bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Terhadap Kompetensi Teknologi Informasi Penyuluh Sosial Dan Perubahan Perilaku Masyarakat
Authors: Buchory Achmad 
Published: February 2023

Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan 5.0 menuntut masyarakat untuk menguasai teknologi informasi untuk menjalankan aktivitas sehari-harinya serta aktivitas pekerjaanya. Penyuluh sosial merupakan SDM Kesejahteraan Sosial yang memiliki tugas pokok untuk melakukan perubahan perilaku masyarakat kearah yang lebih baik sudah dipastikan harus mengusai kompetensi teknologi informasi. Hal ini agar mereka dapat efektif dan efisien dalam menjalankan tugas penyuluhan serta dapat menjangkau masyarakat yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini mendiskripsikan kompetensi teknologi informasi Penyuluh Sosial di Indonesia yang menjadi binaan Kementerian Sosial dalam upaya untuk melakukan perubahan perilaku masyarakat di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengungkap tingkat penguasaan kompetensi penyuluh sosial dibidang teknologi informasi yang digunkan untuk melaksanakan penyuluhan di masyarakat. Disamping itu penelitian ini juga untuk melihat bagaimana tingkat perubahan perilaku yang sudah dilakukan oleh penyuluh sosial dengan kondisi kompetensi yang sudah dimiliki saat ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan metode survey dengan diskriptif secara kuantitatif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan sebagai berikut; 1) Kompetensi kerja penyuluh sosial masih menggunakan pola metode penyuluhan sosial yang bersifat tatap muka tanpa menggunakan teknologi informasi. 2) Kesenjangan kompetensi teknologi informasi penyuluh sosial binaan kementerian sosial sangat tinggi. Dan, 3) Tidak efektif dalam memberikan perubahan perilaku masyarakat yang menjadi objek penyuluhan sosial oleh SDM Penyuluh Sosial binaan Kementerian Sosial. Dengan demikian hasil riset ini merekomendasikan adanya perubahan regulasi agar memberikan kesempatan bagi penyuluh sosial untuk menggunakan teknologi informasi dalam pelaksanaan penyuluhan sosial di masyarakat, perlu adanya pelatihan penyuluhan sosial berbasis teknologi informasi dilakukan pemerintah kepada para SDM Penyuluhan Sosiall, serta perlu dilakukan TNA Kompetensi Teknologi Informasi bagi Penyuluh Sosial yang dilakukan oleh balai-bali diklat kementerian sosial di Indonesia sesuai kompetensinya masing-masing.
Kata Kunci: Teknologi Informasi, Penyuluh Sosial, Perubahan Perilaku.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar Pada Peserta Pelatihan Dasar CPNS Provinsi NTB
Authors: Prasetya Prasetya Utama 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sejauh mana pengaruh pembelajaran Distance Learning dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar Peserta Pelatihan Dasar CPNS Provinsi NTB.

Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed methods dan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah The Explanatory Sequential Design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak dengan menggunakan google form. Besar sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 200 (dua ratus) peserta Pelatihan Dasar CPNS Provinsi NTB.

Hasil dari penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: Pertama, Pembelajaran distance learning pada Latsar CPNS Provinsi NTB hasilnya berlangsung dengan kategori sangat baik 68%, 16% baik, 12,5% cukup baik serta 3,5% kurang. Faktor-faktor pendukung proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran distance learning adalah menumbuhkan semangat dan ketertarikan untuk belajar, efisiensi biaya dan fleksibilitas waktu serta tempat. Faktor penghambat antara lain, budaya belajar yang kurang, belum adanya standardisasi pada sistem supervisi dan sinyal koneksi internet yang lemah. Kedua, Motivasi belajar peserta Latsar CPNS Provinsi NTB masuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi 68%, 19,5% tinggi, 10% sedang baik serta 2,5% rendah. Peserta Latsar CPNS yang berjenis kelamin wanita motivasi belajarnya lebih tinggi dari pada motivasi belajar peserta yang berjenis kelamin pria Ketiga, Hasil belajar peserta Latsar CPNS Provinsi NTB menunjukkan peserta hasil belajarnya dalam kategori 69,50% memuaskan dan sangat memuaskan 30,50%. Peserta Latsar CPNS berjenis kelamin wanita hasil belajarnya lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar peserta berjenis kelamin pria. Keempat, Dari hasil uji F memberikan diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,000 dengan F hitung 215, dimana nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari pada 5% (0,000 < 0,05) artinya bahwa terdapat kecocokan antara model dengan data. Sehingga dapat dijelaskan juga bahwa pembelajaran distance learning dan motivasi belajar secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar peserta. Kelima, Dalam pembelajaran distance learning telah ditemukan tentang alasan pentingnya peranan pendidikan akhlak atau moral sehingga mampu mewujudkan pelatihan yang mampu membangun karakter dan kepribadian CPNS.

Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Distance Learning, motivasi belajar, hasil belajar
Coping strategies in women with anxiety and depression during prenatal period
Authors: Syeda Rabia  , Nazia Hakeem  , Saima Aziz  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency and association of coping strategies with different levels of anxiety and depression.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in private hospitals of Karachi, from January to May 2017. Data was collected from pregnant women willing to participate in the study by using non-probability convenient sampling. A questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic and obstetric data after informed consent from pregnant women. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to identify different levels of anxiety and depression. Coping strategies were assessed by using brief inventory results which were assessed on SPSS 16.
Results: Study group included 400 women between the ages of 18 to 38 years with a mean age of
27.08 ± 4.074. The adaptive strategies were used by 23.3% of the study group. Maladaptive strate- gies were adopted by 17.9% of women and 58.9% were using both adaptive and maladaptive strate- gies. There was a significant association of adaptive strategies and women appearing normal on HADS scale (p-value= 0.000, OR= .077) whereas there was negative association with maladaptive strategies and normal behaviour (p-value= 0.032, OR= 1.747). Women with borderline anxiety were using only combination of both types of strategies. Women using maladaptive strategies were having significant association with abnormal level of anxiety (p-value= 0.000, OR= 3.369) with borderline de- pression (p-value= 0.012, OR= .420) and abnormal depression (p-value= 0.000, OR= -6.657). Active coping (OR 5.952 and 6.679), instrumental (OR 4.138 and 6.679), planning (OR 10.300 and 6.646),) and positive reframing (OR 1.735 and 3.765) were protective for abnormal anxiety and abnormal de- pression. Religious practices were protective for abnormal anxiety only (OR= 4.289).
Conclusion: Adaptive strategies are associated with normal mental status and are protective for anxiety and depression whereas maladaptive strategies are the risk factors for anxiety and depression. Pregnant women should be encouraged to adopt adaptive strategies to reduce the adverse outcome associated with anxiety and depression.
Frequency and Determinants of Maternal Anaemia in Early Postpartum Period
Authors: Syeda Rabia  , Nadia Jalil  , Sarah Feroze  , Mehreen Iqbal  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency and risk factors of maternal anaemia after delivery.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two private tertiary care hospitals of Karachi over a period of six month from April to October 2017. A sample of 300 postpartum women was recruited in the study by convenient sampling.
Inclusions criteria were women more than 24 hours or up to one week following delivery of babies of more than 28 weeks of gestation and all booked cases of hospitals that consented to take part in re- search study. Exclusion criteria were women who had no antenatal visits and haemoglobin estima- tion in third trimester of pregnancy.
Data was collected using predesigned questionnaire after taking informed consent. Haemoglobin lev- els were noted in early pregnancy, third trimester and postpartum period.
Results: The study group comprises of 135 (47.9%) women with postpartum anaemia, whereas 147 (52.1%) women had normal level of haemoglobin. A total of 72 (25.5%) women had a rise in haemo- globin,192 (62%) women had low and 18 (6.4%) women had unchanged postpartum haemoglobin as compared to the third trimester haemoglobin level.
The mean age of the study group was 27.59 ± 4.221. Inadequate iron intake was noted in 66 (48.9%) women in the anaemic group, whereas it was found in 51 (34.7%) women in the non-anaemic group (p-value=0.000, OR=0.083). Anaemia was diagnosed during pregnancy in 105 (77.8%) women in anaemic group, whereas 33 (22.4%) women had anaemia during pregnancy in non-anaemic post- partum group (p-value=0.000, OR=0.083). Caesarean section was performed in 84 (62.3%) women with postpartum anaemia (p-value=0.010, OR=0.537). A total of 27 (20%) women with postpartum anaemia had episiotomy during normal vaginal or instrumental deliveries (p-value=0.042, OR=1.765).
Conclusion: Frequency of early postpartum anaemia is high. Anaemia during pregnancy, inadequate iron intake, vaginal delivery with episiotomy and caesarean section were significant risk factors.
Comparison of Efficacy of Gow-Gates Mandibular Nerve Block and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block for The Extraction of Mandibular Molars
Authors: Ayesha Maqsood  , Muhammad Adil Asim  , Fouzia Aslam  , Rushna Khalid  , Omer Khalid  
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of two local anaesthesia techniques i.e. inferior alveolar nerve block and Gow-Gates nerve block technique in terms of their success rate to anaesthetize tissues, time of onset of action, pain levels during administration and amount of drug used to achieve adequate anaesthesia.
Methods: This randomised control trial was carried out in department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad from September 2017 to May 2018. A total of 138 patients were selected and randomly allocated to receive Gow-Gates (GG) nerve block or inferior al- veolar nerve block (IANB) for extraction of mandibular molars. Onset of anaesthesia and success rate was noted for individual nerves. Pain during administration of anaesthesia was compared between IANB group and GG group by verbal response scale. Status of blood aspiration during injection and volume of local anaesthesia solution used to achieve adequate anaesthesia for extraction of lower molar tooth was also noted at the end of procedure.
Results: Comparison of success to achieve anaesthesia did not show significant difference between IANB and GG groups except the buccal soft tissue. Onset of action of anaesthesia of all nerves (IAN, lin- gual and buccal) was achieved much earlier in IANB. While results of pain and total amount of drug used were significantly better in favor of GG group as shown by p-value of 0.015 and 0.002 respectively.
Conclusion: We conclude that GG nerve block is a good alternative technique to conventional IANB technique for extraction of mandibular molars.
Study of Analgesic Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Cuminum Cyminum (L.) and Centratherum Anthelminticum (L.) in Mice
Authors: Raana Mahmood  , Itrat Jawed  , Nosheen  , Raheela Najam  , Nargis Anjum  , Bushra Z Sayeed  , Faiza Zafar  
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate and compare the analgesic activity of methanolic ex- tracts of seeds of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L)in mice.
Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Pharmacology University of Karachi; 30 healthy mice were selected from animal house of Pharmacology department of University of Karachi for the study. All animals were divided into three groups, each group of 10 mice. Mice of Group 1 were given DMSO (Dimethyl sulphoxide) an organic solvent, mice of group 2 were given Methanolic extract of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and mice of group 3 were given Methanolic extract of Centratherum anthelminticum (L). The analgesic activity was investigated by tail flick test, heat is used to stimulate pain and observe analgesic activity, after a week of oral dosing of Methanolic extracts of seeds of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L) in mice. Methanolic extracts of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L) were insoluble in water so Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) i.e. an organic solvent was used in this study (it is used for solutes that are insoluble in water). The methanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminum(L), Centratherum anthelminticum (L) and DMSO (dim- ethyl sulphoxide) were administered orally to three groups of mice for a week and on 7th day of dosing analgesic activity was tested through tail flick test, response is checked after 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes of 7th day of dosing.
