bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated patent classification for crop protection via domain adaptation
Authors: Christofidellis Dimitrios , Lehmann Marzena Maria , Luksch Torsten , Stenta Marco , Manica Matteo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPatents show how technology evolves in most scientific fields over time. The best way to use this valuable knowledge base is to use efficient and effective information retrieval and searches for related prior art. Patent classification, that is, assigning a patent to one or more predefined categories, is a fundamental step towards synthesizing the information content of an invention. To this end, architectures based on Transformers, especially those derived from the BERT family have already been proposed in the literature and they have shown remarkable results by setting a new state‐of‐the‐art performance for the classification task. Here, we study how domain adaptation can push the performance boundaries in patent classification by rigorously evaluating and implementing a collection of recent transfer learning techniques, for example, domain‐adaptive pretraining and adapters. Our analysis shows how leveraging these advancements enables the development of state‐of‐the‐art models with increased precision, recall, and F1‐score. We base our evaluation on both standard patent classification datasets derived from patent offices‐defined code hierarchies and more practical real‐world use‐case scenarios containing labels from the agrochemical industrial domain. The application of these domain adapted techniques to patent classification in a multilingual setting is also examined and evaluated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA): A Suitable Reagent for Direct Glycosylations of C1‐Hemiacetals with Different Nucleophiles
Authors: Khanam Ariza , Javed  , Lal Mohan , Kumar Mandal Pintu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTrichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), a readily accessible, inexpensive, shelf‐stable, and non‐toxic reagent in combination with PPh3, has been used for dehydrative glycosylation reactions with furanose, pyranose, and deoxy‐sugar hemiacetals. The methodology provides a mild reaction condition, good functional group tolerance, featuring a wide variety of substrate scope using O‐, C‐, N‐, and S‐based nucleophiles with good to excellent yields and majority α‐selectivity in case of O‐glycosides while the stereoselectivity in case of C‐, N‐ and S‐ glycosides depends upon the nature of nucleophiles. Notably, this mild dehydrative glycosylation system also provides a reliable method for the synthesis of challenging phenolic glycosides. The progress of the dehydrative glycosylation reaction was monitored by mass and NMR spectroscopy and it is hypothesized that alkoxyphosphonium ions might be the reactive intermediate formed in this process, supported by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
Simulating the multicausality of Alzheimer's disease with system dynamics
Authors: Uleman Jeroen F. , Melis René J. F. , Ntanasi Eva , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Hoekstra Alfons G. , Quax Rick , Rikkert Marcel G. M. Olde ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive decline is driven by various interlinking causal factors. Systems thinking could help elucidate this multicausality and identify opportune intervention targets.MethodsWe developed a system dynamics model (SDM) of sporadic AD with 33 factors and 148 causal links calibrated with empirical data from two studies. We tested the SDM's validity by ranking intervention outcomes on 15 modifiable risk factors to two sets of 44 and 9 validation statements based on meta‐analyses of observational data and randomized controlled trials, respectively.ResultsThe SDM answered 77% and 78% of the validation statements correctly. Sleep quality and depressive symptoms yielded the largest effects on cognitive decline with which they were connected through strong reinforcing feedback loops, including via phosphorylated tau burden.DiscussionSDMs can be constructed and validated to simulate interventions and gain insight into the relative contribution of mechanistic pathways.
An ionic liquid‐enhanced soy protein adhesive with high bonding strength and antibacterial activity
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Yanchao , Gao Haixiang , Zhou Wenfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraditional formaldehyde resin adhesives can release harmful substances, which endanger human health and contribute to environmental pollution. The development of alternative high‐performance, environmentally benign adhesives is therefore of great importance. In this study, we evaluate the effect of several additives on the properties and performance of soy protein isolate adhesive, a bio‐based adhesive. Triglycidyl isocyanurate, a chemically cross‐linker, 1,3‐dimethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([MMIM]PF6), a crystalline ionic compound, and borax, which is covalently reactive with hydroxyl groups, were added to soy protein isolate to build a dense network structure. The wet shear strength of the adhesive prepared with all additives was 109% greater than that of the unmodified soy protein isolate adhesive (1.34 vs. 0.64 MPa). This improvement is due to the synergistic enhancement of the bonding strength through covalent cross‐linking and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. In addition, the anti‐fungal properties of the adhesive were significantly improved through the use of chemical additives. This work provides a new approach for the preparation of high‐performance, antimicrobial, bio‐based adhesives, which will be beneficial in the development of greener alternatives to commonplace chemicals.
Preface: 10th International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics, from Quarks to Cosmos—IWARA 2022
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Sacahui Reyes José Rodrigo , Hess Peter O. , Piccinelli Gabriella , Vargas Magaña Mariana , Gonzalez Felipe Ricardo , Boller Thomas , Gullberg Steven , Hadjimichef Dimiter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe outline our experience in organizing the 10th edition of the International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics: from Quarks to Cosmos, IWARA2022, in hybrid format, combining virtual and face‐to‐face sessions. The meeting was held from 05 to 09 September, 2022, in Antigua, Guatemala.
Investigation of bacteria and detergent residues on undergraduate students' dinner plates in dormitories during university lockdown
Authors: Bao Mengfan , Qin Ningyi , E Yifeng , Qiao Haixia , Zhuang Pengfei , Mei Xifan , Li Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 outbreak has disrupted undergraduate students' experiments since their access to the laboratory is limited. To address this problem, the bacteria and detergent residues on undergraduate students' dinner plates were investigated by the students in the dormitories. Five different types of dinner plates from 50 students were collected, which were cleaned with detergent and water in the same way and naturally dried. Then, Escherichia coli (E. coli) test papers and sodium dodecyl sulfonate test kits were used to understand the bacteria and detergent residuals. Commonly available equipment such as a yogurt maker was used for bacterial culture; detergent analyses were performed using centrifugation tubes. Effective sterilization methods and safety protection were achieved by dormitory available methods. According to the investigated results, the students found the differences in bacteria and detergent residuals between different dinner plates and made suitable choices for the future.
Evaluating multiproduct chromatography Protein A resin reuse for monoclonal antibodies in biopharmaceutical manufacturing
Authors: Ravi Nivetita , Huerta Javier , Ferreira Gisela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn good manufacturing practice (GMP) facilities in the biopharmaceutical industry, chromatography resins are largely underutilized during purification of single drug products during clinical production. Chromatography resins are dedicated to a specific product and disposed of, after only a fraction of their lifetime due to concerns of potential product carryover from one program to another. In this study, we follow a resin lifetime methodology typically used for commercial submissions and apply it to determine the feasibility of purifying different products on a Protein A MabSelect PrismA™ resin. Three distinct monoclonal antibodies were used as model molecules. Column performance was monitored through chromatogram profiles, yield, clearance capability of selected media components, pressure and product quality. A protein carryover study was designed to demonstrate that the column cleaning procedures reduced protein carryover to safe cleanliness levels regardless of multiple product contact cycles and the order in which the mAbs are captured. Data show that up to 90 total cycles (30 cycles per antibody), there was negligible protein carryover and impact on process performance. Product quality was consistent, with the only meaningful trends found for the leached Protein A ligand, without affecting the conclusion of the study. While the study was restricted to three antibodies, the proof of concept for resin reuse was demonstrated.
