bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable Mid‐Infrared Detail‐Enhanced Imaging With Micron‐Level Spatial Resolution and Photon‐Number Resolving Sensitivity
Authors: Zeng Xuanke , Wang Congying , Wang Hongyu , Lin Qinggang , Chen Zhenkuan , Lu Xiaowei , Zheng Maijie , Liang Jinyang , Cai Yi , Xu Shixiang , Li Jingzhen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe underdevelopment of mid‐infrared (MIR) components and detectors greatly limits the spatial resolution and sensitivity of MIR imaging. To overcome these limitations, MIR detail‐enhanced imaging is enhanced via non‐degenerate optical parametric amplification (OPA) pumped by a femtosecond vortex pulse. This design renders MIR illumination into a visible image by nonlinear wavelength‐conversion, together with a high OPA gain, large spatial bandwidth, and remarkable sensitivity. These experiments show that the design can realize MIR imaging with a spatial resolution of up to 114 line pairs per millimeter and a 2D spatial bandwidth product of up to 62 900, over a spectral region tunable from 2.0 to 3.0 µm. Equally important, this setup simultaneously achieves excellent imaging sensitivity of 25 photons at room temperature. It is thought that this work provides a powerful way to realize effective real‐time MIR imaging with an excellent spatial resolution even in very weak illumination environments, which can benefit many applications from semiconductor material characterization and biomedical imaging to security.
The effects of government support on enterprises' digital transformation: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Siwei , Li Xin , Li Zibiao , Ye Yongwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDigital transformation has become a general trend for enterprises, and it is necessary to investigate the impact of government support on enterprises' digital transformation from the perspective of policy instruments. But so far, there is less empirical evidence on their relationship. Based on Chinese firm‐level data, we investigate the effects of government subsidies and tax incentives on enterprises' digital transformation. The results show that two forms of government support both positively promote enterprises' digital transformation. Moreover, we analyze which factors mediate the observed effects. We demonstrate that easing financial constraints, increasing Research and Development (R&D) investment, and improving risk‐taking ability are underlying mechanisms. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that enterprises that are non‐state‐owned, with higher technology level and higher absorptive capacity, have higher digital transformation. The higher the level of digital finance development and network infrastructure construction in a region, the greater the positive effect of government support on enterprises' digital transformation. The results provide clearer guidance for governments to provide government support so as to stimulate enterprises' digital transformation.
A Review of Factors Affecting the Susceptibility of Juvenile Salmonids to Avian Predation
Authors: Hostetter Nathan J. , Evans Allen F. , Payton Quinn , Roby Daniel D. , Lyons Donald E. , Collis Ken 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We reviewed studies of piscivorous colonial waterbird predation on juvenile salmonids to synthesize current knowledge of factors affecting fish susceptibility to avian predators. Specifically, we examined peer-reviewed publications and reports from academic, governmental, and nongovernmental agencies to identify commonalities and differences in susceptibility of salmonids to avian predation, with a focus on mark–recovery studies in the Columbia River basin. Factors hypothesized to influence salmonid susceptibility to avian predation were grouped into four general categories: (1) salmonid species and populations, (2) environmental factors, (3) prey density, predator density, and migration timing, and (4) prey characteristics. Our review focused on predation by Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia, double-crested cormorants Nannopterum auritum, and gull species Larus spp. as these are the most well-studied avian predators of salmonids. Results indicated that predator–prey interactions varied across salmonid species and populations and species of avian predator. Inferences across studies supported multiple hypotheses regarding predator–prey dynamics, including environmental factors that influence prey exposure to predators (e.g., river flows, turbidity, alternative prey), variation in predator and prey abundances, predator characteristics (e.g., foraging behavior, colony location), and prey characteristics (e.g., fish length, condition). Mark–recovery studies of avian predation on fish populations have greatly improved our understanding of the factors affecting fish susceptibility to avian predation, the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic factors to predation susceptibility, and the extent to which avian predation affects fish survival and the viability of prey populations. Future studies that jointly model predation and survival and the factors affecting those processes will further broaden our understanding of predator–prey dynamics and directly evaluate the effects of predation on prey population dynamics.
Systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma: A systematic review
Authors: Zou Tong , Wei Ang , Ma Honghao , Lian Hongyun , Liu Yali , Wang Dong , Zhao Yunze , Cui Lei , Li Zhigang , Zhang Rui , Wang Tianyou 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic review to investigate the available literature regarding systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma (SJXG) and report the population characteristics, clinical manifestation, therapy, and outcome.Review methodsA search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for all articles published between 1981 and 2022 was performed with variations and combinations of the following search terms: extracutaneous, visceral, systemic, and juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). Data extracted included demographics, organ involvement, treatment, outcome, and permanent sequelae.ResultsA total of 103 articles encompassing 159 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median onset age was 9 months, with a male predominance (61%). The distribution of major involved organs varied by age, and younger onset age was associated with more organ involvement. The most commonly involved site was the central nervous system (CNS) (40.9%), followed by the liver (31.4%), the lung (18.9%), and the eye (18.2%). At the termination of follow‐up, 93 patients (58.5%) were alive with no disease, 56 (35.2%) were alive with disease, and 10 (6.3%) were dead of disease. There was a significant difference in outcome between patients with and without spleen involvement (p = .0003), and patients with spleen involvement suffered a higher risk of death. Permanent sequelae mainly comprised CNS symptoms and ocular manifestations.ConclusionsSJXG can involve varying numbers and combinations of extracutaneous sites. There is no standard therapy for SJXG and clinicians should choose individualized therapy modalities.
PrePCI: A structure‐ and chemical similarity‐informed database of predicted protein compound interactions
Authors: Trudeau Stephen J. , Hwang Howook , Mathur Deepika , Begum Kamrun , Petrey Donald , Murray Diana , Honig Barry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe describe the Predicting Protein–Compound Interactions (PrePCI) database which comprises over 5 billion predicted interactions between 6.8 million chemical compounds and 19,797 human proteins. PrePCI relies on a proteome‐wide database of structural models based on both traditional modeling techniques and the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database. Sequence‐ and structural similarity‐based metrics are established between template proteins, T, in the Protein Data Bank that bind compounds, C, and query proteins in the model database, Q. When the metrics exceed threshold values, it is assumed that C also binds to Q with a likelihood ratio (LR) derived from machine learning. If the relationship is based on structural similarity, the LR is based on a scoring function that measures the extent to which C is compatible with the binding site of Q as described in the LT‐scanner algorithm. For every predicted complex derived in this way, chemical similarity based on the Tanimoto coefficient identifies other small molecules that may bind to Q. An overall LR for the binding of C to Q is obtained from Naive Bayesian statistics. The PrePCI database can be queried by entering a UniProt ID or gene name for a protein to obtain a list of compounds predicted to bind to it along with associated LRs. Alternatively, entering an identifier for the compound outputs a list of proteins it is predicted to bind. Specific applications of the database to lead discovery, elucidation of drug mechanism of action, and biological function annotation are described.
Simulation of DNA damage using Geant4‐DNA: an overview of the “molecularDNA” example application
Authors: Chatzipapas Konstantinos P. , Tran Ngoc Hoang , Dordevic Milos , Zivkovic Sara , Zein Sara , Shin Wook‐Geun , Sakata Dousatsu , Lampe Nathanael , Brown Jeremy M. C. , Ristic‐Fira Aleksandra , Petrovic Ivan , Kyriakou Ioanna , Emfietzoglou Dimitris , Guatelli Susanna , Incerti Sébastien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe scientific community shows great interest in the study of DNA damage induction, DNA damage repair, and the biological effects on cells and cellular systems after exposure to ionizing radiation. Several in silico methods have been proposed so far to study these mechanisms using Monte Carlo simulations. This study outlines a Geant4‐DNA example application, named “molecularDNA”, publicly released in the 11.1 version of Geant4 (December 2022).MethodsIt was developed for novice Geant4 users and requires only a basic understanding of scripting languages to get started. The example includes two different DNA‐scale geometries of biological targets, namely “cylinders” and “human cell”. This public version is based on a previous prototype and includes new features, such as: the adoption of a new approach for the modeling of the chemical stage, the use of the standard DNA damage format to describe radiation‐induced DNA damage, and upgraded computational tools to estimate DNA damage response.ResultsSimulation data in terms of single‐strand break and double‐strand break yields were produced using each of the available geometries. The results were compared with the literature, to validate the example, producing less than 5% difference in all cases. Conclusion: “molecularDNA” is a prototype tool that can be applied in a wide variety of radiobiology studies, providing the scientific community with an open‐access base for DNA damage quantification calculations. New DNA and cell geometries for the “molecularDNA” example will be included in future versions of Geant4‐DNA.
