bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mantle wedge olivine modifies slab-derived fluids: Implications for fluid transport from slab to arc magma source
Authors: Hoog Jan C.M. De , Clarke Eleri , Hattori Keiko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Boron is an effective tracer of fluid processes in subduction zones. High B and δ11B in arc magmas require efficient B transfer from the slab to magma source regions. The Higashi-akaishi metaperidotite body in the Sanbagawa high-pressure belt, Japan, is composed of locally serpentinized mantle wedge peridotites exhumed in a subduction channel. Cores of coarse-grained primary mantle olivine have 1–4 µg/g B, enriched compared to typical mantle olivine, and δ11B of −10‰ to −1‰, consistent with incorporation of fluids from dehydrating slab at ~90–120 km depth. Rims of primary mantle olivine as well as olivine neoblasts have even higher B (5–20 µg/g) and higher δ11B (−8‰ to +2‰) due to incorporating slab fluids at depths of ~70–100 km. Antigorite, formed below 650 °C, shows comparable δ11B and B contents as olivine rims. The data show that olivine is capable of scavenging significant amounts of B from fluids by diffusion and recrystallization at sub-arc pressures and temperatures. Considering the large amount of olivine in the mantle wedge, transport of slab-derived material to magma sources requires processes with minimal interaction with mantle peridotite, such as intensely channelized fluid flow or ascent of mélange diapirs, and limited porous fluid flow.
Beyond cuts in small signal scenarios
Authors: Alvestad Daniel , Fomin Nikolai , Kersten Jörn , Maeland Steffen , Strümke Inga 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate enhancing the sensitivity of new physics searches at the LHC by machine learning in the case of background dominance and a high degree of overlap between the observables for signal and background. We use two different models, XGBoost and a deep neural network, to exploit correlations between observables and compare this approach to the traditional cut-and-count method. We consider different methods to analyze the models’ output, finding that a template fit generally performs better than a simple cut. By means of a Shapley decomposition, we gain additional insight into the relationship between event kinematics and the machine learning model output. We consider a supersymmetric scenario with a metastable sneutrino as a concrete example, but the methodology can be applied to a much wider class of models.
First-order Logic with Connectivity Operators
Authors: Schirrmacher Nicole , Siebertz Sebastian , Vigny Alexandre 
Published: May 2023

First-order logic (FO) can express many algorithmic problems on graphs, such as the independent set and dominating set problem parameterized by solution size. However, FO cannot express the very simple algorithmic question whether two vertices are connected. We enrich FO with connectivity predicates that are tailored to express algorithmic graph problems that are commonly studied in parameterized algorithmics. By adding the atomic predicates connk(x,y,z_1,..., zk) that hold true in a graph if there exists a path between (the valuations of)xandyafter (the valuations of)z1,..., zkhave been deleted, we obtainseparator logicFO + conn. We show that separator logic can express many interesting problems, such as the feedback vertex set problem and elimination distance problems to first-order definable classes. Denote by FO + connkthe fragment of separator logic that is restricted to connectivity predicates with at mostk + 2variables (that is, at mostkdeletions), we show that FO + connk + 1is strictly more expressive than FO + connkfor allk ≥ 0. We then study the limitations of separator logic and prove that it cannot express planarity, and, in particular, not the disjoint paths problem. We obtain the strongerdisjoint-paths logicFO + DP by adding the atomic predicates disjoint-pathsk[(x1, y1),..., (xk, yk) that evaluate to true if there are internally vertex-disjoint paths between (the valuations of)xiandyifor all 1 ≤ i ≤ k. Disjoint-paths logic can express the disjoint paths problem, the problem of (topological) minor containment, the problem of hitting (topological) minors, and many more. Again, we show that the fragments FO + DPkthat use predicates for at mostkdisjoint paths form a strict hierarchy of expressiveness. Finally, we compare the expressive power of the new logics with that of transitive-closure logics and monadic second-order logic.
Adaptability of Genetically Engineered Bt Cotton Varieties in Different Growing Regions of Ethiopia
Authors: Gudeta Bedane , Kedisso Endale Gebre , Gurmessa Donis , Tesfaye Dawit , Damtew Samuel , Taye Workishet , Gebre-Egziabher Arkebe , Balcha Merdasa , Daba Tadessa , Workie Alehegn , Maredia Karim 
Published: May 2023

