bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More than meets the eye: characterizing the cryptic species complex and Symbiodiniaceae communities in the reef-dwelling nudibranch Pteraeolidia ‘semperi’ (Nudibranchia: Aeolidioidea) from Singapore
Authors: Soon Nathaniel , Quek Z B Randolph , Pohl Sebastian , Wainwright Benjamin J 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The advent of molecular systematics has revolutionized our knowledge of biodiversity, revealing undiscovered cryptic lineages across the tree of life. Correspondingly, an increasing number of nudibranch species complexes have been found and described through integrative taxonomic approaches. Pteraeolidia ‘semperi’ (Nudibranchia: Cladobranchia: Aeolidioidea) presently represents a species complex, possessing ambiguous systematics and an underestimated diversity. Sequencing and phylogenetic reconstructions based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I marker from 48 samples of P. ‘semperi’ collected from Singapore's southern waters, as well as morphological analyses including scanning electron microscopy of the radula, suggest that P. ‘semperi’ comprises several distinct cryptic lineages. We further characterized the Symbiodiniaceae communities of P. ‘semperi’ from Singapore using metabarcoding of the internal transcribed spacer 2 gene. Pteraeolidia ‘semperi’ from Singapore was found to predominantly host Cladocopium and Durusdinium symbionts, and was significantly structured by biogeography. This study elucidates the present taxonomic diversity of P. ‘semperi’ in Singapore and contributes to the growing body of work on the diversity of algal symbionts associated with this enigmatic taxon.
Advancing Rehabilitation Paradigms for Older Adults in Skilled Nursing Facilities: An Effectiveness-Implementation Hybrid Type 1 Clinical Trial Protocol
Authors: Beisheim-Ryan Emma H , Butera Katie A , Hinrichs Lauren A , Derlein Danielle L , Malone Daniel J , Holtrop Jodi S , Forster Jeri E , Diedrich Donna , Gustavson Allison M , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Skilled nursing facility rehabilitation is commonly required to address hospital-associated deconditioning among older adults with medical complexity. In skilled nursing facilities, standard-of-care rehabilitation focuses on low-intensity interventions, which are not designed to sufficiently challenge skeletal muscle and impart functional improvements. In contrast, a high-intensity resistance training approach (IntenSive Therapeutic Rehabilitation for Older NursinG homE Residents; i-STRONGER) in a single-site pilot study resulted in better physical function among patients in skilled nursing facilities. To extend this work, an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 design, cluster-randomized trial will be conducted to compare patient outcomes between 16 skilled nursing facilities utilizing i-STRONGER principles and 16 Usual Care sites.

Methods
Clinicians at i-STRONGER sites will be trained to deliver i-STRONGER as a standard of care using an implementation package that includes a clinician training program. Clinicians at Usual Care sites will continue to provide usual care. Posttraining, changes in physical performance (eg, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery scores) from patients’ admission to discharge will be collected over a period of 12 months. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework will be used to evaluate i-STRONGER effectiveness and factors underlying successful i-STRONGER implementation. Effectiveness will be evaluated by comparing changes in physical function between study arms. Reach (proportion of patients treated with i-STRONGER), adoption (proportion of clinicians utilizing i-STRONGER), implementation (i-STRONGER fidelity), and maintenance (i-STRONGER sustainment) will be concurrently quantified and informed by clinician surveys and focus groups.

