bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAF5 regulates intestinal mucosal Th1/Th17 cell immune responses via Runx1 in colitis mice
Authors: Li Mengting , Gan Caiqin , Zhang Runan , Wang Jiahui , Wang Youwei , Zhu Weining , Liu Lan , Shang Jian , Zhao Qiu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease associated with CD4+ Th1 and Th17 cell immune responses. Tumour necrosis factor‐associated factor 5 (TRAF5) deficiency has been shown to aggravate DSS‐induced colitis. However, the potential role of TRAF5 in regulating CD4+ T cell immune responses in the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear. TRAF5−/− CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells and WT CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells were transferred to Rag2−/− mice via intravenous (i.v.) tail injection, respectively, to establish a chronic colitis model. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated gene knockout technique was used to knock out runt‐associated transcription factor 1 (Runx1) expression in vivo. Specific cytokines of Th1 and Th17 cells were detected by quantitative RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and flow cytometry. In T‐cell transfer colitis mice, the Rag2−/− mice reconstituted with TRAF5−/− CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells showed more severe intestinal inflammation than the WT control group, which was characterised by increased expression of INF‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐17a. Furthermore, we found that the INF‐γ+CD4+, IL17a+CD4+, and INF‐γ+ IL17a+CD4+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa of Rag2−/− mice reconstituted with TRAF5−/− CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells were significantly higher than those of the WT control group by flow cytometry. Mechanistically, knockout Runx1 inhibited the differentiation of TRAF5−/− CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells in the intestinal mucosa of T‐cell transfer colitis mice. TRAF5 regulates Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and immune response through Runx1 to participate in the pathogenesis of colitis. Thus targeting TRAF5 in CD4+ T cells may be a novel treatment for IBD.
Effects of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) and their treatment on antitumor immune responses
Authors: Blum Steven M. , Rouhani Sherin J. , Sullivan Ryan J. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are potentially life‐saving cancer therapies that can trigger immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). irAEs can impact any organ and range in their presentation from mild side effects to life‐threatening complications. The relationship between irAEs and antitumor immune responses is nuanced and may depend on the irAE organ, the tumor histology, and the patient. While some irAEs likely represent an immune response against antigens shared between tumor cells and healthy tissues, other irAEs may be entirely unrelated to antitumor immune responses. Clinical observations suggest that low‐grade irAEs have a positive association with responses to ICIs, but the correlation between severe irAEs and clinical benefit is less clear. Currently, severe irAEs are typically treated by interrupting or permanently discontinuing ICI treatment and administering empirically selected systemic immunosuppressive agents. However, these interventions could potentially diminish the antitumor effects of ICIs. Efforts to understand the mechanistic relationship between irAEs and the tumor microenvironment have yielded meaningful insights and nominated therapeutic targets for irAE management that may preserve or even boost ICI efficacy. We explore the clinical and molecular relationship between irAEs and antitumor immunity as well as the role that irAE treatments may play in shaping antitumor immune responses.
Effect of local oxygen therapy combined with vacuum sealing drainage on the healing of stage IV sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhang Mi , Zhang Chuanlin , Yan Hongwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of local oxygen therapy combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) on the healing of stage IV pressure ulcers sacrococcygeal. In this prospective study, we included a total of 98 patients with stage IV sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers in our hospital between February 2021 and June 2022. The patients enrolled were randomly and equally divided into two groups: the study group (undergoing local oxygen therapy combined with VSD treatment) and the control group (receiving conventional treatment). The wound healing time and hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the wound area, tissue type, wound exudation and pain intensity were assessed before treatment, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after treatment. The incidence of complications was also calculated. The study group demonstrated significantly shorter wound healing time and hospital stays compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in terms of wound area, tissue type and wound exudation between the two groups (p > 0.05); after 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of treatment, however, evidently smaller wound areas, improved tissue types and reduced wound exudation were observed in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the study group exhibited increased microvascular count compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in pain intensity between the two groups (p > 0.05), whereas markedly lower pain intensity was seen in the study group than in the control group after 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of treatment (p < 0.05). The incidence of complications did not significantly differ between the two groups after 40 days of treatment (p > 0.05). Local oxygen therapy combined with VSD was found to effectively accelerate the healing process of stage IV sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers, leading to shorter hospital stays and improved patient prognosis. This combined therapy shows promise for widespread application in clinical practice.
Nurses' professional discretion in the purchaser‐provider split in home care in Norway
Authors: Brenne Bodil Aarmo , Hedlund Marianne , Ingstad Kari 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo explore how nurses' professional discretion is operationalized in home care services that follow a purchaser–provider organization in Norway.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with open‐ended questions were used, and data were collected from in‐depth interviews with 15 registered nurses working in home care in four Norwegian local authority areas between April and November 2020. Braun and Clark's six‐step analysis was used to analyse the empirical data.ResultsThe analysis yielded two main themes, namely ‘The purchaser's instructions: facilitating and constraining care’ and ‘Professional discretion meets the purchaser–provider organisation of healthcare,’ with five associated codes.ConclusionNurses are dependent on an organizational framework due to the complexity of health care services and the number of tasks involved. At the same time, they perform considerable compensatory work and need the ability to be flexible to enable this work and to perform actions related to the unforeseen needs of individual patients or those involving professional discretion.ImpactThe purchaser–provider model both facilitates and constrains nursing practice and professional responsibility in home nursing. Home nursing services need to be well organized because of their complexity and the wide variety of tasks they involve. In this context, the element of constraint is associated with the need for flexibility and professional discretion. Despite a strict framework, the nurses perform additional and compensatory tasks. Reforms inspired by ‘New Public Management,’ such as the purchaser–provider split, limit the workload for nurses; however, there is still a need to exercise discretion. The findings of this study may help home care managers and health policy‐makers understand the interaction between management logic and health care logic, leading to a more appropriate organization of health care services where the nurses, as actors, gain more trust.ImplicationsThis study highlights home care nurses' opportunities to exercise discretion in an organizational framework that strives towards standardization. The nurses' ability to exercise discretion is important for individual and holistic patient care. At the same time, an organizational framework is needed because nurses cannot attend to all the needs the patients may have, as this will overload both home health services and the nurses.
Pay inequality in organizations shapes pay‐based stereotypes
Authors: Tanjitpiyanond Porntida , Peters Kim , Jetten Jolanda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is some evidence that organizations with higher pay inequality have more problematic social dynamics. The present research examines whether pay inequality introduces pay‐based intergroup dynamics and shapes the stereotypes of the highest‐ and lowest‐paid employees in the workplace. In two studies (a cross‐sectional survey N = 413, and an experiment N = 286), we found that greater pay inequality (actual or perceived) strengthened perceptions that the highest‐paid employees were assertive and the lowest‐paid were not. Indirect effects analysis suggested that this could be due, in part, to the increased tendency to perceive the highest and lowest‐paid employees as distinct social groups. We also found that greater pay inequality strengthened perceptions that the highest‐paid (but not the lowest‐paid) employees were immoral and unfriendly. Indirect effects analysis suggested this could be due, in part, to the increased tendency to assume that the highest and lowest‐paid employees have negative relations. Together, our research suggests that pay inequality shapes the dynamics and stereotypes of pay‐based groups in ways that could undermine organizational functioning.
From viral load to survival: Unveiling new genetic links for resistance against PMCV in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Mogahadam Hooman K. , Røsæg Magnus Vikan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe infectious agent piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) causes cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) and is responsible for substantial mortality and economic losses in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming industry. Previous research has demonstrated that breeding for resistance against PMCV is an effective approach to mitigate the disease's impact. In this study, a new quantitative trait locus (QTL) is described on chromosome 23, together with previously described QTLs on chromosomes 12 and 27. The findings are based on two genome‐wide association studies conducted on two different year‐classes of Atlantic salmon of the Rauma strain. In this study, we utilized data from an experimental challenge trial with the viral load as the phenotype and a field outbreak of CMS with survival data as the phenotype. The estimated SNP‐based heritability was 0.55 and 0.44 in the two studies, respectively. In the infection trial, the top associated SNP on chromosome 23 accounted for approximately 46% of the genetic and 25.53% of the phenotypic variations in the viral load. In the field outbreak, we identified a QTL on the same genomic region of chromosome 23. The most significantly associated marker on this chromosome explained 13.57% and 5.97% of the genetic and phenotypic variations. The QTL on chromosome 23 is in proximity to delta‐5 fatty acyl desaturase and fatty acid desaturase 2 genes, both of which play a role in the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This proximity is particularly interesting as it offers valuable insights into enhancing our understanding of resistance against PMCV.
First identification, molecular characterization, and pathogenicity assessment ofLactococcus garvieaeisolated from cultured pompano in Taiwan
Authors: Neupane Sandip , Rao Shreesha , Yan Wei‐Xiao , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLactococcosis, caused byLactococcus garvieae, is an acute hemorrhagic septicemia in fish recorded in marine and freshwater aquaculture during the summer months. In 2020–2021, several sea cage Pompano farms recorded sudden fish mortality events. Based on the results of phenotypic and biochemical tests,L. garvieaewas predicted to be the cause. PCR withL. garvieaespecific primers (pLG1 and pLG2) targeting the 16S rRNA region further confirmed the etiological agent asL. garvieaeafter amplifying an 1100 base pairs (bp) product. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA sequences of the two representative strains (AOD109‐196‐2B and AOD110‐215‐2B) shared 99.81% identity withL. garvieae(GenBank accession number: MT597707.1). The genetic profiles of the strains were classified using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis after digestion withSmaI andApaI, which clustered our strains under the same pulsotype. Multiplex PCR targeting the capsule gene cluster and serotype‐specific PCR collectively showed that the strains were non‐capsulated; thus, they belonged to serotype I. An experimental infection was designed to fulfil Koch's postulates by infecting healthy Pompano with case‐drivenL. garvieaestrains (AOD109‐196‐2B and AOD110‐215‐2B) with a cumulative mortality of 70%. Overall,L. garvieaeinfection in Pompano emphasizes the need for better monitoring and control procedures in aquaculture settings.
Effect of Biokos, a natural lipopeptide surfactant extracted from a bacterium of the Pseudomonas genus, on infection of Cryptocaryon irritans
Authors: Watanabe Yuho , Hansen Jørgen , Kotake Maho , Fujii Ryotaro , Matsuoka Hiromi , Yoshinaga Tomoyoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCryptocaryoniasis (marine white spot disease), caused by Cryptocaryon irritans, is a major threat to marine fish cultures in tropical and subtropical waters, and a serious nuisance to hobbyists with saltwater fish tanks. With only classical treatment schedules such as copper salts or hyposaline baths being available, control of the disease remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effect of Biokos, a viscosin‐like lipopeptide surfactant extracted from a bacterium of the Pseudomonas genus, on the external life stages of C. irritans, including theronts, protomonts and tomonts. The present study demonstrated that the compound has an antiparasitic effect on all tested external stages of the parasite. In particular, when Biokos was used at 48 mg/L, it was able to kill almost all theronts and protomonts within 1 h in in vitro experiments, and using the same concentration in an in vivo challenge experiment, the parasitic load was reduced by more than 95% compared to the control group with no Biokos. Additionally, cultured fish cells were able to proliferate, and fish showed no adverse signs at Biokos concentrations that were effective in killing the parasite. Thus, Biokos may be a promising way for preventing or reducing the burden of this parasitic disease in the future.
Cut‐off points for isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength in relation to indicators of overweight/obesity in people with intellectual disabilities: analysis by age groups
Authors: Ferrero‐Hernández P. , Farías‐Valenzuela C. , Ferrari G. , Espoz‐Lazo S. , Álvarez‐Arangua S. , Valdivia‐Moral P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of overweight/obesity has been increasing globally and in people with Intellectual Disabilities (IDs), this problem is exacerbated even more, which added to a low physical condition that contributes to the deterioration of functionality and increases the risk of developing chronic diseases in the course of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish cut‐off points for levels of isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength in children, adolescents and adults, which identify overweight/obesity in people with IDs and their respective associations.MethodsThe sample was made up of 131 individuals with IDs, belonging to four special and community educational centres in the city of Santiago, Chile. Body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHR) were used as indicators of overweight/obesity. Handgrip strength was used as a measure of isometric strength, and countermovement jump was used as a measure of low limb explosive strength. For the comparison of variables by age group, the analysis of Ancova, Kruskal–Wallis and chi‐square tests were used. The total area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength was identified as an indicator of overweight/obesity according to age groups. A logistic regression model was used to quantify the effect that strength categories below the cut‐off point have on the risk of overweight and obesity.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the age groups for body weight, height, BMI and WHR, as well as in the levels of absolute handgrip strength and vertical jump with countermovement (P ≤ 0.05). Children showed the lowest cut‐off points for absolute and relative strength. The adolescent group showed the highest cut‐off points for relative strength and countermovement jump and adults showed the highest value for absolute strength as indicators of overweight/obesity. Different associations between cut‐off points with BMI and WHR were found.ConclusionsAdolescents showed the highest cut‐off point for relative strength and countermovement jump, and adults showed the highest value for absolute strength, according to overweight/obesity indicators (BMI and WHR). It is suggested to adjust resistance training programmes according to age categories for the prevention of overweight/obesity in people with IDs.
Implementation and efficacy of knowledge translation frameworks in family focused nursing care: A scoping review
Authors: Østergaard Birte , Eggenberger Sandra , Sheppard‐Lemoine Debbie , Mulcaster Adam , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo provide an overview of the characteristics, variety and outcomes of knowledge translation (KT) strategies used in nursing care involving adult patients and their family members.BackgroundThe gap in providing family nursing practice could be due to a lack of explicit KT frameworks and understanding of ways to translate evidence‐based knowledge into clinical practice.DesignA scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute.MethodsThe review is reported according to PRISMA‐ScR. Relevant studies were searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL Complete, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Premium, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts and Scopus. Grey literature was searched in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Search results were imported into the web‐based programme Covidence. Studies describing concepts of KT, strategies of implementation, involvement of families and nurses/family caregivers in adult health care and conducted within the last 15 years were included.ResultsEight studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies used the KTA Framework to guide the implementation process. The remaining five studies used different frameworks/guidelines to translate a variety of family focused interventions into their clinical practice. Translation strategies were often targeted towards nurse education. Reported outcomes included nurses' attitudes towards and acceptance of involving families in health care. The outcomes were conceptualized and measured differently, showing inconclusive results on effectiveness on family focused care and family health.Conclusion and Implications for Clinical PracticeThe application of KT frameworks to implement evidence‐based family nursing into clinical practice is limited. The process of KT mainly targets at nurses' adoption of family focused interventions with limited information about short‐, intermediate‐ and long‐term efficacy on family health. Clinical leaders should consider time and resources needed to implement family focused care KT strategies before putting it into practice.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution. Data were obtained from other's literature.
A qualitative hermeneutical understanding of spiritual care in old age when living in a nursing home: The residents' voices
Authors: Rykkje Linda , Morland Marianne , Ferstad Kristin , Kuven Britt Moene 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo explore and gain a broader understanding of residents' viewpoints and experiences of spiritual care when living in a nursing home.DesignA qualitative hermeneutical interview study inspired by Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.MethodsThirty‐eight individual interviews of 14 male and 24 female residents; of these, 24 had a dementia diagnosis. The setting was one large Norwegian nursing home providing long‐term care. FACIT‐Sp‐12 was used as a guide for the interview, in addition to two open‐ended questions about thriving and spiritual care.FindingsThe older residents' voices portray a broad and diverse understanding of spiritual care, and four themes emerged: (1) Spiritual at‐homeness, (2) Spiritual awareness, (3) Philosophy of life and (4) Interconnectedness.ConclusionAccepting one's life situation in a nursing home can foster a feeling of belonging, leading to feeling more at‐home. Spiritual well‐being, including finding purpose, spiritual awareness and beliefs, was found to be interconnected with spiritual at‐homeness in the nursing home.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThis study provides insights into older nursing home residents' viewpoints on spiritual care, including persons living with dementia.ImpactThe study addressed the limited evidence regarding how older residents themselves experience and express spiritual care. Listening to older nursing home residents' voices provides a unique contribution to the research field. As several individuals with dementia contributed to the findings, this study mirrors the current population of residents in nursing homes. The findings may inform healthcare provision and policymakers and impact upon spiritual care in the field of older people nursing and dementia care services.Reporting MethodThe COREQ guideline.Patient or Public ContributionParticipation through interviews of nursing home residents.
Associations between parental precarious work schedules and child behavior problems among low‐income families
Authors: Walther Anna K. , Pilarz Alejandra Ros 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined associations between parental precarious work schedules and child behavior problems among a sample of families with low incomes receiving child‐care subsidies and tested three hypothesized mediators of these associations: work–family conflict, economic insecurity, and child‐care instability.BackgroundAs “just‐in‐time,” or on‐call, scheduling practices become more prevalent among low‐paid workers, working parents must balance family demands with precarious work schedules characterized by instability, unpredictability, and lack of control. Precarious work schedules may threaten child well‐being by increasing parents' work–family conflict and stress, economic insecurity, and child‐care instability. Yet, few studies have been able to empirically test these relationships.MethodThis study uses data from a survey of child‐care subsidy recipients to test the associations between five dimensions of parental precarious work schedules—variable work hours and shifts, limited advance notice, unexpected schedule changes, and lack of schedule control—and child externalizing behavior problems via work–care conflict, economic insecurity, and child‐care instability. Analyses use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and decomposition methods and control for a host of child, parental, and household characteristics.ResultsVariable shifts were indirectly associated with more parent‐reported child behavior problems via work–care conflict, whereas unexpected schedule changes were indirectly associated with more behavior problems via both work–care conflict and material hardship.ConclusionThese findings add to a growing evidence‐base on the incongruence between precarious employer‐driven scheduling practices and the needs of families with young children.