bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectral dynamics of visual awareness: An interplay of different frequencies?
Authors: Tafuro Alessandra , Mazzi Chiara , Savazzi Silvia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of visual awareness, with a specific focus on its event‐related spectral perturbation (ERSP) features. To this aim, we tried to disentangle the proper neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) from other prerequisite and post‐perceptual processing. To do so, we administered an orientation discrimination task, inducing a response bias through task instructions. EEG results showed that different frequency bands are involved in this kind of task, with different spectral and temporal dynamics. In particular, alpha and beta bands seem to be particularly engaged, especially in the aware‐unaware contrast, showing a main power suppression for aware trials and replicating previous literature. Moreover, we demonstrated that the process of visual awareness is orchestrated by a complex interaction of different frequencies (i.e., theta, alpha, beta and gamma) being involved as prerequisites and post‐perceptual processes.
Atlanto‐occipital subluxation in an adult Thoroughbred gelding
Authors: Barnes Hattie K. , Crosby Katherine , Talbot Alison , Baldwin Christopher M. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA 13‐year‐old gelding was referred to the University of Liverpool Equine Hospital for further investigation of ataxia and neck pain following a suspected traumatic incident in the field 5 days prior. The following case report documents the clinical presentation, ultrasonographic, radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings of a right lateral atlanto‐occipital (AO) subluxation. In brief, clinical presentation included abnormal head carriage, ataxia and cranial cervical swelling with associated neck pain. Radiography showed lateral deviation of the poll and subluxation of the right AO joint with significant widening of the left AO joint. CT was undertaken standing which confirmed lateral luxation of the right occipital condyle in relation to the right articular process of the AO joint such that the right articular process of the atlas was located medial to the right occipital condyle. The gelding was subjected to euthanasia and post‐mortem the subluxation was resolved with a closed traction procedure. This case initiates discussion of diagnosis, management and outcome for this uncommon injury. The use of CT in this case gives previously undocumented detail on the nature of the subluxation and assisted in the management and post‐mortem closed reduction procedure.
Global patterns and predictors of avian population density
Authors: Santini Luca , Tobias Joseph A. , Callaghan Corey , Gallego‐Zamorano Juan , Benítez‐López Ana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimHow population density varies across animal species in the context of environmental gradients, and associated migratory strategies, remains poorly understood. The recent influx of avian trait data and population density estimates allows these patterns to be described and explored in unprecedented detail. This study aims to identify the main macroecological drivers of population density in birds.LocationGlobal.Time period1970–2021.Major taxa studiedBirds (Aves).MethodsWe collated a dataset of 5072 local population density estimates for 1853 species and modelled population density as a function of trait and environmental predictors in a Bayesian framework accounting for phylogenetic and spatial autocorrelation. We explored the influence of body mass, diet, primary lifestyle, mating system, nesting behaviour, territoriality, and migratory behaviour on population density, accounting for a range of environmental variables, including preferred habitat type, primary productivity, precipitation and temperature. Based on this empirical baseline, we then predicted the mean population density for 9089 species of birds and estimated global geographic patterns of bird population density.ResultsPopulation density was lower in species with larger body mass and higher trophic levels, and also declined in territorial species, migratory species, brood parasites and species inhabiting resource‐poor habitat types (e.g., deserts). Conversely, population density increased in cooperative breeders. Environmental drivers were most influential for migratory birds, with precipitation and temperature both associated with higher population density. Overall, bird population densities were higher at lower latitudes.Main conclusionsOur results support previous findings on the role of body mass, diet and environmental gradients, but also reveal novel species‐specific drivers of avian densities related to reproduction, migration and resource‐holding behaviour. Substantial fine‐scale variation remains unexplained. We provide a global dataset of population density predictions for use in macroecological analyses and conservation assessments.
Environmental corporate social responsibility under price competition and the second‐mover advantage: An endogenous timing approach
Authors: Park Chul‐Hi , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider an environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) under price competition in a product differentiated duopoly and formulate an extensive endogenous timing game where firms choose ECSR and subsequently choose prices. We show that a successive sequential‐move appears in the equilibrium wherein an ECSR leader adopts a lower degree of ECSR and thereupon chooses a price leader. Therefore, the firm with a low degree of ECSR becomes a price leader while the firm with a high degree of ECSR becomes a price follower but earns higher profits, that is, a second‐mover advantage with ECSR‐induced higher costs appears.
Social norms and gendered occupational choices of men and women: Time to turn the tide?
Authors: Palffy Patricia , Lehnert Patrick , Backes‐Gellner Uschi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe analyze the relationship between social gender norms and adolescents' occupational choices by combining regional votes on constitutional amendments on gender equality with job application data from a large job board for apprenticeships. The results show that adolescent males in regions with stronger traditional social gender norms are more likely to apply for typically male occupations. This finding does not hold for females, suggesting that incentivizing men to break the norms and choose gender‐atypical occupations (e.g., in healthcare) can be even more effective in accelerating advancement toward gender equality in the labor market than incentivizing women to choose STEM occupations.
Pedicle myiasis by Lucilia caesar (Diptera, Calliphoridae): An emerging disease in roe deer from north‐western Spain
Authors: Martínez‐Calabuig Néstor , Panadero Rosario , Remesar Susana , García‐Dios David , Saldaña Ana , Díaz Pablo , Prieto Alberto , Díez‐Baños Pablo , Morrondo Patrocinio , López Ceferino M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA total of 35 male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Lugo province (north‐western Spain) were examined for pedicle myiasis between 2020 and 2022. All these animals had died by different causes and were examined or preserved just after their death to avoid post‐mortem infestations. After external and internal head inspection, five animals were diagnosed with severe myiasis at the basis of the antlers (14.29%; 95% confidence interval = 5.38–31.04). All the affected bucks presented a cutaneous wound (1.5–15 cm in diameter) around the pedicles with extensive tissue destruction, exposition of frontal and parietal bones, and massive infestation by dipteran larvae (2–12 mm long). Four of five roe deer showed whitish egg clusters adhered to the basis of the antlers. Moreover, in one animal, six larvae had penetrated the cranial cavity, and in two of them larvae were also found in the nasopharyngeal cavity. All the cases were recorded in summer (May–August). Morphological identification and subsequent molecular confirmation revealed that all animals were infested by different larval stages of Lucilia caesar (Diptera: Calliphoridae). This study represents the first report of pedicle myiasis in Spain. Since this disease is reported sporadically, the detection of five cases in a short period of time suggests an increase in the incidence of this myiasis.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and mortality in patients with spinal fractures in ICUs
Authors: Li Shaojin , Zhang Luming , Yin Haiyan , Zhang Guowei , Tan Minghui , Cai Zhenbin , Huang Tao , Lin Hongsheng , Lyu Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal fracture is a common traumatic condition in orthopaedics, accounting for 5%–6% of total body fractures, and is a high‐risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), which seriously affects patient prognosis.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of VTE prophylaxis on the prognosis of patients with spinal fractures in intensive care units (ICUs) and to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment and nursing.DesignA retrospective study of patients with spinal fractures from the multicenter eICU Collaborative Research Database.MethodThe outcomes of this study were ICU mortality and in‐hospital mortality. Patients were divided into the VTE prophylaxis (VP) and no VTE prophylaxis (NVP) groups according to whether they had undergone VTE prophylaxis during their ICU admission. The association between groups and outcomes were analysed using Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curve, log‐rank test and the Cox proportional‐hazards regression model.ResultsThis study included 1146 patients with spinal fractures: 330 in the VP group and 816 in the NVP group. KM survival curves and log‐rank tests revealed that both ICU and in‐hospital survival probabilities in the VP group were significantly higher than in the NVP group. After the Cox model was adjusted for all covariates, the hazard ratio for ICU mortality in the VP group was 0.38 (0.19–0.75); the corresponding value for in‐hospital mortality in the VP group was 0.38 (0.21–0.68).ConclusionsVTE prophylaxis is associated with reduced ICU and in‐hospital mortality in patients with spinal fractures in ICUs. More research is necessary to further define specific strategies and optimal timing for VTE prophylaxis.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides the basis that VTE prophylaxis may be associated with improved prognosis in patients with spinal fractures in ICUs. In clinical practice, an appropriate modality should be selected for VTE prophylaxis in such patients.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with aggressive fused follicular and solid growth pattern: A unique histological subtype with high‐grade malignancy?
Authors: Murata Shin‐ichi , Matsuzaki Ibu , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Katsuki Naomi , Onishi Toshinori , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Kojima Fumiyoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is usually indolent; however, some rare subtypes of PTCs, such as columnar cell and hobnail subtypes, carry poor prognosis as an intermediate malignancy between differentiated carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. We present the case of a 56‐year‐old Japanese woman having PTC with aggressive behavior showing characteristic histological features of a predominantly fused follicular and focally solid (FFS) pattern. The fused follicular pattern is cribriform‐like without intermingled vessels. This PTC with FFS pattern included frequent mitotic figures, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and metastases with high clinical stage. The tumor cells were broadly positive for antibodies to TTF‐1, PAX8, and bcl‐2, and negative for cyclin D1. Ki‐67 labeling index was approximately 10%, and there was occasional positivity of p53. Targeted next generation sequencing analysis only detected a NRAS mutation (Q61K); there was no mutation and no translocation of other genes including BRAF and RET/PTC. To our knowledge, this is first report that PTC shows aggressive FFS growth pattern. The tumor is possibly included in the new category of differentiated high‐grade thyroid carcinoma in the World Health Organization 2022 classification, or in a novel subtype of PTC owing to its characteristic histological feature and intermediate malignancy between differentiated carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma.
