bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Class Ⅱ KNOX family in controlling compound leaf patterning in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Juanjuan , Chai Maofeng , Han Lu , Cao Xiaohua , Zhang Jing , Kong Yiming , Fu Chunxiang , Wang Zeng‐Yu , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Wen Jiangqi , Zhou Chuanen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCompound leaf development requires the coordination of genetic factors, hormones, and other signals. In this study, we explored the functions of Class Ⅱ KNOTTED‐like homeobox (KNOXII) genes in the model leguminous plant Medicago truncatula. Phenotypic and genetic analyses suggest that MtKNOX4, 5 are able to repress leaflet formation, while MtKNOX3, 9, 10 are not involved in this developmental process. Further investigations have shown that MtKNOX4 represses the CK signal transduction, which is downstream of MtKNOXⅠ‐mediated CK biosynthesis. Additionally, two boundary genes, FUSED COMPOUND LEAF1 (orthologue of Arabidopsis Class M KNOX) and NO APICAL MERISTEM (orthologue of Arabidopsis CUP‐SHAPED COTYLEDON), are necessary for MtKNOX4‐mediated compound leaf formation. These findings suggest, that among the members of MtKNOXⅡ, MtKNOX4 plays a crucial role in integrating the CK pathway and boundary regulators, providing new insights into the roles of MtKNOXⅡ in regulating the elaboration of compound leaves in M. truncatula.
School‐Based Mental Health Service Utilization Through the COVID‐19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Stuenkel Mackenzie , Koob Caitlin , Richardson Emily , Griffin Sarah F. , Sease Kerry K. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined trends in mental health service utilization before, during, and in the immediate return to in‐person learning throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic.METHODSRetrospective chart review was assessed for changes in odds of any visit being a mental health encounter from five school‐based health centers from the 2018‐2019 to the 2021‐2022 school years. Data are limited to the in‐person school year from mid‐August to early June.RESULTSData were assessed from 1239 students seen through 2256 visits over the 4 school years (Mage = 12.93). The odds of any visit being related to a mental health encounter increased each school year, with the 2020 to 2021 and 2021 to 2022 school years having significant increases in odds (both compared to the first and to the antecedent school year). In addition, during the 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021 school years, the odds of a repeated mental health encounter significantly increased from year to year.CONCLUSIONSFindings indicate a steadily increasing number of mental health service utilization needs among adolescent students that was significantly exponentiated throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Herbal inclusions ameliorate effect of heat stress on haematology, proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines and oxidative stress of weaned rabbit does in humid tropics
Authors: Jimoh Olatunji A. , Oyeyemi Bolaji F. , Oyeyemi Wahab A. , Ayodele Simeon O. , Okin‐Aminu Hafsat O. , Ayodele Ayoola D. , Faniyi Tolulope O. , Nwachukwu Chinwe Uchechi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA study was designed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus amarus and Viscum album leaf meal as herbal inclusions to alleviate the detrimental outcomes of heat stress in weaned female rabbits. Forty (40) weaned rabbit does (527.99 ± 10.35 g; 28 days old) were randomly allotted to four dietary groups consisting of Diet 1(control diet; without leaf meal), Diets 2 (supplemented with 10% V. album); 3 (supplemented with 10% M. oleifera) and 4 (supplemented with 10% P. amarus) in an 84 days trial at the peak of heat stress in Southwest Nigeria. At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected to assess physiological responses and oxidative status of the rabbit does. The results obtained revealed that rabbit does were exposed to heat stress; rabbit does fed control diet had higher leucocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio compared to rabbit does fed on herbal inclusions. The herbal inclusions enhanced oxidative stability of rabbit does by lowering lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant activities during heat stress conditions. Rabbit does fed control‐based diet had significantly higher heat shock protein 70, leptin and adiponectin compared to rabbit does on M. oleifera, P. amarus and V. album supplemented diets. The herbal inclusions tend to suppress proinflammatory cytokines in rabbit does during heat stress condition. In conclusion, the herbal inclusions suppress inflammation, adipokines and promotes oxidative stability of rabbit does exposed to heat stress conditions.
