bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propensity matched analysis examining the effect of passive reversal of direct oral anticoagulants on blood loss and the need for transfusions among traumatic geriatric hip fractures
Authors: Meinig Richard , Jarvis Stephanie , Salottolo Kristin , Nwafo Nnamdi , McNair Patrick , Harrison Paul , Morgan Steven , Duane Therese , Woods Bradley , Nentwig Michelle , Kelly Michael , Cornutt David , Bar-Or David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Reversal of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is currently recommended prior to emergent surgery, such as surgical intervention for traumatic geriatric hip fractures. However, reversal methods are expensive and timely, often delaying surgical intervention, which is a predictor of outcomes. The study objective was to examine the effect of DOAC reversal on blood loss and transfusions among geriatric patients with hip fractures.

Methods
This retrospective propensity-matched study across six level I trauma centers included geriatric patients on DOACs with isolated fragility hip fractures requiring surgical intervention (2014–2017). Outcomes included: intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative pRBCs, and hospital length of stay (HLOS).

Results
After matching there were 62 patients (31 reversed, 31 not reversed), 29 patients were not matched. The only reversal method utilized was passive reversal (waiting ≥ 24 hours for elimination). Passively reversed patients had a longer time to surgery (mean, 43 vs. 18 hours, p < 0.01). Most patients (92%) had blood loss (90% passively reversed, 94% not reversed); the median volume of blood loss was 100 mL for both those groups, p = 0.97. Thirteen percent had pRBCs transfused (13% passively reversed and 13% not reversed); the median volume of pRBCs transfused was 525 mL for those passively reversed and 314 mL for those not reversed, p = 0.52. The mean HLOS was significantly longer for those passively reversed (7 vs. 5 days, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Passive DOAC reversal for geriatric patients with isolated hip fracture requiring surgery may be contributing to delayed surgery and an increased HLOS without having a significant effect on blood loss or transfusions. These data suggest that passive DOAC reversal may not be necessary prior to surgical repair of isolated hip fracture.
Early Peanut Introduction Awareness, Beliefs, and Practices Among Parents and Caregivers
Authors: Samady Waheeda , Warren Christopher , Bilaver Lucy A. , Zaslavsky Justin , Jiang Jialing , Gupta Ruchi 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The 2017 Prevention of Peanut Allergy Guidelines recommend incorporating peanut protein into infants’ diets to prevent peanut allergy. The goal of this study was to explore US caregivers’ awareness, beliefs, practices, and outcomes around peanut introduction.

METHODS
A parent-report survey was administered between January and February 2021 to a population-based sample of 3062 US parents/caregivers of a child between age 7 months and 3.5 years. The survey evaluated awareness, beliefs, feeding practices, primary care provider (PCP) interactions, and food reactions.

RESULTS
Overall, 13.3% of parents/caregivers reported Prevention of Peanut Allergy Guidelines awareness. Caregivers who reported being white, 30 to 44 years of age, educated, high income, or cared for a child with food allergy or eczema were more likely to be guideline-aware (P &lt; .001). Among US parents/caregivers, 47.7% believed that feeding peanuts early prevented peanut allergy; 17.2% first offered peanut-containing foods before age 7 months and 41.8% did so between ages 7 and 12 months. Peanut introduction occurred earlier among guideline-aware parents/caregivers: 31% offered it before 7 months (P &lt; .001). Overall, 57.8% of parents/caregivers reported discussing peanut introduction with their PCP. PCP counseling was the most common facilitator for peanut introduction before 7 months (odds ratio 16.26 [9.49–27.85]), whereas fear of reactions was the most common reason for delaying peanut introduction beyond 7 months (32.5%). Actual reactions during peanut introduction were reported by 1.4%.

CONCLUSIONS
Early peanut feeding practices are gaining traction among US parents/caregivers; however, disparities exist. Future efforts to increase guideline adherence need to address disparities, provide support for medical providers, and educate about the true incidence of reactions.
Naltrexone blocks alcohol-induced effects on kappa-opioid receptors in the plasma membrane
Authors: Terenius Lars , Oasa Sho , Sezgin Erdinc , Ma Yuelong , Horne David , Radmiković Mihajlo , Jovanović-Talisman Tijana , Martin-Fardon Remi , Vukojevic Vladana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Naltrexone (NTX), a homologue of the opiate antidote naloxone, is an orally active long-acting mu-opioid receptor (MOP) antagonist used in the treatment of opiate dependence. NTX is also found to relieve craving for alcohol and is one of the few FDA-approved drugs for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Reports that NTX blocks the actions of endogenous opioids released by alcohol are not convincing, suggesting that NTX interferes with alcohol actions by affecting opioid receptors. MOP and kappa-opioid receptor (KOP) are structurally related but functionally different. MOP is mainly located in interneurons activated by enkephalins while KOP is located in longer projections activated by dynorphins. While the actions of NTX on MOP are well established, the interaction with KOP and addiction is not well understood. We used sensitive fluorescence-based methods to study the influence of alcohol on KOP and the interaction between KOP and NTX. Here we report that alcohol interacts with KOP and its environment in the plasma membrane. These interactions are affected by NTX and are exerted both on KOP directly and on the plasma membrane (lipid) structures (“off-target”). The actions of NTX are stereospecific. Selective KOP antagonists, recently in early clinical trials for major depressive disorder, block the receptor but do not show the full action profile of NTX. The therapeutic effect of NTX treatment in AUD may be due to direct actions on KOP and the receptor environment.
