bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study on staged surgery by delta video-assisted anal fistula treatment (dVAAFT) for complex anal fistula
Authors: La Torre Marco , La Greca Giorgio , Fiori Enrico , D’Andrea Vito , Tierno Simone Maria , Tommasini Federica , Grossi Ugo , Gallo Gaetano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractComplex anal fistulas (CAF) present a challenge in achieving healing while preserving anal sphincter function. This study aims to introduce a novel staged approach for CAF treatment, combining video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT), seton placement, and other staged approaches. Consecutive patients with CAF underwent the staged approach involving VAAFT and seton placement. Data on patient demographics, fistula characteristics, and operative findings were collected. Pre-operative work-up included clinical evaluation, endoanal ultrasonography (EAUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical techniques and outcomes were evaluated. Eighteen patients (median age 38 years) were included. Misplacement of a previously placed seton was observed in 64% of cases. VAAFT combined with seton placement achieved simplification and healing of secondary tracts in 66% of cases. Operative times significantly decreased across interventions. At a median follow-up of 14 months, complete healing was achieved in 2 patients, with 1 patient demonstrating persistence of the fistula. Post-operative complications were observed in 11% of patients, with no deterioration in continence. The staged approach combining VAAFT, seton placement, and staged procedures offers a potential solution for treating CAF. VAAFT provides diagnostic and therapeutic benefits, simplifying the fistula anatomy and optimizing seton placement. The approach allows subsequent procedures based on individual fistula characteristics.
End of life at the top of the world—stakeholder perspectives for plastics and circular transitions in the Arctic
Authors: Cowan Emily , Setsaas Lacie , Nørstebø Vibeke Stærkebye 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlastic pollution is a growing global concern. Although the pollution itself is transboundary and knows no borders—the accumulation of plastics can have a more detrimental impact depending on where it is. In this study, we focus on the Arctic, an area where fragile ecosystems are increasingly under pressure from human-made products such as plastics. Although plastic pollution takes place on a global scale, it will be up to the regional and local levels to implement solutions that work in practice. In light of this, we held a participatory stakeholder workshop in the town of Longyearbyen on Svalbard to identify local perceptions from sectors directly affected by and affecting plastic use and growing mitigation efforts on Svalbard. This was followed by a dialogue on best practices and roadblocks to shift towards a circular economy (CE) in the Arctic. We used a qualitative approach facilitating our workshop by building a group model with stakeholders in various sectors living and working in the Arctic coupled with semi-structured interviews that gain a more detailed understanding of the opportunities and pitfalls of the model. Our main goal was to better understand how the currently negotiated treaty to end plastic pollution may be better implemented at the national and local levels, starting with input from a smaller Arctic community heavily impacted by plastic pollution. In the end, participants stated a strong desire for top-down guidance to make it easier to implement changes at the local levels. Moreover, like that of the ongoing treaty negotiations, the importance of having the same definitions for a CE and its components was deemed vital to enact positive change.
Establishment and characterization of a novel cell line (SCCOHT-CH-1) and PDX models derived from Chinese patients of small cell ovarian carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type
Authors: Gao Yi , Zheng Kewei , Kang Mingyi , Xu Jing , Ning Yan , Hu Weiguo , Li Ke , Kang Yu , Xu Congjian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSmall cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that poses a significant clinical challenge due to its grim prognosis. Unfortunately, only three SCCOHT cell lines are currently available for scientific research. In this study, we have successfully established a novel SCCOHT cell line from a recurrent lesion of a SCCOHT patient, named SCCOHT-CH-1. We comprehensively characterized the novel cell line by employing techniques such as morphological observation, CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, clone formation assay, short tandem repeat sequence (STR) analysis, karyotype analysis, immunohistochemical staining, western blot assay, and xenograft tumor formation assay. SCCOHT-CH-1 cells were small circular and had a unique STR profile. The population-doubling time of SCCOHT-CH-1 was 33.02 h. The cell line showed potential migratory and invasive ability. Compared with another SCCOHT cell line COV434, SCCOHT-CH-1 exhibited higher expression of AKT, VIM, and CCND1. At the same time, SCCOHT-CH-1 has the ability of tumorigenesis in vivo. We also successfully constructed three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of SCCOHT, which were pathologically diagnosed to be consistent with the primary tumor, accompanied by loss of SAMRCA4 protein expression. The establishment of SCCOHT-CH-1 cell line and PDX models from Chinese people represent a pivotal step toward unraveling the molecular mechanism of SCCOHT and fostering the development of targeted interventions to tackle this challenging malignancy.
The Human Perception of Breathing: How Do We Perceive Breathing and Why Surgery Cannot Always Resolve Nasal Congestion
Authors: Garefis Konstantinos , Konstantinidis Iordanis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding the human perception of breathing and answer in questions of how do we perceive breathing and why surgery cannot always resolve nasal congestion.

Recent Findings
TRPM8 thermoreceptors expressing the majority of trigeminal afferents nerve endings within the nasal mucosa are responsible for human subjective perception of breathing. Human nose seems to sense patency with mechanisms involving localized peak mucosal cooling. A subset of patients after surgery for nasal obstruction suffers from persistent blocked nose, although clinical and laboratory examinations confirm normal airflow. The potential mechanism is a lower intranasal trigeminal sensitivity leading to a decreased subjective airflow perception.

Summary
Different factors and mechanisms like nasal thermoreceptors/mechanoreceptors, nasal mucosa cooling, nasonasal reflexes, and nasal cycle are implicated with the human perception of breathing. Abnormalities in nasal framework and/or trigeminal function may result in nasal congestion sensation. Surgery cannot always resolve this problem due to failed surgical technique, suboptimal preoperative diagnosis of concomitant disorders, and impaired intranasal trigeminal function.
Calibration interval scenario approach in spatial modeling of land cover change in East Kalimantan from 2016 to 2036
Authors: Arimjaya I Wayan Gede Krisna , Mulyana Ade Komara , Dimyati Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpatial modeling can be used to predict future land cover changes based on past and present conditions. However, it is not yet known to what extent this model can be used to predict the future with reliable accuracy. Therefore, by using multi-temporal land cover data, this study aims to build an optimal model based on the calibration interval scenario. The optimal model is then used to predict and analyze changes in land cover in East Kalimantan in 2016–2036. 11 classified multi-temporal land cover maps from the Landsat Time Series using Random Forest in Google Earth Engine are used to model 14 calibration interval scenarios. A land Change Modeler is used to model and predict land cover change with 14 driving variables. The results of the classification of multi-temporal land cover maps show a good level of accuracy, with an Overall Accuracy value of 71.43–85.14% and a Kappa value of 0.667–0.827. Then 2016–2021 is one of the best scenarios with 5-year intervals where the accuracy of future predictions can still be relied upon for up to three prediction iterations. The calibration interval scenario approach in spatial modeling in East Kalimantan can be relied upon to show a decrease in forest cover from 2016 to 2021, with a deforestation rate of 651 km2/year. The prediction of land cover in 2036 estimates that the remaining forest cover area in East Kalimantan is 69.203 km2. It is believed that topography is the most influential variable driving land cover change in East Kalimantan.
Convergent Approaches to AI Explainability for HEP Muonic Particles Pattern Recognition
Authors: Maglianella Leandro , Nicoletti Lorenzo , Giagu Stefano , Napoli Christian , Scardapane Simone 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeural networks are commonly defined as ‘black-box’ models, meaning that the mechanism describing how they give predictions and perform decisions is not immediately clear or even understandable by humans. Therefore, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) aims at overcoming such limitation by providing explanations to Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and, consequently, making their outcomes reliable for users. However, different xAI methods may provide different explanations, both from a quantitative and a qualitative point of view, and the heterogeneity of approaches makes it difficult for a domain expert to select and interpret their result. In this work, we consider this issue in the context of a high-energy physics (HEP) use-case concerning muonic motion. In particular, we explored an array of xAI methods based on different approaches, and we tested their capabilities in our use-case. As a result, we obtained an array of potentially easy-to-understand and human-readable explanations of models’ predictions, and for each of them we describe strengths and drawbacks in this particular scenario, providing an interesting atlas on the convergent application of multiple xAI algorithms in a realistic context.
A correlation study between virulence factors and multidrug resistance among clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Elhoshi Mai , El-Sherbiny Eglal , Elsheredy Amel , Aboulela Aliaa Gamaleldin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTreatment of Proteus mirabilis infections is a challenge due to the high abundance of virulence factors and the high intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR) further challenge the control of P. mirabilis infection. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between virulence determinants and multidrug resistance in 100 clinical isolates of P. mirabilis collected in Alexandria from December 2019 to June 2021. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was tested by the Kirby Bauer method. Detection of swarming, urease, protease, hemolysin, and biofilm formation was performed phenotypically and by PCR amplification of zapA, flaA, ureC, mrpA, atfA, ucaA, hpmA, and luxS. MDR and XDR were detected in 34% and 5%, respectively. All isolates were positive for motility, swarming, urease, and protease production. Ninety percent were positive for hemolysin production, while 73% formed biofilm. All isolates possessed the ureC and zapA genes. The luxS, flaA, ucaA, hpmA, mrpA, and atfA genes were detected in 99%, 98%, 96% 90%, 89%, and 84%, respectively. The presence of a single biofilm-related gene was statistically correlated with non-biofilm production (P= 0.018). It was concluded that P. mirabilis isolates from catheterized-urine samples were significantly associated with biofilm formation. MDR and virulence were not statistically correlated. A significant positive correlation was detected between some virulence genes in P. mirabilis. Non-MDR isolates of P. mirabilis had a high abundance of virulence factors with no statistically significant difference from MDR. Most of the MDR and all XDR isolates could produce biofilm.
Allergenic tree pollen in Johannesburg and Cape Town as a public health risk: towards a sustainable implementation framework for South African cities
Authors: Gharbi Dorra , Neumann Frank H. , Cilliers Sarel , Cornelius Selna , Viviers Jako , Drewes Ernst , Puren Karen , Berman Dilys , Esterhuizen Nanike , Ajikah Linus , Peter Jonny , Chakwizira James 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSouth Africa’s urban population is increasing, and in parallel, urban green infrastructure has shown an increase in alien tree species, e.g., mulberry (Morus sp.), oak (Quercus spp.) and plane trees (Platanus spp.) to name a few. This causes ecological problems since alien trees are often more water-demanding and competitive than indigenous trees, but they also increase the abundance of respiratory diseases often triggered by an allergic reaction towards the pollen of those alien taxa. In the current study, utilizing 7-day volumetric spore traps, we illustrate that the most abundant tree pollen in the two largest cities of South Africa, Cape Town and Johannesburg, is produced by alien trees with a high risk of allergenicity. This adds another aspect related to public health when evaluating plant species composition in urban forestry and urban ecology, which underlines the urgency of more intense monitoring. More importantly, this—for South Africa—newly emphasized risk for public health underlines the applicability of current directives [i.e., Spatial Development Frameworks (SDFs), localized Precinct Plans, Land Use Schemes (LUSs)] and implementation options in urban planning. Here, we present ideas that may be implemented in such a framework. From both a public health and an ecological perspective, it is recommended to plant indigenous trees like Combretum erythrophyllum, Vachellia and Senegalia spp. that have fewer ecosystem disservices, like a lower impact on public health due to lower allergenicity/lower pollen occurrence and providing more ecosystem services such as lower water needs.
Attitudes and behaviors of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in a predominantly Indigenous population in Mexico: a survey study
Authors: Joaquin Damas Elienai , Dahal Sushma , Rivera Aguilar Ana Gloria , Garcia Morales Juana , Sattenspiel Lisa , Mamelund Svenn-Erik , Chowell Gerardo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the most devastating worldwide crises. The pandemic has heavily affected the most vulnerable groups, including Indigenous communities. Our study aimed to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors relating to care and prevention of COVID-19 in a predominantly Indigenous university population in Mexico.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in early February 2022 focused on university students in a predominantly Indigenous community in central Mexico. The survey addressed prevention, vaccination, anthropometric data, and food intake.

Results
We obtained a high response rate of 71.6%, with 981 students (41.2%) identifying as belonging to an Indigenous group. In the sample, 3.1% (95% CI 2.07, 4.33) of the Indigenous group reported COVID-19 deaths among family members older than 18 years; this rate was 3% (95% CI 2.17, 4.03) in the non-Indigenous group. Whereas most of the students [98% (95% CI 97.62, 98.72)] reported having received COVID-19 vaccines, 36.6% (95% CI 33.57, 39.70) and 39.9% (95% CI (37.32, 42.52) of the Indigenous and non-Indigenous respondents, respectively, reported that their parents were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Finally, we found important differences in weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) between pre-pandemic baseline and two years after confinement in the general population as well as between Indigenous and non-Indigenous: general BMI increased from 22.9 ± 4.1 kg/m2 to 23.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2 (Wilcoxon test; P < 0.001). The BMI for the Indigenous went up from 22.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2 to 23.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2 (Wilcoxon test; P < 0.001), and BMI for non-Indigenous rose from 23.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2 to 24.0 4.2 kg/m2 (Wilcoxon test; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our study highlights significant vaccination disparities between our university population and their parents, although no substantial differences regarding attitudes and prevention of COVID-19 between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations were found. Findings suggest that efforts to expand prevention to students’ families and surrounding communities could lead to significant public health gains and should be further investigated. Furthermore, the university setting may improve access to prevention tools against COVID-19.
Martyrdom, Witnessing, and Social Lineages in the Tamil Country
Authors: Trento Margherita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article examines the martyrdom of the Jesuit
missionary Saint João de Brito (1647-1693) and the beginnings of his cult, at
once embedded in the local dynamics of the Tamil country and extending towards
broad imperial horizons. How did a Portuguese Jesuit, an agent of modern global
Catholicism, become such a locally anchored figure? And how did the last moments
of Brito’s life initiate a Tamil devotion that has lasted for over three
centuries? A diverse array of sources is used to address these questions: the
multilingual archives produced during early inquiries in support of Brito’s
canonization (particularly the witness statements of his catechists), a
missionary treatise in Tamil, and a life of Brito composed in Tamil by one of
his catechists and preserved in a palm-leaf manuscript. Two conclusions emerge
from this study. In the early eighteenth century, witnessing a martyrdom could
be a means of acquiring a certain degree of sanctity, and thus a spiritual and
social authority transmissible within family lineages. Moreover, by witnessing
Brito’s life and death, Tamil Christian laymen found a way of inscribing their
own lives into the history of Catholicism on both local and global scales.
Influence of COVID-19 on Stress at Work During the First Wave of the Pandemic Among Emergency Health Care Workers
Authors: Dupuy Marie , Dutheil Frédéric , Alvarez Al’ai , Godet Thomas , Adeyemi Oluwaseun John , Clinchamps Maëlys , Schmidt Jeannot , Lambert Céline , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
For more than 2 years, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has forced worldwide health care systems to adapt their daily practice. These adaptations add to the already stressful demands of providing timely medical care in an overcrowded health care system. Specifically, the COVID-19 pandemic added stress to an already overwhelmed emergency and critical care health care workers (HCWs) on the front lines during the first wave of the pandemic.
This study assessed comparative subjective and objective stress among frontline HCWs using a visual analog scale and biometric data, specifically heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods:
This is a prospective, observational study using surveys and heart rate monitoring among HCWs who work in 3 frontline health care units (emergency department, mobile intensive care unit, and intensive care unit) in the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France. Two sessions were performed: 1 during the first wave of the pandemic (April 10 to May 10, 2020) and 1 after the first wave of the pandemic (June 10 to July 15, 2020).
The primary outcome is the difference in stress levels between the 2 time points. Secondary objectives were the impact of overcrowding, sociodemographics, and other variables on stress levels. We also assessed the correlation between subjective and objective stress levels.

Results:
Among 199 HCWs, 98 participated in biometric monitoring, 84 had biometric and survey data, and 12 with only biometric data. Subjective stress was higher during the second time point compared to the first (4.39 ± 2.11 vs 3.16 ± 2.34, P = 0.23). There were higher objective stress levels with a decrease in HRV between the first and the second time points. Furthermore, we found higher patient volumes as a source of stress during the second time point. We did not find any significant correlation between subjective and objective stress levels.

Conclusion:
HCWs had higher stress levels between the 2 waves of the pandemic. Overcrowding in the emergency department is associated with higher stress levels. We did not find any correlation between subjective and objective stress among intensive care and emergency HCWs during the first wave of the pandemic.
WEDNESBURY UNREASONABLENESS
Authors: Perry Adam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdministrative decisions are unlawful if they are unreasonable, in the sense that Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd. v Wednesbury Corporation made famous. What is Wednesbury unreasonableness, precisely? Courts have not clearly said, and existing academic answers are flawed. Here I propose a new answer. My claim, roughly, is that a Wednesbury unreasonable decision is one that a court is entitled, given the evidence before it, to conclude was wrong, given the evidence before the authority when it made the decision. In a slogan: Wednesbury unreasonableness is demonstrable wrongness.
Le témoignage d'Almamy Maliki Yattara sur W. A. Brown: Dr Brown through the Testimony of Almamy Maliki Yattara
Authors: Salvaing Bernard 
Published: August 2023

RésuméAlmamy Maliki Yattara, en sa double qualité de traditionniste et d’arabisant, fut chargé par l’Institut des Sciences Humaines de Bamako d’accompagner W. A. Brown pendant ses recherches. Dans ses Mémoires, Yattara a laissé sur leurs enquêtes un témoignage saisissant, où transparaissent l’estime et la complicité existant entre deux personnes venues d’horizons si différents. On y voit également comment les curiosités et les approches du chercheur ont pu être influencées par les positionnements de son guide. Yattara décrit longuement leur quête des manuscrits arabes locaux qu’ils photographiaient inlassablement, dans un domaine de recherche où Brown joua un rôle de pionnier.
Integrative taxonomy ofUrocleidoidesspp. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) parasites of characiform and gymnotiform fishes from the coastal drainages of the Eastern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Santos Neto J.F. , Domingues M.V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEight species (four new) ofUrocleidoidesare reported from Characiformes and Gymnotiformes fishes of the coastal drainages of the Eastern Amazon.Urocleidoides vaninin. sp. is characterized by having a male copulatory organ (MCO) with three and a half counterclockwise rings, absence of vaginal sclerite, and a V-shaped ventral bar.Urocleidoides atilaiamarinoin. sp. has MCO with two and a half counterclockwise rings, dumbbell-shaped accessory piece, similar anchors, open V-shaped ventral bar, and open U-shaped dorsal bar.Urocleidoides macrosoman. sp. exhibits an elongate and robust body, MCO comprising one counterclockwise ring, similar anchors with wavy point, and dumbbell-shaped ventral and dorsal bars.Urocleidoides nataliapasternakaen. sp. has MCO comprising two and a half counterclockwise rings, vaginal canal convoluted, point of the dorsal anchor with ornamentation as sclerotized shredded filaments, elongate dumbbell-shaped ventral bar, and U-shaped dorsal bar.Urocleidoides narisandUrocleidoides brasiliensisfromH. malabaricus(Characiformes) and theincertae sedisspecies,Urocleidoides gymnotusandUrocleidoides carapus, fromSternopygus macrurus(Gymnotiformes) are reported, and their molecular sequences are presented in this study. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data (28S rDNA and COI mtDNA) reveal that species ofUrocleidoideslacking vaginal sclerite are closely related to species that possess vaginal sclerite, suggesting that the absence of vaginal sclerite inUrocleidoidesmay be the result of a secondary loss. The relationships between species ofUrocleidoidesand other Neotropical dactylogyrids are also addressed.