bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental investigation on the adhesive, shear strength, and failure modes of glass fibre reinforced polymer flat‐joggle‐flat composite joints over different bonding techniques
Authors: Hiremath V. S. , Reddy D. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe utilisation of composite materials, especially glass fibre‐reinforced polymer has significantly developed as a result of design innovations in aircraft applications. Joints are a major issue as they are the weak point of composite construction. In this study, considering a flat‐joggle‐flat joint over the single‐lap‐joint, the effect of different manufacturing techniques on co‐bonding, secondary‐bonding, and co‐curing for flat‐joggle‐flat joints on the shear behaviour and dynamic characteristics were investigated. The results affirmed that flat‐joggle‐flat joints increased the load‐carrying capacity by 110 % compared to single‐lap joint. In continuance, results revealed that co‐cure flat‐joggle‐flat joints enhanced the load by 86.43 % and 20.00 %, along with increased shear strength of 8.9 MPa over co‐bonding and secondary‐bonding. Field emission scanning electron microscopy reveals that destructive failure occurs at joints in co‐bonding and secondary‐bonding due to an increase in stress between the adhesive and the adherend, which can lead to fibre failure and matrix damage. The dynamic characteristics, like fundamental natural frequency, are increased in co‐cure flat‐joggle‐flat joint compared to co‐bonding and secondary‐bonding joints. The investigation reveals that innovative flat‐joggle‐flat joints and suitable manufacturing processes improve the shear strength, and dynamic properties of composite joints.
Low‐rank updates of matrix square roots
Authors: Shmueli Shany , Drineas Petros , Avron Haim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModels in which the covariance matrix has the structure of a sparse matrix plus a low rank perturbation are ubiquitous in data science applications. It is often desirable for algorithms to take advantage of such structures, avoiding costly matrix computations that often require cubic time and quadratic storage. This is often accomplished by performing operations that maintain such structures, for example, matrix inversion via the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula. In this article, we consider the matrix square root and inverse square root operations. Given a low rank perturbation to a matrix, we argue that a low‐rank approximate correction to the (inverse) square root exists. We do so by establishing a geometric decay bound on the true correction's eigenvalues. We then proceed to frame the correction as the solution of an algebraic Riccati equation, and discuss how a low‐rank solution to that equation can be computed. We analyze the approximation error incurred when approximately solving the algebraic Riccati equation, providing spectral and Frobenius norm forward and backward error bounds. Finally, we describe several applications of our algorithms, and demonstrate their utility in numerical experiments.
Efficacy of dual‐task training on stability and function in children with ataxia after medulloblastoma resection: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Selim Fatma M. , Elshafey Mohamed A. , El‐Ayadi Moatasem M. , Albeltagi Doaa M. , Ali Mostafa S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground/objectiveIn children, medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent posterior fossa tumor. The first line of treatment is maximal safe resection. Therefore, symptoms of ataxia are commonly seen. Training the brain on balance and cognitive tasks makes balance more automatic than without cognitive tasks. The goal was to assess the effectiveness of dual‐task practice on balance after MB excision in children with ataxia.MethodsThirty children with ataxia after MB resection at Children Cancer Hospital Egypt were randomized into two equal groups. Exercises for mobility, balance, and gait training were given to both groups. The research group underwent a specific dual‐task program (balance and cognitive). The program ran 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Children were evaluated before and after the treatment regimen using the Scale of Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), the HUMAC Balance System, Pediatric Balance Scale, and Functional Independent Measurement. All children's legal guardians signed an ethical agreement.ResultsA notable improvement in balance was found in the dual group in Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) (p = .028) and stability test (p = .0001) in favor of the study group. No discernible difference was observed in the Functional Independent Measurement score among the two groups (p = .158), although there was a statistically significant increase in both groups after treatment.ConclusionDual‐task program is more effective than traditional physical therapy alone in improving balance in children with ataxia after MB resection.
Improved performance of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites with poly(butyl acrylate)‐modified cellulose nanowhiskers
Authors: Wang Xuan , Song Limei , Zhou Xuehua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPoly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) was grafted onto cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) via transesterification in an ionic liquid and solution polymerization in water. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction were used to determine the structure and morphology of the PBA‐modified CNW (CNW‐g‐PBA). Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/CNW‐g‐PBA nanocomposites were prepared by solution casting. The inclusion of CNW‐g‐PBA significantly increased the composite strength, toughness, and thermal stability. The maximum tensile strength and elongation‐at‐break values were approximately 28% and 268%, respectively, higher than those of PLA. The fracture surface showed typical ductile fracture characteristics. The glass‐transition temperature raised from 56.7 for PLA to 60.3°C for CNW‐g‐PBA (5 wt% PBA), and the crystallinity rose from 1.6% to 10.3%. These findings show that the modification of nanowhiskers increased their compatibility with, and dispersion in, PLA. These results show that a combination of surface‐functionalized CNWs and PLA provides biocomposites with a broad range of applications, for example, in packaging and biomedical products.Highlights
CNW‐g‐PBA was prepared by transesterification and solution polymerization route.
PLA/CNW‐g‐PBA exhibited strong and tough performance.
Compatibility mechanism have been developed.
Dichlorocarbene: From Jack Hine to Robert Moss
Authors: Platz Matthew S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA select history of dichlorocarbene chemistry between 1950 and 2010 will be presented. This is not a comprehensive review; rather, it is a personal perspective on the contributions of two respected colleagues, the reactive intermediate that spanned their research efforts, and their important contributions to organic synthesis and mechanistic thinking.
Maintenance optimization of a two‐component series system considering masked causes of failure
Authors: Hu Jiawen , Huang Yun , Shen Lijuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMaintenance planning of two‐component systems has been extensively studied in recent decades. In the literature, most studies assume that the failure cause of a two‐component system is self‐announcing. In some real applications, the failure cause is masked, and a diagnosis with professional equipment is needed to reveal the failed component. This study investigates a preventive replacement policy of a two‐component series system considering masked causes of failure. When an unexpected failure occurs, we can carry out a diagnosis to reveal the failed component and replace it subsequently, or we can directly replace the whole system without diagnosis. Meanwhile, when we carry out a preventive replacement on a component, the other component can be replaced opportunistically. We formulate the problem as a semi‐Markov decision process, and prove the existence of the stationary optimal policy. The optimal preventive replacement age thresholds for each component and the corresponding optimal maintenance actions upon each failure are jointly obtained to minimize the long‐term average maintenance cost per time unit. A comprehensive numerical study is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.
Pinning control for stabilization of coupled stochastic strict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Guo Wanying , Zhao Yi , Li Wenxue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article introduces a novel class of coupled stochastic strict‐feedback nonlinear systems (CSSFNSs) whose topology is not strongly connected. We are devoted to investigating the stabilization issue of CSSFNSs via pinning control. First, the specific form of controllers is decided through the back‐stepping method and the design of virtual controllers. Second, we find a new method to construct the global Lyapunov function of CSSFNS by employing the Lyapunov function of each stochastic strict‐feedback nonlinear system (SSFNS). Meanwhile, combining Lyapunov method with graph theory, several sufficient conditions to guarantee exponential stability in mean square of CSSFNS are obtained in the form of coefficients‐type criterion. Ultimately, our theoretical results are applied to a class of coupled oscillator systems and a predator‐prey model. Furthermore, the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results are illustrated by some numerical simulations.
Measuring the digital transformation maturity level independently with the design science research methodology
Authors: Haryanti Tining , Rakhmawati Nur Aini , Subriadi Apol Pribadi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study uses the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) approach in creating an artifact on the perspective of the Information System. Design Science as a valuable tool for creating a new artifact or developing an existing artifact through research. The DSRM Framework described in this study discusses the implementation of each stage, namely, Explicated Problem, Define Requirement, Design and Development, Demonstration, and Evaluation and is complemented by the implementation of case studies of artifact creation in DSRM stages. The Digital Maturity Measurement in question is a service to measure digital maturity in various dimensions. Each DSRM stage is mapped to a case study of that service.Canvas visualization is presented to describe a complete picture of how the artifacts of Digital maturity services are built with the DSRM approach. This research also provides guidance on the principles, procedures, and characteristics needed to build effective research.
Recent Progress on the Synthesis and Modified Strategies of Zeolitic‐Imidazole Framework‐67 Towards Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Zihan , Chaemchuen Somboon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a class of metal‐organic framework, the zeolitic‐imidazole framework‐67 is constructed from bridging cobalt ions and 2‐methylimidazole. The high content of abundant active cobalt species, uniform structure, ultrahigh porosity, and large surface area show the potential for multiple catalytic applications, especially electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The design and synthetic strategies of catalyst‐based ZIF‐67 that approach the maximized catalytic performance are still challenging in further development. Herein, the current progress strategy on the structural design, synthetic route, and functionalization of electrocatalysts based on ZIF‐67 to boost the catalytic performance of OER is reviewed. Besides, the structurally designed catalyst from various fabricated strategies corresponding to enhancing catalytic activity is discussed. The emphasized review for understanding design and synthetic structure with catalytic performance could guide researchers in further developing catalyst‐based ZIF‐67 for improving the efficient electrocatalytic OER.
