bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Function in Human Spaceflight
Authors: Stepanek Jan , Blue Rebecca S. , Connolly Desmond 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman spaceflight is entering a time of markedly increased activity fueled by collaboration between governmental and private industry entities. This has resulted in successful mission planning for destinations in low Earth orbit, lunar destinations (Artemis program, Gateway station) as well as exploration to Mars. The planned construction of additional commercial space stations will ensure continued low Earth orbit presence and destinations for science but also commercial spaceflight participants. The human in the journey to space is exposed to numerous environmental challenges including increased gravitational forces, microgravity, altered human physiology during adaptation to weightlessness in space, altered ambient pressure, as well as other important stressors contingent on the type of mission and destination. This chapter will cover clinically important aspects relevant to lung function in a normally proceeding mission; emergency scenarios such as decompression, fire, etc., will not be covered as these are beyond the scope of this review. To date, participation in commercial spaceflight by those with pre-existing chronic medical conditions is very limited, and hence, close collaboration between practicing pulmonary specialists and aerospace medicine specialists is of critical importance to guarantee safety, proper clinical management, and hence success in these important endeavors.
Barriers to Implementation of Advanced Endoscopic Procedures
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Wlodarczyk Jordan , Cologne Kyle G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdvanced endoscopy has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of both benign and low-grade malignant colorectal lesions. In fact, advanced endoscopic procedures are being adopted as standard approaches to these lesions in many places around the world; however, their implementation in the United States has not been as widespread. We ascribe the difficulty in implementation to two reasons: (1) lack of advanced endoscopic training and (2) failure in reimbursement models as they relate to endoscopy. In this article, we hope to describe these barriers and inspire colorectal surgeons to try and overcome them. As surgical specialists with a mastery of endoscopic techniques, colorectal surgeons would be able to maximize benefit for their patients and minimize health care costs in the long run.
Creating the Future of (Endoluminal) GI Interventions
Authors: Milsom Jeffrey W. , Pua Bradley P. , Sedrakyan Art , Lowenfeld Lea , Yeo Heather L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMajor innovation into how we pursue diagnosis and therapies for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is urgently needed to seek better, less invasive, and less costly innovations in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the GI tract. Learning from prior paradigm shifts in cardiac and vascular we present here several initial steps we have undertaken to follow the endoluminal path, using advanced imaging methods, including endoscopy, and data management with avoidance of entry into a body cavity when possible. We will review the benefit and ease of incorporating routine fluoroscopy with endoscopy to improve safety and efficiency. We describe the development of “hybrid” procedure rooms for GI interventions and rationale for their use. We also emphasize the importance of collaborating with interventional radiologists, software engineers, and data specialists. We predict major improvement in outcomes in both diagnosis and treatment will follow.
Effect of online video infotainment on audience attention
Authors: Dai Xinran , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBased on the attention economy theory, this study used the regression analysis method to analyse the effect of online video information entertainment on audience attention’s breadth, depth, engagement, and validity. The empirical research results show that highly positive and negative emotions significantly impact the audience’s attention in infotainment. We found that content storytelling, star characters, soft news themes, and sensational headlines have a significant positive effect. From the perspective of online video and media platforms, time fragmentation significantly impacts the audience’s attention positively and negatively. The diversification of presentation methods, the number of labels, and authoritative media have significant positive effects, whereas the number of topics has a significant negative impact.
Niobium and rhenium doping in MoSe2 monolayer during molecular beam epitaxy: Shallow dopants and defect proliferation
Authors: Zhang Junqiu , Xia Yipu , Yu Zhoubin , Yue Xingyu , Jin Yuanjun , Yuan Mengfei , Feng Yue , Li Bin , Wang Bo , Ho Wingkin , Liu Chang , Xu Hu , Jin Chuanhong , Xie Maohai 
Published: July 2023

Monolayer (ML) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted a lot of research interest in recent years due to their many interesting properties as well as their application promises. Depending on the specific combinations of metals (e.g., Mo and W) with chalcogen elements (e.g., S, Se, and Te), binary TMDs exhibit a wide spectrum of physical characteristics, e.g., from metal to semiconductor and/or superconductor. Extension from binary to ternary compounds and alloys may offer even wider variations of properties and are thus of interest from both fundamental and practical points of view. In this work, we substitute Mo for niobium (Nb) and rhenium (Re) in ML MoSe2 during molecular-beam epitaxy and probe their effects on structural and electrical properties. We find that low-concentration Nb and Re in ML-MoSe2 are both shallow dopants, with Re being an electron donor and Nb acceptor, respectively. By changing Nb(Re)/Mo flux ratios, we can effectively tune the Fermi level by varying electron or hole concentrations in MoSe2. On the other hand, both Nb and Re are found to cause mirror-twin domain boundary defects to proliferate in MoSe2.
Habitat, connectivity, and roadkill of Korea’s apex predator, the yellow-throated marten
Authors: Kang Wanmo , Choi Taeyoung , Kim GoWoon , Woo Donggul 
Published: July 2023

Context The yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), an endangered species in South Korea, is an important apex predator of that country’s temperate forest ecosystem. Human impacts on the landscape continue to threaten marten populations, for which there is insufficient understanding of critical habitats and areas required for population connectivity. Aims In this study, our aim was to develop models of habitat suitability and connectivity networks for the yellow-throated marten to inform comprehensive landscape conservation strategies. Methods We used an ensemble of five species distribution models (boosted regression trees, BRT; generalised linear model, GLM; multivariate adaptive regression spline, MARS, maximum entropy model, MaxEnt; and random forest, RF) to identify the main environmental factors influencing marten distribution and potential suitable habitats. We employed a network-based landscape lattice approach combined with circuit theory to predict the potential habitat linkages of martens, and we examined their relevance to marten roadkill. Key results Five species distribution models performed well with a range of test area under the curve (AUC) values from 0.809 to 0.826 (mean = 0.820) with true skill statistic values over 0.5. Elevation and the amount of vegetation cover were the first and second-most important factors for occurrence probability, and they generally exerted positive influences. Distances from human settlements and roads were also positively related to occurrence probability. We determined appropriate spatial resolutions for conserving functional habitat linkages, which are related to its roadkill distribution, and identified the distribution pattern of key linkage areas. Conclusions We effectively identified the potential distribution of marten habitats and linkages between them at regional and functional levels to maintain ecological processes. Implications The results and approaches presented here could be useful in understanding and delineating priority habitats and linkage areas for species conservation and landscape management.
Perception of classical music: development of creativity and musical experience in middle music schools (La percepción de la música clásica: desarrollo de la creatividad y de la experiencia musical en los centros de secundaria de educación musical)
Authors: Hu Shihong , Li Yang 
Published: July 2023

The study aims to investigate the impact of a specially designed intervention programme on middle school students’ creative thinking and musical experience. The study was conducted among 120 students ( SD = 13.4) at middle music schools in the PRC. The instruments included the Creative Personality Scale (CPS) and the Scale of Musical Experience (SME). On the CPS post-test, the control group demonstrated the same creativity, suggesting the impossibility of independent development of creative abilities within an educational institution. The influence group demonstrated increased medium creativity (10.0%) and strong creativity (11.1%). SME post-test in the control group suggests that poor musical experience fell by 11.4%, medium experience increased by 6.4% and strong musical experience increased by 5.0%. The influence secured the dominance of the medium musical experience, with poor musical experience reduced by 22.3% and strong experience increased by 15.7%. The present findings can enhance scientific knowledge about classical music practices and their adoption within educational institutions. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that creativity-oriented practices can be integrated into music schools.
Separable ball around any full-rank multipartite product state
Authors: Wen Robin Yunfei , Kempf Achim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We show that around any m-partite product state

ρ

p
r
o
d

=

ρ
1

⊗
…
⊗

ρ
m

of full rank (that is

d
e
t

(

ρ

p
r
o
d

)
≠
0
)

, there exists a finite-sized closed ball of separable states centered around

ρ

p
r
o
d

whose radius is

β
:=

2

1
−
m

/

2

λ

m
i
n

(

ρ

p
r
o
d

)

. Here,

λ

m
i
n

(

ρ

p
r
o
d

)

is the smallest eigenvalue of

ρ

p
r
o
d

. We are assuming that the total Hilbert space is finite dimensional and we use the notion of distance induced by the Frobenius norm. Applying a scaling relation, we also give a new and simple sufficient criterion for multipartite separability based on trace:

