bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Validation of Ensemble Cloud‐Process Simulations Using Polarimetric Radar Observations and Simulator Over the NASA Wallops Flight Facility
Authors: Matsui Toshi , Wolff David B. , Lang Stephen , Mohr Karen , Zhang Minghua , Xie Shaocheng , Tang Shuaiqi , Saleeby Stephen M. , Posselt Derek J. , Braun Scott A. , Chern Jiun‐Dar , Dolan Brenda , Pippitt Jason L. , Loftus Adrian M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe BiLateral Operational Storm‐Scale Observation and Modeling (BLOSSOM) project was initiated to establish a long‐term supersite to improve understanding of cloud physical states and processes as well as to support satellite and climate model programs over the Wallops Flight Facility site via a bilateral approach of storm‐scale observations and process modeling. This study highlights a noble systematic validation framework of the BLOSSOM ensemble cloud‐process simulations through mixed‐phase, light‐rain, and deep‐convective precipitation cases. The framework consists of creating a domain‐shifted ensemble of large‐scale forcing data sets, and configuring and performing cloud‐process simulations with three different bulk microphysics schemes. Validation uses NASA S‐band dual‐POLarimetric radar observations in the form of statistical composites and skill scores via a polarimetric radar simulator and newly developed CfRad Data tool (CfRAD). While the simulations capture the overall structures of the reflectivity composites, polarimetric signals are still poorly simulated, mainly due to a lack of representation of ice microphysics diversity in shapes, orientation distributions, and their complex mixtures. Despite the limitation, this new ensemble‐based validation framework demonstrates that (a) no particular forcing or microphysics scheme outperforms the rest and (b) the skill scores of coarse‐ and fine‐resolution ensemble simulations with different domain‐shifted forcing and microphysics schemes are highly correlated with each other with no clear improvement. On the other hand, this suggests that coarse‐resolution ensemble simulations are relevant for selecting the best meteorological forcing and microphysics scheme before conducting computationally demanding large eddy simulations in support of aircraft and satellite instrument development as well as cloud‐precipitation‐convection parameterizations.
Improving the Electron Radiation Belt Nowcast and Forecast Using the SafeSpace Data Assimilation Modeling Pipeline
Authors: Brunet A. , Dahmen N. , Katsavrias C. , Santolík O. , Bernoux G. , Pierrard V. , Botek E. , Darrouzet F. , Nasi A. , Aminalragia‐Giamini S. , Papadimitriou C. , Bourdarie S. , Daglis I. A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe H2020 SafeSpace project aims at the implementation of a space weather safety prototype, in particular to predict the deep charging hazard. The proposed service is built on a Sun‐to‐Earth chain of physical codes that propagates physical information and uncertainties in order to model the outer radiation belt dynamics. In this paper, we present the inner magnetosphere section of the SafeSpace pipeline that relies on solar wind driven and hourly updated models that describe the trapped electron environment (VLF waves, cold plasma and seed population densities), as well as the physical processes to which the trapped electrons are subjected to, such as radial diffusion and wave particle interactions. Then, this physical configuration is poured into the Salammbô‐EnKF model, a data assimilation radiation belt model which provides a global forecast of the densities across the radiation belts. We have compared the forecasting performance of this new modeling pipeline to a reference model during the St. Patrick's Day storm in 2015. We show that the new SafeSpace implementation shows closer results to the observations in addition to a better forecast within the prediction horizon.
