bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices surrounding the prescription of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Selamoglu Melis , Erbas Bircan , Kasiviswanathan Karthika , Barton Chris 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
General practitioners (GPs) play an important role in providing patients who smoke with health information, support and treatment to encourage them to quit smoking. Despite conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a smoking cessation aid, there is growing interest in the role e-cigarettes might play as an alternative to smoking tobacco. This systematic review aims to synthesise evidence from qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies of the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and social norms of GPs with respect to the use of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

Methods
This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies from MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, EMBASE and grey literature were searched. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full-text articles to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. A data extraction form was used to extract relevant data from included papers and were quality appraised using the MMAT checklist. A PRISMA flow diagram was used to record the flow of papers and reasons for exclusion. Studies were included if they collected quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods data to determine knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and social norms of GPs for use of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

Results
A total of 4056 abstracts were screened and 25 articles were included. Our findings showed that GPs had mixed views on recommending e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid. Some GPs were optimistic and had recommended e-cigarettes to their patients. Others were reluctant and disagreed that e-cigarettes are an effective method to quit smoking. Most GPs lacked knowledge and confidence in having discussions with patients around e-cigarette safety and efficacy as smoking cessation alternatives.

Conclusion
This systematic review shows there are mixed views on e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids. Clear guidance on the role of e-cigarettes is needed to inform and upskill GPs about e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.

PROSPERO registration
CRD42021227612.
Association between friendship quality and subjective wellbeing among adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Alsarrani Abdullah , Hunter Ruth F. , Dunne Laura , Garcia Leandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial integration with friends has an important role in shaping adolescents’ behavior and determining their wellbeing. Friendship features such as companionship, trust, closeness, intimacy, and conflicts all form the concept of friendship quality. The quality of friendships can either enhance or impede mental development during adolescence. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to understand the association between friendship quality and adolescents’ mental wellbeing.MethodsIn November 2020 and later in August 2022, the search for evidence was conducted on five databases (Medline, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, and PsycINFO). Only peer-reviewed quantitative studies published from January 2000 to August 2022 that investigated friendship quality as their exposure variable in relation to six constructs of subjective wellbeing (mood, loneliness, life satisfaction, happiness, self-esteem, and subjective wellbeing) were included. After screening for eligibility, two reviewers independently extracted the data based on population characteristics, study design, exposure and outcome variables, outcome measures used, and results. Risk of bias assessment was performed utilizing the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Narrative evidence synthesis was performed based on the constructs of subjective wellbeing.ResultsForty-three articles out of 21,585 records were included in the review. The relationship between friendship quality and depression has been investigated extensively in the literature and negative (beneficial) associations were found in eighteen studies out of twenty-three. Poor peer relationship was associated with loneliness in nine studies out of ten. All seven studies on life satisfaction and quality of peer connection found a positive association. In five studies, better peer relationship was found to be associated with happiness. A positive association between friendship quality and self-esteem was observed in five out of six applicable studies. Friendship quality was found to be positively associated with subjective well-being in all of five included studies.ConclusionsAlthough majority of the included studies were cross-sectional in nature, this review demonstrates the paramount value of promoting healthy friendship to adolescents’ subjective wellbeing constructs. Interventions that aim to promote subjective wellbeing among adolescents should consider the development and maintenance of healthy friendships.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020219312.
Altered muscle recruitment patterns during isometric shoulder abduction in individuals with chronic upper trapezius pain: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kim Hyun-A , Kwon Oh-Yun , Yi Chung-Hwi , Jeon Hye-Seon , Choi Woochol Joseph , Weon Jong-Hyuck 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Upper trapezius (UT) pain with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) can affect movement at the glenohumeral joint as well as at the scapulothoracic joint. The investigation of muscle recruitment patterns can discern motor control strategies. The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder muscle recruitment patterns and muscle activity according to various loads between individuals with and without chronic UT pain.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, twenty-four participants that had UT pain with MTrPs and sex, age, body weight matched 24 controls with no UT pain were recruited. Surface EMG electrodes were attached to the UT, the serratus anterior (SA), the lower trapezius (LT) and the middle deltoid (MD). All participants performed isometric shoulder abduction with a load of 25%, 50%, or 75% of the maximum strength at 60° of shoulder abduction. The EMG activity, the activity ratio (SA/UT, LT/UT, MD/UT), and the relative contribution of each muscle activity were calculated.

