bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of MOVI‐KIDS programme on health‐related quality of life in children: Cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Redondo‐Tebar Andres , Ruiz‐Hermosa Abel , Martinez‐Vizcaino Vicente , Bermejo‐Cantarero Alberto , Cavero‐Redondo Iván , Martín‐Espinosa Noelia María , Sanchez‐Lopez Mairena 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of an 8‐month school‐based multicomponent intervention (MOVI‐KIDS) in improving health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in schoolchildren.Study DesignA randomized cluster trial was conducted including 1168 children aged 4–6 years who attended 21 schools in two Spanish provinces (Cuenca and Ciudad Real). MOVI‐KIDS study is a multicomponent physical activity intervention, which consisted of (i) 3 × 60‐min sessions/week, (ii) educational materials for parents and teachers, and (iii) school playground modifications. The parent's proxy report of the KINDL‐R Spanish version (6 subdimensions and a total score), and the KINDL‐R self‐reported by children (total score) was used to measure HRQoL. Mixed linear regression models were conducted to test differences in each HRQoL dimension between intervention and control groups, controlling for baseline values, cardiorespiratory fitness, and socioeconomic status, by gender.ResultsThe boys in the intervention group presented better scores on total HRQoL than the control group in both the parent (ß = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.23–2.70) and self‐reported (ß = 2.13; 95% CI: 0.53–3.74) versions, as well as on the emotional well‐being dimension (ß = 2.43; 95% CI: 0.48–4.36). There was no significant effect of the intervention on physical well‐being, self‐esteem, family, and friends. In girls, no statistically significant differences were found between those who participated in MOVI‐KIDS and those who did not.ConclusionOur data support gender differences in the effect of MOVI‐KIDS, such that while in boys the intervention was successful in increasing total scores of HRQoL, as well as emotional well‐being scores, the intervention was not effective in improving girls' HRQoL.
Software update: Interpreting killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors from whole genome sequence data with PING
Authors: Marin Wesley M. , Hollenbach Jill A. 
Published: December 2022

Here, we demonstrate improvements to our bioinformatic pipeline, PING, which provides high‐resolution genotyping of killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) sequencing data, that expand the method to provide KIR interpretation from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. We evaluated performance using synthetic sequence datasets and real‐world data from the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP). PING demonstrated high exonic genotyping performance on the synthetic sequence dataset meant to approximate real‐world data at 95% accuracy (N = 1366). This result was mirrored in the analysis of 1KGP European data (N = 215) with most genes showing near or below 5% frequency of unresolved exonic genotypes, which is an important indicator for genotyping errors in real‐world data. An analysis into the distributions of genotyping errors for the synthetic sequence datasets gave insights into how to further improve genotype accuracy. Similarly, an analysis into ambiguous exonic genotype frequencies for the 1KGP European data, which showed high rates of unresolved genotypes, highlighted that an effective phasing method will be an impactful future additional to the PING workflow. Together, these results demonstrate that PING can effectively provide high‐resolution KIR genotyping on WGS data.
Skeletal muscle mass and all‐cause mortality: Findings from the CRONICAS cohort study
Authors: Bernabe‐Ortiz Antonio , Carrillo‐Larco Rodrigo M. , Gilman Robert H. , Smeeth Liam , Checkley William , Miranda J. Jaime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed (1) to evaluate the agreement between two methods (equation and bio‐impedance analysis [BIA]) to estimate skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and (2) to assess if SMM was associated with all‐cause mortality risk in individuals across different geographical sites in Peru.MethodsWe used data from the CRONICAS Cohort Study (2010–2018), a population‐based longitudinal study in Peru to assess cardiopulmonary risk factors from different geographical settings. SMM was computed as a function of weight, height, sex and age (Lee equation) and by BIA. All‐cause mortality was retrieved from national vital records. Cox proportional‐hazard models were developed and results presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsAt baseline, 3216 subjects, 51.5% women, mean age 55.7 years, were analysed. The mean SMM was 23.1 kg (standard deviation [SD]: 6.0) by Lee equation, and 22.7 (SD: 5.6) by BIA. Correlation between SMM estimations was strong (Pearson's ρ coefficient = 0.89, p < 0.001); whereas Bland–Altman analysis showed a small mean difference. Mean follow‐up was 7.0 (SD: 1.0) years, and there were 172 deaths. In the multivariable model, each additional kg in SMM was associated with a 19% reduction in mortality risk (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75–0.88) using the Lee equation, but such estimate was not significant when using BIA (HR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.94–1.03). Compared to the lowest tertile, subjects at the highest SMM tertile had a 56% reduction in risk of mortality using the Lee equation, but there was no such association when using BIA estimations.ConclusionThere is a strong correlation and agreement between SMM estimates obtained by the Lee equation and BIA. However, an association between SMM and all‐cause mortality exists only when the Lee equation is used. Our findings call for appropriate use of approaches to estimate SMM, and there should be a focus on muscle mass in promoting healthier ageing.
