bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional follow‐up study of physical activity in adults with moderate and severe haemophilia
Authors: Kennedy Megan , Roche Sheila , McGowan Mark , Larkin Niamh , O'Connell Niamh M. , O'Mahony Brian , Lavin Michelle , O'Donnell James S. , Turecek Peter L. , Gormley John ,   the iPATH study group
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo conduct a cross‐sectional follow‐up assessment of physical activity (PA) in people with moderate and severe haemophilia (PwMSH) from the Irish Personalised Approach to the Treatment of Haemophilia (iPATH) study.MethodsBetween June–December 2021, participants’ PA was measured over one week using accelerometery, and was compared with their previously measured data from the original iPATH assessment. Self‐awareness of PA and the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on PA, pain, mobility and function were retrospectively examined using a survey.ResultsOf 30 participants who returned surveys [n = 19, severe (FVIII, <.01 IU/mL); n = 4, moderate (FVIII, .01–.05 IU/mL); n = 7, severe (FIX, <.01 IU/mL); age: 47 (36, 55) years], 28 completed accelerometery (follow‐up time: 3 years). There were no significant differences in accelerometer PA (all p > .05), but achievement of World Health Organisation guidelines increased (67.9%–75.0%; p = .646). Increased self‐awareness of PA was reported by 76.7%, and 66.7% reported desires to become more physically active. Compared to normal, most reported either no differences or lower levels of PA during lockdown restrictions. Self‐reported PA increased for most when restrictions eased from April 2021 onwards. Beyond the pandemic, concerns included pain and access to exercise resources.ConclusionSelf‐reported PA throughout the pandemic was variable, whilst there were no significant differences in objectively measured PA between assessment periods, despite reports of increased self‐awareness and desires to be physically active at follow‐up. Further qualitative research is needed to design personalised PA and health interventions, capturing perspectives of patients, their families, and multi‐disciplinary haemophilia healthcare providers.
Design and implementation of the participatory German network for translational dementia care research (TaNDem): A mixed‐method study on the perspectives of healthcare providers and dementia researchers in dementia care research
Authors: Scharf Annelie , Rädke Anika , Purwins Daniel , Heppner Marie Marleen , Köhler Stefanie , Roes Martina , Teipel Stefan , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Michalowsky Bernhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is a lack of interaction between research and healthcare practice. As a result, research findings reach healthcare practice only late, and topics relevant to practice are often not known in research. Involving people living with dementia (PlwD), their relatives and healthcare providers in dementia care research can accelerate this process. For inclusion, firm and reliable structures are needed, which are to be established with the help of the Translational Network for Dementia Care Research in Germany. However, there is only limited knowledge about the priorities, expectations and conditions of stakeholders (healthcare providers and dementia researchers) for such cooperation within a network.ObjectivesThe aim is to gather stakeholders' views on (i) future research topics to be addressed within the dementia care research network, (ii) the nature of collaboration within the network and (iii) the facilitating and hindering factors for establishing such a network.MethodsWithin an exploratory sequential mixed‐method study, we interviewed 87 stakeholders within eleven semistructured focus group interviews. The interviews were transcribed, pseudonymized and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The qualitative data were analyzed with MAXQDA. Based on the qualitative results found in the focus group interviews, a supplementary online questionnaire was developed to prioritise and rank these findings afterwards.ResultsStakeholders prioritized a comprehensible transfer of research results into practice, increased involvement of PlwD and their relatives (additionally marginalized groups such as people with a migrant background) in research and exchange between researchers. Cooperation should preferably occur in a regional context with local contacts, and the latest research results should be made available via an online database. The stakeholders' time, finances and human resources should be considered.ConclusionStakeholders have partly similar preferences and goals for cooperation and involvement, emphasizing that such interaction in a network offers the possibility of long‐term, effective collaboration and added value for practice and research.Patient or Public ContributionFor this study, dementia healthcare providers and dementia care researchers were asked about their perspectives. Their involvement is further elucidated in the manuscript text.
The joint associations of high birth weight and not having siblings with metabolic obesity phenotype among school‐aged children and adolescents: A National Survey in China
Authors: Liu Jieyu , Wu Yu , Ma Qi , Wang Xinxin , Chen Manman , Ma Tao , Cui Mengjie , Li Yanhui , Gao Di , Ma Ying , Chen Li , Zhang Yi , Yuan Wen , Guo Tongjun , Ma Jun , Dong Yanhui 
Published: March 2023

SummaryObjectiveBirth weight (BW) and sibling's status are two important indicators of early intrauterine environment and subsequent living environment, but no evidence has emerged on their joint associations on metabolic obesity phenotype. To determine the joint associations between BW and single‐child status with childhood metabolic obesity phenotype was our purpose.MethodsA cross‐sectional assessment of children and adolescents aged 7–18 years was performed in Chinese seven provinces in 2013. We obtained anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical measurements, and distributed questionnaires covering demographic, neonatal and lifestyle characteristics. The metabolic obesity phenotype was defined by 2018 consensus‐based criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to evaluate the associations of BW and metabolic obesity phenotype, and estimate the multiplicative interactions and the combined associations of BW and single‐child status with metabolic obesity phenotype.ResultsOf enrolled 12 346 children and adolescents, the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) was 1.96% and 3.03%. There were 8.95% and 4.03% children with high BW or low BW, and 67.55% did not have siblings. High BW was positively associated with MHO (OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.28–2.94). Single‐child also had increased odds of MHO and MUO (p < 0.05), and it had joint associations with high BW showing 0.85‐ to 2.58‐fold higher odds of MUO and MHO.ConclusionsHigh BW and single‐child status have joint positive associations with the subsequent odds of MHO and MUO, which should be jointly prevented through earlier screening and subsequent preventive strategies.
Curbing the demographic “drifting dune” in long‐term care insurance financing: The case of Germany
Authors: Bahnsen Lewe , Wimmesberger Florian Maximilian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLong‐term care provision and financing are becoming increasingly important matters in all ageing economies. Therefore, a major challenge for policy makers is to strike a balance between adequate care and sustainable financing. In this study, we evaluate the proposal of a so‐called sustainability factor in German long‐term care insurance. Considering changes in the beneficiary‐contributor ratio, it aims for a rule‐based consideration of demographic dynamics to alleviate pressure on long‐term care financing. Using the framework of generational accounting, we demonstrate that this proposal could have a relieving effect on finances, depending on the share of involvement of current and future generations. It may offer an option for pay‐as‐you‐go long‐term care insurance systems worldwide that need to curb the impact of ageing societies. Therefore, this article addresses policy makers tasked with designing a sustainable financing model for long‐term care insurance. It demonstrates that the sustainability factor represents a step towards sustainable finances and, thus, it might be one component of a more comprehensive reform package.
The 2022 Greek pension reform: The rebirth of carve‐out privatization in Eastern Europe
Authors: Altiparmakov Nikola 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfter a decade of unprecedented austerity, Greece abruptly changed the course of pension consolidation in 2022 and implemented the controversial carve‐out pension funding approach, whereby a portion of existing pay‐as‐you‐go (PAYG) contributions are diverted to fund individual pension savings, thus undermining the financing of existing PAYG pensions. Although inspired by the World Bank’s 1994 pension privatization blueprint, the Greek 2022 reform features a major policy shift by entrusting the management of individual pension savings to a dedicated government body, ostensibly to try to remedy inherent market failures in private pension provision. Like earlier reforms in Eastern Europe, the multi‐decade transition costs of carve‐out funding have been vastly underestimated in Greece, which will give rise to fiscal distress in the coming years when annual transition costs become sizeable and favourable international financing terms start to change. Unless firm political commitment is established to implement the measures necessary to finance the transition costs, Greece may have to resort to reform reversals similar to those already implemented across Eastern Europe.
Special pension schemes for workers in arduous and hazardous jobs: Functions and conditions to ensure equal treatment
Authors: Mittlaender Sergio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost jurisdictions grant differentiated and more beneficial treatment – usually in the form of early retirement, and commonly under special pension schemes – to workers in arduous or hazardous jobs. Several justifications for such treatment have been advanced, including i) compensating the worker for the hardship, ii) protecting the worker from the hazard, and iii) realizing the principle of equality in the distribution of costs and benefits in the social security system. This article analyses these functions from a socioeconomic perspective and explains how early retirement for workers in arduous and hazardous jobs is necessary to ensure equality by treating “unequals unequally”, and in proportion to their inequality. Moreover, this article presents a precise formula to calculate when a worker should be allowed to retire, so that workers in occupational domains with a shorter life expectancy do not systematically enjoy lower expected benefits from the pension system while having contributed the same amount. Implications for the design and desirability of special pension benefits are discussed.
