bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The third vaccine dose significantly reduces susceptibility to the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) SARS‐CoV‐2 variant
Authors: Farias Jéssica P. , Pinheiro Josilene R. , Andreata‐Santos Robert , Fogaça Mayanna M. C. , da Silva Brito Ruth D. , da Cruz Edgar F. , de Castro‐Amarante Maria F. , Pereira Samuel S. , dos Santos Almeida Shirley , Moreira Ludimila M. , da Conceição Simões Rafael , Luiz Wilson B. , Birbrair Alexander , Belmok Aline , Ribeiro Bergmann M. , Maricato Juliana T. , Braconi Carla T. , de Souza Ferreira Luís C. , Janini Luiz M. R. , Amorim Jaime Henrique 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine formulations used today are mainly based on the wild‐type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike glycoprotein as an antigen. However, new virus variants capable of escaping neutralization activity of serum antibodies elicited in vaccinated individuals have emerged. The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant caused epidemics in regions of the world in which most of the population has been vaccinated. In this study, we aimed to understand what determines individual's susceptibility to Omicron in a scenario of extensive vaccination. For that purpose, we collected nasopharynx swab (n = 286) and blood samples (n = 239) from flu‐like symptomatic patients, as well as their vaccination history against COVID‐19. We computed the data regarding vaccine history, COVID‐19 diagnosis, COVID‐19 serology, and viral genome sequencing to evaluate their impact on the number of infections. As main results, we showed that vaccination in general did not reduce the number of individuals infected by Omicron, even with an increased immune response found among vaccinated, noninfected individuals. Nonetheless, we found that individuals who received the third vaccine dose showed significantly reduced susceptibility to Omicron infections. A relevant evidence that support this finding was the higher virus neutralization capacity of serum samples of most patients who received the third vaccine dose. In summary, this study shows that boosting immune responses after a third vaccine dose reduces susceptibility to COVID‐19 caused by the Omicron variant. Results presented in this study are useful for future formulations of COVID‐19 vaccination policies.
Modification of the properties of a suture thread with a tough gel coating: A baseline ex‐vivo study
Authors: Mazy David , Ma Zhenwei , Chung‐Tze‐Cheong Christopher , Lamer Stephanie , Li Jianyu , Nault Marie‐Lyne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of sutures are important for wound closure and meniscus repair. A tough gel coating technology has been developed to modify and functionalize sutures, but its effects on suture degradation remain unexplored. Our aim is to investigate how a tough gel coating mediates the properties of the suture. The Polyglactin910 (Vicryl) suture was chosen because it is widely used, strong, easy to handle, and degradable. This study compared six pristine Vicryl sutures and six coated Vicryl sutures at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. All the sutures were soaked in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), to mimic degradation in physiological conditions, and tensile strength was tested at each time point. The pH of the soaking mediums was measured weekly and compared at 4, 5, and 6 weeks. No significant difference (p = 0.059 and p = 0.576) was found between the absolute and normalized breaking force of coated and pristine Vicryl sutures at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. After 4 weeks of immersion, the soaking medium became more acidic for both suture types. The decrease in pH was less significant for coated Vicryl sutures than for pristine ones (p < 0.001) at 4, 5, and 6 weeks of immersion. Although coating does not affect the strength of Vicryl sutures soaked in PBS, it can effectively act as a buffer to the acidic environment caused by suture degradation, which could help reduce inflammation. Hydrogel coating is a promising technology to modify suture characteristics.
Preparation of Poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) Hydrogel‐Modified PVDF Membrane and Its Separation and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Wu Xiaorui , Zhang Shumin , Kong Que , Li Rong , Zhou Change , Li Zhiguang , Ren Xuehong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCommercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microporous membranes are coated with P(AA‐co‐AM) hydrogel with different proportions of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM). Thus, P(AA‐co‐AM)/PVDF membranes with good structure and excellent performance are prepared. The surface morphology and structure of P(AA‐co‐AM)/PVDF membranes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The water contact angle (WCA), underwater oil contact angle (UOCA), pure water flux, separation flux, and separation efficiency of P(AA‐co‐AM)/PVDF membranes are measured. The antibacterial properties of P(AA‐co‐AM)/PVDF membranes are tested, and the prepared membranes have good antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus after chlorination. The prepared P(AA‐co‐AM)/PVDF membranes show good hydrophilicity and underwater oleophobicity, and improved separation performance of mud, oil–water emulsion, metal ions, and organic dyes.
