bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune memory to a nonmitogenic, thymic independent antigen in mice: variation among inbred strains and possible relationship to oncogenesis.
Authors: Schott C F , Lizzio E F , Inman J K , Merchant B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immune memory to DNP-Ficoll, a nonmitogenic, thymic-independent (TI-2) antigen, was demonstrated in several inbred strains of mice. Direct and indirect splenic plaque-forming cell responses were measured in mice given a secondary challenge with DNP-Ficoll and in appropriate control mice. Strong IgM memory, but no IgG memory, was observed in SJL/J, AKR/J, and C58/J mice. C57L/J mice gave both a strong IgM memory response and a relatively strong IgG memory response to DNP-Ficoll. C57BL/6N, C57BR/cdJ, and A/HeJ mice were unable to mount significant IgM or IgG memory responses to this antigen under an identical immunization schedule. These results are indicative of marked genetic variation in mice in the capacity for B memory cell expression. They also identify a provocative but unexplained association between positive IgM memory responses to DNP-Ficoll in SJL/J, AKR/J, and C58/J mice and a propensity to develop lymphoreticular neoplasia. This association is observed when there is no clear evidence for IgG memory.
T lymphocytes of young and aged rats. I. Distribution, density, and capping of T antigens.
Authors: Gilman S C , Woda B A , Feldman J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The distribution, density, and capping of the T cell antigens W3/13, W3/25, and Thy-1 were studied in lymphocytes of young (3 to 4 mo) and aged (greater than or equal to 27 mo) Brown Norway (BN) rats. The total number of W3/13, W3/25, and Thy-1 positive cells and the percentage of Thy-1 positive cells are reduced in the spleens and lymph nodes of aged rats. Analysis of spleen and lymph node cells in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter indicated that with ageing there is a loss of moderately and brightly stained W3/13 and W3/25 positive cells. The density of W3/13, W3/25, and Thy-1 is reduced on spleen and lymph node cells of old rats. The rate of capping of all 3 molecules is diminished on "old" cells. Colchicine treatment of young cells enhanced capping of all 3 molecules and allowed capping of W3/13 by a single ligand. However, capping on "old" lymphocytes was not affected by colchicine treatment. Cytochalasin D inhibited capping to the same extent on young and "old" cells. These results suggest that the membrane composition and cytoskeleton are altered in T lymphocytes of aged rats.
The murine B cell repertoire responsive to an influenza-infected syngeneic cell line.
Authors: Wylie D E , Klinman N R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The conditions for eliciting monoclonal B cell responses to an influenza-infected syngeneic tumor cell line were defined. Although the infected tumor cell stimulated vigorous responses, few clones recognized tumor antigens, whereas over 90% of the monoclonal antibodies recognized viral antigens expressed on the surface of infected tumor cells. Approximately one-third of the virus-specific antibodies reacted with the viral hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase, and the remainder recognized antigens found on the surface of infected cells but not on the virion or uninfected cells. The majority of the antibodies reactive with the virion recognized HA determinants, whereas few reacted with the neuraminidase. Subsequent analysis revealed that most neuraminidase determinants exposed on the intact virion were not available on the surface of infected cells. In contrast, the majority of the HA determinants expressed on the virion were also available on the surface membranes of infected cells, and a highly diverse set of antibodies recognized the HA expressed either on the virion or on the infected cell surface. Finally, differences were noted in the heavy chain isotype of antibodies produced in response to infected cells vs purified virus. A majority of monoclonal responses to purified influenza virus included IgA antibodies, whereas responses to infected cells showed less IgA and a concomitant increase in clones expressing IgG.
Lysis of human solid tumors by autologous cells sensitized in vitro to alloantigens.
