bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Clinical, Hematological, and Biochemical Profile of Under Five Hospitalized Children with Diarrhea from a Tertiary Care Institute in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Bajaj Mohit , Gandhi Manoj Kumar , Kumar Pancham , Gowda Chiranth , Mahajan Swati 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Diarrhea is still the second leading cause of death in children under 5. These deaths can be easily prevented by early recognition and appropriate intervention. Understanding of symptoms, signs, and complications of acute diarrhea is necessary in preventing these deaths. The main focus of this study was to study clinico-epidemiological and laboratory profile of under 5 hospitalized children with diarrhea.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North-west India from June 2016 to November 2018. Children presenting with acute watery diarrhea, between age of 1 month and 5 years, were enrolled in study. Clinical symptoms/signs along with demographic details and lab investigations of each case were studied.

Results:
Out of 179 admitted children, majority were males and maximum were in age group of 1–24 months. 136 (75.97%) children were exclusively breastfed till 6 months of age. Fever (88.82%), vomiting (74.30%), and oliguria (82.68%) were most common symptoms observed at admission. Depressed anterior fontanelle (63.12%), dry sunken eyes (80.45%), and/or delayed skin turgor (78.21%) were most common clinical signs observed. 140 (78.21%) children had some dehydration and 11 (6.15%) had severe dehydration. Severe features of bradycardia (2.23%), tachypnea (2.79%), and hypothermia (1.67%) were also noted. Deranged blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were observed in 48 (26.82%) and 15 (8.4%) children.

Conclusion:
Complications of diarrhea can be prevented by improving prevalent poor knowledge, attitude, and practices among parents regarding feeding and home-based interventions in diarrhea.
Monitoring the Level of Urinary Metabolites of Toluene and Xylene in Pregnant Women in Isfahan and Khansar and their Relationship with Demographic Factors and Air Quality Index
Authors: Paria Gholamreza , Hajizadeh Yaghoub , Ebrahimpour Karim , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
In this study, the levels of urinary metabolites of toluene and xylene isomers in pregnant women in Isfahan and Khansar cities and their associations with air quality index (AQI) and demographic factors were investigated.

Materials and Methods:
Depending on the population, 55 pregnant women from Isfahan and 15 pregnant women from Khansar, a total of 70 people were enrolled in the study and 140 urine samples were collected during their 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy (autumn and spring). Urinary metabolites of hippuric acid (HA), ortho-, meta-, and para-methyl HA (o-m-p-MHA) were extracted by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method, derivatized and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The results were statistically correlated with AQI level and demographic factors using appropriate statistical methods.

Results:
Mean urinary concentrations of HA, o-m-p-MHA in the 1st trimester of pregnancy were 371.2, 1.14, 2.48, and 1.97 mg/g cr, and those in the 3rd trimester were 582.1, 3.54, 6.93, and 2.43 mg/g cr, respectively. In the 1st trimester, the mean urinary level of ortho-MHA was significantly associated with the outdoor exposure time on workdays and fragrances use (P < 0.05). In the 3rd trimester, the mean concentration of HA was significantly correlated to age and outdoor exposure time on workdays (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The mean urinary concentrations of HA and MHA isomers in the 1st trimester of pregnancy in Isfahan were more than those in Khansar. Because the level of air pollution in Isfahan was higher than Khansar and that in autumn was higher than spring. In the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, the mean levels of MHA isomers in Isfahan were more than those in Khansar. Only the amount of p-MHA was significantly associated with AQI in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Thus, women who lived in high-traffic urban areas with high AQI were more exposed to toluene and xylene compounds.
Study of Hybrid Performance of the Methods Applied for Recycling Aq Qala-Industrial Park Effluent
Authors: Shahamat Yousef Dadban , Moghiseh Zohreh , Noruzian Hamidreza 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
Currently, recycling of secondary effluent can be used sustainably as a new water source to minimize the water consumption in areas which are exposed to water crisis. Hence, it is necessary to appraise hybrid advanced treatment technologies performance and to determine the best alternative for reusing secondary effluent of industrial park in full-scale.