Insight into tuning of ZrO2 distribution and mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al2O3/(5Re0.2)AG/ZrO2 eutectic ceramic composites
Authors: Zhong Yujie , Li Zhe , Wang Xu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A novel Al2O3/(Y0.2Er0.2Yb0.2Ho0.2Lu0.2)3Al5O12((5Re0.2)AG)/ZrO2 eutectic high entropy oxide ceramic composites (HEOCs) was prepared by the directional solidification technique. The Al2O3/(5Re0.2)AG/ZrO2 eutectic HEOCs had a refined microstructure and different crystallographic orientation relationships of < 10–10 > Al2O3 || <103>(5Re0.2)AG || <100 > ZrO2, {11–20}Al2O3 || {100}(5Re0.2)AG || {100}ZrO2, {0001} Al2O3 || {103}(5Re0.2)AG || {100}ZrO2 compared to Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic ceramic composites. ZrO2 in the Al2O3/(5Re0.2)AG/ZrO2 eutectic HEOCs was distributed more uniformly and dispersedly than in Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic ceramic composites due to the similar volume strain of Al2O3/(5Re0.2)AG, (5Re0.2)AG/ZrO2 and Al2O3/ZrO2. As a result, mechanical performance including hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness had been greatly improved because of the refined microstructure, tailored interfacial structure, and homogeneous distribution of ZrO2 caused by the introduction of the high entropy (5Re0.2)AG.
A WOA-Stacking Tobacco Leaf Grading Method Based on Multi-Heterogeneous Classifiers Ensemble
Authors: Hou Kaihu , Zhang Jin , Long Jie , Gai Xiaolei , Zhang Xiaowei , Liu Yuchen , Zhang Jiwu , Sun Haowei , Zhang Ke 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tobacco leaf grading is an essential step for the rational use of tobacco resources and enhancing tobacco benefits. However, the existing tobacco leaf grading technology suffers from the problem of limited grade discrimination and low identification accuracy of single classifiers. To address these issues, we proposed a tobacco leaf grading method based on Whale Optimization Algorithm and multi-heterogeneous classifier Stacking ensemble (WOA-Stacking). In this paper, we utilized the differences in data observation and training principles of heterogeneous classifiers and integrate them using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to build a stacked ensemble model. The fitness function is calculated based on the classification performance matrix and the discriminant function. The optimal combination of base classifier and meta classifier is selected from the classifier pool composed of 9 heterogeneous classifiers, and a data-driven classification model is constructed. Subsequently, hyperparameter tuning and hierarchical coupling are performed by Grid Search (GS) and K-fold Cross-Validation (K-CV). Finally, the model is evaluated and validated by applying the tobacco leaf grade dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the WOA-Stacking model outperforms traditional single classification models, and achieves high accuracy in tobacco leaf grade classification. The model constructed in this paper can be applied as a data-driven general model for tobacco leaf grade classification in different regions, providing technical support towards industrialization of tobacco leaf grading.
Vitamin a Supplementation Status and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Gebretsadik Solomon , Yemane Betelhem , Adraro Zerihun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Vitamin A supplementation has been shown to reduce risk of death in under 5 children by about 23%-30% .Guaranteeing a high coverage of supplementation is therefore critical, not only to eliminating vitamin A deficiency as a public health problem but also as a central elements of the child survival agenda. The purpose of this study was to assess vitamin A supplementationstatus and associated factors among children 6-59 months of age at Akaki Kality sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was applied among children 6-59 months of age in Akaki Kality sub city from23rd of March to 15th of April, 2021. A multi-stage sampling, followed by a systematic sampling technique was employed to select study participants. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with vitamin A supplementation. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval was computed to assess the strength of the association, and variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered as statistically significant.
Result: The result revealed that vitamin A supplementation coverage among children age 6 to 59 months was 59.5%.Women educational status (AOR=5.590; 95%CI: 2.179-14.343), household monthly income (AOR=0.322; 95% CI: 0.163-0.637), having information about VAS (AOR=5.811; 95% CI: 3.448-9.794) and child age (AOR=0.286; 95% CI: 0.133-0.613)were statistical significantly associated (p-value less than 0.05) with vitamin A coverage.
Conclusion: The vitamin A supplementation coverage in the study area was low which is far from the expected national target. Women education and monthly income were positively associated, but the children age was inversely associated with vitamin A coverage. Hence, different effort has to be applied like awareness creation through community education and improving socio-economic status of the community to enhance the coverage of vitamin A supplementation coverage.
Macro level system mapping of the provision of mental health services to young people living in a conflict context in Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan Roberto Rengifo , Pinilla-Roncancio Mónica , Casas German , Carranza Francy , Weber Sanne , Fenton Sarah-Jane , Jackson Paul , Romero Juan Pablo Aranguren 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: This article is the first to present a national level mapping of the provision of mental health services to young people living in Colombia. It explores the existing public mental health provision in the country, with a particular focus on where mental health resources are concentrated.
Methods: This research adopted a mixed methodology including: 1) a documentary policy analysis to understand youth mental health provision; 2) interviews with key policy makers and stakeholders responsible at the national level for policy delivery and implementation; and 3) a quantitative analysis of three key datasets to understand the resources available for youth mental health within Colombia.
Results: We use this mapping to understand how the current mental health system in Colombia fits with international approaches to youth mental health and find that whilst mental health disorders presented a significant portion of the global disease burden, particularly in low-income countries, approaches to supporting population level youth mental health have not been adapted for conflict contexts. This paper addresses that gap through a detailed review of documentation, interviews with key stakeholders and a quantitative analysis of existing data on mental health and suicide across Colombia.
Mental health was framed (biomedical, biosocial, psychologically or through human rights), Colombian policy clearly focusses on a differential approach that shapes service provision to target support at those in need, but consequently neglects whole population level mental health support. This means that not all stakeholders were clearly articulated or included in policy and key stakeholders, such as education, were not linked to implementation plans or activity. Policy approaches were also over-centralised with little cross-institutional collaboration.
Conclusion: Youth were specifically missing from services, as was explicit understanding the intergenerational effects and impact of conflict. This was exacerbated by unequal distribution of mental health care services concentrated in populous, urban areas away from conflict-affected regions. Suicide is the second most prevalent cause of death with 10% of population who were recorded as dying by violence, dying from completed suicide. Triangulation of this data implies a strong relationship between suicide and poorer access to professional support in conflict-affected areas.
The prognostic value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and red cell distribution width (RDW) in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy.
Authors: Staniewska Emilia , Grudzień Karolina , Raczek-Zwierzycka Katarzyna , Rembak-Szynkiewicz Justyna , Stankiewicz Magdalena , Nowicka Zuzanna , Tarnawski Rafał , Miszczyk Marcin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Malignant uterine cervical neoplasms continue to be the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. There is a growing interest in the prognostic value of routinely performed pre-treatment blood test indices such as red cell distribution width (RDW) or systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), the latter combining neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). These indices were shown to be prognostic for survival in some malignancies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between pre-treatment RDW and SII, and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with radiotherapy for primary localised cervical cancer.
Methods
This retrospective analysis included patients treated with definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT) between 2011 and 2017 for histopathologically confirmed FIGO 2018 stage IB2-IVA cervical cancer. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, two-sided log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models, with the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) serving as a prediction error estimator.
Results
The study group included 249 patients with a median age of 57.2 years and a median follow-up of 75.8 months. The majority were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (237, 95.2%) and had FIGO stage III (211, 84.7%). Approximately half of the patients (116; 46.4%) had regional lymph node metastases.
Patients with low RDW (≤13.4%) and low SII (≤986.01) had a significantly longer OS (p=0.001 and p=0.002). The RDW remained as an independent prognostic factor in the multivariable model (high vs low; HR=2.04; 95%CI: 1.32-3.16; p=0.001). Including RDW in the model decreased Akaike Information Criterion from 1028.25 to 1018.15.
Conclusions
RDW is a cheap and widely available index that is simultaneously an independent prognostic factor for survival and could be used to improve pre-treatment prognosis assessment in cervical cancer patients undergoing CRT. Available data encourages assessing RDW as a prognostic factor in prospective trials to aid identification of candidates for treatment escalation.
Improvement of directivity in plasmonic nanoantennas based on structured cubic gold nanoparticles
Authors: Dehkordi Shiva Moazen , Mohammadi Hamidreza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An array of metallic nanoparticles can diffract or concentrate the incident electromagnetic wave and hence behaves as an antenna. In this paper, the effects of inner sub-wavelength structure of nanoparticles is studied on the directivity of the plasmonic nanoantenna which is coated on the output of a waveguide. The results show that structured nanoantennas can improve the directivity of the antenna due to the hybridization mechanism. The resuls may be useful for designing and fabricateing directive optical fibers endcaps.
