bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical study comparing post-operative astigmatism with straight and frown scleral incision in manual small incision cataract surgery
Authors: Seethalakshmi D. K. , Prakash Anoosha , Kanakpur Savita , Ramamurthy Lakshmi Bomalapura 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Cataract surgery is considered refractive surgery. Apart from implanting the right dioptric power of Intra ocular lens (IOL), minimizing postoperative astigmatism plays an important role in good visual rehabilitation. Hence, surgical incision is of major importance in minimizing postoperative astigmatism and reducing or abolishing preexisting astigmatism.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to compare surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) following straight and frown scleral incisions in manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS).

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective randomized comparative study conducted among two groups of patients undergoing MSICS, where the straight scleral incision was performed in one group with 29 cases and the frown incision was performed in the other group with 29 cases. Postoperatively, patients were followed up on postoperative day 1, week 1, and week 6. Uncorrected visual acuity, Kv and Kh readings, and SIA were noted at each postoperative visit.

Results:
SIA on the postoperative day 1 in the straight incision group (SIG) was 1.4914D ± 1.251 and in the frown incision group (FIG) was 0.629D ± 0.288. On the postoperative week 1 in SIG, it was 0.9655D ± 0.699, and in FIG, it was 0.474D ± 0.397. On the postoperative week 6 in SIG, it was 0.8793D ± 0.599, and in FIG, it was 0.414D ± 0.286. SIA was significantly less in FIG compared to SIG (P = 0.011). Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was better in FIG compared with SIG. More amount the rule astigmatism was noted in FIG on the postoperative 6th-week follow-up, which is favorable to the patient, while SIG witnessed more amount against the rule astigmatism.

Conclusion:
Frown incision is a better incision than the straight incision in MSICS to create a sclerocorneal tunnel.
Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis as compared to solid cultures
Authors: Dhakar Ashok , Singhal Anuj , Kompella Kiran Kumar , Yadav Arun Kumar , Mangal Vishal 
Published: April 2023

Background:
There is a need to study the performance, validity, and accuracy of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CB-NAAT) for accessing drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) compared with the solid culture drug susceptibility test (DST).

Methods:
Patients with symptoms of cough for more than 2 weeks with anyone symptoms such as night sweats, fever, and unintentional weight loss were studied. Cases with previously diagnosed drug-resistant pulmonary TB by sputum CB-NAAT having constitutional symptoms but not on any ATT for a minimum of 2 months were also included in the study. The patient's information, including age, immune surveillance status, clinical features, and chest X-rays, were recorded. Each sputum sample was divided into three aliquots and tested for smear microscopy, liquid culture (LC), and genotypic DST. Results of all three diagnostic modalities were compared with CB-NAAT reports.

Results:
Of 236 patients with sputum-positive CB-NAAT (n = 236), 49.4% (n = 117) were rifampicin resistant, while 50. 4% (n = 119) were rifampicin sensitive. The genotypic DST assays carried out of all enrolled patients showed that 76.3% (n = 181) patients were resistant to one or more first-line antitubercular drugs (FL ATTs) or second-line (SL) ATTs, while 23.7% (n = 55) patients were sensitive to all ATTs. Among all the study participants, 56.4% (n = 133) of patients had sputum smear-positive by ZN stain, while 88.6% (n = 209) showed growth on LC (BACTEC) media. On concordant analysis of CB-NAAT with DST assays, we found that among 119 CB-NAAT rifampicin-sensitive patients, 66 patients were drug-resistant (DR) TB to any of the FL or SL ATTs. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CB-NAAT for detecting rifampicin resistance on sputum for pulmonary TB when compared with the gold-standard DST assays were 97.67%, 76.67%, 70.59%, and 98.29%, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study found that the use of rapid molecular technique (CB-NAAT) in screening DRTB at the community level is suboptimal compared to the gold-standard solid culture method. Although CB-NAAT's sensitivity in detecting DR pulmonary TB is significantly higher, the specificity is lower in that population who have received ATT earlier.
Social stigma and associated factors among COVID-19 survivors at a tertiary care centre from Visakhapatnam
Authors: Latha Bangi Suma , Moses Pidakala Mary , Karini Deepthi , Narni Hanumanth 
Published: April 2023

Background:
From the early days of the HIV epidemic to the current COVID-19 crisis, a major challenge around infectious diseases has been dealing with the deep-seated stigma around affected populations. There is a paucity of literature on the prevalence of social stigma among patients who survived after COVID-19 infection in India.

Objective:
The objective is to estimate the prevalence of social stigma and its associated factors among COVID-19 survivors.

Methodology:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 150 COVID-19 survivors with predesigned questionnaire using a simple random sampling technique in a tertiary care center from October to November 2020. Social stigma was measured for different socio-demographic parameters and compared.

Results:
Of 150 study subjects, 29.3% of them faced social discrimination. Majority of them were discriminated by neighbors (75%) and even by their family members and 11.4% not allowed them into community/village. 50% had fear of infecting others and 55.3% of them blamed themselves for getting COVID-19 infection. 18% had faced social devaluation by others. 23.3% lost their job due to COVID-19 and 40.7% had economic loss.

Conclusion:
COVID-19-related stigma was widespread among participants. Social discrimination was more with increased age, female gender, among educated people, in joint families, among married individuals, in upper social class and those who had a long hospital stay; however, it was not significantly associated statistically.
Incidence and prevalence of oral candidal colonization in patients with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Khan Imran , Ahmedi Saiema , Ahmad Tanveer , Rizvi M Moshaid Alam , Manzoor Nikhat 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims and Objectives:
This study aims to assess and compare the incidence and rate of oral candidal colonization in patients with cleft lip and palate and collate it with healthy individuals. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the factors that may affect the incidence, rate, and polycolonity of colonization of oral Candida species in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) as compared to healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:
The current prospective study involved the collection and assessment of oral samples from 50 CLP patients and compared it with oral samples from 50 healthy individuals. Colonies of Candida albicans and other Candida species were identified by using germ tube test and differential chromogenic media. Assessment of the distribution trend of various Candida species and their variation based on age, gender, type of cleft, number of surgeries, and oral hygiene status were recorded.

Results:
A highly significant (P value < 0.001) statistical difference was seen in the oral carriage rate of Candida species between the two groups with values more in the study group (60.75 ± 71.43) than in controls (1.62 ± 2.22). Individually comparing the different Candida species, significant difference in presence of C albicans (P value = 0.004), C parapsilosis (P value = 0.015), and C dubliensis (P value = 0.027) was seen as compared to other species. In the context of the type of cleft and the presence of Candida species Candida albicans was the most prevalent in patients with the cleft alveolus (60.0% n = 15), unilateral CLP (66.7% n = 8), and bilateral CLP (100.0% n = 3) respectively. Nonsignificant variation in prevalence was seen in the various fungal species based on an individual’s gender and oral hygiene and the number of surgeries status was observed.

Conclusion:
The anatomical alteration in the oral cavity of patients with CLP contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of Candida species.
Evaluation of occlusal forces using T scan analysis following mandibular fracture fixation
Authors: Kulkarni Vishal , Gupta Hemant , Gupta Swati , Ghosh Sirsendu 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Mandible receives maximum impact following maxillofacial trauma. The dentate segment in particular is of importance as it has a direct bearing on the occlusive forces. The studies that have been carried out are either based on crude clinical evaluations or make use of elaborate and labor-intensive techniques. This study made use of T-scan analysis for objective identification of occlusive forces following mandibular fracture fixation.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty clinic-radiologically diagnosed cases of dentate segments of the mandible were considered, after random sampling method. The occlusion analysis was done by use of a T scan to obtain Relatively Occlusal Force. The procedure was repeated at 04-, 24-, 36-, and 48-weeks intervals. The data was recorded on Excel Spreadsheet (Microsoft Inc) and analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results:
The cases were predominantly males with a homogenous distribution of cases of age. The age versus gender distribution was more skewed in the female subgroup with a higher kurtosis value. Both evaluative (Pearson’s) and inferential (paired t) tests were applied to reason the study. It was observed that the ROF values decreased in values as compared to pre-operative/post-treatment (Difference of Mean = 2.19, SE = 2.13) compared to 4 (Difference of Mean = -0.40 SE = 0.188),24 (Difference of Mean = -1.22, SE = 0.24) and 36 (Difference of Mean = -3.24, SE = 0.30) weeks, which however surpassed the pre-operative levels at 48 weeks post-operative period. This is suggestive of impending muscular imbalance in the initial periods. The surpass of 48 weeks may be due to optimal forces that were their pre-trauma.

Conclusion:
Mandibular fracture fixation is the most widely used and also a time-tested modality in the management of mandibular trauma. The evaluation of occlusive forces needs an understanding of their behavior following such fixation. The present study used T-scan analysis to objectify such forces and added extra insight apart from clinical evaluations of tooth contact and parafunctional movements.
Combination of double-sliding advancement genioplasty and prearthroplastic distraction osteogenesis in cases of TMJ ankylosis with severe mandibular atrophy
Authors: Singh Geeta , Sharma Shivani , Vignesh U. , Katrolia Ravi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to present a case of facial asymmetry secondary to unilateral long-standing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis managed by a staged treatment protocol. Treatment for facial asymmetry secondary to unilateral TMJ ankylosis can have varied approaches followed by different workers according to their experiences. This predistraction arthroplasty versus prearthroplastic distraction debate has been at the center stage in literature for quite some time. Hereby, we present a case followed by the latter approach along with double-sliding genioplasty to correct chin asymmetry. A 25-year-old male patient with a history of facial trauma 15 years ago reported a complaint of inability to open mouth and gradually developing facial asymmetry. The patient was thoroughly evaluated using radiographs and cephalometric analysis to establish the diagnosis of TMJ ankylosis with facial asymmetry and suspected sleep apnea. The patient was treated according to our institutional protocol of prearthroplastic asymmetry correction followed by ankylosis release along with double-sliding genioplasty to correct residual deformity at a later date. Correction of facial asymmetry before ankylosis release provides a more evidence-based approach as supported by the current literature. Plus, any residual deformity can be rectified using orthomorphic procedures such as genioplasty. Since there is an ongoing debate in the current literature about sequencing in the treatment of facial asymmetry cases, the presented case adds to the argument that the approach followed herein provides for more favorable outcome.
Efficacy of calcium sulfate dihydrate as a bone graft substitute in odontogenic cystic defects of jaws following enucleation: A clinical study
Authors: Tayshetye Radhika Shashank , Bhola Nitin , Deshpande Nupoor , Agrawal Anchal 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The treatment of osseous bone defects created following enucleation of a cyst is an arduous challenge. Autogenous bone grafts despite being the gold standard have various drawbacks such as donor site morbidity, limited availability of bone graft, and increased operative time. Hence, there are various bone grafts which are being investigated which could overcome the limitations of autografts. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of calcium sulfate (CS), a bone graft substitute, for spontaneous bone regeneration of cystic defects.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone formation in odontogenic cystic defects following enucleation and reconstruction with bone graft substitute by three-dimensional radiographic and clinical evaluation.

Methodology:
A total of twenty patients diagnosed with odontogenic cysts were randomly divided into two groups, out of which the study group had undergone enucleation with bone grafting (tobramycin-impregnated CS dihydrate) and the control group had undergone enucleation without bone grafting. The patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months postoperatively.

Results:
There was no bone formation observed at 1 month postoperative in both the groups. There was a statistically significant higher bone defect reduction observed radiologically on orthopantomogram and computed tomography scan in the study group than the control group at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months postoperative. The rate of reduction in cystic volume of the study group at the 12th month was 94.4% and in the control group was 37.16%.

