bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophage Cocktail Can Effectively Control Salmonella Biofilm on
Gallstone and Tooth Surfaces
Authors: Var Işil , AlMatar Manaf , Heshmati Behzad , Albarri Osman 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Salmonellosis, which is typically distinguished by an immediate onset of
fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella.
The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium is a major worldwide
problem, and a better knowledge of the distribution of antibiotic resistance patterns in Salmonella
Typhimurium is critical for selecting the best antibiotic for infection treatment. In this work, the efficiency
of bacteriophage therapy of vegetative cells and biofilms of S. Typhimurium was investigated.

Methods:
Based on their host ranges, five Bacteriophages were chosen for therapy against 22 Salmonella
isolates collected from various sources. PSCs1, PSDs1, PSCs2, PSSr1, and PSMc1 phages
were found to exhibit potent anti-S. Typhimurium properties. In a 96-well microplate, the efficacy
of bacteriophage therapy (105-1011 PFU/mL) against S. Typhimurium biofilm formers was first tested.
A bacteriophage treatment (109 PFU/mL) was subsequently applied in the laboratory for 24
hours to minimize Salmonella adhering to the surfaces of gallstones and teeth. In 96-well microplate
experiments, bacteriophage treatment inhibited biofilm development and reduced biofilm by
up to 63.6% (P ≤ 0.05).

Result:
When compared to controls, bacteriophages (PSCs1, PSDs1, PSCs2, PSSr1, PSMc1) demonstrated
a rapid drop in the populations of S. Typhimurium biofilms generated on the surfaces of
gallstones and teeth where the structure of the Salmonella bacteria in the biofilm was broken and
holes were created.

Conclusion:
Clearly, this study indicated that phages might be employed to eliminate S. Typhimurium
biofilms on gallstone and tooth surfaces.
Effect of Low-calorie Sweeteners on Sensory, Physicochemical, and
Quality Attributes of Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Juice
Authors: Acurio Arcos Liliana Patricia , Valencia Toapanta Maria Fernanda , Pacheco Tigselema María Teresa , Teneda Llerena William Fabian 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The goldenberry is a fruit that grows in the Andean valleys of Ecuador and
Peru. The goldenberry has a high nutritional value, thanks to the presence of ascorbic acid, carotenoids,
and total phenols. Also, this fruit has shown the ability to attenuate hepatorenal injuries, antidiabetic
and antihypertensive effects, and hepatoprotective effects.

Objective:
The work aimed to take advantage of the nutritional and medicinal properties of the
goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) by developing a juice substituting sucrose for low-calorie
sweeteners. Also, this study evaluated the effect of these sweeteners on sensory, physicochemical,
and quality of juice attributes.

Methods:
Different formulations were tested, varying the percentage of pulp, sweeteners (sucrose,
sucralose, and acesulfame K), and stabilizer (xanthan gum). The formulations were subjected to
sensory analysis using 48 semi-trained tasters. The acidity, pH, soluble solids, and density were
analyzed using the methodology described in Ecuadorian standards. In addition, the nutritional and
microbiological quality was analyzed, and a shelf-life study was carried out under normal and accelerated
conditions.

Results:
The best formulation was elaborated with 30% goldenberry pulp, 0.016% acesulfame K,
0.0054% sucralose, and 0.1% xanthan gum. The best formulation showed 0.3% of protein, 0.3% of
ash, 4% of carbohydrates, and 35 mg/100 g of vitamin C. Consumption of 500 ml of the beverage
provided 17 Kcal. It can be preserved for 2.5, 1.6, and 0.8 months at 8, 20, and 35ºC storage temperatures,
respectively.

Conclusion:
The best formulation scored better in odor and general acceptability attributes. Also,
this formulation showed a synergistic effect between the fruit components and the low-calorie
sweeteners, generating an effect that intensifies the sensory fruity aroma.
Current Concepts of Pain Pathways: A Brief Review of Anatomy, Physiology,
and Medical Imaging
Authors: Gonzalez-Hermosillo Daisy-Carolina , Gonzalez-Hermosillo Leslie-Marisol , Villaseñor-Almaraz Moises , Ballesteros-Herrera Daniel , Moreno-Jimenez Sergio , Corona-Cedillo Roberto , Velasco-Campos Francisco , Carrillo-Ruiz Jose-Damian , Roldan-Valadez Ernesto 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Although the essential components of pain pathways have been identified, a thorough comprehension of the interactions necessary for creating focused treatments is still lacking. Such include more standardised methods for measuring pain in clinical and preclinical studies and more representative study populations.

