bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mastigodiaptomus galapagoensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Diaptomidae), a possibly extinct copepod from a crater lake of the Galápagos archipelago
Authors: Elías-Gutiérrez Manuel , Steinitz-Kannan Miriam , Suárez-Morales Eduardo , López Carlos 
Published: August 2023

Background
A new species of a Neotropical diaptomid copepod is described based on individuals recovered from a small, almost forgotten collection of unique plankton samples from El Junco, a crater lake in San Cristóbal island, Galápagos archipelago. This copepod was regularly reported (1966–2004) as an abundant zooplankter in the lake, but it was not found in subsequent plankton surveys (2007–2018), and its specific identity remained unknown. In 2020, it was declared extinct because of introduced fish predation, rotenone treatment, and other major disturbances. The taxonomic examination of these invaluable specimens allowed us to recognize them as representing an undescribed species of the freshwater diaptomid genus Mastigodiaptomus Light, 1939.

Methods
Here, we describe the new species from El Junco crater lake, located in the San Cristóbal island a part of the Galápagos archipelago, collected with plankton nets. The description is based on detailed morphology, based on SEM and light microscopy.

Results
The taxonomic examination of these invaluable specimens allowed us to recognize them as representing an undescribed species of the freshwater diaptomid genus Mastigodiaptomus Light, 1939. The new species was readily assigned to this genus and is distinguished from its known congeners by details of (1) the male right fifth leg terminal claw and aculeus, (2) spiniform processes pattern of the right geniculate antennule segments 10–16, (3) length and structure of the spiniform process of the antepenultimate segment of the male right antennule, and (4) details of the dorsal process on the female fourth pediger. This finding represents the first report of this Neotropical copepod genus outside its original biogeographic region, the third species of a diaptomid copepod reported from insular freshwater systems, the southernmost record of Mastigodiaptomus, and the only freshwater calanoid in the Galápagos. The intriguing presence of this chiefly Neotropical copepod genus here could be related either to (1) human agency linked to pirate activities, commercial travelling by Spaniard ships, whaling activities, and intense tortoise hunting in San Cristóbal island. In the past, El Junco was the only freshwater source 600 nautical miles around, or (2) zoochory of resistant dormant stages passively transported by more than 65 migrating bird species known to settle in San Cristóbal. These two hypotheses cannot be properly tested at this time, so the explanation of the presence of this copepod will remain as a new open question in the fascinating natural history of the Galápagos.
Integrating Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Into Primary Care Settings
Authors: Austin Elizabeth J. , Chen Jessica , Briggs Elsa S. , Ferro Lori , Barry Paul , Heald Ashley , Merrill Joseph O. , Curran Geoffrey M. , Saxon Andrew J. , Fortney John C. , Ratzliff Anna D. , Williams Emily C. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceMedication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) (eg, buprenorphine and naltrexone) can be offered in primary care, but barriers to implementation exist.ObjectiveTo evaluate an implementation intervention over 2 years to explore experiences and perspectives of multidisciplinary primary care (PC) teams initiating or expanding MOUD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey-based and ethnographic qualitative study was conducted at 12 geographically and structurally diverse primary care clinics that enrolled in a hybrid effectiveness–implementation study from July 2020 to July 2022 and included PC teams (prescribing clinicians, nonprescribing behavioral health care managers, and consulting psychiatrists). Survey data analysis was conducted from February to April 2022.ExposureImplementation intervention (external practice facilitation) to integrate OUD treatment alongside existing collaborative care for mental health services.MeasuresData included (1) quantitative surveys of primary care teams that were analyzed descriptively and triangulated with qualitative results and (2) qualitative field notes from ethnographic observation of clinic implementation meetings analyzed using rapid assessment methods.ResultsSixty-two primary care team members completed the survey (41 female individuals [66%]; 1 [2%] American Indian or Alaskan Native, 4 [7%] Asian, 5 [8%] Black or African American, 5 [8%] Hispanic or Latino, 1 [2%] Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 46 [4%] White individuals), of whom 37 (60%) were between age 25 and 44 years. An analysis of implementation meetings (n = 362) and survey data identified 4 themes describing multilevel factors associated with PC team provision of MOUD during implementation, with variation in their experience across clinics. Themes characterized challenges with clinical administrative logistics that limited the capacity to provide rapid access to care and patient engagement as well as clinician confidence to discuss aspects of MOUD care with patients. These challenges were associated with conflicting attitudes among PC teams toward expanding MOUD care.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this survey and qualitative study of PC team perspectives suggest that PC teams need flexibility in appointment scheduling and the capacity to effectively engage patients with OUD as well as ongoing training to maintain clinician confidence in the face of evolving opioid-related clinical issues. Future work should address structural challenges associated with workload burden and limited schedule flexibility that hinder MOUD expansion in PC settings.
