bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening health data governance: new equity and rights-based principles
Authors: Holly Louise , Thom Shannon , Elzemety Mohamed , Murage Beatrice , Mathieson Kirsten , Iñigo Petralanda Maria Isabel 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThis paper introduces a new set of equity and rights-based principles for health data governance (HDG) and makes the case for their adoption into global, regional and national policy and practice.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses the need for a unified approach to HDG that maximises the value of data for whole populations. It describes the unique process employed to develop a set of HDG principles. The paper highlights lessons learned from the principle development process and proposes steps to incorporate them into data governance policies and practice.FindingsMore than 200 individuals from 130 organisations contributed to the development of the HDG principles, which are clustered around three interconnected objectives of protecting people, promoting health value and prioritising equity. The principles build on existing norms and guidelines by bringing a human rights and equity lens to HDG.Practical implicationsThe principles offer a strong vision for HDG that reaps the public good benefits of health data whilst safeguarding individual rights. They can be used by governments and other actors as a guide for the equitable collection and use of health data. The inclusive model used to develop the principles can be replicated to strengthen future data governance approaches.Originality/valueThe article describes the first bottom-up effort to develop a set of principles for HDG.
Earnings quality, institutional investors and corporate cash holdings: evidence from India
Authors: Chada Swechha , Varadharajan Gopal 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between earnings quality and corporate cash holdings in an emerging economy. Existing literature posits that earnings quality is a result of information asymmetry and firms with lower earnings quality increases cash holdings, to shield the firm from future uncertainties. In this paper, the authors propose a ‘private benefits hypothesis’, which suggests that lower earnings quality is an indicator of opportunism and expropriation of resources in the firm, through tunneling or excessive executive compensations. As a result, firms with lower earnings quality increase cash holdings in their control, to increase their private benefits and to avoid the scrutiny of the external stakeholders. The authors further examine the monitoring role played by institutional investors on cash holdings, with varying degrees of earnings quality.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses an unbalanced panel data sourced from Prowessdx, from 2000 to 2019. The analysis employs 20,231 firm-year observations from 2,421 firms. Earnings quality is calculated following Dechow and Dichev (2002).FindingsEmpirical analysis confirms that the firms with higher earnings quality reduce cash. Further, institutional investors reduce the cash holdings in firms with higher earnings quality. Institutional investors effectively reduce the cash only in firms with at least 10% of equity shareholding. The results are robust to alternative measures of earnings quality and endogeneity concerns.Originality/valueThis study diverges from the information asymmetry hypothesis in the existing literature on earnings quality and cash holdings and highlights the underlying private benefits hypothesis, that will impact cash holdings. Next, the 10% institutional shareholding is important in the Indian context as it represents the minimum threshold at which block holders can request extraordinary general meetings (Section 100 of the Companies Act 2013) or the involvement of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) (Section 213 of the Companies Act 2013). This study highlights that unlike in Anglo-Saxon economies, institutional investors or other minority shareholders are empowered by the Companies Act 2013 to play a vital role in corporate governance with a mere 10% equity.
Increased frequency of clindamycin‐resistant Cutibacterium acnes strains isolated from Japanese patients with acne vulgaris caused by the prevalence of exogenous resistance genes
Authors: Koyanagi Sahya , Koizumi Juri , Nakase Keisuke , Hayashi Nobukazu , Horiuchi Yuki , Watanabe Kaoru , Asai Toshiya , Yamazaki Akiko , Nakazaki Emi , Nakaminami Hidemasa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCutibacterium acnes, a resident bacterium of the skin, is a target for antimicrobial treatment of acne vulgaris, because it exacerbates inflammation. Recently, antimicrobial‐resistant C. acnes strains have been isolated worldwide, and their prevalence has led to failure of antimicrobial treatment. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance of C. acnes strains isolated from Japanese patients with acne vulgaris who visited the hospital and dermatological clinics between 2019 and 2020. Resistance rates to roxithromycin and clindamycin increased during 2019 to 2020 compared with those during 2013 to 2018. Additionally, the proportion of doxycycline‐resistant and low‐susceptibility strains (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥8 μg/mL) increased. No difference in clindamycin resistance rates between patients with and without a history of antimicrobial use was observed during 2019 to 2020, which were significantly higher for patients with a history than for patients without a history during 2016 to 2018. The proportion of high‐level clindamycin‐resistant strains (MIC ≥256 μg/mL) gradually increased; particularly, the resistance rate was 2.5 times higher in 2020 than that in 2013. The proportion of strains showing high‐level clindamycin resistance that also have the exogenous resistance genes erm(X) or erm(50), which confer high resistance, showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82). Strains with the multidrug resistance plasmid pTZC1 encoding erm(50) and tet(W) genes were frequent in clinic patients. Notably, most strains with erm(X) or erm(50) were classified as single‐locus sequence types A and F (traditional types IA1 and IA2). Our data show that the prevalence of antimicrobial‐resistant C. acnes is increasing in patients with acne vulgaris attributable to acquisition of exogenous genes in specific strains. To control the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial‐resistant strains, it is important to select the appropriate antimicrobials while taking into consideration the latest information on resistant strains.
Haplotype‐based non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa via targeted capture sequencing of maternal plasma
Authors: Wang Jianbo , Gao Pengfei , Cao Qiaoyu , Chen Fuying , Song Jinghui , Wang Chen , Dou Jinfa , Wu Yiming , Niu Qiaona , Li Jianguo , Li Ming , Lu Daru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare and severe hereditary skin disease, caused by mutations in the COL7A1. However, whether non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) can be used for this monogenic genodermatosis remains unknown. Accordingly, we conducted a study in which one couple at high risk of having a fetus with RDEB were recruited and tested by haplotyping‐based NIPT. Next‐generation sequencing‐based multi‐gene panel testing was carried out in this couple and their first child as proband who was affected with RDEB. We deduced parental haplotypes via single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based haplotype linkage analysis. Then the maternal plasma cell‐free DNA was also sequenced to determine the fetal haplotypes using a parental haplotype‐assisted hidden Markov model (HMM) analysis. Results show that the fetus was only a heterozygous mutation carrier in COL7A1 and the identical results were obtained after birth. These results demonstrate that haplotyping‐based NIPT is a feasible method for NIPT of RDEB.
Island area and remoteness shape plant and soil bacterial diversity through land use and biological invasion
Authors: Xu Mingshan , Yang Anna , Yang Xiaodong , Cao Wenting , Zhang Zengke , Li Zengyan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Huaguo , You Wenhui , Yan En‐Rong , Wardle David A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Biodiversity is declining dramatically due to human‐driven land use change and biological invasion, but our knowledge of how such drivers influence plant and heterotroph diversity on island ecosystems remains limited. Historically island biogeography theory has focused solely on direct effects of island size and remoteness on biodiversity, but these factors can also indirectly affect species gain and/or loss through impacting land use change and biological invasion.

We built the structural equation model to explore direct effects of island size and remoteness, and indirect effects of these factors via land use intensity and pinewood nematode invasion, on the diversity of plants and soil bacteria across 37 continental shelf islands in the largest land‐bridge archipelago in eastern China.

As expected we found that increasing island area directly promoted plant diversity. However, land use intensity increased with island area which also promoted plant diversity, and loss of pine forest by the pinewood nematode invasion increased with island remoteness which reduced plant diversity. Island remoteness only indirectly reduced plant diversity through increasing pine forest loss. Soil bacterial diversity was directly negatively impacted by island remoteness, and indirectly negatively impacted by island remoteness through increased soil electrical conductivity likely caused by greater salinity from sea spray. Furthermore, soil bacterial diversity was indirectly promoted by island area through increased plant diversity and decreased soil electrical conductivity, and indirectly reduced by pine forest loss through decreased plant diversity.

Our findings highlight that island biogeography theory has relevance to understanding human impacts in the Anthropocene, and that there is a need to more explicitly recognizing how island size and remoteness affect biodiversity not only directly, but also indirectly via their effects on human‐induced drivers of biodiversity, such as land use change and biological invasion.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The effect of natural gas discoveries in Israel on the strength of its currency
Authors: Tavor Tchai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn light of the natural gas discoveries in the Mediterranean Sea and their impact on the Israeli economy, I must assess the change in the exchange rate and its impact on the foreign exchange market. There are numerous positive social impacts resulting from the gas discoveries including optimising Israel's energy security and its move to cleaner energy. However, not all of the consequences of discovering natural resources may be positive. One possibly negative outcome could be the well‐known phenomenon called the “Dutch disease” in which the discovery of a natural resource can cause a country's currency to spike. To investigate whether the strengthening of the Israeli currency in recent years is a symptom of the “Dutch disease” I used daily and intraday event study methodology to explore the changes in the real exchange rate of the Israeli shekel and the US dollar between 2008 and 2017, according to announcements related to the gas discoveries published during this period. In addition, I examined whether an increase in the real exchange rate was a result of the publication of announcements about natural gas harming the manufacturing and industrial sectors. I found that announcements related to gas discoveries did affect the real exchange rate and caused an appreciation of the Israeli shekel. Investors could analyse the announcements and achieve an abnormal return in the foreign exchange market. In addition, investors' expectations of an appreciation in the real exchange rate causes damage to various manufacturing and industrial sectors.
