bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of family environment cognition and its difference perceived by adolescents and their parents on the treatment effect of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in adolescents: a 1-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Yalan , Li Xin , Li Yunge , Xiao Yu , Li Chunya , Chen Jia , Li Yao , Luo Lishi , Su Ding , Jia Juan , Cheng Haofei , Liu Tianjiao , Du Na 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionFamily environment is the primary environment for adolescent growth and development, which is believed to have an important impact on the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior in adolescents. This study aimed to explore the effects of family environment cognition and cognitive differences perceived by adolescents and their parents on the treatment effects of NSSI in adolescents and to provide more potential perspectives for NSSI treatment.MethodsA one-year prospective longitudinal sub-cohort investigation was carried out among 199 adolescents engaged in NSSI and one of their important guardians from the Longitudinal Psychosomatic Disease Study (LoPDS). The NSSI behaviors of adolescents were evaluated at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after enrollment. The family environment scale (FES) and NSSI Behavior Questionnaire were used as assessment tools for family environment and adolescents NSSI behaviors. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the role of family environment perception difference in the treatment effect of adolescent NSSI.ResultsAfter one year of follow-up, the perceived self-injury impulse score in recent 2 weeks, self-injury impulse frequency in recent 2 weeks, total number of self-injury in recent 2 weeks decreased significantly. The higher the adolescent family cohesion (Beta: 1.130, 95% CI: 0.886,1.373; p=0.032), parental family expressiveness (Beta: 0.818, 95% CI: 0.375,1.260; p=0.037) and parental family active-recreational orientation score (Beta: 0.609, 95% CI: 0.236,0.981; p=0.048), the better the treatment effect. However, higher adolescent family conflict (Beta: -0.838, 95% CI: -1.377,-0.298; p=0.024) were associated with lower treatment outcomes. The greater the cognitive difference between parents and adolescents in family cohesion (Beta: -1.307, 95% CI: -2.074,-0.539; p=0.014) and family conflict(Beta: -0.665, 95% CI: -0.919,-0.410; p=0.037), the worse the therapeutic effect of NSSI might be.DiscussionThere were certain differences in the cognition of family relationships between parents and adolescents, and subjective family relationship cognition and cognitive differences had a significant effect on the treatment effect of NSSI in adolescents. Helping them identify the cause of cognitive differences and conducting systematic family therapy from the points of difference may be another perspective to improve the treatment effect of NSSI in adolescents.
Deep brain stimulation for treatment resistant obsessive compulsive disorder; an observational study with ten patients under real-life conditions
Authors: Abdelnaim Mohamed A. , Lang-Hambauer Verena , Hebel Tobias , Schoisswohl Stefan , Schecklmann Martin , Deuter Daniel , Schlaier Juergen , Langguth Berthold 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 2–3% of the global population, causing distress in many functioning levels. Standard treatments only lead to a partial recovery, and about 10% of the patients remain treatment-resistant. Deep brain stimulation offers a treatment option for severe, therapy-refractory OCD, with a reported response of about 60%. We report a comprehensive clinical, demographic, and treatment data for patients who were treated with DBS in our institution.MethodsWe offered DBS to patients with severe chronic treatment resistant OCD. Severity was defined as marked impairment in functioning and treatment resistance was defined as non-response to adequate trials of medications and psychotherapy. Between 2020 and 2022, 11 patients were implanted bilaterally in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST). Patients were evaluated with YBOCS, MADRS, GAF, CGI, and WHOQOL-BREF. We performed the ratings at baseline (before surgery), after implantation before the start of the stimulation, after reaching satisfactory stimulation parameters, and at follow-up visits 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after optimized stimulation.ResultsOne patient has retracted his consent to publish the results of his treatment, thus we are reporting the results of 10 patients (5 males, 5 females, mean age: 37 years). Out of our 10 patients, 6 have shown a clear response indicated by a YBOCS-reduction between 42 and 100 percent at last follow-up. One further patient experienced a subjectively dramatic effect on OCD symptoms, but opted afterwards to stop the stimulation. The other 3 patients showed a slight, non-significant improvement of YBOCS between 8.8 and 21.9%. The overall mean YBOCS decreased from 28.3 at baseline to 13.3 (53% reduction) at the last follow-up. The improvement of the OCD symptoms was also accompanied by an improvement of depressive symptoms, global functioning, and quality of life.ConclusionOur results suggest that BNST-DBS can be effective for treatment-resistant OCD patients, as indicated by a reduction in symptoms and an overall improvement in functioning. Despite the need for additional research to define the patients’ selection criteria, the most appropriate anatomical target, and the most effective stimulation parameters, improved patient access for this therapy should be established.
