bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Polarization Setup at CENTAUR, the SANS/WANS Instrument at the Second Target Station of SNS
Authors: Qian Shuo , Jiang Chenyang , Li Fankang , Khaplanov Anton 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
CENTAUR is a multifunctional general purpose small-angle and wide-angle neutron scattering instrument with diffraction and spectroscopic capability in the future Second Target Station at the Spallation Neutron Source of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. To fill a gap in neutron polarization capability, the instrument will be designed to provide polarization analysis. Here we present the conceptual polarization setup at CENTAUR, as well as the Spin Echo Modulated Small-Angle Neutron Scattering setup which will further expand the length scale covered by the instrument.
The first polarized neutron diffraction experiment at the time-of-flight single crystal neutron diffractometer SENJU at J-PARC
Authors: Takahashi S , Kiyanagi R , Kobayashi R , Okudaira T , Ino T , Suzuki J , Kakurai K , Oku T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The 3He spin filter has been developed to use pulsed neutrons effectively at J-PARC MLF. In this study, the 3He spin filter was installed in the single crystal neutron diffractometer (BL18 SENJU) at J-PARC MLF as a polarizer of the incident beam, and Half-polarized neutron diffraction experiments were performed. The 3He spin filter was used the ”drop-in cell” method with cells that had a relaxation time of 150 hours in the past experiments. The sample was a single crystal of Heusler crystal Cu2MnAl and the sample magnetic field was 0.3 T. The intensities of (111) Bragg peaks of Cu2MnAl were drastically changed with the polarity of the incident neutron beam, and the flipping ratio of 21.7 at 3.6 Å was observed. The experimental setup and the performance of the 3He spin filter used in this experiment are described in detail in this paper.
Advanced polarization analysis capability on the very small-angle neutron scattering instrument at the NIST Center for Neutron Research
Authors: Chen W.C. , Krycka K.L. , Watson S.M. , Barker J.G. , Gaudet J. , Burrall H. , Borchers J.A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Very Small Angle Neutron Scattering (VSANS) diffractometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has been commissioned and is in the user program. A large available space of nearly 2 m along the beam in the sample area not only enhances the existing SANS polarization analysis capability, but also makes it possible for implementation of other polarization analysis capabilities which would not be easily available on existing SANS instruments, including grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering with polarization analysis and spherical neutron polarimetry. We present two polarized setups, one for high magnetic sample fields and the other for low magnetic sample fields, together with a versatile and flexible operational platform for polarized beam experiments. The design of a magnetostatic cavity device that provides better field homogeneity and thus longer 3He polarization relaxation time is discussed. It consists of an end-compensated magnetic shielded solenoid with non-identical holes to accommodate the divergent scattered beam in a constrained distance. Significant improvement in polarized neutronic performance, 3He polarization relaxation time, and an extended momentum transfer range for polarization analysis are presented. Improved neutron polarizing devices, double V-shaped supermirror polarizer, adiabatic radio-frequency spin flipper, and a 3He spin analyzer have yielded an initial instrumental flipping ratio of 100, allowing for higher sensitivity to detection of weak magnetic features in the sample.
Simulations and concepts for a 2-D spin-echo modulated SANS (SEMSANS) instrument
Authors: Parnell Steven R. , Berg Sergi Van Den , Bolderink Gregor , Bouwman Wim G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) technique utilises a series of inclined magnetic fields before and after the sample to encode the scattering angle into the polarisation to obtain a much higher resolution than in conventional SANS. The analogous technique (spin echo modulated SANS (SEMSANS)) implements spin manipulations before the sample only to encode the scattering into an intensity modulation. The technique can be combined with SANS to expand the length scale range probed from 1 nm to microns.
Using McStas we show that using a series of four magnetic Wollaston prisms in two orthogonal pairs with a 90° rotation can be utilised to create SEMSANS modulations in 2-D. These modulations can also be of different periods in each encoding direction. This method can be applied to anisotropic scattering samples. Also this allows for the simultaneous measurement at two orthogonal independent spin-echo lengths. This technique yields directly information about the structure of oriented structures.
Current policies are insufficient to protect or restore Brazil’s cost-effective conservation priority zones
Authors: Ramos Rafael G , Scarabello Marluce , Soterroni Aline C , Andrade Pedro R , Simões Rolf , Ruivo Heloisa M , Kraxner Florian , Ramos Fernando M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In Brazil, conservation priority zones, in spite of their key role in preserving natural vegetation and its environmental resources are frequently located outside the country’s public network of protected areas (PAs). Here we present the first study on land-use impacts inside Brazil’s unprotected (i.e. outside PAs) Cost-Effective conservation priority Zones (CEZs), for the period 2020–2050. CEZs are conservation priority zones that had experienced low levels of human impact in 2020. In this study, we consider various governance scenarios, including different deforestation control and native vegetation restoration policies. To this end, a land-use change model is combined with a downscaling method to generate natural vegetation cover projections at a 0.01

∘

resolution. Results, which include the effects of climate change on the expansion of the Brazilian agriculture, project native vegetation losses (through deforestation) or gains (through restoration) inside unprotected CEZs. If the current pattern of disregard for the environment persists, our results indicate that a large share of the native vegetation inside Brazil’s CEZs is likely to disappear, with negative impacts on biodiversity preservation, green-house gas emissions and ecosystem services in general. Moreover, even if fully implemented and enforced, Brazil’s current Forest Code is insufficient to adequately protect CEZs from anthropization, especially in the Cerrado biome. We expect that this study can help improving the conservation and restoration of CEZs in Brazil.
A Study on Effectiveness of Ecolabels in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Sector
Authors: Paul Dipen , Malik Sushant , Mishra Dharmesh K. , Teotia Amit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ecolabels are not enough to solve sustainable consumption and procurement; if the awareness of ecolabels among the population is increased, a significant amount of purchase behavior can be changed towards eco-labeled products. Food consumption or fast-moving consumer goods is one such sector that can be looked upon to bring out changes in the food consumption habits of people. Programs to impart ecolabel knowledge can be implemented to increase the perception of individual towards saving the environment and thereby increasing the perceived environmental attitude. For the analysis, the sample size of 206 individuals was tested for the various hypotheses. 45% of the respondents have significant awareness of ecolabels and the steps can be taken to design the ecolabels for food products consumed daily. The results suggest that attention to ecolabels can be a significant factor in increasing ecolabels’ awareness. With the increase in awareness the buying or purchase intention of eco-labeled products also increases. Understanding the effectiveness of ecolabelling will help in developing the comprehensive ecolabelling scheme for food products and consumer good which may result in emission reduction since ecolabels considers the life cycle assessment and the impact of product on environment.
First and second law analysis of dedicated hydrogen fuelled PFI-DTSI (Port Fuel Injection-Digital Three) high-speed SI engine
Authors: Jalindar Shinde Balu , Karunamurthy K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The first and second law analysis was performed on a Single Cylinder, Multivalve, Electronic Fuel Injection, and high-speed motor fuelled engine with Gasoline and Hydrogen to assess energetic and exegetic performance. The engine was evaluated from 3000 rpm to 6000 rpm with both fuels. All tests are conducted at Wide Open Throttle conditions. The gasoline combustion was at stoichiometric, and hydrogen was lean burn. The most extreme energy and exergy efficiency was observed with hydrogen at 39.06% and 36.58% separately. Gasoline fuel 36.8 % and 34.6 % energy and exergy recorded at the same speed of 6000 rpm. The highest performance of hydrogen is due to high flame speed, and higher flame temperature. This shows that hydrogen converts the most extreme chemical energy to yield more power than gasoline. The coolant energy and exergy are additionally higher with hydrogen fuel. The lowest coolant energy is gasoline. The outcomes are additionally checked with combustion investigation of each fuel and found heat release rate was most extreme with hydrogen, trailed by gasoline. The greatest exergy destruction of 48.57 kW was with gasoline and followed by minimal with hydrogen. The greatest entropy is 49.45 W/K for gasoline and 22.22 W/K for hydrogenengines individually.
Computational Heat transfer analysis of capsulated liquid metal fins
Authors: Geethika B , Revanth Venkat A , Durgesh K , Venkatesan M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fins are extended surfaces to increase convection heat transfer. Conventional fins are made of solid metals and alloys. Liquid metals such as sodium have melting points below atmospheric temperature. Liquid metals have lower specific heats and higher thermal diffusivity when compared to solid metals. These properties can be used in enhancing heat transfer. In the present work, a numerical model is developed for analyzing the effect of capsulating liquid metal in a solid pin fin. COMSOL Multiphysics package is used to determine heat transfer characteristics under varying geometric and flow conditions. The enhancement of heat transfer due to capsulating Mercury in the Aluminium pin fin when compared to solid Aluminium pin fin is detailed.
The Quest for Quality Healthcare Services  What we can learn from a settlement-based case study?
