bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipating adaptation: tracking the impact of planned and unplanned adaptations during the implementation of a complex population-based genomic screening program
Authors: Allen Caitlin G , Judge Daniel P , Nietert Paul J , Hunt Kelly J , Jackson Amy , Gallegos Sam , Sterba Katherine R , Ramos Paula S , Melvin Cathy L , Wager Karen , Catchpole Ken , Ford Marvella , McMahon Lori , Lenert Leslie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In 2021, the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) launched In Our DNA SC. This large-scale initiative will screen 100,000 individuals in South Carolina for three preventable hereditary conditions that impact approximately two million people in the USA but often go undetected. In anticipation of inevitable changes to the delivery of this complex initiative, we developed an approach to track and assess the impact of evaluate adaptations made during the pilot phase of program implementation. We used a modified version of the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modification-Enhanced (FRAME) and Adaptations to code adaptations made during the 3-month pilot phase of In Our DNA SC. Adaptations were documented in real-time using a REDCap database. We used segmented linear regression models to independently test three hypotheses about the impact of adaptations on program reach (rate of enrollment in the program, rate of messages viewed) and implementation (rate of samples collected) 7 days pre- and post-adaptation. Effectiveness was assessed using qualitative observations. Ten adaptations occurred during the pilot phase of program implementation. Most adaptations (60%) were designed to increase the number and type of patient contacted (reach). Adaptations were primarily made based on knowledge and experience (40%) or from quality improvement data (30%). Of the three adaptations designed to increase reach, shortening the recruitment message potential patients received significantly increased the average rate of invitations viewed by 7.3% (p = 0.0106). There was no effect of adaptations on implementation (number of DNA samples collected). Qualitative findings support improvement in effectiveness of the intervention after shortening the consent form and short-term positive impact on uptake of the intervention as measured by team member’s participation. Our approach to tracking adaptations of In Our DNA SC allowed our team to quantify the utility of modifications, make decisions about pursuing the adaptation, and understand consequences of the change. Streamlining tools for tracking and responding to adaptations can help monitor the incremental impact of interventions to support continued learning and problem solving for complex interventions being delivered in health systems based on real-time data.
Barriers and facilitators to address vaping in Massachusetts schools: a mixed-methods study of school-based stakeholders
Authors: Liu Jessica , Roberts Jane , Reynolds Matthew J , Hanby Elaine , Gundersen Daniel A , Winickoff Jonathan P , Rees Vaughan W , Emmons Karen M , Tan Andy S L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We assessed vaping behaviors, environments, COVID-19 influences, and barriers and facilitators of existing approaches that address adolescent vaping in Massachusetts middle and high schools. Findings from this study will provide considerations for individual schools or districts as they advance adolescent vaping prevention and treatment efforts. We analyzed 310 open-ended comments from Massachusetts school administrators who completed a survey between November 2020 and January 2021. Further, we analyzed nine semi-structured interviews with administrators (e.g., principals, vice principals, school nurses) from Massachusetts school systems (n = 6) and school-based anti-tobacco advocates (n = 3); interviews took place between May and December 2021. Informed by Green’s PRECEDE model, we conducted a framework analysis using deductive codes based on the model constructs (enabling, reinforcing, and predisposing factors) and inductive codes of key themes emerging from the interviews. Challenges to addressing adolescent vaping included staff capacity, funding, and lack of mental health and counseling supports. The COVID-19 pandemic was a major barrier to conducting usual in-person vaping programs, but also reduced student vaping at school due to new social distancing practices and bathroom use policies. Facilitators of vaping interventions included peer-led initiatives and parental involvement. Participants discussed the importance of educating adolescents on the harms of vaping and the move toward alternatives-to-suspension programs rather than disciplinary action. School-based anti-vaping program implementers—such as school districts, state departments of education, or local health departments—will need to leverage facilitators such as peer-led initiatives, alternatives-to-suspension approaches, and parental involvement, to increase the potential impact of these programs.
Celastrol inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the FOXA1/CLDN4 axis
Authors: Peng Wei , Chen Lin , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Celastrol is a biologically active compound with potent anti-tumor properties. However, the mechanism of action of celastrol in gastric cancer (GC) has not been fully elucidated.

