bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of fractional exhaled nitric oxide is associated with the risk and aetiology of COPD exacerbations
Authors: Schumann Desiree M. , Papakonstantinou Eleni , Kostikas Konstantinos , Grize Leticia , Tamm Michael , Stolz Daiana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAcute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are heterogeneous in aetiology and accelerate disease progression. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and its variability with AECOPD of different aetiology.MethodsFeNO was determined in 2157 visits (1697 stable, 133 AECOPD and 327 follow‐up) of 421 COPD patients from the PREVENT study, an investigator‐initiated, longitudinal and interventional study, who were on daily treatment with inhaled corticosteroids/long‐acting β2‐agonists.ResultsLongitudinal measurements of FeNO revealed an intra‐subject variability of FeNO that was significantly higher in exacerbators compared to non‐exacerbators (p < 0.001) and positively associated with the number of AECOPD. As FeNO variability increased, the probability of patients to remain AECOPD‐free decreased. In patients included in the highest FeNO variability quartile (≥15.0 ppb) the probability to remain free of AECOPD was only 35% as compared to 80% for patients included in the lowest FeNO variability quartile (0.50–4.39 ppb). The change of FeNO from the last stable visit to AECOPD was positively associated with the probability of viral infections and this association was stronger in current smokers than ex‐smokers. In contrast, the change in FeNO from the last stable visit to an AECOPD visit was inversely associated with the probability of bacterial infections in ex‐smokers but not in current smokers.ConclusionFeNO variability was associated with the risk and aetiology of AECOPD differentially in current and ex‐smokers.
Dental management of a 4‐year‐old child with congenital afibrinogenemia—A rare case report
Authors: Khodke Shreya , Varkey Indu Miriam , Ghule Kiran Dattatray , Naik Shilpa , Dsouza Althea , Thakur Kajol , Mehta Shivani , Valke Parnaja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCongenital afibrinogenemia is a rare hematologic disorder with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per million people worldwide. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is characterized by the inability to synthesize fibrinogen. Clinical features range from minimal bleeding to catastrophic hemorrhage. Because of its rarity, there are not enough clinical guidelines in the management of oral manifestations of patients with this disorder. The following case report presents the dental management of a 4‐year‐old child with congenital afibrinogenemia under general anesthesia. A multidisciplinary team approach was followed to achieve full mouth rehabilitation, thus improving the overall quality of life of the patient.
Should adding pain, oxygen saturation and physical assessment to vital signs become the new standard of care for detecting blood transfusion reactions?
Authors: Roney Jamie Kay , Whitley Barbara Erin , Johnston Lauren , Deleon Michella , Robnett Judith Christine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesClinicians sought to ascertain what frequency of vital signs best detects blood transfusion reactions. This review discusses early and delayed blood product transfusion reaction detection through the lens of scientific literature.MethodsA comprehensive appraisal of published literature was conducted using Integrative Research Review methodology through June 2022 not limited to English or research in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Medline and PubMed.ResultsFull‐text articles in the final sample included four articles discussing vital signs detecting blood transfusion reactions and four articles reporting the importance of adding physical assessments for early reaction detection. None of the studies provided evidence regarding how often vital signs should be monitored to detect transfusion reactions. No studies included identical screening components for detecting blood product transfusion reactions. Main themes emerged including variations in what was included in vital signs, importance of respiratory assessment, inclusion of physical assessment, nurse documentation and reporting compliance, and patient and family inclusion in transfusion reaction recognition.ConclusionVital sign components varied across reviewed studies. Respiratory rate and pain were not always included in ‘vital signs’ to identify transfusion reactions. Only low‐level data and no clinical trials loosely informing frequency of vital sign monitoring to transfusion reaction detection were found. Respiratory (to include oxygen saturation, lung sounds and respiratory rate) and pain assessment emerged as crucial to acute and delayed transfusion reaction recognition. The disconnect between ‘vital signs’ and the varied vital sign components reported to detect transfusion reactions in scientific literature requires further exploration.
