bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tree community composition stabilizes ecosystem functions in response to drought
Authors: Gottschall Felix , Cesarz Simone , Auge Harald , Kovach Kyle R. , Nock Charles A. , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn summer 2018, Central Europe was hit by an extreme drought event that widely impacted ecosystems and markedly increased tree mortality in forest ecosystems across the continent. As climate models predict an increase in frequency and severity of such events, there is an urgent need to adapt forests in order to maintain the diverse benefits they provide. Soil processes play an essential role in this context and are key for a plethora of terrestrial ecosystem functions, but they are strongly dependent on water availability. Here, we investigated how tree species richness (TSR), composition, and identity in a 13‐year‐old temperate tree diversity experiment influenced selected ecosystem functions (as important representatives of different ecosystem processes) during the 2018 summer drought. We focused on the stability of soil microbial biomass and standard litter decomposition, as well as tree species‐specific mortality rates. Contrary to our expectations, TSR did not generally increase the resistance of soil functions or decrease tree mortality rates. However, the resistance of these functions was determined by tree species identity and community composition. For the resistance of both soil functions (microbial biomass and litter decomposition), we found that TSR effects depended on the presence of certain tree species. Moreover, we found that the performance of a specific tree species in monoculture, Norway spruce, was a poor predictor of its response to drought in tree species mixtures. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate that the species composition of tree stands determines tree mortality and the resistance of soil functions under drought. This indicates that enhancing multiple ecosystem functions under environmental disturbance requires maintaining diverse forests.
Host insect specificity and interspecific competition drive parasitoid diversification in a plant–insect community
Authors: Wang Ai‐Ying , Peng Yan‐Qiong , Cook James M. , Yang Da‐Rong , Zhang Da‐Yong , Liao Wan‐Jin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEcological interactions among plants, insect herbivores, and parasitoids are pervasive in nature and play important roles in community assembling, but the codiversification of tri‐trophic interactions has received less attention. Here we compare pairwise codiversification patterns between a set of 22 fig species, their herbivorous pollinating and galling wasps, and their parasitoids. The parasitoid phylogeny showed significant congruence and more cospeciation events with host insects phylogeny than with host plants. These results suggest that parasitoid phylogeny and speciation is more closely related to their host insects than to their host plants. The pollinating wasps hosted more parasitoid species than gallers and indicated a more intense interspecific competition among parasitoids associated with pollinators. Closer matching and fewer evolutionary host shifts were found between parasitoids and galler hosts than between parasitoids and pollinator hosts. These results suggest that interspecific competition among parasitoids, rather than resource availability of host wasps, is the main driver of the codiversification pattern in this community. Therefore, our study highlights the important role of interspecific competition among high trophic level insects in plant–insect tri‐trophic community assembling.
Single‐atom surface anchoring strategy via atomic layer deposition to achieve dual catalysts with remarkable electrochemical performance
Authors: Song Zhongxin , Wang Qi , Li Junjie , Adair Keegan , Li Ruying , Zhang Lei , Gu Meng , Sun Xueliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPt‐Ir catalysts have been widely applied in unitized regenerative fuel cells due to their great activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the application of noble metals is seriously hindered by their high cost and low abundance. To reduce the noble metals loading and catalyst cost, the atomic layer deposition is applied to selectively surface anchoring of Ir single atoms (SA) on Pt nanoparticles (NP). With the formation of SA‐NP composite structure, the IrSA‐PtNP catalyst exhibits significantly improved performance, achieving 2.0‐ and 90‐times mass activity by comparison with the benchmark Pt/C catalyst for the ORR and OER, respectively. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the SA‐NP cooperation synergy endows the IrSA‐PtNP catalyst to surpass the bifunctional catalytic activity limit of Pt‐Ir NPs. This work provides a novel strategy for the construction of high‐performing dual catalyst through designing the single atom anchoring on NPs.image
Assessment of a revised dust prediction model for Mildura, Australia
Authors: Che Yahui , Parsons Katherine , Yu Bofu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDust storms are regarded as global natural hazards, adversely impacting the climate, economy, and human health. As a dry continent, Australia is extensively impacted by dust storm activity, particularly in dry seasons. Located in the Mallee region and 600 km downwind of the Lake Eyre Basin, Mildura is one of the most vulnerable regional cities to dust storms. Rapid development of agriculture in the Mildura region removed natural vegetation and increased the frequency of dust storms in the 20th century. To better understand the factors and processes that affect dust storm activity in Mildura, a seasonal predictive model for dust event days was developed in the early 1990s. This was based on an empirical relationship between seasonal rainfall in preceding autumn and summer dust event days (the most active dust season in Mildura). In this study, this model was applied for a further 24‐year period (from 1990 to 2013) to test model validity for forecasting dust activity. Results show that the r2 was 0.13 and the root mean square error was 5.33 days in the ‘forecast’ mode, which indicates poorer model performance than that for the original calibration period (1960–1989). All large ‘forecast’ errors occurred in the 1990s. Winter rainfall was identified as the main climate factor for overprediction. The effect of the preceding winter rainfall on summer dust event occurrence was found to increase with the ratio of winter rainfall over autumn rainfall for the whole period of 1960–2013. An updated dust prediction model for 1960–2013 was constructed based on preceding autumn and winter rainfall. Autumn rainfall was used as the predictor when the ratio of winter and autumn rainfall was no more than 3.1; otherwise, winter rainfall was used. This was a marked improvement in model performance with an r2 value of 0.37 to that of 0.26 for the original model performance for the period as a whole (1960–2013).
