bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional intelligence in the food system: Combining food, health, data and AI expertise
Authors: McCarthy Danielle I. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTransformative change is needed across the food system to improve health and environmental outcomes. As food, nutrition, environmental and health data are generated beyond human scale, there is an opportunity for technological tools to support multifactorial, integrated, scalable approaches to address the complexities of dietary behaviour change. Responsible technology could act as a mechanistic conduit between research, policy, industry and society, enabling timely, informed decision making and action by all stakeholders across the food system. Domain expertise in food, nutrition and health should always be integrated into both the development and continuous deployment of AI‐powered nutritional intelligence (NI) to ensure it is responsible, accurate, safe, useable and effective. Dietary behaviours are complex and improving diet‐related health outcomes requires socio‐cultural‐demographic considerations within the design and deployment of NI tools. This article describes existing examples of NI within the food system and future opportunities. Human‐in‐the‐loop approaches with food, health and nutrition experts involved at all stages including data acquisition, processing, output validation and ongoing quality assurance are essential to ensure evidence‐based practice. The same ethical considerations should apply in this domain as in any other (e.g. privacy, inclusivity, robustness, transparency and accountability) and responsible practice must encompass rigorous standards and alignment with regulatory frameworks. Critical today and in the future is accessibility to appropriate high‐quality food compositional data sets, which include up‐to‐date information on commercially available products that reflect the constantly evolving food landscape to realise the potential of responsible AI to help address the existing food system challenges.
Advice to early career nutritionists on working in and with the food industry
Authors: Mela David J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEarly career researchers (ECRs) in nutrition and related fields often wish to approach commercial organisations for possible funding or collaboration in scientific projects and other activities. However, ECRs may experience challenges from their limited experience, lack of understanding of the food industry and concerns about working practices and research integrity. This commentary is oriented toward providing some basic, practical guidance for nutritionist scientists, to help in developing credible, principled and effective working relationships with the food industry. Based on the author's experience as an academic and industry researcher, and an advisor to academic‐industry collaborative projects, the text addresses a range of related aspects including: understanding and approaching the food industry; the industry environment and drivers; contracts, confidentiality and communication; potential challenges; and ensuring scientific integrity.
A test of the Grant–Stebbins pollinator‐shift model of floral evolution
Authors: Moir Matthew , Butler Hannah , Peter Craig , Dold Tony , Newman Ethan 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Pollinators are thought to play a key role in driving incipient speciation within the angiosperms. However, the mechanisms underlying floral divergence in plants with generalist pollination systems, remains understudied.
Brunsvigia gregaria displays significant geographical variation in floral traits and are visited by diverse pollinator communities. Because pollinators are often shared between populations, we investigated whether specific pollinators are responsible for driving floral divergence between them.
Three distinct ecotypes were identified, each dominated by three different pollinators: bees, swallowtail butterflies, and long‐proboscid flies. Across seven populations, we found a pattern of association between style length and the morphology of pollinators that visit the flowers most frequently and contact the reproductive parts most often. Furthermore, we found significant linear, quadratic and correlational selection on flower number, tepal length and style length within the butterfly‐ and bee‐dominated populations. We also found partial evidence for divergent selection on these traits between experimental sites.
Our findings suggest that a handful of key pollinators that vary in their importance have the potential to drive population‐level divergence in floral traits, which may lead to pollination ecotype formation.
Uncertainties around net‐zero climate targets have major impact on greenhouse gas emissions projections
Authors: den Elzen Michel G. J. , Dafnomilis Ioannis , Nascimento Leonardo , Beusen Arthur , Forsell Nicklas , Gubbels Joost , Harmsen Mathijs , Hooijschuur Elena , Araujo Gutiérrez Zuelclady , Kuramochi Takeshi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlobally, more than 100 countries have adopted net‐zero targets. Most studies agree on how this increases the chance of keeping end‐of‐century global warming below 2°C. However, they typically make assumptions about net‐zero targets that do not capture uncertainties related to gas coverage, sector coverage, sinks, and removals. This study aims to analyze the impact of many uncertainty factors on the projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 for major emitting countries following their net‐zero pathways, and their aggregate impact on global GHG emissions. Global emission projections range from 23 to 40 gigatons of CO2 equivalent (GtCO2eq), with a median of 31 GtCO2eq. Our full range corresponds to about 40–75% of 2015 emission levels, which is much wider than the range of 30–45% reported by various integrated assessment models. The main factors contributing to this divergence are the uncertainty in the gas coverage of net‐zero targets and uncertainty in the socioeconomic baseline. Countries with net‐zero GHG targets by 2050 have a small range of 2050 emissions, while countries with net‐zero targets beyond 2050 and unclear coverage, such as China, India, and Indonesia, have a large range of emissions by 2050.
