bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of auditor experience on stock price crash risk
Authors: Wang Liangcheng , Li Siying , Zhang Bikun , Zhang Yifan , Peng Tao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we explore whether auditor experience has an effect on stock price crash risk. Using a sample of Chinese firms, we find a negative association between auditor experience and stock price crash risk, especially in firms with high client importance. The path analysis shows that accounting information transparency plays a mediating role in the relationship between auditor experience and stock price crash risk. And the effect of auditor experience on clients' stock price crash risk is dominant when auditor tenure is short and when the firm is audited by non‐Big Four audit firms.
Surgeons' perspectives on operation report documentation
Authors: Fink Teagan , Holmes Tony , Monagle Paul , Penington Tony 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundOperation report documentation is essential for safe patient care and team communication, yet it is often imperfect. This qualitative study aims to understand surgeons' perspectives on operation report documentation, with surgeons reviewing cleft palate repair operation reports. It aims to determine how surgeons write an operation report (in narrative and synoptic report formats) and explore the consequences of incomplete documentation on patient care.MethodsA qualitative semi‐structured interview was conducted with cleft surgeons who were asked to consider operation reports and hypothetical clinical cases. Eight operation reports performed at one centre for cleft palate repair were randomly selected for review.ResultsAn operation report's purpose—patient care, complication documentation, future surgery, and research—will influence the detail documented. All cleft palate repair operation reports had important information missing. Synoptic report writing provides clearer documentation; however, narrative report writing may be a more robust communication and education tool. Surgeons described a bell‐curve response in the level of training required to document an operation report—residents knew too little, fellows documented clearly, and Consultants documented briefer reports to highlight salient points.ConclusionsAn understanding of surgeons' perspectives on operation report documentation is richer after this study. Surgeons know that clear documentation is essential for patient care and a skill that must be taught to trainees; barriers may be the documentation method. The flexibility of a hybrid operation report format is necessary for surgical care.
Nicotinamide supplementation alters plasma lipidomic profiles of peripartal dairy cows
Authors: Huang Yan , Cui Zhijie , Wei Xiaoshi , Wang Jiayu , Yao Junhu , Cai Chuanjiang , Wang Jianguo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFatty liver syndrome, a common health problem in dairy cows, occurs during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. If the energy supplied to the cow's body cannot meet its needs, a negative energy balance ensues, and the direct response is fat mobilization. Nicotinamide (NAM) has been reported to reduce the nonesterified fatty acid concentration of postpartum plasma. To study the biochemical adaptations underlying this physiologic dysregulation, 12 dairy cows were sequentially assigned to a NAM (45 g/day) treatment or control group. Blood samples were collected on day (D) 1 and D21 relative to parturition. Changes to the plasma lipid metabolism of dairy cows in the two groups were compared using lipidomics. There were significant increases in plasma sphingomyelins d18:1/18:0, d18:1/23:0, d18:1/24:1, d18:1/24:0, and d18:0/24:0 in the NAM group on D1 relative to parturition. In addition, fatty acids 18:2, 18:1, 18:0, 16:1, and 16:0 were obviously decreased on D21 relative to calving. This research has provided insights into how NAM supplementation improves lipid metabolism in perinatal dairy cows.
Focal adhesion kinase activation by calcium‐dependent calpain is involved in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cell aggressiveness
Authors: Severin Filippo , Mouawad Nayla , Ruggeri Edoardo , Visentin Andrea , Martinello Leonardo , Pagnin Elisa , Trimarco Valentina , Pravato Stefano , Angotzi Francesco , Facco Monica , Trentin Livio , Frezzato Federica 
Published: July 2023

SummarySignalling events downstream the B‐cell receptor (BCR) are central for the survival and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), regulated through calpain, interacts with molecules of BCR signalling, cytoskeletal modelling and disease progression, such as Src/Lyn, cortactin and HS1. Hypothesizing that FAK might play a key role in CLL pathogenesis, we observed a down‐modulation of FAK whole form, associated with FAK cleavage due to calpain activity upon BCR stimulation. Patients, whose cells were able to release Ca++ after BCR stimulation, had less amount of full‐length FAK, which translated into a higher presence of cleaved/activated form of the protein phosphorylated at Y397, these features being mostly shown by immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV)‐unmutated poor‐prognosis patients. Moreover, we found that cortactin and HS1 proteins were overexpressed in those cells, suggesting a possible interplay with FAK. Treatment with the FAK inhibitor Defactinib was able to induce apoptosis in CLL cells. In conclusion, the malignant phenotype in unfavourable‐prognosis patients seems to be encouraged by the overexpression of cortactin and HS1, that, together with FAK, may be involved in a druggable pathogenetic pathway in CLL.
