bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COHORT EFFECTS IN MULTIMORBIDITY AMONG OLDER US ADULTS: DIFFERENCES BY RACE/ETHNICITY AND NATIVITY
Authors: Bishop Nicholas , Haas Steven , Quiñones Ana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multimorbidity (≥ 2 co-occurring chronic health conditions) affects &gt; 50% of US adults aged 65 and older. Building on emerging work suggesting greater risk of multimorbidity in more recent cohorts of aging Americans, we examine heterogeneity in cohort-patterns of multimorbidity by race/ethnicity and nativity. Observations were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2018) including adults aged 51 and older across 7 birth cohorts (born &lt; 1924, 1924–1930, 1931–1941, 1942–1947, 1948–1953, 1954–1959, and 1960–1965). Multimorbidity was measured using a sum of 9 possible chronic conditions (heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, lung disease, cancer, high depressive symptomatology, and cognitive impairment). Linear mixed models adjusting for age, period, and cohort effects tested whether cohort-specific multimorbidity risk varied for US-born White, US-born Black/African American, US-born Hispanic/Latino, and foreign-born Hispanic/Latino older adults. 30,607 adults contributed 158,727 total observations, grand mean age was 65.40 (SD=10.07), and mean multimorbidity was 2.18 (SD=1.60). US-born Black/African Americans had the greatest multimorbidity burden regardless of cohort. US-born Hispanic/Latinos experienced the highest cohort-related increases in multimorbidity, followed by US-born Black/African Americans. For example, compared to US-born Hispanic/Latinos born 1931–1941, US-born Hispanic/Latinos born 1954–1959 had 1.03 (CI: 0.78;1.28) more expected chronic conditions. Foreign-born Hispanic/Latinos had the smallest cohort-related increases in multimorbidity. Our results document heterogeneity in rising rates of multimorbidity across cohorts, suggest that US-born minority adults in Baby Boom cohorts may be at especially high risk of multimorbidity, and confirm protective effects of immigrant status among Hispanic/Latino older adults.
PROMOTING RESIDENT SAFETY THROUGH TRAINING FOR CERTIFIED NURSE AIDES, RESIDENTS, FAMILIES, AND OMBUDSMEN
Authors: Ross Sarah , Cervantes Diana , Severance Jennifer , Knebl Janice 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preventing COVID-19 infections and ensuring resident safety in the nursing home (NH) setting requires collaboration among NH leadership, staff, residents, and their advocates including families, caregivers, and nursing home ombudsmen. To address this multi-collaborative need, the University of North Texas Health Science Center Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program developed training in two focus areas. The first focused on resilience training for Certified Nurse Aides (CNAs) with the United Way that addresses factors influencing well-being, economic stability, mental health, and other social determinants. The second focused on training residents, families, ombudsmen, and other resident advocates to become active partners with NH leadership and staff in the prevention and control of healthcare acquired infections. To ensure training reflects the needs and preferences of key NH stakeholders, we developed a Nursing Home Advisory Council in partnership with state Ombudsman Programs in Texas, Louisiana, and New Mexico.
COACH2MOVE: THE STORY OF IMPLEMENTING A PERSON-CENTERED PHYSICAL THERAPY APPROACH IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Heij Ward , Sweerts Lieke , Staal Bart , van der Wees Philip , van der Sanden Ria Nijhuis- , Hoogeboom Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Coach2Move is a person-centered physical therapy approach to promote physical activity among community-dwelling older adults, which consists of motivational interviewing and other motivational strategies. Coach2Move has been implemented in the Netherlands with 52 physical therapists and 294 patients in 16 practices. Implementation has led to better outcomes (increased physical activity, improved functional mobility, and lower levels of frailty) in fewer treatment sessions compared with usual care physical therapy treatment. Implementing was carried out using the following steps: 1) an e-assessment to determine the baseline level of knowledge regarding Coach2Move of the participating therapists; 2) two education days in Motivational Interviewing and Coach2Move specific motivational strategies; 3) three unique peer-assessment meetings and 4) a retest of the e-assessment one year later. We will discuss our rationale for selecting implementation strategies and which barriers and facilitators we have experienced in implementing successful scientific research in daily clinical practice.
