bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the use of powered mobility devices and occupational participation for people with obesity
Authors: Kemmis Emma , Ashby Samantha , MacDonald‐Wicks Lesley 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing prevalence of obesity is a global issue with the World Health Organization estimating that more than 650 million adults are impacted by obesity. Those living with obesity are impacted by both physical and psychological issues. The physical consequences of living with obesity can lead to decreased mobility and reduced occupational participation. The aim of this research is to understand how the use of a powered mobility device influences occupational participation and quality of life from the perspective of people with obesity.MethodSemi‐structured qualitative interviews (n = 7) were undertaken with a phenomenological approach to gain an understanding of the lived experience of using a powered mobility device.ResultsThematic analysis occurred resulting in inter‐connected themes that describe the positive experiences associated with using a powered mobility device: (1) autonomous mobility; (2) enhanced occupational participation; and (3) improved self‐efficacy creates increased confidence in relation to participation. In addition, two themes emerged that were barriers to usage of powered mobility devices: (4) physical environmental barriers and (5) difficulty transporting the powered mobility device.ConclusionFor those with obesity, a powered mobility device provided autonomous mobility allowing them to engage in an increased range of activities. This was hampered by physical environmental barriers and difficulties transporting the powered mobility device. Further research is required to verify the results of this study with a wider population and to explore the benefits and barriers to use of a powered mobility device in the home and community.
Maternal gestational iron status and infant haematological and neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Georgieff Michael K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevention of iron deficiency (ID), the most common micronutrient deficiency in infants and children, begins prenatally by ensuring adequate fetal loading. Adequate intrauterine iron status is crucial for normal fetal brain development, postnatal brain performance and prevention of early postnatal iron deficiency, particularly in infants fed exclusively human milk. Adequate fetal loading may be achieved in some cases through adequate maternal iron levels prior to pregnancy and oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. However, because so many women are iron‐deficient leading up to pregnancy, coupled with the negative iron balance induced by pregnancy, a large number of women remain iron‐deficient during pregnancy. More consistent iron‐specific early screening and more effective iron delivery approaches are needed to solve this global problem.
The rise and rise of fentanyl in postmortem casework
Authors: Cooper Gail 
Published: August 2023

AbstractForensic toxicology laboratories are navigating a period of time with increasing drug overdose deaths, an opioid epidemic, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the illicit drug market flooded with novel psychoactive substances. In New York City, the Department of Forensic Toxicology has experienced a 56% increase in postmortem casework in the past decade with fentanyl detected in 80% of all overdose deaths. Over a period of 2.5 years, 15,638 postmortem cases were tested for the presence of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs using liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS). Fentanyl was detected in approximately one third of cases and of these 4447 cases with femoral blood. A twofold increase in cases with high concentrations of fentanyl (>100 ng/mL) was observed between 2021 and 2022. The minor metabolite and precursor chemical, 4‐ANPP (4‐anilino‐N‐phenethylpiperidine) may help differentiate between illicit and licit fentanyl. 4‐ANPP blood concentrations were <10 ng/mL in 98% of the cases and the 4‐ANPP:fentanyl ratio was <0.67 for 99.1% of blood specimens. Only six cases had 4‐ANPP concentrations higher than the corresponding fentanyl blood concentration. This study also highlights, the changing fentanyl analogs found in postmortem cases since 2016 in NYC with the emergence of fluorofentanyl initially identified in 2020 and continuing to dominate in comparison with the prevalence of other analogs, many of which are no longer detected in casework. The detection of one of the latest drugs to be mixed with fentanyl, namely xylazine, has also increased in prevalence by 36.7% in 2022 compared with 2021.
Discrimination and characterization of different coconut water (CW) by their phenolic composition and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using LC‐MS/MS, HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS, and HS‐GC‐IMS
Authors: Zhang Wende , Chen Yang , Yun Yonghuan , Li Congfa , Fang Yajing , Zhang Weimin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThree varieties of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water (CW) at two maturity stages were investigated for physicochemical and nutritional properties. The profile of phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was determined by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), and headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS). Most of the properties of CW changed significantly with maturity rather than variety. The five most relevant phenolic compounds in CW were chlorogenic acid, 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxycinnamic acid, L‐epicatechin, and procyanidins B2 and B1. Variety played a more important role in phenolic composition than maturity, and Wenye No. 4 can be distinguished from other two varieties. Alcohols and esters were the main VOCs in CW identified by HS‐GC‐IMS and HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS, respectively. Five and four compounds (VIP scores > 1) were characteristic compounds for CW by HS‐GC‐IMS and HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS, respectively. The VOCs of Wenye Nos. 2 and 3 were more similar than those of Wenye No. 4. These findings could provide useful information for the selection of raw materials of CW used for different industrial purposes.
Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor on the progression of coronary artery disease evaluated by computed tomography in patients receiving insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Choi Young , Ko Seung‐Hyun , Chang Kiyuk , Yoo Ki Dong , Ihm Sang‐Hyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the effect of a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i) on the progression of obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving insulin therapy.MethodsUsing a multicenter clinical data warehouse, we analyzed the patients receiving insulin therapy for T2DM who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for ≥2 times. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of DPP‐4i prescription between the two CCTA examinations. The prevalence of OCAD (>50% stenosis on CCTA), new revascularization rates, and changes in the coronary calcium score (CCS) were analyzed.ResultsA total of 623 patients were included, and a DPP‐4i was prescribed to 380 (60.9%) patients. The median time difference between the two CCTAs was 39.0 (17.0–61.4) months. Newly developed OCAD at the follow‐up CCTA was detected in 62 (16.3%) patients in the DPP‐4i group and 76 (31.3%) patients in the no DPP‐4i group (p < 0.001). The risk of new OCAD or new revascularization was lower in the DPP‐4i group (19.7% vs. 38.7%; p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, the prevalence of new OCAD (15.9% vs. 29.5%; p = 0.001) and the composite rate of new OCAD or new revascularization (18.7% vs. 37.3%; p < 0.001) were lower in the DPP‐4i group. The change in CCS per year did not differ significantly between the two groups (9.1 [0.1–56.8] vs. 13.5 [0.0–78.6]; p = 0.715).ConclusionsAdd‐on DPP‐4i therapy would be beneficial in preventing coronary artery disease progression in patients with T2DM receiving insulin therapy.
Pay‐for‐delay with settlement externalities
Authors: Palikot Emil , Pietola Matias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPay‐for‐delay patent settlements, in which the incumbent patentee pays a potential entrant to withdraw a patent challenge and stay out of the market, cost patients and taxpayers billions of dollars in higher pharmaceutical prices. We show that in markets with one incumbent and several entrants, the possibility of conditioning such settlements on litigation outcomes against other entrants results in the exclusion of all entrants from the market. When conditional contracts are infeasible, the incumbent licenses the patent or fights entry in court: the resulting competition benefiting consumers. Prohibiting all pay‐for‐delay settlements increases litigation and may harm consumers by reducing licensing.
Institutional isomorphism in corporate Twitter discourse on citizenship and immigration in India and the United States
Authors: Shora Shehla Rashid , Arya Arshia , Pal Joyojeet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh net‐worth individuals (HNIs) play important roles in influencing policy through their voices. Technology‐mediated means of addressing issues, such as social media activism, have become a central part of such policy advocacy. We examined the Twitter engagement of the 50 wealthiest individuals and their ‘networks’ in India and the United States, specifically their engagement with citizens' movements and policy issues related to citizenship and immigration, with a focus on debates triggered by the enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and rescission of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), respectively. We quantified the level of engagement of ‘HNI networks’ with these debates through a textual analysis of their tweets using computational methods combined with manual annotation, followed by qualitative analysis and comparison of subjective meanings attached by actors to key terms. We found that American HNIs leveraged their social media presence to advocate for inclusive immigration and naturalisation policies, their model of advocacy characterised by confrontation, collective action and ownership by key actors, thus exhibiting mimetic isomorphism. Indian HNIs' tweets on CAA were few and far between, with no call for change and no evidence of either collective action or individual ownership, and a hesitation to challenge the central government, thus exhibiting coercive isomorphism.
CEO power and the strategic selection of accounting financial experts to the audit committee
Authors: Bedford Anna , Ghannam Samir , Grosse Matthew , Ma Nelson 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe examine the role of CEO power in the appointment of accounting financial experts (AFEs) to firm audit committees. Our results show that firms with powerful CEOs have a lower likelihood of appointing AFEs to their audit committees. In addition, effective AFEs—those characterized by experience, high status, and social independence from the CEO—are less likely to be appointed in firms with powerful CEOs. In the presence of powerful CEOs, effective AFEs are also less likely to be designated audit committee chair. The absence of effective AFEs is associated with the use of accounting discretion by powerful CEOs to meet or just beat analyst earnings forecasts. We find no evidence that AFEs choose to avoid serving on the boards of firms with powerful CEOs. Our findings are consistent with powerful CEOs influencing board appointments post‐Sarbanes‐Oxley Act through informal channels, including through their social ties with nominating committees. Our results suggest that current regulations prohibiting CEO involvement in the director nomination process and specifying who qualifies as a financial expert may be insufficient to ensure audit committee effectiveness and financial reporting quality.
Cost uniqueness and information uncertainty
Authors: Anderson Mark , Mashruwala Raj , Wang Ye , Zhao Rong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrior literature has studied firm uniqueness and its implications for capital market participants by investigating earnings uniqueness. We recognize that cost and revenue uniqueness provide separate insights about firm uniqueness because different forces drive firm‐specific revenues and costs. Cost uniqueness is of special interest because costs are opaque to investors and more complex than revenues. Therefore, we examine how cost uniqueness affects information uncertainty from the perspective of external participants. We find that idiosyncratic stock return volatility increases with cost uniqueness independently and incrementally from revenue uniqueness. We validate these results with several cross‐sectional tests that provide insights into the forces that drive the association between information uncertainty and cost uniqueness. In addition, we find that higher cost uniqueness is associated with finer cost disclosure. Overall, we show that cost uniqueness is an important dimension of cost behavior that is linked to strategic decision‐making and affects uncertainty surrounding firm valuation.
Caring labor and the affective economy in the making of the Caribbean
Authors: Samson Alice V. M. , Cooper Jago , Martínez Milantchi María de las Mercedes , Puigdoller Victor Serrano , Nieves Miguel A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article is a reflection on early colonial industries as caring labor rather than just commodity production or resistance. We draw on Indigenous philosophies of relations and Amazonian ontologies to foreground care and frame the Caribbean material record. We investigate how traditional things such as hammocks and cassava bread produced by a sixteenth‐century encomienda population on Mona Island, part of the Puerto Rican archipelago, quickly became part and parcel of free and unfree contexts, extending sensory environments and shaping conditions of interaction throughout the Caribbean. Consideration of traditional things and ways they are incorporated within new assemblages of people and places reveals alternative world‐making projects, a speculative rejoinder to singular narratives of exploitation.
Evangelical transformation: Learning the three‐dimensional perception of reality
Authors: Liutkevičius Eugenijus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, I analyze the particular perception of the world Baptists start to learn during their conversion which I call the three‐dimensional perception of reality. This concept refers to the ability to incorporate narratives from the Bible into everyday life events and interpret both personal stories and world events accordingly, thereby making the Bible ever relevant. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, I show how events from the believers' daily lives are perceived and explained in the light of biblical stories. Regardless of the fact that the two are separated in time and in space, the biblical story is still seen as a proto‐event to the current one. No matter how diverse the believers' experiences, they are capable of finding an equivalent episode in the Bible. The scripture, therefore, is ever present in the believers' lives, as a source of meaning and interpretation.
Accuracy of pre‐operative 18‐fluoride fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in predicting lymph node involvement in colon cancer
Authors: Gauci Chahaya Marc , Kim Tae Jun , Gao Yijun , Perera Dayashan S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate staging of colon cancer is imperative in directing treatment and prognostication. Existing literature on pre‐operative accuracy of FDG‐PET/CT in detecting lymph node disease often combines colon and rectal cancer, examines rectal cancers alone, and rarely assesses colon cancer in isolation. Our aim was to assess pre‐operative utility of FDG‐PET/CT in detecting lymph node disease in colon cancer.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was performed at a single Australian institution between 2017 and 2022 to identify treatment naive primary colonic tumours. Primary outcome was sensitivity and specificity using formal surgical histopathology as gold standard. Secondary outcomes were patient and tumour factors predictive of FDG‐PET/CT positive disease including pre‐operative CEA, mismatch repair status, duration to surgery, and tumour T‐stage.ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐nine patients were identified. Thirty‐four had pre‐operative FDG‐PET/CT without neoadjuvant therapy. The mean surgical lymph node harvest was 18 nodes. Twenty‐five patients had moderately differentiated tumours. The median duration between FDG‐PET/CT and operation was 17 days. Pre‐operative FDG‐PET/CT suggested positive lymph node involvement in 12 patients. Compared to final lymph node histopathology, FDG‐PET/CT had a sensitivity of 53%, specificity of 82%, positive predictive value of 75%, negative predictive value of 64% and accuracy of 68%. There was no significant difference between groups for secondary outcomes.ConclusionFDG‐PET/CT has moderate specificity but poor sensitivity in the detection of lymph node involvement in colon cancer. Its utility should likely remain isolated to investigating equivocal lesions or follow up of known PET avid disease.
Short‐term forecasting with a computationally efficient nonparametric transfer function model
Authors: Liu Jun. M. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn this paper a semi‐parametric approach is developed to model non‐linear relationships in time series data using polynomial splines. Polynomial splines require very little assumption about the functional form of the underlying relationship, so they are very flexible and can be used to model highly non‐linear relationships. Polynomial splines are also computationally very efficient. The serial correlation in the data is accounted for by modelling the noise as an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) process, by doing so, the efficiency in nonparametric estimation is improved and correct inferences can be obtained. The explicit structure of the ARIMA model allows the correlation information to be used to improve forecasting performance. An algorithm is developed to automatically select and estimate the polynomial spline model and the ARIMA model through backfitting. This method is applied on a real‐life data set to forecast hourly electricity usage. The non‐linear effect of temperature on hourly electricity usage is allowed to be different at different hours of the day and days of the week. The forecasting performance of the developed method is evaluated in post‐sample forecasting and compared with several well‐accepted models. The results show the performance of the proposed model is comparable with a long short‐term memory deep learning model.
Nutritional quality and organic acid profile of rice bran fermented with lactic acid bacteria isolated from horse feces
Authors: Manlapig Jamal James D. , Ban‐Tokuda Tomomi , Matsui Hiroki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the effect of Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi and Ligilactobacillus equi as inoculants for solid‐state fermentation (SSF) in the proximate composition of nutrients and organic acid profile of rice bran (RB). The RB was treated with distilled water (DW) without inoculant (control), L. equigenerosi (T1), L. equi (T2), and L. equigenerosi and L. equi 1:1 (v:v) (T3). For the treatments, 90 mL of culture was pelleted and suspended with DW. Each treatment was replicated three times and incubated for 4, 7, and 10 days at 37°C. The crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were increased (P < 0.05) in fermented RB. The lactate and total organic acid produced were increased by the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (P < 0.01), and the highest concentrations were recorded in treatments containing L. equi (T2 and T3). Acetate production in T1 was highest than in control, T2, and T3 (P < 0.01). The results showed that LAB isolated from horse feces in combination with SSF can improve the quality of RB as an ingredient for animal feed based on the higher concentrations of protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and organic acids.
Drivers of the socio‐economic disadvantage gap in England: Sequential pathways that include the home learning environment and self‐regulation as mediators
Authors: Joseph Allen , Sylva Kathy , Sammons Pam , Siraj Iram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocio‐economic status (SES) is a powerful predictor of attainment. Research has identified multiple mechanisms that underpin the effect of SES on attainment. For example, self‐regulation (processes through which individuals direct and control their attention, emotion and behaviour) has been identified as one mechanism mediating the SES attainment gap. However, previous studies have not directly tested the statistical pathways by which children from lower SES backgrounds develop low self‐regulation skills and subsequently poor attainment at the end of primary school. Adding the home learning environment, which is associated with both SES and self‐regulation, further fleshes out the longitudinal pathways.AimsWe propose and test a new model where the relationship between SES and school attainment is sequentially mediated by the family home learning environment and the child's self‐regulation.SampleThis study uses the Effective Pre‐school, Primary and Secondary Education data set to study 2311 English children.MethodsWe measured SES (via socio‐economic disadvantage) based on an index of low parental education, occupation and income at age 3+. The home learning environment was measured by the Home Learning Environment Index at age 3+; self‐regulation was a teacher report on the Child Social Behaviour Questionnaire at age 4+ and attainment was measured via scores on national assessments of English and Maths at age 11.ResultsOur measure of disadvantage predicted attainment. The home learning environment predicted children's self‐regulation skills. The relationship between disadvantage and attainment was sequentially mediated by the home learning environment and self‐regulation.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that home learning environment and self‐regulation may play a sequential role in perpetuating socio‐economic disparities in education.
Therapeutic alliance in the treatment of adolescent substance misuse: a systematic review
Authors: Sulaman Iniyah , Hartley Samantha , Elvins Rachel 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundTherapeutic alliance has been found to play an influential role in predicting outcomes for adults and adolescents in psychotherapy. However, thus far, the information concerning the impact of therapeutic alliance on outcomes for adolescents in treatment for substance misuse has not yet been critically synthesised.MethodsIn accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the current review aimed to systematically collate published research investigating the association between alliance and outcomes for adolescents undergoing substance misuse treatment. Database searching produced 1083 records, with 16 studies meeting eligibility criteria.ResultsTwelve out of the 16 studies (75%) reported significant alliance–outcome relationships, whereby higher alliance ratings predicted better treatment outcomes, as well as improved engagement and retention in treatment. In addition, the review explored the conditions whereby alliances better predict outcomes, with reference to the alliance rater, the timing of the alliance rating and comorbid diagnoses. These results, however, largely remain inconclusive.ConclusionsThe evidence as it stands demonstrates the importance of the therapeutic alliance in predicting outcomes for adolescents in substance misuse treatments. The implications of the review's findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.