bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of question‐first citizen science in urban ecology and conservation
Authors: Parris Kirsten M. , Steven Rochelle , Vogel Blythe , Lentini Pia E. , Hartel Jasmin , Soanes Kylie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCitizen‐science projects focused on ecology and conservation have been growing in popularity in recent years, offering many opportunities for researchers and volunteers alike. Two principal approaches to citizen‐science projects in ecology can be characterized as the data‐first approach and the question‐first approach. Here, we highlight the value of question‐first citizen‐science projects for providing insights into the ecology and management of urban wildlife, using case studies on (1) beneficial insects (pollinators, predators and parasitoids) and (2) possums and gliders in Australian cities and towns. The question‐first approach has many benefits, offering a platform to engage volunteers with the scientific process and the broader context of an ecological or conservation problem, while also connecting them with their local environment. Identifying the questions to be addressed in a citizen‐science project ahead of data collection allows for co‐design and stronger collaboration with volunteers, community groups, local experts, and landscape managers. Question‐first citizen science can also provide valuable ecological data that extend substantially beyond presence‐only records, including presence‐absence data collected via timed surveys and information on animal behavior and interspecific interactions. However, establishing and maintaining question‐first citizen‐science projects can be challenging, requiring the building and maintenance of many relationships and a multidisciplinary approach that goes well beyond the usual activities of an academic researcher. Well‐designed, question‐first citizen science has the capacity to achieve both scientific rigor and meaningful engagement with volunteer participants.
Fear of hyperglycaemia in parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus – A multi‐centre multinational study
Authors: Liberman Alon , Shenker Michal Nevo , Bello Rachel , Yackobovitch‐Gavan Michal , Shachar‐Lavie Iris , Wójcik Małgorzata , Starmach Anna , Starzyk Jerzy B. , Kostopoulou Eirini , Chrysis Dionisios , Phillip Moshe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsStudy aims: (1) developing and validating a novel questionnaire for measuring fear of hyperglycaemia among parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) – the Hyperglycaemia Fear Survey – Parent version (FoHyper‐P); (2) investigating correlations between parental fear of hyperglycaemia and objective measures of glycaemic control.MethodsA multi‐centre, multinational study of 152 parents of children with T1D was conducted in three large diabetes clinics from Israel, Poland, and Greece. Inclusion criteria were parents of children aged 6–16 years, at least 6 months from diagnosis, at least 3 months of CGM use and parental involvement in care. Parents filled the FoHyper‐P and the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey – Parent Version (HFS‐P). Patient data were obtained via electronic medical records and informative questionnaires. Bonferroni correction was performed to counteract multiple comparisons.ResultsSignificant strong‐moderate correlations were found between FoHyper‐P and HFS‐P including total questionnaires scoring (r = 0.747, pBonf < 0.001), worries subscales (r = 0.735, pBonf <0.001), and behaviour subscales (r = 0.532, pBonf <0.001). Using linear regression models, we found a positive association between the worry subscale and HbA1C. Weak correlations (p < 0.05, not significant after Bonferroni correction) were found between time in range, time above range and parental fear of hyperglycaemia as well as between worry subscales and a higher HbA1C in the past year, percent of hyperglycaemia and lower TIR.ConclusionsThe FoHyper‐P is a novel, validated tool for assessing parental fear of hyperglycaemia. Integrating it into clinical practice addresses an underestimated aspect of parental diabetes management, enabling better care for children with T1D.
Sex comparisons in the association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes with cognitive function, depression, and quality of life: The Maastricht study
Authors: de Ritter Rianneke , Sep Simone J. S. , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , Koster Annemarie , Eussen Simone J. P. M. , Dagnelie Pieter C. , van Boxtel Martin , Schram Miranda T. , Köhler Sebastian , Martens Jordi A. J. , Snobl Lucia , Vos Rimke C. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Peters Sanne A. E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsThere are sex differences in the excess risk of diabetes‐associated cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear whether these sex differences exist with regard to other complications like mental health aspects. Therefore, we investigated sex differences in the association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with cognitive function, depression, and quality of life (QoL).Materials and MethodsIn a population‐based cross‐sectional cohort study (n = 7639; age 40–75 years, 50% women, 25% T2D), we estimated sex‐specific associations, and differences therein, of prediabetes and T2D (reference: normal glucose metabolism) with measures of cognitive function, depression, and physical and mental QoL. Sex differences were analysed using multiple regression models with interaction terms.ResultsIn general, T2D, but not prediabetes, was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment, major depressive disorder, and poorer QoL. The odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment associated with T2D was 1.29 (95% CI: 0.96–1.72) for women and 1.39 (1.10–1.75) for men. The OR of major depressive disorder associated with T2D was 1.19 (0.69–2.04) for women and 1.68 (1.02–2.75) for men. The mean difference of the physical QoL score (ranging from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating the best possible QoL) associated with T2D was −2.09 (−2.92 to −1.25) for women and −1.81 (−2.48 to −1.13) for men. The mean difference of the mental QoL score associated with T2D was −0.90 (−1.79 to −0.02) for women and −0.52 (−1.23 to 0.20) for men. There was no clear pattern of sex differences in the associations of either prediabetes or T2D with measures of cognitive function, depression, or QoL.ConclusionsIn general, T2D was associated with worse cognitive function, depression, and poorer QoL. The strength of these associations was similar among women and men.
Comparison of the effects of gemigliptin versus glimepiride on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin: The gemi‐heart study
Authors: Chung Seung Min , Moon Jun Sung , Hong Jun Hwa , Hwang In‐Chang , Lim Soo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of gemigliptin on cardiac function and compare the effects of gemigliptin and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsSixty T2D patients being treated with metformin were assigned to a gemigliptin group (50 mg daily) or a glimepiride group (2 mg daily) for 24 weeks. The preadjudicated extension period was up to 52 weeks. Glucose metabolism variables and cardiac biomarkers were measured. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac functions.ResultsThe HbA1c levels decreased significantly from 8.1% ± 0.6% to 6.8% ± 0.6% in the gemigliptin group and from 8.1% ± 0.6% to 7.0% ± 0.7% in the glimepiride group, without a between‐group difference. Gemigliptin reduced insulin resistance, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and blood pressure, and increased adiponectin level compared with glimepiride therapy. Gemigliptin induced favourable changes in body composition. Left ventricular end‐diastolic volume decreased in the gemigliptin group but increased in the glimepiride group, with a borderline between‐group difference. Cardiac biomarkers did not change significantly in either group. At 52 weeks, the HbA1c levels in both groups increased slightly; 7.3% ± 0.8% in the gemigliptin group versus 7.7% ± 1.3% in the glimepiride group, without a between‐group difference.ConclusionsGemigliptin had a comparable glucose‐lowering efficacy without deleterious effects on cardiac functions or on biomarkers reflective of myocardial injury or heart failure during the 24‐week observation period. However, larger, longer‐term studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Which factors are associated with duration of untreated illness in borderline personality disorder?
Authors: Esposito Cecilia Maria , Auxilia Anna Maria , Ceresa Alessandro , Zanvit Francesco Giuseppe , Zanelli Quarantini Francesco , Capuzzi Enrico , Caldiroli Alice , Clerici Massimo , Buoli Massimiliano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a prevalent condition associated with high rates of hospitalizations. The purpose of this manuscript was to detect the factors associated with duration of untreated illness (DUI) in BPD.MethodsThrough chart review, we identified 152 patients followed up by community psychiatry services in Milan and Monza, Italy. The association between DUI and socioeconomic and clinical variables was examined using Pearson correlation and analyses of variances. The statistically significant variables from univariate analyses were then inserted in regression models.ResultsA longer DUI was associated with several variables (substance misuse after the onset of BPD, older age, earlier age at onset, longer duration of illness), but these results were not maintained in the regression analyses.ConclusionsIn conclusion, DUI does not seem to be significantly associated with specific clinical aspects of BPD, or significantly modify the course and outcome of the disorder. Studies with larger samples have to confirm these preliminary findings.
House sparrows exhibit individual differences in generalization when confronted with different novel stimuli
Authors: McLaughlin Allison L. , Westneat David F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeneralization refers to the process by which animals assign different stimuli into cognitive categories based on their similarity/dissimilarity to previously experienced stimuli. Stimuli that strongly deviate from previous experience may be avoided due to their novelty (i.e., neophobia), while stimuli that are sufficiently similar to a known/recognized cue may elicit the same response as that cue (i.e., generalization). While generalization has been widely researched, few studies have examined among‐individual variance in its expression. Our study quantified among‐individual variation in neophobia and generalization in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) by placing a series of different objects next to each subject's food source on successive days and measuring the subject's latency to approach the food source in the presence versus absence of each object. Similar to previous work, we found that house sparrows are neophobic on average and exhibit significant among‐individual variance in neophobia. More interestingly, we found that the neophobic response declined across presentations of different novel objects. This implies that the sparrows generalized some aspect(s) of the objects. We also found significant among‐individual variance in the rate at which approach latency changed across this series, possibly reflecting individual differences in propensity to generalize. These results raise new questions about how neophobia, habituation, and generalization are linked and about the potential for selection to act on these traits under different ecological conditions.
SE_SPnet: Rice leaf disease prediction using stacked parallel convolutional neural network with squeeze‐and‐excitation
Authors: Bhuyan Parag , Singh Pranav Kumar , Das Sujit Kumar , Kalla Anshuman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRice is one of the significant crops, and the early identification and prevention of its diseases are essential to ensure adequate and healthy availability to the world's growing population. The use of image processing is an encouraging method for automatic rice leaf disease identification and detection. In particular, the recent advancements indicate the effectiveness of convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning approaches. In this direction, the present work proposes a novel stacked parallel convolution layers‐based network (SPnet) with the squeeze‐and‐excitation (SE) architecture, named (SE_SPnet), for classifying diseased rice leaf images. The stacked parallel network block comprises four parallel convolution layers with different kernel sizes for abstractions of the global and local features. The SE block extracts feature information automatically while removing invalid ones. We compare the SE_SPnet model with state‐of‐the‐art CNN models such as VGG16, DenseNet121, and InceptionV3 based on computational effort, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall, and F1‐score. The experimental results show that the SE_SPnet outperforms standard CNN models for the considered rice leaf disease image datasets. In particular, the SE_SPnet achieves the highest accuracy (99.2%), sensitivity (98.2%), specificity (98.5%), precision (98.4%), recall (98.2%), and F1‐score (98.5%) while using stochastic gradient descent (with momentum) optimizer with a 0.01 learning rate. Furthermore, the SE_SPnet also exhibits to outperform when compared with some of the most recent and relevant existing works.
Flock optimization induced deep learning for improved diabetes disease classification
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Divager , Husin Nor Azura , Mustapha Norwati , Sharef Nurfadhlina Mohd , Mohd Aris Teh Noranis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiabetic disease classification requires a precise understanding of the clinical inputs and their intensity as observed through different stages. Automated and machine‐centric classification requires validated data handling and non‐converging inputs. For improving the classification precision impacted due by complex computations, this article introduces an assimilated method incorporating flock optimization and conventional deep learning. Deep learning trains the classification system through the best‐fit solution generated by the flock optimization. The features from the input data are first identified for which an initial population is initiated. The identified features are classified based on their leap‐up behaviour; this behaviour is induced if the data feature modifies the actual representation. If the data feature shows up over‐fitting behaviour, then it is classified as abnormal and is discarded. Therefore the objective function is to identify the best‐fitting data feature from the maximum flock members showing similar leap‐up behaviour. This output is used for training the deep learning paradigm for classifying precision‐less and high features. The precision is determined using existing classified data that matches better the flock output. If the classified data is under less precision, then the leap‐up behaviours' objective is tuned to eliminate over‐fitting inputs. Therefore, the variable features are thwarted for preventing precision degradation for varying diabetics' clinical observed data. The introduced system maximize the recognition accuracy by 8.47% and minimize the complexity by 7.65%.
The role of transformational leadership in enhancing competitive advantage for E‐business analysis in organisational practices
Authors: Saleh Sarhang Salahadin , Auso Khairi Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research examines the connection between the adoption of e‐commerce and leadership ideologies. The purpose of the study is to evaluate leaders' perspectives toward using e‐commerce and to determine the sorts of management styles that are associated with the level of e‐commerce adoption. Becoming a successful leader in the economic world of today is a difficult task. Businesses which have already adopted new business concepts nowadays often have a greater benefit and fulfil more clients than businesses that operate in the traditional way. The personality and leadership style of a manager directly affect the business ecology, according to experience. To improve the organisation's efficiency in practice, various methods are widely used to promote employees' personal development based on the “generating learning” and “organisational knowledge” systems. This study investigates the role of leadership in enhancing competitive advantage for E‐business analysis in organisational practices that has been done at the Near East University in Cyprus. The study provided questionnaires among the university's teaching staff to know the role of leadership in the eyes of the academic staff. The results showed that transformational leadership influences the competitive advantage, proved by the data collected from the Near East University in Cyprus, which contributes to increasing the competitiveness of the university and its sustainable development.
Emotions, perspectives, and English language teacher identity construction: A phenomenographic‐narrative study
Authors: Nazari Mostafa , Karimpour Sedigheh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the recent surge of interest in language teacher emotions, little research has examined the role of cognitive and social dimensions of teachers’ emotions in their identity construction. Adopting a phenomenographic‐narrative approach, the present qualitative study examined the connection between English language teachers’ perspectives, emotions, and identities. Seventeen Iranian English teachers were first presented with four emotionally charged prompts, which involved teachers with anger, sadness, fear, and happiness emotions, to examine their appraisal of the prompts. The teachers were then interviewed to explore how they made sense of the prompts relative to their own identity construction. The findings indicated that the teachers associated prompt‐related teachers’ emotions with personal–psychological, pedagogical, and institutional reasons underlying power relations and competing discourses shaping their own emotions and identities. Moreover, the teachers narrated stories that were perceived as dynamically shaping their identities through the reflective potential of such experiences. The study concludes with implications for the connection between language teachers’ cognitions and emotions, and the role of these factors in their identity construction.
A COMPARISON OF CONTROLLED RELEASE METOCLOPRAMIDE AND DOMPERIDONE IN THE TREATMENT OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING
Authors: Roy P , Patel N H , Miller A J 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY Dopamine antagonists are effective anti‐emetics. Domperidone does not readily cross the blood‐brain barrier and is less likely to cause central nervous system side‐effects than metoclopramide. However, a direct comparison of the safety and efficacy of the two drugs has not hitherto been made.Ninety‐five patients, with symptoms of nausea and vomiting due to a variety of oesophageal or gastric disorders, were recruited into a randomised, double‐blind, three‐part, parallel‐group comparative study of controlled release metoclopramide 15 mg (Gastrobid Continus tablets, Napp Laboratories) given twice daily, and domperidone 10 mg or 20 mg given three times daily. Assessments for nausea, vomiting, reflux symptoms and adverse events were made on entry to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment regimes for a period of seven days, throughout which daily symptomatology and use of escape medication were recorded on a diary card. At the end of the treatment period, nausea, vomiting and reflux symptoms, adverse events and a global assessment of patients' symptom control were recorded by the investigator.Both controlled release metoclopramide and high and low dose domperidone significantly reduced symptoms of belching, flatulence, distension, heartburn, regurgitation, reflux, nausea and vomiting compared to baseline. There were no significant differences between the three treatments in efficacy or in the number and severity of side‐effects.
Be prepared: How training and emergency type affect evacuation behaviour
Authors: Liu Ruying , Zhu Runhe , Becerik‐Gerber Burcin , Lucas Gale M. , Southers Erroll G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundVideo‐based training has been widely adopted by private organizations and public authorities to educate occupants on various types of building emergencies. However, the effectiveness of video‐based training for preparing occupants for building emergencies has not been rigorously studied nor has the impact of emergency type been investigated on training effectiveness.ObjectivesThis study examines whether video‐based training is an effective method to prepare occupants for building emergencies and how the effectiveness differs in the context of different building emergencies.MethodsWe simulated fire and active shooter emergencies in a virtual office building and conducted evacuation experiments to examine participants' emergency responses using both objective and subjective metrics. A total of 108 participants were recruited and responded to the fire or active shooter incident with or without video‐based training.Results and ConclusionsThe results revealed that participants with video‐based training more often chose to follow other recommendations when responding to building emergencies instead of simply following others. Results from ANOVA showed that training increased participants' self‐efficacy significantly, especially for those in the active shooter group. Moreover, participants in the active shooter simulation had a higher level of response efficacy than those in the fire emergency simulation. Our results also demonstrated the influence of emergency type on participants' final decisions and considerations of the recommendations.ImplicationsOur results suggested that video‐based training is effective in improving participants' emergency preparedness and changing their behaviour patterns to a certain extent such as reducing following behaviour and encouraging safe evacuations. Additionally, statistically significant interactions between video‐based training and emergency types suggested that training effectiveness should be considered in accordance with the emergency type.
Online proctored exams and digital inequalities during the pandemic
Authors: Hartnett Maggie , Butler Philippa , Rawlins Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of the COVID‐19 and the resulting global pandemic has ushered in far‐reaching changes for countries across the world, not least of which are changes to their education systems. With traditional location‐based exams no longer possible at universities, the uptake of online proctored exams (OPE) has occurred at a pace not seen prior to the pandemic. Students' experiences of online proctored exams during the pandemic are reasonably well‐understood in terms of digital access and ease of use of the technology. However, less is known about students' perceptions of digital confidence and competence to complete an online exam, both of which are important digital equity considerations.ObjectivesThis study investigates students' digital confidence and competence to undertake online proctored exams to determine whether issues of equity exist for students.MethodsThis study reports the results of a survey (N = 761) of one university's students' experiences of end‐of‐semester online proctored exams in New Zealand.ResultsMost students were positive about online exams, felt reasonably confident to complete an exam, and had the necessary digital access (i.e., devices, internet) and competence to succeed. However, digital inequalities were found between students' perceptions of digital competence based on ethnicity. While more time learning online equated to increasing self‐reported digital competence for most ethnic groups, this was not the case for Pacific learners.TakeawaysPerceptions of low digital competence can contribute to digital inequalities. Educators can support learners to develop positive perceptions of digital competence by teaching digital literacy skills.