bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal characteristics of physical frailty and its components in men and women post hip fracture
Authors: Huang Yi , Orwig Denise , Hayssen Hilary , Lu Wenxin , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Chiles Shaffer Nancy , Magaziner Jay , Guralnik Jack M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is an important geriatric syndrome predicting adverse health outcomes in older adults. However, the longitudinal characteristics of frailty components in post‐hip fracture patients are less understood. Adopting the Fried frailty definition, we examined the longitudinal trends and sex trajectory differences in frailty and its components over 1 year post‐fracture.MethodsThree hundred and twenty‐seven hip fracture patients (162 men and 165 women with mean age 80.1 and 81.5) from Baltimore Hip Studies 7th cohort with measurements at 22 days after admission, and months 2, 6, and 12 post‐fracture were analyzed. Frailty components included: grip strength, gait speed, weight, total energy expenditure, and exhaustion. Longitudinal analysis used mixed effect models.ResultsAt baseline, men were sicker with worse cognitive status, and had higher weight and grip strength, but lower total energy expenditure than women (p < 0.001). The prevalence of frailty was 31.5%, 30.2%, and 28.2% at months 2, 6, and 12 respectively, showing no longitudinal trends or sex differences. However, its components showed substantial recovery trends over the post‐fracture year after confounding adjustments, including increasing gait speed, reducing risk of exhaustion, and stabilized weight loss and energy expenditure over time. Particularly, while men's grip strength tended to remain stable over first year post surgery within patients, women's grip strength reduced significantly over time within patients. On average over time within patients, women were more active with higher energy expenditures but lower grip strength and weight than men.ConclusionSignificant recovery trends and sex differences were observed in frailty components during first year post‐fracture. Overall frailty status did not show those trends over months 2–12 since a summary measure might obscure changes in components. Therefore, frailty components provided important multi‐dimensional information on the complex recovery process of patients, indicating targets for intervention beyond the global binary measure of frailty.
Efficacy of prompt administration of cryoprecipitate in severe postpartum hemorrhage of preeclampsia patients
Authors: Nakajima Keisuke , Fujii Tatsuya , Iriyama Takayuki , Ichinose Mari , Toshimitsu Masatake , Sayama Seisuke , Seyama Takahiro , Kumasawa Keiichi , Ikeda Toshiyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimCryoprecipitate (CRYO) is a concentrated preparation of coagulation factors formulated from fresh frozen plasma (FFP), which can replenish coagulation factors rapidly. Preeclampsia (PE) is frequently associated with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and the rapid replenishment of coagulation factors is vital in the management. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the efficacy of administering CRYO irrespective of fibrinogen levels in patients with PE who experienced severe PPH.MethodsPatients with PPH accompanied by PE and those who required red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were included. Cases were divided into two groups: those treated with CRYO (N = 16) and those not treated with CRYO (N = 10). The total transfusion volume, blood loss before and after transfusion initiation, duration of hospitalization, presence of pulmonary edema, and performance of either interventional radiology or hysterectomy were compared.ResultsThe median fibrinogen levels before transfusion were 2.24 and 2.34 g/L in the CRYO group and the not using group, respectively. Although blood loss before transfusion was comparable between the two groups, blood loss after transfusion was significantly less in the CRYO group (median: 520 vs. 2352 mL, p = 0.015), as well as the total blood loss (median: 2285 vs. 3825 mL, p = 0.005) and total transfusion volume (median: RBC 6 vs. 16 U, p = 0.01, FFP 10 vs. 20 U, p = 0.017).ConclusionPrompt replenishment of coagulation factors using CRYO to patients with PE who experience severe PPH could decrease further bleeding.
Endometrial polyps effect on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with minimal/mild endometriosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Xiang Yingchun , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the pregnancy outcomes and associated influencing factors of pregnancy after hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy treatment in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis.DesignA retrospective study.SettingWest China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University.PatientsWe enrolled 898 infertile women who had their minimal/mild endometriosis lesions removed by laparoscopy, including 271 patients additionally diagnosed with endometrial polyps who also underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy.MethodsBased on the existence of endometrial polyps, patients with minimal/mild endometriosis were enrolled and divided into polyps group and non‐polyps group.Main Outcome MeasuresPregnancy outcomes.ResultsA total of 271 women with minimal/mild endometriosis were included in polyps group while 491 women with minimal/mild endometriosis were included in non‐polyps group. The pregnancy rate of polyps group was not statistically significant compared with non‐polyp group (60.15% vs. 58.25%). The pregnancy rate was higher among patients with polyps ≥1 cm (76.06%, 54/71) than patients with polyps <1 cm (54.50%, 109/200) or patients without polyps (58.25%, 286/491) (p = 0.006). The pregnancy rate was higher for patients with multiple polyps (67.86%, 95/140) than for patients with single polyp (51.91%, 68/131) or without polyps (p = 0.025).ConclusionsAmong women with minimal/mild endometriosis, hysteroscopic polypectomy did significantly increase fertility in infertile patients with multiple polyps or size of polyp ≥1 cm compared with those without endometrial polyps, single polyp, and size of polyp <1 cm. The size and number of polyps were independently associated with the reproductive ability of women with minimal/mild endometriosis.
Scaling of sense organs that control flight: Size and sensory cell number of dipteran fly halteres
Authors: Simmons P. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn animal with a large body can have larger sense organs than a smaller one, collecting more sensory information. However, many structures scale with body size to be relatively smaller in larger animals. This occurs with eyes, however the situation for mechanosensory organs is less clear. I investigated scaling of particular mechanosensory organs unique to dipteran flies, halteres, which replace hind wings and are important for the aerobatic ability underlying the success and diversity of dipterans. Halteres are shaped like drumsticks and beat up and down in time with the wings, acting as gyroscopes because yawing, pitching or rolling generate twisting forces in them. These forces are detected by campaniform sensilla (CS), dome‐shaped sensory cells in the cuticle that are mainly clustered into three fields. Unusually for a sense organ, individual CS are visible on the cuticle surface. I compared how haltere size, shape and CS number scale with body size in four clades representing different branches of dipteran phylogeny: tipulids (craneflies); tabanids (horseflies); syrphids (hoverflies) and calyptrates (e.g. houseflies, blowflies). In all clades, haltere length scaled with body mass raised to the power 0.23, similar to that for eyes of insects and other animals. It was directly proportional to wing length, probably enabling halteres to beat in time with wings. In relation to body size or wing length, tipulids had longer halteres than other clades. In contrast to haltere length, the number of CS was not related to body size within each clade but did vary between clades, suggesting a basic pattern for each clade was laid down early in its evolution. Tipulids had the smallest number, associated with relatively ponderous flight. Tabanids had more CS than calyptrates or syrphids, reasons for which require further investigation.
Liver stiffness is associated with all‐cause mortality in patients with NAFLD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ciardullo Stefano , Muraca Emanuele , Zerbini Francesca , Perseghin Gianluca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSeveral studies reported an association between liver stiffness measurement (LSM) obtained through vibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and all‐cause mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to summarize available evidence on the nature and magnitude of this association.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed‐MEDLINE and Scopus up to April 2023 for observational cohort studies in which LSM was measured with VCTE in patients with NAFLD or in general population settings, with a follow‐up ≥1 year and with available data on all‐cause mortality. Measures of association from individual studies were meta‐analysed using random effects models. Of the 517 titles initially scrutinized, we included seven studies with data on 18 771 participants (47.1% male) and a mean follow‐up of 3.6 years. We included effect estimates obtained in the models with the highest degree of adjustment for potential confounders available in each study.ResultsWhen analysed as a categorical variable based on specific LSM cut‐offs, liver fibrosis was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.56–2.83; test for overall effect z = 4.919, p < 0.001). Results were consistent when LSM was considered as a continuous variable (HR for 1 kPa increase: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05; test for overall effect z = 3.341, p = 0.001). There was borderline significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 50.2% and I2 = 66.7% in the two analyses, respectively). No significant publication bias was detected by funnel plot analysis and Egger's and Begg's tests.ConclusionThe present meta‐analysis indicates that LSM, as a proxy of liver fibrosis, is independently and directly associated with a higher mortality risk in patients with NAFLD.
The non‐invasive evaluation of liver involvement in patients with cystic fibrosis: A prospective study
Authors: Dajti Elton , Ravaioli Federico , Paiola Giulia , Volpi Sonia , Colecchia Luigi , Ferrarese Alberto , Alemanni Luigina Vanessa , Cusumano Caterina , Di Biase Anna Rita , Marasco Giovanni , Vestito Amanda , Festi Davide , Rautou Pierre‐Emmanuel , Cipolli Marco , Colecchia Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPorto‐sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) has been described as the prominent pathology in liver explants of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but data outside the transplant setting are lacking. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of portal hypertension (PH) in CF‐associated liver disease (CFLD) and develop an algorithm to classify liver involvement in CF patients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of consecutive paediatric and adult patients in a tertiary centre between 2018 and 2019, who underwent ultrasound, liver (LSM) and spleen stiffness (SSM) measurement. CFLD was defined according to physical examination, liver tests and ultrasound findings. PSVD was likely if there were PH signs in the absence of advanced chronic liver disease (CF‐ACLD, LSM <10 kPa). A historical cohort was used to validate the prognostic significance of the new definitions.ResultsFifty (27.5%) patients met CFLD criteria. At least one sign of PH was found in 47 (26%) patients, but most (81%) had LSM <10 kPa and were likely to have PSVD; only 9 (5%) had CF‐ACLD. PSVD and CFLD (LSM <10 kPa) co‐existed in most (23/36) cases. In the historical cohort (n = 599 patients), likely PSVD and CFLD+PH were independently associated with a 2‐fold and 3.5‐fold increase in mortality compared to patients without PH, respectively. In 34 patients with SSM, values <21 and >50 kPa accurately diagnosed specific signs of PH.ConclusionsPSVD is the prevailing cause of PH in CF patients. We developed a new diagnostic algorithm based on clinical and elastosonography criteria to classify liver involvement in patients with CF.
A unified intensity of the magnetic field in the protoplanetary disk from the Winchcombe meteorite
Authors: Bryson James F. J. , Nichols Claire I. O. , Mac Niocaill Conall 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne key feature of our protoplanetary disk that shaped its transformation into a system of planetary bodies was its vast magnetic field. Unique constraints on the properties of this field can be gleaned from paleomagnetic measurements of certain meteorites. Here, we apply this approach to the recent CM chondrite fall Winchcombe with the aim of constructing the most complete and reliable record to date of the behavior of the disk field in the outer solar system. We find that the interior of Winchcombe carries a stable, pre‐terrestrial magnetization that likely dates from the period of aqueous alteration of the CM chondrite parent body. This remanence corresponds to a paleointensity of 31 ± 17 μT accounting for the average effect of parent body rotation. Winchcombe is rich in framboids and plaquettes of magnetite, which formed via precipitation following the dissolution of iron sulfide. This contrasts with most other CM chondrites, where magnetite formed predominantly via pseudomorphic replacement of FeNi metal. Accounting for the potential differences in recording fidelities of these types of magnetite, we find that the reported paleointensities from all CM chondrites to date are likely underestimates of the disk field intensity in the outer solar system, and use our measurements to calculate a unified intensity estimate of ~78 μT. This paleointensity is consistent with two independent values from recent studies, which collectively argue that the disk field could have played a larger role in shaping the behavior of the disk in the outer solar system than previously considered.
Understanding natural selection and similarity: Convergent, parallel and repeated evolution
Authors: Cerca José 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParallel and convergent evolution offer some of the most compelling evidence for the significance of natural selection in evolution, as the emergence of similar adaptive solutions is unlikely to occur by random chance alone. However, these terms are often employed inconsistently, leading to misinterpretation and confusion, and recently proposed definitions have unintentionally diminished the emphasis on the evolution of similar adaptive solutions. Here, I examine various conceptual frameworks and definitions related to parallel and convergent evolution and propose a consolidated framework that enhances our comprehension of these evolutionary patterns. The primary aim of this framework is to harmonize the concepts of parallel and convergent evolution together with natural selection and the idea of similarity. Both concepts involve the evolution of similar adaptive solutions as a result of environmental challenges. The distinction lies in ancestral phenotypes. Parallel evolution takes place when the ancestral phenotypes (before selection) of the lineages are similar. Convergent evolution happens when the lineages have distinct ancestral phenotypes (before selection). Because an ancestral‐based distinction will inevitably lead to cases where uncertainty in the distinction may arise, the framework includes a general term, repeated evolution, which can be used as a term applying to the evolution of similar phenotypes and genotypes as well as similar responses to environmental pressures. Based on the argument that genetic similarity may frequently arise without selection, the framework posits that the similarity of genetic sequences is not of great interest unless linked to the actions of natural selection or to the origins (mutation, standing genetic variation, gene flow) and locations of the similar sequences.
The practical ethics of linguistic integration: Three challenges
Authors: Peled Yael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPublic debates on linguistic integration as a socially desired outcome often share a prevailing sentiment that newcomers ought to “learn the language.” But the intensity of that sentiment is rarely accompanied by an equally robust understanding of what, precisely, it means in practice. This results in a notion of linguistic integration with an inbuilt tension between a seemingly pragmatic and commonsensical appearance, on the one hand, and a minimal action‐guidance capacity, on the other hand. This paper explores this intriguing tension, and it identifies three moral and practical challenges that this challenge presents to the normative theorizing of the practical ethics of linguistic integration: (1) a predicament of arbitrary treatment; (2) the interpersonal structure of social and linguistic learning; and (3) the affective dimension of linguistic integration.
Risk factors for 1‐year allograft loss in pediatric heart transplant patients using machine learning: An analysis of the pediatric heart transplant society database
Authors: Wisotzkey Bethany L. , Jaeger Byron , Asante‐Korang Alfred , Brickler Molly , Cantor Ryan S. , Everitt Melanie D. , Kirklin James K. , Koehl Devin , Mantell Benjamin S. , Thrush Philip T. , Kuhn Micheal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric heart transplant patients are at greatest risk of allograft loss in the first year. We assessed whether machine learning could improve 1‐year risk assessment using the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society database.MethodsPatients transplanted from 2010 to 2019 were included. The primary outcome was 1‐year graft loss free survival. We developed a prediction model using cross‐validation, by comparing Cox regression, gradient boosting, and random forests. The modeling strategy with the best discrimination and calibration was applied to fit a final prediction model. We used Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values to perform variable selection and to estimate effect sizes and importance of individual variables when interpreting the final prediction model.ResultsCumulative incidence of graft loss or mortality was 7.6%. Random forests had favorable discrimination and calibration compared to Cox proportional hazards with a C‐statistic (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) versus 0.71 (0.69, 0.73), and closer alignment between predicted and observed risk. SHAP values computed using the final prediction model indicated that the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) increased 1 year predicted risk of graft loss by 1.7 (i.e., from 7.6% to 9.3%), need for mechanical circulatory support increased predicted risk by 2, and single ventricle CHD increased predicted risk by 1.9. These three predictors, respectively, were also estimated to be the most important among the 15 predictors in the final model.ConclusionsRisk prediction models used to facilitate patient selection for pediatric heart transplant can be improved without loss of interpretability using machine learning.
Truncated two‐parameter Poisson–Dirichlet approximation for Pitman–Yor process hierarchical models
Authors: Zhang Junyi , Dassios Angelos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we construct an approximation to the Pitman–Yor process by truncating its two‐parameter Poisson–Dirichlet representation. The truncation is based on a decreasing sequence of random weights, thus having a lower approximation error compared to the popular truncated stick‐breaking process. We develop an exact simulation algorithm to sample from the approximation process and provide an alternative MCMC algorithm for the parameter regime where the exact simulation algorithm becomes slow. The effectiveness of the simulation algorithms is demonstrated by the estimation of the functionals of a Pitman–Yor process. Then we adapt the approximation process into a Pitman–Yor process mixture model and devise a blocked Gibbs sampler for posterior inference.
Comparison of hematologic and serum biochemical variables in Brucella‐infected and Brucella‐free adult Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana)
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhu Qingfeng , Zhao Shanshan , Tan Wenbo , Wang Suwen , Xie Songsong , Wang Yuanzhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) plays a reservoir role in the epidemiology of brucellosis. However, the changes in blood biochemical parameters are still unclear in Brucella‐seropositive marmots.ObjectivesThe present study was designed to explore the hematologic and biochemical variable changes in Brucella‐seropositive marmots.MethodsBlood samples were collected from the dorsalis pedis vein of Himalayan marmots (24 Brucella‐seropositive marmots and 24 Brucella‐free marmots). Ten hematologic and 10 serum biochemical variable examinations were performed and analyzed.ResultsOur results showed that leukocyte, platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts significantly increased, while the level of carbon dioxide combining power decreased in Brucella‐infected marmots. These findings indicate that Brucella triggers an immune response in Himalayan marmots.ConclusionsThis study provides a preliminary investigation of the changes in blood biochemical analytes in Brucella‐infected marmots. The interaction between Brucella infection and blood biochemical indices in Himalayan marmots should be further explored.