bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation and implementation of two-layer oscillatory neural networks for image edge detection: bidirectional and feedforward architectures
Authors: Abernot Madeleine , Aida Todri-Sanial 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The growing number of edge devices in everyday life generates a considerable amount of data that current AI algorithms, like artificial neural networks, cannot handle inside edge devices with limited bandwidth, memory, and energy available. Neuromorphic computing, with low-power oscillatory neural networks (ONNs), is an alternative and attractive solution to solve complex problems at the edge. However, ONN is currently limited with its fully-connected recurrent architecture to solve auto-associative memory problems. In this work, we use an alternative two-layer bidirectional ONN architecture. We introduce a two-layer feedforward ONN architecture to perform image edge detection, using the ONN to replace convolutional filters to scan the image. Using an HNN Matlab emulator and digital ONN design simulations, we report efficient image edge detection from both architectures using various size filters (3 × 3, 5 × 5, and 7 × 7) on black and white images. In contrast, the feedforward architectures can also perform image edge detection on gray scale images. With the digital ONN design, we also assess latency performances and obtain that the bidirectional architecture with a 3 × 3 filter size can perform image edge detection in real-time (camera flow from 25 to 30 images per second) on images with up to 128 × 128 pixels while the feedforward architecture with same 3 × 3 filter size can deal with 170 × 170 pixels, due to its faster computation.
Weather drives variation in COVID-19 transmission and detection
Authors: Rising James , Linsenmeier Manuel , De Menezes Ana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The debate over the influence of weather on COVID-19 epidemiological dynamics remains unsettled as multiple factors are conflated, including viral biology, transmission through social interaction, and the probability of disease detection. Here we distinguish the distinct dynamics of weather on detection and transmission with a multi-method approach combining econometric techniques with epidemiological models, including an extension of a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model, to analyse data for over 4000 geographic units throughout the year 2020. We find distinct and significant effects of temperature, thermal comfort, solar radiation, and precipitation on the growth of infections. We also find that weather affects the rates of both disease transmission and detection. When we isolate transmission effects to understand the potential for seasonal shifts, the instantaneous effects of weather are small, with R0 about 0.007 higher in winter than in summer. However, the effects of weather compound over time, so that a region with a 5 ∘C drop over three months in winter is expected to have 190% more confirmed cases at the end of that 90 days period, relative to a scenario with constant temperature. We also find that the contribution of weather produces the largest effects in high-latitude countries. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and risks becoming endemic, these seasonal dynamics may play a crucial role for health policy.
Quantitative morphometric changes in vascular mild cognitive impairment patients: early diagnosis of dementia
Authors: Guan Jitian , Li Qiuyu , Dai Zhuozhi , Lai Lingfeng , Sun Shuyi , Geng Yiqun , Shen Zhiwei , Luo Lan , Jia Yanlong , Yang Lin , Tang Yanyan , Yan Gen , Wu Renhua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) is an early and reversible stage of dementia. Volume differences in regional gray matter may reveal the development and prognosis of VMCI. This study selected 2 of the most common types of VMCI, namely, periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMH, n = 14) and strategic single infarctions (SSI, n = 10), and used the voxel-based morphometry method to quantify their morphological characteristics. Meanwhile, age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included (n = 16). All the participants were neuropsychologically tested to characterize their cognitive function and underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Our results showed that the volumes of the bilateral temporal lobes and bilateral frontal gray matter were obviously diminished in the PWMH group. The atrophy volume difference was 4,086 voxels in the left temporal lobe, 4,154 voxels in the right temporal lobe, 1,718 voxels in the left frontal lobe, and 1,141 voxels in the right frontal lobe (P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the characteristics of the gray matter atrophy associated with the PWMH were more similar to those associated with Alzheimer’s disease than SSI, which further revealed the susceptibility for escalation from PWMH to dementia. In conclusion, PWMH patients and SSI patients have different morphological characteristics, which explain the different prognoses of VMCI.
Non-invasive detection of cardiac allograft rejection among heart transplant recipients using an electrocardiogram based deep learning model
Authors: Adedinsewo Demilade , Hardway Heather D , Morales-Lara Andrea Carolina , Wieczorek Mikolaj A , Johnson Patrick W , Douglass Erika J , Dangott Bryan J , Nakhleh Raouf E , Narula Tathagat , Patel Parag C , Goswami Rohan M , Lyle Melissa A , Heckman Alexander J , Leoni-Moreno Juan C , Steidley D Eric , Arsanjani Reza , Hardaway Brian , Abbas Mohsin , Behfar Atta , Attia Zachi I , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Noseworthy Peter A , Friedman Paul , Carter Rickey E , Yamani Mohamad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
Current non-invasive screening methods for cardiac allograft rejection have shown limited discrimination and are yet to be broadly integrated into heart transplant care. Given electrocardiogram (ECG) changes have been reported with severe cardiac allograft rejection, this study aimed to develop a deep-learning model, a form of artificial intelligence, to detect allograft rejection using the 12-lead ECG (AI-ECG).