Kinetics of Cold Ions in Asymmetric Reconnection: Particle‐In‐Cell Simulation
Authors: Song Liangjin , Zhou Meng , Yi Yongyuan , Zhong Zhihong , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCold ions from Earth's ionosphere and plasmasphere have frequently been observed at the magnetopause, where they impact reconnection and get energized in the process. The behavior of cold ions in different regions of magnetopause reconnection is not well understood. This study investigates their kinetics in asymmetric reconnection through a 2.5‐D fully kinetic simulation. The simulation starts with cold ions being present only in the magnetosphere. We find that the velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of cold ions in different reconnection regions are composed of two types of particles, distinguished by their ability to penetrate the magnetosheath. One type produces ring‐shaped distributions in the magnetosheath due to meandering motion, while the other generates ring‐shaped distributions in the magnetospheric separatrix as a result of gyromotion. The reconnection electric field Ey has a negative effect on one type and a positive effect on the other. Moreover, the Hall electric field Ez can stepwise accelerate the meandering particles. The cold ion temperature increases significantly in the magnetosheath as compared to its original temperature, the enhancement is a kinetic effect as a result of the ring‐shaped velocity distribution. On the other hand, in the remaining regions, cold ions experience bulk heating, resulting in noticeable temperature elevation. These findings further emphasize the necessity to examine the VDF for an all‐round comprehension of the particle heating mechanism and contribute to a better understanding of cold ion dynamics at the Earth's magnetopause.
Targeting SphK1/2 by SKI-178 inhibits prostate cancer cell growth
Authors: Jin Lu , Zhu Jin , Yao Linya , Shen Gang , Xue Bo-xin , Tao Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSphingosine kinases (SphK), including SphK1 and SphK2, are important enzymes promoting progression of prostate cancer. SKI-178 is a novel and highly potent SphK1/2 dual inhibitor. We here tested the potential anti-prostate cancer cell activity of SKI-178. Bioinformatics analyses and results from local tissues demonstrated that that both SphK1 and SphK2 are upregulated in human prostate cancer tissues. Ectopic overexpression of SphK1 and SphK2, by lentiviral constructs, promoted primary prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. In primary human prostate cancer cells and immortalized cell lines, SKI-178 potently inhibited cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell migration, causing robust cell death and apoptosis. SKI-178 impaired mitochondrial functions, causing mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species production and ATP depletion.SKI-178 potently inhibited SphK activity and induced ceramide production, without affecting SphK1/2 expression in prostate cancer cells. Further, SKI-178 inhibited Akt-mTOR activation and induced JNK activation in prostate cancer cells. Contrarily, a constitutively-active Akt1 construct or the pharmacological JNK inhibitors attenuated SKI-178-induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. In vivo, daily intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of SKI-178 potently inhibited PC-3 xenograft growth in nude mice. SphK inhibition, ceramide production, ATP depletion and lipid peroxidation as well as Akt-mTOR inactivation and JNK activation were detected in PC-3 xenograft tissues with SKI-178 administration. Together, targeting SphK1/2 by SKI-178 potently inhibited prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
Pancreatic acinar cell fate relies on system xC- to prevent ferroptosis during stress
Authors: Pan Zhaolong , Van den Bossche Jan-Lars , Rodriguez-Aznar Eva , Janssen Pauline , Lara Olaya , Ates Gamze , Massie Ann , De Paep Diedert Luc , Houbracken Isabelle , Mambretti Marco , Rooman Ilse 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcinar cell dedifferentiation is one of the most notable features of acute and chronic pancreatitis. It can also be the initial step that facilitates pancreatic cancer development. In the present study, we further decipher the precise mechanisms and regulation using primary human cells and murine experimental models. Our RNAseq analysis indicates that, in both species, early acinar cell dedifferentiation is accompanied by multiple pathways related to cell survival that are highly enriched, and where SLC7A11 (xCT) is transiently upregulated. xCT is the specific subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xC-. To decipher its role, gene silencing, pharmacological inhibition and a knock-out mouse model were used. Acinar cells with depleted or reduced xCT function show an increase in ferroptosis relating to lipid peroxidation. Lower glutathione levels and more lipid ROS accumulation could be rescued by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. In caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice, xCT also prevents lipid peroxidation in acinar cells. In conclusion, during stress, acinar cell fate seems to be poised for avoiding several forms of cell death. xCT specifically prevents acinar cell ferroptosis by fueling the glutathione pool and maintaining ROS balance. The data suggest that xCT offers a druggable tipping point to steer the acinar cell fate in stress conditions.