Comparison of indirect computed tomographic lymphography and near‐infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node mapping for integumentary canine mast cell tumors
Authors: Alvarez‐Sanchez Alejandro , Townsend Katy L. , Newsom Lauren , Milovancev Milan , Gorman Elena , Russell Duncan S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the independent and combined use of indirect computed tomographic lymphography (ICTL) and near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in dogs with integumentary mast cell tumors (MCT) and report the metastatic LN rate.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs underwent preoperative ICTL, then intraoperative NIRF SLN mapping and excision of the anatomic lymph node (ALN) and/or SLN, and primary MCT. Technique agreement was complete if the same SLN was detected, and partial if the same SLN was detected along with additional SLN. No agreement occurred if the techniques detected different or no SLN. MCT were graded using two‐ and three‐tier schemes, and LN were graded from HN0‐3; HN2‐3 were considered metastatic.ResultsComplete, partial, and no agreement between ICTL and NIRF was seen in 8/20 (40%), 8/20 (40%), and 4/20 (20%) dogs, respectively. Detection of ICTL‐SLN and NIRF‐SLN failed in 1/20 (5%) and 4/20 (20%), respectively. Tumors were grade II/low‐grade in 19/20 (95%) and grade III/high‐grade in 1/20 (5%) dogs. Nineteen out of 20 (95%) dogs had HN2‐3 LN.ConclusionsTechnique agreement of at least one SLN was seen in 16/20 (80%) dogs. Although most MCT were classified as intermediate to low grade, LN metastases were commonly detected.Clinical significanceCombining ICTL and NIRF for MCT SLN mapping yields high SLN detection rates. Lymph node metastasis may be more common than previously reported for intermediate to low grade MCT.
Effects of Plyometric Training Direction on Physical Performance in Basketball Players
Authors: Aztarain-Cardiel Kike , López-Laval Isaac , Marco-Contreras Luis A. , Sánchez-Sabaté Jorge , Garatachea Nuria , Pareja-Blanco Fernando 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of plyometric training direction on jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction ability in basketball players. Methods: Forty male basketball players (21.8 [3.8] y), from 4 teams that competed in regional and national championships, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) vertical jump group, (2) horizontal jump group, (3) vertical and horizontal jump group, and (4) control group. The subjects followed a plyometric training program twice a week for 6 weeks, differing in the execution direction of the jumps. All groups performed the same total training volume of acyclic and cyclic jumps controlled through the number of contacts per session. Pretraining and posttraining measurements included (1) rocket jump, (2) Abalakov jump, (3) horizontal jump, (4) 20-m linear sprint, and (5) V-Cut change-of-direction test. Results: The vertical and horizontal jump group showed significant increases in all performance variables examined, except for linear sprint performance, in which no group improved. The vertical jump group showed significant improvements in rocket jump and Abalakov jump (P < .01), but worsened significantly in terms of sprint performance (P < .05). The horizontal jump group showed significant increases in rocket jump and horizontal jump (P < .001–.01). Furthermore, all experimental groups showed improved V-Cut change-of-direction test performance. Conclusions: These results indicate that combining vertical and horizontal jumps induces improvements in more capabilities than does training only vertical or horizontal jumps with the same training volume. Training only vertical or horizontal jumps will improve performance mainly in vertically or horizontally oriented tasks, respectively.
Exogenous Caffeine Ingestion Does Not Increase Plantarflexor Torque in Older or Younger Men
Authors: Ugliara Lucas , Bottaro Martim , Alex Sávio , Tufano James J. , Blazevich Anthony J. , Junior Valdinar , Vieira Amilton 
Published: December 2022

Aging is associated with neurodegeneration and a loss of muscle function, especially in lower-limb muscles. While caffeine may augment muscle force generation through multiple effects on the central nervous system, no studies have yet compared the effects of caffeine on force-generating capacity between younger and older men, who might respond differently due to age-related changes in the structures on which caffeine acts. In a double-blind, controlled trial, 22 younger (25 ± 5 years) and 21 older (68 ± 6 years) men were tested for isometric plantarflexor torque on two separate days (2–7 days apart) before and 60 min after ingesting 3 mg/kg (∼2 cups of coffee) of caffeine or placebo. No effects of caffeine ingestion on peak torque or rate of torque development were detected in either older or younger men. Therefore, 3 mg/kg of caffeine may not acutely counteract age-related decreases in force capacity of the functionally important plantarflexor muscles.
