bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOTTINGHAM HIP FRACTURE SCORE: IS IT A USEFUL PREDICTOR OF 30-DAY MORTALITY AFTER HIP FRACTURE SURGERY?
Authors: Gupta P. , Butt S. , Dasari K. , Galhoum A. , Nandhara G. 
Published: July 2023

The Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) was developed in 2007 as a predictor of 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery following a neck of femur fracture. The National Hip Fracture Database is the standard used which calculated their own score using national data.The NHF score for 30-day mortality was calculated for 50 patients presenting with a fractured neck femur injury between January 2020 to March 2020. A score <5 was classified as low risk and >/=5 as high risk. Aim was to assess the accuracy in calculating the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score against the National Hip Fracture Database. To explore whether it should it be routinely included during initial assessment to aid clinical management?There was an increase in the number of mortalities observed in patients who belonged to the high-risk group (>=5) compared to the low risk group. COVID-19 positive patients had worse outcomes with average 30-day mortality of 6.78 compared to the average of 6.06. GEH NHF score per month showed significant accuracy against the NHFD scores.The identification of high-risk groups from their NHF score can allow for targeted optimisations and elucidation of risk factors easily gathered at the point of hospitalisation. The NHFS is a valuable tool and useful predictor to stratify the risk of 30-day mortality and 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery. Inclusion of the score should be considered as mandatory Trust policy for neck of femur fracture patients to aid clinical management and improve patient safety overall.
Dog breeds and conformations in the UK in 2019: VetCompass canine demography and some consequent welfare implications
Authors: O’Neill Dan G. , McMillan Kirsten M. , Church David B. , Brodbelt Dave C. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionGrowing concerns over health and welfare impacts from extreme phenotypes in dogs have created an urgent need for reliable demographic information on the national breed structures of dogs.MethodsThis study included all dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK during 2019 at practices participating in VetCompass. Demographic data on these dogs were analysed to report on the frequency of common breeds and also to report on conformation, bodyweight, sex and neuter associations with these breeds.ResultsThe study included 2,237,105 dogs under UK veterinary care in 2019. Overall, 69.4% (n= 1,551,462) were classified as purebred, 6.7% (149,308) as designer-crossbred and 24.0% (536,335) as nondesigner-crossbred. Across 800 unique breed names, the most frequent breeds at any age were nondesigner-crossbred (n = 536,335, 24.0%), Labrador Retriever (154,222, 6.9%) and Jack Russell Terrier (101,294, 4.5%). Among 229,624 (10.3%) dogs aged under one year, the most frequent breeds were nondesigner-crossbred (n= 45,995, 20.0%), French Bulldog (16,036, 7.0%) and Cockapoo (14,321, 6.2%). Overall, based on breed characteristics, 17.6% (395,739) were classified as brachycephalic, 43.1% (969,403) as mesaticephalic and 8.3% (186,320) as dolichocephalic. Of 1,551,336 dogs that were classifiable based on breed, 52.6% (815,673) were chondrodystrophic. Of 1,462,925 dogs that were classifiable, there were 54.6% (n= 798,426) short haired, 32.6% (476,883) medium haired and 12.8% (186,934) long haired. Of 1,547,653 dogs that were classifiable for ear carriage, 24.5% (n= 379,581) were erect, 28.1% (434,273) were semi-erect, 19.7% (305,475) were v-shaped drop and 27.7% (428,324) were pendulous. Overall, there was a 1.09:1.00 ratio of male (n = 1,163,512; 52.2%) to female dogs (n = 1,067,552; 47.8%).ConclusionsHealth and welfare issues linked to popular breeds with extreme phenotypes suggest that there is much work to do to help owners to make more welfare-friendly decisions when choosing which type of dog to own.
Characteristics of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients in Brazil: A retrospective administrative claims database analysis of PNH patients in Brazilian public healthcare system
Authors: Menosi Gualandro Sandra Fatima , Salvino Marco Aurélio , Bassolli de Oliveira Alves Lucas , Jehá Thainá 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Few studies have reported the profile of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and their care in the Brazilian health system.

Objective
To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with PNH in the Brazilian public health system including procedures performed, associated comorbidities and visits to health care professionals.

