bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Specialty-Specific Physician Salaries and Percentage of Women in the Workforce
Authors: Mujahed Tala , Ofori-Atta Blessing S. , Codden Rachel , Greene Tom , Dudley Nanette , Kadish Howard , Drapkin Zachary 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Several studies have demonstrated that female physicians within specific specialties are compensated less than their male counterparts. Academic institutions seek to address this using Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) data for benchmarking and starting salary standardization. However, few studies address whether there is an association between percentage of women across specialties and mean salary for each specialty. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an association between mean salary and percentage of women in various specialties.

Method
This cross-sectional study used AAMC Faculty Salary Report data for fiscal year 2022. Surveys were sent to 155 U.S. accredited medical schools, of which 153 schools participated (99% response rate). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the association between mean specialty salary, calculated as the weighted mean of male and female salaries for each specialty, and the percentage of women in each specialty using a generalized linear gamma mixed model.

Results
Analysis using data from 124,480 full-time faculty at 153 accredited U.S. medical schools indicated that as the percentage of women in a specialty increases, mean salary decreases. This finding was true for all specialties (r = −0.65), medical specialties (r = −0.83), pediatric specialties (r = −0.80), and surgical specialties (r = −0.73). Multivariable analysis accounting for rank, pediatric vs nonpediatric specialties, procedural vs nonprocedural vs mixed specialties, and years of training showed that every 10% increase in percentage of women in a specialty was associated with a 7% decrease in salary independent of other factors.

Conclusions
An inverse correlation between percentage of women in a specialty and mean salary for that specialty was observed even when controlling for confounding factors. This trend is worth noting because AAMC data are often used as a benchmark to establish physician starting salaries.
Hemostatic Efficacy of TachoSil in Loop Electrosurgical Excisional Procedure: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kim Junhwan , Park Jeong-Yeol 
Published: January 2025

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of the fibrin sealant patch (TachoSil) after loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP) and its influence on other complications and quality of life (QoL).

Materials and Methods
This single-blind, prospective, randomized study involved patients undergoing LEEP with or without TachoSil (1:1) between August 2014 and August 2015 in Asan Medical Center, Korea. Primary outcome measures were bleeding duration and the frequency of additional treatment owing to vaginal bleeding within 2 weeks after LEEP. Secondary outcome measures were vaginal bleeding volume using pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score, the amount of vaginal discharge, the frequency of external genitalia, vaginal, and cervical infections within 2 weeks after LEEP, and changes in QoL.

Results
Of the 140 patients enrolled, 126 (90.0%) were successfully followed up and analyzed. The median vaginal bleeding duration and frequency of additional treatment owing to vaginal bleeding showed no significant difference in the TachoSil applied and nonapplied groups (p = .96 and p = .61, respectively). In addition, no significant difference was also observed in vaginal bleeding volume between 2 groups (p = .64). In subgroup analysis for patients who underwent large LEEP (the longest dimension of ≥2 cm), significant improvement was observed at physical functioning in QoL at 2–3 (p = .03) and 6 weeks (p = .03) after LEEP of the TachoSil applied group, compared to the nonapplied group.

Conclusions
TachoSil did not demonstrate significant hemostatic efficacy after LEEP. However, TachoSil improved patient recognition on physical function in patients who underwent large LEEP.
Short-term effects of upstream high bolus dose of tirofiban in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Abouelnour Amr E.I. , Mohammed Eman Q. , Fouad Doaa A. , Tohamy Aly 
Published: January 2025

Background
No-reflow following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is challenging to treat.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of upstream high-bolus-dose tirofiban administration in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cases undergoing PPCI on top of dual antiplatelet therapy, including ticagrelor, in comparison to selective bailout administration.

Methods
This hospital-based, randomized, single-blinded prospective interventional study was conducted on 150 patients at Assiut University Heart Hospital. Patients with STEMI within 12 h after symptom onset who underwent PPCI were randomized to an upstream group (n = 75) and a selective bailout group (n = 75) based on the timing of the tirofiban bolus administration (25 µg/kg intravenously over 5 min).

Results
The bailout group’s thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count was higher than the upstream group’s, despite comparable TIMI flow and myocardial blush grade between the two groups, but only approached statistical significance [14.4 (4–36) vs 12.2 (5–55), P = 0.08]. The enzymatic infarct size tended to be lower in the upstream group. All echocardiographic findings were comparable between the two studied groups, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding clinical outcomes.

Conclusion
Compared to selective bailout administration, upstream high bolus dose of tirofiban in STEMI patients undergoing primary coronary intervention did not significantly affect angiographic outcomes, left ventricular remodeling, or function, despite smaller infarction size.
Adherence to Oral Anticancer Agents Among Adults With Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer
Authors: Chen Yongfeng , Ng Marques Shek Nam , Zhang Mengyue , Chan Carmen Wing Han 
Published: January 2025

Background
Patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer reported suboptimal adherence to oral anticancer agents (OAAs), reducing their therapeutic benefit and increasing mortality risk. A scoping review can comprehensively map available evidence on adherence to OAAs and inform appropriate support to improve treatment outcomes.

Objective
The aim of this study was to comprehensively map studies on adherence to OAAs among adults with gastrointestinal tract cancer, including the adherence rate, nonadherence reasons, influential factors, management strategies, and theories that guide these studies.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist and the 5-stage methodological framework of scoping review were followed. According to the 5 research questions, 7 databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed original studies, and a narrative synthesis was performed.

Results
Fifty-two studies were included. Adherence ranged from 16.7% to 100%, giving a median rate of 68% by self-report. Seven categories of nonadherence reasons were identified, with adverse effects, cancer progression, patient refusal, and forgetfulness being most frequently reported. Furthermore, more than 40 influential factors were identified. They are related to patient, disease condition, therapy, socioeconomic, and healthcare-system dimensions. Education and follow-up care were the main components of management strategies, but the effectiveness was inconsistent. Currently, only 3 of 52 studies adopted theoretical frameworks.

Conclusion
Adherence to OAAs among adults with gastrointestinal tract cancer is suboptimal. Future studies with rigorous designs and theoretical frameworks are needed to develop adherence-enhancing strategies and explain theoretical mechanisms.

Implications for Practice
Routine assessments and preventive actions are suggested to delay modifiable nonadherence.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Berry Syndrome by Fetal Echocardiography
Authors: Ren Jie , Huang Xiang-yang , Zhang Chao-Xue , Yang Dong-Mei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Berry syndrome is a rare combination of cardiac malformations, which is characterized by the following malformations, including the aortopulmonary window, aortic right pulmonary origin, interrupted aortic arch or hypoplastic aortic arch or coarctation of the aorta, and an intact ventricular septum. There are few reviews on prenatal diagnosis of Berry syndrome by fetal echocardiography. We used sequential cross-sectional scanning from apex to bottom of the heart to find aortic right pulmonary origin, aortopulmonary window, and hypoplastic aortic arch. This process is like opening a Chinese scroll painting, and the picture gradually extends to reveal the whole picture. As far as we concerned, this is the first report of prenatal diagnosis with Berry syndrome through sequential cross-sectional scanning.
The capability of plant-bacteria consortia to reduce the genotoxicity of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in the environment
Authors: Novoyatlova Uliana S. , Kessenikh Andrew G. , Kononenko Neonila V. , Baranova Ekaterina N. , Chalkin Stanislav Ph. , Bazhenov Sergey V. , Manukhov Ilya V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) despite its proven high toxicity continues to be used in rocket technology and some other areas of human activity. In this work, the ability of plant-bacteria consortia to reduce the genotoxicity of UDMH incomplete oxidation products was investigated. Genotoxicity was assessed using a specific lux-biosensorEscherichia coliMG1655 pAlkA-lux sensitive to DNA alkylation in cell. For microbiological biodegradation, theBacillus subtilisKK1112 strain was obtained by the isolation from soil with a subsequent selection for resistance to high UDMH concentrations (more than 5000 MAC). Its ability to biodegrade UDMH was shown by observing the reduction of DNA alkylation of the KK1112-treated UDMH. The ability of KK1112 cells to act in a bacterial-plant consortium with following fodder halo-phytes was studied:Bromus inermisLeyss,Medicago variaMart. andPhleum pratenseL. A synergistic reduction in the alkylating properties of UDMH oxidation products was observed under the combined use of bacteria and plant seedlings. The greatest effect was obtained when bacteria was used in combination withB. inermis. It was shown that KK1112 cells accelerate the seedlings development and mitigate the growth inhibition that occurs during incubation with UDMH. The obtained results indicate that it is optimal to introduce the bacterium KK1112 in combination withB. inermisplants for soils in arid climate zones during reclamation after UDMH exposure.
Antisense Oligonucleotide Quantification via Splint-Ligation PCR Assay in Non-Human Primate Central Nervous System Tissues and Biofluids
Authors: Jepp Thomas , Christian Sarah , Dindot Scott V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAntisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are chemically modified single-stranded oligonucleotides used to modulate the expression or processing of a target RNA transcript. The development of ASOs to treat human disease requires extensive preclinical studies in animal models. A critical component of these studies is determining the concentration of the ASO in tissues and biofluids, which are used to estimate the distribution, half-life, and dose-response relationship. The methods used to quantify ASOs are often constrained by low sensitivities, poor dynamic ranges, and the use of highly specialized equipment. Here, we describe the development of a Splint-Ligation-based quantitative PCR assay to measure the concentration of ASOs in nonhuman primate tissues and biofluids. Our results show that the Splint-Ligation Assay is highly sensitive and has a broad dynamic range in nonhuman primate central nervous system tissues and biofluids, ranging from picomolar to micromolar concentrations. Overall, our results show that the Splint-Ligation PCR Assay is a reliable, sensitive, and feasible method of ASO quantification.
Constraints on the
U(1)B−L
model from global QCD analysis
Authors: Wang X. G. , Hunt-Smith N. T. , Melnitchouk W. , Sato N. , Thomas A. W. ,   [JAM collaboration (BSM Analysis Group) ]
Published: January 2025

We perform the first global QCD analysis of electron-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering and related high-energy data including the beyond the Standard Model U(1)B−L gauge boson, Z′. Contrary to the dark photon case, we find no improvement in the χ2 relative to the baseline result. The finding allows us to place exclusion limits on the coupling constant of the Z′ with mass in the range MZ′=2 to 160 GeV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Dual-class share structure and financial constraints
Authors: Ahamed Fatematuz Tamanna , Nurul Houqe Muhammad , van Zijl Tony 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of dual-class share structures, where share structure is measured by the existence of a dual-class structure and also by excess voting rights and the proximity of the superior class shareholders in such structures, on financial constraints.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applies regression analyses to a sample of 2,466 observations on non-financial US firms over the period 2002–2018. The methods include regression with industry and year fixed effects, “propensity score matching” approach to match the dual-class firms with non-dual class firms and alternative measures of financial constraints.

Findings
The result shows that irrespective of how dual-class share structure is measured, it increases the level of financial constraints, except where dual-class share structure is measured by the proximity of superior class shareholders. Among the additional tests, the HM index has been used as a measure of financial constraints, and the findings show that the impact of dual-class structures on financial constraints appears to be driven by their effect on debt constraints. Finally, the findings are robust when the authors address endogeneity issues and remain consistent when the authors use alternative measures and tests.

Practical implications
The study has important implications for investors, regulators and policymakers, as it could help an understanding of the effect of the potential for conflict between superior class shareholders and other shareholders.

Originality/value
The results from the study support earlier literature on the impact of dual-class share structure on financial constraints. However, the study also provides new evidence on the different dimensions of dual-class share structure and financial constraints. Furthermore, the hand-collected data set on dual-class firms and the values of their voting wedge and the proximity of superior class shareholders may be useful to other researchers.
Integrating Industry 4.0 and circular economy in the UAE construction sector: a policy-aligned framework
Authors: Flores Lara Juan Carlos , El Fadel Mutasem , Khalfan Malik Mansoor Ali 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis study addresses the integration of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies with circular economy (CE) principles in the UAE construction sector, aligning with the UAE Circular Economy Policy 2021–2031 (UAECEP). It explores how digital tools can facilitate sustainable construction practices by enhancing resource efficiency, reducing waste and supporting circularity across the building life cycle.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify frameworks that integrate I4.0 technologies with CE principles. Based on the review, a conceptual framework was developed and refined to meet the UAE construction sector’s specific needs, focusing on applying digital tools at different stages of construction.FindingsIntegrating I4.0 tools, including building information modeling (BIM), the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), can enhance resource efficiency, reduce waste and promote sustainability in the UAE’s construction sector. The framework aligns digital transformation efforts with the UAECEP, indicating these technologies’ applicability in design, construction, operation and end-of-life stages. Key challenges include high initial costs, technical limitations and the need for regulatory support.Originality/valueThis study offers a novel framework tailored to the UAE construction sector, bridging the gap between policy objectives and practical implementation. It provides strategies to overcome local challenges through stakeholder collaboration and digital innovation, contributing to the UAE’s sustainability goals.
Ambiguity-driven asset price misalignment and its policy implications
Authors: Feghhi Kashani Mohammad , Ziyaee Zahra 
Published: January 2025

