bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput screening of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline resistance identifies colon cancer-associated genes
Authors: Dolan Michael , St. John Nick , Zaidi Faizan , Doyle Francis , Fasullo Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent carcinogenic agents found in charred meats and cigarette smoke. However, few eukaryotic resistance genes have been identified. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) to identify genes that confer resistance to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ). CYP1A2 and NAT2 activate IQ to become a mutagenic nitrenium compound. Deletion libraries expressing human CYP1A2 and NAT2 or no human genes were exposed to either 400 or 800 µM IQ for 5 or 10 generations. DNA barcodes were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and statistical significance was determined for exactly matched barcodes. We identified 424 ORFs, including 337 genes of known function, in duplicate screens of the “humanized” collection for IQ resistance; resistance was further validated for a select group of 51 genes by growth curves, competitive growth, or trypan blue assays. Screens of the library not expressing human genes identified 143 ORFs conferring resistance to IQ per se. Ribosomal protein and protein modification genes were identified as IQ resistance genes in both the original and “humanized” libraries, while nitrogen metabolism, DNA repair, and growth control genes were also prominent in the “humanized” library. Protein complexes identified included the casein kinase 2 (CK2) and histone chaperone (HIR) complex. Among DNA Repair and checkpoint genes, we identified those that function in postreplication repair (RAD18, UBC13, REV7), base excision repair (NTG1), and checkpoint signaling (CHK1, PSY2). These studies underscore the role of ribosomal protein genes in conferring IQ resistance, and illuminate DNA repair pathways for conferring resistance to activated IQ.
Avoidable Care Transitions: A Consensus-Based Definition Using a Delphi Technique
Authors: Makhmutov Rustem , Meyer Gabriele , Ellen Moriah E , Fleischer Steffen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older adults are at increased risk of frequent transitions between care settings, even though some care transitions are avoidable. The term “avoidable care transitions” is not clearly defined in the research literature. This study aimed to find a consensus-based definition for “avoidable care transitions.”

Research Design and Methods
This study was conducted as part of the TRANS-SENIOR research network. A 4-round Delphi survey was based on a literature review that identified existing definitions of “avoidable care transitions.” Articles in MEDLINE via PubMed and CINAHL were searched. In total 95 references were included, and 106 definitions were identified. Definitions were coded to find themes, resulting in 3 themes with 2 codes for each.

Results
In total, 99 experts from 9 countries were invited, and the response rates in Delphi Rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 37.5%, 19.1%, 33.3%, and 23.3%, respectively. Upon reaching the predefined minimum of 90% agreement, the following definition was declared as final: “Avoidable care transitions (a) are without significant patient-relevant benefits or with a risk of harm outweighing patient-relevant benefits and/or (b) are when a comparable health outcome could be achieved in lower resource settings using the resources available in that place/health care system, and/or (c) violate a patient’s/informal caregiver’s preference or an agreed care plan.”

Discussion and Implications
Consensus on a definition for “avoidable care transitions” was reached by a multidisciplinary and international panel of experts comprising researchers and providers. The resulting definition consists of 3 distinct dimensions relating to the balance of benefit and harm to a patient, resource consumption, and a patient’s or informal caregiver’s preferences. The new definition might enhance the common understanding of avoidable care transitions and is now ready for application in research and quality and safety management in health care.
Real-World Navigation With Application: Characteristics of Gaze Behavior and Associated Factors in Older Adults
Authors: Shimokihara Suguru , Maruta Michio , Han Gwanghee , Ikeda Yuriko , Kamasaki Taishiro , Hidaka Yuma , Akasaki Yoshihiko , Tabira Takayuki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Advancing age might impair real-world navigation ability. The use of mobile devices by older adults has grown rapidly in recent years. Navigation applications (apps) in mobile devices may facilitate the freedom of outings for older adults. Our aim is to investigate age-related differences in real-world app-based navigation walking in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and gaze behavior; and to explore clinical factors associated with navigation walking in older adults.

