bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding season forest fragment size does not create negative carry-over for adult Wood Thrushes on fall migration timing or apparent annual survival
Authors: Boyd Brendan P , Hayes Sue , Israel Alexandra M , Stutchbury Bridget J M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although carry-over effects related to wintering habitat quality are known to influence population dynamics of migratory songbirds, the presence of breeding season carry-over is understudied in full annual cycle models. To test whether forest fragment size on the breeding grounds can impose negative carry-over effects on a migratory songbird, we fitted adult Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) with 1-year coded radio-tags in forest fragments ranging from 16 to 499 ha in southwestern Ontario during the 2016–2019 breeding seasons and utilized automated telemetry via the Motus Wildlife Tracking System to record fall migration timing and returns the following spring (apparent annual survival). To examine short-term effects of fragment size on breeding females, during the 2018 and 2019 breeding seasons, we collected blood samples during incubation to measure corticosterone levels and tracked complete reproductive success and nest timing. We found that Wood Thrushes breeding in small forest fragments were not subject to strong negative effects on body condition (mass, corticosterone), reproductive success, or timing of the last nest of the season. We found that the onset of fall migration departure was not delayed for birds nesting in small fragments, and that apparent annual survival was not linked to breeding fragment size. This suggests that habitat differences linked to fragment size were not strong enough to trigger the kinds of negative carry-over effects (delayed migration, lower reproductive success) that have been documented in other species as a result of poor wintering-ground habitat quality. The strength of breeding fragment size-induced seasonal carry-over remains a critical gap in full annual cycle models for other declining migratory songbirds. Our findings suggest that while the importance of preserving large forested areas is often prioritized in conservation projects, small forest fragments can also have high conservation value.
Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids
Authors: Quibod Ma. Niña Regina M , Gélin Uriel , van Langevelde Frank , Tomlinson Kyle W 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Feeding efficiency of mammalian herbivores is associated with skull traits known to differ between feeding guilds. As climate is known to affect the architecture and functional traits of plants, skull morphology may change as plant traits change along climate gradients. We tested whether skull traits of more than 70% of the extant bovid and cervid species are related to aridity, and whether these relationships differ across feeding guilds (browser, grazer, mixed feeder). We used muzzle width to represent food ingestion and masseteric fossa length to represent oral processing. For the models without phylogeny, both muzzle width and masseteric fossa length increased towards wetter climates for grazers, but not for mixed feeders or browsers. These patterns suggest that grazer diets may change more dramatically across aridity gradients than the other two groups, possibly linked to changes in both the architecture and toughness of grasses. In models accounting for phylogeny, no changes in either trait across aridity gradient were found, which appeared to be due to subfamily differentiation along the aridity gradient. Our results suggest that deeper insights into the evolution of herbivore skulls may be achieved by using quantified diet data to directly test plant trait effects on skull morphology.
Thoracolumbar Vertebral Endplate Defect Morphology
Authors: Faul James , Umoh Joseph , Holdsworth David W. , Battié Michele C. 
Published: July 2023

Study Design:
A descriptive, cross-sectional cadaver study

Objective:
This study aimed to provide a thorough depiction of vertebral endplate defects classified based on their morphological features and reported with respect to size, location, and prevalence in human cadaveric spines of older adults.

Summary of Background Data:
Back pain has been associated with vertebral endplate defects; however, findings have been inconsistent. This is partially due to miscommunication surrounding the classification of endplate defects observed using clinical imaging, and limited knowledge of the types of defects present on the endplate and their prevalence. Comprehensive study of vertebral endplates is needed to clarify types of structural defects, their character and prevalence.

Methods:
Using micro-CT, three-dimensional reconstructed images were created of 409 endplates from 19 cadaveric spines (9 men and 10 women, aged 62-91; T6-S1). Endplate defects were categorized based on their morphology, size and location in order to investigate distribution patterns.

Results:
Seven types of endplate defects were identified: Schmorl’s nodes, corner fracture or limbus vertebra, other fractures, erosion, jagged surface, calcification, and depressions. Defects were identified on 63.6% of endplates. Multiple defects were present on 19.1% of endplates. Fracture and erosion were the most common defect types. Defects were more common on the endplate cranial to the intervertebral disc and in male specimens (P=0.01). Defects were larger in the lumbar spine and the ‘total area of endplate defect’ was larger on the cranial than caudal endplate in the thoracic spine (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
This is the first study of which we are aware that provides a thorough depiction of the morphology and distribution of endplate defects across the entire lower thoracic and lumbar spine (T6-S1) using micro-CT. Results support the presence of several distinct endplate defect phenotypes with different prevalence rates and provide a reference when considering endplate defects in the elderly.

