bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community detection and clustering characteristics analysis of the stock market
Authors: Xing Jia , Li Binghui , Yang Yuehan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study and analyze the community detection algorithms and the related evaluation metrics to explore the clustering characteristics of China's stock market. We build the stock market network by the constituent companies of the CSI 300 index and study the tightness between nodes. We first choose an appropriate adjacency matrix, which is obtained by the relation coefficient. Then, based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the adjacency matrix, we analyze the optimal network based on the directed spectral clustering on the ratio of eigenvectors and the spectral clustering followed by local refinement. The optimal network is chosen based on the best clustering effect according to the clustering effectiveness indexes Calinski–Harabasz and Davies–Bouldin. We explore the community structure in the stock market and study the influence of each community. Through the index out‐degree and in‐degree, we also obtain the most important companies in the market. Different from the traditional strategies that are always based on qualitative methods and undirected networks, this paper explores the characteristics of how to detect China's stock market. Specifically, we offer suitable strategies and measurements to evaluate the clustering results objectively and fairly. The qualities of community detection are measured too. Based on the above analysis, we further provide valuable insights by exploring the characteristics of the stock market.
Exploration of the link between COVID‐19 and alcoholic hepatitis from the perspective of bioinformatics and systems biology
Authors: Huang Tengda , Yu Bingxuan , Zhou Xinyi , Pan Hongyuan , Du Ao , Bai Jincheng , Li Xiaoquan , Jiang Nan , He Jinyi , Yuan Kefei , Wang Zhen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been suggested to purpose threats to health of mankind. Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a life‐threatening acute and chronic liver failure that takes place in sufferers who drink excessively. During the epidemic, AH has an increasing incidence of severe illness and mortality. The intrinsic relationship of molecular pathogenesis, as well as common therapeutic strategies for two diseases are still poorly understood. The transcriptome of the COVID‐19 and AH has been compared to obtain the altered genes and hub genes were screened out through protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Via gene ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and transcription regulator analysis, a deeper appreciation of the interplay mechanism between hub genes were established. Finally, gene‐disease and gene–drug analysis were displayed to instruct the clinical treatments. With 181 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AH and COVID‐19 were obtained, 10 hub genes were captured. Follow‐up studies located that these 10 genes typically mediated the diseases occurrence by regulating the activities of the immune system. Other results suggest that the common pathways of the two ailments are enriched in regulating the function of immune cells and release of immune molecules. The top 10 drug candidates have been chosen primarily, some of which have been proved effective in treating AH sufferers infected with COVID‐19. This study reveals the common pathogenesis of COVID‐19 and AH and assist to discover necessary therapeutic targets to combat the ongoing pandemic induced via SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and acquire promising remedy strategies for the two diseases.
Usefulness of indocyanine green angiography in the intraoperative evaluation of recipient vessels for microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction in ischemic vasculopathy: Report of three cases
Authors: Ammar Hamad M. , Kim Jina , Lee Kyeong‐Tae 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChoosing reliable recipient vessels is crucial for successful free flap reconstruction of lower extremity defects, especially in patients with ischemic vasculopathy. This report describes our experience with the intraoperative use of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) for selecting recipient vessels in lower extremity free flap reconstruction cases. Three patients with lower extremity defects and ischemic vasculopathy underwent free flap reconstruction. Intraoperatively, the candidate vessels were evaluated using ICGA. In the first case, a 10 × 6 cm defect on the anterior side of the lower third of the leg caused by minor trauma and associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease was reconstructed using a super‐thin anterolateral thigh flap based on one perforator. In the second case, a 12 × 8 cm defect on the posterior side of the right lower leg caused by a dog bite and associated with severe atherosclerosis throughout all three major vessels in the lower leg was reconstructed using a muscle‐sparing latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. In the third case, a 13.5 × 5.5 cm defect on the right lateral malleolar region, where the peroneus longus tendon was exposed due to Buerger's disease, was reconstructed using a one perforator‐based super‐thin anterolateral thigh flap. In all cases, ICGA was used to evaluate the functionality of the candidate recipient vessels. In two cases, the candidate vessels showed acceptable blood flow, and the operations proceeded as planned. In the third case, the planned vessels of posterior tibial vessels were not identified to have sufficient blood flow, and one of their branches showing enhancement in ICGA was selected and used as a recipient vessel. All flaps survived completely. No adverse events occurred during the follow‐up period of postoperative 3 months. Our results suggest that ICGA may be a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating the quality of candidate recipient vessels in cases where their functionality cannot be guaranteed with conventional imaging modalities.
Human skin bacterial microbiota homeostasis: A delicate balance between health and disease
Authors: Zhu Yibin , Yu Xi , Cheng Gong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs the largest organ of the body, the skin acts as a barrier to prevent diseases and harbors a variety of beneficial bacteria. Furthermore, the skin bacterial microbiota plays a vital role in health and disease. Disruption of the barrier or an imbalance between symbionts and pathogens can lead to skin disorders or even systemic diseases. In this review, we first provide an overview of research on skin bacterial microbiota and human health, including the composition of skin bacteria in a healthy state, as well as skin bacterial microbiota educating the immune system and preventing the invasion of pathogens. We then discuss the diseases that result from skin microbial dysbiosis, including atopic dermatitis, common acne, chronic wounds, psoriasis, viral transmission, cutaneous lupus, cutaneous lymphoma, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Finally, we highlight the progress that utilizes skin microorganisms for disease therapeutics, such as bacteriotherapy and skin microbiome transplantation. A deeper knowledge of the interaction between human health and disease and the homeostasis of the skin bacterial microbiota will lead to new insights and strategies for exploiting skin bacteria as a novel therapeutic target.
The effect of spill change on reliable absolute dosimetry in a synchrotron proton spot scanning system
Authors: Tan Hong Qi , Lew Kah Seng , Koh Calvin Wei Yang , Wibawa Andrew , Master Zubin , Beltran Chris J. , Park Sung Yong , Furutani Keith M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbsolute dosimetry measurement is an integral part of Treatment Planning System (TPS) commissioning and it involves measuring the integrated absorbed dose to water for all energies in a pencil beam scanning delivery system. During the commissioning of Singapore's first proton therapy center, a uniform scanned field with an Advanced Markus chamber method was employed for this measurement, and a large dose fluctuation of at least 5% was observed for 10% of the energy layers during repeated measurements.PurposeThis study aims to understand the root cause of this fluctuation by relating the actual delivered spot information in the log file with the charge measurement by the ion chambers.MethodsA dedicated pencil beam dose algorithm was developed, taking into account the log file parameters, to calculate the dose for a single energy layer in a homogeneous water phantom. Three energies, 70.2, 182.7, and 228.7 MeV were used in this study, with the 182.7 MeV energy exhibiting large dose fluctuation. The dose fluctuation was investigated as a function of detector's sizes (pinpoint 3D, Advanced Markus, PTW 34070, and PTW 34089) and water depth (2 , 6, and 20 cm). Twelve ion chambers measurements were performed for each chamber and depth. The comparison of the theoretically predicted integrated dose and the charge measurement served as a validation of the algorithm.ResultsAbout 5.9% and 9.6% dose fluctuation were observed in Advanced Markus and pinpoint 3D measurements at 2 cm depth for 182.7 MeV, while fluctuation of 1.6% and 1.1% were observed in Advanced Markus with 228.7 and 70.2 MeV at similar depth. Fluctuation of less than 0.1% was observed for PTW34070 and PTW 34089 for all energies. The fluctuation was found to diminish with larger spot size at 20 cm depth to 1.3% for 182.7 MeV. The theoretical and measured charge comparison showed a high linear correlation of for all datasets, indicating the fluctuation originated from the delivered spot characteristics. The cause of fluctuation was identified to be due to the spill change occurring close to the detector, and since the spot positional deviation profiles were different between two spills, this resulted in local hot spots between columns of spots. The actual position of spill change varies randomly during measurement, which led to a random occurrence of hot spot within the detector's sensitive volume and a fluctuating dose measurement.ConclusionThis is the first report of a dose fluctuation greater than 5% in absolute dosimetry measurement with a uniform scanned field and the cause of the fluctuation has been conclusively determined. It is important to choose the MU and scanning pattern carefully to avoid spill change happening when the spot delivery is near the detector.
Dipolectric antenna for high‐field MRI
Authors: Wenz Daniel , Xin Lijing , Dardano Thomas , Kuehne Andre 
Published: June 2023

PurposeTo introduce the dipolectric antenna: a novel RF coil design for high‐field MRI using a combination of a dipole antenna with a loop‐coupled dielectric resonator antenna.MethodsSimulations in human voxel model Duke involving 8‐, 16‐, and 38‐channel dipolectric antenna arrays for brain MRI were conducted. An 8‐channel dipolectric antenna for occipital lobe MRI at 7 T was designed and constructed. The array was built of four dielectric resonator antennas (dielectric constant = 1070) and four segmented dipole antennas. In vivo MRI experiments were conducted in one subject, and the SNR performance was benchmarked against a commercial 32‐channel head coil.ResultsA 38‐channel dipolectric antenna array provided the highest whole‐brain SNR (up to a 2.3‐fold SNR gain in the center of the Duke's head vs. an 8‐channel dipolectric antenna array). Dipolectric antenna arrays driven in dipole‐only mode (with dielectric resonators used as receive‐only) yielded the highest transmit performance. The constructed 8‐channel dipolectric antenna array provided up to threefold higher in vivo peripheral SNR when compared with a 32‐channel commercial head coil.ConclusionDipolectric antenna can be considered a promising approach to enhance SNR in human brain MRI at 7 T. This strategy can be used to develop novel multi‐channel arrays for different high‐field MRI applications.
Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves survival after thermal and osmotic challenge during sexual reversal of postlarval Nile Tilapia
Authors: Faust Miguel , Owatari Marco Shizuo , Almeida Maria Vitoria Santos , Santos Ariane Leite , Martins Wellington , Vicente Luiz Rodrigo Mota , Jatobá Adolfo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the stress resistance and growth performance of postlarval Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus that were fed a diet supplemented with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic.

Methods
Two groups were established in triplicate: fish that were given a diet supplemented with probiotic and a control group that received a diet without probiotic. Two-hundred larvae were randomly distributed into each of six experimental units. Fish were fed six times daily. After 20 days, growth performance was determined, including survival, final weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and effectiveness of sexual reversal. From these fish, 30 fingerlings (0.25 ± 0.02 g [mean ± SD]) per experimental unit were removed and used to perform stress tests (n = 180), with 10 fingerlings being subjected to three stressors (i.e., transport, osmotic shock, and thermal shock).

Result
Fish that were fed the probiotic diet showed improved performance in final weight (16.6%) and survival (15.1%), as well as higher resistance to thermal (102.3%) and osmotic (27.5%) challenges, compared to control fish.

Conclusion
Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved growth performance and survival and had no effect on the rate of masculinization.
Fat distribution measurements by chemical shift‐encoded transition region extraction predict the risk of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome in mice
Authors: Wu Hui‐Xuan , Lin Xiao , Cheng Chuan‐Li , Jiang Hong‐Li , Iqbal Junaid , Liu Jun , Zhou Hou‐De 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity is closely related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). To validate a more accurate diagnostic method for obesity that reflects the risk of metabolic disorders in a pre‐clinical mouse model, C57BL/6J mice were fed high‐sucrose–high‐fat and chow diets for 12 weeks to induce obesity. MRI was performed and analysed by chemical shift‐encoded fat–water separation based on the transition region extraction method. Abdominal fat was divided into upper and lower abdominal regions at the horizontal lower border of the liver. Blood samples were collected, and the glucose level, lipid profile, liver function, HbA1c and insulin were tested. k‐means clustering and stepwise logistic regression were applied to validate the diagnosis of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and MetS, and to ascertain the predictive effect of MRI‐derived parameters to the metabolic disorders. Pearson or Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between MRI‐derived parameters and metabolic traits. The receiver‐operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic effect of each logistic regression model. A two‐sided p value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance for all tests. We made the precise diagnosis of obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and MetS in mice. In all, 14 mice could be diagnosed as having MetS, and the levels of body weight, HbA1c, triglyceride, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher than in the normal group. Upper abdominal fat better predicted dyslipidaemia (odds ratio, OR = 2.673; area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve, AUCROC = 0.9153) and hyperglycaemia (OR = 2.456; AUCROC = 0.9454), and the abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was better for predicting MetS risk (OR = 1.187; AUCROC = 0.9619). We identified the predictive effect of fat volume and distribution in dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and MetS. The upper abdominal fat played a better predictive role for the risk of dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia, and the abdominal VAT played a better predictive role for the risk of MetS.
Farmers' land‐use decision‐making: A dynamical modelling approach that integrates qualitative knowledge about social norms into a quantitative model
Authors: Vortkamp Irina , Hilker Frank M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The concept of the homo oeconomicus is often used to model human behaviour in economic contexts. However, other factors like tradition or the preference to comply with social norms can play a role in decision‐making processes.

To emphasize the need for incorporating non‐pecuniary values in economic models, we use data for participation in several agri‐environment schemes (AES) in Europe and show that dynamical patterns can not be simulated by models using the homo oeconomicus concept.

The presented data show gradually increasing participation levels in AES even if payment levels are constant. Furthermore, low participation levels are sometimes observed despite appropriate incentive schemes.

We propose and investigate a dynamic mathematical model to implement social norms in farmers' land‐use decision‐making in the face of AES. This socio‐economic model can help to explain the variety of observed behavioural patterns. It can generate multistable dynamics regarding the level of AES participation in the long‐term. We further assume that informative campaigns can modify farmers' perception of norms. Campaigns can have a stabilizing effect if strong enough.

The attempt of this work is to gain a better understanding of how the integration of social human behaviour in economic models affects simulation patterns.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Novel biocidal polyampholytes with guanidinium and carboxy groups
Authors: Gorbunova Marina , Zagumennova Darya , Lemkina Larisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolyampholytes are a promising class of multifunctional polymers containing both cationic and anionic groups. By varying the total charge of the copolymers, it is possible to significantly change the properties of the target macromolecule, such as molecular weight, solubility, reactivity, etc. In an attempt to create new polyampholytes, here the radical copolymerization of 2,2‐diallyl‐1,1,3,3‐tetraethylguanidinium chloride (AGC) with acrylic (AA), methacrylic (MAA), vinylacetic (VAA), and crotonic (CA) acids in bulk and in organic solvents has been studied and described. The relative reactivity of the unsaturated acids in the radical copolymerization with AGC in bulk appears to be MAA > AA > CA > VAA. It is shown that both AGC double bonds participate in copolymerization with unsaturated acids, forming a cyclolinear polymer chain including cis/trans‐stereoisomeric pyrrolidinium subunits. The kinetics of this polymerization has been studied. The possibility and prospects of chemical modifications of copolymers by drugs bearing an amino group are considered. Moreover, the copolymers under study, including the guanidinium moiety, are effective against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Collagen VI promotes recovery from colitis by inducing lymphangiogenesis and drainage of inflammatory cells
Authors: Molon Sibilla , Brun Paola , Scarpa Melania , Bizzotto Dario , Zuccolotto Gaia , Scarpa Marco , Fassan Matteo , Angriman Imerio , Rosato Antonio , Braghetta Paola , Castagliuolo Ignazio , Bonaldo Paolo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite a number of studies providing evidence that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an active player in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, knowledge on the actual contribution of specific ECM molecules in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains scant. Here, we investigated the role of a major ECM protein, collagen VI (ColVI), in gut homeostasis and elucidated the impact of its deregulation on the pathophysiology of IBD. To this end, we combined in vivo and ex vivo studies on wild type and ColVI‐deficient (Col6a1−/−) mice both under physiological conditions and during experimentally induced acute colitis and its subsequent recovery, by means of gut histology and immunostaining, gene expression, bone marrow transplantation, flow cytometry of immune cell subpopulations, and lymph flow assessment. We found that ColVI displayed dynamic expression and ECM deposition during the acute inflammatory and recovery phases of experimentally induced colitis, whereas the genetic ablation of ColVI in Col6a1 null mice impaired the functionality of lymphatic vessels, which in turn affected the resolution of inflammation during colitis. Based on these findings, we investigated ColVI expression and deposition in ileal specimens from two cohorts of patients affected by Crohn's disease (CD) and correlated ColVI abundance to clinical outcome. Our results show that high ColVI immunoreactivity in ileal biopsies of CD patients at diagnosis correlates with increased risk of surgery and that ColVI expression in biopsies taken at the resection margin during surgery, and showing inactive disease, predict disease recurrence. Our data unveil a key role for ColVI in the intestinal microenvironment, where it is involved in lymphangiogenesis and intestinal inflammation. Altogether, these findings point at the dysregulation of ColVI expression as a novel factor contributing to the onset and maintenance of inflammation in CD via mechanisms impinging on the modulation of inflammatory cell recruitment and function. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Fabrication of polycaprolactone/chitosan/hydroxyapatite structure to improve the mechanical behavior of the hydrogel‐based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Biscaffold approach
Authors: Salami Sajjad Jedari , Soleimanimehr Hamid , Maghsoudpour Adel , Etemadi Haghighi Shahram 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe main idea of this study is to create a 3D printed scaffold to improve the mechanical behavior of hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. This paper investigated the effects of infill percentage and strand diameter on the 3D printed polycaprolactone/Chitosan/HA scaffold's mechanical properties. The printing parameters were optimized by central composite design in response surface methodology. The X, Y, and Z axes measured stiffness (N/m), compressive strength (MPa), and elongation at break (%). The results showed that the highest stiffness of all samples (in both vertical (65 MPa) and horizontal (32 MPa) loading dimensions) could be found in the scaffolds with 40% infill and the strands with 400 μm diameter. It was also indicated that the degradability of the samples could be improved (0.33%–1.03%) with a reduction of strand diameter from 600 to 400 μm. The most swelling was attributed to the scaffold with 50% infill and strand diameter of 600 μm. Hydrophilicity was improved by employing chitosan (78.3°–66.3°). Results depicted good biocompatibility (>80%) of the samples. To sum up, the idea of a biscaffold with suitable engineering can be a good idea to enhance the mechanical behavior of hydrogel‐based scaffolds.