bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Grazing Enhances Bacterial Diversity and Network Stability More Than Single Grazing in Both Nondegraded and Moderately Degraded Grasslands
Authors: Xu Jiazheng , Wu Xuefeng , Hu Jin , Yang Yurong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSoil microbial communities are integral in supporting the sustainability of grassland ecosystems. Livestock grazing exerts varied impacts on soil microbial communities due to distinct grazing behaviors and feeding preferences. However, the effects of livestock diversification on the soil microbial community in moderately degraded grassland compared with nondegraded grassland are still uncertain. To narrow this gap, we carried out a grazing experiment in the eastern Eurasian steppe by altering livestock diversification (nongrazing [NG], cattle grazing alone [CG], sheep grazing alone [SG], and mixed cattle and sheep grazing [MG]) in both nondegraded [ND] and moderately degraded grasslands [MD] for 3 years. We applied high‐throughput sequencing to investigate microbial diversity, community composition, co‐occurrence network structure, and community assembly processes in the topsoil (0–10 cm). Our study revealed that MG significantly enhanced bacterial richness (144.6%, p = 0.005), fungal richness (30%, p = 0.003), network stability and topological properties (5.7% more nodes, and 7.1% higher positive connection ratios) compared to NG in nondegraded grassland. Furthermore, MG had relatively high stability of bacterial networks compared with single grazing in both nondegraded and moderately degraded grasslands. Additionally, the assembly of soil microbial communities in grassland was dominated by stochastic processes, whereas MG reduced the randomness in fungal community assembly. Moreover, bacterial communities exhibited a stronger association with soil characteristics in terms of diversity, composition, and stochastic processes, while fungal communities demonstrated a greater correlation with plant characteristics. Our findings indicated that MG promoted soil bacterial diversity and network stability while reducing the importance of stochastic processes compared to single grazing. However, the effect was largely dependent on the habitat condition of grassland. The results of this study highlight that diversifying livestock grazing can be an effective management practice to maintain the stability of grassland on the eastern edge of the Eurasian steppe belt from the perspective of the soil microbial community.
AC‐Driven Color‐Tunable White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes With Micron‐Scale Patterned Carrier Transport Layers
Authors: Zhou Hejian , Zhuang Xiaoxiao , Xu Mengxin , Liu Shihao , Zhang Letian , Xie Wenfa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntelligent lighting systems that adjust color temperature and intensity to enhance well‐being, are gaining traction. White organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), known for their broad spectrum and precise control, show promise for future solutions. However, current color‐tunable OLEDs face challenges in balancing spectrum control, luminance, and efficiency. This work introduces a two‐electrode, color‐tunable OLED design using pixelated regular and inverted carrier transport layers, along with Mg‐doped 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and bilayer emitting layers. The device achieves color tunability without altering luminance, demonstrating peak external quantum efficiencies of 17.4% and 18.4%, with maximum luminance levels of 38449 and 111077 cd m−2, under positive and negative biases, respectively. By modulating the pulse amplitude during the positive and negative half‐cycles of the AC signal, this design enables color temperature adjustments from 17614 to 3169 K, offering a promising solution for intelligent lighting systems.
First‐Principles Study on the Influence of Atomic Coordination on the Adhesion Strength and Stability of FeCr2O4/α‐Fe Interface
Authors: Zhu Yijie , Qi Jing , Que Shuiping , Yang Hongmin , Ma Chaoqun , Li Jingjing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo investigate the effect of atomic coordination on the stability and adhesion strength of the FeCr2O4/α‐Fe interface, four different interface models (O top‐site, Cr top‐site, Fe1 top‐site, and Fe2 top‐site) are developed based on first‐principles density functional theory. The results indicate that the FeCr2O4/α‐Fe interface primarily consists of Feme‐Oox mixed ionic‐covalent bonds and Feme‐Feox metallic bonds, with the Feme‐Oox bonds dominating the interfacial adhesion strength. Compared with the Fe2 top‐site interface, the Fe1 and Cr top‐site interfaces exhibit low charge accumulation and longer Feme‐Oox bonds, which results in weaker Feme‐Oox bonding strength at the interface. The orbital hybridization between Fe and O atoms at the Fe2 top‐site interface is stronger than that at the Cr top‐site interface, leading to greater structural stability for the Fe2 top‐site interface. These results could have practical significance for understanding the failure of the oxide film on ferritic heat exchangers.
In vivo simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift thermometry and single reference variable flip angle T1 measurements
Authors: Richards Nicholas , Malmberg Michael , Odéen Henrik , Johnson Sara , Kline Michelle , Merrill Robb , Hadley Rock , Parker Dennis L. , Payne Allison 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe single reference variable flip angle sequence with a multi‐echo stack of stars acquisition (SR‐VFA‐SoS) simultaneously measures temperature change using proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift and T1‐based thermometry methods. This work evaluates SR‐VFA‐SoS thermometry in MR‐guided focused ultrasound in an in vivo rabbit model.MethodsSimultaneous PRF shift thermometry and T1‐based thermometry were obtained in a New Zealand white rabbit model (n = 7) during MR‐guided focused ultrasound surgery using the SR‐VFA‐SoS sequence at 3 T. Distinct locations in muscle (n = 16), fat (n = 12), or the interface of both tissues (n = 23) were heated. The T1‐temperature coefficient of fat was determined using least‐squares fitting of inversion recovery‐based T1 maps of untreated fat harvested from the animal and was applied to the in vivo measured heat‐induced T1 changes to create temperature maps.ResultsUsing k‐space weighted image contrast reconstruction, temporal resolution of 1.71 s was achieved for simultaneous thermometry at 1.5 × 1.5 × 2 mm voxel resolution. PRF shift thermometry was not sensitive to heating in fat. T1 changes were observed in fat at the ultrasound focus. The mean T1‐temperature coefficient for fat was determined to be 1.9%/°C ± 0.2%/°C. Precision was 0.76°C ± 0.18°C for PRF shift thermometry in muscle and 1.93°C ± 0.60°C for T1‐based thermometry in fat. Sonications in muscle showed an increase in T1 of 2.4%/°C ± 0.9%/°C.ConclusionThe SR‐VFA‐SoS sequence was shown to simultaneously measure temperature change using PRF shift and T1‐based methods in an in vivo model, providing thermometry for both aqueous and fat tissues.
Boron nitride and few layers graphene incorporated carboxylated butadiene nitrile rubber hybrid nanocomposites: Preparation, properties and mechanistic insights
Authors: Vishakh M. G. , Painuly Diksha , Ragupathy Lakshminarayanan , Kanappally Anurag , Vadivelu Prabha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHerein, we report a scalable method for preparing stable aqueous dispersions of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), suitable for incorporation into carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) latex to produce high‐quality nanocomposites. Mono and hybrid nanocomposites of h‐BN/Few‐Layer Graphene (FLG) with XNBR were synthesized using probe sonication (PS) and high‐pressure homogenization (HPH). UTM analysis revealed significant improvements (7 to 10.9 and 12.4 MPa) in tensile strength (TS) for both mono (1.5 phr) and hybrid (FLG/h‐BN; 1.5/1 phr) nanocomposites prepared via HPH. The incorporation of exfoliated h‐BN and FLG into XNBR enhances thermal stability, restricts molecular chain mobility, and shifts the glass transition temperature (Tg) toward higher values (−26.7 to −21.6 °C) due to strong interfacial interactions, as confirmed by DMA and DSC analyses. Density functional theory (DFT) study highlighted preferential interactions between h‐BN and acrylic acid/butadiene units of XNBR over acrylonitrile. Antibacterial assays demonstrated synergistic increased inhibition zones (26 to 40 mm) to hybrid fillers (h‐BN ≥3 phr, FLG 1.5 phr) incorporated XNBR thin film nanocomposites against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Toxicity studies on mouse fibroblast cell lines showed enhanced biocompatibility XNBR with h‐BN (>3 phr h‐BN incorporation with XNBR show >90% cell viability while raw XNBR demonstrates~65% toxicity). However, the hybrid fillers incorporation up to 1.5 phr of h‐BN show a maximum biocompatibility (>75% cell viability) compared to the parent material. The novel incorporation of h‐BN and FLG into XNBR provides strong evidence of the enhanced antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the hybrid nanocomposites, underscoring their potential relevance in biomedical applications.Highlights
The aqueous dispersion of h‐BN was prepared and characterized.
