bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering risk professionals' intentions to use artificial intelligence: empirical evidence from the Italian setting
Authors: Ferri Luca , Maffei Marco , Spanò Rosanna , Zagaria Claudia 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study aims to ascertain the intentions of risk managers to use artificial intelligence in performing their tasks by examining the factors affecting their motivation.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs an integrated theoretical framework that merges the third version of the technology acceptance model 3 (TAM3) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) based on the application of the structural equation model with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) estimation on data gathered through a Likert-based questionnaire disseminated among Italian risk managers. The survey reached 782 people working as risk professionals, but only 208 provided full responses. The final response rate was 26.59%.FindingsThe findings show that social influence, perception of external control and risk perception are the main predictors of risk professionals' intention to use artificial intelligence. Moreover, performance expectancy (PE) and effort expectancy (EE) of risk professionals in relation to technology implementation and use also appear to be reasonably reliable predictors.Research limitations/implicationsThus, the study offers a precious contribution to the debate on the impact of automation and disruptive technologies in the risk management domain. It complements extant studies by tapping into cultural issues surrounding risk management and focuses on the mostly overlooked dimension of individuals.Originality/valueYet, thanks to its quite novel theoretical approach; it also extends the field of studies on artificial intelligence acceptance by offering fresh insights into the perceptions of risk professionals and valuable practical and policymaking implications.
Bricolage as an expression of self and of cultural and familial foodways among people living in prison—‘You make what you can with anything you can get’
Authors: Woods‐Brown Clair , Hunt Kate , Sweeting Helen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, we use Lévi‐Strauss’s (1962, The savage mind, University of Chicago Press) concept of ‘bricolage’ to explore informal food preparation among men in Scottish prisons. The art of ‘making do with whatever is at hand’, in innovative and creative ways, to give new functions to everyday items has recently been reimagined and applied to the field of food. It has been used to explore the practice of informal food networks in resource poor environments; investigate how small food businesses come up with new and innovative recipes ideas; and study the way Michelin‐starred chefs responded to the COVID‐19 pandemic through philanthropic activities. Our aim is to use bricolage as a lens through which to answer questions about whether more autonomy over food might contribute to overall health and wellbeing in prisons. Drawing on in‐depth empirical data from qualitative interviews with 20 men in Scottish prisons, we explore how bricolage is used to escape the monotony of prison‐issued meals and the tedium of the prison regime; counter threats to self and identity; create and maintain social relationships through joint enterprise and commensality; and create culinary experiences that afford a sense of control and normality in an environment synonymous with ‘spoiled identity’ (Goffman, 1961, Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates, Penguin.).
HemiPy: A Python module for automated estimation of forest biophysical variables and uncertainties from digital hemispherical photographs
Authors: Brown Luke A. , Morris Harry , Leblanc Sylvain , Bai Gabriele , Lanconelli Christian , Gobron Nadine , Meier Courtney , Dash Jadunandan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Digital hemispherical photography (DHP) is widely used to derive forest biophysical variables including leaf, plant, and green area index (LAI, PAI and GAI), the fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (FIPAR), and the fraction of vegetation cover (FCOVER). However, the majority of software packages for processing DHP data are based on a graphical user interface, making programmatic analysis difficult. Meanwhile, few natively support analysis of RAW image formats, while none incorporate the propagation or provision of uncertainties.

To address these limitations, we present HemiPy, an open‐source Python module for deriving forest biophysical variables and uncertainties from DHP images in an automated manner. We assess HemiPy using simulated hemispherical images, in addition to multiannual time‐series and litterfall data from several forested National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites, as well as comparison against the CAN‐EYE software package.

Multiannual time‐series of PAI, FIPAR and FCOVER demonstrate HemiPy's outputs realistically represent expected temporal patterns. Comparison against litterfall data reveals reasonable accuracies are achievable, with RMSE values close to the error of ~1 unit typically attributed to optical LAI measurement approaches. HemiPy's PAI, FIPAR and FCOVER outputs demonstrate good agreement with CAN‐EYE. Consistent with previous studies, when compared to simulated hemispherical images, better agreement is observed for PAI derived using gap fraction near the hinge angle of 57.5° only, as opposed to values derived using gap fraction over a wider range of zenith angles.

HemiPy should prove a useful tool for processing DHP images, and its open‐source nature means that it can be adopted, extended and further refined by the user community.
Autoreactive IgE: Pathogenic role and therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Charles Nicolas , Kortekaas‐Krohn Inge , Kocaturk Emek , Scheffel Jörg , Altrichter Sabine , Steinert Carolin , Xiang Yi‐Kui , Gutermuth Jan , Reber Laurent L. , Maurer Marcus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAutoimmunity is the break of tolerance to self‐antigens that leads to organ‐specific or systemic diseases often characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoreactive antibodies (AAb) produced by plasmablast and/or plasma cells. AAb are prevalent in the general population and not systematically associated with clinical symptoms. In contrast, in some individuals, these AAb are pathogenic and drive the development of signs and symptoms of antibody‐mediated autoimmune diseases (AbAID). AAb production, isotype profiles, and glycosylations are promoted by pro‐inflammatory triggers linked to genetic, environmental, and hormonal parameters. Recent evidence supports a role for pathogenic AAb of the IgE isotype in a number of AbAID. Autoreactive IgE can drive the activation of mast cells, basophils, and other types of FcεRI‐bearing cells and may play a role in promoting autoantibody production and other pro‐inflammatory pathways. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the pathogenicity of autoreactive IgE in AbAID and their status as therapeutic targets. We also highlight unresolved issues including the need for assays that reproducibly quantify IgE AAbs, to validate their diagnostic and prognostic value, and to further study their pathophysiological contributions to AbAID.
Does fetal size affect maternal perception of fetal movements? Evidence from an individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Thompson John M. D. , Heazell Alexander E. P. , Cronin Robin S. , Wilson Jessica , Li Minglan , Gordon Adrienne , Askie Lisa M. , O'Brien Louise M. , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Stacey Tomasina , Mitchell Edwin A. , McCowan Lesley M. E. , Bradford Billie F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionMaternal perception of fetal movements during pregnancy are reassuring; however, the perception of a reduction in movements are concerning to women and known to be associated with increased odds of late stillbirth. Prior to full term, little evidence exists to provide guidelines on how to proceed unless there is an immediate risk to the fetus. Increased strength of movement is the most commonly reported perception of women through to full term, but perception of movement is also hypothesized to be influenced by fetal size. The study aimed to assess the pattern of maternal perception of strength and frequency of fetal movement by gestation and customized birthweight quartile in ongoing pregnancies. A further aim was to assess the association of stillbirth to perception of fetal movements stratified by customized birthweight quartile.Material and methodsThis analysis was an individual participant data meta‐analyses of five case–control studies investigating factors associated with stillbirth. The dataset included 851 cases of women with late stillbirth (>28 weeks' gestation) and 2257 women with ongoing pregnancies who then had a liveborn infant.ResultsThe frequency of prioritized fetal movement from 28 weeks' gestation showed a similar pattern for each quartile of birthweight with increased strength being the predominant perception of fetal movement through to full term. The odds of stillbirth associated with reduced fetal movements was increased in all quartiles of customized birthweight centiles but was notably greater in babies in the lowest two quartiles (Q1: adjusted OR: 9.34, 95% CI: 5.43, 16.06 and Q2: adjusted OR: 6.11, 95% CI: 3.11, 11.99). The decreased odds associated with increased strength of movement was present for all customized birthweight quartiles (adjusted OR range: 0.25–0.56).ConclusionsIncreased strength of fetal movements in late pregnancy is a positive finding irrespective of fetal size. However, reduced fetal movements are associated with stillbirth, and more so when the fetus is small.
How to convince the vaccine‐hesitant? An ease‐of‐access nudge, but not risk‐related information increased Covid vaccination‐related behaviors in the unvaccinated
Authors: Giese Helge , Neth Hansjörg , Wegwarth Odette , Gaissmaier Wolfgang , Stok F. Marijn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we contrast how different benefit and harm information formats and the presence or absence of an ease‐of‐access nudge may facilitate COVID vaccination uptake for a sample of 620 unvaccinated Dutch adults at a timepoint when the vaccine had been widely available for more than a month. Using a 2 × 2 between‐subjects factorial design, we varied the information format on mRNA COVID vaccination statistics (generic text vs. facts box) and an affirmative nudge emphasizing the ease of making a vaccination appointment (absent vs. present). We assessed the acceptance of the vaccination information provided, perceptions on the vaccination, and whether participants directly visited a COVID vaccination appointment website. Whereas the facts box did not significantly affect participants' information acceptance, vaccination attitudes, intentions, and link clicking, the affirmative nudge alongside an online link systematically increased the likelihood of clicking on the link to make a vaccination appointment. A verbal nudge emphasizing the ease of vaccine accessibility is more likely to increase vaccination uptake in an unvaccinated population than informational campaigns on vaccine effectiveness.
