bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered single-subject gray matter structural networks in social anxiety disorder
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Xun , Zhang Xun , Cao Hengyi , Gong Qiyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious fMRI studies have reported more random brain functional graph configurations in social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, it is still unclear whether the same configurations would occur in gray matter (GM) graphs. Structural MRI was performed on 49 patients with SAD and on 51 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). Single-subject GM networks were obtained based on the areal similarities of GM, and network topological properties were analyzed using graph theory. Group differences in each topological metric were compared, and the structure–function coupling was examined. These network measures were further correlated with the clinical characteristics in the SAD group. Compared with controls, the SAD patients demonstrated globally decreased clustering coefficient and characteristic path length. Altered topological properties were found in the fronto-limbic and sensory processing systems. Altered metrics were associated with the illness duration of SAD. Compared with the HC group, the SAD group exhibited significantly decreased structural–functional decoupling. Furthermore, structural–functional decoupling was negatively correlated with the symptom severity in SAD. These findings highlight less-optimized topological configuration of the brain structural networks in SAD, which may provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the excessive fear and avoidance of social interactions in SAD.
Effects of paternal methionine supplementation on sperm DNA methylation and embryo transcriptome in sheep
Authors: Townsend Jessica , Braz Camila U , Taylor Todd , Khatib Hasan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnvironmental effects on gene expression and offspring development can be mediated by epigenetic modifications. It is well established that maternal diet influences DNA methylation patterns and phenotypes in the offspring; however, the epigenetic effects of paternal diet on developing offspring warrants further investigation. Here, we examined how a prepubertal methionine-enriched paternal diet affected sperm DNA methylation and its subsequent effects on embryo gene expression. Three treatment and three control rams were bred to seven ewes, and blastocysts were flushed for RNA extraction. Semen was collected from all rams and submitted for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing analysis. In total, 166 differentially methylated cytosines were identified in the sperm from treatment versus control rams. Nine genes were found to be differentially expressed in embryos produced from treatment versus control rams, and seven differentially methylated cytosines in the sperm were found to be highly correlated with gene expression in the embryos. Our results demonstrate that sperm methylation differences induced by diet may influence fetal programming.
Ventricular septal defect following port-access mechanical mitral valve replacement
Authors: Berk Thirza A , de Kroon Thomas L , Swaans Martin J , van Putte Bart P 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterventricular septum defects are a known complication after an aortic valve replacement, but not after mitral surgery. We present a case of a 65-year-old female who underwent unsuccessful mitral valvuloplasty through port-access surgery, followed by uneventful mechanical bioprosthesis replacement. Postoperatively, the patient experienced multiple arrhythmias and recovered poorly. A systolic murmur led to echocardiography, showing an interventricular septum rupture. This was closed with 2 polypropylene pledgeted mattress sutures, via the right atrium and tricuspid valve through midsternal access. The authors believe that the most likely cause is tearing of 2 deeply placed adjacent sutures in the septum, creating localized weakening of the septum susceptible to further rupture. We therefore underline the importance of adequate exposure, especially at the notorious anterior annulus.
Remnant cholesterol in patients admitted for acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Cordero Alberto , Alvarez-Alvarez Belén , Escribano David , García-Acuña José Mª , Cid-Alvarez Belén , Rodríguez-Mañero Moisés , Quintanilla Mª Amparo , Agra-Bermejo Rosa , Zuazola Pilar , González-Juanatey José R 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRemnant cholesterol has been identified as one of leading lipid values associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease. There is scarce evidence on its distribution and prognostic value in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.Methods and resultsWe included all consecutive patients admitted for ACS in two different centres. Remnant cholesterol was calculated by the equation: total cholesterol minus LDL cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol, and values ≥30 were considered high. Among the 7479 patients, median remnant cholesterol level was 28 mg/dL (21–39), and 3429 (45.85%) patients had levels ≥30 mg/dL. Age (r: −0.29) and body mass index (r: 0.44) were the variables more strongly correlated. At any given age, patients with overweigh or obesity had higher levels. In-hospital mortality was 3.75% (280 patients). Remnant cholesterol was not associated to higher in-hospital mortality risk (odds ratio: 0.89; P = 0.21). After discharge (median follow-up of 57 months), an independent and linear risk of all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) associated to cholesterol remnant levels was observed. Remnant cholesterol levels &gt;60 mg/dL were associated to higher risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.49 95% CI 1.08–2.06; P = 0.016], cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.49 95% CI 1.08–2.06; P = 0.016), and HF re-admission (sub-HR: 1.55 95% CI 1.14–2.11; P = 0.005).ConclusionsElevated remnant cholesterol is highly prevalent in patients admitted for ACS and is inversely correlated with age and positively with body mass index. Remnant cholesterol levels were not associated to higher in-hospital mortality risk, but they were associated with higher long-term risk of mortality and HF.
A novel narnavirus is widespread in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and impacts multiple host phenotypes
Authors: Vijayraghavan Sriram , Kozmin Stanislav G , Xi Wen , McCusker John H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
RNA viruses are a widespread, biologically diverse group that includes the narnaviridiae, a family of unencapsidated RNA viruses containing a single ORF that encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the 20S and 23S RNA viruses are well-studied members of the narnaviridiae, which are present at low intracellular copy numbers, unless induced by stress or unfavorable growth conditions, and are not known to affect host fitness. In this study, we describe a new S. cerevisiae narnavirus that we designate as N1199. We show that N1199 is uniquely present as a double-stranded RNA at a high level relative to other known members of this family in 1 strain background, YJM1199, and is present as a single-stranded RNA at lower levels in 98 of the remaining 100-genomes strains. Furthermore, we see a strong association between the presence of high level N1199 and host phenotype defects, including greatly reduced sporulation efficiency and growth on multiple carbon sources. Finally, we describe associations between N1199 abundance and host phenotype defects, including autophagy.
H2S-mediated balance regulation of stomatal and non-stomatal factors responding to drought stress in Chinese cabbage
Authors: Zhang Wenze , Wang Lei , Zhang Liping , Kong Xiangqun , Zhang Jiao , Wang Xin , Pei Yanxi , Jin Zhuping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreased evidence has shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gasotransmitter, could enhance drought resistance in plants by inducing stomatal closure, with concurrent enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency, but little is known about the mechanism behind this contradictory phenomenon. This study examined the regulating mechanism of H2S in response to drought stress from stomatal and non-stomatal factors in Chinese cabbage. The results showed that exogenous H2S could increase the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and alleviate the damage caused by drought stress. It also regulated the expression in transcriptional level and the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (BrRuBisCO) under drought stress. The large subunit of BrRuBisCO was found to be modified by S-sulfhydration, which might be the reason for its increased enzyme activity. The fluxes of Cl−, K+, and H+ in the guard cells were detected by non-invasive micro-test techniques while under drought stress. The results indicated that H2S signaling induced a transmembrane Cl− and H+ efflux and inhibited K+ influx, and the Cl− channel was the main responders for H2S-regulated stomatal movement. In conclusion, H2S signal not only activated the ion channel proteins located in the guard cell membrane to induce stomatal closure, but also regulated the transcriptional expression and the activity of RuBisCO, a non-stomatal factor to enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. There is therefore a beneficial balance between the regulation of H2S signaling on stomatal factors and non-stomatal factors due to drought stress, which needs to be better understood to apply it practically to increase crop yields.
Dietary medium-chain fatty acid and Bacillus in combination alleviate weaning stress of piglets by regulating intestinal microbiota and barrier function
Authors: Jiao Shuai , Zheng Zhenhua , Zhuang Yimin , Tang Chuanlan , Zhang Naifeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of dietary medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) and Bacillus on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, colonic fermentation, and microbiota of weaning piglets. A total of 400 weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments, with 10 replicates per treatment and 10 pigs per replicate. The treatment included: basal diet (control, CON), basal diet with 0.588 g/kg MCFA (MCF), basal diet with 1.3 × 109 CFU/kg Bacillus (BAC), and basal diet with 0.588 g/kg MCFA and 1.3 × 109 CFU/kg Bacillus (SYN). Compared with CON group, the average daily gain of MCF and SYN in the early (1 to 9 d) and whole stage (1 to 36 d) of trail were improved (P &lt; 0.05), the feed to gain ratio of MCF in later (10 to 36 d) and whole stage of trial were decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and the diarrhea rate of SYN in the early stage (1 to 9 d) of trial decreased (P &lt; 0.05). The digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, acid detergent fiber digestibility of MCF were decreased (P &lt; 0.05) compared with CON. The serum d-lactic acid in MCF, BAC, and SYN were lower (P &lt; 0.05) compared with CON group. Compared with CON group, the contents of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were greater (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the content of malondialdehyde and the contents of colonic isobutyrate and isovalerate were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in MCF. The microbial Shannon and Simpson diversity was lower in MCF (P &lt; 0.05) than that in BAC and SYN. The relative abundance of Prevotella was greater (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the Treponema and Oscillibacter were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in MCF than that in BAC and SYN. In addition, the metabolic pathways of bacteria such as pentose phosphate pathway, adenosine nucleotides degradation II were enhanced (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the pathways such as incomplete reductive TCA cycle, and TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase) were decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in MCF compared with BAC. The results indicated that dietary MCFA and Bacillus in combination improved the intestinal barrier function of piglets by changing the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic function, and finally alleviated the diarrhea rate in early weaning stage and improved growth performance in whole trial period. In addition, MCFA was effective in improving feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity of piglets.
Commuting time and the gender gap in labor market participation
Authors: Farré Lídia , Jofre-Monseny Jordi , Torrecillas Juan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the contribution of increasing travel times to the persistent gender gap in labor market participation. In doing so, we estimate the effect of commuting times on the labor supply of men and women in the USA using microdata from the censuses of the last two decades. To address endogeneity concerns, we adopt an instrumental variables approach that exploits the shape of cities as an exogenous source of variation for travel times. Our estimates indicate that a 10-min increase in commuting time decreases the probability of married women participating in the labor market by 4.4 percentage points. In contrast, the estimated effect on men is small and statistically insignificant. When exploring potential mechanisms behind the gender asymmetry in our results, we do not find evidence that differences in labor market productivity within couples contribute to the larger penalty of commuting times on women. However, we do find that the negative effect on women increases with the number of children and is larger among those originating from countries with more gendered social norms. Based on this evidence, we conclude that in a context of increasing commuting costs the presence of gender norms that attribute to women the role of main caregivers may prevent gender convergence.
Ommochrome Wing Pigments in the Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Forman Kyri A , Thulin Craig D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use bright orange coloration to warn off predators as well as for sexual selection. Surprisingly the underlying pigment compounds have not been previously characterized. We used LCMS and fragmentation MS (including MSMS and MSn) of extracted pigments from nonmigratory summer-generation female monarch forewings to identify and provide relative quantitation of various orange pigments from D. plexippus. We observed seven ommochrome pigments, with xanthommatin and decarboxylated xanthommatin being the most abundant followed by xanthommatin methyl ester. Among the seven pigments, we also observed molecules that correspond to deaminated forms of these three amine-containing pigments. To the best of our knowledge, these deaminated compounds have not been previously discovered. A seventh pigment that we observed was α-hydroxyxanthommatin methyl ester, previously described in other nymphalid butterflies. We also show that chemical reduction of pigment extracts results in a change of their color from yellow to red, concomitant with the appearance of dihydro-xanthommatin and similarly reduced forms of the other pigment compounds. These findings indicate that monarchs may employ differences in the redox states of these pigments in order to achieve different hues of orange.
“Accompanied Only by My Thoughts”: A Kantian Perspective on Autonomy at the End of Life
Authors: Elsner Anna Magdalena , Rampton Vanessa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWithin bioethics, Kant’s conception of autonomy is often portrayed as excessively rationalistic, abstract, and individualistic, and, therefore, far removed from the reality of patients’ needs. Drawing on recent contributions in Kantian philosophy, we argue that specific features of Kantian autonomy remain relevant for medical ethics and for patient experience. We use contemporary end-of-life illness narratives—a resource that has not been analyzed with respect to autonomy—and show how they illustrate important Kantian themes, namely, the duty to know oneself, the interest in elaborating universalizable principles, and the emphasis on ideals as points of orientation that guide behavior without ever being fully realized. As Kant does, the patient-authors discussed here perceive the end of life as a moment to reflect on the constitutive principles which have governed that life, thereby offering a privileged moment to pursue self-knowledge. We argue that bioethical conceptions of autonomy stand to gain if they revise their conception of Kantian moral philosophy as too formal, abstract, and detached from emotions and personal relationships to be helpfully applied.
The endosome as an effector target to mediate plant immunity?
Authors: Reilly Aisling , Feechan Angela 
Published: December 2022

This article comments on:Liao W, Nielsen ME, Pedersen C, Xie W, Thordal-Christensen H. 2023. Barley endosomal MONENSIN SENSITIVITY1 is a target of the powdery mildew effector CSEP0162 and plays a role in plant immunity. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 118–129.
Mass Poisoning From Ethylene Glycol at a U.S. Military Base
Authors: Shah Nina , Khayat Maurice , Owshalimpur David , Banda Michelle , Munoz Jesus , White William C , Forster Benjamin M , Petteys Sarah K , Sullivan Scott B , Watson Maura , King Joshua D 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Ethylene glycol (EG) toxicity is an important cause of toxic alcohol poisoning in the USA with over 5,000 exposures reported annually. While classically characterized by solitary accidental or intentional ingestions, mass toxic alcohol poisoning outbreaks and more rarely collective consumptions (typically of methanol) have been described. We describe an ethylene glycol poisoning from collective ingestion that involved soldiers presenting at William Beaumont Army Medical Center in El Paso, Texas. Eleven soldiers presented to the emergency department over a 12-h period after ingestion of an unknown substance. The first two patients exhibited severe neurologic symptoms, while the remainder were asymptomatic. As serum EG levels were not immediately available, treatment decisions were based on surrogate laboratory values. Two patients received immediate hemodialysis, and fomepizole (FOM) because of severe acidosis with elevated anion and osmolal gaps. These patients developed acute kidney injury with renal recovery within a 3-week period. Two patients with elevated lactate received bicarbonate-based intravenous (IV) fluids and FOM. Two patients received IV fluids only and required prolonged observation for worsening acidosis and/or acute kidney injury. Five patients with normal laboratory values were treated with IV fluids and observation. All patients received cofactors including thiamine and pyridoxine. All patients survived. The outbreak occurred in the setting of limited dialysis resources, limited FOM availability, and in a resource-limited community. Additional guidelines are needed to determine allocation of limited resources, optimal dialysis and FOM treatment course, and comorbid conditions, which may prolong recovery.
Parietal composition of Lichtheimia corymbifera: Differences between spore and germ tube stages and host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Lecointe Karine , Coulon Pauline , Krzewinski Frédéric , Charlet Rogatien , Bortolus Clovis , Sendid Boualem , Cornu Marjorie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The molecular composition and structural organization of the cell wall of filamentous fungi underlie the ability of the host to identify them as pathogens. Although the organization of the fungal cell wall, composed of 90% polysaccharides, is similar from one fungus to another, small variations condition their ability to trigger pattern recognition receptors. Because the incidence of mucormycosis, an emerging life-threatening infection caused by the species of the order Mucorales is increasing worldwide, the precise composition of the cell wall of two strains of Lichtheimia corymbifera was investigated in the early growth stages of germination (spores and germ-tubes) using trimethylsilylation and confocal microscopy. This study also characterizes the response of THP-1 cells to Mucorales. The study identified the presence of uncommon monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, and glucuronic acid) whose respective proportions vary according to the germination stage, revealing early parietal reorganization. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the exposure of β-glucan on the surface of swollen spores and germ-tubes. Both spores and germ-tubes of L. corymbifera promoted an early and strong pro-inflammatory response, through TLR-2. Our results show the singularity of the cell wall of the order Mucorales, opening perspectives for the development of specific diagnostic biomarkers.
Interpretation of radio afterglows in the framework of the standard fireball and energy injection models
Authors: Levine D , Dainotti M , Fraija N , Warren D , Chandra P , Lloyd-Ronning N 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are panchromatic, highly energetic transients whose energy emission mechanism is still debated. One of the possible explanations is the standard fireball model, which can be tested with the closure relations (CRs), or relations between the temporal and spectral indices of a GRB. To test these, we compile an extensive sample of radio afterglow light curves (LCs) that span from 1997 to 2020, the most comprehensive analysis of GRBs with radio observations to date. We fit 202 LCs from 82 distinct GRBs with a broken power law, obtaining a sample of 26 that display a clear break and a sub-sample of 14 GRBs that present a radio plateau. We test these samples against CRs corresponding to a constant-density interstellar medium (ISM) or a stellar wind medium in both fast- and slow-cooling regimes, as well as three additional density profiles, k = 1, 1.5, 2.5, following n ∝r−k, and consider sets of CRs both with and without energy injection. We find that 12 of the 26 GRBs (46 per cent), of which 7/12 present a radio plateau, fulfill at least one CR in the sets tested, suggesting our data are largely incompatible with the standard fireball model. Of the fulfilled CRs, the most preferred environment is the ISM, SC, νm &lt; ν &lt; νc without energy injection. Our results are consistent with previous studies that test the standard fireball model via the CRs in radio.
The Chlamydomonas Genome Project, version 6: Reference assemblies for mating-type plus and minus strains reveal extensive structural mutation in the laboratory
Authors: Craig Rory J , Gallaher Sean D , Shu Shengqiang , Salomé Patrice A , Jenkins Jerry W , Blaby-Haas Crysten E , Purvine Samuel O , O’Donnell Samuel , Barry Kerrie , Grimwood Jane , Strenkert Daniela , Kropat Janette , Daum Chris , Yoshinaga Yuko , Goodstein David M , Vallon Olivier , Schmutz Jeremy , Merchant Sabeeha S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Five versions of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reference genome have been produced over the last two decades. Here we present version 6, bringing significant advances in assembly quality and structural annotations. PacBio-based chromosome-level assemblies for two laboratory strains, CC-503 and CC-4532, provide resources for the plus and minus mating-type alleles. We corrected major misassemblies in previous versions and validated our assemblies via linkage analyses. Contiguity increased over ten-fold and &gt;80% of filled gaps are within genes. We used Iso-Seq and deep RNA-seq datasets to improve structural annotations, and updated gene symbols and textual annotation of functionally characterized genes via extensive manual curation. We discovered that the cell wall-less classical reference strain CC-503 exhibits genomic instability potentially caused by deletion of the helicase RECQ3, with major structural mutations identified that affect &gt;100 genes. We therefore present the CC-4532 assembly as the primary reference, although this strain also carries unique structural mutations and is experiencing rapid proliferation of a Gypsy retrotransposon. We expect all laboratory strains to harbor gene-disrupting mutations, which should be considered when interpreting and comparing experimental results. Collectively, the resources presented here herald a new era of Chlamydomonas genomics and will provide the foundation for continued research in this important reference organism.