bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winter Nighttime Enhancement of the Midlatitude Ionosphere: Contribution From the Diffusive and Wind‐Driven Plasma Transport
Authors: Li Quan‐Han , Hao Yong‐Qiang , Guo Jian‐Guang , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Zhang Dong‐He , Xiao Zuo , Cui Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of winter nighttime enhancement (WNE) of the midlatitude ionosphere at 300, 550, and 750 km altitude are presented, based on the radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate. WNE at 750 km altitude has earlier start time and larger increasing rate than that at 550 km, possibly due to the downward plasma diffusion from above that dominates the most upper part of the ionosphere. Theoretical calculation of the plasma transport at 300 km altitude reveals the largest effect of downward diffusion at 45° geomagnetic latitude, consistent with the latitudinal distribution of WNE. Meanwhile, the wind‐driven plasma transport also contributes to WNE, at 30°W–180°W geographic longitude in the Southern Hemisphere. The strength and end time of WNE vary with longitude, and are correlated with the longitudinal variations of the enhancement in the conjugate (summer) hemisphere. This may be attributed to the transport processes in the interhemispheric geomagnetic flux tubes, which redistribute and balance the plasma between the conjugate hemispheres at night. The plasma flux from above is hence an important plasma source for further understanding of both the winter and summer nighttime enhancements.
Local Structure and Density of Liquid Fe‐C‐S Alloys at Moon's Core Conditions
Authors: Zhao Bin , Morard Guillaume , Boulard Eglantine , Boccato Silvia , Siersch Nicki C. , Rivoldini Attilio , Guignot Nicolas , Henry Laura , King Andrew , Zurkowski Claire , Fei Yingwei , Antonangeli Daniele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe local structure and density of ternary Fe‐C‐S liquid alloys have been studied using a combination of in situ X‐ray diffraction and absorption experiments between 1 and 5 GPa and 1600–1900 K. The addition of up to 12 at% of carbon (C) to Fe‐S liquid alloys does not significantly modify the structure, which is largely controlled by the perturbation to the Fe‐Fe network induced by S atoms. The liquid density determined from diffraction and/or absorption techniques allows us to build a non‐ideal ternary mixing model as a function of pressure, temperature, and composition in terms of the content of alloying light elements. The composition of the Moon's core is addressed based on this thermodynamic model. Under the assumption of a homogeneous liquid core proposed by two recent Moon models, the sulfur content would be 27–36 wt% or 12–23 wt%, respectively, while the carbon content is mainly limited by the Fe‐C‐S miscibility gap, with an upper bound of 4.3 wt%. On the other hand, if the core is partially molten, the core temperature is necessarily lower than 1850 K estimated in the text, and the composition of both the inner and outer core would be controlled by aspects of the Fe‐C‐S phase diagram not yet sufficiently constrained.
A Regional Ionospheric Storm Forecasting Method Using a Deep Learning Algorithm: LSTM
Authors: Ban Panpan , Guo Lixin , Zhao Zhenwei , Sun Shuji , Xu Tong , Xu Zhengwen , Sun Fengjuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn ionospheric storm forecasting method was proposed using a deep learning algorithm, LSTM (long short‐term memory). We used the perturbation index to denote the level of an ionospheric storm, deduced from foF2 data, and helped to remove most of the local time and seasonal variations in the ionosphere. In constructing the model, a number of correlated factors were used as inputs, including the properties of coronal mass ejections, solar flare bursts, interplanetary conditions, and geomagnetic and ionospheric states, and the output was whether an ionospheric storm occurred locally in the next 24 hr. Data sets from 2007 to 2014 were used to train the model, and those from 2015 to 2016 were used for validation. The results showed that the model behaved well in most events. The mean precision rate, recall rate, accuracy, and F1 score of the model were 71.7%, 59.7%, 92.7%, and 65.0% in northern China and 78.9%, 56.3%, 96.3% and 65.0% in southern China, respectively. The LSTM forecasting model performed better than other models such as persistence, multiple‐layer perceptron and support vector machine models. Case studies also showed good performance during geomagnetic storms of different strengths. We believe that this model can be beneficial for functional ionospheric storm operation.
