bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HG-Induced sEVs Mediate Biomechanics of HK-2 Cells
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Jiajia , Ju Tuoyu , Wang Shuwei , Qu Kaige , Song Zhengxun , Chen Yujuan , Wang Zuobin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) participate in the pathological progression of high glucose (HG)-induced kidney injury, which is closely related to diabetic nephropathy. How sEVs specifically mediate the cell biomechanics underlying HG injury is unclear. Herein, we utilized a versatile atomic force microscope to determine the contributions of sEVs in HG-induced cellular injury. The sEVs extracted from the culture medium of human proximal tubule kidney (HK-2) cells treated by HG for 72 h (HG-induced sEVs) were verified and analyzed by multiple techniques, and the results indicated the effective production and the effect of dehydration on the shape of HG-induced sEVs. Further investigation on the morphologies of HK-2 cells treated by HG-induced sEVs showed that the surface roughness of the HK-2 cells increased, and their pseudopodia transitioned from lamellipodia to filopodia, with almost doubled mean pseudopodia length. Quantitative analysis of the mechanical responses of the cells revealed that the mean Young’s modulus increased by 26.2%, and the mean adhesion decreased by 36.8%. The indirect mediation of cellular biomechanics guided by HG-induced sEVs was evaluated by comparing it with previously studied direct HG injury. The HG-induced sEVs caused a greater reduction in cell adhesion and an increase in Young’s modulus compared with direct HG stimulation. This work suggested the ability of HG-induced sEVs to elicit specific biomechanical responses during HG injury, advancing the understanding of the injury mechanism caused by HG. The comparison of the cellular biomechanics between direct and indirect HG stimulations through HG-induced sEVs can be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney injury.
Gibberellic Acid and Salicylic Acid Dual Application Improves Date Palm Fruit Growth by Regulating the Nutrient Acquisition, Amino Acid Profile, and Phytohormone Performance
Authors: Talaat Neveen B. , Nesiem Mohamed R. A. , Gadalla Ezz G. , Ali Shaimaa F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) are crucial phytohormones that support fruit development. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of spraying 100 mg L−1 GA3 and 100 mg L−1 SA in improving the Phoenix dactylifera, cv. Zaghloul fruit yield and quality. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design during two successive growing seasons and four treatments [control (distilled water spray), 100 mg L−1 GA3, 100 mg L−1 SA, and 100 mg L−1 GA3 + 100 mg L−1 SA] were sprayed at the Hababouk and Kimri stages of date palm “Zaghloul” cv. The findings revealed that the GA3 and/or SA applications are necessary for improving the growth and development of “Zaghloul” fruit, which were associated with an increase in the content of dry matter, crude fiber, ash, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, carbohydrate, protein, and essential nutrients. Moreover, compared with the control treatment, GA3 and/or SA exogenous treatments improved the activity of peroxidase and catalase, as well as the content of amino acids and phytohormones, while decreasing the content of moisture, total acidity, total phenol, and tannins. The results provide evidence that using GA3 in conjunction with SA has the greatest effect on improving “Zaghloul” fruit yield by up regulating the sugar accumulation, amino acid profile, nutrient acquisition, antioxidant capacity, and phytohormone performance. Consequently, combining GA3 with SA can be an effective strategy for enhancing fruit yield and quality.
Computationally Efficient Labeling of Cancer-Related Forum Posts by Non-clinical Text Information Retrieval
Authors: Agerskov Jimmi , Nielsen Kristian , Pedersen Christian Fischer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractModern societies produce vast amounts of digital data and merely keeping up with transmission and storage is difficult enough, but analyzing it to extract and apply useful information is harder still. Almost all research within healthcare data processing is concerned with formal clinical data. However, there is a lot of valuable but idle information in non-clinical data too; this information needs to be retrieved and activated. The present study combines state-of-the-art methods within distributed computing, text retrieval, clustering, and classification into a coherent and computationally efficient system that is able to clarify cancer patient trajectories based on non-clinical and freely available online forum posts. The motivation is: well informed patients, caretakers, and relatives often lead to better overall treatment outcomes due to enhanced possibilities of proper disease management. The resulting software prototype is fully functional and build to serve as a test bench for various text information retrieval and visualization methods. Via the prototype, we demonstrate a computationally efficient clustering of posts into cancer-types and a subsequent within-cluster classification into trajectory related classes. Also, the system provides an interactive graphical user interface allowing end-users to mine and oversee the valuable information.
Changes in the Vaginal Microbiome During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in South African Women: a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Katherine T , Li Fan , Jaspan Heather , Nyemba Dorothy , Myer Landon , Aldrovandi Grace , Joseph-Davey Dvora 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa have high rates of maternal morbidity. There is interest in the impact of the vaginal microbiome on maternal health, including HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition. We characterized the vaginal microbiota of South African women ≥ 18 years with and without HIV in a longitudinal cohort over two visits during pregnancy and one visit postpartum. At each visit, we obtained HIV testing and self-collected vaginal swabs for point-of-care testing for STIs and microbiota sequencing. We categorized microbial communities and evaluated changes over pregnancy and associations with HIV status and STI diagnosis. Across 242 women (mean age 29, 44% living with HIV, 33% diagnosed with STIs), we identified four main community state types (CSTs): two lactobacillus-dominant CSTs (dominated byLactobacillus crispatusandLactobacillus inersrespectively) and two diverse, non-lactobacillus-dominant CSTs (one dominated byGardnerella vaginalisand one by diverse facultative anaerobes). From the first antenatal visit to the third trimester (24–36 weeks gestation), 60% of women in theGardnerella-dominant CST shifted to lactobacillus-dominant CSTs. From the third trimester to postpartum (mean 17 days post-delivery), 80% of women in lactobacillus-dominant CSTs shifted to non-lactobacillus-dominant CSTs with a large proportion in the facultative anaerobe-dominant CST. Microbial composition differed by STI diagnosis (PERMANOVAR2= 0.002,p= 0.004), and women diagnosed with an STI were more likely to be categorized as L. iners-dominant orGardnerella-dominant CSTs. Overall, we found a shift toward lactobacillus dominance during pregnancy and the emergence of a distinct, highly diverse anaerobe-dominant microbiota profile in the postpartum period.
The threshold of instability of Taylor–Couette flow of a Newtonian fluid in quasi-periodic modulation with two immense frequencies using spectral Chebychev collocation methods
Authors: El Harfouf Amine , Hayani Mounir Sanaa , Abouloifa Walid , Mes-Adi Hassane , Jbira Najwa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamic flow of a Newtonian fluid through two coaxial cylinders, each rotating at speeds $${\Omega }_{1}(t)$$

Ω
1

(
t
)

(inner cylinder) and $${\Omega }_{2}(t)$$

Ω
2

(
t
)

(outer cylinder). We derive equations of motion for disturbances in balance, yielding a controlled system characterized by parameters such as Taylor number, wave number, frequency ratio, and interior cylinder frequency. We introduce numerical techniques for solving this system, employing spectral Chebychev collocation for spatial resolution and a combined approach of Floquet theory and Runge–Kutta method for temporal resolution. Our refined approach enables comprehensive analysis of fluid dynamics within the rotating coaxial cylinders, showcasing the interplay of various control parameters.
Lifetime assessment for riser systems
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Wang Fang , Yakimov Vladimir , Sun Jiayao , Balakrishna Rajiv 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs marine renewable energy technologies developing, there is a growing need for energy transportation systems. During offshore operations, deep sea risers can be subjected to excessive environmental loadings, causing operational risks. In this study, hydrodynamic loads, caused by in situ sea currents, acting on a riser under real-world sea conditions were modelled and examined, with experimental data being used as a calibration tool. Major safety problems for various offshore energy systems being an accurate assessment of excessive riser external loads, under influence of local sea currents, and hence resulting vortex induced vibrations (VIV).The method outlined in this study may be applied to complex sustainable energy systems, that are exposed to environmental loads, throughout the whole period of their intended service life. Approach advocated in this study offers practical way to estimate failure risks for nonlinear multidimensional dynamic offshore riser systems in an easy yet accurate manner.With regard to defense technology, risers and umbilicals play an important role for modern submarine operations.
Boosting human capacities: attitudes toward Human Enhancement and vaccination in the context of perceived naturalness and invasiveness
Authors: Döbler Niklas Alexander , Carbon Claus-Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVaccinations are instances of Human Enhancement (HE) because, as biotechnologies, they are capable of augmenting the human body’s capacities. We hypothesized that vaccination refusal, as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, indicates a belief system that also determines attitudes toward HE. Rejection of both may be linked to well-known motives: invasiveness and alleged unnaturalness. We tested the relationship between these two phenomena by conducting two online surveys (N = 314 and N = 300; 81.5%/85.7% vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and 18.5%/14.33% not). We also examined if getting enhanced (vaccinated) can induce a relational change toward the environment. Study 1 suggested that greater willingness to use methods to enhance cognitive abilities was more likely when methods must be infrequently used and were deemed natural and non-invasive. An affirmative attitude toward naturalness correlated negatively with the willingness to use. Interaction effects suggested increased importance of naturalness and invasiveness associated variables for unvaccinated participants. Interacting with vaccination status, affirmative attitudes toward naturalness were negatively associated with attitudes toward vaccinations and HE. Qualifying vaccination as HE did not reliably predict attitude toward vaccination or HE. Getting vaccinated led to psychological relief. We explored predictors of vaccination intention. Study 2 showed that unvaccinated perceived the vaccine as less natural but as invasive as vaccinated participants. Perceived naturalness and invasiveness were decisive for vaccination refusal. Findings suggest that rejecting vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 may indicate motives associated with rejecting other HE means and may be a valuable behavioral sample to assess a person’s broader belief system.
Numerical simulation for stress analysis of functionally graded adhesively bonded composite patch repair system
Authors: Khode A. P. , Nimje S. V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThree-dimensional finite element analyses have been carried out for adhesively bonded composite patch repaired an aluminum alloy plate structure with centre circular notch. Presence of defect in the plate causes stress gradients in the bond region which results in reduction of the performance of the patched panel. The patterns of out-of-plane stress components at various interfaces (plate-adhesive-patch) at different angular positions with reference to loading direction are evaluated for mono-modulus adhesive. In the present research work, an attempt has been made to improve the strength of adhesively bonded composite patch repaired system by reducing stress concentration at the critical regions. This has been achieved by smoothening/relieving stresses over the entire bond region by introducing functionally graded adhesive (FGA) material in-lieu of conventional mono-modulus adhesive. Linear material gradation function profile has been used to tailor adhesive layer in the bond region. Effect of material gradation profile with different modulus ratios on out-of-plane stresses at different interfaces of composite patch repaired system have been studied. Numerical simulations based on FE analyses indicates significant reduction in out-of-plane stress levels by which strength of functionally graded composite patch repaired system will be enhanced.
HPC-Atlas: Computationally Constructing a Comprehensive Atlas of Human Protein Complexes
Authors: Pan Yuliang , Li Ruiyi , Li Wengen , Lv Liuzhenghao , Guan Jihong , Zhou Shuigeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A fundamental principle of biology is that proteins tend to form complexes to play important roles in the core functions of cells. For a complete understanding of human cellular functions, it is crucial to have a comprehensive atlas of human protein complexes. Unfortunately, we still lack such a comprehensive atlas of experimentally validated protein complexes, which prevents us from gaining a complete understanding of the compositions and functions of human protein complexes, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms. To fill this gap, we built Human Protein Complexes Atlas (HPC-Atlas), as far as we know, the most accurate and comprehensive atlas of human protein complexes available to date. We integrated two latest protein interaction networks, and developed a novel computational method to identify nearly 9000 protein complexes, including many previously uncharacterized complexes. Compared with the existing methods, our method achieved outstanding performance on both testing and independent datasets. Furthermore, with HPC-Atlas we identified 751 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-affected human protein complexes, and 456 multifunctional proteins that contain many potential moonlighting proteins. These results suggest that HPC-Atlas can serve as not only a computing framework to effectively identify biologically meaningful protein complexes by integrating multiple protein data sources, but also a valuable resource for exploring new biological findings. The HPC-Atlas webserver is freely available at http://www.yulpan.top/HPC-Atlas.
All- and mixed-dielectric grating for Nd:glass-based high-energy pulse compression
Authors: Han Yuxing , Cao Hongchao , Kong Fanyu , Jin Yunxia , Shao Jianda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Maximizing the energy-loading performance of gratings is a universal theme in high-energy pulse compression. However, sporadic grating designs strongly restrict the development of high-power laser engineering. This study proposes an all- and mixed-dielectric grating design paradigm for Nd:glass-based pulse compressors. The solution regions are classified according to the line density. High diffraction efficiency solutions are described in more detail based on the dispersion amount and incident angle. Moreover, an energy scaling factor of 7.09 times larger than that of the National Ignition Facility’s Advanced Radiographic Capability (NIF-ARC) is obtained by taking advantage of the low electric field intensity at transverse magnetic polarization and a small incident angle. These results make a pioneering contribution to facilitate future 20–50-petawatt-class ultrafast laser systems.
COMPUTABLE TOPOLOGICAL GROUPS
Authors: KOH HEER TERN , MELNIKOV ALEXANDER G. , NG KENG MENG 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigate what it means for a (Hausdorff, second-countable) topological group to be computable. We compare several potential definitions based on classical notions in the literature. We relate these notions with the well-established definitions of effective presentability for discrete and profinite groups, and compare our results with similar results in computable topology.
Discrete restriction estimates for forms in many variables
Authors: Cook Brian , Hughes Kevin , Palsson Eyvindur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe prove discrete restriction estimates for a broad class of hypersurfaces arising in seminal work of Birch. To do so, we use a variant of Bourgain’s arithmetic version of the Tomas–Stein method and Magyar’s decomposition of the Fourier transform of the indicator function of the integer points on a hypersurface.
Is There a ‘Constitutional Moment’ in Israel and Hungary?