Results
MD activity was significantly decreased in the UT pain group compared to that in the control group (p < 0.05). The EMG activity ratio of SA/UT (p < 0.025) and the relative contribution of SA activity to shoulder abduction (p < 0.05) were significantly greater in the UT pain group than in the control group in the 25% loading condition.

Conclusion
The results of present study showed that UT pain with MTrPs may increase the relative contribution of SA activity and decrease MD activity at low loads. Altered recruitment patterns of scapular upward rotators can be altered in the proper scapular position, which results in decreased MD activity. Clinicians should consider altered recruitment patterns when managing UT pain.

Trial registration
Clinical Research Information Service: Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0007370; 08/06/2022).
T1ρ, T2 and T2* mapping of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a comparison study
Authors: Yang Li , Sun Cong , Gong Tao , Li Quanlin , Chen Xin , Zhang Xinjuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Early and accurate assessment of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is very important to therapeutic strategy. This study aims to correlate and compare the performances of T1ρ, T2 and T2* mapping for Pfirrmann grades and morphologic changes in the IVDD.

Methods
This prospective study included 39 subjects with 195 lumbar discs. T1ρ, T2 and T2* mapping were performed, and T1ρ, T2 and T2* values of nucleus pulposus (NP), and anterior and posterior annulus fibrosus were measured. IVDD was assessed with Pfirrmann grading and morphologic changes (normal, bulging, herniation and annular fissure). The performances of T1ρ, T2 and T2* relaxation times were compared for detecting early (Pfirrmann grade II-III) and advanced degeneration (Pfirrmann grade IV–V), as well as for morphologic changes.

Results
T2 relaxation times was strongly corelated with T1ρ and T2* relaxation times. Areas under the curves (AUCs) of T1ρ, T2 and T2* relaxation times of NP were 0.70, 0.87 and 0.80 for early degeneration, and 0.91, 0.95 and 0.82 for advanced degeneration, respectively. AUCs of T1ρ, T2 and T2* relaxation times of NP were 0.78, 0.83 and 0.64 for bulging discs, 0.87, 0.89 and 0.69 for herniated discs, and 0.79, 0.82 and 0.69 for annular tearing, respectively. The AUC of T2 relaxation time was significantly higher than those of T1ρ relaxation times (both P < 0.01) for early IVDD, and the AUCs of T1ρ and T2 relaxation times for assessing advanced degeneration and morphologic changes were similar (P > 0.05) but significantly higher than that of T2*relaxation time (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
T2 mapping performed better than T1ρ mapping for the detection of early IVDD. T1ρ and T2 mapping performed similarly but better than T2* mapping for advanced degeneration and morphologic changes of IVDD.
Low back pain is associated with sleep disturbance: a 3-year longitudinal study after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Yabe Yutaka , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sugawara Yumi , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Low back pain and sleep disturbance are common health problems worldwide which are also commonly observed among people after natural disasters. These symptoms are well known to coexist, and recent reports have indicated that sleep disturbance is a risk factor for low back pain. However, the influence of low back pain on sleep disturbance has rarely been assessed; therefore, this study aimed to clarify the association of low back pain with sleep disturbance, especially focusing on the frequency of low back pain, using 3-year cohort data after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Methods
This study used the data obtained from people living in the disaster-affected areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake (n = 2,097). Low back pain and sleep disturbance were assessed at 4, 5, 6, and 7 years after the disaster. The frequency of low back pain was defined as the number of low back pain episodes at and before the evaluation time point and categorized into five groups such as absence, 1, 2, 3, and 4 at the fourth time point and four groups such as absence, 1, 2, and 3 at the third time point. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of low back pain with sleep disturbance.

Results
Low back pain was significantly associated with sleep disturbance, and the association was stronger in participants with more frequent low back pain (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals],1.46 [1.10–1.95] in “1”; 2.02 [1.49–2.74] in “2”; 2.38 [1.67–3.40] in “3”; and 4.08 [2.74–6.06] in “4” in the frequency of low back pain) (P for trend < 0.001). Furthermore, antecedent low back pain was significantly associated with new-onset sleep disturbance, and the association was robust in more frequent low back pain (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals],1.60 [1.05–2.44] in “1”; 1.96 [1.20–3.21] in “2”; and 2.17 [1.14–4.14] in “3” in the frequency of low back pain) (P for trend = 0.007).

Conclusion
Our study showed that low back pain is strongly associated with sleep disturbance. Attention should be paid to low back pain to prevent and treat sleep disturbance, especially focusing on chronicity of low back pain.
Constructing and validating nomograms to predict risk and prognostic factors of distant metastasis in urothelial bladder cancer patients: a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Chen Di , Luo Zhihua , Ye Chaoping , Luo Quanhai , Fan Wenji , Chen Changsheng , Liu Gang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer worldwide and it has a poor prognosis for patients with distant metastasis. Nomograms are frequently used in clinical research, but no research has evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic factors of distant metastasis in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).

Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to analyze all patients diagnosed with UBC between 2000 and 2017. Lasso regression was used to identify the potential risk predictive factors for distant metastasis in UBC. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to determine independent prognostic factors for distant metastasis urothelial bladder cancer (DMUBC). Subsequently, two nomograms were constructed based on the above models. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and calibration curves were performed to evaluate the two nomograms.

Results
The study included 73,264 patients with UBC, with 2,129 (2.9%) having distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. In the diagnostic model, tumor size, histologic type, and stage N and T were all important risk predictive factors for distant metastasis of UBC. In the prognostic model, age, tumor size, surgery, and chemotherapy were independent factors affecting the prognosis of DMUBC. DCA, ROC, calibration, and Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival curves reveal that the two nomograms can effectively predict the diagnosis and prognosis of DMUBC.

Conclusion
The developed nomograms are practical methods for predicting the occurrence risk and prognosis of distant metastasis urothelial bladder cancer patients, which may benefit the clinical decision-making process.
Comprehensive analysis of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes facilitating osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Liao Xian-min , Guan Zheng , Yang Zhen-jin , Ma Li-ya , Dai Ying-juan , Liang Cun , Hu Jiang-tian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and macrophage polarization in periodontal tissue regeneration and bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been well documented. Nevertheless, the interactions between macrophages and PDLSCs in OTM remain to be investigated. Consequently, the present study was proposed to explore the effect of different polarization states of macrophages on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.

Methods
After M0, M1 and M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M0-exo, M1-exo and M2-exo) treatment of primary cultured human PDLSCs, respectively, mineralized nodules were observed by Alizarin red S staining, and the expression of ALP and OCN mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, correspondingly. Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNA) in M0-exo and M2-exo by miRNA microarray, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of DE-miRNA targets, and construction of protein–protein interaction networks.

Results
M2-exo augmented mineralized nodule formation and upregulated ALP and OCN expression in PDLSCs, while M0-exo had no significant effect. Compared to M0-exo, a total of 52 DE-miRNAs were identified in M2-exo. The expression of hsa-miR-6507-3p, hsa-miR-4731-3p, hsa-miR-4728-3p, hsa-miR-3614-5p and hsa-miR-6785-3p was significantly down-regulated, and the expression of hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-4800-5p, hsa-miR-4778-5p, hsa-miR-6780b-5p and hsa-miR-1227-5p was significantly up-regulated in M2-exo compared to M0-exo. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the downstream targets of DE-miRNAs were mainly involved in the differentiation and migration of multiple cells.

Conclusions
In summary, we have indicated for the first time that M2-exo can promote osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs, and have revealed the functions and pathways involved in the DE-miRNAs of M0-exo and M2-exo and their downstream targets.
Substantivity of mouth-rinse formulations containing cetylpyridinium chloride and O-cymen-5-ol: a randomized-crossover trial
Authors: Aguilera Felipe-Rodrigo , Viñas Miguel , Sierra Josep M. , Vinuesa Teresa , R. Fernandez de Henestrosa Antonio , Furmanczyk Marta , Trullàs Carles , Jourdan Eric , López-López José , Jorba Marta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of mouth-rinses strongly depends upon their substantivity. The use of natural and non-toxic products that avoid secondary effects is gaining interest in preventive dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substantivity of two formulations of mouth-washing solutions based on cetylpyridinium (CPC) and O-cymen-5-ol.

Methods
This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial conducted at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Barcelona. Bacterial re-colonization was followed by live/dead (SYTOTM9 + propidium iodide) bacterial staining and measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorometry. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals at baseline saliva and then, at 15 min, 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the following mouth-rinses: (i) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of placebo (negative control); (ii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) ; (iii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%); (iv) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) + O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%).

Results
Proportion of dead bacteria was significantly higher for all mouthrinses during the first 15 min compared to baseline (CPC = 48.0 ± 13.9; 95% CI 40.98–56.99; p < 0.001, O-cymen-5-ol = 79.8 ± 21.0; 95% CI 67.71–91.90; p < 0.05, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol = 49.4 ± 14; 95% CI 40.98–56.99; p < 0.001 by fluorometry and 54.8 ± 23.0; 95% CI 41.50–68.06; p < 0.001, 76.3 ± 17.1; 95% CI 66.36–86.14; p < 0.001, 47.4 ± 11.9; 95% CI 40.49–54.30; p < 0.001 by confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively). Nevertheless, after 4 h, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol was the only one that obtained significant values as measured by the two quantification methods used (80.3 ± 22.8; 95% CI 67.15–93.50; p < 0.05 and 81.4 ± 13.8; 95% CI 73.45–89.43; p < 0.05). The combined use of CPC + O-cymen-5-ol increased the substantivity of the mouthrinse with respect to mouthrinses prepared with either of the two active products alone.

Conclusion
The synergistic interaction of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol prolongs their substantivity. The resulting formulation may be as effective as other antimicrobials, such as triclosan or chlorhexidine, but without their undesirable secondary effects. Thus, mouthrinsing products based on Combinations of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol may replace in the near future Triclosan and Chlorhexidine—based mouthrinses.
Reasons for early marriage of women in Zahedan, Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Asadisarvestani Khadijeh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Early marriage occurs in some regions of the world. Given that early marriage can have many negative consequences for girls by affecting their physical, mental, and social health, the purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons for early marriage from the perspective of women who had experienced it in Zahedan, Iran.

Methods
This qualitative research was conducted based on the qualitative content analysis method in 2020–2021. The target population included women aged 18–35 living in Zahedan who were married under the age of 18 years. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants. In order to collect data, in-depth interviews were performed to decipher the reasons for early marriage from these women’s perspectives. A total of 36 interviews were conducted from October to December 2020 until reaching theoretical saturation. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data and extract the relevant concepts and categories.

Results
The analysis of the interviews in this study revealed three main categories:(1) “early marriage as a transcendental coercion” ( early marriage as a cultural heritage and early marriage as a control tool, girls’ weaknesses and inability to resist, dominant attitudes toward gender and gender restrictions), (2) “early marriage as a solution or a kind of problem solving” (escape from undesirable family environment, escape from financial poverty, and strategic escape from an unpleasant situation), and (3) “early marriage as a voluntary act” (real agency and imaginary agency). To substantiate these findings, we presented excerpts from the interviews conducted with the participants.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest a multidimensional picture of early marriage. It seems that improving cultural conditions and empowering families and girls in various areas, including marriage, can reduce the rate of early marriage and/or at least mitigate its undesirable consequences.
Combination of Quercetin or/and siRNA-loaded DDAB-mPEG-PCL hybrid nanoparticles reverse resistance to Regorafenib in colon cancer cells
Authors: Shahidi Shabnam , Rostamizadeh Kobra , Fathi Mojtaba , Nedaei Keivan , Ramazani Ali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death. Although Regorafenib showed survival benefits in patients with CRC, reports imply the recurrence of malignant phenotype resulting from chemotherapy. Evidence demonstrated that a5β1 integrin plays an important role in the Regorafenib treatment, which, may be led to resistance. In this study, the effects of /siRNA or/ and Quercetin loaded DDAB-mPEG-PCLnanoparticles could reverse this resistance phenotype in colon cancer cells in vitro.

Methods
Regorafenib-resistant Ls-180 colon cancer cell line was developed by long-term exposure to Regorafenib. Quercetin and Regorafenib were separately encapsulated into mPEG-PCL micelles through the nano-precipitation method and characterized by DLS. Optimized doses of Quercetin and Regorafenib were used for combination therapy of resistant cells followed cytotoxicity study using MTT. Gene expression levels of the β1 subunit of integrin were determined by the real-time method of RT-PCR.

Results
Developed Regorafenib resistant LS-180 showed to have Regorafenib IC50 of 38.96 ± 1.72 µM whereas IC50 in non-resistant cells were 8.51 ± 0.29 µM, which meaningful was lower statistically compared to that of a resistant one. The β1 mRNA level of whole α5β1 integrin was significantly higher in the resistant cells compared to those of non-resistant ones. Gene expression levels in each siRNA-loaded nanoparticle and Quercetin-loaded one were lower than that in mock experiments. Finally, when these two types of nanoparticles were used to treat resistant cells, gene expression decrease of integrin indicated a greater effect that could be capable of reverse resistancy.

Conclusion
Results of this study demonstrated another confirmation of involving integrins in cancer resistance following chemotherapy using Regorafenib. Also, it indicated how using siRNA targeting integrin could enhance the plant derivatives like Quercetin effects to reverse resistance in vitro.