bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitated Photocatalytic CO2Reduction in Aerobic Environment on a Copper‐Porphyrin Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Xie Shijie , Deng Chaoyuan , Huang Qing , Zhang Chuang , Chen Chuncheng , Zhao Jincai , Sheng Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein, we fabricated a π–π stacking hybrid photocatalyst by combining two two‐dimensional (2D) materials: g‐C3N4and a Cu‐porphyrin metal–organic framework (MOF). After an aerobic photocatalytic pretreatment, this hybrid catalyst exhibited an unprecedented ability to photocatalytically reduce CO2to CO and CH4under the typical level (20 %) of O2in the air. Intriguingly, the presence of O2did not suppress CO2reduction; instead, a fivefold increase compared with that in the absence of O2was observed. Structural analysis indicated that during aerobic pretreatment, the Cu node in the 2D‐MOF moiety was hydroxylated by the hydroxyl generated from the reduction of O2. Then the formed hydroxylated Cu node maintained its structure during aerobic CO2reduction, whereas it underwent structural alteration and was reductively devitalized in the absence of O2. Theoretical calculations further demonstrated that CO2reduction, instead of O2reduction, occurred preferentially on the hydroxylated Cu node.
Regulating Spin States in Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhirong , Ma Peiyu , Luo Lei , Ding Xilan , Zhou Shiming , Zeng Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeveloping efficient and stable transition metal oxides catalysts for energy conversion processes such as oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction is one of the key measures to solve the problem of energy shortage. The spin state of transition metal oxides is strongly correlated with their catalytic activities. In an octahedral structure of transition metal oxides, the spin state of active centers could be regulated by adjusting the splitting energy and the electron pairing energy. Regulating spin state of active centers could directly modulate thedorbitals occupancy, which influence the strength of metal‐ligand bonds and the adsorption behavior of the intermediates. In this review, we clarified the significance of regulating spin state of the active centers. Subsequently, we discussed several characterization technologies for spin state and some recent strategies to regulate the spin state of the active centers. Finally, we put forward some views on the future research direction of this vital field.
Insight into the structure and mechanical performance of high content lignin reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) gel‐spun fibers via the regulation of esterified hydrophilic lignin composition for better sustainability
Authors: Sun Xiaorui , Lin Jiaxian , Cheng Yu , Duan Lianjie , Sun Xiaoxia , Li Xian , Lu Chunhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLignin is an effective low‐cost renewable reinforcement material for composite fibers at low concentration. In general, reinforcing synthetic polymeric fibers with high content lignin are preferred due to the fibers' enhanced sustainability. However, aggregation and disruption of fiber crystallinity often occurred at high lignin content, which often deteriorated fiber performance. Esterified hydrophilic lignin (modified lignin, ML) obtained from the esterification of organosolv lignin (OL) and D‐gluconic acid has good interaction with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix in gel‐spun fibers at low content. To investigate the effect of this ML on the structure and performance of high content lignin/PVA composite fibers at 30%, gel‐spun PVA fibers were prepared with different ratios of OL/ML (1/0, 2/1, 1/1, 1/2 and 0/1) in this work. The optimal mechanical performance was observed in 30% lignin mixture (OL/ML = 1/1) reinforced PVA fiber with a tensile strength of 1.1 GPa, modulus of 28 GPa, and toughness of 22 J g−1, which were 50%, 60%, and 28% higher than that of 30% OL/PVA (OL/ML = 1/0) fiber, respectively. The excellent mechanical properties are mainly attributed to increased fiber crystallinity, molecular anisotropy, and interfacial bonding of the composite fibers.
Evaluating two steps in transcription using a fluorescence‐based electrophoretic mobility shift assay
Authors: Singh Anoushka , Miller Ryan C. , Archuleta Stephen R. , Kugel Jennifer F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTranscription is the critical first step in expressing a gene, during which an RNA polymerase (RNAP) synthesizes an RNA copy of one strand of the DNA that encodes a gene. Here we describe a laboratory experiment that uses a single assay to probe two important steps in transcription: (1) RNAP binding to DNA, and (2) the transcriptional activity of the polymerase. Students probe both these steps in a single experiment using a fluorescence‐based electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and commercially available Escherichia coli RNAP. As an inquiry‐driven component, students add the transcriptional inhibitor rifampicin to reactions and draw conclusions about its mechanism of inhibition by determining whether it blocks polymerase binding to DNA or transcriptional activity. Depending on the curriculum and learning goals of individual courses, this experimental module could be easily expanded to include additional experimentation that mimics a research environment more closely. After completing the experiment students understand basic principles of transcription, mechanisms of inhibition, and the use of EMSAs to probe protein/DNA interactions.