Protein structure prediction using the evolutionary algorithm USPEX
Authors: Rachitskii Pavel , Kruglov Ivan , Finkelstein Alexei V. , Oganov Artem R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein structure prediction is one of major problems of modern biophysics: current attempts to predict the tertiary protein structure from amino acid sequence are successful mostly when the use of big data and machine learning allows one to reduce the “prediction problem” to the “problem of recognition”. Compared with recent successes of deep learning, classical predictive methods lag behind in their accuracy for the prediction of stable conformations. Therefore, in this work we extended the evolutionary algorithm USPEX to predict protein structure based on global optimization starting with the amino acid sequence. Moreover, we compared frequently used force fields for the task of protein structure prediction. Protein structure relaxation and energy calculations were performed using Tinker (with several different force fields) and Rosetta (with REF2015 force field) codes. To create new protein structure models in the USPEX algorithm, we developed novel variation operators. The test of the new method on seven proteins having (for simplicity) no cis‐proline (with ω ≈ 0°) residues, and a length of up to 100 residues, revealed that our algorithm predicts tertiary structures of proteins with high accuracy. The comparison of the final potential energies of the predicted protein structures obtained using the USPEX and the Rosetta Abinitio approach showed that in most cases the developed algorithm found structures with close or even lower energy (Amber/Charmm/Oplsaal) and scoring function (REF2015). While USPEX has clearly demonstrated its ability to find very deep energy minima, our study showed that the existing force fields are not sufficiently accurate for accurate blind prediction of protein structures without further experimental verification.
Exploring the scaling limitations of the variational quantum eigensolver with the bond dissociation of hydride diatomic molecules
Authors: Clary Jacob M. , Jones Eric B. , Vigil‐Fowler Derek , Chang Christopher , Graf Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMaterials simulations involving strongly correlated electrons pose fundamental challenges to state‐of‐the‐art electronic structure methods but are hypothesized to be the ideal use case for quantum computing algorithms. To date, no quantum computer has simulated a molecule of a size and complexity relevant to real‐world applications, despite the fact that the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm can predict chemically accurate total energies. Nevertheless, because of the many applications of moderately sized, strongly correlated systems, such as molecular catalysts, the successful use of the VQE stands as an important waypoint in the advancement toward useful chemical modeling on near‐term quantum processors. In this paper, we take a significant step in this direction. We lay out the steps, write, and run parallel code for an (emulated) quantum computer to compute the bond dissociation curves of the TiH, LiH, NaH, and KH diatomic hydride molecules using the VQE. TiH was chosen as a relatively simple chemical system that incorporates d orbitals and strong electron correlation. Because current VQE implementations on existing quantum hardware are limited by qubit error rates, the number of qubits available, and the allowable gate depth, recent studies using it have focused on chemical systems involving s and p block elements. Through VQE + UCCSD calculations of TiH, we evaluate the near‐term feasibility of modeling a molecule with d‐orbitals on real quantum hardware. We demonstrate that the inclusion of d‐orbitals and the use of the UCCSD ansatz, which are both necessary to capture the correct TiH physics, dramatically increase the cost of this problem. We estimate the approximate error rates necessary to model TiH on current quantum computing hardware using VQE + UCCSD and show them to likely be prohibitive until significant improvements in hardware and error correction algorithms are available.
Geolocator‐tracking seabird migration and moult reveal large‐scale, temperature‐driven isoscapes in the NE Atlantic
Authors: Atkins Kelly , Bearhop Stuart , Bodey Thomas W. , Grecian W. James , Hamer Keith , Pereira Jorge M. , Meinertzhagen Hannah , Mitchell Chris , Morgan Greg , Morgan Lisa , Newton Jason , Sherley Richard B. , Votier Stephen C. 
Published: February 2023

RationaleBy combining precision satellite‐tracking with blood sampling, seabirds can be used to validate marine carbon and nitrogen isoscapes, but it is unclear whether a comparable approach using low‐precision light‐level geolocators (GLS) and feather sampling can be similarly effective.MethodsHere we used GLS to identify wintering areas of northern gannets (Morus bassanus) and sampled winter grown feathers (confirmed from image analysis of non‐breeding birds) to test for spatial gradients in δ13C and δ15N in the NE Atlantic.ResultsBy matching winter‐grown feathers with the non‐breeding location of tracked birds we found latitudinal gradients in δ13C and δ15N in neritic waters. Moreover, isotopic patterns were best explained by sea surface temperature. Similar isotope gradients were found in fish muscle sampled at local ports.ConclusionsOur study reveals the potential of using seabird GLS and feathers to reconstruct large‐scale isotopic patterns.
Recapitulating Antioxidant and Antibacterial Compounds into a Package for Tissue Regeneration: Dual Function Materials with Synergistic Effect
Authors: Shao Minmin , Bigham Ashkan , Yousefiasl Satar , Yiu Cynthia K. Y. , Girish Yarabahally R. , Ghomi Matineh , Sharifi Esmaeel , Sezen Serap , Nazarzadeh Zare Ehsan , Zarrabi Ali , Rabiee Navid , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia , Del Turco Serena , Guo Baolin , Wang Xiangdong , Mattoli Virgilio , Wu Aimin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOxidative damage and infection can prevent or delay tissue repair. Moreover, infection reinforces reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which makes the wound's condition even worse. Therefore, the need for antioxidant and antibacterial agents is felt for tissue regeneration. There are emerging up‐and‐coming biomaterials that recapitulate both properties into a package, offering an effective solution to turn the wound back into a healing state. In this article, the principles of antioxidant and antibacterial activity are summarized. The review starts with biological aspects, getting the readers to familiarize themselves with tissue barriers against infection. This is followed by the chemistry and mechanism of action of antioxidant and antibacterial materials (dual function). Eventually, the outlook and challenges are underlined to provide where the dual‐function biomaterials are and where they are going in the future. It is expected that the present article inspires the designing of dual‐function biomaterials to more advanced levels by providing the fundamentals and comparative points of view and paving the clinical way for these materials.
Tissue adhesives for wound closure
Authors: Kong Bin , Qi Cheng , Wang Huan , Kong Tiantian , Liu Zhou 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTissue adhesives have raised much attention from scientists in recent years. They have been extensively utilized in various medical fields, such as wound closure, due to the advantages of being simple, time‐saving, and avoiding the problems and complications associated with surgical sutures. Besides, the tissue adhesives can absorb wound exudates and promote tissue repair. The rapid evolution in the field of tissue adhesives has resulted in the development of various adhesives with excellent mechanical properties and superior functions. However, many challenges still restrict their use in numerous clinical applications. In this paper, we present an up‐to‐date review of tissue adhesives for wound closure. We mainly discussed the fundamental design requirements for the adhesives, the fabrication of tissue adhesives, and the application of tissue adhesives on skin healing, corneal patch, and gastrointestinal tissues. We then highlighted the current challenges and unmet needs and delineated potential new clinical development directions for future adhesives. The progress in tissue adhesives will provide novel approaches for wound management and has the potential to supply effective treatments for a variety of medical applications.
Enhanced oxidative stress is associated with tissue neutrophilia and poor steroid response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Hu Xian‐Ting , Chen Bai‐Wen , Cao Yu‐Jie , Zhou Chun , Li Hua‐Bin , Wang De‐Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the oxidative stress status and its association with tissue neutrophilia and oral steroid response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients.MethodsThe levels of total oxidant status (TOS) were detected in the sinonasal tissues by using specific assay kits. Tissue neutrophil was examined by immunohistochemical staining, and oxidant status index (OSI) was evaluated in polyps tissues, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1), and microsomal glutathione S‐transferase 1 (MGST1) were examined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in the sinonasal tissues. The receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curve of ALDH1A1, MGST1, and SOD2 mRNA levels were evaluated to determine the steroid response of CRSwNP patients.ResultsThe levels of TOS and OSI were significantly higher in CRSwNP and CRSsNP than in normal controls, and OSI in polyps tissues was positively associated with tissue neutrophilia and poor steroid response. The ALDH1A1, MGST1, and SOD2 mRNA levels showed comparable accuracy as predictors of poor steroid response indicated by the area under the curve.ConclusionThese findings provided evidence that the increased level of oxidative stress contributes to enhanced tissue neutrophilia and poor steroid response in CRSwNP patients.
Introduction: The Elephant of Causation and the Blind Sages
Authors: Damonte Alessia , Negri Fedra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhat does a policy outcome hinge on? The response is vital to policy-making and calls for the best of our knowledge from a variety of disciplines—from economics to sociology and from political science to public administration and management. The response entails a stance about causation, however, and almost every discipline has its own. Researchers are like the blind sages who had never come across the elephant of causation before and who develop their idea of the elephant by “touching” a different part of it. Which part of the elephant will you happen to touch? Will you be able to listen to and understand what the other sages will tell you?
Causation in the Social Realm
Authors: Little Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExplanation is at the center of scientific research, and explanation almost always involves the discovery of causal relations among factors, conditions, or events. This is true in the social sciences no less than in the natural sciences. But social causes look quite a bit different from causes of natural phenomena. They result from the choices and actions of numerous individuals rather than fixed natural laws, and the causal pathways that link antecedents to consequents are less exact than those linking gas leaks to explosions. It is, therefore, a crucial challenge for the philosophy of social science to give a compelling account of causal reasoning about social phenomena that does justice to the research problems faced by social scientists.
Measurement of the KS → πeν branching fraction with the KLOE experiment
Authors:   The KLOE-2 collaboration, Babusci D. , Berlowski M. , Bloise C. , Bossi F. , Branchini P. , Cao B. , Ceradini F. , Ciambrone P. , Curciarello F. , Czerwiński E. , D’Agostini G. , D’Amico R. , Danè E. , De Leo V. , De Lucia E. , De Santis A. , De Simone P. , Di Cicco A. , Di Domenico A. , Diociaiuti E. , Domenici D. , D’Uffizi A. , Fantini G. , Gajos A. , Gamrat S. , Gauzzi P. , Giovannella S. , Graziani E. , Kang X. , Kupsc A. , Mandaglio G. , Martini M. , Miscetti S. , Moskal P. , Passeri A. , Perez del Rio E. , Schioppa M. , Selce A. , Silarski M. , Sirghi F. , Solodov E. P. , Wiślicki W. , Wolke M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The ratio $$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
= Γ(KS→ πeν)/Γ(KS→ π+π−) has been measured with a sample of 300 million KS mesons produced in ϕ → KLKS decays recorded by the KLOE experiment at the DAΦNE e+e− collider. KS→ πeν events are selected by a boosted decision tree built with kinematic variables and time-of-flight measurements. Data control samples of KL→ πeν decays are used to evaluate signal selection efficiencies. With 49647±316 signal events we measure $$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
= (1.0421 ± 0.0066stat± 0.0075syst) × 10−3. The combination with our previous measurement gives $$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
= (1.0338 ± 0.0054stat± 0.0064syst) × 10−3. From this value we derive the branching fraction $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
(KS→ πeν) = (7.153 ± 0.037stat± 0.044syst) × 10−4 and f+(0)|Vus| = 0.2170 ± 0.009.