bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between child marriage and intimate partner violence. A comparative analysis of Uganda Demographic Health Surveys 2011 and 2016
Authors: Fokukora Theopista , Alangea Deda Ogum , Amoah Emefa Modey , Godi Anthony 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe incidence of child marriage (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are high in Uganda. The study sought to assess the association between child marriage and IPV across two waves of the Ugandan Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). The evidence is important to inform policy implementation strategies aimed at curbing child marriages and IPV.We analyzed data from UDHS 2011 and 2016. The analysis was restricted to women who have ever cohabited. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between child marriage and IPV.Following the 2011 and 2016 UDHS findings, child marriage was 54.7% in 2011 and 47.4% in 2016. Child marriage among the current adolescents increased from 9.4% in 2011 to 14.2% in 2016. According to UDHS 2011, 40.0% and 39.0% experienced physical and sexual violence respectively. In 2011 and 2016, 23.1% and 17.4% experienced both physical and sexual violence. There are higher odds of physical violence among child marriages compared to adult marriages in 2011 and 2016 (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.12-1.84 in 2011 and AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12-1.42). A wealthy or educated woman has lower odds (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41-0.91 and AOR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.66) to experience both physical violence and sexual violence than a poor or uneducated one. Alcohol is the most common cause of IPV. A woman married to an husband who consumes alcohol has higher odds of experiencing physical, sexual or both physical and sexual violence as compared to someone whose husband did not consume alcohol (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI:1.61-3.09 in 2011 and AOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 2.15-2.73 in 2016)Intimate Partner Violence is associated with child marriage, level of education, wealth quintile, residence, and partner’s alcohol consumption. Much emphasis needs to be directed to cultural, as well as social economic factors but more specifically on the contribution of women emancipation/empowerment to prevent IPV.
Pan-genome analysis of six completeParacoccustype strain genomes from hybrid next generation sequencing
Authors: Hollensteiner Jacqueline , Schneider Dominik , Poehlein Anja , Brinkhoff Thorsten , Daniel Rolf 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe genusParacoccus capable of inhabiting a variety of different ecological niches both, marine and terrestrial is globally distributed. In addition,Paracoccusis taxonomically, metabolically and regarding lifestyle highly diverse. Until now, little is known on howParacoccuscan adapt to such a range of different ecological niches and lifestyles. In the present study, the genusParacoccuswas phylogenomically analyzed (n = 160) and revisited, allowing species level classification of 16 so far unclassifiedParacoccussp. strains and detection of five misclassifications. Moreover, we performed pan-genome analysis ofParacoccus-type strains, isolated from a variety of ecological niches, including different soils, tidal flat sediment, host association such as the bluespotted cornetfish,Bugula plumosa, and the reef-building coralStylophora pistillatato elucidate either i) the importance of lifestyle and adaptation potential, and ii) the role of the genomic equipment and niche adaptation potential. Six complete genomes werede novohybrid assembled using a combination of short and long-read technologies. TheseParacoccusgenomes increase the number of completely closed high-quality genomes of type strains from 15 to 21. Pan-genome analysis revealed an open pan-genome composed of 13,819 genes with a minimal chromosomal core (8.84 %) highlighting the genomic adaptation potential and the huge impact of extra-chromosomal elements. All genomes are shaped by the acquisition of various mobile genetic elements including genomic islands, prophages, transposases, and insertion sequences emphasizing their genomic plasticity. In terms of lifestyle, each mobile genetic elements should be evaluated separately with respect to the ecological context. Free- living genomes, in contrast to host-associated, tend to comprise (1) larger genomes, or the highest number of extra-chromosomal elements, (2) higher number of genomic islands and insertion sequence elements, and (3) a lower number of intact prophage regions. Due to the vast number of adaptive genes,Paracoccuscan quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Explanations for higher-than-expected mortality from April 2021: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Douglas Margaret , McCartney Gerry , Walsh David , Donaghy Grant , Rae David , Wild Sarah , Ramsay Julie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to identify the explanations that have been proposed for higher-than-expected mortality following the first pandemic year, and any evidence to support or refute these explanations.IntroductionMortality rates have remained high compared to previous years, beyond the peak waves of Covid-19 mortality. Several explanations have been suggested for this. Identifying potential hypotheses and empirical studies investigating these is the first step before any further analytical work to investigate these trends can be undertaken.Inclusion criteriaThe scoping review will include papers proposing or investigating hypotheses for raised all cause or cause specific mortality, or reduced life expectancy, from April 2021 onwards compared to pre-pandemic levels. It will include papers on mortality in the whole population or any specific demographic sub-populations, in high income countries only, but exclude studies of mortality or survival following a healthcare intervention.MethodsA systematic search will be undertaken on Medline, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant articles published from 2021 onwards in English, with a similar search for grey literature on relevant government websites. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, then full text articles with disagreements resolved by discussion or involvement of a third reviewer. Data extracted from selected articles will include the setting, population, hypothesis/es proposed, study type and findings if relevant. Included papers will be tabulated against the proposed hypotheses with any empirical evidence and hypotheses summarised narratively.
A New Multiplex TaqMan qPCR for Precise Detection and Quantification ofClavibacter michiganensisin Seeds and Plant Tissue
Authors: Brochu Anne-Sophie , Dumonceaux Tim J. , Valenzuela Miryam , Bélanger Richard , Pérez-López Edel 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBacterial canker of tomato caused byClavibacter michiganensis(Cm) is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases affecting the tomato industry worldwide. As the result ofCmcolonization of the xylem, the susceptible host shows typical symptoms of wilt, marginal leaf necrosis, stem cankers, and ultimately plant death. However, is the ability ofCmto infect seeds and plants without causing symptoms what makes it an even more dangerous pathogen. Unfortunately, there are no resistant cultivars or effective chemical or biological control methods available to growers againstCm. Its control relies heavily on prevention. The implementation of a rapid and accurate detection tool is imperative to monitor the presence ofCmand prevent its spread. In this study, we developed a specific and sensitive multiplex TaqMan qPCR assay to detectCmand distinguish it from related bacterial species that affect tomato plants. TwoCmchromosomal virulence-related genes,rhuM andtomA, were used as specific targets. The plant internal controltubulin alpha-3was included in each of the multiplexes to improve the reliability of the assay. Specificity was evaluated with 37 bacterial strains and more than 120 samples, including otherClavibacterspp. and related and unrelated bacterial pathogens from different geographic locations affecting a wide variety of hosts. Results showed that the assay was able to screen allCmstrains against other related bacteria. The assay was validated on tissue and seed samples following artificial infection and all tested samples accurately detected the presence ofCm. The tool described here is highly specific, sensitive, and reliable for the detection ofCmand allows the quantification ofCmin seeds, roots, stems, and leaves, finding a lower abundance ofCmin the roots compared to the other parts of the plant. The diagnostic assay can also be adapted for multiple purposes such as seed certification programs, surveillance, biosafety, the effectiveness of control methods, border protection, and epidemiological studies.
Multityrosine Kinase Inhibitors Alleviate Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Non-Human Primates: A Novel Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Dell Steven , Nallakrishnan Ravi , Horn Gerald 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are leading causes of vision impairment worldwide. Both conditions involve retinal neovascularization and choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which can lead to severe vision loss. Current treatment options have limitations, necessitating the development of safer and more effective therapies. This study investigated the efficacy of Cabozantinib (CBZ), a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in a non-human primate model of retinal neovascularization. Laser-induced CNV was assessed, and CBZ demonstrated effectiveness in reducing CNV leakage and lesion area without intraocular toxicity. The inhibition of MET and VEGFR2 activation, involved in angiogenesis, is believed to be the mechanism of action. The findings support CBZ’s potential as a novel therapeutic agent for AMD and DR. Further investigations and clinical trials are warranted to evaluate CBZ’s long-term safety and efficacy in humans, as well as explore its effect on other pathways involved in CNV. The study supports the growing evidence that multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including CBZ and Axitinib, hold promise in the treatment of ocular neovascularization, particularly in conditions like AMD and DR.
Estimating the effect of board independence on innovation efficiency using research quotient: a quasi-natural experiment
Authors: Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Jiraporn Pornsit , Park Keun Jae 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Exploiting a novel measure of innovation, the authors investigate whether independent directors improve innovation efficiency. This novel measure of innovation captures the extent to which the firm generates revenue from its research & development and is, therefore, more economically meaningful. The authors also use a text-based measure of innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors rely on a quasi-natural experiment based on the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that compelled certain firms to raise board independence. The difference-in-difference analysis is far less vulnerable to endogeneity and is more likely to show a causal influence, rather than a mere association.

Findings
The results show that more independent directors improve innovation efficiency significantly. Specifically, firms forced to raise board independence experienced a much higher increase in innovation than those not required to change their board composition. The authors also explore another novel measure of innovation, a text-based metric of innovation.

Originality/value
The research is original in several ways. First, the authors take advantage of an exogenous regulatory shock as a quasi-natural experiment. This approach is far less susceptible to endogeneity. Second, the authors use a novel measure of innovation efficiency, i.e. research quotient, which is more economically meaningful. Finally, the authors use a unique measure of innovation derived from powerful textual analysis.
Machine learning algorithms applied to the estimation of liquidity: the 10-year United States treasury bond
Authors: Luque Raya Ignacio Manuel , Luque Raya Pablo 
Published: June 2023

PurposeHaving defined liquidity, the aim is to assess the predictive capacity of its representative variables, so that economic fluctuations may be better understood.Design/methodology/approachConceptual variables that are representative of liquidity will be used to formulate the predictions. The results of various machine learning models will be compared, leading to some reflections on the predictive value of the liquidity variables, with a view to defining their selection.FindingsThe predictive capacity of the model was also found to vary depending on the source of the liquidity, in so far as the data on liquidity within the private sector contributed more than the data on public sector liquidity to the prediction of economic fluctuations. International liquidity was seen as a more diffuse concept, and the standardization of its definition could be the focus of future studies. A benchmarking process was also performed when applying the state-of-the-art machine learning models.Originality/valueBetter understanding of these variables might help us toward a deeper understanding of the operation of financial markets. Liquidity, one of the key financial market variables, is neither well-defined nor standardized in the existing literature, which calls for further study. Hence, the novelty of an applied study employing modern data science techniques can provide a fresh perspective on financial markets.
Understanding financial professionals' perceptions of their clients' financial behaviors
Authors: Morris Tania , Kamano Lamine , Maillet Stéphanie 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis article describes financial professionals' perceptions of their clients' financial behaviors and the explanatory factors underlying these behaviors.Design/methodology/approachIn this qualitative research, the authors seek to understand financial professionals' experiences in relation to how their clients manage their own finances. The authors conduct and analyze 26 semi-structured interviews with financial professionals from several industries within the financial sector in Canada.FindingsThe professionals in this study noted that despite their clients' financial knowledge, several other factors can explain these individuals' financial behaviors. They include psychological factors (such as financial bias, the need for instant gratification, and the lack of awareness regarding the long-term effects of certain types of financial behaviors), financial habits (such as lifestyle, financial planning and lack of discipline) and the financial system's flexibility with respect to debt financing and repayment. These perceptions are categorized according to whether they are related to debt financing or repayment, savings or investments.Originality/valueBy using a qualitative methodology that relies on the perceptions of financial professionals, this study aims to better understand the financial behaviors of individuals and households, and these behaviors' underlying factors. This study's findings could be useful to various stakeholders interested, in one way or another, in financial literacy, such as organizations aiming to strengthen and promote financial literacy, educators, researchers, regulatory bodies of financial institutions and financial advisers.
Coaches and teachers co-teaching: exploring the challenges and support of co-teaching as a coaching activity
Authors: Saclarides Evthokia 
Published: June 2023

PurposeCo-teaching is a prevalent and productive coaching activity that coaches can leverage when working with teachers to support teaching and learning. However, there is insufficient research detailing how coaches can and should implement this coaching activity with teachers. Hence, the purpose of this qualitative interview study is to better understand the challenges that make co-teaching coaching cycles difficult for coaches to enact with in-service teachers, as well as the supports that can enhance the co-teaching experience for all involved parties.Design/methodology/approachFourteen semi-structured interviews were completed with one instructional coach and three elementary teachers in one school district in the USA. A combination of emergent as well as literature-driven codes was used to code the data.FindingsOverall, the participants pointed to six barriers they encountered when engaging in episodes of co-teaching, which spanned the broad categories of management and logistics, pedagogical dilemmas, and teacher learning. Furthermore, participants identified seven supports, spanning the broad categories of coach preparation, contextual factors, and management and logistics, that enabled them to productively engage in co-teaching.Originality/valueAlthough coaches may frequently engage teachers in coaching cycles involving co-teaching, there is a lack of research-based guidance for coaches about how to engage teachers most productively in co-teaching episodes. The findings from this study, which shed light on the challenges and support of co-teaching from one coach and three teachers, will enable coaches to more effectively co-teach with teachers as a form of high-quality professional development.
How the second largest shareholder affects cash dividends? An empirical study in China
Authors: Wang Qian , Tang Xiaobo , Liang Huigang , Xue Yajiong , Sun Xiaolin 
Published: June 2023

