bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic remitting type 1 diabetes: a case report
Authors: Morrison Deborah , Evans Robyn , Maitland Rahat , Jones Greg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe describe a case of diabetes remission in a 17‐year‐old male initially diagnosed and treated as having type 1 diabetes, who has since stopped insulin and remained off all diabetes treatments since December 2017.This individual, a Caucasian male, presented aged 17 years with symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia in 2015. His BMI was 23kg/m2. Type 1 diabetes was diagnosed based on a formal laboratory glucose of 32.7mmol/L and an HbA1c of 86mmol/mol (10%). Blood ketones were 2.4mmol/L with a normal venous blood gas and a bicarbonate of 27nmol/L. A positive family history of type 1 diabetes in a maternal aunt was noted.The insulin requirements consistently fell from 21 months post‐diagnosis, with persistent normal range HbA1c (30mmol/mol, 4.9%). At 28 months, insulin was stopped due to increasing frequency of hypoglycaemic events. Initially, a honeymoon period was suspected; however, he has remained off all treatment, for almost five years.To our knowledge this is the first case report meeting the diagnostic criteria for idiopathic remitting diabetes first published in 2014. Further reports of individuals meeting these criteria are essential to provide information about the natural history of idiopathic remitting diabetes and answer questions about rates of relapse and possible underlying aetiology. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Patient safety outcomes for continuous infusion vancomycin as outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Benefield Russell J. , McDonald Joshua , Newman Michael , Tritle Brandon , Certain Laura K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdministration of vancomycin as a continuous infusion has been associated with reduced nephrotoxicity. Given limited published experience with continuous infusion vancomycin in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs, we reviewed outcomes from our center.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center study of adult patients receiving vancomycin OPAT as continuous or intermittent infusion for an intended treatment duration of at least 7 days. The primary outcome was time to nephrotoxicity with continuous versus intermittent infusion vancomycin while on OPAT; additional outcomes included time to any vancomycin‐associated adverse event, time to 60‐day death or readmission, and time to 60‐day emergency department encounter. Proportional hazards modeling was used to identify variables independently associated with outcomes, as well as assess the strength of association of continuous infusion with each outcome.ResultsFour‐hundred ninety‐two patients were included: 118 treated with continuous and 374 with intermittent vancomycin infusion. Continuous infusion was not associated with lower rates of nephrotoxicity compared to intermittent infusion (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.72, 95% CI: 0.35–1.50). There were no advantages of continuous over intermittent infusion in the rates of any adverse event (aHR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.56–1.53), 60‐day death or readmission (aHR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.68–1.61), or 60‐day emergency department encounter (aHR 1.17, 95% CI: 0.68–1.99). Vancomycin area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) at discharge was the only modifiable factor identified that was independently associated with patient safety outcomes.ConclusionThere was no appreciable benefit of continuous infusion vancomycin on outpatient safety outcomes. AUC‐centered dosing approaches warrant further investigation as strategies to improve vancomycin safety in OPAT programs.
Thiol redox proteomics: Characterization of thiol‐based post‐translational modifications
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Gluth Austin , Zhang Tong , Qian Wei‐Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRedox post‐translational modifications on cysteine thiols (redox PTMs) have profound effects on protein structure and function, thus enabling regulation of various biological processes. Redox proteomics approaches aim to characterize the landscape of redox PTMs at the systems level. These approaches facilitate studies of condition‐specific, dynamic processes implicating redox PTMs and have furthered our understanding of redox signaling and regulation. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for such analyses which has been demonstrated by significant advances in redox proteomics during the last decade. A group of well‐established approaches involves the initial blocking of free thiols followed by selective reduction of oxidized PTMs and subsequent enrichment for downstream detection. Alternatively, novel chemoselective probe‐based approaches have been developed for various redox PTMs. Direct detection of redox PTMs without any enrichment has also been demonstrated given the sensitivity of contemporary MS instruments. This review discusses the general principles behind different analytical strategies and covers recent advances in redox proteomics. Several applications of redox proteomics are also highlighted to illustrate how large‐scale redox proteomics data can lead to novel biological insights.
Honokiol inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition and hepatic fibrosis via activation of Ecadherin/GSK3β/JNK and inhibition of AKT/ERK/p38/β‐catenin/TMPRSS4 signaling axis
Authors: Seo Jae Hwa , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Sim Deok Yong , Park Ji Eon , Ahn Chi‐Hoon , Park Su‐Yeon , Cho Ah‐Reum , Koo Jinsuk , Shim Bum Sang , Kim Bonglee , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThough Honokiol was known to have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antithrombotic, anti‐viral, metabolic, antithrombotic, and neurotrophic activities, the underlying mechanisms of Honokiol on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated liver fibrosis still remain elusive so far. Anti‐EMT and antifibrotic effects of Honokiol were explored in murine AML‐12 hepatocyte cells by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, Western blotting and also in CCl4‐induced liver injury mouse model by immunohistochemistry. Honokiol significantly suppressed transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced EMT and migration of AML‐12 cells along with decreased EMT phenotypes such as loss of cell adhesion and formation of fibroblast like mesenchymal cells in TGF‐β1‐treated AML‐12 cells. Consistently, Honokiol suppressed the expression of Snail and transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4), but not p‐Smad3, and activated E‐cadherin in TGF‐β1‐treated AML‐12 cells. Additionally, Honokiol reduced the expression of β‐catenin, p‐AKT, p‐ERK, p‐p38 and increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and JNK in TGF‐β1‐treated AML‐12 cells via TGF‐β1/nonSmad pathway. Conversely, GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 reversed the ability of Honokiol to reduce Snail, β‐catenin and migration and activate E‐cadherin in TGF‐β1‐treated AML‐12 cells. Also, Honokiol suppressed hepatic steatosis and necrosis by reducing the expression of TGF‐β1 and α‐SMA in liver tissues of CCl4 treated mice. These findings provide scientific evidence that Honokiol suppresses EMT and hepatic fibrosis via activation of E‐cadherin/GSK3β/JNK and inhibition of AKT/ERK/p38/β‐catenin/TMPRSS4 signaling axis.
P3CPenT as an organic hole transport layer for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Pindolia Grishma , Shinde Satyam , Jha Prafulla K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSC) are the third‐generation solar cells, which have a low production cost and have achieved similar laboratory scale efficiencies as the first‐generation silicon solar cells. In the present work, we performed density functional theory calculations on the organic material, poly[3‐(5‐carboxypentyl) thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] regioregular (P3CPenT). The ground state and excited state properties of P3CPenT are calculated. The HOMO‐LUMO levels and electronic bandgap obtained from the calculations are compared with the experimental values for validation of the theory. A high electron reorganization energy and low hole reorganization energy ensures that P3CPenT aids the flow of holes and hinders the flow of electrons. The optical bandgap and low exciton binding energy indicates its potential as a hole transport layer (HTL). The ease of fabrication of P3CPenT is established by showing that the oligomer is soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is the most commonly utilized solvent for the fabrication of PSCs. The hydrophobic nature of P3CPenT as established by the present work shows that it is stable with moisture and would thus protect the underlying MAPbI3 perovskite layer from decomposing and hence improve its lifetime and stability. Fill factor (FF) of 78.07% and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.88% has been obtained for PSC with P3CPenT HTL.
River fragmentation in the northern Sandomierz Basin (SE Poland)
Authors: Bednarek Piotr , Mołoniewicz Lara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRiver fragmentation is a process highly detrimental for fish survival by impeding their migrations. Although fragmentation by big dams has been studied, there is still a big deficiency of data related to small barriers. This study was designed as a detailed, local‐scale analysis of several chosen river stretches in the Sandomierz Basin, Poland. It aimed to: (1) map all natural and artificial barriers in the study area, (2) assess the impacts of these barriers on fish migration, (3) compare findings to existing databases, and (4) make recommendations for improved barrier management. Ten lowland rivers covering a total 424 km length were surveyed by river walkovers and kayak surveys, with all the barriers mapped and all the artificial structures assessed for fish migration using the ICE protocol protocol for ecological continuity. There were 67 beaver dams and 89 artificial barriers recorded, with only 24% of the latter being included in national databases. The average artificial barrier density in all the surveyed rivers was 0.2 barriers/km and varied from 0.75 barriers/km in first order streams to 0.01 barriers/km in sixth order river. The findings revealed that 18% of the barriers were passable for all fish species, with 35% totally impassable. The analysis of specific barrier parameters indicated that water depth at the barrier had a greater influence on fish passability than the barrier height. Several barriers were proposed for removal to specifically improve the potential for fish migration.
A dynamic, multilevel approach to conceptualising and designing resilience research in the context of military stress
Authors: Polusny Melissa A. , Erbes Christopher R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChallenges in conceptualising resilience have impeded advancements in resilience science. In response, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) developed a general framework for harmonising the conceptualisation of resilience as a dynamic process determined by multiple systems and levels of analysis. Consistent with the NIH Resilience Framework, this paper presents a conceptual model of resilience applied to military service members. This model encompasses four core components necessary for resilience research: (1) the presence of significant challenge, (2) successful adaptation in response to the challenge, (3) the capacity for resilience (i.e., protective factors), and (4) the processes (i.e., mechanisms) by which protective factors exert positive effects on an individual's response. Guided by this conceptual model, we outline key methodological recommendations to advance resilience research and illustrate each using the Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience study as an exemplar. We emphasise the need for future research to examine resilience as a dynamic process and apply a multilevel approach. We hope to provide a basic road map to those interested in improving the rigour of future research on resilience in a military context, the results of which can inform the development of interventions.
A review of frequently used Kampo prescriptions: Part 2—Hangekobokuto
Authors: Suzuki Tomoko , Kikuchi Akiko , Kaneko Akiyo , Arita Ryutaro , Nogami Tatsuya , Saito Natsumi , Takayama Shin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe origin of hangekobokuto (HKT) is from Jin Gui Yao Lue (Kinkiyōryaku in Japanese), and it has been indicated for treating throat discomfort in women.Key FindingsHKT consists of five crude drugs. Clinical studies have shown that HKT can improve the swallowing reflex by increasing the substance P level in saliva; improve the cough reflex; reduce pneumonia in patients with dementia, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, or Parkinson's disease; reduce postoperative aspiration pneumonia in patients who undergo cardiovascular surgery; and improve depression and anxiety scores in patients with globus hystericus. Furthermore, HKT has been reported to increase serotonin (5‐HT) and noradrenaline levels in the hypothalamus, and dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum in a healthy rodent model; improve 5‐HT levels in the striatum and hippocampus, and ameliorate 5‐HT and DA reductions in the whole brain in an acute stress model; improve 5‐HT levels in the striatum, and ameliorate 5‐HT and DA reductions in the prefrontal cortex in a chronic stress model; and decrease corticosterone and corticotropin‐releasing factor levels in a chronic stress model. Reported adverse events of HKT include interstitial pneumonia (0.38 per 100 000 cases) and liver damage (0.89 per 100 000 cases), which are rare.ConclusionHKT is widely used and shows a low rate of adverse events. Several clinical studies have reported its effects in reducing aspiration pneumonia and improving depression and anxiety, some of which may be explained by the regulation of monoamines and stress hormones in the brain and substance P levels in the oral cavity.
Planning the foodshed: Rural and peri‐urban factors in local food strategies of major cities in Canada and the United States
Authors: Schreiber Kerstin , Winkler Klara J. , Abellon Killian , MacDonald Graham K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany North American cities seek to increase access to locally sourced foods. But to what degree are cities planning for and supporting peri‐urban and rural food production? We examined this question by analyzing 25 documents from 22 major United States and Canadian cities (>300,000 residents) with local food strategies or action plans, focusing on social, ecological, and technological factors relevant to local food production. Our review suggests that the following topics are often overlooked: farmland access and quality, farm viability, agricultural training and workforce, environmental and public health, processing infrastructure, climate change adaptation, and particular needs pertinent to those concerns among marginalized groups, including Black, Indigenous, and People of Color. Just under half of the cities defined how success or progress toward reaching their food‐related goals would be monitored and measured. Many municipalities considered collaboration as an important governance tool for realizing their strategies toward local food systems, including with actors from within the city and beyond, as cities’ governance scope, resources, and power are often limited. Besides illustrating ongoing municipal efforts to enhance local food systems, our study identifies focus areas in food policy and planning to avoid overlooking social and environmental trade‐offs in local foodsheds, including potentially overestimating self‐sufficiency capacity.
Evaluation of the short‐term echocardiographic effects of two loop diuretics, furosemide and torsemide, in a group of dogs
Authors: Hosseini Farzaneh , Mahmoudi Filabadi Zeinab , Hill Peter B , Hosseininejad Morteza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTwo loop diuretics, torsemide and frusemide, can affect the urinary system and consequently the cardiordiovascular haemodynamics in different ways.ObjectivesThis study compared a number of echocardiographic parameters and systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP) changes following administration of furosemide or torsemide.MethodsFive shelter dogs underwent transthoracic two‐dimensional M‐mode echocardiography to obtain the following measurements: left ventricular internal dimension at end‐systole (LVIDs), left ventricular internal dimension at end‐diastole (LVIDd), fractional shortening (FS), heart rate (HR) and the distance between the mitral valve socket and the ventricle wall (septal to E Point, SEP). Arterial blood pressure was measured using the oscillometric method. Measurements recorded before treatment (baseline data) were compared to those after the dogs received furosemide (5 mg/kg) or torsemide (0.5 mg/kg).ResultsTorsemide significantly reduced blood pressure 1 h after administration, but this was not seen with furosemide. Fractional shortening, LVIDd and SEP decreased following both treatments, but there were no significant differences between the treatment groups. Torsemide increased heart rate above that seen in the furosemide groups.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that 1 h after administration, torsemide increases heart rate and decreases blood pressure when compared to furosemide, but both drugs have similar effects on measured cardiovascular indices.
Association between neurofilament light chain concentration and lesion size in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin
Authors: Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Chae Yeon , Lee Dohee , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeurofilament light chain (NfL) is an axonal cytoplasmic protein in neurons. Recently, NfL has shown potential as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO). However, there have been no studies on the biomarkers of lesion progression and resolution in MUO.ObjectivesTo identify the potential of NfL as a biomarker for predicting changes in lesions.MethodsSeven dogs with MUO who had undergone two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were included. The serum NfL levels were measured using a single‐molecule array. The relationship between the rate of change in lesion size and the rate of change in serum NfL level was analysed using simple linear regression. To investigate the effect of changes in lesion size on NfL levels, the dogs were divided into two groups depending on the change in lesion size: decreased lesion size group (n = 5) and increased lesion size group (n = 2). Trends in lesion size change were identified in the second MRI compared with the first MRI.ResultsA significant positive relationship between the rate of lesion size change and the rate of NfL level change was identified (R2 = 0.9239, p = 0.0006). In the decreased lesion size group (n = 5), all NfL levels in each dog decreased, and in the increased lesion size group (n = 2), all NfL levels in each dog increased.ConclusionsThis preliminary study showed a positive relationship between the rate of change in lesion size and rate of change in serum NfL levels. Therefore, the serum NfL level may be a promising biomarker of lesion progression and resolution in MUO.
Cranial cruciate ligament avulsion due to osteochondrosis dissecans of the stifle joint in a golden retriever dog
Authors: Chernev Chavdar , Walsh Bernard , Kluczny Adam , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn 8‐month‐old, entire, male, 32‐kg golden retriever dog was presented with a grade 4/5 right hindlimb lameness. No history of trauma or injury was noted and the clinical symptoms had appeared suddenly. A computed tomography examination of the hindlimbs was performed, and changes in the right stifle joint included moderate joint effusion, synovial thickening, a detached fragment from the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle and concurrent changes of the condylar bone. The cortical bone of that area appeared damaged and had lost its smooth margins A cranial cruciate ligament avulsion was later confirmed by arthroscopy. Osteochondrosis dissecans was confirmed histopathologically, based on chondral necrosis and a clear fissure evident in the fragment. Osteochondrosis dissecans is associated with cartilage and bone changes in growing animals. There are known anatomical predilection sites for development of osteochondrosis, one of which is the lateral condyle of the femur. This is the first reported case where the dislodged bone fragment is also the point of origin for the cranial crucial ligament.
On the definition and effect of optimum gear microgeometry modifications for the gearbox of an offshore 10‐MW wind turbine
Authors: Blanco Blas , Escalona José Luís , Lambert Robert , Ling Robert , Balling Ole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work develops an optimization algorithm for the definition of gear microgeometry modifications (MGM) on a gearbox belonging to an offshore 10‐MW wind turbine. Subsequently, the impact of the gear microgeometry on the performance of gears and bearings is quantified: First, under rated load conditions and, second, accounting for the environmental conditions to estimate the long‐term damage. To fulfil this task, a high‐fidelity numerical model of the drivetrain is used, which meets the design requirements of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) 10‐MW reference offshore wind turbine. The optimization achieves a uniform distribution of the contact stress along the tooth flank, shifts its maximum value to the central position, and eliminates edge contact. These enhancements increase the gear safety factors. Nevertheless, the most significant improvement concerns planetary bearings, for which optimum gear MGM achieve a homogeneous share of the load among bearings. Moreover, deviations of the microgeometry with respect to the defined optimum are also addressed. In gears, lead slope deviations are counteracted by crowning modifications to restrain the increase of the load offset. Concerning planetary bearings, slope deviations can be beneficial or detrimental depending on whether they overload downwind or upwind planetary bearings, respectively. Finally, accumulated damage to planetary bearings after 20 years of service is assessed. Before MGM, results predict a premature failure of planetary bearings, while optimum MGM extend their predicted life above 20 years by achieving a reduction of the maximum accumulated fatigue damage by a factor of 4.4.
Nanotechnology‐empowered therapeutics targeting neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Wang Zhiren , Gonzalez Karina Marie , Cordova Leyla Estrella , Lu Jianqin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are posing pressing health issues due to the high prevalence among aging populations in the 21st century. They are evidenced by the progressive loss of neuronal function, often associated with neuronal necrosis and many related devastating complications. Nevertheless, effective therapeutical strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases remain a tremendous challenge due to the multisystemic nature and limited drug delivery to the central nervous system. As a result, there is a pressing need to develop effective alternative therapeutics to manage the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. By utilizing the functional reconstructive materials and technologies with specific targeting ability at the nanoscale level, nanotechnology‐empowered medicines can transform the therapeutic paradigms of neurodegenerative diseases with minimal systemic side effects. This review outlines the current applications and progresses of the nanotechnology‐enabled drug delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies