bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensification of the lacustrine methane cycle during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event
Authors: Huang Yizhou , Jin Xin , Pancost Richard , Kemp David , Naafs Bernhard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ca. 183 Ma) was one of the most intense perturbations of Earth’s System of the last 250 million year. It was associated with the large-scale emission of 12C-enriched carbon, global warming, and increased organic carbon burial. Although the T-OAE and its impact on climate and biogeochemical cycles are well-documented for the marine realm, the impact on continental biogeochemical cycles that could provide powerful positive feedback mechanisms that exacerbate the initial perturbation is poorly understood. Here we show that the stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of bacterial lipids (hopanoids) became very depleted during the T-OAE in the Ordos Basin, a large inland lake in northern China. We interpret these data as reflecting a transient increase in aerobic methane consumption in the lake due to increased methane production in the lake sediments. The surplus depletion in hopanoid 13C coincides with the appearance of biomarker evidence for photic zone euxinia, indicating a link between lakes’ water column stratification / deoxygenation and intensification of the methane cycle. Our results indicate that the T-OAE had a direct impact on terrestrial biogeochemical cycles that could have provided a positive feedback, enhancing and prolonging its duration.
High-protein, low glycemic index snack from optimized blend of three wholegrains exhibit nutraceutical quality and elicit low glycemic response in diabetic human subjects
Authors: Olagunju Aderonke , Arigbede Titilope , Oyeleye Sunday , Makanjuola Solomon , Oyebode Esther T. , Enikuomehin Adenike 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Snack products are evolving as new carriers of functional ingredients with nutritional and health-promoting benefits. A blend of whole grains is increasingly being utilized to harness the functional potential of the grain mix. Amaranth, acha, and pearl millet grains flours were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), to obtain optimum blends (90:5:5 and 47.98:26.68:25.34) having high protein content and low glycemic index. Snack bar products from the blends were labelled MBY and MBZ. A total of 50 subjects were recruited. About 42% were overweight while 40% were obese. Each was allowed to consume snacks containing the equivalent of 50 g of carbohydrates. Finger prick was employed to evaluate the postprandial glucose response of snack products while venous blood was evaluated for antioxidant enzymes, carbohydrate-hydrolyzing activities, and insulin using standard methods. Consumption of the multigrain snacks elicited a stable postprandial response (133-141 mg/dL) with 16 and 24% postprandial decline. In addition, snacks had low to intermediate glycemic index (52 and 56) and reduced α-amylase/glucosidase activities compared to control snacks. Similarly, glutathione level, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in serum from subjects that consumed multigrain snacks were upregulated compared to control and market sample groups. Moreso, snack products promoted a reduction in serum insulin levels in diabetic subjects (45 and 17% for MBY and MBZ respectively). Following the nutraceutical properties displayed by the formulated snack especially MBY, it can be promoted as a functional snack for the management of diabetes while solving the limited snack product choice of diabetes sufferers.
A 3-month survival model after Gamma Knife surgery in patient with brain metastasis from lung cancer with Karnofsky performance status ≤ 70
Authors: Park Hangeul , Chung Hyun-Tai , Kim Jin-Wook , Dho Yun-Sik , Lee Eun Jung 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for brain metastasis (BM) has been generally advocated for patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scale of ≥ 70. However, some patients with a poor KPS scale of < 70 are recoverable after GKS and show durable survival. A purpose of this study is to devise a 3-month survival prediction model to screen patients with BM with a KPS of ≤ 70 in whom GKS is needed. A retrospective analysis of 67 patients with a KPS scale of 60–70 undergoing GKS for BM of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2016 to 2020 in our institute was performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate factors related to survival for more than 3 months after GKS. The probability (P) prediction model was designed by giving a weight corresponding to the odds ratio of the variables. The overall survival was 9.9 ± 12.7 months (range, 0.2–53.2), with a 3-month survival rate of 59.7% (n = 40). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, extracranial disease (ECD) control (p = .033), focal neurological deficit (FND) (p = .014), and cumulative tumor volume (∑ TV) (p = .005) were associated with 3-month survival. The prediction model of 3-month survival (Harrell’s C index = 0.767) was devised based on associated factors. In conclusion, GKS for BMs is recommended in selected patients, even if the KPS scale is ≤ 70.