Linking policy design and policy diffusion to advance both theories: Evidence from the elements, attributes, and adoptions of Uniform Law Commission model legislation
Authors: Jansa Joshua M. , Mallinson Daniel J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe integrate the study of policy design and diffusion theoretically and empirically to advance each and raise novel research questions. We argue that policy dissemination is an important rationale in the design of model legislation and present a theory for how each of the five elements of design map onto the policy innovation attribute of complexity. Empirically, we both hand code policy design elements and use a novel textual approach to measure policy complexity across 84 model policies promulgated by the Uniform Law Commission, an interstate organization that writes model laws with input from 50 state delegations of lawmakers and disseminates the bills for passage in as many states as possible. We assess how the elements of policy design map onto a policy's textual complexity. Additionally, we find that more complex policies are less likely to be adopted and are slower to be adopted, though the strength of this relationship depends on the measurement approach. We conclude with the future directions of this research, including how new text analysis tools and large policy datasets can help to solve important measurement and analysis challenges.
How Stock Prices Behave in Response to Institutional Development: A Four‐Factor Asset Pricing Model
Authors: Hafeez Abida , Jagirani Tahir Saeed , Hunt Anthony K. , Hameed Ayesha , Ejaz Sarmad , Ejaz Faisal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study empirically explains the stochastic behaviour of stock returns from January 2004 to December 2018 in Pakistan. Carhart's Four‐Factor Asset Pricing model is analysed using the time‐varying risk premium GARCH‐in‐Mean framework technique to establish the risk–return relationship in the Pakistan Stock Exchange. The results indicate that the effects of beta, size, value and momentum effect‐based portfolios significantly highlight a relation between risk and return. The predicted return volatility across all sorts of portfolios is rather considerable. The nonsynchronous trading effect and persistent return volatility are both visible in the Pakistan Stock Exchange. The study also distinguishes the stock price behaviours after financial liberalisation in 2009.
Chest wall lift for thoracoscopic lung lobectomy: Technique and results in two cats
Authors: Aertsens Adrien , Tsoi Helen , Esala Micah , Wheeler Emily P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo report the technique and outcomes of utilizing chest wall lift to perform thoracoscopic surgery in two cats.Study designShort case series.AnimalsClient‐owned cats (n = 2).MethodsA geriatric cat was referred for pleural effusion secondary to a left cranial lung lobe mass. A thoracoscopic exploration of the left hemithorax was planned with a lift device used for laparoscopy and attached to a ceiling mount. A young cat was referred for a foreign body lodged in the right caudal bronchus. Attempted bronchoscopic retrieval was unsuccessful. Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy was planned using a bent Steinmann pin as a lift device placed at the eighth intercostal space, along one of the cannula.ResultsThoracic lift was achieved with the patient in right lateral recumbency for the first cat, leading to immediate improvement in the oxygenation and ventilation status of the patient while simultaneously allowing for continued thoracoscopic exploration of the hemithorax. With two additional ports, thoracoscopic dissection of the adhesions was performed prior to thoracoscopic assisted lung lobectomy at the fourth intercostal space. For the second cat, thoracic lift was performed with the patient in left lateral recumbency and allowed successful 3‐port thoracoscopic lung lobectomy. No complication related to the use of either lift device was noted.ConclusionChest wall lift improved anesthesia respiratory status in one cat and increased the working space to perform thoracoscopic procedures in both cats.Clinical significanceThis novel and simple technique could increase working space without anesthesia impairment, allowing thoracoscopic procedures in selected feline patients.
Chronic Carriage of Leptospira interrogans Genotype Associated With the Australis Serogroup by Naturally‐Infected Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) at a Wildlife Health Centre in Northwestern France
Authors: Ayral Florence , Botman Julie , Le Guyader Marine , Ramery Eve , Gourlay Philippe 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLeptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by bacteria in the genus Leptospira. Basic epidemiological information is crucial to mitigating disease risk but is lacking for leptospirosis; notably, the hosts responsible for maintaining Leptospira remain largely unknown. Frequently observed near human habitations, hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are taken to wildlife rescue centres when found sick or injured. Thus, they may pose a risk to human and animal health if they carry pathogenic Leptospira.AimsThis study aimed to describe Leptospira carriage in a hedgehog population and the potential clinical impacts of the infection.Material and MethodWe investigated Leptospira carriage frequency and diversity in urine samples from 69 hedgehogs at a wildlife rescue centre, between April and June 2022. We used quantitative PCR, typing of the 16S rRNA and lfb1 genes, variable number tandem repeat and multispacer sequence typing to characterise Leptospira DNA. An analysis of urinary biochemical parameters was conducted to assess renal function.ResultsWe detected Leptospira DNA in 25 (35%) of the urine samples, of which 21 were successfully typed. The latter analysis revealed a limited degree of genetic diversity. L. interrogans (n = 19) predominated, and the only genotype detected was related to the Australis serogroup (n = 17). We also noted the presence of L. borgpetersenii (n = 1) and L. kirschneri (n = 1). There was no relationship between infection status and urinalysis parameters.ConclusionThese results suggest hedgehogs may act as long‐term shedders of Leptospira in natural ecosystems.
Relationship of Age and Running Biomechanics in Female Recreational Runners
Authors: Hamilton Heather M. , Bennett Hunter J. , Mariano Mira , Kakar Rumit Singh 
Published: January 2025

Middle-age and older runners demonstrate differences in running biomechanics compared with younger runners. Female runners demonstrate differences in running biomechanics compared with males, and females experience hormonal changes during menopause that may also affect age-related changes in running biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age and running biomechanics in healthy female recreational runners. Fifty-two participants (ages 27–65 y) ran on an instrumented treadmill at 2 different self-selected speeds: easy pace and 5 km race pace. Lower-extremity kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated from 14 consecutive strides. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between age and lower-extremity running biomechanics, controlling for self-selected running speed. There was a negative relationship between age and easy pace (R = −.49, P < .001) and age and 5 km race pace (R = −.43, P = .001). After controlling for self-selected running speed, there were no significant relationships between age and running biomechanics for either running speed. Several biomechanical variables were moderately to strongly correlated with running speed. Running speed should be considered when investigating age-related differences in running biomechanics.
Joint Associations of Sedentary Time and Intensity-Specific Physical Activity With Cancer Mortality: A Device-Based Cohort Study of 72,458 UK Adults
Authors: Rezende Leandro F.M. , Ahmadi Matthew , Ferrari Gerson , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Lee I-Min , Friedenreich Christine M. , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: January 2025

Background: There are no studies examining the prospective joint association of device-based measures of sedentary time and physical activity (PA) with cancer mortality. We examined the joint associations of sedentary time and intensity-specific PA with cancer mortality in 72,458 adults from UK Biobank. Methods: Participants wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their dominant wrist for at least 3 days (with at least 1 weekend day). Cox regression was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for joint associations of sedentary time and intensity-specific PA (light [LPA], moderate [MPA], and vigorous PA [VPA]) with cancer mortality (reference group: high intensity-specific PA and low sedentary time) adjusted for confounders and mutually adjusted for other PA intensities. Results: Associations between sedentary time and cancer mortality were stronger among participants with low PA, irrespective of the intensity. Compared with participants with lower sedentary time (<11 h/d) and high MPA (median of 49 min/d), HR were 1.27 (95% CI, 0.90–1.78) for high sedentary time and high MPA, 1.35 (95% CI, 1.03–1.77) for high sedentary time and medium MPA (49 min/d), and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.15–1.92) for high sedentary time and low MPA (13 min/d). HR for high sedentary time and low light PA (61 min/d) and high sedentary time and low vigorous PA (1 min/d) were 1.25 (95% CI, 1.02–1.59) and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.20–2.06), respectively. Conclusions: Relatively large amounts of LPA and MPA and small amounts of VPA appeared to attenuate the association between sedentary time and cancer mortality.
A Concussion Management Policy Change Promoted Earlier Initiation of Rehabilitation Services and Improved Clinical Recovery Outcomes in Concussion
Authors: Teel Elizabeth F. , Dobney Danielle , Friedman Deborah , Grilli Lisa , Beaulieu Christine , Gagnon Isabelle J. 
Published: January 2025

Context: In line with emerging research, an interprofessional specialty concussion clinic instituted a policy change permitting earlier physiotherapy-based treatment entry. Our objective was to determine the effect of this policy change on concussion recovery outcomes. Design: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected clinical data. Methods: 600 youth with concussion were included. Active rehabilitation was initiated ≥4 weeks (prepolicy) or ≥2 weeks (postpolicy) postconcussion based on institutional policy. Cox proportional hazard models, linear mixed models, and chi-square analyses were conducted. Results: The postpolicy group (median = 22 d [interquartile range: 17–27]) started treatment earlier than the prepolicy group (median = 26 d [interquartile range: 24–30], P < .001). Length of episode of care (χ2(1) = 11.55, P < .001, odds ratios = 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.88); rehabilitation (χ2(1) = 9.47, P = .002, odds ratios = 1.73, 95% confidence interval, 1.22–2.45]); and total recovery (χ2(1) = 11.53, P < .001, odds ratios = 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.88) were reduced in patients postpolicy change. A significant interaction effect was found for total postinjury symptom (F2,320 = 3.59, P = .03) and symptom change scores (F2,315 = 5.17, P = .006), with the postpolicy group having faster symptom resolution over time. No group differences were observed for persisting symptoms. Conclusions: Earlier rehabilitation initiation occurred as intended following an institutional policy change, which had small, but significant, effects on recovery outcomes in youth with concussion. Health care providers should adopt policies to encourage early active rehabilitation services after concussion.
Loaded Open Kinetic Chain Exercises Caused More Anterior Tibial Translation and Anteromedial Graft Elongation Than Closed Kinetic Chain Following Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Ling , Yang Yangyang , Xia Chunjie , Wang Cong , Qiu Jiayu , Chen Jiebo , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Zhao Jinzhong , Wang Shaobai 
Published: January 2025

Context: To further improve rehabilitation programs while preventing overstretching the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a thorough understanding of the knee kinematics and ACL length change during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises is essential. The measurement of ACL graft length relates to the changes in strain experienced by the ACL graft during different types of exercises rather than simple physical length. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of closed kinetic chain and OKC exercises on tibiofemoral kinematics and ACL graft length changes following double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); level of evidence, 3. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: Fifteen patients who underwent double-bundle ACL reconstruction were asked to perform 10-kg loaded seated knee extension (OKC-10) and single-leg lunge. During the seated knee extension, patients were instructed to extend and flex the knee within a range of 0° to 90° of flexion, with a 10-kg load applied to the ankle. For the lunge, patients began in a natural standing position and were instructed to flex the ACL-reconstructed knee to approximately 90°. Interventions: The 3-dimensional tibiofemoral kinematics under different weight-bearing conditions were determined using a dual-fluoroscopic imaging system. Main Outcome Measures: The tibiofemoral kinematics in 6 degrees-of-freedom were measured. And 3-dimensional ligament simulation technique was used to quantify length changes of the anteromedial bundle and posterolateral bundle. Results: The tibia exhibited significantly more external rotation during the OKC-10 motion than during the single-leg lunge from 35° to 70° of knee flexion (P ≤ .028). Beyond 30° of knee flexion, the tibia exhibited significantly more varus during the OKC-10 motion than during the single-leg lunge (P ≤ .028). And a significantly more anterior tibial translation was observed during the OKC-10 motion than during the lunge from 0° to 15° of flexion (P ≤ .018). The anteromedial bundle length was significantly longer during the OKC-10 motion than during the lunge between 0° and 25° of knee flexion (P ≤ .028). Conclusions: The effects of OKC exercises with loads on knee rotational stability should be considered in making rehabilitation programs for patients after ACL reconstruction. Since some degree of anterior tibial translation is physiological, it is important to note that increased translation alone does not necessarily indicate danger or instability.
A co-designed health education model to improve outcomes for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties: a study of acceptability, feasibility and impacts
Authors: Garvey William , Chen Lingling , Oberklaid Frank , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo assess the acceptability and impacts of a co-designed health education model aiming to improve outcomes for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties.DesignQualitative focus group study.SettingSix primary schools from metropolitan and rural settings in the state of Victoria, Australia.Participants36 educators who engaged with the intervention between July and December 2021.InterventionCo-designed community of practice, led by a paediatrician, with fortnightly tailored case-based discussions aiming to build educator capacity to identify and support children with emotional and behavioural difficulties.Main outcome measuresAt the completion of the intervention, all educators were invited to participate in focus groups with their school group. The lead author facilitated the groups. Semistructured questions guided the sessions focusing on the motivation of participants, their experience of the intervention, its impact on their work and suggestions for possible improvements and impact upon their own well-being. Sessions were audio recorded, and field notes were taken by the facilitator. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was carried out to evaluate the data collected.Results36 of 46 educators completed six focus groups (one per school). Participants were highly motivated due to the mental health needs of their students. Participants experienced the intervention as stimulating and providing practical strategies. Participants discussed the positive impact it had on their capacity to support children with emotional and behavioural difficulties as well as their own well-being.ConclusionsThe intervention is highly acceptable to educators, and evaluating this intervention with a larger sample will inform expansion.