bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pipeline for drugs for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases: 1. Anti-infective drugs for regulatory registration
Authors: Pfarr Kenneth M. , Krome Anna K. , Al-Obaidi Issraa , Batchelor Hannah , Vaillant Michel , Hoerauf Achim , Opoku Nicholas O. , Kuesel Annette C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization ‘Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030’ outlines the targets for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). New drugs are needed to achieve some of them. We are providing an overview of the pipeline for new anti-infective drugs for regulatory registration and steps to effective use for NTD control and elimination. Considering drugs approved for an NTD by at least one stringent regulatory authority: fexinidazole, included in WHO guidelines for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense African trypanosomiasis, is in development for Chagas disease. Moxidectin, registered in 2018 for treatment of individuals ≥ 12 years old with onchocerciasis, is undergoing studies to extend the indication to 4–11-year-old children and obtain additional data to inform WHO and endemic countries' decisions on moxidectin inclusion in guidelines and policies. Moxidectin is also being evaluated for other NTDs. Considering drugs in at least Phase 2 clinical development, a submission is being prepared for registration of acoziborole as an oral treatment for first and second stage T.b. gambiense African trypanosomiasis. Bedaquiline, registered for tuberculosis, is being evaluated for multibacillary leprosy. Phase 2 studies of emodepside and flubentylosin in O. volvulus-infected individuals are ongoing; studies for Trichuris trichuria and hookworm are planned. A trial of fosravuconazole in Madurella mycetomatis-infected patients is ongoing. JNJ-64281802 is undergoing Phase 2 trials for reducing dengue viral load. Studies are ongoing or planned to evaluate oxantel pamoate for onchocerciasis and soil-transmitted helminths, including Trichuris, and oxfendazole for onchocerciasis, Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium cysticercosis, Echinococcus granulosus and soil-transmitted helminths, including Trichuris. Additional steps from first registration to effective use for NTD control and elimination include country registrations, possibly additional studies to inform WHO guidelines and country policies, and implementation research to address barriers to effective use of new drugs. Relative to the number of people suffering from NTDs, the pipeline is small. Close collaboration and exchange of experience among all stakeholders developing drugs for NTDs may increase the probability that the current pipeline will translate into new drugs effectively implemented in affected countries.
Graphical Abstract
Tofacitinib for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis: two case reports
Authors: Momen Majumder Muhammad Shoaib , Haq Syed Atiqul , Rasker Johannes J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal manifestations are common extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. There are limited data on the efficacy of tofacitinib in managing inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis. Here we report two patients with ulcerative colitis- and Crohn’s disease-associated arthritis successfully responding to tofacitinib.

Cases
A 34-year-old Bangladeshi woman presented with lower limb polyarthritis for 7 years. Six months after the onset of polyarthritis, she developed abdominal pain with rectal bleeding. Colonoscopy and rectal biopsy findings confirmed ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis associated arthritis was diagnosed. Treatment with sulfasalazine, etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, and methotrexate gave no long-lasting remission. Methotrexate with mesalazine gave a partial response, and tofacitinib 5 mg twice per day was added. Her articular and abdominal symptoms improved within a month, and remission persisted till 24 months of follow-up, except a short-lasting mild flare at the seventh month. A 52-year-old Bangladeshi man had Crohn’s disease for 5 years. He presented with a swollen left knee and pain in other joints. Laboratory showed positive HLA-B27. He was intolerant to sulfasalazine and experienced poor response to methotrexate. Due to his inability to afford anti-tumor necrosis factor, tofacitinib was initiated. His arthritis improved within a month, and he remained in remission up to the sixth month.

