bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐Learning‐Based Contrast Synthesis From MRF Parameter Maps in the Knee Joint
Authors: Nykänen Olli , Nevalainen Mika , Casula Victor , Isosalo Antti , Inkinen Satu I. , Nikki Marko , Lattanzi Riccardo , Cloos Martijn A. , Nissi Mikko J. , Nieminen Miika T. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMagnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a method to speed up acquisition of quantitative MRI data. However, MRF does not usually produce contrast‐weighted images that are required by radiologists, limiting reachable total scan time improvement. Contrast synthesis from MRF could significantly decrease the imaging time.PurposeTo improve clinical utility of MRF by synthesizing contrast‐weighted MR images from the quantitative data provided by MRF, using U‐nets that were trained for the synthesis task utilizing L1‐ and perceptual loss functions, and their combinations.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationKnee joint MRI data from 184 subjects from Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (ages 33–35, gender distribution not available).Field Strength and SequenceA 3 T, multislice‐MRF, proton density (PD)‐weighted 3D‐SPACE (sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution), fat‐saturated T2‐weighted 3D‐space, water‐excited double echo steady state (DESS).AssessmentData were divided into training, validation, test, and radiologist's assessment sets in the following way: 136 subjects to training, 3 for validation, 3 for testing, and 42 for radiologist's assessment. The synthetic and target images were evaluated using 5‐point Likert scale by two musculoskeletal radiologists blinded and with quantitative error metrics.Statistical TestsFriedman's test accompanied with post hoc Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and intraclass correlation coefficient. The statistical cutoff P <0.05 adjusted by Bonferroni correction as necessary was utilized.ResultsThe networks trained in the study could synthesize conventional images with high image quality (Likert scores 3–4 on a 5‐point scale). Qualitatively, the best synthetic images were produced with combination of L1‐ and perceptual loss functions and perceptual loss alone, while L1‐loss alone led to significantly poorer image quality (Likert scores below 3). The interreader and intrareader agreement were high (0.80 and 0.92, respectively) and significant. However, quantitative image quality metrics indicated best performance for the pure L1‐loss.Data ConclusionSynthesizing high‐quality contrast‐weighted images from MRF data using deep learning is feasible. However, more studies are needed to validate the diagnostic accuracy of these synthetic images.Evidence Level4.Technical EfficacyStage 1.
Identification of histidine‐Ni (II) metal complex by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Pál Petra , Veres Miklós , Holomb Roman , Szalóki Melinda , Szöllősi Attila Gábor , Csarnovics Istvan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal ions such as nickel have a strong binding affinity to amino acids and form metal complexes of different geometry. This complex formation is influenced by many factors among others the kind of reactants and their relative concentrations, pH, and its effect on the net charge of the amino acid molecule. In this work, the formation of the histidine‐nickel (II) complex in different conditions was examined by Raman spectroscopy. In addition to the experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations on histidine‐nickel complexes were performed in order to elucidate the complex formation mechanism and optimal geometry of the structures as well as to investigate their vibrational properties. The Raman measurements showed double peaks at 1272 and 1297 cm−1, and triple peaks at 1322, 1336, and 1355 cm−1 that belong to the metal complex. The geometry optimizations and total energy calculations of His‐Ni (II) complex revealed that the octahedral geometry and the triplet spin state of Ni ion is the energetically favorable structure. This metal complex is formed through the nitrogen atom of the imidazole side chain, the nitrogen atom of the terminal amino group, and the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group. Experiments with pH revealed that the alkaline pH favors while the change of the concentration of the metal ions does not affect the the His‐Ni (II) complex formation.
Effects of gaseous ozone treatment on the mite pest control and qualitative properties during ripening storage of pecorino cheese
Authors: Grasso Claudia , Eramo Vanessa , Lembo Micaela , Forniti Roberto , Carboni Cristian , Botondi Rinaldo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRipened cheeses, such as pecorino, are susceptible to mites and molds contamination on the crust area that must be removed before the product can be marketed. This study investigates the effectiveness of gaseous ozone treatment in the control of microbiological and mite growth without negatively affecting product quality.RESULTSCheese samples were treated with gaseous ozone at 200 and 300 ppb for 8 h per day (overnight) for 150 days in storage rooms under controlled conditions (12 °C and 85% relative humidity). The results showed that ozone at 200 ppb limits the growth of mites starting from 25 days of storage and significantly reduced bacteria, molds, and yeasts counts starting from 75 days of storage. Concerning the physicochemical and qualitative parameters evaluated during ripening (weight loss, moisture content, dry weight, ash, fat, protein, total nitrogen, color, non‐destructive firmness), no significant differences were shown between the control samples and ozone treatment at 200 ppb. Sensory analysis (consumer test) also showed no specific defects with the ozone‐treated samples. It was observed that the ozone treatment at 300 ppb had limited microbiological growth and no alteration of sensory aspects but did not have the same positive impact on some aspects of overall quality, compared with ozone treatment at 200 ppb.CONCLUSIONThe use of gaseous ozone treatments during ripening of pecorino cheese can potentially offer an excellent solution for the control of mite growth, while preserving the quality and sensory characteristics of the product. For this reason, this technique could be very useful for commercial purposes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Canceling and Inverting Normal and Anomalous Group‐Velocity Dispersion Using Space‐Time Wave Packets
Authors: Hall Layton A. , Abouraddy Ayman F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAngular dispersion can counterbalance normal group‐velocity dispersion (GVD) that increases the wave‐vector length in a dispersive medium. By tilting the wave vector, angular dispersion reduces the axial wave number in this case to match the pre‐GVD value. By the same token, however, angular dispersion fails to counterbalance anomalous GVD, which in contrast reduces the wave‐vector length. Consequently, GVD‐cancellation via angular dispersion has not been demonstrated to date in the anomalous dispersion regime. Here, structed femtosecond pulsed beams, known as ‘space‐time’ wave packets, are designed to realize dispersion‐cancellation symmetrically in either the normal‐ or anomalous‐GVD regimes by virtue of non‐differentiable angular dispersion inculcated into the pulsed field. Furthermore, GVD‐inversion is also verified by reversing the GVD sign experienced by the field with respect to that dictated by the chromatic dispersion of the medium itself.
Localization of Light in Multi‐Helical Arrays of Discrete Coupled Waveguides
Authors: Russell Philip St.J. , Chen Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLocalization of light in disordered or periodically structured dielectric media has been studied for many years. A recent example is coreless (i.e., defect‐free) photonic crystal fiber (PCF), which is observed to confine light when drawn in chiral form from a spinning preform. Although heuristic arguments based on a radially‐dependent photonic bandgap have been advanced, the underlying mechanism is not fully resolved. Here, a novel analytical model for twisted coreless PCF is presented, based on chiral arrays of coupled single‐mode step‐index sub‐cores in which chirality causes the effective axial refractive index of the cores to rise quadratically with radius. It produces results in excellent agreement with numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations, while offering orders of magnitude reductions in computational time. As a result it is possible to treat chiral structures with very large numbers of sub‐cores, to clarify the confinement mechanism, and to establish that exponentially localized helical Bloch modes (HBMs) do indeed form. As an example, localization in hexagonal and honeycomb lattices of chiral coupled sub‐cores is studied, and it is shown that in every case whole families of guided HBMs exist. The results open a new chapter in the 2D localization of light.
