bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of human depopulation and warming climate on bird populations in Japan
Authors: Katayama Naoki , Fujita Taku , Ueta Mutsuyuki , Morelli Federico , Amano Tatsuya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantifying biodiversity trends in economically developed countries, where depopulation, associated secondary succession, and climate warming are ongoing, provides insights for global biodiversity conservation in the 21st century. However, few studies have assessed the impacts of secondary succession and climate warming on species’ population trends at a national scale. We estimated the population trends of common breeding bird species in Japan and examined the associations between the overall population trend and species traits with the nationwide bird count data on 47 species collected from 2009 to 2020. The overall population trend varied among species. Four species populations increased moderately, 18 were stable, and 11 declined moderately. Population trends for 13 species were uncertain. The difference in overall trends among the species was associated with their habitat group and temperature niche. Species with relatively low‐temperature niches experienced more pronounced declines. Multispecies indicators showed a moderate increase in forest specialists and moderate declines in forest generalists (species that use both forests and open habitats) and open‐habitat specialists. Forest generalists and open‐habitat specialists also declined more rapidly at sites with more abandoned farmland. All species groups showed an accelerated decline or decelerated increase after 2015. These results suggest that common breeding birds in Japan are facing deteriorating trends as a result of nationwide changes in land use and climate. Future land‐use planning and policies should consider the benefits of passive rewilding for forest specialists and active restoration measures (e.g., low‐intensive forestry and agriculture) for nonforest specialists to effectively conserve biodiversity in the era of human depopulation and climate warming.
Rubella virus‐associated necrotizing neutrophilic granuloma in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Pei Susan , Khazaeli Mahyar , Hao LiJuan , Chen Min‐hsin , Perelygina Ludmila , Kuraitis Drew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPatients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) may develop granulomas in multiple organ systems including the skin. Vaccine strain rubella virus (RuV), part of the live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, has been identified within these granulomas. RuV is typically found in macrophages; however, recently neutrophils have been identified as a novel cell type infected. Here, we present a case of RuV‐associated cutaneous granuloma with RuV localized to neutrophils. A 46‐year‐old female with common variable immunodeficiency presented with verrucous papules and crusted plaques from the right knee to the distal shin of 20 years duration, associated with prior physical trauma. Biopsy specimen showed palisaded granulomas surrounding central necrosis with scattered aggregates of neutrophils. Vaccine‐derived RuV was detected by molecular sequencing in lesional skin. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry with CD206, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and RV capsid (RVC) antibodies demonstrated that RuV localized to neutrophils but not macrophages. The clinical presentation, cutaneous findings, and likely presence of RVC‐positive granulocytes in bone marrow provide potential support to the evolving hypothesis of persistent RuV within neutrophils contributing to chronic granulomatous inflammation in a milieu of immune dysregulation.
Section 301 and politics: Analysis of tariff exclusions
Authors: Lopatin Nikita , Mendoza Beverly , Westenberg Joseph M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Trump administration imposed tariffs on Chinese imports starting in 2018. American firms that rely on Chinese imports were allowed to apply for exclusions for products. In this paper, we investigate political factors affecting the approval rates for these tariff exclusions. We also consider factors that may impact this estimate, such as firm selection into requesting and legitimacy of request. We find that tariff exclusion is increasing in the Republican vote share. Counties with a 10 percentage point higher Republican vote share experience a 10% higher probability of tariff exclusion approval.