PurposeIn public firms, the largest shareholder can make decisions on cash dividends in favor of its own interests at the expense of other investors. While the second largest shareholder can actively participate in corporate governance and protect the interests of investors, its impact has not been fully understood. This research investigates how shareholding ratio and ownership type of the second largest shareholder moderate the relationship between controlling shareholder's shareholding ratio and cash dividends.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted econometrics analysis based on a panel data of China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2017.FindingsThe authors find that the controlling shareholder's shareholding ratio has a significant negative impact on cash dividends. However, this influence is conditional on the shareholding ratio of the second largest shareholder. The negative impact is weakened when the second largest shareholder holds a large proportion of shares or when the shareholding gap between the second largest and the controlling shareholder is small.Originality/valueThis research extends the existing literature by highlighting the nuanced moderating effect of the second largest shareholder on the relationship between the controlling shareholder and cash dividends, thus making a unique contribution to the understanding of corporate governances in the emerging financial market in China.
The impact of COVID-19 on the relationship between auditor industry specialization and audit fees: empirical evidence from Jordan
Authors: Alharasis Esraa Esam , Alhadab Mohammad , Alidarous Manal , Jamaani Fouad , Alkhwaldi Abeer F. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Motivated by the disastrous impact of COVID-19 on the world’s economies, the purpose of this study is to examine its effect on the association between auditor industry specialization and external audit fees, referring to two time periods: before and during COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative analysis based on the ordinary least squares regression is performed, using 3,200 company-year observations from 2005 to 2020 in Jordan to test the hypotheses. The qualitative component is a textual analysis of firms’ annual reports that support the quantitative analysis findings.

Findings
The analysis confirms there is a direct positive relationship between COVID-19 and external audit fees, confirming the tough consequences of the crisis on audit complexity and risks. While the results show evidence that the relationship between auditor specialist and audit fees is weakened because of COVID-19, the content analysis explained that COVID-19 led to fewer requests for high-quality audit, given the urgent need to report on firms’ financial circumstances. Jordan’s capital market is controlled by family businesses, and the insolvency of several large firms during COVID-19 led auditors to offer their services at low cost.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study have serious implications for policymakers, legislators, regulators and the audit profession, as they examine the arising difficulties during a period of economic uncertainty. The findings can help to improve laws that control the auditing industry in Jordan following the damage caused by COVID-19. As well, the outcomes can be extrapolated to other Middle East nations.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the authors believe that this research presents the first evidence on the influence of COVID-19 on the auditing industry.
User innovation in Iran: incentives and barriers
Authors: Sadabadi Ali Asghar , Rahimi Rad Zohreh , Mirzamani Azam 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This study first aims to survey the state of user innovation in Iran and then identified barriers and incentives for user innovation in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a questionnaire (through 1,360 adults from Iran) prepared by De Jong (2016) was used to survey user innovation.

Findings
The results showed: the percentage of user innovators is high in Iran, there is no linear relationship between the income of a country and the percentage of the user innovators, there is a positive relationship between the education level and the percentage of user innovators in Iran, there is no linear relationship between the number of people educated in the scientific and technical fields and the percentage of user innovators. Finally, based on surveying users opinion in questionnaire, four incentives and five barriers in user innovation were identified that can help policymakers to improve their innovation policies.

Originality/value
Literature review in this field showed it was found that in a number of developed countries, the issue of user innovation has been addressed, but in Iran as a developing country, no such research has been conducted so far. In addition, it was found that so far, no comprehensive research has identified barriers and incentives for user innovation, so this study, first surveyed the state of user innovation in Iran and then identified barriers and incentives for user innovation in Iran.