bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal soil disturbance combined with spring cropping can halt soil seedbank accumulation of Alopecurus myosuroides
Authors: Menegat Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe basic mechanism of soil inversion tillage for control of annual weeds is based on the vertical translocation of weed seeds from the soil surface to deeper soil layers. Buried weed seeds either remain dormant in the soil seedbank and are exposed to biological and chemical decay mechanisms, or they germinate but the seedlings cannot reach the soil surface (fatal germination). However, depending on the seed biology of the respective target species, frequent inversion tillage can lead to a build‐up of the soil seedbank. For soil seedbank depletion based on available knowledge of the biology of Alopecurus myosuroides seeds, soil inversion tillage is suggested to be reduced to every third or fourth year with reduced or even no‐tillage (direct seeding) in between (rotational inversion tillage systems). Including spring crops in the crop rotation could further help dampening the population growth and hence the seed return into the seedbank. This study investigated the effect of rotational inversion tillage in combination with reduced tillage or direct seeding on the soil seedbank and population development of A. myosuroides. In a long‐term field trial, set up in 2012, these tillage strategies were compared with continuous inversion tillage in a 3‐year crop rotation with two consecutive years of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) followed by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare). The results showed a significant decline in the soil seedbank following the spring crop, irrespective of the tillage system. The continuous inversion tillage system and inversion tillage before spring cropping with reduced tillage (shallow tillage with a disc harrow) before winter wheat both led to accumulation of seeds in the soil seedbank. In contrast, inversion tillage before spring cropping with direct seeding of winter wheat depleted the soil seedbank significantly after only one crop rotation. Although only covering one intensively studied field site, these findings highlight the need for diversified cropping systems and indicate potential avenues for reducing soil tillage while controlling economically important weeds.
Effectiveness of the best practice spotlight organizations program to reduce the prevalence of pressure injuries in acute care settings for hospitalized patients in Spain: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Quiñoz Gallardo María Dolores , Barrientos‐Trigo Sergio , Porcel‐Gálvez Ana María 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPressure injuries are a major public health problem because of their impact on morbidity and mortality, quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. The Centros Comprometidos con la Excelencia en Cuidados/Best Practice Spotlight Organization (CCEC/BPSO®) program provides guidelines that can improve these outcomes.AimsThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the CCEC/BPSO® program in improving the care of patients at risk of pressure injury (PI) at an acute care hospital in Spain.MethodsA quasi‐experimental regression discontinuity design in three periods was used: (1) baseline (2014), (2) implementation (2015–2017), and (3) sustainability (2018–2019). The study population was comprised of 6377 patients discharged from 22 units of an acute care hospital. The performance of the PI risk assessment and reassessment, the application of special pressure management surfaces, and the presence of PIs were all monitored.ResultsForty‐four percent of patients (n = 2086) met the inclusion criteria. After implementing the program, the number of patients assessed (53.9%–79.5%), reassessed (4.9%–37.5%), the application of preventive measures (19.6%–79.7%), and the number of people identified with a PI in implementation (1.47%–8.44%) and sustainability (1.47%–8.8%) all increased.Linking Evidence to ActionThe implementation of the CCEC/BPSO® program achieved improved patient safety. Risk assessment monitoring, risk reassessment, and special pressure management surfaces were practices that increased during the study period and were incorporated by professionals to prevent PIs. The training of professionals was instrumental to this process. Incorporating these programs is a strategic line to improve clinical safety and the quality of care. The implementation of the program has been effective in terms of improving the identification of patients at risk and the application of surfaces.
A categorical derivation of Lebesgue integration
Authors: Leinster Tom 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe identify simple universal properties that uniquely characterize the Lebesgue spaces. There are two main theorems. The first states that the Banach space , equipped with a small amount of extra structure, is initial as such. The second states that the functor on finite measure spaces, again with some extra structure, is also initial as such. In both cases, the universal characterization of the integrable functions produces a unique characterization of integration. We use the universal properties to derive some of the basic elements of integration theory. We also state universal properties characterizing the sequence spaces and , as well as the functor taking values in Hilbert spaces.
Why Parallelism of Workpieces Becomes Convergent During Double-Sided Lapping?
