bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does public service motivation truly predict dishonesty? Behavioural evidence from the private and public sectors
Authors: Schott Carina , Bouwman Robin 
Published: September 2023

The number of studies on the relationship between public service motivation and ethics is increasing. Although research consistently finds evidence for a positive public service motivation–ethical intentions relationship, research on public service motivation and unethical behaviour remains scarce and showcases mixed findings. Based on insights from person–environment fit theory, we argue that the sector in which an individual is employed may help explain these mixed findings. We test this assumption by employing an incentivized dice game among private and public sector workers ( n  =  576). Using a well-powered research design we find neither support for the public service motivation–ethical behaviour relationship, nor for the sector as an intervening variable. We discuss the implications of these interesting null findings, which challenge the common assumption that public servants are morally superior to private sector workers. Points for practitioners (Human resource) managers of both private and public sector organizations need to be aware of the fact that employees engage in behavioural dishonesty (i.e. cheating). Contrary to the often-heard assumption, we find no evidence that public service motivation serves as a buffer for this specific type of unethical behaviour. This means that stimulating public service motivation or recruiting public-service motivated individuals does not help to reduce the risk of behavioural dishonesty. Rather, (human resource) managers can invest in other measures to limit this type of unethical behaviour such as ethical leadership and an ethical climate.
Comparative Assessment of Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates From 24-Hour Recall and Since Birth Methods in Southwestern Pennsylvania Using Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Isiguzo Chinwoke , Documet Patricia , Demirci Jill R. , Youk Ada , Mendez Gabriella , Davis Esa M. , Mendez Dara D. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Accurate measurement of exclusive breastfeeding is important in maternal and child health research. Exclusive breastfeeding is often measured using the 24-hour recall or the since birth method for the first 6 months. These methods can produce different estimates, introducing problems in interpreting breastfeeding behavior and making accurate comparisons across settings or countries. Research Aim: Our aim was to compare the exclusive breastfeeding rates between the 24-hour recall and since birth methods among a diverse cohort of birthing people using the ecological momentary assessments method. In addition, we compared the exclusive breastfeeding rates between the two methods across race and other maternal characteristics. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis using data from the Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study (PMOMS), a prospective longitudinal study which recruited participants during pregnancy and followed them for 12 months after delivery. Participants completed surveys in real-time via ecological momentary assessment. Individual exclusive breastfeeding rates from months 1–6 were computed using 24-hour recall and since birth methods for 284 participants. We calculated the percentage point difference between the two methods across child age and maternal characteristics. We used a two-sample test of proportions to determine if the differences observed in the proportions were significant. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding rates from the 24-hour recall were higher than the since birth rates across all ages and maternal characteristics. The difference between the two methods at 3 months was 25.7 percentage points and at 6 months was a 17.2 percentage points. Irrespective of the method used to measure exclusive breastfeeding, White participants had higher exclusive breastfeeding rates than Black participants. Conclusion: The 24-hour recall and the since birth methods of assessing exclusive breastfeeding provided substantially different estimates. These findings highlight the importance of specificity in measuring and reporting exclusive breastfeeding.
Impact on diabetes outcomes and team skills of integrating dietetic services into interprofessional education and teamwork in primary care
Authors: Rowe Gina C , McShane Phyllis , Brennan Congdon Heather , Pittman Joan , Rios Judith 
Published: September 2023

Objectives Diabetes is a complex disease requiring daily self-management of diet and activity, yet many patients do not receive recommended self-management education, medical nutrition therapy, or team-based care that includes registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). Such service deficits contribute to challenges in meeting combined diabetes care goals. We evaluated the impact of adding RDN-supervised dietetic interns to an established primary care interprofessional education/teamwork model on patients’ clinical outcomes and health professions students’ team skills. Methods Electronic health records were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the impact of interprofessional care teams including dietetic practitioners on patient outcomes and compare these changes to outcomes achieved with the previous model without such participation. Pre-test/post-test surveys were used to evaluate health professions students’ self-reported changes in team skills. Results Patient outcomes for glycemic control, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and depression improved significantly, and emergency department visits decreased by 79% after interprofessional care. Average hemoglobin A1c levels decreased from 11.6% to 8.3% ( p < .001), an additional 1.1% reduction over previous results, following incorporation of dietetic practitioners. Students reported increased team skills after interprofessional care participation. Discussion Health professions and dietetic program faculty should collaborate to develop interprofessional best practice primary care models for patients with diabetes.
The efficacy of tranexamic acid in primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of level I randomized controlled trials
Authors: Berk Alexander N , Hysong Alexander A , Kahan Joseph B , Ifarraguerri Anna M , Trofa David P , Hamid Nady , Rao Allison J , Saltzman Bryan M 
Published: September 2023

Purpose The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available level I evidence regarding the impact of tranexamic acid (TXA) on early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Methods A systematic review of the literature through April 2023 was performed to identify level I RCTs examining the use of TXA at the time of primary TSA or RTSA. Results Among 5 included studies, a total of 435 patients (219 TXA, 216 control) were identified. Superior hematologic outcomes were observed among the TXA cohort, including lower 24-hour drain output (MD −112.70 mL: p < 0.001), lower pre- to postoperative change in hemoglobin (MD: −0.68 g/dL, p < 0.001), and less total perioperative blood loss (MD: −249.56 mL, p < 0.001). Postoperative Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS-pain) scores were lower in the TXA group, but not significantly (MD: −0.46, p = 0.17). Postoperative blood transfusion was required in 3/219 TXA patients (1.4%) and 7/216 control patients (3.2%) (RR: 0.40, p = 0.16). Conclusion Perioperative TXA reduces drain output and total blood loss without increasing the risk of adverse events. TXA was not shown to decrease postoperative transfusion rates when compared to placebo controls. Level of Evidence Level I, meta-analysis.
Investigation of Morphometric Factors Associated With Adolescent ACL Rupture
Authors: Akcaalan Serhat , Kavaklilar Abdurrahim , Caglar Ceyhun , Ugurlu Mahmut , Dogan Metin , Akkaya Mustafa 
Published: September 2023

Background: There are no definitive anatomic morphometric risk factors for adolescent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Purpose: To compare the parameters used to define the tibial and femoral morphometric structure of the knee between adolescent patients with and without ACL rupture. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and radiographs of 115 patients aged 10 to 17 years who were evaluated for ACL rupture at a single institution between February 1, 2019, and January 31, 2022. Images from 115 patients with intact MRI scans were included as controls. We investigated the following imaging parameters: tibial slope (on lateral radiograph), lateral condylar height, tibial sulcus height, medial condylar height, condylar width, intercondylar notch with, intercondylar notch angle, notch index, eminence width, tibial plateau width, eminence width/tibial plateau width, medial/lateral/overall eminence height, medial plateau depth, and 2 different eminence angles. Parameters were compared between groups using the chi-square, Fisher exact, Student t, or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted for cutoff values of significant parameters. Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, or side affected between groups. Only the medial plateau depth was found to be statistically significant between the ACL rupture and ACL intact groups (2.6 vs 2.2 mm; P = .015). A statistically significant cutoff value could not be obtained for the medial plateau depth. Conclusion: Medial plateau depth was found to be significantly greater in adolescent patients with ACL rupture compared with ACL-intact controls.
Reflux Disease Questionnaire Scoring and Utilization: A Scoping Review
Authors: Reddy Alexander T. , Posner Shai , Harbrecht Matthew , Koutlas Nicholas , Reichstein Jonathan , Cantrell Sarah , Leiman David A. 
Published: September 2023

Background: The RDQ was developed to assist in diagnosing GERD, but is now widely used in multiple contexts and validated in several languages. However, there is no standard RDQ scoring rubric, making comparisons between its uses challenging. Therefore, we performed a scoping review to explore the current applications and scoring cutoffs of the RDQ. Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science electronic databases were systematically searched from January 2001 to January 2021 by a medical librarian using controlled vocabulary terms and keywords to identify experimental and observational study designs. Results: The search strategy yielded 5707 studies and 116 met inclusion criteria yielding a total patient population of 115 064. Studies utilized the RDQ to establish a GERD diagnosis (n = 52, 45%), report the prevalence of GERD symptoms within a specific population (n = 21, 18%), and assess the effect of an intervention on symptoms (n = 43, 37%). There was variability between the scoring threshold used for diagnosing GERD, with total GERD domain score ≥12 being the most commonly used (n = 16, 14%). Conclusions: The RDQ was designed as an aid for diagnosing GERD, but scoring methods and thresholds vary and the RDQ now is used to describe the prevalence of GERD symptoms and to assess symptom response to intervention. Based on the current review, the use of RDQ appears best suited for comparing diagnostic or treatment cohorts in which symptoms are evaluated. Interpretation of RDQ findings outside of a study-specific context is limited without accepted scoring standards.
Sensory interventions to relieve dyspnoea in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Bureau Côme , Niérat Marie-Cécile , Decavèle Maxens , Rivals Isabelle , Dangers Laurence , Beurton Alexandra , Virolle Sara , Deleris Robin , Delemazure Julie , Mayaux Julien , Morélot-Panzini Capucine , Dres Martin , Similowski Thomas , Demoule Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundIn critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation, dyspnoea is frequent, severe and associated with an increased risk of neuropsychological sequelae. We evaluated the efficacy of sensory interventions targeting the brain rather than the respiratory system to relieve dyspnoea in mechanically ventilated patients.MethodsPatients receiving mechanical ventilation for ≥48 h and reporting dyspnoea (unidimensional dyspnoea visual analogue scale (Dyspnoea-VAS)) first underwent increased pressure support and then, in random order, auditory stimulation (relaxing musicversuspink noise) and air flux stimulation (facialversuslower limb). Treatment responses were assessed using Dyspnoea-VAS, the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile and measures of the neural drive to breathe (airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) and electromyography of inspiratory muscles).ResultsWe included 46 patients (tracheotomy or intubation n=37; noninvasive ventilation n=9). Increasing pressure support decreased Dyspnoea-VAS by median 40 mm (p<0.001). Exposure to music decreased Dyspnoea-VAS compared with exposure to pink noise by median 40 mm (p<0.001). Exposure to facial air flux decreased Dyspnoea-VAS compared with limb air flux by median 30 mm (p<0.001). Increasing pressure support, but not music exposure and facial air flux, reducedP0.1by median 3.3 cmH2O (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn mechanically ventilated patients, sensory interventions can modulate the processing of respiratory signals by the brain irrespective of the intensity of the neural drive to breathe. It should therefore be possible to alleviate dyspnoea without resorting to pharmacological interventions or having to infringe the constraints of mechanical ventilation lung protection strategies by increasing ventilatory support.
MRI pulmonary artery flow detects lung vascular pathology in preterms with lung disease
Authors: Häfner Friederike , Kindt Alida , Strobl Kathrin , Förster Kai , Heydarian Motaharehsadat , Gonzalez Erika , Schubert Benjamin , Kraus Yvonne , Dalla Pozza Robert , Flemmer Andreas W. , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Dietrich Olaf , Stoecklein Sophia , Tello Khodr , Hilgendorff Anne 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundPulmonary vascular disease (PVD) affects the majority of preterm neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and significantly determines long-term mortality through undetected progression into pulmonary hypertension. Our objectives were to associate characteristics of pulmonary artery (PA) flow and cardiac function with BPD-associated PVD near term using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for improved risk stratification.MethodsPreterms <32 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) with/without BPD were clinically monitored including standard echocardiography and prospectively enrolled for 3 T MRI in spontaneous sleep near term (AIRR (Attention to Infants at Respiratory Risks) study). Semi-manual PA flow quantification (phase-contrast MRI; no BPD n=28, mild BPD n=35 and moderate/severe BPD n=25) was complemented by cardiac function assessment (cine MRI).ResultsWe identified abnormalities in PA flow and cardiac function,i.e.increased net forward volume right/left ratio, decreased mean relative area change and pathological right end-diastolic volume, to sensitively detect BPD-associated PVD while correcting for PMA (leave-one-out area under the curve 0.88, sensitivity 0.80 and specificity 0.81). We linked these changes to increased right ventricular (RV) afterload (RV–arterial coupling (p=0.02), PA mid-systolic notching (t2; p=0.015) and cardiac index (p=1.67×10−8)) and correlated echocardiographic findings. Identified in moderate/severe BPD, we successfully applied the PA flow model in heterogeneous mild BPD cases, demonstrating strong correlation of PVD probability with indicators of BPD severity,i.e.duration of mechanical ventilation (rs=0.63, p=2.20×10−4) and oxygen supplementation (rs=0.60, p=6.00×10−4).ConclusionsAbnormalities in MRI PA flow and cardiac function exhibit significant, synergistic potential to detect BPD-associated PVD, advancing the possibilities of risk-adapted monitoring.
Direct versus indirect epiglottis elevation in cervical spine movement during videolaryngoscopic intubation under manual in-line stabilization: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Choi Seungeun , Lee Dong Ju , Shin Kyung Won , Kim Yoon Jung , Park Hee-Pyoung , Oh Hyongmin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
During videolaryngoscopic intubation, direct epiglottis elevation provides a higher percentage of glottic opening score than indirect epiglottis elevation. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared cervical spine movement during videolaryngoscopic intubation under manual in-line stabilization between the two glottis exposure methods.

Methods
Videolaryngoscopic intubation under manual in-line stabilization was performed using C-MAC® D-blade: direct (n = 51) and indirect (n = 51) epiglottis elevation groups. The percentage of glottic opening score was set equally at 50% during videolaryngoscopic intubation in both groups. The primary outcome measure was cervical spine movement during videolaryngoscopic intubation at the occiput–C1, C1–C2, and C2–C5. The secondary outcome measures included intubation performance (intubation success rate and intubation time).

Results
Cervical spine movement during videolaryngoscopic intubation was significantly smaller at the occiput–C1 in the direct epiglottis elevation group than in the indirect epiglottis elevation group (mean [standard deviation] 3.9 [4.0] vs. 5.8 [3.4] °, P = 0.011), whereas it was not significantly different at the C1–C2 and C2–C5 between the two groups. All intubations were successful on the first attempt, achieving a percentage of glottic opening score of 50% in both groups. Intubation time was longer in the direct epiglottis elevation group (median [interquartile range] 29.0 [24.0–35.0] vs. 22.0 [18.0–27.0] s, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
When performing videolaryngoscopic intubation under manual in-line stabilization, direct epiglottis elevation can be more beneficial than indirect epiglottis elevation in reducing cervical spine movement during videolaryngoscopic intubation at the occiput–C1.

Trial registration
Clinical Research Information Service (number: KCT0006239, date: 10/06/2021).
Mobilizing morality: how caregivers in Vietnam handle the challenges of daily diabetes care
Authors: Huyen Dieu Bui Thi , Thi Ai Nguyen , Kim Dung Vu Thi , Le Minh Hieu , Gammeltoft Tine , Vestergaard Amalie Rørholm 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
As a chronic disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D) often involves long-term care obligations for patients’ family members. Understanding the socially and culturally specific challenges that family caregivers face and how they cope with them is crucial in developing targeted and effective interventions to support both caregivers and patients with T2D. This research examined family caregiving for people with T2D living in rural northern Vietnam. Although there is a growing literature on family support in Vietnam, little is known about the personal experiences of family caregivers for people with T2D. This paper seeks to fill this gap revealing some of the challenges and coping strategies of family caregivers to people with T2D.

Methods
This qualitative study is based on ethnographic research using primarily semi-structured interviews with 21 caregivers to a person with T2D in Vietnam. The research was conducted in 2022 by a Vietnamese-Danish research team. Each interview was voice-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically coded.

Results
Four major challenges emerged from the analysis: physical health concerns, psychological exhaustion, economic burdens, and lack of support. Caregivers expressed motivation to overcome these challenges as they felt a deep sense of responsibility towards their family member with diabetes. The primary caregiver’s sense of responsibility toward their family would often cause them not to share the burdens from caregiving with other family members to avoid burdening them as well. However, negative experiences from caregiving were decreased and positive feelings increased in the instances where caregiving was shared between multiple family members.

Conclusion
While family members expressed motivation to take care of the patient because of moral obligations, some caregivers, specifically primary caregivers, did not want to burden other family members with care tasks and were reluctant to ask for assistance. For families who did share the caregiving tasks among several family members, some of the negative sentiments associated with caregiving were diminished. Having multiple members of a family forming a caregiving community thus motivated people in handling care challenges.
Educational supervision in internal medicine residency training – a scoping review
Authors: Birkeli Cecilie Normann , Normand Camilla , Rø Karin Isaksson , Kvernenes Monika 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Although supervision is an important part of residency training, its scope and how it relates to other types of support, such as mentoring, precepting and feedback, remain unclear. While clinical supervision consists of ongoing instructions and feedback in the workplace setting, educational supervision is a formalized component of postgraduate medical educational and supports the process that facilitates a trainee’s progression throughout their training. Since medical specialties have different supervisory traditions, this study focuses on educational supervision in internal medicine. Our aim was to investigate what is known about educational supervision practices in internal medicine and the role of educational supervision in supporting residents’ learning.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review of the literature on educational supervision in residency training in internal medicine based on Levac et al.’s modification of Arksey and O’Malley’s six-step framework. The literature search was performed in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Educational Resources Information Center. In addition, we conducted a handsearch in Medical Teacher and Google Scholar. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic research.

Results
Eighteen of the 3,284 identified articles were included in the analysis. We found few empirical studies describing how educational supervision is conducted and what effect routine educational supervision has on residents’ learning. Our findings suggest that the terminology can be confusing and that educational supervision practices in internal medicine has a weak theoretical foundation.

Conclusion
The distinction between educational supervision and other support structures, such as mentoring and feedback, has not been clearly defined in the research literature. We argue that shared terminology is needed to better understand current educational practices and to facilitate clear communication about how to help residents learn.