bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Sulfoxonium Ylides: Synthesis and Chemospecific Reactivity in the Catalytic Alkylation of Indoles
Authors: Caiuby Clarice A. D. , Vidal Lucas , Burtoloso Antonio C. B. , Aïssa Christophe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study of the reactivity of cyclic sulfoxonium ylides has been so far neglected, in particular for reactions that forms carbon‐carbon bond at the ylide carbon atom. Herein, we describe the synthesis of cyclic sulfoxonium ylides by palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular arylation and the reactivity of these ylides in the C3‐alkylation of indoles in the presence of either an acid catalyst or an iridium catalyst. This study revealed that acid catalysis is only efficient for cyclic sulfoxonium ylides in which the tether is a six‐membered lactone, whereas iridium catalysis was better suited to the reaction of cyclic sulfoxonium ylides in which the tether is a five‐membered ring ketone or lactone. The observed chemospecificity might be due to the relative basicity of the ylides under acid catalysis and to the steric hindrance around an iridium carbene intermediate when the reaction is conducted with the iridium catalyst.
Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with advanced thyroid cancer in the phase 2 KEYNOTE‐158 study
Authors: Oh Do‐Youn , Algazi Alain , Capdevila Jaume , Longo Federico , Miller Wilson , Chun Bing Jerry Tan , Bonilla Carlos Eduardo , Chung Hyun Cheol , Guren Tormod K. , Lin Chia‐Chi , Motola‐Kuba Daniel , Shah Manisha , Hadoux Julien , Yao Lili , Jin Fan , Norwood Kevin , Lebellec Loïc 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe authors report results from the thyroid carcinoma cohort of the multicohort phase 2 KEYNOTE‐158 study (NCT02628067), which evaluated pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated cancers.MethodsEligible patients had histologically and/or cytologically confirmed papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma, failure of or intolerance to prior therapy, and measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. Patients received pembrolizumab (200 mg) every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by independent central review.ResultsA total of 103 patients were enrolled and received pembrolizumab. Median duration from first dose to data cutoff (October 5, 2020) was 49.4 (range, 43.9–54.9) months. ORR was 6.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8%–13.5%), and median duration of response was 18.4 (range, 4.2‒47.2+) months. ORR was 8.7% (95% CI, 2.4%‒20.8%) among patients with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥1 (n = 46) and 5.7% (95% CI, 1.2%‒15.7%) among patients with PD‐L1 CPS <1 (n = 53). Median overall survival and progression‐free survival were 34.5 (95% CI, 21.2 to not reached) and 4.2 (95% CI, 3.9‒6.2) months, respectively. Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 69.9% of patients (grade 3‒5, 14.6%).ConclusionsPembrolizumab demonstrated manageable toxicity and durable antitumor activity in a small subset of patients with advanced thyroid cancer. These results provide evidence of modest antitumor activity in this setting regardless of tumor PD‐L1 expression. Future studies evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer should focus on biomarker‐driven patient selection or combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with other agents, in order to achieve higher response rates than observed in this study.
Efficacy and safety of first‐line treatments for patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutated, non–small cell cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Yang , Zhao Qiang , Liao Ziyi , Ma Yingyin , Ma Daiyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study compares the safety and efficacy of first‐line treatments for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Abstracts related to lung cancer presented at important international conferences were also reviewed. Randomized clinical trials that qualified the inclusion criteria were subjected to Bayesian network meta‐analysis and systematically reviewed.ResultsThe authors included a total of nine studies including 2441 patients and seven first‐line treatments (ensartinib, brigatinib, crizotinib, lorlatinib, alectinib, ceritinib, and pemetrexed‐based chemotherapy). Overall, lorlatinib appeared to confer the best progression‐free survival (PFS) (probability of being the best [Prbest], 90%; surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 98%), and the same conclusion was obtained on paired comparisons (lorlatinib vs. ceritinib [hazard ratio (HR), 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20–0.47); lorlatinib vs. chemotherapy [HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.12–0.23]; crizotinib vs. lorlatinib [HR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.4–5.2]; and brigatinib vs. lorlatinib [HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.8]). Alectinib conferred the best overall survival (OS) and safety profile. In the Asian population, ensartinib conferred the best PFS (Prbest 50%, SUCRA 87%), and for patients with brain metastases at baseline, lorlatinib showed the best PFS (Prbest 70%, SUCRA 93%).ConclusionsFor first‐line treatment of patients with ALK‐positive NSCLC, lorlatinib was associated with the best PFS and objective response rate, but poorer safety profile, whereas alectinib demonstrated the best OS and safety profile. In Asians, ensartinib conferred the best PFS benefit, and in the brain baseline metastasis population, lorlatinib conferred the best PFS benefit.Plain Language Summary

Among the many molecularly targeted drugs currently used to treat anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation‐positive non–small cell lung cancer, lorlatinib may be one of the most effective targeted drugs.