Characterization of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri from the western and south‐western regions of Saudi Arabia based on CRISPR typing
Authors: Ibrahim Yasser E. , Widyawan Arya , Pruvost Olivier , Sharafaddin Anwar H. , Boyer Karine , Al‐Saleh Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCitrus bacterial canker (CBC) has become one of the most important diseases in many citrus cultivation areas, including Saudi Arabia (SA). This work aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) in SA by microsatellite and minisatellite analysis based on CRISPR typing. Our data revealed a high genetic infra‐pathovar diversity of Xcc in SA, consistent with a recent analysis targeting tandem repeats (MLVA). Our finding showed that SA hosted 15 spoligotypes out of 63 spoligotypes recorded worldwide. Interestingly, we noted 10 new spoligotypes, two detected in the western region and eight in the south‐western region. Two new spoligotypes were detected in Yemen. This finding suggests that the south‐western region of SA was probably the source of Xcc variations in SA. Sequencing of the CRISPR regions confirmed the presence of Xcc Pathotype A recently identified in SA based on tandem repeat genotyping. Globally, our study supported the application of CRISPR‐based sequence analysis for molecular epidemiology studies of Xcc and the usefulness of CRISPR typing to complement other typing tools, such as minisatellite typing.
Microalgae from Nordic collections demonstrate biostimulant effect by enhancing plant growth and photosynthetic performance
Authors: Chovanček Erik , Salazar João , Şirin Sema , Allahverdiyeva Yagut 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigated the biostimulant potential of six microalgal species from Nordic collections extracted with two different procedures: thermal hydrolysis with a weak solution of sulfuric acid accompanied by ultrasonication and bead‐milling with aqueous extraction followed by centrifugation. To this aim, we designed a phenotyping pipeline consisting of a root growth assay in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, complemented with greenhouse experiments to evaluate lettuce yield (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Finstar) and photosynthetic performance. The best‐performing hydrolyzed extracts stimulated Arabidopsis root elongation by 8%–13% and lettuce yield by 12%–15%. The in situ measured photosynthetic performance of lettuce was upregulated in the efficient extracts: PSII quantum yield increased by 26%–34%, and thylakoid proton flux increase was in the range of 34%–60%. In contrast, aqueous extracts acquired by bead‐milling showed high dependence on biomass concentration in the extract and an overall plant growth enhancement was not attained in any of the applied dosages. Our results indicate that hydrolysis of the biomass can be a decisive factor for rendering effective plant biostimulants from microalgae.
Seed phytic acid concentration affects rice seedling vigor irrespective of soil phosphorus bioavailability
Authors: Oo Aung Zaw , Asai Hidetoshi , Win Khin Thuzar , Marui Junichiro , Saito Hiroki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRice with a black‐colored pericarp (hereafter, black rice) is well‐known as an antioxidant‐rich food, but a high grain phytic acid (PA) concentration affects its nutritional quality. However, phytic acid helps improve seedling vigor, which is crucial for enhancing subsequent plant growth. This study investigated the effect of seed phytic acid concentration in black rice on seedling vigor compared to the effects on white rice. In the first experiment, three phytic acid concentrations in the seeds of black rice, low (LPA, 15.5 mg g−1per seed), medium (MPA, 24.7 mg g−1per seed), and high (HPA, 35.4 mg g−1per seed) were tested for seedling vigor in phosphorus‐deficient soils. The HPA seedlings showed substantially increased seedling vigor and shoot P uptake due to early root development and enhanced physiological processes. LPA grown seedlings showed increased ethylene production in response to P stress, which is the main physiological mechanism modulating seedling growth under P stress conditions. In the second experiment, the three phytic acid concentrations in black and white rice seeds were tested under low and high soil P conditions. Again, LPA seedlings showed significantly reduced seedling vigor in both rice varieties in P‐deficient soils. Interestingly, seed phytic acid and external P application had an additive effect on seedling vigor, suggesting that the combined effect further improved seedling growth. Our results reveal that black rice seeds with a HPA concentration can be used as a seed source for planting in P‐deficient ecosystems for rice plants as they can increase seedling vigor and subsequent growth, thus reducing dependence on finite P resources.
