bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Head and Neck Cancer Evolution to Guide Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: O’Leary Ben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study of cancer evolution continues to deliver novel insights into the biology driving cancer. International consortia working on large genome sequencing initiatives have now provided an outline of the genomic landscape for many cancers. This vast resource of genomic data has also allowed the development of advanced computational tools revealing biology shaping genomic changes. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is represented within the international consortia projects, though there remains only modest whole genome data and data from human papillomavirus-related cancers. Data for recurrent HNSCC and longitudinal data from patients treated with therapy are lacking and should be a priority for the community. This review will discuss the available resources and approaches for understanding HNSCC evolution, and consider how this might be applied to the clinical paradigm and used to develop the next generation of clinical trials.
Treatment De-Escalation of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer—Lessons Learnt from Recent Trials
Authors: Mehanna Hisham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer demonstrates better outcomes with significantly longer survival outcomes than HPV-negative disease, leading to calls and trials on de-escalation of treatment, in an attempt to reduce morbidity of treatment. However, the results of recent trials show that de-escalation, especially the removal or replacement of cisplatin, may have detrimental effects on survival. We discuss the lessons learnt from the first de-escalation trials, including the need for highly-regulated phase II trials when testing new de-escalation strategies, before proceeding to phase III trials, and the exploration of ‘harm-minimisation’ techniques and paradigms, eg proton therapy or reduced treatment volumes, rather than reduction in treatment, as means of reducing treatment toxicity. Recently a framework for de-intensification of treatment for HPV-positive OPC patients has been published by the Head and Neck Cancer International Group to provide guidance for these efforts.
Advance Reconnaissance and Optimal Monitoring
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Düllmann Jan , Heußner Lukas , Hölter Raoul , Lamert Andre , Miro Shorash , Möller Thomas , Musayev Khayal , Riedel Christopher , Schindler Steffen , Trapp Maximilian , Alber Michael , Baitsch Matthias , Friederich Wolfgang , Hackl Klaus , König Markus , Mark Peter , Nestorovic Tamara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEffective exploration techniques during mechanized tunneling are of high importance in order to prevent severe surface settlements as well as a damage of the tunnel boring machine, which in turn would lead to additional costs and a standstill in the construction process. A seismic methodology called full waveform inversion can bring a considerable improvement compared to state-of-the-art seismic methods in terms of precision. Another method of exploration during mechanized tunneling is to continuously monitor subsurface behavior and then use this data to identify disturbances through pattern recognition and machine learning techniques. Various probabilistic methods for conducting system identification and proposing an appropriate monitoring plan are developed in this regard. Furthermore, ground conditions can be determined by studying boring machine data collected during the excavation. The active and passive obtained data during performance of a shield driven machine were used to estimate soil parameters. The monitoring campaign can be extended to include above-ground structural surveillance as well as terrestrial and satellite data to track displacements of existing infrastructure caused by tunneling. The available radar data for the Wehrhahn-line project are displayed and were utilized to precisely monitor the process of anticipated uplift by injections and any subsequent ground building settlements.
Introduction
Authors: Christodoulides Myron 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are caused by a diversity of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and toxins, which affect 2–3 billion people globally who live in the least developed countries (LDC) and low-to-middle income countries (LMIC). The World Health Organization classifies around 24 NTDs that are prevalent mainly in tropical and sub-tropical areas and these conditions impact enormously on personal and population health, with debilitating social and economic consequences to communities and countries. The overall focus of the book is vaccines for NTDs caused by the organisms studied by the VALIDATE (VAccine deveLopment for complex Intracellular neglecteD pAThogEns) network, i.e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, Leishmania spp. and Burkholderia pseudomallei.
Vaccine Development for Human Leishmaniasis
Authors: de Carvalho Clímaco Marianna , Kraemer Lucas , Fujiwara Ricardo Toshio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of vaccines for human leishmaniasis is one of the most important approaches for effectively controlling and/or eradicating the several forms of the disease. Based on the knowledge obtained from the practice of leishmanization and its protective immune response, several strategies have been used to develop vaccines against Leishmania species, such as the use of whole killed and attenuated parasites, recombinant proteins, and DNA vaccines. An ideal vaccine should be safe, effective, and immunogenic. Although several candidates have achieved safety and some level of effectiveness, the current challenge in the development of prophylactic vaccines is to achieve long-lasting immune protection by generating a robust and irreversible Th1 adaptive immune response in the host, with rapid recruitment of memory and effectors T cells at key acute points of infection. However, despite all efforts over the years, due to the antigenic diversity of the parasite and the complexity of the host’s immune response, human vaccine trials have been disappointing in mediating long-term immunity against sandfly-delivered infection. Therefore, more investments in this field should be carried out to translate preclinical findings from mice to humans through effective vaccine development strategies.