Evaluation of changes in interleukin 33 in Alzheimer's disease model and changes caused by propolis treatment on brain tissue of rats
Authors: Banaei Gooya , Zarrabian Shahram , Rouhollah Fatemeh , Bidooki Seyed Hesamoddin , Matinahmadi Arash , Tavakolpournegari Alireza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer's disease is described as a structural and functional disorder of the human brain and its prevalence is increasing among middle-aged communities. Inflammation is one of the most important key factors in the development of Alzheimer's. IL-33, as a multifunctional cytokine, can play a significant role in Alzheimer's-induced inflammation. This study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of propolis On IL-33 gene expression. It is also designed to observe its effect on memory and learning in groups of laboratory rats.
Methods
To evaluate the learning and movement ability of the animals the passive avoidance learning, and locomotion tests were carried out after injection of scopolamine and propolis in third and fourth groups. Then, the morphologic changes and density of survival neurons counting have been assessed using histopathological analysis and following on, Real-Time PCR was applied to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis on the expression level of IL-33 mRNA in samples.
Results
Our study showed the treatment of animals using propolis led to an increase in learning and movement ability compared to the Alzheimer group. Besides, the histopathological evaluation demonstrated that the number of survival neurons were significantly more than Alzheimer group in hippocampal CA1 area, although the existing lesions was similar in both groups. The treatment of animals by propolis also resulted in a considerable increase in the expression of IL-33 in comparison with other groups.
Conclusion
In general, it seems that the application of propolis, as an anti-inflammatory compound, could be considered as a remarkable impact on Alzheimer improvement by both accelerations of IL-33 expression and learning ability. However further studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism and efficacy of this agent for the people suffer from Alzheimer.
Anomalous origin of the circumflex coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: a case report
Authors: Donné Marieke , Vandekerckhove Kristof , Drieghe Benny , François Katrien , Panzer Joseph 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Case description:
A 4-year old boy without significant prior history, presented with pronounced dyspnea. During clinical examination only mild hepatomegaly was present. Thoracic radiography showed significant cardiomegaly. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular dilatation and poor systolic function. Both Troponin and NT-pro-BNP level were elevated. Treatment with diuretics and inotropics was started with clinical improvement. The diagnosis of an anomalous left circumflex artery out of the right pulmonary artery was suspected by coronarography and confirmed by coronary CT. Coronary reimplantation was performed without complications. Subsequently, left ventricular dimensions normalized progressively in the next months.
Discussion:
Without congenital heart disease, an anomalous left circumflex artery arising from the pulmonary artery is rarely present. Symptoms and prognosis are determined by the amount of collateral circulation to provide adequate myocardial perfusion. Diagnosis of an anomalous left circumflex artery (LCx) is mostly made at adult age. However, our patient presented at young age. Even though the origin of both coronary arteries was normal, a coronary anomaly lies at the origin of his cardiac dysfunction. Treatment consisting of surgical reimplantation or coronary bypass is the primary choice.
Conclusion:
We present this case to highlight the importance of having a high index of suspicion of coronary artery abnormalities in children with dilated cardiomyopathy, as the prognosis can be very favorable after surgical repair. Transthoracic echocardiography is not always conclusive in showing a normal origin of both coronary arteries and certainly not for visualizing the LCx reliably. Therefore, further imaging should be considered in children with a new diagnosis of unexplained DCM.
Analyzing the Effect of Wastewater on Groundwater Quality, in case of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Chalachew Mulat , Wondim Tilik Tena , Ketema Atikilt Abebe , Dessie Elsabet Mekonen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Most residential and institutional centers in urban areas provide on-site sanitary facilities for waste management, such as septic tanks and conventional pit latrines, to collect and dispose of the generated human wastes. The most difficult problem in Bahir Dar City is the influence of these human waste management sanitary structures on groundwater quality, which has recently become a major concern in most developing countries, including Ethiopia. Twelve (12) shallow groundwater wells were selected purposively throughout the city in order to assess the pollutant concentration and its impact on groundwater quality. Temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, nitrate, phosphate, total hardness, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were all measured in the collected groundwater samples both in situ and in the lab. To determine pollutant sources and levels of compliance with particular water quality criteria, differences in groundwater quality parameters between the measured stations were examined. In all sampled stations, the study's overall findings revealed that E. coli concentration levels exceeded the WHO threshold, and shallow wells next to on-site waste management facilities are completely contaminated. The results of this study will generally aid in the future development of the best groundwater quality management strategies and methods for implementing corrective actions to avoid groundwater quality issues.