bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Use and Outcomes of Colonoscopy in Individuals Older Than 75 Years
Authors: El Halabi Jessica , Burke Carol A. , Hariri Essa , Rizk Maged , Macaron Carole , McMichael John , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceThe benefits from colorectal cancer (CRC) screening may take 10 to 15 years to accrue. Therefore, screening is recommended for older adults who are in good health.ObjectiveTo determine the number of screening colonoscopies done in patients older than 75 years with a life expectancy of fewer than 10 years, diagnostic yield, and associated adverse events within 10 days and 30 days of the procedure.DesignThis cross-sectional study with a nested cohort between January 2009 and January 2022 in an integrated health system assessed asymptomatic patients older than 75 years who underwent screening colonoscopy in the outpatient setting. Reports with incomplete data, any indication other than screening, patients who had a colonoscopy within the previous 5 years, and patients with a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease or CRC were excluded.ExposuresLife expectancy based on a prediction model from previous literature.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the percentage of screened patients who had limited (&amp;lt;10 years) life expectancy. Other outcomes included colonoscopy findings and adverse events that developed within 10 days and 30 days of the procedure.ResultsA total of 7067 patients older than 75 years were included. The median (IQR) age was 78 (77-79) years, 3967 (56%) were women, and 5431 (77%) were White with an average of 2 comorbidities (taken from a select group of comorbidities). The proportion of colonoscopies performed on patients with a life expectancy of fewer than 10 years aged 76 to 80 years was 30% in both sexes and increased with age—82% of men and 61% of women aged 81 to 85 years (71% total), and 100% of patients beyond the age of 85 years. Adverse events requiring hospitalizations were common at 10 days (13.58 per 1000) and increased with age, particularly among patients older than 85 years. The detection of advanced neoplasia varied from 5.4% among patients aged 76 to 80 years to 6.2% in those aged 81 to 85 years and 9.5% among patients older than 85 years (P = .02). Of the total population, 15 patients (0.2%) had invasive adenocarcinoma; among patients with a life expectancy of fewer than 10 years, 1 of 9 was treated, whereas 4 of 6 patients with a life expectancy of greater than or equal to 10 years were treated.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study with a nested cohort, most screening colonoscopies performed in patients older than 75 years were in patients with limited life expectancy and associated with increased risk of complications. Colorectal cancer was exceedingly rare.
Inorganic Filler Enhanced Formation of Stable Inorganic‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Guo Chi , Du Kang , Tao Runming , Guo Yaqing , Yao Shuhao , Wang Jianxing , Wang Deyu , Liang Jiyuan , Lu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium metal (LM) is a promising anode material for next generation lithium ion based electrochemical energy storage devices. Critical issues of unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) and dendrite growth however still impede its practical applications. Herein, a composite gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), formed through in situ polymerization of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate with fumed silica fillers, is developed to achieve high performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs). As evidenced theoretically and experimentally, the presence of SiO2not only accelerates Li+transport but also regulates Li+solvation sheath structures, thus facilitating fast kinetics and formation of stable LiF‐rich interphase and achieving uniform Li depositions to suppress Li dendrite growth. The composite GPE‐based Li||Cu half‐cells and Li||Li symmetrical cells display high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90.3% after 450 cycles and maintain stability over 960 h at 3 mA cm−2and 3 mAh cm−2, respectively. In addition, Li||LiFePO4full‐cells with a LM anode of limited Li supply of 4 mAh cm−2achieve capacity retention of 68.5% after 700 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1). Especially, when further applied in anode‐free LMBs, the carbon cloth||LiFePO4full‐cell exhibits excellent cycling stability with an average CE of 99.94% and capacity retention of 90.3% at the 160th cycle at 0.5 C.
Organogels versus Hydrogels: Advantages, Challenges, and Applications
Authors: Kuzina Mariia A. , Kartsev Dmitrii D. , Stratonovich Alexander V. , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganogels are an important class of gels, and are comparable to hydrogels owing to their properties as liquid‐infused soft materials. Despite the extensive choice of liquid media and compatible networks that can provide a broader range of properties, relatively few studies are reported in this area. This review presents the applicability of organogels concerning their choice of components, unique properties, and applications. Their distinctive features compared to other gels are discussed, including multi‐stimuli responses, affinity to a broad range of substances, thermal and environmental stability, electronic and ionic conductivity, and actuation. The active role of solvents is highlighted in the versatility of organogel properties. To differentiate between organogels and other gels, these are classified as gels filled with different organic liquids, including highly polar organic solvents and binary solvent systems. Most promising applications of organogels as sophisticated multifunctional materials are discussed in light of their unique features.