Results: The group of mice, which were given Methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum(L)showed highly significant analgesic activity after 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes of dosing. The group of mice which was given Methanolic extract of Centratherum anthelminticum (L) showed significant analgesic activ- ity after 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 andhighly significant analgesic activity after 240 min. of dosing on 7th day.
Conclusion: The results indicate that both extracts of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L)showed analgesic activity. On comparison Cuminum Cyminum (L) have more supe- rior analgesic potential than Centratherum anthelminticum (L).
Functional Constipation in Pregnancy; Need to Furnish Some More Emphasis
Authors: Shabnum  Shamim  , Amna Begum  
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of functional constipation in ob- stetric population in our context and to explore the extent to which pregnant females were aware of the problem and their usual practices to deal with it.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 332 pregnant females, from June 2017 to June 2018 in gynaecology unit 3, Karachi Medical and Dental College (using a convenient sam- pling technique after taking ethical approval). All the pregnant females visiting antenatal out-patient department from age 17 - 46 years were included in the study. The validated Rome III criteria were used to diagnose functional constipation. Information regarding awareness of constipation and de- mographic data, with the measure used for relief of constipation identified.The data analysis was per- formed by SPSS version 20. Qualitative data was presented as frequency and percentage. Bar graph was also used for presentation of the qualitative data.
Results: Out of the total of 332 pregnant females, functional constipation was observed in 207 (62.3%) females according to the Rome III Criteria. Evaluating the awareness of constipation and its associated problems during pregnancy our study showed that 61.1% pregnant females responded positively when reporting to doctor about constipation. While encountering functional constipation the most commonly used remedial measure was Ispaghol (Husk) observed in 74 (35.7%) pregnant fe- males. The observations of our study revealed that 89 (43.0%) pregnant women having functional constipation were well aware about constipation and its consequences in pregnancy.
Conclusion: It is concluded that functional constipation occurs commonly in pregnancy in our context. Moreover, these females were mostly well aware of constipation and its worst outcomes during pregnancy.
Workload as A Cause of Occupational Stress Among Registered Staff Nurses
Authors: Ghulam Abbas Panhwar  , Pir Bux Jokhio  , Humaira Wagan  , Husun Banu Channar  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate the sources of occupational stress related to workload among registered staff nurses.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 staff nurses. "Hospital consultants, job stress & satisfaction questionnaire (HCJSSQ)" was applied for data collection purpose. The questionnaire was formulated by an appropriate selection of questions and validated by 5 experts (one general administrator, two physicians, one nursing superintendent, and one human resource man- ager). The study was carried out during February-July 2016. The questionnaire consisted of 08 questions on sources of stress related to workload.
Results: All the invited nurses agreed to participate. The mean age of the selected sample was 32.29 years and SD ± 7.025. The analysis of the data revealed that 'having an inadequate staff to do the job' was the biggest stressor followed by 'being on on-call and 'providing patient care within multidisciplinary teams as 2nd and 3rd stressors. 'Feeling under pressure to meet deadlines', 'too great magnitude of overall work', 'having inadequate equipment to do job properly', 'disturbance of home life due to long hours duty' and 'being unable to cure patients' were identified as 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th number stressors respectively.
Conclusion: Nurses are facing various types of stressors, which may affect organizational culture and a factor for low-quality care for patients as well as the individual wellbeing of a staff nurse. These stressors should be handled carefully on a priority basis by proper workload management, availability of facilities, good pay scale, reward system, initiate occupational health education or support to continue education.
Role of an Interactive Session in the Improvement of Academic Performance in Pre-Clinical Subjects of the Second Year BDS
Authors: Karim Atiya Abdul , Fatima Nazish , Mohiuddin Sidra 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare the academic performance of students from two consecutive batches taught through different teaching strategies during their pre-clinical year.
Methods: We compare two batches of the second year BDS in a basic dental science subject (a subject I and Subject II). The mode of intervention of the current batch was via interactive lectures compared with didactic lectures delivered to the previous batch. Both batches were assessed by Continuous Assessments Test CAT in mid of semester followed by the Semester Exam. The two-independent t-test was used to measure the difference in academic scores between two batches of students who received teachings through an interactive session and didactic lectures respectively.
Results: The students of the current batch (n=41) obtained better scores during the continuous assessment test (65.1±11.01) than (55.3±11.80) previous batch students (n=43) at p<0.001. Similarly, semester exam scores of the current batch were also higher (72.0±8.08) than the previous batch (68.3±9.04) in the subject I at p<0.004. However, in Subject II the academic scores were improved but not statistically significant.
Conclusion: It is concluded as, with the interactive sessions academic performance of the current batch has improved as compared to its counterpart.
Serum Ace and Ace I/D Polymorphism: Risk of Type 2 Diabetes with and Without Nephropathy in Pakistani Cohort
Authors: Bano Hiba , Iqbal Mehir un Nisa , Iqbal Khan Nazish , Taseer Ahmed Khan  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To find serum ACE (Angiotensin converting enzyme) level and the role of ACE I/D polymorphism with T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) among the Pakistani cohort.
Methods: A total of 110 diagnosed T2DM patients and 100 normotensive healthy controls with an agerange of 35-65 years were randomly selected for this study. All cases were screened for the T2DM based on random and fasting blood sugar levels and confirmed by HbA1c test. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples by the Salting out method and ACE I/D polymorphism was genotyped using insertion-deletion polymorphism. A serum level of ACE was also determined. All statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 16 and all values are significant at a p-value less than 0.05. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was calculated for any deviation of allele frequencies from predicted. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between ACE polymorphism and the risk of diabetes. The odds ratio along with a 95% confidence interval via binary logistics regression analysis was used to find out the diabetic risk associated with ACE genotyping.
Results: The analysis showed higher ACE levels among T2DM patients with nephropathy (mean =158 ± 38.9) and without nephropathy (mean = 128.23 ± 46.8) as compared to controls (mean = 94.4± 28.6). No significant association (÷2 = 7.402, p-value=0.116) was observed between ACE genotyping and T2DM. However, those who have DD (O.R= 2.714, 95% CI=0.943-7.809) genotype of ACE polymorphism was at risk of diabetes but the results were non-significant. However, no risk was present at the diabetic nephropathy females.Conclusion: These outcomes propose that the ACE gene may not contribute to T2DM in the Pakistanicohort. However, ACE levels were higher among T2DM with and without nephropathy patients.
Breast Feeding Practices and Knowledge In Semi urban Area Of Pakistan
Authors: Hina Ammarah , Riaz Mayda , Athar Tahira , Hina Sadia , Sehar Komal , Majeed Muhammad  Tahir 
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the optimal breastfeeding practices and itsknowledge in women of semi- urban areas of Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Pediatrics outpatient department. The data was collected in three months, from the 9th of March to the 6th of June 2021. Two hundred (200) mothers of children less than two years of age were included in the study. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to interview mothers and readings were recorded. Demographic variables and mothers’ knowledge and practices of breast feeding were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.Results: The majority of mothers belonged to the age group 20-30 years, were educated to variousgrades of schooling, underwent caesarean section, had children less than 1 year of age, and came from families earning less than Pakistan Rupees 20,000 per month. The majority also thought to initiate breastfeeding after one hour of birth, were aware of it to be the first thing offered to neonates after birth, and knew beneficial effects of breastfeeding on maternal health. Though the majority of the mothers practiced prelacteal feed and didn’t exclusively breastfeed their child but practiced awakening their child for feeding if interval exceeded two hours. Most common prelacteal feed was honey, and bottle feeding was the most preferred mode of feeding the infant. Exclusive breastfeeding was found to be significantly associated with the mode of delivery (p=0.044). No statistically significant association was found between exclusive breastfeeding with early initiation of feeding, maternal age, and maternal education.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that despite awareness, ‘optimal breastfeeding’ is not prac-ticed adequately in semi-urban areas of Pakistan. Mothers should be timely and properly counseled by healthcare professionals for breastfeeding to reduce morbidity and mortality in fants.