Getting back to normal? Identity and role disruptions among adults with Long COVID
Authors: Spence Naomi J. , Russell David , Bouldin Erin D. , Tumminello Christa M. , Schwartz Tatum 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLong COVID is a novel chronic illness with a variety of symptoms that people who have labelled themselves ‘long‐haulers’ experience for an extended duration following a COVID‐19 infection. We draw on in‐depth interviews conducted in March–April 2021 with 20 working‐aged adults in the U.S. who self‐identified as long‐haulers to understand the consequences for identities. The results demonstrate that Long COVID has important consequences for identities and sense of self. Long‐haulers described experiencing three stages of biographical disruptions: realising their illness experience as misaligned with sense of self and embodied, age‐based expectations; facing challenges to identities and changes in social roles; and reconciling illness and identity in the context of an uncertain prognosis. It remains unclear how long‐haulers will resolve biographical disruptions and identity conflicts, especially as scientific insights about this novel condition emerge. Such outcomes may depend largely on whether Long COVID remains a contested illness or medical knowledge progresses to improve their quality of life. For now, healthcare providers may approach Long COVID holistically to address the identity disruptions that long‐haulers face as they manage the consequences of this chronic illness.
Non‐gene‐editing microbiome engineering of spontaneous food fermentation microbiota—Limitation control, design control, and integration
Authors: Chen Liangqiang , Wang Guozheng , Teng Mengjing , Wang Li , Yang Fan , Jin Guangyuan , Du Hai , Xu Yan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon‐gene‐editing microbiome engineering (NgeME) is the rational design and control of natural microbial consortia to perform desired functions. Traditional NgeME approaches use selected environmental variables to force natural microbial consortia to perform the desired functions. Spontaneous food fermentation, the oldest kind of traditional NgeME, transforms foods into various fermented products using natural microbial networks. In traditional NgeME, spontaneous food fermentation microbiotas (SFFMs) are typically formed and controlled manually by the establishment of limiting factors in small batches with little mechanization. However, limitation control generally leads to trade‐offs between efficiency and the quality of fermentation. Modern NgeME approaches based on synthetic microbial ecology have been developed using designed microbial communities to explore assembly mechanisms and target functional enhancement of SFFMs. This has greatly improved our understanding of microbiota control, but such approaches still have shortcomings compared to traditional NgeME. Here, we comprehensively describe research on mechanisms and control strategies for SFFMs based on traditional and modern NgeME. We discuss the ecological and engineering principles of the two approaches to enhance the understanding of how best to control SFFM. We also review recent applied and theoretical research on modern NgeME and propose an integrated in vitro synthetic microbiota model to bridge gaps between limitation control and design control for SFFM.
Mandated but willing? Preferences and expectations among mandatory work from home employees
Authors: Gutworth Melissa B. , Howard Matt C. , Simonet Daniel V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe turbulent COVID‐19 pandemic offered the opportunity to examine employees who are required to work from home (WFH), which can provide significant implications given that some companies have adopted full‐time remote work even after COVID‐19 restrictions have lifted. The current study draws on psychological contract theory and HR differentiation theory to examine the interactive effects of WFH preferences and relational organizational practices such as perceived support, feedback, and information sharing in predicting burnout and turnover intentions. Multi‐wave, U.S. study results demonstrate that higher WFH preference employees are particularly responsive to these practices; they experience greater well‐being when they receive them, but they also seek alternative employment when they do not. Our findings provide insight into the full‐time WFH dynamics and suggest that fully remote organizations should consider not only effective management of employees, but also organizational practices that match employee preferences in times of turbulence.
Analysis of potential clinical management issues in unreported mortality data from an Australian health service
Authors: Qin Shane Shen , Vinluan Jessele , McCahy Philip 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously reported incomplete data submission to the Victorian Audit of Surgical Mortality (VASM) by a large health service. We have further examined the source health service clinical data to assess whether any clinical management issues (CMI) occurred and should have been reported.MethodsThe previous study identified 46 deaths that should have been reported to VASM. The hospital records of these patients were further analysed. Data recorded included the patient's age, gender, admission type and clinical course. Any potential clinical management issues were recorded and classified using the VASM definitions (area of consideration or concern, adverse event).ResultsMedian age of the deceased patients was 72 (range 17–94), with 17 (37%) being female. Patients were under the care of nine different specialties with general surgery being the most common (18/46). Only four (8.7%) of the cases were electively admitted. 17 (37%) patients had at least one CMI with 10 (21.7%) classified as adverse events. Most deaths were not considered preventable.ConclusionThe proportion of CMI in the unreported deaths was consistent with the previously reported VASM data, however current findings show a high percentage of adverse events. The underreporting may be due to inexperienced medical staff or coders, poor quality notes or confusion about what should be reported. These findings reinforce the importance of data collection and reporting at the health service level, and a number of important lessons and opportunities to improve patient safety have been lost.
Steriod‐associated psychiatric burden in cancer patients
Authors: Günther Moritz Philipp , Riemann Philip Maximilian , von Känel Roland , Euler Sebastian , Schulze Jan Ben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study explores the role of steroid administration in identifying distressed or even mentally disordered cancer patients (so‐called case finding). Charts of 12 298 cancer patients (4499 treated with prednisone equivalents) were analysed descriptively. A subset of 10 945 was further explored via latent class analysis (LCA). LCA avoids confounding by indication because it subgroups patients without prior preconceptions based on homogeneous expression of traits (i.e. the variables examined). LCA identified four subgroups: two subgroups with high dosages of prednisone equivalent (≥80 mg/day on average over all treatment days) and two with low dosages. The two subgroups with high average dosages had an increased likelihood of psychotropic drug administration, but only one was more likely to require 1:1 observation. In one subgroup, low dosages of prednisone equivlents correlated with a slightly increased probability for a psychiatric assessment and psychotropic drug administration. The subgroup least likely to receive steroid treatment was also the least likely to receive a psychiatric assessment and psychotropic drug administration. Descriptive statistics on age, sex, cumulative inpatient treatment, type of cancer, stage of cancer at first diagnosis, mental disorders, severe mental disorders and psychotropic drug administration (antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants/mood stabilizers, opioids) are provided for patients receiving no, less and more than 80 mg of prednisone equivalent.
Investment subsidies and redistributive capital income taxation in a neoclassical growth model
Authors: Rehme Günther 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow do investment subsidies bear on pure redistribution when coupled with capital income taxes? In a heterogeneous agent, neoclassical growth framework it is found that on impact, with no optimizing behavior, investment subsidies are good for growth but bad for redistribution. The opposite holds for capital income taxes. But when the government acts as a Stackelberg leader vis‐à‐vis the private sector (the follower), the optimal feedback policy is by construction time‐consistent and implies that in a long‐run optimum the tax scheme does not distort accumulation. This holds regardless of social preferences. For the feedback Stackelberg equilibrium I find that (pure) redistribution can go either way and capital income taxes are nonzero in the long‐run, time‐consistent optimum, depending on the social weight of those who receive redistributive transfers, the distribution of pretax factor incomes, and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution. It is argued that investment subsidies may be an important indirect tool for redistribution, and may allow for the separation of “efficiency” and “equity” concerns.
Beringia as a high‐latitude engine of avian speciation
Authors: Winker Kevin , Withrow Jack J. , Gibson Daniel D. , Pruett Christin L. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBeringia is a biogeographically dynamic region that extends from northeastern Asia into northwestern North America. This region has affected avian divergence and speciation in three important ways: (i) by serving as a route for intercontinental colonisation between Asia and the Americas; (ii) by cyclically splitting (and often reuniting) populations, subspecies, and species between these continents; and (iii) by providing isolated refugia through glacial cycles. The effects of these processes can be seen in taxonomic splits of shallow to increasing depths and in the presence of regional endemics. We review the taxa involved in the latter two processes (splitting–reuniting and isolation), with a focus on three research topics: avian diversity, time estimates of the generation of that diversity, and the regions within Beringia that might have been especially important. We find that these processes have generated substantial amounts of avian diversity, including 49 pairs of avian subspecies or species whose breeding distributions largely replace one another across the divide between the Old World and the New World in Beringia, and 103 avian species and subspecies endemic to this region. Among endemics, about one in three is recognised as a full biological species. Endemic taxa in the orders Charadriiformes (shorebirds, alcids, gulls, and terns) and Passeriformes (perching birds) are particularly well represented, although they show very different levels of diversity through evolutionary time. Endemic Beringian Charadriiformes have a 1.31:1 ratio of species to subspecies. In Passeriformes, endemic taxa have a 0.09:1 species‐to‐subspecies ratio, suggesting that passerine (and thus terrestrial) endemism might be more prone to long‐term extinction in this region, although such ‘losses’ could occur through their being reconnected with wider continental populations during favourable climatic cycles (e.g. subspecies reintegration with other populations). Genetic evidence suggests that most Beringian avian taxa originated over the past 3 million years, confirming the importance of Quaternary processes. There seems to be no obvious clustering in their formation through time, although there might be temporal gaps with lower rates of diversity generation. For at least 62 species, taxonomically undifferentiated populations occupy this region, providing ample potential for future evolutionary diversification.