bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENGLISH INTEREST AND ANXIETY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Sümen Birol , Sümen Özlem Özçakır 
Published: March 2023

Interest and anxiety towards a lesson directly affects the student's success in that course. This study examines secondary school students' interest and anxiety levels in English. The research was conducted in the survey type. 253 secondary school students from a randomly selected public school participated in the study. The research data collection tools are personal information form, English Lesson Interest Scale, and Foreign Language Course Anxiety Scale. Descriptive statistics, student t-test, and ANOVA were used in the data analysis. The analysis revealed that the students' English interest level was high, and their anxiety level was moderate. When the interest and anxiety levels of the students were examined according to their gender, it was found that there was no significant difference between female and male students. However, the total scores differed significantly in both score types according to the grade level. It was found that the English interest level of 5th-grade students is significantly higher than other grade levels, and their anxiety levels were lower than other grade levels. The results were discussed in light of related studies.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0025/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
GRAMMATICAL GENDER & LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY: DOES THE GRAMMATICAL GENDER NATIVE ARABIC SPEAKERS ASSIGN NEUTRAL NOUNS AFFECT HOW THEY PERCEIVE THEM?
Authors: AlSabbagh Zainab Abdulaziz Abdulla 
Published: March 2023

While some Native Arabic speakers assign a certain grammatical gender to neutral nouns based on whether they perceive them to be either a male/masculine or female/feminine like, others assign them a grammatical gender arbitrarily. This research aims to find out 1. whether there is a tendency among Native Arabic speakers to assign neutral nouns male grammatical gender as a result of the Arabic language’s tendency to assign neutral nouns male grammatical gender. It also aims to find out 2. what rationale the Native Arabic speakers have for their grammatical gender assignment of neutral nouns despite the Arabic language's grammatical gender assignment to nouns being arbitrary, in addition to 3. whether or not the participants would assign nouns they find feminine-like a female grammatical gender and nouns that they perceive as masculine-like a male grammatical gender, or would just assign a grammatical gender arbitrarily. This paper's findings showed that the majority of participants of both genders (i.e., males and females) tended to assign male grammatical gender to most of the neutral nouns, as 10 nouns out of 14 were assigned a male grammatical gender by the majority of both male and female participants. The participants stated that they did not perceive the nouns they assigned a male grammatical gender masculine-like but rather assigned them a male grammatical gender either arbitrarily or by default as the Arabic language tends to assign male grammatical gender to neutral nouns, whereas the majority stated that they assigned certain neutral nouns such as my knife and Falafel a female grammatical gender not because they perceived them as feminine-like, but rather because this is what they heard/acquired from those surrounding them. Therefore, the grammatical gender assignment of nouns was not semantic but rather morphological and syntactic and was done by the addition of affixation either to the noun itself or to its adjective.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0065/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF CURRICULUM ADAPTATION FOR LEARNERS WITH MODERATE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY IN ZAMBIA
Authors: Kandimba Humphrey Chinyemba , Mandyata Joseph , Simalalo Magdalene 
Published: March 2023

In recent years, curriculum adaptation in education has received consideration attention, as reflected in the viewpoints and guidelines in policies and practice in education. It is believed to have the potential of providing opportunities to learners to access quality education. Curriculum adaptation itself, involves differentiation in learning content and instructions, aimed at aiding learners learning. The study explored teachers’ understanding of curriculum adaptation involving learners with moderate intellectual disabilities in Zambian primary schools. An interpretive phenomenological design supported by qualitative approaches was used. The sample size involved 15 special education teachers. An expert purposive sampling technique was used in to select participants. Data was collected using an in-depth interview guide. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study revealed mixed views on teachers’ knowledge on curriculum adaptation. While some teachers limited understanding to just modifying content, others saw adaptation beyond adapting subject content. They believed adaptation to include; adjusting instructional strategies, learning resources, and learning environment as well as collaboration with other stakeholders such as parents and relevant professionals to make learners learn. The study also, revealed that although some teachers did not quite comprehend it, those who did so, showed understanding through the ability to: modify instructional strategies; adjust learning materials; simplify learning content and adjusted the learning environment and provision of extra time for learning and assessment time learners learn. Teachers’ understanding, however, was punctuated by several gaps: ill-preparedness of teachers, long periods of class preparation, limited base resources for adaptation and unwillingness of stakeholders to participate. The study recommends, upgrading teachers’ understanding and skills on curriculum adaptation practices through in-house training.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0099/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Evaluation of Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Flowing CO2-Saturated Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Qiliang , Jiang Wanheng , Wang Zijie , Wang Lidong , Huang Yi , Xu Yunze 
Published: March 2023

