bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Practices and Nutrient Intake of Internally Displaced School Children in the West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Boh Nwachan Mirabelle , Aba Ejoh Richard , Lemfor Chefu Burnice 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims. Poor diets and subsequent malnutrition are among the greatest current societal challenges triggering immense health and economic burden especially among populations that are forcibly displaced. It is indispensable to establish the dietary patterns of any population, especially in displaced populations, in order to develop and effectively implement interventions for the specific population. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess dietary practices and nutrient adequacy of 307 internally displaced pupils aged between 5 and 15 years in the West Region of Cameroon. Pretested, structured interviewer questionnaires were used to collect data on the demographic and socioeconomic status of the children and their caregivers, the nutrition knowledge of caregivers, the dietary practices of the children, dietary diversity, their food sources, and coping strategies that were used during food shortage. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. The dietary diversity of the children was assessed at the individual level using FAO method of assessing women’s dietary diversity score. Results. Out of the total 307 children, 148 (48.2%) were boys and 159 (51.8%) were girls. During food shortages, most of the mothers/caregivers (72%) used borrowing as the main auxiliary food source and others (28%) used food as payment for work or begging. A majority of the children (56%) usually ate only two times in a day. Most of the children were of unacceptable or low dietary diversity (66.2%). The most frequently consumed food group was cereals as it was eaten by 21% of the children, seven or more times per week; meanwhile, the least was animal products with only 3% of the children consuming it seven or more times weekly. Their diets were energy-deficient (

1640.5
±
1.64

kcal) and unbalanced with daily inadequate protein (

18.45
±
1.13

g), vitamin A (

470.27
±
1.38

μg), and iron (

4.02
±
0.08

mg) intake. The nutrition knowledge of the mothers/caregivers was poor as less than half (41%) of them had an acceptable nutrition knowledge. Conclusion. The high prevalence of poor dietary patterns and poor nutrition knowledge imposes the necessity of developing nutritional interventions and education strategies aimed at promoting healthy eating habits in the children.
Longitudinal Study of Emotional Intelligence, Well-being, and Burnout of Surgical and Medical Residents
Authors: Wasfie Tarik , Kirkpatrick Heather , Barber Kimberly , Hella Jennifer R. , Anderson Tara , Vogel Mark 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI) as a concept is becoming increasingly relevant in the healthcare industry. In order to examine the relationship between EI, burnout, and wellness, we administered these measures quarterly in resident physicians and analyzed the variables in each subset to gain insights and understanding of their relationship. Methods In 2017 and 2018, all residents entering the training programs in year one (PGY-1) were administered The Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Short Form (TEIQue-SF), The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and The Physician Wellness Inventory (PWI). The questionnaires were completed quarterly. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results The overall combined PGY-1 resident year (n = 80) had an EI global trait mean score of 5.47 (SD: 0.59) at the beginning of their first year. The domains of burnout and physician wellness were examined across four different time points during the resident’s first year. Domain scores changed significantly over the four time points during the first year. There was a relative 46% increase in exhaustion ( P < .001), 48% increase in depersonalization ( P < .001), and an 11% decrease in personal achievement ( P < .001). Physician wellness domains also changed significantly between time 1 and the end of the year (time 4). There was a relative 12% decrease in career purpose ( P < .001), a 30% increase in distress ( P < .001), and 6% decrease in cognitive flexibility ( P < .001). Each burnout domain and physician wellness domain were highly correlated with emotional quotient (EQ). Emotional quotient was independently assessed with each domain at baseline and with changes overtime. The lowest EQ group reported their distress increased significantly over time ( P = .003) and a decline in career purpose ( P < .001) and cognitive flexibility ( P = .04). The response rate was 100%. Conclusion Emotional intelligence is associated with well-being and burnout in individual residents; therefore, it is important to identify those who require increased support during residency in order to succeed.
Geospatial Analysis of Prehospital Triage and Early Potential Preventable Traumatic Deaths
Authors: Klutts Garrett N. , Kalkwarf Kyle J. , Yang Yijiong , Gill Joseph P. , Wade Charles E. , Persse David , Wolf Dwayne A. , Deloach Joe P. , Smedley Weston A. , Corbin Seana L. , Schulz Kevin , Tabor Jeff , Bhavaraju Avi , Drake Stacy 
Published: February 2023