Correlations between schizophrenia and lichen planus: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Guan-Yu , Fu Ling-ling , Ye Bin , Ao Man , Yan Ming , Feng Hong-Chao 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundSeveral existing studies have shown a correlation between schizophrenia and lichen planus (LP). However, the causality of this relationship remains uncertain. Thus, this study aimed to examine the causal association between schizophrenia and LP.MethodsA two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to investigate whether schizophrenia is causally related to LP and vice versa, and genetic variants in this study were taken from previous genome-wide association studies. We used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the main analysis. Furthermore, several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability.ResultsOur results show that schizophrenia has a protective effect on LP (OR = 0.881, 95%CI = 0.795–0.975, p = 0.015). Conversely, we observed no significant relationship between LP and schizophrenia in reverse MR analysis (OR = 0.934, 95%CI = 0.851–1.026, p = 0.156).ConclusionOur two-sample Mendelian randomization study supports a significant causal relationship between LP and schizophrenia and finds that schizophrenia can reduce the incidence of LP. This is in contrast to previous findings and provides new insights into the relationship between LP and schizophrenia, but the exact mechanism needs further investigation.
A qualitative analysis of public health officials' experience in California during COVID-19: priorities and recommendations
Authors: Burke Rita V. , Distler Anna S. , McCall Timothy C. , Hunter Emma , Dhapodkar Shruti , Chiari-Keith Larissa , Alford Aaron A. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to collect qualitative data regarding the violence faced by public health officials during the COVID-19 pandemic and create a guideline of recommendations to protect this population moving forward.MethodsTwo focus groups were conducted virtually from April 2022 to May 2022. All nine participants were public health officials from across California. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data from these focus groups.ResultsThe main recurrent experiences among public health officials were harassment, psychological impact, systemic backlash, and burnout. Several recommendations for supporting public health officials were highlighted, including security and protection, mental health support, public awareness, and political/institutional support.ConclusionOur study captures the violent experiences that health officials have faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. To maintain the integrity of the public health system, timely changes must be made to support and protect health officials. Our guideline of recommendations provides a multi-faceted approach to the urgent threats that officials continue to face. By implementing these solutions, we can strengthen our public health system and improve our response to future national emergencies.
Exploring spatiotemporal trends and impacts of health resources and services on under-5 mortality in West African countries, 2010–2019: a spatial data analysis
Authors: Zeng Meng , Niu Lu 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundWest African countries experienced the highest under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), the lowest life expectancy, and the poorest economic development. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal trend of U5MR and spatial spillover effects of health resources and services to provide a basis for establishing health policies and international cooperative mechanisms in West Africa.MethodsWe retrieved data from the World Health Organization’s Global Health Observatory, the United Nations Human Development Report, and the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Joinpoint regression analysis and Moran’s I method were used to examine the temporal trend and spatial dependence of U5MR, respectively. Spatial regression analysis was used to examine the spatial spillover effects.ResultsThe long-term downward trends in U5MR were divided into multiple segments by two or three change points in 2013, 2014, or 2015, and the annual percentage change after 2015 was higher than before 2015. Global Moran’s I was positive, significantly indicating positive spatial autocorrelation, which increased from 0.2850 (p = 0.0210) to 0.3597 (p = 0.0080). Based on spatial regression analysis, human development index (HDI), physicians density, nurses and midwives density, health center density, percentage of infants lacking immunization for diphtheria and measles, and coverage rate of at least one antenatal visit had negative spatial spillover effects on U5MR. HDI had the strongest negative correlation (β = −0.0187 to −0.1054, p &lt; 0.0001). Current health expenditure (CHE) per capita had positive spatial spillover effects on U5MR.ConclusionThis study revealed the spatiotemporal trend of U5MR in West African countries and spatial spillover effects of health resources and services. Promoting economic development, increasing health human resources, health expenditure, vaccination rate, antenatal care coverage, and the proportion of health professionals attending births not only reduced the local U5MR but also exerted spatial spillover effects on adjacent countries. The West African Health Organization may consider regional spillover mechanisms to develop regional health policy and intervention cooperation mechanisms, which will contribute to achieving the sustainable development goal on U5MR, Africa Agenda 2063, and universal health coverage.
