bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for advanced, resectable non–small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Yajing , Verma Vivek , Gay Carl M. , Chen Yujia , Liang Fei , Lin Qiang , Wang Jianing , Zhang Wei , Hui Zhouguang , Zhao Min , Wang Jun , Chang Joe Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant immunotherapy (nIT) is a rapidly emerging paradigm for advanced resectable non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objectives of this PRISMA/MOOSE/PICOD‐guided systematic review and meta‐analysis were (1) to assess the safety and efficacy of nIT, (2) to compare the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (nCIT) versus chemotherapy alone (nCT), and (3) to explore predictors of pathologic response with nIT and their association with outcomes.MethodsEligibility was resectable stage I–III NSCLC and the receipt of programmed death‐1/programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1)/cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte–associated antigen‐4 inhibitors before resection; other forms and modalities of neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapies were allowed. For statistical analysis, the Mantel–Haenszel fixed‐effect or random‐effect model was used, depending on the heterogeneity (I2).ResultsSixty‐six articles met the criteria (eight randomized studies, 39 prospective nonrandomized studies, and 19 retrospective studies). The pooled pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 28.1%. The estimated grade ≥3 toxicity rate was 18.0%. Compared with nCT, nCIT achieved higher rates of pCR (odds ratio [OR], 7.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.49–12.97; p < .001), progression‐free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51; 95% CI, 0.38–0.67; p < .001), and overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36–0.74; p = .0003) but yielded similar toxicity rates (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.67–1.52; p = .97). The results remained robust on sensitivity analysis when all retrospective publications were removed. pCR was associated with improved PFS (HR, 0.25; 0.15–0.43; p < .001) and OS (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10–0.67; p = .005). PD‐L1 expressors (≥1%) were more likely to achieve a pCR (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.22–7.03; p = .02).ConclusionsIn patients with advanced resectable NSCLC, neoadjuvant immunotherapy was safe and efficacious. nCIT improved pathologic response rates and PFS/OS over nCT, particularly in patients who had tumors that expressed PD‐L1, without increasing toxicities.Plain Language Summary

This meta‐analysis of 66 studies showed that neoadjuvant immunotherapy for advanced resectable non‐small cell lung cancer is safe and efficacious.
Compared with chemotherapy alone, chemoimmunotherapy improved pathologic response rates and survival, particularly for patients who had tumors that expressed programmed cell death ligand‐1, without increasing toxicities.
Effect of Fluorine Substitution on Absorption and Emission Properties of Figure‐eight‐shaped [5]Helicene Dimer: A Computational Study at RI‐MP2/RI‐ADC(2) Level
Authors: Saharia Abhishek , Mahato Bishwanath , Mishra Brijesh Kurnar , Panda Aditya N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChirality is a very important characteristic of optically active molecules and polyaromatics with helical structures, and plays a vital role in various applications in material science. In the present work, we show the effects of fluorine substitution at various positions in a figure‐8‐shaped [5]helicene dimer on the ground and excited state g‐factors. Calculations for the ground and excited states are performed at the MP2 and ADC(2) levels of theory, respectively. The results reveal that fluorination has a large effect on the excited state structures. The values of the excited state dissymmetry factors for the molecules with fluorinations at both ends of the figure‐8 systems are smaller than that of the parent system. On the other hand, fluorinations only in the stacked‐phenyl region results in an increase in the value of
. The perfluorinated system shows the smallest
.
Advances in natural small molecules on pretranslational regulation of gluconeogenesis
Authors: Wu Xiaoran , Chen Sunhui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDifferent tissues and organs coordinate to keep glucose levels at homeostasis. However, excessive gluconeogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus increases blood glucose and causes dysregulation of homeostasis, which easily induces various diseases. Therefore, inhibiting excessive gluconeogenesis is a potential direction to regulate the disorder of blood glucose homeostasis and treat diabetes. The process of gluconeogenesis can be pretranslationally or posttranslationally regulated, and some natural small molecules can be involved in the pretranslational phase of gluconeogenesis, regulating glucose homeostasis by inhibiting gene expression, interfering with RNA transcription, and antagonizing related proteins. This paper will classify and review the natural small molecules with pretranslational regulation of gluconeogenesis according to the action sites and signaling pathways.
Binge‐spectrum symptoms in their association with higher gestational weight gain
Authors: Bajaj Deepika , Markova Veronika , MacKinnon Anna , Bell Rhonda C. , von Ranson Kristin M. , Letourneau Nicole , Giesbrecht Gerald F. , Tomfohr‐Madsen Lianne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveGestational weight gain (GWG) above or below recommendations is common and has implications for parent and infant health. Bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder during pregnancy have been associated with higher GWG. Yet, little research has examined the associations between binge‐spectrum symptoms and GWG. Likewise, few interventions exist to adequately prevent GWG. The current study investigated a broad range of predictors of GWG, with the goal of identifying potentially modifiable risk factors.MethodWe conducted secondary data analyses of a subsample of individuals from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcome and Nutrition (APrON) longitudinal cohort study. Multinomial logistic regression estimated the odds of gestational weight gain (GWG) outside of Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations and linear regression was used to examine total GWG continuously.ResultsOf the 1644 participants included, 848 (51.6%) exceeded the IOM's guidelines for GWG, and 272 (16.5%) gained below these recommendations. Binge‐spectrum symptom symptomatology during pregnancy was not associated with exceeding GWG recommendations after accounting for post‐secondary education, identifying as European Canadian, and higher pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI). However, greater self‐reported binge‐spectrum symptomatology during pregnancy was associated with higher total GWG after accounting for age, parity, and pre‐pregnancy BMI.ConclusionsIn addition to replicating identified predictors of higher GWG, we found that greater binge‐spectrum symptomatology was associated with higher total GWG. These findings suggest that routine screening for eating pathology during pregnancy may identify those at risk for excess GWG.Public SignificanceGestational weight gain (GWG) outside of recommended ranges is associated with adverse outcomes. Little work has examined the associations between eating disorder symptoms and GWG. This study found that bulimia and binge‐eating symptoms were uniquely associated with higher GWG beyond known risk factors. These findings support routine screening of eating disorder symptoms and interventions to help individuals gain within GWG recommendations during pregnancy.
Guideline for screening antioxidant against lipid‐peroxidation by spectrophotometer
Authors: Li Yue , Si Dun , Sabier Maidinai , Liu Jingjing , Si Jinping , Zhang Xinfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLipid peroxidation (LPO), an oxidative chain reaction often occurring in the human body and food, is harmful to human health. Due to its convenience and low cost, this guideline highlights the benefits and drawbacks of LPO models by spectrophotometer in vitro and in vivo. The preparation process and reaction mechanism of lipid substrates, oxidation triggers and detection methods are discussed in this paper to better screen antioxidants. The lipid substrates mostly consist of rat liver/brain homogenate, microsomal, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and linoleic acid (LA), are appropriate for modeling oxidative damage in a variety of situations. Transition metals, ascorbic acid, 2,2′‐azobis (2‐amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH), sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) make up the majority of the oxidizing triggers. The following LPO quantification techniques have been reviewed: (a) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, (b) measurement of conjugated‐diene (CV), (c) β‐carrot bleaching assay, (d) thiocyanate method, (e) ferrous oxidation‐xylenol orange (FOX‐2) assay. It can be concluded that more than one test system should be applied to obtain comprehensive results. In a word, this guideline provides a scientific basis for future research on antioxidants screening in food and body systems.
Cardio‐hepatic syndrome in patients undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: Stolz Lukas , Orban Mathias , Karam Nicole , Lubos Edith , Wild Mirjam , Weckbach Ludwig , Stocker Thomas J. , Praz Fabien , Braun Daniel , Löw Kornelia , Hausleiter Sebastian , Stark Konstantin , Doldi Philipp , Tence Noemie , Orban Martin , Higuchi Satoshi , Haum Magda , Windecker Stephan , Hagl Christian , Mayerle Julia , Näbauer Michael , Kalbacher Daniel , Massberg Steffen , Hausleiter Jörg 
Published: March 2023

AimsThe impact of the cardio‐hepatic syndrome (CHS) on outcomes in patients undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (M‐TEER) for relevant mitral regurgitation (MR) is unknown. The objectives of this study were three‐fold: (i) to characterize the pattern of hepatic impairment, (ii) to investigate the prognostic value of CHS, and (iii) to evaluate the changes in hepatic function after M‐TEER.Methods and resultsHepatic impairment was quantified by laboratory parameters of liver function. In accordance with existing literature, two types of CHS were distinguished: ischaemic type I CHS (elevation of both transaminases) and cholestatic type II CHS (elevation of two out of three parameters of hepatic cholestasis). The impact of CHS on 2‐year mortality was evaluated using a Cox model. The change in hepatic function after M‐TEER was assessed by laboratory testing at follow‐up. We analysed 1083 patients who underwent M‐TEER for relevant primary or secondary MR at four European centres between 2008 and 2019. Ischaemic type I and cholestatic type II CHS were observed in 11.1% and 23.0% of patients, respectively. Predictors for 2‐year all‐cause mortality differed by MR aetiology. While in primary MR cholestatic type II CHS was independently associated with 2‐year mortality, ischaemic CHS type I was an independent mortality predictor in secondary MR patients. At follow‐up, patients with MR reduction ≤2+ (obtained in 90.7% of patients) presented with improved parameters of hepatic function (median reduction of 0.2 mg/dl, 0.2 U/L and 21 U/L for bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and gamma‐glutamyl transferase, respectively, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe CHS is frequently observed in patients undergoing M‐TEER and significantly impairs 2‐year survival. Successful M‐TEER may have beneficial effects on CHS.
Effects of implementation intentions and mental imagery on subjective binge eating
Authors: Tanis Jorg , Vroling Maartje S. , Maas Joyce , Martijn Carolien , Keijsers Ger P. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveBinge‐eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterised by binge eating. Changing unwanted behaviour is difficult, as intentions do not automatically lead to action. Implementation intentions (IIs) may help bridging the gap between intentions and behaviour. IIs are ‘if‐then’ plans promoting goal attainment. Effects are moderated by degree of plan formation. Using mental imagery (MI) to impress IIs may strengthen plan formation and goal attainment.MethodIn a students' sample with subjective binge eating, we compared IIs without MI, IIs with MI, and a control condition regarding their ability to reduce binge eating. Participants received three II‐sessions and kept food diaries for 4 weeks.ResultsResults showed a significant and medium to large reduction of binge eating in both II‐conditions compared to the control condition, that was sustained for 6 months. No additional effects of MI were found.ConclusionsApplying IIs results in long‐lasting reductions in subjective binge eating. The absence of additional effects of MI may be due to floor effects. Also, participants in the IIs without MI condition may have applied MI without being instructed to do so. In future research, ideally with a clinical sample, it is recommended to prevent or control for this.
Perspective on human papillomavirus infection treatment by vaginal microbiota
Authors: Zhong Lingyan , Zheng Jianxujie , Lin Ling , Cong Qing , Qiao Liang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem affecting middle‐aged women. Almost all cervical cancers are caused by infection of high‐risk human papillomaviruses (hr‐HPV), thus tremendous efforts have been paid to accelerate the clearance of HPV. Vaginal microbiota has been considered to play a vital role in the regulation of cervical health, including HPV clearance. Several studies have focused on the relief of HPV‐related indicators using various microbes from vaginal microbiota, but the mechanism underlined is not fully understood. This perspective summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as clinical trials on the applications of vaginal microbiota to treat HPV infection and proposes topics that can be studied in the future. It is expected that more studies on the mechanism of vaginal microbiota‐regulated HPV infection treatment using in vivo and in vitro models, as well as more clinical trials using various microbes for HPV clearance will be carried out in the future.
An analysis of three chatbots: BlenderBot, ChatGPT and LaMDA
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryGoogle, Facebook, OpenAI, and others have released access to versions of language chatbots that they have developed. These chatbots have been trained on massive amounts of text using neural networks for language processing. Using an approach similar to security penetration testing, this paper investigates and compares three different chatbots, assessing potential strengths and limitations of these systems. The paper presents several findings, including a comparison of those systems across answers to common questions, an analysis of the use of names and activities to guide discussion in two systems, an analysis of the extent of differences in responses arising from “regeneration” of a question, the determination of a weakness in a system of knowing “who” invented something, development of a potential new subfield, sensitive topic classifiers, and an analysis of some of the implications of these findings. As part of this analysis, I find emerging topics in chatbots, such as “topic stalemate” and the use of sensitive topic classifiers.
Impact of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor agonist drugs in a model of nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ali Azza A. , Saad Eman B. , El‐Rhman Rana H. Abd , El‐Raouf Ola M. Abd , Gad Amany M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is one of the basic anticancer drugs, nonetheless its use is restricted due to noxious side effects. Kidney failure is one of the main side effects that restrict its medical use. The current study assessed the nephroprotective effects of fenofibrate and pioglitazone against the renal injury induced by doxorubicin in rats and illustrated the probable mechanisms underlying these protective effects. For this purpose, Male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing (200–230 g) were allocated into seven groups treated for 15 days as following: control (50% corn oil + 50% DMSO p.o), fenofibrate (100 mg/kg p.o) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg p.o) as well as four groups of DOX (15 mg/kg i.p on 11th day). DOX groups included DOX alone and DOX with protective drugs fenofibrate, pioglitazone or both of them. As a result of doxorubicin nephrotoxicity; serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were remarkably elevated. Moreover, renal glutathione was significantly reduced while tissue lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor‐α, nuclear factor‐kappa B p65 (NF‐κB p65), interleukin‐1β, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38‐MAPK) and caspase‐3 (Casp‐3) were significantly augmented. Treatment with fenofibrate and pioglitazone either alone or in combination markedly attenuated DOX‐induced injury by suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. The above‐mentioned biochemical markers were affirmed by histological assessment. In conclusion, fenofibrate, pioglitazone, and their combination possess potential prophylactic effects against doxorubicin‐induced renal injury through modulation of p38‐MAPK/NF‐κB p65 pathway with superiority to the combination.
On the computation of frequency‐dependent molecular magnetizabilities via dynamical charge and current electron densities
Authors: Summa Francesco Ferdinando , Zanasi Riccardo , Lazzeretti Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the computation of molecular dynamic magnetizabilities and magnetic dipole moments, three different reference points are required: (i) origin of coordinate system, (ii) origin of vector potential , and (iii) origin of multipole expansion. This study shows that methods relying on continuous translation of origin of the current density induced by optical magnetic fields provide an effective solution to the problem of choices (i) and (ii), in that they yield origin independent within the algebraic approximation, for any basis set. Frequency‐dependent magnetizabilities are also invariant with respect to (iii), as a consequence of symmetry, for a number of molecular point groups. In molecules of lower symmetries, computed magnetizabilities depend on origin of the multipole expansion. Large basis set computations carried out for water, ammonia, methane, ethane, ethylene, boranylborane, and hydroxilamine, at the DFT level, have been reported to document these statements. A comparison is made for results obtained within the conventional common origin approach for static magnetic field. Sum rules for invariance of computed properties are discussed. Representations of streamlines and stagnation graphs of dynamical current density vector field induced in the water molecule by monochromatic waves of four frequencies are displayed.
Detection of organochlorine pesticides in estuarine sediments of protected wetlands in Taiwan using high‐resolution gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐electron capture detector
Authors: Lai Yin‐Hung , Chi Ki‐Hsien , Zhou Wei‐Xiang , Hsu Yuan‐Cheng , Weng Ying‐Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrace residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in estuarine surface sediments were investigated at three protected wetlands in southern Taiwan using high‐resolution gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) and gas chromatography‐electron capture detector (GC‐ECD). This study facilitates the development of new strategies for investigating OCPs, particularly at background levels. Linear relationships were obtained between total OCP concentrations (∑OCP), as analyzed by HRGC/HRMS, and the sediment's total organic carbon (TOC) and water content. It contrasted with the results acquired by GC‐ECD, where no significant relationship was found. GC‐ECD is a rugged option for daily routine practice, particularly in cases of patterns yielded by GC‐ECD is clear; the HRGC/HRMS method provides more reliable qualitative and quantitative capabilities and is highly recommended for studying the fate of OCPs and carrying out risk assessments. The average ∑OCP of these three wetlands by HRGC/HRMS was found in a range of 0.214 to 1.049 ng/g dry weight. The highest OCP level might be attributed to associated irrigation systems receiving massive discharges of domestic sewage from an urban area upstream of the wetland. The ratio of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to its metabolites indicated that the DDT residue in these areas was from aged input. According to sediment quality guidelines, adverse ecotoxicological effects of OCPs upon sediments were not expected in these protected wetlands.
Mechanochemical β‐Halogenation of nickel(II) porphyrins at room temperature
Authors: Chen Jia‐Xin , Wang Yu‐Ting , Chen Chi‐Min , To Ching Tat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA room temperature and solvent‐free β‐chlorination and β‐bromination protocol for meso‐tetraarylporphyrinato nickel(II) complexes to access the β‐octahalogenated derivatives by ball‐milling is communicated. Various ball‐milling parameters were systematically studied.
Twins Early Development Study (TEDS): A genetically sensitive investigation of mental health outcomes in the mid‐twenties
Authors: Lockhart Celestine , Bright Joanna , Ahmadzadeh Yasmin , Breen Gerome , Bristow Shannon , Boyd Andy , Downs Johnny , Hotopf Matthew , Palaiologou Elisavet , Rimfeld Kaili , Maxwell Jessye , Malanchini Margherita , McAdams Tom A. , McMillan Andrew , Plomin Robert , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is a longitudinal study following a cohort of twins born 1994–1996 in England and Wales. Of the 13,759 families who originally consented to take part, over 10,000 families remain enrolled in the study. The current focus of TEDS is on mental health in the mid‐twenties. Making use of over 25 years of genetically sensitive data, TEDS is uniquely placed to explore the longitudinal genetic and environmental influences on common mental health disorders in early adulthood. This paper outlines recent data collection efforts supporting this work, including a cohort‐wide mental health assessment at age 26 and a multi‐phase Covid‐19 study. It will also provide an update on data linkage efforts and the Children of TEDS (CoTEDS) project.