bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the ultrafast outflows in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 1044 from high-resolution time- and flux-resolved spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Yerong , Pinto Ciro , Rogantini Daniele , Bianchi Stefano , Guainazzi Matteo , Kara Erin , Jin Chichuan , Cusumano Giancarlo 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Ultrafast outflows (UFOs) have been revealed in a large number of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and are regarded as promising candidates for AGN feedback on the host galaxy. The nature and launching mechanism of UFOs are not yet fully understood. Here we perform a time- and flux-resolved X-ray spectroscopy on four XMM–Newton observations of a highly accreting narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy, Mrk 1044, to study the dependence of the outflow properties on the source luminosity. We find that the UFO in Mrk 1044 responds to the source variability quickly and its velocity increases with the X-ray flux, suggesting a high-density ($10^{9}\!-\!4.5\times 10^{12}\, \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$) and radiatively driven outflow, launched from the region within a distance of $98\!-\!6600\, R_\mathrm{g}$ from the black hole. The kinetic energy of the UFO is conservatively estimated ($L_\mathrm{UFO}\sim 4.4~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\, L_\mathrm{Edd}$), reaching the theoretical criterion to affect the evolution of the host galaxy. We also find that emission lines, from a large-scale region, have a blueshift of 2700–4500 km s−1 in the spectra of Mrk 1044, which is rarely observed in AGN. By comparing with other sources, we propose a correlation between the blueshift of emission lines and the source accretion rate, which can be verified by a future sample study.
Density biases and temperature relations for DESIRED H ii regions
Authors: Méndez-Delgado J E , Esteban C , García-Rojas J , Arellano-Córdova K Z , Kreckel K , Gómez-Llanos V , Egorov O V , Peimbert M , Orte-García M 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a first study based on the analysis of the DEep Spectra of Ionized REgions Data base (DESIRED). This is a compilation of 190 high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra of $\mathrm{H\, \scriptstyle II}$ regions and other photoionized nebulae, mostly observed with 8–10 m telescopes and containing ∼29 380 emission lines. We find that the electron density –ne– of the objects is underestimated when [$\mathrm{S\, \scriptstyle II}$] λ6731/λ6716 and/or [$\mathrm{O\, \scriptstyle II}$] λ3726/λ3729 are the only density indicators available. This is produced by the non-linear density dependence of the indicators in the presence of density inhomogeneities. The average underestimate is ∼300 cm−3 in extragalactic $\mathrm{H\, \scriptstyle II}$ regions, introducing systematic overestimates of Te([$\mathrm{O\, \scriptstyle II}$]) and Te([$\mathrm{S\, \scriptstyle II}$]) compared to Te([$\mathrm{N\, \scriptstyle II}$]). The high-sensitivity of [$\mathrm{O\, \scriptstyle II}$] λλ7319 + 20 + 30 + 31/λλ3726 + 29 and [$\mathrm{S\, \scriptstyle II}$] λλ4069 + 76/λλ6716 + 31 to density makes them more suitable for the diagnosis of the presence of high-density clumps. If Te([$\mathrm{N\, \scriptstyle II}$]) is adopted, the density underestimate has a small impact in the ionic abundances derived from optical spectra, being limited to up to ∼0.1 dex when auroral [$\mathrm{S\, \scriptstyle II}$] and/or [$\mathrm{O\, \scriptstyle II}$] lines are used. However, these density effects are critical for the analysis of infrared fine structure lines, such as those observed by the JWST in local star forming regions, implying strong underestimates of the ionic abundances. We present temperature relations between Te([$\mathrm{O\, \scriptstyle III}$]), Te([$\mathrm{Ar\, \scriptstyle III}$]), Te([$\mathrm{S\, \scriptstyle III}$]), and Te([$\mathrm{N\, \scriptstyle II}$]) for the extragalactic $\mathrm{H\, \scriptstyle II}$ regions. We confirm a non-linear dependence between Te([$\mathrm{O\, \scriptstyle III}$]) and Te([$\mathrm{N\, \scriptstyle II}$]) due to a more rapid increase of Te([$\mathrm{O\, \scriptstyle III}$]) at lower metallicities.
Aerosol parameters for night sky brightness modelling estimated from daytime sky images
Authors: Kocifaj M , Kundracik F , Barentine J 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Atmospheric turbidity is one of the key factors influencing the propagation of artificial light into the environment during cloudless nights. High aerosol loading can reduce the visibility of astronomical objects, and thus information on atmospheric pollution is critical for the prediction of the night sky brightness (NSB) distribution. In particular, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and asymmetry parameter (g) are among the most important aerosol properties influencing the NSB amplitudes. However, these two parameters are rarely available at astronomical sites. Here, we develop a method for AOD and g retrievals from clear-sky radiometry carried out around sunset or sunrise, shortly before or after night-time observation is intended. The method allows for reducing the number of unknowns needed in the processing and interpretation of night sky radiances, and thus provides an efficient tool for gathering input data to present skyglow simulators. The practice of collecting information about aerosols in this way could become a routine part of astronomical observations, much like observing standard stars to obtain extinction coefficients. If the procedure were conducted around sunset and the data were quickly reduced, it could offer an on-the-spot estimate of the NSB for the night ahead. The error analysis is performed using the theoretical model, while taking into account experimental errors of radiance readings. The capability of the method is demonstrated in a field experiment conducted under cloudless conditions.
Comparative analysis of Ag NPs functionalized with olive leaf extract and oleuropein and toxicity in human trophoblast cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Pirković Andrea , Lazić Vesna , Spremo-Potparević Biljana , Živković Lada , Topalović Dijana , Kuzman Sanja , Antić-Stanković Jelena , Božić Dragana , Jovanović Krivokuća Milica , Nedeljković Jovan M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dry olive leaf extract (DOLE) and its active component oleuropein (OLE) were applied as reducing and stabilizing agents to prepare colloidal 20–25 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The Ag NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and absorption spectroscopy. The cytotoxic actions of coated Ag NPs, and their inorganic and organic components, were examined against trophoblast cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. The genotoxic potential was evaluated in PBLs in vitro with the comet assay. Ag/DOLE and Ag/OLE induced cytotoxic effects in both types of cells after 24 h exposure when silver concentrations were 0.025–0.2 mM. However, the most pronounced cytotoxicity exhibits Ag/OLE. Both colloids also caused reduced ROS production in both cell types at 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM, while bare Ag NPs did not alter ROS levels at any of the conditions. Functionalized Ag/DOLE and Ag/OLE did not show genotoxic effects in PBLs, while bare AgNPs increased DNA damage significantly only at 0.2 mM. Regarding the antimicrobial effects, the Ag/OLE had MIC values for all evaluated microorganisms from 0.0625 to less than 0.0312 mM. Also, the antimicrobial effect of Ag/DOLE was significantly higher on Gram-negative bacteria and yeast than on Gram-positive bacteria. Obtained results indicate that Ag/OLE induced the most pronounced biological effects, beneficial for its application as an antimicrobial agent, but with potential risks from exposure to high concentrations that could induce cytotoxicity in healthy human cells.
The correlation between occupation type and fibromyalgia severity
Authors: Mohabbat A B , Wight E C , Mohabbat N M L , Nanda S , Ferguson J A , Philpot L , Adusumalli J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain disorder associated with financial burden, decreased work productivity and absenteeism. Occupational stressors and specific employment factors may contribute to the severity of FM.

Aims
To determine if occupation type or employment status correlates with FM diagnostic and severity parameters, as assessed via validated instruments including tender points (TP), Widespread Pain Index (WPI), Symptom Severity (SS) and pain regions.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study of 200 adult patients diagnosed with FM at a single-centre FM clinic. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Occupations were manually grouped in an iterative modified-Delphi approach and participants were grouped by employment status (Working, Not Working/Disabled or Retired) for analysis.

Results
In our cohort, 61% were employed and 24% were not working/disabled, while the remainder were students, homemakers or retired. SS score was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) in not working/disabled patients compared to those employed. Business owners had the lowest TP count (median = 14) and the lowest median SS score (median = 7). WPI was highest for Others (Arts/Entertainment, Driver/Delivery and Housekeeper/Custodian workers; median=16) and the lowest for Retail/Sales/Wait Staff (median = 11).

Conclusions
Work-related factors, occupation type and employment status correlate with diagnostic and severity parameters of FM. Employed participants had significantly lower SS scores suggesting that work loss correlates with SS. Participants employed in entry-level jobs or jobs with higher physical or financial stressors may experience greater FM symptoms. Further studies are required to explore work-related factors and their impact on the diagnostic and severity parameters of FM.
Relative Effectiveness of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines and Homologous Boosting in Preventing COVID-19 in Adults in the US
Authors: Hung Nguyen Van , Boileau Catherine , Bogdanov Alina , Sredl Meg , Bonafede Mac , Ducruet Thierry , Chavers Scott , Rosen Andrew , Martin David , Buck Philip , Esposito Daina , Van de Velde Nicolas , Mansi James A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Few head-to-head comparisons have been performed on the real-world effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccines. We evaluated the relative effectiveness (rVE) of a primary series of mRNA-1273 vs BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S and a homologous mRNA booster against any medically attended, outpatient, and hospitalized COVID-19.

Methods
A data set linking primary care electronic medical records with medical claims data was used for this retrospective cohort study of US patients age ≥18 years vaccinated with a primary series between February and October 2021 (Part 1) and a homologous mRNA booster between October 2021 and January 2022 (Part 2). Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were derived from 1:1 matching adjusted across potential covariates. rVE was (1 – HRadjusted) × 100. Additional analysis was performed across regions and age groups.

Results
Following adjustment, Part 1 rVE for mRNA-1273 vs BNT162b2 was 23% (95% CI, 22%–25%), 23% (95% CI, 22%–25%), and 19% (95% CI, 14%–24%), while the rVE for mRNA-1273 vs Ad26.COV2.S was 50% (95% CI, 48%–51%), 50% (95% CI, 48%–52%), and 57% (95% CI, 53%–61%) against any medically attended, outpatient, and hospitalized COVID-19, respectively. The adjusted rVE in Part 2 for mRNA-1273 vs BNT162b2 was 14% (95% CI, 10%–18%), 13% (95% CI, 8%–17%), and 19% (95% CI, 1%–34%) against any medically attended, outpatient, and hospitalized COVID-19, respectively. rVE against medically attended COVID-19 was higher in adults age ≥65 years (35%; 95% CI, 24%–47%) than in those age 18–64 years (13%; 95% CI, 9%–17%) after the booster.

Conclusions
In this study, mRNA-1273 was more effective than BNT162b2 or Ad26.COV2.S following a primary series during the Delta-dominant period and more effective than BNT162b2 as a booster during the Omicron-dominant period.
Passive acoustic monitoring indicates Barred Owls are established in northern coastal California and management intervention is warranted
Authors: Watson Whitney A , Wood Connor M , Kelly Kevin G , Hofstadter Daniel F , Kryshak Nicholas F , Zulla Ceeanna J , Whitmore Sheila A , O’Rourke Virginia , Keane John J , Peery M Zachariah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Barred Owls (Strix varia) have recently expanded westward from eastern North America, contributing to substantial declines in Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina). Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) represents a potentially powerful approach for tracking range expansions like the Barred Owl’s, but further methods development is needed to ensure that PAM-informed occupancy models meaningfully reflect population processes. Focusing on the leading edge of the Barred Owl range expansion in coastal California, we used a combination of PAM data, GPS-tagging, and active surveys to (1) estimate breeding home range size, (2) identify patterns of vocal activity that reflect resident occupancy, and (3) estimate resident occupancy rates. Mean breeding season home range size (452 ha) was reasonably consistent with the size of cells (400 ha) sampled with autonomous recording units (ARUs). Nevertheless, false-positive acoustic detections of Barred Owls frequently occurred within cells not containing an activity center such that site occupancy estimates derived using all detected vocalizations (0.61) were unlikely to be representative of resident occupancy. However, the proportion of survey nights with confirmed vocalizations (VN) and the number of ARUs within a sampling cell with confirmed vocalizations (VU) were indicative of Barred Owl residency. Moreover, the false positive error rate could be reduced for occupancy analyses by establishing thresholds of VN and VU to define detections, although doing so increased false negative error rates in some cases. Using different thresholds of VN and VU, we estimated resident occupancy to be 0.29–0.44, which indicates that Barred Owls have become established in the region but also that timely lethal removals could still help prevent the extirpation of Northern Spotted Owls. Our findings provide a scalable framework for monitoring Barred Owl populations throughout their expanded range and, more broadly, a basis for converting site occupancy to resident occupancy in PAM programs.
Catalyst-free biphasic orthorhombic/hexagonal tungsten oxide system with enhanced photocatalytic response under visible light
Authors: Singh Anshu Kumar , Pandey Sumit Kumar , Vishwakarma Pramod Kumar , Pratap Raghvendra , Verma Ranjana , Pandey Anamika , Giri Rajiv , Srivastava Anchal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
These days, textile industries pose a more significant threat to surface water and groundwater sources directly or indirectly by discharging wastewater containing various dyes and organic pollutants to these water sources. The phase-junction-engineered heterogeneous photocatalysis carried out by visible light-driven semiconductor photocatalysts is opening a new window for the degradation of environmental organic pollutants. In this work, we have reported a one-step bottom-up hydrothermal synthesis of biphasic tungsten oxide (o/h-WO3) and performed a photodegradation experiment under visible light irradiation for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants such as Methylene blue (MB) and Methyl violet (MV), respectively. The X-ray diffraction, RAMAN, transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–Vis characterization techniques were used to investigate the structural, morphological and optical properties of the as-synthesized o/h-WO3. Moreover, the low calculated band gap (∼2.8 eV) and the anionic nature of o/h-WO3 suggest it as an efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst suitable for heterogeneous photocatalysis. The photodegradation experiment performed under visible light using o/h-WO3 photocatalyst showed better degradation efficiency of 71% and 89% for MB and MV, respectively, in 100 min. The dyes followed first-order kinetics, and their kinetic rate constants were calculated using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Furthermore, the recyclability study of the photocatalyst was also performed and discussed the underlying mechanism for the photodegradation of the organic dyes.
Lysosomal Ca2+ flux modulates automaticity in ventricular cardiomyocytes and correlates with arrhythmic risk
Authors: Xie An , Kang Gyeoung-Jin , Kim Eun Ji , Feng Feng , Givens Sophie E , Ogle Brenda M , Dudley Samuel C 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutomaticity involves Ca2+ handling at the cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Abnormal or acquired automaticity is thought to initiate ventricular arrhythmias associated with myocardial ischemia. Ca2+ flux from mitochondria can influence automaticity, and lysosomes also release Ca2+. Therefore, we tested whether lysosomal Ca2+ flux could influence automaticity. We studied ventricular human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), hiPSC 3D engineered heart tissues (EHTs), and ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from infarcted mice. Preventing lysosomal Ca2+ cycling reduced automaticity in hiPSC-CMs. Consistent with a lysosomal role in automaticity, activating the transient receptor potential mucolipin channel (TRPML1) enhanced automaticity, and two channel antagonists reduced spontaneous activity. Activation or inhibition of lysosomal transcription factor EB (TFEB) increased or decreased total lysosomes and automaticity, respectively. In adult ischemic cardiomyocytes and hiPSC 3D EHTs, reducing lysosomal Ca2+ release also inhibited automaticity. Finally, TRPML1 was up-regulated in cardiomyopathic patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) compared with those without VT. In summary, lysosomal Ca2+ handling modulates abnormal automaticity, and reducing lysosomal Ca2+ release may be a clinical strategy for preventing ventricular arrhythmias.
Outlearning extortioners: unbending strategies can foster reciprocal fairness and cooperation
Authors: Chen Xingru , Fu Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recent theory shows that extortioners taking advantage of the zero-determinant (ZD) strategy can unilaterally claim an unfair share of the payoffs in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma. It is thus suggested that against a fixed extortioner, any adapting coplayer should be subdued with full cooperation as their best response. In contrast, recent experiments demonstrate that human players often choose not to accede to extortion out of concern for fairness, actually causing extortioners to suffer more loss than themselves. In light of this, here we reveal fair-minded strategies that are unbending to extortion such that any payoff-maximizing extortioner ultimately will concede in their own interest by offering a fair split in head-to-head matches. We find and characterize multiple general classes of such unbending strategies, including generous ZD strategies and Win-Stay, Lose-Shift (WSLS) as particular examples. When against fixed unbending players, extortioners are forced with consequentially increasing losses whenever intending to demand a more unfair share. Our analysis also pivots to the importance of payoff structure in determining the superiority of ZD strategies and in particular their extortion ability. We show that an extortionate ZD player can be even outperformed by, for example, WSLS, if the total payoff of unilateral cooperation is smaller than that of mutual defection. Unbending strategies can be used to outlearn evolutionary extortioners and catalyze the evolution of Tit-for-Tat-like strategies out of ZD players. Our work has implications for promoting fairness and resisting extortion so as to uphold a just and cooperative society.
Cognitive Uncertainty
Authors: Enke Benjamin , Graeber Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article documents the economic relevance of measuring cognitive uncertainty: people’s subjective uncertainty over their ex ante utility-maximizing decision. In a series of experiments on choice under risk, the formation of beliefs, and forecasts of economic variables, we show that cognitive uncertainty predicts various systematic biases in economic decisions. When people are cognitively uncertain—either endogenously or because the problem is designed to be complex—their decisions are heavily attenuated functions of objective probabilities, which gives rise to average behavior that is regressive to an intermediate option. This insight ties together a wide range of empirical regularities in behavioral economics that are typically viewed as distinct phenomena or even as reflecting preferences, including the probability weighting function in choice under risk; base rate insensitivity, conservatism, and sample size effects in belief updating; and predictable overoptimism and -pessimism in forecasts of economic variables. Our results offer a blueprint for how a simple measurement of cognitive uncertainty generates novel insights about what people find complex and how they respond to it.
Targeted testing of bone marrow specimens with cytoplasmic vacuolization to identify previously undiagnosed cases of VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Hines Alexander S , Koster Matthew J , Bock Allison R , Go Ronald S , Warrington Kenneth J , Olteanu Horatiu , Lasho Terra L , Patnaik Mrinal M , Reichard Kaaren K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
To retrospectively identify patients with VEXAS syndrome (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic syndrome) among male patients with bone marrow vacuolization using a clinically applicable, targeted-screening approach.

Methods
Bone marrow reports from 1 May 2014 through 18 February 2022 were reviewed for documentation of cytoplasmic vacuolization. Patients with acute leukaemia, lymphoma, metastatic solid tumour, amyloidosis or POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, skin changes) syndrome were excluded, as were those without clinical records available for direct chart review. Cases were rated for suspicion of VEXAS syndrome using a 5-point scale based on the presence of laboratory findings, clinical features and treatment response. Patients with available DNA material and moderate (three patients) or high (four to five patients) suspicion were tested for somatic UBA1 variants associated with VEXAS syndrome.

Results
A total of 315 reports from 292 unique patients included documentation of vacuolization. Following exclusion criteria, 64 patients underwent direct medical chart review to assess likelihood of VEXAS syndrome, for which 21 patients met moderate to high suspicion. Available DNA was present in eight patients, seven (87.5%) of whom had a pathogenic somatic UBA1 variant consistent with VEXAS syndrome. The distribution of cytoplasmic vacuolization in the bone marrow biopsy reports among patients with VEXAS syndrome were erythroid and myeloid precursors (6/7), erythroid precursors only (1/7) and myeloid precursors only (0/7).

Conclusion
In this study, the utilization of a clinically applicable targeted-screening approach to test bone marrow specimens (with vacuolization) for the presence of previously undiagnosed VEXAS syndrome resulted in a positive detection rate of 87.5%.