Perceptions of Safety of Daily Cannabis vs Tobacco Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure, 2017-2021
Authors: Chambers Julia , Keyhani Salomeh , Ling Pamela M. , Hoggatt Katherine J. , Hasin Deborah , Nguyen Nhung , Woods Anne , Ryder Annie , Cohen Beth E. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceWhile rates of cigarette use are declining, more US adults are using cannabis. Perceptions of safety are important drivers of substance use and public policy; however, little is known about the comparative views of US adults on tobacco and cannabis safety.ObjectiveTo compare public perceptions of safety of cannabis vs tobacco smoke and evaluate how perceptions may be changing over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal survey study was conducted using a web-based survey administered in 2017, 2020, and 2021. US adults participating in Ipsos KnowledgePanel, a nationally representative, population-based survey panel, were included. Data were analyzed from March 2021 through June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTwo questions directly compared the perception of safety of cannabis vs tobacco in terms of daily smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. Additional questions assessed perceptions of safety of secondhand tobacco smoke for adults, children, and pregnant women, with an analogous set of questions for secondhand cannabis smoke.ResultsA total of 5035 participants (mean [SD] age, 53.4 [16.2] years; 2551 males [50.7%]) completed all 3 surveys and provided responses for tobacco and cannabis risk questions. More than one-third of participants felt that daily smoking of cannabis was safer than tobacco, and their views increasingly favored safety of cannabis vs tobacco over time (1742 participants [36.7%] in 2017 vs 2107 participants [44.3%] in 2021; P &amp;lt; .001). The pattern was similar for secondhand cannabis smoke, with 1668 participants (35.1%) responding that cannabis was safer than tobacco in 2017 vs 1908 participants (40.2%) in 2021 (P &amp;lt; .001). Participants who were younger (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for ages 18-29 years vs ≥60 years, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.1-1.8]; P = .01) or not married (aOR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0-1.4]; P = .01) were more likely to move toward safer views of cannabis use over time, while those who were retired (aOR vs working, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.7-0.9]; P = .01) were less likely to move toward a safer view of cannabis. Participants were also more likely to rate secondhand smoke exposure to cannabis vs tobacco as completely or somewhat safe in adults (629 participants [12.6%] vs. 119 participants [2.4%]; P &amp;lt; .001), children (238 participants [4.8%] vs. 90 participants [1.8%]; P &amp;lt; .001), and pregnant women (264 participants [5.3%] vs. 69 participants [1.4%]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that US adults increasingly perceived daily smoking and secondhand exposure to cannabis smoke as safer than tobacco smoke from 2017 to 2021. Given that these views do not reflect the existing science on cannabis and tobacco smoke, the findings may have important implications for public health and policy as the legalization and use of cannabis increase.
Reduced parasite burden in feral honeybee colonies
Authors: Kohl Patrick L. , D'Alvise Paul , Rutschmann Benjamin , Roth Sebastian , Remter Felix , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Hasselmann Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Bee parasites are the main threat to apiculture and since many parasite taxa can spill over from honeybees (Apis mellifera) to other bee species, honeybee disease management is important for pollinator conservation in general. It is unknown whether honeybees that escaped from apiaries (i.e. feral colonies) benefit from natural parasite‐reducing mechanisms like swarming or suffer from high parasite pressure due to the lack of medical treatment. In the latter case, they could function as parasite reservoirs and pose a risk to the health of managed honeybees (spillback) and wild bees (spillover).

We compared the occurrence of 18 microparasites among managed (N = 74) and feral (N = 64) honeybee colony samples from four regions in Germany using qPCR. We distinguished five colony types representing differences in colony age and management histories, two variables potentially modulating parasite prevalence.

Besides strong regional variation in parasite communities, parasite burden was consistently lower in feral than in managed colonies. The overall number of detected parasite taxa per colony was 15% lower and Trypanosomatidae, chronic bee paralysis virus, and deformed wing viruses A and B were less prevalent and abundant in feral colonies than in managed colonies.

Parasite burden was lowest in newly founded feral colonies, intermediate in overwintered feral colonies and managed nucleus colonies, and highest in overwintered managed colonies and hived swarms.

Our study confirms the hypothesis that the natural mode of colony reproduction and dispersal by swarming temporally reduces parasite pressure in honeybees. We conclude that feral colonies are unlikely to contribute significantly to the spread of bee diseases. There is no conflict between the conservation of wild‐living honeybees and the management of diseases in apiculture.
A simple method to import CAD mesh format models in FLUKA
Authors: Dong Sixue , Sheng Yinxiangzi , Wang Jiazhou , Hu Weigang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMonte Carlo (MC) code FLUKA possesses widespread usage and accuracy in the simulation of particle beam radiotherapy. However, the conversion from computer‐aided design (CAD) mesh format models to FLUKA readable geometries could not be implemented directly and conveniently. A simple method was required to be developed.PurposeThe present study proposed a simple method to voxelize CAD mesh format files by using a Python‐based script and establishing geometric models in FLUKA.MethodsFive geometric models including cube, sphere, cone, ridge filter (RGF), and 1D‐Ripple Filter (1D‐RiFi) were created and exported as CAD mesh format files (.stl). An open‐source Python‐based script was used to convert them into voxels by endowing X, Y, and Z (following the Cartesian coordinates system) of solid materials in the three‐dimensional (3D) grid. A FLUKA (4‐2.2, CERN) predefined routine was used to establish the voxelized geometry model (VGM), while Flair (3.2‐1, CERN) was used to build the direct geometry model (DGM) in FLUKA for comparison purposes. Uniform carbon ion radiation fields 8×8 cm3 and 4×4 cm3 were generated to transport through the five pairs of models, 2D and 3D dose distributions were compared. The integral depth dose (IDD) in water of three different energy levels of carbon ion beams transported through 1D‐RiFis were also simulated and compared. Moreover, the volume between CAD mesh and VGMs, as well as the computing speed between FLUKA DGMs and VGMs were simultaneously recorded.ResultsThe volume differences between VGMs and CAD mesh models were not more than 0.6%. The maximum mean point‐to‐point deviation of IDD distribution was 0.7% ± 0.51% (mean ± standard deviation). The 3D dose Gamma‐index passing rates were never lower than 97% with criteria of 1%–1 mm. The difference in computing CPU time was 2.89% ± 0.22 on average.ConclusionsThe present study proposed and verified a Python‐based method for converting CAD mesh format files into VGMs and establishing them in FLUKA simply as well as accurately.
