bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Precision‐based Anticoagulation management in the critically Ill
Authors: Dager William E. , Trujillo Toby C. , Gilbert Brian W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnticoagulant therapy is commonly associated with a high incidence of avoidable adverse events, especially in the acute care setting. This has led to several initiatives by key national health care stakeholders, including specific attention to The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goals, to improve anticoagulation management. The subject of special populations has long been identified as challenging by clinicians with the use of anticoagulants. This is driven in part by numerous variables that can contribute to hard outcomes such as bleeding, thrombosis, length of stay, hospital re‐admission, morbidity, and mortality. Despite the notable effort to improve the use of anticoagulants with numerous clinical trials, guidelines, guidance statements, and other sources of published evidence, notable difficulties continue to challenge practitioners in managing this class of medications. This is especially the case with very diverse critically ill populations where countless variables exist, many of which were never explored in trials or have historically been frequently excluded. Trials evaluating anticoagulation therapy often can only account for small portions of variables that may affect thrombosis and hemostasis, and study methods often do not reflect the constantly changing dynamic conditions seen in unique critically ill patients. Clinicians providing care to the numerous critically ill populations are faced with conditions that lead to relatively small therapeutic windows, which makes designing safe optimal anticoagulation management plans difficult when dealing with complex patients and mechanical support devices. The approach to crafting a successful management plan for anticoagulant therapy must incorporate the numerous variables that are continuously assessed and revised during the patient's time in the intensive care unit. We explore considerations and approaches when developing, assessing, and implementing an individualized or precision‐based management plan that involves the use of anticoagulants in the critically ill. The skills and thought process provided will assist clinicians in managing this unique, variable, and challenging population.
Mechanical reinforcement of waterborne latex pressure‐sensitive adhesives with polymer‐grafted nanoparticles
Authors: Desroches Griffen J. , Gatenil Perapat P. , Nagao Keisuke , Macfarlane Robert J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWaterborne pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) consisting of polymer microparticle emulsions (i.e. latex) are more commonly used in commercial applications than solvent‐borne alternatives, as the use of water as a suspension medium provides better consumer safety and reduces environmental impact. However, the lower mechanical performance of waterborne PSAs prevents their use in applications requiring permanent adhesion or strong bonding between substrates. This reduction in mechanical strength is often attributed to void spaces that form during water evaporation and coalescence of the latex particles, and thus a potential strategy to improve PSA strength would be to add filler materials to occupy these voids. Fundamental studies investigating how interfacial interactions between the latex and fillers affect the collective strength of the films would enable better design of adhesive compositions to tailor PSA mechanical properties. Here we report the use of polymer brush‐grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) as a means of mechanically reinforcing the PSAs, and determine how different aspects of the particle and polymer brush designs enable this improvement in adhesive performance. The PGNPs investigated here are intentionally designed to phase segregate into the aqueous phase of the initial latex suspension, which allows them to both fill free pore volume and also form multivalent supramolecular interactions with the latex particles to form polymer bridges that improve the interconnectivity of the final film. These studies provide insight into potential design strategies for tuning PSA properties with PGNPs, and enable up to 32% improvements to the cohesive strength of the PSAs without the typical deterioration of adhesive strength observed in PSAs using non‐brush‐coated particle fillers.
Poverty, women's autonomy, and girls' educational attainment at the higher secondary level: Insight from the Indian states
Authors: Maity Shrabanti 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2020, the Gross Enrollment Ratio of girls at the higher secondary level in India was 52.4%, down from 98.7% at the elementary level. This difference indicates a serious dropout rate among girls at higher levels of education. This dynamic motivates the twin objectives of this paper. We provide an overview of the scope and determinants of girls' current educational attainment at the higher secondary level for different states in India. In this attempt, we scrutinize the role of poverty and women's autonomy on the educational attainment of girls at the higher secondary level. A self‐developed socioeconomic index is used as a proxy for wealth status which is divided into five quintiles representing the poverty scenario of each state. Women's autonomy is measured by another self‐developed index: the Women's Autonomy Index. The empirical analysis is facilitated by the application of various statistical and econometric tools including multiple regression on the NFHS‐4 data for 28 Indian states. The empirical results suggest that the enhancement of women's autonomy and reductions in poverty enhance girls' educational attainment at the higher secondary level.
