bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocal count responses of narwhals to bulk carrier noise in Milne Inlet, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Radtke Crystal L. , Terhune John M. , Frouin‐Mouy Héloïse , Rouget Philippe A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConcerns were raised about possible behavioral disturbance to narwhals (Monodon monoceros) when exposed to shipping noise in Milne Inlet, Baffin Island, Canada. We deployed passive acoustic recorders in August and September 2018 and 2019, along and adjacent to the nominal shipping corridor. We measured broadband (0.01–25 kHz) sound pressure levels (SPL) after correcting for the auditory weighting function of high frequency cetaceans. Received SPLs and counts of Whistles, Buzzes, and Knocks were compared in a before‐during‐after study of individual bulk carrier transits, relative to periods with no ships. Narwhal call counts were generally lower once bulk carriers were within line‐of‐sight, including when ship noise levels were just above ambient noise levels. Call counts varied both “before” and “after” individual bulk carriers passed by the recorders. There was no evidence of a behavioral threshold SPL below which a response did not occur. We did not observe call count reductions to the same extent in 2019 compared to 2018 as higher ambient noise levels in 2019 likely masked some individual ship noise. There was no evidence of habituation or sensitization to the bulk carrier noise within or between years. Continued acoustic monitoring is recommended, especially if bulk carrier transits increase.
Progress and prospect of developing salt and alkali tolerant rice using hybrid rice technology in China
Authors: Liu Jiayin , Wan Jili , Yin Xiaojia , Gu Xiaozhen , Yin Huide , Yu Meng , Luan Yifang , Li Rujian , Mi Tiezhu , Li Jiming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoil salinization and alkalization are important abiotic stresses that affect crop growth and yield. Development of salt and alkali tolerant varieties is still dominated by the following conventional breeding method: The salt and alkali tolerant traits from screened germplasm are introduced into elite varieties by means of hybridization and backcrossing. In recent years, the breeding of salt and alkali tolerant rice has also made great progress. For example, the yield of Chao‐You 1000, a two‐line rice hybrid, has reached 12.04 t/ha growing in fields with salinity between 0.2% and 0.6%. This review is an update on the progress of salt and alkali tolerant rice germplasm screening and new salt and alkali tolerant varieties in development. By reviewing the performance of current rice hybrids in China's National Regional Variety Trials of Saline‐Alkali Tolerant Rice, we proposed the technical approach of developing saline–alkali tolerant rice hybrids using the third‐generation hybrid rice technology and furthermore the trend of developing salt and alkali tolerant rice hybrids.
Successful global anti‐B‐cell strategy with daratumumab in a patient with post‐transplant nephrotic syndrome recurrence unresponsive to immunoadsorption and obinutuzumab
Authors: Delbet Jean‐Daniel , Hogan Julien , Parmentier Cyrielle , Ulinski Tim , Dossier Claire 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSteroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome recurrence post‐transplant unresponsive to immunoadsorption is a dilemma, and no reliable treatment strategy has been identified to induce remission so far.Case presentationA 2‐year‐old girl presented first with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. She did not reach remission after 30 days of oral steroids and remained resistant to steroid pulses, oral tacrolimus, IV cyclosporine, and to 30 sessions of plasma exchange. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed because of extrarenal complications. Two years later, she received an allograft from a deceased donor and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome relapsed immediately post‐transplantation. She did not reach remission after immunosuppressive therapy including tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, methylprednisolone pulses, daily immunoadsorption, and B‐cell depletion. She received obinutuzumab 1 g/1.73 m2 injections weekly for 3 weeks and then daratumumab 1 g/1.73 m2 weekly for 4 weeks. One week after the last daratumumab infusion, urine protein/creatinine ratio began to decrease. Proteinuria was negative for the first time at Day 99. Immunoadsorption was stopped 147 days after, and she remained relapse‐free at last follow‐up (18 months post‐transplantation). The treatment was complicated by a pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with a favorable outcome and persistent hypogammaglobulinemia.ConclusionA obinutuzumab and daratumumab combination seems to be a promising strategy in post‐transplantation SRNS recurrence without response to standard treatment options.
