bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Split-Dose Thiopurine vs Low-Dose Thiopurine-Allopurinol Cotherapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Cococcioni Lucia , Pensabene Licia , Puoti Maria Giovanna , El-Kouly Sara , Chadokufa Sibongile , Buckingham Raechel , Gaynor Edward , Saliakellis Efstratios , Kiparissi Fevronia , Borrelli Osvaldo 
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Split-dose thiopurine and allopurinol-thiopurine cotherapy strategies have been suggested as rescue therapeutic options for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impaired thiopurine metabolism. We compared the efficacy and safety of these regimens in patients who previously failed conventional thiopurine treatment.

METHODS:
Children with IBD treated with split-dose thiopurine or low-dose thiopurine-allopurinol cotherapy were retrospectively identified. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, treatment regimen, reason for thiopurine failure, side effects, and discontinuation of treatment. Laboratory findings were evaluated at different time points.

RESULTS:
After prior therapeutic failure, 42 patients were on split-dose regimen (group A) and 20 patients were on thiopurine-allopurinol cotherapy (group B). Twelve patients crossed from group A to group B because of treatment failure, 1 patient was lost at follow-up, and 1 patient discontinued the treatment. The final cotherapy group comprised 29 children (group C), while the split-dose group (group D) included 31 children. Intention-to-treat analysis showed significant differences between split-dose regimen and thiopurine-allopurinol cotherapy for 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN)/6-methyl mercaptopurine (6-MeMP) ratio (P < 0.001), 6-TGN (P < 0.05), and 6-MeMP (P < 0.001) at 1–3 months. As per protocol analysis, there was a significant difference between group C and group D at 6 months for 6-MeMP (P < 0.05) and 6-TGN/6-MeMP ratio (P < 0.05) and at 12 months for 6-MeMP (P < 0.05) and 6-TGN/6-MeMP ratio (P < 0.001). Side effects were more frequent in allopurinol-thiopurine cotherapy (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
In children with IBD and impaired thiopurine metabolism, split-dose thiopurine and low-dose thiopurine-allopurinol cotherapy are both effective therapeutic strategies. The latter shows higher efficacy but a higher side effect rate, suggesting the use of split-dose regimen as the first-line approach.
Mekanisme Pelaksanaan Prinsip Checks And Balances Antara Lembaga Legislatif Dan Eksekutif Dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: Pulungan Rizky Andrian Ramadhan , A.L.W Lita Tyesta 
Published: February 2023

Mekanisme checks and balances dalam proses pembentukan Undang-Undang memiliki dampak positif yaitu dapat mencegah dominasi dan kesewenangan dari salah satu lembaga dan negative yaitu ketika tidak ditemukan kesepakatan dalam perundingan, yang berimbas pada kebentukan dan penghentikan proses pembuatan undang-undang. Penelitian menganalisis pengaturan pelaksanaan mekanisme checks and balances antara lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif dalam pembentukan Undang-Undang serta realisasi mekanisme checks and balances antara lembaga lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif apakah dapat diwujudkan dalam proses pembentukan Undang-Undang. penelitian ini menggunakan metode penulisan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis serta sumber data penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder. Hasil pembahasan bahwa Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat selaku lembaga legislatif memegang kekuasaan dalam membentuk Undang-Undang, tetapi dalam proses pembentukan Undang-Undang tersebut harus melibatkan presiden selaku lembaga eksekutif khususnya dalam proses pembahasan Rancangan Undang Undang tingkat II untuk mendapatkan persetujuan bersama dan Presiden tetap mengambil peran untuk mengambil sikap dan mengontrol pelaksanaan pembahasan tingkat II mengenai Rancangan Undang Undang, sehingga mencerminkan terwujudnya checks and balances antara DPR dan Presiden. Mekanisme checks and balances antara lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif dalam pembentukan Undang-Undang dapat diwujudkan walaupun tidak adanya hak veto Presiden.
Effect of surface oxides on tritium entrance and permeation in FeCrAl alloys for nuclear fuel cladding: a review
Authors: Garud Yogendra S. , Rebak Raul B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys are being considered for the cladding of uranium dioxide fuel in light water reactors (LWRs). FeCrAl alloys have good mechanical properties at temperatures of 300 °C and higher, and have superlative resistance to attack by steam at temperatures of up to 1000 °C and higher. A concern has been raised that the use of FeCrAl for cladding would result in a higher content of tritium in the reactor coolant as compared with the current system where the cladding is a zirconium based alloy. This review shows that the flux of tritium from the fuel rod cavities to the coolant across the fuel cladding wall will be greatly reduced by the presence of oxides on the surface of the cladding. The review of current literature and permeation data show that (a) protective oxides are expected to be present on both sides of the FeCrAl cladding, and (b) depending on the characteristics of these oxide layers it is reasonable to expect about two–three orders of magnitude reduction in tritium permeation, relative to the permeation response in clean, unoxidized condition for FeCrAl steels of interest, around 277 °C–377 °C temperatures.
Normal bone density but altered geometry in girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Schweizer Roland , Mayer Judith , Binder Gerhard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Data on bone density and stability in Turner syndrome (TS) are contradictory. A confounding factor for interpretation is short stature. The aim was to measure bone density, geometry and stability in girls with TS compared to idiopathic short stature (ISS).

Methods
From 1999 to 2008, 59 girls with TS (35 prepubertal) were evaluated by pQCT. Mean age was 8.9 in prepubertal and 17.3 years in adolescent girls. Mean height was −3.1 and −1.8 SDS in prepubertal treatment-free and in adolescent, formerly rhGH-treated girls. For comparison, 18 prepubertal ISS girls were studied (age 7.7 years; height −3.3 SDS). Examination of radius with pQCT (XCT 2000). Cortical (CD) and trabecular density (TD), total bone area (TBA), cortical area (CA), cortical thickness, muscle area and strength strain index (SSI) were determined and compared with height related references.

Results
In prepubertal girls with TS, TD and CD were normal (0.55 and 0.90 SDS) and comparable to ISS (0.95 and 1.53 SDS). TBA was greater in girls with TS than in ISS (0.87 vs. −0.33 SDS) whereas CA was similar (1.48 vs. 1.43 SDS). The SSI was comparable (1.61 vs. 1.56 SDS). Adolescent girls with TS showed similar results with a TD of 0.48 SDS, a CD of −0.32, TBA of 1.99, a CA of −0.05 and an SSI of 0.88 SDS.

Conclusions
The observations are consistent with normal bone density and stability but altered bone geometry in prepubertal and substituted adolescent girls with TS. This peculiarity may reflect SHOX deficiency. We therefore think that timely and adequate estrogen substitution could prevent bone loss in TS.
Evaluation of a nurse-led counselling intervention on selected outcome variables for parents of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Verma Poonam , Sharma Sunita , Kaur Sukhwinder , Rohilla Latika , Malhi Prahbhjot , Dayal Devi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Long-term care of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has psycho-social implications for parents. Experts recommend a customized educational program for parents to facilitate their psychological adaptation and improve disease management. Such educational programs often provided by nurse counsellors are well evaluated in developed countries. There is a dearth of data on nurse-led counselling in the context of less developed countries. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a nurse-led counselling intervention on various psycho-social outcomes among parents of children with CAH.

Methods
Fifty consecutive parents of children with CAH attending an outpatient clinic at a tertiary-care teaching hospital were enrolled. Parents’ stress level, stigma, knowledge, practices, and treatment adherence were assessed by using Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), DSD Stigma scale, and HILL-Bon Medication Adherence Scale (HB-MAS). Three educational counselling sessions were conducted within a month’s gap, using PowerPoint presentations and a booklet. Assessment of outcomes was done at baseline and at the end of the third session.

Results
At baseline, the majority (90%) of the parents had moderate stress. Half of the parents had mild and the rest had moderate stigma. After the intervention, the majority (94%) of parents had shifted to mild levels of stress and stigma. At baseline, 86% of the parents had poor knowledge about the disease whereas post-intervention, 80% were having good knowledge. Disease management practices and treatment adherence also improved after the intervention.

Conclusions
Nurse-led counselling was effective in reducing psycho-social problems, increasing knowledge, as well as improving practices and treatment adherence.
Evaluation of Re/99mTc-labeled somatostatin receptor-targeting peptide complexes synthesized via direct metal cyclization
Authors: Makris George , Li Yawen , Gallazzi Fabio , Kuchuk Marina , Wang Jing , Lewis Michael R. , Jurisson Silvia S. , Hennkens Heather M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With interest in the development of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) targeting agents for potential application in diagnostic SPECT imaging (99mTc) or Peptide Radionuclide Receptor Therapy (PRRT, 186Re or 188Re) of neuroendocrine tumors, we present herein 99mTc/Re (radio)complexes synthesized by the integrated (radio)labeling approach of peptide cyclization via metal complexation. In particular, we utilized the potent SSTR2 peptide antagonist sequence DOTA-4-NO2-Phe-c(DCys-Tyr-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Cys)-DTyr-NH2 (DOTA-sst2-ANT) and report the syntheses and in vitro evaluations of its respective [99mTc]Tc/Re-cyclized peptides ([99mTc]Tc/Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT). The Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT complex was synthesized via an on-resin Re(V)-cyclization reaction using the ReOCl3(PPh3)2 precursor and consisted of three isomers characterized by LC–ESI-MS. The [99mTc]Tc-cyclized analogue was prepared via a ligand exchange reaction of the [99mTc][TcO]3+ core through a [99mTc]Tc-glucoheptonate intermediate with linear DOTA-sst2-ANT and was characterized by comparative HPLC studies against Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT. Good in vitro binding affinity was demonstrated in SSTR-expressing cells (AR42J) by the Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT major isomer, similar to the potent binder Lu-DOTA-sst2-ANT, in which the Lu metal was complexed by the bifunctional chelator DOTA versus via peptide cyclization. [99mTc]Tc-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT was obtained in high radiochemical yield, also with an elution pattern of three isomers observed by HPLC analysis, which were comparable yet not identical to those of Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT. The [99mTc]Tc-tracer complex was shown to be hydrophilic, and stability studies at 4 h demonstrated that it remained intact in both PBS and in rat serum, with low non-specific rat serum protein binding, while exhibiting more moderate stability in 1 mM cysteine. These findings demonstrate that direct Re/[99mTc]Tc-cyclization of DOTA-sst2-ANT is feasible and may be used as an alternative approach to the bifunctional chelate labeling strategy. However, given that the non-radioactive (Re) and radiotracer (99mTc) analogues are not identical and both form isomeric products in equilibrium, additional design modifications will be necessary prior to in vivo application of [99mTc]Tc/Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT.
A review of the application of three-dimensional convolutional neural networks for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using neuroimaging
Authors: Xu Xinze , Lin Lan , Sun Shen , Wu Shuicai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder that leads to progressive, irreversible cognitive decline. To obtain an accurate and timely diagnosis and detect AD at an early stage, numerous approaches based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using neuroimaging data have been proposed. Because 3D CNNs can extract more spatial discrimination information than 2D CNNs, they have emerged as a promising research direction in the diagnosis of AD. The aim of this article is to present the current state of the art in the diagnosis of AD using 3D CNN models and neuroimaging modalities, focusing on the 3D CNN architectures and classification methods used, and to highlight potential future research topics. To give the reader a better overview of the content mentioned in this review, we briefly introduce the commonly used imaging datasets and the fundamentals of CNN architectures. Then we carefully analyzed the existing studies on AD diagnosis, which are divided into two levels according to their inputs: 3D subject-level CNNs and 3D patch-level CNNs, highlighting their contributions and significance in the field. In addition, this review discusses the key findings and challenges from the studies and highlights the lessons learned as a roadmap for future research. Finally, we summarize the paper by presenting some major findings, identifying open research challenges, and pointing out future research directions.
Body Composition of Competitive Bodybuilders: A Systematic Review of Published Data and Recommendations for Future Work
Authors: Bauer Pascal , Majisik Alan , Mitter Benedikt , Csapo Robert , Tschan Harald , Hume Patria , Martínez-Rodríguez Alejandro , Makivic Bojan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bauer, P, Majisik, A, Mitter, B, Csapo, R, Tschan, H, Hume, P, Martínez-Rodríguez, A, and Makivic, B. Body composition of competitive bodybuilders: a systematic review of published data and recommendations for future work. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 726–732, 2023—The purpose of this review was to systematically summarize studies measuring the body composition of competitive bodybuilding athletes to provide recommended values for preparation and during competition. The protocol was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42020197921) and followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. A search of 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and Scopus) was conducted to retrieve all relevant publications from January 1, 2000, up to June 13, 2021. Of 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, 6 presented longitudinal data on competition preparation and were discussed in detail. In the general preparation phase, body fat levels of bodybuilding athletes ranged between 15.3 and 25.2% (female) and from 9.6 to 16.3% (male). Close to competition, however, body fat levels were substantially lower, ranging from 8.1 to 18.3% for female and 5.8–10.7% for male athletes. All studies comparing relative body fat values at various time points during competition preparation found significant reductions between 30 and 60% in relative body fat, whereas lean mass was mostly maintained. Findings from the studies included in this review suggest that most bodybuilding competitors keep resistance training volume high while increasing aerobic training volume when preparing for competition. Findings on energy intake and macronutrient distribution were unclear and should be addressed in future studies. Further research, especially on contest preparation, is warranted and should include more details about training programs, nutritional strategies, psychosocial situation, anabolic androgen steroid, and supplement use as well as measurement protocols and preparation.
Postexercise Arterial Compliance and Hemodynamic Responses to Various Durations and Intensities of Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Karabulut Murat , Bitting Margarita , Bejar Jorge 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Karabulut, M, Bitting, M, and Bejar, J. Postexercise arterial compliance and hemodynamic responses to various durations and intensities of aerobic exercise. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 589–596, 2023—The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various aerobic training protocols using different intensities and durations on arterial compliance and hemodynamic responses. Seventeen male subjects (age = 23.1 ± 2.8 years) performed a maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max) test, followed by 3 randomly assigned exercise test sessions, each on a separate day. At the beginning of each test session, pre-exercise baseline assessments of arterial elasticity, hemodynamic variables, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed after a 10-minute rest. After baseline measurements, participants performed either a bout of aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 60 minutes at 65% of V̇o
2max (60min); 20 minutes at 40% of V̇o
2max (20min); or for 20 minutes at 40% of V̇o
2max with blood flow restriction (BFR; 20min-BFR). All baseline measurements were repeated at the completion of each testing session. Significance for this study was set at p ≤ 0.05. The 60min session resulted in significant increases in small artery elasticity (SAE) compared with the 20min-BFR session (p < 0.03) and decreases in both systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and total vascular impedance (TVI) compared with both 20min sessions (p < 0.01). The carotid to radial PWV was significantly lower after both the 60min and the 20min-BFR sessions compared with the 20min session (p < 0.02). The findings indicate that the duration and the intensity of exercise are important factors for improving SAE, SVR, and TVI. In addition, 20min-BFR at 40% V̇o
2max may result in site-specific modifications in PWV that is comparable with those seen after 60 minutes of exercise at 65% V̇o
2max.
Similar Responses in the Akt/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway Following Different Lower-Body Exercise Volumes in Recreationally Active Men
Authors: Pearson Jeremy R. , Moodie Nicole , Stout Kevan W. , Hawkins William C. , Matuszek Mallory , Graham Zachary A. , Siedlik Jacob A. , Vardiman John P. , Gallagher Philip M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pearson, JR, Moodie, N, Stout, KW, Hawkins, WC, Matuszek, M, Graham, ZA, Siedlik, JA, Vardiman, JP, and Gallagher, PM. Similar responses in the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway after different lower-body exercise volumes in recreationally active men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—This project examined the differences between a single set (SS) compared to multiple sets (MS) of resistance exercise on the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the receptor for IGF-1 (IGF-1R) to better understand the types of resistance training protocols that are most beneficial in stimulating the muscle hypertrophic response. Sixteen healthy men were randomly selected into 2 groups of 8. Subjects in each group received 3 biopsies: (a) before exercise, (b) 15 minutes postexercise, and (c) 180 minutes postexercise. Subjects in the SS group performed 1 set of leg press to failure at 80% of their predetermined 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Subjects in the MS group performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions and 1 set to failure at 80% of their predetermined 1RM, with 3 minutes of rest between each set. Our results indicated no group × time interactions in the concentration of Akt signaling proteins. Furthermore, there were no group × time interactions in IGF-1 or IGF-1R expression. However, phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 levels increased 150% from pre to 180 minutes post (p = 0.005). In addition, there was a significantly greater increase in IGF-1R expression in the SS group compared with the MS group (7.99 ± 10.07 vs. 4.41 ± 6.28; p = 0.026). Collectively, we found that a SS of resistance training evokes a similar acute Akt/PKB pathway response as MS in recreationally active men.
Variations in Physical and Competitive Performance of Highly Trained Sprinters Across an Annual Training Season
Authors: Loturco Irineu , Fernandes Victor , Bishop Chris , Mercer Valter P. , Siqueira Felipe , Nakaya Katsuhico , Pereira Lucas A. , Haugen Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLoturco, I, Fernandes, V, Bishop, C, Mercer, VP, Siqueira, F, Nakaya, K, Pereira, LA, and Haugen, T. Variations in physical and competitive performance of highly trained sprinters across an annual training season.J Strength Cond Res37(5): 1104–1110, 2023—We assessed the changes in sprint, jump, and power parameters across the annual training cycle and tested the longitudinal correlations among these variables in top-level sprinters. Thirteen sprinters training with 4 different Olympic sprint coaches were sequentially assessed over 14 months, from January 2019 to March 2020, within 4 consecutive training camps. Performance tests were conducted as follows: standing long jump, squat and countermovement jumps, 10-m and 60-m sprint time, and maximum power output in the half-squat, jump-squat, and hip-thrust exercises. The competitive results of the sprinters throughout the study period were also recorded and analyzed. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the physical measurements between different testing sessions. A Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to examine the longitudinal relationships between changes in speed-related and power-related parameters. Percentage change was computed and compared with coefficient of variation values to determine whether changes in performance metrics were higher than the test variance, thus providing an indication of whether true changes occurred on an individual basis. Overall, sprinters did not exhibit significant changes in sprint speed, jumping ability, and power output. In addition, variations in competitive times (i.e., 100 m races) followed a similar pattern, within an average range of ±1.36%, for both male and female sprinters. As expected, top-level sprinters presented only small variations in physical and competitive performance over time. Nevertheless, the use of an individual statistical technique (i.e., true changes calculation) revealed that these nonsignificant increases or decreases may represent meaningful changes in their competitive potential.
Effect of Ice Slurry Beverages on Voluntary Fluid Intake and Exercise Performance
Authors: Ng Jason , Wingo Jonathan E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ng, J and Wingo, JE. Effect of ice slurry beverages on voluntary fluid intake and exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): e376–e383, 2023—Voluntary intake of cold fluid is greater than warm fluid as a result of more favorable palatability, resulting in better maintenance of hydration status and improved exercise performance. It remains unclear whether voluntary ingestion of ice slurry beverages compared with cold fluid during exercise yields superior results. Eight recreationally active subjects (mean ± SD; age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 175.2 ± 7.8 cm, mass = 79.6 ± 11.2 kg, body fat = 13.0 ± 5.2%) completed a pretest in 22° C to determine maximal workload (Wmax). Then, in 2, separate, counterbalanced trials, they cycled for 60 minutes at 50%Wmax in 35° C and 40% relative humidity with either ad libitum ice slurry (−1.3 ± 0.3° C) or cold fluid (11.1 ± 2.4° C) ingestion. This was immediately followed by a 15-minute cycling time trial. Subjects avoided 2% body mass loss in both conditions but ingested twice as much cold fluid as ice slurry (fluid: 1,074.7 ± 442.1 g, ice slurry: 526.9 ± 214.1 g; p = 0.001). Nonetheless, neither 15-minute performances (cold fluid: 119.5 ± 34.8 kJ, ice slurry: 114.6 ± 20.9 kJ; p = 0.59) nor whole-body sweat rates (fluid: 1,370 ± 311 ml·h−1, ice slurry: 1,242 ± 191 ml·h−1; p = 0.20) were different between the conditions. Despite ingesting half as much ice slurry as cold fluid, subjects experienced similar physiological responses and thus had similar performances under heat stress while avoiding excessive hypohydration. Under the conditions of this study, ice slurry ingestion was an effective alternative form of exercise hydration.