bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of metabolic reprogramming of oxygen‐induced macrophages in the dynamic changes of atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Shen Lin , Chen Weiyue , Ding Jiayi , Shu Gaofeng , Chen Minjiang , Zhao Zhongwei , Xia Shuiwei , Ji Jiansong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis (As) is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease. Macrophages are the most important immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques, and the phenotype of plaque macrophages shifts dynamically to adapt to changes in the plaque microenvironment. The aerobic microenvironment of early atherosclerotic plaques promotes the transformation of M2/alternatively activated macrophages mainly through oxidative phosphorylation; the anoxic microenvironment of advanced atherosclerotic plaques mainly promotes the formation of M1/classically activated macrophages through anaerobic glycolysis; and the adventitia angiogenesis of aged atherosclerotic plaques leads to an increase in the proportion of M2/M1 macrophages. Therefore, this review deeply elucidates the dynamic change mechanism of plaque macrophages and the regulation of plaque oxygen content and immune metabolism to find new targets for the treatment of As.
A meta-analysis of the efficacy and toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating patients with different types of thyroid cancer: how to choose drugs appropriately?
Authors: Su Jingyang , Lu Jinhua , Zhang Jialin , Wang Menglei , Yan Jiang , Lin Shengyou 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Because the high risk of death and poor prognosis of patients with refractory thyroid cancer (TC), studies related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating different types of refractory TC have gradually attracted attention. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials and single-arm trials to evaluate tyrosine kinase inhibitors’ efficacy and safety profile treatment in TC patients.

Recent findings
The studies of 29 in 287 met the criteria, 9 were randomized controlled trials and 20 were single-arm trials, involving 11 TKIs (Apatinib, Anlotinib, Cabozantinib, Imatinib, Lenvatinib, Motesanib, Pazopanib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib, Vemurafenib). Treatment with TKIs significantly improved progression-free survival [hazard ratio [HR] 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24, 0.48), P < 0.00001] and overall survival [OS] [HR 0.76, (95% CI: 0.64, 0.91), P = 0.003] in randomized controlled trials, but adverse events (AEs) were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.00001). The result of the objective response rate (ORR) in single-arm trials was statistically significant [odds ratio [OR] 0.49 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.75), P = 0.001].

Summary
TKIs significantly prolonged progression-free survival and OS or improved ORR in patients with different types of TC (P < 0.01). Our recommendation is to select appropriate TKIs to treat different types of TC patients, and to prevent and manage drug-related AEs after using TKIs.
Prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes of the young in phenotypic type 2 diabetes in young adults: a nationwide, multi-center, cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhao Jing , Li Xia , Xie Zhiguo , Huang Gan , Yan Xiang , Zhou Houde , Zheng Li , Xu Tao , Zhou Kaixin , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common monogenic diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MODY in phenotypic type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Chinese young adults.

Methods:
From April 2015 to October 2017, this cross-sectional study involved 2429 consecutive patients from 46 hospitals in China, newly diagnosed between 15 years and 45 years, with T2DM phenotype and negative for standardized glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody at the core laboratory. Sequencing using a custom monogenic diabetes gene panel was performed, and variants of 14 MODY genes were interpreted as per current guidelines.

Results:
The survey determined 18 patients having genetic variants causing MODY (6 HNF1A, 5 GCK, 3 HNF4A, 2 INS, 1 PDX1, and 1 PAX4). The prevalence of MODY was 0.74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.08%). The clinical characteristics of MODY patients were not specific, 72.2% (13/18) of them were diagnosed after 35 years, 47.1% (8/17) had metabolic syndrome, and only 38.9% (7/18) had a family history of diabetes. No significant difference in manifestations except for hemoglobin A1c levels was found between MODY and non-MODY patients.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of MODY in young adults with phenotypic T2DM was 0.74%, among which HNF1A-, GCK-, and HNF4A-MODY were the most common subtypes. Clinical features played a limited role in the recognition of MODY.
Blood pressure variability: methodological aspects, clinical relevance and practical indications for management - a European Society of Hypertension position paper ∗
Authors: Parati Gianfranco , Bilo Grzegorz , Kollias Anastasios , Pengo Martino , Ochoa Juan Eugenio , Castiglioni Paolo , Stergiou George S. , Mancia Giuseppe , Asayama Kei , Asmar Roland , Avolio Alberto , Caiani Enrico G. , De La Sierra Alejandro , Dolan Eamon , Grillo Andrea , Guzik Przemysław , Hoshide Satoshi , Head Geoffrey A. , Imai Yutaka , Juhanoja Eeva , Kahan Thomas , Kario Kazuomi , Kotsis Vasilios , Kreutz Reinhold , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Li Yan , Manios Efstathios , Mihailidou Anastasia S. , Modesti Pietro Amedeo , Omboni Stefano , Palatini Paolo , Persu Alexandre , Protogerou Athanasios D. , Saladini Francesca , Salvi Paolo , Sarafidis Pantelis , Torlasco Camilla , Veglio Franco , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: February 2023

