bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypotensive Levels on Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Visibility: A Randomized Non‐Inferiority Trial
Authors: Zhang Kangda , Wang Lichun , Qi Feng , Meng Tao 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveOptimization of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) conditions is a common focus of interest for otolaryngologists and anesthesiologists. Relying on hypotension alone to achieve a bloodless field may not without risks. We sought to determine whether ESS is feasible in the context of moderate hypotension.MethodsThis randomized non‐inferiority trial enrolled 96 adult patients who were to undergo ESS. The patients were divided into two groups: Controlled hypotension group (n = 48, MAP reduction to 55–65 mmHg, minimum of 60% of baseline blood pressure) or Individualized hypotension group (n = 48, MAP reduction to 75–80% of baseline blood pressure). All participants were placed in 10° reverse Trendelenburg position during ESS, and cottonoid patties dammed with epinephrine was recommended to clear the operative field of bleeding. The two groups were compared according to Boezaart grading scale (BS) score, estimated blood loss, blood loss rate, arterial lactate level and postoperative recovery.ResultsBoth levels of intraoperative hypotension (62.2 ± 2.3 mmHg vs. 74.0 ± 2.8 mmHg) provided acceptable surgical conditions with no difference in mean BS scores [2.00 (1.88–2.33) vs. 2.00 (1.85–2.45), p = 0.926]. The 95% CI for median value differences in mean BS scores is lower than the preset non‐inferiority margin. There were no differences in blood loss rate and estimated blood loss between two groups (p > 0.05) Postoperative arterial lactate and Ramsay sedation scores were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn ESS, both levels of intraoperative hypotension, combined with position adjustment and low‐concentration adrenaline to constrict nasal mucosal blood vessels, provided acceptable surgical conditions.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:569–576, 2024
Predicting Acoustic Hearing Preservation Following Cochlear Implant Surgery Using Machine Learning
Authors: Zeitler Daniel M , Buchlak Quinlan D , Ramasundara Savindi , Farrokhi Farrokh , Esmaili Nazanin 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to train and test supervised machine‐learning classifiers to predict acoustic hearing preservation after CI using preoperative clinical data.Study DesignRetrospective predictive modeling study of prospectively collected single‐institution CI dataset.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐five patients from a REDCap database including 761 patients >18 years who underwent CI and had audiometric testing preoperatively and one month after surgery were included. The primary outcome variable was the lowest quartile change in acoustic hearing at one month after CI using various formulae (standard pure tone average, SPTA; low‐frequency PTA, LFPTA). Analysis involved applying multivariate logistic regression to detect statistical associations and training and testing supervised learning classifiers. Classifier performance was assessed with numerous metrics including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC).ResultsLowest quartile change (indicating hearing preservation) in SPTA was positively associated with a history of meningitis, preoperative LFPTA, and preoperative SPTA. Lowest quartile change in SPTA was negatively associated with sudden hearing loss, noise exposure, aural fullness, and abnormal anatomy. Lowest quartile change in LFPTA was positively associated with preoperative LFPTA. Lowest quartile change in LFPTA was negatively associated with tobacco use. Random forest demonstrated the highest mean classification performance on the validation dataset when predicting each of the outcome variables.ConclusionsMachine learning demonstrated utility for predicting preservation of residual acoustic hearing in patients undergoing CI surgery, and the detected associations facilitated the interpretation of our machine‐learning models. The models and statistical associations together may be used to facilitate improvements in shared clinical decision‐making and patient outcomes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:926–936, 2024
m6A reader YTHDF3 triggers the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through the YTHDF3/m6A‐EGFR/STAT3 axis and EMT
Authors: Hu Bowen , Gao Jie , Shi Jihua , Wen Peihao , Guo Wenzhi , Zhang Shuijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of tumor‐related deaths worldwide. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) mediates RNA metabolism in tumor biology. However, the regulatory role of YTHDF3, an m6A reader, in HCC progression and its underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the oncogenic effect of YTHDF3 on HCC progression via the epigenetic regulation of m6A‐modified mRNAs. The expression levels of YTHDF3 in HCC tissues and matched adjacent liver tissues were detected using western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The function of YTHDF3 in HCC progression and its underlying mechanisms have been studied both in vitro and in vivo. YTHDF3 expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in paracancerous liver tissues. YTHDF3 was also significantly upregulated in HCC with microvascular invasion (MVI) compared to that in HCC without MVI. YTHDF3 overexpression facilitated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the YTHDF3 knockdown resulted in an inverse trend. Mechanistically, YTHDF3 enhanced the translation and stability of the m6A‐modified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA, which activated the downstream EGFR/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) oncogenic pathways. YTHDF3 enhanced the stability and translation of m6A‐modified EGFR mRNA and stimulated HCC progression via the YTHDF3/m6A‐EGFR/STAT3 and EMT pathways. These findings reveal that YTHDF3 plays a significant role in regulating HCC progression, suggesting a promising and novel target for HCC treatment.
LKB1 loss promotes colorectal cancer cell metastasis through regulating TNIK expression and actin cytoskeleton remodeling
Authors: Hu Guanghui , Huang Ning , Zhang Jing , Zhang Die , Wang Shuren , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Liming , Du Yingxi , Kuang Shuwen , Ma Kai , Zhu Hongxia , Xu Ningzhi , Liu Mei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Approximately 5%–6% of CRC cases are associated with hereditary CRC syndromes, including the Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS). Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), also known as STK11, is the major gene responsible for PJS. LKB1 heterozygotic deficiency is involved in intestinal polyps in mice, while the mechanism of LKB1 in CRC remains elusive. In this study, we generated LKB1 knockout (KO) CRC cell lines by using CRISPR‐Cas9. LKB1 KO promoted CRC cell motility in vitro and tumor metastases in vivo. LKB1 attenuated expression of TRAF2 and NCK‐interacting protein kinase (TNIK) as accessed by RNA‐seq and western blots, and similar suppression was also detected in the tumor tissues of azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate‐induced intestinal‐specific LKB1‐KO mice. LKB1 repressed TNIK expression through its kinase activity. Moreover, attenuating TNIK by shRNA inhibited cell migration and invasion of CRC cells. LKB1 loss‐induced high metastatic potential of CRC cells was depended on TNIK upregulation. Furthermore, TNIK interacted with ARHGAP29 and further affected actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Taken together, LKB1 deficiency promoted CRC cell metastasis via TNIK upregulation and subsequently mediated cytoskeleton remodeling. These results suggest that LKB1‐TNIK axis may play a crucial role in CRC progression.
Pretreatment information–aided automatic segmentation for online magnetic resonance imaging‐guided prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Bining , Liu Yuxiang , Zhu Ji , Lu Ningning , Dai Jianrong , Men Kuo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is necessary to contour regions of interest (ROIs) for online magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRIgART). These updated contours are used for online replanning to obtain maximum dosimetric benefits. Contouring can be accomplished using deformable image registration (DIR) and deep learning (DL)‐based autosegmentation methods. However, these methods may require considerable manual editing and thus prolong treatment time.PurposeThe present study aimed to improve autosegmentation performance by integrating patients’ pretreatment information in a DL‐based segmentation algorithm. It is expected to improve the efficiency of current MRIgART process.MethodsForty patients with prostate cancer were enrolled retrospectively. The online adaptive MR images, patient‐specific planning computed tomography (CT), and contours in CT were used for segmentation. The deformable registration of planning CT and MR images was performed first to obtain a deformable CT and corresponding contours. A novel DL network, which can integrate such patient‐specific information (deformable CT and corresponding contours) into the segmentation task of MR images was designed. We performed a four‐fold cross‐validation for the DL models. The proposed method was compared with DIR and DL methods on segmentation of prostate cancer. The ROIs included the clinical target volume (CTV), bladder, rectum, left femur head, and right femur head. Dosimetric parameters of automatically generated ROIs were evaluated using a clinical treatment planning system.ResultsThe proposed method enhanced the segmentation accuracy of conventional procedures. Its mean value of the dice similarity coefficient (93.5%) over the five ROIs was higher than both DIR (87.5%) and DL (87.2%). The number of patients (n = 40) that required major editing using DIR, DL, and our method were 12, 18, and 7 (CTV); 17, 4, and 1 (bladder); 8, 11, and 5 (rectum); 2, 4, and 1 (left femur head); and 3, 7, and 1 (right femur head), respectively. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient of dosimetry parameters between the proposed method and ground truth was 0.972 ± 0.040, higher than that of DIR (0.897 ± 0.098) and DL (0.871 ± 0.134).ConclusionThis study proposed a novel method that integrates patient‐specific pretreatment information into DL‐based segmentation algorithm. It outperformed baseline methods, thereby improving the efficiency and segmentation accuracy in adaptive radiotherapy.
Efficient numerical strategies for an implicit volume fraction transfer scheme for single crystal plasticity including twinning and secondary plasticity on the example of magnesium
Authors: Dittmann Jan , Wulfinghoff Stephan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work an efficient algorithm for a fully implicit single crystal plasticity routine including twinning and secondary plasticity is presented and implemented for the example of magnesium. The material model uses the volume fraction transfer scheme for the evolution of twinning, that is, plastic slip in newly formed twins (“secondary plasticity”) is resolved. This is considered particularly important, if the volume fractions of some twins reach the order of magnitude of the parent phase. However the resolution of secondary plasticity also implies a large number of unknowns, which is significantly reduced by a newly proposed algorithm. For magnesium a hardening model based on basal, prismatic, pyramidal a and pyramidal c+a slip modes as well as a tension and a compression twinning mode and yields a total of 18 slip systems and 12 twinning systems. As a special feature of the proposed algorithm, the total amount of 246 unknowns, due to simultaneous slip in the parent phase and the twinned phases, is reduced to only 31 unknowns. Additionally, thermodynamic consistency is ensured by including the second law with the Clausius–Duhem equation, which considers the change of free energy upon twinning as an additional driving force for twinning. Further, the setup of the time discrete nonlinear equation system using midpoint rule, as well as the analytical solution of the algorithmic tangent are given in detail. Finally, the implemented model is tested in finite element simulations and compared to single‐ and polycrystal compression and tension experiments.
Encouraging adherence in adolescents with asthma using financial incentives: An RCT
Authors: Keyser Heather H. De , Brinton John T. , Bothwell Samantha , Camacho Megan , Kempe Allison , Szefler Stanley J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedication adherence in adolescents remains a significant management challenge and innovative strategies are needed to improve medication adherence. Financial incentives have been used to improve outcomes for health behaviors among adults, but have not been well‐studied among adolescents. The objective of this study was to test if a modest financial incentive improved medication adherence in adolescents with asthma compared with a control group.MethodsParticipants were randomized to either control (electronic medication monitoring [EMM] with App reminders/feedback for 4 months) or intervention (EMM + $1 per day for perfect medication adherence for 3 months [maximum $84] followed by 1 month of EMM only). A repeated measures mixed model, with a first order autoregressive correlation structure between errors, was used to test the null hypothesis for an interaction of treatment group and week.ResultsFifty‐two participants were enrolled, and 48 completed primary analysis. Mean adherence rates declined in both groups over time, and there was no significant difference in the change in adherence rates between the groups (F‐statistic = 0.72, ndf = 15, ddf = 625, p = 0.76). Adherence rates (during the 12 weeks when incentives were given) declined from 80% to 64% in the control group, and from 90% to 58% in the incentive group. There was no significant change in the slope of decline in the incentives group in the month following payment discontinuation.ConclusionA modest financial incentive did not lead to significantly different medication adherence rates in adolescents with asthma who were receiving a monitoring and reminder intervention. Further study is needed to determine viable interventions to optimize medication use in this group.
Development of a multiscale mechanistic modeling framework integrating differential cellular kinetics of CAR T‐cell subsets and immunophenotypes in cancer patients
Authors: Salem Ahmed M. , Mugundu Ganesh M. , Singh Aman P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell subsets and immunophenotypic composition of the pre‐infusion product, as well as their longitudinal changes following infusion, are expected to affect CAR T‐cell expansion, persistence, and clinical outcomes. Herein, we sequentially evolved our previously described cellular kinetic‐pharmacodynamic (CK‐PD) model to incorporate CAR T‐cell product‐associated attributes by utilizing published preclinical and clinical datasets from two affinity variants (FMC63 and CAT19 scFv) anti‐CD19 CAR T‐cells. In step 1, a unified cell‐level PD model was used to simultaneously characterize the in vitro killing datasets of two CAR T‐cells against CD19+ cell lines at varying effector:target ratios. In step 2, an augmented CK‐PD model for anti‐CD19 CAR T‐cells was developed, by integrating CK dataset(s) from two bioanalytical measurements (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry) in patients with cancer. The model described the differential in vivo expansion properties of CAR T‐cell subsets. The estimated expansion rate constant was ~1.12‐fold higher for CAR+CD8+ cells in comparison to CAR+CD4+ T‐cells. In step 3, the model was extended to characterize the disposition of four immunophenotypic populations of CAR T‐cells, including stem‐cell memory, central memory, effector memory, and effector cells. The model adequately characterized the longitudinal changes in immunophenotypes post anti‐CD19 CAR T‐cell infusion in pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Polyclonality in the pre‐infusion product was identified as a categorical covariate influencing differentiation of immunophenotypes. In the future, this model could be leveraged a priori toward optimizing the composition of CAR T‐cell infusion product, and further understand the CK‐PD relationship in patients.
Deep‐learning based segmentation of ultrasound adipose image for liposuction
Authors: Cai Ruxin , Liu Yanzhen , Sun Zhibin , Wang Yuneng , Wang Yu , Li Facheng , Jiang Haiyue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo develop an automatic and reliable ultrasonic visual system for robot‐ or computer‐assisted liposuction, we examined the use of deep learning for the segmentation of adipose ultrasound images in clinical and educational settings.MethodsTo segment adipose layers, it is proposed to use an Attention Skip‐Convolutions ResU‐Net (Attention SCResU‐Net) consisting of SC residual blocks, attention gates and U‐Net architecture. Transfer learning is utilised to compensate for the deficiency of clinical data. The Bama pig and clinical human adipose ultrasound image datasets are utilized, respectively.ResultsThe final model obtains a Dice of 99.06 ± 0.95% and an ASD of 0.19 ± 0.18 mm on clinical datasets, outperforming other methods. By fine‐tuning the eight deepest layers, accurate and stable segmentation results are obtained.ConclusionsThe new deep‐learning method achieves the accurate and automatic segmentation of adipose ultrasound images in real‐time, thereby enhancing the safety of liposuction and enabling novice surgeons to better control the cannula.
Cyano‐Regulated Organic Polymers for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic H2O2 Production in Various Actual Water Bodies
Authors: Chu Chengcheng , Yao Ducheng , Chen Zhong , Liu Xinru , Huang Qisu , Li Qiuju , Mao Shun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic production of H2O2 has drawn significant attention in recent years, but the yield rate of current photocatalytic systems is still unsatisfactory. Moreover, the presence of various components in actual water bodies will consume the photogenerated charges and deactivate the catalyst, severely limiting the real applications of photocatalytic H2O2 production. Herein, a cyano‐modified polymer photocatalyst is synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation with subsequent thermal polymerization. The introduction of cyano group and sulfer (S), oxygen (O) elements modulates the microstructure and energy band of the polymer catalyst, and the cyano group sites can effectively adsorb and activate O2, realizing the generation of H2O2 in the two‐step single‐electron oxygen reduction process. The reported system achieves high H2O2 generation rate up to 1119.2 µmol g−1 h−1 in various water bodies including tap water, river water, seawater, and secondary effluent. This simple and readily available catalyst demonstrates good anti‐interference performance and pH adaptability in photocatalytic H2O2 production in actual water bodies, and its photodegradation and sterilization applications are also demonstrated. This study offers new insights in developing polymer catalysts for efficient photocatalytic production of H2O2 in various water bodies for practical application.
Scoparone attenuates glioma progression and improves the toxicity of temozolomide by suppressing RhoA/ROCK1 signaling
Authors: Zhou Yuhao , Han Zhenying , Zhao Zilong , Zhang Jianning 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlioma, a type of malignant brain tumor, has become a challenging health issue globally in recent years.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic role of scoparone in glioma and the underlying mechanism. Initially, transcriptome sequencing was conducted to identify genes that exhibited differential expression in glioma cells treated with scoparone compared to untreated cells. Subsequently, the impact of scoparone on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells was assessed in vitro using a range of assays including cell viability, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. Moreover, the apoptotic effects of scoparone on glioma cells were evaluated through flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Furthermore, we established a glioma xenograft mouse model to assess the in vivo antitumor activity of scoparone. Lastly, by integrating transcriptome analysis, we endeavored to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed antitumor effects of scoparone by examining the expression levels of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway components using western blot analysis and qRT‐PCR.ResultsOur transcriptome sequencing results revealed that scoparone significantly downregulated RhoA/ROCK1 signaling in glioma cells. Furthermore, scoparone treatment inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, scoparone reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival in a glioma xenograft mouse model, and improved the toxicity of temozolomide. Finally, our results showed that the antitumor effects of scoparone were mediated by the suppression of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling.ConclusionScoparone could be a promising therapeutic agent for glioma by suppressing RhoA/ROCK1 signaling. These findings pave the way for future research endeavors aimed at the development and optimization of scoparone‐based therapeutic strategies.
The role of hydropedology when aiming for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Bouma Johan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoil physics defines soil water, air, and temperature regimes that are crucial for agricultural production, the quality of water resources, and waste management. Positioning such activities in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will provide a valuable link to the international policy arena and should also include consideration of other SDGs dealing with climate change, biodiversity preservation, and soil health, thereby covering aspects of SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG3 (good health and wellbeing), SDG6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG13 (climate action), and SDG15 (life on land). Combined expertise of soil physicists and pedologists in hydropedology offers a basic soil package, to be completed by soil chemists and biologists, to interdisciplinary teams studying ecosystem services in line with SDGs. Soils not being isotropic and homogeneous, pedology offers descriptions of soil heterogeneity, requiring innovative measuring methods. Digital mapping significantly improves the quality of traditional soil maps by being more quantitative at lower cost. Socioeconomic conditions are important elements of sustainable development as is recognized by the soil security concept, distinguishing soil connectivity with users and soil codification, linking soil with the policy arena. The latter has been successfully achieved in South Africa. Innovative, “applied” interdisciplinary research is needed to develop operational methods, assessing ecosystem services that are relatively of low cost, simple, and transparent, allowing acceptance by critical stakeholders. Modern proximal sensing techniques offer a promising perspective. An exploratory case study of a Dutch: “Living Lab” is referred to as an example of such an “applied” interdisciplinary approach.