bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the photostability of agrochemicals on leaves: understanding the balance between loss processes and foliar uptake
Authors: Bronzato Maddalena , Burriss Adam , King Nikita , Donaldson Claire , Sayer Danielle , Baker Christopher M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotostability is an important property in agrochemicals, impacting their biological efficacy, environmental fate and registrability. As such, it is a property that is routinely measured during the development of new active ingredients and their formulations. To make these measurements, compounds are typically exposed to simulated sunlight after application to a glass substrate. While useful, these measurements neglect key factors that influence photostability under true field conditions. Most importantly, they neglect the fact that compounds are applied to living plant tissue, and that uptake and movement within this tissue provides a mechanism to protect compounds from photodegradation.RESULTSIn this work, we introduce a new photostability assay incorporating leaf tissue as a substrate, designed to run at medium throughput under standardized laboratory conditions. Using three test cases, we demonstrate that our leaf‐disc‐based assays provides quantitatively different photochemical loss profiles to an assay employing a glass substrate. And we also demonstrate that these different loss profiles are intimately linked to the physical properties of the compounds, the effect that those properties have on foliar uptake and, thereby, the availability of the active ingredient on the leaf surface.CONCLUSIONSThe method presented provides a quick and simple measure of the interplay between abiotic loss processes and foliar uptake, supplying additional information to facilitate the interpretation of biological efficacy data. The comparison of loss between glass slides and leaves also provides a better understanding of when intrinsic photodegradation is likely to be a good model for a compound's behaviour under field conditions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Automated quantification of the pulmonary vasculature in pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zhai Zhiwei , Boon Gudula J. A. M. , Staring Marius , van Dam Lisette F. , Kroft Lucia J. M. , Hernández Girón Irene , Ninaber Maarten K. , Bogaard Harm Jan , Meijboom Lilian J. , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Huisman Menno V. , Klok Frederikus A. , Stoel Berend C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe shape and distribution of vascular lesions in pulmonary embolism (PE) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are different. We investigated whether automated quantification of pulmonary vascular morphology and densitometry in arteries and veins imaged by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) could distinguish PE from CTEPH. We analyzed CTPA images from a cohort of 16 PE patients, 6 CTEPH patients, and 15 controls. Pulmonary vessels were extracted with a graph‐cut method, and separated into arteries and veins using deep‐learning classification. Vascular morphology was quantified by the slope (α) and intercept (β) of the vessel radii distribution. To quantify lung perfusion defects, the median pulmonary vascular density was calculated. By combining these measurements with densities measured in parenchymal areas, pulmonary trunk, and descending aorta, a static perfusion curve was constructed. All separate quantifications were compared between the three groups. No vascular morphology differences were detected in contrast to vascular density values. The median vascular density (interquartile range) was −567 (113), −452 (95), and −470 (323) HU, for the control, PE, and CTEPH group. The static perfusion curves showed different patterns between groups, with a statistically significant difference in aorta‐pulmonary trunk gradient between the PE and CTEPH groups (p = 0.008). In this proof of concept study, not vasculature morphology but densities differentiated between patients of three groups. Further technical improvements are needed to allow for accurate differentiation between PE and CTEPH, which in this study was only possible statistically by measuring the density gradient between aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Reliability modeling of dependent competing failure processes based on time‐dependent threshold level δ and degradation rate changes
