bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Series on Post Renal Transplant Fungal Infections of the Lung
Authors: R. K. Chopra  , Pratap Ganesh , Nakarani Rushita D. , Gupta Saumya 
Published: July 2023

Invasive fungal infections are a significant concern for solid organ transplant (SOT) patients, especially those who have undergone small bowel or lung transplants. Renal transplant recipients commonly develop fungal infections like candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis, contributing to post-transplant infections. This case series presents three cases of pulmonary fungal infections after renal transplantation: cryptococcosis, mucormycosis, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The objective is to highlight challenges in diagnosing and managing invasive fungal infections in SOT recipients, emphasizing early diagnosis, timely treatment initiation, and optimized antifungal drug pharmacokinetics for successful outcomes.
Aims and Objectives: Include emphasizing the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment, optimizing antifungal drug pharmacokinetics, and highlighting the need for intensive antifungal therapy in SOT patients with fungal infections.
Methods: The cases involve comprehensive clinical information, diagnostic procedures (imaging, endoscopy, biopsies, microscopy, culture, and serologic testing), and treatment approaches. Antifungal therapy was promptly initiated, even without laboratory confirmation, to ensure timely treatment. Antifungal drug pharmacokinetics were optimized to minimize nephrotoxicity in SOT patients.
Results: Case 1 describes a middle-aged obese woman with respiratory symptoms diagnosed with cryptococcosis. Case 2 presents a young male kidney transplant recipient with mucormycosis. Case 3 involves a male patient with cough and hemoptysis diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. All cases received appropriate antifungal therapy, leading to symptom resolution and radiological improvement, although some patients had persistent radiological opacities.
Discussion: Diagnosing invasive fungal infections in transplant patients remains challenging, relying on clinical presentation and supportive diagnostic procedures. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving antifungal therapy, surgical intervention (if applicable), and control of predisposing factors. Primary treatments included liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, considering combination therapy and newer antifungal agents. Early detection and prompt treatment initiation are crucial to reduce mortality rates, especially in disseminated disease.
Conclusion: Invasive fungal infections present significant challenges in solid organ transplant recipients. Despite advancements in diagnostics and antifungal therapies, mortality and graft loss rates remain high, particularly in disseminated disease cases. Future research should integrate data from various sources to enhance understanding of fungal pathogenesis, host immune responses, and pharmacological aspects, aiming to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies for fungal infections in transplant recipients.
Disparities in Travel-Related Barriers to Accessing Health Care From the 2017 National Household Travel Survey
Authors: Labban Muhieddine , Chen Chang-Rong , Frego Nicola , Nguyen David-Dan , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Reich Amanda J. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Choueiri Toni K. , Kibel Adam S. , Iyer Hari S. , Trinh Quoc-Dien 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceGeographic access, including mode of transportation, to health care facilities remains understudied.ObjectiveTo identify sociodemographic factors associated with public vs private transportation use to access health care and identify the respondent, trip, and community factors associated with longer distance and time traveled for health care visits.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey, including 16 760 trips or a nationally weighted estimate of 5 550 527 364 trips to seek care in the United States. Households that completed the recruitment and retrieval survey for all members aged 5 years and older were included. Data were analyzed between June and August 2022.ExposuresMode of transportation (private vs public transportation) used to seek care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurvey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with public vs private transportation and self-reported distance and travel time. Then, for each income category, an interaction term of race and ethnicity with type of transportation was used to estimate the specific increase in travel burden associated with using public transportation compared a private vehicle for each race category.ResultsThe sample included 12 092 households and 15 063 respondents (8500 respondents [56.4%] aged 51-75 years; 8930 [59.3%] females) who had trips for medical care, of whom 1028 respondents (6.9%) were Hispanic, 1164 respondents (7.8%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 11 957 respondents (79.7%) were non-Hispanic White. Factors associated with public transportation use included non-Hispanic Black race (compared with non-Hispanic White: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.54 [95% CI, 1.90-6.61]; P &amp;lt; .001) and household income less than $25 000 (compared with ≥$100 000: aOR, 7.16 [95% CI, 3.50-14.68]; P &amp;lt; .001). The additional travel time associated with use of public transportation compared with private vehicle use varied by race and household income, with non-Hispanic Black respondents with income of $25 000 to $49 999 experiencing higher burden associated with public transportation (mean difference, 81.9 [95% CI, 48.5-115.3] minutes) than non-Hispanic White respondents with similar income (mean difference, 25.5 [95% CI, 17.5-33.5] minutes; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that certain racial, ethnic, and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations rely on public transportation to seek health care and that reducing delays associated with public transportation could improve care for these patients.
