bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The twisted two-dimensional ferroelectrics
Authors: Zhang Xinhao , Peng Bo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Since the beginning of research on two-dimensional (2D) materials, a few numbers of 2D ferroelectric materials have been predicted or experimentally confirmed, but 2D ferroelectrics as necessary functional materials are greatly important in developing future electronic devices. Recent breakthroughs in 2D ferroelectric materials are impressive, and the physical and structural properties of twisted 2D ferroelectrics, a new type of ferroelectric structure by rotating alternating monolayers to form an angle with each other, have attracted widespread interest and discussion. Here, we review the latest research on twisted 2D ferroelectrics, including Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene/BN, bilayer boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Finally, we prospect the development of twisted 2D ferroelectrics and discuss the challenges and future of 2D ferroelectric materials.
75 GHz germanium waveguide photodetector with 64 Gbps data rates utilizing an inductive-gain-peaking technique
Authors: Li Xiuli , Zhu Yupeng , Liu Zhi , Peng Linzhi , Liu Xiangquan , Niu Chaoqun , Zheng Jun , Zuo Yuhua , Cheng Buwen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-performance germanium (Ge) waveguide photodetectors are designed and fabricated utilizing the inductive-gain-peaking technique. With the appropriate integrated inductors, the 3-dB bandwidth of photodetectors is significantly improved owing to the inductive-gain-peaking effect without any compromises to the dark current and optical responsivity. Measured 3-dB bandwidth up to 75 GHz is realized and clear open eye diagrams at 64 Gbps are observed. In this work, the relationship between the frequency response and large signal transmission characteristics on the integrated inductors of Ge waveguide photodetectors is investigated, which indicates the high-speed performance of photodetectors using the inductive-gain-peaking technique.
Electromechanical and photoelectric properties of a novel semiconducting Janus InGaSSe monolayer
Authors: Zhong Li , Li Xiaobao , Wang Wei , Xiao Xinle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, Janus two-dimensional (2D) materials have received extensive research interests because of their outstanding electronic, mechanical, electromechanical, and optoelectronic properties. In this work, we explore the structural, electromechanical, and optoelectronic properties of a novel hypothesized Janus InGaSSe monolayer by means of first-principles calculations. It is confirmed that the Janus InGaSSe monolayer indeed show extraordinary charge transport properties with intrinsic electron mobility of 48 139 cm2/(V·s) and hole mobility of 16 311 cm2/(V·s). Both uniaxial and biaxial strains can effectively tune its electronic property. Moreover, the Janus InGaSSe monolayer possesses excellent piezoelectric property along both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. The results of this work imply that the Janus InGaSSe monolayer is in fact an efficient photocatalyst candidate, and may provide useful guidelines for the discovery of other new 2D photocatalytic and piezoelectric materials.
A novel method for dynamically altering the surface area of intracranial EEG electrodes
Authors: Sindhu Kavyakantha Remakanthakurup , Ngo Duy , Ombao Hernando , Olaya Joffre E , Shrey Daniel W , Lopour Beth A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) plays a critical role in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease, as well as the development of neural prostheses and brain computer interfaces. While electrode geometries vary widely across these applications, the impact of electrode size on iEEG features and morphology is not well understood. Some insight has been gained from computer simulations, as well as experiments in which signals are recorded using electrodes of different sizes concurrently in different brain regions. Here, we introduce a novel method to record from electrodes of different sizes in the exact same location by changing the size of iEEG electrodes after implantation in the brain. Approach. We first present a theoretical model and an in vitro validation of the method. We then report the results of an in vivo implementation in three human subjects with refractory epilepsy. We recorded iEEG data from three different electrode sizes and compared the amplitudes, power spectra, inter-channel correlations, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of interictal epileptiform discharges, i.e. epileptic spikes. Main Results. We found that iEEG amplitude and power decreased as electrode size increased, while inter-channel correlation did not change significantly with electrode size. The SNR of epileptic spikes was generally highest in the smallest electrodes, but 39% of spikes had maximal SNR in larger electrodes. This likely depends on the precise location and spatial spread of each spike. Significance. Overall, this new method enables multi-scale measurements of electrical activity in the human brain that can facilitate our understanding of neurophysiology, treatment of neurological disease, and development of novel technologies.
Recent modeling for the ITER ion cyclotron range of frequency antennas with the TOPICA code
Authors: Milanesio D. , Helou W. , Polli V. , Durodié F. , Lamalle P. , Maquet V. , Messiaen A. , Tierens W. , Zhang W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper documents the analysis of the ITER ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRF) launcher using the TOPICA code, throughout recent years’ design activities. The ability to simulate the detailed geometry of an ICRF antenna in front of a realistic plasma and to obtain the antenna input parameters, the electric currents on conductors and the radiated field distribution next to the antenna is of significant importance to evaluate and predict the overall system performances. Starting from a reference geometry, we first investigated the impact of some geometrical and numerical factors, such as the Faraday Screen geometry or the mesh quality. Then a final geometry was the object of a comprehensive analysis, varying the working frequency, the plasma conditions and the poloidal and toroidal phasings between the feeding lines. The performance of the antenna has been documented in terms of input parameters, power coupled to plasma and electric fields. Eventually, the four-port junction has also been included in TOPICA models.