On the Galois covers of degenerations of surfaces of minimal degree
Authors: Amram Meirav , Gong Cheng , Mo Jia‐Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate the topological structures of Galois covers of surfaces of minimal degree (i.e., degree n) in . We prove that for , the Galois covers of any surfaces of minimal degree are simply‐connected surfaces of general type.
Knowledge toward COVID‐19 in children among undergraduate students at the beginning of COVID‐19 era
Authors: Abuhammad Sawsan , Alhawatmeh Hossam , Al‐Natour Ahlam , Hamaideh Shaher , Alrabadi Nasr , Sindiani Amer , Mehrass Amat Alkhaleq 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe the level of knowledge of undergraduate students in Jordan toward COVID‐19 in children in respect of the clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission, protection measures against the disease and satisfaction with governmental measures.DesignA cross‐section was utilized in this study.MethodsAn online survey questionnaire was utilized in this research study. All undergraduate students in Jordan were able to take part. The size of the sample was 799. Knowledge toward COVID‐19 among children was used to assess the participants' knowledge about COVID‐19.ResultsThe findings indicate that the students had a good understanding of the clinical signs, mode of transmission and protection measures and were satisfied with governmental measures. According to the students' responses, the resource they used the most was social media followed by news channels. Our study also found that medical specialty students had more knowledge toward COVID‐19 than non‐medical.
Atmospheric impacts of local sea surface temperatures versus remote drivers during strong South China Sea winter cold tongue events
Authors: Seow Marvin Xiang Ce , Hassim Muhammad Eeqmal Eesfansyah , Venkatraman Prasanna , Tozuka Tomoki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western part of the South China Sea (SCS) are cooler than in the eastern part in boreal winter, owing to a winter climatological cold tongue (CT). In this study, using a regional atmospheric model configured for the Maritime Continent, we assess the atmospheric impacts of local (or SCS) SSTs versus those from remote drivers (e.g., western tropical Pacific SSTs) during strong CT events with anomalously cool SSTs. In the local run, more rainfall is observed over the eastern SCS, but no significant atmospheric impacts are found over the CT region when SSTs associated with strong CT events are imposed within the SCS while climatological conditions are imposed elsewhere. SCS SST anomalies during strong CT events do not significantly modify the regional wind circulation. The lack of atmospheric response to SSTs over the CT region may be explained by the wintertime mean SSTs (i.e., <27–28°C) over the CT region that are inadequate to trigger deep atmospheric convection, while eastern SCS SSTs are high enough. The increase of anomalous positive moist static energy (MSE) near the sea level over the eastern SCS indicates underlying warm eastern SCS SST anomalies could be influencing positive rainfall anomalies. In the remote run, imposing climatological SCS SSTs but remote SSTs and lateral boundary conditions linked to strong CT events results in cyclonic wind and positive rainfall anomalies over the eastern SCS and Philippines, which are a Matsuno–Gill response to the diabatic heating anomalies over the warm western tropical Pacific SST anomalies. Positive rainfall and cloud cover anomalies associated with the cyclonic wind anomalies are due to the anomalous positive MSE import into the eastern SCS by horizontal advection.
Cross‐scale, cross‐level and multi‐actor governance of transformations toward the Sustainable Development Goals: A review of common challenges and solutions
Authors: Allen Cameron , Malekpour Shirin , Mintrom Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe importance of governance for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is uncontested. However, the design of effective governance arrangements to initiate and deliver the necessary transformations is complex, multi‐scale, and multi‐actor and many knowledge gaps remain. For would‐be reformers, a fundamental challenge arises because all transformative efforts must proceed, at least initially, within existing governance arrangements which can be highly resistant to change. While there is a rich literature on governance of transformations, knowledge remains fragmented. In this paper, we first review this literature and highlight important governance scales as spatial, jurisdictional, sectoral and temporal. We highlight common governance challenges that may arise from tensions within and between these scales, and how governance framings and design choices of actors may accentuate or ameliorate these challenges. To further illustrate, we review a selection of recent case studies on transformations to the SDGs and highlight common governance challenges and solutions. We conclude by suggesting five concrete steps that would‐be reformers could usefully take to increase the likelihood that their transformation efforts will meet with success.
