bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution x-ray spectrometer for x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
Authors: Chin D. A. , Nilson P. M. , Mastrosimone D. , Guy D. , Ruby J. J. , Bishel D. T. , Seely J. F. , Coppari F. , Ping Y. , Rygg J. R. , Collins G. W. 
Published: January 2023

Two extended x-ray absorption fine structure flat crystal x-ray spectrometers (EFX’s) were designed and built for high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy over a large energy range with flexible, on-shot energy dispersion calibration capabilities. The EFX uses a flat silicon [111] crystal in the reflection geometry as the energy dispersive optic covering the energy range of 6.3–11.4 keV and achieving a spectral resolution of 4.5 eV with a source size of 50 μm at 7.2 keV. A shot-to-shot configurable calibration filter pack and Bayesian inference routine were used to constrain the energy dispersion relation to within ±3 eV. The EFX was primarily designed for x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and provides significant improvement to the Laboratory for Laser Energetics’ OMEGA-60 XAFS experimental platform. The EFX is capable of performing extended XAFS measurements of multiple absorption edges simultaneously on metal alloys and x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy to measure the electron structure of compressed 3d transition metals.
Conceptual design and demonstration of a three-color laser interferometer for noise reduction in fusion plasma measurements
Authors: Ohtani Y. , Imazawa R. 
Published: January 2023

A three-color laser interferometer consisting of three Mach–Zehnder-type, one-color laser interferometers with heterodyne detection and coaxial laser beams is demonstrated. The three-color laser interferometer is considered as three sets of a two-color laser interferometer. From the two sets of the two-color laser interferometer, the value consisting only of the noise floor can be assessed. The noise floor can be reduced by subtracting the value consisting only of the noise floor from the measurement value obtained with the other two-color laser interferometer. In the case of the three lasers with wavelengths 9.25 μm, 10.59 μm, and 532 nm, a 15% noise reduction was obtained compared to the two sets of the two-color laser interferometers contained in the three-color laser interferometer. The 100-Hz noise reduction by 53% was achieved, and the other frequency noises were equal to or less than the smallest noise achieved by the two-color laser interferometers. The 100-Hz noise floor is caused by the vibration noise, which remains because of the non-coaxiality of the three beams.
S-shaped characteristics of pump turbine with large guide vane opening by experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Pang Shujiao , Zhu Baoshan , Shen Yunde , Chen Zhenmu 
Published: January 2023

Pumped storage hydropower is perhaps the most reliable solution to the energy crisis, but its development and application are limited by hydraulic instability, such as S-shaped characteristics. In this paper, based on the S-shaped region pressure fluctuation test of a model pump turbine, the connection between the guide vane opening and S-shaped pressure fluctuation is established, and a guide vane opening of 28 mm is selected for numerical analysis to expand the discussion of the S-shaped pressure fluctuation characteristics to large guide vane openings. The frequency components of the vaneless space are extracted by fast Fourier transform analysis, and the rotational stall frequency is identified. Among them, the blade passage frequency and its multiplier are induced by the rotor–stator interaction, and the low-frequency component of pressure fluctuations is induced by the rotational stall and vortex rope. Based on this, the internal flow and flow rate along the S-shaped characteristic curve and their correlation with the rotational stall are analyzed. In addition, the percentage of and variation in the entropy production rate in the S-shaped region are also analyzed.
Dystrophin myonuclear domain restoration governs treatment efficacy in dystrophic muscle
Authors: Morin Adrien , Stantzou Amalia , Petrova Olga N. , Hildyard John , Tensorer Thomas , Matouk Meriem , Petkova Mina V. , Richard Isabelle , Manoliu Tudor , Goyenvalle Aurélie , Falcone Sestina , Schuelke Markus , Laplace-Builhé Corinne , Piercy Richard J. , Garcia Luis , Amthor Helge 
Published: January 2023