Authors: Lyu Hao , Ma Li , Qu Hongchen , Yang Zaiyou , Jiang Yuliang , Lu Bing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new reliability model for dependent competing failure processes is proposed. The reliability model uses the generalized Polya process (GPP) to model the arrival of shocks and considers the degradation rate change. Most systems fail due to performance degradation and external environment shocks. On the one hand, soft failure occurs when the total amount of degradation, including continuous degradation and sudden degenerate increment, exceeds the soft failure threshold level. On the other hand, hard failure occurs when the time interval between two successive shocks is less than the recovery time. As time progresses and natural degradation, the time for a system to recover from damage due to shocks tends to increase gradually. However, conventional models usually regard recovery time as a constant, unrealistic in many practical situations. For this purpose, an increment‐dependent shock process is considered. A hard failure reliability model with recovery time is calculated using the GPP to describe the shock arrival process. On this basis, combined with the deduced soft failure function, the analytical solution of the reliability model is obtained. Finally, a numerical example based on the micro‐electro mechanical systems is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Direct analysis in real‐time tandem mass spectrometry method for the rapid screening of 11 new psychoactive substances in blood and urine
Authors: Ji Jiahua , Zhang Yunfeng , Zhang Ying , Chang Jing , Wang Aihua , Zhou Hong , Liu Yao , Wang Jifen 
Published: April 2023

RationaleWith the continuous renewal of new psychoactive substances (NPS), the abuse of NPS has seriously harmed social security and public safety. The number of deaths from the abuse of NPS is increasing year by year. Therefore, there is an immediate need to develop an effective method for detecting NPS.MethodsDirect analysis in real‐time tandem mass spectrometry (DART‐MS/MS) was used to detect 11 NPS in blood and urine. The temperature of the ion source was optimized and set to 400°C. The mixture solvent of acetonitrile/methanol (4:1, v/v) was used as the precipitant. SKF‐525 (2‐(diethylamino)ethyl 2,2‐diphenylpentanoate) was selected as the internal standard for quantification. After the pretreatment of the analytes in blood or urine, the supernatant was prepared for instrumental analysis.ResultsThe results indicated that the correlation coefficients (r2) of all analytes ranged from 0.99 to 1 in the linear range. The recoveries of 11 analytes at three spiked levels ranged between 83.4% and 110.4% in blood and between 81.7% and 108.5% in urine. The matrix effects of 11 analytes ranged between 79.5% and 109.5% in blood and between 85.0% and 109.4% in urine. The relative standard deviations of intra‐day and inter‐day precisions and repeatability were lower than 12.4%, 14.1%, and 14.3% in blood and lower than 11.4%, 13.9%, and 14.3% in urine, respectively.ConclusionThe method established for the detection of 11 NPS could meet the needs for the rapid screening of NPS samples. The DART‐MS/MS method has the advantages of being efficient, fast, and green. Therefore, it may become a promising technology for the detection of NPS in the future.
Targeting zero hunger to ensure sustainable development: Insights from a panel structure
Authors: Ghosh Shantanu , Sahu Tarak Nath 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe article aims to estimate the impact of food prices, food production, per capita income and financial inclusion indicators on reducing the prevalence of undernourishment in 61 developing and least developed countries across 2004–2019. Applying panel co‐integration and error correction model it concludes that an increase in food production, income and financial inclusion indicators reduces the pervasiveness of undernourishment, whereas rising food prices exacerbates undernourishment significantly in the long run. The error correction term appears to be negative and significant. Apart from other exogenous variables considered in the model governments' effectiveness and political stability with absence of violence reduces whereas, corruption increases undernourishment significantly in the short run. This study is important for the policymakers in the developing and least developed countries to formulate effective strategies addressing undernourishment, thus achieving the target of zero hunger.
Revisiting the Pharmacological Potential of 3‐Hydroxyflavone Derivatives (3HF) in Transdermal Drug Delivery by Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber
Authors: Dayananda B. Sesappa , Sarojini B. Kunhanna , Harshitha K. Ramachandra , Sravani A. Boyina , Lewis S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe unexplored anti‐inflammatory and wound‐scratching assay of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one [3HF(B)] was reported for the first time with the subsequent transdermal drug delivery en route electrospun cellulose acetate nanofiber mat. The higher anti‐inflammatory activity of 3HF(B) was revealed by in vitro protein denaturation assay in comparison to Ibuprofen. The wound scratching assay on NIH3T3 cells disclosed the rapid wound healing potential of 3HF(B) in 18 h. The fabricated cellulose acetate nanofiber‘s drug encapsulation efficiency was 82.0±1.0 % whereas drug release ability was 91.29±0.3 % at pH 7.4. The initial rapid release of 37.82±1.3 % of the drug was found to be beneficial for quick recovery from the critical phase of symptoms. These results suggest that the cellulose acetate/3HF(B) composite nanofiber's suitability to be employed as a patch in the transdermal drug delivery system with synergetic anti‐inflammatory activity.
Interfacial Charge Transfer of B‐doped g‐C3N4/ZnIn2S4p–n Heterojunction for Plasticizer Bisphenol‐A and Dye/Drug Intermediates, 2,4‐Dinitrophenol Degradation in Sunlight
Authors: Behera Arjun , Ghoshal Arijit , Srivastava Rajendra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFabricating an efficient photocatalyst for solving energy and environmental pollution is challenging, especially using sunlight. Herein, a photocatalyst was developed to degrade plasticizer (Bisphenol A, BPA) and an industrial‐pollutant 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) found in water bodies with sunlight. Several ZnIn2S4/B‐doped g‐C3N4(ZIS@BCN) heterojunctions were prepared by an ultra‐sonochemical route followed by calcination. HRTEM, MS analysis, EIS, photocurrent, and synergic factor calculations were employed to confirm p‐n heterojunction. The phase purity and optical characteristics of the photocatalysts were determined by XRD, PL, and DRS UV‐Vis spectroscopy. A successful p‐n heterojunction 2 %ZIS@BCN showed better degradation efficiency than pristine ZIS (n‐type) and BCN (p‐type) semiconductors. Moreover, the best photocatalyst (2 % ZIS@BCN) exhibited maximum photo‐degradation of 83 % of BPA and 85 % of DNP under solar light illumination. The degradation pathways and involvement of reactive species were confirmed using LC–MS, trapping experiments, nitroblue‐tetrazolium, and terephthalic acid tests. The superior activity is ascribed to the successful formation of an electrical double layer (EDL) between p‐type BCN and n‐type ZIS, which minimizes the e−‐h+recombination and thereby increases the visible light utilization efficiency. The work validates the formation of ZIS@BCN p‐n heterojunction, showing solar light‐driven photocatalytic degradation of toxic effluents found in water bodies.
A New Bis‐(NHC)‐P(II) Complex Supported on Magnetic Mesoporous Silica: An Efficient Pd(II) Catalyst for the Selective Buchwald‐Hartwig Monoarylation of Ammonia
Authors: Fekri Somayeh , Mansoori Yagoub , Esquivel Dolores , Navarro M. Angeles 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report the synthesis and identification of a new bis(NHC)‐Pd(II) catalyst supported on magnetic SBA‐15 (Fe3O4@SBA‐15). The surface of magnetic SBA‐15 was subsequently treated with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), cyanuric chloride (CC), imidazole, and 2‐bromopyridine. The modified magnetic mesoporous material was then further treated with separately prepared trans‐[Pd(Cl)2(SMe2)2] complex to give Fe3O4@SBA‐AP‐CC‐bis(NHC)‐Pd(II) as a supported bis(NHC)‐Pd(II) complex. The catalyst was fully characterized by common spectroscopic methods. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that some imine nitrogens interact with palladium atoms. The supported Pd(II) complex catalyzed the direct monoarylation of ammonia with iodo‐, bromo‐, and chloroarenes, selectively. The effects of reaction components and parameters were investigated to establish the optimal reaction conditions. The catalyst was separated by a magnet, washed, and applied in the subsequent run. It exhibited noticeable stability and reused over seven catalytic cycles with negligible deactivation. A small Pd leaching (1.04 %) was observed in the first run.
Crystallization of ZnO in Aqueous Precursor Solution at 90 °C
Authors: Katarapu Venkateswarlu , Pant Harita , Kummari Sreenivasulu Venkata , Kurapati Rajendra , Guruvidyathri Krishnamoorthy , Srikanth Vadali Venkata Satya Siva 
Published: April 2023

AbstractZnO crystallization from suitable aqueous precursor solutions is well known, albeit with crystal growth modifiers and high calcination temperatures. However, processing parameters such as molarity, pH, stirring, and mixing of the reacting solutions can be controlled to make the reactants react at lower activation energies (also implying lower crystal growth temperatures) to obtain the final product. The motivation behind this work is to show that by proper mixing and stirring and using appropriate molarities of the reactants, the kinetics of ZnO formation can be designed, and highly crystalline and oriented ZnO can be obtained with ease. In this work, 0.1 M zinc acetate and 8 M KOH aqueous solutions are slowly mixed while stirring and then reacted at 90 °C to obtain wurtzite crystal structured ZnO without calcination at high temperatures.
Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and DFT Calculation Study of Novel 1‐Acyl‐5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐thioether Derivatives Containing Natural gem‐Dimethylcyclopropane Ring Structure
Authors: Cui Yucheng , Lin Guishan , Duan Wengui , Wu Kaiyue , Qin Liqing , Li Baoyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA series of novel 1‐acyl‐5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐thioether derivatives containing natural gem‐dimethylcyclopropane ring structure were synthesized from natural biomass resource 3‐carene. Their structures were confirmed by FT‐IR, NMR, ESI‐MS, and elemental analysis. The possible mechanism of regioselectivity for the N‐acylation reaction of 5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole with 2‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐propylcyclopropyl) acetyl chloride was explored by DFT theoretical calculation. All the target compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity in vitro against eight plant pathogens, and some target compounds showed good inhibitory activity against the tested pathogens. For example, compounds 1‐(5‐Amino‐3‐((4‐chlorobenzyl)thio)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐propylcyclopropyl)ethan‐1‐one and 1‐(5‐Amino‐3‐((2,6‐dichlorobenzyl)thio)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐propylcyclopropyl)ethan‐1‐one exhibited inhibitory rates of 81.6 % and 80.9 % against Cercospora arachidicola and Alternaria solani, respectively, better than that of the commercial fungicide thifluzamide with corresponding inhibitory rates of 75.0 % and 78.6 %. Besides, against Gibberella zeae, most of the target compounds displayed better antifungal activity than the positive control thifluzamide.
Facile Preparation of Magnetic Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Microtubes with Co Nanoparticles for Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Du Hong , Zheng Jing , Mao Yi , Pan Wen‐tao , Zhang Yan , Zhu Lin‐yu , Yin Xue‐Bo , Zhang Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysts with controllable interface structures are of great importance to demonstrate the relationship between structure and property. Herein, magnetic Nitrogen‐doped carbon microtubes with Co nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C−Co) were prepared, which could be used for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol(4‐NP). In the process, MoO3@FeOOH core‐shell structure was fabricated, then ZIF‐67 was decorated on the MoO3@FeOOH. After adding 2‐methylimidazole, MoO3microrods were removed. Then the prepared FeOOH@ZIF‐67 microtubes are converted to Fe3O4@C−Co hybrid microtubes through pyrolysis. Due to the unique structures, the obtained Fe3O4@C−Co composites improved the dispersion of Co nanoparticles (NPs), diminished Co leaching, and promoted catalytic activity. The plentiful nitrogen improved electronic conductivity and brought additional active sites. The resulting Fe3O4@C−Co implies outstanding catalytic ability towards the reduction of 4‐NP. The synergistic effect between the hollow microtube and the fine dispersed Co NPs within Fe3O4@C−Co offered an excellent catalytic efficiency. More particularly, this achievement opens a new avenue to the targeted design of well‐defined nanocatalysts for practical applications in environmental remediation.
Odynophagie als erstes Symptom bei Affenpocken-Infektion
Authors: Schröder Nadja , Buth Juliane , Drexler Ingo , Adams Ortwin , Tometten Inga , Seidl Maximilian , Rubbert Christian , Schipper Jörg , Kristin Julia 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungEin 50-jähriger Patient stellte sich mit Odynophagie und nächtlicher Dyspnoe bei einer bestätigten Affenpocken-Infektion vor. Klinisch zeigten sich eine Läsion am Zungenrand ohne Hautbefall sowie eine fibrinbelegte Tonsille mit Weichgaumenasymmetrie nach rechts. Aufgrund eines in der Computertomographie(CT)-Bildgebung gesicherten Abszesses erfolgte eine Tonsillektomie à chaud. Mittels Pan-Orthopox-spezifischer Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) wurde die Infektion auch im Tonsillengewebe bestätigt. Isolierte orale Befunde können eine Affenpocken-Infektion darstellen und stellen bei Risikopatienten eine aktuell wichtige Differenzialdiagnose dar.
Fatigue Damage Development in 14MoV6-3 Steel for Power Plant Pipes Monitored by Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Kopec M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, fatigue damage development of 14MoV6-3 (13HMF) power engineering steel was studied through different experimental and analytical approaches. The specimens machined from the as-received pipe were subjected to fatigue loading and simultaneously monitored using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The damage development was analysed through microstructural observations of fracture surfaces and further described as a function of the fatigue damage parameter D and the fatigue damage measure ϕ. The combination of such parameters’ evolution with the number of cycles to failure and the DIC technique enables a determination of separate stages of damage development. It was found that dynamics of damage could be effectively exposed within the first 100 cycles.
Teacher critical reflection: what can be learned from quality research?
Authors: Philp-Clark Claire , Grieshaber Susan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis Meta-Aggregative (MA) Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (QES) identified, investigated, and critically appraised examples of ‘quality’ Teacher Critical Reflection (TCR) in recent peer-reviewed research. The key question guiding the synthesis of literature was, How is teacher critical reflection evidenced, justified, and communicated in peer-reviewed research? The synthesis detected the importance of TCR in supporting quality teacher practice in early childhood and primary school settings. The MA element guided the choice of articles and the QES identified evidence of the intricacies of teacher critical reflection. The MA QES provides insights into sustainable and purposeful TCR. Thirteen studies conducted between 2013 and 2019 met the requirements of a four-phased MA QES and were critically appraised to inform the synthesis. Recommendations derived from this review include the importance of identifying the objectives of TCR, TCR as part of teacher identity and its impact on TCR, the significant role that social collaboration plays in TCR, and the tools that support successful TCR.
Preparation of activated carbon from pine (Pinus radiata) sawdust by chemical activation with zinc chloride for wood dye adsorption
Authors: Pimentel Catarina H. , Freire M. Sonia , Gómez-Díaz Diego , González-Álvarez Julia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Wastewater containing dyes are released into water bodies generating serious problems in human health and marine life. To contribute to the solution of this problem, a novel activated carbon was prepared from untreated pine (Pinus radiata) sawdust by dry chemical activation with ZnCl2 and was used for wood dye adsorption. The carbon was characterized by point of zero charge, N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. N2 and CO2 surface areas were 471.4 and 319.5 m2 g−1, respectively, with 91% of micropores. Wood dye adsorption was studied in function of pH (2–12), adsorbent dose (0.1–4 g L−1), time (up to 48 h for blue and red and 12 h for black), and initial concentration (5–500 mg L−1). The equilibrium data for the blue and black dyes were satisfactorily fitted to the Freundlich model while those for the red dye to the Langmuir model. Kinetic data were explained by the pseudo-second order (chemisorption process) and intraparticle diffusion models. At 5 mg L−1, a 100% removal efficiency was achieved at all pH for the blue dye, whereas for the red and black, natural pH (5.1) and pH = 2, respectively, led to the best removal efficiencies, 96 and 56%. Increasing concentration above 25 mg L−1 significantly reduced adsorption efficiency for blue and red dyes. For the black dye increasing the dose to 1 g L−1, the adsorption efficiency reached 82% at 25 mg L−1. High removal efficiencies were achieved for all dyes at 25 mg L−1 and 4 g L−1.
Global Research Effort on Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha)-Insights from Scientometrics
Authors: Bandara Tharindu , Wijewardene Lishani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTenualosa ilisha also known as Hilsa shad is one of the important anadromous fish species in South Asia and some of the middle eastern countries because of its economic, cultural and ecological significance. The importance of hilsa shad in this region has driven a large number of scientific studies and quantification of these studies is important to identify the knowledge gaps and future research directions. For this purpose, we conducted a scientometric analysis on hilsa shad research published in Web of Science database between 2000 and 2022. Our results indicated that the number of articles on hilsa shad has increased from 2000 to 2019 and the number of articles published between 2000 and 2020 was correlated with global annual hilsa production during the same period. Keyword analysis of articles identified 10 thematic areas in hilsa shad research. The evolution of these thematic areas indicated that studies on ‘the management of hilsa shad fisheries in the Bay of Bengal and surrounding countries’ had more recent interest among the scientific community. On the other hand, studies on ‘post-harvesting of hilsa shad products’ have been more conventional and had fewer publications. Thematic areas related to hilsa shad stock assessment and genetics indicated that more state-of-art techniques are needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the hilsa shad population structure. Studies on trophic ecology and hilsa shad aquaculture are key topics that need and novel technology-based research. More socio-economic studies are encouraged to understand the sustainability of hilsa fisheries management. Overall, our results highlight the necessity for improvements in local and international collaborations towards the sustainable management of trans-boundary hilsa shad fishery in the region.