bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field orientation dependence of planar tunneling spectroscopy in the superconducting state of NbSe2
Authors: Ji Yu , Dong Zehao , Wang Hao , Li Qingyang , Ye Shusen , Gao Zhiting , Hao Zhenqi , Wang Yayu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLayered superconductors exhibit strong anisotropic responses to magnetic fields in out-of-plane and in-plane orientations, due to their distinct vortex structures and upper critical field values. Here, we utilize the planar tunnel junction technique to perform continuous magnetic field-dependent dI/dV spectroscopy measurements on 2H-NbSe2 under different field orientations. We observe characteristic kink features for weak in-plane magnetic fields, but the overall behaviors are quite similar for different field orientations despite the distinct vortex generation processes and widely different upper critical field values. Especially, the generic square root dependence of the Fermi level density of state on magnetic field indicates that the Doppler shift plays a central role in the low energy excitations of 2H-NbSe2 in the presence of magnetic field.
Sustainability and 3D concrete printing: identifying a need for a more holistic approach to assessing environmental impacts
Authors: Heywood Kate , Nicholas Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to identify the current status of research in 3D concrete printing (3DCP), locate the sustainability considerations relevant to these trajectories, and to identify a gap in knowledge and future research challenge regarding the sustainability of 3DCP. To categorize the broad range of research topics within 3DCP, the paper introduces an assessment framework that subdivides this field into three sub-fields: material science, computational design, and structure and performance. Common sustainability considerations are identified for each of these sub-fields. As a result of this analysis, a lack of critical assessments on claims about the sustainability and environmental impacts of 3DCP is identified.Our survey of literature, and its analysis via this framework, finds that whilst certain sustainability aspects are highlighted, other measures and considerations are skimmed over, or omitted. It is found that whilst material optimization and the ability to create formwork-free, complex forms is noted as a main argument for the implementation of 3DCP, this claim is largely unsupported by reference or reported outcomes, and the environmental impacts are often only briefly discussed. There is a clear need for a holistic view on the sustainability issues which surround 3DCP.This paper further highlights the lack of comprehensive assessment tools and metrics for measuring the environmental impact of 3DCP and concludes that further research must be done to develop these tools, to allow architects to integrate 3DCP into sustainability-oriented design workflows. Our paper concludes that the development of these tools will lead to a more comprehensive understanding on the environmental sustainability of 3DCP, allowing research resources to be focused within each field to ensure 3DCP continues to develop in a sustainable way.
The importance of financial literacy and its impact on financial wellbeing
Authors: Lusardi Annamaria , Messy Flore-Anne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this editorial, we provided an overview of the papers in the inaugural issue of the Journal of Financial Literacy and Wellbeing. They cover topics that are at the center of academic research, from the effects of financial education in school and the workplace to the importance of financial literacy for the macro-economy. They also cover financial inclusion and how financial literacy can promote the use of basic financial instruments, such as bank accounts. Moreover, they cover financial decision making in the context of complex instruments, such as mortgages, reverse mortgages, and crypto assets. The papers all share similar findings: financial literacy is low and often inadequate for making the types of financial decisions that are required today. Moreover, financial literacy is particularly low among already vulnerable groups. Importantly, financial literacy matters: it helps people make savvy financial decisions, including being less influenced by framing, better understand information that is provided to them, better understand the workings of insurance, and being more comfortable using basic financial instruments. In a nutshell, financial literacy improves financial wellbeing.
Participatory action research with Inuit societies: A scoping review
Authors: Hervé Caroline , Laneuville Pascale , Lapointe Luc 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Participatory methods have become essential for research with Indigenous Arctic peoples. To understand how researchers use such methods, we conducted a scoping review of participatory action research (PAR)—a classic qualitative methodology—with Inuit communities. Although other systematic reviews exist on participatory methodologies in the Arctic, our scoping review is the only one focusing only on the Inuit.