Authors: Roy Sarani , Rai Anu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Adopting the case study approach present study attempts to unwrap the status of the healthcare accessibility of the Berhampur Community Development (CD) block of Murshidabad. A network-based method integrated with the gravity model is used to identify under-serviced areas that do not have access to essential healthcare services at the settlement level. The attempt is made to map the significant socio-economic and demographic factors affecting the accessibility of quality healthcare services that can suggest the best possible solution to considering the heterogeneous needs of the population concerning healthcare services. The healthcare accessibility index (Ai) to the population demand is mapped to delineate the underserviced area. The Joint Hansen’s Improved Gravity Model and Huff Model (probability model) is used with deprivation mapping. Following the human- rights approach of the good living standards, fourteen indicators were extracted from census data, and the indicators were standardized by applying a min-max normalization formula. The indices calculate to measure healthcare deprivation, and inaccessibility at the neighborhood scale indicate the sharp differences in the spatial context. The increasing coverage of healthcare facilities has yet to address the issue of accessibility as an interplay between facilities-connectivity matrix. The study used a connectivity matrix to analyze healthcare accessibility and found that network-based measurement of health accessibility is more suitable over straight-line distance. We found this work may help support policymaking and bridge the gap between the biased share of infrastructure coverage and health care disparity in the study area.
Surface modification of PVA/Chitosan/PEG/HAp nanofiber scaffolds by plasma treatment and studies of their morphology, wettability, and biodegradation rate
Authors: Hartatiek  , Wuriantika M I , Amalia S , Masruroh  , Yudyanto  , Nurhuda M , Santjojo D J D H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanofiber scaffold has been widely developed as a tissue engineering material because it can imitate the ECM of bones. In this study, nanofiber scaffold is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and hydroxyapatite (HAp) which have superior characteristics for tissue engineering applications. The nanofiber scaffold is synthesized using electrospinning. Experimental results show that dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment causes increased surface roughness, contributing to the improvement of surface wettability. This is indicated by a decrease in this contact angle from 9.92° to 1.74°. In addition, DBD plasma treatment also increased biodegradation as well as increased treatment time.
A high-level quantum chemical study of the thermodynamics associated with chlorine transfer between N-chlorinated nucleobases
Authors: O’Reilly Robert J , Karton Amir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The relative free energies of the isomers formed upon N-chlorination of each nitrogen atom within the DNA nucleobases (adenine, guanine, and thymine) have been obtained using the high-level G4(MP2) composite ab initio method (the free energies of the N-chlorinated isomers of cytosine have been reported at the same level of theory previously). Having identified the lowest energy N-chlorinated derivatives for each nucleobase, we have computed the free energies associated with chlorine transfer from N-chlorinated nucleobases to other unsubstituted bases. Our results provide quantitative support pertaining to the results of previous experimental studies, which demonstrated that rapid chlorine transfer occurs from N-chlorothymidine to cytidine or adenosine. The results of our calculations in the gas-phase reveal that chlorine transfer from N-chlorothymine to either cytosine, adenine, or guanine proceed via exergonic processes with ΔG
o values of −50.3 (cytosine), −28.0 (guanine), and −6.7 (adenine) kJ mol–1. Additionally, we consider the effect of aqueous solvation by augmenting our gas-phase G4(MP2) energies with solvation corrections obtained using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model. In aqueous solution, we obtain the following G4(MP2) free energies associated with chlorine transfer from N-chlorothymine to the three other nucleobases: −58.4 (cytosine), −26.4 (adenine), and −18.7 (guanine) kJ mol–1. Therefore, our calculations, whether in the gas phase or in aqueous solution, clearly indicate that chlorine transfer from any of the N-chlorinated nucleobases to cytosine provides a thermodynamic sink for the active chlorine. This thermodynamic preference for chlorine transfer to cytidine may be particularly deleterious since previous experimental studies have shown that nitrogen-centered radical formation (via N–Cl bond homolysis) is more easily achieved in N-chlorinated cytidine than in other N-chlorinated nucleosides.
Localizing virtual cycles for Donaldson-Thomas invariants of Calabi-Yau 4-folds
Authors: Kiem Young-Hoon , Park Hyeonjun 
Published: May 2023

In 2020, Oh and Thomas constructed a virtual cycle

[
X

]

v
i
r

∈

A
∗

(
X
)

[X]^{\mathrm {vir}} \in A_*(X)

for a quasi-projective moduli space

X
X

of stable sheaves or complexes over a Calabi-Yau 4-fold against which DT4 invariants may be defined as integrals of cohomology classes. In this paper, we prove that the virtual cycle localizes to the zero locus

X
(
σ
)

X(\sigma )

of an isotropic cosection

σ
\sigma

of the obstruction sheaf

O

b
X

Ob_X

of

X
X

and construct a localized virtual cycle

[
X

]

l
o
c

v
i
r

∈

A
∗

(
X
(
σ
)
)

[X]^{\mathrm {vir}} _\mathrm {loc}\in A_*(X(\sigma ))

. This is achieved by further localizing the Oh-Thomas class which localizes Edidin-Graham’s square root Euler class of a special orthogonal bundle. When the cosection

σ
\sigma

is surjective so that the virtual cycle vanishes, we construct a reduced virtual cycle

[
X

]

r
e
d

v
i
r

[X]^{\mathrm {vir}} _{\mathrm {red}}

. As an application, we prove DT4 vanishing results for hyperkähler 4-folds. All these results hold for virtual structure sheaves and K-theoretic DT4 invariants.
On a discrete framework of hypocoercivity for kinetic equations
Authors: Blaustein Alain , Filbet Francis 
Published: May 2023

We propose and study a fully discrete finite volume scheme for the linear Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation written as an hyperbolic system using Hermite polynomials in velocity. This approach naturally preserves the stationary solution and the weightedL2L^2relative entropy. Then, we adapt the arguments developed in Dolbeault, Mouhot, and Schmeiser [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 367 (2015), pp. 3807–3828] based on hypocoercivity methods to get quantitative estimates on the convergence to equilibrium of the discrete solution. Finally, we prove that in the diffusive limit, the scheme is asymptotic preserving with respect to both the time variable and the scaling parameter at play.
Atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack and stroke in older people. A themed collection in age and ageing journal
Authors: Mensah Ekow A , Masoli Jane A H , Rajkumar Chakravarthi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With an increase in the ageing population, there is a rise in the burden of cardiovascular disease. Age and Ageing have compiled collections of their key cardiovascular themed papers. The first Age and Ageing Cardiovascular Collection focussed on blood pressure, coronary heart disease and heart failure. In this second collection, publications since 2011 were selected with emphasis on atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke. The prevalence of TIA and stroke increases as people get older. In this commentary we summarise studies published in Age and Ageing that bring to the fore the need for a multidisciplinary, person-centred approach to care, conscientious identification of risk factors and their management and prevention strategies, which will inform policy ultimately reducing the burden of cost placed by stroke care on healthcare financing. Read the latest Cardiovascular Collection here.
A Comprehensive Review of Brain Tumour Detection Mechanisms
Authors: Ramtekkar Praveen Kumar , Pandey Anjana , Pawar Mahesh Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The brain is regarded as the central part of the human body and has a very complicated structure. The abnormal growth of tissue inside the brain is called a brain tumour. Tumour detection at an early stage is the most difficult task in the discipline of health. In this review article, the authors have deeply analysed and reviewed the brain tumour detection mechanisms which include manual, semi- and fully automated techniques. Today, fully automated mechanisms apply deep learning (DL) methods for tumour detection in brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs). This paper deals with previously published research articles relevant to various brain tumour detection techniques. Review of various types of tumours, MRI modalities, datasets, filters, segmentation methods and DL techniques like long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit network, convolution neural network, auto encoder, deep belief network, recurrent neural network, generative adverse network and deep stacking networks have been included in this paper. It has been observed from the analysis that the use of DL techniques in the detection of brain tumours improves accuracy. Finally, this paper reveals research gaps, limitations of existing methods, challenges in tumour detection and contributions of the proposed article.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with worse short and long-term outcomes in critically ill patients
Authors: Paula S , Oliveira A , Silva J , Santos R , Simoes A , Pereira J G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF), either chronic or new onset, is common in critically ill patients. Its epidemiology and relationship with clinical outcomes, and the role of post-discharge anticoagulation, is unknown.

Methods
Single-center retrospective, cohort study, evaluating all patients with AF admitted to a non-cardiac intensive care unit during a 54-month period. Their clinical outcomes at short-term (hospital discharge) and long-term (2-year follow-up) were evaluated.
The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI for the 2-year all-cause mortality was computed for the whole population with AF compared with a matched one, without AF (1:2 ratio).

Results
We screened 1357 patients, mean age 75±15.2 years, length of intensive care unit stay 4.7±5.1 days, hospital mortality 26%. We identified 215 (15.8%) patients with AF (66% chronic AF). The 2-year all-cause mortality was similar in patients with chronic or new onset AF (58.5% vs 50.7%, p=0.388). Only 85 patients received anticoagulation following their hospital discharge, mostly with chronic AF (74.5% vs 25.5%, p&lt;0.001). We found no benefit from anticoagulation on the 2-year mortality rate (adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.63-1.86, p=0.6).
We successfully matched 145 patients with AF with 290 controls. Mortality was higher in patients with AF, either in-hospital mortality or during long-term follow-up (mortality 53.8% vs 36.9%, HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.31-2.37, p=0.001).

Conclusions
Patients with AF, both chronic and new onset, had significantly worse short- and long-term outcomes. No mortality benefit was found from anticoagulation after hospital discharge in patients with AF.