Structural Foot Characteristics in People With Midfoot Osteoarthritis: Cross‐Sectional Findings From the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot
Authors: Lithgow Merridy J. , Buldt Andrew K. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Marshall Michelle , Thomas Martin J. , Peat George , Roddy Edward , Menz Hylton B. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThis study compared radiographic measures of foot structure between people with and without symptomatic radiographic midfoot osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of adults aged 50 years and older registered with four UK general practices who reported foot pain in the past year. Bilateral weightbearing dorsoplantar and lateral radiographs were obtained. Symptomatic radiographic midfoot OA was defined as midfoot pain in the last 4 weeks, combined with radiographic OA in one or more midfoot joints (first cuneometatarsal, second cuneometatarsal, navicular‐first cuneiform, and talonavicular). Midfoot OA cases were matched 1:1 for sex and age to controls with a 5‐year age tolerance. Eleven radiographic measures were extracted and compared between the groups using independent sample t‐tests and effect sizes (Cohen's d).ResultsWe identified 63 midfoot OA cases (mean ± SD age was 66.8 ± 8.0 years, with 32 male and 31 female participants) and matched these to 63 controls (mean ± SD age was 65.9 ± 7.8 years). There were no differences in metatarsal lengths between the groups. However, those with midfoot OA had a higher calcaneal‐first metatarsal angle (d = 0.43, small effect size, P = 0.018) and lower calcaneal inclination angle (d = 0.46, small effect size, P = 0.011) compared with controls.ConclusionsPeople with midfoot OA have a flatter foot posture compared with controls. Although caution is required when inferring causation from cross‐sectional data, these findings are consistent with a pathomechanical pathway linking foot structure to the development of midfoot OA. Prospective studies are required to determine the temporal relationships between foot structure, function, and the development of this common and disabling condition.
image
A Non‐Expendable Leveler as Electrolyte Additive Enabling Homogenous Lithium Deposition
Authors: Chu Fulu , Liu Jiamin , Guan Zengqiang , Deng Rongyu , Mei Lin , Wu Feixiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLi metal anodes are extensively studied owing to their unparalleled advantages in achieving high energy density. However, safety issues originating from dendritic Li growth are always a huge hindrance for applications in Li metal batteries (LMBs). In this study, a functional additive, 4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐mercaptopyrimidine (DMP), which is a typical leveler in the copper electroplating industry, is selected to suppress Li dendrite formation. Various Li‐metal‐based batteries are systematically investigated and they show stable performances, such as excellent cycling stability above 800 h at 3 mA cm−2 in Li||Li cells and 400 cycles with high coulombic efficiencies (CEs >98%) at 1 mA cm−2 in Li||Cu cells. Furthermore, a comprehensive verification of the protective mechanism induced by the DMP leveling agent shows that the leveler updated the Li+ solvation structure and occupied the inner Helmholtz plane of the Li anode. The planar DMP molecular layer absorbed on the surface of the Li metal can suppress side reactions and modify the Li deposition behavior via steric hindrance, inducing homogeneous Li deposition. Interestingly, the DMP leveler does not participate in the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase. This study can stimulate further ideas on non‐depleting but effective levelers as electrolyte additives for high‐performance LMBs.
Generation of Terahertz Radiation via the Transverse Thermoelectric Effect
Authors: Yordanov Petar , Priessnitz Tim , Kim Min‐Jae , Cristiani Georg , Logvenov Gennady , Keimer Bernhard , Kaiser Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTerahertz (THz) radiation is a powerful tool with widespread applications ranging from imaging, sensing, and broadband communications to spectroscopy and nonlinear control of materials. Future progress in THz technology depends on the development of efficient, structurally simple THz emitters that can be implemented in advanced miniaturized devices. Here, it is shown how the natural electronic anisotropy of layered conducting transition metal oxides enables the generation of intense terahertz radiation via the transverse thermoelectric effect. In thin films grown on off‐cut substrates, femtosecond laser pulses generate ultrafast out‐of‐plane temperature gradients, which in turn launch in‐plane thermoelectric currents, thus allowing efficient emission of the resulting THz field out of the film structure. This scheme is demonstrated in experiments on thin films of the layered metals PdCoO2and La1.84Sr0.16CuO4, and model calculations that elucidate the influence of the material parameters on the intensity and spectral characteristics of the emitted THz field are presented. Due to its simplicity, the method opens up a promising avenue for the development of highly versatile THz sources and integrable emitter elements.