Materials and Methods:
The secondary effluent (biological-treated) of the centralized industrial park wastewater treatment plant (Aq Qala, Golestan province, Iran) is introduced into combined systems such as (1) sand filter (SF) and membrane bioreactor (MBR), (2) SF, MBR and granular activated carbon (GAC) (3) SF and GAC (4) SF, MBR, GAC, and reverse osmosis (RO), as the hybrid advanced scenarios.

Results:
The effluent of SF/MBR/GAC/RO showed the highest quality (>99% removal efficiency). In this scenario, pH, silica, manganese, iron, total suspended solids, turbidity, total coliform, and chemical oxygen demand (COD), alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, and sulfate were determined 6.93 ± 0.19, 1.4 ± 0.6 mg/L, not detectable (ND), ND, <2 ± 0.2 mg/L, <1 Nephelometric Turbidity unit (NTU), ND and <2 ± 0.2 mg/L, 54.8 ± 1 2.5 mg/L, 50 ± 17 mg/L, 100 ± 14.89 mg/L, 68 ± 10.9 mg/L, and 44 ± 3.67 mg/L were observed in the range of product water standard for sensitive industries. Also, the maximum of efficiency of SF/MBR, SF/MBR/GAC, and SF/GAC systems was obtained 97.75% (as total coliforms), 62.65% (as COD), and 55.8% (as COD), respectively. Other parameters removed slight about 2% to 40%. However, hardness, alkalinity, and manganese concentrations not reduced after these systems (0% efficiency).

Conclusions:
The hybrid system of SF/MBR/GAC/RO was produced a clean and suitable water supply for the sensitive industries (e.g., intermediate-pressure boilers, cooling water, textile, etc.) of Aq Qala industrial park according to the environmental protection agency standards.
Nail-stem construct method for periprosthetic humeral fractures with recalcitrant nonunion after total elbow arthroplasty: A surgical technique
Authors: Chiang Yen-Sheng , Chen Shih-Hao , Liu Keng-Chang , Yang Chang-Chen , Chien Jui-Teng 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to describe the surgical technique using an innovative nail-stem construct in treatment of periprosthetic humeral fractures with recalcitrant nonunion after total elbow arthroplasty (TEA).

Materials and Methods:
Patients diagnosed with humeral recalcitrant nonunion in periprosthetic fractures and stem loosening after TEA were retrospectively recruited between 2018 and 2019. The demographic data and related clinical outcomes were recorded. We use a cutting length of the nail pushing into the humeral canal and then pull back distally to dock the tip of the humeral stem. The cement was packed into the humeral canal, and the periprosthetic bone defect was impacting with harvested allograft chip.

Results:
Patient age, gender, lesion site, number of previous surgeries, and the time period from the primary TEA to the nail-stem reconstruction were allocated. Moreover, the range of motion, degree of elbow stability, and level of pain were evaluated for each patient following this procedure. All the four patients achieved an optimal range of motion and secure stability with painless elbow at final follow-up.

