bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the focal characteristics of two strong earthquakes in Turkey: differences in earthquake characteristics rupture process and spatiotemporal evolution of the rupture
Authors: Carrera-Cevallos Amilcar Wilfrido 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Two major earthquakes struck Turkey on February 6, 2023, which caused significant structural and human losses. This document analyzes the focal characteristics, rupture process, and spatiotemporal evolution of the earthquakes through tele seismic data and characterization of the events. The first earthquake occurred east of the Eastern Anatolia Fault Zone, while the second one took place on the Cardak Fault of the Eastern Anatolia Fault Zone. Through the rupture process, we can visualize the damage caused by the earthquakes as well as the energy release they both caused. However, only two aftershocks with a magnitude greater than 6 were recorded. Although the earthquakes were of similar magnitude, they had different focal damage.
Hyperspectral dimensionality reduction based on SAE-1DCNN feature selection approach
Authors: JIJÓN-PALMA Mario Ernesto , Amisse Caisse , Centeno Jorge Antonio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hyperspectral remote sensing enables a detailed spectral description of the object’s surface, but it also introduces high redundancy because the narrow contiguous spectral bands are highly correlated. This has two consequences, the Hughes phenomenon and increased processing effort due to the amount of data. In the present study, it is introduced a model that integrates Stacked-Autoencoders and Convolutional Neural Networks to solve the spectral redundancy problem based on the feature selection approach. Feature selection has a great advantage over feature extraction in that it does not perform any transformation on the original data and avoids the loss of information in such a transformation. The proposed model used a convolutional stacked-autoencoder to learn to represent the input data into an optimized set of high-level features. Once the SAE is learned to represent the optimal features, the decoder part is replaced with regular layers of neurons for reduce redundancy. The advantage of the proposed model is that it allows the automatic selection and extraction of representative features from a dataset preserving the meaningful information of the original bands to improve the thematic classification of hyperspectral images. Several experiments were performed using two hyperspectral data sets (Indian Pines and Salinas) belonging to the AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) sensor to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The analysis of the results showed precision and effectiveness in the proposed model when compared with other feature selection approaches for dimensionality reduction. This model can therefore be used as an alternative for dimensionality reduction.
Label-free human-disease characterization through circulating cell free DNA analysis using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Papadakis Vassilis M. , Cheimonidi Christina , Panagopoulou Maria , Karaglani Makrina , Apalaki Paraskevi , Katsara Klytaimnistra , Kenanakis George , Theodosiou Theodosis , Constnantinidis Theodoros C , Garinis George , Chatzaki Ekaterini 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Circulating cell free DNA (ccfDNA) is a liquid biopsy biomaterial attracting significant attention for the implementation of precision medicine diagnostics. Deeper knowledge related to its structure and biology would enable the development of such applications. In this study, we employ Raman Spectroscopy to unravel the biomolecular profile of human ccfDNA in health and disease. We established reference Raman spectra of ccfDNA samples from healthy males and females, from different conditions including cancer and diabetes, extracting information about their chemical composition. Comparative observations showed a distinct spectral pattern in ccfDNA from breast cancer patients taking neoadjuvant therapy. Raman analysis of ccfDNA from healthy, prediabetic and diabetic males uncovered some differences in their biomolecular fingerprint. We also studied ccfDNA released from human benign and cancer cell lines and compared it to their respective gDNA, confirming mirroring its cellular origin. Overall, we explored for the first time Raman Spectroscopy in the study of ccfDNA and provide spectra of samples from different sources. Our findings introduce Raman Spectroscopy as a new approach to implementing liquid biopsy diagnostics worthing further elaboration.
Ten Years of Improved-Fallow Slash-and-Mulch Agroforestry in Brazilian Amazonia: Do Nitrogen-fixing Trees affect Nitrous Oxide and Methane Efflux?
Authors: Joslin Aaron Hoyt , Vasconcelo Steel S. , Kato Osvaldo R. , Oliveira Francisco de Assis , Morris Lawrence , Markewitz Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Agriculture, and associated land-clearing, account for approximately 25% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including trace gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Agroforestry systems (AFS) have been proposed to reduce GHG emissions of agricultural practices. Smallholding farmers of the global tropics often utilize slash-and-burn AFS to prepare land for planting, releasing CO2, CH4, and N2O during burning, and from soil during agricultural and secondary forest regrowth phases. Slash-and-mulch AFS eliminate losses of GHGs via burning by mulching the vegetation instead. This mulch layer contains greater stocks of organic material, rich in C and N, than after burning, making it a potential source of N2O and CH4 efflux from litter and soil during decomposition. Slash-and-mulch systems that incorporate N-fixers for improved fallows may further augment N2O fluxes. To examine rates of N2O and CH4 efflux from slash-and-mulch AFS, four treatments were applied in a two-way factorial design: with and without P+K fertilization, and with and without a nitrogen-fixing tree (I. edulis). The inclusion of N-fixing trees increased N content of fallow forests, and thus was hypothesized to increase N2O efflux. We hypothesized that CH4 efflux would increase due to increased soil moisture with mulching. Trace gas flux measurements were taken over two years; prior to mulching to end Rotation 1 in Year 9 and after mulching to begin Rotation 2. Increased rates of N2O efflux were detected in the presence of I. edulis during the year prior to, but not after, mulching. No differences were detected for CH4 efflux before or after mulching. Site conversion from secondary forest to Rotation 2 was accompanied by 130% increase in N2O efflux and 430% decrease in CH4 efflux. Despite the large increase in N2O efflux, the CO2e of this increase was an order of magnitude less than estimated releases of trace gases from burning.
Which is better at estimating severe liver fibrosis, hepatic reserve capacity scoring or splenic volumetry?
Authors: Mizuno Mariko , Tago Kenichiro , Okada Masahiro , Nakazawa Yujiro , Arakane Takayuki , Yoshikawa Hiroki , Abe Hayato , Higaki Tokio , Okamura Yukiyasu , Takayama Tadatoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We aimed to assess liver and splenic volumetry (LV and SV), extracellular-volume (ECV) on dual-layer-spectral-detector CT (DLCT) and scoring-systems identifying liver fibrosis (LF). In 45 patients with pathologically staged LF, ECV measured on CT value (HU-ECV), iodine-density (ID-ECV), atomic-number (Zeff-ECV), and electron-density (ED-ECV) were calculated by two-readers. LV or SV/body-surface-area (BSA), albumin-bilirubin-grade (ALBI), model-for-end-stage-liver-disease-score (MELD), aspartate-aminotransferase-platelet-ratio-index (APRI), and fibrosis-index-based-on-the-four-factors (FIB-4) were also recorded. ALBI was weakly associated with LF (p = 0.451), while MELD (p < 0.001), APRI (p = 0.010), and FIB-4 (p = 0.010) were significantly associated with LF. SV/BSA had a higher AUC than MELD, APRI, and FIB-4 for estimating > F4 (AUC = 0.815,95%-CI = 0.63–0.999), but MELD (AUC = 0.799,95%-CI = 0.634–0.965), APRI (AUC = 0.722,95%-CI = 0.561–0.883), and FIB-4 (AUC = 0.741,95%-CI = 0.582–0.899) had higher AUCs than SV/BSA. SV/BSA significantly contributed to differentiation between F0–3 and F4; the odds ratio (OR) was 1.304 (Reader1;R1) and 1.353 (Reader2;R2), whereas MELD significantly contributed to the differentiation between F0–2 and F3–4; the OR was 1.528 (R1) and 1.509 (R2). AUC for SV/BSA and MELD combined was 0.877 (95%-CI = 0.748–1.000). In conclusion, SV/BSA allows for higher estimation of liver-cirrhosis (≥ F4). MELD is more suitable for assessing severe LF (≥ F3-4). The combination of SV/BSA and MELD had a higher AUC than SV/BSA alone for liver-cirrhosis (≥ F4).
Physiochemical Assessment of Water from selected Urban and Rural Water Supply Schemes in Gilgit Baltistan Northern Pakistan
Authors: Shah Attaullah , Ali Manzoor , Ali Karamat , Tan Jeff , Ahmed Mushtaque 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Quality Drinking water to the remote communities of Northern Pakistan is one of the major challenges. Many communities of the region are faced with water borne diseases due to poor quality of water. Physiochemical properties of water play an important role in the quality of water. WHO has recommended the standards for the quality of drinking water. In this research,154 water samples were collected from 50 sites across Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan, and their pH value, Total dissolved Solids (TDS), Salinity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness and Turbidity were determined. These values were compared with WHO Standards for drinking water. It has been observed that in some cases, the TDS, EC and Turbidity were found on higher side, making it unfit for drinking. In such cases, the open stream water (Nullah) has been mixed with the spring water to augment the water needs of increased population. This has deteriorated the quality of water as a result. It is recommended that proper water treatment initiatives may be undertaken in such areas and the existing capacity of water supply systems may be enhanced to meet the needs of people due to population increase.
Life Cycle Evaluation of Cold Forging Die Considering Lubrication Performance of Phosphate Film Coating
Authors: Seo Young Ho 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In designing the multi-stage cold forging process, an important factor along with formability is the die life cycle. As the die life cycle is closely related to the integrity of the phosphate film coating on the surface of the material, this study presents a method for predicting the die life cycle considering damage to the phosphate film coating. First, the correlation between the phosphate treatment conditions (phosphate treatment solution concentration and temperature) and the film layer weight was discussed. Afterwards, the behavior of the friction coefficient according to the damage of the phosphate film was predicted through repeated frictional tests. The behavior of the coefficient of friction was mainly divided into three areas and correlated with the film weight. By applying these results to the automobile engine bolt forging process, a method for performing precise simulation considering the damage to the phosphate film was presented. In addition, a method for predicting the quantitative limit life of the die based on precise simulation results with high accuracy was presented.
