bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent Action of Thymus and Bone Marrow Cells During the Secondary Response of Direct Plaque-Forming Cells
Authors: Jehn Ulrich W. , Karlin Lawrence 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thymocytes and bone marrow cells from normal mice or from mice primed with SRBC were used to repopulate heavily irradiated mice. The recipients were challenged with SRBC and the PFC formed in their spleens were enumerated. The thymus-marrow synergism characteristic of unprimed cells was not found when primed cells were used in the restoring inoculum. Thymocytes and marrow cells from primed mice were each capable of restoring immunocompetence in the recipients, and in contrast with the corresponding cells from unprimed animals they appeared to react immunologically as independent units.
Antigenic Markers on Cells Leaving Calf Thymus by Way of the Efferent Lymph and Venous Blood
Authors: Williams R. Michael , Chanana A. D. , Cronkite E. P. , Waksman Byron H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A significant proportion of lymphoid cells which leave the calf thymus by the efferent lymph or blood have thymus-specific antigen (BTA) in their cell membrane. These were found to be larger than the majority of BTA-positive cells within the thymus. Similar cells were not observed in arterial blood, thoracic duct lymph or prescapular lymph nodes.
The Response in Rabbits to Prolonged Immunization with Type III Pneumococci
Authors: Kimball John W. , Pappenheimer A. M. , Jaton Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Every rabbit in a group of 17 animals immunized with formalinized type III pneumococci produced type-specific antibody of restricted electrophoretic heterogeneity. The critical factor in eliciting this response appears to be repeated antigenic stimulation over a period of many weeks rather than a particular genetic constitution of the animals. Over long periods of time and with continued immunization, restricted components appear and disappear as shown by 1) the appearance and disappearance of antibody populations of a distinct, restricted electrophoretic mobility and 2) the parallel behavior of the corresponding light chains. Two animals that produced extraordinarily high concentrations of antibodies (43 and 68 mg/ml of serum) showed clinical signs strikingly similar to those associated with multiple myeloma in man.
Differential Effects of Local Lymphoid Irradiation on Delayed Hypersensitivity and the Serum Antibody Response in Rats: Antigen Injection before X-Rays
Authors: Eltringham James R. , Weissman Irving L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Several time-dependent dissociations of the cellular (delayed hypersensitivity response, DHR) and humoral (hemolysin and hemagglutinin tests) responses in rats occurred following irradiation of the draining regional lymph nodes (460 R on two consecutive days or 920 R on one day) at various times after local sensitization with antigen (sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) plus Freund's complete adjuvant). The rats were also locally challenged with SRBC alone on day 9. Thus, irradiation on day 1 or 2 following initial sensitization led to augmentation of the serum hemolysin response and a slight inhibition of DHR. Irradiation on day 3 or 4 selectively inhibited the humoral response, whereas irradiation on day 6 through 8 selectively inhibited DHR. Finally, irradiation on day 9 was ineffective in inhibiting or augmenting either response.
Binding of a Polypeptide Antigen to Ribonucleic Acid from Macrophage, HeLa and Escherichia Coli Cells
Authors: Roelants Georges E. , Goodman Joel W. , McDevitt Hugh O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A synthetic branched polypeptide, (T,G)-A-L, formed complexes with RNA which banded at densities lower than that of pure RNA in cesium sulfate gradients after equilibrium centrifugation. In different experiments, the minor bands appeared at densities ranging from 1.56 to 1.63 whereas pure RNA banded at a reproducible density of 1.68. The presence of minor bands was independent of the addition of (T,G)-A-L, but when (T,G)-A-L was added to cell homogenates prior to extraction of RNA, the minute fraction of polypeptide that remained associated with RNA in the gradients was concentrated in the minor bands. The formation of minor bands was independent of the cell type, since they formed to the same extent when peritoneal exudate cells, HeLa cells or E. coli cells were used. Minor bands were not found when RNA was extracted with hot rather than cold phenol. RNA had a pronounced adjuvant effect in priming CSW (responder) mice for immune responses to (T,G)-A-L, but E. coli RNA was at least as effective in this respect as RNA from peritoneal cells. No support was found for the existence of a ribonucleoprotein fraction unique to macrophages.
Nephritogenic Glycoprotein
Authors: Shibata Sehchi , Nagasawa Toshihiko , Miyakawa Yuzo , Naruse Takuji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rats that were given a single injection in the hind footpads of homologous (watersoluble) renal glycoprotein and Freund's complete (or incomplete) adjuvant developed typical proliferative glomerulonephritis. Proteinuria and morphologic changes of glomerulonephritis continued until death of the animals (the longest period of observation was 12.5 months after injection). The glycoprotein was isolated and purified from rat glomerular basement membrane and had previously been reported from our laboratory to induce nephrotoxic antibody. Immunization of rats with as little as 5 µg of the glycoprotein in Freund's complete adjuvant effectively induced typical proliferative glomerulonephritis. The nephritis could be transferred to previously healthy recipients with the eluate obtained from nephritic kidneys.
Antibody Plaque Responses of Mice Given Vibrio cholerae Antigen as Neonates
Authors: Sajid Mohammad A. , McAlack Robert F. , Cerny Jan , Friedman Herman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neonatal mice were given multiple doses of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen derived from Vibrio cholerae to induce immunologic tolerance. A direct vibriolytic plaque assay was used to enumerate specific antibody-producing cells to these organisms. Marked suppression occurred in mice given low and high doses, whereas intermediate doses often led to an enhanced response. Normal mice had no “background” antibody-forming cells but many plaque-forming cells (PFC) developed in the spleens of antigen-treated mice before challenge immunization.
It was possible to distinguish between antibody-forming cells to the type-specific and the common somatic antigen. After challenge immunization most antibody-forming cells in spleens of control mice had specificity to the type-specific B antigen, whereas mice injected with LPS as neonates showed a suppression of the anti-B response, the number of anti-A PFC being either unaffected or enhanced. Most of the immunosuppression seemed directed to the major type-specific antigen present in the LPS extract. Concomitant stimulation of antibody-producing cells to the common antigen appeared to reflect its presence in smaller “contaminant” amounts. There was little correlation between serum titers and the number of antibody-forming cells.
Stabilization of Mutant Catalase by Complex Formation with Antibody to Normal Catalase
Authors: Feinstein Robert N. , Jaroslow Bernard N. , Howard Judith B. , Faulhaber Joann T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study concerns a mouse strain which is mutant with respect to blood and tissue catalase. The mutant catalase is abnormally sensitive to heat and extraordinarily sensitive to mild alkalinity. Antisera prepared by immunizing rabbits to the blood of normal mice stabilize the mutant catalases against the effect of heat and alkaline pH. As a result of this stabilization, the antigen-antibody complex exhibits a greater catalatic activity than was originally added, i.e., an apparent activation.
Hypersensitivity to Ascaris Antigens
Authors: Strejan Gill , Campbell Dan H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit sera containing relatively high titers of anti-Ascaris homocytotropic antibodies were fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Anti-Ascaris Hc antibodies were recovered from Sephadex G-200 in the ascending portion of the IgG peak, and from DEAE-cellulose in a peak eluted with 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5. Absorption of the IgG component from an Hc antibody-rich fraction had no effect on the intensity of the homologous PCA reaction. Incubation of either whole serum or of isolated fractions at 56°C for 2 or 5 hr brought about only partial inactivation of Hc antibodies, indicating that Hc antibodies with different sensitivities to heat may coexist in the same serum and display similar if not identical gel filtration, chromatographic and electrophoretic properties.