Methods and results
Heart transplant recipients were identified across three Mayo Clinic sites between 1998 and 2021. Twelve-lead digital ECG data and endomyocardial biopsy results were extracted from medical records. Allograft rejection was defined as moderate or severe acute cellular rejection (ACR) based on International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines. The extracted data (7590 unique ECG-biopsy pairs, belonging to 1427 patients) was partitioned into training (80%), validation (10%), and test sets (10%) such that each patient was included in only one partition. Model performance metrics were based on the test set (n = 140 patients; 758 ECG-biopsy pairs). The AI-ECG detected ACR with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–0.90] and 95% (19/20; 95% CI: 75–100%) sensitivity. A prospective proof-of-concept screening study (n = 56; 97 ECG-biopsy pairs) showed the AI-ECG detected ACR with AUC = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.61–0.96) and 100% (2/2; 95% CI: 16–100%) sensitivity.

Conclusion
An AI-ECG model is effective for detection of moderate-to-severe ACR in heart transplant recipients. Our findings could improve transplant care by providing a rapid, non-invasive, and potentially remote screening option for cardiac allograft function.
Contrasting Genomic Evolution Between Domesticated and WildKluyveromyces lactisYeast Populations
Authors: Friedrich Anne , Gounot Jean-Sébastien , Tsouris Andreas , Bleykasten Claudine , Freel Kelle , Caradec Claudia , Schacherer Joseph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe process of domestication has variable consequences on genome evolution leading to different phenotypic signatures. Access to the complete genome sequences of a large number of individuals makes it possible to explore the different facets of this domestication process. Here, we sought to explore the genome evolution of Kluyveromyces lactis, a yeast species well known for its involvement in dairy processes and also present in natural environments. Using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing strategies, we investigated the genomic variability of 41 K. lactis isolates and found that the overall genetic diversity of this species is very high (θw = 3.3 × 10−2) compared with other species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (θw = 1.6 × 10−2). However, the domesticated dairy population shows a reduced level of diversity (θw = 1 × 10−3), probably due to a domestication bottleneck. In addition, this entire population is characterized by the introgression of the LAC4 and LAC12 genes, responsible for lactose fermentation and coming from the closely related species, Kluyveromyces marxianus, as previously described. Our results highlighted that the LAC4/LAC12 gene cluster was acquired through multiple and independent introgression events. Finally, we also identified several genes that could play a role in adaptation to dairy environments through copy number variation. These genes are involved in sugar consumption, flocculation, and drug resistance, and may play a role in dairy processes. Overall, our study illustrates contrasting genomic evolution and sheds new light on the impact of domestication processes on it.
Industry concentration in Europe and North America
Authors: Bajgar Matej , Berlingieri Giuseppe , Calligaris Sara , Criscuolo Chiara , Timmis Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents new evidence on industry concentration at both the country and the world-region levels. It calculates country-level industry concentration measures from the novel data representative of the entire firm population in 12 European countries, and it develops a methodology for calculating industry concentration at the supranational level using detailed cross-country data on subsidiaries of business groups. This paper documents that industry concentration has increased not only in North America but also in Europe since 2000, albeit to a lesser extent.
Peripheral blood persistence and expansion of transferred non-genetically modified Natural Killer cells might not be necessary for clinical activity
Authors: Silla Lucia 
Published: January 2023

