bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-selective proteomics segregates pancreatic cancer subtypes by extracellular proteins in tumors and circulation
Authors: Swietlik Jonathan J. , Bärthel Stefanie , Falcomatà Chiara , Fink Diana , Sinha Ankit , Cheng Jingyuan , Ebner Stefan , Landgraf Peter , Dieterich Daniela C. , Daub Henrik , Saur Dieter , Meissner Felix 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCell-selective proteomics is a powerful emerging concept to study heterocellular processes in tissues. However, its high potential to identify non-cell-autonomous disease mechanisms and biomarkers has been hindered by low proteome coverage. Here, we address this limitation and devise a comprehensive azidonorleucine labeling, click chemistry enrichment, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics and secretomics strategy to dissect aberrant signals in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our in-depth co-culture and in vivo analyses cover more than 10,000 cancer cell-derived proteins and reveal systematic differences between molecular PDAC subtypes. Secreted proteins, such as chemokines and EMT-promoting matrisome proteins, associated with distinct macrophage polarization and tumor stromal composition, differentiate classical and mesenchymal PDAC. Intriguingly, more than 1,600 cancer cell-derived proteins including cytokines and pre-metastatic niche formation-associated factors in mouse serum reflect tumor activity in circulation. Our findings highlight how cell-selective proteomics can accelerate the discovery of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in cancer.
Direct nano-imaging of light-matter interactions in nanoscale excitonic emitters
Authors: Jo Kiyoung , Marino Emanuele , Lynch Jason , Jiang Zhiqiao , Gogotsi Natalie , Darlington Thomas P. , Soroush Mohammad , Schuck P. James , Borys Nicholas J. , Murray Christopher B. , Jariwala Deep 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStrong light-matter interactions in localized nano-emitters placed near metallic mirrors have been widely reported via spectroscopic studies in the optical far-field. Here, we report a near-field nano-spectroscopic study of localized nanoscale emitters on a flat Au substrate. Using quasi 2-dimensional CdSe/CdxZn1-xS nanoplatelets, we observe directional propagation on the Au substrate of surface plasmon polaritons launched from the excitons of the nanoplatelets as wave-like fringe patterns in the near-field photoluminescence maps. These fringe patterns were confirmed via extensive electromagnetic wave simulations to be standing-waves formed between the tip and the edge-up assembled nano-emitters on the substrate plane. We further report that both light confinement and in-plane emission can be engineered by tuning the surrounding dielectric environment of the nanoplatelets. Our results lead to renewed understanding of in-plane, near-field electromagnetic signal transduction from the localized nano-emitters with profound implications in nano and quantum photonics as well as resonant optoelectronics.
Plasmodium falciparum has evolved multiple mechanisms to hijack human immunoglobulin M
Authors: Ji Chenggong , Shen Hao , Su Chen , Li Yaxin , Chen Shihua , Sharp Thomas H. , Xiao Junyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum causes the most severe malaria in humans. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) serves as the first line of humoral defense against infection and potently activates the complement pathway to facilitate P. falciparum clearance. A number of P. falciparum proteins bind IgM, leading to immune evasion and severe disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy, we delineate how P. falciparum proteins VAR2CSA, TM284VAR1, DBLMSP, and DBLMSP2 target IgM. Each protein binds IgM in a different manner, and together they present a variety of Duffy-binding-like domain-IgM interaction modes. We further show that these proteins interfere directly with IgM-mediated complement activation in vitro, with VAR2CSA exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect. These results underscore the importance of IgM for human adaptation of P. falciparum and provide critical insights into its immune evasion mechanism.
Single-atomic-site platinum steers photogenerated charge carrier lifetime of hematite nanoflakes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Gao Rui-Ting , Zhang Jiangwei , Nakajima Tomohiko , He Jinlu , Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xueyuan , Wang Lei , Wu Limin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough much effort has been devoted to improving photoelectrochemical water splitting of hematite (α-Fe2O3) due to its high theoretical solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 15.5%, the low applied bias photon-to-current efficiency remains a huge challenge for practical applications. Herein, we introduce single platinum atom sites coordination with oxygen atom (Pt-O/Pt-O-Fe) sites into single crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes photoanodes (SAs Pt:Fe2O3-Ov). The single-atom Pt doping of α-Fe2O3 can induce few electron trapping sites, enhance carrier separation capability, and boost charge transfer lifetime in the bulk structure as well as improve charge carrier injection efficiency at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. Further introduction of surface oxygen vacancies can suppress charge carrier recombination and promote surface reaction kinetics, especially at low potential. Accordingly, the optimum SAs Pt:Fe2O3-Ov photoanode exhibits the photoelectrochemical performance of 3.65 and 5.30 mA cm−2 at 1.23 and 1.5 VRHE, respectively, with an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 0.68% for the hematite-based photoanodes. This study opens an avenue for designing highly efficient atomic-level engineering on single crystalline semiconductors for feasible photoelectrochemical applications.
Mild steel corrosion behavior in a coastal megacity relevant to China Pakistan economic corridor
Authors: Zafar Faiza , Bano Humaira , Wahab M. Farooq , Corvo Francisco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis 2-year study investigated mild steel corrosion in Karachi, Pakistan, comparing findings with other major coastal cities. Karachi plays a strategic role in China Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) project. International Organization for Standardization and American Society for Testing and Materials standards were used to measure atmospheric corrosivity (C), corrosion rates, time of wetness, pollutants, and corrosion products along with analytical techniques. Corrosion rates classified three urban test sites as C3, three marine test sites as C5, and two urban and two industrial test sites as C4. The power-linear function was used to predict corrosion rates and corrosivity categories over 20 years. Long-term predictions showed medium C3 for urban and industrial sites and high C4 for marine sites. Mild steel might be the most effective material at marine test sites (average corrosion rates of 383–416 µm y−1). Different quantities/morphologies of lepidocrocite, goethite, and magnetite were commonly present, and akaganeite was occasionally detected.
A qualitative of stable symptomatology for patients with schizophrenia: do they have adequate post-discharge rehabilitative resources?
Authors: Sun Xirong , Zhang Xiyan , Liu Liang , Zhang Lei , Zhan Ting , Chen Yanhua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany patients diagnosed with schizophrenia face obstacles to rehabilitation and discharge into the community, particularly with regard to the way resources are structured. Clarifying the difficulties will help health care providers address rehabilitation shortcomings. Semistructured in-depth interviews and participatory observations were conducted in various locations (family home, hospital ward, outpatient clinic, and on the street) with families, social workers, doctors, nursing staff, and patients with schizophrenia. These patients met the medical facility’s hospital discharge standards and either had not been discharged or had been discharged within two weeks of meeting the discharge criteria. This study explores the complex and interdependent role of social differences in the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia after acute treatment. The study identified five topics related to structural difficulties in resources for the rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: (1) the role of policy; (2) inadequate facilities and responsibilities; (3) rejecting communities; (4) difficult families; and (5) the threat of stigma. The rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is a systemic problem. Systemic rehabilitation policies and integrated social support would be more conducive to the rehabilitation of patients. Perhaps cognitive remediation therapy or the Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) Model could benefit individuals with complex disorders.
Development and characterization of agonistic antibodies targeting the Ig-like 1 domain of MuSK
Authors: Lim Jamie L. , Augustinus Roy , Plomp Jaap J. , Roya-Kouchaki Kasra , Vergoossen Dana L. E. , Fillié-Grijpma Yvonne , Struijk Josephine , Thomas Rachel , Salvatori Daniela , Steyaert Christophe , Blanchetot Christophe , Vanhauwaert Roeland , Silence Karen , van der Maarel Silvère M. , Verschuuren Jan J. , Huijbers Maartje G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMuscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is crucial for acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering and thereby neuromuscular junction (NMJ) function. NMJ dysfunction is a hallmark of several neuromuscular diseases, including MuSK myasthenia gravis. Aiming to restore NMJ function, we generated several agonist monoclonal antibodies targeting the MuSK Ig-like 1 domain. These activated MuSK and induced AChR clustering in cultured myotubes. The most potent agonists partially rescued myasthenic effects of MuSK myasthenia gravis patient IgG autoantibodies in vitro. In an IgG4 passive transfer MuSK myasthenia model in NOD/SCID mice, MuSK agonists caused accelerated weight loss and no rescue of myasthenic features. The MuSK Ig-like 1 domain agonists unexpectedly caused sudden death in a large proportion of male C57BL/6 mice (but not female or NOD/SCID mice), likely caused by a urologic syndrome. In conclusion, these agonists rescued pathogenic effects in myasthenia models in vitro, but not in vivo. The sudden death in male mice of one of the tested mouse strains revealed an unexpected and unexplained role for MuSK outside skeletal muscle, thereby hampering further (pre-) clinical development of these clones. Future research should investigate whether other Ig-like 1 domain MuSK antibodies, binding different epitopes, do hold a safe therapeutic promise.
Fish response to the presence of hydrokinetic turbines as a sustainable energy solution
Authors: Müller Stephanie , Muhawenimana Valentine , Sonnino-Sorisio Guglielmo , Wilson Catherine A. M. E. , Cable Joanne , Ouro Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrokinetic turbines such as vertical axis turbines (VATs) may provide decentralised, clean, sustainable energy for remote communities that lack access to the main energy grid or renewable resources. As traditional hydropower adversely alters aquatic ecosystems, it is essential to evaluate the environmental consequences of deploying VATs in riverine ecosystems to meet current and future energy needs. This study explores the implications of VATs on fish movement by observing fish swimming behaviour under two discharges, turbine operation states, and cross-sections confinements using scaled laboratory experiments. Our findings reveal that for cross-sectional confined conditions neither discharge, turbine presence, nor device operation, prevented fish from passing around and through the turbine both in the up- and downstream directions. However, fish spent the least time near the turbine vicinity and within the turbine’s turbulent, low-velocity wake, indicating avoidance behaviour. Swimming in a less confined test section further reduced the time spent within the turbine’s vicinity and wake, increasing the distance fish kept away from the device. Our results contribute to an understanding of VATs as low-risk hazards for fish swimming behaviour, advancing the potential of deploying VATs in rivers, estuaries or sea as a renewable energy solution for remote communities.
Investigation the effect of water addition on intermolecular interactions of fatty acids-based deep eutectic solvents by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Barani pour Samaneh , Jahanbin Sardroodi Jaber , Rastkar Ebrahimzadeh Alireza , Pazuki Gholamreza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, we focused on the interaction between hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond doner (HBD) in the binary mixtures. The results showed that Cl− anion plays a key role in the formation of DESs. Also, the structural stability of deep eutectic solvents based on fatty acids (FAs) and choline chloride (Ch+Cl−) at different ratios was investigated in water using molecular dynamics simulations. We observed that the interaction between the chloride anion and the hydroxyl group of the cation leads to the transition of HBA to the water-rich phase. These atomic sites have important rule in the stability of the eutectic mixtures based on FAs and Cl− anion. However, it seems that the binary mixtures with the mole percent at 30% of [Ch+Cl−] and 70% of FAs have more stability than other ratios.