Reduced pulmonary oxygen diffusion at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age in small‐for‐gestational‐age preterm infants of less than 32 weeks without bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Correani Alessio , Lanciotti Lucia , Giorgetti Chiara , Palazzi Maria Laura , Monachesi Chiara , Antognoli Luca , Burattini Ilaria , Cogo Paola , Carnielli Virgilio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmall‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) preterm infants are at increased risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). There is limited information on pulmonary oxygen diffusion of SGA preterm infants, particularly in those without BPD.ObjectiveTo compare the pulmonary oxygen diffusion of SGA to that of appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) preterm infants without BPD.Study DesignPreterm infants with a gestational age (GA) between 24.0 and 31.6 weeks were studied. The oxygen saturation (SpO2), fraction to inspired oxygen (FiO2), and the SpO2 to FiO2 ratio (SFR) were compared between SGA and AGA infants. The association between SGA and SFR at 36 weeks was assessed using a multiple regression analysis. In the subgroup without BPD, SGA were match‐paired for GA and gender with AGA infants.ResultsWe analyzed 1189 infants surviving at 36 weeks: 194 (16%) were SGA and 995 (84%) AGA. The incidence of BPD was significantly higher in SGA than AGA infants (32% vs. 13%; p = .000). Out of the 995 infants without BPD, 132 (13%) were SGA and 863 (87%) AGA. SGA was negatively associated with the SFR value at 36 weeks, independently from BPD. SGA infants without BPD had significantly higher (better) SFR at birth, but lower (worse) SpO2 and SFR and from 33 to 36 weeks than their matched AGA counterpart. At 36 weeks, median SpO2 and SFR values were 97.7 versus 98.4 (p = .006) and 465 versus 468 (p = .010) in match‐paired SGA and AGA, respectively.ConclusionAmong preterm infants of less than 32 weeks and without BPD, SGA infants had a reduced pulmonary oxygen diffusion at 36 weeks in comparison with AGA infants.
Identification and evaluation of cruciferous plant volatiles attractive to Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Yan Xi‐Zhong , Ma Li , Li Xiao‐Fei , Chang Le , Liu Qing‐Zhao , Song Cheng‐Fei , Zhao Jin‐Yu , Qie Xing‐Tao , Deng Cai‐Ping , Wang Chen‐Zhu , Hao Chi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, has developed resistance to almost all insecticides used for its control. The ‘push–pull’ method has been shown as an effective control strategy to address this resistance challenge of P. xylostella. The key focus of the strategy is the identification of attractive or repellent volatile components. The aim of this study was to identify attractive volatile compounds released from host plants. Identified compounds were applied in the biological control of this pest.RESULTSNine active compounds released into the headspace of seven cruciferous plant species were identified using gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Electroantennographic detection‐active compounds included five green leaf volatiles (hexanal, trans‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, cis‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate, and 1‐penten‐3‐ol), three isothiocyanates (isopropyl isothiocyanate, allyl isothiocyanate, and butyl isothiocyanate), and nonanal. Except for nonanal, all the identified green leaf volatiles and isothiocyanates elicited strong electrophysiological and behavioral responses in P. xylostella. The strongest attractive compounds, trans‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol and isopropyl isothiocyanate, were further evaluated in oviposition and field‐trapping assays. Results showed that they both lured female moths to lay eggs, and were highly attractive to P. xylostella adults in field, especially when used in combination with yellow and green sticky boards. However, a blend of the two compounds showed no synergistic effect, but rather an antagonistic effect.CONCLUSIONSGreen leaf volatiles and isothiocyanates were identified as key olfactory cues for host selection of P. xylostella. Trans‐2‐ hexen‐1‐ol and isopropyl isothiocyanate were identified as candidate attractive compounds to serve in a ‘push–pull’ strategy for P. xylostella control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Increased serum activin A level in congenital heart disease‐associated pulmonary artery hypertension: A comparative study from the COHARD‐PH registry
Authors: Hadwiono Muhammad R. , Hartopo Anggoro B. , Wasityastuti Widya , Anggrahini Dyah W. , Ryanto Gusty R. T. , Emoto Noriaki , Dinarti Lucia K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractActivin A, a member of TGF‐β superfamily, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH due to congenital heart disease (CHD‐PAH) is a major problem in developing countries. Activin A may have a role in PAH development and progression among uncorrected CHD. In this comparative study, serum activin A level was significantly increased in subjects with uncorrected CHD without the presence of PH and were more significantly risen in CHD‐PAH, as compared to control. The utilization of serum activin A measurement seems promising to identify uncorrected CHD patients with PAH development and progression.
Organic light‐emitting diode behaviors of some synthesized platinum(II)‐based complexes
Authors: Üngördü Ayhan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting light diodes (OLEDs) have been increasingly used in displays, replacing liquid‐crystal displays (LCD) and light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) panels. The increase in commercial use of OLED has led to the search for OLED with high performance. For that reason, the OLED properties of monomers and dimers of some synthesized platinum(II)‐based complexes were estimated by using different computational chemistry tools with different codes. The electron/hole reorganization energies, the adiabatic/vertical ionization potentials, the adiabatic/vertical electron affinities, the chemical hardness values, the dipole moments, the frontier orbital shapes/energy levels, the energy gaps, the emission wavelengths, spin‐orbit matrix elements, the rates of reverse intersystem crossing and intersystem crossing of the investigated complexes were determined. From the theoretically obtained data, it was found that Pt(hppz)2 and Pt(fppz)2 complexes can be used as electron transfer material. Furthermore, it was stated that Pt(f2bipz)(bpy) is both electron‐blocking layer and hole blocking layer materials. Moreover, it was noted that that PtOEP complex can be utilized as a good electron injection layer and hole injection layer material. Addition to these, it was emphasized that that Pt(f2bipz)(bpy) can be considered as a good candidate for near infrared organic light emitting diodes and thermal activated delayed fluorescent organic light emitting diodes. In light of computational chemistry, it should be expected that the study will provide a great contribution to studies related to organic light emitting diodes.
Bound state calculations for Hulthén–Hellmann type potential by improved asymptotic iteration method
Authors: Yalçın Zeynel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, some nonrelativistic energy eigenvalues of Hulthén–Hellmann type interaction were calculated using the improved asymptotic iteration method (improved AIM) by applying the Greene–Aldrich approach for the inverse square term of the potential. Calculations have also been made for some special cases of the Hulthén–Hellmann potential. It is seen that the results obtained are in excellent agreement with those previously obtained from other methods.
Madecassic acid suppresses osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by inhibiting RANKL‐induced NF‐κB, JNK and NFAT signaling pathways
Authors: Su Peiru , Luo Xiangya , Zeng Chunping , Zhou Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOverproduction and activation of osteoclasts result in various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, inhibiting osteoclast formation and overactivation may effectively prevent osteoclast‐related bone diseases, especially osteoporosis. Madecassic acid, one of the most important active ingredients in Centella asiatica, has various biological effects, but its role in osteoclastogenesis remains unknown.MethodsRAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)‐κΒ ligand (RANKL, 25 ng/mL) to differentiate into multi‐nucleated osteoclasts. Subsequently, osteoclasts were treated with or without varying concentrations of madecassic acid (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μmol/L).ResultsMadecassic acid significantly inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, it reduced the percentage of bone resorptive area compared with the control, confirming that madecassic acid can inhibit osteoclast function. Furthermore, luciferase reporter gene studies indicate that madecassic acid could decrease the transcriptional activity of NF of activated T cells (NFAT) and NF‐κB in a dose‐dependent manner. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results show that madecassic acid attenuated the expression of osteoclast‐associated genes, including V‐ATPase‐d2, cathepsin K, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), NFAT cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). Western blot analysis shows that madecassic acid inhibited RANKL‐mediated degradation of IκBα and NFATc1 expression, as well as phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in RAW 264.7 cells.ConclusionMadecassic acid inhibited osteoclast formation and function in vitro by suppressing NF‐κB, JNK, and NFAT signaling pathways, indicating its potential as a novel drug for the treatment of osteoclast‐related bone diseases, especially osteoporosis.
Endobronchial metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Lenvatinib: A case report
Authors: Takei Shota , Yoshimura Akihiro , Yamamoto Chie , Kataoka Seita , Kataoka Nobutaka , Morimoto Kenji , Iwasaku Masahiro , Tokuda Shinsaku , Yamada Tadaaki , Takeda Takayuki , Takayama Koichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEndobronchial metastasis (EBM) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare though HCC often metastasizes to the lungs. In this case report, a 74‐year‐old man with a history of HCC with chronic hepatitis C experienced hemoptysis and a dry cough. During immunotherapy for postoperative recurrent HCC, chest computed tomography (CT) revealed soft tissue shadows in the right upper and lower lobe bronchi, and we pathologically diagnosed as EBM of HCC using bronchoscopy. Although the prognosis of HCC with EBM is poor, lenvatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was administered and resulted in improved symptoms, decreased tumour markers, and reduced EBM shadows on chest CT scans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of lenvatinib monotherapy for EBM of HCC. It is important to perform a bronchoscopy for early diagnosis of EBM, followed by lenvatinib treatment.
Electronic Structure Regulation and Surface Reconstruction of Iron Diselenide for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Huang Yuan , Zhang Li , Jiang Li‐Wen , Liu Xiao‐Long , Tan Ting , Liu Hong , Wang Jian‐Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRegulating the electronic structure of active sites and monitoring the evolution of the active component is essential to improve the intrinsic activity of catalysts for electrochemical reactions. Herein, a highly efficient pre‐electrocatalyst of iron diselenide with rich Se vacancies achieved by phosphorus doping (denoted as P‐FeSe2) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is reported. Systematically experimental and theoretical results show that the formed Se vacancies with phosphorus doping can synergistically modulate the electronic structure of FeSe2 and facilitate OER kinetics with the resulting enhanced electrical conductivity and electrochemical surface area. Importantly, the in situ formed FeOOH species on the surface of the P‐FeSe2 nanorods (denoted as P‐FeOOH(Se)) during the OER process acts as an active component to efficiently catalyze OER and exhibits a low overpotential of 217 mV to reach 10 mA cm‐2 with good durability. Promisingly, an alkaline electrolyzer assembled with P‐FeOOH(Se) and Pt/C electrodes requires an ultra‐low cell voltage of 1.50 V at 10 mA cm‐2 for overall water splitting, which is superior to the RuO2 || Pt/C counterpart and most of the state‐of‐the‐art electrolyzers, demonstrating the high potential of the fabricated electrocatalyst by P doping strategy to explore more highly efficient selenide‐based catalysts for various reactions.
Hydrophobic and Homogeneous Conductive Carbon Matrix for High‐Rate Non‐Alkaline Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Fengmei , Qiu Ke , Zhang Zihao , Li Xinjie , Cao Yongjie , Wang Fei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNon‐alkaline zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) that use reversible O2/ZnO2 chemistry exhibit excellent stability and superior reversibility compared to conventional alkaline ZABs. Unlike alkaline ZABs, ZnO2 discharge products are generated on the surface of the air cathodes in non‐alkaline ZABs, requiring more gas–liquid–solid three‐phase reaction interfaces. However, the kinetics of reported ZABs based on carbon black (CB) is far from satisfactory due to the insufficient reaction areas. The rational structural design of the air cathode is an effective way to increase active surfaces to further enhance the performance of non‐alkaline ZABs. In this study, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MW‐CNTs) with unique mesoporous structures and high pore volumes are selected to replace CB in the air cathode preparation. Due to the larger electrochemically active surface area, superior hydrophobicity, and uniform electroconductibility of MW‐CNTs‐based cathodes, primary ZABs exhibit high specific capacity (704 mAh gZn−1) with a Zn utilization ratio of 85.85% at 1.0 mA cm−2, excellent discharge rate performance, and negligible self‐discharge. Furthermore, rechargeable ZABs also demonstrate outstanding rate capability and excellent cycling stability at various current densities. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the criteria for the cathode design of non‐alkaline ZABs, thus opening a new pathway for more sustainable ZABs.
Introduction
Authors: Scott-Baumann Alison 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapter provides a personal testimony about how I, the author, late in life, experience better understanding of white privilege and its distortion of reality within daily life and philosophy than philosopher Paul Ricœur apparently did. Nevertheless, Ricœur’s dialectical approach can be used to analyse and understand personal and group needs and identity. Thus philosophy can provide clarity if it also accepts critique. I bring a pragmatist philosophy of free speech: this is a threefold model of nested Russian dolls (as an analogy) to show how three progressively more outward facing forms of discussion can provide a model for better communication. I call them, respectively: Communities of Inquiry﻿, the politics of pedagogy and polity praxis. In addition, Communities of Inquiry (the smallest doll yet the core to it all) is comprised of a fourfold typology of speech which moves from libertarian to liberal to guarded liberal and finally to no platforming. This chapter also sketches the economic and social changes that provide a backdrop for the current turmoil in the higher education sector.
The Politics of Pedagogy Leading to Polity Praxis
Authors: Scott-Baumann Alison 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe free speech and culture war debates obfuscate and stop us examining difficult matters such as religion; we need to create a new form of activism, as I have done via the Influencing Corridors of Power project (ICOP) (https://blogs.soas.ac.uk/cop/). Ricœur’s activism was in the word: he understood the full potential of language for grappling with the human condition. He believed that we must exercise our capacity to act to improve our world, bearing within us the negatives that we blame on others. I bring together here the three levels of word as activism: Communities of Inquiry, politics of pedagogyand polity praxis.
The QCD phase diagram in the space of imaginary chemical potential via ’t Hooft anomalies
Authors: Kobayashi Shun K. , Yokokura Takahiro , Yonekura Kazuya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The QCD phase diagram in the space of temperature and imaginary baryon chemical potential has been an interesting subject in numerical lattice QCD simulations because of the absence of the sign problem and its deep structure related to confinement/deconfinement. We study constraints on the phase diagram by using an ’t Hooft anomaly. The relevant anomaly is an anomaly in the space of imaginary chemical potential. We compute it in the UV, and discuss how it is matched by the pion effective field theory at low temperatures. Then we study implications of the anomaly to the phase diagram. There must be a line of phase transition studied in the past by Roberge and Weiss such that the expectation value of the Polyakov loop is not smooth when we cross the line. Moreover, if the greatest common divisor of the color and flavor numbers is greater than one, the phase transition across the Roberge-Weiss line must be either a first order phase transition, or a second order phase transition described by a nontrivial interacting three-dimensional CFT.
Symplectic gauge group on the Lens space
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Rota Simone 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We compute the Lens space index for 4d supersymmetric gauge theories involving symplectic gauge groups. This index can distinguish between different gauge groups from a given algebra and it matches across theories related by supersymmetric dualities. We provide explicit calculations for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM and for classes of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Lagrangian quivers related by S-duality. In these cases the index matches across the S-dual phases, while models in different S-duality orbits have a different Lens index. We provide analogous computations for a 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 toric quiver gauge theory corresponding to a ℤ7 orbifold of ℂ3. This SU(n)7 gauge theory becomes interesting in the case of n = 2 because it is conformally dual to other two models, with symplectic and unitary gauge groups, bifundamentals and antisymmetric tensors. We explicitly check this triality at the level of the Lens space index.