Objective:
This review describes the essential neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of pain nociception and its relation with currently available neuroimaging methods focused on health professionals responsible for treating pain.

Methods:
Conduct a PubMed search of pain pathways using pain-related search terms, selecting the most relevant and updated information.

Results:
Current reviews of pain highlight the importance of their study in different areas from the cellular level, pain types, neuronal plasticity, ascending, descending, and integration pathways to their clinical evaluation and neuroimaging. Advanced neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, PET, and MEG are used to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying pain processing and identify potential targets for pain therapy.

Conclusions:
The study of pain pathways and neuroimaging methods allows physicians to evaluate and facilitate decision-making related to the pathologies that cause chronic pain. Some identifiable issues include a better understanding of the relationship between pain and mental health, developing more effective interventions for chronic pain's psychological and emotional aspects, and better integrating data from different neuroimaging modalities for the clinical efficacy of new pain therapies.
Current Status of Patent Research on Picking End Effector
Authors: Wu Xilong , Xie Baocheng 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Fruit and vegetable picking, as the most important part of fruit and vegetable
production, is a labor-intensive industry. Fruit and vegetable picking robots can effectively improve
the efficiency of picking and reduce labor requirements. As the most important part of the
picking robot, the picking end-effector effectively plays a key role in improving the picking efficiency
and ensuring the wholeness of the fruit. Therefore, the development trend of picking end effectors
has received more and more attention.

Objective:
The study aimed to solve the problems of high labor consumption and low picking efficiency
of manual picking; thus, the grasping method of the picking end effector has been continuously
improved.

Methods:
This article has presented various representative patents related to the picking end effector,
such as the suction end effector, multi-finger end effector, and bionic end effector.

Results:
Through the investigation of a large number of picking end effector patents, the current
problems, such as low accuracy and large clamping damage, are summarized and analyzed. In addition,
the future trends of fruit and vegetable picking end effectors are discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization of the picking end effector is conducive to reducing manual labor and
improving the picking rate of fruits and vegetables. More relevant patents will be invented in the
future.
Automated Identification of Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning: Algorithm Development and Evaluation Study
Authors: Pongdee Thanai , Larson Nicholas B , Divekar Rohit , Bielinski Suzette J , Liu Hongfang , Moon Sungrim 
Published: May 2023

Background
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an acquired inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and respiratory hypersensitivity reactions on ingestion of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Despite AERD having a classic constellation of symptoms, the diagnosis is often overlooked, with an average of greater than 10 years between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis of AERD. Without a diagnosis, individuals will lack opportunities to receive effective treatments, such as aspirin desensitization or biologic medications.

Objective
Our aim was to develop a combined algorithm that integrates both natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify patients with AERD from an electronic health record (EHR).

Methods
A rule-based decision tree algorithm incorporating NLP-based features was developed using clinical documents from the EHR at Mayo Clinic. From clinical notes, using NLP techniques, 7 features were extracted that included the following: AERD, asthma, NSAID allergy, nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, elevated urine leukotriene E4 level, and documented no-NSAID allergy. MedTagger was used to extract these 7 features from the unstructured clinical text given a set of keywords and patterns based on the chart review of 2 allergy and immunology experts for AERD. The status of each extracted feature was quantified by assigning the frequency of its occurrence in clinical documents per subject. We optimized the decision tree classifier’s hyperparameters cutoff threshold on the training set to determine the representative feature combination to discriminate AERD. We then evaluated the resulting model on the test set.

Results
The AERD algorithm, which combines NLP and ML techniques, achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.78-0.94), 80.00 (95% CI 70.82-87.33), and 88.00 (95% CI 79.98-93.64) for the test set, respectively.

Conclusions
We developed a promising AERD algorithm that needs further refinement to improve AERD diagnosis. Continued development of NLP and ML technologies has the potential to reduce diagnostic delays for AERD and improve the health of our patients.
National Trends in Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Challenge Due to Age or Stage of Development, or Is New Thinking About Service Provision Needed?
Authors: Holman Naomi , Woch Emilia , Dayan Colin , Warner Justin , Robinson Holly , Young Bob , Elliott Jackie 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE
Adolescence is associated with high-risk hyperglycemia. This study examines the phenomenon in a life course context.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 93,125 people with type 1 diabetes aged 5 to 30 years were identified from the National Diabetes Audit and/or the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit for England and Wales for 2017/2018–2019/2020. For each audit year, the latest HbA1c and hospital admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were identified. Data were analyzed in sequential cohorts by year of age.