Complaints from Obstetric Care - A Wake-up Call for Improving Women’s Birth Experiences – A cross sectional study
Authors: Walløe Sisse , Bogh Søren Bie , Birkeland Søren Fryd , Pedersen Lone Kjeld , Lykkebo Annemette Wildfang , Andersen Lise Lotte Torvin , Frederiksen-Møller Britta , Morsø Lars 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction Staff shortages and quality in obstetric care is a concern in most healthcare systems and a hot topic in the public debate that has centred on complaints about deficient care. However there has been a lack of empirical data to back the debate. The aim of this study was to analyse and describe complaints in obstetric care. Further, to compare the obstetric complaint pattern to complaints from women about other hospital services. Materials and Methods We used the Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool to code, analyse and extract contents of obstetric complaint cases in a region of Denmark between 2016 and 2021. We compared the obstetric complaint pattern to all other hospital complaint cases in the same period regarding female patients at a large University Hospital in a cross-sectional study. Results Complaints regarding obstetric care differed from women’s complaints regarding other healthcare services. Women from obstetric care raised more problems per complaint, and tended to complain more about relational issues indicated by odds for complaints about staff shortage four times higher in the obstetric care group. Women from obstetric care had a lower proportion of compensation claims. Conclusion Systematic complaint analysis acknowledged women’s experience in obstetric care and may point to areas that, potentially need further attention. Complaints from obstetric care show that women experience deficiencies related to relational problems like recognition and individualized support compared to complaints from women receiving other hospital healthcare services.
Myeloid differentiation factor-2/LY96, a new predictive biomarker of metastasis in prostate cancer: Clinical implications as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Ferrari Marina , Wang Li , Hoeppner Luke , Hahm Eunsil , Yu Jindan , Kuzel Timothy , MANSINI ADRIAN 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Relapsed prostate cancer (CaP), usually treated with androgen deprivation therapy, acquires resistance to develop into lethal metastatic castration-resistant CaP. The cause of resistance remains elusive, and the lack of biomarkers predictive of castration-resistance emergence is a stumbling block in managing the disease. We provide strong evidence that Myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD2) plays a critical role in metastasis and CaP progression. Analysis of tumor genomic data and IHC of tumors showed a high frequency of MD2 amplification and association with poor overall survival in patients. The Decipher-genomic test validated the potential of MD2 in predicting metastasis. In vitro studies demonstrated that MD2 confers invasiveness by activating MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways. Furthermore, we show that metastatic cells release MD2 (sMD2). We measured serum-sMD2 in patients and found that the level is correlated to disease extent. We determined the significance of MD2 as a therapeutic target and found that targeting MD2 significantly inhibited metastasis in a murine model. We conclude that MD2 predicts metastatic behavior and serum-MD2 is a non-invasive biomarker for tumor burden, whereas MD2 presence on prostate biopsy predicts adverse disease outcome. We suggest MD2-targeted therapies could be developed as potential treatments for aggressive metastatic disease.
Comprehensive pan‑cancer analysis of Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Q4 (KCNQ4 ) gene expression in human malignant tumors
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhang Yunxiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Malignant tumor is a serious threat to human health and has become the disease with the highest mortality in the world. A large number of studies have shown that KCNQ4 is responsible for nonsyndromic hearing loss, but less has been done on KCNQ4 in cancer, so we analyzed the expression of KCNQ4 gene in different tumor tissues and their different pathological stages, the prognosis, mutation, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint related genes and related pathways were observed. The role and function of KCNQ4 in cancer were revealed through systematic and comprehensive pan-cancer analysis.
Method: The bioinformatics were analyzed by mining databases available to the public and by using R software. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology experiments were carried out to prove the cancer-inhibiting effect of KCNQ4 in pan-cancer.
Results: The results showed that KCNQ4 expression was lower than normal tissues in most tumors,and higher in a few tumors. The expression of KCNQ4 gene was closely related to the prognosis of patients with different types of tumors. The expression of KCNQ4 was significantly correlated with different pathological stages in papillary renal cell carcinoma, mixed renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial carcinoma. The mutation rate of KCNQ4 was the highest in patients with cutaneous melanoma.KCNQ4 is significantly associated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoint related genes in most tumors.KCNQ4,stemness analysis shows a positive correlation in most cancer species. KCNQ4 and related genes were significantly enriched in multiple pathways. Moreover, immunohistochemical and molecular biological experiments verified that KCNQ4 has less expression in breast cancer tissues and has anti-tumor effect in breast cancer.
Discussion: Our comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of KCNQ4 proved its potential signature role in cancer，Moreover，KCNQ4 could be used as an auxiliary prognostic marker or as a marker for immunotherapy in some tumor types.
What lies behind international differences in the Gender Pay Gap? An analysis of the European Union
Authors: Aláez‐Aller Ricardo , Fernandez-Sainz Ana , Longás‐García Juan Carlos , Ullibarri‐Arce Miren 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper sets out to estimate the GPG in EU countries based on a number of variables: the female participation rate, occupational segregation by gender, the proportion of people working in high-wage jobs and in education and health, plus the wage dispersion. The analysis covers 25 EU countries over 12 years from 2004 to 2015. The data are taken from three statistical surveys: the Labour Force Survey, the Structure of Earnings Survey and the EU-SILC. Three fixed-effect models and three random-effect models are estimated, based on an incomplete panel-dataset of 271 observations.
The key variables in explaining the GPG in the Southern Europe group are the female participation rate and the proportion of people working in high-wage jobs and in the Northern Europe group they are the female participation rate and the proportion of people working in education and health. By contrast, in the CEE country group the female participation rate is not significant and the most relevant explanatory variables are occupational segregation and the wage dispersion.
This paper finds evidence that comparisons between countries to determine GPGs have to take into account institutional and cultural factors, social roles and historical trends in national labour forces.
JEL: J21; J24; C23; C54
Systematically analysis of decompensated cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis to identify diagnostic and prognostic indexes
Authors: Du Tao , Li Qing-ping , Jiang Gui-xiang , Tan Hui-yuan , Wu Jiao-hua , Qin Shan-yu , Yu Bing , Jiang Hai-xing , Luo Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis, but the biomarkers for diagnosis have yet to be validated. This study aimed to identify reliable and easy-to-use biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cirrhotic patients with complicated SBP.
Methods
Cirrhosis data were collected retrospectively; The clinical features and laboratory test indices were analyzed. The indices related to the SBP of cirrhosis were analyzed. Two machine learning methods (Xgboost and LASSO algorithms) and a logistic regression analysis were adopted to screen and validate the indexed risk associated with SBP risk, then a predictive model was built and validated using the area under curve (AUC) estimated. The indices related to the survival of cirrhotic patients were also analyzed.
Results
A total of 413 cirrhotic patients were included, of whom 329 were decompensated and 84 were compensated. 52 patients complicated SPB and they were all decompensated patients. Patients with SBP have a poorer Child-Pugh score (P < 0.05) and the proportion of cancers was higher in patients with SBP than in those without SBP (P < 0.05). Most laboratory test indices differed significantly between patients with and without SBP (P < 0.05). Xgboost, LASSO algorithms, and logistic regression analysis identified that albumin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and ferritin-to-neutrophil ratio (FNR) were independently associated with SBP in uncompensated cirrhotic patients, and that established by the three indices model showed a high predictive value. with the AUC being 0.808. In addition, high neutrophils, ALP and CAR were associated with the shorter survival time of patients with decompensated cirrhosis, and the combination of these indices showed a better prognostic value for cirrhotic patients.
Conclusions
The present study identified FNR as a new index in the diagnosis of SBP in uncompensated patients with cirrhosis. A model constructed from neutrophils, ALP and CAR showed high performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with uncompensated cirrhosis.
On the accuracy of infrared-converted drone cameras for use in vegetation and environmental monitoring
Authors: Louw Albertus S. , Xinyue Chen , Avtar Ram 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Drones equipped with cameras sensitive to near-infrared wavelengths are increasingly being used in environmental assessment studies and in agriculture. These cameras can measure vegetation cover, extent of eutrophication in water bodies, and aspects of crops, such as growth vigour, biomass and potential yield. Infrared converted cameras that capture near-infrared wavelengths offer a low-cost alternative to multi-sensor multispectral cameras or drone-borne spectrometers. However, some studies point to lower accuracy in measurements by such infrared converted sensors. So, to what extent can infrared converted cameras be used to quantify vegetation condition? This study compared vegetation index measurements (NDVI) from an infrared converted camera to measurements by a multispectral camera and a handheld NDVI meter, captured over soybean and potato fields. It was observed that infrared converted camera derived NDVI was consistently lower over crop than multispectral and handheld based measurements. However, correlation between the sensor values were high (r = 0.95, r = 0.87 for respective survey days). This suggests that the infrared converted sensor is valuable for qualitative assessment of vegetation status across a farm. Based on the result of this study we however recommend caution when using infrared converted camera for quantitative applications like calculating fertiliser prescription rates from vegetation index maps. We discuss possible reasons for the lower vegetation index measurements observed, noting overestimation of reflectance in the red band, but underestimation in the near-infrared band, leading to low NDVI values.