bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular Reprocessing of Thermoset Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Kim Subeen , Li Kelvin , Alsbaiee Alaaeddin , Brutman Jacob P. , Dichtel William R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermoset polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used in industrial applications, but they cannot be recycled by conventional melt reprocessing because of their cross‐linked structures. The introduction of carbamate exchange catalysts converts thermoset PU into covalent adaptable networks (CANs), which are amenable to reprocessing at elevated temperatures. However, this approach has produced solid PU films, which have fewer uses and lower commercial demand. In this work, simultaneous reprocessing and refoaming of thermoset PU foams is demonstrated by leveraging the melt‐processability of PU CANs and allowing cell growth by gas generation in a twin‐screw extruder. The optimal operating temperature of the refoaming process is determined through chemical, thermal, and structural analysis of PU foam extrudates. The foam‐to‐foam extrusion process produces controllable, continuous, and uniform foam structures, as characterized by cell diameter and cell number density. Low‐density PU foams are obtained through a process simulating injection molding. The compression properties of reprocessed PU foam are compared with as‐synthesized PU foam to demonstrate efficacy of the refoaming processes. These results demonstrate that PU foams can be prepared through recycling while maintaining microstructural and chemical integrity. In the future, this strategy may be applied to thermoset PU foams of various chemical compositions and shows promise for scalability.
2D‐Layer‐Structure Bi to Quasi‐1D‐Structure NiBi3: Structural Dimensionality Reduction to Superior Sodium and Potassium Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Guoping , Sun Zhipeng , Shi Xiaoyan , Wang Xinying , Shao Lianyi , Liang Yaohua , Lu Xiaoyi , Liu Jianwen , Guo Zaiping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLayer‐structured bismuth (Bi) is an attractive anode for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries due to its large volumetric capacity and suitable redox potentials. However, the cycling stability and rate capability of the Bi anode are restricted by the large volume expansion and sluggish Na/K‐storage kinetics. Herein, a structural dimensionality reduction strategy is proposed and developed by converting 2D‐layer‐structured Bi into a quasi‐1D structured NiBi3 with enhanced reaction kinetics and reversibility to realize high‐rate and stable cycling performance for Na/K‐ion storage. As a proof of concept, the quasi‐1D intermetallic NiBi3 with low formation energy, metallic conductivity, and 3D Na/K‐ion diffusion pathways delivers outstanding capacity retention of 94.1% (332 mAh g−1) after 15 000 cycles for Na‐ion storage, and high initial coulombic efficiency of 93.4% with improved capacity retention for K‐ion storage. Moreover, investigations on the highly reversible Na/K‐storage reaction mechanisms and cycling‐driven morphology reconstruction further reveal the origins of the high reversibility and the accommodation to volume expansion. The finding of this work provides a new strategy for high‐performance anode design by structural dimensionality manipulation and cycling‐driven morphology reconstruction.
Restraining Interfacial Cu2+ by using Amorphous SnO2 as Sacrificial Protection Boosts CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Jia Binbin , Li Lidong , Xue Chuang , Kang Jianxin , Liu Li‐min , Guo Tianqi , Wang Zhongchang , Huang Qizheng , Guo Shaojun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to formate is of great interest in the field of electrochemical energy. Cu‐based material is an appealing electrocatalyst for the CO2RR. However, retaining Cu2+ under the high cathodic potential of CO2RR remains a great challenge, leading to low electrocatalytic selectivity, activity, and stability. Herein, inspired by corrosion science, a sacrificial protection strategy to stabilize interfacial crystalline CuO through embedding of active amorphous SnO2 (c‐CuO/a‐SnO2) is reported, which greatly boosts the electrocatalytic sensitivity, activity, and stability for CO2RR to formate. The as‐made hybrid catalyst can achieve superior high selectivity for CO2RR to formate with a remarkable Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 96.7%, and a superhigh current density of over 1 A cm−2 that far outperforms industrial benchmarks (FE > 90%, current density > 300 mA cm−2). In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray diffractionexperimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the broadened s‐orbital in interfacial a‐SnO2 offers the lower orbital for extra electrons than Cu2+, which can effectively retain nearby Cu2+, and the high active interface significantly lowers the energy barrier of the limited step (*CO2 → *HCOO) and enhances the selectivity and activity for CO2RR to formate.
Highly Efficient Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Mixed‐Cation Surface Modulation
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Dong , Liu Baoze , Wu Xin , Jiang Xiaofen , Zhang Shoufeng , Wang Yan , Gao Danpeng , Wang Lina , Wang Haolin , Huang Zongming , Xie Xiangfan , Chen Tao , Xiao Zhengguo , He Qiyuan , Xiao Shuang , Zhu Zonglong , Yang Shangfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPerovskite/organic tandem solar cells (POTSCs) are gaining attention due to their easy fabrication, potential to surpass the S‐Q limit, and superior flexibility. However, the low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of wide bandgap (Eg) perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have hindered their development. This work presents a novel and effective mixed‐cation passivation strategy (CE) to passivate various types of traps in wide‐Eg perovskite. The complementary effect of 4‐trifluoro phenethylammonium (CF3‐PEA+, denoted as CA+) and ethylenediammonium (EDA2+, denoted as EA2+) reduces both electron/hole defect densities and non‐radiative recombination rate, resulting in a record open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of wide‐Eg PVSCs (1.35 V) and a high fill factor (FF) of 83.29%. These improvements lead to a record PCE of 24.47% when applied to fabricated POTSCs, the highest PCE to date. Furthermore, unencapsulated POTSCs exhibit excellent photo and thermal stability, retaining over 90% of their initial PCE after maximum power point (MPP) tracking or exposure to 60 °C for 500 h. These findings imply that the synergic effect of surface passivators is a promising strategy to achieve high‐efficiency and stable wide‐Eg PVSCs and corresponding POTSCs.
Push–Pull Heptamethines Near the Cyanine Limit Exhibiting Large Quadratic Electro‐Optic Effect
Authors: Chen Weilong , Liu Taili , Zou Jie , Zhang Di , Tse Man Kit , Tsang Sai‐Wing , Luo Jingdong , Jen Alex K‐Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHarnessing the quadratic electro‐optic (QEO) of near‐infrared polymethine chromophores over broad telecom wavelength bands is a subject of immense potential but remains largely under‐investigated. Herein a series of push–pull heptamethines containing the tricyanofuran (TCF) acceptors and indoline or benzo[e]indoline donors are reported. These dipolar chromophores can attain a highly delocalized “cyanine‐like” electronic ground state in solvents spanning a wide range of polarities, in some cases even closer to the ideal polymethine state than symmetrical cyanines. A transmission‐mode electromodulation spectroscopy is used to study the electric‐field‐induced changes in optical absorption and refraction of polymer films doped with heptamethine chromophores, and large and thermally stable QEO effect with high efficiency‐loss figure‐of‐merits that compare favorably to those from dipolar polyenes in poled or unpoled polymers and III‐V semiconductors is obtained. The study opens a path for developing organic materials based on cyanine‐like merocyanines for complementary metal oxide semiconductor ‐compatible, fast, efficient, and low‐loss electro‐optic modulation.
Customized Microenvironments Spontaneously Facilitate Coupled Engineering of Real‐Life Large‐Scale Clean Water Capture and Pollution Remediation
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Sun Mingyuzhi , Liu Changle , Ye Yuchuan , Chen Mengshan , Zhao Zhemeng , Zhang Yongcai , Wu Xiaohu , Wang Kaiwen , Zhou Yingtang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHarnessing abundant renewable resources and pollutants on a large scale to address environmental challenges, while providing sustainable freshwater, is a significant endeavour. This study presents the design of fully functional solar vaporization devices (SVD) based on organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites (CCMs‐x). These devices exhibit efficient photothermal properties that facilitate multitargeted interfacial reactions, enabling simultaneous catalysis of sewage and desalination. The localized interfacial heating generated by the photothermal effect of CCMs‐x triggers surface‐dominated catalysis and steam generation. The CCMs‐x SVD achieves a solar water‐vapor generation rate of 1.41 kg m−2 h−1 (90.8%), and it achieves over 95% removal of pollutants within 60 min under one‐sun for practical application. The exceptional photothermal conversion rate of wastewater for environmental remediation and water capture is attributed to customized microenvironments within the system. The integrated parallel reaction system in SVD ensures it is a real‐life application in multiple scenarios such as municipal/medical wastewater and brine containing high concentrations. Additionally, the SVD exhibits long‐term durability, antifouling functionality toward complex ionic contaminants. This study not only demonstrates a one‐stone–two‐birds strategy for large‐scale direct production of potable water from polluted seawater, but also opens up exciting possibilities for parallel production of energy and water resources.
Progress and Application Perspectives of Voltage‐Controlled Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Shao Yixin , Khalili Amiri Pedram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the current state of development, open research opportunities, and application perspectives of electric‐field‐controlled magnetic tunnel junctions that use the voltage‐controlled magnetic anisotropy effect to control their magnetization. The integration of embedded magnetic random‐access memory (MRAM) into mainstream semiconductor foundry manufacturing opens new possibilities for the development of energy‐efficient, high‐performance, and intelligent computing systems. The current generation of MRAM, which uses the current‐controlled spin‐transfer torque (STT) effect to write information, has gained traction due to its nonvolatile data retention and lower integration cost compared to embedded Flash. However, scaling MRAM to high bit densities will likely require a transition from current‐controlled to voltage‐controlled operation. In this perspective, an overview of voltage‐controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) as a promising beyond‐STT write mechanism for MRAM devices is provided and recent advancements in developing VCMA‐MRAM devices with perpendicular magnetization are highlighted. Starting from the fundamental mechanisms, the key remaining challenges of VCMA‐MRAM, such as increasing the VCMA coefficient, controlling the write error rate, and achieving field‐free VCMA switching are discussed. Then potential solutions are discussed and open research questions are highlighted. Lastly, prospective applications of voltage‐controlled magnetic tunnel junctions (VC‐MTJs) in security applications, extending beyond their traditional role as memory devices are explored.
Multicolored Displays with Selective Visible‐Infrared Spectral Modulation for Optical Information Transmission
Authors: Song Shanshan , Hao Tingting , Wang Bo , Liu Dongqi , Ren Zichen , zhang Yike , Liu Wenchao , Zhang Leipeng , Li Yao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) can achieve reversible optical modulation in visible and infrared (IR) bands under the action of voltage. However, PANI‐based electrochromic devices cannot cope with the dual detection of visible and IR light to realize the transmission of information due to the linkage restriction between the spectral modulation in the visible and IR region. Here, IR low‐absorptive inorganic pigments as colorants and IR high‐transparent polymer as a binder are utilized to prepare colored films with high transparency. A camouflage layer against visible light detection is constructed on the surface of IR electrochromic devices, and the information transmission is realized in the IR band by controlling the thermal radiation characteristics. Furthermore, thermochromic microcapsules (TMs) that change color under external thermal stimuli are introduced to fabricate a thermochromic and IR transparent functional layer, which is attached to the surface of IR electrochromic devices and endows the devices with separate spectral modulation ability in the visible and IR region. Multicolored displays are fabricated by arraying various devices. Moreover, visual patterns are prepared on the surface of IR electrochromic devices by dispensing technology. This configuration endows the device with a promising potential for anti‐counterfeiting, optical security, and related applications.
Gold‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Reaction of Nitriles with Quinoline N‐Oxides
Authors: Wu Jiawen , Xia Zhonghua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA method for the redox‐neutral reaction of nitriles with quinoline N‐oxides via gold catalysis is described. This transformation features a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. A series of C2‐amidated quinolines were synthesized in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies suggested that the oxidative gold catalysis of nitriles might be initiated by the σ‐coordination of the gold catalyst with the N atom on nitrile, then the coordinated gold‐nitrile intermediate is captured and oxidized by quinoline N‐oxides.
Integrated Human Skin Bacteria Genome Catalog Reveals Extensive Unexplored Habitat‐Specific Microbiome Diversity and Function
Authors: Li Zhiming , Ju Yanmei , Xia Jingjing , Zhang Zhe , Zhen Hefu , Tong Xin , Sun Yuzhe , Lu Haorong , Zong Yang , Chen Peishan , Cai Kaiye , Wang Zhen , Yang Huanming , Wang Jiucun , Wang Jian , Hou Yong , Jin Xin , Zhang Tao , Zhang Wenwei , Xu Xun , Xiao Liang , Guo Ruijin , Nie Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe skin is the largest organ in the human body. Various skin environments on its surface constitutes a complex ecosystem. One of the characteristics of the skin micro‐ecosystem is low biomass, which greatly limits a comprehensive identification of the microbial species through sequencing. In this study, deep‐shotgun sequencing (average 21.5 Gigabyte (Gb)) from 450 facial samples and publicly available skin metagenomic datasets of 2069 samples to assemble a Unified Human Skin Genome (UHSG) catalog is integrated. The UHSG encompasses 813 prokaryotic species derived from 5779 metagenome‐assembled genomes, among which 470 are novel species covering 20 phyla with 1385 novel assembled genomes. Based on the UHSG, the core functions of the skin microbiome are described and the differences in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and drug resistance functions among different phyla are identified. Furthermore, analysis of secondary metabolites of the near‐complete genomes further find 1220 putative novel secondary metabolites, several of which are found in previously unknown genomes. Single nucleotide variant (SNV) reveals a possible skin protection mechanism: the negative selection process of the skin environment to conditional pathogens. UHSG offers a convenient reference database that will facilitate a more in‐depth understanding of the role of skin microorganisms in the skin.
Hippo Pathway Activation in Aged Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contributes to the Dysregulation of Hepatic Inflammation in Aged Mice
Authors: Yang Xue , Zong Chen , Feng Chao , Zhang Cangang , Smirnov Artem , Sun Gangqi , Shao Changchun , Zhang Luyao , Hou Xiaojuan , Liu Wenting , Meng Yan , Zhang Liying , Shao Changshun , Wei Lixin , Melino Gerry , Shi Yufang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAging is always accompanied by chronic diseases which probably attribute to long‐term chronic inflammation in the aging body. Whereas, the mechanism of chronic inflammation in aging body is still obscure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of local chemotaxis to sites of inflammation and play a powerful role in immune regulation. Whether degeneration of MSCs in the aging body is associated with unbalanced inflammation is still not clear. In this study, immunosuppressive properties of aged MSCs are found to be repressed. The impaired immunosuppressive function of aged MSCs is associated with lower expression of the Hippo effector Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) and its target gene signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). YAP1 regulates the transcription of STAT1 through binding with its promoter. In conclusion, a novel YAP1/STAT1 axis maintaining immunosuppressive function of MSCs is revealed and impairment of this signal pathway in aged MSCs probably resulted in higher inflammation in aged mice liver.
The Histone Chaperones SET/TAF‐1β and NPM1 Exhibit Conserved Functionality in Nucleosome Remodeling and Histone Eviction in a Cytochrome c‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Buzón Pedro , Velázquez‐Cruz Alejandro , Corrales‐Guerrero Laura , Díaz‐Quintana Antonio , Díaz‐Moreno Irene , Roos Wouter H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChromatin homeostasis mediates essential processes in eukaryotes, where histone chaperones have emerged as major regulatory factors during DNA replication, repair, and transcription. The dynamic nature of these processes, however, has severely impeded their characterization at the molecular level. Here, fluorescence optical tweezers are applied to follow histone chaperone dynamics in real time. The molecular action of SET/template‐activating factor‐Iβ and nucleophosmin 1—representing the two most common histone chaperone folds—are examined using both nucleosomes and isolated histones. It is shown that these chaperones present binding specificity for fully dismantled nucleosomes and are able to recognize and disrupt non‐native histone‐DNA interactions. Furthermore, the histone eviction process and its modulation by cytochrome c are scrutinized. This approach shows that despite the different structures of these chaperones, they present conserved modes of action mediating nucleosome remodeling.
Design Strategies for Anodes and Interfaces Toward Practical Solid‐State Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yoon Gabin , Kim Sewon , Kim Ju‐Sik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolid‐state Li–metal batteries (based on solid‐state electrolytes) offer excellent safety and exhibit high potential to overcome the energy‐density limitations of current Li–ion batteries, making them suitable candidates for the rapidly developing fields of electric vehicles and energy‐storage systems. However, establishing close solid–solid contact is challenging, and Li‐dendrite formation in solid‐state electrolytes at high current densities causes fatal technical problems (due to high interfacial resistance and short‐circuit failure). The Li metal/solid electrolyte interfacial properties significantly influence the kinetics of Li–metal batteries and short‐circuit formation. This review discusses various strategies for introducing anode interlayers, from the perspective of reducing the interfacial resistance and preventing short‐circuit formation. In addition, 3D anode structural‐design strategies are discussed to alleviate the stress caused by volume changes during charging and discharging. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive anode/electrolyte interface control and anode design strategies that reduce the interfacial resistance, hinder short‐circuit formation, and facilitate stress relief for developing Li–metal batteries with commercial‐level performance.
Integration of Single‐Atom Catalyst with Z‐Scheme Heterojunction for Cascade Charge Transfer Enabling Highly Efficient Piezo‐Photocatalysis
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Zhu Hui , Yang Jing , Low Beverly Qian Ling , Wu Wen‐Ya , Chen Mingxi , Ma Jun , Long Ran , Low Jingxiang , Zhu Houjuan , Heng Jerry Zhi Xiong , Tang Karen Yuanting , Chai Casandra Hui Teng , Lin Ming , Zhu Qiang , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Chi Dongzhi , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun , Xiong Yujie , Ye Enyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPiezo‐assisted photocatalysis (namely, piezo‐photocatalysis), which utilizes mechanical energy to modulate spatial and energy distribution of photogenerated charge carriers, presents a promising strategy for molecule activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation toward applications such as environmental remediation. However, similarly to photocatalysis, piezo‐photocatalysis also suffers from inferior charge separation and utilization efficiency. Herein, a Z‐scheme heterojunction composed of single Ag atoms‐anchored polymeric carbon nitride (Ag‐PCN) and SnO2−x is developed for efficient charge carrier transfer/separation both within the catalyst and between the catalyst and surface oxygen molecules (O2). As revealed by charge dynamics analysis and theoretical simulations, the synergy between the single Ag atoms and the Z‐scheme heterojunction initiates a cascade electron transfer from SnO2−x to Ag‐PCN and then to O2 adsorbed on Ag. With ultrasound irradiation, the polarization field generated within the piezoelectric hybrid further accelerates charge transfer and regulates the O2 activation pathway. As a result, the Ag‐PCN/SnO2−x catalyst efficiently activates O2 into ·O2−, ·OH, and H2O2 under co‐excitation of visible light and ultrasound, which are consequently utilized to trigger aerobic degradation of refractory antibiotic pollutants. This work provides a promising strategy to maneuver charge transfer dynamics for efficient piezo‐photocatalysis by integrating single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with Z‐scheme heterojunction.
Clean Production of Hydrogen Peroxide: A Heterogeneous Solar‐Driven Redox Process
Authors: Qu Songying , Wu Hao , Ng Yun Hau 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogen peroxide is an essential chemical that is attracting strong attention for energy and environmental applications. However, the struggle between the growing market demand and the unsustainability of the conventional anthraquinone method motivates the exploration of alternative H2O2 production processes. Although several new production processes have been proposed, the environmental‐friendly solar‐driven H2O2 production attracts most attention because of the only inputs of water, oxygen, and light energy. The rational design of functional photo‐responsive catalysts promotes H2O2 production in the photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic approaches. These are, in general, achieved by facilitating the preferential adsorption of key intermediates of OOH*/OH*/O*, enhancing the light absorption, promoting the charge separation, and accelerating the surface charge transfer with selective number of involved charges. This review systematically summarizes strategies for photo(electro)catalysts toward H2O2 production via both the water oxidation and oxygen reduction pathways. Though the oxygen reduction route is perceived as more popular in the community, selective water oxidation is emerging as a convincing alternative. Furthermore, prevailing hypotheses, state‐of‐the‐art catalysts, critical challenges, and perspectives are discussed in depth. This review aims to enhance the comprehension of this research field and promote interest in sustainable H2O2 production.