bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface magnetism in the pulsating RV Tauri star R Scuti
Authors: Georgiev Stefan , Lèbre Agnès , Josselin Eric , Mathias Philippe , Konstantinova-Antova Renada , Sabin Laurence 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the surface magnetic field conditions of the brightest pulsating RV Tauri star, R Sct. Our investigation is based on the longest spectropolarimetric survey ever performed on this variable star. The analysis of high resolution spectra and circular polarization data give sharp information on the dynamics of the atmosphere and the surface magnetism, respectively. Our analysis shows that surface magnetic field can be detected at different phases along a pulsating cycle, and that it may be related to the presence of a radiative shock wave periodically emerging out of the photosphere and propagating throughout the stellar atmosphere.
WISDOM Project – XV. Giant molecular clouds in the central region of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 5806
Authors: Choi Woorak , Liu Lijie , Bureau Martin , Cappellari Michele , Davis Timothy A , Gensior Jindra , Liang Fu-Heng , Lu Anan , Williams Thomas G , Chung Aeree 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present high spatial resolution (≈24 pc) Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array 12CO(2-1) observations of the central region of the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 5806. NGC 5806 has a highly structured molecular gas distribution with a clear nucleus, a nuclear ring, and offset dust lanes. We identify 170 spatially and spectrally resolved giant molecular clouds (GMCs). These clouds have comparable sizes (Rc) and larger gas masses, observed linewidths (σobs, los), and gas mass surface densities than those of clouds in the Milky Way disc. The size–linewidth relation of the clouds is one of the steepest reported so far ($\sigma _{\mathrm{obs,los}}\propto R_{\mathrm{c}}^{1.20}$ ), the clouds are on average only marginally bound (with a mean virial parameter 〈αvir〉 ≈ 2), and high velocity dispersions are observed in the nuclear ring. These behaviours are likely due to bar-driven gas shocks and inflows along the offset dust lanes, and we infer an inflow velocity of ≈120 km s−1 and a total molecular gas mass inflow rate of ≈5 M⊙ yr−1 into the nuclear ring. The observed internal velocity gradients of the clouds are consistent with internal turbulence. The number of clouds in the nuclear ring decreases with azimuthal angle downstream from the dust lanes without clear variation of cloud properties. This is likely due to the estimated short lifetime of the clouds (≈6 Myr), which appears to be mainly regulated by cloud–cloud collision and/or shear processes. Overall, it thus seems that the presence of the large-scale bar and gas inflows to the centre of NGC 5806 affect cloud properties.
Sensitivity of non-radiative cloud–wind interactions to the hydrodynamic solver
Authors: Braspenning Joey , Schaye Joop , Borrow Josh , Schaller Matthieu 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Cloud–wind interactions are common in the interstellar and circumgalactic media. Many studies have used simulations of such interactions to investigate the effect of particular physical processes, but the impact of the choice of hydrodynamic solver has largely been overlooked. Here we study the cloud–wind interaction, also known as the ‘blob test’, using seven different hydrodynamic solvers: three flavours of SPH, a moving mesh, adaptive mesh refinement, and two meshless schemes. The evolution of masses in dense gas and intermediate-temperature gas, as well as the covering fraction of intermediate-temperature gas, are systematically compared for initial density contrasts of 10 and 100, and five numerical resolutions. To isolate the differences due to the hydrodynamic solvers, we use idealized non-radiative simulations without physical conduction. We find large differences between these methods. SPH methods show slower dispersal of the cloud, particularly for the higher density contrast, but faster convergence, especially for the lower density contrast. Predictions for the intermediate-temperature gas differ particularly strongly, also between non-SPH codes, and converge most slowly. We conclude that the hydrodynamical interaction between a dense cloud and a supersonic wind remains an unsolved problem. Studies aiming to understand the physics or observational signatures of cloud–wind interactions should test the robustness of their results by comparing different hydrodynamic solvers.
Biases to primordial non-Gaussianity measurements from CMB secondary anisotropies
Authors: Coulton William , Miranthis Alexander , Challinor Anthony 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Our view of the last-scattering surface in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is obscured by secondary anisotropies, sourced by scattering, extragalactic emission, and gravitational processes between recombination and observation. Whilst it is established that non-Gaussianity from the correlation between the integrated-Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) effect and gravitational lensing can significantly bias primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) searches, recent work by Hill suggests that other combinations of secondary anisotropies can also produce significant biases. Building on that work, we use the WebSky and Sehgal et al. simulations to perform an extensive examination of possible biases to PNG measurements for the local, equilateral and orthogonal shapes. For a Planck-like CMB experiment, without foreground cleaning, we find significant biases from cosmic infrared background (CIB)-lensing and thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ)-lensing bispectra for the local and orthogonal templates, and from CIB and tSZ bispectra for the equilateral template. For future experiments, such as the Simons Observatory, biases from correlations between the ISW effect and the tSZ and CIB will also become important. Finally, we investigate the effectiveness of foreground-cleaning techniques to suppress these biases. We find that the majority of these biases are effectively suppressed by the internal-linear combination method with a total bias below the $1\, \sigma$ statistical error for both experiments. However, the small total bias arises from the cancellation of several $1\, \sigma$ biases for Planck-like experiments and $2\, \sigma$ biases for SO-like. As this cancellation is likely sensitive to the modelling, to ensure robustness against these biases, we recommend that explicit removal methods should be used.
Thermal evolution of neutron stars in soft X-ray transients with thermodynamically consistent models of the accreted crust
Authors: Potekhin A Y , Gusakov M E , Chugunov A I 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Thermal emission of neutron stars in soft X-ray transients (SXTs) in a quiescent state is believed to be powered by the heat deposited in the stellar crust due to nuclear reactions during accretion (deep crustal heating paradigm). Confronting observations of SXTs with simulations helps to verify theoretical models of the dense matter in the neutron stars. Usually, such simulations were carried out assuming that the free neutrons and nuclei in the inner crust move together. A recently proposed thermodynamically consistent approach allows for independent motion of the free neutrons. We simulate the thermal evolution of the SXTs within the thermodynamically consistent approach and compare the results with the traditional approach and with observations. For the latter, we consider a collection of quasi-equilibrium thermal luminosities of the SXTs in quiescence and the observed neutron star crust cooling in SXT MXB 1659−29. We test different models of the equation of state and baryon superfluidity and take into account additional heat sources in the shallow layers of neutron-star crust (the shallow heating). We find that the observed quasi-stationary thermal luminosities of the SXTs can be equally well fitted using the traditional and thermodynamically consistent models, provided that the shallow heat diffusion into the core is taken into account. The observed crust cooling in MXB 1659−29 can also be fitted in the frames of both models, but the choice of the model affects the derived parameters responsible for the thermal conductivity in the crust and for the shallow heating.
An XMM–Newton study of six narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies at z = 0.35–0.92
Authors: Yu Zhibo , Jiang Jiachen , Bambi Cosimo , Gallo Luigi C , Grupe Dirk , Fabian Andrew C , Reynolds Christopher S , Brandt William N 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We report a detailed analysis of the XMM–Newton spectra of six narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies at redshift z = 0.35–0.92. Compared with the NLS1s at lower redshift in the previously most-studied sample, these NLS1s have larger black hole (BH) masses ($\log \, M_\mathrm{BH}\gt 7.5$ ) with similar or even lower Eddington ratios. Our extended XMM–Newton sample of NLS1s shows strong soft X-ray excess emission below 2 keV. The quantified soft excess strength does not show an obvious discrepancy from previous studies of the lower redshift NLS1s. The systematic effect in the measurement of the Eddington ratio mainly lies in the bolometric correction factor. We also tentatively fit the spectra assuming two more physical models for the soft excess: warm Comptonization and relativistic reflection from the inner accretion disc. In the first scenario, we confirm the ubiquity of a warm and optically thick corona. The behaviour of a single source can be better explained by relativistic reflection, although we cannot distinguish which model is a more favourable explanation for the soft excess based on the best-fitting statistics.
First observations of warm and cold methanol in Class 0/I proto-brown dwarfs
Authors: Riaz B , Thi W-F , Machida M N 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present results from the first molecular line survey to search for the fundamental complex organic molecule, methanol (CH3OH), in 14 Class 0/I proto-brown dwarfs (proto-BDs). IRAM 30-m observations over the frequency range of 92–116 and 213–280 GHz have revealed emission in 14 CH3OH transition lines, at upper state energy level, Eupper ∼7–49 K, and critical densities, ncrit of 105–109 cm−3. The most commonly detected lines are at Eupper &lt; 20 K, while 11 proto-BDs also show emission in the higher excitation lines at Eupper ∼21–49 K and ncrit ∼ 105 to 108 cm−3. In comparison with the brown dwarf formation models, the high excitation lines likely probe the warm (∼25–50 K) corino region at ∼10–50 au in the proto-BDs, while the low-excitation lines trace the cold (&lt;20 K) gas at ∼50–150 au. The column density for the cold component is an order of magnitude higher than the warm component. The CH3OH ortho-to-para ratios range between ∼0.3 and 2.3. The volume-averaged CH3OH column densities show a rise with decreasing bolometric luminosity among the proto-BDs, with the median column density higher by a factor of ∼3 compared to low-mass protostars. Emission in high-excitation (Eupper &gt; 25 K) CH3OH lines together with the model predictions suggest that a warm corino is present in ∼78 per cent of the proto-BDs in our sample. The remaining shows evidence of only the cold component, possibly due to the absence of a strong, high-velocity jet that can stir up the warm gas around it.
iMaNGA: mock MaNGA galaxies based on IllustrisTNG and MaStar SSPs – II. The catalogue
Authors: Nanni Lorenza , Thomas Daniel , Trayford James , Maraston Claudia , Neumann Justus , Law David R , Hill Lewis , Pillepich Annalisa , Yan Renbin , Chen Yanping , Lazarz Dan 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Strengthening the synergy between simulations and observations is essential to test galaxy formation and evolution theories. To achieve this goal, in the first paper of this series, we presented a method to generate mock SDSS-IV/Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) integral-field spectroscopic galaxy observations from cosmological simulations. In this second paper, we build the iMaNGA catalogue consisting of ∼1000 unique galaxies from the TNG50 cosmological simulations, selected to mimic the SDSS-IV/MaNGA-Primary sample selection. Here, we present and discuss the iMaNGA sample and its comparison to the MaNGA Primary catalogue. The iMaNGA sample well recovers the MaNGA-Primary sample in terms of stellar mass versus angular size relation and spatial resolution. The Sérsic index versus angular size relation, instead, is not reproduced well by the simulations, mostly because of a paucity of high-mass elliptical galaxies in TNG50. We also investigate our ability to recover the galaxy kinematics and stellar population properties with full-spectral fitting. We demonstrate that ‘intrinsic’ and ‘recovered’ stellar kinematics, stellar ages, and metallicities are consistent, with residuals compatible with zero within 1σ. Also ‘intrinsic’ and ‘recovered’ star formation histories display a great resemblance. We conclude that our mock generation and spectral fitting processes do not distort the ‘intrinsic’ galaxy properties. Therefore, in the third paper of this series, we can meaningfully test the cosmological simulations, comparing the stellar population properties and kinematics of the iMaNGA mock galaxies and the MaNGA observational results.