Research Design and Methods
A total of 20 community-dwelling older adults and 16 young adults completed a route navigation task using a navigation app while recording their gaze behavior. Outcomes were compared in both groups and a general linear regression was used to explore clinical factors associated with app-based navigation walk in older adults.

Results
Compared with young participants, older participants had more stops and root errors and less fixation time, smaller amplitude of saccades. Additionally, older adults were more likely to glance at their smartphones while app-based navigation walking. Furthermore, gait speed and the following assessment scores were significantly associated with navigation walking in older adults: Mini-Mental State Examination, Life-Space Assessment, and the short version of the Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire.

Discussion and Implications
For app-based navigation walks, differences in accuracy and gaze behavior were found to exist with age. Additionally, efficient real-world navigation walks in older adults require the extent of life space and proficiency with mobile devices, along with walking speed and cognitive function. It is possible that age-related functional decline, such as the visual field and shifting attention between mobile devices and the real world, may have influenced the results. The study also suggests the need to understand the level of proficiency with mobile devices so that older adults can continue to go out freely. These findings give the basis for providing older adults with appropriate navigation assistance.
Habitat and distribution of the red decorator crab, Schizophrys aspera, a cryptic crown-of-thorns seastar predator
Authors: Wolfe Kennedy , Desbiens Amelia A , Pietsch Emma , Mumby Peter J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cryptic species and their interactions are challenging to describe owing to the difficulties in observing and sampling their populations. Such methodological hurdles are critical to resolve, especially when important interactions involving poorly described species are detected. The red decorator crab, Schizophrys aspera, is a newfound predator of the corallivorous Pacific crown-of-thorns seastar (CoTS; Acanthaster sp.). We discuss the Indo-Pacific distribution and taxonomy of S. aspera and provide characterization of its cryptic population at sites around Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, that differ in CoTS densities. Most S. aspera (&gt;95%) were found under coral rubble pieces atop existing rubble, associated with large pieces and chasmic interstices. The three smallest individuals (carapace width: 5–11 mm) were found under rubble overlying sand. Mean density of S. aspera was 0.8 ± 0.2 ind. 100 m−2, which varied among sites. Areas with lower records of CoTS had higher densities of S. aspera (p = 0.002; R2 = 0.25), which justifies evaluation of the distribution and impact of this species in context of CoTS outbreaks. We present a method to survey cryptic decapods on coral reefs, along with microhabitat characteristics to help predict S. aspera on reefs prone to CoTS outbreaks and its capacity to act as a natural top-down control mechanism.
Oncologic outcomes of segmentectomy versus lobectomy for clinical T1c radiological pure-solid non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Hattori Aritoshi , Takamochi Kazuya , Matsunaga Takeshi , Fukui Mariko , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to compare the outcomes of segmentectomy with those of lobectomy in T1c (&gt;2–3 cm) radiological pure-solid non-small-cell lung cancer detected on thin-section computed tomography.

METHODS
This retrospective review compared the survival outcomes, causes of death and recurrence patterns between the segmentectomy and lobectomy in patients with c-T1cN0M0 radiological pure-solid non-small-cell lung cancer. Multivariable analysis was performed to control for confounders of survival. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Differences in cumulative incidence of recurrence between groups were assessed using the methods of Gray.

RESULTS
Of the 426 patients, lobectomy was performed in 381 patients and segmentectomy in 45 patients. Nodal metastasis was noted in 104 (24.4%) patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that lobectomy was an independent prognosticator of better OS (hazard ratio 0.596, 95% confidence interval 0.366–0.969; P = 0.037). Lobectomy arm showed favourable 5-year OS and recurrence-free survival (OS: 72.9% vs 59.7%, log-rank test P = 0.007; recurrence-free survival: 64.4% vs 48.7%, P = 0.034) (median follow-up: 53 months). Approximately 14% of the patients in the lobectomy group and 27% in the segmentectomy group died of lung cancer. Furthermore, 5-year cumulative incidence of loco-regional recurrence rate was significantly higher in the segmentectomy group (35.5% vs 15.8%, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In T1c radiological pure-solid non-small-cell lung cancer, segmentectomy was significantly associated with worse survival and insufficient loco-regional cancer control. Lobectomy remains the standard surgical treatment; meanwhile, segmentectomy should be applied with great caution.
Existence of a Percolation Threshold on Finite Transitive Graphs
Authors: Easo Philip 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Let $(G_{n})$ be a sequence of finite connected vertex-transitive graphs with volume tending to infinity. We say that a sequence of parameters $(p_{n})$ is a percolation threshold if for every $\varepsilon&gt; 0$, the proportion $\left \lVert K_{1}\right \rVert $ of vertices contained in the largest cluster under bond percolation ${\mathbb {P}}_{p}^{G}$ satisfies both $$ \begin{align*} \begin{split}{} \lim_{n \to \infty} {\mathbb{P}}_{(1+\varepsilon)p_{n}}^{G_{n}} \left( \left\lVert K_{1}\right\rVert \geq \alpha \right) &= 1 \qquad \textrm{for some}\ \alpha&gt; 0, \textrm{and}\\ \lim_{n \to \infty} {\mathbb{P}}_{(1-\varepsilon)p_{n}}^{G_{n}} \left( \left\lVert K_{1}\right\rVert \geq \alpha \right) &= 0 \qquad \textrm{for all}\ \alpha &gt; 0. \end{split} \end{align*}$$We prove that $(G_{n})$ has a percolation threshold if and only if $(G_{n})$ does not contain a particular infinite collection of pathological subsequences of dense graphs. Our argument uses an adaptation of Vanneuville’s new proof of the sharpness of the phase transition for infinite graphs via couplings [27] together with our recent work with Hutchcroft on the uniqueness of the giant cluster [15].
Reconsideration of Maternal Serological Testing for Predicting Congenital CMV Infection
Authors: Huang Yue , Tang Jiabao , Yu Huan , Song Qiaoqiao , Hao Mengling , Wang Han , Liu Junxian , Dong Yue , Liang Mufeng , Zhuang Sijie , Li Caihong , Wang Jiangding , Liang Caihong , Su Yingying , Li Tingdong , Wu Ting , Ge Shengxiang , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The value of the widely applied maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) serological testing approach in predicting intrauterine transmission in highly seroprevalent regions remains unknown.

Methods
A nested case-control study was conducted based on a maternal-child cohort study. Newborns with congenital CMV (cCMV) infection were included, and each of them was matched to 3 newborns without cCMV infection. Retrospective samples were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in maternal serum and CMV DNA in maternal blood and urine to analyze their associations with cCMV infection.

Results
Forty-eight newborns with cCMV infection and 144 matched newborns without infection were included in the study. Maternal IgM antibodies and IgG avidity during pregnancy were not statistically associated with intrauterine transmission. The presence of CMV DNAemia indicated a higher risk of cCMV infection, with odds ratio values of 5.7, 6.5, and 13.0 in early, middle, and late pregnancy, respectively. However, the difference in CMV shedding rates in transmitters and nontransmitters was not significant in urine.

Conclusions
The value of current maternal CMV serological testing in regions with high seropositivity rates is very limited and should be reconsidered. The detection of DNAemia would be helpful in assessing the risk of intrauterine transmission.
Underreporting and Misclassification of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Coded Hospitalization Among Adults in Denmark Between 2015–2016 and 2017–2018
Authors: Egeskov-Cavling Amanda Marie , Johannesen Caroline Klint , Lindegaard Birgitte , Fischer Thea Kølsen ,   PROMISE Investigators, Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Nohynek Hanna , Teirlinck Anne , Bont Louis , Openshaw Peter , Pollard Andrew , Beutels Philipe , Kumar Veena , Htar Tin Tin , Vernhes Charlotte , Kramer Rolf , Dos Santos Gael , Aerssens Jeroen , Manchin Nuria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Low awareness and lack of routine testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among adults has led to underreporting in hospital records. This study aimed to assess the underreporting and misclassification of RSV infections among adults hospitalized with an respiratory tract infection (RTI)-coded hospitalization.