Level of evidence:
N/A
Acyl-CoA synthase ACSL4: an essential target in ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Ding Kaiyue , Liu Chongbin , Li Li , Yang Ming , Jiang Na , Luo Shilu , Sun Lin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLong-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase 4 (ACSL4) is an enzyme that esterifies CoA into specific polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and adrenic acid. Based on accumulated evidence, the ACSL4-catalyzed biosynthesis of arachidonoyl-CoA contributes to the execution of ferroptosis by triggering phospholipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids; ACSL4 and glutathione peroxidase 4 positively and negatively regulate ferroptosis, respectively. In addition, ACSL4 is an essential regulator of fatty acid (FA) metabolism. ACSL4 remodels the phospholipid composition of cell membranes, regulates steroidogenesis, and balances eicosanoid biosynthesis. In addition, ACSL4-mediated metabolic reprogramming and antitumor immunity have attracted much attention in cancer biology. Because it facilitates the cross-talk between ferroptosis and FA metabolism, ACSL4 is also a research hotspot in metabolic diseases and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. In this review, we focus on the structure, biological function, and unique role of ASCL4 in various human diseases. Finally, we propose that ACSL4 might be a potential therapeutic target.
Immunodynamics of Macrophages in Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Chung Jeff Yat-Fai , Zhang Ying-Ying , Ji Zoey Ze-Yuan , Tang Tian , Chen Jiao-Yi , Chi-Wai Tang Sydney , Tang Patrick Ming-Kuen 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Macrophages are crucial mediators in the development of inflammatory diseases, including kidney diseases. Unresolved renal inflammation can progressively develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in structural and functional impairment of the injured kidney due to renal fibrosis and leading to irreversible end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increasing evidence suggests that phenotypic changes in macrophages are essential for CKD development and progression. Interestingly, advanced bioinformatics and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses have revealed the crucial mechanism of macrophage-myofibroblast transition, which may be a novel therapeutic target for renal fibrosis. Therefore, a better understanding of the immunodynamics of macrophages in diseased kidneys may help identify effective therapeutic strategies for unmet clinical needs. This review summarizes the regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of macrophages in renal fibrosis and their therapeutic implications in kidney diseases, including ESRD.
The Age-Related Growth of Mastoid Air Cells in Infancy: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Chenyu , Huang Xiying , Chen Zhen , Liu Yang , Chen Zhifeng , Zeng Chaojun , Chen Yuqing , Nian Shengqing , Weng Simin , Xu Yuanteng , Lin Chang 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
To investigate the normal growth and development of mastoid pneumatization volume from 5 to 12 months for pediatric otosurgeons.

Study Design
Retrospective chart review.

Setting
A tertiary referral center.

Patients
This study evaluated age-dependent changes in mastoid air cell volume in 94 (188 ears) patients aged 5 to 12 months without a history of middle ear disease.

Main Outcome Measures
Volume reconstruction was based on high-resolution computed tomography images using a three-dimensional reconstruction that is considered normal by radiologists. One-way analysis of variance and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between the volume and age in male and female subjects.

Results
Forty-eight scans were from male and 46 from female patients. In the age group from 5 to 12 months, the mastoid pneumatization was independent of age (p > 0.05). There were no significant volume differences found between the age groups. Neither male/female nor right/left significant differences were observed in relation to the algebraic data of the mastoid air cells volume (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Based on this analytic study, we are the first to use three-dimensional volume quantification based on high-resolution computed tomography in such large samples of early infancy. Because of its potential role as a susceptibility factor for otitis media and other otologic problems, it is important to describe the growth and development of mastoid pneumatization. More extensive clinical studies are needed to give a comprehensive insight into the air cell volume across age groups in different populations.
The Relationship Between Regional Growth in Neonatal Intensive Care Capacity and Perinatal Risk
Authors: Davis Rebekah , Stuchlik Patrick M. , Goodman David C. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The supply of US neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) beds and neonatologists is known to vary markedly across regions, but there have been no investigation of patterns of recent growth (1991–2017) in NICUs in relation to newborn need.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that greater growth in NICU capacity occurred in neonatal intensive care regions with higher perinatal risk.

Research Design:
A longitudinal ecological analysis with neonatal intensive care regions (n=246) as the units of analysis. Associations were tested using linear regression.

Subjects:
All US live births ≥400 g in 1991 (n=4,103,528) and 2017 (n=3,849,644).

Measures:
Primary measures of risk were the proportions of low–birth weight and very low–birth weight newborns and mothers who were Black or had low educational attainment.

Results:
Over 26 years, the numbers of NICU beds and neonatologists per live birth increased 42% and 200%, respectively, with marked variation in growth across regions (interquartile range: 0.3–4.1, beds; neonatologists, 0.4–1.0 per 1000 live births). A weak association of capacity with perinatal risk in 1991 was absent in 2017. There was no meaningful (ie, clinical or policy relevant) association between regional changes in capacity and regions with higher perinatal risk or lower capacity in 1991; higher increases in perinatal risk were not associated with higher capacity growth.

Conclusion:
The lack of association between newborn medical needs and the supply of NICU resources raises questions about the current effectiveness of newborn care at a population level.
Sexual Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors With Pelvic Radiation Injuries
Authors: Hauken May Aasebø , Velure Grete Kalleklev , Müller Bernd , Sekse Ragnhild Johanne Tveit 
Published: July 2023

Background
Little knowledge exists on how late radiation tissue injuries (LRTIs) affect sexual health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in pelvic cancer survivors.

Objective
To explore sexual health and HRQOL in cancer survivors with pelvic LRTI.

Method
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, including 83 pelvic cancer survivors with LRTI. Data on sexual health, LTRIs, and HRQOL were collected by validated questionnaires, whereas medical variables were collected from medical records.

Results
Participants’ sexual health was severely impaired. Bowel and urinary LRTIs correlated with most of the symptoms of impaired sexual health (Pearson r = −0.241 to −0.376, P < .05–.01). Men and women reported different sexual challenges related to functional and symptomatic variables but not on the gender-neutral aspects of sexual health. Younger survivors, gynecological cancer survivors, or those who received external and internal radiation or additional chemotherapy reported significantly (P < .05–.001) higher levels of sexual impairment. Participants’ HRQOL was impaired. Several dimensions of sexual health correlated significantly (P < .05–.001) with the functional dimensions of reduced HRQOL.

Conclusion
Cancer survivors with pelvic LRTIs experience severely impaired sexual health across genders, with negative consequences for their HRQOL.

Implications for Practice
Healthcare professionals should include sexual health as an important part of individual patients’ health and HRQOL throughout their treatment trajectory and follow-up, by screening sexual health, implementing measures and interventions to promote sexual health, and supporting survivors’ coping and health-promoting strategies.
Increased Dispersion of Ventricular Repolarization as an Arrhythmic Risk Marker in Drug-free Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Preliminary Comparative Study
Authors: Balcioglu Yasin H. , Gokcay Hasan , Kirlioglu Balcioglu Simge S. , Solmaz Mustafa 
Published: July 2023

Objective:Drug-free patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are understudied in terms of increased risk for arrhythmias. In this study, we compared changes in corrected QT interval (QTc), QTc dispersion (QTcd), Tpeak-Tend(Tp-e), Tp-e/QT ratio, corrected JT interval (JTc), and JTc dispersion (JTcd), which are considered to be among the risk factors for the emergence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with MDD.Methods:The study involved 50 patients with MDD who had been free of psychotropic medications for at least 1 month and 52 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Illness-related characteristics, including duration of illness and Beck Depression Inventory scores, were recorded. Electrocardiography recordings made under a standardized procedure were performed for all participants, and arrhythmia risk markers were calculated from the electrocardiograms.Results:The patient group had significantly higher QTcd, JTc, and JTcd values compared with the controls. Among electrocardiogram markers, only Tp-e/QTc was significantly and inversely correlated with the duration of illness, while none of the markers was associated with Beck Depression Inventory scores.Conclusions:Alterations in electrocardiogram-derived markers of ventricular arrhythmia, which can be obtained easily and inexpensively, can be evaluated for the prediction and prevention of severe cardiac conditions in patients with MDD and considered in selecting the safest antidepressant options available.
Correction of Cleft Lip Nose Deformity With Circular Shape Alar Graft and Block Costal Cartilage
Authors: Zhang Xulong , Song Zhen , Xu Yihao , You Jianjun , Wang Huan , Zheng Ruobing , Tian Le , Guo Junsheng , Fan Fei 
Published: July 2023

Background
Secondary deformities of the cleft lip and nose are mainly caused by the long period of craniofacial development and the secondary scarring. Correction of the secondary cleft lip-nose deformity is a complex process that requires both the correction of the soft tissue and skeletal support. The purpose of this study was to present our experience in correcting the secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities with autologous costal cartilage.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent correction of unilateral cleft nasal deformity with simultaneous rhinoplasty by a senior surgeon from January 2015 to January 2022 was conducted. Preoperative and postoperative measurements of the columellar-labial angle and the inclination of nasal base were conducted to evaluate the surgical outcomes.

Results
A total of 54 patients were included in this study according to the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 4 years (range, 1–7 years). The mean values of the columellar-labial angle were 91.1 ± 9.2 degrees preoperatively and 101.0 ± 5.9 degrees postoperatively. The mean values of the inclination of nasal base were 4.5 ± 1.2 degrees preoperatively and 0.9 ± 0.4 degrees postoperatively. There was a considerable increase in the columellar-labial angle after the surgery (9.9 ± 6.0 degrees; P < 0.01). The inclination of nasal base decreased significantly (3.6 ± 1.1 degrees; P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Our approach on correction the secondary clef lip nose through repositioning the muscles by Z-plasty and application of the block cartilage graft and circular shape alar graft has achieved long-term satisfactory results.
Should the Eigenfactor Replace the Impact Factor?
Authors: Skorochod Ron , Grinblat Golda , Uri Ophir , Wolf Yoram 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDespite the global acceptance of the impact factor (IF) by researchers and academic institutions as one, criticism has been voiced regarding its effectiveness in evaluating the unbiased impact of a journal. To overcome the limitations and drawbacks of the IF that were presented by the scientific community, they introduced several other citation-based bibliometric indices.MethodsAll plastic and reconstructive surgery journals were analyzed, and bibliometric indices were extracted from the relevant source. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine correlations between the various indices.ResultsAll correlations in between the various bibliometric indices were found to be positively and statistically significant, ranging from moderately highly associated for the IF and Eigenfactor (r= 0.632) to very strongly associated (r= 0.962) for the IF and the Article Influence Score.ConclusionIn the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, the Eigenfactor and its derivative, the Article Influence Score, could potentially serve as better indices than the IF in demonstrating the overall picture. This information is based on the inclusion of a greater number of journals in the calculation and subtraction of self-citations, without compromising their correlation with other indices.The use of Eigenfactor and other additional bibliometrics cooperatively with the IF could provide the most extensive evaluation of a journal's scientific impact.
Improving the Care of Our Patients
Authors: Linkugel Andrew D. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Snyder-Warwick Alison K. 
Published: July 2023

Background
James Barrett Brown was one of the founders of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery as a specialty in the United States. Susan Mackinnon started the James Barrett Brown Resident Research Day in 1997 in his honor to serve as an annual opportunity for trainees to present their research to the Division and a visiting contemporary leader in plastic surgery. We sought to determine the proportion of Resident Research Day projects that have progressed to publication.

Methods
Available internal records from 1998 to 2019 were used to identify presenters and projects. Academic productivity of presenters was estimated with the h-index from the Scopus database.

Results
One hundred forty-five students, residents, and fellows presented 276 projects at Resident Research Day from 1998 to 2019. These presentations were associated with 144 unique peer-reviewed publications, representing 52% of the presented projects. They were published an average of 1.8 years after presentation, and the presenter was the first or last author on 67% of them. The current average h-index of trainees who published at least 1 project (8.3) is significantly higher than the h-index of those who did not (5.0, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The James Barrett Brown Resident Research Day not only honors the legacy of Brown but also enhances scholarly activity of trainees. The opportunity to present and publish research teaches project planning, implementation, and data analysis, followed by manuscript preparation and the publication process. This important skill set can provide the foundation for the academic careers of future leaders in plastic surgery.
Serum Interleukin 6 Level is Associated With Overall Survival and Treatment Response in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Authors: Karalis John D. , Ju Michelle R. , Yoon Lynn Y. , Castro-Dubon Esther C. , Reznik Scott I. , Hammer Suntrea T.G. , Porembka Matthew R. , Wang Sam C. 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Identify novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers for gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G+GEJ).

Background:
There are few biomarkers to guide treatment for G+GEJ. The systemic inflammatory response of G+GEJ patients is associated with survival. In this study, we evaluated the relationship of circulating serum cytokine levels with overall survival (OS) and pathologic tumor regression grade (TRG) in G+GEJ patients.

Methods:
We queried the UT Southwestern gastric cancer biobank to identify consecutive patients diagnosed with G+GEJ from 2016-2022; these patients had pre-treatment serum collected at diagnosis. For patients who received neoadjuvant therapy, an additional serum sample was collected immediately prior to surgical resection. An unbiased screen of 17 cytokines were measured in a discovery cohort. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of cytokine concentration with OS. Findings were validated in additional patients. In patients who received neoadjuvant therapy, we assessed whether the change in IL-6 after therapy was associated with TRG.

Results:
67 patients were included in the discovery cohort and IL-6 was the only pre-treatment cytokine associated with OS; this was validated in 134 other patients (HR: 1.012 per 1 pg/mL increase, 95%CI: 1.006-1.019, P=0.0002). Patients in the top tercile of IL-6 level had worse median OS (10.6 mo) compared to patients in the intermediate (17.4 mo) and bottom tercile (35.8 mo, P<0.0001). Among patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy (n=50), an unchanged or decrease in IL-6 level from pre-treatment to post-treatment had a sensitivity and specificity of 80% for predicting complete or near-complete pathologic tumor regression (TRG 0-1).

Conclusion:
Pre-treatment serum level of IL-6 is a promising prognostic biomarker for G+GEJ patients. Comparing pre- and post-neoadjuvant IL-6 levels may predict pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy.