bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding Human Biology and Disease Using Single-Cell Omics Technologies
Authors: Shi Qiang , Chen Xueyan , Zhang Zemin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in single-cell omics (SCO) technologies have enabled the investigation of cellular heterogeneity at an unprecedented resolution and scale, opening a new avenue for understanding human biology and disease. In this review, we summarize the developments of sequencing-based SCO technologies and computational methods, and focus on considerable insights acquired from SCO sequencing studies to understand normal and diseased properties, with a particular emphasis on cancer research. We also discuss the technological improvements of SCO and its possible contribution to fundamental research of the human, as well as its great potential in clinical diagnoses and personalized therapies of human disease.
One Step Closer to Zero Chemical Pollution: The Legal Adoption and Implications of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Restriction Proposal
Authors: Obolevich Viktoria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the legal adoption and possible implications of the proposed per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) restriction. In the case of PFAS, this restriction puts value on the regulatory efforts to implement far-reaching and ambitious targets amid a high level of scientific uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to present a report rather than conducting an in-depth analysis of the mentioned field. Overall, the paper argues that such a daring decision might be justified by the precautionary principle. However, the implementation might raise opposition from the stakeholders’ side and might take longer than initially anticipated, most likely with additional derogations concerning essential goods that do not currently have safe alternatives.
Liberalism versus Liberalism: An Analysis of Muslim-American Amicus Curiae Arguments Concerning Complicity-Based Conscience Claims
Authors: Bajwa Kamran S. , Miller Samuel E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2015, Douglas NeJaime and Reva Siegel identified complicity-based conscience claims as a subcategory of religious liberty claims, which feature objections to generally applicable laws based on religious convictions that harm third parties. Here, we observe that Muslim-Americans have filed or joined amicus curiae briefs in support of litigants on both sides of the recent complicity-based conscience cases of Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado (2018), Bostock v. Clayton County (2020), and Fulton v. City of Philadelphia (2021). This divergence of legal views within the Muslim-American community points to a broader rift in society generally toward issues involving the navigation of identity and faith in the context of American liberalism. In this article, we show that opposing arguments by Muslim-Americans in these complicity-based conscience cases presuppose two different conceptions of liberalism: (1) liberalism as the pursuit of broad religious, cultural, and value pluralism (modus vivendi), and (2) liberalism as the pursuit of social cohesion, assimilation, and fraternité among diverse constituencies (vivre ensemble). Muslim-Americans who advance a modus vivendi vision of liberalism base their arguments mainly on the view that Islam and other minority religions involve specific beliefs, doctrines, and moral injunctions regarding, inter alia, rules of personal conduct in society that deserve distinctive legal protections. Muslim-Americans who support a vivre ensemble conception of liberalism prioritize the uniform enforcement of civil rights laws over religion-based objections and, in doing so, seek an overlapping consensus between their beliefs and prevailing conceptions of expansive civil liberties.
The code of the streets in Beijing: Style-shifting and changing personae in the performance of Beijing male rappers
Authors: Wang Tianxiao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study explores the link between stylized forms of language and the construction of social identities in performance in the Beijing hip hop community. It focuses on the indexical process by which rappers rely on existing characterological figures and local linguistic variables in Beijing Mandarin (i.e. rhotacized syllable finals, lenited retroflexes, interdentalized dental sibilants, and fronted palatals) to construct hip hop affiliated identities. A variationist analysis provides evidence of style-shifting between two generations of Beijing male rappers, who employ these socially salient linguistic features to different degrees, but always in a semiotically coherent package, in their performance. The analysis further demonstrates how the rappers maintain street credibility through a cultural alignment between hip hop and local social types. By examining the indexicality of these variables, the study highlights the interplay of hip hop ideology, local linguistic features, and local social types in stylistic practices and personae construction. (Hip hop, indexicality, iconicity, performance, Mandarin Chinese)*
Exploring the Access and Use of Social Technologies by Older Adults in Support of Their Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review
Authors: DesChâtelets Joelle R. , Khowaja Asif R. , Mechelse Kristin , Koning Henriette , Ventresca Dominic 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdowns disproportionately affect older people where most suffer from social isolation and loneliness, which translate into higher rates of depression and anxiety. This study aimed to explore the accessibility, outcomes, and challenges of social technology use among community-dwelling older adults, older adults in long-term care, older adults with neurocognitive disorder, and older adults with pre-frailty and frailty, to help guide future research in this area. A rapid review was conducted, and articles were retrieved from four online databases, including Medline, AgeLine, EconLit and CINAHL, and grey literature from Google Scholar. Of the 131 articles retrieved, 24 were included in this review. The positive outcomes of social technology use include improved mental and physical health, reduced health disparities, and increased autonomy. Adverse outcomes include furthering the digital divide. More research surrounding the economic impacts of social technologies is warranted.
‘A more human approach … I haven’t found that really’: experiences of hoarding difficulties and seeking help
Authors: McGrath Megan , Russell Amy M. , Masterson Ciara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and aims:People with hoarding behaviours often struggle to engage in treatment. This study aimed to explore the experiences of a sample of people who identify as engaging in hoarding behaviours and who are seeking support. Exploring motivation to seek help, the barriers those who hoard face in accessing support and what facilitates accepting help, can aid understanding of how best to intervene.Method:Eight individuals who self-identified as seeking help in relation to hoarding behaviours were recruited via social media and support groups. Interviews were conducted by telephone or video call, before being transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results:Participants described complex help-seeking narratives and reported continued ambivalence about addressing their hoarding behaviours. The four group experiential themes identified were Wrestling with identity; Who can I trust?; Services don’t fit; and Being overlooked: ‘they’re too busy looking at the thing, not the person’. Difficulties trusting others and services were identified; services were experienced as rejecting and many participants sought help for problems other than their hoarding. Problems accessing appropriate help for hoarding were predominant in the narratives, although participants who had accessed peer support described this as valuable.Conclusions:There are both internal (e.g. fear of judgement; feeling overwhelmed) and external (e.g. service gaps) barriers that make finding useful help for hoarding behaviours very difficult. Services may facilitate those seeking help by taking a compassionate and person-centred approach to hoarding problems.
Observation of the Aerosol Plume From the 2022 Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha'apai Eruption With SAGE III/ISS
Authors: Duchamp Clair , Wrana Felix , Legras Bernard , Sellitto Pasquale , Belhadji Redha , von Savigny Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Tonga eruption of 15 January 2022 has released a long‐lived stratospheric plume of sulfate aerosols. More than 17 months after, we focus on the high quality data series of SAGE III (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) on board the International Space Station (ISS) to determine the mean radius and size distribution of the aerosols and their total mass. The persisting volcanic aerosols—with a mode width of 1.25 and an effective radius of 0.4 μm—differ from the significantly smaller background aerosols and from those measured during recent stratospheric eruptions. The sulfuric acid mass between 50°S and 30°N is estimated to be very stable in spite of considerable redistribution in latitude at a value of 0.66 ± 0.1 Tg, corresponding to an initial sulfur dioxide emission of 0.44 Tg. Such properties are expected to facilitate the persistence of a climate warming due to the volcanic water vapor.
Drivers of δ18O Variability Preserved in Ice Cores From Earth's Highest Tropical Mountain
Authors: Weber A. M. , Thompson L. G. , Davis M. , Mosley‐Thompson E. , Beaudon E. , Kenny D. , Lin P.‐N. , Sierra‐Hernández R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2019, four ice cores were recovered from the world's highest tropical mountain, Nevado Huascarán (Cordillera Blanca, Peru; 9.11°S, 77.61°W). Composite hydroclimate records of the two Col cores (6,050 masl) and the two Summit cores (6,768 masl) are compared to gridded gauge‐analysis and reanalysis climate data for the most recent 60‐year. Spatiotemporal correlation analyses suggest that the ice core oxygen stable isotope (δ18O) record largely reflects tropical Pacific climate variability, particularly in the NINO3.4 region. By extension, the δ18O record is strongly related to rainfall over the Amazon Basin, as teleconnections between the El Niño Southern Oscillation and hydrological behavior are the main drivers of the fractionation of water isotopes. However, on a local scale, modulation of the stable water isotopes appears to be more closely governed by upper atmospheric temperatures than by rainfall amount. Over the last 60 years, the statistical significance of the climate/δ18O relationship has been increasing contemporaneously with the atmospheric and oceanic warming rates and shifts in the Walker circulation. Isotopic records from the Summit appear to be more sensitive to large‐scale temperature changes than the records from the Col. These results may have substantial implications for modeling studies of the behavior of water isotopes at high elevations in the tropical Andes.
US drinking water quality: exposure risk profiles for seven legacy and emerging contaminants
Authors: Levin Ronnie , Villanueva Cristina M. , Beene Daniel , Cradock Angie L. , Donat-Vargas Carolina , Lewis Johnnye , Martinez-Morata Irene , Minovi Darya , Nigra Anne E. , Olson Erik D. , Schaider Laurel A. , Ward Mary H. , Deziel Nicole C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Advances in drinking water infrastructure and treatment throughout the 20th and early 21st century dramatically improved water reliability and quality in the United States (US) and other parts of the world. However, numerous chemical contaminants from a range of anthropogenic and natural sources continue to pose chronic health concerns, even in countries with established drinking water regulations, such as the US.

Objective/Methods
In this review, we summarize exposure risk profiles and health effects for seven legacy and emerging drinking water contaminants or contaminant groups: arsenic, disinfection by-products, fracking-related substances, lead, nitrate, per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) and uranium. We begin with an overview of US public water systems, and US and global drinking water regulation. We end with a summary of cross-cutting challenges that burden US drinking water systems: aging and deteriorated water infrastructure, vulnerabilities for children in school and childcare facilities, climate change, disparities in access to safe and reliable drinking water, uneven enforcement of drinking water standards, inadequate health assessments, large numbers of chemicals within a class, a preponderance of small water systems, and issues facing US Indigenous communities.

Results
Research and data on US drinking water contamination show that exposure profiles, health risks, and water quality reliability issues vary widely across populations, geographically and by contaminant. Factors include water source, local and regional features, aging water infrastructure, industrial or commercial activities, and social determinants. Understanding the risk profiles of different drinking water contaminants is necessary for anticipating local and general problems, ascertaining the state of drinking water resources, and developing mitigation strategies.

Impact statement
Drinking water contamination is widespread, even in the US. Exposure risk profiles vary by contaminant. Understanding the risk profiles of different drinking water contaminants is necessary for anticipating local and general public health problems, ascertaining the state of drinking water resources, and developing mitigation strategies.
Selection and validation of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp.) under varied abiotic stress conditions
Authors: Renganathan Vellaichamy Gandhimeyyan , Renuka Raman , Vanniarajan Chockalingam , Raveendran Muthurajan , Elangovan Allimuthu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using a stable reference gene is widely used for gene expression research. Barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp.) is an ancient crop in Asia and Africa that is widely cultivated for food and fodder. It thrives well under drought, salinity, cold, and heat environmental conditions, besides adapting to any soil type. To date, there are no gene expression studies performed to identify the potential candidate gene responsible for stress response in barnyard millet, due to lack of reference gene. Here, 10 candidate reference genes, Actin (ACT), α-tubulin (α-TUB), β-tubulin (β-TUB), RNA pol II (RP II), elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α), adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), TATA-binding protein-like factor (TLF), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 (UBC2), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L5 (UBC5) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), were selected from mRNA sequences of E. crus-galli and E. colona var frumentacea. Five statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder) were applied to determine the expression stabilities of these genes in barnyard millet grown under four different abiotic stress (drought, salinity, cold and heat) exposed at different time points. The UBC5 and ɑ-TUB in drought, GAPDH in salinity, GAPDH and APRT in cold, and EF-1α and RP II in heat were the most stable reference genes, whereas ß-TUB was the least stable irrespective of stress conditions applied. Further Vn/Vn + 1 analysis revealed two reference genes were sufficient to normalize gene expression across all sample sets. The suitability of identified reference genes was validated with Cu-ZnSOD (SOD1) in the plants exposed to different abiotic stress conditions. The results revealed that the relative quantification of the SOD1 gene varied according to reference genes and the number of reference genes used, thus highlighting the importance of the choice of a reference gene in such experiments. This study provides a foundational framework for standardizing RT-qPCR analyses, enabling accurate gene expression profiling in barnyard millet.
Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristic research of sine wavy flying-wing fins
Authors: Miao Long , Wan Rui , Wu Hua-wei , Liu Zhen , Wang Shang-shun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, heat transfer enhancement of heat exchange equipment has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of sine wavy flying-wing fins are studied by numerical method. The objective is to improve the integrated heat transfer and pressure drop performance of sine wavy flying-wing fins. The degrees of freedom of fin sizes include fin pitch to fin height ratio fp/fh, fin height to fin wavelength ratio fh/W, fin amplitude to fin pitch ratio 2A/fp and fin inclined angle α. The results show that among the calculated 17 flying-wing fins, the optimal values of fp/fh, fh/W, 2A/fp, and α are 0.5, 0.4, 1.9 and 70° respectively. The optimized SWFWF simulation model is established, and the average JF factor is 1.307, which is about 10.9% higher than that of Fin 05 (JF = 1.18). Multiple linear regression is used to obtain the correlations of flow and heat transfer characteristics of flying-wing fins. The average deviation of the correlations for j and f are 0.85% and 4.9% respectively. The correlations can be used for the design and optimization of sine wavy flying-wing fins.
Model-based optimization of controlled release formulation of levodopa for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Arav Yehuda , Zohar Assaf 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLevodopa is currently the standard of care treatment for Parkinson’s disease, but chronic therapy has been linked to motor complications. Designing a controlled release formulation (CRF) that maintains sustained and constant blood concentrations may reduce these complications. Still, it is challenging due to levodopa’s pharmacokinetic properties and the notion that it is absorbed only in the upper small intestine (i.e., exhibits an “absorption window”). We created and validated a physiologically based mathematical model to aid the development of such a formulation. Analysis of experimental results using the model revealed that levodopa is well absorbed throughout the entire small intestine (i.e., no “absorption window”) and that levodopa in the stomach causes fluctuations during the first 3 h after administration. Based on these insights, we developed guidelines for an improved CRF for various stages of Parkinson’s disease. Such a formulation is expected to produce steady concentrations and prolong therapeutic duration compared to a common CRF with a smaller dose per day and a lower overall dose of levodopa, thereby improving patient compliance with the dosage regime.
Potato Cyst Nematodes in Scotland and Their Impact from Farm to Fork
Authors: Price James A. , Pickup Jon , Back Matthew A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are parasitic roundworms that cause unsustainable global crop loss in Solanaceous species. In Scotland, these pathogens threaten seed potato production which is both a key export for the country and the backbone of the UK potato industry. PCN are routinely controlled by host resistance genes which have been discovered for the main species of PCN in the UK. However, when market preferences request genotypes without resistance, PCN populations can thrive. Other promising control strategies exist but are not always applied in Scotland due to differing climate and agronomic practices. There are numerous implications for PCN presence in potato-growing land both during cultivation and within crop rotations. For example, if PCN are detected in statutory field testing, seed potatoes cannot be grown in that land, this results in reduced seed availability and increased grower costs if PCN-free land must be rented. Ultimately these increased grower costs will result in failure for businesses or will be distributed to the consumer through the supply chain. This case study aims to dissect the issues surrounding control of PCN in Scotland, highlighting the impact PCN have on the production line, from planting to consuming potatoes and potato products.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Cosmography via Gaussian process with gamma ray bursts
Authors: Mu Yuhao , Chang Baorong , Xu Lixin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we firstly calibrate the Amati relation (the E
p - E
iso correlation) of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) at low redshifts (z < 0.8) via Gaussian process by using the type Ia supernovae samples from Pantheon+ under the philosophy that objects at the same redshift should have the same luminosity distance in any cosmology. As a result, this calibration derives the distance moduli of GRBs at high redshifts (z > 0.8). For an application of these derived distance modulus of GRBs to cosmology, via Gaussian process again, a series of cosmography parameters, which describe kinematics of our Universe, up to the fifth order and the redshift z ∼ 5, i.e. the Hubble parameter H(z), the deceleration parameter q(z), the jerk parameter j(z), the snap parameter s(z) and the lerk parameter l(z), are reconstructed from the cosmic observations. The reconstructed cosmography parameters show a transition singularity at z ∼ 6, it may resort to two possible explanations: one is that the GRBs data points at high redshift z > 5 are still reliable, it means that new physics beyond the ΛCDM model happens; another one is that the quality and quantity of GRBs data points at high redshift z > 5 are not good enough to give any viable prediction of the kinematics of our Universe. To pin down this problem, more high redshifts z > 5 cosmic observational are still needed.
Study on Heating Energy Efficiency and Optimization of Solar-air Source Heat Pump
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Zheng Zhiqiang , Feng Junxiao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the heating energy efficiency and optimization of a solar-air source heat pump (SASHP). Through system simulation, the energy efficiency of the SASHP is compared with other heating methods. The results show that SASHP has higher energy efficiency. We also found that in the SASHP, the air source heat pump (ASHP) is involved in heating 46% of the time. Therefore, we suggest optimizing the energy consumption of the ASHP to improve the system’s energy efficiency. In addition, lowering the supply water temperature can also reduce the system’s heating energy consumption. When the supply water temperature is lowered from 60°C to 48°C, the COP is increased from 1.98 to 2.83, which is a 31% improvement. Our research provides theoretical support for the application of SASHP and provides new ideas for achieving green and low-carbon heating.
Research on improving the overall thermal performance of panel radiators based on the CFD method
Authors: Liu Zongjiang , Xu Wei , Zhang Linhua , Li Zhong , Feng Airong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A panel radiator is one of the radiators commonly used in central heating at present. Improving the heat performance of the panel radiator and making it more suitable for low-temperature heating is an important direction of current research on heating energy conservation. This paper studied the overall heat transfer performance of panel radiators based on the CFD method. The research shows that compared with the longitudinal continuous fin widely used at present, the use of discontinuous fins and staggered fins can improve the thermal properties of the panel radiator significantly. The comparative study of eight scenarios shows that the average heat transfer coefficient of the radiator equipped with longitudinal staggered fins and VGs increases by 120.24%, and the radiator equipped with discontinuous inclined staggered fins increases by 117.33%. Due to the reduction of heat dissipation area, the total amount of heat dissipation of the radiator equipped with discontinuous fins is not as good as the radiator equipped with staggered fins that does not change the heat dissipation area basically. This study provides a way to improve the heat transfer properties of panel radiators.