bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency hernia repair: a retrospective cross‐sectional study on the treatment modalities and adherence to guidelines in a tertiary public hospital
Authors: Seppey Romain , Benjamin Aditya , Lambrakis Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmergency presentations of hernias can pose significant morbidity. In addition, providing optimal surgical intervention can be challenging due to patient and disease factors with multiple treatment modalities available. Recently there have been several guidelines written to help standardize practices in hernia management. The aim of our study was to review emergency hernia operations at our tertiary level teaching hospital, the method of repair and how this matched to international guidelines.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of all the patients who underwent emergency hernia surgery for strangulated/incarcerated hernias in our department over a 3‐year period. Adherence to guidelines was assessed looking at appropriateness of mesh utilization, as well as the appropriateness of antibiotic usage.ResultsA total of 184 cases from April 1st 2018 to March 31st 2021 were included. Of these hernias 12% contained necrotic or perforated bowel, 42% contained viable incarcerated bowel, and 45% contained just incarcerated fat. The compliance to the appropriate use of mesh overall was 85%, with a variation by hernia type. The global compliance to appropriate antibiotic therapy was high, at 89.7%. With antibiotic use compliance being very high in clean wounds (95.6%), and dirty wounds (100%). But lower in clean/contaminated or contaminated wounds (36.8%).ConclusionCompliance at our hospital was globally good. Areas of decreased compliance seem to be mostly regarding mesh use and antibiotic use in potentially contaminated fields and the concept of risk of bacterial translocation versus actual contamination, as well as in mesh use in smaller umbilical hernias.
Infants were introduced to complementary feeding earlier in 2018 compared with 2003
Authors: Strömberg Celind Frida , Goksör Emma , Carlén Elisabeth , Schilling Birte , Alm Bernt , Wennergren Göran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimUntil 2001, the Swedish advice was to postpone the introduction of eggs, fish and peanuts until the age of 1 year. One reason was to reduce the risk of food allergy. The earlier introduction of complementary feeding is now advised. Our aim was to study adherence to current recommendations and whether the time of introduction changed between 2003 and 2018.MethodsData were obtained from two prospective, longitudinal, population‐based cohort studies of children born in 2003 (n = 4987) and in 2018 (n = 3936). Parents answered comparable questionnaires when the children were 6 and 12 months old.ResultsAt 6 months, in the 2018 cohort, eggs were introduced to 67.2% of the infants, fish to 78.9%, gluten to 89.1%, cow's milk to 76.6% and peanuts to 46.2%. In adjusted Cox regression analyses, introduction of complementary feeding with gluten, fish and eggs was made significantly earlier in the 2018 cohort compared with the 2003 cohort, adjusted for heredity, own allergic disease and parental educational level (p < 0.01).ConclusionComplementary feeding with eggs, fish and gluten was introduced earlier in infants born in 2018 compared with 2003, possibly reducing the risk of developing allergic disease. Current recommendations from child welfare centres are being followed.
Physically Based Shape Matching
Authors: Müller Matthias , Macklin Miles , Chentanez Nuttapong , Jeschke Stefan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe shape matching method is a popular approach to simulate deformable objects in interactive applications due to its stability and simplicity. An important feature is that there is no need for a mesh since the method works on arbitrary local groups within a set of particles. A major drawback of shape matching is the fact that it is geometrically motivated and not derived from physical principles which makes calibration difficult. The fact that the method does not conserve volume can yield visual artifacts, e.g. when a tire is compressed but does not bulge.In this paper we present a new meshless simulation method that is related to shape matching but derived from continuous constitutive models. Volume conservation and stiffness can be specified with physical parameters. Further, if the elements of a tetrahedral mesh are used as groups, our method perfectly reproduces FEM based simulations.