Methods
To explore the specific mechanism of the effect of celastrol on GC cells. GC cells were transfected with forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) or claudin 4 (CLDN4), or short hairpin RNA targeting FOXA1. The expressions of FOXA1 and CLDN4 in GC cells were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot. GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured by MTT assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between CLDN4 and FOXA1 was examined by luciferase reporter assay.

Resluts
CLDN4 and FOXA1 were upregulated in GC cells. Celastrol prevented the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells by downregulating FOXA1 expression. Overexpression of FOXA1 or CLDN4 accelerated GC progression. CLDN4 overexpression also induced the activation of the expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. FOXA1 enhanced the transcription of CLDN4.

Conclusion
Celastrol regulated GC progression via targeting the FOXA1/CLDN4 axis to impede the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our study proposed a new mechanism of how celastrol inhibited tumorigenesis in GC, which provided evidence for the potential use of celastrol for anti-GC treatment.
Assessment of the oxidative damage and apoptotic pathway related to furan cytotoxicity in cultured mouse Leydig cells
Authors: Aydin Yasemin , Yilmaz Buse , Dikbasan Yasemin U , Orta-Yilmaz Banu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch on heat-induced food contamination is being given more attention as a result of the health risks that have been publicly revealed in recent years. Furan is known as a colorless, combustible, heterocyclic aromatic organic molecule and is formed when food products are processed and stored. It has been established that furan, which is inevitably ingested, has a deleterious impact on human health and causes toxicity. Furan is known to have adverse effects on the immune system, neurological system, skin, liver, kidney, and fat tissue. Infertility caused by furan is a result of its damaging effects on several tissues and organs as well as the reproductive system. Although studies on the adverse effects of furan on the male reproductive system have been performed, there is no study revealing apoptosis in Leydig cells at the gene level. In this study, TM3 mouse Leydig cells were exposed to 250- and 2,500-μM concentrations of furan for 24 h. The findings demonstrated that furan decreased cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity while increasing lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and apoptotic cell rates. Furan also increased the expression of the important apoptotic genes Casp3 and Trp53 while decreasing the expression of another pro-apoptotic gene, Bcl2, and antioxidant genes Sod1, Gpx1, and Cat. In conclusion, these results imply that furan may cause loss of cell function in mouse Leydig cells responsible for testosterone biosynthesis by impairing the efficiency of the antioxidant system, possibly by inducing cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
CsRVE1 promotes seasonal greening of albino Camellia sinensis cv. Huangkui by activating chlorophyll biosynthesis
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Cao Jingjie , Cheng Xin , Zhu Wenfeng , Sun Ying , Wan Xiaochun , Liu Linlin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Seasonal greening is a crucial survival strategy for albino tea cultivars, during which dysfunctional chloroplasts recover and chlorophyll biosynthesis increases in albino leaves. However, the regulatory mechanisms of seasonal greening in albino tea plants remain unclear. Here, we report that CsRVE1, a nuclear-located Myb-like transcription factor, can positively modulate the seasonal greening of albino Camellia sinensis cv. Huangkui leaves by activating the expression of genes involved in light harvesting and chlorophyll biosynthesis. The transcriptional expression of CsRVE1 increased during seasonal greening and was tightly correlated with increases in the expression of genes involved in light harvesting (CsLhcb) and chlorophyll biosynthesis (CsCHLH, CsHEMA1 and CsCAO). In vivo and in vitro molecular analyses showed that CsRVE1 can directly bind to the promoters of CsLhcb, CsCHLH and CsPORA, eventually leading to chlorophyll accumulation in tea leaves. Furthermore, transient suppression of CsRVE1 in tea leaves led to a decrease in target gene expression. In contrast, the overexpression of CsRVE1 in Arabidopsis led to chlorophyll increases and the activation of AtLhcb, AtPORA, AtCHLH, etc. These results identify CsRVE1 as an important promoter of seasonal greening that functions by regulating genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in albino tea plants and shed new light on the regulatory mechanisms of leaf phenotypes in plants.
Drive Time to Addiction Treatment Facilities Providing Contingency Management across Rural and Urban Census Tracts in 6 US States
Authors: Joudrey Paul J. , Chen Kevin , Oldfield Benjamin J. , Biegacki Emma , Fiellin David A. 
Published: April 2023