Influence of pre-bottleneck diversion devices on pedestrian flow
Authors: Wang Lu , Ding Saizhe , Yu Hang , Li Xudong , Zhang Jun , Song Weiguo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The existence of bottlenecks often leads to the stagnation of pedestrian gatherings, which seriously affects the efficiency of traffic and reduces the flow of pedestrians. Some studies have shown that setting devices in front of bottlenecks can promote pedestrian evacuation under certain conditions. In this paper, the effect of setting diversion devices in front of the exit on pedestrian flow is studied. From our observation, these diversion devices can form a buffer zone before the exit and affect pedestrian behaviors. The evacuation times are found to decrease as the devices become farther away from the exit. In our experiments, it is found that the effect of shunt piles on evacuation is better than in the case of safety barriers and without device conditions. Under the condition of setting up safety barriers approximately 1 m and 3 m in front of the exit, the evacuation times are extended by 0.88% and 2.67%. For shunt piles, the evacuation times are 11.53% and 14.96% shorter than that of those without a device regarding the different distances to exit (1 m and 3 m, respectively). In addition, setting up shunt piles reduces the time interval between two consecutive pedestrians. To sum up, in our experimental settings, the diversion devices can effectively improve the average speed ahead of the exit and promote evacuation to become more orderly, which reduces the congestion in the later period of evacuation. In other words, this study demonstrates that a reasonable layout of facilities can not only meet the daily functional requirements but also improve the efficient use of space in emergencies, reducing the probability of crowd conventions and jams.
On-line Monitoring of Instantaneous Over-voltage Intelligent Monitoring of EMUs
Authors: Sun Zhongjiang , Liu Suyue , Yang Zhiming , Xu Shuangfeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Since high-speed EMUs have high requirements for the reliability of the traction power supply system and the safety of train operation, the online monitoring and analysis of transient over-voltage are of great significance. By analyzing and comparing the characteristics of the existing power grid over-voltage online monitoring devices at home and abroad, and due to the difficulty in detecting the power grid voltage on the high-speed train, a new type of over-voltage online monitoring using the broadband transmission characteristics of the equipment is proposed for the high-speed train. The principle of the scheme is to reconstruct the real-time voltage waveform of the primary side of the transformer by convolving the secondary side voltage waveform of the vehicle-mounted voltage transformer through the fast Fourier transform with the transformer-specific transmission parameter model and to correlate the relevant data, such as power, voltage fluctuation, harmonic distortion, etc. Simultaneously, simulation and experiments are carried out to verify the validity and stability of the scheme algorithm. The experimental results show that the system has good response characteristics, high measurement accuracy, and stable and reliable working conditions. The system achieves the expected design goals, and it has been successfully applied to the online monitoring equipment of EMU power quality. While monitoring the over-voltage of the power grid, this system provides data support for the research on the aging and life of the onboard high-voltage electrical equipment.
Design optimization of X-ray security scanner based on dual-energy transmission imaging with variable tube voltage
Authors: Park Junsung , An Geunyoung , Seo Hee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
At airports and ports, X-ray security scanners based on dual-energy transmission imaging have been operated to prevent importation of contraband articles including weapons, narcotics, and explosives. Security scanners currently operated by the Korea Customs Service use a fixed tube voltage (i.e., 160 kVp); hence, it has a limitation in detecting thinly-coated and/or low-density organic contraband articles. Tube voltage lower than 160 kVp affords an advantage in terms of enhanced contrast for organic materials, albeit at the cost of penetration power, and vice versa. Therefore, a security scanner with variable tube voltage that is adjustable according to the physical/chemical properties of the object to be inspected, has the potential to improve detection probability for contraband articles. In the present study, security scanner design optimization specifically in terms of the X-ray generator and the dual-energy detector was performed by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Then, the performance of the designed system was evaluated using a simple phantom to demonstrate the advantages of the variable tube voltage application. Additionally, the standard kits were used for performance evaluation in terms of simple penetration and wire display, which are the two parameters specified in Korean law.
