bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of pneumatic automatic core removal and slicing device and mechanical characteristics test for crab‐apple
Authors: Su Xunwen , Wu Xingchen , Tang Yaoyu , Shi Yanyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current crab‐apple core removal and slicing equipment is mostly pure mechanical equipment, and there are problems such as high failure rate, low core removal rate and slice integrity rate, and so on. In order to solve these problems and improve the low mechanization level in the processing of the crab‐apple products, based on the study of mechanical characteristics of crab‐apple, an automatic crab‐apple core removal and slicing equipment was designed, which is driven by pneumatic system. Through drying, compression and shear test, the average moisture content of the crab‐apple was determined to be 84.57%. And the test results showed that, in the axial direction, the average compressive strength was 0.4137 MPa, and the shear strength was 0.05023 MPa. In the radial direction, the average compressive strength was 0.4462 MPa, and the shear strength was 0.05114 MPa, with anisotropy. The effects of different cutting wedge angle on the force on pulp were studied, and the relevant control system designed. Through the site test of authoritative institutions, the equipment has achieved 98.7% of complete core removal rate and 95.8% of complete ring‐shaped fruit slices rate, and the output has reached 750 kg/h, increasing productivity by more than 10% with low failure rate, and also provides an important reference for the research and development of core removal equipment of other multi‐core fruits. Crab‐apple fruit slices processing enterprises mostly use manual or semi‐automatic equipment for the crab‐apple removal, which restricts development of local crab‐apple processing industry chain. The study has designed an automatic crab‐apple removal and slicing equipment based on the study of physical characters of crab‐apple and analysis of different cutting wedge surface. The experimental results of crab‐apple physical characters show that the crab‐apple pulp is anisotropic. The site test results show that the equipment significantly improves the level of automation. And the core removal method also provide reference for other multi‐core fruits.
Three‐dimensional vs two‐dimensional endoscopic approach in urogynecology: A retrospective cohort study of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Degirmenci Yaman , Schepers Markus , Steetskamp Joscha , Hasenburg Annette , Skala Christine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe gold standard to treat an apical pelvic organ prolapse is the abdominal route via a sacrocolpopexy, which is also reproduced by laparoscopic route. A laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy however, requires surgical expertise. Three‐dimensional (3D) laparoscopy has been developed to overcome the lack of depth perception, that is a known disadvantage of conventional two‐dimensional (2D) laparoscopy. This procedure can accelerate the learning curve and optimize the intra‐, peri‐, and postoperative outcomes. This study aims to compare 3D laparoscopy to traditional 2D laparoscopy for sacrocolpopexy.MethodsData from 132 patients who underwent a sacrocolpopexy with 2D or 3D laparoscopy in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, between June 2012 and September 2021, were collected retrospectively. Seventy‐one laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy operations in 2D (n = 23) and 3D (n = 48) group were reviewed and compared regarding the duration of surgery, blood loss and the length of hospital admission as primary objectives.ResultsThere were no differences in the baseline demographics between the two groups. The estimated blood loss (1.0 (±0.6) g/dL vs 1.7 (±1.0) g/dL, p = 0.010), and duration of surgery (115.4 (±34.7) min. vs 134.7 (±26.2) min., p = 0.012) was significantly better in favor of 3D laparoscopy. The length of hospital stay was comparable in both groups (p = 0.833). Furthermore, no differences were observed between the groups regarding other surgical outcomes.Conclusion3D laparoscopy shows a significant benefit in terms of estimated blood loss and surgery duration among complex urogynecological surgeries compared to traditional 2D laparoscopy.
Proximal and distal honor fit and subjective well‐being in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Kirchner‐Häusler Alexander , Schönbrodt Felix D. , Uskul Ayse K. , Vignoles Vivian L. , Rodríguez‐Bailón Rosa , Castillo Vanessa A. , Cross Susan E. , Gezici‐Yalçın Meral , Harb Charles , Husnu Shenel , Ishii Keiko , Karamaouna Panagiota , Kafetsios Konstantinos , Kateri Evangelia , Matamoros‐Lima Juan , Miniesy Rania , Na Jinkyung , Özkan Zafer , Pagliaro Stefano , Psaltis Charis , Rabie Dina , Teresi Manuel , Uchida Yukiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivePeople's psychological tendencies are attuned to their sociocultural context and culture‐specific ways of being, feeling, and thinking are believed to assist individuals in successfully navigating their environment. Supporting this idea, a stronger “fit” with one's cultural environment has often been linked to positive psychological outcomes. The current research expands the cultural, conceptual, and methodological space of cultural fit research by exploring the link between well‐being and honor, a central driver of social behavior in the Mediterranean region.MethodDrawing on a multi‐national sample from eight countries circum‐Mediterranean (N = 2257), we examined the relationship between cultural fit in honor and well‐being at the distal level (fit with one's perceived society) using response surface analysis (RSA) and at the proximal level (fit with one's university gender group) using profile analysis.ResultsWe found positive links between fit and well‐being in both distal (for some, but not all, honor facets) and proximal fit analyses (across all honor facets). Furthermore, most fit effects in the RSA were complemented with positive level effects of the predictors, with higher average honor levels predicting higher well‐being.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the interplay between individual and environmental factors in honor as well as the important role honor plays in well‐being in the Mediterranean region.
Clinical characteristics of patients with human immunodeficiency virus and immune‐mediated photodermatoses: A retrospective study of 39 patients
Authors: Yang Lu‐Hui , Saeed Ummair , Kuang Yi‐Qun , Li Yu‐Ye 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHIV/AIDS patients are susceptible to various infectious and inflammatory dermatoses. No systemic work has been done on HIV/AIDS patients with immune‐mediated photodermatoses in China. Here, we aim to determine the clinical features of immune‐mediated photodermatoses in HIV/AIDS patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of HIV/AIDS patients with immune‐mediated photodermatoses was carried out with demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and follow‐up data at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between 2012 and 2019. The data were subjected to statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 39 HIV/AIDS patients with immune‐mediated photodermatoses were enrolled, including 22 cases of polymorphic light eruption (PLE), 16 cases of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), and one actinic reticuloid. The CD4 count at the visit of the HIV‐positive CAD group was lower than the PLE group (p = .049). The HIV‐positive CAD group was more sensitive toward UVB than the PLE group (p = .020) and had a lower MED‐UVB value (p = .044). There was no significant difference in UV tests among different categories of skin types.ConclusionImmune‐mediated photodermatoses are a manifestation of the advanced symptom of HIV infection, and sometimes also the presenting feature of HIV infection. Compared with HIV‐positive PLE patients, CAD patients showed higher sensitivity to UVB radiation and had a lower MED‐UVB value. The primary treatment for immune‐mediated photodermatoses in HIV/AIDS patients is HAART and sun avoidance.
Exploring the behavioral and neural correlates of semantic distance in creative writing
Authors: Fan Li , Zhuang Kaixiang , Wang Xueyang , Zhang Jingyi , Liu Cheng , Gu Jing , Qiu Jiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCreativity is critical to economic growth and societal progress. However, assessing creativity using objective approaches remains a challenge. To address this, we employ three objective indicators based on semantic distance to quantify the originality and appropriateness of creativity by analyzing long texts in a story‐writing experiment. Global and local distances were generated separately by computing the mean distance of the whole text and the distance between adjacent sentences, and they were positively correlated with story originality in writing. Global cohesion was positively correlated with story rationality in writing, as generated by computing the semantic coherence between the text and story context. At the behavioral level, three semantic indicators were used to measure originality and appropriateness of creativity and reflected individual differences, including creative achievement and creative personality. At the neural level, global distance was best predicted by the features of the salience and default networks, whereas global cohesion corresponded to the control and salience networks. These findings point to a stable neural basis for semantic indicators and verify the idea of separating different dimensions of creativity. Taken together, our results demonstrate the significance of semantic indicators in assessing creativity and provide insights into analyzing long texts in natural paradigm.
Scale‐up of HIV index testing in an urban population: Experiences and achievements from Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Joel Javies Ngui , Awuor Patrick , Blanco Natalia , Lavoie Marie‐Claude C. , Lascko Taylor , Ngunu Carol , Mwangi Jonathan , Mutisya Immaculate , Ng'eno Caroline , Wangusi Rebecca , Koech Emily 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the implementation strategies of the index testing program across Nairobi County in Kenya, assess outcomes along the HIV index testing cascade (acceptance, elicitation ratio, HIV positivity and linkage to treatment), and assess annual changes along the HIV index testing cascade during the first 2 years of implementation.MethodsRetrospective analysis of programmatic aggregate data collected from October 2017 to September 2019 after the roll‐out of index testing services in 48 health facilities in Nairobi County. Proportions and ratios were calculated for acceptance, elicitation ratio, testing uptake and HIV positivity. We compared these outcomes between years using a chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon sign test, and we assessed trends using the Mann‐Kendall test.ResultsTesting among eligible partners increased from 42.4% (1471/3470) to 74.9% (6114/8159) in the general population, and the positivity yield remained high across both years (25.2% in year 1 and 24.1% in year 2). Index testing positivity yield remained significantly higher than other testing modalities (24.3% vs. 1.3%, p < 0.001). The contribution of index testing services to the total number of HIV‐positive individuals identified increased from 7.5% in the first year to 28.6% in the second year (p < 0.001). More men were tested, but the positivity yield was higher among women (30.0%) and those aged 50 years or older (32.4%). Testing eligible partners in key populations (KPs) decreased from 52.4% (183/349) to 40.7% (109/268) (p = 0.674); however, the HIV positivity yield increased from 8.6% to 23.9% (p < 0.001) by the second year of implementation. The HIV positivity yield from index testing remained higher than other testing modalities (14% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.001) for KPs.ConclusionIndex testing was well‐accepted and effective in identifying individuals living with HIV in a Kenyan urban setting across both general populations and KPs. Ongoing adaptations to the strategies deployed as part of index testing services helped improve most of the outcomes along the index testing cascade.
Surgical enlargement of the epiploic foramen in horses
Authors: Wanstrath Meghan A. , Bauck Anje G. , Smith Andrew D. , Freeman David E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of a method for digitally enlarging the caudal aspect of the epiploic foramen (EF).Study designHealthy horses and clinical cases of EF entrapment (EFE).AnimalsFourteen healthy horses and three clinical cases.MethodsThrough a ventral midline celiotomy under general anesthesia, the EF was enlarged by digital separation of the caudal attachments of the caudate lobe of the liver from right dorsal colon, right kidney, gastropancreatic fold, and pancreas. Healthy horses were euthanized under anesthesia, and the enlarged EF was measured at necropsy.ResultsThe method used for enlarging the EF did not cause clinically relevant hemorrhage, as determined by visual inspection of the EF in 14 horses at necropsy and by vital parameters under anesthesia in all horses. In clinical cases, EFE was reduced following enlargement of the EF, and no intraoperative complications were encountered. In one clinical case, necropsy at 30 days confirmed partial closure of the enlarged EF.ConclusionThe method proposed enlarged the EF safely and effectively. Limitations of the study include the small number of clinical cases and the lack of postoperative follow‐up on the healthy horses.Clinical significanceEnlargement of the EF at its caudal extent should be considered in selected cases of EFE in which manual reduction is difficult or protracted. Although the procedure was safe in this study, knowledge of the anatomy, practice on cadavers, and careful selection of cases with greatest need are recommended before clinical use.
Modern Steam Passenger Locomotives—Research and Design
Authors: Kiefer P. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper traces the progress of development of passenger locomotives on the New York Central System from the heavy Pacific type of 1925, to the latest combination passenger and freight design of 1940, showing the continued demand for increased power and the methods used to satisfy the requirements. A brief résumé of actual results obtained is presented and in conclusion, an expression of views is offered on possibilities for further improvement in the near future without departure from the conventional reciprocating design.
A Method of Determining the Pressure Drop for Oil-Vapor Mixtures Flowing Through Furnace Coils
Authors: Dittus F. W. , Hildebrand A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper outlines a procedure for calculating pressure drops which has been used by the authors in the design of furnaces over a period of several years. The resultant total pressure drops have in each case checked closely with the calculated values. The equations given in the paper are set up to determine the pressure gradient for the part of the furnace where a liquid-vapor composition exists, particularly in the case of a vaporizing petroleum oil. The method as outlined consists of a combination of mathematical equations and graphical solutions.
Ice Prevention by the Air-Lift System at Grand Coulee
Authors: Owen T. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the results of a laboratory study of orifices for an air-lift deicing system at Grand Coulee Dam. The investigation included the testing of single-and multiple-hole arrangements of orifices of the short-tube type, the diverging-tube type, and various combinations of both. Flow patterns were studied with these various orifices discharging upward, horizontally, and downward. Special attention was devoted to the freezing phenomenon, and rules for designing a satisfactory nonfreezing orifice were proposed. An orifice was developed which gave a satisfactory balance between flow pattern, economy of operation, and nonfreezing characteristics.
The Steam-Turbine Regenerative Cycle—An Analytical Approach
Authors: Salisbury J. Kenneth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The author has found that with other conditions fixed the heat rate of a turbine depends only upon the fractional quantity of steam extracted, regardless of internal variations in the heater cycle. A method is presented in this paper for determining quickly and accurately the improvement in heat rate resulting from regenerative feedwater heating with any steam conditions. The results are shown in Fig. 1, which is useful in estimating heat rates and in settling the design of a feedwater-heating system before final design figures are completed.
Progress in Methods of Edge-Gluing Lumber and Veneers
Authors: Von Maltitz H. K. , Bolling O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Boards for lumber cores of plywood, for solid-dimension stock, such as chair seats, solid tops, etc., are still almost universally edge-glued together with conventional cold-setting glues, i.e., animal, vegetable, and casein. Veneers are still widely taped together and, when edge-glued without tape, are generally glued with prespread animal glue. This paper describes new methods and machines for edge-gluing lumber and veneer with waterproof and water-resistant heat-setting adhesives, particularly urea-form-aldehyde resin, and points out the advantages gained through adoption of these new methods.
Studies on the Cracking of Boiler Plate
Authors: Bird P. G. , Johnson E. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a series of tests on the cracking of boiler steel, based upon the use of the Schroeder embrittlement detector. Two types of waters were employed, one consisting of synthetic solutions and the other of boiler waters. The results are reported in comprehensive tables which show the amount and kind of inhibitor added, the water analysis, the amount of organic matter as indicated by the Tyrosin test, and other pertinent data. The tests show that, of the inorganic substances used to inhibit cracking, sodium nitrate is one of the best when combined with organic matter. With a given feedwater, it was found that ever-increasing amounts of inhibitors are required as the number of concentrations increases. This unit should be used only by skilled operators.
Field Data From the Embrittlement Detector
Authors: Partridge E. P. , Kaufman C. E. , Hall R. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper constitutes a progress report based on test data from 100 embrittlement detectors installed on operating boilers to ascertain the embrittling tendency of the respective boiler waters. Not until more than 10 years after the well-known sulphate-alkalinity ratios were formulated and published in the A.S.M.E. Boiler Code of 1926 were means devised whereby the tendency of an actual boiler water to cause cracking could be tested. Mention is made of the apparatus designed for laboratory use, developed by Straub and Bradbury, and the embrittlement detector of Schroeder and his associates for installation on an operating boiler. The tests reported by the authors were carried out by means of the latter. The procedure followed and the effects of various inhibitors used are given in some detail and the results are presented in the form of a series of graphs. The authors in conclusion suggest that boiler operators, faced with the problem of embrittlement cracking, take advantage of the testing methods now available, and determine the conditions which they can economically and effectively maintain in their boilers to minimize the difficulty.
