bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Luminescent Metal‐Organic Framework with Boosted Picric Acid Fluorescence Detection Performance via a Complementary Capture‐Quench Mechanism
Authors: Yang Li , Tian Momang , Qin Jian , Lu Yuewen , Yu Qian , Han Ji‐Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe strong explosiveness, toxicity and environmental pollution of picric acid make its sensitive detection important. Recently, LMOF materials are showing great potential toward efficient detection of PA. However, hindered by the weak connections between LMOFs and analytes, a feasible fluorescence selectivity and sensitivity to desired compounds by constructed LMOFs remain challenging. Herein, we propose a new strategy by using the innate adsorption ability of MOFs. We choose NDC−Zn, a highly stable LMOF with unique pore structures. The topology of ligands can capture PAs specifically inside the pores and the selectivities are further elevated. PET effects are boosted due to longer and closer contact between ligands and trapped PAs, thus higher sensitivity is also achieved. Besides, a fluorescence enhancement at a visible wavelength was found as the concentration of PA increased, suggesting a potential application of naked‐eye recognition for PA. NDC−Zn exhibited an outstanding detection sensitivity for PA with a quenching constant of 49657 M−1, as well as distinctive fluorescence quenching among 9 nitro explosives. From DFT calculations, the fluorescence quenching mechanisms such as PET and the complexation between H2NDC and PA were supported.
Upcycled synthesis and extraction of carbon‐encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles for gap Plasmon applications in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Han Jiye , Kim Kyusun , Tavakkoli Mohammad , Lee Jongmin , Kim Dawoon , Chung In , Lee Aram , Park Keonwoo , Liao Yongping , Lee Jin‐Wook , Lee Seoung‐Ki , Oh Jin‐Woo , Sung Hyokyung , Kauppinen Esko , Jeon Il 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn effective method for obtaining large amounts of metal nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated by carbon layers through upcycling from floating‐catalyst aerosol chemical vapor‐deposited carbon nanotubes is demonstrated. NPs with diameters of less than 20 μm are selectively extracted from the synthesized carbon assortments through sonication, centrifugation, and filtration. The particles show an aggregation behavior owing to the π–π interaction between the graphitic carbon shells surrounding the iron carbides. By controlling the degree of the aggregation and arrangement, the light scattering by the gap‐surface plasmon effect in perovskite solar cells is maximized. Application of the NPs to the devices increased the power conversion efficiency from 19.71% to 21.15%. The short‐circuit current density (JSC) trend over the particle aggregation time accounts for the plasmonic effect. The devices show high stability analogue to the control devices, confirming that no metal‐ion migration took place thanks to the encapsulation.image
Achieving change through gully erosion research
Authors: Wilkinson Scott N. , Rutherfurd Ian D. , Brooks Andrew P. , Bartley Rebecca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis is an introduction to a special issue arising from the 8th International Conference on Gully Erosion, held in Townsville, Australia in 2019. Research has improved understanding of gully erosion processes and increasingly emphasizes sophisticated near‐and‐remotely sensed methods to characterize and measure gullies. These data can then be analysed using equally sophisticated models and scenarios can be simulated. These advances improve the capacity to predict gully initiation and development over time and space. It is often assumed that better prediction translates into greater impact and uptake of research to solve real world gully erosion problems. Examples of impressive associations between research programmes and major gully management programmes are evident. However, there has been little assessment of the impact of gully research. We argue for a greater focus on achieving impact including interventions that better manage and prevent gully erosion. Opportunities to deliver research impact are assessed using three indicators of progression towards impact; the practical usability of research, whether it is in use by non‐researchers, and whether it is useful in guiding improvements in management. Like other natural hazards, gully erosion is a phenomenon of the social, economic and environmental context in which it occurs. Defining the contexts and consequences of gully erosion and using these to frame further research is therefore a means to increase research impact. Enhancing collaboration between research disciplines and with practitioners who act on the research, and a greater focus on the translation of results into practice, is another avenue. Expanding the monitoring and evaluation of gully management can better demonstrate the impact of past research and enable further useful investigations. We urge gully erosion researchers to consider the potential impact of their research, including how it can more effectively inform better and more cost‐effective management and political decisions.
Numerical modeling of conjugate heat transfer through concrete hollow bricks
Authors: Jamal Bouchaib , El Moutaouakil Lahcen , Mohammed Boukendil , Abdelhalim Abdelbaki , Zaki Zrikem 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the thermal conductance of concrete hollow bricks, which is necessary for the evaluation of the energy efficiency of a building. The three varieties of hollow concrete bricks that are often used to build walls in Morocco are the subject of this study. A computational model created using the finite volume method is used to evaluate the conjugate heat transfer through concrete hollow bricks. According to the results, the use of hollow brick type Ah3 reduces the heat flux by approximately 86% compared with type Ah1. It is undeniable that hollow bricks type Ah3 with a thermal conductivity of 1 W/m K can improve the thermal characteristics of building walls.
Groundwater recharge in typical geomorphic landscapes and different land use types on the loess plateau, China
Authors: Chen Peiyuan , Ma Jinzhu , Ma Xiaoyi , Yu Qiao , Cui Xuekai , Guo Jiabing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLand use significantly affects the rate and amount of groundwater recharge. To understand these patterns, stable isotope analyses (δ2H and δ18O) and hydrochemical methods were employed to study the recharge and evolution of groundwater. MixSIAR Bayesian mixture modelling and statistical regression techniques were utilized to investigate the influence of land‐use type on groundwater recharge and to calculate the contribution of various water sources to different groundwater types. These findings are important for effective management and conservation of groundwater resources. The groundwater in all studied areas displayed a magnesium bicarbonate type with notable cation exchange, and also demonstrated the dissolution of carbonate and weathering of silicate. Results from the Bayesian mixture model indicate that 69.3% of the groundwater in the Loess Plateau region was recharged by precipitation, while 86.9% of the groundwater in the loess hilly‐gully region was recharged from the surface water. Groundwater recharge was more rapid in the loess hilly‐gully region than in the Loess Plateau and was less sensitive to the land use type in the former. Dryland‐moderate coverage grassland was found to be most conducive to groundwater infiltration, whereas monotypic dryland and high‐coverage grassland inhibited infiltration to some degree. To maintain balanced soil erosion control, an increase the area of moderate‐coverage grasslands in the Loess Plateau region is recommended.
SiO2 dust induces inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in rat lungs through activation of ASMase/ceramide pathway
Authors: Huang Fang‐cai , Du Yue , Zhang Xiang‐fei , Guan Lan , Liu Xin‐Min , Zeng Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe role of ASMase/ceramide signaling pathway in the development of silicosis needs to be verified by in vivo experiments. We investigated the role of the ASMase/ceramide signaling pathway in the progression of silicosis and the effect of desipramine (DMI) (1 mg/mL) on the development of silicosis, by establishing a silica (1 mL, 50 mg/mL) dust‐contaminated rat silicosis model and administering the ASMase inhibitor, DMI, to the dust‐contaminated rats. The results showed that the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 were increased in the lung tissues of the rats in the dust‐contaminated group at the initial stage after dusting; the inflammatory cell aggregation in the lung tissue was increased. With time progression, the hydroxyproline content in the lung tissue increased, and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), collagen I, and vimentin substantially increased, suggesting that silicosis was formed in the lung tissue of the rats 28 days after SiO2 dust treatment. Moreover, the levels of ASMase, ceramide, and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) were increased in the lung tissue of rats. The expression of β‐catenin, fibronectin, and caspase‐3 protein was increased, and E‐cadherin protein expression was decreased in the lung tissue of the rats in the late stage of dust contamination. The ASMase and ceramide in the lung tissues of the rats in the DMI intervention group were reduced, as were the lung tissue inflammation levels, collagen expression, and lung fibrosis. These results suggest that SiO2 dust may activate the ASMase/ceramide signaling pathway in rat lung tissue, promoting pulmonary fibrosis. DMI inhibited this activation, attenuated apoptosis, blocked epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and halted silica dust‐induced silicofibrosis.
Civic engagement and well‐being among noncollege young adults: Investigating a mediation model
Authors: Fenn Natalie , Yang Manshu , Pearson‐Merkowitz Shanna , Robbins Mark 
Published: March 2023

AbstractYoung adults may benefit from civic engagement as a health promotion tool, as civic engagement is generally associated with positive well‐being. However, more information is needed to examine civic engagement among lesser‐educated young adults who are least likely to civically engage, and more likely to demonstrate mental health needs. We surveyed noncollege young adults (N = 621) to measure their civic engagement, meaning, civic efficacy, well‐being, and sociodemographic factors. Using an a priori model, direct, indirect, and full effects path analyses were conducted across men and women, and then the entire sample. The full effects model best fit the data with mediation by civic efficacy and meaning (χ2(2) = 0.59, p = 0.74; comparative fit index = 1.0; root mean square error of approximation = 0.00, 90% confidence interval [0.00–0.06]; R2 = 0.42). Types of engagement (civic, electoral, activism, and online) demonstrated differing relationships with well‐being. Stakeholders should resource young adults with civic skills and coping strategies to address the many challenges that civic experiences often elicit.
EXT418, a novel long‐acting ghrelin, mitigates Lewis lung carcinoma induced cachexia in mice
Authors: Kerr Haiming L. , Krumm Kora , Lee Ian (In‐gi) , Anderson Barbara , Christiani Anthony , Strait Lena , Breckheimer Beatrice A. , Irwin Brynn , Jiang Alice (Siyi) , Rybachok Artur , Chen Amanda , Caeiro Lucas , Dacek Elizabeth , Hall Daniel B. , Kostyla Caroline H. , Hales Laura M. , Soliman Tarik M. , Garcia Jose M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGhrelin is a potential therapy for cachexia due to its orexigenic properties and anabolic effects on muscle and fat. However, its clinical use is limited by the short half‐life of active (acylated) ghrelin (~11 min in humans). EXT418 is a novel long‐acting, constitutively active ghrelin analog created by covalently linking it to a vitamin D derivative. Here, we evaluated the effects and mechanisms of action of EXT418 on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)‐induced cachexia in mice.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice (5‐ to 7‐month‐old) were implanted with 1 × 106 heat‐killed (HK) or live LLC cells. When the tumour was palpable, mice were injected with vehicle (T + V) or EXT418 daily (T + 418 Daily, 0.25 mg/kg/day) or every other day (T + 418 EOD, 0.5 mg/kg/EOD) for up to 14 days, whereas HK‐treated mice were given vehicle (HK + V). Subsets of T + 418 Daily or EOD‐treated mice were pair‐fed to the T + V group. Body composition and grip strength were evaluated before tumour implantation and at the end of the experiment. Molecular markers were probed in muscles upon termination.ResultsIn tumour‐bearing mice, administration of EXT418 daily or EOD partially prevented weight loss (T + V vs. T + 418 Daily, P = 0.030; and vs. T + 418 EOD, P = 0.020). Similar effects were observed in whole body fat and lean body mass. Grip strength in tumour‐bearing mice was improved by EXT418 daily (P = 0.010) or EOD (P = 0.008) administration compared with vehicle‐treated mice. These effects of EXT418 on weight and grip strength were partially independent of food intake. EXT418 daily administration also improved type IIA (P = 0.015), IIB (P = 0.037) and IIX (P = 0.050) fibre cross‐sectional area (CSA) in tibialis anterior (TA) and EXT418 EOD improved CSA of IIB fibres in red gastrocnemius (GAS; P = 0.005). In skeletal muscles, tumour‐induced increases in atrogenes Fbxo32 and Trim63 were ameliorated by EXT418 treatments (TA and GAS/plantaris, PL), which were independent of food intake. EXT418 administration decreased expression of the mitophagy marker Bnip3 (GAS/PL; P ≤ 0.010). Similar effects of EXT418 EOD were observed in p62 (GAS/PL; P = 0.039). In addition, EXT418 treatments ameliorated the tumour‐induced elevation in muscle Il6 transcript levels (TA and GAS/PL), independently of food intake. Il‐6 transcript levels in adipose tissue and circulating IL‐10 were elevated in response to the tumour but these increases were not significant with EXT418 administration. Tumour mass was not altered by EXT418.ConclusionsEXT418 mitigates LLC‐induced cachexia by attenuating skeletal muscle inflammation, proteolysis, and mitophagy, without affecting tumour mass and partially independent of food intake.