Authors: Strausser J L , Mazumder A , Grimm E A , Lotze M T , Rosenberg S A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human lymphocytes sensitized in vitro to allogeneic single-donor cells as well as to pools of allogeneic donor cells were evaluated for their cytotoxic potential against autologous fresh solid tumor cells, autologous tissue-cultured tumor and fibroblasts, fresh peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBL), and Con A blasts of PBL. Using 4-hr 51Cr release assays, pool-sensitized effector cells lysed autologous tissue-cultured tumor and fibroblast targets in 4 of 4 experiments. Similarly, in 2 of 2 experiments with single-donor allosensitized effectors, autologous tissue-cultured tumor was lysed. No lysis of fresh PBL was seen. Significant lysis of fresh autologous tumor target cells was seen in 10 of 12 experiments with pool-sensitized effectors, though, again, no lysis of autologous PBL was observed. No lysis of autologous Con A blasts was seen in 2 of 2 experiments. Fresh tumor cells, PBL, and Con A blasts appeared equally lysable, since they were equally lysed by effector cells specifically sensitized to alloantigens present on these cells. Cold target inhibition studies demonstrated that cultured tumor and fibroblasts but not PBL shared the determinants recognized by pool-sensitized cells.
Alternative complement pathway-dependent ingestion of fluolite particles by human granulocytes.
Authors: Arnaout M A , Luscinskas F W , Lionetti F J , Alper C A , Valeri C R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fluorescent particles (Fluolite) with an average size of 0.1 micrometers were ingested by human granulocytes after incubation in fresh normal human serum (NHS). Ingestion was assessed by visual counting in a fluorescent microscope of cells containing particles. Ingestion required fresh normal serum and did not occur when serum was heated for 30 min at 50 degrees C or in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It did not occur in serum genetically deficient in C3b inactivator or in C3. Phagocytic activity was restored to C3-deficient serum by purified human C3 and to heat inactivated serum by purified factor B. Opsonic activity was present in NHS containing 5 mM Mg++ and 10 mM ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA) and in human serum genetically deficient in human C components C2 and C5. Agammaglobulinemic sera had normal opsonic activity. Opsonization of particles in this system is mediated through the alternative pathway of C activation, and its measurement serves as a simple quantitative functional assay for this system.
The molecular mechanism of cryoprecipitation and cold agglutination of an IgM lambda Waldenström macroglobulin with anti-Gd specificity: sedimentation analysis and localization of interacting sites.
Authors: Weber R J , Clem L W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The physicochemical properties and immunologic specificity of an IgM lambda cryoglobulin with cold agglutinin activity (designated MAT) were investigated. Discrete binding sites involved in cryoprecipitation were shown to exist on the reductive 7S subunits and tryptic Fab mu and Fc mu 5 fragments derived from MAT. Analytical ultracentrifugation indicated the nonprecipitating MAT subunits self-associated into rapidly sedimenting paucidisperse boundaries of 32S, 25S, and 8.7S at 13 degrees C, which were converted to a monodisperse 5.7S boundary at 35 degrees C. Furthermore, MAT Fab mu and Fc mu 5 fragments exhibited association with each other at 13 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C when studied by analytical ultracentrifugation. The cold agglutinin activity of MAT can be inhibited by sialyllactose or treatment of erythrocytes with neuraminidase but not papain. Therefore, the membrane determinants of human erythrocytes are Gd (glycolipid-dependent or protease-resistant glycoproteins) with terminal sialic acid. Treatment of MAT with neuraminidase abolished its precipitating properties, but had no effect on its ability to agglutinate untreated erythrocytes. The cryoprecipitation and cold agglutination phenomena exhibited by MAT therefore seem to involve identical or cross-reacting carbohydrate antigens with terminal sialic acid residues.
Modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity. II. Participation of Ly 1+ and Ly 2+ T lymphocytes in the suppression of granuloma formation and lymphokine production in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice.
Authors: Chensue S W , Wellhausen S R , Boros D L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The regulatory mechanism(s) active in the spontaneous suppression of parasite egg-induced granulomatous response was analyzed in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. A single injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) given to chronically infected mice with diminished granulomas and impaired ability to produce MIF restored the enhanced granulomatous response and lymphokine production by spleen cells. Drug-treated animals also showed a rise in the level of circulating anti-egg antigen antibody. After CY treatment, spleen cells were still capable of adoptively suppressing the vigorous granulomatous response and MIF production in acutely infected recipients. Adoptive suppression, however, was abrogated when spleen cells of chronically infected mice were pretreated with anti-Lyt 1.1 alloantiserum and C before transfer. Based on the present and previous observations, it is proposed that the modulated granulomatous inflammatory response in mice with chronic infection is maintained by a dynamic equilibrium between effector and regulator lymphocytes. Although the inflammation is maintained by Ly 1+ Ia- TDH cells, the intensity of the response is regulated by Ly 1+ Ia+ TH, Ly 2+ Ia+ Ts and possibly a putative precursor population of lymphocytes.
