bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merging black holes in dwarf galaxies: calculating binary black hole coalescence time-scales from simulations for LISA detection
Authors: De Cun Victoria I , Bellovary Jillian M , Katz Michael L 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) merging in dwarf galaxies will be detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) in the mid-2030s. Previous cosmological hydrodynamic simulations have shown the prediction of massive BHs merging in dwarf galaxies, but these simulations are limited by their resolution and cannot follow BH pairs all the way to coalescence. We calculate the delay time between BH pairing and merger based on the properties of the BHs and their host galaxies, and use these properties to calculate gravitational wave strains for eleven different binary BHs that merge inside dwarf galaxies from eight cosmological simulations. This delay time calculation accounts for dynamical friction due to gas and stars, loss-cone scattering, and hardening of the binary due to gravitational radiation. Out of the eleven BH mergers in the simulations, five BH pairs will merge within 0.8–8 Gyr of forming a close pair and could be observed by LISA, and the remaining six are unresolved due to resolution limitations of the simulation. As all five of the resolved close pairs merge within a Hubble time, we make the broad estimate that close SMBH pairs in dwarf galaxies will merge and be detectable by LISA, but this estimate depends on either the presence of gas during orbital decay or a solution to the dynamical buoyancy problem in cored potentials.
Restoring cosmological concordance with early dark energy and massive neutrinos?
Authors: Reeves Alexander , Herold Laura , Vagnozzi Sunny , Sherwin Blake D , Ferreira Elisa G M 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The early dark energy (EDE) solution to the Hubble tension comes at the cost of an increased clustering amplitude that has been argued to worsen the fit to galaxy clustering data. We explore whether freeing the total neutrino mass Mν, which can suppress small-scale structure growth, improves EDE’s fit to galaxy clustering. Using Planck Cosmic Microwave Background and BOSS galaxy clustering data, a Bayesian analysis shows that freeing Mν does not appreciably increase the inferred EDE fraction fEDE: we find the 95 per cent C.L. upper limits fEDE &lt; 0.092 and $M_{\nu }\lt 0.15\, {\rm eV}$. Similarly, in a frequentist profile likelihood setting (where our results support previous findings that prior volume effects are important), we find that the baseline EDE model (with $M_{\nu }=0.06\, {\rm eV}$) provides the overall best fit. For instance, compared to baseline EDE, a model with $M_\nu =0.24\, {\rm eV}$ maintains the same H0(km/s/Mpc) = (70.08, 70.11, respectively) whilst decreasing S8 = (0.837, 0.826) to the ΛCDM level, but worsening the fit significantly by Δχ2 = 7.5. For the datasets used, these results are driven not by the clustering amplitude, but by background modifications to the late-time expansion rate due to massive neutrinos, which worsen the fit to measurements of the BAO scale.
Rp attractors static neutron star phenomenology
Authors: Oikonomou Vasilis K 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we study the neutron star phenomenology of Rp attractor theories in the Einstein frame. The Einstein frame Rp attractor theories have the attractor property that they originate from a large class of Jordan frame scalar theories with arbitrary non-minimal coupling. These theories in the Einstein frame provide a viable class of inflationary models, and in this work we investigate their implications on static neutron stars. We numerically solve the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equations in the Einstein frame, for three distinct equations of state, and we provide the mass–radius diagrams for several cases of interest of the Rp attractor theories. We confront the results with several timely constraints on the radii of specific mass neutron stars, and as we show, only a few cases corresponding to specific equations of state pass the stringent tests on neutron stars phenomenology.
NEOROCKS project: surface properties of small near-Earth asteroids
Authors: Hromakina T , Birlan M , Barucci M A , Fulchignoni M , Colas F , Fornasier S , Merlin F , Sonka A , Anghel S , Poggiali G , Belskaya I , Perna D , Dotto E ,   the NEOROCKS team, Dotto E , Banaszkiewicz M , Banchi S , Barucci M A , Bernardi F , Birlan M , Carry B , Cellino A , De Leon J , Lazzarin M , Mazzotta Epifani E , Mediavilla A , Nomen Torres J , Perna D , Perozzi E , Pravec P , Snodgrass C , Teodorescu C , Anghel S , Bertolucci A , Calderini F , Colas F , Del Vigna A , Dell'Oro A , Di Cecco A , Dimare L , Fatka P , Fornasier S , Frattin E , Frosini P , Fulchignoni M , Gabryszewski R , Giardino M , Giunta A , Hromakina T , Huntingford J , Ieva S , Kotlarz J P , La Forgia F , Licandro J , Medeiros H , Merlin F , Pinna F , Polenta G , Popescu M , Rozek A , Scheirich P , Sergeyev A , Sonka A , Valsecchi G B , Wajer P , Zinzi A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present new results of the observing program which is a part of the NEOROCKS project aimed to improve knowledge on physical properties of near-Earth Objects (NEOs) for planetary defense. Photometric observations were performed using the 1.2-m telescope at the Haute-Provence observatory (France) in the BVRI filters of the Johnson–Cousins photometric systems between June 2021 and April 2022. We obtained new surface colours for 42 NEOs. Based on the measured colours, we classified 20 objects as S-complex, nine as C-complex, nine as X-complex, two as D-type, one object as V-type, and one object remained unclassified. For all the observed objects, we estimated their absolute magnitudes and diameters. Combining these new observations with the previously acquired data within the NEOROCKS project extended our data set to 93 objects. The majority of objects in the data set with diameters D &lt; 500 m belongs to a group of silicate bodies, which could be related to observational bias. Based on MOID and ΔV values we selected 14 objects that could be accessible by a spacecraft. Notably, we find D-type asteroid (163014) 2001 UA5 and A-type asteroid 2017 SE19 to be of particular interest as possible space mission targets.
Isolated and dynamical black hole mergers withB-POP: the role of star formation and dynamics, star cluster evolution, natal kicks, mass and spins, and hierarchical mergers
Authors: Arca Sedda Manuel , Mapelli Michela , Benacquista Matthew , Spera Mario 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe current interpretation of LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA data suggests that the primary mass function of merging binary black holes (BBHs) at redshift z ≲ 1 contains multiple structures, while spins are relatively low. Theoretical models of BBH formation in different environments can provide a key to interpreting the population of observed mergers, but they require the simultaneous treatment of stellar evolution and dynamics, galaxy evolution, and general relativity. We present B-POP, a population synthesis tool to model BBH mergers formed in the field or via dynamical interactions in young, globular, and nuclear clusters. Using B-POP, we explore how black hole (BH) formation channels, star cluster evolution, hierarchical mergers, and natal BH properties affect the population of BBH mergers. We find that the primary mass distribution of BBH mergers extends beyond $M_1 \simeq 200\, {}$ M⊙, and the effective spin parameter distribution hints at different natal spins for single and binary BHs. Observed BBHs can be interpreted as members of a mixed population comprised of $\sim 34{{\ \rm per\ cent}} \, {}(66{{\ \rm per\ cent}})$ isolated (dynamical) BBHs, with the latter likely dominating at redshift z &gt; 1. Hierarchical mergers constitute the $4.6\!-\!7.9{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of all mergers in the reference model, dominating the primary mass distribution beyond $M_1 \gt 65\, {}$ M⊙. The inclusion of cluster mass-loss and expansion causes an abrupt decrease in the probability for mergers beyond the third generation to occur. Considering observational biases, we find that $2.7\!-\!7.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of mock mergers involve intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) seeds formed via stellar collisions. Comparing this percentage to observed values will possibly help us to constrain IMBH formation mechanisms.