“When you get the HPV vaccine, it will prevent cervical cancer; it will act as a shield”: adolescent girls’ knowledge and perceptions regarding the human papillomavirus vaccine in Zambia
Authors: Lubeya Mwansa Ketty , Chibwesha Carla J. , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi , Mukosha Moses , Frank Simone , Kawonga Mary 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an important preventive measure for HPV-related conditions such as cervical cancer. In 2019, Zambia introduced a free national HPV vaccination program for 14-year-old girls. However, the adolescents’ knowledge and perceptions regarding the HPV vaccine are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to understand adolescent girls’ knowledge and perceptions regarding the HPV vaccine and discuss its acceptability and uptake implications.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study in the Lusaka district between June 2021 and November 2021 using semi-structured interviews with adolescent girls aged 15–18 years regardless of their HPV vaccination status. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and NVIVO 12 was used for data management and analysis. We coded transcripts deductively and inductively based on emerging themes. Perceptions were coded using the health belief model constructs.ResultsWe interviewed 30 adolescent girls to reach saturation. Seventeen girls reported having received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Participants expressed variable knowledge and awareness about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Participants exhibited positive attitudes towards the HPV vaccine and perceived it as beneficial. However, there were multiple perceived barriers to vaccination, such as the need for parental consent, not being in school, concerns about vaccine side effects, and belief in myths and misinformationConclusionThe adolescent girls in this study showed variable knowledge and positive attitudes toward the HPV vaccine despite the many perceived barriers. To support increased HPV vaccine acceptability and uptake among adolescent girls in Zambia, it is critical to actively engage stakeholders involved in HPV vaccination, such as adolescents and their parents, and debunk myths and misconceptions about HPV vaccination. Health education in schools and communities should be implemented to increase knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination among adolescents and their parents.
Urbanization gradient, diet, and gut microbiota in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Paulo Linda Simon , Msema Bwire George , Klipstein-Grobusch K. , Kamuhabwa Appolinary , Kwesigabo Gideon , Chillo Pilly , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Lenters Virissa C. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionAs Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) undergoes rapid urbanization changes in diet and lifestyle have contributed to a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) across the region. Changes in gut microbiota which play an important role in human health may be an underlying driving factor. While evidence suggests that the gut microbiota differs between the extreme levels of economic development (least vs highly developed), it is not well-established which factors along the urbanization gradient are most influential, especially for SSA. This systematic review analyzed published articles from SSA countries that examined the differences in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota along the urbanization gradient. The findings of this review have important implications for understanding the impact of urbanization on human health in the SSA.MethodsPeer-reviewed articles that examined the link between the urbanization gradient, dietary patterns, and gut microbiota using culture-independent techniques were included in the review.ResultsA total of 3,265 studies were identified and screened. Eighty-nine (89) studies underwent full-text review, and 23 studies were extracted and included for final analysis. Among these studies, it was observed that hunter-gatherers had high alpha diversity (within-person variation) and beta diversity (between-person variation) in their gut microbiota compared to rural and urban residents in SSA. However, there were inconsistent differences between rural and urban at the individual taxa levels, potentially due to limited statistical power and large variability in the study techniques and designs. Similarly, there were no clear differences in the relative abundance of genera across the urbanization gradient. Additionally, both diet and intestinal parasites were associated with the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.ConclusionThe review revealed there are variations in both alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota across the urbanization gradient with a higher diversity observed in rural areas. However, we did not observe significant differences in the relative abundance at phyla or genus levels consistently across the urbanization gradient. Moreover, our findings suggest that the mode of subsistence, diet, and intestinal parasites play a role in shaping the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in SSA.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021251006, identifier CRD42021251006.
