bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral superconductivity in UTe2 probed by anisotropic low-energy excitations
Authors: Ishihara Kota , Roppongi Masaki , Kobayashi Masayuki , Imamura Kumpei , Mizukami Yuta , Sakai Hironori , Opletal Petr , Tokiwa Yoshifumi , Haga Yoshinori , Hashimoto Kenichiro , Shibauchi Takasada 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chiral spin-triplet superconductivity is a topologically nontrivial pairing state with broken time-reversal symmetry, which can host Majorana quasiparticles. The heavy-fermion superconductor UTe2 exhibits peculiar properties of spin-triplet pairing, and the possible chiral state has been actively discussed. However, the symmetry and nodal structure of its order parameter in the bulk, which determine the Majorana surface states, remains controversial. Here we focus on the number and positions of superconducting gap nodes in the ground state of UTe2. Our magnetic penetration depth measurements for three field orientations in three crystals all show the power-law temperature dependence with exponents close to 2, which excludes single-component spin-triplet states. The anisotropy of low-energy quasiparticle excitations indicates multiple point nodes near the ky- and kz-axes in momentum space. These results can be consistently explained by a chiral B3u+iAu non-unitary state, providing fundamentals of the topological properties in UTe2.
Evolution of antimicrobial cysteine-rich peptides in plants
Authors: Ma Huizhen , Feng Yong , Cao Qianqian , Jia Jing , Ali Muhammad , Shah Dilip , Meyers Blake C. , He Hai , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To defend against diverse groups of pathogens, plants produce cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) with long-lasting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. We analyzed 240 plant genomes ranging from algae to eudicots and our comparative genomics results revealed that CRPs are widely distributed in plants. Further, we found that CRP genes have been amplified through both whole genome and local tandem duplication. Their copy number varied significantly across lineages and was associated with the plant ecotype, which may be the result of resistance to changing pathogenic environments. The conserved and lineage-specific CRP families contribute to diverse antimicrobial activities. Moreover, we investigated the unique bi-domain CRPs that result from unequal crossover events. Our findings provide a unique evolutionary perspective on CRPs and provide insights into their antimicrobial and symbiosis characteristics.
Predictors of galcanezumab response in a real-world study of Korean patients with migraine
Authors: Kim Seung Ae , Jang Hyemin , Lee Mi Ji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: To assess factors associated with galcanezumab response in a real-world study of Korean patients with migraine.
Background: Predictors of the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (anti-CGRP(-R) mAb) have been rarely investigated in Asians.
Methods: We prospectively recruited and followed up patients with migraine who received monthly galcanezumab treatment in a single university hospital from June 2020 to October 2021. We defined the treatment response with ≥ 50% reduction in moderate/severe headache days in the 3rd month of treatment compared to baseline. Responders and non-responders were compared in terms of demographics, disease characteristics and severity, and previous response to migraine prophylactic treatments. Potential predictors of anti-CGRP(-R) mAb response were tested by using the univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Results: Among 104 patients (81.7% female; mean age 42.0 ± 13.02; 76.9% chronic migraine; and 45.5% medication overuse headache) included, 58 (55.7%) were responders. Non-responders had more chronic migraine, medication overuse headache, monthly headache days, days with acute medication, and daily persistent headaches. The multivariable logistic analysis showed chronic migraine (OR 0.05 [95% CI 0.00–0.82], p=0.036) and the number of previously failed preventive medication classes (OR 0.55 [95% CI 0.33–0.92], p=0.024] were independently associated with treatment response.
Conclusion: Chronic migraine and multiple failures from preventive medication are associated with poor galcanezumab response. Further studies are needed to investigate if earlier treatment before disease chronification or multiple failures may lead to a greater therapeutic gain from anti-CGRP(-R) mAb treatment.
