bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a dual energy CT based model to assess response to treatment in patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer: a pilot cohort study
Authors: Alizzi Zena , Gogbashian Andrew , Karteris Emmanouil , Hall Marcia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In patients with cancer, the current gold standard for assessing response to treatment involves measuring cancer lesions on computed tomography (CT) imaging. The percentage change in size of specific lesions determines whether patients have had a complete/partial response or progressive disease, according to RECIST criteria. Dual Energy CT (DECT) permits additional measurements of iodine concentration, a surrogate marker of vascularity. Here we explore the role of changes in iodine concentration within cancer tissue on CT scans to assess its suitability for determining treatment response in patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Methods
Suitable RECIST measurable lesions were identified from the CT images of HGSOC patients, taken at 2 different time points (pre and post treatment). Changes in size and iodine concentration were measured for each lesion. PR/SD were classified as responders, PD was classified as non-responder. Radiological responses were correlated with clinical and CA125 outcomes.

Results
62 patients had appropriate imaging for assessment. 22 were excluded as they only had one DECT scan. 32/40 patients assessed (113 lesions) had received treatment for relapsed HGSOC. RECIST and GCIG (Gynaecologic Cancer Inter Group) CA125 criteria / clinical assessment of response for patients was correlated with changes in iodine concentration, before and after treatment. The prediction of median progression free survival was significantly better associated with changes in iodine concentration (p = 0.0001) and GCIG Ca125 / clinical assessment (p = 0.0028) in comparison to RECIST criteria (p = 0.43).

Conclusion
Changes in iodine concentration from dual energy CT imaging may be more suitable than RECIST in assessing response to treatment in patients with HGSOC.

Trial Registration
CICATRIx IRAS number 198179, 14 Dec 2015, https://www.myresearchproject.org.uk/.
Differences in Korean learners’ acquisition of causative expressions: focus on learners’ proficiency level
Authors: Jeong Hyeyun , Kim Hojung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines the learning patterns of intermediate and advanced Korean learners in the acquisition of causative expressions according to their proficiency and the causative sentence type. We measured their grammatical knowledge using three types of grammaticality judgment tasks (GJTs) and self-paced reading tasks (SPRTs) differing in time limit and modality. We included the GJT A' score and reading time (RT) for SPRTs’ target and spillover regions. The results showed that intermediate learners’ accuracy for morphological and lexical causatives was lower than that for syntactic causatives, while advanced learners’ accuracy for lexical causatives was lower than that for syntactic and morphological causatives. Learners showed a lower accuracy for timed written and aural GJTs than untimed GJT. In SPRT, learners took twice as long to process the target regions as native speakers and even longer to process spillover regions. Advanced learners had a longer RT. Learners had a low correct rate for causative suffix substitution and adjectival root questions, substitution questions on causative markers, and substitution questions on causee case postpositions in morphological, syntactic, and lexical causatives. Learners showed confusion with active sentences in lexical causatives. This study has implications for understanding causative expression acquisition for learners’ proficiency levels.
Dietary patterns and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in an elderly Iranian population: a case–control study
Authors: Hashemi Rezvan , Vahabi Zahra , Rasekhi Hamid , Shiraseb Farideh , Amini Maryam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of studies in Western countries have shown that healthy eating patterns have a protective effect against cognitive decline and dementia, however, information about this relationship among non-western populations with different cultural environments is scarce. The present study investigated the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and cognitive function in the Iranian elderly.

Methods
In this case–control study, the data of 290 elderly people in two groups of case and control (Mean age in case: 74.2 ± 8.6, in control: 67.3 ± 7.3 year) were analyzed. Two DPs of healthy and unhealthy were extracted from a 142-item dish-based food frequency questionnaire, and patterns driven by principal components analysis (PCA) of 25 food groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression calculated the odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment with adjustment for potential confounding factors.

Results
A healthy DP, characterized by high consumption of fruits and vegetables, legumes, and nuts, was related to a decrease in the odds of Alzheimer’s disease in Iranian elderly people. Also, moderate adherence to an unhealthy food pattern was associated with an increase in the probability of the disease; however, the association was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
In this elderly population, a healthy eating pattern was associated with reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Further prospective studies are recommended.
Novel lipidomes profile and clinical phenotype identified in pneumoconiosis patients
Authors: Shi Liyong , Dai Xiaofang , Yan Furong , Lin Yujun , Lin Lianshun , Zhang Yongquan , Zeng Yiming , Chen Xiaoyang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Pneumoconiosis is a group of occupational lung diseases caused by the inhalation of mineral dust in the lungs, leading to lung dysfunction. Patients with pneumoconiosis are usually accompanied by weight loss, which suggests a lipid metabolism disorder. Recent progress in lipidomics uncovered detailed lipid profiles that play important roles in respiratory diseases, such as asthma, lung cancer and lung injury. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the different expression of lipidome between pneumoconiosis and healthy, hoping to bring new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis.

