bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological comorbidities in osteoarthritis in Germany
Authors: Walter Nike , Hinterberger Thilo , Szymski Dominik , Alt Volker , Rupp Markus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease associated with pain, loss of function and reduced quality of life. Concomitant psychological disorders can significantly influence treatment outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) How has the incidence of primary coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis developed over the last decade? (2) How high is the prevalence of osteoarthritis patients with concomitant psychological diagnoses? (3) Which psychological comorbidities are most prevalent in coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis patients, respectively? For this cross-sectional study, a dataset provided by the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) consisting of annual, Germany-wide ICD-10 diagnosis codes from 2009 to 2019 was analysed. Incidences of the codes “M16.1” and “M17.1”, unilateral primary coxarthrosis and unilateral primary gonarthrosis, were quantified. Prevalence rates of secondary diagnoses of the chapter F of the ICD-10 were determined. Incidences were 230.7/100,000 inhabitants for coxarthrosis and 224.2/100,000 inhabitants for gonarthrosis. Patients with psychological comorbidities constituted 9.0% of coxarthrosis cases and 8.9% of gonarthrosis cases, respectively. Between 2009 through 2019, the proportion of patients with a concomitant “F” diagnoses of the ICD-10 increased by + 37.8% for coxarthrosis and by 17.9% for gonarthrosis. The most prevalent secondary diagnoses were affective disorders (F3), whereby numbers increased over the years. Increasing psychological comorbidities advocate for the implementation of screening tools, prevention strategies, interdisciplinary approaches and psychological support in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Dynamics of working memory process revealed by independent component analysis in an fMRI study
Authors: Fafrowicz Magdalena , Ceglarek Anna , Olszewska Justyna , Sobczak Anna , Bohaterewicz Bartosz , Ostrogorska Monika , Reuter-Lorenz Patricia , Lewandowska Koryna , Sikora-Wachowicz Barbara , Oginska Halszka , Hubalewska-Mazgaj Magdalena , Marek Tadeusz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman memory is prone to errors in many everyday activities but also when cultivating hobbies such as traveling and/or learning a new language. For instance, while visiting foreign countries, people erroneously recall foreign language words that are meaningless to them. Our research simulated such errors in a modified Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm for short-term memory with phonologically related stimuli aimed at uncovering behavioral and neuronal indices of false memory formation with regard to time-of-day, a variable known to influence memory. Fifty-eight participants were tested in a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner twice. The results of an Independent Component Analysis revealed encoding-related activity of the medial visual network preceding correct recognition of positive probes and correct rejection of lure probes. The engagement of this network preceding false alarms was not observed. We also explored if diurnal rhythmicity influences working memory processes. Diurnal differences were seen in the default mode network and the medial visual network with lower deactivation in the evening hours. The GLM results showed greater activation of the right lingual gyrus, part of the visual cortex and the left cerebellum in the evening. The study offers new insight into the mechanisms associated with false memories, suggesting that deficient engagement of the medial visual network during the memorization phase of a task results in short-term memory distortions. The results shed new light on the dynamics of working memory processes by taking into account the effect of time-of-day on memory performance.
The optimization of postoperative radiotherapy in de novo stage IV breast cancer: evidence from real-world data to personalize treatment decisions
Authors: Miyashita Minoru , Balogun Onyinye B. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Huo Dezheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProlonged survival of patients with stage IV breast cancer could change the role of radiotherapy for local control of breast primary, but its survival benefit remains unclear. Our aim is to investigate the survival benefit of radiotherapy in de novo stage IV breast cancer. Stage IV breast cancer patients who received breast surgery and have survived 12 months after diagnosis (landmark analysis) were included in the study from 2010 to 2015 of the National Cancer DataBase. Multivariable Cox models and a propensity score matching were used to control for confounding effects. Of 11,850 patients, 3629 (30.6%) underwent postoperative radiotherapy to breast or chest wall and 8221 (69.4%) did not. In multivariable analysis adjusting for multiple prognostic variables, postoperative radiotherapy was significantly associated with better survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.69–0.80; P < 0.001). Radiotherapy was associated with improved survival in patients with bone (P < 0.001) or lung metastasis (P = 0.014), but not in patients with liver (P = 0.549) or brain metastasis (P = 0.407). Radiotherapy was also associated with improved survival in patients with one (P < 0.001) or two metastatic sites (P = 0.028), but not in patients with three or more metastatic sites (P = 0.916). The survival impact of radiotherapy did not differ among subtypes. The results of survival analysis in the propensity score-matched sub-cohort were precisely consistent with those of multivariable analysis. These real-world data show that postoperative radiotherapy might improve overall survival for de novo Stage IV breast cancer with bone or lung metastasis, regardless of subtypes.
Design and implementation of elliptical mantle cloaks for polarization decoupling of two tightly spaced interleaved co-frequency patch array antennas
Authors: Masoumi Reza , Kazemi Robab , Fathy Aly E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we utilized the method of mantle cloaking to decouple/isolate two densely packed interleaved patch array antennas operating at the same frequency but with orthogonal polarizations. To reduce mutual coupling between the adjacent elements, vertical strips, as a type of elliptical mantle cloaks, are located in close proximity to the patches. At the operating frequency of f0 = 3.7 GHz, the edge-to-edge spacing of the elements of the two interleaved arrays is less than λ0/80 (1 mm) and the center-to-center spacing of each array element is 0.7 λ0 (57 mm). The proposed design is implemented using 3D printing technology, and its performance in terms of return loss, efficiency, gain, radiation patterns, and isolation is measured for evaluation. The results show the radiation characteristics of the arrays are perfectly retrieved after cloaking similar to the isolated arrays. Decoupling tightly spaced patch antenna arrays on a single substrate paves the way to achieve miniaturized communication systems with full duplex operation or dual polarization communication.
The tight junction protein occludin modulates blood–brain barrier integrity and neurological function after ischemic stroke in mice
Authors: Sugiyama Shintaro , Sasaki Tsutomu , Tanaka Hiroo , Yan Haomin , Ikegami Takeshi , Kanki Hideaki , Nishiyama Kumiko , Beck Goichi , Gon Yasufumi , Okazaki Shuhei , Todo Kenichi , Tamura Atsushi , Tsukita Sachiko , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to brain injury and neurological impairment. Tight junctions (TJs) and cell–cell adhesion complexes develop between endothelial cells in the brain to establish and maintain the BBB. Occludin, the first transmembrane protein identified in TJs, has received intense research interest because numerous in vitro studies have suggested its importance in maintaining BBB integrity. However, its role in maintaining BBB integrity after ischemic stroke is less clear owing to the lack of in vivo evidence. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics and function of occludin across the acute and chronic phases after stroke using occludin-deficient mice. By photochemically induced thrombosis model, the expression of occludin was decreased in brain endothelial cells from ischemic lesions. The neurological function of occludin-deficient mice was continuously impaired compared to that of wild-type mice. BBB integrity evaluated by Evans blue and 0.5-kDa fluorescein in the acute phase and by 10-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran in the chronic phase was decreased to a greater extent after stroke in occludin-deficient mice. Furthermore, occludin-deficient mice showed decreased claudin-5 and neovascularization after stroke. Our study reveals that occludin plays an important role from the acute to the chronic phase after ischemic stroke in vivo.
Design and implementation of humidity sensor based on carbon nitride modified with graphene quantum dots
Authors: Morsy Mohamed , Gomaa Islam , Mokhtar M. M. , ElHaes Hanan , Ibrahim Medhat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRelative humidity (RH) is one of the most important factors that deserve intensive study because of its impact on many aspects of life. In this work humidity sensor based on carbon nitride / graphene quantum dots (g-C3N4/GQDs) nanocomposites have been developed. The structure, morphology and composition properties of the g-C3N4/GQDs were investigated and analyzed by XRD, HR-TEM, FTIR, UV–Vis, Raman, XPS and BET surface area. The average particle size of GQDs was estimated from XRD to be 5 nm and confirmed using HRTEM. The HRTEM images prove that the GQDs are attached to the external surface of the g-C3N4. The measured BET surface area was found to be 216 m2/g, 313 m2/g, and 545 m2/g for GQDs, g-C3N4, and g-C3N4/GQDs respectively. The d-spacing and crystallite size were estimated from XRD and HRTEM and found in a good matching. The humidity sensing behavior of g-C3N4/GQDs was measured in a wide span of humidity from 7% up to 97% RH under different testing frequencies. The obtained results demonstrate good reversibility and fast response/recovery time. The implemented sensor exhibits a great application prospect in humidity alarm devices, automatic diaper alarms, and breath analysis, which have advantages such as strong anti-interference capability, low cost, and easy to use.
Rice-memolin, a novel peptide derived from rice bran, improves cognitive function after oral administration in mice
Authors: Shobako Maiko , Shobako Naohisa , Zhang Biyun , Kaneko Kentaro , Ohinata Kousaku 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany people eat polished rice, while rice bran, a by-product known to be rich in protein and expected to have potential functions for health benefits, has not been effectively utilized. In this study, we determined that orally administered Val-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Gly (VYTPG) derived from rice bran protein improved cognitive decline in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). It was demonstrated that VYTPG was released from model peptides corresponding to fragment sequences of original rice proteins (Os01g0941500, Os01g0872700, and allergenic protein) after treatment with thermolysin, a microorganism-derived enzyme often used in industrial scale processes. The thermolysin digest also improved cognitive decline after oral administration in mice. Because VYTPG (1.0 mg/kg) potently improved cognitive decline and is enzymatically produced from the rice bran, we named it rice-memolin. Next, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the cognitive decline improvement associated with rice-memolin. Methyllycaconitine, an antagonist for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, suppressed the rice-memolin-induced effect, suggesting that rice-memolin improved cognitive decline coupled to the acetylcholine system. Rice-memolin increased the number of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and promoted the mRNA expression of EGF and FGF-2 in the hippocampus, implying that these neurotropic factors play a role in hippocampal neurogenesis after rice-memolin administration. Epidemiologic studies demonstrated that diabetes is a risk factor for dementia; therefore, we also examined the effect of rice-memolin on glucose metabolism. Rice-memolin improved glucose intolerance. In conclusion, we identified a novel rice-derived peptide that can improve cognitive decline. The mechanisms are associated with acetylcholine and hippocampal neurogenesis. Rice-memolin is the first rice-brain-derived peptide able to improve cognitive decline.
Artificial intelligence-based clustering and characterization of Parkinson's disease trajectories
Authors: Birkenbihl Colin , Ahmad Ashar , Massat Nathalie J. , Raschka Tamara , Avbersek Andreja , Downey Patrick , Armstrong Martin , Fröhlich Holger 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly heterogeneous disease both with respect to arising symptoms and its progression over time. This hampers the design of disease modifying trials for PD as treatments which would potentially show efficacy in specific patient subgroups could be considered ineffective in a heterogeneous trial cohort. Establishing clusters of PD patients based on their progression patterns could help to disentangle the exhibited heterogeneity, highlight clinical differences among patient subgroups, and identify the biological pathways and molecular players which underlie the evident differences. Further, stratification of patients into clusters with distinct progression patterns could help to recruit more homogeneous trial cohorts. In the present work, we applied an artificial intelligence-based algorithm to model and cluster longitudinal PD progression trajectories from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. Using a combination of six clinical outcome scores covering both motor and non-motor symptoms, we were able to identify specific clusters of PD that showed significantly different patterns of PD progression. The inclusion of genetic variants and biomarker data allowed us to associate the established progression clusters with distinct biological mechanisms, such as perturbations in vesicle transport or neuroprotection. Furthermore, we found that patients of identified progression clusters showed significant differences in their responsiveness to symptomatic treatment. Taken together, our work contributes to a better understanding of the heterogeneity encountered when examining and treating patients with PD, and points towards potential biological pathways and genes that could underlie those differences.
Three-decade assessment of dry and wet spells change across Iran, a fingerprint of climate change
Authors: Motamedi Armita , Gohari Alireza , Haghighi Ali Torabi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtended periods of hydro-climate extremes with excessive or scarce rainfall associated with high or low temperatures have resulted in an imbalanced water cycle and inefficient socio-economic systems in several regions of Iran. However, there is a lack of comprehensive investigations on short-term to long-term variations in timing, duration, and temperature of wet/dry spells. This study bridges the current gap through a comprehensive statistical analysis of historical climatic data (1959–2018). Results indicated that the negative tendency of the accumulated rainfall (− 0.16/ − 0.35 mm/year during the past 60/30 years) in 2- to 6-day wet spells had made significant contributions to the ongoing downward trend in annual rainfall (− 0.5/ − 1.5 mm/year during the past 60/30 years) owing to a warmer climate condition. Warmer wet spells are likely responsible for precipitation patterns changes in snow-dominated stations since their wet spells temperature has more than threefold growth with increasing distance to coasts. The most detected trends in climatic patterns have started in the last two decades and become more severe from 2009 to 2018. Our results confirm the alteration of precipitation features across Iran due to anthropogenic climatic change, and suggest expected increase in air temperature would likely result in further dry and warm conditions over the coming decades.
Reevaluating the wave power-salt marsh retreat relationship
Authors: Houttuijn Bloemendaal L. J. , FitzGerald D. M. , Hughes Z. J. , Novak A. B. , Georgiou I. Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSalt marshes are threatened by rising sea levels and human activities, and a major mechanism of marsh loss is edge retreat or erosion. To understand and predict loss in these valuable ecosystems, studies have related erosion to marsh hydrodynamics and wave characteristics such as wave power. Across global studies, erosion is reported to be largely linearly related to wave power, with this relationship having implications for the resilience of marshes to extreme events such as storms. However, there is significant variability in this relationship across marshes because of marsh heterogeneity and the uniqueness of each physical setting. Here, we investigate the results of individual studies throughout the world that report a linear relationship and add a new dataset from the Great Marsh in Massachusetts (USA). We find that most marsh wave power and erosion data are not normally distributed and when these datasets are properly plotted to account for their distributions, the resulting relationships vary from previously published curves. Our Great Marsh data suggest that events from specific wind directions can have an outsized impact on edge erosion due to their larger fetch and wind speeds. We also find that factors other than wave attack such as edge erosion along tidal channels, can have a measurable impact on retreat rates. We show the importance of maintaining statistical assumptions when performing regressions, as well as emphasize the site-specificity of these relationships. Without calibration of a marsh erosion-wave power relationship using robust regressions for each individual marsh, such a relationship is not fully constrained, resulting in unreliable predictions of future marsh resilience and response to climate change.
Crystal structure of the CoV-Y domain of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 3
Authors: Li Yunfeng , Pustovalova Yulia , Shi Wuxian , Gorbatyuk Oksana , Sreeramulu Sridhar , Schwalbe Harald , Hoch Jeffrey C. , Hao Bing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReplication of the coronavirus genome starts with the formation of viral RNA-containing double-membrane vesicles (DMV) following viral entry into the host cell. The multi-domain nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) is the largest protein encoded by the known coronavirus genome and serves as a central component of the viral replication and transcription machinery. Previous studies demonstrated that the highly-conserved C-terminal region of nsp3 is essential for subcellular membrane rearrangement, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of the CoV-Y domain, the most C-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3, at 2.4 Å-resolution. CoV-Y adopts a previously uncharacterized V-shaped fold featuring three distinct subdomains. Sequence alignment and structure prediction suggest that this fold is likely shared by the CoV-Y domains from closely related nsp3 homologs. NMR-based fragment screening combined with molecular docking identifies surface cavities in CoV-Y for interaction with potential ligands and other nsps. These studies provide the first structural view on a complete nsp3 CoV-Y domain, and the molecular framework for understanding the architecture, assembly and function of the nsp3 C-terminal domains in coronavirus replication. Our work illuminates nsp3 as a potential target for therapeutic interventions to aid in the on-going battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and diseases caused by other coronaviruses.
Peak knee joint moments accurately predict medial and lateral knee contact forces in patients with valgus malalignment
Authors: Holder Jana , van Drongelen Stefan , Uhlrich Scott David , Herrmann Eva , Meurer Andrea , Stief Felix 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCompressive knee joint contact force during walking is thought to be related to initiation and progression of knee osteoarthritis. However, joint loading is often evaluated with surrogate measures, like the external knee adduction moment, due to the complexity of computing joint contact forces. Statistical models have shown promising correlations between medial knee joint contact forces and knee adduction moments in particularly in individuals with knee osteoarthritis or after total knee replacements (R2 = 0.44–0.60). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how accurately model-based predictions of peak medial and lateral knee joint contact forces during walking could be estimated by linear mixed-effects models including joint moments for children and adolescents with and without valgus malalignment. Peak knee joint moments were strongly correlated (R2 > 0.85, p < 0.001) with both peak medial and lateral knee joint contact forces. The knee flexion and adduction moments were significant covariates in the models, strengthening the understanding of the statistical relationship between both moments and medial and lateral knee joint contact forces. In the future, these models could be used to evaluate peak knee joint contact forces from musculoskeletal simulations using peak joint moments from motion capture software, obviating the need for time-consuming musculoskeletal simulations.