T
r

[
ρ

ρ

p
r
o
d

]
2

/

T
r

[

ρ
2

]
⩾

T
r

[

ρ

p
r
o
d

2

]
−

β
2

. Using the separable balls around the full-rank product states, we discuss the existence and possible sizes of separable balls around any multipartite separable states, which are important features for the set of all separable states. We discuss the implication of these separable balls on entanglement dynamics.
Low energy magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve - a simulation study
Authors: Sandurkov B , Rapp J , Hemmert W , Gleich B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Peripheral magnetic stimulation is a promising assistive technique for rehabilitation. Today’s magnetic stimulation devices, designed for transcranial stimulation, operate at currents of 6 kA and higher. This makes them expensive and bulky. Many motor neurons in peripheral nerves are more accessible, have large diameters, and require significantly lower field strengths for stimulation. In this work, we present a simulation environment to determine the threshold current required to trigger an action potential in phrenic nerve motor neurons for different coil geometries. An anatomical model was used for coil placement and realistic field calculations. The field distribution was calculated using the finite integration technique and then applied to a neuronal model to simulate the axon membrane dynamics. For general applicability, the coil-nerve distance and the axon diameter were varied. We show that the required current was approximately 1.3 kA for a nerve-coil distance of 35 mm, which corresponds to 20% of the available power of a commercial TMS device. By including the nearby vagus nerve in the simulations, we showed that accidental stimulation of this nerve is highly unlikely. Our results pave the way for the development of smaller, less complex, and more affordable stimulators and promise to increase the use of peripheral magnetic stimulators in clinical settings.
Free and bound sodium identification by skin dielectric properties separation algorithm of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (spa-BIS) in human skin model
Authors: Ibrahim Kiagus A , Wicaksono Ridwan , Baidillah Marlin R , Ito Koichi , Takei Masahiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Free and bound sodium in human skin models have been identified by two proposals: skin’s phantom fabrication and skin’s dielectric properties separation algorithm of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (spa-BIS). The spa-BIS consist of conductivity-permittivity separation, contact impedance compensation, and a correlation score algorithm based on the vessel with a bipolar electrode. The skin phantom fabrication comprises a recipe combination with temperature-controlled protocol and sodium molarity calculation. In experiments, the human skin models are created to mimic the electrical properties of skin under

1

MHz

with several different sodium molarities. Based on five types of human skin models with five samples of each group, the free sodium type conductivity and concentration results

R

2

=
0.9903

−

following a linear trendline of concentration change in skin tissues theorems with the fRequency range from

1

kHz

to

1

MHz

,

while the bound sodium type results

R

2

=
0.9061

−

.

The spa-BIS compensate

7
−
16

Ω

of vessel contact impedance. The dielectric properties of each type have been extracted with less than 10% of the average standard deviation, which is considered an accurate identification method of dermis dielectric properties. The algorithm successfully identifies sodium type: free sodium has a negative, and bound sodium has a positive correlation score trend. As an additional discussion, the different time-dependent effects, the different water content, and different agar content analyses have been provided in this study. As a robust analysis method, the spa-BIS has a prominent performance to replace a 23Na-MRI in terms of free and bound sodium identification.
Elastocaloric effect of shape memory polymers in elastic response regime
Authors: Hirai Takamasa , Uto Koichiro , Ebara Mitsuhiro , Uchida Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Solid-state cooling/heating technology based on the elastocaloric effect is one of the promising alternatives to vapor compression systems. Large elastocaloric temperature modulation is often generated through the non-linear strain-induced structural transition by applying large strain and/or stress to ferroelastic materials. Recently, an unconventional approach to expand the application possibilities of the elastocaloric effect was demonstrated by processing elastocaloric materials into kirigami structures, which was inspired by the art of paper cutting. Using this approach, only a small stretch of processed conventional plastics can locally provide more efficient performance of elastocaloric temperature modulation than that of ferroelastic materials. To further improve such a unique functionality, it is necessary to find plastic or polymeric materials showing large elastocaloric effects in the linear elastic response regime that can be driven by a MPa-order weak stress application, where the non-linear structural transition is irrelevant. In this work, by means of a recently developed measurement technique for the elastocaloric effect based on the lock-in thermography, we found that shape memory polymers (SMPs) show prominent performance for elastocaloric temperature modulation that is larger than conventional plastics. SMPs enable the control of crystallinity by changing the cross-linking agents, melting temperature by changing the degree of polymerization, and orientation of the polymer chain segment by the shape memory effect. By utilizing the unique properties of SMPs, we manipulated their elastocaloric performance. The experimental results reported here will highlight the potential of smart polymers for flexible and durable elastocaloric applications.
On the efficiency of caloric materials in direct comparison with exergetic grades of compressors
Authors: Schipper Jan , Bach David , Mönch Stefan , Molin Christian , Gebhardt Sylvia , Wöllenstein Jürgen , Schäfer-Welsen Olaf , Vogel Christian , Langebach Robin , Bartholomé Kilian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Efficiency improvements in heat pump can drastically reduce global energy demand. Caloric heat pumps are currently being investigated as a potentially more efficient alternative to vapor compression systems. Caloric heat pumps are driven by solid-state materials that exhibit a significant change in temperature when a field is applied, such as a magnetic or an electric field as well as mechanical stress. For most caloric materials, the phase transition results in a certain amount of power dissipation, which drastically impacts the efficiency of a caloric cooling system. The impact on the efficiency can be expressed by a figure of merit (FOM), which can directly be deduced from material properties. This FOM has been derived for 36 different magneto-, elasto-, electro and barocaloric material classes based on literature data. It is found that the best materials can theoretically attain second law efficiencies of over 90%. The FOM is analogous to the isentropic efficiency of idealized compressors of vapor compression systems. The isentropic efficiency can thus be directly linked to the theoretically achievable efficiency of a compressor-based refrigeration system for a given refrigerant. In this work a theoretical comparison is made between efficiency of caloric heat pumps and vapor compression systems based on the material losses for the caloric heat pump and the efficiency of the compressor for vapor compression systems. The effect of heat regeneration is considered in both cases. In vapor compression systems, the effect of the working fluid on the efficiency is also studied.
VIII—The Best City in Plato’sRepublic: Is It possible?
Authors: Beere Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that there are three distinct senses of possibility at play in the Republic’s discussion of whether the best city is possible: natural possibility, possibility for existing cities, and ideal possibility. It is argued that Socrates makes different claims about each of the three political proposals in Book v. (1) Women guardians are argued to be naturally possible. (2) Socrates considers it an open question whether the common family of guardians (the so-called ‘community of women and children’) is naturally possible. He argues, however, that it is ideally possible. (3) The philosopher-king is claimed to be possible in the strongest sense: it is not only naturally possible, it is also possible for existing cities. It is for this reason that the common family of guardians is ideally possible. This clarifies the sense in which the best city is best.
Improving taxonomic classification with feature space balancing
Authors: Fuhl Wolfgang , Zabel Susanne , Nieselt Kay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Summary
Modern high-throughput sequencing technologies, such as metagenomic sequencing, generate millions of sequences that need to be assigned to their taxonomic rank. Modern approaches either apply local alignment to existing databases, such as MMseqs2, or use deep neural networks, as in DeepMicrobes and BERTax. Due to the increasing size of datasets and databases, alignment-based approaches are expensive in terms of runtime. Deep learning-based approaches can require specialized hardware and consume large amounts of energy. In this article, we propose to use k-mer profiles of DNA sequences as features for taxonomic classification. Although k-mer profiles have been used before, we were able to significantly increase their predictive power significantly by applying a feature space balancing approach to the training data. This greatly improved the generalization quality of the classifiers. We have implemented different pipelines using our proposed feature extraction and dataset balancing in combination with different simple classifiers, such as bagged decision trees or feature subspace KNNs. By comparing the performance of our pipelines with state-of-the-art algorithms, such as BERTax and MMseqs2 on two different datasets, we show that our pipelines outperform these in almost all classification tasks. In particular, sequences from organisms that were not part of the training were classified with high precision.

Availability and implementation
The open-source code and the code to reproduce the results is available in Seafile, at https://tinyurl.com/ysk47fmr.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Role of duct excision surgery in the treatment of pathological nipple discharge and detection of breast carcinoma: systematic review
Authors: Makineli Seher , van Wijnbergen Jan Willem M , Vriens Menno R , van Diest Paul J , Witkamp Arjen J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The role of duct excision surgery is not clearly defined in patients with pathological nipple discharge without other clinical and radiological abnormalities. The primary aim of this systematic review was to determine the malignancy rate in patients with pathological nipple discharge after duct excision surgery (microdochectomy/major duct excision). The secondary aims were to determine the recurrence rate of pathological nipple discharge after surgery and to assess breast cancer development after surgery.

Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception to March 2023, using search terms related to ‘nipple discharge’, ‘nipple fluid’, ‘microdochectomy’, ‘duct excision’, and ‘minimally invasive surgical procedure’. Studies reporting data about women who underwent duct excision surgery for pathological nipple discharge without clinical and radiological suspicion of breast cancer, as well as reporting data on women diagnosed with breast cancer after duct excision surgery, were included.

Results
A total of 318 titles were identified, of which nine publications were included in the analysis. This resulted in 1108 patients with pathological nipple discharge who underwent a duct excision. The weighted mean rate of malignancy after duct excision surgery was 8.1 per cent (ranging from 2.3 to 13.5 per cent). Three studies described the recurrence rate of pathological nipple discharge (ranging from 0 to 12 per cent) and two studies reported breast cancer development in the follow-up in a total of three patients (less than 1 per cent).

Conclusion
The malignancy rate after duct excision surgery for pathological nipple discharge was low in patients with pathological nipple discharge without radiological and clinical abnormalities and approximately 9 of 10 patients undergo surgery for a benign cause. Improvement of the diagnostic and therapeutic workup is needed to prevent patients from undergoing (unnecessary) exploratory surgery.
Girl, Interrupted: Queering the Campus Novel
Authors: De Vido Angelica 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The campus novel has predominantly explored the development of adolescent boys. Where girls’ narratives have existed, intellectual development has typically been established as a secondary preoccupation, in favor of a central characterization of the campus as a space for heterosexual romance. I argue that this tradition is subverted in Sylvia Brownrigg’s Pages for You (2001) and Susan Choi’s My Education (2013), which reconfigure the campus novel by placing narrative concentration on girls’ intellectual development and queer sexual experiences. Consequently, these novels release girls from the limits by which their stories have conventionally been contained.