bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inulin diet uncovers complex diet-microbiota-immune cell interactions remodeling the gut epithelium
Authors: Corrêa Renan Oliveira , Castro Pollyana Ribeiro , Fachi José Luís , Nirello Vinícius Dias , El-Sahhar Salma , Imada Shinya , Pereira Gabriel Vasconcelos , Pral Laís Passariello , Araújo Nathália Vitoria Pereira , Fernandes Mariane Font , Matheus Valquíria Aparecida , de Souza Felipe Jaqueline , dos Santos Pereira Gomes Arilson Bernardo , de Oliveira Sarah , de Rezende Rodovalho Vinícius , de Oliveira Samantha Roberta Machado , de Assis Helder Carvalho , Oliveira Sergio Costa , Dos Santos Martins Flaviano , Martens Eric , Colonna Marco , Varga-Weisz Patrick , Vinolo Marco Aurélio Ramirez 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The continuous proliferation of intestinal stem cells followed by their tightly regulated differentiation to epithelial cells is essential for the maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier and its functions. How these processes are tuned by diet and gut microbiome is an important, but poorly understood question. Dietary soluble fibers, such as inulin, are known for their ability to impact the gut bacterial community and gut epithelium, and their consumption has been usually associated with health improvement in mice and humans. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inulin consumption modifies the composition of colonic bacteria and this impacts intestinal stem cells functions, thus affecting the epithelial structure.

Methods
Mice were fed with a diet containing 5% of the insoluble fiber cellulose or the same diet enriched with an additional 10% of inulin. Using a combination of histochemistry, host cell transcriptomics, 16S microbiome analysis, germ-free, gnotobiotic, and genetically modified mouse models, we analyzed the impact of inulin intake on the colonic epithelium, intestinal bacteria, and the local immune compartment.

Results
We show that the consumption of inulin diet alters the colon epithelium by increasing the proliferation of intestinal stem cells, leading to deeper crypts and longer colons. This effect was dependent on the inulin-altered gut microbiota, as no modulations were observed in animals deprived of microbiota, nor in mice fed cellulose-enriched diets. We also describe the pivotal role of γδ T lymphocytes and IL-22 in this microenvironment, as the inulin diet failed to induce epithelium remodeling in mice lacking this T cell population or cytokine, highlighting their importance in the diet-microbiota-epithelium-immune system crosstalk.

Conclusion
This study indicates that the intake of inulin affects the activity of intestinal stem cells and drives a homeostatic remodeling of the colon epithelium, an effect that requires the gut microbiota, γδ T cells, and the presence of IL-22. Our study indicates complex cross kingdom and cross cell type interactions involved in the adaptation of the colon epithelium to the luminal environment in steady state.
Data gathering and utilization: humanitarian targeting and ethical issues in northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Fayehun Olufunke , Akanle Olayinka , Popoola Omolara , Okewumi Ewajesu , Williams Funke , Adam Abubakar , Alhajimai Kaka , Abimbola Olufunto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
There are lapses in Nigeria’s data ecosystems with the consequences of imprecise and inaccurate data on humanitarian crises limiting accurate interventions. Therefore, we examined the data targeting processes in the humanitarian sector of Northeast Nigeria and the ethical concerns that arise when such data is collected and used to advance understanding and improve humanitarian protection systems.

Methods
The fieldwork was done in two phases in Maiduguri Borno, North-East Nigeria, between 2021 and 2022. This period was selected because it was the climax of IDP camps in the Northeastern part of the country. Maiduguri was selected for the study because it is the capital of Borno state which is the epicenter of insurgency and internal displacements in Nigeria. Hence, a lot of the most vibrant IDP camps in Nigeria were in Maiduguri for care and security reasons. Fifty in-depth interviews were conducted among the displaced persons across five camps. We also interviewed twenty stakeholders and practitioners working with IDPs to understand Nigeria’s data-based humanitarian contexts of internal displacement. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim by a language expert. The data were coded, and content analyzed to provide context and explore significant operational and ethical issues in data-driven humanitarian protection.

Results
There are discrepancies in the definition of vulnerability in data gathering, putting into question how targeting is carried out to identify vulnerable people and its implications for exclusion. Different data banks and reliability issues across institutions and actors make room for a multiplicity of data and problematic synergy relative to data and ethics. Inconsistent ethical systems guide data gathering and utilization in IDP camps; for instance, there are ineffective norms of recording and securing informed consent during data gathering. States, partners, and IDP camps confront debilitating capacity gaps and equipment deficits that make updated data gathering, storing, retrieval, and utilization. Paper and digital data storage processes were often used with restricted access to only a few key stakeholders. There is vast data expropriation without standard recourse to justice and beneficence as ethical procedures in the humanitarian data space of northeastern Nigeria as a microcosm of Sub-Saharan African realities.

Conclusion
There are enormous implications for effective and efficient targeting processes and outcomes, strategic inclusion, and ethical practices in conflict management, humanitarian interventions, and internal displacement in sub-Saharan Africa.
Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Bevacizumab Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Alone in Previously Untreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Johnson David H. , Fehrenbacher Louis , Novotny William F. , Herbst Roy S. , Nemunaitis John J. , Jablons David M. , Langer Corey J. , DeVore Russell F. , Gaudreault Jacques , Damico Lisa A. , Holmgren Eric , Kabbinavar Fairooz 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a phase II trial, 99 patients were randomly assigned to bevacizumab 7.5 (n = 32) or 15 mg/kg (n = 35) plus carboplatin (area under the curve = 6) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) every 3 weeks or carboplatin and paclitaxel alone (n = 32). Primary efficacy end points were time to disease progression and best confirmed response rate. On disease progression, patients in the control arm had the option to receive single-agent bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks. RESULTS Compared with the control arm, treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel plus bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) resulted in a higher response rate (31.5% v 18.8%), longer median time to progression (7.4 v 4.2 months) and a modest increase in survival (17.7 v 14.9 months). Of the 19 control patients that crossed over to single-agent bevacizumab, five experienced stable disease, and 1-year survival was 47%. Bleeding was the most prominent adverse event and was manifested in two distinct clinical patterns; minor mucocutaneous hemorrhage and major hemoptysis. Major hemoptysis was associated with squamous cell histology, tumor necrosis and cavitation, and disease location close to major blood vessels. CONCLUSION Bevacizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel improved overall response and time to progression in patients with advanced or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients with nonsquamous cell histology appear to be a subpopulation with improved outcome and acceptable safety risks.
Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Factors as Determinants of Cachexia Incidence and Outcomes in a Retrospective Cohort of Patients With Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer
Authors: Olaechea Santiago , Sarver Brandon , Liu Alison , Gilmore Linda Anne , Alvarez Christian , Iyengar Puneeth , Infante Rodney 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE Cachexia is a paraneoplastic syndrome of unintentional adipose and muscle tissue wasting with severe impacts to functionality and quality of life. Although health inequities across minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are known, the role of these factors in cachexia progression is poorly characterized. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between these determinants and cachexia incidence and survival in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer. METHODS Through retrospective chart review from a prospective tumor registry, we established a cohort of 882 patients with gastroesophageal or colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2013. Patient race, ethnicity, private insurance coverage, and baseline characteristics were evaluated through multivariate, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analyses to determine associations with cachexia incidence and survival outcomes. RESULTS When controlling for potentially confounding covariates (age, sex, alcohol and tobacco history, comorbidity score, tumor site, histology, and stage), Black (odds ratio [OR], 2.447; P < .0001) and Hispanic (OR, 3.039; P < .0001) patients are at an approximately 150% and 200%, respectively, greater risk of presenting with cachexia than non-Hispanic White patients. Absence of private insurance coverage was associated with elevated cachexia risk (OR, 1.439; P = .0427) compared to privately insured patients. Cox regression analyses with previously described covariates and treatment factors found Black race (hazard ratio [HR], 1.304; P = .0354) to predict survival detriments, while cachexia status did not reach significance ( P = .6996). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that race, ethnicity, and insurance play significant roles in cachexia progression and related outcomes that are not accounted for by conventional predictors of health. Disproportionate financial burdens, chronic stress, and limitations of transportation and health literacy represent targetable factors for mitigating these health inequities.
Effects of wing damage and moult gaps on vertebrate flight performance
Authors: Hedenström Anders 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTVertebrates capable of powered flight rely on wings, muscles that drive their flapping and sensory inputs to the brain allowing for control of the motor output. In birds, the wings are formed of arrangements of adjacent flight feathers (remiges), whereas the wings of bats consist of double-layered skin membrane stretched out between the forelimb skeleton, body and legs. Bird feathers become worn from use and brittle from UV exposure, which leads to loss of function; to compensate, they are renewed (moulted) at regular intervals. Bird feathers and the wings of bats can be damaged by accident. Wing damage and loss of wing surface due to moult almost invariably cause reduced flight performance in measures such as take-off angle and speed. During moult in birds, this is partially counteracted by concurrent mass loss and enlarged flight muscles. Bats have sensory hairs covering their wing surface that provide feedback information about flow; thus, wing damage affects flight speed and turning ability. Bats also have thin, thread-like muscles, distributed within the wing membrane and, if these are damaged, the control of wing camber is lost. Here, I review the effects of wing damage and moult on flight performance in birds, and the consequences of wing damage in bats. I also discuss studies of life-history trade-offs that make use of experimental trimming of flight feathers as a way to handicap parent birds feeding their young.
Implementation of inclusive education in Estonian kindergartens based on the theoretical model of inclusive education: a case study
Authors: Nelis Pille , Pedaste Margus , Šuman Carolina 
Published: April 2023

Vaatamata kaasamist toetavatele poliitikatele ja uuringutele on kaasava hariduse rakendamine lasteaedades väljakutse. Selleks on oluline süsteemne ja terviklik lähenemine. Oleme loonud kirjanduse põhjal kaasava hariduse rakendamise mudeli. Siinne artikkel keskendub juhtumiuuringule, mille eesmärk on mudeli põhjal välja selgitada kaasava hariduse rakendamise tunnused lasteaias. Selgus, et kõik mudelis avatud võtmetunnused ilmnesid ka lasteaedades. Erinevused esinesid perekonna, institutsiooni ja riigiga seotud tunnustes, millele lasteaedades tähelepanu ei pööratud või mida ei teadvustatud. Lisaks ülevaatele kaasava hariduse rakendumisest seisneb uuringu praktiline väärtus ka ettepanekutes mudeli parandamiseks õpetaja ja institutsiooni tasandi täiendavate tunnustega. Kokkuvõttes ilmnes, et kaasava hariduse rakendamine lasteaedades sõltub eelkõige kaasava hariduse olemuse mõtestamisest ja rakendamise väljakutse seisneb riigi tasandi võtmetunnustes.
Summary
Criteria-Based Assessment of Educational Results of Future Teachers
Authors: Elizarova E. 
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the concept of criterion assessment, provides a refined definition of this concept from the standpoint of the competence approach in education. The structural components of the criterion assessment are identified and described, including the concepts of an educational result, an in-dicator and the level of its achievement, an evaluation tool. The article describes the technology of constructing the evaluation object, presented in the form of an educational result obtained by correlating the formulation of competence from the Federal State Educational Standard and labor functions from the Professional Standard of the teacher. It is shown that the formation of an educational result makes it possible to identify indicators of its achieve-ment as criteria for evaluation, which can be different degrees of performance of a specific type of activity or individual actions of the student. The article presents examples of their construction. The mechanism of criteria-based assessment of the competencies of future teachers at the university is described.
Does the Prohibition of Trade-Through Hurt Liquidity Demanders?
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Gao Pin , Kou Steven 
Published: April 2023

The Impact of the Prohibition of Trade-through In the paper titled “Does the Prohibition of Trade-Through Hurt Liquidity Demanders?” the authors explore the effects of the order protect rule (OPR) in the United States, which prohibits any trade-through in the stock market that does not execute at the best possible price among fast trading venues. The study found that, whereas trade-throughs may offer flexible trading strategies that can benefit liquidity demanders, the benefits are insignificant for most cases, especially for small trades and stocks with fast resilience. The paper suggests that the current separate regulations for fast and slow venues may be extended to differentiate stocks with fast and slow resilience speeds. The results are supported by a case study using the data from the Australian Securities Exchange. Overall, this study supports the regulation of the OPR.
Compression therapy in peripheral artery disease: a literature review
Authors: Nickles Melissa A , Ennis William J , O'Donnell Thomas F , Altman Igor A 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Our objective is to examine the pathophysiology of oedema in the ischaemic and post-revascularised limb, compare compression stockings to pneumatic compression devices, and summarise compression regimens in patients with severe peripheral artery disease (PAD) without revascularisation, after revascularisation, and in mixed arterial and venous disease. Method: A scoping literature review of the aforementioned topics was carried out using PubMed. Results: Compression therapy has been shown to increase blood flow and aid in wound healing through a variety of mechanisms. Several studies suggest that intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices can be used to treat critical limb ischaemia in patients without surgical options. Additionally, compression stockings may have a role in preventing oedema after peripheral artery bypass surgery, thereby diminishing pain and reducing the risk of surgical wound dehiscence. Conclusion: Oedema may occur in the ischaemic limb after revascularisation surgery, as well as in combination with venous disease. Clinicians should not fear using compression therapy in PAD.
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Dengue Fever Viruses in Three Outbreaks in Tanzania Between 2017 and 2019
Authors: Kelly Maria Ezekiely , Msafiri Frank , Affara Muna , Gehre Florian , Moremi Nyambura , Mghamba Janeth , Misinzo Gerald , Thye Thorsten , Gatei Wangeci , Whistler Toni , Joachim Agricola , Lema Nsiande , Santiago Gilberto A. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Dengue is a disease of public health interest, and Tanzania experienced major outbreaks in 2014 and 2019. Here, we report our findings on the molecular characterization of dengue viruses (DENV) that circulated during two smaller outbreaks (2017 and 2018) and one major epidemic (2019) in Tanzania.

Methodology/Principal findings
We tested archived serum samples from 1,381 suspected dengue fever patients, with a median age of 29 (IQR:22–40) years, referred to the National Public Health Laboratory for confirmation of DENV infection. DENV serotypes were identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and specific genotypes were identified by sequencing the envelope glycoprotein gene and phylogenetic inference methods. DENV was confirmed in 823 (59.6%) cases. More than half (54.7%) of patients with dengue fever infection were males, and nearly three-quarters (73%) of the infected individuals were living in Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam. DENV-3 Genotype III caused the two smaller outbreaks in 2017 and 2018, while DENV-1 Genotype V caused the 2019 epidemic. DENV-1 Genotype I was also detected in one patient in 2019.

Conclusion/Significance
This study has demonstrated the molecular diversity of dengue viruses circulating in Tanzania. We found that contemporary circulating serotypes did not cause the major epidemic of 2019 but rather due to a serotype shift from DENV-3 (2017/2018) to DENV-1 in 2019. Such a change increases the risk for patients previously infected with a particular serotype to develop severe symptoms upon potential re-infection with a heterologous serotype due to antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Therefore, the circulation of serotypes emphasizes the need to strengthen the country’s dengue surveillance system for better management of patients, early detection of outbreaks, and vaccine development.
Performance of a Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in detecting undiagnosed diabetes among Kenyans aged 18–69 years
Authors: Mugume Innocent B. , Wafula Solomon T. , Kadengye Damazo T. , Van Olmen Josefien 
Published: April 2023

Background
The application of risk scores has often effectively predicted undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in a non-invasive way to guide early clinical management. The capacity for diagnosing diabetes in developing countries including Kenya is limited. Screening tools to identify those at risk and thus target the use of limited resources could be helpful, but these are not validated for use in these settings. We, therefore, aimed to measure the performance of the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) as a screening tool to detect undiagnosed diabetes among Kenyan adults.

Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional survey on non-communicable disease risk factors was conducted among Kenyan adults between April and June 2015. Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting capillary whole blood ≥ 7.0mmol/l. The performance of the original, modified, and simplified FINDRISC tools in predicting undiagnosed diabetes was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AU-ROC). Non-parametric analyses of the AU-ROC, Sensitivity (Se), and Specificity (Sp) of FINDRISC tools were determined.

Results
A total of 4,027 data observations of individuals aged 18−69 years were analyzed. The proportion/prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes was 1.8% [1.3–2.6], and 2.6% [1.9–3.4] respectively. The AU-ROC of the modified FINDRISC and simplified FINDRISC in detecting undiagnosed diabetes were 0.7481 and 0.7486 respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.912). With an optimal cut-off ≥ 7, the simplified FINDRISC had a higher positive predictive value (PPV) (7.9%) and diagnostic odds (OR:6.65, 95%CI: 4.43–9.96) of detecting undiagnosed diabetes than the modified FINDRISC.

Conclusion
The simple, non-invasive modified, and simplified FINDRISC tools performed well in detecting undiagnosed diabetes and may be useful in the Kenyan population and other similar population settings. For resource-constrained settings like the Kenyan settings, the simplified FINDRISC is preferred.
Risk factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfu Mebrihit Arefaine , Habtemariam Tilahun Teklehaymanot , Belay Nega Berhe 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundHepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is one of the serious public health problems worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Viral hepatitis during pregnancy poses problems like a high risk of maternal complications, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and challenges in the management of drugs. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of HBV infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women who attended public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodA multicenter prospective cohort study with a nested case-control was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020 in 5 public hospitals with maternal and child health care services in Addis Ababa. Three hundred pregnant women whose screening results for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were positive and another 300 with negative HBsAg were involved. Laboratory test results of blood samples and structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software using descriptive and logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the 12,138 pregnant women who screened for HBsAg as routine antenatal care (ANC), 369 (3.04%) were positive. All of the sociodemographic characteristics did not significantly differ in both the cases and the controls. Body tattooing (AOR = 1.66; 95 CI: 1.008–2.728), multiple sexual partners (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.604–3.901), family history of HBV (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.239–5.547), and sharing sharp materials (AOR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.87–4.87) were factors associated with increased risk of HBV infection.ConclusionsAn intermediate endemicity of HBV infection was detected among pregnant women. Body tattooing, having multiple sexual partners, family history of HBV, and sharing sharp materials were significantly associated with HBV infection. Awareness creation on the mode of transmission and early screening of all pregnant women for HBsAg must be strengthened to minimize and control the spread of the infection.