Quantum Crystallography and Complementary Bonding Analysis of Agostic Interactions in Titanium Amides
Authors: Malaspina Lorraine A. , Frerichs Nils , Adler Christian , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger , Grabowsky Simon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAgostic interactions involving titanium are textbook examples for C−H bond activation. Therefore, it is surprising that there is no study in the literature in which the hydrogen atom in the C−H⋅⋅⋅Ti interaction has been determined reliably, although nearly all the criteria for assessing the strength and character of the agostic interaction depend on the hydrogen atom and its position. Here, we demonstrate with quantum crystallographic techniques how hydrogen atoms in a series of three titanium amides can indeed be localized accurately and precisely based on routine single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Once the hydrogen positions have been established, theoretical and experimentally fitted bonding analyses reveal that the C−H⋅⋅⋅Ti interaction becomes stronger with increasing inter‐ligand London dispersion stabilization of bulky alkyl groups.
A comprehensive analysis of coagulopathy during anti‐B cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor‐T therapy in multiple myeloma, a retrospective study based on LEGEND‐2
Authors: Liu Rui , Lv Yang , Hong Fei , Zhao Wanhong , Lei Bo , Liu Jie , Zhang Wanggang , He Aili , Wang Fangxia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐reprogrammed T cell therapy is a novel and powerful treatment against hematological malignancies. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and other potentially life‐threatening toxicities are known side effects which need appropriate management and supportive care. Coagulopathy is a common and severe CAR‐T‐related adverse event, while a comprehensive profile of coagulopathy in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing CAR‐T cell therapy has not been reported. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of coagulopathy in 51 patients with r/r MM given anti‐B cell maturation antigen CAR‐T cell therapy. We found that 49% of patients had coagulation disorders, and 29% of patients experienced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Severe CRS, abnormal liver function and higher tumor burden were risk factors for the CAR‐T‐related coagulopathy. We found that the serum IL‐6 level and alanine aminotransferase level were potential indicators for CAR‐T‐related DIC. Furthermore, we found that coagulation disorders occurred within 1 month after CAR‐T cell infusion, mainly between days 10 and 13, which was 2−5 days later than the beginning of CRS and simultaneous with the beginning of abnormal liver function and the peak of CRS. In addition, although patients with coagulation dysfunction had a trend for better outcomes and prognosis, no statistical significance was found. In conclusion, our research provided a comprehensive understanding of CAR‐T‐related coagulopathy in MM. Upon timely and standardized treatment, coagulopathy was manageable in most cases.
Viral etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in adults in the pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic era: A cross‐sectional study in a single center experience from Cameroon
Authors: Tchatchouang Serges , Kenmoe Sebastien , Nzouankeu Ariane , Njankouo‐Ripa Mohamadou , Penlap Veronique , Donkeng Valerie , Pefura‐Yone Eric‐Walter , Fonkoua Marie‐Christine , Eyangoh Sara , Njouom Richard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsRespiratory viruses are responsible for the majority of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) worldwide. However, there is a gap on the epidemiology of viral LRTIs in adults in sub‐Saharan African countries. In Cameroon, like in other countries, the role of viral respiratory pathogens in the etiology of LRTIs in adults is helpful for clinical management. This study aimed to determine the viral aetiologies of LRTIs among hospitalized adults in a reference center for respiratory diseases in the town of Yaounde in Cameroon and its surroundings.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to January 2018 at Jamot Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). Clinical and demographic information; BAL and sputa were collected from hospitalized patients meeting LRTI case definitions. The clinical samples were investigated for respiratory pathogens with a commercial Reverse Transcriptase Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR) targeting 21 viruses, cultures for bacterial and fungal infections.ResultsThe 77 included adult patients with LRTIs had an appropriate clinical sample for microbial investigations. A viral agent was detected in 22.1% (17/77) samples. The main viruses detected included rhinovirus (10/77), coronavirus (hCoV‐OC43 and hCoV‐229E), and influenza A virus (3/77 each). A concomitant viral and bacterial co‐infection occurred in 7.8% of patients (6/77) while viral co‐infection occurred in one patient (1.3%). No Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) was detected in clinical samples. Most patients were under antimicrobials before getting diagnosed.ConclusionsRespiratory viruses account for 22.1% of LRTIs in hospitalized patients in this study. Despite prior antimicrobial therapy and delay, rhinovirus, coronavirus and influenza A virus were the most detected in patients in the pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic era in a single center experience from Cameroon.
Downregulation of ROR2 attenuates LPS‐induced A549 cell injury through JNK and ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Zhonglin , Yang Liu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine whether receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) is involved in the occurrence of acute lung injury (ALI) by an animal study and explore the effect of ROR2 downregulation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated human lung carcinoma A549 cells by a cytological study.MethodsMurine models of ALI were successfully constructed by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Meanwhile, A549 cell line stimulated with LPS was used for a cytological study. The expression of ROR2 and its effect on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammation were detected.ResultsIt was found that LPS administration markedly inhibited the cell proliferation, resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1 phage, elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis rate of A549 cells. However, LPS‐mediated adverse effects mentioned above were significantly ameliorated by downregulation of ROR2 in comparison with LPS treatment. In addition, administration of ROR2 siRNA notably decreased the phosphorylation level of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in LPS‐challenged A549 cells.ConclusionsThus, the present data indicate that downregulation of ROR2 may decrease LPS‐induced inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis through inhibiting JNK and ERK signaling pathway, which attenuates ALI.
Mixed storm in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid‐19 era
Authors: Alomair Basil Mohammed , Al‐Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Al‐Buhadily Ali K. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Alshammari Majed Ayed , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) leading to the global pandemic worldwide. Systemic complications in Covid‐19 are mainly related to the direct SARS‐CoV‐2 cytopathic effects, associated hyperinflammation, hypercytokinemia, and the development of cytokine storm (CS). As well, Covid‐19 complications are developed due to the propagation of oxidative and thrombotic events which may progress to a severe state called oxidative storm and thrombotic storm (TS), respectively. In addition, inflammatory and lipid storms are also developed in Covid‐19 due to the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of bioactive lipids correspondingly. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to elucidate the interrelated relationship between different storm types in Covid‐19 and the development of the mixed storm (MS). In conclusion, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces various storm types including CS, inflammatory storm, lipid storm, TS and oxidative storm. These storms are not developing alone since there is a close relationship between them. Therefore, the MS seems to be more appropriate to be related to severe Covid‐19 than CS, since it develops in Covid‐19 due to the intricate interface between reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines, complement activation, coagulation disorders, and activated inflammatory signaling pathway.
Value of diffusion‐weighted imaging in diagnosis and therapy response assessment of hepatic fungal infection in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Yu Haitao , Bai Dong , Yao Dan , Han Yongjun , Shi Yichao , Wang Zhiqun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for diagnosis and posttreatment assessment of hepatic fungal infection in patients with acute leukemia.MethodsPatients with acute leukemia and highly suspected hepatic fungal infection were collected in the study. All the patients underwent MRI examination, including initial and follow‐up DWI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lesions and the normal liver parenchyma were compared using Student's t‐test. The ADC values of the hepatic fungal lesions of pretreatment and posttreatment were compared using paired t‐test.ResultsA total of 13 patients with hepatic fungal infections have enrolled this study. Hepatic lesions were rounded or oval shaped, measured from 0.3 to 3 cm in diameter. The lesions showed significantly hyperintense signal on DWI and markedly hypointense signal on the ADC map, reflecting a marked restricted diffusion. The mean ADC values of the lesions were significantly lower than those of normal liver parenchyma (1.08 ± 0.34 × 10−3 vs. 1.98 ± 0.12 × 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). After treatment, the mean ADC values of the lesions were significantly increased when comparing with those of pretreatment (1.39 ± 0.29 × 10−3 vs. 1.06 ± 0.10 × 10−3 mm2/s, p = .016).ConclusionDWI can provide diffusion information of hepatic fungal infection in patients with acute leukemia, which could be taken as a valuable tool for diagnosis and therapy response assessment of these patients.
