bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International humanitarian law violations in northern Uganda: victims' health, policy, and programming implications
Authors: Marshak Anastasia , Atim Teddy , Mazurana Dyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExperience of serious violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) results in complex physical disability and psychosocial trauma amplifying poverty and multi-generational trauma and impeding long-term recovery. We use data from a representative sample of victims in the case Prosecutor V. Dominic Ongwen brought before the International Criminal Court. Thirteen years after the 2004 massacre, the victims were significantly worse off than the general war-affected population that did not experience serious violations of IHL. The differences in health and wellbeing persisted for individuals and their households, including children born after the massacre. The victims have significantly lower availability of appropriate health services and medications, including significantly greater distance to travel to these services. These findings call attention to the needs of people having experienced IHL violations, for provision of physical and emotional trauma care to allow for recovery, and better understanding of the short- and long-term impacts of IHL violations.
Lime, phosphorus and stocking rate of an extensively managed permanent pasture affect feed-on-offer, sheep growth rate, carrying capacity and wool production
Authors: Norton Mark R. , Garden Denys L. , Rohan Maheswaran , Orchard Beverley A. , Armstrong Philip , Brassil Trent 
Published: April 2023

Context Soil acidity constrains pasture productivity, limiting production from grazing animals. Lime application can ameliorate acidity, although the rate is increased when incorporated rather than surface applied. Soils in south-eastern Australia are generally highly erodible, containing valuable native grasses that might be lost if disturbed. Surface application is, therefore, the only option, but the extent to which lime can ameliorate acidity and increase pasture and animal production requires research. Aim This 10-year experiment studied three rates of surface-applied lime, two of superphosphate (P) and two stocking rates (SR) on continuously grazed sheep on acidic soils. Two flocks were studied, one from May 1999 to December 2002, and the second from August 2005 to July 2008. We hypothesised that wool production and animal liveweight would increase as (1) lime rate increased, (2) P rate increased, and (3) peak animal productivity would occur under the combination of the highest rates of lime and P. Key results The experiment coincided with the Millennium Drought reducing forage production, and slowing lime movement into the soil and consequent amelioration. During Flock 1, effective SR (dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha) of the low P, low SR and limed treatment became higher by 1 DSE/ha for 10 months during the final flock measurement months, as drought intensified. During Flock 2, effective SR of both high P, high SR and limed treatments were greater by 2 DSE/ha than non-limed counterpart for the first 9 months of 2006. Trends of higher animal production under lime became clearer with time, so were more apparent in Flock 2 than Flock 1, and at higher SR. High lime, high P and high SR had the greatest wool production. High P, low SR and nil lime was initially highly productive, but declined sharply when legumes disappeared, associated with soil aluminium toxicity. Lime maintained superior ground cover under drought, reducing the danger of sward death and soil erosion, demonstrating its sward preservation, sustainability and ecosystem service benefits. Implications With the ever-increasing price of land, farmers must increase their land’s productivity. This trial demonstrated production and environmental benefits associated with acid soil amelioration through lime application.
More than dog walking: Pets as physical activity and social connection facilitators in the lives of retirement village residents
Authors: Kaivalya Mila L. , Crozier Alyson J. , Nottle Carmel , Young Janette 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives: This mixed-methods study examined the relationship between pet ownership status and social connectedness, physical activity engagement, and the quality of life of older adults living in retirement villages.
Methods: A survey was distributed to older adults (N = 58) living in retirement villages in South Australia. Those who expressed interest (N = 16) took part in an additional diary study, whereby they reported their social and physical activities over the course of a week.
Results: Physical activity, social connectedness, and quality of life did not differ significantly based on pet ownership status. Social connectedness was positively related to the quality of life regardless of pet ownership status. Many pet owners described how their pets were integral to their lives.
Discussion: The notion of pet presence offers a promising pathway for future research. The strategies and policies that support pet ownership in retired villages require further investigation.
Ultra-fine SnO2 nanocrystals anchored on reduced graphene oxide as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Haoyue , Jia Xiaotong , Huang Bin , Yang Jianwen , Li Yanwei , Zhong Shengkui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
SnO2 has attracted extensive research attentions as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, its application is largely hindered by sluggish sodium ion diffusion and drastic volume change during the conversion reaction and alloying process. Herein, ultra-fine SnO2 nanocrystals (3–5 nm) anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is demonstrated as a promising anode material for SIBs. Ultra-fine SnO2 nanocrystals are uniformly grown on rGO sheets by a facile one-step hydrothermal process. Nano-scaled SnO2 grains tolerate volume expansion and provide shortened diffusion pathway for sodium ions, and meanwhile rGO acts as an excellent conductive matrix, thus endowing the composite electrode with excellent electrochemical performance. More importantly, the ratio of SnO2 to rGO in the composite is optimized. The optimized sample delivers an initial charge capacity of 518 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1, and 504 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Furthermore, a capacity of 287 mAh g−1 can be maintained after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g−1.
Transferring 2D TMDs through water-soluble sodium salt catalytic layer
Authors: Lyu Zhiyi , Qian Yongteng , Kang Dae Joon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study reports a clean and damage-free transfer method that enables the ultrafast transfer of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) onto desired substrates with a remarkably high yield. We employ a water-soluble sodium salt as both a transfer sacrificial layer for facile transfer and a catalytic layer for the growth of high-quality large-area MoS2 using liquid-phase chemical vapor deposition via a catalyzed kinetic growth. We show that the pristine structural and electrical properties of the grown MoS2 can be reliably preserved by avoiding detrimental effects during the prolonged harsh-environment transfer process. We demonstrate the technological versatility of the proposed transfer method by fabricating as-transferred MoS2-based back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs). The MoS2 FETs exhibit excellent charge mobility as high as 28.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on–off ratio up to ∼107 at room temperature, indicating no performance degradation after the transfer process. The proposed transfer method offers universal applicability for various 2D TMDs, mechanical supporting polymers, and target substrates, thus facilitating the facile fabrication of 2D TMD-based electronics and optoelectronics.
The calculation of the decomposition products of C5F10O–CO2 mixtures with a chemical kinetic model
Authors: Gao Qingqing , Xiao Yafan , Wang Xiaohua , Sun Haofei , Yang Aijun , Niu Chunping , Wang Chuang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a chemical kinetic model to investigate the physicochemical process in C5F10O-CO2 mixtures. The model contains 12 ions, including e, C+, O+, C2
+, O2
+, CO+, CO2
+, O−, C−, C2
−, O2
−, O3
− and 38 neutral species, containing C, O, C2, O2, CO, CO2, O3, C5F10O, C4F7Oa, C4F7Ob, C4F7Oc, C4F7Od, C3F5O, C3F4Oa, C3F4Ob, C3F4Oc, C3F4Od, C3F4Oe, C3F3Oa, C3F3Ob, COCF3, C2F2Oa, C2F2Ob, COFC, COF, C3F7a, C3F7b, C3F6a, C3F6b, C2F5, C2F4a, C2F4b, C2F3a, C2F3b, C2F2, CF3, CF2, CF. The total number of 180 reactions are considered. For the reactions whose forward and reverse rate constants can be obtained, the reactions are split into two one-way reactions. In addition, the reactions which produce photons are also considered as one-way reactions. The other reactions are reversable. The reverse rate constants can be obtained by the ratio of the forward rate constants and the equilibrium constants. The molar fractions of the decomposition products in C5F10O-CO2 mixtures with the C5F10O content to be 5%, 7% and 13% are calculated in the temperature range of 500–3500 K. The ratio of the electron temperature to the temperature of the heavy species is calculated to obtain the deviation from local thermodynamic equilibrium in different temperatures. The characteristic decomposition products in different temperature ranges are determined. In addition, the main reaction pathways for the main species are determined by analyzing the contributions of the corresponding reactions to the generation and consumption of the species. In order to validate the chemical kinetic model, the molar fractions of the species in pure CO2 are compared with those by Gibbs free energy minimization in a wide temperature range. This model can help better understand the physicochemical process from the aspect of the reactions during the over-heat fault, and the characteristic decomposition products in different temperature range can help identify the potential fault to avoid great power accidents.
Comparison of thermal and athermal dynamics of the cell membrane slope fluctuations in the presence and absence of Latrunculin-B
Authors: Roy Srestha , Vaippully Rahul , Lokesh Muruga , Nalupurackal Gokul , Yadav Vandana , Chakraborty Snigdhadev , Gopalakrishnan Manoj , Edwin Privita Edwina Rayappan George , Kumar Bajpai Saumendra , Roy Basudev 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Conventionally, only the normal cell membrane fluctuations have been studied and used to ascertain membrane properties like the bending rigidity. A new concept, the membrane local slope fluctuations was introduced recently (Vaippully et al 2020 Soft Matter
16 7606), which can be modelled as a gradient of the normal fluctuations. It has been found that the power spectral density (PSD) of slope fluctuations behave as (frequency)−1 while the normal fluctuations yields (frequency)

−
5

/

3

even on the apical cell membrane in the high frequency region. In this manuscript, we explore a different situation where the cell is applied with the drug Latrunculin-B which inhibits actin polymerization and find the effect on membrane fluctuations. We find that even as the normal fluctuations show a power law (frequency)

−
5

/

3

as is the case for a free membrane, the slope fluctuations PSD remains (frequency)−1, with exactly the same coefficient as the case when the drug was not applied. Moreover, while sometimes, when the normal fluctuations at high frequency yield a power law of (frequency)

