bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights from the judgement bias paradigm: social group and tank size do not affect mental state in female guppies
Authors: Epping Judith , Kotrschal Alexander , Kotrschal Séverine D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptimal holding conditions are key to animal welfare. How stressful husbandry is perceived by the animal can be determined via an assessment of an animal's mental state – where it is positioned on the continuum between optimistic and pessimistic states – and can be measured using the judgement bias paradigm. In this test, individuals are trained to distinguish a rewarded from an unrewarded cue before being presented an ambiguous, intermediate cue. The response time to the ambiguous cue is then indicative of mental state. A shorter latency suggests a more positive (optimistic) mental state and a longer latency a more negative (pessimistic) mental state. Here, the authors used the judgement bias paradigm to assess the impact of standard laboratory housing conditions on the mental states of female guppies (Poecilia reticulata). As it is debated which holding conditions confer optimal welfare, they tested the impact of husbandry on mental state by keeping animals for 3 weeks in small or large social groups in either small or large tanks. They found that the different standard housing conditions used did not lead to differences in mental state. As an unexpected side result, they found that female guppies seem lateral. Their findings of comparable mental state across housing conditions suggest either that guppies perceive the tested conditions as equally stressful or, alternatively, that guppies are relatively resilient to the combination of group and tank sizes tested in this study. The authors conclude that the judgement bias paradigm can be a useful tool to assess fish welfare.
Participatory development and implementation of a dementia care pathway with intervention bundles in acute care during the coronavirus pandemic: A process evaluation study
Authors: Petry Heidi , Ernst Jutta , Naef Rahel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the implementation of a dementia care pathway in an acute care setting.BackgroundDementia care in acute settings is often constrained by contextual factors. We developed an evidence‐based care pathway with intervention bundles, and implemented it on two trauma units, with the aim to empower staff and improve quality care.DesignProcess evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods.MethodsPre‐implementation, unit staff completed a survey (n = 72) assessing family and dementia care skills and level of evidence‐based dementia care. Post‐implementation, champions (n = 7) completed the same survey, with additional questions on acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility, and participated in a focus group interview. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).Reporting GuidelineStandards for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist.ResultsPre‐implementation, staff's perceived skills in family and dementia care were moderate overall, with high skills in ‘building relationships’ and ‘sustaining personhood’. Evidence‐based interventions were delivered seldom to frequent, with ‘individualized care’ scoring lowest and ‘assessing cognition’ scoring highest. Implementation of the care pathway/intervention bundles was overshadowed by the pandemic, and failed due to major organisational‐ and process‐related barriers. Acceptability scored highest and feasibility lowest, with concerns relating to complexity and compatibility of pathways/bundles when introduced into clinical routines.ConclusionsOur study implies that organisational and process factors are the most influential determinants to the implementation of dementia care in acute settings. Future implementation efforts should draw on the evolving evidence within implementation science and dementia care research to ensure effective integration and improvement process.Relevance to Clinical PracticeOur study provides important learning around improving care for persons with dementia and their families in hospitals.Patient or Public ContributionA family caregiver was involved in the development of the education and training programme.
Take care of egotism, and redemption will take care of itself: Comments on Tracy Llanera's Richard Rorty: Outgrowing modern nihilism
Authors: Showler Paul D. G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis commentary critically examines two facets of Tracy Llanera's recent book Richard Rorty: Outgrowing Modern Nihilism. First, it considers her interpretation of Richard Rorty's redemptive project. It argues that, while Llanera succeeds in resolving tensions in Rorty's public‐private distinction, her account downplays the role of abnormal discourse within projects of self‐creation. Second, it raises several questions about Llanera's strategy for situating this redemptive project within debates concerning existential nihilism. On her view, one ought to follow Rorty in addressing the problem of egotism instead of the problem of nihilism, since the former is prior to the latter. But it is not clear who counts as an egotist, or why egotists are especially prone to becoming nihilists. Moreover, there are reasons to think that egotism and nihilism are fundamentally different kinds of problems.
Presenting characteristics and progression of pediatric‐onset morphea: Interim analysis of a prospective registry
Authors: Ng Ashley T. , Brandling‐Bennett Heather A. , Drolet Beth A. , Siegel Dawn H. , Chiu Yvonne E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMorphea is a rare fibrosing disorder with a highly variable disease course, which can complicate management. Here, we present a prospective cohort study describing the current treatments used in the management of pediatric‐onset morphea and assessing responses to systemic and topical therapies. Most patients demonstrated inactive disease by 1 year, regardless of treatment, though recurrences were common in our cohort overall (39%). Our results support the need for continuous monitoring of all children with morphea following the completion of treatment, including topical treatment, due to high rates of disease relapse.
Bilateralen coup de sabremorphea in a male child: A rare presentation
Authors: Bansal Shivani , Chojer Parul , Kaur Harmeet , Poonia Kavita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEn coup de sabreis a rare subtype of morphea. Only a few bilateral cases have been reported to date. We report a case of a 12‐year‐old male child with two linear brownish depressed asymptomatic lesions over the forehead with hair loss on the scalp. After thorough clinical, ultrasonography and brain imaging, a diagnosis of bilateralen coup de sabremorphea was made and the patient was treated with oral steroids and weekly methotrexate.
Plasma exchange—A useful adjunct therapy to red cell exchange in patients with sickle cell disease and multiorgan dysfunction
Authors: Webb C. B. , Yates S. G. , Sarode R. , Kim J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUrgent red cell exchange (RBCx) is indicated for many complications of sickle cell disease (SCD), including acute chest syndrome, stroke, and hepatic/splenic sequestration. Many who receive RBCx remain hospitalized and develop further complications, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a leading cause of death in intensive care units. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been advocated as an effective treatment of MODS, but its role in SCD compared with RBCx alone is not well studied.MethodsWe identified all ICU encounters from 2013 to 2019 involving RBCx procedures for MODS or SCD crisis that progressed to MODS, a total of 12 encounters. Data regarding hospital length of stay (LOS), survival, number of TPE procedures following RBCx, and procedure characteristics were collected. Surrogate laboratory markers of end‐organ damage and disease severity scores were recorded at the time of admission, post‐RBCx, post‐TPE, and at discharge.ResultsEight encounters involved RBCx followed by TPE (TPE group) while four involved RBCx alone (RBCx group). The TPE group had a higher SOFA score at ICU admission (9.5 vs. 7.0), greater predicted mortality, and a statistical trend toward higher disease severity scores following RBCx relative to the RBCx group (p = 0.10). The TPE group showed a significantly greater decrease in SOFA score between RBCx and discharge (p = 0.04). No significant difference in mortality or hospital LOS was observed between the groups.ConclusionThe findings suggest TPE may be considered as an adjunct treatment for patients with acute complications of SCD that progress to MODS, especially in cases where there is no significant improvement following RBCx.
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli in free‐living seals of Canadian Atlantic and eastern Arctic waters
Authors: Saab Matthew E. , Vanier Ghyslaine , Sudlovenick Enooyaq , Powell Ashley Lora , Simonee James , Desmarais Gabriel , Muckle Catherine Anne , Fairbrother John Morris , Daoust Pierre‐Yves 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeal populations in Canadian waters provide sustenance to coastal communities. There is potential for pathogenic and/or antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria to transfer to humans through inadvertent faecal contamination of seal products. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and potential antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in faecal samples collected from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and from ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Frobisher Bay and Eclipse Sound, Nunavut, Canada. Grey seals were harvested during commercial hunts or during scientific sampling; ringed seals were collected by Inuit hunters during subsistence harvests. Virulence genes defining pathogenic E. coli were identified by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on recovered isolates. In grey seals, E. coli was detected in 34/44 (77%) samples, and pathogenic E. coli (extraintestinal E. coli [ExPEC], enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] or ExPEC/EPEC) was detected in 13/44 (29%) samples. Non‐susceptibility to beta‐lactams and quinolones was observed in isolates from 18 grey seals. In ringed seals from Frobisher Bay, E. coli was detected in 4/45 (9%) samples; neither virulence genes nor antimicrobial resistance was detected in these isolates. In ringed seals from Eclipse Sound, E. coli was detected in 8/50 (16%) samples and pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC and ExPEC/EPEC) in 5/50 (10%) samples. One seal from Eclipse Sound had an E. coli isolate resistant to beta‐lactams. A monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was recovered from 8/50 (16%) seals from Eclipse Sound. All Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline. L. monocytogenes was not detected in any sample. These findings suggest that seals may act as important sentinel species and as reservoirs or vectors for antimicrobial‐resistant and virulent E. coli and Salmonella species. Further characterization of these isolates would provide additional insights into the source and spread of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in these populations of free‐living seals.
The Antecedents of Shared Leadership in Sport for Development and Peace Collaboratives
Authors: Kang Seungmin , Svensson Per G. 
Published: June 2023

