bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data preprocessing impact on machine learning algorithm performance
Authors: Amato Alberto , Di Lecce Vincenzo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The popularity of artificial intelligence applications is on the rise, and they are producing better outcomes in numerous fields of research. However, the effectiveness of these applications relies heavily on the quantity and quality of data used. While the volume of data available has increased significantly in recent years, this does not always lead to better results, as the information content of the data is also important. This study aims to evaluate a new data preprocessing technique called semi-pivoted QR (SPQR) approximation for machine learning. This technique is designed for approximating sparse matrices and acts as a feature selection algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, it has not been previously applied to data preprocessing in machine learning algorithms. The study aims to evaluate the impact of SPQR on the performance of an unsupervised clustering algorithm and compare its results to those obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) as the preprocessing algorithm. The evaluation is conducted on various publicly available datasets. The findings suggest that the SPQR algorithm can produce outcomes comparable to those achieved using PCA without altering the original dataset.
Comparison of different CFD approaches for the simulation of developing free surface two-phase flow in straight and bent pipes
Authors: Döß Alexander , Höhne Thomas , Schubert Markus , Hampel Uwe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Two-phase flows in feed pipes of thermal separation columns have complex flow patterns and are difficult to predict during sizing and design for geometries with non-straight pipes. Numerical simulation codes have only been validated for very few pipe geometries. This work benchmarks the state-of-the-art Volume-of-Fluid model (VoF) and the Algebraic Interfacial Area Density model (AIAD) for the simulation of two-phase flows with the Eulerian/Eulerian CFD approach for straight pipes and horizontal bends as well as for different pipe diameters and flow rates. Both models are compared and shortcomings of the predicted velocity fields from AIAD in the vicinity of horizontal bends are highlighted. While phase dynamics, e.g., for wavy or disperse flows, are not well reproduced by either model, the phase distribution patterns in straight tubes and bends agree reasonably well with experimental data. Regardless of the geometry, better void fraction prediction is obtained for higher flow velocities and the larger pipe diameter. From the numerical results, recommendations for the selection of feed inlet devices are derived.
A case study of T-beams with hybrid section shear characteristics of reactive powder concrete
Authors: Atea Rafid Saeed , Aljazaari Rasha A. , Dheyab Hasanain M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As an extension of recent developments in concrete understanding, an extensive study is currently being conducted on the structural performance of reactive powder concrete (RPC). This article guides how to investigate the shear behavior of RPC T-beams and calculate their ultimate and breaking shear capacities. The mechanical features of this construction material and approach to revising the reactive powder shear hybrid segment T-beams are cast-off in this motion and are investigated in this experimental study. To evaluate the effects of volumetric ratio of steel fibers, silica fume ratio, and tensile steel ratio, introductory section on the effectiveness of T-beam shearing reactive powder, the program of experimentation involved trying four beams. The research aimed to determine the deflection conduct of the load, downtime approach, strain amount over the beams’ depth, and failure form of cracks. In examining reaction powder’s mechanical characteristics mixtures, steel fiber volumetric ratio and silica fume volumetric ratio were also studied. Furthermore, a hybrid beam study revealed that by using reactive powder web and regular concrete in flange effectively, T-beam concert is enhanced when associated with normal concrete T-beams by 12%. Hybrid beams have also revealed that using reactive powder flange and usual concrete in a web effectively advances the show of T-beams when associated with standard concrete T-beams by 28%.
Effect of chloride concentration on the corrosion resistance of pure Zn metal in a 0.0626 M H2SO4 solution
Authors: Loto Roland Tolulope 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aftermath of Cl− anion concentration reactions on the corrosion resistance of pure Zn metal in 0.0625 M H2SO4 was examined by potentiodynamic polarization, optical representations, scanning electron image analysis, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, open-circuit potential analysis, X-ray diffractometry, weight loss method and X-ray fluorescence. The results show that the degradation of Zn increased with an increase in the chloride concentration from 4.089 and 0.218 mm/year to 10.085 and 4.015 mm/year (polarization and weight loss). The corrosion potential at 0.0625 M H2SO4 to 0.0625 M H2SO4/0.5% NaCl concentration displayed minimal variation (−1.535 to −1.519 V), whereas a significant shift was observed for the plots at 0.0625 M H2SO4/1% NaCl and 0.0625 M H2SO4/2% NaCl (−1.384 and −0.932 V). The weight loss plot at all Cl− anion concentrations displayed an ordered decrease in the corrosion rate analogous to exposure times. The scanning electron microscopic images of Zn in 0.0625 M H2SO4/2% NaCl solution showed significant deterioration and corrosion pits. The image at 0.0625 M H2SO4 solution revealed limited localized and general surface deterioration, while the corresponding EDX data depict the presence of S. The Zn open-circuit potential plot from a 0.0625 M H2SO4 solution was relatively electropositive compared to the plot from a 0.0625 M H2SO4/2% NaCl solution. Both plots exhibited limited reactive-inert transition properties and attained relative thermodynamic equilibrium after 600 s of exposure with final corrosion potentials of −0.91 and −0.97 V at 7,200 s. Zn was the only crystallographic phase identified on its surface before corrosion, whereas ZnS, ZnFes, ZnMnS, ZnMnFeS, and ZnMg4 corrosion products were identified after corrosion.
On the extremum dissipation for steady state incompressible flow past a sphere at low Reynolds number
Authors: Arya Raj Kumar , Thapliyal Devyani , Thakur Amit K. , Kumar Rahul , Verros George D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A methodology based on sound non-equilibrium thermodynamics principles is developed to estimate the extremum dissipation point for steady-state incompressible flow past a sphere at low Reynolds numbers. It is shown, that the extremum dissipation point appears at the point when both the shear stress and the pressure at the surface of the sphere are equal to zero. The Reynolds number and the position of the extremum dissipation flow past a sphere were further estimated with the aid of a mathematical model for pressure distribution on the sphere surface, accounting for both creeping and ideal flow. The parameters of the model were determined by comparison of the calculated pressure distribution at the surface with the available literature data. The conditions at which the separation angle and the extremum dissipation angle coincide were also investigated. It is believed that this work could be used to further elucidate the flow past a sphere.
Kerr effect based optical switching for the assessment of all-optical sequence generator and decoder circuits
Authors: Singh Lokendra , Agrawal Niteshkumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The sequence generator and decoders are used for noise analysis, signal propagation, data processing, and bit error rate analysis. The semiconductor and modern electronic components are facing challenges in terms of processing speed and data rates. However, by using photons rather than electrons as the information carriers, these difficulties can be reduced. Photonic devices attained the operating speed in the regime of terahertz, but sit back due to the diffraction limit, which can be overcome by employing plasmon-based devices or all-optical devices. This work presents a numerical investigation of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides based two-bit sequence generator (SG) and decoder. The structure of SG and decoder circuits are designed within the footprints of 86 × 9 and 140 × 9 µm, by cascading one power splitter (PS) and four Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), and two PS and five MZI, respectively. To design the MZI, the optimization of the S-bend waveguide, the coupling length of the power splitter, and the length of the interferometric arm are done by recording the output power. The highest extinction ratio of 22.1 dB is attained at the coupling and interferometric arm lengths of 1.5 µm and 5 µm, respectively. The propagation of the optical signal through the structure of SG is observed by using a two-dimensional finite difference time domain method-based tool.
“An Emotional Leap”: Australia’s and New Zealand’s Search for a Post-imperial Belonging
Authors: Jost Sabrina Julia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the 1960s, it became apparent that the seemingly strong ties between Britain and the former settler colonies of Australia and New Zealand were in danger of disintegrating. Britain’s entry into the European Economic Community in the early 1970s was a symbolic end point to their affiliation. Since belonging is closely linked to emotions, this prompted a re-ordering of emotional practices in Australian and New Zealand society. As Britain’s turn to Europe was interpreted by the majority in these countries as an abandonment, Britishness could no longer be the main self-descriptor of identity, and the “British World” no longer the world to live in. Multicultural policies meant a re-evaluation and re-shaping of social coexistence in Australia and New Zealand. Food cultures as cultural heritage were emotionally reinterpreted and appropriated, as they offered new possibilities for identification in the search for a new national identity. The relationship with neighbors in the South Pacific was also placed on a new emotional footing, while the British were excluded via mechanisms of “emotional othering.” These processes of emotional detachment from Britain had direct influences on how Australia and New Zealand positioned themselves in and in relation to the world.
Dietary inflammatory index and neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Nasab Mahsa Golshani , Heidari Arash , Sedighi Mohammadreza , Shakerian Narges , Mirbeyk Mona , Saghazadeh Amene , Rezaei Nima 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are considered a potential threat to mental health. Inflammation predominantly plays a role in the pathophysiology of NPDs. Dietary patterns are widely postulated to be involved in the physiological response to inflammation. This review aims to discuss the literature on how dietary inflammatory index (DII) is related to inflammation and, consequently, NPDs. After comprehensive scrutiny in different databases, the articles that investigated the relation of DII score and various NPDs and psychological circumstances were included. The association between dietary patterns and mental disorders comprising depression, anxiety, and stress proved the role of a proinflammatory diet in these conditions’ exacerbation. Aging is another condition closely associated with DII. The impact of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory diet on sleep quality indicated related disorders like sleep latency and day dysfunctions among the different populations are in relation with the high DII score. The potential effects of genetic backgrounds, dietary patterns, and the gut microbiome on DII are discussed as well. To plan preventive or therapeutic interventions considering the DII, these factors, especially genetic variations, should be considered as there is a growing body of literature indicating the role of personalized medicine in different NPDs. To the best of our knowledge, there is a limited number of RCTs on this subject, so future research should evaluate the causality via RCTs and look for therapeutic interventions with an eye on personalized medicine using information about DII in NPDs.
The Political Accommodation of Islam in Portugal and Ireland: Testing the ‘Convergence Thesis’ in Two Peripheral Cases
Authors: Bernardo Luís 
Published: July 2023

Este artículo compara la acomodación política del Islam en Portugal y en la República de Irlanda desde el término de los años 50. Mucha literatura tiene como foco los sospechos usuales, como Alemania, Francia, Holanda y Gran Bretaña, contextos con comunidades musulmanas de tamaño considerable y establecimiento de considerable duración. Por su turno, no se conoce mucho sobre la institucionalización del Islam en Estados en los cuales la presencia de musulmanes es más reciente y sigue siendo relativamente pequeña. Portugal e Irlanda son dos Estados periféricos, de pequeña dimensión y de matriz católica. Sus populaciones musulmanas representan debajo de 1% de la población total. Los dos casos providencian un teste único a la tesis de Jonathan Laurence sobre la convergencia de los procesos de institucionalización en la Europa Occidental en contextos de diferenciación histórica, política e institucional. Nuestras conclusiones apuntan al hecho que Portugal converge conforme la sugerencia de Laurence, Irlanda no es un caso de convergencia. Lo explicamos recurriendo a dos puntos. Las comunidades musulmanas en Irlanda tienen niveles de diversidad intracomunitaria mayores y eso explica la mayor dificultad de movilización. La posición de la Iglesia Católica Romana es el segundo punto. En Portugal, ese agente institucionalizado tiene un papel de gatekeeper y intermediación mas fuerte que su homólogo irlandés. El proceso de cooptación del Islam es una ilustración. En Irlanda, la Iglesia Católica tiene un papel más ambiguo y no tiene las capacidades ni los recursos para operar como su homóloga portuguesa en el contexto de la institucionalización del Islam en Irlanda.
THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF POTATOES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE DARKENING OF TUBERS PULP
Authors: Gunko S. , Vakuliuk P. , Naumenko О. , Bober А. , Boroday V. , Nasikovskyi V. , Muliar О. 
Published: July 2023

Potato tubers are one of the most widespread and valuable food products in the world. An important component of their nutrients are minerals. Significant part of them is presented in potatoes in the form of mineral salts that are easily soluble in water. The total quantity of minerals in potato tubers is about 0.4–1.9% of the total weight and includes more than 30 elements. The objects of the study were five varieties of potato tubers that according of the length of the growing season belong to two ripeness groups: medium-early (Satina – control, Red Lady, Mozart) and medium-ripe (Aroza – control, Sifra). The quantitative composition of macro- and microelements (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, Ni and Cr), content of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) was determined and influence of some mineral substances (K, Fe and Cu) on the resistance of raw and cooked potato tubers to different types of darkening was assessed. Mineral substances were determining by corpuscule-emission spectrometry with inductively-linked plasma. Potassium had the highest quantity among macronutrients. Its amount changed from 5860 mg in the Sifra variety to 3740 mg in the Satina. Magnesium content was averaged 200 mg, and calcium ranged from 68 mg in Red Lady to 159 mg in Cifra. The main quantity of microelements was represented by aluminum and iron. The content of heavy metals in potato tubers did not exceed the permissible concentrations, and in some cases it was lower: lead was found in the traces quantities, zinc was almost twice less and copper was in five times lower than the maximum permissible concentration. Direct relationship between the amount of potassium and the degree of darkening of cooked tubers was revealed: if its amount in the tubers increased therefore resistance to darkening of potatoe increased too. It was established that iron and copper can also affecting on the processes of darkening in potato tubers, although a clear relationship between their quantity and the depth of these processes was not found. The reason may be the imperfection of the visual method of detecting of degree of darkening and the possible formation of complex compounds with these minerals, as a result of which they become unavailable for the reaction.
MOTIVATION FACTORS OF PERFORMANCE OF PERSONNEL OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: L. D. HARMIDER  , L. A. GONCHAR  
Published: July 2023

Purpose. The work is devoted to the study of the impact of employees' motivation on the performance of their activities. Method. Methods of individual (personal) expert evaluation of interviewing and questioning were used to justify measures to increase the level of employees' performance; Performance Analysis Quadrant (PAQ) has been proposed for use. Results. The methodical approach is based on the use of matrix methods of strategic analysis of employees' performance, which allows to ensure rapid adaptation to external conditions, reduce uncertainty and risk in economic activity and ensure concentration of resources in selected priority directions. Practical significance is the demonstration of the use of matrix methods for the analysis of the effectiveness of personnel of enterprises when the use of only one classical diagnostic method is impossible due to the large number of factors that directly affect the effectiveness of employees and the development of measures to increase the effectiveness of employees of investigated trading enterprises, which depends on the influence of motivational factors.
Velocity-weakening friction as a factor in controlling the frequency-magnitude relation of earthquakes
Authors: Wang Jeen-Hwa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A one-dimensional BK mass-spring model (Burridge and Knopoff, 1967) in the presence of velocity-weakening friction (in a linear form) is applied to dynamically simulate earthquakes. For theoretical analyses, a uniform distribution of the breaking strengths is considered. Results show that for an infinite mass-spring system, three types of the propagation of motion of mass elements can be deduced. The three types of propagation are related to three kinds of velocity-weakening friction, which depend upon the relation among three parameters: (1) the decreasing rate r of the dynamic frictional force with the sliding velocity, (2) the strength L of the leaf spring between the moving plate and a mass element, and (3) the mass m of a mass element. Hence, friction is called subsonic friction when r &gt; 2 (Lm)1/2, sonic friction when r = 2 (Lm)1/2, and supersonic friction when r &lt; 2 (Lm)1/2. In numerical simulations, a fractal distribution of the breaking strengths is considered. The magnitude of an event is defined on the basis of energy. Simulated results show a dependence of the frequency-magnitude (FM) relation on velocity-weakening friction. Velocity-weakening friction with large r or r = ∞ (i.e., classic static/dynamic friction) can produce large-sized events than that with small r. The frequency-magnitude relations for supersonic friction and sonic friction are almost the same, but they are somewhat different from that for subsonic friction. The scaling exponent of the frequency-magnitude relation to some extent decreases as r is increased. The roughness defined as the ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum breaking strengths to the mean of the two quantities is a factor in affecting the frequency-magnitude relation, while the fractal dimension of the distribution of the breaking strengths is a minor one.
Source estimation of finite faults from broadband regional networks
Authors: Song Xi J. , Helmberger Donald V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fast estimation of point-source parameters for earthquakes has progressed much in recent years due to the development of broadband seismic networks. The expansion of these networks now provides the opportunity to investigate second-order effects such as source finiteness for regional and local events on a routine basis. This potential motivates the development of methods to quickly generate synthetic seismograms for finite sources. This is possible when the fault dimension is small compared to the source-receiver distance and when the structure around the source region is relatively simple. To study the directivity for a finite source, we discretize the fault region into a set of elements represented as point sources. We then generate the generalized rays for the best-fitting point-source location and derive for each separate ray the response for neighboring point sources using power series expansions. The response for a finite fault is then a summation over rays and elements. If we sum over elements first, we obtain an effective far-field source-time function for each ray, which is sensitive to the direction of rupture. These far-field source-time functions are convolved with the corresponding rays, and the results are summed to form the total response. A simple application of the above method is demonstrated with the tangential motions observed from the 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake. For this event, we constrain the fault dimension to be about 3 km with rupture toward the west, which is compatible with other more detailed studies.
Moment-tensor summation to derive the active crustal deformation in Japan
Authors: Kiratzi Anastasia A. , Papazachos Constantinos B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The country of Japan and the surrounding area has been divided into 12 seismogenic sources, which belong to five belts with an almost uniform orientation of the stress field. In each one of these sources, the active crustal deformation has been determined, using the summation of the seismic moment tensors of mainly post-1964 earthquakes. The analysis showed that due to the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Eurasian plate, the deformation is expressed as compression at a mean direction of N53°W and an average rate of 1.5 cm/yr. The fault-plane solution corresponding to the summed tensor indicates low-angle thrust faulting with the following parameters: strike 226°, dip 21°, and rake 98°. Along the Sagami trough, dextral strike-slip motion is predominant at an average rate of 6 cm/yr. The summed tensor corresponds to a fault-plane solution with strike 291°, dip 73°, and rake 180°. Along the districts of Fukushima, Tohoku, and the Hokkaido Island, the motion of the Pacific plate toward Eurasia causes compression at a mean direction of N65°W and an average rate of 4 cm/yr. The summed tensor corresponds to a fault-plane solution with strike 199°, dip 18°, and rake 81°, that is, low-angle thrust faulting dipping toward the land. This pattern resembles the Hellenic arc, where the deformation is also taken up by motion on low-angle (18°) thrust faults dipping to the north. In the Tohoku district, the rate of motion reaches a value of 8 cm/yr, which is the highest calculated in the whole Japan area. In the inner part of the Japanese islands (along western Honshu and Niigata), the mean P axis is almost horizontal, trending nearly E-W. In western Honshu, the deformation is mainly expressed as dextral strike-slip motion at an average rate of 5 cm/yr in a N59°E direction. The representative fault-plane solution for this area has strike 240°, dip 81°, and rake 173°. At Niigata, the western coast of Hokkaido, and further north at Okushiri, the deformation is taken up as compression at a mean direction of N96°E at an average rate of 2 cm/yr. The summed tensor corresponds to a fault-plane solution with strike 5°, dip 41°, and rake 90°. The calculated directions and rates of motion along the Japanese islands are in good agreement with the expected values from plate-motion models.