bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Clinical Outcomes and Cost-effectiveness Associated With Provision of Addiction Treatment in US Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Jawa Raagini , Tin Yjuliana , Nall Samantha , Calcaterra Susan L. , Savinkina Alexandra , Marks Laura R. , Kimmel Simeon D. , Linas Benjamin P. , Barocas Joshua A. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceUS primary care practitioners (PCPs) are the largest clinical workforce, but few provide addiction care. Primary care is a practical place to expand addiction services, including buprenorphine and harm reduction kits, yet the clinical outcomes and health care sector costs are unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the long-term clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of integrated buprenorphine and harm reduction kits in primary care for people who inject opioids.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this modeling study, the Reducing Infections Related to Drug Use Cost-Effectiveness (REDUCE) microsimulation model, which tracks serious injection-related infections, overdose, hospitalization, and death, was used to examine the following treatment strategies: (1) PCP services with external referral to addiction care (status quo), (2) PCP services plus onsite buprenorphine prescribing with referral to offsite harm reduction kits (BUP), and (3) PCP services plus onsite buprenorphine prescribing and harm reduction kits (BUP plus HR). Model inputs were derived from clinical trials and observational cohorts, and costs were discounted annually at 3%. The cost-effectiveness was evaluated over a lifetime from the modified health care sector perspective, and sensitivity analyses were performed to address uncertainty. Model simulation began January 1, 2021, and ran for the entire lifetime of the cohort.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLife-years (LYs), hospitalizations, mortality from sequelae (overdose, severe skin and soft tissue infections, and endocarditis), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).ResultsThe simulated cohort included 2.25 million people and reflected the age and gender of US persons who inject opioids. Status quo resulted in 6.56 discounted LYs at a discounted cost of $203 500 per person (95% credible interval, $203 000-$222 000). Each strategy extended discounted life expectancy: BUP by 0.16 years and BUP plus HR by 0.17 years. Compared with status quo, BUP plus HR reduced sequelae-related mortality by 33%. The mean discounted lifetime cost per person of BUP and BUP plus HR were more than that of the status quo strategy. The dominating strategy was BUP plus HR. Compared with status quo, BUP plus HR was cost-effective (ICER, $34 400 per LY). During a 5-year time horizon, BUP plus HR cost an individual PCP practice approximately $13 000.Conclusions and RelevanceThis modeling study of integrated addiction service in primary care found improved clinical outcomes and modestly increased costs. The integration of addiction service into primary care practices should be a health care system priority.
Disruption of National Cancer Database Data Models in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lum Sharon S. , Browner Amanda E. , Palis Bryan , Nelson Heidi , Boffa Daniel , Nogueira Leticia M. , Hawhee Vicki , McCabe Ryan M. , Mullett Timothy , Wick Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceEach year, the National Cancer Database (NCDB) collects and analyzes data used in reports to support research, quality measures, and Commission on Cancer program accreditation. Because data models used to generate these reports have been historically stable, year-to-year variances have been attributed to changes within the cancer program rather than data modeling. Cancer submissions in 2020 were anticipated to be significantly different from prior years because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study involved a validation analysis of the variances in observed to expected 2020 NCDB cancer data in comparison with 2019 and 2018.ObservationsThe NCDB captured a total of 1 223 221 overall cancer cases in 2020, a decrease of 14.4% (Δ = −206 099) compared with 2019. The early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-May 2020) coincided with a nadir of cancer cases in April 2020 that did not recover to overall prepandemic levels through the remainder of 2020. In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of early-stage disease decreased sharply overall, while the proportion of late-stage disease increased. However, differences in observed to expected stage distribution in 2020 varied by primary disease site. Statistically significant differences in the overall observed to expected proportions of race and ethnicity, sex, insurance type, geographic location, education, and income were identified, but consistent patterns were not evident.Conclusions and RelevanceHistorically stable NCDB data models used for research, administrative, and quality improvement purposes were disrupted during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. NCDB data users will need to carefully interpret disease- and program-specific findings for years to come to account for pandemic year aberrations when running models that include 2020.