Lung cancer has long been at the top of cancer rankings in terms of incidence and mortality.

Today, the treatment of lung cancer has moved into the era of precision therapy.

In this article, we use a statistical approach to compare the efficacy and safety of targeted drugs that have been used in the first‐line treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutations to improve the reference for clinicians to make treatment decisions in the real world.
The association of blood ctDNA levels to mutations of marker genes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Bai Fei , Du Qian , Zou Qingliang , Xu Lin , Dong Wei , Lv Xinlin , Han Xiaorong , Zhou Huijun , Zhang Chi , Lu Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly and commonly diagnosed cancer. Cell‐free circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNA) have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, but there are open questions about the relationship between ctDNAs and CRC. Although mutations of genes detected by ctDNA in CRC have been studied, the quantitative relationship between ctDNA mutations and ctDNA concentration has not been addressed.AimsWe hypothesized that there was an association between mutations of genes identified in ctDNAs and ctDNA concentration. His study examined this association in a population of CRC patients.MethodsIn 85 CRC patients, we sampled 282 mutations in 36 genes and conducted an association study based on a Random forest model between mutations and ctDNA concentrations in all patients.ResultsThis association study showed that mutations on five genes, ALK, PMS2, KDR, MAP2K1, and MSH2, were associated with the ctDNA concentrations in CRC patients’ blood samples. Because ctDNA mutations correlate with ctDNA level, we can infer the tumor burden or tumor size from ctDNA mutations, as well as the survival time for prognosis.ConclusionOur findings shed light on the associations between mutations of genes identified in ctDNAs and ctDNA concentration in the blood of CRC patients. This discovery provides information regarding the tumor burden or tumor size based on ctDNA mutations.
Biohybrid Molecule‐Based Photocatalysts for Water Splitting Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zheng Tianfang , Li Aijun , Han Jiahong , Wang Xiao‐Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe problems of resource depletion and environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels greatly restrict the rapid development of human technology and industry, which has led to a high demand for the development of new and clean energy sources. Hydrogen, due to its high calorific value and environmentally friendly combustion products, is undoubtedly a very promising energy carrier. The current methods of industrial hydrogen production are mainly water electrocatalytic decomposition or fossil fuels conversion, which also results in the waste of other energy sources. Since only one‐step is involved during the conversion from solar to chemical energy and thus unnecessary energy waste is avoided, solar energy photocatalytic decomposition of water provides a more viable method for hydrogen production. The utilization of biohybrid molecules, which are widely available in nature and environmentally friendly, further reduce the cost of such photocatalytic systems. This Review discusses the research progress on hydrogen production using biohybrid molecules for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The basic reaction mechanism, general types and system structures about biohybrid molecule‐based photocatalysts are summarized. The current challenges and prospects in the research of water splitting hydrogen evolution by biohybrid molecules photocatalysts are presented.
Earnings management and CSR report tone: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Wanli , Yan Tiantian , Li Yue , Yan Ziqiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study explores whether and how the management manipulates the tone of CSR reports to greenwash earnings management. Using the dataset of Chinese A‐share companies that published CSR reports over period 2007–2017, we discover that corporates with higher abnormal discretionary accruals and those with zero or slightly positive earnings changes are likely to release CSR reports with a more optimistic tone. Additional analyses show that this greenwash behavior is stronger when the management manages earnings upward than downward. Furthermore, the supplementary association between CSR report tone and earnings management is reduced in firms with assured CSR reports, lower financing demands and equity issue, higher accounting conservatism, as well as a better information disclosure environment, whereas the relationship is not correlated with the manner of the reporting disclosure. This study reveals that managers strategically employ CSR report tone to hide earnings management and shape stakeholders' expectations, and provides insights into both qualitative and quantitative disclosure literature.
Preliminary findings of emotion regulation in 12‐month‐old infants of mothers enrolled in a randomized controlled trial assessing a nutrition + exercise intervention
Authors: Mortaji Neda , Krzeczkowski John , Atkinson Stephanie , Amani Bahar , Schmidt Louis A. , Van Lieshout Ryan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImproved offspring emotion regulation (ER) has been associated with maternal intake of single nutrients or exercise during pregnancy but has not been examined in randomized trials. We investigated the impact of a maternal nutrition + exercise intervention during pregnancy on offspring ER at 12 months of age. Mothers in the Be Healthy In Pregnancy randomized controlled trial were randomly assigned to an individualized nutrition + exercise intervention plus usual care (UC) or UC alone (control group). A multimethod assessment of infant ER using parasympathetic nervous system function (high frequency heart rate variability [HF‐HRV] and root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]) as well as maternal reports of infant temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire‐ Revised short form) was completed with a subsample of infants of enrolled mothers (intervention = 9, control = 8). The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01689961). We observed greater HF‐HRV (M = 4.63, SD = 0.50, p = .04, ƞ2p = .25) and RMSSD (M = 24.25, SD = 6.15, p = .04, ƞ2p = .25) in infants of mothers in the intervention versus control group. Intervention group infants also had higher maternally rated surgency/extraversion (M = 5.54, SD = 0.38, p = .00, ƞ2p = .65) and regulation/orienting (M = 5.46, SD = 0.52, p = .02, ƞ2p = .81), and lower negative affectivity (M = 2.70, SD = 0.91, p = .03, ƞ2p = .52). These preliminary results suggest that pregnancy nutrition + exercise interventions could improve infant ER but these findings require replication in larger, more diverse samples.
Interaction between diamond and alkali metals and its application to machining of diamond
Authors: Shimada Toshihiro , Takehana Hiroki , Yamane Ichiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe interaction between diamond surfaces and alkali metals was studied experimentally and computationally. Li reacted with diamond above 600°C and significant etching of (100) surface was observed. An attempt was made to apply this etching reaction for electrical discharge machining of diamond tools.
Scheduling method for aggregated photovoltaic‐battery systems considering information notified by distribution system operator
Authors: Hyodo Fumiya , Sato Yuki , Masuta Taisuke , Tayjasanant Thavatchai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the aggregation business has gained a lot of attention in Japan. Aggregators will make contracts with customers with photovoltaic (PV) power systems and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) including electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in electricity markets. Aggregators might have to pay electricity supply‐demand imbalance charges when generated and consumed energies contracted at the day‐ahead supply‐demand market are different from those at the current day operation due to distribution network constraints such as voltage and power flow limitations. Therefore, the information on network constraints is very important for aggregators to determine their day‐ahead schedules. In this paper, we evaluated the relationship between aggregator supply‐demand schedules and the distribution system operation. It was assumed that the reverse power flow limitations due to network constraints are notified to the aggregators by distribution system operator (DSO). Two cases of the aggregators’ schedules of PV systems and stationary BESSs were compared in the simulations. In addition, aggregator strategies for making adequate schedules were evaluated.
Migrating bars influence the formation and dynamics of their peers in large sandy‐gravel bed rivers
Authors: Le Guern Jules , Rodrigues Stéphane , Tassi Pablo , Cordier Florian , Wintenberger Coraline L. , Jugé Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates the morphodynamic interactions between migrating bars in a sandy gravel and nearly straight channel of the Loire River (France). From a large dataset collected from field campaigns performed between 2016 and 2020, we analysed the deflection power exerted by bars on flow and sediment transport that influences the dynamics of other bars present in the channel. We also investigated the role of low flows in bar formation. To this aim, the riverbed evolution has been documented using four years of bathymetrical and aDcp surveys. Flow deflection induced by the presence of bars in the channel differs for pre‐existing (first‐order) bars and bedload sediment accumulations identified as new developing bars (second‐order bars). The latter needs to reach an equilibrium size to influence flow direction. During low flows, first‐order bars emerge and create contraction/expansion zones in the channel, inducing a temporary local geometrical forcing that leads to sediment deposition at the outlet of these zones. Sediment deposited in these specific areas can constitute a nucleus for second‐order bar formation or contribute to first‐order bar aggradation. According to the linear free bar theory, the critical discharge that contributes to expressing an alternate bar pattern is exceeded during moderate flood, leading to the observation of a transitional bar pattern between alternate and central bar pattern.
Nigella sativa and its nano‐mediated approach toward management of neurodegenerative disorders: A review
Authors: Gawas Chaitali G. , Mathur Sakshi , Wani Minal , Tabassum Heena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNigella sativa L., also known as black seed or black cumin, is a plant that has been used for centuries. In the past, this flowering plant was used as a food preservative and medicinal herb. A vital component of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone (TQ), plays a significant therapeutic role in the management of most diseases, including cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders are primarily caused by neurotransmitter hypoactivity, particularly insufficient serotonin activity. It has been discovered that many medicinal herbs and their active compounds have therapeutic value. Black cumin seeds have been used to heal ailments and its history traces back to ancient times such as ancient Babylonia. They can be used applied to alleviate edema, hair loss, and bruising, and consumd to treat stomach issues. It is one of the most feasible and effective medicinal plants. The use of nanoformulations based on Nigella sativa and TQ to treat neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) has yielded promising outcomes. Customized administration of nanoparticle (NP) systems and nanomedicine are two of the many options for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) that are attracting increasing interest. Delivering a therapeutic and diagnostic substance to a particular location is the core target of NPs. Because of their distinct cell uptake and trafficking mechanisms, NPs can reduce the amount that accumulates in undesirable organs. The focus of the current review is on recent studies on the various neuroprotective properties of Nigella sativa as well as nanoformulations for NDs and the brain's uptake of NPs. The review summarizes the In vivo, In vitro, and In silico studies on the protective effects of black cumin against neurodegenerative disorders.
Resveratrol‐Induced Suppression of C‐type Natriuretic Peptide Associates With Increased Vertebral Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Prickett Timothy CR , Howe Peter RC , Espiner Eric A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTC‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a paracrine growth factor essential in driving endochondral bone growth in mammals including humans. Despite evidence from animal experiments and tissues that CNP signaling stimulates osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast activity, whether CNP participates in bone remodeling in the mature skeleton is unknown. Using stored plasma samples from a previous randomized controlled clinical trial (RESHAW) of resveratrol supplementation in postmenopausal women exhibiting mild osteopenia, we have studied changes in plasma aminoterminal proCNP (NTproCNP) and concurrent change in bone turnover markers of formation (osteocalcin [OC] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) and resorption (C‐terminal telopeptide type 1 collagen [CTX]) with bone mineral density (BMD) over a 2‐year period of study in 125 subjects. In year one, subjects received placebo or resveratrol, switching to resveratrol or placebo, respectively, in year two. Across all time points, there were no significant associations of NTproCNP with CTX, ALP, or OC. During year one, plasma NTproCNP declined significantly in both groups. In the crossover comparison, analysis of change within individuals showed that, compared with placebo, NTproCNP declined after resveratrol (p = 0.011) and ALP increased (p = 0.008), whereas CTX and OC were unchanged. Inverse association of NTproCNP (r = −0.31; p = 0.025) and positive association of OC (r = 0.32, p = 0.022) with BMD at the lumbar spine were identified after resveratrol but not found after placebo. Decline in NTproCNP was independently associated with resveratrol treatment. This is the first evidence that CNP is modulated during a period of increasing BMD in postmenopausal women. Further study of NTproCNP and associations with drivers of bone formation or resorption can be expected to clarify CNP's role during other interventions directed to bone health in adults. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cell reprogramming for oligodendrocytes: A review of protocols and their applications to disease modeling and cell‐based remyelination therapies
Authors: McCaughey‐Chapman Amy , Connor Bronwen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOligodendrocytes are a type of glial cells that produce a lipid‐rich membrane called myelin. Myelin assembles into a sheath and lines neuronal axons in the brain and spinal cord to insulate them. This not only increases the speed and efficiency of nerve signal transduction but also protects the axons from damage and degradation, which could trigger neuronal cell death. Demyelination, which is caused by a loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes, is a prominent feature of many neurological conditions, including Multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injuries (SCI), and leukodystrophies. Demyelination is followed by a time of remyelination mediated by the recruitment of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells, their migration to the injury site, and differentiation into myelin‐producing oligodendrocytes. Unfortunately, endogenous remyelination is not sufficient to overcome demyelination, which explains why there are to date no regenerative‐based treatments for MS, SCI, or leukodystrophies. To better understand the role of oligodendrocytes and develop cell‐based remyelination therapies, human oligodendrocytes have been derived from somatic cells using cell reprogramming. This review will detail the different cell reprogramming methods that have been developed to generate human oligodendrocytes and their applications to disease modeling and cell‐based remyelination therapies. Recent developments in the field have seen the derivation of brain organoids from pluripotent stem cells, and protocols have been devised to incorporate oligodendrocytes within the organoids, which will also be reviewed.