Vaccine Development Against Melioidosis
Authors: Galeas-Pena Michelle , Morici Lisa A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMelioidosis in an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is often considered a disease of the tropics, but recent data suggests that B. pseudomallei is distributed worldwide and the disease is likely largely underestimated. B. pseudomallei is inherently resistant to many antibiotics, which complicates treatment, particularly in low-resource countries. There is currently no licensed vaccine to prevent melioidosis. Fortunately, there has been significant progress over the last decade in our understanding of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis and host immunity. This has been paralleled by the discovery and testing of promising vaccine candidates against melioidosis. Collectively, these scientific advances spark optimism that licensure of a safe and effective vaccine is achievable.
Correlates of Protection from Tuberculosis
Authors: Peralta Alvarez Marco Polo , Marshall Julia L. , Tanner Rachel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultiple immunological mechanisms interact to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection and/or tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, development of a much-needed new and effective TB vaccine is hindered by the lack of validated correlates of protection. The identification of correlates of protection would facilitate the rational design, optimisation and evaluation of TB vaccine candidates. In this chapter, we discuss what is currently known about protective immunity against M.tb and potential correlates of protection that have been proposed to date, both including and also looking beyond the central role of IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells to consider innate and humoral immune parameters. Approaches to identifying and validating correlates of protection will also be reviewed.
BCG: Past, Present and Future Direction
Authors: Morrison Hazel , McShane Helen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live-attenuated vaccine developed over 100 years ago and remains the only vaccine ever licensed in the fight against tuberculosis (TB). It is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world, having been administered to over four billion people, with another 100 million children vaccinated with BCG every year. Despite this, significant debate exists surrounding its efficacy against TB and its place in routine infant vaccination schedules. Severe side effects following BCG administration are rare but may be seen in those with immune system dysfunction. Safer vaccines for use in these individuals would be valuable.BCG has been shown in some studies to have beneficial effects on mortality and morbidity beyond that attributable to reduction in TB alone. Understanding the immunological mechanisms underpinning these non-specific effects is increasing and appears in part to be due to the induction of trained innate immunity. New vaccines developed against TB will either need to be given as a booster following initial BCG vaccination or be shown to be non-inferior with regard to these off-target effects.Despite its age, widespread usage, and intensive study, we are still learning how BCG exerts its effects and unpicking what these really are. Alternative routes of administration and recombinant forms of BCG offer promising strategies to further harness the potential of this intriguing vaccine.
The Nexus Between Corruption, Migrant Smuggling, and Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia
Authors: Lelliott Joseph , Miller Rebecca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStrong drivers and demand for migrants in Southeast Asia, combined with often costly and complex channels for regular migration, have led to high levels of irregular migration throughout the region. These dynamics have, in turn, created a substantial market for the services of migrant smugglers and place many migrants at risk of human trafficking and other violations of their rights. While smuggling of migrants and human trafficking are a key concern for Southeast Asian States, many facets of these crimes remain under researched and poorly understood. This includes the role of corruption as a facilitator of smuggling and trafficking. Drawing on research concerning the nexus between corruption, smuggling, and trafficking, this chapter sheds light on the ways corrupt practices and relationships help smugglers and traffickers subvert immigration controls and prevent investigation and punishment of their illicit activities. It further explores the potential negative impacts of corruption on the protection of smuggled migrants and victims of trafficking. This chapter explains that stricter migration controls are only likely to increase the markets for smuggling and trafficking and, in turn, amplify corruption risks. It posits that, consistent with their obligations under international law, Southeast Asian States should address corruption through a three-pronged approach encompassing anti-corruption measures, better protection of the rights of smuggled migrants and trafficked persons, and efforts to increase the scope and accessibility of regular avenues for migration.
The Politics of Forced Migration in Southeast Asia
Authors: Pudjiastuti Tri Nuke , Wong Steven C. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForced migration is deeply rooted in the local, national, regional, and global politics of nation states. In Southeast Asia, it has been, and remains, intensely experiential, and policy actions cannot be understood in abstract or normative terms. Member states differ greatly in economic, social, and political terms, and thus how they perceive their interests. Individually and collectively through ASEAN, they have tended to act defensively with respect to forced migration, but with accommodations and regional responses when called for, as episodes from mainland Southeast Asia and Myanmar, show. For states to be incentivised to raise their levels of protection and welfare, forced migration needs to be framed as a global collective endeavour. It is through the setting of new norms through the international framework and compacts agreed that higher minimum standards will evolve.
Rethinking Local Citizenship and Integration of Persons of Indonesian Descent in the Southern Philippines
Authors: Villa Anderson V. , Wiratri Amorisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter interrogates the prevalent misconception of host governments that migration disrupts rather than transforms their communities. Reflecting upon the works of Takeyuki Tsuda (2008) in the context of East Asian countries, the chapter attempts to unpack the concept of local citizenship when local governments in the southern Philippines subtly grant some fundamental socio-political rights and services to Persons of Indonesian Descent (PID) as legitimate members of their local communities. This study argues that the local governments in the southern Philippines have a significant role in performing acts of local citizenship for PID. This independent research is drawn from the researchers’ direct observation and long-term engagement with PID in Sarangani province, and General Santos City in the southern Philippines. The study hopes to generate discussions and alternative discourse on ‘citizenship from below’ for migrants and host countries in the region.
Integration
Authors: Şahin-Mencütek Zeynep , Gökalp-Aras N. Ela , Kaya Ayhan , Rottmann Susan Beth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStrategic temporality permeates the integration experience of Turkey’s Syrians in a number of ways. First, given their temporary legal status, there is a grey area between reception and integration, which is highly symbolic of ambiguous inclusion (Kaya & Nagel, 2021). Until recently, there has been no publicly announced national integration policy; instead, there was only a discourse about uyum (social harmony) that is not premised on permanent inclusion or equal rights with locals. Further, refugees face liminality in every possible sphere governing long-term settlement, such as in the labour market, education, housing, health and citizenship. Most work informally and experience economic precarity; a third of Syrian children are not in school; refugees must secure their own (often substandard) housing; linguistic and other barriers prevent full health care access, and pathways to citizenship or long-term permanent residence are limited. All of this creates feelings of profound anxiety and uncertainty for refugees as they go about their day-to-day lives.
The Transformation-Migration Nexus in the United Arab Emirates: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Errichiello Gennaro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMy chapter, based on archival materials consulted at the British Library, is a discussion of the historical evolution of migration in the UAE, and in particular in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. A social transformation perspective entails treating migration as embedded in the broad understanding of society and its changes. Migration is neither a cause nor a consequence of social transformation but is part of transformation processes. This paper demonstrates that the historical evolution of migration in the emirates can only be understood by linking local-level experience of migration with other socio-spatial levels thus contributing to a better understanding of contemporary dynamics where migration, globalisation, economic and political aspects are intertwined.
Challenges of Communication and Identity in the Gulf: Insights from Qatar and the UAE
Authors: Ahmad Rizwan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I present the case studies of the State of Qatar and the UAE, two countries in the Arabian Gulf where although Arabic is the de jure official language, many foreign languages are widely used for communication because of a large non-Arab, non-national population. In addition to English, which is used as a lingua franca among the educated people, a host of Asian languages are used by blue-collar workers from South and Southeast Asia. While the presence of foreign languages does facilitate communication, it has also heightened a fear of loss of Arabic and Arab identity among the local populations leading to a series of measures by the governments strengthening the position of Arabic officially. I show how the two governments struggle to balance the needs of communication and identity. I argue that since the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are no longer monolingual, there is a need for the development of a language policy that balances the needs of communication and identity not only in Qatar and the UAE but also in Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, and KSA with less, but still significant non-national population.
Art in Contact Zone in the UAE and Qatar: Trans-Regional Cultural Policy and Rise of New Artistic Movements
Authors: Moridi Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDubai and Doha are attempting to be known as transcultural places. These cities are trying to be in a status that Mary Louise Pratt has named “contact zone”. Mary Louise Pratt as a postcolonial theorist tries to use “contact zone” concept to explain transcultural situation in which diverse social spaces merge together. But how can Dubai and Doha become transcultural zones? What are the cultural policies to build a trans-regional identity? How have these policies affected artistic trends and artistic experiences? This chapter addresses how trans-regional cultural policies have made Dubai and Doha to welcome marginal arts, hybrid arts and multicultural arts. This chapter shows how Iranian and Arab artists have played a complex and multi-layered role in shaping the contact zone.
The Gulf as a Global Contact Zone: Chronotopic Identities and (Linguistic) Landscapes
Authors: Lombezzi Letizia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Gulf distinguishes both as a regional system in international relations and a global contact zone for the occurrence of many social issues. Migration, transformation, and urbanization emerge as the key factors for changes in the Gulf area. The concept of chronotope helps us to analyze the Gulf context and the richness of its repertoires, intended as language, cultures, activities, and identities. In fact, the multiplicity of contexts of interactions together with the actors involved gave rise to a number of landscapes inside the city, so contributing to superdiversity. This chapter attempts to analyze the phenomenon, and the reasons that led to such a reality.
Shellyseer: A Literary Evolution
Authors: Saber Fathieh Hussam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe dramatic elements that are in Shellyseer have traveled for a long period of time and have been affected by dramatic elements from different cultures, which means that Shellyseer is a result of the evolution of drama. This chapter draws attention to the effect that the East and the West have on each other, by pointing out the effect that Aristotle’s Poetics—Western Theory—had on Ghanem Al-Suliti’s Shellyseer—Eastern Literature. This chapter combines comparative literature with literary theory and criticism in order to give an example of a globalized view of how drama evolves where there are no borders that limit influence. This chapter traces back drama back to its oldest documented sources to show how it evolved throughout history and offers deeper knowledge of Middle Eastern drama, the importance, and strength of political satire, and how strong of a mutual influence Eastern and Western literature have on each other.
Kuwait’s Mediation in the Gulf Crisis: Dynamics of Kuwait’s Foreign Policy Approaches
Authors: Altiok Huzeyfe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines Kuwaiti mediation in the 2017 Gulf crisis from the perspective of the disputants—mainly Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar—and the mediator—Kuwait. While using qualitative research method such as interviews with the scholars, and discourse analyses, this chapter provides an overview of the Kuwaiti mediation in the Gulf crisis and reconstructs the role of small states in International Relations.
Tujjar in the Gulf: Changes in Political Influence
Authors: Menon Lakshmi Venugopal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the oil boom in the 1970s, the Gulf region has witnessed tremendous growth. Today, the GCC countries have an impressive collective 85% urbanization. This paper argues that merchant-ruler relations and the transnational dynamism of the Gulf played crucial roles in the traditional development and evolution of urban cities in the GCC. It argues that pivoting to a Western-European city concept devoid of an appreciation of the GCC’s transnational dimension and the region’s perennial structural need for migrant labor is imprudent. This chapter aims to fill the existing gap in the literature and urges the GCC countries to increase local participation to offset an observed Orientalist approach to Gulf urbanism. Thus, making the case for the creation of sustainable city concepts that appreciate the transnational nature of the Gulf region.
Graduate Research Experience in the Arab Gulf: The Case in Qatar
Authors: Newsome Mary 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the Information Age, the knowledge economy is at the crux of economic growth. Academic institutions, and the human expertise and research potential they possess, are important sources of knowledge that have a direct impact on every area of our lives. From ensuring a continuous and sustainable supply of safe food to the advancement of targeted therapies through precision medicine or the development of effective virtual learning environments, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have an important role to play.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in a Pandemic
Authors: Coleman Kathryn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the underpinning of the speculative think tank and this edited collection that emerged from within a faculty-wide pandemic project at the Melbourne Graduate School of Education in 2020/21. It proposes how through a relational and speculative turn to the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) to create community and new opportunities for doing educational research while at home, a (re)turn to SoTL as an emergent next practice created possibilities for new thinking, knowing and being emerged. The chapter considers how new connections among colleagues teaching and researching across education that had not previously worked together offered new ways possibilities for new thinking, knowing and being an academic. Our school wide project sought to capture the paradigmatic shift the editors refer to as, the educational turn and was designed and developed to create space to reimagine the futures of education. This was strengthened by collaborative dialogues, innovation, and agility. This chapter poses how and why we developed the innovative think tank project while in lockdown, that captured the educational turn.