While recent scholarship emphasizes the potential role of shared leadership as a viable alternative to help address existing challenges in the Sport for Development and Peace sector, limited attention has been given to understanding how and when shared leadership can be developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore antecedents of shared leadership based on practitioners’ lived experiences within multiorganizational collaboratives. A total of 30 practitioners involved in two multiorganizational Sport for Development and Peace collaboratives was interviewed. Data were analyzed through a two-cycle coding process. Four themes were identified, including (a) strategic planning, (b) support from vertical leaders, (c) shared events, and (d) personal characteristics of members as critical antecedents of shared leadership. The findings of this study provide a foundation for refining shared leadership theory. Additionally, the findings also allow for the identification of field-sensitive strategies practitioners can implement to develop environments more conducive to shared leadership development.
Undernutrition among children living in refugee camps: a systematic review of prevalence
Authors: Skinner Annabel , Tester-Jones Michelle Caroline , Carrieri Daniele 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThis review aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence of undernutrition in children under 5 years old in refugee camps according to the different indicators. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the quality and quantity of relevant epidemiological data available.DesignWe used a systematic review of prevalence study design to achieve the above aims. We sought eligible observational studies through database searching of OVID Medline, CAB Global Health, Scopus and PubMed; citation chasing; and grey literature searching.SettingThe setting of interest was refugee camps across the globe.ParticipantsParticipants in the studies included in the review were children under 5 years old.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome measures of interest were the prevalence of wasting, global acute malnutrition, stunting and underweight.ResultsThe review included 33 cross-sectional studies in 86 sites and a total of 36 750 participants. Overall, the quality of the studies was moderate to high, but some reports lacked clarity around data collection or outcome definitions. The results showed a wide variation in prevalence estimates across the different indicators and between different refugee camps. The median prevalence estimates of global acute malnutrition based on weight-for-height z-score, stunting and underweight were 7.1%, 23.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Using weight-for-height z-score identified a higher prevalence of acute malnutrition than using mid-upper arm circumference in the majority of studies.ConclusionsAcute malnutrition remains a public health problem in many refugee camps, but chronic malnutrition has a high prevalence in more locations. Research and policy must, therefore, focus not only on nutrition but also on the wider determinants of both acute and chronic undernutrition. The difference in prevalence of global acute malnutrition depending on the measure used has implications for screening and diagnosis.
Comparison of telehealth and supervised phase III cardiac rehabilitation in regional Australia: protocol for a non-inferiority trial
Authors: Collins Blake , Gordon Brett , Wundersitz Daniel , Hunter Jayden , Hanson Lisa C , O'Doherty Alasdair F , Hayes Abbey , Kingsley Michael 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionExercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes (ExCRP) promote recovery and secondary prevention for individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, enrolment and adherence to ExCRP in rural locations is low. Telehealth programmes provide a convenient, home-based intervention, but concerns remain about compliance to exercise prescription. This paper presents the rationale and protocol design to determine if telehealth delivered ExCRP is not inferior to supervised ExCRP for improving cardiovascular function and exercise fidelity.Method and analysisA non-inferiority, parallel (1:1), single-blinded randomised clinical trial will be conducted. Fifty patients with CVD will be recruited from a rural phase II ExCRP. Participants will be randomly assigned to telehealth or supervised ExCRP and prescribed three weekly exercise sessions for 6 weeks. Exercise sessions will include a 10 min warm up, up to 30 min of continuous aerobic exercise at a workload equivalent to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and a 10 min cool down. The primary outcome will be change in cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test. Secondary outcome measures will include change in blood lipid profile, heart rate variability, pulse wave velocity, actigraphy measured sleep quality and training fidelity. Non-inferiority will be confirmed if intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses conclude the same outcome following independent samples t-test with p<0.025.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics committees at La Trobe University, St John of God Health Care and Bendigo Health approved the study protocol and informed consent. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated among stakeholders.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000872730p; pre-results.
Exploring changing attitudes to non-invasive liver fibrosis tests in secondary care pathways: comparison of two national surveys
Authors: Abeysekera Kushala W M , Srivastava Ankur , Rowe Ian , Jarvis Helen , Ryder Stephen D , Yeoman Andrew , Dillon John F , Rosenberg William 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe increasing availability of non-invasive tests (NITs) has created the opportunity to explore their use in improving risk stratification of advanced liver disease. The study aimed to determine the attitudes and practices among UK secondary care specialists, focusing primarily on attitudes to fibrosis assessment and the use of NITs.MethodsTwo web-based surveys were circulated, first between 2014 and 2015 (survey 1), and again in 2021 (survey 2). The surveys were promoted via the British Society of Gastroenterology, the British Association for the Study of the Liver and using Twitter.ResultsIn survey 1, 215 healthcare professionals (HCPs) completed the online survey. 112 HCPs completed survey 2. 71 acute UK trusts were represented in survey 1 compared with 60 trusts in survey 2. Between the two surveys, the proportion of HCPs performing fibrosis assessment in all or nearly all cases rose from 45.1% to 74.1% (χ2=25.01; p<0.0001). 46.5% (n=33/71) respondents in acute services reported the use of NITs in clinical pathways in survey 1, rising to 70.0% (n=42/60) in survey 2 (χ2=7.35; p=0.007). Availability of tests has increased but is not universal. The proportion reporting availability as a barrier to uptake fell from 57.2% of responses in survey 1 to 38.4% in 2021 χ2=11.01; p=0.0009).ConclusionBetween 2014 and 2021, the role of NITs in fibrosis assessment has risen substantially, as has the proportion of clinicians using NITs in clinical pathways to assess risk of liver disease. Poor access to NITs remains the predominant barrier.
Annual recruitment is correlated with reproductive success in a smallmouth bass population
Authors: Philipp David P. , Claussen Julie E. , Ludden James , Svec Jana H. , Shultz Aaron D. , Cooke Steven J. , Ridgway Mark S. , Bell Allan H. , Philipp Madison A.C. , Suski Cory D. , Philipp Matthew M.C. , Phelan Frank J.S. , Stein Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2023

Annual recruitment in fish is undoubtedly impacted by a vast number of biotic and abiotic factors. That is especially the case for fish species such as the black bass (species in the genus Micropterus), where there is extended parental care. Although much focus has been given in the past on determining the roles that many of these factors (e.g., temperatures, wind, flow rates, and habitat change) play in determining recruitment among the back basses, little attention has been given to assessing what role reproductive success plays in that determination. To address this question, we conducted a long-term study on two adjacent smallmouth bass (SMB) Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802 populations in eastern ON to assess the relationship between annual fry cohort size (FCS) (i.e., population-wide reproductive success) and annual recruitment. To measure population-wide annual FCS, we used snorkel surveys to conduct a complete census of nesting SMB males during the spawn from 1990 to 2015. During those surveys, we quantified mating success, determined which nests were successful or not, and calculated the number of independent fry produced each year by summing those numbers across all successful nests. Summer snorkel surveys from 1991 to 2016 assessed annual recruitment through visual counts of age 1+ juveniles. Results demonstrated a highly significant, positive, linear relationship between annual FCS and annual recruitment.
Detecting nuclear mass distribution in isobar collisions via charmonium
Authors: Zhao Jiaxing , Shi Shuzhe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe collective properties of final state hadrons produced in the high statistics $$_{44}^{96}$$

