bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on adolescent sexual life and attitudes: have we considered all the possible secondary effects of the pandemic?
Authors: Kostopoulou Eirini 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA significant increase in pornography use has been reported in the adolescent population worldwide over the past few years, with intensification of the phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present review is to provide data on the frequency of pornography consumption among adolescents during the pandemic and raise awareness about its potential impact on personal beliefs and sexual attitudes in the long term. A comprehensive literature review was performed in two scientific databases using the crossmatch of the terms “pornography”, “adolescents” and “COVID-19”. A significant increase in pornography consumption in adolescents was documented during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of social detachment. Fulfilment of sexual desires in the context of social distancing, alleviation of COVID-19-related boredom and psychological strain, and coping with negative emotions are some of the reported reasons for increased pornography use during the pandemic. However, concerns have been raised in the literature regarding potentially negative effects of excessive pornography use from an early age, including the development of pornography addiction, sexual dissatisfaction and aggressive sexual attitudes reinforced by gender preoccupations and sexual inequality beliefs.Conclusion: The extent to which increased pornography consumption from an early age during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected adolescents’ mental well-being, personality construction and sexual behaviour is yet to be seen. Vigilance from the society as a whole is required so that potential negative adverse effects of adolescent pornography use and potential social implications are recognized early and managed. Further research is needed so that the full impact of the COVID-19-related pornography use in the adolescent population is revealed.

What is Known:•A significant increase in pornography consumption has been documented in the adolescent population worldwide over the past decades due to its quick, affordable and easy access from electronic devices and the possibility of anonymous and private participation.•During the COVID-19 pandemic, this phenomenon was intensified as a coping mechanism to social isolation and increased psychosocial strain.

What is New:•Concerns have been raised regarding the risk of pornography addiction in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, making the post-pandemic adaptation challenging.•Awareness is raised in parents, health care providers and policy makers about the potential negative impacts of pornography consumption from an early, vulnerable age, such as sexual dissatisfaction and development of aggressive sexual attitudes and sex inequality beliefs.
Nutritional management of children with acute kidney injury—clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce
Authors: Vega Molly R. Wong , Cerminara Dana , Desloovere An , Paglialonga Fabio , Renken-Terhaerdt José , Walle Johan Vande , Shaw Vanessa , Stabouli Stella , Anderson Caroline Elizabeth , Haffner Dieter , Nelms Christina L. , Polderman Nonnie , Qizalbash Leila , Tuokkola Jetta , Warady Bradley A. , Shroff Rukshana , Greenbaum Larry A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The nutritional management of children with acute kidney injury (AKI) is complex. The dynamic nature of AKI necessitates frequent nutritional assessments and adjustments in management. Dietitians providing medical nutrition therapies to this patient population must consider the interaction of medical treatments and AKI status to effectively support both the nutrition status of patients with AKI as well as limit adverse metabolic derangements associated with inappropriately prescribed nutrition support. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT), an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, has developed clinical practice recommendations (CPR) for the nutritional management of children with AKI. We address the need for intensive collaboration between dietitians and physicians so that nutritional management is optimized in line with AKI medical treatments. We focus on key challenges faced by dietitians regarding nutrition assessment. Furthermore, we address how nutrition support should be provided to children with AKI while taking into account the effect of various medical treatment modalities of AKI on nutritional needs. Given the poor quality of evidence available, a Delphi survey was conducted to seek consensus from international experts. Statements with a low grade or those that are opinion-based must be carefully considered and adapted to individual patient needs, based on the clinical judgment of the treating physician and dietitian. Research recommendations are provided. CPRs will be regularly audited and updated by the PRNT.