Scrutinizing Intrinsic Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of a Fe−N−C Catalyst via Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy
Authors: Limani Ndrina , Batsa Tetteh Emmanuel , Kim Moonjoo , Quast Thomas , Scorsone Emmanuel , Jousselme Bruno , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Cornut Renaud 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon‐based nanomaterials are renowned for their exceptional properties, making them propitious candidates for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. However, their intrinsic activity is often challenging to investigate unambiguously with conventional methodologies due to the inherent complexities of such systems and the material itself. Zooming into the material and gaining electrochemical information with high resolution is a way to get rid of many experimental factors that influence the catalytic activity in macro‐scale measurements. Herein, we employ nano‐scale scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) to investigate individual catalyst agglomerates with and without Nafion content. The intrinsic ORR activity of the catalyst was unravelled by using a unique approach of normalizing the data of all measured points by their distinctive electrochemical surface area (ECSA). When coupling with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the structure and morphology of the catalytically active agglomerates were visualized.
Ultra‐low single‐atom Pt on g‐C3N4 for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Yang Hongcen , Lu Niandi , Zhang Juntao , Wang Rui , Tian Shuhao , Wang Mengjun , Wang Zhixia , Tao Kun , Ma Fei , Peng Shanglong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlatinum‐based materials show excellent electrocatalytic performance and have good potential for use in fuel cells. However, the high cost and scarce reserves have restricted their wide application. Therefore, it is a challenging task to reduce the amount of Pt as well as ensure good catalytic performance. Herein, anchoring of Pt single atoms (0.21 wt‰) with ultra‐low content on g‐C3N4 nanosheets (Pt0.21/CN) has been successfully achieved. The obtained Pt0.21/CN catalyst shows excellent two‐electron oxygen reduction (2e− ORR) capability for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Compared with CN, its H2O2 selectivity increased from 80% to 98% in 0.1 M KOH, surpassing those in most of the reported studies. Besides, the H2O2 production rate of Pt0.21/CN is 767 mmol gcat−1 h−1, which is 11.1 times that of CN. This work may pave the way toward the development of an effective method for the design of noble‐metal electrocatalysts with low metal loading and high catalytic activity.
Insights into the Conformational Plasticity of the Protein Kinase Akt1 by Multi‐Lateral Dipolar Spectroscopy
Authors: Stehle Juliane , Weisner Jörn , Eichhorn Leanne , Rauh Daniel , Drescher Malte 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe serine/threonine kinase Akt1 is part of the PI3 K/Akt pathway and plays a key role in the regulation of various cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we analyzed the elasticity between the two domains of the kinase Akt1, connected by a flexible linker, recording a wide variety of distance restraints by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We studied full length Akt1 and the influence of the cancer‐associated mutation E17K. The conformational landscape in the presence of different modulators, like different types of inhibitors and membranes was presented, revealing a tuned flexibility between the two domains, dependent on the bound molecule.
A Non‐Hydrolysis Reaction‐Based Imine for Fluorescence Response toward Al3+ Ions with Extremely High Selectivity
Authors: Jiang Xu , Ji Rui‐Xue , Shen Jiang‐Shan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesigning an imine‐based fluorescent probe capable of greatly suppressing the tendency of intrinsic hydrolysis reaction is an attractive topic in the field of chemo‐/biosensing. In this work, hydrophobic 1,1’‐binaphthyl‐2,2’‐diamine containing two amine groups was introduced to synthesize probe R‐1 bearing two imine bonds linked by two salicylaldehyde (SAs). The hydrophobicity of binaphthyl moiety and the unique clamp‐like structure formed from double imine bonds and from ortho‐OH on SA part make probe R‐1 is able to function as an ideal receptor to coordinate with Al3+ ions, leading to the fluorescence originated from the complex rather than from the assumed hydrolyzed fluorescent amine is turned on. Further study revealed that, when Al3+ ions were introduced, both the hydrophobic binaphthyl moiety and the clamp‐like double imine structure in the designed imine‐based probe showed important contributions to suppress the intrinsic hydrolysis reaction, resulting in generating a stable coordination complex with an extremely high selectivity in fluorescence response.
