bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Were the Newdigate Earthquakes, Southern England, of 2018–2019 triggered by oil extraction?
Authors: Fox Matthew , Meredith Philip G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ability to attribute earthquakes to specific causes is challenging. The 2018–2019 earthquake swarm in Newdigate, Surrey, Southern England, generally coincides with local oil extraction at Horse Hill, located just 5–10 km away. Nevertheless, it remains debated whether these earthquakes were triggered by oil extraction or whether they were coincidental. Due to the onset of seismic activity before major oil extraction and the lack of a clear correlation between seismic activity and extraction volume, it has been suggested that the earthquakes may be coincidental. However, we show that time delays between fluid pressure changes and concomitant seismic activity are common in nature. Further, we develop a simple Bayesian Machine Learning time series model to test whether different units respond differently to oil extraction. We find that extraction from the Portland units at Horse Hill may produce earthquakes with a delay of a few days. In contrast, extraction from the Kimmeridge units may produce fewer earthquakes, but with a delay of tens of days. We also show that the occurrence of earthquakes before extraction might be related to surface works. This simple model reproduces the overall trend in seismicity. We are unable to rule out coincidental seismic activity, but our analysis suggests that these earthquakes maybe triggered by Horse Hill activity.
Ramsey numbers of hypergraphs with a given size
Authors: BRADAČ DOMAGOJ , FOX JACOB , SUDAKOV BENNY 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The q-colour Ramsey number of a k-uniform hypergraph H is the minimum integer N such that any q-colouring of the complete k-uniform hypergraph on N vertices contains a monochromatic copy of H. The study of these numbers is one of the central topics in Combinatorics. In 1973, Erdős and Graham asked to maximise the Ramsey number of a graph as a function of the number of its edges. Motivated by this problem, we study the analogous question for hypergaphs. For fixed

$k \ge 3$

and

$q \ge 2$

we prove that the largest possible q-colour Ramsey number of a k-uniform hypergraph with m edges is at most

$\mathrm{tw}_k(O(\sqrt{m})),$

where tw denotes the tower function. We also present a construction showing that this bound is tight for

$q \ge 4$

. This resolves a problem by Conlon, Fox and Sudakov. They previously proved the upper bound for

$k \geq 4$

and the lower bound for

$k=3$

. Although in the graph case the tightness follows simply by considering a clique of appropriate size, for higher uniformities the construction is rather involved and is obtained by using paths in expander graphs.
Dyadic resilience after postpartum depression: The protective role of mother-infant respiratory sinus arrhythmia synchrony during play for maternal and child mental health across early childhood
Authors: Somers Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Coordination in mothers’ and their infants’ parasympathetic nervous system functioning (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] synchrony) specifically during playful interactions may promote resilience against exposure to postpartum depressive symptoms (PPD), for both members of the dyad. To test biobehavioral synchrony theory-derived hypotheses, we evaluated whether positive mother-infant RSA synchrony during play attenuated associations between maternal PPD symptoms and future child behavior problems and maternal depressive symptoms. 322 low-income, Mexican-origin mothers and their children participated in 5-min resting baseline and free play interaction tasks when children were 24 weeks of age; mothers reported on their PPD symptoms and on child behavior problems and maternal depressive symptoms at 12- and 36-months child age. Results of multilevel structural equation models demonstrated that, though the associations between maternal PPD symptoms and future child behavior problems and maternal depressive symptoms differed depending on levels of RSA synchrony during play and non-interactive tasks, the protective benefits of positive RSA synchrony on 12-month maternal depressive symptoms and 36-month child internalizing problems were specific to its assessment during a playful interaction. Results suggest that the dyadic coordination of physiological capacities during playful interactions is an active mechanism that promotes resilience to emotional distress for mothers and their children.
Periaortic fat thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Akyürek Nesibe , Eklioğlu Beray Selver , Atabek Mehmet Emre , Alp Hayrullah , Gün Halil Ibrahim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjective:Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia are considered to be at an elevated risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between periaortic fat thickness and the cardiometabolic profile in children diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.Method:A total of 20 children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. We investigated metabolic and anthropometric parameters, comparing these values to those of the control group. Periaortic fat thickness was assessed using an echocardiographic method that has not previously been applied to paediatric patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.Results:The subjects in the congenital adrenal hyperplasia group were significantly shorter than the control subjects (p = 0.021) and exhibited a higher body mass index (p = 0.044) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.046). No significant differences were observed between the congenital adrenal hyperplasia group and control subjects concerning age, weight, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Additionally, dyslipidemia was identified in 5% (N = 1) of the congenital adrenal hyperplasia group. The mean fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and fasting glucose-to-fasting insulin ratio were similar between the congenital adrenal hyperplasia group and the control subjects. However, 15% (n = 3) of the congenital adrenal hyperplasia group had insulin resistance. Two children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (10%) were diagnosed with hypertension.Periaortic fat thickness was significantly greater in the congenital adrenal hyperplasia group compared to the control group (p = 0.000), with measurements of 0.2039 ± 0.045 mm in the congenital adrenal hyperplasia group and 0.1304 ± 0.022 mm in the control group. In children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, periaortic fat thickness exhibited a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.549, p = 0.034) and a positive correlation with the dose of hydrocortisone (r = 0.688, p = 0.001).Conclusion:Our results provide further evidence of subclinical cardiovascular disease in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It is crucial to regularly assess cardiometabolic risk in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The measurement of periaortic fat thickness in this population may serve as a valuable tool for identifying individuals at high risk for developing early atherosclerosis.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Viloxazine ER in Children and Adolescents with ADHD Inattentive and Combined Presentations
Authors: Findling Robert L , Newcorn Jeffrey H. , Cutler Andrew J , Childress Ann , Qin Peibing , Koch Jennifer , Teter Christian , Earnest Jami , Rubin Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionStudies show stimulant medications are effective for different ADHD presentations (predominantly inattentive [IA], predominantly hyperactive-impulsive [HI] or combined [C]); however, few studies have evaluated nonstimulant efficacy in different ADHD presentations. Viloxazine ER [VLX ER] is a nonstimulant, FDA-approved medication for pediatric (≥6 yrs) and adult ADHD. This post-hoc analysis of 4 double-blind (DB), Phase 3, clinical trials (2 in adolescents [NCT03247517 and NCT03247556], 2 in children [NCT03247530 and NCT03247543]), evaluates VLX ER efficacy by ADHD presentation as derived from ADHD Rating Scale, 5th Edition (ADHD-RS-5) assessments at Baseline.MethodsChildren and adolescents with ADHD and an ADHD-RS-5 Total score ≥ 28 were eligible for enrollment. ADHD presentation was defined as a rating of ≥2 on at least 6 of 9 ADHD-RS-5 inattention items, or hyperactive-impulsive items or both. For each ADHD presentation, the change from Baseline (CFB) in ADHD-RS-5 Total score (primary outcome in each study) was assessed using mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM). Responder rate (secondary outcome), ≥50% reduction from baseline in ADHD-RS-5 Total score, was analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE).ResultsOf 1354 subjects [placebo N = 452, VLX ER N = 902], ADHD presentation was assigned as 288 (21.3%) [IA], 1010 (74.5%) [C], 40 (3.0%) [HI], 16 (1.2%) [none of these]. Due to the small sample size of [HI], only the [IA] and [C] results are presented. At Week 6 (pooled data endpoint), ADHD-RS-5 Total scores were significantly improved for VLX ER relative to placebo for both the [IA] and [C] ADHD presentations. LS mean (SE) treatment differences, p-values were: [IA] -3.1 (1.35), p = 0.0219, and [C] 5.8 (0.97), p < 0.0001. Responder rates were also significantly higher for VLX ER: 43.0% [IA] and 42.7% [C] relative to placebo 29.5% [IA] and 25.5 % [C] (p=.0311 and p<.0001).ConclusionsViloxazine ER significantly reduced ADHD symptoms in individuals meeting criteria for ADHD [IA] or [C] presentations at Baseline. Limitations include post-hoc methodology, smaller sample sizes of [IA] and [HI] groups, and the ADHD-RS-5 ≥ 28 eligibility requirement, that may favor enrollment of individuals with ADHD [C] over ADHD [IA] or [HI] presentations. Consistency of response during long-term use should be evaluated.FundingSupernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Aripiprazole Once-Monthly for the Treatment of Adult Patients in the Earlier Stages of Bipolar I Disorder: A Post Hoc Analysis of Clinical Trial Data
Authors: Bell Lynum Karimah S. , Zhang Zhen , Castro Christine F. , Patel Mehul , Tohen Mauricio 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe efficacy and safety of aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400) as maintenance monotherapy treatment for bipolar I disorder (BP-I) were demonstrated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 52-week randomized withdrawal trial (NCT01567527). This post hoc analysis of data from NCT01567527 evaluated the efficacy of AOM 400 in the earlier BP-I population.MethodsPatients within the first quartile of the dataset according to age (18–32 years: AOM 400, n=36; placebo, n=34) or disease duration (≤4.6 years: AOM 400, n=33; placebo, n=34) were considered to be in the earlier stages of BP-I, and were included. The primary outcome was time from randomization to recurrence of any mood episode, defined as meeting any one of several predetermined criteria, including Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score ≥15 or clinical worsening.ResultsTime to recurrence of any mood episode was significantly delayed with AOM 400 versus placebo in patients aged 18–32 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.462 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.092, 5.547]; p<0.05) and in patients with a disease duration ≤4.6 years (HR: 3.207 [95% CI: 1.346, 7.645]; p<0.01). Further analysis suggested that the benefit of AOM 400 versus placebo was driven by a significantly lower proportion of patients experiencing a YMRS total score ≥15 (18–32 years: 5.60% versus 44.10%, p<0.001; disease duration ≤4.6 years: 6.10% versus 41.20%, p<0.01) or clinical worsening (18–32 years: 8.30% versus 38.20%, p<0.01; disease duration ≤4.6 years: 6.10% versus 38.20%, p<0.01).ConclusionThe efficacy of AOM 400 was demonstrated in the earlier BP-I population.Study registration number: NCT01567527 (ClinicalTrials.gov)The data in this poster were originally presented at Psych Congress, held on 6–10th September 2023 in Nashville, TN, USA.FundingOtsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc. (Princeton, NJ, USA) and Lundbeck LLC (Deerfield, IL, USA).
Solriamfetol for Excessive Sleepiness in Narcolepsy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Effect Sizes and Numbers Needed to Treat or Harm
Authors: Chepke Craig , Cutler Andrew J. , Floam Samantha , Parks Gregory , Rosenberg Russell 
Published: January 2025

Craig Chepke, MD: Excel Psychiatric Associates, Huntersville, NC, and Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Andrew J. Cutler, MD: SUNY Upstate Medical University, and Neuroscience Education Institute, Syracuse, NY; Samantha Floam, DMD: Axsome Therapeutics, New York, NY; Gregory, Parks, PhD: Axsome Therapeutics, New York, NY; Russell Rosenberg, PhD: Neurotrials Research, Atlanta, GAIntroductionSolriamfetol (Sunosi®), a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that has been shown to activate TAAR1, is approved (US and EU) to treat excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in adults with narcolepsy (75-150 mg/day) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (37.5-150 mg/day).Effect size, number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) are statistical representations of efficacy and tolerability that clinicians may find helpful in guiding treatment decisions. This analysis characterized these statistical parameters from two registrational studies.MethodsPost-hoc analysis of data from two phase 3 studies in adults with excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy (TONES 2) or obstructive sleep apnea (TONES 3). Effect size compared to placebo, NNT, and NNH were calculated based on previously published endpoints, post-hoc analyses, and adverse events.ResultsOn the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), effect size compared to placebo (Cohen’s d) was 0.29, 0.82, and 1.13 for 75mg, 150mg, and 300mg doses of solriamfetol in TONES 2 and 0.46, 0.89,1.08, and 1.28 for 37.5mg, 75mg, 150mg, and 300mg, respectively. On the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), d was 0.47, 0.80, and 1.02 for 75mg, 150mg, and 300mg doses in TONES 2, and 0.42, 0.37, 0.99, and 1.04 for 37.5mg, 75mg, 150mg, and 300mg doses in TONES 3. NNT for patients achieving an ESS ≤10 was 7, 5, and 3 for 75mg, 150mg, and 300mg doses in TONES 2 and 8, 6, 4, and 3 for 37.5mg, 75mg, 150mg, and 300mg doses in TONES 3. On the patient global impression of change (PGIc), NNT was 4, 3, and 3 for 75mg,150mg, and 300mg doses in TONES 2 and 16, 5, 3, and 3 for 37.5, 75mg, 150mg, and 300mg in TONES 3. Similar NNT were found for the clinician global impression of change (CGIc) as for the PGIc. In both TONES 2 and TONES 3, NNH pooled across doses for adverse events occurring in at least 5% of patients and greater than placebo were all >10, with the exception for headache in TONES 2 (NNH=6).ConclusionThis post-hoc analysis demonstrates favorable effect size, NNT and NNH values for solriamfetol in the treatment of EDS associated with narcolepsy and OSA.FundingAxsome Therapeutics
Real-World Antipsychotic and Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 Inhibitor Treatment Patterns in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Mychaskiw Marko , Casciano Julian , Dotiwala Zenobia , Chaijale Nayla , Finkbeiner Stacy 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionTardive dyskinesia (TD) is associated with antipsychotic (AP) use and management includes antipsychotic (AP) dose modification/discontinuation, often leaving underlying psychiatric conditions undertreated. Deutetrabenazine (DTBZ) is a vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 inhibitor (VMAT2i) approved to treat TD and Huntington disease– associated chorea. AP and VMAT2i treatment patterns post-TD diagnosis are unclear.MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years, newly diagnosed with TD (July 2019– June 2022), with ≥1 AP and no VMAT2i claims pre-index were identified from the Symphony Health Solutions Integrated Dataverse (medical, hospital, and prescription claims across all US payer types). Patients were grouped into DTBZ (≥1 DTBZ claim within ≤6 months post-diagnosis) and non-VMAT2i groups, and further by stable DTBZ dose (for ≥60 days). The index date was the first DTBZ claim (DTBZ group) or the difference between TD diagnosis and first DTBZ claim (of the matched patient) added to TD diagnosis (non-VMAT2i group).ResultsAmong 18,375 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 587 (3%) received DTBZ (292 stable-dose DTBZ), 676 (4%) received a different VMAT2i, and 17,112 (93%) had no VMAT2i claims. Among propensity score-matched patients with ≥1 AP claim pre- and post-index (326 DTBZ, 627 non-VMAT2i), pre-index mean AP proportions of days covered (PDCs) were similar between DTBZ (86%), stable-dose DTBZ (86%), and non-VMAT2i (83%) groups. Mean PDCs decreased post-index for DTBZ (86% to 85%) and non-VMAT2i (83% to 81%) groups, but increased for the stable-dose DTBZ group (86% to 88%). While these changes were small, post-index mean PDCs were significantly greater (versus non-VMAT2i) in the DTBZ (5% difference; P=.030) and stable-dose DTBZ (9%; P=.001) groups. Similar proportions of patients in the DTBZ (20%) and non-VMAT2i (20%) groups discontinued APs (ie, no AP claims within ≤6 months post-index). Proportions of patients with AP restarts (7%– 8%) and dose decreases (13%– 17%) were also similar between DTBZ, stable-dose DTBZ, and non-VMAT2i groups. Proportions of patients (16%– 18%) with AP dose increases were similar between DTBZ and non-VMAT2i groups, but significantly greater in the stable-dose DTBZ group (21%) vs non-VAMT2i (P=.02).ConclusionsAP adherence was significantly, though not substantially, greater for DTBZ versus non-VMAT2i groups. These results suggest that DTBZ, when titrated to a stable/optimal dose, allows flexibility in treating underlying psychiatric conditions.FundingTeva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.
Prevalence of Concomitant Medications Among Patients with Schizophrenia Prescribed Atypical Antipsychotics
Authors: Wang Yifei , Semwal Monika , Zeni Courtney , Dembek Carole 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionTypical and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are the main treatment options among patients with schizophrenia. However, AAPs have been associated with several side effects and comorbid conditions. To manage side effects, often patients are prescribed concomitant medications to manage their condition, increasing polypharmacy. Though common in practice, the prevalence of concomitant medication use in patients with schizophrenia is not well established. This study evaluated the annual prevalence of concomitant medications among patients with schizophrenia who were prescribed AAPs.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted using the PharMetrics database (01/2019 – 12/2021). Patients were included in the analyses if they had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, were continuously enrolled in pharmacy and medical claims for the full year and were prescribed AAPs. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted among patients who demonstrated ≥50% adherence to their prescribed AAPs (with a grace period of 30 days). For both the main and sensitivity analyses patient populations, the concomitant drugs prescribed were labeled at the drug class (GPI2) and generic drug level. Prevalence for drug class and each drug was calculated as a percentage of patients who were prescribed ≥1 of the agent among those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria within the given year.ResultsFor the year 2019, 2020 and 2021, 12,360; 13,242 and 14,780 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, respectively. The mean age of the cohort ranged from 43.5 - 45.4 years. Patients were predominantly male and commercially insured. Antidepressants were the most prevalent concomitant medication prescribed (2019: 61.2%, 2020: 61.2%, 2021: 62.0%). Other highly prevalent drug classes identified were - anticonvulsants (2019: 44.2%, 2020: 44.5%, 2021: 45.0%), antianxiety agents (2019: 36.3%, 2020: 37.6%, 2021: 38.9%), antihyperlipidemics (2019: 26.3%, 2020: 28.1%, 2021: 30.7%), antihypertensives (2019: 25.7%, 2020: 27.2%, 2021: 28.1%), antiparkinson agents (2019: 61.2%, 2020: 61.2%, 2021: 62.0%), anticholinergics (2019: 61.2%, 2020: 61.2%, 2021: 62.0%) and analgesics (2019: 61.2%, 2020: 61.2%, 2021: 62.0%). At the individual drug level, benzotropine mesylate (2019: 19.5%, 2020: 18.7%, 2021: 18.8%), atorvastatin (2019: 14.5%, 2020: 16.7%, 2021: 18.4%), lorazepam (2019: 14.1%, 2020: 14.7%, 2021: 14.3%), gabapentin (2019: 13.7%, 2020: 13.9%, 2021: 14.8%), and metformin (2019: 13.2%, 2020: 13.7%, 2021: 15.4%) were the most prevalent prescribed concomitant medications. There was no difference when similar analyses were conducted in the adherent patient population.ConclusionsThese results indicate a high prevalence of concomitant antidepressants, antihyperlipidemics, antihypertensives and anticholinergics among patients with schizophrenia who are prescribed AAPs.FundingSumitomo Pharma America Inc.
Clinical Characteristics of a Commercial Pharmacogenetic Testing Population
Authors: Dowd Daniel , Amato Russell , Williams Gabriela , Krause David S 
Published: January 2025

Pharmacogenetic testing is becoming more common, especially to provide guidance for psychiatric medications. Over 17 psychotropic medications currently have a Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline. Several clinical trials have described PGx testing in specific patient populations, but various exclusion criteria create cohorts that may not represent real-world populations. Given the overall undefined characteristics of a real-world population utilizing commercial PGx testing, the clinical presentation of 15,198 patients that used a commercial PGx laboratory (Genomind) from October 15, 2018 through April 11, 2023 was assessed. These 15,198 patients include those whose provider conducted a clinical consultation with a Genomind psychopharmacologist, regardless of ICD diagnosis on the requisition form. Data were extracted from de-identified consult notes entered by the psychopharmacologist. Consultants made a total symptom severity assessment based on CGI-S (Clinician Global Impression Severity) criteria. Most patients were described as mildly (15%), moderately (59%), or markedly ill (21%). The most common presenting symptoms identified in the cohort were “Anxious” (61.6%), “Depressed” (61.1%), “Inattentive” (37.8%) and “Hyperactive” (11.4%). The most common co-occurring symptoms in patients with a depressive presentation were “Anxious” (68.1%), “Inattentive” (16.0%), “Manic/Hypomanic” (11.1%), “Insomnia” (9.8%) and “Irritable/Angry” (7.4%). The most common co-occurring symptoms in patients presenting with anxiety were “Depressed” (67.6%), “Inattentive” (20.9%), “Panic” (11.5%), “Worry/Rumination” (11.2%) and “Hyperactive” (11.1%). This analysis suggests that PGx testing is commonly being utilized in patients with symptoms of anxiety, mood lability and inattentiveness. Future PGx research should prioritize the selection of patients with these symptoms to generate evidence that matches the real-world users of commercial PGx services.FundingGenomind, Inc.