bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes: A Review
Authors: Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Perreault Leigh , Ji Linong , Dagogo-Jack Sam 
Published: July 2023

(Abstracted from JAMA 2023;329(14):1206–1216)
Prediabetes is a highly prevalent intermediate stage of glucose dysregulation that may precede type 2 diabetes. In the United States, approximately 10% of those with prediabetes will develop diabetes each year, and the prevalence of prediabetes is steadily increasing.
Durable Vascular Access in Neonates in the Cardiac ICU: A Novel Technique for Tunneled Femoral Central Venous Catheters*
Authors: Mills Marcos , Chanani Nikhil , Wolf Michael , Bauser-Heaton Holly , Beshish Asaad , Aljiffry Alaa , Zinyandu Tawanda , Maher Kevin 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES:
There is an ongoing need for a method of obtaining long-term venous access in critically ill pediatric patients that can be completed at the bedside and results in a durable, highly functional device. We designed a novel technique for tunneled femoral access to address this need. Herein, we describe the procedure and review the outcomes at our institution.

DESIGN:
A single-center retrospective chart review identifying patients who underwent tunneled femoral central venous catheter (tfCVC) placement between 2017 and 2021 using a two-puncture technique developed by our team.

SETTING:
Academic, Quaternary Children’s Hospital with a dedicated pediatric cardiac ICU (CICU).

PATIENTS:
Patients in our pediatric CICU who underwent this procedure.

INTERVENTIONS:
Tunneled femoral central line placement.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
One hundred eighty-two encounters were identified in 161 patients. The median age and weight at the time of catheter placement was 22 days and 3.2 kg. The median duration of the line was 22 days. The central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate was 0.75 per 1,000-line days. The prevalence rate of thrombi necessitating pharmacologic treatment was 2.0 thrombi per 1,000-line days. There was no significant difference in CLABSI rate per 1,000-line days between the tfCVC and nontunneled peripherally inserted central catheters placed over the same period in a similar population (−0.40 [95% CI, −1.61 to 0.82; p = 0.52]) and no difference in thrombus rates per 1,000-line days (1.37 [95% CI, −0.15 to 2.89; p = 0.081]).

CONCLUSIONS:
tfCVCs can be placed by the intensivist team using a two-puncture technique at the bedside with a high-rate of procedural success and low rate of complications. Advantages of this novel technique of obtaining vascular access include a low rate of CLABSIs, the ability to place it at the bedside, and preservation of the upper extremity vasculature.
Wolfram Syndrome-2, a Cause of Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Series and a Literature Review
Authors: Ateya Rania , Ciecierega Thomas , Abusamra Muttaz , Abuawwad Motee , Abu-Libdeh Abdulsalam , Sultan Mutaz 
Published: July 2023

Background:
There are very few reports of Wolfram syndrome-2 (WFS2) in the literature, and understanding of involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the syndrome is limited. Objectives: This study aims to describe the clinical presentations of a large number of WFS2 patients with specific focus on their GI manifestations.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series study. Patients who were homozygous for the CISD2 gene mutation were identified through the genetic department of Al-Makassed hospital. Their medical records were reviewed, and biometric data have been obtained. The data were collected and arranged on a data sheet, and descriptive analysis was done using SPSS.

Results:
Thirteen patients from 9 families were identified; diabetes mellitus was present in 6 of them, optic atrophy in 5, diabetes insipidus (DI) in 5, and deafness in 2. All of the patients had GI manifestations with abnormal findings on upper endoscopy. Dysmorphic facial features and abnormal findings on brain MRI were present in 3 of our patients. The GI manifestations including GI bleeding and severe ulcerations were the first to appear in 9 of them, while anemia in the remaining 4.

Conclusion:
This is the largest study to date describing patients with WFS2. This study’s evidence shows the prominent presence of GI involvement, and the severe findings on endoscopy, including duodenal, gastric, and esophageal ulcerations and strictures. Unlike in the Jordanian report, some of the patients in our report also have DI.
Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery in Major General Surgical Patients A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Jacka Michael J , Youngson Erik , Bigam David , Graham Michelle M. , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Jaeyoung Park Lily , Bendtz Kanstrup Charlotte Tiffanie , Nenshi Rahima , Bagshaw Sean M , McAlister Finlay , Pannu Neesh , Townsend Derek , McMurtry Michael S. , Devereaux Philip J. 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
to determine the prognostic relevance, clinical characteristics, and 30-day outcomes associated with myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) in major general surgery patients.

Background:
MINS has been independently associated with 30-day mortality after noncardiac surgery. The characteristics and prognostic importance of MINS in major general surgical patients have not been described.

Methods:
This was an international prospective cohort study of a representative sample of 22,552 noncardiac surgery patients 45 years or older, of whom 4490 underwent major general surgery in 24 centers in 13 countries. All patients had fifth-generation plasma high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) concentrations measured during the first three postoperative days. MINS was defined as a hsTnT of 20–65 ng/L and absolute change >5 ng/L or hsTnT ≥65 ng/L secondary to ischemia. The objectives of the present study were to determine (i) whether MINS is prognostically important in major general surgical patients, (ii) the clinical characteristics of major general surgical patients with and without MINS, (iii) the 30-day outcomes for major general surgical patients with and without MINS, and (iv) the proportion of MINS that would have gone undetected without routine postoperative monitoring.

Results:
The incidence of MINS in the major general surgical patients was 16.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 15.3–17.4%). 30-day all-cause mortality in the major general surgical cohort was 6.8% (95% CI 5.1%–8.9%) in patients with MINS compared with 1.2% (95% CI 0.9%–1.6%) in patients without MINS (P<0.01). MINS was independently associated with 30-day mortality in major general surgical patients (adjusted odds ratio 4.7, 95% CI 3.0–7.4). The 30-day mortality was higher both among MINS patients with no ischemic features (i.e., no ischemic symptoms or electrocardiogram findings) (5.4%, 95% CI 3.7–7.7%) and among patients with 1 or more clinical ischemic features (10.6%, 95% CI 6.7–15.8%). The proportion of major general surgical patients who had MINS without ischemic symptoms was 89.9% (95% CI 87.5–92.0).

Conclusions:
Approximately 1 in 6 patients experienced MINS after major general surgery. MINS was independently associated with a nearly five-fold increase in 30-day mortality. The vast majority of patients with MINS were asymptomatic and would have gone undetected without routine postoperative troponin measurement.
Complications After Uterosacral Ligament Suspension Versus Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation at Vaginal Hysterectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Stairs Jocelyn , Jain Mehr , Chen Innie , Clancy Aisling 
Published: July 2023

Importance
Apical suspension, including uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS) and sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF), is the standard of care at vaginal hysterectomy. Although the equivalence of anatomic and clinical outcomes after USLS and SSLF is established, comparing surgical complications specific to patients undergoing concurrent vaginal hysterectomy further informs decision making regarding operative approach.

Objective
This study aims to compare complications in the first 30 days after surgery in patients undergoing USLS and SSLF at vaginal hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse.

Study Design
This retrospective, population-based cohort study used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify patients undergoing USLS or SSLF at vaginal hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse between 2012 and 2019. The primary outcome was a composite of surgical complications excluding urinary tract infection (UTI). Odds of the primary outcome, readmission, reoperation, and UTI were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Of 10,210 eligible patients, 7,127 patients underwent USLS and 3,083 patients underwent SSLF. Uterosacral ligament suspension was associated with a 25% lower odds of the composite complication outcome that excluded UTI compared with SSLF (adjusted odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–0.90). Urinary tract infection was the most common complication and occurred more commonly in patients undergoing USLS (6.5% vs 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.56). There was no significant difference in Clavien-Dindo class IV complications, readmission, or reoperation between approaches.

Conclusion
Uterosacral ligament suspension was associated with a lower odds of complications excluding UTI compared with SSLF. Urinary tract infection was more common among patients having USLS. The odds of serious complications, readmission, and reoperation were low and comparable between groups.
Examining Age and Postoperative Opioid Use in the Urogynecology Population: A Prospective Study
Authors: Willis-Gray Marcella G. , Leazer Haley A. , Sun Stephanie , Feliciano Katherine M. , Dieter Alexis A. , Geller Elizabeth J. , Connolly AnnaMarie , Chidgey Brooke A. , Wu Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2023

Importance
Surgeons must individualize postoperative pain management while also reducing the amount of unused prescribed opioids.

Objectives
This study compared postoperative opioid use in younger versus older women following urogynecologic surgery. We also assessed the likelihood of women returning unused opioids for safe disposal.

Study Design
This was a prospective study of women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery divided into 2 cohorts: younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years). Our primary outcome was total opioid use, measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME). We also assessed the average pain score during the first week after surgery measured by a numerical pain scale (range, 0–10). Our secondary outcome was the rate of return of unused prescribed opioids at the 6-week postoperative visit utilizing a disposable drug deactivation system.

Results
From April 2019 to September 2021, 152 participants were enrolled: 92 (61%) in the younger cohort (mean age, 51 ± 8 years) and 60 (39%) in the older cohort (mean age, 72 ± 6 years). For our primary outcome, younger women used significantly more opioids during the first postoperative week compared with older women (49 ± 71 vs 28 ± 40 MME, respectively, P = 0.04), despite no difference in average pain scores (4 ± 2 younger vs 3 ± 2 older, P = 0.05). For our secondary outcome, 23% of participants returned their opioids for disposal with the drug deactivation system.

Conclusions
Younger women had higher postoperative opioid use despite similar pain scores after urogynecologic surgery. Among those prescribed opioids, a quarter of participants returned their opioids for disposal at their postoperative visit.
Status Cataplecticus Induced by an Abrupt Duloxetine Withdrawal—A Case Report
Authors: Cierny Marek , Feemster John , Hamid Mohsin , Battistini Humberto A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In persons with narcolepsy type 1, sudden withdrawal of antidepressants can cause status cataplecticus. We describe a 77-year-old female patient with long-standing history of narcolepsy type 1 complaining of recurrent short sudden episodes of whole-body paralysis, with preserved consciousness and memory. Episodes started an hour after her family invited her to celebrate Mother's Day. One week prior, patient had abruptly discontinued duloxetine. Cataplectic episodes resolved within 24 hours after resumption of duloxetine and treatment of hypokalemia. Status cataplecticus has been reported after withdrawal of venlafaxine, fluoxetine, and clomipramine. This is the first report of status cataplecticus due to duloxetine withdrawal. We review the pathophysiology of antidepressant withdrawal-induced status cataplecticus. In persons with narcolepsy type 1, physicians discontinuing any antidepressant should counsel on adverse effects of antidepressant withdrawal and reduce the dose in tapering manner.
Fundamental parameters governing the transmission of conjugative plasmids
Authors: Rodriguez-Grande Jorge , Ortiz Yelina , Garcillan-Barcia M. Pilar , de la Cruz Fernando , Fernandez-Lopez Raul 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBecause their ability to spread infectiously, conjugative plasmids represent a major route for the propagation of antibiotic resistances. In the wild, there are hundreds of different plasmids, but their distribution, prevalence and host range are extremely variable. To understand the reasons behind these ecological differences, we need to obtain precise models for plasmid transmission dynamics. Here, we show that the dynamics of plasmid transmission follow a simple ecological model known as Holling’s Type II Functional Response. Plasmid transmission dynamics can be faithfully captured using two parameters: the searching rate (the pace at which a donor bacterium encounters a suitable recipient) and the handling time (the time required for a donor to transfer the plasmid). By analyzing the dynamics of different plasmid prototypes, we show that these parameters are characteristic of the plasmid transfer machinery. Quantifying the dynamics of plasmid spread may shed light on the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance genes.
Transposable elements regulate thymus development and function
Authors: Larouche Jean-David , Laumont Céline M. , Trofimov Assya , Vincent Krystel , Hesnard Leslie , Brochu Sylvie , Côté Caroline , Humeau Juliette , Bonneil Éric , Lanoix Joël , Durette Chantal , Gendron Patrick , Laverdure Jean-Philippe , Richie Ellen R. , Lemieux Sébastien , Thibault Pierre , Perreault Claude 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransposable elements (TE) are repetitive sequences representing ∼45% of the human and mouse genomes and are highly expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC). In this study, we investigated the role of TEs on T-cell development in the thymus. We performed multi-omic analyses of TEs in human and mouse thymic cells to elucidate their role in T cell development. We report that TE expression in the human thymus is high and shows extensive age- and cell lineage-related variations. TE expression correlates with multiple transcription factors in all cell types of the human thymus. Two cell types express particularly broad TE repertoires: mTECs and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). In mTECs, transcriptomic data suggest that TEs interact with transcription factors essential for mTEC development and function (e.g., PAX1 and REL), and immunopeptidomic data showed that TEs generate MHC-I-associated peptides implicated in thymocyte education. Notably, AIRE, FEZF2, and CHD4 regulate small yet non-redundant sets of TEs in murine mTECs. Human thymic pDCs homogenously express large numbers of TEs that likely form dsRNA, which can activate innate immune receptors, potentially explaining why thymic pDCs constitutively secrete IFN LJ/β. This study highlights the diversity of interactions between TEs and the adaptive immune system. TEs are genetic parasites, and the two thymic cell types most affected by TEs (mTEcs and pDCs) are essential to establishing central T-cell tolerance. Therefore, we propose that orchestrating TE expression in thymic cells is critical to prevent autoimmunity in vertebrates.
A data standard for the reuse and reproducibility of any stable isotope probing-derived nucleic acid sequence (MISIP)
Authors: Simpson Abigayle , Wood Charlson Elisha M. , Smith Montana , Beilsmith Kathleen , Koch Ben , Walls Ramona L. , Wilhelm Roland C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDNA/RNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) is a powerful tool to linkin situmicrobial activity to sequencing data. Every SIP dataset captures distinct information about microbial community metabolism, kinetics, and population dynamics, offering novel insights according to diverse research questions. Data re-use maximizes the information available from the time and resource intensive SIP experimental approach. Yet, a review of publicly available SIP sequencing metadata reveals that critical information necessary for reproducibility and reuse is often missing. Here, we outline the Minimum Information for any Stable Isotope Probing Sequence (MISIP) according to the Minimum Information for any (x) Sequence (MIxS) data standard framework and include examples of MISIP reporting for common SIP approaches. Our objectives are to expand the capacity of MIxS to accommodate SIP-specific metadata and guide SIP users in metadata collection when planning and reporting an experiment. The MISIP standard requires five metadata fields: isotope, isotopolog, isotopolog label and approach, and gradient position, and recommends several fields that represent best practices in acquiring and reporting SIP sequencing data (ex.gradient density and nucleic acid amount). The standard is intended to be used in concert with other MIxS checklists to comprehensively describe the origin of sequence data, such as for marker genes (MISIP-MIMARKS) or metagenomes (MISIP-MIMS), in combination with metadata required by an environmental extension (e.g., soil). The adoption of the proposed data standard will assure the reproducibility and reuse of any sequence derived from a SIP experiment and, by extension, deepen understanding ofin situbiogeochemical processes and microbial ecology.
Association between the rifampicin resistance mutations and rifabutin susceptibility inMycobacterium tuberculosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Wenli , Zhou Hongjuan , Cai Long , Yang Tingting 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSome rifampicin-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) strains were susceptible to rifabutin (RFB) and may be amenable to treatment with RFB. We performed a meta-analysis of available cross-sectional studies to determine which RIF-resistance mutations were associated with rifabutin susceptibility. We identified studies through PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to June 1, 2023. Studies that met our criteria were those that investigatedrpoBmutations and reported phenotypic drug susceptibility for RIF and RFB. The relationship between RIF-resistance mutations to RFB-susceptibility was evaluated using odds ratio (OR). Twenty-five studies comprised 4,333 clinical RIF-resistant MTB isolates from 21 different countries met our criteria for inclusion. Of these isolates, 21.00% (910/4333) were susceptible to RFB. We found seven RIF-resistance mutations were high confidence (OR>10) in predicting RFB-susceptibility, which were D435V, D435Y, D435F, H445L, L430R, S441L, and S441Q. Among strains carrying these mutations, 83.01% (435/524) were susceptible to RFB. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of these strains revealed that they had low MIC (D435V, D435F, H445L, and D435Y) or were susceptible (S441L) for RFB and exhibited a significant lack of correlation between MICs to RIF and RFB. Mutations such as H445C, H445G, H445N, L430P, and L452P showed a moderate confidence (5<OR≤10) in prediction of RFB-susceptibility. Of these mutants, 62.16% (69/111) were susceptible to RFB. The most common RIF-resistance mutations S450L, as well as S450W, were associated with RFB-resistance (OR<1). These results provide a theoretical basis for molecular detection of RFB-susceptible TB and alternative treatment with RFB in MDR/RR-TB patients.
p53 amyloid pathology with cancer grades and p53 mutations
Authors: Sengupta Shinjinee , Singh Namrata , Paul Ajoy , Datta Debalina , Chatterjee Debdeep , Mukherjee Semanti , Gadhe Laxmikant , Devi Jyoti , Yeshwant M , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Maji Samir K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstractp53 mutation and amyloid formation are implicated with cancer pathogenesis, but the direct demonstration of the link between p53 amyloid load and cancer progression is lacking. Using multi-disciplinary techniques and a cohort of 59 tumor tissues (53 from Indian cancer patients and six normal tissues) of oral and stomach cancer types, we showed that p53 amyloid load and cancer grades are highly correlated. Further, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data suggest that not only mutant p53 (e.g., SNVs, deletions, and insertions) but wild-type p53 also formed amyloids either in the nucleus (50%) and/or in the cytoplasm in most cancer tissues. Interestingly, in all these cancer tissues, p53 displays a loss of DNA binding and transcriptional activities, which is highly aggravated with the amyloid load and cancer grades. The p53 amyloids also sequester higher amounts of p63/p73 isoforms in higher-grade of tumor tissues. The data suggest p53 misfolding/aggregation and subsequent amyloid formation lead to loss and gain of p53 tumorigenic function, aggravation of which might determine the cancers grades.
Basal expression of immune receptor genes requires low levels of the phytohormone salicylic acid
Authors: van Butselaar Tijmen , Silva Savani , Lapin Dmitry , Bañales Iñigo , Tonn Sebastian , van Schie Chris , Van den Ackerveken Guido 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe hormone salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in plant immunity by activating responses that arrest pathogen ingress. Since SA accumulation also penalizes growth, the question remains why healthy plants synthesize this hormone. By overexpressing SA-inactivating hydroxylases inArabidopsis thaliana, we reveal that basal SA levels in unchallenged plants are needed for expression of selected immune receptor and signaling genes, thereby enabling early pathogen detection and activation of immunity.
Distinct senescence mechanisms restrain progression of dysplastic nevi
Authors: Lorbeer Franziska K , Rieser Gabrielle , Goel Aditya , Wang Meng , Oh Areum , Yeh Iwei , Bastian Boris C , Hockemeyer Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTERT promoter mutations (TPMs) are frequently found in different cancer types, including approximately 70% of sun-exposed skin melanomas. In melanoma, TPMs are among the earliest mutations and can be present during the transition from nevus to melanoma. However, the specific factors that contribute to the selection of TPMs in certain nevi subsets are not well understood. To investigate this, we analyzed a group of dysplastic nevi (DN) by sequencing genes commonly mutated in melanocytic neoplasms. We examined the relationship between the identified mutations, patient age, telomere length, histological features, and the expression of p16. Our findings reveal that TPMs are more prevalent in DN from older patients and are associated with shorter telomeres. Importantly, these TPMs were not found in nevi with BRAF V600E mutations. Conversely, DN with BRAF V600E mutations were observed in younger patients, had longer telomeres, and a higher proportion of p16-positive cells. This suggests that these nevi arrest growth independently of telomere shortening through a mechanism known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). These characteristics extend to melanoma sequencing data sets, where melanomas with BRAF V600E mutations were more likely to haveCDKN2Ainactivation, overriding OIS. In contrast, melanomas without BRAF V600E mutations showed a higher frequency of TPMs. Our data imply that TPMs are selected to bypass replicative senescence (RS) in cells that were not arrested by OIS. Overall, our results indicate that a subset of melanocytic neoplasms face constraints from RS, while others encounter OIS and RS. The order in which these barriers are overcome during progression to melanoma depends on the mutational context.