bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling theories on why employees of small firms are more likely to become entrepreneurs
Authors: King Benjamin , Ganco Martin , Starr Evan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A common finding in the literature on heterogeneity in entrepreneurial entry is that workers of small firms relative to large firms are more likely to become entrepreneurs (i.e., the “small firm effect”). Researchers disagree, however, on how to interpret this relationship, and in which contexts. A traditional argument is that work experience in small firms facilitates the acquisition of knowledge relevant to entrepreneurship, which, in turn, facilitates transitions into entrepreneurship. An alternative explanation argues that, at least in technical domains, the small firm effect derives from the potential for large firms to better integrate ideas internally (i.e., intrapreneurship). We inform this debate by leveraging a unique, nationally representative survey that provides rich details about the emergence of entrepreneurial ideas and their potential implementation inside vs. outside of firms. Consistent with the former explanation of the small firm effect, for the average worker, we find strong evidence that small firms (relative to large firms) are better at providing an environment that facilitates transitions to entrepreneurship. However, we also find that technical workers are more likely to attempt to implement ideas in larger firms relative to non-tech workers. Our results thus imply that while the traditional mechanism drives the small firm effect for non-tech workers, both mechanisms contribute to the effect for the tech workers, thus helping to reconcile competing explanations in prior studies. In addition to unpacking the drivers of the small firm effect, our study has broader implications for the recent discussion on the drivers of entrepreneurial dynamism.
Adaptive FEM with quasi-optimal overall cost for nonsymmetric linear elliptic PDEs
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Innerberger Michael , Miraçi Ani , Praetorius Dirk , Streitberger Julian , Heid Pascal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider a general nonsymmetric second-order linear elliptic partial differential equation in the framework of the Lax–Milgram lemma. We formulate and analyze an adaptive finite element algorithm with arbitrary polynomial degree that steers the adaptive meshrefinement and the inexact iterative solution of the arising linear systems. More precisely, the iterative solver employs, as an outer loop, the so-called Zarantonello iteration to symmetrize the system and, as an inner loop, a uniformly contractive algebraic solver, for example, an optimally preconditioned conjugate gradient method or an optimal geometric multigrid algorithm. We prove that the proposed inexact adaptive iteratively symmetrized finite element method leads to full linear convergence and, for sufficiently small adaptivity parameters, to optimal convergence rates with respect to the overall computational cost, i.e., the total computational time. Numerical experiments underline the theory.
A case of anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas with intrasplenic huge mass formation
Authors: Miyata Takashi , Nishiki Hisashi , Shinden Yuki , Motoyama Shota , Sannomiya Yuta , Tamezawa Hozumi , Nagayama Taigo , Hashimoto Akifumi , Kaida Daisuke , Miyashita Tomoharu , Fujita Hideto , Ueda Nobuhiko , Takamura Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas (ACP) is an aggressive pancreatic tumor that grows rapidly, and its clinical characteristics are poorly defined because of its rarity. Thus, preoperative diagnosis is difficult and most definitive diagnoses are generally made by surgery, highlighting the importance of collecting more cases of ACP. We report a case of a 79-year-old woman with ACP that was difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography revealed a large and expansive tumor in the spleen containing multilocular cystic and solid components. The first preoperative diagnosis was splenic angiosarcoma, and the tumor could be resected by distal pancreatectomy, total gastrectomy and partial transverse colectomy. ACP was first diagnosed based on postoperative histopathological findings. ACP that spreads to the spleen and forms an intrasplenic mass is rare. However, ACP should be included in the differential diagnosis of such patients, and further research of ACP is essential for a favorable prognosis.
Delayed development of basal spikelets in wheat explains their increased floret abortion and rudimentary nature
Authors: Backhaus Anna Elisabeth , Griffiths Cara , Vergara-Cruces Angel , Simmonds James , Lee Rebecca , Morris Richard J , Uauy Cristobal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Large differences exist in the number of grains per spikelet across an individual wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike. The central spikelets produce the highest number of grains, while apical and basal spikelets are less productive, and the most basal spikelets are commonly only developed in rudimentary form. Basal spikelets are delayed in initiation, yet they continue to develop and produce florets. The precise timing or the cause of their abortion remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the underlying causes of basal spikelet abortion using shading applications in the field. We found that basal spikelet abortion is likely to be the consequence of complete floret abortion, as both occur concurrently and have the same response to shading treatments. We detected no differences in assimilate availability across the spike. Instead, we show that the reduced developmental age of basal florets pre-anthesis is strongly associated with their increased abortion. Using the developmental age pre-abortion, we were able to predict final grain set per spikelet across the spike, alongside the characteristic gradient in the number of grains from basal to central spikelets. Future efforts to improve spikelet homogeneity across the spike could thus focus on improving basal spikelet establishment and increasing floret development rates pre-abortion.
Milliarcsecond structure and variability of methanol maser emission in three high-mass protostars
Authors: Aberfelds A , Bartkiewicz A , Szymczak M , Šteinbergs J , Surcis G , Kobak A , Durjasz M , Shmeld I 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The variability study of 6.7 GHz methanol masers has become a useful way to improve our understanding of the physical conditions in high-mass star-forming regions. Based on the single-dish monitoring using the Irbene telescopes, we selected three sources with close sky positions. We imaged them using the European very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Network and searched available data on VLBI archives to follow detailed changes in their structures and single maser spot variability. All three targets show a few groups of maser cloudlets of a typical size of 3.5 mas and the majority of them show linear or arched structures with velocity gradients of order 0.22 km s−1  mas−1. The cloudlets and overall source morphologies are remarkably stable on time-scales of 7–15 yr, supporting a scenario of variability due to changes in the maser pumping rate.
Infrared spectra of solid indene pure and in water ice: implications for observed IR absorptions in TMC-1
Authors: Maté Belén , Tanarro Isabel , Timón Vicente , Cernicharo José , Herrero Victor J 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Experimental and theoretical infrared spectra, between 4000 and 500 cm−1 (2.5–20 μm), and infrared band strengths of two solid phases of indene, amorphous, and crystalline, are given for the first time. The samples were generated via vapour deposition under high vacuum conditions on a cold surface. Density functional theory was employed for the calculations of the infrared (IR) spectra. For lack of previous information, a monoclinic symmetry is suggested for the theoretical crystalline phase of indene, based on the comparison of the calculated and experimental IR spectra. Assignments, based on the calculations, are given for the main indene IR absorptions. The infrared spectra of highly diluted mixtures of indene in amorphous solid water at 10 K are also provided, evidencing that the indene spectrum is not much altered by the water ice environment. These data are expected to be useful for the search of this species in the solid phase in astrophysical environments with the JWST.
With the band strengths obtained in this work, and applying a simple literature model, we find that indene could represent at most 2–5 per cent of the intensity of a weak absorption feature at 3.3 μm recently reported for Elias 16. A column density of (1.5–0.6) × 1016 cm−2 is estimated for indene in the ice mantles of TMC-1. It would correspond to ≈ (2–0.8) × 10−2 of cosmic carbon, which is probably too high for a single small hydrocarbon.
Constraining interacting dark energy models with the halo concentration–mass relation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Yun , Liao Shihong , Zhang Jiajun , Liu Xiangkun , Du Wei 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The interacting dark energy (IDE) model is a promising alternative cosmological model that has the potential to solve the fine-tuning and coincidence problems by considering the interaction between dark matter and dark energy. Previous studies have shown that the energy exchange between the dark sector components in this model can significantly affect the dark matter halo properties. In this study, by utilizing a large set of cosmological N-body simulations, we analyse the redshift evolution of the halo concentration–mass (c–M) relation in the IDE model, and show that the c–M relation is a sensitive proxy of the interaction strength parameter ξ2, especially at lower redshifts. Furthermore, we construct parametrized formulae to quantify the dependence of the c–M relation on ξ2 at redshifts ranging from z = 0 to z = 0.6. Our parametrized formulae provide a useful theoretical tool in constraining ξ2 with the observational c–M relation. As a first attempt, we use the data from X-ray, gravitational lensing, and galaxy rotational curve observations and obtain a tight constraint on ξ2, i.e. ξ2 = 0.071 ± 0.034. Our work demonstrates that the halo c–M relation, which reflects the halo assembly history, is a powerful probe to constrain the IDE model.
The variable stars in the field of NGC 6139: a critical approach to their reddening and membership
Authors: Yepez M A , Arellano Ferro A , Bustos Fierro I , Luna A 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a CCD VI time-series analysis of the globular cluster NGC 6139 and its variable star population. Using the astrometric data available in Gaia-DR3, we performed a membership analysis that enabled the construction of a clean colour–magnitude diagram (CMD). Variable stars in the field of the cluster reported by Gaia-DR3 and newly discovered ones in this paper are classified and their membership is critically evaluated. We report two cluster members RRc (V12, V15) and four SR (V13, V14, V17, V18) not previously detected and assign variable names to V11 and V16 detected by Gaia as they proof to be cluster members. Light curves and periods for non-member Gaia eclipsing binaries, semiregular variables, and newly detected RR Lyrae stars are provided. Fourier decomposition of the light curves of the cluster member RRab and RRc stars leads to the values [Fe/H] = −1.63 dex, and distance of 9.63 ± 0.68 kpc. The Oosterhoff type II nature of the cluster is confirmed. We adopted the mean reddening E(B − V) = 0.786 mag and performed a differential reddening analysis based on the dispersion of the red giant branch. The differential map allowed a mild correction of the CMD.
The Covid-19 app that lasted two weeks: how technology may embody controversial public policies for health care and why we should worry about it
Authors: Pagliari Claudia , Klafke Guilherme Forma , Camelo Ana Paula , da Silveira Victor Doering , Evans Jay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the case of a Brazilian government app (TrateCov) that was deployed for only 2 weeks during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant. TrateCov was intended as a decision support tool to assist health care professionals with the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. After the tool was inadvertently released on a public Web site, it became accessible to anyone with an Internet connection, raising the risk of inappropriate self-management. Moreover, experts and journalists quickly spotted that almost all symptoms entered into the app resulted in a diagnosis of COVID-19, along with a recommendation to use the same ‘Covid kit’ of unproven drugs favored by leading politicians, and in the same doses for adults, children, and pregnant women. The institutional and social backlash was immediate, forcing the Brazilian Ministry of Health to take TrateCov offline. The case illustrates the potential for weak evidence and ideological bias to infiltrate digital health technologies, creating risks for patient safety and diversion of resources, thus emphasizing the importance of good governance at all stages of the innovation lifecycle. The speed of public health crises presents particular challenges for managing this phenomenon, calling for anticipatory steps to avoid such risk as part of responsible pandemic prevention strategies
Just a Catchy Title?
Authors: Legowski Aris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ancient Egypt has widely caused fascination across different time periods and various cultures. Its reception can be traced back to antiquity and has never ceased since. The most recent modern outbursts of “Egyptomania” took place around key events such as the decipherment of the hieroglyphic script in 1822 and the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb a hundred years later. The main difference between the reception of ancient Egypt in general and the Book of the Dead is that, even before the decipherment of the hieroglyphs, the ancient Egyptian visual culture offered many subjects to be referenced in modern culture. As the chapters of the Book of the Dead are one of the most attested sources of the ancient Egyptian language, it is not surprising that they have received a fair amount of attention within the modern resurgence of interest in Egypt known as “Egyptomania.” However, this applies to only a few aspects of the corpus. Nevertheless, this text and its illustrations have experienced some obscure and, in some cases, even unintended reception in Western visual and performing arts (including movies) as well as in belles-lettres which this chapter aims to unravel.
Writing Book of the Dead Manuscripts Tasks and Traditions
Authors: Verhoeven Ursula 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How was a Book of the Dead manuscript ordered and designed? What do we know about the writing techniques and traditions? Who were the scribes and where did they work? Which different Egyptian handwriting systems were used and how did these change throughout time? Answering such questions is difficult because systematic research on the material and manual aspects of writing is still rare until now. This contribution can only deal with some examples and will concentrate on manuscripts which are written in ink on papyrus, mummy bandages, and a few other writing materials. Main subjects are the choice of material and the organization of longer manuscripts, the different habits of producing on personal order or on stock, the question of workshops and master copies, and the role of the scribes as individuals, skilled workers, and also reviewers. Concerning the layout, the various combinations of text lines or columns and large or small vignettes, as well as the writing styles of Hieratic and cursive hieroglyphs and the reading directions of the latter are important aspects within the following contribution.
Production and Layout of New Kingdom Book of the Dead Papyri
Authors: Goelet Ogden 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The standard New Kingdom Books of the Dead dating in the period between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Dynasties were written on normal, uninscribed papyrus rolls that were turned so that the start of the roll was on the scribe’s left. The scribe used two pieces of wood, one of which was a T-square or L-square, to mark off evenly spaced vertical columns for the text and small rectangles for the vignettes. When the script form adopted changed from cursive hieroglyphs to hieratic during the Third Intermediate Period, the layout underwent considerable changes, but the carefully written text always strove for a calligraphically attractive work.
Book of the Dead on TissuesShrouds and Mummy Bandages
Authors: Gasse Annie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Book of the Dead was not only written on papyri, tomb walls, and coffins, but also on other supports, in particular on funerary fabrics. The only fabric used is linen. The first occurrences of Book of the Dead excerpts on fabric appear on shrouds from the very end of the Middle Kingdom (Seventeenth Dynasty) or the very beginning of the New Kingdom. Particularly in later times, mainly between the fourth and the second centuries BCE, mummy bandages were used. Their height varies between about. 10 and 25 centimeters, and the text differs from one piece to another, with Chapters 17 and 18 from the Book of the Dead being the most frequently copied. Other chapters of the Book of the Dead appear, as well as texts that do not traditionally belong to this corpus. Hypocephali, circles of cloth bearing Chapter 162 of the Book of the Dead that were placed under the heads of the deceased, must be added to the shrouds and mummy bandages. Studies of the Book of the Dead on fabric are currently attracting renewed interest, and recent publications are witnessing this. Furthermore, unpublished documents have appeared on the art market and allow us to refine our knowledge on this type of document. Finally, in this article I will discuss the artistic quality of these fabric pieces, which has been ignored until now although they have nothing to envy to the Books of the Dead papyri.
Gods and Demons in the Book of the Dead
Authors: Lucarelli Rita 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this article, the main figures of divine and demonic beings mentioned in the Book of the Dead spells and vignettes are listed and discussed in light of the current studies on the ancient Egyptian funerary religion and beliefs. The function that major and minor deities and supernatural beings play in relation to the deceased, to her/his wish for protection and divine transfiguration in the netherworld will especially be examined. The ontological difference between divine and demonic agency in the ancient Egyptian religion, in particular in relation to the ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead, is also discussed in the final section of the article.
The Book of the Dead as a Source for the Study of Ancient Egyptian ReligionMethodology, Problems, Prospects
Authors: Stadler Martin Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Egyptology uses the Book of the Dead for its research chiefly along four lines: (a) textual criticism to reconstruct a hypothetical archetype, (b) the edition of entire scrolls of the Book of the Dead, sometimes including full translations, but quite often without, (c) in-depth-studies of individual spells or phenomena that appear in a series of spells, and finally (d) as a mine of information for various ideas, concepts, and beliefs in ancient Egyptian religion. Starting with a critical review of these approaches, the chapter endeavors to outline how Egyptologists can fruitfully use the Book of the Dead for the study of Egyptian religion in general. It will also determine the limits of such an approach. By briefly studying the audience of the Book of the Dead—those who wrote, read, and used the Book of the Dead or rather its contents—we can gain insights into the position of the Book of the Dead within the corpus of ancient Egyptian religious texts in general.
The Book of the Dead in the Eighteenth Dynasty
Authors: Munro Irmtraut 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study is based on more than 160 BD sources. Apart from those manuscripts dated through text-external evidence, only text-internal criteria can date the majority of documents. After the first occurrences of Book of the Dead spells in the Thirteenth Dynasty and the Formative Phase, the reign of Hatshepsut/Thutmosis III marks an increase in the number and spread of Book of the Dead manuscripts. The cursive hieroglyphs are predominantly used in retrograde writing, while manuscripts written in hieratic are of minor importance. Two main text sequences are attested in manuscripts of the Formative Phase until the reign of Thutmosis III, but are no longer strictly applied afterward. There is no canon or ideal composition of a Book of the Dead scroll; the selection and arrangement of spells strongly depended on their customers’ wishes and financial means. The transformation spells represent the most popular group of spells and are not absent from any Book of the Dead manuscript; new transformation spells were even created. The Amarna Period saw the suspension of the Book of the Dead production, but it was soon revived and enriched by new spells and newly created solar hymns.
The Ramesside Book of the Dead and the Deir el-Medina Tradition
Authors: Lüscher Barbara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The first part of this chapter deals with some of the general problems in dating and distinguishing different styles and local traditions within the New Kingdom Book of the Dead material, with a special focus on the Ramesside era. The second part is devoted to the special case of Deir el-Medina, where it can be shown that this rather closed community not only developed its own specific iconographic tradition, which is quite obvious in the decorational program of their subterranean burial chambers with mainly Book of the Dead themes, but also a textual one. In other words, the versions of Book of the Dead texts and illustrations found on tomb walls, as well as those on papyri and other items of funerary equipment from Deir el-Medina, differ significantly from comparative versions produced outside this particular community, even within the Theban necropolis. These variants clearly point to a specific editing center for the Book of the Dead in Ramesside Deir el-Medina. Such factors can therefore also provide new criteria for more accurate dating and establishing a provenance for New Kingdom Book of the Dead papyri.
The Book of the Dead in the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods and the Contemporary Funerary Texts
Authors: Kucharek Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the Greco-Roman Period, several hitherto unknown funerary compositions appeared, at first alongside the long-serving Book of the Dead, but increasingly superseding it. A considerable number of individual compositions as well as ritual texts originating in the cult of Osiris are further hallmarks of the funerary literature of the period. Book of the Dead spells and vignettes were occasionally incorporated into these texts. This chapter presents two case studies aimed at illustrating continuities and modifications: the first is an inquiry into the central tenets of mortuary religion, exemplified by the declarations of purpose, passages summarizing the intended effect of a spell. In the second, the judgment of the dead, in both its written and iconographic forms, is traced from its all-important Book of the Dead manifestation in BD 125 and its elaborate vignette to the final allusions on Roman-Period mummy shrouds.