bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of some Physicochemical Characteristics of Polluting River Water in the Cities of Kufa and Hilla
Authors: Al-Saeedy Fatima Al-Zahraa K. , Alhadrawi Hazim Aziz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pollution from industrial, household, and agricultural activity places significant strain on the world’s water supplies. Waste water has a direct influence on the environment since it is released directly into nature after being treated according to particular regulations, and so contains a wide range of bacteria and organic and inorganic substances that cause a variety of diseases and dangers. In this context, water samples from the Euphrates River were obtained in the cities of Al-Hilla and Kufa. These samples were submitted to a series of physicochemical and microbiological analyses, and the findings were compared between the two sites. Physicochemical tests revealed severe contamination of river water collected and evaluated from the two cities, demonstrating the presence of pollutants: (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5). And (TSS), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), and others. On the other hand, the bacterial isolation and identification approach enabled a direct evaluation of the bacterial diversity present in this waste water, and these analyses demonstrated the severity of the bacterial diversity in these waters.
Assessment of Water Quality Using Organic Pollution Index in Some Marshes North of Basra Province
Authors: Makki Azhar Nazal , Al-Abbawy Dunya A. H. , Hammadi Naeem S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The organic pollution index (OPI) was applied to assess the state of the organic pollution in the southern part of Eastern Hammar marsh, Al-Chebiyesh marsh, and the Euphrates and explain the role of submerged aquatic plants in reducing the level of water pollution. Water samples were collected monthly from two stations for each part (i.e., with and without submerged plants). The OPI depended on three parameters, namely, NO3, PO4, and BOD5. Results show that the highest NO3 was 6.4 mg/L in February in Al Burka, whereas the lowest value was 2.3 mg/L in August in the Euphrates station, which contains submerged plants. The highest PO4 was 0.76 mg/L in February in Al Burka, whereas the lowest value was 0.24 mg/L in August in Saleh River’s station, which contains submerged plants. The highest BOD5 was 3.63 mg/L in August in the Al Burka station, whereas the lowest value was 0.91 mg/L in February in the Euphrates station, which contains submerged plants. The index values indicate the presence of organic pollution in all stations, with discounts varying between (65.9 and 36.2), (49.9 and 35), and (40.1 and 22) in Eastern Hammar, Al-Chebiyesh, and the Euphrates, respectively. The vital role of submerged plants in the consumption of nutrients reduced the OPI annual values to (44.4, 37.8, and 25.3) compared with the values in stations without plants (54.9, 44.6, 36). The annual values varied between the Deteriorated category in the East Hammar marsh, a Poor category in Al-Chebiyesh, and the Medium category in the Euphrates, with yearly values of 49.7, 41.2, and 30.7, respectively.
Comparing Study Between Water Parameters of the Tide and Ebb Phase in Shatt Al-Arab River
Authors: Khalaf Rusl Zaid , Hussien Najah Abood , Al-Hejuje Makia M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The water (physical, chemical and biological) parameters can vary significantly due to the change of the climate conditions of water samples were collected monthly from four stations along the middle part of the Shatt al-Arab River during the tide and ebb phases from October 2021 – July 2022 to measure the change in eighteen parameters such as (Water temperature, pH, Turbidity, CO2, DO, EC, light penetration Secchi disc, water depth, TSS, total hardness, PO4, NO3, SO4, Na, Mg, Ca, K and FC)
The Use of Agricultural Residues of Vigna Peel in the Treatment of Environmental Pollution Resulting from Cadmium Ions by Adsorption Method
Authors: Al-Husseini Israa Hasan Dheyaa , Sayhood Aayad Ammar , Halboos Mohanad Hazim , Hussein Tamara Ala’a 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, vigna peel was used as a new way to get rid of Cd(II) from its aqueous solutions (VP). For this study, vigna peel (VP) was changed chemically with 25% by volume H2SO4 and ultrasonication at a frequency of 20 kHz to make a high-efficiency adsorbent. In this study, the material found was used to remove Cd(II) from the sample. The SEM and BET methods were used to figure out what the VP material was like. There were different amounts of Cd(II) (10–50 mg/L), pH (1–10), time (5–60 min), and VP dosages (50–1000 mg/50 ml). Maximum Cd(II) removal was found to be 98.6% at pH 5 with 50 mg/L of Cd(II) and 250 mg/50 ml of VP for 15 minutes. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models provided the best explanations for the equilibrium data.
Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and Soil Amendments on the Physiological Characteristics of Ranunculus Asiaticus in Saline Soils
Authors: Zaidan O. H. , Abdullatif S. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in a greenhouse at research station (A) of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Jadiriyah during the autumn season of 2020 to study the impact of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide and soil amendments (zeolite and Disper osmotic regulator) and their interactions in the physiological traits of the Ranunculus asiaticus L. grown in saline soils. The experiment was carried in a split-split block (2*5*3) according to an RCBD randomized complete block design with three replications and an average of 6 plants in the experimental unit The results showed that the growth of Ranunculus asiaticus L in saline soils caused a significant decrease in the leaf content of relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll content. While a significant increase in the leaf content of hydrogen peroxide was observed, and the increase in the electrolytic leaching of the plant is an indicator of oxidative stress. The addition of soil amendments to plants grown under salinity stress caused a significant increase in the leaf content relative to water content, membrane stability, decreased electrolytic leaching, and hydrogen peroxide content. Exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration (5 mmol l-1) had a positive effect on most of the physiological characteristics. The interaction between soil amendments and hydrogen peroxide contributed to the avoidance of plants from oxidative stress resulting from the high concentration of effective oxygen radicals (ROS) in the cells of plants exposed to salt stress, and stimulating the activity of the enzymatic and non enzymatic defense system in addition to the increase of chlorophyll and physiological characteristics.
Studying the Effect of Field Capacity on Some Growth Indicators for A Number of Local Genotypes of Snake Melon(Cucumis melo var. flexuosus, Faqqous)
Authors: Ismael Zakria A. , Mijwel Abbas K. , Alshuwaili Fakhir R. H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Due to global water scarcity, this experiment was conducted to search for genotypes that are widely cultivated locally to resist water stress in the autumn season 2021, and 24 genotypes were used, and two field capacities were 100% and 30%, A factorial experiment was carried out according to the RCBD design, and the results showed through the study that there are genotypes planted in different regions of Iraq that have withstood water stress V12 (Najaf province in Abu Hadari area) and V14 (Babylon province in Al-Sardeeb / Al-Nile _ Hilla area)and V23 (Cucumber seeds Turkish variety from BURSA TOHUM) by not being affected by all studied indicators of field capacity 30% compared to field capacity 100%, so these genotypes can be grown under water stress conditions.
Effect of Some Iron and Zinc Sources on the Mineral Content Characteristics of Lemon Seedlings (Citrus lemon L.)
Authors: Ajboory Abdulateef Khalaf Hasan , Al-Douri Ehsan Fadhel Saleh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Citrus lemon L. seedlings aged one year were grown in the lath house of the Hawija horticultural station, ministry of agriculture, horticultural Department, in 2021 for the experiment (local species). Lemon seedlings were studied to assess the effects of different iron and zinc sources and how they interacted with the seedlings’ vegetative growth features. With four levels of iron (control, ferrous sulfate and zinc), the experiment incorporated two factors: two levels of zinc (nano-zinc and chelated iron) (control, zinc sulfate, chelated zinc, and nano-zinc). During the growing season, the seedlings were sprayed three times with the two components at a dosage of 50 mg L-1 from their various sources. Four repetitions of the experiment were used in an RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design). According to Duncan’s multiple range test at 0.05 probability level, the data were processed and the averages were compared. A considerable increase in nitrogen (3.69%), phosphorous (0.42%), and potassium (1.37%) was seen after spraying with chelated iron, but spraying with nano iron resulted in a decrease. A considerable advantage was gained over the control treatment by the treatment with the highest iron concentration (34,47 mg kg-1). Compared to the control treatment, spraying with zinc sulfate gave the highest percentage of phosphorous (0.23 percent), and spraying with nano-zinc gave the highest percentage of potassium (1.28 percent), and it gave the interaction of chelated iron and sulfate Zinc. Zinc chelated with nano-iron (35.38 mg kg-1) Furthermore, these treatments have surpassed the comparison treatment by a wide margin.