Physical activity, obesity, and quality of life among rural Australian cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Leach Michael J. , Barber Georgina , Monacella Stephanie , Jamieson Philip , Trinh Thi , Vo Ngan , Schmidt Ulla , Byrne Anny , Ristevski Eli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to describe physical activity (PA), obesity, and quality of life (QoL) among rural Australian cancer survivors, assess whether total and item-specific QoL are associated with sufficient PA and obesity, and assess whether PA and obesity interact with respect to QoL.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, convenience sampling was used to recruit adult cancer survivors via a chemotherapy day unit and allied health professionals at a rural hospital in Baw Baw Shire, Australia. Exclusion criteria were acute malnutrition and end-of-life care. PA and QoL were measured using Godin-Shephard and 7-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G7) questionnaires, respectively. Factors associated with total and item-specific QoL were assessed via linear and logistic regression, respectively.ResultsAmong 103 rural cancer survivors, the median age was 66 years, 35% were sufficiently physically active, and 41% presented with obesity. Mean/median total QoL scores were 17 on the FACT-G7 scale (0–28; higher scores indicate better QoL). Sufficient PA was associated with better QoL ($$\widehat{\upbeta }$$β^=2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26, 4.33) and more energy (odds ratio [OR] = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.48, 10.78) while obesity was associated with worse QoL ($$\widehat{\upbeta }$$β^=-2.09; 95% CI = -4.17, -0.01) and more pain (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.29, 11.68). The PA-obesity interaction was non-significant (p-value = 0.83).ConclusionsThis is the first known study conducted among rural survivors of any cancer to find sufficient PA and obesity are associated with better and worse QoL, respectively. PA, weight management, and QoL—including energy and pain—should be considered when targeting and tailoring supportive care interventions for rural cancer survivors.
Almost-Riemannian manifolds do not satisfy the curvature-dimension condition
Authors: Magnabosco Mattia , Rossi Tommaso 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Lott–Sturm–Villani curvature-dimension condition$$\textsf{CD}(K,N)$$CD(K,N)provides a synthetic notion for a metric measure space to have curvature bounded from below byKand dimension bounded from above byN. It was proved by Juillet (Rev Mat Iberoam 37(1), 177–188, 2021) that a large class of sub-Riemannian manifolds do not satisfy the$$\textsf{CD}(K,N)$$CD(K,N)condition, for any$$K\in {\mathbb {R}}$$K∈Rand$$N\in (1,\infty )$$N∈(1,∞). However, his result does not cover the case of almost-Riemannian manifolds. In this paper, we address the problem of disproving the$$\textsf{CD}$$CDcondition in this setting, providing a new strategy which allows us to contradict the one-dimensional version of the$$\textsf{CD}$$CDcondition. In particular, we prove that 2-dimensional almost-Riemannian manifolds and strongly regular almost-Riemannian manifolds do not satisfy the$$\textsf{CD}(K,N)$$CD(K,N)condition for any$$K\in {\mathbb {R}}$$K∈Rand$$N\in (1,\infty )$$N∈(1,∞).
Wie wirken Antidepressiva? Weil sie einen Serotoninmangel im Gehirn ausgleichen?
Authors: Erfurth Andreas , Sachs Gabriele 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungEs kommt selten vor, dass ein neurochemisches Thema ausführlich in einem Zeitungsartikel behandelt wird. Am 8. November 2022 stellte die New York Times fest: Antidepressiva wirken nicht so, wie viele Menschen denken. Die Wirksamkeit der selektiven Serotonin-Rückaufnahme-Inhibitoren (SSRI) wird in dem Artikel anerkannt; allerdings würden die SSRIs nicht deswegen wirken, weil sie eine „chemische Imbalance“ korrigierten.In diesem Artikel sollen die Grundlagen der Wirkungsweise von Serotonin-Rückaufnahme-Inhibitoren dargestellt und im Zusammenhang mit der oben erwähnten Debatte diskutiert werden.
Electrocorticographic Activation Patterns of Electroencephalographic Microstates
Authors: Mikutta Christian A. , Knight Robert T. , Sammler Daniela , Müller Thomas J. , Koenig Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) microstates are short successive periods of stable scalp field potentials representing spontaneous activation of brain resting-state networks. EEG microstates are assumed to mediate local activity patterns. To test this hypothesis, we correlated momentary global EEG microstate dynamics with the local temporo-spectral evolution of electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereotactic EEG (SEEG) depth electrode recordings. We hypothesized that these correlations involve the gamma band. We also hypothesized that the anatomical locations of these correlations would converge with those of previous studies using either combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-EEG or EEG source localization. We analyzed resting-state data (5 min) of simultaneous noninvasive scalp EEG and invasive ECoG and SEEG recordings of two participants. Data were recorded during the presurgical evaluation of pharmacoresistant epilepsy using subdural and intracranial electrodes. After standard preprocessing, we fitted a set of normative microstate template maps to the scalp EEG data. Using covariance mapping with EEG microstate timelines and ECoG/SEEG temporo-spectral evolutions as inputs, we identified systematic changes in the activation of ECoG/SEEG local field potentials in different frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, and high-gamma) based on the presence of particular microstate classes. We found significant covariation of ECoG/SEEG spectral amplitudes with microstate timelines in all four frequency bands (p = 0.001, permutation test). The covariance patterns of the ECoG/SEEG electrodes during the different microstates of both participants were similar. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate distinct activation/deactivation patterns of frequency-domain ECoG local field potentials associated with simultaneous EEG microstates.
Decolonizing Zemiology: Outlining and Remedying the Blindness to (Post)colonialism Within the Study of Social Harm
Authors: Wright Edward J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper hosts the first meaningful dialogue between two important epistemic movements for criminology: zemiology and decolonisation. I identify that zemiology has a disciplinary blindness to colonialism and explain this using Gurminder K. Bhambra’s scholarship—and cognate scholarship—as a frame. Three cases—Pemberton’s Harmful Societies, Grenfell, and Border Zemiology—are selected for their critical importance within zemiology. They are used to argue that zemiology works within a standard narrative of modernity characterised by capitalist nation-states, which does not recognise the colonial foundations of both of these. Capitalist modernity is, however, a colonial formation. Recognising this allows for a better understanding for a wide range of harms. I then discuss future directions for decolonial zemiology, advocating not for expansion of repertoire, but canonical revision so that colonialism is afforded space as an explanatory frame and zemiology can better explain social harm on a global level.
Real-Time Visual Recognition of Ramp Hand Signals for UAS Ground Operations
Authors: de Frutos Carro Miguel Ángel , LópezHernández Fernando Carlos , Granados José Javier Rainer 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We describe the design and validation of a vision-based system that allows the dynamic identification of ramp signals performed by airport ground staff. This ramp signals’ recognizer increases the autonomy of unmanned vehicles and prevents errors caused by visual misinterpretations or lack of attention from the pilot of manned vehicles. This system is based on supervised machine learning techniques, developed with our own training dataset and two models. The first model is based on a pre-trained Convolutional Pose Machine followed by a classifier, for which we have evaluated two possibilities: A Random Forest and a Multi-Layer Perceptron based classifier. The second model is based on a single Convolutional Neural Network that classifies the gestures directly imported from real images. When experimentally tested, the first model proved to be more accurate and scalable than the second one. Its strength relies on a better capacity to extract information from the images and transform the domain of pixels into spatial vectors, which increases the robustness of the classification layer. The second model instead is more adequate for gestures’ identification in low visibility environments, such as during night operations, conditions in which the first model appeared to be more limited, segmenting the shape of the operator. Our results support the use of supervised learning and computer vision techniques for the correct identification and classification of ramp hand signals performed by airport marshallers.
Poor Karnofsky performance status is not a contraindication for neurosurgical resection in patients with lung cancer brain metastases: a multicenter, retrospective PSM-IPTW cohort study
Authors: Liang Lun , Wen Liangbao , Qin Shixing , He Zhenqiang , Lu Jie , Cui Run , Jiang Xiaobing , Hu Hongrong , Zhong Sheng , Li Chang , Yu Chengwei , Xie Yuang , Wang Zhenning , Duan Hao , Mou Yonggao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Backgound
Neurosurgical resection is a standard local treatment for lung cancer brain metastases (BMs). This study aims to investigate whether neurosurgical resection provides survival benefit in lung cancer BMs with poor KPS.

