bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF IMPROVING THE LIGHTING EQUIPMENT OF AIRCRAFTS
Authors: Parashchenko T. , Zaets M. , Vasylenko R. 
Published: April 2023

The development of aviation technology is directly related to technological progress. Taking this into account, the question of switching to modern light sources on aircraft arises. Lighting equipment plays an important role in ensuring the operation of aircraft and flight safety, especially at night. Among the elements of aircraft’s electrical equipment, lighting equipment represents a fairly large electrical load (5.20 % of the total power of consumers).Today, incandescent lamps are most often used in aircraft lighting systems, in which an incandescent thread (a refractory conductor, a spiral made of tungsten alloy), located in a glass vessel with a vacuum or filled with an inert gas, is heated to a high temperature (luminosity temperature) due to the flow of electric current through this thread.
Recently, reliable and energy-efficient Light Emitting Diode (LED) light sources have been widely implemented in lighting systems for various purposes. Light diodes have now become light sources that are produced on an industrial scale for a variety of needs. LEDs are one of the key devices in today’s technological society. Unlike many other light sources, LEDs can convert electrical energy into light with an efficiency close to unity. It is expected that the role of LEDs will only grow and in the future they will become the main source of light.
Consequently, the light sources currently used on aircraft of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are outdated and do not correspond to the level of accumulated scientific and technical potential. Therefore, research aimed at introducing LED light technologies to the lighting equipment of aircraft is relevant.
The article considers the typical structure and main characteristics of aircraft’s lighting equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The stages of development of aircraft lighting equipment, the main types of existing lighting sources and their features are considered. It is noted that the development of lighting technology and the successful introduction of LEDs into lighting technology for various purposes allow us to consider the possibility of using them as the main light source on aircraft in order to improve operational characteristics. The relevance of conducting research aimed at improving the lighting equipment of aircraft is substantiated.
Inferring the Rate of Technosignatures from 60 yr of Nondetection
Authors: Grimaldi Claudio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
For about the last 60 yr the search for extraterrestrial intelligence has been monitoring the sky for evidence of remotely detectable technological life beyond Earth, with no positive results to date. While the lack of detection can be attributed to the highly incomplete sampling of the search space, technological emissions may be actually rare enough that we are living in a time when none cross the Earth. Here we explore the latter possibility and derive the likelihood of the Earth not being crossed by signals for at least the last 60 yr to infer upper bounds on their rate of emission. Under the assumption that technological emitters are distributed uniformly in the Milky Way and that they generate technoemissions at a constant rate, we find less than about one to five emissions generated per century with 95% credible level. This implies optimistic waiting times until the next crossing event of no less than 60–1800 yr with a 50% probability. A significant fraction of highly directional signals increases the emission rates’ upper bounds, but without systematically changing the waiting time. Although these probabilistic bounds are derived from a specific model and their validity depends on the model’s assumptions, they are nevertheless quite robust against weak time dependences of the emission rate or nonuniform spatial distributions of the emitters. Our results provide therefore a benchmark for assessing the lack of detection and may serve as a basis to form optimal strategies for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
Disks around Young Planetary-mass Objects: Ultradeep Spitzer Imaging of NGC 1333
Authors: Scholz Aleks , Muzic Koraljka , Jayawardhana Ray , Almendros-Abad Victor , Wilson Isaac 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report on a sensitive infrared search for disks around isolated young planetary-mass objects (PMOs) in the NGC 1333 cluster, by stacking 70 Spitzer/IRAC frames at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. Our coadded images go >2.3 mag deeper than single-epoch frames, and cover 50 brown dwarfs, 15 of which have M9 or later spectral types. Spectral types >M9 correspond to masses in the giant-planet domain, i.e., near or below the deuterium-burning limit of 0.015 M
⊙. Five of the 12 PMOs show definitive evidence of excess, implying a disk fraction of 42%, albeit with a large statistical uncertainty given the small sample. Comparing with measurements for higher-mass objects, the disk fraction does not decline substantially with decreasing mass in the substellar domain, consistent with previous findings. Thus, free-floating PMOs have the potential to form their own miniature planetary systems. We note that only one of the six lowest-mass objects in NGC 1333, with spectral type L0 or later, has a confirmed disk. Reviewing the literature, we find that the lowest-mass free-floating objects with firm disk detections have masses ∼0.01 M
⊙ (or ∼10 M
Jup). It is not clear yet whether even lower-mass objects harbor disks. If not, it may indicate that ∼10 M
Jup is the lower-mass limit for objects that form like stars. Our disk-detection experiment on deep Spitzer images paves the way for studies with JWST at longer wavelengths and higher sensitivity, which will further explore disk prevalence and formation of free-floating PMOs.
Observational Constraints on the Metagalactic Lyα Photon Scattering Rate at High Redshift
Authors: Meiksin Avery 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The scattering of Lyα photons from the first radiating sources in the universe plays a pivotal role in 21 cm radio detections of Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization through the Wouthuysen–Field effect. New data from JWST show the Lyα photon scattering rate exceeds that required to decouple the intergalactic hydrogen spin temperature from that of the Cosmic Microwave Background up to z ∼ 14 and render the neutral hydrogen visible.
Réviser les traités européens : Pourquoi ? Quand ? Comment ?
Authors: Favin Lévêque Jacques 
Published: April 2023

La construction de l’Union européenne est une longue route avec des avancées réelles mais aussi des blocages aux causes multiples. Pour progresser, il faudrait envisager de réviser les Traités européens : un processus politique complexe cependant nécessaire pour répondre aux défis de demain.
De Gaulle, Nixon et Kissinger : retour utile sur l’histoire
Authors: Berg Eugène 
Published: April 2023

Alors qu’Henry Kissinger s’apprête à fêter ses 100 ans, plusieurs ouvrages mettent en lumière les relations complexes mais riches que le général de Gaulle entretenait tant avec les États-Unis qu’avec l’URSS, une URSS derrière laquelle il voyait d’abord la Russie impériale. En 1969, de Gaulle discutait des affaires du monde avec Nixon et son conseiller Kissinger. Du XIX e siècle au XXI e siècle…
Histoire militaire
Authors: Franc Claude 
Published: April 2023

Paradoxalement, ce fut Mikhaïl Frounzé, bien que non militaire au début du bolchevisme, qui inventa l’art opératif, apportant à l’Armée rouge une doctrine majeure qui lui permit de vaincre en 1945 l’Allemagne nazie. Visiblement, les leçons de l’histoire n’ont pas été retenues par le Kremlin au XXI e siècle.
Retours sur les Futurs énergétiques 2050
Authors: Veyrenc Thomas 
Published: April 2023

En octobre 2021, puis en février 2022, RTE a publié les résultats de la grande étude « Futurs énergétiques 2050 » engagée deux ans plus tôt pour déterminer les chemins possibles vers la neutralité carbone et réfléchir au système électrique de demain. Les différents scénarios proposés ont depuis largement alimenté le débat énergétique ; ils ont été repris par de nombreux acteurs et forces politiques et ont alimenté la stratégie de décarbonation de la France présentée en février 2022 à Belfort par le Président de la République. Un an après la parution des principaux résultats de cette étude, nous revenons dans le présent article sur les conditions d’élaboration de celle-ci et sur certains de ses principaux enseignements à la lumière de la crise énergétique qui s’est depuis amplifiée en Europe.
Le consommateur, acteur de la sobriété énergétique ? Une approche sociologique
Authors: La Branche Stéphane 
Published: April 2023

Suite à plus de trente projets de recherche menés en sociologie du climat et de l’énergie dans différents secteurs, nous présentons dans cet article quelques éléments majeurs de compréhension des interactions entre les individus et l’énergie, afin de mieux expliquer ce que représente « faire des efforts de sobriété au quotidien ». La sobriété est beaucoup plus complexe que ce que les représentations communes laissent à penser et elle est aussi plus difficile à mettre en œuvre. Elle doit être distinguée de l’efficacité et de la gestion de l’énergie, car ces deux aspects ne renvoient pas aux mêmes facteurs de changements et de non-changements comportementaux et cognitifs que la sobriété. Nous présentons en fin de cet article quelques profils socioénergétiques.
L’accumulation du patrimoine au cours du cycle de vie : une approche par microsimulation
Authors: Galiana Lino , Guichaoua Théo , Wilner Lionel 
Published: April 2023

L'objectif de ce travail est de projeter des patrimoines individuels par microsimulation afin de pouvoir intégrer les produits de l'épargne dans le revenu disponible et calculer des niveaux de vie ajustés qui tiennent compte de ces revenus du patrimoine. Actifs et retraités diffèrent à cet égard en raison de leur position dans le cycle de vie. De plus, les premiers sont susceptibles d'hériter du patrimoine des seconds. Cette étude propose une méthodologie originale qui imbrique un modèle structurel stylisé de consommation et d'épargne au cours du cycle de vie dans le modèle de microsimulation Destinie, projetant les pensions d'individus reliés entre eux sur les plans conjugaux et familiaux. Ce modèle, incluant l'héritage, intègre de ce fait une dimension intergénérationnelle. Cette approche mobilise les données de plusieurs enquêtes Patrimoine : d'une part, la vague 2010 sur laquelle Destinie s'appuie, et, d'autre part, les vagues 2015 et 2018, partiellement panélisées, qui constituent la première objectivation empirique de l'accumulation du patrimoine sur données françaises. La méthode retenue consiste à calibrer les paramètres du modèle de consommation et d'épargne au long du cycle de vie, et à estimer, puis à simuler, un modèle d'héritage. Finalement, cette approche permet de simuler des profils individuels d'épargne cohérents avec les profils agrégés observés et de calculer des indices de concentration, tenant compte des revenus du patrimoine. Ces derniers étant plus concentrés que les revenus du travail, la modélisation permet de quantifier l’importance de cet ajustement et d’améliorer la qualité des projections liées aux niveaux de vie des retraités.
Patrimoine et âge envisagé de départ à la retraite
Authors: Arrondel Luc , Soulat Laurent 
Published: April 2023

En France, les départs à la retraite sont fortement marqués par une « norme sociale » puisqu’une très large majorité des personnes liquident leurs droits au taux plein, que ce soit par la durée de cotisation ou par l’âge légal. Pour autant, le niveau de vie, les conditions de travail, la santé et les incitations financières sont susceptibles d’influencer ces départs. Nous étudions ici les liens entre âge de départ à la retraite et montant du patrimoine. Plus précisément, nous testons l’existence d’un éventuel effet richesse en évaluant les effets du patrimoine du ménage sur l’âge envisagé de départ à la retraite par les individus . Pour cela, nous mobilisons l’enquête de suivi « Histoire de vie et patrimoine » 2014-2015 de l’Insee. Deux conclusions principales sont tirées de l’analyse économétrique. La première concerne les ménages endettés (sur leur logement principal ou pour leur entreprise), qui envisagent de se retirer plus tard du marché du travail. La seconde montre que, quelle que soit la définition de la richesse (brute, nette, financière), on anticipe une retraite plus tardive si l’on est relativement pauvre ou si l’on est relativement riche : l’effet richesse sur l’âge envisagé de départ à la retraite n’est donc pas linéaire. Ces effets « retard » aux extrêmes sont évidemment de nature différente : sans doute pour des raisons de niveau de vie pour les plus pauvres ; vraisemblablement pour d’autres motifs pour les plus riches (intérêt au travail, altruisme intergénérationnel, etc.). Classification JEL : D12, E21, J26, R31
La universidad española y la investigación en Web of Science sobre los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible 2017-2021
Authors: Repiso Rafael , Segado Francisco , Gómez-García Salvador 
Published: April 2023