Estimated Prevalence and Testing for Albuminuria in US Adults at Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chu Chi D. , Xia Fang , Du Yuxian , Singh Rakesh , Tuot Delphine S. , Lamprea-Montealegre Julio A. , Gualtieri Ralph , Liao Nick , Kong Sheldon X. , Williamson Todd , Shlipak Michael G. , Estrella Michelle M. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceAlbuminuria testing is crucial for guiding evidence-based treatments to mitigate chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular morbidity, but it is widely underutilized among persons with or at risk for CKD.ObjectiveTo estimate the extent of albuminuria underdetection from lack of testing and evaluate its association with CKD treatment in a large US cohort of patients with hypertension or diabetes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study examined adults with hypertension or diabetes, using data from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and the Optum deidentified electronic health record (EHR) data set of diverse US health care organizations. Analyses were conducted from October 31, 2022, to May 19, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUsing NHANES as a nationally representative sample, a logistic regression model was developed to estimate albuminuria (urine albumin-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g). This model was then applied to active outpatients in the EHR from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. The prevalence of albuminuria among those with and without albuminuria testing during this period was estimated. A multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between having albuminuria testing and CKD therapies within the subsequent year (prescription for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [ACEi] or angiotensin II receptor blocker [ARB], prescription for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor [SGLT2i], and blood pressure control to less than 130/80 mm Hg or less than 140/90 mm Hg on the latest outpatient measure).ResultsThe total EHR study population included 192 108 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.3 [15.1] years; 185 589 [96.6%] with hypertension; 50 507 [26.2%] with diabetes; mean [SD] eGFR, 84 [21] mL/min/1.73 m2). There were 33 629 patients (17.5%) who had albuminuria testing; of whom 11 525 (34.3%) had albuminuria. Among 158 479 patients who were untested, the estimated albuminuria prevalence rate was 13.4% (n = 21 231). Thus, only 35.2% (11 525 of 32 756) of the projected population with albuminuria had been tested. Albuminuria testing was associated with higher adjusted odds of receiving ACEi or ARB treatment (OR, 2.39 [95% CI, 2.32-2.46]), SGLT2i treatment (OR, 8.22 [95% CI, 7.56-8.94]), and having blood pressure controlled to less than 140/90 mm Hg (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.16-1.23]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with hypertension or diabetes, it was estimated that approximately two-thirds of patients with albuminuria were undetected due to lack of testing. These results suggest that improving detection of CKD with albuminuria testing represents a substantial opportunity to optimize care delivery for reducing CKD progression and cardiovascular complications.
Enzymatic properties and clinical associations of serum alpha‐galactosidase A in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mizutani Yasuaki , Nawashiro Kazuki , Ohdake Reiko , Tatebe Harutsugu , Shima Sayuri , Ueda Akihiro , Yoshimoto Junichiro , Ito Mizuki , Tokuda Takahiko , Mutoh Tatsuro , Watanabe Hirohisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have revealed an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the enzymatic properties of serum alpha‐galactosidase A (GLA) and compared them with the clinical parameters of PD.MethodsThe study participants consisted of 66 sporadic PD patients and 52 controls. We measured serum GLA activity and calculated the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax) by Lineweaver–Burk plot analysis. Serum GLA protein concentration was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We examined the potential correlations between serum GLA activity and GLA protein concentration and clinical features and the plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) level.ResultsCompared to controls, PD patients showed significantly lower serum GLA activity (P < 0.0001) and apparent Vmax (P = 0.0131), but no change in the apparent Km value. Serum GLA protein concentration was lower in the PD group (P = 0.0168) and was positively associated with GLA activity. Serum GLA activity and GLA protein concentration in the PD group showed a negative correlation with age. Additionally, serum GLA activity was negatively correlated with the motor severity score and the level of plasma NfL, and was positively correlated with the score of frontal assessment battery.InterpretationThis study highlights that the lower serum GLA activity in PD is the result of a quantitative decrement of GLA protein in the serum and that it may serve as a biomarker of disease severity.
Initial BMI effects on clinical presentation and prognosis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Luo Wenqin , Wang Xiaofei , Kong Lingyao , Chen Hongxi , Shi Ziyan , Zhou Hongyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation among body mass index at onset, clinical features, and prognosis in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.MethodThis retrospective cohort studied patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from January 2015 to January 2022, grouping them by body mass index at onset. Demographics and clinical records were reviewed. Anderson–Gill, Kaplan–Meier, and Cox models evaluated the body mass index's effect on relapse risk and long‐term outcomes.ResultsOf 246 patients with 799 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attacks study, 36 patients had low, 133 had normal, 77 had high body mass index, with a mean onset age of 40 ± 13 years, and the population was 88% female. The medium follow‐up time was 49 months; AQP4‐IgG was found in 193 (78%) patients. Onset and relapse of area postrema syndrome were less frequent in patients with a normal body mass index. The annual relapse rate after immunosuppressive therapy was significantly lower in patients with a low body mass index. In the multivariable analysis, statistical correlation still existed between body mass index at onset and risk of relapse (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03–1.03, P < 0.001), risk of severe attack (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98, P = 0.013), risk of visual disability (HR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.81–1, P = 0.047), and overall risk of disability (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.98, P = 0.015) after adjusting various variables.InterpretationLower body mass index at onset was associated with less frequent relapse but poor prognosis.