Assessment of immune function and prediction of survival and infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: An exploratory study
Authors: Boeira Paula , Tan Huey , Yates Euan , Dhanda Ashwin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAlcoholic hepatitis (AH), a severe complication of long‐term alcohol misuse, has a 30% 90‐day mortality. Infections are common and associated with higher mortality. There is currently no accurate method to predict infection in these patients. We aimed to test a measure of immune function, the QuantiFERON Monitor (QFM), in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with severe AH.MethodsPeripheral blood was taken at baseline, and QFM performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. In parallel, QFM samples were analyzed with a cytokine multiplex. Clinical outcomes of mortality at 28 and 90 days and development of infection were recorded prospectively.ResultsForty‐nine patients were recruited (mean age 51, 59% male and mean discriminant function 57.8). Interferon (IFN)‐γ release measured by standard QFM was significantly higher in survivors compared to non‐survivors at 28 (102 vs 16 IU/mL, P = 0.02) and 90 days (115 vs 32 IU/mL; P = 0.046). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.79 for 28‐day mortality. IFN‐γ, IL‐10, and IL‐23 release measured by multiplex were significantly lower in patients who developed a subsequent infection compared to those who did not (115 vs 27 IU/mL, P = 0.037; 457 vs 202 pg/mL, P = 0.008; and 1039 vs 663 pg/mL, p = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionImmune dysfunction is associated with poorer outcomes in patients with severe AH. Measurement of IFN‐γ release by standard QFM accurately predicts early mortality, which can be applied to clinical practice as a biomarker of survival. Adaptation of the test to measure IL‐10 could be used as a biomarker of subsequent infection to guide clinical treatment decisions.
Comprehensive analysis of the exosomal circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network in breast cancer
Authors: Mao Shuangshuang , Cheng Yi , Huang Yu , Xiong Huihua , Gong Chen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundExosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) played critical roles in tumor development and progression and might be novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, the biological functions and clinical implications of exosomal circRNAs in breast cancer are unclear.MethodsExpression profiles of exosomal circRNAs the in exoRBase 2.0 database were used to identify differentially expressed exosomal circRNAs in breast cancer. The LASSO and SVM‐RFE algorithms followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to construct the diagnostic model. The target genes of circRNAs were selected by combing differential expression analysis and CSCD, TargetScan and ENCORI databases. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis were conducted to construct a survival‐associated exosomal circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network. GSVA and CIBERSORT algorithms were used to evaluate the cancer hallmarks and immune cells in breast cancer and Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate their correlations with the circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network.ResultsIn total, 347 upregulated and three downregulated exosomal circRNAs were identified in breast cancer patients. The diagnostic model based on 14 exosomal circRNAs showed a high area under the curve (AUC) value in both the training (AUC = 0.98) and validation (AUC = 0.94) dataset. In total, 70 miRNAs and 1147 mRNAs were selected as the downstream targets of circRNAs and were revealed to participate in tumor‐associated pathways, including the PI3K‐AKT, MAPK, RAS and RAP1 pathways, as well as calcium signaling pathways, in addition to transcriptional misregulations. The constructed survival‐associated exosomal circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network contained nine exosomal circRNAs, 12 miRNAs and 10 mRNAs, and showed complicated correlations and interactions within networks. Cancer hallmark pathways, including the TGF‐β, KRAS and MYC signaling pathways, tumor angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, DNA repair and G2M checkpoint, as well as immune cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, macrophage cells, memory B cells and natural killer cells, were closely correlated with the circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network.ConclusionsThe present study is the first to systematically analyze the exosomal circRNAs in breast cancer. We established an exosomal circRNA diagnostic model and constructed a survival‐associated exosomal circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network. Our results revealed the complicated functions and potential mechanisms of the exosomal circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network in breast cancer, which need to be validated further in future studies.