Methodology
This non-matching case–control study was performed among 96 subjects (48 outpatients with male pneumoconiosis and 48 healthy volunteers), data of clinical phenotypes were recorded, and plasma biochemistry (lipidomic profiles) was tested for both pneumoconiosis patients and healthy controls. A total of 426 species in 11 lipid classes were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqQ-MS) for the cases and controls. We also analyzed the correlation of lipid profiles with clinical phenomes from pneumoconiosis patients by expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) model to evaluate trans-nodules between lipidomic profiles and clinical phenomes. All visually re-checked data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools (t-test or one-way ANOVA test) on SPSS.

Results
Compared with healthy people, 26 significantly increased (> 1.5-fold) and 30 decreased lipid elements (< 2/threefold) in patients with pneumoconiosis were identified (P values all < 0.05). The majority of those elevated lipid elements were phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and the minority were free fatty acids (FFAs), while phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) declined in pneumoconiosis. Clinical trans-omics analyses demonstrated that phenomes in pneumoconiosis connections with multiple lipids, which showed that pH, lung function, mediastinal lymph node calcification, and complication were highly correlated with lipid elements. Furthermore, up-regulated PE was corresponded to pH, smoking history and mediastinal lymph node calcification. PC was corresponded to dust exposure history, BMI and mediastinal lymph node calcification.

Conclusion
We found altered lipid panels between male pneumoconiosis patients and healthy people by qualitatively and quantitatively measured plasma lipidomic profiles. The trans-omic analysis between clinical phenomes and lipidomes might have the potential to uncover the heterogeneity of lipid metabolism of pneumoconiosis patients and to screen out clinically significant phenome-based lipid panels.
A white-box model for real-time simulation of acid–base balance in blood plasma
Authors: Antonius Timothy A. J. , van Meurs Willem W. L. , Westerhof Berend E. , de Boode Willem P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Maintaining an optimal acid base is important for the patient. The theory underlying acid–base balance can be challenging for clinicians and educators. These considerations justify creating simulations that include realistic changes to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, pH, and bicarbonate ion concentration in a range of conditions. Our explanatory simulation application requires a model that derives these variables from total carbon dioxide content and runs in real time. The presented model is derived from the Stewart model, which is based on physical and chemical principles, and takes into account the effects of weak acids and strong ions on the acid–base balance. An inventive code procedure allows for efficient computation. The simulation results match target data for a broad range of clinically and educationally relevant disturbances of the acid–base balance. The model code meets the real-time goals of the application and can be applied in other educational simulations. Python model source code is made available.
The Cuban melting pot in the late colonial period
Authors: Livi-Bacci Massimo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBetween 1774, the date of the first official enumeration, and the end of the following century, the population of Cuba grew ninefold to 1.6 million, mostly because of the slave trade, and immigration from Spain. While census data offer a relatively dependable mass of data, although spare in details, vital statistics are rare and of very poor quality. The paper attempts an analysis of the factors of growth of the three major “racial” groups—the White, the Mulatto, and the Black—and of their mixing. It confirmed the commonly accepted notion of the higher mortality, and lower fertility, of the Black population (mainly slaves): its losses due to the negative natural balance were more than offset in the first phase by the inflow of slaves. But the Black population declined in the second part of the nineteenth century with the demise of the trade. The theory of the fastest growth of the Mulatto group because of the frequent intrusion of the White males in the Black reproductive pool, could not be clearly verified, although it is fully supported by the developments of the following century.
Impact of access to improved water and sanitation on diarrhea reduction among rural under-five children in low and middle-income countries: a propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Chilot Dagmawi , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Kibret Anteneh Ayelign , Asratie Melaku Hunie , Shibabaw Yadelew Yimer , Aragaw Fantu Mamo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Diarrhea, the second leading cause of child morbidity and mortality worldwide, is responsible for more than 90% of deaths in children under 5 years of age in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The high burden of diarrhea is mainly attributable to the limited access to improved water and sanitation. However, the impacts of improved sanitation and drinking water in preventing diarrheal diseases are not well understood. Therefore, this study estimated both the independent and joint effects of improved sanitation and water on diarrhea occurrence among rural under-five children in LMICs.

Methods
The current study utilized secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets conducted between 2016 and 2021 in 27 LMICs. A total weighted sample of 330,866 under-five children was included in the study. We employed propensity score matching analysis (PSMA) to examine the effects of accessing improved water and sanitation on childhood diarrheal disease reduction.

Results
The prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in rural LMICs was 11.02% (95% CI; 10.91%, 11.31%). The probability of developing diarrhea among under-five children from households with improved sanitation and water was 16.6% (Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) = − 0.166) and 7.4% (ATT = − 0.074) times less likely among those from households with unimproved sanitation and water, respectively. Access to improved water and sanitation is significantly associated with a 24.5% (ATT = − 0.245) reduction of diarrheal disease among under-five children.

Conclusions
Improved sanitation and drinking water source reduced the risk of diarrhea among under-five children in LMIC. The effects of both interventions (improved water and sanitation) had a larger impact on the reduction of diarrheal disease than the improvements to water or sanitation alone. Therefore, achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) is key to reducing diarrhea among rural under-five children.
Knowledge of genetics of hearing and genetic counseling among practicing audiologists
Authors: Madhu Harini , Harinath Sathya , Parvathi Venkatachalam Deepa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Hearing loss occurs during various periods of life. Around half of the world's hearing loss is considered to be inherited or genetic. Audiologists play a key role in educating the patient/family about the origin of hearing loss and counseling on genetic aspects of hearing. Genetics has been part of the curriculum in India for the specialised master’s degree in audiology since 2009. There is a need to investigate the impact of this course on the field of knowledge and practice of hearing genetics among audiologists. In this study, we examined the knowledge and practice of genetics of hearing among audiologists practicing in India. In addition, we compared graduates who learnt genetics in their curriculum with graduates who did not.

Method
A thirty-six-point questionnaire was developed based on clinical and research studies conducted hitherto and inputs from practicing geneticists. The survey consists of five domains. 133 audiologists participated in the study.

Results
Based on percentage analysis, overall knowledge and practice of the genetics of hearing among the audiologists were not adequate in certain aspects of the genetics of hearing (inheritance pattern and genetic counseling). There were no significant differences in knowledge and practice between audiologists based on educational qualifications and work experience.

Conclusion
This novel study compared knowledge of audiologists and practice based on their work experience and educational qualifications. The present study reported that the majority of audiologists were interested in updating their knowledge about the genetics of hearing.
Hypofractionation Adoption in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: Results of an International Survey
Authors: Sabbagh Ali , Weiss Jessica , Tawk Bouchra , Mohammed Mohammed A. , Abdulbaki Hasan , Moraes Fabio Y. , Grover Surbhi , Yap Mei Ling , Zubizarreta Eduardo , Lievens Yolande , Rodin Danielle , Mohamad Osama 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE Hypofractionation is noninferior to conventional fractionation in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Using results from the European Society of Radiation Oncology's (ESTRO) Global Impact of Radiotherapy in Oncology (GIRO) initiative survey on hypofractionation, this study identifies rates of adoption, facilitating factors, and barriers to adoption of hypofractionation in prostate cancer across World Bank income groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ESTRO-GIRO initiative administered an international, anonymous, electronic survey to radiation oncologists from 2018 to 2019. Physician demographics, clinical practice characteristics, and hypofractionation regimen use (if any) for several prostate cancer scenarios were collected. Responders were asked about specific justifications and barriers to adopting hypofractionation, and responses were stratified by World Bank income group. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze variables associated with hypofractionation preference. RESULTS A total of 1,157 physician responses were included. Most respondents (60%) were from high-income countries (HICs). In the curative setting, hypofractionation was most often preferred in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancers, with 52% and 47% of respondents reporting hypofractionation use in ≥50% of patients, respectively. These rates drop to 35% and 20% in high-risk prostate cancer and where pelvic irradiation is indicated. Most respondents (89%) preferred hypofractionation in the palliative setting. Overall, respondents from upper-middle-income countries and lower-middle- and low-income countries were significantly less likely to prefer hypofractionation than those from HICs ( P < .001). The most frequently cited justification and barrier were availability of published evidence and fear of worse late toxicity, respectively. CONCLUSION Hypofractionation preference varies by indication and World Bank income group, with greater acceptance among providers in HICs for all indications. These results provide a basis for targeted interventions to increase provider acceptance of this treatment modality.
Relapse Timing Is Associated With Distinct Evolutionary Dynamics in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hilton Laura K. , Ngu Henry S. , Collinge Brett , Dreval Kostiantyn , Ben-Neriah Susana , Rushton Christopher K. , Wong Jasper C.H. , Cruz Manuela , Roth Andrew , Boyle Merrill , Meissner Barbara , Slack Graham W. , Farinha Pedro , Craig Jeffrey W. , Gerrie Alina S. , Freeman Ciara L. , Villa Diego , Rodrigo Judith A. , Song Kevin , Crump Michael , Shepherd Lois , Hay Annette E. , Kuruvilla John , Savage Kerry J. , Kridel Robert , Karsan Aly , Marra Marco A. , Sehn Laurie H. , Steidl Christian , Morin Ryan D. , Scott David W. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is cured in more than 60% of patients, but outcomes remain poor for patients experiencing disease progression or relapse (refractory or relapsed DLBCL [rrDLBCL]), particularly if these events occur early. Although previous studies examining cohorts of rrDLBCL have identified features that are enriched at relapse, few have directly compared serial biopsies to uncover biological and evolutionary dynamics driving rrDLBCL. Here, we sought to confirm the relationship between relapse timing and outcomes after second-line (immuno)chemotherapy and determine the evolutionary dynamics that underpin that relationship. PATIENTS AND METHODS Outcomes were examined in a population-based cohort of 221 patients with DLBCL who experienced progression/relapse after frontline treatment and were treated with second-line (immuno)chemotherapy with an intention-to-treat with autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). Serial DLBCL biopsies from a partially overlapping cohort of 129 patients underwent molecular characterization, including whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing in 73 patients. RESULTS Outcomes to second-line therapy and ASCT are superior for late relapse (>2 years postdiagnosis) versus primary refractory (<9 months) or early relapse (9-24 months). Diagnostic and relapse biopsies were mostly concordant for cell-of-origin classification and genetics-based subgroup. Despite this concordance, the number of mutations exclusive to each biopsy increased with time since diagnosis, and late relapses shared few mutations with their diagnostic counterpart, demonstrating a branching evolution pattern. In patients with highly divergent tumors, many of the same genes acquired new mutations independently in each tumor, suggesting that the earliest mutations in a shared precursor cell constrain tumor evolution toward the same genetics-based subgroups at both diagnosis and relapse. CONCLUSION These results suggest that late relapses commonly represent genetically distinct and chemotherapy-naïve disease and have implications for optimal patient management.
Impact of Simultaneous Circulating Tumor DNA and Tissue Genotyping in the Workup of Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma on Quality of Care in an Academic Community Medical Center
Authors: Maity Alisha P. , Gangireddy Mounika , Degen Kathleen C. , Al-Saleem Fetweh H. , Bramson Joshua , Ciocca Vincenzo , Dessain Scott K. , Evans Tracey L. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE In patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, evidence-based first-line treatment decisions require analysis of tumors for genomic alterations (GAs). Optimizing the genotyping paradigm may improve the delivery of precision oncology care. Actionable GAs can be identified by analyzing tumor tissue or circulating tumor DNA using liquid biopsy. Consensus guidelines for when to use liquid biopsy have not been established. We evaluated the routine use of liquid biopsy performed simultaneously with tissue testing in patients with newly diagnosed, stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS We performed a retrospective study comparing patients who underwent tissue genotyping alone (standard biopsy group) with patients who had simultaneous liquid and tissue genotyping (combined biopsy group). We examined the time to reach a final diagnosis, the need for repeat biopsies, and diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Forty two patients in the combined biopsy group and 78 in the standard biopsy group met the inclusion criteria. The standard group had a mean time to diagnosis of 33.5 days, compared with 20.6 days in the combined group ( P < .001 by two-tailed t-test). In the combined group, 14 patients did not have sufficient tissue for molecular analysis (30%); however, in 11 (79%) of these patients, liquid biopsy identified a GA that eliminated the need for a second tissue biopsy. In patients who completed both tests, each test found actionable GAs missed by the other. CONCLUSION Performing liquid biopsy simultaneously with tissue genotyping is feasible in an academic community medical center. Potential advantages of simultaneous liquid and tissue biopsies include shorter time to obtain a definitive molecular diagnosis, reduced need for a repeat biopsy, and improved detection of actionable mutations, although a sequential strategy that saves costs by beginning with a liquid biopsy may be ideal.