Methods
This study is an observational cohort study of RSV-associated hospitalizations among Danish adults (≥18 years old) conducted, between 2015 to 2018. Data were extracted from the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) and the Danish Microbiology Database. We identified RSV-positive hospitalizations by linking RTI-coded hospitalizations with a positive RSV test.

Results
Using hospital admission registries, we identified 440 RSV-coded hospitalizations, of whom 420 (95%) had a positive RSV test registered. By linking patients with RTI-coded hospital admissions to RSV test result, we found 570 additional episodes of RSV-positive hospitalizations without an RSV-coded diagnosis.

Conclusions
Our study of national register data showed that RSV is underreported among Danish adults. The study showed that the reliability of hospitalization data to estimate the burden of RSV among adults is questionable and are sensitive to changes in practice over time, even with complete nationwide healthcare data. Healthcare data can be useful to observe seasonality but to estimate the disease burden, prospective surveillance is recommended.
The Paradox of Peace: The Impact of Normalization with Israel on the Arab World
Authors: El Kurd Dana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
How can peace initiatives facilitate authoritarian practices? Peace initiatives that do not address the root causes of conflict, and maintain structural violence, can facilitate authoritarian practices through both material and discursive mechanisms. I use the recent steps towards normalization and, in some instances, peace agreements between Israel and a number of Arab states to make this argument. I examine this dynamic across Gulf Cooperation Council states with varying authoritarian practices and ties to Israel. This paper contributes to our understanding of the impacts of illiberal peace and how it functions, transnationally and at varying levels within and outside state authority.
Analyzing the African Continental Free Trade Area (the AfCFTA) from an Informality Perspective: A Beautiful House in the Wrong Neighborhood
Authors: Kwasi Tieku Thomas , Yakohene Afua Boatemaa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article critically explores the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) from an informality perspective. The informality perspective sees unofficial rules, norms, practices, processes, actors, and decision-making structures as driving forces of the social world. They are ontologically prior to and building blocks of their formal counterparts. From this viewpoint, the failure to design the AfCFTA from the informal economy baseline makes it an unfit trade agreement for the African continent. Those who drafted the agreement, its supplementary protocols and annexes, and the decision-makers who signed as well as ratified them neglected the informal trading actors and unregistered enterprises in Africa. Rather than building the agreement around unregistered small-to-medium-scale enterprises, operated mostly by women and the youth, the AfCFTA and its legal instruments envisioned a utopian African trade market without them. The drafters and decision-makers of the AfCFTA seem to operate on the basic principle of no formalization and no gain from the free trade agreement. The result is a serious mismatch. The formally oriented AfCFTA is supposed to govern the largely informal African trading ecosystems. The failure to mainstream the informal economy in the AfCFTA makes the African free trade agreement look like, to use a house metaphor, a beautifully constructed house located in the wrong neighborhood. The article substantiates this claim and shows its implications for the Pan-African integration project and the study of international relations.
Ricardo as Spinoza: Secularization, Semitism, and Political Economy
Authors: Brody Samuel Hayim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although the story that the great political economist David Ricardo (1772–1823) learned at the same school as Spinoza is most likely a romantic fiction, it suggests an intriguing parallel that reaches far beyond mere biographical coincidence. Like Spinoza, Ricardo was seen by both admirers and detractors as contributing in a “Jewish” way to forging a new, secular sphere of modern life. Because he left the Jewish community and did not frame his intellectual work as deriving from Judaism, such arguments necessarily appealed to racialization, making Ricardo Jewish in spite of himself. Considering Ricardo as a Spinoza figure offers us a deeper perspective on the role of racialized Jewishness in narratives of modern social science and thereby also in the theory of secularization.
Surveillance of ticks on a tropical island with introduced ungulates
Authors: Ku Ting-Hsiang , Liao Hsiao-Mei , Nelson Suppaluck , Cimo Erica , Jiang Le , Kuo Chi-Chien 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The abundance of hard ticks can be determined by abiotic factors and the presence of suitable hosts. Since deer represent important hosts for many tick species, it is imperative to investigate whether deer introduction will increase the number of ticks, which can transmit a wide variety of pathogens. The sika deer (Cervus nippon) was introduced to Green Island, Taiwan, to supply velvet antlers, a traditional Chinese medicine. However, they were later released into the wild after a steep decline in antler prices. We conducted surveys for questing ticks, ticks on rodents and shrews, and the fecal pellet groups of ungulates (deer and goats) in 31 transects within 3 habitat types (forest, grassland, and roadside) on Green Island every 2 months in 2019. A total of 5,321 questing ticks were collected. All collected ticks were Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis Saito and Hoogstraal, a species first identified on an island with an abundance of sika deer. Additionally, 48 ticks collected from 126 trapped rodents and shrews were almost invariably Ixodes granulatus (except for 1 larval Haemaphysalis sp.). We did not find a positive correlation between the number of questing ticks and the number of fecal pellet groups, suggesting that factors other than ungulate abundance affect tick abundance. Nevertheless, large populations of questing ticks along some roadsides suggest a high risk of tick-borne diseases to tourists on this tropical island.
Toxicity profiles of antibody-drug conjugates for anticancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Suzuki Yukio , Zhou Susu , Ota Yukihide , Harrington Matthew , Miyagi Etsuko , Takagi Hisato , Kuno Toshiki , Wright Jason D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Antibody-drug conjugates are attractive targeted agents in anticancer treatment because of their unique mechanism of action and reduced toxicity. Little is known about the spectrum of adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates, despite tens of clinical trials.