TGFBI remodels adipose metabolism by regulating the Notch-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Lee Seul Gi , Chae Jongbeom , Woo Seon Min , Seo Seung Un , Kim Ha-Jeong , Kim Sang-Yeob , Schlaepfer David D. , Kim In-San , Park Hee-Sae , Kwon Taeg Kyu , Nam Ju-Ock 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtracellular matrix proteins are associated with metabolically healthy adipose tissue and regulate inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and subsequent metabolic deterioration. In this study, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGFBI), an extracellular matrix (ECM) component, plays an important role in adipose metabolism and browning during high-fat diet-induced obesity. TGFBI KO mice were resistant to adipose tissue hypertrophy, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, adipose tissue from TGFBI KO mice contained a large population of CD11b+ and CD206+ M2 macrophages, which possibly control adipokine secretion through paracrine mechanisms. Mechanistically, we showed that inhibiting TGFBI-stimulated release of adipsin by Notch-1-dependent signaling resulted in adipocyte browning. TGFBI was physiologically bound to Notch-1 and stimulated its activation in adipocytes. Our findings revealed a novel protective effect of TGFBI deficiency in obesity that is realized via the activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway.
Microfabricated polymer-metal biosensors for multifarious data collection from electrogenic cellular models
Authors: Didier Charles M. , Orrico Julia F. , Cepeda Torres Omar S. , Castro Jorge Manrique , Baksh Aliyah , Rajaraman Swaminathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBenchtop tissue cultures have become increasingly complex in recent years, as more on-a-chip biological technologies, such as microphysiological systems (MPS), are developed to incorporate cellular constructs that more accurately represent their respective biological systems. Such MPS have begun facilitating major breakthroughs in biological research and are poised to shape the field in the coming decades. These biological systems require integrated sensing modalities to procure complex, multiplexed datasets with unprecedented combinatorial biological detail. In this work, we expanded upon our polymer-metal biosensor approach by demonstrating a facile technology for compound biosensing that was characterized through custom modeling approaches. As reported herein, we developed a compound chip with 3D microelectrodes, 3D microfluidics, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) and a microheater. The chip was subsequently tested using the electrical/electrochemical characterization of 3D microelectrodes with 1 kHz impedance and phase recordings and IDE-based high-frequency (~1 MHz frequencies) impedimetric analysis of differential localized temperature recordings, both of which were modeled through equivalent electrical circuits for process parameter extraction. Additionally, a simplified antibody-conjugation strategy was employed for a similar IDE-based analysis of the implications of a key analyte (l-glutamine) binding to the equivalent electrical circuit. Finally, acute microfluidic perfusion modeling was performed to demonstrate the ease of microfluidics integration into such a polymer-metal biosensor platform for potential complimentary localized chemical stimulation. Overall, our work demonstrates the design, development, and characterization of an accessibly designed polymer-metal compound biosensor for electrogenic cellular constructs to facilitate comprehensive MPS data collection.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA in colorectal cancer: biogenesis, function and potential as therapeutic target
Authors: Chen Yinnan , Qiu Quanpeng , She Junjun , Yu Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtrachromosomal circular DNA (ecDNA) has gained renewed interest since its discovery more than half a century ago, emerging as critical driver of tumor evolution. ecDNA is highly prevalent in many types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide. ecDNAs play an essential role in regulating oncogene expression, intratumor heterogeneity, and resistance to therapy independently of canonical chromosomal alterations in CRC. Furthermore, the existence of ecDNAs is attributed to the patient’s prognosis, since ecDNA-based oncogene amplification adversely affects clinical outcomes. Recent understanding of ecDNA put an extra layer of complexity in the pathogenesis of CRC. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding on mechanisms of biogenesis, and distinctive features of ecDNA in CRC. In addition, we will examine how ecDNAs mediate oncogene overexpression, gene regulation, and topological interactions with active chromatin, which facilitates genetic heterogeneity, accelerates CRC malignancy, and enhances rapid adaptation to therapy resistance. Finally, we will discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of ecDNAs in CRC.
Fighting age-related orthopedic diseases: focusing on ferroptosis
Authors: Ru Qin , Li Yusheng , Xie Wenqing , Ding Yilan , Chen Lin , Xu Guodong , Wu Yuxiang , Wang Fudi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFerroptosis, a unique type of cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation and lipid peroxidation. It is closely related to multiple biological processes, including iron metabolism, polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and the biosynthesis of compounds with antioxidant activities, including glutathione. In the past 10 years, increasing evidence has indicated a potentially strong relationship between ferroptosis and the onset and progression of age-related orthopedic diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in age-related orthopedic diseases may help improve disease treatment and prevention. This review provides an overview of recent research on ferroptosis and its influences on bone and cartilage homeostasis. It begins with a brief overview of systemic iron metabolism and ferroptosis, particularly the potential mechanisms of ferroptosis. It presents a discussion on the role of ferroptosis in age-related orthopedic diseases, including promotion of bone loss and cartilage degradation and the inhibition of osteogenesis. Finally, it focuses on the future of targeting ferroptosis to treat age-related orthopedic diseases with the intention of inspiring further clinical research and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Complex regulatory effects of gut microbial short-chain fatty acids on immune tolerance and autoimmunity
Authors: Kim Chang H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmune tolerance deletes or suppresses autoreactive lymphocytes and is established at multiple levels during the development, activation and effector phases of T and B cells. These mechanisms are cell-intrinsically programmed and critical in preventing autoimmune diseases. We have witnessed the existence of another type of immune tolerance mechanism that is shaped by lifestyle choices, such as diet, microbiome and microbial metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the most abundant microbial metabolites in the colonic lumen and are mainly produced by the microbial fermentation of prebiotics, such as dietary fiber. This review focuses on the preventive and immunomodulatory effects of SCFAs on autoimmunity. The tissue- and disease-specific effects of dietary fiber, SCFAs and SCFA-producing microbes on major types of autoimmune diseases, including type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, are discussed. Additionally, their key regulatory mechanisms for lymphocyte development, tissue barrier function, host metabolism, immunity, autoantibody production, and inflammatory effector and regulatory lymphocytes are discussed. The shared and differential effects of SCFAs on different types and stages of autoimmune diseases are discussed.
Emissions and fate of organophosphate esters in outdoor urban environments
Authors: Rodgers Timothy F. M. , Giang Amanda , Diamond Miriam L. , Gillies Emma , Saini Amandeep 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCities are drivers of the global economy, containing products and industries that emit many chemicals. Here, we use the Multimedia Urban Model (MUM) to estimate atmospheric emissions and fate of organophosphate esters (OPEs) from 19 global mega or major cities, finding that they collectively emitted ~81,000 kg yr−1 of ∑10OPEs in 2018. Typically, polar “mobile” compounds tend to partition to and be advected by water, while non-polar “bioaccumulative” chemicals do not. Depending on the built environment and climate of the city considered, the same compound behaves like either a mobile or a bioaccumulative chemical. Cities with large impervious surface areas, such as Kolkata, mobilize even bioaccumulative contaminants to aquatic ecosystems. By contrast, cities with large areas of vegetation fix and transform contaminants, reducing loadings to aquatic ecosystems. Our results therefore suggest that urban design choices could support policies aimed at reducing chemical releases to the broader environment without increasing exposure for urban residents.
Crystal structure of a subtilisin-like autotransporter passenger domain reveals insights into its cytotoxic function
Authors: Hor Lilian , Pilapitiya Akila , McKenna James A. , Panjikar Santosh , Anderson Marilyn A. , Desvaux Mickaël , Paxman Jason J. , Heras Begoña 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutotransporters (ATs) are a large family of bacterial secreted and outer membrane proteins that encompass a wide range of enzymatic activities frequently associated with pathogenic phenotypes. We present the structural and functional characterisation of a subtilase autotransporter, Ssp, from the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens. Although the structures of subtilases have been well documented, this subtilisin-like protein is associated with a 248 residue β-helix and itself includes three finger-like protrusions around its active site involved in substrate interactions. We further reveal that the activity of the subtilase AT is required for entry into epithelial cells as well as causing cellular toxicity. The Ssp structure not only provides details about the subtilase ATs, but also reveals a common framework and function to more distantly related ATs. As such these findings also represent a significant step forward toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional divergence in the large AT superfamily.
Origin of superconductivity in hole doped SrBiO3 bismuth oxide perovskite from parameter-free first-principles simulations
Authors: Varignon Julien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe recent discovery of nickel oxide superconductors have highlighted the importance of first-principles simulations for understanding the formation of the bound electrons at the core of superconductivity. Nevertheless, superconductivity in oxides is often ascribed to strong electronic correlation effects that density functional theory (DFT) cannot properly take into account, thereby disqualifying this technique. Being isostructural to nickel oxides, Sr1-xKxBiO3 superconductors form an ideal testbed for unveiling the lowest theory level needed to model complex superconductors and the underlying pairing mechanism yielding superconductivity. Here I show that parameter-free DFT simulations capture all the experimental features and related quantities of Sr1-xKxBiO3 superconductors, encompassing the prediction of an insulating to metal phase transition upon increasing the K doping content and of an electron-phonon coupling constant of 1.22 in sharp agreement with the experimental value of 1.3 ± 0.2. The proximity of a disproportionated phase is further demonstrated to be a prerequisite for superconductivity in bismuthates.
Premorbid performances determine the deleterious effects of nigrostriatal degeneration and pramipexole on behavioural flexibility
Authors: Decourt Mélina , Balado Eric , Francheteau Maureen , Solinas Marcello , Benoît-Marand Marianne , Fernagut Pierre-Olivier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSubtle cognitive impairment can occur early in the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may manifest under different forms of executive dysfunction such as impaired cognitive flexibility. The precise contribution of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration to these non-motor features of the disease is poorly known. Whether such cognitive impairment associated with the disease process may also predate and contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric side-effects following dopamine replacement therapy remains largely unknown. To address these issues, we investigated the respective contributions of nigrostriatal degeneration and chronic treatment with the dopamine D3-preferring agonist pramipexole on behavioral flexibility in a rat model of PD. Flexible, intermediate and inflexible rats were identified based on baseline assessment of behavioral flexibility using an operant set-shifting task. Nigrostriatal degeneration was induced by bilateral viral-mediated expression of A53T mutated human α-synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta and behavioral flexibility was assessed after induction of nigrostriatal degeneration, and during chronic pramipexole treatment. Nigrostriatal degeneration impaired behavioral flexibility in flexible but not in inflexible rats. Pramipexole induced a decrease of behavioral flexibility that was exacerbated in lesioned rats and in the most flexible individuals. Furthermore, the deficits induced by pramipexole in lesioned rats affected different components of the task between flexible and inflexible individuals. This study demonstrates that nigrostriatal degeneration and pramipexole unequally impair behavioral flexibility, suggesting that the susceptibility to develop non-motor impairments upon treatment initiation could primarily depend on premorbid differences in behavioral flexibility.
Experimental quantum end-to-end learning on a superconducting processor
Authors: Pan Xiaoxuan , Cao Xi , Wang Weiting , Hua Ziyue , Cai Weizhou , Li Xuegang , Wang Haiyan , Hu Jiaqi , Song Yipu , Deng Dong-Ling , Zou Chang-Ling , Wu Re-Bing , Sun Luyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMachine learning can be enhanced by a quantum computer via its inherent quantum parallelism. In the pursuit of quantum advantages for machine learning with noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, it was proposed that the learning model can be designed in an end-to-end fashion, i.e., the quantum ansatz is parameterized by directly manipulable control pulses without circuit design and compilation. Such gate-free models are hardware friendly and can fully exploit limited quantum resources. Here, we report the experimental realization of quantum end-to-end machine learning on a superconducting processor. The trained model can achieve 98% recognition accuracy for two handwritten digits (via two qubits) and 89% for four digits (via three qubits) in the MNIST (Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology) database. The experimental results exhibit the great potential of quantum end-to-end learning for resolving complex real-world tasks when more qubits are available.
Tropical deforestation causes large reductions in observed precipitation
Authors: Smith C. , Baker J. C. A. , Spracklen D. V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTropical forests play a critical role in the hydrological cycle and can influence local and regional precipitation1. Previous work has assessed the impacts of tropical deforestation on precipitation, but these efforts have been largely limited to case studies2. A wider analysis of interactions between deforestation and precipitation—and especially how any such interactions might vary across spatial scales—is lacking. Here we show reduced precipitation over deforested regions across the tropics. Our results arise from a pan-tropical assessment of the impacts of 2003–2017 forest loss on precipitation using satellite, station-based and reanalysis datasets. The effect of deforestation on precipitation increased at larger scales, with satellite datasets showing that forest loss caused robust reductions in precipitation at scales greater than 50 km. The greatest declines in precipitation occurred at 200 km, the largest scale we explored, for which 1 percentage point of forest loss reduced precipitation by 0.25 ± 0.1 mm per month. Reanalysis and station-based products disagree on the direction of precipitation responses to forest loss, which we attribute to sparse in situ tropical measurements. We estimate that future deforestation in the Congo will reduce local precipitation by 8–10% in 2100. Our findings provide a compelling argument for tropical forest conservation to support regional climate resilience.
Genome-wide hydroxymethylation profiles in liver of female Nile tilapia with distinct growth performance
Authors: Konstantinidis Ioannis , Sætrom Pål , Fernandes Jorge M. O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the fast genome evolution that occurs during animal domestication are poorly understood. Here, we present a genome-wide epigenetic dataset that quantifies DNA hydroxymethylation at single nucleotide resolution among full-sib Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with distinct growth performance. In total, we obtained 355 million, 75 bp reads from 5 large- and 5 small-sized fish on an Illumina NextSeq500 platform. We identified several growth-related genes to be differentially hydroxymethylated, especially within gene bodies and promoters. Previously, we proposed that DNA hydroxymethylation greatly affects the earliest responses to adaptation and potentially drives genome evolution through its targeted enrichment and elevated nucleotide transversion rates. This dataset can be analysed in various contexts (e.g., epigenetics, evolution and growth) and compared to other epigenomic datasets in the future, namely DNA methylation and histone modifications. With forthcoming advancements in genome research, this hydroxymethylation dataset will also contribute to better understand the epigenetic regulation of key genomic features, such as cis-regulatory and transposable elements.
Effects of molecular weight fraction on antioxidation capacity of rice protein hydrolysates
Authors: Chen Hui-Ju , Dai Fan-Jhen , Chen Cheng-You , Fan Siao-Ling , Zheng Ji-Hong , Chau Chi-Fai , Lin Yung-Sheng , Chen Chin-Shuh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRice protein was used as a starting material to provide rice protein hydrolysates (RPH) through enzyme-assisted extraction. RPH was further fractionated using ultrafiltration membrane (UF) and classified by molecular weight (MW; MW < 1 kDa, MW 1–10 kDa, and MW > 10 kDa). Peptides with MW < 1 kDa possessed superior antioxidant properties (p < 0.05). Therefore, UF demonstrated great efficacy in selectively separating antioxidant peptides. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the total phenolic concentration was correlated with oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC; r = 0.999, p < 0.05). Amino acid contents had negative correlations with the scavenging activity (specifically, IC50) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals (r =  − 0.986 to − 1.000). Reducing power was related to aromatic amino acid contents (r = 0.997, p < 0.05). In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis was discovered to be an effective method of extracting and isolating natural antioxidant proteins from broken rice, thus preserving the nutritional quality of rice and making those proteins more accessible in future applications.