Design of an analog monolithic pixel sensor prototype in TPSCo 65 nm CMOS imaging technology
Authors: Deng W. , Aglieri Rinella G. , Aresti M. , Baudot J. , Benotto F. , Beole S. , Bialas W. , Borghello G. , Bugiel S. , Campbell M. , Carnesecchi F. , Charbon E. , Cecconi L. , Colledani C. , de Melo J.L.A. , Dorda Martin A. , Dorokhov A. , Ferrero C. , Hasenbichler J. , Hong G.H. , Hu C. , Huang G. , Kluge A. , Kugathasan T. , La Rocca P. , Mager M. , Marras D. , Martinengo P. , Munker M. , Perciballi S. , Piro F. , Prino F. , Rebane K. , Reidt F. , Sanna I. , Sarritzu V. , Savino U. , Snoeys W. , Suljic M. , Termo G. , Triffiro A. , Turcato A. , Usai G. , Wu Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A series of monolithic active pixel sensor prototypes (APTS chips) were manufactured in the TPSCo 65 nm CMOS imaging process in the framework of the CERN-EP R&D on monolithic sensors and the ALICE ITS3 upgrade project. Each APTS chip contains a 4 × 4 pixel matrix with fast analog outputs buffered to individual pads. To explore the process and sensor characteristics, various pixel pitches (10 µm–25 µm), geometries and reverse biasing schemes were included. Prototypes are fully functional with detailed sensor characterization ongoing. The design will be presented with some experimental results also correlating to some transistor measurements.
First characterization results of ARCADIA FD-MAPS after X-ray irradiation
Authors: Neubüser C. , Corradino T. , Dalla Betta G.-F. , Mattiazzo S. , Pancheri L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The ARCADIA collaboration is developing fully-depleted (FD) Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) in a 110 nm CMOS process in collaboration with LFoundry. The sensor design incorporates an n+ collection node within a n-type epi-layer on top of a high-resistivity n-type substrate and p+ backside. Thus, the pn-junction sits on the backside and through an applied backside bias, the full substrate gets depleted. The targeted applications of this technology range from future high energy physics experiments to space applications, and medical and industrial scanners. Together, these applications set the minimum requirements on the detector: data collection at hit rates of (10–100) MHz/cm2, full signal processing within (1–10) μs, maximum power consumption (5–20) mW/cm2 and radiation tolerances of up to 3.4 Mrad or 6.2 × 1012 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence. In order to proof the performance of the technology, a demonstrator chip of 512 × 512 pixels with 25 μm pitch was designed and fabricated in a first engineering run in 2021, together with additional test structures of pixel and strip arrays with different pitches and sensor geometries. The production run has produced functional passive and active pixel matrices. Earlier studies have shown that positive oxide charges and traps at the Si-SiO2 interface, introduced by ionising radiation, affect the depletion region around the collection electrode, increasing the pixel capacitance. By varying the gap size between collection node and pwells, the geometry can be optimised to keep the capacitance low also after irradiation. To study the performance after irradiation, of the optimised diode designs, the passive pixel matrices were irradiated with doses up to 10 Mrad (SiO2) using a X-ray tube with a Tungsten anode. The measurements are complemented by TCAD simulations. The maximum capacitance increase after irradiation was found to reach 6 and 12 fF/pixel for pixel pitches of 25 and 50 μm, respectively. The relative capacitance increase after irradiation has hereby been found to reach up to 250% after a dose of 10 Mrad.
Timing and synchronization of the DUNE neutrino detector
Authors: Barcock A. , Cussans D. , Lindebaum D. , Newbold D. , Paramesvaran S. , Trilov S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The DUNE neutrino experiment far detector has a fiducial mass of 40 kt. The O(1M) readout channels are distributed over the four 10 kt modules and need to be synchronized with respect to each other to a precision of O(10 ns). The entire system needs to be synchronized with respect to GPS time to O(100 ns). The system needs to be reliable, simple and affordable. Clock and synchronization information are encoded on the same fibre using a protocol based on duty cycle shift keying (DCSK) with 8b10b encoding to ensure DC-balance. The use of DCSK allows the clock to be recovered directly by PLL based clock generators without needing to use a separate clock and data recovery (CDR) device. Small scale tests show a timing jitter at the endpoint of ≈10 ps with respect to the timing master.
Performance of ALTIROC2 readout ASIC with LGADs for ATLAS HGTD picosecond MIP timing detector
Authors: Morenas M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
ALTIROC2 is a 225-channel ASIC designed in CMOS 130 nm to read out a 15 × 15 matrix of 1.3 mm × 1.3 mm Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) for the ATLAS HGTD (High Granularity Timing Detector). The targeted combined time resolution of the sensor and its readout electronics range from 35 ps/hit (initial) to 65 ps/hit (end of operational lifetime). Each ASIC channel integrates a high-speed preamplifier followed by a high speed discriminator and two TDCs for Time-of-Arrival and Time-Over-Threshold measurements as well as a local memory. This front-end must exhibit a small jitter while keeping a challenging power consumption of less than 4.5 mW per channel. This conference proceeding summarizes the ASIC architecture, its measured performances compared to simulation, along with the requirements for the ATLAS HGTD experiments.