Contrast‐enhanced CT features of pyloric lesions in 17 dogs: Case series
Authors: Tanaka Toshiyuki , Wada Yusuke , Noguchi Shunsuke , Nishida Hidetaka , Akiyoshi Hideo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPyloric outflow obstructions can be caused by several types of lesions. When a thickened gastric wall and pyloric mass are detected, malignant neoplasia must be differentiated from chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy. CT can characterize gastric tumors. However, based on the authors’ review of the literature, there is limited information about the CT findings of pyloric lesions. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to assess the CT findings of canine pyloric lesions. The following CT parameters were recorded: anatomical area, involved area, lesion shape, growth patterns of wall thickening lesions, enhancement pattern of the lesion in the early and delayed phases, lymphomegaly, and pulmonary metastasis. Seventeen dogs were included in this study and had the following final diagnoses: hyperplasia (five dogs), adenoma (five dogs), adenocarcinoma (three dogs), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST; two dogs), polyposis (one dog), and pyogenic granuloma (one dog). Hyperplasia, adenoma, and polyposis formed mass lesions that involved the mucosal layer. Lymphomegaly was detected in two Jack Russell terriers with hyperplasia; however, the causes were unknown because we did not perform biopsies. All adenocarcinomas formed wall‐thickened lesion that involved the outer layer, with lymphomegaly. All GISTs formed mass lesion that involved the outer layer. The pyogenic granulomas formed symmetric wall‐thickened lesion that involved the mucosal and outer layers. CT facilitated the characterization of canine pyloric lesions using contrast enhancement, based on the involved area and lesion shape. However, polyposis may require caution in diagnosis based on CT findings alone.
CT diagnosis of pituitary abscess, suppurative meningitis, and atlanto‐occipital septic arthritis in a pony
Authors: Vandersmissen Maxime , Wimmer‐Scherr Christina M. , Lecoq Laureline , Busoni Valeria , Evrard Laurence 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 15‐year‐old pony was presented for acute neurological signs. Neurological examination suggested a brainstem lesion, blood laboratory tests detected an active inflammatory process, and upper respiratory endoscopy identified a suppurative lesion at the dorsal aspect of the right guttural pouch. Computed tomography was performed and findings were consistent with pituitary abscess, meningitis, and atlanto‐occipital joint septic arthritis. Imaging findings were confirmed based on cerebrospinal and synovial fluid cultures and necropsy. Computed tomography provided important information for identifying the cause of the patient's neurological signs and helped the owner make a final decision for euthanasia.
Concurrent versus delayed exposure to corticosteroids in equine articular tissues cultured with local anesthetic
Authors: Boorman Sophie , Hanson R. Reid , Velloso Alvarez Ana , Zhong Kevin , Hofmeister Erik , Boone Lindsey H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of concurrent versus delayed treatment with corticosteroid on equine articular tissues also treated with local anesthetic in vitro in the presence of inflammatory mediators.Study designControlled laboratory study.AnimalsFive geldings, one mare (aged 3–18 years).MethodsFrom each horse, 24 synovial and 12 osteochondral explants were cultured in a 12‐well plate (2 wells/group, 2 synovial and 1 osteochondral explant/well, total 216 explants in the study). Explants were stimulated in culture medium with 10 μg/ml recombinant equine interleukin‐1β and 10 μg/ml tumor necrosis factor‐α for 48 hours, then randomly assigned to six treatments: unstimulated control, stimulated control, triamcinolone acetonide (TA, 10−6 M), mepivacaine hydrochloride (MH, 4.4 mg/ml), MH + TA (concurrent) and MH + TA (delayed). The delayed group was treated with MH and, 6 days later, treated with TA. Every 3 days for 9 days total, medium levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were quantified via ELISA. Data were analyzed with mixed‐effects models with Tukey's multiple comparisons.ResultsStimulation increased medium PGE2 and MMP‐13 and had no effect on LDH or GAG. Treatment with MH increased LDH and decreased PGE2 and MMP‐13. Treatment with TA decreased PGE2 and MMP‐13.ConclusionThere were no differences in cytotoxicity, inflammation or matrix degradation for delayed or concurrent MH and TA treatment groups up to 9 days in culture.Clinical significanceThe lack of an effect of concurrent versus delayed treatment might indicate that concurrent therapy is acceptable.
PI3K/AKT pathway promotes keloid fibroblasts proliferation by enhancing glycolysis under hypoxia
Authors: Wang Qifei , Yang Xin , Ma Jianxun , Xie Xiang , Sun Yimou , Chang Xu , Bi Hongsen , Xue Hongyu , Qin Zelian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOur previous study demonstrated altered glucose metabolism and enhanced phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in keloid fibroblasts (KFb) under hypoxic conditions. However, whether the PI3K/AKT pathway influences KFb cell function by regulating glucose metabolism under hypoxic conditions remains unclear. Here, we show that when PI3K/AKT pathway was inactivated with LY294002, the protein expression of glycolytic enzymes decreased, while the amount of mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane potential increased. The key parameters of extracellular acidification rate markedly diminished, and those of oxygen consumption rate significantly increased after inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway. When the PI3K/AKT pathway was suppressed, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) were significantly increased. Meanwhile, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were inhibited, and apoptosis was increased when the PI3K/AKT pathway was blocked. Additionally, cell proliferation was compromised when KFb were treated with both SC79 (an activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway) and 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (an inhibitor of glycolysis), compared with the SC79 group. Moreover, a positive feedback mechanism was demonstrated between the PI3K/AKT pathway and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Our data collectively demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT pathway promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in KFb under hypoxia by regulating glycolysis, indicating that the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway could be a therapeutic target for keloids.