Prevalence of female genital mutilation and associated factors among daughters aged 0–14 years in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic health surveys
Authors: Ayenew Asteray Assmie , Mol Ben W. , Bradford Billie , Abeje Gedefaw 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful traditional practice involving the partial or total removal of external genitalia for non-medical reasons. Despite efforts to eliminate it, more than 200 million women and girls have undergone FGM, and 3 million more undergo this practice annually. Tracking the prevalence of FGM and identifying associated factors are crucial to eliminating the practice. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FGM and associated factors among daughters aged 0–14 years.MethodsThe most recent Demographic Health Survey Data (DHS) datasets from sub-Saharan African countries were used for analysis. A multilevel modified Poisson regression analysis model was applied to identify factors associated with FGM. Data management and analysis were performed using STATA-17 software, and the pooled prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe study included a weighted sample of 123,362 participants. The pooled prevalence of FGM among daughters aged 0–14 years in sub-Saharan Africa was found to be 22.9% (95% CI: 16.2–29.6). The daughter's place of birth (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.48–0.62), mother's age (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.4–2.11), father's education (AOR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98), mother's perception about FGM (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.35–0.48), FGM as a religious requirement (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12–1.35), mother's age at circumcision (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.23), residing in rural areas (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.19), and community literacy level (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83–0.98) were factors associated with FGM.ConclusionThe high prevalence of FGM among daughters aged 0–14 years in sub-Saharan Africa indicates the need for intensified efforts to curb this practice. Addressing the associated factors identified in this study through targeted interventions and policy implementation is crucial to eradicate FGM and protect the rights and well-being of girls.
Virtual reality public speaking training: effectiveness and user technology acceptance
Authors: Bachmann Manuel , Subramaniam Abimanju , Born Jonas , Weibel David 
Published: September 2023

Public speaking is a fundamental task in many professional or personal situations. At the same time, there is widespread fear of it, and it takes practice to present well. Previous studies suggest that Virtual Reality Public Speaking Training (VRPST) offers a promising opportunity for this. However, studies evaluating objective and subjective indicators are lacking so far, and valid control conditions are missing in previous studies. We aimed to overcome these drawbacks. In our experiment, participants (N = 42) had the task of presenting a card game to a four-person audience using five provided PowerPoint slides within a time limit of 5 minutes. They prepared either using VRPST or using common self-directed preparation (control condition), being randomly assigned to a condition. Both groups were instructed to prepare for the task at home and given 30 min to learn the rules of the game and present them using the slides. The control group was given an additional 30 min to prepare individually for the presentation task at home. The experimental group received an additional 30-min VRPST session. This training session was done without specific feedback and the presentation was repeated three times. The quality of the rule explanation, the audience-assessed presentation quality, and the subjects’ self-assessed presentation quality were measured. Our results indicate that the VRPST is effective. Subjects who completed the VRPST did a better job of explaining the rules and were better rated by the audience. In addition, the experimental subjects also tended to rate their presentation better in the VRPST condition. Further analyses of those participants who completed the VRPST show high technology acceptance. Our results show the VR training had a significant performance-enhancing effect and that participants would use the VRPST if it were available to them. It seems that practicing a presentation in VR is useful and even better than a conventional preparation.
KAJIAN PUSTAKA PENGARUH KONSELING GIZI DM TERHADAP PERILAKU MAKAN PASIEN DM DAN PENGENDALIAN KADAR GULA DARAH
Authors: Akerina Prita Adelia Kestya , Sugianti Pande Putu Sri , Cintari Lely 
Published: September 2023

Diabetes Management aims to eliminate Diabetes Mellitus complaints, improve quality of life and reduce the risk of acute complications. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to control blood glucose, blood pressure, weight, and lipid profile. This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional counseling on the eating behavior of patients with diabetes mellitus and blood sugar level control. Type of library research studies. The library collection method lists all the variables that need to be researched, looks for each variable on the subject of the encyclopedia, selects a material description material needed from available sources, more specifically is to look for articles, books, and biographies that are very helpful to obtain materials that are relevant to the problem under study, review and arrange library materials in accordance with matters of interest and relevance with the problem under study, the information obtained is then read, recorded, arranged and rewritten, the final step, which is the process of writing research from the material that has been gathered together in a research concept. Literature study results obtained 9 libraries in accordance with the research variables of researchers, literature review between DM nutritional counseling and eating behavior shows an influence. literature review results between counseling and controlling blood sugar levels indicate an influence. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence between DM nutritional counseling on the eating behavior of DM patients and controlling blood sugar levels. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, nutritional counseling, eating behavior, controlling blood sugar levels.