bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a comparative study between anterior fontanel ultrasound-guided versus conventional cranial end insertion
Authors: Elmesallamy Wael Abd Elrahman Ali , Abofaid Akrem Mhemed Ali , Mohamed Mohamed Salah , Taha Mahmoud M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures in pediatrics for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Shunt failure is one of the common mechanical complications which lead to major morbidities. This study aims to compare between cranial part insertions of the V-P shunts guided by trans-anterior fontanel ultrasound versus conventional insertion.

Methods
A prospective comparative randomized study was conducted on 60 pediatric patients aged ≤ 2 years who suffered hydrocephalus and allocated into 2 groups. In the first group (n = 30), the cranial parts of the ventriculoperitoneal shunts were inserted guided by trans-anterior fontanel ultrasound, and in the second group (n = 30), the insertions were by the conventional method. The follow-up duration of the patients was 3 months.

Results
Proximal part obstruction of the V-P shunt was found in 3 cases of the conventional group during follow-up with statistical insignificance (p = 0.237) while adequate proximal part location recorded statistical significance (p = 0.0005) in favor of ultrasound-guided group.

Conclusion
The use of the anterior fontanel ultrasound guide during ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion is a feasible, safe, and effective technique for the placement of ventricular catheters in pediatric patients with a patent anterior fontanel.
The added value of km-scale simulations to describe temperature over complex orography: the CORDEX FPS-Convection multi-model ensemble runs over the Alps
Authors: Soares P. M. M. , Careto J. A. M. , Cardoso Rita M. , Goergen Klaus , Katragkou Eleni , Sobolowski Stefan , Coppola Erika , Ban Nikolina , Belušić Danijel , Berthou Ségolène , Caillaud Cécile , Dobler Andreas , Hodnebrog Øivind , Kartsios Stergios , Lenderink Geert , Lorenz T. , Milovac Josipa , Feldmann Hendrik , Pichelli Emanuela , Truhetz Heimo , Demory Marie Estelle , de Vries Hylke , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Keuler Klaus , Raffa Mario , Tölle Merja , Sieck Kevin , Bastin Sophie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe increase in computational resources has enabled the emergence of multi-model ensembles of convection-permitting regional climate model (CPRCM) simulations at very high horizontal resolutions. An example is the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study on “Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean”, a set of kilometre-scale simulations over an extended Alpine domain. This first-of-its-kind multi-model ensemble, forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, can be considered a benchmark dataset. This study uses a recently proposed metric to determine the added value of all the available Flagship Pilot Study hindcast kilometre-scale simulations for maximum and minimum temperature. The analysis is performed using state-of-the-art gridded and station observations as ground truth. This approach directly assesses the added value between the high-resolution CPRCMs against their driving global simulations and coarser resolution RCM counterparts. Overall, models display some modest gains, but also considerable shortcomings are exhibited. In part, these deficiencies can be attributed to the assimilation of temperature observations into ERA-Interim. Although the gains for the use of kilometre-scale resolution for temperature are limited, the improvement of the spatial representation of local atmospheric circulations and land–atmosphere interactions can ultimately lead to gains, particularly in coastal areas.
See clearer: survey on the subjective and objective information levels as well as perception and information transfer using virtual reality headsets in patients with diabetic macular edema receiving anti-VEGF treatment
Authors: Enders Christian , Duncker Tobias , Schürks Markus , Scholz Paula , Dörner Julia , Müller Christian , Wachtlin Joachim , Lommatzsch Albrecht 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of a VR Headset in routine clinical practice as an additional source of information for patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and their companions.

Methods
Survey including 121 patients with DME, 22 companions, and 14 healthcare professionals from 8 ophthalmology centers in Germany. Patients’ and their companions’ health literacy was assessed by questionnaires including knowledge statements before and after watching a VR-based 3-D educational video. HCPs’ perspectives on the usability of a VR Headset were also assessed.

Results
Patients’ mean age was 63.4 ± 12.2 years, 64.5% were men, and 76% (92/121) had previous anti-VEGF (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor) injections. After using the VR Headset, over 85% of patients and companions felt better informed about DME and its treatment. Patients’ mean (± SD) number of correct answers to knowledge statements increased from 13.2 ± 3.7 before to 15.5 ± 2.3 after using the VR Headset. Over 95% of patients and companions rated content and ease of understanding of the video as “very good” or “good.” Most patients and all companions considered the use of a VR Headset as a positive experience, most wishing to obtain information via VR Headset in the future. Most physicians and all medical assistants rated the effect of the VR Headset on patient satisfaction as positive and suggested further VR modules.