Methods
In a real-world observational, retrospective, population-based cohort study, anonymized secondary data provided by the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) were analyzed. Patients were considered eligible if they had at least one procedure coded with the ICD-10 code D59.5 from January 1, 2008 to December 30, 2018.

Results
In total, 675 individual PNH patients were identified (52.4% female; prevalence of 1:237,000 people). Around 15.8% of the patients included had myelodysplastic syndrome and about half of the sample had other aplastic anemias and/or other bone marrow failure syndromes. Portal vein thrombosis (I82 ICD code) was reported in 4.3% of patients. Regarding hospitalizations, 263 individual PNH patients had 416 inpatient admissions with the ICD code for PNH (D59.5) on admission. Twelve deaths occurred during the study period, of which two had the PNH ICD code related with the cause of death, while another three deaths were associated with acquired hemolytic anemia (D59.9), unspecified aplastic anemia (D61.9) and acute respiratory failure (J96.0), respectively.

Conclusion
Despite its limitations, this statistical analysis of data extracted from DATASUS reasonably describes PNH patients in Brazil and its variations across different regions of the country. Comorbidities frequently associated with PNH such as portal vein thrombosis were not as common in our study, but it is assumed that several thrombotic events at specific sites were coded under the broader I82 ICD code. The frequency of visits to different health professionals, including hematologists, increased after the diagnosis of PNH. Among hospitalized PNH patients, the mortality rate was 4.5%.
The role of perceived threat and self-efficacy in the use of Insecticide Treated Bednets (ITNs) to prevent malaria among pregnant women in Tororo District, Uganda
Authors: Kakaire Charles Nelson , Christofides Nicola 
Published: July 2023

Background
Despite increased coverage of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) due to free distribution programs, ITN use in Uganda remains sub optimal among pregnant women. This study explored the relationship between constructs of a theoretical framework and Net use.

Objective
The study examined the role of constructs from the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) in determining ITN use amongst pregnant women 15–49 years in Tororo district, Uganda.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using a systematic sample was conducted among 230 pregnant women attending antenatal care. The questionnaire was administered by trained research assistants. Analysis was conducted to establish the relationship between ITN use and perceived susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy and response efficacy.

Results
Over three-quarters (78.6%) reported using ITNs the night before the study while 49.78% reported consistent Net use. High self-efficacy (AOR 9.48 95%CI 3.34–26.91) was associated with ITN use the previous night and consistent use. High perceived threat was associated with consistent ITN use (AOR 2.78, 95%CI 1.16–6.67) but not with Net use the previous night.