Construction of precision sMDT detector for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer upgrade
Authors: Amidei D. , Anderson N. , Chen A. , Carpenter E. , Cooperrider L. , Dai T. , Diehl E. , Ferretti C. , Guo Y. , Li J. , Meng X. , Nelson K. , Pillsbury V. , Salzer E. , Schwarz T. , Simpson L. , Wang Z. , Weaverdyck C. , Wei C. , Yang Z. , Yuan M. , Zhou B. , Zhu J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the small-diameter monitored drift-tube detector construction at the
University of Michigan as a contribution to the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer upgrade for the
high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Measurements of the first 30 chambers built at
Michigan show that the drift tube wire position accuracy meets the specification of 20 μm.
The positions of the platforms for alignment and magnetic field sensors are all installed well
within the required precision. The cosmic ray test measurements show single wire tracking
resolution of 100 ± 7 μm with an average detection efficiency above 99%.
The infrastructure, tooling, techniques, and procedures for chamber production are described in
detail. The results from the chamber quality control tests of the first 30 constructed chambers
are reported.
Towards Living Machines: current and future trends of tactile sensing, grasping, and social robotics
Authors: Vouloutsi Vasiliki , Cominelli Lorenzo , Dogar Mehmet , Lepora Nathan , Zito Claudio , Martinez-Hernandez Uriel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The development of future technologies can be highly influenced by our deeper understanding of the principles that underlie living organisms. The Living Machines conference aims at presenting (among others) the interdisciplinary work of behaving systems based on such principles. Celebrating the 10 years of the conference, we present the progress and future challenges of some of the key themes presented in the robotics workshop of the Living Machines conference. More specifically, in this perspective paper, we focus on the advances in the field of biomimetics and robotics for the creation of artificial systems that can robustly interact with their environment, ranging from tactile sensing, grasping, and manipulation to the creation of psychologically plausible agents.
pH and GSH dual-responsive drug-controlled nanomicelles for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Tang Xianjiao , Yang Xiaojing , Zhao Mei-Xia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We developed a pH/glutathione (GSH) dual-responsive smart nano-drug delivery system to achieve targeted release of a chemotherapeutic drug at breast tumor site. Doxorubicin (DOX) was linked to polyethylene glycol (PEG) through cis-aconitic anhydride (CA) and disulfide bonds (SS) to obtain the PEG-SS-CA-DOX prodrug, which spontaneously assembled into nanomicelles with a particle size of 48 ± 0.45 nm. PEG-SS-CA-DOX micelles achieved an efficient and rapid release of DOX under dual stimulation by weak acidic pH and high GSH content of tumors, with the release amount reaching 88.0% within 48 h. Cellular uptake experiments demonstrated that PEG-SS-CA-DOX micelles could efficiently transport DOX into cells and rapidly release it in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, in vivo antitumor experiments showed that PEG-SS-CA-DOX had a high inhibition rate of 70% against 4T1 breast cancer cells along with good biosafety. In conclusion, dual-responsive smart nanomicelles can achieve tumor-targeted drug delivery and specific drug release, thus improving therapeutic efficacy of drugs.
TiO2 nanotubes induce early mitochondrial fission in BMMSCs and promote osseointegration
Authors: Jia Xuelian , Wang Le , Chen Yicheng , Ning Xiaona , Zhang Zhouyang , Xin He , Lv Qian-xin , Hou Yan , Liu Fuwei , Kong Liang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nanotopography can promote osseointegration, but how bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) respond to this physical stimulus is unclear. Here, we found that early exposure of BMMSCs to nanotopography (6 h) caused mitochondrial fission rather than fusion, which was necessary for osseointegration. We analyzed the changes in mitochondrial morphology and function of BMMSCs located on the surfaces of NT100 (100 nm nanotubes) and ST (smooth) by super-resolution microscopy and other techniques. Then, we found that both ST and NT100 caused a significant increase in mitochondrial fission early on, but NT100 caused mitochondrial fission much earlier than those on ST. In addition, the mitochondrial functional statuses were good at the 6 h time point, this is at odds with the conventional wisdom that fusion is good. This fission phenomenon adequately protected mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and respiration and reduced reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, the MMP and oxygen consumption rate of BMMSCs were reduced when mitochondrial fission was inhibited by Mdivi-1(Inhibition of dynamin-related protein 1 fission) in the early stage. In addition, the effect on osseointegration was significantly worse, and this effect did not improve with time. Taken together, the findings indicate that early mitochondrial fission plays an important role in nanotopography-mediated promotion of osseointegration, which is of great significance to the surface structure design of biomaterials.