RBM17 expression is associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with low PD-L1 expression
Authors: Nagamine Hiroaki , Yashiro Masakazu , Yoshimoto Naoki , Izumi Motohiro , Sugimoto Akira , Nakahama Kenji , Ogawa Koichi , Matsumoto Yoshiya , Sawa Kenji , Tani Yoko , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Mitsuoka Shigeki , Yamada Kazuhiro , Watanabe Tetsuya , Aasai Kazuhisa , Fukumura Kazuhiro , Mayeda Akila , Kawaguchi Tomoya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently a standard treatment tool for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RNA-binding motif protein 17 (RBM17), a splicing factor,is frequently overexpressed in NSCLC, but little is known about the role of RBM17 in the efficacy of ICIs for NSCLC. Thus, we investigated the correlations between RBM17 expression and ICI efficacy in NSCLC. We collected biopsy or surgical specimens from patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who received ICI monotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy in a first-line setting. RBM17 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the correlation between the efficacy of ICI monotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy and RBM17 expression. Among the 218 cases, 115 (52.8%) cases were positive for RBM17 expression. RBM17 expression was not associated with the objective response rate (ORR) or progression-free survival (PFS) in either of the ICI monotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy groups. However, among those with a low PD-L1 expression level (PD-L1 < 50%; n = 86), RBM17 expression was significantly associated with a better ORR (p = 0.045) and a better PFS (p < 0.001) in the ICI monotherapy group, and was significantly associated with a poor ORR in the chemo-immunotherapy group (p = 0.041). In conclusion, RBM17 might be a useful predictive marker for a higher efficacy of ICI monotherapy in NSCLC patients with a low PD-L1 expression level.
Reduction of non-tidal oceanographic fluctuations in ocean bottom pressure records of DONET using principal component analysis to enhance tectonic transient detectability
Authors: Otsuka Hideto , Ohta Yusaku , Hino Ryota , Kubota Tatsuya , Inazu Daisuke , Inoue Tomohiro , Takahashi Narumi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ocean bottom pressure-gauge (OBP) records play an essential role in seafloor geodesy. Oceanographic fluctuations in OBP data, however, pose as a significant noise source in seafloor transient crustal deformation observations, including slow slip events (SSEs), making it crucial to evaluate them quantitatively. To extract the significant fluctuation phenomena common to multiple observation networks, including oceanographic fluctuations and tectonic signals, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to the 3-year Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) OBP time series for 40 stations during 2016–2019. PCA could separate several oceanographic signals based on the characteristics of their spatial distributions, although evident transient tectonic signals could not be confirmed from the observed pressure records during this observed period. The spatial distribution of the first four principal components (PCs) reflected the common component, inclined component along sea depth, longitude component, and parabola-like pattern, respectively. By subtracting each PC (in particular, PC2 and PC4) from time series, we were able to significantly reduce the sea depth dependence of OBP records, which has been pointed out in several previous studies and is also evident in this region. We interpreted PC2–4 as the reflection of the strength and meandering of ocean geostrophic currents based on a comparison with the PCs’ spatial distribution of the numerical oceanographic models. In addition, to evaluate the ability of PCA to separate transient tectonic signal from OBP time series, including oceanographic fluctuations, we conducted a synthetic ramp assuming an SSE by rectangular fault and then applied PCA. The assumed synthetic tectonic signal could be separated from the oceanographic signals and included in the principal component independently depending on its amplitude; meaning, the spatial distribution of each PC would change if the amplitude of the synthetic signal was enough to large. We propose a transient event-detection method based on the spatial distribution difference of a specific PC with or without a tectonic signal. We used the normalized inner product (NIP) between these PCs as the indicator of their similarities. This method can detect transient tectonic signals more significantly than the moment-magnitude scale of 5.9 from OBP records.
Enoxaparin for VTE thromboprophylaxis for inpatient rehabilitation care: assessment of the standard fixed dosing regimen
Authors: Haim Amir , Avnery Orli , Asher Dvora , Amir Hagay , Hashem Kaifa , Zvi Harel Ben , Ratmansky Motti 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background. We aimed to examine the efficiency of fixed daily dose enoxaparin (40 mg) thromboprophylaxis strategy for patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.
Methods. This was an observational, prospective, cohort study that included 63 hospitalized patients undergoing rehabilitative treatment following sub-acute ischemic stroke (SAIS) or spinal cord injury (SCI), with an indication for thromboprophylaxis. Anti-Xa level measured three hours post-drug administration (following three consecutive days of enoxaparin treatment or more) was utilised to assess in vivo enoxaparin activity. An anti-Xa level between 0.2–0.5 U/ml was considered evidence of effective antithrombotic activity.
Results. We found sub-prophylactic levels of anti-Xa (< 0.2 U/ml) in 19% (12/63). Results were within the recommended prophylactic range (0.2–0.5 U/ml) in 73% (46/63) and were supra-prophylactic (> 0.5 U/ml) in 7.9% (5/63) of patients. Anti-Xa levels were found to inversely correlate with patients’ weight and renal function as defined by creatinine clearance (CrCl) (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Our study confirmed that a one-size-fits-all approach for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis may be inadequate for rehabilitation patient populations. The efficacy of fixed-dose enoxaparin prophylaxis is limited and may be influenced by renal function and weight. This study suggests that anti-Xa studies and prophylactic enoxaparin dose adjustments should be considered in certain patients, such as those who are underweight, overweight and or have suboptimal renal function.
Trial Registration. No. NCT103593291, registered August 2018.
Prediction and experimental evidence of different growth phases of the Podospora anserina hyphal network
Authors: Ledoux Clara , Florence Chapeland-Leclerc , Gwenaël Ruprich-Robert , Bobée Cécilia , Lalanne Christophe , Herbert Éric , David Pascal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The growth of the mycelial network of a filamentous fungus is monotonous, showing an ever increasing complexity with time. The components of the network growth are very simple and based on two mechanisms: the elongation of each hypha, and their multiplication by successive branching. These two mechanisms are sufficient to produce a complex network, and could be localized only at the tips of hyphae. However, branching can be of two types, apical or lateral, depending on its location on the hyphae, therefore imposing the redistribution of the necessary material in the whole mycelium. From an evolutionary point of view, maintaining different branching processes, with its associated cost, is intriguing. We propose in this work to discuss the advantages of each branching type using a new observable for the network growth allowing us to compare growth configurations. For this purpose, we build on experimental observations of the {\it Podospora anserina} thallus growth, enabling us to feed and constrain a lattice-free modeling of this network based on a binary tree. First, we report the set of statistics related to the branches of {\it P. anserina} that we have implemented into the model. Then, we build the density observable, allowing us to discuss the succession of growth phases. We predict that the evolution of the density is not monotonic but presents a marked stationary phase, clearly separating an anterior phase from a posterior one. The time of appearance of this stable region appears to be driven solely by the growth rate. Finally, we show that the density is a good observable to differentiate growth stress.
Face Mask Recognition System using Adapted Capsule Neural Networks for Medical Institutions
Authors: El-Magd Lobna M.Abou , Goda Essam , Darwish Ashraf , Hassnien Aboul Ella 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Masks are essential, especially in medical institutions, due to the global spread of illnesses and epidemics. This paper presents an unprecedented neural network called the capsule network for face mask recognition. The capsule network has proven to be most suitable for real-life image recognition, as it relies on the spatial relationship features of the image. This paper presents an adapted capsule network by adding a block for deep feature extraction. The proposed system has two phases; the first phase usesVGG16 and VGG19 as a pre-training module for the feature extractions, while the second phase is based on the Capsule network for the face mask recognition phase. Two benchmark datasets are used to test the proposed approach; Real-World Masked Face Dataset (RMFD) and Simulated Masked Face Recognition Dataset (SMFRD).The accuracy of the testing system based on RMFD data sets of CapsNet, VGG16, and VGG19 is 99.87%, 99.90%, and 99.94%, respectively. In contrast, the accuracy of CapsNet with VGG19 reaches 99.94% on the SMFD data. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented face mask recognition system.
OLFWA: A Novel Fireworks Algorithm with New Explosion Operator and Two Stages Information Utilization
Authors: Fan Mingjie , Zhou Yupeng , Han Mingzhang , Zhao Xinchao , Tan Ying 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Fireworks Algorithm (FWA) is a relatively new algorithm which has shown to be competitive with other intelligent optimization algorithms. In most of FWA variants, a simple random explosion is used to generate sparks, together with the guiding operator to study the promising search direction. However, this mechanism is inefficient to exploit the local landscape and to explore the promising search direction. In this paper, we firstly propose a novel explosion method based on orthogonal design (OD), which applies the orthogonal array to control the distribution of sparks and enables the sparks' information to be efficiently analysed. Then, a two-stage information utilization mechanism is designed. In the first stage, the orthogonal learning (OL) prediction operator is proposed to exploit the local optima based on the factor analysis of both objective function value and the ranking feature information. In the second stage, an enhanced guiding method is employed to determine the promising search direction. The new guiding operator not only uses an extra archive to collect the valuable information in the searching history, but also guides the guided point to a more reasonable position. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm (OLFWA) achieves better performance than the state-of-the-art FWA variants, several famous OD-based algorithms and other promising algorithms. Furthermore, the effectiveness of each proposed strategy and the interactions among them are deeply analysed. Finally, it is proven that the proposed information utilization mechanism can be easily transplanted on other OD-based algorithms, bringing them a better optimization performance.
Investigations on Connections of Ozone with Trace Gases and Meteorological Conditions during the Severe Smog Conditions over Delhi
Authors: Srivast Nishi , Tewari Apurba , Das Anik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A tremendous increase in air pollutants has remarkably affected the breathing space in our ecosystem and degraded the air quality. Production of air pollutants integrated with boundary layer meteorology controls the concentration and dilution of contaminants. Air pollution worsens during the wintertime due to smog formation in urban areas. Delhi in India is severely affected by smog in the winter, where surface ozone (O3) and particulate matter are prime contributors. In this work, we have detailedly analyzed the connection between O3 and trace gases, i.e., NOx, carbon monoxide (CO), benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and ammonia, and also the influence of particulate matter and meteorological conditions. Investigations showed a significant negative correlation between O3 and its precursor gases. Particulate matter and ammonia, which may contribute indirectly to ozone formation, seem uncorrelated with ozone. Solar radiation and air temperature contribute positively to ozone formation. Wind-speed positively correlated with ozone, but high wind usually dilutes the concentration of pollutants. Thus positive correlation may represent ozone transport from other locations to observational sites. Toluene and benzene ratio are estimated to understand the nature of emission sources and time duration. The analysis of benzene and toluene fractions at study sites indicates the likely anthropogenic sources of the air masses sampled. Very high T/B values at several sites indicated that benzene was emitted from vehicular emission while toluene was from point sources. Ozone formation potential analysis showed that toluene and p-xylene are the prime contributors to ozone. The site AV showed stringent behavior, which needs further detailed research.
Brain Ventricle and Choroid Plexus Morphology as Predictor of Treatment Response: Findings from the EMBARC Study
Authors: Murck Harald , Fava Maurizio , Cusin Cristina , Chin-Fatt Cherise , Trivedi Madhukar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent observations suggest a role of the choroid plexus (CP) and cerebral ventricle volume (CV), to identify treatment resistance of major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis that these markers are associated with clinical improvement in subjects from the EMBARC study, as implied by a recent pilot study. The EMBARC study characterized biological markers in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of sertraline vs. placebo in patients with MDD. Association of baseline volumes of CV, CP and of the corpus callosum (CC) with treatment response after 4 weeks treatment were evaluated. 171 subjects (61 male, 110 female) completed the 4 week assessments; gender, site and age were taken into account for this analyses. As previously reported, no treatment effect of sertraline was observed, but prognostic markers for clinical improvement were identified. Responders (n = 54) had significantly smaller volumes of the CP and lateral ventricles, whereas the volume of mid-anterior and mid-posterior CC was significantly larger compared to non-responders (n = 117). A positive correlation between CV volume and CP volume was observed, whereas a negative correlation between CV volume and both central-anterior and central-posterior parts of the CC emerged. In an exploratory way correlations between enlarged VV and CP volume on the one hand and signs of metabolic syndrome, in particular triglyceride plasma concentrations, were observed. A primary abnormality of CP function in MDD may be associated with increased ventricles, compression of white matter volume, which may affect treatment response speed or outcome. Metabolic markers may mediate this relationship.
Insulin-dependent GLUT4 is a risk factor for cancer in the prostate
Authors: Gonzalez-Menendez Pedro , Moran-Alvarez Alba , Mayo Juan C. , Cernuda-Cernuda Rafael , Alvarez-Artime Alejandro , Hevia David , Rodriguez-Gonzalez Pablo , Garcia-Alonso Jose I. , Lambert Carmen , Delgado Elias , Alonso-Arias Rebeca , Alvarez-Mugica Miguel , Dominguez-Esteban Mario , Sainz Rosa M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Diabetic men are less likely to suffer prostate cancer, and insulin signalling through insulin receptors has been long considered. However, the role of insulin-dependent glucose transporters has yet to be elucidated. The unique metabolic properties of prostate cancer are attributed to the central role of androgens. Androgen-sensitive tumour cells have higher mitochondrial activity, while castration-resistant cells exhibit aerobic glycolysis. In addition, to glycolysis, one of the hallmarks of cancer metabolism is increased glucose uptake. However, the prostate's oncogenic value of glucose transporters (GLUTs) needs to be better characterized. This research aims to discover the relevance of insulin-dependent glucose transporters to cancer progression and their importance in the protective role of diabetes in prostate cancer.
Methods: Androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-insensitive PC-3 cells were used in vitro. Castration-resistant LNCaP-R cells and cells overexpressing GLUT1 or GLUT4 were established from LNCaP cell line. In addition, TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate) mice and prostatic samples from patients were employed.
Results: We found that androgens stimulate insulin-independent glucose transporters, while androgen independence is associated with GLUT4 overexpression. The ectopic overexpression of GLUT4 promotes the characteristics of a castration-resistant phenotype. Metabolomics confirmed that hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells show an oxidative metabolism with a clear enrichment in amino acid metabolism. Diabetic TRAMP mice showed total tumour regression, while insulin administration restored proliferation and recovered GLUT4 levels. The levels of GLUT4 increase along with tumour progression in TRAMP mice, and it is reduced by castration and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Finally, the levels of GLUT4 accumulation in tumour tissues compared to normal epithelial in patients' samples showed a clear co-location with nuclear AR.
Conclusion: Here it is confirmed the relevance of insulin-mediated glucose uptake through GLUT4 with prostate cancer progression and its relation to the reduced occurrence of prostate cancer in diabetic men.
Material Selection and Structural Assessment of Offshore Aquaculture Floating Structures for Seaweed Farming
Authors: Oladokun Olanrewaju , Tee Kong Fah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The materials used for offshore aquaculture floating structures in seaweed farming usually have less durability due to oceanic environmental factors. This affects the production of seaweed and increases the cost of production due to the breakdown of the structures. The floating structure of seaweed farming can be improved by choosing a suitable material based on the material's properties, strength, and safe working load. Studies have shown that high modulus Polyethylene is a very suitable material for offshore structures. Past materials used by farmers are reviewed to assess suitable material for offshore structures and the hydrostatic analysis is carried out to determine the pressure and load that the structures can withstand.