bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis of aged chars obtained by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation of manure wastes
Authors: Cárdenas-Aguiar E. , Méndez A. , Paz-Ferreiro J. , Sohi S. P. , Gascó Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiochar is being explored for the improvement of contaminated land as well as quality of soils in agricultural use. Most studies are conducted in the laboratory or involved only short-term field experiments. There remains considerable uncertainty about the long-term implications of biochar use, as a consequence of changes that arise during their ageing within soil. This work assessed the effects of chemical ageing (5% vol H2O2) on different properties of biochars and hydrochars prepared from two types of animal waste (rabbit and pig manure). Four biochars were prepared from pyrolysis of rabbit manure (pyrolysis temperature: 300 and 600 °C) and pig manure (300 and 450 °C) and two hydrochars from each manure by hydrothermal carbonisation at temperatures of 200 and 220 °C. The pristine and aged chars were compared according to the elemental composition and thermogravimetric analysis being also calculated the thermostability index and carbon stability in the ageing process. Results showed that chars prepared at lower temperatures were more sensitive to ageing. Only biochar obtained by pyrolysis at 600 °C showed a high level of resistance to ageing, reflecting the higher stability of the underlying carbon structure.
A Comparison of Presolar Isotopic Signatures in Laboratory-Studied Primitive Solar System Materials and Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: New Insights from Light Elements, Halogens, and Noble Gases
Authors: Hoppe Peter , Rubin Martin , Altwegg Kathrin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComets are considered the most primitive planetary bodies in our Solar System. ESA’s Rosetta mission to Jupiter family comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG) has provided a wealth of isotope data which expanded the existing data sets on isotopic compositions of comets considerably. In a previous paper (Hoppe et al. in Space Sci. Rev. 214:106, 2018) we reviewed the results for comet 67P/CG from the first four years of data reduction after arrival of Rosetta at the comet in August 2014 and discussed them in the context of respective meteorite data. Since then important new isotope data of several elements, among them the biogenic elements H, C, N, and O, for comet 67P/CG, the Tagish Lake meteorite, and C-type asteroid Ryugu became available which provide new insights into the formation conditions of small planetary bodies in the Solar System’s earliest history. To complement the picture on comet 67P/CG and its context to other primitive Solar System materials, especially meteorites, that emerged from our previous paper, we review here the isotopic compositions of H, C, and N in various volatile molecules, of O in water and a suite of other molecules, of the halogens Cl and Br, and of the noble gas Kr in comet 67P/CG. Furthermore, we also review the H isotope data obtained in the refractory organics of the dust grains collected in the coma of 67P/CG. These data are compared with the respective meteoritic and Ryugu data and spectroscopic observations of other comets and extra-solar environments; Cl, Br, and Kr data are also evaluated in the context of a potential late supernova contribution, as suggested by the Si- and S-isotopic data of 67P/CG.
A Robot-Assisted Microscopy System for Digital Image Correlation in Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
Authors: Paysan F. , Dietrich E. , Breitbarth E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Digital image correlation (DIC) with microscopes has become an important experimental tool in fracture mechanics to study local effects such as the plastic zone, crack closure, crack deflection or crack branching. High-resolution light microscopes provide 2D images but the field of view is limited to a small area and very sensitive to its alignment. A flexible positioning system is therefore needed to collect such DIC data during the entire fatigue crack growth process.

Objective
We present in our paper a new experimental setup for local high-resolution 2D DIC measurements at any location and at any time during fatigue crack growth experiments with a non-fixed DIC microscopy system.

Methods
We use a robot to move the 2D DIC microscope to any location on the surface of the specimen. Optical and tactile methods automatically adjust the system and ensure highest image quality as well as accurate alignment. In addition, an advanced repositioning method reduces out-of-plane motion effects.

Results
The robot is able to achieve a repositioning accuracy of less than 0.06 mm in vector space, resulting in very low Von Mises strain scattering of 0.07 to 0.09% in the DIC evaluation. The system minimizes systematic errors caused by translation and rotational deviations. Effects such as crack deflection, crack branching or the plastic zone of a fatigue crack can be investigated with a field of view of 10.2 x 6.4 mm2.

Conclusions
The robot supported DIC system generates up to 8000 high-quality DIC images in an experiment that enables the application of digital evaluation algorithms. Redundant information create confidence in the results as all revealed effects are comprehensible. This increases the information content of a single fatigue crack growth test and accelerates knowledge generation.
Meteorological influences on co-occurrence of O3 and PM2.5 pollution and implication for emission reductions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
Authors: Ma Xiaoqing , Yin Zhicong , Cao Bufan , Wang Huijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCo-occurrence of surface ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution (CP) was frequently observed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH). More than 50% of CP days occurred during April–May in BTH, and the CP days reached up to 11 in two months of 2018. The PM2.5 or O3 concentration associated with CP was lower than but close to that in O3 and PM2.5 pollution, indicating compound harms during CP days with double-high concentrations of PM2.5 and O3. CP days were significantly facilitated by joint effects of the Rossby wave train that consisted of two centers associated with the Scandinavia pattern and one center over North China as well as a hot, wet, and stagnant environmental condition in BTH. After 2018, the number of CP days decreased sharply while the meteorological conditions did not change significantly. Therefore, changes in meteorological conditions did not really contribute to the decline of CP days in 2019 and 2020. This implies that the reduction of PM2.5 emission has resulted in a reduction of CP days (about 11 days in 2019 and 2020). The differences in atmospheric conditions revealed here were helpful to forecast the types of air pollution on a daily to weekly time scale. The reduction in PM2.5 emission was the main driving factor behind the absence of CP days in 2020, but the control of surface O3 must be stricter and deeper.
A robust motion correction technique for infrared thermography during awake craniotomy
Authors: Iorga Michael , Tate Matthew C. , Parrish Todd B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Intraoperative infrared thermography is an emerging technique for image-guided neurosurgery, whereby physiological and pathological processes result in temperature changes over space and time. However, motion during data collection leads to downstream artifacts in thermography analyses. We develop a fast, robust technique for motion estimation and correction as a preprocessing step for brain surface thermography recordings.

Methods
A motion correction technique for thermography was developed which approximates the deformation field associated with motion as a grid of two-dimensional bilinear splines (Bispline registration), and a regularization function was designed to constrain motion to biomechanically feasible solutions. The performance of the proposed Bispline registration technique was compared to phase correlation, a band-stop filter, demons registration, and the Horn–Schunck and Lucas–Kanade optical flow techniques.

Results
All methods were analyzed using thermography data from ten patients undergoing awake craniotomy for brain tumor resection, and performance was compared using image quality metrics. The proposed method had the lowest mean-squared error and the highest peak-signal-to-noise ratio of all methods tested and performed slightly worse than phase correlation and Demons registration on the structural similarity index metric (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Band-stop filtering and the Lucas–Kanade method were not strong attenuators of motion, while the Horn–Schunck method was well-performing initially but weakened over time.

Conclusion
Bispline registration had the most consistently strong performance out of all the techniques tested. It is relatively fast for a nonrigid motion correction technique, capable of processing ten frames per second, and could be a viable option for real-time use. Constraining the deformation cost function through regularization and interpolation appears sufficient for fast, monomodal motion correction of thermal data during awake craniotomy.
Development of PROMETHEE-Entropy data mining model for groundwater potentiality modeling: a case study of multifaceted geologic settings in south-western Nigeria
Authors: Mogaji Kehinde Anthony , Atenidegbe Olanrewaju Fred 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work looks at developing an object-driven decision support system (DSS) model with the goal of improving the prediction accuracy of the present expert-driven DSS model in assessing groundwater potentiality. The database of remote sensing, geological, and geophysical information was constructed using the technological efficiency of GIS, data mining, and programming tools. Groundwater potential conditioning factors (GPCF) extracted from the datasets include lithology (Li), hydraulic conductivity (K), lineament density (Ld), transmissivity (T), and transverse resistance (TR) for groundwater potentiality mapping in a typical hard rock multifaceted geologic setting in south-western Nigeria. A Python-based entropy approach was used to objectively weight these factors. The weightage findings determined that the greatest and lowest given values for Ld andKwere 0.6 and 0.03, respectively. The produced Python-based PROMETHEE-Entropy model algorithm was born through combining the weight findings with the Python-based PROMETHEE-II method. The groundwater potentiality model (GPM) map of the area was created using the model algorithm's outputs on the gridded raster of GPCF themes. Based on the suggested approach, the validated results of the created GPM maps using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve technique yielded an accuracy of 86%. An object-driven DSS model was created using the approaches that were used. The created object-driven model is a viable alternative to existing approaches in groundwater hydrology and aids in the automation of groundwater resource management in the research region.
Probing Sulfur Vacancies in CVD-Grown Monolayer MoS2 on SiO2/Si in the Temperature Range 750–900°C
Authors: Tomar Rupika , Hsu Bo , Perez Alejandro , Stroscio Michael , Dutta Mitra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work reports morphologically alike, high-quality monolayer MoS2 flakes with a similar strain at various growth temperatures (750–900°C) achieved by adjusting sulfur temperature. The growth dynamics of MoS2 are correlated with changes in the photoluminescence (PL) and Raman peak positions. Monolayer MoS2 crystals are synthesized at different growth temperatures from 750°C to 900°C using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We examined the structural quality and aimed to extract the recombination mechanisms in MoS2 using low-temperature, variable, and low-laser-intensity PL measurements. Our studies of the defect-associated bound exciton emission are well correlated with the blueshift in the A1g mode of Raman spectra, blueshift in PL spectra, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results for crystal grown at 900°C. Our research findings not only shed light on a thorough, non-intrusive method for modifying growth parameters to enhance optical performance, but they also suggest a way to modify the optical characteristics of MoS2 while maintaining the morphology.
It’s About the Power of Little People’: the UK Community Sponsorship Scheme, a New Space for Solidarity, Civic Engagement and Activism
Authors: Reyes-Soto Marisol 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Community Sponsorship Scheme (CSS) was introduced in 2016 by the UK Government to enable members of civil society to be directly involved in helping refugees settle in the UK. The CSS is intense and time-consuming, and a lot of effort is directed at helping one family to rebuild their lives in safety. Since the introduction of the scheme, nearly 1000 refugees have been resettled across the UK. The data used in this paper was collected as part of a three-year study intended to provide an independent formative evaluation of the CSS. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 145 volunteers and 33 individuals from the wider community at five locations where refugees have been placed, this article examines how acts of solidarity, community networks and civic engagement have mobilised ordinary citizens who advocate in favour of the refugee cause. The findings support the argument that motivations to volunteer are both altruistic and egocentric, predominantly delivered by older female volunteers. The article demonstrates that volunteers involved in the CSS have played a fundamental role in bridging social capital with wider members of the host communities. It concludes that the CSS is an innovative model of refugee resettlement that is breeding a new type of volunteering that empowers British civil society.
Video Games as Mythology Museums? Mythographical Story Collections in Games
Authors: Vandewalle Alexander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe growing field of historical game studies (which studies the intersection of history and video games) has often described video games with historical settings as virtual museums, based on their potential to allow players to move through a historical game space and/or interact with historical artefacts. The present article investigates how these insights may be applied to mythological video games (i.e. those that represent and simulate a storyworld known from or inspired by mythological traditions). Specifically, this article argues (1) that through the collection, combination, and presentation of different myths, mythological video games often exhibit characteristics similar to ancient and modern mythography, (2) that on the basis of these mythographical qualities, they may be considered as interactive mythology museums, and (3) that the incorporation of these features has potential for applications in education. As case studies, this article considers the popular games Age of Mythology, Smite, Immortals Fenyx Rising, God of War (and its sequel, God of War: Ragnarök), Apotheon, and Hades in light of their mythographical and museal properties. Finally, several future directions to further improve upon the educational potential of these games for both formal and informal learning are suggested.
Positive and negative effects of collaboration on suggestibility and false memory in online groups
Authors: Rossi-Arnaud Clelia , Spataro Pietro , Santirocchi Alessandro , Pesola Maria Chiara , Costantini Laura , Cestari Vincenzo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated the positive and negative effects of collaboration on memory (both veridical and false recall) and suggestibility in face-to-face contexts. However, it remains unclear whether the same results can be observed in a virtual context. To clarify this issue, the present study examined the performance of 10 nominal triads and 10 collaborative triads in a fully online setting. Participants interacted live, in videoconference and were tested with the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS) and the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task. For the GSS, the results replicated the in-person pattern of results, with collaborative triads showing the standard inhibition effect in the immediate and delayed (after 24 h) recall tasks; in addition, collaborative triads were less suggestible than nominal triads. For the DRM, we likewise found that collaboration decreased the recall and recognition of both studied items (the standard inhibitory effect) and critical lures (the error-pruning effect). We therefore conclude that remembering in a virtual context exhibits the same general properties as its in-person counterpart, at least when using a videoconference setting.
On integral points of some Fano threefolds and their Hilbert schemes of lines and conics
Authors: Corvaja Pietro , Zucconi Francesco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe prove some density results for integral points on affine open sets of Fano threefolds. For instance, let$$X^o=\mathbb P^3{\setminus } D$$Xo=P3\DwhereDis the union of two quadrics such that their intersection contains a smooth conic, or the union of a smooth quadric surface and two planes, or the union of a smooth cubic surfaceVand a plane$$\Pi $$Πsuch that the intersection$$V\cap \Pi $$V∩Πcontains a line. In all these cases we show that the set of integral points of$$X^o$$Xois potentially dense. We apply the above results to prove that integral points are potentially dense in some log-Fano or in some log-Calabi-Yau threefold.
Advances and Applications of Brain Organoids
Authors: Li Yang , Zeng Peng-Ming , Wu Jian , Luo Zhen-Ge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the fundamental processes of human brain development and diseases is of great importance for our health. However, existing research models such as non-human primate and mouse models remain limited due to their developmental discrepancies compared with humans. Over the past years, an emerging model, the “brain organoid” integrated from human pluripotent stem cells, has been developed to mimic developmental processes of the human brain and disease-associated phenotypes to some extent, making it possible to better understand the complex structures and functions of the human brain. In this review, we summarize recent advances in brain organoid technologies and their applications in brain development and diseases, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, psychiatric diseases, and brain tumors. Finally, we also discuss current limitations and the potential of brain organoids.
Exploring Patients’ Perceptions About Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Treatment: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Meuleman Yvette , van der Bent Yvonne , Gentenaar Leandra , Caskey Fergus J. , Bart Hans AJ. , Konijn Wanda S. , Bos Willem Jan W. , Hemmelder Marc H. , Dekker Friedo W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Unhelpful illness perceptions can be changed by means of interventions and can lead to improved outcomes. However, little is known about illness perceptions in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) prior to kidney failure, and no tools exist in nephrology care to identify and support patients with unhelpful illness perceptions. Therefore, this study aims to: (1) identify meaningful and modifiable illness perceptions in patients with CKD prior to kidney failure; and (2) explore needs and requirements for identifying and supporting patients with unhelpful illness perceptions in nephrology care from patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives.

Methods
Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposive heterogeneous samples of Dutch patients with CKD (n = 17) and professionals (n = 10). Transcripts were analysed using a hybrid inductive and deductive approach: identified themes from the thematic analysis were hereafter organized according to Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation principles.

Results
Illness perceptions considered most meaningful are related to the seriousness (illness identity, consequences, emotional response and illness concern) and manageability (illness coherence, personal control and treatment control) of CKD. Over time, patients developed more unhelpful seriousness-related illness perceptions and more helpful manageability-related illness perceptions, caused by: CKD diagnosis, disease progression, healthcare support and approaching kidney replacement therapy. Implementing tools to identify and discuss patients’ illness perceptions was considered important, after which support for patients with unhelpful illness perceptions should be offered. Special attention should be paid towards structurally embedding psychosocial educational support for patients and caregivers to deal with CKD-related symptoms, consequences, emotions and concerns about the future.

Conclusions
Several meaningful and modifiable illness perceptions do not change for the better by means of nephrology care. This underlines the need to identify and openly discuss illness perceptions and to support patients with unhelpful illness perceptions. Future studies should investigate whether implementing illness perception-based tools will indeed improve outcomes in CKD.
Management of medical equipment in the Brazilian public health system (SUS), historical situation and the context of the pandemic COVID-19: a cut for lung ventilators
Authors: Toscas Fotini Santos , Dias Eduardo Mario , Dias Maria Lídia , Santos Thiago Rodrigues , Oliveira Eduardo Jorge Valadares 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) efforts in the management of medical equipment, with a specific approach for lung ventilators in the pandemic scenario of COVID-19.

Methods
The methodology included a review of the normative framework and literature on technological management and research on the database of the Ministry of Health.

Results
As a promoter for acquiring medical equipment, the MoH role is highlighted and added to this competence; its function as the coordinator of the National Policy on Health Technology Management (PNGTS). According to the PNGTS the MoH has to support health managers in the implementing, monitoring, and maintaining health technologies. The scenario of lung ventilators in the pandemic was discussed, with research to verify demands, offers, installed capacity, and investments. In less than one year, the Ministry of Health acquired several pulmonary ventilators, 8.55 times greater than the annual averages of equipment acquired from 2016 to 2019. So far, there is still no maintenance plans or strategy of management for that equipment, especially in a post-pandemic scenario. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that the Ministry of Health needs to improve health technology management systems. On the scale of the Policy, it is necessary to commit to permanent and long-term actions to ensure sustainability and reduce the technological vulnerabilities of the SUS.