bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education for Disaster Justice
Authors: Champalet Joelle , Keum Hyunah , Knowles Scott Gabriel , Lee Seulgi , Park Hyeonbin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDisasters reveal injustice in society; disasters create new injustices. These two intertwined ideas were the inspiration for an action research project, the first Disaster Haggyo, held across multiple locations in South Korea in the summer of 2022. The Disaster Haggyo—“haggyo” translates to “school” in Korean—was also an experiment in pedagogical methods. Science education, though not explicitly the aim of the Disaster Haggyo, infused every aspect of our approach. The Haggyo curriculum approaches innately technological disasters as entanglements of science, technology, and living organisms, inviting students to engage with unfolding disasters through tactics like citizen science, regulatory activism, and victim advocacy. The Disaster Haggyo was also created as a method for conducting research on the structural features of disaster injustice, in the mode of “action research,” to enable mutual aid and a dissolution of boundaries among researchers and those seeking disaster justice in two specific sites: Ansan and Jeju Island, South Korea. Specifically, our goal was to document and evaluate the ways in which (1) disaster memorialization and (2) disaster education practices empower survivors and bereaved families, and also the ways that such activities might also burden them, or even cause ongoing harm. Ansan, home of the Danwon High School, is the key site for Sewol Ferry Disaster bereaved family memorialization and activism. Jeju Island is both the site of the 1947–1954 Jeju Uprising and Massacre as well as a site of increasing environmental fragility in the climate change era. This paper argues that an articulation of disaster justice emerged as a key goal embedded in both memorialization and education activities across the various Disaster Haggyo research sites. Our interlocutors in these sites, in quite creative and surprising ways, insisted on justice as a language through which to interpret their lives and the lives (and deaths) of those for whom they cared most deeply.
Evaluating the effectiveness of faculty teachers’ performance at Birzeit University as perceived by students
Authors: Shaath Sami E. , Abed Tagreed B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current study investigated the effectiveness of teaching performance in seven faculties at Birzeit University from students’ point of view. A questionnaire, consisting of (50) items based on the domains of teaching planning, teaching execution, personal features and communications skills and evaluating students' learning, was developed and distributed to (405) male and female students. The findings of the study showed that the level of effectiveness of the teaching performance was considered average (62.4%—67.8%) according to the adopted scoring criteria. Results also revealed that there were significant statistical differences at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) attributed to gender in favor of females; significant statistical differences at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) were recognized between humanities and scientific faculties in favor of humanities faculties, while there were no significant statistical differences between the various humanities faculties.
Miracle of Mindreading: A Discussion of Adam Toon’s Mental Fictionalism
Authors: Machcewicz-Grad Agata 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, I provide a critique of the version of mental fictionalism presented in the recent book by Adam Toon (2023). I contend that Toon’s attempt to reconcile the explanatory power of folk psychology with the denial of its substantial ontological commitments eventually fails. I point out three worries regarding Toon’s position. First, I argue that his claim that folk psychological metaphors are about behaviour – although they are untranslatable into descriptions of behaviour – looks ad hoc. As such, this claim does not protect Toon’s position from the traditional objections to behaviourism. Second, I argue that Hutto’s (2022) objection that fictionalism makes mysterious the success of folk psychology is in force and I show why Toon’s reply to this objection is unsatisfactory. Third, I point out the problems resulting from Toon’s claim that the concepts of folk psychology are internally incoherent.
Exploring the relationship between motivation and augmented reality presence using the augmented reality presence scale (ARPS)
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico , Ferdig Richard E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAugmented Reality (AR) is increasingly being adopted in education to foster engagement and interest in a variety of subjects and content areas. However, there is a scarcity of instruments to measure the instructional impact of this innovation. This article addresses this gap in two unique ways. First, it presents validation results of the Augmented Reality Presence Scale (ARPS), which was created to evaluate presence in augmented learning environments. Using the Rasch Rating Scale Model, ARPS was validated with 90 college students involved in an AR learning experience. Second, it analyzed the correlations between ARPS scores and the Reduced Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (RIMMS). ARPS was found to be a reliable instrument to evaluate AR presence. Additionally, ARPS was found to be positively correlated to all the four RIMMS dimensions (i.e., attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction). These research results point to presence as a desirable outcome of AR-mediated instruction. Moreover, AR presence was facilitated by non-invasive interfaces and perceived agency. Finally, this technology was shown to be productive in addressing all motivation stages rather than working just as a starting step.
Improving the Seebeck Coefficient and Electrical Conductivity of Fe11Ti3Al6 by Substituting Fe with Cr
Authors: Singh Sukhwinder , Alemzadeh Joseph , Rodriguez Guillermo Menendez , Phillips Matthew , Zabek Daniel , Burton Matthew , Rocha Victoria G. , Min Gao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn general, any attempt to increase the Seebeck coefficient is usually accompanied by a decrease in the electrical conductivity or vice versa due to the interplay between these two parameters. This work demonstrates that a simultaneous increase in both the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity can be obtained by “doping” in intermetallic alloys. A new alloy composition, Fe10Cr1Ti3Al6, was synthesized by substituting Fe with Cr in Fe11Ti3Al6 using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The thermoelectric measurements revealed that the Cr substitution led to an increase in the Seebeck coefficient from +27 µV/K in Fe11Ti3Al6 to +39 µV/K in Fe10Cr1Ti3Al6, with a corresponding increase in the electrical conductivity from 2.5 × 105 S/m to 4.7 × 105 S/m, resulting in a significant increase in the power factor. The temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties of this new alloy was also investigated over a temperature range of 50–727°C. The result showed that a maximum power factor of 6.0 × 10−4 W/m K2 was obtained at 53°C.
Metformin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Preserving Mitochondrial Dynamics Balance and Calcium Homeostasis
Authors: Maghraby Nashwa , EL-Baz Mona A. H. , Hassan Athar M. A. , Abd- elghaffar Sary Kh. , Ahmed Amira S. , Sabra Mahmoud S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic medication for treating malignancies, although its cardiotoxicity limits its use. There is growing evidence that alteration of the mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamic processes accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and alteration of calcium Ca2+ homeostasis are potential underlying mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Metformin (Met) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that has antioxidant properties and cardioprotective effects. The purpose of the study is to assess Met's possible cardioprotective benefits against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The study included 32 adult male rats. They were randomly divided into four groups: administered saline, DOX, Met, or DOX combined with Met respectively. Heart tissues were used for biochemical assays that measured oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial dynamics markers, optic atrophy-1(OPA-1) and dynamin-1-like protein (Drp1), calcineurin and caspase-3. Serum levels of myocardial injury markers, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were also measured. The results revealed that DOX intoxication was associated with a significant increase in the levels of serum cTn-I and AST, increased cardiac MDA level, increased cardiac Drp1, calcineurin, and caspase-3 expressions, as well as reduced cardiac GSH level and cardiac OPA-1 expression. On the other hand, Met treatment significantly reduced DIC by decreasing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and improving mitochondrial and calcium balance. Finally, this study shows that Met may be able to protect the heart from damage caused by DOX by working as an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent and keeping the balance of calcium and mitochondria.
Cyclical processing of maternal lineage and parent–child dynamics: the dual family relationship system in the matrilineal Mosuo society
Authors: Wang Jue , Endo Toshihiko 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe matrilineal Mosuo, an ethnic community of 40,000 individuals in Southwest China, uphold a unique family structure characterized by a maternal kin-based household and a dual-residence “Sese” marriage system. Within this system, children belong to their mother’s household, and men assume the responsibility of caring for their sisters’ children, rather than their own biological offspring. Despite its uniqueness, the relationship dynamics within this family system have not been thoroughly examined. This study sought to investigate these multi-generational family dynamics using a psychological projective test. Participants in the caregiver–child pair ($$\:N=36$$, First Generation: $$\:N=17$$, $$\:{M}_{age}=40.59,\:SD=6.46$$; Second Generation: $$\:N=19,\:{M}_{age}=15.74,\:SD=5.59$$) completed the Family Image Test, providing a visual representation of their perceived relationship structures with various family members. The results revealed a distinct family hierarchy within the matrilineal Mosuo family that emphasizes elders’ authority. Interestingly, younger family members demonstrated a tendency to form closer bonds with their parents than the first generation, without compromising their intimacy with maternal relatives. This suggests the existence of a dual family relationship system that encompasses both the maternal kinship cycle and the nuclear family cycle. The dual relationship system of the matrilineal Mosuo reflects the deep influence of matrilineal lineage, cultural norms, and socialization, interwoven with the impacts of integration with the patrilineal Han Chinese and the transformative effects of contemporary socio-economic conditions.
Quantum Otto and Carnot thermal machines powered by two two-level atoms enveloped by QED-cavity
Authors: Mashhor L. , Abd-Rabbou M. Y. , Yaya Abdel-Azim Abdel-Hady , Abdel-Aty M. , Obada A.-S. F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper presents a conceptual model for quantum Otto and Carnot machines that utilizes two-level atoms interacting with a cavity field, initially prepared in a number state, as working substance. We focus on fundamental thermodynamic quantities, including work done, heat absorption from, release to heat baths, efficiency, and performance in both machines. According to our results, photon numbers significantly affect the upper and lower boundaries of the work that both machines can achieve. More specifically, the Carnot machine’s maximal bound of work is higher than the Otto machine’s. Furthermore, it is found that generating specific operation modes depends on ratios between system parameters. Importantly, similarities observed between behaviour patterns of thermodynamic quantities exhibited by both Carnot and Otto machines under different conditions.
Tuning Isomerism Effect in Organic Bulk Additives Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhao Qiangqiang , Wang Han , Yao Yiguo , Li Lei , Wei Yulin , Xu Ruida , Zhang Chenyang , Shalenov Erik O. , Tu Yongguang , Wang Kai , Xiao Mingjia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganic additives with multiple functional groups have shown great promise in improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. The functional groups can passivate undercoordinated ions to reduce nonradiative recombination losses. However, how these groups synergistically affect the enhancement beyond passivation is still unclear. Specifically, isomeric molecules with different substitution patterns or molecular shapes remain elusive in designing new organic additives. Here, we report two isomeric carbazolyl bisphosphonate additives, 2,7-CzBP and 3,6-CzBP. The isomerism effect on passivation and charge transport process was studied. The two molecules have similar passivation effects through multiple interactions, e.g., P = O···Pb, P = O···H–N and N–H···I. 2,7-CzBP can further bridge the perovskite crystallites to facilitates charge transport. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.88% and 21.04% were achieved for 0.09 cm2 devices and 14 cm2 modules after 2,7-CzBP treatment, respectively. The devices exhibited enhanced operational stability maintaining 95% of initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous maximum power point tracking. This study of isomerism effect hints at the importance of tuning substitution positions and molecular shapes for organic additives, which paves the way for innovation of next-generation multifunctional aromatic additives.
Optical anisotropy effects in laminated tempered glass
Authors: Efferz Lena , Dix Steffen , Schuler Christian , Kolling Stefan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMinor fluctuations in the tempering process of architectural glass lead to residual stress differences resulting in birefringence and undesired optical iridescence, also known as anisotropy effects. The control of anisotropies, which are quantified as optical retardation, is limited to monolithic glass. In modern architecture, laminated glass panes consisting of an interlayer of polyvinyl butyral or ionomer (SentryGlas®) are frequently applied. In this paper, photoelastic studies are performed on laminated glass panes before and after the lamination process to evaluate their effect and to investigate the influence of the superposition of different orientated glass panes. An influence from the interlayer is not markedly evident. Aside from a few outliers, there are percentage deviations of less than 6% in the 95% quantile value. The influence of the retardation pattern of the individual sheets is significant; depending on their position in the furnace, the superposition of the individual glass sheets results in a dot-shaped or a strip-shaped pattern. The experiments have demonstrated that retardation can be cumulative or reduced depending on the azimuth angle of the individual retardation value. Finally, six glass panes were installed in an outdoor test rig to observe the optical appearance under various light condition and different viewing points. Here, a correlation of the findings from the previous retardation measurements is clearly revealed.
Automated cetacean detection in UAV imagery using AI models: a case study on Delphinid species
Authors: Canelas João , Clementino Luana , Cid André , Castro Joana , Machado Inês , Vieira Susana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe identification and quantification of marine mammals is crucial for understanding their abundance, ecology and supporting their conservation efforts. Traditional methods for detecting cetaceans, however, are often labor-intensive and limited in their accuracy. To overcome these challenges, this work explores the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a tool for automating the detection of cetaceans through aerial images from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Additionally, the study proposes the use of Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM)-based models for video detection using a CNN-LSTM architecture. Models were trained on a selected dataset of dolphin examples acquired from 138 online videos with the aim of testing methods that hold potential for practical field monitoring. The approach was effectively validated on field data, suggesting that the method shows potential for further applications for operational settings. The results show that image-based detection methods are effective in the detection of dolphins from aerial UAV images, with the best-performing model, based on a ConvNext architecture, achieving high accuracy and f1-score values of 83.9% and 82.0%, respectively, within field observations conducted. However, video-based methods showed more difficulties in the detection task, as LSTM-based models struggled with generalization beyond their training environments, achieving a top accuracy of 68%. By reducing the labor required for cetacean detection, thus improving monitoring efficiency, this research provides a scalable approach that can support ongoing conservation efforts by enabling more robust data collection on cetacean populations.
How Sand Mining is Shaping the Trishuli River in the Himalayas of South Asia
Authors: Pant Ramesh Raj , Varol Memet , Phuyal Sita , Bhattarai Somy , Awasthi Mahesh Prasad , Thakur Tarun Kumar , Bohara Rupesh , Basnet Niru , Sitaula Sagar , Afandi Gamal El 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Trishuli River in Nepal plays a vital role in hydropower generation, irrigation, fishing, and recreational activities. However, human activities such as sand and aggregate extraction, as well as agricultural practices, have been found to have a detrimental impact on the river. A comprehensive study was performed to assess the influence of these activities and natural processes on the river’s hydrochemistry and overall water quality. Water samples were collected from 42 sites along the river, and 17 physicochemical parameters were thoroughly analyzed. The findings revealed that activities such as sand mining and agriculture significantly contributed to the river’s high turbidity levels, PO43−, and TSS. The study also indicated that the river was moderately polluted based on the average Nutrient Pollution Index value. Moreover, the Water Quality Index suggested poor water quality at upstream sites and very poor water quality at downstream and mining sites due to elevated levels of TSS, turbidity, PO43−, and NO3−. The assessment also concluded that the water from most sampling sites was suitable for irrigation based on the US salinity diagram and various irrigation indices. Additionally, the water was characterized as Ca-HCO3 dominant according to the Piper diagram, and the river’s hydrochemistry was mainly influenced by rock weathering, as indicated by the Gibbs diagram. In summary, the study concluded that while the downstream region of the Trishuli River is not suitable for drinking water due to negative impacts from sand mining and agriculture, it is ideal for irrigation purposes.
Vegane Ernährung aus osteologischer und endokrinologischer Sicht
Authors: Reif Alexander , Amrein Karin 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie vegane Ernährung gewinnt aus verschiedenen Gründen an Popularität, ihre gesundheitlichen Effekte auf den Knochenstoffwechsel und endokrine Funktionen sind komplex. Veganer*innen können von einem geringeren Risiko für ein metabolisches Syndrom und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen profitieren, jedoch birgt eine vegane Ernährungsweise das Risiko von Nährstoffmängeln.Veganer*innen haben eine reduzierte Kalziumzufuhr. Studien belegen, dass Veganer*innen ein erhöhtes Risiko für Frakturen haben, wenn ihre Kalziumzufuhr unter 525 mg pro Tag liegt. Um den Kalziumbedarf zu decken, wird vermehrt Kalzium aus dem Knochen freigesetzt, wodurch die Knochendichte abnimmt. Neben Kalzium sind Vitamin D, Proteine, Vitamin B12, Kalium und Magnesium mit guter Knochengesundheit assoziiert. Zur Beurteilung der Knochengesundheit dient die Messung der Knochenmineraldichte, die bei Veganer*innen oft niedriger ist. Zudem sind höhere Konzentrationen an Parathormon und Knochenumsatzmarkern nachweisbar.Im Hinblick auf das metabolische Syndrom konnten deutlich positive Effekte einer veganen Ernährung festgestellt werden. Sie ist dazu in der Lage, das Diabetesrisiko zu reduzieren, die Insulinsensitivität zu verbessern und HbA1c zu reduzieren. Außerdem reduziert sie Body-Mass-Index (BMI) und Hüft- und Taillenumfang, LDL-Cholesterin (Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) und den Blutdruck. Die vegane Ernährungsweise wird im Diabetesmanagement sowie zur Risikoreduktion kardiovaskulärer Komplikationen bei Personen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 als empfehlenswert angesehen.
Novel and cost-effective CNC tool condition monitoring through image processing techniques
Authors: Falah Alireza , Andó Mátyás 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCNC machining is an important part of the manufacturing industry. This paper introduces a novel and efficient approach for tool condition monitoring in CNC machine operations through the application of image processing techniques. By utilizing a consumer-grade camera capable of recording videos at 60 frames per second, the study demonstrates a cost-effective method to detect tool breakage and identify edge fractures. Basic image processing techniques, including frame extraction, background subtraction, thresholding, and morphological operations, are applied to analyze captured images and videos. This research not only offers a practical solution to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of CNC machine operations but also aligns with advancements in smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0. The findings will showcase the proposed system’s effectiveness in actual CNC machine environments, underscoring its potential to enhance maintenance strategies and operational productivity for small and medium-sized manufacturers without incurring high costs. Furthermore, it sets the stage for future investigations in this domain, indicating the possibility for enhancements through machine learning and an expanded application of these monitoring techniques.
Research on the optimal laser preparation process parameters of groove-shaped micro-texture on the mill roll surface
Authors: Jia Huapo , Zhu Yonggang , Xue Yingchun , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLaser micro-texture preparation technology significantly excels in micro-texture processing, yet there has been scant reported research on utilizing this technology for micro-texture processing and texture morphology control on the surface of wheat mill rolls. The aim was to ascertain the ideal laser preparation process parameters for the creation of groove-shaped micro-textures on the surface of the chilled alloy cast iron, serving as the surface layer material of the wheat mill roll. An experiment was conducted using a nanosecond pulsed fiber laser to explore the impact of laser power, scanning times, scanning velocity, and pulse frequency on the morphology and dimensions of the groove-shaped micro-textures. It was found that with laser power set at 7 W, 15 scanning times, a pulse frequency of 35 kHz, and a scanning speed of 500 mm/s, the desired microgroove can be successfully fabricated on the surface of the mill roll. The findings of this study offer insights for the surface modification of critical components in grain and oil machinery and equipment through the application of laser micro-texturing technology.