bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise in acceptance of mental health professionals: help-seeking recommendations of the German public 1990–2020
Authors: Angermeyer M. C. , Schindler S. , Matschinger H. , Baumann E. , Schomerus G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
We will first examine whether seeking help for depression and schizophrenia from mental health professionals is nowadays more accepted among the German public than it used to be 30 years ago. Next, we will explore whether changes in help-seeking preferences between 1990 and 2020 are specific to mental health professions or are part of changes in attitudes to professional help-seeking in general. Finally, we will study whether a temporal relationship does exist between the advent of awareness-raising and anti-stigma campaigns after the turn of the millennium and changes in the acceptance of mental health care.

Methods
In 1990 (n = 2044), 2001 (n = 4005), 2011 (n = 1984) and 2020 (n = 2449) methodologically identical population-based surveys were conducted in Germany. After presentation of an unlabelled case vignette depicting someone with either schizophrenia or depression, we asked about help-seeking recommendations for the person described.

Results
The German public's readiness to recommend seeking help from mental health professionals has markedly grown over the past 30 years. In contrast, in the eyes of the public, turning to a general practitioner has become only slightly more, consulting a priest even less advisable than it used to be three decades ago. Seeing a naturopath is seen with markedly less disapproval today compared to 1990, but explicit recommendation of this helping source has not increased correspondingly in. The most pronounced increase in the German public's propensity to recommend seeking help from mental health professionals occurred already in the 1990s, i.e. before efforts to heighten public awareness had started.

