bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Neonatal Jaundice and its Associated Risk Factors In Babies Born At Westend Hospital In Harare, Zimbabwe.
Authors: Kahiya Chiwoniso Mitchelle , Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul Razak , Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou 
Published: January 2025

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of neonatal jaundice in babies born at Westend Hospital in Zimbabwe between January and December 2021. Methods: This was an analytical cross sectional study where secondary data were analyzed in a retrospective manner. The study was carried out at Westend Hospital in Harare in year 2021. Out of 1172 babies delivered only 611 babies were qualified and included in this study, we excluded all the other maternity and babies on medication except those on Nevirapine Case notes of babies admitted from January 2021 to December 2021 were retrieved through information on bio data. Using convenient sampling, 611 babies were suitable for this study, we assessed their demographic, clinical outcome and laboratory data .Descriptive statistics was used in addition. Maternal and fetal risk factors were assessed using Chi square test P< 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: This study showed that 281 babies presented with neonatal jaundice resulting in 45.99% prevalence rate. Chi square test found significant relationships between the predisposing risk factors and neonatal jaundice. Significant risk factors for neonatal jaundice were birth weight (p=<0.0001), prematurity (p=<0.001), neonatal gender (p=0.028), blood group incompatibility (p=<0.001) and low birth weight (p=0.044). Conclusions: The prevalence of neonatal jaundice was found to be high and risk factors were predominantly demographic, maternal and neonatal.
What policies are needed to counter the commercial determinants of health?
Authors: Schuftan Claudio , Carriedo Angela 
Published: January 2025

This commentary aims to bring up to the attention of the reader the relevance and key role of activists in countering the commercial determinants of health. We suggest some strategies and key activities for activists. We also highlight the multiple challenges activists will (and have) undoubtedly face(d). We integrate a few examples pertaining to these points to exemplify what we mean here and why we are being harsh in the language we use and/or the actions we propose. There are multiple experiences hinting the way on how activists encompassing several fields ought to be going ahead.
Factores determinantes de los conocimientos de prevención y transmisión de VIH/SIDA en mujeres de 15 a 49 años. Un análisis de tendencias basado en la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud de Bangladesh
Authors: Ripon  Rezaul Karim 
Published: January 2025

Antecedentes: El número de casos de VIH/SIDA aumenta día a día. Ha aumentado más de un 300% en los últimos siete años (de 1,207 casos en 2007 a 3,674 en 2014). Nuestro estudio está relacionado con la prevención y la transmisión del VIH/sida y tuvo como objetivo ponderar los factores en juego en torno a la prevención del VIH / SIDA y el conocimiento sobre su transmisión entre mujeres en edad reproductiva de Bangladesh de 2007 a 2014. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio comparativo transversal retrospectivo basado en datos secundarios de la BDHS sobre conocimientos de la transmisión del VIH/SIDA y métodos de prevención. En el estudio se incluyó a un total de 46,608 individuos no ponderados, mujeres alguna vez casadas (15-49 años). Se utilizó una regresión logística multinomial para examinar el efecto de las variables explicativas sobre el conocimiento de la transmisión y prevención del VIH. Resultados: La prevalencia de conocimientos sobre los métodos de prevención y transmisión del VIH/SIDA mostró una tendencia de aumento significativo, pero se observó que los conocimientos sobre los métodos de prevención del VIH/SIDA eran inferiores a los conocimientos sobre la transmisión. La diferencia media de los conocimientos sobre la transmisión del VIH/SIDA fue del 62% [(95% del IC: 60%-64%), valor de p < 0.001], mientras que la diferencia media de los conocimientos sobre los métodos de prevención del VIH/SIDA fue del 50% [(95% del IC: 37%-63%), valor de p 0.004]. Para 2007, el índice de riqueza, la región, la educación superior y el tipo de residencia; para 2011, el índice de riqueza, la educación superior y el tipo de residencia; y para 2014, la edad, el estado civil, el índice de riqueza y la educación superior, respectivamente, mostraron tener asociaciones significativas con el nivel de conocimiento sobre la transmisión y prevención del VIH/SIDA. Así, las variables educación superior e índice de riqueza resultaron significativas para todo el periodo 2007-2014.

Conclusiones: Los conocimientos sobre la prevención y la transmisión del VIH/SIDA (nivel medio y alto) aumentaron. En la región de Khulna, el nivel de conocimientos era bajo. Y en nuestro estudio, otro hallazgo significativo fue la importancia de la educación. Para aumentar los conocimientos, los responsables políticos deberían organizar programas de educación sanitaria relacionados con el VIH/SIDA prestando especial atención a la región y al nivel educativo de la población.
Moving human rights beyond capitalism
Authors: Schuftan Claudio , Waitzkin Howard 
Published: January 2025

What do human rights mean when those who hold power and wealth throughout the world actually treat many of those beneath them as not fully human? The categorization of peoples as non-human, subhuman, or not fully human has appeared throughout human history. But this categorization has flourished especially since what has been called the “rosy dawn” of capitalism. Rooted in European capitalism, racism, imperialism, colonialism, neocolonialism, and patriarchy, the elites of capitalism have enslaved millions of people, mainly from Africa, and have exterminated millions more through genocide that wiped out indigenous populations, especially in the Americas and Asia. Slavery and genocide also have occurred within some imperialist countries of Europe, as fascist elites have used racist categorizations within their own realms. Racist ideas have justified these and other unacceptable conditions imposed on human beings considered less than human, while those not really human beings have generated immense wealth for elites intent to accumulate capital.
Hospitals, health and death in Gaza
Authors: Arana-Cedeño Marcos 
Published: January 2025

Human rights violations harm dignity and inflict suffering by causing loss of health and/or life. Thus, illness and death are the most tangible and irrefutable evidence of the commission of these crimes. The mounting death and injury toll from Israel's siege of Gaza, as well as its relentness and indiscriminate shelling against civilian population is part of a cruel and unjustified collective punishment of Palestinians. Any honest health worker could use the figures of civilian deaths and injuries caused by the Israeli army every day, to count on enough arguments to refute the lukewarmness and ambiguity with which the spokespersons of several country governments and international organizations hesitate to demand a ceasefire and to denounce this massacre as a crime against humanity or a genocide.
Predictors of premenstrual syndrome: outcome of a focus group discussion among late adolescent girls-A mixed method approach
Authors: Nayak Sabitha , Jose Ancy , Rajesh Aparna , Kamath Neetha , M. Nalini 
Published: January 2025

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterised by the cyclic occurrence of physical, psychological and behavioural symptoms during the menstrual cycle. It is evident from the literature that PMS is a common problem in all over the globe as majority (77.5%) of women believe it has a significant impact on their lives. This study aimed to determine the incidence, intensity and factors influencing PMS among adolescent girls. A mixed method approach was adopted with descriptive design for assessing the incidence and intensity (Quantitative) and FGD for determining the factors influencing PMS (Qualitative). The sample comprised of 100 students from a private college of Nursing under (xxxx) who fulfilled the selection criteria and selected by random sampling. By using Standardized Stainer and Wilkin’s PMS diagnostic criteria tool the incidence and intensity of PMS was assessed and 10 volunteer students with criteria >10 (moderate and severe) were for FGD. The results revealed that 86% of the participants were having PMS. Twenty-four percentage reported mild symptoms, where as 54% and 8 % had moderate and severe PMS respectively. Thematic analysis revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are influencing PMS. As conclusion, it is proved that PMS is found to be an important health issue influenced by lifestyle factors (The highest number of codes found in thematic analysis) among adolescent girls and surging day by day with intensity. Its an urgent need of motivating them continuously with an educational program regarding the factors of PMS and its after effects.
Factors Influencing the Well-being of Nurses in Selected Oncology Departments of Tertiary Hospitals in Kerala, India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: M. Nalini , Jose K. Don , D’Silva Fatima , Bhat U. Shrinivasa , Reghunath Rajee , Cyriac Sunu 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The well-being of nurses in the field of oncology is paramount, both for the individuals themselves, also for the healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to comprehend and investigate nurses' experiences in the field of oncology, to understand the factors influencing their well-being. Methods. Between January 1, 2023, and April 5, 2023, a descriptive qualitative design was employed to gather data from individual in-depth interviews with eleven nurses working in the oncology department of a tertiary care hospital in Central Kerala, South India. Participants were selected and recruited based on inclusion criteria and purposive sampling techniques. A semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interview was conducted to obtain the data. Codes were identified, patterns analyzed, and themes were recorded using the Colaizzi approach, steps of thematic analysis. Results. The mean experience of the participants in the oncology department was 6.2 years and all were females. Two main themes that emerged from the analysis were Roadblocks to well-being and Concerns with satisfaction. Additionally, four sub-themes under the first theme and six under the second were identified, providing a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by these nurses. Conclusion.The study's nurses battled occupational stress as well as physical and psychological issues, which can even reduce their quality of life. The results of this investigation provide valuable primary data for developing bio-psycho-social skill interventions for health professionals’ well-being in the oncology department.
Efficacy of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction [MBSR] on Academic Test Anxiety and Self-confidence among Indian Undergraduates
Authors: Thomas Timi , Kamath Neetha , Joseph Gincy 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The time of examination and evaluation is a stressful period where anxiety is at its highest levels. To some extent, a low level of stress can help motivate the students; however, more stress can be discouraging. It will make students exhausted, overwhelmed, and confused. High self-esteem promotes physical health and enhances coping with threat; on the other hand, low self-esteem is associated with mental health difficulties like anxiety, depression, and personality disorder. Hence, the present study focuses on assessing the academic test anxiety and self-confidence and finding out the efficacy of practicing mindfulness meditation to relieve test anxiety, thereby improving the self-confidence and self-esteem in their life. Objectives. Determine the pre-interventional academic test anxiety and self-confidence among undergraduates in experimental and control groups and determine the effectiveness of MBSR on academic test anxiety and self-confidence.
Reseña de actividades de Derecho Constitucional, Autonómico y Parlamentario. (1 enero de 2012 a 1 de enero de 2014)
Authors: Rebato Peño María Elena 
Published: January 2025

SUMARIO 2012:
1. Actividades sobre derechos fundamentales.1.1. XVII Jornadas de derecho constitucional: “El derecho de reunión y manifestación”, Ciudad Real, 29 y 30 de noviembre de 2012.2. Actividades relacionadas con el sistema autonómico.2.1. XXII Seminario de estudios autonómicos: “El Estado Autonómico en tiempos de crisis”. Toledo, 22 y 23 de marzo de 2012.2.2. Mesa redonda: “La reforma electoral en Castilla-La Mancha”. Toledo, 8 de mayo de 2012.3. Actividades en materia de justicia constitucional.3.1. XIII Jornadas de justicia constitucional: “La legitimidad del Tribunal Constitucional”. Toledo, 22 y 23 de noviembre de 20124. Actividades relacionadas con el constitucionalismo histórico.4.1. Curso de verano: “Los orígenes del constitucionalismo español: la Constitución de 1812”. Cuenca 20 y 21 de junio.4.2. Presentación del libro: “La Constitución de 1812 y su difusión en Iberoamérica”. Toledo, 10 de diciembre de 2012

SUMARIO 2013:
1. Actividades sobre derechos fundamentales.1.1. XVIII Jornadas de derecho constitucional: “el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva”, Ciudad Real, 28 y 29 de noviembre de 2013.2. Actividades relacionadas con el sistema autonómico.2.1. XVII Seminario de estudios autonómicos:“del Estado Autonómico en tiempos de crisis a la crisis del Estado Autonómico”. Toledo, 18 y 19 de abril de 2013.2.2. XVI Jornadas sobre el sistema autonómico de Castilla-La Mancha: “Parlamento, participación política y medios de comunicación social”. Cuenca, 25 y 26 de abril de 2013.3. Actividades en materia de justicia constitucional.3.1. Mesa redonda: “democracia y modelos constitucionales en los países del este”. Toledo, 27 de mayo 2013.3.2. I Edición título de especialista en justicia constitucional, interpretación y aplicación de la constitución. Toledo, 8 a 26 de julio de 2013.3.3. XIV Jornadas de justicia constitucional: “Tribunal Constitucional y poderes del estado”. Toledo, 21 y 22 de noviembre.
Legislación de las Comunidades Autónomas (de 1 de octubre de 1999 a 30 de septiembre 2000)
Authors: Vidal Marín Tomás 
Published: January 2025

La presente reseña legislativa se ha elaborado a partir de los Boletines Oficiales del Estado y de los Boletines Oficiales de las Comunidades Autónomas comprendidos entre el 1 de octubre de 1999 y el 30 de septiembre de 2000.
SUMARIO:
1. Andalucía2. Aragón3. Asturias4. Canarias5. Cantabria6. Castilla y León7. Castilla-La Mancha8. Cataluña9. Comunidad Valenciana10. Extremadura11. Galicia12. Islas Baleares13. Madrid14. Murcia15. Navarra16. País Vasco17. La Rioja
Evaluating Oncology Drug Shortages: Strengthening Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Supply Chain Vulnerabilities in the United States
Authors: Adeyemo Kolade Seun , Bunmi Kutelu Aderemi 
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study seeks to identify the root causes of these shortages and evaluate the fragilities within the oncology supply chain that obstruct efforts to enhance drug availability. The United States is experiencing significant drug shortages that critically impact patient care, especially for oncology patients.
Study Design: We utilized publicly accessible cross-sectional data on drug shortages documented by the US Food and Drug Administration between 2023 and 2024.
Methodology: Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlational analysis were employed to examine drug availability and its associations across multiple influencing factors. These variables are the rationale behind shortages, current status, updates, and therapeutic classifications.
Results: The most common reason for drug shortages is increased demand (12.1%), followed by a shortage of an active ingredient. While the proportion of drugs impacted by shortages is higher in non-oncology therapies, the estimated proportion of shortage remains significant in oncology medication (9.2%, p<0.001)
The descriptive statistics indicate that complying with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) led to 92.3% of cases being unavailable. The shortage of an API contributed to 54.4% limited availability/supply and 39.2% unavailability. The oncology drugs are less likely to be with reported shortage causes. However, there is a moderate correlation to unresolved statuses(r = 0.358, p<0.001), as seen in the bivariate correlation.
Conclusion: The persistent unavailability and limited supply of certain drug products underscore the systemic inefficiencies in the supply chain that necessitate targeted interventions. While oncology drugs comprise a smaller fraction of the overall drug shortages, their availability is crucial for promoting pharmaceutical care in cancer therapies. Shortage of active pharmaceutical ingredients and non-adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices significantly exacerbate the issue of drug unavailability. These demonstrated supply chain challenges persist, specifically for oncology therapies. Domesticated API productions and advanced technologies for routine inspection are potential strategies for overcoming the unavailability of oncology therapies.
Managing Organizational Climate for Improved Employees’ Performance in Selected Manufacturing Companies in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ideh Dumebi Anthony , Akinwale Akeem Ayofe , Okeke Samuel Chidiebere 
Published: January 2025

Achieving sustainable employee performance improvement has remained a significant challenge in many contemporary organizations despite recognizing the implications of improved employee performance for organizational effectiveness. Therefore, this study examined how organizational climate can be managed to enhance employees' performance, focusing on how each of the four dimensions of organizational climate (rewards management, management styles, organizational policies, and training and development) affect employees’ performance. A survey research design was used in the study. The study population comprised 593 employees, from whom 238 were purposively selected as respondents, and 238 copies of a structured questionnaire were administered to the participants. Of the number of copies administered of the questionnaire, 202 were returned and used for data analysis as they were correctly filled out. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics: frequency distribution and regression. The hypotheses were tested with multiple regression, and the findings revealed that rewards management and management styles significantly influenced employees’ performance. The study concluded that effective management of organizational climates, such as rewards management and management styles, improved employee performance. Thus, manufacturing companies should pay adequate attention to organizational climate to encourage improved employee performance.
International Perspectives on Modifications to the Surgical Safety Checklist
Authors: Turley Nathan , Elam Meagan , Brindle Mary E. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceModification of the World Health Organization’s Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) is a critical component of its implementation. To facilitate the SSC’s use, it is important to know how surgical teams modify their SSCs, their reasons for making modifications, and the opportunities and challenges teams face in SSC tailoring.ObjectiveTo study SSC modifications in high-income hospital settings in 5 countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study used semistructured interviews based on the survey used in the quantitative study. Each interviewee was asked a core set of questions and various follow-up questions based on their survey responses. Interviews were conducted from July 2019 to February 2020 in person and online using teleconferencing software. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and hospital administrators from the 5 countries were recruited through a survey and snowball sampling.Main Outcomes and MeasuresInterviewees’ attitudes and perceptions on SSC modifications and their perceived impact on operating rooms.ResultsA total of 51 surgical team members and hospital administrators from the 5 countries were interviewed (37 [75%] with &amp;gt;10 years of service; 28 [55%] women). There were 15 (29%) surgeons, 13 (26%) nurses, 15 (29%) anesthesiologists, and 8 (16%) health administrators. Five themes emerged concerning the awareness and involvement in SSC modifications; reasons for modifications; types of modifications; the outcomes of modifications; and perceived barriers to SSC modifications. Based on the interviews, some SSCs may go many years without being revisited or modified. SSCs are modified to ensure they address local issues and standards of practice and that they are fit for purpose. Modifications are also made following adverse events to reduce the risk of reoccurrence. Interviewees described adding, moving, and removing elements from their SSCs, which increased their sense of ownership in their SSC and participation in its performance. Some barriers to modification included leadership and the SSC’s inclusion in hospitals’ electronic medical record.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study of surgical team members and administrators, interviewees described addressing contemporary surgical issues through various SSC modifications. The process of SSC modification may improve team cohesion and buy-in in addition to providing opportunities for teams to improve patient safety.
Automatic Surgical Skill Assessment System Based on Concordance of Standardized Surgical Field Development Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Igaki Takahiro , Kitaguchi Daichi , Matsuzaki Hiroki , Nakajima Kei , Kojima Shigehiro , Hasegawa Hiro , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Kinugasa Yusuke , Ito Masaaki 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceAutomatic surgical skill assessment with artificial intelligence (AI) is more objective than manual video review–based skill assessment and can reduce human burden. Standardization of surgical field development is an important aspect of this skill assessment.ObjectiveTo develop a deep learning model that can recognize the standardized surgical fields in laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection and to evaluate the feasibility of automatic surgical skill assessment based on the concordance of the standardized surgical field development using the proposed deep learning model.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective diagnostic study used intraoperative videos of laparoscopic colorectal surgery submitted to the Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery between August 2016 and November 2017. Data were analyzed from April 2020 to September 2022.InterventionsVideos of surgery performed by expert surgeons with Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System (ESSQS) scores higher than 75 were used to construct a deep learning model able to recognize a standardized surgical field and output its similarity to standardized surgical field development as an AI confidence score (AICS). Other videos were extracted as the validation set.Main Outcomes and MeasuresVideos with scores less than or greater than 2 SDs from the mean were defined as the low- and high-score groups, respectively. The correlation between AICS and ESSQS score and the screening performance using AICS for low- and high-score groups were analyzed.ResultsThe sample included 650 intraoperative videos, 60 of which were used for model construction and 60 for validation. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the AICS and ESSQS score was 0.81. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the screening of the low- and high-score groups were plotted, and the areas under the ROC curve for the low- and high-score group screening were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThe AICS from the developed model strongly correlated with the ESSQS score, demonstrating the model’s feasibility for use as a method of automatic surgical skill assessment. The findings also suggest the feasibility of the proposed model for creating an automated screening system for surgical skills and its potential application to other types of endoscopic procedures.