PurposeImplications of ambiguity for the dynamics of asset prices and wealth distribution are the chief concern of this study.Design/methodology/approachIn a continuous-time stochastic macro setting characterized by heterogeneous agents and financial friction with perfect “skin-in-the-game” for productive agents, we derive analytically and then illustrate numerically how ambiguity aversion would impinge on the agents’ consumption share and precautionary motives, sowing the seeds for asset price misalignment and thereby calling for appropriate policy response.FindingsThe agents’ ambiguity-aversion triggers a low real risk-free rate, fewer consumption shares, higher precautionary savings and wealth redistribution, inducing misalignment in asset prices. The distortion entails welfare loss for all agents, making a case for conventional monetary and fiscal policy design and analysis. For a given degree of ambiguity aversion, the dividend and capital value taxations could mitigate the asset price misalignment though causing a welfare loss as they are distortionary in turn. However, conventional monetary policy could lessen the asset price distortion and improve the welfare of at least a subset of agents if it is fine-tuned well.Originality/valueCharacterizations of ambiguity-driven asset price misalignments along with redistributive implications of ambiguity and their reflections for asset price volatility, leverage, welfare and fiscal and monetary policy conduct and analysis are the key contributions of this study.
Oryx Desert Salt: grand ambitions for global growth
Authors: Urban Boris , Townsend Stephanie Althea 
Published: January 2025

Learning outcomes
At the end of the case discussion, students should be able to trace the journey of launching a start-up by evaluating how opportunities and hurdles can be navigated throughout the international entrepreneurial process; assess the increasing trend towards internationalisation for start-ups and identify a range of factors contributing to the growth in global entrepreneurship; formulate an argument highlighting the role of the networking and partnerships when adopting a global strategy; propose how a firm could develop a unique mix of resources to obtain a sustained competitive advantage globally against other firms; and make an informed decision regarding various issues that entrepreneurs need to consider when going global and analyse how they can effectively deal with a crisis they may face.

Case overview/synopsis
Oryx Desert Salt is sourced from ancient, unpolluted, sustainable underground salt lakes in the pristine and remote uninhabitable Kalahari semi-desert of South Africa. Samantha Skyring is the founding CEO of Oryx Desert Salt. Her inspiration for the name was her 120-km, one-week walk through the Namib Desert in 2000, when she had several close encounters with the Oryx Gazelle, becoming the symbol of that Kalahari experience. Oryx products currently feature on the tables of between 1,500 and 2,500 local restaurants country-wide, and in the retail sector, Oryx salt is on the shelves of about 1,000 stores of retailers, plus in several health shops and deli’s countrywide. Regarding the business’s global footprint, Oryx Desert Salt currently exports to 23 countries and is also available on Amazon.com. Notwithstanding that Samantha Skyring has succeeded in making Oryx Desert Salt the well-known local household brand she had intended; she is contemplating greater international expansion and reach. She has envisioned Oryx salt to become a respected global household brand, in the same way Himalayan pink salt gained popularity worldwide as a gourmet salt. Given Samantha’s challenge of finding suitable speciality distributors in the different countries to help get her product in restaurants and retail, what would be the best approach to achieve her vision of becoming a global brand? To what extent could she capitalise and leverage various resources to further globalise Oryx’s business operations? How could she ensure that the extent and diversity of global reach provides Oryx Desert Salt with a sustained competitive advantage?

Complexity academic level
Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Management, Executive Education

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Audit and financial communication quality: the moderating role of internal governance mechanisms
Authors: Zouari-Hadiji Rim , Mroua Wafa 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effect of audit quality (auditor expertise and discretionary accruals) on financial communication quality and to distinguish the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms (board size, CEO duality, board gender diversity and block ownership) on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachLinear regression is used to analyze the annual reports of 150 nonfinancial firms that belong to the CAC All-tradable index for the period 2015–2023.FindingsThe empirical results show that auditor expertise has a positive and significant effect on financial communication quality. Furthermore, board size reinforces the negative effect of discretionary accruals on financial communication quality. However, CEO duality and block ownership attenuate the positive effect of auditor expertise on the dependent variable.Research limitations/implicationsOur research covers three areas of research, i.e. audit quality, corporate governance and financial communication research. It presents the moderator role of some governance mechanisms on the relation between audit and financial communication quality. Furthermore, it aims to identify best practices in the governance system that attempt to facilitate and improve the positive impact of audit quality on the quality of financial communication, which increases stakeholder confidence in the firm. We caution readers from generalizing the findings of this study, as our study is based on a well-developed sample. Also, it is limited only to annual reports to measure the financial communication index without looking at other information transmission channels.Originality/valueThis study investigates the moderating role of internal governance mechanisms in the relationship between audit quality and financial communication quality in the French context.