Topoclimate of the Zahlé region (Eastern Lebanon)
Authors: Zeinaldine Rabih , Dahech Salem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This work examines the topoclimatic characteristics of Zahlé, specifically thermal breezes and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Three-hourly data from 1994 to 2021 from conventional weather stations shows a frequency of breezes in the summer season of 74%. In Rayak, mountain and valley breezes have been noticed alternating between day and night, channeled by the topography of the Bekaa Valley. In Houch El Oumaraa, valley-sea breezes dominate during the day and country-mountain breezes occur at night. These breezes affect the distribution of air temperature and humidity, creating an average thermal contrast of 4.3°C between the city and its surrounding countryside at night. Data from weather stations implanted in 2022 and car surveys at a fine scale (half hourly data) level has confirmed the previous findings: During nighttime, the mountain breeze dominates and brings cool and moist air from the mountains into the valley at a low speed (<1 m/s). During the day, a valley breeze dominates from 9 am to 3 pm and can reach speeds of up to 4 m/s. Additionally, a sea breeze with faster speeds (5 m/s) is present between 1 pm and 3 pm, lasting until 9 pm. The car surveys indicate a temperature variation of 9 ℃ between the valley and the surrounding urban areas during early morning.
Redo mitral valve replacement in an adult atrioventricular septal defect heart with severe pulmonary hypertension: A case study
Authors: Sugiyama Kayo , Matsuyama Katsuhiko , Ogino Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (Nice PH classification group-II) improves when left heart disease is treated, but optimal medication for group-II PH is still controversial.
Case presentation
A 37-year-old female who had undergone patch closure for a partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), and mitral valve replacement with a rather large bioprosthesis at juxtaannular position for mitral regurgitation was referred to our institute because of severe PH. Echocardiography revealed severe calcification of the bioprosthesis, and its stent post protrusion into the left ventricular outflow tract, therefore, redo mitral valve replacement at the supraannular position using a mechanical valve was performed successfully. Postoperatively PH gradually improved with meticulous medical management.
Conclusions
Narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract in AVSD is well-known; however, potentially occurred left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) due to its stent post and extremely severe group-II PH due to severe calcification in bioprosthetic mitral valve should be minded.
Genotoxicity of Copper, Silver and Green Synthetic Gold Nanoparticles in fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: khan Ajmal , Khan Maghfoor , Shah Nazish , Khan Mansoor , Dawar Abidullah , Shah Ashraf Ali , Dawar Farmanullah , Khisroon M.K Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was exposed to nanoparticles of different concentrations i.e. copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and green synthetic gold nano particles (Au-NPs) each for a period of 14 and 28 days. The DNA damage in the erythrocytes of Grass carp were detected through comet assay technique. The values of Total Comet Score (TCS) were noted for the exposed concentrations with a significant increasing trend (p < 0.05) and ordered as CuO-NPs > Ag-NPs > Au-NPs. The highest TCS value of the exposed erythrocytes was recorded for CuO-NPs at 40 mg L− 1 after 14 days of exposition period. Comparatively, TCS values of erythrocytes exposed to green synthetic Au-NPs at all the concentrations and exposed time was less as compared to the Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs. The study confirmed the adverse effects of nanoparticles on the genetic material of fish cells.
Groundwater Level Complexity Analysis Based on Multifractal Characteristics: A Case Study in Baotu Spring Basin, China
Authors: Niu Shuyao , Shu Longcang , Li Hu , Li Yuxi , Guo Jianmin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Groundwater resources are important natural resources that must be appropriately managed. Because groundwater level fluctuation typically exhibits non-stationarity, revealing its complex characteristics is of scientific and practical significance for understanding the response mechanism of the groundwater level to natural or human factors. Therefore, employing multifractal analysis to detect groundwater level variation irregularities is necessary. In this study, multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) was applied to study the multifractal characteristics of the groundwater level in the Baotu Spring Basin and further detect the complexity of groundwater level variation. The main results indicate that groundwater level variation in the Baotu Spring Basin exhibited multifractal characteristics, and multifractality originated from broad probability density function (PDF) and the long-range correlation of the hydrological series. The groundwater level fluctuations in wells 358 and 361 exhibited a high complexity, those in wells 287 and 268 were moderately complex, and the groundwater level fluctuations in wells 257 and 305 were characterized by a low complexity. The spatial variability of hydrogeological conditions resulted in spatial heterogeneity in the groundwater level complexity. This study could provide important reference value for the analysis of the nonlinear response mechanism of groundwater to its influencing factors and the development of hydrological models.
