bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrical envelopes of fast radio bursts
Authors: Voisin G. 
Published: June 2023

Aims. Assuming fast radio bursts (FRBs) are produced by matter travelling ultra-relativistically in a localised region of a smooth bundle of streamlines, we study the constraints applied by geometry to the morphology and polarisation of the burst in time and frequency independently of the intrinsic radiative process.
Methods. We express the problem only in terms of the local properties of direction and curvature of a streamline. This allowed us to cast the general results to any desired geometry. By applying this framework to two geometries inspired by pulsar and magnetar magnetospheres, we namely illustrate the dipolar polar-cap region and a magnetic dipole with an additional toroidal component.
Results. Geometry constrains bursts to occur within an envelope in the frequency versus time plane (dynamic spectrum). This envelope notably characterises spectral occupancy and frequency drifts (both burst-to-burst and within an individual burst). We illustrate how one can simulate bursts by specifying some basic properties of an intrinsic emission process. In particular we show that the typical properties of one-off bursts can be produced in polar-cap geometry by a star with a spin period > 1 s, while bursts from repeating sources are better accounted for with an additional strong toroidal component and a sub-second spin period.
Conclusions. We propose that a relationship between burst morphologies and the properties of the source, such as its spin period and magnetospheric properties, can be established at least qualitatively based on geometrical considerations. Our results favour models where repeaters are younger and faster magnetars with highly twisted magnetospheres.
A case of welder’s lung with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Baur Xaver , Abraham Jerrold L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Welding, performed regularly by more than a million workers worldwide, is associated with exposures to irritative, fibrogenic and carcinogenic fumes and gases.
Methods and Results We present the case of a welder who had worked under extremely poor hygiene conditions for nearly 20 years and had developed end-stage lung fibrosis, finally requiring lung transplantation. Detailed histopathology and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analyses of his lungs showed advanced interstitial fibrosis and dust deposits in the lungs and in peribronchial lymph nodes containing welding type bodies, Fe, Si (silica), Ti (titanium), SiAl (aluminum silicates), Fe with Cr (Steel), and Zr (Zirkonium).
Conclusion In the absence of a systemic disorder and the failure to meet the criteria for diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), these findings suggest welder’s lung fibrosis as the most likely diagnosis.
Arbeitsmedizinische Aspekte bei der Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie: Erfahrungen aus einem Großunternehmen der chemischen Industrie
Authors: Claus Matthias , Koch Gerold , Frambach Daniel , Warnke Arne Jonas , Webendörfer Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ziel des Beitrags ist die Beschreibung der Erfahrungen eines Großunternehmens der chemischen Industrie bei der Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie. Es werden Zeitpunkt und Inhalt getroffener Maßnahmen dargestellt sowie der pandemische Verlauf aus Unternehmenssicht beschrieben.
Methoden Die Darstellungen beziehen sich auf das Infektionsgeschehen und die Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen am Hauptstandort des Unternehmens in Ludwigshafen von März 2020 bis Mai 2022. Unternehmensintern erfasste Daten zu Meldedatum einer Infektion, Infektionsort, Anzahl enger Kontaktpersonen und Mitarbeitergruppe wurden u.a. mittels Werkskarte (aktive Infektionen) und Netzwerkgrafik (Infektionsketten) visualisiert, zudem wurden 7-Tages-Inzidenzen errechnet. Ergänzend wurde aus öffentlich zugänglichen Daten des Robert Koch-Instituts ein gewichteter Mittelwert der Inzidenzen aus werksnahen Landkreisen (gewichtet nach der Anzahl wohnhafter Mitarbeitender im Landkreis) berechnet und mit dem Verlauf unternehmensspezifischer Inzidenzen verglichen.
Ergebnisse Bis zum Ende des Follow-Ups am 31.05.2022 wurden 9379 Infektionen mit SARS-CoV-2 bei Mitarbeitenden und weitere 758 bei Leasingkräften erfasst, darunter 368 (4%) bzw. 84 (11%) vermutete Infektionen auf dem Werksgelände. Der Verlauf der 7-Tages-Inzidenzen bei Mitarbeitenden stimmte größtenteils mit dem Verlauf in der unmittelbaren Werksumgebung überein. Die Inzidenz vermuteter Werksinfektionen verblieb überwiegend auf vergleichsweise niedrigem Niveau unter 100 Neuinfektionen über 7 Tage/100 000.
Diskussion Die kontinuierliche Erfassung und Analyse von SARS-CoV-2-Neuinfektionen bei Mitarbeitenden liefern wertvolle Informationen zur effektiven Steuerung von Schutzmaßnahmen im Unternehmen. Damit kann zielgerichtet, mittels Verschärfung oder Lockerung von verordneten Schutzmaßnahmen, auf Veränderungen der Anzahl an Neuinfektionen auf dem Werksgelände reagiert werden.
Die Rolle des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdiensts stärken
– ein Vergleich der ÖGD-Quotenauswahlverfahren in
Deutschland
Authors: Andersch-Rupprecht Claudia , Haderer Marika , Bader Alisa , Bräuer Julia , Schmidt Sebastian , Nagel Eckhard 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungMit den Studienplätzen für den Öffentlichen
Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD), die im Rahmen einer gesetzlich verankerten
Quote vergeben werden, zielen die Bundesländer Bayern, Hessen,
Rheinland-Pfalz und Sachsen-Anhalt darauf ab, den Fachkräftemangel im
ÖGD zu bekämpfen. Der Vergleich der Auswahlverfahren zeigt, dass
drei von vier Bundesländern (Bayern, Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz) ein
2-stufiges Verfahren nutzen, dessen zweiter Schritt auf Interviews zum Testen
der sozialen und kommunikativen Fähigkeiten sowie der
persönlichen Eignung der Bewerber*innen zum Studium und zur
Tätigkeit im ÖGD basiert. Um zu eruieren, ob die Rolle des
ÖGD sowie die öffentliche Gesundheitsversorgung durch die Quoten
gestärkt wird, ist ein deutschlandweiter Vergleich der Auswahlverfahren
inklusive Evaluation elementar.
Cystic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Report of Five Cases and a Review of Literature
Authors: Shroff Krishna , Deopujari Chandrashekhar , Karmarkar Vikram , Mohanty Chandan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) account for about 5 to 13% of intracranial vascular malformations. Cystic cerebral cavernous malformations (cCCMs) are a rare morphological variant and can cause diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. We describe our five such cases and review the existing literature on this entity.
Methods A search of the PubMed database for cCCMs was done, and all articles in English emphasizing the reporting of cCCMs were selected. A total of 42 publications describing 52 cases of cCCMs were selected for analysis. Epidemiological data, clinical presentation, imaging features, the extent of resection, and outcome were analyzed. Radiation-induced cCCMs were excluded. We have also described five of our cases of cCCMs and reported our experience.
Results The median age at presentation was 29.5 years. Twenty-nine patients had supratentorial lesions, 21 had infratentorial lesions, and 2 had lesions in both compartments. Among our four patients, three had infratentorial lesions, whereas one had a supratentorial lesion. Multiple lesions were seen in four patients. A majority (39) had symptoms of mass effect (75%), and 34 (65.38%) had raised intracranial pressure (ICP), whereas only 11 (21.15%) had seizures. Among our four operated patients, all of them had symptoms of mass effect, and two of them also had features of raised ICP. The extent of resection was gross total in 36 (69.23%), subtotal in 2 (3.85%), and not reported in 14 (26.93%). All four of our operated patients underwent gross total resection, but two of them underwent a second surgery. Of the 48 patients in whom the surgical outcome was reported, 38 improved (73.08%). One showed a transient worsening followed by improvement, one developed a worsening of the pre-existing focal neurological deficit (FND), two developed a new FND, and 5 had no improvement in their FNDs. Death occurred in one patient. All four of our operated patients improved after surgery, although three of them showed a transient worsening of FNDs. One patient is under observation.