Early Accumulation of Antibody Plaque-Forming Cells in Mouse Spleens Lacking a Pre-Existing Immune Background
Authors: Cerny Jan , McAlack Robert F. , Sajid Mohammed A. , Fronton Jackie , Friedman Herman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The early cellular events occurring during antibody formation to Vibrio cholerae somatic antigens were studied in the mouse spleen using a direct vibriolytic plaque assay in agar gel with viable bacteria as the indicator. Plaque-forming cells (PFC) with specificity for either the common A antigen or the type specific B antigen were distinguished by use of appropriate indicator strains of bacteria. No background of PFC to either of these antigens was detectable in spleens of normal non-immunized mice. Immunization with a relatively low dose of antigen (5 µg) resulted in appearance of the first PFC 42 to 46 hr later. There were consistently 9 to 10 PFC in the spleens of mice at this time, four of which were of anti-A specificity and five to six of anti-B specificity. Further accumulation of the cells was non-linear. There was a fivefold increase in the number of PFC at 48 hr, followed by a plateau between 48 and 60 hrt. A third increase, again about fivefold, occurred at 62 hr. Use of a higher dose of angien (500 µg) resulted in a longer latent period before appearance of the first PFC. This seemed due to a “masking” of PFC by excess antigen. Furthermore, no “staircase” accumulation was observed; in contrast there was a more rapid increase in the number of PFC, with periodic “waves.” The early differentiation of PFC could be inhibited by administration of various metabolic inhibitors of DNA between 24 and 36 hr after immunization. This suggests that DNA synthesis occurs during the latent period. The inhibitors had less, if any, effect when administered earlier after immunization.
Communications
Authors: Fauci Anthony S. , Johnson John S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antigenic competition is an immunologic phenomenon whereby the immunization of an animal with two antigens either simultaneously or in close sequence results in a decreased response to one or both antigens (1). Recently, studies of antigenic competition using two chemically defined haptenic determinants (2, 3) showed that when two haptens conjugated to the same or different protein carriers and emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were simultaneously injected into the same footpads of rabbits, the specific antibody response to one or both haptens was diminished. Since precipitating antibody was determined at 13 and 20 days, responses being measured were predominantly 7S or IgG antibody.
Localized hemolysis-in-gel (LHG) techniques (4) facilitate the study of antibody production at the cellular level. Merchant and Hraba extended this technique to study antibody production against simple haptens (5, 6). Using the LHG technique, we describe the phenomenon of antigenic competition to haptenic determinants at the cellular level in rabbit lymph nodes.
Nonspecific Arbovirus Hemagglutinin Inhibitors in Turtle Sera
Authors: Yuill Thomas M. , Brandt Walter E. , Buescher Edward L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test has been used extensively to document the presence of antibodies to various arboviruses in man and animals; its interpretation assumes that the observed HI reaction is due to viral antibody. That this is not always so has been reported for large numbers of hens (50% of 422 tested) and “antibody” for western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus (1), but only for a small number of turtles (1% to 2% of 166) reacting nonspecifically with eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus (2). During a period of EEE virus dissemination on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, substantial numbers of turtle sera inhibited EEE but not WEE hemagglutinins. Moreover, seroconversions in some of these turtles led us to believe initially that they might be naturally infected. While subsequent tests of these sera showed no neutralizing antibody, the apparent seroconversions by HI test were unexplained.
Selective Inhibition of Plaque-Forming Cells by Bursa-Specific Antisera
Authors: Potworowski E. F. , Richer G. , Borduas A. , Forget A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The distinct role played in birds by the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius in the ontogenesis of the immune response is now well documented (1). Recently, the characterization of the lymphocytes of these two organs by their antigenic specificities has further emphasized their individuality (2). Their respective functional identity could also be demonstrated by selective immunologic inhibition. Thymus-specific antisera were shown to inhibit the graft-versus-host reaction elicited by buffy coat cells on chicken chorioallantoic membranes, whereas bursa-specific antisera had but little effect on that reaction (3). In the present work, we report that bursa-specific antisera can inhibit hemolytic plaque formation in spleen cell preparations while thymus-specific antisera have virtually no inhibiting effect.
The antisera, prepared by immunizing rabbits with fresh thymic and bursal lymphocytes from young chicks, were rendered organ-specific by cross-absorption. Full details of the immunizing schedule, absorptions of antisera and organ-specificity assay have been reported previously (2, 3).
