bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation treatment dropouts-Pitfalls and solutions: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Patro Kanhu Charan , Avinash Ajitesh , Bhattacharyya Partha Sarathi , Pilaka Venkata Krishna Reddy , Muvvala Mrutyunjayarao , Atchaiyalingam Mohanapriya , Karthikeyan Keerthiga , Radhakrishnan Kaviya Lakshmi , Voonna Muralikrishna 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00008/figure1/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00008/figure2/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

Background:
Interruptions in radiation treatment are known to have a deleterious effect on oncologic outcomes,specifically, an increase in tumor recurrence and decrease in cancer cure rate.

Objectives:
Our primary aim was to determine the factors influencing radiotherapy interruptions and provide solutions to decrease these dropouts.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study conducted between May 2009 and July 2010 at Mahatma Gandhi Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, a tertiary cancer center in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, on patients with histopathologically proven cancer, who were receiving radiation, either as definitive concurrent chemoradiation or in the adjuvant or palliative setting. Before the start and during treatment, patients were counseled by radiation oncologists, radiation coordinators, and radiation therapy technologists. During radiotherapy, an interruption of more than five consecutive days was considered a treatment interruption. Following a treatment interruption, patients were called on the telephone, counseling was done, and the cause of the treatment interruption was recorded and attempts were made to resolve the problem.

Results:
We enrolled 1200 patients in the study. There were more male (n = 724 [60.4%]) than female (n = 476 [39.6%]) patients. The cohort included 379 patients (31.6%) with carcinoma of the head-and-neck and 301 patients (25.1%) with gynecological malignancies. There were 100 (8.3%) treatment interruptions recorded during the study period. The common causes of radiation interruption were radiation-induced toxicity (n = 20 [20%]), patient death (n = 15 [15%]), financial (n = 15 [15%]), and social (n = 12 [12%]) issues. After counseling over the telephone, treatment could be restarted in 25 (25%) of the 100 patients who had interrupted and stopped radiotherapy.

Conclusion:
Treatment interruption is relatively common in our patients receiving radiotherapy. To prevent such dropouts and increase compliance to treatment, adequate and frequent counseling before and during radiation treatment is needed.
A narrative review of particle therapy in cancer
Authors: Krishnan Mayakannan , Ranjith C. P. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The use of high-energy charged particles in radiotherapy has evolved into an advanced cancer treatment. Even though proton beams and carbon ions are currently the popular particles used for radiotherapy in cancer, ions such as pions, helium, argon, and neon were previously used. To prepare this article, reviewed the literature relevant to the history, current status, and clinical outcomes of particle therapy for specific types of tumors by searching in PubMed and Google Scholar using specific search terms. This article reviews the history, current status, physics, and radiobiological advantages of particle therapy. Outcomes of particle therapy for sites such as the head-and-neck, central nervous system, lung, and prostate have been discussed. The physical and biological properties of particle therapy have been shown to be effective in reducing radiation-induced acute toxicities to a large extent as well as reducing the integral dose, i.e., the sum of dose delivered at every point in a patient’s body, multiplied by the volume of tissue at each point and then added up over the entire treated volume. It is used to assess the potential risks associated with radiation therapy. The advantages of particle therapy over conventional photon therapy in terms of overall survival and local control rates have been described. Advances in image guidance and newer particle acceleration technologies have improved the efficiency of particle therapy treatment.
The impact of pathological complete response on survival in patients with breast cancer and occurrence in different intrinsic subtypes: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Radhakrishnan Anupama , Roy Pritha , Chowdhury Krishnangshu B. , Joarder Ritam , Dasgupta Partha 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00004/figure1/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

Background:
Pathological complete response (pCR), defined as non-invasive or in situ disease in the breast and regional lymph nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) predicts oncologic outcomes.

Objectives:
The primary objective was to study the impact of pCR on survival in patients with breast cancer. The secondary objective was to assess the pCR rates in various intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study conducted between 2015 and 2020 in the Department of Radiotherapy at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care institution in Kolkata in eastern India, in women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who received NACT. Patients were categorized based on age, menopausal status, and tumor characteristics, including stage, grade, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The pCR rate was assessed, along with the median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results:
A total of 251 patients (median age, 50 years; interquartile range, 43–57) were enrolled; 42 (16.7%) attained a pCR. Among the patients who attained a pCR, 7 (16.7%) had Luminal A, 8 (19.0%) had Luminal B, 14 (33.3%) had triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and 13 (31%) had HER2-positive disease. The median DFS for the entire cohort was 65 months (95% CI, 59.7–70.3); the median OS was not reached. The 5-year DFS in patients who attained a pCR was 67% compared to 52% in those who did not; P = 0.04. The 5-year OS was 92% and 74% in patients who attained a pCR and those who did not, respectively; P = 0.024.

