bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural radionuclides in thermal mineral springs in Edipsos Greece
Authors: Kehagia Konstantina , Xarchoulakos Dimitrios C , Bratakos Sotirios M , Potiriadis Constantinos 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Natural thermal and mineral therapeutic springs exist all over Greece. A radiological survey has been carried out in the municipality of Edipsos to study the naturally occurring alpha emitter radionuclides, 226Ra and the uranium isotopes. Thirteen thermal spring water samples and six tap water samples which were collected from five locations in the municipality of Edipsos, were analysed and measured by a-spectrometry. The obtained results show that 238U activity varies between 2.8 ± 0.3 and 65.0 ± 5.3 mBq/L in hot springs and between 2.70 ± 0.35 and 10.6 ± 0.9 mBq/L in tap water samples. The 234U/238U activity ratio lying between 1.12 ± 0.17 and 2.12 ± 0.30 indicates enrichment in the 234U concentration that can be explained through its ability to be easily leached from mineral surfaces. The 226Ra activity concentration varies between 3.5 ± 0.4 and 1470 ± 127 mBq/L in hot springs and between 6.5 ± 0.9 and 28.2 ± 2.8 mBq/L in tap water samples. Based on these results the estimated doses in this study are below the recommended dose of 1 mSv/y.
Highlights A radiological survey was carried out in the thermal springs of Edipsos, one of the most popular spa towns in Greece. Determination of uranium isotopes and 226Ra via a-spectrometry was performed. Low uranium content was a common characteristic for all the samples.
“You Look Young! Are You a Doctor?” A Qualitative Content Analysis of Anesthesiology Resident Responses to Ageism in Clinical Encounters
Authors: Stosic Morgan D. , Blanch-Hartigan Danielle , Ruben Mollie A. , Meyer Elaine C. , Henig Ariel , Waisel David B. , Blum Richard H. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Healthcare trainees frequently report facing comments from their patients pertaining to their age. Exposure to ageist comments from patients may be related to greater stress and/or burnout in residents and may impact the quality of the resident-patient relationship. However, little empirical work has examined ageism expressed toward anesthesiology residents in clinical care, and therefore not much is known about how residents respond to these comments in practice. This research sought to determine how anesthesiology residents responded to ageist comments.

Methods
Anesthesiology residents (N = 60) engaged in a preoperative interaction with a standardized patient who was instructed to make an ageist comment to the resident. Resident responses were transcribed and coded using qualitative inductive content analysis to identify response themes.

Results
The most common resident response to the ageist comment, across gender and resident year, was to state their own experience. Some also described how they were still in training or that they were under supervision. Residents rarely reassured the patient that they would receive good care or identified the patient’s anxiety as a cause of the ageist remark.

Conclusions
These results provide a first step in understanding how ageism may be navigated by residents in clinical encounters. The authors discuss potential avenues for future research and education for responding to ageist remarks for both patients and clinicians.

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Manifestations of Annular Ligament Injuries in Children With Monteggia Fractures
Authors: Yue Junyi , Mu Weidong , Sun Zhenzhong , Tang Wei , Jiang Chuanqiang , Mu Mingzhang 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly performed in children with elbow injuries to visualize soft tissues such as the annular ligament. Herein, we investigated the MRI manifestations of annular ligament injuries in children with Monteggia fractures following attempted closed reduction.

Methods:
The clinical and imaging data of 88 children with acute Monteggia fractures treated at our hospital between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. Clinically and radiographically, 67 patients achieved radiologic reduction of the radial head at the time of MRI, whereas 21 patients had a failed closed reduction. Annular ligament injury and superior radioulnar joint congruency were analyzed qualitatively, and the maximum superior radioulnar joint gap distance was measured.