A 3‐year population‐based study of exercise‐related sudden cardiac arrest among 12‐ to 50‐year‐old Norwegians
Authors: Isern Cecilie Benedicte , Kramer‐Johansen Jo , Tjelmeland Ingvild , Bahr Roald , Berge Hilde Moseby 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionRegular exercise is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Paradoxically, an increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is documented during or immediately after exercise and in athletes compared to the nonathletic population. Our objective was to identify, through multiple sources, the total number of exercise‐related versus non‐exercise‐related SCA in the young population in Norway.MethodsWe collected primary data from the prospective Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry (NorCAR) for all patients aged 12–50 suffering SCA of presumed cardiac cause from 2015 to 2017. We collected secondary data about prior physical activity and the SCA, through questionnaires. We searched media reports for SCA incidents in sports. Exercise‐related SCA is defined as SCA during or <1 h after exercise.ResultsOverall, 624 patients, median age 43 years, were included from NorCAR. Two thirds (393) replied to the study invitation, of whom 236 answered the questionnaires: 95 survivors and 141 next of kin. The media search resulted in 18 relevant hits. With a multiple source approach, we identified 63 cases of exercise‐related SCA, equivalent to an incidence of 0.8/100 000 person‐years, versus 7.8/100 000 person‐years of non‐exercise‐related SCA. Among those who answered (n = 236), almost two thirds (59%) exercised regularly, most commonly (45%) 1–4 h/week. Endurance exercise (38%) was the most prevalent type of regular exercise and the most common activity during exercise‐related SCA (53%).ConclusionThe burden of exercise‐related SCA was low (0.8 per 100 000 person‐years) and ten times lower than non‐exercise‐related SCA in the young population in Norway.
Detection of skin wrinkles and quantification of roughness using a novel image processing technique from a dermatoscope device
Authors: Carlos da Silva Gustavo , Barbosa Miguel B. , Júnior Flávio B. Camargo , Moreira Patrícia L. , Werka Rejane , Martin Airton A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveCutaneous relief analysis is crucial in the development of new skincare products, as well as in the evaluation of dermatological treatments. The analysis can be performed by qualitative or quantitative methods. We propose a new algorithm to detect wrinkles and quantify skin roughness by image processing from a dermatoscope.MethodsA clinical study was carried out with 33 research participants, and images were collected with the dermatoscope and PRIMOS equipment for wrinkle evaluation at two different times: Day 0 (D0) and 45 days (D45) after the use of a dermocosmetic product. Later, a new algorithm was developed to detect wrinkles in the acquired images by applying filters and image transformations that generate a segmented image highlighting the wrinkles. A roughness calculation method is proposed from the pixels belonging to wrinkles.ResultsCorrelation between the values obtained by the PRIMOS equipment and the proposed system was verified. No correlation was found for data obtained at D0; however, there was correlation at time D45 by Spearman's similarity coefficient. By comparing roughness between times D0 and D45, the treatment was statistically significant for both PRIMOS and the proposed methodology data.ConclusionThe wrinkle detection algorithm, in addition to the roughness calculation, demonstrated a sensitivity comparable to the PRIMOS system in evaluating the effectiveness of the dermocosmetic treatment.SignificanceConsidering the simplicity of the dermatoscope design compared to other established devices such as PRIMOS, the proposed system is promising as an alternative for dermatological evaluations.
Reaching for the off switch in nucleolar dominance
Authors: Pikaard Craig S. , Chandrasekhara Chinmayi , McKinlay Anastasia , Enganti Ramya , Fultz Dalen 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYNucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are eukaryotic chromosomal loci where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are clustered, typically in hundreds to thousands of copies. Transcription of these rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I and processing of their transcripts results in the formation of the nucleolus, the sub‐nuclear domain in which ribosomes are assembled. Approximately 90 years ago, cytogenetic observations revealed that NORs inherited from the different parents of an interspecific hybrid sometimes differ in morphology at metaphase. Fifty years ago, those chromosomal differences were found to correlate with differences in rRNA gene transcription and the phenomenon became known as nucleolar dominance. Studies of the past 30 years have revealed that nucleolar dominance results from selective rRNA gene silencing, involving repressive chromatin modifications, and occurs in pure species as well as hybrids. Recent evidence also indicates that silencing depends on the NOR in which an rRNA gene is located, and not on the gene's sequence. In this perspective, we discuss how our thinking about nucleolar dominance has shifted over time from the kilobase scale of individual genes to the megabase scale of NORs and chromosomes and questions that remain unanswered in the search for a genetic and biochemical understanding of the off switch.
Screening, identification, and observation of infection process of a herbicidal fungal strain HY‐02
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhu Haixia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study clarified the herbicidal activity, crop safety, classification status, and infection process of herbicidal strain HY‐02, and laid a foundation for its development and utilization. Strain HY‐02 was isolated from the leaves of Rumex patientia L. by the tissue isolation method. The pathogenicity of the strain to six broadleaf weeds and the safety for four common crops were determined by spray inoculation. The taxonomic status of HY‐02 was determined by morphology and molecular biology, and the infection process was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro leaf experiments showed that strain HY‐02 was pathogenic to six broadleaf weeds, Polygonum aviculare L., Elsholtzia densa Benth., Chenopodium album L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Malva verticillata L. The pot experiment of weeds found that the pathogenicity rates for P. aviculare, E. densa, C. album, P. lapathifolium, A. retroflexus, and M. verticillata were 100.00%, 94.44%, 95.24%, 83.33%, 73.02%, and 40.00%, respectively. Strain HY‐02 seemed safe for four crops (Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum aestivum L., Vicia faba L., and Pisum sativum L.), but not for Brassica napus L. The strain was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that hyphae invaded leaf tissues from the stomata by destroying epidermal cells. Hyphae rapidly grew and invaded living tissues by obtaining nutrients from the tissues, destroying the whole leaf tissues, and finally forming reticular lesions. Therefore, the HY‐02 strain has the potential to be developed into microbial biocontrol agents for weed control.
Physicochemical origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
Authors: Spitzer Jan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrigins research currently rests on a vitalistic foundation and requires reconceptualization. From a cellular perspective, prokaryotic cells grow and divide in stable, colloidal processes, throughout which the cytoplasm remains crowded (concentrated) with closely interacting proteins and nucleic acids. Their functional stability is ensured by repulsive and attractive non‐covalent forces, especially van der Waals forces, screened electrostatic forces, and hydrogen bonding (hydration and the hydrophobic effect). On average, biomacromolecules are crowded at above 15% volume fraction, surrounded by up to 3 nm layer of aqueous electrolyte at ionic strength above 0.01 molar; they are energized by biochemical reactions coupled to nutrient environments. During cellular growth, non‐covalent molecular forces and biochemical reactions stabilize the cytoplasm as a two‐phase, colloidal system comprising vectorially structured cytogel and dilute cytosol. From a geochemical perspective, Earth's rotation kept prebiotic molecules in continuous cyclic disequilibria in Usiglio‐type intertidal pools, rich in potassium and magnesium ions, the last cations to precipitate from evaporatig seawater. These ions impart biochemical functionality to extant proteins and RNAs. The prebiotic molecules were repeatedly purified by phase separation in response to tidal drying and rewetting; they were chemically evolving as briny, carbonaceous inclusions in tidal sediments until the crowding transition allowed chemical evolution to proceeed toward Woesian progenotes, the Last Universal Common Ancestors (LUCAs) and the first prokaryotes. These cellular and geochemical processes are summarized as a jigsaw puzzle of the emerging and evolving prokaryotes. Their unavoidable cyclic fusions and rehydrations along Archaean coastlines initiated the emergence of complex Precambrian eukaryotes.
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Comparative Spray Atomization and Evaporation Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether and Mineral Diesel
Authors: Sonawane Utkarsha , Agarwal Avinash Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dimethyl ether is a new-generation alternative fuel to mitigate cold-start issues in compression ignition engines. It has a higher cetane number and offers superior spray atomization and fuel evaporation characteristics. This simulation study compares dimethyl ether and baseline diesel sprays and their evaporation characteristics in a constant volume spray chamber. Fuel properties greatly influence spray atomization and evaporation characteristics. This study is based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach adopted in the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes framework. The liquid spray penetration obtained by simulation matched well with the experimental results of dimethyl ether and baseline diesel. Spray model constants were tuned for diesel and dimethyl ether separately, as the fuel properties of both test fuels are completely different. These tuned models were used to simulate dimethyl ether and diesel sprays at fixed fuel injection timings and ambient conditions. Results showed a lower spray penetration length for dimethyl ether than baseline diesel because of the flash boiling of dimethyl ether. Smaller diameter droplets formed due to dimethyl ether’s lower viscosity, density, surface tension, and higher evaporation rate. The reduction in Sauter mean diameter was quite sharp after the start of injection for the dimethyl ether. Diesel spray showed retarded spray atomization and evaporation characteristics compared to dimethyl ether. The vapor penetration length of both fuels was almost the same; however, the vapor mass fraction was higher for dimethyl ether than baseline diesel. Dimethyl ether spray exhibited superior spray atomization and improved evaporation of fuel droplets.
Estimating potential silent transfer using baseline viral load measures among people presenting as new to HIV care in Lusaka, Zambia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pry Jake M , Mwila Chilambwe , Kapesa Herbert , Mulabe Musunge , Frimpong Christiana , Moono Misinzo , Savory Theodora , Bolton-Moore Carolyn , Herce Michael E , Iyer Shilpa 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo estimate potential silent transfer using baseline viral load measures among individuals presenting as new to HIV care in routine HIV clinical settings in Lusaka, Zambia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo large, urban government-operated health facilities supported by the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia.ParticipantsA total of 248 participants with an incident positive HIV rapid test.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was HIV viral suppression at baseline (i.e., potential silent transfer), defined as having a viral load ≤1000 RNA copies(c)/mL at the time of initiating HIV care. We also examined viral suppression at ≤60 c/mL.MethodsWe surveyed and measured baseline HIV viral load as part of the national recent infection testing algorithm among people living with HIV (PLWH) presenting as new to care. Using mixed effects Poisson regression, we identified characteristics among PLWH associated with potential silent transfer.ResultsAmong the 248 PLWH included, 63% were women with median age of 30, and 66 (27% (66/248)) had viral suppression at ≤1000 c/mL and 53 (21% (53/248)) at ≤60 c/mL thresholds, respectively. Participants aged 40+ years had a significantly higher adjusted prevalence of potential silent transfer (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.10; 95% CI: 2.08, 2.13) compared with participants aged 18–24 years. Participants reporting no formal education had a significantly higher adjusted prevalence of potential silent transfer (aPR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.75) compared with those completing primary education. Among 57 potential silent transfers who completed a survey, 44 (77%) indicated having tested positive previously at ≥1 of 38 clinics in Zambia.ConclusionsThe high proportion of PLWH with potential silent transfer points to clinic shopping and/or co-enrolment at multiple care sites simultaneously, suggesting an opportunity to improve care continuity at the time of HIV care entry.
