bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in carbon‐based materials for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation: Assemblies, structures, applications, and prospective
Authors: Li Yanmin , Shi Yanying , Wang Haiwen , Liu Tiefeng , Zheng Xiuwen , Gao Shanmin , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development. Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater, lake water, or river water has been recognized as an environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean water in a low‐cost way. However, water transport is restricted by itself by solar energy absorption capacity's limits, especially for finite evaporation rates and insufficient working life. Therefore, it is important to seek photothermal conversion materials that can efficiently absorb solar energy and reasonably design solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation devices. This paper reviews the research progress of carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and the mechanism for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation, as well as the summary of the design and development of the devices. Based on the research progress and achievements of photothermal conversion materials and devices in the fields of seawater desalination and photothermal electric energy generation in recent years, the challenges and opportunities faced by carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and devices are discussed. The prospect of the practical application of solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion evaporation technology is foreseen, and theoretical guidance is provided for the further development of this technology.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Organic Molecular‐Doped Fluorescent Guanine Crystals with Pearlescence
Authors: Guo Dongmei , Zhang Ying , Hao Jingyan , Ren Yujing , Hou Xiubin , Gao Juan , Ma Yurong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiomimetic synthesis of guanine crystals has been focused on in the last years. However, multi‐functional guanine crystals occluded with fluorescent molecules have not been realized in the laboratory. Here, the controllable synthesis of guanine crystal microplatelets with fluorescence and pearlescence was achieved for the first time by incorporating Nile red (NR) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecules into guanine crystals. The synthesized fluorescent guanine crystals are pure β‐phase anhydrous guanine single crystals. Aqueous suspensions with NR‐ and FITC‐doped guanine crystals exhibit distinct pearlescence. The fluorescence intensities of NR and FITC were greatly enhanced after being doped into guanine crystals due to the inhibition of aggregation‐caused quenching. Moreover, films composed of fluorescent guanine microplatelets exhibit high diffuse reflection intensity (70 %). This work provides a strategy to synthesize multifunctional materials composed of organic crystals occluded with dyes.
Tap Reactor for Temporally and Spatially Resolved Analysis of the CO2 Methanation Reaction
Authors: Engl Timo , Langer Moritz , Freund Hannsjörg , Rubin Michael , Dittmeyer Roland 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChemical energy carriers produced according to power‐to‐X concepts will play a crucial role in the future energy system. Here, CO2 methanation is described as one promising route. However, transient operating conditions and the resulting effects on catalyst stability are to be considered. In this contribution, a tap reactor for spatially and temporally resolved analysis of the methanation reaction is presented. The Ni catalyst investigated was implemented as coating. Reaction data as a function of time and reactor coordinate under various operating conditions are presented and discussed. A comparison with simulation data validates the presented tap reactor concept.
Synthesis of [60]Fullerene‐Fused Allylbenzofurans via Palladium‐Catalyzed Migration Reaction†
Authors: Liu Tong‐Xin , Yang Panting , Ma Nana , Li Xiaojun , Wang Xin , Ma Jinliang , Zhang Guisheng 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryChemical functionalization of fullerenes has been an important topic in fullerene chemistry. Herein, an unprecedented Pd‐catalyzed migration reaction of [60]fullerene with allyloxy‐tethered aryl iodides is present for the preparation of novel [60]fullerene‐fused allylbenzofurans. The use of 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (DPPBz) as a ligand is crucial for the success of the transformation. The reaction shows high chemo‐ and regioselectivity, and is flexible with regard to allyl‐migration site, providing a new and efficient approach to rare [60]fullerene‐fused benzofurans. Control experiments disclose that the reaction most probably undergoes a sequential C—O bond cleavage/allyl‐migration/intermolecular cycloaddition cascade process.
The Effect of Redox Reactions on the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Xuteng , Wang Yao , Gao Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted tremendous attention in the photovoltaic industry because of their low cost, simple production process, and high efficiency. However, (photo)stability is still one of the main problems that limits their development and enormous efforts have been made in this area. In this Review, we focus on the ubiquitous redox reactions in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), reveal the reasons behind the occurrence of the reactions (both external and internal factors) and the resulting effects (favorable and unfavorable), and collect methods to mitigate or block the occurrence of the reaction. Then, we summarize the means of characterizing redox reactions to visualize their presence and mechanisms. Finally, we envision future research directions in this field and consider redox reactions a double‐edged sword. We hope that these insights will contribute to accelerating the commercialization of PSCs.
2D FeSx Nanosheets by Atomic Layer Deposition: Electrocatalytic Properties for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zazpe Raul , Rodriguez Pereira Jhonatan , Thalluri Sitaramanjaneya M. , Hromadko Ludek , Pavliňák David , Kolíbalová Eva , Kurka Michal , Sopha Hanna , Macak Jan M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract2‐dimensional FeSx nanosheets of different sizes are synthesized by applying different numbers of atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles on TiO2 nanotube layers and graphite sheets as supporting materials and used as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrochemical results confirm electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media with outstanding long‐term stability (>65 h) and enhanced catalytic activity, reflected by a notable drop in the initial HER overpotential value (up to 26 %). By using a range of characterization techniques, the origin of the enhanced catalytic activity was found to be caused by the synergistic interplay between in situ morphological and compositional changes in the 2D FeSx nanosheets during HER. Under the application of a cathodic potential in alkaline media, the as‐synthesized 2D FeSx nanosheets transformed into iron oxyhydroxide‐iron oxysulfide core‐shell nanoparticles, which exhibited a higher active catalytic surface and newly created Fe‐based HER catalytic sites.
Teachers' experiences of support for curriculum making a new subject, psychology
Authors: Marangio Karen , Heyting Ellen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reports teachers' experiences of support for curriculum making a new secondary school subject, psychology, as part of major curriculum reform, including the introduction of external examinations. Seven teachers participated in meetings at eight timepoints over two years. Content analysis identified five themes. Participants described support across different sites of curriculum making: (1) Connectedness with teachers at school, (2) Guidance from the curriculum authority, (3) Collegiality with psychology teachers, (4) Student engagement, and (5) Heavy investment of their own time to lead the way. Proactive and reactive support that acknowledged teachers' backgrounds and provided time and space for guidance and dialogue was inadequate at the beginning and tended to remain that way. Opportunities for collaborative curriculum making were less likely for teachers in regional areas, new to science, or the only teacher in the school. The teachers understood curriculum making a new subject as a complex and collective endeavour. The findings of this study emphasise the importance of cultivating supportive structures and processes across school, curriculum authority and curriculum‐broker sites for teachers and valuing the teacher's central role as curriculum makers in establishing a new subject in an externally driven curriculum.
Urban soil quality deteriorates even with low heavy metal levels: An arthropod‐based multi‐indices approach
Authors: Tóth Zsolt , Dombos Miklós , Hornung Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrban‐induced habitat conversion drastically changes soil life in a variety of ways. Soil sealing, human disturbance, habitat fragmentation, industrial and vehicular pollution are the main causes of urban soil degradation. Soil arthropods, as one of the most abundant and diverse group of soil fauna, are involved in many soil processes that are of great importance in maintaining soil health and multifunctionality. Nevertheless, soil quality is still mainly characterized by physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. Here, we assessed and compared the biological soil quality in woody (REF: reference forest, REM: remnant forest) and nonwoody (TURF: public turfgrass, and RUD: ruderal habitat) types of urban green spaces along a disturbance and management intensity gradient in the Budapest metropolitan area (Hungary), using community metrics and soil arthropod‐based indicators. Vegetation cover and landscape characteristics of study sites were quantified through vegetation and urbanization indices, respectively. Basic soil properties, total and bioavailable concentrations of the main heavy metals (Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Zn) were also measured. Acari, Collembola, and Hymenoptera (mainly Formicidae) were the most abundant groups. Litter‐dweller taxa, particularly Protura, proved to be the most sensitive to urban disturbance. Representatives of Hemiptera, Diptera, Symphyla, and Pauropoda were common in low densities. The taxonomic diversity of soil arthropod assemblages in nonwoody and woody habitats was similar. Although the integrated faunal indices showed no differences among soil habitat types, they provided different responses and, consequently, different information. Our findings demonstrated that the biological quality and arthropod community structure of soils were strongly impacted by soil C/N and heavy metal contamination. We found that low and moderate levels of pollution have adverse effects on edaphic fauna, suggesting biological degradation of soils, even below pollution limits. Nevertheless, more disturbed urban green spaces have been shown to play a significant role in maintaining belowground biodiversity, thereby soil functions.
Broad‐scale analysis of fish community data suggests critical need to support regional connectivity of coral reefs
Authors: Cumming Graeme S. , Bellwood David R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConnectivity is vital for the biodiversity and functioning of marine ecosystems. It is known to be important for coral reefs, but the scales at which connectivity effects matter—and, correspondingly, the scales at which management responses are needed—are poorly understood in marine systems. We used 23 years of fish monitoring data collected from ~50 different coral reefs by the Australian Institute of Marine Science, together with a range of geographic data layers (including the Allen Coral Atlas) and additional network analysis, to explore the balance of local and regional influence on fish communities. Variance partitioning indicated that 42% of the variance in fish community composition could be explained by regional effects or their interaction with coarse‐grained local influences (habitat). The variance explained by regional influences was divided evenly between measures that capture location on environmental gradients (e.g., proximity to coastal shelf, latitude) and cross‐scale centrality measures of reef location within a broader reef network. A total of 11% of variance could be directly or indirectly attributed to management. Our results provide clear evidence that management and restoration of reefs across the globe must consider both local and regional influences on reef‐associated organisms and highlight the potential benefits of improving connectivity in human‐dominated coastal seascapes.
An infectious disease outbreak and increased mortality in wild alpine reindeer
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Andersen Roy , Rauset Geir Rune , Reiten Malin Rokseth , Rolandsen Christer M. , Strand Olav 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate changes may lead to tipping points where the epidemiological characteristics of infectious wildlife diseases suddenly change, leading to outbreaks. However, empirically documented cases of the extent to which emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) affect populations of large vertebrates are few, partly because of the limited surveillance of remote wildlife populations. EIDs may potentially lead to higher mortality than mean mortality levels. Here, we quantified the likely impact of digital necrobacillosis on the survival and population dynamics of wild alpine reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Hardangervidda National Park (NP), Norway. The outbreak of digital necrobacillosis in 2019 contributed to a decrease in the summer survival rate of juveniles to 51% compared to an average of 88% in 2005–2018 and 77% in 2020. However, since the outbreak mainly reduced juvenile survival, the impact on short‐term population dynamics was moderate, lowering the population growth rate (λ) before harvest from an average value of 1.18 (2005–2018) to 1.08 (2019) before harvest. In 2019, anomalous climate conditions with a high daily mean temperature combined with the highest recorded daily precipitation in late summer were observed. Further studies are required to document the pathological development of digital necrobacillosis across demographic groups and proximate and ultimate causes of mortality.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐HM‐3 and (−)‐HM‐4 Using an Asymmetric Gold‐Catalyzed [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Sulfonium
Authors: Zhou Weiping , Voituriez Arnaud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe asymmetric total synthesis of two sesquiterpenoids, (−)‐HM‐3 and (−)‐HM‐4, isolated from a phytopathogenic fungus, has been developed using a gold‐catalyzed [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfonium as key step. During this transformation, an excellent chirality transfer was observed between the chiral sulfoxide substrate and the newly formed quaternary stereogenic center with 96 % enantiomeric excess. The implementation of this efficient methodology allowed us to isolate the two natural products in only 7–8 chemical steps with overall yields reaching 12–16 %.
Serum neurofilament light chain in patients with epilepsy and cognitive impairment
Authors: Ueda Masamichi , Suzuki Masashi , Hatanaka Mai , Nakamura Tomohiko , Hirayama Masaaki , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe neurofilament light chain (NfL) is receiving increased attention as a biomarker of neurological diseases, as NfL concentration elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid after neuronal damage. However, few studies have addressed NfL in epilepsy. We aimed to investigate the alteration of serum NfL in adult patients with epilepsy, and the association between this biomarker and cognitive impairment.MethodsA total of 38 consecutive patients with epilepsy and 24 controls underwent cross‐sectional measurement of serum NfL levels and cognitive testing using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐J), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), the Trail‐Making Test, and the Stroop Color–Word Test. Statistical analysis was performed with Student’s t‐test to compare serum NfL levels between the epilepsy group and the control group, and with Spearman’s correlation and age‐corrected partial correlation analyses to evaluate the association between serum NfL level and cognitive impairment in epilepst patients.ResultsThere was no difference in serum NfL levels between the epilepsy and control groups (epilepsy [mean ± SD]: 17.3 ± 13.9 pg/mL; control: 17.7 ± 11.5 pg/mL; p = .92); however, the MoCA‐J scores were lower in the epilepsy group (26.6 ± 3.1 vs. 28.1 ± 1.6; p = .03). The age‐corrected partial correlation analysis showed a correlation between serum NfL level and cognitive test scores in the epilepsy group (MMSE: rs = −.63, p < .01; MoCA‐J: rs = −.54, p < .01; FAB: rs = −.68, p < .01), whereas serum NfL levels were correlated exclusively with MMSE scores in the control group (rs = .44, p = .04).SignificanceIn adult epilepsy patients, the serum NfL level was not significantly elevated, but was correlated with cognitive test scores. Our findings suggest that serum NfL concentration could be an indicator of cognitive function in epilepsy patients.
Bilateral tonic–clonic seizure and focal cortical hyperexcitability in familial Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease with E200K mutation of the prion protein
Authors: Kawaguchi Norihiko , Motoda Atsuko , Terada Tatsuhiro , Usui Naotaka , Terada Kiyohito , Matsubara Tomoyasu , Sato Katsuya , Kitamoto Tetsuyuki , Murayama Shigeo , Obi Tomokazu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConvulsive epileptic seizures are rare in Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD), and their clinical and EEG features have not been reported in detail. We describe a case of familial CJD with an E200K mutation of the prion protein who presented with bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (BTCS) during long‐term video‐EEG monitoring. Semiologically, BTCS showed focal clinical signs such as head turning and eye deviation to the left. The ictal EEG started with generalized polyspikes. Interictal EEG showed generalized periodic discharges with right fronto‐temporal predominance (larger amplitude and earlier onset compared with other regions). MRI showed high‐intensity signals persistently in the right temporo‐parietal region on diffusion‐weighted images (DWI). Interictal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed hyperperfusion in the same region. Brain pathology revealed typical spongiform changes in CJD without other pathological findings of rapidly progressive dementia. Our case demonstrates that CJD can cause BTCS with generalized EEG changes and focal semiological/imaging abnormalities, suggesting that diffuse and inhomogeneous cortical and subcortical epileptic networks may develop in familial CJD.
