bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colopathy Associated with Pentosan Polysulfate Use
Authors: Jung Emily H. , Zheng Wei , Weiss Ryan J. , Mathew Namita E. , Meyer Benjamin I. , Nizam Azhar , Iskandar Heba , Jain Nieraj 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionWe describe a novel colopathy associated with pentosan polysulfate (PPS) use and measure the strength of the drug-disease association.MethodsTwo-part investigation. In the cohort study of individuals with a history of prior long-term PPS use, case histories were obtained and gastrointestinal disease course was followed with review of endoscopy records and histopathology specimens. Findings were summarized with descriptive statistics. In the cross-sectional study of individuals with interstitial cystitis, drug exposure and medical histories were obtained for patients seen at a single clinical center. Strength of association between PPS use and diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and/or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was measured with multivariate logistic regression.ResultsIn the cohort study of 13 participants, median PPS exposure was 2.04 kg (0.99–2.54). Eleven (84.6%) developed symptoms suggestive of IBD and/or IBS after initiation of PPS therapy. Of the 10 participants whose endoscopic and histopathologic findings we reviewed, six had abnormal-appearing colonic mucosa on endoscopy and all 10 had abnormal mucosal changes on histology. Clinical and histologic improvement was observed after PPS cessation. In the cross-sectional study of 219 subjects with interstitial cystitis, PPS use was a statistically significant predictor of both the IBD [adjusted odds ratio=3.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–8.8, p=0.02)] and the composite IBD+IBS [adjusted odds ratio=3.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.5–7.3, p=0.002)] outcomes.DiscussionWe describe a strong association between PPS use and a clinical diagnosis of IBD and/or IBS. Histopathologic findings suggest a novel drug-associated colopathy, with some subjects requiring colectomy for dysplasia.
Social support improves nurses’ resilience: a cross-sectional study in Greece
Authors: Galanis Petros , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Vraka Irene , Siskou Olga , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Katsoulas Theodoros , Gallos Parisis , Kaitelidou Daphne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince nursing job is perceived as personally and professionally demanding, internal resources such as resilience and coping skills are essential to improve nurses’ health and wellbeing and therefore work productivity and quality of patient care.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of social support on nurses’ resilience. Moreover, we investigated the impact of demographic characteristics of nurses on their resilience.MethodsWe conducted an on-line cross-sectional study in Greece. Data were collected during October 2022. We used the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to measure social support, and the Brief Resilience Scale to measure resilience. We measured the following demographic characteristics of nurses: gender, age, self-perceived health status, COVID-19 diagnosis, MSc/PhD diploma, and clinical experience.ResultsStudy population included 963 nurses with a mean age of 37.9 years. Nurses experienced moderate levels of resilience and high levels of social support. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified that increased significant others support and increased friends support were associated with increased resilience. Moreover, we found a positive relationship between age and resilience. Also, nurses with good/very good health had higher levels of resilience compared to nurses with very poor/poor/moderate health. Finally, resilience was higher among nurses with MSc/PhD diploma.ConclusionsWe found a positive relationship between social support and resilience among nurses. Understanding of factors that influence nurses’ resilience can add invaluable knowledge to develop and establish tailored programs. Peer support is essential to improve nurses’ resilience and promote patient healthcare.
Automated identification of abnormal infant movements from smart phone videos
Authors: Passmore E. , Kwong A. L. , Greenstein S. , Olsen J. E. , Eeles A. L. , Cheong J. L. Y. , Spittle A. J. , Ball G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disability during childhood. Early diagnosis is essential to improve functional outcomes of children with CP. The General Movements Assessment (GMA) is a strong predictor of CP, but access is limited by the need for trained GMA assessors. Using 503 infant movement videos acquired at 12-18 weeks’ term-corrected age, we developed a framework to automate the GMA using smartphone videos acquired at home. We trained a deep learning model to label and track 18 key body points, implemented a custom pipeline to adjust for camera movement and infant size and trained a convolutional neural network to predict GMA. Our model achieved an area under the curve (mean ± S.D.) of 0.80 ± 0.08 in unseen test data for predicting expert GMA classification. This work highlights the potential for automated GMA screening programs for infants.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-acute risk of non-Covid-19 infectious disease hospitalizations: a nationwide cohort study of Danish adults aged ≥50 years
Authors: Andersson Niklas Worm , Thiesson Emilia Myrup , Lassaunière Ria , Hansen Jørgen Vinsløv , Hviid Anders 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTReports suggest that the potential long-lasting health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection may involve persistent dysregulation of some immune populations, but the potential clinical implications are unknown. In a nationwide cohort of 2,430,694 50+-year-olds, we compared the rates of non-Covid-19 infectious disease inpatient hospitalizations (of ≥5 hours) following the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 930,071 individuals with rates among SARS-CoV-2 uninfected from 1 January 2021 to 10 December 2022. The post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an incidence rate ratio of 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.88-0.92) for any infectious disease hospitalization. Findings were similar for upper- (1.08, 0.97-1.20), lower respiratory tract (0.90, 0.87-0.93), influenza (1.04, 0.94-1.15), gastrointestinal (1.28, 0.78-2.09), skin (0.98, 0.93-1.03), urinary tract (1.01, 0.96-1.08), certain invasive bacterial (0.96, 0.91-0.1.01), and other (0.96, 0.92-1.00) infectious disease hospitalizations and in subgroups. Our study does not support an increased susceptibility to non-Covid-19 infectious disease hospitalization following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Effective concentration of marine nanoflagellates with a microfluidic device
Authors: Hamilton Bryan R. , Hunter-Cevera Kristen R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProtist cells are typically manipulated through either centrifugation or membrane filtration, which can damage these fragile cell types. Use of microfluidic devices could greatly aid in the separation and concentration of protist cells with significantly less damage. Recent developments have enabled passive cell separation and consequent concentration based only on cell size. We utilize these advances to show that a passive spiral microfluidic device can effectively concentrate marine nanoflagellates within the 3-20 micron size range without harm to cells, while reducing background bacteria levels. The ability to concentrate these cell types appears only dependent on cell size, despite complicated cell surface geometries and motility. We anticipate that this approach will greatly aid researchers who require an ability to manipulate fragile cell types as well as reduce bacteria concentrations for experimental setups and cell isolation.
Distributable, Metabolic PET Reporting of Tuberculosis
Authors: Khan R.M. Naseer , Ahn Yong-Mo , Marriner Gwendolyn A. , Via Laura E. , D’Hooge Francois , Lee Seung Seo , Yang Nan , Basuli Falguni , White Alexander G. , Tomko Jaime A. , Frye L. James , Scanga Charles A. , Weiner Danielle M. , Sutphen Michelle L. , Schimel Daniel M. , Dayao Emmanuel , Piazza Michaela K. , Gomez Felipe , Dieckmann William , Herscovitch Peter , Mason N. Scott , Swenson Rolf , Kiesewetter Dale O. , Backus Keriann M. , Geng Yiqun , Raj Ritu , Anthony Daniel C. , Flynn JoAnne L. , Barry Clifton E. , Davis Benjamin G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTuberculosis remains a large global disease burden for which treatment regimens are protracted and monitoring of disease activity difficult. Existing detection methods rely almost exclusively on bacterial culture from sputum which limits sampling to organisms on the pulmonary surface. Advances in monitoring tuberculous lesions have utilized the common glucoside [18F]FDG, yet lack specificity to the causative pathogenMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) and so do not directly correlate with pathogen viability. Here we show that a close mimic that is also positron-emitting of the non-mammalianMtbdisaccharide trehalose – 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxytrehalose ([18F]FDT) – can act as a mechanism-based enzyme reporter in vivo. Use of [18F]FDT in the imaging ofMtbin diverse models of disease, including non-human primates, successfully co-optsMtb-specific processing of trehalose to allow the specific imaging of TB-associated lesions and to monitor the effects of treatment. A pyrogen-free, direct enzyme-catalyzed process for its radiochemical synthesis allows the ready production of [18F]FDT from the most globally-abundant organic18F-containing molecule, [18F]FDG. The full, pre-clinical validation of both production method and [18F]FDT now creates a new, bacterium-specific, clinical diagnostic candidate. We anticipate that this distributable technology to generate clinical-grade [18F]FDT directly from the widely-available clinical reagent [18F]FDG, without need for either bespoke radioisotope generation or specialist chemical methods and/or facilities, could now usher in global, democratized access to a TB-specific PET tracer.
Rapid and continuing regional decline of butterflies in eastern Denmark 1993-2019
Authors: Bjerregård Emil Blicher , Baastrup-Spohr Lars , Markussen Bo , Bruun Hans Henrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany butterfly populations respond negatively to land-use intensification in human-dominated landscapes. However, networks of protected sites have been established with the aim to halt species loss.We undertook annual surveys of all populations of 22 uncommon butterfly species in eastern Denmark during the period 2014-2019 and compared to a systematic atlas survey done 1989-1993, in order to assess trends in regional occupancy of species.Three out of 22 species went regionally extinct between 1993 and 2015. One species sustained a single population through the study period. Logistic regression for the remaining 18 species showed 10 to be in strong decline from 1993 to 2015, two showed a declining trend and six had stable trends. For all species except one, the declining trend continued 2015-2019. For five species, a sustained strong decline was evident.In 1993, the total count of populations for all 22 butterfly species was 565, which by 2019 had declined to 158 populations (a 72 % loss over 26 years). From 2015 to 2019, the total count of populations further shrank from 200 to 158 (a 21 % decline over just four years).Legal protection of areas (Natura 2000 and Danish Nature Protection Act §3) was, unexpectedly, not associated with lower probability of local extinction for butterfly population. The observed sustained decline across species suggests an overall low efficiency of the network of protected sites, probably due to a combination of misguided management regimes and payment of extinction debts from the past.
Piezo inhibition preventsandrescues scarring by targeting the adipocyte to fibroblast transition
Authors: Griffin Michelle F. , Talbott Heather E. , Guardino Nicholas J. , Guo Jason L. , Spielman Amanda F. , Chen Kellen , Parker Jennifer B.L. , Mascharak Shamik , Henn Dominic , Liang Norah , King Megan , Cotterell Asha C. , Bauer-Rowe Khristian E. , Abbas Darren B. , Diaz Deleon Nestor M. , Sivaraj Dharshan , Fahy Evan J. , Downer Mauricio , Akras Deena , Berry Charlotte , Cook Jessica , Quarto Natalina , Klein Ophir D. , Lorenz H. Peter , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Januszyk Michael , Wan Derrick C. , Longaker Michael T. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWhile past studies have suggested that plasticity exists between dermal fibroblasts and adipocytes, it remains unknown whether fat actively contributes to fibrosis in scarring. We show that adipocytes convert to scar-forming fibroblasts in response toPiezo-mediated mechanosensing to drive wound fibrosis. We establish that mechanics alone are sufficient to drive adipocyte-to- fibroblast conversion. By leveraging clonal-lineage-tracing in combination with scRNA-seq, Visium, and CODEX, we define a “mechanically naïve” fibroblast-subpopulation that represents a transcriptionally intermediate state between adipocytes and scar-fibroblasts. Finally, we show thatPiezo1orPiezo2-inhibition yields regenerative healing by preventing adipocytes’ activation to fibroblasts, in both mouse-wounds and a novel human-xenograft-wound model. Importantly,Piezo1-inhibition induced wound regeneration even inpre-existingestablished scars, a finding that suggests a role for adipocyte-to-fibroblast transition in wound remodeling, the least-understood phase of wound healing. Adipocyte-to-fibroblast transition may thus represent a therapeutic target for minimizing fibrosis viaPiezo-inhibition in organs where fat contributes to fibrosis.
Experimentally induced active and quiet sleep engage non-overlapping transcriptional programs inDrosophila
Authors: Anthoney Niki , Tainton-Heap Lucy A.L. , Luong Hang , Notaras Eleni , Kewin Amber B. , Zhao Qiongyi , Perry Trent , Batterham Philip , Shaw Paul J. , van Swinderen Bruno 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSleep in mammals can be broadly classified into two different physiological categories: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS), and accordingly REM and SWS are thought to achieve a different set of functions. The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasteris increasingly being used as a model to understand sleep functions, although it remains unclear if the fly brain also engages in different kinds of sleep as well. Here, we compare two commonly used approaches for studying sleep experimentally inDrosophila: optogenetic activation of sleep-promoting neurons and provision of a sleep-promoting drug, Gaboxadol. We find that these different sleep-induction methods have similar effects on increasing sleep duration, but divergent effects on brain activity. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that drug-induced deep sleep (‘quiet’ sleep) mostly downregulates metabolism genes, whereas optogenetic ‘active’ sleep upregulates a wide range of genes relevant to normal waking functions. This suggests that optogenetics and pharmacological induction of sleep inDrosophilapromote different features of sleep, which engage different sets of genes to achieve their respective functions.
Mathematical generation of data-driven hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and interneurons copies via A-GLIF models for large-scale networks covering the experimental variability range
Authors: Marasco A. , Tribuzi C. , Iuorio A. , Migliore M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEfficient and accurate large-scale networks are a fundamental tool in modelling brain areas, to advance our understanding of neuronal dynamics. However, their implementation faces two key issues: computational efficiency and heterogeneity. Computational efficiency is achieved using simplified neurons, whereas there are no practical solutions available to solve the problem of reproducing in a large-scale network the experimentally observed heterogeneity of the intrinsic properties of neurons. This is important, because the use of identical nodes in a network can generate artifacts which can hinder an adequate representation of the properties of a real network.To this aim, we introduce a mathematical procedure to generate an arbitrary large number of copies of simplified hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and interneurons models, which exhibit the full range of firing dynamics observed in these cells - including adapting, non-adapting and bursting. For this purpose, we rely on a recently publishedadaptive generalized leaky integrate-and-fire (A-GLIF)modeling approach, leveraging on its ability to reproduce the rich set of electrophysiological behaviours of these types of neurons under a variety of different stimulation currents.The generation procedure is based on a perturbation of model’s parameters related to the initial data, firing block, and internal dynamics, and suitably validated against experimental data to ensure that the firing dynamics of any given cell copy remains within the experimental range. This allows to obtain heterogeneous copies with mathematically controlled firing properties. A full set of heterogeneous neurons composing the CA1 region of a rat hippocampus (approximately 500K neurons), are provided in a database freely available in thelive papersection of the EBRAINS platform.By adapting the underlying A-GLIF framework, it will be possible to extend the numerical approach presented here to create, in a mathematically controlled manner, an arbitrarily large number of non-identical copies of cell populations with firing properties related to other brain areas.
Semi-synthetic CoA-α-Synuclein Constructs Trap N-terminal Acetyltransferase NatB for Binding Mechanism Studies
Authors: Pan Buyan , Gardner Sarah , Schultz Kollin , Perez Ryann M. , Deng Sunbin , Shimogawa Marie , Sato Kohei , Rhoades Elizabeth , Marmorstein Ronen , Petersson E. James 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTN-terminal acetylation is a chemical modification carried out by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs). A major member of this enzyme family, NatB, acts on much of the human proteome, including α-synuclein (αS), a synaptic protein that mediates vesicle trafficking. NatB acetylation of αS modulates its lipid vesicle binding properties and amyloid fibril formation, which underlies its role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Although the molecular details of the interaction between human NatB (hNatB) and the N-terminus of αS have been resolved, whether the remainder of the protein plays a role in interacting with the enzyme is unknown. Here we execute the first synthesis, by native chemical ligation, of a bisubstrate inhibitor of NatB consisting of coenzyme A and full-length human αS, additionally incorporating two fluorescent probes for studies of conformational dynamics. We use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to characterize the structural features of the hNatB/inhibitor complex and show that, beyond the first few residues, αS remains disordered when in complex with hNatB. We further probe changes in the αS conformation by single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to reveal that the C-terminus expands when bound to hNatB. Computational models based on the cryo-EM and smFRET data help to explain the conformational changes and their implications for hNatB substrate recognition and specific inhibition of the interaction with αS. Beyond the study of αS and NatB, these experiments illustrate valuable strategies for the study of challenging structural biology targets through a combination of protein semi-synthesis, cryo-EM, smFRET, and computational modeling.
Exploring the K+binding site and its coupling to transport in the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter LeuT
Authors: Schmidt Solveig G. , Nygaard Andreas , Mindell Joseph A. , Loland Claus J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe neurotransmitter:sodium symporters (NSSs) are secondary active transporters that couple the reuptake of substrate to the symport of one or two sodium ions. One bound Na+(Na1) contributes to the substrate binding, while the other Na+(Na2) is thought to be involved in the conformational transition of the NSS. Two NSS members, the serotonin transporter (SERT) and theDrosophiladopamine transporter (dDAT), also couple substrate uptake to the antiport of K+by a largely undefined mechanism. We have previously shown that the bacterial NSS homologue, LeuT, also binds K+, and could therefore serve as a model protein for the exploration of K+binding in NSS proteins. Here, we characterize the impact of K+on substrate affinity and transport as well as on LeuT conformational equilibrium states. Both radioligand binding assays and transition metal ion FRET (tmFRET) yielded similar K+affinities for LeuT. K+binding was specific and saturable. LeuT reconstituted into proteoliposomes showed that intra-vesicular K+dose-dependently increased the transport velocity of [3H]alanine, whereas extra-vesicular K+had no apparent effect. K+-binding induced a LeuT conformation distinct from the Na+- and substrate-bound conformation. Conservative mutations of the Na1 site residues affected the binding of Na+and K+to different degrees. The Na1 site mutation N27Q caused a >10-fold decrease in K+affinity but at the same time a ∼3-fold increase in Na+affinity. Together, the results suggest that K+-binding to LeuT modulates substrate transport and that the K+affinity and selectivity for LeuT is sensitive to mutations in the Na1 site, pointing toward the Na1 site as a candidate site for facilitating the interaction with K+in some NNSs.
Determinantal polynomials and the base polynomial of a square matrix over a finite field
Authors: Ballico Edoardo 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe author studies forms over finite fields obtained as the determinant of Hermitian matrices and use these determinatal forms to define and study the base polynomial of a square matrix over a finite field.Design/methodology/approachThe authors give full proofs for the new results, quoting previous works by other authors in the proofs. In the introduction, the authors quoted related references.FindingsThe authors get a few theorems, mainly describing some monic polynomial arising as a base polynomial of a square matrix.Originality/valueAs far as the author knows, all the results are new, and the approach is also new.
The use of self: the conscious or unconscious (sharing or) leaking of identity by LGBQ cisgender women youth workers in the North of England
Authors: Hatton Jean 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis paper discusses how professionally qualified cisgender lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer (LGBQ) women youth workers present their self. The research examined how youth workers consciously or unconsciously shared their sexual identity with young people with whom they worked. Whilst this research focussed on youth workers, issues discussed are relevant for practitioners from a range of professional backgrounds such as therapists, social workers, teachers and health care practitioners. The research focused only on the experiences of cisgender LGBQ women as the experiences of men and trans women are different and so requires separate research.Design/methodology/approachThis research taking a qualitative approach, used in-depth interviews to discuss how respondents shared information about their identity.FindingsSome of fifteen youth workers interviewed reported not having choices about being out with the young people as their sexuality had been leaked. Others were able to pass and so choose when, or if, to be out with young people. Their different strategies to sharing information regarding their sexuality used by these participants reflected different approaches to being out.Originality/valueAlthough there is evidence in the literature of how being out or closeted impacts on teachers there is little written about the effect on youth workers or other professionals. The little research that has been undertaken in this area focusses on the impact of identity on the clients rather than on the professionals. This article contributes to filling this gap in the literature.