bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Students’ Choice of Representation When Solving a Problem-Solving Task on Combinatorics
Authors: Palmér Hanna , van Bommel Jorryt 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper is about the representations young students use when they are working on a problem-solving task on combinatorics. Results from previous studies on young students and combinatorics have shown connections between the representations used and the extent to which students solved the task. Based on these previous results, young students in this study were interviewed about their choice of representation. In this paper, the rationales expressed by the students are connected to the representation and stage of systematization shown in their documentation. The results indicate that difficulties in representing the context of the problem-solving task may force some of the students to work with a representation on a level of abstraction not suitable for them. Working with representations at an unsuitable level of abstraction may in turn influence how the students manage to complete the problem-solving task.
Discontinuities of free theories on AdS2
Authors: David Justin R. , Gava Edi , Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Narain K. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe partition functions of free bosons as well as fermions onAdS2are not smooth as a function of their masses. For free bosons, the partition function onAdS2is not smooth when the mass saturates the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound. We show that the expectation value of the scalar bilinear onAdS2exhibits a kink at the BF bound and the change in slope of the expectation value with respect to the mass is proportional to the inverse radius ofAdS2. For free fermions, when the mass vanishes the partition function exhibits a kink. We show that expectation value of the fermion bilinear is discontinuous and the jump in the expectation value is proportional to the inverse radius ofAdS2. We then show the supersymmetric actions of the chiral multiplet onAdS2×S1and the hypermultiplet onAdS2×S2demonstrate these features. The supersymmetric backgrounds are such that as the ratio of the radius ofAdS2toS1orS2is dialled, the partition functions as well as expectation of bilinears are not smooth for each Kaluza-Klein mode onS1orS2. Our observation is relevant for evaluating one-loop partition function in the near horizon geometry of extremal black holes.
Neumann boundary condition for Abelian BPS vortices
Authors: Manton N. S. , Zhao Boan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study abelian BPS vortices on a surface S with boundary, which satisfy the Neumann boundary condition on the norm of the scalar field, or equivalently, that the current along the boundary vanishes. These vortices have quantised magnetic flux and quantised energy. Existence of such vortices is manifest when S is the quotient by a reflection of a smooth surface without boundary, for example a hemisphere. The N-vortex moduli space then admits an interesting stratification, depending on the number of vortices in the interior of S and the number of half-vortices on the boundary.
Classification of momentum proper exact Hamiltonian group actions and the equivariant Eliashberg cotangent bundle conjecture
Authors: Ziltener Fabian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet G be a compact and connected Lie group. The Hamiltonian G-model functor maps the category of symplectic representations of closed subgroups of G to the category of exact Hamiltonian G-actions. Based on previous joint work with Y. Karshon, the restriction of this functor to the momentum proper subcategory on either side induces a bijection between the sets of isomorphism classes. This classifies all momentum proper exact Hamiltonian G-actions (of arbitrary complexity). As an extreme case, we obtain a version of the Eliashberg cotangent bundle conjecture for transitive smooth actions. As another extreme case, the momentum proper Hamiltonian G-actions on contractible manifolds are exactly the symplectic G-representations, up to isomorphism.
Verwendung von forensischer Zahnmedizin zur Identitätsfeststellung. Eine Befragung auf Ebene der Länderpolizei
Authors: Bjelopavlovic Monika , Badt Franziska , Lehmann Karl Martin , Petrowski Katja 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Deutschland liegt die Identifizierung unbekannter Toter in der Zuständigkeit der Polizei. Gemäß INTERPOL-Standards werden primäre (DNA, Fingerabdrücke, Zähne) und sekundäre Merkmale (z. B. Tätowierungen) untersucht. Die forensische Zahnmedizin wird als effiziente Methode bereits international eingesetzt. In dieser Studie soll auf Länderebene in Deutschland die Vorgehensweise der Polizei analysiert werden. Untersucht werden angewandte Methoden bei der Identifizierung, die Rolle der forensischen Zahnmedizin, die Zusammenarbeit mit Zahnärzt*innen und mögliche Optimierungsansätze.

Methoden
Mittels eines digitalen Fragebogens sollten in allen Bundesländern für Funde unbekannter Toter zuständige Polizeibeamt*innen zu Identifizierungsmethoden und speziell zur Anwendung forensischer Zahnmedizin befragt werden.

Ergebnisse
85 Sachbearbeiter*innen aus mind. 11 Bundesländern nahmen an der Befragung teil. Die Vorgehensweise stellte sich als dienststellenspezifisch heraus. In 72,6 % der Fälle werden bei der Identifizierung verschiedene Merkmale kombiniert, am häufigsten DNA mit Zahnstatus (37,1 %). Die DNA-Analyse wird am häufigsten verwendet. 62,9 % der Befragten stimmten zu, dass die zahnärztliche Identifizierung „oft“ angewendet wird. Der Anteil der Identifizierungen mittels Zahnstatus wird auf 1,6–8,1 % geschätzt. Für die forensische Zahnmedizin haben 19,4 % eine feste Ansprechperson. Eine digitale Plattform, um Zahnmediziner*innen zu kontaktieren, schätzten 56,5 % als hilfreich ein.

Diskussion
Die forensische Zahnmedizin steht aktuell noch hinter der DNA-Analyse zurück, was sich durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung ändern könnte, wenn z. B. Ante-mortem-Daten zuverlässiger zur Verfügung stehen und Plattformen für den interdisziplinären Austausch geschaffen werden.
The impact of smoking status on trust in general practitioners: a nationwide survey of smokers and ex-smokers
Authors: Kasiviswanathan Karthika , Enticott Joanne , Madawala Sanduni , Selamoglu Melis , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Barton Christopher 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Trust is important to therapeutic relationships, influences patients’ motivation to seek care, cooperate during clinical examinations, adhere to treatment, return for follow-up, and facilitates exchange of health information. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of smoking status on patients’ trust in GPs, and how trust is related to willingness to act on advice to quit smoking.

Methods
A nationwide, online, cross-sectional survey was conducted among Australian smokers and ex-smokers aged 35 years and older. Participants were asked to rate their trust in GPs on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 describes “you don’t trust GPs” and 10 describes “you trust GPs completely”. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test hypotheses.

Results
Responses from 886 respondents were analysed. Mean age was 60 years (± 9.5) and most were current smokers (69%). Trust scores were comparable for both smokers and ex-smokers (mean 7.6 (± 2.4)), but 39.4% were classified as having low trust (score < 8). Anticipated stigma was negatively associated with level of trust in GPs. Communication experience was positively associated with level of trust in GPs. Higher level of trust in GPs was associated with acceptance of advice to quit smoking.

Conclusion
Smokers and ex-smokers with higher levels of trust in their GPs reported more positive communication, and felt GPs advised them to quit smoking in a way that motivated them to quit. GP awareness with regard to anticipated stigma and experiences of communication amongst patients with a smoking history could improve provision of smoking cessation advice for this group.
Working with care leavers and young people still in care: ethical issues in the co-development of a participatory recordkeeping app
Authors: Williams Peter , Shepherd Elizabeth , Sexton Anna , Lomas Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn important element of social research is the ethical treatment of research participants. This paper outlines the ethical issues pertaining to a study (MIRRA: Memory-Identity-Rights in Records-Access) that developed a ‘participatory recordkeeping system specification’ for young people in care. The research team worked with members of the cohort themselves (aged 13–17 years) and care-experienced adults. It discusses in general terms the various elements that require ethical consideration, such as informed consent, anonymity, avoiding harm, and needing to benefit the participants and their peers. It goes on to describe how such issues were approached by the team. The particular ethical measures required for the young and ‘cared-for’ participants are explored. These included the need to work through, first, an adult gatekeeper—a representative of each care organisation approached—and then, within the organisation, a social worker or care-giver. This greatly limited recruitment, as these adults often vetoed contact with the young people themselves. A checklist is outlined, derived from the ‘Gillick Test of Competence’ to assess capacity to give ‘informed consent’, for willing gatekeepers/carers to consider. The article then addresses how the Participant Information Sheets were developed for the young cohort, emphasising the need to do this by consulting appropriate professionals, published guidelines and the potential participants themselves. After considering the possible risks and benefits to participants, the paper concludes by suggesting that ethical issues around recruitment and participation of this cohort are complex and require much additional bureaucracy, patience and flexibility—but can be immensely rewarding.
Epoxidation of Light Olefin Mixtures with Hydrogen Peroxide on TS-1 Catalyst
Authors: Alvear Matias , Fortunato Michele , Eränen Kari , Lehtonen Juha , Rautiainen Sari , Di Serio Martino , Russo Vincenzo , Salmi Tapio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe direct epoxidation of mixed ethene and propene feedstocks using hydrogen peroxide over a titanium silicalite (TS-1) catalyst was investigated within a continuous trickle bed reactor operating in laboratory scale. Methanol was employed as the reaction solvent. This study aimed to streamline the epoxidation process by obviating the need for prior separation of alkenes, thereby enhancing process efficiency. An extensive array of operational parameters was explored in a trickle bed reactor, encompassing experimental parameters such as temperature, total pressure, hydrogen peroxide concentration, liquid flow rate, and gas composition. In contrast to prior investigations involving separate ethene and propene epoxidation, this study revealed a reduction in epoxide selectivity. The principal by-products observed were methoxy species, formed through the interaction between the epoxide and methanol, resulting in a ring-opening reaction. The influence of water on this ring-opening process was negligible. Notably, the tunability of the system was demonstrated, highlighting low temperature and elevated partial ethene pressure as pivotal factors for augmentingthe epoxide selectivity. The findings suggest that binary olefin mixtures exhibit diminished selectivity but improved stability. This behavior is potentially linked to the olefin solubility in methanol, or alterations in the surface species concentrations, typically associated with catalyst activity variations. These insights offer a valuable foundation for understanding and optimizing the direct epoxidation of mixed ethene and propene feedstock.
Graphical Abstract
Private and public co-operation in preventing and addressing corporate crime: the case of labour trafficking in the Finnish construction industry
Authors: Davies Jon , Malik Hanna Maria , Jokinen Anniina , Haapasaari Saara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerous corporate and state processes have long underpinned harms related to human trafficking and exploitation. A consequence of these processes has been a growing interest in how public and private sector organisations co-operate to address key challenges, including accountability for alleged exploitation. The purpose of this article is to examine these public-private sector dynamics in the Finnish construction industry, with a particular emphasis on how stakeholders respond to challenges associated with human trafficking, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and the ‘grey economy’. The core argument developed is that despite a strong regulatory framework in Finnish construction, significant aspects of corporate compliance rely on companies’ voluntary efforts, whereby public sector authorities can have competing views of solutions to address trafficking and exploitation. This paper contributes to existing discussions within white-collar and corporate crime on the dynamics of CSR, and how these apply to the broader context of the grey economy.
Habitat niche dynamics of the sicklefin redhorse: a southern Appalachian Mountain habitat specialist
Authors: Favrot Scott D. , Kwak Thomas J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHistorically, suckers (Catostomidae) have been largely neglected in conservation efforts. Due to pervasive lotic habitat degradation and loss throughout North America, sucker habitat knowledge is urgently needed for conservation. The sicklefin redhorse (Moxostoma sp.) is an undescribed, imperiled sucker, endemic to a small geographic range in the southern Appalachian Mountains (USA). We described adult sicklefin redhorse seasonal and spawning microhabitat suitability, quantified spawning substrate composition, identified seasonal and spawning habitat niches (i.e., macrohabitats), and characterized foraging habitat. We combined radiotelemetry and visual observations of Hiwassee River basin adult sicklefin redhorses during March–January (2006–2008) to address our objectives. Sicklefin redhorses occupied seasonal and spawning microhabitats non-randomly, and we developed season- and spawning-specific habitat suitability criteria (HSC) using a Bayesian approach. Adult sicklefin redhorses occupied habitats with swift midchannel currents, moderate depths, and coarse substrates supporting hornleaf riverweed (Podostemum ceratophyllum). In contrast, suitable spawning sites were located in near-bank shallow depths, slow currents, over intermediate-sized substrates near cover, but free of riverweed. Annually, principal component analyses indicated that sheet and run macrohabitats were predominantly occupied, while pocket-water riffles near depositional, edgewater zones provided spawning sites. Spawning substrate composition was predominantly small cobble (40.9%) and very coarse gravel (21.3%), but fines (3.0%) were also prevalent within interstitial spaces. Mean Fredle index was 28.2, indicating spawning substrate permeability at half potential. Annually, bedrock covered with hornleaf riverweed was the dominant foraging substrate. Our adult sicklefin redhorse annual, seasonal, and spawning HSCs, multivariate habitat niche characterizations, spawning substrate analyses, and foraging habitat descriptions can guide habitat conservation and restoration throughout the species’ geographic range.
The effects of heterogeneity on solute transport in porous media: anomalous dispersion
Authors: Butler Adam J. , Sahu Chunendra K. , Bickle Michael J. , Neufeld Jerome A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMixing of solute in sub-surface flows, for example in the leakage of contaminants into groundwater, is quantified by a dispersion coefficient that depends on the dispersivity of the medium and the transport velocity. Many previous models of solute transport data have assumed Fickian behaviour with constant dispersivity, but found that the inferred dispersivity increases with the distance from the point of injection. This approach assumes that the dispersion on either side of the advective front is symmetric and that the concentration there is close to half of the injected value. However, field data show consistent asymmetry about the advective front. Here, motivated by experimental data and a fractal interpretation of porous media, we consider a simplified heterogeneous medium described by a dispersivity with a power-law dependence on the downstream distance from the source and explore the nature of the asymmetry obtained in the solute transport. In a heterogeneous medium of this type, we show that asymmetry in solute transport gradually increases with the increase in heterogeneity or fractal dimension, and the concentration at the advective front becomes increasingly different from 50% of that at the inlet. In particular, for a sufficiently heterogeneous medium, the concentration profiles at late-time approach a non-trivial steady solution and, as a result, the concentration at a downstream location will never reach that at the inlet. By fitting the Fickian solution to our results, we are able to connect the parameters from our model to those found from experimental data, providing a more physically grounded approach for interpreting them.
The dimensions of approaches to teaching in higher education: a new analysis of teaching profiles
Authors: Postareff Liisa , Lahdenperä Juulia , Hailikari Telle , Parpala Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe exploration of higher education (HE) teachers’ approaches to teaching has mainly been done using quantitative instruments which have been criticised for being too narrow in examining the dimensions of teaching. Higher education approaches to teaching (HEAT) inventory is a recently developed instrument to capture the dimensions of HE teaching more broadly. Moreover, teacher self-efficacy has been shown to be an important element influencing approaches to teaching, but still, the research on it has been scarce. The aims of the study are thus (1) to validate the HEAT inventory and (2) to explore what kind of individual teaching profiles can be identified among higher education teachers and their relation to teachers’ self-efficacy. The results showed that HEAT is a valid instrument to measure various dimensions of approaches to teaching and that several profiles of approaches to teaching can emerge among HE teachers. These profiles also differ in terms of teachers’ self-efficacy.