Dystrophin is essential for muscle health: its sarcolemmal absence causes the fatal, X-linked condition, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, its normal, spatial organization remains poorly understood, which hinders the interpretation of efficacy of its therapeutic restoration. Using female reporter mice heterozygous for fluorescently tagged dystrophin (

Dmd
EGFP

), we here reveal that dystrophin distribution is unexpectedly compartmentalized, being restricted to myonuclear-defined sarcolemmal territories extending ~80 µm, which we called “basal sarcolemmal dystrophin units (BSDUs).” These territories were further specialized at myotendinous junctions, where both
Dmd
transcripts and dystrophin protein were enriched. Genome-level correction in X-linked muscular dystrophy mice via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing restored a mosaic of separated dystrophin domains, whereas transcript-level
Dmd
correction, following treatment with tricyclo-DNA antisense oligonucleotides, restored dystrophin initially at junctions before extending along the entire fiber—with levels ~2% sufficient to moderate the dystrophic process. We conclude that widespread restoration of fiber dystrophin is likely critical for therapeutic success in DMD, perhaps most importantly, at muscle–tendon junctions.
Continuous charge management scheme for TianQin
Authors: Pi Xuanhao , Liu Qi , Xu Jiahao , Zhu Lin , Wang Qinglan , Zhang Yating , Yang Shanqing , Luo Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
TianQin is a proposed Chinese space-borne gravitational wave detection mission, which will consist of three earth-orbiting spacecraft in equilateral triangle constellation. Due to the ‘3 months on + 3 months off’ observation scheme, the continuous scientific observation period of TianQin is much shorter than LISA, it is highly preferred that other on-board operations, such as charge management, will not interrupt gravitational wave detection. This paper presents a torsion pendulum system on the ground to investigate the continuous discharge method in detail. It is found that the difference in surface characteristics between the test mass and the surrounding housing is the most critical to the success of continuous discharge method. Consequently, the effect of this difference on the continuous discharge process was evaluated in ground simulation experiments, and based on the research results, we also proposed a more feasible spatial continuous charge management strategy for TianQin.
Quantization of a black-hole gravity: geometrodynamics and the quantum
Authors: Almeida Carla R , Rodrigues Denis C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Quantum gravity is effective in domains where both quantum effects and gravity are essential, such as in the vicinity of space-time singularities. This paper will investigate the quantization of a black-hole gravity, particularly the region surrounding the singularity at the origin of the coordinate system. Describing the system with a Hamiltonian formalism, we apply the covariant integral quantization method to find the Wheeler–DeWitt equation of the model. We find that the quantized system has a discrete energy spectrum in the region inside the event horizon. Through the Kantowski–Sachs metric, it is possible to correlate the entropic time, which gives the dynamics for this model, to the cosmic time in a non-trivial way. Different configurations for the phase space of a Schwarzschild black hole are obtained in a semi-classical analysis. For lower-energy states, the quantum corrections result in singularity removal and wormhole formation.
On the Lorentz symmetry in conformally reduced quantum gravity
Authors: Gégény F , Sailer K , Nagy S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The functional renormalization group treatment of the conform reduced Einstein–Hilbert gravity is extended by following the evolution of the time and space derivatives separately, in order to consider the Lorentz symmetry during the evolution. We found the Reuter fixed point in the ultraviolet region. It is shown that starting from the Gaussian fixed point the Lorentz symmetry breaks down in the vicinity of the Reuter fixed point. Similarly, in the broken phase it also breaks down in the infrared region close to a critical singularity scale. By calculating the anomalous dimension form the kinetic term of the action, we found a new relevant coupling belonging to the curvature.
