bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Locally Extracted aloe vera Oil on the Productive Performance of ISA Brown Laying Hens
Authors: Al-Salman Nuha Talib Shareef , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted at poultry field, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station at the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, to determine the effect of locally extracted aloe vera oil on some productive traits of ISA Brown laying hens, from 5/6/2022 to 5/9/2022. A total of 162, twenty-one-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were used, birds were randomly distributed to nine treatments with three replicates for each, 18 birds per treatment (6 birds for each replicate), the treatments were followed; T1: without any addition, as for the treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, they were local aloe vera oil and the treatments T7, T6, T8 and T9, they were imported aloe vera oil, the addition of oil was at the levels 0.3 and 0.4 per kg feed. The results indicate that there were a significant improvement (P≤0.05) on some productive traits (egg production, egg weighte, feed conversion and egg mass), for all treatments of locally extracted oil compared to the control treatment and imported oil, T3 showed the best results, significantly (P≤0.05) compared to the rest of the treatments of the oil extracted locally.
Effect of Dietary Fenugreek Seeds and Synbiotic on the Physiological Anatomical, Immunological Attributes and Antioxidant Status in Stressed Chickens
Authors: Dakhil Ahmed Jebur , Al-Shammari Karrar Imad Abdulsahib 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to explore the effect of fenugreek seeds (FSP) and synbiotic (SP) powders in diet as antioxidant factors on antioxidative, physiological, immunological indicators of serum and anatomical properties during exposing to the oxidative stress (OS) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in drinking water of broiler chickens from 2nd until 35th day of age. Totally, 300 chicks Ross 308 at one day old of age were randomly allocated into five treatments with three equal replicates in each treatment (20 chicks/replicate). The treatments were distributed into negative control without feed additives (T1) whereas T2 was adding 1 ml (0.5%) of H2O2 per 1 L of drinking water as stressed positive control. The dietary additive (0.5%) each of FSP and SP was added in stressed groups (T3 and T4), respectively and dietary combination of 0.25% both FSP and SP was added in stressed group (T5). The results referred that T3, T5 and T1 registered an increased level in catalase (p≤0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (p≤0.01) activity and there was increased amounts in superoxide dismutase and packed cells volume in T4, T5 and T1 (p≤0.01) in comparison to T2. The T3, T4, T5 and T1 achieved a decreased malondialdehyde (p≤0.05) with considerable decrease (p≤0.01) in heterophils/lymphocytes ratio, uric acid, creatinine, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases compared with T2. In comparison to T2, all stressed treatments and T1 had high antibody titers against Newcastle disease (p≤0.05) and infectious bursal disease (p≤0.01). Moreover, high proportional weights of lung and heart (p≤0.01) were in T5 whereas T1 achieved high (p≤0.01) kidneys weight and large intestine length. Thus, dietary FSP and SP supplement added synergistically or individually could promote antioxidant status, regulate liver and kidney function, and improve immune system of stressed chickens.
Improving Nutritional and Microbiological Properties of Monterey Cheese using Bifidobacterium bifidum
Authors: Jassim Fatima Haider , Mulakhudair Ali R. , Shati Zahraa Reasan Kareem 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to manufacture Monterey cheese by adding a probiotic represented by Bifidobacterium bifidum for cheese, and changes were compared with Monterey cheese made according to the standard method, to which a starter (Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris) was added. The cheese ripening period was three months at 15°C and under anaerobic conditions. Several tests were performed, including physical and chemical tests. The most prominent results of the study were the decreases in moisture, ash, acidity and pH for the first treatment compared to the second treatment. As for protein, the percentage was close for both treatments, it reached 28.1% for T1 and 28.6% for T2. The percentage of fat and NPN was higher in the first treatment; Finally, one difference was observed in the percentage of carbohydrates throughout the storage period. On the other hand, the study found that the number of therapeutic bacteria in cheese with storege was 180 × 109 (CFU\g), and its preparation when conducting gastric juice was 40 × 108 (CFU\g) for the first treatment and 100 × 108 ( CFU\g) for the second treatment.
Study of the Chemical and Rheological Properties to the Food Bars Manufactured From Milk Proteins
Authors: Al-Shara Sara H. J. , Al-Saraj Ali F. M. , Al-Saadi Jasim M. S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The chemical composition was studied and the difference between its rheological characteristics was compared. Five samples were made of nutritional bars fortified with casein protein (A), whey (B), Milk protein concentrate (C), and conjugated precipitates to which calcium salts (D) and salts were added. Iron (F) The moisture content of each of the A, B, C, D and F samples, was (12.9, 12.5, 16.5, 16.7, 11)%, respectively, and the percentage of ash was (1, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 151.5)%, respectively. The percentage of ash increased in both sample D and E. This increase is due to the addition of salts to it. The protein content of the samples was (18.4, 9, 15.9, 13.3, 17.6) %, respectively, the percentage of protein increased in sample A compared to other samples. Because casein contained, the percentage of fat decreased in samples A until it reached (16, 17, 18, 15.1, 15.5)%, respectively, the pH was( 6.3, 6.5, 6.4, 5.9, 5.2) respectively and the total acidity was (1.1, 0.7, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1) respectively, The percentage of carbohydrates was (51.7, 54. 48.7, 53.7, 54.4)% respectively, The rheological characteristics of each sample A, B, C, D, and F were studied, and their hardness was (511.4, 30.8, 408.6, 6.9, 6.9) g, while the cohesion was samples 0.57, 0.74, 0.31, 0.01, 0.43, respectively, and adhesion (4, 3.3, 1.7, 5, 5) mm, This study was conducted in order to develop milk protein concentrates and include them in the manufacture of developed foods rich in protein that athletes need to build muscle mass. It is recommended to eat these foods who follow a diet or an integrated healthy diet.
Extraction and Evaluation of Active Ingredients of Saussurea costus Roots and Determination of its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Al-Zayadi Zahraa Abdulameer , Shanan Hana Kadum , Salihi Karima Akool Al 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Saussurea costus (Sc) plant belongs to the Asteraceae family. It contains various bioactive compounds used traditionally in treating multiple diseases. This study intends to extract and evaluate the active ingredients of Sc roots (Scrs) and determine their antibacterial activities. S. costus roots were purchased from the herbal market and the chemical compositions, including protein, lipid, carbohydrates, moisture, and ash, were determined according to AOAC procedures 2016 with some modifications. HPLC and amino acids analyzer were used to determine the phenolic compounds and amino acid composition of S. costus roots extract (ScrsE). The antibacterial activities of S. costus roots extract were done according to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The S. costus roots were revealed a fusiform (or) conical and tapering appearance, collapsing in the centre with longitudinal wrinkles revealing 11-19 cm and 1-2.5 cm for long and wide, respectively. The extraction yield was 9.52% and the weight of the concentrated crude extract was 10 g. According to Proximate analysis, the S. costus roots extract showed 3.88% and 20.12% moisture and ash contents, respectively. The compositions of carbohydrates, protein, and crude fat were 75.25%, 2.51%, and 1.85%, respectively. HPLC analysis showed that the S. costus roots Extract contained two phenolic acids and two flavonoids. Moreover, twelve amino acids were determined for the first time in the S. costus roots extract. Various antibacterial activities were seen with maximum inhibition zone for Streptococcus pyogenes & E.coli; and minimum for Bacillus subtilis & Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, this study investigated various contents of S. costus roots extract including amino acids, carbohydrates, protein, and crude fat, in addition to its antibacterial activities. The authors recommend more future studies to investigate the therapeutic activities of S. costus roots extract.
