bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terawatt class space-time multiplexed chirped pulse amplification based Nd:glass laser system: development, performance characteristics and application
Authors: Sharma A. K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Twin energetic sub-picosecond duration laser pulses have been generated in air using space-time multiplexed chirped pulse amplification based all Nd:phosphate glass laser system. Multiple beam-lets are generated using beam splitting prior to compression to reduce energy fluence on compressor gratings and to avoid vacuum compressor. Eight pass all reflective single grating half Martinez grating pulse stretcher and complimentary double pass mixed grating Treacy compressor has been setup to provide stretching/ compression factor of 6x103 for ~ 200 fs laser pulses at 1055 nm, to avoid excess optical nonlinearities during amplification and propagation through optical elements. Stretched laser pulse with energy of 150 pJ is amplified using regenerative and four-pass power amplifier with an output pulse energy exceeding 2 J at minimum shot to shot interval of 90 s. Amplified stretched pulses are compressed to full width in range from 450 fs to 900 fs at half maxima, with partial compensation of gain narrowing with spectral broadening owing to accumulated nonlinear phase. Various issues of pulse compression in mixed grating compressor are discussed. For demonstration purposes, laser pulses have been applied to study nonlinear properties and modification of optical materials in air.
Feasibility Study of Using Mobile Phone-Based Experience Sampling to Assess Drug Checking by Opioid Street Drug Users
Authors: Swartz James A , Mackesy-Amiti Mary Ellen , Jimenez A. David , -Taylor Lisa D. Robison , Prete Elizabeth 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: To date, evaluations of take-home fentanyl (and/or benzodiazepine) test strip use – the most common form of drug checking services – and potential effects on overdose risk have relied on retrospective accounts for some preceding time period, usually a week to several months. Such accounts, however, are subject to recall and memory biases. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of using experiential sampling to collect daily information in situ on drug checking and associated overdose risk reduction – the primary outcomes - among a sample of street opioid users and compared the results to retrospective reports.
Methods: We recruited 12 participants from a Chicago-based syringe services program. Participants were 18 years of age or older, reported using opioids purchased on the street 3+ times per week in the past month, and had an available Android mobile phone. A phone-based app was programmed to collect daily drug checking information and provided to each participant along with a supply of fentanyl and benzodiazepine test strips and instructions for use over 21 days. Comparable retrospective data were collected via follow-up in-person surveys at the conclusion of daily report collection.
Results: We found a reasonably high rate of daily reporting (63.5%) with participants submitting reports on 160 “person-days” out of 252 possible days. Participants submitted daily reports an average of 13 of 21 days. Reports of test strip use frequency varied between the retrospective and daily reports with a relatively higher percentage of days/time using test strips obtained from the daily reports. We also found higher proportions reporting overdose risk reduction behaviors on the daily reports compared with the retrospective reviews.
Conclusions: We believe the results support using daily experience sampling to collect information on drug checking behaviors among street drug users. Although resource intensive in comparison to retrospective reports, daily reporting potentially provides more detailed information on test strip use and its association with overdose risk reduction and, ultimately, fewer overdoses. Needed are larger trials and validation studies of daily experience sampling to identify the optimum protocol for collecting accurate information on drug checking and overdose risk reduction behavior.
Oxygen-Dependent Blood Processes in Beck's Sarcoidosis
Authors: Glutkina N. V. , Zinchuk V. V. 
Published: January 2023

The objective: to assess the state of oxygen-dependent blood processes in patients with Beck's sarcoidosis.Subjects and Methods. Parameters of blood oxygen transport function and free radical lipid oxidation, as well as the content of nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen sulfide gas transmitters were assessed in the blood of 75 patients (41 women; 34 men) with Beck's sarcoidosis, stage 2 (the pulmonary mediastinal form).Results. In the pulmonary mediastinal form of sarcoidosis versus healthy individuals, there was a decrease in the degree of blood oxygen saturation from 65.4 (60.6; 67.8) to 41.50 (36.0; 49.8), p < 0.05, %, partial oxygen pressure from 40.0 (38.0; 47.0) to 23.0 (18.3; 29.0) mmHg, p < 0.05, and blood pH increased. A decrease in the index of hemoglobin affinity to oxygen p50real (26.80 (24.70; 31.40), p < 0.05, versus healthy individuals 28.2 (27.9; 29.1) mmHg) was revealed. The level of diene conjugates increased in plasma by 86.4% (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde increased in erythrocytes by 139.2% (p < 0.05), while the following parameters decreased: α-tocopherol (by 42.7 %, p < 0.05), retinol (by 41.9%, p < 0.05), reduced glutathione (by 30.4%, p < 0.05), and ceruloplasmin (by 22.3%, p < 0.05) in plasma. There was an increase in the concentration of nitrogen monoxide (from 15.42 (14.48; 17.71) to 17.09 (7.04; 25.09), mmol/L) and a decrease in hydrogen sulfide (from 29.01 (25.21; 37.03) to 13.08 (8.63; 20.46), mmol/L) in the blood in case of this pathology.Conclusion. There is a deterioration in the blood oxygen-binding properties in patients with Beck's sarcoidosis, stage 2, and as a consequence, tissue needs in oxygen are not adequately provided by blood circulation. There is an increase in the concentration of nitrogen monoxide and a decrease in hydrogen sulfide, which affects the oxygen transport function of blood which may be important for ensuring the processes of oxygen transfer to tissues. In this pathology, activation of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the level of antioxidant protection factors of blood were revealed which might be important for the genesis of this disease.
Specific Manifestations of Neurotoxicity of Some Drug Combinations for Treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis from the Perspective of Experimental Studies
Authors: Mozhokina G. N. , Samoylova A. G. , Vasilyeva I. A. , Burmistrova I. A. 
Published: January 2023

The objective: to evaluate comparative neurotoxicity of combinations of anti-tuberculosis and antimicrobial drugs with different and similar toxic potentials assessing behavioral changes in rats.Subjects and Methods: non-linear female rats divided in 3 groups were used in this study. For 14 days, the rats received a daily combinations of drugs: Group 1 – Mxf + Lzd + Cs + Pto, Group 2 – Mxf + Bdq + Cs + Z , and Group 3 – Bdq + Lzd + Cfz + Z. Neurotoxicity was assessed by changes in behavioral responses using Open Field Test. The number of crossed squares and racks was recorded which characterized horizontal and vertical activity, also peeping into burrows (exploratory activity), the number of groomings (washing and scratching) and physiological functions were registered.Results. In rats of Group 1 versus baseline parameters, we observed a significant limitation of horizontal motor activity and a sharp decrease (by 5 times) in exploratory activity, a 2.8-fold decrease in the number of groomings which indicated emotional suppression. In rats of Groups 2 and 3, the decrease in motor and exploratory activity was insignificant but there was a more pronounced emotional depression. The use of the Mxf + Lzd + Cs + Pto combination in which all drugs possessed a neurotoxic potential, led to diverse and profound changes in behavioral responses which indicated a pronounced neurotoxic effect.
Epidemic Situation Monitoring as a Basis for Improving the Quality of Medical Care for Socially Important Infectious Diseases in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kulikova I. B. , Parolina L. E. , Testov V. V. , Sterlikov S. A. , Burykhin V. S. 
Published: January 2023

The objective: to determine main directions for improving the epidemiological control over socially important infectious diseases (tuberculosis, HIV infection, viral hepatitis B and C) based on the study of epidemic signs and its determinants from 2010 to 2021.Subjects and Methods. The main Rosstat Forms no. 8, 33, 61, 4, 2, 12, C51 were studied. Epidemiological and statistical analysis and content analysis of publications were applied. Calculations and graphical data analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel 10.0 software package.Results. Epidemiological trends of socially important infectious diseases differ: in tuberculosis, acute hepatitis B and C, there is a decrease in morbidity and mortality; in chronic viral hepatitis B and C, there is stabilization with a slight decrease in morbidity rates (both chronic viral hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis C) and mortality (from chronic viral hepatitis B). Mortality caused by chronic viral hepatitis C increased, while HIV morbidity and mortality stabilized. Measures for improving the system of epidemic control over socially important infections include the timely detection of the disease, early start of etiotropic therapy, increase in the coverage with preventive examinations and vaccination, improvement of detection in the families exposed to infections and infection control activities in such families, and health education of the population.
Membrane Based Point-of-Use Drinking Water Treatment Systems
Authors: Labhasetwar Pawan Kumar , Yadav Anshul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Membrane-based PoU water treatment systems have proved to be a milestone in PoU water treatment eliminating various shortcomings of other water treatment technologies. The main driver of membrane-based PoU water treatment systems is that it works without the addition of chemicals, with relatively low energy usage, and easy and well-arranged process conductions. With improved technology, there is an inevitable need to understand the basic operational parameters, design and maintenance of membrane-based PoU water treatment systems to eliminate the repercussions of lack of knowledge.
The book describes membrane-based PoU water treatment systems and is divided into eight chapters. Chapter 1 explains the sources and contaminants in drinking water and the importance of removing these contaminants. Chapter 2 describes different units, advantages and limitations of the conventional water treatment plants and various PoU water treatment technologies. Chapter 3 covers components of membrane-based PoU water treatment systems. Chapter 4 describes the effective designing of various components of the membrane-based water treatment systems to make them more economical and practical. Modelling, simulation, and process optimisation of membrane-based PoU water treatment systems are included in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 includes operation and maintenance aspects, including pre- and post-treatment units. Techno-economic aspects of membrane-based PoU water treatment systems are elucidated in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 elaborates on national and international protocols for certification and system evaluation.
ISBN: 9781789062717 (paperback)
ISBN: 9781789062724 (eBook)
ISBN: 9781789062731 (ePub)
Role of β-blockers in Preventing Heart Failure and Major Adverse
Cardiac Events Post Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Johri Nishant , Matreja Prithpal S. , Maurya Aditya , Varshney Shivani , Smritigandha  
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
β-blockers have been widely utilized as a part of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
treatment for the past 40 years. Patients receiving β-adrenergic blockers for an extended period following
myocardial infarction have a higher chance of surviving. Although many patients benefited
from β-blockers, many do not, including those with myocardial infarction, left ventricle dysfunction,
chronic pulmonary disease, and elderly people. In individuals with the post-acute coronary
syndrome and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the appropriate duration of betablocker
therapy is still unknown. There is also no time limit for those without angina and those
who do not need β-blockers for arrhythmia or hypertension. Interestingly, β-blockers have been
prescribed for more than four decades. The novel mechanism of action on cellular compartments
has been found continually, which opens a new way for their potential application in cardiac failure
and other cardiac events like post-myocardial infarction. Here, in this review, we studied β-blocker
usage in these circumstances and the current recommendations for β-blocker use from clinical
practice guidelines.
Puerarin: An Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Authors: Singh Harinder , Kriplani Priyanka , Kamboj Sweta , Guarve Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Puerarin is a well-known anti-inflammatory agent which has demonstrated
its potential to cure numerous ailments. Though many plants are reported in the literature, still
their mechanisms are unversed. In this review, numerous mechanisms of puerarin to cure cancer
and other inflammatory disorders, pharmacokinetics and adverse events, and boulevards of further
research are discussed.

Methods:
Organized research was done using ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, Google
Scholar, Google Patents and ScienceDirect Medline to quest all the available data to date on
puerarin. Different keywords used were “puerarin”, “Pueraria tuberosa”, “cancer”, “antiinflammatory”,
“cardiovascular”, “IBD”, “pharmacokinetics” etc.

Results:
One hundred thirty-six articles and thirteen patents were studied. Puerarin is reported to
treat chronic problems like inflammation, sexual dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases and menaces
such as colon, stomach, lung and breast cancer by numerous mechanisms, as these ailments do
not progress via a single independent pathway.

Conclusion:
This article will definitely help budding researchers scrutinize the wealth of information
on the therapeutic chattels of puerarin and identify the gaps that have forbidden its application
as a potential molecule to cure various ailments.
Effects of a Life Skills Enhancement Program on the Life Skills and Risk Behaviors of Social Media Addiction in Early Adolescence
Authors: Kumkronglek Jedbordin , Sirisatayawong Pornpen , Chupradit Supat 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
This research aimed to develop and investigate the effects of a life skills enhancement program on the life skills and risk behaviors of social media addiction in early adolescence.

Methods:
This research used a quasi-experimental design for a controlled study with a pre-test and post-test that collected data through a general information questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Screening Scale: S-MASS, and a life skills test. There were 48 samples recruited by purposive sampling from 5 schools in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The life skills enhancement program was developed under the theory of cognitive and behavioral therapy in combination with group therapy or occupational therapy. The program had a total of 10 sessions, with 1 session per week for 60 minutes and 10 weeks in total.

Results:
For the results, a statistically significant difference in post-test SMASS scores between the control and experimental group was found (p<0.01). Moreover, a statistically significant difference in the experimental group between pre-test and post-test using S-MASS scores decreased significantly after participating in the program but not in the control group. This result is similar to the comparative data of life skills scores that revealed there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test only in the experimental group. For the comparative data between the control and experimental group, however, there were no statistically significant differences in pre-test and post-test life skills scores between the two groups.

Conclusion:
From the results, it can be summarized that the life skills enhancement program had affected an increase in life skills and a decrease in risky social media usage among adolescents.
Patent and Marketing Exclusivities 101 for Drug Developers
Authors: Oronsky Bryan , Caroen Scott , Brinkhaus Franck , Reid Tony , Stirn Meaghan , Kumar Raj 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Despite an ever-increasing need for newer, safer, more effective, and more affordable
therapies to treat a multitude of diseases and conditions, drug development takes
too long, costs too much, and is too uncertain to be undertaken without the conferment of
exclusionary rights or entry barriers to motivate and sustain investment in it. These entry
barriers take the form of patents that protect intellectual property and marketing exclusivity
provisions that are provided by statute. This review focuses on the basic ins and outs of
regulatory and patent exclusivities for which new chemical entities (NCEs), referring to
never-before approved drugs with an entirely new active ingredient, are eligible and uses
RRx-001, a small molecule aerospace-derived NCE in development for the treatment of
cancer, radiation toxicity, and diseases of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
(NLRP3) inflammasome, as a “real world” example. This is intended as a ‘101-type’ of
primer; its aim is to help developers of original pharmaceuticals navigate the maze of
patents, other IP regulations, and statutory exclusivities in major markets so that they can
make proper use of them.
Effect of Ice Bag Application to Femoral Region on Pain and Vital signs in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sokhanvar Shima , Tirgari Batool , Forouzi Mansooreh Azizzadeh , Salari Mehdi , Jahani Yunes 
Published: January 2023

Background:Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experience a great deal of pain and discomfort in the femoral region induced by femoral catheter removal, which can stimulate the sympathetic system and affect some vital signs.Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ice bag application to femoral region on pain and vital signs in patients with acute MI undergoing PCI.Methods:This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial study. The sample of this study consisted of 60 patients with acute MI undergoing PCI, including 30 patients per group, selected by convenience sampling method and assigned to intervention and control groups by block randomization method. The intervention included the use of an ice bag in the femoral catheter insertion site. Data collection tools included demographic information form, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and vital signs form. Femoral site pain and vital signs were measured in both groups before, during, and after femoral catheter removal. The data were entered into SPSS ver. 22. Using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Mann Whitney test, data were analyzed.Results:Two groups were matched in terms of all demographic and disease-related variables (p>0.05). Pain score was lower in intervention group than in control group during and after the intervention (p<0.0001). Also, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and temperature scores of the patients in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group during and after catheter removal (p<0.05). Respiratory rate of the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.005). No significant difference between the two groups in the mean of heart rate in all three time periods (p>0.05).Conclusion:Application of the ice bag on the femoral region is effective in stabilizing the vital signs and decreasing the pain caused by femoral catheter removal in MI patients undergoing PCI. Therefore, considering its low cost and complications, topical application of an ice bag, as a nursing intervention to control the pain and keep stable vital signs, is recommended.Clinical Trial Registration No:IRCT201511070249191N7.
Factors Influencing Quetiapine Pharmacokinetic Variability: A
Review of Population Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Methaneethorn Janthima 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Atypical antipsychotic quetiapine (QTP) exhibits high pharmacokinetic variability
and population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis is one of the approaches used to characterize
factors influencing QTP pharmacokinetic variability. Though QTP is not regarded as a narrow
therapeutic index drug, knowledge of this area is of importance. Thus, this review was conducted
to summarize significant predictors for QTP pharmacokinetic variability identified using
a PopPK analysis and to explore any knowledge gaps to be investigated. PubMed, Scopus,
and CINAHL Complete databases were searched for eligible studies, and 75 articles were identified.
Of these, only five studies were included as they were conducted using a nonlinear
mixed-effects approach. This review found that only limited predictors for QTP pharmacokinetics
were identified, with body weight being a predictor for the volume of distribution and
age and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase being predictors for QTP clearance. None of the studies included
elderly patients aged >65 years, and thus factors associated with aging were not investigated.
Also, most of the participants in the PopPK analyses were from clinical trials which
might not reflect real-world patients e.g., the impacts of polypharmacy may not be available.
Moreover, while a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model explaining QTP exposure
and clinical response using the scores of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale is available,
knowledge relevant to the relationship between exposure and QTP side effects has not been
explored. Based on this limited information, future PopPK research encompassing a wide range
of patient characteristics is required.