Anharmonicity-induced phase transition of spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Zhang Ke-Zhi , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the mean-field framework, using variational analysis and numerical simulation, we investigate the effect of anharmonic trap and atomic interaction on the ground-state phases of spin-orbit (SO) coupled Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in the harmonic plus quartic potential. Then, the Gaussian wave function is selected to predict the analytical conditions of the phase transition boundary of the SO coupled BECs by using the variational method. We found that the anharmonicity of the external potential induces the SO coupled BECs to undergo a phase transition between the zero-momentum phase and plane-wave phase, which is more pronounced in the cases of weak harmonic potential or strong interspecies interaction. Since the potential energy of the system modified by anharmonicity competes with other energies of the system, the anharmonicity changes the critical SO coupling strength and Raman coupling strength when the phase transition occurs. At the same time, the critical anharmonic coefficients are also affected by interspecies interaction and harmonic potential. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical results is verified by numerical simulation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
Modified Landau–Placzek ratio of the liquid metal rubidium beyond hydrodynamics
Authors: Demmel F , Morkel Chr 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The intensity ratio of the Rayleigh line and the Brillouin lines can be derived within hydrodynamics and is known as the Landau–Placzek (LP) ratio. This ratio is directly related to the ratio of specific heats of the fluid. Within the microscopic wave vector range, which can be probed by inelastic neutron scattering, the intensity ratio for simple liquid metals deviates distinctly from the hydrodynamic prediction of the LP-ratio. We derive the intensity ratio from experimental data of liquid rubidium, which shows an enhanced LP-ratio by a factor 8 compared to the hydrodynamic prediction. This strong deviation indicates a further relaxation process in the microscopic wave vector range beyond hydrodynamics. That relaxation process is the viscoelastic reaction of the simple liquid to density fluctuations. Taking this process into account a modified LP-ratio is able to describe the data quite well.
Miniaturized interferometric confocal distance sensor for surface profiling with data rates at ultrasonic frequencies
Authors: Hagemeier Sebastian , Bittner Kai , Depiereux Frank , Lehmann Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Point-wise measuring profilometers like the tactile stylus instruments or optical sensors are established measurement tools in science and industry to measure and characterize surface textures. We present a fiber-coupled laser interferometric confocal distance sensor for surface profiling. The sensor is characterized by small geometric dimensions and by its high lateral scanning speed. The ability to measure specularly reflecting and rough surface textures are demonstrated by performing several measurements on a sinusoidal standard as well as two roughness standards specified by different degree of roughness using various lateral scan velocities up to 75 mm s−1. These measurement results are compared to those obtained by a tactile stylus instrument used in the identical measurement environment as the introduced optical sensor. Finally, the ability for full-field measurements is presented.
Attractors for some models of the Cahn–Hilliard equation with the inertial term
Authors: Khanmamedov Azer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, we consider the initial boundary value problem for the modified version of the Cahn–Hilliard equation with the inertial term in two dimensional smooth bounded domain. Under the optimal regularity condition on the quartic nonlinearity, by using the splitting method, we prove the existence of the absorbing set for the weak solutions. Then, applying the energy method, we show that the semigroup generated by the weak solutions possesses a global attractor of the optimal regularity, and thereby we give a positive answer to the question raised in (Grasselli et al 2009 On the 2D Cahn–Hilliard equation with inertial term Commun. PDE
34 137–70).
Higher moments for the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with multiplicative Fourier noise
Authors: Antonopoulou Dimitra C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider in dimensions

d
=
1
,
2
,
3

the ɛ-dependent stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with a multiplicative and sufficiently regular in space infinite dimensional Fourier noise with strength of order

, γ > 0. The initial condition is non-layered and independent from ɛ. Under general assumptions on the noise diffusion σ, we prove moment estimates in H
1 (and in

L
∞

when d = 1). Higher H
2 regularity p-moment estimates are derived when σ is bounded, yielding as well space Hölder and

L
∞

bounds for

d
=
2
,
3

, and path a.s. continuity in space. All appearing constants are expressed in terms of the small positive parameter ɛ. As in the deterministic case, in H
1, H
2, the bounds admit a negative polynomial order in ɛ. Finally, assuming layered initial data of initial energy uniformly bounded in ɛ, as proposed by Chen (1996 J. Differ. Geom.
44 262–311), we use our H
1 2d-moment estimate and prove the stochastic solution’s convergence to

±

1

as

ε
→
0

a.s. when the noise diffusion has a linear growth.
Modeling and development of an auxetic foam-based multimodal capacitive strain gauge
Authors: Rizzi F , Puce S , La Malfa F , Totaro M , De Vittorio M , Beccai L 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAuxetics are mechanical metamaterials with the unique properties of expanding their transversal section upon longitudinal positive strain, decoupling the deformations in normal and transversal directions. Such property can be exploited to develop soft sensors that can provide feedback to different mechanical stimuli, e.g. pressure and shear force. In this work, we propose for the first time a mathematical model to analytically simulate and design the auxetic behavior in a capacitive strain gauge, and show that, for a polyurethane (PU) auxetic foam, Poisson Ratio’s values can satisfy the negative gauge factor (GF) condition. We develop an innovative thermo-compressive process to obtain anisotropic auxetic PU sponges both in normal and normal/radial directions, and their mechanical properties are in agreement with the theoretical calculations validating our model. Then, we develop a capacitive strain gauge by integrating a normal auxetic PU foam with polydimethylsiloxane /carbon nanotubes electrodes. Results show that the capacitive change caused by an external force, is proportional to the induced deformation, but importantly it is also dependent on the direction of the applied force. A negative GF ofGF= −2.8 is obtained for a longitudinal strain range up to 10%. This auxetic foam structure guarantees flexibility and paves the way for an improved design freedom for multimodal mechanical soft sensors providing new opportunities towards smart wearables and perceptive soft robots.
Multiple Tendon-inspired Sensors for Hand Motion Detection
Authors: Min Jiyong , Choi Taehun , Cha Youngsu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Realistic presentation by a virtual avatar and detection are critical in a motion tracking system. Specifically, because the hand is an essential body part that interacts with other objects or humans in a virtual environment, accurate behavior tracking in real time is required. In this study, we propose a hand motion detection glove using multiple tendon-inspired sensors. Remarkably, there are no sensors or electronics in the hand part of the glove. Piezoelectric sensors are positioned on the wrist part of the glove, which are connected to the tendon in the glove. The elongated piezoelectric sensors detect the angle from joint changes caused by motions of the hand. In addition, we design a case for installing multiple sensors on many joints of the fingers. To demonstrate the sensing ability of the bending motion of the finger, a series of sensor tests is conducted using a finger structure setup. We obtain sensing results with changes in the rotational angles and frequencies. Moreover, the rotational angle can be estimated from the sensing data. Based on these results, a virtual hand system following real hand motion is constructed utilizing a motion detection glove with multiple tendon-inspired sensors. Finally, we investigate the effects of Young’s modulus, number of threads, and the structure of the elastic thread to enhance the output of the sensors.
An MXene-doped PVA/PVP hydrogel-based strain sensor applicable in liquid environment
Authors: Yi Ying , Chiao Mu , Mahmoud Khaled A , Wang Bo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hydrogel-based strain sensors garner immense interest in view of their excellent mechanical properties and sensing performance for applications in a liquid environment. However, swelling of hydrogel in liquid would significantly degrade its electro-mechanical performance. This work presents a new fabrication method for an anti-swellable hydrogel synthesized by mixing titanium carbide (Ti3C2T
x
) MXene nanoparticles with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blend. A strong interaction can be formed between the double-network PVA/PVP hydrogel matrixes through a cyclic freezing–thawing method, and the addition of the MXene further improves the electro-mechanical properties of the hydrogel. Our results reveal that the synthesized MXene-PVA/PVP hydrogel (MX-hydrogel) improves the gauge factor of the sensor by 61% compared to that of a hydrogel without adding MXene nanoparticles when applied as a strain sensor. Moreover, the MX-hydrogel formed in its recovery stage exhibits a volume-limited swelling, which can be regarded as anti-swellable behavior. Finally, the synthesized MX-hydrogel’s structural, elastic, thermal, and electrical properties are investigated, paving the way toward dosage monitoring as a demonstration of the application.
Improving mechanical squeezing in a dissipative optomechanical system with quadratic dispersive coupling
Authors: Li Guolong , Li Xingmin , Xin Jun , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We theoretically investigate that mechanical quantum squeezing in a dissipative optomechanical system, driven by two driving tones, can be improved through quadratic dispersive coupling (QDC) which appears by adjusting a membrane in an appropriate position of an optical cavity. The analytical expressions are derived for revealing the intrinsic mechanism of the mechanical squeezing improvement. Remarkably, compared with the case without QDC, an optimal condition involved the QDC is found to considerably enhance the mechanical squeezing, without reducing the purity of the mechanical squeezed state which even increases at low temperature. We also show that, in this scheme, the mechanical squeezing is still improved by QDC and beyond 3 dB even though the temperature rises. This improvement effect can be reflected by the broader frequency band of the measurable squeezing output field from the cavity. This provides a new opportunity to explore high-precision measurements and quantum nature of macroscopic objects.
A Better Reconciliation of Hubble Tension in the Dark Energy Scalar Field
Authors: Fu Le , Chen Li , Yang Maoyou , Wang Junmei , Zhang Ming-Jian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hubble tension between the local measurement and global observation has been a key problem in cosmology. In this paper, we consider the quintessence scalar field, phantom field and quintom field as the dark energy to reconcile this problem. Different from most previous work, we start from the dimensionless equation of state (w) of dark energy, not a parameterization of potential. The combined analysis shows that observational data sets favor Hubble constant

