bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation of Calcite in a Rock Fracture
Authors: Asem P. , Detournay E. , Guzina B. , Labuz J. F. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
A promising technology for permanently storing CO2 in the subsurface is through mineralization in mafic (e.g. basalt) and ultramafic (e.g. peridotite) rock, which are abundant in the earth's upper crust. Indeed, recent field experiments in Iceland and Washington State have demonstrated the ability of trapping carbon in mineral form by injecting CO2-charged water in the subsurface. One key question to be addressed in assessing this technology is whether the mineral replacement resulting from the combined dissolution / precipitation process will either clog the pore space or induce cracking that will expose fresh mineral surfaces to, and provide new pathways for, the reactive fluid. In other words, is the process self-limiting (clogging) or self-sustaining (cracking)? To explore this question, we designed a suite of experiments that involves injecting a solution supersaturated with respect to calcite in a rock fracture. The mixture was injected via a central hole drilled in a granite block that was fractured hydraulically. The paper reports on preliminary results of the precipitation of calcite on fracture surfaces, and resulting changes in fluid flow and fracture aperture.

INTRODUCTION
One option to reduce the release of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere is the capture and storage of CO2 in geologic formations (Orr 2009). Although sequestration of CO2 via structural trapping in fluid-saturated porous sedimentary rock has gained much interest in the recent years, maintaining seal integrity remains a persistent issue (Benson and Cole 2008). To resolve problems associated with conventional methods for CO2 geologic storage (e.g. structural trapping; solubility trapping), permanent storage of CO2 as thermodynamically stable carbonate minerals has been suggested (Seifritz 1990; Kelemen and Matter 2008), where CO2-charged fluid is injected in Mg- and Ca-rich silicate rock. The carbon is fixed as MgCO3 or CaCO3
(Equation)
Sustainable and large-scale storage of CO2 in geologic formations by mineralization (Equation 1), however, requires (i) continuous circulation of CO2-charged fluid in the rock mass, and (ii) access to fresh minerals enabling dissolution and precipitation to move forward. Potential clogging of the fracture network through vein formation, therefore, can pose significant limitations to carbon mineralization. Understanding the process of vein formation and whether a sufficiently permeable fracture network can be maintained over time by the pressure that growing crystals exert on the crack walls (Taber 1916; Rothrock 1925; Durney and Ramsay 1973; Wiltschco and Morse 2001) is an important question that should be addressed.
Natural Fracture Pattern Development Using 3D Coupled Numerical Model: Mechanics and Diagenesis
Authors: Lee B. T. , Olson J. E. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In the earth's crust, while tectonic processes can mechanically create natural fractures, cementation can simultaneously grow on the surfaces of the fractures. This crystallization can affect the growth of the fractures. To more accurately address the modeling of natural fracture development, both mechanical deformation and chemical diagenesis should be carried out in an integrated manner. We achieve this with a three-dimensional (3D) simulator that couples mechanical and chemical processes for natural fracture pattern development in layer confined situations. Tectonic loading over geologic time is mimicked by displacement driven boundary conditions in a 3D displacement discontinuity method (DDM) scheme. Quartz diagenesis competes with mechanical fracture opening, resulting in three different cementation conditions - open, bridging or fully infilled – which define fracture element stiffness that is used as feedback within the 3D-DDM code during propagation. An important milestone of this work is that this coupled structural diagenetic model can reproduce power-law aperture population statistics which cannot be generated using mechanics alone. More accurately estimated mechanical fracture apertures and their cementation condition is a critical step toward better permeability estimation and fluid path analysis for subsurface reservoirs.

INTRODUCTION
Natural fractures are important to characterize for many purposes, such as stimulation of unconventional shale reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery methods in tight carbonates, and the design of geothermal injection operations, among others. The presence of open fractures may be critical for low permeability formations because the fracture network could be a highway for fluid flow. Additionally, the existence of natural fractures may augment permeability arising from hydraulic fracturing operations (e.g., Weisenberger et al., 2019). Observation of subsurface fracture systems is inherently challenging (e.g., Laubach et al., 2019), so subsurface reservoir characterization often relies heavily on models. While stochastic-based modeling studies using discrete fracture network (DFN) are widely used, models that account for the physics and chemistry of pattern development have many additional potential benefits (Laubach et al., 2019).
Subsurface Characterization Using Bayesian Deep Generative Prior-Based Inverse Modeling for Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System
Authors: Bao Jichao , Lee Jonghyun , Yoon Hongkyu , Pyrak-Nolte Laura 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION
For the subsurface inverse problem (Carrera et al., 2005; McLaughlin and Townley, 1996; Oliver et al., 2008), spatially distributed geologic parameters such as permeability and porosity are estimated from noisy and sparse hydrogeophysical and geomechanical measurements such as pressure, temperature, displacement, seismic responses, and so on. Due to ill-posedness in the inverse problem, probabilistic frameworks have been implemented in order to account for the uncertainty that provides both unknown subsurface parameters and their corresponding uncertainty in a Bayesian statistical framework (e.g., Kitanidis, 1995, 2010; Lee et al., 2016). Typically pressure measurements from injection-extraction well operations are used for the site characterization, but unless many injection/extraction/observation wells are available, the subsurface characterization with sparse pressure measurements leads to poor predictions of other relevant quantities such as heat transport. To overcome this issue, different sensing data can be used for joint inversion of pressure, temperature, displacement, and seismicity to identify the subsurface geologic connectivity during the geothermal energy recovery operations (Lee et al., 2018)
Still, one of the challenges in subsurface characterization is to identify highly heterogeneous permeability fields such as geothermal reservoirs with fracture networks. For such cases, traditional techniques using the Gaussian prior lead to smoothed, low-resolution images of subsurface properties with high estimation uncertainty due to the diffusive nature of the governing equations. Machine learning techniques such as deep generative models (Kang et al., 2022, 2021; Yoon et al., 2022; Kadeethum et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2021) have been actively studied to enforce the subsurface solution space on the relevant prior distribution constructed through multipoint geostatistics-based training images.
In this work, we present an application of a recent inverse modeling method based on the deep generative model for characterizing the geothermal site at a reduced computational cost with improved accuracy compared to traditional inversion. The multiphysics model MOOSE-FALCON (Podgorney et al., 2021) for simulating THM processes at the geothermal site is combined with our proposed variational latent space inversion method. A synthetic application with pressure and heat data is considered in this work for a two-dimensional, strongly heterogeneous geothermal site. Inversion of synthetic pumping tests is performed to show the usefulness and practicality of the proposed approach for geothermal site characterization with reasonable accuracy. We will incorporate the geomechanical data to improve the accuracy of the inversion in the near future.
Produced Fluid Induced Mineralogy and Elemental Alterations of Caney Shale, Southern Oklahoma
Authors: Awejori G. A. , Xiong F. , Katende A. , Radonjic M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
This study involves batch reactor experiments and subsequent analyses of samples from Caney Shale in the Ardmore Basin of South-Central Oklahoma. Samples include mainly rock cores and cuttings recovered from two wells respectively drilled vertically through and horizontally across the Caney Shale. Mineralogical compositions are obtained by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements whilst microstructure and elemental distribution are acquired by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) respectively. Batch experiments are then conducted using selected rock samples and produced fluid from the Caney Formation. Deionized water is also reacted with some samples to serve as standard. Experiments are conducted at 95°C and ambient pressure for 7 and 30 days to assess the geochemical rock-fluid interactions.
Results show rock mineralogical compositions are predominantly quartz, feldspar, carbonates, and clay with minor pyrite. Post-experimental mineralogical changes observed in samples include increased amorphous entities especially within the clay portions of XRD plots and dissolution of feldspar and carbonate minerals and formation of new mineral phases, mostly clays and salts. These are corroborated by EDS elemental analyses which show decreased elemental compositions. The implications of reactions mentioned above include but not limited to, scale formation, clay fines migration and shale softening all of which pose significant permeability impairment on formation over time.

