bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of fighting techniques in the structure of the official and operational activities of police officers
Authors: Khybyrtov Rustam 
Published: March 2023

The introduction shows the role and importance of physical training in improving the service and operational activities of police officers.
The article reveals the problem of using combat fighting techniques for cadets and students of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, their development and application in further service in the practical internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, and also notes that combat fighting techniques are one of the main components of the service and operational activities of policemen in hand-to-hand combat with offenders. Consequently, this is a kind of combat in which both firearms and cold weapons are used, as well as improvised means and martial arts without weapons. These techniques constitute the basic complex of self-defense at close range with the help of preemptive strikes to enhance the activities of police officers and other law enforcement agencies in order to protect civilians. In the process of discussing the research results, recommendations were developed for the protection of the civilian population from criminal arbitrariness, based on the analysis; it was proposed to rename the section «Combat fighting techniques» to «Hand-to-hand combat».
The results of the study showed that the cadets are well-prepared in terms of mastering the legal foundations for the use of combat fighting techniques; they study these techniques more qualitatively than poorly trained officials and perform them with an «excellent» rating.
In addition, fighting techniques of wrestling are an integral part of self-defense. It is shown that for a better and deeper mastering techniques studied within the framework of this discipline, an official of the internal affairs bodies must first at least theoretically study the system of self-defense, and then, enriched with knowledge, practically learn the basic combat techniques.
In conclusion, it was noted that hand-to-hand combat contributes to the development and improvement of physical qualities and the effective implementation of operational and service tasks. It is recommended that physical culture and sports societies organize courses for the general population on the study of self-defense techniques.
Peculiarities of the formation of the criminal-legal impact on driving while under the influence of alcohol
Authors: Lebedev Aleksandr 
Published: March 2023

State policy in the field of road safety is aimed at protecting the life, health and property of citizens and protecting the interests of society and the state by preventing road accidents and reducing the severity of their consequences. In searching for mechanisms to implement these goals, the legislator to the challenges in the field of road safety, which contribute to road accidents. The article examines the trends in criminal law responses to driving under the influence of alcohol. The criteria for criminalisation of an act under article 2641 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are disclosed. The author focuses on the disclosure of public danger of the act, drawing attention to the existing shortcomings in law enforcement, as well as assesses the effectiveness of the application of Art. 2641 of the Criminal Code in solving the issues of road safety.
Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that there is an effective potential of the criminal law prohibition of driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol by a person who has been subjected to administrative penalty or has a criminal record. The author proposes the introduction of amendments to the criminal law legislation, aimed at strengthening the measures of criminal law impact on persons operating a vehicle in a state of intoxication.
Encapsulation-free crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and their hygrothermal and thermal-cycle tolerance
Authors: Imajo Nobuhito , Yamakawa Yo , Takahashi Hiroaki , Ohdaira Keisuke , Masuda Atsushi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A novel concept of unencapsulated modules was developed to avoid many degradation phenomena originating from encapsulants, reduce material costs, and also allow for both easy cell repair and easy recycling of modules. The reliability and durability of the novel concept modules were investigated using damp-heat (DH) testing, thermal-cycle (TC) testing, and sequential testing including DH and TC testing. No large reduction in maximum power after DH testing for 2700 h or TC testing for 1000 cycles was found for unencapsulated modules, irrespective of cell-connection method, cell spacing, or the existence of intentional microcracks. However, because of thermomechanical stress, unstable contact between interconnector ribbons and busbar electrodes was found after TC testing. Superiority of shingling connections was found for this novel concept of unencapsulated modules.
دور المؤسسة العسكرية التركية في الحياة السياسية
Authors: م. م. آيات ناصر جابر  
Published: March 2023

تعد المؤسسة العسكرية التركية من اقوى مؤسسات الدولة التركية وأكثرها تنظيماًان لم تكن بالفعل سلطة عليا تقع فوق الدستور ومؤسسات الدولة الاخرى بما فيها الهيئاتالمنتخبة ؛ وتستمد هذه المؤسسة اهميتها وقوتها من التنظيم الداخلي المحكم لهذه المؤسسةوتمتعها باستقلالية كاملة في اختيار عناصرها القيادية ووضوح رؤيتها بشأن دورهاوالاهداف العليا للدولة ؛ بالاضافة إلى ضخامة القوة العددية للقوات المسلحة التركية ©بحيث انها تتأتي وفقاً لهذا المعيار في المرتبة الثانية بعد امريكا بين دول حلف الاطلسي .
بمرور الوقت استطاع العسكر ارساء نخبة غير عسكرية في البلاد من عناصرالبيرقراطية والمثقفين ؛ تنحسر مهمتها في حماية الجمهورية داخليا ومراقبة سلوكمواطنيها ؛ في ما لم يتخلا الجيش ابداً عن دوره الخارجي المتمثل في حماية استقلالالبلاد ؛ ولا عن دور اخر داخلي رأئه وحدده لنفسه في قيادة الدولة والمجتمع نحوالتحديث .
An Investigation of Lexical Cohesion in Kurdish EFL Students Emails
Authors: Asst. Inst. Walaa’ Jabbar Gatt'  
Published: March 2023