Lower Bounds for QCDCL via Formula Gauge
Authors: Böhm Benjamin , Beyersdorff Olaf 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQCDCL is one of the main algorithmic paradigms for solving quantified Boolean formulas (QBF). We design a new technique to show lower bounds for the running time in QCDCL algorithms. For this we model QCDCL by concisely defined proof systems and identify a new width measure for formulas, which we call gauge. We show that for a large class of QBFs, large (e.g. linear) gauge implies exponential lower bounds for QCDCL proof size. We illustrate our technique by computing the gauge for a number of sample QBFs, thereby providing new exponential lower bounds for QCDCL. Our technique is the first bespoke lower bound technique for QCDCL.
Rituximab Monotherapy Is Effective as First-Line Treatment for Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease (GLILD) in CVID Patients
Authors: Tessarin Giulio , Baronio Manuela , Gazzurelli Luisa , Rossi Stefano , Chiarini Marco , Moratto Daniele , Giliani Silvia Clara , Bondioni Maria Pia , Badolato Raffaele , Lougaris Vassilios 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) represents a fatal immune dysregulatory complication in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Evidence-based diagnostic guidelines are lacking, and GLILD treatment consists in immunosuppressive drugs; nonetheless, therapeutical strategies are heterogeneous and essentially based on experts’ opinions and data from small case series or case reports.We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line Rituximab monotherapy for CVID-related GLILD, by assessing symptoms and quality of life alterations, immunological parameters, pulmonary function tests, and lung computed tomography.All six GLILD patients received Rituximab infusions as a first-line treatment. Rituximab was administered at 375 mg/m2 monthly for six infusions followed by maintenance every 3 months; none of the patients experienced severe adverse events. Symptom burden and quality of life significantly improved in treated patients compared to a control group of CVID patients without GLILD. Rituximab treatment indirectly caused a trend toward reduced T-cell activation and exhaustion markers sCD25 and sTIM-3. Lung function improved in treated patients, with statistically significant increases in TLC and DLCO. Lung CT scan findings expressed by means of Baumann scoring system displayed a reduction in the entire cohort.In conclusion, first-line monotherapy with Rituximab displayed high efficacy in disease remission in all treated patients, with improvement of symptoms and amelioration of quality of life, as well as restoration of PFTs and lung CT scan findings.
A Unifying Framework for Sparsity-Constrained Optimization
Authors: Lapucci Matteo , Levato Tommaso , Rinaldi Francesco , Sciandrone Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the optimization problem of minimizing a continuously differentiable function subject to both convex constraints and sparsity constraints. By exploiting a mixed-integer reformulation from the literature, we define a necessary optimality condition based on a tailored neighborhood that allows to take into account potential changes of the support set. We then propose an algorithmic framework to tackle the considered class of problems and prove its convergence to points satisfying the newly introduced concept of stationarity. We further show that, by suitably choosing the neighborhood, other well-known optimality conditions from the literature can be recovered at the limit points of the sequence produced by the algorithm. Finally, we analyze the computational impact of the neighborhood size within our framework and in the comparison with some state-of-the-art algorithms, namely, the Penalty Decomposition method and the Greedy Sparse-Simplex method. The algorithms have been tested using a benchmark related to sparse logistic regression problems.
Production rates of cosmogenic nuclides in extraterrestrial material using GEANT4 software
Authors: Čechvala Patrik , Breier Róbert , Masarik Jozef 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a model for the calculation of the production rates of cosmogenic nuclides in extraterrestrial material. The model is based on the Monte Carlo simulation software Geant4. Using this software an application simulating the irradiation of the spherical body with predefined chemical composition by galactic cosmic-ray protons was developed. The fluxes of secondary neutrons and protons generated within the body of the sample are calculated. These are further used for the calculation of the production rates for cosmogenic nuclides. The plausibility of the presented model was tested in case of the well-studied meteoritic sample Knyahinya for which the production rates of cosmogenic nuclides were previously measured and also calculated using MCNP simulation software. The production rates for 3He, 10Be, 21Ne, 22Ne, 26Al, 36Cl, 38Ar, 39Ar, 41Ca and 53Mn have been calculated in Knyahinya meteorite and for 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl in Apollo 17 sample 73,002.