Effect of Zeolite Levels and Foliar Feeding with NPK Nano Fertilizer on some Soil Chemical Properties and Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Fatnan Ayda Swadi , Saad Turki Moften 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the effect of zeolite levels and foliar feeding with NPK nano fertilizer on some soil chemical properties and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a field experiment was carried out during the winter agricultural season (2020-2021) in a sandy mixture of soil at the Agricultural Research and Experiments Station of the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University at Al Bandar field (which is 3 km away from the city of Samawah). The study aimed at the effect of three levels of zeolite (0, 0.5 and 1) kg m 2 by volume, symbolized by Z1, Z0 and Z2, respectively, and six levels of NPK for the addition of ground and nano, spraying on the leaves in two stages at the branching and flowering, which are (0, 0.25 from the fertilizer recommendation +800 gm ha-1 nano-NPK, 0.50 from the fertilizer recommendation +800 gm h-1 nano-NPK, 0.75 from the fertilizer recommendation +800 gm h-1 NPK Nano, Recommended Ground Fertilizer Only and Recommended Nano Fertilizer Only 1600 gm ha-1), its symbols were F4, F3, F2, F1, F0 and F5 respectively in the availability of N, P and K uptake in the plant and grain of the wheat crop, the experiment was carried out by designing split plot by Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D). Wheat seeds were sown, type (Bohooth 22) on 11/11/2020. The results of the experiment showed that the addition of zeolite led to the improvement of some chemical properties of the soil, that the level Z2 achieved a significant superiority in raising the values of the concentrations of NPK elements available in the soil at the flowering and harvest stages, the compound NPK nano fertilizer had a significant effect on the chemical properties, as the levels F4 and F5 achieved the highest averages in the concentration of NPK available in the soil at. The two combinations (Z2F4) and (Z2F5) achieved significant superiority in the characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentrations in the soil at flowering, and phosphorous and potassium in the soil at harvest.
Effect of Plant Extract and Plant Hormonal Accessories on Growth and Yield Tomato
Authors: Hassan Zainab M. , Al-Sudani Zainab A. , Atshan Kawakib Awadh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out inside a plastic house in (Al Bandar region) second research station in College of Agriculture / Al-Muthanna University scince winter season 2020-2021, to study the effect of two factors : first one was auxin (IAA) : control (T0), 1 ml. L-1 (T1), and 2 ml. L-1 (T2), second factor was a mixture of licorice extract with yeast suspension: control (F0), 5 g.L-1(T1) and 10 g.L-1(T2). A Completely Randomized Block Design ( R.C.B.D.) were used with three replicates and means were compared according to L.S.D. test at the level of 0.05. Results showed that Significant superiority of auxin treatment at 2 ml.L-1 in the characteristics of plant height (73.0 cm), number of leaves (25.89 leaves), leaf area (15.21 dcm2), early yield (1.91 kg.Plant-1) and number of fruits (44.78 fruits.Plant-1), while the concentration exceeded 10 g.L-1 of licorice extract and yeast suspension in the two characteristics of leaf area and number of fruits (1345 cm2, 42.78 fruits) respectively. Results also indicated that the interaction of F2T2 had a significant increase in plant height(78.0cm), leaf area (15.17 dcm2).
Molecular Identification and Field Control of Cowpea Jassid Amrasca Biguttula (Hemiptera:Cicadellidae) Infecting Cowpea in Baghdad-Iraq
Authors: Jaod Ahmed Shalal , Nawar Majeed Hameed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The leguminous family is considered one of the most important plant hosts, as it includes large numbers of economic crops, including cowpeas, because it contains a high percentage of vegetable protein. Cowpea is infested with a number of insects, including leafhopper of insects with piercing, sucking mouthparts that cause direct and indirect damage to the crop by transmitting viral diseases and causing loss of yield. he leafhopper was diagnosed on the cowpea crop by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. It was found that the type belonging to the leafhopper is Amrasca biguttula (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The soil and the concentrations used by spraying were (25, 50, 75) ml / liter, and the soil was treated with concentrations of (100, 200, 300) g / m2. The results in spray treatment and soil treatment were that on eggs the highest rate corrected rate for death was 51%, 45%, respectively, and on nymphs, the highest rate corrected rate for death was 54% and 52%, respectively, and on females, the highest rate corrected rate for death was 52% and 45%, respectively. And there are significant differences.
