bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to death of major trauma victims with haemorrhage: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Carne Brennan , Raina Aditya , Bothara Roshit , McCombie Andrew , Fleischer Dominic , Joyce Laura R 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors associated with death secondary to haemorrhage following major trauma.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was conducted on data from adult major trauma patients attending Christchurch Hospital ED between 1 June 2016 and 1 June 2020. Cases (those who died due to haemorrhage or multiple organ failure [MOF]), were matched to controls (those who survived) in a 1:5 ratio from the Canterbury District Health Board major trauma database. A multivariate analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for death due to haemorrhage.ResultsOne thousand, five hundred and forty major trauma patients were admitted to Christchurch Hospital or died in ED during the study period. Of them, 140 (9.1%) died from any cause, most attributed to a central nervous system cause of death; 19 (1.2%) died from haemorrhage or MOF. After controlling for age and injury severity, having a lower temperature on arrival in ED was a significant modifiable risk factor for death. Additionally, intubation prior to hospital, increased base deficit, lower initial haemoglobin and lower Glasgow Coma Scale were risk factors associated with death.ConclusionsThe present study reaffirms previous literature that lower body temperature on presentation to hospital is a significant potentially modifiable variable in predicting death following major trauma. Further studies should investigate whether all pre‐hospital services have key performance indicators (KPIs) for temperature management, and causes for failure to reach these. Our findings should promote development and tracking of such KPIs where they do not already exist.
Sensitivity to thyroid hormone and risk of components of metabolic syndrome in a Chinese euthyroid population
Authors: Lv Fang , Cai Xiaoling , Li Yufeng , Zhang Xiuying , Zhou Xianghai , Han Xueyao , Ji Linong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the association of sensitivity to thyroid hormone with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a Chinese euthyroid population.MethodsA total of 3573 participants from Pinggu Metabolic Disease Study were analyzed. Serum‐free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area of abdominal, and lumbar skeletal muscle area (SMA) were measured. Central thyroid hormone resistance was calculated by the Thyroid Feedback Quantile‐based Index (TFQI) and Chinese‐referenced Parametric TFQI (PTFQI), Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI) and TSH Index (TSHI). Peripheral thyroid hormone resistance was assessed by FT3/FT4 ratio.ResultsHigher values of TSHI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.167, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.079–1.262, p < .001), TT4RI (OR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.031–1.206, p = .006), TFQI (OR = 1.196, 95% CI: 1.106–1.294, p < .001), PTFQI (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.104–1.292, p < .001), and lower values of FT3/FT4 ratio (OR = 0.914, 95% CI: 0.845–0.990, p = .026) were associated with MetS. Increased levels of TFQI and PTFQI were associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Increased levels of TSHI and TT4RI were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Reduced levels of FT3/FT4 ratio were associated with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia. The levels of TSHI, TFQI, and PTFQI were negatively related to SMA and positively related to VAT, SAT, and TAT (all p < .05).ConclusionsReduced thyroid hormone sensitivity was associated with MetS and its components. Impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity might affect the distribution of adipose tissue and muscle.
An update on understanding the pathophysiology in Kawasaki disease: Possible role of immune complexes in coronary artery lesion revisited
Authors: Philip Saji , Jindal Ankur , Krishna Kumar Raman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self‐limiting systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting predominantly the coronary arteries. The role of circulating immune complexes (ICs) in the pathogenesis of KD has been studied using the sera of patients with KD. It has been proposed that ICs are triggered by single or multiple unknown causative agents as well as vasculitis. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections caused similar pathophysiology in producing vasculitis, and the RNA virus may have triggered signs and symptoms similar to KD. For clinicians and researchers alike, detecting the causative agents of KD remains a challenge. According to studies in animal models, type III hypersensitivity reactions caused by serum sickness are a prototype for IC vasculitis. The signs and symptoms of coronary artery dilation in swine are similar to those of KD. These models may be used to evaluate new pharmacological agents for KD. The pathogenesis of KD is complex and remains inadequately understood at present. However, circulating ICs may play a key role in the pathophysiology of KD and coronary artery vasculitis. Various therapeutic agents are being explored in the management of KD and these agents act at various stages of the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the pathogenesis of KD and provide insights into the innate immune response and mechanisms behind coronary artery damage in KD. We specifically explore the potential role of ICs in the pathogenesis of KD.
The use of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor—adalimumab—in the management of arthritis in an adolescent with HIV: A case report
Authors: Bakry Reima , Bokhary Nada , Sendi Esraa , Alshehri Malak , Sindi Lama , Alkwai Hend 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a myriad of musculoskeletal manifestations. Inflammatory arthritis has been described in association with HIV in both adults and children. Biologic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs, particularly tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), have been reported to manage inflammatory arthritis in adults with HIV when conventional therapy fails to control arthritis. In this report, we describe the management of arthritis and enthesitis in a 12‐year‐old adolescent male with HIV using the TNFi adalimumab. At the time of presentation, the patient was on highly active antiretroviral therapy for 1 year. His viral load was <40 copies/mL, and the CD4+ T‐cell count was 1280 cells/mm3. He had a positive antinuclear antibody and HLA‐B27. Rheumatoid factor was negative. After screening for hepatitis B and C and latent tuberculosis, the patient was started on adalimumab. This report describes the successful control of recalcitrant arthritis and enthesitis in a pediatric patient with HIV infection using adalimumab.
Fifty years of peril: A comprehensive comparison of the impact of terrorism and disasters linked to natural hazards (1970–2019)
Authors: Wilson Timothy , Noy Ilan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe compare the realised impact of terrorism and disasters linked to natural hazards. Using 50 years of data from two databases covering most of the global population, we find that natural hazard disasters were more than 20 times more impactful than terrorism. The former had a larger realised impact in all regions in both gross and per capita terms. The largest cross‐peril difference was in Asia, where natural hazard disasters took 324 million lifeyears, while terrorism took 10. Similar results were found across countries grouped by income status and development status. Low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries bore the vast majority of the impact of both terrorism and natural hazard disasters. Given the multitude of prevalent global threats, our findings are relevant in the allocation of scarce public resources to mitigate and adapt. Our results suggest that significantly greater public spending should be applied to natural hazard disasters than terrorism.
Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Shin Youn Ho , Hwang Jimin , Kwon Rosie , Lee Seung Won , Kim Min Seo ,   GBD 2019 Allergic Disorders Collaborators, Shin Jae Il , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAsthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic allergic conditions, along with allergic rhinitis and food allergy and cause high morbidity and mortality both in children and adults. This study aims to evaluate the global, regional, national, and temporal trends of the burden of asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019 and analyze their associations with geographic, demographic, social, and clinical factors.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we assessed the age‐standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of both asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019, stratified by geographic region, age, sex, and socio‐demographic index (SDI). DALYs were calculated as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost to premature mortality. Additionally, the disease burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking was described.ResultsIn 2019, there were a total of 262 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 224–309 million] cases of asthma and 171 million [95% UI: 165–178 million] total cases of AD globally; age‐standardized prevalence rates were 3416 [95% UI: 2899–4066] and 2277 [95% UI: 2192–2369] per 100,000 population for asthma and AD, respectively, a 24.1% [95% UI: −27.2 to −20.8] decrease for asthma and a 4.3% [95% UI: 3.8–4.8] decrease for AD compared to baseline in 1990. Both asthma and AD had similar trends according to age, with age‐specific prevalence rates peaking at age 5–9 years and rising again in adulthood. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and AD were both higher for individuals with higher SDI; however, mortality and DALYs rates of individuals with asthma had a reverse trend, with higher mortality and DALYs rates in those in the lower SDI quintiles. Of the three risk factors, high body mass index contributed to the highest DALYs and deaths due to asthma, accounting for a total of 3.65 million [95% UI: 2.14–5.60 million] asthma DALYs and 75,377 [95% UI: 40,615–122,841] asthma deaths.ConclusionsAsthma and AD continue to cause significant morbidity worldwide, having increased in total prevalence and incidence cases worldwide, but having decreased in age‐standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2019. Although both are more frequent at younger ages and more prevalent in high‐SDI countries, each condition has distinct temporal and regional characteristics. Understanding the temporospatial trends in the disease burden of asthma and AD could guide future policies and interventions to better manage these diseases worldwide and achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Increased risk for incisional hernia following cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Ben‐Yaacov Almog , Laks Shachar , Zoabi Ghanem , Kirshenboim Zehavit , Goldenshlger Ariela , Hazzan David , Westrich Gal , Owda Yazan , Segev Lior , Nissan Aviram , Goldenshluger Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of incisional hernias (IH) after midline laparotomy varies from 11% to 20%. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS‐HIPEC) is potentially prone to hernias because a Xiphoid to pubis laparotomy incision performed on patients who have undergone previous abdominal surgeries with the addition of chemotherapy and its related adverse effects.