bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews for rehabilitation interventions in individuals with cerebral palsy: A mapping synthesis
Authors: Liguori Sara , Young Vanessa M. , Arienti Chiara , Pollini Elisa , Patrini Michele , Gimigliano Francesca , Negrini Stefano , Kiekens Carlotte 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis overview of Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) reports on current evidence on the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and the quality of the evidence.MethodFollowing the inclusion criteria defined by the World Health Organization, all CSRs tagged in the Cochrane Rehabilitation database that were relevant for individuals with CP were included. A mapping synthesis was used to group outcomes and comparisons of included CSRs indicating the effect of rehabilitation interventions and the certainty of evidence.ResultsA total of eight CSRs were included in the evidence map. The effect of interventions varied across comparisons and the certainty of evidence was inconsistent, ranging from high to very low. The best evidence was found for botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) combined with occupational therapy in the management of spasticity. However, the effect of BoNT‐A on drooling and salivation remains unclear. A paucity of randomized controlled trials studying treatments for both dystonia and postural deformities was noted.InterpretationThis review emphasizes the need to further investigate the effectiveness and cost–benefit of rehabilitation interventions for individuals with CP.What this paper adds

The quality and quantity of evidence on rehabilitation interventions for cerebral palsy is limited worldwide.

Botulinum neurotoxin A plus occupational therapy showed robust efficacy for the management of upper‐limb spasticity.

Evidence on sleep‐positioning systems for hip migration and trihexyphenidyl for dystonia is scarce.
Bioactive metabolites from autochthonous lactic acid bacteria inhibit the growth of Melissococcus plutonius, causal agent of European foulbrood disease in honey bees
Authors: Mojgani Naheed , Bagheri Masoumeh , Moharrami Mojtaba , Toutiaee Samira , Rousta Hosein Modir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEuropean foulbrood (EFB), a serious disease affecting honey bee larvae, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is caused by the Gram‐positive bacterium Melissococcus plutonius corrig. (ex White) Bailey & Collins. In this in‐vitro study, we evaluated the inhibitory potential of microbial metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), isolated from the honey bee gut, against M. plutonius. Several LAB species were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Their filtered cell‐free supernatant (CFS) fluids were evaluated individually and in combination against growth and survival of three concentrations of M. plutonius (104–106 colony‐forming units mL−1), for various time intervals (24–96 h), in agar‐well diffusion and broth micro‐dilution assays. We also assessed whether the bioactive metabolites from selected LAB isolates consisted of acids, bacteriocins, and/or hydrogen peroxide, and quantified the presence of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA; i.e., acetic, butyric, lactic, and propionic acid) by means of high‐performance liquid chromatography. Six LAB isolates inhibited M. plutonius growth: Lactobacillus acidophilus (Moro) Hansen & Mocquot, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (Hansen) Zheng et al., Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Orla‐Jensen) Zheng et al. (two isolates), Lactobacillus apis Killer et al., and Pediococcus acidilactici Lindner. The inhibitory effects on M. plutonius were larger at the lowest than at the highest M. plutonius concentration, and P. acidilactici showed the strongest antibacterial activity. Exposure to a mixture of CFS fluids of the four most potent isolates could reduce M. plutonius survival to 0% within 96 h. The antagonistic activity in the CFS of L. rhamnosus and L. apis appeared to be related to the presence of acids, whereas the antagonistic activity in L. plantarum and P. acidilactici appeared to be related to the presence of bacteriocins or bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Hydrogen peroxide did not seem to play a role. Total SCFA levels were highest in L. rhamnosus CFS fluid. These results can serve as a basis for in vivo studies on the use of LAB isolates as potential biocontrol agents against EFB in honey bees.
A cerebellar degeneration‐related protein 2‐like cell‐based assay for anti‐Yo detection in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Authors: Erikstad Kjell Inge , Herdlevær Ida , Peter Elise , Haugen Mette , Totland Cecilie , Vedeler Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeCommercially available tests for Yo antibody detection have low specificity for paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) because these assays use cerebellar degeneration‐related protein 2 (CDR2) as the antigen, not CDR2‐like (CDR2L). We aimed to test the hypothesis that use of a CDR2L cell‐based assay (CBA), as an additional screening technique, would increase the accuracy of Yo‐PCD diagnosis.MethodsAn in‐house CBA to test for anti‐CDR2L antibodies was developed and used to screen sera from 48 patients with confirmed anti‐Yo‐associated PCD. Fifteen non‐Yo PCD patients, 22 patients with ovarian cancer without neurological syndromes, 50 healthy blood donors, 10 multiple sclerosis, 15 Parkinson's disease, and five non‐paraneoplastic ataxic patients were included as controls. Sera were also tested by western blot analysis using recombinant CDR2 and CDR2L proteins developed in house, by the commercially available line immunoassays from Ravo Diagnostika and Euroimmun, and by the CDR2 CBA from Euroimmun.ResultsThe CDR2L CBA identified all 48 patients with Yo‐PCD. No CDR2L CBA reaction was observed in any of the control sera. The western blot technique had lower sensitivity and specificity as sera from eight and six of the 48 Yo‐PCD patients did not react with recombinant CDR2 or CDR2L, respectively.ConclusionsThe CDR2L CBA is highly reliable for identification of Yo‐PCD. Although our findings indicate that, currently, the combination of CDR2 and CDR2L yields the most reliable test results, it remains to be evaluated if a test for single anti‐CDR2L positivity will serve as a sufficient biomarker for Yo‐PCD diagnosis.
Undefined xylose media extracted from biorefinery waste for enhanced and eco‐friendly production of cephalosporin C by Acremonium chrysogenumM35
Authors: Kim Sungbong , Kim Hyeong Ryeol , Oh Hyun Ju , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Um Youngsoon , Kim Dong Wook , Seo Sang Woo , Park Chulhwan , Kim Seung Wook 
Published: March 2023

AbstractXylose‐rich undefined broth, extracted from the dilute acid pretreatment wastes of barley straw, serves as resourceful media for Acremonium chrysogenum M35 culture and production of cephalosporin C (CPC). Concentrating the extract with proper reprocessing enables to prepare various concentrations of xylose broth (2%–8%). The undefined xylose media were prepared for CPC production from A. chrysogenum M35 by the addition of other nutrients. Cell growth and CPC production were the most effective at 6% xylose and additional 2% glycerol, with maximum CPC production of 9.07 g/L after 6 days, which is higher production than that in defined media prepared with laboratory‐level nutrients and reagents. Investigation of autotrophic and reverse trans‐sulfuration pathways for cysteine synthesis, a limited element of three precursors for CPC synthesis, supports the enhanced CPC production in undefined media. Abundance of xylose ensures a maintained NADPH concentration required for sulfate reduction and synthesis of amino sulfide such as cysteine. Cystathionine‐γ‐lyase activity profiling indicated more efficient biosynthesis in undefined media than in other cultures use glycerol and glucose, and the biosynthesis pathway of CPC production by the cephalosporin gene cluster (i.e. pcbC and cefG genes) was investigated. The process using undefined xylose media was designed, and process simulation program confirmed our results.
Social security coverage for couriers who work through digital platforms in Mexico: A role for a special scheme?
Authors: Carreon‐Rodríguez Víctor G. , Coronado‐García Mauricio F. , Guajardo‐Mendoza Miguel A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe socio‐demographic characteristics of couriers who work through digital platforms in Mexico reveal that more than 85 per cent of these workers have completed full‐time secondary education and 83 per cent of these workers are young (aged 14 to 44). However, only 25 per cent are covered for health services and social security benefits. Against this backdrop, and guided by international experience, we set out a proposal to provide these workers with a tailored package of social security benefits. The proposal would require to categorize couriers who work through digital platforms as “digital workers”, introduce a special scheme for these workers based on voluntary affiliation, and offer a specific portfolio of benefits.
