bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of Ni: Co3O4 thin films and their electrochemical performance
Authors: El-Araby Mahmoud , Mostafa Khalefa Moatasem , Mukherjee Ayan , Mohaseb M A , Aboud Ahmed A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this research work, we have deposited cobalt oxide as pure and Ni-doped thin films using spray pyrolysis. The concentration of Ni has been changed from 0 to 6 wt% in all films while other deposition parameters are fixed. The characterization of deposited films has been c using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray photoelectron microscope (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and optical spectroscopy. The XRD results confirm the formation of Co3O4 as the low-temperature stable phase of cobalt oxide and the successful doping with nickel. The XRD also shows the preferred orientation of growth of film is along the (111) plane and the crystallite size was found to decrease with increasing Ni content. The SEM micrograph of the deposited film surfaces revealed that the samples are porous and in some parts of the sample, the particles are agglomerated due to doping. The Ni doping was confirmed by both EDX and XPS. The Ni concentration was found to increase according to dopant concentration. The XPS data of the 4 wt% film has been recorded which confirms the existence of Ni+2 in the deposited films. Both optical transmission and reflection spectra have been recorded using a spectrophotometer. The band gap values have been found to decrease upon Ni-doping. The electrochemical properties of the pure and nickel-doped cobalt oxide films were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.3 M KOH electrolyte. The specific capacitance of 4 wt% Ni doped Co3o4 was found to be 804 Fg-1 at a 2 mVs−1 scan rate which is 90% higher than pure films. The important property of this material is that it shows excellent retention of 96% and remains almost constant for 10000 cycles. The impedance analysis reveals that 4 wt% Ni doped cobalt oxide film has the lowest RS value of 0.2 Ω cm−2 and lowest RCT value of 0.05 Ω cm−2 in comparison to other films which have excellent super-capacitive nature. These outstanding electrochemical properties of 4 wt % Ni-doped Co3O4 thin film have made it a potential candidate for anode material in supercapacitor devices.
Topological charge measurement in a four-level single layer graphene system
Authors: Saeed Saeed Hassan , Lafta Holya A , Abbass Rathab , Fahim Fatima Safaa , Adhab Ayat Hussein , Shams Marwah A , Kadhim Athmar Ali , Gatea M Abdulfadhil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this letter we have proposed a four-level graphene monolayer system for identifying the topological charge of Laguerre–Gaussian light. Here, we have shown that due to the four-wave mixing mechanism in the monolayer graphene system, a weak signal beam can be generated due to quantum coherence and interference effect. We have discussed the spatially dependent linear absorption spectrums of the weak probe and new generated signal beams via quantum mechanical density matrix formalism. We have found that by numbering the spot areas of the probe and signal beams, one can realize the topological charge of the Laguerre–Gaussian beam interacts by monolayer graphene system. Moreover, we have realized that for some topological charge the new generated signal beam can be amplified in the graphene system.
Variation of Small Scale Magnetic Fields Over a Century using Ca-K Images as Proxy
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Priyal Muthu , Ravindra B. , Bertello Luca , Pevtsov Alexei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A combined uniform and long-time series of Ca-K images from the Kodaikanal Observatory, Mount Wilson Observatory and Mauna Loa Solar Observatory was used to identify and study the Ca-K small-scale features and their solar cycle variations over a century. The small scale features are classified into three distinct categories: enhanced network, active network and quiet network. All these features show that their areas vary according to the 11 yr solar cycle. The relative amplitude of the Ca-K network variations agrees with that of the sunspot cycle. The total area of these small-scale features varies from about 5% during the minimum phase of the solar cycle to about 20% during its maximum phase.
A novel hermetic detection system of KAPAE for measuring multiphoton decays of positronium