INTRODUCTION
Shale reservoirs account for a large share of unconventional reservoirs in the world (Lyu et al., 2015). However, ultra-low permeability and high clay compositions pose significant challenges when producing from these reservoirs (Dawuda and Srinivasan, 2022, 2023). Producing from these reservoirs therefore requires horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies which have proven their efficacy in generating substantial permeability in reservoirs to ensure production (Fujian et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2018). Even after expensive horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, geochemical reactions between engineered fluids and formation leads to fracture constriction and adversely impact petrophysical properties (permeability and porosity) of the reservoir. These technologies are therefore under constant development and improvement in various aspects to ensure fine tuning for specific reservoirs. Under present conditions, much of the hydrocarbon reserves in unconventional shale reservoirs are left unproduced due to rapid decline in permeability following resumption to production after hydraulic fracturing. It is therefore essential to understand the range of geochemical reactions that cause rapid depletion of permeability after hydraulic fracturing and apply these to each shale reservoir to ensure substantial recovery rates.
Integrated Investigations on the Refracturing Process in Tight Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Ruan Qi , Peng Huanhuan , Yang Lu , Tang Huiying , Zhao Yulong 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Refracturing is one of the most effective methods to solve the problem of rapid production decline and low recovery in tight oil reservoirs, especially in the late production stage. The decrease of pore pressure and changes of in-situ stresses during early production might result in inefficient refracturing due to the high leak-off or fracture reorientation. Thus, the volume and timing of fluid injection is important for the effectiveness of refracturing. To properly predict the geometries of re-fractured hydraulic fracture, it is necessary to consider both the stresses and pore pressure changes before refracturing. For Changqing oil field, both new and existing fractures are fractured during the refracturing process. It is also important to understand which kind of fractures should be re-fractured to bring greater production improvement. To investigate the above problems, an integrated simulation procedure is conducted to optimize the refracturing processes, which couples the initial fracturing, production, refracturing and post production after refracturing with a 4D geomechanical model. The comparisons between fracturing existing and new fractures, and optimal fluid injected volume are discussed. According to the 4D geomechanical model results, after the initial fracturing and production, the pressure around the hydraulic fractures is gradually recovered with fluids injection. When the amount of fluid injected is increased to 400 m3 per 100 meters, the pressure can be well recovered and the pressure depletion during the well shut-in process is small. Moreover, for the area with high remaining oil saturation after liquid injection, it is beneficial to select the old perforations with good pressure and stress recovery and perforate new fractures in the well section without obvious stress variations to improve the efficiency of refracturing. The integrated numerical simulation of the refracturing can provide important guidance for the future designs of refracturing in tight oil wells.

INTRODUCTIONF
After a period of production in oil and gas wells, a pressure depletion zone will gradually form around the hydraulic fractures, which will change the magnitude and orientation of in-situ stresses and even inverse the direction of minimum and maximum horizontal stresses. The decrease of pore pressure could results in the loss of fracture conductivity, resulting in rapid decline of oil production (Yi and Sharma, 2016). Refracturing, which injects a large volume of fluid into the depleted reservoir again, can effectively supplement the pressure depletion, increase the fracture complexity and conductivity, hence maintaining the stable production of oil wells.(Shah et al, 2017 and Ren et al, 2020)
Typically, three kinds of stimulation strategies are used for fractured wells to enhance the production, including direct refracturing, huff and puff and fluids injection before refracturing.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA SWALAYAN SURYA DI SUKABUMI BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Putri Ariza Karina 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty at Surya Supermarkets in Sukabumi, Bandar Lampung. Furthermore, the data collection technique used in this study was a sampling technique taken by a set number of 50 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and hypothesis testing. In this study the researchers used the t test method and the Coefficient of Determination test with the help of the SmartPLS3 program. Based on the table of test results for the coefficient of determination test, the magnitude of R Square (R2) is 0.700. These results indicate that 70% indicates that the variable service quality and customer satisfaction, the customer loyalty variable is 70%. The results show that the variable Quality of Service with Customer Loyalty shows a path coefficient value of 0.247 with a t value of 2.804. This value is greater than t table (0.60). This result means that Service Quality has a positive and significant relationship to Customer Loyalty. And the results of the second test show that the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty variables shows a path coefficient value of 0.638 with a t value of 6.517. This value is greater than t table (0.60). This result means that Customer Satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on Customer Loyalty Performance. Keywords : Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Loyality