Authors: Pan Bo , Kang Renke , Zhu Xu , Yang Zhe , Zhang Juntao , Guo Jiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDouble-sided lapping (DSL) is always employed as a precision process for machining flat workpieces, such as optical windows, wafers, and brake pads taking advantage of its high efficiency and parallelism. However, the mechanism of parallelism error reduced by the DSL process was rarely investigated. Furthermore, the relationship between parallelism and flatness was not clearly illustrated. To explain why the parallelism of workpieces becomes convergent by the DSL, a theoretical model has been developed in this paper by calculating the parallelism evolution with the consideration of various contact situations between workpieces and lapping plates for the first time. Moreover, five workpieces, including a slanted and four parallel ones, are applied to develop the parallelism evolution guaranteeing the model close to the actual process, and the mechanism of the parallelism error reduced by the DSL process is elucidated. The calculation result revealed that the parallelism was improved from 100.0 µm to 25.6 µm according to the proposed model. The experimental results showed that the parallelism error reduced from 108.6 µm to 28.2 µm, which was consistent with the calculation results.
Discrete Robust Control of Robot Manipulators Using an Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator
Authors: Padmanabhan Ram , Shetty Maithili , Chandar T. S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article presents the design of a robust observer based on the discrete-time (DT) formulation of uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE), a well-known robust control technique, for the purpose of controlling robot manipulators. The design results in a complete closed-loop, robust, and controller–observer structure. The observer incorporates the estimate of the overall uncertainty associated with the plant, in order to mimic its dynamics, and the control law is generated using an auxiliary error instead of state tracking error. A detailed qualitative and quantitative stability analysis is provided, and simulations are performed on the two-link robot manipulator system. Further, a comparative study with well-known control strategies for robot manipulators is presented. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique, with better tracking performance and lower control energy compared to other strategies.
Synergistic Effect of J-Shape Airfoil on the Performance of Darrieus-Type Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Naik Kabita , Sahoo Niranjan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDarrieus-type straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines (SB-VAWTs) are more appropriate for generating electricity than other VAWTs mostly suitable for regions having low to medium wind speed. The installation of SB-VAWTs faces start-up problems, which limits its applicability in low-wind speed environments. The start-up problem arises mainly due to the cross-sectional blade profile of the SB-VAWTs and is the crucial parameter used for blade design. To overcome this issue, the present investigation aims to study the influence of the J-shape airfoil with various opening ratios in the Darrieus-type SB-VAWTs in terms of starting torque and aerodynamic performance. The design of a J-shape airfoil is created by removing a portion toward the trailing edge of the conventional NACA 4415 airfoil on its upper or lower surface. This analysis displays a maximum power coefficient of 0.517, 0.512, 0.506, 0.498, and 0.488 when the Darrieus-type SB-VAWT utilizes upper cut J-shape airfoils with opening ratios of 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, and 0.4, respectively, at the tip speed ratio (TSR) of 1.6. These values are higher than the power coefficient (0.486) of conventional NACA 4415 airfoil at the same TSR. The SB-VAWT depicts a lower performance while it employs the lower cut J-shape airfoils. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that the power and torque coefficient of SB-VAWT improves by about 31% when the opening ratio of upper cut J-shape airfoil is varied from 0.1 to 0.8.
Analytical Modeling of Electronic and Photonic Materials Reliability: Perspective and Extension
Authors: Suhir E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this review is twofold: to show materials scientists, mechanical engineers, and reliability physicists not involved in electronics, photonics, microelectronic-mechanical-systems (MEMS), or MOEMS (optical MEMS) engineering what kind of value they could bring to this important “high-tech” area, as well as to demonstrate to “high-tech” engineers how they could benefit from the application of what has been developed, for many years, in the general field of physical design for reliability of materials and structures employed in various fields of engineering and applied science and what could be effectively applied to their body of knowledge. Accordingly, in the perspective part of the review, some critical and even paradoxical, i.e., a priori nonobvious, problems encountered in microelectronics and photonics materials science, reliability physics, and structural analysis are addressed using what could be called analytical (“mathematical”) modeling. The extension part has to do with some specific, mostly aerospace, recent applications of the probabilistic design for reliability concept and analytical modeling effort.
Tribological Performance of Laser Shock Peened Cold Spray Additive Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Ralls Alessandro M. , Mao Bo , Menezes Pradeep L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years, cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) has become an attractive technology for surface modification and protection. However, due to the intrinsic porous nature of CSAM coatings, they suffer from rapid material degradation due to premature brittle fracturing induced by tribological interactions. In this work, laser shock peening (LSP) was utilized as a post-processing technology to mitigate the surface porosity and augment the surface characteristics of CSAM 316L stainless steel (SS). Due to the synergistic influence of severe plastic deformation and rapid surface heating, the surface porosities were effectively healed, thus reducing the surface roughness. Combined with the surface-strengthening effects of LSP, the frictional resistance and transfer layer formation on the CSAM LSP surfaces were reduced. The underlying mechanisms for these findings were discussed by correlating the atomic, microstructural, and physical features of the LSP surfaces. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that LSP is indeed a useful technique to control the surface characteristics of CSAM 316L SS coatings.
100 Long-Distance Triathlons in 100 Days: A Case Study on Ultraendurance, Biomarkers, and Physiological Outcomes
Authors: Anderson Travis , van Mourik Reinier A. , Martin Kerry J. , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H. , Longoria Kevin A. 
Published: March 2023

The physical demands of a single long-distance triathlon (LDT) are sufficient to cause robust physiological perturbations. In this unique case study, an ultraendurance athlete completed 100 LDTs in 100 days (100LDT). Purpose: This study aims to describe and analyze this single athlete’s performance, physiological biomarkers, and sleep parameters throughout the 100LDT. Methods: An ultraendurance athlete completed an LDT (2.4-mile swim, 112-mile bike ride, and 26.2-mile marathon) each day for 100 consecutive days. Physical work, physiological biomarkers, and sleep parameters were recorded each night using a wrist-worn photoplethysmographic sensor. Clinical exercise tests were performed before and after the 100LDT. Time-series analysis assessed changes in biomarkers and sleep parameters across the 100LDT, and cross-correlations considered the associations between exercise performance and physiological metrics at varying time lags. Results: The swim and cycling performances varied across the 100LDT, while the run was relatively stable. Resting heart rate, heart-rate variability, oxygen saturation, sleep score, light sleep, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration were all best characterized by cubic models. Additional post hoc subanalyses suggest that the first half of the 100LDT most influenced these dynamics. Conclusions: The 100LDT resulted in nonlinear alterations to physiological metrics. This world record was a unique event but allows valuable insights into the limits of human endurance performance.
Do biomechanical foot-based interventions reduce patellofemoral joint loads in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kayll Samual A , Hinman Rana S , Bryant Adam L , Bennell Kim L , Rowe Patrick L , Paterson Kade L 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of biomechanical foot-based interventions (eg, footwear, insoles, taping and bracing on the foot) on patellofemoral loads during walking, running or walking and running combined in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, Embase and CENTRAL.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEnglish-language studies that assessed effects of biomechanical foot-based interventions on peak patellofemoral joint loads, quantified by patellofemoral joint pressure, reaction force or knee flexion moment during gait, in people with or without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis.ResultsWe identified 22 footwear and 11 insole studies (participant n=578). Pooled analyses indicated low-certainty evidence that minimalist footwear leads to a small reduction in peak patellofemoral joint loads compared with conventional footwear during running only (standardised mean difference (SMD) (95% CI) = −0.40 (–0.68 to –0.11)). Low-certainty evidence indicated that medial support insoles do not alter patellofemoral joint loads during walking (SMD (95% CI) = −0.08 (–0.42 to 0.27)) or running (SMD (95% CI) = 0.11 (–0.17 to 0.39)). Very low-certainty evidence indicated rocker-soled shoes have no effect on patellofemoral joint loads during walking and running combined (SMD (95% CI) = 0.37) (−0.06 to 0.79)).ConclusionMinimalist footwear may reduce peak patellofemoral joint loads slightly compared with conventional footwear during running only. Medial support insoles may not alter patellofemoral joint loads during walking or running and the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of rocker-soled shoes during walking and running combined. Clinicians aiming to reduce patellofemoral joint loads during running in people with patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis may consider minimalist footwear.
Prognostic models for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kostopoulos Georgios , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Toulis Konstantinos A , Karagiannis Thomas , Tsapas Apostolos , Haidich Anna-Bettina 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo provide a systematic review, critical appraisal, assessment of performance and generalisability of all the reported prognostic models for heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe performed a literature search in Medline, Embase, Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus (from inception to July 2022) and grey literature to identify any study developing and/or validating models predicting HF applicable to patients with T2D. We extracted data on study characteristics, modelling methods and measures of performance, and we performed a random-effects meta-analysis to pool discrimination in models with multiple validation studies. We also performed a descriptive synthesis of calibration and we assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence (high, moderate, low).ResultsFifty-five studies reporting on 58 models were identified: (1) models developed in patients with T2D for HF prediction (n=43), (2) models predicting HF developed in non-diabetic cohorts and externally validated in patients with T2D (n=3), and (3) models originally predicting a different outcome and externally validated for HF (n=12). RECODe (C-statistic=0.75 95% CI (0.72, 0.78), 95% prediction interval (PI) (0.68, 0.81); high certainty), TRS-HFDM (C-statistic=0.75 95% CI (0.69, 0.81), 95% PI (0.58, 0.87); low certainty) and WATCH-DM (C-statistic=0.70 95% CI (0.67, 0.73), 95% PI (0.63, 0.76); moderate certainty) showed the best performance. QDiabetes-HF demonstrated also good discrimination but was externally validated only once and not meta-analysed.ConclusionsAmong the prognostic models identified, four models showed promising performance and, thus, could be implemented in current clinical practice.
Aelian and the Gods of Comedy
Authors: Barrenechea Francisco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aelian offers a curious example of how comedy was tied to religion during the Second Sophistic. He describes a votive relief dedicated by the Old Comic poet Theopompus to Asclepius, which he interprets as a symbol of the genre (Theopomp. Com. test. 2 PCG = Ael. fr. 102 Domingo-Forasté). My article situates this passage within the style and purpose of Aelian’s miscellanies, in order to explore how he transforms it into a literary monument that testifies to the god’s concern for Old Comedy—a striking departure from the more negative perceptions of the genre in the literary culture of his time. I propose two possible origins for the anecdote that might illuminate Aelian’s symbolic treatment: an actual votive relief linked to the playwright in an Attic sanctuary of Asclepius, or a comedy by Theopompus himself.
‘I’ve Become a Lot Tougher’: Expatriate Teachers’ Experiences of Precarity and Resilience in Non-Traditional International Schools in China
Authors: Poole Adam , Bunnell Tristan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The arena of education known as ‘international schooling’ has grown enormously, from a body of 2,500 schools in 2000 to almost 13,500 by 2022. By 2019, China had emerged as having the most schools delivering a non-national curriculum in English outside of an English-speaking nation. The arena continues to be dominated by British and North American educators. One enduring aspect of workplace reality is the short-term contract, normally of between two and three years. The field is acknowledged to be inherently precarious and insecure, with high levels of turnover, and a bleak ‘negative’ lens of imagination has always persisted. This paper focuses attention on the lived experiences of expatriate teachers among the growing body of ‘non-traditional international schools’ that might be best termed ‘Chinese Internationalised Schools’. Through in-depth phenomenological interviewing of six expatriate teachers, the reality of ‘short-termism’ was examined. Whilst the findings highlighted, as expected, the negative aspects of short-term employment, the findings also identify many positive outcomes. These include opportunities for developing resilience, agency, and reinvention. This offers scope for a new vision, based upon the accumulation of ‘resilience’, which helps to explain the continuous growth of the arena despite the presence of precarity.
Efficacy and safety of vericiguat in heart failure: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Jianhua , Guo Sheng , Jiang Huan , Li Bo 
Published: March 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of vericiguat in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to 14 December 2022 for studies comparing vericiguat with placebo in patients with HF. Clinical data were extracted and cardiovascular deaths, adverse effects, and HF-related hospitalization were analyzed using Review Manager software (version 5.3), after quality assessment of the enrolled studies. Results Four studies (6705 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. There were no significant differences in the basic characteristics of the included studies. There was no significant difference in adverse effects between the vericiguat group and placebo group, and no significant differences between the groups in terms of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicated that vericiguat was not an effective drug for HF; however, more clinical trials are required to verify its efficacy.
The effect of the AN69 ST100 versus oXiris® membrane on filter life during CRRT for non-anticoagulated liver failure patients.
Authors: Naorungroj Thummaporn , Baldwin Ian , Eastwood Glenn , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: March 2023

Backgrounds: In patients with liver failure, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) without anticoagulation may be necessary. A new heparin coated membrane (oXiris®) may prolong circuit life in this setting. Objectives: In liver failure patients not receiving anticoagulation, to compare CRRT circuit life with the oXiris® versus the AN69 ST100 (usual care) membrane. Methods: Randomized single cross-over trial. Results: We studied 20 patients and 39 circuits. Twenty-five treatments used femoral and 14 internal jugular access catheters. Median circuit life was 21 h (IQR: 8.25–35.5) with the AN69 versus 16.0 h (14–25) with the oXiris® membrane ( p = 0.36). Median first circuit duration was 14 (11.25–23) h for the AN69 ST100 versus 16 (8 –26) for the oXiris® membrane. There was also no difference between the AN69 ST100 or oXiris® membrane circuits using femoral access at 13 (8 –22.5) versus 15.5 (12.5–21.5) h ( p = 0.57) or internal jugular access at 28 (13–47) versus 23 (21–29) h ( p = 0.79), respectively. Conclusions: The oXiris® heparin-grafted membrane does not appear to prolong circuit life in liver failure patients receiving CRRT without anticoagulation.