Conclusion:
Immediate grafting of cystic cavity can avoid complications such as pathological fracture due to less bone support, delayed healing, etc., The utilization of a graft with a property of inducing rapid bone formation should be taken into consideration. The use of CS as a grafting material accelerated the rate of bone regeneration in the cystic defects, with minimal complications.
Recovery and post-operative analgesic efficacy from fentanyl- versus dexmedetomidine-based anesthesia in head and neck cancer surgery: A prospective comparative trial
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Singh Prem Raj , Srivastava Vinod Kumar , Khan Mohammad P. , Singh Manish Kumar , Shyam Radhey 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Opioids such as fentanyl are being used frequently in the management of postoperative period, whereas non-opioid drugs such as dexmedetomidine are now commonly being used as adjuvants during the perioperative period to hasten the fast recovery and better outcome in the post-operative period because of their anesthetic and analgesic property. The recovery profile was measured by the emergence of anesthesia and pain characteristics. We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in the surgery of head and neck cancer patients.

Methods:
Prospective double-blind study on 60 patients with the American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II were randomly divided into two groups. Group DM received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg over 10 min followed by a maintenance dose of 0.5 µg/kg/h and Group FM received a loading dose of fentanyl 2 µg/kg/h for over 10 min followed by 1 µg/kg/h maintenance dose. Data were analyzed using a Chi-square test or Student’s ‘t’ test.

Results:
The group DM was hemodynamic stable as compared to group FM. The perturbation during extubation emergence was significantly lower in group DM as compared to that in group FM. A total of four patients were severely agitated in group FM, whereas it was absent in group DM. Severe agitation was significantly different between Group FM and Group DM. The visual analog scale (VAS) was lower among patients of Group DM as compared to Group FM at all times except at 4 h.

Conclusions:
The infusion of dexmedetomidine was better in controlling emergence agitation, postoperative pain, and achieving peri-operative hemodynamic stability as compared to fentanyl.
Assessment of gingival biotype in different facial patterns: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sharma Vipul Kumar , Singh Deepak , Srivastava Roopal , Chaturvedi T. P. , Khairnar Mahesh , Singh Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship of gingival biotype in different malocclusions.

Methods:
A total of 157 periodontally healthy subjects (88 males and 69 females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The study participants were divided into three groups of skeletal class I, class II, and class III. The probe transparency method was used to determine the quality and gingival tissue into thick and thin biotype.

Results:
There was significant difference in gingival biotype among different skeletal malocclusion with high prevalence of thin gingival biotype in class I subjects and more prevalence of thick biotype in class II and class III individuals (P-value: 0.022). Pairwise comparison of gingival biotype in class I versus class II showed significant difference (P-value: 0.032); however in class I versus class III and class II versus class III, the test result was nonsignificant. The overall frequency of thin gingival biotype was significantly less in female subjects with respect to males (P-value: 0.025).

Conclusion:
A significant relationship is present between skeletal malocclusion and quality of gingival biotype. The prevalence of thick gingival biotype is found more in females as compared to male individuals. The thin gingival biotype is more commonly seen in skeletal class I than class II and class III.
A rare case of high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with oral and multiple extranodal manifestations
Authors: Faisal Mohammed , Mariyam Raha , Krishna Jyothish , Basheer Binshad 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Lymphomas are a group of malignant diseases affecting the lymphoreticular system. Lymphoma is the second most common neoplasm of the head and neck after squamous cell carcinoma, but the incidence of lymphomas in the oral cavity and orbit is rare. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is less predictable than Hodgkin’s but has a greater predilection to extranodal tissues. Non-Hodgkin’s incidence in extranodal sites accounts for about 20% to 30%, but in the oral cavity, its around 0.1% to 5%. The rarity of incidence in the oral cavity and atypical radiographic features diagnosing a lymphoma is quite a challenge for clinicians. Here we describe a case of 31-year-old male patient with high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma involving oral cavity with metastasis to orbit, skeletal structures, testes, liver, pancreas and nasopharynx, which is quite rare.
Controversies in the dental implant treatment planning for anterior maxillary aesthetic zone – A review
Authors: Singh Virendra , Bhagol Amrish , Ashwin Vetharatnam 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The anterior maxillary region being an aesthetic zone remains critical in decision-making when it comes to replacing a tooth. Treatment planning to place dental implants in aesthetic zone like anterior maxilla needs paramount attention in order to provide best of the treatment outcomes from aesthetic point of view. As the field of dental implants tend to evolve continuously, newer concepts with inadequate research come into practise on regular basis. In this article, some of the controversies regarding dental implant placement and treatment process related to anterior maxillary aesthetic zone are discussed with literature to support evidence.
Government measures to reduce CO2 emissions in freight transport: What are the impacts on SMEs?
Authors: Touratier-Muller Nathalie , Machat Karim , Jaussaud Jacques 
Published: April 2023

This article explores the behaviour of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) regarding mandatory and voluntary measures established by the French government to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated by freight transport operations. Through semi-structured interviews with fourteen SMEs (five shippers, eight carriers and a consultant) located throughout France, this research examines the integration of sustainable development into organizational and decision-making practices since the introduction of these programmes on the French territory. Our qualitative study suggests that active environmental implications stem mainly from the company's internal dynamics, driven by its management, as well as end customers’ expectations. The voluntary policies seem to appeal more to SMEs than the mandatory measures implemented since 2013. This research shows that the carriers surveyed are highly environmentally proactive, regardless of their size. It also sheds light on techniques that could increase the efficiency and widespread adoption of governmental measures, in particular through the increasing use of on-board telematics.
Cet article explore le comportement des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) suite aux dispositifs obligatoires et volontaires mis en place par le gouvernement français pour réduire les émissions de CO2 générées par le transport de marchandises. Grâce à des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de quatorze entreprises réparties sur le territoire français (cinq chargeurs, huit transporteurs et un consultant), nous examinons la prise en compte du développement durable dans les pratiques organisationnelles et décisionnelles des PME depuis l’apparition de ces dispositifs. Notre étude qualitative suggère que les implications environnementales actives découlent principalement de la dynamique interne de l'entreprise, pilotée par sa direction, ainsi que des attentes des clients finaux. Ce sont les démarches volontaires qui semblent séduire davantage les PME par rapport aux dispositifs obligatoires mis en place depuis 2013. Nous identifions une forte proactivité environnementale des transporteurs interrogés, quelle que soit leur taille. Notre travail apporte également un éclairage sur les techniques qui permettraient d’accroître l’efficacité et l’adoption des dispositifs gouvernementaux, notamment via une utilisation croissante de la télématique embarquée.
Studi Hermeneutika Dalam Analisis Teks Dan Konteks
Authors: Zendrato Anugrah Saro Iman , Tandi Yusuf , Wardhani Milla Widyawati Kusuma 
Published: April 2023

To understanding text and konteks analysis in hermeneutics study, I wrote this article for unterstanding the bible have method to analyze text and context. All story in bible written in any curtain culture, and basiclly social study sciencetifically done to support readers understanding beginning of context. History is past incident who made to handbook of life. Hermeneutics is descriptive knowledge and also theory or philosophy purpose exegesis.

Untuk memahami analisis teks dan konteks dalam hermeneutik, saya menulis artikel ini untuk memahami bahwa Alkitab memiliki cara untuk menganalisis teks dan konteks. Semua cerita alkitabiah ditulis dalam konteks budaya tertentu, dan studi sosial dasar dilakukan secara ilmiah untuk membantu pembaca memahami konteks awalnya. Sejarah adalah peristiwa masa lalu yang dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam kehidupan. Hermeneutik adalah ilmu deskriptif dan merupakan teori atau filsafat penafsiran makna.