations and management was conducted in those collected over a 1-year period.

Results
From 511 patients, 668 urine cultures positive for S. aureus were identified; 6.5% of cases were positive for MRSA. Of 93 patients who had blood cultures taken, there were 6 cases of S. aureus bacteraemia, 4 of which were associated with urological instrumentation. Of 94 cases analysed in detail, 57% were treated with antibiotics, and 49% had repeat urine cultures. Factors associated with recurrence were urinary catheterization, urological abnormality, diabetes and inpatient status.

Conclusions
Our experience does not support the routine taking of blood cultures or treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in well patients with S. aureus bacteriuria in this setting. However, repeat urine culture, and investigation and treatment of higher risk patients, for example, prior to bladder instrumentation, may be warranted. We propose a simple algorithm to guide clinicians.
The role of hospital antimicrobial and infectious diseases pharmacists in the UK: a theoretically underpinned exploration
Authors: Micallef C , Enoch D A , Kamranpour P , Santos R , Tyler N , Scott S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to characterise the role of hospital infection pharmacists in the UK and to understand the core challenges being faced, future role development desires and the required support to address these.

Methods
We developed a questionnaire underpinned by the theoretical domains framework exploring the barriers and enablers to pharmacists fulfilling their perceived roles and responsibilities. Any pharmacist whose role included ‘specialist antimicrobial’ or ‘infectious diseases’ was invited to complete a questionnaire sent via national infection and pharmacy groups/networks. Descriptive statistics were used to report responses to each item, and a content analysis was undertaken to summarize the key messages from an extended response option.

Results
Of the 102 respondents, 91 (89.2%) were from English hospitals. Fifty-three (52%) were from district general hospitals and 45 (45.1%) from teaching hospitals. Most (97, 95%) respondents were of a senior grade. The need for a comprehensive educational programme, recognition of research as core to the role and integration with infection/microbiology departments were key requirements along with protected time to engage with the activities. Highlights of the role were opportunities to teach, making a significant contribution to patient care and scope to contribute to strategy and vision. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted on respondents’ capacity to undertake their perceived roles and responsibilities.

Conclusions
Our study delineates the need for UK infection and pharmacy policy makers to review hospital infection pharmacist developmental pathways and roles. Joint learning, and closer working, with infection/microbiology departments may be an efficient strategy to address the issues raised.
A Turn of the Tables: Psychological Contracts and Word of Mouth about Sharing Economy Platforms When Consumers Get Reviewed
Authors: Rifkin Laura Schrier , Kirk Colleen P , Corus Canan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Peer-to-Peer sector of the sharing economy relies on reputation systems through which consumers and providers review each other. Whereas prior research has examined the effects of reviews by consumers on providers and firms, this research examines, for the first time, a turn of the tables in which consumers are evaluated. Across a pilot and seven studies (five preregistered), using multiple actual behaviors and sharing contexts, results reveal that a negative review of the consumer from the peer provider leads to negative word of mouth (NWOM) about the platform. Drawing from psychological contract theory, the research demonstrates that this effect is mediated by consumers' perceived betrayal by the platform. Two sets of moderators are identified. The first set establishes that a breach of consumers' psychological contract with the platform underlies the effect. In the second set, platform policies that may render a breach more or less consequential can intensify or mitigate consumer reactions. Specifically, making the review private (vs. public) and providing opportunities for justice restoration (response, revenge, and dispute) attenuate the effect of review valence on betrayal and NWOM. Implications for sharing economy platform managers and consumers are discussed.