−
4

/

3

, the pitch PSD still yields (frequency)−1. Thus, this presents a convenient opportunity to study membrane parameters like bending rigidity as a function of time after application of the drug, while the membrane softens. We also investigate the active athermal fluctuations of the membrane appearing in the PSD at low frequencies and find active timescales of slower than 1 s.
Gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges: hyperbolic orbits on a cone
Authors: Chen Zu-Cheng , Kim Sang Pyo , Liu Lang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We derive the hyperbolic orbit of binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges. In the low-velocity and weak-field regime, by using the Newtonian method, we calculate the total emission rate of energy due to gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges in hyperbolic orbits. Moreover, we develop a formalism to derive the merger rate of binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges from the two-body dynamical capture. We apply the formalism to investigate the effects of the charges on the merger rate for the near-extremal case and find that the effects cannot be ignored.
Fiber-based optrode with microstructured fiber tips for controlled light delivery in optogenetics
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Lange Fred , Hohlfeld Dennis 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Optogenetic modulation of neuronal activity requires precise and flexible light delivery to deep brain regions. Flat cleaved optical fibers combined with electrodes are widely used in implantable optogenetic devices for light delivery and electrical monitoring of neural activity. However, the flat fiber tip geometry induces serious tissue damage upon insertion, and makes it difficult to adjust and control the spatial extent of illumination within the brain. With their strongly increased tissue-compatibility and the possibility of spatial illumination control, tapered fibers outperform cleaved fibers in targeted neural photo-stimulation. Approach. In this work, we describe our device concept, and present a novel approach for reproducible fabrication of tapered fiber tips via grinding. Furthermore, we characterize recording electrodes by commenting data obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We also investigate the impact of different cone angles (14°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) on the illumination profile and optical throughput. Main results. We fabricated a fiber-based optrode with cone tip and two deposited electrodes. Custom grinding setup for fabrication of tapered fiber tips with various cone angles is developed as a part of our research. Microscope images showed very good optical quality of cone tips. The results of transmitted optical power measurements performed with integrating sphere suggest that, compared to the flat cleaved optical fiber, transmitted power decreases exponentially with cone angle reduction. Obtained emission profiles (as induced fluorescence in Rhodamine 6G water solution) indicate very strong effect of cone angle on shape and size of illumination volume. Results obtained from EIS show the effect of electrode size on its recording capability. Significance. Compared to optrodes with flat cleaved optical fiber, the demonstrated fiber-based optrode with cone tip allows controlled light delivery with reduced invasiveness. The possibility to fabricate reproducible fiber tips with various cone angles enables control of light delivery in optogenetic experiment. The results presented here give neuroscientists the possibility to choose the appropriate tissue-compatible cone geometry depending on their stimulation requirements.
Research on two-phase flow insulation experimental equipment and method
Authors: Luo Xugang , Zhou Xiong , Zhong Laisheng , Xu Yongsheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To characterize and identify the discharge characteristics of two-phase flow, the research scheme and experimental device of two-phase flow discharge characteristics based on IEC 60270 partial discharge experimental method are designed in this paper. The PRPD (Pass Resolved Partial Discharge) method is extended to the PRPDN (Pass Resolved Partial Discharge Number) method, and an experimental method suitable for the analysis of two-phase flow discharge characteristics and the analysis method of two-phase flow characteristics are proposed, which lays a foundation for the experiment and analysis of two-phase flow discharge characteristics.
Dynamic Reactive Power Optimization Configuration of New Energy Power Station Based on Fault Limit Removal Time
Authors: Tian Na , Cui Tongfei , Rong Shiyang , Liang Jifeng , Dong Jingyuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The large-scale construction of long-distance, high voltage level transmission projects and sustained load demand increase negatively influence transient voltage stability. A certain amount of dynamic Var compensation at the receiving end of the power grid can significantly improve the stability. Most new energy power plants, such as wind power, and photovoltaic generation, have installed dynamic Var compensation devices. The potential for safety and stability control should be fully exploited. In this paper, it is concluded that the critical fault clearing time is the main index to measure the transient voltage stability of the system, and the critical fault clearing time has been extended by allocating dynamic Var compensation. According to these conclusions, a method for optimal allocation of dynamic Var compensation to improve critical fault clearing time is proposed. The method has determined the optimal capacity and the installation point. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through simulations on the actual power grid.
Optimal control study of solar-air source heat pump coupled heating system operation
Authors: Li Xulin , Liu Shiyuan , Wang Yunlong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With China’s ambitious goals of carbon capping by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, the multi-energy coupled clean heating technology represented by solar-air source heat pumps is developing rapidly. In order to solve the above problems, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the multi-energy coupled heating system by establishing a virtual simulation model and optimizing the system operation and control modes. Technical support is provided for efficiently utilizing multi-energy coupled heating technology in rural buildings.
