bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review: Interventions to prevent or manage self‐harm among students in educational settings – a systematic review
Authors: Nawaz Rasanat Fatima , Anderson Joanna K. , Colville Louise , Fraser‐Andrews Catherine , Ford Tamsin Jane 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAt least half of all young people who die by suicide have previously self‐harmed and most of those who self‐harm will not seek help from health services for self‐harming behaviours. By default, schools, colleges and universities necessarily play a key role in identifying those who self‐harm and supporting them to access help.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021243692) of five databases (Medline, PsycINFO, ASSIA, ERIC and BEI) for quantitative studies evaluating interventions to reduce self‐harm among students in schools, colleges and universities.ResultsWe identified six eligible studies that reported interventions. Two interventions used mindfulness‐based approaches and the remaining four interventions focused on in‐classroom education. Three interventions reported a significant reduction in self‐harm, all three used in‐classroom education. Of the six studies, one study was rated methodologically moderate, while the remaining five were weak.ConclusionIn summary, the evidence base is limited in size and quality. Most current interventions to address self‐harm in schools focus on training staff in awareness, with a significant gap in direct support for students.
The rapid stabilization pathway: impact of a brief inpatient intervention on the length of stay and readmissions among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents
Authors: Sams Deanna Palmeri , Garrison David , Walsh Patrick , Maeng Daniel , Cross Wendi 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundSuicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017, Death rates due to suicide and homicide among persons age 10–24: United States, 2000–2017) constituting a significant public health crisis. The demand for psychiatric emergency services and inpatient beds is increasing, while the number of beds available decreases or remains static (National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors, 2017, Trend in psychiatric inpatient capacity, United States and Each State, 1970–2014. www.nasmhpd.org/sites/default/files/TACPaper.2.Psychiatric‐Inpatient‐Capacity_508C.pdf) leading to delays in treatment and exacerbation of symptoms for some adolescents awaiting care. This pilot project describes the development, feasibility, and acceptability of a creative, values‐based safety planning intervention for adolescents hospitalized on an acute inpatient psychiatric unit and the impact of this intervention on length of stay and readmissions to acute psychiatric care.MethodsThirty patients experiencing a suicidal crisis participated in the Rapid Stabilization Pathway (RSP) during their inpatient psychiatric admission.ResultsResults indicate that, compared to patients who underwent inpatient treatment as usual (TAU), RSP patients were discharged after a significantly shorter length of stay (4 vs. 6.1 weekdays respectively, p < .001). Further, there was no significant difference in readmission to the inpatient unit or to the psychiatric emergency room among RSP and TAU patients at 30, 60, and 90 days postdischarge.ConclusionsThese findings have significant implications for acute inpatient programming. The RSP intervention treated patients in a shorter amount of time without any increase in re‐admissions. Further, the shortened length of stay allowed for more patients to be treated on the inpatient unit and a significant cost savings. Future directions for programming and outcome research are discussed.
How Do Artificial Neural Networks Classify Musical Triads? A Case Study in Eluding Bonini's Paradox
Authors: Perez Arturo , Ma Helen L. , Zawaduk Stephanie , Dawson Michael R. W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow might artificial neural networks (ANNs) inform cognitive science? Often cognitive scientists use ANNs but do not examine their internal structures. In this paper, we use ANNs to explore how cognition might represent musical properties. We train ANNs to classify musical chords, and we interpret network structure to determine what representations ANNs discover and use. We find connection weights between input units and hidden units can be described using Fourier phase spaces, a representation studied in musical set theory. We find the total signal coming through these weighted connection weights is a measure of the similarity between two Fourier structures: the structure of the hidden unit's weights and the structure of the stimulus. This is surprising because neither of these Fourier structures is computed by the hidden unit. We then show how output units use such similarity measures to classify chords. However, we also find different types of units—units that use different activation functions—use this similarity measure very differently. This result, combined with other findings, indicates that while our networks are related to the Fourier analysis of musical sets, they do not perform Fourier analyses of the kind usually described in musical set theory. Our results show Fourier representations of music are not limited to musical set theory. Our results also suggest how cognitive psychologists might explore Fourier representations in musical cognition. Critically, such theoretical and empirical implications require researchers to understand how network structure converts stimuli into responses.