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that react without previous exposition to virus infected or malignant cells and stimulate adaptive immune response to build a long-lasting immunity against it. To that end, tissue resident NK cells are predominantly regulatory as opposed to cytotoxic. In the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) setting, which curative potential relies on the graft versus leukemia effect, NK cells are known to play a significant role. This knowledge has paved the way to the active investigation on its anti-tumor effect outside the stem cell transplant scenario. Based on the relevant literature on the adoptive transfer of non-genetically modified NK cells for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute leukemia and on our own experience, we discuss the role of donor cell peripheral blood persistence and expansion and its lack of correlation with anti-leukemia activity.
IL-22 Promotes Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal in the Adult Brain
Authors: Coronas Valérie , Arnault Patricia , Jégou Jean-François , Cousin Laetitia , Rabeony Hanitriniaina , Clarhaut Sandrine , Harnois Thomas , Lecron Jean-Claude , Morel Franck 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMainly known for its role in immune defense and inflammation, interleukin 22 (IL-22) has emerged over the past decade as a cytokine involved in the adaptation of stem/progenitor cell activity for tissue homeostasis and repair. IL-22 is present in the brain, which harbors neural stem cells (NSC) in specific niches of which the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is the most important. In this study, we examined a possible effect of IL-22 on NSC in the adult mouse brain. We demonstrate that the IL-22 receptor is expressed in the V-SVZ, mainly in NSC characterized by their SOX2 expression. Addition of IL-22 to V-VSZ cell cultures resulted in an increase in NSC self-renewal, associated with a shift in NSC division mode towards symmetric proliferative divisions at the expense of differentiative divisions. Conversely, loss of IL-22 in knockout mice led to a decrease in neurosphere yield, suggesting a reduction in the NSC population, which was confirmed by the decrease in cells retaining BrdU labeling in IL-22 knockout mice. Our study supports that IL-22 is involved in the development and/or maintenance of V-VSZ NSC and opens new avenues to further investigate the role of IL-22 in NSC biology in health and disease.
Comparative analysis of glass and Hemotek membrane feeding systems for malaria transmission research
Authors: Graumans Wouter , Schinkel Michelle , van Gemert Geert-Jan , Spitzen Jeroen , Bousema Teun , Miesen Pascal 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Glass membrane feeders are used in malaria research for artificial blood feeding. This study investigates the use of Hemotek membrane feeders as a standardized alternative feeding system.

Methods
Hemotek feeders were compared with glass feeders by assessing mosquito feeding rate, imbibed blood meal volume and Plasmodium falciparum infection intensity on mosquito guts.

Results
While mosquito feeding rate and blood meal volume were comparable between Hemotek and glass feeders, a loss in transmission was observed using the Hemotek feeder with a conventional collagen membrane. There was no difference in transmission between both feeders when Parafilm was used as the membrane.

Conclusions
Hemotek feeders with a Parafilm membrane can be used as an alternative feeding system for malaria transmission research.
Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive function
Authors: Welty Francine K. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
The aim is to provide an update on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in preventing cognitive decline and dementia.

