bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperaturen in Holz‐Beton‐Verbundkonstruktionen im Brandfall – Versuch und Simulation
Authors: Peifer Philipp , Brinnel Fabian , Thiele Catherina , Lorenz Dirk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeben tabellarischen und vereinfachten Nachweismethoden kommen bei der brandschutztechnischen Bemessung auch zunehmend allgemeine Rechenverfahren zum Einsatz. Letztere zeichnen sich durch eine große Flexibilität der untersuchten Bauteile aus und ermöglichen eine wirklichkeitsnahe Berechnung brandbeanspruchter Tragwerke. Sie stellen deshalb eine Alternative zu kostenintensiven Brandversuchen dar. Die Berechnungen erfolgen i. d. R. mithilfe einer Finite‐Elemente‐Software als thermische oder mechanische Simulationen. Mit thermischen Simulationen können Bauteiltemperaturen unter Brandbeanspruchung für beliebige Querschnitte bestimmt werden. Die berechneten Temperaturen werden in hohem Maße von den zugrunde gelegten temperaturabhängigen Materialeigenschaften beeinflusst. Für Konstruktionen aus Beton und Holz stellen Eurocode 2 Teil 1‐2 und Eurocode 5 Teil 1‐2 thermische Materialmodelle zur Verfügung. Diese stellen für die jeweilige Bauweise den Stand der Technik dar. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob mit den thermischen Materialmodellen der Eurocodes auch Temperaturen in Verbundkonstruktionen aus Brettsperrholz und Beton realitätsnah abgebildet werden können. Dazu werden berechnete Bauteiltemperaturen mit Temperaturen aus experimentellen Untersuchungen verglichen. Neben materiellen Eingabeparametern können softwarespezifische Eingaben die Berechnungen beeinflussen. Hierzu wurde der Einfluss des numerischen Modells und der Simulationsrandbedingungen untersucht.
Wasserstoff‐Überspannung an Blei‐Einkristallen
Authors: Tordesillas Isabel Martin , Bicelli Luisa Peraldo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDie Wasserstoff‐Überspannung wurde an Blei (100), (110) und (111) sowie an polykhstallinem Blei bei drei Temperaturen in Überchlorsäure und Amidosulfonsäure bei jeweils zwei Konzentrationen bestimmt. Es wurde eine lineare Abhängigkeit der Überspannung vom Logarithmus der Stromdichte gefunden. Daneben wurden oft zwei solcher Geraden mit verschiedener Neigung im untersuchten Meßbereich beobachtet. Die Überspannungen für die einzelnen Orientierungen sind verschieden.
Die autokatalytische Natur der kathodischen Reduktion von Salpetersäure zu salpetriger Säure I. Zur Deutung stationärer strom‐Spannungs‐Kurven
Authors: Schmid Gerhard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAls Durchtrittsreaktion bei der kathodischen Reduktion von Salpetersäure zu salpetriger Säure wurde von Bonhoeffer und Mitarbeitern der Vorgang von Abelangenommen.Eine kritische Betrachtung ergibt, daß zwischen den beiden Annahmen auf Grund einer elektrochemschkinetischen Analyse zur Zeit nicht entschieden werden kann. Den Darlegungen von Vetter, die zugunsten der 1. Annahme zu sprechen schienen, kann nicht zugestimmt werden.Die Anwendung der Abelschen Kinetik führt zu folgenden beiden primären Elektrodenreaktionen, die nicht mehr weiter analysiert werden können:magnified imageIn der kathodischen Grenzschicht setzt alsdann die autokatalytische und verhältnismäßig langsame Rückbildung der ursprünglich an der Kathode verbrauchten HNO2aus NO und HNO3ein. Diese, der eigentlichen Elektrodenreaktion nachgelagerte chemische Rückbildung der salpetrigen Säure unter Verbrauch von Salpetersäure beeinflußt den primär durch die Diffusion der salpetrigen Säure gesteuerten kathodischen Grenzstrom in schwer zu übersehender Weise.Die bisherigen Versuche lassen vermuten, daß die Abelsche Reaktionskinetik den Kern der Deutung trifft. Um jedoch genauere Aufschlüsse über den autokatalytischen Charakter der kathodischen Salpetersäurereduktion zu bekommen, sind stationäre Strom‐Spannungs‐Kurven an gerührten Elektrolyten, wie sic bisher ausschließlich aufgenommen worden sind, kein sehr geeignetes Hilfsmittel. Über neue Versuche zum Studium des Einschaltvorganges in nichtgerührten Elektrolyten soll in einigen folgenden Mitteilungen berichtet werden.
Untersuchungen an Detonations‐ und Stoßwellenfronten mit Hilfe von Mikrowellen
Authors: Koch B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDie bei Detonationen in festen Sprengstoffen oder explosiven Gasgemischen auftretenden Reaktionsfronten verursachen ebenso wie die in verdünnten Gasen mechanisch erzeugten Stoßwellenfronten infolge ihrer temperaturbedingten Leitfähigkeit meßbare Absorptions‐ und Reflexionseffekte an Mikrowellen, die auf die Reaktionszone entweder senkrecht zur Front oder transversal zu deren Ausbreitungsrichtung auftreffen. Es ist auf diese Weise zunächst möglich, den Geschwindigkeitsablauf solcher Vorgänge mit einer räumlichen Auflösung in der Größenordnung der halben Wellenlänge der Meßstrahlung und im allgemeinen guter Meßgenauigkeit zu verfolgen, ohne daß experimentelle Vorkehrungen an den Versuchsstrecken getroffen werden müssen, die unter Umständen einen Einfluß auf den Vorgang besitzen. An Hand des zeitlichen Ablaufs und der Größe der Mikrowellenabsorption ergeben sich ferner Hinweise auf die Ionisationsmechanismen (u.a. die Elektronenstoßfrequenzen) sowie auf das Gleichgewicht mit den bekannten oder anderweitig gemessenen kinetischen Gastemperaturen. Es werden Ergebnisse einiger typischer Meßbeispiele erörtert sowie Hinweise für die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Verfahrens auf die Untersuchung von Stoßwellenvorgängen in nichtleitenden Festkörpern gegeben.
Untersuchungen mit Lasern
Authors: Schäfer F. P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEs wird zunächst ein Überblick über die atomaren und molekularen Systeme gegeben, die in den heute wichtigsten Lasern verwendet werden, wobei die Eigenschaften der Farbstofflaser näher erörtert werden. Es wird dann das reversible Ausbleichen der Absorption in Farbstofflösungen und die Anwendung dieses Effekts zur Erzeugung von Riesenimpulsen erläutert und auf die Absorption in höher angeregte Zustände eingegangen. Eine Weiterentwicklung dieses Verfahrens führte zur Erzeugung von ultrakurzen (10−10bis 10−12sec) Lichtimpulsen, deren Zustandekommen, Messung und Anwendung zur Bestimmung von molekularen Relaxationszeiten ausführlicher behandelt wird.
Investigating the risk factors of penile arterial insufficiency and veno‐occlusive dysfunction in patients with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Habous Mohamad , Khattak Ahmed , Farag Mohammed , Binsaleh Saleh , Ralph David , Aziz Mohammed , Bettocchi Carlo , Muir Gordon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for penile arterial insufficiency (PAI), which is a known cause of erectile dysfunction (ED).MethodsPatients who attended our urology clinic complaining of ED for more than 6 months were prospectively enrolled in this study over 1‐year period. Patient consent was taken and ethical committee approval. Complete medical history and thorough general and local examination including body mass index (BMI), Peyronie's disease (PD) and penile size measurements (length and girth) were done for all of them. Laboratory tests included testosterone, lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin (HA1c). A penile duplex ultrasound study (PDU) was done for all patients after intracavernosal injection (ICI) with alprostadil. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured after 15 min. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS.ResultsA total of 440 patients were enrolled in this analysis. The mean age was 48(23–81), and the mean BMI was 30 (18–51). Older patients had lower PSV (r = −0.361, P = 0.000) and higher EDV (r = 0.174, P = 0.001), and both correlations were highly statistically significant. Diabetics had lower PSV (r = −0.318, P = 0.000) and higher EDV (r = 0.139, P = 0.008), which were also highly statistically significant. Smokers had lower PSV (r = −0.140, P = 0.008) and higher EDV (r = 0.178, P = 0.001), which were highly statistically significant. Men with larger penises measured skin to tip had lower EDV (r = −0.119, P = 0.024), which was less significant. Interestingly, there was neither a significant correlation between BMI and PSV (0.16, P = 0.745) nor a significant correlation between testosterone and PSV (0.029, P = 0.552). Also, there was no correlation between PSV and both dyslipidaemia and penile PD.ConclusionsAgeing, tobacco consumption, DM and hypertension seem to have a negative impact on penile haemodynamics, which was statistically significant. In our patients, there was no statistically significant effect on penile haemodynamics in patients with increased BMI, low testosterone or PD or according to the size of the penis.
Examining sustainable supply chain management via a social‐symbolic work lens: Lessons from Patagonia
Authors: Shourkaei Mojtaba M. , Taylor Kelsey M. , Dyck Bruno 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPatagonia, Inc. is widely recognized as a leading brand in sustainable supply chain management in the garment industry, an industry known for its sustainability shortcomings. This study examines Patagonia's supply chain practices through a social‐symbolic work lens. It describes the intentional material work related to Patagonia's inputs, throughputs, and outputs, and also its complementary relational and discursive work. We argue that Patagonia's relational and discursive work are crucial to understanding how Patagonia (a) pursues sustainable supply chain practices, (b) influences its stakeholders to support sustainability, and (c) has positive spillover effects beyond its primary stakeholders. Incorporating a social‐symbolic work lens draws attention to important theoretical and managerial insights—in particular, the need for a holistic rather than reductionist approach and the merit in creating self‐reinforcing positive feedback loops—which are prone to be overlooked in conventional studies of sustainable supply chain management.
Matcha‐silver nanoparticles reduce gamma radiation‐induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by activating SIRT1 and NLRP‐3 signaling pathways in the Wistar rat spleen
Authors: Hamed Noha Sayed , Taha Eman F. S. , Khateeb Sahar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles has drawn significant attention. The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ that is adversely impacted during irradiation. The current study was designated to evaluate the possible anti‐inflammatory effect of matcha‐silver nanoparticles (M‐AgNPs) to reduce inflammation associated with γ‐radiation induced‐oxidative stress and inflammation in rats' spleen. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by biogenic synthesis using a green sonochemical method from matcha (M) green tea. The obtained M‐AgNPs were extensively characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Using zetasizer analysis, the surface charge, particle size, and radical scavenging DPPH assay of M‐AgNPs were also examined. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were analyzed by MTT assay, and the IC50 was calculated. Four groups of 24 Wistar rats each had an equal number of animals. The next step involved measuring the levels of oxidative stress markers in the rat splenic tissue. Additionally, the amounts of inflammatory protein expression were evaluated using the ELISA analysis. The results indicated the formation of spherical nanoparticles of pure Ag° coated with matcha polyphenols at the nanoscale, as well as uniform monodisperse particles suited for cellular absorption. Results revealed that M‐AgNPs improved all biochemical parameters. Furthermore, M‐AgNPs relieve inflammation by reducing the expression of NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and enhancing the levels of ileSnt information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Histopathological examinations demonstrated the ability of M‐AgNPs to overcome the damage consequent to irradiation and recover the spleen's cellular structure. These results confirmed that matcha is a potential biomaterial for synthesizing AgNPs, which can be exploited for their anti‐inflammatory activity.
COVID‐19: Medical Waste Management, Impact on Sustainable Development Goals, and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Olabi Abdul Ghani , Shehata Nabila , Obaideen Khaled , Sayed Enas Taha , Mahmoud Montaser , AlMallahi Maryam Nooman , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis comprehensive review examines various methods of treating medical waste in the context of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). A bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 on medical waste, which showed a notable increase in publications in recent years. Findings indicate that thermal treatment with energy recovery, including pyrolysis, gasification, oxidation, and plasma gasification, is the most effective approach for managing medical waste. However, research on the impacts of medical waste on SDGs is insufficient, warranting further investigations to better understand the intersections between medical waste management and the SDGs. The need for international cooperation and collaboration in addressing medical waste management challenges, especially during crises, is highlighted. Understanding the links between medical waste management and the SDGs is crucial in developing sustainable solutions aligned with the global sustainability agenda. Further research and international collaboration are needed to address the challenges associated with medical waste management and contribute to the achievement of the SDGs.
Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces
Authors: Adhikari Rajan , Brox Jan , Massicot Stephen , Ruppel Michael , Jux Norbert , Marbach Hubertus , Steinrück Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Dr. Hans‐Peter Steinrück and Prof. Dr. Norbert Jux at the Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg. The image shows a mixture of six 2H‐tetrakis‐(3, 5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐phenyl)(x)benzoporphyrins (2H‐diTTBP(x)BPs, x = 0, 1, 2‐cis, 2‐trans, 3, or 4) molecules forming a porous square structure on Ag(111) as observed in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300355.
Sensorless model predictive control based on I‐f integrated sliding mode observer for surface permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Liu Pu , Cui Yibo , Wang Cong , Liang Yan , Chang Zhongting , Han Kun , Shen Siyuan , Zuo Guangjie 
Published: September 2023

SummaryDue to the limited fast dynamic response of the dual proportional‐integral (PI) control strategy in sensorless speed control, a novel composite control strategy is proposed for sensorless control of the full speed range of the surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor. This strategy combines dual closed‐loop model predictive control (MPC) with a sliding mode observer (SMO) and a constant current‐frequency ratio (I‐f). The I‐f control scheme is employed in the low‐speed range, while the SMO is utilized for motor speed and rotor position estimation in the medium and high‐speed ranges, enabling the dual‐loop MPC. Furthermore, a new smooth switching method is proposed for transitioning between the two control methods. In addition, the MPC outer loop parameters were thoroughly analyzed and optimized for better dynamic performance of sensorless control. The steady‐state performance of this control strategy is compared to PI control and improved the dynamic responsiveness of the system. Experiments have verified the feasibility of this strategy. Under the control of the MPC outer loop, the steady‐state speed fluctuation of the motor is within 10 r/min. Compared to PI control, the motor settling time was reduced by 17% and 60% during the start‐up phase and after a sudden speed change, respectively.
A new floor function single‐carrier‐based modulated model predictive current control technique for single‐phase PUC5 inverter topology
Authors: Bhanuchandar Aratipamula , Murthy Bhagwan K. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIn this paper, a new floor function (F2) single‐carrier (SC)‐based modulated model predictive current control technique (M2PC2T) has been proposed by considering the conventional single‐phase five‐level packed U‐cell (PUC5) inverter topology. Generally, to regulate the output current, the finite control set‐based MPC technique without a modulator inherently operates with variable switching frequency, and it is unsuitable for industrial applications. To alleviate this, authors have implemented M2PC2T, which provides constant switching frequency of operation. In this technique, generally, the predictive algorithm has been integrated with any modulation stage. However, while the implementation of pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, most authors have used conventional PWM techniques which further increases the control complexity as the level number increases. In this manuscript, a simple and generalized F2‐SC‐PWM technique has been proposed and integrated with the predictive algorithm. This PWM technique implementation process is very simple as compared with all conventional PWM techniques since even if the level number increases, the number of modulating and carrier signals is always only one. Finally, the complete closed‐loop control technique is called a generalized F2‐SC‐M2PC2T which is suitable for all stiff direct current (dc) sources and switched capacitor‐type multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies. The proposed control technique (PCT) has been experimentally verified with different transient and steady‐state case studies by considering resistive‐inductive load.
Quantification of (9R)‐ and (9S)‐hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) via GC–MS in serum/plasma samples from drivers suspected of cannabis consumption and immunological detection of HHC and related substances in serum, urine, and saliva
Authors: Höfert Lisa , Becker Susen , Dreßler Jan , Baumann Sven 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe semisynthetic cannabinoid hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) is currently getting a lot of media attention because the legal status in many countries is not clearly specified. In this study, a GC–MS method for the quantification of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11‐hydroxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (11‐OH‐THC), and 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) was extended to (9R)‐ and (9S)‐HHC. The applicability was proven by serum/plasma samples from drivers suspected of cannabis consumption. Limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.15 and 0.25 ng/mL, respectively. Within‐run imprecision was <6.5% and between‐run imprecision was <10.0%. Inter‐injection stability, processed sample stability (3 days), freeze–thaw stability (three cycles), and storage stability (1 week room temperature; 1 month 4°C, −20°C) could be proven. Both HHC diastereomers could be detected in 17 (5.3%) out of 321 analyzed samples from traffic controls in Western Saxony. The mean ratio between (9R)‐ and (9S)‐HHC was 1.99 (CV = 14.6%). Quantification resulted in concentrations between <LLOQ and 35.35 ng/mL for (9R)‐HHC and <LLOQ and 21.76 ng/mL for (9S)‐HHC. Additionally, cross‐reactivities of HHC, 11‐hydroxy‐hexahydrocannabinol (11‐OH‐HHC), 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐hexahydrocannabinol (HHC‐COOH), hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHC‐P), hexahydrocannabinol acetate (HHC‐O), and tetrahydrocannabidiol (H4‐CBD) were evaluated in five immunological screening tests for serum, urine, and saliva. Urine test strips and ELISA tests for the detection in serum seem to be beneficial to detect HHC consumption in comparison with saliva tests. HHC analogs and H4‐CBD showed no cross‐reactivity with any of the tests.
A basic study of pretreatment method using antibody modified with glucose oxidase for pungent‐taste measurement of taste sensor
Authors: Hirayama Yuki , Onodera Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA polyclonal antibody against the analog of piperine, which is a typical pungent taste substance, was produced, and its binding ability to piperine was evaluated using a surface plasmon resonance sensor. The antibody was labeled with glucose oxidase (GOx), and the hydrogen ions produced by the enzymatic reaction were measured at a lipid polymer membrane electrode for sourness in a taste sensor. The results showed that piperine could be detected by that polyclonal antibody; the response of the sourness sensor increased in dependence on the GOx‐labeled antibody concentration when the GOx of GOx‐labeled antibody was reacted with glucose. Thus, it was shown that uncharged pungent compounds can be converted into hydrogen ions. Pungent taste can be measured by the taste sensor using GOx‐labeled antibodies, and GOx‐labeled antibodies can be used as a pretreatment.
Relationship between baseline electrocardiographic measurements and outcomes in patients with high‐risk heart failure: Insights from the VerICiguaT Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (VICTORIA) trial
Authors: Yogasundaram Haran , Zheng Yinggan , Ly Eric , Ezekowitz Justin , Ponikowski Piotr , Lam Carolyn S.P. , O'Connor Christopher , Blaustein Robert O. , Roessig Lothar , Temple Tracy , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Armstrong Paul W. , Sandhu Roopinder K. ,   for the VICTORIA Study Group
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsWhether electrocardiographic (ECG) measurements predict mortality in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is unknown.Methods and resultsWe studied 4880 patients from the Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (VICTORIA) trial with a baseline 12‐lead ECG. Associations between ECG measurements and mortality were estimated as hazard ratios (HR) and adjusted for the Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) risk score, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, and index event. Select interactions between ECG measurements, patient characteristics and mortality were examined. Over a median of 10.8 months, there were 824 cardiovascular (CV) deaths (214 sudden) and 1005 all‐cause deaths. Median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 60–76), 24% were women, median ejection fraction was 30% (IQR 23–35), 41% had New York Heart Association class III/IV, and median MAGGIC score was 24 (IQR 19–28). After multivariable adjustment, significant associations existed between heart rate (per 5 bpm: HR 1.02), QRS duration (per 10 ms: HR 1.02), absence of left ventricular hypertrophy (HR 0.64) and CV death, and similarly so with all‐cause death (HR 1.02; HR 1.02; HR 0.61, respectively). Contiguous pathologic Q waves were significantly associated with sudden death (HR 1.46), and right ventricular hypertrophy with all‐cause death (HR 1.44). The only sex‐based interaction observed was for pathologic Q waves on CV (men: HR 1.05; women: HR 1.64, pinteraction = 0.024) and all‐cause death (men: HR 0.99; women: HR 1.57; pinteraction = 0.010). Whereas sudden death doubled in females, it did not differ among males (male: HR 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–1.79; female: HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.23–5.06; pinteraction = 0.141).ConclusionRoutine ECG measurements provide additional prognostication of mortality in high‐risk HFrEF patients, particularly in women with contiguous pathologic Q waves.