bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Frontal Plane Projection Angle and the Dynamic Valgus Index to Identify Movement Dysfunction in Females with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Bolgla Lori A , Gibson Haley N , Hannah Daniel C , Curry-McCoy Tiana 
Published: June 2023

Background Clinicians typically measure the knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during a single-leg squat to identify females with patellofemoral pain (PFP). A limitation of this measure is minimal attention to movement of the pelvis on the femur that can create knee valgus loading. The dynamic valgus index (DVI) may be a better assessment. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the knee FPPA and DVI between females with and without PFP and determine if the DVI better identified females with PFP than the knee FPPA. Study Design Case-control Methods Sixteen females with and 16 without PFP underwent 2-dimensional motion analysis when performing five trials of a single-leg squat. The average peak knee FPPA and peak DVI were analyzed. Independent t-tests determined between-group peak knee FPPA and peak DVI differences. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined the area under the curve (AUC) scores for sensitivity and 1 - specificity of each measure. Paired-sample area difference under the ROC curves was conducted to determine differences in the AUC for the knee FPPA and DVI. Positive likelihood ratios were calculated for each measure. The significance level was p < 0.05. Results Females with PFP exhibited a higher knee FPPA (p = 0.001) and DVI (p = 0.015) than controls. AUC scores were .85 (p = 0.001) and .76 (p = 0.012) for the knee FPPA and DVI, respectively. Paired-sample area difference under the ROC curves showed a similar (p = 0.10) AUC for the knee FPPA and DVI. The knee FPPA had 87.5% sensitivity and 68.8% specificity; the DVI had 81.3% sensitivity and 81.0% specificity. Positive likelihood ratios for the knee FPPA and DVI were 2.8 and 4.3, respectively. Conclusion The DVI during a single-leg squat may be another useful tool for discriminating between females with and without PFP. Level of Evidence 3a
Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Lower Extremity Research
Authors: Zhang Yongni , Zang Yaning , Ren Jiayi , Guo Wenhao , Disantis Ashley , Liu Siyu , Martin RobRoy L 
Published: June 2023

Background A large number of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed for specific lower extremity orthopaedic pathologies. However, a consensus as to which PROMs are recommended for use in evaluating treatment outcomes for patients with hip, knee, ankle and/or foot pathology based on the strength of their psychometric properties is lacking. Objective To identify PROMs that are recommended in systematic reviews (SRs) for those with orthopaedic hip, knee, foot, and ankle pathologies or surgeries and identify if these PROMs are used in the literature. Study design Umbrella Review Methods PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, SPORTDisucs and Scopus were searched for SRs through May 2022. A second search was done to count the use of PROMs in seven representative journals from January 2011 through May 2022. SRs that recommended the use of PROMs based on their psychometric properties were included in the first search. SRs or PROMs not available in the English were excluded. The second search included clinical research articles that utilized a PROM. Case reports, reviews, and basic science articles were excluded. Results Nineteen SRs recommended 20 PROMs for 15 lower extremity orthopaedic pathologies or surgeries. These results identified consistency between recommended PROMs and utilization in clinical research for only two of the 15 lower extremity pathologies or surgeries. This included the use of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score to assess outcomes (HAGOS) for those with knee osteoarthritis and groin pain, respectively. Conclusion A discrepancy was found between the PROMs that were recommended by SRs and those used to assess clinical outcomes in published research. The results of this study will help to produce more uniformity with the use of PROMs that have the most appropriate psychometric properties when the reporting treatment outcomes for those with extremity pathologies. Level of evidence 3a
The Functional Movement Screen: Exploring Interrater Reliability between Raters in the Updated Version
Authors: Morgan Ricky , LeMire Steven , Knoll Lindsey , Schuster Emily , Tietz Cooper , Weisz Austin , Schindler Gary 
Published: June 2023

Background The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) was updated by adding the ankle clearing test and modifying the rotary stability movement pattern and scoring criteria. This updated FMS™ may be used to support clinical decisions for the well-being of athletes and active adults. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if the updated FMS™ has acceptable interrater reliability, so that various practitioners can utilize it with their patients. Study Design Observational Laboratory Study Methods Two licensed Physical Therapists (PTs) conducted the testing for the study. No warmup was allowed for the participants. Each participant underwent one FMS™ session while being recorded on video lasting approximately 15 minutes. Participants were allowed three attempts to complete each movement pattern with the best score recorded. The participants, 45 healthy active PT students, were taken through the FMS™ by a licensed PT and videotaped. The raters were four second-year PT students that observed and scored the FMS independently after videotaping was completed. SPSS was used for the interrater reliability analysis. ICC was calculated using a 2-way mixed model looking for absolute agreement. Results The interrater reliability was highest for the rotary stability test (ICC 0.96) while the deep squat was the least reliable (ICC 0.78). The total scores showed excellent reliability among the four student raters with an ICC of 0.95. The updated FMS™ produced good to excellent interrater reliability. Conclusion The updated FMS™ has acceptable interrater reliability between minimally, but adequately trained individuals. The updated FMS™ may be reliably used to assess risk for future injury. Level of Evidence 3
Implementation of 2D Running Gait Analysis in Orthopedic Physical Therapy Clinics
Authors: Barrett Tiffany , Ho Kai-Yu , Rasavage Justin , Wilson Micah , Goo-Tam Melissa , Trumbull Tristan 
Published: June 2023