Thyroid function test variability and cardiovascular morbidity in hyperthyroidism
Authors: Suonsyrjä Nelli , Laihia Iina , Huhtala Heini , Jaatinen Pia , Metso Saara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe variability of thyroid function tests (TFTs) during antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy and its association with adverse health outcomes have not been previously studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of TFT variability and cardiovascular morbidity during ATD therapy.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Patients and MeasurementsHyperthyroid patients (n = 394) treated with ATD therapy at Tampere University Hospital between March 2016 and December 2018 were followed up for a median time of 1.5 years (interquartile range 0.8–2.0). The coefficients of variation (CVs) of the follow‐up thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) measurements were determined. The associations of TFT variability and baseline clinical factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD) ‐associated hospital visits were assessed with logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn the multivariable analyses, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.09), male gender (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.03–5.28) and fT4‐CV (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity, whereas baseline positive thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) were associated with lower cardiovascular morbidity (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14–0.61). When the patients with baseline TRAb positivity were studied separately, fT4‐CV was associated with cardiovascular morbidity (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.05).ConclusionsDuring ATD therapy, fT4 variability is associated with an increased cardiovascular morbidity. Although positive TRAbs are associated with a lower cardiovascular morbidity compared with hyperthyroidism with negative autoantibodies, the variability of fT4 is associated with cardiovascular morbidity also in patients with positive TRAbs.
Prevalence of suspected obesity hypoventilation syndrome in Hungarian Intensive Care Units during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Baglyas Szabolcs , Valkó Luca , Donka Dániel , Fodor Gábor , Hansági Edit , Méhész István , Gál János , Lorx András 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe symptoms of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) may be present for years with concomitant progressive comorbidities, and the condition is frequently diagnosed late as a result of acute‐on‐chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Although some data exist on intensive care unit (ICU) prevalence, mortality and morbidity of OHS, little is known about the ICU mortality of these chronic respiratory failure patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional observational study in five Hungarian Intensive Care Units for 4 months during the COVID‐19 pandemic. All ICU patients were screened for OHS risk factors by treating physicians. Risk factors were defined as obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and at least one of the following: Epworth Sleepiness Score ≥ 6; symptoms of right heart failure; daytime or night‐time hypoxemia; presence of loud snoring; witnessed apnoea. We calculated prevalence, mortality and factors associated with unfavourable outcome.ResultsA total of 904 ICU patients were screened for OHS risk factors. Overall 79 (8.74 ± 5.53%) patients were reported to have met the criteria for suspected OHS with a mortality rate of 40.5%; 69% (54 patients) of the cohort displayed at least 3 symptoms related to OHS before their acute illness. COVID‐19 infection was associated with higher mortality in OHS‐suspected patients, independently of actual BMI.ConclusionDespite the increased risk of obese patients, suspected OHS did not show higher prevalence than expected during the COVID‐19 pandemic in critically ill patients. COVID‐19 infection however was a risk for mortality in these patients, independent of actual BMI.
Spatial resolution impacts projected plant responses to climate change on topographically complex islands
Authors: Patiño Jairo , Collart Flavien , Vanderpoorten Alain , Martin‐Esquivel José Luis , Naranjo‐Cigala Agustín , Mirolo Sébastien , Karger Dirk N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding how grain size affects our ability to characterize species responses to ongoing climate change is of crucial importance in the context of an increasing awareness for the substantial difference that exists between coarse spatial resolution macroclimatic data sets and the microclimate actually experienced by organisms. Climate change impacts on biodiversity are expected to peak in mountain areas, wherein the differences between macro and microclimates are precisely the largest. Based on a newly generated fine‐scale environmental data for the Canary Islands, we assessed whether data at 100 m resolution is able to provide more accurate predictions than available data at 1 km resolution. We also analysed how future climate suitability predictions of island endemic bryophytes differ depending on the grain size of grids.LocationCanary Islands.Time periodPresent (1979–2013) and late‐century (2071–2100).TaxaBryophytes.MethodsWe compared the accuracy and spatial predictions using ensemble of small models for 14 Macaronesian endemic bryophyte species. We used two climate data sets: CHELSA v1.2 (~1 km) and CanaryClim v1.0 (100 m), a downscaled version of the latter utilizing data from local weather stations. CanaryClim also encompasses future climate data from five individual model intercomparison projects for three warming shared socio‐economic pathways.ResultsSpecies distribution models generated from CHELSA and CanaryClim exhibited a similar accuracy, but CanaryClim predicted buffered warming trends in mid‐elevation ridges. CanaryClim consistently returned higher proportions of newly suitable pixels (8%–28%) than CHELSA models (0%–3%). Consequently, the proportion of species predicted to occupy pixels of uncertain suitability was higher with CHELSA (3–8 species) than with CanaryClim (0–2 species).Main conclusionsThe resolution of climate data impacted the predictions rather than the performance of species distribution models. Our results highlight the crucial role that fine‐resolution climate data sets can play in predicting the potential distribution of both microrefugia and new suitable range under warming climate.
Scents and sensibility: Best practice in insect olfactometer bioassays
Authors: Roberts Joe M. , Clunie Ben J. , Leather Simon R. , Harris W. Edwin , Pope Tom W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOlfactometers have been used for more than 100 years and are integral to experimental chemical ecology. Studies utilising olfactometer bioassays form the foundation for understanding the behavioural responses of invertebrates to chemical stimuli under standardised laboratory conditions. Widely used olfactometry apparatuses include two‐arm olfactometers for binary responses through to four‐ and six‐arm arenas to evaluate more complex behaviours. Despite its prevalence in chemical ecology studies, there has never been a review of experimental best practice in olfactometry. This review critically evaluates both olfactometry methods and applications as well as experimental design and analysis. We aim to outline a standard of good practice to improve experimental design and reporting for studies involving olfactometry, thereby establishing a reference guide to build a robust experimental workflow for olfactometry bioassays.
Heterogeneous diacylglycerol acyltransferase expression enhances lipids and PUFA in Chlorella species
Authors: Nawkarkar Prachi , Kapase Vikas U. , Chaudhary Sarika , Kajla Sachin , Kumar Shashi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlgae have been explored for renewable energy, nutraceuticals, and value‐added products. However, low lipid yield is a significant impediment to its commercial viability. Genetic engineering can improve the fatty acid profile of algae without compromising its growth. This study introduced the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (BnDGAT) gene from Brassica napus into Chlorella sorokiniana‐I, a fast‐growing and thermotolerant natural strain isolated from wastewater, which increased its intracellular lipid accumulation. Hygromycin‐resistant cells were selected, and enhanced green florescence protein fluorescence was used to distinguish pure transgenic cell lines from mixed cultures. Compared to the wild type, BnDGAT expression in transgenic C. sorokiniana‐I caused a threefold increase in non‐polar lipid and a twofold increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nile red staining reaffirmed the presence of higher intracellular lipid bodies in transgenic cells. There was a substantial alteration in the fatty acid profile of transgenic alga expressing BnDGAT. The non‐essential omega 9 (C18: 1) fatty acid decreased (5%–7% from 18%), while alpha‐linolenic acid, an essential omega 3 fatty acid (C18: 3), was increased (23%–24% from 11%). This study substantiates a valuable strategy for enhancing essential omega‐3 fatty acids and neutral lipids to improve its nutritional value for animal feed. The increased lipid productivity should reduce the cost of producing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Improved FAME quality should address the clouding issues in cold regions.
The changing face of public dispute resolution in New Zealand
Authors: Rasmussen Erling , Anderson Danaë 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew Zealand provides a unique comparative case with its well‐embedded, comprehensive and flexible public dispute resolution services. Changes from collective to individual disputes and a resulting rise in institutional caseload have occurred since 1990, culminating in increased public information, enforcement and dispute resolution efforts. However, debates exist about improving access to justice, reducing legalism and providing proactive conflict resolution.
Comparative evidence of different surgical techniques for the management of vertical alveolar ridge defects in terms of complications and efficacy: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Alotaibi Faisal F. , Rocchietta Isabella , Buti Jacopo , D'Aiuto Francesco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo systematically appraise the available evidence on vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) techniques and estimate a treatment‐based ranking on the incidence of complications as well as their clinical effectiveness.Materials and MethodsSearches were conducted in six databases to identify randomized clinical trials comparing VRA techniques up to November 2022. The incidence of complications (primary) and of early, major, surgical and intra‐operative complications, vertical bone gain (VBG), marginal bone loss, need for additional grafting, implant success/survival, and patient‐reported outcome measures (secondary) were chosen as outcomes. Direct and indirect effects and treatment ranking were estimated using Bayesian pair‐wise and network meta‐analysis (NMA) models.ResultsThirty‐two trials (761 participants and 943 defects) were included. Five NMA models involving nine treatment groups were created: onlay, inlay, dense‐polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded‐polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium, resorbable membranes, distraction osteogenesis, tissue expansion and short implants. Compared with short implants, statistically significant higher odds ratios of healing complications were confirmed for all groups except those with resorbable membranes (odds ratio 5.4, 95% credible interval 0.92–29.14). The latter group, however, ranked last in clinical VBG.ConclusionsVRA techniques achieving greater VBG are also associated with higher incidence of healing complications. Guided bone regeneration techniques using non‐resorbable membranes yield the most favourable results in relation to VBG and complications.