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis on a prospectively maintained single institution database from March 2015 to July 2020. The inclusion criteria were patients who underwent CRS‐HIPEC and had at least 6 months postoperative follow‐up with post‐operative cross‐sectional imaging study.ResultsTwo hundred and one patients were included in the study. All patients underwent CRS‐HIPEC with resection of previous scar and umbilectomy. Fifty‐four patients were diagnosed with IH (26.9%). The major risk factors for IH in multivariate analysis were higher American society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) (OR 3.9, P = 0.012), increasing age (OR 1.06, P = 0.004) and increasing BMI (OR 1.1, P = 0.006). Most of the hernia sites were median (n = 43, 79.6%). Eleven (20.4%) patients had lateral hernias due to stoma incisions or drain sites. Most of the median hernias were at the level of the resected umbilicus 58.9% (n = 23). Five (9.3%) of the patients with IH necessitated an urgent surgical repair.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that more than a quarter of the patients after CRS‐HIPEC suffer from IH and up to 10% of them may require surgical intervention. More research is needed to find the appropriate intraoperative interventions to minimize this sequela.
The social support systems of mothers with problematic substance use in their infant's first year
Authors: Tsantefski Menka , Briggs Lynne , Griffiths Jessica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe infants of women with histories of problematic alcohol and other drug use are among the most vulnerable children known to statutory child protection services, which they enter at a younger age, and in which they remain longer. The net results include overwhelmed child protection systems and the birth of subsequent children conceived to ease women's grief at the loss their infants. Without adequate and appropriate support to the mother and her family, the pattern repeats. Obstetric services have an important role to play in the assessment of risk and protective factors in the perinatal period and in determining pathways to service provision. A comprehensive assessment considers the availability and quality of informal support prior to activation of formal systems of support, both statutory, where engagement is mandated, and non‐statutory, where support is offered on a voluntary basis. This paper uses quantitative methods to explore the social networks of women with problematic substance use in the transition to motherhood and the relationship between formal and informal support systems and infant outcomes. Surveys were held with two counsellors from the Women's Alcohol and Drug Service (WADS), a specialist obstetric clinic in Melbourne, Australia, and with 18 child protection workers. In addition, the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (Norbeck, 1984; Norbeck et al., 1983) was administered with 20 participating mothers to measure levels of formal and informal support, as well as the type and quality of support available to mothers over a 12‐month period, and to consider the provision of social support against known outcomes for infants. The findings demonstrate that WADS counsellors made several referrals for most women but that there was little in the way of long‐term follow‐up by non‐statutory service providers, with most women experiencing a dramatic drop in support over the 12‐month period. Women whose main informal support was from a domestically violent partner, and those who had been in out‐of‐home care in their own childhood, were particularly vulnerable to losing the care of their infant. The role of child protection varied markedly across the 12‐month period, particularly in relation to the extent that a relationship between formal and informal systems of support for mothers and their infants could be established. Overall, the study findings demonstrate that mothers experienced diminishing formal and informal support over time and that the quality of social support available to the mother was more important in terms of outcomes for women and their infants than the quantity.
Association between asthma and headache: Findings from the NHANES 2001–2004
Authors: Chin Hok Leong , Cheong Ka Kin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionWith the adjustment of sociodemographic factors, our study aimed to explore the association between asthma control and headache using a representative sample in the United States.MethodsA total of participants aged >20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2001–2004 were included. The presence of asthma and headache was determined by questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.ResultsParticipants with asthma had higher odds of suffering headaches (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–2.02, p < 0.001). Those who had an asthma attack in the past year had higher odds of experiencing headaches than those who did not (odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–3.39, p = 0.022). No statistically significant association was found between participants who had emergency care visit for asthma in the past year and those who had not.ConclusionPatients with asthma attack in the past year were more likely to have a headache than those who without.
Aspiration cytology of liver abscess uncovering metastatic rectal mucosal melanoma—A case report
Authors: Ng Joanna K. M. , Leung Howard H. W. , Li Joshua J. X. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAspirates of liver abscess are frequently encountered in routine practice and are often of a low index of suspicion. However, necrotic liver metastasis clinically and radiologically mimics liver abscesses, and malignant cells can be obscured in an inflammation‐rich background on cytology. It is important to recognise malignant neoplasms in this scenario, in particular uncommon conditions such as metastatic mucosal melanoma.
