bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the 2023 CERA Clerkship Director Survey
Authors: Kost Amanda , Moore Miranda A. , Ho Tiffany , Biggs Ray 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: CERA, the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance, is a unique collaboration between multiple family medicine organizations to conduct omnibus surveys of distinct groups within family medicine. CERA’s vision is to support excellence in family medicine educational research and improve research skills in family medicine. This paper describes the methods of the 2023 Clerkship Directory Survey and presents the demographic results of survey respondents.
Methods: CERA’s call for proposals for the annual Clerkship Directory Survey opened from January 2023 to February 2023. Five topics were selected, and authors of the selected proposals had a mentor assigned to their project. The survey was sent to Clerkship Directors via SurveyMonkey (Momentive, Inc) on May 30, 2023 and responses were collected through June 30, 2023. χ2 tests were used for descriptive analysis.
Results: The survey was initially sent to 179 potential respondents but after receiving updated clerkship information, the final pool size was 169 (163 United States, 16 Canada). Ninety-six clerkship directors completed the survey, with a response rate of 56.80% (96/169). The demographic data of potential clerkship director respondents were compared with the demographic data of actual respondents. There were no significant difference in demographic data including location, gender, race/ethnicity and underrepresented in medicine status.
Discussion: This paper describes the methods of the 2023 CERA Clerkship Directory Survey and shows that survey respondents are representative of clerkship directors. Authors of the five accepted survey topics are responsible for publishing their study findings.
Achieving Normoglycemia With Tirzepatide: Analysis of SURPASS 1–4 Trials
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Vázquez Luis , Del Prato Stefano , Franco Denise Reis , Weerakkody Govinda , Dai Biyue , Landó Laura Fernández , Bergman Brandon K. , Rodríguez Angel 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE
Tirzepatide is a novel single-molecule glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, which demonstrated unprecedented improvements in glycemic control and body weight reduction, in the SURPASS phase 3 program. In this exploratory analysis, we aimed to characterize tirzepatide-treated participants who achieved HbA1c &lt;5.7% and evaluate changes in clinical markers associated with long-term cardiometabolic health.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Baseline characteristics and change from baseline to week 40 for several efficacy and safety parameters were analyzed according to HbA1c attainment category (&lt;5.7%, 5.7–6.5%, and &gt;6.5%) using descriptive statistics in participants taking ≥75% of treatment doses, without rescue medication, in the SURPASS 1–4 trials (N = 3,229). Logistic regression models with tirzepatide doses adjusted as a covariate were used to obtain odds ratios and assess the impact of patient characteristics achieving an HbA1c &lt;5.7%.

RESULTS
Tirzepatide-treated participants who achieved HbA1c &lt;5.7% were slightly younger, with a shorter duration of diabetes and lower HbA1c value at baseline compared with those who did not achieve HbA1c &lt;5.7%. In addition, they showed greater improvements in HbA1c, body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, liver enzymes, and lipid parameters without increasing hypoglycemia risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Normoglycemia was unprecedently achieved in a significant proportion of participants in the SURPASS clinical program, without increasing hypoglycemia risk, and was associated with an overall improvement in metabolic health.
luta pelo direito
Authors: Rocha Pedro dos Santos 
Published: September 2023

Ihering leva em consideração em sua análise a paz e a luta. A primeira ideia evidente durante a leitura do texto é a ênfase dado pelo autor à necessidade da luta para alcançar algo, desde simples direitos individuais aos mais genéricos e abrangentes. Esta ideia é mantida ao longo do texto, notando-se uma clara ênfase. Para o autor, por natureza, o direito é essencialmente duplo, tendo um fim e um meio para atingi-lo. O fim seria a paz, o meio seria a luta, e para que a paz, a justiça e outros fundamentos do bem comum fossem alcançados, teria que haver uma revolução, consolidada pela luta e não pela passividade.
Optimasi Metode Penetapan Senyawa Eugenol dalam Minyak Cengkeh Menggunakan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrum dengan Variasi Suhu Injeksi
Authors: Margareta Mailinda Ayu Hana , Wonorahardjo Surjani 
Published: September 2023

Tanaman cengkeh merupakan salah satu tanaman asli yang tumbuh di Indonesia. Tanaman ini memiliki banyak manfaat, salah satunya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar minyak atsiri yaitu minyak cengkeh yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam beberapa industri. Dalam minyak cengkeh komponen utamanya adalah eugenol yang juga digunakan sebagai parameter penentuan kualitas dari minyak cengkeh. Penentuan senyawa eugenol dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode kromatografi, salah satu pengaplikasian kromatografi yaitu pada alat Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrum atau disebut GC-MS. Dalam penentuan profil eugenol menggunakan GC-MS dibutuhkan pemrograman suhu yang merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam pemisahan senyawa dengan metode kromatografi. Terkait dengan hal tersebut maka dilakukan pengembangan metode pengujian menggunakan GC-MS dalam penentuan profil senyawa eugenol dengan variasi suhu injeksi, sehingga dapat diperoleh hasil maksimal dalam penentuan eugenol menggunakan GC-MS dengan kondisi pengujian yang optimal. Dari ketiga variasi suhu injeksi untuk penentuan kadar eugenol dengan alat GC-MS, metode yang paling optimal adalah suhu injeksi 200 °C. Metode tersebut paling optimal karena menghasilkan nilai yang paling mendekati kadar sesungguhnya larutan baku eugenol yang sudah diketahui kadarnya. Metode yang paling optimal kemudian digunakan untuk penentuan kadar eugenol pada minyak cengkeh komersial dan hasil menunjukkan kadar eugenol sebesar 21% yang berarti minyak cengkeh tersebut berkualitas rendah.
Cerebrovascular Disease and Covid-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Muja Lavinia Florenta , Axelerad Any , Baz Radu Andrei , Cambrea Simona Claudia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article covers various aspects of COVID-19, also known as the new coronavirus. It is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus has rapidly spread globally and caused a pandemic. The primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets when an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes. While most people will experience mild or moderate symptoms, the disease can be severe and even fatal, especially for older adults and those with underlying health conditions. Additionally, the article discusses the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on the immune system, as well as the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and its impact on cerebrovascular disease.
Course of Tuberculosis Infections in Constanta County During 2018-2022
Authors: Stefan Nicoleta Olimpia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
During the period studied, the incidence of tuberculosis was decreasing and this fact was due to the Covid-19 pandemic which caused authorities to focus on this public health emergency. In the last year studied, there is a slight upward trend in tuberculosis incidence rate. Patients diagnosed with tuberculosis during this period are extremely severe, contagious patients with minimal life chances.
Variations in Otolith and Scale Shape of the Invasive Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus Populations from Different Habitats of the Sava River Basin, Croatia
Authors: Planchet Valentine , Špelić Ivan , Piria Marina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Round goby Neogobius melanostomus is one of the three invasive Ponto-Caspian gobies found in the Sava River basin in Croatia. It has a negative effect on the native ecosystems due to its high invasive potential that enables its rapid spread upstream in inland watercourses. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in sagittal otolith and scale shape of the frontal and established populations of N. melanostomus in two different habitat types. At two sampling sites in the main course of the Sava (Babina Greda, Slavonski Brod) and in a modified habitat (Sava-Odra canal), 20 individuals of N. melanostomus were collected and analysed. The geometric morphometric method was used together with Procrustes analysis of variance, canonical variate analysis and discriminant function analysis to analyse the otolith and scale shape. Significant differences in both otolith and scale shapes were found between settled (Babina Greda) and frontal (Slavonski Brod) populations from the main course of the Sava River. The main differences were the wider anterior part of the scales and a more pronounced open indentation on the otolith of the Babina Greda population. The settled population in the Sava-Odra canal was significantly different in otolith shape from the Babina Greda population but not from the Slavonski Brod population, suggesting that the upstream migration consisted of individuals with specific phenotype and genotype. Otoliths generally expressed greater shape variability than scales and thus may be more useful for differentiating between closely related populations on a finer scale. The results of this study suggest that the shape of otoliths and scales can be used to distinguish between closely related populations of N. melanostomus from different habitats but more comprehensive studies are needed due to the small number of samples.
Water Quality Fluctuations in Shrimp Ponds During Dry and Rainy Seasons
Authors: Ariadi Heri , Azril Muh. , Mujtahidah Tholibah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Season and water quality are essential indicators in the life cycle of pond ecosystems. The season is a natural factor affecting the level of water quality dynamics in shrimp cultivation in ponds. This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of differences in water quality parameters in intensive Litopenaeus vannamei ponds during dry and rainy seasons. This current study applied an ex post facto causal design based on actual field conditions. During the rainy season, water quality parameters tended to fluctuate dynamically, with the parameters of phosphate (PO4), nitrite (NO2), and total organic matter (TOM) exceeding the threshold value of water quality standards for aquaculture, with a PO4 value of 0.734 mg/L, a NO2 of 0.180 mg/L, and a TOM of 101.29 mg/L. In the dry season, water quality parameters remained stable, with only the phosphate parameter showing a value above the water quality standard threshold of 0.633 mg/L. Based on the trend of fluctuations in the two seasons, a model of equation Y = 3.979 + 0.814x was made with a significance value <α (0.05), which means that the two seasons positively correlated with the impact on fluctuations of water quality in the ponds. The results of the dynamic modelling analysis showed contradictions in water quality and nutrients during rainy and dry seasons. Water quality parameters in intensive L. vannamei cultivation during dry and rainy seasons fluctuated dynamically and differed according to the type of weather conditions and the current season.
Methodologies for Measuring Mobility in Covid-19 Research
Authors: Zsigó Zsanett 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Subject and purpose of the work:
The subject of this paper is the mobility research in Europe focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, and the aim is to give a comparative overview on the used methods and datasets of the literature and identify research gaps.

Materials and methods:
The method is based on the methodological literature review method.
The source of the reviewed literature is the EBSCO online database.

Results:
The literature based on the analysed territorial level can be classified. Results show the levels of research are city, national and complex levels. Most research is based on secondary data. Spatial indicators are relevant at a national level. Research gaps have been found in terms of time and space.

Conclusions:
The existing literature based on the analysed territorial level can be classified. Results show there are 3 levels of research; city, national and complex levels, and most research is based on secondary data, primary data collection is relevant only on a city level. Spatial indicators are common on a national level. Research gaps have been found in terms of time and space.
Analysis of Women’s Economic Engagement in the Agricultural Economy and Factor Affecting it: A Case Study of Fatehabad District of Haryana State
Authors: Kaliravna Varsha Rani , Godrara Abhey Singh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Subject and purpose of work:
The study analysed women’s contribution to agricultural activities in small, medium and large farm sizes and also examined the socio-economic factors that affect women’s participation in the agricultural sector.

Materials and methods:
The study is entirely based on primary data collected from a field survey with the help of a pre-structured questionnaire. A simple tabulated method and multiple regression method has been employed to make conclusions.

Results:
The study has revealed that the participation of women in the agricultural sector is the highest in the small and medium farm size and selected socio-economic variables explain the 85.4% association with women’s participation in the selected area.

Conclusions:
The study concluded that employment-wise participation of the respondent’s decreases with the increase in farm size and the relationship between women’s participation and farm size, family income and education is statistically significant.
Econometric VAR Analysis of the Effect of the Foreign Exchange Reserves on Macroeconomic Variables in Emerging Countries: The Case of BRIC Countries
Authors: Krušković Borivoje D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper analyses the effects of the foreign exchange reserves accumulation on the key nominal and real macroeconomic variables (GDP, employment, prices and exchange rates) in BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China). VAR model was used to empirically examine the effect of accumulation of foreign exchange reserves on macroeconomic variables. The empirical results in this paper show that after the initial shock of foreign exchange reserves, the exchange rate appreciation occurs, which can be explained by the fact that a higher level of foreign exchange reserves gives investors and rating agencies a lower risk of the country, which can consequently lead to appreciation of the foreign exchange rate. In this way, the price reaction would be neutralized. Consequently, the growth of foreign exchange reserves leads to the growth of economic activity measured by GDP growth.
The Monument that is Epistemology a Proposition for Atheists and Theists as Elucidations of Epistemology in Religion and Theology
Authors: Van Rooyen Johan A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For scholars that are working with epistemology and the importance thereof within the context of the ongoing bickering (fighting/mudslinging) between theist and atheists, or rather between rationality and irrationality of epistemology in theology and religion, may come to view epistemology of religion and theology as a monument from where a better belief system (as an incentive) can have a better effect on the current faith systems. Therefore, the Judeo-Christian-Islamic language games should be able to form this massive, sovereign metaphysical game. This affirmation should follow the historical fact of any metaphysical promise so that such a religious custom, should suggest that not only the Judo-Christian-Islamic language games, yet, all relevant creative queries should also be evaluated as components of the single game, with a solitary position of a decree and therefore all seven headings used in this article are relevant. The author is in a short discussion with Peter Forrest regarding his article Epistemology of Religion (2021) in establishing a positive outlook on how different views on the epistemology of religion and theology may surpass scholars which can expand and then better the current integrity-base epistemology of theology and religions.

Intra/interdisciplinary methodology

This affirmation, therefore, focuses on queries such as, ‘is it epistemologically sustainable for sapiens to believe in a God’? Is it epistemologically sustainable for sapiens to believe in the Trinity? Or ‘is it epistemologically sustainable that sapiens can be an embodiment of a Deity’? It overlooks such queries as if this belief estimates a consciousness that is empirical and therefore scientific.
Moreover, this affirmation also tries to understand the bickering amongst rational idealists and mystics from the context of post-foundationalism who want to explain that faith or belief is not intended and thus it is not a planned commodity, rather it is an epistemological evolutionary process. Notwithstanding that this has a connection to the epistemology of theology and religion they are also the predominant subject matters in natural epistemology. This brings me to the introduction of this article where the purpose is elucidated.
Aizuchi Sebagai Penanda Penyangkalan pada Film Hotaru No Hoka
Authors: Putra Gema Sukana , Dian Andriyani Anak Agung Ayu , Debora Aritonang Betty 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini membahas aizuchi sebagai penanda penyangkalan pada dialog antar tokoh dalam film Hotaru No Haka. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kajian sosiolingustik Chaer dan teori aizuchi dari Horiguchi dan Sakamoto. Metode dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode simak catat, yaitu dengan menyimak objek berupa dialog yang menggunakan aizuchi sebagai penanda penyangakalan pada film Hotaru No Haka. Setelah itu mencatat kata atau kalimat yang terdapat pada objek penelitian. Metode untuk digunakan untuk menganalisis data yaitu, metode analisis kualitatif. Metode dan teknik penyajian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode informal. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini terdapat empat aizuchi yang termasuk termasuk sebagai penanda penyangkalan atas tuturan terhadap penutur atau respon yang diberikan untuk tidak menyetujui isi tuturan dalam percakapan, yaitu. Pertama aizuchi “iie” dialog yang dilakukan oleh tokoh Seita dengan Setsuko. Kedua aizuchi “yo” merupakan dialog yang dilakukan oleh Bibi dengan Seita. Ketiga aizuchi “deshou” merupakan dialog yang dilakukan oleh Setsuko dengan Bibi. Keempat aizuchi “maa” yang merupakan dialog antara Dokter dengan Seita.
Herding Behaviour in Investors: A Study of Tadawul Financial Market
Authors: Yafouz Marwan , Yet Chu Ei 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The study investigates herding behaviour in the Tadawul stock exchange based on daily data between the years 1999 to 2019 .

Theoretical framework: Existence of uncertain situations affect the confidence level of the investor. This leads to investors changing their approach from rational to behavioural wherein they prefer to follow the judgements of others, thus engaging in herding behaviour. Several factors such as institutional investment, external factors and fundamental factors impact herding behaviour.

Methodology: The study uses OLS regression approach and accounts for the various factors such as institutional investment (percentage ownership in a stock, institutional ownership type, nationality) , external factors (global financial crisis, political instability, oil market volatility) and fundamental factors (P/E ratio, Share Turnover, Market Capitalization, Market Liquidity).

Findings: The empirical results indicate that herding is not present during the period of study. External factors and fundamental factors do not significantly impact the Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD) and there is no evidence of herding when accounting for these variables. However, CSAD is significantly impacted with the percentage of institutional investment, ownership and the nationality of institutional investors and there is evidence of herding when accounting for these variables.

Research Implications: As further scope the study proposes that the length of the time period may affect the findings and more robust analysis can be conducted by structural break models to understand the relative significance of the factors that may lead to herding during different time periods.

Originality: Institutional investment related factors have a significant impact on Herding behaviour of investors in the Tadawul stock exchange.
Settlement Control Technology of High Filled Soil-Rock Embankment in Alpine and High-Altitude Areas
Authors: Wu Guangxi 
Published: September 2023

China's infrastructure has gradually achieved large-scale development, and transportation construction has also shifted from east to west, transitioning from plains to mountainous areas. High-fill embankments of different sizes in mountainous areas are unavoidable, and the settlement of high-fill embankments is usually the most concerned issue in high-fill projects. According to the current research results of highway projects, most of the high embankments in mountainous areas are soil-rock mixed embankments or rock-filled embankments, and their post-construction settlements are directly related to construction technology and filler types. The problems existing in the settlement control of earth-filled embankment and related influencing factors are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the settlement control technology of high-fill embankment in high-cold and high-altitude areas is also discussed, so as to ensure the overall quality of high-fill embankment.
Prevention of Terrorism with a Regulatory Model of Violent-Based Extremism that Leads to Terrorism
Authors: Mafazi Agung , Sudarmanto Hery Lilik , Widayati Satriyani Cahyo , Hanum Fauziah 
Published: September 2023

Among the reasons behind the occurrence of criminal acts of terrorism is the existence of radical terrorism, which can then develop into violent-based extremism that ends in terrorism. Understanding beyond the limits of normal based on the justification of acts of violence or threats of violence to support the occurrence of criminal acts of terrorism is referred to as acts of violence-based extremism that lead to terrorism. This is under the definition of violence-based extremism that leads to terrorism in article 1 point 2 of the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2021 concerning the National Action Plan for the Prevention and Mitigation of Violent-Based Extremism Leading to Terrorism 2020-2024, which states that “Violent-Based Extremism Leading to Terrorism are beliefs or actions that use violence or threats of extreme violence intending to support or commit acts of terrorism. The beliefs or actions of these people or groups of people then receive the attention of the State so that efforts can be made to prevent the development of beliefs or actions aimed at supporting terrorism into crimes that can threaten the stability of state security, namely terrorism.How to cite item: Mafazi, Agung, Hery Lilik Sudarmanto, Satriyani Cahyo Widayati, and Fauziah Hanum. “Prevention of Terrorism with a Regulatory Model of Violent-Based Extremism that Leads to Terrorism.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 14 no. 2 (2023): 126-133. DOI: doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v14i2.10814.