SN 2018hna: Adding a piece to the puzzles of the explosion of blue supergiants
Authors: Xiang Danfeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Xinghan , Sai Hanna , Zhang Jujia , Brink Thomas G , Filippenko Alexei V , Mo Jun , Zhang Tianmeng , Chen Zhihao , Dessart Luc , Li Zhitong , Yan Shengyu , Blinnikov Sergei I , Rui Liming , Baron E , DerKacy J M 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present extensive optical/ultraviolet observations and modelling analysis for the nearby SN 1987A-like peculiar Type II supernova (SN) 2018hna. Both photometry and spectroscopy covered phases extending to &gt;500 d after the explosion, making it one of the best-observed SN II of this subtype. SN 2018hna is obviously bluer than SN 1987A during the photospheric phase, suggesting higher photospheric temperature, which may account for weaker Ba ii λ6142 lines in its spectra. Analysis of early-time temperature evolution suggests a radius of ∼45 R⊙ for the progenitor of SN 2018hna, consistent with a blue supergiant (BSG). By fitting the bolometric light curve with hydrodynamical models, we find that SN 2018hna has an ejecta mass of ∼(13.7–17.7) M⊙, a kinetic energy of ∼(1.0–1.2) × 1051 erg, and a 56Ni mass of about 0.05 M⊙. Moreover, based on standard stellar evolution and the oxygen mass (0.44–0.73 M⊙) deduced from nebular [O i] lines, the progenitor of SN 2018hna is expected to have an initial main-sequence mass &lt;16 M⊙. In principle, such a relatively low-mass star cannot end as a BSG just before core-collapse, except some unique mechanisms are involved, such as rapid rotation, restricted semiconvection, etc. On the other hand, binary scenario may be more favourable, like in the case of SN 1987A. While the much lower oxygen mass inferred for SN 2018hna may imply that its progenitor system also had much lower initial masses than that of SN 1987A.
Inhibited complete folding of consecutive human telomeric G-quadruplexes
Authors: Kristoffersen Emil Laust , Coletta Andrea , Lund Line Mørkholt , Schiøtt Birgit , Birkedal Victoria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNoncanonical DNA structures, termed G-quadruplexes, are present in human genomic DNA and are important elements in many DNA metabolic processes. Multiple sites in the human genome have G-rich DNA stretches able to support formation of several consecutive G-quadruplexes. One of those sites is the telomeric overhang region that has multiple repeats of TTAGGG and is tightly associated with both cancer and aging. We investigated the folding of consecutive G-quadruplexes in both potassium- and sodium-containing solutions using single-molecule FRET spectroscopy, circular dichroism, thermal melting and molecular dynamics simulations. Our observations show coexistence of partially and fully folded DNA, the latter consisting of consecutive G-quadruplexes. Following the folding process over hours in sodium-containing buffers revealed fast G-quadruplex folding but slow establishment of thermodynamic equilibrium. We find that full consecutive G-quadruplex formation is inhibited by the many DNA structures randomly nucleating on the DNA, some of which are off-path conformations that need to unfold to allow full folding. Our study allows describing consecutive G-quadruplex formation in both nonequilibrium and equilibrium conditions by a unified picture, where, due to the many possible DNA conformations, full folding with consecutive G-quadruplexes as beads on a string is not necessarily achieved.
The enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliinsertion sequence-excision enhancer protein is a DNA polymerase with microhomology-mediated end-joining activity
Authors: Calvo Patricia A , Mateo-Cáceres Víctor , Díaz-Arco Silvia , Redrejo-Rodríguez Modesto , de Vega Miguel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacterial genomes contain an abundance of transposable insertion sequence (IS) elements that are essential for genome evolution and fitness. Among them, IS629 is present in most strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 and accounts for many polymorphisms associated with gene inactivation and/or genomic deletions. The excision of IS629 from the genome is promoted by IS-excision enhancer (IEE) protein. Despite IEE has been identified in the most pathogenic serotypes of E. coli, its biochemical features that could explain its role in IS excision are not yet understood. We show that IEE is present in &gt;30% of all available E. coli genome assemblies, and is highly conserved and very abundant within enterohemorrhagic, enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic genomes. In vitro analysis of the recombinant protein from E. coli O157:H7 revealed the presence of a Mn2+-dependent error-prone DNA polymerase activity in its N-terminal archaeo-eukaryotic primase (AEP) domain able to promote dislocations of the primer and template strands. Importantly, IEE could efficiently perform in vitro an end-joining reaction of 3’-single-strand DNA overhangs with ≥4 bp of homology requiring both the N-terminal AEP and C-terminal helicase domains. The proposed role for IEE in the novel IS excision mechanism is discussed.
Key transcription factors influence the epigenetic landscape to regulate retinal cell differentiation
Authors: Ge Yichen , Chen Xushen , Nan Nan , Bard Jonathan , Wu Fuguo , Yergeau Donald , Liu Tao , Wang Jie , Mu Xiuqian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow the diverse neural cell types emerge from multipotent neural progenitor cells during central nervous system development remains poorly understood. Recent scRNA-seq studies have delineated the developmental trajectories of individual neural cell types in many neural systems including the neural retina. Further understanding of the formation of neural cell diversity requires knowledge about how the epigenetic landscape shifts along individual cell lineages and how key transcription factors regulate these changes. In this study, we dissect the changes in the epigenetic landscape during early retinal cell differentiation by scATAC-seq and identify globally the enhancers, enriched motifs, and potential interacting transcription factors underlying the cell state/type specific gene expression in individual lineages. Using CUT&Tag, we further identify the enhancers bound directly by four key transcription factors, Otx2, Atoh7, Pou4f2 and Isl1, including those dependent on Atoh7, and uncover the sequential and combinatorial interactions of these factors with the epigenetic landscape to control gene expression along individual retinal cell lineages such as retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Our results reveal a general paradigm in which transcription factors collaborate and compete to regulate the emergence of distinct retinal cell types such as RGCs from multipotent retinal progenitor cells (RPCs).
Cryptochromes suppress leaf senescence in response to blue light in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kozuka Toshiaki , Oka Yoshito , Kohzuma Kaori , Kusaba Makoto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe induction and progression of leaf senescence are effectively changed according to the light environment. The leaf senescence response is enhanced when plants are grown under a dense shade cast by neighboring vegetation. Although the fluence rate of the red and blue regions in the light spectrum is strongly attenuated under shade, photosensory mechanisms that underpin the blue light response are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed leaf senescence in response to blue light in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that leaf senescence was promoted by the elimination of active phytochrome Pfr by pulsed far-red (FR) light, whereas irradiation with blue light suppressed leaf senescence in the wild type but not in the cryptochrome (CRY)-deficient mutant, cry1 cry2. Hence, two light-sensing modes contributed to the suppression of leaf senescence that was dependent on light spectrum features. First was the leaf senescence response to blue light, which was mediated exclusively by cryptochromes. Second was the phytochrome-mediated leaf senescence response to red/FR light. Physiological analysis of transgenic plants expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged CRY2 revealed that photo-activation of cryptochromes was required to suppress leaf senescence in response to blue light. Transcriptomic analysis further uncovered the molecular and cellular processes involved in the regulation of leaf senescence downstream of cryptochromes. Furthermore, analysis of cryptochrome-downstream components indicated that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) 4 and PIF5 were required for suppression and promotion of leaf senescence, respectively.
Natural overexpression of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4 in tomato alters carotenoid flux
Authors: Yoo Hee Ju , Chung Mi-Young , Lee Hyun-Ah , Lee Soo-Bin , Grandillo Silvana , Giovannoni James J , Lee Je Min 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Carotenoids and apocarotenoids function as pigments and flavor volatiles in plants that enhance consumer appeal and offer health benefits. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.) fruit, especially those of wild species, exhibit a high degree of natural variation in carotenoid and apocarotenoid contents. Using positional cloning and an introgression line (IL) of Solanum habrochaites “LA1777', IL8A, we identified carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) as the factor responsible for controlling the dark orange fruit color. CCD4b expression in ripe fruit of IL8A plants was ∼8,000 times greater than that in the wild type, presumably due to 5′ cis-regulatory changes. The ShCCD4b-GFP fusion protein localized in the plastid. Phytoene, ζ-carotene, and neurosporene levels increased in ShCCD4b-overexpressing ripe fruit, whereas trans-lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein levels were reduced, suggestive of feedback regulation in the carotenoid pathway by an unknown apocarotenoid. Solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed increased levels of geranylacetone and β-ionone in ShCCD4b-overexpressing ripe fruit coupled with a β-cyclocitral deficiency. In carotenoid-accumulating Escherichia coli strains, ShCCD4b cleaved both ζ-carotene and β-carotene at the C9–C10 (C9′–C10′) positions to produce geranylacetone and β-ionone, respectively. Exogenous β-cyclocitral decreased carotenoid synthesis in the ripening fruit of tomato and pepper (Capsicum annuum), suggesting feedback inhibition in the pathway. Our findings will be helpful for enhancing the aesthetic and nutritional value of tomato and for understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid and apocarotenoid biogenesis.
Toward the Identification of Distinct Phenotypes: Research Protocol for the Low Back Pain Biological, Biomechanical, and Behavioral (LB3P) Cohort Study and the BACPAC Mechanistic Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh
Authors: Vo Nam V , Piva Sara R , Patterson Charity G , McKernan Gina P , Zhou Leming , Bell Kevin M , Anderst William , Greco Carol M , Schneider Michael J , Delitto Anthony , Dicianno Brad E , Darwin Jessa , Sowa Gwendolyn A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs a member of the Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC), the University of Pittsburgh Mechanistic Research Center's research goal is to phenotype chronic low back pain using biological, biomechanical, and behavioral domains using a prospective, observational cohort study. Data will be collected from 1,000 participants with chronic low back pain according to BACPAC-wide harmonized and study-specific protocols. Participation lasts 12 months with one required in person baseline visit, an optional second in person visit for advanced biomechanical assessment, and electronic follow ups at months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 to assess low back pain status and response to prescribed treatments. Behavioral data analysis includes a battery of patient-reported outcomes, social determinants of health, quantitative sensory testing, and physical activity. Biological data analysis includes omics generated from blood, saliva, and spine tissue. Biomechanical data analysis includes a physical examination, lumbopelvic kinematics, and intervertebral kinematics. The statistical analysis includes traditional unsupervised machine learning approaches to categorize participants into groups and determine the variables that differentiate patients. Additional analysis includes the creation of a series of decision rules based on baseline measures and treatment pathways as inputs to predict clinical outcomes. The characteristics identified will contribute to future studies to assist clinicians in designing a personalized, optimal treatment approach for each patient.
The Polls—Trends
Authors: Kudrnáč Aleš , Petrúšek Ivan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncome redistribution and changes in redistributive policies are highly contested issues that often have a bearing on societal debate and electoral competition. Using European Social Survey data, we trace trends in public attitudes toward income redistribution in 18 European countries from 2002 to 2019, a time period which included the Great Recession, the 2015 migrant crisis, and an increase in income inequality. Although attitudes toward income redistribution were relatively stable, trends presented by countries grouped by welfare regime display considerable variation both among countries and among welfare regimes. We also trace trends in public support for redistribution by income groups and gauge the strength of belief in meritocracy and egalitarianism. The level of redistribution support among middle-income residents is similar to redistribution support of low-income residents, most notably in post-communist and social-democratic regimes. While egalitarianism is most widespread in the Mediterranean regime, meritocracy is most common in liberal and conservative regimes.
Digital Administrative Burdens: An Agenda for Analyzing the Citizen Experience of Digital Bureaucratic Encounters
Authors: Peeters Rik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInnovations in digital government are changing state–citizen interactions. While often seen as means to increase government efficiency and reduce compliance costs for citizens, a growing body of literature suggests citizens may also experience administrative burdens in such interactions. This article aims to provide some cohesion to the existing research and makes three specific contributions. First, it carves out a conceptual common ground by identifying digital administrative burdens and digital bureaucratic encounters as specific objects of study. Second, automated administrative decision making, digital interactions, and data-assisted decision making are identified as contemporary practices of particular relevance for future studies on the intersection of digital government and administrative burden. Studies suggest learning costs and psychological costs may be especially prevalent in digital bureaucratic encounters and that they often have distributive effects. Third, the article concludes with the formulation of several research themes for the further development of the field.
Extended delta-map: A map-based foreground removal method for CMB polarization observations
Authors: Minami Yuto , Ichiki Kiyotomo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to extract information about inflationary gravitational waves using B-mode patterns of cosmic microwave polarization anisotropy, we need to remove the foreground radiation from the Milky Way. In our previous delta-map method for foreground removal, the number of observation bands was limited to the number of parameters of the assumed foreground model, and therefore it was difficult to improve the sensitivity by increasing the number of observation bands. Here, we extend the previous method so that it can be adapted to an arbitrary number of observation bands. Using parametric likelihood and realistic foreground and CMB simulations, we show that our method can increase the sensitivity to the tensor-to-scalar ratio r without inducing any significant bias.