bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When the whole is greater than the sum of its parts: why machine learning and conventional statistics are complementary for predicting future health outcomes
Authors: Janse Roemer J , Abu-Hanna Ameen , Vagliano Iacopo , Stel Vianda S , Jager Kitty J , Tripepi Giovanni , Zoccali Carmine , Dekker Friedo W , van Diepen Merel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An artificial intelligence boom is currently ongoing, mainly due to large language models, leading to significant interest in artificial intelligence and subsequently also in machine learning (ML). One area where ML is often applied, prediction modelling, has also long been a focus of conventional statistics. As a result, multiple studies have aimed to prove superiority of one of the two scientific disciplines over the other. However, we argue that ML and conventional statistics should not be competing fields. Instead, both fields are intertwined and complementary to each other. In order to illustrate this, we discuss some essentials of prediction modelling, elaborate on prediction modelling using techniques from conventional statistics, and explain prediction modelling using common ML techniques such as support vector machines, random forests, and artificial neural networks. We then showcase that conventional statistics and ML are in fact quite similar in many aspects, including underlying statistical concepts and methods used in model development and validation. Finally, we argue that conventional statistics and ML can and should be seen as a single integrated field. This integration can further improve prediction modelling for both disciplines (e.g. regarding fairness and reporting standards) and will support the ultimate goal: developing the best performing prediction models for the patient and healthcare provider.
Relevant determinants of Dutch patients’ informed decision-making and use of online access to medical records
Authors: Thielmann Rosa R L C , Hoving Ciska , Cals Jochen W L , Crutzen Rik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Patient online access to medical records can foster patient empowerment and advance patient-centered healthcare. Despite high patient interest, user rates often remain low. While previous research has identified determinants influencing the adoption of online access, this study assessed the relevance of these determinants. By doing so, this study aimed to point towards measures to improve adoption efficiently. Furthermore, supporting patient-informed decision-making about using online access might facilitate sustained use. Therefore, conducting a nationwide online survey study among Dutch adults, we examined the relevance of 22 psychological determinants for the use of online access (N = 1888) and decisional conflict (as an indicator of uninformed decision-making) regarding use (N = 3403). Analyses concerned visualization of univariate distributions of determinants and their associations with (i) use and (ii) decisional conflict regarding use. Greater relevance was indicated by lower means and stronger associations. Results showed that secured data privacy and feeling sufficiently instructed were most relevant for use. Concerning decisional conflict regarding the use, additionally, patients’ beliefs about the effects of online access on their ability to participate in their healthcare process and on the patient–provider relationship were most relevant. Overall explained variance was low (R2 = 0.17 for use and R2 = 0.19 for decisional conflict). Efficiently supporting the use of online access and informed decision-making about use might be achieved by addressing data privacy, providing clear instructions and communicating potential effects. The low explained variance indicates the need for additional measures, such as facilitating easy opportunities and understanding individual patient preferences.
Comparison of eco-directed and health-focused brief awareness-raising interventions for enhancing active participation of community residents in drug take-back program
Authors: Wu Shuzhe , Liu Qinghua , Li Qin , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drug take-back system provides a legal, safe and eco-friendly avenue to appropriately dispose of unwanted medicines, contributing to both environmental sustainability and reducing medication misuse. This study designed and implemented a brief educational intervention, which took &lt;1 min on average, to enhance awareness of community residents regarding the dangers of hoarding and improperly disposing of expired and unused medication at home. In a Chinese urban community, 104 eligible households were evenly assigned into 2 groups receiving leaflet-based awareness-raising interventions. Messages about risks of unwanted medicines delivered to the two groups focused on either environmental concerns of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants (eco-directed) or health hazards associated with misuse or overuse (health-focused). Compared with those in a health-focused intervention, significantly more households participating in an eco-directed awareness-raising activity returned unwanted medicines, supported community-level drug take-back program and agreed that drug take-back program should be mandatory and paid for by consumers. Data suggested that the eco-directed awareness-raising intervention might be an attractive approach to enhance the public’s active participation in drug take-back program.
A scoping review of visual communication of written patient health information preferences including a Māori perspective
Authors: Caisip A , Kremer L , Edmonds L , Young A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This scoping review examines the visual design elements of written patient information (WPI), specifically focusing on imagery, colour, layout and content presentation, and their impact on health information communication, understanding, behaviour and preferences among patients. Understanding patient preferences allows for patient-informed WPI design, which is important for Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) living in a colonial society. Nine studies were analysed, primarily investigating the integration of visual illustrations within WPI. Participants generally favoured the inclusion of images alongside text, finding them instrumental in enhancing comprehension and making health information more approachable. The preference for simpler and less detailed visuals, such as cartoons, was highlighted, although there was variability depending on literacy levels and cultural backgrounds. The use of colour, layout features (e.g. font type and white space) and content framing (e.g. positive versus negative framing of risk information) were explored for their effects on information reception and behavioural outcomes. Currently, there is a paucity of literature on Māori preferences and requires further research. Overall, this scoping review highlights the importance of designing WPIs with visual elements that cater to diverse literacy levels and cultural preferences to optimize communication effectiveness and patient engagement.