Conclusion:
Our proposed nail-stem construct with double allogenous bone plate is a feasible alternative for revisional TEA in patients with implant loosening, periprosthetic humeral fractures, and recalcitrant nonunion.
Case Report: Cutaneous Mycosis Caused by Purpureocillium lilacinum
Authors: Wang Ying , Bao Fangfang , Lu Xianmei , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT.
Purpureocillium lilacinum, widely used as a commercial biocontrol agent for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes, is an emerging opportunistic pathogen in humans and is increasingly reported, especially among immunocompromised patients. We report a classic case of cutaneous mycosis caused by P. lilacinum. A 51-year-old Chinese woman who received tacrolimus and glucocorticoid therapy for 3 years for nephrotic syndrome experienced recurrent papules, pustules, and ulceration on her right ring finger and subcutaneous nodules on her forearm 6 months ago. A lesion biopsy on the right ring finger revealed multiple epithelioid granulomas in the dermis and fat layer containing slender, pigmented fungal hyphae. The fungal culture showed the growth of violet floccose colonies. Lactophenol cotton blue culture stain demonstrated brush-like phialides, with a swollen basal part attached to chains of conidia. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA, alignment with GenBank, and use of a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis led to the identification of P. lilacinum. Treatment with oral voriconazole was successful.
Television Story Angle and the Involvement on Learners with Intellectual Disability in Inclusive Education in Kenya
Authors: Lidubwi Jackline , Bosire Julius , Mutua Joan 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to examine the influence of television story angle and the involvement on learners with intellectual disability in inclusive education in Kenya. The paper was guided by the framing theory.
Methodology: The study utilized the descriptive cross-sectional research design. A sample of 40 inclusive education schools, 16 Sub-County Education Officers, three television stations, 72 television programmes, three television producers and five key informants from the Kenya Association of the Intellectually Handicapped was drawn. Data was gathered through questionnaires, interview guides and code sheets. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data.
Findings: The study established that while television stations have aired stories about inclusive education, the content aired seemed to portray people with disabilities as objects of pity, curiosity, evil, laughable, and burdensome. These qualities were repugnant to inclusion of learners with disabilities in education and were therefore counterproductive to inclusive education.
Government Infrastructure Spending and Economic Growth in Kenya: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Approach
Authors: K. Matheka 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Since independence, the Government of Kenya has pursued many objectives, one being economic growth. Over the previous few many years, government expenditure has been developing faster than the GDP growth. Infrastructure, one of the components of public spending, has also experienced tremendous growth in government spending and development, which has not been directly reflected in the GDP growth rate. Following such situation, it calls for analyzing the impact that government infrastructure expenditure has on economic growth in Kenya with a focal point on three sectors beneath infrastructure that the public sector spends closely on; transport, energy and fuel, and Information Communication and Technology (ICT). The study's overall objective is to find out the effects of government spending on the three sampled sectors of government infrastructure on economic growth in Kenya and then draw policy implications from the findings. The specific objectives were; to investigate the effect of transport infrastructure expenditure on economic growth in Kenya, to examine the effect of energy & fuel infrastructure expenditure on economic growth in Kenya, and to examine the effect of ICT infrastructure expenditure on economic growth in Kenya. Further, Bounds F-test to cointegration as well as the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) were used to realize the objectives.
Methodology: The data was collected covered 1990 – 2020 for the three sectors of infrastructure: transport, energy & fuel, and ICT. Several tests on the time series data were carried out on the secondary data obtained, after which (ARDL) was employed in analysing the data.
Findings: The outcome showed that government expenditure on transport, energy, fuel, and ICT infrastructure sectors affected economic growth either in the short or the long run. Based on the ECM regression findings, the long-run regression outcome revealed that expenditure on energy and fuel promotes economic growth. On the contrast, the findings showed that government expenditure on transport and ICT sectors exhibited a negative effect on GDP growth rate. Public expenditure on transport and ICT infrastructure sectors positively impacted economic growth in the short term, while the energy and fuel sectors exhibited a negative impact on GDP. Other control variables inclusive of trade openness and FDI showed either a positive or negative effect on economic growth either in long or short run. Inflation, particularly, exhibited a negative effect on GDP in the long run, in addition to within the short run.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the empirical findings, this study validates the Keynesian theory which stipulates that public expenditure positively contributes to economic growth. Based on this theory, public expenditure is an exogenous factor capable of being applied as a policy instrument in promoting economic growth.
POSSÍVEIS FATORES DESENCADEANTES PARA O COMETIMENTO DO ATO INFRACIONAL
Authors: Siqueira da Silva Airton , Zanatta Cleia , Rossi Guatura da Silva Karine , Oliveira Souza Mônica Patrícia , Luiz de Santana Cláudio Manoel , Domingos Luiz Fábio 
Published: February 2023

Este artigo está baseado nos estudos de cognição social sobre o tema fatores que propiciam o cometimento do ato infracional por adolescentes em regime de privação de liberdade. O tema estabeleceu a seguinte questão norteadora: quais os possíveis fatores que favorecem o cometimento de ato infracional? Os autores interessam-se pelo tema, pois ao longo dos anos o ciclo de jovens atendidos pelo sistema socioeducativo vai se renovando, mesmo com todos os riscos envolvidos bem como privação de liberdade e morte, ainda assim este movimento de filiação às práticas ilegais é frequente, o que motivou os pesquisadores a estudarem o tema. O trabalho pretende ser relevante socialmente, para todos aqueles que se interessam pela reflexão de um problema que atinge a sociedade em geral. Os fundamentos teóricos deste artigo estão nos campos de conhecimento da cognição social, no que diz respeito à interação social do sujeito, na Psicologia do desenvolvimento sobre adolescência e na Psicologia da Educação e Social sobre ressocialização, com base nas normas legais. Metodologicamente trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que analisou artigos voltados para o tema, onde os autores refletem sobre fatores da inserção do adolescente nas práticas do ato infracional. Foi possível evidenciar que, ausência paterna, a violência sofrida no ambiente familiar e questões socioeconômicas, tendem a ser fatores ligados à inserção do adolescente em práticas ilegais.
MENINGATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION DI UPTD SDN DEMANGAN 2 BANGKALAN
Authors: Hodijah Siti 
Published: February 2023

Berdasar hasil pengamatan kepala sekolah kebanyakan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran secara tradisional atau pembelajaran yang berorientasi ada aktivitas guru, sedangkan siswa cenderung sebagai pencatat dan penghafal materi. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya inovasi penggunaan model belajar yang dapat melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalam pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran mind mapping, karena model pembelajaran mind mapping memungkinkan siswa untuk mengingat materi yang banyak dengan cara yang menyenangkan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “ Apakah supervise akademik dengan pendekatan Focus Group Discussion dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Mind Mapping ? “. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran mind mapping setelah dilakukan supervise akademik dengan pendekatan Focus Group Discussion di UPTD SDN Demangan 2, Kec. Bangkalan Kab. Bangkalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak tiga putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Sasaran penelitian ini atau yang menjadi subyek penelitian adalah 10 orang guru di UPTD SDN Deangan 2, Kec. Bangkalan Kabupaten Bangkalan Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan mind mapping ada peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus III baik dalam Menyusun RPP maupun dalam menerapkan kegiatan pembelajarannya. Perkembangan tersebut yakni, siklus I dalam penyusunan RPP 40% berhasil sedangkan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajarannya 30% berhasil , siklus II dalam RPP 60% berhasil dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran 70% berhasil, dan siklus III baik dalam penyusunan RPP maupun dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran mencapai keberhasilan 100%. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah “ Supervisi akademik dengan pendekatan Focus Group Discussion dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping di UPTD SDN Demangan 2, Kec. Bangkalan Kab. Bangkalan Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023, serta model pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar.
SIFILIS GESTACIONAL, DIFICULDADES E BARREIRAS NO DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO
Authors: Canuto Irandir Eugenia de Lima 
Published: February 2023

Introdução: a sífilis é uma doença crônica, milenar e infectocontagiosa, de transmissão predominantemente sexual, mas que pode ser transmitida por via placentária para o embrião ou feto em qualquer fase da gravidez. O diagnóstico para sífilis é de baixo custo e de fácil acesso, porém ainda é uma infecção de grave problema para a saúde pública. Objetivo: identificar os entraves que impedem o diagnostico e tratamento da sífilis gestacional e averiguar os fatores que contribuem para o aumento da sífilis na gestação. Método: consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura com recorte temporal de 5 anos. Os dados bibliográficos foram encontrados através de busca de artigos indexados na base Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), bases de dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Scientific Eletrônic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados/Discussão: foram inseridos 18 artigos para análise, cujo a predominância foi brasileira apresentando idioma de língua portuguesa. Os agravos que favorecem o aumento da sífilis na gestante estão relacionados a falta de acesso pleno aos serviços de saúde , a falta de solicitação de exame sorológico em tempo hábil para gestante durante o pré-natal e a forma de abordagem ou a não abordagem para avaliação e tratamento dos parceiros sexuais das gestantes com diagnóstico positivo. Conclusão: Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para que acadêmicos e profissionais da enfermagem aprimorem seus conhecimentos, ampliando os campos de discussão a respeito da temática abordada, e que contribua para a melhora da assistência oferecida na atenção à saúde da mulher. Palavras-chave: Gestantes; Sífilis; Pré-natal; Enfermeiro.
MORTALIDADE POR SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA
Authors: Maciel Débora Priscilla Araújo , Maciel Geovanna Araújo , Oliveira Júnior Aluildo De Moura , Dias Gabriel de Carvalho Carapiá , Morais Mauro José de Deus , Leitão Francisco Naildo Cardoso , Aguiar Katiuscia Larsem de Abreu , Amorim Renan Ferreira 
Published: February 2023

Introdução: A sífilis congênita ainda é causa de mortalidade perinatal. A infecção materna não tratada leva a resultados adversos na gravidez, incluindo perda fetal precoce, prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer e doença congênita entre recém-nascidos. Objetivo: Explorar a mortalidade por Sífilis Congênita durante o período de 2010 a 2022. Metodologia: Revisão Integrativa a partir Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Foi realizada a busca dos artigos nas bases de literatura mais pujantes, sejam: National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Web of Science, Lilacs e Periódicos Capes, através dos descritores Syphilis AND Congenital AND Mortality AND Sexually Transmitted Diseases, utilizando os critérios: (1) estudos que envolveram neonatos e gestantes; (2) estudos que teve como objeto de estudo sífilis congênita; (3) artigos que estudaram mortalidade, e; (4) artigos publicados nos últimos 12 anos. Resultados: Dos 1.395 artigos encontrados, 20 completaram os critérios rigorosos de inclusão. A falta da assistência ao pré-natal é o principal preditor de mortalidade por sífilis congênita, por ser o período em que é feito o rastreamento, diagnóstico e orientação que a gestante deve receber sobre o tratamento adequado, e as possíveis complicações da não adesão. Conclusão: A mortalidade por sífilis congênita em neonatos aumentou nos últimos anos, principalmente por falta de assistência pré-natal. Portanto cabe aos gestores de saúde definir a sífilis como prioridade nas políticas públicas, conscientizando as gestantes quanto a importância do acompanhamento pré-natal para reduzir as taxas de mortalidade por sífilis congênita.
Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography for tacrolimus therapy response monitoring of vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Eltagoury Mahmoud , Abou Samra Waleed , Ghoneim Ehab 
Published: February 2023

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), a chronic bilateral eye disease, is a severe form of allergic conjunctivitis. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a rapid, noninvasive, in vivo visualization modality for the anterior segment structures that has been used in diagnosing and staging diseases and assessing the treatment efficacy. We used anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to monitor the efficacy of the tacrolimus eye ointment in managing VKC.
Methods: In this prospective follow-up study, we included patients with active symptomatic VKC. All patients were treated with the 0.03% tacrolimus ophthalmic ointment twice daily for 2 months and then once daily for 1 month. All patients underwent AS-OCT before and 3 months after treatment as an objective method to assess the treatment efficacy.
Results: We included 20 eyes of ten patients (nine men and one woman) with active symptomatic VKC. The mean age was 17.3 (range: 11 – 36) years, with nine patients having a palpebral type and one patient having a mixed type of VKC. Substantial flattening and reduction in the papilla size were observed in all patients at the post-treatment follow-up. AS-OCT measurements revealed significant reductions in the vertical, horizontal, and total diameters of the palpebral papillae and limbal conjunctival thickness after 3 months of treatment compared to baseline measurements (all P < 0.001). No serious adverse effects attributable to tacrolimus administration were observed in the study period.
Conclusions: AS-OCT is a suitable objective method for evaluating the treatment efficacy of the 0.03% tacrolimus eye ointment in patients with VKC. Future large-scale studies including a wide range of age groups with longer follow-up periods and AS-OCT monitoring at multiple post-treatment visits are required to confirm our preliminary results. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of AS-OCT in monitoring patients with active VKC should be tested in comparison with objective scoring by an experienced corneal fellowship.