Fostering Community within the Classroom through Drama Education for Indigenous Children
Authors: Baharuddin Nurul Nafisa , Abdul Samat Norhanim , Abdullah Tina 
Published: December 2022

This study looks at how drama might help indigenous children in a Johor Orang Asli settlement build a sense of community and improve their social skills. It aims to demonstrate that if given more chances to advance their educational backgrounds, children will be interested in learning. The findings of this study will also persuade educators that it is possible to support the social behaviour development of indigenous children. To convey the data, a case study qualitative design was adopted. The data was gathered using observation and interviews as the instruments. The researchers participated in the activities and conducted semi-structured interviews following each theatrical session. Themes were used to analyse the data. The study highlights the effects of drama on social development, including children’s increased communication abilities and the improvement of communication skills in children. The results can be used as a general overview by educators and the government to understand how drama might be employed as a teaching approach for indigenous children.
Perceptions of ESL Teachers from Tamil Vernacular Type Schools (SJKT) About Online Teaching and Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Raman Kumuthaselvi , C. Sandaran Shanti , Gunasegaran Iswaran 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of ESL teachers in Tamil vernacular schools about online teaching and learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. While there are studies on teachers’ perceptions during Covid-19, less is known about ESL Tamil vernacular type schoolteachers’ perceptions on teaching and learning during the Covid pandemic, where Tamil is the medium of instruction, with the Malay Language as the second language and English as the third language. Purposive sampling was used to select 30 ESL teachers from different Tamil vernacular schools in the Johor Bahru region. Using an explanatory sequential mixed method approach to collect the data, in the first phase, a close-ended questionnaire was used as a quantitative instrument. As for the second phase, an open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data. GNU PSPP software was used to analyse the quantitative data, while the qualitative data was analysed through descriptive content analysis. The findings of the study showed the perceptions of ESL teachers about online teaching and learning, such as online teaching and learning tools, skills needed to conduct online teaching, challenges in online teaching and learning as well as positive aspects of online teaching and learning. The findings show that the challenges the teachers faced during online teaching outweighs the positive aspects stated. This calls for more research about vernacular-type schools. The findings can be a reminder for the school management to provide more training for teachers on how to help students be more interactive, motivated and be less inhibited during online teaching and learning.
A Euclidean Fourier‐analytic approach to vertical projections in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Harris Terence L. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn improved almost everywhere lower bound is given for Hausdorff dimension under vertical projections in the first Heisenberg group, with respect to the Carnot‐Carathéodory metric. This improves the known lower bound, and answers a question of Fässler and Hovila. The approach uses the Euclidean Fourier transform, Basset's integral formula, and modified Bessel functions of the second kind.
The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitors in Sport: Possible Applications and Considerations
Authors: Bowler Amy-Lee M. , Whitfield Jamie , Marshall Lachlan , Coffey Vernon G. , Burke Louise M. , Cox Gregory R. 
Published: December 2022

This review discusses the potential value of tracking interstitial glucose with continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) in athletes, highlighting possible applications and important considerations in the collection and interpretation of interstitial glucose data. CGMs are sensors that provide real time, longitudinal tracking of interstitial glucose with a range of commercial monitors currently available. Recent advancements in CGM technology have led to the development of athlete-specific devices targeting glucose monitoring in sport. Although largely untested, the capacity of CGMs to capture the duration, magnitude, and frequency of interstitial glucose fluctuations every 1–15 min may present a unique opportunity to monitor fueling adequacy around competitive events and training sessions, with applications for applied research and sports nutrition practice. Indeed, manufacturers of athlete-specific devices market these products as a “fueling gauge,” enabling athletes to “push their limits longer and get bigger gains.” However, as glucose homeostasis is a complex phenomenon, extensive research is required to ascertain whether systemic glucose availability (estimated by CGM-derived interstitial glucose) has any meaning in relation to the intended purposes in sport. Whether CGMs will provide reliable and accurate information and enhance sports nutrition knowledge and practice is currently untested. Caveats around the use of CGMs include technical issues (dislodging of sensors during periods of surveillance, loss of data due to synchronization issues), practical issues (potential bans on their use in some sporting scenarios, expense), and challenges to the underpinning principles of data interpretation, which highlight the role of sports nutrition professionals to provide context and interpretation.
Mathematical Modeling of the Selective Transport of Singly Charged Ions Through Multilayer Composite Ion-Exchange Membrane during Electrodialysis
Authors: Gorobchenko A. D. , Gil V. V. , Nikonenko V. V. , Sharafan M. V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The deposition of several alternating anion- and cation-exchange surface layers (layer-by-layer method) is a promising technique for the modification of ion-exchange membranes, which makes it possible to essentially increase their selectivity to singly charged ions. This paper presents a one-dimensional model, which is based on the Nernst–Planck–Poisson equations and describes the competitive transfer of singly and doubly charged ions through a multilayer composite ion-exchange membrane. It has been revealed for the first time that, as in the earlier studied case of a bilayer membrane, the dependence of the specific permselectivity coefficient (P1/2) of a multilayer membrane on the electrical current density passes through a maximum $$\left( {P_{{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}}}^{{\max }}} \right).$$ It has been shown that an increase in the number of nanosized modification bilayers n leads to the growth of $$P_{{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}}}^{{\max }},$$ but the flux of a preferably transferred ion decreases in this case. It has been established that $$P_{{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}}}^{{\max }}$$ is attained at underlimiting current densities and relatively low potential drop. The simulated dependences $$P_{{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}}}^{{\max }}$$(n) qualitatively agree with the known literature experimental and theoretical results.
Multidisciplinary management of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome as a result of consanguineous marriage
Authors: Ramkumar Narayane , Sankar Hanumanth 
Published: December 2022

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome, and consanguinity has been reported in 20%–40% of cases. It is characterised by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis associated with severe early-onset periodontitis and premature loss of primary and permanent teeth. This report describes a case of PLS in a female patient with consanguineously married parents. The patient reported mobile upper front teeth. Clinical examination revealed presence of marked palmoplantar hyperkeratosis.Symmetric, well-demarcated, yellowish, keratotic and confluent plaques were seen on the skin of her palms and soles. Intraoral periodontal examination revealed erythematous gingiva with generalised periodontal pockets. Generalised mobility of teeth was present with clinically missing lower anterior teeth. Based on clinical and radiographic feature and the patient’s medical, dental and family history, a diagnosis of PLS was made.
Adult granulosa cell tumour of the testis: an uncommon tumour
Authors: Wahlstedt Eric R , Allison Derek B , Bell John R 
Published: December 2022

A male patient in his late 20s was admitted to the hospital after presenting with left abdominal, back and scrotal pain that had begun approximately 2 weeks earlier. He had a history of a stable left testicular mass for 3 years, and a physical exam revealed a non-tender, firm left testicular mass and a mild left varicocele. Testicular tumour markers were normal, but a scrotal ultrasound revealed a 2 cm hypoechoic left testicular lesion. Staging imaging showed no retroperitoneal adenopathy or pulmonary metastases.The patient underwent left radical inguinal orchiectomy with no evidence of extratesticular or spermatic cord involvement. His surgical pathology revealed a left pT1a 2.3 cm adult granulosa cell tumour of the testis with no lymphovascular invasion. The tumour was positive for inhibin and negative for OCT3/4, supporting the diagnosis.
Improving the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare: a scoping review on the recommendations of young adults with lived experience
Authors: Cassidy Monique , Doucet Shelley , Luke Alison , Goudreau Alex , MacNeill Lillian 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThe goal of this review was to identify recommendations within the literature on how to improve the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare from the perspective of young adults (YAs) living with chronic conditions who have gone through the process.DesignThis review was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews.Search strategyWe searched MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO) and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases, and conducted a grey literature search for relevant material. The databases were searched in December 2019, and re-searched June 2020 and September 2020, while the grey literature was searched in April 2020. This scoping review focused on the recommendations of YAs with chronic conditions who have transitioned from paediatric to adult healthcare, in any setting (eg, hospital, clinic or community), and across all sectors (eg, health, education and social services).ResultsEighteen studies met inclusion criteria for this review. These studies included YAs with 14 different chronic conditions, receiving primary health services in North America (67%) and Europe (33%). YAs’ recommendations for improving the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare (n=number of studies reported) included: improving continuity of care (n=12); facilitating patient-centred care (n=9); building strong support networks (n=11) and implementing transition education preparedness training (n=7).ConclusionReview findings can benefit service delivery by addressing important barriers to health, education, and social services for youth transitioning to adult healthcare.