Perceptions of COVID-19 among communities of Conakry (Guinea): a qualitative study exploring the context of the ANRS COV33 Coverage-Africa therapeutic trial
Authors: Doucet Marie-Hélène , Songbono Christine Timbo , Plazy Mélanie , Martin Caroline , Fritzell Camille , Sow Mamadou Saliou , Traoré Fodé Amara , Jaspard Marie , Poda Armel , Malvy Denis , Marcy Olivier , Delamou Alexandre , Orne-Gliemann Joanna 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo explore communities’ perceptions about COVID-19 in the context of the ANRS COV33 Coverage-Africa clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of treatments in preventing clinical worsening of COVID-19.DesignDescriptive qualitative study using semistructured in-depth individual interviews conducted by telephone in French and Soussou between May and September 2021. Data were transcribed, translated in French when applicable and analysed with the thematic analysis method.SettingThe eight neighbourhoods most affected by COVID-19 in Conakry’s urban context, capital of Guinea.Participants4 community leaders acting as key informants—providing insights regarding population’s opinions—and six community members, who were exposed to an information session conducted as part of Coverage-Africa.ResultsAccording to participants, community members have heterogeneous viewpoints about COVID-19: it exists and is dangerous; it is benign (‘bad cold’); or it is fictitious (eg, government conspiracy). The fear of stigmatisation and social isolation of those sick or cured of COVID-19 was largely reported by participants, with illustrations of distressing situations for the victims. To avoid stigma, many patients seem to adopt strategies of discretion (eg, lying/hiding about the disease). Although community attitudes were reported to have evolved since the beginning of the epidemic, stigma remained a pervasive concern for many people.ConclusionsCommunity perceptions about COVID-19 in Conakry may be partly explained by the Guinean context of Ebola history and of sociopolitical tensions. Stigmatisation of COVID+ people seems to be aimed at protecting others against contamination. However, social avoidance can greatly affect the morale of stigmatised people, especially in collectivist cultures like Guinea. Further investigating stigma, including its role on seeking COVID-19 screening and treatment services, and its consequences on mental health among affected/exposed people, would contribute to identifying improved prevention and care interventions in preparation for future health threats, and to promoting participation in health research.Trial registration numberNCT04920838(Pre-results stage).
Removal of mango-flavoured Juul pods created opportunity for adulterated mango Juul-compatible pods with altered chemical constituents
Authors: Dell Liam G , Page Michelle K , Leigh Noel J , Goniewicz Maciej Lukasz 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionJuul is a leading electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) brand in the USA. By November 2019, Juul pre-emptively limited online and in-store sales of non-tobacco or menthol-flavoured pods ahead of impending flavour bans. Since this removal, sale of mango-flavoured Juul-compatible pods was introduced to the market by smaller companies. The aim of this study was to compare chemical constituents of original Juul mango pods with mango-flavoured Juul-compatible pods.MethodsJuul and 16 brands of Juul-compatible mango-flavoured pods were purchased online in May 2018 (original Juul) and November 2019 (Juul-compatible), after Juul voluntarily removed their flavoured pods from the market. Liquid was extracted from pods and analysed using chromatography and mass spectrometry methods for nicotine concentration, solvent ratios, nicotine salt identification, as well as flavouring identification and quantitation.ResultsJuul-compatible pods had a significantly lower average nicotine concentration compared with original Juul pod (42.8±8.9 vs 57.2±0.9 mg/mL, p<0.0001). Nicotine benzoate was used in original Juul pod and all Juul-compatible pods. The propylene glycol to vegetable glycerin volumetric ratio of Juul-compatible pods averaged 55:45, while the original Juul pod was 35:65 (p<0.0001). Total number of flavouring chemicals detected was significantly higher in Juul-compatible pods as compared with Juul (p<0.0001). In Juul-compatible pods, average concentrations of benzyl alcohol (fruity flavouring) were 0.8±1.3 mg/mL, approximately 27 times higher than in original Juul pod (p<0.0001).ConclusionsAdulterated Juul-compatible products may expose e-cigarette consumers to more chemical constituents at higher concentrations than previously found in the original product, despite similarity in product design.
Associations between living in localities with e-cigarette sales restrictions and e-cigarette use change among young adults in Los Angeles County
Authors: Chen-Sankey Julia , Cruz-Cano Raul , Pakdaman Sheila , Wong Nicholas , Unger Jennifer B , Barrington-Trimis Jessica , Pentz Mary Ann 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionLocal e-cigarette sales restrictions (ESRs) may impact e-cigarette use. This study examined the associations between living in localities with various ESR policies and changes in e-cigarette use among young adults in Los Angeles (LA) County, California, USA.MethodsData were from a cohort of LA County young adults (18–21 years; n=2100) who completed two waves of surveys (Fall 2018–Summer 2019 and Summer–Fall 2020). Local flavoured (n=9) and comprehensive (n=2) ESRs in LA County implemented between June 2019 and May 2020 were identified, coded and merged with the baseline data. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between living in ESR localities and e-cigarette use at follow-up, controlling for covariates and stratified by cigarette smoking at baseline.ResultsOverall, 20.9% and 14.3% of participants lived in localities with flavoured and comprehensive ESRs, respectively. Participants who were non-Hispanic, had higher socioeconomic statuses and were currently using e-cigarettes were generally more likely to live in ESR localities than their counterparts. The associations between living in ESR localities and e-cigarette use at follow-up were not found among baseline non-e-cigarette users regardless of their cigarette smoking status; a positive relationship was found among baseline e-cigarette users who also smoked cigarettes but not among non-smokers.DiscussionParticipants who lived in localities with various ESR policies were different in their baseline e-cigarette use and socioeconomic backgrounds. Future research examining the potential impact of ESRs on e-cigarette use change should consider the localities’ overall sociodemographic and tobacco-using characteristics and individuals’ cigarette smoking histories.
Ethyl maltol, vanillin, corylone and other conventional confectionery-related flavour chemicals dominate in some e-cigarette liquids labelled ‘tobacco’ flavoured
Authors: Omaiye Esther E , Luo Wentai , McWhirter Kevin J , Pankow James F , Talbot Prue 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe increased popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been linked to the abundance of flavoured products that are attractive to adolescents and young adults. In the last decade, e-cigarette designs have evolved through four generations that include modifications in battery power, e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) reservoirs and atomiser units. E-liquids have likewise evolved in terms of solvent use/ratios, concentration and number of flavour chemicals, use of nicotine salts and acids, the recent increased use of synthetic cooling agents and the introduction of synthetic nicotine. Our current objective was to evaluate and compare the evolving composition of tobacco-flavoured e-liquids over the last 10 years.MethodsOur extensive database of flavour chemicals in e-liquids was used to identify trends and changes in flavour chemical composition and concentrations.ResultsTobacco-flavoured products purchased in 2010 and 2011 generally had very few flavour chemicals, and their concentrations were generally very low. In tobacco-flavoured refill fluids purchased in 2019 and Puff Bar Tobacco e-cigarettes, the total number and concentration of flavour chemicals were higher than expected. Products with total flavour chemicals >10 mg/mL contained one to five dominant flavour chemicals (>1 mg/mL). The most frequently used flavour chemicals in tobacco e-liquids were fruity and caramellic.ConclusionsThere is a need for continuous surveillance of e-liquids, which are evolving in often subtle and harmful ways. Chemical constituents of tobacco flavours should be monitored as they clearly can be doctored by manufacturers to have a taste that would appeal to young users.
Polarized images of synchrotron radiations in curved spacetime
Authors: Hu Zezhou , Hou Yehui , Yan Haopeng , Guo Minyong , Chen Bin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we derive two formulas encoding the polarization direction and luminosity of synchrotron radiations from the moving electrons in curved spacetime under the geometric optics approximation. As an application, we further study the polarized images of synchrotron radiations from electron sources in Schwarzschild black hole spacetime with a vertical and uniform magnetic field. In particular, by focusing on the circular orbits of electrons on the equatorial plane, we show the polarized images of the synchrotron radiations from these orbits for different observational angles and discuss the variations of the polarization directions concerning the angles.
Reliability and validity of the Hindi version of international physical activity questionnaire-long-form (IPAQ-LF)
Authors: Prabhu Sukhada S. , Thakur Anuprita M. 
Published: December 2022

Background: IPAQ-LF is a widely used tool for subjective assessment of physical activity. It has been translated, cross-culturally adapted into many languages and tested in many countries around the world. However, no Hindi version of the long-form of this questionnaire exists till date. Objective: To cross-culturally adapt the IPAQ-LF from English to Hindi language and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: The guidelines by IPAQ Committee were followed for cross-cultural adaptation process. The Test–retest reliability was assessed on 60 participants by administering Hindi IPAQ-LF twice within two-week time frame. The construct validity was assessed by comparing with seven-day pedometer recording. Results: Excellent reliability was observed between total physical activity scores on repeated Hindi IPAQ-LF administrations, with interclass correlation coefficient of 0.963 at 95% confidence interval. The ICC for job, transport, Housework and Leisure domain was calculated to be 0.923, 0.839, 0.862 and 0.939, respectively, suggesting excellent reliability. The Cronbach’s alpha computed (0.82) suggests good internal consistency. The Hindi Version of IPAQ-LF also demonstrated good construct validity with Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.783. Bland–Altman analyses were performed to evaluate the level of agreement between two constructs. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Hindi version of IPAQ-LF is a reliable and valid tool for assessing physical activity levels for Hindi speaking population.