bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prepayment and credit utilization in peer-to-peer lending
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Tao Ran 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis research analyzes borrowers' credit utilization through prepayment behavior in peer-to-peer (P2P) lending. The authors investigate factors influencing the decision to prepay and assess the role of P2P lending as an alternative source of consumer credits.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use individual loan-level data from the LendingClub, one of the largest P2P platforms in the USA. The authors use a Logit model and a sample selection model estimated by the two-stage Heckman method. The empirical analysis considers borrower-specific and loan-specific characteristics as well as macroeconomic factors.FindingsThe authors present a number of significant findings that can enhance understanding consumers' financing decisions. The authors offer evidence that borrowers are able to take advantage of cheaper loans offered by P2P lending to better manage credit card balance and consolidate debt. The authors find that borrowers tend to prepay P2P loans quickly when the aggregate cost of borrowing is low, suggesting that P2P lending offers an efficient alternative to obtain credit. This is particularly true for creditworthy borrowers that are able to take advantage of competing sources of finance. The authors' results provide evidence that P2P lending can improve consumers' optimal credit utilization.Originality/valueP2P lending has grown exponentially and has become a significant credit supplier to consumers and small businesses. While the existing literature mostly focuses on default risks, prepayment has received much less attention. This research fills in the gap and investigates borrowers' prepayment behavior in P2P loans and the role of P2P lending as an alternative source of consumer credits.
Algorithmic detection and categorization of partially attached particles in AM structures: a non-destructive method for the certification of lattice implants
Authors: Masterton Matthew Philip , Downing David Malcolm , Lozanovski Bill , Tino Rance Brennan B. , Brandt Milan , Fox Kate , Leary Martin 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to present a methodology for the detection and categorisation of metal powder particles that are partially attached to additively manufactured lattice structures. It proposes a software algorithm to process micro computed tomography (µCT) image data, thereby providing a systematic and formal basis for the design and certification of powder bed fusion lattice structures, as is required for the certification of medical implants.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper details the design and development of a software algorithm for the analysis of µCT image data. The algorithm was designed to allow statistical probability of results based on key independent variables. Three data sets with a single unique parameter were input through the algorithm to allow for characterisation and analysis of like data sets.

Findings
This paper demonstrates the application of the proposed algorithm with three data sets, presenting a detailed visual rendering derived from the input image data, with the partially attached particles highlighted. Histograms for various geometric attributes are output, and a continuous trend between the three different data sets is highlighted based on the single unique parameter.

Originality/value
This paper presents a novel methodology for non-destructive algorithmic detection and categorisation of partially attached metal powder particles, of which no formal methods exist. This material is available to download as a part of a provided GitHub repository.
Reciprocated competition between two forest carnivores drives dietary specialization
Authors: Smith Matthew M. , Erb John D. , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Competition shapes animal communities, but the strength of the interaction varies spatially depending on the availability and aggregation of resources and competitors. Among carnivores, competition is particularly pronounced with the strongest interactions between similar species with intermediate differences in body size. While ecologists have emphasized interference competition among carnivores based on dominance hierarchies from body size (smaller = subordinate; larger = dominant), the reciprocity of exploitative competition from subordinate species has been overlooked even though efficient exploitation can limit resource availability and influence foraging.

Across North America, fishers Pekania pennanti and martens (Martes spp.) are two phylogenetically related forest carnivores that exhibit a high degree of overlap in habitat use and diet and differ in body size by a factor of 2–5×, eliciting particularly strong interspecific competition. In the Great Lakes region, fishers and martens occur both allopatrically and sympatrically; where they co‐occur, the numerically dominant species varies spatially. This natural variation in competitors and environmental conditions enables comparisons to understand how interference and exploitative competition alter dietary niche overlap and foraging strategies.

We analysed stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) from 317 martens and 132 fishers, as well as dietary items (n = 629) from 20 different genera, to compare niche size and overlap. We then quantified individual diet specialization and modelled the response to environmental conditions that were hypothesized to influence individual foraging.