Authors: Halmai Gábor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the concept of ‘constitutional moment’ in contemporary Israel, where an illiberal constitutionalisation process is in progress, and in Hungary, where the illiberal constitutional system has been in place since 2010. After discussing the judicial overhaul of the current Israeli government and the widespread protest movement against it, the article raises the question of whether the moment to adopt a written constitution has arrived. In Hungary, where a semi-electoral autocratic constitutional regime has been entrenched, the question is what are the perspectives on a return to a liberal democratic constitution.
Uncovering associations between gender nonconformity, psychosocial factors, and mental health in adolescents: a birth cohort study
Authors: Narita Zui , DeVylder Jordan , Yamasaki Syudo , Ando Shuntaro , Endo Kaori , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Usami Satoshi , Stanyon Daniel , Knowles Gemma , Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko , Furukawa Toshiaki A , Kasai Kiyoto , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle information is available on the association between gender nonconformity during adolescence and subsequent mental health. While the distress related to gender nonconformity may be socially produced rather than attributed to individual-level factors, further research is needed to better understand the role of psychosocial factors in this context.MethodWe analyzed data from the Tokyo Teen Cohort, obtained through random sampling of adolescents born between 2002 and 2004. We used inverse probability weighting to examine the association of gender nonconformity at ages 12 and 14 as a time-varying variable with subsequent mental health at age 16, while accounting for time-fixed and time-varying confounders. Furthermore, we used a weighting approach to investigate the mediating role of modifiable psychosocial factors in this association, addressing exposure-mediator and mediator–mediator interactions.ResultsA total of 3171 participants were analyzed. Persistent gender nonconforming behavior at ages 12 and 14 was associated with subsequent depression (β = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85 to 3.19) and psychotic experiences (β = 0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.52) at age 16. The results remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Approximately 30% of the association between gender nonconformity and depression was consistently mediated by a set of psychosocial factors, namely loneliness, bullying victimization, and relationships with mother, father, and friends.ConclusionsPersistent gender nonconformity during adolescence is associated with subsequent mental health. Psychosocial factors play a vital mediating role in this association, highlighting the essential need for social intervention and change to reduce stigmatization and ameliorate mental health challenges.
The impact of childhood trauma exposure on social functioning in schizophrenia: the moderated mediation role of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms
Authors: Goh Kah Kheng , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Chiu Yi-Hang , Lu Mong-Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood trauma has been linked to increased risk of schizophrenia and social dysfunction, and oxytocin and its receptor gene have been implicated in regulating social behavior. This study investigated the potential role of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in mediating the effects of childhood trauma on social functioning in schizophrenia.MethodsThe study consisted of 382 patients with schizophrenia and 178 healthy controls who were assessed using the Taiwanese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), and plasma oxytocin levels. DNA was extracted to genotype the OXTR and ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs2254298, rs237885, rs237887, rs237899, rs53576, rs9840864, rs13316193, rs7632287, rs1042778, and rs237895) were selected.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia showed higher CTQ-SF scores (t = 12.549, p < 0.001), lower SFS scores (t = −46.951, p < 0.001), and lower plasma oxytocin levels (t = −5.448, p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. The study also found significant differences in OXTR SNPs between both groups, with risk alleles being more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia (t = 2.734, p = 0.006). Results indicated a significant moderated mediation effect, with oxytocin and the OXTR SNPs partially mediating the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia (index of mediation = 0.038, 95% CI [0.033–0.044]).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that oxytocin and its receptor gene may be promising targets for interventions aimed at improving social functioning in patients with a history of childhood trauma and schizophrenia. However, further research is needed to fully understand these effects and the potential of oxytocin-based interventions in this population.
Modeling effects of linguistic complexity on L2 processing effort: The case of eye movement in text reading
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Gong Nan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examined how linguistic complexity features contribute to second language (L2) processing effort by analyzing the Dutch English-L2 learners’ eye movements from GECO and MECO, two eye-tracking corpora. Processing effort was operationalized as reading rate, mean fixation duration, regression rate, skipping rate, and mean saccade amplitude. In Study 1, the lexical, syntactic, and discoursal indices in 272 snippets of a novel in GECO were regressed against these eye-movement measures. The results showed that the one-component partial least square regression (PLS-R) models could explain 11%–37% of the variance in these eye-movement measures and outperformed eight readability formulas (six traditional and two recent cognitively inspired formulas based on the readers’ perception on text difficulty) in predicting L2 processing effort. In Study 2, the eye-tracking data from MECO were used to evaluate whether the findings from Study 1 could be applied more broadly. The results revealed that although the predictability of these PLS-R components decreased, they still performed better than the readability formulas. These findings suggest that the linguistic indices identified can be used to predict L2 text processing effort and provide useful implications for developing systems to assess text difficulty for L2 learners.