Enzymatic Synthesis of High‐Density RNA Microarrays
Authors: Schaudy Erika , Lietard Jory , Somoza Mark M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOligonucleotide microarrays are used to investigate the interactome of nucleic acids. DNA microarrays are commercially available, whereas equivalent RNA microarrays are not. This protocol describes a method to convert DNA microarrays of any density and complexity into RNA microarrays using only readily available materials and reagents. This simple conversion protocol will facilitate the accessibility of RNA microarrays to a wide range of researchers. In addition to general considerations for the design of a template DNA microarray, this procedure describes the experimental steps of hybridization of an RNA primer to the immobilized DNA, followed by its covalent attachment via psoralen‐mediated photocrosslinking. The subsequent enzymatic processing steps comprise the extension of the primer with T7 RNA polymerase to generate complementary RNA, and finally the removal of the DNA template with TURBO DNase. Beyond the conversion process, we also describe approaches to detect the RNA product either by internal labeling with fluorescently labeled NTPs or via hybridization to the product strand, a step that can then be complemented by an RNase H assay to confirm the nature of the product. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Conversion of a DNA microarray to an RNA microarrayAlternate Protocol: Detection of RNA via incorporation of Cy3‐UTPSupport Protocol 1: Detection of RNA via hybridizationSupport Protocol 2: RNase H assay
An equivalent modeling method of passive components with multi‐resonant frequency
Authors: Pan Zeyu , Ren Dan , Spiazzi Giorgio , Wei Siqi , Yang Jinsheng , Nie Bao‐Lin , Du Pingan 
Published: February 2023

SummaryHigh‐frequency characteristics of passive components are crucial to the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of an electronic system, and modeling of passive components is of significance for EMC analysis. However, challenges remain in the modeling of passive components with multiple resonant frequencies. In this paper, a method for establishing equivalent models of multi‐resonant frequency passive components, including capacitors, inductors, and resistors, is proposed. Firstly, high‐frequency equivalent circuit topologies of the multi‐resonant frequency passive components, which are simple, easy to understand, and can be applied to the modeling of passive components with various impedance characteristics, are developed. Secondly, a calculation method of equivalent circuit parameters based on least squares and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is presented, which is not sensitive to the initial value, only needs the estimated range of the equivalent circuit parameters, and very suitable for getting the parameters of equivalent circuit models accurately and efficiently. Finally, to validate the method, some SPICE models of single components are established, and a PCB‐level EMC analysis is implemented. The comparisons of the simulated and experimental results show the validity and accuracy of the method. The method is very useful for future components modeling when doing EMC design or other high‐frequency designs.
Spatial and temporal resource partitioning in a mixed‐species colony of avian echolocators
Authors: Sadanandan Keren R. , Tan Hui Zhen , Lim Hong Yao , Tan Yi Gain , Lee Grace , Chan Lena , Pei Yifan , Rheindt Frank E. , Baldwin Maude W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResource partitioning may facilitate the coexistence of sympatric species with similar ecological requirements. Here, we study a colony of unusual echolocating birds called swiftlets, which nest underground on an island off the coast of Singapore. The colony comprises two congeneric swiftlet species, black‐nest swiftlets (Aerodramus maximus) and edible‐nest swiftlets (A. fuciphagus), nesting at high densities and in close proximity. Bioacoustic recordings and monitoring of nesting biology at the site across multiple seasons revealed significant differences in echolocation calls as well as survival rates between the species, with the larger black‐nest swiftlet nesting at locations with the highest fledging rates. We also observe an additional off‐season breeding peak by the smaller species, the edible‐nest swiftlet. Unexpectedly, off‐season egg‐hatching rates were significantly higher compared with the rates during the shared breeding season (mean difference = 14%). Our study on the breeding biology of these echolocating cave‐dwelling birds provides an example of spatial and temporal strategies that animals employ to partition resources within a confined habitat.
Cationic Symmetrically and Unsymmetrically Substituted Diboranes and Bis(diboranes) with Direct Boron‐Boron Bond: Synthesis by Substitution, Stability and Properties
Authors: Kistner Lucas , Filbeck Erik , Ihle Patrick , Bučak Gasser David , Häussermann Sebastian W. H. , Kowatsch Dario , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStarting with diboranes with two electron‐rich bridging bicyclic guanidinate substituents, we report in this work the rational synthesis of new dicationic symmetrically‐ and unsymmetrically‐substituted diboranes in SN1‐type substitution reactions in which triflato or bromo substituents are replaced by neutral Lewis bases. The scope of such substitution reactions and their rate are analyzed with different pyridine derivatives of variable Lewis basicity. The first substitution step, leading to a monocationic diborane with one anionic substituent (triflate or bromide) and one neutral Lewis base, proceeds much faster than the second substitution step leading to a dicationic diborane with two neutral Lewis bases. The different time scales for the substitution steps could be used to conveniently synthesize in one‐pot reactions several dicationic, unsymmetrically‐substituted diboranes with two different neutral Lewis bases.
Sensor design strategy for environmental and biological monitoring
Authors: Heo Jun Hyuk , Sung Minchul , Trung Tran Quang , Lee Yullim , Jung Do Hyeon , Kim Hajeong , Kaushal Sandeep , Lee Nae‐Eung , Kim Jin Woong , Lee Jung Heon , Cho Soo‐Yeon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRapid industrial growth has severely impacted ecosystems and aggravated economic and health risks to society. Monitoring of ecosystems is fundamental to our understanding of how ecosystem change impacts resources and is critical for developing data‐based sustainability. Thus, the design and development of optimized sensors for ecosystem monitoring have received increasing attention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of systematic sensor design strategies for ecosystem monitoring from the material level to the form factor level. We discuss the fundamental transducing mechanisms of a representative sensor system including optical, electrical, and electrochemical sensors. We then review the sensor interfacing strategy for achieving stable and real‐time monitoring of environmental biochemical factors from air, water, soil, and living organisms. Finally, we provide a summary of the current performance and prospects of this state‐of‐the‐art sensor technology and an outlook on opportunities for possible future research directions in this emerging field.image
Chronic changes in oligodendrocyte sub‐populations after middle cerebral artery occlusion in neonatal mice
Authors: Frazier Alexandra P. , Mitchell Danae N. , Given Katherine S. , Hunn Genevieve , Burch Amelia M. , Childs Christine R. , Moreno‐Garcia Myriam , Corigilano Michael R. , Quillinan Nidia , Macklin Wendy B. , Herson Paco S. , Dingman Andra L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeonatal stroke is common and causes life‐long motor and cognitive sequelae. Because neonates with stroke are not diagnosed until days‐months after the injury, chronic targets for repair are needed. We evaluated oligodendrocyte maturity and myelination and assessed oligodendrocyte gene expression changes using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) at chronic timepoints in a mouse model of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Mice underwent 60 min of transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on postnatal day 10 (p10) and received 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) on post‐MCAO days 3–7 to label dividing cells. Animals were sacrificed 14 and 28–30 days post‐MCAO for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Oligodendrocytes were isolated from striatum 14 days post‐MCAO for scRNA seq and differential gene expression analysis. The density of Olig2+EdU+ cells was significantly increased in ipsilateral striatum 14 days post‐MCAO and the majority of oligodendrocytes were immature. Density of Olig2+EdU+ cells declined significantly between 14 and 28 days post‐MCAO without a concurrent increase in mature Olig2+EdU+ cells. By 28 days post‐MCAO there were significantly fewer myelinated axons in ipsilateral striatum. scRNA seq identified a cluster of “disease associated oligodendrocytes (DOLs)” specific to the ischemic striatum, with increased expression of MHC class I genes. Gene ontology analysis suggested decreased enrichment of pathways involved in myelin production in the reactive cluster. Oligodendrocytes proliferate 3–7 days post‐MCAO and persist at 14 days, but fail to mature by 28 days. MCAO induces a subset of oligodendrocytes with reactive phenotype, which may be a therapeutic target to promote white matter repair.