We reviewed 11 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2019 in peer-reviewed journals. Most of them had been conducted with Canadian Inuit. Although the authors came from a variety of disciplines, the studies were mostly about the health and well-being of Inuit communities. The authors did not use the same definition of PAR, but their definitions did share some key components: Inuit participation, Inuit engagement and a goal of social change. There were also a variety of methodologies of research and forms of Inuit participation, although the photovoice method was frequent.
Scoping reviews are most often used in the natural sciences. This one was a challenge because we were using it in the social sciences and because it concerned PAR, an approach with different definitions and uses. A remaining question is how to assess such a method, either by peers or by other stakeholders.
Drivers of Physical and Biological Frontal Variability in the Northern California Current System
Authors: Jamil A. L. , Kavanaugh M. T. , Spitz Y. H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOceanic fronts mark the boundary between two water masses and are often sites of complex bio‐physical processes and multi‐trophic level interactions, making them particularly important features in marine ecosystems. As global climate change induces multi‐scale shifts in the driving physical mechanisms of fronts, spatiotemporal tracking of frontal variability can aid in efforts to understand the downstream effects on marine biodiversity and ecosystem structure. Here we focus on fronts within the dynamic northern extent of the California Current System (NCC). We derived mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) fronts across the NCC region from 4‐km MODIS‐Aqua L3 daily fields over 2003–2019. Mesoscale physical (SST) and biological (chl‐a) fronts were often adjacent and coherent in their seasonal and interannual occurrence frequencies, but were spatially decoupled. SST fronts were most frequent and broadly distributed offshore while chl‐a fronts mostly occurred along the continental shelf break, particularly from Vancouver Island to central Oregon. Additionally, we employed a standardized multiple linear regression analysis to quantify the relative influence of local‐ and basin‐scale processes on frontal variability in the NCC. Local wind stress and wind stress curl variability were the most influential drivers of fronts over the shelf, while basin‐scale climate variability (i.e., climate oscillations) significantly drove frontal occurrences along the shelf break and offshore. Given predictions in the intensification of coastal upwelling in systems such as the NCC, our results indicate that oceanic response to climate change driven atmospheric variability will significantly impact the NCC marine ecosystem on the mesoscale.
Composition and Flux of Dissolved and Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen in the Lower Tocantins River
Authors: Neu Vania , da S. Araújo Maria G. , Guedes Victor M. , Ward Nicholas D. , Ribeiro Maridalva M. , Richey Jeffrey E. , Krusche Alex V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Tocantins River contributes ∼5% of the total flux of water to the Amazon River plume in the Atlantic Ocean. Here, we evaluate monthly variability in the composition and abundance of carbon, nitrogen, and suspended sediment in the lower reaches of the Tocantins River from 2014 to 2016. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations generally increased during periods of high discharge and are ∼1.5 times lower than average concentrations at the mouth of the Amazon River. Dissolved inorganic carbon similarly increased during periods of high discharge. Total dissolved nitrogen and individual nitrogen species followed a similar temporal pattern, increasing during high water. predominated the dissolved inorganic nitrogen pool, followed by , and , characteristic of environments with a relatively low anthropogenic impact. Dissolved fractions represented 92% of the total carbon exported and 78% of the total nitrogen exported. The suspended particulate sediment flux was 2.72 × 106 t yr−1, with fine suspended sediment dominating (71.3%). Concentrations of carbon relative to nitrogen indicate a primarily terrigenous source of organic matter and CO2 derived from in situ respiration of this material during the rainy season and a primarily algal/bacterial source of organic matter during the dry season. Considering past estimates of dissolved carbon and nitrogen fluxes from the Amazon River to the Atlantic Ocean, the Tocantins River contributes 3% and 3.7% to total fluxes to the Amazon River plume region, respectively. While this contribution is relatively small, it may be influenced by future changes to the basin's land use and hydrology.
Developing a Physics‐Informed Deep Learning Model to Simulate Runoff Response to Climate Change in Alpine Catchments
Authors: Zhong Liangjin , Lei Huimin , Gao Bing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate change has rapidly degraded the cryosphere in alpine headwaters, altering the runoff regime of alpine watersheds and threatening water security worldwide. To precisely simulate runoff response to climate change in alpine catchments, we took the source region of the Yellow River as a case to develop a physics‐informed deep learning (DL) model that tightly hybridizes DL with the physics of dominant hydrological processes, including the neural network‐based coupling of soil freeze‐thaw physics inspired by the Stefan equation. A physics‐informed DL model without soil freeze‐thaw representation was also established as a benchmark. Results demonstrated the former model's superiority in capturing streamflow's inter‐annual dynamics and reproducing baseflow recession properties caused by soil freeze‐thaw when average temperature rises by 1°C. This emphasizes the importance of the physics of dominant hydrological processes for DL to make credible runoff projections under rapid climate change. Furthermore, we comprehensively compared the physics‐informed DL model with a lumped model, physically‐based distributed model, and standard DL model, showing that the physics‐informed DL model performs best in simulating streamflow at multi‐timescales and the impacts of soil freeze‐thaw on runoff, and is more capable of simulating runoff relative change and trend in response to climate change. In summary, our findings demonstrate physics‐informed DL's credibility in runoff projections under drastic climate change when infused with the physics of dominant hydrological processes, and illustrate its superior ability to learn complex hydrological processes, providing a new approach for runoff simulation in permafrost‐affected alpine catchments under climate change.
The Impact of New Accelerometer Transplant Data (ACH) on GRACE Follow‐On Along‐Orbit Inter‐Satellite Laser Ranging Observations and Monthly Time‐Variable Gravity and Mascon Solutions
Authors: Ghobadi‐Far Khosro , Werth Susanna , Shirzaei Manoochehr , Loomis Bryant D. , Döhne Thorben , Willen Matthias O. , Horwath Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGRACE‐D accelerometer data show significant bias jumps since one month after the launch of the GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) satellites in May 2018, making them inapplicable for correcting GRACE‐FO products for non‐gravitational accelerations. The GRACE‐FO Science Data System (SDS) compensated this issue by transplanting the GRACE‐C accelerometer data toward that of GRACE‐D. Recently, GRACE‐FO SDS implemented an updated transplant method, used in the latest release of GRACE‐FO data. Here, we examine the impact of updated accelerometer transplant data (ACH) on GRACE‐FO measurements at all levels: (a) Level‐1B inter‐satellite laser ranging residuals measured along satellite orbit, (b) Level‐2 time‐variable gravity solutions from all SDS centers (JPL, CSR, and GFZ), and (c) Level‐3 mascon solutions. We show that inter‐satellite laser ranging residuals are modified at low frequencies below 1 mHz, affecting the along‐orbit analysis of large‐scale time‐variable gravity signals. When mapped into monthly Level‐2 spherical harmonic coefficients of geopotential, the low‐frequency change in inter‐satellite ranging residuals leads to substantial improvement of coefficients associated with resonant orders (i.e., 15, 30, 45, etc.) and C30. We also present an improved SLR‐derived C30 which significantly improves the agreement with updated GRACE‐FO C30 at seasonal and interannual timescales. Moreover, we demonstrate the noise reduction in mass change estimates from new GRACE‐FO Level‐2 data over oceans, Greenland, and Antarctica for all SDS solutions. GRACE‐FO mascon solutions show a moderate change in the updated release. Our comprehensive analyses demonstrate high‐quality estimates of non‐gravitational accelerations by the updated transplant method, resulting in more accurate GRACE‐FO time‐variable gravity and mass change observations.
Continuous Measurement and Molecular Compositions of Atmospheric Water‐Soluble Brown Carbon in the Nearshore Marine Boundary Layer of Northern China: Secondary Formation and Influencing Factors
Authors: Li Hao , Qin Xiaofei , Chen Jia , Wang Guochen , Liu Chengfeng , Lu Da , Zheng Haitao , Song Xiaoquan , Gao Qianqian , Xu Jian , Zhu Yucheng , Liu Jianguo , Wang Xiaofei , Deng Congrui , Huang Kan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the evolution of brown carbon (BrC) in the atmosphere is essential for investigating its climate effects. This study deployed a novel in‐situ BrC continuous observation system to firstly measure water‐soluble BrC absorption (AbsWS‐BrC) in an offshore island over the Bohai Sea in the winter of 2020. The AbsWS‐BrC abundance before the cold wave (BCW) was more than twice higher than that after the cold wave (ACW). This was mainly ascribed to the substantially suppressed formation of secondary WS‐BrC (WS‐BrCsec). Diurnal patterns of AbsWS‐BrC exhibited nighttime peaks, which derived from enhanced primary emissions and strong aqueous‐phase processes. Photochemical processes bleached daytime WS‐BrC during BCW, while daytime peaks of WS‐BrCsec emerged during ACW due to the weakened photobleaching effect. Statistical analysis indicated ambient temperature and relative humidity as well as total oxidized nitrogen (NO2 + NO3−) and reduced nitrogen (NH4+ + NH3) were the dominant factors promoting WS‐BrCsec. Moderate aerosol pH (>2.5) also facilitated the formation of WS‐BrCsec while no obvious dependences of WS‐BrCsec on gas‐particle partitioning of ammonia, O3, and sulfur precursors were found. At the molecular level, BrC chromophores with the identified compositions, carbon oxidation state, O/C, H/C, and absorption spectra were compared between the two periods. Characteristics of water‐soluble CHO‐ and CHON‐BrC were more of secondary origin during BCW, while primary emissions contributed significantly to BrC chromophores during ACW. This study highlights the advantage of high resolution BrC measurement in probing its dynamic evolution and influencing factors.
Modeling Water Flow and Solute Transport in Unsaturated Soils Using Physics‐Informed Neural Networks Trained With Geoelectrical Data
Authors: Haruzi P. , Moreno Z. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccurate modeling of water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soils is of significant importance for precision agriculture, environmental protection and aquifer management. Traditional modeling approaches are considerably challenging since they require well‐defined boundaries and initial conditions. Physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been developed to learn and solve forward and inverse problems also constrained to a set of partial differential equations and are more flexible than traditional modeling approaches. However, hydrological applications of PINNs used so far spatial measurements of hydraulic head, water content and/or solute concentrations, which were well distributed in the subsurface for training the system. Such measurements are hard to obtain in real‐world applications. Here, we propose to train PINNs with non‐invasive geoelectrical tools for simulating two‐dimensional water flow and solute transport during infiltration and redistribution processes with unknown initial conditions. Two‐dimensional flow and transport numerical simulations were used as benchmarks to examine the suitability of the described approach. Results have shown that the trained PINNs system was able to reproduce the spatiotemporal distribution of both water content and pore‐water salinity during both processes with high accuracy, using five time‐lapse geoelectrical measurements and matric head measurements at a single location. The trained PINNs system reconstructed the initial conditions of both state parameters at both processes. It was also able to separate the measured electrical signal into its two components, that is, water content and pore‐water salinity. The subsurface geoelectrical tomograms were significantly improved compared to those obtained from a classical inversion of the raw geoelectrical data.
Flux focusing with a superconducting nanoneedle for scanning SQUID susceptometry
Authors: Xiang B. K. , Wang S. Y. , Wang Y. F. , Zhu J. J. , Xu H. T. , Wang Y. H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA nanofabricated superconducting quantum interference device (nano-SQUID) is a direct and sensitive flux probe used for magnetic imaging of quantum materials and mesoscopic devices. Due to the functionalities of superconductive integrated circuits, nano-SQUIDs fabricated on chips are particularly versatile, but their spatial resolution has been limited by their planar geometries. Here, we use femtosecond laser 3-dimensional (3D) lithography to print a needle onto a nano-SQUID susceptometer to overcome the limits of the planar structure. The nanoneedle coated with a superconducting shell focused the flux from both the field coil and the sample. We performed scanning imaging with such a needle-on-SQUID (NoS) device on superconducting test patterns with topographic feedback. The NoS showed improved spatial resolution in both magnetometry and susceptometry relative to the planarized counterpart. This work serves as a proof-of-principle for integration and inductive coupling between superconducting 3D nanostructures and on-chip Josephson nanodevices.