Conclusions
Today, the German public is more in favour of mental health professionals than it used to be three decades ago. This seems to be a specific trend, and not to reflecting an increasing propensity towards professional help-seeking in general. Our findings counter the narrative that mental health communication efforts and initiatives have created more favourable attitudes towards mental health care among the public, since the observed changes in attitudes have preceded any campaigns. Instead, we tend to interpret the rise of the popularity of mental health professionals as a reflection of general cultural changes that have taken place over the past decades in Germany, as in other western countries.
Germination responses of vipergrass (Dinebra retroflexa) to environmental factors and herbicide options for its control
Authors: Dhanda Sachin , Sharma Kartik , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVipergrass [Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panzer] is an annual weed of the Poaceae family distributed in several parts of Australia, Asia, and Europe. Very limited information is available on its germination response to different environmental conditions. Knowledge of its seed ecology and biology could help in formulating better weed management decisions. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of alternating temperatures, light conditions, salt stress, water stress, seed burial depths, and wheat residue amounts on the germination or emergence of D. retroflexa. Also, different pre- and postemergence herbicides were evaluated to control D. retroflexa. The highest germination (98%) was recorded at 30/20 C followed by 35/25 C (95%). Light was required for the germination of D. retroflexa. Germination decreased with an increase in sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations. Even at 80 mM NaCl, 81% of seeds germinated, indicating D. retroflexa’s high salt tolerance. Seed germination gradually decreased with an increase in water stress, and no germination was recorded at −0.8 MPa osmotic potential. The emergence of D. retroflexa decreased with an increase in seed burial depths. The highest germination (83%) was recorded for surface-sown seeds, and emergence was reduced to 0 at a burial depth of 2 cm. Seedling emergence decreased from 82% to 2% when the crop residue load was increased from 0 to 800 kg ha−1. Applications of preemergence herbicides (at field rates), such as diuron, isoxaflutole, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, terbuthylazine, and triallate, and postemergence herbicides, such as clethodim, haloxyfop-methyl, glufosinate, glyphosate, imazamox plus imazapyr (a commercial mixture), and paraquat, resulted in complete control (100%) of D. retroflexa. Knowledge gained from this study will help us to understand the potential spread of D. retroflexa to other areas and to formulate integrated weed management strategies for its effective control.
Pure Inertial Waves Radiating From Low‐Frequency Flows Over Large‐Scale Topography
Authors: Xie Xiaohui , Liu Xiaohui , Chen Zhiwu , Wang Yan , Chen Dake , Li Wei , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMooring data collected at a flat‐topped seamount suggest the generation of pure inertial waves (PIWs; waves with a dominant frequency equal to the local inertial frequency f) by low‐frequency flows over large‐scale topography. Energetic PIWs were observed within a narrow depth range (∼100 m) near the seafloor at the edge of the summit. These waves could be associated with low‐frequency flows. A two‐dimensional nonhydrostatic model was used to show that the observed PIWs are most likely internal wave beams generated by low‐frequency flows over the seamount. Two types of PIWs were identified via observation and model. The first is a PIW that can only travel horizontally. The other propagates upward, with super‐inertial intrinsic frequency that is Doppler‐shifted by the flows to f. Nonlinear triadic interactions among waves with the frequencies [0, f, f] may transfer energy from mean flows to PIWs, promoting energy decay of geostrophic flows over large‐scale topography.
A New Focal Mechanism Calculation Algorithm (REFOC) Using Inter‐Event Relative Radiation Patterns: Application to the Earthquakes in the Parkfield Area
Authors: Cheng Yifang , Allen Richard M. , Taira Taka'aki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurate earthquake focal mechanisms are essential for solving fault zone structure, estimating stress variations, and assessing seismic hazards. Small earthquakes' focal mechanisms are usually solved using P‐wave first‐motion polarities and/or S‐/P‐wave amplitude ratios, which are limited due to the low signal‐to‐noise ratio of small‐earthquake waveforms and a limited number of three‐component seismograms. To increase the number of high‐quality focal mechanisms, we develop a method that utilizes the inter‐event relative radiation patterns to perform a joint focal mechanism inversion of numerous clustered events (called REFOC). The method first uses P‐wave polarities and S‐/P‐wave amplitude ratios to constrain the initial solutions and then combines these solutions and the inter‐event P‐/P‐wave and S‐/S‐wave amplitude ratios to refine solutions. For example, we apply the method to 38,413 earthquakes in the Parkfield region, California. The REFOC outperforms traditional methods with 57% more solutions with <55° uncertainties (>70% of the catalog events) and 126% more solutions with <25° uncertainties (>40% of the catalog events), illuminating unprecedented fine‐scale rupture processes. Instead of rupturing along the main fault, many M < 2 focal mechanisms show >45° angular differences from the 2004 Mw 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The variation of focal mechanism properties is spatially related to the variation of fault strength and geometry, and temporally correlated with the shear stress variations before, during, and after the 2004 Mw 6.0 earthquake. The observations highlight the potential of applying REFOC to monitor unprecedented details of fault zone structure and stress field, providing new insights into fault rupture physics, seismotectonic processes, and seismic hazards.
The Mw 6.0–6.8 Quasi‐Repeating Earthquakes Off Miyagi, Japan, With Variable Moment Release Patterns Due To a Hidden Adjacent Slip Patch
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAfter the 2011 M9 Tohoku earthquake, several interplate earthquakes of Mw 6 occurred in close proximity in the area off the northern Miyagi prefecture in Japan, including the 2015 Mw 6.8 earthquake. To advance our understanding of the similarity and diversity in earthquake ruptures at the same asperity, this study compares the source processes of six Mw 6.0–6.8 earthquakes in this region. The results of hypocenter relocation and source process inversion show that these Mw 6.0–6.8 events repeatedly ruptured the same patch west of their hypocenters; the rupture always began in this patch and tended to propagate westward. Moment releases for this patch are similar, approximately Nm (Mw 6.3) before and after the Tohoku earthquake. However, the Mw 6.0 event that occurred 20 days after the Tohoku earthquake had only half this moment release, likely reflecting less than usual healing of frictional strength. Moreover, the fourth earthquake after the Tohoku earthquake, which is the 2015 Mw 6.8 earthquake, released a much larger moment of Nm (Mw 6.5) in the same patch and caused a subsequent large slip in a second patch to the east. The presence of the eastern hidden patch likely affected the slip amount of the western patch that typically causes Mw 6.3 events. An examination of MJMA 2.0–5.3 repeating earthquake activity suggests that this eastern patch also affected the preparation period for the 2015 event. The present observation suggests that even locations with well‐predetermined rupture areas and slips can produce much larger slips than usual under the presence of adjacent hidden slip patches.
Early prediction of severe retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser treatment using physiological data
Authors: Poppe Jarinda A. , Fitzgibbon Sean P. , Taal H. Rob , Loudon Sjoukje E. , Tjiam Angela M. , Roehr Charles C. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Simons Sinno H. P. , Hartley Caroline 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Early risk stratification for developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is essential for tailoring screening strategies and preventing abnormal retinal development. This study aims to examine the ability of physiological data during the first postnatal month to distinguish preterm infants with and without ROP requiring laser treatment.

