bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms in the Rural Areas of India
Authors: Shukla Shalini , Sharma Priyanka , Gupta Priya , Pandey Shikha , Agrawal Reshu , Rathour Deepak , Kumar Kewat Dharmendra , Singh Ramu , Kumar Thakur Sunil , Paliwal Rishi , Sulakhiya Kunjbihari 
Published: May 2023

Background:Pharmacovigilance (PV) deals with the detection, collection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects associated with drugs. The objective of PV is to ensure the safety of the medicines and patients by monitoring and reporting all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with prescribed medicine usage. Findings have indicated that about 0.2- 24% of hospitalization cases are due to ADRs, of which 3.7% of patients have lethal ADRs. The reasons include the number of prescribed drugs, an increased number of new medicines in the market, an inadequate PV system for ADR monitoring, and a need for more awareness and knowledge about ADR reporting. Severe ADRs lead to enhanced hospital stays, increased treatment costs, risk of death, and many medical and economic consequences. Therefore, ADR reporting at its first instance is essential to avoid further harmful effects of the prescribed drugs. In India, the rate of ADR reporting is less than 1%, whereas worldwide, it is 5% due to a need for more awareness about PV and ADR monitoring among healthcare providers and patients. The main objective of this review is to highlight the current scenario and possible futuristic ways of ADR reporting methods in rural areas of India. We have searched the literature using PubMed, Google scholar, Indian citation index to retrieve the resources related to ADR monitoring and reporting in India's urban and rural areas. Spontaneous reporting is the most commonly used PV method to report ADRs in India's urban and rural areas. Evidence revealed that no effective ADR reporting mechanisms developed in rural areas causing underreporting of ADR, thus increasing the threat to the rural population. Hence, PV and ADR reporting awareness among healthcare professionals and patients, telecommunication, telemedicine, use of social media and electronic medical records, and artificial intelligence are the potential approaches for prevention, monitoring, and reporting of ADRs in rural areas.
High-sensitive Cardiospecific Troponins: The Role of Sex-specific Concentration
in the Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (Mini-Review)
Authors: Chaulin Aleksey 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Cardiospecific troponins are specifically localized in the troponin-tropomyosin complex
and the cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes. Cardiospecific troponin molecules are released from cardiac
myocytes upon their death (irreversible damage in acute coronary syndrome) or reversible
damage to cardiac myocytes, for example, during physical exertion or the influence of stress factors.
Modern high-sensitive immunochemical methods for detecting cardiospecific troponins T and
I are extremely sensitive to minimal reversible damage to cardiac myocytes. This makes it possible
to detect damage to cardiac myocytes in the early stages of the pathogenesis of many extra-cardiac
and cardiovascular diseases, including acute coronary syndrome. So, in 2021, the European Society
of Cardiology approved diagnostic algorithms for the acute coronary syndrome, which allow the
diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in the first 1-2 hours from the moment of admission of the
patient to the emergency department. However, high-sensitive immunochemical methods for detecting
cardiospecific troponins T and I may also be sensitive to physiological and biological factors,
which are important to consider in order to establish a diagnostic threshold (99 percentile).
One of the important biological factors that affect the 99 percentile levels of cardiospecific troponins
T and I are sex characteristics. This article examines the mechanisms underlying the development
of sex-specific serum levels of cardiospecific troponins T and I and the importance of sexspecific
cardiospecific troponin concentrations in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome.
Role of Molnupiravir in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Aman , Patil Vaishali M. , Dahiya Meenakshi , Singh Gaurav Pratap , Malik Anirudh 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Molnupiravir is a ribonucleoside analog and exhibits its antiviral mechanism by inhibiting replication. Preclinical studies have been reported that support the role of Molnupiravir towards the prophylaxis, cure, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to it, clinical studies have confirmed its activity against the most common variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Objective:
The manuscript aims to demonstrate the rationale behind the clinical use of Molnupiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 infection at the early stage of the onset of symptoms specific to five days.

Methodology:
A thorough literature search has been carried out using various suitable keywords to extract details on the antiviral mechanism, preclinical, and clinical use of Molnupiravir, its safety, tolerability, dosage, duration of treatment, etc.

Results:
The reported studies demonstrate the antiviral action of Molnupiravir by viral error catastrophe mechanism which results in the inhibition of the viral multiplication activity when it enters inside the host cells. The manuscript delivers complete detail regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacological actions, usage, and various preclinical and clinical studies reported for this newly evaluated drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
The study concludes Molnupiravir has the potential in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. When used along with vaccines, it would be a low-cost, valuable, and incredible asset as an oral anti-COVID drug for saving human life.
Novel Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Methotrexate for Topical
Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Al-Nemrawi Nusaiba K. , Khafajah Areej S. , Alzoubi Karem H. 
Published: May 2023

Aims:
In this work, CS NPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method and encapsulated
with MTX to treat psoriasis dermally.