The midline interlaminar ligament of the spine: An anatomical study
Authors: Millhuff Alexandra , Haddad Hannah , Draper M. Scott , Motzko Micaela , Glueck Edwin , Holland Brandalynn , Wright Barth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionDuring routine cadaveric dissection, Simonds et al. in 2019 found a previously undocumented ligament, which they termed the midline interlaminar ligament (MIL), in 24 out of 36 (76.5%) lumbar spinal levels. The MIL is an unpaired ligament located between and distinctly separate from the right and left ligamenta flava (LF). The purpose of this study was to identify the presence or absence of the MIL in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal regions and obtain detailed measurements of the ligaments' toughness (R) and elastic modulus (E).Materials and MethodsIntact preserved cadaveric vertebrae from C2 to the upper sacral region were dissected. Presence or absence of the MIL was documented, and length and width of each MIL were measured in situ. The R and E of the LFs from corresponding spinal segments were found for comparison.ResultsAt least one MIL was observed in 90.3% (28) of specimens. Eighty‐eight MIL's were observed out of 186 cervical intervertebral levels (0.5%), 371 thoracic intervertebral levels (5.9%), and 101 lumbar intervertebral levels (63.4%). The mean width and length of the MIL were 1.21 ± 0.36 and 16.37 ± 2.17 mm, respectively. The mean R of the MIL and the LF were 1390.27 and 2068.04 J m−2, respectively. The mean E of the MILs and LFs was 46.78 ± 16.65 and 51.15 ± 21.68 MPa, respectively.ConclusionsBased on our findings, the MIL was present in the majority of vertebrae in our cadaveric population with a predominance for the lumbar region.
The subscapularis muscle: A meta‐analysis of its variations, prevalence, and anatomy
Authors: Mann Mitchell R. , Plutecki Dawid , Janda Patryk , Pękala Jakub , Malinowski Konrad , Walocha Jerzy , Ghosh Sanjib Kumar , Balawender Krzysztof , Pękala Przemysław 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe subscapularis (SSC) is the largest rotator cuff muscle and is involved in the medial rotation, abduction, adduction, and anterior stabilization of the shoulder. It is anatomically variable, as is the morphology and prevalence of the accessory SSC (aSSC), a rare muscle slip attached to the SSC. There is no current review investigating the prevalence and morphometrics of the SSC and aSSC.PurposeTo investigate the prevalence of the morphological variants of the SSC and aSSC via meta‐analysis and review the relevant literature involving cadaveric, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonographic studies.Study DesignMeta‐analysis.Materials and MethodsLiterature data reporting the prevalence rates and morphometrics of the SSC and aSSC and their variants were pooled. Literature searches and data analyses were performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses and Anatomical Quality Assurance guidelines.ResultsForty‐six studies, totaling 2166 shoulders, were assessed. The SSC showed an overall length, thickness, cross‐sectional area, and volume of 152.2 mm (95% confidence interval, CI, 103.8–200.5 mm), 5.6 mm (95% CI, 4.6–6.6 mm), 18.1 cm2 (95% CI, 14.2–22.0 cm2), and 126.9 cm3 (95% CI, 87.2–166.5 cm3), respectively. The SSC displayed substantial variations in its origin and insertion points and in the composition of its tendon. The aSSC had an overall pooled prevalence of 24.6% (95% CI, 0.0%–76.9%).ConclusionsThe SSC and aSSC have been implicated in multiple shoulder pathologies, including muscle and tendon ruptures and neurovascular compromise. A better understanding of SSC and aSSC variants when diagnosing and treating their related pathologies will reduce patient morbidity and improve treatment regimens.
The value created by the removal of cut lines: Evaluating the impact of finishing of industrial designs on purchase intention
Authors: Kato Takumi , Botella‐Carrubi Dolores , Ribeiro‐Navarrete Samuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractColor, material, and finish (CMF) are essential to the competitiveness of industrial products. However, in the existing research on CMF from the consumer behavior perspective, there is an insufficient focus on finish, compared with that on color and material. Research on finish is limited to technical methods, and there is a lack of discussion about its impact on consumer purchasing behavior. This study examines the effect of cars' exterior design finish on purchase intention in Japan. The research question is, “does changing the quality of the finish by removing cut lines have a positive effect on purchase intention?” Two sets of images were used: normal images of car exteriors and images of car exteriors improved by removing cut lines. An online survey was conducted to explore the impact of a car's finish on consumers' purchase intentions in the Japanese market. The randomized controlled trial results showed that finish had a significant positive effect on purchase intention. This study analyzes the interaction of finish with consumer characteristics. A multiple regression model with interactions revealed that, among consumers who emphasize design, a higher finish quality prompted a greater positive influence on purchase intention. In design research, styling tends to attract significant attention. However, practitioners should not neglect efforts to improve finishing when manufacturing products. Companies that consider it impossible to convey to consumers the quality of products with delicate finishing need to change their mindset. These suggestions apply not only to the automotive industry but also to other durable consumer goods industries.