Analysis of historic drought condition based on SPI and SPEI at various timescales in the South Saskatchewan Watershed, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Mousavi Roya , Johnson Dan L , Kroebel Roland , Byrne James M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With global warming and alterations of climatic patterns, greater frequency and severity of extreme events are observed in different regions. Drought is one of the most challenging extreme events, one which can cause catastrophic and long-lasting impacts on water availability, environment, agriculture, economy, and societies. This study investigates the historic changes of drought conditions in Southern Alberta which is home to communities whose main economic activity is agriculture, or otherwise related to environmental variables, and has experienced severe droughts in the past. We employed SPI (standardized precipitation index) and SPEI (standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index) as drought indicators at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month(s) timescales, to explore significant changes during 1980–2018. The indices were computed using a Daymet-gridded dataset for the South Saskatchewan River Watershed (SSRW). Constructed drought occurrence maps revealed that, on average, in nearly half of the analysis period, the region experienced drought. Comparing four past decades showed that drought impacted a larger area in 2000–2010, and the percentage of the area impacted by severe or extreme droughts significantly increased in the last two decades, compared to 1980–2000. Results show decreasing trends of drought in some areas, mainly in the headwaters of Bow River in the Rocky Mountains, and increasing trends in larger areas, mostly found downstream. The result denotes expansion of the dry/wet conditions to larger areas at longer timescales. The extent of areas with a significant trend (increasing/decreasing) was greater with longer timescales of drought indices. Comparing the two drought indices suggests significant differences, and outperformance of SPEI in detecting dry conditions.
LncRNA NEAT1 antagonizes the inhibition of melanoma proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT by Polyphyllin B
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Wang Meng , Liu Xiaxia , Chen Xin , Cheng Hui , Wang Guokai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Polyphyllin B (PPB) is a compound with anti-tumor effects. Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a long-stranded noncoding RNA that induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role and mechanism of PPB on melanoma and the correlation between them remain unclear. In this study we screened NEAT1 by using LncRNA transcriptomic sequencing, and then transfected B16F10 cells using OVER-NEAT1 lentivirus. Next, we found that PPB had significant proliferation inhibition of melanoma and B16F10 cells through MTT assay and establishment of mouse subcutaneous transplantation tumor model; in addition, through wound healing assay, transwell assay and establishment of mouse melanoma lung metastasis model, we found that PPB significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of B16F10 cells in vitro, and inhibited the metastasis of melanoma to lung, bone and liver in vivo. Finally, changes in the expression levels of EMT-related proteins were assessed by western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry, and PPB significantly downregulated the expression levels of MMP-9, N-cadherin, etc., and upregulated E-cadherin. While overexpressed NEAT1 showed the ability to promote melanoma proliferation, migration and invasion, in addition to partially reversed the inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma by PPB mentioned above.
Synergistic correlated states and nontrivial topology in coupled graphene-insulator heterostructures
Authors: Lu Xin , Zhang Shihao , Gao Xiang , Yang Kaining , Gao Yuchen , Ye Yu , Han Zheng , Liu Jianpeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study the synergistic correlated states in two distinct types of interacting electronic systems coupled by interlayer Coulomb interactions. We propose that this scenario can be realized in a new type of Coulomb-coupled graphene-insulator heterostructures with gate tunable band alignment. We find that, by virtue of the interlayer Coulomb coupling between the interacting electrons in the two layers, intriguing correlated physics that is not seen in either individual layer emerges in a cooperative and synergistic manner.
Specifically, as a result of the band alignment, charge carriers can be transferred between graphene and the substrate under the control of gate voltages, which can yield a long-wavelength electronic crystal at the surface of the substrate. This electronic crystal exerts a superlattice Coulomb potential on the Dirac electrons in graphene, which generates subbands with reduced non-interacting Fermi velocity. As a result, $e$-$e$ Coulomb interactions within graphene would play a more important role, giving rise to a gapped Dirac state at the charge neutrality point, accompanied by interaction-enhanced Fermi velocity.
Moreover, the superlattice potential can give rise to topologically nontrivial subband structures which are tunable by superlattice's constant and anisotropy. Reciprocally, the electronic crystal formed in the substrate can be substantially stabilized in such coupled bilayer heterostructure by virtue of the cooperative interlayer Coulomb coupling.
We further perform high-throughput first principles calculations to identify a number of promising insulating materials as candidate substrates for graphene to demonstrate these effects. Our findings provide new insights into the physics of correlated and topological electronic states in graphene-based heterostructures.
Machine Learning based Prediction and Diagnosis of Heart Disease using multiple models
Authors: Maurya Jyoti , Prakash Shiva 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, heart disease is considered to be the main cause of sickness. Since the majority of people are unaware of their own kind and severity of heart disease, heart disease is now a significant problem that affects people of all ages. On the other hand, manual approach of prediction is challenging and often requires the capability to choose the relevant approach. To resolve these issues, various machine-learning models are playing a vital role in automatic disease prediction in medical field. In this study, we have calculated and made a comparison of accuracy of various machine learning models such as SVM, KNN, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gaussian Naive Bayes, AdaBoost, Extra Tree Classifier and Gradient Boosting for prediction of heart disease using UCI repository dataset for training and testing of models. Among all the models used, the highest accuracy of 95.08% obtained by the Gradient Boosting model The major aim of the paper is to get a reliable, computationally effective machine learning algorithm for heart disease prediction.
Effects of larval exposure to sublethal doses of ivermectin on adult fitness and susceptibility to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae s.s.
Authors: Kiuru Caroline , Ominde Kelly , Muturi Martha , Babu Lawrence , Kung'u Caroline Wanjiku , Chaccour Carlos , Maia Marta Ferreira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The effects of ivermectin (endectocide) on mosquito survival has prompted it to be considered as a potential new malaria vector control tool. The drug can be administered to mosquito disease vectors through blood hosts that include humans and livestock. It’s increased use may cause contamination of larval habitats, either directly through livestock excreta, or indirectly, through leaching or run-off from contaminated soil albeit in sublethal doses. However, the effects of such exposure on immature stages, and the subsequent adults that emerge is poorly understood. This current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of ivermectin exposure on An. gambiae s.s. larvae and its effects on fitness, and susceptibility to ivermectin in the emerging adults.
Methods
Laboratory-reared Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Kilifi strain) larvae were exposed to five different ivermectin concentrations; 0, 0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.01 ppm, and larval survival monitored to determine the appropriate sub-lethal dose. Concentrations with survival greater than 50% (0.00001 and 0.0001 ppm) were selected and used as the sub-lethal doses. The fecundity, fertility, and susceptibility to ivermectin of adults emerging after larval exposure to the sub-lethal doses was examined.
Results
Overall, exposure of An. gambiae s.s. aquatic stages to ivermectin reduced larval survival irrespective of the stage at which the larvae were exposed. Exposure to ivermectin in the larval stage reduced the time taken to oviposition and did not have an effect on either the number of eggs laid nor the hatch rate. Additionally, exposure to ivermectin in the larval stage did not affect susceptibility of the emerging adults to the drug.
Conclusions
This study shows that contamination of larval habitats with ivermectin affects An. gambiae s.s. larval survival and could potentially have an impact on public health. However, there are no carry-over effects on the fecundity, fertility and susceptibility of the emerging adults to ivermectin. In addition, this study shows that environmental exposure to ivermectin in the larval habitats is unlikely to compromise the efficacy of ivermectin in the emerging adults.
Laser induced spectroscopy-based estimation of soil unconfined compressive strength: a machine learning approach
Authors: Wudil Y. S. , Al-Osta Mohammed A. , Al-Amoudi Omar S. Baghabra , Gondal M. A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an outstanding elemental detection and quantification technique employed in various fields such as engineering, science, and medicine. Machine learning techniques have generated a vast interest owing to their ability to predict unknown quantities based on previously trained algorithms. The soil unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is a critical quantity that aids engineers in auditing and designing fundamental geotechnical and environmental structures. It is a direct measure of the soil’s compaction strength. The traditional means of obtaining such a quantity is via the unconfined compression test in the laboratory. Nevertheless, the technique is time-consuming and costly, and the accuracy depends strongly on the equipment quality and expertise of the operator. Herein, we propose a pioneering method of estimating the soil UCS using machine learning algorithms based on the emission intensities of the constituent elements obtained from the LIBS system. Support vector regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF) regression algorithms were used in modeling the soil UCS. The models’ performance was measured based on standard metric performance indicators such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), R2-value, and the correlation coefficient (CC) between the predicted and experimental UCS values. Our results showed that the SVR outperformed the RF model with a CC of 97.9% and R2-value of 95.7% during the testing phase. The developed models were validated by investigating the UCS of lime and cement-stabilized soils whose input datasets were not considered during the model training, thus, indicating the accuracy and generalization strength of the models.