Materials and methods
This multicenter retrospective study included 386 lung cancer BMs with pretreatment KPS ≤ 70 among a total of 1177 lung cancer BMs treated at three centers from August 2010 to July 2021. Data analysis was performed from July to September 2022. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity scores matching (PSM) based on propensity scoring were used to minimize bias. The main outcome was overall survival (OS) after diagnosis of BMs. Risk factors of OS were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. All Characteristics were included in the multivariate Cox regression.

Results
386 patients with pretreatment KPS ≤ 70 were included (age mean [SD], 57.85 [10.36] years; KPS mean [SD], 60.91 [10.11]). Among them, 111 patients received neurosurgical resection, while 275 patients did not. Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups after IPTW or PSM. Neurosurgical resection was associated with significantly better prognosis in unadjusted multivariate COX analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.91, P = 0.01), and PSM-adjusted multivariate COX analysis (HR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.39–0.94, P = 0.03), IPTW-adjusted multivariate COX analysis (HR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.40–0.84, P = 0.004). OS was significantly longer in neurosurgical resection group compared with non-surgical resection group according to unadjusted data (Median OS, surgery vs non-surgery, 14.7 vs 12.5 months, P = 0.01), PSM-adjusted data (median OS, 17.7 vs 12.3 months, P < 0.01) and IPTW-adjusted data (median OS, 17.7 vs 12.5 months, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Neurosurgical resection was associated with improved survival in patients with lung cancer BMs with poor KPS, suggesting that poor KPS is not a contraindication for neurosurgical resection in these patients.
Modeling Framework for the Simulation of an Electric Smelting Furnace Considering Freeze Lining Formation
Authors: Rodrigues Christian M. G. , Wu Menghuai , Ishmurzin Anton , Hackl Gernot , Voller Nikolaus , Ludwig Andreas , Kharicha Abdellah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of freeze linings to protect pyrometallurgical furnaces from chemically corrosive molten slags is a widespread technique in industrial processes. The main goal of the present study is to establish a modeling framework that considers fluid flow, heat transfer, and slag solidification to simulate freeze-lining formation and its dependency on operating conditions. A mixture continuum solidification model, which had been used for the solidification of metal alloys, was employed. Several parametric studies have been conducted to better understand the smelting process. The results demonstrate that the model can capture freeze-lining formation and predict the global energy balance and flow behavior of the smelting furnace. The freeze-lining thickness was shown to depend on heat removal intensity during the process and slag bath chemistry. A direct relationship between the average temperature in the refractory and freeze-lining thickness was also observed. This is an important indicator for furnace operators in controlling the furnace operation parameters. This improved knowledge offers the potential to further optimize furnace operations and reduce energy costs and environmental impacts. A discussion was presented on the different modeling assumptions considered and potential future model refinements.
Surgical treatment of urachal remnants in an adult population—a single-centre experience
Authors: Ryan Paul C. , Kelly Caroline , Afridi Irfan , Fawaz Aisling , Aboelmagd Mohammed , Cullen Ivor M. , Keane John P. , Daly Padraig J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Urachal remnants are a rare congenital defect resulting from failure of obliteration of a fibrous tube that connects the umbilicus to the bladder dome during embryological development. Oftentimes a urachal remnant will go undiagnosed, but occasionally a patient may present with a variety of symptoms, ultimately leading to the identification of the remnant. Given its rarity, there is very limited literature available on the management of symptomatic urachal remnants, especially in adults. Surgical resection has been the first-line management of urachal remnants for years, especially given the risk of the development of urachal adenocarcinoma secondary to recurrent infection, persistent irritation, and urinary stasis associated with some urachal remnants.