Reduced heart rate variability in people with type 1 diabetes and elevated diabetes distress: Results from the longitudinal observational DIA‐LINK1 study
Authors: Ehrmann Dominic , Chatwin Hannah , Schmitt Andreas , Soeholm Uffe , Kulzer Bernhard , Axelsen Johanne Lundager , Broadley Melanie , Haak Thomas , Pouwer Frans , Hermanns Norbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsPeople with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is a clinical marker for CVD. In this observational study using continuous HRV measurement across 26 days, we investigated whether psychological stressors (diabetes distress, depressive symptoms) and glycaemic parameters (hypo‐ and hyperglycaemic exposure, glycaemic variability and HbA1c) are associated with lower HRV in people with type 1 diabetes.MethodsData from the non‐interventional prospective DIA‐LINK1 study were analysed. At baseline, depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were assessed. Glucose values and HRV were recorded daily for 26 days using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and a wrist‐worn health tracker respectively. Multilevel modelling with participant as nesting factor was used to analyse associations between day‐to‐day HRV and diabetes distress, depressive symptoms and CGM‐derived parameters.ResultsData from 149 participants were analysed (age: 38.3 ± 13.1 years, HbA1c: 8.6 ± 1.9%). Participants with elevated diabetes distress had a significantly lower HRV across the 26 days compared to participants without elevated distress (β = −0.28; p = 0.004). Elevated depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with HRV (β = −0.18; p = 0.074). Higher daily exposure to hyperglycaemia (β = −0.44; p = 0.044), higher average exposure to hypoglycaemia (β = −0.18; p = 0.042) and higher HbA1c (β = −0.20; p = 0.018) were associated with reduced HRV across the 26 days. Sensitivity analysis with HRV averaged across all days corroborated these results.ConclusionsDiabetes distress is a clinically meaningful psychosocial stressor that could play a role in the cardiovascular health of people with type 1 diabetes. These findings highlight the need for integrated psychosocial care in diabetes management.
Gender differences in outcomes of early intervention services for first episode psychosis
Authors: Hong Seong I. , Bennett Daniel , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThere is growing interest in early intervention in psychotic disorders. However, gender differences in the outcomes of such treatment have not been studied in a randomized clinical trial.MethodsPatients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with less than 6 months antipsychotic exposure entered a cluster randomized trial of early intervention services compared to usual care in the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Early Treatment Program (RAISE‐ETP) study. Masked evaluators assessed the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) every 6 months. Our secondary analyses examined gender differences in baseline characteristics, 2‐year gender outcomes, and intervention responses.ResultsAltogether 404 individuals aged 15–40 entered the study: 111 (27.4%) women and 293 (72.5%) men. At baseline, women were significantly more likely to have been married (p = .007) and to be living independently (p = .012) than men. Women were also more likely to be diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type (p = .006) and scored higher on the depression subscale of the PANSS (p = .0004) but not the CDSS. Women were less likely to use or abuse cannabis (p = .0004), though no less likely to abuse alcohol. Controlling for these differences, there were no significant gender differences in the QLS or PANSS outcomes.ConclusionBaseline gender differences in comorbid substance use and prevalence of mood symptoms in women with first episode psychosis are consistent with previous studies. The absence of significant gender differences in outcomes with early intervention has not been previously reported in a multi‐site randomized US clinical trial.
Evaluation of Self‐Reported professionalism lapses among dental undergraduate students: A cross‐sectional study from a Malaysian dental faculty
Authors: Veerabhadrappa Suresh Kandagal , Pandarathodiyil Anitha Krishnan , Ghani Wan Maria Nabillah , Termizi Bin Zamzuri Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionProfessionalism and academic integrity are important components of dental education as they influence not just the present‐day learning process, but also the practice of dentistry in future. This study evaluated self‐reported professional lapses, academic dishonesty behaviours among peers and recommended sanctions for such lapses.Materials and MethodsDundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I: Academic Integrity questionnaire was administered to BDS students of a private dental institution in Malaysia. Differences in the level of recommended sanctions were assessed by Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsThere was unanimous agreement that all 34 statements of lapses of academic integrity as unacceptable. The highest agreement (95.6%) was related to threatening or abusing university employees or students and involvement in paedophilic activities, whereas the lowest agreement was observed for getting or giving help for coursework against rules (47.3%). The most frequent behaviours observed among peers were lack of class punctuality (55.1%) and providing and receiving proxy attendance services (49.3%). About 36% admitted to not being punctual themselves, 26.8% for accepting or providing help for course work and 22.9% for receiving and providing proxy attendance. Female students displayed stricter recommended sanctions, with the most significant difference relating to joking disrespectfully about body parts (p < .001). More lenient recommended sanctions were observed among Year 1 students compared with other years, with the most significant difference (p < .001) observed for exchanging information about the exam, forging a signature, plagiarising and cut‐pasting materials without acknowledgement.ConclusionThe majority of academic lapses were well comprehended. Significant differences were observed in sanctions imposed in terms of gender and year of study.
Establishing the cross‐cultural applicability of a harmonized approach to cognitive diagnostics in epilepsy: Initial results of the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy in a Spanish‐speaking sample
Authors: Reyes Anny , Salinas Lilian , Hermann Bruce P. , Baxendale Sallie , Busch Robyn M. , Barr William B. , McDonald Carrie R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to evaluate the cross‐cultural application of the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy (IC‐CoDE) to a cohort of Spanish‐speaking patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) living in the United States.MethodsEighty‐four Spanish‐speaking patients with TLE completed neuropsychological measures of memory, language, executive function, visuospatial functioning, and attention/processing speed as part of the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics. The contribution of demographic and clinical variables to cognitive performance was evaluated. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by examining the base rates of impairment across several impairment thresholds. The IC‐CoDE taxonomy was then applied, and the base rate of cognitive phenotypes for each cutoff was calculated. The distribution of phenotypes was compared to the published IC‐CoDE taxonomy data, which utilized a large, multicenter cohort of English‐speaking patients with TLE.ResultsAcross the different impairment cutoffs, memory was the most impaired cognitive domain, with impairments in list learning ranging from 50% to 78%. Application of the IC‐CoDE taxonomy utilizing a −1.5‐SD cutoff revealed an intact cognitive profile in 47.6% of patients, single‐domain impairment in 23.8% of patients, bidomain impairment in 14.3% of patients, and generalized impairment in 14.3% of the sample. This distribution was comparable to the phenotype distribution observed in the IC‐CoDE validation sample.SignificanceWe demonstrate a similar pattern and distribution of cognitive phenotypes in a Spanish‐speaking epilepsy cohort compared to an English‐speaking sample. This suggests stability in the underlying phenotypes associated with TLE and applicability of the IC‐CoDE for guiding cognitive diagnostics in epilepsy research that can be applied to culturally and linguistically diverse samples.
Patterns of marital conflict among middle‐aged couples and their effects on family satisfaction: A latent class analysis
Authors: Lee Eun Jin , Han Sangyoon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThrough this study, we aimed to categorize marital conflict in middle adulthood and examine its effect on family satisfaction.BackgroundMarital conflict is detrimental to family satisfaction in the middle age. Despite the increasing dissolution of marriage and the intensification of marital conflict among middle‐aged couples, little research has examined this issue.MethodThis study used data from the 2018 Korean Retirement and Income Study (KreIS). A total of 1,581 married people aged between 40 and 65 years were analyzed. We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) to categorize the sample and performed multiple regression analysis to verify the effect of various marital conflict types on family satisfaction.ResultsThree latent classes of marital conflict were identified using the LCA: the lifestyle conflict (LC), the infrequent conflict (IC), and the financial conflict (FC) group. Examining family satisfaction by group revealed that there was no significant difference between IC and FC, whereas LC experienced significantly lower family satisfaction.ConclusionsThis study suggested the need for a new approach to resolving marital conflict for middle‐aged couples, especially according to the conflict aspect.
The impacts of a high school healthy marriage and relationship education program
Authors: Goesling Brian , Alamillo Julia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the 1‐year impacts of a healthy marriage and relationship education (HMRE) program for high school students.BackgroundResearch on HMRE programming for youth has found that programs can improve youth's relationship skills, attitudes, and knowledge around the time the program ends. However, there is less evidence on whether these impacts are sustained over time or when providers do not have enough time to deliver the full program.MethodA three‐arm cluster randomized trial involving 1,862 students from two schools. The two intervention groups received either a 12‐lesson HMRE curriculum or a shortened eight‐lesson version of the same curriculum. Students completed surveys at baseline and 1 year later.ResultsStudents in all three groups reported similar levels of relationship skills, attitudes, and knowledge for 9 of the 10 outcomes examined at the one‐year follow up. For the one exception, students offered the 12‐lesson curriculum were more likely than students in the control group to disagree that feelings of love are enough to sustain a happy marriage.ConclusionWe found limited evidence of sustained impacts and no evidence of an effect from shortening the curriculum.ImplicationsOffering HMRE to high school students might plant the seeds of healthy relationships, but more programming will probably be needed to sustain the types of short‐term impacts found in prior research.
The effects of cannabidiol on subjective states, cognition, and psychomotor function in healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rudisill Toni Marie , Innes Karen (Kim) , Wen Sijin , Haggerty Treah , Smith Gordon S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite being added to numerous products, little is known about cannabidiol. Drowsiness is a self‐reported side effect, which could impact cognitive functioning. To determine whether cannabidiol impacts cognition and psychomotor function, a volunteer sample of healthy, college students were recruited for this randomized, parallel‐group, double‐blind, feasibility trial from April–November 2021. Participants completed a baseline survey, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Visual Analog Mood Scale, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Trail Making Test, Psychomotor Vigilance Test, and Simple Reaction Time Tests. Participants were then randomized and allocated to receive 300 mg cannabidiol oil (N = 21) or placebo (N = 19). After 120 min, participants retook the tests. Performance between groups was compared using Analysis of Covariance and multi‐level Negative Binomial regression. Participants averaged 21 ± 3 years of age, and 52% were female. Self‐reported anxiety did not change posttreatment. Performances on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Visual Analog Mood Scale, and Psychomotor Vigilance Test increased for both groups. After accounting for baseline scores, attention lapse duration significantly increased for those receiving cannabidiol compared to placebo in the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (76 vs. 66 ms; p = 0.02). Auditory reaction time improved in the cannabidiol group versus placebo for one sound emitted during the Simple Reaction Time Test (241 vs. 245 ms; p = 0.02), but the number of early responses increased from 0.3 to 0.8 for those receiving cannabidiol. While performance on most tests was similar between those receiving cannabidiol and placebo, cannabidiol might affect certain aspects of vigilance. More research and larger trials are needed.
Application of factorial model for an optimization of partial replacement of feldspar by talc on the sintering process
Authors: da Silva Robson Couto , La Porta Felipe de Almeida , Silva Graciela Aparecida dos Santos , Tebcherani Renato Mandalozzo , Kubaski Evaldo Toniolo , Bonfante Estevam Augusto , Tebcherani Sergio Mazurek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis research used a factorial model containing two levels and three variables to evaluate the partial substitution of sodium feldspar (albite) by a talc ore found in abundance in the region of Itaiacoca—Brazil. The model can also be used to verify the influence of initial talc particle size, proportion, and sintering threshold temperature on the following physical properties, such as linear shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, total porosity, and firing color. In this study, the mechanical strength of the compositions was evaluated by the flexural strength test. The factorial model indicated the sintering temperature as the variable that most affects the samples’ densification and the proportion of talc as the variable that changes the firing color. The experiment that used a higher sintering temperature combined with a coarser talc granulometry presented the highest mechanical strength. When more refined granulometry was used, there was the beginning of an overfire process. Water absorption values in the range of .04% and modulus of rupture of 49 MPa were obtained, confirming the talc's effectiveness as a secondary flux agent suitable for the formulation of ceramic bodies.
Mechanical properties of B4C–CrB2 binary eutectic composites prepared by arc‐melting
Authors: Tu Rong , Li Jiaojiao , Jia Mingpu , Li Qizhong , Yang Meijun , Zhang Song , Goto Takashi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractB4C–CrB2 composites were prepared by arc‐melting using B4C and CrB2 powders as raw materials. The eutectic composition of B4C–CrB2 system was 30B4C–70CrB2 (mol%) with a labyrinth‐like irregularly layered eutectic microstructure, composed of B4C phase about 1–2 μm in thickness dispersing in CrB2 matrix, much smaller than raw powders. The interface of the eutectic composite was well bonded, and there were edge dislocations at the interface to alleviate the interface mismatch. The eutectic temperature of B4C–CrB2 composites was approximately 2200 K. At the eutectic composition, the B4C–CrB2 composites showed the maximum Vickers hardness (24.6 GPa) and fracture toughness (4.3 MPa m1/2) at room temperature.
Enterprise credit risk portrait and evaluation from the perspective of the supply chain
Authors: Xie Xiaofeng , Zhang Jixin , Luo Yuxuan , Gu Jing , Li Yunfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to help financial institutions identify credit risk and reduce default losses more effectively by improving the accuracy and efficiency of the credit evaluation process using two methods. The paper first mines indicators that comprehensively describe the supply chain aspects of credit risk to obtain a precise credit risk portrait of the enterprise. The study then innovatively designs a random forest‐weighted naive Bayes (RF‐WNB) model that offers good interpretability and generalization qualities. The model forms an effective two‐stage process of enterprise credit risk evaluation that selects key features, quantifies the importance of each, and then evaluates credit risk. By applying empirical analysis to 1363 listed enterprises and performing one typical case analysis, we verified the effectiveness of the indicators and the two‐stage RF‐WNB model in evaluating enterprise credit risk.
Manipulation of the ratio of Li+/Zn2+ on the structure and persistent luminescence property of Li2Zn0.9992Ge3O8:0.08%Cr3+
Authors: Li Rui , Li Panlai , Wei Guohui , Li Jiehong , Shi Yawei , Wang Ye , He Shaoxuan , Yang Yuanbo , Ding Wenge , Wang Zhijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLong persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have been widely applied and investigated in the fields of night‐safe, bio‐fluorescent labeling, and optical anti‐counterfeiting because of their unique properties of delayed luminescence. In this work, the focus of this research is to significantly improve the LPL properties of Li2Zn0.9992Ge3O8:0.08%Cr3+ by adjusting the ratio of Li+/Zn2+. On the one hand, when Li+:Zn2+ < 2:1 (Li1.97Zn1.0292Ge3O8:0.08%Cr3+), a deep‐red LPL is produced in the 650–900 nm band for more than 50 h, which is 2.5 times longer than that without regulation. From another perspective, when Li+:Zn2+ > 2:1 (Li2.01Zn0.9892Ge3O8:0.08%Cr3+), the intensity of LPL is enhanced about four times compared to unregulated. The relationship between traps and LPL was comprehensively investigated by analyzing thermoluminescence spectra. Biological tissue penetration experiments were performed and a set of anti‐counterfeit labels was designed. This research will provide guidance for the design of a novel persistent phosphor for the desired trap depth.