bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion current density on the substrate during short-pulse HiPIMS
Authors: Oskirko V O , Kozhevnikov V Y , Rabotkin S V , Pavlov A P , Semenov V A , Solovyev A A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A probe method for measuring the ion current density and theoretical calculations of the dynamics of neutral and charged plasma particles using the ionization region model (IRM) is used to study short and ultra-short pulse high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). This paper studies reasons for the increase in the average ion current density on the substrate at shorter pulses, when the average discharge power does not change. HiPIMS pulses are applied to the copper target at constant values of average discharge power (1000 W) and peak current (150 А), respectively, while the pulse time of the discharge voltage ranges from 4 to 50 µs. A power supply with low output inductance is designed to generate ultra-short pulses. It is shown that shorter discharge pulses lead to a multiple growth (from 2 to 7 mA cm−2) in the average ion current density on the substrate and a growth in the peak intensity of Ar+, Cu+ and Cu2+ recorded by optical emission spectroscopy. A theoretical model of this effect is based on the spatially averaged IRM, which considers afterglow effects. According to theoretical calculations, the increase in the average ion current density on the substrate is determined by the plasma dissipation in the ionized region after the pulse ends. Also, a decrease in the copper deposition rate from 180 to 60 nm min−1 with decreasing pulse time from 40 to 4 µs is explored. A comparison of experimental data with those obtained earlier shows that the suggested dependences of the ion current density and deposition rate on the HiPIMS pulse time are typical for discharge systems with different cathode materials and configurations, i.e., for single- and dual-magnetron systems. This indicates a common nature of the phenomena observed and additionally confirms the results obtained.
A note on the entanglement entropy of primary fermion fields in JT gravity*
Authors: Guo Chang-Zhong , Gan Wen-Cong , Shu Fu-Wen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper we analyze and discuss 2D Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity coupled to primary fermion fields in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes. We obtain a particular solution of the massless Dirac field outside the extremal black hole horizon and find the solution for the dilaton in JT gravity. As two dimensional JT gravity spacetime is conformally flat, we calculate the two point correlators of primary fermion fields under the Weyl transformations. The primary goal of this work is to present a standard technique, called resolvent, rather than using CFT methods. We redefine the fields in terms of the conformal factor as fermion fields and use the resolvent technique to derive the renormalized entanglement entropy for massless Dirac fields in JT gravity.
Daily Activities of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Curiak Island, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan
Authors: Ciu Reinhard Marchiano , Jadi Arvendi Rachma , Kusindarta Dwi Liliek , Widayanti Rini , Wijayanto Hery 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the natural daily activity of proboscis monkeys in the Curiak Island, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. The observed behaviors include 1) rest, 2) eat, 3) groom, 4) agonistic, 5) vocalize, 6) play, and 7) movement. The observation method used was one of the Altmann method, named instantaneous scan sampling, each individual is observed with a short duration of 30-60 seconds followed by other individuals. The observation was divided into two times, morning and day, each time had 4,5 hours observed duration. The results showed highest activity of proboscis monkeys recorded during the six-day observation was resting, and the lowest was agonistic. The activity of proboscis monkeys was strongly influenced by the availability of food, protected trees, and threats on Curiak Island.
A Case Study of Pig Diseases in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Kristianingrum Yuli Purwandari , Sutrisno Bambang , Widyarini Sitarina , Sugiyono  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This report represented of pig diseases from the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia during 2018-2019. This research was done to describe the incidence rate of pig diseases and aimed to treat, prevent and control the pig diseases so as not to cause deaths, economic losses and prevention of disease to human (zoonoses). This study have been based on disease cases in Pathology Laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada (FKH UGM), the Special Region of Yogyakarta since 2018-2019. A total of 80 cases of pig diseases have been examined at the Pathology Laboratory of FKH UGM since 2018-2019. The result of data analysis showed that the highest infection was caused by bacterial infections, 48/80 (60%). The bacteria included Pasteurella sp., Salmonella sp., Bordetella sp., E.coli, and Actinobacillus sp.. Beside of bacteria, The infections were caused by parasite and viral infection. The case of parasite infection was 30/80 (37.5%), as Trichuris sp., Metastrongylus sp., Ascaris sp., and Eimeria sp. There was only two cases of viral infection, Clasical Swine Fewer. Generally, clinical signs of pigs were respiratory disorder, nasal discharge, cough, and weak. Pathological changes in cases of the disease included rhinitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, enteritis, and hepatitis. The conclusion of this study showed that the highest cases of pigs diseases in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was bacterial and parasitic infections. They caused pathological changes in various organs such as lung, intestine, nasal sinuse, trachea and hepar.
Development and Application of a Triplex PCR Assay for Detection of Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) Gene Infected Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Novita H , Jannah S N , Rukmi I , Setiadi  , Mutafariqoh A N , Sumiati T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) has been responsible for worldwide KHV disease (KHVD) outbreaks, resulting in high mortality rates, and has been reported in Cyprinus carpio cultivation. A Triplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-PCR) was developed for the detection of KHV gene to improve the diagnosis of KHV infection. Three sets of primers were designed targeting specific sequences of KHV gene which were frequently used in PCR assay for detecting KHV (modifications primer by Yuasa,290 bp; Gilad 484 bp, and TK, 409 bp) in once PCR running. The validity test was conducted by verified using DNA sample of Aeromonas hydrophila. Sensitivity test of singleplex and Triplex conducted by dilution. The result showed that T-PCR method using these pairs of primers is at 55 annealing temperature with consistency of T-PCR method has been repeated in triplicates, and with the same results. The validity test found that no band detected with A. hydrophila. This Triplex PCR-based assay may have useful for the clinical diagnosis tool of KHV disease.
Multiplex PCR detection of the classical enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus in humans and animal isolates
Authors: Purwanasari HN , Fitria N , Kusuma D , Aziz F , Widayanti R , Salasia S I O 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent bacterial causative agent of bovine mastitis and human food illness by secreting enterotoxins. This study aims to identify the seven classic Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes (SEA to SEH) isolated from humans and animals. A total of 173 human isolates and 14 mastitis (goat and cow) isolates were amplified with a 23S rRNA genes. The presence of classical enterotoxins genes (sea-seh) was amplified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR). Amplification of the SEs genes singly and in combination was observed from both isolates. Of 173 human isolates, the sec genes showed the highest prevalence of 112 isolates (65%), followed by the seh gene were 89 isolates (51%), 61 (35%) for seg gene and one (1%) for sea and see genes. The two genes in combination were also detected se (c, h), se (c, g), se (g, h)] and the three combination genes were se (c, g, h). Furthermore, all 14 animal isolates were positive for seh gene (100%), 11 (78%) for sec gene and 11 (78%) for combination se (c, h). Five classical enterotoxin genes (seh, sea, seg, sec, see) isolated from Staphylococcus aureus in humans were identified. Still, only seh and sec genes were identified from the animal origin. In the present study, identifying the genes encoding SE will contribute to recognize the prevalent of enterotoxins distribution among Staphylococcus aureus strains in samples of animals and human origin.
Nematode and Coccidia Infections in Singing Birds Kept in Bird Stalls
Authors: Salsabila N , Bekti N S , Widiyono I 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSinging birds are adored by so many people in the Special Region of Yogyakarta because of their beautiful voices. Even so, these birds have the possibility to carry endoparasitic infections, namely nematode and coccidia. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of nematode and coccidia infection in singing birds traded in bird stalls in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The singing birds were categorized into five feeding guilds, consisting of 19 herbivores, 19 granivores, 31 omnivores, 20 insectivores, and five carnivores. Thirty-seven birds kept in colony cages (eg. 4-6 birds of the same species in one cage) and 57 birds kept in individual cages were used in this study. Fresh faeces was sampled and transported in ice box to the laboratory for parasitological examination.Whitlockmethod was used to assess the presence of endoparasites. The incidence of endoparasites infection was analyzed descriptively. The result showed that 5.32% of the birds were infected by nematode and 30% by coccidia. Based on the cage systems, the incidence of nematode infection in the birds kept in the colony cage was 10.8%, whereas those in the individual cage was at the lower level of 1.8%. The incidence of coccidia infection in birds kept in colony and in individual cages was 35% and 26%, respectively. Based on the feeding guild categories, nematode infection was found in herbivores (10.5%), granivores (10.5%), and omnivores (3.2%). The coccidia infection was observed in herbivorous (47.4%), omnivorous (41.9%), granivorous (15.7%), and insectivorous (15%) birds. Maintenance management needs to be considered to prevent and eradicate endoparasites infection in singing birds kept individually or in colonies.
Aggressivity level of LTM (Macaca Fascicularis) and visitors’ perception in Tlogo Muncar Kaliurang, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi After Two Years of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Anugrah G Y , Kusindarta D L , Budipitojo T , Wijayanto H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Long-tailed macaque/LTM (Macaca fascicularis) has good interaction and adaptation ability, as we found in the Tlogo Muncar area, Kaliurang, Yogyakarta, which is accustomed to visitors. Often food provision by visitors allegedly increases the aggressiveness of LTMs. Three groups of macaques identified at Tlogo Muncar are Waterfall, Joglo Trubus, and Mushola group. The study aimed to understand visitors’ perceptions and the aggression level of LTM at Tlogo Muncar area, Merapi Mount National Park (Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi/TNGM) after two years of closure of the site caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Observations were conducted using the scan sampling method and continued by focal sampling. According to Wijayanto (2015), the aggressiveness of LTM is divided into four categories, aggressive level 1: dare to approach, potentially attack physically and steal goods or food from the front; aggressive level 2, steal goods or food from behind or side, aggressive level 3, steal goods or food when the visitor is off guard; and aggressive level 4, dare to approach when fed and only look for food waste in the dump. Observing visitors’ perceptions was conducted by randomly distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. The result showed that aggressive behaviour level 1 is generally carried out by adult male LTMs. However, aggressive behaviour observed is mainly aggressivity level 4. The questionnaire results indicate decreasing respondents’ understanding of the disease transmission from long-tailed monkeys to humans compared to the 2021 questionnaire result. However, most visitors agreed that the interaction between humans and LTMs should be limited to a specific location within the area.
The Benefit of Enrichment Application on Animals in Captivity
Authors: Kusumaningsih P , Rosiana I W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The application of enrichment in captive animals is important to concern, because it is related to health status. Boredom, lack of activity and stress are often found in captive animals. This situation creates unbalancing in the regulation of metabolism, hormones, and the immune system. This imbalance results in behavioral changes, reproductive disorders and diseases. This condition is certainly bring loss to captivity, especially for conservation purposes. Enrichment can be applied in feeding, social interactive and olfactory activities. All activities are made similar as their habitat and behavior in nature. Giving enrichment will makes transformation in behavior and activities such as sniffing, rolling, scratching, chewing and using their mind to search for food and recognize smells. This activity will prevent obesity, abnormal nail growth and dental caries. Prevents the animals from licking their fur which can cause digestive and skin disorders. Prevents plugging, aggressive behavior, repetitive behavior, regurgitation, and re-ingestion. In conclusion, the application of enrichment in captive animals will reduce cortisol secretion which is associated with stress levels that can affect to reproductive and the immune system.
Population Estimation and Identification of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) Group at Tlogo Muncar Tourism Area, Mount Merapi National Park, After Two Years Closure Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bernathirdin A N H , Wijayanto H , Kusindarta D L , Budipitojo T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis is one of the most common primates in Indonesia. In Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the long-tailed macaque is habituated in Merapi Forest. The study aims to estimate the long-tailed macaque population and re-identification of groups. Moreover, we will observe the social structures that probably changed because of the interruption of interaction with visitors after the closure of the Tlogo Muncar area during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimation population study was done using the concentration method. The long-tailed macaque group in Tlogo Muncar consists of three groups: Waterfalls, Mosque, and Joglo Trubus. The study was also identifying the alpha male of each group. The dataset obtained was processed using Microsoft Excel and analyzed descriptively. The results show that the estimated long-tailed macaque population in Tlogo Muncar area is 282 individuals. Alpha male identification of each group found alpha males in the Waterfall Group characterized by a lump on the left eyelid and a wound on the left hand. The alpha male of the Mosque Group is marked by a lump on his left eyelid with maxillary prognathism, while the alpha male of the Joglo Trubus Group has transverse scratches on the nose. The results showed an increase in the long-tailed macaque population in Tlogo Muncar area from 201 individuals in 2021 to 282 individuals in 2022. The increase of ecological pressure perhaps caused the rise in population number in 2022 during the closure of the area, to which the adult female responded by increasing their reproduction rate. The reopening of Tlogo Muncar after the Covid-19 pandemic has increased feed availability and attracted monkeys to forage outside the forest.
Plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal integrity of fresh and frozen Bali bull semen based on different ejaculate volume
Authors: Bahmid N A , Jamil N I , Yusuf O D P , Farida S , Gustina S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Semen volume is one of the measuring points used to determine the quality of a bull’s semen in one ejaculate. Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI) and Acrosomal Integrity (AI) are more detailed microscopic examinations and are used to determine the ability of spermatozoa to fertilize. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PMI and AI of fresh and frozen semen of Bali bull based on different ejaculate volumes. This research was conducted in March-April at Artificial Insemination Centre (AIC) in Pucak, South Sulawesi. The method used in this study was an experimental method with 4 treatments of ejaculate volume 1-3 ml; 3.1-5 ml; 5.1-7 ml; and 7.1-9 ml for 3 replicates each. The observed variables were PMI and AI. The results showed that the volume variation had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the PMI and AI values of fresh Bali cattle semen, as well as post-thawing frozen semen. The average percentage of PMI in fresh semen was 63.49±1.46% and post thawing was 37.66±2.82%, while the average AI percentage for fresh semen was 73.17±2.06% and post thawing was 50.92±2.64%. The conclusion of this study is the volume of ejaculate does not affect the plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal integrity of Bali cattle semen, both fresh and frozen.
A small legged robot for inspection purposes
Authors: Dębogórski Błażej , Fiedeń Mateusz , Szrek Jarosław , Wodecki Jacek 
Published: June 2023

Streszczenie
The paper deals with mobile robots with special emphasis on walking robots. A review of applications of particular types of mobile robots in various applications has been carried out. The validity of the use of walking robots in inspection tasks has been analyzed. A list of commercially available solutions has been presented and their parameters compared. A concept of a miniature walking robot for inspection tasks requiring operation in a confined space has been proposed. The design of the prototype, the structural solutions used, the system diagram and the structure of the control algorithms are presented. Conclusions and observations on the design process are presented. A set of modifications and solutions enabling the application of the robot in real inspection conditions have been proposed. The validity of the presented concept has been analyzed.
Large underground structures geometry evaluation based on point cloud data analysis
Authors: Wróblewski Adam , Wodecki Jacek , Trybała Paweł , Zimroz Radoslaw 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As a result of underground exploitation performed by blasting technique or mechanical excavation large underground structures are created. Usually, due to the mining and geological conditions of the exploitation, obtained excavations geometry may be far from this assumed at the design stage. The geometry of the excavations is of key importance in several important stages of the technological process. Taking into account economic issues, deviations from the planned cross-section of the excavation generate additional, often considerable operating costs. If the cross-sectional area is greater than the assumed one, the ore may be impoverished, since the dimensions of mining faces are usually following the dimensions of the deposit zone. On the other hand, when the cross-sectional area is smaller than assumed, to maintain the proper operation of the mining plant, it is necessary to re-cut the excavation. It is particularly important from a mine ventilation point of view, as it generates problems in supplying adequate amounts of air to work areas, as well as transport, causing a significant problem for moving machines. Underground mine workings tend to change over time as a result of processes taking place in the rock mass aimed at establishing a new stress and strain state of rock mass after the excavation has been made. Considering the extent of underground mining structures, there is a need to develop a method that would allow the assessment of the geometry of workings, both newly created and existing ones, with the assumption of quick acquisition of measurement data, their processing, and analysis. Addressing those needs, in this paper, the authors are presenting a method based on a 3D point cloud of excavation geometry obtained thanks to measurements with the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanner/LiDAR, the procedure used to convert the point cloud into a spatial model of excavations, as well as data processing procedures used to extract informative parameters describing the geometry. Several statistical parameters are proposed for feature analysis along the tunnel length.
On Shadowing Effects in the Flow around the Group of Circular Cylinders in the Geotechnical Applications
Authors: Zinchenko Andrii , Krot Pavlo , Baiul Kostiantyn , Wróblewski Adam , Banasiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the presented study is to investigate the influence of the distance between three infinite circular cylinders in a tandem group on their aerodynamic coefficients and the general flow pattern. The questions of the numerical simulation of viscous incompressible flow around a group of cylinders in the tandem arrangement are considered. The numerical study of the flow around the group of cylinders is based on unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The results are presented as a visualization of the instantaneous flow parameters and the dependencies of the averaged drag coefficients on the distance between the cylinders. Following the previous investigations, the flow parameters were chosen in a little-studied range, corresponding to the Reynolds number of 120 for a standalone cylinder. The distances between the centers of neighboring cylinders ranged from 1.1 to 6.0 cylinder diameters. Three characteristic flow patterns are distinguished depending on the distance between the cylinders. The first one is a steady-state flow similar to the flow around the standalone cylinder. This flow pattern is formed when the distance between the cylinders is less than three diameters. Increasing the distance between the centers up to four diameters produces the second flow pattern. The vortex street is formed behind the group while the flow between the cylinders remains steady. Further increasing the distance between the cylinders causes the formation of the third pattern when the flow between the cylinders becomes unsteady as well. The averaged drag coefficients for each cylinder in the group are obtained. The presented work helps better to understand the flow structure around the group of cylinders and can be used at the design stage in various engineering applications, including cooling towers, heat exchanger tubes, chimney stacks, marine platforms, and high-rise buildings.