bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and incidence of comorbid diseases and mortality risk associated with lichen planopilaris: a Korean nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lim Sung Ha , Kang Hyun , Heo Yeon-Woo , Lee Won-Soo , Lee Solam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Various comorbid diseases have been reported in patients with lichen planopilaris (LPP); however, data regarding the risks of incident diseases and mortality are lacking.

Objectives
To investigate the risks of incident diseases and mortality associated with LPP.

Methods
This was a retrospective nationwide population-based study, using data from the National Health Insurance Service Database of Korea from 2002 to 2019. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with three or more documented medical visits for LPP were included. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for incident disease outcomes and mortality were compared with 1 : 20 age-, sex-, insurance type- and income-level-matched controls.

Results
In total, 2026 patients with LPP and 40 520 controls were analysed. The risks of incident systemic lupus erythematosus [aHR 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–3.03], psoriasis (aHR 3.42, 95% CI 2.83–4.14), rheumatoid arthritis (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.19–1.63), lichen planus (aHR, 10.07, 95% CI 7.17–14.15), atopic dermatitis (aHR 2.15, 95% CI 1.90–2.44), allergic rhinitis (aHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13–1.49), thyroid diseases (hyperthyroidism: aHR 1.42, 95% CI 1.14–1.77, hypothyroidism aHR 1.19 95% CI 1.01–1.41, and thyroiditis: aHR, 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.69), nonmelanoma skin cancer (aHR 2.33, 95% CI 1.00–5.44) and vitamin D deficiency (aHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03–1.47) were higher in patients with LPP. Patients with LPP had a higher mortality rate than controls (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04–1.61), although the risk was not significant after adjusting for comorbidities (aHR 1.08, 95% CI 0.87–1.34).

Conclusions
Patients with LPP had a higher risk of various diseases following LPP diagnosis. Close follow-up is needed to optimize comprehensive patient care.
Insula-cingulate structural and functional connectivity: an ultra-high field MRI study
Authors: Cormie Matthew A , Kaya Batu , Hadjis Georgia E , Mouseli Pedram , Moayedi Massieh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The insula and the cingulate are key brain regions with many heterogenous functions. Both regions are consistently shown to play integral roles in the processing of affective, cognitive, and interoceptive stimuli. The anterior insula (aINS) and the anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC) are two key hubs of the salience network (SN). Beyond the aINS and aMCC, previous 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging studies have suggested both structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) between other insular and cingulate subregions. Here, we investigate the SC and FC between insula and cingulate subregions using ultra-high field 7T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). DTI revealed strong SC between posterior INS (pINS) and posterior MCC (pMCC), and rs-fMRI revealed strong FC between the aINS and aMCC that was not supported by SC, indicating the likelihood of a mediating structure. Finally, the insular pole had the strongest SC to all cingulate subregions, with a slight preference for the pMCC, indicative of a potential relay node of the insula. Together these finding shed new light on the understanding of insula-cingulate functioning, both within the SN and other cortical processes, through a lens of its SC and FC.
Preserving the Future of Infectious Diseases: Why We Must Address the Decline in Compensation for Clinicians and Researchers
Authors: Swartz Talia H , Aberg Judith A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Infectious diseases (ID) physicians play a pivotal role in patient care and public health, yet concerns are mounting about their under-compensation compared with other medical specialties. This trend sees ID physicians, including new graduates, receiving lower remuneration than their general and hospital medicine peers, despite their significant contributions. The persistent disparity in compensation has been identified as a key factor behind the declining interest in the ID specialty among medical students and residents, potentially threatening patient care quality, research advancement, and diversity within the ID workforce. This viewpoint underscores the urgent need for the ID community to rally behind the Infectious Diseases Society of America in advocating for fair compensation for ID physicians and researchers. While focusing on wellness and work–life balance is vital, it is critical to address compensation, a significant source of distress for physicians. Failure to confront the issue of under-compensation promptly may jeopardize the future growth and sustainability of the ID specialty.
Lessons From COVID-19 for Pandemic Preparedness: Proceedings From a Multistakeholder Think Tank
Authors: Narayanasamy Shanti , Curtis Lesley H , Hernandez Adrian F , Woods Christopher W , Moody M Anthony , Sulkowski Mark , Turbett Sarah E , Baden Lindsey R , Gulick Roy M , Pau Alice K , Adam Stacey J , Marks Peter , Stockbridge Norman L , Dobbins John R , Krofah Esther , Leav Brett , Pang Phil , Roessig Lothar , Vedin Ola , Waldstreicher Joanne , Berman Stacey Cromer , Cremisi Henry , Schofield Lesley , Gandhi Rajesh T , Naggie Susanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present global challenges, sufficient time has passed to reflect on lessons learned and use those insights to inform policy and approaches to prepare for the next pandemic. In May 2022, the Duke Clinical Research Institute convened a think tank with thought leaders from academia, clinical practice, the pharmaceutical industry, patient advocacy, the National Institutes of Health, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to share, firsthand, expert knowledge of the insights gained from the COVID-19 pandemic and how this acquired knowledge can help inform the next pandemic response. The think tank focused on pandemic preparedness, therapeutics, vaccines, and challenges related to clinical trial design and scale-up during the early phase of a pandemic. Based on the multi-faceted discussions, we outline 10 key steps to an improved and equitable pandemic response.
Ethnicity, consanguinity, and genetic architecture of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Allouba Mona , Walsh Roddy , Afify Alaa , Hosny Mohammed , Halawa Sarah , Galal Aya , Fathy Mariam , Theotokis Pantazis I , Boraey Ahmed , Ellithy Amany , Buchan Rachel , Govind Risha , Whiffin Nicola , Anwer Shehab , ElGuindy Ahmed , Ware James S , Barton Paul J R , Yacoub Magdi , Aguib Yasmine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity that is partly explained by the diversity of genetic variants contributing to disease. Accurate interpretation of these variants constitutes a major challenge for diagnosis and implementing precision medicine, especially in understudied populations. The aim is to define the genetic architecture of HCM in North African cohorts with high consanguinity using ancestry-matched cases and controls.

Methods and results
Prospective Egyptian patients (n = 514) and controls (n = 400) underwent clinical phenotyping and genetic testing. Rare variants in 13 validated HCM genes were classified according to standard clinical guidelines and compared with a prospective HCM cohort of majority European ancestry (n = 684). A higher prevalence of homozygous variants was observed in Egyptian patients (4.1% vs. 0.1%, P = 2 × 10−7), with variants in the minor HCM genes MYL2, MYL3, and CSRP3 more likely to present in homozygosity than the major genes, suggesting these variants are less penetrant in heterozygosity. Biallelic variants in the recessive HCM gene TRIM63 were detected in 2.1% of patients (five-fold greater than European patients), highlighting the importance of recessive inheritance in consanguineous populations. Finally, rare variants in Egyptian HCM patients were less likely to be classified as (likely) pathogenic compared with Europeans (40.8% vs. 61.6%, P = 1.6 × 10−5) due to the underrepresentation of Middle Eastern populations in current reference resources. This proportion increased to 53.3% after incorporating methods that leverage new ancestry-matched controls presented here.

Conclusion
Studying consanguineous populations reveals novel insights with relevance to genetic testing and our understanding of the genetic architecture of HCM.
Oral Self-Care, Pneumococcal Vaccination, and Pneumonia Among Japanese Older People, Assessed With Machine Learning
Authors: Inoue Yuko , Cooray Upul , Ishimaru Miho , Saito Kousuke , Takeuchi Kenji , Kondo Katsunori , Aida Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is a particularly serious burden in older people, as they tend to have a weakened immune response. Identifying the role of oral self-care and pneumococcal vaccination in healthy, independent older people can aid pneumonia prevention among them. This study investigated the associations between oral self-care, pneumococcal vaccination, and pneumonia experience among independent older people.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. We used machine learning to examine the association between oral self-care and the experience of pneumonia over the previous year, stratified by pneumococcal vaccination. The covariates were sex, age, years of education, equivalent annual income, medical history of stroke, oral health status (choking, dryness, number of teeth), and smoking status. The analysis included 17 217 independent older people aged 65 and over.

Results
The prevalence of pneumonia experienced among those who brushed their teeth once or less per day was 4.5% and 5.3% for those with and those without pneumococcal vaccinations, respectively. In the unvaccinated group, the odds ratio of pneumonia experience for those who brushed their teeth once or less a day was 1.57 (95% confidence interval: 1.15–2.14) compared to those who brushed their teeth 3 or more times a day. By contrast, there was no significant association between the frequency of toothbrushing and the experience of pneumonia among people who received pneumococcal vaccination.

Conclusions
Oral care influenced the experience of pneumonia among independent older people who did not receive pneumococcal vaccination.
A RE-AIM framework analysis of a sports club health promotion MOOC: the PROSCeSS MOOC
Authors: Tézier Benjamin , Lucas Quitterie , Johnson Stacey , Vuillemin Anne , Lemonnier Fabienne , Rostan Florence , Guillemin Francis , Van Hoye Aurélie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Acquisition of health promotion (HP) skills and knowledge is essential for interventions development in this field. In sports clubs (SC), little HP training exists even though it was requested by SC actors. In response, the PROSCeSS (PROmotion de la Santé au sein du Clubs SportifS) MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) was developed to support actors of HP in the SC in the development of HP interventions. The present study evaluates the MOOC’s effectiveness and learning process. The RE-AIM framework, measuring reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance was used to structure this study. Surveys were sent before and after the MOOC to the 2814 learners. Among the 502 (18%) respondents to the pre-survey, 80% reported belonging to a SC as a coach (35%) or manager (25%). The 14% of pre-survey respondents who completed the post-survey increased their HP knowledge score by 42% and their confidence to implement HP actions by 6%. Results present the strategies considered most important and feasible by the learners and the main barriers to the implementation of HP actions in the SC. This study shows that MOOC appears to be an appealing (93% of learners were satisfied) and effective solution (as long as it is followed) to develop HP knowledge and skills of SC actors in HP, meeting their needs and constraints. Although improvements should be made (especially in terms of promoting adoption), this type of educational format should be encouraged to support the HP potential of SC.
Teaching Australian high school students to think critically about health claims: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Cusack L , Jones M , Desha L , Hoffmann T C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Making informed health decisions requires knowledge and skills in appraising health claims, and teaching adolescents these skills may prepare them for future decision-making. This cluster randomized trial evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention on students’ ability to identify and appraise health claims. Nine Australian high schools (4 control and 5 intervention) were recruited, comprising 974 students (382 control and 592 intervention) in Grades 7–10. Intervention impact was evaluated through baseline and follow-up evaluation. Follow-up mean scores on questions (maximum score of 25) from the Claim Evaluation Tools database (primary outcome) showed minimal between-group difference (intervention versus control: 14.4 versus 13.6; difference 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.6 to 3.1; P = 0.52). Change scores were only slightly higher in the intervention group (difference 1.2 [95% CI −0.7 to 3.1; P = 0.21]). Between-group differences for secondary outcomes were also minimal. Most intervention group students ‘trusted’ and ‘liked’ the programme and found the content ‘easy’ and ‘helpful’. Most teacher feedback was positive, some noting challenges of covering content in allocated time and maintaining student engagement. It is unlikely that the assessed educational intervention had a large effect. Future research priorities are suggested.
Chilling stress drives organ-specific transcriptional cascades and dampens diurnal oscillation in tomato
Authors: Agarwal Tina , Wang Xiaojin , Mildenhall Frederick , Ibrahim Iskander M , Puthiyaveetil Sujith , Varala Kranthi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Improving chilling tolerance in cold-sensitive crops, e.g. tomato, requires knowledge of the early molecular response to low temperature in these under-studied species. To elucidate early responding processes and regulators, we captured the transcriptional response at 30 minutes and 3 hours in the shoots and at 3 hours in the roots of tomato post-chilling from 24°C to 4°C. We used a pre-treatment control and a concurrent ambient temperature control to reveal that majority of the differential expression between cold and ambient conditions is due to severely compressed oscillation of a large set of diurnally regulated genes in both the shoots and roots. This compression happens within 30 minutes of chilling, lasts for the duration of cold treatment, and is relieved within 3 hours of return to ambient temperatures. Our study also shows that the canonical ICE1/CAMTA-to-CBF cold response pathway is active in the shoots, but not in the roots. Chilling stress induces synthesis of known cryoprotectants (trehalose and polyamines), in a CBF-independent manner, and induction of multiple genes encoding proteins of photosystems I and II. This study provides nuanced insights into the organ-specific response in a chilling sensitive plant, as well as the genes influenced by an interaction of chilling response and the circadian clock.
Gender as a cause of violent conflict
Authors: Prügl Elisabeth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The article argues that gender can be understood to cause violent conflict, although the literatures on civil war and conflict transformation are largely silent on the matter. The problem is an understanding of causation as explaining regularities, which fails to grasp how gender, in intersection with other markers of difference, is productive and performative. Building on philosophical realism, the article introduces the concept of social mechanisms and reformulates it to become compatible with constructivist and poststructuralist theorizing. It develops the notion of ‘intersectionally-gendered mechanisms’ to bring into view the productive force of gender and proposes that gender, in intersection with other axes of differentiation, operates as a causal driver of violent conflicts. It suggests a pragmatist approach that understands causes as the reasons people provide for why things are happening, which connects to feminist methodologies that are committed to change and to understanding the world from situated contexts. Drawing on existing feminist literature it then identifies three exemplary intersectionally-gendered mechanisms driving conflict dynamics: masculinist protection, masculinist competition, and mobilization for survival. It concludes by drawing out the implications of this approach for mainstreaming gender into peacebuilding and conflict prevention.
Lithium-ion battery smoothing power fluctuation strategy for DC microgrid
Authors: Cheng Jingjing , Zhou Minglong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Microgrids containing renewable energy, energy storage systems and loads have been widely used because of their advantages of environmental friendliness. The role of the energy storage system is to balance the power fluctuation of renewable energy and load and maintain the stability of the power of the microgrid. At present, a large number of studies point out that the use of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) composed of hybrid energy storage system has better performance. In this paper, we use high-capacity lithium-ion batteries instead of SCs to smooth the microgrid power fluctuations: when the microgrid power fluctuations are small, low-capacity lithium-ion batteries will be alone to smooth the power fluctuations; when the microgrid power fluctuations are medium, low-capacity and high-capacity batteries will be decomposed by wavelet packets to suppress power fluctuations; and when the microgrid power fluctuations are large, high-capacity batteries will smooth out power fluctuations on their own. The contribution of this paper is that we use high-capacity lithium-ion batteries instead of SCs because SCs are very expensive and their features are very small. The effect of the strategy proposed in this paper is verified by simulation. The battery can quickly stabilize the sudden increase in bus fluctuations; if the actual situation is considered, the time will be shorter.
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Regimen Selection of Ad26.RSV.preF–Based Vaccine Combinations: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2a Study
Authors: Comeaux Christy A , Bart Stephan , Bastian Arangassery Rosemary , Klyashtornyy Vladislav , De Paepe Els , Omoruyi Edmund , van der Fits Leslie , van Heesbeen Roy , Heijnen Esther , Callendret Benoit , Sadoff Jerald 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Ad26.RSV.preF is an adenovirus serotype 26 vector–based respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine encoding a prefusion conformation-stabilized RSV fusion protein (preF) that demonstrated robust humoral and cellular immunogenicity and showed promising efficacy in a human challenge study in younger adults. Addition of recombinant RSV preF protein might enhance RSV-specific humoral immune responses, especially in older populations.