Background:
A major drawback of using MTX to treat psoriasis is its limited diffusion through the
skin, which may cause insufficient penetration of MTX into the basal layer of the epidermis, where psoriatic
cells are generated.

Objective:
Nanoparticles have been used to enhance MTX diffusion through the skin. The system prepared
in this work is expected to direct the drug to psoriasis cells by enhancing the drug diffusion
through the skin, which will increase the amount of the drug reaching the epidermis. This is expected to
enhance the effectiveness of the drug and to decrease its systemic side effects.

Methods:
Five formulations of Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and loaded with Methotrexate using
the ionic gelation technique. Particle size, dispersity, charge, loading capacity and encapsulation efficacy
were measured. Characterization of prepared nanoparticles was conducted to confirm the formation
of CS-NPs, successful encapsulation of MTX and its compatibility with other formulation components.
In vitro drug release from CS-NPs, its permeation and accumulation in rats’ skin were explored.
Finally, the anti-psoriatic activity was assessed using the “mouse tail model.”

Results:
The results showed that the sizes ranged from 132.13 ± 0.70 to 300.60 ± 4.81 nm, where SEM
demonstrated the spherical and uniform distribution of the NPs. The surface charge of all NPs was highly
positive and ranged from 20.22 ± 1.10 to 30.90 ± 0.70 mV. Further, the EE% and LC% of the nanoparticles
were in the range of 77.72%-92.70% and 17.90%-21.81%, respectively. in vitro, the release of
methotrexate from the nanoparticles was sustained. Additionally, both the permeation and retention of
drugs within the skin were enhanced significantly using this system. Eventually, orthokeratosis% and
drug activity% showed significant superiority of MTX-CS NPs over the free drug in treating psoriasis in
model mice.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, MTX-CS NPs can be used to enhance the treatment of psoriasis topically.
Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract is Effective against Biofilms of
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Interferes on the
Activity of Antimicrobial Drugs
Authors: da Costa Gustavo José , dos Santos Renan Martins , Ceravolo Isabela Penna , Freire Gabriel Pimenta , Dias Souza Marcus Vinícius 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Given the lack of options for treating infectious diseases, it is urgent to
explore new antimicrobials. Plant food historically represents relevant sources of antimicrobial
molecules.

Objective:
Here, we show that green tea can eradicate biofilms and planktonic cells of clinical
isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods:
We conducted in vitro antimicrobial activity tests (MIC, MBC, MBEC). Cytotoxicity
tests were conducted using BGM cells. We used UPLC and GC-MS to detect flavonoids and other
relevant phytomolecules. The antioxidant potential was assessed using the β-carotene bleaching
test. The extract was combined to clinically relevant antimicrobial drugs in vitro to investigate
possible synergism or antagonism.

Results:
To the best of our knowledge, MIC values are among the lowest ever described for the
alcoholic extract (8 μg/mL). The extract presented elevated antioxidant potential and was not
toxic to BGM cells. When the extract was combined to clinically relevant antimicrobial drugs,
statistically significant antagonism was frequent for the drugs used against S. aureus isolates,
whilst significant synergism was observed for some drugs used against P. aeruginosa isolates.

Conclusion:
Our data open doors for exploring isolated molecules from green tea extract against
bacterial biofilms, and for developing formulations for clinical treatments.
MU-math: educational game to improve students’ mathematical reasoning
Authors: Zahra M Daenasty Caezar , Setiawani Susi , Hussen Saddam 
Published: May 2023

Learning media are tools utilized to support the interaction of students with educators and learning resources in the implementation of the teaching and learning process. This development research uses the Thiagarajan or 4-D model with four stages: defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The subjects of this research were grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Umbulsari. The analytical method is validity analysis based upon validation by two lecturers of the Mathematics Education Study Program, FKIP University of Jember, and one mathematics teacher from SMP Negeri 1 Umbulsari. Practicality analysis was based on user response questionnaires and interviews, and effectiveness analysis using pretest/pretest and final test/posttest. This study uses the educational Game Mu Math on numbering pattern material to improve students' mathematical reasoning with the help of Unity software. MU Math Game is a PC (Personal Computer) based Game developed using Unity Engine Software and Lego Assets Tools. The MU Math game is an Adventure Open world type where players can explore through the maps provided. There are two levels and one mathematical reasoning to test students' mathematical reasoning abilities.
Development of learning tools based on realistic mathematics approach that oriented to high school students' mathematical generalization ability
Authors: Hayuningrat Silfia , Rosnawati Raden 
Published: May 2023