Optimal Design of Infrared Wavelength‐Selective and Microwave Transmitting Bionic Metasurface
Authors: Song Kuilong , Ai Qing , Guo Yanming , Xie Ming , Shuai Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe radar and infrared (IR) compatible stealth technology is an important technology in the military field. Inspired by the special triangular‐shaped hairs from the Saharan silver ants, a bionic structure with IR wavelength‐selective emission and large microwave transmission simultaneously is presented. An algorithm based on the combination of Bayesian optimization and finite different time domain method is proposed for optimal design. The proposed structure is an indium tin oxide (ITO)‐hairs/ITO‐film/PET‐substrate structure. The IR wavelength‐selectivity is reached by the hair covered ITO film, and the microwave transmission is realized by patterning gap arrays on continuous films. After optimal calculation, the optimal bionic structure is obtained. The change of the structural parameters of the meta‐atom will lead to a change in microwave transmission. When p = 0.1 mm and w = 0.9 mm, the maximum and minimum transmittivity of the infrared stealth layer (IRSL) in 2–20 GHz are 0.972 and 0.764, respectively, while the estimated emissivity in 3–5, 5–8, and 8–14 µm wavebands are 0.592, 0.730, and 0.373, respectively. It illustrates that the IRSL maintains IR wavelength‐selective emission while maintaining high microwave transmission. This study provides a strategy for bionic structure applied in compatible stealth.
Fabrication of Large‐Area Organic Thin Film Transistor Array with Highly Uniform Water‐Borne Polyimide Gate Dielectric via Green Solvent‐Engineered Bar‐Coating Process
Authors: Ha Jinha , Kim Dongkyu , Park Hyunjin , Yoo Sungmi , So Yujin , Kim Jinsoo , Park Jongmin , Won Jong Chan , Kim Yun Ho 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHere, the utilization of a highly uniform water‐borne polyimide (W‐PI) thin film as a gate dielectric layer for large‐scale organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) exceeding 100 cm2 is presented, employing the bar‐coating technique. The W‐PI thin films are obtained uniformly over a large area by systematically manipulating the surface tension of the water‐soluble poly(amic acid) salts (W‐PAAS) solution using alcohol as a co‐solvent in a “Green” process. The thickness of the W‐PI thin film is precisely controlled within the range of tens to hundreds of nanometers by adjusting key parameters, including the concentration of the W‐PAAS solution, wire diameter, and bar‐coating speed. As a result, 500 pentacene‐based OTFTs are successfully fabricated on a 10 × 10 cm2 substrate, utilizing a 280 nm thick W‐PI gate dielectric film. These devices exhibit excellent uniformity, with field‐effect mobility of 0.20 ± 0.02 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, the fabrication of electronic devices using an environmental‐friendly bar‐coating method on large‐area flexible substrates is demonstrated. This study highlights the considerable potential of eco‐friendly W‐PI thin films as dielectric materials, offering advantages such as cost‐effectiveness and high efficiency for reliable industrial applications.
Highly Integrated Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Wave Energy Harvester toward Self‐Powered Marine Buoy
Authors: Zhu Chuanqing , Wu Mengwei , Liu Chang , Xiang Cheng , Xu Ruijiang , Yang Hengyi , Wang Zhaoyang , Wang Ziyu , Xu Peng , Xing Fuzhen , Wang Hao , Xu Minyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a highly integrated triboelectric‐electromagnetic wave energy harvester (TEWEH) that can efficiently collect wide‐frequency wave energy and realize a self‐powered marine buoy. The innovative design of a permanent magnet‐polytetrafluoroethylene (PM‐PTFE) ball ensures high integration between the magnetic material forming the electromagnetic generator (EMG) and the dielectric material forming the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In the condition of swinging (1 Hz and ±30°), the output of the TENG component can reach 230.25 V, 1.34 µA, and the average output of the EMG is 2.30 V, 10.43 mA. Remarkably, even at an extremely low frequency (0.2 Hz), the TEWEH maintains exceptional output. The output power density of the TENG component and EMG component reach 13.77 W m−3 and 148.24 W m−3, respectively, which are much higher than in previous work. The TEWEH can quickly charge the 330 µF capacitor to a certain voltage, and then light up navigation mark lights and power thermometers. A sealed TEWEH with circuits works as a self‐powered marine buoy that can transmit actual marine ambient temperatures to land. In conclusion, the TEWEH has broad application prospects in the field of wave energy harvesting and the self‐powered marine Internet of Things.