Este artículo analiza la producción científica en Web of Science de las universidades españolas en relación con las propuestas de Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la ONU (trabajos estudiados=51.319). Estas metas persiguen garantizar el futuro de la Humanidad en nuestro planeta. Esta ambiciosa propuesta ha generado a su alrededor una amplia producción científica por parte de las universidades. El análisis de la aportación científica a estos objetivos y, de forma específica, al área de Educación, permite determinar el impacto de las universidades españolas a este proceso, la viabilidad de InCites de Clarivate Analytics para discriminar la producción internacional de la nacional y la representación de la producción a través de un nuevo tipo de gráfico: “Diagrama de Quipu”, que permitirá identificar solapamientos en objetivos similares entre sí. De este modo, se advierte que las universidades españolas que lideran los indicadores de producción científica, también lo hacen en su aportación a los ODS.
Effect of Obesity on Airway Mechanics
Authors: Shanmugasundaram K , Bade G , Sampath M , Talwar A 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Obesity is known to induce lung function impairment. Previous studies of decline in lung function associated with obesity are well established.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, to evaluate the effects of different obesity indices on lung mechanics, healthy subjects (males-23 and females-22) were recruited. Anthropometric parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and neck circumference (NC) were measured and waist-hip ratio (WHR) was derived. Spirometry, impulse oscillometry (IOS) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements were performed to assess lung function. Subgroups were divided and analysed.

Results:
In males, increased WHR is associated with increased total airway resistance (R5). BMI correlates positively with R5, R5% predicted, resistance at 20 Hz (R20) and R20% predicted; likewise, WHR shows a positive correlation with R5. In females, increased WHR has significantly higher R5, R5% predicted, R20, R20% predicted, area of reactance (Ax), resonant frequency (Fres) and decreased reactance at 5 Hz (X5), reactance at 20 Hz (X20), X20% predicted. The female group with higher WC shows significantly increased R5, R5% predicted, R20, R20% predicted, Ax, Fres and lower fixed ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), X5, X20, X20% predicted. The group with higher NC has a lower FEV1/FVC ratio. WHR positively correlated with R5% predicted and Fres while WC correlated positively with R5, R5% predicted, Ax and Fres; same way, NC with X5% predicted.

Conclusion:
Obesity/overweight causes significant changes in lung volumes, capacity and airway mechanics, Higher WC and WHR are associated with significant changes in lung mechanics, which are more prominent in females than in males. NC is not associated with changes in lung mechanics.
Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Invasive Correlation in North India
Authors: Kumar V , Yadav B , Nachankar A 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and Methods:
In this study, we assessed the prevalence of CAD in asymptomatic T2DM patients and its correlation with invasive testing in treadmill testing (TMT)-positive cases. A total of 90 patients with asymptomatic T2DM were recruited and subjected to TMT TMT-positive patients were subjected to coronary angiography (CAG).

Results:
At baseline, the mean duration of T2DM (years) was 4.87 ± 4.04 with mean levels of HbA1c (%) of 7.96 ± 1.02. TMT was positive in 28 patients (31.1%) for reversible myocardial ischaemia (RMI), and among them, 16 patients consented to CAG, of which 14 required coronary angioplasty and the remaining two (7.1%) had to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The remaining 12 TMT positives (42.9%) were managed medically.

Conclusion:
To conclude, there is a high prevalence of silent CAD in T2DM. They need regular screening to detect the same and prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with overt CAD. Hence, it is important to screen people with type 2 diabetes, to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with overt CAD.
Correlation between Serum Vitamin D3 Levels and Severity of COVID-19, Experience from a COVID-19-Dedicated Tertiary Care Hospital from Western India
Authors: Sanamandra P , Gada JV , Misra S , Barasara SA , Varthakavi PK , Bhagwat NM 
Published: April 2023

Context:
It is postulated that 25(OH)D deficiency is associated with a worse prognosis of COVID-19.

Aims:
We aimed to find out whether baseline serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were correlated with COVID-19 disease severity or not in Indian population.

Settings and Design:
It is a prospective observational study.

Methods and Material:
We prospectively recruited 200 COVID-19-positive adult patients and measured their baseline vitamin D levels on admission and prospectively followed their clinical course for their outcome and correlated the association.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The continuous data were represented as mean (±SD) or median (IQR), while the categorical data were represented as proportions. Parametric data were analysed using unpaired T-test and ANOVA for two and more than two groups, and for categorical, nonparametric data, Chi-square test were applied. A two-sided P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant with 95% confidence interval.

Results:
Eighty-six per cent (172/200) of patients had hypovitaminosis D (<30 ng/mL). The prevalence of 25(OH) severe deficiency, deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency was 23%, 41% and 22%, respectively. Clinical severity was graded as asymptomatic (11%), mild (14%), moderate (14.5%), severe (37.5%) and critical (22%). Sixty per cent of patients had clinically severe or critical disease requiring oxygen support with eleven per cent (n = 22) mortality overall. Age (P: 0.001), HTN (P: 0.049) and DM (P: 0.018) were negatively associated with clinical severity. No linear association was found between vitamin D levels and clinical severity. Low vitamin D levels had a significant inverse association with inflammatory markers like neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P: 0.012) and IL-6 (P: 0.002).

Conclusions:
Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 infection in Indian population.
Can Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase be a Marker of Vascular Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Raizada N , Aslam M , Mishra BK , Chawla D , Madhu SV 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims:
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme has been linked to vascular calcification. Unexplained elevations in serum ALP levels have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We assessed bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) levels in patients with T2DM who had unexplained ALP elevations and studied the association between BAP and other markers of vascular calcification.

Methods:
Patients with T2DM who had high serum ALP in the absence of known causes of ALP elevation were studied. The control group was T2DM patients with normal ALP. We measured the serum levels of BAP along with the leptin, fetuin-A, and vitamin K2 levels. Ankle–brachial index (ABI) was also measured in both groups.

Results:
Serum BAP levels were significantly higher in the group with high ALP when compared with the normal ALP group. A significant positive correlation was present between BAP and serum fetuin-A as well as between BAP and Vit K2 levels. There was no correlation between BAP and serum leptin. ABI was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions:
Patients with T2DM may have unexplained elevation in ALP due to an increase in BAP. Elevation in BAP may be associated with other markers of vascular calcification suggesting an increased risk of vascular calcification.
Addressing Challenges in Insulin Storage: An Ethical Dilemma among Physicians
Authors: Pande AK , Thakur AK , Kanchan A , Srivastava I 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims:
Insulin is a temperature-sensitive protein; hence, its potency is highly dependent on appropriate storage. Ideally, insulin should be stored in the refrigerator, but when in use it can be stored at room temperature for up to four weeks. However, room temperatures vary widely across regions and countries, and all rural areas of developing countries like India are not electrified. This study explored physicians’ perception of alternative methods for appropriate storage of insulin, such as indigenous storage methods like clay pots.

Methods:
A Study was conducted among 188 Indian physicians attending a diabetes conference in December 2018 to evaluate the feasibility of indigenous storage methods.

Results:
It was observed that although the use of alternate indigenous methods like clay pots was recommended by them, the proportion was low. The awareness of literature on these methods for insulin storage validation was also less than 50%. Owing to the lack of validation studies on indigenous methods, nearly 80% of the physicians felt that they were not confident to recommend them. Besides, the study results highlighted the necessity of conducting an adequate number of validation studies on indigenous methods in the Indian setting, considering their scarcity.

Conclusion:
This is the first time we highlight ethical dilemmas through a study among physicians when they advise non-refrigerator methods for insulin storage, in the event of a lack of electricity supply. It is hoped that results from these studies would highlight ethical dilemmas among physicians and would motivate researchers in this field to conduct studies to validate alternative methods of insulin storage.