bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a population-based Kalman estimator to model the COVID-19 epidemic in France: estimating associations between disease transmission and non-pharmaceutical interventions
Authors: Collin Annabelle , Hejblum Boris P. , Vignals Carole , Lehot Laurent , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Moireau Philippe , Prague Mélanie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, governments have adopted a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). These include stringent measures such as strict lockdowns, closing schools, bars and restaurants, curfews, and barrier gestures such as mask-wearing and social distancing. Deciphering the effectiveness of each NPI is critical to responding to future waves and outbreaks. To this end, we first develop a dynamic model of the French COVID-19 epidemics over a one-year period. We rely on a global extended Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) mechanistic model of infection that includes a dynamic transmission rate over time. Multilevel data across French regions are integrated using random effects on the parameters of the mechanistic model, boosting statistical power by multiplying integrated observation series. We estimate the parameters using a new population-based statistical approach based on a Kalman filter, used for the first time in analysing real-world data. We then fit the estimated time-varying transmission rate using a regression model that depends on the NPIs while accounting for vaccination coverage, the occurrence of variants of concern (VoC), and seasonal weather conditions. We show that all NPIs considered have an independent significant association with transmission rates. In addition, we show a strong association between weather conditions that reduces transmission in summer, and we also estimate increased transmissibility of VoC.
A systematic review of videoconferencing in health professions education: the digital divide revisited in the COVID-19 era
Authors: De Gagne Jennie C. , Koppel Paula D. , Wang Emily J. , Rushton Sharron , Ledbetter Leila , Yamane Sandra S. , Lee Eunhee , Manturuk Kimberly , Jung Dukyoo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
During the COVID-19 pandemic, educators shifted from traditional lectures to videoconferencing. This systematic review explored the use of videoconferencing as a teaching tool in response to the pandemic as well as issues related to digital equity and inclusion.

Content
The review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute for Systematic Reviews methodology and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement.

Summary
A total of nine studies met eligibility criteria. The participants in the included studies were medical students from various parts of the world. Technical difficulties and lack of human interactions were identified as barriers to learning through videoconferencing.

Outlook
To achieve full success, pedagogical videoconferencing must prioritize digital equity and a universal design for learning. Although useful for maintaining education during the pandemic, in the future, videoconferencing will present challenges related to the digital divide as well as opportunities as a teaching tool for nurse educators globally.
The Onsager–Machlup theory of fluctuations and time-dependent generalized normal distribution
Authors: Serdyukov Sergey I. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Generalization of the variational formulation of the Onsager–Machlup thermodynamic theory of fluctuation is considered. Within the framework of variational theory, we introduce the time-dependent generalized normal distribution and Hamilton–Jacobi equation. The family of higher-order partial differential equations, which generalize classical Fokker–Planck equation, is considered. It is shown that proposed theory can be used for describing anomalous diffusion.
Canonical phonology and criterial conflicts: relating and resolving four dilemmas of phonological typology
Authors: Round Erich R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTypologists strive to compare like with like, but four dilemmas make this challenging in phonology: (1) the non-uniqueness of phonological analysis; and the existence of (2) multiple levels of analysis; (3) multiple theories of phonology; and (4) analytical interdependencies between phonological phenomena. Here I argue that the four dilemmas can be coherently related, and then addressed together. I introduce the concept of criterial conflicts, derived from notions in canonical typology. Criterial conflicts arise in the presence of an unexpected pairing of properties that pulls an analysis in two directions. This contradictory pull and its resolution in different directions leads by various paths to the four dilemmas. Concrete strategies are then discussed for countering the common, underlying problem. I observe that criterial conflicts are well handled by factorial analysis (i.e., multiple normalization) and multivariate analysis, but not by simple normalization. Illustrative examples are taken from the canonical typology of segments.
Effect of diffusion bonding time on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel joints
Authors: Negemiya Arun , Selvarajan Rajakumar , Sonar Tushar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this investigation is to study the effect of diffusion bonding time on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel joints. The dissimilar joints of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and AISI 304 steel were developed using the different levels of bonding time (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min) in a vacuum chamber at a bonding temperature of 900 °C and compressive pressure of 14 MPa. The microstructure of joints was analyzed using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis of joint interface was studied using the SEM energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The evolution of intermetallic compounds at the joint interface was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ram tensile tests and lap shear tests were performed to assess the bonding strength and lap shear strength of dissimilar joints. Results showed that the dissimilar joints of Ti6Al4V alloy–AISI 304 steel developed using the diffusion bonding time of 75 min showed higher lap shear strength of 151 MPa and bonding strength of 244 MPa due to the better coalescence of the joining surfaces and evolution of optimum width of diffusion region having minimum embrittlement effects.
Fracture characteristics of various concrete composites containing polypropylene fibers through five fracture mechanics methods
Authors: Hosseini Mehrab Alireza , Amirfakhrian Seyedmahdi , Esfahani M. Reza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates and compares the experimental results of fracture characteristics in various polypropylene fiber-reinforced concretes (high strength concrete, lightweight concrete, and engineered cementitious composite) on 90 three-point bend (notched and un-notched) beams. Five widely used fracture mechanics testing methods, such as work of fracture method, stress-displacement curve method, size effect method, J integral method, and ASTM E399, were used to investigate the fracture behavior. Results have demonstrated that fracture energy and fracture toughness improved as the dosage of polypropylene fibers increased in concretes. However, this improvement was different in concretes owing to various results of fracture mechanics testing methods and different properties of each concrete. Aggregates played significant role in the performance of polypropylene fibers on the fracture behavior of concretes. Among testing methods, the ASTM E399 showed the lowest values for the fracture toughness of concretes. Both work of fracture and stress-displacement curve methods exhibited appropriate results for the fracture energy of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete composites. The accuracy of size effect method was acceptable for determining size-independent fracture parameters of plain high strength and lightweight concretes. Furthermore, the J integral method showed more relevant results for the fracture toughness of polypropylene fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composite.
Deformation mechanism of AZ91 alloy during compression at different temperatures
Authors: Wang Dongxiao , Lin Baosen , Jing Yi , Zhu Qiangqiang , Li Jianping , Misra R. Devesh K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, two AZ91 samples were produced by compression at 200 °C and 350 °C, respectively. The microstructure of the samples and their effect on deformation were studied. The results show that the deformation mechanism is slipping, twinning and shear banding at low temperature due to the low compression temperature. The stacking fault energy of alloy can be increased by the increase of adiabatic temperature, the dislocations gather at the shear band, resulting in the increase of hardness, which is not conducive to deformation. At high temperature, there were a large number of fine second phases precipitated at the shear bands. This second phase provides nucleation site for recrystallization, and dislocation energy storage in the shear band provides energy for recrystallization, resulting in recrystallization nucleation and growth at the shear bands. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization weakened texture intensity.
Fatigue performances of helicopter gears
Authors: Kalay Onur Can , Yuce Celalettin , Doğan Oğuz , Yılmaz Tufan Gürkan , Karpat Esin , Kopmaz Osman , Karpat Fatih 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gears are widely used machine elements to transmit power and motion in the industry. During the power transmission, the gears are subjected to cyclic loads. Thus the fatigue resistance of the gears should be deeply investigated. In particular, this issue is gaining much more importance in the space and aviation fields. In this study, the fatigue life of gears made of 9310-VIM-VAR steel used in the aviation field was determined experimentally, and the crack propagation paths obtained were numerically verified. To this end, the SAE J1619 standard single-tooth bending fatigue test apparatus was redesigned and manufactured in order to adapt it to the helicopter gears. Totally 28 single-tooth bending fatigue tests were carried out for various loading conditions. Accordingly, the S–N curves for the helicopter gears were created. The experimental results were verified by the finite element fatigue crack propagation analysis in terms of the initial crack location, crack initialization angle, and crack propagation paths. Conducted experiments and numerical studies are found as compatible with each other.
From 3D to 2D and back again
Authors: Dinc Niyazi Ulas , Saba Amirhossein , Madrid-Wolff Jorge , Gigli Carlo , Boniface Antoine , Moser Christophe , Psaltis Demetri 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The prospect of massive parallelism of optics enabling fast and low energy cost operations is attracting interest for novel photonic circuits where 3-dimensional (3D) implementations have a high potential for scalability. Since the technology for data input–output channels is 2-dimensional (2D), there is an unavoidable need to take 2D-nD transformations into account. Similarly, the 3D-2D and its reverse transformations are also tackled in a variety of fields such as optical tomography, additive manufacturing, and 3D optical memories. Here, we review how these 3D-2D transformations are tackled using iterative techniques and neural networks. This high-level comparison across different, yet related fields could yield a useful perspective for 3D optical design.
Power monitoring in a feedforward photonic network using two output detectors
Authors: Pai Sunil , Valdez Carson , Park Taewon , Milanizadeh Maziyar , Morichetti Francesco , Melloni Andrea , Fan Shanhui , Solgaard Olav , Miller David A. B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Programmable feedforward photonic meshes of Mach–Zehnder interferometers are computational optical circuits that have many classical and quantum computing applications including machine learning, sensing, and telecommunications. Such devices can form the basis of energy-efficient photonic neural networks, which solve complex tasks using photonics-accelerated matrix multiplication on a chip, and which may require calibration and training mechanisms. Such training can benefit from internal optical power monitoring and physical gradient measurement for optimizing controllable phase shifts to maximize some task merit function. Here, we design and experimentally verify a new architecture capable of power monitoring any waveguide segment in a feedforward photonic circuit. Our scheme is experimentally realized by modulating phase shifters in a 6 × 6 triangular mesh silicon photonic chip, which can non-invasively (i.e., without any internal “power taps”) resolve optical powers in a 3 × 3 triangular mesh based on response measurements in only two output detectors. We measure roughly 3% average error over 1000 trials in the presence of systematic manufacturing and environmental drift errors and verify scalability of our procedure to more modes via simulation.
Shear bond and compressive strength of clay stabilised with lime/cement jet grouting and deep mixing: A case of Norvik, Nynäshamn
Authors: Lindh Per , Lemenkova Polina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The strength of soil can significantly increase by stabilisation with binders. Adding binders in correct proportions to improve soil parameters is of paramount importance for earthworks. In this article, we presented a framework to explore strength characteristics of soil stabilised by several binders and evaluated using applied geophysical methods by estimated P-wave velocities. The core of our work is a systematic assessment of the effects on clay stabilisation from various binders on shear and compressive strength. The binders were combined from four stabilising agents: (i) CEM II/A, a Portland limestone cement; (ii) burnt lime; (iii) lime kiln dust (LKD) limited up to 50%; and (iv) cement kiln dust (CKD). Shear strength has shown a nonlinear dependence as an exponential curve with P-waves. Natural frequency analysis was modelled to simulate resonant frequencies as eigen values. Variations in strength proved that CEM II/A-M (Recipe A, 100% CEM II) has the best performance for weak soil stabilisation followed by the combinations: Recipe B (70% CEM II/A-M, 30% LKD), Recipe C with added 80% CEM II/A-M and 20% CKD, and Recipe D (70% CEM II/A-M 30% CKD). Recipe B has shown high values with maximum uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) at 13.8 MPa. The Recipe C was less effective with the highest value of UCS as 8.8 MPa. The least strength was shown in Recipe D, where UCS has maximal values of 3.7 MPa. The specimens stabilised by Recipe B demonstrated the highest P-wave velocity at 2,350 m/s, while Recipe C and Recipe D showed the highest P-wave velocity at 1,900 and 1,550 m/s. All specimens shown a gain of UCS with sharply increased P-wave speed during the 3 days of curing. The study contributes to the development of methods of soil testing in civil engineering.
Effect of polylactic acid on the micellization of SDS and CTAB: physicochemical studies on surfactants aggregation
Authors: Rehman Noor , Ul Haq Muhammad Irshad , Ullah Hidayat , Sadiq Muhammad , Abbas khan  , Mian Inam Ullah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study reports the aggregation behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) with ionic surfactants e.g. sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at different temperatures. Surface tension and conductivity techniques were used to investigate these physicochemical properties. Surface tension measurements were carried out to find out critical micelle concentration (CMC), free energy change of micellization (ΔG
m), free energy change of adsorption (ΔG
ads) and surface excess concentration (Γ). Conductivity measurements were used to determine CMC, degree of ionization (α) and degree of counter ion binding (β). The values of α and β obtained for SDS were (0.389 and 0.611 respectively), while for CTAB the values of α and β were (0.239 and 0.761 respectively). This type of electrostatic interactions is very important which can be applied in various industrial applications (e.g. pharmaceutical, industrial foaming, oil recovery etc.).
Mechanical Properties of Light-Transmitting Concrete and Its Durability Performance under the Effects of Accelerated Aging
Authors: Emanet Sinem , Arda Buyuktaskin Halet Almila 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Although concrete has been used extensively as a structural material for buildings since ancient times, light-transmitting concrete (LTC), also referred to as translucent concrete, is an innovative and attractive building material for the construction industry to enhance aesthetic and energy-saving properties. This research paper aims to investigate the mechanical properties of LTC with different optical fiber arrangements with three optical fiber ratios, respectively, 1, 1.6, and 2.4 %. The durability performance of LTC under the effects of accelerated aging is also investigated. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fibers with two arrangements were used in the concrete specimens. One of the LTC groups that had a linear optical fiber arrangement was labeled as ARlin. The other LTC group with bundle optical fiber arrangements was labeled as ARbun. The prepared concrete consisted of cement, fine aggregate, water, mineral additive, acrylic polymer, and superplasticizer. The flexural strengths of LTC with PMMA optical fibers placed longitudinally or laterally were determined. The compressive strengths of LTC specimens with different arrangements were compared. Accelerated aging effects under wetting-drying, freezing-thawing, and high temperature were applied to the ARlin group to investigate these effects on the mechanical properties of LTC. The results of the experiments indicate that the optical fiber arrangements affect the flexural strength, compressive strength, and light transmittance of LTC. The light transmittance increases with the optical fiber content. It is also seen that the flexural strengths and light transmittance of LTC specimens decrease significantly after the high-temperature effect. According to the test results, it is also concluded that LTC with 0.5-mm-diameter optical fibers in a linear arrangement can be used as a construction material under external conditions.
Neural Dynamics during Binocular Rivalry: Indications from Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Authors: Yildirim Irem , Schneider Keith A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen two sufficiently different stimuli are presented to each eye, perception alternates between them. This binocular rivalry is conceived as a competition for representation in the single stream of visual consciousness. The magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways, originating in the retina, encode disparate information, but their potentially different contributions to binocular rivalry have not been determined. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), where the M and P neurons are segregated into layers receiving input from a single eye. We had three participants (one male, two females) and used achromatic stimuli to avoid contributions from color opponent neurons that may have confounded previous studies. We observed activity in the eye-specific regions of LGN correlated with perception, with similar magnitudes during rivalry or physical stimuli alternations, also similar in the M and P regions. These results suggest that LGN activity reflects our perceptions during binocular rivalry and is not simply an artifact of color opponency. Further, perception appears to be a global phenomenon in the LGN, not just limited to a single information channel.
The STC2–PAPP-A–IGFBP4–IGF1 axis and its associations to mortality and CVD in T2D
Authors: Gude Mette Faurholdt , Hjortebjerg Rikke , Bjerre Mette , Charles Morten Haaning , Witte Daniel R , Sandbæk Annelli , Frystyk Jan 
Published: January 2023

Objective
Physiologically, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) serves to liberate bound IGF1 by enzymatic cleavage of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), IGFBP4 in particular. Clinically, PAPP-A has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) is a natural inhibitor of PAPP-A enzymatic activity, but its association with CVD is unsettled. Therefore, we examined associations between the STC2–PAPP-A–IGFBP4–IGF1 axis and all-cause mortality and CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Design
We followed 1284 participants with T2D from the ADDITION trial for 5 years.

Methods
Circulating concentrations of STC2, PAPP-A, total and intact IGFBP4 and IGF1 and -2 were measured at inclusion. End-points were all-cause mortality and a composite CVD event: death from CVD, myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularisation or amputation. Survival analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
During follow-up, 179 subjects presented with an event. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of STC2, PAPP-A, as well as intact and total IGFBP4, were associated with all-cause mortality; STC2: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.84 (1.09–3.12) (95% CI); P = 0.023, PAPP-A: HR = 2.81 (1.98–3.98); P < 0.001, intact IGFBP4: HR = 1.43 (1.11–1.85); P = 0.006 and total IGFBP4: HR = 3.06 (1.91–4.91); P < 0.001. Higher PAPP-A levels were also associated with CVD events: HR = 1.74 (1.16–2.62); P = 0.008, whereas lower IGF1 levels were associated with all-cause mortality: HR = 0.51 (0.34–0.76); P = 0.001.

Conclusions
This study supports that PAPP-A promotes CVD and increases mortality. However, STC2 is also associated with mortality. Given that STC2 inhibits the enzymatic effects of PAPP-A, we speculate that STC2 either serves to counteract harmful PAPP-A actions or possesses effects independently of the PAPP-A–IGF1 axis.

Significance statement
PAPP-A has pro-atherosclerotic effects and exerts these most likely through IGF1. IGF1 is regulated by the STC2–PAPP-A–IGFBP4–IGF1 axis, where STC2, an irreversible inhibitor of PAPP-A, has been shown to reduce the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. We examined the association of this axis to mortality and CVD in T2D. We demonstrated an association between PAPP-A and CVD. All components of the STC2–PAPP-A–IGFBP4–IGF1 axis were associated with mortality and it is novel that STC2 was associated with mortality in T2D. Our study supports that inhibition of PAPP-A may be a new approach to reducing mortality and CVD. Whether modification of STC2 could serve as potential intervention warrants further investigation.