Background Despite 2D motion analysis deemed valid and reliable in assessing gait deviations in runners, current use of video-based motion analysis among orthopedic physical therapists is not prevalent. Purpose/Hypothesis To investigate clinician-perceived effectiveness, adherence, and barriers to using a 2D running gait analysis protocol for patients with running-related injuries. Study Design Survey Methods Thirty outpatient physical therapy clinics were contacted to assess interest in participation. Participating therapists were trained on 2D running gait analysis protocol and given a running gait checklist. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to assess the implementation process by collecting a baseline survey at the beginning of the study, effectiveness and implementation surveys at two months, and a maintenance survey at six months. Results Twelve of the 15 responding clinics met eligibility criteria, giving a Reach rate of 80%. Twelve clinicians from 10 different clinics participated, giving an Adoption rate of 83%. For Effectiveness, the majority of clinicians valued having a checklist, and reported the protocol was easy to conduct, the methodology was reasonable and appropriate, and patients saw the benefits of using the protocol. Assessing Implementation, 92% performed all steps of the protocol on all appropriate runners. Average time spent conducting the protocol was 32 minutes. With respect to Maintenance, 50% reported continuing to use the protocol, while 50% answered they were not to continue use. Conclusion Clinicians expressed a perceived benefit of implementing a running gait analysis protocol with common themes of ease of use, being a useful adjunct to evaluating a patient, and increased satisfaction with treating injured runners. Potential barriers for not using the protocol included not having an appropriate clinic setup, time constraints, and not having adequate caseload. Level of Evidence 3b
Trunk, Mass Grasp, Knee, and Hip Muscle Performance in CrossFit Participants: Reference Values According to Participants’ Sex and Limb Dominance
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Luiza R , Resende Renan A. , Pogetti Livia S. , Santos Thiago R. T. , Faria Henrique M. P. , Chagas Mauro H. , Ocarino Juliana M 
Published: June 2023

Background CrossFit is characterized by a diverse range of exercises recruiting different muscles and requiring different muscle functions. A characterization of muscular performance parameters in this population is needed. Purpose To determine reference values for various aspects of muscular performance of muscles of the trunk, thigh, hip, and mass grasp in CrossFit participants. Also, this investigation aimed to compare the strength measures between male and female CrossFit participants, as well as between dominant and non-dominant limbs. Design Descriptive, Cross-sectional. Setting Laboratory. Methods Isometric strength of trunk extensors (TE) and mass grasp was measured with handheld and Jamar dynamometer respectively. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess the muscle performance of the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) (at 60º/s and 300º/s), and hip flexors (HF), extensors (HE), and abductors (HA) (60º/s and 240º/s ). Reference values for torque, work, power, fatigue, flexor:extensor ratio for the knee (hamstring:quadriceps - H:Q) and hip (HF:HE) joints were calculated. The torque and work values were normalized by the body mass. Mixed multivariate and univariate analyses of variance and independent t-tests were used for statistical analyses to compare between sexes and limbs. Results Participants included 111 individuals (58 males and 53 females) with at least one year of experience in CrossFit. Normative data are provided for the outcome variables. Males had greater values of muscular performance parameters than females in most variables (p<0.05). Also, the dominant limb had greater mass grasp strength (p<0.002), greater KE power at 60º/s (p=0.015), lower H:Q ratio at 60º/s (p=0.021) and 300º/s (p=0.008), and lower KE fatigue (p=0.002). Conclusion This study provides reference values for the trunk extensors, mass grasp, knee, and hip muscle performance in male and female CrossFit practitioners. Their muscle performance profile was characterized by few inter-limb asymmetries, and males demonstrated greater muscular performance outcomes than females, even after normalization by body mass. These reference values can be used for comparisons in research and clinical settings. Level of Evidence 3b
Measuring the Average Peak Timing of Kinematic Variables in Youth and Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Boland Mark , Zambanini Daniel , Mulligan Ivan , Donegan Sean 
Published: June 2023

Background Previous studies have examined the timing of peak kinematic variables during the pitching cycle in high school, collegiate, and professional pitchers. These same variables have been studied less in younger populations. Purpose To determine whether youth and adolescent baseball pitchers will experience peaks in certain kinematic variables at different times throughout the pitching cycle compared to professional/collegiate pitchers. Study Design Cross-sectional, descriptive study Methods Twenty-four participants were recruited for testing consisting of five recorded pitches using 3-Dimensional VICON® motion analysis system. The maximum values and timing of the peak kinematic variables were averaged across all trials using VICON Polygon® data analysis software. These values were recorded as percentages of the pitching cycle, defined from foot contact (0%) to ball release (100%). The following variables were examined: shoulder external rotation range of motion, shoulder internal rotation velocity, trunk rotation range of motion, trunk rotation velocity, pelvic rotation velocity, and stride length. Descriptive outcomes were calculated and results were compared to previous studies examining the same variables in collegiate and professional pitchers. Results Twenty-four male participants (mean age 12.75 years, SD ± 2.02) were included in the study. Mean and standard deviations were identified for peak kinematic variables of shoulder external rotation ROM (158.71°, ±9.32), shoulder internal rotation velocity (92.26 rad/sec, ±19.29), trunk rotation velocity (15.94 rad/sec, ±1.68), trunk rotation ROM (23.57°, ±8.14), and average stride length (81.97% height ±4.57). Additionally, mean and standard deviations of peak kinematic variables were expressed as percentages to reflect when they occurred in the pitching cycle and included trunk rotation ROM (8.45%, ±12.72), pelvic rotation velocity (33.26%, ±16.42), trunk rotation velocity (41.59%, ±9.27), shoulder external rotation ROM (71.34%, ±6.61), and shoulder internal rotation velocity (86.93%, ±6.45). Conclusion The sequential order of each variable was similar in youth and adolescents in comparison to collegiate and professional pitchers. However, the timing of each variable within the pitching cycle occurred approximately 10% earlier in the younger pitchers. The findings suggest differences in pitching mechanics exist between younger and more experienced populations. Level of Evidence Level 3
Vestibular Rehabilitation as an Early Intervention in Athletes Who are Post-concussion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Babula Gabrielle , Warunek Edward , Cure Katherine , Nikolski Grace , Fritz Heather , Barker Susan 
Published: June 2023

Background Sports-related concussions (SRC) are a common injury sustained by many athletes of all different age groups and sports. The current standard treatment is rest followed by aerobic activity. Minimal research has been done on the effects of vestibular rehabilitation for concussion treatment, especially in physical therapy practice. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of early intervention of vestibular rehabilitation (VRT) on an athlete’s time to return to play compared to rest alone. Study Design Systematic Review Methods Two searches were conducted (August 2021 and January 2022) using databases: CINAHL complete, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Wiley online database. One hand search was performed to find relevant articles. Search terms included “vestibular rehabilitation” or “vestibular therapy” and “concussion” or “mild traumatic brain injury” or “mTBI” and “athletes” or “sports” or “athletics” or “performance”, and “early interventions” or “therapy” or “treatment”. Inclusion criteria were athletes with a SRC, incorporation of vestibular rehabilitation in athletes’ recovery, and early vestibular intervention tools. Tools used to assess quality and risk of bias were the PEDro scale and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. The PRISMA method for determining inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Eleven articles were included, six randomized control trials and five retrospective cohort studies. Various balance interventions, visual interventions utilizing vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and cervical manual therapy were used during VRT for athletes’ post-concussion. Incorporating visual interventions and cervical manual therapy into early rehabilitation significantly reduced symptoms and time to return to sport. However, balance interventions did not have a significant effect on reducing time to return to sport when used as a sole intervention. Conclusion Addressing VRT deficits in the acute stages of a concussion may contribute to a quicker resolution of symptoms and a quicker return to sport. More research needs to be performed to determine the effectiveness of early intervention of VRT in concussion recovery. Level of Evidence 1
Urgensi Revisi Undang-Undang Tentang Wilayah Negara Indonesia
Authors: Adinegoro Ilham Pradana , Setiyono Joko 
Published: June 2023

<p><em>This study aims to find out the "gap" and "solution" regarding Indonesian territorial law using a case study of the Sipadan-Ligitan dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia. This later became a lesson for Indonesia to revise the country's territorial law, which is the aim of this research. Using qualitative analysis research methods with literature studies, it was found that until the last law regarding territoriality, namely Law Number 43 of 2008, there was no map image of Indonesia's territory which could be strong evidence of how Indonesia's territory should be, coupled with evidence in In the field there is no strong evidence that Indonesia has managed the two islands in historical records. Thus, the urgency to revise Indonesia's territorial law is needed to prevent similar incidents such as the Sipadan-Ligitan dispute from happening again in the future. Due to the existence of strong legal facts coupled with a strong legal basis regarding territoriality it will be very helpful in resolving territorial disputes such as Sipadan-Ligitan, so that events do not repeat where they lost the argument that led to the International Court of Justice then winning Malaysia based on the principle of effectiveness through evidence of activity administered by Malaysia.</em></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui “celah” dan “solusi” mengenai hukum kewilayahan Indonesia menggunakan studi kasus sengketa Sipadan-Ligitan antara Indonesia dengan Malaysia. Hal ini kemudian menjadi pelajaran berharga bagi Indonesia untuk melakukan revisi undang-undang wilayah negara, yang menjadi tujuan penelitian ini. Menggunakan metode penelitian analisis kualitatif dengan studi literatur, ditemukan bahwa hingga di dalam undang-undang terakhir mengenai kewilayahan yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 2008, tidak tercantum gambar peta wilayah Indonesia yang dapat menjadi bukti kuat bagaimana wilayah Indonesia yang seharusnya, ditambah dengan bukti di lapangan tidak terdapat suatu bukti yang kuat bahwa Indonesia telah mengelola kedua pulau tersebut dalam catatan historis. Urgensi untuk merevisi undang-undang wilayah negara Indonesia diperlukan untuk mencegah kejadian serupa seperti sengketa Sipadan-Ligitan terjadi lagi di masa depan. Adanya fakta hukum yang kuat ditambah dengan dasar hukum yang kuat mengenai kewilayahan akan sangat membantu dalam menyelesaikan sengketa wilayah seperti Sipadan-Ligitan, hingga jangan sampai terulang peristiwa dimana kalah dalam argumentasi yang menyebabkan <em>International Court of Justice</em> kemudian memenangkan Malaysia berdasarkan prinsip efektivitas melalui bukti kegiatan administratif yang dilakukan Malaysia.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"> </p><p> </p><p><em> </em><em></em></p><p><em> </em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p>
Implementasi Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Dalam Penyertaan Modal Sementara Dalam Rangka Restrukturisasi Oleh Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Irfany Muhammad Parsamarda 
Published: June 2023

<p><em>Sharia </em><em>b</em><em>ank in </em><em>i</em><em>ndonesia </em><em>have to</em><em> obey the prudential principle and sharia principle to keep people trust regarding that they have to implement their role as an intermediary institution. They did those obligations because they must deal with plenty of risks. When a financing faces some problems, Bank could save them by doing some actions. One of those actions is to do a debt-to-equity swap mechanism. The purpose of this research is knowing how the prudential principle </em><em>regulated</em><em> and measure what is the implications of the debt-to-equity swap mechanism.</em><em> </em><em>Based on the research that have done, the research implied that Bank</em><em> </em><em>action on taking the debt-to-equity swap action </em><em>have to </em><em>implement the prudential principle based on </em><em>OJK’s regulation</em><em>, this action turned the position of a Bank from a </em><em>c</em><em>reditor to a </em><em>s</em><em>hareholders. When they did a debt-to-equity swap to their debtor, the implication of this action was changing the position of the </em><em>b</em><em>ank form a creditor to a shareholder, hence making the </em><em>b</em><em>ank also being responsible for the condition of the investee. This action resulting more obligation to the </em><em>b</em><em>ank as a shareholder and made them for taking the responsibilities, furthermore the </em><em>b</em><em>ank must run their new role well.</em></p><p>Lembaga perbankan syariah di Indonesia wajib untuk mematuhi prinsip kehati-hatian dan prinsip syariah dalam rangka menjaga kepercayaan masyarakat mengingat perannya sebagai lembaga intermediasi. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk memitigasi berbagai risiko yang ada. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan merestrukturisasi pembiayaan melalui kegiatan penyertaan modal sementara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan prinsip kehati-hatian dalam kegiatan penyertaan modal sementara oleh bank syariah yang dilakukan dalam rangka mengatasi akibat kegagalan pembiayaan serta mengetahui implikasi yuridis dari kegiatan penyertaan modal sementara tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa penyertaan modal sementara yang dilakukan oleh bank umum syariah wajib menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian sebagaimana diatur oleh OJK, dikarenakan penyertaan modal sementara mengakibatkan perubahan kedudukan hukum bank menjadi pemegang saham, maka bank wajib menjalankan perannya dengan sebaik mungkin. Implikasi yuridis dari penyertaan modal sementara ini adalah perubahan kedudukan hukum bank dari kreditur menjadi pemegang saham sehingga mengakibatkan bank untuk turut bertanggungjawab atas keadaan <em>investee</em>.</p><p> </p><p align="center"><em> </em><em> </em></p><p> </p>