A pictorial presentation and the clinical use of the modified trauma axial (MTA) shoulder x‐ray view
Authors: Tam Yat Hang , Abu Awwad Dania 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnteroposterior (AP) and lateral shoulder projections are routinely performed as part of a post‐reduction shoulder x‐ray series in the emergency department (ED). Research has shown that these projections alone are insufficient to demonstrate post‐dislocation injuries, particularly Hill‐Sachs and Bankart lesions. These concomitant pathologies are best demonstrated on axial shoulder projections but are difficult to obtain in trauma patients with limited range of motion. The diagnostic quality and the pathology demonstrated by different projections is crucial so that doctors and other ED staff can triage patients appropriately, radiologists can report on the presence or absence of post‐dislocation shoulder injuries, and the orthopaedic team can plan for follow‐up or treatment. Different modified axial views were reported to improve the post‐dislocation pathology sensitivity in the shoulder series. However, all of these shoulder axial views require patient movement. The modified trauma axial (MTA) is an alternative projection that is suitable for trauma patients that does not depend on patient movement. This paper presents several cases where the MTA shoulder projection had clinical importance when used as part of the post‐reduction shoulder series in the ED or radiology department.
Aortic thrombus with contraceptive vaginal ring use
Authors: Smith Katharyn L. , Bolton Kimberly J. , Weger Natalie S. , Hobbs Ryan A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCombination hormonal contraceptives are widely used and are available in various dosage forms. Thromboembolism is an established risk factor associated with the use of these agents, with increased rates of arterial thrombosis and venous thromboembolism reported. Arterial thromboembolism occurs much less frequently and is associated with more serious short‐term and long‐term consequences.AimWe report a case of aortic thrombus occurring secondary to NuvaRing use with concomitant smoking. There are no other reports of aortic thrombus resulting from contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) use reported in the literature.Clinical DetailsThis case describes a 35‐year‐old female patient with disabling claudication, severe aortoiliac stenosis, and end organ damage resulting from a nearly occlusive aortic thrombus with no identifiable source of emboli. The patient's past medical history was significant for tachycardia and tobacco use disorder. Her scheduled medicines most notably included NuvaRing for contraception. Oral anticoagulation was initiated, and the patient agreed to pursue tobacco cessation. Haematology consultation and workup was negative. Months later, an open infrarenal abdominal aorta thromboendarterectomy and bovine patch angioplasty were completed. The clinical pharmacist conducting intensive care unit admission medication reconciliation postoperatively identified continued NuvaRing use, in addition to smoking. NuvaRing was promptly discontinued. Repeat hypercoagulable workup has remained negative.OutcomeFollowing NuvaRing and smoking cessation, no thrombotic symptoms have recurred.ConclusionNuvaRing should be considered as potential aetiology for venous and arterial thromboembolism.
Enzymatic hydrolysis as a valorization strategy of bovine lungs: Optimization of process variables and study of antioxidant capacity
Authors: Martinez F. G. , Ambrosi V. A. , Rocha G. , Sancho A. M. , Szerman N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe increase in meat production would also imply an increase in the generation of by‐products or edible offal. These by‐products can be used, due to their high protein content, as a substrate to obtain hydrolysates with functional activities. This study aimed to valorize bovine lungs by producing hydrolysates with antioxidant capacity.ResultsA response surface methodology study was carried out using a central composite design in which factors were temperature (43.2–76.8°C), enzyme/substrate ratio [ES: 0.65–4.85% (w/w)] using Alcalase 2.4 L/Flavourzyme (1:1) and pH (5.8–9.2). The antioxidant capacity of the obtained BLH (bovine lung hydrolysates) was evaluated by the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP methods. The maximum antioxidant capacity was achieved at 53.°C, ES ratio of 2.3% (w/w), and pH of 8.2. Under optimal hydrolysis conditions, the antioxidant capacity increased rapidly from the beginning of the reaction to 30 min, reaching a maximum at 120 min; then, it decreased until the end (180 min). The degree of hydrolysis increased as hydrolysis occurred up to a maximum of 45%. Molecular weight distribution of BLH evaluated by Tricine‐SDS‐PAGE and SEC‐FPLC showed that bovine lung proteins hydrolyzed for 120 min presented low molecular weight peptides (<5 kDa), which are absent in the non‐hydrolyzed sample.ConclusionIn this work, we optimized the variables for producing BLH with antioxidant capacity using commercial proteases in a short reaction time, making it a worthwhile strategy for the recovery of by‐products from the meat industry.