bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field evidence of flocculated sediments on a coastal algal reef
Authors: Huang Zhi-Cheng , Hsu Tian-Jian , Ly Trung Nguyen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFlocculation of sediments is crucial for morphodynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and ecological processes in aquatic environments. Here we present field evidence that bio-cohesion primarily drives the flocculation of suspended sediments on a coastal algal reef. Results from concurrent measurements of sediment mass and volume concentrations, along with Reynolds stress, reveal unexpected trends, and the data deviate from the classic Rouse formula when non-cohesive sediment is assumed. Direct estimates of particle effective density show a dependence on mean particle diameter, with a fractal dimension of 2.18. The reduced effective density (or settling velocity) and low fractal dimension are typical of flocs containing lower-density saltwater and organic materials. Additionally, organic content negatively correlates with effective density and positively correlates with the mean particle diameter, confirming that bio-cohesion drives the observed flocculation. These results provide quantitative evidence that organic matter promotes macrofloc formation and floc size growth in a reef environment.
Breaking biases and building momentum for transforming agricultural research for development practices: recommendations and research opportunities
Authors: McGuire Erin , Ewell Hanna , Bailey Arwen , Leñero Eva Marina Valencia , Luu Thi Thu Giang , Sylvester Janelle Marie , Al-Zu’bi Maha , Liani Millicent L. , Kabirigi Michel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOngoing food system inequalities and pressures on planetary boundaries requires a paradigm shift among agricultural research for development (AR4D) actors to produce effective innovation for sustainable environmental and social outcomes. Building on insights from Agricultural Innovation System literature and recognizing the influence of personal and systemic biases within AR4D, the following recommendations address upstream challenges, interdisciplinary collaboration, emphasize outcome-driven scaling, adaptive project implementation, and integrate critical considerations for social differentiation.
The integrated stress response drives MET oncogene overexpression in cancers
Authors: Cerqua Marina , Foiani Marco , Boccaccio Carla , Comoglio Paolo M , Altintas Dogus M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cancer cells rely on invasive growth to survive in a hostile microenvironment; this growth is characterised by interconnected processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration. A master regulator of these events is the MET oncogene, which is overexpressed in the majority of cancers; however, since mutations in the MET oncogene are seen only rarely in cancers and are relatively infrequent, the mechanisms that cause this widespread MET overexpression remain obscure. Here, we show that the 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) of MET mRNA harbours two functional stress-responsive elements, conferring translational regulation by the integrated stress response (ISR), regulated by phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) at serine 52. ISR activation by serum starvation, leucine deprivation, hypoxia, irradiation, thapsigargin or gemcitabine is followed by MET protein overexpression. We mechanistically link MET translation to the ISR by (i) mutation of the two uORFs within the MET 5’UTR, (ii) CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of eIF2α (S52A), or (iii) the application of ISR pathway inhibitors. All of these interventions reduce stress-induced MET overexpression. Finally, we show that blocking stress-induced MET translation blunts MET-dependent invasive growth. These findings indicate that upregulation of the MET oncogene is a functional requirement linking integrated stress response to cancer progression.
Transition-metal-free C(sp3)–C(sp2) couplings with secondary alcohols and boronic acids via neighboring group activation
Authors: Yang Xingxing , Pan Yourong , Ren Cheng , Hu Chengrui , Wan Feng , Duan Hongliang , Li Chengxi 
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a mild, transition-metal-free method for the C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-coupling of alkenyl boronic acids with secondary alcohols through neighboring group activation, enabling the efficient synthesis of valuable ortho-allylphenols.
“Trying to Grab Pieces of Hope”: Exploring the Experiences of Black and Hispanic Parents following a Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Rent Sharla , Poon Kwai Tei Candy Chan , Sooy-Mossey Meredith , Weeks Mary Frances , Roberts James C. , Douglas Dakota , Ellestad Sarah , Lemmon Monica E. , Hill Kevin , Windom McAllister 
Published: January 2025

