bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine Lavage
Authors: Lazzarotto A. L. 
Published: March 2023

For many years practitioners, including myself, have attempted to treat acute toxic metritis by flushing a variety of solutions into the uteruses of affected cows. We have relied primarily on the dilution effect of our solutions or their antibacterial activity to induce recovery. Frequently, the stress of adding additional pressure to the uterine lining as we pumped gallons of fluids into these cows was more than the animal's health could tolerate.
Over time our practice introduced many modifications including modifying the ends of the nasogastric tubes to minimize the trauma to the uterine wall, multiple ports for the discharge of water from the end of the tube, dual tubes (one input, one output) and even calf drenching kits.
Studies on Efficacy of Copper Glycinate in Clinical Babesiosis in Crossbred Cattle
Authors: Randhawa S. S. , Randhawa C. S. , Sawhney S. M. S. 
Published: March 2023

Bovine babesiosis, a tick borne infectious haemoprotozoan disease of cattle, has been reported to be prevalent in Europe, Africa, South America and Asia including India1,2. The disease is of immense importance in tropical and subtropical countries including India, causing heavy mortality and morbidity in exotic and crossbred animals. A large number of babesicidal compounds have been used effectively for treatment of bovine babesiosis1. Copper glycinate has been extensively used for the effective treatment of post-parturient haemoglobinuria (PPH) as well as for the treatment of certain copier responsive primary or secondary copper deficiency conditions3,4. However, results of preliminary clinical observations revealed its efficacy against bovine babesiosis5.
The haemoglobinuria in bovine babesiosis has been ascribed to increased intravascular destruction of red cells by the parasites with the release of free haemoglobin in urine6. It was reported that the degree of anaemia in clinical babesiosis was out of proportion to the degree of parasitaemia which could indicate that intravascular haemolysis was not only of parasitized red cells but also of some unparasitized red cells5. The present investigation was carried out to confirm the preliminary observations of the efficacy of copper glycinate against clinical bovine babesiosis and to elucidate the role of lipid peroxidation in the genesis of haemolysis in bovine babesiosis by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde in the red blood cells, plasma and urine of affected and healthy cattle. Malondialdehyde, being one of the product, is a sensitive indicator of the lipid peroxidation.
Morphological Investigations of the Forestomach in Cows Suffering From Hoflund Syndrome
Authors: Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. , Rehage J. , Yalcin E. 
Published: March 2023

Since HOFLUND's explanation (1) of a functional stenosis of either the bovine forestomach or the pylorus due to damages of the vagal nerve in 1940, this hypothesis is discussed controversially. In addition disturbances of the beforementioned extrinsic nerve system, mechanical influences are discussed to be the origin of this disease (2,3). As an extrinsic control system the vagal nerves are responsible for a coordionated contraction of the ruminant forestomach. These nerves originating from the gastric centre in the medulla oblongata are consisting of predominantly afferent fibres and some efferent, preganglionic nerve fibres ( 4). The efferent fibres are communicating with intramurally located ganglia. Recently published data present that the intramural neurons, also named as intrinsic nerve system are able to initiate reticulo-ruminal contraction (9,10).
Purpose of this study was to evaluate morphological alterations ofvagal and intramural nerve fibres, intramural neurons and inflamamtory changes in the wall of the forestomachs and abomasum of cows suffering from HOFLUND's Syndrome.
La Fatigue Du Diaphragme
Authors: Desmecht D. , Linden A. , Amory H. , Lekeux P. 
Published: March 2023

The effect of experimentally-induced pneumonia on diaphragmatic strength generation was studied in spontaneously breathing calves.
Five healthy male Friesian calves, 7 to 15 days old and weighing 44.5 ± 1.9 kg (mean± SE) were exposed to intratracheal instillation of 30 ml Pasteurella hemolityca Al broth (5.10 9 to 5.101° CFU/ml) in logarithmic phase of growth. The diaphragm was electrically stimulated via intracaval platinum electrodes mounted on a 12-gauge catheter introduced in the right jugular vein. The transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated at functional residual capacity against occluded airways during supramaximal (60 V) 2-sec stimulations applied over a frequency range of 10-100 Hz was measured using conventional balloon catheters systems. The procedure was repeated before, 3, 6 and 9 hours after inoculation.
Full article in French, English and German summaries in PDF.
Glycoprotein Vaccine Against IBR
Authors: Vandeputte J. , Brun A. , Lacoste F. , Saint-Marc B. 
Published: March 2023

Five cattle were twice vaccinated. The interval between the vaccinations was 28 days.
Five cattle served as non-vaccinated controls. 348 days after the first vaccination, one non-vaccinated control animal was intranasally challenged with 5 .105 TCID50 of virulent BHV1 virus. It served as contact excreter animal for all the other non vaccinated controls and the vaccinates.
After challenge, the following treatments were performed:- three previously vaccinated animal, and two non-vaccinated controls received one dose of vaccine at day D 390 and day D 411 after challenge while the remaining five animals did not.- all the animals were treated with dexamethazone during 5 days at day D 455 after challenge (I.V. 1st day, I.M. 4 days).
Vaccination significantly reduced virus excretion and clinical signs after challenge. Some of the vaccinated animals (vaccination before challenge) were protected against recrudescence after dexamethazone treatment.
Detailed results will be presented and discussed in the context of control of BHV1.
Viral Infections and Respiratory Disease in Dairy-Bred Calves
Authors: Caldow G. L. , Edwards S. , Peters A. R. 
Published: March 2023

After salmonellosis respiratory disease probably remains the most important condition of market purchased dairy bred calves. Treatment rates for respiratory disease have been found to exceed 30% during the first three months of the rearing phase (1) and this disease is therefore responsible for significant losses in terms of animal performance, veterinary costs and labour irrespective of the implications for the welfare of the young calf.
The association between respiratory virus infection and clinical respiratory disease has been demonstrated in weaned beef calves and in home reared dairy calves, but in calves less than three months of age there was little evidence of viral involvement (2 and 3). However disease monitoring on one calf rearing unit led to the observation that despite good response to antibiotic therapy, the outbreaks of sudden onset high morbidity respiratory disease seen in calves less than three months of age, had a possible viral aetiology. To explore this further the following study was carried out.
Bekämpfung der BHV-1- Infektionen des Rindes aus staatlicher Sicht
Authors: Bätza H. -J. 
Published: March 2023

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) - infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) is an infection with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1 ). Main organs in which the serologically and immunologically identical but biologically different virus strains become manifest are the respiratory tract (IBR) and the genital tract (IPV) (in bulls infectious balanoposthitis - IBP). One particular feature of this infectious disease is that infected animals, as a rule, carry the virus for the rest of their life.
As a venereal disease transmitted by mating IPV/IBP is subject to government control measures if breeding results are affected in a negative way or if there is concern about the disease having spread; IBR is not covered by any government control system as the criteria for general government control do not apply to this virus disease.
It is possible for producers to protect themselves from economic losses through vaccination; this is also true of long-distance transport of cattle from stocks which are under suspicion.
Studies available hitherto from the Federal Republic of Germany have shown that - with regional variations - there is a high percentage of herds that are serologically free from BHV1 antibodies.
Under these conditions it seemed helpful to issue guidelines for the protection of free cattle breeding herds as well as for the sanitation of infected ones on a voluntary basis (for example certain herds, regions or breeding associations).
These recommendations lay down the conditions under which- a cattle herd is to be considered as unsuspected of BHV1- this status can be maintained and- a herd can be freed from the disease by means of reactor removal or vaccination.For certification of unsuspected herds the guidelines recommend blood or milk testing.
Full article in German, English and French abstracts on PDF.
Efficacy of Danofloxacin in the Therapy of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia in Housed Beef Cattle
Authors: Tolling S. T. , Barthel H. , Giles C. J. , Isla M. , Mencarelli A. , Thomasson C. 
Published: March 2023

Danofloxacin* is an antimicrobial of the fluoroquinolone class, and has shown potent in vitro activity against the major bacterial pathogens involved in respiratory disease, Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida(1). Pharmacokinetic studies with danofloxacin in cattle have demonstrated an attractive profile. The drug is rapidly absorbed and distributed to respiratory tract tissues and secretions following intramuscular or subcutaneous administration ( 2, 3) . This paper summarizes the results of 11 studies in beef cattle conducted in Europe. The efficacy of danofloxacin against naturally occurring outbreaks of acute pneumonia was evaluated in comparison with oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/sulpha.
Spanish and French summaries on PDF.
Changing Pattern of Health Problems Since the Introduction of Milk Quotas
Authors: Kelly J. M. , Whitaker D. A. , Smith E. J. 
Published: March 2023

During the past 30 years the UK dairy industry has undergone many changes. Among the more dramatic has been the marked increase in milk production from individual cows, whereas the number of dairy herds in the country has decreased significantly and the size of the herds has increased accordingly. As a result before the introduction of milk quotas in 1984 there were nearly the same number of cows producing more milk on a smaller number of more intensively farmed units.
Milk quotas have resulted on marked changes in the husbandry practices in many farms. Herd numbers are continuing to drop but cow numbers are also falling. The Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service (DHHPS) (5) which over the past 15 years has involved some 300 veterinary practices and over 1000 dairy farms throughout the UK has provided regular information on disease occurrence and on the adequacy of nutrition and management in relation to health and productivity.
Transmission of Bovine Leukemia Virus By Rectal Palpation
Authors: Divers Thomas J. 
Published: March 2023

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), a C-type retrovirus, is horizontally spread in cattle by infected lymphocytes.[1] Infection with the BLV is lifelong.
Several routine management procedures have been implicated in the transmission of BLV, especially manual dehoming and use of contaminated needles.[2,3) There are both questions and concern regarding the probability of transmitting BLV infections in cattle during rectal palpation.[4) This concern seems especially pertinent since almost all breeding-age cattle receive multiple rectal examinations to evaluate the reproductive tract, and rectal sleeves are often not changed when cattle in the same herd are being palpated. There have also been experiments which have shown that BLV infection in cattle can occur by transferring infected blood into the rectum.[5,6,7] In these studies, infective blood was either purposely infused into the rectum of cows and calves or was inoculated onto the rectal sleeve prior to palpating calves.
The intent of this study was to determine if bovine leukemia virus could be transmitted by more routine rectal examination of BLV-negative, breeding age, cattle.
German and French abstracts on PDF.
Accuracy of Repeated Pregnancy Diagnoses with a Battery-Operated Portable Ultrasonic Scanner in Dairy cattle
Authors: Szenci Otto , Piros Andras , Kovács Laszlo 
Published: March 2023

One of the most suitable techniques for early pregnancy diagnosis on the farm is the B-mode ultrasonography. There are only a limited number of reports dealing with the examination of the same animals at different intervals after breeding1-4.Except for two studies2,3, the accuracy of their pregnancy diagnoses was not reported.
The present study was designed to determine the accuracy of repeated transrectal ultrasound scanning of the uterus, under field conditions, with a battery-operated, portable ultrasonic scanner.
German and Spanish summaries on PDF.
Penicillin Concentrations in Serum and Milk Following Administration of Procaine Penicillin G By Different Route at Different Dosage
Authors: Daigneault J. , Dubreuil P. , Couture Y. , Guay P. , Boudreau M. , Landry D. 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the clinician when using antimicrobials is to provide effective treatment while minimizing residues in milk and meat. Among all antibiotics used in food animals,procaine penicillin G (PPG) is one of the oldest and is still one of the most widely used. Over the years, the recommended dosage has increased from 7, 500 IU /kg I. M. (the label dosage) to the recommended, but not approved dosage of 11,000 to 22,000 IU/kg administered I.M. or s.c. (1). The subcutaneous route is easier to use when large volumes need to be administered.
Because of the discrepancy between the approved dosage of PPG and the dosages currently used in clinical practice, the purposes of the present study were twofold: firstly to determine whether increasing doses of PPG would provide corresponding increases in efficacy, as measured by the peak serum concentration (Cmax) value and the length of time during which the serum concentration of PPG would exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); secondly to determine whether the two routes of administration are comparable as true alternatives.
French and Spanish summaries on PDF
Recent Calf Milk Replacer Research Update
Authors: Fowler Mike 
Published: March 2023

The first calf milk replacer in the United States was developed and introduced in 1951 to dairy producers. Since the original calf milk replacer, there have been many nutritional advances in calf milk replacers and calf raising programs. During the last ten years, there has been less and less research information concerning the young calf occurring in scientific literature. Those researchers who consider themselves as primarily working in the area of calf nutrition and health are also fewer in number. For these reasons, this paper will present mainly primary source information rather than review information, in order to add to the scientific information base. This paper will discuss the key nutritional principles as it relates to milk replacer feeding and composition along with some of the newer calf milk replacer areas. The application of the information presented shall be limited to the herd replacement and dairy beef calf.
Spanish and French summaries on PDF
Clotting Factor in Bovine Preruminant Nutrition
Authors: Thomkins Trevor , Drackley James K. 
Published: March 2023

During the process of digestion in the preruminant calf, the casein protein in cows' milk clots in the abomasum due to the action of the enzymes pepsin and rennin (chymosin) and hydrochloric acid. The importance of this clotting mechanism has been studied, but the physiological implications are not fully understood. Today in the United States, many calves are raised very successfully on milk replacers that do not contain casein protein because skim milk powder, which is the main source of casein, is prohibitively expensive. Instead, whey proteins are the predominant source of milk proteins in calf milk replacers. Research indicates that whey proteins, which do not clot in the abomasum, are as efficacious as casein proteins in the diet of the preruminant calf.
The subject of "clotting" has become topical due to an attempt through the National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Program (which is a part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System) to evaluate milk replacers on farms by a rennet clotting test. This test was developed in Europe to determine the presence of heat denatured skim milk in calf milk replacers and has no relevance to milk replacers formulated on the basis of whey proteins.
This paper reviews the physiology of digestion in the calf, discusses the implications of milk clotting and addresses the issues of modern milk replacer formulations.
Collecting Accounts
Authors: Gardner Charles E. 
Published: March 2023

I have often heard that clients perceive us only as an expense when we work on sick animals but as an investment when we do production medicine or herd health work. This may be their perception, but the payback on a sick cow successfully treated is just as real and may even be realized faster. A successful operation for a displaced abomasum easily pays for itself within 1 month. Treating a sore foot gives a payback even faster. In emergency situations, such as dystocias and prolapses, we frequently save a cow's life and certainly save the client far more than our fee on a longterm basis.
The bottom line is this: Our clients will not request any procedure unless they believe they will benefit by it. They should know the cost involved, and once they elect to go ahead with a procedure, they should be prepared to pay the bill. We, on the other hand, should not be ashamed to insist on payment on a timely basis.
Systematic Approach to Improve Productivity and Profitability of Beef Cattle Ranches
Authors: Toombs R. E. 
Published: March 2023

Small producers of beef cattle are being taken over by large corporations that market the majority of cattle by contracting with feedlots and packers in vertical harmony.1 To survive and prosper under this transition, the food animal practitioner must adapt to the transformation.2 The public's perception of the veterinary medical profession must also change. To facilitate this change, the veterinarian must become a valuable asset to the producer by providing services beyond the scope of traditional veterinary care.
A recent national survey found that livestock producers perceived their veterinarian's knowledge of agribusiness/economics to be 19.4% less than that of producers', and 9% below that of Extension Agents'.3 The traditional veterinary educational process furnishes the new graduate with little training in economics, production, or management. In fact, training in the management of disease, the forte of the veterinary profession, is inadequate at most schools because it overwhelmingly concentrates on individuals rather than populations of animals.
To gain knowledge in agribusiness/economics, the veterinarian must rely upon extensive graduate work or gradually obtain the knowledge over a longer period of time through an "on-the-job" training process. If the veterinarian has the expertise to furnish producers with valuable information, the producers' perception of veterinarians will be favorably altered, and the veterinarian's area of specialization expanded so that the veterinarian can become actively involved in decisions that affect beef cattle production and profitability.
Preconditioning and Integrating Pre-Purchase Information
Authors: Thomson John U. 
Published: March 2023

Practitioners, producers, and researchers have tried to evaluate the merits of bovine health management programs such as preconditioning for many years. Researchers have demonstrated varied results on the benefits of preconditioning. Most research has pointed out program deficiencies (1-6).
The definition of a preconditioned calf is frequently left to the principal investigator. A nutritionist may consider preconditioning as a vaccination program and a veterinarian may consider it as a total management program. This makes comparisons of studies difficult.
A decision making process in herd health and management programs can be implemented by defining the situation, considering the options, studying present knowledge of the options, selecting a strategy, and evaluating the outcome (7). Since the problem with many studies is defining the situation, maybe one should define a non-preconditioned calf.
Making Rational Product Choices
Authors: Smith Robert A. 
Published: March 2023

Feedyard managers and feedyard veterinarians are faced with a wide array of health care products today. Most are detailed as the "product of choice" to prevent or treat diseases. Due to the large volume and the complexity of health care products used in a feedyard, the veterinarian must serve as an advisor to management to assess the value using various products.
Cost of health care products is always a consideration. However, cost must be evaluated in respect to risk of disease, cost of the disease and the impact of disease on production. Efficacy of the product in question must also be carefully evaluated.
It is important to remember that vaccines, bacterins, antibiotics and anthelmintics are only management tools. Commercial products will not eliminate or cure diseases by themselves, but instead must be critically implemented into a comprehensive, planned management program.
In this paper, considerations for making rational product choices will be discussed. The selection considerations for anthelmintics, antibiotics and vaccines will be emphasized.
Feedlot Engineering & Design
Authors: Bodman Gerald R. 
Published: March 2023

Functional feedlot design requires integration of multiple elements to form a complete system. Planning is facilitated by combining those elements into specific subsystems. The list of subsystems will vary between designers but I generally use the following list: 1) cattle handling and treatment; 2) cattle feeding; 3) water supply and distribution; 4) feed storage, processing, transport and delivery; 5) manure management and runoff control: 6) vehicle traffic; 7) cattle shelter, if desired; 8) wind control; 9) snow management; 10) lighting: and 11) personnel. Each subsystem must be designed giving consideration to function, cost. relationship to and integration with the overall system. manageability and--above all--safety for both personnel and livestock.
This paper is not a complete designer's "how to" treatise. My purpose is to provide an overview of some hasic and important aspects of feedlot design to create an enhanced awareness of the importance of total system design. The paper is complementary to others being presented at the conference and to the listed references addressing specific topics
Nachweis Des Oralen Infektionsweges Von Anaplasma Marginale Bei Kälbem
Authors: Baumgartner Walter , Stöger Josef , Marktl Werner 
Published: March 2023

Demonstration of the oral Path of Infection with Anaplasma Marginale in Calves.
By means of experimental infections with Anaplasma marginale special attention was paid to the various possibilities of transmission apart from the clinical course of the illness. In several strings of experiment anaplasmosis could be transmitted by intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous infection.
During the experiment 2 calves which had not been infected fell ill with anaplasmosis. The assumption presented itself that these two animals had infected themselves by oral intake of contagious blood. As a result, 4 calves were experimentally infected per os, while 2 calves served as controls. After an average incubation period of 30 days all 4 animals presented anaplasmosis in blood films as well as positive CFT-titers.
Poster in German, French and English summaries on PDF.