bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undoing Coloniality?
Authors: Fakhoury Tamirace , Icaza Rosalba 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter is situated in the emerging field of critical enquiry and praxis of decolonial thinking that gravitates around the notion of modernity as coloniality. In a nutshell, this perspective highlights what modernity actively produces as inexistent, a process that can be conceptualized as ‘epistemicide’. In particular, we critically engage with colonial and monocultural gestures around the volume’s propositions that polycentricity and governing are ‘different’ or ‘new’ forms of ordering. Consistent with a feminist and refugee-centric perspective on coloniality and governing, our response speaks back to power, and in that sense highlights the following questions: what is to be governed, by whom, and for what purposes? In addition, this response is understood as pedagogical praxis and as such engages with the (un)learning opportunities that the concepts in the volume open (and close). This point is developed in relation to two principal concerns: temporalities and understandings of the modern/colonial self. The remainder of the chapter engages with empirical illustrations from refugee spaces in Lebanon. We aim to explore whether a decolonial reading of polycentric governance in dialogue with the field of refugee studies, and more specifically, the politics of refugee voices and representations, can contribute, on the one hand, to undoing coloniality in polycentric governing research, and to desilencing what polycentric governance mutes, on the other.
Law’s Governing Centres
Authors: Rajah Jothie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter applies a global socio-legal approach to show how ‘law’ and ‘governing’ are imbricated processes and categories that shape multi-scalar issues. Specifically, the chapter analyses dynamics of governing at work in a land grab in Uganda in September 2011, which illustrates processes of governing through a trio of techniques: law, representation, and violence. Law at global, national, and local scales is evident in that the (global) Kyoto Protocol led to the licence that a private company obtained from the (national) Ugandan government. At the local level, the people living on the land understood themselves to be lawful in their situated-ness on the land. Law’s relationship to violence also plays out in multiple forms: the epistemic violence of carbon trading; the global/intra-national violence of state elites allying with global capital in order to dispossess rural peoples; and the brute violence through which the people living on the land were forcefully evicted. The third technique of governing, representation, also threads through these events at multiple levels: news media coverage that drew the world’s attention; Oxfam’s report; the private company’s website; and documents on the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman’s website. This chapter details the expressions and operations of these three techniques, highlighting the manner in which they articulate and re-inscribe entrenched global and intra-national relations of power, shaping outcomes in material reality and generating authoritative texts that (overtly and covertly) legitimize accumulation by dispossession.
Governing Assemblages
Authors: Bueger Christian , Liebetrau Tobias 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Assemblage theory provides an innovative approach to analysing governance and a unique position from which to understand processes and situations of polycentrism. Its strength lies in understanding constellations that involve large numbers and multiple forms of actors and in exploring governing relations that are informal and often subject to rapid change. It is also well suited to understanding situations where there is an overlap between jurisdictions and where new governance techniques such as best practices or public–private partnerships are employed. Assemblage theorizing originates in political anthropology and geography where scholars drew on insights from social theory, relationalism, and practice theory. Today, assemblage theorizing is adopted across disciplines to study governance at different scales, from the city to regions and global processes.. This chapter provides a concise overview of assemblage theory as an analytical tool for studying governance. We start by exploring the core conceptual apparatus of assemblage theory and discuss concepts such as territorialization and socio-material relations. Laying out the basic understandings of techniques, legitimacy, and power that emerge, we turn to empirical examples to further explore these issues. We draw on the examples of the governance of two particular spaces, the oceans and cyberspace, in order to illustrate the analytical power of the approach. Both spaces involve complex territories and actor constellations. In the empirical discussion, we show how governing evolved using best practices and public–private partnerships. Both examples show how assemblage often implies de-politicization, with power relations becoming hidden.
A Governmentality Perspective on Polycentric Governing
Authors: Beckman Frida 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the tension between how we are governed and how we think we are governed. The diffusion and multiplication of centers, practices, and techniques of power in a polycentric world challenges philosophical and political traditions which assume that we are liberal subjects, and that political power can be located in the state. Adopting a Foucauldian perspective, the chapter maps such increasingly dispersed and diverse techniques of power as they develop to create a neoliberal society of control. Whereas older forms of disciplinary control relied on more centralized and therefore more readily identifiable forms of power, neoliberal control thrives on continuous modulations and variations of power, which thereby becomes more elusive. The dispersion and invisibility of neoliberal power encourages a spread of uncertainty and paranoia in the contemporary West. Uncertainty extends to everything including knowledge (e.g. what news is ‘true’ and what is ‘fake’) and identity (e.g. what can replace the liberal subject). The (increasingly desperate) will for certainty brings an intensification of extremist and nationalist identitarian forces. Through it all runs a legitimacy crisis that emerges from the clash between deep-rooted conceptions of the liberal subject and neoliberal modes that no longer operate on the basis of such conceptions.