Harnessing Topology and Stereochemistry of Glycidylamine‐Derived Lipid Nanoparticles for in Vivo mRNA Delivery to Immune Cells in Spleen and Their Application for Cancer Vaccination
Authors: Abd Elwakil Mahmoud M. , Suzuki Ryota , Khalifa Alaa M. , Elshami Rania M. , Isono Takuya , Elewa Yaser H.A. , Sato Yusuke , Nakamura Takashi , Satoh Toshifumi , Harashima Hideyoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractmRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have reached an inflection point and are now paving the way for a new wave of precision therapies. The design of nonhepatocyte RNA delivery systems without targeting ligands, however, remains a challenge. It is reported that the development of ligand‐free glycidylamine (GA) derivatives containing LNPs (GA‐LNPs) that preferentially deliver mRNA to immune cells in the spleen. Notably, it is demonstrated that the stereochemistry of GA‐lipids has a significant impact on their self‐assembly and in vitro and in vivo RNA delivery efficiency and tropism. This impact is dependent on the monomeric structure of GA and number of stereogenic centers. Furthermore, the nonlinear topology of GA lipid derivatives induced a sevenfold improvement in mRNA delivery efficiency. The top‐performing estriol‐GA05‐30 LNPs elicited strong antitumor activity in a therapeutic and prophylactic cancer model and are well tolerated in mice. These results highlight the significance of the chemistry of ionizable lipids for extrahepatic RNA delivery and indicated a promising direction for the development of next‐generation mRNA immunotherapies.
Zero‐Power Shape Retention in Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Extensional and Bending Multistability
Authors: Rahman Shakurur , Wu Lei , El Elmi Asma , Pasini Damiano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPower‐free shape retention enables soft pneumatic robots to reduce energy cost and avoid unexpected collapse due to burst or puncture. Existing strategies for pneumatic actuation cannot attain motion locking for trajectories combining extension and bending, one of the most common modes of operation. Here, a design paradigm is introduced for soft pneumatic actuators to enable zero‐power locking for shape retention in both extension and bending. The underpinning mechanism is the integration of a pneumatic transmitter and a multistable guider, which are programmed to interact for balanced load transfer, flexural and extension steering, and progressive snapping leading to state locking. Through theory, simulations, and experiments on proof‐of‐concept actuators, the existence of four distinct regimes of deformation is unveiled, where the constituents first interact during inflation to attain locking in extension and bending, and then cooperate under vacuum to enable fully reversible functionality. Finally, the design paradigm is demonstrated to realize a soft robotic arm capable to lock at desired curvature states at zero‐power, and a gripper that safely operates with puncture resistance to grasp and hold objects of various shapes and consistency. The study promises further development for zero‐power soft robots endowed with multiple deformation modes, sequential deployment, and tunable multistability.
Recent Advances in Materials, Structures, and Applications of Flexible Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Genjie , Li Jiyu , Wu Mengge , Yu Xinge , Yu Junsheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlexible photodetectors (FPDs), which provide excellent advantages such as great wearability, portability, even implantability, have attracted tremendous interest in wearable healthcare monitoring, bendable imaging sensors, portable optical communication, etc. Recently, organic and perovskite‐based photoactive materials have been considered promising candidates for FPDs due to their superior optoelectronic performance, appealing mechanical flexibility, low‐temperature solution processability, and cost‐effectiveness. In this review, the milestone progress of organic, perovskite, and organic‐perovskite hybrid‐based FPDs and their applications in artificial intelligence are summarized. First, a brief introduction of device configurations, working principles, and key parameters for FPDs are presented. Subsequently, functional materials in FPDs, especially flexible photoactive materials of organic, perovskite, and organic‐perovskite hybrids, are summarized and analyzed. More importantly, representative applications of FPDs are summarized, including wearable healthcare monitoring, imaging sensors, and optical communication. The outlook and challenges for the field are proposed at the end. The purpose of this review is to not only elaborate on the fundamental design principles of FPDs, but also serve as a roadmap for next‐generation artificial intelligence sensing technologies.