Coordination of Noble Metals in Poly(vinyl mercaptoethanol) Particles Prepared by Precipitation/Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Ziegenbalg Nicole , Ulrich Hans F. , Stumpf Steffi , Mueller Philipp , Wiethan Jürgen , Danner Janette , Schubert Ulrich S. , Adermann Torben , Brendel Johannes C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractS‐Vinyl monomers react readily in radical polymerizations resulting in polymers with interesting features such as enhanced refractive indices, increased thermal stability, or the ability to coordinate various metals. Among them, vinyl mercaptoethanol (VME) can be produced in industrial scale, but the poor solubility of the resulting homopolymer limits its application. In this contribution, polymerizations of the monomer are investigated in water forming a heterogeneous system. The good solubility of the monomer in water imparts the system with mixed characteristics between a precipitation and an emulsion polymerization. Evaluating various surfactants, only polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is found to create stable dispersions, although micrometer‐sized particles are formed with a broad size distribution. Nevertheless, the particles are able to coordinate silver or gold ions. Attempts to reduce the noble metal ions by commercial reducing agents fail. However, exposure to sunlight unexpectedly results in a controlled reduction of the metal ions and the formation of composite particles. Silver ion‐containing dispersions demonstrate strong antibacterial properties, while the effect is diminished in the corresponding composite. Overall, the precipitation/emulsion polymerization of VME represents a promising pathway to stable sulfur‐rich polymer dispersions with the ability to coordinate metal ions or form reactive metal composites.
High Dielectric Breakdown Strength Nanoplatelet‐Based Multilayer Thin Films
Authors: Palen Bethany , Iverson Ethan T. , Rabaey Matthew G. , Marjuban Shaik Merkatur Hakim , Long Carolyn T. , Kolibaba Thomas J. , Benson Annie , Castaneda‐Lopez Homero , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDielectric materials that can withstand high voltages are of great interest due to the growing need for high‐performance insulation systems in electronics. Polymer nanocomposites have gained popularity as electrical insulators due to their processability, high operating voltage, and tortuous paths for current flow created by the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The dielectric breakdown strength of a relatively thick multilayer thin film containing polyethylenimine (PEI) and vermiculite clay (VMT), thickened with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (tris), is evaluated as a function of bilayers (BL) deposited. The resulting nanobrick wall structure of this clay‐based assembly is ideal for protective insulation. An 8 BL PEI+tris/VMT film achieves a dielectric breakdown strength of 245 kV mm−1, with a thickness of 5 µm. With increasing bilayers, the breakdown strength gradually decreases, but 20 BL of PEI+tris/VMT achieves a breakdown voltage of 2.36 kV. This nanoplatelet‐based system is the first “thick growing” layer‐by‐layer deposited film to be used as an insulating layer. Its unusually high breakdown strength can be useful for the protection of various high voltage electronics.
Multi‐Functional Cu‐BTC and ZIF‐67 Grown Chitosan Air Filters for Efficient NO and Particular Matter Removal
Authors: Kim Juran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF67) or copper(II)‐benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (CuBTC)‐based chitosan fibers grown in situ on fibers can be used in the development of effective air filters. In this context, herein, metal–organic frameworks (ZIF67 or CuBTC) are grown in situ on chitosan fibers (denoted as C‐ZIF67 or C‐CuBTC), and the NO gas adsorption performance, particular matter filtration efficiency, and antibacterial properties of the fabricated materials against E. coli and S. epidermidis are investigated. The specific surface areas of C‐ZIF67 and C‐CuBTC are 311.9 and 140.1 m2 g−1, respectively, whereas that of the untreated chitosan fibers is 0.1 m2 g−1. For C‐ZIF67, the NO adsorption efficiency rapidly increases up to 78%; specifically, 70% adsorption is maintained for 65 min. For C‐CuBTC, the NO adsorption efficiency rapidly increases up to 54% initially and substantially decreases to 41% after 10 min. Furthermore, C‐ZIF67 exhibits a 3.4 times higher NO adsorption capacity than that of C‐CuBTC. For C‐ZIF67 and C‐CuBTC, the filtration efficiencies against PMs are higher than 99%. However, C‐CuBTC shows a higher antibacterial activity (99.99%) against E. coli and S. epidermidis compared to C‐ZIF67. The C‐ZIF67 and C‐CuBTC, derived from renewable resources, can be good alternatives for commercial synthetic air filters because they are biodegradable, cost‐effective, and environment‐friendly.
Consumers' moral licensing of firms' CSR transgressions
Authors: Kliamenakis Argiro , Grohmann Bianca , Bodur Onur 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement, firms may be implicated in CSR transgressions. Research is equivocal on whether CSR buffers negative consumer responses to subsequent firm transgressions. This research extends the observer moral licensing framework to consumer‐firm contexts and examines under what conditions consumers license transgressions following firms' CSR engagement. Study 1 demonstrates that consumer responses to firm transgressions depend on whether the transgression occurs in the same (vs. different) domain relative to CSR engagement and on transgression ambiguity. Study 2 shows that consumer responses to transgressions are less negative when a firm has (vs. has not) previously engaged in CSR. It replicates a shielding effect of CSR that is contingent on transgression domain relative to prior CSR and transgression ambiguity, and finds that blatant same domain transgressions generate hypocrisy perceptions and mitigate licensing effects. Study 3 further extends the moral licensing framework and shows that firm communication that situates CSR efforts on a continuum (continuous CSR positioning) before a transgression moderates, and insincere firm motive attributions mediate, the detrimental effect of blatant same domain transgressions.
CircDUSP1 regulates tumor growth, metastasis, and paclitaxel sensitivity in triple‐negative breast cancer by targeting miR‐761/DACT2 signaling axis
Authors: Huang Shulin , Xie Jing , Lei Shanshan , Fan Peizhi , Zhang Chaojie , Huang Zhongcheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer TNBC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence and high mortality that threaten the health of women worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of noncoding RNAs that participate in the biological processes of various tumors, but the regulatory roles of circRNAs in TNBC have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the expression and characterization of circDUSP1 was detected via quantitative real‐time PCR, nuclear‐cytoplasmic fractionation assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Then, in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of circDUSP1 in TNBC. The interaction among circDUSP1, miR‐761, DACT2 were confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull‐down, and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments. We identified the circRNA named circDUSP1 that was inversely correlated with tumorigenesis and progression in TNBC. Overexpression of circDUSP1 significantly attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, while increased the sensitivity of TNBC cells to paclitaxel. In‐depth mechanism analysis indicated that circDUSP1 acts as an endogenous sponge of miR‐761 to reduce its suppression on target gene DACT2 expression in TNBC. Upregulation of miR‐761 or downregulation of DACT2 partially reversed the biological process of TNBC and the prognosis of paclitaxel affected by circDUSP1. Taken together, our findings revealed a role for the regulation of the miR‐761/DACT2 axis by circDUSP1 in the biological process of TNBC. These results provided new insights into the biological mechanism and targeted therapy of TNBC.
Wide‐beam bent cross‐shaped DRA antenna for wide‐angle beam‐scanning phased array
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Zhang Tielin , Yu Da , Fang Shaojun , Wang Zhongbao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the paper, a bent cross‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna element with wide half‐power beamwidth of 224.9° is proposed and applied for designing a 1 × 8 wide‐angle beam‐scanning linear phased array. To obtain small gain drop and reduce the mutual coupling of the scanning array, the dielectric wall loaded rectangular truncated slots are inserted. For validation, a prototype operating at 5.8 GHz is designed. Measurement results indicate that the main beam of the designed phased array can scan from −70° to +70° GHz with a gain drop of less than 1.75 dB and a sidelobe level of less than −5.08 dB.
Does anthocyanins consumption affect weight and body composition? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yarhosseini Faezeh , Darand Mina , Sangsefidi Zohreh Sadat , Mozaffari‐Khosravi Hassan , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAnthocyanins (ACNs) are water‐soluble plant pigments belong to flavonoids with beneficial effects on health and disease prevention. Some studies have examined the effect of ACNs on anthropometric and body composition indices, but the findings were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the effect of ACNs and sources rich in anthocyanins on body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist‐hip ratio (WHR), percentage of fat mass (PFM) and fat free mass (FFM).MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched with no limitation until May 2021 to find relevant randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT). The risk of bias was assessed utilizing Cochrane collaboration's tool. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using a random effects model.ResultsA total of 31 RCTs (with 0.77–640 mg/day of ACNs supplementation for 28–90 days) with 1438 participants were included. No significant effect was found in BMI, WC, HC, WHR, PFM and FFM after ACNs consumption.ConclusionsThe results showed that ACNs did not significantly affect anthropometric and body composition parameters. Further high‐quality RCTs are required to validate these findings.
Oral SARS‐CoV‐2 reduction by local treatment: A plasma technology application?
Authors: von Woedtke Thomas , Gabriel Gülsah , Schaible Ulrich E. , Bekeschus Sander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic reemphasized the importance of and need for efficient hygiene and disinfection measures. The coronavirus' efficient spread capitalizes on its airborne transmission routes via virus aerosol release from human oral and nasopharyngeal cavities. Besides the upper respiratory tract, efficient viral replication has been described in the epithelium of these two body cavities. To this end, the idea emerged to employ plasma technology to locally reduce mucosal viral loads as an additional measure to reduce patient infectivity. We here outline conceptual ideas of such treatment concepts within what is known in the antiviral actions of plasma treatment so far.
Neuronal‐like Irregular Spiking Dynamics in Highly Volatile Memristive Intermediate‐scale AgPt‐Nanoparticle Assemblies
Authors: Carstens Niko , Strunskus Thomas , Faupel Franz , Hassanien Abdou , Vahl Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeuromorphic computing seeks functional materials capable of emulating brain‐like dynamics to solve computational problems with time and energy efficiency, outclassing current transistor‐based hardware architectures. Major efforts are focused on integrating memristive devices into highly regular circuits (i.e., crossbar arrays), where the information representation in individual memristive devices is closely oriented toward the behavior of artificial neurons. However, artificial neurons are rather rigid mathematical concepts than realistic projections of complex neuronal dynamics. Neuroscience suggests that highly efficient information representation on the level of individual neurons relies on dynamical features such as excitatory and inhibitory contributions, irregularity of firing patterns, and temporal correlations. Here, a conductive atomic force microscopy approach is applied to probe the memristive dynamics of nanoscale assemblies of AgPt‐nanoparticles at the stability border of the conducting state, where physical forces causing the formation and decay of filamentary structures appear to be balanced. This unveils a dynamic regime, where the memristive response is governed by irregular firing patterns. The significance of such a dynamical regime is motivated by close similarities to excitation and inhibition‐governed behavior in biological neuronal systems, which is crucial to tune biological neuronal systems into a state most suitable for information representation and computation.
The outcomes of COVID‐19 pneumonia in children—clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function assessment
Authors: Bogusławski Stanisław , Strzelak Agnieszka , Gajko Kacper , Peradzyńska Joanna , Popielska Jolanta , Marczyńska Magdalena , Kulus Marek , Krenke Katarzyna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this study was to assess the pulmonary sequelae of COVID‐19 pneumonia in children.Study DesignChildren (0–18 years old) diagnosed with COVID‐19 pneumonia hospitalized between March 2020 and March 2021 were included in this observational study. All children underwent follow‐up visits 3 months postdischarge, and if any abnormalities were stated, a second visit after the next 3 months was scheduled. Clinical assessment included medical history, physical examination, lung ultrasound (LUS) using a standardized protocol, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). PFTs results were compared with healthy children.ResultsForty‐one patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia (severe disease n = 3, mechanical ventilation, n = 0) were included in the study. Persistent symptoms were reported by seven (17.1%) children, the most common was decreased exercise tolerance (57.1%), dyspnea (42.9%), and cough (42.9%). The most prevalent abnormalities in LUS were coalescent B‐lines (37%) and small subpleural consolidations (29%). The extent of LUS abnormalities was significantly greater at the first than at the second follow‐up visit (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in PFTs results neither between the study group and healthy children nor between the two follow‐up visits in the study group.ConclusionsOur study shows that children might experience long‐term sequelae following COVID‐19 pneumonia. In the majority of cases, these are mild and resolve over time.