Generalization ability need to be encouraged in learning mathematics, students with generalization abilities can expand and transfer knowledge to practical knowledge. This research aims to develop learning material based on realistic mathematisc approach that oriented to generalization ability. The learning materials’developed is lesson plans and student worksheets. This is research and development with an ADDIE model. The instruments used in this study were the evaluation sheets, response questionnaire for teachers and students and tests of mathematical generalization ability. The data analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The design of the learning materials focuses on aspects of the mathematical generalization ability of high school students by presenting real problems. Student activities are designed to solve real issues related to pattern analysis, focus on student contributions to find conjectures, and design interactions so students can proceed to the abstraction stage using concept linkages. So students can make conclusions regarding the given concept in response to such issues. The results show that the validity qualifications of lesson plans and student worksheets are good and very good, the practical qulifications are very good. The learning materials comply with effective based on completeness tests of generalization ability of 82.26 with good qualifications
Digital Health App to Address Disparate HIV Outcomes Among Black Women Living in Metro-Atlanta: Protocol for a Multiphase, Mixed Methods Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Chandler Rasheeta , Farinu Oluyemi T O , Guillaume Dominique , Francis Sherilyn , Parker Andrea G , Shah Kewal , Hernandez Natalie D ,   Synergistic Sisters in Science
Published: May 2023

Background
Cisgender Black women in the southern United States are at heightened risk for HIV and adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Mobile health interventions that target HIV risk while being adapted to the needs and lived experiences of Black women are remarkably limited.

Objective
The study aims to refine SavvyHER, a mobile app for HIV prevention, with Black women residing in high HIV incidence areas of Georgia and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of SavvyHER. This paper describes the procedures implemented to conduct this research.

Methods
Community-based participatory research tenets guide this multiphase study to finalize the development of what we hypothesize will be an effective, sustainable, and culturally relevant HIV prevention and optimal sexual health and reproductive wellness app for Black women. This multiphased, mixed methods study consists of 3 phases. The first phase entails focus groups with Black women to understand their preferences for the functionality and design of a beta prototype version of SavvyHER. In the second phase, an app usability pretest (N=10) will be used to refine and optimize the SavvyHER app. The final phase will entail a pilot randomized controlled trial (N=60) to evaluate the app’s feasibility and usability in preparation for a larger trial.

Results
Findings from preliminary focus groups revealed educational content, app aesthetics, privacy considerations, and marketing preferred by Black women, thus informing the first functional SavvyHER prototype. As we adapt and test the feasibility of SavvyHER, we hypothesize that the app will be an effective, sustainable, and culturally relevant HIV prevention, sexual health, and reproductive wellness tool for Black women.

Conclusions
The findings from this research substantiate the importance of developing health interventions curated for and by Black women to address critical HIV disparities. The knowledge gained from this research can reduce HIV disparities among Black women through a targeted intervention that centers on their health needs and priorities.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/42712
Pulse-Based Nutrition Education Intervention Among High School Students to Enhance Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: Pilot for a Formative Survey Study
Authors: Teshome Getenesh Berhanu , Haileslassie Hiwot Abebe , Shand Phyllis , Lin Yun , Lieffers Jessica R L , Henry Carol 
Published: May 2023

Background
Promoting pulse consumption in schools could improve students’ healthy food choices. Pulses, described as legumes, are rich in protein and micronutrients and are an important food choice for health and well-being. However, most Canadians consume very little pulse-based food.

Objective
This pilot study sought to investigate outcomes of a teacher-led, school-based food literacy intervention focused on the Pulses Make Perfect Sense (PMPS) program in 2 high schools in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

Methods
Both high schools were selected using a convenience sampling technique and have similar sociodemographic characteristics. The mean age of students was 16 years. The intervention comprised 7 key themes focused on pulses, which included defining pulses; health and nutritional benefits of pulses; incorporating pulses into meals; the role of pulses in reducing environmental stressors, food insecurity, and malnutrition; product development; taste testing and sensory analysis; and pulses around the world. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers regarding pulse consumption in students at baseline and study end. Teachers were interviewed at the end of the intervention. Descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis.

Results
In total, 41 and 32 students participated in the baseline and study-end assessments, respectively. At baseline, the median knowledge score was 9, attitude score was 6, and barrier score was 0. At study end, the median knowledge score was 10, attitude score was 7, and barrier score was 1. A lower score for barriers indicated fewer barriers to pulse consumption. There was a significant difference between baseline and study-end scores in knowledge (P<.05). Barriers to pulse consumption included parents not cooking or consuming pulses at home, participants not liking the taste of pulses, and participants often preferring other food choices over pulses. The teachers indicated that the pulse food-literacy teaching resources were informative, locally available, and easy to use.