In this study, the corrosion and erosion-corrosion behaviors of X65 pipeline steel in the flowing CO2-saturated electrolyte were electrochemically studied using a rotation disk system. The results showed that the accumulation of the Fe3C layer in the electrolyte without sand particles enhanced the cathodic reaction, increasing the corrosion rate. The increase in flow velocity facilitated the rapid accumulation of a thick Fe3C layer, which linearly increased the corrosion rate with increasing rotation speed. The sand impacts removed the corrosion product layer and broke the exposed Fe3C network, resulting in a negative synergy of erosion-enhanced corrosion. The erosion-corrosion negatively affected ferrites compared with the pearlites in an electrolyte containing sand due to the weaker erosion resistance.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Effects on Kidney and Liver and their Correlations with CDAI
Authors: Tamara Salman Mohammed  , Raya Ezat Maroof  , Ali Hussein Al-Hafidh  
Published: March 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease characterized by chronic autoimmune inflammation of body joints, causing movement disability, loss of functions, joint damage, and many complications. Persistent usage of anti-rheumatic drugs has several side effects, which may cause heart, kidney, or liver diseases.
This study aims to assess the influence of RA duration on kidney and liver enzymes and study the correlation between these enzyme levels and RA disease activity (CDAI). This study collected a total of 150 blood samples. 100 samples for RA patients (61 were seropositive, 39 were seronegative), and 50 for healthy Control. throughout the period from November 2021 to February 2022. The blood samples were collected from Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Rheumatology Consulting Clinic. General information had been collected from each subject according to a questionnaire that had been applied for this purpose.
The age groups of patients and control were between 22-72 years, and 26-62 years old, respectively. The female participants were more than the male counterparts. The blood samples were taken from patients and control groups to screen liver and kidney functions by an automated biochemical system using the SELECTRA PRO X2 device, in addition to the ESR test. The study showed that the levels of urea, creatinine, GPT, and GOT were either normal or slightly elevated and they are non-significantly associated with RA disease activity, the little effect of RA on kidney and liver may be related to the low doses of methotrexate and corticosteroid therapy which used mostly for these patients and didn’t reach to toxicity.
Role of serum free fatty acids in determining severity of diabetic nephropathy: A case control study
Authors: S. M. Deepali , J. G. Ambekar , S. M. Goornavar , Dongre Nilima , Ratna Sanjeev 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Aim: The Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a result of impaired renal function in Type 2 diabetes. At the onset of diabetes, microvascular complication increases due to accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) causing renal damage. A study was conducted to estimate the concentration of serum FFA causing severity of diabetic nephropathy.

Materials and Methods: 90 Type 2 diabetic subjects and 30 study controls (age group 35 to 65 years) were selected from the medicine OPD of S N Medical College and HSK Hospital, Bagalkot. Based on the presence of microalbuminuria, the 90 Type 2 diabetic patients were equally divided in to 3 groups, named as stage I to stage III. The serum FFA was estimated by ELISA method in these three groups and control subjects. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 19 utilizing unpaired “t” test for quantitative data and Pearson’s correlation tests.

Results: The estimated serum FFA levels in stage I to III was found to be higher and highly significant as compared to control (p=0.001). We find the best cut off value of serum FFA was 4.75 mmol/L, causing severity of diabetic nephropathy. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.92 with the specificity of 86%, sensitivity 89% and the diagnostic accuracy was found to be of 87%.

Conclusion: Serum free fatty acid levels were higher in diabetic nephropathy subjects, which could be used as diagnostic marker for the severity of renal damage with cut off value of 4.75 mmol/L.
Association between duration of diabetes mellitus and presence as well as severity of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients: A tertiary care hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: As Rajarshi , Sinha Bosumita , Ghosh Chitra , Ghosh Chowdhury Srila , Sengupta Pinaki 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a large public health problem which is rapidly growing globally as well as in India affecting all age groups. Long duration of diabetes mellitus increases the risk of micro-vascular complications like diabetic retinopathy. The objective was to establish the association between duration of diabetes and presence as well as severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kolkata, approved by the institutional Research and Ethics Committee. In this study, 107 type 2 diabetic patients of 40 years of age and above were selected. Direct ophthalmoscopy (Heine beta-200) was used for detection & grading of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Results: Results were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi square test, Fisher Exact test, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis test were used in statistical analysis as appropriate. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Significant P values were found in association between duration of diabetes and presence as well as severity of diabetic retinopathy. In binary logistic regression, p value was significant, and odds ratio was 1.089 in case of duration of DM (95% C.I. for Odds Ratio was 1.020-1.164).

Conclusion: Results showed that there was statistically significant association between long duration of diabetes and presence along with severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Isolation, characterization and optimization of Cystobasidium minutum for phytase production
Authors: G. A. Gowthami , B. S. Gunashree 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Aim: Phytic acid (myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6- hexakis dihydro­gen phosphate), a storage form of phosphorus is present in legumes, cereals and oilseeds. By forming insoluble complexes with proteins and divalent cations, it serves as an anti-nutrient in animal feed. Phytase (EC 3.1.3.8), a special class of phosphomonoesterases, catalyse the conversion of inorganic phosphate into mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-phosphates of derivatives of myo-inositol. It is an important enzyme in food and feed industries. The present study aimed at isolation, molecular identification and optimization of physico-chemical parameters for phytase production by a red pigmented yeast Cystobasidium minutum.

Materials and Methods: The phytase activity was estimated by using sodium phytate as substrate and the production of phytase under varied temperature, pH, agitation, incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources.

Results: The results showed maximum activity of 91.86 and 27.13 U/ml at 35°C and pH 5.5. At an agitation speed of 150 rpm and 120h of incubation time the enzyme activity was 18.9 and 21.4 U/ml respectively. Among the carbon sources tested sucrose served for highest enzyme activity of 26.33 U/ml and ammonium sulphate served the sole source of nitrogen and showed an activity of 50.12 U/ml.

Conclusion: Cystobasidium minutum (Rhodotorula minutum) produced maximum phytase enzyme in an optimized physical and chemical condition. Hence, from the present investigation, it is found that optimization of physic-chemical conditions may be a promising tool for the growth of organisms and also maximum yield of any metabolite.
Investigation of the pathogenesis, clinical course, and early and late consequences of the zone of perifocal edema of glial brain tumors with its surgical and drug correction
Authors: Karimov Zhenishbek , Mamytov Mitalip , Zhusupbaeva Gulzat , Kanaev Ryskulbek , Mamatov Sagynali , Smailova Diana 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Aim: Perifocal edema are the cause of the severity of patients, increasing intracranial pressure and dislocation syndrome. The objective of this study is to plan an adequate approach to the area of perifocal edema in the treatment of patients with glial brain tumors by studying the pathogenesis and consequences.

Methods: 720 patients with glial tumors with varying degrees of malignancy and a zone of perifocal edema were operated and of these, 281 patients with GRADE I-IV astrocytoma, 147 patients with GRADE I-III oligodendroglioma, 115 patients with GRADE I-III ependymoma, and 177 patients with GRADE IV glioblastoma. The zone of perifocal edema was assessed by a point system from 1–5 points.

Results: The glial tumor was significantly more common in the age group of 45-59 years (44.9 ± 2.1 cases per 100 patients). In the zone of perifocal edema at a distance from the tumor up to 1.5-2.0 cm, there was a site of apoptosis, demyelination, and destruction of nerve fibers.

Conclusion: The surgical approach proposed by us with the removal of the apoptosis zone and the zone of perifocal inflammation is the key to the successful recovery of patients, without or with minimal postoperative complications.
ANALISIS OPERASIONAL DALAM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL ATAS KETERSEDIAAN BARANG DAGANG PT. KIMIA FARMA BATAM
Authors: Zetty Aqmi Alifia Lisda , Cuandra Fendy , Saprudin Muhammad , Hafidz Muhammad Syachrani , Rumapea Stefania 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the operations at PT. Kimia Farma before, during and after the covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on all sectors including the health sector, so further analysis is carried out regarding the operational changes that have occurred at PT. Kimia Farma. The research method used is a qualitative approach by processing secondary data. The results of this study summarize the operations of PT. Kimia Farma in designing a product both finished products and raw materials, warehouse locations, factories, research sites and company assets such as strategic medicine gardens, supply chain processes to inventory management PT. Kimia Farma.
Examining the frequency of dysphagia and the predictive factors of dysphagia that require attention in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Babajani Roshan Tahereh , Behzad Catherine , Saadat Payam , Bijani Ali , Dehghan Mehdi , Ahmadi Ahangar Alijan 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Due to the prevalence of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its complications such as aspiration pneumonia, which is the main cause of death in these patients, PD-related disability can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia.
Objective. The present study was aimed at investigating the frequency of dysphagia in PD patients.
Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study included 150 PD patients visiting a Neurology Clinic. The severity of PD was determined based on the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and modified Hoen and Yahr (HYS) Scale. The Munich Dysphagia Test-Parkinson's disease (MDT-PD) questionnaire was used to assess dysphagia. Comparisons were made using generalized Fisher exact, Chi-square, ANOVA, and KruskalWallis tests. Predictive factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Statistical analyses were performed at significance level of 0.05.
Results. Out of all 150 patients referred to the Clinic, the prevalence of dysphagia requiring attention was 25.3% (n = 38). The patients of the three groups according to the MDT-PD (no noticeable dysphagia, noticeable oropharyngeal, and dysphagia with aspiration risk) had a significant difference only in terms of the PD duration (p 0.001). In the predicting of dysphagia, the longer PD duration (p = 0.011) and homemaker occupation (p = 0.033) were protective factors, while female gender was a risk factor (p = 0.011).
Conclusion. The prevalence of dysphagia requiring attention in the studied patients was 25.3%. It decreased with the longer duration of the disease, and its prevalence was lower in homemaker patients, while the odds of dysphagia was 5.8 times higher in women than in men.
Ernst Bos en Carl Koopmans: Ex-post maatschappelijke kosten-batenanalyse: leren van het verleden, voor beter beleidsonderzoek
Authors: Bos Ernst , Koopmans Carl 
Published: March 2023

Ex-post maatschappelijke kosten-batenanalyse
Maatschappelijke kosten-batenanalyses (MKBA’s) worden regelmatig uitgevoerd voordat er een besluit wordt genomen, maar ex-post-MKBA’s zijn er in Nederland nauwelijks. Dit beperkt de mogelijkheden om te leren, zowel over de effecten van beleid als over de veronderstellingen in MKBA’s. De schaarse (vooral buitenlandse) casestudies laten zien dat het ondanks methodologische uitdagingen goed mogelijk is om ex-post-MKBA’s uit te voeren. De uitkomsten van ex-post-MKBA’s en ex-ante-MKBA’s blijken doorgaans echter sterk te verschillen. Het vergroten van het aantal ex-post-MKBA’s maakt verbetering van de betrouwbaarheid van MKBA mogelijk. En dat draagt uiteindelijk bij aan de doelmatigheid en doeltreffendheid van beleid.
Woninginbraken tijdens COVID-19: de performantie van een voorspellend criminaliteitsmodel in tijden van pandemie
Authors: Hardyns Wim , Khalfa Robin 
Published: March 2023

Residential burglary during COVID-19: Evaluating the performance of a predictive crime model in times of a pandemic
In this contribution, the authors examine the spatiotemporal distribution of residential burglaries in a Belgian police zone based on monthly residential burglaries before and during the COVID-19 crisis and assess the performance of a predictive crime model during this period. In general, compared to 2019, there were fewer home burglaries in 2020 during the COVID-19 crisis. Except for a few changes, the spatial distribution of residential burglaries in 2020 is largely similar to that of residential burglaries in 2019. The authors observe that the predictive crime model performs significantly worse at the start of the pandemic and when severe measures are taken, but that the model’s performance then rises again after a few months as the algorithm becomes more proficient in adjusting itself to big societal changes.
Online jeugdcriminaliteit in coronatijd
Authors: Weulen Kranenbarg Marleen , Weerman Frank 
Published: March 2023

Juvenile online crime in times of corona: trends in self-reported offending, activities and contacts with friends in a high-risk group
At the start of the corona pandemic, many speculated that opportunities for online crime would increase due to the drastic lockdown measures, especially for young people. In this article we explore whether this was the case and whether this was related to changes in young people's daily lives. Using Routine Activity Theory and the unstructured socializing perspective, we expected that offline delinquency would decrease and online delinquency would increase due to a decrease in offline and an increase in online activities and contacts. We used a unique longitudinal dataset with self-report data, collected from a high-risk group of young people (N=289; age 13-25 years) in ICT education (secondary school and MBO). Results show that activities and contacts with friends changed as expected. Young people indicated that, on average, offline contacts and activities decreased, while online contacts and activities increased. Nevertheless, across all forms of crime, delinquency rates for many young people remained stable. Changes that did occur generally showed a decrease in delinquency. This was true even for the different forms of online delinquency (both cyber-dependent crime and cyber-enabled crime). Multinomial models show that changes in delinquency are partially related to changes in activities and contact with friends, but not entirely as we had expected based on criminological theory. Finally, we discuss the lessons (theoretical implications and future research) that we as criminologists can learn from the natural experiment of the corona pandemic.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Coconut Shells as Coarse Aggregate Partial Replacement
Authors: Rajendran Thanendrann , Abdul Rahman Norhana 
Published: March 2023

In most tropical countries, especially in Asia, where afflicted nations included the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia, agricultural waste was disposed of in enormous amounts. Poorly designed garbage disposal techniques are one of the biggest environmental ills. Environmental conservation efforts have been severely hampered by the disposal and management problems posed by wastes produced by industrial and agricultural operations. This study was carried out to find optimal replacement of coconut shell taken at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing by conducting mechanical properties tests. In this investigation, coconut shell concrete was produced by replacing coarse aggregate with coconut shells by 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of the total coarse aggregates. The results suggest that 10% replacement of coconut shell produces the optimum value for coarse aggregate replacement based on the compressive strength and Schmidt rebound hammer test results.