Factor structure and measurement invariance of Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire—Brief Revised (Updated) in India
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Davidson Charlie A. , Jain Ranjeeta , Saini Reena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimSchizotypal Personality Questionnaire‐Brief Revised‐Updated (SPQ‐BRU) is an easy‐to‐conduct, theoretically consistent, and psychometrically better measure of schizotypal personality. However, its study is limited to developed countries. Thus, in the present study, we tested the factor structure and measurement invariance of SPQ‐BRU in India.MethodsA sample of 734 college students was selected from two sites (n = 614 from Muzaffarnagar in western Uttar Pradesh and n = 120 from Guhana in Haryana). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the good fitness of the different models of SPQ‐BRU and the measurement invariance across sex and region.ResultsThe first‐order nine‐factor model was a better‐fit model (among a set of first‐order and second‐order models), whereas the second‐order three‐factor model was a more parsimonious good‐fit model of SPQ‐BRU. The nine‐factor model was strongly invariant across sex and region. Women had higher social anxiety, ideas of reference, and lower constricted affect than men. Moreover, the Gohana sample was higher on several schizotypal personality facades than the Muzaffarnagar sample.ConclusionsThe present study supported the cross‐cultural validity of schizotypal personality and partially established a reliable and valid SPQ‐BRU‐Hindi language version.
Myocardial strain is associated with adverse cardiac events in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy
Authors: Patel Nikita P. , Dalal Prarthana J. , Meng Zhiying , Baldridge Abigail S. , Cascino Gregory J. , Sunderraj Ashwin , Sinha Arjun , Karmali Reem , Feinstein Matthew J. , Akhter Nausheen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular events, including heart failure and arrhythmias, following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy are increasingly recognized. Although global longitudinal strain (GLS) has demonstrated prognostic utility for other cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction, less is known regarding the association of GLS with adverse cardiac events following CAR T‐cell therapy.ObjectivesTo determine the association of baseline GLS with adverse cardiovascular events in adults receiving CAR‐T cell therapy.MethodsPatients who had an echocardiogram within 6 months prior to receiving CAR T‐cell therapy were retrospectively identified. Clinical data and cardiac events were collected via chart review. Echocardiograms were analyzed offline for GLS, left ventricular ejection fraction, and Doppler parameters. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between adverse cardiovascular events and echocardiographic parameters.ResultsAmong 75 CAR T‐cell therapy patients (mean age 63.9, 34.7% female), nine patients (12%) experienced cardiac events (CEs) including cardiovascular death, new/worsening heart failure, and new/worsening arrhythmia within 1 year of treatment. In univariable models, higher baseline GLS (OR 0.78 [0.63, 0.96], p = .021) was associated with a lower risk of CE and higher baseline mitral E/e' (OR 1.40 [1.08, 1.81], p = .012) was associated with a higher risk of CE. After adjusting for age and LDH, higher baseline GLS (OR 0.65 [0.48–0.88], p = <.01) was associated with a lower risk of CE and higher baseline mitral E/e' (OR 1.56 [1.06, 2.29], p = .024) was associated with a higher risk of CE.ConclusionLower GLS and higher mitral E/e' on a baseline echocardiogram were associated with higher risk for CEs in patients receiving CAR T‐cell therapy.
Removal of site effects and enhancement of signal using dual projection independent component analysis for pooling multi‐site MRI data
Authors: Hao Yuxing , Xu Huashuai , Xia Mingrui , Yan Chenwei , Zhang Yunge , Zhou Dongyue , Kärkkäinen Tommi , Nickerson Lisa D. , Li Huanjie , Cong Fengyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCombining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from multi‐site studies is a popular approach for constructing larger datasets to greatly enhance the reliability and reproducibility of neuroscience research. However, the scanner/site variability is a significant confound that complicates the interpretation of the results, so effective and complete removal of the scanner/site variability is necessary to realise the full advantages of pooling multi‐site datasets. Independent component analysis (ICA) and general linear model (GLM) based harmonisation methods are the two primary methods used to eliminate scanner/site effects. Unfortunately, there are challenges with both ICA‐based and GLM‐based harmonisation methods to remove site effects completely when the signals of interest and scanner/site effects‐related variables are correlated, which may occur in neuroscience studies. In this study, we propose an effective and powerful harmonisation strategy that implements dual projection (DP) theory based on ICA to remove the scanner/site effects more completely. This method can separate the signal effects correlated with site variables from the identified site effects for removal without losing signals of interest. Both simulations and vivo structural MRI datasets, including a dataset from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II and a travelling subject dataset from the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences, were used to test the performance of a DP‐based ICA harmonisation method. Results show that DP‐based ICA harmonisation has superior performance for removing site effects and enhancing the sensitivity to detect signals of interest as compared with GLM‐based and conventional ICA harmonisation methods.
Cognitive effect of antiseizure medications in medial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Dusanter Cedric , Houot Marion , Mere Marie , Denos Marisa , Samson Séverine , Herlin Bastien , Navarro Vincent , Dupont Sophie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe specific effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) on cognition are a rich field of study, with many ongoing questions. The aim of this study was to evaluate these effects in a homogeneous group of patients with epilepsy to guide clinicians to choose the most appropriate medications.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 287 refractory patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Scores measuring general cognition (global, verbal and performance IQ), working memory, episodic memory, executive functions, and language abilities were correlated with ASM type, number, dosage and generation (old vs. new). We also assessed non‐modifiable factors affecting cognition, such as demographics and epilepsy‐related factors.ResultsKey parameters were total number of ASMs and specific medications, especially topiramate (TPM) and sodium valproate (VPA). Four cognitive profiles of the ASMs were identified: (i) drugs with an overall detrimental effect on cognition (TPM, VPA); (ii) drugs with negative effects on specific areas: verbal memory and language skills (carbamazepine), and language functions (zonisamide); (iii) drugs affecting a single function in a specific and limited area: visual denomination (oxcarbazepine, lacosamide); and (iv) drugs without documented cognitive side effects. Non‐modifiable factors such as age at testing, age at seizure onset, and history of febrile seizures also influenced cognition and were notably influenced by total number of ASMs.ConclusionWe conclude that ASMs significantly impact cognition. Key parameters were total number of ASMs and specific medications, especially TPM and VPA. These results should lead to a reduction in the number of drugs received and the avoidance of medications with unfavorable cognitive profiles.
MCDIP‐ADMM: Overcoming overfitting in DIP‐based CT reconstruction
Authors: Cheng Chen , Zhou Qingping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the application of unsupervised learning methods for computed tomography reconstruction. To motivate our work, we review several existing priors, namely the truncated Gaussian prior, the prior, the total variation prior, and the deep image prior (DIP). We find that DIP outperforms the other three priors in terms of representational capability and visual performance. However, the performance of DIP deteriorates when the number of iterations exceeds a certain threshold due to overfitting. To address this issue, we propose a novel method (MCDIP‐ADMM) based on multi‐code deep image prior (MCDIP) and plug‐and‐play alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Specifically, MCDIP utilizes multiple latent codes to generate a series of feature maps at an intermediate layer within a generator model. These maps are then composed with trainable weights, representing the complete image prior. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed MCDIP‐ADMM compared to three existing competitors. In the case of parallel beam projection with Gaussian noise, MCDIP‐ADMM achieves an average improvement of 4.3 dB over DIP, 1.7 dB over ADMM DIP‐weighted total variation (WTV) and 1.2 dB over PnP‐DIP in terms of peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR). Similarly, for fan‐beam projection with Poisson noise, MCDIP‐ADMM achieves an average improvement of 3.09 dB over DIP, 1.86 dB over ADMM DIP‐WTV and 0.84 dB over PnP‐DIP in terms of PSNR.
