bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐specific cardiovascular disease‐related mortality among patients with major gastrointestinal cancers: A SEER population‐based study
Authors: Liu Gen , Zhang Bo‐fang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies have reported age as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐related mortality; however, only a few studies have focused on the relationship between age and CVD‐related mortality, especially among major gastrointestinal cancers.MethodThe present retrospective cohort enrolled patients with colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, gastric, and esophageal cancer between 2000 to 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Registry (SEER). Standardized mortality ratio (SMR), competing risk regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used in our study.ResultsWe analyzed 576,713 patients with major gastrointestinal cancers (327,800 patients with colorectal cancer, 93,310 with pancreatic cancer, 69,757 with hepatocellular cancer, 52,024 with gastric cancer, and 33,822 with esophageal cancer). Overall, CVD‐related mortality gradually decreased every year, and the majority were older patients. All cancer patients had a higher CVD‐related mortality rate than the general U.S. population. The adjusted sub‐hazard ratios for middle‐aged with colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer were 2.55 (95% CI: 2.15–3.03), 1.77 (95% CI: 1.06–2.97), 2.64 (95% CI: 1.60–4.36), 2.15 (95% CI: 1.32–3.51), and 2.28 (95% CI: 1.17–4.44), respectively. The adjusted sub‐hazard ratios for older patients with colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer were 11.23 (95% CI: 9.50–13.27), 4.05 (95% CI: 2.46–6.66), 4.47 (95% CI: 2.72–7.35), 7.16 (95% CI: 4.49–11.41), and 4.40 (95% CI: 2.28–8.48), respectively. A non‐linear relationship between age at diagnosis and CVD‐related mortality was found in colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and esophageal cancer; their reference ages were 67, 69, and 66 years old, respectively.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that age was a risk factor for CVD‐related mortality among major gastrointestinal cancers.
Ce−ZSM‐5: A Highly Capable Catalyst for the Construction of Acridines in Water and Their Computational Study against DNA Gyrase Protein
Authors: Kusampally Uppalaiah , Pagadala Ramakanth , Damera Thirupathi , Puligundla Sateesh Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCerium doped ZSM‐5 (Ce−ZSM‐5) as an environmentally benign and reusable catalyst for the construction of acridines in aqueous medium. This method produced corresponding acridines with good yields and shorter reaction times. Also avoids the use of hazardous solvents and involves a simple work‐up process. The solid catalyst was prepared by doping Ce ions with ZSM‐5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil‐5) and confirmed by XRD, BET SA‐PSD and SEM. The synthesised acridine derivatives were confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopic data. The docking studies of the synthesised compounds are performed by the PyRx auto dock tool against DNA gyrase protein. The products 5a and 6d are found to be the best fit ligands against DNA gyrase protein.
Fusobacterium bacteremia presenting with inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis
Authors: Sapkota Surendra , Shrestha Suraj , Sharma Sandipa , Sapkota Subash , Solis Lauren A. , Kalla Abhishek 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageIsolated mesenteric vein thrombosis associated with Fusobacterium is rare. Physicians should be aware regarding the association of Fusobacterium with thrombosis at various sites.
Cell Penetrating Peptides: Classification, Mechanisms, Methods of Study, and Applications
Authors: Gori Alessandro , Lodigiani Giulia , Colombarolli Stella G. , Bergamaschi Greta , Vitali Alberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) encompass a class of peptides that possess the remarkable ability to cross cell membranes and deliver various types of cargoes, including drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins, into cells. For this reason, CPPs are largely investigated in drug delivery applications in the context of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and genetic disorders. While sharing this functionality and some common structural features, such as a high content of positively charged amino acids, CPPs represent an extremely diverse group of elements, which can differentiate under many aspects. In this review, we summarize the most common characteristics of CPPs, introduce their main distinctive features, mechanistic aspects that drive their function, and outline the most widely used techniques for their structural and functional studies. We highlight current gaps and future perspectives in this field, which have the potential to significantly impact the future field of drug delivery and therapeutics.
High‐Contrast and Fast‐Removable 19F‐MRI Labels with Perfluoro‐tert‐Butyl Substituents
Authors: Gervits Lev L. , Sigan Andrey L. , Markova Alina A. , Gulyaev Mikhail V. , Pavlova Olga S. , Ozhiganov Ratislav M. , Pirogov Yury A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract19F MRI is a unique technique for tracking and quantifying the indicator (19F‐MRI label) in vivo without the use of ionizing radiation. Here we report new 19F‐MRI labels, which are compounds with perfluoro‐tert‐butyl groups: 1,2‐bis(perfluoro‐tert‐butoxy)ethane (C10F18H4O2) and 1,3‐bis(perfluoro‐tert‐butyl)propane (C11F18H6). Both substances contain 18 equivalent 19F atoms, constituting 68.67 % and 71.25 % of the molecule, respectively. The emulsions with 19F molecules were prepared and used in 19F MRI studies in laboratory rats in vivo. The substances demonstrated high contrast properties, good biological inertness and the ability to be rapidly eliminated from the body. We showed that at a dose of 0.34 mg/g of body weight in rats, the time for complete elimination of C10F18H4O2 and C11F18H6 is ∼30 days. The results turned out to be promising for the use of the presented compounds in 19F MRI applications, especially since they are quite easy to synthesize.
Hydrolysable tannins as a potential therapeutic drug for the human fibrosis‐associated disease
Authors: Wang Meiwei , Cao Linghui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFibrosis is a pathological change with abnormal tissue regeneration due to a response to persistent injury, which is extensively related to organ damage and failure, leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of fibrosis has been comprehensively elucidated, there are few effective therapies for treating fibrotic diseases. Natural products are increasingly regarded as an effective strategy for fibrosis with numerous favorable functions. Hydrolysable tannins (HT) are a type of natural products that have the potential to treat the fibrotic disease. In this review, we describe some biological activities and the therapeutic prospects of HT in organ fibrosis. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of inhibition of HT on fibrotic organs in relation to inflammation, oxidative stress, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and proliferation, and extracellular matrix accumulation are discussed. Understanding the mechanism of HT against fibrotic diseases will provide a new strategy for the prevention and attenuation of fibrosis progression.
The roles of community‐based organizations in socializing sustainable behavior: Examining the urban case of Budapest, Hungary
Authors: Veress Tamas , Kiss Gabriella , Neulinger Agnes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis research supports the argument that community‐based organizations (CBOs) can be effective vehicles to shift societal norms and expectations in order to facilitate co‐creation and acceptability of new and sustainable ways of living. CBOs are conceptualized as meso‐level entities where sustainable behavior can be socialized through not‐for‐profit and socioecological‐oriented approaches, a unique position in a market society. To learn what roles CBOs fulfill when providing space for peer interactions influencing sustainable behavior, a qualitative research study was carried out based on 21 interviews with key stakeholders from CBOs working in different sustainability‐related fields (mobility, food, energy, etc.) in the urban context of Budapest, Hungary. The grouping and interpretation of interview data show that the sampled urban CBOs can impact sustainable behavior through (1) raising members' awareness; (2) influencing everyday practices; and (3) providing space for non‐consumerist peer interactions. These impacts can be exercised through the three roles of translation, reinforcement, and contribution. Translation covers the practical‐cognitive (why it is important and how to do it) dimensions of peer interactions, while reinforcement and contribution are psychological‐emotional factors, the former being directed toward adopting individual practices (through positive reinforcement), the latter pointing to the collective, the common good to which one feels one is contributing. These results imply that sustainability‐oriented policymaking could support the sustainability transition by co‐designing systems of provisions together with the affected communities.
Recent progress of metal‐based nanomaterials with anti‐tumor biological effects for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Lei Huali , Pei Zifan , Jiang Chenyu , Cheng Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetal‐based nanomaterials have attracted broad attention recently due to their unique biological physical and chemical properties after entering tumor cells, namely biological effects. In particular, the abilities of Ca2+ to modulate T cell receptors activation, K+ to regulate stem cell differentiation, Mn2+ to activate the STING pathway, and Fe2+/3+ to induce tumor ferroptosis and enhance catalytic therapy, make the metal ions and metal‐based nanomaterials play crucial roles in the cancer treatments. Therefore, due to the superior advantages of metal‐based nanomaterials and the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, we will summarize the recent progress of the anti‐tumor biological effects of metal‐based nanomaterials. Based on the different effects of metal‐based nanomaterials on tumor cells, this review mainly focuses on the following five aspects: (1) metal‐enhanced radiotherapy sensitization, (2) metal‐enhanced catalytic therapy, (3) metal‐enhanced ferroptosis, (4) metal‐enhanced pyroptosis, and (5) metal‐enhanced immunotherapy. At the same time, the shortcomings of the biological effects of metal‐based nanomaterials on tumor therapy are also discussed, and the future research directions have been prospected. The highlights of promising biosafety, potent efficacy on biological effects for tumor therapy, and the in‐depth various biological effects mechanism studies of metal‐based nanomaterials provide novel ideas for the future biological application of the nanomaterials.
Multidimensional evaluation of the impacts of agricultural interventions to achieve food security in Malawi
Authors: Chikafa Mervis , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan , Moller Kieron , Razavi Hoda , Bizimana Jean‐Claude 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMalawi's food and nutrition security heavily relies on rainfed agricultural production, which is prone to the effects of climate change, such as floods and dry spells. To improve the situation, policies have been established as a guide to assist in the implementation of agricultural technologies in the country. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two national policies on addressing nutrition, economics, and food security by introducing modern/existing technologies in the Phalombe district in Malawi. To gain insight into the representative farm operations, financial, demographic, and consumption behaviors of smallholder farmers, the data were obtained through a combination of focus group discussions, expert opinions, and various published reports, including both government and nongovernment sources. The farm simulation model (FARMSIM) was utilized to analyze district‐level crop and livestock farm operations. In this study, four irrigation technologies (treadle pump system, motorized pump system, solar‐powered system, and river diversion irrigation system) were assessed among the agricultural interventions implemented in Malawi. Also, seven land uses (i.e., corn, onion, bean, rice, tomato, leafy vegetable, and cabbage) were developed and simulated under irrigation scenarios. The irrigation systems and land use scenarios were evaluated based on economics, productivity, nutrition, and risk. The treadle pump and leafy vegetable scenario were generally identified as the most preferred combination. In addition, the productivity and riskiness of the other scenarios can be improved by selecting the best combination of crop and irrigation systems. The study concludes that government and private investment in subsidies for large‐scale irrigation systems, as well as improvements to market prices and infrastructure, are necessary to boost food security and enhance the livelihood of smallholder farmers in rural Malawi.
The benefit of the Covid‐19 pandemic on global temperature projections
Authors: Rostan Pierre , Rostan Alexandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper illustrates the benefit of the Covid‐19 pandemic on global temperature projections. Global temperature projections are obtained by forecasting Earth's temperature anomalies time series with spectral analysis. Time series of Earth's Temperature Anomalies of the Globe are collected by NASA/GISS and in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres by the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and Hadley Centre. Spectral analysis aims at unveiling temperature anomalies time series by transforming them into simplified time series after decomposition, extrapolating information nested in these simplified series and rebuilding the forecasted time series. Earth's temperature anomalies are forecasted until 2100. Two sets of forecasts are generated, one with historical data including the Covid‐19 pandemic (from 1880 up to 2021 with NASA/GISS data or from 1850 up to 2022 with East Anglia and Hadley Centre data) and one excluding the Covid‐19 pandemic up to 2019. With the sets of data not including the pandemic, forecasts show temperature anomalies skyrocketing and bringing Earth's global warming at alarming levels in Northern and Southern Hemispheres. With the set of data including the pandemic, forecasts are reverting showing lower alarming levels by the end of the century, in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and globally.
Assessing the failure of Open Government Data initiatives in Brazil
Authors: Wiedenhöft Guilherme Costa , Alexopoulos Charalampos , Saxena Stuti , Rizun Nina , Matheus Ricardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile assessing the potential of a particular digital innovation initiative, especially when it has implications for a range of societal stakeholders, it becomes pertinent to understand the possible bottlenecks in its acceptability as well. In this regard, the present study seeks to understand how the Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives in Brazil are being confronted with bottlenecks in terms of their execution and acceptability. This exploratory study adopts a qualitative cross‐sectional research approach wherein interviews are being conducted with 11 managers working in public organizations and are directly associated with the OGD initiatives. Findings from the interview responses delineate internal and external factors, resource availability, data maintenance, and lack of knowledge as the key determinants for the bottlenecks associated with the execution and acceptability of OGD initiatives by the societal stakeholders. The study's originality lies in its theoretical contribution towards an understanding of how a novel digital innovation‐OGD, in the present case‐ is fraught with impediments in terms of its execution and acceptability. The study concludes with directions for further research and practitioner implications.
Taxonomic significance of seed macro‐micromorphology of Turkish Alcea L. (Malvaceae) through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Özbek Funda , Uzunhisarcıklı Mehmet Erkan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeed morphological properties of 19 taxa belonging to the genus Alcea L. (Malvaceae) distributed in Turkey were investigated using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope to identify their characters and to evaluate their diagnostic value. The seeds are reniform with a rounded apex and base, reniform in shape, and light to dark brown, grayish‐brown, or blackish‐brown in color. The seed length ranges from 2.22 to 6.5 mm and seed width from 1.72 to 6.5 mm. The indumentum at the ventral and dorsal regions of the seed differs in density. Three types of seed coat ornamentations were observed: reticulate, reticulate‐rugulate, and reticulate‐ruminate on the dorsal and lateral faces. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the important seed morphological characteristics among the taxa studied, with four components accounting for 90.761% of the total variance. Numerical analysis revealed that seed size, color, seed surface patterns on dorsal and lateral sides, indumentum at dorsal and ventral regions, and periclinal surface sculpture of epidermal cells are particularly the most useful variables for discriminating the Alcea taxa. The findings also showed a partial relationship among the Alcea taxa clusters, based on seed morphology and the systematics of these taxa, based on general macromorphology. Taxonomic key using the seed features is provided to identify the species studied. The current work will contribute to the knowledge about the family Malvaceae, and microscopic macro‐micromorphological analysis can be used for identification by the taxonomists for further studies on this family.Research Highlights
Seed color, indumentum and surface sculpturing have systematic value for separating the taxa.
Seed morphology of the Alcea taxa was studied via light microscope and scanning electron microscope.
Numerical analysis provided the contribution of seed characters to taxa relationships.
Reasons for shortening snow cover duration in the Western Sudetes in light of global climate change
Authors: Urban Grzegorz , Richterová Dáša , Kliegrová Stanislava , Zusková Ilona 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the reasons for shortening snow cover duration in the Western Sudetes, considering local changes in: air temperature; amount and type of precipitation; sunshine duration and atmospheric circulation leading to changes in the number of days with snow cover and its depth; and its start and end dates. All factors were linked to the exposure and relief of the study area. The analysis was made for the winter seasons (Nov–Apr) 1961/1962–2020/2021. It was found that the primary reasons for the shortening of snow cover duration in the Western Sudetes are: a multi‐year increase in air temperature and sunshine duration; changes in precipitation patterns—a decrease in the proportion of solid precipitation, changes in atmospheric circulation—including an increase in anticyclonic circulation types with sunny weather, especially in April (snow cover disappears in most of the elevation profile of the Sudetes); and less cyclonic weather types. The above factors synergistically affect the lower snow depth, and fewer days with solid precipitation, which promotes its faster spring ablation. In the subsequent 30 years (climatological norms), there is a successive shortening in its duration. On the snow cover start dates, there are no clear trends in the direction and rate of change. On end dates, negative trends are observed, in most cases statistically significant. The rate of change for the end dates of snow cover is about twice as high as the start dates. The rate of decline in snow cover is higher at stations at similar altitudes with northern macro‐exposure than southern. The results correspond with other studies from Europe and the world on the earlier disappearance of snow cover. They confirm the successive global warming and shortening snow cover duration, especially evident in the last few decades.
Laser‐induced Fano interference subsumed by electron–phonon coupling in orthorhombic KNbO3nano‐bricks: An ab initio vibrational and Raman spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Bhattacharjee Souvik , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrothermally prepared potassium niobate (KNbO3) nanoparticles are characterized meticulously to explore various crystallographic, microstructural, morphological, optical, compositional, and lattice‐vibrational properties. Laser power‐dependent Raman spectroscopy is employed to study the Fano effect in asymmetrically broadened optic (LO/TO) phonon modes in the orthorhombic KNbO3system, considering interference with the interband electronic continuum. The phonon softening, alterations in charge‐phonon coupling constant, linewidth and lifetime of phonon modes, and so on are explained in the light of theories formulated by Fano, Allen, and Hui, accompanying factor group analysis of the Raman‐active modes. Under local heating via focused laser irradiation, highly sensitive Raman spectra introspect perturbations in the generic vibrations at the first Brillouin zone center and moderations in the constructive/destructive interference conditions of resonant Fano scattering. Density functional theory (DFT)‐based calculations on phonon dispersion, density of phonon states, and relevant thermodynamic attributes decipher the theoretical background. Amid photoexcited electron plasma, the charge‐phonon coupling for distinct modes is strengthened considerably against strong excitation intensity without any unwanted anharmonicity, extensive lattice thermal expansion, phonon decay, or microscopic phase transformation. Finally, the direction of asymmetry, particle–particle, and particle–quasiparticle interactions are illustrated using Feynman diagrams for the associated and phonon modes.
Calculating the power of a planned individual participant data meta‐analysis of randomised trials to examine a treatment‐covariate interaction with a time‐to‐event outcome
Authors: Riley Richard D. , Collins Gary S. , Hattle Miriam , Whittle Rebecca , Ensor Joie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBefore embarking on an individual participant data meta‐analysis (IPDMA) project, researchers should consider the power of their planned IPDMA conditional on the studies promising their IPD and their characteristics. Such power estimates help inform whether the IPDMA project is worth the time and funding investment, before IPD are collected. Here, we suggest how to estimate the power of a planned IPDMA of randomised trials aiming to examine treatment‐covariate interactions at the participant‐level (i.e., treatment effect modifiers). We focus on a time‐to‐event (survival) outcome with a binary or continuous covariate, and propose an approximate analytic power calculation that conditions on the actual characteristics of trials, for example, in terms of sample sizes and covariate distributions. The proposed method has five steps: (i) extracting the following aggregate data for each group in each trial—the number of participants and events, the mean and SD for each continuous covariate, and the proportion of participants in each category for each binary covariate; (ii) specifying a minimally important interaction size; (iii) deriving an approximate estimate of Fisher's information matrix for each trial and the corresponding variance of the interaction estimate per trial, based on assuming an exponential survival distribution; (iv) deriving the estimated variance of the summary interaction estimate from the planned IPDMA, under a common‐effect assumption, and (v) calculating the power of the IPDMA based on a two‐sided Wald test. Stata and R code are provided and a real example provided for illustration. Further evaluation in real examples and simulations is needed.