A generalizable approach based on the U‐Net model for automatic intraretinal cyst segmentation in SD‐OCT images
Authors: Ganjee Razieh , Ebrahimi Moghaddam Mohsen , Nourinia Ramin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new U‐Net‐based approach for intraretinal cyst segmentation across different vendors that improve some of the challenges faced by previous deep‐based techniques. The proposed method has two main steps: (1) prior information embedding and input data adjustment, (2) the segmentation model. In the first step, we inject the information into the network in a way that overcomes some of the network limitations in receiving data and learning important contextual knowledge. And in the next step, we introduce a connection module between the encoder and decoder parts that transfers information more effectively from the encoder to the decoder. Two public datasets, namely, OPTIMA and KERMANY, are employed to evaluate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is an efficient vendor‐independent approach for the segmentation of intraretinal cystoid fluid with mean Dice values of 0.78 and 0.81 on the OPTIMA and KERMANY datasets, respectively.
Dative quadruple bonds between d10 transition metals and beryllium in BeM(PMe3)2 and BeM(CO)2 (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt) complexes: Transition metal fragments as six‐electron donor and two‐electron acceptor
Authors: Parambath Sneha , Thannimangalath Vishnu , Parameswaran Pattiyil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe structure, chemical bonding, and reactivity of neutral 16 valence electrons (VE) transition metal complexes of beryllium, BeM(PMe3)2 (1M‐Be) and BeM(CO)2 (2M‐Be, M = Ni, Pd, and Pt) were studied. The molecular orbital and EDA‐NOCV analysis suggest dative quadruple bonds between the transition metal and beryllium, viz., one Be→M σ bond, one Be←M σ bond, and two Be←M π bonds. The strength of these bonding interactions varies based on the ligands coordinated to the transition metal. The Be←M σ bond is stronger than the Be→M σ bond when the ligand is PMe3, whereas the reverse order is observed when the ligand is CO. This is attributed to the higher π acceptor strength of CO as compared to PMe3. Since these complexes have M–Be dative quadruple bonds, the beryllium center is susceptible to ambiphilic reactivity, as indicated by high proton and hydride affinity values.
Highly selective chromogenic and fluorogenic probe based on benzothiazole‐thiosemicarbazone Schiff base for detection of copper (II) in real samples
Authors: Zhong Xuefang , Cheng Song , Zhao Zhigang , Shi Zhichuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCopper is the third most abundant essential transition metal ion in the human body. It's responsible for important activities in many living things, but excessive intake of Cu2+ can lead to a range of diseases. A colorimetric and turn‐off fluorescent probe (E)‐2‐(5‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐(diethylamino)‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐N‐phenylhydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide (ZTR) was designed and synthesized by thiosemicarbazone Schiff base as a specific complexes site strategy to achieve highly specific Cu2+ detection. The fluorescence of the probe ZTR solution fell dramatically when Cu2+ was added, and its appearance changed from dazzling blue to nearly colorless. The simple structure and readily available fluorescent probe provide a novel approach for the quantitative detection of Cu2+ in the linear range from 0 to 0.12 μM, with a detection limit down to 16 nM, and with high selectivity for Cu2+ over 15 other metal ions. Job’s plot analysis showed that probe ZTR and Cu2+ formed a 1:1 coordination complex. In addition, because of its low detection limits and fast response time, the created fluorescent molecule was effectively used to study the target ions on test paper strips and in water samples.))
Sirtuin 6 ameliorates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis via activation of lipid catabolism
Authors: He Jiangping , Yu Cong , Shen Yunlong , Huang Jiao , Zhou Yanzi , Gu Jianmin , Cao Ying , Zheng Quan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and serious interstitial lung disease with little effective therapies currently. Our incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis remains obstacles in therapeutic developments. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been shown to mitigate multiple organic fibrosis. However, the involvement of SIRT6‐mediated metabolic regulation in pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SIRT6 was predominantly expressed in alveolar epithelial cells in human lung tissues by using a single‐cell sequencing database. We showed that SIRT6 protected against bleomycin‐induced injury of alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and pulmonary fibrosis of mice in vivo. High‐throughput sequencing revealed enriched lipid catabolism in Sirt6 overexpressed lung tissues. Mechanismly, SIRT6 ameliorates bleomycin‐induced ectopic lipotoxicity by enhancing lipid degradation, thereby increasing the energy supply and reducing the levels of lipid peroxides. Furthermore, we found that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) was essential for SIRT6‐mediated lipid catabolism, anti‐inflammatory responses, and antifibrotic signaling. Our data suggest that targeting SIRT6‐PPARα‐mediated lipid catabolism could be a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases complicated with pulmonary fibrosis.