Immunoglobulin Determinants on Mouse Lymphocytes
Authors: Jones G. , Torrigiani G. , Roitt I. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific antisera to mouse light chains and to each mouse Ig subclass were radiolabeled with 125I and used to detect surface Ig determinants on mouse lymphocytes by autoradiography. Light chain determinants were demonstrated on 34%, 29%, 18% and 4% of the lymphocytes in blood, spleen, lymph node and thymus, respectively. The total percentage of cells possessing heavy chain specificities in blood, spleen and lymph node agreed with that of cells bearing light chain determinants, suggesting that individual lymphocytes are restricted to one Ig subclass. Depletion of thymusdependent lymphocytes by thymectomy and anti-lymphocyte serum produced marked increase in the percentage of cells bearing surface Ig, suggesting that these cells belong to the thymus-independent population of lymphocytes.
Rabbit Platelet Injury by Soluble Antigen and Antibody
Authors: Marney Samuel R. , Des Prez Roger M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experiments with the sodium and magnesium salts of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and ethylene-glycol-diamino-ethyl-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) demonstrated that only MgEDTA fails to inhibit amine release from rabbit platelets by soluble antigen and antibody when present in a concentration just exceeding that of ionized calcium. Thus this reaction required ionized calcium in a concentration greater than 10-8 M. Addition of 10 mM EDTA to the reaction mixture interrupted amine release after it had begun. Recalcification so as to neutralize the EDTA caused amine release to resume, suggesting that this process may have a requirement for calcium ion other than for its role in the complement sequence. Incubation of platelets with antigen and antibody in the presence of EDTA caused “sensitization” of the platelets, presumably by attachment of immune complex. Platelets “sensitized” in this fashion released amine after washing and resuspension in intact, nonchelated plasma containing no antigen or antibody. The separation of platelet injury by soluble antigen and antibody into a sensitization phase and a release phase was not reported previously.
Complement Fixation in Conventional and Regressing Virus-Induced Murine Leukemia
Authors: Rich Marvin A. , Karl Seung , Clymer Rodney 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunization of Swiss mice with conventional strains of murine leukemia virus did not elicit an appreciable humoral complement fixation (CF) response. In contrast, CF antibody was observed in mice infected with a virus that induced a spontaneously regressing leukemia. After infection with regressing Friend virus, (RFV), CF antibody was present in mice in which leukemia had regressed but was absent in leukemic mice. CF antibody elicited by RFV cross-reacted with other strains of murine leukemia virus.
Antibody Weight Estimates at the Nanogram Level
Authors: Revoltella Roberto , Adler Louise T. , Osler Abraham G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A method is described for weight estimates of anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies in the nanogram range. The procedure is based on the interaction of the antibody preparation with a relatively large molar excess of the intensely iodinated dinitrophenylated dipeptide, DNP-L-lys,L-tyr,125I. The hapten-antibody complex may be precipitated equally well by 45% saturated ammonium sulfate or a goat antiserum to rabbit γ globulins. Data are given to indicate some of the parameters governing the results, the effect of albumin and the methods of calculation.
Enzymes Produced by a Pseudomonas Species Which Inactivate Inhibitors of Certain Viral Hemagglutinins
Authors: Schmidt Nathalie J. , Gee Pinkie S. , Dennis Juanita , Lennette Edwin H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Elastase and phospholipase C which were purified from cultures of a psychrophylic Pseudomonas sp. were examined for ability to inactivate certain viral hemagglutinin inhibitors present in human sera. Both enzymes were required for inactivation of enterovirus and reovirus inhibitors, but adenovirus inhibitors were inactivated by the elastase alone. The Pseudomonas sp. elastase had much greater inhibitor-destroying activity than did pancreatic elastase or Flavobacterium elastase; the activity of the Pseudomonas sp. phospholipase C was comparable to that of phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens. Cohn fraction III-0 (containing predominantly β lipoprotein) and fraction IV-1 (containing predominantly α lipoprotein) both inhibited enterovirus hemagglutinins. Immunoelectrophoretic studies showed that the combination of Pseudomonas elastase and phospholipase C produced marked alterations in both the α1 and β lipoproteins in human sera. Kaolin absorption also removed both α1 and β lipoproteins. Both of these treatments inactivate enterovirus HA inhibitors. Treatment of sera with heparin-MnCl2 or dextran sulfate-CaCl2, which precipitate β lipoproteins, removed only a portion of the inhibitory activity for enterovirus hemagglutinins. These findings suggest that enterovirus hemagglutinin inhibitors are present in both α and β lipoproteins of human sera.
Atypical Fluorescence in the Fluorescent Treponemal-Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS) Test Related to Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Antibodies
Authors: Kraus Stephen J. , Haserick John R. , Logan Leslie C. , Bullard Janice C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two distinct patterns of fluorescent treponemal-antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test fluorescence have been observed in sera from certain presumably nonsyphilitic patients with lupus erythematosus (LE); the entire Treponema pallidum antigen fluoresces (homogeneous pattern), or intermittent beads of fluorescence are present along the length of the treponeme (beaded pattern). In LE sera, the factor responsible for the homogeneous pattern was an IgG antibody occurring in titers up to 1:1280. Antibodies that produced the beaded pattern were present in similar titers, but they were distributed among immunoglobulin classes IgG, IgA and IgM. The occurrence of beaded FTA-ABS fluorescence was statistically associated with the presence of anti-nucleoprotein, anti-DNA and LE cell factors. The reaction that results in beaded FTA-ABS fluorescence was inhibited by incubating sera with DNA or nucleoprotein or by treating the T. pallidum antigen with DNAase. Anti-DNA antibody therefore appears to be responsible for the beaded FTA-ABS fluorescence reactions with sera from certain LE patients.
Serum Allotype Loss Due to a Lymphoid Tumor in Chickens
Authors: David C. S. , Fletcher O. J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A rapidly growing transplantable lymphoid tumor in chickens caused the disappearance of selected allotype antigens at the a and c loci, which are presumed to control IgA. Two possible explanations are 1) molecules carrying the allotypes bind to the neoplastic cells, thereby enhancing tumor growth, and 2) the tumor virus infiltrates specific stem cells preventing further differentiation.
Detection of Morphine by Hemagglutination-Inhibition
Authors: Adler Frank L. , Liu Chi-Tan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The production of antibodies reactive with morphine and a radioimmunoassay sensitive to 0.5 ng of the drug has been recently described (1). This note confirms these findings and describes a rapid, simple and inexpensive hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test of equal or greater sensitivity which appears to be adaptable to the screening of large numbers of urine specimens with a minimum of effort and equipment.
The immune serum used in the experiments to be described was obtained from a rabbit 4 weeks after a first injection with 1.0 mg of a conjugate of carboxymethylmorphine (CMM) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant and 1 week after a booster of another 1.0 mg. While the immunizing antigen was kindly donated by Dr. C. W. Parker, preparations of CMM and their conjugates used in the in vitro work and in the immunization of additional rabbits were prepared by us according to Spector and Parker and the references cited in their article (1).
Comparative Ligand-Binding by Purified Nurse Shark Natural Antibodies and Anti-2,4-Dinitrophenyl Antibodies from Other Species
Authors: Voss Edward W. , Rudikoff Stuart , Sigel M. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A population of 19S IgM specific for the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group was purified from normal nurse shark sera by immune precipitation with high concentrations of dinitrophenylated protein antigens. Hapten-binding properties of the purified antibody were difficult to measure in equilibrium dialysis because of the apparent low affinity of the antibody combining sites. Fluorescence quenching and spectral shift studies revealed significant binding with the bis-α, ε-DNP-l-lysine ligand but not with mono-ε-DNP-l-lysine. Comparative binding studies with these two ligands in the fluorescence quenching assay indicated that the combining sites of purified natural shark antibody resembled low-affinity, antigen-induced antibody in shark and other species. Qmax determinations and fluorometric titrations with antibody subunits indicated that binding of bis-α, ε-DNP-l-lysine was specific for the antibody combining sites.