bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of quantum double dark-solitons and an exact finite-size scaling of Bose–Einstein condensation
Authors: Kinjo Kayo , Sato Jun , Deguchi Tetsuo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We show several novel aspects in the exact non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum double dark-soliton states in the Lieb–Liniger model for the one-dimensional Bose gas with repulsive interactions. We also show an exact finite-size scaling of the fraction of the quasi-Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in the ground state, which should characterize the quasi-BEC in quantum double dark-soliton states that we assume to occur in the weak coupling regime. First, we show the exact time evolution of the density profile in the quantum state associated with a quantum double dark-soliton by the Bethe ansatz. Secondly, we derive a kind of macroscopic quantum wave-function effectively by exactly evaluating the square amplitude and phase profiles of the matrix element of the field operator between the quantum double dark-soliton states. The profiles are close to those of dark-solitons particularly in the weak-coupling regime. Then, the scattering of two notches in the quantum double dark-soliton state is exactly demonstrated. It is suggested from the above observations that the quasi-BEC should play a significant role in the dynamics of quantum double dark-soliton states. If the condensate fraction is close to 1, the quantum state should be well approximated by the quasi-BEC state where the mean-field picture is valid.
Effects of mono and mix diets on growth of Artemia and its application as dietary sources of Pterophyllum scalare (Angelfish)
Authors: Aziz Nik Syifa Amni Nik Abdul , Azani Nizalmie , Yatim Siti Rohana , Rasdi Nadiah Wan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Artemia is a type of brine shrimp that can provide good nutrients and a well digested fish larva with high potential live feed. Therefore, Artemia is readily contained in capsulated cysts that have been preserved for a long period of time. In the industrial, however, there is a lack of knowledge and technique regarding the handling of suitable life feed as first feed for fish larvae. The study is to observe the growth and survival rate of Angelfish larvae (Pterophyllum scalare) with various types of enriched Artemia. Three types enrichment are used (Tetraselmis sp., Chlorella sp., and mixed diet; Tetraselmis sp. + Chlorella sp.). This experiment was performed for 35 days, and the growth (SGR), survival and nutritional analysis were reported to assess the effect of the larvae of Angelfish. Specific growth rate (SGR) of Angelfish larvae (11.49 ± 0.63%), and survival rate (81.0 ± 1.92%). Angelfish larvae had the highest growth and survival rate on mixed diet fed (Tetraselmis sp. + Chlorella sp.) compared to other enrichments, Tetraselmis sp. (9.56 ± 0.08%, 70.00 ± 0.00%) and sp. (10.03 ± 0.13%, 74.0 ± 2.03%), this was related while examining the protein and lipids. The mean value of the mixed diet protein and lipid analysis (57.91 ± 0.27%, 7.31 ± 1.35%) is the highest as compared to other enrichments, Tetraselmis sp. (44.73 ± 0.73%, 4.85 ± 0.60%), and Chlorella sp. (49.76 ± 1.19%, 7.31± 5.05%). As the conclusion, mixed diet is more successful diet for growth performances and survival rate to fish larvae. This study applies if the Artemia can be culture in the future without the technique of decapsulation cysts to reduce cost in using Artemia.
Risk and Benefit of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines for the Omicron Variant by Age, Sex, and Presence of Comorbidity: A Quality-Adjusted Life Years Analysis
Authors: Kitano Taito , Thompson David A , Engineer Lilly , Dudley Matthew Z , Salmon Daniel A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The development of the mutant omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised the importance of reevaluating the risk and benefit of COVID-19 vaccines. With a decision tree model, we calculated the benefit-risk ratio and the benefit-risk difference of receiving monovalent messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine (primary 2 doses, a third dose, and a fourth dose) in the 4–5 months after vaccination using quality-adjusted life years. The analysis was stratified by age, sex, and the presence of comorbidity. Evidence from peer-reviewed publications and gray literature was reviewed on September 16, 2022, to inform the study. Benefit-risk ratios for receipt of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) ranged from 6.8 for males aged 12–17 years without comorbidity for the primary doses to 221.3 for females aged ≥65 years with comorbidity for the third dose. The benefit-risk ratios for receipt of the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) ranged from 7.2 for males aged 18–29 years without comorbidity for the primary doses to 101.4 for females aged ≥65 years with comorbidity for the third dose. In all scenarios of the one-way sensitivity analysis, the benefit-risk ratios were more than 1, irrespective of age, sex, comorbidity status, and type of vaccine, for both primary and booster doses. The benefits of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in protecting against the omicron variant outweigh the risks, irrespective of age, sex, and comorbidity.
Introduction of the Lip Classification of Tubercles: A Novel Approach to Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Lip Treatments
Authors: Harris Steven , Alfertshofer Michael , Allen Rory , Castellari Fabrizio , Othoro Don , Bran Greg , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Lip enhancement procedures involving dermal fillers are one of the most sought after nonsurgical aesthetic treatments. However, current trends are associated with unnatural results and involve increased risks of complications and compromise to normal function. It appears that lips may be classified according to the presentation of their tubercles and this may be used to guide minimally invasive techniques which aim to preserve individual lip shapes and normal function.

Objectives
To test the reliability of a classification system based on lip tubercle morphology, named the Lip Classification of Tubercles (LCT).

Methods
To test the reliability of the LCT, a total of 214 high-definition photographs of patients’ lips with no previous histories of lip treatments were classified independently by 4 experienced aesthetic practitioners on 2 separate occasions 3 months apart; the second followed a more detailed explanation of the classification.

Results
When inter-rater reliability was calculated for the first attempt, the results were 36% and 43% for upper and lower lips, respectively. The second attempt following an education process resulted in 79% for both lips. When 1 practitioner was considered the standard, the average score for the remaining 3 showed some individual variation but improved significantly from 58% to 85%.

Conclusions
The LCT is a reliable way to classify lip types based on the morphology of tubercles.

Level of Evidence: 3
Insatiable souls: Philo of Alexandria’s readings of food
Authors: Flaig Carsten 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While Philo of Alexandria maintained that the pleasure that stems from the consumption of food can overstimulate human desire, he attributed great philosophical significance to the symbolism of food. On the one hand, in De specialibus legibus 4, the food that is permitted for consumption in the Torah is open to philosophical explanation and inspires learning; on the other, Philo connects what he considers to be the most godlike part of humans—the intellect—with a kind of intellectual nourishment, which is accompanied by a transformed pleasure that is not—and cannot be—excessive. In this chapter, I suggest that Philo adopted Platonic food imagery to differentiate between different layers of desire for and enjoyment of food. This, in turn, was a way to articulate the difference, and also the mediation, between the intellectual (noetic) and the sense-perceptible cosmos.
√2-estimation for smooth eigenvectors of matrix-valued functions
Authors: Motta Giovanni , Wu Wei Biao , Pourahmadi Mohsen 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Modern statistical methods for multivariate time series rely on the eigendecomposition of matrix-valued functions such as time-varying covariance and spectral density matrices. The curse of indeterminacy or misidentification of smooth eigenvector functions has not received much attention. We resolve this important problem and recover smooth trajectories by examining the distance between the eigenvectors of the same matrix-valued function evaluated at two consecutive points. We change the sign of the next eigenvector if its distance with the current one is larger than the square root of 2. In the case of distinct eigenvalues, this simple method delivers smooth eigenvectors. For coalescing eigenvalues, we match the corresponding eigenvectors and apply an additional signing around the coalescing points. We establish consistency and rates of convergence for the proposed smooth eigenvector estimators. Simulation results and applications to real data confirm that our approach is needed to obtain smooth eigenvectors.
Automatic case cluster detection using hospital electronic health record data
Authors: DeWitt Michael E , Wierzba Thomas F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Case detection through contact tracing is a key intervention during an infectious disease outbreak. However, contact tracing is an intensive process where a given contact tracer must locate not only confirmed cases but also identify and interview known contacts. Often these data are manually recorded. During emerging outbreaks, the number of contacts could expand rapidly and beyond this, when focused on individual transmission chains, larger patterns may not be identified. Understanding if particular cases can be clustered and linked to a common source can help to prioritize contact tracing effects and understand underlying risk factors for large spreading events. Electronic health records systems are used by the vast majority of private healthcare systems across the USA, providing a potential way to automatically detect outbreaks and connect cases through already collected data. In this analysis, we propose an algorithm to identify case clusters within a community during an infectious disease outbreak using Bayesian probabilistic case linking and explore how this approach could supplement outbreak responses; especially when human contact tracing resources are limited.
Score Function for the Optimization of the Performance of Forward Fill/Flush Differential Flow Modulation for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Authors: Lelevic Aleksandra , Geantet Christophe , Lorentz Chantal , Moreaud Maxime , Souchon Vincent 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Modulation is the key element of the comprehensive 2D gas chromatography separation. Forward fill/flush flow modulation is cost effective, robust and suitable for analysis of a wide range of samples. Even though this modulation system is well known, studies regarding its optimization are sparse. In this work, based on hundreds of experiments involving multiple column sets and modulation conditions, an approach was proposed that permits to facilitate the choice of the forward fill/flush flow modulation parameters. A score function was developed that allows to predict the forward fill/flush flow modulation process efficiency as judged by the modulated peak shape. The score function was based on the physical rules for optimized and quantitative forward fill/flush flow modulation proposed in our previous work, which state that the sum of the fill and flush modulation distances should be close to the modulation channel length and that the ratio of the flush and fill distances should be sufficiently high for efficient channel flushing. The score function was embedded in a freely available tool in the form of a forward fill/flush flow modulation calculator, which allows the user either to quickly check the relevancy of the modulation operating conditions or to obtain a suggestion for optimal modulation parameters.
Multiplexing Homocysteine into First-Tier Newborn Screening Mass Spectrometry Assays Using Selective Thiol Derivatization
Authors: Pickens C Austin , Courtney Elya , Isenberg Samantha L , Cuthbert Carla , Petritis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Classical homocystinuria (HCU) results from deficient cystathionine β-synthase activity, causing elevated levels of Met and homocysteine (Hcy). Newborn screening (NBS) aims to identify HCU in pre-symptomatic newborns by assessing Met concentrations in first-tier screening. However, unlike Hcy, Met testing leads to a high number of false-positive and -negative results. Therefore, screening for Hcy directly in first-tier screening would be a better biomarker for use in NBS.

Methods
Dried blood spot (DBS) quality control and residual clinical specimens were used in analyses. Several reducing and maleimide reagents were investigated to aid in quantification of total Hcy (tHcy). The assay which was developed and validated was performed by flow injection analysis–tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS).

Results
Interferents of tHcy measurement were identified, so selective derivatization of Hcy was employed. Using N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) to selectively derivatize Hcy allowed interferent-free quantification of tHcy by FIA-MS/MS in first-tier NBS. The combination of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) and NEM yielded significantly less matrix effects compared to dithiothreitol (DTT) and NEM. Analysis of clinical specimens demonstrated that the method could distinguish between HCU-positive, presumptive normal newborns, and newborns receiving total parenteral nutrition.