RESULTS
In childhood, unreported HbA1c measurement is uncommon; however, for 19-year-olds, it increases to 22.3% for men and 17.3% for women, and then reduces to 17.9% and 13.1%, respectively, for 30-year-olds. Median HbA1c for 9-year-olds is 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) (interquartile range 7.1–8.4%, 54–68 mmol/mol) in boys and 7.7% (61 mmol/mol) (8.0–8.4%, 64–68 mmol/mol) in girls, increasing to 8.7% (72 mmol/mol) (7.5–10.3%, 59–89 mmol/mol) and 8.9% (74 mmol/mol) (7.7–10.6%, 61–92 mmol/mol), respectively, for 19-year-olds before falling to 8.4% (68 mmol/mol) (7.4–9.7%, 57–83 mmol/mol) and 8.2% (66 mmol/mol) (7.3–9.7%, 56–82 mmol/mol), respectively, for 30-year-olds. Annual hospitalization for DKA rose steadily in age from 6 years (2.0% for boys, 1.4% for girls) and peaked at 19 years for men (7.9%) and 18 years for women (12.7%), reducing to 4.3% for men and 5.4% for women at age 30 years. For all ages over 9 years, the prevalence of DKA was higher in female individuals.

CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c and the prevalence of DKA increase through adolescence and then decline. Measurement of HbA1c, a marker of clinical review, falls abruptly in the late teenage years. Age-appropriate services are needed to overcome these issues.
ANALISIS SISTEM DRAINASE PERKOTAAN AKIBAT CURAH HUJAN PADA KELURAHAN MULYOJATI KECAMATAN METRO BARAT KOTA METRO (Studi Kasus Jalan Tangkil Dan Jalan Puskel – Jalan Arjuna)
Authors: Wicaksono Satrio Adhi , Prawati Eri , Surandono Agus 
Published: May 2023

Pada analisis kapasitas saluran drainase menggunakan data curah hujan 10 tahun terakhir dengan analisa frekuensi hujan menggunakan metode distribusi Log Person III untuk mendapatkan curah hujan rencana tiap tahun. Perhitungan debit banjir rencana pada analisis saluran drainasenya menggunakan metode Weduwen. Hasil perhitungan kapasitas saluran drainase memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat saluran yang tidak aman karena debit saluran eksisting (Qs) lebih kecil dari debit banjir rencana (Qr) pada saluran 1, saluran 6 dan saluran 14 sehingga saluran tesebut perlu untuk diredesain. Kapasitas saluran tidak aman pada saluran 1 terjadi pada kala ulang 2 sampai 100 tahun. Untuk kapasitas saluran tidak aman saluran 6 terdapat pada kala ulang 2, sampai 100 tahun. Untuk kapasitas tidak aman saluran 14 terdapat pada kala ulang 2 sampai 100 tahun. Untuk kapasitas saluran drainase lainnya sudah aman tetapi kondisinya perlu diperhatikan pada saluran terdapat rumput dan sedimen yang dapat mengurangi kapasitas dari saluran itu sendiri sehingga dapat menyebabkan genangan air di sekitar saluran. Untuk perhitungan redesain saluran 1, 6 dan 14 dapat ditinjau dari debit banjir rencana dan elevasi saluran yang telah dihitung sebelumnya sehingga dapat dengan mudah menentukan dimensi saluran ekonomis yang sesuai dengan debit rencananya.
ANALISIS SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS TANAH LEMPUNG MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN ADDITIVE DIFA SOIL STABILIZER DAN SEMEN
Authors: Harwanto Asep , Amran Yusuf , Sriharyani Leni 
Published: May 2023