Methods
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a study compared the safety and immunogenicity of Ad26.RSV.preF alone and varying doses of Ad26.RSV.preF–RSV preF protein combinations in adults aged ≥60 years. This report includes data from cohort 1 (initial safety, n = 64) and cohort 2 (regimen selection, n = 288). Primary immunogenicity and safety analyses were performed 28 days postvaccination (cohort 2) for regimen selection.

Results
All vaccine regimens were well tolerated, with similar reactogenicity profiles among them. Combination regimens induced greater humoral immune responses (virus-neutralizing and preF-specific binding antibodies) and similar cellular ones (RSV-F–specific T cells) as compared with Ad26.RSV.preF alone. Vaccine-induced immune responses remained above baseline up to 1.5 years postvaccination.

Conclusions
All Ad26.RSV.preF–based regimens were well tolerated. A combination regimen comprising Ad26.RSV.preF, which elicits strong humoral and cellular responses, and RSV preF protein, which increases humoral responses, was selected for further development.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03502707.
A simple computerized Arduino-based control system for insect rotary flight mills
Authors: Casey Miles T , Machtley Scott A , Merten Paul V , Hagler James R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Flight mills are widely used to investigate insect flight behavior. As technology advances, the means to build a computerized control system for a flight mill has become more accessible in terms of both price and availability of components. However, the specialized electronics and programming knowledge required to build such a system can still present an obstacle to interested parties. Here, we describe a simple and inexpensive flight mill control system that can be easily assembled and operated without specialized experience. The hardware and software components are built around an Arduino single-board microcontroller, which outputs raw data in the form of timestamped detections of rotations of the flight mill arm. This control system is suitable both as the basis for new flight mills and for replacing outdated computer controls on existing flight mills. Additionally, it can be used with any rotary flight mill design that uses an electronic sensor to count rotations.
Counts, incidence rates, and trends of pediatric cancer in the United States, 2003-2019
Authors: Siegel David A , King Jessica B , Lupo Philip J , Durbin Eric B , Tai Eric , Mills Kathi , Van Dyne Elizabeth , Buchanan Lunsford Natasha , Henley S Jane , Wilson Reda J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer is a leading cause of death by disease among children and adolescents in the United States. This study updates cancer incidence rates and trends using the most recent and comprehensive US cancer registry data available.

Methods
We used data from US Cancer Statistics to evaluate counts, age-adjusted incidence rates, and trends among children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age diagnosed with malignant tumors between 2003 and 2019. We calculated the average annual percent change (APC) and APC using joinpoint regression. Rates and trends were stratified by demographic and geographic characteristics and by cancer type.

Results
With 248 749 cases reported between 2003 and 2019, the overall cancer incidence rate was 178.3 per 1 million; incidence rates were highest for leukemia (46.6), central nervous system neoplasms (30.8), and lymphoma (27.3). Rates were highest for males, children 0 to 4 years of age, Non-Hispanic White children and adolescents, those in the Northeast census region, the top 25% of counties by economic status, and metropolitan counties with a population of 1 million people or more. Although the overall incidence rate of pediatric cancer increased 0.5% per year on average between 2003 and 2019, the rate increased between 2003 and 2016 (APC = 1.1%), and then decreased between 2016 and 2019 (APC = –2.1%). Between 2003 and 2019, rates of leukemia, lymphoma, hepatic tumors, bone tumors, and thyroid carcinomas increased, while melanoma rates decreased. Rates of central nervous system neoplasms increased until 2017, and then decreased. Rates of other cancer types remained stable.

Conclusions
Incidence of pediatric cancer increased overall, although increases were limited to certain cancer types. These findings may guide future public health and research priorities.