bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masterful macrophages: understanding and targeting activation dysfunction in diabetic wounds
Authors: Peng Linian , Luo Gaoxing , He Weifeng , Liang Guangping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic diseases worldwide seriously threatens human health and increases social and economic burden; underlying drivers of impaired healing include uncontrolled inflammation, repeated ischemia–reperfusion injury, and neuropathy alongside infection risks. Macrophages orchestrate standard repair, exhibit sustained classical pro-inflammatory activation in diabetes, disrupting growth factor secretion, angiogenesis, and matrix regulation. Hyperglycemia- mediated advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species heighten pattern recognition receptor stimulation, causing reduced alternative macrophage differentiation. Promising immunomodulation approaches redirecting their phenotypes to resolve inflammation and stimulate regeneration provides optimism. We discuss macrophage origination, polarization dynamics, diabetic wound phenotypic imbalance, and critical microenvironmental disruptions perpetuating pathological function. Elucidating specific regulatory nodes upholding their activation states will inform intelligent targeting opportunities. Overall, infiltrating macrophages constitute indispensable yet amenable diabetic wound healing coordinators.
The PbDELLA-PbMYB56-PbCYP78A6 Module Regulates GA4+7-Induced Pseudo-Embryo Development and Parthenocarpy in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)
Authors: Zhang Haiqi , Cheng Jingjing , Wang Xue , Dai Pingyuan , Zhang Hongjuan , Zhou Fengli , Yang Chengquan , Zhai Rui , Wang Zhigang , Xu Lingfei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parthenocarpy can ensure fruit setting without fertilization and generate seedless fruits. PbCYP78A6 has been shown to play a role in gibberellin (GA)-induced parthenocarpy in pears. However, the transcriptional response mechanism of PbCYP78A6 to GA remains unclear. In this study, using a yeast one-hybrid assay combined with co-expression analysis, PbMYB56 was initially identified as a transcription regulator of PbCYP78A6, which was further confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The biofunction of PbMYB56 was further verified using transient transgene tests, stable transgenic pear callus and tomato. PbMYB56 overexpression resulted in reduced cell death and higher fluorescence intensity after fluoresce diacetate (FDA) staining, as well as delayed fruit-drop by increasing PbCYP78A6 expression in un-pollinated pear fruitlets and callus. In contrast, silencing PbMYB56 caused cell death and early fruit-drop with decreased PbCYP78A6 expression. Moreover, after emasculation, heterologous overexpression of PbMYB56 induced parthenocarpy and enlarged seed size in pollinated tomato fruits. Silencing SlMYB56, a homolog of PbMYB56 in tomatoes, resulted in smaller fruit and seed size, and these traits were restored by co-overexpression with PbCYP78A6. Furthermore, we investigated the protein interaction between PbMYB56 and PbDELLA, which is crucial component of the GA signaling pathway. This interaction inhibited PbMYB56-induced transcriptional activation of PbCYP78A6. Co-overexpression of PbMYB56 and PbDELLA contributed to reduced seed development and loss of parthenocarpy potential in tomatoes. Collectively, our study identifies PbDELLA-PbMYB56-PbCYP78A6 as a regulatory module of GA4+7-induced pseudo-embryo and parthenocarpy development, offering insights into the mechanism underlying parthenocarpy formation in pears.
Effect of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment on the nutritional quality of ground pistachios
Authors: Bi Chengnan , Ma Tingjun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pistachios are easily infected with aflatoxin B1(AFB1), and the AFB1 content in pistachios can be effectively degraded by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma (CP). In this study, the physicochemical indexes, fatty acid composition and the shelf life of the CP-treated pistachios were evaluated. It was aimed to investigate the effect of CP treatment on the nutritional quality of pistachios containing AFB1. The results showed that pistachios treated with the CP, the protein, acid value and peroxide value of pistachios had no significant changes, the GABA content increased, the flavonoid content decreased significantly, and the ratio of ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids was closer to the recommended value of 4:1. It can be predicted that the shelf life of pistachios can be extended to 30 d, 30 d and 21 d by establishing the first order kinetic equation based on the moisture, acid value and peroxide value respectively. It illustrates that pistachios treated with the CP had improved nutritional quality, including internal morphology, active ingredient content and colour, which can not only reduce toxicity but also achieve a better preservation effect.
Collaborative large language models for automated data extraction in living systematic reviews
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ali , Ayub Umair , Naqvi Syed Arsalan Ahmed , Khakwani Kaneez Zahra Rubab , Sipra Zaryab bin Riaz , Raina Ammad , Zhou Sihan , He Huan , Saeidi Amir , Hasan Bashar , Rumble Robert Bryan , Bitterman Danielle S , Warner Jeremy L , Zou Jia , Tevaarwerk Amye J , Leventakos Konstantinos , Kehl Kenneth L , Palmer Jeanne M , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Baral Chitta , Riaz Irbaz bin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Data extraction from the published literature is the most laborious step in conducting living systematic reviews (LSRs). We aim to build a generalizable, automated data extraction workflow leveraging large language models (LLMs) that mimics the real-world 2-reviewer process.

Materials and Methods
A dataset of 10 trials (22 publications) from a published LSR was used, focusing on 23 variables related to trial, population, and outcomes data. The dataset was split into prompt development (n = 5) and held-out test sets (n = 17). GPT-4-turbo and Claude-3-Opus were used for data extraction. Responses from the 2 LLMs were considered concordant if they were the same for a given variable. The discordant responses from each LLM were provided to the other LLM for cross-critique. Accuracy, ie, the total number of correct responses divided by the total number of responses, was computed to assess performance.

Results
In the prompt development set, 110 (96%) responses were concordant, achieving an accuracy of 0.99 against the gold standard. In the test set, 342 (87%) responses were concordant. The accuracy of the concordant responses was 0.94. The accuracy of the discordant responses was 0.41 for GPT-4-turbo and 0.50 for Claude-3-Opus. Of the 49 discordant responses, 25 (51%) became concordant after cross-critique, increasing accuracy to 0.76.

Discussion
Concordant responses by the LLMs are likely to be accurate. In instances of discordant responses, cross-critique can further increase the accuracy.

Conclusion
Large language models, when simulated in a collaborative, 2-reviewer workflow, can extract data with reasonable performance, enabling truly “living” systematic reviews.
Bone turnover markers as predictors of hypocalcemia in patients with bone metastases receiving denosumab
Authors: Tsuchiya Koki , Oshita Yusuke , Emori Haruka , Tani Soji , Nagai Takashi , Ennis Austin , Ishikawa Mahoko , Kudo Yoshifumi , Alman Benjamin , Ishikawa Koji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Denosumab treatment is effective for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases. However, hypocalcemia has been recognized as a serious adverse effect of denosumab. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for hypocalcemia in patients with bone metastases. In this prospective open-label study, 35 patients with bone metastases to be treated with denosumab were recruited. During the 3 months follow-up, nine patients (25.7%) experienced hypocalcemia. Higher bone turnover status at baseline was observed in patients with hypocalcemia than in those without hypocalcemia following denosumab administration (total-P1NP, TRACP-5b, and S-NTX: all P&lt;.05). Negative correlations were observed between the lowest calcium levels and baseline bone turnover markers levels (total-P1NP: r = -0.3987; TRACP-5b: r = -0.3664; S-NTX: r = -0.3672, all P&lt;.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with high bone turnover markers (BAP &gt; 32.1 μg/L, total P1NP &gt; 82.3 μg/L, TRACP-5b &gt; 866 mU/dL, S-NTX &gt; 30.8 nmol BCE/L) had a higher risk of hypocalcemia, even after adjusting for reported risk factors such as age, baseline calcium levels and renal function (BAP &gt; 32.1 μg/L: OR = 10.4; total P1NP &gt; 82.3 μg/L: OR = 22.07; TRACP-5b &gt; 866 mU/dL: OR = 36.5; S-NTX &gt; 30.8 nmol BCE/L: OR = 39.74, All P&lt;0. 05). This study shows that denosumab significantly affects serum calcium levels in patients with bone metastases who have high bone turnover status. Bone turnover markers could serve as surrogate markers to predict hypocalcemia.
Understanding authorship in Artificial Intelligence-assisted works
Authors: Fritz Johannes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The advent of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about a significant shift in the way works are created, with the blurring of boundaries between human and machine-driven creation processes becoming a prominent challenge. This leads to the question of whether authorship in such works exists and, if so, whom it should be attributed to. This article focusses on an analysis of existing case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and selected EU Member State courts, in order to find indications about what to consider when examining the authorship of AI-assisted works in the European copyright system. Ultimately, a four-step test is proposed which aids in assessing whether there is authorship in concrete works and whom it should be attributed to. The first step asks what persons are involved in the creation process before determining—as second step—the kind of AI system used. The third step analyses whether the persons involved exercised a sufficient subjective judgment in the composition of the work; the final step determines whether they had an adequate control over the execution.
Single-cell RNA Sequencing Revealed the Immunophenotypic Features of Macrophages in Cardiac Transplants and Uncovered Lgals9 Promoted Their Polarization towards The M2b Subtype
Authors: Zhu Yuexing , Zheng Xinguo , Chen Chao , Xu Ye , Fan Yuxi , Tang Zhouqi , Zeng Yingqi , Feng Chen , Zhang Hedong , Chen Xiaojun , Qi Zhongquan , Li Tengfang , Peng Longkai , Lin Minjie , Chen Weili , Peng Fenghua , Jiang Xin , Dai Helong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune response during allograft rejection in organ transplantation. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the genomic features of macrophages in mouse heart transplants and use single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate Galectin-9 (Gal-9, Lgals9), a lectin that can mediate the activation and differentiation of immune cells through ligand-receptor interactions, and the effects of its regulation in transplantation. We discovered a new subset of macrophages called "Myoz2+ macrophages", which specifically expressed genes related to myocardial contraction. We identified a distinct differentiation trajectory and process for the Saa3+ macrophage population, representing anti-inflammatory functionality. Also, we observed a significant downregulation of Lgals9 expression in the macrophages after mouse heart transplantation. Then, we validated our findings using RT-qPCR and Western blotting and also investigated the impact of Lgals9 on macrophage function through flow cytometry and ELISA. Furthermore, in vitro, we found that rLgals9 (Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein) treated macrophages polarized towards the M2b phenotype at appropriate concentrations.
Lactose free diet as therapeutic strategy in low anterior resection syndrome: a case series
Authors: Thong Da W , Theophilus Mary 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is a challenging complication following sphincter-preserving rectal surgery, characterized by bowel dysfunctions such as urgency, frequency, and incontinence. This case series investigates the potential role of lactose intolerance in exacerbating LARS symptoms. Three patients who developed LARS after rectal resections showed persistent symptoms despite conventional management with bulking agents, physiotherapy, and loperamide. However, all three experienced significant improvement in symptomatology, reflected by reductions in their LARS scores, after eliminating cow’s milk from their diets. These findings suggest a potential link between lactose intolerance, including possible late-onset forms, and LARS symptoms. This study highlights the effectiveness of dietary modifications, particularly lactose elimination, as a simple and non-invasive strategy for managing LARS. The findings also support the need for dietary screening processes and recommendations for milk substitutes to enhance clinical care. Further research is necessary to validate these observations and refine therapeutic strategies.
Cross-sectional and prospective associations between self-compassion and sexual distress in couples coping with sexual interest/arousal disorder
Authors: Massé-Pfister Maude , Rosen Natalie O , Bigras Noémie , Girouard Alice , Perrier-Léonard Delphine , Bergeron Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
When an individual in a relationship is coping with low desire/arousal, both partners experience difficulties, including higher levels of sexual distress. Effective emotional regulation strategies, such as self-compassion, could have individual and interpersonal benefits for couples with sexual interest/arousal disorder (SIAD).

Aim
Using a dyadic design, we examined the role of self-compassion in the sexual distress of couples coping with SIAD, accounting for overall relationship satisfaction. The associations were analyzed cross-sectionally and prospectively. We also explored the moderating roles of having at least one member identify as sexually or gender diverse within the couple in the potential associations between self-compassion and sexual distress.

Methods
Individuals with SIAD and their partners (N = 263 couples) completed online measures at baseline and 6 months later.

Outcomes
Individuals with SIAD and their partners completed the Sexual Distress Scale-Short Form and the Couples Satisfaction Index.

Results
Controlling for relationship satisfaction, when individuals coping with SIAD and their partners reported greater self-compassion at baseline, they also reported lower sexual distress. For partners only, greater self-compassion was associated with the person with SIAD’s lower levels of sexual distress at baseline. No statistically significant prospective associations were found between levels of self-compassion and sexual distress 6 months later. Belonging to a sexually diverse couple was a significant moderator of the cross-sectional associations between partners’ level of self-compassion and their own level of sexual distress at baseline, such that the link between greater self-compassion and lower sexual distress was observed only in partners belonging to a sexually diverse couple. Belonging to a gender diverse couple did not moderate any of the associations.

Clinical Implications
Findings indicate that self-compassion could be a promising tool to reduce sexual distress in couples coping with SIAD.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths of this study include the large, diverse sample of couples coping with SIAD, the use of a cross-sectional and prospective design, and the examination of the moderating role of belonging to a gender or sexually diverse couple. However, the possible lack of statistical power to measure moderation based on belonging to a gender diverse couple and the recall bias due to the use of self-report questionnaires should be considered when interpreting the results.

Conclusion
Greater self-compassion is associated with lower sexual distress in both partners of couples coping with SIAD. Self-compassion may be particularly beneficial for partners of individuals with SIAD belonging to a sexually diverse couple.
Artificial Intelligence Decision Support Systems in Resource-Limited Environments to Save Lives and Reduce Moral Injury
Authors: Umlauf Lindsey , Remley Michael , Colombo Christopher , Pamplin Jeremy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Future military conflicts are likely to involve peer or near-peer adversaries in large-scale combat operations, leading to casualty rates not seen since World War II. Casualty volume, combined with anticipated disruptions in medical evacuation, will create resource-limited environments that challenge medical responders to make complex, repetitive triage decisions. Similarly, pandemics, mass casualty incidents, and natural disasters strain civilian health care providers, increasing their risk for exhaustion, burnout, and moral injury. As opposed to exhaustion and burnout, which can be mitigated with appropriate rest cycles and changes in workload, moral injury is a long-lasting and impairing condition with cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social, and spiritual repercussions. Exhaustion and burnout experienced by providers during COVID-19 correlated with increased disengagement and the desire to leave the health care field. Telemedicine and telementoring expands access to medical expertise, thereby reducing an inexperienced provider’s stress levels and uncertainty and improving their confidence in care delivery. Artificial Intelligence Decision Support Systems (AIDeSS) may represent the next phase in clinical decision support systems across the continuum of care. These systems may help address both the anticipated scale of casualties in large-scale combat operations and the critical expertise gaps during future pandemics, mass casualty events, and natural disasters. This study advocates for urgent research at the intersection of high-stress, resource-limited care contexts that may cause moral injury in health care providers and the potential for AIDeSS to reduce that risk. Understanding these dynamics may yield strategies to mitigate psychological distress in medical responders, increase patient survival, and improve the health of our medical systems.
Scalable and shapable nacre-like ceramic-metal composites based on deformable microspheres
Authors: Lu Yu-Jie , Meng Xiang-Sen , Sun Qiu-An , Wang Jie , Song Jun-Jie , Wang Peng-Fei , Wang Guo-Rui , Yu Cheng-Xin , Zhang Yong-Sheng , Mao Li-Bo , Yu Shu-Hong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Natural nacre that consists of brittle minerals and weak organics exhibits a high fracture toughness while retaining a high strength. The exceptional mechanical performance of nacre is attributed to its hierarchical structure like a ‘brick-and-mortar’ structure, which has inspired the development of tough ceramic-based composites. However, the practical applications of biomimetic structural ceramics are hindered by limited material size, fabrication efficiency and flexibility of being molded into various shapes. We herein report the fabrication of nacre-like ceramic-metal composites based on deformable alumina microspheres coated with nickel salt. Green bodies are produced by assembling the composite microspheres in molds with different shapes. During the hot-pressing sintering of the green bodies, the microspheres are flattened into platelets under pressure and fill up the entire space without visible voids. The aligned platelets are separated by nickel that is reduced from the nickel salt on their surface, constituting a typical ‘brick-and-mortar’ structure. By tuning the microsphere sizes, the microstructures of the composites can be optimized to obtain a high flexural strength (386 MPa at room temperature and 286.86 MPa at 600°C) and a high fracture toughness (12.76 MPa·m1/2 at room temperature and 12.99 MPa·m1/2 at 600°C) simultaneously. This strategy opens a promising avenue for the feasible mass production and all-in-one molding of nacre-like ceramic-metal composites with various shapes, sizes and raw materials.
Racial/Ethnic Associations with Morbidity and Mortality in Adults with Acute Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Belkasim Selma , Serrato Paul , Sadeghzadeh Sina , Ghanekar Shaila D. , Khalid Syed I. , Lo Sheng-fu Larry , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: January 2025

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study

Objective.
This study aimed to investigate the association of race with morbidity and mortality in acute cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) patients.

Summary of Background Data.
Racial disparities in spine surgery are associated with adverse outcomes, however, the impact of race on cSCI is understudied.

Methods.
We retrospectively reviewed the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Programs database to compare outcomes for acute cSCI patients between racial/ethnic identities: non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic/Latino (HIS), and other (OTH). Demographics, comorbidities, injury type, treatment modality, and adverse events (AEs) were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of AEs, non-routine discharge (NRD), and in-hospital mortality.

Results.
There were 71,048 patients stratified by race/ethnicity: 44,639 (62.8%) NHW, 13,555 (19.1%) NHB, 5,820 (8.2%) HIS, and 7,034 (9.9%) OTH. NHB and HIS-identifying patients had the greatest rates of any AE (NHW: 20.7% vs. NHB: 25.0% vs. HIS: 24.6% vs. OTH: 22.0%, P<0.001) and the longest mean length of stay (NHW: 11.3±13.5 d vs. NHB: 15.5±20.2 d vs. HIS: 15.0±20.5 d vs. OTH: 12.6±17.5 d, P<0.001). NRDs were lowest for HIS-identifying patients (NHW: 74.8% vs. NHB: 75.5% vs. HIS: 69.5% vs. OTH: 75.4%, P<0.001), while in-hospital mortality was lowest for NHB-identifying patients (NHW: 12.8% vs. NHB: 10.1% vs. HIS: 12.4% vs. OTH: 13.4%, P<0.001). On multivariable analyses, NHB (OR: 1.16, P<0.001), HIS (OR: 1.22, P<0.001), and OTH (OR: 1.14, P=0.004) cohorts had significantly increased odds of AEs. The NHB cohort had significantly increased odds (OR: 1.25, P<0.001), while the HIS cohort had significantly decreased odds (OR: 0.78, P=0.001) of NRD. Only the NHB cohort had significantly decreased odds of in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.69, P<0.001).

Conclusion.
Our study suggests racial disparities in outcomes and discharge disposition for acute cSCI patients.
Safety of acrylic intraocular lenses in patients with methyl methacrylate allergy
Authors: Khalil Rana , Lockington David 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Increased rates of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-induced contact dermatitis correspond to widespread usage in biomedical, dental, and beauty industries. There have been no publications of acrylic intraocular lens (IOL)-related hypersensitivities.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
A patient with MMA allergy queried if acrylic IOLs were safe for her cataract surgeries. We performed a literature review to answer this question. Only 1 report described cataract surgery in known MMA allergy through avoidance strategies and silicone IOL use (currently unavailable in the United Kingdom). While acrylic monomers are responsible for MMA allergy, they are nonirritant and nonallergenic once polymerized (as with acrylic IOLs). IOL manufacturers advised extremely low likelihood of reactions, with taping IOLs to skin for reassurance proposed anecdotally.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
After uneventful IOL patch testing and informed consent, our patient underwent sequential cataract surgeries (Rayner RAO800C and RAO200E), without any postoperative issues.

Conclusions:
Acrylic IOLs should not cause any adverse reaction in patients with MMA allergies. This was our clinical experience, which should reassure patients and clinicians.