Restoration of invaded temperate grasslands: species phenology adds to microsite and seed availability
Authors: Molina Cecilia D. , Tognetti Pedro M. , Graff Pamela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuestionsRestoring diversity in temperate grasslands requires eliminating invaders and recovering different native phenological groups. Clipping and seed addition promote native grass recovery, but these effects could depend on the phenological overlap between invaders and native species. We evaluated the importance of the interaction between two types of clipping, species phenology and sowing to restore temperate grasslands invaded by the cool‐season forage species Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue).LocationFlooding Pampa grassland (Buenos Aires, Argentina).MethodsWe applied selective and non‐selective clipping on tall fescue during the peak growing season, combined with the sowing of native cool‐ and warm‐season grasses. Plant species cover was estimated visually for 3 years; species were categorized by functional groups. Moreover, through emergence trials, we evaluated whether the soil seed bank had been impoverished by invasion.ResultsRegardless of selectivity, clipping decreased tall fescue cover by 12%/year, which reduced microsite limitation. Consequently, total native richness increased by 5 spp./year and cover increased from 3% to 50% by the last experimental year, independent of clipping type. Moreover, native warm‐season grasses, the group with the least phenological overlap with invaders, increased by nearly 25% in cover and by 5 spp./m2 with clipping and independently of sowing. Contrarily, native cool‐season grasses, with more phenological overlap with invaders, increased 5% with propagule addition. Furthermore, the seed bank was enriched with tall fescue and depleted of cool‐season grasses.ConclusionsOur results reveal that overcoming microsite limitation is a necessary condition to restore plant diversity in grassland invaded by tall fescue. Nevertheless, seed limitation and phenological overlap may be particularly important to restore the diversity of some native functional groups of plants. Considering the phenology of species can help to identify either clipping targets or phenological groups to be sown when restoring native diversity.
Disability and trade union membership in the UK
Authors: Jones Melanie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing data from two national surveys, the Quarterly Labour Force Survey and the Workplace Employment Relations Survey, we establish evidence of a robust disability‐related trade union membership differential in the UK. After controlling for differences in other personal and work‐related characteristics, disabled employees are found to be 3.6 percentage points (12–14 per cent) more likely to be union members than non‐disabled employees. While the differential is consistent with evidence that disabled employees have stronger preferences for union representation, we do not find evidence that union membership is associated with disproportionate benefits for disabled employees in terms of a reduction in disability‐related labour market inequality.
Evaluating the performance of large language models: ChatGPT and Google Bard in generating differential diagnoses in clinicopathological conferences of neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Martin Nicholas B. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study explores the utility of the large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT and Google Bard, in predicting neuropathologic diagnoses from clinical summaries. A total of 25 cases of neurodegenerative disorders presented at Mayo Clinic brain bank Clinico‐Pathological Conferences were analyzed. The LLMs provided multiple pathologic diagnoses and their rationales, which were compared with the final clinical diagnoses made by physicians. ChatGPT‐3.5, ChatGPT‐4, and Google Bard correctly made primary diagnoses in 32%, 52%, and 40% of cases, respectively, while correct diagnoses were included in 76%, 84%, and 76% of cases, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT in neuropathology, suggesting they may facilitate more comprehensive discussions in clinicopathological conferences.
Se nourrir autrement : quelle différence dans l'accès aux systèmes alimentaires alternatifs selon la taille de la ville et ses conditions géographiques?
Authors: Cantin Lafrance Mélodie , Pham Thi‐Thanh‐Hiên 
Published: August 2023

RésuméLes systèmes alimentaires alternatifs (SAA), reconnus pour leurs circuits alimentaires réduits, aux retombées positives pour la santé, l'environnement et les communautés locales, offriraient une alternative au système conventionnel en aliments de qualité. Cependant, plusieurs études s'interrogent sur l'accessibilité aux SAA, notamment quand l'insécurité alimentaire persiste dans de nombreuses communautés en Amérique du Nord. Cet article étudie l'accessibilité aux SAA chez les populations à plus faible revenu en prenant en compte le contexte urbain, notamment l'environnement alimentaire et la proximité aux zones de production. Utilisant les cas d'un arrondissement de Montréal et de la ville moyenne de Victoriaville (Québec), nous avons employé une méthodologie mixte combinant la cartographie, l'observation de l'environnement alimentaire ainsi que des entretiens semi‐dirigés. Nous montrons que le prix des SAA est influencé par des facteurs propres à chaque territoire tels que la temporalité, les rapports aux aliments et à l'agriculture et la proximité des producteur·rice·s. Les deux cas se distinguent également par leur façon de (re)connecter aux producteur·rice·s agricoles. Ces résultats pourraient contribuer à optimiser les politiques publiques qui misent sur l'accès à des aliments de qualité et ainsi rendre les SAA plus accessibles.
Impact of COVID‐19 on clinical practice of UK‐based speech and language therapists working with school‐aged children with neurodisability and oropharyngeal dysphagia: A survey
Authors: Morgan Sally , Weir Kelly A. , Mulligan Kathleen , Jacobs Sonja , Hilari Katerina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic and response changed clinical service delivery and practice for speech and language therapists (SLTs) in the United Kingdom. SLTs work with children with neurodisability regarding both difficulties with their communication and eating and drinking skills (oropharyngeal dysphagia). This survey aimed to specifically explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on SLT practice for school‐aged children with dysphagia.MethodsUK‐based SLTs working with school‐aged children with neurodisability and oropharyngeal dysphagia were recruited to share their perceptions on the impact of COVID‐19 on practice. Four questions focusing on COVID‐19 impact were part of a larger online survey exploring SLT clinical practice regarding mealtime management of children with neurodisability and oropharyngeal dysphagia, which included demographic information, service delivery, assessment and intervention practices. COVID‐19 impact questions were a mixture of multiple choice and free text responses. The survey was disseminated using professional networks and social media, between 14 May and 30 July 2021. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.ResultsOne hundred and two participants answered at least one of the four COVID‐19 questions. Eighty‐two per cent of SLTs either agreed or strongly agreed that COVID‐19 impacted on service delivery to children and families. Negative impacts on service delivery included school absences/closures, home visiting restrictions, families declining input and/or having barriers to telehealth use and the impact of mask wearing on interactions. Positive impacts included increased telehealth access and skills, increased contact with families and focus on children's eating and drinking function within the home environment. Participants aimed to maintain the increased contact with families alongside a hybrid service delivery approach of in‐person and virtual appointments.ConclusionsThis survey provides novel information capturing SLT practice change across two waves of COVID‐19 and return to in‐person practice for UK children with neurodisability.
Determinants of unintentional injuries in preschool age children in high‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Gallagher Laura , Breslin Gavin , Leavey Gerard , Curran Emma , Rosato Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundInjuries are the leading cause of death and disability in preschool children who are subject to specific risk factors. We sought to clarify the determinants of unintentional injuries in children aged 5 years and under in high‐income countries and report on the methodological quality of the selected studies.MethodsA systematic review was conducted of observational studies investigating determinants of unintentional injury in children aged 0–5. Searches were conducted in Web of Science, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL. All methods of data analysis and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA 2021) guidelines. Determinants are reported at the child, parental, household and area level.ResultsAn initial search revealed 6179 records. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria: 17 cohort studies and 2 case control studies. While studies included longitudinal surveys and administrative healthcare data analysis, the highest quality studies examined were case–control designs. Child factors associated with unintentional injury include male gender, age of the child at the time of injury, advanced gross motor score, sleeping problems, birth order, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and below average score on the standard strengths and difficulties scale. Parental factors associated with unintentional injuries included younger parenthood, poor maternal mental health, hazardous or harmful drinking by an adult within the home, substance misuse, low maternal education, low paternal involvement in childcare and routine and manual socioeconomic classification. Household factors associated with injury were social rented accommodation, single‐parent household, White ethnicity in the United Kingdom, number of children in the home and parental perception of a disorganised home environment. Area‐level factors associated with injury were area‐level deprivation and geographic remoteness.ConclusionChild factors were the strongest risk factors for injury, whereas parental factors were the most consistent. Further research is needed to examine the role of supervision in the relationships between these risk factors and injury. Injury intent should be considered in studies using administrative healthcare data. Prospective research may consider utilising linked survey and administrative data to counter the inherent weaknesses of these research approaches.