bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms, eHealth Literacy, and Asthma Outcomes in the Context of a Mobile Health Intervention
Authors: Silverstein Gabriella D. , Styke Sarah C. , Kaur Savneet , Singh Anjani , Green Samuel , Jariwala Sunit P. , Feldman Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
The ASTHMAXcel PRO mobile app provides asthma education and collects asthma outcome data. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between health/electronic health literacy (eHealth literacy) and depressive symptoms with app usage and clinical outcomes.

Methods
Adults with persistent asthma were recruited to use the app. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess for depressive symptoms, Asthma Control Test, Mini Asthma Quality of Life (QOL) Questionnaire, and the Newest Vital Sign tool to measure health literacy. Data on a subset of participants were available on eHealth literacy (n = 24) and average number of app logins across 2 months (n = 40).

Results
The total study sample included 96 participants (46% non-Hispanic Black, 44.4% Hispanic). The average participant age was 44.0 (standard deviation = 14.9) years, with 74% identifying as female. Increased depressive symptoms were associated with worse asthma control (β = −0.46, p < .001) and asthma QOL (β = −0.38, p < .001), but not eHealth literacy. Higher eHealth literacy was associated with worse asthma QOL (β = −0.48, p = .02) and more app logins (β = 0.59, p = .04). Newest Vital Sign scores were not associated with any of the other measures.

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms were associated with worse asthma outcomes. eHealth literacy was associated with increased patient engagement with the app and worse asthma QOL, which may reflect patients with worse QOL seeking out health information on the Internet (although directionality could not be assessed). Digital health literacy may be key to increasing patient engagement with mobile health interventions.

Trial Registration: National Clinical Trial No. 03847142, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03847142.
Insulin Resistance and Glycated Hemoglobin in Obesity Are Associated With Preference for Sugar-Sweetened Yogurt: A Pilot Study
Authors: Epstein Leonard H. , Biondolillo Mathew J. , Rizwan Ashfique , Ghanim Husam , Dandona Paresh , Bickel Warren K. , Paluch Rocco A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Insulin resistance is associated with elevated activation of food reward, which should be associated with an increased reinforcing value of food. Research has also shown that sugar is a macronutrient strongly associated with reward and reinforcing value of food. This research is designed to assess whether insulin resistance is associated with a stronger preference for sugar-sweetened, thus elevating blood glucose responses in obese people with varying degrees of insulin resistance.

Methods
Thirteen people with obesity (body mass index, 39.1 kg/m2; range, 30.0–45.1 kg/m2) with varying degrees of insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, 5.2; range, 0.7–11.6) consumed novel flavored-colored yogurts that were sweetened with either sugar or monkfruit daily for 6 days to assess whether when given the choice of sugar-sweetened versus monkfruit-sweetened yogurts to consume, participants preferred sugar-sweetened yogurts.

Results
Participants consumed a greater amount (p = .009) and percentage (p = .04) of sugar-sweetened yogurt earned than monkfruit-sweetened yogurt. The percent of sugar-sweetened versus monkfruit-sweetened yogurt consumed in relationship to amount earned was related to insulin resistance (r = 0.64, p = .019), glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.61, p = .027), insulin (r = 0.58, p = .007), and glucose (r = 0.56, p = .048).

Conclusions
Insulin resistance is associated with preference for sugar-sweetened foods in participants with obesity, which may make it hard to make dietary changes. Research is needed to assess whether treatments that improve insulin resistance also change the preference for sugar-sweetened or high-glycemic-index foods.
Applying a Social Determinants of Health Framework to Guide Digital Innovations that Reduce Disparities in Chronic Disease
Authors: Goldstein Stephanie P. , Tovar Alison , Espel-Huynh Hallie M. , Stowers Kristen Cooksey 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chronic diseases are among the top causes of global death, disability, and healthcare expenditure. Digital health interventions (e.g., patient support delivered via technologies such as smartphones, wearables, videoconferencing, social media, virtual reality) may prevent and mitigate chronic disease by facilitating accessible, personalized care. While these tools have promise to reach historically marginalized groups, who are disproportionately affected by chronic disease, evidence suggests digital health interventions could unintentionally exacerbate health inequities. This commentary outlines opportunities to harness recent advancements in technology and research design to drive equitable digital health intervention development and implementation. We apply “calls to action” from the World Health Organization (WHO) Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) conceptual framework to the development of new, and refinement of existing, digital health interventions that aim to prevent or treat chronic disease by targeting intermediary, social, and/or structural determinants of health. Three mirrored “calls to action” are thus proposed for digital health research: 1) Develop, implement, and evaluate multi-level, context-specific digital health interventions; 2) Engage in intersectoral partnerships to advance digital health equity and social equity more broadly; and 3) Include and empower historically marginalized groups to develop, implement, and access digital health interventions. Using these “action items”, we review several technological and methodological innovations for designing, evaluating, and implementing digital health interventions that have greater potential to reduce health inequities. We also enumerate possible challenges to conducting this work, including leading interdisciplinary collaborations, diversifying the scientific workforce, building trustworthy community relationships, and evolving healthcare and digital infrastructures.
Childhood Social Isolation as a Predictor of Retinal Neuronal Thickness in Middle Age: A Lifecourse Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Barrett-Young Ashleigh , Ambler Antony , Cheyne Kirsten , Guiney Hayley , Kokaua Jesse , Tham Yih Chung , Williams Michael J. A. , Wilson Graham A. , Wong Tien Yin , Poulton Richie 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
We investigated whether childhood social isolation was associated with retinal neural layer changes in adulthood, and whether this association was independent of other childhood or adulthood risk factors, including adult social isolation.

Methods
Participants were members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a longitudinal population-based birth cohort from Aotearoa New Zealand (n = 1037), born 1972 to 1973 and followed until age 45 years, with 94% of the living cohort still participating. Social isolation was recorded prospectively at ages 5, 7, 9, and 11 years, from teacher and parent report. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thicknesses were measured via optical coherence tomography at age 45 years.

Results
Childhood social isolation was associated with thinner average RNFL (B = −0.739, p = .02), nasal RNFL (B = −1.118, p = .005), and inferior RNFL (B = −1.524, p = .007), although only nasal RNFL remained significant after adjustment. These associations were not fully explained by other psychosocial or physical health risk factors in childhood or adulthood, nor were they mediated by adult loneliness or social support.

Conclusions
Childhood social isolation was an independent predictor of RNFL thickness in middle age. Highlighting prospective links between childhood psychosocial adversity and retinal neuronal measures will help to inform future research into the utility of retinal neuronal thickness as a biomarker for neurodegeneration.
Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma With Butterfly-Shaped Muscle Metastasis
Authors: Li Jian , Yang Jinhui , Hu Shuo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare malignancy that may manifest as extraperitoneal metastasis. We describe the findings of 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in a case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with widespread muscle metastasis in a butterfly-shaped distribution pattern. We found that FDG and FAPI uptake in the peritoneal tumor and its spread were inhomogeneous. Notably, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT more clearly showed relevant lesions compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Genomic landscape of virus-associated cancers
Authors: Gomez Karen , Schiavoni Gianluca , Nam Yoonhee , Reynier Jean-Baptiste , Khamnei Cole , Aitken Michael , Palmieri Giuseppe , Cossu Antonio , Levine Arnold , van Noesel Carel , Falini Brunangelo , Pasqualucci Laura , Tiacci Enrico , Rabadan Raul 
Published: February 2023

SummaryIt has been estimated that 15%-20% of human cancers are attributable to infections, mostly by carcinogenic viruses. The incidence varies worldwide, with a majority affecting developing countries. Here, we present a comparative analysis of virus-positive and virus-negative tumors in nine cancers linked to five viruses. We find that virus-positive tumors occur more frequently in males and show geographical disparities in incidence. Genomic analysis of 1,658 tumors reveals virus-positive tumors exhibit distinct mutation signatures and driver gene mutations and possess a lower somatic mutation burden compared to virus-negative tumors of the same cancer type. For example, compared to the respective virus-negative counterparts, virus-positive cases across different cancer histologies had less often mutations ofTP53and deletions of 9p21.3/CDKN2A-CDKN1A; Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) gastric cancer had more frequent mutations ofEIF4A1andARID1Aand less marked mismatch repair deficiency signatures; and EBV-positive cHL had fewer somatic genetic lesions of JAK-STAT, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT and HLA-I genes and a less pronounced activity of the aberrant somatic hypermutation signature. In cHL, we also identify germline homozygosity in HLA class I as a potential risk factor for the development of EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma. Finally, an analysis of clinical trials of PD-(L)1 inhibitors in four virus-associated cancers suggested an association of viral infection with higher response rate in patients receiving such treatments, which was particularly evident in gastric cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. These results illustrate the epidemiological, genetic, prognostic, and therapeutic trends across virus-associated malignancies.
Vaccine waning and immune escape drive the second surge of Omicron spread in Hong Kong: A modeling study
Authors: Zou Yuling , Lo Wing-Cheong , Ming Wai-Kit , Yuan Hsiang-Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Omicron subvariant BA.2 caused the start of the fifth epidemic wave in Hong Kong in early 2022, leading to a significant outbreak and triggering more people get immunized in a population with relatively low vaccine coverage. About half a year later, a second outbreak, largely dominated by BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants, began to spread, which peaked within few months. How the waning of the vaccine protection and the immune escape properties together with other factors, including social distancing and outdoor temperature, drove the second surge of infections is unknown. The challenge is that basic epidemic modeling is not able to capture longitudinal change in vaccine waning and dose interval. We developed mathematical equations to formulate continuous change of vaccine waning after observing empirical serological data and incorporate them into a multi-strain discrete-time SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed) model. Using the reported cases during the first outbreak as the training set together with daily vaccination rates, population mobility and temperature, the model successfully predicted the second surge and the replacement by BA.4/5, leading to a cumulative number of cases about 543,600 (7.27% of total population). If vaccine protection maintained without decreasing, the number of predicted cumulative cases reduced 35%. If perfect vaccine coverage reached (100%) by 1stJune, the number of cases was only partially reduced 18.65%. Moderate level of social distancing (10% reduction in population mobility) reduced only 13.78% cases, which was not able to prevent the second surge. The results suggest future local outbreaks will remain as long as new immune escape happens with waning immunity, even if the moderate level of social distancing is present. Therefore, a more accurate model forecasting considering waning immunity remains needed in order to allow a better preparation of the next outbreaks.
Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer: time-dependent changes in risk of progression
Authors: Takamatsu Shiro , Nakai Hidekatsu , Yamaguchi Ken , Hamanishi Junzo , Mandai Masaki , Matsumura Noriomi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBevacizumab has been used in the first-line and recurrent treatment of ovarian cancer. However, the time-dependent changes in the effects of bevacizumab administration are not fully understood.MethodsThe ICON7-A cohort was generated from two ancillary analyses of the ICON7 trial. ICON7-A tumors were classified as homologous recombination deficient (HRD) or non-HRD based on their gene expression profiles. Kaplan-Meier curves from published phase III trials were graphically analyzed to examine changes in the risk of progression over time between groups.ResultsIn the ICON7-A cohort, the risk of progression in the bevacizumab group (Bev+) compared to the control group (Bev-) was lowest at 6 months. Thereafter, the risk in Bev+ gradually increased and became higher than in Bev-after discontinuation of bevacizumab at 12 months, showing a “rebound effect”. Restricted mean survival analysis showed that Bev+ had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) than Bev-before bevacizumab discontinuation, but had significantly worse PFS after bevacizumab discontinuation. The rebound effect was observed both in HRD and non-HRD tumors of the serous subtype, but not in the non-serous subtype. In Kaplan-Meier curve image-based analysis, time-dependent changes in the risk of progression, including rebound effects, were replicated in the overall ICON7 and GOG-0218 cohorts and in their subgroups stratified by prognostic factors, presence of HR-associated mutations and chemotherapy sensitivity. In contrast, no rebound effect was observed in the studies GOG-0213, OCEANS, AURERIA and MITO16B, in which relapsed patients received bevacizumab until progression.ConclusionIn ovarian cancer, bevacizumab reduces progression for approximately one year after initiation, but discontinuation may increase subsequent progression in the serous subtype regardless of HRD status. The results suggest that in the first-line treatment of ovarian cancer, bevacizumab is more beneficial in patients with a short expected survival who are unlikely to be affected by the rebound effect.
Service Availability and Readiness for Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care: Analysis from Nepal Health Facility Survey 2021
Authors: Pandey Achyut Raj , Adhikari Bikram , Lamichhane Bipul , Joshi Deepak , Regmi Shophika , Lal Bibek Kumar , Dahal Sagar , Baral Sushil Chandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there has been significant improvement in maternal and newborn health, Nepal needs further acceleration in improving access to and coverage of services to achieve Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. In this context, we aimed to analyze availability and readiness for Basic Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (BEmONC) services in Nepal using data from Nepal Health Facility Survey (NHFS), 2021.MethodsWe analyzed nationally representative NHFS, 2021 data to determine availability and readiness of HFs for BEmONC services based on the “Service Availability and Readiness” manual of World Health Organizations. We performed weighted descriptive and inferential analysis to account complex survey design of NHFS 2021. We summarized continuous variables with mean, standard deviation, median and interquartile range whereas categorical variables with percent and 95% confidence interval (CI). We applied simple, and multiple linear regression to determine factors associated with readiness of HFs for BEmONC services.ResultsThe proportion of facilities with all BEmONC signal function available was 2.49% at the national level with Madhesh having the highest (5.22%) while Gandaki having the lowest (1.22%) availability. BEmONC service availability was relatively lower in rural setting and peripheral facilities. The overall readiness score for BEmONC services is 54.14, with domains of guidelines/staff, equipment/supplies, and medicines/commodities having scores of 21.16, 76.76, and 64.50 respectively. In multivariable analysis, level of facilities, province, urban rural setting, ecological belt, presence of external supervision, 24-hour duty schedule and number of beds were found to have statistically significant association with BEmONC service readiness.ConclusionThe readiness of HFs for BEmONC services in Nepal is relatively poor and can be improved by increasing service provision, expanding service hours to 24-hours a day, increasing availability of essential medicines and equipment, enhanced monitoring, and conducting periodic review of maternal and newborn deaths at HFs.
Whole-brain structural connectome asymmetry in autism
Authors: Yoo Seulki , Jang Yurim , Hong Seok-Jun , Park Hyunjin , Valk Sofie L. , Bernhardt Boris C. , Park Bo-yong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder is a common neurodevelopmental condition that manifests as a disruption in sensory and social skills. Although it has been shown that the brain morphology of individuals with autism is asymmetric, how this differentially affects the structural connectome organization of each hemisphere remains under-investigated. We studied whole-brain structural connectivity-based brain asymmetry in 47 individuals with autism and 37 healthy controls using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange initiative. By leveraging dimensionality reduction techniques, we constructed low-dimensional representations of structural connectivity and calculated their asymmetry index. We compared the asymmetry index between individuals with autism and neurotypical controls and found atypical structural connectome asymmetry in the sensory, default-mode, and limbic networks and the caudate in autism. Network communication provided topological underpinnings by demonstrating that the temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal regions showed reduced global network communication efficiency and decreased send-receive network navigation in the caudate region in individuals with autism. Finally, supervised machine learning revealed that structural connectome asymmetry is associated with communication-related autistic symptoms and nonverbal intelligence. Our findings provide insights into macroscale structural connectome alterations in autism and their topological underpinnings.
