bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Edge‐Density of the Brownian Co‐Graphon and Common Ancestors of Pairs in the CRT
Authors: Chapuy Guillaume 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBassino et al. have shown that uniform random co‐graphs (graphs without induced ) of size converge to a certain non‐deterministic graphon. The edge density of this graphon is a random variable whose first moments have been computed by these authors. The first purpose of this note is to observe that, in fact, these moments can be computed by a simple recurrence relation. The problem leads us to the following question of independent interest: given i.i.d. uniform pairs of points , in the Brownian CRT, what is the size of the set formed by their pairwise last common ancestors? We show that in probability, with . The method to establish the recurrence relation is reminiscent of Janson's computation of moments of the Wiener index of (large) random trees. The logarithm factor in the convergence result comes from the estimation of Riemann sums in which summands are weighted by the integer divisor function—such sums naturally occur in the problem. We have not been able to analyze the asymptotics of moments of directly from the recurrence relation, and in fact our study of is independent from it. Several things remain to be done; in particular, we only scratch the question of large deviations of , and the precise asymptotics of moments of is left open.
Synthesis, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Anticancer Studies of 3,19‐Furfurylidene‐12(S)‐thiophenyl‐14‐deoxy‐andrographolide Against 58 Different Cell Lines of Nine Different Cancer Types
Authors: Tamang Nitesh , Pati Dipti Ranjan , Sripada Lakshminath , Nanduri Srinivas , Golakoti Nageswara Rao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract3,19‐Furfurylidene‐12(S)‐thiophenyl‐14‐deoxy‐andrographolide (12‐Ph‐S‐Fur‐ADG) was synthesized and characterized using the FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR, DEPT‐45, DEPT‐90, DEPT‐135, and 2D‐NMR (HOMO‐COSY and HSQC) and HRMS spectroscopy. A single product was obtained when sodium bicarbonate was used as a base in the reaction. The configuration at the C‐12 position was confirmed to be S configuration with the single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Comparing the theoretical and experimental bond lengths and bond angles, RMSD of 0.0336 and 1.441 were observed, respectively. The anticancer studies of the 12‐S isomer of the title compound were done against 58 cell lines of nine different cancer types at NCI. The results reveal that the synthesized compound is active against most of the cell lines, and the best activity was shown against Melanoma cancer LOX IMVI with GI50 of 1.81 µM and TGI of 4.00 µM. An epimeric mixture of 12‐S/R isomers was produced when the reaction was conducted in the presence of triethyl amine, inorganic bases like sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
Substance Use is Associated With College Students' Acute Parasympathetic Nervous System Responses to Challenge
Authors: Rahal Danny , Kwan Violet F. , Perry Kristin J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCollege students use substances for varied reasons, including to cope with stress. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) regulates bodily functions to promote energy conservation (the ‘rest and digest’ response), and individuals differ in their physiological sensitivity to challenge. It remains unclear whether greater PNS responses (i.e., declines in PNS activity, termed vagal withdrawal) to challenge could suggest difficulty regulating and thereby confer risk for using substances in community samples. We hypothesised that lower resting PNS activity and greater PNS responses to a challenge task would be associated with more frequent substance use (i.e., alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use). College students (N = 152; Mage = 20.5, SD = 3.2; 73.8% female) reported their past month frequency of substance use and completed a laboratory‐based challenge task while having an electrocardiogram administered to derive respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of PNS activity. They watched a 4‐min neutral video (resting baseline) and then traced a star with their nondominant hand while only seeing the mirror reflection of their hand (challenge). Higher resting RSA was related to more frequent cannabis use. Individuals with larger declines in RSA from the video to the task (i.e., greater PNS responses) tended to use each substance more frequently. RSA recovery from the task was not related to substance use. Taken together, college students who are more physiologically responsive to challenge may use substances more frequently, potentially as a means of coping. Biofeedback interventions can be investigated for reducing college students' substance use risk.
Recent Advances in Structural Design of Carbon/Magnetic Composites and their Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Applications
Authors: Peng Haiyang , Zhang Da , Xie Zhipeng , Lu Shuiqing , Liu Yichang , Liang Feng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectromagnetic pollution protection and military stealth technologies underscore the urgent need to develop efficient electromagnetic wave‐absorbing materials (EWAMs). Traditional EWAMs suffer from single absorption loss mechanisms, poor impedance matching, and weak reflection loss. To date, combining dielectric loss with magnetic loss in EWAMs have proven to be an effective approach to enhancing electromagnetic absorption performance. The structural design of composites plays a pivotal role in improving impedance matching and enhancing the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. It is widely regarded as one of the principal methods for fine‐tuning electromagnetic parameters and response mechanisms. Among these, composites of carbon and magnetic materials have become a research hotspot due to their magnetoelectric synergistic effects and versatile microstructure design. Herein, the principles of electromagnetic wave absorption in terms of both the loss mechanism and impedance matching are outlined. The research progress on core–shell, skeleton, and hollow structure of carbon/magnetic composite EWAMs are summarized. The synthesis methods, absorption properties, and attenuation mechanisms of composites with these structures are described in detail. Finally, the limitations of carbon/magnetic composites in electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed, possible solutions are proposed, and future development directions for carbon/magnetic composite EWAMs are envisioned.
Waterborne Recoatable Transparent Superhydrophobic Coatings with Excellent Self‐Cleaning and Anti‐Dust Performance
Authors: Tu Shuhua , Zhang Lele , Zhang Weizhen , Feng Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces have attracted tremendous attention due to their intriguing lotus‐leaf‐like water‐repelling phenomenon and wide applications, however, most superhydrophobic coatings are prepared with environmentally unfriendly organic solvents and suffer from poor mechanical strength. To solve these issues, waterborne recoatable superhydrophobic (WRSH) coatings are developed based on a novel self‐synthesized water‐soluble fluorinated acrylic polymer and hydrophobic modified silica nanoparticles. The trade‐off between waterborne and superhydrophobicity is well mediated by protonation and deprotonation of the fluorinated acrylic polymer. When the coating is damaged, it can be easily repaired and recoated using WRSH coatings without the need to remove the damaged superhydrophobic layer, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for maintaining a superhydrophobic surface. The coating exhibits good mechanical properties with the WRSH coating maintaining mechanical stability even after abrasion with 2000 mesh sandpaper for 20 m or impact from 100 g of sand. Additionally, the visible light transmittance of WRSH coating glass reaches as high as ≈94.0%, which is superior to the bare glass of ≈91.7%. Moreover, the WRSH coatings exhibit excellent self‐cleaning performance and anti‐dust performance when applied on solar panels.
Enhancing Intrusion Detection Systems With Advanced Machine Learning Techniques: An Ensemble and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) Approach
Authors: Naif Alatawi Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe increasing sophistication of cyber threats necessitates advancements in intrusion detection systems (IDS). This research introduces a novel IDS framework that integrates advanced machine learning (ML) techniques, including ensemble learning, transfer learning, and feature engineering, to enhance detection accuracy, adaptability, and interpretability. The ensemble learning component combines diverse classifiers (e.g., decision trees, k‐nearest neighbors, and logistic regression), leveraging their unique strengths to boost detection rates by 15%, achieving a final accuracy of 95%. Transfer learning is implemented by pre‐training models on related cybersecurity datasets (UNSW‐NB15, NSL‐KDD, and CICIDS2019) and fine‐tuning them on the merged dataset, effectively reducing training time by 30%. Feature engineering involves advanced techniques such as interaction features and statistical transformations, which improve the model's sensitivity and increase detection rates by 20%, especially for complex attack patterns. To enhance transparency and interpretability, this study incorporates Explainable AI (XAI) methods, specifically LIME (Local Interpretable Model‐agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). LIME approximates the local behavior of the complex model by fitting interpretable models around individual predictions, providing insights into feature contributions for specific instances. On the other hand, SHAP offers a global explanation based on cooperative game theory, assigning Shapley values to each feature to quantify their overall importance. This dual approach allows security analysts to understand the importance of local decision‐making and global features, increasing trust in the IDS predictions and aiding in identifying false positives and complex threats like zero‐day attacks. The proposed framework demonstrates robust scalability and robustness, making it capable of processing large volumes of network traffic data with minimal latency. However, challenges such as computational overhead from ensemble and XAI methods and the need for extensive labeled datasets for training were identified. The IDS framework's modular design facilitates integration with existing Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, enhancing its practical applicability in enterprise, cloud, and IoT environments. Future research directions include exploring deep learning‐based ensemble methods, real‐time adaptive learning algorithms, and applying the framework in other domains like fraud detection and healthcare. Additionally, enhancing user‐centric explanations and developing interactive interfaces for analysts could further improve the interpretability and effectiveness of the IDS.
Theoretical Investigation of Singlet Fission Processes in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Zhangxia , Xie Xiaoyu , Ma Haibo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSinglet fission (SF) is a down‐conversion photophysical process involving transforming a high‐energy singlet state into two lower‐energy triplet excitons. It has attracted extensive attention over the past two decades because of its potential to break the power conversion limit in photovoltaic devices. However, this material's complex, strongly correlated electronic properties and its various packing structures pose challenges to understanding its intrinsic mechanisms and limiting theory‐guided molecular design. In this review, we summarize our theoretical work by studying the electronic structure, exciton‐phonon structure and low‐excited state dynamics of several typical materials, clearly elucidating the microscopic mechanism of the SF process. Subsequently, based on an in‐depth understanding of the mechanism, we use the novel macrocyclic framework to design intramolecular SF candidates and hope to improve the energy conversion efficiency of SF‐based photovoltaic devices.
Strategies for Redesigning Withdrawn Drugs to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety: A Review
Authors: Patel Chirag N. , Shakeel Adeeba , Mall Raghvendra , Alawi Khadija M. , Ozerov Ivan V. , Zhavoronkov Alex , Castiglione Filippo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDrug toxicity and market withdrawals are two issues that often obstruct the lengthy and intricate drug discovery process. In order to enhance drug effectiveness and safety, this review examines withdrawn drugs and presents a novel paradigm for their redesign. In addition to addressing methodological issues with toxicity datasets, this study highlights important shortcomings in in silico drug toxicity prediction models and suggests solutions. High‐throughput screening (HTS) has greatly progressed with the advent of 3D organoid and organ‐on‐chip (OoC) technologies, which provide physiologically appropriate systems that replicate the structure and function of human tissue. These systems provide accurate, human‐relevant data for drug development, toxicity evaluation, and disease modeling, overcoming the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures and animal models. Their integration into HTS pipelines has shown to have a major influence, promoting drug redesign efforts and enabling improved accuracy in preclinical research. The potential of fragment‐based drug discovery to enhance pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) when combined with conventional techniques is highlighted in this study. The limits of animal models are discussed, with a focus on the need of bioengineered humanized systems such OoC technologies and 3D organoids. To improve drug candidate screening and simulate real illnesses, advanced models are crucial. This leads to improved target affinity and fewer adverse effects.
Hypothesis for Molecular Evolution in the Pre‐Cellular Stage of the Origin of Life
Authors: Wang Yong , Du Yiling 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLife was originated from inorganic world and had experienced a long period of evolution in about 3.8 billion years. The time for emergence of the pioneer creations on Earth is debatable nowadays, and how the scenario for the prebiotic molecular interactions is still mysterious. Before the spreading of cellular organisms, chemical evolution was perhaps prevailing for millions of years, in which inorganic biosynthesis was ultimately replaced by biochemical reactions. Understanding the major molecular players and their interactions toward cellular life is fundamental for current medical science and extraterrestrial life exploration. In this review, we propose a road map for the primordial molecular evolution in early Earth, which probably occurred adjacent to hydrothermal vents with a strong gradient of organic molecules, temperature, and metal contents. Natural selection of the macromolecules with strong secondary structures and catalytic centers is associated with decreasing of overall entropy of the biopolymers. Our review may shed lights into the important selection of gene‐coding RNA with secondary structures from large amounts of random biopolymers and formation of ancient ribosomes with biological machines supporting the basic life processes. Integration of the free environmental ribosomes by the early cellular life as symbiotic molecular machines is probably the earliest symbiosis on Earth.
Evaluation of common trap types for capturing wild pigs
Authors: Taylor Charles R. , Buxton Lauren , Beasley James C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most ecologically harmful invasive vertebrates globally. Due to their negative impacts, wild pig populations are managed via trapping, yet studies investigating various trap designs have been limited in duration, location, and number of trappers. Using data from professional trappers across the southeastern U.S., we evaluated the performance of 3 wild pig trap types (corral, drop, passive net), and the effect of forage season (barren, green‐up, masting) on trapping success. Specifically, we compared trap effectiveness (estimated proportion of targeted wild pigs caught per capture event), trap night effort (number of days to first catch), and the amount of bait and time used per individual take over the lifetime of each trap location across the 3 trap types and forage seasons. Across >850 capture events by 31 trappers, all 3 trap types evaluated were effective at capturing entire social groups of wild pigs. Few differences were observed among trap types, although drop traps in masting season captured a greater estimated proportion of wild pigs per capture event compared to other trap type‐season combinations. Our data also revealed that passive net traps required slightly more bait/wild pig captured than drop traps but there was no difference in the time/wild pig captured among traps. Our findings demonstrate that when operated by wildlife professionals, multiple designs of wild pig traps can be effective at removing targeted groups of wild pigs. Further, our results offer insights regarding the performance of wild pig trap types across seasons that can be used to inform wild pig trapping programs.
CBL Framework Today and CBL Learning Outcomes
Authors: Dikilitaş Kenan , Marshall Tim , Shahverdi Masoumeh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter has two parts. The first part explores the contemporary framework of CBL and the three phases of CBL: Engage, Investigate, and Act with a detailed guide to the mini-activities within each phase and practical examples. It details how to develop a challenge starting with team formation and choosing a big idea, through to the implementation of a solution in the final phase. The second part is a review of research that explores learning outcomes in CBL. These outcomes focus on engagement, motivation, communication, collaboration, and teamwork.
Warum sind Medien ein besonderes Gut?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung

Gütereigenschaften, Medien als Wirtschaftsgut, Medien als Kulturgut, Marktversagen, Selbstbeschreibung der Gesellschaft
Effect of plug shape on forming square tube by expansion drawing
Authors: Kato Yusuke , Zhang Shiliang , Kuboki Takashi , Akiyama Masayoshi , Kajikawa Shohei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study clarifies the plug shape for forming a square tube with high dimensional accuracy from a circular tube using expansion drawing, with the effects of plug parameters — width, corner angle, and corner radius of the plug — on the thickness distribution and dimensional accuracy of the drawn tube (aluminum alloy 1070) evaluated using finite element analysis and experiments. When the plug width was large, local thinning occurred at the corners of the drawn tube; when the plug width was small, a gap appeared between the plug and the drawn tube. Local thinning and gaps can be suppressed by decreasing the half-angle. In addition, the local thinning at the corner of the drawn tube increased when the corner radius was small. The experimental results were consistent with the analysis results. An evaluation based on Japanese industrial standards showed that both the experimental and analytical results of the drawn tubes met these standards.
Transitioning from the safety of the womb to the outside world for neonates with life-threatening cardiovascular conditions: The IMmediate Postpartum Access to Cardiac Therapy (IMPACT) Procedure
Authors: Padiyath Asif , Lynch Jennifer M. , Montenegro Lisa M. , Nicolson Susan C. , Nelson Olivia , Szwast Anita L. , Shillingford Amanda J. , Falkensammer Christine B. , Savla Jill J. , Moldenhauer Julie , Khalek Nahla , Rychik Jack 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The IMmediate Postpartum Access to Cardiac Therapy (IMPACT) procedure is a multidisciplinary, collaborative, highly coordinated clinical service in which a planned delivery and intensive neonatal care are offered for conditions where there is a high likelihood of postnatal instability. This process includes prenatal consultation with the parent(s), involving each service engaged with the delivery, postnatal resuscitation, and procedural care. A Cesarean section delivery is planned in an operating room with immediate access to a multifunctional procedural suite where the neonate can undergo rapid cardiac evaluation and initiation of interventional treatments which can have a positive, life-saving impact. This review describes the details of this unique procedure and multidisciplinary program at one institution.
Prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and evaluation of pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study
Authors: Eminov Elmin , Eminov Ayşe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
According to the World Health Organization, adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancies of women aged 19 and below. The study aims to analyze the rates of adolescent pregnancies and maternal and fetal outcomes among births within the hospital and compare them with adult pregnancies.

Methods
The study is conducted retrospectively in one of Turkey’s socio-economically underdeveloped provinces. The study comprises 16,985 women: 1719 adolescents and 15,266 adults who gave birth in the hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2023. All data were recorded in the SPSS 28.0 program, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Chi-Square test, ANOVA, and Independent Simple T-test were applied to analyze the data.

Results
In the study, the adolescent pregnancy rate is found to be 10,1%. The mean maternal age (p = 0.000), gravida (p = 0.000), parity (p = 0.000), and number of abortions (p = 0.002) are significantly higher in the adult group. No difference is found between the groups in terms of gestational age (p = 0.067). Newborn birth weight was significantly higher in the adult group (p = 0.000). Cesarean section rates are higher in the adult group (p = 0.001). No difference is found in terms of stillbirth rates. No difference is found between the groups in terms of pre-eclampsia (p = 0.792). No difference is found between the groups in terms of preterm birth (p = 0.664).

Conclusion
In conclusion, it came out that, according to the results of the study, the rates of premature birth, pre-eclampsia, and stillbirth in adolescents and the first and fifth-minute Apgar scores are similar to adults. However, newborn birth weights are lower in the babies of adolescent pregnant women. In addition, cesarean section rates are higher in the adult group.
Developing grid-forming converter controller DLL for real-time HIL simulations
Authors: Singh Utkarsh , Singh Ravi , Popov Marjan , Lekić Aleksandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge on the development of a controller model into a black box dynamically-linked library (DLL) file which can be flexibly tested with a power system model through a real-time co-simulation platform. Developing a test bed to demonstrate the performance and compliance analysis enhances the approval of novel control and protection strategies. This paper presents the development of a controller DLL and a test bench that integrates this DLL with a real-time simulator. The DLL contains a previously developed grid-forming controller for the type‑3 wind turbine and works in co-simulation with the power system model on Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) in real-time.