Aggregation of Leslie matrix models with application to ten diverse animal species
Authors: Hinrichsen Richard A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSome grouping is necessary when constructing a Leslie matrix model because it involves discretizing a continuous process of births and deaths. The level of grouping is determined by the number of age classes and frequency of sampling. It is largely unknown what is lost or gained by using fewer age classes, and I address this question using aggregation theory. I derive an aggregator for a Leslie matrix model using weighted least squares, determine what properties an aggregated matrix inherits from the original matrix, evaluate aggregation error, and measure the influence of aggregation on asymptotic and transient behaviors. To gauge transient dynamics, I employ reactivity of the standardized Leslie matrix. I apply the aggregator to 10 Leslie models developed for animal populations drawn from a diverse set of species. Several properties are inherited by the aggregated matrix: (a) it is a Leslie matrix; (b) it is irreducible whenever the original matrix is irreducible; (c) it is primitive whenever the original matrix is primitive; and (d) its stable population growth rate and stable age distribution are consistent with those of the original matrix if the least squares weights are equal to the original stable age distribution. In the application, depending on the population modeled, when the least squares weights do not follow the stable age distribution, the stable population growth rate of the aggregated matrix may or may not be approximately consistent with that of the original matrix. Transient behavior is lost with high aggregation.
Polarization Switching and Correlated Phase Transitions in Fluorite‐Structure ZrO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Xinyan , Zhong Hai , Lin Ting , Meng Fanqi , Gao Ang , Liu Zhuohui , Su Dong , Jin Kuijuan , Ge Chen , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnconventional ferroelectricity in fluorite‐structure oxides enables tremendous opportunities in nanoelectronics owing to their superior scalability and silicon compatibility. However, their polarization order and switching process remain elusive due to the challenges of visualizing oxygen ions in nanocrystalline films. In this work, the oxygen shifting during polarization switching and correlated polar–nonpolar phase transitions are directly captured among multiple metastable phases in freestanding ZrO2 thin films by low‐dose integrated differential phase‐contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC‐STEM). Bidirectional transitions between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric orders and interfacial polarization relaxation are clarified at unit‐cell scale. Meanwhile, polarization switching is strongly correlated with Zr–O displacement in reversible martensitic transformation between monoclinic and orthorhombic phases and two‐step tetrahedral‐to‐orthorhombic phase transition. These findings provide atomic insights into the transition pathways between metastable polymorphs and unravel the evolution of polarization orders in (anti)ferroelectric fluorite oxides.
High‐Throughput Area‐Selective Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition of SiO2 with Interleaved Small Molecule Inhibitors and Integrated Back‐Etch Correction for Low Defectivity
Authors: Karasulu Bora , Roozeboom Fred , Mameli Alfredo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA first‐of‐its‐kind area‐selective deposition process for SiO2 is developed consisting of film deposition with interleaved exposures to small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) and back‐etch correction steps, within the same spatial atomic layer deposition (ALD) tool. The synergy of these aspects results in selective SiO2 deposition up to ~23 nm with high selectivity and throughput, with SiO2 growth area and ZnO nongrowth area. The selectivity is corroborated by both X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low‐energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS). The selectivity conferred by two different SMIs, ethylbutyric acid, and pivalic acid has been compared experimentally and theoretically. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal that selective surface functionalization using both SMIs is predominantly controlled thermodynamically, while the better selectivity achieved when using trimethylacetic acid can be explained by its higher packing density compared to ethylbutyric acid. By employing the trimethylacetic acid as SMI on other starting surfaces (Ta2O5, ZrO2, etc.) and probing the selectivity, a broader use of carboxylic acid inhibitors for different substrates is demonstrated. It is believed that the current results highlight the subtleties in SMI properties such as size, geometry, and packing, as well as interleaved back‐etch steps, which are key in developing ever more effective strategies for highly selective deposition processes.
Guided, motor, and mental imagery adjuncts to teaching central venous access
Authors: Cryder Sydney , Jensen Stephen , McCarthy Joseph , Whitworth Kristen , Kennelley Gabrielle E. , Nowak Andrew S. , Hysell Matthew K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMental, motor, and guided imagery techniques are commonly used in sports psychology, but less often in medical education. Utilization of imagery‐based techniques (IBTs) in combination with traditional teaching methods may provide a low‐cost, innovative approach to improving outcomes in graduate medical education.ObjectiveThe objective was to assess whether medical students demonstrate greater proficiency in the ability to obtain central venous access in simulation trainers following exposure to guided, mental, and motor imagery teaching methods in comparison to traditional methods.MethodsVolunteer fourth‐year medical students during their emergency medicine rotation were randomly assigned to two groups, traditional plus imagery teaching or traditional teaching alone. The control group watched a video tutorial on central line placement methods. The study group watched the same video with the addition of imagery components. Participants filled out survey questions before and after the video and again after line placement. Proctors blinded to student group assignments then observed student placement of an internal jugular triple‐lumen catheter on a simulation trainer and completed a standardized performance rubric.ResultsSixty medical students participated. Two were excluded for having performed five or more lines either clinically or in a previous simulation. There was no difference in self‐perceived competence in line placement prior to watching the video or in the number of lines previously performed between groups. The imagery group (n = 25) averaged 1.3 errors/need for intervention compared to 2.2 errors/need for intervention in the control group (n = 33; p = 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02 to 1.61). Time to place the line was similar—8.9 min for the control group versus 8.6 min for the imagery group (p = 0.74, 95% CI −1.39 to 1.95).ConclusionsThe use of IBTs may be a promising adjunct to traditional medical teaching of procedures in emergency medicine.
Supramolecular Copolymers Under Kinetic, Thermodynamic, or Pathway‐Switching Control
Authors: Chen Yan , Shi Yusheng , Gao Zhanming , Wang Lei , Tang Yutian , Liu Jinxuan , Liu Chun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSupramolecular copolymers have attracted much attention due to their potential functionalities. However, the co‐assembly strategies to construct co‐assemblies of small molecules with well‐defined sequence structures are still limited, especially for more complex crystalline block co‐assemblies. Herein, we target this challenge by designing IrIII complexes 1 and 2, which possess unique self‐assembly pathways and are capable of forming crystalline assemblies in aqueous systems. Specifically, block and random co‐assemblies of 1 and 2 can be synthesized by kinetic and thermodynamic control, respectively. Meanwhile, by adjusting the water content to orthogonalize the on‐pathway and the off‐pathway, an unprecedented pathway‐switching approach is realized to synthesize block and random co‐assemblies. By coupling the kinetic pathways, the present co‐assembly strategies are expected to pave the way for the synthesis of crystalline co‐assemblies of small molecules and the construction of organic heterostructures.
Catalytic conversion of methane into benzene over ceria–zirconia‐promoted molybdenum‐supported zeolite for methane dehydroaromatization
Authors: Mishra Deepti , Modak Arindam , Pant Kamal Kishore , Ambeth Prabhakaran Vanaraja , Konarova Muxina , Zhao Xiu Song 
Published: April 2023

The promotional effect of mixed ceria–zirconia oxides (CZO) over the Mo/HZSM‐5 catalyst for methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) reaction was studied. The surface and structural properties of the synthesized catalyst were thoroughly exemplified using various microscopic and spectroscopic tools, and the correlation between catalytic properties and its performance for MDA reaction is discussed. The impregnation of CZO solid solution on Mo/HZSM‐5 was monitored to give an excellent catalytic performance and improved benzene production rate (4.5 μmol/gcat.s) related to the conventionally prepared Mo/HZSM‐5 (3.1 μmol/gcat.s) catalyst. In addition, a significant reduction in coke formation was examined in the CZO‐modified Mo/HZSM‐5 catalyst. The prevailing comprehension for higher catalytic activity could be because of the redox properties of CZO‐deposited Mo/HZSM‐5, which acts as a selective oxygen supplier and performs hydrogen combustion during the reaction, which is indirectly probed by residual gas analysis‐mass spectroscopy, oxygen‐temperature programmed desorption, and hydrogen‐temperature programmed reduction analysis. The selective hydrogen combustion prevents the over‐oxidation of aromatic species formed during the reaction, whereas the generated steam helps in reducing the coke content deposition in the MDA reaction. Thus, the advantage of CZO‐incorporated Mo/HZSM‐5 is manifested as it promotes the reaction equilibrium to shift towards the formation of benzene which is favourable for MDA reaction.
A Digital Blueprint for 3D‐Printing Lab Scale Aqueous and Organic Redox‐Flow Batteries
Authors: Kortekaas Luuk , Fricke Sebastian , Korshunov Aleksandr , Winter Martin , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora , Grünebaum Mariano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs 3D‐printing is becoming increasingly accessible, its application towards more sustainable and flexible design strategies for chemical processes also grows substantially. Redox‐flow batteries (RFBs) are recognized as one of the possible next generation energy storage solutions, owing to the inherent decoupling of power and energy, yet the capital costs involved produce a high barrier to enter the field. Here, we demonstrate a full digital blueprint for printing one's own RFB, that can enable more (organic chemistry) contributions to the field. At the time of writing, the combined costs of only the RFB cell total around 60 €, which is less than commercially available RFB cells by a great margin. The cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and potentiostatic cycling experiments exemplified by the K4[FeII(CN)6]|K3[FeIII(CN)6] redox‐pair for aqueous, and ferrocene|ferrocenium for organic electrolytes, validate the stability of the technical lab‐scale design and provides benchmark values for reproduction.
CEO's marketing experience and firm green innovation
Authors: Huang Hao , Chang Yaping , Zhang Liyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDrawing on upper echelons theory (UET), we examine whether and how chief executive office (CEO) marketing experience affects firm green innovation. Using a sample of Chinese‐listed manufacturing firms from 2008–2020 and hand‐collected data on CEO marketing experience, we find a positive relationship between CEOs' marketing experience and corporate green innovation. The positive relationship is robust after a series of robustness tests. Our further investigations reveal that the positive relationship is more pronounced when firms face higher‐level media coverage and stricter local environmental regulations. In addition, using textual analysis, we also find that market‐oriented culture plays a critical mediating role in this positive relationship. These findings enrich the relevant literature on strategic leadership and green innovation and are essential for companies and policymakers in developing green innovation strategies.
Real‐time tracking of fibrinolysis under constant wall shear and various pulsatile flows in an in‐vitro thrombolysis model
Authors: Zeng Ziqian , Christodoulides Alexei , Alves Nathan J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA great need exists for the development of a more representative in‐vitro model to efficiently screen novel thrombolytic therapies. We herein report the design, validation, and characterization of a highly reproducible, physiological scale, flowing clot lysis platform with real‐time fibrinolysis monitoring to screen thrombolytic drugs utilizing a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled clot analog. Using this Real‐Time Fluorometric Flowing Fibrinolysis assay (RT‐FluFF assay), a tPa‐dependent degree of thrombolysis was observed both via clot mass loss as well as fluorometrically monitored release of FITC‐labeled fibrin degradation products. Percent clot mass loss ranged from 33.6% to 85.9% with fluorescence release rates of 0.53 to 1.17 RFU/min in 40 and 1000 ng/mL tPa conditions, respectively. The platform is easily adapted to produce pulsatile flows. Hemodynamics of human main pulmonary artery were mimicked through matching dimensionless flow parameters calculated using clinical data. Increasing pressure amplitude range (4–40 mmHg) results in a 20% increase of fibrinolysis at 1000 ng/mL tPA. Increasing shear flow rate (205–913 s−1) significantly increases fibrinolysis and mechanical digestion. These findings suggest pulsatile level affects thrombolytic drug activities and the proposed in‐vitro clot model offers a versatile testing platform for thrombolytic drug screening.
Azide‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazolium Salts as Useful Synthetic Synthons: Access to Triazenyl Radicals and Staudinger Type Reactivity
Authors: Stein Felix , Suhr Simon , Singha Hazari Arijit , Walter Robert , Nößler Maite , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMesoionic carbenes (MIC) are a popular class of compound that are heavily investigated at the moment. The access to cationic MICs, and the ability of MICs to stabilize radicals are two highly attractive fields that have hardly been explored until now. Here the synthesis and characterisation of three different cationic azide‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazolium salts, used as building blocks for studying their reactivity towards triphenylphosphine are reported, where the reactivity is dependent on the nature of the starting triazolium salt. Furthermore, the cationic triazolium salts were used to develop a series of unsymmetrical MIC‐triazene‐NHC/MIC’ compounds, which can be readily converted to the radical form either by electrochemical or chemical methods. These radicals, which display NIR electrochromism, were investigated using a battery of techniques such as electrochemistry, UV/Vis/NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemistry, and theoretical calculations. Interestingly, the MIC plays an important role in the stabilization of the triazenyl radical, particularly in a competitive role vis‐à‐vis their NHC counterparts. These results shed new light on the ability of MICs to stabilize radicals, and possibly also on their π‐accepting ability.
Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma: A literature review
Authors: Tamimi Amirhossein , Tamimi Atena , Sorkheh Fatemeh , Asl Saba Mardekatani , Ghafari Arezoo , Karimi Arian Ghannadi , Erabi Gisou , Pourmontaseri Hossein , Deravi Niloofar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a relatively common and heterogenous malignancy of different organs, such as the skin, esophagus, and lungs. Although most cases experience good survival with surgical methods, management of advanced types of the disease remains challenging. Several modalities, including different chemotherapy regimens and immunotherapies, have been investigated in this matter, among which Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are one of the most promising ones. Since the development of Mabs, they have been widely used to treat different diseases. Mabs have shown significant efficacy with high specificity along with acceptable safety, which makes them a favorable option in cancer therapy. In this article, we aimed to review the different aspects of using Mabs in SCC therapy.Recent FindingsWe found that treating with different Mabs has shown excellent efficacy accompanied by acceptable safety in treating SCC of different organs. Therefore, Mabs are considered great options in the treatment of SCC, especially in advanced cases. Overall, two highly potent types of Mabs in SCC therapy are anti‐EGFR Mabs and checkpoint inhibitors, especially Cetuximab, Nimotuzumab, and PD‐1 inhibitors. Bevacizumab is also a promising option as adjuvant therapy to other modalities.ConclusionAlthough some Mabs have shown promising outcomes in SCC therapy, their application as a part of cancer treatment depends on further investigations regarding cost‐effectiveness and predictors of response. FDA has approved several Mabs in SCC therapies, and Mabs may have a crucial role in this era in the near future, especially in treating head and neck and esophageal SCC and metastatic lung cancer.
Near‐infrared Piezochromic Materials at High Pressure
Authors: Li Chengjian , Lv Chunyan , Ouyang Mi , Zhang Yujian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study of piezochromic materials (PCMs) has become an attractive field and numerous scholars have reported various material structures and phenomena. PCMs incorporating near‐infrared (NIR) emission have led to a broader range of applications due to the strong penetration and interference resistance of longer wavelength light sources. However, NIR PCMs are still rare due to difficulties in tuning molecular configuration, conformation and stacking structure. In this review, organic compounds are classified according to their types and structures, and recent advances in NIR PCMs are comprehensively summarized and described. The various factors affecting the piezochromic properties from the perspective of the compound structure are shown. The effects of pressure on the photophysical changes of different compounds are discussed. It is expected to provide ideas for subsequent NIR PCMs, from structural design to predicting their photophysical properties under pressure.