PENGEMBANGAN WIRAUSAHA DAN GREEN ECONOMY DI INDONESIA
Authors: Efrenza Muhamad Aldo 
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine Entrepreneurial Development and Green Economy in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data. Furthermore, the method used is this research using analytic observational research using a case control or case control research design. This research is included in the type of research that uses a qualitative approach and the analysis in this study is included in the type of descriptive research. Descriptive research seeks to describe, write, and report a situation, an object or an event as it is, and in the form of disclosing facts. Research containing entrepreneurship for environmental interests needs to be implemented in the business competition law system in Indonesia for various reasons, namely to reduce the adverse effects of climate change in Indonesia, increase and promote Green Economy in business transactions in Indonesia, provide legal certainty and legal benefits to companies and stakeholders who want to make agreements that prioritize green economy. Keywords : Entrepreneur, and Green Economy
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Pengelolaan Perkantoran Di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang
Authors: Nisak Zahrotun , Aziz Abdullah Aminuddin 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan agar mengetahui Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Pengelolaan Perkantoran Di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Untuk memperoleh data peneliti menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Adapun Hasil dari Penelitian yang dilakukan di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang bahwa 1). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang yang pertama adalah dengan selalu menerapkan rasa nilai kejujuran, disiplin, tepat waktu serta bekerjasama dalam bekerja. Yang kedua, untuk perekrutan yang dilakukan di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang dengan cara membuat pemberitahuan open rekrutmen yang disebarkan melalui media sosial, sedangkan seleksi di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang melihat dari kualifikasi pendidikan dan juga kemampuannya. Yang ketiga, pegawai atau staff yang ada di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang juga diharuskan untuk selalu mengikuti seminar serta workshop yang dilakukan oleh yayasan maupun dari lembaga lain. Yang keempat, motivasi yang diberikan kepada staff ataupun pegawai yang ada di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang berupa penghargaan, ucapan terima kasih, ucapan semangat serta pujian. 2). Pengelolaan perkantoran di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang meliputi perencanaan, dengan cara tinggal menjalankan program kerja yang sudah ditentukan diawal tahun. Pengorganisasian dilakukan dengan cara briefing atau diberi arahan jika selama 1 semester hasil kinerja staff memuaskan maka ditetapkan staff tersebut untuk dijadikan pegawai tetap. Selanjutnya Pergerakan, yang dilakukan di madrasah aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang dengan cara tetap menjalin dan membangun komunikasi yang baik antar staff dan pimpinan. Yang terakhir pengendalian, dengan cara evaluasi. 3). Manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam pengelolaan perkantoran di madrasah aliyah Al-Bairuny Jombang yang pertama tetap mengedepankan kejujuran, bekerjasama serta bertanggungjawab bersama, yang kedua dalam hal
Analisis Minat Belajar Mahasiswa Terhadap Penggunaan Google Classroom Pada Matakuliah Matematika Diskrit
Authors: Pujilestari Pujilestari , Juliangkary Eliska 
Published: September 2023

minat belajar adalah perasaan ketertarikan dan rasa lebih suka seseorang yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi dalam melakukan aktivitas tertentu sehingga dalam menghadapi masalah tanpa paksaan dari luar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan minat belajar mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan Google Classroom pada matakuliah Matematika Diskrit. Pada penelitian ini metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitan kualitatif deskriptif. Dilakukan pada semester ganjil tahun akademik 2020/2021 pada Mahasiswa semester V matakuliah Matematika Diskrit sebanyak 34 orang, Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika. Instrumen yang digunakan ini adalah kuisioner/angket berupa Google Form. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa minat belajar mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan Google Classroom pada matakuliah Matematika Diskrit secara keseluruhan Sangat baik. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan data berikut indikator 1) Adanya perasaan senang terhadap pembelajaran sebesar 82% menunjukkan kriteria Sangat Baik. 2). Adanya pemusatan perhatian dan pikiran terhadap pembelajaran sebesar 84% menunjukkan kriteria Sangat Baik. 3). Adanya kemauan untuk belajar sebesar 79% menunjukkan kriteria Baik. 4). Adanya kemauan dari dalam diri untuk aktif belajar sebesar 81% menunjukkan kriteria Sangat Baik. 5) Adanya upaya yang dilakukan untuk merealisasikan keinginan untuk belajar sebesar 76% menunjukkan kriteria Baik.
Pengaruh Model Latihan Senam Kesegaran Jasmani Terhadap Peningkatan Kebugaran Siswa Kelas Vii Smpn 8 Mataram
Authors: Hasbi Hasbi , Mulyan Andi 
Published: September 2023

Tujuan Umum dari penelitian ini adalah ‘’untuk mengetahui apakah model latihan senam kesegaran jasmani dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kebugaran siswa kelas VII SMPN 8 Mataram tahun ajaran 2022/2023.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yaitu penelitian yang dilaku-kan untuk mengetahui nilai variabel mandiri, baik satu variabel atau lebih (independen). Berdasarkan analisis data diatas maka dapat disimpukan bahwa,model latihan senam kesegaran jasmani dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kebugaran siswa kelas VII SMPN 8 Mataram tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Terbukti dengan Hasil Observasi Tindakan Senam Kesegaran Jasmani dengan rata-rata Baik.
gouvernance financière des cryptomonnaies en Afrique
Authors: FOTSO KAMGA Marius , BANKOLE Emmanuel 
Published: September 2023

Objet : Montrer dans quelle mesure la taxe peut constituer un instrument de contrôle des cryptomonnaies à disposition des autorités monétaires et financières.
Méthodologie : En s’appuyant sur un modèle théorique qui reprend le fonctionnement d’un contrat implicite (Milgrom, 1997), la méthodologie de cet article a consisté en la résolution d’un jeu de gouvernance entre les autorités financières et les plateformes de cryptomonnaies.
Résultats : Un prélèvement monétaire au moment de la conversion des cryptomonnaies en monnaies légales constitue un moyen pour les banques centrales de contrôler efficacement les cryptomonnaies, en raison notamment du refus des plateformes de cryptomonnaies de partager les informations relatives aux transactions effectuées. De plus, une coordination des autorités publiques, financières et bancaires est essentielle pour une réduction des transactions illicites et une sécurisation des échanges.
Originalité : Elle réside dans l’approche méthodologique retenue. En effet, le recours à la modélisation théorique du jeu de gouvernance constitue une nouvelle approche jusqu’à présent très peu adoptée dans les travaux relatifs à l’analyse de la gouvernance financière des cryptomonnaies.
The 5σ-confidence level: how much chemistry achieves this?
Authors: Rzepa Henry 
Published: September 2023

I was lucky enough to attend the announcement made in 2012 of the discovery of the Higgs Boson. It consisted of a hour-long talk mostly about statistics, and how the particle physics community can only claim a discovery when their data has achieved a 5σ confidence level. This represents a 1 in 3.5 million probability of the result occurring by chance. I started thinking: how much chemistry is asserted at that level of confidence?
Supporting information: chemical graveyard or invaluable resource for chemical structures.
Authors: Rzepa Henry 
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, data supporting most publications relating to the synthesis of organic compounds is more likely than not to be found in associated
<em>
“supporting information
</em>
“ rather than the (often page limited) article itself. For example, this article[cite]10.1021/jacs.6b13229[/cite] has an SI which is paginated at 907;