Emerging β-lactam non-susceptibility in Group A Streptococcus: implications for Ethiopia’s healthcare system
Authors: Geteneh Alene , Biset Sirak , Reta Melese Abate 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The emergence of β-lactam non-susceptibility in Group A Streptococcus (GAS) or Streptococcus pyogenes represents a major challenge for the global public health, particularly in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia. GAS, a primary cause of pharyngitis and invasive infections, is conventionally treated with β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin. However, the recent evidence raises concerns about the treatment efficacy with reduced susceptibility, the diagnostic limitations, and the potential for complications such as acute rheumatic fever. This commentary calls for attention to the antimicrobial resistance trends in Ethiopian GAS isolates, underscoring the need for routine susceptibility testing, advanced molecular diagnostics, and strengthened laboratory capacities to guide effective treatment strategies and mitigate the antibiotic resistance-associated risks.
Transcriptional analysis provides molecular insights into degeneration of the edible fungus Flammulina filiformis
Authors: Wang Caiyi , Sun Yu , Yang Xinyu , Wang Zehao , Xiang Shibo , Huang Zhuqing , Liang Yue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Flammulina filiformis, a widely cultivated edible fungus, frequently suffers from strain degeneration, leading to reduce yield and quality, and causing significant economic losses in large-scale production. This study aimed to better understand degeneration mechanisms and to develop an assay for predicting degeneration.

Methods and Results
This study investigates strain degeneration by comparing a cultivated strain (F1) and its subcultured derivative (F7). Although both strains display similar mycelial growth, F7 shows impaired fruiting body production, indicating that degeneration occurs prior to visible changes in mycelial growth. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying degeneration, transcriptome analysis was carried out. A total of 352 down-regulated and 280 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in F7 compared to F1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in functional categories related to oxidoreductase activities and peroxisome pathway. Quantitative PCR further validated the regulation of certain DEGs associated with these enriched functions. A stress tolerance assay was developed to detect degeneration in strains with unchanged mycelial growth but reduced fruiting body production.

Conclusions
Results suggested that strain degeneration in F. filiformis is closely linked to oxidative stress regulation and occurs prior to observable mycelial impairment.
TDAP flap in reconstruction of a severe postburn contracture of the axillary region—a case report
Authors: Eljuga Domagoj , Muzar Rhea Marie , Jaman Josip , Eljuga Ksenija , Rafaj Goranka , Vlajcic Zlatko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Herein we report a case of a male patient who was burned with hot oil and as a consequence developed a severe axillary contracture with limited abduction and elevation of his left arm. Due to the restriction in the range of movements, our patient reported limitations in everyday activities with decreased quality of life. For this patient we proposed a reconstructive plan that required a combination of multiple techniques of scar release and reconstruction of the defect with thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP)-based flap. One year postoperatively, we achieved a significant improvement in range of motion. We showed that TDAP flap provides a thin and pliable tissue coverage with a safe vascular supply. Furthermore, we eliminated the need for prolonged splinting which enabled early postoperative rehabilitation. To conclude, TDAP flap proved to be an ideal flap for this scenario and when used in combination with other techniques, optimal end result can be achieved.
Distribution functions for the modelling of accretion remnants in Milky Way-like galaxies: Insights from IllustrisTNG
Authors: Lane James M M , Bovy Jo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study accretion remnants around Milky Way analogs in the IllustrisTNG simulations to determine how well commonly used distribution functions (DFs) describe their phase-space distributions. We identify 30 Milky Way analogs and 116 remnants from mergers with stellar mass ratios greater than 1:20. Two-power density profiles, as well as rotating constant-anisotropy and Osipkov-Merritt DFs are fit to the remnants. We determine that the remnants are suitable for equilibrium modelling by assessing them in the context of the Jeans equation. Each of the models we consider are reasonably able to fit the stellar remnant energy and angular momentum distribution, as well as the magnitude and shape of velocity dispersion profiles. Case studies matched to two well-known merger remnants in the stellar halo – Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GS/E) and Sequoia – are explored in more depth. We find good evidence that remnants with high anisotropy β, such as GS/E, are better modelled with a superposition of two Osipkov-Merritt DFs than either a constant-anisotropy model or a single Osipkov-Merritt DF. We estimate an Osipkov-Merritt profile with scale radius between 2–4 kpc would be a good first-order representation of GS/E, and comment on existing observational evidence for this as well as studies which could demonstrate it. Overall, we find that DF-based models work well for describing the kinematics of large merger remnants. Our results will be an important reference for future studies which seek to constrain both the spatial and kinematic properties of merger remnants in the Milky Way stellar halo.
Estimating Gene Conversion Tract Length and Rate From PacBio HiFi Data
Authors: Charmouh Anders Poulsen , Porsborg Peter Sørud , Hansen Lasse Thorup , Besenbacher Søren , Boeg Winge Sofia , Almstrup Kristian , Hobolth Asger , Bataillon Thomas , Schierup Mikkel Heide 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gene conversions are broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material from a “donor” to an “acceptor” sequence and can happen both in meiosis and mitosis. They are a subset of noncrossover (NCO) events and, like crossover (CO) events, gene conversion can generate new combinations of alleles and counteract mutation load by reverting germline mutations through GC-biased gene conversion. Estimating gene conversion rate and the distribution of gene conversion tract lengths remains challenging. We present a new method for estimating tract length, rate, and detection probability of NCO events directly in HiFi PacBio long read data. The method can be used to make inference from sequencing of gametes from a single individual. The method is unbiased even under low single nucleotide variant (SNV) densities and does not necessitate any demographic or evolutionary assumptions. We test the accuracy and robustness of our method using simulated datasets where we vary length of tracts, number of tracts, the genomic SNV density, and levels of correlation between SNV density and NCO event position. Our simulations show that under low SNV densities, like those found in humans, only a minute fraction (∼2%) of NCO events are expected to become visible as gene conversions by moving at least 1 SNV. We finally illustrate our method by applying it to PacBio sequencing data from human sperm.
The impact of the new WHO Classification of renal cell carcinoma on the diagnosis of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Degenhardt Jan , Tolkach Yuri , Amin Mahul B , Mosiello Giovanni , Baydar Dilek Ertoy , Gall Emilie Cornec-Le , DiCola Jason , Elhag Dean , Frezza Christian , Halbritter Jan , Guillermo Ignacio Blanco , Jewett Michael A S , Lattouf Jean-Baptise , Lovitt Graham , Lundgren Per-Olof , Maher Eamonn R , Mulders Peter , Shuch Brian , Hartmann Arndt , Müller Roman-Ulrich ,   the HLRCC Alliance in collaboration with the ERA Working Group “Genes&Kidney”, the European Reference Networks ERKNet, eUROGEN and GENTURIS, the Uropathology Working Group of the European Society of Pathology and the IKCC, Agaimy A , Beck B , Bonn S E , Bissler J J , Colecchia M , Erger F , Giles R H , Hokamp N Grosse , Jahn A , Kuismin O , La Rosa S , Linehan W M , Lovitt G , Mallett A J , Rajan N , Siemer S , Tran M , Uimari O , Weller A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome is caused by heterozygous germline variants in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene [1,2]. Inheritance follows an autosomal dominant pattern. Loss of FH confers a predisposition for various benign and malignant neoplasms, including cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine fibroids and FH-deficient renal cell carcinoma [3]. While benign, cutaneous and uterine manifestations have a relevant impact on quality of life and risk for complications [4]. The vast majority of FH-deficient RCC exhibit an aggressive behavior with invasive growth and potential for early metastatic spread [5]. Additionally, pathogenic germline FH variants have been associated with other neoplasms, such as adrenal gland [10] and Leydig cell tumors [28, 29].
The aggressive behavior of FH-deficient RCC challenges nephron-sparing resection strategies, as a wide margin is recommended. Even after early nephrectomy for surgical removal of FH-deficient renal cell carcinomas, there is a relevant risk for distant metastasis as well as the remaining predisposition for de novo primary renal tumors in the other kidney. Active screening is central to HLRCC care since no preventative HLRCC-specific treatment exists. VEGF/EGFR directed treatment regimes, such as Erlotinib/Bevacizumab demonstrate efficacy against HLRCC-associated RCC [6]. This emphasizes the importance of establishing the correct diagnosis in HLRCC early on to guide therapeutic decisions.
Morphologic criteria as well as specific immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and molecular genetics allow the identification of FH-deficient RCC. Changes made in the recent 2022 WHO classification impact the diagnosis of HLRCC in multiple ways. This commentary aims to point out this impact and to raise awareness among pathologists as well as clinicians involved in the care of patients with HLRCC.
A Predicting Tool for Kidney Function Recovery after Drug-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: Caravaca-Fontán Fernando , Alonso-Riaño Marina , Shabaka Amir , Villacorta Javier , de Lorenzo Alberto , Quintana Luis F , Rodríguez Eva , Gadola Liliana , Cobo María Ángeles , Oliet Aniana , Sierra-Carpio Milagros , Cobelo Carmen , Iglesias Elena , Cordón Alfredo , Praga Manuel , Fernández-Juárez Gema 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (DI-AIN) represents a common cause of acute kidney injury. Early withdrawal of the culprit drug and corticosteroid therapy remains the mainstay of treatment.
This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram to assess the probability of recovery of kidney function at 6 months after treatment.

Methods
Multicenter, retrospective, observational study in 13 nephrology departments. Patients with biopsy proven DI-AIN treated with corticosteroids between 1996-2023 were included. Dataset was randomly divided into training (n=164) and validation sets (n=60). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to screen the main predictors of complete (creatinine increase &lt;25% of the last value before DI-AIN) or no recovery of kidney function (serum creatinine ≥75% or need for dialysis).

Results
The study group comprised 224 patients with DI-AIN: 51 (31%) in the training group and 19 (32%) in the validation set, achieved complete recovery at 6 months. Conversely, 33 (20%) and 8 (13%) patients in each set showed no recovery at 6 months. Clinical characteristics were well balanced between training and validation sets. The selected variables were age (under/above 65 years), gender, degree of interstitial fibrosis and time to corticosteroids initiation (under/above 7 days). Based on multivariable logistic regression model, a nomogram was developed. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.71–0.88) indicating a good discriminative power. Bootstrap self-sampling was performed 1000 times for validation of the model. Calibration plot revealed that the predicted outcomes aligned well with the observations. Decision curve analysis suggested that the model had clinical benefit.

Conclusions
We developed and validated a nomogram to predict kidney recovery at 6 months in DI-AIN patients treated with corticosteroids. This tool helps clinicians estimate prognosis and optimize corticosteroid therapy's intensity and duration for better treatment outcomes.
An Interview with Professor Vincent Dousset: Psychoradiology is a Pioneering Field, Our Aspiration is to Unite Psychiatrists with Radiologists in France
Authors: Cui Longbiao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
From July 20th to 22nd, 2024, the ISMRM Endorsed Workshop on MR for Psychiatry was held in Chengdu City, China. This prestigious event attracted numerous academic elites worldwide.
Vincent Dousset is a professor of medicine and radiology at the University of Bordeaux, and the chairman of Medical Imaging at the University Hospital of Bordeaux. The hospital is running a completed new project dedicated to applying MRI technology in the field of psychiatry, and Professor Dousset will manage the project. However, this is an entirely new domain for the radiologists and technicians in the hospital. Therefore, Professor Dousset attended the ISMRM-endorsed Workshop on MR for Psychiatry in Chengdu to gain insight into the latest advancements in psychoradiology and hoped to apply valuable experience to their project.
Micro MPCs and Macro Counterfactuals: The Case of the 2008 Rebates
Authors: Orchard Jacob D , Ramey Valerie A , Wieland Johannes F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present evidence that the high estimated MPCs from the leading household studies result in implausible macroeconomic counterfactuals. Using the 2008 tax rebate as a case study, we calibrate a standard macro model with the estimated micro MPCs to construct counterfactual macroeconomic consumption paths in the absence of a rebate. The counterfactual paths imply that consumption expenditures would have plummeted in spring and summer 2008 and then mostly recovered in September 2008. We use narratives and forecasts to argue that these paths are implausible. We then show that standard two-way fixed effect estimates of the micro MPCs are upward biased. When we correct for the biases, we estimate smaller micro MPCs using the CEX data than the previous literature. We also show that realistic modifications of the model result in general equilibrium forces that dampen rather than amplify micro MPCs. The combination of smaller micro MPCs and dampening general equilibrium forces implies general equilibrium consumption multipliers that are below 0.2.
EGFR in Placental Health and Disease: Pathways, Dysfunction, and Chemical Disruption
Authors: Waye Anita A , Moeller Jacob , Veiga-Lopez Almudena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Formation of the placenta during gestation is required to support fetal growth and development. Derived from the placenta, trophoblast cells express nuclear and membrane-bound receptors. Among these receptors is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which plays a key role in placental development. Activation of EGFR-mediated signaling in trophoblast cells regulates critical processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and fusion during pregnancy, making it essential for normal placental formation. Dysfunction of EGFR in placental trophoblast cells has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Ubiquitous environmental chemicals, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and bisphenols, have been reported to modulate EGFR signaling pathways, potentially contributing to placental dysfunction. This review explores the pivotal role of EGFR signaling in placental development and function, with a focus on how environmental chemicals interfere with EGFR-mediated pathways and placental cell functions as well as their implications for pregnancy outcomes. Findings presented herein underscore the need for further research into the effects of exposure to environmental chemicals on modulating EGFR signaling pathways in the context of placental health.