Methods
In this cohort study, preterm infants with a gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g, who were screened for ROP were included. Differences in the physiological data between the laser and non-laser group were identified, and tree-based classification models were trained and independently tested to predict ROP requiring laser treatment.

Results
In total, 208 preterm infants were included in the analysis of whom 30 infants (14%) required laser treatment. Significant differences were identified in the level of hypoxia and hyperoxia, oxygen requirement, and skewness of heart rate. The best model had a balanced accuracy of 0.81 (0.72–0.87), a sensitivity of 0.73 (0.64–0.81), and a specificity of 0.88 (0.80–0.93) and included the SpO2/FiO2 ratio and baseline demographics (including gestational age and birth weight).

Conclusions
Routinely monitored physiological data from preterm infants in the first postnatal month are already predictive of later development of ROP requiring laser treatment, although validation is required in larger cohorts.

Impact

Routinely monitored physiological data from the first postnatal month are predictive of later development of ROP requiring laser treatment, although model performance was not significantly better than baseline characteristics (gestational age, birth weight, sex, multiple birth, prenatal glucocorticosteroids, route of delivery, and Apgar scores) alone.

A balanced accuracy of 0.81 (0.72–0.87), a sensitivity of 0.73 (0.64–0.81), and a specificity of 0.88 (0.80–0.93) was achieved with a model including the SpO2/FiO2 ratio and baseline characteristics.

