bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lamin A/C phosphorylation at serine 22 is a conserved heat shock response to regulate nuclear adaptation during stress
Authors: Virtanen Laura , Holm Emilia , Halme Mona , West Gun , Lindholm Fanny , Gullmets Josef , Irjala Juho , Heliö Tiina , Padzik Artur , Meinander Annika , Eriksson John E. , Taimen Pekka 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The heat shock (HS) response is crucial for cell survival in harmful environments. Nuclear lamin A/C, encoded by the LMNA gene, contributes towards altered gene expression during HS, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that upon HS, lamin A/C was reversibly phosphorylated at serine 22 in concert with HSF1 activation in human cells, mouse cells and Drosophila melanogaster in vivo. Consequently, the phosphorylation facilitated nucleoplasmic localization of lamin A/C and nuclear sphericity in response to HS. Interestingly, lamin A/C knock-out cells showed deformed nuclei after HS and were rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type lamin A, but not by a phosphomimetic (S22D) lamin A mutant. Furthermore, HS triggered concurrent downregulation of lamina-associated protein 2α (Lap2α, encoded by TMPO) in wild-type lamin A/C-expressing cells, but a similar response was perturbed in lamin A/C knock-out cells and in LMNA mutant patient fibroblasts, which showed impaired cell cycle arrest under HS and compromised survival at recovery. Taken together, our results suggest that the altered phosphorylation stoichiometry of lamin A/C provides an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to regulate lamina structure and serve nuclear adaptation and cell survival during HS.
CCDC86 is a novel Ki-67-interacting protein important for cell division
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Chmielewska Aldona , Ohta Shinya , Earnshaw William C. , Vagnarelli Paola 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The chromosome periphery is a network of proteins and RNAs that coats the outer surface of mitotic chromosomes. Despite the identification of new components, the functions of this complex compartment are poorly characterised. In this study, we identified a novel chromosome periphery-associated protein, CCDC86 (also known as cyclon). Using a combination of RNA interference, microscopy and biochemistry, we studied the functions of CCDC86 in mitosis. CCDC86 depletion resulted in partial disorganisation of the chromosome periphery with alterations in the localisation of Ki-67 (also known as MKI67) and nucleolin (NCL), and the formation of abnormal cytoplasmic aggregates. Furthermore, CCDC86-depleted cells displayed errors in chromosome alignment, altered spindle length and increased apoptosis. These results suggest that, within the chromosome periphery, different subcomplexes that include CCDC86, nucleolin and B23 (nucleophosmin or NPM1) are required for mitotic spindle regulation and correct kinetochore–microtubule attachments, thus contributing to chromosome segregation in mitosis. Moreover, we identified CCDC86 as a MYCN-regulated gene, the expression levels of which represent a powerful marker for prognostic outcomes in neuroblastoma.
Diacylglycerol at the inner nuclear membrane fuels nuclear envelope expansion in closed mitosis
Authors: Foo Sherman , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Wenk Markus R. , Oliferenko Snezhana 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Nuclear envelope (NE) expansion must be controlled to maintain nuclear shape and function. The nuclear membrane expands massively during closed mitosis, enabling chromosome segregation within an intact NE. Phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DG) can both serve as biosynthetic precursors for membrane lipid synthesis. How they are regulated in time and space and what the implications are of changes in their flux for mitotic fidelity are largely unknown. Using genetically encoded PA and DG probes, we show that DG is depleted from the inner nuclear membrane during mitosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, but PA does not accumulate, indicating that it is rerouted to membrane synthesis. We demonstrate that DG-to-PA conversion catalyzed by the diacylglycerol kinase Dgk1 (also known as Ptp4) and direct glycerophospholipid synthesis from DG by diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase/ethanolaminephosphotransferase Ept1 reinforce NE expansion. We conclude that DG consumption through both the de novo pathway and the Kennedy pathway fuels a spike in glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, controlling NE expansion and, ultimately, mitotic fidelity.
Hoverfly (Eristalis tenax) pursuit of artificial targets
Authors: Thyselius Malin , Ogawa Yuri , Leibbrandt Richard , Wardill Trevor J. , Gonzalez-Bellido Paloma T. , Nordström Karin 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe ability to visualize small moving objects is vital for the survival of many animals, as these could represent predators or prey. For example, predatory insects, including dragonflies, robber flies and killer flies, perform elegant, high-speed pursuits of both biological and artificial targets. Many non-predatory insects, including male hoverflies and blowflies, also pursue targets during territorial or courtship interactions. To date, most hoverfly pursuits have been studied outdoors. To investigate hoverfly (Eristalis tenax) pursuits under more controlled settings, we constructed an indoor arena that was large enough to encourage naturalistic behavior. We presented artificial beads of different sizes, moving at different speeds, and filmed pursuits with two cameras, allowing subsequent 3D reconstruction of the hoverfly and bead position as a function of time. We show that male E. tenax hoverflies are unlikely to use strict heuristic rules based on angular size or speed to determine when to start pursuit, at least in our indoor setting. We found that hoverflies pursued faster beads when the trajectory involved flying downwards towards the bead. Furthermore, we show that target pursuit behavior can be broken down into two stages. In the first stage, the hoverfly attempts to rapidly decreases the distance to the target by intercepting it at high speed. During the second stage, the hoverfly's forward speed is correlated with the speed of the bead, so that the hoverfly remains close, but without catching it. This may be similar to dragonfly shadowing behavior, previously coined ‘motion camouflage’.
Correlation between the three-dimensional maxillomandibular complex parameters and pharyngeal airway dimensions in different sagittal and vertical malocclusions
Authors: Al-Somairi Majedh Abdo Ali , Liu Yi , Almashraq Abeer A. , Almaqrami Bushra S. , Alshoaibi Lina H. , Alyafrusee Enas S. , Al-Tayar Barakat , An Xiaoli , Alhammadi Maged S. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:This study aimed to determine the three-dimensional (3D) correlation between maxillomandibular complex parameters and pharyngeal airway dimensions in different sagittal and vertical malocclusions.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study included the CBCT scans of 368 patients with a mean age of 23.81 ± 3.01 years. The patients were classified into three groups (skeletal Class I, II, and III). Each class group was divided into three subgroups based on vertical growth patterns (hypo-, normo-, and hyperdivergent). The maxillomandibular complex was evaluated in the three planes using 16 skeletal measurements. Naso-, oro-, hypo-, and total pharyngeal airway spaces were assessed in terms of width, volume, surface area, and minimum constricted area (MCA). Two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test were used.Results:The nasopharyngeal airway space was significantly lowest regarding sagittal and lateral widths in the skeletal Class III patients, the lowest volume and surface area were in hyperdivergent patients, and MCA was the highest in Class II and hypodivergent patients. The oro- and hypopharyngeal sagittal width, volume, surface area, and MCA were the lowest in the hyperdivergent patients, and oropharyngeal lateral width and hypopharyngeal sagittal width were the highest in skeletal Class III. The total pharyngeal volume, surface area, and MCA were the lowest in the hyperdivergent patients, and skeletal Class II patients had the lowest MCA.Conclusions:The pharyngeal airway dimensions differ with various sagittal and vertical malocclusions. These differences could apply to diagnosis, treatment planning, and possible changes following orthodontic/orthopedic or surgical treatment.
Parotid gland evaluation of menopausal women with xerostomia using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method of MRI: a pilot study
Authors: Jeon Kug Jin , Park Younjung , Jeong Hui , Lee Chena , Choi Yoon Joo , Han Sang-Sun 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the quantitative fat fraction (FF) of the parotid gland in menopausal females with xerostomia using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method. Methods: A total 138 parotid glands of 69 menopausal females were enrolled in our study and participants were divided into normal group and xerostomia group. The xerostomia group was divided into those with or without Sjögren’s syndrome. Participants underwent IDEAL-IQ sequences of MRI and the stimulated salivary flow test (s-SFR). The unpaired t-test was used to compare the FFs between the normal and xerostomia groups and between the subgroups with and without Sjögren’s syndrome. The correlation between FF and s-SFR was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation. Results: Excellent intra- and interobserver agreement during the measurement of FFs by IDEAL-IQ method (ICC>0.99, respectively). FF value in the xerostomia group was statistically significantly higher than the value in the normal group (p < 0.05). Within the xerostomia group, the average FF value of females with Sjögren’s syndrome was higher than that of females without Sjögren’s syndrome. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Within the xerostomia group, FF value correlated negatively with s-SFR (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The FF of the parotid gland was higher in the xerostomia group than in the normal group and FF value and s-SFR showed a negative correlation. Analyses of the FF using IDEAL-IQ in menopausal females can be helpful for the quantitative diagnosis of xerostomia.
Clinical characteristics of cerebral vascular dementia and early diagnostic value of cranial nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Zhou Wenxing , Li Lianxia , Lang Yan , Jiang Hongxin 
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study aimed to observe the diagnostic value of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with vascular dementia induced by ischemic stroke.
Methods: The experiment was designed according to the randomized control principle. Two hundred and eighty patients with ischemic stroke who were admitted to Gucheng County Hospital between June 2019 and June 2021 were selected as research subjects. Patients without vascular dementia after stroke were included in the control group, and patients with vascular dementia after stroke were included in the observation group. The cranial MRI was performed in both groups.
Results: Proportions of patients with large and moderate infarct lesions in brain tissues were significantly higher in the observation group than the control group. The data variation of relevant MRI detection indicators of the observation group was more obvious than that of the control group (P<0.05). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), but the HIS score was higher (P>0.05). Patients with changes in brain morphology were more in the observation group than the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Patients with vascular dementia induced by ischemic stroke are characterized by cortical atrophy, widening of the cerebral sulcus, large infarct lesion area and sparse cerebral white matter. Cranial MRI can effectively identify these features. The application of cranial MRI has some clinical values for early treatment and prognostic assessment.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6425
How to cite this: Zhou W, Li L, Lang Y, Jiang H. Clinical characteristics of cerebral vascular dementia and early diagnostic value of cranial nuclear magnetic resonance. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6425
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of screen time on behavior of pre-schoolers in Islamabad
Authors: Suleman Marriam , Ume Sughra  , Riaz Asmaa , Akbar Maheen 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Early years of childhood form the basis of intelligence, personality, social behaviour, and capacity to learn and nurture oneself as an adult. Our objective was to find out the effects of screen time on behavior of pre-schoolers, which could provide scientific grounds to the control of digital screen time.
Method: A cross sectional survey was conducted in four private preschools of Islamabad from June -November 2021. A sample size of 200 children ages three-five years were selected through multistage random sampling using a parental questionnaire. Children were grouped based on daily screen time of ≤60 minutes or >60 minutes. Analysis was made based on the Child behavior checklist for ages eighteen months-five years results. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.925. It was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and multi linear regression were applied to determine the association and significance levels between the variables.
Results: Study results indicate increased screen time was statistically significant with child’s age, education level and employment status of mothers. It was observed that pre-schoolers with screen time of > 60 minutes tend to suffer more from withdrawal syndrome (11.94±3.91, p = 0.014) sleep problems (10.97±3.20, p = 0.010) and Autism spectrum problems (17.66±5.89, p = 0.047) as compared to pre-schoolers with screen time ≤60 minutes. Strongest predictor of outcome variable was found to be mothers education level (ß = 21.53).
Conclusion: Study findings revealed that excessive screen time has deleterious effect and is associated with behavioural problems of pre-schoolers.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6883
How to cite this: Suleman M, Sughra U, Riaz A, Akbar M. Effect of screen time on behavior of pre-schoolers in Islamabad. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6883
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pain management in the intensive care unit
Authors: Motes Arunee 
Published: January 2023

Critically ill patients often experience pain from an underlying illness or injury, a recent surgical or other invasive procedure, or various interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU), e.g., endotracheal intubation, vascular access devices, nasogastric tubes, urinary catheters, mechanical ventilation, and routine nursing care, such as repositioning. Opioids remain the mainstay medication for pain control in the ICU; however, they can have adverse effects, including over-sedation, respiratory depression, opioid-induced constipation, opioid dependence and withdrawal, which result in increased length of ICU/hospital stay, health care costs, morbidity, and mortality. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action, usual doses, side effects, recent studies of opioids that are frequently used in adult ICUs, and pain assessment tools for monitoring pain in adult ICU patients.

Keywords: analgesia, opioids, intensive care unit, pain assessment tools
Ivermectin - an antiviral drug for the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Peterson Christopher , Ammu Anusha , Mangwiro Audrey , Crist Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 infections has been a subject of significant interest and controversy. The drug has a history of off-label use for a variety of clinical disorders and has shown some potential as an antiviral drug in in vitro studies and animal studies, and it has a relatively favorable safety profile. Multiple studies have been published examining the use of ivermectin against COVID-19. While several studies suggested it could be an effective therapeutic, most of these studies were insufficiently robust, had design flaws, or did not report any changes in important clinical outcomes, such as mortality. A smaller number of more robust studies did not support ivermectin use for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, at present, ivermectin cannot be recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. While further studies may be warranted, this decision must be weighed against the possibility that this research may not alter current recommendations on the use of ivermectin in COVID-19 infections.

Keywords: COVID-19; ivermectin; prophylaxis, hospitalization, respiratory failure, mortality
Obowiązywanie opłaty targowej na przykładzie wybranych gmin w województwach kujawsko-pomorskim i zachodniopomorskim
Authors: Mańczyk Paweł 
Published: January 2023

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących obowiązywania opłaty targowej w wybranych gminach położonych w województwach kujawsko-pomorskim i zachodniopomorskim z uwagi na okoliczność, że od 1 stycznia 2016 r. opłata ta ma charakter fakultatywny i jej wprowadzenie w danej gminie zależy od woli jej rady. Tam, gdzie opłata targowa dalej obowiązuje, sprawdzono ponadto wysokość uzyskiwanych z jej tytułu wpływów. Dla porównania przedstawiono również dane statystyczne obejmujące ogół gmin za lata 2019 i 2020.
The effect of whole body vibration on gait stability in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a preliminary study
Authors: Silveira-Ciola Aline Prieto , Barbieri Fabio Augusto , Soares Carolina Favarin , Marques Nise Ribeiro , Simieli Lucas , Faganello-Navega Flávia Roberta 
Published: January 2023

Background/AimsWhole body vibration could benefit functional mobility in people with Parkinson's disease. A preliminary study was undertaken to analyse the acute effect of whole body vibration on unobstructed walking and obstacle circumvention in people with Parkinson's disease.MethodsPeople with Parkinson's disease and typically healthy individuals as matched controls were divided into four groups with nine individuals in each: experimental or placebo for people with Parkinson's disease and experimental or placebo for the control group. The participants were evaluated in two different gait conditions: unobstructed walking and obstacle circumvention. Then the participants undertook a session of whole body vibration on a KIKOS P201 lateral vibratory platform in two positions: feet shoulder-width apart, and feet shoulder-width apart with slightly flexed knees. The participants were re-evaluated after this session.ResultsAfter whole body vibration, those in the experimental Parkinson's disease group had a reduced co-contraction of the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius lateralis muscles during unobstructed walking, whereas the co-contraction of the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius lateralis muscles increased in the experimental control group. In addition, those in the experimental control group had reduced stride duration in unobstructed walking and in obstacle circumvention. After the placebo intervention, the co-contraction of the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius lateralis muscles increased in all conditions and stride duration was reduced in unobstructed walking.ConclusionsAlthough whole body vibration had no acute efficiency on gait (unobstructed walking and obstacle circumvention), it can improve other components, such as strength, which could be important for people with Parkinson's disease.
Relating parental stress with sleep disorders in parents and children
Authors: Merrill Ray M. , Slavik Kayla R. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo assess whether child sleep disorders positively correlate with parental insomnia, hypersomnia, and sleep apnea, and whether parental and child sleep disorders simultaneously positively associate with parental stress. Potential modifying influences of these associations by age, sex, and marital status will be considered.MethodsAnalyses are based on 14,009 employees aged 18–64 with dependent children (n = 44,157) insured by Deseret Mutual Benefit Administrator (DMBA) in 2020. Rate ratios are adjusted for age, sex, and marital status.ResultsThe rate of parental stress is 3.00 (95% CI 2.33–4.85) times greater for those with insomnia and 1.88 (95% CI 1.59–2.22) times greater for those with sleep apnea. There is no increased risk of stress for those with hypersomnia. The number of dependent children filing one or more medical claims for a sleep disorder is 2.0%. Mean age is significantly older among those with a sleep disorder (17.1 vs. 14.4, t p < .0001). Child sex is not associated with the risk of having a sleep disorder. The rate of employee insomnia is 111% greater if their child has a sleep disorder, and employee sleep apnea is 115% greater if their child has a sleep disorder. The association between child sleep disorders and sleep apnea decreases with employee age (Wald chi-square p = 0.0410). The rate of employee stress is 90% greater if their child has a sleep disorder, 189% greater if they have insomnia, and 81% greater if they have sleep apnea. The strength of the association between insomnia and stress is greater for women (Wald Chi-square p = 0.0114), between sleep apnea and stress is greater for women (Wald chi-square p = 0.0010), and between sleep apnea and stress is greater for singles (Wald chi-square p = 0.0010).ConclusionsBetter understanding the connection between parent and child sleep problems and parent stress, and modifying influences, may improve treatment of these disorders.