Bioactive Usual and Unusual Triterpenoids Derived from Natural Sources Used in Traditional Medicine
Authors: Joshi Rajesh K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTriterpenoids are accessible in several terrestrial plants as well as marine organisms, including sponges, algae, fungi, and sea cucumbers are examples of marine creatures. So far, more than 20,000 natural triterpenoids have exhibited several varied bioactivities, including anticancer, antimalarial, anti‐HIV, inhibit HIF‐1 activation, antibacterial, chemopreventive, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiviral, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, insecticidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic. Several plants are used in folklore medicine to treat numerous ailments, and the preparation or uses of traditional practices have been scientifically validated. Although various structural diversity has been observed in the triterpenoids, this review presents the sources and uses of those triterpenoids that showed significant biological activities which could be accessible and promoted to familiar people in the form of traditional medicine or for industrial, or pharmaceutical applications.
Effectiveness of stellate ganglion block for the treatment of patulous eustachian tube: A case report
Authors: Akiyama Junko , Imai Mina , Yamaguchi Keisuke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 56‐year‐old woman presented with a 2 months history of patulous eustachian tube. She had sudden weight loss after developing a cold, after which she had been experiencing disabling autophony and a sensation of blockage in the ear. She underwent stellate ganglion block in 8 months; her symptoms resolved subsequently.
Juvenile polyposis syndrome: A case report
Authors: Mogere Edwin , Mwaura Elijah , Waithaka Mark , Mutua Victor , Mugao Maurice , von Csefalvay Chris , Mukamati Dennis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJuvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps. Patients with JPS are at increased risk for developing colorectal and gastric cancer. JPS was diagnosed by endoscopy and histology, and the patient underwent surgery, total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch–anal anastomosis.
Trust but verify: A case report of unintended medication omission
Authors: Bryant Andrew D. , Pitman Stuart K. , Lessing Juan N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn accurate medication history prevents medication errors during transitions of care, whereas an inaccurate medication history may lead to unnecessary tests or prolonged hospitalization. We describe the case of a patient with chronic hypothyroidism who presented to the hospital with severe hypothyroidism and reported strict adherence to her home levothyroxine.
Ruthenium(II)‐Dithiocarbazates as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Solution Behavior, and Mitochondria‐Targeted Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: Sahu Gurunath , Patra Sushree Aradhana , Lima Sudhir , Das Sanchita , Görls Helmar , Plass Winfried , Dinda Rupam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reaction of the Ru(PPh3)3Cl2 with HL1−3−OH (−OH stands for the oxime hydroxyl group; HL1−OH=diacetylmonoxime‐S‐benzyldithiocarbazonate; HL2−OH=diacetylmonoxime‐S‐(4‐methyl)benzyldithiocarbazonate; and HL3−OH=diacetylmonoxime‐S‐(4‐chloro)benzyl‐dithiocarbazonate) gives three new ruthenium complexes [RuII(L1−3−H)(PPh3)2Cl] (1–3) (−H stands for imine hydrogen) coordinated with dithiocarbazate imine as the final products. All ruthenium(II) complexes (1–3) have been characterized by elemental (CHNS) analyses, IR, UV‐vis, NMR (1H, 13C, and 31P) spectroscopy, HR‐ESI‐MS spectrometry and also, the structure of 1–2 was further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The solution/aqueous stability, hydrophobicity, DNA interactions, and cell viability studies of 1–3 against HeLa, HT‐29, and NIH‐3T3 cell lines were performed. Cell viability results suggested 3 being the most cytotoxic of the series with IC50 6.9±0.2 μM against HeLa cells. Further, an apoptotic mechanism of cell death was confirmed by cell cycle analysis and Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining techniques. In this regard, the live cell confocal microscopy results revealed that compounds primarily target the mitochondria against HeLa, and HT‐29 cell lines. Moreover, these ruthenium complexes elevate the ROS level by inducing mitochondria targeting apoptotic cell death.
Biomimetic Tweezers for N‐Glycans: Selective Recognition of the Core GlcNAc2 Disaccharide of the Sialylglycopeptide SGP
Authors: Milanesi Francesco , Unione Luca , Ardá Ana , Nativi Cristina , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Roelens Stefano , Francesconi Oscar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, glycomics have shown how pervasive the role of carbohydrates in biological systems is and how chemical tools are essential to investigate glycan function and modulate carbohydrate‐mediated processes. Biomimetic receptors for carbohydrates can carry out this task but, although significant affinities and selectivities toward simple saccharides have been achieved, targeting complex glycoconjugates remains a goal yet unattained. In this work we report the unprecedented recognition of a complex biantennary sialylglycopeptide (SGP) by a tweezers‐shaped biomimetic receptor, which selectively binds to the core GlcNAc2 disaccharide of the N‐glycan with an affinity of 170 μM. Because of the simple structure and the remarkable binding ability, this biomimetic receptor can represent a versatile tool for glycoscience, opening the way to useful applications.
Recent advances in material chemistry for zinc enabled redox flow batteries
Authors: Zhao Qing‐Yuan , Yin Guang‐Yuan , Liu Yi‐Feng , Tang Rui‐Ren , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Zeng Xian‐Xiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of green and sustainable energy is a long‐term goal for modern society and people's life. Particularly under the context of carbon neutralization, decarbonization has become a consensus and propels the turning of research enthusiasm to explore new materials and chemistries for energy conversion and storage at a low expenditure. Zinc (Zn) enabled redox flow batteries (RFBs) are competitive candidates to fulfill the requirements of large‐scale energy storage at the power generation side and customer end. Considering the explosive growth, this review summarizes recent advances in material chemistry for zinc‐based RFBs, covering the cathodic redox pairs of metal ions, chalcogens, halogens, and organic molecules. After a brief introduction of common issues for Zn2+/Zn conversion reaction at the anode side, the focus is devoted to expounding challenges of redox species and possible problem‐solving strategies at the cathode side. Besides, the auxiliary components of separator and current collector are also discussed for achieving optimal RFBs' performance. At last, the conclusion and outlook of future endeavor for Zn‐based RFBs implementation are put forward.
MOF‐Derived Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich Co/CoO@NC‐CNTs Hybrid Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Xinjie , Gan Xingyu , Wang Yun , Lv Xiaoxia , Wang Fengxiang , Wang Shuxin , Peng Shan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLow‐cost and high‐efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts are the basis for large‐scale applications of electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Herein, cobalt and oxygen vacancy‐rich cobalt oxide encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon and carbon nanotubes (Co/CoO@NC‐CNTs) have been prepared by direct solid‐state pyrolysis of Co‐MOF. The carbon morphology, oxygen vacancy content and type of nitrogen can be finely tuned by mixing Co‐MOF with proper amounts of melamine. The optimized material has an interwoven CNT structure with abundant micro‐ and mesopores, suitable nitrogen type and certain number of oxygen vacancies and exhibiting outstanding ORR electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media with an onset potential of 0.96 V and a half‐wave potential of 0.88 V vs RHE, which is higher than 20 wt% Pt/C, as well as being highly stable and well resistant to methanol.
A secure communication using multifactor authentication and key agreement techniques in internet of medical things for COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Chunka Chukhu , Banerjee Subhasish , Gupta Sachin Kumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrently, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) gained popularity because of an ongoing pandemic. A few developed countries plan to deploy the IoMT for improving the security and safety of frontline workers to decrease the mortality rates of COVID‐19 patients. However, IoMT devices share the information through an open network which leads to increased vulnerability to various attacks. Hence, electronic health management systems remain many security challenges, like recording sensitive patient data, secure communication, transferring patient information to other doctors, providing the data for future medical diagnosis, collecting data from WBAN, etc. In addition, the sensor devices attached to the human body are resource‐limited and have minimal power capacity. Hence, to protect the medical privacy of patients, confidentiality and reliability of the system, the register sensor, doctor and server need to authenticate each other. Therefore, rather than two factors, in this work, a multifactor authentication protocol has been proposed to provide more secure communication. The presented scheme uses biometric and fuzzy extractors for more security purposes. Furthermore, the scheme is proved using informal and formal security verification BAN logic, ProVerif and AVISPA tools. The ProVerif simulation result of the suggested scheme shows that the proposed protocol achieves session key secrecy and mutual authentication
Copper‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhao Yunxia , Han Jiayi , Bu Yunfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 into high energy density multi‐carbon chemicals or fuels (e. g., ethylene) via new renewable energy storage has extraordinary implications for carbon neutrality. Copper (Cu)‐based catalysts have been recognized as the most promising catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene (C2H4) due to their moderate CO adsorption energy and moderate hydrogen precipitation potential. However, the poor selectivity, low current density and high overpotential of the CO2RR into C2H4 greatly limit its industrial applications. Meanwhile, the complex reaction mechanism is still unclear, which leads to blindness in the design of catalysts. Herein, we systematically summarized the latest research, proposed possible conversion mechanisms and categorized the general strategies to adjust of the structure and composition for CO2RR, such as tip effect, defect engineering, crystal plane catalysis, synergistic effect, nanoconfinement effect and so on. Eventually, we provided a prospect of the future challenges for further development and progress in CO2RR. Previous reviews have summarized catalyst designs for the reduction of CO2 to multi‐carbon products, while lacking in targeting C2H4 alone, an important industrial feedstock. This Review mainly aims to provide a comprehensive understanding for the design strategies and challenges of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4 through recent researches and further propose some guidelines for the future design of copper‐based catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4.