Objective Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an important contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD exist across racial and ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to share the experiences of Hispanic and Black families with CHD to better understand their needs.
Study Design This was a descriptive qualitative study involving two 2-part focus groups, one conducted in English and one in Spanish, consisting of parents of infants with CHD. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via a conventional content analysis approach.
Results Six family members participated, representing a range of cardiac diagnoses. Two participants cited their identity as non-Hispanic Black and four as Hispanic. Three organizing themes emerged related to (1) communication, (2) psychosocial needs and processing, and (3) practical challenges associated with having a child with CHD. Together, these organizing themes supported a singular global theme: structural and socioemotional gaps in care exist for families of infants with CHD that need to be met in order to optimize care for patients and families.
Conclusion Societal and systems-level factors, including structural inequities, contribute to the care gaps experienced by racial and ethnic minority families of children with CHD.
Key Points
Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using metallic solution-based goji berry extract for their antibacterial properties
Authors: Jamali Abdul Rauf , Khan Waseem , Khan Salahuddin , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Alam Kamran 
Published: January 2025

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using green nanotechnology has gained enormous attention due to their extensive range of antibacterial applications such as in the food packaging industry. In this study, Ag-NPs were successfully synthesized using Goji Berry (a fruit of wolfberry) extract. The basic aim of this study is to analyze the antibacterial response of Ag-NPs in gelatin scaffolds. Positively, the reducing agents that are already present in the Goji Berry extract behave as capping and stabilizing agents, so there is no need to add additional constituents from outside. This was then followed by the characterization of samples. The crystallinity of Ag-NPs was determined by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) that revealed the FCC structure of the sample. The formation of silver particles was confirmed by Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The surface morphology of Ag-NPs was found to be almost spherical, which was determined by a transmission electron microscope and showed spherical particles having an average diameter of 22 nm. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of hydrocarbon groups bonded with Ag-NPs. The antibacterial properties of samples were analyzed by the gram-positive disk diffusion method. It was enhanced when Ag-NPs concentration in gelatin scaffolds increased, thereby producing an 18 mm zone of inhibition.
Reporting the others’ speech, uncovering China’s world dream
Authors: Mei Zhaoyang Sharon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It has been over ten years since the Chinese Dream was proposed by President Xi Jinping in 2012. This study investigates the representations of the Chinese Dream
in The New York Times (hereafter NYT) from the perspective of speech reporting. The analysis shows that four
types of sources are favored: the political elites from the Chinese government, ordinary Chinese citizens, western scholars, and
Chinese news agencies. Government officials’ speech is quoted to expose the global ambition of the
Chinese-Dream-associated policies or practices, while stories from the ordinary Chinese provide contradictory
evidence. Scholars’ speech is to warn audiences of the Chinese government’s global aspirations masked by the Chinese
Dream. The reports and practices of Chinese news agencies are labeled propaganda to strangle potential discursive
competition. In effect, all converge to strengthen and validate China’s world dream representation.
“A massive field of action”
Authors: Gunnarsson Payne Jenny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since the publication of Laclau’s and Mouffe’s Hegemony and Socialist Strategy, issues related to