Cotton varieties that are high yielding and resistant to pests are required to improve production and productivity and to capitalize on the crop’s enormous potential and its critical role in Ethiopia’s expanding textile industry. Lack of improved cotton technology has forced farmers to recycle local varieties for ages which have become very susceptible to pests which are the major causes of very low productivity and quality of cotton in the country. Among major pests, bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera and Pectinophora gossypiella) account for 36–60% of yield losses. In the absence of genetically resistant or tolerant varieties, genetically engineered bollworm-resistant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton has offered a great opportunity to reduce crop losses from bollworms. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of bollworm resistance and adaptability of Bt cotton varieties across cotton growing environments in Ethiopia and provide recommendations. Two Bt cotton hybrids (JKCH 1947 and JKCH 1050), one Bt OPV (Sudan), and three OPV conventional varieties (Weyito 07, Stam-59A, and Deltapine-90) were evaluated at seven different agro-ecologies using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed significant differences among genotypes for yield and other traits. Hybrids JKCH 1947 and JKCH 1050 were the top high yielders under high and mild bollworm infestations, with mean seed cotton yield of 3.10 t·ha−1 each and lint yield of 1.20 and 1.19 t·ha−1, respectively, whereas the standard check Deltapine-90 (popular variety) recorded a mean seed cotton and lint yield of 2.3 t·ha−1 and 0.8 t·ha−1, respectively. Combined analysis showed that genotypes, environment, and the genotypes × environment interactions had a highly significant effect (

P

< 0.05) on fiber quality. Weyito 07 and the two hybrids (JKCH 1947 and JKCH 1050) had upper half mean fiber lengths in the range of 27.78 to 32.11 mm. For fiber strength, genotypes Weyito 07, JKCH 1050, Stam-59A, and JKCH 1947 had 33.50 g/tex, 28.59 g/tex, 28.00 g/tex, and 27.75 g/tex, respectively. The fiber quality values of the hybrids were within acceptable limits, with staple lengths ranging from 27.78 to 28.44 mm and fiber strengths ranging from 27.75 to 28.59 g/tex. Results show potential adaptation of the hybrids under different cotton growing environments and their superior yield performance due also to added protection of yield losses from damage by bollworms. The contrast is bigger under high insect pressure conditions due to the genetically engineered Bt trait compared to the conventional varieties. The effective field resistance against bollworms in most locations shows that wider use of these hybrids can enhance cotton productivity and quality in Ethiopia.
Prediagnostic CT or MRI Utilization and Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: SEER-Medicare Database Analysis
Authors: Karim Mohammad A. , Singal Amit G. , Kum Hye Chung , Lee Yi-Te , Park Sulki , Rich Nicole E. , Noureddin Mazen , Yang Ju Dong 
Published: May 2023

Ultrasound-based surveillance has suboptimal sensitivity for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection, generating interest in alternative surveillance modalities. We aim to investigate the association between prediagnostic CT or MRI and overall survival in a contemporary cohort of patients with HCC. Using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, we analyzed Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with HCC between 2011 and 2015. Proportion of time covered (PTC) was defined as the proportion of the 36-month period prior to HCC diagnosis in which patients had received abdominal imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the association between PTC and overall survival. Among 5,098 patients with HCC, 3,293 (65%) patients had abdominal imaging prior to HCC diagnosis, of whom 67% had CT/MRI. Median PTC by any abdominal imaging was 5.6% [interquartile range (IQR): 0%–36%], with few patients having PTC &gt;50%. Compared with no abdominal images, ultrasound [adjusted HR (aHR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–0.95] and CT/MRI group (aHR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.63–0.74) were associated with improved survival. Lead-time adjusted analysis showed improved survival continued to be observed with CT/MRI (aHR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74–0.87) but not ultrasound (aHR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.91–1.10). Increased PTC was associated with improved survival, with a larger effect size observed with CT/MRI (aHR per 10%: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91–0.95) than ultrasound (aHR per 10%: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95–0.98). In conclusion, PTC by abdominal images was associated with improved survival in patients with HCC, with potential greater benefit using CT/MRI. Regular utilization of CT/MRI before cancer diagnosis may have potential survival benefit compared to ultrasound in patients with HCC.

Significance:
Our population-based study using SEER-Medicare database demonstrated that proportion of time covered by abdominal imaging was associated with improved survival in patients with HCC, with potential greater benefit using CT/MRI. The results suggest that CT/MRI surveillance may have potential survival benefit compared with ultrasound surveillance in high-risk patients for HCC. A larger prospective study should be conducted for external validation.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Fibrosis in Adult Patients With Ebstein Anomaly: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Histopathological Samples
Authors: Fernandez-Badillo Valente , Serrano-Roman Javier , Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo , Cabello-Ganem Aldo , Espejel-Guzman Adrian , Torres-Araujo Laura Victoria , Aranda-Fraustro Alberto , Cano-Zarate Roberto , Solorzano-Pinot Enrique , Keirns Candace , Meave-Gonzalez Aloha , Alexanderson-Rosas Erick , Espinola-Zavaleta Nilda 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The association between Ebstein anomaly and myocardial fibrosis, particularly in the left ventricle, has been controversial. We aimed to assess the prevalence of replacement fibrosis with a focus on the left ventricle (LV) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), make a histopathological association between LV fibrosis and CMR findings, and explore whether LV fibrosis is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality using a derived risk score.

Methods:
We performed a 12-year (2009–2021) retrospective cohort of adult patients with Ebstein anomaly who underwent CMR. The CMR evaluation included a comprehensive assessment of myocardial fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Four postmortem samples were obtained from our cohort and stained using Masson trichrome to characterize LV fibrosis. We used Cox-regression analysis to identify and derive a prediction score that associated LV fibrosis with cardiovascular disease mortality.

Results:

We included 57 adults with Ebstein anomaly (52% men; median age, 29.52 [interquartile range, 21.24–39.17] years), of whom 12 died during follow-up. LGE prevalence by CMR was observed in 52.6% in any chamber; LV-LGE in 29.8%. Histopathological findings revealed a mid-wall pattern with predominantly interstitial fibrosis and minimal replacement fibrosis. LV-LGE was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio, 6.02 [95% CI, 1.22–19.91]) attributable to lateral and mid-wall LV segment involvement. Our mortality score achieved an overall good prediction capacity (R
2
, 0.435; C statistic, 0.93; D
xy
, 0.86).

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of LV fibrosis replacement in adults with Ebstein anomaly, characterized by specific CMR and histological patterns. Furthermore, LV-LGE fibrosis is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality, which could be integrated into risk assessment in clinical management.
Rivaroxaban for Prevention of Thrombotic Events, Hospitalization, and Death in Outpatients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Piazza Gregory , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Hsia Judith , Goldin Mark , Towner William J. , Go Alan S. , Bull Todd M. , Weng Stephen , Lipardi Concetta , Barnathan Elliot S. , Bonaca Marc P. ,   on behalf of the PREVENT-HD Investigators
Published: May 2023

Background:
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is associated with heightened risks of venous and arterial thrombosis and hospitalization due to respiratory failure. To assess whether prophylactic anticoagulation can safely reduce the frequency of venous and arterial thrombosis, hospitalization, and death in nonhospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and at least one thrombosis risk factor, we conducted the PREVENT-HD double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial (A Study of Rivaroxaban to Reduce the Risk of Major Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Events, Hospitalization and Death in Medically Ill Outpatients With Acute, Symptomatic COVID-19] Infection).

Methods:
PREVENT-HD was conducted between August 2020 and April 2022 at 14 US integrated health care delivery networks. A virtual trial design used remote informed consent and clinical monitoring and facilitated data collection through electronic health record integration with a cloud-based research platform. Nonhospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and at least one thrombosis risk factor were enrolled and randomly assigned to either 10 mg of oral rivaroxaban or placebo daily for 35 days. The primary efficacy outcome was time to first occurrence of a composite of symptomatic venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute limb ischemia, non–central nervous system systemic arterial embolism, hospitalization, or death through day 35. The principal safety end point was International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis critical-site or fatal bleeding. The last study visit was on day 49.

Results:

The study was terminated prematurely because of enrollment challenges and a lower-than-expected blinded pooled event rate. A total of 1284 patients underwent randomization with complete accrual of primary events through May 2022. No patients were lost to follow-up. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 22 of 641 in the rivaroxaban group and 19 of 643 in the placebo group (3.4% versus 3.0%; hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.63–2.15];
P
=0.63). No patient in either group experienced critical-site or fatal bleeding. One patient receiving rivaroxaban had a major bleed.

Conclusions:
The study was terminated prematurely after enrollment of 32% of planned accrual because of recruitment challenges and lower-than-expected event rate. Rivaroxaban prescribed for 35 days in nonhospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID-19 at risk for thrombosis did not appear to reduce a composite end point of venous and arterial thrombotic events, hospitalization, and death.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04508023.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mediates Neuronal Apoptosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice
Authors: Nakano Fumi , Kanamaru Hideki , Kawakita Fumihiro , Liu Lei , Nakatsuka Yoshinari , Nishikawa Hirofumi , Okada Takeshi , Suzuki Hidenori 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Early brain injury including neuronal apoptosis is a main contributor to neurological deterioration after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study was aimed to investigate whether EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)/NFκB (nuclear factor-kappa B) inducing kinase (NIK)/NFκB (p65 and p50) pathway is involved in the neuronal apoptosis after SAH in mice.

Methods:
C57BL/6 adult male mice underwent endovascular perforation SAH modeling or sham-operation (n=286), and 86 mild SAH mice were excluded. In experiment 1, vehicle or an EGFR inhibitor (632.0 ng AG1478) was administered intraventricularly at 30 minutes postmodeling. At 24 or 72 hours, after neurological score was tested, brain water content, double immunolabeling with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and a neuronal marker antimicrotubule-associated protein-2 antibody, Western blotting using whole tissue lysate or nuclear protein extraction of the left cortex, and immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated (p-) EGFR, NIK, p-NFκB p65, and NFκB p105/50 were evaluated. In experiment 2, after sham or SAH modeling, AG1478+vehicle or AG1478+4.0 ng EGF was administered intraventricularly. The brain was used for TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry after 24-hour observation.

Results:

SAH group showed deteriorated neurological score (
P
<0.01, Mann-Whitney
U
test), more TUNEL- and cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons (
P
<0.01, ANOVA), and higher brain water content (
P
<0.01, Mann-Whitney
U
test), and these observations were improved in SAH-AG1478 group. Western blotting showed that expression levels of p-EGFR, p-p65, p50, and nuclear-NIK were increased after SAH (
P
<0.05, ANOVA), and decreased by AG1478 administration. Immunohistochemistry revealed these molecules localized in degenerating neurons. EGF administration resulted in neurological deterioration, increased TUNEL-positive neurons, and activation of EGFR, NIK, and NFκB.

Conclusions:
Activated EGFR, nuclear-NIK, and NFκB expressions were observed in cortical degenerating neurons after SAH, and were decreased by administration of AG1478, associated with suppression of TUNEL- and cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons. EGFR/NIK/NFκB pathway is suggested to be involved in neuronal apoptosis after SAH in mice.
A Data Stream Ensemble Assisted Multifactorial Evolutionary Algorithm for Offline Data-Driven Dynamic Optimization
Authors: Yang Cuie , Ding Jinliang , Jin Yaochu , Chai Tianyou 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Existing work on offline data-driven optimization mainly focuses on problems in static environments, and little attention has been paid to problems in dynamic environments. Offline data-driven optimization in dynamic environments is a challenging problem because the distribution of collected data varies over time, requiring surrogate models and optimal solutions tracking with time. This paper proposes a knowledge-transfer-based data-driven optimization algorithm to address these issues. First, an ensemble learning method is adopted to train surrogate models to leverage the knowledge of data in historical environments as well as adapt to new environments. Specifically, given data in a new environment, a model is constructed with the new data, and the preserved models of historical environments are further trained with the new data. Then, these models are considered to be base learners and combined as an ensemble surrogate model. After that, all base learners and the ensemble surrogate model are simultaneously optimized in a multitask environment for finding optimal solutions for real fitness functions. In this way, the optimization tasks in the previous environments can be used to accelerate the tracking of the optimum in the current environment. Since the ensemble model is the most accurate surrogate, we assign more individuals to the ensemble surrogate than its base learners. Empirical results on six dynamic optimization benchmark problems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with four state-of-the-art offline data-driven optimization algorithms. Code is available at https://github.com/Peacefulyang/DSE_MFS.git.
Diagnostic Peritoneal Aspiration or Lavage in Stratified Groups of Hypotensive Blunt Trauma Patients
Authors: Aryan Negaar , Grigorian Areg , Kong Allen , Schubl Sebastian , Dolich Matthew , Santos Jeffrey , Lekawa Michael , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: May 2023

Background Some reports suggest Diagnostic peritoneal aspiration (DPA) or lavage (DPL) may better select which hypotensive blunt trauma patients (BTPs) require operation, compared to ultrasonography. However, whether both moderately hypotensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] < 90 mmHg) and severely hypotensive (SBP < 70 mmHg) patients benefit from DPA/DPL is unclear. We hypothesized DPA/DPL used within the first hour increases risk of death for severely vs moderately hypotensive BTPs. Methods The 2017-2019 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was queried for BTPs ≥ 18 years old with hypotension upon arrival. We compared moderately and severely hypotensive groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed controlling for age, comorbidities, emergent operation, blood transfusions, and injury profile. Results From 134 hypotensive patients undergoing DPA/DPL, 66 (49.3%) had severe hypotension. Patients in both groups underwent an emergent operation (43.9% vs 58.8%, P = .09) in a similar amount of time (median, 42-min vs 54-min, P = .11). Compared to the moderately hypotensive group, severely hypotensive patients had a higher rate and associated risk of death (84.8% vs 50.0%, P < .001) (OR 5.40, CI 2.07-14.11, P < .001). The strongest independent risk factor for death was age ≥ 65 (OR 24.81, CI 4.06-151.62, P < .001). Discussion Among all BTPs undergoing DPA/DPL within the first hour of arrival, an over 5-fold increased risk of death for patients with severe hypotension was demonstrated. As such, DPA/DPL within this group should be used with caution, particularly for older patients, as they may be better served by immediate surgeries. Future prospective research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the ideal DPA/DPL population in the modern era of ultrasonography.