Evolutionary mechanisms underlying the diversification of nuclear factor of activated T cells across vertebrates
Authors: Gamboa Maribet , Kitamura Noriko , Miura Kento , Noda Satoko , Kaminuma Osamu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms of immunity linked to biological evolution are crucial for understanding animal morphogenesis, organogenesis, and biodiversity. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family consists of five members (NFATc1–c4, 5) with different functions in the immune system. However, the evolutionary dynamics of NFATs in vertebrates has not been explored. Herein, we investigated the origin and mechanisms underlying the diversification of NFATs by comparing the gene, transcript and protein sequences, and chromosome information. We defined an ancestral origin of NFATs during the bilaterian development, dated approximately 650 million years ago, where NFAT5 and NFATc1–c4 were derived independently. The conserved parallel evolution of NFATs in multiple species was probably attributed to their innate nature. Conversely, frequent gene duplications and chromosomal rearrangements in the recently evolved taxa have suggested their roles in the adaptive immune evolution. A significant correlation was observed between the chromosome rearrangements with gene duplications and the structural fixation changes in vertebrate NFATs, suggesting their role in NFAT diversification. Remarkably, a conserved gene structure around NFAT genes with vertebrate evolutionary-related breaking points indicated the inheritance of NFATs with their neighboring genes as a unit. The close relationship between NFAT diversification and vertebrate immune evolution was suggested.
Antibacterial activity of vB_AbaM_PhT2 phage hydrophobic amino acid fusion endolysin, combined with colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Sitthisak Sutthirat , Manrueang Suphattra , Khongfak Supat , Leungtongkam Udomluk , Thummeepak Rapee , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Burton Nathan , Dhanoa Gurneet K. , Tsapras Panagiotis , Sagona Antonia P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhage lytic enzymes are promising antimicrobial agents. In this study, an endolysin derived from vB_AbaM_PhT2 (vPhT2), was identified. This endolysin represented the conserved lysozyme domain. Recombinant endolysin (lysAB- vT2) and hydrophobic fusion endolysin (lysAB-vT2-fusion) were expressed and purified. Both endolysins showed lytic activity against bacterial crude cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC of lysAB-vT2-fusion was 2 mg/ml corresponding to 100 µM, while the MIC of lysAB-vT2 was more than 10 mg/ml (400 µM). Combination of lysAB-vT2-fusion with colistin, polymyxin B or copper was synergistic against A. baumannii (FICI value as 0.25). Antibacterial activity of lysAB-vT2-fusion plus colistin at the fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) revealed that it can inhibit Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and various strains of extremely drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDRAB) and phage resistant A. baumannii. The lysAB- vT2-fusion still retained its antibacterial activity after incubating the enzyme at 4, 20, 40 and 60 °C for 30 min. The lysAB-vT2-fusion could inhibit the mature biofilm, and incubation of lysAB-vT2-fusion with T24 human cells infected with A. baumannii led to a partial reduction of LDH release from T24 cells. In summary, our study highlights the antimicrobial ability of engineered lysAB-vT2-fusion endolysin, which can be applied for the control of A. baumannii infection.
A novel dual feedwater circuit for a parabolic trough solar power plant
Authors: Al-Maliki Wisam Abed Kattea , Alsaedi Sajda S. , Khafaji Hayder Q. A. , Alobaid Falah , Epple Bernd 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe validated dynamic model of a parabolic trough power plant (PTPP) is improved by the combination of a new feedwater circuit (feedwater/HTF circuit) and a reference feedwater circuit (feedwater/steam circuit) as well as the development of the steam turbine model. Such design represents the first effort of research to utilize a dual feedwater circuit inside the PTPP to increase the power output in the daylight from 50 to 68 MWel and raise night operating hours at a lower cost. The purpose of increasing the operating night hours at a power (48 MWel) as in the reference PTPP is to get rid of the fossil fuel backup system and rely only on the absorbed solar energy and the stored energy in the molten salt. During daylight hours, the feedwater circuit is operated using Feedwater/HTF. In the transient period, the feedwater/HTF circuit will gradually be closed due to a decrease in solar radiation. Furthermore, the rest of the nominal feedwater mass flow rate (49 kg/s) is gradually replenished from the feedwater/steam circuit. After sunset, the entirety of the feedwater is heated based on the steam extracted from the turbine. The purpose of this improvement is to raise the number of nightly operational hours by reducing the nominal load from 61.93 to 48 MWel as a result of low energy demand during the evening hours. Therefore, a comparison study between the reference model and this optimization (optimization 2) is conducted for clear days (26th–27th/June and 13th–14th/July 2010) in order to understand the influence of dual feedwater circuit. The comparison indicates that the operational hours of the power block (PB) will be obviously increased. Moreover, this improvement reduces based on the fossil fuel system at night. As the last step, an economic analysis was performed on the costs of the referenced and the optimized PTPP as a function of the levelized energy cost (LEC). The results illustrate that the specific energy cost of a PTPP with 7.5 h of storage capacity is lowered by about 14.5% by increasing the output of the PTPP from 50 to 68 MWel.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) spatiotemporal mapping of atypical P38 reveals an endosomal and cytosolic spatial bias
Authors: Burton Jeremy C. , Okalova Jennifer , Grimsey Neil J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is a central regulator of intracellular signaling, driving physiological and pathological pathways. With over 150 downstream targets, it is predicted that spatial positioning and the availability of cofactors and substrates determines kinase signaling specificity. The subcellular localization of p38 is highly dynamic to facilitate the selective activation of spatially restricted substrates. However, the spatial dynamics of atypical p38 inflammatory signaling are understudied. We utilized subcellular targeted fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) p38 activity biosensors to map the spatial profile of kinase activity. Through comparative analysis of plasma membrane, cytosolic, nuclear, and endosomal compartments, we confirm a characteristic profile of nuclear bias for mitogen-activated kinase kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6) dependent p38 activation. Conversely, atypical p38 activation via thrombin-mediated protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) activity led to enhanced p38 activity at the endosome and cytosol, limiting nuclear p38 activity, a profile conserved for prostaglandin E2 activation of p38. Conversely, perturbation of receptor endocytosis led to spatiotemporal switching of thrombin signaling, reducing endosomal and cytosolic p38 activity and increasing nuclear activity. The data presented reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of p38 activity and provide critical insight into how atypical p38 signaling drives differential signaling responses through spatial sequestration of kinase activity.
Lattice-charge imbalance and redox catalysis over perovskite-type ferrite- and manganite-based mixed oxides as studied by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis DRS, and XPS
Authors: Mekhemer Gamal A. H. , Mohamed Hagar A. A. , Bumajdad Ali , Zaki Mohamed I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present investigation, two sets of pure and substituted ferrite- and manganite-based mixed oxides were prepared within the stoichiometric formula$$A_{1 - x} A^{\prime}_{x} B_{1 - x} B^{\prime}_{x} O_{3}$$

A

1
-
x

A
x
′

B

1
-
x

B
x
′

O
3

, where A = Bi or La, A′ = Sr, B = Fe or Mn, B′ = Co, x = 0 or 0.2, by calcination at 700 °C (for 1 h) of corresponding metal citrate xerogels. Materials thus obtained were examined for bulk and surface characteristics using X-ray diffractometry, ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 sorptiometry. Their redox catalytic activity was evaluated towards a 2-propanol dehydrogenation reaction in the gas phase by employing in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results obtained could help reveal that (1) the presence of Bi (versus La) and Mn (versus Fe) facilitated the formation of polymeric crystalline phases assuming lattice-charge imbalance (due to excess positive charge), (2) the surface exposure of the excess positive charge was manifested in the generation of Mn sites having various oxidation states ≥ 3+, (3) the consequent development of visible light absorptions at 498–555 nm suggested occurrence of electron double-exchange facilitated by the formation of Mnn+–O2−–Mn(n+1)+ Zener-type linkages, and (4) the exposure of such linkages at the surface warrants the establishment of the electron-mobile environment necessitated by the redox catalytic activity. Moreover, the relationship between the alcohol dehydrogenation activity and the magnitude of the lattice-charge imbalance (i.e., the net excess positive charge) of the catalysts was highlighted.