bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Newtonian blood flow with magnetic nanoparticles in a W‐shaped stenosed arterial segment: A numerical study
Authors: Giri Pritam , Dalal Indranil Saha , Muralidhar K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlow of blood, infused with magnetic nanoparticles, in a W‐shaped stenosed human arterial segment is studied numerically using a realistic non‐Newtonian blood rheology model. It is observed that the Newtonian model predicts less time to reach a steady state than the non‐Newtonian blood rheology model. An increased drug retention time at the target site with an increase in nanoparticle concentration is predicted. Detailed simulations further reveal that the skin friction coefficient does not increase significantly with the increase in nanoparticle concentration. Hence, it is anticipated from our study that the infusion of drug‐carrying nanoparticles in blood flow does not excessively enhance wall shear stress that may lead to arterial wall damage. An overall increase in heat transfer rates and wall shear stress at the stenosed section is seen with an increase in Reynolds number. The present study provides valuable information for designing computer‐assisted drug delivery systems.
Shifts in stream salt loads during and after prolonged droughts
Authors: Lintern Anna , Kho Natalie , Peterson Tim , Guo Danlu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt has been widely assumed that after prolonged droughts, catchment runoff recovers to pre‐drought levels. This assumption has recently been evaluated and challenged using empirical observations. However, water quality response and recovery, or otherwise, during and after prolonged droughts remains an open question. Answering this question potentially identifies any changes in catchment hydrological processes and water balance (e.g., the proportion of groundwater contribution to streamflow), thus informing the mechanisms for runoff non‐recovery after prolonged drought. Water quality responses to drought can also inform any long‐term water quality changes beyond what is observable from trend analyses. Here stream salt load changes were investigated using hidden Markov models (HMMs), where monthly rainfall was included as a predictor of stream salt loads. Monthly riverine salt fluxes at eight sites in Victoria (Australia) were examined before, during and after a prolonged drought in South‐East Australia—the Millennium Drought. Two‐state models, where salt loads varied between ‘normal’ and ‘low’ states, were found to better predict in‐stream salt loads compared to single‐state models. The results showed that catchments shifted to a low salt load state generally after the catchment changed to a low runoff state. As groundwater is understood to be the major source of salts in these catchments, this suggests that reductions in groundwater flow into rivers occur as a result of the shift to a lower runoff state. Understanding how readily water quality in catchments shift to different states during and after prolonged droughts enables appropriate catchment management based on our understanding of changes to catchment hydrology.
Clonal expansion of intra‐epithelial T cells in breast cancer revealed by spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Romanens Lou , Chaskar Prasad , Marcone Rachel , Ryser Stephan , Tille Jean‐Christophe , Genolet Raphael , Heimgartner‐Hu Ketty , Heimgartner Killian , Moore Jonathan S. , Liaudet Nicolas , Kaya Gürkan , Pittet Mikael J. , Dietrich Pierre‐Yves , Delorenzi Mauro , Speiser Daniel E. , Harari Alexandre , Tsantoulis Petros , Labidi‐Galy Sana Intidhar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe spatial distribution of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) predicts breast cancer outcome and response to systemic therapy, highlighting the importance of an intact tissue structure for characterizing tumors. Here, we present ST‐FFPE, a spatial transcriptomics method for the analysis of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples, which opens the possibility of interrogating archival tissue. The method involves extraction, exome capture and sequencing of RNA from different tumor compartments microdissected by laser‐capture, and can be used to study the cellular composition of tumor microenvironment. Focusing on triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), we characterized T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in both stromal and intra‐epithelial compartments. We found a highly variable spatial distribution of immune cell subsets among tumors. This analysis revealed that the immune repertoires of intra‐epithelial T and B cells were consistently less diverse and more clonal than those of stromal T and B cells. T‐cell receptor (TCR) sequencing confirmed a reduced diversity and higher clonality of intra‐epithelial T cells relative to the corresponding stromal T cells. Analysis of the top 10 dominant clonotypes in the two compartments showed a majority of shared but also some unique clonotypes both in stromal and intra‐epithelial T cells. Hyperexpanded clonotypes were more abundant among intra‐epithelial than stromal T cells. These findings validate the ST‐FFPE method and suggest an accumulation of antigen‐specific T cells within tumor core. Because ST‐FFPE is applicable for analysis of previously collected tissue samples, it could be useful for rapid assessment of intratumoral cellular heterogeneity in multiple disease and treatment settings.
Cultivation strategies for prokaryotes from extreme environments
Authors: Yang Zi‐Wen , Lian Zheng‐Han , Liu Lan , Fang Bao‐Zhu , Li Wen‐Jun , Jiao Jian‐Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe great majority of microorganisms are as‐yet‐uncultivated, mostly found in extreme environments. High‐throughput sequencing provides data‐rich genomes from single‐cell and metagenomic techniques, which has enabled researchers to obtain a glimpse of the unexpected genetic diversity of “microbial dark matter.” However, cultivating microorganisms from extreme environments remains essential for dissecting and utilizing the functions of extremophiles. Here, we provide a straightforward protocol for efficiently isolating prokaryotic microorganisms from different extreme habitats (thermal, xeric, saline, alkaline, acidic, and cryogenic environments), which was established through previous successful work and our long‐term experience in extremophile resource mining. We propose common processes for extremophile isolation at first and then summarize multiple cultivation strategies for recovering prokaryotic microorganisms from extreme environments and meanwhile provide specific isolation tips that are always overlooked but important. Furthermore, we propose the use of multi‐omics‐guided microbial cultivation approaches for culturing these as‐yet‐uncultivated microorganisms and two examples are provided to introduce how these approaches work. In summary, the protocol allows researchers to significantly improve the isolation efficiency of pure cultures and novel taxa, which therefore paves the way for the protection and utilization of microbial resources from extreme environments.
Conductive polymers for cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration
Authors: Shokrollahi Parvin , Omidi Yadollah , Cubeddu Luigi X. , Omidian Hossein 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, are considered a significant global burden and the leading cause of death. Given the inability of damaged cardiac tissue to self‐repair, cell‐based tissue engineering and regeneration may be the only viable option for restoring normal heart function. To maintain the normal excitation‐contraction coupling function of cardiac tissue, uniform electronic and ionic conductance properties are required. To transport cells to damaged cardiac tissues, several techniques, including the incorporation of cells into conductive polymers (CPs) and biomaterials, have been utilized. Due to the complexity of cardiac tissues, the success of tissue engineering for the damaged heart is highly dependent on several variables, such as the cell source, growth factors, and scaffolds. In this review, we sought to provide a comprehensive overview of the electro CPs and biomaterials used in the engineering and regeneration of heart tissue.
Intraspecific variation in feeding and locomotor kinematics during prey capture in redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus)
Authors: Hawkins Olivia H. , Crawford Callie H. , Hoover Richard C. , Kane Emily A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiomechanics research often revolves around understanding traits impacting suction feeding performance in fishes, using freshwater ray‐finned sunfishes (Family Centrarchidae) as models. However, simultaneous feeding and locomotion kinematics during prey capture are not recorded for many species and there is less information on how these kinematics vary within a species and within individuals. To (1) add to existing data on the prey capture kinematics of centrarchids, (2) assess variation in a species both within and across individuals, and (3) compare morphology and prey capture kinematics of well‐sampled centrarchids, we filmed five redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) at 500 fps−1 approaching and striking non‐evasive prey. Redbreast approach prey at ~30 cm s−1 and use approximately 70% of their maximum gape size. Traits related to feeding are more repeatable than traits related to locomotion. However, the Accuracy Index (AI) was consistent across individuals (AI = 0.76 ± 0.07). Functionally, redbreast sunfish are more similar to bluegill sunfish but morphologically they fall in the intermediate morphospace alongside green sunfish when compared with other centrarchids. These data show that whole organism outcomes (AI) are similar despite variation present both within and across individuals and demonstrate the importance of considering both interspecific and intraspecific differences in the functional diversity of ecologically and evolutionarily important behaviors such as prey capture.
Social signal manipulation and environmental challenges have independent effects on physiology, internal microbiome, and reproductive performance in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)
Authors: Taff Conor C. , McNew Sabrina M. , Zimmer Cedric , Uehling Jennifer J. , Houtz Jennifer L. , Ryan Thomas A. , Chang van Oordt David , Injaian Allison S. , Vitousek Maren N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe social environment that individuals experience appears to be a particularly salient mediator of stress resilience, as the nature and valence of social interactions are often related to subsequent health, physiology, microbiota, and overall stress resilience. Relatively few studies have simultaneously manipulated the social environment and ecological challenges under natural conditions. Here, we report the results of experiments in wild tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in which we manipulated both ecological challenges (predator encounters and flight efficiency reduction) and social interactions (by experimental dulling of a social signal). In two experiments conducted in separate years, we reversed the order of these treatments so that females experienced either an altered social signal followed by a challenge or vice‐versa. Before, during, and after treatments were applied, we tracked breeding success, morphology and physiology (mass, corticosterone, and glucose), nest box visits via an RFID sensor network, cloacal microbiome diversity, and fledging success. Overall, we found that predator exposure during the nestling period reduced the likelihood of fledging and that signal manipulation sometimes altered nest box visitation patterns, but little evidence that the two categories of treatment interacted with each other. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding what types of challenges and what conditions are most likely to result in interactions between the social environment and ecological challenges.
Effect of tecovirimat on healing time and viral clearance by emulation of a target trial in patients hospitalized for mpox
Authors: Mazzotta Valentina , Cozzi‐Lepri Alessandro , Lanini Simone , Mondi Annalisa , Carletti Fabrizio , Tavelli Alessandro , Gagliardini Roberta , Vita Serena , Pinnetti Carmela , Aguglia Camilla , Colavita Francesca , Faccendini Paolo , Matusali Giulia , Faraglia Francesca , Beccacece Alessia , Paulicelli Jessica , Girardi Enrico , Nicastri Emanuele , Vaia Francesco , Maggi Fabrizio , Antinori Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTecovirimat is a treatment option for severe mpox, although randomized clinical trials are ongoing. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of tecovirimat on healing time and the extent of viral clearance by target trial emulation using observational data. Clinical and virological data of patients hospitalized for mpox were collected. Samples from the upper respiratory tract (URT) were grouped in two time points: T1 (median 6 days from symptoms onset) and T2 (median 5 days from T1). Patients were followed‐up until recovery. Average treatment effect (ATE) in patients untreated versus treated with tecovirimat was estimated on time to healing and variation in viral load in URT, using a weighted and cloning analysis. Among the 41 patients included, 19 completed a course of tecovirimat. The median time from symptoms onset to hospitalization and to drug‐starting was 4 days and 10 days, respectively. No improvement in healing time in treated versus untreated was observed. No difference by treatment group in time to viral clearance was detected by ATE fitted in a subset of 13 patients after controlling for confounders. We found no evidence for a large effect of tecovirimat in shortening healing time and viral clearance. While awaiting the results of randomized studies, the use of tecovirimat should be restricted to the clinical trial setting.
Has Arctic sea ice loss affected summer precipitation in North China?
Authors: Wu Bingyi , Li Zhenkun , Zhang Xiang , Sha Yuqing , Duan Xinrong , Pang Xueqi , Ding Shuoyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArctic sea ice loss is one of the most striking features in changing of the climate system and affects weather and climate in the midlatitudes through complex interactions and feedback processes. However, it is not clear whether Arctic sea ice loss has affected summer precipitation in East Asia. This study shows that summer regional precipitation in North China exhibits obvious features of phasic variations. Before 1998, positive and negative precipitation anomalies appeared alternately. While from 1999 to 2011, negative precipitation anomalies were dominant. Since 2012, increased summer precipitation has been observed frequently. A direct cause of increases of summer precipitation in North China is an enhancement of water vapour transport from South China and China's marginal seas, which can be attributed to the strengthening and northward shifting of the northwestern Pacific subtropical high and the spatial configuration with west low–east high and north low–south high in East Asian height fields. Although summer atmospheric circulation anomalies in high latitudes are dominant during the sea ice melting phase, their contributions to summer precipitation variations in North China are little. Simulation experiments show that Arctic sea ice loss can significantly affect the atmospheric circulation in high latitudes; however, it cannot be regarded as a major cause of observed recent increases in precipitation in North China. Additionally, Arctic sea ice loss has little impact on summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and South China.
Enhancing supply chain resilience through government subsidies and blockchain adoption: Ensuring sustainability and preventing disruptions
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Bai Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs environmental protection becomes increasingly important, so does the significance of incorporating the recycling manufacturing model into the supply chain. Meanwhile, addressing supply chain disruption is imperative in the supply chain. To understand the relationship between remanufacturing and supply chain disruption, we studied the effect of supply chain disruption, remanufacturing, blockchain technology, and government subsidies on preventing supply chain disruption in the second period. There have two models in the following discussion. In the local market, a manufacturer M manufactures and recycles products for remanufacture in the second stage. At the same time, retailer R is responsible for the sales of products. We also add government subsidies and blockchain technology, discussing those roles in preventing supply chain disruptions in the second period. Blockchain technology and government subsidies are equally crucial in averting disruptions during the second period, although they may only provide partial protection against supply chain disruption.
Sphingolipid and Phospholipid Levels Are Altered in Human Brain in Chorea‐Acanthocytosis
Authors: Miltenberger‐Miltenyi Gabriel , Jones Attila , Tetlow Amber M. , Conceição Vasco A. , Crary John F. , Ditzel Ricky Michael , Farrell Kurt , Nandakumar Renu , Barton Brandon , Karp Barbara I. , Kirby Alana , Lett Debra J. , Mente Karin , Morgello Susan , Simon David K. , Walker Ruth H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundChorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc) is associated with mutations of VPS13A, which encodes for chorein, a protein implicated in lipid transport at intracellular membrane contact sites.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to establish the lipidomic profile of patients with ChAc.MethodsWe analyzed 593 lipid species in the caudate nucleus (CN), putamen, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from postmortem tissues of four patients with ChAc and six patients without ChAc.ResultsWe found increased levels of bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate, sulfatide, lysophosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylcholine ether in the CN and putamen, but not in the DLPFC, of patients with ChAc. Phosphatidylserine and monoacylglycerol were increased in the CN and N‐acyl phosphatidylserine in the putamen. N‐acyl serine was decreased in the CN and DLPFC, whereas lysophosphatidylinositol was decreased in the DLPFC.ConclusionsWe present the first evidence of altered sphingolipid and phospholipid levels in the brains of patients with ChAc. Our observations are congruent with recent findings in cellular and animal models, and implicate defects of lipid processing in VPS13A disease pathophysiology. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Prespawn Mortality of Spring Chinook Salmon in Three Willamette River Populations
Authors: Naughton George P. , Keefer Matthew L. , Clabough Tami S. , Knoff Matthew J. , Blubaugh Timothy J. , Morasch Mark R. , Sharpe Cameron S. , Caudill Christopher C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Impassable dams on major tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon, have restricted access to historical spawning habitat for returning adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. To restore these populations, some fish are collected and transported in trucks upstream of dams (i.e., adult trap-and-haul operations). However, persistently high prespawn mortality (PSM) rates in these programs have hindered conservation efforts. The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental factors and individual fish traits associated with PSM in Chinook Salmon populations that were transported and released upstream of dams in three Willamette River tributaries. Annual PSM of tagged and untagged female salmon ranged from 6% to 88% across 7 years. Mortality was higher in warmer years and in warmer tributaries, consistent with rangewide studies of PSM in Chinook Salmon. Effects of individual traits were mixed across sites: longer salmon and those released relatively early or late in the migrations had higher mortality. We conclude that strategies designed to minimize adult Chinook Salmon exposure to warm water temperatures, as well as additional research into both proximate and ultimate causes of PSM, may lead to better management and conservation outcomes for outplanted populations, including those in Willamette River tributaries.
Facilitators and challenges to transitioning to self‐catheterization: Patient and caregiver perspectives
Authors: Hayes Lillian C. , Saunders Rachel A. , Choung Kennary , Masoom Saafia N. , Price Diane E. , Bauer Stuart B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionClean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is a well‐established method of managing lower urinary tract dysfunction. Depending on the age at introduction, caregivers might perform CIC initially but then transition responsibility to their children. Little is known about how to support families during this transition. Our aim is to learn the facilitators and challenges experienced when supporting the transition from caregiver‐led CIC to patient self‐CIC.Materials and MethodsA phenomenological approach was used to gather information from caregivers and children >12 years through semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis was utilized to generate themes around experience with the transition from caregiver‐led CIC to patient self‐CIC.ResultsOf the 40 families interviewed, 25 families underwent successful transition to patient self‐CIC. Analysis of excerpts identified a three‐step process, including (1) desiring to learn self‐CIC, (2) practical learning of CIC techniques, and (3) mastering of techniques leading to emotional and physical independence. Many families experienced challenges in transitioning to self‐CIC, including patient or caregiver reluctance, improper equipment, past negative experiences, lack of knowledge about urinary tract anatomy and function, abnormal anatomy, and/or moderate to severe intellectual disability.DiscussionAuthors reviewed interventions to address challenges and provide clinical care recommendations to enhance success during the transition to patient self‐CIC.ConclusionNo prior studies have identified this stepwise process that occurs in the transition from caregiver‐led CIC to patient self‐CIC. Healthcare providers and school officials (where indicated) can support families during this transition, with attention to facilitators and challenges identified in this study.