44

96

Ru + $$_{44}^{96}$$

44

96

Ru and $$_{40}^{96}$$

40

96

Zr + $$_{40}^{96}$$

40

96

Zr collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}} = 200~\textrm{GeV}$$

s
NN

=
200

GeV

are found to be significantly different. Such differences were argued to be precise probes of the difference in nucleon distribution in the isobar nuclei. We investigate the $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

production in the isobar collision via a relativistic transport approach. By comparing the isobar systems according to equal centrality bin and equal multiplicity bin, we find that the yield ratio of $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

is sensitive to the differences in both the number of binary collisions and the medium evolution. Besides, the elliptic flow $$v_2$$

v
2

of $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

is qualitatively different from the light hadrons, and the ratio between Ru + Ru and Zr + Zr collisions is sensitive to the medium evolution. The charmonium production provides an independent probe to study the nucleon distribution in the isobar system.
Analysis of rescattering effects in $$3\pi $$ final states
Authors: Stamen Dominik , Isken Tobias , Kubis Bastian , Mikhasenko Mikhail , Niehus Malwin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDecays into three particles are often described in terms of two-body resonances and a non-interacting spectator particle. To go beyond this simplest isobar model, crossed-channel rescattering effects need to be accounted for. We quantify the importance of these rescattering effects in three-pion systems for different decay masses and angular-momentum quantum numbers. We provide amplitude decompositions for four decay processes with total $$J^{PC} = 0^{--}$$

J

PC

=

0

-
-

, $$1^{--}$$

1

-
-

, $$1^{-+}$$

1

-
+

, and $$2^{++}$$

2

+
+

, all of which decay predominantly as $$\rho \pi $$

ρ
π

states. Two-pion rescattering is described in terms of an Omnès function, which incorporates the $$\rho $$
ρ
resonance. Inclusion of crossed-channel effects is achieved by solving the Khuri–Treiman integral equations. The unbinned log-likelihood estimator is used to determine the significance of the rescattering effects beyond two-body resonances; we compute the minimum number of events necessary to unambiguously find these in future Dalitz-plot analyses. Kinematic effects that enhance or dilute the rescattering are identified for the selected set of quantum numbers and various masses.