Results:
MRI manifestations of annular ligament injury were primarily characterized as varying degrees of annular ligament displacement, as follows: I degree (10 patients), the annular ligament encircled the radial head without displacement; II degree (5 patients), the annular ligament was partially displaced but visibly encircled the radial head at the level of the radial notch; and III degree (73 patients), the annular ligament was completely displaced. In 15 patients with I and II degrees annular ligament injuries, the annular ligament encircled the radial head (maximum superior radioulnar joint gap distance, 1.2±0.3 mm), showing good congruency of the superior radioulnar joint. In 73 patients with III degree annular ligament injury, the annular ligament was displaced and did not encircle the radial head (maximum superior radioulnar joint gap distance, 3.3±2.7 mm; P<0.05), showing good congruency of the superior radioulnar joint in 25 of 73 patients, and significantly poor congruency in 48 of 73 patients (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Annular ligament injuries in children with Monteggia fractures exhibit different degrees of displacement of the annular ligament. In I and II degree annular ligament injuries, the annular ligament still encircles the radial head. In III degree annular ligament injuries, the annular ligament is displaced away and is no longer around the radial head. Without the annular ligament restraining the radial head, the superior radioulnar joint is more likely to exhibit poor congruency and increased gap distance.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Outcomes of Adolescent T-condylar Fractures: Kids Do Not Always Make You Look Good
Authors: Young Jason , Hendrick Claudia , Miller Patricia E. , Vuillermin Carley B. , Yen Yi-Meng , Bauer Andrea S. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Optimal treatment for pediatric and adolescent T-condylar fractures remains poorly understood. We sought to assess how functional outcomes and range of motion (ROM) after surgical fixation of T-condylar fractures are affected by patient and surgical factors.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 52 patients with operatively treated T-condylar fractures at a single tertiary pediatric referral center between 2003 and 2021. All patients younger than 18 at the time of injury with a radiographically confirmed diagnosis were included.

Results:
Fifty-two T-condylar fractures were included, with a mean patient age of 12.9 years (SD, 2.8). The cohort was 65% male. Nine (19%) fractures were open, 46% (24/52) were AO type C2, and 33% (17/52) occurred in skeletally mature individuals. The surgical approach was through olecranon osteotomy in 29% (15/52) of patients, and fixation included anatomically specific plates and screws in 42% (22/52) of patients. In our cohort, 46% (24/52) achieved good outcomes based on Jarvis ROM criteria and 42% (22/52) achieved good to excellent results based on Roberts functional criteria. The median loss of ROM was 58 degrees at 6 weeks, 20 degrees at 3 and 6 months, and 8 degrees at 1 year postoperatively. We observed a complication rate of 54% (28/52). Patients undergoing adult-type plate fixation had better postoperative range of motion at 6 weeks (ROM loss 52 vs. 80 degrees, P=0.03) and 3 months (10 vs. 35 degrees P=0.004) compared with pediatric-type fixation and trended towards better functional outcomes. We did not identify significant differences in functional outcome scores or complication rates with respect to surgical approach or skeletal maturity.

Conclusions:
Surgical fixation of pediatric and adolescent T-condylar fractures achieved a good to excellent functional outcome in only a minority of patients (46% Jarvis / 42% Roberts) with a high rate of postoperative complications (54%). Future work is needed to elucidate optimal treatment to minimize complications and achieve the best functional outcomes in these challenging fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Level—IV
Systematic review and meta-analysis Literature-based Clinical Retrospective Analysis of Acquired Reactive Perforating Collagenosis
Authors: Hu Qing-Jie , Chen Jing-Jing , Yao Xu 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis(ARPC) is a rare dermatosis that usually associated with systemic disease. The associations, characteristics and treatment rigemen of ARPC are not well understood.This study was performed to retrospectively evaluate the diagnosis and treatment statuses of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (ARPC).

Methods:
A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases was independently performed by two reviewers. Data were extracted and qualitatively analyzed. The quality of the articles was assessed by using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The data are described in the manuscript. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42023448576.

Results:
In total, 189 patients (98 women, 91 men) in 124 studies were analyzed. Their mean age was 57.31 ± 15.21 years. A total of 88.89% (n = 168) of the patients had one or more systemic diseases, of which 57.67% (n = 109) had diabetes mellitus, 29.10% (n = 55) had chronic renal failure, 25.93% (n = 49) had hypertension, and 13.76% had malignancy (n = 26). The most frequently affected area was the lower extremities (72.49%, n = 137), followed by the trunk (70.37%, n = 133) and the upper extremities (63.49%, n = 120). One hundred sixty (84.66%) patients had pruritus, and 32.80% (n = 62) of them were positive for the Koebner phenomenon. Oral antihistamines and topical steroids were the most common treatments in this study, followed by narrow-band ultraviolet B therapy and allopurinol. Management of concomitant systemic diseases also resulted in improvement of ARPC.

Conclusion:
In this review, ARPC was frequently associated with systemic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, renal failure, hypertension, and malignancy. The lower extremities and trunk were the most frequently affected areas, and pruritus usually appeared. Antihistamines and topical steroids were the most commonly used treatments, and we recommend narrow-band ultraviolet B therapy as the first-line treatment. Management of systemic diseases and relief of pruritus should be considered simultaneously.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pancreas
Authors: Yavas Aslihan , Tan Jianyou , Sahin Ozkan Hulya , Yilmaz Funda , Reid Michelle D. , Bagci Pelin , Shi Jiaqi , Shia Jinru , Adsay Volkan , Klimstra David S. , Basturk Olca 
Published: August 2023

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) has been increasingly reported in various anatomic sites. However, it is still extremely rare in the pancreas. Herein, we present the first series of primary pancreatic SFTs. Nine cases of primary pancreatic SFTs were analyzed. The mean age was 60 years (36 to 76 y) with no sex predilection. Six tumors were in the head, 3 were in the tail. On imaging studies, tumors were described as a hypervascular mass, 2 revealed cystic areas, and 3 were favored to be neuroendocrine tumors. On biopsy, 2 cases were diagnosed as atypical spindle cell tumor; one was misdiagnosed as suspicious for sarcoma, and another case as metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Two were diagnosed as low-grade sarcoma and low-grade stromal tumor on frozen sections. Grossly, tumors were well-demarcated with a median size of 4 cm (0.9 to 15 cm). Microscopically, they were composed of ovoid to spindle tumor cells with no significant mitotic activity and were arranged in alternating hypercellular and hypocellular areas. Staghorn-like vessels and entrapped pancreatic parenchyma were also detected within all tumors. Tumor cells revealed diffuse/strong nuclear STAT6 expression in 7 of 8, CD34 in 7 of 9, and bcl-2 in 4 of 4 tested cases. One tested tumor harbored NAB2-STAT6 fusion. Eight patients with available follow-up data were free of disease at a mean follow-up of 76 months (3 to 189 mo). SFT should be considered in the differential diagnoses of mesenchymal neoplasms of the pancreas. Immunohistochemical nuclear STAT6 expression is a characteristic feature of SFT. Primary pancreatic SFTs seem to have favorable biological behavior in our series.
Systems, variational principles and interconnections in non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Authors: Gay-Balmaz François , Yoshimura Hiroaki 
Published: August 2023

The paper investigates a systematic approach to modelling in non-equilibrium thermodynamics by focusing upon the notion of interconnections, where we propose a novel Lagrangian variational formulation of such interconnected systems by extending the variational principle of Hamilton in mechanics. In particular, we show how a non-equilibrium thermodynamic system can be regarded as aninterconnected systemof primitive physical elements or subsystems throughout aninterconnection. While this approach is new in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, this idea has been known as a useful tool for the modelling of complicated systems in networks as well as in mechanics. Hence, the setting developed in this paper yields a promising direction for building a unifying description in various areas of modern science via thermodynamic principles, while being at the same time related to the early developments of variational mechanics.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 2)’.
Quantum theory only makes sense in Lazare Carnot's participatory engineering thermodynamics, a development of Leibniz's dynamics
Authors: Bristol Terry 
Published: August 2023

Feynman insisted ‘no one understands quantum theory’. Yet, experimentalists tell us quantum theory is the most successful theory in history. Quantum theory cannot be understood as a classical mechanical theory since it arose through the ‘interpolation’ of two highly successful but complementary classical mechanics: Newtonian particle mechanics and Maxwellian wave mechanics. The two-slit experiment illustrates that what is experienced depends on choice of experimental set-up. Quantum theory is properly understood within the more general framework of engineering thermodynamics. In Part One, I point to four essential characteristics of quantum theory that cannot be understood in any framework defined by the classical mechanical presuppositions of symmetry and conservation. These four characteristics are the participatory, the complementary, the indeterminate and the new non-commutative geometry. In Part Two, articulating engineering thermodynamics, I note there are two histories and two formulations of thermodynamics: Carnot's engineering thermodynamics and the ‘rational mechanical’ tradition of Clausius-Boltzmann. These four essential characteristics of quantum theory are also characteristics of engineering thermodynamics. In Part Three, I trace the precursors of Lazare Carnot's engineering thermodynamics to earlier insights of Huygens, d'Alembert, Leibniz and the Bernoullis. Leibniz brought these forth in his meta-paradigm shift from Statics to Dynamics.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 2)’.
Theories of disorder and order, energy and information, in sociological thought
Authors: Martin John Levi 
Published: August 2023

There has always been a close relation between thermodynamic theory and sociological theory, although they repeatedly part company and later rejoin. I discuss some of the most important ways in which the two have been in contact, focusing on the potential passage from theories of energy to theories of information and vice versa. I close by discussing how a closer engagement with classic thermodynamics may continue to be fruitful for sociological theorizing.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 2)’.
Non-additive entropies and statistical mechanics at the edge of chaos: a bridge between natural and social sciences
Authors: Tsallis Constantino 
Published: August 2023

The Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics constitutes one of the pillars of contemporary theoretical physics. It is constructed upon the other pillars—classical, quantum, relativistic mechanics and Maxwell equations for electromagnetism—and its foundations are grounded on the optimization of the BG (additive) entropic functionalSBG=−k∑ipiln⁡pi. Its use in the realm of classical mechanics is legitimate for vast classes of nonlinear dynamical systems under the assumption that the maximal Lyapunov exponent ispositive(currently referred to asstrong chaos), and its validity has been experimentally verified in countless situations. It fails however when the maximal Lyapunov exponentvanishes(referred to asweak chaos), which is virtually always the case with complex natural, artificial and social systems. To overcome this type of weakness of the BG theory, a generalization was proposed in 1988 grounded on the non-additive entropic functionalSq=k((1−∑ipiq)/(q−1)) (q∈R; S1=SBG). The indexqand related ones are to be calculated, whenever mathematically tractable, from first principles and reflect the specific class of weak chaos. We review here the basics of this generalization and illustrate its validity with selected examples aiming to bridge natural and social sciences.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 2)’.
Development of a thermodynamics of human cognition and human culture
Authors: Aerts D. , Aerts Argüelles J. , Beltran L. , Sozzo S. 
Published: August 2023

Inspired by foundational studies in classical and quantum physics, and by information retrieval studies in quantum information theory, we prove that the notions of ‘energy’ and ‘entropy’ can be consistently introduced in human language and, more generally, in human culture. More explicitly, if energy is attributed to words according to their frequency of appearance in a text, then the ensuing energy levels are distributed non-classically, namely, they obey Bose–Einstein, rather than Maxwell–Boltzmann, statistics, as a consequence of the genuinely ‘quantum indistinguishability’ of the words that appear in the text. Secondly, the ‘quantum entanglement’ due to the way meaning is carried by a text reduces the (von Neumann) entropy of the words that appear in the text, a behaviour which cannot be explained within classical (thermodynamic or information) entropy. We claim here that this ‘quantum-type behaviour is valid in general in human language’, namely, any text is conceptually more concrete than the words composing it, which entails that the entropy of the overall text decreases. In addition, we provide examples taken from cognition, where quantization of energy appears in categorical perception, and from culture, where entities collaborate, thus ‘entangle’, to decrease overall entropy. We use these findings to propose the development of a new ‘non-classical thermodynamic theory’ for human cognition, which also covers broad parts of human culture and its artefacts and bridges concepts with quantum physics entities.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 2)’.
BunDLe-Net: Neuronal Manifold Learning Meets Behaviour
Authors: Kumar Akshey , Gilra Aditya , Gonzalez-Soto Mauricio , Meunier Anja , Grosse-Wentrup Moritz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeuronal manifold learning techniques represent high-dimensional neuronal dynamics in low-dimensional embeddings to reveal the intrinsic structure of neuronal manifolds. A common goal of these techniques is to learn embeddings that allow a good reconstruction of the original data. We introduce a novel neuronal manifold learning technique, BunDLe-Net, that learns a low-dimensional Markovian embedding of the neuronal dynamics which pre-serves only those aspects of the neuronal dynamics that are relevant for a given behavioural context. In this way, BunDLe-Net eliminates neuronal dynamics that are irrelevant for decoding behaviour, effectively de-noising the data to reveal better the intricate relationships between neuronal dynamics and behaviour. We show that BunDLe-Net learns highly consistent manifolds across animals that reveal the building blocks of their neuronal manifolds on a variety of data sets, ranging from calcium imaging data recorded in the nematodeC. elegansto spiking data from the rat hippocampus and primate somatosensory cortex.
Eccentricity-Dependent Saccadic Reaction Time: The Roles of Foveal Magnification and Attentional Orienting
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Fries Pascal 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA hallmark of primate vision is the emphasis on foveal processing, accompanied by frequent saccades that bring the fovea to salient parts of the scene, or to newly appearing stimuli. A saccade to a new stimulus is one of the most fundamental sensory-motor transformations. In macaque monkeys, we show that foveal magnification is not only the reason for saccades, but it also affects the dynamics of saccade initiation. In a task where the monkeys made saccades to peripheral target onsets, saccadic reaction time (SRT) increased with target eccentricity. Notably, we effectively eliminated this increase by scaling the target size according to the foveal magnification factor in the superior colliculus. We repeated the comparison between non-scaled and scaled targets, while changing the task to a delayed saccade task. In this task, the target was presented long before the saccade, and the saccade was triggered by foveal fixation offset rather than target onset, such that target onset long before fixation offset was essentially irrelevant for SRT. In this task, we found that SRT increased with target eccentricity, with similar rate for both non-scaled and scaled targets. Furthermore, this increase survived the addition of a salient distracting flash resetting attention to the foveal. The results obtained with the delayed saccades task are consistent with an attentional scan from the fovea to the target, a recently hypothesized general mechanism of attention.
IBAS: Interaction-bridged association studies discovering novel genes underlying complex traits
Authors: Kossinna Pathum , Kumarapeli Senitha , Zhang Qingrun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe contribution of genetic variants to a complex phenotype may be mediated by various forms of complicated interactions. Currently, the discovery of genetic variants underlying interaction is limited, partly due to that the real interaction patterns are diverse and unknown, whereas exhaustively examining all potential combinations confers the risk of overfitting and instability. We propose IBAS, Interaction-Bridged Association Study, a new model using statistical learning techniques to extract representations of interaction patterns in transcriptome data, which act as a mediator for the next genotype-phenotype association test. Using simulated perturbation experiments, it is demonstrated that IBAS is more robust to noise than similar mediation-based protocols replying on single-genes, i.e., transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS). By applying IBAS to real genotype-phenotype and expression data, we reported additional genes underlying complex traits as well as their biological annotations. IBAS unlocks the power of integrating gene-gene interactions in association mapping without concerning overfitting and instability.