bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Discontinuation of Weekly Surveillance Testing on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the NICU
Authors: Petersen Rebecca Y. , Hillman Noah H. , Sadiq Farouk H. , Brownsworth Christopher A. , Williams Howard L. , Josephsen Justin B. 
Published: February 2023

Objective Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a major cause of serious morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There is no clear consensus on infection control measures. Some approaches to MRSA colonization management may be burdensome with unclear benefits. The objective of this study was to determine if stopping weekly MRSA surveillance with active detection and contact isolation (ADI) was associated with a change in infection rate.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of infants admitted to two affiliated NICUs. The ADI cohort infants received weekly nasal MRSA cultures and were placed in contact isolation if MRSA colonized for the duration of their hospitalization. The No Surveillance cohort infants were only placed in isolation if there was active MRSA infection or if MRSA colonization was identified incidentally. The rates of infection were determined between the cohorts.
Results There were 8,406 neonates representing 193,684 NICU days in the comparison period. In the ADI cohort, MRSA colonization occurred in 3.4% of infants and infection occurred in 29 infants (0.4%). There were no differences between cohorts in the percent of infants with a MRSA infection at any site (0.5 vs. 0.5%, p = 0.89), rate of MRSA infections per 1,000 patient-days (0.197 vs. 0.201, p = 0.92), rate of bloodstream infections (0.12 vs. 0.26%, p = 0.18), or in the overall mortality rate (3.7 vs. 3.0% p = 0.13). ADI represented an annual cost of $590,000.
Conclusion The rates of MRSA infection did not change when weekly ADI was discontinued and was associated with a decrease in cost and resource utilization.
Key Points
In-Hospital Newborn Falls and Near Miss Events: A Need to Report
Authors: Unal Sezin , Demirel Nihal , Tokgoz-Cuni Betül , İyigün Fatma , Moraloglu Tekin Ozlem , Baş Ahmet Y. 
Published: February 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the neonates who fell in the maternity ward and identify the incidence of near miss events during the immediate postpartum period.
Study Design The study consisted of two steps. The retrospective part included the evaluation of admissions due to the in-hospital newborn fall for 6 years. The prospective part included the assessment of the near miss events (any probability of falling of the newborn; either cosleeping or an incident with a possible consequence of falling of the newborn) in the postpartum clinic (<72 hours after delivery) for a period of 4 weeks. The details of the events and clinical outcomes were recorded. A questionnaire about fatigue was administered to mothers who experienced near miss event.
Results Seventeen in-hospital newborn falls were recorded: 1.8 to 2.4/10,000 live births. The median age of the neonates when the fall occurred was 22 (16–34) postnatal hours. Fourteen events (82%) occurred between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. All neonates who experienced a fall were discharged without any known adverse outcomes. Twelve mothers (71%) had experienced a near miss event before. In the prospective arm of the study, 67 out of 804 mothers (8.3%) were found to experience a near miss event (44/1,000 days of postpartum hospitalization). Thirty-two events (49%) occurred in the first postpartum day. Fifty-two events (78%) occurred between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Fifty-eight mothers (86%) had no companion. Sixty-three percent of the mothers expressed intense fatigue after delivery.
Conclusion In-hospital newborn fall may occur in the postpartum period, and near miss events should warn clinicians for a probable fall event. The nighttime shift requires more attention regarding the prevention of both the fall and the near miss events. Immediate postpartum mothers are needed to be observed carefully.
Key Points
Long-term persistence and functionality of adoptively transferred antigen-specific T cells with genetically ablated PD-1 expression
Authors: Dötsch Sarah , Svec Mortimer , Schober Kilian , Hammel Monika , Wanisch Andreas , Gökmen Füsun , Jarosch Sebastian , Warmuth Linda , Barton Jack , Cicin-Sain Luka , D’Ippolito Elvira , Busch Dirk H. 
Published: February 2023