COGNITIVE TRAINING FOR OLDER CHINESE IMMIGRANTS IN THE US: AN EXPERIENCE-BASED CO-DESIGN APPROACH
Authors: Xu Hanzhang , McConnell Eleanor , Myers John , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older Chinese Americans face many socioeconomic barriers including limited English proficiency, low educational levels, and limited access to care. These socioeconomic disadvantages not only contribute to an increased risk of developing dementia but also worsen inequitable access to effective strategies to promote cognitive health. Cognitive training is shown to be beneficial to maintain or enhance cognitive function. However, most prior interventions were tested exclusively in non-Hispanic Whites. To address this gap, we aim to adapt empirically supported cognitive training activities into a culturally and linguistically relevant mHealth cognitive training intervention. The adaptation process of the cognitive training includes focus groups (n=6/group) with older Chinese Americans (3 groups) and adult children (2 groups) to adapt cognitive training components to our target population. We will then organize an experience-based co-design workshop to further refine the intervention. Engaging end-users early will optimize the development of a culturally and linguistically relevant cognitive training intervention.
THE ART OF BALANCE: EMPOWERING DEMENTIA CARE PARTNERS TO OPTIMIZE THEIR WELLNESS, RESILIENCE, AND HEALTH
Authors: Sadak Tatiana , Borson Soo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By 2050, 140 million people will be living with dementia (WHO, 2021), most of whom will be cared for at home by family members, relatives, partners, friends, and neighbors, supplemented by help from paid caregivers. Because of their critical role in managing health and wellness for people living with dementia (PLWD), caregivers face unique stressors and challenges that can give rise to negative physical and mental health consequences. This symposium aims to strengthen our understanding about how to empower care partners to optimize health and wellness for themselves and PLWD in everyday living and during periods of health crisis. The first presentation characterizes behaviors care partners adopt that promote resilience in the face of dementia-related health crises (Zhou et al); the second describes facilitators and barriers to adoption of self-care behaviors that can promote resilience (Sadak et al). We then introduce a technology-enabled pilot intervention to strengthen care partners’ self-care behaviors (Ishado et al.) and a physical activity intervention to promote maintenance of function (Li et al.). We conclude with a panel discussion of cross-cutting implications of these approaches for future research, clinical care, and policy.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY EXPLORING OLDER ADULTS’ PERCEPTIONS, FACILITATORS, AND BARRIERS IN PLANNING FOR AGING AND FRAILTY
Authors: Frechman Erica , Maxwell Cathy , Dietrich Mary , Buck Harleah , Rhoten Bethany , Davis Amanda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aging in place is often a desired aspect of the aging trajectory but too often older adults and society in general, do not consider the factors involved in planning to make this a reality. Planning for aging and frailty entails a comprehensive life course approach to planning for one’s aging process in five unique domains: communication/socialization, environmental, financial, physical care, and cognitive status. In order to promote upstream planning, there is a need to explore the lived experiences of older adults through understanding their viewpoints on planning, and what may promote or hinder this process. The purpose of this study was to explore how people perceive the concept of planning for aging and frailty and to identify facilitators and barriers involved in planning efforts. Using semi-structured questions, 20 community-dwelling older adults (aged 50-80) were interviewed. In-vivo coding and descriptive content analysis was utilized and revealed 17 codes within categories, including six codes and three categories in the perception domain (internal, external, future-oriented), seven codes and three categories in the facilitators domain (internal, external, systems), and four codes and two categories in the barriers domain (internal, systems). The depth of older adults’ personal identities, life experiences, and the impact of societal influences emerged within the categories. Planning for aging and frailty is an unique concept that promotes planning through awareness and acceptance of the normal aging process. Future research through intervention development is needed to educate and empower older adults, optimize planning, and navigate barriers to planning.