Pose Representations for Deep Skeletal Animation
Authors: Andreou N. , Aristidou A. , Chrysanthou Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractData‐driven skeletal animation relies on the existence of a suitable learning scheme, which can capture the rich context of motion. However, commonly used motion representations often fail to accurately encode the full articulation of motion, or present artifacts. In this work, we address the fundamental problem of finding a robust pose representation for motion, suitable for deep skeletal animation, one that can better constrain poses and faithfully capture nuances correlated with skeletal characteristics. Our representation is based on dual quaternions, the mathematical abstractions with well‐defined operations, which simultaneously encode rotational and positional orientation, enabling a rich encoding, centered around the root. We demonstrate that our representation overcomes common motion artifacts, and assess its performance compared to other popular representations. We conduct an ablation study to evaluate the impact of various losses that can be incorporated during learning. Leveraging the fact that our representation implicitly encodes skeletal motion attributes, we train a network on a dataset comprising of skeletons with different proportions, without the need to retarget them first to a universal skeleton, which causes subtle motion elements to be missed. Qualitative results demonstrate the usefulness of the parameterization in skeleton‐specific synthesis.
Local offset point cloud transformer based implicit surface reconstruction
Authors: Yang Y. X. , Zhang S. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImplicit neural representations, such as MLP, can well recover the topology of watertight object. However, MLP fails to recover geometric details of watertight object and complicated topology due to dealing with point cloud in a point‐wise manner. In this paper, we propose a point cloud transformer called local offset point cloud transformer (LOPCT) as a feature fusion module. Before using MLP to learn the implicit function, the input point cloud is first fed into the local offset transformer, which adaptively learns the dependency of the local point cloud and obtains the enhanced features of each point. The feature‐enhanced point cloud is then fed into the MLP to recover the geometric details and sharp features of watertight object and complex topology. Extensive reconstruction experiments of watertight object and complex topology demonstrate that our method achieves comparable or better results than others in terms of recovering sharp features and geometric details. In addition, experiments on watertight objects demonstrate the robustness of our method in terms of average result.
DiffusionPointLabel: Annotated Point Cloud Generation with Diffusion Model
Authors: Li Tingting , Fu Yunfei , Han Xiaoguang , Liang Hui , Zhang Jian Jun , Chang Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoint cloud generation aims to synthesize point clouds that do not exist in supervised dataset. Generating a point cloud with certain semantic labels remains an under‐explored problem. This paper proposes a formulation called DiffusionPointLabel, which completes point‐label pair generation based on a DDPM generative model (Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model). Specifically, we use a point cloud diffusion generative model and aggregate the intermediate features of the generator. On top of this, we propose Feature Interpreter that transforms intermediate features into semantic labels. Furthermore, we employ an uncertainty measure to filter unqualified point‐label pairs for a better quality of generated point cloud dataset. Coupling these two designs enables us to automatically generate annotated point clouds, especially when supervised point‐labels pairs are scarce. Our method extends the application of point cloud generation models and surpasses state‐of‐the‐art models.
Ref‐ZSSR: Zero‐Shot Single Image Superresolution with Reference Image
Authors: Han Xianjun , Wang Xue , Wang Huabin , Li Xuejun , Yang Hongyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle image superresolution (SISR) has achieved substantial progress based on deep learning. Many SISR methods acquire pairs of low‐resolution (LR) images from their corresponding high‐resolution (HR) counterparts. Being unsupervised, this kind of method also demands large‐scale training data. However, these paired images and a large amount of training data are difficult to obtain. Recently, several internal, learning‐based methods have been introduced to address this issue. Although requiring a large quantity of training data pairs is solved, the ability to improve the image resolution is limited if only the information of the LR image itself is applied. Therefore, we further expand this kind of approach by using similar HR reference images as prior knowledge to assist the single input image. In this paper, we proposed zero‐shot single image superresolution with a reference image (Ref‐ZSSR). First, we use an unconditional generative model to learn the internal distribution of the HR reference image. Second, a dual‐path architecture that contains a downsampler and an upsampler is introduced to learn the mapping between the input image and its downscaled image. Finally, we combine the reference image learning module and dual‐path architecture module to train a new generative model that can generate a superresolution (SR) image with the details of the HR reference image. Such a design encourages a simple and accurate way to transfer relevant textures from the reference high‐definition (HD) image to LR image. Compared with using only the image itself, the HD feature of the reference image improves the SR performance. In the experiment, we show that the proposed method outperforms previous image‐specific network and internal learning‐based methods.
MoMaS: Mold Manifold Simulation for real‐time procedural texturing
Authors: Maggioli F. , Marin R. , Melzi S. , Rodolà E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe slime mold algorithm has recently been under the spotlight thanks to its compelling properties studied across many disciplines like biology, computation theory, and artificial intelligence. However, existing implementations act only on planar surfaces, and no adaptation to arbitrary surfaces is available. Inspired by this gap, we propose a novel characterization of the mold algorithm to work on arbitrary curved surfaces. Our algorithm is easily parallelizable on GPUs and allows to model the evolution of millions of agents in real‐time over surface meshes with several thousand triangles, while keeping the simplicity proper of the slime paradigm. We perform a comprehensive set of experiments, providing insights on stability, behavior, and sensibility to various design choices. We characterize a broad collection of behaviors with a limited set of controllable and interpretable parameters, enabling a novel family of heterogeneous and high‐quality procedural textures. The appearance and complexity of these patterns are well‐suited to diverse materials and scopes, and we add another layer of generalization by allowing different mold species to compete and interact in parallel.
Spatio‐temporal Keyframe Control of Traffic Simulation using Coarse‐to‐Fine Optimization
Authors: Han Yi , Wang He , Jin Xiaogang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a novel traffic trajectory editing method which uses spatio‐temporal keyframes to control vehicles during the simulation to generate desired traffic trajectories. By taking self‐motivation, path following and collision avoidance into account, the proposed force‐based traffic simulation framework updates vehicle's motions in both the Frenet coordinates and the Cartesian coordinates. With the way‐points from users, lane‐level navigation can be generated by reference path planning. With a given keyframe, the coarse‐to‐fine optimization is proposed to efficiently generate the plausible trajectory which can satisfy the spatio‐temporal constraints. At first, a directed state‐time graph constructed along the reference path is used to search for a coarse‐grained trajectory by mapping the keyframe as the goal. Then, using the information extracted from the coarse trajectory as initialization, adjoint‐based optimization is applied to generate a finer trajectory with smooth motions based on our force‐based simulation. We validate our method with extensive experiments.
Efficient and Stable Simulation of Inextensible Cosserat Rods by a Compact Representation
Authors: Zhao Chongyao , Lin Jinkeng , Wang Tianyu , Bao Hujun , Huang Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPiecewise linear inextensible Cosserat rods are usually represented by Cartesian coordinates of vertices and quaternions on the segments. Such representations use excessive degrees of freedom (DOFs), and need many additional constraints, which causes unnecessary numerical difficulties and computational burden for simulation. We propose a simple yet compact representation that exactly matches the intrinsic DOFs and naturally satisfies all such constraints. Specifically, viewing a rod as a chain of rigid segments, we encode its shape as the Cartesian coordinates of its root vertex, and use axis‐angle representation for the material frame on each segment. Under our representation, the Hessian of the implicit time‐stepping has special non‐zero patterns. Exploiting such specialties, we can solve the associated linear equations in nearly linear complexity. Furthermore, we carefully designed a preconditioner, which is proved to be always symmetric positive‐definite and accelerates the PCG solver in one or two orders of magnitude compared with the widely used block‐diagonal one. Compared with other technical choices including Super‐Helices, a specially designed compact representation for inextensible Cosserat rods, our method achieves better performance and stability, and can simulate an inextensible Cosserat rod with hundreds of vertices and tens of collisions in real time under relatively large time steps.
Resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) genetic resources to the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Rahman Mohammad M. , Porter Lyndon D. , Ma Yu , Coyne Clarice J. , Zheng Ping , Chaves‐Cordoba Bernardo , Naidu Rayapati A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pea aphid (PA),Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), can cause significant damage to dry and green peas,Pisum sativumL. (Fabaceae). Identifying pea lines with resistance to PA is important to advance available control measures. This research identified lines and putative genes with resistance to PA in the USDAPisum sativumCollection located in Pullman, WA, USA, consisting of 301 lines collected worldwide. Eight commercial pea cultivars were also evaluated. A cluster analysis based on the mean number of adults, nymphs, and total aphids that developed on lines 10 days after the start of infestation by a single adult aphid per plant identified six clusters. Cluster 2, consisting of 48 lines, had the lowest aphid fecundity of all clusters with 2.1 adults, 7.3 nymphs, and 9.4 total aphids produced on average. ‘Lifter’ was the most resistant line based on low aphid fecundity. Lifter is a white‐flowered green dry pea cultivar that can advance PA resistance in food‐type peas. Genotyping by sequencing based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used in genome‐wide association mapping to locate genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to PA resistance in which three, nine, and six SNPs were associated with resistance to adult, nymph, and total number of PAs that developed on lines, respectively. Seventeen candidate genes were identified in response to PA resistance. The results can effectively be used in breeding programs to target specific genomic regions with PA resistance and in traditional breeding using resistant lines as parents.
No NFATC2 fusion in simple bone cyst of the jaw
Authors: Ong Sheena L M , Gomes Isadora P , Baelde Hans J , Passador‐Santos Fabricio , de Andrade Bruno A B , Briaire‐de Bruijn Inge H , Cavalcante Israel L , Schreuder Willem H , Cleton‐Jansen Anne‐Marie , Cleven Arjen H G , Szuhai Karoly , Gomes Carolina C , Bovée Judith V M G 
Published: March 2023

AimsSimple Bone Cysts (SBCs) predominantly occur in long bones and 59% harbour NFATC2 rearrangements. Jaw SBC is rare and was previously referred to as traumatic bone cyst. It can rarely occur in association with cemento‐osseous dysplasia (COD). To determine whether jaw SBCs represent the same entity as SBC of the long bones, or if they have a different molecular signature, we collected 48 jaw SBC cases of 47 patients to assess NFATC2 rearrangement.Methods and resultsOut of the 48 cases, 36 could be used for fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH), of which nine (two of which associated with COD) were successful using an NFATC2 split probe. The remaining cases failed to show adequate FISH signals. All nine cases lacked NFATC2 rearrangement and five of these showed no detectable gene fusions using Archer FusionPlex.ConclusionIn our study, NFATC2 rearrangement is absent in solitary jaw SBC (n = 7) and COD‐associated SBC (n = 2). Our findings suggest that SBC presenting in the jaw is molecularly different from SBC in long bones. Future molecular studies may confirm the absence of clonal molecular aberrations in SBC of the jaw which would support a non‐neoplastic, reactive origin.
Community corrections at a critical juncture: Privatisation, race, and the redefinition of the community after Attica
Authors: Kaufman Nicole 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCritical junctures can propel a reorientation of state, civil society, and market. I examine this process during an influential historical moment in the early 1970s, when actors ranging from incarcerated organisers to political elites worked to redefine the role of community organisations in corrections. These efforts resulted in a policy privatising the delivery of community‐based correctional services in the case I study in Wisconsin, USA. Using archival records, I demonstrate how this policy was situated in leaders’ anxieties about the control of Black men. I trace historically emergent relationships among racialised social control, privatisation and NGOs, which reverberate in the non‐profit sector today. The research invites further examination of moments of contingency in criminal justice policy after exceptional violence by the state.
Beyond ‘stagnation and change’?: Path dependency, translation and the ‘layering’ over time of Irish penal policy
Authors: Hamilton Claire 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the past decade or so a significant body of work on ‘Hibernian exceptionalism’ to broader punitive trends has emerged. The dominant argument and characterisation of Irish penality within this broad schema is that it is exceptional for having been largely stagnant. This article takes issue with the stagnation or ‘stickiness’ that is often supposed to characterise the Irish penal system arguing that stagnation as a form of ‘path dependency’ fails to adequately account for key moments of penal change and downplays the temporal dynamics that are often apparent in policy development. Using two key ‘policy windows’ as case studies – the 1996 ‘moral panic’ over crime and the post‐2011 turn to a more progressive penal politics – it argues that greater consideration should be given to the ‘translation’ and ‘layering’ of policy decisions and the growing complexity of policy space that may result.