Serum KL-6 levels predict clinical outcomes and are associated withMUC1polymorphism in Japanese patients with COVID-19
Authors: Azekawa Shuhei , Chubachi Shotaro , Asakura Takanori , Namkoong Ho , Sato Yasunori , Edahiro Ryuya , Lee Ho , Tanaka Hiromu , Otake Shiro , Nakagawara Kensuke , Fukushima Takahiro , Watase Mayuko , Sakurai Kaori , Kusumoto Tatsuya , Masaki Katsunori , Kamata Hirofumi , Ishii Makoto , Hasegawa Naoki , Okada Yukinori , Koike Ryuji , Kitagawa Yuko , Kimura Akinori , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi , Kanai Takanori , Fukunaga Koichi 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundKrebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a known biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of interstitial lung diseases. However, the role of serum KL-6 and the mucin 1 (MUC1) variant (rs4072037) in COVID-19 outcomes remains to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the relationships among serum KL-6 levels, critical outcomes and theMUC1variant in Japanese patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a multicentre retrospective study using data from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force collected from February 2020 to November 2021, including 2226 patients with COVID-19 whose serum KL-6 levels were measured. An optimal serum KL-6 level cut-off to predict critical outcomes was determined and used for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the relationship among the allele dosage of theMUC1variant, calculated from single nucleotide polymorphism typing data of genome-wide association studies using the imputation method, serum KL-6 levels and COVID-19 critical outcomes was evaluated.ResultsSerum KL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 with critical outcomes (511±442 U/mL) than those without (279±204 U/mL) (p<0.001). Serum KL-6 levels ≥304 U/mL independently predicted critical outcomes (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.47, 95% CI 2.44 to 4.95). Moreover, multivariable logistic regression analysis with age and sex indicated that theMUC1variant was independently associated with increased serum KL-6 levels (aOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.32) but not significantly associated with critical outcomes (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.54).ConclusionSerum KL-6 levels predicted critical outcomes in Japanese patients with COVID-19 and were associated with theMUC1variant. Therefore, serum KL-6 level is a potentially useful biomarker of critical COVID-19 outcomes.
Anti-HVEM mAb therapy improves antitumoral immunity both in vitro and in vivo, in a novel transgenic mouse model expressing human HVEM and BTLA molecules challenged with HVEM expressing tumors
Authors: Demerlé Clémence , Gorvel Laurent , Mello Marielle , Pastor Sonia , Degos Clara , Zarubica Ana , Angelis Fabien , Fiore Frédéric , Nunes Jacques A , Malissen Bernard , Greillier Laurent , Guittard Geoffrey , Luche Hervé , Barlesi Fabrice , Olive Daniel 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundTumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14)/herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is the ligand for B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160-negative immune co-signaling molecules as well as viral proteins. Its expression is dysregulated with an overexpression in tumors and a connection with tumors of adverse prognosis.MethodsWe developed C57BL/6 mouse models co-expressing human (hu)BTLA and huHVEM as well as antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that completely prevent the interactions of HVEM with its ligands.ResultsHere, we show that the anti-HVEM18-10 mAb increases primary human αβ-T cells activity alone (CIS-activity) or in the presence of HVEM-expressing lung or colorectal cancer cells in vitro (TRANS-activity). Anti-HVEM18-10 synergizes with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) mAb to activate T cells in the presence of PD-L1-positive tumors, but is sufficient to trigger T cell activation in the presence of PD-L1-negative cells. In order to better understand HVEM18-10 effects in vivo and especially disentangle its CIS and TRANS effects, we developed a knockin (KI) mouse model expressing human BTLA (huBTLA+/+) and a KI mouse model expressing both huBTLA+/+/huHVEM+/+(double KI (DKI)). In vivo preclinical experiments performed in both mouse models showed that HVEM18-10 treatment was efficient to decrease human HVEM+tumor growth. In the DKI model, anti-HVEM18-10 treatment induces a decrease of exhausted CD8+T cells and regulatory T cells and an increase of effector memory CD4+T cells within the tumor. Interestingly, mice which completely rejected tumors (±20%) did not develop tumors on rechallenge in both settings, therefore showing a marked T cell-memory phenotype effect.ConclusionsAltogether, our preclinical models validate anti-HVEM18-10 as a promising therapeutic antibody to use in clinics as a monotherapy or in combination with existing immunotherapies (antiprogrammed cell death protein 1/anti-PD-L1/anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)).