Conclusions
Here we present the first known validated method capable of screening tHcy in DBS during FIA-MS/S first-tier NBS.
Time-Aware Data Partition Optimization and Heterogeneous Task Scheduling Strategies in Spark Clusters
Authors: Lu SenXing , Zhao Mingming , Li Chunlin , Du Quanbing , Luo Youlong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Spark computing framework provides an efficient solution to address the major requirements of big data processing, but data partitioning and job scheduling in the Spark framework are the two major bottlenecks that limit Spark’s performance. In the Spark Shuffle phase, the data skewing problem caused by unbalanced data partitioning leads to the problem of increased job completion time. In response to the above problems, a balanced partitioning strategy for intermediate data is proposed in this article, which considers the characteristics of intermediate data, establishes a data skewing model and proposes a dynamic partitioning algorithm. In Spark heterogeneous clusters, because of the differences in node performance and task requirements, the default task scheduling algorithm cannot complete scheduling efficiently, which leads to low system task processing efficiency. In order to deal with the above problems, an efficient job scheduling strategy is proposed in this article, which integrates node performance and task requirements, and proposes a task scheduling algorithm using greedy strategy. The experimental results prove that the dynamic partitioning algorithm for intermediate data proposed in this article effectively alleviates the problem that data skew leads to the decrease of system task processing efficiency and shortens the overall task completion time. The efficient job scheduling strategy proposed in this article can efficiently complete the job scheduling tasks under heterogeneous clusters, allocate jobs to nodes in a balanced manner, decrease the overall job completion time and increase the system resource utilization.
Nitrate leaching and its implication for Fe and As mobility in a Southeast Asian aquifer
Authors: Glodowska Martyna , Ma Yinxiao , Smith Garrett , Kappler Andreas , Jetten Mike , Welte Cornelia U 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe drinking water quality in Southeast Asia is at risk due to arsenic (As) groundwater contamination. Intensive use of fertilizers may lead to nitrate (NO3−) leaching into aquifers, yet very little is known about its effect on iron (Fe) and As mobility in water. We ran a set of microcosm experiments using aquifer sediment from Vietnam supplemented with 15NO3− and 13CH4. To assess the effect of nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) we also inoculated the sediment with two different N-DAMO enrichment cultures. We found that native microorganisms and both N-DAMO enrichments could efficiently consume all NO3− in 5 days. However, CH4 oxidation was observed only in the inoculated microcosms, suggesting that the native microbial community did not perform N-DAMO. In uninoculated microcosms, NO3− was preferentially used over Fe(III) as an electron acceptor and consequently inhibited Fe(III) reduction and As mobilization. The addition of N-DAMO enrichment cultures led to Fe(III) reduction and stimulated As and Mn release into the water. The archaeal community in all treatments was dominated by Ca. Methanoperedens while the bacterial community consisted of various denitrifiers. Our results suggest that input of N fertilizers to the aquifer decreases As mobility and that CH4 cannot serve as an electron donor for NO3− reduction.
‘Source-specific’ air pollution and risk of stroke in Denmark
Authors: Poulsen Aslak Harbo , Sørensen Mette , Hvidtfeldt Ulla Arthur , Brandt Jørgen , Frohn Lise Marie , Ketzel Matthias , Christensen Jesper H , Im Ulas , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Long-term air pollution is a risk factor for stroke. Which types and sources of air pollution contribute most to stroke in populations is unknown. We investigated whether risk of stroke differed by type and source of air pollution.

Methods
We selected all persons aged &gt;50 years and living in Denmark in the period 2005–17. We estimated running 5-year mean residential air-pollution concentrations of particulate matter &lt;2.5 µm (PM2.5), ultrafine particles (UFP), elemental carbon (EC) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Pollutants were modelled as total air pollution from all emission sources, as well as apportioned into contributions from non-traffic and traffic sources. Hazard ratios (HRs) and CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for area-level and personal demographic and socio-economic covariates. We identified all primary strokes from hospital and mortality registers.

Results
The cohort numbered 2 million people and 94 256 cases of stroke. Interquartile ranges (IQR) of air pollution were associated with risk of stroke with HRs of 1.077 (95% CI: 1.061–1.094, IQR: 1.85 µg/m3) for PM2.5, 1.039 (1.026–1.052, IQR: 4248 particles/cm3) for UFP, 1.009 (1.001–1.018, IQR: 0.28 µg/m3) for EC and 1.028 (1.017–1.040, IQR: 7.15 µg/m3) for NO2. Traffic sources contributed little to the total exposure. HRs associated with air pollution from traffic were close to the null, whereas non-traffic sources tended to be associated with HRs higher than those for total air pollution, e.g. for non-traffic PM2.5, the HR was 1.091 (1.074–1.108).