gender and discourse have been a recurring yet not central theme in discourse theory (DT). Not only are the authors’ formulation
of an anti-essentialist theory of hegemony explicitly influenced by feminist theoretical debates, but also much subsequent work
has engaged with feminist theory. In Mouffe’s more recent work on left populism, however, references to feminist theory and
politics are almost entirely absent — while at the same time issues of gender, reproduction and sexuality have become increasingly
central to politics both in many national contexts and geopolitically. Against this background, this article argues that it is
today urgent for DT to re-engage with feminist theory — not least in relation to issues of anti-essentialism — and to revive the
exchange between the two theoretical fields, focusing especially on issues related to the specificities of bodily materiality.
Discourse Theory and Strategic Communication
Authors: Jacobs Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This contribution explores the nexus between Discourse Theory and Strategic Communication. Traditional positivist
and rationalist approaches to business, economics, politics, and management often marginalize strategic communication as merely
instrumental; whereas discursive approaches, and Discourse Theory in particular, recognize its constitutive role in shaping social
realities. This contribution therefore argues for the development of a discourse-theoretical approach to Strategic Communication,
highlighting its potential to offer new insights and understandings. It first examines existing uses of the notion of discourse in
Strategic Communication, before discussing Discourse Theory’s potential added value to its study. Next, it emphasizes the
importance of Discourse Theory scholars engaging with Strategic Communication topics. Finally, two examples contrasting
non-discursive and discourse-theoretical approaches are presented, focusing respectively on populism and authenticity in corporate
marketing campaigns. Overall, this paper advocates for a deeper integration of Discourse Theory within the study of Strategic
Communication.
Community organising and radical democracy
Authors: Schneider Julius , Warren Rebecca , Glynos Jason 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Community organising is a way of doing democratic politics distinct from electoral and radical protest politics
yet has been largely overlooked in discourse studies and activist scholarship, particularly when compared to the attention paid to
‘flashier’ grassroots movements. We aim to contribute to rectifying this shortcoming by exploring the conceptual connections
between community organising and the political discourse theory of radical democracy. Our theoretical argument is supplemented
with an illustrative vignette-based exploration, drawing on the experiences of community alliances and their members within
Citizens UK, the UK’s community organising umbrella organization. We show that while radical democratic theory can help ground
community organising practice and its dilemmas in a conceptually illuminating way, community organising practice, in turn, can
help put some valuable ‘flesh’ onto what many consider to be the rather abstract pronouncements associated with radical democracy
and its failure to elaborate what an agonistic politics looks like in practice.
Dimensional stability sensitivity analysis based on transfer function models for telescope in space gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Wang Zihan , Liu Yanfu , Han Xida , Cheng Yuntao , Li Ming , Zhao Hongchao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The telescope serves as a vital component of the space gravitational wave detector. In TianQin project, the exceptional dimensional stability of the telescope must be better than 1 pm Hz−1/2 @0.1 mHz–1 Hz. To assess the in-orbit dimensional stability of the telescope, a transfer function model was developed to evaluate the stability of the primary and secondary mirror spacing structure, considering the three primary thermal sources. It has been discovered that the stability of the spacer structure is influenced not only by the thermal expansion coefficient of the material but also by its heat capacity, density, and frequency band. Zerodur offers distinct advantages in terms of overall thermal performance. Specifically, the stability of the spacer constructed by it can be effectively controlled at 0.14 pm Hz−1/2@0.1 mHz–1 Hz, which is an achievement in the field of ultra-stability structure design.
Efficient vehicular counting via privacy-aware aggregation network
Authors: Cheng Jing-an , Li Qilei , Chen Jinyong , Gao Mingliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vehicle counting is crucial for effective road planning and traffic management. Despite significant advancements that have been achieved with the development of deep learning technology, current counting models rely on large-scale parameters and substantial computational resources, which limits their practical application. Additionally, these methods are typically trained on large centralized datasets, which may result in inefficiencies for resource-constrained devices. Furthermore, inadequate privacy protection poses potential risks of personal information leakage. To address these issues, we introduce a lightweight counting network, privacy-aware aggregation network (PANet) for real-world application in this paper. In PANet, a pyramid feature enhancement module is built to aggregate multi-scale information and enhance key representation, while also optimizing the channel-wise output of the model to reduce computational complexity. Furthermore, a federated learning framework is implemented to distribute the computational load and safeguard user privacy. Experimental results on a wide range of counting benchmarks demonstrate the superior efficiency and accuracy of PANet. The code is available at https://github.com/sdut-jacheng/PANet.
Real-time lung extraction from synthesized x-rays improves pulmonary image-guided radiotherapy
Authors: Fu Xinyi , Hasse Katelyn , Xu Di , Xu Qifan , Descovich Martina , Ruan Dan , Sheng Ke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Lung tumors can be obscured in x-rays, preventing accurate and robust localization. To improve lung conspicuity for image-guided procedures, we isolate the lungs in the anterior-posterior (AP) x-rays using a lung extraction network (LeX-net) that virtually removes overlapping thoracic structures, including ribs, diaphragm, liver, heart, and trachea. Approach. 73 965 thoracic 3DCTs and 106 thoracic 4DCTs were included. The 3D lung volume was extracted using an open-source lung volume segmentation model. AP digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) of the full anatomy CT and extracted lungs were computed as the input and reference to train a network (LeX-net) to generate lung-extracted DRRs (LeX-net DRRs) from full anatomy DRRs, which adopted a Swin-UNet model with conditional GAN. Subsequently, the trained LeX-net on 3DCT was applied to 4DCT-derived DRRs. Lung tumor tracking was then performed on DRRs using a template-matching method on a holdoff 4DCT test set of 79 patients whose gross tumor volumes were smaller than 20 cm3. Main results. LeX-net successfully isolated the lungs in DRRs, achieving an SSIM of 0.9581 ± 0.0151 and a PSNR of 30.78 ± 2.50 on the testing set of 3DCT-derived DRRs. Its performance declined slightly when applied to the 4DCT but maintained useable lung-only 2D views. On the challenging test set including cases of organ overlap, high tumor mobility, and small tumor size, the individual tumor tracking error for LeX-net DRRs was 0.97 ± 0.86 mm, significantly lower than that of 3.13 ± 5.82 mm using the full anatomy DRRs. LeX-net improved success rates of using 5 mm, 3 mm, and 1 mm tracking windows from 88.1%, 80.0%, and 58.7% to 98.1%, 94.2%, and 73.8%, respectively. Significance. LeX-net removes overlapping anatomies and enhances visualization of the lungs in x-rays. The model trained using 3DCTs is generalizable to 4DCT-derived DRRs, achieving significantly improved tumor tracking outcome.
Precise determination of lightning plasma parameters based on a collisional-radiative model
Authors: An Yingying , Shen Xiaozhi , Yuan Ping , An Tingting , Su Mengle , Wei Feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A fine spectrum of natural lightning has been simulated by collisional-radiative model (CRM), and the line-intensities of N II dependent on electron temperature (Te
) and electron density (ne
) were obtained. It was found that the intensity proportion of 2p3d 3F

4
∘

→

2p3p 3D3 and 2p3p 3D3

→

2p3s 3P

2
∘

transitions in the multiple spectral lines to which they belong tend to stabilize in the Te
-ne
variation space, which is an inherent physical property that can be applied in determining the experimental intensity of characteristic lines from the total intensity of overlapped lines. By accurately matching the theoretical intensity-ratio with the experimental one, two intersections of contours of line-intensity ratios in the two-dimensional plane of Te
-ne
are derived, and then the Te
and ne
in the lightning channel were diagnosed simultaneously. The precise spectral analysis method and plasma diagnostic technique are the basis for researching other physical characteristics of lightning discharges, this work also has application value in artificially triggered lightning, laser-guided lightning, arc discharge, etc.
Plume measurements of a 1 J ablative pulsed plasma thruster fed with non-volatile liquid propellant
Authors: Jakubczak Maciej , Jardin Agnieszka , Kurzyna Jacek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The exhaust plume of a 1 J ablative pulsed plasma thruster (APPT) fed with non-volatile liquid propellant (perfluoropolyether—PFPE) was studied experimentally with electric probes. A Faraday cup and retarding potential analyzer were used with a time-of-flight approach to determine the shape and ion content of the plume, including the energy and velocity distributions of individual ion species. It was found that the plume was composed mainly of fluorine ions, with charge-states up to 6+. Other constituents of PFPE (carbon and oxygen) were detected in very low quantities. The results for liquid PFPE were similar to those obtained earlier for solid polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), with the exception of a larger contribution of highly ionized fluorine species. The plume measurements allowed calculation of efficiency factors and comparison with thruster efficiency. The obtained distributions of ions as well as the large relative abundance of high charge-state ions were indicative of a lack of thermal equilibrium in the plasma of APPT.
Using space-filling curves and fractals to reveal spatial and temporal patterns in neuroimaging data
Authors: Grela Jacek , Drogosz Zbigniew , Janarek Jakub , Ochab Jeremi K , Cifre Ignacio , Gudowska-Nowak Ewa , Nowak Maciej A , Oświęcimka Paweł , Chialvo Dante R ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI) and other neuroimaging techniques are routinely used in medical diagnosis, cognitive neuroscience or recently in brain decoding. They produce three- or four-dimensional scans reflecting the geometry of brain tissue or activity, which is highly correlated temporally and spatially. While there exist numerous theoretically guided methods for analyzing correlations in one-dimensional data, they often cannot be readily generalized to the multidimensional geometrically embedded setting. Approach. We present a novel method, Fractal Space-Curve Analysis (FSCA), which combines Space-Filling Curve (SFC) mapping for dimensionality reduction with fractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. We conduct extensive feasibility studies on diverse, artificially generated data with known fractal characteristics: the fractional Brownian motion, Cantor sets, and Gaussian processes. We compare the suitability of dimensionality reduction via Hilbert SFC and a data-driven alternative. FSCA is then successfully applied to real-world MRI and fMRI scans. Main results. The method utilizing Hilbert curves is optimized for computational efficiency, proven robust against boundary effects typical in experimental data analysis, and resistant to data sub-sampling. It is able to correctly quantify and discern correlations in both stationary and dynamic two-dimensional images. In MRI Alzheimer’s dataset, patients reveal a progression of the disease associated with a systematic decrease of the Hurst exponent. In fMRI recording of breath-holding task, the change in the exponent allows distinguishing different experimental phases. Significance. This study introduces a robust method for fractal characterization of spatial and temporal correlations in many types of multidimensional neuroimaging data. Very few assumptions allow it to be generalized to more dimensions than typical for neuroimaging and utilized in other scientific fields. The method can be particularly useful in analyzing fMRI experiments to compute markers of pathological conditions resulting from neurodegeneration. We also showcase its potential for providing insights into brain dynamics in task-related experiments.
Integrating novel stellarator single-stage optimization algorithms to design the Columbia stellarator experiment
Authors: Baillod A. , Paul E.J. , Rawlinson G. , Haque M. , Freiberger S.W. , Thapa S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Columbia Stellarator eXperiment (CSX), currently being designed at Columbia University, aims to test theoretical predictions related to QA plasma behavior, and to pioneer the construction of an optimized stellarator using three-dimensional, non-insulated high-temperature superconducting (NI-HTS) coils. The magnetic configuration is generated by a combination of two circular planar poloidal field (PF) coils and two 3D-shaped interlinked (IL) coils, with the possibility to add windowpane coils to enhance shaping and experimental flexibility. The PF coils and vacuum vessel are repurposed from the former Columbia Non-Neutral Torus experiment, while the IL coils will be custom-wound in-house using NI-HTS tapes. To obtain a plasma shape that meets the physics objectives with a limited number of coils, novel single-stage optimization techniques are employed, optimizing both the plasma and coils concurrently, in particular targeting a tight aspect ratio QA plasma and minimized strain on the HTS tape. Despite the increased complexity due to the expanded degrees of freedom, these methods successfully identify optimized plasma geometries that can be realized by coils meeting engineering specifications. This paper discusses the derivation of the constraints and objectives specific to CSX, and describe how two recently developed single-stage optimization methodologies are applied to the design of CSX. A set of selected configurations for CSX is then described in detail.