bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant prosthodontic design as a predisposing or precipitating factor for peri‐implant disease: A review
Authors: Hamilton Adam , Putra Armand , Nakapaksin Pranai , Kamolroongwarakul Pongrapee , Gallucci German O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, emerging evidence indicates a strong relationship between prosthetic design and peri‐implant tissue health. The objective of this narrative review was to evaluate the evidence for the corresponding implant prosthodontic design factors on the risk to peri‐implant tissue health. One of the most important factors to achieve an acceptable implant restorative design is the ideal implant position. Malpositioned implants often result in a restorative emergence profile at the implant‐abutment junction that can restrict the access for patients to perform adequate oral hygiene. Inadequate cleansability and poor oral hygiene has been reported as a precipitating factors to induce the peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis and are influenced by restorative contours. The implant–abutment connection, restorative material selection and restoration design are also reported in the literature as having the potential to influence peri‐implant sort tissue health.
Strontium‐modified titanium substrate promotes osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and implant osseointegration via upregulating CDH2
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Ge Ziyu , Song Lu , Yan Jiahui , Lang Xinrui , Zhang Yanzhen , He Fuming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesOur previous studies showed that strontium (Sr)‐modified sand‐blasted, large grit, acid etched titanium surface (Sr‐SLA) is beneficial for osseointegration; however, the supporting mechanisms have not been explored in detail.Materials and MethodsWhole‐transcriptome RNA sequencing of peri‐implant bone tissue was performed, and CDH2 was selected as a key mediator of Sr‐SLA‐mediated osseointegration. To test this hypothesis, a lentivirus‐mediated vector targeting the silencing of the CDH2 gene was used in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prior to seeding on Ti substrates. The effects of CDH2 interference on MSCs vitality, differentiation, and β‐catenin signaling activity were evaluated. In vivo, a recombinant adeno‐associated virus 9 vector carrying an artificial siRNA that target CDH2 (AAV9‐CDH2i) was intravenously injected in mice, followed by tibial surgery with implant placement. Osseointegration were monitored using micro‐CT analysis.ResultsCDH2 expression in MSCs on Sr‐SLA was higher than the control group, which was in parallel with the enhanced cell migration, adhesion, and upregulation of early osteogenic markers. Knocking down CDH2 in MSCs resulted in decreased cell viability and osteogenic differentiation, and the elevated biocompatibility and osteoinductive effect of Sr‐SLA were greatly diminished. Surprisingly, Sr‐SLA‐induced upregulation of CDH2 was not followed by restriction of β‐catenin signaling because Sr‐SLA also promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of β‐catenin. Systemic administration of AAV9‐CDH2i effectively knocked down CDH2 expression in bone marrow cells, and in turn, inhibited bone formation induced by Sr‐SLA.ConclusionsThe results indicated that CDH2 is required for Sr‐SLA‐mediated bone regeneration, which reveals a new mechanism to explain the osteoinductive effect of Sr‐SLA. Thus, biomaterial modifications targeting CDH2 may help improve early osseointegration and bone healing.
Prosthodontic outcomes of mandibular overdenture treatment with one or two implants: 4‐year results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Resende Gabriela Pereira , de Menezes Eunice Ellen Gontijo , Maniewicz Sabrina , Srinivasan Murali , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the incidence of prosthodontic maintenance events and complications during 4 years of follow‐up after mandibular overdenture treatment with one or two implants.MethodsParticipants received one or two implants inserted in the midline (1‐IOD group) or the lateral incisor‐canine area bilaterally (2‐IOD group). Implants were loaded with an early loading protocol after 3 weeks. Programmed recall visits were scheduled at the 6‐, 12‐, 36‐, and 48‐month follow‐ups and nonprogrammed visits in case of prosthodontic complaints. The type of maintenance was registered, and the final treatment outcome was classified as successful, surviving, unknown, dead, repair, or retreatment.ResultsForty‐seven participants, mean age 65.4 ± 8.6, 74.5% female, were included (1‐IOD = 23; 2‐IOD = 24) and 44 completed the 4‐year follow‐up. A total of 159 prosthodontic maintenance events occurred and 89 in unscheduled visits. The most common event was the need for minor modifications of the denture base due to sore spots in the oral mucosa (n = 56 in 31 patients), matrix activation (n = 54 in 34 patients), and overdenture fracture (n = 25 in 18 patients). A “successful” or “surviving” outcome could be attributed to 57.5% of cases, whereas 38.3% needed repair. No significant differences in the incidence of prosthodontic events or treatment outcomes were found between the two groups.ConclusionsFindings show that 1‐IODs perform similar to 2‐IODs when considering the incidence of fractures and the need for prosthodontic maintenance, including adjustments of the overdenture and the attachment system.
Outcomes of DCD kidneys with CIT‐induced delayed graft function
Authors: Zaphiros Nikolas H. , Nie Jing , Alchaer Michael W. , Kayler Liise K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDonation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys are exposed to warm ischemia, which, coupled with cold ischemia time (CIT) exacerbates delayed graft function (DGF) and is possibly associated with worse graft survival. To analyze the risk of CIT‐induced DGF on DCD kidney outcomes, we evaluated national data between 2008 and 2018 of adult kidney‐only recipients of paired DCD kidneys where one kidney recipient experienced DGF and the other did not. Of 5602 paired DCD kidney recipients, multivariate analysis between recipients with higher CIT relative to lower CIT showed that increasing CIT differences had a significant dose‐dependent effect on overall graft survival. The graft survival risk was minimal with CIT differences of ≥1‐h (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.07, 95% CI .95– 1.20, n = 5602) and ≥5‐h (aHR 1.09, 95% CI .93–1.29, n = 2710) and became significant at CIT differences of ≥10‐h (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.78, n = 1086) and ≥15‐h (aHR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15–2.77, n = 1086). Between each of the four delta‐CIT levels of shorter and longer CIT, there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of acute rejection. These results suggest that in the setting of DCD kidney transplantation (KTX), DGF, specifically mediated by prolonged CIT, impacts long‐term graft outcomes.
State‐of‐the‐art therapy for Down syndrome
Authors: Lorenzon Nicola , Musoles‐Lleó Juanluis , Turrisi Federica , Gomis‐González Maria , De La Torre Rafael , Dierssen Mara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, an important effort was made in the field of Down syndrome to find new interventions that improve cognition. These therapies have added to the traditional symptomatic treatments and to the drugs for treating Alzheimer disease in the general population repurposed for Down syndrome. Defining next‐generation therapeutics will involve biomarker‐based therapeutic decision‐making, and preventive and multimodal interventions. However, translation of specific findings into effective therapeutic strategies has been disappointingly slow and has failed in many cases at the clinical level, leading to reduced credibility of mouse studies. This is aggravated by a tendency to favour large‐magnitude effects and highly significant findings, leading to high expectations but also to a biased view of the complex pathophysiology of Down syndrome. Here, we review some of the most recent and promising strategies for ameliorating the cognitive state of individuals with Down syndrome. We studied the landscape of preclinical and clinical studies and conducted a thorough literature search on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles published between June 2012 and August 2022 on therapies for ameliorating cognitive function in individuals with Down syndrome. We critically assess current therapeutic approaches, why therapies fail in clinical trials in Down syndrome, and what could be the path forward. We discuss some intrinsic difficulties for translational research, and the need for a framework that improves the detection of drug efficacy to avoid discarding compounds too early from the companies’ pipelines.
Therapeutic inertia related to the injectable glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists dulaglutide and semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes in UK primary care
Authors: von Arx Lill‐Brith , Rachman Jonathan , Webb Joanne , Casey Caroline , Patel Amisha , Diomatari Christina , Wood Robert , Idris Iskandar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine the extent of therapeutic inertia related to the weekly injectable glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists dulaglutide and semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United Kingdom.Materials and methodsAdults with T2D who received their first primary care prescription of dulaglutide or semaglutide between January and July 2019 were identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD primary care database. Doses prescribed, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and concomitant T2D medications were assessed at first prescription and at 3, 6 and 9 months.ResultsOf the patients prescribed dulaglutide (N = 748; mean [SD] age 59.0 [11.2] years) and semaglutide (N = 437; mean [SD] age 58.4 [10.6] years), 93.0% and 89.0%, respectively, had an HbA1c level ≥7.5% (≥58.46 mmol/mol), and 56.4% and 54.9%, respectively, had an HbA1c level ≥9.0% (≥74.86 mmol/mol), at first prescription. At 6 to 9 months, 75.0% of those on dulaglutide 0.75 mg and 57.6% of those on semaglutide 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg had an HbA1c level ≥7.5% (≥58.46 mmol/mol). At 9 months, 21.9% of the dulaglutide cohort were on the suboptimal dose of 0.75 mg, and 46.1% of the semaglutide cohort were on the suboptimal doses of 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg.ConclusionsMultiple examples of therapeutic inertia were identified, including first prescription at HbA1c levels considerably above target and failure to escalate to optimal doses even with evidence of suboptimal metabolic control. A substantial proportion of patients therefore did not achieve optimal HbA1c targets.