Classification of crispness of food materials by deep neural networks
Authors: Lopes Rafael Z. , Dacanal Gustavo C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCrispness is a textural characteristic that influences consumer choices, requiring a comprehensive understanding for product customization. Previous studies employing neural networks focused on acquiring audio through mechanical crushing of crispy samples. This research investigates the representation of crispy sound in time intervals and frequency domains, identifying key parameters to distinguish different foods. Two machine learning architectures, multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) and residual neural network (ResNet), were used to analyze mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) data, respectively. The models achieved over 95% accuracy “in‐sample” successfully classifying fried chicken, potato chips, and toast using randomly extracted audio from ASMR videos. The MLP (MFCC) model demonstrated superior robustness compared to ResNet and predicted external inputs, such as freshly toasted bread acquired by a microphone or ASMR audio of toast in milk. In contrast, the ResNet model proved to be more responsive to variations in DFT spectrum and unable to predict the similarity of external audio sources, making it useful for classifying pretrained “in‐samples”. These findings are useful for classifying crispness among individual food sources. Additionally, the study explores the promising utilization of ASMR audio from Internet platforms to pretrain artificial neural network models, expanding the dataset for investigating the texture of crispy foods.
Evolutionary roles of polyploidization‐derived structural variations in the phenotypic diversification of Panax species
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Xin , Wang Xin‐Feng , Niu Yu‐Qian , Wang Yu‐Guo , Zhang Wen‐Ju , Song Zhi‐Ping , Yang Ji , Li Lin‐Feng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGenomic structural variations (SVs) are widespread in plant and animal genomes and play important roles in phenotypic novelty and species adaptation. Frequent whole genome duplications followed by (re)diploidizations have resulted in high diversity of genome architecture among extant species. In this study, we identified abundant genomic SVs in the Panax genus that are hypothesized to have occurred through during the repeated polyploidizations/(re)diploidizations. Our genome‐wide comparisons demonstrated that although these polyploidization‐derived SVs have evolved at distinct evolutionary stages, a large number of SV‐intersecting genes showed enrichment in functionally important pathways related to secondary metabolites, photosynthesis and basic cellular activities. In line with these observations, our metabolic analyses of these Panax species revealed high diversity of primary and secondary metabolites both at the tissue and interspecific levels. In particular, genomic SVs identified at ginsenoside biosynthesis genes, including copy number variation and large fragment deletion, appear to have played important roles in the evolution and diversification of ginsenosides. A further herbivore deterrence experiment demonstrated that, as major triterpenoidal saponins found exclusively in Panax, ginsenosides provide protection against insect herbivores. Our study provides new insights on how polyploidization‐derived SVs have contributed to phenotypic novelty and plant adaptation.
Facilitating international medical graduates' acculturation: From theory to practice
Authors: Al‐Haddad Mo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContextInternational medical graduates (IMGs) are forming an ever‐increasing proportion of the medical workforce. Much of the discourse around IMGs is about their performance at work and interventions to improve it. This discourse, however, is rarely situated in the wider context of the experiences of IMGs as migrants despite the wider context of migration and acculturation being likely to have a significant impact on IMGs' well‐being and, ultimately, performance at work.ObjectivesThe objectives of this article were to (1) raise awareness of the inextricable broader context within which IMGs are situated as migrants; (2) outline the impact this context might have on IMGs' performance; (3) discuss literature from the social sciences related to acculturation that could better inform the way we view IMG transition and performance; (4) highlight how acculturation theory can help inform the design, implementation and evaluation of interventions to facilitate the transition of IMGs into the host country and the workplace; (5) list some interventions that can provide support; and (6) suggest theory driven lines of enquiry to study acculturation in IMGs and the impact related issues might have on performance.MethodsThis is a cross‐cutting edge review drawing on selected theory and literature from the social sciences to explore its relevance to IMGs.ConclusionThe broader context of migration and acculturation should not be ignored when discussing IMG performance in the workplace or when instigating interventions to improve it. There is an urgent need to further evaluate the impact this broader context has on IMGs' well‐being and performance.
Trainee selection of tasks in postgraduate medical education: Is there a role for ‘cherry‐picking’ to optimise learning?
Authors: Blissett Sarah , Mensour Emma , Shaw Jennifer M. , Martin Leslie , Gauthier Stephen , de Bruin Anique , Siu Samuel , Sibbald Matt 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeLearning is optimised when postgraduate trainees engage in clinical tasks in their zone of proximal development (ZPD). However, workplace learning environments impose additional non‐learning goals and additional tasks that may lead to trainees engaging in tasks that do not fall within their ZPD. We do not fully understand how trainees select clinical tasks in the workplace learning environment. If we knew the goals and factors they consider when selecting a task, we could better equip trainees with strategies to select tasks that maximise learning. We explored how postgraduate trainees select clinical tasks using echocardiography interpretation as a model.MethodsCanadian General Cardiology residents and Echocardiography fellows were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Aligning with a theory‐informed study, two independent researchers used a deductive, directed content analysis approach to identify codes and themes.ResultsEleven trainees from seven Canadian universities participated (PGY4 = 4, PGY5 = 3, PGY6 = 1 and echocardiography fellows = 3). Goals included learning content, fulfilling assessment criteria and contributing to clinical demands. Trainees switched between goals throughout the day, as it was too effortful for them to engage in tasks within their ZPD at all times. When trainees had sufficient mental effort available, they selected higher complexity tasks that could advance learning content. When available mental effort was low, trainees selected less complex tasks that fulfilled numerically based assessment goals or contributed to clinical demands. Trainees predominantly used perceived complexity of the echocardiogram as a factor to select tasks to achieve their desired goals.ConclusionPostgraduate trainees select tasks within their ZPD that enable them to maximise learning when they perceive to have sufficient mental effort available and workplace affordances are adequate. These findings can inform individual and systemic strategies to maximise learning when selecting tasks.
‘Decisive Victory’ and Israel's Quest For a New Military Strategy
Authors: Samaan Jean‐Loup 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2020, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) announced the development of a new operational concept called Decisive Victory that aimed to change the way Israel fights wars and to redefine victory on the battlefield. The root cause of this change was the evolution in nonstate threats from armed groups in Gaza and Lebanon. The concept was to drive major reforms of the IDF in training, interoperability among the services, weapons procurement, and civil‐military relations. However, the efforts encountered significant challenges in terms of politics, financial resources, and the implications for the IDF's force structure. This article examines these developments to shed light on the evolving way of war in the Middle East and the struggle within the IDF to redefine its posture.
ecl family genes: Factors linking starvation and lifespan extension in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Ohtsuka Hokuto , Otsubo Yoko , Shimasaki Takafumi , Yamashita Akira , Aiba Hirofumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the duration of survival in the stationary phase, termed the chronological lifespan (CLS), is affected by various environmental factors and the corresponding gene activities. The ecl family genes were identified in the genomic region encoding non‐coding RNA as positive regulators of CLS in S. pombe, and subsequently shown to encode relatively short proteins. Several studies revealed that ecl family genes respond to various nutritional starvation conditions via different mechanisms, and they are additionally involved in stress resistance, autophagy, sexual differentiation, and cell cycle control. Recent studies reported that Ecl family proteins strongly suppress target of rapamycin complex 1, which is a conserved eukaryotic nutrient‐sensing kinase complex that also regulates longevity in a variety of organisms. In this review, we introduce the regulatory mechanisms of Ecl family proteins and discuss their emerging findings.
Genetic and other factors contributing to external apical root resorption in orthodontic patients
Authors: Baghaei Nellie N. , Zhai Guihua , Lamani Ejvis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveExternal apical root resorption (EARR) is a multifactorial disorder with adverse clinical outcomes in orthodontic practices often resulting in significant root shortening. This study examined the effect that specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have on the risk of developing EARR in orthodontic patients in X. We also evaluated how other selected patient‐ and treatment‐related factors may contribute to root resorption in these patients.Setting/SamplePatients included in this case–control study were treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics.MethodsPanoramic radiographs were used to measure root resorption of the maxillary incisors. EARR was recorded when at least 20% of the root length had been lost with orthodontic treatment. Factors evaluated for association with EARR included ethnicity, sex, age, dental and skeletal classifications, ANB, U1‐SN, overjet, treatment type and time, and SNPs in IL‐1A (rs1800587), IL‐1B (rs1143634), IL‐1RN (rs419598), P2RX7 (rs1718119 and rs2230912), IRAK1 (rs1059703) and CASP1 (rs530537, rs580253 and rs554344). Chi‐square test, Student's t test, Wilcoxon test, Benjamin–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The significance level was defined as P < .05.ResultsWe found that extraction treatment protocol and dental classification displayed significant association with root resorption. Furthermore, the GG genotype of IL‐1A rs1800587 variant (in individuals with an increased overjet) predisposed Caucasians to EARR. While CASP1 (rs530537) variant may contribute to the risk of root resorption, it was not statistically significant after FDR adjustment (P = .09).ConclusionsBoth patient‐ and treatment‐related factors contributed to EARR.
Comparison of Lumbosacral Fusion Grade in Patients after Transforaminal and Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Minimum 2‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Liu Jinping , Xie Rong , Chin Cynthia T. , Rajagopalan Priya , Duan Ping‐Guo , Li Bo , Burch Shane , Berven Sigurd H. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Chou Dean 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveGenerally, anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) was believed superior to transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in induction of fusion. However, many studies have reported comparable results in lumbosacral fusion rate between the two approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the realistic lumbosacral arthrodesis rates following ALIF and TLIF in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis as measured by CT and radiology.MethodsNinety‐six patients who underwent single‐level L5‐S1 fusion through ALIF (n = 48) or TLIF (n = 48) for degenerative spondylolisthesis at the Spine Center, University of California San Francisco, between October 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Fusion was independently evaluated and categorized as solid fusion, indeterminate fusion, or pseudarthroses by two radiologists using the modified Brantigan–Steffee–Fraser (mBSF) grade. Clinical data on sex, age, body mass index, Meyerding grade, smoking status, follow‐up times, complications, and radiological parameters including disc height, disc angle, segmental lordosis, and overall lumbar lordosis were collected. The fusion results and clinical and radiographic data were statistically compared between the ALIF and TLIF groups by using t‐test or chi‐square test.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 37.5 (ranging from 24 to 51) months. Clear, solid radiographic fusions were higher in the ALIF group compared with the TLIF group at the last follow‐up (75% vs 47.9%, p = 0.006). Indeterminate fusion occurred in 20.8% (10/48) of ALIF cases and in 43.8% (21/48) of TLIF cases (p = 0.028). Radiographic pseudarthrosis was not significantly different between the TLIF and ALIF groups (16.7% vs 8.3%; p = 0.677). In subgroup analysis of the patients without bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), the solid radiographic fusion rate was significantly higher in the ALIF group than that in the TLIF group (78.6% vs 45.5%; p = 0.037). There were no differences in sex, age, body mass index, Meyerding grade, smoking status, or follow‐up time between the two groups (p > 0.05). The ALIF group had more improvement in disc height (7.8 mm vs 4.7 mm), disc angle (5.2° vs 1.5°), segmental lordosis (7.0° vs 2.5°), and overall lumbar lordosis (4.7° vs 0.7°) compared with the TLIF group (p < 0.05). Overall complication rates were similar between the TLIF and ALIF groups (10.4% vs 8.33%; p > 0.999).ConclusionsWith a minimum 2‐year radiographic analysis of arthrodesis at lumbosacral level by radiologists, the rate of solid radiographic fusions was higher in the ALIF group compared with the TLIF group, whereas the TLIF group had a higher rate of indeterminate fusion. Radiographic pseudarthrosis did not differ significantly between the TLIF and ALIF groups.
Limb Reconstruction System Assisted Reduction and Internal Fixation for Intra‐Articular Calcaneal Fractures: A New Application
Authors: Jiang Guiyong , Li Jie , Zhang Xiaolong , Shu Shan , Ma Yunfei , Zhang Ping , Wang Gang , Liao Hua , Hu Jijie 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundMinimally invasive reduction and fixation of intra‐articular calcaneal fractures poses great challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. The aim of the present study was to report the technical points, evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive reduction and internal fixation assisted by the temporary limb reconstruction system (LRS) external fixator for intra‐articular calcaneal fractures, and propose the indications of our protocol.MethodsIn this retrospective study, a series of 34 consecutive closed and displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures involving the articular surface were treated by this technology between June 2016 and April 2018. X‐ray and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed before and after surgery to measure Bohler's angle; the length, height, and width of the calcaneus; and the mechanical axis of the hindfoot. Postoperative complications were recorded. Imaging and clinical outcomes were comprehensively evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot‐ankle scoring system. After testing the normality of the data, Bohler's angle and the length of calcaneus were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The height, width of the calcaneus, and the mechanical axis of the hindfoot were compared using the Paired‐Samples t‐test.ResultsThirty‐two fractures were followed up for an average of 20.66 months (from 12 to 32 months). All fractures achieved stable reduction and bony union. The articular surface was reduced and fixed with direct vision through the sinus tarsi incision. No failure of internal fixation or loss of reduction was detected during follow‐up. There were no soft tissue complications. Bohler's angle; the length, height, and width of the calcaneus; and the mechanical axis of the hindfoot improved significantly. The AOFAS scores averaged 84.12 points; seven cases were rated excellent, 20 good, four fair, and one poor.ConclusionsFor intra‐articular calcaneal fractures, minimally invasive surgery assisted with temporary LRS external fixation can reconstruct the calcaneal shape and the sub‐talar articular surface. This simple surgical modality with limited complications may be helpful in the surgical treatment of most type II and III calcaneal fractures except comminuted fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity.