bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditing the Findings of Computed Tomographic Angiographic Examinations Using 160-Slice Scanner
Authors: Ismail Anas , Lawal Yusuf , Adamu Adamu Abba , Muhammad Isa Hassan , Sani Tahir , Jaafar Saadatu Hassan , Hayatu Zainab , Saleh Mohammed Kabir 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a promising tool for the rapid characterisation of the anatomy and structural lesions of the vascular system.

Aim/Objectives:
The aims/objectives of the study were to determine the frequency and pattern of vascular lesions in northern Nigeria. We also set to determine the agreement between clinical and CTA diagnosis of vascular lesions.

Materials and Methods:
We study patients that had CTA studies over a 5-year period. In total, 361 patients were referred for CTA, but only the records of 339 of them were retrieved and analysed. The information about patients’ characteristics, clinical diagnosis, and the findings on CTA was also retrieved and analysed. The categorical data results were expressed as proportions and percentages. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ statistic) was used to determine the agreement between the clinical and CTA findings. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) age of the subjects was 49.3 (17.9) years with a range of 1–88 years, consisting of 138 (40.7%) females. Up to 223 patients had various abnormalities on CTA. There were 27 (8.0%) cases of aneurysms, eight (2.4%) cases of arteriovenous malformations, and 99 (29.2%) cases of stenotic atherosclerotic disease. There was a significant agreement between the clinical diagnosis and corresponding findings on CTA showed for intracranial aneurysms (k = 15.0%; P < 0.001), for pulmonary thromboembolism (k = 4.3%; P < 0.001), and for coronary artery disease (k = 34.5%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The study found that close to 70% of the patients referred for CTA have abnormal findings, out of which stenotic atherosclerosis and aneurysm are the common findings. Our findings highlighted the diagnostic value of CTA variety of clinical conditions and underscored the prevalence of many vascular lesions in our environment, which hitherto were regarded as uncommon.
Neonatal Burn Injuries Managed in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Yiltok Simon J. , Akintayo Akintunde J. , Toma Bose Ozoiza , Diala Udochukwu Michael , Dafong Atarang A. , Karago Christopher Y. , Choji Joshua D. , Idrisu Abdulquadri 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:Neonatal burn injuries are rare in clinical practice. This explains the many case reports of such injuries. This is a report of our experience in the management of neonatal burn injuries in our centre.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective study of neonatal burn injuries that were managed over an eight year period (2014–2022). The information that was retrieved from the case notes included the socio-demographic data, birth weight, weight at admission, type of injury, total burn surface area (TBSA), depth of burn injury, type of treatment, length of hospital stay and outcome of care. The data were then entered into the SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., United States) software and analysed.Results:We managed 11 neonates, five males and six females with a male: female (M: F) ratio of 1:1.2. Their age ranged from zero to 25 days with a median (IQR) of 2 (1 -15) days. Eight (72.7%) of them were one to two days old and eight (72.7%) were admitted as out born. Majority (81.8%) of the mothers were primiparous women. Nine (81.8%) of the injuries were as a result of hot water bath. Most (66.6%) of these baths were done by the grandmothers or mothers of the babies. The total burn surface area (TBSA) ranged from 1% to 62%, with a median (IQR) of 11 (7.5 – 19.0). None of the babies had skin grafting. The length of stay (LOS) ranged from six days to 25 days with a median (IQR) of 11.0 (7.0 – 16.0) days. Only one baby died giving a hospital mortality rate of 9.1%.Conclusions:The commonest cause of neonatal burn injury in this series is scald injuries from hot water bath. Providing education about safe bathing to caregivers should be included in routine antenatal and postnatal instructions in order to prevent burns.
Clinicopathological Features and Treatment Outcome of Patients with Gastric Cancer in Lagos
Authors: Osinowo Adedapo Olumide , Olajide Thomas Olagboyega , Balogun Olanrewaju Samuel , Makanjuola Ayomide , Adesanya Adedoyin Adekunle , Atoyebi Oluwole A. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Gastric cancer (GC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Significant advances in the management of GC in South-West Nigeria occurred in the last three decades.

Patients and Methods:
This was a retrospective comparative study of patients with GC that presented at our tertiary hospital in the last three decades. Information on clinicopathological features and treatment outcome were analysed. Data of two consecutive periods; 1991–2004 (Group I) and 2005–2018 (Group II) were compared.

Results:
Ninety-one patients were studied; Group I (47 patients), Group II (44 patients). The mean age was 56.4 ± 12.7 years and male-to-female ratio was 1.8 to 1.0. The predominant symptoms were epigastric pain in 81(89.0%) (43 vs. 38) and weight loss in 63(69.2%) (32 vs. 31), whereas the signs were epigastric tenderness in 44(46.1%) (24 vs. 20) and epigastric mass in 42(46.1%) (26 vs. 16). The overall mean duration of symptom was 12.3 ± 16.9 months. Barium meal diagnosed GC in 29(61.7%) patients in Group I vs. 4(9.1%) patients in Group II. Conversely, endoscopy diagnosed GC in 23(48.9%) patients in Group I vs. 37(84.1%) patients in Group II. Operations undertaken included palliative subtotal gastrectomy 26(28.6%), potentially curative subtotal gastrectomy 15(16.5%) and non-resectional surgeries in 27(29.7%) patients. The overall incidence of major post-operative complications was 33%. Thirty-nine (42.8%) of the studied patients were lost to follow up. The median postoperative survival for Groups I and II patients was 22 weeks and 58 weeks, P = 0.012, respectively.

Conclusion:
The outcome of management of patients with GC at our tertiary hospital has improved modestly in the past three decades. Patients are still presenting late with very advanced disease.
Factors Responsible for the Performance of Final-Year Dental Surgery Students in Their Professional Examinations in Nigeria
Authors: Imediegwu Kelechi U , Chukwu Chidera P. , Nweze Ifeanyi E. , Abor Jude C. , Asuquo Bassey , Ebisike Valentina I. , Ugwu Ogechukwu T. , Hillary Ugwu I. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Little is known about the factors responsible for the academic performance of clinical dentistry/dental surgery students, particularly those in their finals in Nigerian universities.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to identify the subjective factors that may affect the performance of dental surgery finalists at the undergraduate level in Nigerian dental schools and to proffer realistic suggestions to improve dental surgery education.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of final-year dental surgery students in Nigeria was conducted using a well-structured validated online questionnaire distributed randomly through online platforms. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Chi-squares and Fischer’s exact values were calculated. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Consent was obtained from all participants.

Results:
Sixty-nine final-year dental surgery students completed and submitted the questionnaire. The hours spent on clinical hands-on-dental practice, dental surgery lectures/clinics attendance, and impact of particular course lecturers were the top three most agreed factors influencing the performance of dental surgery students in their examinations. A significant relationship (P = 0.027 [<0.05]; X2 = 4.873) exists between gender and the perception in that the greater cumulative number of study hours was alluded to significantly influencing performance in examinations. More females unlike males indicated that the total number of hours studied does not affect performance. A statistically significant association (P = 0.004 [<0.05]; X2 = 13.274) was also found between age grades and the influence of repeating an examination on performance. A majority of the respondents across all age grades indicated that repeating students do not always perform better or even pass the examinations. A majority of the respondents across all age grades indicated that those that have completed a degree before medical school do not always perform better in examinations. This finding also had a statistically significant association (P = 0.048 [<0.05]; X2 = 7.886).

Conclusions:
There is a need to coordinate efforts in the management of dental institutions to ensure that adequate attention is given to the dental surgery students at every stage of their training. Creation of dental surgery mentorship programmes may also help in the overall quality of the programme.
The Adequacy of Hospital Response to COVID-19 Pandemic amongst Surgical Institutions in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Imediegwu Kelechi Uzodinma , Onyebuchukwu Chiamaka Q. , Abor Jude C. , Bobby Edeani D. , Okoye Ngozi JF , Magbo Chidera V. , Onyenagubo Emmnauel Izuchukwu , Omene Winifred U. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The novel corona virus (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The healthcare specifically, departments of surgery in Southeastern Nigeria, are making modifications to cope and plan for the pandemic.

Objectives:
To evaluate how well surgical institutions in Southeastern Nigeria are prepared for the anticipated influx of Covid-19 patients, existing patients and to determine the adequacy of hospital provision of essential supplies and awareness creation.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional online study of two hundred and one (201) surgery resident doctors in surgical institutions in South-eastern Nigeria was conducted. Questionnaires were designed and distributed using online platforms. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Significance was set at P < 0.05. Consent was obtained from all respondents.

Results:
A total of 201 surgery resident doctors filled and submitted their questionnaires, response rate of 71.5%, out of which 50.1% agreed that hospital response to Covid-19 pandemic was inadequate, 78.3% agreed that the Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) provided by hospitals were inadequate while about 53.8% agreed that the hospital workforce was poor and inadequate and incapable of adapting to the unstable workforce during the pandemic. About 46.2% agreed that the hospitals were conducting an adequate creation of awareness with regards to the pandemic while 25% agreed that the hospital compliance with the CDC (Center for disease control) preventive protocols/guidelines in surgical institutions were adequate. There was a statistically significant association (
P = 0.019 (< 0.05); X2 = 5.517
) between hospital type and provision of adequate Personal protective equipment for surgical procedures. Only 19% of the government hospital employees felt that adequate amount of PPEs were provided compared to 41% of private hospital employees.

Conclusion:
The results from this study show that the hospital response to Covid-19 pandemic and awareness creation amongst surgical institutions in Southeastern Nigeria are inadequate.

Recommendations:
The government should equip the health sector by providing the necessary amenities to adequately combat the challenges of surgical practice in the Covid-19 pandemic.
Chlamydia Trachomatis Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors Among Women Attending A Northern Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Aliyu Rabi′at Muhammad , Adesiyun Adebiyi Gbadebo , Bawa Umma Suleiman , Olorukooba Abdulhakim Abayomi , Aliyu Shamsudin 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the commonest bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Acquisition of Ct infection is affected by biological and behavioural factors.

Aim:
Determine the prevalence of Ct infection and identify risk factors associated with Ct infection in sexually active fertile women in Northern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and fifty sexually active women presenting to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria were studied. Socio-demographic characteristics and history of risk factors for acquisition of genital Ct were obtained from the participants using a questionnaire. Their sera were tested for the presence of Ct immunoglobulin G using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Results:
The mean ages ± standard deviation of seropositive and seronegative women were 29.1 ± 7.3 years and 28.9 (SD 6.7) years respectively (P = 0.438). The prevalence of Ct infection was 6.7% (10/150). Occupation was associated with Ct seropositivity (P = 0.02). Number of sexual partners, age at coitarche; duration of sexual exposure and previous history suggestive of sexually transmitted infection were not associated with Ct seropositivity (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
A low prevalence of Ct was found among fertile women. Lack of regular source of personal income was associated with Ct infection but the sexual behavioural factors studied were not.
Endoscopic Septoplasty
Authors: Ngamdu Yusuf Bukar , Kirfi Abdullahi Musa , Adamu Auwalu , Abubakar Adamu , Edem Kingsley Paul , Ahmad Babagana Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Endoscopic septoplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the correction of nasal septal deformity. Globally, nasal septal surgeries are rarely performed, and in our country these procedures are even more scarcely undertaken, partly due to dearth of facilities and to some extent, the expertise of embarking on this specialised surgical procedure. Therefore, we aimed to document the indications and the outcome of endoscopic septoplasty in our environment.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study of all consecutive patients that had endoscopic septoplasty at a state tertiary hospital over three years period. Ethical approval was obtained before commencement of the study. Patients’ medical records were retrieved. Biodata, clinical presentation, operative procedure and outcome were extracted and analyzed descriptively.

Results:
Fourteen patients had endoscopic septoplasty over the period under review, constituting 11 (78.6%) males and 3 (21.4%) females. Predominant clinical features were nasal obstruction (100%) and nasal septal deviation (100%). The main indication for procedure was deviated nasal septum. The outcome of the surgery was good, 2(14.3%) of the patients had nasal adhesions but no major complication was recorded. The length of hospital stay ranged between 3 and 5 days with a mean of 3.7 ± 0.9 days, and all the patients were discharged successfully.

Conclusions:
Endoscopic septoplasty is a safe surgery. The main indication for the procedure was deviated nasal septum, and the procedure has a favourable outcome among the operated patients.
Evaluation of the Effect of Surgical Repair on Lip–Nose Morphometric Parameters of Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip Using Two-Dimensional Photogrammetry
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh , James Olutayo , Olasoji Hector Oladapo , Adeyemo Wasiu Lanre 
Published: September 2023

Background:
This prospective, comparative study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cleft lip repair on lip–nose morphometric characteristics of subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip/palate at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
The study population consisted of a total of 29 subjects. Lip repair was done using Millard’s rotation advancement technique by a single consultant. Standardised photographs were taken; preoperatively and during different postoperative periods; immediately, 1 week, 3, and 6 months. Indirect measurements of eight linear distances were carried out using Rulerswift software application. For all statistical analyses of mean difference, a P-value of less than 0.05 was accepted as being statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 52% were women, whereas 44% were men. There are considerable disparities between the cleft and non-cleft sides of complete unilateral cleft patients before surgery; statistically significant differences of 1.4 mm, 6.3 mm, and –17.6 mm in vertical lip height, philtral height, and nasal width respectively. Six months after repair, statistically significant differences in lip height between the cleft and the non-cleft side were observed in vertical lip height, nasal width, and philtral height (mean difference of –1.28 ± 0.78, 2.02 ± 2.86, 1.22 ± 1.83 mm; P < 0.001, P = 0.016, P = 0.022, respectively). Horizontal lip height was maintained with no statistically significant difference (mean difference of –0.12 ± 2.19 mm).

Conclusion:
Following cleft repair, using Millard’s rotation advancement technique, differences in lip–nose morphometric parameters were found to be reduced, however, not always eliminated by treatment.
Difference in Muscle Strength and Functional Outcome in Direct Lateral Approach versus Posterior Approach in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ansari Sajid , Singh Sanny Kumar , Regmi Anil , Goyal Tarun , Kalia Roop Bhushan , Yadav Raj Kumar , Suresh Gowda Aditya Koduvally 
Published: September 2023

Background and Purpose:
The choice between posterior approach (PA) and direct lateral approach (DLA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a contentious issue regarding clinical outcome optimization and restoring patient function. Previous studies have evaluated the postsurgical outcomes mostly in the form of Harris hip score (HHS), and the data to objectively measure the postoperative muscle power is scarce. We intend to objectively compare the hip abduction and extension strengths and other functional outcomes with a very simple tool in PA and DLA in the Indian population as most patients do not undergo as intensive rehabilitation in the postoperative period as in the western world.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 158 patients underwent THA during the study period, of which 48 met inclusion criteria and only 42 completed 6 months follow-up. Patients were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up. At each visit, muscle strength was tested using a customized sling device mounted on a pulling apparatus fitted on the wall, as well as a pain score (VAS), Harris hip score (HHS), and Short Form Survey (SF-36).

Results:
The study showed statistically significant better hip muscle strength at 2 weeks postoperative for leg press test and 2 weeks as well as 6 weeks postoperative for hip abduction strength in the PA. However, no differences were noted during the 3 or 6 months follow-up period among the DLA and PA. The surgical approach used has no effect on VAS, HHS, or SF-36 scorings.

Conclusion:
The weak abductor mechanism at 2 and 6 weeks and extension mechanism at 2 weeks in a cohort of DLA in contrast to the PA are seen in the early postoperative period and hence are short-lived muscle weakness. However, there is no effect on VAS, HSS, and SF-36 scores. Therefore, the surgical approach is to be chosen according to the surgeon’s expertise.
Comparison of Ocular Biomery in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Non-Glaucoma in South West Nigeria
Authors: Oluwaniyi Ajibola Toyin , Olawoye Olusola , Sarimiye Tarela Frederick , Ajayi B. G. K. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Glaucoma is a public health problem in Nigeria. The number of individuals affected by glaucoma in Nigeria is much higher than the individuals known to have the disease. Ocular parameters such as intraocular pressure, central cornea thickness, axial length and refractive error have all been documented as risk factors of glaucoma especially among Caucasians and African Americans, with little documentation in Africa where there’s an alarming rate of blindness.

Aim and Objectives:
To compare central cornea thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL) and refractive state in participants with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucoma in South-West Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based case-control study was carried out among 184 newly diagnosed POAG and non-glaucoma adult participants attending the outpatient clinic of Eleta eye institute. The CCT, IOP, AL and refractive state were measured in each participant. Test of significance between proportions in categorical variables were assessed using chi square test (χ2) in both groups. The means were compared using independent t-test while correlation between parameters were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:
The mean age of the POAG participants was 57.16 + 13.3 years and the mean age of the non-glaucoma participants was 54.15 + 13.4 years. The mean IOP in the POAG group was 30.2 + 8.9mmHg while non- glaucoma group was 14.2 + 2.6mmHg (P < 0.001), other ocular parameters were not significantly different in both groups. In the POAG group, decreased spherical equivalent refractive error (i.e increasing myopia) was significantly associated with increased axial length (r= -0.252, P = 0.01), but not significant in the non- glaucoma group. However, in the non-glaucoma group, central cornea thickness increased with increasing intraocular pressure (r= 0.305, P = 0.003), which was not significant in the glaucoma group.

Conclusion:
Patients with POAG had much higher IOP and thus, IOP remains a significant risk factor in its development. There was a significant relationship between refractive state and axial length in the POAG group while a significant relationship was identified between central cornea thickness and intraocular pressure in the non- glaucoma group.