bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diurnal activity budgets of extralimital giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Paulse Jamie , Couldridge Vanessa , Cupido Clement , Deacon Francois 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite being an extralimital species in the region, South African giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa, Schreber 1784) are continuously being introduced into the Albany Thicket Biome of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This study aimed to determine the diurnal activity budgets of two extralimital giraffe populations in the Western Cape of South Africa. Diurnal activity budgets are important to provide baseline information on the adaptability of species in newly introduced areas and for more detailed ecological studies such as those relating to habitat suitability, animal–plant interactions and interactions with other resident animals.
Impact of asparaginase discontinuation on outcomes of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving the Japan Association of Childhood Leukaemia Study ALL‐02 protocol
Authors: Ishida Hisashi , Imamura Toshihiko , Tatebe Yasuhisa , Ishihara Takashi , Sakaguchi Kimiyoshi , Suenobu Souichi , Sato Atsushi , Hashii Yoshiko , Deguchi Takao , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Miyamura Takako , Iguchi Akihiro , Kato Koji , Saito‐Moriya Akiko , Hara Junichi , Horibe Keizo 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAsparaginase is an essential drug for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment, but has several side effects, and its discontinuation often compromises patient outcomes. In the prospective Japan Association of Childhood Leukaemia Study ALL‐02 protocol, two major changes were made: (1) additional chemotherapies to compensate for the reduction of treatment intensity when asparaginase was discontinued and (2) more intensive concomitant corticosteroid administration, relative to our previous ALL‐97 protocol. In ALL‐02 study, 1192 patients were included and L‐asparaginase was discontinued for 88 (7.4%). Discontinuation due to allergy was markedly decreased relative to the ALL‐97 protocol (2.3% vs 15.4%). Event‐free survival (EFS) among patients with T‐ALL was compromised when L‐asparaginase was discontinued, as well as among patients with high‐risk B‐cell ALL, especially when discontinued before maintenance therapy. Moreover, multivariate analysis identified discontinuation of L‐asparaginase as an independent poor prognostic factor for EFS. In the current study, additional chemotherapies failed to fully compensate for L‐asparaginase discontinuation, illustrating the difficulty of replacing asparaginase with other classes of drugs, although this study was not designed to evaluate the effect of these modifications. Concomitant intensive corticosteroid treatment may help to reduce allergy to asparaginase. These results will assist in further optimization of asparaginase use.
Two paths towards job instability: Comparing changes in the distribution of job tenure duration in the United Kingdom and Germany, 1984–2014
Authors: St‐Denis Xavier , Hollister Matissa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study provides novel evidence on trends in job stability in the United Kingdom and Germany, two capitalist economies with distinct sets of institutions and labour market reform trajectories. While we find evidence of an increase in short‐term jobs for men in both countries, we also find important differences in the overall patterns of change in the distribution of job tenure duration. The United Kingdom follows a masked instability pattern with opposite job stability trends for men and women. On the other hand, we find evidence of a polarization of the job tenure distribution among men and women in Germany. These findings are partly consistent with expectations from the dualization literature, emphasizing a growing segmentation of the labour market between insiders and outsiders. More generally, this study highlights the existence of multiple paths towards increased job instability that appear to be rooted in institutional differences.
LRRC75A‐AS1 delivered by M2 macrophage exosomes promotes cervical cancer progression via enhancing SIX1 expression
Authors: Sui Hong‐Ying , Cui Xiu‐Ying , Shi Cai‐Xia , Yan Zhi‐Peng , Li Hu‐Cheng , Wang Fang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate potential roles of LRRC75A‐AS1 delivered by M2 macrophage exosomes in inducing cervical cancer progression. We demonstrated LRRC75A‐AS1 was highly expressed in exosomes from M2 macrophages which could be absorbed by Hela cells. M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes promoted Hela cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process by delivering LRRC75A‐AS1. LRRC75A‐AS1 directly targeted and suppressed miR‐429 in Hela cells. The regulation of cell functions by exosomes from LRRC75A‐AS1‐overexpressing M2 macrophages was abrogated by miR‐429 mimics. miR‐429 directly targeted and repressed SIX1 expression. SIX1 overexpression alleviated the modulation of cellular functions and STAT3/MMP‐9 signaling by miR‐429 mimics. Also, miR‐429 overexpression or SIX1 silence repressed tumor formation and metastasis in nude mice, which was mitigated by exosomes from LRRC75A‐AS1‐overexpressing M2 macrophages. In conclusion, LRRC75A‐AS1 delivered by M2 macrophage exosomes repressed miR‐429 to elevate SIX1 expression and promote cervical cancer progression through activating the STAT3/MMP‐9 axis.
β‐Glucan attenuates cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice via regulating intestinal flora and its metabolites
Authors: Zhang Qiwei , Zhao Wei , Hou Yue , Song Xinxin , Yu Haiyang , Tan Jinghe , Zhou Yanmeng , Zhang Han‐Ting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe intestinal flora has been shown to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be improved by β‐glucan, a polysaccharide derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which affects cognitive function through the intestinal flora. However, it is not known if this effect of β‐glucan is involved in AD.MethodThis study used behavioral testing to measure cognitive function. After that, high‐throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and GC–MS were used to analyze the intestinal microbiota and metabolite SCFAs of AD model mice, and further explore the relationship between intestinal flora and neuroinflammation. Finally, the expressions of inflammatory factors in the mouse brain were detected by Western blot and Elisa methods.ResultsWe found that appropriate supplementation of β‐glucan during the progression of AD can improve cognitive impairment and reduce A β plaque deposition. In addition, supplementation of β‐glucan can also promote changes in the composition of the intestinal flora, thereby changing the flora metabolites in the intestinal content and reduce the activation of inflammatory factors and microglia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus through the brain‐gut axis. While reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, thereby controlling neuroinflammation.ConclusionThe imbalance of the gut microbiota and metabolites plays a role in the progression of AD; β‐glucan blocks the development of AD by improving the gut microbiota and its metabolites and reducing neuroinflammation. β‐Glucan is a potential strategy for the treatment of AD by reshaping the gut microbiota and improving its metabolites.
Modulation effects of different treatments on periaqueductal gray resting state functional connectivity in knee osteoarthritis knee pain patients
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zeng Fang , Cheng Shirui , Dong Xiaohui , Jiang Nannan , Zhang Xinyue , Tang Chenjian , He Wenhua , Chen Yang , Sun Ning , Zhou Yuanfang , Li Xinling , Hu Shengjie , Sun Ruirui , Wintermark Max , Yang Weihua , Liang Fanrong , Li Zhengjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe analgesic effect of acupuncture is widely recognized, but the mechanical characteristics of acupuncture for pain relief, compared to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory (NSAIDs) and placebo medication, remain unknown.AimsTo compare the modulation effects of acupuncture treatment with NSAIDs and placebo medication on descending pain modulation system (DPMS) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients.MethodsThis study recruited 180 KOA patients with knee pain and 41 healthy controls (HCs). Individuals with KOA knee pain were divided randomly into groups of verum acupuncture (VA), sham acupuncture (SA), celecoxib (SC), placebo (PB), and waiting list (WT), with 36 patients in each group. VA and SA groups included ten sessions of puncturing acupoints or puncturing non‐acupoints acupuncture treatment for two successive weeks. Celecoxib capsules were continuously given orally to patients in the SC group at a dosage of 200 mg daily for 2 weeks. In the PB group, patients received a placebo capsule once a day for 2 weeks at the same dosage as celecoxib capsules. In the WL group, patients did not receive any treatment. Patients underwent a resting‐state BOLD‐fMRI scan pre‐ and post‐receiving the therapy, whereas HCs only underwent a baseline scan. Seed (ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, vlPAG, a key node in DPMS) based resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) was applied in the data analysis.ResultsAll groups demonstrated improved knee pain scores relative to the initial state. There was no statistical difference between the VA and SA groups in all clinical outcomes, and vlPAG rs‐FC alterations. KOA knee pain individuals reported higher vlPAG rs‐FC in the bilateral thalamus than HCs. KOA knee pain patients in the acupuncture group (verum + sham, AG) exhibited increased vlPAG rs‐FC with the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the right angular, which is associated with knee pain improvement. In contrast with the SC and PB group, the AG exhibited significantly increased vlPAG rs‐FC with the right DLPFC and angular. Contrary to the WT group, the AG showed greater vlPAG rs‐FC with the right DLPFC and precuneus.ConclusionsAcupuncture treatment, celecoxib, and placebo medication have different modulation effects on vlPAG DPMS in KOA knee pain patients. Acupuncture could modulate vlPAG rs‐FC with brain regions associated with cognitive control, attention, and reappraisal for knee pain relief in KOA patients, compared with celecoxib and placebo medication.
Leveraging private lands to meet 2030 biodiversity targets in the United States
Authors: Chapman Melissa , Boettiger Carl , Brashares Justin S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoincident with international movements to protect 30% of land and sea over the next decade (“30×30”), the United States has committed to more than doubling its current protected land area by 2030. While publicly owned and managed protected areas have been the cornerstone of area‐based conservation over the past century, such lands are costly to establish and have limited capacity to protect areas of the highest value for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. Here we examine the current and potential contributions of private land for reaching 30×30 conservation targets at both federal and state scales in the United States. We find that compared to publicly owned and managed protected lands, protected private lands (conservation easements) are more often in areas designated as high conservation priority, hold significantly higher mean species richness, and sequester more vulnerable land‐based carbon per unit area. These and related findings highlight the necessity of mechanisms that engage private landholders in enduring conservation partnerships.
Colchicine – Renaissance of an “ancient” drug
Authors: Huber Stephanie Marie , Navarini Alexander , Brandt Oliver , Müller Simon 
Published: March 2023

SummaryColchicine, which was already used by the ancient Egyptians, has recently experienced a renaissance in various medical disciplines, including dermatology. However, due to the potentially significant side effects of systemic use, many clinicians are cautious in their use of colchicine. This review provides a practical overview of the data on the established and emerging use of systemic and topical colchicine in dermatologic diseases.
Moderate precipitation reduction enhances nitrogen cycling and soil nitrous oxide emissions in a semi‐arid grassland
Authors: Zhang Kangcheng , Qiu Yunpeng , Zhao Yunfeng , Wang Shuhong , Deng Jun , Chen Mengfei , Xu Xinyu , Wang Hao , Bai Tongshuo , He Tangqing , Zhang Yi , Chen Huaihai , Wang Yi , Hu Shuijin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ongoing climate change is predicted to induce more weather extremes such as frequent drought and high‐intensity precipitation events, causing more severe drying‐rewetting cycles in soil. However, it remains largely unknown how these changes will affect soil nitrogen (N)‐cycling microbes and the emissions of potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Utilizing a field precipitation manipulation in a semi‐arid grassland on the Loess Plateau, we examined how precipitation reduction (ca. −30%) influenced soil N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in field, and in a complementary lab‐incubation with simulated drying‐rewetting cycles. Results obtained showed that precipitation reduction stimulated plant root turnover and N‐cycling processes, enhancing soil N2O and CO2 emissions in field, particularly after each rainfall event. Also, high‐resolution isotopic analyses revealed that field soil N2O emissions primarily originated from nitrification process. The incubation experiment further showed that in field soils under precipitation reduction, drying‐rewetting stimulated N mineralization and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria in favor of genera Nitrosospira and Nitrosovibrio, increasing nitrification and N2O emissions. These findings suggest that moderate precipitation reduction, accompanied with changes in drying‐rewetting cycles under future precipitation scenarios, may enhance N cycling processes and soil N2O emissions in semi‐arid ecosystems, feeding positively back to the ongoing climate change.
What do we know about consumers' ontological security in disaster scenarios?