An Iminostilbene Functionalized Benzimidazoline for Enhanced n‐Type Solution Doping of Semiconducting Polymers for Organic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Rossi Pietro , Pallini Francesca , Coco Giulia , Mattiello Sara , Tan Wen Liang , Mezzomo Lorenzo , Cassinelli Marco , Lanzani Guglielmo , McNeill Christopher R. , Beverina Luca , Caironi Mario 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDoped organic semiconductors play a central role in the development of several innovative optoelectronic and energy harvesting applications. Currently, the realization of thermoelectric generators, which require both hole‐ and electron‐transporting materials with high electrical conductivity, is strongly hindered by the scarce availability of stable solution‐processable n‐dopants and their limited efficiency. Herein, the synthesis of 4‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐dibenzazepine (IStBI), a novel derivative belonging to the well‐known family of the benzimidazoline compounds, is presented. The functionalization with the planarized and rigid iminostilbene substituent allows, without significantly affecting the compound electronic structure, an efficient intercalation of the dopant molecules inside the ordered regions of thin films of the benchmark n‐type polymer poly(N,N′‐bis‐2‐octyldodecylnaphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis‐dicarboximide‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐5,5′‐2,2′‐bithiophene) P(NDI2OD‐T2). Consequently, a maximum electrical conductivity of (1.14 ± 0.13) × 10−2 S cm−1 is recorded, exceeding by one order of magnitude what previously achieved upon solution doping of the reference P(NDI2OD‐T2) with benzimidazoline derivatives. The thermoelectric power factor is also simultaneously increased. The findings confirm that tailoring of the dopant chemical structure to improve structural interactions with the host semiconductors can be employed as a successful strategy to achieve more effective n‐doping, helping to close the performance gap with p‐type materials.
Highly Sensitive and Color Adaptable Polyurethane‐Based Strain Sensors with Embedded Silver Nanowires
Authors: Liu Yuemei , Lyu Pei , Hu Jun , Tang Wenyang , Huang Ya , Wang Baoshun , Xu Weilin , Liu Xin , Zhang Rufan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWearable strain sensors are expected to meet the requirements of high sensitivity, facile fabrication, and high aesthetics to realize practical applications. However, reported sensitive strain sensors fail to exhibit multicolor due to high light absorption. Herein, a flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and color‐exhibition ability is fabricated by half‐embedding silver nanowires (AgNWs) into dyeable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) films through thermal annealing. A sheet resistance of 11.5 Ω sq−1 and a transmittance above 79.9% at 550 nm is obtained for intact AgNWs/TPU films. A gauge factor of 34 797 is achieved at a tensile strain of 9%, indicating the high sensitivity for monitoring tiny movement changes. Besides, the high transparency allows color exhibition after dying. The multicolor AgNWs/TPU films are further rolled into rod‐shaped yarns and weaved with commercial yarns to form wearable colorful electronics.
Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Microchannels in Transparent Hard Materials
Authors: Lu Yue , Li Yun‐Fei , Wang Gong , Yu Yu , Bai Zhenxu , Wang Yulei , Lu ZhiWei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe excellent characteristics of transparent hard materials such as high hardness, high transparency, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance enable their applications in microfluidic substrates even in harsh environments. Microchannels are important parts in microfluidic systems, and the preparation of microchannel structures in transparent hard materials deserves further in‐depth study. The traditional processing method is contact processing with large thermal influence and low processing efficiency, so it is impossible to obtain complex microchannels with high quality and high aspect ratio. The femtosecond laser processing is a non‐contact processing approach with no thermal damage, high processing accuracy, and easy to form complex microchannels, making it the best choice for processing microchannels in transparent hard materials. This work reviews the recent advances in femtosecond laser processing of transparent hard materials to form microchannel structures, focusing on the reaction mechanism, processing methods, and the obtained microchannel structures, including surface microchannels, 2D microchannels, and 3D microchannels. Furthermore, the application of microchannel structure in microfluidic field, including optical inspection and biochemical reaction, is also described.