Authors: Park H.W. , Jeong D.W. , Jegal J. , Khan A. , Kim H.J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The detection system of the Kyungpook National University Advanced Positronium Annihilation Experiment (KAPAE) has a 4π coverage with fine segmentation for measuring multi- photon decays of positronium to improve the charge (C), charge-parity (CP), and charge-parity-time reversal (CPT) violations in lepton sector as well as for studying rare decays. In addition, various exotic decays of positronium can be studied with the KAPAE detector. In the KAPAE, all aspects of the detector design, fabrication, and data analysis for physics studies related to positronium annihilation are covered. In this paper, we describe the above-mentioned first fully assembled detection system developed for KAPAE, which consists of a trigger and a gamma-ray detector. The newly proposed multi-layered trigger consists of a 22Na positronium source deposited on a plastic scintillator and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), and the gamma-ray detector contains an aerogel at the centre in a nitrogen environment. The gamma-ray detector minimizes pile-up events by fine segmentation of 196 Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal scintillators, whose scintillation lights from both sides are readout by the SiPM. The signals of a 392-channel SiPM are fed to a preamplifier followed by a 65 MHz flash analog-to-digital converter (FADC). In this paper, the KAPAE detector design, fabrication, and performance are presented.
System upgrade for μBq/m3 level 222Rn concentration measurement
Authors: Liu Y. , Zhang Y.P. , Liu J.C. , Guo C. , Yang C.G. , Zhang P. , Tang Q. , Xu Z.F. , Li C. , Guan T.Y. , Wang S.B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a
20 kton multipurpose underground liquid scintillator detector, was
proposed for the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy as
primary physics goal. The central detector will be submerged in a
water Cherenkov detector to lower the background from the
environment and cosmic muons. Radon is one of the primary background
sources. Nitrogen will be used in several sub-systems, and a highly
sensitive radon detector has to be developed to measure its radon
concentration. A system has been developed based on 222Rn
enrichment of activated carbon and 222Rn detection based on the
electrostatic collection. This paper presents the detail of a
μBq/m3 level 222Rn concentration measurement system
and gives detailed information about how the adsorption coefficient
was measured and how the temperature, flow rate, and 222Rn
concentration affect the adsorption coefficient.
Where does the irrigated water in the Tarim Basin go? A hydrological analysis of water budgets and atmospheric transport
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Sun Ting , Ni Guangheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Irrigated agriculture plays a crucial role in the local economic and social development of the Tarim Basin (TB), but its sustainability is threatened by water scarcity due to the arid environment. In this study, we investigate the impact of irrigation on the atmospheric hydrological cycle in the region using the weather research and forecast model. We conduct simulations for a three month period under two scenarios: present-day and future warming. Our results show that, in the present-day scenario, 90.5% of irrigated water is transported via atmospheric hydrological processes, with precipitation and water vapor transport being the dominant components. However, in the future warming scenario, more atmospheric water (45.2%) will leave the area due to weakened wind regimes, resulting in significant water loss. Furthermore, our analysis using the HYbrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model indicates that irrigation contributes to extreme rainfall events, and the southwestern TB is a primary destination for irrigated water. Our findings highlight the urgency of addressing the sustainability of irrigated agriculture and local water resources in the face of impending global warming.
Spectral structure of two-mode Rabi–Stark model
Authors: Liu Yan , Qiu Fangcheng , Liu Ronghai , Ma Jinying , Yan Zhanyuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The analytical solutions of the two-mode Rabi–Stark model (tmRSM) are obtained by using the Bogoliubov operators approach in

s
u
(
1
,
1
)

Lie algebra space, which fit the exact numerical results well. The structure of the energy spectra is related to many fundamental physics characters such as symmetry, quantum phase transition (QPT), spectral collapse etc. In this paper, the spectral structure of tmRSM is discussed analytically. The regular energy spectra are given by the zeros of the G-function, and the poles appearing in the G-function are responsible for the exceptional solutions. The double degenerate exceptional solutions could be predicted by discussing the divergence of the coefficients in the G-function. If the numerator and denominator of

Ω
n

vanish, the lowest double degenerate exceptional solutions for the nth energy levels would be located, including the first-order QPT point, the corresponding energy (

−
Δ

/

U

) is independent of the coupling strength and the energy level, even independent of the Bargmann index q. While, the nondegenerate exceptional solutions can be reproduced by the nondegenerate exceptional G-functions, the results show that more nondegenerate exceptional solutions would be found in the subspace with larger q. Then, the regular solution and two kinds of exceptional Juddian solutions of tmRSM are accurately located. The spectral collapse energy are dependent on the strength of Stark coupling and the frequency of two-level system, and Stark coupling could results in the limit of E
0 pole line is higher than that of E

n
pole lines, which may cause more energy levels separate from the collapse energy.
Quantum resetting in continuous measurement induced dynamics of a qubit
Authors: Dubey Varun , Chetrite Raphael , Dhar Abhishek 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the evolution of a two-state system that is monitored continuously but with interactions with the detector tuned so as to avoid the Zeno affect. The system is allowed to interact with a sequence of prepared probes. The post-interaction probe states are measured and this leads to a stochastic evolution of the system’s state vector, which can be described by a single angle variable. The system’s effective evolution consists of a deterministic drift and a stochastic resetting to a fixed state at a rate that depends on the instantaneous state vector. The detector readout is a counting process. We obtain analytic results for the distribution of number of detector events and the time-evolution of the probability distribution. Earlier work on this model found transitions in the form of the steady state on increasing the measurement rate. Here we study transitions seen in the dynamics. As a spin-off we obtain, for a general stochastic resetting process with diffusion, drift and position dependent jump rates, an exact and general solution for the evolution of the probability distribution.
Entanglement at the interplay between single- and many-bodyness
Authors: Reslen Jose 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The tensor network representation of the ground state of a Bethe chain is analytically obtained and studied in relation to its entanglement distribution. Block entanglement displays a maximum at the interplay between single- and many-bodyness. In systems of two fermions, tensor networks describing states with substantial many-body entropy cannot be written as a sequence of next-neighbor unitaries applied on an uncorrelated state, but need four-next-neighbor unitaries in addition. This differs from the idea that ground states can be obtained as a sequence of next-neighbor operations applied on an initial tensor network lacking many-body correlations. The work uncovers the transcendence of the notion of many-bodyness in the implementation of protocols based on matrix product states.
Revealing atomic structure evolution of an Al-1.5Fe alloy in the liquid state using X-ray total scattering and empirical potential structure refinement
Authors: Huang S , Qin L , Zhao J , Xiang K , Luo S , Michalik S , Mi J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We used in-situ real-time synchrotron X-ray total scattering and empirical potential structure refinement method to study the evolution of atomic structure of an Al-1.5Fe alloy melt from 750°C to 630 °C. Detailed data normalization and analyses for the total scattering data were presented in order to achieve sensible atomic structure simulation using the empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) method with constraints of R-factor is <10-3. Reliable construction of 3D atomic structure of Al-Fe melt in the temperature range reveals that more Al atoms coordinate Fe atoms and the Fe-centered clusters get more compact with the temperature decreases. More systematic work linking the liquid structure to the nucleation structure is under way.
The Effects of Melt Pool Geometry and Scan Strategy on Microstructure Development During Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Chadwick Alexander F , Voorhees Peter W 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring the powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM) process, hundreds of grains may solidify simultaneously within the melt pool, depending upon the processing conditions and the grain size of the base plate and powder. Thus, a small variation in the shape of the melt pool or scan strategy may result in very different as-printed microstructures, since new grains may become more favourably aligned with the overall direction of growth. The microstructure affects the performance of the additively built component, and it is therefore critical to understand the interplay between the initial microstructure, material properties, heat source, and scan strategy on determining the as-printed microstructure. We examine columnar grain growth during AM using a phase-field model to perform simulations with single melt pools predicted by the cylindrically symmetric Rosenthal solution. Quantitative measures of the competitive grain growth are extracted from the simulation data. To aid in their understanding, we map these quantities onto visualizations of the microstructure and compare them to the inverse pole figure map, from which we find that the crystallographic directions of the grains that grow closest to the centre of the laser track may not be preferentially aligned with the scan direction.
Effects of melt pool flow on porosity levels in arc welding
Authors: Wu F. , Falch K. V. , Drakopoulos M. , Mirihanage W. U. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Arc welding is one of the widely used approaches for joining metals. During the arc welding process, an electric arc creates intense heat to fuse metals that forms the melt pool between the parts to be welded together. Intensive flow fields are observable within the fusion weld pools as a result of multiple driving forces. The flow patterns within the melt pool significantly determine the shape of the weld joint and other attributes of the solidified joint, such as microstructure and defects. Porosity is one of the solidification-related defects that can bring a detrimental impact. During the formation and solidification of weld pools, gas bubbles that are formed can be driven in or out from the pool by the flow. In this work, employing in situ synchrotron X-rays, we have observed how different flow conditions and air-liquid interface are contributed to retaining and releasing the gas bubbles that formed during the arc welding. The results suggest that underpinning driving forces, such as electromagnetic forces, act on molten metal to retain the pores inside the weld joints; but, gravity-driven effects can contribute to reduce the porosity, with appropriate process conditions.