Studies on Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigen-antibody system. II. P-B antigens in extracts of lymphoma-leukemia spleens and pathologic sera.
Authors: Masaki M , Kano K , Merrick J M , Milgrom F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preparations obtained by the chloroform-methanol extraction procedure from spleen tissues of patients with Hodgkin's disease, lymphomas, and leukemias, as well as from peripheral blood buffy coat of infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients were studied for the presence of 2 Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigens; BS antigen shared by bovine red blood cells (BRBC) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and another, B antigen characteristic for BRBC. Both BS and B antigens were demonstrated by means of agglutination inhibition tests in over 40% of these extracts. None of the extracts from spleens, tonsils, and buffy coat of apparently normal human beings contained these antigens. P-B antigens of lymphoma-leukemia extracts were further purified by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The purified fractions of some of these spleen extracts formed a precipitation line with IM sera, which merged into a reaction of identity with the lines formed by P-B antigens of BRBC. In studying various pathologic sera, B antigen was detected in sera of 28% of lymphoma-leukemia patients, 15% of patients with carcinomas of internal organs, and 3% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. On the other hand, BS antigen was found in only 3% of lymphoma-leukemia sera. These results confirmed our previous observations and indicated that both BS and B antigens are expressed as neoantigens on the patient's spleen cells as a result of pathologic processes in lymphoreticular malignancies.
Lectin(s) extracted from seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit): potent and selective stimulator(s) of distinct human T and B cell functions.
Authors: Bunn-Moreno M M , Campos-Neto A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A lectin activity that selectively induces different functions of human lymphocytes has been described in a PBS crude extract obtained from the seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit). Both unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified T cells are strongly stimulated to proliferate by this extract, whereas purified B cells are not. However, the lectin induced a potent polyclonal activation of B cells measured by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay using a multivalent anti-human Fab antibody.
HLA-A,B antigens Ia-like antigens, and tumor-associated antigens on prostate carcinoma cell lines: serologic and immunochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Ng A K , Pellegrino M A , Imai K , Ferrone S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Serologic and immunochemical analysis of the antigenic profile of the 2 human prostate carcinoma cell lines DU-145 and H494 with a battery of monoclonal antibodies has shown that both cell lines express HLA-A,B alloantigens and the 94,000 m.w. tumor-associated glycoprotein recognized by the monoclonal antibody 376.96S. In addition, the cell line H494 unexpectedly expresses Ia-like antigens, which are similar in their antigenic profile and structure to B lymphoid cell derived Ia-like antigens. Both Ia-like antigens and tumor-associated antigens can function as targets of cell-dependent lysis mediated by the corresponding monoclonal antibodies.
Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgE. VI. Suppressive effect of glucocorticoids on the expression of Fc epsilon receptors and glycosylation of IgE-binding factors.
Authors: Yodoi J , Hirashima M , Ishizaka K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Incubation of rat lymphocytes with homologous IgE induced an increase in Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes and the formation of IgE-binding factors. Pretreatment of rat lymphocytes with 1 to 5 microM dexamethasone, however, prevented the IgE-induced expression of Fc epsilon R on both B and T lymphocytes. Upon incubation with IgE, T cells activated with 10 micrograms/ml Con A produced IgE-potentiating factors that had affinity for lentil lectin and selectively enhanced the IgE response. Pretreatment of the Con A-activated T cells with dexamethasone, before incubation with IgE, changed the nature of IgE-binding factors formed by the cells. The majority of IgE-binding factors formed by the dexamethasone-treated, Con A-activated cells failed to bind lentil lectin Sepharose and selectively suppressed the IgE response. An injection of 0.2 mg dexamethasone into rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis markedly diminished the proportion of Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes in their mesenteric lymph nodes. The lymph node cells from the infected animals spontaneously released IgE-potentiating factors in vitro. However, the majority of IgE-binding factors formed by the mesenteric lymph node cells from the dexamethasone-treated, Nb-infected animals lacked affinity for lentil lectin and selectively suppressed the IgE response. The results indicate that glucocorticoid treatment prevented the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors and thereby changed the biologic activities of the factors.
