bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing comorbid cognitive impairment and hearing loss in older adults: a UK survey of audiology and memory services
Authors: Omar Rohani , Kuo Louise , Costafreda Sergi G , Hall Amanda , Forbes Marina , O’Brien John T , Schilder Anne G M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
midlife hearing loss is a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia. Addressing comorbid hearing loss and cognitive impairment in services for older adults may offer opportunities to reduce dementia risk.

Objective
to explore current practice and views amongst UK professionals regarding hearing assessment and care in memory clinics and cognitive assessment and care in hearing aid clinics.

Methods
national survey study. Between July 2021 and March 2022, we distributed the online survey link via email and via QR codes at conferences to professionals working in National Health Service (NHS) memory services and audiologists working in NHS and private adult audiology services. We present descriptive statistics.

Results
135 professionals working in NHS memory services and 156 audiologists (68% NHS, 32% private sector) responded. Of those working in memory services, 79% estimate that &gt;25% of their patients have significant hearing difficulties; 98% think it useful to ask about hearing difficulties and 91% do so; 56% think it useful to perform a hearing test in clinic but only 4% do so. Of audiologists, 36% estimate that &gt;25% of their older adult patients have significant memory problems; 90% think it useful to perform cognitive assessments, but only 4% do so. Main barriers cited are lack of training, time and resources.

Conclusions
although professionals working in memory and audiology services felt addressing this comorbidity would be useful, current practice varies and does not generally address it. These results inform future research into operational solutions to integrating memory and audiology services.
Managing the risks of an asbestos bulk storage facility at a research institute
Authors: Ntlailane Lebogang , Sebola Lerato , Singo Dikeledi , Nthoke Tebogo , Mizan Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The South African National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH), formerly the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit, has previously milled about 544 kg of anthophyllite, crocidolite, amosite and chrysotile asbestos fibre materials. This endeavour came about in an attempt to address a recommendation, made by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), to make asbestos standard reference samples available for research. Some of these reference samples, as well as the bulk, unprocessed materials are still within the care of the NIOH and can be obtained for the purpose of Public Health research under strict terms and conditions. Considering the hazardous nature of asbestos and regulated prohibitions imposed on this mineral, the NIOH asbestos storage facility is being subjected to various occupational and environmental control measures to ensure that any potential fibre release, and subsequent risk of exposure, are prevented.
Impact of student-selected pairing on collaborative task engagement
Authors: Tsoi Sze Ching , Aubrey Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of student-selected pairs on emotional engagement and language-learning opportunities generated during collaborative tasks. Sixteen learners of English at a Hong Kong secondary school performed collaborative tasks in two pairing arrangements: student-selected pairing and teacher-assigned pairing (mixed proficiency). Data sources include transcripts of task interactions, a self-selection questionnaire that assessed learners’ criteria for selecting a partner, and a post-task emotional engagement questionnaire. The results revealed that learners’ choice of partner was primarily based on friendship, and that, compared to the teacher-assigned pairing arrangement, self-selection led to elevated levels of enjoyment. However, neither arrangement had an overall advantage in terms of generating language-related discussions. A qualitative analysis of task interactions revealed that student-selected pairs more frequently used the L1 to elaborate and resolve English language issues, but the friendship nature of these collaborations also led to more frequent off-task discussions, limiting their language learning opportunities.
Rumour, slander and propaganda in fifteenth-century Scottish politics
Authors: McKelvie Gordon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Early modernists have recognized the importance of propaganda and public opinion in Scotland after the development of print culture and the Reformation. Consequently, there is an impression that these sixteenth-century developments were new features of political life. Yet the role of rumour and slander in the political culture of fifteenth-century Scotland has gone unnoticed, despite numerous references in the contemporary records. Several acts of political violence throughout the century were followed by attempts by the crown, and its opponents, to present a coherent narrative of events. These competing narratives were the impetus for the development of propaganda in fifteenth-century Scotland.
Prescribed-time stabilization of uncertain heat equation with Dirichlet boundary control
Authors: Wei Chengzhou , Li Junmin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper designs a Dirichlet boundary controller to stabilize a heat equation with boundary disturbance within a prescribed finite time independent of initial conditions. We first use boundary measurements and time-varying gain to construct a disturbance estimator that estimates the disturbance itself and the system state within a prescribed time. We then design the estimation-based prescribed time boundary controller by the backstepping transformation with a time-varying kernel. The control gain proposed here diverges as the time approaches the prescribed time. Nevertheless, we can demonstrate the controller’s boundedness and the system’s prescribed time stability. A simulation example illustrates the theoretical result.
When can forward stable algorithms be composed stably?