Recent findings
Prospective studies and three new meta-analyses suggest that fish or n-3 PUFA intake are associated with a reduction in development of mild cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in those with mild cognitive impairment showed benefit on cognitive decline, whereas there was no benefit in Alzheimer's disease. In cognitively healthy individuals with clinical coronary artery disease (CAD), 3.36 g EPA and DHA daily slowed cognitive ageing by 2.5 years. Of 15 RCTs in cognitively healthy individuals age more than 55 years, seven reported benefit, whereas eight did not. Potential mechanisms for differences in outcomes include dose, trial duration, apolipoproteinE genotype, sex, stage and rate of cognitive decline, cognitive testing employed and individual characteristics. The downstream product of DHA, neuroprotectin D1, may be involved in beneficial effects.

Summary
Patients with early memory complaints or a family history of dementia and those with CAD should be counselled on the potential benefits of fish intake and supplementation with n-3 PUFA. ApolipoproteinE4 carriers may especially benefit from DHA supplementation prior to development of cognitive decline.
Orthopaedic trauma observerships in North America for international surgeons: the visitors' perspective
Authors: Urva Mayur , Cortez Abigail , Katyal Toshali , Shearer David W. , Morshed Saam , Miclau Theodore , MacKechnie Madeline C. , Sabharwal Sanjeev ,   COACT Study Group
Published: January 2023