Coupling non‐invasive imaging and reactive transport modeling to investigate water and oxygen dynamics in the root zone
Authors: Bereswill Sarah , Gatz‐Miller Hannah , Su Danyang , Tötzke Christian , Kardjilov Nikolay , Oswald Sascha E. , Mayer Klaus Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOxygen (O2) availability in soils is vital for plant growth and productivity. The transport and consumption of O2 in the root zone is closely linked to soil moisture content, the spatial distribution of roots, as well as structure and heterogeneity of the surrounding soil. In this study, we measure three‐dimensional root system architecture and the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture (θ) and O2 concentrations in the root zone of maize (Zea mays) via non‐invasive imaging, and then construct and parameterize a reactive transport model based on the experimental data. The combination of three non‐invasive imaging methods allowed for a direct comparison of simulation results with observations at high spatial and temporal resolution. In three different modeling scenarios, we investigated how the results obtained for different levels of conceptual complexity in the model were able to match measured θ and O2 concentration patterns. We found that the modeling scenario that considers heterogeneous soil structure and spatial variability of hydraulic parameters (permeability, porosity, and van Genuchten α and n), better reproduced the measured θ and O2 patterns relative to a simple model with a homogenous soil domain. The results from our combined imaging and modeling analysis reveal that experimental O2 and water dynamics can be reproduced quantitatively in a reactive transport model, and that O2 and water dynamics are best characterized when conditions unique to the specific system beyond the distribution of roots, such as soil structure and its effect on water saturation and macroscopic gas transport pathways, are considered.
Investigating Energy Cost Impact on Private Residential Buildings in the West Midlands Region of the UK
Authors: Abdi Ali , Ahmed Abdullahi , Gunatilake Rachitra , Onungwe Ishmael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the housing sector accounting for a huge share of the overall energy consumption rate globally, it is imperative to ascertain the energy efficiency of residential buildings and its cost implication on dwellers. This paper focuses on investigating the types of residential buildings available in the West Midlands region of United Kingdom, the level of comfort derived by dwellers from energy provisions on their buildings during different times of the year and the impact of energy cost on dwellers. The paper also explores factors influencing energy consumption patterns in residential buildings within the study area. The methodology adopted in this paper are secondary and primary data sources. The secondary data is based on updated literature from existing scholarly publications, while the primary data is based on semi-structured interview conducted with residents or dwellers of private residential buildings within the West Midlands region of United Kingdom. Qualitative analytical approach was used to synthesize the data obtained. Findings reveal that the energy efficiency or the sustainable rating of a building is a major determinant of a residential building energy consumption. Other findings are housing technical, socioeconomic status of dwellers, demography, dwellers preference and behaviour, climatic condition, and geographic factor. Further on, the outcome of the interviews reveals an upward increase in the cost of energy with its effect impacting residents negatively because of living wage in the presence of inflation and global economic meltdown.
Energy Policy as a Tool for Promoting Power System Resilience: Malawi’s Challenges and Potential Solutions
Authors: Chivunga Joyce Nyuma , Lin Zhengyu , Blanchard Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA constant production and delivery of electricity is crucial to the functioning of the society. Power systems, however, suffer from either physical, institutional or community level challenges under climate change. Specifically, Malawi is exposed to both climatic and geologic hazards. One of the guiding principles of the needs assessment and recovery strategy is to move from response to long term resilience. The national energy policy (NEP) is considered as one of the drivers of long-term power system resilience (PSR). Understanding the status of NEP is critical in coming up with long term resilience solutions because the qualitative evaluation in this case considers information about risks, the perceived severity of risks and possible impacts of shocks. Although prior studies contributed significantly to the resilience of electricity systems, none of those studies explored the possibility of the NEP being a critical key in promoting the resilience of the electricity sector to extreme weather events. This novel study, therefore, assessed the capacity of the NEP to promote infrastructure and institutional PSR. It also identified challenges regarding the capability of the policy to support PSR. Finally, the study suggested key policy solutions to the identified challenges. Content and thematic analysis were used to analyse the status of energy policy. While the capacity of the policy to promote infrastructural resilience was assessed by evaluating the level of technical policy implementations and status of electricity supply, institutional resilience’s capacity was determined through legal and capacity building policy implementations. Notably, the NEP fails to support PSR. Resilience policies, energy policy financing, energy policy management, coordination with key stakeholders, politics, energy data and capacity of the Ministry of energy are critical issues.
Multiple-Criteria Optimization of Residential Buildings Envelope Toward nZEBs: Simplified Approach for Damascus Post-war
Authors: Khaddour Lina A. , Yeboah Siegfried K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSyria faces significant challenges in optimizing residential building energy consumption to subsequently reduce CO2 emissions due to its conventional construction methods and systems, exacerbated by the recent conflict. Post-war re-construction provides new opportunities for improvement in building standards through the 2009 BIC insulation code towards nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs). However, the decline in economy growth poses significant challenges. In this study, we formulate a simplified building envelope selection approach using multi-criterion optimization methodology based on simulated thermal loads using IESVE and cost-energy trade-off. IESVE was used to evaluate the thermal performances of five cases representing 5 different building envelope structures on existing buildings in Damascus, Syria. Four out of the five cases were BIC compliant, and their thermal performances and cost energy trade-offs were evaluated against that of a conventional building representing the construction-as-usual case. Payback on the investment in insulation improvement of the envelope structures were also calculated. The results overall shows that the envelope structures incorporating insulation layer reduced annual heating, cooling, and combined energy loads of those buildings. Comparatively, these improvements were slightly better under winter conditions than in summer. Based on payback period analysis, none of the improvements provided acceptable economical payback within five years, as energy consumption tariffs were extremely low and insulation material costs were extremely high. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) framework was developed and applied to the cases investigated. Based on the limitations of the BIC, no optimal solution was obtained. However, the framework provides a good basis for stakeholders to make sound decisions in transitioning buildings especially under post war context towards nZEBs.
Simulating the Effects of Inertia and Frequency Response Services on Transient Propagation in a Networked Grid
Authors: Cooke A. Christian , Mestel B. Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs part of climate change mitigation efforts, there has been acceleration in the deployment of distributed renewable generation replacing conventional thermal power plants in grids across the world. As a result, there has been a change in the aggregate and regional inertial capacity, with consequences for the stability of these networks and their ability to withstand large variations in frequency. Building on previous work that successfully simulated frequency events on the GB grid using a single bus model, this paper describes a networked grid model using an algebraic differential system of equations. This is used to simulate the effects of localized variation in inertia and frequency response services on the propagation of transients across a network. Using this model, the effects of varying responses to transients can be investigated, and grids of varying scales and topologies can be compared to determine differences in their response to outages. The propagation of disturbances across domains within the network that have different frequency response characteristics can be examined with a view to drawing conclusions about the optimal deployment of frequency response services, and their relative cost-effectiveness in delivering a stable supply as the proportion of renewable generation in the energy mix grows.
Cross-lingual extreme summarization of scholarly documents
Authors: Takeshita Sotaro , Green Tommaso , Friedrich Niklas , Eckert Kai , Ponzetto Simone Paolo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe number of scientific publications nowadays is rapidly increasing, causing information overload for researchers and making it hard for scholars to keep up to date with current trends and lines of work. Recent work has tried to address this problem by developing methods for automated summarization in the scholarly domain, but concentrated so far only on monolingual settings, primarily English. In this paper, we consequently explore how state-of-the-art neural abstract summarization models based on a multilingual encoder–decoder architecture can be used to enable cross-lingual extreme summaries of scholarly texts. To this end, we compile a new abstractive cross-lingual summarization dataset for the scholarly domain in four different languages, which enables us to train and evaluate models that process English papers and generate summaries in German, Italian, Chinese and Japanese. We present our new X-SCITLDR dataset for multilingual summarization and thoroughly benchmark different models based on a state-of-the-art multilingual pre-trained model, including a two-stage pipeline approach that independently summarizes and translates, as well as a direct cross-lingual model. We additionally explore the benefits of intermediate-stage training using English monolingual summarization and machine translation as intermediate tasks and analyze performance in zero- and few-shot scenarios. Finally, we investigate how to make our approach more efficient on the basis of knowledge distillation methods, which make it possible to shrink the size of our models, so as to reduce the computational complexity of the summarization inference.