bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putative role of HLA polymorphism among a Brazilian HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) population
Authors: Schor Doris , Porto Luís Cristóvão , Roma Eric Henrique , Castro-Alves Julio , Villela Anna Paula , Araújo Abelardo Q. C. , Glória Bonecini-Almeida Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAround ten million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide, and 1–4% develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), characterized by an important degeneration of the spinal cord, which can lead to death. Distinct HLA alleles have been associated with either HAM/TSP susceptibility or protection. However, these HLA alleles set may change according to the population studied. Brazil is the second country in the number of HTLV-1-infected people and there are few reports addressing the HLA influence on HTLV-1 infection as well as on disease outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of HLA alleles as a risk factor for HAM/TSP and the proviral load (PVL) levels, clinical progression, and death outcomes in an admixed Brazilian population. The HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 were genotyped in 375 unrelated HTLV-1-infected individuals divided into asymptomatic carriers (AC) (n = 165) and HAM/TSP (n = 210) in a longitudinal cohort from 8 to 22 years of follow-up. Because locus B deviated from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium for the study groups, the results represented for HLA-B alleles were inconclusive. The alleles HLA-A*68 and -C*07 were related to HAM/TSP risk in multivariate analysis. The alleles HLA-A*33, and -A*36 were associated with protection against disease progression in HAM/TSP patients, while -C*12, -C*14, and -DRB1*08 were associated with increased risk of death. In the AC group, the presence of, -C*06 and -DRB1*15 alleles influenced an increased PVL, in an adjusted linear regression model, while -A*30, -A*34, -C*06, -C*17 and -DRB1*09 alleles were associated with increased PVL in HAM/TSP group compared to HAM/TSP individuals not carrying these alleles. All these alleles were also related to increased PVL associated with clinical progression outcome. Increased PVL associated with the death outcome was linked to the presence of HLA-A*30. PVL has been associated with HLA, and several alleles were related in AC and HAM/TSP patients with or without interacting with clinical progression outcomes. Understanding the prognostic value of HLA in HAM/TSP pathogenesis can provide important biomarkers tools to improve clinical management and contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic interventions.
Brain activity underlying visual search in depth when viewing volumetric multiplanar images
Authors: Naderi Mehrdad , Pladere Tatjana , Alksnis Reinis , Krumina Gunta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study investigated the cortical activity associated with 3D and 2D image perception on a volumetric multiplanar display by analyzing event-related potentials (ERPs) and power spectral density (PSD). In this study, we used a volumetric multiplanar display to present visual targets, and the brain signals were recorded via an EEG amplifier and analyzed using the EEGLAB toolbox on MATLAB. The study found no significant differences in amplitude between the 3D and 2D conditions across five occipital and parietal electrodes. However, there was a significant difference in latency of the P3 component on the Pz electrode. The analysis of PSD showed no significant differences between the two conditions, although there was a slightly higher alpha and beta activity observed in the 2D visualization. The study concluded that 3D image representation on a volumetric multiplanar display has no more sensory or cognitive load on the human brain than 2D representation, and that depth perception on a multiplanar display requires less brain activity.
Online quantum time series processing with random oscillator networks
Authors: Nokkala Johannes 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReservoir computing is a powerful machine learning paradigm for online time series processing. It has reached state-of-the-art performance in tasks such as chaotic time series prediction and continuous speech recognition thanks to its unique combination of high computational power and low training cost which sets it aside from alternatives such as traditionally trained recurrent neural networks, and furthermore is amenable to implementations in dedicated hardware, potentially leading to extremely compact and efficient reservoir computers. Recently the use of random quantum systems has been proposed, leveraging the complexity of quantum dynamics for classical time series processing. Extracting the output from a quantum system without disturbing its state too much is problematic however, and can be expected to become a bottleneck in such approaches. Here we propose a reservoir computing inspired approach to online processing of time series consisting of quantum information, sidestepping the measurement problem. We illustrate its power by generalizing two paradigmatic benchmark tasks from classical reservoir computing to quantum information and introducing a task without a classical analogue where a random system is trained to both create and distribute entanglement between systems that never directly interact. Finally, we discuss partial generalizations where only the input or only the output time series is quantum.
Polarization-insensitive planar patch antenna with large embedded serial capacitance for on-metal tag design
Authors: Murugesh Muthukannan , Lim Eng-Hock , Chee Pei-Song , Bong Fwee-Leong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA polarization-insensitive planar patch antenna, which has a large embedded serial capacitance, is proposed for constructing a metal mountable tag by using merely a single radiator. The proposed antenna structure itself contains two flaps of patches, which are very closely overlapped, for generating a large capacitive reactance for reducing the resonant frequency of the tag. It has been found that the surface currents in the overlapped region are in the reverse direction as the large capacitance is virtually placed in series. This feature has been tactfully employed for producing a pair of orthogonal currents for designing the polarization-insensitive tag antenna and it can generate orthogonal fields in a unique way, making it readable from almost all directions at all points above the metal surface. For analyzing the impedance properties, an equivalent circuit was also constructed. This tag antenna is compact, and it can be read from ~ 15 m with 4W EIRP. Furthermore, the tag resonant frequency is shown to be unaffected much by its backing material. The proposed tag antenna is polarization-insensitve as it can be accessible from almost all directions on the metal.
Neuronal selectivity for stimulus information determines prefrontal LFP gamma power regardless of task execution
Authors: Singh Balbir , Wang Zhengyang , Constantinidis Christos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLocal field potential (LFP) power in the gamma frequency is modulated by cognitive variables during task execution. We sought to examine whether such modulations only emerge when task rules are established. We therefore analyzed neuronal firing and LFPs in different prefrontal subdivisions before and after the same monkeys were trained to perform cognitive tasks. Prior to task rule learning, sites containing neurons selective for stimuli already exhibited increased gamma power during and after the passive viewing of stimuli compared to the baseline period. Unexpectedly, when the same monkeys learned to maintain these stimuli in working memory, the elevation of gamma power above the baseline was diminished, despite an overall increase in firing rate. Learning and executing the task further decoupled LFP power from single neuron firing. Gamma power decreased at the time when subjects needed to make a judgment about whether two stimuli were the same or not, and differential gamma power was observed for matching and nonmatching stimuli. Our results indicate that prefrontal gamma power emerges spontaneously, not necessarily tied to a cognitive task being executed.
GAN‐LSTM‐3D: An efficient method for lung tumour 3D reconstruction enhanced by attention‐based LSTM
Authors: Hong Lu , Modirrousta Mohammad Hossein , Hossein Nasirpour Mohammad , Mirshekari Chargari Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Fardin , Moravvej Seyed Vahid , Rezvanishad Leila , Rezvanishad Mohammadreza , Bakhshayeshi Ivan , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Razzak Imran , Alinejad‐Rokny Hamid , Nahavandi Saeid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) image reconstruction of tumours can visualise their structures with precision and high resolution. In this article, GAN‐LSTM‐3D method is proposed for 3D reconstruction of lung cancer tumours from 2D CT images. Our method consists of three phases: lung segmentation, tumour segmentation, and tumour 3D reconstruction. Lung segmentation is done using snake optimisation followed by tumour segmentation using Gustafson‐Kessel (GK) clustering method. The outputs of GK (2D lung cancer images) are fed to a pre‐trained Visual Geometry Group (VGG) for feature extraction. The VGG outputs are used as input for an attention‐based LSTM which performs feature unpacking. The output of LSTM units is given to generator network of a Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model to carry out 3D reconstruction of (normal/cancerous) images with high quality. During training, the discriminator network of the GAN is used to judge the generator outputs. The authors to the best of their knowledge were the first to use GAN for 3D reconstruction of lung cancer tumours which is the primary contribution of this article. Moreover, existing studies are mostly focused on brain tumours and are not suitable for lung tumour reconstruction. Focusing on lung tumours is the second contribution of this article. Evaluation on LUNA data collection against existing methods like MC, MC + fairing etc. reveals the superiority of our method in terms of Hamming and Euclidean distance metrics. Additionally, the computational complexity of the proposed method is lower compared to evaluated methods.
Design and 3D printing of porous cavity insulation structure for ultra‐high electrical withstanding capability
Authors: Yang Xiong , Sun Guangyu , Song Baipeng , Han Wenhu , Wang Chao , Li Wendong , Zhang Shu , Song Falun , Zou Fangzheng , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVacuum‐dielectric interface is the most vulnerable part of vacuum insulation systems where surface electrical breakdown is prone to happen, hence severely restricts the development of advanced electro‐vacuum devices with large capacity and its miniaturisation. Generally, a direct and effective way to improve vacuum surface insulation is to alleviate the initiation and development of multipactor phenomena. Inspired by this approach, the authors report a 3D‐printed insulation structure designed with a millimetre‐scale surface cavity covered by periodic through‐pore array via stereolithography, exhibiting remarkable multipactor suppression and flashover threshold improvement, well outperforming the conventional flashover mitigation strategies. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that electrons in the multipactor region pass through‐pores and are unlikely to escape from the cavity, hence no longer participate in the above‐surface multipactor process, and eventually improve flashover threshold. The proposed approach provides new inspiration for the design of advanced insulators featuring ultra‐high electrical withstanding capability and brings up new insight into pertinent industrial applications.
An intelligent radar signal classification and deinterleaving method with unified residual recurrent neural network
Authors: Al‐Malahi Abdulrahman , Farhan Abobaker , Feng HanCong , Almaqtari Omar , Tang Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe accuracy of radar emitter signal sorting nowadays deteriorates due to the high flexibility and complexity of modern radar pulse streams and the density of crowded electromagnetic environment. In modern radar signal sorting based on pulse repetition interval, conventional methods usually fail to achieve acceptable accuracy and lack stable performance for two main reasons: (1) Conventional methods require a large number of pulses in the stream, which is not practical in many applications. (2) These methods are sensitive to pulse loss and random noise pulses. These two reasons are the main problem that is addressed in this paper. Our proposed model is a machine learning architecture called Unified Residual Recurrent Neural Network (URRNN). In this architecture, residual neural network and recurrent neural network are combined and modified to alleviate the forementioned shortcomings of traditional approaches and enhance the model performance in both classification and deinterleaving tasks. This aim is achieved due to the fact that URRNN extracts both spatial and temporal features, which means more information about processed stream that is exploited to enhance model performance. Three different architectural combinations of URRNN, which show high accuracy and reasonable processing time, are built and trained. The structural and functional description are provided for each architecture. Simulation demonstrates high accuracy and reliable performance of the proposed methods in different circumstances. The results are compared with the results obtained by other conventional machine learning techniques.
Improving Detection Rates for Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Libianto Renata , Stowasser Michael , Russell Grant , Fuller Peter J , Yang Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA), once considered a rare disease, is being increasingly
recognized as an important cause of hypertension. It is associated with higher
rates of cardiovascular complications compared to blood pressure-matched
essential hypertension. Targeted treatments are available which can mitigate the
excess cardiovascular risks and, in some cases, cure hypertension. Making a
timely diagnosis of PA is, therefore, highly beneficial for patients.
Furthermore, numerous studies from different parts of the world have found PA to
be a relatively common disease that can affect patients in any stage of
hypertension, regardless of their age or potassium levels. Despite this
well-established data, the current rate of PA detection is appallingly low, much
below its actual prevalence. This review explores the challenges that clinicians
often face in diagnosing PA and offers strategies that may improve the detection
of this potentially curable form of hypertension.
Effektivität eines körperlichen Trainings zur
Reduktion niedrig-traumatischer und osteoporotischer Hauptfrakturen in
Erwachsenen. Systematische Übersichtsarbeit und
Meta-Analyse
Authors: Shojaa Mahdieh , Hoffmann Isabelle , Kohl Matthias , von Stengel Simon , Becker Clemens , Gosch Markus , Jakob Franz , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Kladny Bernd , Lange Uwe , Peters Stefan , Schöne Daniel , Sieber Cornel , Thomasius Friederike , Uder Michael , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungZiel dieses systematischen Reviews mit Metaanalyse war es den Effekt
körperlichen Trainings auf die Frakturinzidenz niedrig-traumatischer
Gesamt- und osteoporotischer Hauptfrakturen zu erfassen. Eine systematische
Literaturrecherche in sechs Literaturdatenbanken gemäß der
PRISMA-Leitlinie wurde bis zum 22. Mai 2021 durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen
wurden klinische Trainingsstudien mit (a) Personen≥45 Jahren, (b)
Kohorten ohne relevante pharmakologische Therapie oder Behandlung mit Einfluss
auf Knochenstoffwechsel oder Sturz, (c) einer Interventionsdauer von≥3
Monaten und (d) einer Erfassung der Anzahl niedrig-traumatischer Frakturen, die
getrennt für die Trainings- (TG) und Kontrollgruppe (KG)
aufgeführt wurden. Die Untersuchung wurde in PROSPERO registriert (ID:
CRD42021250467). Für die Analyse wurde ein bedingtes
Poisson-Regressionsmodell mit gemischten Effekten verwendet. Zwanzig
Interventionsstudien mit 21 TG versus 20 KG und insgesamt 11,836
Teilnehmerjahren in der TG und 11,275 Teilnehmerjahren in der KG wurden
eingeschlossen. Es zeigten sich statistisch signifikante Effekte für die
Gesamtfraktur- (Inzidenzrate: 0.67, 95%-Konfidenz-Intervall:
0.51–0.87) und osteoporotischen Hauptfraktur-Rate (IR: 0.69,
95%-KI: 0.52–0.92). Die Heterogenität der
Studienergebnisse (I2=40 und
I2<1%) sowie wie die Evidenz eines
Publikations-/small-study „Bias“ lag in einem insgesamt
niedrig-moderaten Bereich. Trotz einiger biometrischer Limitationen zeigt die
Arbeit die hohe Relevanz körperlichen Trainings im Rahmen der
Frakturprophylaxe selbstständig lebender Menschen in mittleren-hohen
Lebensalter deutlich auf. Die vorgelegten Daten für niedrig-traumatische
Gesamt- und osteoporotischen Hauptfrakturen liegen dabei im Bereich moderner
pharmakologischer Therapie.
Extracting Pain Care Quality Indicators from U.S. Veterans Health Administration Chiropractic Care Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: C. Coleman Brian , Finch Dezon , Wang Rixin , L. Luther Stephen , Heapy Alicia , Brandt Cynthia , J. Lisi Anthony 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal pain is common in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), and there is growing national use of chiropractic services within the VHA. Rapid expansion requires scalable and autonomous solutions, such as natural language processing (NLP), to monitor care quality. Previous work has defined indicators of pain care quality that represent essential elements of guideline-concordant, comprehensive pain assessment, treatment planning, and reassessment.
Objective Our purpose was to identify pain care quality indicators and assess patterns across different clinic visit types using NLP on VHA chiropractic clinic documentation.
Methods Notes from ambulatory or in-hospital chiropractic care visits from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019 for patients in the Women Veterans Cohort Study were included in the corpus, with visits identified as consultation visits and/or evaluation and management (E&M) visits. Descriptive statistics of pain care quality indicator classes were calculated and compared across visit types.
Results There were 11,752 patients who received any chiropractic care during FY2019, with 63,812 notes included in the corpus. Consultation notes had more than twice the total number of annotations per note (87.9) as follow-up visit notes (34.7). The mean number of total classes documented per note across the entire corpus was 9.4 (standard deviation [SD]  =  1.5). More total indicator classes were documented during consultation visits with (mean  =  14.8, SD  =  0.9) or without E&M (mean  =  13.9, SD  =  1.2) compared to follow-up visits with (mean  =  9.1, SD  =  1.4) or without E&M (mean  =  8.6, SD  =  1.5). Co-occurrence of pain care quality indicators describing pain assessment was high.
Conclusion VHA chiropractors frequently document pain care quality indicators, identifiable using NLP, with variability across different visit types.
Ideal Nasal Preferences: A Quantitative Investigation with 3D Imaging in the Iranian Population
Authors: Tavakoli Kiarash , Sazgar Amir K. , Hasanzade Arman , Sazgar Amir A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Though in facial plastic surgery, the ideal nasal characteristics are defined by average European-American facial features known as neoclassical cannons, many ethnicities do not perceive these characteristics as suitable.
Methods To investigate the preferences for nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle, dorsal height, alar width, and nasal tip projection, manipulated pictures of one male and one female model were shown to 203 volunteer patients from a tertiary university hospital's facial plastic clinic.