Conclusion
After using the VR Headset, patients with DME and their companions demonstrated knowledge gains that may be meaningful individually and contribute to better adherence. This may offer an additional opportunity for knowledge transfer.
Cellular automaton created as an m-ary product of algebraic quasi-multiautomata
Authors: Křehlík Štěpán 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we follow the construction of an n-ary system of Cartesian composition of multiautomata with internal links, where we define the internal links to the homogeneous and heterogeneous products of multi-automata. While the introduction of an internal link is rectilinear in the Cartesian composition, it requires a new approach in product construction for the other two automata products. In this way, it is possible to focus on multiple options for creating these systems. More specifically, we combine automata and multi-automata with binding according to the basic definitions given by Dörfler. This approach shows new connections to cellular automata, which allow for the modeling of phenomena in many areas. At the end of the work, we discuss the advantages of these individual schemes for quasi-multiautomata connections.
Long-term missing value imputation for time series data using deep neural networks
Authors: Park Jangho , Müller Juliane , Arora Bhavna , Faybishenko Boris , Pastorello Gilberto , Varadharajan Charuleka , Sahu Reetik , Agarwal Deborah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present an approach that uses a deep learning model, in particular, a MultiLayer Perceptron, for estimating the missing values of a variable in multivariate time series data. We focus on filling a long continuous gap (e.g., multiple months of missing daily observations) rather than on individual randomly missing observations. Our proposed gap filling algorithm uses an automated method for determining the optimal MLP model architecture, thus allowing for optimal prediction performance for the given time series. We tested our approach by filling gaps of various lengths (three months to three years) in three environmental datasets with different time series characteristics, namely daily groundwater levels, daily soil moisture, and hourly Net Ecosystem Exchange. We compared the accuracy of the gap-filled values obtained with our approach to the widely used R-based time series gap filling methods and . The results indicate that using an MLP for filling a large gap leads to better results, especially when the data behave nonlinearly. Thus, our approach enables the use of datasets that have a large gap in one variable, which is common in many long-term environmental monitoring observations.
Leveraging compatibility and diversity in computer-aided music mashup creation
Authors: Bernardo Gonçalo , Bernardes Gilberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe advance Mixmash-AIS, a multimodal optimization music mashup creation model for loop recombination at scale. Our motivation is to (1) tackle current scalability limitations in state-of-the-art (brute force) computational mashup models while enforcing the (2) compatibility of audio loops and (3) a pool of diverse mashups that can accommodate user preferences. To this end, we adopt the artificial immune system (AIS) opt-aiNet algorithm to efficiently compute a population of compatible and diverse music mashups from loop recombinations. Optimal mashups result from local minima in a feature space representing harmonic, rhythmic, and spectral musical audio compatibility. We objectively assess the compatibility, diversity, and computational performance of Mixmash-AIS generated mashups compared to a standard genetic algorithm (GA) and a brute force (BF) approach. Furthermore, we conducted a perceptual test to validate the objective evaluation function within Mixmash-AIS in capturing user enjoyment of the computer-generated loop mashups. Our results show that while the GA stands as the most efficient algorithm, the AIS opt-aiNet outperforms both the GA and BF approaches in terms of compatibility and diversity. Our listening test has shown that Mixmash-AIS objective evaluation function significantly captures the perceptual compatibility of loop mashups (p < .001).
The Tamins rock avalanche (eastern Switzerland): timing and emplacement processes
Authors: Pfiffner O. Adrian , Ivy-Ochs Susan , Mussina Zhasmin , Aaron Jordan , Steinemann Olivia , Vockenhuber Christof , Akçar Naki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Tamins rock avalanche lies adjacent to the Flims rock avalanche, the largest in the Alps. Its deposit forms a ridge across the Rhine Valley just downstream of the confluence of the Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein rivers. The deposit is dominated by a 1.6-km-long longitudinal ridge, Ils Aults, and two roughly 600-m-long transverse ridges. Several extensional scarps bear witness to spreading of the deposit. A breach through the deposit, where the Rhine River presently flows, reveals a carapace and intense fragmentation. Exposure dating using cosmogenic 36Cl yields an age of 9420 ± 880 years. This suggests that the Tamins event occurred in a time frame similar to the Flims event but was slightly earlier than the Flims rock avalanche, as also required by stratigraphic relationships. 3D volume modeling reveals bulking of only 14%. The motion of the rock avalanche seems to have occurred first as a flexible block, which underwent fragmentation and simple shearing where the top moved faster than the bottom. The ensuing spreading led to the formation of extensional scarps. There is no identified weak layer along the sliding surface; nevertheless, modeling suggests a friction angle of 10°.
Effectiveness of taxanes following nivolumab in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective chart review of patients in ATTRACTION-3
Authors: Chin Keisho , Yamamoto Shun , Takahashi Masanobu , Kadowaki Shigenori , Kubota Yutaro , Amanuma Yusuke , Okada Morihito , Kanda Mitsuro , Kimura Yasue , Nogi Yuhiko , Arimitsu Yuko , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The phase III ATTRACTION-3 study showed that second-line nivolumab monotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma prolonged overall survival (OS) but did not improve progression-free survival (PFS). Subsequent systemic therapy after discontinuing nivolumab may affect these outcomes. To test this possibility, we evaluated the outcomes of treatment with taxanes after nivolumab in ATTRACTION-3.

Methods
We reviewed the charts of Japanese patients who had discontinued second-line nivolumab in ATTRACTION-3 and started subsequent third-line taxanes between January 7, 2016, and November 12, 2018. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) to third-line taxanes.

Results
Of the 75 patients included in this study, 54 (72%), 18 (24%), and 3 (4%) patients received either paclitaxel, docetaxel, or combination therapy comprising docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. The ORR in the overall, paclitaxel, and docetaxel groups was 29.6%, 36.5%, and 12.5%, respectively; these numbers were comparable to those (20–44%) in patients receiving taxanes as first- and second-line therapy. The median OS in the overall, paclitaxel, and docetaxel groups was 9.9, 9.9, and 9.3 months, respectively, whereas the corresponding median PFS was 4.9, 4.7 and 6.5 months, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events were observed in 65 (87%) patients, of which grade 3–4 occurred in 37 (49%) patients.

Conclusions
Favorable effectiveness and safety profile of taxanes following second-line nivolumab was observed in Japanese patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. When a patient with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving nivolumab becomes refractory or intolerant, subsequent taxane treatment may be a promising option.
“Maybe in a few years I'll be able to look at it”: a preliminary study of documentary issues in the Ukrainian refugee experience
Authors: Wiśniewska-Drewniak Magdalena , Lowry James , Kravchenko Nadiia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFollowing the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia, millions of refugees have fled Ukraine for safety in neighbouring countries, including Poland. This movement of people has been facilitated by, and has produced, documentation that will have significant afterlives as evidence and memory. The records refugees have carried with them, the records they have made during flight, and the records created in their encounters with states and communities beyond their homeland, will be important in the prosecution of war crimes, the reconstruction of events, the reconstitution of communities and the protection of rights and entitlements. This article sets out the findings of a pilot study into the documentary experiences of Ukrainian refugees in Poland. Interviews conducted by and with Ukrainian refugees consider the removal of records, the documentation of the refugee experience, the documentary requirements of border crossings, and the informational requirements of life beyond the border. Although drawing on a limited study population, the research surfaces some significant issues related to the preservation of memory and culture, exclusionary and hostile government information systems, and research ethics. This article could help to inform archival solidarity with Ukraine; it underscores the need for trauma-informed archival research and practice; and finally suggests the need for a person-centered approach to this work.
Quantifying the Lucky Droplet Model for Rainfall
Authors: Wilkinson Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to explain rainfall from ice-free clouds, because the timescale for the onset of rain showers is shorter than the mean time for collisions between microscopic water droplets. It has been suggested that raindrops are produced from very rare ‘lucky’ droplets, which undergo a large number of collisions on a timescale which is short compared to the mean time for the first collision. This work uses large deviation theory to develop estimates for the timescale for the onset of a rain shower, as a function of the collision rate coefficients. The growth history of the fast-growing droplets which do become raindrops is discussed. It is shown that their first few collisions are always approximately equally spaced in time, regardless of how the mean time for collisions varies as a function of the number of collisions.
Examining the causal effect of pretrial detention on case outcomes: a judge fixed effect instrumental variable approach
Authors: Koppel Stephen , Bergin Tiffany , Ropac René , Randolph Imani , Joseph Hannah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract Exploiting quasi-random assignment to NYC arraignment judges with varying propensities to detain, we use a judge fixed effect instrumental variable approach to estimate the impact of pretrial detention on several case outcomes: guilty plea, conviction, and carceral sentence. We find that any period of pretrial detention increases the likelihood of a guilty plea by 23 percentage points, a conviction by 24 percentage points, and a carceral sentence by 35 percentage points. Stratified analyses show differences in the size of the effect by charge severity and race: felony defendants experienced a larger effect on all case outcomes; non-Black defendants experienced a larger effect on guilty pleas and convictions; and Black defendants experienced a larger effect on carceral sentences.
Is the oxidative potential of components of fine particulate matter surface-mediated?
Authors: Baumann Karsten , Wietzoreck Marco , Shahpoury Pourya , Filippi Alexander , Hildmann Stefanie , Lelieveld Steven , Berkemeier Thomas , Tong Haijie , Pöschl Ulrich , Lammel Gerhard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Redox-active substances in fine particulate matter (PM) contribute to inhalation health risks through their potential to generate reactive oxygen species in epithelial lung lining fluid (ELF). The ELF’s air–liquid interface (ALI) can play an important role in the phase transfer and multi-phase reactions of redox-active PM constituents. We investigated the influence of interfacial processes and properties by scrubbing of coated nano-particles with simulated ELF in a nebulizing mist chamber. Weakly water-soluble redox-active organics abundant in ambient fine PM were reproducibly loaded into ELF via ALI mixing. The resulting oxidative potential (OP) of selected quinones and other PAH derivatives were found to exceed the OP resulting from bulk mixing of the same amounts of redox-active substances and ELF. Our results indicate that the OP of PM components depends not only on the PM substance properties but also on the ELF interface properties and uptake mechanisms. OP measurements based on bulk mixing of phases may not represent the effective OP in the human lung.
Detection of lisdexamfetamine and its metabolite d-amphetamine in urine and gastric contents collected from a cadaver at forensic autopsy
Authors: Torimitsu Suguru , Saka Kanju , Noritake Kanako , Namera Akira , Makino Yohsuke , Yamaguchi Rutsuko , Iwase Hirotaro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lisdexamfetamine (LDX), which is used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, is composed of l-lysine attached to dextroamphetamine (d-amphetamine). In this article, we report a forensic autopsy case in which prescription drugs were unknown at autopsy. While amphetamine was detected, methamphetamine could not be detected by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in any of samples collected. Thus, we aimed to quantify LDX concentrations in autopsy samples and to prove that the amphetamine detected in this case was due to metabolized LDX.

Methods
Femoral vein blood, cardiac whole blood, urine, and gastric content samples were taken at autopsy for toxicological analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using LC–MS/MS. In addition, optical isomer separation for the amphetamine detected was conducted. The stability of LDX in whole blood and urine was also examined at three different temperatures.

Results
The concentrations of LDX were < 4.00, 30.9, and 4.42 ng/mL in whole blood, urine, and gastric content samples, respectively. The concentrations of amphetamine were 329, 510, 2970, and 915 ng/mL in femoral vein blood, heart whole blood, urine, and gastric contents, respectively. The amphetamine detected in this case was identified to be only d-amphetamine by optical isomer separation. The d-amphetamine detected was considered to be derived from LDX. Stability experiments revealed that LDX in whole blood decreased at ambient temperature.

Conclusions
The results in the present case report may be useful in interpreting whether or not the amphetamine detected in a cadaver is a metabolite of LDX.
Quantifying Equiaxed vs Epitaxial Solidification in Laser Melting of CMSX-4 Single Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Jiang Runbo , Ren Zhongshu , Aroh Joseph , Mostafaei Amir , Gould Benjamin , Sun Tao , Rollett Anthony D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe competition between epitaxialvs.equiaxed solidification has been investigated in CMSX-4 single crystal superalloy during laser melting as practiced in additive manufacturing. Single-track laser scans were performed on a powder-free surface of directionally solidified CMSX-4 alloy with several combinations of laser power and scanning velocity. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) mapping facilitated identification of new orientations,i.e., “stray grains” that nucleated within the fusion zone along with their area fraction and spatial distribution. Using high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations, both the temperature and fluid velocity fields within the melt pool were estimated. This information was combined with a nucleation model to determine locations where nucleation has the highest probability to occur in melt pools. In conformance with general experience in metals additive manufacturing, the as-solidified microstructure of the laser-melted tracks is dominated by epitaxial grain growth; nevertheless, stray grains were evident in elongated melt pools. It was found that, though a higher laser scanning velocity and lower power are generally helpful in the reduction of stray grains, the combination of a stable keyhole and minimal fluid velocity further mitigates stray grains in laser single tracks.
Can living donor liver transplantation provide similar outcomes to deceased-donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elkomos Beshoy Effat , Abdo Mostafa , Mamdouh Remon , Abdelaal Amr 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and Aim
A potential solution to the deceased organ shortage is to include live organ donations and to identify patients with lower rates of HCC recurrence to fairly allocate liver grafts. Our aims were to detect the long-term outcomes of LDLT versus DDLT for HCC and predictors of recurrence after transplantation.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies from inception to July 2021 and a systematic review and meta-analysis were done.

Results
35 studies with a total of 7822 patients were included. The 1-, 3-, 4 year-OS showed trivial improvement for LDLT recipients. However, the two modalities had similar 5-, 6- and 10-year OS. A significant improvement in the ITT-OS was observed for LDLT recipients. Regarding the DFS and recurrence after transplantation, no significant difference was observed between LDLT and DDLT. In addition to that, the pooled hazard ratio of the included studies showed that Milan criteria, level of AFP, presence of vascular invasion, tumor differentiation were significant predictors of recurrence.

Conclusion
The cancer biology (not the graft type) is the most important determinant of recurrence and survival after LT. However, LDLT provided much better survival benefits to HCC patients especially in regions that suffer from low deceased organ availability.