Authors: Beltrán Carlos , Noferini Vanni , Vannieuwenhoven Nick 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We state some widely satisfied hypotheses, depending only on two functions $g$ and $h$, under which the composition of a forward stable algorithm for $g$ and a forward stable algorithm for $h$ is a forward stable algorithm for the composition $g \circ h$. We show that the failure of these conditions can potentially lead to unstable algorithms. Finally, we list a number of examples to illustrate the new concepts and the usability of the results.
Serum Metabolomic Profiles for Distinguishing Lung Cancer From Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Identification of Rapid and Noninvasive Biomarker
Authors: Chen Siyu , Li Chunyan , Qin Zhonghua , Song Lili , Zhang Shiyuan , Sun Chongxiang , Zhuang Pengwei , Wang Yuming , Yang Bin , Ning Li , Li Yubo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and lung cancer (LC) have similar clinical symptoms and atypical imaging findings, which are easily misdiagnosed. There is an urgent need for a noninvasive and accurate biomarker to distinguish LC from PTB.

Methods
A total of 694 subjects were enrolled and divided into discovery set (n = 122), identification set (n = 214), and validation set (n = 358). Metabolites were identified by multivariate and univariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers.

Results
Seven metabolites were identified and validated. Phenylalanylphenylalanine for distinguishing LC from PTB yielded an area under the curve of 0.89, sensitivity of 71%, and specificity of 92%. It also showed good diagnostic abilities in discovery set and identification set. Compared with that in healthy volunteers (median [interquartile range], 1.57 [1.01, 2.34] μg/mL), it was elevated in LC (4.76 [2.74, 7.08] μg/mL; ratio of median, [ROM] = 3.03, P &lt; .01) and reduced in PTB (1.06 [0.51, 2.09] μg/mL; ROM = 0.68, P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The metabolomic profile of LC and PTB was described and a key biomarker identified. We produced a rapid and noninvasive method to supplement existing clinical diagnostic examinations for distinguishing LC from PTB.
Altered physical phenotypes of leukemia cells that survive chemotherapy treatment
Authors: Ly Chau , Ogana Heather , Kim Hye Na , Hurwitz Samantha , Deeds Eric J , Kim Yong-Mi , Rowat Amy C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The recurrence of cancer following chemotherapy treatment is a major cause of death across solid and hematologic cancers. In B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), relapse after initial chemotherapy treatment leads to poor patient outcomes. Here we test the hypothesis that chemotherapy-treated versus control B-ALL cells can be characterized based on cellular physical phenotypes. To quantify physical phenotypes of chemotherapy-treated leukemia cells, we use cells derived from B-ALL patients that are treated for 7 days with a standard multidrug chemotherapy regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase (VDL). We conduct physical phenotyping of VDL-treated versus control cells by tracking the sequential deformations of single cells as they flow through a series of micron-scale constrictions in a microfluidic device; we call this method Quantitative Cyclical Deformability Cytometry. Using automated image analysis, we extract time-dependent features of deforming cells including cell size and transit time (TT) with single-cell resolution. Our findings show that VDL-treated B-ALL cells have faster TTs and transit velocity than control cells, indicating that VDL-treated cells are more deformable. We then test how effectively physical phenotypes can predict the presence of VDL-treated cells in mixed populations of VDL-treated and control cells using machine learning approaches. We find that TT measurements across a series of sequential constrictions can enhance the classification accuracy of VDL-treated cells in mixed populations using a variety of classifiers. Our findings suggest the predictive power of cell physical phenotyping as a complementary prognostic tool to detect the presence of cells that survive chemotherapy treatment. Ultimately such complementary physical phenotyping approaches could guide treatment strategies and therapeutic interventions.
Insight box Cancer cells that survive chemotherapy treatment are major contributors to patient relapse, but the ability to predict recurrence remains a challenge. Here we investigate the physical properties of leukemia cells that survive treatment with chemotherapy drugs by deforming individual cells through a series of micron-scale constrictions in a microfluidic channel. Our findings reveal that leukemia cells that survive chemotherapy treatment are more deformable than control cells. We further show that machine learning algorithms applied to physical phenotyping data can predict the presence of cells that survive chemotherapy treatment in a mixed population. Such an integrated approach using physical phenotyping and machine learning could be valuable to guide patient treatments.
Marking Radical Aesthetics in the Time of Racial Capitalism
Authors: Gržinić Marina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article examines colonialism, the regime of whiteness, and feminism; it sketches possible genealogies of theories and practices in order to design an aesthetic of radicality or a radical aesthetic that is insurgent and defiant, based on histories and knowledge. We know that aesthetics is a colonial formation that historically and currently privileges the white European bourgeois who could speculate on the beautiful and the good, while genocidal practices and slave trade were carried out from European soil in other parts of the world. Similarly, the Shoah, the still unthinkable genocide that happened on European soil in the twentieth century and shaped the European present, is still, at its base, covered by rhetorically empty constructions of aesthetic perception, practices, and theories. A radical aesthetics must realign all these categories, not only with a cynical gesture of inversion but to situate them categorically and ethically elsewhere.