Conclusion:
Patients with LABC who attain a pCR following NACT have better survival, both DFS and OS, compared to those who do not. The implications of this are particularly relevant in patients with HER2 enriched and triple negative breast cancer and are crucial in guiding the intensification of therapy in the adjuvant setting.
Gated radiation therapy for patients with breast cancer to reduce the dose to the lung and heart: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Vishwanath Lokesh , Mandal Sanjeet Kumar , Sunil R. A , Latha D Asha , Bhaskar Nithin , Palled Siddanna R. , Naveen T , Tanveer Pasha C.V , Joseph Bindhu , Krishna Uday 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00005/figure1/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

Background:
Deep inspiratory breath hold (DIBH) is an established technique to treat left breast cancer with fewer side-effects to the surrounding organs at risk (OARs). However, studies assessing DIBH in resource-poor settings, especially in a government setup, are scarce.

Objectives:
Our primary objective was to assess and compare the dosimetric changes in the DIBH technique compared to the free breathing technique among patients with left-sided breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy.

Materials and Methods:
This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (Bengaluru, India), over a period of 24 months. A total of 65 patients were treated with the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) technique either using DIBH or free breathing as per the standard protocol. The dosimetric comparisons for the surrounding OARs, in terms of mean percentage volume receiving 15 Gy (V15Gy) and 20 Gy (V20Gy) in the left lung, V25Gy, V30Gy, V5Gy in the heart the mean dose in Gy received by 25% (V25%) and 40% (V40%) of the heart, V10% and V30% of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and mean values of Dmean dose (Gy) received by the left lung, heart, and LAD artery were compared between both the techniques.

Results:
Among 65 patients, 25 (38.4%) were treated by the free breathing technique and 40 (61.6%) by DIBH. Various dosimetric parameters that were significantly lower in the DIBH compared to free breathing techniques included the mean percentage volume of left lung receiving 20 Gy (V20 Gy) (29.5% vs. 23.5%), heart receiving 25 Gy (V25Gy) (6.7% vs. 2.9%) and 30 Gy (12.8% vs. 2.0%), mean values of Dmean received by the heart (7.8 Gy vs. 4.5 Gy) and LAD artery (31.3 Gy vs. 16.9 Gy), mean dose received by 10% volume of LAD (V10%) (36.3 Gy vs. 29.0 Gy) and 30% of LAD artery (V30%) (34.3 Gy vs. 22.2 Gy) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
DIBH significantly decreases the radiation dose delivered to the heart, left lung, and LAD artery. Thus, in patients with left-sided breast cancer, DIBH leads to a lower radiation dose to the OARs, leading to potentially less side-effects.
Demographic profile and risk factors of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma in west Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Michaelraj Minu J. , Kuttiappan Karthikesh , Ramasamy Sivasamy , Rodrigues Fenwick Antony Edwin , Govindaraj Sangami 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00007/figure1/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00007/figure2/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

Background:
Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) comprise 30% of all cancer cases in India. The risk factors for HNSCC include tobacco and alcohol consumption.

Objectives:
Our primary objective was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with HNSCC in the western Tamil Nadu population. Our secondary objective was to assess the association of the epidemiological profile with different anatomical sites and risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of data compiled from the clinical records of Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Oncology and Research Department, Sri Ramakrishna Hospital, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India) from January 2018 to December 2021. Clinicodemographic data like age, sex, primary tumor site, clinical staging, family history, and exposure to risk factors (smoking, tobacco chewing, alcohol) were collected from patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC using a specially designed questionnaire. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry and validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by employing consensus primers for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Results:
We enrolled 150 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1. The mean age was 54.4 ± 10.2 years; majority of patients (59 [39.3%]) were aged between 51 and 60 years. The most frequently affected site was the oral cavity (58 [38.7%]). Tobacco chewing was the most common and the only risk factor observed among female patients (23 [62.2%]), while smoking along with alcohol consumption was commonly observed among male patients (24 [21.2%]). Smoking in combination with other risk factors (44 [29.3%]) was more common than smoking alone (9 [8%]). Tobacco chewing was a predominant risk factor for nasopharyngeal (4 [63.6%]) and oral cavity cancer (19 [32.8%]), while smoking was a predominant risk factor for laryngeal cancer (3 [30%]). Smoking with alcohol consumption was largely seen in oropharyngeal cancer (5 [33.3%]), while all three risk factors were observed in hypopharyngeal cancer (4 [14.3%]). Out of 38 samples tested, only four were positive for HPV (10.5%).

Conclusions:
The most affected demographic group with regard to HNSCC is middle-aged men (51–60 years), and the oral cavity is the most commonly affected site. Tobacco chewing is the most prevalent risk factor among women while smoking and alcohol consumption are the most common risk factors among men. Spreading awareness about the risk factors of HNSCC and their prevention is crucial to optimizing disease control.
ALK-driven NSCLC: A narrative review - Part I
Authors: Nathany Shrinidhi , Sharma Mansi , Batra Ullas 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a molecularly distinct subgroup of oncogene-addicted NSCLC, accounting for 3-5% of cases. These are mainly genomic rearrangements resulting in a fusion oncoprotein, thus causing persistent constitutive signaling. Recent developments and approvals of various generations of ALK inhibitors have revamped the therapeutic and prognostic landscape of this disease entity. For the preparation of this review, we searched various databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, using the keywords “ALK,” “ALK crizotinib,” “Oncogene NSCLC,” and “Alectinib,” and we finally included 46 articles. In this review, we describe the molecular biology and pathologic and clinical characteristics of ALK-rearranged NSCLC. The detection methods, therapeutic strategies, and trials will be discussed in the next part of this biomarker review series.
Bacterial dissemination in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by CD+ T-cells & proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Davuluri Kusuma Sai , Singh Shoor Vir , Chauhan D.S. 
Published: August 2023

Background & objectives:
As CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers decline, the conventional, localized forms of tuberculosis shift to the atypical, disseminated forms. Variations in lymphocyte and immune cell expression levels affect how tuberculosis manifests in disseminated forms. Understanding the relationship between lymphocyte counts (CD4+ and CD8+) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-12 and interferon, we may therefore be able to shed light on how infections spread and suggest potential biomarkers for these immune factors.

Methods:
In this study, 15 guinea pigs were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37Rv strain and grouped into three groups of five each for further investigation. Serum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were examined for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T-cell subsets in guinea pigs infected with pulmonary tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis.

Results:
We found that M.tb escapes macrophages due to pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation. Despite the protective immunity created by T-cells and cytokines, M.tb bacilli may spread to other organs due to inflammation induced by these immune components. A high number of T-cells and stimulated cytokine production are involved in triggering inflammation after necrotic tissue develops and tuberculosis spreads.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings imply that increased bacilli in the spleen at the 8th wk of infection may be caused by the overexpression of CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte subsets and cytokines that generated inflammation during the 4th wk of infection. This is a pilot study with a small sample size and less assertive inference. Larger studies would be helpful to validate the results of the present investigation.
Probing antibacterial drugs for Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 targeting UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase
Authors: Saputri Dewi , Mubarak Zaki , Mudatsir Mudatsir , Setyawati Inda , Setiawan Aprijal Ghiyas , Abrar Mahdi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Fusobacterium
nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that is commonly found in oral cavities and is associated with connective tissue destruction in periodontitis. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase with enzyme commission number 2.5.1.7 is a transferases enzyme that plays a role in bacterial pathogenesis. Inhibiting binding sites of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase is needed to find potential antibiotic candidates for periodontitis treatment. Hence, the research aimed to present potential UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase inhibiting compounds through molecular docking simulation by in silico analysis. DrugBank database was used to obtain the antibacterial candidates, which were further screened computationally using the AutoDock Vina program on Google Colab Pro. The top nine compounds yielded binding affinity ranging from −12.1 to -12.8 kcal/mol, with conivaptan as one of the three compounds having the highest binding affinity. Molecular dynamic study revealed that the ligand–protein complex for conivaptan had root-mean-square deviation values of 0.05–1.1 nm, indicating likeliness for stable interaction. Our findings suggest that conivaptan is the potent UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase inhibitor, hence its efficacy against periodontitis-causing bacteria.
Transdermal patches based on chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer blends for gentamycin administration
Authors: Jaber Saif Aldeen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Biofilm-forming bacteria have sent alarms to the world about the emerging of bacterial resistance. Gentamycin is an aminoglycoside broad-spectrum antibiotic used against microbial infections. The transdermal drug delivery method is a major system used to reduce drug toxicity and avoid first-pass metabolism. Gentamycin was formulated in a transdermal polymeric formula using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Chitosan in the presence of palmitic acid as a permeation enhancer. In this research, gentamycin extended drug release behavior was successfully done in different polymeric formulas containing (HPMC/PVP) and (HPMC/Chitosan), with a maximum drug release of <70%. In addition, drug diffusion was found to be dependent on the rate of drug release. The controlled release formulas selected for antimicrobial assay show that HPMC/Chitosan formulas have successfully inhibited microbial and biofilm growth by 90%. In conclusion, gentamycin can be formulated in a transdermal polymeric film to target skin infection, reduce drug side effects and avoid drug first-pass metabolism.
Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract in burn infection
Authors: Mauludiyana Septin , Aryati  , Dachlan Yoes Prijatna , Saputro Iswinarno Doso 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Thermal burns produce tissue damage, which eliminates the protective role of tissue. Due to the extensive tissue damage from severe burns, an overactive immune response occurs. Furthermore, this raises the possibility of getting sepsis, a condition in which a bacterial infection spreads throughout the body rather than only in the area of the injury or localized infection. To determine the compounds of Ajwa dates have the potential as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent in infectious thermal burns. The research method used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guideline. Various references were collected from the online database Google Scholar and PubMed including reports, journals, and all references mostly published no more than the past 10 years. This systematic review revealed 16 research articles that were pertinent. Polyphenolic substances such as flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolic acids were found in ajwa dates. Specified polyphenol chemicals have the ability to interact with one or more immune cell receptors, moving intracellular messages and influencing the host’s immunological response. Ajwa dates’ polyphenol acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in severe burns by inhibiting the expression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors, controlling transcription factors, and changing the phenotype of macrophage cells, among other ways. The bacterial activity and immune response regulation of Ajwa dates, on the other hand, also serve as an antibacterial agent directly. The polyphenol compounds in Ajwa dates have the potential to operate as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent in infected thermal burns.
Identification of volatile compounds contained in the therapeutic essential oils from Pogostemon cablin, Melaleuca leucadendra, and Mentha piperita and their purified fractions
Authors: Ginting Binawati , Sufriadi Elly , Harnelly Essy , Isnaini Nadia , Mulana Farid , Suparto Irma Herawati , Ilmiawati Auliya , Ernawati Ernawati , Muhammad Syaifullah , Syakira Maula , Riski Cantika Dwi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Pogostemon
cablin, Melaleuca
leucadendra, and Mentha
piperita are three aromatic plants that have been reported to produce a high yield of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic properties. This present study aimed to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on the volatile components present in the aforementioned aromatic plants. Essential oils from P. cablin and M. leucadendra were obtained from community-based enterprises in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The essential oils were further purified using vacuum rotary evaporator. In addition, we also investigated the essential oils from M. piperita based on the priorly optimized parameters. The volatile components contained in the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The qualitative data were derived from the MS data based on the fragmented components separated by the GC and compared with the database. The abundance of each volatile component was determined based on the area percentage of the chromatographic peak. In P. cablin oil, the relative abundance of α-guaiene and seychellene was higher in heavy fraction (17.11 and 10.29, respectively), while patchouli alcohol in light fraction (69.92%). Eucalyptol was found higher in the light fraction of M. leucadendra oil (MO) than that in the heavy fraction (78.87% vs. 17.34%, respectively). As for the M. piperita oil, menthone was found as the predominant component with relative abundance of 21.6%. Essential oils extracted from P. cablin, M. leucadendra, and M. piperita consist of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic potentials, in which their compositions are affected by the purification process.
Assessing the impacts of L-carnitine and modafinil on fatigue in Iraqi multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Al-Shammari Ahmed Hamza , Abbood Zainab A. , Lateef Hayder F. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Fatigue is a prevalent symptom experienced by individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), which greatly affects their daily activities and causes frustration and depression, thus affecting their lives and society. This can be prevented through the use of medicines such as L-carnitine and modafinil. The study aimed to examine the effect of L-carnitine and modafinil on fatigue and which one is better for MS patients. This was a clinical trial. This clinical trial was conducted in cooperation between Al-Kut University College and an MS consultant at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in addition to the private neurological clinic from October 1, 2022, to March 15, 2023. Forty participants were split into two groups; both of which were almost identical characteristics regarding age, disease duration, and degree of fatigue. Group I (n = 20): relapsing-remitting MS patients with fatigue received modafinil. Group II (n = 20): relapsing-remitting MS patients with fatigue received L-carnitine. Fatigue was evaluated according to the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The statistical work was done in SPSS (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA, version 24). P values were calculated by the t-test. Significant data have P = 0.05. After 2 months of treatment, the results show a significant decrease in MFIS in both groups with a higher reduction in patients who use L-carnitine. Both modafinil and L-carnitine show a significant influence on fatigue in MS patients, and these effects are more in L-carnitine.