H

0

=

71.3

−
0.917

+
0.854

km

s

−
1

Mpc

−
1

, which can reconcile Hubble tension within 1.20σ. We also perform a Bayes factor analysis using the MCEvidence code, and confirm that the phantom scalar field is still the most effective. To investigate the reason of Hubble tension, we analyze the density parameter. The comparison shows that the scalar fields provide a slightly larger Ω
b

h
2 and smaller Ω
c

h
2 than the standard ΛCDM model. We finally analyze a possible reason of Hubble tension from the kinematic acceleration

a

̈

. We find an interesting physical phenomenon. The acceleration

a

̈

in these scalar fields are similar as the ΛCDM model at about redshift z > 0.5. However, they increase and deviate from each other at low redshift, especially in the near future. Only the

a

̈

in phantom scalar field will decrease in the future.
Analysis of the urban turbidity island effect: a case study in Beijing City, China
Authors: Luan Qingzu , Yang M Chang , Feng Tianqi , Huang Wenli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The urban turbidity island (UTI) effect is an important research topic in urban climate studies. It is closely related to urban visibility and the health of urban residents; however, it has received little attention in previous research. This study analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the UTI effect through the combined use of satellite remote sensing and ground observation data. Specifically, absolute and relative urban turbidity island intensity (UTII_A and UTII_R) indices are proposed and calculated for 2000–2020 by using aerosol data products and atmospheric fine particle mass concentration inversion products, which are represented by aerosol optical depth (AOD), PM1, PM2.5, and PM10. The results show the following: (a) there has been a clear footprint of the UTI effect in Beijing since 2000, generally consistent with trends of urban sprawl; (b) there are great differences in the interannual distribution of AOD, normalized AOD and PM values in urban and suburban areas; and (c) there are seasonal differences in the UTI distribution and air pollutant concentrations. The differences among indices between urban and suburban areas are mainly caused by heat island-induced air convection, complex structures in urban areas and regional weather conditions. Importantly, the interannual distribution of AOD and UTII_A of PM values decreased from 2014 to 2020, indicating that the government’s air pollution control policy has significantly improved air quality. Analysis from this study could support the formulation of urban planning and control policies to guide human activities.