bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Loading Types on the Validity and Magnitude of Force-Velocity Relationship Parameters
Authors: Jankovic Goran , Janicijevic Danica , Nedeljkovic Aleksandar , Petrovic Milos R. , Cosic Marko , Garcia-Ramos Amador 
Published: June 2023

Background: Force-velocity ( F-V) relationship models gained popularity as a tool for muscle mechanical assessment. However, it is not clear whether the validity of the F-V relationship parameters (maximal theoretical force [ F0], velocity [ V0] and power [ Pmax]) is affected using different load types: gravitational ( W, rubber bands pulling the barbell downward), inertial ( I, rubber bands pulling the barbell, which is equalized to the weight of the added plates upward), and combined ( W + I, weight of the plates). Hypothesis: Load type would affect both the magnitude and validity of F-V relationship parameters. The highest magnitude and validity was expected for F0 using a W, for V0 using an I, and for Pmax using a W + I load. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 13 resistance-trained men (body mass, 87.7 ± 11.2 kg and body height, 183.9 ± 6.4 cm) performed bench press (BP) throws (BPTs) using 3 types of loads against 30 to 80 kg. The validity of F-V relationship parameters was explored with respect to the tests used traditionally for force (maximal voluntary contraction and 1-repetition maximum [1RM]), velocity (maximal velocity achieved during almost unloaded tasks), and power (BPT against the 50%1RM and medicine ball throws) assessment. Results: The W + I loading promoted the highest values of F0 and Pmax, while the highest magnitude of V0 was promoted by the I loading. The validity was acceptable for F0 obtained using the 3 loading conditions with respect to the BP 1RM ( r range, 0.30-0.83), and V0 obtained using the I loading with respect to the stick throw ( r = 0.54). Conclusion: The magnitude of the F-V relationship parameters is affected by load type, but their validity with respect to standardized tests is comparable, with the exception of the higher validity of V0 when obtained using the I loading. Clinical Relevance: Any load type can be used for assessing F0, while I load should be selected when assessing V0.
Accumulation of arsenic and other metals in soil and human consumable foods of Meherpur district, southwestern Bangladesh, and associated health risk assessment
Authors: Rahman Md. Shazzadur , Reza A. H. M. Selim , Siddique Md. Abu Bakar , Akbor Md. Ahedul , Hasan Mehedi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGroundwater and soil contaminated with arsenic (As) are significant environmental health concerns worldwide and have become a serious health issue for millions of Bangladeshis. This contaminated groundwater is commonly used for Boro rice production during the dry season in Bangladesh, leading to long-term As deposition in soils. The consequences of long-term irrigation with As-contaminated groundwater for bioaccumulation in food crops and hence dietary exposure to As and other metals are a threat to the resident. Highly arsenic (292 µg L−1) contaminated groundwater used to irrigate in the study area increases the As content (mean: 24.5 mg kg−1) in irrigated soil than non-irrigated soil (mean: 8.43 mg kg−1). The high enrichment factor (mean: 16.8) and geo-accumulation index (mean: 2.33) revealed that the soil of that particular area is strongly contaminated by As. In paddy, roots showed the maximum As concentration (mean: 139.8 mg kg−1) followed by straws (mean: 5.25 mg kg−1) and grains (mean: 1.23 mg kg−1) where 85–95% As exist in the roots of paddy, and only 0.8–1% As translocate to the harvesting part of the rice in the study area. In food samples, two rice grains (R-1, R-3) and a drumstick (FS-5) exceed the Indian standard of As concentration (As: 1.1 mg kg−1) in food. According to World Health Organization, the metals concentrations in all food samples exceeded the permissible limit except for Cu and Pb in red amaranth; Cr, Cd, and Pb in guava; and Cu and Cd in drumsticks. Higher values of bioaccumulation factor (BAF: 2.94) and the net translocation coefficient (NTC: 6.17) indicate As-accumulation in food from adjacent contaminated soil. Daily metal intake from food consumption suggests that the heavy metal(loid)s like As, Ni, and Pb represent high concentrations and exceed the daily ingestion limits (As: 3 µg kg−1 day−1, Ni: 1.3 µg kg−1 day−1, and Pb: 3.57 µg kg−1 day−1) developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization and European Food Safety Authority. Carcinogenic (> 10–6) and non-carcinogenic (HQ > 1) health risks of As, Pb, Cd, and Cu suggest that the community was at potential health risk according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Association of ambient particulate matter with hospital admissions, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs due to cardiovascular disease: time-series analysis based on data from the Shanghai Medical Insurance System from 2016 to 2019
Authors: Zhou Wenyong , Wen Zexuan , Peng Wenjia , Wang Xinyu , Yang Minyi , Wang Weibing , Wei Jing , Xiong Haiyan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
There is limited evidence supporting a relationship of ambient particulate matter (PM), especially PM1, with hospital admissions, hospital costs, and length of hospital stay (LOS) due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the associations of these indicators due to CVD for each 10 μg/m3 increase in the level of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and the attributable risk caused by PM on CVD was determined using the WHO air quality guidelines from 2005 and 2021.

Results
For each 10 μg/m3 increase in the level of each PM and for a 0-day lag time, there were significant increases in daily hospital admissions for CVD (PM1: 1.006% [95% CI 0.859, 1.153]; PM2.5: 0.454% [95% CI 0.377, 0.530]; PM10: 0.263% [95% CI 0.206, 0.320]) and greater daily hospital costs for CVD (PM1: 523.135 thousand CNY [95% CI 253.111, 793.158]; PM2.5: 247.051 thousand CNY [95% CI 106.766, 387.336]; PM10: 141.284 thousand CNY [95% CI 36.195, 246.373]). There were no significant associations between PM and daily LOS. Stratified analyses demonstrated stronger effects in young people and males for daily hospital admissions, and stronger effects in the elderly and males for daily hospital costs. Daily hospital admissions increased linearly with PM concentration up to about 30 µg/m3 (PM1), 60 µg/m3 (PM2.5), and 90 µg/m3 (PM10), with slower increases at higher concentrations. Daily hospital costs had an approximately linear increase with PM concentration at all tested concentrations. In general, hospital admissions, hospital costs, and LOS due to CVD were greater for PM2.5 than PM10, and the more stringent 2021 WHO guidelines indicated greater admissions, costs, and LOS due to CVD.

Conclusions
Short-term elevation of PM of different sizes was associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions and hospital costs due to CVD. The relationship with hospital admissions was strongest for men and young individuals, and the relationship with hospital costs was strongest for men and the elderly. Smaller PM is associated with greater risk.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus-1 infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Central Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: Arunasalam Shiyamalee , Pattiyakumbura Thulani , Shihab Sibra RM , Muthugala Rohitha , Noordeen Faseeha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Human bocavirus-1 (hBoV-1) was first detected in respiratory specimens in 2005. Due to high co-infection rates and prolonged shedding of the virus, the pathogenic role of hBoV-1 as a primary causative agent of respiratory infections is still under discussion. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hBoV-1 infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Central Province of Sri Lanka.

Methods
A total of 1021 patients (Age 12 days to ≤ 85 years) with ARTI symptoms including fever, cough, cold, sore throat and shortness of breath within first 7 days of the illness were included. The study was carried out at the National Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka from January 2021 to October 2022. Respiratory specimens were tested to detect 23 pathogens including hBoV-1 using a real time PCR. Prevalence of hBoV-1 co-infections with other respiratory pathogens and distribution of hBoV-1 infection among different age groups were determined. Moreover, clinical and demographic characteristics of hBoV-1 mono-infection associated ARTI were compared with that of the hBoV-1 co-infections.

Results
Respiratory infections were detected in 51.5% (526/1021) of the patients and of these 82.5% were mono- and 17.1% were co-infections. hBoV-1 was detected in 66 patients and this was the most prevalent respiratory virus associated with 40% co-infections. Of the 66 hBoV-1 positive patients, 36 had co-infections and of these 33 had dual and 3 had triple infections. Most of the hBoV-1 co-infections were identified in children aged 2-<5 years. hBoV-1 co-infections were most frequently detected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Rhino/ Entero viruses (Rh/EnV). No differences were observed in age, gender and clinical presentations in those with hBoV-1 mono- compared to co-infections. Intensive care admissions were less among hBoV-1 mono-infected than hBoV-1 co-infected patients.

Conclusion
This study shows a prevalence of 12.5% for hBoV-1 infections in patients with ARTI. RSV and Rh/EnV were the most common co-infecting pathogens with hBoV-1. Clinical features of hBoV-1 mono-infections were not different to that of the hBoV-1 co-infections. Interactions between hBoV-1 and other respiratory pathogens need investigation to identify the role of hBoV-1 in clinical severity of co-infections.
Emergence of microbial infections in some hospitals of Cairo, Egypt: studying their corresponding antimicrobial resistance profiles
Authors: Helmy Asmaa K. , Sidkey Nagwa M. , El-Badawy Ramy E. , Hegazi Ahmed G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the ten major public health threats facing humanity, especially in developing countries. Identification of the pathogens responsible for different microbial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns are important to help clinicians to choose the correct empirical drugs and provide optimal patient care.

Methods
During the period from November 2020 to January 2021, one hundred microbial isolates were collected randomly from different specimens from some hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. Sputum and chest specimens were from COVID-19 patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI guidelines.

Results
Most microbial infections were more common in males and in elderly people over 45 years of age. They were caused by Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, and yeast isolates that represented 69%, 15%, and 16%, respectively. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (35%) were the most prevalent microbial isolates and showed high resistance rates towards penicillin, ampicillin, and cefixime, followed by Klebsiella spp. (13%) and Candida spp. (16%). Of all microbial isolates, Acinetobacter spp., Serratia spp., Hafnia alvei, and Klebsiella ozaenae were extremely multidrug-resistant (MDR) and have resisted all antibiotic classes used, except for glycylcycline, in varying degrees. Acinetobacter spp., Serratia spp., and Candida spp. were secondary microbial infections in COVID-19 patients, while H. alvei was a bloodstream infection isolate and K. ozaenae was recorded in most infections. Moreover, about half of Staphylococcus aureus strains were MRSA isolates and reported low rates of resistance to glycylcycline and linezolid. In comparison, Candida spp. showed high resistance rates between 77 and 100% to azole drugs and terbinafine, while no resistance rate towards nystatin was reported. Indeed, glycylcycline, linezolid, and nystatin were considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of MDR infections.

Conclusion
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in some Egyptian hospitals was high among Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, and candida spp. The high resistance pattern —especially in secondary microbial infections in COVID-19 patients— to most antibiotics used is a matter of great concern, portends an inevitable catastrophe, and requires continuous monitoring to avoid the evolution of new generations.
Elevated cell-free mitochondria DNA level of patients with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Zhou Xing-Yu , Yang Yi-Zhen , Zhang Jun , Zhang Xiao-Fei , Liu Yu-Dong , Wang Zhe , Chen Shi-Ling 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients present with a chronic inflammatory state. Cell-free mitochondria DNA (cf-mtDNA) has been explored as a reliable biomarker for estimating the inflammation-related disorders, however, the cf-mtDNA levels in POI patients have never been measured. Therefore, in the presenting study, we aimed to evaluate the levels of cf-mtDNA in plasma and follicular fluid (FF) of POI patients and to determine a potential role of cf-mtDNA in predicting the disease progress and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods
We collected plasma and FF samples from POI patients, biochemical POI (bPOI) patients and control women. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the ratio of mitochondrial genome to nuclear genome of cf-DNAs extracted from the plasma and FF samples.

Results
The plasma cf-mtDNA levels, including COX3, CYB, ND1 and mtDNA79, were significantly higher in overt POI patients than those in bPOI patients or control women. The plasma cf-mtDNA levels were weakly correlated with ovarian reserve, and could not be improved by regular hormone replacement therapy. The levels of cf-mtDNA in FF, rather than those in plasma, exhibited the potential to predict the pregnancy outcomes, although they were comparable among overt POI, bPOI and control groups.

Conclusions
The increased plasma cf-mtDNA levels in overt POI patients indicated its role in the progress of POI and the FF cf-mtDNA content may hold the value in predicting pregnancy outcomes of POI patients.
Comparison of inequality in utilization of postnatal care services between Bangladesh and Pakistan: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018
Authors: Misu Farjana , Alam Khurshid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Inequality in postnatal care (PNC) has remained a challenge in many low- and middle-income countries, like Bangladesh and Pakistan. The study examines within-country and between-country inequality in utilizing PNC services for Bangladesh and Pakistan.

Methods
The study used the latest Demographic and Health Survey (DHS, 2017–2018) datasets of Bangladesh and Pakistan for women aged 15–49 years who had given at least one live birth in the three years preceding the survey. As outcome variables, three PNC service indicators were considered: PNC check of women, PNC check of newborns, and adequate PNC content of newborns. Concentration curves and equiplots were constructed to visually demonstrate inequality in PNC services. For ordered equity strata with more than two categories, the relative concentration index (RCI), absolute concentration index (ACI), and slope index of inequality (SII) were calculated to measure inequalities in the utilization of PNC services. For two categories equity strata, rate ratio (RR) and rate difference (RD) were calculated.

Results
In Bangladesh, the level of inequality was high and almost the same for the PNC check of women and newborns based on women’s education (PNC women- RCI: 0.404, ACI: 0.403, SII: 0.624; and PNC newborn- RCI: 0.402, ACI: 0.402, SII: 0.622), wealth (PNC women- RCI: 0.448, ACI: 0.448, SII: 0.643; and PNC newborn- 0.441, ACI: 0.441, SII: 0.633), and number of ANC visits (PNC women- RCI: 0.329, ACI: 0.329, SII: 0.595; and PNC newborn- RCI: 0.329, ACI: 0.329, SII: 0.594). In Pakistan, the level of inequality was higher for the PNC check of women among all PNC services based on women’s education (ACI: 0.388 and SII: 0.676) and wealth (ACI: 0.397 and SII: 0.598). For Bangladesh and Pakistan, RR values (2.114 and 3.873, respectively) indicated greater media exposure-related inequality in adequate PNC content of newborns. Inequality in facility delivery was highest for PNC checks of women and newborns in Bangladesh (PNC women- RD: 0.905, PNC newborn- RD: 0.900) and Pakistan (PNC women- RD: 0.726, PNC newborn-RD: 0.743).

Conclusion
Inequality was higher in Bangladesh than in Pakistan for PNC checks of women and newborns based on wealth, media exposure, and mode of delivery. For adequate PNC content of newborns, inequality was greater in Pakistan than in Bangladesh. Country-specific customized policies would better minimize the gap between the privileged and underprivileged groups and reduce inequality.
Association between social vulnerability profiles, prenatal care use and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Crequit Simon , Chatzistergiou Konstantinos , Bierry Gregory , Bouali Sakina , La Tour Adelaïde Dupre , Sgihouar Naima , Renevier Bruno 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Evaluating social vulnerability is a challenging task. Indeed, former studies demonstrated an association between geographical social deprivation indicators, administrative indicators, and poor pregnancy outcomes.

Objective
To evaluate the association between social vulnerability profiles, prenatal care use (PCU) and poor pregnancy outcomes (Preterm birth (PTB: <37 gestational weeks (GW)), small for gestational age (SGA), stillbirth, medical abortion, and late miscarriage).

Methods
Retrospective single center study between January 2020 and December 2021. A total of 7643 women who delivered a singleton after 14 GW in a tertiary care maternity unit were included. Multiple component analysis (MCA) was used to assess the associations between the following social vulnerabilities: social isolation, poor or insecure housing conditions, not work-related household income, absence of standard health insurance, recent immigration, linguistic barrier, history of violence, severe dependency, psychologic vulnerability, addictions, and psychiatric disease. Hierarchical clustering on principal component (HCPC) from the MCA was used to classify patients into similar social vulnerability profiles. Associations between social vulnerability profiles and poor pregnancy outcomes were tested using multiple logistic regression or Poisson regression when appropriate.

Results
The HCPC analysis revealed 5 different social vulnerability profiles. Profile 1 included the lowest rates of vulnerability and was used as a reference. After adjustment for maternal characteristics and medical factors, profiles 2 to 5 were independently associated with inadequate PCU (highest risk for profile 5, aOR = 3.14, 95%CI[2.33–4.18]), PTB (highest risk for profile 2, aOR = 4.64, 95%CI[3.80–5.66]) and SGA status (highest risk for profile 5, aOR = 1.60, 95%CI[1.20–2.10]). Profile 2 was the only profile associated with late miscarriage (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 7.39, 95%CI[4.17–13.19]). Profiles 2 and 4 were independently associated with stillbirth (highest association for profile 2 (aIRR = 10.9, 95%CI[6.11–19.99]) and medical abortion (highest association for profile 2 (aIRR = 12.65, 95%CI[5.96–28.49]).

Conclusions
This study unveiled 5 clinically relevant social vulnerability profiles with different risk levels of inadequate PCU and poor pregnancy outcomes. A personalized patient management according to their profile could offer better pregnancy management and reduce adverse outcomes.
Social media and mental health in students: a cross-sectional study during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Nazari Abouzar , Hosseinnia Maede , Torkian Samaneh , Garmaroudi Gholamreza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial media causes increased use and problems due to their attractions. Hence, it can affect mental health, especially in students. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the use of social media and the mental health of students.Materials and methodsThe current cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 781 university students in Lorestan province, who were selected by the Convenience Sampling method. The data was collected using a questionnaire on demographic characteristics, social media, problematic use of social media, and mental health (DASS-21). Data were analyzed in SPSS-26 software.ResultsShows that marital status, major, and household income are significantly associated with lower DASS21 scores (a lower DASS21 score means better mental health status). Also, problematic use of social media (β = 3.54, 95% CI: (3.23, 3.85)) was significantly associated with higher mental health scores (a higher DASS21 score means worse mental health status). Income and social media use (β = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.25) were significantly associated with higher DASS21 scores (a higher DASS21 score means worse mental health status). Major was significantly associated with lower DASS21 scores (a lower DASS21 score means better mental health status).ConclusionThis study indicated that social media had a direct relationship with mental health. Despite the large amount of evidence suggesting that social media harms mental health, more research is still necessary to determine the cause and how social media can be used without harmful effects.
Policy analysis of system responses to addressing and reversing the obesity trend in China: a documentary research
Authors: Xue Yan , Ruan Zhen , Ung Carolina Oi Lam , Lai Yunfeng , Hu Hao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The obesity epidemic and its established consequences on population health and the economy call for a vigorous fight against excess weight. The primary aim of this study is to investigate China’s responses to address and reverse the obesity trend by analysing the official documents and guidelines issued or coordinated by the central government through the lens of the WHO Health System Six Building Blocks.

Methods
This study is based on the method of document research. We screened the official documents obtained through the initial search on databases. The basic information of the included documents was tabulated, and the relevant content was mapped onto the analytical framework for further analysis.

Results
The screening process finally rendered 55 out of 152 official documents. The temporal distribution of these documents issued between 2003 and 2022 concentrated in the period starting 2016 until now. The State Council and its affiliated ministries were found to play an instrumental role in the efforts to tackle the obesity epidemic. The results from further analysis based on the framework revealed that the current government responses to the obesity epidemic were mainly oriented towards strengthening governance, promoting healthcare delivery to prevent obesity, and improving access to interventions. The components of financing, information system, and workforce are currently absent in the relevant documents.

Conclusions
Our analysis indicated that China’s health system has taken action in response to the unprecedented obesity prevalence in recent years. In preventing and managing obesity and overweight in the population, the government affirmed its central place in governing and coordinating different recourses. The promotion of healthcare service delivery and access to medical products and technologies have been reflected gradually in the relevant policy documents. An integrated endeavour should be made in the future from all six aspects of the health system to halt the further rise in overweight and obesity.