Blood pressure is not a static parameter, but rather undergoes continuous fluctuations over time, as a result of the interaction between environmental and behavioural factors on one side and intrinsic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms on the other side. Increased blood pressure variability (BPV) may indicate an impaired cardiovascular regulation and may represent a cardiovascular risk factor itself, having been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and dementia incidence. Nonetheless, BPV was considered only a research issue in previous hypertension management guidelines, because the available evidence on its clinical relevance presents several gaps and is based on heterogeneous studies with limited standardization of methods for BPV assessment.
The aim of this position paper, with contributions from members of the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability and from a number of international experts, is to summarize the available evidence in the field of BPV assessment methodology and clinical applications and to provide practical indications on how to measure and interpret BPV in research and clinical settings based on currently available data. Pending issues and clinical and methodological recommendations supported by available evidence are also reported. The information provided by this paper should contribute to a better standardization of future studies on BPV, but should also provide clinicians with some indications on how BPV can be managed based on currently available data.
Oscillometric pulse wave velocity estimated via the Mobil-O-Graph shows excellent accuracy in children, adolescents and young adults: an invasive validation study
Authors: Walser Matthias , Schlichtiger Jenny , Dalla-Pozza Robert , Mandilaras Guido , Tengler Anja , Ulrich Sarah , Oberhoffer Felix Sebastian , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Böhm Birgit , Haas Nikolaus A. , Jakob André 
Published: February 2023

Aims:
Increased arterial stiffness, measured as arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) is associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk. Although noninvasive PWV measurement methods have been validated by invasive measurement, there is little such data on pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to ‘fill the gap’ by validating PWV obtained by Mobil-O-Graph in children, adolescents in comparison to young adults.

Methods:
Sixty patients (25 male, mean age 16.6 years; range 3–35 years) were included in this study. Fifty-one patients underwent cardiac catheterization after a heart transplantation (HTX) and nine for interventional atrial septal defect-closure. Specific invasive pulse wave velocities were assessed for the ascending aorta (aPWV) and entire central aorta (cPWV). These invasive PWV results were compared to simultaneously measured brachial cuff readings using Mobil-O-Graph (oPWV) stratified by age in two groups (PEDIATRICS <18 years|ADULTS ≥18 years).

Results:
Correlation analysis showed a positive linear relation between both invasive PWV measurements and the oPWV in all ages (cPWV/oPWV: r = 0.417, aPWV/oPWV: r = 0.628; P < 0.001). The oPWV data agreed better with the aPWV in mean-value comparisons and correlations with mean difference in PEDIATRICS was 0.41 ± 0.41 m/s (95% confidence interval 0.27–0.55). We also found the cPWV to be faster than the aPWV particularly in adults. In addition, cPWV correlated closer with age (r = 0.393, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Estimated oPWV using the Mobil-O-Graph demonstrated excellent accuracy in adults and pediatric patients. Therefore, the Mobil-O-Graph can be implemented as an ambulatory PWV measuring tool for pediatric cardiovascular risk stratification.

Clinical Trial Registration:
German clinical trial registration, DRKS00015066.
Association between Dyslipidemia and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Akowuah Prince Kwaku , Owusu Ebenezer , Senanu Esther Nutifafa , Adjei-Anang Joseph 
Published: February 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
Meibomian gland dysfunction reduces the quality and/or quantity of meibum. An association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction has been proposed, but this has not been estimated. Therefore, this study evaluates the odds of dyslipidemia in meibomian gland dysfunction.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to use meta-analysis to estimate the association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction.

METHODS
The following databases were searched: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Case-control and cohort studies assessing the association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction were included. The association was assessed using odds ratios. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with the χ
2 statistic and degree of inconsistency. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022347982).

RESULTS
The systematic review included three case-control and two cohort studies. The odds of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in meibomian gland dysfunction were 5.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 17.95) and 3.28 (95% CI, 1.25 to 8.62), respectively. The odds of elevated serum low-density lipoprotein and reduced high-density lipoprotein in meibomian gland dysfunction were 2.72 (95% CI, 1.24 to 5.98) and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.79), respectively. The current study's limitation is that the effects of sex, age, and meibomian gland dysfunction severity on the association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction were not assessed.

