bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late postemergence glufosinate‐based programs for glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth control in dicamba/glufosinate/glyphosate‐resistant soybean
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Aulakh Jatinder S. , Liu Rui , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlyphosate‐resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is widespread in the Central Great Plains. Introduction of newly developed dicamba/glufosinate/glyphosate (DGG)‐resistant soybean varieties allows postemergence (POST) applications of dicamba and glufosinate for in‐season control of GR Palmer amaranth. Limited information exists on the effectiveness of glufosinate applied late‐POST for tall (70–90 cm) GR Palmer amaranth control in DGG‐resistant soybean. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the effectiveness of late‐POST glufosinate‐based programs for GR Palmer amaranth control, and (2) determine the impact of those programs on soybeans grain yields. Ten glufosinate‐based programs were tested in a field study at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, Kansas. Results indicated that single (655 or 737 g ha−1) and all sequential (594 followed by [fb] 594, 655 fb 594, and 737 fb 594 g ha−1) applications (7‐days apart) of glufosinate provided 87%–93% control of GR Palmer amaranth 28 days after last POST (DALPOST). Palmer amaranth control with single late‐POST application of glufosinate (594 g ha−1) or glufosinate plus S‐metolachlor did not exceed 84% at 28 DALPOST. Majority of the evaluated programs reduced shoot dry weights of GR Palmer amaranth by 83%–91%. The least control (11%) and shoot dry weight reduction (33%) of GR Palmer amaranth were observed with glyphosate fb glyphosate. Glufosinate‐based programs resulted in soybean grain yield of 626–701 kg ha−1. These results conclude that glufosinate applied late‐POST may provide effective control of tall GR Palmer amaranth in DGG‐resistant soybeans.
Efficient Synthesis of Medium‐sized Nitrogen Heterocycles by Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Ene‐ynamides
Authors: Yamaoka Yousuke , Takeuchi Nao , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Takasu Kiyosei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA Brønsted acid‐catalysed cyclization of ene‐ynamides has been developed to construct 7‐ or 8‐membered azacycles in good to high yields. The use of a simple C=C double bond as a nucleophile enables the synthesis of medium‐sized ring from an acyclic ynamide. This reaction system features simple and mild reaction conditions without any metal catalysts, and no requirement of high dilution for medium‐sized ring formation. This method is applicable to a variety of substituents on the ynamides, such as alkyl, aryl, acetylene and silyloxy group.
Temperature‐triggered oxidative polymerization for high conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) sheets at millimeter scale
Authors: Fan Wei , Xu Fang , Gong Kun , Lou Hongfei , Zhang Xubo , Liu Dongzhi , Li Wei , Zhou Xueqin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is one of the most widely used conductive polymers extensively applied in the electronic components and optoelectronic devices. However, its insolubility and infusibility lead to a complex in situ polymerization process or a sacrificed conductivity in practice. In this paper, we report a facile preparation method of high conductive PEDOT sheets through in situ oxidative polymerization of stable EDOT one‐pot prepolymerization solution. The prepolymerization solution is solvent‐free and can be maintained for more than 30 days at about −20°C. The oxidative polymerization can be triggered by temperature to achieve uniform PEDOT sheets with a thickness ranging from 200 nm to over 2 mm. The thick PEDOT sheets obtained through a mold exhibit a conductivity over 1 S cm−1depending on the thickness. For electromagnetic shielding applications, PEDOT sheets of 500 μm thickness are capable of shielding over 99% of electromagnetic waves. The thin PEDOT sheets prepared by spin‐coating display high conductivity with a sheet resistance as low as 110 Ω sq−1, superior to those prepared by the oxidant‐triggered oxidative polymerization. The temperature‐triggered oxidative polymerization can be a promising strategy for the preparation of high conductive PEDOT sheets.
Biodiesel as a transport fuel, advantages and disadvantages: review
Authors: Gebremariam Shemelis Nigatu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWorld energy demand is increasing due to expanding economic activity, which in turn is driven by population growth and improving standards of living. Economic activity, in one way or another, requires mobility, and this is consuming most of the world oil supply. In this regard, energy consumption in the transport sector is becoming the determining factor in sustaining ever increasing economic activity. Meanwhile, it is very evident that the transport sector is responsible for about 29% of total energy‐related CO2 emissions. The possible solution suggested by many scholars, to avert the negative environmental effect of using conventional transport fuels, entails shifting to renewable forms of energy like liquid biofuels and electricity. Among the liquid biofuels, biodiesel is receiving due recognition for its environmental and fuel benefits. The use of biodiesel as a transport fuel has many advantages and disadvantages. These are associated with a number of factors including the characteristics of the raw materials used, the type of processes applied for biodiesel production, and the blending/mixing ratio with other fuels and with additives. Accordingly, this paper reviews the research carried out in relation to biodiesel as transport fuel, emphasizing the technical and economic aspects of the advantages and disadvantages of using biodiesel as transport fuel. The various biodiesel fuel properties are reviewed and the major factors affecting these properties are indicated. The main drawbacks of biodiesel as transport fuel include its inferior oxidative stability and cold flow properties as well as its cost. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Possible mitigating effect of adropin on lung injury in diabetic rats: Targeting the role of Rho A/Rho‐associated kinase pathway
Authors: Rizk Fatma H. , El‐Saka Mervat H. , Ibrahim Rowida Raafat , El‐Deeb Omnia Safwat , Ibrahim Hoda A. , El Saadany Amira A. , Mashal Shaimaa S. , Ammar Leila , Abdelsattar Amal M. , Barhoma Ramez A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated possible mitigating effect of adropin on lung injury in diabetic rats, targeting role of Rho A/Rho‐associated kinase pathway. Rats were allocated into four groups: control, adropin, diabetic, and diabetic+adropin groups. At the termination of the experiment, serum fasting glucose, insulin and adropin levels and insulin resistance were calculated. Wet/dry ratio, histopathological, immunohistochemical analyses, and relative real time gene expression of lung tissue was determined. Interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, 8‐Oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, Bcl‐2, BAX, myeloperoxidase, intracellular adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and transforming growth factor‐β were determined in lung tissue. Adropin treatment in diabetic rats notably attenuated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Also, it mitigated diabetic lung injury via suppressing effect on Rho A/ROCK pathway, apoptosis, inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and fibrosis of lung tissue. Adropin can be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for treating diabetic lung injury.
Considerations for operational space definition and optimization of a no‐salt flowthrough hydrophobic interaction chromatography purification step
Authors: Dilks Allyson Tucker , Gilchrist Joanne , Lam Yik , Nicholes Nathan , Stanley Brad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNo‐salt flowthrough hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) has been shown to effectively remove process and product‐related impurities from bioprocess streams. In this publication, a panel of six antibodies has been used to demonstrate operating principles for the application of no‐salt flowthrough HIC in antibody purification processes. The results indicate that no‐salt flowthrough HIC provides robust aggregate clearance across operating conditions including flow rate, and variations in resin ligand density. Additionally, HMW reduction has an optimal pH range relative to the isoelectric point of each molecule and high molecular weight (HMW) reduction can be improved by altering the total protein load and/or HMW concentration to drive binding of high molecular weight species to the resin.
Prediagnostic markers of insulin resistance and prostate cancer risk and death: A pooled study
Authors: Jochems Sylvia H. J. , Fritz Josef , Häggström Christel , Stattin Pär , Stocks Tanja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundInsulin resistance has been shown to be related to a higher risk of several cancers, but the association with prostate cancer (PCa) has been inconsistent.MethodsWe investigated prediagnostic markers of insulin resistance in men in four cohorts in Sweden, in relation to PCa risk (total, non‐aggressive and aggressive) and PCa death using multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression. The number of men, PCa cases and PCa deaths was up to 66,668, 3940 and 473 for plasma glucose and the triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index, and up to 3898, 586 and 102 for plasma insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and leptin.ResultsHigher HbA1c was related to a lower risk of non‐aggressive PCa but no significant associations were found for insulin resistance markers with the risk of aggressive or total PCa. In PCa cases, higher glucose and TyG index were related to a higher risk of PCa death (hazard ratio [HR] per higher standard deviation, 1.22, 95% CI 1.00–1.49 and 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.55), which further increased when restricting the analyses to glucose and TyG index measures taken <10 years before the PCa diagnosis (HR, 1.70, 95% CI 1.09–2.70 and 1.66, 95% CI 1.12–2.51). No associations were observed for other markers in relation to PCa death.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed no associations of insulin resistance markers with the risk of clinically relevant PCa, but higher glucose and TyG index were associated with poorer survival from PCa. The lack of association for other insulin resistance markers may be due to their smaller sample size.
Towards more accurate classification of risk of arrest among offenders on community supervision: An application of machine learning versus logistic regression
Authors: Maynard Brandy R. , Vaughn Michael G. , Prasad‐Srivastava Sweta , Alsolami Abdullaziz , DeLisi Matthew , McGuire Dyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is general consensus about the behavioural, clinical and sociodemographic variables that are risk factors for reoffending, optimal statistical modelling of these variables is less clear. Machine learning techniques offer an approach that may provide greater accuracy than traditional methods.AimTo compare the performance of advanced machine learning techniques (classification trees and random forests) to logistic regression in classifying correlates of rearrest among adult probationers and parolees in the United States.MethodData were from the subgroup of people on probation or parole who had taken part in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health for the years 2015–2019. We compared the performance of logistic regression, classification trees and random forests, using receiver operating characteristic curves, to examine the correlates of arrest within the past 12 months.ResultsWe found that machine learning techniques, specifically random forests, possessed significantly greater accuracy than logistic regression in classifying correlates of arrest.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the potential for enhanced risk classification. The next step would be to develop applications for criminal justice and clinical practice to inform better support and management strategies for former offenders in the community.
AuxPdy‐based Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts for Plasmon‐mediated Enhanced Catalysis under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Mhembere Panashe M. , Tallone Paolo , Manzoli Maela , Cerrato Giuseppina , Watanabe Ryo , Fukuhara Choji , Raja Robert , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe formation of hybrid plasmonic nanocatalysts made of Au nanoparticles (NPs) combined with catalytically active NPs has gained great attention owing to their interesting properties and efficient catalysis under visible light irradiation. However, the research on the combination of plasmonic metal NPs with unique support frameworks is still limited. In this report, the varying ratio of AuxPdy prepared by the extrusion method on the CuClP framework has been correlated to its optimized catalysis in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction in dark and under visible light irradiation. The prepared catalysts AuxPdy/CuClP were characterized by spectroscopic techniques to understand the structural and electronic modification with different metal ratios. The presence of bimetallic NPs on the surface was confirmed by HR‐TEM measurements and [MCl4]n− species in the framework were validated by XPS, FT‐EXAFS, DR UV‐Vis‐NIR, and Raman analysis. The obtained results display the superior catalytic performance and highest plasmonic enhancement factor over Au1Pd1/CuClP under visible light irradiation, which was facilely recycled and reused for several cycles. The hot‐electron transfer mechanism has been discussed for enhanced catalysis in the plasmon‐driven Suzuki−Miyaura coupling reaction. These results are highly significant in the rational design of new plasmonic photocatalysts combined with unique support materials.
Next‐generation matrices for marine metapopulations: The case of sea lice on salmon farms
Authors: Harrington Peter D. , Cantrell Danielle L. , Lewis Mark A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClassifying habitat patches as sources or sinks and determining metapopulation persistence requires coupling connectivity between habitat patches with local demographic rates. While methods to calculate sources, sinks, and metapopulation persistence exist for discrete‐time models, there is no method that is consistent across modeling frameworks. In this paper, we show how next‐generation matrices, originally popularized in epidemiology to calculate new infections after one generation, can be used in an ecological context to calculate sources and sinks as well as metapopulation persistence in marine metapopulations. To demonstrate the utility of the method, we construct a next‐generation matrix for a network of sea lice populations on salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago, BC, an intensive salmon farming region on the west coast of Canada where certain salmon farms are currently being removed under an agreement between local First Nations and the provincial government. The column sums of the next‐generation matrix can determine if a habitat patch is a source or a sink and the spectral radius of the next‐generation matrix can determine the persistence of the metapopulation. With respect to salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago, we identify the salmon farms which are acting as the largest sources of sea lice and show that in this region the most productive sea lice populations are also the most connected. The farms which are the largest sources of sea lice have not yet been removed from the Broughton Archipelago, and warming temperatures could lead to increased sea louse growth. Calculating sources, sinks, and persistence in marine metapopulations using the next‐generation matrix is biologically intuitive, mathematically equivalent to previous methods, and consistent across different modeling frameworks.
Translational immunology: Applying fundamental discoveries to human health and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Buckner Jane H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudying the human immune system is challenging. These challenges stem from the complexity of the immune system itself, the heterogeneity of the immune system between individuals, and the many factors that lead to this heterogeneity including the influence of genetics, environment, and immune experience. Studies of the human immune system in the context of disease are increased in complexity as multiple combinations and variations in immune pathways can lead to a single disease. Thus, although individuals with a disease may share clinical features, the underlying disease mechanisms and resulting pathophysiology can be diverse among individuals with the same disease diagnosis. This has consequences for the treatment of diseases, as no single therapy will work for everyone, therapeutic efficacy varies among patients, and targeting a single immune pathway is rarely 100% effective. This review discusses how to address these challenges by identifying and managing the sources of variation, improving access to high‐quality, well‐curated biological samples by building cohorts, applying new technologies such as single‐cell omics and imaging technologies to interrogate samples, and bringing to bear computational expertise in conjunction with immunologists and clinicians to interpret those results. The review has a focus on autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, MS, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes, but its recommendations are also applicable to studies of other immune‐mediated diseases.
The association between women's disability and acceptance towards intimate partner violence among women and their male partners: A multi‐country analysis
Authors: Zhang Cheyu , Kanselaar Samantha , Zaidi Jaffer , Gupta Jhumka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether disabled women are more likely to report accepting attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV) than non‐disabled women, and whether male partners of disabled women are more likely to accept IPV than male partners of non‐disabled women.MethodsSecondary analysis of nationally representative cross‐sectional data from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) in nine countries. Logistic regression examined the relationship between (1) women's disability and IPV acceptance (n = 114 695) and (2) women's disability and their male partners' IPV acceptance (n = 20 566); pooled and country‐specific estimates were calculated.ResultsIPV acceptance ranged from 5% to 80% among women and from 5% to 56% among male partners. Overall, disabled women were more accepting of IPV than non‐disabled women (pooled adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.20), with country‐specific aOR ranging from 1.05 to 1.63. Overall, disabled women's male partners had higher likelihood of IPV acceptance than non‐disabled women's partners (pooled aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00–1.28).; country‐specific estimates varied (aOR range from 0.56 to 1.40).ConclusionDisabled women and their male partners had higher IPV acceptance compared with non‐disabled women and their male partners. More research is needed to better understand this association, including disability‐associated discrimination. Findings underscore the importance of more research with disabled women and their partners to address IPV.
‘Nobody taught her how to be a mother’: The lived experience of mothering without a mother
Authors: Walsh Amy , Tiernan Bridget , Thompson Brent , McCormack David , Adair Pauline 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMaternal grandmothers play a vital role in the transition to motherhood for their own daughters. The current study adds to this literature by investigating the lived experience of motherhood for women who lacked a meaningful relationship with their mothers. Ten mothers of children under 2 years of age participated in a semi‐structured interview to explore their lived experiences of being a mother. Women were recruited from two parent‐infant services in Northern Ireland. The interviews were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three superordinate themes were identified: ‘The Birth of a Mother’, ‘Mourning and Loss’ and ‘Ghosts in the Nursery’. The first theme captured the significant change of identity women experienced during their transition to motherhood. This identity change shed new light on their own experience of being mothered. The second theme captured the mourning and loss these women felt due to their relationship with their mother. Their lack of meaningful maternal relationships have left a hole impossible to fill. The final theme spoke to the intergenerational element of these mother's experience and their desire to break a cycle of maternal deprivation. The rich content from the interviews highlights the need for services to be aware of this struggle of motherhood.
Pre‐exposure prophylaxis adherence and discontinuation at an urban pre‐exposure prophylaxis program in Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Yacout Hiba , Smith Bradley L. , Foster Shelbie , Lora Meredith , Niles‐Carnes Larisa V. , Zheng Ziduo , Kundu Suprateek , Cantos Valeria D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectiveness is directly correlated with medication adherence. Grady Health System (GHS) developed a PrEP program to optimize PrEP uptake in Atlanta, Georgia. The purpose of this study is to determine PrEP medication adherence and its associated factors during the first 18 months of the program's implementation. A single‐center, retrospective chart review was conducted on patients enrolled in a PrEP program in Atlanta, Georgia, between June 1, 2018 and February 29, 2020, who received more than one PrEP prescription. The primary outcome was mean adherence to PrEP, using the medication possession ratio (MPR). This study included 154 primarily young patients (mean 34 years of age), Black (70.8%), uninsured (59.1%), and cisgender men (62.3%). Mean PrEP adherence was 89.2%; 77.3% of patients had an MPR ≥ 80% (high adherence). Of all patients, 71 (46%) met PrEP discontinuation criteria. This PrEP program demonstrated high levels of PrEP adherence with discontinuation rates similar to other PrEP programs nationwide, despite a higher index of social vulnerability in the area. Future areas of research include identifying the specific program‐related factors that may optimize PrEP adherence in areas with high indices of social vulnerability.
Novel acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography based on ultrasmall ultrasound transducer for biomechanics evaluation of in vivo cornea
Authors: Zhu Yirui , Zhao Yanzhi , Shi Jiulin , Gomez Alvarez‐arenas Tomas E. , Yang Hongwei , Cai Hongling , Zhang Dong , He Xingdao , Wu Xiaoshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe developed a novel acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF‐OCE) based on an ultrasmall ultrasound transducer for quantitative biomechanics evaluations of in vivo cornea. A custom single‐sided meta‐ultrasonic transducer with an outer diameter of 1.8 mm, focal spot diameter of 1.6 mm, central frequency of 930 kHz, and focal length of 0.8 mm was applied to excite the sample. The sample arm of the ARF‐OCE system employed a three‐dimensional printed holder that allowed for ultrasound excitation and ARF‐OCE detection. The phase‐resolved algorithm was combined with a Lamb wave model to depth‐resolved evaluate corneal biomechanics after keratoconus and cross‐linking treatments (CXL). The results showed that, compare to the healthy cornea, the Lamb wave velocity was significantly reduced in the keratoconus, increased in the cornea after CXL, and increased with cross‐linked irradiation energy in the cornea. These results indicated the good clinical translation potential of the proposed novel ARF‐OCE.