Neogene–Quaternary tectonic, eustatic and climatic events shaped the evolution of a South American treefrog
Authors: Abreu‐Jardim Tatianne Piza Ferrari , de Lima Natácia Evangelista , Jardim Lucas , Maciel Natan Medeiros , de Magalhães Rafael Félix , Colli Guarino Rinaldi , Haddad Célio Fernando Baptista , Collevatti Rosane Garcia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding how past geological and climatic events could have generated intraspecific genetic variation at different temporal and spatial scales in the Neotropics requires a model encompassing distinct ecoregions. Because Anura species have their evolutionary history affected by climate and environmental changing, it is a suitable model to investigate the signatures of Neotropical historical events in species populations. Here we used a treefrog species to test hypotheses associated with tectonic, eustatic and climatic events along with isolation‐by‐environment and isolation‐by‐distance spatial patterns in genetic diversity.TaxonScinax squalirostris (Lutz, 1925), Anura: Hylidae.LocationAtlantic Forest, Cerrado, Chaco, Uruguayan Savanna and Pampas ecoregions in South America.MethodsWe sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial data from 219 individuals of S. squalirostris sampled at 26 locations in South America. We performed statistical phylogeographic analyses and reconstruction of spatiotemporal dispersal dynamics. Ecological niche modelling was conducted to predict spatial changes in environmental suitability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene and present day.ResultsWe recovered a significant phylogeographic break roughly dated back to the Miocene (~7.6 Ma), coinciding with the retraction of marine incursions in the Paraná basin. Most dispersal events occurred in cooler periods of the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition. The spatial pattern in genetic diversity was not correlated with geographical distance or environmental variables.Main ConclusionsScinax squalirostris had a quasi‐stable distribution through time. Neogene–Quaternary tectonic, eustatic and climatic events drove the demographic history and dispersal dynamics of species, with a phylogeographical break dated to the Miocene coinciding with retractions of marine incursions in the Paraná basin. Lineage dispersal spread from the southern Atlantic Forest and retrieved gene flow signals congruent with the cold periods of the Pliocene and Pleistocene.
Position statement: Recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of Malassezia folliculitis
Authors: Henning M. A. S. , Hay R. , Rodriguez‐Cerdeira C. , Szepietowski J. C. , Piraccini B. M. , Ferreirós M. P. , Arabatzis M. , Sergeev A. , Nenoff P. , Kotrekhova L. , Nowicki R. J. , Faergemann J. , Padovese V. , Prohic A. , Skerlev M. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Sigurgeirsson B. , Gaitanis G. , Lecerf P. , Saunte D. M. L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMalassezia is a lipophilic yeast that is a part of the human mycobiome. Malassezia folliculitis appears when the benign colonization of the hair follicles, by the Malassezia yeasts, becomes symptomatic with pruritic papules and pustules. Although Malassezia folliculitis is common in hospital departments, diagnosing and treating it varies among dermatologists and countries. The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Mycology Task Force Malassezia folliculitis working group has, therefore, sought to develop these recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Malassezia folliculitis. Recommendations comprise methods for diagnosing Malassezia folliculitis, required positive findings before starting therapies and specific treatment algorithms for individuals who are immunocompetent, immunocompromised or who have compromised liver function. In conclusion, this study provides a clinical strategy for diagnosing and managing Malassezia folliculitis.
Anomie, gender, and inequality: Developing sociological theory of singlehood from Japanese experiences
Authors: Yoshida Akiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe increase in the number of never‐married and not‐cohabiting singles, or “effective singles,” was first observed in Japan and Southern Europe. In Northern and Western Europe and North America, increased singlehood was due largely to increased cohabitation. Existing sociological theories of singlehood, however, are formulated based on the observations of the latter, and fall short in explaining why more individuals remain unpartnered. The wealth of data from singlehood research in Japan suggest that many singles desire marriage yet drift into singlehood, facing structural, cultural barriers in a rapidly changing social context. The impact of gender inequality is salient, but existing theories focus on women's advancement and egalitarianism. This paper proposes an alternative theoretical framework for explaining causes of singlehood, incorporating sociological and feminist perspectives and Emile Durkheim's theory of anomie, and calls for shifting the center to observations from non‐Western societies for better theorization.
Angiotensin‐converting enzymes as druggable features of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Santiago Thays Calista , Parra Larissa , Nani João V. , Fidalgo Thiago M. , Bradshaw Nicholas J. , Hayashi Mirian A. F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) plays essential roles in maintaining peripheral cardiovascular homeostasis, with its potential roles in the brain only being recognized more recently. Angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) is the main component of the RAS, and it has been implicated in various disorders of the brain. ACE and other RAS components, including the related enzyme ACE2, angiotensin peptides and their respective receptors, can participate in the pathological state, as well as with potential to contribute to neuroprotection and/or to complement existing treatments for psychiatric illness. In this narrative review, we aimed to identify the main studies describing the functions of the RAS and ACEs in the brain and their association with brain disorders. These include neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. We also discuss the possible association of a functional polymorphism of theACEgene with these brain diseases and the relevance of the neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory properties of ACE inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Based on this, we conclude that there is significant potential value to the inclusion of ACEis and/or ARBs as a novel integrated approach for the treatment of various disorders of the brain, and particularly for psychiatric illness.image
Effect of high fat diet on maternal behavior, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neural stem cell proliferation in mice expressing human placental lactogen during pregnancy
Authors: Moazzam Showall , Noorjahan Noshin , Jin Yan , Nagy James I. , Kardami Elissavet , Cattini Peter A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaternal obesity is a serious health concern because it increases risks of neurological disorders, including anxiety and peripartum depression. In mice, a high fat diet (HFD) in pregnancy can negatively affect placental structure and function as well as maternal behavior reflected by impaired nest building and pup‐retrieval. In humans, maternal obesity in pregnancy is associated with reduced placental lactogen (PL) gene expression, which has been linked to a higher risk of depression. PL acting predominantly through the prolactin receptor maintains energy homeostasis and is a marker of placenta villous trophoblast differentiation during pregnancy. Impaired neurogenesis and low serum levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have also been implicated in depression. Augmented neurogenesis in brain during pregnancy was reported in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mice at gestation day 7 and linked to increased prolactin receptor signaling. Here, we used transgenic CD‐1 mice that express human (h) PL during pregnancy to investigate whether the negative effects of diet on maternal behavior are mitigated in these (CD‐1[hGH/PL]) mice. Specifically, we examined the effect of a HFD on nest building prepartum and pup retrieval postpartum, as well as on brain BDNF levels and neurogenesis. In contrast to wild‐type CD‐1[WT]mice, CD‐1[hGH/PL] mice displayed significantly less anxiety‐like behavior, and showed no impairment in prepartum nest building or postpartum pup‐retrieval when fed a HFD. Furthermore, the HFD decreased prepartum and increased postpartum BDNF levels in CD‐1[WT] but not CD‐1[hGH/PL] mice. Finally, neurogenesis in the SVZ as well as phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinase, indicative of lactogenic signaling, appeared unaffected by pregnancy and diet at gestation day 7 in CD‐1[hGH/PL] mice. These observations indicate that CD‐1[hGH/PL] mice are resistant to the negative effects of HFD reported for CD‐1[WT] mice, including effects on maternal behaviors and BDNF levels, and potentially, neurogenesis. This difference probably reflects a direct or indirect effect of the products of the hGH/PL transgene.
A materialist take on minoritization, emancipation, and language revitalization: Occitan sociolinguistics since the 1970s
Authors: Costa James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces and discusses Occitan sociolinguistics as it evolved from the 1970s onward as a theory of language contact as conflict. It was developed in conjunction with its Catalan counterpart and as a reaction to Joshua Fishman's allocational model of diglossia, and came as a response to conditions of swift social and linguistic change in Southern France after the Second World War. This model, proposed mainly at first by Robèrt Lafont in Montpelhièr, is strongly materialist in that it focuses on the material conditions of language production and replaces the language movement among other social struggles. This paper first explores the roots of the contemporary Occitan movement and its links with the birth of Occitan sociolinguistics. It then analyzes key concepts in Occitan sociolinguistics such as diglossic ideology as essential to understand processes of minoritization, linguistic alienation, and social domination. Finally, it looks at how this approach conceptualizes language revitalization not as a linguistic issue but as a social one and suggests that Occitan sociolinguistics provides an alternative to models of language loss and revival rooted in cultural and identity politics.
Exceptional features of the embryonic ontogeny of a direct‐developing Robber frog
Authors: Salica M. J. , Goldberg J. , Akmentins M. S. , Candioti F. Vera 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn frogs, the loss of the free‐living tadpole stage implies deep transformations in morphology and development, and the result is a combination of traits exclusive to direct development with the reduction or absence of typically larval features. Two traits stand out in terraranans, a mostly Neotropical clade with ca. 1200 species known or suspected to have direct development: (1) the development of forelimbs, which unlike in tadpoles and in several unrelated direct‐developing lineages, in this clade is described to occur completely exposed during ontogeny, and (2) the reduction of gills and their physiological replacement by highly vascularized tails for gas exchange. In this contribution, we report unusual aspects of the embryonic ontogeny in the Confused Robber frog Oreobates berdemenos, which complicate the interpretation of morphological diversity in Terrarana and in direct‐developing frogs in general. First, forelimbs develop initially entirely concealed by a larval operculum. Second, tail fins develop dorsal and ventral to the tail muscular core but their arrangement changes to lateral during ontogeny. Third, the expansion of the tail fins appears to be a plastic character whose variation likely responds to individual conditions of humidity and/or oxygenation of each egg within the clutch. Finally, we report cells with the morphology of hatching gland cells in the rostral region of embryos at stages about to hatch. If not vestigial, these cells could assist the egg tooth, which is characteristic of terraranans, with chemical softening of the egg capsules during hatching.