Demonstrating the value of beaches for adaptation to future coastal flood risk
Authors: Toimil Alexandra , Losada Iñigo J. , Álvarez-Cuesta Moisés , Le Cozannet Gonéri 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCost-effective coastal flood adaptation requires a realistic valuation of losses, costs and benefits considering the uncertainty of future flood projections and limited resources for adaptation. Here we present an approach to quantify the flood protection benefits of beaches accounting for the dynamic interaction of storm erosion, long-term shoreline evolution and flooding. We apply the method in Narrabeen-Collaroy (Australia) considering uncertainty in different shared socioeconomic pathways, sea-level rise projections, and beach conditions. By 2100, results show that failing to consider erosion can underestimate flood damage by a factor of 2 and maintaining present-day beach width can avoid 785 million AUD worth assets from flood damage. By 2050, the flood protection and recreational benefits of holding the current mean shoreline could be more than 150 times the cost of nourishment. Our results give insight on the benefits of beaches for adaptation and can help accelerate financial instruments for restoration.
Accelerating the solar-thermal energy storage via inner-light supplying with optical waveguide
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Tang Jiebin , Chen Jialin , Zhang Yuhai , Chen Xiangxiang , Ding Meng , Zhou Weijia , Xu Xijin , Liu Hong , Xue Guobin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolar-thermal storage with phase-change material (PCM) plays an important role in solar energy utilization. However, most PCMs own low thermal conductivity which restricts the thermal charging rate in bulk samples and leads to low solar-thermal conversion efficiency. Here, we propose to regulate the solar-thermal conversion interface in spatial dimension by transmitting the sunlight into the paraffin-graphene composite with side-glowing optical waveguide fiber. This inner-light-supply mode avoids the overheating surface of the PCM, accelerates the charging rate by 123% than that of the traditional surface irradiation mode and increases the solar thermal efficiency to ~94.85%. Additionally, the large-scale device with inner-light-supply mode works efficiently outdoors, indicating the potential of this heat localization strategy in practical application.
Unraveling the glycosylated immunopeptidome with HLA-Glyco
Authors: Bedran Georges , Polasky Daniel A. , Hsiao Yi , Yu Fengchao , da Veiga Leprevost Felipe , Alfaro Javier A. , Cieslik Marcin , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent interest in targeted therapies has been sparked by the study of MHC-associated peptides (MAPs) that undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly glycosylation. In this study, we introduce a fast computational workflow that merges the MSFragger-Glyco search algorithm with a false discovery rate control for glycopeptide analysis from mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidome data. By analyzing eight large-scale publicly available studies, we find that glycosylated MAPs are predominantly presented by MHC class II. Here, we present HLA-Glyco, a comprehensive resource containing over 3,400 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II N-glycopeptides from 1,049 distinct protein glycosylation sites. This resource provides valuable insights, including high levels of truncated glycans, conserved HLA-binding cores, and differences in glycosylation positional specificity between HLA allele groups. We integrate the workflow within the FragPipe computational platform and provide HLA-Glyco as a free web resource. Overall, our work provides a valuable tool and resource to aid the nascent field of glyco-immunopeptidomics.
Sizing up feature descriptors for macromolecular machine learning with polymeric biomaterials
Authors: Stuart Samantha , Watchorn Jeffrey , Gu Frank X. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt has proved challenging to represent the behavior of polymeric macromolecules as machine learning features for biomaterial interaction prediction. There are several approaches to this representation, yet no consensus for a universal representational framework, in part due to the sensitivity of biomacromolecular interactions to polymer properties. To help navigate the process of feature engineering, we provide an overview of popular classes of data representations for polymeric biomaterial machine learning while discussing their merits and limitations. Generally, increasing the accessibility of polymeric biomaterial feature engineering knowledge will contribute to the goal of accelerating clinical translation from biomaterials discovery.