Physiological data have potential to play a significant role for future ROP prediction and provide opportunities for early interventions to protect infants from abnormal retinal development.
Growth and neuro-developmental outcomes of probiotic supplemented preterm infants—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Panchal Harshad , Athalye-Jape Gayatri , Rao Shripada , Patole Sanjay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGut dysbiosis is associated with sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, which can adversely affect long-term growth and neurodevelopment. We aimed to synthesise evidence for the effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and grey literature were searched in February 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects model. Effect sizes were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD), mean difference (MD) or risk ratio (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of Bias (ROB) was assessed using the ROB-2 tool. Certainty of Evidence (CoE) was summarized using GRADE guidelines. Thirty RCTs (n = 4817) were included. Meta-analysis showed that probiotic supplementation was associated with better short-term weight gain [SMD 0.24 (95%CI 0.04, 0.44); 22 RCTs (n = 3721);p = 0.02;I2 = 88%; CoE: low]. However, length [SMD 0.12 (95%CI −0.13, 0.36); 7 RCTs, (n = 899);p = 0.35;I2 = 69%; CoE: low] and head circumference [SMD 0.09 (95%CI −0.15, 0.34); 8 RCTs (n = 1132);p = 0.46;I2 = 76%; CoE: low] were similar between the probiotic and placebo groups. Probiotic supplementation had no effect on neurodevelopmental impairment [RR 0.91 (95%CI 0.76, 1.08); 5 RCTs (n = 1556);p = 0.27;I2 = 0%; CoE: low]. Probiotic supplementation was associated with better short-term weight gain, but did not affect length, head circumference, long-term growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants. Adequately powered RCTs are needed in this area. Prospero Registration: CRD42020064992.
Geographical variability of bacterial communities of cryoconite holes of Andean glaciers
Authors: Pittino F. , Ambrosini R. , Seeger M. , Azzoni R. S. , Diolaiuti G. , Alviz Gazitua P. , Franzetti A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCryoconite holes, ponds full of melting water with sediment on the bottom, are hotspots of biodiversity on glacier surfaces and host dynamic micro-ecosystems. They have been extensively investigated in different areas of the world (e.g., the Arctic, Antarctic, Alps, and Himalaya), but so far no study has described the bacterial communities of the glaciers in the Andes, the world’s longest mountain range. In this study, we describe the bacterial communities of three small (< 2 km2) high-elevation (< 4200 m a.s.l.) glaciers of the Central Andes (Iver, East Iver and Morado glaciers) and two large (> 85 km2) glaciers of the Patagonian Andes (Exploradores and Perito Moreno glaciers) whose ablation tongues reach low altitude (< 300 m a.s.l.). Results show that the bacterial communities were generally similar to those observed in the cryoconite holes of other continents, but with few cyanobacteria (0.5% of sequences). The most abundant orders were Betaproteobacteriales, Cytophagales, Chitinophagales, Acetobacterales, Frankiales, Armatimonadales, Sphingobacteriales, Rhizobiales, Bacteroidales, Sphingomonadales, and Micrococcales. The bacterial communities differed between glaciers and both water pH and O2 concentration appeared to influence the bacterial community composition. This work thus provides the first description of the bacterial communities in cryoconite holes of South American glaciers.
Maternal blood parameters and risk of neonatal pathological jaundice: a retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Qian Lu , Lin Guankai , Zhang Yuxin , Hong Sumiao , Sun Baochang , Wang Hexing , Huang Min , Wang Jiwei , Jiang Qingwu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the association between maternal blood parameters and the risk of neonatal pathological jaundice. A retrospective case–control study of 1309 newborns and their mothers from 2019 to 2020 in a single-center tertiary hospital. All mothers received a complete routine blood test prior to delivery, and outcome was neonatal pathological jaundice. We performed stepwise logistic regression modeling to identify maternal blood factors associated with neonatal pathological jaundice. 258 neonates (19.71%) were diagnosed with pathological jaundice. Logistic regression results showed that the odds ratio for pathological jaundice in neonates of mothers with high white blood cell (WBC) count was 1.512 (95% CI 1.145–1.998; P = 0.004). Besides, neonates whose mothers had a high mean corpuscular volume (MCV) during pregnancy doubled the odds of developing pathological jaundice (OR = 1.967; 95% CI 1.043–3.711; P = 0.037). Among neonates, those whose mothers had high levels of WBC count and MCV were at increased risk of pathological jaundice. Regular obstetric examinations and routine blood tests are essential to initiate adapted care.
Seismic performance analysis of shallow-buried large-scale three-box-section segment-connected pipeline structure under multiple actions
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Zhen , Ma Shujiang , Li Xiaoke , Liu Shiming , Zhao Shunbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo ensure the safety operation of inter-basin water transfer project, it is important to understand the seismic performance of shallow-buried large-scale segment-connected pipeline structure under earthquake and other multiple actions. In this paper, a 3D FE model is built in details for the seismic assessment of large-scale prestressed concrete inverted-siphon shallow-buried under riverbed, and a method is proposed to realize multiple interactions of the viscoelastic boundary elements to finite elements, the compressible fluid to structure and the sealed joints made of rubber belt between adjacent segments. The inverted-siphon is longitudinally composited by 58 segments in total length of 858.64 m, and transversally consisits of three rectanguler-section boxes with net dimension of each box of 6.5 m width and 6.6 m height. The main influencing factors are set as the thickness of overburden soil, the flow condition and the engineering geological condition. The time-history analysis is carried out on the 3D FE model under Elcentro seismic wave excitation. The numerical analyses figures out the main vibration modes and vibrational frequency of this inverted-siphon, reveals the regions of peak tensile stress appeared on the concrete surface and the risk sealed joints with extremum relative displacement. This provides a scientific reference to take specific prevention measures of anti-earthquake, based on a deep understanding to the seismic cracking of concrete and the tearing broken of sealed joints for this kind of segment-connected pipeline structure.
LAMP3 transfer via extracellular particles induces apoptosis in Sjögren’s disease
Authors: Tanaka Tsutomu , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Tran Duy T. , Warner Blake M. , Wang Yan , Atsumi Tatsuya , Noguchi Masayuki , Chiorini John A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSjögren’s disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease that affects exocrine tissues and is characterized by increased apoptosis in salivary and lacrimal glands. Although the pathogenic mechanism triggering SjD is not well understood, overexpression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) is associated with the disease in a subset of SjD patients and the development of SjD-like phenotype in mice. In this study, histological analysis of minor salivary glands of SjD patients suggested that LAMP3-containing material is being ejected from cells. Follow-on in vitro experiments with cells exposed to extracellular particles (EPs) derived from LAMP3-overexpressing cells showed increased apoptosis. Proteomics identified LAMP3 as a major component of EPs derived from LAMP3-overexpressing cells. Live-cell imaging visualized release and uptake of LAMP3-containing EPs from LAMP3-overexpressing cells to naïve cells. Furthermore, experiments with recombinant LAMP3 protein alone or complexed with Xfect protein transfection reagent demonstrated that internalization of LAMP3 was required for apoptosis in a caspase-dependent pathway. Taken together, we identified a new role for extracellular LAMP3 in cell-to-cell communication via EPs, which provides further support for targeting LAMP3 as a therapeutic approach in SjD.
Engineering of an electrically charged hydrogel implanted into a traumatic brain injury model for stepwise neuronal tissue reconstruction
Authors: Tanikawa Satoshi , Ebisu Yuki , Sedlačík Tomáš , Semba Shingo , Nonoyama Takayuki , Kurokawa Takayuki , Hirota Akira , Takahashi Taiga , Yamaguchi Kazushi , Imajo Masamichi , Kato Hinako , Nishimura Takuya , Tanei Zen-ichi , Tsuda Masumi , Nemoto Tomomi , Gong Jian Ping , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeural regeneration is extremely difficult to achieve. In traumatic brain injuries, the loss of brain parenchyma volume hinders neural regeneration. In this study, neuronal tissue engineering was performed by using electrically charged hydrogels composed of cationic and anionic monomers in a 1:1 ratio (C1A1 hydrogel), which served as an effective scaffold for the attachment of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the 3D environment of porous C1A1 hydrogels engineered by the cryogelation technique, NSCs differentiated into neuroglial cells. The C1A1 porous hydrogel was implanted into brain defects in a mouse traumatic damage model. The VEGF-immersed C1A1 porous hydrogel promoted host-derived vascular network formation together with the infiltration of macrophages/microglia and astrocytes into the gel. Furthermore, the stepwise transplantation of GFP-labeled NSCs supported differentiation towards glial and neuronal cells. Therefore, this two-step method for neural regeneration may become a new approach for therapeutic brain tissue reconstruction after brain damage in the future.
Activity patterns are associated with fractional lifespan, memory, and gait speed in aged dogs
Authors: Mondino Alejandra , Khan Michael , Case Beth , Giovagnoli Sara , Thomson Andrea , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Gruen Margaret , Olby Natasha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMaintaining an active lifestyle is considered a hallmark of successful aging. Physical activity significantly reduces the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease in humans. However, pain and lack of motivation are important barriers to exercise. Dogs are a remarkable model for translational studies in aging and cognition as they are prone to Canine Cognitive Dysfunction syndrome, which has many similarities with Alzheimer’s disease. According to owner reports, changes in activity levels are characteristic of this syndrome, with decreased daytime activity, but also excessive pacing, especially at sleep time. We used physical activity monitors to record the activity of 27 senior dogs and evaluated the association between activity level and age, fractional lifespan, cognitive status measured by an owner questionnaire and cognitive tests. We also assessed the relationship between activity and joint/spinal pain, and the off/on leash gait speed ratio (a potential marker of gait speed reserve and motivation). We found that activity patterns in dogs are associated with fractional lifespan and working memory. Additionally, dogs with higher on/off leash gait speed are more active in the afternoon of weekdays. These results encourage future studies evaluating how physical activity can improve or delay cognitive impairment in senior dogs.