bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative vascular heterogeneity based on dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI in predicting spatial pattern of locally recurrent high-grade gliomas
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Zeng Linlan , Wu Hao , Tian Jing , Xie Huan , Zhang Letian , Ran Qisheng , Zhong Peng , Chen Lizhao , Yi Liang , Wang Shunan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate if spatial recurrence pattern is associated with patient prognosis, and whether MRI vascular habitats can predict spatial pattern.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 69 patients with locally recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGGs) were included. The cohort was divided into intra-resection cavity recurrence (ICR) and extra-resection cavity recurrence (ECR) patterns, according to the distance between the location of the recurrent tumor and the resection cavity or surgical region. Four vascular habitats, high angiogenic tumor, low angiogenic tumor, infiltrated peripheral edema, and vasogenic peripheral edema, were segmented and vascular heterogeneity parameters were analyzed. The survival and diagnostic performance under different spatial recurrence patterns were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and ROC. A nomogram model was constructed by regression analysis and validated by bootstrapping technique.

Results
Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were longer for ICR (n = 32) than those for ECR (n = 37) (median PFS: 8 vs. 5 months, median OS: 17 vs. 13 months, p < 0.05). MRI vascular habitat analyses showed ECR had higher median relative cerebral blood volume (rCBVmedian) at each habitat than ICR (all p < 0.01). The rCBVmedian at IPE had good diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.727, 95%CI: 0.607, 0.828). The AUC of the nomogram based on MRI vascular habitats and clinical factors was 0.834 (95%CI: 0.726, 0.913) and was confirmed as 0.833 (95%CI: 0.830, 0.836) by bootstrapping validation.

Conclusions
The spatial pattern of locally recurrent HGGs is associated with prognosis. MRI vascular heterogeneity parameter could be used as a non-invasive imaging marker to predict spatial recurrence pattern.

Clinical relevance statement
Vascular heterogeneity parameters based on MRI vascular habitat analyses can non-invasively predict the spatial patterns of locally recurrent high-grade gliomas, providing a new diagnostic basis for clinicians to develop the extent of surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy planning.

Key Points
• Intra-resection cavity pattern was associated with longer progression-free survival and overall survival in locally recurrent high-grade gliomas.
• Higher vascular heterogeneities in extra-resection cavity recurrence than in intra-resection cavity recurrence and the vascular heterogeneity parameters had good diagnostic performance in discriminating spatial recurrence pattern.
• A nomogram model based on MRI vascular habitats and clinical factors had good performance in predicting spatial recurrence pattern.
Barriers and facilitators of artificial intelligence conception and implementation for breast imaging diagnosis in clinical practice: a scoping review
Authors: Lokaj Belinda , Pugliese Marie-Thérèse , Kinkel Karen , Lovis Christian , Schmid Jérôme 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Although artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated promise in enhancing breast cancer diagnosis, the implementation of AI algorithms in clinical practice encounters various barriers. This scoping review aims to identify these barriers and facilitators to highlight key considerations for developing and implementing AI solutions in breast cancer imaging.

Method
A literature search was conducted from 2012 to 2022 in six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL, Embase, IEEE, and ArXiv). The articles were included if some barriers and/or facilitators in the conception or implementation of AI in breast clinical imaging were described. We excluded research only focusing on performance, or with data not acquired in a clinical radiology setup and not involving real patients.

Results
A total of 107 articles were included. We identified six major barriers related to data (B1), black box and trust (B2), algorithms and conception (B3), evaluation and validation (B4), legal, ethical, and economic issues (B5), and education (B6), and five major facilitators covering data (F1), clinical impact (F2), algorithms and conception (F3), evaluation and validation (F4), and education (F5).

Conclusion
This scoping review highlighted the need to carefully design, deploy, and evaluate AI solutions in clinical practice, involving all stakeholders to yield improvement in healthcare.

Clinical relevance statement
The identification of barriers and facilitators with suggested solutions can guide and inform future research, and stakeholders to improve the design and implementation of AI for breast cancer detection in clinical practice.

Key Points
• Six major identified barriers were related to data; black-box and trust; algorithms and conception; evaluation and validation; legal, ethical, and economic issues; and education.
• Five major identified facilitators were related to data, clinical impact, algorithms and conception, evaluation and validation, and education.
• Coordinated implication of all stakeholders is required to improve breast cancer diagnosis with AI.
A radiomics-based interpretable model to predict the pathological grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Ye Jing-Yuan , Fang Peng , Peng Zhen-Peng , Huang Xi-Tai , Xie Jin-Zhao , Yin Xiao-Yu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To develop a computed tomography (CT) radiomics-based interpretable machine learning (ML) model to predict the pathological grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) in a non-invasive manner.

Methods
Patients with pNETs who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal CT between 2010 and 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Radiomics features were extracted, and five radiomics-based ML models, namely logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), XGBoost, and GaussianNB, were developed. The performance of these models was evaluated using a time-independent testing set, and metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. The accuracy of the radiomics model was compared to that of needle biopsy. The Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) tool and the correlation between radiomics and biological features were employed to explore the interpretability of the model.

Results
A total of 122 patients (mean age: 50 ± 14 years; 53 male) were included in the training set, whereas 100 patients (mean age: 48 ± 13 years; 50 male) were included in the testing set. The AUCs for LR, SVM, RF, XGBoost, and GaussianNB were 0.758, 0.742, 0.779, 0.744, and 0.745, respectively, with corresponding accuracies of 73.0%, 70.0%, 77.0%, 71.9%, and 72.9%. The SHAP tool identified two features of the venous phase as the most significant, which showed significant differences among the Ki-67 index or mitotic count subgroups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
An interpretable radiomics-based RF model can effectively differentiate between G1 and G2/3 of pNETs, demonstrating favorable interpretability.

Clinical relevance statement
The radiomics-based interpretable model developed in this study has significant clinical relevance as it offers a non-invasive method for assessing the pathological grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and holds promise as an important complementary tool to traditional tissue biopsy.

Key Points
• A radiomics-based interpretable model was developed to predict the pathological grade of pNETs and compared with preoperative needle biopsy in terms of accuracy.
• The model, based on CT radiomics, demonstrated favorable interpretability.
• The radiomics model holds potential as a valuable complementary technique to preoperative needle biopsy; however, it should not be considered a replacement for biopsy.
Tomato lipidic extract plus selenium decrease prostatic hyperplasia, dihydrotestosterone and androgen receptor expression versus finasteride in rats
Authors: Arias-Chávez David Julian , Mailloux-Salinas Patrick , Ledesma-Aparicio Jessica , Campos-Pérez Elihu , Medina-Campos Omar Noel , Pedraza-Chaverri José , Bravo Guadalupe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluate the therapeutic effect of a tomato lipidic extract (STE) in combination with selenium (Se) on rats with prostatic hyperplasia (PH) and to observe its possible mechanisms of action and synergism versus finasteride.

Materials and methods
54 male Wistar rats of nine weeks old were divided in Control (C), PH, Finasteride (F), STE, Se, F + STE, F + Se, STE + Se and F + STE + Se with testosterone enanthate (except C). After 4 weeks of treatment administration, prostate weight, bladder weight, diuresis, prooxidant and antioxidant activity, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androgen receptor (AR) expression and anatomopathological analysis were determined.