Electrophysiological correlates of response time outliers: Outlier related potentials
Authors: Berger Alexander , Kiefer Markus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn response time (RT) research, RTs which largely deviate from the RT distribution are considered “outliers”. Outliers are typically excluded from RT analysis building upon the implicit assumption that cognitive processing is distorted in outlier trials. The present study aims to test this assumption by comparing cognitive processing indexed by event‐related potentials (ERP) of trials with outliers and valid trials in two different tasks. To this end, we compared stimulus‐ and response‐locked ERPs for outliers identified by nine different methods with valid trials, using cluster‐based permutation tests. Consistently across outlier exclusion methods and tasks, the late positive complex (P3) associated with response‐related processes was reduced in outliers. Analyses of response‐locked ERPs related this P3 attenuation to a slower and temporally more extended increase of the P3, possibly indexing reduced evidence accumulation speed in outliers. P3 peak amplitude in response‐locked ERPs was similar between outliers and valid trials, suggesting that the absolute amount of evidence required for a response remained comparable. Furthermore, in addition to these more general ERP correlates of outliers, the contingent negative variation (CNV) ERP component was reduced in outliers as a function of preparatory demands of the task. Hence, electrophysiological correlates, and thus cognitive processing, are altered in outliers compared to valid trials. In order to avoid distortion of observed ERP differences between conditions, the RT outlier distribution should be considered for the analysis of ERPs in combined ERP and RT studies.
What you really want: Two‐year‐olds prioritise ultimate goals when helping
Authors: Anderson Laura , Martin Alia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractToddlers are motivated to help others achieve their goals, but providing effective help also requires toddlers to consider what will be most helpful to another individual. Sometimes, helping requests provide conflicting information about an individual's goals, so we need to decide which information to prioritise in order to decide how is best to help. The current studies investigate how toddlers prioritise conflicting information about immediate and ultimate goals when helping. In Study 1, 2‐year‐olds were shown an opaque container of blocks (hidden blocks), a transparent container of blocks (visible blocks), and a colourful tube that plays music when a block is dropped inside. For half of the participants, both hidden and visible blocks played music but, for the other half, only the hidden blocks worked. A naïve experimenter asked for a block (immediate goal) to play music with (ultimate goal), and when both blocks were equally functional, we found that toddlers prioritised fulfilling the immediate request by providing a visible block; but when only the hidden block was functional, toddlers prioritising fulfilling the ultimate goal and helped by providing the functional but hidden block. Study 2 demonstrated that toddlers considered the experimenter's goal when helping, and not just their own attraction to the musical toy. This work adds to a growing body of literature investigating not only whether young children help, but also how young children reason when engaging in helping behaviour.
Modern judicial confirmation hearings and institutional support for the Supreme Court
Authors: Krewson Christopher N. , Schroedel Jean R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe argue that the political and partisan nature of modern judicial confirmation hearings weakens institutional support for the U.S. Supreme Court.MethodsIn making this argument, we respond directly to Carrington and French who, in contrast, focus on the individual behavior of nominees. Building on earlier work (Krewson and Schroedel), we also analyze how public views of the Court changed over the 10 weeks following the Senate confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh to serve as a Supreme Court justice.ResultsWe find that partisan differences in institutional support diminished over this period and that the public remained steadfast in its support for nominees based on their legal characteristics and background more than their political attributes.ConclusionTo the extent that the public supported institutional change, it seemed to be because they viewed the Court as falling short of legal expectations rather than because they want the Court to abandon its judicial role.
Estimates of bubbling sequences of SU(3)$SU(3)$ Toda systems at critical parameters: Part 2
Authors: Wei Juncheng , Wu Lina , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study bubbling sequences of regular Toda systems defined on a Riemann surface. There are two major difficulties corresponding to the profile of bubbling sequences: partial blow up phenomenon and bubble accumulation. We prove that when both parameters tend to critical positions, if there is one fully bubbling blow up point, then under a suitable curvature assumption, all the blow up solutions near the blow up point satisfy a spherical Harnack inequality, which completely rules out the bubble‐accumulation phenomenon. This fact is crucial for a number of applications.
Biomechanical Response of Cancer Stem Cells to Low-Intensity Ultrasound
Authors: Yang Yaozhang , Du Meng , Yu Jinsui , Chen Zhiyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe presence of stem cells in cancer may increase the chances of drug resistance and invasiveness. Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) can regulate the biological and mechanical properties of cells and participate in cellular migration and differentiation. Although LIUS has shown significant potential in cancer treatment, the effects of LIUS on migration and drug resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are unclear from a biomechanical perspective. Hence, the objective of this work is to analyze the biomechanical response of LIUS to CSCs. In this study, we selected human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) were enriched from A2780 cells and observed that OCSCs had higher drug sensitivity and lower invasiveness than A2780 cells after LIUS exposure. Furthermore, we further analyzed the changes in cell morphology, cytoskeleton, and membrane stiffness of A2780 cells and OCSCs at various intensities of LIUS, these results showed that LIUS could induce morphological changes, F-actin formation and increase membrane stiffness, which could help to suppress migration and reduce the drug resistance of OCSCs. Our findings will help establish a better understanding of the biomechanical response to LIUS in CSCs, and future studies on cancer will benefit from the careful consideration of the cellular response of CSCs to LIUS stimulation, ultimately allowing for the development of more effective therapies.