Estimates of COVID‐19 deaths in Mainland China after abandoning zero COVID policy
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. , Zonta Francesco , Levitt Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundChina witnessed a surge of Omicron infections after abandoning ‘zero COVID’ strategies on 7 December 2022. The authorities report very sparse deaths based on very restricted criteria, but massive deaths are speculated.MethodsWe aimed to estimate the COVID‐19 fatalities in Mainland China until summer 2023 using the experiences of Hong Kong and of South Korea in 2022 as prototypes. Both these locations experienced massive Omicron waves after having had very few SARS‐CoV‐2 infections during 2020–2021. We estimated age‐stratified infection fatality rates (IFRs) in Hong Kong and South Korea during 2022 and extrapolated to the population age structure of Mainland China. We also accounted separately for deaths of residents in long‐term care facilities in both Hong Kong and South Korea.ResultsInfection fatality rate estimates in non‐elderly strata were modestly higher in Hong Kong than South Korea and projected 987,455 and 619,549 maximal COVID‐19 deaths respectively, if the entire China population were infected. Expected COVID‐19 deaths in Mainland China until summer 2023 ranged from 49,962 to 691,219 assuming 25–70% of the non‐elderly population being infected and variable protection of elderly (from none to three‐quarter reduction in fatalities). The main analysis (45% of non‐elderly population infected and fatality impact among elderly reduced by half) estimated 152,886–249,094 COVID‐19 deaths until summer 2023. Large uncertainties exist regarding potential changes in dominant variant, health system strain and impact on non‐COVID‐19 deaths.ConclusionsThe most critical factor that can affect total COVID‐19 fatalities in China is the extent to which the elderly can be protected.
Global, regional and national burden of alopecia areata and its associated diseases, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Jang Hyeokjoo , Park Seoyeon , Kim Min Seo , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Koyanagi Ai , Kostev Karel , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNo study to date has concomitantly reported the global burden of alopecia areata (AA) and its associated diseases.MethodsThe crude and age‐standardized rates of prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR) and years lived with disability (YLDs) of AA were extracted from the global burden of disease, injuries and risk factors study (GBD) database between 1990 and 2019 for 204 countries and territories. We stratified the analysis by global region, nation, sex, age and sociodemographic index (SDI) to dissect the epidemiology of AA and its associated diseases.ResultsAlopecia areata was responsible for 0.024% of the total DALYs. Age‐standardized DALYs rate of AA was 7.51 [4.73–11.14] per 100,000. Overall ASPR, ASIR and age‐standardized YLDs rates were stable from 1990 to 2019 globally. All three rates were about two times higher in females compared to males and had a bimodal distribution with peaks at age 30–34 years and 60–64 years. AA burden was positively correlated with SDI (r = .375, p < .001) and was most prevalent in high‐income countries, especially North America. Countries with a high AA incidence were more likely to have high incidences of autoimmune diseases and low incidences of ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke.ConclusionsThe burden of AA was prominent in females, young adults, high sociodemographic countries and North Americans. The study corroborates sex‐ and region‐specific implications and public health measures for AA and its associated burdens. These epidemiological data on AA burden can guide future research efforts, prevention strategies and allocation of resources.
Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease and risk for Parkinson's disease/dementia with Lewy bodies: A longitudinal study
Authors: Maraki Maria I. , Yannakoulia Mary , Xiromerisiou Georgia , Stefanis Leonidas , Charisis Sokratis , Giagkou Nikolaos , Kosmidis Mary H. , Dardiotis Efthimios , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Sakka Paraskevi , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Stamelou Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeLifestyle factors have been implicated in the long‐lasting neurodegenerative process in prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD). The aim was to investigate the associations between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and longitudinal changes of pPD probability and the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) or pPD in a Mediterranean older population.MethodsData from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet cohort (community‐dwelling individuals, aged ≥ 65 years) were used. A detailed food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake and calculate MeDi adherence score, ranging from 0 to 55, with higher scores indicating higher adherence. The probability of pPD was calculated according to the updated Movement Disorder Society research criteria.ResultsIn all, 1047 non‐PD/dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) participants were followed for 3 ± 1 years. MeDi adherence was associated with lower increase in pPD probability over time (b = −0.003, 95% confidence interval −0.006 to −0.001, p = 0.010). Forty‐nine participants had incident possible/probable pPD (i.e., pPD probability ≥ 30%). Compared to the participants in the lowest quartile of MeDi adherence, those in the higher quartiles had an approximately 60%–70% lower risk for possible/probable pPD (p for trend 0.003). MeDi–pPD associations were driven by both motor and non‐motor pPD markers and not from risk markers. Also, 21 participants were diagnosed with PD/DLB at follow‐up. For each unit increase in the MeDi score, there was a 9%–10% lower risk for PD/DLB (hazard ratio 0.906 [95% confidence interval 0.823–0.997], p = 0.044).ConclusionsMediterranean diet adherence is associated with lower increase in pPD probability over time and lower possible/probable pPD and PD/DLB incidence in older Mediterranean people. More studies are needed to confirm our results in other populations.
Observed associations between indicators of socioeconomic status and risk of multiple sclerosis in Sweden are explained by a few lifestyle‐related factors
Authors: Alfredsson Lars , Hillert Jan , Olsson Tomas , Hedström Anna Karin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear. The aim was to study whether a potential association between indicators of SES and MS risk in Sweden is explained by lifestyle/environmental factors.MethodsUsing the Swedish MS registry and the Swedish patient registries, a register study was performed comprising all cases diagnosed with MS in Sweden between 1990 and 2018 (N = 24,729) and five randomly selected controls per case, matched by year and age at disease onset, sex and residential area at disease onset. Data from two matched case–control studies combined comprising data on environment/lifestyle factors (7193 cases, 9609 controls, inclusion period 2005–2018) were also utilized. For all participants, information regarding ancestry, formal education (available 1990–2018) and family income (available 1998–2018) was retrieved from the National Board of Health and Welfare.ResultsThe registry study revealed no association between education and MS risk, whereas an income exceeding the upper quartile was associated with lower MS risk compared to having an income in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.82–0.90). These findings were replicated in the crude analyses of the case–control study. However, after adjustment for confounding, no association was observed between income and risk of MS.ConclusionsEducation and income were not associated with occurrence of MS after adjustment for a few lifestyle‐related factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index and sun exposure habits), indicating that SES has no influence on MS risk besides its association with these lifestyle factors in the Swedish context.
Variegated forms of corporate capture: The state, MNCs, and the dark side of strategic coupling
Authors: Teixeira Tiago 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMainstream literature on global value chains (GVCs) and global production networks (GPNs) has increasingly demonstrated how the state and political conjunctures play a central role in strategic coupling. Nonetheless, scholarly attention still remains on the role of firms and their strategies. By focusing on firms, GVC and GPN scholars often underestimate the influence that non‐firm actors such as the state have on strategic coupling, especially concerning its negative development implicationsits “dark side”. To contribute to this literature, this article proposes an approach and research agenda to examine how processes of corporate capture evolve via strategic coupling. This approach is based on the interplay of three variables: the strategic selectivity of states; the strategic action of firms; and states' predominant mode of insertion into GPNs. I argue that corporate capture is much more common and variegated in capitalist states and consequently in strategic coupling than often assumed in mainstream literature.
Formal education and Blatant‐subtle prejudice: Intercultural education and contact theory in French educational system
Authors: Alessandro Bergamaschi , Catherine Blaya , Shekarforush Seyedafshin , Francesco Arcidiacono 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccording to the intercultural paradigm, prejudice reduction is a way of promoting positive interactions among people and preventing discriminatory behaviours. This paper focuses on the role of teacher interventions in reducing student prejudices. We carried out a quantitative survey, which was administered to middle and high school students in France, to identify the role played by individual, school and sociocultural variables on ‘flagrant’ and ‘subtle’ prejudices. The findings show that when students perceive that their teachers are discussing racism and discrimination during formal education, manifestations of both types of prejudice decline. In addition, this perceived engagement creates a multiplicative effect on intergroup contacts among students, and this is an important condition for decreasing prejudice. The study highlights the potential of formal education to deconstruct stereotypes and encourage interculturalism, even in a context which is quite hostile to any reference to cultural identities. It also underlines that intercultural practices can start at the micro level without any formal institutional support.
Improving mathematics assessment readability: Do large language models help?
Authors: Patel Nirmal , Nagpal Pooja , Shah Tirth , Sharma Aditya , Malvi Shrey , Lomas Derek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundReadability metrics provide us with an objective and efficient way to assess the quality of educational texts. We can use the readability measures for finding assessment items that are difficult to read for a given grade level. Hard‐to‐read math word problems can put some students at a disadvantage if they are behind in their literacy learning. Despite their math abilities, these students can perform poorly on difficult‐to‐read word problems because of their poor reading skills. Less readable math tests can create equity issues for students who are relatively new to the language of assessment. Less readable test items can also affect the assessment's construct validity by partially measuring reading comprehension.ObjectivesThis study shows how large language models help us improve the readability of math assessment items.MethodsWe analysed 250 test items from grades 3 to 5 of EngageNY, an open‐source curriculum. We used the GPT‐3 AI system to simplify the text of these math word problems. We used text prompts and the few‐shot learning method for the simplification task.Results and ConclusionsOn average, GPT‐3 AI produced output passages that showed improvements in readability metrics, but the outputs had a large amount of noise and were often unrelated to the input. We used thresholds over text similarity metrics and changes in readability measures to filter out the noise. We found meaningful simplifications that can be given to item authors as suggestions for improvement.TakeawaysGPT‐3 AI is capable of simplifying hard‐to‐read math word problems. The model generates noisy simplifications using text prompts or few‐shot learning methods. The noise can be filtered using text similarity and readability measures. The meaningful simplifications AI produces are sound but not ready to be used as a direct replacement for the original items. To improve test quality, simplifications can be suggested to item authors at the time of digital question authoring.