bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of neonatal lung ultrasound: Validation of an artificial intelligence model for interpreting lung scans. A multicentre prospective diagnostic study
Authors: Perri Alessandro , Sbordone Annamaria , Patti Maria Letizia , Nobile Stefano , Tirone Chiara , Giordano Lucia , Tana Milena , D'Andrea Vito , Priolo Francesca , Serrao Francesca , Riccardi Riccardo , Prontera Giorgia , Lenkowicz Jacopo , Boldrini Luca , Vento Giovanni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) is a promising field in the neonatal field. We focused on lung ultrasound (LU), a useful tool for the neonatologist. Our aim was to train a neural network to create a model able to interpret LU.MethodsOur multicentric, prospective study included newborns with gestational age (GA) ≥ 33 + 0 weeks with early tachypnea/dyspnea/oxygen requirements. For each baby, three LU were performed: within 3 h of life (T0), at 4–6 h of life (T1), and in the absence of respiratory support (T2). Each scan was processed to extract the region of interest used to train a neural network to classify it according to the LU score (LUS). We assessed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the AI model's scores in predicting the need for respiratory assistance with nasal continuous positive airway pressure and for surfactant, compared to an already studied and established LUS.ResultsWe enrolled 62 newborns (GA = 36 ± 2 weeks). In the prediction of the need for CPAP, we found a cutoff of 6 (at T0) and 5 (at T1) for both the neonatal lung ultrasound score (nLUS) and AI score (AUROC 0.88 for T0 AI model, 0.80 for T1 AI model). For the outcome “need for surfactant therapy”, results in terms of area under receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) are 0.84 for T0 AI model and 0.89 for T1 AI model. In the prediction of surfactant therapy, we found a cutoff of 9 for both scores at T0, at T1 the nLUS cutoff was 6, while the AI's one was 5. Classification accuracy was good both at the image and class levels.ConclusionsThis is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to use an AI model to interpret early neonatal LUS and can be extremely useful for neonatologists in the clinical setting.
Mapping roles of active site residues in the acceptor site of the PA3944 Gcn5‐related N‐acetyltransferase enzyme
Authors: Variot Cillian , Capule Daniel , Arolli Xhulio , Baumgartner Jackson , Reidl Cory , Houseman Charles , Ballicora Miguel A. , Becker Daniel P. , Kuhn Misty L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn increased understanding of how the acceptor site in Gcn5‐related N‐acetyltransferase (GNAT) enzymes recognizes various substrates provides important clues for GNAT functional annotation and their use as chemical tools. In this study, we explored how the PA3944 enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa recognizes three different acceptor substrates, including aspartame, NANMO, and polymyxin B, and identified acceptor residues that are critical for substrate specificity. To achieve this, we performed a series of molecular docking simulations and tested methods to identify acceptor substrate binding modes that are catalytically relevant. We found that traditional selection of best docking poses by lowest S scores did not reveal acceptor substrate binding modes that were generally close enough to the donor for productive acetylation. Instead, sorting poses based on distance between the acceptor amine nitrogen atom and donor carbonyl carbon atom placed these acceptor substrates near residues that contribute to substrate specificity and catalysis. To assess whether these residues are indeed contributors to substrate specificity, we mutated seven amino acid residues to alanine and determined their kinetic parameters. We identified several residues that improved the apparent affinity and catalytic efficiency of PA3944, especially for NANMO and/or polymyxin B. Additionally, one mutant (R106A) exhibited substrate inhibition toward NANMO, and we propose scenarios for the cause of this inhibition based on additional substrate docking studies with R106A. Ultimately, we propose that this residue is a key gatekeeper between the acceptor and donor sites by restricting and orienting the acceptor substrate within the acceptor site.
Nonassociative Ricci Flows, Star Product and R‐flux Deformed Black Holes, and Swampland Conjectures
Authors: Bubuianu Laurenţiu , Vacaru Sergiu I. , Veliev Elşen Veli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA theory of nonassociative geometric flows is formulated as an extension of a string‐inspired model of nonassociative gravity determined by star product. The nonassociative Ricci tensor and curvature scalar defined by (non) symmetric metric structures and generalized (non) linear connections are used for defining nonassociative versions of Grigori Perelman F‐ and W‐functionals for Ricci flows and computing associated thermodynamic variables. The anholonomic frame and connection deformation method, AFCDM, which allows us to construct exact and parametric solutions describing nonassociative geometric flow evolution scenarios and modified Ricci soliton configurations with quasi‐stationary generic off‐diagonal metrics are developed and applied. There are provided explicit examples of solutions modeling geometric and statistical thermodynamic evolution on a temperature‐like parameter of modified black hole configurations encoding nonassociative star‐product and R‐flux deformation data. Further perspectives of the paper are motivated by nonassociative off‐diagonal geometric flow extensions of the swampland program, related conjectures and claims on geometric and physical properties of new classes of quasi‐stationary Ricci flow and black hole solutions.
Late puberty onset and lack of acne during adolescence reduce high‐grade prostate cancer at adulthood
Authors: Hernández‐Pérez Jesús Gibran , López David S. , Rodríguez‐Valentín Rocío , Vázquez‐Salas Ruth Argelia , Sierra‐Santoyo Adolfo , Torres‐Sánchez Luisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe interplay between pubertal events patterns (PEP) and prostate cancer (PCa) remains poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the association of PEP with the odds of PCa, and PCa histological differentiation in men residents of Mexico city.MethodsIn this case–control study, we analyzed the information of 371 incident prostate cancer cases and 775 controls matched on age (±5 years). High‐grade prostate cancer was classified with Gleason score at diagnosis as ≥8. With information related to beard growth, age at maximum height attainment, and acne severity, the k‐medoids algorithm was used to identify three mutually exclusive PEP (early, intermediate, and late). This association was evaluated using multivariable nonconditional logistic regression models.ResultsMen with late PEP, characterized by age at maximum height attainment at around 23 years and no history of acne, was inversely associated with incident (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.48, p trend <0.01) and high‐grade prostate cancer (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09–0.59, p trend <0.01). Similar associations were observed even after adjusting by IGF‐1 (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.58) and androgens excretion (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06–0.66). Only the association between the absence of acne and prostate cancer remained significant after adjustment by these biomarkers.ConclusionsThis study suggests that pubertal characteristics might be helpful in identifying risk groups, among which, secondary prevention strategies could be applied. Also, the results agree with previous work suggesting other potential biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of prostate cancer such as the infectious and inflammatory pathways.
Effects of parasitism by a parasitoid wasp on the gut microbiota in a predaceous lady beetle host
Authors: Wang Yansong , Gao Ping , Zheng Jie , Li Hongran , Meng Ling , Li Baoping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe gut microbiota has an intimate relationship with insect hosts and this relationship can become complicated with parasitic organisms being involved with the host. To date there has been limited evidence for the relevance of parasitism of the host by parasitoids to host gut microbiota, especially in host insect predators. Here, our study examined gut microbiotas in larvae of the predaceous lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata, in response to their parasitism by Homalotylus eytelweinii regarding the development progress of offspring parasitoids.RESULTSOverall 58.5% of gut bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the parasitized lady beetle were different from those in the unparasitized host. The phylum Proteobacteria abundance increased while Firmicutes decreased in parasitized hosts compared to the unparasitized. The abundance of genus Aeribacillus decreased substantially in the parasitized lady beetle across all stages of the offspring development compared to the unparasitized host. The α‐diversity of the gut microbiota in a parasitized lady beetle larva increased at the early stage of offspring parasitoids and then returned over the intermediate and later stages. Analyses of β‐diversity indicated that the gut microbial community in a parasitized lady beetle was distinct from that in an unparasitized one and different between early or middle and late stages of offspring parasitoids in parasitized hosts.CONCLUSIONOur results provide evidence for the relevance of the gut microbiota to interactions between a lady beetle host and its parasitoid. Our study provides a starting point for further investigations of the role the gut microbiota may play in host‐parasitoid interactions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A comprehensive review on deploying robotics application in telecom network tower's field maintenance: Challenges with current practices and feasibility analysis for robotics implementation
Authors: Shah Darshita , Dave Jatin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis survey article highlights the difficulties in the field maintenance of telecommunication towers. It critically analyses the main features of the deployment of robots to maintain telecommunication towers. The growing demand for mobile connectivity poses the need for more towers, and the subsequent problem of network maintenance becomes more critical. Most tower maintenance is required work at height; therefore, height‐related risks are more frequent. A rigorous review is conducted, and the growth of the telecommunications network and key on‐site maintenance challenges are analyzed. Despite numerous challenges, these towers are maintained manually by riggers (certified climbers) worldwide. It raises the question, Is it possible to implement automation by robots for the maintenance of telecommunications towers? The feasibility analysis to deploy the robots is conducted systematically. To access the tower through a robot, detailed information on the type of towers, the climbing arrangements available on the existing towers, and the necessary operations to be carried out at the height is collected. A critical analysis of the climbing robots currently available in the literature, their grasping technology, and control algorithms is performed. The opinion of experts in the telecommunication industry is very helpful in identifying the requirements of robotic systems. The design attributes especially needed for the climbing robot, and the execution of the maintenance in height are highlighted. Due justification is given for deploying robots for field maintenance of telecom towers. The recommended methodology for designing an automation system helps research in the field of maintenance of telecom towers through robots, which could bring a remarkable solution to the telecom sector.
Zero‐shot obstacle detection using panoramic vision in farmland
Authors: Wang Tianhai , Chen Bin , Wang Ning , Ji Yuhan , Li Han , Zhang Man 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReliable obstacle detection is of great significance to the navigation technology of unmanned agricultural machinery. Currently, most of the previous works have achieved significant performance with the help of visual prior information of obstacles, where visual prior information refers to the visual features learned by models in the training stage. However, collecting enough annotated images for the training stage can be challenging. In the absence of annotated images, the current methods cannot perform optimally. To address the above problem, this paper presents a zero‐shot obstacle detection model based on the You Only Look Once X backbone, introducing the concept of zero‐shot learning into real‐time obstacle detection systems. Specifically, the cascade of encoder and decoder modules is appended to the presented model, and the integration of semantic space‐based classification and anchor‐free localization modules is used for zero‐shot obstacle detection. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified on the actual farmland test data set. The experimental results show that the F1 scores of the seen obstacle (e.g., people) and the unseen obstacle (e.g., agricultural machinery) are 96.22% and 94.66%, respectively. The average detection time for each panoramic image is 52.52 ms (equivalent to 19.04 FPS). The proposed obstacle detection method exhibits superior performance in the situation where training samples of the target category are not available. Notably, the proposed model not only performs the correct classification of unseen obstacles, but also improves the detection performance of both seen and unseen obstacles. The proposed method achieves a balance between accuracy and detection speed.
Job loss and mental disorders: International evidence from the early stages of COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Zamanzadeh Akbar , Banerjee Rajabrata , Cavoli Tony 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing a rich individual level dataset from six countries, we examine the relationship between job loss and mental disorders during the first phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We consider four indicators of mental disorders based on their severity, viz. anxiety, insomnia, boredom, and loneliness. We draw our conclusions based on two groups of countries that differ by the timing of their peak infections count. Using a logit and a two‐stage least squares (TSLS) regression methods, we find that the people who lost their jobs due to the pandemic are more likely to suffer from mental disorders, especially insomnia and loneliness. Additionally, people with financial liabilities, such as housing mortgages, are among those vulnerable to anxiety. Women, urban residents, youth, low‐income groups, and tobacco users are more prone to mental disorders. The findings from this research have significant policy implications on infectious disease control measures and mental health conditions due to lockdowns and social distancing.
Nanoparticles Mediated the Diagnosis and Therapy of Glioblastoma: Bypass or Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Qian Haisheng , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma is one of the most aggressive central nervous system malignancies with high morbidity and mortality. Current clinical approaches, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are limited by the difficulty of targeting brain lesions accurately, leading to disease recurrence and fatal outcomes. The lack of effective treatments has prompted researchers to continuously explore novel therapeutic strategies. In recent years, nanomedicine has made remarkable progress and expanded its application in brain drug delivery, providing a new treatment for brain tumors. Against this background, this article reviews the application and progress of nanomedicine delivery systems in brain tumors. In this paper, the mechanism of nanomaterials crossing the blood‐brain barrier is summarized. Furthermore, the specific application of nanotechnology in glioblastoma is discussed in depth.
Femtosecond Laser‐Driven Phase Engineering of WS2 for Nano‐Periodic Phase Patterning and Sub‐ppm Ammonia Gas Sensing
Authors: Guan Yanchao , Ding Ye , Fang Yuqiang , Wang Genwang , Zhao Shouxin , Wang Lianfu , Huang Jingtao , Chen Mengxin , Hao Juanyuan , Xu Chengyan , Zhen Liang , Huang Fuqiang , Li Yang , Yang Lijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLaser‐driven phase transition of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides has attracted much attention due to its high flexibility and rapidity. However, there are some limitations during the laser irradiation process, especially the unsatisfied surface ablation, the inability of nanoscale phase patterning, and the unexploited physical properties of new phase. In this work, the well‐controlled femtosecond (fs) laser‐driven transformation from the metallic 2M‐WS2 to the semiconducting 2H‐WS2 is reported, which is confirmed to be a single‐crystal to single‐crystal transition without layer thinning or obvious ablation. Moreover, a highly ordered 2H/2M nano‐periodic phase transition with a resolution of ≈435 nm is achieved, breaking through the existing size bottleneck of laser‐driven phase transition, which is attributed to the selective deposition of plasmon energy induced by fs laser. It is also demonstrated that the achieved 2H‐WS2 after laser irradiation contains rich sulfur vacancies, which exhibits highly competitive ammonia gas sensing performance, with a detection limit below 0.1 ppm and a fast response/recovery time of 43/67 s at room temperature. This study provides a new strategy for the preparation of the phase‐selective transition homojunction and high‐performance applications in electronics.
Realization of Passive X‐Ray Detection with a Low Detection Limit in Dion–Jacobson Halide Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: Fan Yipeng , Chen Qin , Li Zhou , Zhu Tingting , Wu Jianbo , You Shihai , Zhang Shuhua , Luo Junhua , Ji Chengmin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHalide hybrid perovskites are a kind of intriguing contenders for X‐ray detection, and their low detection limits (LoDs) have played a crucial part in X‐ray safety inspection and medical examination. However, there is still a significant challenge in manufacturing perovskite X‐ray detectors with low LoDs. Herein, attributed to the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) of a Dion–Jacobson (DJ) type 2D halide hybrid perovskite polar structure (3‐methylaminopropylamine)PbBr4 (1), self‐powered X‐ray detection with low detection limit is successfully realized. Specifically, the crystal‐based detector of 1 exhibits a low dark current at zero bias, which reduces the noise current (0.34 pA), leading to a low detection limit (58.3 nGyair s−1) which is two orders of magnitude lower than that of under external voltage bias. The combination of BPVE and LoDs of halide hybrid perovskite provides an efficient strategy to achieve passive X‐ray detection with low doses.
Cyclodextrins Propolis Extract Encapsulation: Physicochemical Characterization, Toxicity Effect, and Application on Animal Sperm Cold Preservation
Authors: Toutou Zahra , Fatmi Sofiane , Chibani Nacera , Taouzinet Lamia , Harrate Imene , Inouri‐Iskounen Ahlam , Skiba Mohamed , Iguerouada Mokrane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPropolis is composed of several bioactive compounds, which give it many beneficial biological effects. The use of cyclodextrins (CDs) is necessary when aiming to enhance the stability, absorption, and solubility of these substances in physiological media. The purpose of the present work is to study solubility diagrams of propolis extract of Melbou region (PEM) in the presence of CDs: α‐CD, β‐CD, and PM‐βCD, then to formulate an optimized preparation of the inclusion complex using a D‐optimal experimental design with three factors (ratio, ethanol solvent, and temperature). The optimal formulation is characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxic and protective effects of the optimal formulation are evaluated in vitro against human red blood cells (RBCs) and beef sperm. The results show that PM‐βCD is more efficient, this is confirmed with an optimal formulation that obtained using 40 mL of solvent, a temperature of 40 °C with 1:1 stoichiometry. The cytotoxicity tests revealed that PEM and its inclusion complex are non‐toxic to RBCs and can maintain sperm conservation. It is concluded that PM‐βCD is more suitable to improve the solubility and stability of PEM constituents, and their non‐toxic effect has been approved.
Peptide and Peptidomimetic Assemblies in Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Rodrigues Ashmi , Rocard Lou , Moumné Roba 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA strong revival of interest has been dedicated to peptides over the last few years, in different fields including drug discovery, biosensing and material sciences. The use of dynamic covalent chemistry has allowed the development of self‐adaptative peptides or peptidomimetics, responsive to their environment. The development of methods allowing the building, screening or deconvolution of libraries of peptides is a highly active research area and dynamic combinatorial chemistry represents an innovative and underexploited method in this field. This Review gives an overview of the use of dynamic covalent chemistry as a tool to produce peptides or peptidomimetics, with particular attention to applications in dynamic combinatorial chemistry.
Simplified numerical algorithms for generalized strip saturated two equal collinear cracks in piezoelectric media using distributed dislocation technique
Authors: Sharma Kuldeep , Singh Sandeep , Bui Tinh Quoc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present the distributed dislocation technique (DDT) based numerical algorithms to study the generalized strip saturated (GSS) models for two equal collinear cracks in 2‐D finite and infinite piezoelectric media. Numerical studies for particular cases such as linear, quadratic and cubic strip saturated models are simulated by considering their equivalent forms based on the principle of superposition. Two equal collinear cracks problem and its particular case of coalesced zones are considered in 2‐D semipermeable piezoelectric media under arbitrary poling direction and in‐plane electromechanical loadings. The results of saturated zone lengths (inner and outer) and local stress intensity factors (at inner and outer tips) are evaluated numerically for infinite and finite domain problems. The results of infinite domain obtained using DDT are compared with the reference analytical solutions. A good agreement of the results shows the efficacy of the proposed algorithms based on DDT for solving GSS two equal collinear cracks problems in 2‐D finite/infinite piezoelectric media.
Sprachliches Handeln und sprachliche Handlungsfähigkeit als konzeptionelle Grundlage der Arbeit
Authors: Schlüter Saskia 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Kapitel stellt das sprachliche Handeln und die sprachliche Handlungsfähigkeit des Menschen in den Mittelpunkt. Mit den von Welling (1990) generierten Begriffen des sprachlichen Handelns und der sprachlichen Handlungsfähigkeit wird auf den Kern der Sprachhandlungstheorie (Welling 1990) Bezug genommen, die auf den grundlegenden Annahmen der Handlungstheorie der Kooperativen Pädagogik (Schönberger, Jetter & Praschak 1987) beruht. Welling (1990) konzipiert auf dieser Basis den Begriff des sprachlichen Handelns als spezielle Form des menschlichen Handelns (Welling 1990, 1998, 2004).
Handlungstheoretisch fundierter Begriff der alltäglichen Lebenssituation: Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen
Authors: Schlüter Saskia 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungWie in den Ausführungen in Kapitel 4 zur Konzeption von alltäglicher Lebenssituation herausgearbeitet wurde, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ‚alltägliche Lebenssituation‘ als Konstrukt betrachtet, das vom Subjekt eigenaktiv konstruiert wird. Zudem wurde das Konzept von alltäglicher Lebenssituation aus zwei Perspektiven betrachtet: Zum einen wurde aus theoretischer Perspektive beschrieben, wie unter Bezugnahme der gewählten theoretischen Bezugssysteme der vorliegenden Arbeit das Konzept alltägliche Lebenssituation gefasst wird. Zum anderen wurden ausgewählte Untersuchungen zu biografischen Analysen hinsichtlich möglicher Vorgehensweisen bei der Erfassung und Auswertung von Informationen zur alltäglichen Lebenssituation von Kindern untersucht.