Cohesion, the most important principle and criterion of textuality, is theconnection or the connectedness manifested when the interpretation of onetextual element, i.e., a word located in one sentence is dependent onanother element in the text.
Cohesion is thus one of the text properties that contribute to theorganization of discourse. Coherence has to be clearly distinguished fromcohesion. Hence, cohesion refers to the overt semantic relations in the text,whereas coherence refers to semantic and pragmatic relations between theparts of the text.
The three main categories of cohesion are referential cohesion(anaphoric chains), relational cohesion (connectives and ellipsis) andlexical cohesion. Lexical cohesion, which is the focus of this researchpaper, contributes to the ideational (semantic) structuring of discourse. Itrefers to the semantic relations between the lexical items in the text; thus itprovides information about the way lexemes are organized in the discourse.
Lexical cohesion is the dependency relationship between wordsbased on associative relations in common knowledge. Lexical coherenceplays a dominant role in text structure. However, the lack of cohesion inwriting is a problem that plagues many EFL students. The present papergoal is to help students to overcome this problem in which it has been achallenge to EFL teachers and researchers alike. Thus, the present researchpaper aims at analyzing Kurdish EFL students' emails for the purpose offinding out their tendency towards using lexical cohesion devices, i.e., theextent to which they use or avoid using these d
Aula ecológica propuesta pedagógica transversal para el correcto manejo de residuos sólidos en la institución educativa bilingüe agroindustrial Sindagua
Authors: Portilla Pantoja Hernán José , Nastacuas Pai Luciano Gonzalo , Díaz Abahonza Edwin Holman 
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo de investigación recoge las problemáticas medio ambientales, frente al manejo de los residuos sólidos de la Institución Educativa Bilingüe Agroindustrial Sindagua, con población indígena AWA, en aras de coadyuvar a solventar situaciones conflictivas de deterioro ambiental, e inconvenientes frente a los procesos pedagógicos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Vivencias conflictivas reflejadas en la vida escolar. Por ende, y como oportunidad de mejora el objetivo principal fue el de diseñar una propuesta de estrategia pedagógico transversal, para mejorar la práctica sobre el manejo de residuos sólidos en la comunidad de la Institución Educativa Bilingüe Agroindustrial Sindagua, en defensa del territorio y del medio ambiente, a partir de una metodología orientada en el paradigma interpretativo, con enfoque cualitativo, en aras de entender la realidad social de la comunidad estudiantil, e investigación acción participativa , así mismo, este tipo de investigación permite la retroalimentación y participación de la comunidad afectada con fines de crear espacios novedosos como “el aula ecológica” inexistente a priori, de la investigación. Aunando esfuerzos conjuntos para mejorar factores de contaminación, en conclusión, se obtienen oportunidades de mejora frente a lo pedagógico con esfuerzos colectivos que coadyuvaron a crear el aula ecológica, espacio pensado desde el cuidado medio ambiental
An Analytical Theory for the Growth from Planetesimals to Planets by Polydisperse Pebble Accretion
Authors: Lyra Wladimir , Johansen Anders , Cañas Manuel H. , Yang 楊 Chao‐Chin 朝欽 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pebble accretion is recognized as a significant accelerator of planet formation. Yet only formulae for single-sized (monodisperse) distribution have been derived in the literature. These can lead to significant underestimates for Bondi accretion, for which the best accreted pebble size may not be the one that dominates the mass distribution. We derive in this paper the polydisperse theory of pebble accretion. We consider a power-law distribution in pebble radius, and we find the resulting surface and volume number density distribution functions. We derive also the exact monodisperse analytical pebble accretion rate for which 3D accretion and 2D accretion are limits. In addition, we find analytical solutions to the polydisperse 2D Hill and 3D Bondi limits. We integrate the polydisperse pebble accretion numerically for the MRN distribution, finding a slight decrease (by an exact factor 3/7) in the Hill regime compared to the monodisperse case. In contrast, in the Bondi regime, we find accretion rates 1–2 orders of magnitude higher compared to monodisperse, also extending the onset of pebble accretion to 1–2 orders of magnitude lower in mass. We find megayear timescales, within the disk lifetime, for Bondi accretion on top of planetary seeds of masses 10−6 to 10−4
M
⊕, over a significant range of the parameter space. This mass range overlaps with the high-mass end of the planetesimal initial mass function, and thus pebble accretion is possible directly following formation by streaming instability. This alleviates the need for mutual planetesimal collisions as a major contribution to planetary growth.
A Spectroscopic Analysis of a Sample of K2 Planet-host Stars: Stellar Parameters, Metallicities and Planetary Radii
Authors: Loaiza-Tacuri V. , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V. , Martinez Cintia F. , Ghezzi Luan , Schuler Simon C. , Teske Johanna , Howell Steve B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The physical properties of transiting exoplanets are connected with the physical properties of their host stars. We present a homogeneous spectroscopic analysis based on the spectra of FGK-type stars observed with the Hydra spectrograph on the WIYN telescope. We derived the effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities, for 81 stars observed by K2 and 33 by Kepler 1. We constructed an Fe i and ii line list that is adequate for the analysis of R ∼ 18,000 spectra covering 6050–6350 Å and adopted the spectroscopic technique based on equivalent-width measurements. The calculations were done in LTE using Kurucz model atmospheres and the qoyllur-quipu (q
2) package. We validated our methodology via an analysis of a benchmark solar twin and solar proxies, which are used as a solar reference. We estimated the effects that including Zeeman-sensitive Fe i lines have on the derived stellar parameters for young and possibly active stars in our sample and found them not to be significant. Stellar masses and radii were derived by combining the stellar parameters with Gaia EDR3 and V magnitudes and isochrones. The measured stellar radii have a 4.2% median internal precision, leading to a median internal uncertainty of 4.4% in the derived planetary radii. With our sample of 83 confirmed planets orbiting K2 host stars, the radius gap near R
planet ∼ 1.9 R
⊕ is detected, in agreement with previous findings. Relations between the planetary radius, orbital period, and metallicity are explored and these also confirm previous findings for Kepler 1 systems.
An FRB Sent Me a DM: Constraining the Electron Column of the Milky Way Halo with Fast Radio Burst Dispersion Measures from CHIME/FRB
Authors: Cook Amanda M. , Bhardwaj Mohit , Gaensler B. M. , Scholz Paul , Eadie Gwendolyn M. , Hill Alex S. , Kaspi Victoria M. , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Curtin Alice P. , Dong Fengqiu Adam , Fonseca Emmanuel , Herrera-Martin Antonio , Kaczmarek Jane , Lanman Adam E. , Lazda Mattias , Leung Calvin , Meyers Bradley W. , Michilli Daniele , Pandhi Ayush , Pearlman Aaron B. , Pleunis Ziggy , Ransom Scott , Rahman Mubdi , Sand Ketan R. , Shin Kaitlyn , Smith Kendrick , Stairs Ingrid , Stenning David C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The CHIME/FRB project has detected hundreds of fast radio bursts (FRBs), providing an unparalleled population to statistically probe the foreground media that they illuminate. One such foreground medium is the ionized halo of the Milky Way (MW). We estimate the total Galactic electron column density from FRB dispersion measures (DMs) as a function of Galactic latitude using four different estimators, including ones that assume spherical symmetry of the ionized MW halo and ones that imply more latitudinal variation in density. Our observation-based constraints of the total Galactic DM contribution for ∣b∣ ≥ 30°, depending on the Galactic latitude and selected model, span 87.8–141 pc cm−3. This constraint implies upper limits on the MW halo DM contribution that range over 52–111 pc cm−3. We discuss the viability of various gas density profiles for the MW halo that have been used to estimate the halo’s contribution to DMs of extragalactic sources. Several models overestimate the DM contribution, especially when assuming higher halo gas masses (∼3.5 × 1012
M
⊙). Some halo models predict a higher MW halo DM contribution than can be supported by our observations unless the effect of feedback is increased within them, highlighting the impact of feedback processes in galaxy formation.
ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МОЩНОСТИ ПОГЛОЩЕННОЙ
ДОЗЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ ОБЪЕТОМ В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ
МИКРОВОЛНОВОГО ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Соловской А.С. 
Published: March 2023

Интенсивное использование технических инноваций определило рост
эпидемиологических исследований, направленных на изучение влияния электромагнитного
излучения на организм человека. Автором проанализированы исследования, доказывающие
негативное влияние излучений на нервную систему человека. Представлена актуальность
контроля интенсивности электромагнитных излучений на основе расчета удельной
поглощенной мощности (SAR). Моделирование уровня поглощенной мощности проводилось
в программной среде COMSOL Multiphysics. Рассмотрена общая логика построения
изучаемой модели. Представлены результаты неоднородного распределения диэлектрической
проницаемости, распределения электрического поля и удельной поглощенной мощности
La « Saint-Barthélemy » dans le calendrier des huguenots, du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Carbonnier-Burkard Marianne 
Published: March 2023

L’article s’attache à la place de la date du massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy dans la mémoire collective des protestants français, jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Dès 1573-1574, le 24 août 1572 (pour ne pas dire « la saint-Barthélemy » du calendrier papiste honni), est érigé dans un pamphlet, le Reveille-matin des François, en « Journée de la Trahison », date fondatrice d’un nouveau calendrier, commémorant à jamais le crime imprescriptible. À partir de 1577 et pendant un siècle, des « calendriers historiaux » imprimés à la suite des psautiers huguenots ont introduit un ensemble de dates mémorables de l’histoire des réformés de France, en particulier celles du massacre du 24 août 1572 et de la résistance de La Rochelle en réplique. Cependant, après la paix d’Alès (1629), ces calendriers, surveillés, ont dû se faire discrets, avant de disparaître dès avant la Révocation. Au XVIIIe siècle, La Henriade de Voltaire (1728), médiatisant le massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy dans un combat des Lumières contre l’intolérance, a sucité à nouveau l’intérêt des protestants, en attente d’un édit de tolérance : ainsi un prêche de Pierre Dangirard le 24 août 1776. Mais sur la scène nationale, quand le député Rabaut Saint-Étienne, le 23 août 1789, plaida pour la pleine liberté religieuse des Français, de crainte d’être accusé de partialité confessionnelle, il n’osa pas évoquer la Saint-Barthélemy. Au cours de ces deux longs siècles, les protestants français n’ont pas construit un véritable mémorial de la saint-Barthélemy.
Hitting Purchase: The Influence of Social and Demographic Variables on Fast Fashion Consumers
Authors: Zhou Alicia 
Published: March 2023