Estimates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in Germany before the 2022/2023 winter season - the IMMUNEBRIDGE project
Authors: Lange Berit , Jaeger Veronika K , Harries Manuela , Rücker Viktoria , Streeck Hendrik , Blaschke Sabine , Petersmann Astrid , Toepfner Nicole , Nauck Matthias , Hassenstein Max J , Dreier Maren , Von Holt Isabell , Budde Axel , Bartz Antonia , Ortmann Julia , Kurosinski Marc-André , Berner Reinhard , Borsche Max , Brandhorst Gunnar , Brinkmann Melanie , Budde Kathrin , Deckena Marek , Engels Geraldine , Fenzlaff Marc , Härtel Christoph , Hovardovska Olga , Katalinic Alexander , Kehl Katja , Kohls Mirjam , Krüger Stefan , Lieb Wolfgang , Meyer-Schlinkmann Kristin M , Pischon Tobias , Rosenkranz Daniel , Rübsamen Nicole , Rupp Jan , Schäfer Christian , Schattschneider Mario , Schlegtendal Anne , Schlinkert Simon , Schmidbauer Lena , Schulze-Wundling Kai , Störk Stefan , Tiemann Carsten , Völzke Henry , Winter Theresa , Klein Christine , Liese Johannes , Brinkmann Folke , Ottensmeyer Patrick F , Reese Jens-Peter , Heuschmann Peter , Karch André 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the need to generate valid and reliable estimates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe course of COVID-19 for the German population in summer 2022, there was a lack of systematically collected population-based data allowing for the assessment of the protection level in real-time.In the IMMUNEBRIDGE project, we harmonised data and biosamples for nine population-/hospital-based studies (total number of participants n=33,637) to provide estimates for protection levels against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 between June and November 2022. Based on evidence synthesis, we formed a combined endpoint of protection levels based on the number of self-reported infections/vaccinations in combination with nucleocapsid/spike antibody responses (“confirmed exposures”). Four confirmed exposures represented the highest protection level, and no exposure represented the lowest.Most participants were seropositive against the spike antigen; 37% of the participants ≥79 years had less than four confirmed exposures (highest level of protection) and 5% less than three. In the subgroup of participants with comorbidities, 46-56% had less than four confirmed exposures. We found major heterogeneity across federal states, with 4%-28% of participants having less than three confirmed exposures.Using serological analyses, literature synthesis and infection dynamics during the survey period, we observed moderate to high levels of protection against severe COVID-19, whereas the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection was low across all age groups. We found relevant protection gaps in the oldest age group and amongst individuals with comorbidities, indicating a need for additional protective measures in these groups.
Social Determinants of Health Data Quality at Different Levels of Geographic Detail
Authors: Greer Melody L. , Garza Maryam Y. , Sample Steve , Bhattacharyya Sudeepa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial determinants of health (SDOH) impact 80% of health outcomes from acute to chronic disorders, and attempts are underway to provide these data elements to clinicians. It is, however, difficult to collect SDOH data through (1) surveys, which provide inconsistent and incomplete data, or (2) aggregates at the neighborhood level. Data from these sources is not sufficiently accurate, complete, and up-to-date. To demonstrate this, we have compared the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) to purchased commercial consumer data at the individual-household level. The ADI is composed of income, education, employment, and housing quality information. Although this index does a good job of representing populations, it is not adequate to describe individuals, especially in a healthcare context. Aggregate measures are, by definition, not sufficiently granular to describe each individual within the population they represent and may result in biased or imprecise data when simply assigned to the individual. Moreover, this problem is generalizable to any community-level element, not just ADI, in so far as they are an aggregate of the individual community members.