bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Development Long non-coding RNA (CARDEL) is activated during human heart development and contributes to cardiac specification and homeostasis
Authors: Pereira Isabela T. , Gomes-Júnior Rubens , Hansel-Frose Aruana , Liu Man , Soliman Hossam A.N. , Chan Sunny S.K. , Dudley Samuel C. , Kyba Michael , Dallagiovanna Bruno 
Published: February 2023

SummarySuccessful heart development depends on the careful orchestration of a network of transcription factors and signaling pathways. In recent years, thein vitrocardiac differentiation using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been used to uncover the intricate gene network regulation involved in the proper formation and function of the human heart. Here, we searched for uncharacterized cardiac developmental genes by combining a temporal evaluation of the human cardiac specificationin vitrowith the analysis of fetal and adult heart tissue gene expression. We discovered thatCARDEL(CARdiac DEvelopment Long non-coding RNA; LINC00890; SERTM2) expression coincides with the commitment to the cardiac lineage.CARDELknockout hPSCs differentiated poorly in cardiac cells, and hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes showed faster beating rates afterCARDELcontrolled overexpression during differentiation. Altogether, we demonstrate physiological and molecular evidence thatCARDELexpression contributes to sculpting the cardiac program during cell-fate commitment.
Evolution of promoter-proximal pausing enabled a new layer of transcription control
Authors: Chivu Alexandra G. , Basso Brent A. , Abuhashem Abderhman , Leger Michelle M. , Barshad Gilad , Rice Edward J. , Vill Albert C. , Wong Wilfred , Chou Shao-Pei , Chovatiya Gopal , Brady Rebecca , Smith Jeramiah J. , Wikramanayake Athula H. , Arenas-Mena César , Brito Ilana L. , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina , Lis John T. , Lewis James J. , Danko Charles G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPromoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a key regulatory step during transcription. Despite the central role of pausing in gene regulation, we do not understand the evolutionary processes that led to the emergence of Pol II pausing or its transition to a rate-limiting step actively controlled by transcription factors. Here we analyzed transcription in species across the tree of life. Unicellular eukaryotes display a slow acceleration of Pol II near transcription start sites that transitioned to a longer-lived, focused pause in metazoans. This event coincided with the evolution of new subunits in the NELF and 7SK complexes. Depletion of NELF in mammals shifted the promoter-proximal buildup of Pol II from the pause site into the early gene body and compromised transcriptional activation for a set of heat shock genes. Our work details the evolutionary history of Pol II pausing and sheds light on how new transcriptional regulatory mechanisms evolve.
Microcalcifications can either trigger or suppress breast precancer malignancy potential according to the mineral type in a 3D tumor model
Authors: Cohen Amit , Gotnayer Lotem , Aranovich Dina , Vidavsky Netta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost early breast precancer lesions, termed ductal carcinomain situ(DCIS), contain microcalcifications (MCs), which are calcium-containing pathological minerals. The most common type of MCs is calcium phosphate crystals, mainly carbonated apatite; it is associated with either benign or malignant lesions.In-vitrostudies indicate that the crystal properties of apatite MCs can affect breast cancer progression. A less common type of MCs is calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), which is almost always found in benign lesions. We developed a 3D tumor model of multicellular spheroids of human precancer cells containing synthetic MC analogs that link the crystal properties of MCs with the progression of breast precancer to invasive cancer. We show that apatite crystals induce proliferation and Her2 overexpression in DCIS cells. This tumor-triggering effect is increased when the carbonate fraction in the MCs decreases. COD crystals, in contrast, do not induce proliferation and reduce Her2 expression, even compared with control spheroids with no added MC analogs. This finding suggests that COD is not randomly located only in benign lesions—it may actively contribute to suppressing precancer progression in its surroundings. Our model provides an easy-to-manipulate platform to better understand the interactions between breast precancer cells and MCs. A better understanding of the effect of the crystal properties of MCs on precancer progression will potentially provide new directions for better precancer prognosis and treatment.
Synthesis and crystal structures of new chiral 3-amino-2H-azirines and the Pd complex of one of them
Authors: Linden Anthony , Bucher Christoph B. , Gubler Ralf , Villalgordo José M. , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: February 2023

3-Amino-2H-azirines are potentially versatile building blocks in heterocyclic and peptide synthesis. Three new 3-amino-2H-azirines have been synthesized as racemates or mixtures of diastereoisomers in cases where another chiral residue is incorporated as the exocyclic amine. The crystal structures of two of them, an approximately 1:1 diastereoisomeric mixture of (2R)- and (2S)-2-ethyl-3-[(2S)-2-(1-methoxy-1,1-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-2H-azirine, C23H28N2O, 11, and 2-benzyl-3-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)-2-phenyl-2H-azirine, C22H20N2, 12, and the third as its diastereoisomeric trans-PdCl2 complex, trans-dichlorido[(2R)-2-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(X)-2H-azirine][(2S)-2-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(X)-2H-azirine]palladium(II), where X = N-{[(1S,2S,5S)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-yl]methyl}-N-phenylamino, [PdCl2(C21H30N2)2], 14, have been determined and the geometries of the azirine rings compared with those of 11 other 3-amino-2H-azirine structures reported in the literature. Most notable is the very long formal N—C single bond, which is, with one exception, around 1.57 Å. Each compound has crystallized in a chiral space group. The Pd atom in the trans-PdCl2 complex is coordinated by one of each of the pair of diastereoisomers, while both of the diastereoisomers share the same crystallographic site in the structure of 11; this property thereby manifesting itself as disorder. The chosen crystal of 12 is either an inversion twin or composed of a pure enantiomorph, but this could not be established specifically.
Private Equity Buyouts and Exports: The Impact of Brexit on UK Firms
Authors: Lavery Paul , Serena Jose‐Maria , Spaliara Marina‐Eliza , Tsoukas Serafeim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper examines how private equity (PE) buyouts affect export activity among target firms around the Brexit period. Using data on UK firms for 2012–2019 and difference‐in‐differences estimations for matched target versus non‐target firms, we assess how the unprecedented Leave vote affects portfolio firms' internationalization. We find that following the referendum, PE buyout targets are more likely to engage in exporting and are in turn more likely to increase the value of their exports and their export intensity relative to their non‐PE‐backed peers. We further find evidence of an active governance channel, whereby the benefits of PE investment after Brexit are more potent when greater governance changes occur on boards of directors, and for firms whose senior directors have more international experience.
Purtscher‐like retinopathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab plus low‐dose interleukin‐2: A case report
Authors: Li Min , Jin Yuebo , He Jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurtscher‐like retinopathy, an occlusive microvasculopathy, is a rare and severe ophthalmic complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) characterized by a sudden loss of vision with retinal whitening, cotton wool spots and minimal intraretinal hemorrhage. Recovery in visual acuity is usually poor even with prompt treatment. This case showed a patient with SLE concurrent Purtscher‐like retinopathy treated with rituximab and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) with good prognosis. A 16‐year‐old female with a 2‐year history of SLE was admitted because of unrelieved disease activity of SLE when treated with a high dose of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants and she further suffered from reduced visual acuity in both eyes. She was diagnosed with Purtscher‐like retinopathy secondary to SLE after ocular examination. Rituximab and low‐dose IL‐2 for systemic treatment and intravitreal injection of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor antibody to right eye were given. The SLE disease was completely relieved with the sight recovering and no recurrence of Purtscher‐like retinopathy was reported during 6‐year follow‐up. Purtscher‐like retinopathy associated with SLE should be treated early and promptly. Rituximab should be considered in SLE patients with Purtscher‐like retinopathy who have an incomplete response to initial immunosuppressive therapy and low‐dose IL‐2 may help induction of clinical remission.
Mechanical ventilation post‐bilateral lung transplantation: A scoping review
Authors: Morgan Stephen , Aneman Anders , Nair Priya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from lung protective ventilation (LPV) in the acute respiratory distress syndrome has commonly been applied to guide periprocedural ventilation in lung transplantation. However, this approach may not adequately consider the distinctive features of respiratory failure and allograft physiology in the lung transplant recipient.This scoping review was conducted to systematically map the research describing ventilation and relevant physiological parameters post‐bilateral lung transplantation with the aim to identify any associations with patient outcomes and gaps in the current knowledge base.MethodsTo identify relevant publications, comprehensive literature searches of electronic bibliographic databases were conducted with the guidance of an experienced librarian in MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library. The search strategies were peer‐reviewed using the PRESS (Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies) checklist. The reference lists of all relevant review articles were surveyed.Publications were included in the review if they described relevant ventilation parameters in the immediate post‐operative period, published between 2000 and 2022 and involved human subjects undergoing bilateral lung transplantation. Publications were excluded if they included animal models, only single‐lung transplant recipients or only patients managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.ResultsA total of 1212 articles were screened, 27 were subject to full‐text review and 11 were included in the analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed to be poor with no prospective multi‐centre randomised controlled trials. The frequency of reported retrospective LPV parameters was as follows: tidal volume (82%), tidal volume indexed to both donor and recipient body weight (27%) and plateau pressure (18%). Data suggest that undersized grafts are at risk of unrecognised higher tidal volume ventilation indexed to donor body weight. The most reported patient‐centred outcome was graft dysfunction severity in the first 72 h.ConclusionThis review has identified a significant knowledge gap that indicates uncertainty regarding the safest ventilation practice in lung transplant recipients. The risk may be greatest in patients with established high‐grade primary graft dysfunction and undersized allografts, and these factors may define a sub‐group that warrants further investigation.
Enabling social care services for older adults during periods of long‐term social isolation: Service provider perspectives
Authors: Budrikis Amy , Parry Cate , Adams Claire , Gringart Eyal , Sim Moira , McAullay Daniel , Strobel Natalie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how small, local organisations were impacted by and responded to COVID‐19 in their delivery of social care services to older adults (70 years and older). Lessons learnt and future implications are discussed.MethodsSix representatives from four social care services (five females and one male) participated in individual semistructured interviews. Responses were analysed thematically.ResultsThe key themes identified were service providers' experience, perceived needs of older adults and adapting services. Service providers positioned themselves as front‐line essential workers for their older adult clients, resulting in some emotional toll and distress for the service providers. They provided information, wellness checks and at‐home assistance to keep their older adult clients connected.ConclusionsService providers feel more prepared for future restrictions but flag the potential of training and supporting older adults to use technology to stay connected, as well as the need for more readily available funding to allow services to adapt quickly during times of crisis.
Using input–output models to estimate sectoral effects of carbon tax policy: Applications of the NGFS scenarios
Authors: Kay David , Jolley G. Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) has engaged in scenario analysis that estimates a $200/ton carbon tax would be required to transition to net zero carbon by 2050. Using a $200/ton carbon tax as a base, this paper uses input–output (IO) modeling to generate price and revenue effects of a carbon tax. Results from these models, which can only be interpreted as the short‐run, upper‐bound effects of the carbon tax policy, imply that in response to a $200/ton tax on CO2e emissions, carbon‐intensive industries, such as agriculture, extraction, transportation, utilities, and chemicals, may experience price increases in the range of 10‐30 percent. Other industries will also experience price increases, but to a lesser degree, due to increased input costs associated with the tax. In addition, modeling results also suggest that industries facing elastic pricing regimes may face similar‐sized declines in revenues as a consequence of the carbon tax. Rank‐ordered impact results from these models can be utilized by bank supervisors and firms to adequately plan for sectoral‐level transition risk within their lending and/or investment portfolios.
Does lithium poisoning induce brain injuries?—A histopathological rat study
Authors: Klein Mathieu , Naffaa Vanessa , Chevillard Lucie , Risède Patricia , Saubaméa Bruno , Adle‐Biassette Homa , Mégarbane Bruno 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to a narrow therapeutic index, prolonged lithium treatment and overdose may result in neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity is deemed reversible with lithium clearance. However, echoing the report of syndrome of irreversible lithium‐effectuated neurotoxicity (SILENT) in rare severe poisonings, lithium‐induced histopathological brain injuries including extensive neuronal vacuolization, spongiosis and ageing‐like neurodegenerative changes were described in the rat following acute toxic and pharmacological exposure. We aimed to investigate the histopathological consequences of lithium exposure in rat models mimicking prolonged treatment and all three patterns of acute, acute‐on‐chronic and chronic poisonings observed in humans. We performed histopathology and immunostaining‐based analyses using optic microscopy of brains obtained from male Sprague–Dawley rats randomly assigned to lithium or saline (controls) and treated according to the therapeutic or to the three poisoning models. No lesion was observed in any brain structure in any of the models. Neuron and astrocyte counts did not differ significantly between lithium‐treated rats and controls. Our findings support that lithium‐induced neurotoxicity is reversible and brain injury not a common feature of toxicity.
Implant survival in the anterior mandible: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pedrinaci Ignacio , Sun Teresa Chanting , Sanz‐Alonso Mariano , Sanz‐Esporrin Javier , Hamilton Adam , Gallucci German O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to report the implant survival rate of dental implants of partially dentate patients in the anterior mandible and the potential risk indicators for implant failure.Materials and MethodsPatients with implant‐supported restorations of single or multiple teeth in the anterior mandible restored with fixed partial implant‐supported restorations were evaluated. Patient demographic data, implant placement timing, and loading protocol, biological and/or technical complications at the time of the last clinical and radiographic follow‐up visit were registered. Survival rate, success rate, and potential risk indicators for implant failure were calculated.ResultsA total of 108 patients and 186 implants with a mean follow‐up period of 5.48 years (0.1–11.34 years) were included. The 11.3‐year cumulative survival rate was 90.9%. Immediate implant placement (OR = 2.75) (p = .08) and immediate implant loading (OR = 8.8) (p = .02*) indicated a higher risk of failure than late implant placement or loading. When combining both categories (type 1A), an OR = 10.59 (p = .04*) for implant failure was found compared to category 4C. Implants placed following static—computer‐assisted implant surgery (S‐CAIS) showed less risk of failure compared to freehand implant placement (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02–1.37) (p = .09).ConclusionsThe survival rate of implants placed in the anterior mandible was considerably low (90.9%). S‐CAIS, late placement, and conventional loading are protective factor against implant failure in the anterior mandible.
Shedding a light on the importance of photopatch testing: A 12‐year experience in a dermatology unit
Authors: Codeço Carlos , Alves Pedro Botelho , Figueiredo Ana Carolina , Flor Duarte , Gonçalo Margarida 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhotopatch testing has been standardized for diagnosing photoallergic contact dermatitis but is still infrequently used.ObjectivesTo characterize photopatch test (PPT) results and their clinical relevance.MethodsWe collected retrospective data from patients photopatch tested in our Dermatology Unit (2010–2021), using the European PPT ‘baseline’ series, other allergens, and patient's own products, when appropriate.ResultsOut of 223 patients, 75 patients (33.6%) were reactive with 124 positive PPT reactions, considered relevant in 56/223 patients (25.1%) and in 72/124 reactions (58.1%). Most reactions were caused by topical drugs (n = 33; 45.8%), such as ketoprofen or promethazine, and 7 (9.8%) by systemic drugs, such as hydrochlorothiazide and fenofibrate. ‘Classical’ ultraviolet filters were responsible for six positive PPT reactions whereas there was only three relevant PPT to the ‘newer’ UV filters. Patients' sunscreens/cosmetics or plant extracts caused 10 positive PPT each. Additional patch test reactions were observed, mostly to Tinosorb® M.ConclusionContrary to the trend in ACD, most positive PPT reactions were caused by topical drugs, outweighing ultraviolet filters and cosmetics. We stress the low reactivity to the ‘newer’ UV filters included in the PPT series. PPT was occasionally positive in systemic drug photosensitivity, but overall PPT reactivity was low.
From Puzzle to Progress: How Engaging With Neurodiversity Can Improve Cognitive Science
Authors: Manalili Marie A. R. , Pearson Amy , Sulik Justin , Creechan Louise , Elsherif Mahmoud , Murkumbi Inika , Azevedo Flavio , Bonnen Kathryn L. , Kim Judy S. , Kording Konrad , Lee Julie J. , Obscura Manifold , Kapp Steven K. , Röer Jan P. , Morstead Talia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn cognitive science, there is a tacit norm that phenomena such as cultural variation or synaesthesia are worthy examples of cognitive diversity that contribute to a better understanding of cognition, but that other forms of cognitive diversity (e.g., autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/ADHD, and dyslexia) are primarily interesting only as examples of deficit, dysfunction, or impairment. This status quo is dehumanizing and holds back much‐needed research. In contrast, the neurodiversity paradigm argues that such experiences are not necessarily deficits but rather are natural reflections of biodiversity. Here, we propose that neurodiversity is an important topic for future research in cognitive science. We discuss why cognitive science has thus far failed to engage with neurodiversity, why this gap presents both ethical and scientific challenges for the field, and, crucially, why cognitive science will produce better theories of human cognition if the field engages with neurodiversity in the same way that it values other forms of cognitive diversity. Doing so will not only empower marginalized researchers but will also present an opportunity for cognitive science to benefit from the unique contributions of neurodivergent researchers and communities.
Reimagining protected and conserved areas in Africa: Perspectives from the first Africa Protected Areas Congress
Authors: Bakarr Mohamed I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo protect nature, African parks must contribute to human well‐being, overcome threats, and secure reliable funding sources. The first Africa Protected Areas Congress (APAC) held in Kigali, Rwanda from July 18 to 23, 2022 has reaffirmed the need to re‐imagine the role of protected and conserved areas (PCAs) in safeguarding wildlife and biodiversity on the continent. Conservation strategies in Africa must be driven by the urgency to make PCAs people centered, advance integrated approaches to tackle drivers of biodiversity loss, and to promote sustainable and innovative financing for PCAs. This paper discusses how African countries can address these needs to harness the full potential of PCAs and ensure their long‐term sustainability.
Degumming of Eri silk by Sapindus (soapnut) extract and optimisation by response surface methodology
Authors: Patil Harshal , Surve Krupali , Athalye Ashok 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present investigation aims to develop a method for degumming Eri silk using Sapindus (soapnut) extract and optimise it using response surface methodology (RSM). The initial experiment was conducted with 10 g/L Sapindus extract for 60 min at a boil, and the initial experiments indicated effective degumming. Further degumming experiments were conducted using RSM to optimise the process parameters, with weight loss being the primary response. The results revealed an optimised recipe for degumming was 9 g/L Sapindus extract at 92°C for 30 min, and the desirability value for this optimised recipe is 0.376. Eri silk that has been alkali‐degummed loses more weight than silk degummed with Sapindus extract and soap. Comparatively speaking, degumming with Sapindus extract has a lesser impact on tensile strength than degumming with alkaline and soap. The whiteness, yellowness, brightness, and absorbency values between Sapindus extract and conventional degumming do not significantly differ. Compared with soap and Sapindus extract degumming, alkaline degummed fabric exhibits higher dye uptake. After being degummed with soap and Sapindus extract instead of alkaline, the fabric felt softer. Overall, the results show that both degumming with Sapindus extract and traditional methods are equally effective.