bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Quantification of Turbulence Model Applied to a Cavitating Hydrofoil
Authors: Romani Simone , Morgut Mitja , Parussini Lucia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the Global Sensitivity Analysis of the coefficients of the standard k-ε turbulence model used in RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) simulations aimed to predict the flow around a bi-dimensional hydrofoil operating at non-cavitating and cavitating flow regimes. The sensitivity analysis is treated by the Sobol Decomposition, where the Sobol Indices are computed through the Polynomial Chaos Expansion of the 2-nd order with a Point-Collocation Non-Intrusive approach. From the current results, it seems that the considered cavitating flow regime is less sensitive to the variability of the input parameters, at least for the prediction of lift and drag.
Developing methods of decomposing the physical resistance components acting on a hydrofoil
Authors: Chernyshev Lev , Kabaliuk Natalia , Jermy Mark , Corkery Simon , Bernasconi Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The America’s Cup is a sailing competition contested by teams fielding bespoke yachts designed and built to the AC75 class regulations. These yachts make use of hydrofoils, which permit them to lift their hulls above the water surface. When in this “foiling” regime, the drag forces on the hull are drastically lower, permitting greater sailing speed. Predicting hydrodynamic forces produced from hydrofoils on race yachts remains challenging, due to a wide operating regime and complex hydrodynamical phenomena. In this study, existing wake survey methods of decomposing the total drag force of a hydrofoil into physical subcomponents were developed through examining their sensitivities and accuracy. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a rectangular NACA4412 hydrofoil were performed to generate data for the wake surveys. The hydrofoil was simulated at a submergence depth of one chord. Viscous flow was simulated with the k–ω SST turbulence model in steady state; and the volume-of-fluid (VOF) model was used to capture free surface effects. Chord Froude numbers of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 were investigated, corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 2.57 × 105, 5.15 × 105, 1.03 × 106 and 2.06 × 106. Force decomposition was performed using two different wake survey methods – one each for the wave and viscous drag – as well as Trefftz plane analysis for the induced drag. Wave drag forces could be reliably isolated at all tested Froude numbers, while reliable predictions of the viscous drag were dependent on the Froude number and method of isolating the hydrofoil’s viscous wake region. Accurately isolating the induced drag component proved challenging due to free surface interactions. Careful selection of the wake survey location was also necessary for accurate predictions of any of the drag components.
Drag reduction and power optimization due to an innovative, toroidal hull form of an AUV
Authors: Miller Lakshmi Madhavan , Njaka Taylor , Brizzolara Stefano , Curtin Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The use of unconventional design has become a norm for mission-specific underwater autonomous craft. Geometrical characteristics and drag optimized shapes of single-hulled underwater vehicles are known since 1970s and a few significant improvements have been possible since then. These are mostly related to the efficiency of a wake adapted propeller, positioned at the stern in wake of the hull. In a novel effort, when the propeller is integrated into the craft at center-line, and the hull in its entirety is designed to act as the duct, the drag of the hull is further reduced. This craft uses a toroidal hull form that distributes payload axi-symmetrically around an internal ducted thruster. The craft is designed to operate at an economic cruise speed of 2kn. The power consumption is optimized to achieve an endurance of over 500 miles through this implementation of a ducted thruster. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the new toroidal hull are compared to those of a reference design which is slender and conventionally shaped. This conventional design is intended for the same volume and dimensions of payload. A reduction of 13% in drag from the first to final design iteration is achieved. This reduction in drag is due to a higheer effective length to thickness ratio of the ducted AUV, quantified in terms of a new parameter defined as Ih
. The reduction of the wetted surface area also contributes to the drag optimization. The article shows that the shape of the leading edge of the toroidal hull becomes important to achieve low drag. The process of design and optimization using CFD, with the most appropriate turbulence models is detailed. The beneficial effect of the acceleration induced in the flow at the leading edge and trailing edge of the hull by the integrated thruster is studied and explained with the help of CFD results.
Cavitation of some copper alloys for naval propellers: electrolyte effect
Authors: Biezma Moraleda M V , Merino Galván L , Linhardt P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Efficient shipping is becoming more challenging, not only because of the increasing demand for this means of transport, the performance requirements and the optimisation of resources, but also because of the environmental constraints. Cavitation is a harmful phenomenon that can affect different systems of a ship such as pumps, valves, impellers, pipes, etc., but is particularly known for its effect on propellers, associated with loss of power and even impairment of structural integrity. The mechanical effect of cavitation on metallic materials is in general superimposed by corrosion and may thus lead to a synergistic degradation phenomenon. In this work, the cavitation behaviour and the potential synergistic effect with corrosion was evaluated for three widely used copper-based alloys, NAB (Nickel Aluminium Bronze), MAB (Manganese Aluminium Bronze), and a brass (low lead content) using three types of water: natural seawater, synthetic seawater and synthetic brackish water. Experiments were carried out in an ultrasonic bath, followed by structural surface characterisation. The main result is that MAB is most susceptible to both, general surface damage and deep localized attack. This is attributed to its poor ability in regenerating the protective layer, the area ratio of their phases and the high hardness of the κ-phase, in combination with high mechanical stresses during impacts affecting the grain boundaries. Moreover, natural seawater was found to increase cavitation, attributable to the dispersion of micro-particles, while brackish water with its content of sulfidic species was found to promote the strongest synergy between corrosion and cavitation.
Regional polar warming linked to poleward moisture transport variability
Authors: Bintanja Richard , Graversen Rune Grand , Kolbe Marlen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Polar warming, ice melt and strong precipitation events are strongly affected by episodic poleward advection of warm and moist air (Woods and Caballero 2016 J. Clim.
29 4473–85; Wille et al 2019 Nat. Geosci.
12 911–6), which, in turn, is linked to variability in poleward moisture transport (PMT) (Nash et al 2018 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
123 6804–21). However, processes governing regional impacts of PMT as well as long-term trends remain largely unknown. Here we use an ensemble of state-of-the-art global climate models in standardized scenario simulations (1850–2100) to show that both the Arctic and the Antarctic exhibit distinct geographical patterns of PMT-related warming. Specifically, years with high PMT experience considerable warming over subarctic Eurasia and West-Antarctica (Raphael et al 2016 Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc.
97 111–21), whereas precipitation is distributed more evenly over the polar regions. The warming patterns indicate preferred routes of atmospheric rivers (Woods and Caballero 2016 J. Clim.
29 4473–85), which may regionally enhance atmospheric moisture content, cloud cover, and downward longwave radiative heating in years with comparatively high PMT (Scott et al 2019 J. Clim.
32 665–84). Trend-analyses reveal that the link between PMT-variability and regional precipitation patterns will weaken in both polar regions. Even though uncertainties associated with intermodel differences are considerable, the advection of warm and moist air associated with PMT-variability is likely to increasingly cause mild conditions in both polar regions, which in the Arctic will reinforce sea-ice melt. Similarly, the results suggest that warm years in West-Antarctica disproportionally contribute to ice sheet melt (Trusel et al 2015 Nat. Geosci.
8 927–32), enhancing the risk of ice-sheet instabilities causing accelerated and sudden sea-level rise.
Unequal carbon tax impacts on 38 million German households: assessing spatial and socio-economic hotspots
Authors: Többen Johannes , Pichler Peter-Paul , Jaccard Ingram S , Kratena Kurt , Moran Daniel , Zheng Heran , Weisz Helga 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Carbon pricing is a core climate policy in many countries. However, the distribution of impacts is highly unequal across income brackets, but also across household types and regions. The complex interplay between household characteristics and location specific factors such as building stock and transport infrastructure considerably hampers our understanding of the inequality impacts of carbon taxes and the development of remedial measures. In this paper, we simulate the impacts of carbon taxes and compensation on the purchasing power of more than 38 million German households living in over 11 000 municipalities. We find that the strength of impacts varies more within income groups (horizontal inequality) than across income groups (vertical inequality), based on demographic, socio-economic and geographic factors. Without compensation, a carbon tax of €50 per ton doubles the number of households at risk of becoming energy poor, the majority of them low-income families in remotely located small and medium cities. A lump sum payment of €100 per capita and year reduces inequality impacts and additional energy poverty risk substantially.
Genes That Extend Lifespan May Do So by Mitigating the Increased Risk of Death Posed by Having Hypertension
Authors: Morris Brian J , Donlon Timothy A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Genetic factors influence lifespan. In humans, there appears to be a particularly strong genetic effect in those aged ≥ 90 years. An important contribution is nutrient sensing genes which confer cell resilience.

METHODS
Our research has been investigating the genetic factors by longitudinal studies of American men of Japanese descent living on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. This cohort began as the Honolulu Heart Program in the mid-1960s and most subjects are now deceased.

RESULTS
We previously discovered various genes containing polymorphisms associated with longevity. In recent investigations of the mechanism involved we found that the longevity genotypes ameliorated the risk of mortality posed by having a cardiometabolic disease (CMD)—most prominently hypertension. For the gene FOXO3 the protective alleles mitigated the risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. For the kinase MAP3K5 it was hypertension, CHD and diabetes, for the kinase receptor PIK3R1 hypertension, CHD and stroke, and for the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 gene (FLT1), it was nullifying the higher mortality risk posed by hypertension. Subjects with a CMD who had a longevity genotype had similar survival as men without CMD. No variant protected against risk of death from cancer. We have postulated that the longevity-associated genotypes reduced mortality risk by effects on intracellular resilience mechanisms. In a proteomics study, 43 “stress” proteins and associated biological pathways were found to influence the association of FOXO3 genotype with reduced mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Our landmark findings indicate how heritable genetic components affect longevity.
Validating the Reliability and Clinical Relevance of an Infraorbital Hollow Photonumeric Scale
Authors: Lorenc Z Paul , Smith Stacy , Bass Lawrence S , Bank David , Weiss Robert , Canfield Doug , D’Alessandro Brian M , Cramer Lisa M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Infraorbital hollowing is a facial aesthetic issue for which a broad age range of patients seek treatment. Expanding treatment options for this region warrants the development of validated tools to objectively assess infraorbital hollow (IOH) severity before and after treatment.

Objectives
To validate a 4-point rating scale to assess depression of IOH, depression relative to the mid-pupillary line, and visibility of the lateral orbital rim.

Methods
The IOH scale described herein was developed and subjected to live validation with a total of 73 patients representing the full range of IOH severities. Scale validation was performed by board-certified plastic surgeons and dermatologists (3 raters) over 2 rounds, 2 weeks apart. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were used to demonstrate test–retest reliability as quantitated with percentage of agreement, weighted kappa statistic with 95% confidence interval (CI), and intraclass correlation coefficient with 95% CI. The clinical relevance of a 1-grade difference was evaluated by comparing rater assessments of 77 photo pairs with their previously determined designation as “clinically different” or “not clinically different.”

Results
The IOH scale demonstrated substantial to near-perfect intrarater and interrater reliabilities when utilized by trained raters to assess a diverse group of live patients. Furthermore, clinically relevant differences between grades were established, and detection of a 1-point difference could be achieved by trained evaluators using the IOH scale.

Conclusions
This highly reliable, clinically relevant, and validated IOH scale provides a user-friendly, standardized grading system to objectively evaluate and track changes in infraorbital hollowing in clinical practice and research.

Level of Evidence: 3
The language network is not engaged in object categorization
Authors: Benn Yael , Ivanova Anna A , Clark Oliver , Mineroff Zachary , Seikus Chloe , Silva Jack Santos , Varley Rosemary , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe relationship between language and thought is the subject of long-standing debate. One claim states that language facilitates categorization of objects based on a certain feature (e.g. color) through the use of category labels that reduce interference from other, irrelevant features. Therefore, language impairment is expected to affect categorization of items grouped by a single feature (low-dimensional categories, e.g. “Yellow Things”) more than categorization of items that share many features (high-dimensional categories, e.g. “Animals”). To test this account, we conducted two behavioral studies with individuals with aphasia and an fMRI experiment with healthy adults. The aphasia studies showed that selective low-dimensional categorization impairment was present in some, but not all, individuals with severe anomia and was not characteristic of aphasia in general. fMRI results revealed little activity in language-responsive brain regions during both low- and high-dimensional categorization; instead, categorization recruited the domain-general multiple-demand network (involved in wide-ranging cognitive tasks). Combined, results demonstrate that the language system is not implicated in object categorization. Instead, selective low-dimensional categorization impairment might be caused by damage to brain regions responsible for cognitive control. Our work adds to the growing evidence of the dissociation between the language system and many cognitive tasks in adults.
First Known Human Death After Infection With the Avian Influenza A/H3N8 Virus: Guangdong Province, China, March 2023
Authors: Zhuang Yali , Wang Man , Liang Lijun , Mao Yunxia , Wang Kaibin , Yang Shuhuan , Deng Aiping , Zeng Kewen , Zhang Yingtao , Zhang Guanting , Kang Min , Li Baisheng , Zhang Meng , Ye Shinan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Here, we report on a case of human infection with the H3N8 avian influenza virus. The patient had multiple myeloma and died of severe infection. Genome analysis showed multiple gene mutations and reassortments without mammalian-adaptive mutations. This suggests that avian influenza (A/H3N8) virus infection could be lethal for immunocompromised persons.
The prevalence ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection among the female population of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moghadamizad Zeinab , Khalili Javad Yazdizadeh , Olfatifar Meysam , Badri Milad , Khazaei Sasan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite and probably one of the main causes of adverse birth outcomes. Still, there is a paucity of information regarding the burden of T. vaginalis infection in Iranian women. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on trichomoniasis among females in Iran from January 2000 to January 2023. We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Iran Medex, Magiran and Iran Doc) and identified 108 articles with a total of 200 728 women. Using a random effects model, we found a pooled prevalence of 4.30% (95% CI 3.23 to 5.52%). Subgroup analysis, also, demonstrated a statistically significant association between the T. vaginalis prevalence in Iranian women, and the age range, city, sample type, being in prison, sex working and symptomatic infections. Our findings provide important information for healthcare authorities and can inform prevention strategies against trichomoniasis in Iran.
Recurrence of tuberculous tenosynovitis in wrist tendon of a butcher: rare case report
Authors: Abdulrahman Binar Burhan , Aziz Jeza Muhamad Abdul , Salih Mohammed Kak Bra , Rashid Muhammad Jabar , Ahmed Mohammed Latif , Awl Ramyar Hersh , Rauf Shanga Baram , Ali Harem Habil Hama , Huy Nguyen Tien , Rasheed Mariwan Kadir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiagnosing of tuberculous arthritis can be challenging due to its insidious onset and non-specific clinical presentation. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. A 54-year-old butcher was admitted to an orthopedic clinic with complaints of pain, paresthesia and an enlarging mass in the left wrist, which limited finger flexion. Initially the patient was diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS); the patient had no history of tuberculosis (TB), but had direct contact with animals. On clinical examination, a small mass was found in the distal volar region of the forearm and no lymphadenopathy was observed. Despite the diagnosis the patient refused to receive TB treatment. After a period of 4 months, the patient once again exhibited symptoms of CTS. This case highlights the importance of considering TB as a potential etiology for persistent symptoms of carpal tunnel surgery. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of TB treatment can result in favorable outcomes and can prevent future recurrence.
Experimental validation of the mechanism of stomatal development diversification
Authors: Doll Yuki , Koga Hiroyuki , Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Stomata are the structures responsible for gas exchange in plants. The established framework for stomatal development is based on the model plant Arabidopsis, but diverse patterns of stomatal development have been observed in other plant lineages and species. The molecular mechanisms behind these diversified patterns are still poorly understood. We recently proposed a model for the molecular mechanisms of the diversification of stomatal development based on the genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae), according to which a temporal shift in the expression of key stomatal transcription factors SPEECHLESS and MUTE leads to changes in the behavior of meristemoids (stomatal precursor cells). In the present study, we genetically manipulated Arabidopsis to test this model. By altering the timing of MUTE expression, we successfully generated Arabidopsis plants with early differentiation or prolonged divisions of meristemoids, as predicted by the model. The epidermal morphology of the generated lines resembled that of species with prolonged or no meristemoid divisions. Thus, the evolutionary process can be reproduced by varying the SPEECHLESS to MUTE transition. We also observed unexpected phenotypes, which indicated the participation of additional factors in the evolution of the patterns observed in nature. This study provides novel experimental insights into the diversification of meristemoid behaviors.
TESS photometry of the pulsating hot subdwarf star V585 Peg
Authors: Reed M D , Baran A S , Telting J H , Østensen R H 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We report on the first space-based observations of the bright, high-amplitude hybrid pulsator V585 Peg (Balloon 090100001). TESS observed V585 Peg for 28 d during Sector 56 from which we detect 14 g-mode pulsations, 20 p-mode pulsations, and 26 combination frequencies. These pulsations are unusual and interesting in a number of ways; V585 Peg is a rare hybrid pulsator where both regions have many (&gt;10) pulsations, the p-mode pulsations have clear frequency multiplets and overtone spacings while the g-mode pulsations do not, its multiplets have shown changes in splittings between years, and it appears to have two stochastic pulsations while most are stable. From p-mode multiplets, we find an average rotation period of 6.91 ± 0.83 d in which the different ℓ and m indices indicate latitudinal differential rotation. Unresolved g-mode multiplets limit rotation periods to be longer then 9.3 d for dipole modes, indicating V585 Peg to also be a radially differential rotator. We detect one secure p-mode overtone of 950 $\mu$Hz and four less sure ones of 314, 410, 440, and 554 $\mu$Hz. Two frequencies show stochastic properties indicating mode lifetimes of 3.5 and 6.2 h, which would be the shortest yet discovered.
SIMBA-C: an updated chemical enrichment model for galactic chemical evolution in the SIMBA simulation
Authors: Hough Renier T , Rennehan Douglas , Kobayashi Chiaki , Loubser S Ilani , Davé Romeel , Babul Arif , Cui Weiguang 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new chemical enrichment and stellar feedback model into GIZMO, using the SIMBA sub-grid models as a base. Based on the state-of-the-art chemical evolution model of Kobayashi et al., SIMBA-C tracks 34 elements from H→Ge and removes SIMBA’s instantaneous recycling approximation. Furthermore, we make some minor improvements to SIMBA’s base feedback models. SIMBA-C provides significant improvements on key diagnostics such as the knee of the z = 0 galaxy stellar mass function, the faint end of the main sequence, and the ability to track black holes in dwarf galaxies. SIMBA-C also matches better with recent observations of the mass–metallicity relation at z = 0, 2. By not assuming instantaneous recycling, SIMBA-C provides a much better match to galactic abundance ratio measures such as [O/Fe] and [N/O]. SIMBA-C thus opens up new avenues to constrain feedback models using detailed chemical abundance measures across cosmic time.