Optimal objective measurement of physical function and its predictive capacity for mortality among community‐dwelling older women
Authors: Luo Juhua , Su Le , Carter Stephen J , Ndeke Jonas M , Hendryx Michael 
Published: August 2023

AimObjective measurements of physcial function, including gait speed, handgrip strength, and the chair stand test, have been shown to have predictive capacity for negative health‐related outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine campariatively which of these common assessments may be optimal in terms of their predictive capacity for mortality.MethodsA total of 9834 community‐dwelling older women aged 65–89 years from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) were followed for 20 years. Gait speed, handgrip strength, and the chair stand test were measured every 2–4 years on up to 9 visits. All deaths were adjudicated.ResultsAll three measurements of physical function were significantly associated with overall, cardiovascular disease and other mortality. Gait speed had the greatest magnitude of hazard ratios (HRs) for all outcomes of interest. A one‐unit standard deviation increase in gait speed was associated with a 33% (HR = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.64–0.70) lower risk for overall mortality, a 31% (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.64–0.73) lower risk for cardiovascular disease mortality, a 15% (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78–0.92) lower risk for cancer mortality and a 42% (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.55–0.62) lower risk for other mortality. Further examination of gait speed identified two cut‐points (0.9 and 0.7 m/s) that were strongly indicative of increased mortality risk.ConclusionOur large prospective study indicates that gait speed possesses a better prediction of mortality among older women compared with handgrip strength or the chair stand test. Using cut‐points of 0.9 and 0.7 m/s can help identify older women at higher mortality risk, who may benefit from physical function improvement interventions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 715–721.
User satisfaction in child and adolescent mental health service: Comparison of background, clinical and service predictors for adolescent and parent satisfaction
Authors: Arnesen Yngvild , Lillevoll Kjersti R. , Mathiassen Børge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo improve quality, child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) are expected to quantify families' views on healthcare with user satisfaction measures. As little is known about what influences satisfaction in CAMHS, this study aimed to examine predictors of adolescents' and parents' user satisfaction.MethodsData from 231 adolescents and 495 parents in treatment at an outpatient clinic who returned a user satisfaction measure, the Experience of Service Questionnaire (ESQ), was analyzed. Registry data on background, clinical and service characteristics were predictors for the ESQ factors general satisfaction, satisfaction with care and satisfaction with environment.ResultsIn regression models, satisfaction with care for adolescents (r2 = .12) was significant and was predicted by low parent‐self‐reported mental health burden and low clinician‐rated overall symptom burden at intake. For parents, regression models for general satisfaction (r2 = .07), satisfaction with care (r2 = .06) and satisfaction with environment (r2 = .08) were significant. Parents general satisfaction was predicted by higher levels of hyperactivity, less family stress and longer travelling distances to the service. Satisfaction with care for parents was predicted by higher levels of hyperactivity at intake and longer travelling distances. Satisfaction with environment for parents was more likely if the adolescents was a boy, with low levels of family stress and longer travelling distances.ConclusionPredictors for adolescent and parent user satisfaction in CAMHS differ. Hence, to improve quality CAMHS should enhance focus on collaborative practice with parents, and person‐centred care for adolescents with moderate to severe mental health illness.Patient or Public ContributionRepresentatives from the hospitals' youth panel and the non‐governmental organization called The Change Factory have been consulted regarding study design and results.
Effect of B4C particle size and TiB2 content on the mechanical properties of B4C composites and their dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Bo , Cai Delong , Li Shiqi , Wang Haoyi , Zou Wenhua , Yang Zhihua , Duan Xiaoming , He Peigang , Li Daxin , Duan Wenjiu , Pan Yanzhi , Zhao Yueqian , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractB4C–MAS and B4C–TiB2–MAS ceramic composites were prepared by hot pressed sintering. The effects of particle size of B4C and TiB2 content on the microstructure and general mechanical properties of the ceramic composites were investigated by using X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and universal testing machine. The strengthening and toughening mechanism of ceramic composites is mainly attributed to the addition of magnesium–aluminosilicate (MAS) and thermal mismatch effect of TiB2. When the TiB2 content was 20 wt.%, the bending strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness of B4C–TiB2–MAS ceramic composites were 375 MPa, 4.42 MPa·m1/2, and 23.9 GPa, respectively, and its relative density could reach 99.7%. The dynamic mechanical properties of B4C–TiB2–MAS ceramic composites were investigated at strain rates of 2000–6000 s−1 using a Separate Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) device. The results showed that the B4C–TiB2–MAS ceramic composites exhibited significant strain rate sensitivity. The dynamic compressive strength of the ceramic composites increased from 4634 to 5734 MPa with increasing strain rate in the tested strain rate range.
Procedural Problems in Bird Orientation Studies with Kramer Cages1
Authors: Wallraff Hans G. 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungMethodische Grundvoraussetzungen für Orientierungsversuche mit Kramer‐Käfigen werden herausgestellt. Es wird gezeigt, daß eine kritische Analyse von Howland (1973), die sich mit verschiedenen Artefakten in früheren Untersuchungen befaßt, die Schlußfolgerungen nicht berührt, zu denen zwei Versuchsserien über die nicht‐visuelle Orientierung von Rotkehlchen geführt hatten (Wallraff 1972). Einige Methoden zur Korrektur von an den Käfig gebundenen Asymmetrien sowie einige von Howland's Vorschlägen zur Durchführung künftiger Untersuchungen werden diskutiert.
Perceptions of primary health care nurses and general practitioners in the care of older people with urinary incontinence
Authors: Yan Fang , Xiao Lily D. , Tang Siyuan , Guo Qinqin , Huang Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify the challenges and opportunities among primary health care nurses and general practitioners (GPs) in the care of older people with urinary incontinence (UI) and other chronic conditions in China.BackgroundUI is highly prevalent among community‐dwelling older people with chronic conditions but is underreported and poorly managed. Understanding the factors that affect primary health care professionals' practices in their care for this population is imperative to foster nurse‐led UI care services.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsFour focus groups were held with 24 primary health care nurses and GPs in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, between July and September 2021. A reflective thematic analysis was used to identify themes.ResultsThis study revealed misconceptions regarding older people living with UI and other chronic conditions in primary care health professional participants. Moreover, primary health care nurses had very limited autonomy in UI diagnosis and initiating care interventions for this patient population. By reflecting on practices, participants recognized various practical solutions to improve the detection and management of UI. Participants also identified barriers to accessing care services in older people with UI. They suggested changes in the health care system to achieve universal access to UI care services for older people.ConclusionNurse‐led UI care services in primary health care for community‐dwelling older people with chronic conditions are in high demand but are underdeveloped due to professional and health care system factors.ImpactFindings from this study provide new insights into challenges faced by primary health care professionals and illuminate practical solutions to address these challenges.Reporting MethodsAdherence to COREQ guidelines was maintained.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Pathways to social well‐being of children with intellectual disability: testing the Family Investment Model
Authors: Totsika V. , Hastings R. P. , Hatton C. , Emerson E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial well‐being, including prosocial and peer relationship skills, independence and co‐operation, is a particularly important developmental outcome in intellectual disability (ID). The present study investigated pathways to social well‐being through the early years' family environment, particularly the role of parental investments in mediating the path from family poverty to child social well‐being.MethodsIn line with the Family Investment Model (FIM), we tested whether parental investments between 3 and 5 years of age mediate the impact of family poverty at 9 months of age on children's social well‐being at 7 years. Structural equation models were fitted to data from 555 children with ID identified from a UK population‐based cohort.ResultsFindings indicated that home learning investments and the structural home environment (though not play) significantly mediated the effect of family poverty on children's social skills, albeit in different directions. While all parental investments reduced in the presence of poverty, the home learning environment appeared to promote social well‐being, whereas the structural home environment did not. Sensitivity analyses controlling for co‐occurring autism confirmed the pattern of findings. Child gender, ethnicity and parental educational qualifications did not moderate the mediational relationships, suggesting that FIM pathways to social well‐being were relevant to all families.ConclusionsThe FIM provides a helpful framework to map developmental pathways for children with an ID. Parental investments related to home learning, the structural home environment and play are reduced in the presence of poverty although their impact on child social well‐being appears to differ.