bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UDP-glucosyltransferase HvUGT13248 confers type II resistance to Fusarium graminearum in barley
Authors: Bethke Gerit , Huang Yadong , Hensel Goetz , Heinen Shane , Liu Chaochih , Wyant Skylar R , Li Xin , Quin Maureen B , McCormick Susan , Morrell Peter L , Dong Yanhong , Kumlehn Jochen , Salvi Silvio , Berthiller Franz , Muehlbauer Gary J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) causes yield losses and accumulation of trichothecene mycotoxins (e.g. deoxynivalenol [DON]) in grains. Glucosylation of DON to the nontoxic DON-3-O-glucoside (D3G) is catalyzed by UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), such as barley UGT13248. We explored the natural diversity of UGT13248 in 496 barley accessions and showed that all carried potential functional alleles of UGT13248, as no genotypes showed strongly increased seedling sensitivity to DON. From a TILLING population, we identified 2 mutant alleles (T368I and H369Y) that, based on protein modeling, likely affect the UDP-glucose binding of UGT13248. In DON feeding experiments, DON-to-D3G conversion was strongly reduced in spikes of these mutants compared to controls, and plants overexpressing UGT13248 showed increased resistance to DON and increased DON-to-D3G conversion. Moreover, field-grown plants carrying the T368I or H369Y mutations inoculated with Fusarium graminearum showed increased FHB disease severity and reduced D3G production. Barley is generally considered to have type II resistance that limits the spread of F. graminearum from the infected spikelet to adjacent spikelets. Point inoculation experiments with F. graminearum showed increased infection spread in T368I and H369Y across the spike compared to wild type, while overexpression plants showed decreased spread of FHB symptoms. Confocal microscopy revealed that F. graminearum spread to distant rachis nodes in T368I and H369Y mutants but was arrested at the rachis node of the inoculated spikelet in wild-type plants. Taken together, our data reveal that UGT13248 confers type II resistance to FHB in barley via conjugation of DON to D3G.
Investigating the heterogeneity within the somatosensory-motor network and its relationship with the attention and default systems
Authors: Han Ziteng , Liu Tiantian , Shi Zhongyan , Zhang Jian , Suo Dingjie , Wang Li , Chen Duanduan , Wu Jinglong , Yan Tianyi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The somatosensory-motor network (SMN) not only plays an important role in primary somatosensory and motor processing but is also central to many disorders. However, the SMN heterogeneity related to higher-order systems still remains unclear. Here, we investigated SMN heterogeneity from multiple perspectives. To characterize the SMN substructures in more detail, we used ultra-high-field functional MRI to delineate a finer-grained cortical parcellation containing 430 parcels that is more homogenous than the state-of-the-art parcellation. We personalized the new parcellation to account for individual differences and identified multiscale individual-specific brain structures. We found that the SMN subnetworks showed distinct resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns. The Hand subnetwork was central within the SMN and exhibited stronger RSFC with the attention systems than the other subnetworks, whereas the Tongue subnetwork exhibited stronger RSFC with the default systems. This two-fold differentiation was observed in the temporal ordering patterns within the SMN. Furthermore, we characterized how the distinct attention and default streams were carried forward into the functions of the SMN using dynamic causal modeling and identified two behavioral domains associated with this SMN fractionation using meta-analytic tools. Overall, our findings provided important insights into the heterogeneous SMN organization at the system level and suggested that the Hand subnetwork may be preferentially involved in exogenous processes, whereas the Tongue subnetwork may be more important in endogenous processes.
A Comparative Study between Nebulized Ketamine, Nebulized Dexmedetomidine and Topical Lidocaine as Premedications for Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Pediatrics
Authors: Elsaid Amr Mohamed , Said Alfred Maurice , Shabana Tarek Samir , Elhawary Abdelhamid Ahmad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy remains an invaluable tool in the evaluation and management of infant and pediatric respiratory disease. Anesthetic strategies in pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy should aim at minimizing respiratory complications as oxygen desaturation, hypoxemia, cough, bronchospasm and airway trauma.

Objective
To compare between the efficacy and safety of nebulized ketamine, nebulized dexmedetomidine and topical lidocaine as premedication for flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatrics regarding the incidence of moderate to severe cough.

Patients and Methods
This prospective randomized clinical study was conducted in Ain shams University, Pediatric endoscopy unit on 186 children aged 2 to 8 years and classified according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II and scheduled for flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (either diagnostic or therapeutic). The included patients were divided into 3 equal groups. Group D (Dexmedetomidine group) received nebulized dexmedetomidine 30 minutes before procedure (2 mic/kg), Group K (Ketamine group) received nebulized ketamine 30 minutes before procedure (2 mg/kg), and Group L (lidocaine group) received topical lidocaine 2% (3 mg/kg).

Results
Mean heart rate was insignificantly different at baseline among the three groups. Heart rate before induction, 15 minutes after induction and in PACU was significantly lower in group D compared with group K and group L (P &lt; 0.001) and significantly higher in group K compared with group L (P &lt; 0.001). Mean arterial blood pressure at baseline, before induction, 15 minutes after induction, and in PACU were insignificantly different among the three groups. Mean propofol requirements in group L were significantly higher compared with group D, and group K (p &lt; 0.001) but insignificantly different between group D and group K.

Conclusion
Incidence of moderate to severe cough was less with nebulized dexmedtomidine and nebulized ketamine compared with topical lidocaine. There were no significant differences between nebulized dexmedtomidine and nebulized ketamine with regards to the incidence of moderate to severe cough. There was an insignificant difference between dexmedetomidine and ketamine in the incidence of moderate to severe cough, but it was significantly different between dexmedetomidine and lidocaine, and group ketamine and group lidocaine.
Study of the Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Inhaled Milrinone versus Inhaled Nitroglycerin on Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension after Mitral Valve Replacement Surgeries
Authors: Sultan Sherif Sayed Ali , Mostafa Wafaa El-Sayed Ismael , El-Komos Samaan Paula Micheal , Hassan Ahmed Kamel Abdel Ghany , Saeed Ahmed Sarhan Farag 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary hypertension is a usual complication of long-standing mitral valve disease. Perioperative pulmonary hypertension is a risk factor for right ventricular failure and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing mitral valve surgery.

Aim of the Work
To compare inhaled milrinone and inhaled nitroglycerin hemodynamic effects on mechanically ventilated patients with pulmonary hypertension after mitral valve replacement surgery by measuring invasive blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure and bedside transthoracic echocardiography to assess pulmonary artery pressure.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted in National Heart Institute, Giza, Egypt during the six months between October, 2020 and March, 2021. This study was conducted on 40 patients. Patients were randomized on the basis of computer-generated random numbers into two equal groups (20 patients each) Using PASS11 program for sample size calculation. In group A, patients received inhaled nitroglycerin (50 µ/kg) and in group B, patients received inhaled milrinone (50 µ/kg) through jet nebulizer.

Results
Both inhaled milrinone and inhaled nitroglycerin proved to be selective pulmonary vasodilators, since they induced significant reductions in mPAP, SPAP, and DPAP. The favorable effects of both agents on the pulmonary vasculature was confirmed by both hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements. At the same time, both agents were devoid of systemic side effects, since mean arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure were not affected.

Conclusion
There was no significance between two groups, so inhaled nitroglycerin appears to be an effective, easy to administer, inexpensive, available and save alternative for treatment of PH in mechanically ventilated patients after mitral valve replacement surgeries as there was no significance between two groups.
Ketofol Infusion versus Isoflurane as Maintenance of Anesthesia on Hemodynamics in Radical Cystectomy Operation
Authors: Amir Mina Noshy , Nasr Nermin Sadek , Anis Sherif George , Emam Dalia Fahmy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
radical cystectomy is a major operation where bleeding from sacral plexus during dissection of the bladder may occurs leading to hemodynamic instability and organ ischemia due to hypo perfusion. So using anesthetic drugs that provide hemodynamic stability will decrease intraoperative and post-operative morbidity and ICU and hospital stay.

Objectives
The Aim of this study is to compare the effect of anesthetic agent ketofol infusion versus isoflurane inhalation on hemodynamics in maintenance of anesthesia in radical cystectomy operation as a primary outcome and recovery time as a secondary outcome.

Methods and material
This prospective randomized clinical trial study was conducted in Ain Shams University hospital after approval of the anesthesia department and the local ethics and research committee over 6 months and after obtaining a written informed consent. Sixty patients underwent radical cystectomy were included in the study their ages range between 50 and 70 years old and classified as ASA I and II, III. The patients were randomly divided using computer generated randomization into two groups 30 patients in each (n = 30), Group I received isoflurane inhalation while group K received Ketofol infusion.

Results
this study demonstrated that maintenance of anesthesia by ketofol infusion provides more hemodynamic stability with maintaining of blood pressure and heart rate rather than isoflurane inhalation.

Conclusions
We conclude that maintenance of anesthesia with ketofol infusion provides more hemodynamic stability and least intraoperative and postoperative morbidity than isoflurane inhalation in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.
Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Post-Operative Pain Management after Open Appendectomy
Authors: Abo-EL Ela Sahar Kamal , Nofal Walid Hamed , Haggag Adham Magdy , Samee Mohamed Ayoub Abdel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been used for post-operative pain relief in various abdominal surgeries as part of the multimodal analgesic approach. It creates satisfactory somatic analgesia with insignificant or no visceral blockade.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided trans-muscular QLB compared with TAP block during appendectomy surgery and in the early postoperative period regarding pain relief, provision of comfort, and improved respiratory functions.

Patients and Methods
After approval of anesthesiology department scientific and ethical committees in Ain Shams University Hospitals, patients were included in the study, and were divided into two groups (n = 25; each); group QLB and group TAP. Group QLB: Patients (n = 25) of this group received right side ultrasound-guided QLB after induction of general anesthesia using 0.2 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%. Group TAP: Patients (n = 25) of this group received right side ultrasoundguided TAP block after induction of general anesthesia using 0.2 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%.

Results
The study's results show the differences in the analgesic efficacy between US guided QL block & TAP block which are as follow: The patient group that had TAP block as analgesia for appendectomy require higher level of analgesia post op, this can be explained by the fact that the average MBP of this group is predominently higher than in QL group, as well as SBP & DBP differences are evident & higher in TAP block group. The patients HR as a response to pain is significantly high in TAP block group. This was clearly reflected on the time for the first time analgesia needed postoperative, the TAB block group needs analgesia faster & needs more doses of Pethidine. The VAS score is also higher in QL group.

Conclusion
Quadratus lumborum block was more effective technique in providing analgesia after appendectomy in comparison to transversus abdominis plane block and even more time covering to rescue opioid.
Off Pump CABG Improves Postoperative Incidence of Coagulopathy Compared with CABG on Pump
Authors: Hammad Mohamed Ibrahim Moustafa , Foad El-Bokl Fekry , Eltaher Walid Mohamed Abd -Elmigeed , Shorbagy Mohamed Sied 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery bypass grafting remains the standard treatment for patients with extensive coronary artery disease. Coronary surgery without use of cardiopulmonary bypass avoids the deleterious systemic inflammatory effects of the extracorporeal circuit. However there is an ongoing debate surrounding the clinical outcomes after on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB versus OPCAB) grafting surgery.

Aim of the Work
To compare the incidence of postoperative coagulopathy transfusion of blood product therapy, (Packed RBCs, FFP and platelet concentrate) bleeding (amount of blood in chest tube drains) and reexploration, that occur in adults off pump CABG surgery in comparison to on pump CABG.

Patients and Methods
We enrolled sixty consecutive adult patients scheduled for isolated CABG surgery (with a median sternotomy) with or without cardiopulmonary bypass pump. The patients are allocated in two groups where thirty patients in each group (group A – On pump – ONCAB- conventional surgery) and (group B – Off pump – OPCAB – beating heart) after obtaining their written informed consent.

Results
The clinical outcome measure was the incidence of bleeding in group B less than group A. In our study there was highly significant increase in the amount of blood in drains, transfusion requirements and need for re-exploration within twenty four hours after surgery in group A than group B.

Conclusion
We concluded that off pump cardiac surgery is better than on pump procedure in decreasing risk of bleeding, post-operative transfusion requirements and risk of re-exploration.
A Comparative Study of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block versus Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Analgesia following Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Ali Naglaa Mohamed , Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed Elsayd , Helal Nada Mousa Osman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Operations rate increased those days and postoperative pain control. The goal of postoperative pain management is provision of comfort, early mobilization and improved respiratory function without causing inadequate sedation and respiratory compromise, which can be achieved through using multimodal analgesic therapy, preference for regional techniques, avoidance of sedatives, non-invasive ventilation with supplemental oxygen and early mobilization.

Aim of the Work
This work aims to compare the efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block versus Quadratus Lumborum 2 (QL 2) Block on postoperative period regarding pain control, total opioid given in the first 24-hour post-operative, VAS score and first time to ask for analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.

Patients and Methods
After approval of the anesthesiology department and scientific and ethical committees, this Randomized controlled trial study was conducted in Ain Shams University Hospitals. Forty patients scheduled for elective lower abdominal surgeries were included in this study. The patients' age was ranged from 21 to 65 years and with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class-I and II. At the end of the surgery, patients were randomized using a random number table and the use of a closed envelopes technique to receive either quadratus lumborum block (Group QLB), or TAP (transversus abdominis plane) block (Group TAP), each group constitutes of 20 patients.

Results
In this study, the effect of quadratus lumborum block and transversus abdominis plane block result of decreased incidence and severity of postoperative pain (VAS) resulting in decrease in incidence and degree of sedation and opioid total requirement. The present study showed that the quadratus lumborum block was more efficient than the tansversus abdominis plane block. The first rescue for analgesia (pethidine), total pethidine consumption and pain scores (visual analog scale) indicated that the superiority of the QL block technique affected the TAP block technique. The patients of group TAB had higher pain scores and were the first to ask for rescue analgesia; therefore, they had highest total pethidine consumption in the first 24 hours postoperatively in comparison to patients of group QLB. This is mainly due to the extension of the local anesthetic agent beyond the transverse abdominal plane to the thoracic paravertebral space, which then results in more analgesia, even somatic and visceral pain control.

Conclusion
Quadratus lumborum block was the most effective technique in providing analgesia after lower abdominal surgeries in comparison to transversus abdominis plane block and even more time covering to rescue opioid.
Impact of High Glucose on Sorafenib Resistance in HepG2 Cell Lines
Authors: Esawie Mohammed Sayed , Ali Hebatalla Said , Louka Manal Louis , Hasanin Amany Helmy Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Sorafenib is an FDA approved chemotherapeutic against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), yet associated with various resistance mechanisms. The role of high glucose status on sorafenib action is still to be elucidated. This study clarifies such interaction; taking HepG2 cell lines as HCC models, MALAT1 and H19 as molecular players. Methodology: HepG2 cell lines were purchased and classified into 8 groups. High glucose status was set by using D-glucose (33 mM) with insulin (1 µM). Mannitol (27.5 mM) was used as a negative osmotic control. Two concentrations of sorafenib were prepared; 15 µM and 20 µM. All experiments were carried out in triplicates. Cellular viability was assessed with MTT viability assay. Then, with trypan blue viability assay, the results were double checked and HepG2 morphology was examined by optical microscopy. MALAT1 and H19 RQs were assessed by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software.

Results
In comparison with sorafenib impact on HepG2, high glucose status drops cellular viability to 72.89% (p &lt; 0.01). Similar outcomes occur with hyperosmolar mannitol, it decreases cellular viability to 83.13% (p &lt; 0.001). Regarding the molecular impact, hyperosmolar mannitol with sorafenib elevates both MALAT1 and H19. Yet, high glucose status elevates MALAT1 and declines H19 (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.001 for MALAT1 and H19 comparisons respectively).

Conclusion
High glucose settings sensitize HepG2 to the cytotoxic impact of sorafenib and so does mannitol. This could attribute the impact of high glucose status to the hyperosmolar stress it induces on HepG2. Mannitol is recommended for further confirmatory studies either as a separate therapeutic or as an adjuvant to sorafenib.
The Efficacy of Corticosteroids in the Management of Tietze Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: El-sayed Hany Hassan , Ismail Ihab Abdel-Razik , Ibrahim Mohamad Abdel-Gayed , Warda Ali Mohamad Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
So far there are no clinical trials in the literature discussing the methods of treatment of Tietze‟s syndrome. Particularly, conservative methods of treatment are used, which include pain management using analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Oral corticosteroids offer a safe and effective treatment modality that is proven to be useful in a significant number of chest wall syndromes such as Sternoclavicular arthritis, Painful xiphoid syndrome, Costovertebral arthritis, and Slipping rib syndrome as well as conditions arising from ligament and tendon diathesis.

Objective
To use oral Corticosteroids in management of patients with Tietze syndrome at Ain shams university hospitals‟ cardiothoracic department and measuring the outcome randomly compared with the conventional NSAIDs to achieve the best outcome and quality of life.

Methods
This study included 40 patients who were diagnosed clinically as Tietze Syndrome at Ain Shams University Hospitals-cardiothoracic department in the duration between August 2020 till March 2022 with age ranging from 14 to 45 years and were sorted randomly. Two groups of patients were chosen and matched randomly as „Control arm‟ and „Interventional arm‟. The control group received the conventional NSAIDs (in the form of 50 mg of diclofenac potassium as „cataflam‟ twice daily) and the Interventional group received oral corticosteroids (in the form of 20 mg of prednisolone as „solupred‟ twice daily).

Results
Our study suggested that in patients with moderate to severe chondritis diagnosed clinically as Tietze syndrome, a 3 week course of oral 40 mg prednisolone is superior to the conventional oral NSAIDs in alleviating pain and improving the quality of life which is evidenced by the decline in EQ-5D total score of patients receiving oral steroids at the end of the treatment course as well as during each week throughout the trial timeframe. A highly significant reduction in pain score demonstrated via NRS was evident in the steroid-treated group compared to the NSAIDs-treated group at the same time point.

Conclusion
Oral corticosteroids are effective and safe in non-responding, obstinate Tietze syndrome. The results were unexpectedly good, obtaining significant relief and an outstanding refinement in quality of life reported by patients receiving oral steoids. There is no widely accepted protocol for oral steroid usage in Tietze syndrome and similar chest wall pain syndromes. Some other studies propose surgery in such patients. We think that surgery is a troublesome intervention for the patient and his doctor as well.