In Vitro Study on AI‐PRS Enabled Precision Cocktail Drugs Design for Treating Human Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Hsin‐Yu , Goudar Venkanagouda S. , Hung Yi‐Chi , Ouyang Chih‐Hsuan , Rashid Masturah Bte Mohd Abdul , Juo Liang‐Yi , Wu Jen‐Kuei , Cheng Ya‐Wen , Wei Po‐Li , Tzeng Huey‐En , Jiang Jeng‐Kai , Chow Edward Kai‐Hua , Yang Chih‐Yung , Ho Chih‐Ming , Yen Yun , Tseng Fan‐Gang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third most common cancer in the world. Due to the development of treatment resistance, the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic agents against CRC has reached a plateau. Drug activity depends on the entire physiological response; therefore, drug‐dose parameters cannot be designed efficiently by using conventional prediction‐based methodologies. In this work, the AI‐PRS (artificial intelligence‐based phenotypic response surface) platform is successfully applied to find optimal drug‐dose combinations in vitro from a pool of ten approved drugs. The AI‐PRS platform optimizes effective drug‐dose combinations without reference to molecular pathways or drug interaction data. With the aid of AI‐PRS platform, efficient one, two, three, and four drug‐dose combinations from in vitro studies are found. Of hundreds of combinations, regorafenib (R)/gemcitabine (G)/cetuximab (C)/5‐fluorouracil (U) drug‐dose combination exhibits the best activity on four CRC cell lines, two circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and one patient derived xenografts (PDX) cell lines. The three‐drug combination of R/G/U shows the highest toxicity (70%) in the PDX cell line. Four‐drug combination of R/G/C/U displays the best toxicity (80%) in in vitro cultured CTCs. The findings from the present derived cells reveal the prospective validation of the AI‐PRS platform, which may help identify customized and highly efficient drug‐dose combinations for future CRC treatment.
DOPA Residues Endow Collagen with Radical Scavenging Capacity**
Authors: Kurth Markus , Barayeu Uladzimir , Gharibi Hassan , Kuzhelev Andrei , Riedmiller Kai , Zilke Jennifer , Noack Kasimir , Denysenkov Vasyl , Kappl Reinhard , Prisner Thomas F. , Zubarev Roman A. , Dick Tobias P. , Gräter Frauke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHere we uncover collagen, the main structural protein of all connective tissues, as a redox‐active material. We identify dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) residues, post‐translational oxidation products of tyrosine residues, to be common in collagen derived from different connective tissues. We observe that these DOPA residues endow collagen with substantial radical scavenging capacity. When reducing radicals, DOPA residues work as redox relay: they convert to the quinone and generate hydrogen peroxide. In this dual function, DOPA outcompetes its amino acid precursors and ascorbic acid. Our results establish DOPA residues as redox‐active side chains of collagens, probably protecting connective tissues against radicals formed under mechanical stress and/or inflammation.
Synergy of Cu/C3N4 Interface and Cu Nanoparticles Dual Catalytic Regions in Electrolysis of CO to Acetic Acid
Authors: Yan Xupeng , Zhang Menglu , Chen Yizhen , Wu Yahui , Wu Ruizhi , Wan Qiang , Liu Chunxiao , Zheng Tingting , Feng Rongjuan , Zhang Jing , Chen Chunjun , Xia Chuan , Zhu Qinggong , Sun Xiaofu , Qian Qingli , Han Buxing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrochemical reduction reaction of carbon monoxide (CORR) offers a promising way to manufacture acetic acid directly from gaseous CO and water at mild condition. Herein, we discovered that the graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) supported Cu nanoparticles (Cu−CN) with the appropriate size showed a high acetate faradaic efficiency of 62.8 % with a partial current density of 188 mA cm−2 in CORR. In situ experimental and density functional theory calculation studies revealed that the Cu/C3N4 interface and metallic Cu surface synergistically promoted CORR into acetic acid. The generation of pivotal intermediate −*CHO is advantage around the Cu/C3N4 interface and migrated *CHO facilitates acetic acid generation on metallic Cu surface with promoted *CHO coverage. Moreover, continuous production of acetic acid aqueous solution was achieved in a porous solid electrolyte reactor, indicating the great potential of Cu−CN catalyst in the industrial application.
High‐Current Capable and Non‐Flammable Protic Organic Electrolyte for Rechargeable Zn Batteries
Authors: Raza Bareera , Zhang Yu , Chen Jiahang , Shamraiz Umair , Zhang Yang , Naveed Ahmad , Wang Jiulin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRechargeable Zinc batteries (RZBs) are considered a potent competitor for next‐generation electrochemical devices, due to their multiple advantages. Nevertheless, traditional aqueous electrolytes may cause serious hazards to long‐term battery cycling through fast capacity fading and poor Coulombic efficiency (CE), which happens due to complex reaction kinetics in aqueous systems. Herein, we proposed the novel adoption of the protic amide solvent, N‐methyl formamide (NMF) as a Zinc battery electrolyte, which possesses a high dielectric constant and high flash point to promote fast kinetics and battery safety simultaneously. Dendrite‐free and granular Zn deposition in Zn‐NMF electrolyte assures ultra‐long lifespan of 2000 h at 2.0 mA cm−2/2.0 mAh cm−2, high CE of 99.57 %, wide electrochemical window (≈3.43 V vs. Zn2+/Zn), and outstanding durability up to 10.0 mAh cm−2. This work sheds light on the efficient performance of the protic non‐aqueous electrolyte, which will open new opportunities to promote safe and energy‐dense RZBs.
Zinc(II) complexation strategy for ultra‐sensitive fluorimetric estimation of molnupiravir: Applications and greenness evaluation
Authors: Salman Baher I. , Hara Mohammed A. , El Deeb Sami , Ibrahim Adel E. , Saraya Roshdy E. , Ali Marwa F. B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe endemicity of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection proved to be transitional only. Spikes are forming again in 2023, and high expectations are returning for reinfections and viral mutations. Molnupiravir (MOL) has been approved as an oral antiviral drug for the treatment of the COVID‐19 causative virion. Therefore, the development of an ultrasensitive, instantaneous, and cost‐effective method for the quantification of MOL in real plasma samples and formulated dosage form are mandatory. The proposed approach is based on the synthesis of a MOL metal‐chelation product. MOL as a ligand was chelated with 1.0 mM zinc(II) in an acetate buffer (pH 5.3). After illumination at 340 nm, the intensity of the MOL fluorescence measured at 386 nm was increased by about 10‐fold. The linearity range was found to be from 60.0 to 800.0 ng mL−1 with limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 28.6 ng mL−1. Two methods were utilized for measuring the greenness of the proposed method (Green Analytical Procedure Index [GAPI] and analytical greenness metric [AGREE] methods), with results equal to 0.8. The binding stoichiometry of MOL with the zinc(II) ion was found to be 2:1. All the experimental parameters were optimized and validated using International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and United States Food and Drug Administration (US‐FDA) recommendations. Furthermore, the fluorescent probes were successfully utilized in real human plasma with high percentages of recovery (95.6%–97.1%) without any matrix interferences. The mechanism of fluorescent complex formation was confirmed using 1H NMR in the presence and absence of Zn(II). The method was further utilized for testing content uniformity of MOL in its marketed capsule dosage forms.
Coordination Dynamics of Iron is a Key Player in the Catalysis of Non‐heme Enzymes
Authors: Zhang Jinyan , Wu Peng , Zhang Xuan , Wang Binju 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMononuclear nonheme iron enzymes catalyze a large variety of oxidative transformations responsible for various biosynthesis and metabolism processes. Unlike their P450 counterparts, non‐heme enzymes generally possess flexible and variable coordination architecture, which can endow rich reactivity for non‐heme enzymes. This Concept highlights that the coordination dynamics of iron can be a key player in controlling the activity and selectivity of non‐heme enzymes. In ergothioneine synthase EgtB, the coordination switch of the sulfoxide radical species enables the efficient and selective C−S coupling reaction. In iron(II)‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent (Fe/2OG) oxygenases, the conformational flip of ferryl‐oxo intermediate can be extensively involved in selective oxidation reactions. Especially, the five‐coordinate ferryl‐oxo species may allow the substrate coordination via O or N atom, which may facilitate the C−O or C−N coupling reactions via stabilizing the transition states and inhibiting the unwanted hydroxylation reactions.
Activity Regulation of Fenton/Fenton‐like Reactions in Single‐Atom Catalysis
Authors: Liang Xiao , Wang Dingsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOn the one hand, Fenton‐like reactions are common side reactions in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) could damage the active sites of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), thereby affecting the stability of the catalysts. On the other hand, the Fenton‐like reaction could generate radicals with strong oxidative properties, which could be used in the degradation of pollutants and tumor therapy. In this review, we summarize strategies to limit the occurrence of Fenton‐like reactions and improve the stability of SACs. In addition, the promotion of Fenton‐like reactivity of SACs and its application in related fields are also concluded.
Plasma‐catalytic Ammonia Synthesis via Eley‐Rideal Reactions: A Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Rouwenhorstm Kevin H. R. , Lefferts Leon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe reaction mechanism of plasma‐catalytic ammonia synthesis is not fully understood. MgO supported Ru, Co, Pt, Pd, Cu and Ag catalysts are tested in a DBD plasma at temperature between room temperature and 500 °C and plasma power between 3.8 W and 6.4 W. The resulting ammonia production in the presence of a plasma and a catalyst can be distinguished into (1) temperature‐independent plasma‐based ammonia synthesis, and (2) temperature‐dependent plasma‐catalytic ammonia synthesis. Turn‐over‐frequencies (TOF) are calculated based on the rate of the second pathway and chemisorption data, measuring the number of active sites. Underestimation of TOFs caused by ammonia decomposition was minimized by using exclusively observations at low ammonia concentration. The kinetic results suggest that the Eley‐Rideal reaction between N radicals from the plasma with chemisorbed H atoms is the rate‐determining step for plasma‐catalytic ammonia synthesis on Ru/MgO, Co/MgO, Pt/MgO, Pd/MgO, and Cu/MgO, with apparent activation barriers in the range 18–24 kJ mol−1. In contrast, the apparent activation barrier on Ag/MgO is significant higher at 30 kJ mol−1, suggesting a shift in rate determining step. The low H coverage on Ag may induce a shift to a Langmuir‐Hinshelwood pathway, via adsorption of N radicals on the metal surface.
Redox Convergent Synthesis and Reactivity of a Cobalt(III)‐Pentasulfido Compound
Authors: Atta Sayan , Majumdar Amit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new mononuclear cobalt(III)‐pentasulfido compound, [(L)Co(S5)] (3) has been synthesized by using a convergent redox reaction between elemental sulfur and two new cobalt(II)‐thiolato compounds, [(L)Co(SR)] (R=Ph, 2 a; 2,6‐Me2‐C6H4, 2 b), which in turn were synthesized from a dimeric cobalt(II) complex, [(L)2Co2]2+ (1). Compound 3 features a low‐spin, diamagnetic, Co(III) center with a coordinated pentasulfido (S52−) chain and has no precedence in the literature. Compound 3 is highly stable towards reduction with a potential of −1.36 V (vs. Cp2Fe+/Cp2Fe) and gives back 1 upon chemical/electrochemical reduction. Reaction of 3 with phosphines yields back 1 and phosphine sulfides, while protonation of the coordinated S52− chain in 3 leads to the formation of 1, elemental sulfur and H2S. Finally, transfer of the coordinated S52− chain in 3 to selected organic compounds, such as MeI, PhCH2Br and PhCOCl, for the generation of organopolysulfido compounds has been demonstrated.
Mechanisms of the Reaction of Elemental Sulfur and Polysulfides with Cyanide and Phosphines**
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Champagne Pier Alexandre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe reactions of elemental sulfur (S8) and polysulfides with nucleophiles are relevant to organic synthesis, materials science and biochemistry, but the mechanisms by which they operate are still unknown due to the inherent thermodynamic and kinetic instability of polysulfide intermediates. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the ωB97X‐D/aug‐cc‐pV(T+d)Z/SMD(MeCN) // ωB97X‐D/aug‐cc‐pVDZ/SMD(MeCN) level of theory, we studied the mechanisms behind the reaction of elemental sulfur and polysulfides with cyanide and phosphines, which quantitatively generate the monosulfide products thiocyanate and phosphine sulfides, respectively. All plausible pathways including nucleophilic decomposition, unimolecular decomposition, scrambling reactions, and attack on thiosulfoxides, have been considered to provide the first comprehensive mechanistic picture for this class of reactions. Overall, intramolecular cyclization is identified as the most favorable decomposition pathway for long polysulfides. For short polysulfides, a mixture of unimolecular decomposition, nucleophilic attack, and scrambling pathways can be expected.