ALMACAL – X. Constraints on molecular gas in the low-redshift circumgalactic medium
Authors: Klitsch Anne , Davis Timothy A , Hamanowicz Aleksandra , van de Voort Freeke , Péroux Céline , Zwaan Martin A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Despite its crucial role in galaxy evolution, the complex circumgalactic medium (CGM) remains underexplored. Although, it is known to be multiphase, the importance of the molecular gas phase to the total CGM mass budget is, to date, unconstrained. We present the first constraints on the molecular gas covering fraction in the CGM of low-redshift galaxies, using measurements of CO column densities along sightlines towards mm-bright background quasars with intervening galaxies. We do not detect molecular absorption against the background quasars. For the individual, low-redshift, ‘normal’ galaxy haloes probed here, we can therefore rule out the presence of an extremely molecular gas-rich CGM, as recently reported in high-redshift protoclusters and around luminous active galactic nuclei. We also set statistical limits on the volume filling factor of molecular material in the CGM as a whole, and as a function of radius. Interstellar medium-like molecular clouds of ∼30 pc in radius with column densities of N(CO) ≳ 1016 cm−2 have volume filling factors of &lt;0.2 per cent. Large-scale smooth gas reservoirs are ruled out much more stringently. The development of this technique in the future will allow deeper constraining limits to be set on the importance (or unimportance) of molecular gas in the CGM.
Perspectives on Music Healing by Traditional Healers and Music Therapists
Authors: Von Fritschen Charlotte , Dos Santos Andeline 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The majority of South Africans use both traditional and Western healthcare services. Although traditional healers have long since recognized and utilized the healing power of music, music therapy as a profession in this country is largely aligned with Western medical approaches, as it is regulated by the Health Professions Council of South Africa. This alignment leaves little recognition to traditional health practitioners. In the current study, we explored music therapists’ and traditional healers’ perceptions of their roles and relationships with each other in South African healthcare with the hope of initiating dialogue. Four traditional healers (TH) and four music therapists (MT) participated in interviews within this multiple case study, and thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. We identified eight overarching themes that appeared most salient to the music therapists and traditional healers (framed from their perspectives): (1) Both our practices support wellbeing, with music as a tool; (2) We both seek to enhance general well-being, but with different specializations; (3) We both focus on relational connection; (4) We both emphasize the importance of culture; (5) THs emphasize spirituality; (6) We hold curious, yet cautious regard for each other’s practices; (7) MT may aid in addressing psychosocial needs in South Africa; and (8) We both welcome a pluralism of approaches. Both groups of practitioners envisioned a future healthcare system that embraces multiple modalities while reflecting on the need to engage in issues related to boundaries of scopes of practice. They highlighted the need for greater trust between practitioners from different approaches to serve a diverse population better.
Body condition of larval roundherring,Gilchristella aestuaria(family Clupeidae), in relation to harmful algal blooms in a warm-temperate estuary
Authors: Smit Taryn , Clemmesen Catriona , Lemley Daniel A , Adams Janine B , Bornman Eugin , Strydom Nadine A 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEutrophication-driven harmful algal blooms (HABs) can have secondary effects on larval fishes that rely on estuaries as nurseries. However, few studies worldwide have quantified these effects despite the global rise in eutrophication. This study presents a novel approach using biochemical body condition analyses to evaluate the impact of HABs on the growth and body condition of the larvae of an estuarine resident fish. Recurrent phytoplankton blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo occur in the warm-temperate Sundays Estuary on the southeast coast of South Africa. The response in body condition and assemblage structure on larval estuarine roundherring (Gilchristella aestuaria) was measured in conjunction with bloom conditions, water quality and zooplanktonic prey and predators. Larvae and early juveniles were sampled during varying intensity levels, duration and frequency of hypereutrophic blooms. This study demonstrated that extensive HABs could significantly impact larval roundherring, G. aestuaria, by decreasing larval nutritional condition and limiting their growth, resulting in poor grow-out into the juvenile phase. Poor condition and growth may likely affect recruitment success to adult populations, and since G. aestuaria is an important forage fish and zooplanktivore, poor recruitment will hold consequences for estuarine food webs.
Profiling migraine patients according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics: a cluster analysis approach
Authors: Di Antonio Stefano , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Ponzano Marta , Bovis Francesca , Torelli Paola , Finocchi Cinzia , Castaldo Matteo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim
This study aims to profile migraine patients according clinical and psychophysical characteristics.

Method
In this observational study, two cohorts of migraine patients(episodic/chronic) were included. Cohort-1: ictal/perictal phase; Cohort-2: interictal phase.
The following variables were assessed: headache frequency; disability; cervical active range of motion(AROM) in flexion, extension, right/left lateral flexion, right/left rotation; pressure-pain threshold(PPT) over: temporalis, two cervical areas(C1/C4 vertebral segments), and two distal pain-free areas(hand/leg). Cluster analysis was performed using the K-means algorithm. Differences across clusters were investigated.

Results
Cohort-1: 100 patients were included, and two clusters were identified. Cluster-1.1 (19%), Cluster-1.2 (81%). Cluster 1.1 had a higher percentage of men (P = .037) and higher disability (P = .003) compared to Clusters 1.2. Cluster 1.2 had reduced AROM in flexion, extension, and left/right lateral flexion (P &lt; .037), and lower PPT value in all areas (P &lt; .001) compared to Cluster 1.1.
Cohort-2: 98 patients were included and three clusters were identified. Cluster-2.1(18%), Cluster-2.2(45%), and Cluster-2.3(37%). Cluster-2.1 had a higher percentage of men compared to clusters-2.2 and 2.3 (P = .009). Cluster-2.3 had higher headache frequency, and disability compared to Cluster-2.2 (P &lt; .006), and higher disability compared to Cluster-2.1 (P = .010). Cluster-2.3 had reduced AROM in all directions compared to Clusters-2.1 and 2.2 (P &lt; .029). Clusters-2.2 and 2.3 have lower PPT values in all areas compared to Cluster-1.1 (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
In the Ictal/perictal phase, two clusters were identified according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics, with one group showing no psychophysical impairment and one with increased pain-sensitivity and cervical musculoskeletal-dysfunctions.
In the interictal phase, three clusters could be identified, with one group showing no psychophysical impairment, one increased pain-sensitivity, and one increased pain sensitivity and cervical musculoskeletal-dysfunctions.
Mobile Health Pulmonary Rehabilitation Compared to a Center-Based Program for Cost-Effectiveness and Effects on Exercise Capacity, Health Status, and Quality of Life in People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wootton Sally L , Dale Marita T , Alison Jennifer A , Brown Sarah , Rutherford Hannah , Chan Andrew S L , Varnfield Marlien , Yang Ian A , Cunich Michelle , Dennis Sarah , McKeough Zoe J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The use of digital health is a novel way to improve access to comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to determine if a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program supported by mobile health (mHealth) technology is equivalent to center-based pulmonary rehabilitation in terms of improvements in exercise capacity and health status in people with COPD.

Methods
This study is a prospective, multicenter, equivalence randomized controlled trial (RCT) with intention-to-treat analysis. A hundred participants with COPD will be recruited from 5 pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Following randomization, participants will be assigned in a concealed manner to receive either home-based pulmonary rehabilitation supported by mHealth or center-based pulmonary rehabilitation. Both programs will be 8 weeks and will include progressive exercise training, disease management education, self-management support, and supervision by a physical therapist. Co-primary outcome measures will be the 6-Minute Walk Test and the COPD Assessment Test. Secondary outcome measures will include the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, the EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level, the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, the 1-minute sit-to-stand test, the 5 times sit-to-stand test, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, daily physical activity levels, health care utilization, and costs. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Participant experience will be assessed through semi-structured interviews at the end of the intervention. Utilization of health care and costs will be measured again after 12 months.

Impact
This study will be the first rigorous RCT to examine the effects of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program supported by mHealth technology that includes comprehensive clinical outcome evaluation, assessment of daily physical activity, a health economic analysis, and qualitative analysis. If findings demonstrate that there is equivalence in clinical outcomes, that the mHealth program costs the least amount (and is thus cost-effective), and that the mHealth program is acceptable to participants, such programs should be widely implemented to improve access to pulmonary rehabilitation.