Migration timing and tributary use of spawning flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis)
Authors: Bonjour Sophia M. , Gido Keith B. , McKinstry Mark C. , Cathcart Charles N. , Bogaard Matthew R. , Dzul Maria , Healy Brian D. , Hooley‐Underwood Zachary E. , Rogowski David L. , Yackulic Charles B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpawning phenology and associated migrations of fishes are often regulated by factors such as temperature and stream discharge, but flow regulation of mainstem rivers coupled with climate change might disrupt these cues and affect fitness. Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) persisting in heavily modified river networks are known to spawn in tributaries that might provide better spawning habitat than neighboring mainstem rivers subject to habitat degradation (e.g., embedded sediments, altered thermal regimes, and disconnected floodplains). PIT tag data and radio telemetry were used to quantify the timing and duration of flannelmouth sucker tributary spawning migrations in relation to environmental cues in McElmo Creek, a tributary of the San Juan River in the American Southwest. We also tested the extent of the tributary migration and assessed mainstem movements prior to and after tributary migrations. Additionally, multiyear data sets of PIT detections from other tributaries in the Colorado River basin were used to quantify interannual and cross‐site variation in the timing of flannelmouth sucker spawning migrations in relation to environmental cues. The arrival and residence times of fish spawning in McElmo Creek varied among years, with earlier migration and a 3‐week increase in residence time in relatively wet years compared to drier years. Classification tree analysis suggested a combination of discharge‐ and temperature‐determined arrival timing. Of fish PIT tagged in the fall, 56% tagged within 10 km of McElmo Creek spawned in the tributary the following spring, as did 60% of radio‐tagged fish, with a decline in its use corresponding to increased distance of tagging location. A broader analysis of four tributaries in the Colorado River basin, including McElmo Creek, found photoperiod and temperature of tributary and mainstem rivers were the most important variables in determining migration timing, but tributary and mainstem discharge also aided in classification success. The largest tributary, the Little Colorado River, had more residential fish or fish that stayed for longer periods (median = 30 days), whereas McElmo Creek fish stayed an average of just 10 days in 2022. Our results generally suggest that higher discharge, across years or across sites, results in extended use of tributaries by flannelmouth suckers. Conservation actions that limit water extraction and maintain natural flow regimes in tributaries, while maintaining open connection with mainstem rivers, may benefit migratory species, including flannelmouth suckers.
Effects of temperature and nutrients on microscopic stages of the bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Weigel Brooke L. , Small Sadie L. , Berry Helen D. , Dethier Megan N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWarming ocean temperatures have been linked to kelp forest declines worldwide, and elevated temperatures can act synergistically with other local stressors to exacerbate kelp loss. The bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana is the primary canopy‐forming kelp species in the Salish Sea, where it is declining in areas with elevated summer water temperatures and low nutrient concentrations. To determine the interactive effects of these two stressors on microscopic stages of N. luetkeana, we cultured gametophytes and microscopic sporophytes from seven different Salish Sea populations across seven different temperatures (10–22°C) and two nitrogen concentrations. The thermal tolerance of microscopic gametophytes and sporophytes was similar across populations, and high temperatures were more stressful than low nitrogen levels. Additional nitrogen did not improve gametophyte or sporophyte survival at high temperatures. Gametophyte densities were highest between 10 and 16°C and declined sharply at 18°C, and temperatures of 20 and 22°C were lethal. The window for successful sporophyte production was narrower, peaking at 10–14°C. Across all populations, the warmest temperature at which sporophytes were produced was 16 or 18°C, but sporophyte densities were 78% lower at 16°C and 95% lower at 18°C compared to cooler temperatures. In the field, bottom temperatures revealed that the thermal limits of gametophyte growth (18°C) and sporophyte production (16–18°C) were reached during the summer at multiple sites. Prolonged exposure of bull kelp gametophytes to temperatures of 16°C and above could limit reproduction, and therefore recruitment, of adult kelp sporophytes.
Predatory fines and fees: Revenue, fiscal contrition, and policy change
Authors: Martin Karin D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFiscal contrition refers to the phenomenon of policy‐makers becoming aware of the social costs of fines and fees, recognizing a need to reduce those costs, and taking action to do so. In order to reveal the occurrence of fiscal contrition, this analysis examines detailed budget data from three U.S. counties. Findings indicate a dominance of predatory over punitive monetary sanctions in county budgets. That is, fines and fees that extract revenue from a justice‐involved population are more common than those with social control objectives. The analysis also reveals patterns and nuances in fine and fee usage and the revenue they produce, which illuminates pathways for reducing reliance on fine and fee revenue. This approach provides useful context for the burgeoning scholarship focused on the role of monetary sanctions in fueling social inequities.