Mono and hybrid nanocomposites of h‐BN with XNBR were synthesized using probe sonication (PS) and high‐pressure homogenization (HPH).
Synergistic improvement in antibacterial and biocompatibility were observed.
Synthesis wide‐bandgap aluminum oxide decorated graphene for tailoring dielectric and energy storage properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) films
Authors: Li Yongming , Zhang Ziyu , Fan Shuhui , Wang Tianhua , Li Yuchao , Zhan Yanhu , Li Yankai , Xie Qian , Xiao Meng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA composite dielectric film with synergistically improved dielectric constant (ɛ′) and breakdown strength (Eb) was prepared by introducing wide‐bandgap aluminum oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO@Al2O3) into poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐CTFE)). Consequently, a superior energy storage density (Ue = 3.6 J cm−3) of rGO@Al2O3/P(VDF‐CTFE) was obtained with only 0.1 wt% loading of rGO@Al2O3, being 133%, 947% higher than those of neat P(VDF‐CTFE) and 0.1 wt% rGO/P(VDF‐CTFE), respectively. These enhancements can be ascribed to the presence of core‐shell like rGO@Al2O3, where rGO effectively promotes surface polarization of composites, while Al2O3 as a barrier provides deep traps and prevents the physical contact of rGO nanosheets, thus inhibiting local field concentration and limiting charge carrier transition.Highlights
Wide‐bandgap Al2O3 decorated rGO was introduced into P(VDF‐CTFE).
The presence of Al2O3 hinders charge carrier leakage of the composites.
rGO@Al2O3 increases the permittivity by forming plenty of micro‐capacitors.
An improved energy storage density and efficiency are simultaneously achieved.
Fatigue life and crack growth rate of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite at elevated temperature environment: An experimental study
Authors: Raj Lokesh , Pathak Himanshu , Zafar Sunny , Gupta Amit 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study focuses on a plane‐weaved bidirectional (0°/90°) carbon/epoxy composite, known for its excellent mechanical properties. The composite was manufactured using a vacuum bagging resin infusion microwave curing process, incorporating carbon fiber as the reinforcement material and a thermosetting epoxy with a hardener as the binding material. Mechanical, fracture and fatigue crack growth characteristic of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites were experimentally evaluated under elevated temperature environment. Fatigue life cycles were calculated at ambient and elevated temperatures by varying stress ratio values (R = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) using a dynamic universal testing machine. The Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on four‐layer composite laminate in different thermal environments at a constant stress ratio of 0.1. The study establishes relationships between stress and the number of cycles at different UTS percentages and stress ratios. The effect of environmental temperature on crack growth rate was investigated to predict fatigue Paris parameters and the value of Paris constant C and slope m were evaluated. Mechanical properties, fatigue life cycle, and fatigue crack growth of the composites exhibit variations across different temperature ranges. Post‐failure microstructural characterization techniques were applied to observe the failure patterns, fiber pull‐out and matrix cracking at different scales in composite specimen at different temperature ranges. The presented studies provide insights into the performance and durability of CFRPCs under varying thermal conditions, for aerospace applications.
Non‐Thermal Plasmas for Flue Gas Pollutants (Nitrogen Oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds, Elemental Mercury, and Sulfur Dioxide) Abatement
Authors: Okonkwo Camillus Uchenna , Xiujin Zhang , Jianbo Guo , Liyuan Liu , Qinzhong Feng , Yang Chen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA substantial amount of flue gas pollutants (nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, elemental mercury, and sulfur dioxide) are produced as human industrial activities increases. This article critically reviews the applications of non‐thermal plasma (NTP) technology and catalysts for the abatement of different flue gas pollutants. In addition to evaluating the effect of the combined application of non‐thermal plasma and catalysts, this study also delves into the cost‐effectiveness analysis of the catalysts, thereby providing a comprehensive solution and provides guidance for future practical applications. Furthermore, the limitations and future applications of non‐thermal plasma technology are also examined in this review, which provide recommendations for future research directions.
Precise Fabrication of Elongated Janus Microparticles
Authors: Puttaraksa Nitipon , Sada Shuichi , Kosumsupamala Kunpisit , Seki Hironori , Whitlow Harry J. , Nishikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractJanus particles that have regions with different properties (e.g., a metal and a polymer) are of great interest for extensive technological aspects such as material and environmental sciences, surface and functional chemistry, drug delivery, biomedicals, and micro/nanomotors. Numerous techniques, including masking, phase separation, and self‐assembly, have been presented in Janus particle fabrication. Nonetheless, a method for precise fabrication is challenging and necessary to control the properties of Janus particles accurately. Here, truncated‐cone elongated Janus microparticles with one surface of epoxy‐based negative photoresist (SU‐8) microparticles deposited with gold are fabricated. The microparticles in SU‐8 are produced by micropatterning with height to width design aspect ratios of 1, 2, 5, and 10 using a proton beam writing. Gold coating on the surface of SU‐8 microparticles is subsequently performed using a magnetron sputtering technique. Experimental results showed that the design aspect ratio had to exceed 2 for coating the side surfaces. These Janus microparticles can be produced with uniform sizes, shapes, and coating thickness. This method for fabricating well‐defined Janus microparticles can be adapted to many applications, particularly as metal‐polymer particles for microplastic research.
Spectral Evidence for the Interaction during Condensation of Dye Molecules on Gold Nanoparticles in Vacuum
Authors: Grytsenko Kostyantyn , Doroshenko Tamara , Kolomzarov Yuriy , Lytvyn Peter , Pekur Demyd , Kukla Oleksandr , Lebedyeva Iryna , Vashchilina Elena 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAsymmetric sulfur‐terminated compounds (STC) and allyl‐terminated compound 2‐(4‐butoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐dimethylcyclo‐hepta[c]pyrrole‐6(2H)‐thione (ATC) dyes are deposited by evaporation in vacuum (PVD) on glass and gold (Au) substrates. Au is deposited by PVD on a rotating glass disk as a thin layer of nanoparticles (NPs), which exhibited a plasmon band at 600 nm. The influence of the dye chemical structure and the substrate with and without gold NPs on the optical properties of the system is studied using in situ optical spectroscopy. A significant difference in the evolution of transmission spectra and morphology of the same dye deposit; however, deposited on glass and Au surfaces is investigated. At the beginning of condensation, molecules of several dyes on the Au surface cause a redshift of the plasmon band. Increasing the number of condensed molecules results in new weak absorption bands in the near infrared region and a redshift of the strong absorption bands corresponding to the absorption of dyes molecules.
Least Squares Support Vector Machines With Variable Selection and Hyperparameter Optimization for Complex Structures Reliability Assessment
Authors: Dong Xiaowei , Zhang Hao , Li ZhenAo , Zhu Chunyan , Yi Shujuan , Chen Changhai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFor effectively estimating the reliability of complex structures, a least squares support vector machine with variable selection and hyperparameter optimization (SVMSO, short for) is proposed based on local linear embedding with Pearson coefficient and location density with particle swarm optimization (LDPSO) algorithm. In this proposed method, the local linear embedding with Pearson coefficient is used to select the variables that have a strong correlation with output responses, which are embedded in relatively low‐dimensional space to avoid the negative influence of high‐dimensional input parameters. The optimal hyperparameters of least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) are obtained by applying the LDPSO to improve the accuracy of LSSVM affected by the hyperparameters. Taking civil aircraft turbine blisk as a study case, the effectiveness and applicability of SVMSO are verified in aspects of modeling quality and simulation characteristics, by comparing direct simulation, support vector machine, and LSSVM. The case results and conclusions represent that the proposed method has good precision and efficiency under a high‐dimensional data scale, and is suitable for reliability analysis of complex structures.
The Reciprocal Relation Between Vocabulary Knowledge and Compound Structure Awareness and Their Contributions to Reading Comprehension in Chinese Children: A Longitudinal Study From Grades 3 to 6
Authors: Cheng Yahua , Li Yixun , Zhang Wenjian , Jia Kaiyue 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrevious studies uncover that vocabulary knowledge may be related to compound structure awareness (the awareness of relational structure embedded in compound words), and they both contribute to reading comprehension. Yet, limited studies have examined the dynamic relationship between vocabulary knowledge and compound structure awareness, or their joint contributions (including growth rates) to reading comprehension. Our study aimed to fill this gap in Chinese, an ideal target language with complex grammatical structures of compound words. We followed 125 native Mandarin‐Chinese‐speaking children in Mainland China from Grades 3 to 6, with one testing point in the fall of each grade and a total of four testing times. These children's vocabulary, compound structure awareness, and text reading comprehension were measured as three key variables, and their Chinese character reading, word reading fluency, and compounding awareness were measured as three control variables in model analyses; all materials were adopted from previous research and were highly reliable and valid. We fitted the latent growth models and found that children's initial vocabulary in Grade 3 significantly predicted their compound structure awareness growth over Grades 3 to 6, and then predicted reading comprehension in Grade 6. However, such results were not evident the other way around. Importantly, initial vocabulary knowledge and compound structure awareness in Grade 3 and their growth rates from Grades 3 to 6 contributed to reading comprehension skills in Grade 6. Our findings demonstrate the necessity of considering vocabulary knowledge and compound structure awareness jointly and longitudinally to support early reading development.
Development of Steroidal Spiro‐Heterocycles Through One‐Step Cyclocondensation, Their Evaluation as Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Ahuja‐Casarín Ana I. , Cortes‐Percino Alejandra , González‐Bakker Aday , Puerta Adrián , Merino‐Montiel Penélope , Vega‐Baez José Luis , Melendez Francisco J. , Castro María Eugenia , López Óscar , Padrón José M. , Montiel‐Smith Sara 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNew conformationally‐restricted steroids were synthesized by incorporating a spiranic heterocyclic motif at the C‐17 position, using trans‐androsterone, trans‐dehydroandrosterone, and estrone as starting materials. A cyclocondensation process with o‐disubstituted aromatic bis‐nucleophiles enabled the modification of the structure. In silico calculations were employed to predict the diastereoselectivity and the assignment of the new chiral center stereochemistry. Spiranic derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity against six human tumor cell lines, with benzoxazolines showing the highest activity. Derivatives of estrone exhibited greater potency than those of androsterone, being up to 50‐fold more active than abiraterone, a steroidal anticancer drug. Live cell imaging of the lead compound combining estrone and a benzimidazoline residue revealed apoptotic events such as membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and cell shrinkage, suggesting potential utility for therapeutic applications.
Enriching Oxidation Sites‐Based Facets in Lead Chromate to Boost Photoelectrochemical Sensing Response
Authors: Liu Shiben , Zhan Jinhua , Cai Bin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA key issue in photoelectrochemical applications is the modification of the behavior of photogenerated charge barriers. An effective strategy to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of semiconductor materials is to use the facet effect to promote spatial charge separation. In this work, three different morphologies of lead chromate (PbCrO4) crystals are prepared by a simple hydrothermal method that used ammonium fluoride as the structure‐directing agents. Spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes is clearly demonstrated in the (012), (020), and (200) facets of PbCrO4 crystals. In situ photo‐deposition experiments reveal that the oxidation and reduction sites are distributed on the anisotropic (012) and (020)/(200) facets of all the PbCrO4 crystals. PbCrO4 synthesized with a high Pb2+/F− ratio with maximum exposure of (012) facet has remarkably better performance in photoelectrochemical detection of ascorbic acid compared with PbCrO4 synthesized either without ammonium fluoride or with a low Pb2+/F− ratio. The photoelectrochemical detection performance correlates well with the surface photovoltage difference between the anisotropic facets. The study provides fundamental understanding of the facet‐dependent activity of PbCrO4 crystals, which will be beneficial for advancing understanding of spatial charge separation in semiconductor‐based photoelectrochemical applications.