Incidence, characteristics and cost of head, neck and dental injuries in non‐professional football (soccer) using 3 years of sports injury insurance data
Authors: Hansen Mille Greve , Ross Andrew George , Meyer Tim , Knold Christian , Meyers Ian , Peek Kerry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThis descriptive epidemiological study aimed to quantify the incidence, characteristics and costs of head, neck and dental injuries in non‐professional football players.MethodsInjury data were coded (using Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System) from a de‐identified insurance database containing three seasons (2018–2020) of data. Cost data included direct and indirect costs presented by type of injury, age group and sex using means ± SD, range of costs ($AU) and total costs ± SE. Chi‐squared tests were used to analyse the data (significance level p < .05) with injury incidence rates (IR) calculated per 1000 match hours and per 1000 injury insurance claims.ResultsA total of 388 injuries affecting 240 players were sustained. Of these, 43% (n = 102) of players also sustained one or more secondary injuries, mainly to the head or neck area. Dental injuries (n = 143, 39%, IR = 0.008) accounted for the highest number of primary and secondary injuries and the highest mean direct cost per injury ($AU1152), while head and facial injuries accounted for the highest proportion of total costs ($AU434,101). Players who sustained one or more secondary injuries had the highest direct and indirect mean cost per injury.ConclusionsGiven the frequency and cost of dental injuries in non‐professional football players, injury prevention initiatives warrant further investigation.
Are we ready for personalizedCAR‐Ttherapy?
Authors: Strzelec Anna , Helbig Grzegorz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe future of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) therapy remains unclear. New studies are constantly being published confirming the efficacy and favorable safety profile of its innovative enhancements. Currently approved CAR‐T drugs are manufactured exclusively for a specific patient from the recipient's own cells. This does not close the door to further modifications with subsequent personalization and better adaptation to the individual needs. Bringing such a drug to market would involve raising the already high costs, so it is necessary to lower the existing ones. On the other hand, so‐called universal CAR‐T are also getting closer to the patient's bed, but its implementation may struggle with multiple challenges, including development of graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) and alloimmunity. However, thatoff‐the‐shelftherapy could prove useful as a quick solution for patients in very poor condition or excluded from current therapy due to manufacturing limitations. The introduction of currently tested solutions may undoubtedly change the current paradigm of treatment.
Serum and cerebrospinal fluid brain damage markers neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein correlate with tick‐borne encephalitis disease severity—a multicentre study on Lithuanian and Swedish patients
Authors: Veje Malin , Griška Vytautas , Pakalnienė Jolita , Mickienė Auksė , Bremell Daniel , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Lindquist Lars , Studahl Marie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeOur aim was to examine the correlation between biomarkers of neuronal and glial cell damage and severity of disease in patients with tick‐borne encephalitis.MethodsOne hundred and fifteen patients with tick‐borne encephalitis diagnosed in Lithuania and Sweden were prospectively included, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were obtained shortly after hospitalization. Using pre‐defined criteria, cases were classified as mild, moderate or severe tick‐borne encephalitis. Additionally, the presence of spinal nerve paralysis (myelitis) and/or cranial nerve affection were noted. Concentrations of the brain cell biomarkers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), YKL‐40, S100B, neurogranin, neurofilament light (NfL) and tau were analysed in CSF and, in addition, NfL, GFAP and S100B levels were measured in serum. The Jonckheere‐Terpstra test was used for group comparisons of continuous variables and Spearman's partial correlation test was used to adjust for age.ResultsCerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of GFAP and NfL correlated with disease severity, independent of age, and with the presence of nerve paralysis. The markers neurogranin, YKL‐40, tau and S100B in CSF and S100B in serum were detected, but their concentrations did not correlate with disease severity.ConclusionsNeuronal cell damage and astroglial cell activation with increased NfL and GFAP in CSF and serum were associated with a more severe disease, independent of age. Increased GFAP and NfL concentrations in CSF and NfL in serum were also indicative of spinal and/or cranial nerve damage. NfL and GFAP are promising prognostic biomarkers in tick‐borne encephalitis, and future studies should focus on determining the association between these biomarkers and long‐term sequelae.