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF WEARABLE DEVICES FOR HEALTH MONITORING: A FOCUS ON BLACK OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Harris Maurita , Kapoor Shaunik , Rogers Wendy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chronic diseases are some of the top conditions leading to death in the United States. Management of these chronic diseases could benefit from monitoring risk factors, such as physical activity. Wearable devices (e.g., Fitbit) have the capability to track and give information to allow the individual to take control of their health. However, wearables are typically advertised to young, physically active, and individuals who belong to racial groups with the highest population. As such, the purpose of this study was to understand Black adults’ opinions and attitudes towards wearable design to support usage, focusing on both users and non-users. Participants were interviewed to explore their wants and needs towards wearables to support usage (e.g., aesthetics) and to overcome barriers (e.g., usability concerns). The findings from the thematic analysis will be presented to illustrate these facilitators and barriers identified by Black adults. These insights can guide future inclusive design.
ENGAGING LOW-INCOME SENIORS IN PARTICIPATORY DESIGN OF SMART SPEAKER APPLICATIONS FOR WELLNESS
Authors: Chung Jane , Winship Jodi , Gendron Tracey , Wood Rachel , Mansion Natalie , Demiris George 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Low-income senior housing (LISH) residents are at a high risk of unmanaged health conditions, loneliness, and limited healthcare access. Smart speakers have the potential to improve wellness in LISH settings. We conducted a user-centered process with primarily African American, LISH residents (N=25) to develop prototypes of smart speaker applications for wellness and social connections. Five focus groups were conducted to elicit feedback about challenges with maintaining wellness and attitudes towards smart speakers. Participants expressed their desires for using the technology for safety and health. Through design workshops, they identified several smart speaker functionalities perceived as necessary for improving wellness and social connectedness. Then, seven low-fidelity prototypes and scenarios were developed in the following categories: wellness check-ins, befriending the virtual agent, community involvement, and mood detection. We demonstrate how smart speakers can provide a tool for their wellness and increase access to applications that provide a virtual space for social engagement.
WHAT MAKES A BEAUTIFUL DAY IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD? PLACE AS A CONTRIBUTOR TO FUNCTION IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Rosso Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neighborhood environments are increasingly recognized as an important determinant of health and function in older adults. Environmental supports such as density of intersections and available community resources can promote activity and participation which in turn promotes physiological health. In contrast, barriers such as disorder and high traffic can limit activity and participation, particularly for those at high risk for mobility limitations and falls. Here, we present five papers exploring these relations. First, Kate Duchowny presents work assessing relations of the built and social environment with muscle strength in the Health and Retirement Study. Two papers utilizing walkability assessments using Google Street View in a physical activity intervention trial are presented; Kyle Moored demonstrates relations of neighborhood walkability with Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived time out of home and Anisha Suri assesses how the relation between actigraphy-derived gait quality and daily step counts differs by walkability. Next, Philippa Clarke presents data on the association of neighborhood environment with diabetes risk in those with low visual function in an administrative claims database. Finally, Pam Dunlap describes results of a systematic review of outdoor environmental risk factors for falls and fear of falling. Together, these papers will demonstrate the breadth of ways in which neighborhood environments and function relate to determine health outcomes for older adults.
NEIGHBORHOOD WALKABILITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH GPS-DERIVED LIFE-SPACE MOBILITY OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Moored Kyle , Crane Breanna , Dunlap Pamela , Carlson Michelle , Rosso Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For community-dwelling older adults, living in a more walkable neighborhood may encourage greater travel outdoors (i.e., life-space mobility). We assessed associations between neighborhood walkability and objective, GPS-derived life-space mobility. Participants were 149 adults (Age: M=77.1±6.5, 67% women) from a randomized trial to improve walking in older individuals. Participants carried a GPS at baseline that passively collected real-time location data for 5-7 days. Life-space mobility was quantified using median percentage time spent outside of home (pTOH). Neighborhood walkability was assessed using a modified Active Neighborhood Checklist and Google Street View, and a composite factor score was derived (M=-0.13±0.90, greater score=less slopes, more mixed residential/commercial land use). Each 1-point higher walkability score was associated with 2.5% greater pTOH (95%CI: 0.21-4.69, β=.23, p=.032), after adjusting for age, sex, race, device, season, and clustering on Census tract. Future work will examine how neighborhood walkability and functional status may interact to influence life-space mobility.
NEIGHBORHOOD WALKABILITY INFLUENCES ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND GAIT MEASURES IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Suri Anisha , Zhu Xiaonan , Acharya Geeta , Harding Alyson , VanSwearingen Jessie , Redfern Mark , Sejdic Ervin , Rosso Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neighborhood walkability can influence physical activity and of older adults. Residential neighborhoods of participants (N=186, 77±6 years, 70% females) were audited for walkability using Google Street View. Factor analysis categorized neighborhood walkability as high, medium, and low. Gait quality was derived from a 4-m instrumented walkway (pace, variability, walk-ratio) and accelerometry signals at the lower back during a 6-minute walk test (adaptability, similarity, and smoothness). Activity was step-count from seven-day actigraphy. We studied associations between gait variables and step-count across high, medium, and low walkability neighborhoods using linear regression (age and sex as covariates). Pace(m/s) [High(β=0.46, p&lt;.05), Medium(β=0.43, p&lt;.05), Low(β=0.25, p&gt;.05)], adaptability(m/s2) [High(β=0.47, p&lt;.05), Medium(β=0.24, p&lt;.05), Low(β=0.37, p&lt;.05)], and similarity [High(β=0.39, p&lt;.05), Medium(β=0.28, p&lt;.05), and Low(β=0.18, p&gt;.05)] were associated with step-count, stronger associations for high walkability neighborhoods (p for interactions &lt;0.01). No associations with variability, walk-ratio, and smoothness were found. Associations between gait and activity differed by neighborhood walkability.
DO MORE EMPATHIC OLDER ADULTS RUMINATE MORE? EMOTION REGULATION MATTERS
Authors: Huo Meng , Leger Kate , Birditt Kira , Fingerman Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults differ in their responses to distress, and those who tend to ruminate report poor health. We sought to examine whether trait empathy, the tendency to share and understand others’ distress, underlies rumination, and whether this association varies by emotion regulation. Participants included 289 adults aged 65+ in the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study. They reported demographics, empathy, general preferences for emotion regulation strategies, and affect throughout the day as well as daily rumination. Empathy was associated with greater rumination, which was particularly evident in older adults who preferred avoidant strategies. We also found that the link between empathy and rumination was attenuated on days when older adults had lower negative affect variability. This study identifies empathy as a key factor that underlies individual differences in rumination, a key precursor of psychopathologies, and also suggests emotion regulation as a promising target of interventions that can promote older adults’ health.
DO FRIENDS GET UNDER THE SKIN? DAILY INTERACTIONS AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONING AMONG BLACK AND WHITE AMERICANS
Authors: Ng Yee To , Han Sae Hwang , Fingerman Karen , Birditt Kira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Scarce research has examined racial differences in cardiovascular health in the context of social interactions. This study investigated whether (a) friend interactions were associated with better cardiovascular functioning, and (b) such associations vary among Black and White adults. This study employed dual assessment techniques—ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and ambulatory physiological assessments—to examine the co-occurrence of social interactions and cardiovascular functioning. Multilevel models revealed no racial differences in ambulatory HRV and frequency of friend interactions throughout the day. Findings revealed a between-person link of friend interactions and better HRV in the overall sample. Race-stratified models found a within-person link between friendship interaction and worse HRV and a between-person link between friendship interaction and better HRV for Blacks but not for Whites. Findings suggest friend interactions are more salient for Blacks’ cardiovascular health and may serve as a modifiable factor for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
LATINX GRANDPARENTS RAISING GRANDCHILDREN: THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL NORMS
Authors: Mendoza Nancy , Park Cherrie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Few studies have focused on the experiences of Latinx grandparents. Using a grounded theory approach, nine Latinx grandparent caregivers were interviewed in an effort to understand how the Latinx culture influences their experiences. Major themes that emerged during data analysis were related to reasons for caring. These included cultural norms of caring and reasons for the non-usage of services. Findings suggest Latinx grandparents tend to care for their grandchildren because they view it as part of their role as a grandparent. Thus, the biggest “barrier” to acquiring services could be that they do not view themselves as primary caregivers. These findings emphasize the need to understand the experiences of these grandparents and the importance of tailoring education and resources to this subgroup. This study provides professionals with a new way of looking at services for Latinx grandparents and opens the door to a new set of implications for practice.
EXPERIENCES OF KOREAN GRANDFAMILIES: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MATERNAL AND PATERNAL GRANDPARENTS
Authors: Lee Youjung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Grandparent-headed families in South Korea have been growing prominent in the country’s cultural landscape. Approximately 153,000 Korean grandparent-headed households existed in 2015; this number is expected to double by 2035. This qualitative study explored Korean custodial grandparents’ experiences of raising grandchildren and the cultural significance of multigenerational caregiving in Korea. Using a phenomenological approach, semistructured interviews with 22 custodial grandparents were conducted. Significant functions of patrilineality and stigma surrounding divorce for Korean grandparent-headed families were found. Considering the complicated cultural factors, social/family service programs must pay attention to the unique needs of grandparent-headed families and consider the circumstances related to grandparents’ positions in the family (i.e., paternal vs. maternal grandparent caregivers). Korean government programs and policies could better help marginalized grandparent-headed families with an empowerment approach to help marginalized grandparent-headed families gain positive attitudes toward their caregiving situation.
ENGAGING A COMMUNITY ADVISORY BOARD TO VALIDATE A CULTURALLY TAILORED INTERVENTION MODEL
Authors: Cotton Quinton , Green-Harris Gina , Chang Juliet , Block Laura , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
National dementia research priorities call for interventional studies addressing the needs of vulnerable populations experiencing disparities and for greater inclusion of dementia care recipients and their family caregivers in research. While studies document disparities, high needs and experiences of African American dementia caregivers, there is limited translation of this knowledge into the development, implementation, and dissemination of dementia-specific culturally tailored interventions. Research methods that facilitate engagement capable of strengthening data collection and culturally congruent interpretation of caregiving perspectives are needed to inform intervention development. Drawing on a qualitative study utilizing Grounded Dimensional Analysis, we employed a longitudinal engagement method with a Community Advisory Board (CAB) to validate a culturally tailored crisis intervention model for African American dementia caregivers. We identified lessons learned through a review of transcripts, memos and research team discussions. CAB members identified language, family structure, cultural history, knowledge, and respect as important features for cultural tailoring.
TALKING ABOUT AT-RISK DRINKING WITH OLDER ADULTS AGING WITH HIV
Authors: del Pino Homero 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults living with HIV (OALWH) may have health conditions that amplify the negative health effects of alcohol use. Traditional alcohol screening tools do not consider comorbidities or age. We adapted the Comorbidity Alcohol Risk Evaluation Tool screening tool for at-risk drinking to reflect HIV-related conditions and medications. We tested a brief intervention with Black OALWH and collected usability data. Participants, n=27, 53.2 average age in years, 21 average years living with HIV. Three themes: (1) Expectations of doctors (“Doctors better ask me questions about my alcohol use...”); (2) It’s how you say it (“[Doctors] talk down to me like I don’t know my freaking disease …”); and (3) Effects of surviving HIV (“I am fully aware of the effects of alcohol…. I’m probably better informed than most people…”). We identified strategies to address at-risk drinking with OALWH.