Conclusion cCCMs are rare morphological variants and can cause considerable diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any atypical cystic intracranial mass lesion. Complete excision is curative, and the outcome is generally favorable; although transient deficits may be seen.
An Evaluation of the Risk Factors and Respiratory Function Test Change of Children with Cystic Fibrosis Who Contracted COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Özaslan Mehmet Mustafa , Şenol Handan Duman , Barlık Meral , Çoksuer Fevziye , Dindar Bahar Girgin , Demir Esen , Gülen Figen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, with millions of infected cases worldwide. Although the course is usually mild in the pediatric age group, there are unknown factors in patients with chronic lung diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic characteristics and the clinical course of patients with cystic fibrosis who contracted COVID-19 infection.
Methods A total of 128 patients with cystic fibrosis who were under follow-up in our clinic were separated into two groups: those who had been infected with COVID-19 and those who had not. The COVID-19-positive patients were then grouped as those who were hospitalized and those treated as outpatients. In the COVID-19 group, the spirometry values of the patients before the infection were compared with those measured at 3 and 6 months after the infection.
Results The COVID-19 group comprised 34 (25.6%) cystic fibrosis patients with a mean age of 108.2 ± 60.8 months who contracted COVID-19 between April 2020 and October 2022. The rates of chronic bacterial colonization and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (p = 0.001 and 0.005). Eight of the 34 patients were hospitalized, and 26 were isolated at home. Five patients required oxygen, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values were lower.
Conclusion A severe course of COVID-19 was not seen in any of the cystic fibrosis patients. A greater number of patients with chronic respiratory tract bacterial colonization and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis were hospitalized.
Obesity as a Predictor for Pulmonary Embolism and Performance of the Age-Adjusted D-Dimer Strategy in Obese Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Le Gal Grégoire , Tritschler Tobias , Gaugler Jan O. , Righini Marc , Robert-Ebadi Helia , Sanchez Olivier , Roy Pierre-Marie , Verschuren Franck , Miranda Sebastien , Delluc Aurélien 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Obesity is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism, but studies evaluating its association with pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with suspected PE are lacking.
Objectives To evaluate whether body mass index (BMI) and obesity (i.e., BMI ≥30 kg/m2) are associated with confirmed PE in patients with suspected PE and to assess the efficiency and safety of the age-adjusted D-dimer strategy in obese patients.
Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a multinational, prospective study, in which patients with suspected PE were managed according to the age-adjusted D-dimer strategy and followed for 3 months. Outcomes were objectively confirmed PE at initial presentation, and efficiency and failure rate of the diagnostic strategy. Associations between BMI and obesity, and PE were examined using a log-binomial model that was adjusted for clinical probability and hypoxia.
Results We included 1,593 patients (median age: 59 years; 56% women; 22% obese). BMI and obesity were not associated with confirmed PE. The use of the age-adjusted instead of the conventional D-dimer cut-off increased the proportion of obese patients in whom PE was considered ruled out without imaging from 28 to 38%. The 3-month failure rate in obese patients who were left untreated based on a negative age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off test was 0.0% (95% confidence interval: 0.0–2.9%).
Conclusion BMI on a continuous linear scale and obesity were not predictors of confirmed PE among patients presenting with a clinical suspicion of PE. The age-adjusted D-dimer strategy appeared safe in ruling out PE in obese patients with suspected PE.
How humour travels in the new and dynamic mediascape: a case study of a short video platform, Little Red Book, and an online teaching platform, Rain Classroom
Authors: Liang Lisi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a vital part of translation studies, humour has drawn scholarly attention for decades, with classifications that range from Zabalbeascoa’s (The Translator 2(2):235–257, 1996) six types of jokes to Chiaro and Piferi’s (It’s green! It’s cool! It’s Shrek! Italian children, laughter and subtitles. In: Di Giovanni E, Elefante C, Pederzoli R (eds) Écrire Et Traduire Pour Les Enfants—writing and translating for children. Peter Lang, Brussels, 2010, p. 285) “Verbally Expressed Humour”. However, they are mainly related to printed pages, theatre, and film. Little research touches on the new media, which significantly impacts how information is produced and disseminated and how consumers react to and engage with these trendy platforms (Díaz-Cintas, Remael. Audiovisual translation: subtitling. Routledge, London and New York, 2021, p. 1). This significant gap in the video-sharing platforms on humour translation is the focus of this paper which intends to fill. This paper explores how humour is created and reconstructed in the dominant and constantly evolving new media era. Driven by the niche of an interdisciplinary study concerning humour and creative subtitles, the present research conducts a linguistic and semiotic analysis of humorous discourses and emojis in the Chinese contexts of the short video platform Little Red Book and the online teaching platform Rain Classroom. As the study implies, humour can be strengthened through diverse semiotic possibilities to provide better viewing experiences that bring about entertaining and educational outcomes.
From second thoughts on the germ theory to a full-blown host theory
Authors: Casanova Jean-Laurent 
Published: June 2023

In 1955, René Dubos famously expressed his “second thoughts on the germ theory”, attributing infectious diseases to various “changing circumstances” that weaken the host by unknown mechanisms. He rightly stressed that only a small minority of individuals infected by almost any microbe develop clinical disease. Intriguingly, though, he did not mention the abundant and elegant findings reported from 1905 onward that unambiguously pointed to host genetic determinants of infection outcome in plants and animals, including human inborn errors of immunity. Diverse findings over the next 50 y corroborated and extended these earlier genetic and immunological observations that René Dubos had neglected. Meanwhile, the sequential advent of immunosuppression- and HIV–driven immunodeficiencies unexpectedly provided a mechanistic basis for his own views. Collectively, these two lines of evidence support a host theory of infectious diseases, with inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies as the key determinants of severe infection outcome, relegating the germ to an environmental trigger that reveals an underlying and preexisting cause of disease and death.
Cultural trauma and constitution: Precursors of political traditions and collective identities
Authors: Yair Gad 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The sociology of constitutions is a rather new domain. This paper adds to the legal and political literature on national constitutions and their effects on political traditions and collective identities by using the theory of cultural trauma. Using cultural sociology's analyses of national trauma, it demonstrates that the meaning of national constitutions and their particular articles become clear when juxtaposed with the narratives of trauma that national leaders eternalised in their stories of constitution. Close scrutiny of the constitutions of the USA, France, Italy, Croatia, Poland and Ukraine shows that beneath the legal jargon and the distinct political worldviews of modern national constitutions lay constitutive national traumas. Those national traumas motivated constitutional authors to make sure that those traumas will never recur. In so doing they charted particular political destinies and created unique collective identities.
Photon counting-energy integrating hybrid flat panel detector systems for image-guided interventions: an experimental proof-of-concept
Authors: Treb Kevin , Hämisch York , Ullberg Christer , Zhang Ran , Li Ke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Current C-arm x-ray systems equipped with scintillator-based flat panel detectors (FPDs) lack sufficient low-contrast detectability and spectral, high-resolution capabilities much desired for certain interventional procedures. Semiconductor-based direct-conversion photon counting detectors (PCDs) offer these imaging capabilities, although the cost of full field-of-view (FOV) PCD is still too high at the moment. The purpose of this work was to present a hybrid photon counting-energy integrating FPD design as a cost-effective solution to high-quality interventional imaging. Approach. In the proposed hybrid detector design, the central scintillator and thin-film transistor elements in the FPD are replaced with a semiconductor PCD module to upgrade the imaging capabilities of the C-arm system while preserving the full FOV coverage. The central PCD module can be used for high-quality 2D and 3D region-of-interest imaging with improved spatial- and temporal-resolution as well as spectral resolving capability. An experimental proof-of-concept was conducted using a 30 × 2.5 cm2 CdTe PCD and a 40 × 30 cm2 CsI(Tl)-aSi(H) FPD. Main results. Phantom and in vivo animal studies show (1) improved visualization of small stent wires in both 2D and 3D images due to the better spatial resolution of the PCD; (2) dual-energy angiography imaging capability by using the spectral PCD; (3) better conspicuity of small peripheral iodinated vessels (contrast-to-noise ratio improvement range: (29%, 151%)); (4) the central PCD outputs can be fused seamlessly with the surrounding scintillator detector outputs to provide full field imaging: A post-processing chain was developed by leveraging the PCD’s spectral information to match the image contrast of the PCD images to the surrounding scintillator detector, followed by spatial filtering of the PCD image to match noise texture and spatial resolution. Significance. The hybrid FPD design provides a cost-effective option to upgrade C-arm systems with spectral and ultra-high resolution capabilities without interfering with the clinical need for full FOV imaging.
Secondary electrocardiographic stratification of NSTEMI to identify an acutely occluded culprit artery
Authors: Dzikowicz Dillon J , Carey Mary G 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the United States, approximately 720 000 adults will experience a myocardial infarction (MI) every year. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is quintessential for the classification of a MI. About 30% of all MIs exhibit ST-segment elevation on the 12-lead ECG and is therefore classified as an ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), which is treated emergently with percutaneous coronary intervention to restore blood flow. However, in the remaining 70% of MIs, the 12-lead ECG lacks ST-segment elevation and instead exhibits a motley of changes, including ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, or, in up to 20% of patients, have no changes whatsoever; as such, these MIs are classified as a Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). Of this larger classification of MIs, 33% of NSTEMI actually have an occlusion of the culprit artery consistent with a Type I MI . This is a serious clinical problem because NSTEMI with an occluded culprit artery have similar myocardial damage like STEMI and are more likely to suffer from adverse outcomes compared to NSTEMI without an occluded culprit artery. In this review article, we review the extant literature on NSTEMI with an occluded culprit artery. Afterward, we generate and discuss hypotheses for the absence of ST-segment elevation on the 12-lead ECG: (1) transient occlusion (2) collateral blood flow and chronically occluded artery and (3) ECG-silent myocardial regions. Lastly, we describe and define novel ECG features that are associated with an occluded culprit artery in NSTEMI which include T-wave morphology abnormalities and novel markers of ventricular repolarization heterogeneity.
Electron density and temperature in a diffuse nanosecond pulse discharge in air at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Brisset A , Guenin T , Tardiveau P , Sobota A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work presents the first experimental results on the electron properties of a nanosecond diffuse fast ionisation wave generated in synthetic dry air at atmospheric pressure under very strong overvoltage. Both density and mean temperature of electrons are investigated by incoherent Thomson scattering. The electron density is also derived from the Stark broadening of oxygen lines resolved by optical emission spectroscopy. The extreme voltages applied question some common hypothesis of the diagnostics implemented. The solutions adopted and the remaining limitations are discussed in the paper. Each diagnostic covers a specific region of interest within the discharge and they show good agreement in conditions where they overlap. It is shown that most of the volume of the pin-to-plane discharge is quite representative of a quasi-steady state glow discharge dominated by the emission of the first and second positive systems of nitrogen. Once its propagation completed within the first two nanoseconds and until the end of the 10 ns pulse, it is characterized by rather homogeneous properties close to the axis. The electron density is of the order of 1015 cm−3 and the mean temperature is about 3 eV within the whole air gap. About 6 ns after the start of the discharge from the pin, a sub-millimetric region of strong ionization develops at the pin, which is consistent with the observation of a continuum of emission spreading from the UV to the near-IR spectral range. Within this part of the discharge, the electron density reaches values greater than 1017 cm−3 with an ionization degree higher than 1%. The radiative recombination of nitrogen ions N2
+ and the three-body recombination of N+ with a large number of electrons could help to explain the continuum.