bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Estimation of Breakdown Voltage of Stator Windings of Generator From Partial Discharge Magnitude
Authors: Nakamura Shin , Kanegami Masaki , Kuraishi Takashi , Miyazaki Satoru 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFor the insulation diagnosis of stator windings of generators, sampling surveys are conducted on the coils to estimate the dielectric strength of the stator winding. Previous research has relied on inferring the breakdown voltage of the stator winding from the value 3σ away from the mean value of the breakdown voltage of the coil. However, this conventional method exhibits a significant estimation error when the sample size is small. Therefore, we propose a method for estimating the breakdown voltage of the stator winding based on the maximum value of the partial discharge magnitude and the minimum value of the breakdown voltage of the sample coil. We verify this method by Monte Carlo simulation assuming a sampling survey of coils.
Fault Localization Method Based on Surge Diagram
Authors: Inuzuka Tatsuki , Maesaka Tatsuya , Iida Yoshikazu , Ono Tetsushi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe paper presents a new fault location method with traveling waves (surge) on distribution line to restore power supply as soon as possible. The proposed method builds a diagram that describes transmission and reflection of traveling waves over the lines and generates pseudo waves based on the diagram. The least error condition including fault point is estimated by numerical analysis comparing measured waves and pseudo waves. The method is robust and accurate without line parameters such as the speed of traveling waves. The method can be applicable for multiple faults and branch line faults without any additional modification.
Low‐Temperature Solar Thermal Energy Storage Using LaNi5−xMx (M = Al, Fe, Ga, and Zn) Alloys
Authors: Babu K. Sarath , Dashbabu Dinesh , Kumar E. Anil 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLanthanum based alloys are used in this current work to store the low temperature (less than 120°C) thermal energy, as they absorb and desorb hydrogen gas reversibly. LaNi5−xMx (M = Al, Fe, Ga, and Zn) alloys are compared at constant energy storage and recovery temperatures based on their absorption characteristics. A comparison is made between a Simple Absorption System (SAS), a Compressor Operated Absorption system (CAS), and a Cascade Resorption System (CRS) to store thermal energy at low temperatures. van't Hoff relation is used to estimate the lowest temperature to store energy and the maximum temperature to extract it. The energy was successfully upgraded by CAS and CRS. For various La‐based alloys, the three systems' performances were thermodynamically examined and compared. A maximum COP of 0.86 and 0.74 is obtained in a simple absorption and compressor operated absorption system, respectively, using LaNi4.75Fe0.25 due to low hysteresis. Maximum heat upgradation with the Al, Fe, Ga, and Zn substitution is reported as 50°C, 20°C, 48°C, and 60°C, respectively, at a compressor ratio of 5 with CAS. The CRS with same substitution gives the highest heat upgradation of 66°C, 43°C, 88°C, and 107°C at regeneration temperature of 120°C respectively.
BGHO‐E2EB Model: Enhancing IoT Security With Gaussian Artificial Hummingbird Optimization and Blockchain Technology
Authors: Dhanushkodi Kavitha , Venkataramani Kiruthika , K R Naghul Pranav , Sethuraman Ravikumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming numerous sectors but also presents unique security challenges due to its interconnected and resource‐constrained devices. This study introduces the Bidirectional Gaussian Hummingbird Optimized End‐to‐End Blockchain (BGHO‐E2EB) model, designed to detect and classify cyberattacks within IoT environments. Unlike preventive approaches, the developed model focuses on real‐time detection and categorization of attacks, enabling timely responses to emerging threats. The proposed model integrates blockchain technology through Ethereum‐based smart contracts to enhance the security and integrity of data exchanges within IoT networks. Additionally, a Gaussian Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm is employed for optimal feature selection, minimizing data dimensionality and computational load. A Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory (Bi‐LSTM) network further improves the model's capability by accurately detecting and categorizing cyber threats based on selected features. The Adam optimizer is used for efficient parameter tuning within the Bi‐LSTM network, ensuring high‐performance cyberattack detection. The proposed model was evaluated using established IoT security benchmarks, including the UNSW‐NB15, BOT‐IoT, and NSL‐KDD datasets, accomplishing an accuracy of 98.7%, precision of 96.3%, and security level of 99.5%, significantly outperforming traditional methods. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of BGHO‐E2EB as a robust tool for detecting and classifying cyberattacks in IoT networks, making it suitable for real‐world deployment in dynamic IoT environments where security is paramount.
Effect of Incorporating Oat Flour and Sourdough on the Sensory and Technological Characteristics of Bread
Authors: Sayadi Masoome , Arianfar Akram , Mohamadi Sani Ali , Sheikholeslami Zahra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of different formulations on the technological and sensory properties of bread. The bread formulation included 9 variations of sourdough treatments and 4 variations of wheat flour and oat flour percentages. Results demonstrated that the highest increase in dough volume occurred in samples containing sourdough made from wheat, oat, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 64.5%–68%, and breads lacking yeast exhibited the lowest amount of porosity 2.3–7.2. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) revealed that sourdoughs without Sc. cerevisiae exhibited significantly higher levels of hardness, chewiness, and cohesiveness. The stickiness of breads was most pronounced in those produced with wheat sourdough, Sc. cerevisiae, and Lb. plantarum. Conversely, samples containing wheat, oat, Lb. plantarum, and Sc. cerevisiae with varying wheat flour ratios (100%, 95%, and 85%) showed no stickiness. SEM analysis showed incorporating into bread with oat flour led to larger porosity. HunterLab measurements indicated that breads with sourdough of wheat, oat, Lb. plantrum, and Sc. cerevisiae had the highest values of parameters a*, b*, and ΔE, 11.2–11.7, 34.5–35.35, 0.52–0.58, respectively, while yeast‐free breads exhibited the highest L* value 72.3–72.9. Sensory evaluations indicated that breads produced with sourdough of wheat, oat, Lb. plantarum, and Sc. cerevisiae received the highest overall scores for taste, aroma, texture, appearance, and total acceptance from evaluators. Conversely, samples lacking yeast received the lowest scores. Therefore, the optimal bread formulation involved using sourdough composed of wheat, oat, Lb. plantarum, and Sc. cerevisiae with up to a 10% replacement of wheat flour with oat flour.
Efficient Hydrolysis of Fish Parvalbumin by Marine Bacterial Protease VSP2V‐280: Allergen Removal
Authors: Zhou Junlan , Bai Yue , Gao Yuan , Tian Huili , Wang Ming'ao , Kang Xinxin , Zhang Lei , Lv Mingsheng , Wang Shujun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTParvalbumin is a major allergen in fish. However, there is currently no effective and safe way to remove this allergen from fish. In this study, protease gene VSP2V‐280 of marine bacteria Virgibacillus sp. SP2 was cloned and expressed. The protease enzyme showed maximum activity at 50°C and pH 10.0. Ca2+ and Cu2+ promoted the enzyme. The enzyme showed good parvalbumin degradation efficiency in fish. Based on the gel analysis, when 0.3 mg/mL of parvalbumin was incubated with protease VSP2V‐280 (30 U/mL) containing 1 mM Ca2+ for 3 h, the parvalbumin removal rate reached 97%. The enzyme was further used for parvalbumin removal from Ctenopharyngodon idella, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Parabramis pekinensis, and Carassius auratus. The parvalbumin removal rate reached 93% in 4 h at an enzyme dosage of 72 U/mL. The study showed the potential of VSP2V‐280 to remove parvalbumin from aquatic products.
Suitability Evaluation of CO2 Geological Storage in Deep Coal Seam: A Case Study in the Eastern Margin of Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Ma Haojie , Meng Yanjun , Zhang Xinyu , Cui Xiaosong , Wang Jiaoxia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCO2 coal seam storage is a significant component of carbon capture and storage technology, which serves as a pivotal technical instrument for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The Ordos Basin develops a considerable number of unminable coal seams, which present an optimal place for CO2 coal seam storage. This paper presents an investigation into the geological characteristics of the No.4 coal seam reservoir in the Shanxi Formation of Permian age and the No.8 coal seam reservoir in the Benxi Formation of Carboniferous age. To explore the adsorption capacity of coal rock and the sealing performance of caprock, relevant experiments were conducted. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the adsorption capacity of CO2 on the coal samples is 1.11–3.73 times that of CH4. The results of the breakthrough pressure test demonstrate that the mudstone sealing performance is the most effective, followed by dense limestone and sandy mudstone. Combined with the geological data of the study area, the analytic hierarchy process method was used to evaluate the CO2 storage potential of coal seams. The areas suitable for geological storage of CO2 in the study area are located in the central part and the south‐central part.
What's Trust Got to Do With It? Interpersonal and Institutional Trust in University Faculty
Authors: Gratz Erin , Looney Lisa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHigher education institutions are in a state of flux. To remain viable, faculty and administrators need to work together through a healthy shared governance process to implement changes that reflect their institutions’ mission, market, and organizational culture, which requires trust. Trust has been shown to be a critical component of the workplace yet has remained under‐researched within higher education. This gap in the literature necessitates the exploration of how trust operates amongst higher education faculty. This study explored the relationship between interpersonal and institutional trust, and whether interpersonal trust predicts institutional trust in faculty members at mid‐sized universities. Eighty‐nine faculty from all ranks across multiple institutions were surveyed on their trust in colleagues, deans, and their institution. Results showed significant relationships between faculty trust in colleagues and faculty trust in deans, between faculty trust in colleagues and institutional trust, and between faculty trust in deans and institutional trust. Faculty trust in colleagues and deans was determined to be a predictor of institutional trust; however, faculty rank was a higher predictor, indicating that faculty with higher rank reported less trust. Implications for these findings are discussed, with an emphasis on how administrators’ focus on trust can benefit the university.
Relevance of Sentinel Nodes in Atypical Territories in Surgically Treated Patients With T1‐2N0 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Campos Alejandro Mazarro , Barba Manel Sáez , de Pablo García‐Cuenca Alba , Pamias‐Romero Jorge , Roca‐Bielsa Isabel , Alberola‐Ferranti Margarita , Bescós‐Atín Coro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsSeventy‐five patients (mean age 62 years) diagnosed with cT1‐2 N0 underwent SLNB with 99mTc, lymphoscintigraphy/SPECT–CT, and gamma probe detection with intraoperative histological examination of the resected sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Elective neck dissection was performed during the same surgical procedure of primary tumor resection when malignant deposits were detected microscopically.ResultsThe rate of occult metastases was 10.1% (26 out of 258 SLNs) and 24% (18 out of 75 patients). In 61 cases of well‐lateralized tumors, metastases were detected in 11.1% (23 out of 208 SLNs), with an 11.5% metastatic rate in necks with ipsilateral drainage and 1.0% in necks with contralateral drainage patterns. In 28 patients with SLNs removed beyond Levels I–III, the rate of skip metastasis was 1.3%. The SLNB procedure for the detection of metastasis in patients with OSCC stage cT1‐2 N0 showed a sensitivity of 94.7%, a specificity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 98.2%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.7%.ConclusionsThe analysis of atypical SLN plays an important role in refining the characterization of cervical involvement and tailoring the therapeutic approach to the actual extent of the disease.
circHOMER1 Alleviates Sevoflurane‐Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Injury via Targeted Negative Regulation of miR‐217
Authors: Wen Jipeng , Long Feiyu , Bi Xiaobo , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSevoflurane (Sev) is a widely applied anesthetic in clinical practice; however, it could induce neurotoxicity and lead to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of circHOMER1 in Sev‐induced neurotoxicity and POCD. Sev treated mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells and SD rats. RT‐qPCR was used to detect the levels of circHOMER1 and miR‐217. ELISA was employed to measure the levels of inflammatory factors IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. Commercially available kits assessed the concentration of MDA and measured the activities LDH and SOD. The CCK‐8 assay assessed cell viability. Flow cytometry analyzed cell apoptosis. The Morris water maze test evaluated the learning and cognitive abilities of the rats. Dual luciferase reporter assays and RIP experiments validated the targeted binding of circHOMER1 to miR‐217. Sev treatment significantly reduces cell viability, increases apoptosis, stimulates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and induces learning and memory impairments in SD rats. Following exposure to Sev, the expression of circHOMER1 is markedly decreased, while overexpression of circHOMER1 can alleviate Sev‐induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and learning and memory deficits in rats. CircHOMER1 targets miR‐217, and transfection of miR‐217 antagonizes the neuroprotective effects of circHOMER1. This study demonstrated that circHOMER1 negatively regulated miR‐217, thereby inhibiting Sev‐induced neurotoxicity and learning and memory disorders.
