bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxic postconditioning drives protective microglial responses and ameliorates white matter injury after ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Sijie , Yun Ho Jun , Yu Wantong , Shi Wenjie , Gao Chen , Xu Jun , Yang Yu , Qin Linhui , Ding Yuchuan , Jin Kunlin , Liu Fengyong , Ji Xunming , Ren Changhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIschemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease with high incidence and mortality. White matter repair plays an important role in the long‐term recovery of neurological function after cerebral ischemia. Neuroprotective microglial responses can promote white matter repair and protect ischemic brain tissue.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate whether hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) can promote white matter repair after IS, and the role and mechanism of microglial polarization in white matter repair after HPC treatment.Materials & MethodsAdult male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group (Sham), MCAO group (MCAO), and hypoxic postconditioning group (HPC). HPC group were subjected to 45 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) immediately followed by 40 min of HPC.ResultsThe results showed that HPC reduced the proinflammatory level of immune cells. Furthermore, HPC promoted the transformation of microglia to anti‐inflammatory phenotype on the third day after the procedure. HPC promoted the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and increased the expression of myelination‐related proteins on the 14th day. On the 28th day, HPC increased the expression of mature oligodendrocytes, which enhanced myelination. At the same time, the motor neurological function of mice was restored.DiscussionDuring the acute phase of cerebral ischemia, the function of proinflammatory immune cells was enhanced, long‐term white matter damage was aggravated, and motor sensory function was decreased.ConclusionHPC promotes protective microglial responses and white matter repair after MCAO, which may be related to the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes.
Internal governance and internal control material weaknesses
Authors: Dao Mai , Pham Trung , Xu Hongkang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThe objective of this study is to examine whether the effectiveness of internal governance is associated with internal control material weaknesses. We employ the concept of internal governance as the checks‐and‐balances mechanism that subordinate executives apply to the chief executive officer (CEO). We predict that with long horizons and long‐term interests aligned with firms' long‐term growth, subordinate executives may have the incentive to support a high‐quality internal control system, which is an important factor contributing to firms' long‐term success.Research Findings/InsightsUsing data on CEOs' and other highest paid executives' age and compensation to measure the effectiveness of internal governance, we empirically find consistent evidence that internal governance effectiveness is associated with higher internal control quality. In particular, we find that effective internal governance is related to a lower likelihood of firms reporting internal control material weaknesses, fewer material weaknesses in internal control (ICMWs), a lower chance of firms disclosing internal control weaknesses for multiple years, and a lower probability of firms reporting entity‐level and/or account‐level material weaknesses in internal control. We also show that among the two factors forming the internal governance measure, only subordinate executives' horizon is associated with the probability of firms disclosing ICMWs. Our further analysis reveals that the probability of reporting ICMWs is lower for growth firms with effective internal governance.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur findings contribute to the literature on internal governance and internal control quality. The impact of the checks‐and‐balances mechanism inherent in internal governance on firms' investment in the internal control system and thus the probability of disclosing ICMWs has not received sufficient attention from accounting researchers. While prior studies focus on individual members of the management team, our finding implies that the quality of the internal control system is a result of the joint effort of the whole management team. Unlike the extant literature that captures only certain aspects of reporting quality and information disclosures, our study emphasizes the role of the horizon dimension of internal governance in enhancing the reliability of financial reporting (measured as the quality of the internal control system).Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur results shed light on the important role of subordinate executives in monitoring CEOs' short‐term interests.
Challenging the formality bias: The organization of informal work, working relations, and collective agency in Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Riisgaard Lone , Torm Nina , Kinyondo Godbertha , Mitullah Winnie , Kamau Anne , Gervas Aloyce , Indimuli Raphael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMotivationFormal social protection systems, such as health insurance and representation, are often biased in favour of formal workers, thereby excluding most of the world's working population who make a living in the informal economy.PurposeThe article extends existing critiques of formality bias by investigating the reality of work for people in the informal economy in Kenya and Tanzania and analysing related social protection challenges. Specifically, we look at: (1) the governance of work; (2) the organization of work relations; and (3) collective agency. In terms of social protection, we focus on formal and informal forms of social insurance and representation.Methods and approachWe draw on interview and survey data from people working in micro trading, transport, and construction in Nairobi and Kisumu in Kenya, and Dar es Salaam and Dodoma in Tanzania. A total of 1,462 workers were surveyed and 24 focus group discussions were held with such workers. Interviews were conducted with 120 key informants: leaders and members of informal workers' associations in the three sectors, as well as representatives of authorities, trade unions, and business associations. Data were collected from June 2018 to December 2019.FindingsFormal social insurance and representation do not fit the real experience of most people working in the informal economy. They have been modelled on and designed to support workers in formal standard employment relations. At the same time, informal workers' associations play important roles in meeting—albeit inadequately—the social insurance and representational needs of their members.Policy implicationsMeaningful engagement with the reality of work and collective agency in the informal economy is necessary to inform more appropriate policies and measures to provide informal workers with appropriate social protection measures, particularly social insurance and representation. Their reality should not have to conform to an inadequate model; rather, the model should fit their reality.