Methods
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating antibody-drug conjugate efficacy in anticancer treatment was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrial.gov were searched for relevant studies. Meta-analyses assessed the odds ratios (ORs) of 12 treatment-related symptoms and toxicities in patients treated with antibody-drug conjugates compared with those receiving other anticancer agents without antibody-drug conjugates. All-grade and high-grade (grade ≥3) toxicities were examined.

Results
Twenty studies involving 10 075 patients were included. Compared with control groups, antibody-drug conjugates were associated with a higher risk of all-grade fatigue (OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08 to 1.45), anorexia (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.69), nausea (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.97), and sensory neuropathy (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.27 to 3.76) as treatment-related symptoms. Patients treated with antibody-drug conjugates had a statistically significantly lower risk of all-grade febrile neutropenia (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.96). Conversely, they had a higher risk of thrombocytopenia (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.00 to 4.31), increased alanine aminotransferase (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.84 to 3.40), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 2.04 to 3.93). Subgroup analysis showed a similar toxicity profile when comparing the solid tumors with hematologic malignancy groups and the antibody-drug conjugate vs antibody-drug conjugate plus chemotherapy groups, except for some neurologic and hematologic adverse events.

Conclusions
This comprehensive profile of adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugate–based treatment shows an increase in various types of all-grade treatment-related symptoms and adverse events, although no increase in high-grade adverse events was seen.
Clinical Outcomes of Acutely Ill Children According to Cycle Threshold Values of Respiratory Viruses Detected by Multiplex PCR Testing
Authors: Mattila Suvi , Honkila Minna , Paalanne Niko , Mäki-Koivisto Vesa , Halt Kimmo , Jartti Tuomas , Ruuskanen Olli , Waris Matti , Pokka Tytti , Tapiainen Terhi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this cohort study of 800 children attending a pediatric emergency department at Oulu University Hospital, Finland with fever or respiratory symptoms, the cycle threshold values of point-of-care multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing for respiratory viruses were not associated with hospitalization, respiratory support, or need for intensive care.