Effective Enzymatic Synthesis of Benzotropolone and Formation Mechanism of Its Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐type Intermediate
Authors: Ding Yangping , Gao Zhijiang , Jian Jinjin , Chen Bingcan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, 1′,2′‐dihydroxy‐3,4‐benzotropolone (BTP), the simplest theaflavins (TFs) derivative, is synthesized via the oxidative coupling of pyrogallol (PG) and catechol (CC). We show that low temperature was beneficial to the production of BTP. A possible generation mechanism of the key bicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐type intermediate (BOI) during the formation process of BTP was subsequently proposed. Our analysis based on quantum chemical calculations indicated that three types of tautomers of PG quinones should be present in the reaction solution. Among them, PG quinone tautomer III (PGQT‐III) with two carbanions might be one of the direct substrates for BOI synthesis, which underwent 1,6‐addition reaction to C3‐C4 bond of ortho‐quinone with strong electrophilicity leading to the key intermediate. Furthermore, the presence of PGQT‐III was also supported by the retrosynthetic analysis of BOI. The findings not only shed light on the production mechanism of BTP, but also create new prospects in synthesizing TFs with controllable products.
Efficient Amide Formation from Non‐Activated Cyclopropyl Ester via Acyl Fluoride Generation Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent and Selectfluor
Authors: Choi Eun‐Sol , Jeong Hee‐Chan , Han Ye‐Lin , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel and unique activation method for esters possessing a non‐activated cyclopropyl moiety as a potential activating group is developed for acyl fluoride generation using a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent and Selectfluor. The resulting acyl fluoride, which is a versatile synthetic intermediate, was smoothly transformed into the various carbonyl compounds, in particular, amides. This protocol can be applied to the chemoselective activation of diester compounds.
Real‐time Imaging of Nascent DNA in Live Cells by Monitoring the Fluorescence Lifetime of DNA‐Incorporated Thiazole Orange‐Modified Nucleotides
Authors: Kuba Miroslav , Khoroshyy Petro , Lepšík Martin , Kužmová Erika , Kodr David , Kraus Tomáš , Hocek Michal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA modified 2′‐deoxycytidine triphosphate derivative (dCTOTP) bearing a thiazole orange moiety tethered via an oligoethylene glycol linker was designed and synthesized. The nucleotide was incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerases in vitro as well as in live cells. Upon incorporation of dCTOTP into DNA, the thiazole orange moiety exhibited a fluorescence lifetime that differed significantly from the non‐incorporated (i.e. free and non‐covalently intercalated) forms of dCTOTP. When dCTOTP was delivered into live U‐2 OS cells using a synthetic nucleoside triphosphate transporter, it allowed us to distinguish and monitor cells that were actively synthesizing DNA in real time, from the very first moments after the treatment. We anticipate that this probe could be used to study chromatin organization and dynamics.
Biocontrol effect of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae ethyl acetate‐derived chemical molecules: An eco‐friendly anti‐malarial drug and insecticide
Authors: Perumal Vivekanandhan , Kannan Swathy , Alford Lucy , Pittarate Sarayut , Mekchay Supamit , Reddy Gadi V. P. , Elangovan Dilipan , Marimuthu Ramachandran , Krutmuang Patcharin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInsect pests represent a major threat to human health and agricultural production. With a current over‐dependence on chemical insecticides in the control of insect pests, leading to increased chemical resistance in target organisms, as well as side effects on nontarget organisms, the wider environment, and human health, finding alternative solutions is paramount. The employment of entomopathogenic fungi is one such potential avenue in the pursuit of greener, more target‐specific methods of insect pest control. To this end, the present study tested the chemical constituents of Metarhizium anisopliae fungi against the unicellular protozoan malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the insect pests Anopheles stephensi Listen, Spodoptera litura Fabricius, and Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, as well as the nontarget bioindicator species, Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg. Fungal crude chemical molecules caused a noticeable anti‐plasmodial effect against P. falciparum, with IC50 and IC90 values of 11.53 and 7.65 µg/mL, respectively. The crude chemical molecules caused significant larvicidal activity against insect pests, with LC50 and LC90 values of 49.228−71.846 µg/mL in A. stephensi, 32.542−76.510 µg/mL in S. litura, and 38.503−88.826 µg/mL in T. molitor at 24 h posttreatment. Based on the results of the nontarget bioassay, it was revealed that the fungal‐derived crude extract exhibited no histopathological sublethal effects on the earthworm E. eugeniae. LC‐MS analysis of M. anisopliae‐derived crude metabolites revealed the presence of 10 chemical constituents. Of these chemicals, three major chemical constituents, namely, camphor (15.91%), caprolactam (13.27%), and monobutyl phthalate (19.65%), were highlighted for potential insecticidal and anti‐malarial activity. The entomopathogenic fungal‐derived crude extracts thus represent promising tools in the control of insect pests and malarial parasites.