bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Outcomes of Teenage Mothers and Their Babies
Authors: Ferdoues Jannatul , Barua Tanuka , Ahmed Surovi Farjana , Naz Mabud Farah , Noor Rosy Serajun 
Published: January 2025

Background: Teenage pregnancy is coming up as one of the most important social and public health problem in both developed and developing countries and has an increased risk of both maternal and fetal complications specially in developing countries like Bangladesh. The purpose of the study to determine the fetal and maternal outcomes of teenage mother in Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital for a period of six months from 10th October 2013 to 9th April 2014. One hundred teenage mothers (Aged 15-19 completed years at delivery) who got herself admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology were included in this study. Diagnosis was established by history, presenting complaints, physical examination, per-abdominal examination and per-vaginal examination who required. Complications during pregnancy and labour, postpartum complications and perinatal outcome were noted. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18. Results: During this study period, 60% mothers were in age group of 17-18 years. Most of the patients were primigravida (72%). Majority (56%) of patients were in no antenatal cheek up. Most of patients (75%) admitted at her gestational age (37 – 42 wk). Among them, maximum patients (44%) were delivered by caesarean section. Most of teenage mothers (64%) were suffered from various complications during pregnancy and labour like preterm labour (21.87%), prolonged labour (17.18%), anaemia (14.06%), obstructed labour (12.50%), gestational hypertension (7.81%), Urinary tract infection (7.81%), pre-eclampsia (4.68%) eclampsia (3.13%). 57%of teenage mothers suffered from postpartum complications including post-partum hemorrhage (21.05%), anaemia (17.54%), inadequate lactation (14.03%), postpartum eclampsia (10.53%), wound infection (10.53%), puerperal sepsis (5.26%), urinary tract infection (3.51%) and puerperal psychosis (3.51%). About 15% mothers delivered low birth weight babies, 93% of those were premature. 48% of babies were suffered from various complications. Among them, prematurity (29.17%), birth asphyxia (25%), neonatal jaundice (25%), sepsis (12.50%), congenital heart disease (4.17%), congenital anomalies (2.08%) and intra-uterine growth restriction (2.08% were common.43% babies needed hospital admission due to causes of birth asphyxia (27.90%), prematurity (25.58%), neonatal jaundice (23.25%), sepsis (13.95%), congenital heart disease (4.65%).Perinatal outcomes of teenage pregnancy was alive with resuscitation 38%, alive without resuscitation 54%, intra-uterine death 1%, stillbirth 2% and neonatal death 5%. Conclusion: Teenage means the youth of the population who are the future of the nation. So, more emphasis should be given on further reduction of teenage pregnancy
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.23 (1); January 2024; Page 56-60
Research through service: Meeting Chinese international college students’ mental health needs
Authors: Duan Changming , Chen Jingru , Li Fenglan , Zhou Mi , Lin Xiubin , Li Shengnan 
Published: January 2025

Introduction and backgroundResearch indicates that Chinese International College Students (CICS) encounter considerable cultural and mental health challenges while studying in the United States. However, there has been limited focus on the processes and outcomes of effective mental health intervention programs tailored to their needs. This study adopted a research-through-service approach to design, implement, and evaluate a four-week group intervention program aimed at enhancing the mental health and well-being of CICS.Methods and intervention programThe group intervention was designed with the perspective that effective mental health services for CICS should be culturally specific, growth-oriented, and focused on promoting positive learning outcomes rather than merely addressing problems or solutions. Group sessions were conducted in Chinese and emphasized experiential activities aimed at enhancing participants’ cultural confidence and fostering a growth-oriented, positive mindset. Thirteen CICS voluntarily participated in the group intervention. One to three weeks after the program, twelve participants took part in semi-structured post-group interviews. These interviews explored their reflections on the group experience, their general perspectives on well-being, perceived challenges and strategies for managing those challenges, and their attitudes toward seeking professional help when needed. The interview data were analyzed using the Consensus Qualitative Research (CQR) method (Hill, 2012).ResultsParticipants shared experiences of cultural conflicts and challenges they faced, as well as the active coping strategies they employed. These strategies included confiding in trusted individuals, practicing forbearance and self-regulation, and seeking practical solutions to underlying problems. When reflecting on the group intervention experience, participants reported notable benefits across intellectual, relational, and emotional domains. Additionally, they provided valuable suggestions for enhancing the program’s effectiveness.ConclusionIntervention programs designed to support Chinese International College Students (CICS) should promote cultural confidence, adopt a strength-based and growth-oriented approach, and avoid deficit-focused or problem-centered frameworks.
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Su Xin , Zhou Yujing , Chang Jie , Zhao Xin , Li Haiyu , Sang Haiqiang 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCurrently, the clinical evidence regarding the prognostic significance of the TyG index in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients remains unclear. Our research analyzed the correlation between the TyG index and the risk of mortality in patients with AMI, in order to evaluate the influence of the TyG index on the prognosis of this population.Methods1205 ICU patients with AMI were analyzed in this retrospective cohort analysis, and the necessary data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The study conducted Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare all-cause mortality rates across four groups of patients. The study included logistic regression and Cox regression analysis to examine the correlation among the TyG index and the risk of in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality.ResultsIn our study, 176 (14.61%) patients experienced in-hospital deaths, 198 (16.43%) patients died within 28 days of follow-up, and 189 (23.98%) patients died within 90 days of follow-up. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analyses revealed that the TyG index was an independent predictor of in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality (OR: 1.406, 95% CI 1.141-1.731, p = 0.001; HR: 1.364, 95% CI 1.118-1.665, p = 0.002; HR: 1.221, 95% CI 1.024-1.445, p = 0.026, respectively). The restricted cubic spline regression model showed that the risk of in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality increased linearly with increasing TyG index.ConclusionsThe TyG index was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in AMI patients. Our findings suggested that the TyG index may be instrumental in identifying patients at high risk for adverse outcomes following AMI.
Knockdown of PDPN in astrocytes reduces hippocampal inflammation in T2DM mice
Authors: Wang Xiaohang , Wang Qianqian , Cai Zhensheng , Ni Chengming , Wang Huan , Liu Hui , Zhao Yusong , Wang Jinbang , Liu Subo , Wang Xueying 
Published: January 2025

AimsIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at-risk for developing vascular dementia (VaD). Hyperglycemia leads to the activation of astrocytes. These activated cells produce proinflammatory mediators like cytokines or chemokines, that cause cerebrovascular damage. Previous sequencing showed Pdpn’s high expression in activated stellate cells and possible inflammation involvement. Our study aims to reveal its role in T2DM-induced hippocampal inflammation in VaD.MethodsFirstly, we will validate the expression of the Pdpn gene in T2DM astrocytes via qPCR and Western blot. Subsequently GFAP-specific promoter adeno-associated virus(AAV)carrying interfering sequence was used to knockdown the key gene in astrocytes of T2DM mice. Then the step-down test was conducted to assess the cognition level. The fluorescence intensities of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β were measured via immunofluorescence assay to assess the level of inflammation in the brain after the key gene knockdown.ResultsAfter the validation of transcriptome sequencing, the Pdpn gene was identified as a key gene upregulated in astrocytes from T2DM. Comparing to T2DM mice, knocking down Pdpn in astrocytes extended the latency and decreased the number of errors in T2DM mice, showing improved memory impairment. After the cognition assessment, the mice were euthanized, and the inflammatory factors associated to the VaD were detected by immunofluorescence. We showed that the fluorescence intensities of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 in hippocampus were decreased after the Pdpn knocking down in astrocytes of T2DM mice.ConclusionIn summary, this study demonstrates that Pdpn exerts a novel player in T2DM-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Knocking down Pdpn in astrocytes shows a protective effect in hippocampal inflammation and VaD.
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy misdiagnosed as intracranial infectious diseases: case reports and literature review
Authors: Bai Runhua , An Li , Du Wei , Wang Zhiwei , Qi Xiaokun , Liu Jianguo , Ren Ming , Yu Yingxin 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAutoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (A-GFAP-A) is an autoimmune central nervous system(CNS) disease characterized by GFAP IgG as a biomarker. Several cases of individuals with A-GFAP-A initially misdiagnosed as infectious diseases of the central nervous system have been reported in research. We report three cases of A-GFAP-A misdiagnosed as viral meningitis or tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We summarize recent cases of A-GFAP-A misdiagnosed as central nervous system infections through a literature review.Materials and methodsThree cases of A-GFAP-A were initially misdiagnosed as tuberculous or viral meningitis. Their diagnoses of A-GFAP-A were confirmed with positive GFAP-IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We searched the PubMed database with the key words of “GFAP astrocytopathy”, “GFAP autoimmunity”, “GFAP autoantibody”, “intracranial infection”, “meningitis”, “misdiagnose”, and within the literature from Jan 1, 2015 to Mar 15, 2024, 40 cases with A-GFAP-A with positive GFAP-IgG in CSF who were previously misdiagnosed with intracranial infection were reported. The causes of misdiagnoses were summarized and analyzed.ResultsCase 1 was a 41-year-old female, presenting with headache, fever, diplopia, and altered consciousness level. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was ineffective. Finally, with positive GFAP IgG in CSF, she was diagnosed with A-GFAP-A. Case 2 was a 74-year-old male, presenting with fever, excessive sweating, fatigue, and memory loss. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was ineffective. With positive GFAP IgG in CSF, he was diagnosed with A-GFAP-A. Case 3 was a 54-year-old male, presenting with fever, personality changes, and memory decline. Antiviral treatment was ineffective. His diagnosis was revised to A-GFAP-A after testing positive for GFAP IgG in CSF. Our study summarized a total of 40 patients with A-GFAP-A who were initially misdiagnosed as intracranial infections. The most common clinical phenotypes among 40 patients were mimicked meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, encephalitis and encephalomyelitis.ConclusionA-GFAP-A is a specific autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis associated with GFAP-IgG, with lesions involved the brain, meninges, and spinal cord. It commonly presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, altered consciousness, tremor, seizures, and autonomic dysfunction. Brain MRI often shows characteristic linear perivascular radial enhancement perpendicular to the ventricles or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement. Early detection of GFAP-IgG in serum and CSF is essential for differential diagnosis.
Electrophysiological properties of vestibular hair cells isolated from human crista
Authors: Mohamed Nesrien , Al-Amin Mohammad , Meredith Frances L. , Kalmanson Olivia , Dondzillo Anna , Cass Stephen , Gubbels Samuel , Rennie Katherine J. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe vast majority of cellular studies on mammalian vestibular hair cells have been carried out in rodent models due in part to the inaccessibility of human inner ear organs and reports describing electrophysiological recordings from human inner ear sensory hair cells are scarce. Here, we obtained freshly harvested vestibular neuroepithelia from adult translabyrinthine surgical patients to obtain electrophysiological recordings from human hair cells.MethodsWhole cell patch clamp recordings were performed on hair cells mechanically isolated from human cristae to characterize voltage-dependent and pharmacological properties of membrane currents. Hair cells were classified as type I or type II according to morphological characteristics and/or their electrophysiological properties.ResultsType I hair cells exhibited low voltage-activated K+ currents (IKLV) at membrane potentials around the mean resting membrane potential (-63 mV) and large slowly activating outward K+ currents in response to depolarizing voltage steps. Recordings from type II hair cells revealed delayed rectifier type outward K+ currents that activated above the average resting potential of -55 mV and often showed some inactivation at more depolarized potentials. Perfusion with the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (1 mM) substantially reduced outward current in both hair cell types. Additionally, extracellular application of 8-bromo-cGMP inhibited IKLV in human crista type I hair cells suggesting modulation via a nitric oxide/cGMP mechanism. A slow hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) was observed in some hair cells in response to membrane hyperpolarization below -100 mV.DiscussionIn summary, whole cell recordings from isolated human hair cells revealed ionic currents that strongly resemble mature current phenotypes previously described in hair cells from rodent vestibular epithelia. Rapid access to surgically obtained adult human vestibular neuroepithelia allows translational studies crucial for improved understanding of human peripheral vestibular function.
Treatment outcomes and its associated factors among neonates admitted with sepsis in Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia
Authors: Gezahegn Betelhem , Abdella Ahmed , Meseret Fentahun , Mohammed Ahmed , Keneni Mulualem , Asfaw Tesfaye , Tizazu Diribsa , Desalew Assefa 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSepsis in the neonatal period is a major health challenge in neonatal medicine because of its potential for rapid progression to multi-organ dysfunction, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. Although efforts have been made to advance the outcomes of neonates admitted to hospitals, there is a paucity of data regarding neonatal sepsis treatment outcomes in the study setting. Hence, the study aimed to assess outcomes and prognostic factors of sepsis among neonatal patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital in Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 311 neonates with sepsis admitted from 1 January 2021 to 30 December 2023. Neonates were selected using systematic random sampling. Relevant data were extracted from medical records using a checklist. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 17. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable.ResultsEighty-four of 311 patients (27.8%) (95% CI: 22.7%–32.9%) died, while 218 (72.2%) were discharged after improvement. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, low white blood cell (WBC) count [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.5–12.5], desaturation (aOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.6–5.5), pre-term birth (aOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), lack of maternal antenatal care (ANC) follow-up (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–4.7), and chorioamnionitis (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2–6.5) were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis mortality.ConclusionApproximately one-quarter of patients with neonatal sepsis died. The significant prognostic factors for sepsis were found to be low WBC count, desaturation, lack of ANC visits, and chorioamnionitis. Implementing targeted therapeutic interventions and addressing these prognostic factors could improve treatment outcomes.
