bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation-Based Analysis and Design of Passive Back Exoskeleton for Squat Lifting
Authors: Sahu Neha , Ganesan Karthick , Gupta Abhishek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) that manual material handling laborers face as they lift heavy objects. To overcome the back pain problem, an assistive device (Exoskeleton) can be worn during lifting. Through musculoskeletal simulation, this work investigates how the passive back exoskeleton affects the spinal muscle forces and spinal joint reaction loads. Such simulation findings can provide insights to improve the back exoskeleton design further. For this purpose, the passive exoskeleton is modeled as a set of elastic elements (springs), and dynamic analysis for a lifting cycle is done during a squat lifting task. Musculoskeletal simulations were carried out in opensim software utilizing the open-source opensim lifting full-body (LFB) model. The model is modified by adding an external spring that provides assistive forces like a passive exoskeleton. During the whole lifting cycle, the erector spinae muscle is strained, so unloading the erector spinae muscle is the primary goal of most back support exoskeletons. This work aims to identify optimal spring configurations and design parameters for a passive back exoskeleton to aid in squat lifting by varying spring parameters and through a formulation of a multi-objective optimization problem. The optimized back exoskeleton is expected to reduce compressive, shear forces on the L5S1 joint and erector spinae muscle force during lifting.
An Efficient Statistical Inference Approach for Model Calibration Using Griddy Gibbs Sampling
Authors: Jay Wright Stephen , Stewart Hannah , Sharma Shishir , Redmond Laura , McMahan Christopher , Castanier Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Model calibration is a critical step in many fields to ensure that decisions are made based on models that best capture the behavior of the physical system. Typically, an estimation of the uncertainty of the model is also needed to aid decision makers and to assess risks. Traditional statistical methods have met this need but come at a high computational expense, and thus they may be impractical in industries that desire rapid innovation and decision-making. Optimization and machine learning (ML) approaches offer computationally efficient algorithms for model calibration but do not provide a quantification of model uncertainty. This work proposes a statistical inference approach for model calibration, leveraging griddy Gibbs sampling to efficiently and flexibly calibrate models and provide an estimation of the posterior distribution for the calibrated variables. Using this approach, decision makers would gain a sense of the model uncertainty so that risk can appropriately be accounted for in decisions based upon the model results. The model is benchmarked against traditional Bayesian inference using a piston thermal model with unknown backside heat transfer boundary conditions as the benchmark model. When a sufficient number of simulations and sensor data points are used, the griddy Gibbs calibration provided nearly identical calibrations and 95% credible intervals (CI) on the calibrated variables to the traditional Bayesian calibration at a fraction of the computation cost.
Optimization of High-Vapor Pressure Condensate Pipeline Commissioning Schemes in Large Uplift Environments
Authors: Liu Wu , Yang Xin’ an , Cao Xingbin , Xiong Lin , Liu Zongsheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A continuously undulating pipeline results in the accumulation of air at high points and liquid at low points during commissioning, hindering the process, and impacting oil product quality. Cavitation may occur at the crossover point, especially for high saturated vapor pressure oils, potentially causing water strikes and pipeline damage. This study focuses on the BZ pipeline, transporting high saturated vapor pressure condensate in a varied terrain. It proposes the “oil injection after water isolation section” commissioning method and develops 20 commissioning schemes based on site conditions. A multiphase flow simulation model investigates the effects of pipeline flowrate and water injection length on start pressure, high point liquid retention, crossover point pressure, low point liquid retention, and liquid accumulation time. A preferred commissioning scheme suggests a pipeline flowrate of 192 m3/h–240 m3/h and a water injection length of 133 km. Commissioning schematics and operation schedules are devised accordingly. Optimization shows that increasing pipeline flowrate reduces low point fluid accumulation time. For downhill pipeline sections, extending water injection length does not enhance liquid retention at crossover points or improve pipeline exhaust, risking high pressure at low points. During oil–water injection transitions, maintaining a high delivery rate minimizes pressure fluctuations due to density differences. Following this scheme, pig wear along the BZ pipeline was even, and crossover point 2# and valve chamber No. 10 showed good exhaust conditions. Optimizing key parameters and commissioning scheme formulation effectively guide BZ condensate pipeline commissioning, ensuring safety.
Silicate Glass Reinforced by Bi and B as Efficient Protective Materials Against Gamma Rays and Neutrons
Authors: Nasr El Din Hadeer M. , Saeed Aly , Salem Eman , El Shazly Raed. M. , Wahab Magda Abdel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growing role of nuclear radiation in various domains necessitated a continuous development in enhancing the efficiency of radiation shielding materials. Generally, a shield that can attenuate thermal and fast neutrons and gamma rays simultaneously is the most effective in various applications. Therefore, in this article, a host glass of sodium silicate (labelled as BSiBi0) was reinforced by 10, 20, 30, and 40 mol. % of each of Bi and B ions simultaneously (BSiBi1, BSiBi2, BSiBi3, and BSiBi4, respectively) to produce an integrated shield capable of attenuating thermal and fast neutrons and gamma rays. To check the attenuation ability of the proposed glasses, fast neutrons removal cross section ΣF, thermal neutrons total macroscopic cross section ΣTh, total mass attenuation coefficients μm, linear attenuation coefficients μ, mean free paths (MFP), half-value layers (HVL), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), effective electron densities (Neff), and buildup factors for energy absorption (EABF) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) were studied extensively. Compared to the host glass (BSiBi0), the attenuation of gamma rays in the BSiBi4 glass (40 mol. % of each of Bi2O3 and B2O3) improved by 3.9–92.5% in the studied energy range, which extended to 100 GeV. At the same time, its ability to attenuate the fast neutrons enhanced by 86.0%, and thermal neutrons by 1402.4%. Hence, the BSiBi4 glass, with a composition of 20SiO2-40B2O3-40Bi2O3, was nominated as an efficient shield in relevant applications, such as hot cells, radiotherapy rooms, and the immobilization and disposal of radioactive wastes, due to its high attenuation ability for both neutrons and gamma rays.
Analytical solutions for Maxwell-scalar system on radially symmetric spacetimes
Authors: Andrade I. , Bazeia D. , Marques M. A. , Menezes R. , Olmo G. J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate Maxwell-scalar models on radially symmetric spacetimes in which the gauge and scalar fields are coupled via the electric permittivity. We find the conditions that allow for the presence of minimum energy configurations. In this formalism, the charge density must be written exclusively in terms of the components of the metric tensor and the scalar field is governed by first-order equations. We also find a manner to map the aforementioned equation into the corresponding one associated to kinks in (1, 1) spacetime dimensions, so we get analytical solutions for three specific spacetimes. We then calculate the energy density and show that the energy is finite. The stability of the solutions against contractions and dilations, following Derrick’s argument, and around small fluctuations in the fields is also investigated. In this direction, we show that the solutions obeying the first-order framework are stable.
Chaotic motion of particles in the spacetime of a Kerr black hole immersed in swirling universes
Authors: Cao Deshui , Zhang Lina , Chen Songbai , Pan Qiyuan , Jing Jiliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the motion of particles in the spacetime of a Kerr black hole immersed in swirling universes. Using the Poincaré section, fast Lyapunov exponent indicator, bifurcation diagram, and basins of attraction, we present the effects of the swirling parameter and the spin parameter on the dynamical behaviors of the motion of particles, and confirm the presence of chaos in the motion of particles in this background spacetime. We find that the swirling parameter can change the range of the spin parameter where the chaos occurs, and vice versa. Moreover, we observe clearly that, regardless of the spin parameter, there exist some self-similar fractal fine structures in the basins boundaries of attractors for the spacetime of a black hole immersed in swirling universes. The combination of the swirling parameter and the spin parameter provides richer physics in the motion of particles.
Examination of the cooling performance of the lithium-ion battery module created using phase change material at different discharge rates and different ambient temperatures
Authors: Torun Emre , Buyruk Ertan , Caner Mustafa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Batteries are one of the most important systems in electric vehicles. The performance of batteries varies depending on temperature, and high battery temperatures reduce battery efficiency and life. In recent years, intensive studies have been carried out on passive systems to prevent the battery module from heating, and many studies have been conducted especially on the use of phase change material (PCM). In this study, a novel battery module design created using PCM is tested by setting up experimental setups at both different discharge rates and different ambient temperatures, and the cooling performance of PCM is examined. As a result, it was found that the temperature increase in the PCM decreases during the melting process and the increase in the battery surface temperature varies according to the current value of the total heat generated in the battery. If the total heat generated in the battery increases, both the battery surface temperature and the temperature rise rate increase; if the total heat generated in the battery is constant or decreasing, the battery surface temperature increases but the temperature rise rate decreases.
Variations in the Terminal Branches of the Brachial Plexus in the Axillary Fossa
Authors: Bozhikova Elena , Novakov Stoyan , Petleshkova Tsvetanka , Harizanova Zdravka , Uzunov Nikolay 
Published: January 2025

Background: The brachial plexus is the primary nerve source for the upper limb. Variations in its anatomy can alter the nerve supply to the upper extremity. Such deviations are clinically important, as they can change the symptomatology of various pathologic conditions, leading to misdiagnosis, inadequate treatment, and surgical failures as a consequence.Materials and Methods: The upper limbs of 16 human cadavers (32 extremities) were dissected at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University–Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Eight cadavers were male and eight female, with age ranging 40–95 years (mean age: 72.63 years).Results: Three variations (18.8%) were identified unilaterally, exclusively in male cadavers; however, no statistically significant sex‐based distribution was observed. The first variation involved a communicating branch between the musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve. The second was a high bifurcation of the radial nerve in the axillary fossa into two divisions. The third one was a communicating branch between the axillary nerve and the radial nerve, forming a loop beneath the subscapular artery.Conclusion: Our study identified greater variability in the branches of the posterior cord compared to the existing literature. These variations must be taken under clinical consideration to prevent diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical errors.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effects of Almond (Prunus amygdalus) Green Skin Extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Authors: Keshavarz Fatemeh , Gharibi Shima , Poursina Farkhondeh , Fakhim Hamed 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Given the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and the therapeutic potential of plant extracts against various bacterial strains, this study aims to investigate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and combined antibiotic effects of lyophilized almond (Prunus amygdalus) green skin extract on both clinical and standard isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.Method: This study examined the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of almond green skin extract on standard strains of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and S. aureus (resistant ATCC 25923), along with 20 clinical isolates (10 of each strain). Iranian almond green skin was collected, dried, and prepared for extraction. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in the extract. A checkerboard assay was performed to evaluate the effects of combining antibiotics with the lyophilized almond green skin extract. The antibiofilm assay was conducted for each compound individually and in combination, at various concentrations. The MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxic effects of the lyophilized extract.Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for cefoxitin, meropenem, and the almond green skin extract were found to be 1–128 μg/μL, 0.25–32 μg/μL, and 8–16 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, checkerboard results for the extract combined with the antibiotic meropenem on clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa showed an additive effect in five isolates and a synergistic effect in another five. The highest biofilm inhibition rate of cefoxitin alone on MDR S. aureus isolates was observed at a concentration of 2xMIC (16 μg/mL), with 95% inhibition. MTT results indicated that the lowest cell viability (84%) occurred at a concentration of 64 μg/μL of cefoxitin with 0.512 mg/mL of the extract, while the highest cell viability (94%) was observed at 25 μg/μL of cefoxitin with 0.512 mg/mL of the extract.Conclusion: The combination of antibiotics with almond green skin extract enhances bactericidal and antibiofilm properties against clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
Navigating Rural Care Transitions: A Qualitative Study of Nursing Leaders’ Unit‐Focused Approaches
Authors: Winqvist Idun , Näppä Ulla , Häggström Marie 
Published: January 2025

Background: Leadership is vital for well‐coordinated healthcare and affects the quality of care and patient safety. Nursing leaders are crucial in creating appropriate structures and processes to enhance patient outcomes during care transitions in a rural context. Despite their importance to care transitions, there is limited research on nursing leaders’ perspectives in rural settings. This study explored nursing leaders’ concerns regarding the provision of quality care during transitions from hospital care to home healthcare in rural areas and their experiences in improving these processes.Methods: A qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory methodology was conducted. Twenty nursing leaders in hospital and rural municipal care in Sweden were interviewed. All were educated in social care or healthcare, most in nursing, and most had a master’s degree. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis.Results: Nursing leaders’ main concern about creating quality care in transitions was a lack of clearly defined, shared goals for a high-quality care transition. The core category explaining their approach was minding one’s unit by working within organizational unit borders. Three categories further explained this: (I) promoting nursing competence by recruiting and training nurses, emphasizing patient involvement, (II) ensuring continuous care flow by collaborating within one’s organization and clarifying rights and obligations, and (III) evaluating collaboration within each unit.Conclusions: Seamless care transitions are challenging when nursing leaders lack clear, mutually shared quality goals for care transitions. Implications for nursing management include improving collaborative routines, establishing common platforms, and integrating patient input throughout the process, as these measures are essential for enhancing interorganizational collaboration in rural care transitions.
Trapped in Time and Place
Authors: Olumba Ezenwa E. , Gola Alessandra , Mfon Lowe E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article adopts the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach to explore the phenomenon of cognitive immobility, where individuals remain cognitively trapped in experiences or locations despite elapsed time and physical distance from those events and places. It explores how (im)mobility and life transitions hold people in the past. The study focuses on the cognitive experiences of Mrs Eve, an African-American woman who on her first visit to Dakar, Senegal, felt a deep, unexplained connection to the place. The article triangulates Mrs Eve’s experiences against those shared by other individuals in previously published peer-reviewed narratives to reveal how (im)mobility and life transitions can lead to cognitive immobility. It underscores that traumatic or memorable life experiences can result in cognitive immobility under certain circumstances and thus enriches the discourse on people who are cognitively trapped in their past.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes Following Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation for Lateral Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Kim Sung-Hoo , Cho Byung-Ki , Choi Seung-Myung , Kim Sun-Ho 
Published: January 2025

Background: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is an option to treat large osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs), accompanying subchondral cyst, and previous unsuccessful bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures. Although there is extensive literature on the outcomes of surgical interventions for medial osteochondral lesions, research focusing on lateral lesions remains limited. This article presents the intermediate-term clinical and radiologic outcomes following AOT for lateral OLTs. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with lateral OLTs were followed up for a minimum of 3 years after AOT. Clinical evaluations included the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Radiographic assessments evaluated articular surface (subchondral plate) irregularity, progression of degenerative arthritis, and changes in talar tilt and anterior talar translation. The quality of osteochondral graft was evaluated using the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score. Results: The average FAOS and FAAM scores significantly increased from 39.6 to 91.2 and from 37.8 to 89.8 points, respectively, at the final follow-up ( P < .001). Radiologic assessments revealed 2 patients (7.1%) with articular step-off ≥2 mm and 1 patient (3.6%) with progressive arthritis. The average MOCART score reached 92.8 points. Postoperative complications included 2 patients with wound problems, 1 with a superficial peroneal nerve injury, and 1 with donor site morbidity. The rate of return to preinjury level of sports activity was 82.1%. At a mean follow-up of 68.5 months, no patient required reoperation for OLT or recurrent ankle instability. Conclusion: AOT for lateral OLTs demonstrated favorable intermediate-term clinical and radiologic outcomes. Most lateral OLTs were accessible via lateral ankle ligament division and capsulotomy, with minimal occurrence of iatrogenic complications such as recurrent ankle instability. AOT appears to be an effective surgical option for patients with large lateral osteochondral lesions unresponsive to conservative treatment, large subchondral cysts, and prior unsuccessful BMS procedures.
Early Postoperative Outcomes of Surgical Fixation of Proximal Phalanx Fractures With Intramedullary Nails Versus Kirschner Wires
Authors: Schmidt Gregory J. , Dent Craig , Nguyen Andy , Nydick Jason 
Published: January 2025

Background: Kirschner wire (K-wire) and intramedullary (IM) screw fixation are accepted techniques for treatment of unstable proximal phalanx fractures, but comparative reports are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate early clinical outcomes following treatment with K-wire or IM fixation. Methods: A retrospective review of all proximal phalanx fractures treated surgically at a single center by multiple surgeons was performed from May 1, 2019 to March 1, 2024. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients above 18 years of age with transverse or short-oblique proximal phalanx fractures, without associated soft-tissue injury or involvement of multiple digits, who were treated with IM screw or K-wire fixation. Outcomes were available for 49 patients (27 K-wire, 22 IM nail). Chart review was performed to assess range of motion (ROM) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand outcomes 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Results: A significant difference was found in total active motion (TAM) (207.4° vs 150.8°, P = .03) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint motion (71.8° vs 54.5°, P = .04) between the IM and K-wire cohorts 12 weeks after surgery. Proximal interphalangeal motion was also significantly different (57.6° vs 34.3°, P = .03) 6 weeks after surgery with no significant difference in TAM (176.6° vs 122.1°, P = .13) at that time point. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores 12 weeks after surgery were not significantly different between the IM ( M: 15.8) and K-wire ( M: 28.15) groups ( P = .13). Conclusions: Total active motion and PIP joint motion were found to be significantly higher 12 weeks postoperatively following IM fixation compared to K-wire fixation for extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures.