bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position- and posture-dependent vascular imaging—a scoping review
Authors: van Zandwijk Jordy K. , Simmering Jaimy A. , Schuurmann Richte C.L. , Simonis Frank F.J. , ten Haken Bennie , de Vries Jean-Paul P.M. , Geelkerken Robert H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Position- and posture-dependent deformation of the vascular system is a relatively unexplored field. The goal of this scoping review was to create an overview of existing vascular imaging modalities in different body positions and postures and address the subsequent changes in vascular anatomy.

Methods
Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane were searched for literature published between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2022, incorporating the following categories: image modality, anatomy, orientation, and outcomes.

Results
Out of 2446 screened articles, we included 108. The majority of papers used ultrasound (US, n = 74) in different body positions and postures with diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) as outcome measures. Magnetic resonance imaging (n = 22) and computed tomography (n = 8) were less frequently used but allowed for investigation of other geometrical measures such as vessel curvature and length. The venous system proved more sensitive to postural changes than the arterial system, which was seen as increasing diameters of veins below the level of the heart when going from supine to prone to standing positions, and vice versa.

Conclusions
The influence of body positions and postures on vasculature was predominantly explored with US for vessel diameter and CSA. Posture-induced deformation and additional geometrical features that may be of interest for the (endovascular) treatment of vascular pathologies have been limitedly reported, such as length and curvature of an atherosclerotic popliteal artery during bending of the knee after stent placement. The most important clinical implications of positional changes are found in diagnosis, surgical planning, and follow-up after stent placement.

Clinical relevance statement
This scoping review presents the current state and opportunities of position- and posture-dependent imaging of vascular structures using various imaging modalities that are relevant in the fields of clinical diagnosis, surgical planning, and follow-up after stent placement.

Key Points
• The influence of body positions and postures on the vasculature was predominantly investigated with US for vessel diameter and cross-sectional area.
• Research into geometrical deformation, such as vessel length and curvature adaptation, that may be of interest for the (endovascular) treatment of vascular pathologies is limited in different positions and postures.
• The most important clinical implications of postural changes are found in diagnosis, surgical planning, and follow-up after stent placement.
Hypogonadism is frequent in very old men with multimorbidity and is associated with anemia and sarcopenia
Authors: Schluessel Sabine , Bidlingmaier Martin , Martini Sebastian , Reincke Martin , Reisch Nicole , Schaupp Anna , Stalla Günter , Teupser Daniel , Schmidmaier Ralf , Drey Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Clinical data regarding hypogonadism in very old men with multimorbidity are rare. Hypogonadism can contribute to osteoporosis, anemia and sarcopenia and is therefore a relevant problem for geriatric patients.

Methods
A total of 167 men aged 65–96 years (mean 81 ± 7 years) admitted to an acute geriatric ward were included in a cross-sectional study. Body composition derived from dual-energy X‑ray absorptiometry, bone mineral density, handgrip strength, multimorbidity, polypharmacy and laboratory values were obtained from the routine electronic clinical patient file.

Results
Hypogonadism was present in 62% (n = 104) of the study participants, of whom 83% showed clinical manifestation of hypogonadism (hypogonadism in combination with anemia, sarcopenia and/or low T‑score). The subgroups showed a distribution of 52% primary and 48% secondary hypogonadism. Compared to the eugonadal patients, hypogonadal patients had reduced handgrip strength (p = 0.031) and lower hemoglobin levels (p = 0.043), even after adjustment for age, body mass index and glomerular filtration rate.

Conclusion
Hypogonadism is common in geriatric patients. If chronic anemia, sarcopenia, or osteoporosis are diagnosed, testosterone levels should be determined in geriatric settings.
Trace elements in abyssal peridotite olivine record melting, thermal evolution, and melt refertilization in the oceanic upper mantle
Authors: Lin Kuan-Yu , Warren Jessica M. , Davis Fred A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTrace element concentrations in abyssal peridotite olivine provide insights into the formation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. We present olivine trace element compositions (Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Y, Yb) from abyssal peridotites to investigate partial melting, melt–rock interaction, and subsolidus cooling at mid-ocean ridges and intra-oceanic forearcs. We targeted 44 peridotites from fast (Hess Deep, East Pacific Rise) and ultraslow (Gakkel and Southwest Indian Ridges) spreading ridges and the Tonga trench, including 5 peridotites that contain melt veins. We found that the abundances of Ti, Mn, Co, and Zn increase, while Ni decreases in melt-veined samples relative to unveined samples, suggesting that these elements are useful tracers of melt infiltration. The abundances of Al, Ca, Cr, and V in olivine are temperature sensitive. Thermometers utilizing Al and Ca in olivine indicate temperatures of 650–1000 °C, with variations corresponding to the contrasting cooling rates the peridotites experienced in different tectonic environments. Finally, we demonstrate with a two-stage model that olivine Y and Yb abundances reflect both partial melting and subsolidus re-equilibration. Samples that record lower Al- and Ca-in-olivine temperatures experienced higher extents of diffusive Y and Yb loss during cooling. Altogether, we demonstrate that olivine trace elements document both high-temperature melting and melt–rock interaction events, as well as subsolidus cooling related to their exhumation and emplacement onto the seafloor. This makes them useful tools to study processes associated with seafloor spreading and mid-ocean ridge tectonics.
Prevalence and determinants of subretinal drusenoid deposits in patients’ first-degree relatives
Authors: Mauschitz Matthias M. , Hochbein Benedikt J. , Klinkhammer Hannah , Saßmannshausen Marlene , Terheyden Jan H. , Krawitz Peter , Finger Robert P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) are distinct extracellular alteration anterior to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Given their commonly uniform phenotype, a hereditary predisposition seems likely. Hence, we aim to investigate prevalence and determinants in patients’ first-degree relatives.

Methods
We recruited SDD outpatients at their visits to our clinic and invited their relatives. We performed a full ophthalmic examination including spectral domain–optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and graded presence, disease stage of SDD as well as percentage of infrared (IR) en face area affected by SDD. Moreover, we performed genetic sequencing and calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for AMD. We conducted multivariable regression models to assess potential determinants of SDD and associations of SDD with PRS.

Results
We included 195 participants, 123 patients (mean age 81.4 ± 7.2 years) and 72 relatives (mean age 52.2 ± 14.2 years), of which 7 presented SDD, resulting in a prevalence of 9.7%. We found older age to be associated with SDD presence and area in the total cohort and a borderline association of higher body mass index (BMI) with SDD presence in the relatives. Individuals with SDD tended to have a higher PRS, which, however, was not statistically significant in the multivariable regression.

Conclusion
Our study indicates a potential hereditary aspect of SDD and confirms the strong association with age. Based on our results, relatives of SDD patients ought to be closely monitored for retinal alterations, particularly at an older age. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample size and older relatives are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
Regulation of early seedling establishment and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana by light and carbohydrates
Authors: Pasternak Taras , Kircher Stefan , Palme Klaus , Pérez-Pérez José Manuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Main conclusion
Root development is regulated by sucrose and light during early seedling establishment through changes in the auxin response and chromatin topology.

Abstract
Light is a key environmental signal that regulates plant growth and development. The impact of light on development is primarily analyzed in the above-ground tissues, but little is known about the mechanisms by which light shapes the architecture of underground roots. Our study shows that carbohydrate starvation during skotomorphogenesis is accompanied by compaction of nuclei in the root apical meristem, which prevents cell cycle progression and leads to irreversible root differentiation in the absence of external carbohydrates, as evidenced by the lack of DNA replication and increased numbers of nuclei with specific chromatin characteristics. In these conditions, induction of photomorphogenesis was unable to restore seedling growth, as overall root growth was compromised. The addition of carbohydrates, either locally or systemically by transferring seedlings to sugar-containing medium, led to the induction of adventitious root formation with rapid recovery of seedling growth. Conversely, transferring in vitro carbohydrate-grown seedlings from light to dark transiently promoted cell elongation and significantly reduced root meristem size, but did not primarily affect cell cycle kinetics. We show that, in the presence of sucrose, dark incubation does not affect zonation in the root apical meristem but leads to shortening of the proliferative and transition zones. Sugar starvation led to a rapid increase in lysine demethylation of histone H3 at position K9, which preceded a rapid decline in cell cycle activity and activation of cell differentiation. In conclusion, carbohydrates are required for cell cycle activity, epigenetics reprogramming and for postmitotic cell elongation and auxin-regulated response in the root apical meristem.
Taste disturbance in patients with advanced cancer: a scoping review of clinical features and complications
Authors: Hannon Marie , Shaw Annelie , Connolly Michael , Davies Andrew 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this scoping review is to appraise the published literature on taste disturbance in patients with advanced cancer, with the specific objectives being to determine its prevalence, clinical features and complications.

Methods
This scoping review was conducted using the recommended methodological framework. A detailed search of databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsycInfo) was conducted to identify eligible studies: eligible studies needed to include patients with advanced cancer and needed to include details of clinical features and/or complications of taste disturbance. Standard bibliographic/systematic review software was used to store the records and manage the review process, respectively.

Results
Twenty-five studies were identified from the database searches. The studies identified included eight physical and/or psychological symptom studies, six symptom cluster studies, five oral symptom studies and six taste and/or smell specific studies. Detailed data is presented on the clinical features and complications of taste disturbance and on the symptom clusters involving taste disturbance in this cohort of patients.

Conclusion
This scoping review identified a relatively small number of relevant studies involving a relatively small number of participants. Nevertheless, it confirms that taste disturbance is a common problem in patients with advanced cancer and is associated with significant morbidity because of the primary condition and the associated complications.
Current and novel infusion therapies for patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Antonini Angelo , D’Onofrio Valentina , Guerra Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdvanced Parkinson’s disease is characterized by periods of poor mobility, dyskinesia and progressive decline in functional independence of the affected person despite the manipulation of levodopa doses and the introduction of supplemental therapies such as catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and dopamine agonists. The implementation of drug delivery systems allows to bypass problems related to irregular and often unpredictable intestinal absorption of oral levodopa, which significantly affects its bioavailability and contributes to the development and persistence of motor complications. Subcutaneous apomorphine and levodopa/carbidopa jejunal infusion systems have been available for many years and their efficacy is confirmed by randomized studies and long-term experience in many centers worldwide. Recently, a new formulation of levodopa/carbidopa infusion gel that includes the catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor Entacapone has been introduced to the market. The use of entacapone allows to reduce total daily dose of administered levodopa. Two different soluble formulations of levodopa/carbidopa (ND0612 and ABBV-951) have completed clinical development, and both can ensure subcutaneous delivery by a portable pump infusion system. ABBV-951 uses a foslevodopa/foscarbidopa formulation, both prodrugs to improve absorption and tolerability. Both systems provide effective improvement of motor complications and are likely to expand the therapeutic options in advanced patients. Future efforts should focus on the earlier detection of patients who are candidates for device-aided therapies, increasing appropriate referral and broadening the availability of these treatments globally.
The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on periodontal disease and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brinar Sara , Skvarča Aleš , Gašpirc Boris , Schara Rok 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study is aimed at determining the effect of concomitant antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) on periodontal disease and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and methods
Twenty-four patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study. Periodontal clinical parameters were assessed by measuring probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), and full-mouth sulcus bleeding score (FMSBS). Glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured. To determine the presence of the following periodontal pathogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, subgingival plaque samples were taken from two periodontal pockets per jaw with the greatest PPD using paper tips. Patients were randomly divided into the test and control group. In the test group, full-mouth disinfection was performed in combination with aPTD. In the control group, only full-mouth disinfection was performed.

Results
The results showed an improvement in periodontal clinical parameters in both groups. The difference between the groups in favour of the test group was statistically significant for BOP. The HbA1c level decreased in both groups. The difference was not statistically significant. The results of the microbiological analysis suggest that the presence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria is lower with additional antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with statistically significant difference for T. forsythia.

Conclusions
Additional aPDT causes a significant reduction in BoP in the proportion of positive sites for periodontal pathogens.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05816941.

Clinical relevance
aPTD is a noninvasive adjunctive therapy that can positively influence the periodontal treatment outcome.
An Indicator Formula for the Hopf Algebra $$k^{S_{n-1}}\#kC_n$$
Authors: Orlinsky Kayla 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe semisimple bismash product Hopf algebra $$J_n=k^{S_{n-1}}\#kC_n$$

J
n

=

k

S

n
-
1

#
k

C
n

for an algebraically closed field k is constructed using the matched pair actions of $$C_n$$

C
n

and $$S_{n-1}$$

S

n
-
1

on each other. In this work, we reinterpret these actions and use an understanding of the involutions of $$S_{n-1}$$

S

n
-
1

to derive a new Froebnius-Schur indicator formula for irreps of $$J_n$$

J
n

and show that for n odd, all indicators of $$J_n$$

J
n

are nonnegative. We also derive a variety of counting formulas including Theorem 6.2.2 which fully describes the indicators of all 2-dimensional irreps of $$J_n$$

J
n

and Theorem 6.1.2 which fully describes the indicators of all odd-dimensional irreps of $$J_n$$

J
n

and use these formulas to show that nonzero indicators become rare for large n.
ST2-Conditioned Medium Fosters Dorsal Horn Cell Excitability and Synaptic Transmission in Cultured Mouse Spinal Cord
Authors: Juárez Esri H. , Wood Chelsea R. , Davies Rebecca , Kehoe Oksana , Johnson William E. B. , Merighi Adalberto , Ferrini Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConditioned medium obtained from bone marrow-derived stem cells has been proposed as a novel cell-free therapy in spinal cord injury and neuropathic pain, yet the direct effect on spinal neuron function has never been investigated. Here, we adopted spinal cord organotypic cultures (SCOCs) as an experimental model to probe the effect of ST2 murine mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (ST2-CM) on dorsal horn (DH) neuron functional properties. Three days of SCOC exposure to ST2-CM increased neuronal activity measured by Fos expression, as well as spontaneous or induced firing. We showed that the increase in neuronal excitability was associated with changes in both intrinsic membrane properties and an enhanced excitatory drive. The increased excitability at the single-cell level was substantiated at the network level by detecting synchronous bursts of calcium waves across DH neurons. Altogether, SCOCs represent a viable tool to probe mesenchymal cells' effect on intact neuronal networks. Our findings indicate that ST2-CM enhances neuronal activity and synaptic wiring in the spinal dorsal horn. Our data also support the trophic role of mesenchymal cells CM in maintaining network activity in spinal circuits.
Graphical Abstract
Afactivism about understanding cognition
Authors: Taylor Samuel D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHere, I take alethic views of understanding to be all views that hold that whether an explanation is true or false matters for whether that explanation provides understanding. I then argue that there is (as yet) no naturalistic defence of alethic views of understanding in cognitive science, because there is no agreement about the correct descriptions of the content of cognitive scientific explanations. I use this claim to argue for the provisional acceptance of afactivism in cognitive science, which is the view that the truth or falsity of an explanation of cognition is irrelevant to whether that explanation provides understanding. I conclude by discussing the relation between understanding in cognitive science and understanding in other domains.
Job satisfaction of mathematics teachers: an empirical investigation to quantify the contributions of teacher self-efficacy and teacher motivation to teach
Authors: Zakariya Yusuf F. , Wardat Yousef 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe shortage of mathematics teachers necessitates deliberate efforts to retain high-quality ones in many parts of the world. This puts teacher job satisfaction in the spotlight since satisfied teachers are likely to retain their jobs. Thus, the purpose of this study is twofold. The first is to quantify the influence of teacher self-efficacy and teacher motivation on teacher job satisfaction. The second is to investigate the patterns of changes in teacher job satisfaction across gender, age, and work experience. Using both descriptive and inferential statistics, we analysed the dataset of 1304 Norwegian mathematics teachers to address two research questions. The results showed that both teacher self-efficacy and social utility motivation have a significant influence on teacher job satisfaction with an additional mediating role of teacher self-efficacy. Contrary to our expectations, personal utility motivation has a negative influence on teacher job satisfaction. We found that women had significantly higher teacher job satisfaction than men. Also, we found a high-low–high pattern of changes in teacher job satisfaction in ascending order of teachers’ age and work experience. One practical implication of these findings is exposing an appropriate time (i.e. at a low stage of job satisfaction) for interventions targeted at teacher job satisfaction to be effective. We discussed other implications of these findings concerning which constructs, gender, and age groups of teachers to prioritise for interventions that would reinforce the job satisfaction of mathematics teachers.
The Importance of Implementation Fidelity for Teacher-Related Changes Within the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program
Authors: Jantzer Vanessa , Ossa Fanny C. , Lerch Stefan , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough teachers are key figures of a program’s effectiveness, most intervention studies to date have not explored how anti-bullying programs are associated with changes at teacher level. Moreover, teacher data also informs about aspects of program implementation, which are essential in program evaluations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the perspectives of teachers working with the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP). A scientific evaluation of the OBPP was carried out in 21 German schools. In addition to annual student surveys, regular teacher surveys were conducted. Ordered logistic regressions and linear regressions were used to estimate the variables. As we expected a dosage-response effect, we divided the schools by level of implementation (non-completer, completer, and certified Olweus schools). At baseline, 615 teachers took part in the assessment (68.26%), and 388 teachers at postline 2 years later (47.32%). A positive change in teachers’ intention to intervene in bullying could be found across all schools (p < .001), which was only significant for completer (p < .001) and certified schools (p = .004) when differentiated by implementation level. Teachers’ level of job strain did not change at all (non-significant model fit), while an improvement in school climate only emerged for certified schools (p = .003). The moderating effect of the implementation level turned out to be independent of different school characteristics. The self-reported changes at the teacher level depended on the level of program implementation. Therefore, it is essential to record data about the intensity of program activities when evaluating a program.Trial registration number: DRKS00008202 (date of registration: 08/04/2015).