A stable and replicable neural signature of lifespan adversity in the adult brain
Authors: Holz Nathalie E. , Zabihi Mariam , Kia Seyed Mostafa , Monninger Maximillian , Aggensteiner Pascal-M. , Siehl Sebastian , Floris Dorothea L. , Bokde Arun L. W. , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Brühl Rüdiger , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Vaidya Nilakshi , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Brandeis Daniel , Buitelaar Jan K. , Nees Frauke , Beckmann Christian ,   IMAGEN Consortium, Martinot Jean-Luc , Paillère Martinot Marie-Laure , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Banaschewski Tobias , Marquand Andre F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnvironmental adversities constitute potent risk factors for psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests the brain adapts to adversity, possibly in an adversity-type and region-specific manner. However, the long-term effects of adversity on brain structure and the association of individual neurobiological heterogeneity with behavior have yet to be elucidated. Here we estimated normative models of structural brain development based on a lifespan adversity profile in a longitudinal at-risk cohort aged 25 years (n = 169). This revealed widespread morphometric changes in the brain, with partially adversity-specific features. This pattern was replicated at the age of 33 years (n = 114) and in an independent sample at 22 years (n = 115). At the individual level, greater volume contractions relative to the model were predictive of future anxiety. We show a stable neurobiological signature of adversity that persists into adulthood and emphasize the importance of considering individual-level rather than group-level predictions to explain emerging psychopathology.
The non-classical major histocompatibility complex II protein SLA-DM is crucial for African swine fever virus replication
Authors: Pannhorst Katrin , Carlson Jolene , Hölper Julia E. , Grey Finn , Baillie John Kenneth , Höper Dirk , Wöhnke Elisabeth , Franzke Kati , Karger Axel , Fuchs Walter , Mettenleiter Thomas C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is a lethal animal pathogen that enters its host cells through endocytosis. So far, host factors specifically required for ASFV replication have been barely identified. In this study a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in porcine cells indicated that the genes RFXANK, RFXAP, SLA-DMA, SLA-DMB, and CIITA are important for productive ASFV infection. The proteins encoded by these genes belong to the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II), or swine leucocyte antigen complex II (SLA II). RFXAP and CIITA are MHC II-specific transcription factors, whereas SLA-DMA/B are subunits of the non-classical MHC II molecule SLA-DM. Targeted knockout of either of these genes led to severe replication defects of different ASFV isolates, reflected by substantially reduced plating efficiency, cell-to-cell spread, progeny virus titers and viral DNA replication. Transgene-based reconstitution of SLA-DMA/B fully restored the replication capacity demonstrating that SLA-DM, which resides in late endosomes, plays a crucial role during early steps of ASFV infection.
Comparison of the effects of use, protection, improper renovation and removal of asbestos products on the example of typical old office buildings in Poland
Authors: Obmiński Andrzej 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study focused on old, German building types “LIPSK” and “BERLIN” used in Poland, since the 1960s in Eastern Europe. The different operations on buildings were analysed: protection and maintenance of asbestos products, asbestos removal and inadvertent damage to asbestos as a result of building renovation. Measurements of respirable (countable) asbestos fibres in the air were carried out using the PCOM + PLM method and SEM–EDS. In the case of the accidental destruction of products, initial contamination was ≈7000 f/m3. After 16 weeks from the end of the activity and 20 days of extreme ventilation, contamination decreased to about 500 f/m3. At the same time, in similar rooms, without extreme ventilation, the pollution was above 4000 f/m3. The average increase in pollution in a dozen or so similar buildings, after asbestos removal in places beyond the work zones, ranged from ≈ 1700–2700 f/m3 and lasted for one or two years. These buildings, used without ACM destruction or after product impregnation, have maintained low asbestos contamination < 300 f/m3 for more than 10–20 years. So, due to the easy release of asbestos that occurs with any ACM removal and the increased risk of occupant exposure, these works are often inappropriate for the buildings in question.
An exhaustive scrutiny to amplify the heating prospects by devising a core@shell nanostructure for constructive magnetic hyperthermia applications
Authors: Tsopoe S. P. , Borgohain C. , Kar Manoranjan , Kumar Panda Shantanu , Borah J. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn interfacial integration at the nanoscale domain through a core@shell (CS) nanostructure has constructively unbarred a wide dimension to researchers on biomedical applications, especially for magnetic fluid hyperthermia. Lately, the interconnection of the exchange bias effect (EBE) through the interface coupling to the magnetic heating efficiency has uttered its utmost prominence for researchers. Here, we delineate the ascendency of the heating ability through a coalescing assembly of mixed ferrite Co0.5Zn0.5 Fe2O4 (CZ) and soft magnetic material Fe3O4 (F), by devising a network of CoZnFe2O4@Fe3O4 (CZF) CS nanostructure. A hefty interface activity with validation of the EBE phenomenon is divulged through magnetic scrutiny for the CS sample. The magnetic nanoparticles heating response to applied magnetic field and frequency is discerned at three distinct fields, where the outcome prevailed to inflated specific loss power for CS CZF in distinction to bare F and CZ samples for all the assessments. Remarkably; a lofty intrinsic loss parameter is also perceived for the CS sample recorded to about 5.36 nHm2 g−1; which is another eccentric outcome that significantly labels the CS CZF sample as a potentially high heating competence agent. This comprehension accords to a finer perspective to meliorate the theranostic environment for hyperthermia applications.
Mechanical properties of rooted soil under freeze–thaw cycles and extended binary medium constitutive model
Authors: Luo Wei , Xiang Bo , Liu Enlong , Zhao Haisong , Wu Kai , He Yunyong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn seasonally frozen soil, soil sometimes is affected by freeze–thaw cycles and root systems. In order to study its mechanical characteristics, a series of consolidation drained triaxial tests under different confining pressures (25, 50, 100, 200 kPa), different freeze–thaw cycles (N = 0, 1, 5, 15) and different root-containing conditions (r = 0, 1, 3) were carried out. The test results show that the specimens exhibit strain softening behavior and volumetric dilatancy phenomena and shear failure under lower confining pressure, and strain hardening and volumetric contraction, bulging failure under higher confining pressure. With the increase of freeze–thaw cycles, the bearing capacity of the sample decreases and the volume strain increases. With the increase of volume ration of roots in the sample, the bearing capacity increases and the volume strain decreases. Based on the binary medium model, the soil is abstracted into bonded elements and frictional elements. At the same time, the bonded elements are transformed into frictional element when the bonded elements are broken during the loading process. Also, the root is abstracted into another non-destructive bonded elements material, which bears the load together. The linear elastic constitutive model is used for root and bonded elements, and the double-hardening model is used for friction elements. Considering the influence of freeze–thaw cycles, the extended binary model is derived here. Finally, the experimental results show that the predicted results of this model are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the new model can relatively well simulate the strain softening and volumetric dilatancy phenomena.
In vitro cholesterol lowering activity of Ganoderma australe mycelia based on mass spectrometry, synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared analysis and liver-spheroid bioactivity
Authors: Wongkhieo Sudthirak , Tangmesupphaisan Wanthongchai , Siriwaseree Jeeraprapa , Aramsirirujiwet Yaovapa , Wiriyajitsomboon Prissana , Kaewgrajang Tharnrat , Pumloifa Saifa , Paemanee Atchara , Kuaprasert Buabarn , Choowongkomon Kiattawee , Chester Adrian H. , Swainson Napachanok M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMycelia were cultivated from a Thai wild mushroom identified as Ganoderma australe based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and morphological analyses. The mycelial extracts were examined for their active ingredients using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) method. This revealed the presence of lovastatin and tentative compounds including p-coumaric, nicotinamide, gamma-aminobutyric acid, choline, nucleosides, amino acids, and saccharides. The extracts had an inhibitory effect on the activity of HMG-CoA reductase in a concentration-dependent manner. At 2.5 mg/mL, the G. australe extracts did not interfere with the viability of HepG2 spheroids, but their biochemical composition was altered as determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lipid profile of the spheroids treated with the mycelial extract was distinct from that of the control and the 5 µM lovastatin treatment, corresponding with the production of cholesterol by the spheroids. The mycelia of G. australe increased the percentage of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) production to 71.35 ± 2.74%, compared to the control and lovastatin-treated spheroids (33.26 ± 3.15% and 32.13 ± 3.24%, respectively). This study revealed the superior effect of natural compound mixtures to pure lovastatin, and the potential use of Thailand’s wild G. australe as a functional food to prevent or alleviate hypercholesterolemia.