Martens and fishers exhibited high overlap in both available and core isotopic δ‐space, but no overlap of core dietary proportions. When the competitor was absent or rare, both martens and fishers consumed more smaller‐bodied prey. Notably, the dominant fisher switched from being a specialist of larger to smaller prey in the absence of the subordinate marten. Environmental context also influenced dietary specialization: increasing land cover diversity and prey abundance reduced specialization in martens whereas vegetation productivity increased specialization for both martens and fishers.

Despite an important dominance hierarchy, fishers adjusted their niche in the face of a subordinate, but superior, exploitative competitor. These findings highlight the underappreciated role of the subordinate competitor in shaping the dietary niche of a dominant competitor.
Revegetation promotes soil microbial network stability in a novel riparian ecosystem
Authors: Ye Chen , Gong Yu , Chen Meiping , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Che Rongxiao , Liu Shengen , Zhang Quanfa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in ecosystem processes and functions, but how their co‐occurrence networks respond to restoration of degraded ecosystems remains poorly understood.

Here, we examined the effects of revegetation on the structure and function of the soil microbiome, including soil microbial network complexity and stability, in a novel riparian ecosystem with winter submergence opposite to the natural hydrological regime.

We found that extreme flooding intensity (30 m submergence up to 286 days per year) reduced microbial α‐diversity and network stability (robustness) but increased network complexity including network connectivity, connectance and average clustering coefficient over a 3‐year period, and those effects were mitigated by active revegetation in comparison with natural regeneration. Revegetation increased microbial network stability directly by decreasing network complexity, while extreme flooding regulated network stability indirectly by changing the soil total carbon content. Nevertheless, those dynamics of microbial network were coupling with soil microbial functions such as greenhouse gas (e.g. CH4, CO2 and N2O) fluxes and nutrient cycling.

Synthesis and applications: This study provides evidence to support the critical role of revegetation in preserving soil microbial network stability and functions under changing hydrological regime.
The views of Irish primary teachers towards the in‐class versus the withdrawal models of support when working with children with dyslexia
Authors: Molyneaux Alex , O'Brien Trevor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on the perspectives of primary school teachers on the current provision for students with dyslexia in the mainstream classroom. Five themes emerged from this research and these were (1) Diagnosis, (2) Inclusion, (3) Effective classroom practice, (4) Difficulties encountered in the classroom and (5) Teacher education. The focus of this article is on the theme of Inclusion. The data collected explores the perspectives of twelve primary teachers towards the in‐class versus withdrawal models to support children with dyslexia in the mainstream classroom. As the concept of inclusive education has evolved in recent years, the objective of this research was to identify the most effective means of addressing the needs of the dyslexic student in the mainstream classroom. The insights provided by the teachers signify the need for in‐class support, as much as possible, to support inclusion for students with dyslexia in the mainstream classroom.
The ethics and obligations of long‐term ethnographic relationships: revelatory moments and the concept of solidarity
Authors: Hemer Susan R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article reflects on an ethical and revelatory moment in the development of my long‐term fieldwork relationships with people of the Lihir Islands in Papua New Guinea. Ethnographic research globally is now shaped through formal processes of ethical review, with the requirements for informed consent, privacy, and consideration of harm and beneficence. Researchers then have to put these procedures into practice, often encountering the need to weigh competing ethical principles, particularly when unforeseen events occur. Reflexivity has been argued to be crucial on these occasions. Yet both ethical codes and reflexivity fall short of managing ethical and relational implications of long‐term field relationships. This article suggests that the concept of solidarity as theorized recently in bioethics may be helpful, particularly the discernment of three layers of relationship. What responsibilities might we as anthropologists have to the people we work with that go beyond procedural ethics? And how do moments such as the one described in this article shape ongoing field research?
The genome sequence of a spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus, provides insights into interspecific host range variation and the genetic basis of adaptation to a low‐quality host plant
Authors: Chen Lei , Yu Xin‐Yue , Xue Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Feng , Guo Li‐Xue , Zhang Hua‐Meng , Hoffmann Ary A. , Hong Xiao‐Yue , Sun Jing‐Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe phytophagous mite Tetranychus truncatus is a serious pest in East Asia but has a relatively narrower host range than the pest mite Tetranychus urticae, which can feed on over 1200 plant species. Here, we generated a high‐quality chromosomal level genome of T. truncatus and compared it with that of T. urticae, with an emphasis on the genes related to detoxification and chemoreception, to explore the genomic basis underlying the evolution of host range. We also conducted population genetics analyses (in 86 females from 10 populations) and host transfer experiments (in 4 populations) to investigate transcription changes following transfer to a low‐quality host (Solanum melongena, eggplant), and we established possible connections between fitness on eggplant and genes related to detoxification and chemoreception. We found that T. truncatus has fewer genes related to detoxification, transport, and chemoreception than T. urticae, with a particularly strong reduction in gustatory receptor (GR) genes. We also found widespread transcriptional variation among T. truncatus populations, which varied in fitness on eggplant. We characterized selection on detoxification‐related genes through ω values and found a negative correlation between expression levels and ω values. Based on the transcription results, as well as the fitness and genetic differences among populations, we identified genes potentially involved in adaptation to eggplant in T. truncatus. Our work provides a genomic resource for this pest mite and new insights into mechanisms underlying the adaptation of herbivorous mites to host plants.
Reduced‐sodium roasted chicken: Physical/technological characteristics, optimized KCl‐seasoning mixture, consumer perception, liking, emotions, and purchase intent
Authors: Aleman Ricardo S. , Delarca Ruiz Franklin , Pournaki Shirin Kazemzadeh , Marcia Jhunior , Montero Ismael , Rueda‐Robles Ascensión , Borrás‐Linares Isabel , Lozano‐Sánchez Jesus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor thousands of years, sodium chloride (NaCl) has been used as a preservative and flavor enhancer. In the organism, NaCl plays a role in nerve functions, osmotic pressure, and nutrient absorption. However, high consumption of NaCl could lead to health issues, such as hypertension and heart‐related problems. For these reasons, potassium chloride (KCl) has been considered a salt substitute in foods, but KCl could be limited to food matrixes because of its unwanted bitterness and metallic aftertaste. As a result, the objective of this study was to analyze KCl‐reduced‐sodium roasted chicken in physical/technological characteristics, KCl‐seasoning mixture, consumer perception, liking, emotions, and purchase intent (PI). An extreme vertice mixture design decided granulated garlic (74.09%), black pepper (9.95%), smoked paprika (14.47%), and KCl (1.39%) ratio of good seasoning‐KCl mixture for roasted chicken based on sensory attributes used on the desirability function methodology. After optimizing the KCl‐seasoning blend, NaCl/KCl replacement levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were established and evaluated consumer perception, liking, emotions, and PI. Adding 25% and 50% of KCl showed no significant (p > 0.05) impact on the sensory attributes. Likewise, PI significantly (p < 0.05) increased when utilizing 25% and 50% of KCl after panelists received information about sodium health risks (SHR). Regarding emotional responses, unsafe and worried significantly (p < 0.05) decreased among the highest KCl replacement levels (75% and 100%) after panelists obtained the SHR. Overall liking, gender, age, salt user, and positive emotional responses (satisfied and pleased) were decisive predictors concerning PI among panelists.
Exosomal GPT2 derived from triple‐negative breast cancer cells promotes metastasis by activating BTRC
Authors: Cui Mingqing , Peng Jiawei , Zhou Yuanyuan , Wang Xixi , Cui Daxiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere have been reports of increased glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) expression in certain cancers including breast cancer. Although the role of GPT2 as a metabolic enzyme is well understood in breast cancer progression, little is known about the other roles of GPT2, especially exosomal GPT2.MethodsBT549 and BT474 Cells were cultured and their exosomes were isolated by using ultracentrifugation. Cells migrated through the membrane were stained with crystal violet, and then were observed by microscope. Total RNA was extracted from culture cells and transcribed into cDNA, quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of ICAM1, VCAM1, and MMP9 using SYBR Green qPCR Mix with a 7500 Fast Real‐time PCR system. Western blot was used to detect the gene expression of p‐lkBa and TSG101 and GPT2 in breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of GPT2 and BTRC in cancer cells, animal models loaded with metastasis breast cancer cells were established via tail vein injections. Interaction between GPT2 and BTRC in breast cancer cells was investigated via Co‐immunoprecipitation.ResultsGPT2 was up‐regulated in TNBC. Exosomes were isolated effectively from TNBC cells, and confirmed that GPT2 was overexpressed inexosomes. QRT‐PCR showed that mRNA expression levels of ICAM1, VCAM1, and MMP9 in TNBC were high. Exosomal GPT2 derived from TNBC enhanced migration and invasion of breast cancer via in vitro cell experiment and in vivo animal model experiment. Exosomal GPT2 binds with BTRC to degrade p‐lkBa, and improved metastasis of breast cancer cells.ConclusionWe demonstrated that GPT2 was upregulated in TNBC as well as in exosomes derived from triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. GPT2 expression was associated with the malignancy of breast cancer and promoted metastasis of breast cancer cells. Moreover, exosomal GPT2 derived from TNBC cells was verified to increase the capacity of breast cancer cells to metastasize through activating beta‐transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (BTRC). This suggested that exosomal GPT2 may be useful for breast cancer patients as a potential biomarker and treatment target.
Long‐term outcomes in COVID‐19 patients admitted to intensive care in Denmark: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Meier Nick , Perner Anders , Plovsing Ronni , Christensen Steffen , Poulsen Lone M. , Brøchner Anne C. , Rasmussen Bodil S. , Helleberg Marie , Jensen Jens U. S. , Andersen Lars P. K. , Siegel Hanna , Ibsen Michael , Jørgensen Vibeke L. , Winding Robert , Iversen Susanne , Pedersen Henrik P. , Sølling Christoffer , Garcia Ricardo S. , Michelsen Jens , Mohr Thomas , Michagin George , Espelund Ulrick S. , Bundgaard Helle , Kirkegaard Lynge , Smitt Margit , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Buck David L. , Ribergaard Niels‐Erik , Pedersen Helle S. , Toft Mette Helene , Jonassen Trine B. , Mølgaard Nielsen Frederik , Madsen Emilie K. , Haberlandt Trine N. , Bredahl Louise Sophie , Haase Nicolai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmong ICU patients with COVID‐19, it is largely unknown how the overall outcome and resource use have changed with time, different genetic variants, and vaccination status.MethodsFor all Danish ICU patients with COVID‐19 from March 10, 2020 to March 31, 2022, we manually retrieved data on demographics, comorbidities, vaccination status, use of life support, length of stay, and vital status from medical records. We compared patients based on the period of admittance and vaccination status and described changes in epidemiology related to the Omicron variant.ResultsAmong all 2167 ICU patients with COVID‐19, 327 were admitted during the first (March 10–19, 2020), 1053 during the second (May 20, 2020 to June 30, 2021) and 787 during the third wave (July 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022). We observed changes over the three waves in age (median 72 vs. 68 vs. 65 years), use of invasive mechanical ventilation (81% vs. 58% vs. 51%), renal replacement therapy (26% vs. 13% vs. 12%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (7% vs. 3% vs. 2%), duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (median 13 vs. 13 vs. 9 days) and ICU length of stay (median 13 vs. 10 vs. 7 days). Despite these changes, 90‐day mortality remained constant (36% vs. 35% vs. 33%). Vaccination rates among ICU patients were 42% as compared to 80% in society. Unvaccinated versus vaccinated patients were younger (median 57 vs. 73 years), had less comorbidity (50% vs. 78%), and had lower 90‐day mortality (29% vs. 51%). Patient characteristics changed significantly after the Omicron variant became dominant including a decrease in the use of COVID‐specific pharmacological agents from 95% to 69%.ConclusionsIn Danish ICUs, the use of life support declined, while mortality seemed unchanged throughout the three waves of COVID‐19. Vaccination rates were lower among ICU patients than in society, but the selected group of vaccinated patients admitted to the ICU still had very severe disease courses. When the Omicron variant became dominant a lower fraction of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients received COVID treatment indicating other causes for ICU admission.
Volumetry of ovine incisors dental pulp for further regenerative therapy
Authors: Ems Guillaume , Severino Leandra , Nisolle Jean‐François , Nicaise Charles , Lambrichts Ivo , LoMonaco Melissa , Bronckaers Annelies , Hontoir Fanny , Vandeweerd Jean‐Michel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used for regenerative therapy. Dental pulp MSCs make extracted wisdom teeth a useful resource in humans. Preclinical validation of regenerative therapies requires large animal models such as the sheep. Since stem cells can be retrieved from the dental pulp of ovine incisors, the best age to extract a maximal volume of dental pulp needs to be defined. The objective of this ex vivo study was to quantify incisors dental pulp volume, in sheep of various age. Three jaws were dedicated to histology (one per age group); the others were imaged with a computed tomography scanner [3 years‐old (n = 9), 4 (n = 3) and 6 (n = 5)]. The incisors dental pulp volume was measured after 3D reconstruction. Multiple linear regression showed that dental pulp volume of ovine incisors decreases with age (β‐estimate = −3.3; p < 0.0001) and teeth position from the more central to the more lateral (β‐estimate = −4.9; p = 0.0009). Weight was not a relevant variable in the regression model. The dental pulp volume ranged from 36.7 to 19.6 mm3 in 3‐year‐old sheep, from 23.6 to 11.3 in 4‐year‐old sheep, and from 19.4 to 11.5 in 6‐year‐old sheep. The pulp volume of the most central teeth (first intermediate) was significantly higher than the most lateral teeth (corner). Haematoxylin–Eosin–Safran of the whole incisors, and of isolated dental pulps demonstrated a similar morphology to that in humans. The first intermediate incisor of 3‐year‐old sheep should be selected preferentially in preclinical research to retrieve the highest volume of dental pulp.
Afterbirth oral fluid secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor decreased in acute histologic chorioamnionitis in preterm birth
Authors: Choi Soo Ran , Choi Suk Jin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSecretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is an innate anti‐inflammatory and anti‐microbial peptide and produced in amnion of fetal membranes during pregnancy. However, studies on the association between SLPI levels in amniotic fluid and acute chorioamnionitis are limited. Afterbirth oral fluid (AOF) of the baby could be useful for representing the intra‐amniotic environment precisely just before delivery. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SLPI levels in AOF and acute histologic chorioamnionitis (HC).MethodsAOF of the baby was obtained during delivery from 24(0/7) to 36(6/7) weeks of gestational age (preterm group, n = 94) and from 37(0/7) to 41(6/7) weeks of gestational age (term group, n = 27) just after birth. SLPI expression levels among five classifications were compared to the intensity of acute HC as follows: no inflammation, acute subchorionitis, acute chorionitis, acute chorioamnionitis, and funisits. The SLPI and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) concentrations of AOF were determined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Histologic examination of the placenta and membranes was performed after delivery.ResultsSLPI concentrations in AOF inversely decreased according to the intensity of acute HC (161.62 ng/mL in funisitis, 134.83 ng/mL in acute chorioamnionitis, 749.35 ng/mL in acute chorionitis, 953.05 ng/mL in acute subchorionitis, and 1126.77 ng/mL in no inflammation [p = .021]). The MMP‐8 concentrations in AOF and maternal serum C‐reactive protein were the highest in funisitis. The SLPI/ MMP‐8 ratio was low in subgroup with acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis.ConclusionAlong with increased MMP‐8 levels, decreased SLPI levels in AOF of the baby could be an additional factor in predicting acute HC immediately after birth.