bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic cross-resistance to florpyrauxifen-benzyl in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) evolved before the commercialization of Rinskor™
Authors: Takano Hudson K. , Greenwalt Scott , Ouse Dave , Zielinski Moriah , Schmitzer Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerbicide options for selective control of monocot weeds in rice (Oryza sativa L.) have historically been limited to a few modes of action such as inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (e.g., penoxsulam, imazamox), photosystem II (e.g., propanil), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (e.g., cyhalofop). Florpyrauxifen-benzyl (Rinskor™) is a synthetic auxin molecule introduced to the U.S. rice herbicide market in 2018, providing broad-spectrum weed control (monocots and dicots), including hard-to-control species such as barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.], along with postemergence rice selectivity at very low use rates. Within the year of commercialization, field agronomists and academics identified E. crus-galli escapes in some areas where florpyrauxifen-benzyl had been sprayed. Further evaluation under controlled environments confirmed that those plants were able to survive florpyrauxifen-benzyl application at the label rate. Here, we identify the mechanism of resistance to florpyrauxifen-benzyl and penoxsulam in two E. crus-galli populations from Arkansas (AR-27) and Missouri (MO-18). Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we compared the two resistant biotypes with known susceptible plants regarding their ability to metabolize florpyrauxifen-benzyl, florpyrauxifen-acid, and penoxsulam in planta. We discovered that the resistant plants share a common resistance mechanism to florpyrauxifen-benzyl and penoxsulam, involving hydrolysis of a methoxy group (likely mediated by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase) followed by glucose conjugation. Given that penoxsulam has been widely used in rice fields for the past decade, these data suggest that some populations of E. crus-galli may have evolved resistance before the commercialization of florpyrauxifen-benzyl.
A Balanced Atmospheric Ensemble Forcing for Sea Ice Modeling in Southern Ocean
Authors: Luo Hao , Yang Qinghua , Mazloff Matthew , Chen Dake 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo deal with the great challenges in simulating the highly non‐linear physics of Antarctic sea ice, a multivariate balanced atmospheric ensemble forcing is developed based on the high‐resolution component of ERA5, which considers the relationship between different variables and adjacent times. To validate the performance of this new forcing, experiments were conducted from 1 January 2016 to 28 February 2017. Compared to simulations forced with the ensemble component of ERA5, a more reasonable ensemble of simulations is produced by the atmospheric ensemble forcing developed in this study, which suppresses the sea‐ice concentration (SIC) simulation errors and produces a better estimation of SIC simulation uncertainties. Further sea‐ice thickness budget analysis reveals that this impact of atmospheric ensemble forcing on sea ice simulation is due to a modulation of atmosphere‐ocean and sea ice‐ocean thermodynamic processes. These results lay the foundation for further improvements in Antarctic sea ice data assimilation and probabilistic prediction.
Effects of Heavy Ions on the Second‐Harmonic Generation of EMIC Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Xue Zuxiang , Yuan Zhigang , Yu Xiongdong , Deng Dan , Huang Zheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent studies have reported electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves with nonlinear second harmonics (SHs) whose frequency and wave number are twice those of the fundamental waves (FWs). In this paper, we provide detailed analyses of the cross‐band SH generation of EMIC waves in a multi‐ion plasma. In the presence of heavy ions, EMIC wave modes can be divided into distinct wave bands according to heavy ion gyrofrequencies, and the SH can exist in a wave band different from that of the FW. The SH can be generated around or even exactly on the normal modes of the plasma system, leading to a more efficient energy transfer than that in H+‐only plasmas. The detailed parametric analysis also manifests the vital role of heavy ions in promoting SH's amplitude. Further, multiple 1‐D hybrid simulations are performed to investigate the cross‐band SH generation and validate the theoretical results. The SHs are well reproduced in simulations and the quantitative relation of frequency and wave number between the FW and the SH is well satisfied. The variations of the amplitude ratios (the SH to the FW) with fundamental frequencies are well consistent with those obtained from theoretical calculations in magnitude. Therefore, our results demonstrate the significant roles of heavy ions in the SH generation.
Force‐Free Current Sheets in the Jovian Magnetodisk: The Key Role of Electron Field‐Aligned Anisotropy
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Ma Q. , Ebert R. W. , Zhang X.‐J. , Allegrini F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrent sheets are an essential element of the planetary magnetotails, where strong plasma currents self‐consistently support magnetic field gradients. The current sheet configuration is determined by plasma populations that contribute to the current density. The most commonly investigated configuration is supported by diamagnetic cross‐field currents of hot ions, typical for the magnetospheres of magnetized planets. In this study, we examine a new type of the current sheet configuration supported by field‐aligned currents from electron streams in the Jovian magnetodisk. Such bi‐directional streams increase the electron thermal anisotropy close to the fire‐hose instability threshold and lead to strong magnetic field shear. The current sheet configuration supported by electron streams is nearly force‐free, with |B| ≈ const across the sheet. Using Juno plasma and magnetic field measurements, we investigate the internal structure of such current sheets and discuss possible mechanisms for their formation.
Water Mass Variations in the Maluku Channel of the Indonesian Seas During the Winter of 2018–2019
Authors: Wang Zheng , Yin Xueli , Li Xiang , Li Yao , Li Rui , Yang Ya , Mamuaja Jane M. , Pangalila Fransisco , Kalangi Patrice , Gerung Grevo , Purwandana Adi , Wardana Adhitya Kusuma , Surinati Dewi , Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis , Dirhamsyah Dirham , Arifin Zainal , Yuan Dongliang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn autonomous underwater glider was deployed in the Maluku Channel during 1 December 2018 through 21 February 2019 to measure temperature and salinity profiles of the upper ∼1,000 m continuously. The measurements suggest intraseasonal variations of the Pacific water mass intrusions into the Maluku Channel, which has not been reported before. The North Pacific Tropical and Intermediate Waters are found to intrude episodically into the eastern Maluku Channel at the depths of 130–180 m and 250–300 m, respectively, during January through February of 2019, each lasting for a few days to a week. The Antarctic Intermediate Water was present in the middle and western Maluku Channel between 600 and 800 m with intraseasonal variability. The South Pacific Subsurface Water was only found to intrude into the eastern Maluku Channel between 250 and 300 m during the first two transections in early December of 2018. Concurrent meter data from three moorings in the Maluku and Talaud‐Halmahera Channels are used to verify the water mass movement. The subsurface and intermediate water mass variations here are found to be closely related to the swing of the Mindanao Current near the Maluku Channel. These intraseasonal water mass intrusions are important aspects of water exchange between the western Pacific Ocean and the Indonesian seas.
Molecular and functional imaging in cancer-targeted therapy: current applications and future directions
Authors: Bai Jing-Wen , Qiu Si-Qi , Zhang Guo-Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTargeted anticancer drugs block cancer cell growth by interfering with specific signaling pathways vital to carcinogenesis and tumor growth rather than harming all rapidly dividing cells as in cytotoxic chemotherapy. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) system has been used to assess tumor response to therapy via changes in the size of target lesions as measured by calipers, conventional anatomically based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other imaging methods. However, RECIST is sometimes inaccurate in assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy drugs because of the poor correlation between tumor size and treatment-induced tumor necrosis or shrinkage. This approach might also result in delayed identification of response when the therapy does confer a reduction in tumor size. Innovative molecular imaging techniques have rapidly gained importance in the dawning era of targeted therapy as they can visualize, characterize, and quantify biological processes at the cellular, subcellular, or even molecular level rather than at the anatomical level. This review summarizes different targeted cell signaling pathways, various molecular imaging techniques, and developed probes. Moreover, the application of molecular imaging for evaluating treatment response and related clinical outcome is also systematically outlined. In the future, more attention should be paid to promoting the clinical translation of molecular imaging in evaluating the sensitivity to targeted therapy with biocompatible probes. In particular, multimodal imaging technologies incorporating advanced artificial intelligence should be developed to comprehensively and accurately assess cancer-targeted therapy, in addition to RECIST-based methods.
Cross-tissue correlations of genome-wide DNA methylation in Japanese live human brain and blood, saliva, and buccal epithelial tissues
Authors: Nishitani Shota , Isozaki Makoto , Yao Akiko , Higashino Yoshifumi , Yamauchi Takahiro , Kidoguchi Masamune , Kawajiri Satoshi , Tsunetoshi Kenzo , Neish Hiroyuki , Imoto Hirochika , Arishima Hidetaka , Kodera Toshiaki , Fujisawa Takashi X. , Nomura Sadahiro , Kikuta Kenichiro , Shinozaki Gen , Tomoda Akemi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuroepigenetics considers genetic sequences and the interplay with environmental influences to elucidate vulnerability risk for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, evaluating DNA methylation of brain tissue is challenging owing to the issue of tissue specificity. Consequently, peripheral surrogate tissues were used, resulting in limited progress compared with other epigenetic studies, such as cancer research. Therefore, we developed databases to establish correlations between the brain and peripheral tissues in the same individuals. Four tissues, resected brain tissue, blood, saliva, and buccal mucosa (buccal), were collected from 19 patients (aged 13–73 years) who underwent neurosurgery. Moreover, their genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip arrays to determine the cross-tissue correlation of each combination. These correlation analyses were conducted with all methylation sites and with variable CpGs, and with when these were adjusted for cellular proportions. For the averaged data for each CpG across individuals, the saliva–brain correlation (r = 0.90) was higher than that for blood–brain (r = 0.87) and buccal–brain (r = 0.88) comparisons. Among individual CpGs, blood had the highest proportion of CpGs correlated to the brain at nominally significant levels (19.0%), followed by saliva (14.4%) and buccal (9.8%). These results were similar to the previous IMAGE-CpG results; however, cross-database correlations of the correlation coefficients revealed a relatively low (brain vs. blood: r = 0.27, saliva: r = 0.18, and buccal: r = 0.24). To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth study in the literature initiating the development of databases for correlations between the brain and peripheral tissues in the same individuals. We present the first database developed from an Asian population, specifically Japanese samples (AMAZE-CpG), which would contribute to interpreting individual epigenetic study results from various Asian populations.
LncGMDS-AS1 promotes the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer through HuR-STAT3/Wnt axis
Authors: Ye Deji , Liu Hanshao , Zhao Guojun , Chen Aijun , Jiang Yuhang , Hu Yiming , Liu Dandan , Xie Ningxia , Liang Weifei , Chen Xi , Zhang Haohao , Li Cuifeng , Wang Jingyao , Sun Donglin , Chen Weifeng , Tan Dan , Wang Qi , Wang Hongru , Yu Dianping , Wu Baojin , Wang Mingliang , Cui Shuzhong , Liu Sanhong , Zhang Xiaoren 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChronic inflammation promotes the tumorigenesis and cell stemness maintenance of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the bridge role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in linking chronic inflammation to CRC development and progression needs better understanding. Here, we elucidated a novel function of lncRNA GMDS-AS1 in persistently activated signal transducer and transcription activator 3 (STAT3) and Wnt signaling and CRC tumorigenesis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Wnt3a induced lncRNA GMDS-AS1 expression, which was highly expressed in the CRC tissues and plasma of CRC patients. GMDS-AS1 knockdown impaired the survival, proliferation and stem cell-like phenotype acquisition of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and mass spectrometry (MS) to probe target proteins and identify their contributions to the downstream signaling pathways of GMDS-AS1. In CRC cells, GMDS-AS1 physically interacted with the RNA-stabilizing protein HuR, thereby protecting the HuR protein from polyubiquitination- and proteasome-dependent degradation. HuR stabilized STAT3 mRNA and upregulated the levels of basal and phosphorylated STAT3 protein, persistently activating STAT3 signaling. Our research revealed that the lncRNA GMDS-AS1 and its direct target HuR constitutively activate STAT3/Wnt signaling and promote CRC tumorigenesis, the GMDS-AS1-HuR-STAT3/Wnt axis is a therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic target in CRC.
Scalable synthesis of Cu clusters for remarkable selectivity control of intermediates in consecutive hydrogenation
Authors: Yao Dawei , Wang Yue , Li Ying , Li Antai , Zhen Ziheng , Lv Jing , Sun Fanfei , Yang Ruoou , Luo Jun , Jiang Zheng , Wang Yong , Ma Xinbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSubnanometric Cu clusters that contain only a small number of atoms exhibit unique and, often, unexpected catalytic behaviors compared with Cu nanoparticles and single atoms. However, due to the high mobility of Cu species, scalable synthesis of stable Cu clusters is still a major challenge. Herein, we report a facile and practical approach for scalable synthesis of stable supported Cu cluster catalysts. This method involves the atomic diffusion of Cu from the supported Cu nanoparticles to CeO2 at a low temperature of 200 °C to form stable Cu clusters with tailored sizes. Strikingly, these Cu clusters exhibit high yield of intermediate product (95%) in consecutive hydrogenation reactions due to their balanced adsorption of the intermediate product and dissociation of H2. The scalable synthesis strategy reported here makes the stable Cu cluster catalysts one step closer to practical semi-hydrogenation applications.
mcPGK1-dependent mitochondrial import of PGK1 promotes metabolic reprogramming and self-renewal of liver TICs
Authors: Chen Zhenzhen , He Qiankun , Lu Tiankun , Wu Jiayi , Shi Gaoli , He Luyun , Zong Hong , Liu Benyu , Zhu Pingping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiver tumour-initiating cells (TICs) contribute to tumour initiation, metastasis, progression and drug resistance. Metabolic reprogramming is a cancer hallmark and plays vital roles in liver tumorigenesis. However, the role of metabolic reprogramming in TICs remains poorly explored. Here, we identify a mitochondria-encoded circular RNA, termed mcPGK1 (mitochondrial circRNA for translocating phosphoglycerate kinase 1), which is highly expressed in liver TICs. mcPGK1 knockdown impairs liver TIC self-renewal, whereas its overexpression drives liver TIC self-renewal. Mechanistically, mcPGK1 regulates metabolic reprogramming by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and promoting glycolysis. This alters the intracellular levels of α-ketoglutarate and lactate, which are modulators in Wnt/β-catenin activation and liver TIC self-renewal. In addition, mcPGK1 promotes PGK1 mitochondrial import via TOM40 interactions, reprogramming metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis through PGK1-PDK1-PDH axis. Our work suggests that mitochondria-encoded circRNAs represent an additional regulatory layer controlling mitochondrial function, metabolic reprogramming and liver TIC self-renewal.
Allometry reveals trade-offs between Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules, and different avian adaptive strategies for thermoregulation
Authors: Frӧhlich Arkadiusz , Kotowska Dorota , Martyka Rafał , Symonds Matthew R. E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnimals tend to decrease in body size (Bergmann’s rule) and elongate appendages (Allen’s rule) in warm climates. However, it is unknown whether these patterns depend on each other or constitute independent responses to the thermal environment. Here, based on a global phylogenetic comparative analysis across 99.7% of the world’s bird species, we show that the way in which the relative length of unfeathered appendages co-varies with temperature depends on body size and vice versa. First, the larger the body, the greater the increase in beak length with temperature. Second, the temperature-based increase in tarsus length is apparent only in larger birds, whereas in smaller birds, tarsus length decreases with temperature. Third, body size and the length of beak and tarsus interact with each other to predict the species’ environmental temperature. These findings suggest that the animals’ body size and shape are products of an evolutionary compromise that reflects distinct alternative thermoregulatory adaptations.
Scalable and switchable CO2-responsive membranes with high wettability for separation of various oil/water systems
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Yang Shaokang , Zhang Jingwei , Chen Zhuo , Zhu Bo , Li Jian , Liang Shijing , Bai Yunxiang , Xu Jianhong , Rao Dewei , Dong Liangliang , Zhang Chunfang , Yang Xiaowei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSmart membranes with responsive wettability show promise for controllably separating oil/water mixtures, including immiscible oil-water mixtures and surfactant-stabilized oil/water emulsions. However, the membranes are challenged by unsatisfactory external stimuli, inadequate wettability responsiveness, difficulty in scalability and poor self-cleaning performance. Here, we develop a capillary force-driven confinement self-assembling strategy to construct a scalable and stable CO2-responsive membrane for the smart separation of various oil/water systems. In this process, the CO2-responsive copolymer can homogeneously adhere to the membrane surface by manipulating the capillary force, generating a membrane with a large area up to 3600 cm2 and excellent switching wettability between high hydrophobicity/underwater superoleophilicity and superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity under CO2/N2 stimulation. The membrane can be applied to various oil/water systems, including immiscible mixtures, surfactant-stabilized emulsions, multiphase emulsions and pollutant-containing emulsions, demonstrating high separation efficiency (>99.9%), recyclability, and self-cleaning performance. Due to robust separation properties coupled with the excellent scalability, the membrane shows great implications for smart liquid separation.
Kagome qubit ice
Authors: Lopez-Bezanilla Alejandro , Raymond Jack , Boothby Kelly , Carrasquilla Juan , Nisoli Cristiano , King Andrew D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTopological phases of spin liquids with constrained disorder can host a kinetics of fractionalized excitations. However, spin-liquid phases with distinct kinetic regimes have proven difficult to observe experimentally. Here we present a realization of kagome spin ice in the superconducting qubits of a quantum annealer, and use it to demonstrate a field-induced kinetic crossover between spin-liquid phases. Employing fine control over local magnetic fields, we show evidence of both the Ice-I phase and an unconventional field-induced Ice-II phase. In the latter, a charge-ordered yet spin-disordered topological phase, the kinetics proceeds via pair creation and annihilation of strongly correlated, charge conserving, fractionalized excitations. As these kinetic regimes have resisted characterization in other artificial spin ice realizations, our results demonstrate the utility of quantum-driven kinetics in advancing the study of topological phases of spin liquids.
Broadband physical layer cognitive radio with an integrated photonic processor for blind source separation
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Tait Alexander , Huang Chaoran , Ferreira de Lima Thomas , Bilodeau Simon , Blow Eric C. , Jha Aashu , Shastri Bhavin J. , Prucnal Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe expansion of telecommunications incurs increasingly severe crosstalk and interference, and a physical layer cognitive method, called blind source separation (BSS), can effectively address these issues. BSS requires minimal prior knowledge to recover signals from their mixtures, agnostic to the carrier frequency, signal format, and channel conditions. However, previous electronic implementations did not fulfil this versatility due to the inherently narrow bandwidth of radio-frequency (RF) components, the high energy consumption of digital signal processors (DSP), and their shared weaknesses of low scalability. Here, we report a photonic BSS approach that inherits the advantages of optical devices and fully fulfils its “blindness” aspect. Using a microring weight bank integrated on a photonic chip, we demonstrate energy-efficient, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) scalable BSS across 19.2 GHz processing bandwidth. Our system also has a high (9-bit) resolution for signal demixing thanks to a recently developed dithering control method, resulting in higher signal-to-interference ratios (SIR) even for ill-conditioned mixtures.
Increased activity of lacrimal gland mast cells are associated with corneal epitheliopathy in aged mice
Authors: Elbasiony Elsayed , Cho WonKyung J. , Singh Aastha , Mittal Sharad K. , Zoukhri Driss , Chauhan Sunil K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe lacrimal gland undergoes significant structural and functional deterioration with aging. Marked with increased inflammation and fibrosis, the aged lacrimal gland is unable to perform its protective function. As a result, the ocular surface becomes highly susceptible to various ocular surface pathologies, including corneal epitheliopathy. We and others have previously shown that mast cells mediate tissue inflammation by recruiting other immune cells. However, despite their well-known characteristics of secreting various inflammatory mediators, whether mast cells contribute to the immune cell aggregation and activation, and acinar dystrophy of the aged lacrimal gland has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate the role of mast cells in age-related lacrimal gland pathophysiology using mast cell-deficient (cKitw-sh) mice. Our data demonstrated a significant increase in mast cell frequencies and immune cell infiltration in the lacrimal gland of aged mice. Interestingly, mast cell deficiency resulted in a substantial reduction in inflammation and preservation of lacrimal gland structure, suggesting that mast cells mediate the aging process of the lacrimal gland.