Aim
We present our experience in the management of symptomatic urachal remnants in adults at our institute and perform a brief literature review of the same.

Methods
A retrospective review of all cases who underwent surgical management of symptomatic urachal remnants between December 2015 and January 2022 was performed. Seven cases of urachal remnant excision in total were identified over the time period. Patient characteristics and perioperative parameters were analysed. Post-operative complications were measured in accordance with the Clavien-Dindo grading system.

Result
In total, 7 cases of urachal remnants were treated at our institute over the study period. Four patients were treated with a TURBT and 3 patients were treated with a laparoscopic partial cystectomy. There were no intraoperative complications and one post-operative complication requiring readmission for intravenous antibiotics. There was one mortality but this was not as a direct result of the operative procedure. Mean length of stay was 1.71 days. Two of patients had histologically confirmed urachal adenocarcinoma and the remaining five patients had benign histology. Each patient was seen in the outpatients department 6 weeks post-operatively for clinical review and review of histology. No further follow-up was required for the patients with benign histology given resolution of symptoms and follow-up for the malignant histology was arranged appropriately following MDM.

Conclusion
There is a paucity of data available on the management of urachal remnants in the adult population; however, an endoscopic or laparoscopic approach is a safe and effective method of excising symptomatic urachal remnants.
Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum of quinolizidines isolated from three controlled-growth Genisteae plants: structure–activity relationship implications
Authors: Cely-Veloza Willy , Yamaguchi Lydia , Quiroga Diego , Kato Massuo J. , Coy-Barrera Ericsson 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Genisteae tribe belongs to the Fabaceae family. The wide occurrence of secondary metabolites, explicitly highlighting the quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs), characterizes this tribe. In the present study, twenty QAs (1–20), including lupanine (1–7), sparteine (8–10), lupanine (11), cytisine and tetrahydrocytisine (12–17), and matrine (18–20)-type QAs were extracted and isolated from leaves of three species (i.e., Lupinus polyphyllus ('rusell' hybrid), Lupinus mutabilis, and Genista monspessulana) belonging to the Genisteae tribe. These plant sources were propagated under greenhouse conditions. The isolated compounds were elucidated by analyzing their spectroscopical data (MS, NMR). The antifungal effect on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum (Fox) of each isolated QA was then evaluated through the amended medium assay. The best antifungal activity was found to be for compounds 8 (IC50 = 16.5 µM), 9 (IC50 = 7.2 µM), 12 (IC50 = 11.3 µM), and 18 (IC50 = 12.3 µM). The inhibitory data suggest that some QAs could efficiently inhibit Fox mycelium growth depending on particular structural requirements deduced from structure–activity relationship scrutinies. The identified quinolizidine-related moieties can be involved in lead structures to develop further antifungal bioactives against Fox.
Improving Wildfire Probability Modeling by Integrating Dynamic-Step Weather Variables over Northwestern Sichuan, China
Authors: Chen Rui , He Binbin , Quan Xingwen , Lai Xiaoying , Fan Chunquan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWildfire occurrence is attributed to the interaction of multiple factors including weather, fuel, topography, and human activities. Among them, weather variables, particularly the temporal characteristics of weather variables in a given period, are paramount in predicting the probability of wildfire occurrence. However, rainfall has a large influence on the temporal characteristics of weather variables if they are derived from a fixed period, introducing additional uncertainties in wildfire probability modeling. To solve the problem, this study employed the weather variables in continuous nonprecipitation days as the “dynamic-step” weather variables with which to improve wildfire probability modeling. Multisource data on weather, fuel, topography, infrastructure, and derived variables were used to model wildfire probability based on two machine learning methods—random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The results indicate that the accuracy of the wildfire probability models was improved by adding dynamic-step weather variables into the models. The variable importance analysis also verified the top contribution of these dynamic-step weather variables, indicating the effectiveness of the consideration of dynamic-step weather variables in wildfire probability modeling.