bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Adult Patients, Risk Factors, and Efficacy of Low Dose Prophylactic Antibiotics Therapy
Authors: Alghoraibi Hala , Asidan Aisha , Aljawaied Raneem , Almukhayzim Raghad , Alsaydan Aljoharah , Alamer Elaf , Baharoon Waleed , Masuadi Emad , Al Shukairi Abeer , Layqah Laila , Baharoon Salim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs in sizable percentages of patients after a single episode and is a frequent cause of primary healthcare visits and hospital admissions, accounting for up to one quarter of emergency department visits. We aim to describe the pattern of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis prescription for recurrent urinary tract infections, in what group of adult patients they are prescribed and their efficacy.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all adult patients diagnosed with single and recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infection in the period of January 2016 to December 2018.

Results
A total of 250 patients with a single UTI episode and 227 patients with recurrent UTI episodes were included. Risk factors for recurrent UTI included diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, and use of immunosuppressive drugs, renal transplant, any form of urinary tract catheterization, immobilization and neurogenic bladder. E. coli infections were the most prevalent organism in patients with UTI episodes. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to 55% of patients with UTIs, Nitrofurantoin, Bactrim or amoxicillin clavulanic acid. Post renal transplant is the most frequent reason to prophylaxis antibiotics (44%). Bactrim was more prescribed in younger patients (P < 0.001), in post-renal transplantation (P < 0.001) and after urological procedures (P < 0.001), while Nitrofurantoin was more prescribed in immobilized patients (P = 0.002) and in patients with neurogenic bladder (P < 0.001). Patients who received continuous prophylactic antibiotics experienced significantly less episodes of urinary tract infections (P < 0.001), emergency room visits and hospital admissions due to urinary tract infections (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Despite being effective in reducing recurrent urinary tract infection rate, emergency room visits and hospital admissions due to UTI, continuous antibiotic prophylaxis was only used in 55% of patients with recurrent infections. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently used prophylactic antibiotic. Urology and gynecological referral were infrequently requested as part of the evaluation process for patients with recurrent UTI. There was a lack of use of other interventions such as topical estrogen in postmenopausal women and documentation of education on non-pharmacological methods to decrease urinary tract infections.
Effect of the Timing of Amubarvimab/Romlusevimab (BRII-196/198) Administration on Progression to Severe Disease in Elderly Patients with COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Yonghao , Liu Ying , Zheng Ruiqiang , Si Shujie , Xi Yin , Deng Xilong , Wang Gang , Zhou Liang , Li Manshu , Wang Ya , Zhang Shuo , Xie Jianfeng , Liu Xiaoqing , Yang Yi , Tang Xiaoping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Early intervention with neutralizing antibodies is considered to be effective in preventing disease progression in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Elderly patients are the most susceptible and at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. The present study aimed to assess the necessity and possible clinical benefits of the early administration of Amubarvimab/Romlusevimab (BRII-196/198) in the elderly population.

Methods
The present study was designed as a retrospective, multi-center cohort study conducted with 90 COVID-19 patients aged over 60, who were divided into two groups based on the timing of the administration of BRII-196/198 (administration at ≤ 3 days or > 3 days from the onset of infection symptoms).

Results
The ≤ 3 days group exhibited a greater positive effect (HR 5.94, 95% CI, 1.42–24.83; P < 0.01), with only 2 patients among 21 patients (9.52%) exhibiting disease progression, compared to the 31 patients among the 69 patients (44.93%) of the > 3 days group who exhibited disease progression. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed low flow oxygen support prior to BRII-196/198 administration (HR 3.53, 95% CI 1.42–8.77, P < 0.01) and PLT class (HR 3.68, 95% CI 1.37–9.91, P < 0.01) as independent predictors of disease progression.

Conclusions
In elderly patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 disease, who do not require oxygen support and had the risk factors for disease progression to severe COVID-19 disease, the administration of BRII-196/198 within 3 days resulted in a beneficial trend in terms of preventing disease progression.
Resurgence of human coronavirus OC43 at a long-term care facility during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Outbreak investigation
Authors: Ohyama Koji , Honda Hitoshi , Aoki Momoko , Wakuda Mitsutaka , Kitahara Tomoaki , Kaede Chisaki , Doi Yohei , Uehara Yuki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The incidence of seasonal infections due to respiratory viruses other than severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has declined due to heightened public infection prevention measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe an outbreak of human coronavirus OC43 infection that occurred at a long-term care facility and whose clinical features were indistinguishable from COVID-19.
P.120 Traumatic penetrating head injury by crossbow projectiles: a case report and literature review
Authors: Khayat M , Khayat H , Aljoghaiman M , Alhantoobi M , sommer D , Guha D , Algird A 
Published: June 2023

Background: Penetrating head injury secondary to crossbows is a rare encounter in neurosurgical practice with only few cases reported in the literature. Methods: Chart review and literature review. Results: A 31-year-old man with a previous psychiatric history sustained a self-inflicted injury using a crossbow he bought from a department store. The patient arrived neurologically intact. He was not able to verbalize due to jaw fixation with the arrow. The trajectory of the object showed an entry point at the floor of the oral cavity and an exit through the calvarium just off the midline. The oral and nasal cavities, along with the palate and the skull base, and the left frontal lobe were all breached (figure). No vascular injury was identified on imaging (figure). The arrow was surgically removed in the operating room after establishing an elective surgical airway. A planned delayed CSF leak repair was performed. The patient made a substantial recovery and was discharged home in good status. Conclusions: - Multidisciplinary team is key.Vascular imaging should be done pre and post-intervention.Surgical approach is determined by the trajectory.Psychiatric illness and access to weapons are major risk factors.Elective surgical airway might be indicated.
Estimating Parties’ Policy Positions in Uruguay: Comparing Scaling Methods Based on Legislative Speeches and Roll-Call Votes
Authors: Luján Diego , Schmidt Nicolás , Moraes Juan A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThis research note takes advantage of a novel dataset to analyze legislators’ behavior in Uruguay’s Parliament. Comparing the positions of legislators based on floor speeches and roll-call voting, it discusses the relationship between discourse and voting among individual legislators and parties. The dataset contains more than 57,000 speeches from more than 1,000 Uruguayan legislators between 1985 and 2015 and its related R package. The study estimates the parties’ policy positions on the basis of two data sources, roll-call votes and floor speeches, and then compares both results. Contrary to expectations, no clear association appears between the two scaling methods, demonstrating that vote and legislative speech may reflect the behavior of individual legislators with potentially conflicting goals. Strategic calculations or party discipline may be plausible explanations for the divergent results obtained from text and roll-call scaling methods.
Who Is Responsible for the Emergency Aid? Cash Transfer and Presidential Approval During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Batista Pereira Frederico , Russo Guilherme , Nunes Felipe 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTStudies show that cash transfer programs increase incumbent approval through their financial impact and clear association with the executive. But does this effect hold when it is the legislature rather than the incumbent proposing the program? Amid the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, more than 60 million Brazilians received an emergency assistance payment that was proposed by Congress against resistance from the executive. This study leverages this unique case to examine if cash transfer programs affect presidential approval under circumstances of unclear responsibility. Survey results showed that while approval ratings increased, the public was divided about who was responsible for the program. Moreover, a survey-experiment that informed respondents about the negotiations between the president and Congress found that information improves views about Congress but does not affect presidential approval. The results suggest that even cash transfer programs may promote limited vertical accountability in contexts of unclear policy responsibility.
Bolsonaro and the Black Vote: Racial Voting in Brazil’s 2018 Election
Authors: De Micheli David 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTTwo competing narratives characterize the role of race in Brazil’s 2018 election. Journalists observe that Jair Bolsonaro “entranced” nonwhite voters while “insulting them.” Scholars argue that Bolsonaro politicized race, costing him nonwhite support. In contrast, this article argues that racialized patterns of voter behavior were not distinct from those in recent general elections, and that voters’ electoral choices varied within as well as between racial categories. This study incorporates recent findings on racial subjectivity in Brazil, which emphasize the interaction of racial identification and educational status in shaping racial consciousness. Survey data show that racial differences are driven by highly educated black voters, who are least likely to support Bolsonaro compared to educated white voters and more likely to support leftist candidates. By incorporating findings on racial subjectivity into theoretical predictions and leveraging the 2018 election, this study identifies conditions in which racial identification operates to shape electoral behavior.
NEW RADIOCARBON DATES FOR THE MIDDLE CHALCOLITHIC PERIOD OF THE CENTRAL ZAGROS, IRAN
Authors: Bahranipoor Hanan 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAs one of the most extensive prehistoric entities of western Iran, Dalma culture belonging to the Zagros Chalcolithic, flourished in vast areas of the Central Zagros and Northwest Region of the country. This culture is defined essentially by its characteristic ceramic assemblages that show a marked uniformity in terms of technology, vessel forms, and painted designs throughout its territory. One of the main issues regarding this culture is its chronology, which was largely based on comparative studies, a few radiocarbon (14C) dates analyzed in the 1960s–1970s, or a few confusing thermoluminescence dates. In this paper, a series of 15 charcoal samples from a recent salvage excavation at Nad Ali Beig, a single-period site dated to Dalma period, is presented that provide the first reliable absolute dates for a part of the Middle Chalcolithic period of the Central Zagros region. Based on these new dates we may suggest that Dalma culture flourished between ca. 5200/5100–4600 BCE. Furthermore, based on these dates it is now possible to determine the order of appearance of different types of the Dalma culture ceramic assemblage, including the Ubaid-related painted buff ceramics.
Human–wildlife conflicts in Patagonia: ranchers’ perceptions of guanacoLama guanicoeabundance
Authors: Flores Celina , Lichtenstein Gabriela , Schiavini Adrián 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConflicts between people and wildlife have become widespread as people move to areas previously home to wildlife and as wild populations recover. In Patagonia, one of the main threats to guanacoLama guanicoeconservation is the animosity of sheep ranchers towards the species. As key stakeholders in guanaco conservation we assessed ranchers’ perceptions regarding guanaco abundance in Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. We contrasted these perceptions with estimated guanaco abundance and explored the socio-ecological factors influencing perceptions and how perceptions of overabundance are rooted in contextual factors rather than actual abundance. We performed semi-structured interviews with ranchers from Isla Grande and estimated guanaco abundance independently using density surface modelling. Ranchers were divided into three categories depending on their perception of guanaco abundance: ‘too many’, ‘many’ and ‘normal’. Those in the ‘many’ and ‘normal’ categories perceived guanaco abundance as being similar to actual abundance, whereas those in the category ‘too many' overestimated guanaco abundance. The perceived issues affecting livestock production varied between categories, although feral dogs emerged as the main problem. Negative perceptions of the guanaco stemmed from ranchers' beliefs that the species reduces forage availability for livestock, and from their disappointment about the government's handling of concerns regarding livestock production. Greater understanding and integration of the human dimension in conservation are needed to design more inclusive and resilient management plans.
Ectoparasites associated with the Bushveld gerbil (Gerbilliscus leucogaster) and the role of the host and habitat in shaping ectoparasite diversity and infestations
Authors: Smith Amber T. , Krasnov Boris R. , Horak Ivan G. , Ueckermann Eddie A. , Matthee Sonja 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRodents are known hosts for various ectoparasite taxa such as fleas, lice, ticks and mites. South Africa is recognized for its animal diversity, yet little is published about the parasite diversity associated with wild rodent species. By focusing on a wildlife-human/domestic animal interface, the study aims to record ectoparasite diversity and levels of infestations of the Bushveld gerbil, Gerbilliscus leucogaster, and to establish the relationship between ectoparasite infestation parameters and host- and habitat factors. Rodents (n = 127) were trapped in 2 habitat types (natural and agricultural) during 2014–2020. More than 6500 individuals of 32 epifaunistic species represented by 21 genera and belonging to 5 taxonomic groups (fleas, sucking lice, ticks, mesostigmatan mites and trombiculid mites) were collected. Mesostigmatan mites and lice were the most abundant and fleas and mesostigmatan mites the most prevalent groups. Flea and mesostigmatan mite numbers and mesostigmatan mite species richness was significantly higher on reproductively active male than female rodents. Only ticks were significantly associated with habitat type, with significantly higher tick numbers and more tick species on rodents in the natural compared to the agricultural habitat. We conclude that the level of infestation by ectoparasites closely associated with the host (fleas and mites) was affected by host-associated factors, while infestation by ectoparasite that spend most of their life in the external environment (ticks) was affected by habitat type.
Clinical significance of psychotic-like experiences across U.S. ethnoracial groups
Authors: Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Chen Chih-nan , Olfson Mark , Interian Alejandro , Alegría Margarita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) – reports of hallucinations and delusional thinking not meeting criteria for psychotic disorder – varies substantially across ethnoracial groups. What explains this range of PLE prevalence? Despite extensive research, the clinical significance of PLEs remains unclear. Are PLE prevalence and clinical severity differentially associated across ethnoracial groups?MethodsWe examined the lifetime prevalence and clinical significance of PLEs across ethnoracial groups in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (N = 11 139) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) psychosis symptom screener. Outcomes included mental healthcare use (inpatient, outpatient), mental health morbidity (self-perceived poor/fair mental health, suicidal ideation or attempts), and impairment (role interference). Individuals with outcome onsets prior to PLE onset were excluded. We also examined associations of PLEs with CIDI diagnoses. Cox proportional-hazards regression and logistic regression modeling identified associations of interest.ResultsContrary to previous reports, only Asian Americans differed significantly from other U.S. ethnoracial groups, reporting lower lifetime prevalence (6.7% v. 8.0–11.9%) and mean number (0.09 v. 0.11–0.18) of PLEs. In multivariate analyses, PLE clinical significance showed limited ethnoracial variation among Asian Americans, non-Caribbean Latinos, and Afro-Caribbeans. In other groups, mental health outcomes showed significant ethnoracial clustering by outcome (e.g. hospitalization and role interference with Caribbean-Latino origin), possibly due to underlying differences in psychiatric disorder chronicity or treatment barriers.ConclusionsWhile there is limited ethnoracial variation in U.S. PLE prevalence, PLE clinical significance varies across U.S. ethnoracial groups. Clinicians should consider this variation when assessing PLEs to avoid exaggerating their clinical significance, contributing to mental healthcare disparities.
Best practice considerations on the assessment of robotic assisted surgical systems: results from an international consensus expert panel
Authors: Erskine Jamie , Abrishami Payam , Charter Richard , Cicchetti Americo , Culbertson Richard , Faria Eliney , Hiatt Jo Carol , Khan Jim , Maddern Guy , Patel Anita , Rha Koon Ho , Shah Paresh , Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Tackett Scott , Turchetti Giuseppe , Chalkidou Anastasia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Health technology assessments (HTAs) of robotic assisted surgery (RAS) face several challenges in assessing the value of robotic surgical platforms. As a result of using different assessment methods, previous HTAs have reached different conclusions when evaluating RAS. While the number of available systems and surgical procedures is rapidly growing, existing frameworks for assessing MedTech provide a starting point, but specific considerations are needed for HTAs of RAS to ensure consistent results. This work aimed to discuss different approaches and produce guidance on evaluating RAS.

Methods
A consensus conference research methodology was adopted. A panel of 14 experts was assembled with international experience and representing relevant stakeholders: clinicians, health economists, HTA practitioners, policy makers, and industry. A review of previous HTAs was performed and seven key themes were extracted from the literature for consideration. Over five meetings, the panel discussed the key themes and formulated consensus statements.

Results
A total of ninety-eight previous HTAs were identified from twenty-five total countries. The seven key themes were evidence inclusion and exclusion, patient- and clinician-reported outcomes, the learning curve, allocation of costs, appropriate time horizons, economic analysis methods, and robotic ecosystem/wider benefits.

Conclusions
Robotic surgical platforms are tools, not therapies. Their value varies according to context and should be considered across therapeutic areas and stakeholders. The principles set out in this paper should help HTA bodies at all levels to evaluate RAS. This work may serve as a case study for rapidly developing areas in MedTech that require particular consideration for HTAs.
Capturing the whole-school food environment in primary schools
Authors: Moore Sarah E , Brennan Sarah F , Lavelle Fiona , Dean Moira , McKinley Michelle C , Olgacher Dilara , McCole Patrick , Hunter Ruth F , Dunne Laura , O’Connell Niamh E , Elliott Chris T , McCarthy Danielle , Woodside Jayne V 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:The school food environment (SFE) is an ideal setting for encouraging healthy dietary behaviour. We aimed to develop an instrument to assess whole-SFE, test the instrument in the school setting and demonstrate its use to make food environment recommendations.Design:SFE literature and UK school food guidance were searched to inform instrument items. The instrument consisted of (i) an observation proforma capturing canteen areas systems, food presentation and monitoring of food intake and (ii) a questionnaire assessing food policies, provision and activities. The instrument was tested in schools and used to develop SFE recommendations. Descriptive analyses enabled narrative discussion.Setting:Primary schools.Participants:An observation was undertaken at schools in urban and rural geographical regions of Northern Ireland of varying socio-economic status (n 18). School senior management completed the questionnaire with input from school caterers (n 16).Results:The instrument captured desired detail and potential instrument modifications were identified. SFE varied. Differences existed between food policies and how policies were implemented and monitored. At many schools, there was scope to enhance physical eating environments (n 12, 67 %) and food presentation (n 15, 83 %); emphasise healthy eating through food activities (n 7, 78 %) and increase parental engagement in school food (n 9, 56 %).Conclusions:The developed instrument can measure whole-SFE in primary schools and also enabled identification of recommendations to enhance SFE. Further assessment and adaptation of the instrument are required to enable future use as a research tool or for self-assessment use by schools.
Piloting an Innovative System-Level Intervention for Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Social Risk
Authors: Wagner David V. , Stoeckel Maggie , Hansen Trevor , Muir Linda , Harris Michael A. 
Published: June 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the Novel Interventions in Children’s Healthcare (NICH) program for youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and high social risk. Method: This study examined the implementation of NICH with four adolescents of racial and ethnic diversity with high social risk and IBD, using a retrospective pretest–posttest design. Chart reviews captured descriptions of the course of treatment and healthcare utilization data for one year prior to and one year post NICH service initiation, including the presence and frequency of hospital admissions, ED visits, and the number of days spent in the hospital. Demographic information and medical appointment attendance data were also collected. Results: EHR records indicated that NICH services were tailored to account for factors specific to IBD as well as youth and family culture. All four youths demonstrated improvements in health, and most youths evidenced reductions in acute care use and associated costs, increased engagement in recommended preventative care, and improved disease management. Conclusions: NICH is a promising intervention for youth with IBD who are experiencing disease management difficulties due to social factors and represents an alternative approach to care for this population. Implications for Impact Statement This case series examines how an alternative program to office-based services (Novel Interventions in Children’s Healthcare: NICH) could be feasibly used for youth with IBD and high social risk. Youth generally evidenced fewer acute complications and improved outpatient medical attendance, reported improved quality of life, and demonstrated reduced healthcare costs one year following NICH enrollment. Findings indicated NICH is a promising service for youth with IBD and specifically for youth with IBD from underserved and underrepresented populations.