Gene Expression of some Active Substances under the Effect of Organic and Phosphate Fertilization of some Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Structures
Authors: Khaleefh Satar Abid , Abood Akeel Najim , Maddab Dawood Selman 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the winter of 2021-2022, researchers on the hamlet of Banat Al-Hassan, southeast of Samarra (Iraq), conducted a field experiment in gypsum soil on one of the private farms there. Both zero and eight tons of organic fertilizer were used in the experiment. 0 and 160 kg of phosphate fertilizer D−1 and D−2. D−1 without competition from the other five sweet fennel genotypes and two fertilizer types (Local, Amigo, Dollap, Azuricum, Hannan). According to the findings, the SIPR1 gene in the 8-ton had the highest level of expression. The highest dose of D-1 for organic fertilizer treatment for the Azuricum genotype was 9.986644 mg, followed by 160 kg of the SIActin gene. Dollap genotype required 9.849155 g of D−1 phosphate fertilizer.
Effect of Spraying Stages of Micro-Nano Elements on some Productive and Economical Traits of Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Al-Shammari Amir M. H. , Blau Haider H. , Noaema Ali H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of the research is to study the effect of the stages of spraying nano-microelements on some yield characteristics and the economic feasibility of wheat varieties. Soil with a mixture of clay texture and using the split plank design using random complete sectors (R.C.B.D) The cultivars coded (Abu Ragheef V1, Baghdad V2, Babil V3, Aba 99 V4) occupied the main panels, while the spraying stages coded (tillering stage S1, booting stage S2, flowering stage S3) occupied the secondary panels. The results showed differences between the cultivars in some of the studied traits, as the father variety was significantly superior in the number of spikes and the number of grains per spike amounted to 410.7 spikes m2 and 82.7 grains spike-1, respectively, and the characteristic of the grain yield was 7.354 tons h-1, the biological yield was 24.006 tons h-1, and the total revenue 8,629,944 dinars h-1, and a net profit of 6,430,044 dinars h-1, while Abu Ragheef excelled in the weight of 1000 grains, amounting to 44.19 gm. As for the spraying stages, the Al-booting stage gave the highest average of the number of spikes, which amounted to 369.3 spikes m2, and the Al-Booting stage excelled in grain yield 7,406 tons h-1, the biological yield 22,481 t h-1, and the total revenue 8,448,561 dinars h-1. As for the overlap between the stages of spraying the micro-nano elements and the cultivars, the combination (Aba 99×S2) excelled in grain yield of 7.788 tons h-1.
Effect of Soil Addition of Humic, Fulvic Acids and Irrigation Water Salinity on the Yellow Corn Zea mays L. Growth
Authors: Kadhim Anmar Hamoudi , Al-Barakat Hanoon N. Kadhem , Mahmoud Mohammed Radwan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the two spring seasons 2020/2021 in an agricultural field, located on the banks of the Euphrates River in Al-Muthanna Governorate, which is 4 km away from Al-Muthanna University, between latitudes 45°14′58″ and longitudes 31°19′33″, to study the effect of adding humic and fulvic organic acids and irrigation water salinity on the growth traits of corn crop Zea mays L., in an experiment whose treatments included three levels of concentrations of a mixture of organic acids (humic and fulvic) which were 0, 20 and 40 liters of ha-1, four levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water used in the irrigation process, it was less than 2.0 dSiemens m-1 using pure water RO mixture with river water, and 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dSiemens m-1 using a mixture of tap water and river water. The results showed a significant effect between irrigation water salinity levels on plant height, where the transaction decreased by 8.0 dSiemens m-1, significant effect between the levels of humic and fulvic organic acids in the leaf area cm2, where the treatment exceeded 20 liters ha-1, there was a significant interaction between humic and fulvic acid levels and irrigation water salinity levels, the combination (40 L × salinity comparison) a high leaf area and dry matter.