The Effect of Brassinolide and the Organic Fertilizer (Grow-More) on the Vegetative Growth and the Active Substances of the Lavender Plant L.
Authors: Al-Ahbabi Adeeb Jassim Abbas , Al-Jubouri Yasser Abdullah Najm 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Using a wooden canopy from the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering at the College of Agriculture/University of Tikrit, researchers examined the 2020/2021 lavender crop. To see if the growth regulator brassinolide and the nutrient solution Grow-more can improve the vegetative features and active substance of the lavender plant Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Three replications were used for the experiment, which used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to investigate two parameters. There are two components: BL, a brassinolide growth regulator (concentrations of 0,000, 0,005, 0,001 mg L-1), and GM nutrients (concentrations of 4, 120 mg L-1). (240 mg. L-1)
Effect of Planting Date and Inorganic and Organic of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. Gongylodes)
Authors: Al-Azzawi Hussein A. , Ghassan J. Z. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted on Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) ‘White Vienna cv.’ at the Experimental Station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Salah al-Din, Iraq, during the winter season of 2021-2022 under drip irrigation system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of planting time and different combinations of nitrogen on the growth and yield of kohlrabi plants. Results showed that the first time of planting, 2/8 recorded the highest values in most characteristics of vegetative growth and all characteristics of yield. On the other hand, using a combination of nitrogen at 25% mineral + 75% organic improved plant growth and yield compared to different fertilizer combinations of nitrogen. Interaction treatment between the first time of planting 2/8 and a combination fertilizer of nitrogen at 25% mineral + 75% organic gave the best growth and increased total yield compared with other interaction treatments.
Effect of Fertilizer Combination and Application Methods of Nano-Fertilizer on Yield of Cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis
Authors: Abdulrhman Harith Burhan Al Deen , Omer Omyma O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An investigation into the influence on cauliflower growth and yield of fertilizer combination and addition technique nano-fertilizer N20P20K20 was conducted at the Horticulture Department and Landscape Agriculture College Tikrit University Research Station for the growing season 2022-2021 (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). The experiment included foliar application of nano-fertilizer N20P20K20 3gL-1, ground addition of nano-fertilizer N20P20K20 g L-1, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer 10 m3 ha-1, spray nano 3gL-1+organic, ground addition of nano 3gL-1+organic, organic 10m3 ha-1+chemical. With three repetitions of ten treatments each, the experiment consisted of 30 experimental units using the Randomized Complete Blocks Design (R.C.B.D.) and comparing their averages using Duncan’s multiple range test at the 0.05 probability level. There was an improvement in crud perimeter (57.66 cm), crud length (29.22 cm), and crud diameter (42.87 cm) when nano-fertilizer was sprayed with 3g L-1+ chemical treatment; however, when nano-fertilizer was added to the ground with 3g L-1+ chemical treatment, yield characteristics of one plant (5.027 g plant-1) and the total yield (134.044 tons ha-1) were not affected significantly.
Effect of Bio-Fertilizer and Banana Peel Extract on the Vegetative Traits and Yield of Carrot Plants
Authors: Howeidi Marwa Abdel Rasoul , Manea Ali Ibadi , Slomy Ali Karim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The field experiment was conducted in the training extension farm in Al-Mahanawiya / Al-Musayyab district, 25 km northwest of Hilla city center / Babylon province. The seeds of the stinger carrot hybrid were planted during autumn season on October 3, 2021. To study the effect of adding biofertilizers and banana peel extract on the vegetative growth and yield of carrots. The experiment was designed according to a split plot-system using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the experiment were statistically analyzed according to the method of analysis of variance and according to the significant differences between the treatments at the probability level of 0.05 using the least significant difference LSD. The results indicated that bio-fertilization had a significant effect on (percentage of dry matter in the vegetative total) and (Fulzyme) scored a significantly excelled in (number of leaves, relative content of chlorophyll, percentage of dry matter in the root, root length, root diameter, average root weight and total yield). Treatment with the organic extract of banana peels showed at the concentration of 40 ml. L-1significantly excelled in (plant height, number of leaves, percentage of dry matter in vegetative and percentage of dry matter in the root) and at a concentration of 20 ml. L-1 in (relative content of chlorophyll in leaves, root size, average weight of the root and total yield). The bi-interaction of the biofertilization treatment and the organic extract indicated significant differences, where the interaction of Fulzyme and concentration 40 ml.L-1 was significantly excelled in the percentage of dry matter in the vegetative and root (29.67% and 13.09%), respectively. As for the Biohealth interaction and the concentration of 40 ml.L-1, it significantly excelled in the plant height (25.26 cm). The interaction Fulzyme and concentration 20 ml.L-1 recorded the highest root volume and average root weight (135.8 cm3, 80.9 g), respectively, The interaction between Biohealth and concentration of 20 ml.L-1 recorded the highest total yield (12.73 tons. ha-1) while it was the lowest for all studied traits when the control treatment of both biofertilization and banana peel extract.
The Impact of Stem Site and Foliar Application of Zinc and Boron in Growth, Flowers and Yield of Apples (Brahimi Class)
Authors: Kufesh Sura Ahmed , Abdul Ahmed Samir , Al-Issawi Ali Saleh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The research was conducted in one of the private orchards in al-Saqlawiya district of Fallujah province Anbar province, for two seasons, 2021-2022, to study the impact of the site of fruitful stem site and spraying with zinc and boron on some characteristics of growth and flowers and the product of the apple of the Class Brahimi was chosen 5 4 homogenous trees as long as five years old and planted at dimensions of 4x4 meters, carried out a working experiment (3x3x2) using the design of the entire random sectors RCBD if the first factor represents the choice of the location of the fruitful stem site and its symbol (S1, S2, S3) and the second factor spraying zinc and its mark (ZN0, ZN1) and the third factor foliar with boron, and its marked as (P0.P1.P2) and trees were sprinkled with elements twice each season among the results that the effect of spraying by study factors led to a moral increase in the qualities studied (percentage of total sugars, vitamin C, total acidity, T.S.S., carbohydrate ratio)
The Role of Planting Dates and Spraying with Traditional and Nano NPK Fertilizer on some Vegetative Traits and Yield of Trigonellafoenum-graecum
Authors: Alaawad Noor Al-Huda Saad , Alrubaie Sabah Abd Flayeh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the holy city of Karbala - Al-Hussainiya district for the year (2022-2021) for the winter-season of the College of Agriculture - University of Karbala to study planting dates and spraying with traditional and nano-NPK fertilizer in the vegetative growth characteristics of the fenugreek plant for cultivation (20/10/2021) (10/11/2021) (30/11/2021) and the second, five fertilizer combinations (water only, 1 g.L -1 traditional neutral fertilizer, 2 g.L-1, 100 ml.L -1 of nano fertilizer, 200 ml.L-1 of nano fertilizer, The results showed that the second planting date was superior to the other dates in plant height, leaf area and number of pods per plant, which amounted to (70.37 cm, 285.10 cm 2, 10.93 pods. Plant-1), respectively, While the third date recorded the highest number of branches, which amounted to 7.12 branches. plant-1, while the first date recorded the highest number of seeds per pod, which reached 9.98 seeds.pod-1, and the combinations of fertilizers used together had a significant effect, as the third combination excelled by giving it the highest average number of branches which reached 7.09 plant-1, and the highest average number of pods per plant was 10.74 pods. Plant-1, and the highest number of seeds in one pod was 10.50 seeds. pod-1, While the second combination recorded the highest average leaf area of 298.50 cm2, and the fifth combination recorded the highest fenugreek plant height of 69.16 cm. As for the bilateral interaction between the study factors, the treatment of the second planting date and the third fertilizer combination recorded the highest plant height of 75.67 cm and the highest number of pods 12.20 pods. plant-1, While the third planting date and the third fertilizer combination recorded the highest number of branches of the plant, which amounted to 7.73 branches. Plant-1, as for the third planting date and the second fertilizer combination, it gave the highest leaf area amounting to 331.50 cm2, and the first planting date and the third fertilizer combination recorded the highest number of seeds per pod of 11.30 seeds. horn-1.
Response of Bio-Stimulator and Foliar Spray of Nano-Nitrogen on Growth Characteristics of Two Mandarin Seedlings
Authors: Al-Asally Mustafa E. , Al-Hijemy Salah H. J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the gardening station of the Gardening Department of the Ministry of Agriculture located in the al hyndia region of the holy of Karbala from 1 April 2020 until the end of November of the same year to study the effect of fertilization with bio stimulator bioHealth and nano-nitrogen spraying and overlap between them and the effect on improving the vegetative qualities of Mandarin seedlings (local V1 and clementine V2) the experiment included the study of three factors the first factor included the study of two Cultivars of Mandarine seedlings(local and clementine) The second factor involved fertilization with biohealth and three concentrations (0, 5, 10 g. Seedling-1), the third agent included spraying with nano-nitrogen fertilizer and three concentrations(0,2,4ml.L-1). The results revealed that the soil application of bio-stimulator (Bio-Health) has a significant increment in all the studied parameters, under the treatment of B2 (10 gm. seedlings-1) which revealed the highest values compared to the rest of the treatments. The foliar application of nano-nitrogen fertilizer at N2 (4 ml. L-1) has increased the branch length, the secondary shoots number, the stem diameter, leaves area, dry weight of vegetative growth, and leaves content of chlorophyll in comparison with treatment N1.
The Effect of Organic Fertilization on Leaf Mineral Content of Three Citrus Species
Authors: Khalil N. H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment in RCBD design was carried out in the College of Agric. Engine. SCI./The University of Baghdad. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of inorganic and organic fertilizer (as three levels of sheep and cattle manure) on the leaf content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, of three citrus species, lemon (Citrus limon L.), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) and, mandarin (Citrus reticulata), grafted on Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock. Results indicated that lemon trees grafted on Citrus aurantium were the most responsive to organic fertilization and the accumulation of most of the macro and micro elements, followed by orange trees grafted on the same rootstock, while it was noted that mandarin trees grafted on Citrus aurantium were the least responsive among the three types, In addition, sheep manure was efficient in providing plants with N, K, Ca, and Mg elements, while cattle manure was the most efficient in providing plants with P, Fe, Zn, and Mn nutrients.
Comparative Study Between the Growth Regulators Benzyl Adenine (BAP) and Thydizoronate (TDZ) and Nano Iron in the Growth and Multiplication of Citrumelo Shoots in Vitro
Authors: Al-Jalihawi Walaa Faleh Hadi , Ali Tahani Jawad Muhammad , Nayef Makki Noman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Research was conducted at Al-Qasim Green University in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory in the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping in the College of Agriculture from November 2021 to May 2022 with the aim of comparing two types of cytokinins: BAP at a concentration of 2.0 mg/L-1 and TDZ at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L-1 and two concentrations Iron (2.5-5 mg/L-1). To know their effect on the average of shoot multiplication in vitro of the root and its content of protein and macro (N.K) and Micro (iron) elements. The research was implemented as a factorial experiment using a complete random design (CRD) with two factors: cytokinin and nano iron. The results indicated a superiority of 0.2 mg.L-1 TDZ in each of the Multiplication shoots (4.667 shoots/explant ) and the content of shoots of iron (54.66 mg.kg-1), while BAP at a concentration of 2.0 mg/L-1 was excelled on the content of shoots of nitrogen, potassium and protein (1.778%, 1.947%.) respectively. As for nano iron at a concentration of 2.5 mg. L-1 was significantly excelled in the average of multiplication shoots (5 shoots/explant ), nitrogen (1.765%) and protein (10.98%). Specifically, the 5 mg dose. Potassium and iron (1.692% and 55.0 mg.kg-1) were most abundant in L-1.