Low T direct plasma assisted growth of graphene on sapphire and its integration in graphene/MoS2 heterostructure-based photodetectors
Authors: Muñoz R. , López-Elvira E. , Munuera C. , Carrascoso F. , Xie Y. , Çakıroğlu O. , Pucher T. , Puebla S. , Castellanos-Gomez A. , García-Hernández M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report on outstanding photo-responsivity, R > 103 A/W, fast response (~0.1 s), and broadband sensitivity ranging from the UV to the NIR in two terminal graphene/MoS2 photodetectors. Our devices are based on the deterministic transfer of MoS2 on top of directly grown graphene on sapphire, and their performance outperforms previous similar photodetectors using large-scale grown graphene. Here we devise a protocol for the direct growth of transparent (transmittance, Tr > 90%), highly conductive (sheet resistance, R□ < 1 kΩ) uniform and continuous graphene films on sapphire at 700 °C by using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with C2H2/H2 gas mixtures. Our study demonstrates the successful use of plasma-assisted low-temperature CVD techniques to directly grow graphene on insulators for optoelectronic applications.
Unified short syntheses of oxygenated tricyclic aromatic diterpenes by radical cyclization with a photoredox catalyst
Authors: Hashimoto Riichi , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Higashibayashi Shuhei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe biomimetic two-phase strategy employing polyene cyclization and subsequent oxidation/substitution is an effective approach for divergent syntheses of [6-6-6]-tricyclic diterpenes. However, this strategy requires lengthy sequences for syntheses of oxygenated tricyclic aromatic abietane/podocarpane diterpenes owing to the many linear oxidation/substitution steps after cyclization. Here, we present a new synthetic route based on a convergent reverse two-phase strategy employing a reverse radical cyclization approach, which enabled the unified short syntheses of four aromatic abietane/podocarpane diterpenes and the divergent short syntheses of other related diterpenes. Oxygenated and substituted precursors for cyclization were convergently prepared through Friedel-Crafts acylation and rhodium-catalyzed site-selective iodination. Radical redox cyclization using an iridium photoredox catalyst involving neophyl rearrangement furnished the thermodynamically favored 6-membered ring preferentially. (±)-5,6-Dehydrosugiol, salvinolone, crossogumerin A, and Δ5-nimbidiol were synthesized in only 8 steps. An oxygenated cyclized intermediate was also useful for divergent derivatization to sugiol, ferruginol, saprorthoquinone, cryptomeriololide, and salvinolone.
Transformational learning and engagement on climate action for students attending a climate negotiation
Authors: Snorek Julie , Gilmore Elisabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen Greta Thunberg addressed world leaders at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)’s 24th Conference of Parties (COP24), it highlighted how young people including Indigenous youth are seeking to influence international climate change negotiations. However, young people face barriers to effectively engaging in the COP processes with few opportunities to learn about the structure and practices for COP Observers. In this paper, we describe and evaluate a structured learning experience developed to support students conducting research related to climate change and their engagement with international climate negotiations. Before attending the COP24, students were given in-person and online training about the UNFCCC, its processes, and major issues under negotiation. They also developed and presented their work during a COP side event. Through pre- and post-surveys and in-depth interviews, we asked students about their expectations and degree of engagement and agency at the COP and more broadly on climate action. Students reported that the academic scaffolding before and during the COP provided most of the students with tools for navigating the complexities of the COP. For all of the students, learning through engagement with the COP24 process supported greater self-efficacy and literacy in relation to climate change action.