Conclusion
Self-efficacy was an important predictor of ITN use, as well as high levels of fear, as measured through perceived threat, which was associated with consistent ITN use, but not ITN use the previous night. Social and behavior change communication interventions should focus on improving self-efficacy to use ITNs.
Liraglutide in adolescents with simple obesity and gastrointestinal comorbidities: treatment experience
Authors: Vitebskaya A. V. , Popovich A. V. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Liraglutide was approved for treatment of obesity in children and adolescents since 12 years. Due to gastrointestinal (GI) side effects not all patients reach maximal dose; this can affect the efficacy of obesity treatment.AIM: To study efficacy and tolerability of liraglutide in adolescents with obesity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed medical data of adolescents with simple obesity and GI comorbidities before and in 3 months after start of liraglutide (BMI SDS; obesity complications; liraglutide side effects, and maximal doses), duration of therapy, reasons for discontinuation, and BMI SDS in 3–6 months after discontinuation.RESULTS: Liraglutide was administered for 10 adolescents (7 girls, 3 boys) 15.4 (13.5; 16.2) years with BMI SDS 3.3 (2.9; 3.7). Three months of treatment led to significant (p=0.001) decrease of BMI SDS till 2.8 (2.6; 3.5). Maximal dose of liraglutide was 3.0 mg (6 patients), 2.4 mg (2), 1.8 mg (1), and 1.2 mg (1). No correlation between maximal dose and BMI ΔSDS was detected. While dose titration patients complained of nausea (9), diarrhea (3), obstipation (1), and flatulence (1). In majority of cases complains were not dose-dependent. Only in 1 patient nausea and diarrhea that did not allow to increase liraglutide dose above 1.2 mg; additional investigation after discontinuation of therapy revealed GI infection.Therapy was discontinued in 3 months by 2 patients (1 — side effects, 1 — satisfactory result), in 4–5 months by 3 patients (1 — relapse of excessive weight gain, 2 — financial reasons), in 6 months by 1 patient (satisfactory result); 4 continued therapies. In 3–6 months after discontinuation of therapy BMI SDS increased and did not significantly differ from basal.CONCLUSION: Liraglutide is effective for treatment of obesity in adolescents and well tolerated by majority of patients. In case of pronounced adverse events additional GI investigation is recommended. Patients can discontinue treatment not only due to side effects, but also when they achieve their goal, and due to financial reasons.
Eating behavior features and preferred diets in underweight and obese young men
Authors: Mikhaylova N. I. , Pinkhasov B. B. , Sorokin M. Yu. , Selyatitskaya V. G. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Actual nutrition and eating behavior features affect the formation of excess or underweight which in turn are risk factors for the development of chronic non-infectious diseases.AIM: To assess eating behavior features and consumption of basic nutrients in relation to metabolic disorders in underweight and obese young men of military age.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 86 young men aged 18 to 23 years that were referred by military enlistment office due to violations in body weight and examined in the hospital. Participants were divided into 2 groups depending on the value of the body mass index (BMI): group 1 (n=41) — underweight (Uw) young men; group 2 (n=45) — obese (Ob) young men. Anthropometric, hormonal and biochemical parameters of the body were measured; the type of eating disorder (ED) was evaluated using the Dutch DEBQ questionnaire, the presence and severity of anxiety and depressive disorders were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; assessment of the actual diet was performed using «Somatonic» computer soft.RESULTS: Absolute intake of all essential nutrients was higher in Ob young men; the relative consumption of protein and cholesterol was higher in Uw young men, whereas relative fats intake was higher in Ob group. EDs were statistically significantly more common in Ob young men. The values of all anthropometric indicators were higher in Ob group, while Uw young men predominantly demonstrated deficiency of the body fat component which did not affect key hormonal and metabolic indicators values. In Ob young men carbohydrate metabolism hormonal regulation disorders along with increased blood pressure were revealed.CONCLUSION: The ratio of proteins and fats intake should be taken into account in dietary regimens composition; Uw young men need to increase the proportion of fat and reduce protein intake, whereas Ob young men on the contrary need to reduce the proportion of fat and increase amount of proteins enhancing energy expenditure due to the specific dynamic food action.
The Value of Strain Echocardiography in Predicting Electrical Progression in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hosseini Leila , Rezaeian Nahid , Sadeghpour Anita , Amirajam Zahra , Farzamnia Hamid , Asadian Sanaz , Bakhshandeh Hooman , Hosseini Sara , Emkanjoo Zahra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease characterized by the replacement of the normal myocardium with fibrofatty tissue. This study aimed to determine the value of echocardiographic RV deformation parameters in predicting electrical progression as assessed by serial changes in RV lead sensing and threshold in patients with arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy.

Methods
The present study recruited 40 patients with a definitive diagnosis of arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy at a mean (SD) age of 38.6 (14.2) years between 2018 and 2020. All patients had received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for the primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. The patients underwent 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiographic examinations and RV 2D and 3D strain analyses, comprising free-wall longitudinal strain, global longitudinal strain, and strain rate. They were then followed up for electrical progression.

Results
During a mean (SD) follow-up period of 20 (6) months, the RV lead amplitude decreased from 7.95 (IQR, 4.53-10.25) mV to 5.25 (IQR, 2.88-8.55) mV (P < .001), and the lead threshold increased from 0.75 (IQR, 0.50-0.79) V to 0.75 (IQR, 0.75-1.00) V (P < .001). Right ventricular 2D free-wall (ρ = 0.56, P = .01), RV 2D global (ρ = 0.58, P = .007), and RV 3D free-wall (ρ = 0.65; P = .003) longitudinal strain correlated with electrical progression.