Characterization of the number of spot samples required for quantification of gas fluxes and metabolic heat production from grazing beef cows using a GreenFeed
Authors: Dressler Elizabeth A , Bormann Jennifer M , Weaber Robert L , Rolf Megan M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Enteric fermentation from cattle results in greenhouse gas production that is an environmental concern and also an energetic loss. Several methods exist to quantify gas fluxes; however, an open circuit gas quantification system (OCGQS) allows for unencumbered quantification of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2) from grazing cattle. While previous literature has proven the accuracy of an OCGQS, little work has been done to establish the minimum number of spot samples required to best evaluate an individual grazing animal’s gas fluxes and metabolic heat production. A GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc.) was used to collect at least 100 spot samples each from 17 grazing cows. The mean gas fluxes and metabolic heat production were computed starting from the first 10 visits (forward) and increasing by increments of 10 until an animal had 100 visits. Mean gas fluxes and metabolic heat production were also computed starting from visit 100 (reverse) in increments of 10 using the same approach. Pearson and Spearman correlations were computed between the full 100 visits and each shortened visit interval. A large increase in correlations were seen between 30 and 40 visits. Thus, mean forward and reverse gas fluxes and metabolic heat production were also computed starting at 30 visits and increasing by 2 until 40 visits. The minimum number of spot samples was determined when correlations with the full 100 visits were greater than 0.95. The results indicated that the minimum numbers of spot samples needed for accurate quantification of CH4, CO2, and O2 gas fluxes are 38, 40, and 40, respectively. Metabolic heat production can be calculated using gas fluxes collected by the OCGQS with 36 spot samples. Practically, calculation of metabolic heat production will require 40 spot samples because the component gases for metabolic heat calculation require up to 40 spot samples. Published literature from nongrazing (confined) environments recommended a similar number of total spot samples. Large variation existed around the average number of spot samples for an animal per day, therefore a wide range of test durations may be needed to meet the same number of spot samples in different populations. For this reason, protocols for the OCGQS should be based on the total number of spot samples, rather than a test duration.
The prevalence of Wolbachia in multiple cockroach species and its implication for urban insect management
Authors: Oladipupo Seun O , Laidoudi Younes , Beckmann John F , Hu Xing Ping , Appel Arthur G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cockroach management relies heavily on the use of conventional insecticides in urban settings, which no longer provide the anticipated level of control. Knowledge of cockroach endosymbionts, like Wolbachia, might provide novel avenues for control. Therefore, we screened 16 cockroach species belonging to 3 families (Ectobiidae, Blattidae, and Blaberidae) for the presence of Wolbachia. We mapped the evolution of Wolbachia-cockroach relationships based on maximum likelihood phylogeny and phylogenetic species clustering on a multi-loci sequence dataset (i.e., coxA, virD4, hcpA, and gatB) of Wolbachia genes. We confirmed the previous report of Wolbachia in 1 Ectobiid species; Supella longipalpa (Fab.), and detected the presence of Wolbachia in 2 Ectobiid species; Balta notulata (Stål) and Pseudomops septentrionalis Hebard, and 1 Blaberid species; Gromphadorhina portentosa (Schaum). All cockroach-associated Wolbachia herein detected were clustered with the ancestor of F clade Wolbachia of Cimex lectularius L. (bed bugs). Since Wolbachia provision C. lectularius with biotin vitamins that confer reproductive fitness, we screened the cockroach-associated Wolbachia for the presence of biotin genes. In toto, our results reveal 2 important findings: (i) Wolbachia is relatively uncommon among cockroach species infecting about 25% of species investigated, and (ii) cockroach-associated Wolbachia have biotin genes that likely provide nutritional benefits to their hosts. Thus, we discuss the potential of exploring Wolbachia as a tool for urban insect management.
Genomic resources for Asian (Elephas maximus) and African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) conservation and health research
Authors: Prado Natalia A , Armstrong Ellie E , Brown Janine L , Goldenberg Shifra Z , Leimgruber Peter , Pearson Virginia R , Maldonado Jesús E , Campana Michael G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We provide novel genomic resources to help understand the genomic traits involved in elephant health and to aid conservation efforts. We sequence 11 elephant genomes (5 African savannah, 6 Asian) from North American zoos, including 9 de novo assemblies. We estimate elephant germline mutation rates and reconstruct demographic histories. Finally, we provide an in-solution capture assay to genotype Asian elephants. This assay is suitable for analyzing degraded museum and noninvasive samples, such as feces and hair. The elephant genomic resources we present here should allow for more detailed and uniform studies in the future to aid elephant conservation efforts and disease research.
Functional Zoning by Site Index to Balance Multiple Objectives for Pine in Southern US Family Forests
Authors: Resch Bradley S , Himes Austin , Grado Stephen C , Grala Robert K , Kanieski da Silva Bruno 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFamily forests comprise a significant portion of total forest land area in the southern United States and their owners frequently have multiple, competing objectives. This research evaluated the effectiveness of functional zoning based on site index on forest sizes relevant to family forest owners. A total of fifty family forests were randomly selected from twenty-five counties in the East Texas Pineywoods region. Timber production and northern bobwhite habitat (Colinus virginianus) habitat were used as proxies for competing objectives. It was found that 80% of family forest parcels had sufficient site index heterogeneity to benefit from functional zoning. For forest parcels that could benefit from functional zoning, the benefit in terms of increased land expectation value (LEV) was not found to be dependent on parcel size. On average, this approach increased the LEV $32/ac at a 3% discount rate, $16/ac at 5%, and $9/ac at 7%. This zoning approach supports multiple objectives while minimizing the economic impact of the nonrevenue objectives.
The Shared Stewardship Strategy in the Southern United States: Lessons Learned
Authors: Kee Destin , Abrams Jesse , Aldworth Tyler , Schultz Courtney , Kooistra Chad , Huber-Stearns Heidi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The USDA Forest Service (Forest Service)’s Shared Stewardship strategy, announced initially in 2018, is built on a vision of advancing federal partnerships with states and other entities to better accomplish shared forest management priorities at the landscape scale. Early implementation of the strategy provides a glimpse into how these partnership dynamics differ both among states and among geographic and jurisdictional regions. Building on a prior assessment of early Shared Stewardship implementation in the western states, this Brief Communication article provides insights from a parallel analysis in the Southern Region (Region 8) of the Forest Service. Our results highlight the fact that informal relationships and ways of doing business can be as important as formal policies in shaping the ways that federal, state, and other entities work together in practice.
Giant perineal epidermoid cyst in adult man: a rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Kimolo Mathias , Mbwambo Orgeness Jasper , Seif Mshangama , Mbwambo Jasper Said , Mremi Alex , Mteta Alfred Kien , Bright Frank , Ngowi Bartholomeo Nicholaus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An epidermoid cyst is a common benign cutaneous mass that mostly occurs on the neck, face and trunk. The majority of epidermoid cysts are small and asymptomatic with the giant perineal epidermal cyst being rare and more liable to develop complications such as malignant transformation. The treatment of an epidermal cyst involves total excision of the cyst along with its wall to prevent recurrence. We present an unusual case of a giant perineal epidermal cyst in a 52-year-old male.
Pleomorphic adenoma in tonsil
Authors: Skylis Robert Reis , de Souza Gabriela Bueno , de Almeida Ricardo Camillo , Dedivitis Rogério Aparecido 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Salivary tumors that involve the tonsil are rare, representing 0.5% of salivary neoplasms. Most tumors arise from the parotid glands. Rare studies have been reported in the literature regarding pleomorphic adenomas affecting the tonsil. Patients are usually asymptomatic and present with a slow-growing, mobile and painless mass. Radiological examinations are usually unable to differentiate benign from malignant tumors in most cases. There is low recurrence with complete excision of the tumor. The prognosis is excellent except in the rare cases of malignant transformation. This report describes the management of a case of pleomorphic adenoma affecting the palatine tonsils and the difficulty regarding the histopathological diagnosis.
Protein oxidation increases SAMHD1 binding ssDNA via its regulatory site
Authors: Simermeyer Theresa L , Batalis Stephanie , Rogers LeAnn C , Zalesak Owen J , Hollis Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
SAMHD1 dNTP hydrolase activity places it at the crossroad of several important biological pathways, such as viral restriction, cell cycle regulation, and innate immunity. Recently, a dNTPase independent function for SAMHD1 in homologous recombination (HR) of DNA double-strand breaks has been identified. SAMHD1 function and activity is regulated by several post-translational modifications, including protein oxidation. Here, we showed that oxidation of SAMHD1 increases ssDNA binding affinity and occurs in a cell cycle-dependent manner during S phase consistent with a role in HR. We determined the structure of oxidized SAMHD1 in complex with ssDNA. The enzyme binds ssDNA at the regulatory sites at the dimer interface. We propose a mechanism that oxidation of SAMHD1 acts as a functional switch to toggle between dNTPase activity and DNA binding.