Phase separation of YAP mediated by coiled‐coil domain promotes hepatoblastoma proliferation via activation of transcription
Authors: Mao Siwei , Liu Qianrui , Wu Han , Zhu Jiabei , Xie Yi , Ma Ji , Zhen Ni , Pan Qiuhui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAim and BackgroundYes‐associated protein (YAP), a key transcriptional co‐activator associated with cell fate and tumor progression, has been reported to be a powerful driver of hepatoblastoma (HB). In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying oncogenic role of YAP in HB.MethodsThe expression of YAP in HB tissues was measured through WB and qRT‐PCR. The IHC and IF were performed to determine the distribution of YAP. The phase separation of YAP was proved by living cell imaging and FRAP experiment. The effect of YAP phase separation in HB cells in vitro an in vivo were tested using CCK8, flow cytometry, and xenograft tumors.ResultsYAP was overexpressed and activated in HB. Nuclear YAP formed an active transcriptional site via LLPS to recruit the crucial transcription factor TEAD4. Thus, YAP phase separation facilitated transcription of oncogenic genes and subsequently mediated chemoresistance of HB. Mechanistically, the phase separation ability of YAP depends on the coiled‐coil domain, which is a typical phase separation domain. The electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions within YAP are also vital to YAP phase separation. More importantly, YAP inhibitor verteporfin is potential treatment for HB and combination with cisplatin enhanced therapeutic efficacy.ConclusionsHighly expressed and active YAP exerts an oncogenic effect in HB via phase separation and provides new insights for the treatment of HB.
Effectiveness of fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with botulinum toxin type A in a rabbit ear model with the underlying mechanism
Authors: Xiong Jianxiang , Li Xing , Xu Guizhen , Wang Yimei , Wen Huicai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic scar (HS) is a common disease in plastic and cosmetic surgery, with limited treatment options, and is a challenge for clinicians.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser combined with botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) in treating HSs in rabbit ears and to provide new strategies for treating HS.MethodsTwenty‐four New Zealand white rabbits with induced HSs were randomly divided into one control and three treatment groups. After 4 weeks of modeling, BTXA (2.0 U) was injected into the HS of the BTXA and combination groups, whereas a fractional CO2 laser (combo mode, deep energy: 12.5 mJ; super energy: 90 mJ) was used in the fractional CO2 laser and combination groups. The laser treatments were repeated after 2 weeks. The HSs in the rabbit ears were observed and photographed 5 weeks after the first treatment. The scar thickness in each group was measured and compared, and the scar elevation index (SEI) was determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Collagen content and alignment were observed using Masson's trichrome staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze scar‐related protein levels.ResultsHypertrophic scars were reduced in all treatment groups compared with the control group. The combination group had lower scar thickness, SEI, and expression of scar‐related proteins in HSs, with an appearance similar to that of normal rabbit ear skin. Furthermore, the fibroblast content and collagen deposition decreased significantly in the combination group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFractional CO2 laser combined with BTXA more effectively reduced HSs by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, decreasing transforming growth factor‐β1 and α‐ smooth muscle actin expression, and causing collagen remodeling.
Deficient chaperone‐mediated autophagy in macrophage aggravates inflammation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by targeting Nup85
Authors: Zhang Miao , Tian Si Y , Ma Shuo Y , Zhou Xia , Zheng Xiao H , Li Bo , Guo Guan Y , Yu Jia H , Su Rui , Yang Fang F , Hu Yi N , Ma Gang , Yang Hui , Zheng Lin H , Guo Chang C , Shang Yu L , Wang Jing B , Han Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, can cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Macrophages play critical roles in initiating and maintaining NASH‐induced liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of macrophage chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) in NASH remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of macrophage‐specific CMA on liver inflammation and identify a potential therapeutic target for NASH treatment.MethodsThe CMA function of liver macrophages was detected using Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and flow cytometry. By constructing myeloid‐specific CMA deficiency mice, we evaluated the effects of deficient CMA of macrophages on monocyte recruitment, liver injury, steatosis and fibrosis in NASH mice. A label‐free mass spectrometry was utilized to screen the substrates of CMA in macrophages and their mutual interactions. The association between CMA and its substrate was further examined by immunoprecipitation, Western blot and RT‐qPCR.ResultsA typical hallmark in murine NASH models was impaired CMA function in hepatic macrophages. Monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDM) were the dominant macrophage population in NASH, and CMA function was impaired in MDM. CMA dysfunction aggravated liver‐targeted recruitment of monocyte and promoted steatosis and fibrosis. Mechanistically, Nup85 functions as a substrate for CMA and its degradation was inhibited in CMA‐deficient macrophages. Inhibition of Nup85 attenuated the steatosis and monocyte recruitment caused by CMA deficiency in NASH mice.ConclusionsWe proposed that the impaired CMA‐induced Nup85 degradation aggravated monocyte recruitment, promoting liver inflammation and disease progression of NASH.
The global circulation of Marxist perspectives on the national question: Borochovism at the service of the Eritrean cause
Authors: Cohen Leonardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 1979, a group of activists belonging to the EPLF (the Eritrean People's Liberation Front) came across a materialistic interpretation of the national question, which was penned at the turn of the century by one Dov Ber Borochov (1881–1917), a Russian–Jewish intellectual who was a leading ideologue of Marxist Zionism. Among the fruits of this encounter was a book advocating the Eritrean people's right to self‐determination. Owing to developments in the Soviet Union and Marxist circles in the 1920s, Borochov's works were all but ignored throughout the remainder of the century. How, then, did a Spanish translation of his treatise, Nationalismo y lucha de clases (known in English as The National Question and Class Struggle), find its way into the hands of Eritrean nationalists? Furthermore, against the backdrop of Moscow and Havana's open support for Ethiopia, what attracted these Eritreans to the thought of an obscure Marxist–Zionist intellectual?
Left atrial function evaluation by 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography in patients with vasovagal syncope
Authors: Tajdini Masih , Hosseinsabet Ali , Tofighi Saeed , Yadangi Somayeh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesEvidence indicates left atrial (LA) involvement in vasovagal syncope (VVS). The LA regulates left ventricular filling during the cardiac cycle. We aimed to assess LA function in patients with VVS by 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography.MethodsSixty‐nine consecutive patients with VVS were recruited. Based on the head‐up tilt test (HUTT) results, the study population was divided into two groups: HUTT+ (n = 45) and HUTT− (n = 24). Fifty‐one consecutive subjects were enrolled as the control group. LA myocardial deformation parameters were measured by 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography to evaluate LA function.ResultsMaximal, minimal, and pre‐P LA volumes were lower in patients with VVS. Strain and strain rate during reservoir, conduit, and contraction phases in VVS patients with HUTT+ or HUTT− were not statistically significantly different from those in the control group. Additionally, the volumetric parameters of LA function showed no difference in statistical significance between the three study groups.ConclusionsWhile LA phasic function was not different between the two groups of VVS patients with HUTT+ or HUTT− and the control group, LA size during the three LA phases was smaller in patients with VVS.
Longitudinal consumption of fruits and vegetables and risk of asthma by 5 years of age
Authors: Metsälä Johanna , Vuorinen Anna‐Leena , Takkinen Hanna‐Mari , Peltonen Essi J. , Ahonen Suvi , Åkerlund Mari , Tapanainen Heli , Mattila Markus , Toppari Jorma , Ilonen Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Haahtela Tari , Knip Mikael , Kaila Minna , Virtanen Suvi M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFruit and vegetable consumption has been linked to a decreased risk of asthma, but prospective evidence on longitudinal consumption in childhood is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption in childhood and the risk of asthma by the age of 5 years, and to explore the role of processing of fruits and vegetables in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Allergy Study.MethodsChild's food consumption was assessed by 3‐day food records completed at the age of 3 and 6 months, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, and asthma and allergies by a validated modified version of the ISAAC questionnaire at the age of 5 years. Consumption of processed and unprocessed fruits and vegetables was calculated. Joint models with a current value association structure for longitudinal and time‐to‐event data were used for statistical analyses.ResultsOf the 3053 children, 184 (6%) developed asthma by the age of 5 years. The risk of asthma was not associated with the consumption of all fruits and vegetables together (HR 1.00, 95%CI 0.99–1.01 per consumption of 1 g/MJ, adjusted for energy and other covariates), or with most subgroups. Weak inverse associations were seen between all leafy vegetables and asthma (HR = 0.87, 0.77–0.99), and unprocessed vegetables and nonatopic asthma (HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.98).ConclusionTotal consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood was not associated with the development of asthma by the age of 5 years. Weak inverse associations found for vegetables need to be confirmed or rejected in future studies.
Parents who experience psychosis: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Harries Claire I. , Smith Debbie M. , Gregg Lynsey , Allott Rory , Wittkowski Anja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesPsychosis can present parents with complex parenting challenges and significant adverse outcomes for parents and their children have been reported. However, remarkably little is known about how parenting is experienced by these parents. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to understand the lived experiences of parents with psychosis, including how parenting support was experienced.Design and MethodsUsing interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), eight biological parents (five mothers and three fathers) with psychosis were recruited and interviewed from early intervention in psychosis services in the Northwest of England.ResultsThree superordinate themes and seven subordinate themes were identified. Theme 1 ‘Living with the Struggle: Painfully Disconnected’ captured a persistent parenting struggle that distanced parents from their children and support due to all‐consuming experiences of psychosis, fear and risk‐focused service support. Theme 2 ‘Desired and Vulnerable Position: Comfortably Connected’ captured parental experiences of symptom relief through connection with their children, alongside parental need to be integrated with the systems around them. Theme 3 ‘Exposed: Parenting Under a Spotlight’ represented parental experiences of inescapable observation and judgement from the systems around them.ConclusionsNovel insights into the role of misaligned parent and service priorities in parental perceptions of powerlessness, shame and disconnection from their children, valued parenting identities, and system supports are presented. Systemic interventions that target stigma, provide system‐wide psychoeducation and promote person‐centred, compassionate and meaningful connections between parents and the systems they live within are needed to promote better parenting outcomes.
Nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat network underlies nonhost resistance of pepper against the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Oh Soohyun , Kim Sejun , Park Hyo‐Jeong , Kim Myung‐Shin , Seo Min‐Ki , Wu Chih‐Hang , Lee Hyun‐Ah , Kim Hyun‐Soon , Kamoun Sophien , Choi Doil 
Published: March 2023

SummaryNonhost resistance (NHR) is a robust plant immune response against non‐adapted pathogens. A number of nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins that recognize non‐adapted pathogens have been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms driving robustness of NHR are still unknown. Here, we screened 57 effectors of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in nonhost pepper (Capsicum annuum) to identify avirulence effector candidates. Selected effectors were tested against 436 genome‐wide cloned pepper NLRs, and we identified multiple functional NLRs that recognize P. infestans effectors and confer disease resistance in the Nicotiana benthamiana as a surrogate system. The identified NLRs were homologous to known NLRs derived from wild potatoes that recognize P. infestans effectors such as Avr2, Avrblb1, Avrblb2, and Avrvnt1. The identified CaRpi‐blb2 is a homologue of Rpi‐blb2, recognizes Avrblb2 family effectors, exhibits feature of lineage‐specifically evolved gene in microsynteny and phylogenetic analyses, and requires pepper‐specific NRC (NLR required for cell death)‐type helper NLR for proper function. Moreover, CaRpi‐blb2–mediated hypersensitive response and blight resistance were more tolerant to suppression by the PITG_15 278 than those mediated by Rpi‐blb2. Combined results indicate that pepper has stacked multiple NLRs recognizing effectors of non‐adapted P. infestans, and these NLRs could be more tolerant to pathogen‐mediated immune suppression than NLRs derived from the host plants. Our study suggests that NLRs derived from nonhost plants have potential as untapped resources to develop crops with durable resistance against fast‐evolving pathogens by stacking the network of nonhost NLRs into susceptible host plants.