bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The air pollution disadvantage of immigrants in Germany: partly a matter of urbanity
Authors: Ehler Ingmar , Bader Felix , Rüttenauer Tobias , Best Henning 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Several studies now document the disproportionate distribution of environmental pollution across different groups, but many are based on aggregated data or subjective pollution measures. In this study, we describe the air quality disadvantage of migrants in Germany using objective pollution data linked to nationally representative individual-level survey data. We intersect 1 × 1 km2 grid geo-references from the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) 2014, 2016, and 2018 with 2 × 2 km2 estimates of annually averaged air pollution by the German Environment Agency for nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter. Respondents with a migration background are exposed to higher levels of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter than people of German descent. Urbanity of residence partly explains these differences, up to 81 per cent for particulate matter and about 30 per cent for other pollutants. A larger proportion of immigrants live in larger cities, which are more prone to high levels of air pollution. This is especially true for second-generation migrants. Income differences, on the other hand, do not explain the migrant disadvantage. In city fixed effects models, the patterns for migration background point unambiguously in the direction of environmental disadvantage for all pollutants except ozone. However, the within-municipality associations are weak.
Exploring probiotic effector molecules and their mode of action in gut–immune interactions
Authors: Lee Choong-Gu , Cha Kwang Hyun , Kim Gi-Cheon , Im Sin-Hyeog , Kwon Ho-Keun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts, have gained significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications. The beneficial effects of probiotics are believed to stem from their ability to enhance intestinal barrier function, inhibit pathogens, increase beneficial gut microbes, and modulate immune responses. However, clinical studies investigating the effectiveness of probiotics have yielded conflicting results, potentially due to the wide variety of probiotic species and strains used, the challenges in controlling the desired number of live microorganisms, and the complex interactions between bioactive substances within probiotics. Bacterial cell wall components, known as effector molecules, play a crucial role in mediating the interaction between probiotics and host receptors, leading to the activation of signaling pathways that contribute to the health-promoting effects. Previous reviews have extensively covered different probiotic effector molecules, highlighting their impact on immune homeostasis. Understanding how each probiotic component modulates immune activity at the molecular level may enable the prediction of immunological outcomes in future clinical studies. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the structural and immunological features of probiotic effector molecules, focusing primarily on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. We also discuss current gaps and limitations in the field and propose directions for future research to enhance our understanding of probiotic-mediated immunomodulation.
Haplotype-Resolved, Chromosome-Level Assembly of White Clover (Trifolium repens L., Fabaceae)
Authors: Santangelo James S , Battlay Paul , Hendrickson Brandon T , Kuo Wen-Hsi , Olsen Kenneth M , Kooyers Nicholas J , Johnson Marc T J , Hodgins Kathryn A , Ness Rob W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
White clover (Trifolium repens L.; Fabaceae) is an important forage and cover crop in agricultural pastures around the world and is increasingly used in evolutionary ecology and genetics to understand the genetic basis of adaptation. Historically, improvements in white clover breeding practices and assessments of genetic variation in nature have been hampered by a lack of high-quality genomic resources for this species, owing in part to its high heterozygosity and allotetraploid hybrid origin. Here, we use PacBio HiFi and chromosome conformation capture (Omni-C) technologies to generate a chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved genome assembly for white clover totaling 998 Mbp (scaffold N50 = 59.3 Mbp) and 1 Gbp (scaffold N50 = 58.6 Mbp) for haplotypes 1 and 2, respectively, with each haplotype arranged into 16 chromosomes (8 per subgenome). We additionally provide a functionally annotated haploid mapping assembly (968 Mbp, scaffold N50 = 59.9 Mbp), which drastically improves on the existing reference assembly in both contiguity and assembly accuracy. We annotated 78,174 protein-coding genes, resulting in protein BUSCO completeness scores of 99.6% and 99.3% against the embryophyta_odb10 and fabales_odb10 lineage datasets, respectively.
Ecological constraints on audience size in the digital media system: evidence from the longitudinal tracking data from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Xu Yu , Peng Tai-Quan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current high-choice media environment is characterized by increasingly intense competition for audience resources among media products. Drawing on research in organizational ecology and communication, audience behavior, and media economics, this study provides an ecological explanation for audience size in the digital media system. The analysis of Comscore’s aggregate audience data on the use of 64 digital media platforms over a 38-month period from 2019 to 2022 shows that a platform’s audience size is negatively associated with its niche overlap with another platform. This competitive effect of niche overlap on a platform’s current audience size is moderated by its previous audience size (size dependence) and species membership in the environment (species dependence). The results also support the short- and long-term stability of audience size.
GPR120/FFAR4: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Di Petrillo Amalia , Kumar Amit , Onali Sara , Favale Agnese , Fantini Massimo Claudio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, whose major forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gut due to the loss of tolerance toward antigens normally contained in the gut lumen. G protein–coupled receptor (GPR) 120 has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders due to its implication in the production of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 and the secretion of cholecystokinin. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of GPR120 in regulating immune system activity and inflammation. GPR120, expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, proinflammatory macrophages, enteroendocrine L cells, and CD4+ T cells, suppresses proinflammatory and enhances anti-inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting that GPR120 might have a pivotal role in intestinal inflammation and represent a possible therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease. This narrative review aims at summarizing the role of GPR120 in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis through the analysis of the most recent studies.
Hand in Hand or Separate Ways: Navigation Devices and Nesting of Metonymic BODY PART Multiword Expressions in Monolingual English Learners’ Dictionaries
Authors: Wojciechowska Sylwia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Despite a long history of research into phraseology and its practical applications, the representation of multiword expressions (henceforth MWEs) in dictionaries still remains unsettled. The paper singles out and investigates the lexicographic treatment of one thematically related group of MWEs, those that contain nominal forms of body part names. Body part MWEs have been chosen for the present study because they constitute a fairly homogenous group, as many of them are related by means of metonymic motivation, and are therefore expected to be treated in a fairly consistent way. The study examines and evaluates the representation of body part MWE in monolingual English learners’ dictionaries online from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. It focuses primarily on the arrangement of semantically related MWEs in the dictionary microstructure, and attention is also paid to navigation devices used to nest metonymically motivated body part MWEs. The paper proposes solutions that could be adopted in lexicographic practice so that semantic links between related body part MWEs become more apparent in the entry structure.
Evaluation of blood glucose changes with regular versus rapid-acting insulin for hyperglycaemia management in the emergency department
Authors: Zou Xiaoxu , Treu Cierra N , Laub Jessica , Mendoza Christopher 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
As emergency department (ED) visits secondary to hyperglycaemia increase, goals should focus on optimising treatment to minimise the length of stay (LOS). Both regular and rapid-acting insulins can effectively treat hyperglycaemia, but have different pharmacokinetic profiles. The purpose of this study is to compare blood glucose (BG) reduction over time in patients receiving subcutaneous regular versus rapid-acting insulin in the ED.

Methods
This retrospective chart review from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020 included adult ED patients with a BG ≥200 mg/dl who received subcutaneous regular insulin or insulin aspart. The primary endpoint was a change in BG immediately before and ≥30 min after insulin administration over time.

Results
There were 279 patients included in the study (108 regular insulin and 171 insulin aspart). Change in BG over time was 41.5 mg/dl/h in the regular insulin group and 47 mg/dl/h in the insulin aspart group (P = 0.36). There was no difference in hypoglycaemic events, ED LOS, time from insulin administration to discharge and total change in BG during ED stay. Patients who received regular insulin required less additional insulin doses (8.3% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.02), received a greater volume of intravenous fluids (1629 ml vs. 1280 ml, P = 0.02) and higher weight-based dose for the first insulin dose (0.11 units/kg vs. 0.10 units/kg, P = 0.02).

Conclusion
There was no significant difference in BG reduction between insulin types for hyperglycaemic patients treated in the ED. This suggests that regular insulin and rapid-acting insulin have similar efficacy in the treatment of hyperglycaemia in the ED.
To intervene or not to intervene: young adults’ views on when and how to intervene in online harassment
Authors: Davidovic Anna , Talbot Catherine , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine , Joinson Adam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Incidents of online harassment are increasing and can have significant consequences for victims. Witnesses (“digital bystanders”) can be crucial in identifying and challenging harassment. This study considered when and how young adults intervene online, with the aim of understanding the applicability of existing theoretical models (i.e., Bystander Intervention Model; Response Decision-Making Framework). Thematic analysis of eight focus groups (UK community sample, N = 67, 18–25 years) resulted in five themes: Noticing and Interpreting the Harassment, Perceived Responsibility for Helping, Consequences of Intervening, Perceived Ability to Make a Difference, and Deciding How to Help. The online context amplified offline preferences, such as greater preference for anonymity and perceived costs of intervention (e.g., social costs). Intervention strategies varied in visibility and effort, preferring “indirect” micro-interventions focused on supporting victims. A new, merged model specific to digital bystanders is proposed, with implications for the design and messaging on social networking sites discussed.
Impacts of future climate on the distribution of 4 bumblebee species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liang Chengbo , Jiang Feng , Liu Daoxin , Song Pengfei , Li Bin , Lin Gonghua , Yan Jingyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Climate warming threatens dozens of bumblebee species across the world, including alpine areas. In plateaus with vast and continuous high-altitude areas, bumblebees’ response to climate warming may be relatively optimistic. To study the species’ responses to future climate in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, we quantified the suitable areas for 4 local bumblebee indicator species under current and future climate scenarios (Shared Socio-economic Pathway 126, 245, 370, and 585 in 2,100) using MaxEnt models. Suitable areas of indicator species were stacked to obtain the species richness layer. According to the acreage and connectivity of suitable areas and the acreage of the high richness area, a warmed climate will be more suitable for bumblebees’ distribution compared to the current climate. The SSP 126 and SSP 245 scenario will be the 2 most suitable. Meanwhile, with climate warming, suitable areas and the high richness areas will move to high altitudes and their altitude range will decrease. The greater suitability in warmed climates may be caused by the topography of plateaus, which provides an opportunity for bumblebees to migrate to cooler areas. However, mitigation of warming is still necessary because an excessively warm climate will decrease bumblebees’ habitat suitability. In plateaus, species in lower altitudes will migrate to higher altitudes, conservation in high altitudes should pay attention to not only original species, but also immigrated species. In lower altitudes, many species will migrate to higher altitudes, then local bumblebee diversity will decrease. Local conservation should be focused on these lower altitude areas.
The Philosophy of Change and the Metaphor of Body: From the I Ching (The Classic of Changes) to Wenxin Diaolong (Carving the Dragon With A Literary Heart)
Authors: Cheng Kat Hung Dennis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The I Ching (易經, Yijing, The Classic of Changes) has long been famous for its wide impact on and broad relations with research in the disciplines of philosophy, philology, and religious studies, but all-round and systematical research into its influence on Chinese literature is still rare. There is an inner logic between the I Ching and Wenxin diaolong (文心雕龍, Carving the Dragon with a Literary Heart), a masterpiece of Chinese literary criticism by Liu Xie (劉勰, 465–522 CE), revealing the ways in which Liu was inspired by the I Ching. This essay attempts to explore this inner logic by using the metaphor of the ‘body’ as a major theme in the Wenxin diaolong.
The Yijing as Inspiration in Raymond Queneau’s Morale Élémentaire III (1975): An Intermingling of the Particular and the Universal
Authors: Maitre Marie-Julie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The third part of Raymond Queneau’s last work (1903–76), Morale élémentaire (Elementary Morality, henceforth EM3), a collection of prose poems published in 1975, is composed of 64 poems like the 64 hexagrams of the Yijing. Having found his notes on Philastre’s translation of the Yijing during the writing of EM3, one can wonder by what mechanisms the Yijing inspired Queneau’s creation. This article shows that EM3 is an intertwining between the particular and the universal. In the autobiographical and particular side of EM3, Queneau integrates his memories, his experiences and references to the news of his time. The universal side of EM3 stands in the impersonal and indefinite style of the elementary wisdom of the Yijing from which Queneau takes up certain precepts and replies to the Kantian question ‘[w]hat should I do?’ with a quest of happiness and self-realisation. The latter lies in Queneau’s description of his quest for writing and of his process of literary creation.
The Living Spring: A Comparison of Jacob’s Well and the Well Hexagram
Authors: Hon Tze-ki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Water is a master metaphor in literature, appearing in many writings around the world. In some cases, water is stormy, vicious and destructive; in others, water is calm, steady and enriching; in yet other cases, water is reachable, manageable, and replenishable. In this essay, I will examine the different meanings of ‘a well of water’ by comparing Jacob’s well in the Gospel of St John and the Jing (‘The Well’, #48) hexagram in the I Ching or Book of Changes. In this comparison, my goal is to show that while ‘a well of water’ has a universal appeal as a symbol of finding ‘a living spring’ in one’s spirit, it has different connotations and implications in different cultural systems. In these two renditions of ‘a well of water’, we find authors providing different answers to the fundamental questions of human existence and the meaning of life-long learning.
LISA Galactic binaries in the Roman Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey
Authors: Digman Matthew C , Hirata Christopher M 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Short-period Galactic white dwarf binaries detectable by Laser Interferometer Space Antenna are the only guaranteed persistent sources for multimessenger gravitational-wave astronomy. Large-scale surveys in the 2020s present an opportunity to conduct preparatory science campaigns to maximize the science yield from future multimessenger targets. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey will (in its Reference Survey design) image seven fields in the Galactic Bulge approximately 40 000 times each. Although the Reference Survey cadence is optimized for detecting exoplanets via microlensing, it is also capable of detecting short-period white dwarf binaries. In this paper, we present forecasts for the number of detached short-period binaries the Roman Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey will discover and the implications for the design of electromagnetic surveys. Although population models are highly uncertain, we find a high probability that the baseline survey will detect of the order of ∼5 detached white dwarf binaries. The Reference Survey would also have a ${\gtrsim} 20\,{\rm per\,cent}$ chance of detecting several known benchmark white dwarf binaries at the distance of the Galactic Bulge.
Constraining accuracy of the pairwise velocities in N-body simulations using scale-free models
Authors: Maleubre Sara , Eisenstein Daniel J , Garrison Lehman H , Joyce Michael 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a continuation of an analysis that aims to quantify resolution of N-body simulations by exploiting large (up to N = 40963) simulations of scale-free cosmologies run using abacus. Here, we focus on radial pairwise velocities of the matter field, both by direct estimation and through the cumulative two-point correlation function (using the pair conservation equation). We find that convergence at the 1 per cent level of the mean relative pairwise velocity can be demonstrated over a range of scales, evolving from a few times the grid spacing at early times to slightly below this scale at late times. We show the analysis of two different box sizes as well as from averaging results from the smaller boxes, and compare the power of the two aforementioned estimators in constraining accuracy at each scale. Down to scales of the order of the smoothing parameter, convergence is obtained at ∼$5~{{\rm per\, cent}}$ precision, and shows a behaviour indicating asymptotic stable clustering. We also infer for LCDM simulations conservative estimates on the evolution of the lower cut-off to resolution (at 1 and 5 per cent precision) as a function of redshift.
Comparison of Different Antibiotics and the Risk for Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Miller Aaron C , Arakkal Alan T , Sewell Daniel K , Segre Alberto M , Tholany Joseph , Polgreen Philip M ,   CDC MInD-Healthcare Group
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Antibiotics are the greatest risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Risk for CDI varies across antibiotic types and classes. Optimal prescribing and stewardship recommendations require comparisons of risk across antibiotics. However, many prior studies rely on aggregated antibiotic categories or are underpowered to detect significant differences across antibiotic types. Using a large database of real-world data, we evaluate community-associated CDI risk across individual antibiotic types.

Methods
We conducted a matched case–control study using a large database of insurance claims capturing longitudinal health care encounters and medications. Case patients with community-associated CDI were matched to 5 control patients by age, sex, and enrollment period. Antibiotics prescribed within 30 days before the CDI diagnosis along with other risk factors, including comorbidities, health care exposures, and gastric acid suppression were considered. Conditional logistic regression and a Bayesian analysis were used to compare risk across individual antibiotics. A sensitivity analysis of antibiotic exposure windows between 30 and 180 days was conducted.

Results
We identified 159 404 cases and 797 020 controls. Antibiotics with the greatest risk for CDI included clindamycin and later-generation cephalosporins, and those with the lowest risk included minocycline and doxycycline. We were able to differentiate and order individual antibiotics in terms of their relative level of associated risk for CDI. Risk estimates varied considerably with different exposure windows considered.

Conclusions
We found wide variation in CDI risk within and between classes of antibiotics. These findings ordering the level of associated risk across antibiotics can help inform tradeoffs in antibiotic prescribing decisions and stewardship efforts.
Climate change outpaces adaptive potential via hybridization in nesting female Saltmarsh and Nelson’s Sparrows
Authors: Maxwell Logan M , Walsh Jennifer , Olsen Brian J , Kovach Adrienne I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hybridization and introgression can promote adaptive potential and evolutionary resilience in response to increased pressures of climate change; they can also disrupt local adaptation and lead to outbreeding depression. We investigated female fitness consequences of hybridization in two sister species that are endemic to a threatened tidal marsh ecosystem: Saltmarsh (Ammospiza caudacutus) and Nelson’s (Ammospiza nelsoni) sparrows. We found increasing nest flooding rates due to rising sea levels are outpacing potential adaptive benefits of hybridization due to very low overall nesting success in both the Nelson’s and Saltmarsh sparrows. In the center of the hybrid zone across two years, we determined the success of 201 nests of 104 pure and admixed Saltmarsh and Nelson’s Sparrow females, genotyped using a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. We evaluated 5 metrics of female fitness and modeled nesting success in relation to genotypic, environmental, and nesting characteristics. We found differential fitness among Saltmarsh, Nelson’s, and hybrid females, such that birds with predominantly Saltmarsh Sparrow alleles had higher reproductive success than birds with predominantly Nelson’s Sparrows alleles, and hybrids were intermediate. Fledging success increased with two known tidal marsh nesting adaptations: nest height and nesting synchrony with tidal cycles. We found a positive relationship between hybrid index and fitness in daily nest survival in 2016, but not in 2017, likely due to differing levels of precipitation and nest flooding between years. The strongest and most consistent predictors of daily nest survival were nesting synchrony with lunar tidal flooding cycles and daily maximum tide height. Fitness patterns suggest that there may be an adaptive benefit of interspecific geneflow for the Nelson’s Sparrow at the detriment of the Saltmarsh Sparrow; however, flooding rates are so high in many years they mask any fitness differences between the species, and all females had poor nesting success, regardless of genetic makeup.