Liver fibrosis is associated with an increased risk of non‐fatal myocardial infarction
Authors: Riccio Alessia , Mazzanti Camilla , Vero Laura , Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa , Succurro Elena , Rubino Mariangela , Massimino Mattia , Mannino Gaia Chiara , Sciacqua Angela , Andreozzi Francesco , Cefalo Chiara Maria Assunta , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionLiver fibrosis is a risk factor for liver‐related adverse outcomes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, the non‐invasive Hepamet fibrosis score (HFS) has been validated as a tool capable to identify with good diagnostic accuracy subjects with advanced liver fibrosis. It is unsettled whether HFS is capable to identify individuals at higher risk of CVD. To investigate whether individuals with liver fibrosis measured with HFS have higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in adults participating in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study.MethodsParticipants (n = 2948) were divided into three groups according to HFS: low risk of fibrosis (<0.12); intermediate risk of fibrosis (≥0.12 to <0.47); high risk of fibrosis (≥0.47). The association between the liver fibrosis risk and MI was analysed by a logistic regression analysis.ResultsAs compared with those having the lowest risk (5.3%), a higher proportion of subjects with moderate or high risk of liver fibrosis had MI (12.9% and 24.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). In a logistic regression analysis, individuals at increased risk of liver fibrosis exhibited a threefold increased risk of having MI as compared to those with low risk (OR 3.18; 95% CI 1.31–7.70) independently of confounders including smoking, cholesterol, triglycerides, anti‐hypertensive, lipid‐lowering and glucose‐lowering therapies.ConclusionsIn this cross‐sectional study, individuals with higher values of HFS show a higher risk of MI, suggesting that HFS may be a useful tool to identify not only individuals with liver fibrosis but also those at the increased risk of CVD.
Prognostic value of the mutation types and dynamics of FLT3‐ITD in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Koo Mosae , Song Ik‐Chan , Kim Jimyung , Kwon Gye Cheol , Kim Seon Young 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic value of the mutation types and dynamics of FLT3‐ITD in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other known factors were studied.MethodsInitial and follow‐up samples from 45 AML patients with FLT3‐ITD mutations were analyzed by fragment length analysis, Sanger sequencing, and next‐generation sequencing.ResultsSome patients (13%) had multiple FLT3‐ITD mutations, and many of them had acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). FLT3‐ITD mutations were classified according to mutation types, including duplication‐only FLT3‐ITD (52%) and FLT3‐ITD with duplications and insertions (dup + ins) (48%). The dup + ins FLT3‐ITD variant was independently associated with poor prognosis among non‐APL patients (odds ratio, 2.92) in addition to FLT3‐ITD with ≥50% variant allele frequency (VAF). The VAFs of FLT3‐ITD were low (median 2.2%) when detected during morphologic complete remission (CR) after conventional chemotherapy; however, in two patients treated with gilteritinib after relapse, the VAFs of FLT3‐ITD were much higher (>95% and 8.1%) in the morphologic CR state.ConclusionsThe type of FLT3‐ITD mutation is important in prognosis, and the dup + ins type of FLT3‐ITD can be an indicator of poor prognosis. In addition, the FLT3‐ITD mutation status may unexpectedly not match the morphologic examination results after gilteritinib treatment.
Long and short whiskers differently guide snout/pellet interaction in rat oral grasping
Authors: Parmiani Pierantonio , Lucchetti Cristina , Viaro Riccardo , Franchi Gianfranco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe studied the role of rat whisker/snout tactile sense during oral grasping, comparing control data with those obtained, respectively, 1–3 and 5–7 days after bilateral long or short whisker trimming and 3–5 and 8–10 days after bilateral infraorbital nerve (ION) severing. Two behavioural phases were identified: whisker–snout contact by nose‐N or lip‐L and snout–tongue contact. The second phase involved either: snout passing over stationary pellet (Still pellet); pellet rolling as the snout passed over it (Rolling pellet); pellet being pushed forward by the snout (Pushed pellet); or pellet being hit and pushed away (Hit/Lost pellet). In controls, success was 100%, with N‐contact prevailing over L‐contact in the first phase and Still pellet in the second. In long whisker‐trimmed versus controls, success was still 100%, but L‐contact increased in frequency, Pushed pellet prevailed and the second phase duration increased. In short whisker‐trimmed versus controls, success remained 100%, with increased L‐contact frequency; the first phase duration did not change, but the second phase increased since in pushed trials, the pellet rolled around the snout. In ION‐severed versus controls, both phases changed drastically: L‐contact frequency increased, Pushed pellet prevailed and contact was persistently maintained; Hit/Lost pellet emerged, Still and Rolling pellets disappeared and the oral‐grasping sequence was not triggered. These results suggest that long and short whiskers, respectively, optimize the first and second phases of snout–pellet interaction and that whisker/snout sense is necessary to trigger oral grasping. Kinematic trajectory analysis supports the conclusion that movement from whisker to snout contact is an orientation response.
TUFM variants lead to white matter abnormalities mimicking multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chen Shihan , Mitchell Grant A. , Soucy Jean‐Francois , Gauthier Julie , Brais Bernard , La Piana Roberta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeDefects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) can lead to combined MRC dysfunctions (COXPDs) with heterogenous genotypes and clinical features. We report a patient carrying heterozygous variants in the TUFM gene who presented with clinical features compatible with COXPD4 and radiological findings mimicking multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsA 37‐year‐old French Canadian woman was investigated for recent onset of gait and balance problems. Her previous medical history included recurrent episodes of hyperventilation associated with lactic acidosis during infections, asymptomatic Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, and nonprogressive sensorineural deafness.ResultsNeurological examinations revealed fine bilateral nystagmus, facial weakness, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, and ataxic gait. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multifocal white matter abnormalities in cerebral white matter as well as cerebellar hemispheres, brainstem, and middle cerebellar peduncles, some of which mimicked MS. Analysis of native‐state oxidative phosphorylation showed a combined decrease in CI/CII, CIV/CII, and CVI/CII. Exome sequencing detected two heterozygous TUFM gene variants. Little clinical progression was noted over a 5‐year follow‐up. Brain MRI remained unchanged.ConclusionsOur report broadens the phenotypic and radiological spectrum of TUFM‐related disorders by adding milder, later onset forms to the previously known early onset, severe presentations. The presence of multifocal white matter abnormalities can be misinterpreted as due to acquired demyelinating diseases, and thus TUFM‐related disorders should be added to the list of mitochondrial MS mimickers.
Non‐demyelinating disorders mimicking and misdiagnosed asNMOSD:a literature review
Authors: Zara Pietro , Dinoto Alessandro , Carta Sara , Floris Valentina , Turilli Davide , Budhram Adrian , Ferrari Sergio , Milia Stefania , Solla Paolo , Mariotto Sara , Flanagan Eoin P. , Lopez Chiriboga A. Sebastian , Sechi Elia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from its mimics is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, especially in the absence of aquaporin‐4‐IgG. While multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐IgG associated disease (MOGAD) represent major and well‐defined differential diagnoses, non‐demyelinating NMOSD mimics remain poorly characterized.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review on PubMed/MEDLINE to identify reports of patients with non‐demyelinating disorders that mimicked or were misdiagnosed as NMOSD. Three novel cases seen at the authors' institutions were also included. The characteristics of NMOSD mimics were analyzed and red flags associated with misdiagnosis identified.ResultsA total of 68 patients were included; 35 (52%) were female. Median age at symptoms onset was 44 (range, 1–78) years. Fifty‐six (82%) patients did not fulfil the 2015 NMOSD diagnostic criteria. The clinical syndromes misinterpreted for NMOSD were myelopathy (41%), myelopathy + optic neuropathy (41%), optic neuropathy (6%), or other (12%). Alternative etiologies included genetic/metabolic disorders, neoplasms, infections, vascular disorders, spondylosis, and other immune‐mediated disorders. Common red flags associated with misdiagnosis were lack of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis (57%), lack of response to immunotherapy (55%), progressive disease course (54%), and lack of magnetic resonance imaging gadolinium enhancement (31%). Aquaporin‐4‐IgG positivity was detected in five patients by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (n = 2), cell‐based assay (n = 2: serum, 1; CSF, 1), and non‐specified assay (n = 1).ConclusionsThe spectrum of NMOSD mimics is broad. Misdiagnosis frequently results from incorrect application of diagnostic criteria, in patients with multiple identifiable red flags. False aquaporin‐4‐IgG positivity, generally from nonspecific testing assays, may rarely contribute to misdiagnosis.
Sex‐specific heritabilities for length at maturity among Pacific salmonids and their consequences for evolution in response to artificial selection
Authors: Gamble Madilyn M. , Calsbeek Ryan G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArtificial selection, whether intentional or coincidental, is a common result of conservation policies and natural resource management. To reduce unintended consequences of artificial selection, conservation practitioners must understand both artificial selection gradients on traits of interest and how those traits are correlated with others that may affect population growth and resilience. We investigate how artificial selection on male body size in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) may influence the evolution of female body size and female fitness. While salmon hatchery managers often assume that selection for large males will also produce large females, this may not be the case—in fact, because the fastest‐growing males mature earliest and at the smallest size, and because female age at maturity varies little, small males may produce larger females if the genetic architecture of growth rate is the same in both sexes. We explored this possibility by estimating sex‐specific heritability values of and natural and artificial selection gradients on length at maturity in four populations representing three species of Pacific salmon. We then used the multivariate breeder's equation to project how artificial selection against small males may affect the evolution of female length and fecundity. Our results indicate that the heritability of length at maturity is greater within than between the sexes and that sire–daughter heritability values are especially small. Salmon hatchery policies should consider these sex‐specific quantitative genetic parameters to avoid potential unintended consequences of artificial selection.
The m6A modification of Il17a in CD4+ T cells promotes inflammation in psoriasis
Authors: Yuan Liyan , Chen Shijun , Ding Ke , Wang Xiaobo , Lv Weiqi , Liu Yuchen , He Shuang , Yu YingDian , Yang Bin , Huang Tao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The mechanism of psoriasis pathogenesis is not entirely clear. Here, we reported that the level of the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification was increased in psoriatic CD4+ T cells compared with healthy controls. In the psoriasis mouse model, depletion of the RNA demethylase, Alkbh5, from CD4+ T cells promoted the psoriasis‐like phenotype and inflammation. Intriguingly, this phenotype and inflammation were alleviated by the ablation of the m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 in CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, we found that the m6A modification of IL17A mRNA increased the expression of IL‐17A (an important pro‐inflammatory factor in psoriasis) and promoted psoriasis. Thus, our study provided evidence that the m6A modification of IL17A in CD4+ T cells regulates inflammation in psoriasis.
Associations between parents' and grandparents' depressive symptoms, intergenerational coparenting relationships, and (grand)parenting behaviors: An actor–partner interdependence mediation model
Authors: Chen Jia , Zhou Xiaochen , Bai Xue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntergenerational coparenting has become an increasingly common family phenomenon across the globe. In this study, we examined the associations among depressive symptoms, perceptions of intergenerational coparenting relationships, and (grand)parenting behaviors. Participants were parents and grandparents most involved in child care from 464 Chinese coparenting families sampled in urban China. The results from a test of the actor–partner interdependence mediation model showed that the depressive symptoms of parents and grandparents were indirectly and positively related to their harsh discipline of children or negatively related to their supportiveness toward children, and the association was mediated via their own perceptions of the coparenting relationship. In addition, parents' depressive symptoms were indirectly and positively related to grandparental harsh parenting or negatively related to grandparental supportive parenting through grandparents' perceived coparenting relationship. Grandparents' depressive symptoms were indirectly and positively related to parental harsh parenting or negatively related to parental supportive parenting through parents' perceptions of the coparenting relationship. This study highlights the importance of uncovering the processes and dynamics of parent–grandparent coparenting practices through a lens of family systems and interdependence theories as well as a dyadic approach. It also has practical implications for family interventions in the context of intergenerational coparenting. Specifically, this study recommends parallel (grand)parenting intervention sessions for parents and grandparents simultaneously to benefit the well‐being of all three generations.
A global synthesis of peer‐reviewed research on the effects of hatchery salmonids on wild salmonids
Authors: McMillan John R. , Morrison Brian , Chambers Nick , Ruggerone Greg , Bernatchez Louis , Stanford Jack , Neville Helen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHatcheries have long produced salmonids for fisheries and mitigation, though their widespread use is increasingly controversial because of potential impacts to wild salmonids. We conducted a global literature search of peer‐reviewed publications (1970–2021) evaluating how hatchery salmonids affected wild salmonids, developed a publicly available database, and synthesized results. Two hundred six publications met our search criteria, with 83% reporting adverse/minimally adverse effects on wild salmonids. Adverse genetic effects on diversity were most common, followed by effects on productivity and abundance via ecological and genetic processes. Few publications (3%) reported beneficial hatchery effects on wild salmonids, nearly all from intensive recovery programs used to bolster highly depleted wild populations. Our review suggests hatcheries commonly have adverse impacts on wild salmonids in freshwater and marine environments. Future research on less studied effects—such as epigenetics—could improve knowledge and management of the full extent of hatchery impacts.