bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After neonatal care, what next? A qualitative study of mothers’ post-discharge experiences after premature birth in Kenya
Authors: Maluni Justinah , Oluoch Dorothy , Molyneux Sassy , Boga Mwanamvua , Jones Caroline , Murila Florence , English Mike , Ziebland Sue , Hinton Lisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Approximately 15 million babies are born prematurely every year worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Asia account for more than half of the global preterm deliveries. Prominent healthcare structural and socio-economic factors in SSA, for example poverty and weak health systems, amplify vulnerabilities for mothers and premature babies; often leading to poor outcomes. Post-discharge mortality rates are high, and readmission is common. For mothers of premature babies, the transition home from hospital is marked by challenges and uncertainties. This study explored the post-discharge experiences of mothers of premature babies with the aim of identifying their needs and suggests strategies to strengthen and support their discharge preparation to care for their premature baby at home, and to and reduce mortality and readmission rates.

Methods
Narrative interviews were conducted face-to-face in English or Swahili with 34 mothers of premature babies recruited from two public hospitals and a social support group in Nairobi, Kenya between August—November 2021. Interviews were audio and video-recorded and transcribed for analysis. After transcription, the interviews were translated, where applicable, and thematic analysis was undertaken.

Results
For mothers of premature babies, discharge from neonatal care and the transition home is a complex process marked with mixed emotions; many reported feeling unprepared and facing stigma while in hospital and in their communities. Mothers described the emotional challenges of discharge from the neonatal unit and their information and support needs. Minimal involvement in their baby’s care while in the neonatal unit appeared to contribute to the mothers’ lack of confidence in caring for their babies independently post-discharge when they no longer had the support of the clinical and nursing staff. Insufficient information provided on discharge hindered a smooth transition to home, highlighting the need for information to support mothers’ confidence after discharge. Stigma relating to beliefs around preterm births was experienced by some of the mothers in the community and within some health clinics.

Conclusions
To support transitions home, strengthening the timing and adequacy of information provided to mothers at discharge from the neonatal unit in low-income settings in SSA and Asia – such as Kenya—is essential. Introducing strategies to build and assess mothers’ competencies with skills such as breastfeeding and identifying signs of deterioration before discharge could support their smooth transition home. Targeted engagement interventions at the community level could demystify and address stigma and knowledge gaps about premature deliveries at the community and social levels more broadly and within the health system.
“You wished the ground would open and swallow you up”: Expert opinions on shame, the collective, and other cultural considerations for suicide prevention among Asian American and Pacific Islander veterans
Authors: Polzer Evan R. , Rohs Carly M. , Iglesias Christe’An D. , Mignogna Joseph , Krishnamurti Lauren S. , Holliday Ryan , Monteith Lindsey L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Rates of suicide remain elevated among U.S. Veterans and have increased disproportionately among Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) Veterans. Knowledge is limited regarding suicide prevention considerations for clinicians working with AAPI Veterans, yet culturally responsive strategies tend to be most effective. To address this gap, we sought to elucidate subject matter experts’ perspectives regarding suicide prevention considerations for AAPI Veterans.

Methods
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 key informants (e.g., clinicians, researchers) in 2023 to understand their experiences with, and recommendations for, preventing suicide among AAPI Veterans in the Continental U.S. Interview transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis, with an inductive approach.

Results
Key informants discussed the heterogeneity of the AAPI population and emphasized the need to balance cultural sensitivity and cultural humility in suicide prevention with AAPI Veterans. Fear of bringing shame and dishonor upon one’s family was described as a factor which may prevent AAPI Veterans from disclosing mental health concerns and suicide risk and which may prevent them from accessing healthcare services for mental health and suicidality. Suicide risk among AAPI Veterans was viewed as being shaped by shame and the centrality of the family-collective, with family conferring both protection against and risk for suicide. Cultural norms and beliefs regarding suicide were considered pertinent to suicide among AAPI Veterans and included beliefs about perseverance in coping with distress to permittance of suicide in specific circumstances. Somatic idioms were described as a means by which AAPI Veterans may communicate distress and suicidality, with key informants discussing how this may impact treatment and outreach.

Conclusion
Key informant interviews provided crucial insights into cultural factors salient to conceptualizing and addressing AAPI Veterans’ risk for suicide. These findings can be utilized to inform tailored suicide prevention for this population, with emphasis on addressing mental health stigma, considering somatic idioms of distress, and considering the role of family in suicide risk and prevention.
An improved carrier-phase-based method for precise time synchronization using the observations from the China Space Station-ground synchronization system
Authors: Guo Yanming , Pan Zhibing , Gong Xuewen , Gao Shuaihe , Wang Pei , Bai Yan , Song Kun , Zhou Chen , Gao Yuping , Lu Xiaochun , Zhang Shougang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The development of precise time synchronization technology is key to the effective application of time–frequency standards. It will significantly promote the application of precise time–frequency standards in the areas such as Positioning, Navigation, and Timing, lunar navigation, and cutting-edge fundamental physics research. This study presents an improved carrier-phase-based method for time synchronization, which was demonstrated through both laboratory and satellite-ground experiments via the China Space Station (CSS)-ground synchronization system. Initial laboratory experiments confirmed the system’s stability, achieving picosecond-level accuracy, highlighting the robustness of the method in controlled environments. Then, preliminary satellite-to-ground synchronization experiments were conducted using the CSS and ground stations, validating the effectiveness of the carrier-phase-based method. The time synchronization accuracy reached the picosecond-level, significantly surpassing traditional pseudocode techniques, which typically achieve sub-nanosecond level accuracy. Additionally, the Allan Deviation results indicated an improvement in stability by about an order of magnitude compared to traditional pseudocode-based methods. This demonstrates that the carrier-phase-based method can effectively mitigate common sources of system errors and enhance time synchronization capabilities. Therefore, this method can provide an effective technical reference for future applications requiring higher precision in time synchronization.
A meta-analysis of whole blood transcriptome reveals genes associated with increased neutrophil activity and T cell suppression in sepsis
Authors: Shruthi T. N. , Kolandaswamy Anbazhagan , Somanna Prabakara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction due to an uncontrolled host-response to pathogens, a leading cause of mortality in intensive care unit. Understanding the underlying mechanism associated with sepsis is essential for discovering biomarkers for better management and treatment. Though several genes are associated with severity of sepsis, there exists vast heterogeneity among gene expression studies. Hence our study was limited to transcriptome data derived solely from whole blood to understand the pathogenesis and immune regulation in sepsis.

Methods
We considered six publically available whole blood transcriptome gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets and analyzed them using GEO2R. DESeq-R package was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Significant (p-value ≤ 0.05 and log fold change ≤ − 1.5 or ≥  + 1.5) common genes from six studies were subjected to network analysis and functional enrichment analysis to identify enriched Gene ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and hub genes.

Results
Gene expression data resulted in 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 146 genes were up-regulated and 87 genes were down-regulated. Through network and functional enrichment analysis, 20 hub genes were found, 11 genes were up-regulated, and nine genes were down-regulated. The up-regulated genes (CD177, MMP8, ARG1, IL18R1, RETN, LTF, S100A12, S100A8, S1000A9, MMP9, and ELANE) were associated with the innate immune system and regulate neutrophil activity. Down-regulated genes (FCERIA, IL7R, CCR7, CX3CR1, CD3G, CD40LG, CD247, CD3E, and GZMK) were associated with adaptive immune response, T cell function, and antigen processing and presentation.

Conclusion
The GO terms, pathways, and the genes associated with increased neutrophil activity were found to be up-regulated and T cell function were down-regulated. Dysregulation of immune response, imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response, apoptosis, and anti-apoptotic genes were found to be associated with immunosuppression and increased inflammatory reaction during sepsis. The genes identified through functional analysis could be used as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for sepsis conditions.
A comparative study between central quadrantectomy and nipple resection with areola preservation Versus Grisotti flap mammoplasty in central breast lesions extending to nipple: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Awad Philobater Bahgat Adly , Hassan Basma Hussein Abdelaziz , Awad Abanoub Adel Shafek , Attaia Abdelrahman Ahmed Younis Mohamed , Awad Kerolos Bahgat Adly , Hanafy Dina Mohamed , Osman Ahmed Gamal El Din 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate central quadrantectomy and nipple resection with areola preservation (CQ-NR-AP) as a new reconstructive oncoplastic technique Versus Grisotti flap mammoplasty (GFM) in central malignant tumors of the breast extending to the nipple, in terms of time procedures, breast symmetry, patient satisfaction, postoperative complications, and local recurrence.

Patients and methods
The current study is a single-blind, single-center, randomized, controlled trial that was performed between May 2018 and May 2023 in the breast surgery unit of University Hospitals. This trial involved 40 individuals who had central breast lesions that extended to the nipple and were monitored for two years following surgery.

Results
As regards the mean intra-operative time in minutes, in the group (I) was 80.1 with a standard deviation of ± 13.9, and ingroup (II) was 138.9 with a standard deviation of ± 14.02 (p = 0.001). The seroma was detected in zero cases in group (I) and 2(10%) cases in group II (p = 0.487) and those two cases were managed by aspiration only. Regarding, the wound infection was found in one case (5%) in group (I) and 3(15%) cases in group II (p = 0.605). Regarding patient satisfaction and breast, symmetry was much better in the group (I).

Conclusion
The safety and ease of central quadrantectomy and nipple resection with areola preservation were demonstrated in a two-year follow-up, with a lower incidence of complications compared to the Grisotti flap mammoplasty technique. Furthermore, this approach was associated with higher patient satisfaction, which is a significant achievement in the management of centrally located breast tumors.

Trial registration
PACTR202405688323721. 28/05/2024.
Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity
Authors: Morrison Barbara N. , Mittermaier Peter M. , Lester Garth R. , Bodner Michael E. , Cote Anita T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Aerobic capacity measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is related to functional capacity and is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. Sex-specific cardiac and vascular responses to endurance training have been observed, however, their relative contributions to VO2max are less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-specific ventricular-vascular interactions associated with VO2max in healthy males and females.

Methods
Sixty-eight males and females (38% females, 35 ± 10y) characterised as recreational exercisers to highly trained endurance athletes, and free of chronic disease underwent a cycle ergometer to assess VO2max. Resting arterial compliance and echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular (LV) structure and function were measured and indexed to body surface area.

Results
VO2max was similar between groups (54 ± 6 vs. 50 ± 7 ml/kg/min, p = 0.049). Indexed LV mass (LVMi) was higher (96 ± 15 vs. 81 ± 11, p = 0.001) in males versus females, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed two models that were significantly associated with VO2max in males and females. In males, the two models included (1) longitudinal diastolic strain rate and LVMi (r2 = 0.31, p = 0.003) and (2) indexed end-diastolic volume (EDVi) and longitudinal diastolic strain rate (r2 = 0.34, p < 0.001). In females, the linear regression models included (1) LVMi, large arterial compliance, longitudinal systolic strain rate, and age (r2 = 0.69, p < 0.001) and (2) EDVi, large arterial compliance, longitudinal systolic strain rate, and age (r2 = 0.52, p = 0.003).

Conclusion
These findings reveal that while in both sexes, LVMi and LVEDVi are associated with VO2max, arterial compliance was also found to contribute to the variance in VO2 max in females, but not in males. Further, ventricular relaxation was a significant factor in aerobic capacity in males, while in females ventricular contraction was a significant factor.
Semantic search helper: A tool based on the use of embeddings in multi-item questionnaires as a harmonization opportunity for merging large datasets – A feasibility study
Authors: Gottfried Karl , Janson Karina , Holz Nathalie E. , Reis Olaf , Kornhuber Johannes , Eichler Anna , Banaschewski Tobias , Nees Frauke ,   IMAC-Mind Consortium
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP), particularly in language processing methods, have opened new avenues in semantic data analysis. A promising application of NLP is data harmonization in questionnaire-based cohort studies, where it can be used as an additional method, specifically when only different instruments are available for one construct as well as for the evaluation of potentially new construct-constellations. The present article therefore explores embedding models’ potential to detect opportunities for semantic harmonization.

Methods
Using models like SBERT and OpenAI’s ADA, we developed a prototype application (“Semantic Search Helper”) to facilitate the harmonization process of detecting semantically similar items within extensive health-related datasets. The approach’s feasibility and applicability were evaluated through a use case analysis involving data from four large cohort studies with heterogeneous data obtained with a different set of instruments for common constructs.

Results
With the prototype, we effectively identified potential harmonization pairs, which significantly reduced manual evaluation efforts. Expert ratings of semantic similarity candidates showed high agreement with model-generated pairs, confirming the validity of our approach.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the potential of embeddings in matching semantic similarity as a promising add-on tool to assist harmonization processes of multiplex data sets and instruments but with similar content, within and across studies.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Activation Is Associated With Malignant Severity and Poorer Prognosis in Parathyroid Carcinomas
Authors: Song Jia-xi , Dong Yong-qiang , Han Ru-lai , Xie Jing , Zhu An-ying , Chen Xi , Yang Yu-ying , Sheng Chun-xiang , Jiang Tao , Zhao Hong-yan , Tao Bei , Ning Guang , Wang Wei-qing , Sun Li-hao , Ye Lei , Lu Xiu-bo , Liu Jian-min 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context and Objective
Parathyroid carcinoma (PCa) is a rare endocrine neoplasm known for its high recurrence. The specific molecular properties influencing the prognosis of PCa remain largely elusive. The present study was designed to explore the significance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in PCa.

Methods
Over a 10-year period, 64 PCa patients were recruited from dual centers. We analyzed mechanistic target of rapamycin complex I (mTORC1) activity in 64 PCa patients and 29 controls, comprising atypical parathyroid tumor (APT), parathyroid adenoma (PAd), and normal parathyroid tissues. A panel of selected genes targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (PIK3CA, PTEN, MTOR, TSC1, and TSC2) and CDC73 was performed in 66 available tumor tissues from 64 patients with PCa. Follow-up lasted up to 117 months.

Results
There was intertumoral heterogeneity in mTORC1 activity in parathyroid tumors. Notably, we observed significantly elevated mTORC1 activity in PCa patients compared with controls, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. Further analysis showed that 48.5% of PCa tumors were classified as “high mTORC1” (above the predefined threshold), while only 22.7% of tumors in the PAd/APT group met this criterion. Additionally, we detected PI3K/AKT/mTOR variants in 16/66 (24.2%) PCa samples, with the majority lacking CDC73 variants. Higher mTORC1 activity was noted in PCa with PI3K/AKT/mTOR variants than in those without. Compared with those without any targeted variants, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mutated group presented higher levels of serum PTH, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine and was associated with significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (DFS, P &lt; .001; OS, P &lt; .01).

Conclusion
Our findings highlight that the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathyway in PCa patients suggests their degree of malignancy, possibly leading to poor outcomes.
KAJIAN PENERAPAN METODE ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS (AOPS) PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nabila Malia Laila , Yuniarto Adhi 
Published: January 2025

Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan industri di Indonesia berkolerasi positif denganjumlah dan jenis limbah yang dihasilkan sehingga pengolahannua akan semakin menantang. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, Metode Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) mulai banyak dikembangkan karena memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan metode lain. Di Indonesia, literatur yang mengkaji penerapan metode AOPs masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai penerapan metode AOPs di Indonesia sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi keilmuan terkait penerapan metode AOPs. Berdasarkan hasil kajian diketahui bahwa, sistem AOPs yang diterapkan di Indonesia, antara lain sonochemical, fenton, peroxymonosulfate/Katalis, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/TiO2, O3/ H2O2, O3/GAC, UV/Fenton/Katalis, fotofenton dan elektronfenton. Sistem tersebut memiliki prinsip kerja yang serupa yaitu memproduksi radikal bebas untuk mendegradasi kontaminan. Akan tetapi terdapat perbedaan yang jelas diantara nya metode tersebut dalam memproduksi radikal bebas tersebut. Selaian itu, efisiensi penurunan pencemar sistem AOPs juga berbeda-beda tergantung jenis sistem AOPs yang dipakai serta faktor-faktor lain seperti kondisi pH, waktu reaksi, konsentrasi H2O2, konsentrasi reagen Fe, konsentrasi PMS, variasi debit udara, feeding rate ozon, dosis GAC, perbandingan molar H2O2:FeSO4, dosis katalis, tegangan listrik, jarak elektroda, rasio H2O2/COD dan lain-lain. Sistem AOPs yang diterapkan di RSUD Banyumas yaitu sistem O3/UV ditambah media sarang tawon dengan efisiensi penyisihan pencemar BOD 41,67%; COD 33,3%; TSS 26,67%; Minyak dan lemak 37,5% serta Total Coliform 79,17%. Sementara itu, sistem AOPs yang diterapkan di TPA Benowo adalah sistem O3/UV/H2O2 ditambah nanofilter dengan efisiensi penyisihan pencemar BOD 94,63%; COD 94,68%; TSS 95,24%; N-Total 96,71% dan Merkuri 46,15%.
Additive bonding approaches to managing root-filled, cracked or weak teeth
Authors: Kelleher Martin , Donovan Will , Safi Nagina 
Published: January 2025

Root-filled, cracked or very weak back teeth pose perennial problems for patients and dentists alike. A biologically sensible and perhaps unorthodox approach to create occlusal clearance is by adding direct resin composite pragmatically to the biting surfaces of various other much sounder teeth. Doing additive bonding first loads those sounder teeth preferentially, without damaging them, while creating ‘adequate’ clearance space between the occlusal surface of the structurally compromised back tooth and its opponents during all jaw movements. Once the space is gained over the occlusal aspects of that root-filled tooth (or other cracked or weak teeth), it is kept by immediately bonding some strikingly different-coloured restorative material onto the strongest part of its occlusal surface at that same visit. The empirical composite devices that are bonded on to the chosen stronger teeth are maintained in position during the adaptation period by the patient to their pragmatic new occlusion, but they are modifiable, if that is ever required. Their adaptation to this new occlusion can be verified easily with the patient prior to making them a cuspal-coverage protective restoration for their weak tooth. At any mutually convenient time afterwards, simply grinding off the obviously contrasting-coloured composite off the weak tooth provides most of the occlusal space required for that cuspal-coverage restoration, but without having to remove significantly more sound tooth tissue to achieve that outcome. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A pragmatic approach to create occlusal clearance for structurally compromised premolars and molars is described.
General anaesthesia in special care dentistry. Part 2: delivering dental care
Authors: Shehabi Zahra , Doshi Mili , Liu Sophie , Geddis-Regan Andrew 
Published: January 2025

The use of general anaesthesia (GA) in dental care needs to be cautiously justified and considered. Preparation for GA can take a considerable degree of planning, especially as the increased prevalence of coexisting systemic diseases in people with disabilities can increase the risks and challenges of care delivery. When a GA has been deemed appropriate and consent has been gained for relevant treatment, providing treatment this way requires further considerations related to anaesthesia and dental care. There is also a recovery period after GA, and there can be additional post-operative considerations. This paper details the ‘how’ of delivering care under GA, including the dental team's role in supporting an anaesthetic team, the delivery of dental procedures, and the logistics of post-GA care. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The use of general anaesthesia for patients with disabilities and complex needs requires careful consideration and planning.
Music and the Making of Portugal and Spain: Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Iberian Peninsula, Matthew Machin-Autenrieth, Salwa El-Shawan Castelo-Branco and Samuel Llano (eds)
Authors: Miranda Laura 
Published: January 2025

Review of: Music and the Making of Portugal and Spain: Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Iberian Peninsula, Matthew Machin-Autenrieth, Salwa El-Shawan Castelo-Branco and Samuel Llano (eds)
Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield, IL: University of Illinois Press, 304 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-25204-532-5, h/bk, $125
ISBN 978-0-25208-744-8, p/bk, $32
ISBN 978-0-25205-485-3, e-book, $19.95