bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schutz vor Über- und Unterversorgung – Einführung in die DEGAM-Leitlinie
Authors: Kühlein Thomas , Egidi Günther , Scherer Martin ,   Leitliniengruppe, Scherer Martin , Kühlein Thomas , Egidi Günther , Wagner Hans-Otto , Dubben Hans-Hermann , Lühmann Dagmar , Abiry Dorit , Barzel Anne , Muche-Borowski Cathleen 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit Juni 2019 gibt es die DEGAM-Leitlinie „Schutz vor Über- und Unterversorgung – gemeinsam entscheiden“. Die hier vorgelegte Arbeit gibt den Einführungstext der Leitlinie in komprimierter und überarbeiteter Form wieder.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Problem der Über- und Unterversorgung sowie die Existenz der Leitlinie einer breiteren Leserinnen- und Leserschaft bewusst zu machen.

Material und Methoden
Grundlage dieser Arbeit ist der Einführungstext der Leitlinie, der von den Autoren, die Mitglieder der Leitlinienkommission sind, neu überarbeitet und ergänzt wurde.

Ergebnisse
Der Artikel definiert zunächst Über- und Unterversorgung und führt dann in die wesentlichen Ursachen, Dimensionen und Lösungsmöglichkeiten beider Phänomene ein. Dazu gehören letztlich auch die Folgen von Überversorgung für die planetare Gesundheit.

Diskussion
Über- und Unterversorgung sind häufig und bedingen sich oft gegenseitig. Die Leitlinie bietet auf Basis der wichtigsten Empfehlungen der anderen DEGAM-Leitlinien sowie der Nationalen VersorgungsLeitlinie einen Kernempfehlungssatz, um Über- und Unterversorgung zu vermeiden.
Sliding mode corrector for jet UAV control
Authors: Wang X. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA sliding mode corrector is presented for disturbance rejection in position sensing using relatively accurate velocity measurement. The corrector design is based on a robust second-order sliding mode (2-sliding mode), which makes the fusion of position and velocity on a sliding surface to reject disturbance. Even when the frequency bands of disturbance and actual position signal overlap, or large-magnitude disturbance exists, the corrector can still provide the accurate and smoothed estimate of position. The proposed corrector is applied to a jet UAV navigation and control. In the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, the disturbances exist in position and attitude measurements, and the uncertainties exist in the system dynamics. For the UAV trajectory tracking control, the system model is constructed in the earth-fixed frame, and the constructed model is fit for observer design to estimate system uncertainties. The control laws are designed according to the correction of position and attitude by the correctors and the estimation of system uncertainties by an existing observer. Finally, the flight experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Actualité de la Terreur
Authors: Simonin Anne 
Published: April 2023

RésuméLa Terreur, ces dix-huit mois du gouvernement révolutionnaire de l’an II généralement compris entre mars 1793 et juillet 1794, est probablement la période de l’histoire de la Révolution qui résiste le plus à l’interprétation. Et l’intérêt, pour ne pas dire la passion, dans la recherche des causes et des responsables qui anime ceux qui en furent les contemporains, et les potentielles victimes, est d’une intensité qui ne se démentira pas au xixe siècle, voire au xxe siècle, chez les historiens cette fois. L’historiographie récente de la Terreur, dont certains ouvrages sont ici analysés, est d’un ton plus apaisé. Malgré des désaccords persistants, un consensus s’est fait jour. Les émotions sont reconnues comme facteur décisif des choix radicaux faits par les acteurs. Ces choix ne sont pas seulement rationnels et contraints, puisque dictés par les circonstances ; ils ne trahissent pas non plus une vision politique cohérente, un système matrice d’une pensée totalitaire, mais bien plutôt des ajustements que des individus sont forcés de faire pour rester en cohérence avec les « communautés émotionnelles » auxquelles ils appartiennent. Les émotions ne sont pas un paradigme neuf : c’est Lucien Febvre qui, dès la fin des années 1930, a alerté sur leur importance pour l’historien. Appliquées à la Terreur, dans les champs historiographiques français et anglais, les émotions participent d’une nouvelle histoire des élites. Mais peuvent-elles, à elles seules, rendre compte de cet état d’exception qu’est l’état de guerre expérimenté par la France durant la Terreur ?
Use of clinical decision support for antibiotic stewardship in the emergency department and outpatient clinics: An interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Ford James S. , Morgan Bustamante Brittany L. , Virk Mehr Kaur , Ramirez Nancy , Matsumoto Cynthia G. , Lee Daniel Jin , MacDonald Scott , May Larissa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of implementing clinical decision support (CDS) tools for outpatient antibiotic prescribing in the emergency department (ED) and clinic settings.

Design:
We performed a before-and-after, quasi-experimental study that employed an interrupted time-series analysis.

Setting:
The study institution was a quaternary, academic referral center in Northern California.

Participants:
We included prescriptions for patients in the ED and 21 primary-care clinics within the same health system.

Intervention:
We implemented a CDS tool for azithromycin on March 1, 2020, and a CDS tool for fluoroquinolones (FQs; ie, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) on November 1, 2020. The CDS added friction to inappropriate ordering workflows while adding health information technology (HIT) features to easily perform recommended actions. The primary outcome was the number of monthly prescriptions for each antibiotic type, by implementation period (before vs after).

Results:
Immediately after azithromycin-CDS implementation, monthly rates of azithromycin prescribing decreased significantly in both the ED (−24%; 95% CI, −37% to −10%; P < .001) and outpatient clinics (−47%; 95% CI, −56% to −37%; P < .001). In the first month after FQ-CDS implementation in the clinics, there was no significant drop in ciprofloxacin prescriptions; however, there was a significant decrease in ciprofloxacin prescriptions over time (−5% per month; 95% CI, −6% to −3%; P < .001), suggesting a delayed effect of the CDS.

Conclusion:
Implementing CDS tools was associated with an immediate decrease in azithromycin prescriptions, in both the ED and clinics. CDS may serve as a valuable adjunct to existing antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Resilience Mediates the Relationship Between Parental Attachment and Posttraumatic Growth in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zang Xueyan , Li Tianyuan , Li Mengdan , An Yuanyuan , Cheng Xuan , Jin Jialu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Previous studies have shown that parental attachment was associated with higher levels of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in individuals who have experienced traumatic events. The aim of the current longitudinal study is to investigate resilience as one pathway through which parental attachment is related to PTG among Chinese adolescents following the Yancheng tornado.

Methods:
A total of 351 adolescent survivors participated in this longitudinal study. Participants completed the revised version of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA-R) at 12 months (T1), and the revised Chinese version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-R) and the Connor and Davidson’s Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) at 18 months (T2) after the tornado, respectively.

Results:
It indicated that parental attachment at T1 has direct and positive effect on PTG at T2, and resilience at T2 fully mediated the relationship between parental attachment at T1 and PTG at T2.

Conclusion:
The findings revealed that parental attachment and resilience are two key resources that promote adolescent’s PTG, and parental attachment acts through resilience to promote PTG in adolescents.
Laser pulse shape designer for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions
Authors: Tao Tao , Zheng Guannan , Jia Qing , Yan Rui , Zheng Jian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pulse shaping is a powerful tool for mitigating implosion instabilities in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF). However, the high-dimensional and nonlinear nature of implosions makes the pulse optimization quite challenging. In this research, we develop a machine-learning pulse shape designer to achieve high compression density and stable implosion. The facility-specific laser imprint pattern is considered in the optimization, which makes the pulse design more relevant. The designer is applied to the novel double-cone ignition scheme, and simulation shows that the optimized pulse increases the areal density expectation by 16% in one dimension, and the clean-fuel thickness by a factor of four in two dimensions. This pulse shape designer could be a useful tool for direct-drive ICF instability control.
Laryngoscopy-based scoring system for the diagnosis of vocal fold leukoplakia
Authors: Ni Xiao-Guang , Zhu Ji-Qing , Tie Cheng-Wei , Wang Mei-Ling , Zhang Wei , Wang Gui-Qi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo propose a scoring system based on laryngoscopic characteristics for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vocal fold leukoplakia.MethodsLaryngoscopic images from 200 vocal fold leukoplakia cases were retrospectively analysed. The laryngoscopic signs of benign and malignant vocal fold leukoplakia were compared, and statistically significant features were assigned and accumulated to establish the leukoplakia finding score.ResultsA total of five indicators associated with malignant vocal fold leukoplakia were included to construct the leukoplakia finding score, with a possible range of 0–10 points. A score of 6 points or more was indicative of a diagnosis of malignant vocal fold leukoplakia. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of the leukoplakia finding score were 93.8 per cent, 83.6 per cent and 86.0 per cent, respectively. The consistency in the leukoplakia finding score obtained by different laryngologists was strong (kappa = 0.809).ConclusionThis scoring system based on laryngoscopic characteristics has high diagnostic value for distinguishing benign and malignant vocal fold leukoplakia.
Compact hand-guided 3D scanning terahertz sensor platforms with 3D-printed aspherical telecentric f-θ lens
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Shiva , Hussung Raphael , Keil Andreas , Leuchs Sven , Krebs Christian , Nüßler Dirk , Seewig Jörg , von Freymann Georg , Friederich Fabian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report on the development of a handheld three-dimensional (3D) terahertz scanning system with an aspherical telecentric 3D-printed f-θ lens using selective laser sintering. The lens covers a broader scan line of 50 mm with its larger aperture, compared to the 20 mm range in our initial work, which was presented at the European Microwave Week 2021. In order to evaluate the adaptability of the optomechanical components with different sensor units, two different integrated frequency-modulated continuous wave radar modules based on monolithic microwave integrated circuit technology, operating in W- and D-bands are tested within the measurement scheme. The optomechanical part consists of a galvanometer scanner mirror and the f-θ lens. The optical system enables B-scans perpendicular to the manual translational movement of the sensor unit by its user. An integrated guiding wheel system with rotary encoder makes it possible to correlate the measurement points to their respective locations, enabling complete 3D volumetric inspection of the corresponding structures, which is particularly useful for the inspection along cracks and welds.
Fast and Accurate Estimation of Evapotranspiration for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Li Weiyu , Tartakovsky Daniel M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability to quantify evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for smart agriculture and sustainable groundwater management. Efficient ET estimation strategies often rely on the vertical‐flow assumption to assimilate data from soil‐moisture sensors. While adequate in some large‐scale applications, this assumption fails when the horizontal component of the local flow velocity is not negligible due to, for example, soil heterogeneity or drip irrigation. We present novel implementations of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which enable us to infer spatially varying ET rates and root water uptake profiles from soil‐moisture measurements. While the standard versions of EnKF and MLE update the predicted soil moisture prior to computing ET, ours treat the ET sink term in Richards' equation as an updatable observable. We test the prediction accuracy and computational efficiency of our methods in a setting representative of drip irrigation. Our strategies accurately estimate the total ET rates and root‐uptake profiles and do so up to two‐orders of magnitude faster than the standard EnKF.