National innovation policies and knowledge acquisition in international alliances
Authors: Friedmann Jens‐Christian , Pedersen Torben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch summaryInternational alliances facilitate learning among firms by providing access to knowledge embedded in different countries, yet we do not know how the partnering firms' distinct national contexts shape their learning in alliances. This study brings together research on learning in alliances and research on national innovation systems to examine how innovation policies in the respective home countries of the focal firms and their partners can increase the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition in alliances. Our analyses indicate that supply‐side innovation policies in the focal firms' home countries and demand‐side policies in their partners' home countries increase the focal firms' knowledge acquisition from their partners.Managerial summaryFirms engaging in alliances should consider their national innovation system as a strategic resource they can leverage not only to improve their own knowledge sourcing but also to become a more attractive partner in international alliances, potentially opening opportunities for engaging in reciprocal knowledge exchange. Managers can expect more learning opportunities when allying with foreign partners from countries with innovation policies that stimulate public technology purchasing or encourage public–private R&D collaboration. In turn, managers of firms from countries with innovation policies that provide funding and talent for R&D can capitalize on these resources to improve their firms' knowledge acquisition from foreign partners.
Dual Axl/MerTK inhibitor INCB081776 creates a proinflammatory tumor immune microenvironment and enhances anti‐PDL1 efficacy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Kostecki Kourtney L. , Iida Mari , Wiley Anne L. , Kimani Stanley , Mehall Bridget , Tetreault Kaitlin , Alexandridis Roxana , Yu Menggang , Hong Seungpyo , Salgia Ravi , Bruce Justine Y. , Birge Raymond B. , Harari Paul M. , Wheeler Deric L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe tyrosine kinase receptors Axl and MerTK are highly overexpressed in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells, where they are critical drivers of survival, proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.MethodsWe investigated the role of Axl and MerTK in creating an immunologically “cold” tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by targeting both receptors simultaneously with a small molecule inhibitor of Axl and MerTK (INCB081776). Effects of INCB081776 and/or anti‐PDL1 on mouse oral cancer (MOC) cell growth and on the TIME were evaluated.ResultsTargeting Axl and MerTK can reduce M2 and induce M1 macrophage polarization. In vivo, INCB081776 treatment alone or with anti‐PDL1 appears to slow MOC tumor growth, increase proinflammatory immune infiltration, and decrease anti‐inflammatory immune infiltration.ConclusionsThis data indicates that simultaneous targeting of Axl and MerTK with INCB081776, either alone or in combination with anti‐PDL1, slows tumor growth and creates a proinflammatory TIME in mouse models of HNC.
Strengthening health management, leadership, and governance capacities: What are the actual training needs in Tanzania?
Authors: Jiyenze Mwandu K. , Sirili Nathanael , Ngocho James S. , Kikula Amani , Chikoti Beatus , Kapologwe Ntuli , Kengia James T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimEffective management, leadership, and governance (MLG) contribute to improved population health outcomes. However, weak management, leadership, and governance capacity continue to haunt many health systems in low‐ and‐middle‐income countries (LMICs). Capacity strengthening through training of health system managers is among the strategies to address the latter challenge. However, the actual needs for MLG training remain unestablished in many LMICs. The main objective of this study was to assess the training needs for MLG among health managers in Tanzania Mainland.MethodsWe employed a mixed methods approach and convergent mixed methods study design to establish MLG training needs among health managers. In March 2019, quantitative data were collected by administering a questionnaire to a quantitative sample of 156 health managers working in 14 councils and seven regions. We used semi‐structured interviews to collect qualitative data from a qualitative sample of 35 health managers. We used descriptive statistical technique and thematic analysis to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.ResultsThe main findings of this study show that: 152 (97%) health managers and all 35 interviewees said that there was a need for training health managers on MLG; 31 out of the 33 proposed MLG competencies were rated as important by the health managers; and a list of 35 general topics and 19 priority topics were suggested by the health managers for inclusion in future MLG training.ConclusionOur research has generated useful empirical evidence indicating the needs for training health managers on MLG in terms of expressed needs, important competencies, and topics. Policymakers and training developers should use the evidence to develop training programs to address identified needs. Future training needs studies on management and leadership should use observational and diary methods to collect data on the competencies of health managers.