bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using clay mineralogy and micropalaeontological observations to unravel Neogene climate variations in Northern Arabia
Authors: Dietzel Christian A. F. , Berthold Christoph , Kirscher Uwe , Majidifard Mahmoud Reza , Böhme Madelaine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Zagros Mountain belt in Iran comprises an extensive record of Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits uplifted by collision of the Arabian and Iranian continental plates. This area has been shown to provide important information to decipher the climatic history of Western Asia, especially regarding the evolution of deserts in Mesopotamia and Northern Arabia. In a high-resolution geological record of 84 samples, we combine clay mineralogy and micropalaeontological observations to refine the late Neogene climate record in Northern Arabia. We investigated a 2.6-km-thick sedimentary profile from the Simply Folded Zagros Mountain belt spanning ca. 10.2 myrs from the late Middle Miocene (Serravallian) to earliest Pleistocene (Gelasian) comprising floodplain sediments and saline mudstones with a strong aeolian contribution. The clay fraction < 2 µm reveals palygorskite, smectite, illite, chlorite and the zeolite mineral erionite. Using clay mineralogy, arid conditions during the Serravallian and early Tortonian in Northern Arabia are identified, followed by semi-arid conditions during the late Tortonian. Clay mineralogy suggests a transition to sustained arid conditions during the early Messinian and provides a more complex picture on a previously proposed period of hyperaridity (NADX) in Northern Arabia penecontemporaneous with the apex of the Messinian salinity crisis.
The Battle for Geographical Indication Protection of Basmati Rice: A View from Nepal
Authors: Upreti Pratyush Nath 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article is a contribution to the debate on geographical indication (GI) protection for basmati rice, stressing its relevance to Nepal. After providing an overview of Nepal’s intellectual property regime, this article gives a detailed account of justifications for Nepal to oppose India’s European Union GI registration of basmati rice. The analysis, which highlights the connection between basmati rice and Nepalese society, focuses on the social and cultural values of basmati rice in local communities. The basmati rice controversy provides an opportunity for Nepal to brand its local product in order to penetrate both national and international markets. The GI system may be an auxiliary agent in achieving these goals.
Underutilization of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Northern Plains American Indians with Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Roberts Jon , Gauthier Chase , Teigen Luke , Row Hunter , Sandstrom Anne , Haldis Thomas , Dyke Cornelius 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has overtaken surgical aortic valve replacement and revolutionized the treatment strategy for aortic valve replacement. Little is known on the disparities among minorities, especially American Indians (AI), undergoing this procedure. We explore TAVR outcomes to identify disparities at our institution.

Methods
Retrospective chart review was completed on patients who underwent TAVR at a North Dakota community hospital between 2012 and 2021. There were 1133 non-AI and 20 AI patients identified (n = 1153). AI patients were identified by enrollment in nationally recognized tribes, Indian Health Service (IHS), or who self-identified as AI. Patient demographics, preoperative characteristics, procedural information, and outcomes were collected. United States 2020 census data was used for state-wide population racial percentages. Unpaired two tail t test assuming unequal variance and chi-squared tests were used to evaluate data and identify disparities between AI and non-AI.

Results
AI presented at an earlier age (71 vs. 79; p = .001) with higher rates of diabetes (60% vs. 35%; p = .018) and history of smoking (100% vs. 60%; p ≤ .001) than Caucasian/white (C/W). The Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) risk scores (3.2% vs. 4.6%; p = .054) and aortic valve mean gradients were lower among AI (42.8 mmHg vs. 47.5 mmHg; p = .010). For those deceased, AI had significantly shorter lifespans post-TAVR compared to C/W (374 days vs. 755 days; p = .004). AI from North Dakota had fewer TAVR procedures performed than expected (4 actual vs. 32 expected; p < .001).

Conclusions
AI undergoing TAVR presented earlier, with higher rates of diabetes and smoking, lower STS risk scores, and lesser aortic valve gradients than C/W. The number of TAVR procedures performed on AI from North Dakota was lower than anticipated despite a nearly 10-year period and the disparities experienced by AI who could have otherwise benefited from TAVR.
Simion and Kelp on trustworthy AI
Authors: Carter J. Adam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSimion and Kelp offer a prima facie very promising account of trustworthy AI. One benefit of the account is that it elegantly explains trustworthiness in the case of cancer diagnostic AIs, which involve the acquisition by the AI of a representational etiological function. In this brief note, I offer some reasons to think that their account cannot be extended — at least not straightforwardly — beyond such cases (i.e., to cases of AIs with non-representational etiological functions) without incurring the unwanted cost of overpredicting untrustworthiness.
Cancer is chronic but antimicrobial stewardship is iconic: A retrospective cohort of optimal antibiotic use in ambulatory oncology clinics
Authors: Ho Tiffany A. , Patterson Katelyn M. , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Kenney Rachel M. , Veve Michael P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory oncology clinics and to identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort of adult patients who received care at 4 ambulatory oncology clinics from May 2021 to December 2021. Patients were included if they actively followed with a hematologist-oncologist for a cancer diagnosis and received an antibiotic prescription for uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), urinary tract infection (UTI), or acute bacterial skin–skin structure infection (ABSSSI) at an oncology clinic. The primary outcome was receipt of optimal antibiotic therapy, defined as a composite of drug, dose, and duration according to local and national guidelines. Patient characteristics were described and compared; predictors of optimal antibiotic use were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
In total, 200 patients were included in this study: 72 (36%) received optimal antibiotics and 128 (64%) received suboptimal antibiotics. The proportions of patients receiving optimal therapy by indication were ABSSSI (52%), UTI (35%), URTI (27%), and LRTI (15%). The most common suboptimal prescribing components were dose (54%), selection (53%) and duration (23%). After adjusting for female sex and LRTI, ABSSSI (adjusted odds ratio, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–4.37) was associated with optimal antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic-associated adverse drug events occurred in 7 patients; 6 occurred patients who received prolonged durations and 1 occurred in a patient who received an optimal duration (P = .057).

Conclusions:
Suboptimal antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory oncology clinics is common and mostly driven by antibiotic selection and dosing. Duration of therapy may also be an area for improvement as national oncology guidelines have not adopted short-course therapy.
Development of a clinical and translational research curriculum for undergraduate students
Authors: James Laura , Venable Tara , Caro Andres , Moran Jeffrey H. , Nesmith Claire , Gannon Matthew A. , Cornett Lawrence E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Research participation during undergraduate years has a powerful influence on career selection and attitudes toward scientific research. Most undergraduate research programs in academic health centers are oriented toward basic research or address a particular disease focus or research discipline. Undergraduate research programs that expose students to clinical and translational research may alter student perceptions about research and influence career selection.

Methods:
We developed an undergraduate summer research curriculum, anchored upon a clinical and translational research study developed to address a common unmet needs in neonatal nurseries (e.g., assessment of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome). Program topics reflected the cross-disciplinary expertise that contributed to the development of this “bedside to bench” study, including opioid addiction, vulnerable populations, research ethics, statistics, data collection and management, assay development, analytical laboratory analysis, and pharmacokinetics. The curriculum was delivered through three offerings over 12 months, using Zoom video-conferencing due to restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
Nine students participated in the program. Two-thirds reported the course enhanced their understanding of clinical and translational research. Over three-quarters reported the curriculum topics were very good or excellent. In open-ended questions, students reported that the cross-disciplinary nature of the curriculum was the strongest aspect of the program.

Conclusion:
The curriculum could be readily adapted by other Clinical and Translational Science Award programs seeking to provide clinical and translational research-oriented programs to undergraduate students. Application of cross-disciplinary research approaches to a specific clinical and translational research question provides students with relevant examples of translational research and translational science.
Uneven States, Unequal Societies, and Democracy’s Unfulfilled Promises: Citizenship Rights in Chile and Contemporary Latin America
Authors: Luna Juan Pablo , Medel Rodrigo M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTIn contemporary Latin America, deep-seated social discontent with political elites and institutions has been, paradoxically, the counterpart of democratic stability and resilience. This paradox suggests that scholarly assessments of democracy are, at least partially, at odds with citizens’ own views of democracy. This article thus develops a framework to describe citizens’ everyday experience with civil, political, and social entitlements associated with democracy. It introduces the framework by analyzing the structural underpinnings of democratic discontent in Chile and then applying it to the analysis of perceived citizenship entitlements in 18 countries, using the AmericasBarometer data. Significant variance is observed across time and both across and within countries. The descriptive findings also imply that only a (declining) minority of Latin American citizens feel fully entitled to civil, political, and social citizenship rights. We advocate the need to bring the demand side of democracy back to the analysis of democratic shortcomings and crises.
Programmable metamaterials
Authors: Wu Rui Y. , Wu Liang W. , He Shi , Liu Shuo , Cui Tie J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a major approach for controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves, metamaterials have experienced an abundant and rapid development in the 21st century. They have provided flexible and powerful techniques for controlling EM waves and brought many unique applications that are difficult to realise with natural materials. With increasing demands on dynamic controls of the EM waves, many innovations have been conducted in both three-dimensional metamaterials and two-dimensional metasurfaces, in which the meta-atom has been gradually evolved from passive to active. In 2014, coding and digital mechanisms were initially introduced to the metamaterials, further advancing the appearance of digitally programmable metamaterials. The programmable metamaterials have shown great potentials in not only real-time manipulations of the EM waves, but also direct information processing on the EM wave level. In this article, we present an in-depth review of the programmable EM metamaterials and metasurfaces, focusing on the programmable features including theoretical concepts, implementing methods and applications in EM controls. We first give a short retrospect of traditional metamaterials and metasurfaces, followed by the concepts and detailed discussions of digital coding and field-programmable metamaterials. Then, we introduce space-domain, time-domain and space–time-domain programmable metamaterials and metasurfaces, mainly focusing on their theories, functionalities, experimental implementations, and system-level applications. Finally, we conclude the current advances of the programmable metamaterials and metasurfaces, and give a prospect for the future developments.
The Reference Class Problem and Probabilities in the Individual Case: A Response to Fuller
Authors: Devanesan Arjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a recent article on the interpretation of probability in evidence-based medical practice, Jonathan Fuller argues that we should interpret probabilities as credences in individual cases because this avoids some important problems. In this article, I argue that Fuller misidentifies the real issue and so fails to offer a meaningful solution to it. The real problem with making probability judgments in individual cases is deciding which objective considerations ought to constrain our formation of credences. This leads us to the reference class problem, which, as Alan Hajek argues, is a problem for any interpretation of probability.
Heuristic Projection: Why Interest Group Cues May Fail to Help Citizens Hold Politicians Accountable
Authors: Broockman David E. , Kaufman Aaron R. , Lenz Gabriel S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn influential perspective argues that voters use interest group ratings and endorsements to infer their representatives' actions and to hold them accountable. This paper interrogates a key assumption in this literature: that voters correctly interpret these cues, especially cues from groups with whom they disagree. For example, a pro-redistribution voter should support her representative less when she learns that Americans for Prosperity, an economically conservative group, gave her representative a 100 per cent rating. Across three studies using real interest groups and participants' actual representatives, we find limited support for this assumption. When an interest group is misaligned with voters' views and positively rates or endorses their representative, voters often: (1) mistakenly infer that the group shares their views, (2) mistakenly infer that their representative shares their views, and (3) mistakenly approve of their representative more. We call this tendency heuristic projection.
The association between reasons for first using cannabis, later pattern of use, and risk of first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI case–control study
Authors: Spinazzola Edoardo , Quattrone Diego , Rodriguez Victoria , Trotta Giulia , Alameda Luis , Tripoli Giada , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Freeman Tom P , Johnson Emma C , Jongsma Hannah E , Stilo Simona , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Tarricone Ilaria , D'Andrea Giuseppe , Galatolo Michela , Tortelli Andrea , Tagliabue Ilaria , Turco Marco , Pompili Maurizio , Selten Jean-Paul , de Haan Lieuwe , Rossi Menezes Paulo , Del Ben Cristina M , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Bobes Julio , Sanjuán Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Arango Celso , Kirkbride James B , Jones Peter B , O'Donovan Michael , Rutten Bart P , Van Os Jim , Morgan Craig , Sham Pak C , Austin-Zimmerman Isabelle , Li Zhikun , Vassos Evangelos ,   EU-GEI WP2 Group, Murray Robin M , Di Forti Marta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile cannabis use is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, little is known about any association between reasons for first using cannabis (RFUC) and later patterns of use and risk of psychosis.MethodsWe used data from 11 sites of the multicentre European Gene-Environment Interaction (EU-GEI) case–control study. 558 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPp) and 567 population controls who had used cannabis and reported their RFUC.We ran logistic regressions to examine whether RFUC were associated with first-episode psychosis (FEP) case–control status. Path analysis then examined the relationship between RFUC, subsequent patterns of cannabis use, and case–control status.ResultsControls (86.1%) and FEPp (75.63%) were most likely to report ‘because of friends’ as their most common RFUC. However, 20.1% of FEPp compared to 5.8% of controls reported: ‘to feel better’ as their RFUC (χ2 = 50.97; p < 0.001). RFUC ‘to feel better’ was associated with being a FEPp (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.03–2.95) while RFUC ‘with friends’ was associated with being a control (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.37–0.83). The path model indicated an association between RFUC ‘to feel better’ with heavy cannabis use and with FEPp-control status.ConclusionsBoth FEPp and controls usually started using cannabis with their friends, but more patients than controls had begun to use ‘to feel better’. People who reported their reason for first using cannabis to ‘feel better’ were more likely to progress to heavy use and develop a psychotic disorder than those reporting ‘because of friends’.
On Orthodox panentheism
Authors: Carey Jeremiah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPanentheism is the position that the world is in some sense ‘in’ God, and God ‘in’ the world, without the world being identical to God. Thus, it tries, like what I call mainstream theism and against pantheism, to protect the transcendence of God, while giving greater emphasis to his immanence in creation than the former. I aim to explicate an approach that I call Orthodox Panentheism. The word ‘orthodox’ is to be read in two ways. First, the picture is derived from the writings of some of the most important figures in Eastern Christian thought, so that it is Orthodox in the ‘big “O” sense’. Second, I hope to show that it is a legitimate Christian picture of the God–world relation which is both distinctive and worthy of being called ‘panentheism’ – an orthodox panentheism in the ‘little “o” sense’.
The impact of dialect differences on spoken language comprehension
Authors: Byrd Arynn S. , Huang Yi Ting , Edwards Jan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch has suggested that children who speak African American English (AAE) have difficulty using features produced in Mainstream American English (MAE) but not AAE, to comprehend sentences in MAE. However, past studies mainly examined dialect features, such as verbal -s, that are produced as final consonants with shorter durations when produced in conversation which impacts their phonetic saliency. Therefore, it is unclear if previous results are due to the phonetic saliency of the feature or how AAE speakers process MAE dialect features more generally. This study evaluated if there were group differences in how AAE- and MAE-speaking children used the auxiliary verbs was and were, a dialect feature with increased phonetic saliency but produced differently between the dialects, to interpret sentences in MAE. Participants aged 6, 5–10, and 0 years, who spoke MAE or AAE, completed the DELV-ST, a vocabulary measure (PVT), and a sentence comprehension task. In the sentence comprehension task, participants heard sentences in MAE that had either unambiguous or ambiguous subjects. Sentences with ambiguous subjects were used to evaluate group differences in sentence comprehension. AAE-speaking children were less likely than MAE-speaking children to use the auxiliary verbs was and were to interpret sentences in MAE. Furthermore, dialect density was predictive of Black participant’s sensitivity to the auxiliary verb. This finding is consistent with how the auxiliary verb is produced between the two dialects: was is used to mark both singular and plural subjects in AAE, while MAE uses was for singular and were for plural subjects. This study demonstrated that even when the dialect feature is more phonetically salient, differences between how verb morphology is produced in AAE and MAE impact how AAE-speaking children comprehend MAE sentences.
Studies on pre-primary learners of foreign languages, their teachers, and parents: A critical overview of publications between 2000 and 2022
Authors: Nikolov Marianne , Mihaljević Djigunović Jelena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article offers insights into trends found in 74 empirical studies on teaching and learning a foreign language (FL) in pre-primary schools in 25 countries. The emerging picture is like that of primary-school programs: most are implemented in English, mostly owing to parents’ enthusiasm rather than evidence on long term FL benefits. Researchers focus on measurable outcomes in the FL rather than embedding studies in what early childhood education and language policies aim for: developing children not only in a FL, but also in their first language and emotional, cognitive, and social domains. A short literature review on how children learn languages and what necessary conditions include, is followed by the evidence empirical studies offer along themes found in them. Research has revealed encouraging results as well as weaknesses, whereas most authors frame their findings in positive terms. Overall, the younger the children the slower their rate of FL development. The field is dominated by FL experts; it would benefit from early childhood expertise to shift it towards the whole child. Although the increase in research is significant, more is necessary to build a model of pre-primary FL programs. A table available online complements the text.
NMPC-based visual path following control with variable perception horizon
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago T. , Franco Iago José P. B. , Conceição André Gustavo S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor greater autonomy of visual control-based solutions, especially applied to mobile robots, it is necessary to consider the existence of unevenness in the navigation surface, an intrinsic characteristic of several real applications. In general, depth information is essential for navigating three-dimensional environments and for the consistent parameter calibration of the visual models. This work proposes a new solution, including depth information in the visual path-following (VPF) problem, which allows the variation of the perception horizon at runtime while forcing the coupling between optical and geometric quantities. A new NMPC (nonlinear model predictive control) framework considering the addition of a new input to an original solution for the constrained VPF-NMPC allows the maintenance of low computational complexity. Experimental results in an outdoor environment with a medium-sized commercial robot demonstrate the correctness of the proposal.