Tanah dasar (subgrade) merupakan lapisan tanah asli yang terletak paling bawah yang berfungsi sebagai tempat perletakan lapis perkerasan dan mendukung konstruksi diatasnya. Daya dukung suatu lapisan tanah tertentu tergantung dari kepadatan tanah yang menyusun lapisan tersebut, semakin kecil CBR (California Bearing Ratio) suatu lapisan dari jenis tanah tertentu maka lapisan yang dibuat diatasnya haruslah semakin tebal. Salah satu tanah yang biasa ditemukan pada suatu konstruksi yaitu jenis tanah lempung.Tanah lempung memiliki kemampuan menyerap air yang cukup tinggi dan kondisi pengaliran air sangat rendah. Tanah lempung merupakan jenis tanah dengan daya dukung rendah, pengaruh air sangat besar terhadap perilaku fisik dan mekanisnya. Dari hasil penelitian/pengujian terhadap sampel tanah, secara umum menunjukkan semakin banyak persentase penggunaan semen maka daya dukung tanah semakin baik, namun jika penggunaan pada jenis tanah lempung berplastisitas rendah, dianjurkan penggunaan difa soil stabilizer yang digunakan secara bersamaan dengan semen persentase optimum pada 4% dari berat/volume tanah kering, yang diparameterkan melalui sifat mekanis tanah meliputi nilai hasil uji pemadatan tanah/uji proctor (kadar air optimum dan berat isi kering maksimum tanah) dan nilai hasil pengujian CBR laboratorium. Terjadi peningkatan daya dukung tanah yang diindikasikan adanya peningkatan nilai- nilai CBR tanah campuran dari nilai CBR tanah asli, pada persentase penambahan difa soil stabilizer dan semen sebesar 4% ternyata telah mampu meningkatkan nilai CBR tanah dasar menjadi 6,37% dari CBR tanah asli sebesar 2,7%, nilai ini telah memenuhi batas minimum CBR tanah dasar/sub grade yang ditentukan oleh spesifikasi umum Bina Marga Tahun 2010 yaitu sebesar 6%.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PASIR LAUT DAN PASIR SUNGAI SEBAGAI AGREGAT HALUS PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL PANAS (AC - BC) DENGAN PENGUJIAN MARSHALL
Authors: Prasetyo Edy , Kurniawan Septyanto , Hadijah Ida 
Published: May 2023

Campuran AC-BC (Asphalt Concrete–Binder Course) dengan menggunakan agregat halus dari pasir laut memenuhi persyaratan karakteristik Marshall berdasarkan Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga, (2010). Tujuan dari penelitian menganalisis pengaruh pemanfaatan pasir laut sebagai pengganti agregat halus terhadap nilai uji Marshall campuran AC–BC (Asphalt Concrete–Binder Course). Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode desain empiris secara eksperimen yaitu metode yang dilakukan dengan mengadakan kegiatan percobaan untuk mendapatkan data. Pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan di laboratorium untuk dapat mengetahui hasil dari analisis perbandingan pasir laut dan pasir sungai sebagai agregat halus pada campuran aspal panas (AC-BC) dengan pengujian marshall, serta menggunakan kadar aspal yang berbeda, yaitu : 4%, 4,5%, 5%, 5,5%, 6%,
6,5%. Hasil dari keseluruhan perhitungan bahwa penggantian pasir laut sebagai agregat halus pada kadar aspal optimum 4,80 % dan pasir laut 32 % adalah komposisi yang paing efisien dengan nilai stability 1.023,994 Kg, VMA 14,929 %,VIM 3,056 %, VFB 79,741 %, Flow 2,859 mm, VIM refusal 3,847 %, Marshall 365,918 Kg/mm. Hasil dari karakteristik marshall pada kondisi KAO, kadar pasir laut 32 % dengan kadar aspal optimum 4,80 % pada campuran AC-BC memenuhi spesifikasi umum bina marga (2010).
ANALISIS METODE TIME COST TRADE PADA PEMBANGUNAN PERPUSTAKAAN IAIN METRO
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Gelar , Herni Mas , Kurniawan Septyanto 
Published: May 2023