In this paper, the mathematical model of the system is established by analyzing the form and working principle of the solar-air source heat pump coupled heating system. Initially, three operation strategies are constructed: priority utilization of solar energy strategy (Strategy I), air source heat pump fixed temperature switching strategy (Strategy II), and air source heat pump timed switching strategy (Strategy III), laying the foundation for operation strategy optimization.
The dynamic load change pattern of the building in winter was calculated using TRNSYS software, based on which equipment selection was carried out, and a simulation model of the solar-air source heat pump coupled heating system was established. The system operation strategy was optimized. A temperature difference control strategy was used for the solar collector cycle control optimization, which increased the solar collector efficiency by 12% compared to the fixed temperature control strategy. Based on typical climate data, the heating season was divided into 10 phases according to a 15-day cycle, and three operation strategies were optimized and compared for each phase with the goal of comprehensive system energy efficiency. After comparison and analysis, strategy 1 and 3 have their advantages in different stages of the heating season. The operation strategies with higher system energy efficiency in each stage were combined in the heating season, called combined operation strategy (strategy 4), and compared with other strategies in the heating season. Compared with strategy 1 and strategy 3 in the whole heating season, the system energy efficiency of strategy 4 was improved by 3%-6%. This indicates that strategy 4 has better operation effect.
Annealing effect on the crystallinity characteristics of XLPE from High-voltage Cables
Authors: Zhong Dehui , Yi Chen , Zhou Xin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The thermal effects during the cable operation brought various changes in cable insulation, strongly affecting the cable’s long-term behavior. In this study, a new and seven-year serviced 110 kV XLPE cable was taken, and the insulation layer was peeled and thermally aged at 115 for various 60, 120, and 180 days. Then, they were annealed at 90 to 115°C with a gap of 5°C, respectively. The gel content and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were measured. The results show that the 60 and 120-day aging tests promote the crystallization of XLPE and show a higher recrystallization point and crystallinity, while the 180 days aging test brought an opposite change. After the annealing process, melting point and crystallinity increase with the increasing annealing temperature. Before they reached the highest values, 60-day-aged peels showed higher the two factors than the fresh peels, with a slight difference to 120-day-aged peels, but 180-day aged showed the lowest values. However, the annealing process results in a lower melting point and crystallinity when the temperature exceeds the optimum point. Finally, it was found that the crystallization characteristics of the aged XLPE peels could be improved if the annealing was done at proper temperatures.
Photovoltaic inverter anomaly detection method based on LSTM serial depth autoencoder
Authors: Hu Wei , Dong Zixian , Huang Xingjie , Gao Yating , Zhang Zhaoxia , Hao Jiaxin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To ensure the safety of the massive growth of distributed photovoltaic grid-connected inverters and the security of backhaul data in the context of new power systems, research on anomaly detection has also been put on the agenda. The data of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has complex time dependence and uncertainty, and the data security problem is prone to occur in the process of data transmission, and the existing anomaly detection means do not comprehensively consider these factors, and cannot timely find the abnormal phenomena caused by the synthesis of data security and their faults, which leads to the tampering of power data and the increase of operation and maintenance costs. To solve the above problems, an anomaly detection method integrating a long short-term memory network (LSTM) and serial depth autoencoder (DAE) is proposed based on edge computing, characterized by the power and voltage of the device, the length, and the delay of the data. Firstly, the method performed time series transformation processing on the original training dataset through the sliding window. Then, the model was trained using LSTM and DAE. Finally, the decoding error of the test data was compared with the threshold obtained by the training. The example verification shows that the model has achieved good performance in the recall rate, accuracy rate and F1 score, and can effectively detect the equipment that produces its fault or data return abnormality in the photovoltaic inverter. So, the model has good industrial practical value.
DC operating circuit anomaly detection based on node voltage unsupervised time series
Authors: Zhang Shen Qi , Yuan Wei , Yi Ran , Chen Li 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the increase in power system load, the number of switch cabinets increases rapidly, and the accidents caused by DC operating circuits become more and more obvious. Abnormal detection has become an important part of the DC operating circuit. Abnormal data, mainly voltage measurement, often contain important information. Finding and analyzing these abnormal data can give early warning for circuit failure or failure. However, abnormal data is often difficult to obtain and lacks marks, that is, the problem of sample imbalance and unsupervised problems, resulting in abnormal detection methods that can not meet the increasing accuracy and efficiency requirements. Generative adversarial network (GAN) is an unsupervised deep learning model, which has been successfully applied to unsupervised time series anomaly detection. However, GAN has technical difficulties in the anomaly detection process, and there is still room for optimization in accuracy. In this paper, the unsupervised time series anomaly detection method based on GAN is studied, and an anomaly detection method of a DC operating circuit combined with LSTM and GAN is designed.