bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating and Mapping Extreme Ice Accretion Hazard and Load Due to Freezing Rain at Canadian Sites
Authors: Sheng Chao , Tang Qian , Hong H. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ice accretion load in Canadian structural design codes is developed based on an operational ice accretion prediction model. In the present study, three models are employed to predict the ice accretion amount on a flat surface and horizontal wire at Canadian sites. The results confirm that the model used by Canadian practice for predicting ice accretion leads to a conservative estimate as compared to the remaining two models. The results also indicate that the use of the Gumbel distribution for the annual maximum ice accretion is adequate for regions prone to ice accretion and that the lognormal distribution may be considered for regions with a moderate or negligible amount of ice accretion. Maps of the ice accretion hazard at five selected Canadian sites are developed. Statistical analysis of an equivalent wind speed that is concurrent with the iced wire is carried out, showing that the concurrent wind speed for the 50-year return period value of the annual maximum ice accretion amount is smaller than the 50-year return period value of the annual maximum wind speed. It is shown that the statistical characteristics of the annual maximum concurrent wind speed on iced wire differ from that of the annual maximum wind speed.
Vibration Analysis of the Base Structure Supporting a Centrifuge–Motor Assembly in a Petroleum Oil Refinery
Authors: Devaraj Ashwin Kumar , Adhikari Raviraja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA structure carrying a centrifuge and motor in a petroleum oil refinery has been vibrating above the alarm limit of vibration. This has been a recurring problem. The maintenance work undertaken at regular intervals on the basis of time waveform and spectrum analysis could provide only a temporary solution. To investigate the causes of vibration above the acceptable limits, pre-stressed modal analysis of the structure was undertaken by using Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS™ and natural frequencies and mode shapes were extracted. Pre-stressing was done by considering the self-weight of the structure, centrifuge and motor. The structure was analyzed using a combination of beam elements, shell elements and mass elements. The operating deflection shape (ODS) technique which helps to observe the deflection pattern of structure in real time at operating or other frequencies from the measured vibration data was employed to validate the analytical results. ME’scopeVES™ software employing the ODS technique was used in this work. Analytical results obtained from ANSYS™ software are compared well with the ODS test results. The analysis of analytical and experimental results has revealed that the structure was operating in the resonance band.
Should We be Concerned with Nicotine in Sport? Analysis from 60,802 Doping Control Tests in Italy
Authors: Zandonai Thomas , Botrè Francesco , Abate Maria Gabriella , Peiró Ana María , Mündel Toby 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Nicotine is a psychostimulant drug with purported use in sports environments, though the use of nicotine among athletes has not been studied extensively.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the nicotine positivity rate in 60,802 anti-doping urine samples from 2012 to 2020.

Methods
Urine samples obtained in-competition at different national and international sports events held in Italy during the period 2012–2020 were analysed. All samples were from anonymous athletes that were collected and analysed at the WADA-accredited antidoping laboratory in Rome, Italy. Samples were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, with a cut-off concentration for nicotine of > 50 ng/mL. Results were stratified by year, sport and sex.

Results
An overall mean of 22.7% of the samples (n = 13,804; males: n = 11,099; females: n = 2705) showed nicotine intake, with male samples also displaying higher positivity rates than female (24.1% vs 18.5%). Sample positivity was higher during 2012–2014 (25–33%) than 2015–2020 (15–20%). Samples from team sports displayed a higher positivity rate than those from individual sports (31.4 vs 14.1%).

Conclusions
The current data demonstrates that one in five samples from a range of 90 sports test positive for nicotine in-competition. There is a lower positivity rate in endurance versus power/strength athletes and higher positivity rate in team versus individual sports, probably accounted for by differences in physiological and psychological demands and the desire for socialisation. WADA, international and national sports federations should consider these findings with concern, proactively investigate this phenomenon and act in order to protect the health and welfare of its athletes.
Informal creditors and sovereign debt restructuring
Authors: Ghosal Sayantan , Thomas Dania 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA conventional view of sovereign debt restructuring suggests that costly sovereign debt restructuring is required to lower the interest rate charged on it. In the presence of a negative external shock, under certain conditions, we show that (a) debt restructuring leads to interim social welfare gains and ex ante efficiency gains, (b) participation by citizens will lead to efficient debt restructuring. Using our results, we discuss provide a normative case for the proposed UNCTAD Roadmap.
Systematic quantitative literature review of the dialogic pedagogy literature
Authors: Laird-Gentle Alexandra , Larkin Kevin , Kanasa Harry , Grootenboer Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis systematic quantitative literature review was conducted to analyse and synthesise the extant corpus of knowledge on dialogic pedagogy within school settings, and thus identify theoretical and methodological gaps in the literature, which might suggest new avenues for research. A search of eight databases (2014–2020) revealed an initial pool of 2443 papers, which was reduced to 61 after screening for eligibility. An analysis of the 61 papers was framed around the following questions: What is the dominant mode of classroom discourse (monologic or dialogic) reported in the literature? Where is dialogic pedagogy being researched? Who are the dominant voices in the field? and Which year levels and school subjects have been examined using which methodologies? A key finding of the analysis was the absence of substantial research by Australian or New Zealand authors, specifically where mathematics education is concerned. Similarly, there is little investigation focusing on the early years of schooling. While some education areas have been well researched with regard to dialogic pedagogy, further work is required that focuses on areas such as the early years of schooling; non-science contexts; and the use of qualitative research methods.
Contrast of fine sediment dynamics between shoals and channels in a microtidal estuary with mixed semi-diurnal tides
Authors: Gong Wenping , Wang Jiaxi , Zhao Junpeng , Chen Lianghong , Zhang Heng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEstuaries usually feature complex bathymetries, where shoals and channels are co-existent. Due to the differences in water depth, current, density gradient and therefore stratification, sediment dynamics on the shoal and in the channel demonstrate significant variations. In this study, field measurements were carried out during spring and neap tides in both wet and dry seasons in the Huangmaohai Estuary, a microtidal estuary located in the southwest of the Pearl River Delta. Harmonic analysis was conducted for the timeseries data of current and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) for each deployment. Sediment transport flux was decomposed into an advective component, and tidal pumping fluxes by different tidal constituents. During the neap tides, sediment transport is primarily controlled by the advective flux, whereas during the spring tides, tidal pumping fluxes become comparable to, sometimes even exceeding, the advective one. For a 25-hr period, the M1 component of SSC usually denotes the maximum SSC associated with the highest bottom stress, while the M2 component signifies the two highs of the SSC. The M4 component is generally insignificant. The M1 and M2 components can be induced by both the advection and bottom resuspension. For the resuspension part, the M1 component is mostly induced by tidal velocity asymmetry, while the M2 component is generated by tidal straining effect. Sediment transport at the shoal is mostly controlled by the advective flux and the tidal pumping due to tidal velocity asymmetry, while that in the channel is dictated by advective transport and the tidal pumping due to tidal mixing asymmetry.
Circling the Wagons: How Perceived Injustice Increases Female Bureaucrats’ Support for Female Political Leaders
Authors: Lee Don S. , Schuler Paul , Park Soonae 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDoes female bureaucratic support for female political leaders change over time? Existing research focuses on factors that vary across countries. Little work examines how contingent events within a context impact gender-based solidarity. Drawing on collective identity theory, we argue that high-profile incidents of perceived gender-based injustice against a female president could increase female bureaucrats’ support for the leader. To explore this, we leverage a unique setting of a female president's impeachment in South Korea to assess the relationship between gender and bureaucrats’ support. Examining support for President Park before and after the impeachment, we find that her impeachment has a gendered impact on support, with female bureaucrats’ support increasing and male bureaucratic support remaining unchanged. Furthermore, mediation analysis provides suggestive evidence that the result operates through a heightened sense of injustice. Our findings suggest that support for female political leaders varies not only across countries, but also shifts within governments.
Capacity Reconceptualized: From Assessment Tool to Clinical Intervention
Authors: Mirza Omar F. , Appel Jacob M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCapacity evaluation has become a widely used assessment device in clinical practice to determine whether patients have the cognitive ability to render their own medical decisions. Such evaluations, which might be better thought of as “capacity challenges,” are generally thought of as benign tools used to facilitate care. This paper proposes that such challenges should be reconceptualized as significant medical interventions with their own set of risks, side effects, and potentially deleterious consequences. As a result, a cost–benefit analysis should be implemented prior to imposing such capacity challenges, and efforts should be made to minimize such challenges in situations where they are unlikely to alter the course of treatment.
Inference of the Timescale‐Dependent Apparent Viscosity Structure in the Upper Mantle Beneath Greenland
Authors: Paxman Guy J. G. , Lau Harriet C. P. , Austermann Jacqueline , Holtzman Benjamin K. , Havlin C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContemporary crustal uplift and relative sea level (RSL) change in Greenland is caused by the response of the solid Earth to ongoing and historical ice mass change. Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models, which seek to match patterns of land surface displacement and RSL change, typically employ a linear Maxwell viscoelastic model for the Earth's mantle. In Greenland, however, upper mantle viscosities inferred from ice load changes and other geophysical phenomena occurring over a range of timescales vary by up to two orders of magnitude. Here, we use full‐spectrum rheological models to examine the influence of transient deformation within the Greenland upper mantle, which may account for these differing viscosity estimates. We use observations of shear wave velocity combined with constitutive rheological models to self‐consistently calculate mechanical properties including the apparent upper mantle viscosity and lithosphere thickness across a broad spectrum of frequencies. We find that the contribution of transient behavior is most significant over loading timescales of 102–103 years, which corresponds to the timeframe of ice mass loss over recent centuries. Predicted apparent lithosphere thicknesses are also in good agreement with inferences made across seismic, GIA, and flexural timescales. Our results indicate that full‐spectrum constitutive models that more fully capture broadband mantle relaxation provide a means of reconciling seemingly contradictory estimates of Greenland's upper mantle viscosity and lithosphere thickness made from observations spanning a range of timescales.
Kinetic Limitations Affect Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity Measurements Under Low Supersaturation
Authors: Tao Jiangchuan , Kuang Ye , Luo Biao , Liu Li , Xu Hanbin , Ma Nan , Liu Pengfei , Xue Biao , Zhai Miaomiao , Xu Wanyun , Xu Weiqi , Sun Yele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe commercial continuous‐flow streamwise thermal‐gradient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter is widely used in aerosol CCN activity measurements which are critical for investigating aerosol‐cloud interactions. In CCN measurements, a critical threshold is needed for distinguishing interstitial aerosols and activated droplets, and a default threshold of 0.75 μm was set in CCN counter. Theoretically, interstitial aerosols could also grow larger than 0.75 μm in CCN counter at low supersaturations, thus theoretical thresholds derived from the Köhler theory were suggested. Here, we report that droplet growth in the CCN counter is kinetically limited and CCN‐active droplets does not reach their theoretical diameters under low supersaturations. Neglecting the kinetic growth limitation in CCN identification would count less CCN and underestimate the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter by up to 50% for supersaturations lower than 0.1%. We recommend that thresholds considering kinetic limitations should be used as new criteria for CCN identification under low supersaturations.
Satellite Evidence for Glyoxal Depletion in Elevated Fire Plumes
Authors: Lerot C. , Müller J.‐F. , Theys N. , De Smedt I. , Stavrakou T. , Van Roozendael M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpace‐borne observations are used to characterize the fate of formaldehyde and glyoxal in wildfire plumes. Their distribution measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument reveals striking differences between the two compounds near intense fires. In typical situations, the glyoxal‐to‐formaldehyde ratio is highest near the fire (∼0.1) and decreases downwind of the source area due to the larger contribution of pyrogenic emissions to the glyoxal abundance and to the longer lifetime of formaldehyde. However, a pronounced glyoxal depletion is detected above high‐level clouds, not seen for formaldehyde, likely due to processing in pyrocumulonimbus clouds generated by the fires. This depletion suggests glyoxal retention upon droplet freezing and/or its outgassing in hydrated form in the upper troposphere. The absence of a sizable loss of formaldehyde during convection indicates that its hydration in liquid droplets and subsequent outgassing as methanediol represent at most a minor sink of formaldehyde.
Solar Control of the Pickup Ion Plume in the Dayside Magnetosheath of Venus
Authors: Xu Qi , Xu Xiaojun , Zuo Pingbing , Futaana Yoshifumi , Chang Qing , Gu Hao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing the 8.5‐year Venus Express measurements, we demonstrate the asymmetric plasma distributions in the Venusian magnetosheath. An escaping plume is formed by pickup oxygen ions in the hemisphere where the motional electric field points outward from Venus, while the velocity of solar wind protons is faster in the opposite hemisphere. The pickup O+ escape rate is estimated to be (3.6 ± 1.4) × 1024 s−1 at solar maximum, which is comparable to the ion loss rate through the magnetotail, and (1.3 ± 0.4) × 1024 s−1 at solar minimum. The increase of O+ fluxes with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) intensity is significant upstream of the bow shock, partially attributed to the increase of exospheric neutral oxygen density. However, the solar wind velocity just has a slight effect on the pickup O+ escape rate in the magnetosheath, while the effect of solar wind density is not observed. Our results suggest the pickup O+ escape rate is mainly controlled by EUV radiation.
Rapid Location of Remote Volcanic Infrasound Using 3D Ray Tracing and Empirical Climatologies: Application to the 2011 Cordón Caulle and 2015 Calbuco Eruptions, Chile
Authors: De Negri Rodrigo , Matoza Robin S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInfrasound (<20 Hz) can propagate thousands of kilometers through the atmosphere, enabling global source location using networks of arrays such as the International Monitoring System infrasound network. However, atmospheric spatiotemporal variability poses a major challenge to locating infrasound sources. Strong horizontal cross‐winds deviate the observed infrasound arrival azimuths, producing source mislocations that can be on the order of hundreds of kilometers. We introduce a method that combines empirical climatologies (HWM14/NRLMSIS2.0) and 3D ray tracing (infraGA) to obtain first‐order, robust, and rapid estimates of the backazimuth deviations for source location procedures. For each trial source node and receiver path, day of the year and time, we perform an automatic iterative search for infrasound ground intercepts around the target station and obtain the corresponding backazimuth deviation. We test the method using IMS infrasound data from stations up to ∼5,000 km range for two similar explosive eruption case studies: 2011 Puyehue‐Cordón Caulle and 2015 Calbuco. We obtain a source mislocation reduction up to ∼84% (242–38.7 km) and ∼75% (366–93.1 km) for Puyehue‐Cordón Caulle and Calbuco eruptions, respectively. To evaluate the approach, we repeat the procedure using more realistic hybrid atmospheric descriptions; we obtain comparable results (up to ∼75% mislocation reduction for both eruptions). Potential applications of the approach include long‐range volcano monitoring in near‐real time by using pre‐computed look‐up tables or large‐scale, multi‐year reanalyses of infrasound waveform archives.
Estimating the Age of Abandoned Alluvial Surfaces Using Morphologic Dating of Gully Incision
Authors: Shmilovitz Yuval , Shelef Eitan , Wieler Nimrod , Zhang Huiping , Mushkin Amit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe age of abandoned alluvial surfaces is a key component in quantifying landscape evolution processes, tectonic activity, and paleoclimate. However, limited resources, restricted field accessibility, lacking dating material and analytical constraints are often encountered when dating such landforms. To help mitigate these limitations, we propose a new and complementary surface dating approach that is based on calculating the duration of gully incision into a surface since its abandonment using a locally calibrated landscape evolution model. The approach consists of calibration of incision model parameters for abandoned alluvial surfaces with known age and then using the calibrated model to calculate the time required for gully profiles to form on nearby undated alluvial surfaces as a proxy for surface abandonment. The approach was tested on previously dated late Pleistocene (34 and 70 ka) alluvial terraces in the hyper‐arid Negev desert (Israel). Calibrated model parameters were within the range reported for incision models in arid regions worldwide and late Pleistocene surface abandonment ages were recovered to within 10% accuracy. In contrast, modeled durations for gully incision into an older mid‐Pleistocene surface previously dated to 230–549 ka were grossly underestimated at <120 ka. Field observations and approach tests indeed indicated that late Pleistocene model parameters should not be extrapolated as‐is to model gully incision farther back through geologic time. Because the validity of the proposed ages depends on extrapolating the locally calibrated parameters of the incision model, we recommend that such dating be conducted with care and where assumptions will probably be valid.
Spatiotemporal regulation of cholangiocarcinoma growth and dissemination by peritumoral myofibroblasts in a Vcam1-dependent manner
Authors: Tian Cheng , Li Liyuan , Pan Qingfei , Xu Beisi , Li Yizhen , Fan Li , Brown Anthony , Morrison Michelle , Dey Kaushik , Yang Jun J. , Yu Jiyang , Glazer Evan S. , Zhu Liqin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is characterized by its highly desmoplastic stroma. Myofibroblasts (MFs) are present both within the tumor mass (intratumoral MFs, iMFs) and at the tumor border (peritumoral MFs, pMFs). Using a spheroid-based coculture system, we show that the initial iCCA-pMF contact is growth suppressive to the tumor cells. However, prolonged iCCA-pMF interaction elicits significant tumor cell invasion and dissemination. We find that vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (Vcam1) level is elevated in tumor cells in contact with pMFs but low in disseminated tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. A gene regulatory network analysis of mouse and patient iCCA tumors and Vcam1 knockout (Vcam1KO) demonstrate a heavy involvement of Vcam1 in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. While Vcam1KO has only a limited impact on tumor cell growth in their monoculture, Vcam1KO spheroids exhibit instant dissemination and a severe growth defect when cocultured with pMFs. When transplanted into the liver, Vcam1KO iCCA cells show a similar increase in dissemination but a significant defect in establishing primary and metastatic tumors. Incomplete blocking of Vcam1 in vivo reduces the size but increase the number of metastatic lesions. Overall, our study shows a spatiotemporal regulation of iCCA growth and dissemination by pMFs in a Vcam1-dependent manner.
Erlotinib versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin as neoadjuvant treatment of stage IIIA-N2 EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer: final overall survival analysis of the EMERGING-CTONG 1103 randomised phase II trial
Authors: Zhong Wen-Zhao , Yan Hong-Hong , Chen Ke-Neng , Chen Chun , Gu Chun-Dong , Wang Jun , Yang Xue-Ning , Mao Wei-Min , Wang Qun , Qiao Gui-Bin , Cheng Ying , Xu Lin , Wang Chang-Li , Chen Ming-Wei , Kang Xiao-Zheng , Yan Wan-Pu , Liao Ri-Qiang , Yang Jin-Ji , Zhang Xu-Chao , Liu Si-Yang , Zhou Qing , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEMERGING-CTONG 1103 showed improved progression-free survival (PFS) with neoadjuvant erlotinib vs. chemotherapy for patients harbouring EGFR sensibility mutations and R0 resected stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NCT01407822). Herein, we report the final results. Recruited patients were randomly allocated 1:1 to the erlotinib group (150 mg/day orally; neoadjuvant phase for 42 days and adjuvant phase to 12 months) or to the GC group (gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 75 mg/m2 intravenously; 2 cycles in neoadjuvant phase and 2 cycles in adjuvant phase). Objective response rate (ORR), complete pathologic response (pCR), PFS, and overall survival (OS) were assessed along with safety. Post hoc analysis was performed for subsequent treatments after disease recurrence. Among investigated 72 patients (erlotinib, n = 37; GC, n = 35), the median follow-up was 62.5 months. The median OS was 42.2 months (erlotinib) and 36.9 months (GC) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–1.47; p = 0.513). The 3- and 5-year OS rates were 58.6% and 40.8% with erlotinib and 55.9% and 27.6% with GC (p3-y = 0.819, p5-y = 0.252). Subsequent treatment was administered in 71.9% and 81.8% of patients receiving erlotinib and GC, respectively; targeted therapy contributed mostly to OS (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18–0.70). After disease progression, the ORR was 53.3%, and the median PFS was 10.9 months during the EGFR-TKI rechallenge. During postoperative therapy, grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were 13.5% in the erlotinib group and 29.4% in the GC group. No serious adverse events were observed. Erlotinib exhibited clinical feasibility for resectable IIIA-N2 NSCLC over chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting.