bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls and Operational Strategy for Gen 3 Particle Pilot Plant
Authors: Laubscher Hendrik Frederik , Maldonado Luis Garcia , Alvarez Francisco , McLaughlin Luke P. , Schroeder Nathan R. , Albrecht Kevin J. , Sment Jeremy N. I. , Plewe Kaden E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive control strategy is necessary to safely and effectively operate particle based concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. Particle based CSP with thermal energy storage (TES) is an emerging technology with potential to decarbonize power and process heat applications. The high-temperature nature of particle based CSP technologies and daily solar transients present challenges for system control to prevent equipment damage and ensure operator safety. An operational controls strategy for a tower based particle CSP system during steady state and transient conditions with safety interlocks is described in this paper. Control of a solar heated particle recirculation loop, TES, and a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cooling loop designed to reject 1 MW of thermal power are considered and associated operational limitations and their influence on control strategy are discussed.
Construction of Short-Time Solutions in Heat Conduction
Authors: de Monte Filippo , Woodbury Keith A. , Najafi Hamidreza 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The concept of both penetration and deviation times for rectangular coordinates along with the principle of superposition for linear problems allow short-time solutions to be constructed for a one-dimensional finite body from the well-known solution of a semi-infinite body. Some adequate physical considerations due to thermal symmetries with respect to the middle plane of a slab to simulate homogeneous boundary conditions of the first and second kinds are also needed. These solutions can be applied at the level of accuracy desired (one part in 10A, with A = 2, 3, ..., 15) with respect to the maximum temperature rise (that always occurs at the active surface and at the time of interest) in place of the exact analytical solution to the problem of interest.
Using Radiant Heating System to Prevent Bridge Freezing
Authors: Abaza Hussein , Shenawa Amaal , Semmelink Scott 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bridge freezing before roads is a major concern in cold climates as it is a major cause for road accidents. Several active systems were made to prevent bridge surface freezing. These systems include several automated and complex systems such as automatic anti-freeze spray, using phase change materials in the concrete bridge’s deck, and imbedding heating system in bridge’s decks. These systems are usually expensive to run and operate and some of these systems have negative impact on the environment.
This research investigates using radiant heaters for maintaining the concrete temperature within the required limits. Several passive and active methods are used to maintain concrete temperature above the that of the adjacent road. Radiant heaters provide direct, instantaneous, and uniform heating to the bridge surface.
The Infrared radiant heating method was tested using an environmental control chamber. Two concrete samples were placed in the climate chamber that simulates cold weather. Thermocouples were used to record the surface temperature, the middle of the concrete samples’ temperature and the bottom of the samples’ temperature. Infrared camera was also used to measure and verify the concrete surface temperatures. The data analysis showed that concrete surface temperature dropped quickly and become significantly lower than the ambient temperature in the absence of solar radiation. However, introducing radiant heating brings the concrete surface temperature and the core temperature of the concrete samples to the required temperature in a short period of time. A comparison between this research results and other research that investigated the performance of other freezing prevention methods showed that using radiant heating to prevent bridge freezing is effective, economical, and can be applied to existing bridges.
Experimental Performance of a Nonlinear Control Strategy to Regulate Temperature of a High Temperature Solar Reactor
Authors: Alsahlani Assaad , Ozalp Nesrin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Despite the significant potential of solar thermochemical process technology for storing solar energy as solid-state solar fuel, several challenges have made its industrial application difficult. It is important to note that solar energy has a transient nature that causes instability and reduces process efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to implement a robust control system to regulate the process temperature and tackle the shortage of incoming solar energy during cloudy weather. In our previous works, different model-based control strategies were developed namely a Proportional Integral Derivative controller (PID) with gain scheduling and adaptive Model Predictive Control (MPC). These methods were tested numerically to regulate the temperature inside a high temperature tubular solar reactor. In this work, the proposed control strategies were experimentally tested under various operation conditions. The controllers were challenged to track different setpoints (500°C, 1000°C, and 1450°C) with different amounts of gas/particles flowrates. Additionally, the flow controller was tested to regulate the reactor temperature under a cloudy weather scenario. The ultimate goal was to produced 5 kg of reduced solar fuel magnesium manganese oxide (MgMn2O4) successfully, and the controllers were able to track the required process temperature and reject disturbances despite the system’s strong nonlinearity. The experimental results showed a maximum error in the temperature setpoint of less than 0.5% (6°C), and the MPC controller demonstrated superior performance in reducing the control effort and rejecting disturbances.
A 3D Heat Transfer Model of a Glass Additive Manufacturing Process
Authors: Jibben Zechariah , Raghavan Narendran , Bernardin John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Glass additive manufacturing is an emerging technology for the printing of complex glass structures. In one such system, a glass filament is fed onto a glass slide and heated by a laser to working temperatures. We present a 3D heat transfer model of this glass AM system (GLAMS), using the open source multi-physics modeling program Truchas. This model relies on a mimetic finite difference discretization of the heat conduction equation on static unstructured meshes. The effects of laser heat flux, thermal radiation, convection, and changing thermal contact in the system are incorporated via boundary conditions and internal interface conditions. Such modeling gives us insight into behavior that is difficult or impossible to measure in the laboratory, such as temperatures and thermal gradients interior to the glass. Results are shown for thermal gradients, heatup and cooldown times, steady-state temperatures, and a sensitivity analysis of the process. We analyze the melt region at steady-state, showing the dominant mode of heat transfer is thermal conductivity, while radiation and convection are relatively insignificant. The time needed to reach steady state under laser heating is found to scale linearly with laser power and spot size within the processing range. Results are also compared against experimental thermal camera readings of prints with soda lime and borosilicate glasses.
Thermal Buoyancy Effect on Wake-Induced Vibration of a Cylinder Submerged in the Wake of a Stationary Cylinder
Authors: Khan Hamid H. , Islam Md. , Janajreh Isam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This work numerically investigates the thermal buoyancy effect on the wake-induced vibration of a heated cylinder submerged in the wake of a stationary cylinder. Simulations are performed at Richardson number Ri = [0, 1], Prandtl number Pr = 7.1 and Reynolds number Re = 100. The downstream cylinder is elastically mounted in transverse direction with reduced velocity Ur = 4–20. The mass ratio is set to 2 and the damping coefficient is considered zero to attain maximum oscillation. The thermal buoyancy effect on wake-induced vibration is illustrated through flow structures, heat transfer and oscillation amplitude. Thermal buoyancy influences the flow around a cylinder and suppresses the oscillation amplitude. Multiple heated cylinders in close proximity may suffer fatigue failures or structural damage. The present findings could increase the structural durability of heated cylinders.
Heat Transfer Characteristics According to Inner Pipe in a Gas Turbine Vane Internal Passage
Authors: Heo Jeonghun , Lee Hee Jae , Kim Taehyun , Kim Gyeongryun , Lee Changyong , Cho Hyung Hee 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The use of an inner pipe within internal passages of gas turbine vanes has been proposed as a solution to address the issue of secondary air supply to the vane hub. This study investigates the effect of the inner pipe on heat transfer of the internal passage. An experiment using the naphthalene sublimation method is performed to acquire local heat/mass transfer coefficients for Reynolds numbers of 20,000, 40,000, and 60,000. Two configurations of square channels are analyzed: base case and inner pipe case. The flow structure of the channel was also analyzed through a numerical simulation method. The presence of the pipe changes flow patterns by the regeneration of swirling flow motion and the expansion of vortices, increasing heat transfer. In the upstream region (x/Dh &lt; 7.8), the heat transfer patterns are similar between the cases, despite a slight increase in values. However, in the downstream region (x/Dh&gt;8), which includes the fully developed region of the channel flow, a tremendous increase in the heat transfer between the two cases is observed. Overall, the study concludes that the use of an inner pipe in internal passage of gas turbine vanes can enhance heat transfer on the surface.
Experimental Analysis of Single Evaporation Tube Utilizing Sintered Copper Particle Wicking Structures
Authors: Spitzenberger Jeremy , Hoelle James , Mohammed Ramy H. , Ismael Laith , Ma Hongbin , Wang Pengtao , Kowalski Stephen , Nawaz Kashif 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Wicking structures have been widely used within passive heat transfer devices with high heat fluxes, such as heat pipes, to enhance their thermal performance. While wicking structures promote capillary pumping of the working fluid as well as thin film evaporation, they can result in capillary evaporation and further enhances the evaporation heat transfer. In this study, a 0.5 mm thick layer of 105 μm sintered copper particles was added to the inner wall of a copper tube, aiming to enhance the heat transfer characteristics by taking advantage of capillary evaporation. Acetone was chosen as the working fluid, and the performance of an evaporation tube was tested for power inputs of 10, 30, 50, and 70 W. For each power input, trials were run at inclination angle varying from −90° and 90° to investigate the capillary effects. The temperature measurements showed that the temperature distribution along the evaporation tube is always downward sloping, meaning the temperature at the fluid inlet is larger than the outlet. Interestingly, the surface temperature at some locations is less than the outlet temperature, indicating the effect of capillary evaporation. In addition, a theoretical investigation was performed to investigate the effects of the particle size on the thermal performance of the evaporation tube and found that particle sizes affect capillary evaporation.
Experimental Study on the Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Horizontal Tubes With Composite Structure
Authors: Lin Yuhao , Wang Jacheng , Wang Xu , Li Wei , Sherif S. A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To fill the research gap in the study of R410A flow boiling on composite surfaces, four heat exchange tubes with different structures were tested: an enhanced tube with herringbone teeth (EHT_HB), a tube with a dimple structure (EHT_DIM), a tube with a composite herringbone tooth/dimple (EHT_HB/DIM), and a smooth tube for comparison with a baseline. The experimental conditions were set as follows: saturation temperature 279K, mass flux range of 50–205 kg/(m2.s), and vapor quality 0.2–0.8. After confirming the validity of the experimental results, the effect of the mass flux on the flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics were examined. Results showed that the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increased with the increase of the mass flux and the vapor quality in the tested tubes. The EHT_HB/DIM tube was found to combine the advantages of the two structures to have the highest heat transfer coefficient. The average value was found to be 43.75% higher than that of the smooth tube. Meanwhile, the average flow boiling heat transfer coefficients of the EHT_HB tube and the EHT_DIM tube were found to be 1.15 and 1.35 times that of the smooth tube, respectively. From the perspective of frictional pressure drop, it was concluded that the EHT_HB/DIM tube exhibited the maximum frictional pressure drop. The optimum working conditions of the enhanced tubes were determined by introducing a performance factor that captures the combined effects of the heat transfer and pressure drop.
Effect of Inner Fin Tube Structure on Comprehensive Performance of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Lead Bismuth Eutectic Heat Exchanger
Authors: Liu Shuhan , Liu Ji'an , Liu Qingjiang , Lei Xianliang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the combined system of lead cooled fast reactor (LFR) and supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle, the intermediate heat exchanger plays a key role in the whole power system. However, the existing heat exchanger can not meet the trend of miniaturization of lead cooled fast reactor. Considering the thermo-physical properties and heat transfer behaviors in both S-CO2 and liquid lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) are significantly different, an asymmetric compact coupled heat exchanger learning from Honeycomb structure is proposed. Through numerical simulation, it is found that the thermal resistance mainly exists in the cold side. In order to enhance the heat transfer at the S-CO2 side, the fin tube is adopted at the cold side. The results show that the heat transfer performance and friction factor of the heat exchanger increase with the increase of fin height, width and number of fins due to the increase of heat transfer area. When the fin height is increased, PEC gradually increases at low inlet velocity, and then decreases at high inlet velocity; When the fin width is increased, PEC increases first and then decreases at low inlet velocity, and decreases gradually at high inlet velocity; With the increase of the number of fins, PEC showed an increasing trend at different inlet velocities.
Improving the Accuracy of Experimentally Inferred Heat Transfer Coefficients for Hot Stamping
Authors: Singh Arpan Raj , Butcher Cliff , Daun Kyle J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hot stamping of ultra-high strength automotive parts requires accurate knowledge of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) between the blank and tool, since this parameter governs the quenching rate, which, in turn, determines the strength and hardness of the formed part. Inverse heat conduction analysis of subsurface temperature measurements within the die, coupled with temperature measurements made on the blank, appears to be an effective way to infer the HTC, but the ill-posed aspect of this inverse problem sensitizes the HTC to small experimental artifacts. This paper examines how thermocouple installation in the blank and the die can bias the inferred HTC, and suggests techniques that may be used to obtain a reliable HTC estimate.
Infants exposed
in utero
to Hurricane Maria have gut microbiomes with reduced diversity and altered metabolic capacity
Authors: Zhang Ai , de Ángel Solá David , Acevedo Flores Midnela , Cao Lijuan , Wang Leran , Kim Josh G. , Tarr Phillip I. , Warner Barbara B. , Rosario Matos Nicolás , Wang Leyao 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The gut microbiome is a potentially important mechanism that links prenatal disaster exposures with increased disease risks. However, whether prenatal disaster exposures are associated with alterations in the infant’s gut microbiome remains unknown. We established a birth cohort study named Hurricane as the Origin of Later Alterations in Microbiome (HOLA) after Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico in 2017. We enrolled vaginally born Latino term infants aged 2 to 6 months, including
n
= 29 infants who were exposed
in utero
to Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and
n
= 34 infants who were conceived at least 5 months after the hurricane as controls. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on infant stool swabs. Infants exposed
in utero
to Hurricane Maria had a reduced diversity in their gut microbiome compared to the control infants, which was mainly seen in the exclusively formula-fed group (
P
= 0.02). Four bacterial species, including
Bacteroides vulgatus
,
Clostridium innocuum
,
Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum
, and
Clostridium neonatale
, were depleted in the exposure group compared to the control group. Compositional differences in the microbial community and metabolic genes between the exposure and control groups were significant, which were driven by the formula feeding group (
P
= 0.02 for the microbial community and
P
= 0.008 for the metabolic genes). Metabolic modules involved in carbohydrate metabolism were reduced in the exposure group. Prenatal maternal exposure to Hurricane Maria was associated with a reduced gut commensal and an altered microbial composition and metabolic potential in the offspring’s gut. Breastfeeding can adjust the composition of the gut microbiomes of exposed infants.

IMPORTANCE
Climate change is a serious issue that is affecting human health. With more frequent and intense weather disasters due to climate change, there is an urgent need to evaluate and understand the impacts of prenatal disaster exposures on the offspring. The prenatal stage is a particularly vulnerable stage for disease origination. However, the impact of prenatal weather disaster exposures on the offspring’s gut microbiome has not been evaluated. Our HOLA study starts to fill this knowledge gap and provides novel insights into the microbiome as a mechanism that links prenatal disaster exposures with elevated disease risks. Our major finding that reduced microbial diversity and altered metabolic capacity are associated with prenatal hurricane exposures warrants further studies to evaluate the impact of weather disasters on the unborn.
A putative lipase affects
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilm matrix production
Authors: Pan Somalisa , Erdmann Mary , Terrell Julia , Cabeen Matthew T. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogen that is widely known for infecting patients with underlying conditions. This species often survives antibiotic therapy by forming biofilms, in which the cells produce a protective extracellular matrix.
P. aeruginosa
also produces virulence factors that enhance its ability to cause disease. One signaling pathway that influences virulence is the nitrogen-related phosphotransferase system (Nitro-PTS), which consists of an initial phosphotransferase,
PtsP
, a phosphocarrier, PtsO, and a terminal phosphate receptor, PtsN. The physiological role of the Nitro-PTS in
P. aeruginosa
is poorly understood. However, PtsN, when deprived of its upstream phosphotransfer proteins, has an antagonistic effect on biofilm formation. We thus conducted a transposon mutagenesis screen in an unphosphorylated-PtsN (i.e., ∆
ptsP
) background to identify downstream proteins with unacknowledged roles in PtsN-mediated biofilm suppression. We found an unstudied gene,
PA14_04030
, whose disruption restored biofilm production. This gene encodes a predicted phospholipase with signature alpha/beta hydrolase folds and a lipase signature motif with an active-site Ser residue. Hence, we renamed the gene
bipL
, for
b
iofilm-
i
mpacting
p
hospho
l
ipase. Deletion of
bipL
in a ∆
ptsP
background increased biofilm formation, supporting the idea that BipL is responsible for reducing biofilm formation in strains with unphosphorylated PtsN. Moreover, substituting the putative catalytic Ser for Ala phenocopied
bipL
deletion, indicating that this residue is important for the biofilm-suppressive activity of BipL
in vivo
. As our preliminary data suggest that BipL is a lipase, we performed lipidomics to detect changes in the lipid profile due to
bipL
deletion and found changes in some lipid species.

IMPORTANCE

Biofilm formation by bacteria occurs when cells secrete an extracellular matrix that holds them together and shields them from environmental insults. Biofilms of bacterial opportunistic human pathogens such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
pose a substantial challenge to clinical antimicrobial therapy. Hence, a more complete knowledge about the bacterial factors that influence and regulate production of the biofilm matrix is one key to formulate more effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we screen for factors that are important for reducing biofilm matrix production in certain genetic backgrounds. We unexpectedly found a gene encoding a putative lipase enzyme and showed that its predicted catalytic site is important for its ability to reduce biofilm formation. Our findings suggest that lipase enzymes have previously uncharacterized functions in biofilm matrix regulation.
Immunophenotypic Characterization of Citrate-Containing A Concentrates in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Pre-Post Study
Authors: Shen Yuli , Schmaderer Christoph , Ossadnik Andreas , Hammitzsch Arianne , Carbajo-Lozoya Javier , Bachmann Quirin , Bonell Vera , Braunisch Matthias Christoph , Heemann Uwe , Pham Dang , Kemmner Stephan , Lorenz Georg 
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Due to chronic inflammation, maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients continue to show excess mortality. Acetate-free citrate-buffered A concentrates could be a way to improve the biocompatibility of the procedure, reduce chronic inflammation, and thus in the long term improve the prognosis of patients. Methods. Using a pre-post design (3 months of acetate followed by 3 months of citrate-acidified A concentrates in standard bicarbonate-based dialysate hemodialysis, CiaHD) and linear mixed model analysis in 61 stable HD patients, we assessed the impact of CiaHD on counts and phenotypes of peripheral T cells and monocytes by flow cytometry. Results. Switching to CiaHD left C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and leucocyte counts unaffected. However, CiaHD increased lymphocyte counts ex vivo. Furthermore, we found a decrease in total CD3+CD4+CD69+ ((109/L), mean ± SD: acetate, 0.04 ± 1.0 versus citrate, 0.02 ± 0.01;

P

= 0.02) activated cells, while the number of CD28+ T cells remained stable. No differences were noted regarding T-cell exhaustion marker expression, CD14+CD16+ monocyte counts, and PMN-MDSCs. Conclusion. Compared with acetate, CiaHD has a minor impact on lymphocyte counts and CD4+T-cell activation, which was independent of systemic CRP and ionized magnesium, calcium levels, and other dialysis prescription modalities.