With an average annual growth rate of around 11.68%, the fast fashion industry is expanding immensely. Increasing sales of affordable yet trendy clothes are driven by the rising youth population, boosting the fast fashion market. Previous research on influences of the life cycle of fashion and consumer behavior theories sparked this research study’s goal: for fast fashion marketers to understand consumer behavior in terms of social and demographic variables.
To assess the most prominent themes that influenced fast fashion consumer behavior in Southern California, two procedures were implemented: a survey on consumers’ shopping behaviors and short interviews with a range of demographics and genders for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this study, five occurring themes of (1) Trendiness of Apparel, (2) Broad Range of Apparel, (3) Age and Gender, (4) Affordability, and (5) Follower-Leader Relationships were found to be the largest influences to draw consumers. Three core themes were found to influence consumer behavior the most: (1) Age and Gender, (2) Affordability, and (3) Follower-Leader Relationships.
This study’s findings may improve future marketing tactics to expand a fast fashion business’s popularity and sales. It was concluded that while fast fashion companies should focus on expanding their trendiness and range of clothing, companies should target females in the 11-20 age group using social media influences to involve more potential consumers. It was further concluded that attraction of the business will proliferate through word-of-mouth recommendations by customers.
Musical Responses to Western European Bureaucratic Action
Authors: Lambert Ella , Haisler Jim 
Published: March 2023

With the rise of popular culture music, as well as resurgence of traditional folk music in the late twentieth century, Western cultures, distinctly Western European states, saw the relations between music and politics emerge to its current state- a deeply intertwined dependency between the two, with its effect spreading across borders to reach greater populations. To look at how the relations between music and politics came to be, first the examination of the dependency between the two in the latter half of the twentieth century must occur. Across genres, artists drew inspiration from their current political climate, creating music as a response. Yet, political action also resulted from music, distinctly with songs coined as “protest soundtracks.” The multifaceted nature of the relationship allows for a greater understanding of the extremes of this relationship, distinctly with music censorship occurring in most European states, democratic and authoritative alike. The continued censorship of music from European states leads to the notion that the existence of music warrants political action, despite proven lack of substantive response of the music itself. To grant a greater autonomy to artists and develop an enhanced comprehension of the multifaceted relationship that is music and politics, the implementation of music-based lessons of core classes into secondary schools will warrant the greater awareness of the relations between music and politics.
The Move Towards Sustainable Aviation
Authors: Jain Ishaan , Sharma Mritunjay 
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses how the aviation industry has been shaped by sustainability and examines how the aviation industry is progressing towards a more sustainable future. It compares the fuel usage of similar aircraft between aircraft manufacturers, Airbus and Boeing. The research also looks at how aircraft designs have evolved over time to reduce fuel usage and cut down carbon emissions. This can be seen in the fuel usage of aircraft. For example, if you compare the fuel usage of the Airbus A340 to the Airbus A350, the Airbus A350 uses significantly less fuel as it has improved engines and aerodynamics, allowing it to transport a similar number of passengers over a similar range. Airbus managed to make a better and far more fuel-efficient aircraft within 20 years.

The aim of this research study was to examine how the commercial aviation industry can promote sustainable aviation in the future through a mixed-method approach. First, by using a quantitative approach, the impact of all the aircraft designs of Boeing and Airbus for commercial aircraft carrying 40 passengers and above on fuel usage and CO2 emissions would be compared, followed by a qualitative analysis explaining the varying fuel usage of similar aircraft and comparing which aircraft manufacturer holds the upper hand going into the future.
Bay Area Generation Z Opinions on Gene Editing
Authors: Chow Trinity , Kochel Tyler 
Published: March 2023

Gene editing is known to be powerful, yet controversial. While it has the ability to significantly decrease human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases around the world, gene editing can also create an even greater socioeconomic gap. This academic discussion about gene editing has to address when gene editing treatments should be used as well as which type of gene editing treatments should be used. Currently there are two types of gene editing treatments, somatic and germline. Somatic gene editing treatments make modifications to DNA but do not affect reproductive cells. In contrast, germline gene editing practices do affect reproductive cells and modifications can be passed to future generations. The study aims to address San Francisco Bay Area Generation Z’s opinions on gene editing (including which gene editing practices should be used).
To test the hypothesis that Generation Z will want gene editing treatments that are meant to treat diseases and other disorders, the researcher utilized a mixed methodology with an online survey. The results showed that somatic gene editing treatments for diseases and disorders in adults are the most prefered use of these technologies. By these means, legislation as well as other research should be done to promote access to treatments, such as those for sickle cell anemia, for the general public.