Objective:International observerships are one of many efforts aimed at addressing disparities in orthopaedic trauma care globally. However, their impact on visiting surgeons and their home countries, as well as the challenges faced by participating surgeons, are not well-documented.Methods:A survey was distributed to overseas surgeons who participated in an orthopaedic trauma observership from 2009 to 2020. Surgeons were identified through North American institutions previously recognized by the authors as having hosted international observerships. Information gathered included participant demographics, details of and perceived impact of the observership, and barriers faced before, during, and after the program. Responses from 148 international surgeons (ISs) from 49 countries were analyzed.Results:Sixty percent of observerships were at academic programs, 57% lasted 1–3 months, and 60% were self-funded. Participants identified cost and housing as primary barriers. After completing their observership, lack of funding, equipment and support staff, and excessive workload prevented participants from implementing changes at their clinical practice. Most observers believed that they gained relevant clinical (89%) and surgical knowledge (67%) and developed a professional network of North American hosts (63%). The most common suggested changes to the observership were greater hands-on experience in the operating room and structured goal setting relevant to the visiting surgeon.Conclusions:Visiting surgeons find North American orthopaedic trauma observerships helpful in improving their surgical and clinical skills. However, financial constraints and resource limitations at their clinical practice and limited operative experience during the observership present barriers to maximizing this clinical experience. To enhance the relevance of clinical observerships for ISs and impact global orthopaedic trauma care, the unique needs and challenges facing ISs must be addressed.Level of Evidence:IV—Cross-Sectional Study.
Multi-omic identification of key transcriptional regulatory programs during endurance exercise training
Authors: Smith Gregory R. , Zhao Bingqing , Lindholm Malene E. , Raja Archana , Viggars Mark , Pincas Hanna , Gay Nicole R. , Sun Yifei , Ge Yongchao , Nair Venugopalan D. , Sanford James A. , Amper Mary Anne S. , Vasoya Mital , Smith Kevin S. , Montgomer Stephen , Zaslavsky Elena , Bodine Sue C. , Esser Karyn A. , Walsh Martin J. , Snyder Michael P. , Sealfon Stuart C. ,   the MoTrPAC Study Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) play a key role in regulating gene expression and responses to stimuli. We conducted an integrated analysis of chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and RNA expression across eight rat tissues following endurance exercise training (EET) to map epigenomic changes to transcriptional changes and determine key TFs involved. We uncovered tissue-specific changes and TF motif enrichment across all omic layers, differentially accessible regions (DARs), differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We discovered distinct routes of EET-induced regulation through either epigenomic alterations providing better access for TFs to affect target genes, or via changes in TF expression or activity enabling target gene response. We identified TF motifs enriched among correlated epigenomic and transcriptomic alterations, DEGs correlated with exercise-related phenotypic changes, and EET-induced activity changes of TFs enriched for DEGs among their gene targets. This analysis elucidates the unique transcriptional regulatory mechanisms mediating diverse organ effects of EET.
Multimodal HLA-I genotype regulation by human cytomegalovirus US10 and resulting surface patterning
Authors: Gerke Carolin , Bauersfeld Liane , Oberhardt Valerie , Jürges Christopher Sebastian , Spaapen Robbert M. , Mussolino Claudio , Le-Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Trilling Mirko , Dölken Lars , Erhard Florian , Hofmann Maike , Hengel Hartmut , Momburg Frank , Halenius Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo control human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, NK cells and CD8+T-cells are crucial. HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules play a central role for both NK and T-cell responses and are targets of multifaceted HCMV-encoded immunoevasins. A so far insufficiently studied HLA-I immunoevasin is the glycoprotein US10. It was shown that US10 targets HLA-G, but it is unknown whether US10 contributes also to escape from classical HLA-I antigen presentation. Our biochemical analysis revealed that early during maturation, all investigated HLA-I (HLA-A/B/C/E/G) heavy chains are recognized and bound by US10. Remarkably, the consequences of this initial binding strongly depended on both the HLA-I geno- and allotypes: i) HLA-A molecules escaped down-regulation by US10, ii) tapasin-dependent HLA-B molecules exhibited impaired recruitment to the peptide loading complex and maturation, iii) HLA-C and HLA-G, but not HLA-A/B/E, strongly bound US10 also in their β2m-assembled form. Thus, US10 senses geno- and allotypic differences in a so far unparalleled and multimodal manner, suggestive of adaptation to HLA-I genotype differences. At a further level of complexity, in HCMV-infected fibroblasts inhibition of overlappingUS10andUS11transcription revealed an additional HLA-I specificity, suggesting targeting of HLA-I in a synergistically arranged manner. Our study unveils the exceptional HLA-I selectivity of HCMV-encoded US10 and underlines its contribution to immune escape.
Improving the predictive performance of CLUE-S by extending demand to land transitions: the trans-CLUE-S model
Authors: Kiziridis Diogenis A. , Mastrogianni Anna , Pleniou Magdalini , Tsiftsis Spyros , Xystrakis Fotios , Tsiripidis Ioannis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe CLUE-S model is a popular choice for modelling land use and land cover change from local to regional scales, but it spatially allocates the demand for only the total cover of each land class in the predicted map. In the present work, we introduce a CLUE-S variant that allocates demand at the more detailed level of land type transitions, the trans-CLUE-S model. We implemented this extension algorithmically in R, without the need of new parameters. By processing each row of the land transition matrix separately, the model allocates the demand of each land category’s transitions via the CLUE-S allocation routine for only the cells which were of that category in the map of the previous time step. We found that the trans-CLUE-S model had half the total and configuration disagreement of the CLUE-S predictions in an empirical landscape, and in simulated landscapes of different characteristics. Moreover, the trans-CLUE-S performance was less sensitive to the number of environmental predictors of land type suitability for allocating demand. Although trans-CLUE-S is computationally more demanding due to running a CLUE-S allocation for each land class, we appended the solution of a land-use assignment optimisation problem that facilitates the convergence and acceleration of allocation. We additionally provide R functions for: CLUE-S variants at other levels of demand resolution; random instead of environment-based allocation; and for simulating landscapes of desired characteristics. Our R code for the models and functions can contribute to more reproducible, transparent and accurate modelling, analysis and interpretation of land cover change.HighlightsThe trans-CLUE-S model employs demand at the finer level of land type transitionsThe trans-CLUE-S predictions were twice more accurate than the CLUE-S model’sThe trans-CLUE-S accuracy was less dependent on the amount of environmental dataAlgorithmic addition of a land assignment task enabled and sped up full convergenceR code is provided for our models and auxiliary functions