Europeanisation of post‐Soviet prisons: A comparative case study of prison policy transfer from Norway to Latvia and Lithuania
Authors: Burciu Nadejda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite shared history and a common ambition to comply with European standards, post‐Soviet countries differ in the way in which they reform prisons. By investigating two most‐similar cases of policy transfer from Norway – the establishment of the Olaine Drug Centre in Latvia and the Pravieniškės Drug Unit in Lithuania – this article explains why outcomes diverge and how Western‐European carceral individualism clashes with path‐dependent carceral collectivism. Where leadership is unstable, with limited powers, the informal legacies are strong, and policy‐transfer strategy is fragmented, as in Lithuania, the outcome is likely to be non‐transformative. Where, on the contrary, leadership is stable, enjoying larger discretionary powers and the intervention strategy is holistic, as in Latvia, the import of foreign institutional models is likely to be successful.
Association of a primary care‐based mobile food pantry with child body mass index: A propensity score matched cohort study
Authors: Woo Baidal Jennifer A. , Duong Ngoc , Goldsmith Jeff , Hur Chin , Lauren Brianna N. , Partida Ivette , Rosenthal Alyson , Hulse Emma , Shea Steven , Cheung Ken , Meyer Dodi 
Published: March 2023

SummaryObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that children in Food FARMacia—a six‐month food insecurity intervention from May 2019 to January 2020—would have smaller age‐adjusted, sex‐specific body mass index (BMIz) gains than matched counterparts.MethodsIn this proof‐of‐concept study, we performed a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) analysis of a propensity‐score matched cohort among paediatric primary care patients aged <6 years with household food insecurity. Children with anthropometric measures prior to and after intervention started were included. The main outcome was child BMIz from standardized clinical anthropometric measurements. We examined differences in child BMIz change between Food FARMacia participants and matched non‐participants.ResultsAmong 454 children with household food insecurity, 265 were included, 44 of whom were in Food FARMacia. Mean child age was 1.48 (SD 1.46) years and most reported Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (84.5%). After propensity score matching, children in Food FARMacia had smaller increases in BMIz (unadjusted DiD −0.28 [−0.52, −0.04]) compared to non‐participants in the follow‐up period. After adjusting for potential confounders, findings remained statistically significant [adjusted DiD, −0.31 units (95% CI: −0.54, −0.08)].ConclusionsIn this proof‐of‐concept cohort study of children in households with food insecurity, a paediatric primary care‐based mobile food pantry program was associated with improvement in child BMIz over 6 months.
Lymphoid cell development from fetal hematopoietic progenitors and human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sun Shicheng , Wijanarko Kevin , Liani Oniko , Strumila Kathleen , Ng Elizabeth S. , Elefanty Andrew G. , Stanley Edouard G. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryLymphoid cells encompass the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells and Natural killer T cells (NKT), and innate immune cells (ILCs), including Natural Killer (NK) cells. During adult life, these lineages are thought to derive from the differentiation of long‐term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. However, during embryogenesis and fetal development, the ontogeny of lymphoid cells is both complex and multifaceted, with a large body of evidence suggesting that lymphoid lineages arise from progenitor cell populations antedating the emergence of HSCs. Recently, the application of single cell RNA‐sequencing technologies and pluripotent stem cell‐based developmental models has provided new insights into lymphoid ontogeny during embryogenesis. Indeed, PSC differentiation platforms have enabled de novo generation of lymphoid immune cells independently of HSCs, supporting conclusions drawn from the study of hematopoiesis in vivo. Here, we examine lymphoid development from non‐HSC progenitor cells and technological advances in the differentiation of human lymphoid cells from pluripotent stem cells for clinical translation.