Modelling of microstructures development in laser powder bed fusion process – Application to IN718 superalloy
Authors: Camus T , Maisonnette D , Baulin O , Senninger O , Guillemot G , Gandin C A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process, a deposited powder layer is melted by a laser and solidifies when the laser moves away. During solidification, the microstructure of the part is formed due to both epitaxial grain growth and nucleation. This structure has a strong influence on the final mechanical properties of parts and is influenced by the choice of process parameters such as the laser power and velocity or the scanning strategy. As a consequence, the prediction and characterization of this microstructure is of prime interest considering size, crystallographic orientations and shapes of grains. Among the approaches reported in the literature to model microstructure development, the Cellular Automaton (CA) method is a relevant choice to describe grain structure evolution. This model has been adapted to investigate microstructure formation during L-PBF process applied on an IN718 nickel-base superalloy. The steady state thermal behaviour at the scale of the melt pool is analysed and used to compute the development of the structure. This structure is computed at the scale of the part also considering realistic scanning strategies.
Gabriel Faivre: his legacy on eutectic solidification
Authors: Akamatsu S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the honor of Gabriel Faivre (1944-2020), I will present a review of major scientific contributions to the understanding of the dynamics of eutectic growth patterns. From the end of the 1980s, Gabriel Faivre undertook a systematic research in solidification guided by the new concepts of the nonlinear physics of out-of-equilibrium pattern formation. Drawing on his outstanding capabilities as an experimentalist, he refined the method of in situ directional solidification of model alloys. With constant reference to physics and metallurgy, he succeeded in carrying out a high-level research, keen to reach strong qualitative impact and quantitative accuracy. Gabriel Faivre made key discoveries, together with coworkers and young researchers in Paris, and in collaboration with materials scientists and physicists in France and abroad. From symmetry breaking instabilities to eutectic cells and dendrites, over rod-like and labyrinth patterns, full light has been shed onto new phenomena, fascinating to the eye and the mind. During the last decade, Gabriel Faivre mentored an in-depth analysis of interfacial-anisotropy effects on coupled-growth patterns, thus reconciliating the theories of regular eutectics and crystal-orientation dependent eutectic-grain growth. Being both a rigorous scientist and a generous colleague, he left us a vast legacy of prospective research topics in solidification and crystal-growth science. Sharing his knowledge of fine arts and humanities, Gabriel Faivre also instilled the best of intellectual thinking in those who were fortunate enough to work with him.
Formation of locked-lamellar grains in a slightly hypoeutectic Al-Al2Cu alloy during thin-sample directional solidification
Authors: Medjkoune M , Bottin-Rousseau S , Carroz L , Prévot G , Croset B , Micha J S , Akamatsu S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We studied the formation and growth of locked-lamellar microstructures in a thin sample of a slightly hypoeutectic Al-Al2Cu alloy. The coupled-growth dynamics, including early stages and steady-state regimes, was observed optically in real time during directional solidification. The orientation of the α (Al) and θ (Al2Cu) crystals was measured ex situ in a series of eutectic grains by X-ray Laue microdiffraction. A nucleation event of a θ crystal on a pre-existing α crystal, and the subsequent growth of a eutectic grain with a type-C orientation relationship, that is, with a coincidence of {123}-α and {100}-θ planes, were observed in situ. In type-C eutectic grains, lamellar locking occurred parallel to the low-energy coincidence plane. A regular (floating) coupled-growth dynamics was observed in misoriented eutectic grains.
A sharp-interface mesoscopic model for dendritic growth
Authors: Jančič Mitja , Založnik Miha , Kosec Gregor 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The grain envelope model (GEM) describes the growth of envelopes of dendritic crystal grains during solidification. Numerically the growing envelopes are usually tracked using an interface capturing method employing a phase field equation on a fixed grid. Such an approach describes the envelope as a diffuse interface, which can lead to numerical artefacts that are possibly detrimental. In this work, we present a sharp-interface formulation of the GEM that eliminates such artefacts and can thus track the envelope with high accuracy. The new formulation uses an adaptive meshless discretization method to solve the diffusion in the liquid around the grains. We use the ability of the meshless method to operate on scattered nodes to accurately describe the interface, i.e., the envelope. The proposed algorithm combines parametric surface reconstruction, meshless discretization of parametric surfaces, global solution construction procedure and partial differential operator approximation using monomials as basis functions. The approach is demonstrated on a two-dimensional h-adaptive solution of diffusive growth of dendrites and assessed by comparison to a conventional diffuse-interface fixed-grid GEM.
The macrosegregation behaviour of Fe-C-Cr-Mo type steel in laboratory scale model ingot.
Authors: Sumi Y , Narita S , Yamashita M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In ingot casting, it is important to predict and control segregation and casting defects that occur during the solidification process, because they have a significant effect on the quality of the steel ingot. In some special steels, in typical Fe-C-Cr-Mo type high carbon tool steels, macro-segregation tends to be more pronounced due to their wide solid-liquid coexistence temperature range and molten steel properties such as relatively higher liquid viscosity than basic carbon steels. In order to investigate segregation and defect formation phenomena during solidification, many experiments have been conducted using specially designed laboratory scale model ingots that can induce partial difference of solidification to cause macrosegregation phenomena. However, these kind of experimental approaches for special steels are less conducted and influence of alloy types on the macrosegregation behaviour is still not well understood. In this study, a model ingot which have a steel chill ring in the middle region of a mullite mold was prepared, then Fe-0.45C(mass%) carbon steel, Fe-1C-1.8Cr(mass%) bearing steel and Fe-1C-8Cr-2Mo(mass%) high carbon tool steel were cast into 30kg ingots and the macrosegregation behaviour was investigated.