Conclusions
Air pollution, including UFP, was associated with risk of stroke. The risk appeared attributable mainly to air pollution from non-traffic sources.
On Numerical Dimensions of Calabi–Yau Varieties
Authors: Jiang Chen , Wang Long 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Let $X$ be a Calabi–Yau variety of Picard number two with infinite birational automorphism group. We show that the numerical dimension $\kappa ^{\mathbb{R}}_{\sigma }$ of the extremal rays of the closed movable cone of $X$ is $\dim X/2$. More generally, we investigate the relation between the two numerical dimensions $\kappa ^{\mathbb{R}}_{\sigma }$ and $\kappa ^{\mathbb{R}}_{\textrm{vol}}$ for Calabi–Yau varieties. We also compute $\kappa ^{\mathbb{R}}_{\sigma }$ for non-big divisors in the closed movable cone of a projective hyperkähler manifold.
Simultaneous and divergent evolution of resistance to cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and imipenem/relebactam following ceftazidime/avibactam treatment of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
Authors: Alonso-García Isaac , Vázquez-Ucha Juan Carlos , Lasarte-Monterrubio Cristina , González-Mayo Elena , Lada-Salvador Paula , Vela-Fernández Ramón , Aja-Macaya Pablo , Guijarro-Sánchez Paula , Rumbo-Feal Soraya , Muíño-Andrade María , Fernández-González Ana , Martínez-Guitián Marta , Beceiro Alejandro , Rodríguez-Iglesias Manuel , Oliver Antonio , Arca-Suárez Jorge , Galán-Sánchez Fátima , Bou Germán 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To describe and characterize the emergence of resistance to ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam and imipenem/relebactam in a patient receiving ceftazidime/avibactam treatment for an MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa CNS infection.

Methods
One baseline (PA1) and two post-exposure (PA2 and PA3) isolates obtained before and during treatment of a nosocomial P. aeruginosa meningoventriculitis were evaluated. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Mutational changes were investigated through WGS. The impact on β-lactam resistance of mutations in blaPDC and mexR was determined through cloning experiments and complementation assays.

Results
Isolate PA1 showed baseline resistance mutations in DacB (I354A) and OprD (N142fs) conferring resistance to conventional antipseudomonals but susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam. Post-exposure isolates showed two divergent ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant phenotypes associated with distinctive mutations affecting the intrinsic P PDC β-lactamase (S254Ins) (PA2: ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant) or MexAB-OprM negative regulator MexR in combination with modification of PBP3 (PA3: ceftazidime/avibactam and imipenem/relebactam-relebactam-resistant). Cloning experiments demonstrated the role of PDC modification in resistance to ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam. Complementation with a functional copy of the mexR gene in isolate PA3 restored imipenem/relebactam susceptibility.

Conclusions
We demonstrated how P. aeruginosa may simultaneously develop resistance and compromise the activity of new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations when exposed to ceftazidime/avibactam through selection of mutations leading to PDC modification and up-regulation of MexAB-OprM-mediated efflux.
An advanced detection method for unfavorable geological boulder based on electrical source in drill holes under shield machine
Authors: Li He , Li Xiu , Li Wenhan , Qi Zhipeng , Cao Huake 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years, due to the increasingly complex terrain, geological conditions, and working environments in engineering, the accuracy requirements in explorations have been continuously growing. In this study, with the goal of high-resolution prospecting for unfavorable geological boulder under a complex detection environment (such as subway shield machine tunnel). A tunnel model with an unfavorable geological boulder was constructed, and a time domain finite element method was adopted for 3D transient electromagnetic forward modeling. To realize high resolution in the positioning of small-scaled boulders, a detection method in complex environments was explored. A hole was drilled from the central point of the tunnel face toward the tunnel construction direction. Then, an electrical source was placed into the hole and array data was collected on the tunnel face. Electromagnetic sounding was achieved through the movement of the source, and the plane positions of the geological bodies were determined through the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics on the tunnel face. It was observed that the Ex and Ey (horizontal components of the electric field) had a higher resolution for a high resistance geological boulder. Therefore, the results indicated that in complex environments, collecting the horizontal components of the electric fields on the tunnel face excited by the electrical source within a drill hole could be a feasible method for fine explorations of a small-scale high resistance boulder.