Impact
This effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 cluster-randomized trial has the potential to shift rehabilitation care paradigms in a nationwide network of skilled nursing facilities, resulting in improved patient outcomes and functional independence. Furthermore, evaluation of the facilitators of, and barriers to, implementation of i-STRONGER in real-world clinical settings will critically inform future work evaluating and implementing best rehabilitation practices in skilled nursing facilities.
Coloniality in science diplomacy—evidence from the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Polejack Andrei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ocean science diplomacy stands for the social phenomena resulting from the interaction of science and diplomacy in ocean affairs. It refers, inter alia, to the provision of scientific evidence in support of international decision-making, the building of alliances through scientific cooperation, and the enhancement of international collaborative marine research. Despite this generalization, we still lack an understanding of the sense practitioners make of ocean science diplomacy. This paper reports on perceptions of ocean science diplomacy collected through twenty in-depth interviews with South and North Atlantic government officials and researchers involved in the All-Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance. In principle, interviewees perceive ocean science diplomacy as a positive and critically important phenomenon that combines the best of science and diplomacy. However, below this generally positive perception, there seems to be a polarization of power between science and policy and also between South and North Atlantic perspectives. Scientists have reported feeling suspicious of policymaking processes, while officials portray science as unaccountable and segregated from policy. South Atlantic researchers expressed concern over limited research capabilities, and officials reported an openness to the scientific evidence presented by scientists. Northern interviewees, with reported enhanced research capabilities, seem more inclined to search for the right scientific evidence in support of national political goals. A preconceived sense of the other is what seems to permeate South–North Atlantic relationships. Northern subjects make sense of their Southern peers as those in need of assistance, while Southern interviewees claimed being unheard and victims of tokenism. I discuss these findings in light of postcolonial and decolonial theories, advocating for the need to decolonize ocean science diplomacy in the Atlantic Ocean if we are to achieve its alluded benefits.
Arbitration in trust disputes under Israeli law
Authors: Kaplan Alon , Liberman Meytal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article first reviews key issues in Israeli arbitration law, and then discusses the Israeli trust and its creation modalities. It then focuses on the validity of arbitration agreements with respect to trust disputes under Israeli law by reviewing the relevant case law. In this context, the article distinguishes between commercial trusts set up by contract, charitable trusts and trusts set up as estate planning instruments. The article goes on to highlight the difficulty of imposing arbitration on beneficiaries of a trust, and finally concludes.
Coupling the H295R with ERα and AR U2OS CALUX assays enables simultaneous testing for estrogenic, anti-androgenic and steroidogenic modalities
Authors: Nikopaschou Martha S , Félix Alexandre , Mollergues Julie , Scholz Gabriele , Schilter Benoit , Marin-Kuan Maricel , Fussell Karma C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Endocrine active substances, including steroidogenesis modulators, have received increased attention. The in vitro H295R steroidogenesis assay (OECD TG 456) is commonly used to test for this modality. However, current detection methods often fail to capture alterations to estrogen biosynthesis. The present study explored the potential of ERα and AR CALUX bioassays to serve as a detection system for the original H295R assay, as they can quantify lower hormone concentrations and can simultaneously provide information about estrogen- and androgen-receptor activities. Using substances from the original OECD validation study, we obtained lowest observed effect concentrations for steroidogenesis mostly equivalent to those previously reported and sometimes lower for estrogen biosynthesis. However, categorization of many of these substances as receptor (ant)agonists or disruptors of steroidogenesis was difficult because often substances had both modalities, including some where the receptor-mediated activities were identified at concentrations below those triggering steroidogenic effects. When the leading activity was not accounted for, H295R-CALUX assay sensitivity in comparison to the OECD validation study was 0.50 for androgen and 0.78 for estrogen biosynthesis. However, upon reinterpretation of the combined assay results to identify endocrine activities without regard to the modality or direction of effects, assay sensitivity was equal to 1.00. These proof-of-concept study findings indicate the high relevance of this assay for the identification of endocrine active substances with additional valuable mode-of-action information and the capacity to detect smaller changes in estrogen biosynthesis, suggesting that the coupled H295R-CALUX assay has promise for the analysis of samples in a decision-making context.
Immediate Norepinephrine in Endotoxic Shock: Effects on Regional and Microcirculatory Flow*
Authors: Ospina-Tascón Gustavo A. , Aldana José L. , García Marín Alberto F. , Calderón-Tapia Luis E. , Marulanda Angela , Escobar Elena P. , García-Gallardo Gustavo , Orozco Nicolás , Velasco María I. , Ríos Edwin , De Backer Daniel , Hernández Glenn , Bakker Jan 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the effects of immediate start of norepinephrine versus initial fluid loading followed by norepinephrine on macro hemodynamics, regional splanchnic and intestinal microcirculatory flows in endotoxic shock.

DESIGN:
Animal experimental study.

SETTING:
University translational research laboratory.

SUBJECTS:
Fifteen Landrace pigs.

INTERVENTIONS:
Shock was induced by escalating dose of lipopolysaccharide. Animals were allocated to immediate start of norepinephrine (i-NE) (n = 6) versus mandatory 1-hour fluid loading (30 mL/kg) followed by norepinephrine (i-FL) (n = 6). Once mean arterial pressure greater than or equal to 75 mm Hg was, respectively, achieved, successive mini-fluid boluses of 4 mL/kg of Ringer Lactate were given whenever: a) arterial lactate greater than 2.0 mmol/L or decrease less than 10% per 30 min and b) fluid responsiveness was judged to be positive. Three additional animals were used as controls (Sham) (n = 3). Time × group interactions were evaluated by repeated-measures analysis of variance.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Hypotension was significantly shorter in i-NE group (7.5 min [5.5–22.0 min] vs 49.3 min [29.5–60.0 min]; p < 0.001). Regional mesenteric and microcirculatory flows at jejunal mucosa and serosa were significantly higher in i-NE group at 4 and 6 hours after initiation of therapy (p = 0.011, p = 0.032, and p = 0.017, respectively). Misdistribution of intestinal microcirculatory blood flow at the onset of shock was significantly reversed in i-NE group (p < 0.001), which agreed with dynamic changes in mesenteric-lactate levels (p = 0.01) and venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide differences (p = 0.001). Animals allocated to i-NE showed significantly higher global end-diastolic volumes (p = 0.015) and required significantly less resuscitation fluids (p < 0.001) and lower doses of norepinephrine (p = 0.001) at the end of the experiment. Pulmonary vascular permeability and extravascular lung water indexes were significantly lower in i-NE group (p = 0.021 and p = 0.004, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
In endotoxemic shock, immediate start of norepinephrine significantly improved regional splanchnic and intestinal microcirculatory flows when compared with mandatory fixed-dose fluid loading preceding norepinephrine. Immediate norepinephrine strategy was related with less resuscitation fluids and lower vasopressor doses at the end of the experiment.
Role of virtual reality in improving the spatial perception of the kidney during flexible ureteroscopy: A feasibility study using virtual reality simulators and 3D models
Authors: Talyshinskii Ali , Hameed Bm Zeeshan , Zhanbyrbekuly Ulanbek , Silay Mesrur Selcuk , Naik Nithesh , Shah Milap , Singh Anshuman , Guliev Bakhman , Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Somani Bhaskar Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The aims were to describe a software-based reconstruction of the patient-specific kidney cavity intraluminal appearance via a head-mounted device and to estimate its feasibility for training novices.

Materials and methods
In total, 15 novices were recruited. Each novice was shown a three-dimensional reconstruction of a patient’s computed tomography scan, whose kidney was printed. They then joined the surgeon in the operating room and assisted them in detecting the stone during flexible ureteroscopy on the printed model. Then, each participant did a 7-day virtual reality (VR) study followed by virtual navigation of the printed kidney model and came to the operating room to help the surgeon with ureteroscope navigation. The length of the procedure and the number of attempts to find the targeted calyx were compared.

Results
With VR training, the length of the procedure (p = 0.0001) and the number of small calyces that were incorrectly identified as containing stones were significantly reduced (p = 0.0001). All the novices become highly motivated to improve their endourological skills further. Participants noticed minimal values for nausea and for disorientation. However, oculomotor-related side effects were defined as significant. Five specialists noticed a good similarity between the VR kidney cavity representation and the real picture, strengthening the potential for the novice’s education via VR training.

Conclusions
Virtual reality simulation allowed for improved spatial orientation within the kidney cavity by the novices and could be a valuable option for future endourological training and curricula.
Intra-esophageal Cyst – An Unusual Location of Bronchogenic Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Pham Hiep Van , Tran Thang Manh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A bronchogenic cyst is a congenital anomaly of the foregut, usually located in the lung parenchyma or mediastinum. Paraesophageal bronchogenic cysts are rare and esophageal locations even rarer. We report that a 19-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to dysphagia. Endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography showed results for esophageal leiomyoma, and we performed thoracoscopic resection to enucleate the lesion. Although the cyst was located entirely in the wall of the esophagus, pathological findings revealed an esophageal bronchogenic cyst. The patient was discharged without any problems on postoperative day seven. This case reminded gastrointestinal surgeons about the unusual location of bronchogenic cysts – intra-esophageal – and thoracoscopic enucleation is a safe, less invasive, and practical approach.
Disproportionate increases in alcohol-associated hepatitis incidence in women and individuals of low socioeconomic status: A population-based study using the Rochester epidemiology project database
Authors: Ahn Joseph C. , Wi Chung-Il , Buryska Seth , Sivasubramaniam Priyadharshini , Harmsen William S. , Kamath Patrick S. , Simonetto Douglas A. , Juhn Young , Shah Vijay H. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is among the deadliest liver diseases, but its incidence is poorly defined. The aim of our study was to define the incidence of AH meeting the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism criteria and to identify risk factors for AH.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Rochester epidemiology project database on adult patients hospitalized with AH between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2018. Patients were screened using ICD-9 codes and then included if they met the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism criteria on manual chart review. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, access to care, liver-related complications, and outcomes were obtained. The HOUsing-based index of SocioEconomic status index was used to measure socioeconomic status. Incidence rates were calculated in cases per 100,000 person-years of follow-up.

Results:
Among 204 patients, the cumulative AH incidence was 6.8 per 100,000 person-years. Between 2000–2004 and 2015–2018, AH incidence among males increased from 8.4 to 14.7 per 100,000 py, whereas AH incidence among females increased by 7-fold from 0.8 to 5.9 per 100,000 py. Such increases among females were accompanied by increases in comorbid depression and anxiety. The proportion of patients with AH in the lower socioeconomic status quartiles increased from 62.9% between 2000 and 2004 to 73.3% between 2015 and 2019.

Conclusions:
The incidence of AH is increasing rapidly, especially among females and individuals of lower socioeconomic status. There are areas of unmet need in preventative measures and treatments for comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients at high risk of AH.
Therapeutic visual rehabilitation in a patient with high hyperopia and flat cornea years after radial keratotomy
Authors: Santhiago Marcony R. , Dutra Barbara A.L. , Morgado Claudia R. , Seiler Theo G. , Wendelstein Jascha , Awwad Shady T. , Assaf Jad F. , Ghanem Ramon C. , Ghanem Vinícius C. , Talley Rostov Audrey R. , Wiley William F. 
Published: May 2023

A 51-year-old man was referred for refractive surgery evaluation. Spectacle dependence and poor visual quality in both eyes was his chief complaint. He cannot tolerate contact lenses. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in both eyes. Manifest refraction was +5.25 −2.25 @ 90 (20/40) in the right eye and +6.25 −2.25 @ 105 (20/40) in the left eye.
The patient had a history of radial keratotomy (RK) almost 30 years ago in both eyes and at the slitlamp presented 8 RK incisions, proportionally spaced between one another. All incisions were closed, and there were no relevant signs of scarring. The patient denied any history of ocular trauma, systemic disease, or medications.
Corneal topography with different technologies revealed an irregular pattern with marked central flattening in both eyes, with some points below 30 diopters (D) (Supplemental Figures 1 and 2, available at http://links.lww.com/JRS/A862 and http://links.lww.com/JRS/A863, respectively). There were no signs of cataract, and fundus examination was normal.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye revealed a more homogeneous thickness pattern, little variation between the thinnest and thickest areas, and adequate transparency (Figure 1

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202306000-00018/figure1/v/2023-08-19T002657Z/r/image-tiff

). In the left eye, there is wide variability between the thinnest and thickest stromal points, with annular thinning and central thickening (Figure 2

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202306000-00018/figure2/v/2023-08-19T002657Z/r/image-tiff

). Both eyes show marked epithelial irregularity.
Considering this patient's current ocular status, how would you reach visual rehabilitation? Because he is contact lens intolerant, would you consider surface ablation, for example, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin-C (MMC)? If that were the case, would you think of an optimized or a topography-guided (TG) treatment? Would you immediately consider a corneal transplant option? Would you instead consider a more conservative approach? Which one and why?
COVID-19 and Lifetime Experiences of Trauma, Moral Injury, and Institutional Betrayal Among Healthcare Providers
Authors: DeBeer Bryann B. , Mignogna Joseph , Nance Morgan , Bahraini Nazanin , Penzenik Molly , Brenner Lisa A. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to increase understanding regarding healthcare provider experiences with psychological trauma, moral injury, and institutional betrayal, both over the lifetime and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The study employed a cross-sectional design to understand traumatic experiences, moral injury, and institutional betrayal among medical and mental health providers. Participants were asked to identify an index trauma, and experiences were coded qualitatively using categories for traumatic events, moral injury, and institutional betrayal.

Results
Results revealed that experiences of trauma, moral injury, and institutional betrayal were common in relation to the pandemic, as were prepandemic histories of traumatic exposures. Findings indicate that trauma exposure was a work hazard for healthcare providers during the pandemic, which could result in negative long-term mental health outcomes.

Conclusions
Future research is needed to explore potential long-term negative outcomes among healthcare providers.
The Use and Utility of Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Data from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database in Otology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Davies Camron , Nieri Chad Alexander , Sheyn Anthony , Rangarajan Sanjeet , Yawn Robert J. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
To review otology-related studies using the US Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database to identify the opportunities and limitations of using MAUDE.

Databases Reviewed
PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EMBASE.

Methods
All studies reporting otology-related adverse events extracted from MAUDE were included from June 20, 2002, to 2022. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts, selected articles for exclusion, extracted data, and appraised studies. Critical appraisal was done according to the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for case series.

Results
The search yielded 5,645 studies, of which 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. All eight studies were case series; three evaluated cochlear implants, two evaluated osseointegrated hearing implants, and one evaluated illuminated operating microscope use. Quality assessment revealed all studies to be of poor quality. The most common domains contributing to these ratings included unclear study population, lack of consecutive participants, comparability of participants, clear and consistent outcome measures, and appropriate statistical analysis.

Conclusion
Otology studies using the MAUDE database are of poor quality. This was primarily due to MAUDE's structural limitations as a passive surveillance system using nonstandardized free-text reports. The quality of studies also suffered from inappropriate analysis of MAUDE data, given its design. The utility of MAUDE could be improved by implementing case report best practices and converting the free fields to allow controlled and adaptive responses wherever possible to help standardize adverse event reporting.