Relaxation Resistance of Nickel-Alloy Springs
Authors: Betty B. B. , MacQueen E. C. , Rolle Carl 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As a result of a series of tests reported in this paper, stresses required to produce 2, 4, and 6 per cent load loss, or relaxation, in coil springs, held at constant height and constant temperature, have been determined by the authors for several alloys, namely, Monel, “K” Monel, “Z” nickel, and Inconel. Successive test temperatures from 300 F to 700 F were used. The range of temperature over which these several alloys can be used successfully, when load loss is a criterion, has been determined. “K” Monel, “Z” nickel, and Inconel have been found to be comparable, in this respect, to high-alloy spring steels, while Monel is more nearly comparable to low-alloy steels.
Problems in Water-Steam Cycle of Central Steam-Generating and Decentralized Control Systems, Parkchester
Authors: Powell S. T. , Dondero J. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Parkchester, located in the Bronx, New York City, is the largest apartment community in the world, having 58 buildings, containing 12,273 apartments, which eventually will accommodate nearly 40,000 persons. The entire group of buildings is heated by a central steam-generating plant, and all condensate is collected at individual groups of buildings and returned to the central plant in an ingenious and novel collection system. To avoid corrosion of the distribution and condensate-return lines required the generation of steam of the highest quality. Numerous engineering problems were encountered and had to be economically solved in the basic design of the various structures. The project is now completed and the period of initial operation has demonstrated the soundness of the development. This paper presents a general discussion of certain problems which occurred in this development, emphasis being placed on the engineering aspects.
Correlation of Coefficient of Friction With Drilling Torque and Thrust for Different Types of Cutting Fluids
Authors: Schmidt A. O. , Gilbert W. W. , Boston O. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The authors report results of a series of tests made to determine the lubricating effects of a wide variety of cutting fluids on the forces involved in drilling. The investigation was conducted in the metal processing laboratories of the University of Michigan. Torque and thrust, from which the coefficient of friction was obtained, were measured on a special lubrication dynamometer and recorded graphically. Brief specifications are given for the cutting fluids used. The technique for carrying out lubrication tests and the results obtained are discussed, as well as those for the drilling tests. A comprehensive series of graphs showing test results accompanies the paper, and clearly defined conclusions are drawn from the investigation.
Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers
Authors: Ziegler J. G. , Nichols N. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the three principal control effects found in present controllers are examined and practical names and units of measurement are proposed for each effect. Corresponding units are proposed for a classification of industrial processes in terms of the two principal characteristics affecting their controllability. Formulas are given which enable the controller settings to be determined from the experimental or calculated values of the lag and unit reaction rate of the process to be controlled. These units form the basis of a quick method for adjusting a controller on the job. The effect of varying each controller setting is shown in a series of chart records. It is believed that the conceptions of control presented in this paper will be of assistance in the adjustment of existing controller applications and in the design of new installations.
Condensation of Saturated Freon-12 Vapor on a Bank of Horizontal Tubes
Authors: Young F. L. , Wohlenberg W. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The condensate film formed on tubes below the top tube, in a vertical bank of horizontal tubes, differs from that formed on the top tube because condensate formed on higher tubes drops or runs off to lower tubes, thus affecting the rate of heat transfer at the lower tubes. This paper includes the results of an experimental investigation of such effects on the heat transfer when saturated Freon-12 vapor condenses on the outsides of such a bank of tubes. The result as to film coefficient is correlated with Nusselt’s number for condensation and reasonably good agreement is found with the results deduced from Nusselt’s theory of condensation in so far as trends are concerned.