Results The most esthetically preferred nasofrontal angles were 137.64 ± 4.20 degrees for males and 133.55 ± 4.53 degrees for females. Acute nasofrontal angles were more desirable in participants aged 25 to 44. The most preferred nasolabial angles were 107.56 ± 5.20 degrees and 98.92 ± 4.88 degrees, respectively. Volunteers aged 19 to 24 preferred more acute male nasolabial angles. A straight dorsum was the most desirable in both genders (0.03 ± 0.78 and 0.26 ± 0.75 mm, respectively). The ideal male and female alar widths were –0.51 ± 2.26 and –1.09 ± 2.18 mm, respectively. More 45- to 64-year-old volunteers preferred alar widths equal to intercanthal distance. The ideal female and male tip projections were 0.57 ± 0.01 and 0.56 ± 0.01, respectively.
Conclusion Results indicate that the general Iranian patients prefer thinner female noses with wider nasofrontal angles for both genders. However, the ideal nasolabial angles, dorsal heights, and tip projections were consistent with the neoclassical cannons. Besides ethnic differences, the trend of nasal beauty is also affected by gender, age, and prior history of esthetic surgery.
Temperature-Controlled Diastereoselective Doebner/Ugi Tandem Reaction
Authors: Sakhno Yana , Chebanov Valentyn , Radchenko Oleksandr , Saraev Vyacheslav , Shliapkina Yuliia , Kaidash Mariia , Shyshkina Mariia , Shishkina Svitlana , Musatov Vladimir , Desenko Sergey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNovel peptidomimetics containing a pyrrolone fragment were synthesized by a tandem combination of Doebner and Ugi type multicomponent reactions with controlled diastereoselectivity. This approach represents a convenient synthesis in the temperature range from 25 to 45 °C. In most cases, the new method allowed each diastereomer to be isolated separately.
First Clinical Report of Two RAB3GAP1 Pathogenic Variant in Warburg Micro Syndrome
Authors: Akkuş Nejmiye , Duman Tuğba Akın 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWarburg micro (WARBM) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe brain and eye abnormalities. Loss-of-function mutations in RAB18, RAB3GAP2, RAB3GAP1, or TBC1D20 can lead to this disease. Here, we present two unrelated WARBM syndrome patients who had an RAB3GAP1 c.559 C > T, (p.Arg187Ter) and c.520 C > T (p.Arg174Ter) homozygous state. Both patients had microcephaly, microphthalmia, microcornea, bilateral congenital cataracts, severe intellectual disability, and congenital hypotonia. Using the method of next-generation sequencing and sanger sequencing, we found two nonsense variations at the splice site in exon 7 of RAB3GAP1 in the WARBM syndrome patients. The mutations were predicted to cause the syndrome due to the early stop codon, and the patients had the WARBM1 syndrome. We present the first clinical report of two different unreported variants with RAB3GAP1 mutation in the literature.
Ethnic discrimination in Scandinavia: evidence from a field experiment in women’s amateur soccer
Authors: Storm Rasmus K. , Nesseler Cornel , Holum Marthe , Nygaard Andreas , Jakobsen Tor Georg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we examine ethnic discrimination using sport as a laboratory. Applying a field experiment in the three Scandinavian countries—Sweden, Norway, and Denmark—we test whether foreign female minority groups experience greater rejection rates when seeking inclusion in amateur soccer clubs. Soccer coaches were contacted by e-mail using native and foreign-sounding names from selected groups, requesting to participate in trial practice. Previous findings show persistent discrimination of foreign minority groups in the labour market, and recent work suggests that discrimination also occurs in the context of soccer. Our findings from Scandinavia show that Sweden is the only country that shows statistically significant signs of discriminatory patterns, and the probability of experiencing discrimination increases with cultural distance. However, cultural distance appears to have no influence in Norway and Denmark. We further investigate whether male or female coaches demonstrate different discriminatory behaviour when being contacted, but our analysis shows almost no gender differences. Findings suggest that how men and women differ in their discriminatory behaviour is context specific. The differences identified across nations and previous studies are discussed to better understand the mechanisms of discrimination.