CONCLUSIONS
The current study suggests a significant association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction. This finding suggests that meibomian gland dysfunction diagnosis may call for dyslipidemia screening.
Imaging Gallbladder Lesions: What Can Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Add to the Conventional Imaging Approach?
Authors: Sabaté-Llobera Aida , Reynés-Llompart Gabriel , Mestres-Martí Judit , Gràcia-Sánchez Laura , Lladó Laura , Serrano Teresa , Ramos Emilio , Cortés-Romera Montserrat 
Published: February 2023

Objective
Incidental gallbladder lesions are common in imaging studies, although it is not always easy to discriminate benign lesions from gallbladder cancer with conventional imaging procedures. The present study aims to assess the capacity of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[18F]FDG to distinguish between benign and malignant pathology of the gallbladder, compared with conventional imaging techniques (contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging).

Methods
Positron emission tomography/CT and conventional imaging studies of 53 patients with gallbladder lesions were evaluated and visually classified as benign, malignant, or inconclusive. Agreement between PET/CT and conventional imaging was determined, and imaging findings were correlated with histology or follow-up. Positron emission tomography/CT images were also analyzed semiquantitatively (SUVmax and maximum tumor-to-liver ratio [TLRmax]). The presence of adenopathies and distant metastases was assessed and compared between both imaging procedures.

Results
According to histology or follow-up, 33 patients (62%) had a malignant process and 20 (38%) had benign lesions. Positron emission tomography/CT and conventional imaging showed a moderate agreement (κ = 0.59). Conventional imaging classified more studies as inconclusive compared with PET/CT (17.0% and 7.5%, respectively), although both procedures showed a similar accuracy. Malignant lesions had significantly higher SUVmax and, especially, TLRmax (0.89 and 2.38 [P = 0.00028] for benign and malignant lesions, respectively). Positron emission tomography/CT identified more pathologic adenopathies and distant metastases, and patients with regional or distant spread had higher SUVmax and TLRmax in the gallbladder.

Conclusions
Positron emission tomography/CT is accurate to distinguish between benign and malignant pathology of the gallbladder, with a similar performance to conventional imaging procedures but with less inconclusive results. Malignant lesions present higher SUVmax and TLRmax values.
Early Positive Brain 18F-FDG PET and Negative MRI in Rasmussen Encephalitis
Authors: Thomé Ursula , Machado Hélio Rubens , Santos Marcelo Volpon , Santos Antonio Carlos , Wichert-Ana Lauro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 15-year-old adolescent boy with left body epilepsia partialis continua, hemiparesis, and electroencephalogram abnormalities lateralized to the right hemisphere. MRI finding was small hyperintense signal in the left putamen. 18F-FDG PET showed focal glucose hypermetabolism in the right paracentral lobule and hypometabolism in the inferior right frontal and precentral gyri. One month later, a new MRI showed a hyperintense signal over the paracentral lobule. Biopsy on this region confirmed the diagnosis of Rasmussen encephalitis. This patient finally underwent right hemispherotomy and became seizure free. This case emphasize the PET as an important early tool for the diagnosis of Rasmussen encephalitis.
Detection of Malpositioned VP Shunt Catheter by Radionuclide CSF Cisternography
Authors: Jo Nahyun , Edhayan Gautam , Owji Shahin , Villanueva-Meyer Javier , Bhargava Peeyush 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 37-year-old man presented with a 2-week history of abdominal pain, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and leukocytosis. Medical history includes congenital hydrocephalus, with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placed several years ago. Radionuclide cerebrospinal fluid cisternography shows curvilinear activity in the abdomen, in the pattern of small and large bowel loops, suggesting that the tip of the catheter is inside a small bowel loop. No activity is seen in the intraperitoneal compartment. CT of the abdomen and pelvis followed by laparoscopic surgery confirmed the findings.
18FDG PET/CT Tumoral and Neurologic Therapeutic Response in a Case of Anti-GABABR Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis
Authors: Ouvrard Eric , Voulleminot Paul , Mennecier Bertrand , Bund Caroline , Namer Izzie Jacques 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 70-year-old man with a history of small cell lung carcinoma 2 years earlier was addressed for the suspicion of a paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Brain 18FDG PET/CT revealed a bilateral amygdalian and hippocampal hypermetabolism, confirming a limbic encephalitis, and concurrent whole-body 18FDG PET/CT showed a small cell lung carcinoma plurifocal metastatic recurrence, consistent with a paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. 18FDG PET/CT follow-up under chemotherapy revealed an almost complete normalization of brain metabolism and a partial metabolic response of the metastatic recurrence, consistent with the good clinical neurological evolution of the patient. This case highlights the clinical-metabolic imaging correlation in paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.
Cardiologist Evaluation and Approval Was the Primary Predictor of Kidney Transplant Candidacy and Transplantation Among Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Madden Michelle , Gallen Rory , Newman Hana R. , Zhang Nan , Lim Elisabeth , LeMond Lisa M. , Steidley D. Eric , Keddis Mira T. 
Published: February 2023

Background.
End-stage kidney disease patients with concomitant heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction are often denied kidney transplantation. The aims of this study were to explore factors predictive of suitability for kidney transplant and to assess cardiovascular outcomes in patients with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after transplant.

Methods.
We evaluated 109 consecutive adults with LVEF ≤40% at the time of initial kidney transplant evaluation between 2013 and 2018. Posttransplant cardiovascular outcomes were defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), admission for HF, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality.

Results.
A cardiologist participated in kidney transplant evaluation for 87% of patients and was present at 49% of transplant selection conferences. Twenty-four patients (22%) were denied by a cardiologist for kidney transplant‚ and 59 (54%) were denied by the selection committee, of whom 43 were because of cardiovascular risk. Forty-two (38%) patients were approved for kidney transplant. On univariate analysis, the variables associated with denial for kidney transplant included cardiologist denial, higher cardiac troponin T, prior coronary intervention, cardiovascular event, positive stress study, lower ejection fraction, and lower VO2 max (all P < 0.05). Cardiologist denial was the most significant predictor of denial for kidney transplant in different multivariate models. At a median follow-up of 15 mo, 5 (5%) suffered nonfatal MI, 13 (12%) were hospitalized for HF exacerbation, and 17 (16%) died. Only 22 patients, 52% of those approved, underwent kidney transplant. After kidney transplant, there was 1 death, 1 nonfatal MI, and 3 hospitalizations for HF. Median LVEF improved from 38% before listing to 55% posttransplant.

Conclusions.
Cardiologist denial was the primary predictor of rejection for kidney transplant. Despite careful selection, prevalence of cardiovascular events and mortality after kidney transplant was 23%. There is need for a structured multidisciplinary approach for patients with impaired LVEF.
Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Southern States
Authors: Laughlin Amy I , Li Tingting , Yu Qingzhao , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Yi Yong , Hsieh Mei-Chin , Havron William , Shoup Margo , Chu Quyen D 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Medicaid expansion impacted patients when assessed at a national level. However, of the 32 states that expanded Medicaid, only three were Southern states. Whether results apply to Southern states that share similar geopolitical perspectives remains elusive. We aimed to assess the impact of Medicaid expansion on breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in 8 Southern states in the US.

Study Design:
We identified uninsured or Medicaid patients (age 40-64yr) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer 2011-2018 in Southern states from the NAACCR’s CiNA Research Dataset. Medicaid-expanded states ((MES), Louisiana, Kentucky, Arkansas) were compared to non-MES ((NMES), Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Oklahoma) using multivariate logistic regression and differences- in-differences (DiD) analyses over pre-and post-expansion periods, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Among 21,974 patients, patients in MES had increased odds of Medicaid insurance by 43% (OR 1.43, p<0.01) and decreased odds of distant-stage disease by 7% (OR 0.93, p=0.03). After ME, Medicaid patients increased by 10.6% in MES (Arkansas, Kentucky), in contrast to a 1.3% decrease in NMES (DiD 11.9%, p<0. 0001, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, rural-urban status, and poverty status). MES (Arkansas, Kentucky) had 2.3% fewer patients diagnosed with distant-stage disease compared to a 0.5% increase in NMES (DiD 2.8%, p=0.01, after adjustment). Patients diagnosed in MES had higher odds of receiving treatment (OR 2.27, p=0.03).

Conclusions:
Unlike NMES, MES experienced increased Medicaid insured, increased treatment and decreased distant-stage disease at diagnosis. Medicaid expansion in the South leads to earlier and more comprehensive treatment of breast cancer.
Geotemporal analysis of COVID-19 in the Dominican Republic 2020-2021
Authors: Moreno Andreina , Gonzalez Carla , Pimentel Lilian , Herrera Demián , Colomé Manuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in China in December of 2019 and has spread globally since. The Dominican Republic confirmed its first case on March 1st, 2020.ObjectiveTo analyze the spatial distribution of the incidence of COVID-19 and its correlation with the Human Development Index in the Dominican Republic from March of 2020 to March of 2021.MethodsThe cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19, number of deaths, lethality, mortality and Human Development Index of the provinces in the Dominican Republic were used from governmental sources and were analyzed in the Microsoft Excel 2016 program.ResultsDuarte was the province with the highest mortality per 100.000 inhabitants (68.94), followed by the Distrito Nacional (71,613 cases), Santo Domingo (49,759 cases) and Santiago (27,632 cases) with the highest number of cases. The 7-day moving average peak for new cases was July 30 of 2020 and the peak for new deaths occurred on September 6 of 2020. The highest positivity rate (40%) was reported in August of 2020. Lastly, an increase of 1.0 on the Human Development Index corresponded to a 10.7% increase in the incidence rates per province.ConclusionPrevention strategies should be strengthened by the Dominican government to reduce the contagion curve and thus reduce its spread and impact on the Human Development Index