Conclusion
Right ventricular 2D and 3D deformation parameters were found to be significant predictors of electrical progression during follow-up of patients with arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy. These findings suggest that echocardiography has a pivotal role in predicting patients at high risk for electrical progression.
The quest for certainty: Introducing zoning into a discretionary system in England and the European experience
Authors: Dembski Sebastian , O'Brien Phil 
Published: July 2023

The critique of planning and new proposals to reform the English planning system and “rethink planning from first principles” have led to the introduction of rules-based principles into what is regarded as the paradigm of a discretionary planning system, culminating in a recent White Paper, which it is claimed will create a faster and better planning system than the existing discretionary approach. But are these proposals based on an oversimplified understanding of the differences between discretionary and regulatory models, neglecting, for example, the negotiation between stakeholders and the flexibility which also exists in regulatory planning systems? Our contribution will review some of the recent changes of the English planning system and reflect on experiences with zoning in European countries to bust the myth that the planning reform claims to address: the possibility to combine faster decision making with better place making and less interference from local planning authorities.
Model Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal: Studi Kasus Desa Sampirang I (Satu) Kecamatan Teweh Timur, Kabupaten Barito Utara, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Haridison Anyualatha , Iskandar Dian , Gaffar Ummu Habibah 
Published: July 2023

Kemampuan pengembangan ekonomi desa merupakan salah satu cara untuk melihat kemandirian desa, namun tidak banyak desa yang mampu melakukannya untuk mencapai level kemandirian desa, salah satunya adalah Desa Sampirang I (Satu) yang mendapatkan label sebagai desa sangat tertinggal. Setiap desa memiliki potensi yang digunakan dalam pengembangan ekonomi, tanpa terkecuali Desa Sampirang I (Satu) yang berada di Kecamatan Teweh Timur, Kabupaten Barito Utara, Kalimantan Tengah. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi-potensi yang ada di desa, dan menemukan model pengembangan ekonomi yang tepat agar dapat menjadi rekomendasi bagi desa-desa dengan kondisi yang sama. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, maka penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan case study. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi literatur, indepth interview dan observasi non partisipan. Sementara itu analisis data dilakukan dengan model analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Desa Sampirang I (Satu) Memiliki berbagai potensi baik sumber daya alam terbarui, sumber daya manusia dan BUM Desa sebagai potensi kelembagaan yang merupakan modal awal dalam pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Namun hal tersebut belum dikonversi dan diaktualisasikan karena adanya disparitas pembangunan yang membuat high cost economic dan tidak adanya intrusi multi-sektor yang menyentuh desa. Oleh sebab itu, dalam model pegembangan ekonomi lokal harus dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu tahap inisiasi dan tahap aksi, pemerintah desa dan BUM Desa menjadi main actor dengan peran dominan pada masing-masing tahapan. Tahapan inisiasi didominasi oleh kekuasaan dan kewenangan pemerintah desa untuk melakukan pembuatan kebijakan yang berorientasi pada pengembangan perekonomian desa yang berkelanjutan, membuka kerja sama dengan berbagai pihak, melakukan percepatan pembangunan melalui lobby dan negosiasi dengan pemerintahan yang lebih tinggi, serta melakukan penguatan kelembagaan BUM Desa. Sementara itu tahap aksi, BUM Desa sebagai motor pengerak dengan mengktualiasasikan dan melakukan value upgrading dari produk hasil sumberdaya alam yang terbarui, serta marketing produk yang dihasilkan. Model pengembangan ekonomi lokal dapat dicapai jika adanya upaya optimal dari Pemerintah Desa dan BUM Desa bersama-sama dengan aktor lain baik public sektor, privat sektor, dan akademisi dalam jalinan kerjasama dan kemitraan serta kolaborasi untuk membangun ekonomi lokal yang berkelanjutan.
5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural reduces skeletal muscle superoxide production and modifies force production in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Ciarlone Geoffrey E. , Swift Joshua M. , Williams Brian T. , Mahon Richard T. , Roney Nicholas G. , Yu Tianzheng , Gasier Heath G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDecreased blood‐tissue oxygenation at high altitude (HA) increases mitochondrial oxidant production and reduces exercise capacity. 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) is an antioxidant that increases hemoglobin's binding affinity for oxygen. For these reasons, we hypothesized that 5‐HMF would improve muscle performance in rats exposed to a simulated HA of ~5500 m. A secondary objective was to measure mitochondrial activity and dynamic regulation of fission and fusion because they are linked processes impacted by HA. Fisher 344 rats received 5‐HMF (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle during exposure to sea level or HA for 72 h. Right ankle plantarflexor muscle function was measured pre‐ and post‐exposure. Post‐exposure measurements included arterial blood gas and complete blood count, flexor digitorum brevis myofiber superoxide production and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and mitochondrial dynamic regulation in the soleus muscle. HA reduced blood oxygenation, increased superoxide levels and lowered ΔΨm, responses that were accompanied by decreased peak isometric torque and force production at frequencies >75 Hz. 5‐HMF increased isometric force production and lowered oxidant production at sea level. In HA exposed animals, 5‐HMF prevented a decline in isometric force production at 75–125 Hz, prevented an increase in superoxide levels, further decreased ΔΨm, and increased mitochondrial fusion 2 protein expression. These results suggest that 5‐HMF may prevent a decrease in hypoxic force production during submaximal isometric contractions by an antioxidant mechanism.
Some aspects of the n-ary orthogonal and b
(α

n
,β

n
)-best approximations of b
(α

n
,β

n
)-hypermetric spaces over Banach algebras
Authors: Nezhad Akbar Dehghan , Paunovic Marija , Savic Ana , Radenović Stojan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, a definition of a

b

(

α

n

,

β

n

)

{b}_{\left({\alpha }_{n},{\beta }_{n})}

-best approximations of

b

(

α

n

,

β

n

)

{b}_{\left({\alpha }_{n},{\beta }_{n})}

-hypermetric spaces over Banach algebras is given. Our objective is to prove the concept of extension of fixed point theorems in

n

n

-ary orthogonal

b

(

α

n

,

β

n

)

{b}_{\left({\alpha }_{n},{\beta }_{n})}

-hypermetric spaces over Banach algebras.
Basic word order typology revisited: a crosslinguistic quantitative study based on UD and WALS
Authors: Yan Jianwei , Liu Haitao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study quantitatively examines the first five universals of Greenberg’s basic word order typology based on 74 large-scale annotated corpora from two perspectives. The results show that (1) the dominant orders extracted from corpora concur with those retrieved from the World Atlas of Language Structures (henceforth, WALS) and provide knowledge of dominant orders to languages absent in the WALS, demonstrating the feasibility of adopting corpora to determine dominant orders in typological studies; (2) approaching word order as a discrete variable suggests that the relative order of adjective and noun cannot be predicted by the relative orders of object and verb and genitive and noun, which means the violation of Greenberg’s related universal; (3) approaching word order as a continuous variable also indicates the violation of this universal; and (4) the language samples based on the annotated corpora database further demonstrates that languages that are in line with this universal are rare and internally heterogeneous. Our findings suggest the possibility of drawing typological conclusions based on the frequencies and probabilities extracted from corpora materials and demonstrate that a more cautious adoption of the well-known universals is needed, indicating the importance of viewing word order features from various perspectives to better capture the characteristics of natural languages.
Modifications of Longworth traps to prevent wear and improve catchability of shrews (Sorex spp.)
Authors: Tolkachev Oleg , Maklakov Kirill 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Longworth live traps are widely used for trapping mouse-sized rodents and shrews. However, they have a number of disadvantages: some have a manufacturing defect, resulting in reduced sensitivity; smaller species of shrews can pass under the treadle, avoiding capture; captured animals can gnaw specific parts of the sidewalls and decrease the durability of the traps. To increase the efficiency of catching small shrews, we added a movable tin ramp to the treadle of the Longworth live traps and used washers to improve the design. To repair and protect traps damaged by captured animals, we used tin patches. The modified traps were shown to be significantly better than the original traps in catching small shrew species (Sorex caecutiens Laxmann 1788, Sorex minutus Linnaeus, 1766). Tin patches reliably protected live traps from further damages by animals and do not affect their catching efficiency.