Membrane sialoglycolipids emerging as possible signal transducers for lymphocyte stimulation.
Authors: Spiegel S , Wilchek M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Biotin hydrazide was attached covalently to the aldehyde groups produced by periodate oxidation of bovine brain gangliosides. These modified gangliosides were incorporated into mature rat thymocytes by incubation of the biotinyl gangliosides in the culture medium containing these cells. Avidin, which binds strongly to biotin, agglutinated and stimulated DNA synthesis in thymocytes containing the incorporated biotin-tagged gangliosides. Avidin has no mitogenic effect on normal thymocytes or on cells that incorporate unmodified gangliosides. With fluoresceinated avidin, the incorporated biotinyl gangliosides are shown to be laterally redistributed into patches and caps. These results imply that gangliosides may be involved in transmembrane communication during lymphocyte stimulation.
Antigen-specific helper factors present in the supernatant of concanavalin A-induced spleen cell cultures.
Authors: Kilburn D G , Anaka R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The supernatants from cultures of concanavalin A-induced spleen cells contained both antigen-specific and nonspecific (Interleukin 2) helper factors (Hf). The antigen-specific factor could be isolated from the supernatant by adsorption onto and elution from antigen-Sepharose immunoadsorbents. Specific Hf was produced in cultures of either immune or nonimmune spleen cells although in the latter case the quantity of Hf was significantly less. The specific Hf did not manifest the thymocyte stimulatory property of 112.
The parallel, time-dependent, bimodal change in lymphocyte cholinergic binding activity and cholinergic influence upon lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity after lymphocyte activation.
Authors: Strom T B , Lane M A , George K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The potent muscarinic cholinergic antagonist 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate has been used to detect muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on rodent and human lymphocytes. Binding to B lymphocytes was minimal and was not saturable or ligand specific. Half-maximal binding of (3H)-quinuclidinyl benzilate to T lymphocytes occurred at concentrations comparable to those described in other systems, and was displaceable at physiologic concentrations by muscarinic but not nicotinic agonists and antagonists. Binding to T lymphocytes was both saturable and specific, and was found to rapidly increase significantly after mitogen activation. Activation of T lymphocytes or the Lyt 1+ subset produces an early increase and later fall in muscarinic binding, and the ability od cholinergic agonists to augment the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes harvested from alloimmune rat spleen is directly related to the magnitude of muscarinic binding.
Activation of macrophages for tumor cell cytotoxicity: identification of indomethacin sensitive and insensitive pathways.
Authors: Drysdale B E , Shin H S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Macrophages can be activated for tumor cell cytotoxicity by endotoxin- or lymphokine-containing solutions, and in both cases activation can be blocked by the addition of indomethacin. In contrast, the activation of macrophages by nonadherent or inflammatory peritoneal cells or antibody-coated tumor cells is not affected by indomethacin. These results demonstrate that there are at least 2 distinct pathways of macrophage activation, only 1 of which is affected by the addition of the drug. Activation by endotoxin that is indomethacin sensitive requires 2 steps. At present, the first is undefined and not blocked by indomethacin, but the second is inhibited by the drug and appears to require the production of E series prostaglandins. Our results also suggest that neither step alone is sufficient to activate macrophages for cytotoxicity.
Amyloidosis in (CBA/J X A/J)F2 mice: correlation of amyloid resistance and low mitogenic response to concanavalin A.
Authors: Wohlgethan J R , Cathcart E S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A/J mice are highly resistant to induction of amyloidosis with serial injections of azocasein, compared to the CBA/J strain. (CBA X A) F2 hybrid mice were treated with azocasein, after spleen biopsy for assay of 3 immunologic functions differing in the parent strains. The proportions of amyloid susceptibility and resistance in the hybrid population conformed to the expectations for a single gene. Low responses to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A correlated with resistance to amyloid induction, whereas the response to lipopolysaccharide and the level of natural killer activity were independent of susceptibility to amyloidosis.
A differentiation antigen of human NK and K cells identified by a monoclonal antibody (HNK-1).
Authors: Abo T , Balch C M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A monoclonal IgM antibody (HNK-1) was produced against a membrane antigen from the cultured T cell line, HSB-2. By indirect immunofluorescence, this antibody reacted with certain human cultured T cell lines (HSB-2 and MOLT-4 but not MOLT-3) but not with other lines of B cell or phagocytic cell origin. HNK-1 reacted with 15.1 +/- 7.1% of normal blood lymphocytes but was unreactive with monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. HNK-1+ cells separated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) were a homogeneous population of medium sized lymphocytes with abundant neutrophilic cytoplasm containing azurophilic granules. HNK-1+ cells were nonadherent, surface Ig-, mostly FcIgG receptor+ and both positive and negative for demonstrable sheep erythrocyte (E) rosetting capability. Cell suspensions enriched for E-rosetting T cells and depleted of FcIgG receptor+ cells contained few (6%) HNK-1+ cells. Depletion of HNK-1+ cells from blood mononuclear cell populations by complement (C) mediated lysis greatly reduced NK activity against K-562 target cells and K cell lytic activity against antibody-coated chicken red blood cells. Treatment with HNK-1 alone or C alone did not affect these activities. When the FACS was utilized to separate HNK-1+ and HNK-1- cells from 6 individuals, the HNK-1+ cell population contained almost all of the NK and K cell function. The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 thus defines the first differentiation antigen shown to be selectively expressed on human NK and K cells.
Induction of complement receptor expression in cell lines derived from human undifferentiated lymphomas. II. Characterization of the induced complement receptors and demonstration of the simultaneous induction of EBV receptor.
Authors: Magrath I , Freeman C , Santaella M , Gadek J , Frank M , Spiegel R , Novikovs L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have studied the specificity of complement receptors induced by theophylline in 2 cell lines derived from undifferentiated lymphomas, one of Burkitt's type, and compared it to that of complement receptors in other cell types. Both C3b and C3d receptors were induced. The induced C3b receptor differed from the C3b receptor of mature normal lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the cells of a nodular lymphoma in 2 respects. Firstly, it bound C3b much less avidly (by a factor of several hundred-fold) and secondly, we were unable to demonstrate C4b binding. EBV receptors were induced at the same time as complement receptors, and permitted the conversion of a greater fraction of cells to EBNA positivity after experimental infection with EBV. The induction of receptors was not associated with a change in the fluidity of the plasma membranes and our data do not favor a different orientation of induced receptors within the membrane as compared to receptors of other cell types--a potential explanation for the different specificities. Our findings are consistent with the possibility that the complement receptors of lymphocyte precursors differ from these of mature lymphocytes.
Order of events leading to surface immunoglobulin capping: analysis of a transmembrane signal.
Authors: Young-Karlan B R , Ashman R F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Capping provides a rapid assay for the transduction of 1 type of membrane signal generated by the cross-linking of cell surface receptors. The order of the steps comprising this signal was determined by employing reversible inhibitors of lymphocyte surface Ig capping in a sequential incubation protocol. The results demonstrated that surface Ig cross-linking leads to capping by a linear series of discrete events. Although the steps inhibited by the calcium ionophore A23187 and the tranquilizer chlorpromazine could not be distinguished, other agents also thought to influence calcium distribution in the cell acted at different steps. The order of inhibited steps was shown to be: 1) hydrocortisone; 2) calcium ionophore or chlorpromazine; 3) cytochalasins; 4) dibucaine; 5) propranolol; 6) fluoride; 7) azide. These results suggest a model wherein cross-linked membrane Ig aggregates engage the preassembled microfilament system by means of a calcium-dependent linkage. Further calcium redistribution within the cell then leads to an energy-consuming contractile event.