bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taper equations for eight major forest tree species in flat land Ukraine
Authors: Myroniuk Viktor , Bilous Andrii , Lakyda Petro , Lesnik Oleksandr , Burianchuk Maksym , Svynchuk Viktor , Bychenko Volodymyr , Tyshchenko Oleksandr , Zadorozhniuk Roman , Soshenskyi Oleksandr , Matushevych Liubov , Diachuk Petro , Bala Oleksandr , Smolin Vitaliy , Yaroshchuk Mykola , Hrytsenko Oleksandr , Matsala Maksym 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Stem taper equations are crucial for forest management allowing to reliably estimate merchantable wood volume. Their main benefit is the ability to predict stem diameters at a certain height of the stem. Ukraine has recently adopted European Union standards for round wood classification, which prompted the necessity to model stem taper and updates all reference data to conform with the new standards. This study is a systematic attempt to develop a set of taper equations for the most common forest tree species in the Polissia and Forest steppe of Ukraine. For this purpose, we used a data set of 1994 sample trees representing eight tree species collected on 238 sample plots. The Kozak A. (2004, My last words on taper equations. For. Chron. 80, 507–515) model was chosen to fit the taper equations. To characterize the variability in stem shape among tree species, mixed-effect models were calibrated for this equation. In this model, random-effect parameters were selected based on their coefficients of variation through a bootstrapping process. This is a novel feature we suggest for the process of calibrating taper models. The Kozak A. (2004, My last words on taper equations. For. Chron. 80, 507–515) equation showed a good performance in predicting diameters outside bark and estimating the total stem volume. Our mixed-effect modelling approach accurately characterizes the variation in stem form for different tree species based on adequately chosen random-effect parameters. The stem volumes derived from the developed taper models were compared with existing volume equations outputs (divergence up to 0.5 per cent). A deviation up to 5 per cent was found between the values of fitted and observed cylindrical form factors for the studied tree species. We expect that our taper equations will complement the future steps towards the development of reliable merchantable volume distribution models for the main tree species in the forests of flat land Ukraine, thus, contributing to transparency, reliability and sustainability of forest management and markets in Europe.
Evaluating the impact of prescribed surface fire on seedlings in the Central Hardwood Region, USA
Authors: Cuprewich Sarah A , Saunders Mike R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Oak (Quercus) is being successionally replaced by maple (Acer) across much of the eastern deciduous forest. Past research on the close relationship between oak and fire has led forest managers to use prescribed surface fires to deter this replacement. However, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of prescribed fire by managers, particularly in the Central Hardwood Region. For example, it is not known how many repeat applications of prescribed fire are needed to accumulate enough oak reproduction to successfully re-establish oak-dominated stands. Tree reproduction and midstory composition were systematically surveyed across 63 mature, oak-dominated stands ranging in prescribed fire histories and aspects on the Hoosier and Wayne National Forests in southern Indiana and Ohio, respectively. These stands represent the vast majority of stands burned to promote oak regeneration since 1990 in these two National Forests. Across all sites, seedlings in the white oak group (section Quercus) and red oak group (section Lobatae) comprised 47.8 ± 3.3 per cent and 8.2 ± 1.6 per cent (mean ± SE), respectively, of all seedlings. In comparison, common competing species (maples and American beech) comprised 5.4 ± 1.4 per cent of all seedlings. Mid- and overstory basal area, percent slope, years since last burn, and total number of burns significantly affected oak seedling density. Greater increases in taller, competitive oak seedling density occurred after sites had been burned three times and with high frequency (≤4 years between burns). However, results also suggest that if an established midstory already exists or fire has not been used on the landscape for almost a decade, repeat applications of prescribed fire will not likely increase oak regeneration in the short term without concurrent treatment of midstory stems.
Effects of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the bioactive composition, volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of Huyou (Citrus aurantium‘Changshan-huyou’) peel and pomace
Authors: He Yake , Zhu Yanyun , Lv Jimin , Gu Ye , Wang Ting , Chen Jianchu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to ferment Huyou peel and pomace could provide a reference for making full use of Huyou resources and provide valuable suggestions for the industrial production of functional foods. The effects of LAB fermentation on the bioactive composition, volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of Huyou peel and pomace were studied. Results showed that both Huyou peel and pomace were good substrates for LAB growth. LAB had remarkable influence on bioconversion of organic acids, among which ascorbic acid content was increased significantly. In addition, LAB could produce flavonoids with enhanced bioactivity and absorption. In particular, the contents of rhoifolin, quercitrin and quercetin were increased by over 100%. Besides, the volatile compounds contents and aroma complexity were improved. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was enhanced. Thus, our study provides high-value applications of Huyou, and fermented products with improved nutritional value and flavor are potentially beneficial to human health.
Re-recognition of BMPR1A-related polyposis: beyond juvenile polyposis and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome
Authors: Zhao Zi-Ye , Lei Ye , Wang Zhao-Ming , Han Huan , Xing Jun-Jie , Xu Xiao-Dong , Gao Xian-Hua , Zhang Wei , Yu En-Da 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A (BMPR1A) is responsible for two individual Mendelian diseases: juvenile polyposis syndrome and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome 2, which have overlapping phenotypes. This study aimed to elucidate whether these two syndromes are just two subtypes of a single syndrome rather than two isolated syndromes.

Methods
We sequenced the BMPR1A gene in 186 patients with polyposis and colorectal cancer, and evaluated the clinicopathological features and phenotypes of the probands and their available relatives with BMPR1A mutations.

Results
BMPR1A germline mutations were found in six probands and their three available relatives. The numbers of frameshift, nonsense, splice-site, and missense mutations were one, one, two, and two, respectively; two of the six mutations were novel. Typical juvenile polyps were found in only three patients. Two patients had colorectal cancer rather than any polyps.

Conclusions
Diseases in BMPR1A germline mutation carriers vary from mixed polyposis to sole colorectal cancer, and typical juvenile polyps do not always occur in these carriers. The variety of phenotypes reflected the features of BMPR1A-mutation carriers, which should be recognized as a spectrum of one syndrome. Genetic testing may be a good approach to identifying BMPR1A-related syndromes.
Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the genetic and hybrid genetic algorithm to estimate acoustic impedance from post-stack seismic data of Blackfoot field, Canada
Authors: Maurya S P , Singh R , Mahadasu P , Singh U P , Singh K H , Singh R , Kumar R , Kushwaha P K 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARY
In this study, seismic inversion is carried out using a genetic algorithm (GA) as well as a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) approach to optimize the objective function designed for the inversion. An HGA is a two steps coupled process, where a local optimization algorithm is applied to the best model obtained from each generation of the GA. The study aims to compare the qualitative as well as the quantitative performance of both methods to delineate the reservoir zone from the non-reservoir zone. Initially, the developed algorithm is tested on synthetic data followed by its application to real data. It is found that the HGA for synthetic data is providing more accurate and high-resolution subsurface information as compared with the conventional GA although the time taken later is less as compared with the former methods. The application to real data also shows very high-resolution subsurface acoustic impedance information. The interpretation of the impedance section shows a low impedance anomaly zone at (1055–1070) ms time interval with impedance ranging from (7500 to 9500) m s−1*g cc−1. The correlation between seismic and well data shows that the low impedance zone is characterized as a clastic glauconitic sand channel (reservoir zone). In seismic inversion using an HGA, one can delineate the areal extent of the reservoir zone from the non-reservoir zone more specifically as compared to the GA-derived impedance. The convergence time of HGA is 4.4 per cent more than GA and can be even more for larger seismic reflection data sets. Further, for a more detailed analysis of the reservoir zone and to cross-validate inverted results, an artificial neural network (ANN) is applied to data, and porosity volume is predicted. The analysis shows that the low impedance zone interpreted in inversion results are correlating with the high porosity zone found in ANN methods and confirm the presence of the glauconitic sand channel. This study is important in the aspect of qualitative as well as quantitative comparison of the performance of the GA and HGA to delineate sand channels.
The influence of physical and algorithmic factors on simulated far-field waveforms and source–time functions of underground explosions using unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Harding Jennifer L , Preston Leiph A , Eliassi Mehdi 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARY
Characterizing explosion sources and differentiating between earthquake and underground explosions using distributed seismic networks becomes non-trivial when explosions are detonated in cavities or heterogeneous ground material. Moreover, there is little understanding of how changes in subsurface physical properties affect the far-field waveforms we record and use to infer information about the source. Simulations of underground explosions and the resultant ground motions can be a powerful tool to systematically explore how different subsurface properties affect far-field waveform features, but there are added variables that arise from how we choose to model the explosions that can confound interpretation. To assess how both subsurface properties and algorithmic choices affect the seismic wavefield and the estimated source functions, we ran a series of 2-D axisymmetric non-linear numerical explosion experiments and wave propagation simulations that explore a wide array of parameters. We then inverted the synthetic far-field waveform data using a linear inversion scheme to estimate source–time functions (STFs) for each simulation case. We applied principal component analysis (PCA), an unsupervised machine learning method, to both the far-field waveforms and STFs to identify the most important factors that control variance in the waveform data and differences between cases. For the far-field waveforms, the largest variance occurs in the shallower radial receiver channels in the 0–50 Hz frequency band. For the STFs, both peak amplitude and rise times across different frequencies contribute to the variance. We find that the ground equation of state (i.e. lithology and rheology) and the explosion emplacement conditions (i.e. tamped versus cavity) have the greatest effect on the variance of the far-field waveforms and STFs, with the ground yield strength and fracture pressure being secondary factors. Differences in the PCA results between the far-field waveforms and STFs could possibly be due to near-field non-linearities of the source that are not accounted for in the estimation of STFs and could be associated with yield strength, fracture pressure, cavity radius and cavity shape parameters. Other algorithmic parameters are found to be less important and cause less variance in both the far-field waveforms and STFs, meaning algorithmic choices in how we model explosions are less important, which is encouraging for the further use of explosion simulations to study how physical Earth properties affect seismic waveform features and estimated STFs.
Reply to comment on Geophysical inversion and Optimal Transport, 231, 172–198, by Okazaki & Ueda
Authors: Sambridge Malcolm , Jackson Andrew , Valentine Andrew P 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARY
Concerns raised by Okazaki & Ueda (2022) on the paper by Sambridge et al. (2022) are addressed. Two issues are discussed and some new numerical results presented. The first concerns whether the properties of the Wasserstein time-series misfit introduced in our earlier paper will translate to model space non-uniqueness in a seismic waveform inversion setting. It is argued that this is unlikely, given the special conditions, which must exist between all observed/predicted seismic waveform pairs for non-uniqueness to result. The second issue discussed is the efficacy of using the Sliced Wasserstein algorithm of Bonneel et al. (2015) as an alternate to the marginal Wasserstein algorithm, as proposed by Okazaki & Ueda (2022). It is argued that for optimization-based waveform fitting, the Sliced Wasserstein algorithm is a viable alternate provided care is taken to ensure that conditions arise which do invalidate analytical derivative expressions of the resulting Wasserstein misfit. In practice, this would likely mean recasting the 2D Optimal Transport problem posed in our earlier paper onto unstructured grids.
Key changes in bovine milk immunoglobulin G during lactation: NeuAc sialylation is a hallmark of colostrum immunoglobulin GN-glycosylation
Authors: Gazi Inge , Reiding Karli R , Groeneveld André , Bastiaans Jan , Huppertz Thom , Heck Albert J R 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe monitored longitudinal changes in bovine milk IgG in samples from four cows at 9 time points in between 0.5 and 28 days following calving. We used peptide-centric LC–MS/MS on proteolytic digests of whole bovine milk, resulting in the combined identification of 212 individual bovine milk protein sequences, with IgG making up &gt;50 percent of the protein content of every 0.5 d colostrum sample, which reduced to ≤3 percent in mature milk. In parallel, we analyzed IgG captured from the bovine milk samples to characterize its N-glycosylation, using dedicated methods for bottom-up glycoproteomics employing product ion-triggered hybrid fragmentation; data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD037755. The bovine milk IgG N-glycosylation profile was revealed to be very heterogeneous, consisting of &gt;40 glycoforms. Furthermore, these N-glycosylation profiles changed substantially over the period of lactation, but consistently across the four individual cows. We identified NeuAc sialylation as the key abundant characteristic of bovine colostrum IgG, significantly decreasing in the first days of lactation, and barely detectable in mature bovine milk IgG. We also report, for the first time to our knowledge, the identification of subtype IgG3 in bovine milk, alongside the better-documented IgG1 and IgG2. The detailed molecular characteristics we describe of the bovine milk IgG, and their dynamic changes during lactation, are important not only for the fundamental understanding of the calf’s immune development, but also for understanding bovine milk and its bioactive components in the context of human nutrition.
Barrier profiles in workplace health promotion in Germany
Authors: Noehammer Elisabeth , Amler Nadja , Fischmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

Lay SummaryWorkplace health promotion (WHP) is often faced with low-participation rates despite high relevance. This limits the potential for creating positive effects for the organization and its staff. Therefore, we investigated the barriers perceived by employees themselves using a representative sample (regarding age, gender and education) in Germany. Data were collected using a quantitative online questionnaire and then analyzed regarding underlying patterns. We found that there are different barrier types, and their importance differs depending on demographic criteria of the participants and the organizations they work for. These results can help organizations to reduce participation barriers to WHP for their staff.
Qualitative exploration of the reasons for not using nutritional warnings after policy implementation in Uruguay
Authors: Ares Gastón , Antúnez Lucía , Curutchet María Rosa , Galicia Luis , Natero Virginia , Giménez Ana , Otterbring Tobias 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Nutritional warnings have gained popularity, particularly in the region of the Americas, to facilitate the identification of products with excessive content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases and encourage healthier food choices. Although warnings have been shown to be effective, an in-depth understanding of the reasons why some consumers do not use them is still lacking. The aim of the present work was to explore self-reported use of nutritional warnings and to identify the reasons for not considering nutritional warnings for making food purchase decisions after policy implementation in Uruguay. A non-probabilistic sample of 858 Uruguayan participants was recruited using an advertisement on Facebook and Instagram. Through an online survey, self-reported use of nutritional warnings was asked using a closed-open ended questions. Participants who reported not considering warnings to make their purchase decisions were asked to explain the reasons why using an open-ended question. Responses were analysed using deductive coding, based on the Behavioural Drivers Model. Thirty seven percent of the participants stated that the warnings had not influenced their purchase decisions. Motives for not being influenced by the warnings were related to lack of interest, attitudes, lack of perceived self-efficacy, cognitive biases and limited rationality when making purchase decisions. In addition, structural barriers, such as availability, cost and trust in the food industry also emerged from participants’ responses. Strategies to encourage the use of warnings should include communication campaigns and policies to address structural barriers related to the perceived availability and affordability of healthy foods.
Attending sporting mega events during COVID-19: mitigation and messaging at UK EURO 2020 matches
Authors: Purves Richard I , Maclean Jordan , Rocha Claudio , Philpott Matthew , Fitzgerald Niamh , Piggin Joe , Hunt Kate 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe UEFA EURO 2020 football tournament was one of the largest Sporting Mega Events (SMEs) to take place during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mitigating the risk of virus transmission requires a multi-layered approach for any large event, more so in this case due to staging the tournament across eleven host countries. Yet, little is known about COVID-19 risks and mitigation from attending an event of this scale and nature. We examined the implementation of mitigation and messaging at EURO 2020 matches hosted at venues in the UK. The tournament was postponed from the summer of 2020 and played in June and July of 2021. Structured observations were conducted by 11 trained fieldwork-supporters at 10 matches played at Wembley Stadium, London, or Hampden Park, Glasgow. Fieldwork-supporters observed one-way systems and signage, and hand sanitizing stations inside the stadia, but reported significant variation in the implementation of staggered timeslots, testing upon entry, and procedures for exit. Adherence to planned measures by ticket holders and implementation by stewards waned as the tournament progressed culminating in an absence of enforced measures at the final. The non-compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures was likely to have led to a significantly increased risk of transmission. Future events should consider how COVID-19 mitigation measures could become ‘new norms’ of fan behaviour, learning from what is already known about football fandom. Tournament organizers of SMEs can use these findings to promote clearer messaging on pandemic-driven changes in fan behaviour and best practices in mitigating risk at future sporting and cultural events.
Health education in conservatoires: what should it consist of? Findings from workshops with experts (Part II)
Authors: Matei Raluca , Phillips Keith 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAlthough health education programmes have been implemented in higher music education (HME) and their evaluations published in peer-reviewed journals, guidelines as to what ought to be included in these programmes are still missing. This study aimed to document expert discussions on the content of an ideal health education curriculum for HME students in the UK, integrating critical thinking. Four interdisciplinary workshops were conducted, where 67 experts in relevant fields took part, and were asked to discuss four lists of topics and concepts created based on literature reviews (cognitive biases, logical fallacies, critical appraisal tools and health topics). Only the list on health topics is relevant here. Notes taken by the participants and ourselves were thematically analysed. Four themes were identified, two of which are reported in this paper: (i) The health education curriculum and (ii) A settings-based approach to health. Part I of this project (published elsewhere) is focussed on the critical thinking content of health education for conservatoire students. The present paper focusses on the ideal health education curriculum and its implications for the wider context of health promotion.
Associations of health literacy with missed free influenza immunization in people with chronic diseases
Authors: Arsenović Sladjana , Trajković Goran , Pekmezović Tatjana , Gazibara Tatjana 
Published: January 2023

Summary
There is a gap in understanding specific features of health literacy that might be associated with adherence to influenza immunization. The aim of this study was to examine the association of health literacy with avoidance of influenza immunization and beliefs about the influenza vaccine among people with chronic diseases. Selection of study participants was based on a case–control study design in a population of people with chronic illnesses living in the Foča region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and who were entitled to receive a free influenza shot in season 2017/2018. The cases represented all non-vaccinated people (a total of 146) and the controls were vaccinated people (a total of 149) matched according to town of residence. Participants were interviewed in person from April to December 2018 using a socio-demographic questionnaire, Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and Health Belief Model Applied to Influenza (HBMAI). Better score on ‘Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers’, ‘Social support for health’ and ‘Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers’ was associated with more perceived benefits of influenza immunization in men, but not in women. Perceiving more Barriers to influenza immunization was associated with lower scores on ‘Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers’, ‘Have sufficient information to manage health’, ‘Social support for health’ and ‘Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers’ in both men and women. Health literacy may be associated with the perception of susceptibility to influenza, benefits and barriers to influenza immunization and motivations to receive influenza vaccine.