Innovative approaches to English pronunciation instruction in ESL contexts: integration of multi-sensor detection and advanced algorithmic feedback
Authors: Ping Li , Tao Ning 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionTeaching English pronunciation in an English as a Second Language (ESL) context involves tailored strategies to help learners accurately produce sounds, intonation, and rhythm.MethodsThis study presents an innovative method utilizing advanced technology and algorithms to enhance pronunciation accuracy, fluency, and completeness. The approach employs multi-sensor detection methods for precise data collection, preprocessing techniques such as pre-emphasis, normalization, framing, windowing, and endpoint detection to ensure high-quality speech signals. Feature extraction focuses on key attributes of pronunciation, which are then fused through a feedback neural network for comprehensive evaluation. The experiment involved 100 college students, including 50 male and 50 female students, to test their English pronunciation.ResultsEmpirical results demonstrate significant improvements over existing methods. The proposed method achieved a teaching evaluation accuracy of 99.3%, compared to 68.9% and 77.8% for other referenced methods. Additionally, students showed higher levels of fluency, with most achieving a level of 4 or above, whereas traditional methods resulted in lower fluency levels. Spectral feature analysis indicated that the amplitude of speech signals obtained using the proposed method closely matched the original signals, unlike the discrepancies found in previous methods.DiscussionThese findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method, showcasing its ability to improve pronunciation accuracy and fluency. The integration of multi-sensor detection and neural network evaluation provides precise results, outperforming traditional approaches.
Attention speed and anterior cingulate cortex volume in female and male veterans with suicide ideation and attempts
Authors: McGlade Erin C. , Yancey James R. , Roberts Keenan E. , Elias Audrey , Carson Chelsea , Ma Jiyoung , Legarreta Margaret R. , Yurgelun-Todd Deborah A. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionAn average of 17.5 Veterans died by suicide each day in 2021, highlighting the importance of research and prevention efforts aimed at suicide risk. Attentional processes have emerged as a possible predictor of suicide behaviors (SB), yet associated neural correlates remain understudied, particularly in the Veteran population.MethodsThe current study examines sustained and selective attention performance as indexed by the Ruff 2 &amp; 7 Selective Attention Test and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume as they relate to SB in Veterans. A subset of Veterans also completed a structural magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Participants were grouped on history of suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempt (SA), and no SB (HC).ResultsAnalyses from the Ruff 2 &amp; 7 test showed that Veterans with a history of SA performed more slowly on Automatic Detection Speed (ADS) and Controlled Search Speed (CSS) compared to Veterans with SI and no SB. SI and SA group differences on ADS and CSS remained after Bonferroni correction, and CSS differences remained after controlling for depressive and anxious symptoms. There were no between-group differences on Ruff 2 &amp; 7 Accuracy measures. When analyses were divided by sex, males with a history of SA performed more slowly than SI and HC on ADS and more slowly on CSS and Total Speed than males with a history of SI. Results remained significant after controlling for depressive and anxious symptoms. When Bonferroni corrections were applied, males with a history of SA performed more slowly on ADS, CSS, and Total Speed compared to males with a history of SI. Female Veterans with a history of SA performed more slowly than female HC on CSS only; however, these findings were no longer significant after controlling for depressive and anxious symptoms. No significant differences were found between female groups on ADS or Total Speed. Measures of left rostral ACC gray matter (GM) volume for the combined female and male Veteran sample were positively correlated with ADS and CSS scores in HC but not SA. Conversely, right rostral ACC GM volume negatively correlated with ADS and CSS scores in the SA group but not HC. Right rostral ACC white matter volume correlated positively with ADS and CSS in HC.DiscussionThese findings highlight associations between attention speed, ACC volume, and SB even after controlling for acute mood symptoms, in addition to emphasizing the importance of including sex in analyses.
Phage Therapy for Orthopaedic Infections: The First Three Cases from the United Kingdom
Authors: Munteanu Daniela I. , Dunn John , Apjok Gábor , Kintses Bálint , Griselain Johann , Steurs Griet , Cochez Christel , Djebara Sarah , Merabishvili Maya , Pirnay Jean-Paul , Štilec Vida , Peterka Matjaž , Simpson Emily A. , Downie Samantha , MacInnes Alasdair , Nicol Graeme , Clift Benedict , Jones Joshua D. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect and kill bacteria. The antimicrobial resistance crisis has driven renewed interest in phage therapy, including the use of phages to treat chronic orthopaedic infections. Methods: Here, we present the results of the first three orthopaedic patients treated with phage therapy in the United Kingdom. Results: The first patient was treated in May 2023 and received phages active against Staphylococcus aureus. At nine months follow-up, the patient’s wound remained healed, the C-reactive protein normal and the patient was walking independently. The second patient received phages active against Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus; the infection remained unresolved. The third patient received phages active against Staphylococcus epidermidis; at six months follow-up, the patient was free of infection. Endotoxin was considered at least partially responsible for mild self-limiting adverse effects in two cases. Conclusions: These promising results hint at the potential for phage therapy to transform the care of chronic orthopaedic infections.