Authors: Fawaz Rayan S. , Bourliataux‐Lajoinie Stéphane , Roessner Anna , Okazaki Shintaro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile prior consumer studies have adopted various theoretical perspectives to explain individuals' reactions to disasters, scant attention has been paid to the role of ontological security in shaping those responses. This study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by qualitatively exploring ontological security in two contexts: man‐made and natural disasters. To this end, we conducted 35 focus groups in the UK, Germany, and France to address how people reacted to terrorist attacks and the COVID‐19 pandemic respectively. Through thematic analysis, three themes emerged: fear versus anxiety, oneself versus others, and materialistic versus experiential purchases. Man‐made disasters appear to elicit fear, concern for self, and a preference for materialistic purchases, whereas natural disasters seem to trigger anxiety, concern for others, and a preference for experiential purchases. Both types of disasters seem to evoke a desire to escape from reality. In closing, we discuss both transitory and prolonged threats to ontological security and how they shape individuals' behaviours while restoring their security.
Microbial and metabolic features in renal transplant recipients with post‐transplantation diabetes mellitus
Authors: He Jiayang , Yang Mengchang , Quan Xiangming , Wen Jingyu , Lan Yang , Yang Hongji , Zhao Gaoping , Hou Yifu , Lu Jun , Xu Linfeng , Wei Liang 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivePost‐transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common complication in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Gut microbiome plays important roles in a variety of chronic metabolic diseases, but its association with the occurrence and development of PTDM is still unknown. The present study integrates the analysis of gut microbiome and metabolites to further identify the characteristics of PTDM.MethodsA total of 100 RTRs fecal samples were collected in our study. Among them, 55 samples were submitted to Hiseq sequencing, and 100 samples were used for non‐targeted metabolomics analysis. The gut microbiome and metabolomics of RTRs were comprehensively characterized.ResultsThe species Dialister invisus was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The functions of tryptophan and phenylalanine biosynthesis were enhanced in RTRs with PTDM, while the functions of fructose and butyric acid metabolism were reduced. Fecal metabolome analysis indicated that RTRs with PTDM had unique metabolite distribution characteristics, and two differentially expressed specific metabolites were significantly correlated with FPG. The correlation analysis of gut microbiome and metabolites showed that gut microbiome had an obvious effect on the metabolic characteristics of RTRs with PTDM. Moreover, the relative abundance of microbial function is associated with the expression of several specific gut microbiome and metabolites.ConclusionsOur study identified the characteristics of gut microbiome and fecal metabolites in RTRs with PTDM, and we also found two important metabolites and a bacterium were significantly associated with PTDM, which might be used as novel targets in the research field of PTDM.
SERS‐based immunomagnetic bead for rapid detection of H5N1 influenza virus
Authors: Wang Xiwen , Li Song , Qu Han , Hao Liangyu , Shao Ting , Wang Kai , Xia Zhiping , Li Zhiping , Li Qianxue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently drawn attention in the detection of respiratory viruses, but there have been few reports of the direct detection of viruses. In this study, a sandwich immunomagnetic bead SERS was established for the rapid diagnosis of the H5N1 influenza virus. The detection limit was estimated to be 5.0 × 10−6 TCID50/ml. The method showed excellent specificity with no cross‐reaction with H1N1, H5N6 or H9N2. The H5N1 influenza virus detection accuracy of the SERS method was 100% in chicken embryos. The results hold great promise for the utilization of SERS as an innovative approach in the diagnosis of influenza virus.
Dislocation toughening in single‐crystal KNbO3
Authors: Preuß Oliver , Bruder Enrico , Lu Wenjun , Zhuo Fangping , Minnert Christian , Zhang Jiawen , Rödel Jürgen , Fang Xufei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe growing research interest in dislocation‐tuned functionality in ceramics is evident, with the most recent proofs‐of‐concept for enhanced ferroelectric properties, electrical conductivity, and superconductivity via dislocations. In this work, we focus on dislocation‐tuned mechanical properties and demonstrate that, by engineering high dislocation densities (up to 1014 m−2) into KNbO3 at room temperature, the fracture toughness can be improved by a factor of 2.8. The microstructures, including dislocations and domain walls, are examined by optical microscopy, electron channeling contrast imaging, piezo‐response force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy methods to shed light on the toughening mechanisms. In addition, high‐temperature (above the Curie temperature of KNbO3) indentation tests were performed to exclude the influence of ferroelastic toughening, such that the origin of the toughening effect is pinpointed to be dislocations.
Neuro‐fuzzy interface and mathematical modeling of rehydration kinetics and dynamic vapor sorption behavior of novel no‐cooking rice
Authors: Kumari Sonam , Chakraborty Sourav , Choudhary Arun Kumar , Boiragi Arpita , Das Olympica , Hazarika Manuj Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel no‐cooking rice was developed from a low‐amylose paddy using instant controlled pressure drop (ICPD) assisted novel parboiling method with an improvisation of the traditional method of production of the no‐cooking rice named as “komal chawal.” Autoclaving and ICPD treatments were employed for the preparation of no‐cooking rice. Autoclaving involved the treatment of rice at 1 atm(g) pressure for the preparation of pressure‐parboiled rice, while ICPD treatment with instant decompression was carried out within an experimental setup at treatment pressures (TP) of .2–.4 MPa(g) to produce ICPD treated rice. The step of soaking was omitted for the samples parboiled by the ICPD treatment. Effects of ICPD treatment pressure were assessed for obtaining better milling yield, color, texture, microstructure, and other properties. Paddy treated at .4 MPa(g) with instant decompression yielded the best quality rice in terms of those quality parameters. The rehydration behavior of the optimized rice samples was analyzed by applying the neuro‐fuzzy interface and mathematical modeling. In addition, dynamic vapor sorption‐based isotherm kinetics was investigated using the enthalpy–entropy compensation theory, demonstrating adequate sigmoid isotherm behavior of the rice.Practical ApplicationsApplication of instant control pressure drop (ICPD) has shown improvement in the rehydration properties of komal chawal with an increased head rice yield as compared to similar product produced by conventional parboiling. When freshly harvested low amylose paddy with relatively high moisture are used, the ICPD treatment permitted komal chawal production without the initial paddy soaking step, which is otherwise essential in a conventional parboiling process of komal chawal production. Hence, ICPD treatment as a novel technological intervention has the potential to shorten the komal chawal production process, and yield products with better rehydration and better chances of acceptance in market.
Students' consumption of high and low nutrition foods and reduced plate waste by schools' wellness‐related policies and garden program participation
Authors: Richardson Andrea S. , Nugroho Alvin , Dubowitz Tamara , Schultz Dana , Martin Corby K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundParticipation in school‐based programs that may support children's nutritious dietary behaviours varies across schools. We examined school participation in wellness‐related policies, school‐based garden programs and students' dietary behaviours.MethodsAmong matching schools who did and did not participate in school‐based garden programs, we analysed the lunches of 80 Pittsburgh Public Schools (PPS) students in 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th grades during Autumn 2019 using digital food photography. We also acquired school wellness policy data. Using cross‐sectional linear regression, we estimated the association between school‐based garden programming, wellness‐related policies and dietary outcomes, adjusting for grade.ResultsSchool's implementation of nutrition services policies was negatively associated with energy wasted from lunch (). The number of semesters the students' school had participated in the garden program was positively associated with students' whole grain consumption ().ConclusionsCross‐sectional associations suggest that schools that are more engaged in wellness policies and garden programs may provide environments that are more supportive of students' nutrition than in other schools.
Facial fat necrosis after autologous fat transfer possibly associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine
Authors: Brau‐Javier Cristina N. , Caro‐Muniz Andrea Paola , Canizares Orlando 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 52‐year‐old female patient developed facial fat necrosis presenting with cutaneous induration three weeks after minimal access cranial suspension (MACS) lift with autologous fat grafting from the abdomen. Given that the patient received the Moderna SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine one week after surgery, we hypothesize that the former predisposed her to tissue ischemia leading to fat necrosis. Histological findings after biopsy were consistent with fat necrosis, which included marked dermal fibrosis with areas of focal fat necrosis, lipophages, multinucleated giant cells, and siderophages. It is our hope that documenting this rare development in literature may serve as encouragement for adverse effect reporting after the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine administration and may boost inspection and monitoring of other health consequences by regulating agencies.