bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating hepatokine ANGPTL8, but not ANGPTL3, is increased in low-capacity runner (LCR) rats
Authors: Trauner Erica , Wilson Emily , Costa Tiago , Fonte Milene , Nielson Andrew , Bailey Anne , Koch Lauren , Webb R. Clinton , Wenceslau Camilla , McCarthy Cameron 
Published: May 2023

Metabolic syndrome, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and visceral adiposity, increases your risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, there is an increase in prevalence of metabolic syndrome among women. While lifestyle interventions (e.g., diet and exercise), are desirable for preventing morbidity and mortality, the genetic predisposition of some people to these conditions means that therapeutic interventions are also necessary. Hepatokines are liver-derived hormones which convey energy status and assist in controlling the availability of endogenous nutrients to a variety of peripheral tissues. Hepatokines, therefore, are important signaling molecules that allow the liver to communicate with other organs throughout the body. Angiopoietin-like Protein (ANGPTL3) is a secreted glycoprotein and hepatokine. ANGPTL3 directly inhibits lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing circulating triglycerides. Therefore, it promotes an increase in circulating triglyceride levels without altering phospholipid secretion or uptake. Moreover, ANGPTL3 inhibition has been unequivocally associated with reduced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating ANGPTL3 expression would be increased in low-capacity runner (LCR) rats. LCR is an animal model metabolic syndrome and presents vascular dysfunction. On the other hand, rats selectively bred for high intrinsic capacity (HCR), presents a healthy state and reduced inflammatory markers. Plasma was extracted from the blood of female LCR (28-week-old), as well as HCR, and control [high-response trainer (HRT)]. Western blot for ANGPTL3 expression was performed. Opposite our hypothesis, we did not observe any difference in circulating ANGPTL3 in LCR relative to HCR (arbitrary units, LCR: 7.5±1.1 vs. HCR: 7.2±0.9, p>0.05) or HRT (arbitrary units, LCR: 7.5±1.1 vs. HRT: 8.2±1.5, p>0.05). However, it has been established that ANGPTL8 promotes the ability of ANGPTL3 to bind and inhibit lipoprotein lipase. Therefore, we performed another Western blot for ANGPTL8 expression. We observed that ANGPTL8 is significantly increased in LCR relative to HCR (arbitrary units, LCR: 12.2±0.6 vs. HCR: 9.7±1.1, p<0.05) and HRT (arbitrary units, LCR: 12.2±0.6 vs. HRT: 9.2±0.4, p<0.05). Overall, these data suggest that the hepatokine ANGPTL8 may be a more physiologically relevant target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with low-intrinsic exercise capacity. NHLBI (R00HL151889), NIGMS (1P20GM103641 - Pilot Project), UofSC SOM (Startup funds). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Offering Flipped Teaching Training to Faculty at Rural Nursing Programs
Authors: Gopalan Chaya , Daughrity Sheyenne , Hackman Elizabeth , Rowbotham Melodie , Whittington Kelli 
Published: May 2023

Flipped teaching is a practical instructional method where the lecture is shifted out of the classroom, thus allowing time for rehearsing and mastering the content through in-class activities and formative assessments. Innovative Flipped Learning Instructional Project or IFLIP is a pilot study involving faculty and their students of rural nursing programs to develop clinical judgment and critical thinking skills essential to enter the healthcare workforce to serve their communities. Most students in these rural programs are marginalized, under-resourced, and come from underserved high schools. Rural nursing programs may also need more resources to provide faculty training in innovative student-centered teaching methods to develop classroom activities and promote clinical judgment. The instructional approach of the faculty before and after the proposed faculty development training was assessed using surveys and course design data. Through rigorous mixed-methods research, the study measured the impact of the nursing faculty transition from the traditional lecture method to the flipped teaching format by capturing the design, implementation, and refinement of their courses. It was found that the flipped teaching training significantly enhanced knowledge among all participants. More specifically, the faculty felt confident creating instructional videos, designing assessments of pre-class work, and assessing student learning. Thus, the flipped teaching training helped faculty be prepared to engage students in their classrooms. Illinois Innovation Network This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
An Inclusive Approach Toward Success in Undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology
Authors: Tamarkin Dawn , Deryugina Elena , Aleshire David , Jasemian Yousef 
Published: May 2023

With a diverse group of students taking undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology (A&P), it is imperative to find methods that enable every student to be more successful. At National University, we have been applying a new approach in our online and onsite classes that includes more learners: offering multiple attempt homework assessments. The A&P homework is scaffolded to be done with either unlimited attempts or limited to 10 attempts, depending on the specific section. The homework is given online, while subsequent assessments are either given onsite or online. The homework assignments precede more traditional, single-attempt quizzes and/or exams. Some students only complete a homework assessment once, while other students complete the homework assessment multiple times (occasionally over 50 times) in order to achieve their desired grade. The number of attempts per student is specific to each student and not to the specific topic of the homework; some students routinely carry out multiple attempts while others do not. Although making multiple attempts available may seem to allow for grade inflation, our results show that is not the case. Analysis of the number of homework attempts in relation to homework assessment grade had no correlation. Further, the number of homework attempts has no correlation with the grade students earned on quizzes or the entire course. However, a positive correlation has been established between the achieved homework grade in relation to quizzes, exams, and course grade. This positive correlation exists in both online and onsite classes. Our results indicate that enabling students to work through homework assignments according to their needs until they master each topic increases their opportunities for success in the A&P course. Our approach of offering multiple homework attempts is inclusive because it provides any learner with an opportunity to succeed. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
H19X-encoded non-coding RNAs are associated with loss of muscle and old age in human: A quantitative histological study using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database
Authors: Zou Joy , Ji Xuan , Yuan Fei , Zhang Yingtao , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2023

Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is commonly seen in individuals with chronic illness, older age, and altered hormonal and/or endocrine functions. Whole-genome survey of human muscle biopsies has identified several miRNAs which are associated with chronic diseases and thus named “atromiRs.” Using murine models, we have showed that H10X-encoded atromiRs miR-424/miR-503 downregulates muscle mass by directly targeting protein translation initiation factors. We hypothesized that H19X-encoded non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy/wasting in humans, and the levels of the ncRNAs are correlated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass in old age. A total of 803 samples from the GTEx project, which contains both skeletal muscle RNA expression information and skeletal muscle biopsy images, were included in the study. The samples were further classified into eight groups based on the levels of miR-503HG (host gene of miR-424/miR-503) reported in the database. Quantification of histopathology in HE-stained muscle sections were manually performed in group 1 (n=89) and 8 (n=100), which had the lowest levels or highest levels of miR-424/miR-503, respectively. The degree of muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and interfascicular/perifascicular fat accumulation were assessed with a grading scale of 0-3. The total muscle histology score was also calculated as a sum of all three scores. Unpaired student t-tests were used to compare histological scores, BMI, and age between the two groups. All tests were two-tailed and p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. There is no significant difference between the two groups in sex ( p= 0.55). In agreement with our recent study, high levels of miR-503HG (group 8) are associated with old age ( p= 0.02), and a trend of higher BM ( p= 0.07). Notably, high levels of miR-503HG are significantly correlated with muscle atrophy ( p= 0.001) and a total muscle wasting score ( p= 0.03) from histological assessment. These findings suggest the increased levels of H19X-encoded ncRNAs in human skeletal muscle are associated with muscle mass loss and potential sarcopenia. The results of our study may provide insight into the underlying role of H19X-encoded ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of geriatric muscle loss. The research was funded by the University of Houston internal fund to enhance and advance research (to YL). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Metabolomic analysis of equine skeletal muscle during high-intensity interval exercise: a comparison of two different rest intervals
Authors: Takahashi Kenya , Mukai Kazutaka , Takahashi Yuji , Ebisuda Yusaku , Hatta Hideo , Kitaoka Yu 
Published: May 2023

High-intensity exercise training is accepted as an effective strategy to induce training adaptations. However, physiological responses to this type of exercise are not fully elucidated. In this study, using metabolomics techniques, we investigated metabolite network responses to high-intensity interval exercise performed with 2 different rest intervals. In a randomized crossover design, 8 Thoroughbred horses performed high-intensity interval exercise on a treadmill. After warm-up exercise at 3.5 m/s for 3 min, followed by 1.7 m/s for 1 min, horses performed three 1 min bouts of high-intensity exercise at the speed eliciting their maximal oxygen uptake, separated by 15- or 2-min of walking at 1.7 m/s. Gluteus medius muscles were taken before and after bout-1 and bout-3 exercise, and used for metabolomic analysis. A similar increase in plasma lactate concentration was observed in each bout of exercise with 15-min rest interval (bout-1: Δ11.8 ± 0.8 mmol/L, bout-2: Δ10.3 ± 0.7 mmol/L, bout-3: Δ9.0 ± 0.9 mmol/L). An increase in plasma lactate concentration progressively diminished during exercise with 2-min rest interval (bout-1: Δ12.5 ± 1.6 mmol/L, bout-2: Δ4.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L, bout-3: Δ2.9 ± 0.3 mmol/L). Arterial oxygen saturation decreased to the same extent in each bout of exercise with 15-min rest interval (bout-1: Δ-3.1 ± 0.5%, bout-2: Δ-3.7 ± 0.4%, bout-3: Δ-3.9 ± 0.7%). In contrast, a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation progressively increased as exercise was repeated with 2-min rest interval (bout-1: Δ-3.9 ± 0.7%, bout-2: Δ-6.0 ± 0.8%, bout-3: Δ-7.7 ± 0.9%). Among 99 detected metabolites as a result of metabolomic analysis, 21 and 18 metabolites (e.g., phosphocreatine, glycolytic intermediates, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates) significantly changed during exercise of bout-1 and bout-3 with 15-min rest interval. No metabolites significantly changed in bout-3 with 2-min rest interval. The current observations suggest a shift towards oxidative metabolism from substrate phosphorylation during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise with shortened rest interval, even though exercise intensity and duration are the same in each bout. This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (Grant numbers 20H04071 and 21K21249) and by the Yamaha Motor Foundation for Sports. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
The Role of Skeletal Muscle Nrf2 on Cardiac Function in Mice
Authors: Wang Lucas , Dhyani Neha , Rudebush Tara , Gao Lie , Zucker Irving 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Excessive oxidant stress has been shown to damage cardiac tissue and result in impaired cardiac function. Animals with chronic heart failure (CHF) exhibit lower levels of antioxidant enzymes in many tissues including the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle (SkM). Nrf2 is a ubiquitous master transcription factor that regulates antioxidant proteins during enhanced oxidative stress. Earlier studies from this laboratory showed that exercise training was cardioprotective following ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. This protective effect was abrogated in mice in which the Nrf2 gene was deleted selectively in skeletal muscle. Given that skeletal muscle is approximately 40% of body weight and in light of recent findings on skeletal muscle derived extracellular vesicles, we sought to determine if up and downregulation of Nrf2 in skeletal muscle altered cardiac function. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle knockout of Nrf2 would impair cardiac function and the response to the beta 1 agonist dobutamine. Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried out in 37 males iMS-Keap1flox/flox and iMS-Nrf-2flox/flox (i.e. SkM specific) mice. Gene deletion was conditional upon the administration of the estrogen receptor agonist tamoxifen at 3 months of age; floxed mice given vehicle instead of tamoxifen were considered WT. The mice were assigned to 4 groups: Keap1 knockout (KO) (10), Keap1 WT (8), Nrf-2 KO (11), and Nrf-2 WT (8). Results: Keap1 deletion resulted in an increase in skeletal muscle hemoxygenase 1 (HO1) (p = 0.0286) while Nrf2 deletion resulted in a reduction in HO1 (p = 0.0286). However, there were no changes in the level of HO1 or other antioxidant proteins in the heart. Cardiac function was assessed with high frequency echocardiography (Vevo 3100). Systolic and diastolic function were analyzed. Up and downregulation of skeletal muscle Nrf2 did not evoke any change in either systolic or diastolic function. Conclusions: Previous studies have shown that Nrf2 upregulation salvaged cardiac function in mice subjected to either myocardial infarction or thoracic aortic constriction. Therefore, it may be that our lack of an effect of SkM specific Nrf2 manipulation is due to this study being carried out in normal animals and not in a disease setting such as CHF. In future work, this effect will be examined in mice with cardiac dysfunction. Supported by P0162222 and SURF from the APS This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
The interaction between early-life exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate and aging in mice
Authors: Ninomiya Ayane , Amano Izuki , Haijima Asahi , Koibuchi Noriyuki 
Published: May 2023

It has been reported that the exposure to environmental chemicals including endocrine-disrupting chemicals in early life can cause developmental diseases in children. We previously reported that the lactational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) caused the impairment in the cognitive and motor functions in adult male mice. However, little is known how the early-life PFOS exposure affects such brain functions in aged subjects. The present study investigated the prolonged effects of PFOS on cognitive function, anxiety, and social behavior using aged male mice (> 365 postnatal day). Mice were exposed to PFOS (1 mg / kg body weight) during the lactational period. In the visual discrimination test, both control and PFOS groups showed a decrease in the learning curve. There is no difference in % correct between groups. In the object location test, there were no changes in both short- and long-term memory. In the object recognition test, long-term memory was attenuated in the PFOS group. The test battery for anxiety (elevated-plus maze test, light and dark chamber test, marble burying test) detected no difference between groups. In the three-chamber social interaction test, PFOS-exposed mice showed an avoidance to interact with a novel mouse, which was not observed during the young-adult period. These results indicate that the PFOS mainly affects social activity during aging. Nothing to disclose This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Exogenous Thyroxine Increases Cardiac Nrf2 and the Potential to Upregulate Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Insulin Resistant OLETF rats
Authors: Mendez Dora , Soñanez-Organis José Guadalupe , Vazquez-Anaya Guillermo , Nakano Daisuke , Nishiyama Akira , Ortiz Rudy 
Published: May 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with Type II diabetes (T2D) with approximately 30 million people afflicted within the United States. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as cardiovascular dysfunction induced by diabetic complications such as sustained hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. During insulin resistance the heart undergoes a metabolic shift in which fatty acids (FA) accounts for about 99% of the ATP production. Some major consequences of a metabolic shift with impaired glucose tolerance can cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately leading to cardiovascular dysfunction. We have previously shown thyroid hormones (THs) increase GLUT4 translocation in cardiac tissue, indicating the potential to improve the impaired glucose metabolism in the heart. THs have also been shown to improve oxidative injury and increase antioxidant defense systems yet contradicting data exists demonstrating THs induce oxidative stress. Thus, the effects of THs on redox biology and oxidative stress are incongruent and warrant further investigation. Insulin resistant, Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used to assess the effects of exogenous thyroxine (T4) on oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in cardiac tissue. Rats were assigned to four groups: 1) lean, Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n=6), 2) LETO + T4 (8 μg/100g BM/d × 5 wks; n=7), 3) untreated OLETF (n=6), and 4) OLETF + T4 (n=7). T4 increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) NOX2 mRNA in both treated LETO (2.04 ± 0.6) and OLETF (2.02 ± 0.6) compared to LETO control (1 ± 0.2). T4 further increased NOX4 mRNA in OLETF by 78% compared to untreated OLETF. In addition, T4 increased Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression in OLETF by 45% compared to untreated OLETF. These data suggest that the potential for an oxidizing environment in the insulin resistant OLETF rat is increased and T4 has the cardioprotective potential to increase Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense mechanisms. APS Porter Fellowship and American Heart Association grant # 946746. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Delta economy of walking is not associated with body mass index in physically inactive adults
Authors: Beaumont Josh , Adams Marc , Gaesser Glenn , Angadi Siddhartha 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE: Published data on the relationship between body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and energy cost of walking is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine whether the increased energy expenditure (EE) that occurs with increased walking speed (defined as delta economy) is associated with BMI. The primary hypothesis was that BMI does not influence delta economy. METHODS: Insufficiently active adults (total n = 187[GG1], males n = 87, females n = 100, BMI = 20.0-39.5 kg/m2,18-60 years) walked on the treadmill at 2, 3, and 4 miles per hour (mph) while ventilation and gas exchange were measured with an indirect calorimetry system (Jaeger Oxycon Mobile) for determination of oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). VO2 and RER were used to calculate EE (w/kg). Each subject walked for six minutes at each speed. Only the last three minutes of EE per stage were used after verification of steady state. Delta economy was captured by analyzing the slope of change of VO2 across walking speeds. Two methodologies were employed to quantify the slope: a novel technique using polynomial random coefficient regression (PRCR) and the traditional delta economy (TDE) method of calculating change in EE for a change in speed. Two key PRCR components were generated: linear and quadratic coefficients. TDE was determined for three speed changes: 2-3 mph, 3-4 mph, and 2-4 mph. The relationship with each of these to BMI was examined via Pearson product-moment correlation with α set at 0.05. RESULTS: BMI was not associated with either the linear ( r = 0.01, p = 0.87) or quadratic ( r = 0.08, p = 0.28) PRCR coefficients. There was no relationship between BMI and TDE at any of the speed intervals: 2-3 mph ( r = 0.07, p = 0.32), 3-4 mph ( r = 0.05, p = 0.53), or 2-4 mph ( r = 0.01, p = 0.87). CONCLUSION: In this sample of inactive adults, BMI did not influence traditional delta economy or the linear and quadratic coefficients from the PRCR model. Consequently, our results indicate that the considerable between-subject variability in all measures of walking economy is not affected by BMI. A strength of this study is the large sample size, which reduces the likelihood of sampling bias that might be present in previously published studies with much smaller sample sizes. This analysis was conducted on a baseline dataset collected as part of a project funded from a grant from the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (R01CA198915). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.