Conclusions
Despite the improvements in knowledge, attitude, and practice, pulse consumption did not change significantly at the end of the intervention. Future studies with larger samples are needed to determine the impact of PMPS on knowledge, attitude, and practice of high school students.
Geographic and Temporal Trends in COVID-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative
Authors: Yoo Yun J. , Wilkins Kenneth J. , Alakwaa Fadhl , Liu Feifan , Torre-Healy Luke A. , Krichevsky Spencer , Hong Stephanie S. , Sakhuja Ankit , Potu Chetan K. , Saltz Joel H. , Saran Rajiv , Zhu Richard L. , Setoguchi Soko , Kane-Gill Sandra L. , Mallipattu Sandeep K. , He Yongqun , Ellison David H. , Byrd James B. , Parikh Chirag R. , Moffitt Richard A. , Koraishy Farrukh M. ,   on behalf of the N3C and RECOVER Consortia
Published: May 2023

Background
AKI is associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, its incidence, geographic distribution, and temporal trends since the start of the pandemic are understudied.

Methods
Electronic health record data were obtained from 53 health systems in the United States in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative. We selected hospitalized adults diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 6, 2020, and January 6, 2022. AKI was determined with serum creatinine and diagnosis codes. Time was divided into 16-week periods (P1–6) and geographical regions into Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Multivariable models were used to analyze the risk factors for AKI or mortality.

Results
Of a total cohort of 336,473, 129,176 (38%) patients had AKI. Fifty-six thousand three hundred and twenty-two (17%) lacked a diagnosis code but had AKI based on the change in serum creatinine. Similar to patients coded for AKI, these patients had higher mortality compared with those without AKI. The incidence of AKI was highest in P1 (47%; 23,097/48,947), lower in P2 (37%; 12,102/32,513), and relatively stable thereafter. Compared with the Midwest, the Northeast, South, and West had higher adjusted odds of AKI in P1. Subsequently, the South and West regions continued to have the highest relative AKI odds. In multivariable models, AKI defined by either serum creatinine or diagnostic code and the severity of AKI was associated with mortality.

Conclusions
The incidence and distribution of COVID-19–associated AKI changed since the first wave of the pandemic in the United States.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2023_08_08_CJN0000000000000192.mp3
Assessment of the severity of the condition of patients with acute substance poisoning using the PSS scale
Authors: Lodyagin A. N. , Rakhmanova E. A. , Miroshnichenko A. G. 
Published: May 2023

Objective. To determine the effectiveness and introduce the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) scale into the clinical practice of the department for patients with acute poisoning with psychoactive substances.Materials and methods. A single–center retrospective and prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted in 200 patients with acute poisoning with the psychostimulant alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone and the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB–FUBINACA. To assess the severity of substance poisoning, the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) scale developed by the European Association of Clinical Toxicologists IPCS/EC/EAPCCT was used.Results and discussion. This scale allows to objectify clinical and laboratory manifestations of acute poisoning with psychodisleptics, to identify the leading syndromes, to predict the risk of complications and emergency conditions.Conclusion. The PSS scale is easy to use and does not require a wide range of diagnostic capabilities from a medical institution, helps to determine the tactics of patient management and determines the volume of emergency care at the hospital stage.
Simbiosis: síndrome de burnout frente a la eficiencia del desarrollo laboral en instituciones de salud
Authors: Jiménez - Rodríguez Luis Alfredo , Gamboa - Suarez Ramiro , Jimenez – Ospina Johao Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Determinar el Síndrome de Burnout en el talento humano asistencial que labora en instituciones prestadoras de servicio de salud de mediana y alta complejidad, teniendo en cuenta que el desgaste profesional es la manifestación más grave del estrés laboral, es necesario identificarlo tempranamente para lograr una intervención oportuna y pertinente que permita mejorar condiciones laborales. Método: Se utilizó un paradigma positivista, con enfoque Cuantitativo (Causas y efectos a partir de datos numéricos), tipo descriptivo de diseño transversal, a una población de 3 instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de mediana y alta complejidad en los municipios de Neiva Huila –Girardot Cundinamarca y Ocaña norte de Santander, El material utilizado y aplicado fue la encuesta CESQT, con un contenido de 20 ítems. Resultados: Se conocieron las variables sociodemográficas y propias del instrumento para realizar tabulación de datos en el documento Excel y luego se avanzó en el instrumento estadístico en donde el desgaste profesional por el síndrome genera tedio, depresión, ansiedad, perdida de la autoestima y frustración personal, manifestándose de forma cognitiva, emocional y conductual, como respuesta al estrés crónico laboral Conclusiones: El Síndrome de burnout, se puede definir como una patología silenciosa a la cual está expuesto cualquier trabajador y que puede desencadenar en graves afectaciones si no es detectada tratada y curada a tiempo.