Conclusions
In a woman with ulcerative colitis associated arthritis, refractory to biologic therapy, both arthritis and colitis improved with tofacitinib. A patient with Crohn’s disease-associated arthritis went into remission with tofacitinib. Tofacitinib may be effective in inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis.
Suburban pastoralists: Pastoral adaptation strategies at the rural-urban interface in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Rotich Sylvia Jemutai , Funder Mikkel , Marani Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow does urban expansion interact with pastoral climate change adaptation? This article explores pastoral adaptation strategies at the rural-urban interface. It examines how Maasai pastoralists in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya, respond to climate hazards in the context of urban expansion, land use change, and land privatisation. Using mixed-method research, the study is informed by a household survey (n = 72), 38 qualitative interviews, and 12 focus group discussions. Drawing on the literature on climate change adaptation, pastoral change, and peri-urban dynamics, we find that while urban expansion provides significant challenges for pastoral livelihoods in the study area, pastoralists also engage new opportunities in the peri-urban context and employ them in their adaptation strategies. We show how adaptation strategies related to mobility, diversification, market exchange, and storage are employed through a variety of efforts including engagement with urban land markets and demand for livestock products, and by capitalising on proximity to transport, trading facilities, water, and commercial fodder. Communal pooling, another adaptation strategy, is less used and perceived to be in decline. We further find that historical land ownership patterns play a significant role in adaptation strategies, as pastoralists who have benefitted from rangeland privatisation are able to convert high peri-urban land values into private rural land access and investments in, e.g. diversification. Poor households are in a more precarious position but draw on informal agreements to access land as part of their adaptation strategies. Our findings highlight how pastoral households at the rural-urban interface may draw actively on peri-urban opportunities in their adaptation strategies as part of their efforts to enhance livelihoods, and in so doing bridge peri-urban and rural space. More broadly, our study highlights the importance of understanding pastoral climate change adaptation in the context of wider changes in livelihoods, land use, and land rights, rather than as isolated actions.
Graphical Abstract
Formation of singularity of solution to a nonlinear shallow water equation
Authors: Ming Sen , Du Jiayi , Ma Yaxian , Su Yeqin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper is mainly concerned with behaviors of solution to the Cauchy problem for a generalized shallow water equation with dispersive term and dissipative term in the Besov space. It is shown that the problem of nonlinear shallow water equation is locally well posed. The $H^{1}(\mathbb{R})$

H
1

(
R
)
norm of solution to the problem is bounded under certain assumption on the initial value. Several blow-up criteria of solution are presented. The solution has compact support provided that the initial value has compact support. More specifically, the solution exponentially decays at infinity if the initial value exponentially decays at infinity. Our main new contribution is that the effects of coefficients λ and β on solution are illustrated. To the best of our knowledge, the results in Theorems 1.1–1.7 are new.
Comparative analysis of different response criteria at early phase after PD-1 blockade in non-small lung cancer
Authors: Kaira Kyoichi , Yamaguchi Ou , Naruse Ichiro , Umeda Yukihiro , Honda Takeshi , Watanabe Satoshi , Ichikawa Kosuke , Yanagisawa Shin , Kasahara Norimitsu , Higuchi Tetsuya , Hashimoto Kosuke , Miura Yu , Shiono Ayako , Mouri Atsuto , Imai Hisao , Iizuka Kunihiko , Ishizuka Tamotsu , Minato Koichi , Suda Satoshi , Kagamu Hiroshi , Mori Keita , Seki Nobuhiko , Kuji Ichiei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare different response criteria using computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in measuring response and survival in the early phase after programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
A total of 54 patients with advanced NSCLC who had 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-D-glucose PET or CT at baseline, and 4 and 9 weeks after PD-1 blockade, were registered. Therapeutic response was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), the immune-modified RECIST (irRECIST), the PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST), the immune-modified PERCIST (iPERCIST), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria for dichotomous groups, such as responders vs. non-responders and controlled vs. uncontrolled diseases. Cohen’s κ was used to evaluate the concordance among the different criteria.

Results
The concordance between CT and PET response criteria was fair or slight for responders vs. non-responders, but the agreement between iPERCIST and irRECIST was moderate for controlled vs. uncontrolled diseases. The agreement between EORTC and PERCIST or iPERCIST in detecting responders was higher in the application of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) than in the standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SUL)peak. To distinguish controlled from uncontrolled disease, RECIST, irRECIST, and PET criteria (PERCIST, iPERCIST, and EORTC) defined by MTV or TLG were found to be significant predictors of progression-free survival. To distinguish responders from non-responders, iPERCIST by SULpeak or EORTC by TLG were identified as significant indicators. The EORTC criteria using TLG for the detection of responders or uncontrolled diseases had a significantly higher predictive value for response assessment.

Conclusions
The EORTC criteria based on TLG for the early detection of responders and uncontrolled disease were effective as a response assessment at 4 weeks after the PD-1 blockade. When SULpeak was not used but MTV or TLG was, the agreement between EORTC and PERCIST or iPERCIST was almost perfect.
Appropriate feeding practice and associated factors among under-five children with diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis
Authors: Yeshaw Yigizie , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Worku Misganaw Gebrie , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of child mortality and morbidity in low-income countries. Although the provision of more fluid and solid foods during diarrhea are important to treat the diseases, in Africa, food and fluid restrictions are common during diarrheal illness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine appropriate feeding practice and associated factors among under-five children with diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
We have used the appended most recent demographic and health survey (DHS) datasets of 35 sub-Saharan countries conducted from 2010 to 2020. A total weighted sample of 42,882 living children with diarrhea were included in the analyses. Multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with appropriate child feeding practice in SSA. A p value of ≤ 0.05 was used as a cut of point to declare statistically significant variables.

Results
The overall prevalence of appropriate child feeding practice in this study was 10.45% (95% CI 10.17–10.74). The odds of having appropriate child feeding practice was higher among women with primary (AOR = 1.27: 1.17–1.37), secondary (AOR = 1.38: 1.25–1.52), and higher education level (AOR = 1.52: 1.21–1.90), media exposure (AOR = 1.11: 1.11–1.29), richer (AOR = 1.23:1.01–1.26) and richest (AOR = 1.19:1.05–1.35) wealth index, and currently working (AOR = 1.12: 1.04–1.19).

Conclusion
The prevalence of appropriate child feeding practice in this study was found to be very low. It advisable to reduce diarrhea-related child mortality through enhancing diarrhea management practice especially by working on the after mentioned factors.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Level at the Time of Salvage Therapy After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Death
Authors: Tilki Derya , Chen Ming-Hui , Wu Jing , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Mohamad Osama , Cowan Janet E. , Feng Felix Y. , Carroll Peter R. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE Both the performance characteristics of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography and insurance approval improves with increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level causing some physicians to delay post-radical prostatectomy salvage radiation therapy (sRT) after PSA failure. Yet, it is unknown for men with at most one high-risk factor (ie, pT3/4 or prostatectomy [p] Gleason score 8-10) whether a PSA level exists above which initiating sRT is associated with increased all-cause mortality (ACM)-risk and was investigated. METHODS Using a multinational database of 25,551 patients with pT2-4N0 or NXM0 prostate cancer, multivariable Cox regression analysis evaluated whether an association with a significant increase in ACM-risk existed when sRT was delivered above a prespecified PSA level beginning at 0.10 ng/mL and in 0.05 increments up to 0.50 ng/mL versus at or below that level. The model was adjusted for age at and year of radical prostatectomy, established prostate cancer prognostic factors, institution, and the time-dependent use of androgen deprivation therapy. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 6.00 years, patients who received sRT at a PSA level >0.25 ng/mL had a significantly higher ACM-risk (AHR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.00; P = .008) compared with men who received sRT when the PSA was ≤0.25 mg/mL. This elevated ACM-risk remained significant for all PSA cutpoints up to 0.50 ng/mL but was not significant at PSA cutpoint values below 0.25 ng/mL. CONCLUSION Among patients with at most one high-risk factor, initiating sRT above a PSA level of 0.25 ng/mL was associated with increased ACM-risk.
Central Hypothyroidism is Frequent During Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Cancer Patients: Prevalence and Timeline
Authors: Poirier Jonathan , Godemel Sophie , Mourot Aurélie , Grunenwald Solange , Olney Harold J , Le Xuan Kim , Lacroix André , Caron Philippe , Bourdeau Isabelle 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Context
Central hypothyroidism was described previously in mitotane-treated patients but data on its prevalence and time of occurrence are limited.

Objective
To better characterize thyroid hormone insufficiency in patients exposed to mitotane.

Methods
We reviewed medical records of patients from 2 academic centers in Montreal (Canada) and Toulouse (France) with exposure to mitotane therapy for adrenocortical cancer between 1995 and 2020. We analyzed the thyroid function parameters during and after treatment.

Results
In our cohort of 83 patients, 17 were excluded because of preexisting primary hypothyroidism or drug-induced hypothyroidism. During follow-up, 3/66 patients maintained a normal thyroid function and 63/66 developed central hypothyroidism. Among those 63 patients, 56 presented with an inappropriately normal or low TSH and 7 with a mildly elevated TSH. The onset of hypothyroidism was: &lt;3 months in 33.3%, 3 to 6 months in 19.1%, 6 to 9 months in 14.3%, and 9 to 12 months in 9.5%. At least 14.3% of cases occurred after 12 months of exposure, and 6 patients had an undetermined time of occurrence. Over time, 27 patients stopped mitotane and partial (42.3%) or complete (23.1%) recovery from hypothyroidism was observed, mainly in the first 2 years after mitotane discontinuation.

Conclusion
Mitotane therapy is frequently associated with new onset of central hypothyroidism with a prevalence of 95.5%. Most cases occurred in the first year of treatment. Partial or full recovery of thyroid function occurs in 65.4% of cases. This study supports the importance of systematic monitoring of TSH and free T4 levels during and following discontinuation of mitotane therapy.
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Is Increased in Postmenopausal Women With Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Diacinti Davide , Diacinti Daniele , Iannacone Antonio , Pepe Jessica , Colangelo Luciano , Nieddu Luciano , Kripa Endi , Orlandi Martina , De Martino Viviana , Minisola Salvatore , Cipriani Cristiana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Context
Suppression of bone turnover, greater trabecular volume, and normal-high normal all-site bone mineral density (BMD) are hallmarks of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT). Impairment in the trabecular microarchitecture with possible higher risk of vertebral fractures (VF) in women with postmenopausal HypoPT has also been described. Currently, no data on bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) are available in HypoPT.

Objective
To assess BMAT by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in postmenopausal women with chronic postsurgical HypoPT.

Methods
This cross-sectional pilot study, conducted at an ambulatory referral center, included 29 postmenopausal women (mean age 66 ± 8.4 years) with postsurgical HypoPT and 31 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 63 ± 8.5). Lumbar spine MRI was performed and BMAT was measured by applying PRESS sequences on the L3 body. Lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip BMD were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); site-matched spine trabecular bone score (TBS) was calculated by TBS iNsight (Medimaps, Switzerland); VF assessment was performed with lateral thoracic and lumbar spine DXA.

Results
Fat content (FC) and saturation level (SL%) were higher (P &lt;.0001 and P &lt;.001), while water content (W) was lower in HypoPT compared to controls (P &lt;.0001). FC significantly correlated with years since menopause and body weight (P &lt;.05) in HypoPT, while TBS negatively correlated with FC and SL% (P &lt;.05) and positively with residual lipids (RL) and W (P &lt;.05).

Conclusion
We demonstrate for the first time that BMAT is increased in postmenopausal women with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism and negatively associated with trabecular microarchitecture.
Spike Current Induction by Photogenerated Charge Accumulation at the Surface Sites of Porous Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework Electrodes in Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Moribe Shinya , Takeda Yasuhiko , Umehara Mitsutaro , Kikuta Hirokazu , Ito Junji , Ma Jiaju , Yamada Yuri , Hirano Minoru 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) capacitors have recently garnered increasing interest based on their charge accumulation and dissipation mechanisms, particularly with respect to spike and overshoot currents, and have therefore been investigated for biomedical applications, including nerve photostimulation and biomolecular sensing. Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are capable of accumulating large amounts of photogenerated charge at their surface sites, owing to their large surface areas, and therefore may have potential as a new material for use in PEC capacitors. To explore the PEC capacitor properties of MOFs, we performed transient photocurrent measurements using PEC cells comprising porphyrinic zirconium MOF (PZ-MOF) electrodes in a phosphate-buffered saline solution. We observed a clear growth and decay of the cathodic current during light irradiation and the generation of an anodic reverse current when the light was turned off, thus inducing spike and overshoot currents. However, no spike or overshoot currents were observed when excess oxygen was introduced into the electrolyte. These results indicate that PZ-MOFs have the ability for photogenerated charge accumulation at the surface pores near the interface between the PZ-MOF electrode and the electrolyte. Thus, we have confirmed that PZ-MOFs are a promising PEC capacitor material that may be used in future biomedical applications.
Από τον θεοειδή στον καθαγιασμένο ανθρωπισμό: η «συμφιλίωση» (;) αρχαιοελληνικής και βυζαντινής τέχνης στο έργο του Κώστα Παπαϊωάννου
Authors: Ψωμάκης Γιάννης 
Published: March 2023

Το παρόν άρθρο επιχειρεί να εξετάσει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ο Κώστας Παπαϊωάννου επεξεργάζεται το γεγονός της διάστασης και συγχρόνως της συμφιλίωσης του αρχαιοελληνισμού και του χριστιανισμού στο πεδίο της Τέχνης, μέσα από τις τρεις αισθητικές μελέτες του: Τέχνη και πολιτισμός στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, Βυζαντινή και ρωσική ζωγραφική και Η κληρονομιά του Αλεξάνδρου. Αν υπάρχει ένας κοινός παρονομαστής που συνδέει εξαρχής την αρχαία ελληνική τέχνη και τη βυζαντινή χριστιανική παράδοση, αυτός δεν είναι άλλος, κατά τον Παπαϊωάννου, παρά τα «υλικά» από τα οποία είναι καμωμένες οι αισθητικές αυτές δημιουργίες. Πρόκειται για την καθαρή ανθρωπικότητα και την απόλυτη θεϊκότητα, στοιχεία που —για τον διανοητή μας— θα συγχωνευτούν αβίαστα και αρμονικά από διαφορετικές αισθητικές «διαδρομές», τόσο στο αρχαιοελληνικό (αγαλμάτινο) σώμα όσο και στο βυζαντινό (εικονιστικό) πρόσωπο. Συγχρόνως, όμως, αμφότερα τα καλλιτεχνικά αυτά δημιουργήματα δε στερούνται τίποτε από τη βαθιά κοσμικότητα και τη μεγαλειώδη πνευματικότητα. Προς επίρρωση, επομένως, των παραπάνω συμπερασμάτων του νεοέλληνα φιλοσόφου, επιχειρώ τη σύνοψη των αισθητικών του παρατηρήσεων εντάσσοντας τες στα παρακάτω τρία χαρακτηριστικά σημεία: τον νατουραλισμό της αρχαιοελληνικής αισθητικής έναντι του μυστικισμού της ορθόδοξης εικόνας· τον θεοειδή ουμανισμό του αρχαιοελληνικού ειδώλου έναντι του καθαγιασμένου ανθρωπισμού της εκκλησιαστικής αγιογραφίας· την απρόσωπη φύση των κλασικών αγαλμάτων έναντι της απόϊερωμένης όψης των βυζαντινών προσωπογραφιών.
Θεατροκρατία και επαναστατική μάζα κατά τον Κώστα Παπαϊωάννου
Authors: Κρανιδιώτης Γιώργος 
Published: March 2023

Στην αρχαϊκή Αθήνα, κατά την πρώτη φάση της Δημοκρατικής Επανάστασης, ο Δήμος συμμετέχει ενεργητικά στην ιστορική ζωή της οργανωμένης κοινωνίας και ελέγχει τους φορείς της εξουσίας μέσω της ενθουσιαστικής του επικοινωνίας με τις αξίες που εκφράζει η τραγωδία. Την ενσωμάτωση της τραγωδίας στις υπεύθυνες λειτουργίες του κράτους ονομάζει ο Κώστας Παπαϊωάννου «θεατροκρατία». Τραγωδία και Δημοκρατία αναπτύσσονται παράλληλα και συγχρόνως, ως δύο αλληλοσυμπληρούμενες μορφές μιας ενιαίας στάσης απέναντι στην Ιστορία. Η θεατροκρατία ολοκληρώνει τη Δημοκρατία, γονιμοποιώντας την επαναστατική μάζα με ένα συνειδητό Νόημα και συγκροτώντας τη σε κοινότητα. Ο τραγικός Μύθος, διά του «πάθους-μάθους», υπερνικά το Μηδέν και φανερώνει την αιώνια —και απρόσβλητη από την ανθρώπινη Ύβρη— κοσμική τάξη: τη Δίκη. Η Δίκη δεν συμβολίζει μόνο τη δικαστική εξουσία της ευνομούμενης πολιτείας ή την ανώτατη συντακτική αρχή της επαναστατικής δημοκρατίας, αλλά και τη μεταφυσική ενότητα του Σύμπαντος, τη δύναμη που σώζει το Ον από τις καταστροφικές κοσμικές συνέπειες των ανθρώπινων πράξεων.