Results
STE + Se decreased prostate weight 53.8% versus 28% in F group, also STE + Se decreased significatively glandular hyperplasia, prooxidant activity, DHT and AR expression and increased diuresis and antioxidant activity versus finasteride which increased MDA in prostate.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate a greater therapeutic and beneficial effect of tomato lipidic extract in combination with Se in young rats with PH with respect to finasteride without increase prooxidant activity.
The seasons within: a theoretical perspective on photoperiodic entrainment and encoding
Authors: Schmal Christoph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCircadian clocks are internal timing devices that have evolved as an adaption to the omnipresent natural 24 h rhythmicity of daylight intensity. Properties of the circadian system are photoperiod dependent. The phase of entrainment varies systematically with season. Plastic photoperiod-dependent re-arrangements in the mammalian circadian core pacemaker yield an internal representation of season. Output pathways of the circadian clock regulate photoperiodic responses such as flowering time in plants or hibernation in mammals. Here, we review the concepts of seasonal entrainment and photoperiodic encoding. We introduce conceptual phase oscillator models as their high level of abstraction, but, yet, intuitive interpretation of underlying parameters allows for a straightforward analysis of principles that determine entrainment characteristics. Results from this class of models are related and discussed in the context of more complex conceptual amplitude–phase oscillators as well as contextual molecular models that take into account organism, tissue, and cell-type-specific details.
The 2021 Atlantic Niño and Benguela Niño Events: external forcings and air–sea interactions
Authors: Illig Serena , Bachèlery Marie-Lou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the extreme Atlantic and Benguela Niño events that occurred during the boreal spring–summer of 2021. We conducted sensitivity experiments with a regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model of the tropical Atlantic to investigate the phenology of these interannual events, unravel their triggering mechanisms, and quantify the contributions of local and remote processes. The results revealed that both the 2021 Atlantic and Benguela Niños were triggered by anomalous atmospheric fluxes at the model southern boundary (32° S), leading to a significant and persistent weakening of the South Atlantic Anticyclone. The associated poleward anomalous coastal wind off Africa reduced coastal upwelling and evaporation south of 15° S, initiating the Benguela Niño. Then, the relaxation of the equatorial trade winds forced a downwelling equatorial Kelvin wave, which warmed the eastern equatorial region, marking the onset of the Atlantic Niño. The equatorial event reached full maturity in July 2021 through ENSO-like air-sea interactions in the equatorial basin, enhanced by the atmospheric connection associated with low-level winds converging toward the distant coastal warming. While air–sea interactions in the tropical Atlantic acted as a negative feedback for the coastal warming, the ocean connection with the equatorial variability through the propagation of equatorially-forced downwelling coastal waves intensified the coastal warming, peaking end of May 2021. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of Atlantic and Benguela Niños, emphasizing the interconnectedness between these two systems. This has important implications for improving Earth system models which currently struggle to simulate these extreme events.
Availability and accessibility of services to address financial toxicity described by Australian lung cancer patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Chung Holly , Hyatt Amelia , Kosmider Suzanne , Webber Kate , Krishnasamy Meinir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although the financial burden and impact of a cancer diagnosis has been widely described in international literature, less understood is the availability and accessibility of services to ameliorate this need. This study reports the experiences of Australian lung cancer patients and health professionals delivering care, regarding factors that exacerbate and mitigate financial stress, and availability and accessibility of services to support people following a cancer diagnosis.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews with twenty-three lung cancer patients attending two metropolitan tertiary health services and eleven health professionals delivering care were undertaken during July–August 2021.

Results
Neither health service systematically screened for financial toxicity nor routinely provided information regarding potential financial impacts during consultations. Patients experienced lengthy delays in accessing welfare supports, provoking financial stress and worry. Health professionals reported limited resources and referral services to support patients with financial need; this was especially problematic for patients with lung cancer. They described its psychological impact on patients and their family members or carers and warned of its impact on ability to adhere to treatment.

Conclusion
Available and accessibility of services addressing financial toxicity in Australian lung cancer patients is inadequate. Although financial stress is a common, distressing problem, health professionals feel hampered in their ability to help due to limited service availability. Left unaddressed, financial toxicity can impact treatment adherence, directly influencing health outcomes, and increase risk of poverty, amplifying social inequities. Findings highlight opportunity for actionable interventions like financial consent and routine screening and discussion of financial toxicity across care pathways.
Quality of referrals to specialist palliative care and remote patient triage — a cross-sectional study
Authors: Grądalski Tomasz , Kochan Krystyna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Choosing the optimal moment for admission to palliative care remains a serious challenge, as it requires a systematic identification of persons with supportive care needs. Despite the screening tools available for referring physicians, revealing the essential information for preliminary admission triage is crucial for an undisturbed qualification process. The study was aimed at analysing the eligibility criteria for specialist palliative care disclosed within provided referrals, expanded when necessary by documentation and/or interview.

Methods
Referral forms with the documentation of 300 patients consecutively referred to the non-profit in-patient ward and home-care team in Poland were analysed in light of prognosis, phase of the disease and supportive needs.

Results
Half of the referrals had the sufficient information to make a justified preliminary qualification based solely on the delivered documentation. The majority lacked performance status or expected prognosis. Where some information was revealed, two-thirds were in a progressing phase of the disease, with a within-weeks life prognosis. In 53.7%, no particular reason for admission was given. Social problems were signalled as the only reason for the admission in 7.7%. Twenty-eight percent were labelled as “urgent”; however, 52.4% of them were triaged as “stable” or disqualified. Patients referred to a hospice ward received complete referral forms more often, containing all necessary information.

Conclusions
General physicians need practical tips to facilitate timely referrals and unburden the overloaded specialist palliative care. Dedicated referral forms extended by a checklist of typical patients’ concerns should be disseminated for better use of these resources.
Eco-friendly voltammetric platform for trace metal determination using a conductive polymer sensor modified with bismuth nanoparticles generated by spark discharge
Authors: Karapa Alexandra , Kokkinos Christos , Fielden Peter R. , Baldock Sara J. , Goddard Nickolas J. , Economou Anastasios , Prodromidis Mamas I. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract The fabrication of a low-cost eco-friendly sensor platform for the voltammetric determination of trace metals by electrochemical stripping analysis is reported. Plastic conductive electrodes were manufactured via injection moulding from polysterene reinforced with carbon fibres. The platform comprises a carbon counter electrode, a working electrode modified with bismuth nanoparticles generated by spark discharge and a reference electrode coated with AgCl. The sensor fabrication and modification procedures are simple, cost-effective and fast while the materials used are environment-friendly. The utility of the voltammetric platform is demonstrated for stripping analysis of Cd(II) and Pb(II); the limits of detection are 0.7 μg L−1 and 0.6 μg L−1, respectively (with a deposition time of 240 s) which are comparable to conventional Bi-modified sensors and are sufficient to determine the target metals in water and food samples. The scope of the analytical platform for multi-element assays and for the determination of other trace metals is discussed with representative examples. Therefore, this sustainable and economical platform holds great potential for electrochemical sensing of trace metals.
Graphical abstract
Iterative geostatistical electrical resistivity tomography inversion
Authors: Pereira João Lino , Gómez-Hernández J. Jaime , Zanini Andrea , Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Azevedo Leonardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a geophysical method used to create an image of the subsurface due to its sensitivity to porosity, water saturation, and pore fluid salinity. This geophysical method has been widely applied in the investigation of mineral and groundwater resources, as well as in archaeological, environmental, and engineering studies. The prediction of subsurface properties, such as electrical conductivity, from measured ERT data requires solving a challenging geophysical inversion problem. This work proposes an iterative geostatistical resistivity inversion method using stochastic sequential simulation and co-simulation as stochastic model perturbation and update techniques. Electrical resistivity models are generated conditioned to a target histogram, often retrieved from available resistivity borehole data, and assuming a spatial continuity pattern described by a variogram model. From the electrical resistivity models, a finite-volume approximation of Poisson’s equation is used to compute synthetic ERT data. The misfit between predicted and observed data drives the convergence of an iterative procedure and conditions the co-simulation of new models in the subsequent iterations. This methodology is applied to a two-dimensional synthetic case, and a set of two-dimensional profiles obtained from an ERT survey carried out in southern Portugal. In both application examples, the final models predict ERT data that match the observed ones while reproducing borehole data and imposed variogram models. The results obtained in both data sets are compared against a commercial deterministic ERT inversion methodology, showing the ability of the proposed method to model small-scale variability and assess spatial uncertainty.
Overground walking while using a virtual reality head mounted display increases variability in trunk kinematics and reduces dynamic balance in young adults
Authors: Horsak Brian , Simonlehner Mark , Dumphart Bernhard , Siragy Tarique 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study analyzed the effects of walking freely in virtual reality (VR) compared to walking in the real-world on dynamic balance and postural control. For this purpose, nine male and twelve female healthy participants underwent standard 3D gait analysis while walking randomly in a real laboratory and in a room-scale overground VR environment resembling the real laboratory. The VR was delivered to participants by a head-mounted-display which was operated wirelessly and calibrated to the real-world. Dynamic balance and postural control were assessed with (1) the margin of stability (MOS) in the anteroposterior (AP-MOS) and mediolateral (ML-MOS) directions at initial-contact, (2) the relationship between the mediolateral center of mass (COM) position and acceleration at mid-stance with subsequent step width, (3) and trunk kinematics during the entire gait cycle. We observed increased mediolateral (ML) trunk linear velocity variability, an increased coupling of the COM position and acceleration with subsequent step width, and a decrease in AP-MOS while walking in VR but no change in ML-MOS when walking in VR. Our findings suggest that walking in VR may result in a less reliable optical flow, indicated by increased mediolateral trunk kinematic variability, which seems to be compensated by the participants by slightly reweighing sensorimotor input and thereby consciously tightening the coupling between the COM and foot placement to avoid a loss of balance. Our results are particularly valuable for future developers who want to use VR to support gait analysis and rehabilitation.