bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulation helps shrink giant venous lakes and arteriovenous fistulas in dural sinus malformation
Authors: Saliou Guillaume , Deiva Kumaran , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Lubicz Boris 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundDural sinus malformations (DSMs) associated with high flow arteriovenous shunts are a challenging disease in babies that can lead to severe neurological damage or death. We report our treatment strategy in seven consecutive DSMs.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of seven consecutive patients from four centres, treated with transarterial embolization and anticoagulants.ResultsMean clinical and imaging follow-up was 2.8 years (IQR1–31.8–5.3). At baseline, the median size of the dilated venous pouch (giant lake) was 35 mm (IQR1–324–41) that decreased to a normal or near normal venous collector diameter of median size 11.5 mm (IQR1–38.5–13.8). This was achieved after a median of two embolization sessions targeted on dural feeders (IQR1–31.5–2.5), leaving associated pial feeders untreated. There were no cerebral hemorrhagic complications during the anticoagulation treatment. Median percentage of shunt remaining after embolization was 30% (IQR1–312–30), which spontaneously decreased with anticoagulation and even after discontinuation of anticoagulation, in parallel with the reduction in diameter of the dilated sinus, up to healing (or near healing). At the last clinical assessment, the modified Rankin Scale score was 0 in four patients, 1 in one patient, and 3 in two patients.ConclusionsAnticoagulants may help to potentiate transarterial embolization in DSMs in babies by decreasing venous dilatation and reducing the remaining arteriovenous shunt, particularly the pial feeders. We did not observe recurrence of arteriovenous shunts after treatment, especially during anticoagulation treatment. Further studies are needed to support our findings.
Tracheostomy in children is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation
Authors: Powell Jason , Powell Steven , Mather Michael W , Beck Lauren , Nelson Andrew , Palmowski Pawel , Porter Andrew , Coxhead Jonathan , Hedley Ann , Scott Jonathan , Rostron Anthony J , Hellyer Thomas P , Zaidi Fatima , Davey Tracey , Garnett James P , Agbeko Rachel , Ward Chris , Stewart Christopher J , Taggart Clifford C , Brodlie Malcolm , Simpson A John 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundTracheostomies in children are associated with significant morbidity, poor quality of life, excess healthcare costs and excess mortality. The underlying mechanisms facilitating adverse respiratory outcomes in tracheostomised children are poorly understood. We aimed to characterise airway host defence in tracheostomised children using serial molecular analyses.MethodsTracheal aspirates, tracheal cytology brushings and nasal swabs were prospectively collected from children with a tracheostomy and controls. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic methods were applied to characterise the impact of tracheostomy on host immune response and the airway microbiome.ResultsChildren followed up serially from the time of tracheostomy up to 3 months postprocedure (n=9) were studied. A further cohort of children with a long-term tracheostomy were also enrolled (n=24). Controls (n=13) comprised children without a tracheostomy undergoing bronchoscopy. Long-term tracheostomy was associated with airway neutrophilic inflammation, superoxide production and evidence of proteolysis when compared with controls. Reduced airway microbial diversity was established pre-tracheostomy and sustained thereafter.ConclusionsLong-term childhood tracheostomy is associated with a inflammatory tracheal phenotype characterised by neutrophilic inflammation and the ongoing presence of potential respiratory pathogens. These findings suggest neutrophil recruitment and activation as potential exploratory targets in seeking to prevent recurrent airway complications in this vulnerable group of patients.
A Review of the Use of 3D Printing Technology in Treatment of Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: LI Lily X. , KEDGLEY Angela E. , HORWITZ Maxim D. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly commercially viable for pre-surgical planning, intraoperative templating, jig creation and customised implant manufacture. The challenging nature of scaphoid fracture and nonunion surgery make it an obvious target. The aim of this review is to determine the use of 3D printed technologies in the treatment of scaphoid fractures.Methods: This is a review of the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases examining studies aimed at therapeutic use of 3D printing, also known as rapid prototyping or additive technology, in the treatment of scaphoid fractures. All studies published up to and including November 2020 were included in the search. Relevant data extracted included modality of use (as template/model/guide/prosthesis), operative time, accuracy of reduction, radiation exposure, follow-up duration, time to union, complications and study quality.Results: A total of 649 articles were identified, of which 12 met the full inclusion criteria. Analysis of the articles showed that 3D printing techniques can be utilised in myriad ways to aid planning and delivery of scaphoid surgery. Percutaneous guides for Kirschner-wire (K-wire) fixation of non-displaced fractures can be created; custom guides can be printed to aid reduction of displaced or non-united fractures; patient-specific total prostheses may recreate near-normal carpal biomechanics and a simple model may help graft harvesting and positioning.Conclusions: This review found that the use of 3D printed patient-specific models and templates in scaphoid surgery can improve accuracy and speed, and reduce radiation exposure. 3D printed prostheses may also restore near-normal carpal biomechanics without burning bridges for potential future procedures.Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Bioventing revisited: efficacy of enhanced biodegradation for sites with mobile LNAPL
Authors: Smith Jonathon J. , Gaito Steven T. , Koons Brad W. 
Published: February 2023