Coda
Authors: Greaves Margaret 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Coda reflects on poems discussed throughout the chapters of Lyric Poetry and Space Exploration from Einstein to the Present, including works by Archibald MacLeish, James Dickey, James Merrill, Elizabeth Bishop, Agha Shahid Ali, Seamus Heaney, and Tracy K. Smith. These poems all feature planet Earth photography taken in the 1960s–1970s, centering Earth at the center of extraterrestrial exploration. The coda goes on to describe poems that have been launched into extraterrestrial space—including works by Maya Angelou, Amanda Gorman, and Joy Harjo—arguing that the cultural practice of sending poems into the cosmos amounts to a kind of self-elegizing of the human species and our imperiled planet.
Ancient Texts and Sibylline Truths
Authors: Langenfeld Kathryn A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter reexamines the forged and falsely antiquated documents found within the Historia Augusta’s Life of Aurelian. This chapter contends that the spurious linen sources referenced in the Life are part of an extended analogy between the work’s forged documents and the prophetic Sibylline books. As this chapter illustrates, this analogy is central to the author’s defense of his forged documents as valuable purveyors of historical memory. After the original Sibylline books were destroyed in a fire in 83 bce, the senate recreated an inexact replica of the texts from apocryphal materials. Despite these interpolations, the pseudonymous Sibylline texts continued to be preserved by Roman audiences as valuable antiquarian sources, making them an apt model for the author’s reconstruction of lost Aurelianic sources. The author uses this analogy to argue that his pseudonymous documents, much like the inauthentic Sibylline books, were still worthy of preservation and entry into the Aurelianic biographical canon.
Thinking with Antiquity’s Ancient Beginnings
Authors: Clark Frederic 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines how the afterlife of a forged ancient history can illuminate post hoc constructions of antiquity and its ostensible beginnings. It takes as its case study the medieval and early modern reception of the De excidio Troiae historia or History of the Destruction of Troy of pseudo-Dares Phrygius. Although in reality a late antique forger, this “Dares” claimed to have been an eyewitness observer of the Trojan War and Troy’s fall; so many in the medieval and early modern periods considered him no less illustrious a figure than the first pagan to write history. This desire to locate such an authentic “first” in the ancient historical record helped guarantee Dares’ enormous popularity: his History appeared in numerous manuscripts and printed editions. From Isidore of Seville in the seventh century to Thomas Jefferson in 1800, this contribution summarizes the long history of Dares’ rise and fall, and the varieties of antiquity desired by his defenders and critics alike.
Archaeology and the Invention of Holy Bodies in Post-Tridentine Rome
Authors: Manno Talia Di 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nostalgia for Christian antiquity drove patrons in the post-Tridentine period to search for the bodies of ancient Christian martyrs under Rome’s churches. This chapter examines the strategies used to authenticate the relics discovered at five churches between 1599 and 1634. Through this period, antiquarians increasingly sought to show that their relics were authentic by appealing to current empirical shifts in intellectual culture; the grounds for identification, they said, came not from inherited histories but rather from carefully examining the antiquity of the burial site, fragility of bones, and subterranean objects. Archival records, however, reveal that the certainty of these identifications was forged, and discoveries were often motivated by the desire to dispel rival claims to the same relics in order to bolster devotion at the given church. The forging of relic-hood outlined in the case studies of this chapter provides a lens into how the Catholic church negotiated confessional polemics by appealing to shifting conceptions of truth and authority in early modern Europe.
Deceptively Authentic Additions
Authors: Kansteiner Sascha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The point of departure for this chapter is the large group of antique ideal sculptures that have been altered by Roman restorers active during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. The most important additions were heads, and they had one main purpose: to transform an antique torso into a statue appearing more or less complete which, consequently, could be sold at a high price. The discussion concentrates on those sculptures whose restorations were executed with such skill that not only did the buyer, but also past and present-day scholars, believe them to be ancient works,. These scholars have published work based, apparently, on a mistaken judgment of the state of preservation of certain statues. The ambivalent role of post-antique restorations is best illustrated by a colossal marble statue of Hercules which was provided with a new head in the sixteenth century, and also with an inscription attributing the torso/statue to one of the most famous sculptors ever, Lysippos.
The Fresnel Connection
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
“The Fresnel Connection: Particles versus Waves” describes the campaign of Francois Arago and Augustin Fresnel to prove the wave nature of light based on Fresnel’s theory of interfering waves in diffraction. Although the discovery of the polarization of light by Etienne Malus posed a stark challenge to the wave theory of light, the application of wave interference and the superposition principle of Daniel Bernoulli provided the theoretical framework for the ultimate success of the wave theory. Arago encouraged Fresnel to submit an entry to a prize competition announced by the Académie des Sciences in 1817 to explain the phenomenon of diffraction. The final proof of the wave nature of light came through the dramatic demonstration of the Spot of Arago.
Connection, Recognition, and Return
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the related ideas of revisiting places, and of ‘recognizing’ and remembering both places and people, and the way in which these returns are related to a sense of community (or its absence) in Wordsworth’s writing. The chapter begins by discussing experiences shared with Dorothy Wordsworth: a re-visit to Scotland, when a repeated sound profoundly affects the poet and his sister, and the return which is central to ‘Tintern Abbey’. It moves on to examine the London of The Prelude, where Wordsworth’s alienation, his lonely disjunction from the city streets, is explored through figurative interest in a lack of connection, alongside literal experimentation with grammatical conjunctions which aim to represent the nature of experience as accurately as possible. As part of this analysis, it describes the problematic spectatorship which attaches to Wordsworth’s experience of the theatre in London, and discusses the epitaph as a form which offers escape from the difficulties of sincere communication found in such situations.
Resounding Voices, Habitual Haunts
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores Wordsworth’s fascination with the repeated experience of places and moments, both physical and imaginative. In particular, it is interested in repeated sounds, configured as ‘earworms’; in the posture of listening which allows the appropriate attention to such repetitions, and in the ‘spots of time’. It traces the various ways in which the suggestion or representation of particular recapitulations within texts enable the coterminous presentation of specific and general experience. This balance of specificity and generality, it is argued, constitutes the nature of real, lived experience according to Wordsworth. Because sincerity involves representing accurately, the chapter proposes, this expression of the nature of experience insofar as it incorporates specific and general is vitally necessary to sincere poetry, and it can also gesture towards the sublime.
Small Farmers of Cane and Paddy: Post-Harvest Delays and Non-Payment
Authors: Vanashree  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The consciousness narrative in the two stories lets us see that the struggle of the cultivators of cane and paddy does not come to end with sowing, fertilizing, and harvesting—braving drought or inundation. Those who work as the functionaries in the transaction of cane or paddy, with the covert complicity of their bosses, follow the colonial system: favour bribe givers, unjustly allow them to slide ahead, assuming that it was their obligation to harass and discipline the poor peasants; even the lower-level functionary with the collusion of some stand by dabangs, manhandles the cane peasants, who catch up long distances, exhausted, starved, sometimes die, waiting for the deal done. One who seeks justice at the higher level would invariably be ineffective due to the intimidating gap between the peasant and the Sahib. Even when the complaint is heard, the smarter weighing assistant, nonetheless, has the last laugh.
Rural Migration: Dismantling Rural Resources
Authors: Vanashree  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Several fictional narratives since the time of Premchand reveal the moving tales of lives away from ones’ nearest family members, year-round. It could involve living hazardously, beyond the margins of subsistence and exposure to the threats of disease and death. Weddings of daughters, debts, vagaries of weather, fast disappearance of indigenously running workshops that were traditionally aligned with farming, drive the rural existence to the brink of a full-blown crisis. The three narratives here explore the varied contexts when migrating became the only resort for subsistence. Lakhs of workers from rural India have been toiling in the cities or departing to the Gulf countries to earn their living. The larger urban population hardly registered their presence or cared about the migrant populace, even though they were very much around, until the break out of COVID-19.
The Electoral Effects of Social Democratic Austerity
Authors: Bremer Björn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines the electoral consequences of social democratic austerity. A lot of research suggests that mainstream parties benefit from programmatic moderation because it allows them to capture ‘potential’ centrist voters. Yet, austerity is often incompatible with the brand of social democratic parties, threatening to undermine the partisan attachment of their ‘core’ voters. This chapter tests which effect dominates by analysing the electoral effects of social democratic austerity during the Great Recession. It uses time-series-cross-section analysis to examine the relationship between austerity events and the popularity of centre-left parties in twelve European countries from 2008 to 2017. The results show that social democrats lost support when they implemented austerity and that this effect persisted over time. The chapter then uses individual-level panel analysis based on the British Election Study (BES) to examine how voters responded when the Labour Party adopted orthodox policies in election campaigns. Potential voters who are fiscally conservative were unlikely to support the party. Rather, orthodox fiscal policies undermined the party’s ability to mobilize its core voters that were opposed to austerity. This contributed to the crisis of social democracy in Europe.
The Stock Market
Authors: Brown Rajeswary Ampalavanar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the reasons for the sustainability of the Bahrain stock exchange had been that oil wealth provided it with funding. Personal ownership in listed companies is limited, as the state is the major investor on the stock exchange. The power dynamics of oil and the Sunni-dominated Gulf allowed Bahrain to undertake the refining of oil from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, after it exhausted its own oil reserves by the early 1970s. Bahrain then established its financial leadership through flows of oil capital and was in the vanguard of GCC financial vitality and economic resurgence. Therefore Bahrain’s economic, political, and social history has thus been relatively stable, compared to that of her neighbours.
Bahrain’s Arab Spring
Authors: Brown Rajeswary Ampalavanar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
By the beginning of the twenty-first century, there was fertile ground for social and political disorder, as the disadvantaged rural and urban regions of Bahrain sought new opportunities. Particularly relevant was loss of land by Shi’ites in the aggressive economic diversification after 1990. The violent clashes in Bahrain in the early 1950s, along communal, religious, ethnic, and racial lines, expressed deep resentment against the Sunni state. Later disorders were continuations of grievance politics, set against the changing networks of patronage. Many of the protests leading to the 2011 Arab Spring involved poor Shi’ites, claimed by the authorities to be stooges of Iran. But Bahrain’s Shi’ites are culturally and psychologically different from the Shi’ites of Iran. Not least, they do not seek the creation of an Islamic state. Disgruntled, unemployed Bahraini youth, mainly Sunnis, and some of leftist persuasion, offered a vivid example of resistance and the political drive behind resentment and grievances towards the state. They cooperated with Shi’ite protestors and communist parties.
The Mind in the Ice
Authors: Fernández-Armesto Felipe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The task for the chapter is—without stretching inference implausibly beyond the evidence—to read some of those thoughts and experiences in objects of art and material culture from the Ice Age and to understand why a cold climate seems to have been mentally bracing. The Ice Age is revealed as a surprisingly conducive time for ‘Stone Age affluence’: abundant game and wild food crops, plentiful energy sources, long days of leisure unequalled in most farming societies, and plenty of time for observing nature, thinking about the observations, and recording the results in art. Using techniques of cognitive archaeology and anthropological analogy, the author explores how the makers of the earliest surviving art thought about the world they inhabited and tried to control it or communicate with it.
Material Life
Authors: Brooke John 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The chapter covers the environmental history of the world, seen as a whole, over more than two millennia. Cycles of solar intensity and, occasional, more erratic clusters of volcanic eruptions operated upon the great systems of atmospheric circulation: the equatorial monsoon domain and the mid-latitude westerlies operating just beyond the polar vortex. The result was an oscillating wave in the human condition, two long optimums of population expansion and growing stability, even prosperity, rising and falling between three eras of crisis and decline. In sequence, these were the Bronze Age Crisis, the Iron Age recovery and Classical optimum, the Dark Ages, the Medieval optimum, and then the Little Ice Age, with its great epidemics. This oscillating pattern took its global shape and coherence from the great repeating pattern in global climate history: the 2,200–year Hallstatt solar cycle manifested in the Bronze Age–Iron Age crisis and the Little Ice Age, with warmer Ancient and Medieval regimes separated by the half-cycle Dark Ages.
Humanism and the Classical Tradition
Authors: Mack Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Renaissance humanism was a scholarly movement which profoundly changed European society and intellectual life. Its impact is particularly apparent in educational reforms, which shaped the thinking of elites in Europe and settler societies in the Americas. The chapter begins with an account of the origins of humanism (with particular attention to Petrarch) and then turns to Italian humanism in the fifteenth century. The recovery of the Latin and Greek texts of classical antiquity is discussed, as is the role of wealthy patrons who founded libraries and schools and financed scholarly activities. Particular attention is given to Lorenzo Valla, Angelo Poliziano, and Pico della Mirandola. The focus then shifts to humanism in northern Europe and Spain, and to figures such as Erasmus, Sir Thomas More, and Jean Luis Vives. The chapter concludes with an account of the broader impact of humanism.
War and the State, c.1400–c.1650
Authors: Parrott David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Renaissance was a period of endemic warfare, and the destruction wrought by warfare that shaped the political and social structures of Europe. Humanists such as Erasmus and Sir Thomas More condemned warfare as the ungodly sport of a wicked ruling class. Others sought to understand war through the prism of classical authors such as Caesar, Livy, Tacitus, and Plutarch who described armed conflict in Republican and Imperial Rome. Figures such as Machiavelli studied ancient texts with a view to understanding the ‘art of war’ and its relationship to politics and morality. War is discussed in terms of dynastic rivalries and divisions arising from the Protestant Reformation. Technological changes include the advent of gunpowder, the proliferation of artillery, and innovations in fortification. The changing composition of armies and navies and their equipment is discussed, as are changes in strategy and tactics. The chapter concludes with a consideration of Renaissance responses to warfare.