Engagement of the inhibitory T cell receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) associates with dysfunctional states of pathogen- or tumor-specific T cells. Accordingly, systemic antibody-mediated blockade of PD-1 has become a central target for immunotherapies but is also associated with severe toxicities due to loss of peripheral tolerance. Therefore, selective ablation of PD-1 expression on adoptively transferred T cells through direct genetic knockout (KO) is currently being explored as an alternative therapeutic approach. However, since PD-1 might also be required for the regulation of physiological T cell function and differentiation, the suitability of PD-1 as an engineering target is controversial. In this study, we systematically investigated the maintenance of T cell functionality after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PD-1 KO in vivo during and after acute and chronic antigen encounter. Under all tested conditions, PD-1 ablation preserved the persistence, differentiation, and memory formation of adoptively transferred receptor transgenic T cells. Functional PD-1 KO T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 could be robustly detected for over 390 d in a syngeneic immunocompetent mouse model, in which constant antigen exposure was provided by continuous B cell renewal, representing the longest in vivo follow-up of CAR-T cells described to date. PD-1 KO CAR-T cells showed no evidence for malignant transformation during the entire observation period. Our data demonstrate that genetic ablation of PD-1 does not impair functionality and longevity of adoptively transferred T cells per se and therefore may be pursued more generally in engineered T cell-based immunotherapy to overcome a central immunosuppressive axis.
Cyanovirin-N binds to select SARS-CoV-2 spike oligosaccharides outside of the receptor binding domain and blocks infection by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana , Monteiro Fábio Luís Lima , Krumpe Lauren R. H. , Armario-Najera Victoria , Shenoy Shilpa R. , Perez-Zsolt Daniel , Westgarth Harrison James , Villorbina Gemma , Bomfim Larissa Maciel , Raïch-Regué Dàlia , Nogueras Lara , Henrich Curtis J. , Gallemí Marçal , Moreira Filipe Romero Rebello , Torres Pascual , Wilson Jennifer , D’arc Mirela , Marfil Silvia , Herlinger Alice Laschuk , Pradenas Edwards , Higa Luiza Mendonça , Portero-Otin Manuel , Trinité Benjamin , Twyman Richard M. , Capell Teresa , Tanuri Amilcar , Blanco Julià , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria , Rech Elibio L. , Christou Paul , O’Keefe Barry R. 
Published: February 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive stranded RNA virus which has caused the recent deadly pandemic called COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virion is coated with a heavily glycosylated Spike glycoprotein which is responsible for attachment and entry into target cells. One, as yet unexploited strategy for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, is the targeting of the glycans on Spike. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins produced by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Some lectins can neutralize enveloped viruses displaying external glycoproteins, offering an alternative therapeutic approach for the prevention of infection with virulent β-coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. Here we show that the cyanobacterial lectin cyanovirin-N (CV-N) can selectively target SARS-CoV-2 Spike oligosaccharides and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo. CV-N neutralizes Delta and Omicron variants in vitro better than earlier circulating viral variants. CV-N binds selectively to Spike with a Kd as low as 15 nM and a stoichiometry of 2 CV-N: 1 Spike but does not bind to the receptor binding domain (RBD). Further mapping of CV-N binding sites on Spike shows that select high-mannose oligosaccharides in the S1 domain of Spike are targeted by CV-N. CV-N also reduced viral loads in the nares and lungs in vivo to protect hamsters against a lethal viral challenge. In summary, we present an anti-coronavirus agent that works by an unexploited mechanism and prevents infection by a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to frontal but not occipital cortex disrupts endogenous attention
Authors: Fernández Antonio , Hanning Nina M. , Carrasco Marisa 
Published: February 2023

Covert endogenous (voluntary) attention improves visual performance. Human neuroimaging studies suggest that the putative human homolog of macaque frontal eye fields (FEF+) is critical for this improvement, whereas early visual areas are not. Yet, correlational MRI methods do not manipulate brain function. We investigated whether rFEF+ or V1/V2 plays a causal role in endogenous attention. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to alter activity in the visual cortex or rFEF+ when observers performed an orientation discrimination task while attention was manipulated. On every trial, they received double-pulse TMS at a predetermined site (stimulated region) around V1/V2 or rFEF+. Two cortically magnified gratings were presented, one in the stimulated region (contralateral to the stimulated area) and another in the symmetric (ipsilateral) nonstimulated region. Grating contrast was varied to measure contrast response functions (CRFs) for all attention and stimulation combinations. In experiment 1, the CRFs were similar at the stimulated and nonstimulated regions, indicating that early visual areas do not modulate endogenous attention during stimulus presentation. In contrast, occipital TMS eliminates exogenous (involuntary) attention effects on performance [A. Fernández, M. Carrasco,
Curr. Biol.

30
, 4078–4084 (2020)]. In experiment 2, rFEF+ stimulation decreased the overall attentional effect; neither benefits at the attended location nor costs at the unattended location were significant. The frequency and directionality of microsaccades mimicked this pattern: Whereas occipital stimulation did not affect microsaccades, rFEF+ stimulation caused a higher microsaccade rate directed toward the stimulated hemifield. These results provide causal evidence of the role of this frontal region for endogenous attention.
The competence in little words
Authors: Schirm Sam , Uskokovic Budimka , Taleghani-Nikazm Carmen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractL2 frameworks, such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, describe expected linguistic abilities at different levels of L2 development. These frameworks, and the assessment rubrics they inform, only peripherally address how L2 speakersrespondto informings in interaction. Through responses interactants show their understanding of, and stance toward, a previous informing. In question-answer sequences in which a participant requests new information, the response to the answer may additionally reveal the questioning participant’s orientation to the answer in terms of its fit with the question. Responses to informings are thus a site of important interactional work. In our paper, we draw on the notion of ‘Interactional Competence’ and propose a conversation-analytic approach to assessing L2 speakers’ responses to elicited informings in German in question-answer sequences. We analyze L2 speakers’ use of tokens (e.g.,oh, okay, wirklich) in sequentially third position in dyadic, video-mediated everyday conversations with L1 speakers, as, in the turns following the third-position token, participants make visible their understanding of the token. We thereby attempt to describe how competent an L2 speaker’s use of a third-position token is. We end our paper by using our findings to make recommendations for language assessment frameworks and rubrics.
An 8-inch commercial aluminum nitride MEMS platform for the co-existence of Lamb wave and film bulk acoustic wave resonators
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Hsuan , Tung Shao-Siang , Huang Yan-Ming , Wu Guan-Lin , Chang Chin-Yu , Ho Yens , Chen Yung-Hsiang , Pradeep Yelehanka , Chand Rakesh , Li Ming-Huang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work investigates a co-design approach for fundamental symmetric Lamb wave (S0) resonators (LWR) and film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBAR) in a commercial 8-inch aluminum nitride (AlN) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) platform to enable multi-band operation. The platform utilizes surface micromachining to define local release cavities, providing an undercut-free solution for acoustic resonators to achieve a high quality factor (Q). However, being based on a standardized platform initially tailored for FBAR devices, many design considerations and trade-offs need to be investigated for the co-existence between LWR and FBAR design. Hence, to capture the optimal design window for S0 LWRs while analyzing its performance impact on existing FBARs, the electrode configuration and its thickness are thoroughly investigated by the finite element method. In this work, a 2.2 GHz FBAR, a 700 MHz S0 LWR, and a 2.19 GHz S0 Lamé LWR are demonstrated for performance evaluation across different types of devices in this platform. The measurement results revealed a baseline performance for the FBAR device with an electromechanical coupling factor (

k

t

2

) of 6.73% and Q of 3017 at 2.2 GHz, resulting in a high figure-of-merit (FoM =

k

t

2

⋅
Q

) over 200. In comparison, the 700 MHz S0 LWR exhibits a high Q of 2532 as well and a

k

t

2

of 1.1% (FoM = 27.8), while the 2.19 GHz S0 Lamé LWR also exhibits a high Q of 1752 and a