Perkembangan yang sangat pesat dalam sektor jasa pembangunan konstruksi mempunyai peranan penting dan strategis dalam pembangunan nasional yang penuh persaingan yang sangat kompetitif seperti sekarang ini sangatlah menuntut ketepatan, keefektifan, efesiensi, ekonomis. Keterlambatan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan konstruksi dapat diatasi dengan melakukan percepatan dalam pelaksanaannya agar dapat mencapai target rencana. Metode yang akan digunakan untuk mempercepat waktu pembangunan pada tugas akhir ini adalah metode Time Cost Trade Off atau disebut juga metode pertukaran biaya terhadap waktu, yang merupakan salah satu metode analisa yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat waktu dan biaya pada suatu pembangunan.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menghitung waktu yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan Pembangunan Perpustakaan IAIN Metro dengan menerapkan metode Time Cost Trade Off dan Menghitung biaya Pembangunan Perpustakaan IAIN Metro dengan metode Time Cost Trade Off. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan di lapangan langsung pada lokasi yang sudah ditentukan yaitu Kampus II IAIN Metro, mulai dari data primer yaitu wawancara dengan kontraktor dan konsultas Manajemen Konstruksi, lalu pengumpulan data sekunder yang meliputi RAB, Gambar Kerja, dan lain- lain, yang selanjutnya data tersebut diolah untuk diterapkan scenario crashing. Dari hasil analisis, diketahui durasi normal pembangunan 156 hari, dengan biaya Rp 12.353.760.000,00. Dengan penambahan tenaga kerja, didapat durasi 130 hari dengan total cost sebesar Rp. 12.356.529.351,78 dan mencapai progress 100%, untuk alteratif sistem kerja, didapat durasi 136 hari dengan total cost sebesar Rp. 12.358.664.207,59 dan mencapai progress 100%, sedangkan untuk alternatif penambahan jam kerja, didapat durasi 140 shift hari kerja dengan total cost sebesar Rp. 12.483.732.399,35 dan mencapai progress 100%.
Anti-inflammatory activity of novel natural plant extracts composition—LevidorTM
Authors: Kuczyńska Monika , Kasprzyk Paulina , Leszczyńska-Wiloch Magdalena , Bidzińska Joanna , Martyniak Marcin , Wilandt Alicja , Lemke Krzysztof 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Due to the severe side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, there is an urgent need to find new natural or synthetic chemicals that could act as selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The most valuable source of new bioactive compounds and potential drugs are plants. The present study aimed at the investigation of LevidorTM, a patented composition based on oil from the seeds of Nigella sativa and extract from the root of Angelica archangelica, regarding its potential anti-inflammatory effects on the molecular level.

Materials and Methods
Studies were carried out with the use of murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), human monocytes (U937), and rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the LevidorTM extract was evaluated by MTT assay. The concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) was evaluated by ELISA. Moreover, the analysis of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression levels by RT-PCR, as well as protein level by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining, were assessed.

Results
The LevidorTM extract did not impact cell growth and showed anti-inflammatory effect in the present study. It was able to decrease the level of IL-6, TNF-α and suppress transcription of COX-2, whereas it had no effect on COX-1.

Conclusions
Obtained results showed that LevidorTM exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties and may provide a significant alternative to traditionally used medicines in acute pain and chronic inflammation.
Transfer of Personal Data to Third Countries and the “Equivalent Level” of Protection According to the European Court of Justice
Authors: Furramani Emanuela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The focus of this study is the transfer of personal data to third countries or international organizations according to EU Regulation No. 679/2016 (GDPR) on the protection of personal data. The primary goal of this Regulation concerning data transfer to third countries is to ensure that the subject’s rights and freedoms are safeguarded at the same level as provided by GDPR. According to GDPR, before any transfer to a third country or international organization, it must first be ascertained whether the European Commission has established that a third country ensures an adequate level of protection. Regarding personal data protection in the third state, the Court of Justice of the European Union has intervened on different occasions. In the last decision, in 2020, the Court declared invalid the European Commission’s Decision No. 2016/1250 on the adequacy of the protection provided by the EU-US Privacy Shield (CJEU, Schrems II, 2020, July 16) because it does not provide effective and enforceable rights for personal data subjects in cases of interference. According to the Court of Justice of the European Union, the US does not guarantee an “essentially equivalent” level of protection to that provided by the European Union under Article 45(1) GDPR, read in conjunction with Articles 7, 8, and 47 of the European Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights, which guarantee respect for private and family life, personal data protection, and the right to effective judicial protection.
The Structural and Optical Properties of Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Guneri Emine , Ozpozan Nilgun Kalaycıoglu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Perovskite materials have many interesting properties such as modulation of the optical band gap and the properties of quantum wells. In addition, they have a stable structure. For these reasons, perovskites have attractive properties for optoelectronic devices. Additionally, the structural and optical properties can be changed by means of different halide atoms doped into materials. In this study, the effect of iodine on the structural, and optical properties of perovskite thin films was investigated. KCaCl2 I and KCaCl3 perovskite were prepared by chemical bath deposition on a glass substrate. The crystal structures of the films were determined by X-ray diffraction. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the films had a crystalline structure. In addition, KCaCl2 I perovskite thin film has better crystalline than KCaCl3 perovskite thin films. Linear optical parameters were determined using transmittance and absorbance measurements. And then, the optical band gap values, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and dielectric constants were determined as linear optical properties. It was understood that these properties were affected by iodine.