Objective
We examined drive times to outpatient substance use disorder treatment providers that provide contingency management (CM) and those that integrate CM with medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) services in 6 US states

Methods
We completed cross-sectional geospatial analysis among census tracts in Delaware, Louisiana, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New York, and West Virginia. We excluded census tracts with a population of zero. Using data from the 2020 Shatterproof substance use treatment facility survey, our outcome was the minimum drive time in minutes from the census tract mean center of population to the nearest outpatient CM provider, outpatient CM provider with MOUD services, and federally qualified health centers (FQHC). We stratified census tracts by 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes and by state.

Results
The population was greater than zero in 11,719 of 11,899 census tracts. The median drive time to the nearest CM provider was 12.2 [interquartile range (IQR), 7.0–23.5) minutes and the median drive time to the nearest CM provider increased from 9.7 (IQR, 6.0–15.0) minutes in urban census tracts to 38.8 (IQR, 25.4–53.0) minutes in rural (H = 3683, P < 0.001). The median drive time increased to the nearest CM provider with MOUD services [14.2 (IQR, 7.9–29.5) minutes, W = 18,877, P < 0.001] and decreased to the nearest FQHC [7.9 (IQR, 4.3–13.6) minutes, W = 11,555,894, P < 0.001].

Conclusions
These results suggest limited availability of CM, particularly within rural communities and for patients needing concurrent CM and MOUD treatment. Our results suggest greater adoption of CM within FQHCs could reduce urban-rural disparities in CM availability.
Structural effects on custom, flexible iris prostheses passing through injector systems
Authors: Tuzun Serra E. , Snyder Michael E. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
To determine the suitability of various commercially available intraocular lens injection systems for the implantation of custom, flexible artificial irides of various sizes, both with and without fiber meshwork.

Setting:
Cincinnati Eye Institute, Blue Ash, Ohio.

Design:
Laboratory study.

Methods:
Custom, flexible iris prostheses, both with and without fiber meshwork, were either maintained at a 12.8 mm diameter or trephinated to a 10 mm diameter and subsequently inserted through 7 different intraocular lens injector systems. The ease of load, difficulty of injection, control of injection, and level of prosthetic distortion, if any, were observed and recorded.

Results:
The fiber-free devices universally passed through the injectors unaffected. Each of the iris prostheses with embedded fiber meshwork appeared grossly distorted after injection. The injection systems had differing amounts of effort to load the device into the cartridge, to advance the prosthetic through the system, and varying levels of control when the prosthetic was released, although all the systems delivered the device effectively.

Conclusions:
Any of the 7 injection systems tested in this study can be used effectively for fiber-free artificial irides. Caution should be taken to ensure that control of insertion is maintained throughout the injection process. Screw-type injectors required less effort and yielded more control than plunger-type injector. Fiber meshwork–containing artificial irides should not be inserted through an injector.
Effect of multi-strain probiotics as an anti-obesity among overweight and obese Saudi adults
Authors: Almalki Samira M. , Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Al-Juhani Mariam Eid , Alfawaz Hanan A. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Obesity is classified as a low-grade chronic and systemic inflammatory disease and results from complicated interactions between genes and environmental factors, which leads to many diseases and affects the quality of life. There are growing interests in the effectiveness of probiotics as a supplementation to reduce obesity through regulating microbiota host metabolism. Probiotics may influence the interplays among gut, brain, adipose, and liver in a way leading to weight. Since limited studies have been conducted on human subjects, more investigation is needed in this field. Therefore, this study sheds light on the investigation of the anti-obesity effect of probiotic supplementation.

Methods:
Ninety adult Saudi overweight or obese adult will be enrolled in this clinical trial and randomized to receive daily placebo or probiotics “MCP® BCMC® strains” for 12 weeks in a double-blind study. Biochemical markers will be measured through blood samples analyzed. Measurements and samples will be obtained at baseline and by the end of the study, at 12 weeks of treatment.

Discussion:
This study expects that the multi-strain probiotic product will induce beneficial changes in gut microbiota (GM) including reduction in weight, especially the visceral fat, which leads to reduction in systemic inflammatory state associated with fat accumulation.
Bilateral endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: A case report
Authors: Wang Hao , Chang Yongye , Zhang Yifan , Yang Rong , Shi Huijun , Zhang Minglian 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is a challenging condition. There are no universally accepted diagnostic or management protocols. We share a case of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis who was successfully treated, focusing on the diagnostic and treatment procedures.

Patient concerns:
A 31-year-old female with a history of fungal vaginitis and tinea corporis presented with progressive visual decrease in both eyes after having an induced abortion. Her best corrected visual acuity at presentation was 20/1000 in her right eye and 20/250 in her left eye. Upon slit lamp examination, mild inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber was found. Dilated fundus examination revealed a hazy view of the optic disc and posterior retina, and there was a whitish mass with “string and pearls” just in front of the macular region in each eye.

Diagnoses:
Bilateral fungal endogenous endophthalmitis was diagnosed empirically, which was confirmed later by deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing and culture of intraocular fluid.

Interventions:
Oral itraconazole and intravitreal voriconazole were administered to the patient at first. The intraocular inflammation was partially responsive to the medication, yet the visual acuity persisted to deteriorate and the vitreous whitish masses became more prominent. Then vitrectomy procedures were carried out and oral itraconazle was switched to intravenous fluconazole. The antifungal treatment lasted for 8 weeks.

Outcomes:
The intraocular inflammation alleviated and visual acuity improved after vitrectomy. At the 9-month follow-up visit, the patient’s best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. There was no intraocular inflammatary reaction, and retinal scar was noticed in each eye.

Lesson:
Early and correct diagnosis, coupled with prompt and aggressive treatment, is crucial for cases of fungal endogenous endophthalmitis. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing techniques can contribute to early diagnosis, while vitrectomy may be necessary when antifungal medication is insufficient in controlling the condition.
Prevalence of Elevated ALT in Adolescents in the US 2011–2018
Authors: Mischel Anna K. , Liao Zhengxu , Cao Fangyi , Dunn Winston , Lo Joan C. , Newton Kimberly P. , Goyal Nidhi P. , Yu Elizabeth L. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study is to characterize suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a diverse and nationally representative cohort of adolescents and to characterize higher ALT elevation in adolescents with obesity.

Methods:
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 were analyzed for adolescents 12–19 years. Participants with causes for elevated ALT other than NAFLD were excluded. Race and ethnicity, sex, body mass index (BMI), and ALT were examined. Elevated ALT was defined as >22 U/L (females) and >26 U/L (males) using the biologic upper normal limit (ULN). Elevated ALT thresholds up to 2X-ULN were examined among adolescents with obesity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of race/ethnicity and elevated ALT, adjusting for age, sex, and BMI.

Results:
Prevalence of elevated ALT in adolescents was 16.5% overall and 39.5% among those with obesity. For White, Hispanic, and Asian adolescents, prevalence was 15.8%, 21.8%, and 16.5% overall, 12.8%, 17.7%, and 27.0% in those with overweight, and 43.0%, 43.5%, and 43.1% in those with obesity, respectively. Prevalence was much lower in Black adolescents (10.7% overall, 8.4% for overweight, 20.7% for obesity). Prevalence of ALT at 2X-ULN was 6.6% in adolescents with obesity. Hispanic ethnicity, age, male sex, and higher BMI were independent predictors of elevated ALT.

Conclusions:
Prevalence of elevated ALT in U.S. adolescents is high, affecting 1 in 6 adolescents during 2011–2018. The risk is highest in Hispanic adolescents. Asian adolescents with elevated BMI may comprise an emerging risk group for elevated ALT.
Salmonella meningitis, an unusual complication of salmonella species: a case report from Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Himal Bikram , Rayamajhi Sushil , Bhattarai Madhur , Bhandari Sujata , Acharya Suryakiran , Uprety Manish , Yonghang Sapana , Kadel Gareema , Bhusal Sandhya , Joshi Sajeev 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Salmonella meningitis, caused by a Gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is an uncommon but serious complication of Salmonella infection that can result in high mortality rates, significant neurological damage, and a high relapse rate, and has become a leading cause of Gram-negative bacterial meningitis in the developing world.

Case presentation:
A 16-year-old boy presented with high-grade fever and altered sensorium for 2 days associated with vomiting, headache, and photophobia.

Case discussion:
After invading the abdominal barrier, Salmonella can enter bloodstream and rarely present with meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and culture supported with other investigations can diagnose bacterial meningitis and its causative agent. Adequate treatment is essential to completely cure and prevent relapse.

Conclusion:
Given its invasive nature and potential serious consequences, such as relapse and antibiotic resistance, prompt, and appropriate treatment of Salmonella meningitis is essential.
Microsurgery of large falcine meningiomas: postoperative results at 1 year: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Xuan , Nguyen Nhan Pham-Sy , Doan Ha Thi-Ngoc , Nguyen Bac Thanh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Performing microsurgery with the support of navigation in falcine meningioma management shows significant impacts in short and middle-time follow-up, including unilaterally skull opening with smallest and nearest skin incision, lessen the surgical duration, limit blood transfusion and prevent tumours from recurrence.

Materials and methods:
Sixty-two falcine meningioma patients treated by microoperation applying neuronavigation were enroled from July 2015 to March 2017. Patients are evaluated before and 1 year after surgery according to The Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) for comparison.

Results:
Histopathology: the most common was fibrous meningioma with 32.26%; meningothelial meningioma was 19.35% and transitional meningioma was 16.13%. KPS I before surgery was 6.45% and after was 83.87%. KPS III who needed assistance in activities preoperation was 64.52% and postoperation was 1.61%. After surgery, there was no disabled patient. All patients were followed up a year after surgery and received MRI to evaluate the recurrence. After 12 months, there were three recurrent cases, accounted for 4.84%.

Conclusions:
Microsurgery under neuronavigation help brings significant improvement in patient’s functional abilities and low recurrence of falcine meningiomas within 1-year post-surgery. Further studies with large sample size and longer follow-up duration should be performed to reliably evaluate safety and effectiveness of microsurgical neuronavigation in the management of the disease.
A cardiac injury and pericardial tamponade following a stab wound to the chest: a case report
Authors: Naseer Osama R. , Rishi Mahjoub B. , Alsherbini Mohamed G. , Sahoub Haytham A. , Gelia Abdulhakim , Elside Essam , Taggaz Khaled S. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction and importance:
A stab wound in the heart is associated with high mortality rates. Rapid patient transfer to the closest hospital, maximal speed in establishing a diagnosis, and highly trained prompt surgical intervention are all crucial to achieving a positive result in the treatment of these critical patients.

Case presentation:
This report presents a 28-year-old man with a stab wound to the chest, causing pericardial tamponade and a myocardial injury that presented with shock. The patient was diagnosed by chest ultrasonography and operated on successfully after 45 min of the stab without complications.

Clinical discussion and conclusion:
Cardiac repair should be attempted as soon as possible if the patient with the stab wound to the heart is not dead upon arrival. The time from the stabbing to the start of the operation is vital, and any delay in the operation may lose the patient. Glasgow Coma Scale could be considered as predicting variable for complications or mortality in patients with stab heart wounds.