2D Zinc Oxide – Synthesis, Methodologies, Reaction Mechanism, and Applications
Authors: Patil Sayali Ashok , Jagdale Pallavi Bhaktapralhad , Singh Ashish , Singh Ravindra Vikram , Khan Ziyauddin , Samal Akshaya Kumar , Saxena Manav 
Published: January 2023

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) is a thermally stable n‐type semiconducting material. ZnO 2D nanosheets have mainly gained substantial attention due to their unique properties, such as direct bandgap and strong excitonic binding energy at room temperature. These are widely utilized in piezotronics, energy storage, photodetectors, light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, gas sensors, and photocatalysis. Notably, the chemical properties and performances of ZnO nanosheets largely depend on the nano‐structuring that can be regulated and controlled through modulating synthetic strategies. Two synthetic approaches, top–down and bottom–up, are mainly employed for preparing ZnO 2D nanomaterials. However, owing to better results in producing defect‐free nanostructures, homogenous chemical composition, etc., the bottom–up approach is extensively used compared to the top–down method for preparing ZnO 2D nanosheets. This review presents a comprehensive study on designing and developing 2D ZnO nanomaterials, followed by accenting its potential applications. To begin with, various synthetic strategies and attributes of ZnO 2D nanosheets are discussed, followed by focusing on methodologies and reaction mechanisms. Then, their deliberation toward batteries, supercapacitors, electronics/optoelectronics, photocatalysis, sensing, and piezoelectronic platforms are further discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities are featured based on its current development.
Hydrogel Electrolyte with High Tolerance to a Wide Spectrum of pHs and Compressive Energy Storage Devices Based on It
Authors: Li Chuan , Yang Shuo , Guo Ying , Lv Haiming , Li Pei , Bai Xiaofang , Li Xuejin , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNormally, hydrogel electrolytes widely used in flexible energy storage devices have limited tolerance to different pHs. Most gel electrolytes will lose their compressible capability when the adaptable pH is changed. Herein, a poly(acrylamide3‐co‐(sulfobetaine methacrylate)1)@polyacrylamide (P(A3‐co‐S1)@PAM) hydrogel electrolyte equipped with a dual crosslinking network (DN) is successfully fabricated, which exhibits excellent tolerance to any pHs, endowing various energy storage devices including batteries and supercapacitors with superior mechanical durability. The batteries with mild and alkaline P(A3‐co‐S1)@PAM electrolytes display superior stability (over 3000 cycles). Additionally, a Zn||MnO2battery based on the P(A3‐co‐S1)@PAM hydrogel electrolyte (mild) under 50% compression strain also shows excellent charge–discharge stability and high capacity at 152.4 mAh g−1after 600 cycles. The strong reversible hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces originating from zwitterionic structures of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) play an important role in dissipating and dispersing energy imposed abruptly. Meanwhile, the zwitterionic structure and intermolecular NH⋯OC hydrogen bonds of the hydrogel lead to the property of acid resistance and alkali resistance. The tough and robust covalent crosslinking bonds and the tight arrangement of DN polymer chains enable the hydrogel electrolytes to recover their initial shape fast once unloading.
Locus‐Specific Detection of DNA Methylation: The Advance, Challenge, and Perspective of CRISPR‐Cas Assisted Biosensors
Authors: Yu Songcheng , Cao Shengnan , He Sitian , Zhang Kaixiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation is one of the epigenetic characteristics that result in heritable and revisable phenotype changes but without sequence changes in DNA. Aberrant methylation occurring at a specific locus was reported to be associated with cancers, insulin resistance, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. Therefore, locus‐specific DNA methylation can serve as a valuable biomarker for disease diagnosis and therapy. Recently, Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐Cas systems are applied to develop biosensors for DNA, ribonucleic acid, proteins, and small molecules detection. Because of their highly specific binding ability and signal amplification capacity, CRISPR‐Cas assisted biosensor also serve as a potential tool for locus‐specific detection of DNA methylation. In this perspective, based on the detection principle, a detailed classification and comprehensive discussion of recent works about the latest advances in locus‐specific detection of DNA methylation using CRISPR‐Cas systems are provided. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives of CRISPR‐based locus‐specific detection of DNA methylation are outlined.
FE‐analysis of long‐term performance of an epoxy bonded anchor based on nanoindentation and CT‐scan
Authors: Zhu Feng , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEpoxy‐based adhesive mortars are applied as bonding materials for the heavy‐duty fastener in buildings and constructions worldwide. The long‐term behavior of the adhesive mortars is a significant influencing factor on the sustained load and lifetime of bonded anchors. An adhesive mortar is a heterogeneous material consisting of resin and fillers. For the analysis of the long‐term performance of the bonded anchor, it is fundamental to understand the long‐term behavior of the bonding material on the microscale. This contribution presents a novel prediction approach for the long‐term load capacity of the epoxy‐based bonded anchor by using nanoindentation and FE‐simulation. The long‐term mechanical properties of the adhesive mortar were measured by using the precise nanoindentation technology on the micro level for the investigation of: (a) the loading rate effect on the load behavior of the resin, (b) the heterogeneous mechanical phases of the mortar, (c) the aging of the microstructures, and (d) the long‐term load behavior of the components of the mortar. Based on the experimental nanoindentation results, the numerical long‐term time‐independent material parameters were characterized in a concrete model by means of stochastic simulation. For analysis of the imperfection effect of a real bonded anchor, the nanoindentation was employed on the micro level to investigate the error load transfer on the interface between mortar and concrete drillhole without drill‐hole cleaning. On the macro level, the macroscale defects of an installed bonded anchor were found by using the computer tomography. It is demonstrated that the FE‐model based on the nanoindentation results can correctly predict the long‐term performances of a bonded anchorage system.
On well‐posedness of the first boundary‐value problem within linear isotropic Toupin–Mindlin strain gradient elasticity and constraints for elastic moduli
Authors: Eremeyev Victor A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWithin the linear Toupin–Mindlin strain gradient elasticity we discuss the well‐posedness of the first boundary‐value problem, that is, a boundary‐value problem with Dirichlet‐type boundary conditions on the whole boundary. For an isotropic material we formulate the necessary and sufficient conditions which guarantee existence and uniqueness of a weak solution. These conditions include strong ellipticity written in terms of higher‐order elastic moduli and two inequalities for the Lamé moduli. The conditions are less restrictive than those followed from the positive definiteness of the deformation energy.
Horizons, 1944–1947
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe serendipitous successes and enticing possibilities of the first year of radio astronomy at Sydney had set Joe Pawsey on a quite unexpected scientific path. He was suddenly established at the lead of a new research field in basic science, with a clear sense of scientific purpose. But just a few months before observations at Collaroy began, Pawsey had not been at all clear about what he would like to pursue in the post-war world. This chapter concerns his personal contemplation of that future, and provides context for the long trip overseas that he undertook in 1947 and 1948.
“Radio” is Part of Astronomy, 1947–1961
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn many ways, the year 1953 represented a year of consolidation for the radio astronomers at RPL under the leadership of Pawsey and Bowen. The solar research program was flourishing (see Chap. 25). Bolton, Stanley and Slee completed their survey of discrete sources at Dover Heights, by now finding 104 such sources. Mills was now developing new instruments to investigate these sources further.
The Sun and the Ionosphere, 1946–1955
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen David Martyn wrote to Pawsey in August 1952 to propose his nomination for the Royal Society, Pawsey replied with a formal typed letter that included an obligatory modest paragraph, followed by his own assessment of his achievements. In his own assessment, his main scientific contributions were in solar radio astronomy (which in 1952, he considered the “most fruitful” investigations at RPL, rather than the new found interest in the discrete sources and extra-Galactic observations) and the development of new methods of ionospheric research. We therefore devote this chapter to a brief summary of research and achievements in these areas up to 1955. The first part of the chapter contains a brief overview of the main achievements in solar radio astronomy, led by Paul Wild. Often it is difficult to identify Pawsey’s particular contributions, because, as noted, his leadership style was to visit and discuss observations and analyses, to make comments and propose ways of resolving immediate difficulties, but not to lead the research nor to take authorship for such contributions, However many papers do acknowledge Pawsey’s advice and criticisms in their preparation. The second part contains an overview of Pawsey’s well-crafted but not extensive ionospheric research.
John Bolton Returns, 1960–1961
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe GRT was nearing completion, the early frustrations were now in the past and progress exceeded expectations, “We are infinitely better off than appeared possible about a year ago”. Plans were being made for the scientific research with the GRT and an observing program selection committee was formed. This new major research facility was coming to life.
To the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1961
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRabi to Pawsey 31 October 1961:By 1960, radio astronomy was flourishing in the USA. The pace of development had greatly intensified from 1955 to 1960. Radio astronomy had developed in multiple groups spread across the country, a very different pattern from the single Australian group and the two groups in the UK. By 1957 the universities of California (Berkeley), Cornell, Harvard, Ohio State and Stanford all had active radio astronomy programs. At the Carnegie Institute Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM), Franklin and Burke had discovered the intense bursts of radio emission from Jupiter, and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) had made detailed studies of the thermal emission from the moon and the planets using their 50-foot dish. Following the detection of the 21 cm hydrogen line by Ewen and Purcell at Harvard, Bart Bok (Harvard astronomy department) had built up a group of astronomers focussed on the interpretation of observations of the 21 cm hydrogen line. As noted by Kellermann et al. (Open Skies, 2020, p. 54), the Harvard project was managed by astronomers and not by radio scientists as in Australia and the UK. Many of these Harvard graduates were to become members of the NRAO scientific staff, a very different team composition than the instrumentally based groups of radio scientists and engineers that dominated the Australian groups.