A puzzling insensitivity of magnon spin diffusion to the presence of 180-degree domain walls
Authors: Li Ruofan , Riddiford Lauren J. , Chai Yahong , Dai Minyi , Zhong Hai , Li Bo , Li Peng , Yi Di , Zhang Yuejie , Broadway David A. , Dubois Adrien E. E. , Maletinsky Patrick , Hu Jiamian , Suzuki Yuri , Ralph Daniel C. , Nan Tianxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present room-temperature measurements of magnon spin diffusion in epitaxial ferrimagnetic insulator MgAl0.5Fe1.5O4 (MAFO) thin films near zero applied magnetic field where the sample forms a multi-domain state. Due to a weak uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, the domains are separated primarily by 180° domain walls. We find, surprisingly, that the presence of the domain walls has very little effect on the spin diffusion – nonlocal spin transport signals in the multi-domain state retain at least 95% of the maximum signal strength measured for the spatially-uniform magnetic state, over distances at least five times the typical domain size. This result is in conflict with simple models of interactions between magnons and static domain walls, which predict that the spin polarization carried by the magnons reverses upon passage through a 180° domain wall.
Clinico-imaging features of subjects at risk of Lewy body disease in NaT-PROBE baseline analysis
Authors: Hattori Makoto , Hiraga Keita , Satake Yuki , Tsuboi Takashi , Tamakoshi Daigo , Sato Maki , Yokoi Katsunori , Suzuki Keisuke , Arahata Yutaka , Hori Akihiro , Kawashima Motoshi , Shimizu Hideaki , Matsuda Hiroshi , Kato Katsuhiko , Washimi Yukihiko , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIndividuals with prodromal symptoms of Lewy body disease (LBD), such as rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), often showed imaging defects similar to patients with Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. We examined dopamine transporter (DaT) single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in 69 high-risk subjects with ≥2 prodromal symptoms (dysautonomia, hyposmia, and probable RBD) and 32 low-risk subjects without prodromal symptoms, whom were identified through a questionnaire survey of health checkup examinees. The high-risk subjects had significantly worse scores on Stroop test, line orientation test, and the Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese than the low-risk subjects. The prevalence of abnormalities on DaT-SPECT was higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (24.6% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.030). A decreased uptake on DaT-SPECT was associated with motor impairment, and MIBG scintigraphy defects were associated with hyposmia. The simultaneous evaluation of DaT-SPECT and MIBG scintigraphy may capture a wide range of individuals with prodromal LBD.
De novo design of protein interactions with learned surface fingerprints
Authors: Gainza Pablo , Wehrle Sarah , Van Hall-Beauvais Alexandra , Marchand Anthony , Scheck Andreas , Harteveld Zander , Buckley Stephen , Ni Dongchun , Tan Shuguang , Sverrisson Freyr , Goverde Casper , Turelli Priscilla , Raclot Charlène , Teslenko Alexandra , Pacesa Martin , Rosset Stéphane , Georgeon Sandrine , Marsden Jane , Petruzzella Aaron , Liu Kefang , Xu Zepeng , Chai Yan , Han Pu , Gao George F. , Oricchio Elisa , Fierz Beat , Trono Didier , Stahlberg Henning , Bronstein Michael , Correia Bruno E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhysical interactions between proteins are essential for most biological processes governing life1. However, the molecular determinants of such interactions have been challenging to understand, even as genomic, proteomic and structural data increase. This knowledge gap has been a major obstacle for the comprehensive understanding of cellular protein–protein interaction networks and for the de novo design of protein binders that are crucial for synthetic biology and translational applications2–9. Here we use a geometric deep-learning framework operating on protein surfaces that generates fingerprints to describe geometric and chemical features that are critical to drive protein–protein interactions10. We hypothesized that these fingerprints capture the key aspects of molecular recognition that represent a new paradigm in the computational design of novel protein interactions. As a proof of principle, we computationally designed several de novo protein binders to engage four protein targets: SARS-CoV-2 spike, PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Several designs were experimentally optimized, whereas others were generated purely in silico, reaching nanomolar affinity with structural and mutational characterization showing highly accurate predictions. Overall, our surface-centric approach captures the physical and chemical determinants of molecular recognition, enabling an approach for the de novo design of protein interactions and, more broadly, of artificial proteins with function.
An eleven-gene risk model associated with lymph node metastasis predicts overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yan , Shi Wei , Tang Qiong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) occupies major causes of tumor death. Identifying potential prognostic risk genes is crucial to predict the overall survival of patients with LUAD. In this study, we constructed and proved an 11-gene risk signature. This prognostic signature divided LUAD patients into low- and high-risk groups. The model outperformed in prognostic accuracy at varying follow-up times (AUC for 3 years: 0.699, 5 years: 0.713, and 7 years: 0.716). Two GEO datasets also indicate the great accuracy of the risk signature (AUC = 782 and 771, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified 4 independent risk factors including stage N (HR 1.320, 95% CI 1.102–1.581, P = 0.003), stage T (HR 3.159, 95% CI 1.920–3.959, P < 0.001), tumor status (HR 5.688, 95% CI 3.883–8.334, P < 0.001), and the 11-gene risk model (HR 2.823, 95% CI 1.928–4.133, P < 0.001). The performance of the nomogram was good in the TCGA database (AUC = 0.806, 0.798, and 0.818 for 3-, 5- and 7-year survival). The subgroup analysis in different age, gender, tumor status, clinical stage, and recurrence stratifications indicated that the accuracy was high in different subgroups (all P < 0.05). Briefly, our work established an 11-gene risk model and a nomogram merging the model with clinicopathological characteristics to facilitate individual prediction of LUAD patients for clinicians.
Liquid crystal-assisted optical biosensor for early-stage diagnosis of mammary glands using HER-2
Authors: Pourasl Mehri H. , Vahedi Ali , Tajalli Habib , Khalilzadeh Balal , Bayat Farzaneh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women around the world. The purpose of this study is to present a non-labeled liquid crystal (LC) biosensor, based on the inherent feature of nematic LCs, for the evaluation of BC using the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) biomarker. The mechanism of this sensing is supported by surface modification with dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP) encouraging the long alkyl chains that induce a homeotropic orientation of the LC molecules at the interface. To enhance the binding efficacy of more HER-2 antibody (Ab) on LC aligning agents, a simple ultraviolet radiation-assisted method was also used to increase functional groups on the DMOAP coated slides, thereby improving binding affinity and efficiency onto HER-2 Abs. The designed biosensor makes use of the specific binding of HER-2 protein to HER-2 Ab and disruption of the orientation of LCs. This orientation change leads to a transition of the optical appearance from dark to birefringent, enabling the detection of HER-2. This novel biosensor exhibits a linear optical response to HER-2 concentration in the wide dynamic range of 10–6–102 ng/mL, with an ultra-low detection limit of 1 fg/mL. As a proof of concept, the designed LC biosensor was successfully investigated for the quantification of HER-2 protein in patients suffering from BC. Owing to the sensitivity, selectivity, and label-free detection, this biosensor may amplify the application of LC-based biosensors for the detection of most types of cancers.
Transfer-recursive-ensemble learning for multi-day COVID-19 prediction in India using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Chakraborty Debasrita , Goswami Debayan , Ghosh Susmita , Ghosh Ashish , Chan Jonathan H. , Wang Lipo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has put a huge challenge on the Indian health infrastructure. With a larger number of people getting affected during the second wave, hospitals were overburdened, running out of supplies and oxygen. Hence, predicting new COVID-19 cases, new deaths, and total active cases multiple days in advance can aid better utilization of scarce medical resources and prudent pandemic-related decision-making. The proposed method uses gated recurrent unit networks as the main predicting model. A study is conducted by building four models pre-trained on COVID-19 data from four different countries (United States of America, Brazil, Spain, and Bangladesh) and fine-tuned on India’s data. Since the four countries chosen have experienced different types of infection curves, the pre-training provides a transfer learning to the models incorporating diverse situations into account. Each of the four models then gives 7-day ahead predictions using the recursive learning method for the Indian test data. The final prediction comes from an ensemble of the predictions of the different models. This method with two countries, Spain and Bangladesh, is seen to achieve the best performance amongst all the combinations as well as compared to other traditional regression models.