SMAD4 Regulates the Expression of LCK Affecting Chimeric Antigen Receptor‐T Cells Proliferation Through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wan Rongxue , Fu Bowen , Fu Xiaokang , Liu Zengping , Simayi Nafeisha , Fu Yongshui , Liang Huaqin , Li Chengyao , Huang Wenhua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe proliferation of CAR‐T cells was hindered and cannot play its killing function well in solid tumors. And yet the regulatory mechanism of CAR‐T cell proliferation is not fully understood. Here, we showed that recombinant expression of CD19CAR in T cells significantly increased the basal activation level of CAR‐T cells and LCK activation. Both LCK and SMAD4 were essential for CAR‐T cells proliferation since over‐express LCK or SMAD4 significantly promotes CAR‐T cells proliferation, while knock‐down LCK or SMAD4 expression inhibited the proliferation of CAR‐T cells seriously. More cells go into apoptosis when knock‐down LCK or SMAD4 expression, and the cell cycle was arrested in G2/M or S phase, respectively. Over‐express LCK or SMAD4 significantly promotes phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, while it was inhibited when cells were treated with PI3K and Akt inhibitors (LY294002 or MK2206). Further mechanism exploration experiments showed that SMAD4 bound on the promoter region of LCK regulating its expression. Taken together, we reported that the transcription factor SMAD4 regulated the expression of LCK and further involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to affect the proliferation of CAR‐T cells.
Capillary Filtration of Plasma is Accelerated During General Anesthesia: A Secondary Population Volume Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Hahn Robert G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHow infusion fluids are distributed and eliminated is of importance to how much and how fast they should be administered. This manuscript applies population pharmacokinetic modeling to intravenous infusions of crystalloid fluid, which is a common therapy in hospital care and mandatory during surgery. The analysis was based on the hemodilution and urine output measured during and after 262 infusions of 1647 ± 461 mL (mean ± SD) of fluid over 30 min in adults. The result shows that distribution of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial fluid space occurred twice as fast during general anesthesia as compared to the conscious state. The increased rate ensures adequate nutritional flow to the cells despite decreased flow in the macrocirculation, which is a characteristic of general anesthesia. This increased capillary leakage of fluid was coupled with an even greater reduction of the urinary output and accumulation of fluid in both the fast‐exchange interstitial fluid space and a remote “third fluid space,” the latter of which apparently serves as an overflow reservoir. During the first hour of the experiments, 88% more fluid resided extravascularly in the presence of general anesthesia than in the awake state. General anesthesia increased the half‐life from 1.8 to 16.6 h, showing marked impairment in the handling of infused crystalloid fluid.
A Comparative Study on Kidney Morphology of Anatolian Ground Squirrels, Rabbits, and Rats
Authors: Kose Fatma , Orhan Imdat , Beyaz Feyzullah , Poscu Osman Talha , Alan Aydın , Duzler Ayhan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, the kidneys of ground squirrels (hibernated and nonhibernated), rabbits, and rats were examined macro and microanatomically. Kidney morphology was investigated by stereo microscopy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Triple and immunohistochemical staining were performed for light microscopic examinations. Cold crushing and takilon injection into the renal arteries were performed for scanning electron microscopic examinations. The course and branching of intrarenal capillaries and morphologic features from glomeruli to foramina papillaria were demonstrated. The location, position, shape, weight, and size of the kidneys of the three species studied were determined. Relative medullary thickness (RMT) and kidney index (Ki) values were calculated from the measurements. Based on the RMT values of the three species, it was concluded that they are mammals belonging to the semiarid and humid habitat category. The number of nephrons with long segments was high in the kidneys of all three species. Structural findings suggested that the rat may produce more concentrated urine than the ground squirrel, and the ground squirrel may produce more concentrated urine than the rabbit. The mean diameter of the renal corpuscles was 112.5 μm in the hibernated ground squirrel, 137.6 μm in the nonhibernated ground squirrel, 138.1 μm in the rabbit, and 137.8 μm in the rat. In hibernated ground squirrels, a narrowing of the cavum glomeruli and a decrease in renal corpuscle diameters were found. In contrast to ground squirrel and rat kidneys, rabbit kidneys showed the presence of species‐specific subcapsular glomeruli. Immunohistochemistry (antinestin antibody) staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the structure of podocytes in detail. Species‐specific area cribrosa configurations were detected in the renal papillae of the kidneys we examined. With this study, new renal morphological findings were obtained in ground squirrels, rabbits, and rats.
DetectEV: A functional enzymatic assay to assess integrity and bioactivity of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Adamo Giorgia , Picciotto Sabrina , Gargano Paola , Paterna Angela , Raccosta Samuele , Rao Estella , Romancino Daniele Paolo , Ghersi Giulio , Manno Mauro , Salamone Monica , Bongiovanni Antonella 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as therapeutics or nanocarriers in cell‐free therapies necessitates meticulous evaluations of different features, including their identity, bioactivity, batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, and stability. Given the inherent heterogeneity in EV preparations, this assessment demands sensitive functional assays to provide key quality control metrics, complementing established methods to ensure that EV preparations meet the required functionality and quality standards. Here, we introduce the detectEV assay, an enzymatic‐based approach for assessing EV luminal cargo bioactivity and membrane integrity. This method is fast, cost‐effective, and quantifiable through enzymatic units. Utilizing microalgae‐derived EVs, known as nanoalgosomes, as model systems, we optimised the assay parameters and validated its sensitivity and specificity in quantifying the enzymatic activity of esterases within the EV lumen while also evaluating EV membrane integrity. Compared to conventional methods that assess physicochemical features of EVs, our single‐step analysis efficiently detects batch‐to‐batch variations by evaluating changes in luminal cargo bioactivity and integrity across various EV samples, including differences under distinct storage conditions and following diverse isolation and exogenous loading methods, all using small sample sizes. The detectEV assay's application to various human‐derived EV types demonstrated its versatility and potential universality. Additionally, the assay effectively predicted EV functionality, such as the antioxidant activity of different nanoalgosome batches. Our findings underscore the detectEV assay's utility in comprehensive characterization of EV functionality and integrity, enhancing batch‐to‐batch reproducibility and facilitating their therapeutic applications.
Balanced Independent Sets and Colorings of Hypergraphs
Authors: Dhawan Abhishek 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA ‐uniform hypergraph is ‐partite if can be partitioned into sets such that every edge in contains precisely one vertex from each . We call such a graph ‐balanced if for each . An independent set in is balanced if for each , and a coloring is balanced if each color class induces a balanced independent set in . In this paper, we provide a lower bound on the balanced independence number in terms of the average degree , and an upper bound on the balanced chromatic number in terms of the maximum degree . Our results recover those of recent work of Chakraborti for .
Packing Colourings in Complete Bipartite Graphs and the Inverse Problem for Correspondence Packing
Authors: Cambie Stijn , Hämäläinen Rimma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTApplications of graph colouring often involve taking restrictions into account, and it is desirable to have multiple (disjoint) solutions. In the optimal case, where there is a partition into disjoint colourings, we speak of a packing. However, even for complete bipartite graphs, the list chromatic number can be arbitrarily large, and its exact determination is generally difficult. For the packing variant, this question becomes even harder. In this paper, we study the correspondence‐ and list‐packing numbers of (asymmetric) complete bipartite graphs. In the most asymmetric cases, Latin squares come into play. Our results show that every can be equal to the correspondence packing number of a graph. We disprove a recent conjecture that relates the list packing number and the list flexibility number. Additionally, we improve the threshold functions for the correspondence packing variant.