k

t

2

of 2.44% (FoM = 42.7), respectively. These performance indexes are all comparable with the current state-of-the-art, revealing the excellent potential of this AlN MEMS platform being implemented for future LWR development design or even mass production.
MEMS piezoelectric resonant microphone array for lung sound classification
Authors: Liu Hai , Barekatain Matin , Roy Akash , Liu Song , Cao Yunqi , Tang Yongkui , Shkel Anton , Kim Eun Sok 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper reports a highly sensitive piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonant microphone array (RMA) for detection and classification of wheezing in lung sounds. The RMA is composed of eight width-stepped cantilever resonant microphones with Mel-distributed resonance frequencies from 230 to 630 Hz, the main frequency range of wheezing. At the resonance frequencies, the unamplified sensitivities of the microphones in the RMA are between 86 and 265 mV Pa−1, while the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for 1 Pa sound pressure are between 86.6 and 98.0 dBA. Over 200–650 Hz, the unamplified sensitivities are between 35 and 265 mV Pa−1, while the SNRs are between 79 and 98 dBA. Wheezing feature in lung sounds recorded by the RMA is more distinguishable than that recorded by a reference microphone with traditional flat sensitivity, and thus, the automatic classification accuracy of wheezing is higher with the lung sounds recorded by the RMA than with those by the reference microphone, when tested with deep learning algorithms on computer or with simple machine learning algorithms on low-power wireless chip set for wearable applications.
Effect of simultaneous electrical and mechanical stressing on porosity of Ti3C2T
x
MXene films
Authors: Sharp Logan C , Al-Mamun Nahid Sultan , Wetherington Maxwell , Haque Aman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
MXenes are atomically layered carbides and nitrides of transition metals that have potential for micro-devices applications in energy storage, conversion, and transport. This emerging family of materials is typically studied as nanosheets or ultra-thin films, for which the internal defects are mostly nanoscale flake-flake interface separation type. However, micro-devices applications would require thicker films, which exhibit very high density of microscale pores. Electrical conductivity of thicker MXenes is significantly lower than nanosheets, and the physics of defect size and density control are also different and less understood. Current art is to perform high temperature annealing to improve the electrical conductivity, which can structurally alter or degrade MXene. The key contribution of this study is a room-temperature annealing process that exploits the synergy between electrical pulses and compressive mechanical loading. Experimental results indicate over a 90% increase in electrical conductivity, which reflects a decrease in void size and density. In the absence of compressive loading, the same process resulted in a conductivity increase of approximately 75%. Analytical spectroscopy and microscopy indicated that the proposed multi-stimuli process kept the MXene composition intact while significantly decreasing the void size and density.
Developing a multi-sample acoustofluidic device for high-throughput cell aggregation
Authors: Yang Renhua , Huang Siping , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Chao , Qian Jingui , Lam Raymond H W , Lee Joshua E-Y , Wang Zuankai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plug-and-play acoustofluidic devices are highly promising for dexterously aggregating microparticles owing to the advantages of being contactless, label-free, and cost-efficient. Despite the extensive progress, existing acoustofluidic devices are largely limited to addressing a single sample per device, lacking the ability to address multiple samples for high-throughput operations in a single acoustofluidic device. In this work, we report a high-throughput multi-sample acoustofluidic aggregation device that enables manipulation of up to 12 samples simultaneously using a single reusable acoustic tweezer. The key design of the multi-sample acoustofluidic device lies in the utilization of a polydimethylsiloxane frame as a selective acoustic-absorbing feature to create asymmetric acoustic waves over multiple detachable superstrates in a single device. This approach is distinct from conventional strategies which mostly have involved modifying the superstrates or tuning the settings for individual superstrates. We demonstrate that the proposed acoustofluidic device can efficiently aggregate multiple samples of various compositions ranging from non-bioactive microparticles to bioactive cells, as well as a range of object sizes spanning from 0.6 µm to 13 µm. Given its merits of simplicity, cost-efficiency and high throughput, the proposed platform could be useful for biomedical applications requiring large-scale operations, such as 3D tumor spheroids and bio-sensors.
Effect of dielectric target properties on plasma surface ionization wave propagation
Authors: Morsell Joshua , Bhatt Naman , Dechant Corey , Shannon Steven 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Surface ionization waves (SIWs) propagating along dielectric covered, grounded surfaces have been studied for various dielectric bulk and surface conditions; a dependence on the propagation velocity with respect to dielectric electrical thickness and near surface permittivity profiles are observed. SIWs generated by an atmospheric pressure plasma source are imaged interacting with planar dielectric surface. Surface wave velocity is obtained by tracking emission intensity as a function of time. Target dielectric thickness is varied from

d
=
0.15
−
10

mm and dielectric constant is varied from

ϵ
r

=
6.21
−
9.4

. The propagation of SIWs can be generally predicted by relating their velocity to the RC time constant of the circuit generated between the plasma and the dielectric surface, but it is found that this approximation breaks down for dielectric substrates of sufficient thickness and wave velocity becomes constant. The results show that wave velocity is stable and predictable for target thicknesses beyond a certain point determined by the permittivity of the target material. It is also shown that SIW propagation is strongly driven by the dielectric material near to the surface of the target in addition to the bulk material. The possible mechanisms driving these thickness dependent behaviors is discussed.
Theoretical studies on electronic, magnetic and optical properties of two dimensional transition metal trihalides
Authors: Basak Krishnanshu , Ghosh Mainak , Chowdhury Suman , Jana Debnarayan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Two dimensional transition metal trihalides have drawn attention over the years due to their intrinsic ferromagnetism and associated large anisotropy at nanoscale. The interactions involved in these layered structures are of van der Waals types which are important for exfoliation to different thin samples. This enables one to compare the journey of physical properties from bulk structures to monolayer counterpart. In this topical review, the modulation of electronic, magnetic and optical properties by strain engineering, alloying, doping, defect engineering etc have been discussed extensively. The results obtained by first principle density functional theory calculations are verified by recent experimental observations. The relevant experimental synthesis of different morphological transition metal trihalides are highlighted. The feasibility of such routes may indicate other possible heterostructures. Apart from spintronics based applications, transition metal trihalides are potential candidates in sensing and data storage. Moreover, high thermoelectric figure of merit of chromium trihalides at higher temperatures leads to the possibility of multi-purpose applications. We hope this review will give important directions to further research in transition metal trihalide systems having tunable band gap with reduced dimensionalities.
Topological skyrmion phases of matter
Authors: Cook Ashley M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We introduce topological phases of matter defined by skyrmions in the ground state spin—or pseudospin—expectation value textures in the Brillouin zone, the chiral and helical topological skyrmion phases of matter. These phases are protected by a symmetry present in centrosymmetric superconductors. We consider a tight-binding model for spin-triplet superconductivity in transition metal oxides and find it realizes each of these topological skyrmion phases. The chiral phase is furthermore realized for a parameter set characterizing Sr2RuO4 with spin-triplet superconductivity. We also find two types of topological phase transitions by which the skyrmion number can change. The second type occurs without the closing of energy gaps in a system described by a quadratic Hamiltonian without breaking the protecting symmetries when atomic spin–orbit coupling is non-negligible and there is a suitable additional degree of freedom. This contradicts the ‘flat band’ limit assumption important in use of entanglement spectrum and Wilson loops, and in construction of the ten-fold way classification scheme of topological phases of matter. We furthermore predict two kinds of bulk-boundary correspondence signatures—one for measurements which execute a partial trace over degrees of freedom other than spin, which yields quantized transport signatures—and a second resulting from skyrmions trapping defects with their own non-trivial topology that is discussed in a second work, which yields generalizations of unpaired Majorana zero-modes.
Resonances and antiresonances in heat generation by spin current in a quantum dot
Authors: Zhou Li-Ling , Yang Mou , Zhou Xue-Yun , Zeng Zhao–Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the heat generation in a quantum dot exposed to a rotating magnetic field and coupled to a normal lead. Both electron-phonon interaction and electron-electron interaction are considered in the dot. We show the emergence of resonances and antiresonances in the heat generation, which we attribute to constructive interference and destructive interference between phonon waves emitted from opposite spin channels in the dot.