Effect of Different Combinations of Herbicides on Wheat Crop and Lolium Weed
Authors: Al-Zweni Emian Hamid Kadhem , Alfarttoosi Hameed A. Kh. , Frhood Ali Nadhim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, which took place during the winter agricultural season of 2021-2022 in one of the fields located in the Al-Hindiya District of the Holy Karbala Governorate, the purpose was to investigate the effect of various combinations of herbicides on the development and yield characteristics of wheat as well as a few weeds belonging to the genus Lolium. The experiment was conducted out using a randomized complete block design with three replications and a factor One. This resulted in 11 different combinations of herbicides being tested, including Chevalier, Pallas, Tobic, and Axial. After sixty and ninety days, measurements were taken of the weed, and measurements of the wheat were taken at the end of the growing season. According to the findings, the combination of Chevalier, Pallas, Tobik, and Axial performed exceptionally well in reducing the majority of weed traits, including plant height, chlorophyll index, weed density, and weed dry weight. Decrease of effectiveness of different combinations of Chevalier, Pallas, Topic and Axial herbicides on Lolium weeds. Inhibition of wheat yield and growth when using combinations Chevalier +Pallas+ Topic Axial + and Chevalier +Pallas+ Topic.
Flowering, Yield and Yield Components of Sorghum as Affected by Application Timing of Nitrogen and Levels of Zeolite
Authors: Al-Ibrahimi Haydar A. , Al-haidary Hanaa K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An experiment in field was carried out during the fall season of 2020 at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture - Al-Muthanna University in the Al-Bandar area, which is 2 km from the center of the city of Samawah, in order to know the effect of application timing of nitrogen according to the different growth stages and the effect of levels of zeolite on dates to 50% flowering and yield and its components of sorghum. The experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with split plot arrangement and three replications, as zeolite levels occupied the main plots (0 without addition, 0.4% of the weight of the soil, equivalent to 16 t h-1, and 0.8 % of soil weight, equivalent to 32 t h-1 and its symbol (Z0, Z1, Z2) respectively, while the sub plots occupied application timing of nitrogen that included (half the quantity at sowing + half after 45 days of sowing, half at the stage of 4 leaves + half at the beginning of the boot stage, half at the stage of 4 leaves + half at the stage of 50 % flowering, and one third at the stage of 4 leaves + one third at the stage of boot + one third at the stage 50 % flowering ) and its symbol (N1, N2, N3, N4) respectively. The results have showed that the application timing of nitrogen with half at the stage of 4 leaves + half at the beginning of the boot (N2) was significantly superior, as it gave the least number of days from sowing until the 50% flowering stage (70.67 days ) and it gave the highest rates in mean of No.of grain head-1, grain yield, and harvest index, with averages (3825 grain head-1, 7.64 t h-1and 41.68%, respectively). The Zeolite levels differed asignificantly in the most qualities of growth and biological yield. The treatment with 32 t h-1 (Z2) gave the least number of days from sowing until the 50% flowering stage (71.75 days) and this treatment also was superior in giving the highest average of No.of grain head-1, grain yield, and harvest index, with averages (3735 grain head-1, 7.66 t h-1 and 41.85%, respectively). The interaction effect between the study factors was significant in most of the studied traits.
Assessment of Body Discomfort and Physiological Cost of Tractor Drivers during Tillage Operation with MouldBoard Plough
Authors: Abood Ahmed Merza , Al Aridhee Jawad Kadhim , Kassar Flaieh Hammed , Łysiak Grzegorz , Dakhil Majid Mayih 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq in order to evaluate the Body parts discomfort score and physiological cost of tractor operator during tillage operation while using mould board plough. Three subjects represented 50th percentile of their population were chosen for this study. We used the Corlett and Bishop Technique to evaluate the degree of discomfort in various body parts. According to the findings, both BPDS and HR went up as the engine rpm went up. The most common sites of pain were the neck, lower back, both legs, both feet, and both wrists. The minimum mean of BPDS was 18.90 at tillage depth 10 cm and engine speed 1000 rpm. While the maximum of BPDS was 28.67 at tillage depth 30 cm and 2000 rpm tractor engine speed. The variation in BPDS due to tillage depth and tractor engine speed was significant at 5 per cent level. The lowest value of HR of the operator was obtained at 10 cm depth and 1000rpm whereas the highest value was obtained at 30 cm and 2000 rpm tractor engine speed. The values were 88 and 101 beats/min respectively. Tillage operation with a mould board plough was associated with a “low” workload in steady state, as seen by the observed HR values for all participants, with the exception of 30 cm depth at 2000 engine speed, where the effort was moderate. The variation in ΔHR due to tillage depth and tractor engine speed was significant at 5 per cent level.