Bioventing is a remediation technology that enhances aerobic biodegradation of petroleum-affected soil in the vadose zone by introducing oxygen to the subsurface. Bioventing was historically considered effective for decreasing petroleum hydrocarbons concentrations in soil but discounted for sites where mobile light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) accumulated in wells. While the science behind bioventing has not changed, the conceptual understanding of LNAPL depletion processes and framework for evaluating the efficacy of LNAPL remediation technologies has changed markedly since the 1990s. This shift leads to a new perspective on the utility and effectiveness of bioventing compared to other LNAPL remedial alternatives.
A case study is used to illustrate that mass depletion by bioventing often outperforms hydraulic recovery over time. Biodegradation processes enhanced by bioventing deplete LNAPL constituents in mobile and residual LNAPL in the LNAPL smear zone, which means that bioventing can address a larger mass of LNAPL and may induce a beneficial composition change. Hydraulic LNAPL recovery technologies only access the mobile LNAPL and do not induce a composition change. Furthermore, for low LNAPL recoverability (transmissivity), bioventing typically uses less energy and produces less waste per unit mass of hydrocarbon removed than hydraulic recovery, making bioventing a more sustainable remedial technology.
Toward Interpretable Graph Tensor Convolution Neural Network for Code Semantics Embedding
Authors: Yang Jia , Fu Cai , Deng Fengyang , Wen Ming , Guo Xiaowei , Wan Chuanhao 
Published: February 2023

Intelligent deep learning-based models have made significant progress for automated source code semantics embedding, and current research works mainly leverage natural language-based methods and graph-based methods. However, natural language-based methods do not capture the rich semantic structural information of source code, and graph-based methods do not utilize rich distant information of source code due to the high cost of message-passing steps.
In this article, we propose a novel interpretable model, called graph tensor convolution neural network (GTCN), to generate accurate code embedding, which is capable of comprehensively capturing the distant information of code sequences and rich code semantics structural information. First, we propose to utilize a high-dimensional tensor to integrate various heterogeneous code graphs with node sequence features, such as control flow, data flow. Second, inspired by the current advantages of graph-based deep learning and efficient tensor computations, we propose a novel interpretable graph tensor convolution neural network for learning accurate code semantic embedding from the code graph tensor. Finally, we evaluate three popular applications on the GTCN model: variable misuse detection, source code prediction, and vulnerability detection. Compared with current state-of-the-art methods, our model achieves higher scores with respect to the top-1 accuracy while costing less training time.
Also in Crayfish: How Phytase Inclusion Avoids Phytic Acid Effects on Hepatopancreas Enzymes of Redclaw Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: Casaretto Matías E. , Stumpf Liane , Azcuy Rosendo L. , López Greco Laura S. , Colombatto Darío 
Published: February 2023

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary phytic acid on the enzymatic activities of the hepatopancreas of the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. For this purpose, a completely randomized in vitro trial was conducted with three phytic acid levels (0.56, 1.68, and 2.80%) and three phytase doses (0, 250, and 500 PU/kg DM). Solubilized protein, reducing sugars, and soluble phosphorus showed significant responses to the interaction between phytic acid and phytase

p
<
0.001

. Only the main effects were detected on the released amino acids, in keeping with the main effects of alkaline protease activity, which are negatively affected by phytic acid

p
<
0.001

and improved by phytase inclusion

p
<
0.001

. Differences in released reducing sugars were attributed to a reduction in amylase activity by increased levels of phytic acid and not to cellulase activity, where only a negative trend of phytic acid was found

p
=
0.068

. Phytic acid depresses calcium availability, which would explain the decrease in amylase activity. A 500 PU/kg DM dose improved amino acid, reduced sugars, and phosphorus release. These in vitro results might have in vivo implications for the digestibility of proteins, minerals, and energy. Further investigations are required to determine the chelated calcium effect on redclaw amylase activity, molting, and survival.
Reverse Translation Identifies the Synergistic Role of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and IL15 to Enhance Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Felices Martin , Wesley Erin , Bendzick Laura E. , Kodal Behiye , Hopps Rachel , Grzywacz Bartosz , Hinderlie Peter , Miller Jeffrey S. , Geller Melissa A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has changed the standard of care for many patients with cancer, yet no ICB is approved for ovarian cancer. We hypothesized that maintenance therapy with an IL15 “superagonist” (N-803) and ICB in combination could induce potent immune activation in ovarian cancer. Using flow cytometry, cytometry by time of flight analysis, and cytotoxicity assays, we analyzed patient samples from women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer treated with N-803 for indications of PD-1/PD-L1 upregulation with this treatment. In addition, ICB and N-803 were evaluated in preclinical studies to determine the functional impact of combination therapy on natural killer (NK) cells in vitro and in vivo. We observed that N-803 stimulated initial NK-cell expansion in patient samples; however, proliferation was not sustained beyond 2 weeks despite continued treatment. This result was reverse translated back to the laboratory to determine the functional relevance of this finding. The addition of ICB with an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity IgG1 antibody against PD-L1 (avelumab) or an IgG4 antibody against PD-1 (pembrolizumab) enhanced N-803 induced NK-cell function in vitro. Using models of human ovarian cancer and NK-cell adoptive transfer in mice, we showed enhanced antitumor control with N-803 and ICB, as well as a combination effect that enhanced NK-cell persistence and expansion in vivo. This work suggests that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade combined with IL15 signaling may overcome resistance to cytokine therapy in ovarian cancer.
Exploring the Relationship Between Efpeglenatide Dose and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From the AMPLITUDE-O Trial
Authors: Gerstein Hertzel C. , Li Zhuoru , Ramasundarahettige Chinthanie , Baek Seungjae , Branch Kelley R.H. , Del Prato Stefano , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lopes Renato D. , Pratley Richard , Rosenstock Julio , Sattar Naveed 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In the AMPLITUDE-O (Effect of Efpeglenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes) cardiovascular outcomes trial, adding either 4 mg or 6 mg weekly of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist efpeglenatide to usual care reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. Whether these benefits are dose related remains uncertain.

Methods:

Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to placebo, 4 mg or 6 mg of efpeglenatide. The effect of 6 mg versus placebo and of 4 mg versus placebo on MACE (a nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular or unknown causes) and on all the secondary composite cardiovascular and kidney outcomes was assessed. A dose-response relationship was assessed using the log-rank test and χ
2
statistic for trend.

Results:

During a median follow-up of 1.8 years, MACE occurred in 125 (9.2%) participants assigned to placebo, 84 (6.2%) participants assigned to 6 mg of efpeglenatide (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65 [95% CI, 0.5–0.86];
P
=0.0027), and 105 (7.7%) assigned to 4 mg of efpeglenatide (HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.63–1.06];
P
=0.14). Participants receiving high-dose efpeglenatide also experienced fewer secondary outcomes, including the composite of MACE, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina (HR, 0.73 for 6 mg,
P
=0.011; HR, 0.85 for 4 mg,
P
=0.17), a kidney composite outcome comprising sustained new macroalbuminuria, a ≥40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate or renal failure (HR, 0.63 for 6 mg,
P
<0.0001; HR, 0.73 for 4 mg,
P
=0.0009), MACE or any death (HR, 0.67 for 6 mg,
P
=0.0021; HR, 0.81 for 4 mg,
P
=0.08), a kidney function outcome comprising a sustained ≥40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal failure, or death (HR, 0.61 for 6 mg,
P
=0.0072; HR, 0.97 for 4 mg,
P
=0.83), and the composite of MACE, any death, heart failure hospitalization, or the kidney function outcome (HR, 0.63 for 6 mg,
P
=0.0002; HR, 0.81 for 4 mg,
P
=0.067). A clear dose-response was noted for all primary and secondary outcomes (all
P
for trend ≤0.018).

Conclusions:
The graded salutary relationship between efpeglenatide dose and cardiovascular outcomes suggests that titrating efpeglenatide and potentially other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to high doses may maximize their cardiovascular and renal benefits.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03496298.
‘Overcoming Modernity’, Overcoming What?: ‘Modernity’ in Wartime Japan and its Implication
Authors: Ichijo Atsuko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Overcoming Modernity symposium that took place in wartime Japan (in summer 1942) gained notoriety in the postwar period, as a centrepiece of wartime propaganda justifying and legitimising Japanese military actions across Asia. While the published proceedings of the symposium were not as widely read as its postwar notoriety suggests, the phrase ‘overcoming modernity’ certainly captured the zeitgeist of the time in which ‘modernity’ was questioned, debated and contested. The efforts to examine ‘modernity’ in the first half of the twentieth century in Japan were led by a group of philosophers and intellectuals often referred to as the Kyoto School of philosophy because the school mainly drew its members from the Philosophy Department of the Imperial University of Kyoto, but their efforts were not made in isolation. Questioning of modernity in the form of western civilisation had been gathering pace in the West since the end of the nineteenth century, which the members of the Kyoto School were all well aware of. This naturally leads to a few questions: What did the Kyoto School mean by ‘modernity’ in this intellectual climate? Does their ‘modernity’ justify their claim to have overcome modernity? The paper explores what the wartime Japanese intellectuals including the members of the Kyoto School understood as modernity and what they suggested as a way of overcoming it by examining two sets of symposia that took place between 1941 and 1942: the Overcoming Modernity symposium (1942) and the Chūōkōron symposia (1941–42). This examination has implications for theoretical debates on modernity, in particular, on the strengths of the multiple modernities thesis.
Synergistic Effect of El Niño and Negative Phase of North Atlantic Oscillation on Winter Precipitation in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Tang Xinxin , Li Jianping , Zhang Yazhou , Li Yanjie , Zhao Sen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study reveals that the significant increase of winter precipitation over the southeastern United States (SEUS) is associated with El Niño and the negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO−). Diagnosis of large-scale dynamics shows that El Niño and NAO− have a synergistic effect on the enhancement of transient eddies and stationary waves in the eastern Pacific, the southern United States, and the North Atlantic. These enhanced transient eddies are associated with subtropical jet stream acceleration and maintenance of subtropical low from the eastern Pacific to the Atlantic, influencing stronger stationary waves propagation from the tropical Pacific to the SEUS and North Atlantic, and from the northwestern Atlantic to the SEUS and Pacific. This favors a positive phase of the meridional dipole in geopotential height anomalies between the tropics and subtropics in the Western Hemisphere (WTSD) during the co-occurrence of El Niño and NAO−. The strong positive WTSD-like pattern, accompanied by a zonally extended and southerly shifted subtropical westerly jet, induces a northward-tilted secondary circulation with ascending motion over the SEUS and Gulf of Mexico. Simultaneously, an intensified trough over the SEUS promotes moisture and warm advection from the subtropical and tropical Pacific converging with cold advection from the northwestern North Atlantic in the adjacent Gulf of Mexico, which is beneficial for front and cyclone generation, and induces precipitation in the SEUS. This study suggests that the synergistic effects of El Niño and NAO− help to understand the variability of winter SEUS precipitation.
Large Traumatic Lumbar Hernia: A Difficult and Uncommon Problem
Authors: Heidorn Elise , Costa Margaret , Coots Abigail , Ong Adrian , Butts Christopher A. 
Published: February 2023

Lumbar hernias are congenital or acquired posterolateral abdominal wall hernias and are located in the superior or inferior lumbar triangle. Traumatic lumbar hernias are rare, and the optimal method to repair these is not well-defined. We present the case of a 59-year-old obese female who presented after a motor vehicle collision with an 8.8 cm traumatic right-sided inferior lumbar hernia and overlying complex abdominal wall laceration. The patient underwent an open repair with retro rectus polypropylene mesh and biologic mesh underlay several months after the abdominal wall wound healed, and the patient lost 60 pounds. The patient recovered well without complications or recurrence at the one-year follow-up. This case demonstrates a complex, open surgical approach to repair a large traumatic lumbar hernia not amenable to laparoscopic repair.
Prediction of Drivers’ Subjective Evaluation of Vehicle Reaction Under Aerodynamic Excitations
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sällström Erik , Sebben Simone , Jacobson Bengt , Amiri Kaveh 
Published: February 2023

Objective The objectives are to determine which quantities are important to measure to determine how drivers perceive vehicle stability, and to develop a regression model to predict which induced external disturbances drivers are able to feel. Background Driver experience of a vehicle’s dynamic performance is important to auto manufacturers. Test engineers and test drivers perform several on-road assessments to evaluate the vehicle’s dynamic performance before sign-off for production. The presence of external disturbances such as aerodynamic forces and moments play a significant role in the overall vehicle assessment. As a result, it is important to understand the relation between the subjective experience of the drivers and these external disturbances acting on the vehicle. Method A sequence of external yaw and roll moment disturbances of varying amplitudes and frequencies is added to a straight-line high-speed stability simulation test in a driving simulator. The tests are performed with both common and professional test drivers, and their evaluations to these external disturbances are recorded. The sampled data from these tests are used to generate the needed regression model. Results A model is derived for predicting which disturbances drivers can feel. It quantifies difference in sensitivity between driver types and between yaw and roll disturbances. Conclusion The model shows a relationship between steering input and driver sensitivity to external disturbances in a straight-line drive. Drivers are more sensitive to yaw disturbance than roll disturbance and increased steering input lowers sensitivity. Application Identify the threshold above which unexpected disturbances such as aerodynamic excitations can potentially create unstable vehicle behaviour.