Severely injured patients often depend on prompt prehospital triage for survival. This study aimed to examine the under-triage of preventable or potentially preventable traumatic deaths. A retrospective review of Harris County, TX, revealed 1848 deaths within 24 hours of injury, with 186 being preventable or potentially preventable (P/PP). The analysis evaluated the geospatial relationship between each death and the receiving hospital. Out of the 186 P/PP deaths, these were more commonly male, minority, and penetrating mechanisms when compared with NP deaths. Of the 186 PP/P, 97 patients were transported to hospital care, 35 (36%) were transported to Level III, IV, or non-designated hospitals. Geospatial analysis revealed an association between the location of initial injury and proximity to receiving Level III, IV, and non-designated centers. Geospatial analysis supports proximity to the nearest hospital as one of the primary reasons for under-triage.
Development of a Pancreatic Fistula Prediction Model After Pancreaticoduodenectomy Based on a Decision Tree and Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Zheng Jisheng , Lv Xiaoqin , Jiang Lihui , Liu Haiwei , Zhao Xiaomin 
Published: February 2023

Background The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is high. We sought to develop a POPF prediction model based on a decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) algorithm after PD and to explore its clinical value. Methods The case data of 257 patients who underwent PD in a tertiary general hospital from 2013 to 2021 were retrospectively collected in China. The RF model was used to select features by ranking the importance of variables, and both algorithms were used to build the prediction model after automatic adjustment of parameters by setting the respective hyperparameter intervals and resampling as a 10-fold cross-validation method, etc. The prediction model’s performance was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under curve (AUC). Results Postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 56 cases (56/257, 21.8%). The DT model had an AUC of .743 and an accuracy of .840, while the RF model had an AUC of .977 and an accuracy of .883. The DT plot visualized the process of inferring the risk of pancreatic fistula from the DT model on independent individuals. The top 10 important variables were selected for ranking in the RF variable importance ranking. Conclusion This study successfully developed a DT and RF algorithm for the POPF prediction model, which can be used as a reference for clinical health care professionals to optimize treatment strategies to reduce the incidence of POPF.
Patterns and factors associated with consulting traditional healers on the care pathway of psychiatric patients in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Adel Shaden , Abdel Aziz Karim , El Tabei Dina , Mahfouz Noha Adel , El-Gabry Dina Aly 
Published: February 2023

Background: Despite the availability of mental health services in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), reluctance in seeking a mental health professional is widely prevalent. In many countries, psychiatric patients consult Traditional Healers (THs) prior to seeing mental health professionals. Data from the UAE on the pattern of consulting THs is limited. Aims: To investigate patterns and factors for visiting THs in psychiatric patients in Abu Dhabi, the capital of UAE. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients attending the adult psychiatry clinic, Maudsley Health, Abu Dhabi. We assessed 214 patients for the pattern and possible factors for contact with THs on their pathway to psychiatric care. Results: There were 58 males and 156 females. Most (43.5%) had a depressive disorder. Prior to consulting a mental health professional, 28% had seen a TH, of whom 36.7% had only one visit and 60% had seen only one TH. Advice from a friend or family member was the commonest reason for consulting THs (81.7%). Envy was the commonest explanation given by THs for symptoms (26.7%). Female gender and having a high school education or less significantly predicted contact with THs. Conclusions: Almost a third of our sample consulted THs prior to seeking psychiatric care. Closer collaboration with THs could help bridge the gap with psychiatrists to avoid delays in patients accessing psychiatric care, however caution is needed to mitigate the possible negative effects of such a collaboration.
The New Right and Aboriginal Rights in the High Court of Australia
Authors: Hobbs Harry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn resolving disputes, the High Court of Australia sometimes has cause to expound upon the relationship between the Australian State and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This article examines overblown and disingenuous New Right criticism directed towards the High Court in the aftermath of judgments deemed favourable to Indigenous Australians. It finds two themes recur in these attacks: that the High Court’s decision is undemocratic, or that the High Court has acted illegitimately. This article demonstrates that such claims are legally baseless. Drawing on quotes from major players in this debate, the article argues further that beneath this criticism lies a deeper angst over the sovereign foundations of Australia; an anxiety that reappears in arguments against contemporary calls for constitutional reform. As Australia nonetheless inches closer towards constitutional recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the ferocity of New Right censure suggests that the movement may fear the Australian people do not share their same suspicions.
Prognostic of red blood cell transfusion during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy on mortality: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Jing , Li Chaoyang , Wang Lin , Chen Yuguo 
Published: February 2023

Background This meta-analysis aimed to explore the impact of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on mortality during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Previous studies investigated the prognostic impact of RBC transfusion during ECMO on the risk of mortality, but no meta-analysis has been published before. Methods The PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for papers published up to 13 December 2021, using the MeSH terms “ECMO”, “‘Erythrocytes”, and “Mortality” to identify meta-analyses. Total or daily RBC transfusion during ECMO and mortality were examined. Results The random-effect model was used. Eight studies (794 patients, including 354 dead) were included. The total volume of RBC was associated with higher mortality standardized weighted difference (SWD = −0.62, 95% CI: −1.06,−0.18, p = .006; I2 = 79.7%, Pheterogeneity = 0.001). The daily volume of RBC was associated with higher mortality (SWD = −0.77, 95% CI: −1.11,−0.42, p < .001; I2 = 65.7%, Pheterogeneity = 0.020). The total volume of RBC was associated with mortality for venovenous (VV) (SWD = −0.72, 95% CI: −1.23, −0.20, p = .006) but not venoarterial ECMO ( p = .126) or when reported together ( p = .089). The daily volume of RBC was associated with mortality for VV (SWD = −0.72, 95% CI: −1.18, −0.26, p = 0.002; I2 = 0.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.642) and venoarterial (SWD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.32, −0.57, p < .001) ECMO, but not when reported together ( p = .067). The sensitivity analysis suggested the robustness of the results. Conclusion When considering the total and daily volumes of RBC transfusion during ECMO, the patients who survived received smaller total and daily volumes of RBC transfusion. This meta-analysis suggests that RBC transfusion might be associated with a higher risk of mortality during ECMO.
Perceptions of prognosis and end-of-life care outcomes in patients with advanced lung and gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Gray Tamryn F , Plotke Rachel , Heuer Lauren , Topping Carlisle EW , Nipp Ryan D , Wang Annie C , Gasca Banda Juan , Greer Joseph A , Temel Jennifer S , El-Jawahri Areej 
Published: February 2023

Background: Many patients with advanced cancer have misperceptions of their prognosis, which may impact end-of-life decision-making. Data regarding associations between prognostic perceptions over time and end-of-life care outcomes are lacking. Aim: To describe patients’ perceptions of their prognosis with advanced cancer and examine associations between these perceptions and end-of-life care outcomes. Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial of a palliative care intervention for patients with newly diagnosed incurable cancer. Setting/Participants: Conducted at an outpatient cancer center in the northeastern United States and patients were within 8 weeks of a diagnosis with incurable lung or non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancer. Results: We enrolled 350 patients in the parent trial, of which 80.5% (281/350) died during the study period. Overall, 59.4% (164/276) of patients reported they were terminally ill, and 66.1% (154/233) reported that their cancer was likely curable at the assessment closest to death. Patient acknowledgment of terminal illness was only associated with lower risk of hospitalizations in the last 30 days of life (OR = 0.52, p = 0.025). Patients who reported their cancer as likely curable were less likely to utilize hospice (OR = 0.25, p = 0.002) or die at home (OR = 0.56, p = 0.043), and they were more likely to be hospitalized in the last 30 days of life (OR = 2.28, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Patients’ perceptions of their prognosis are associated with important end-of-life care outcomes. Interventions are needed to enhance patients’ perceptions of their prognosis and optimize their end-of-life care.
Testing the Reciprocal Relationship Between Social Networks and Purpose in Life Among Older Adults: Application of a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model
Authors: Lee Gina , Martin Peter 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine if there are longitudinal reciprocal effects between social network size and purpose in life among older adults. Methods: Using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, the sample included 1485 male and 2058 female adults 65 years and older. We first computed t-tests to assess gender differences in social network size and purpose in life. In order to examine the reciprocal effects between social network size and purpose in life over four time points (2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020), a RI-CLPM (Model 1) was computed. In addition to the main model, two multiple group RI-CLPM analyses (Model 2 and 3) were computed to test the moderated gender effect on the relationship with models estimating unconstrained and constrained cross-lagged parameters. Results: The results of the t-tests denoted significant gender differences in social network size and purpose in life. The results indicated that Model 1 fit the data well. The carry-over effects of social networks and purpose in life and spill-over effect from wave 3 purpose in life on wave 4 social networks were significant. There were no significant differences between the constrained and unconstrained models testing for moderated gender effects. Discussion: The findings of the study highlight the significant carry-over effect of purpose in life and social network size over four years and the positive spill-over effect from purpose in life on social network size at the subsequent wave, which only appeared at the last time point.
Practicing Serious Illness Conversations in a Pulmonary Medicine Teaching Clinic
Authors: Pottash Michael , Suguness Arvind , Joseph Lily , Cuneo Brian , Woods Christian 
Published: February 2023

Background Physician trainees in pulmonary medicine are not provided with supervised practice opportunities to gain confidence and skill in having serious illness conversations in the ambulatory setting. Objective We incorporated a palliative medicine attending into an ambulatory pulmonology teaching clinic to provide supervised opportunities for serious illness conversations. Methods Trainees in a pulmonary medicine teaching clinic requested supervision from a palliative medicine attending based on a set of evidence-based pulmonary-specific triggers that indicate advanced disease. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine the trainee’s perceptions of the educational intervention. Results The palliative medicine attending supervised 8 trainees in 58 patient encounters. The most common trigger for palliative medicine supervision was answering “no” to the “surprise question.” At baseline, all trainees cited lack of time as the primary barrier to having serious illness conversations. Themes emerging from post-intervention semi-structured interviews included trainees learning that (1) patients are grateful to have conversations about the severity of their illness, (2) patients do not have a good sense of their prognosis, and (3) with improved skills, these conversations can be conducted efficiently. Conclusions Pulmonary medicine trainees were provided practice opportunities for having serious illness conversations under the supervision of the palliative medicine attending. These practice opportunities effected trainee perception on important barriers to further practice.
Embodied representation of approach and avoidance attitudes by language: Pro is forward, against is backward
Authors: Marrero Hipólito , Yagual Sara Nila , Díaz Jose Miguel , Gámez Elena , Lemus Alejandro , Urrutia Mabel , Nuez Aarón , Beltrán David 
Published: February 2023

Approach and avoidance have been incorporated into language by means of attitudinal verbs; for example, “Pedro admitted/blocked Rosa in WhatsApp.” Representation of attitudes in language would reuse previous motor reactions associated with individuals’ approach (forward) and avoidance (backward) towards stimuli. We examine the modulation of reading relationship-action sentences in the execution of concurrent motor actions. We manipulated the delay between the sentence display and the visual prompt for motor response: 300 ms and 800 ms. If approach-avoidance verbs recruit motor representations, sentence reading will modulate the execution of the motor action. We found that sentence interfered with motor action at 300 ms delay while facilitated it at 800 ms delay in congruent conditions: approach-forward and avoidance-backward. This result supports that sentence understanding and motor action execution share motor processes. Implications are discussed for embodiment of social cognition in the ambit of relationship actions and their interwoven with language to facilitate social navigation.
The Impact of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wanni Arachchige Dona Sithara , Badloe Nalini , Sciberras Emma , Gold Lisa , Coghill David , Le Ha N. D. 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the association between children’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2022. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted for studies that used the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Results: Twenty-three studies were included, with most rated as “good” quality. Meta-analysis found “very large” effect in both parent- (Hedges’ g −1.67, 95% CI [−2.57, −0.78]) and child-reported (Hedges’ g −1.28, 95% CI [−2.01, −0.56]) HRQoL for children with ADHD compared to children without ADHD. No difference between parent- and child-reported HRQoL in children with and without ADHD was found. However, parent-reported HRQoL was lower than child-reported HRQoL among children with ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD was associated with substantially poorer children’s HRQoL. Among children with ADHD, parents rated their children’s HRQoL lower than the children themselves.
Progress and Pitfalls in the Provision of Quality Care for Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care
Authors: Callen Elisabeth F. , Clay Tarin L. , Alai Jillian , Goodman David W. , Adler Lenard A. , Shields Joel , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Quality care for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has lagged behind other psychiatric disorders. We sought to assess how the achievement of quality measures (QMs) for diagnosing and treating ADHD in adults has changed over time. Method: We assessed 10 QMs in electronic health records (EHRs) from primary care and behavioral health clinics from 2010 to 2020 for 71,310 patients diagnosed with ADHD. Results: The achievement of QMs increased over time ( p < .001). Some showed increases to high levels; others remained low throughout the observation period. No patients achieved more than six of 10 QMs in any year. Small but significant effects for sex, race, ethnicity, practice ownership, practice type, and age. Conclusion: Increase in quality care from 2010 to 2020 along with clear evidence that more efforts are needed to improve quality of care for adults with ADHD seen in primary care.
Motivation, development and use of Ungdata Junior: An annual general survey among children in Norway
Authors: Løvgren Mette , Jacobsen Sigurd E. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Too often, the background activities of social science studies remain opaque; however, by describing the Ungdata Junior survey from its initiation to the present day, we illuminate the need to include children in quantitative survey research so that their opinions may be factored into the policymaking calculus. Aim: This article aims to describe the motivation, development and application of the annual large-scale Ungdata Junior survey constructed for children in Norway. Method: Ungdata Junior is an age-adjusted survey that monitors the life activities, experiences and emotions of children in grades 5 to 7. This survey is annual and has been completed thus far by more than 57,000 children between 2017 and 2021. Conclusions: We demonstrate that large-scale child-focused surveys are feasible and reasonable.