bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen use strategy drives interspecific differences in plant photosynthetic CO2 acclimation
Authors: Cui Erqian , Xia Jianyang , Luo Yiqi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRising atmospheric CO2 concentration triggers an emergent phenomenon called plant photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 (PAC). PAC is often characterized by a reduction in leaf photosynthetic capacity (Asat), which varies dramatically along the continuum of plant phylogeny. However, it remains unclear whether the mechanisms responsible for PAC are also different across plant phylogeny, especially between gymnosperms and angiosperms. Here, by compiling a dataset of 73 species, we found that although leaf Asat increased significantly from gymnosperms to angiosperms, there was no phylogenetic signal in the PAC magnitude along the phylogenetic continuum. Physio‐morphologically, leaf nitrogen concentration (Nm), photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency (PNUE), and leaf mass per area (LMA) dominated PAC for 36, 29, and 8 species, respectively. However, there was no apparent difference in PAC mechanisms across major evolutionary clades, with 75% of gymnosperms and 92% of angiosperms regulated by the combination of Nm and PNUE. There was a trade‐off between Nm and PNUE in driving PAC across species, and PNUE dominated the long‐term changes and inter‐specific differences in Asat under elevated CO2. These findings indicate that nitrogen‐use strategy drives the acclimation of leaf photosynthetic capacity to elevated CO2 across terrestrial plant species.
Observed and projected functional reorganization of riverine fish assemblages from global change
Authors: Woods Taylor , Freeman Mary C. , Krause Kevin P. , Maloney Kelly O. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate and land‐use/land‐cover change (“global change”) are restructuring biodiversity, globally. Broadly, environmental conditions are expected to become warmer, potentially drier (particularly in arid regions), and more anthropogenically developed in the future, with spatiotemporally complex effects on ecological communities. We used functional traits to inform Chesapeake Bay Watershed fish responses to future climate and land‐use scenarios (2030, 2060, and 2090). We modeled the future habitat suitability of focal species representative of key trait axes (substrate, flow, temperature, reproduction, and trophic) and used functional and phylogenetic metrics to assess variable assemblage responses across physiographic regions and habitat sizes (headwaters through large rivers). Our focal species analysis projected future habitat suitability gains for carnivorous species with preferences for warm water, pool habitats, and fine or vegetated substrates. At the assemblage level, models projected decreasing habitat suitability for cold‐water, rheophilic, and lithophilic individuals but increasing suitability for carnivores in the future across all regions. Projected responses of functional and phylogenetic diversity and redundancy differed among regions. Lowland regions were projected to become less functionally and phylogenetically diverse and more redundant while upland regions (and smaller habitat sizes) were projected to become more diverse and less redundant. Next, we assessed how these model‐projected assemblage changes 2005–2030 related to observed time‐series trends (1999–2016). Halfway through the initial projecting period (2005–2030), we found observed trends broadly followed modeled patterns of increasing proportions of carnivorous and lithophilic individuals in lowland regions but showed opposing patterns for functional and phylogenetic metrics. Leveraging observed and predicted analyses simultaneously helps elucidate the instances and causes of discrepancies between model predictions and ongoing observed changes. Collectively, results highlight the complexity of global change impacts across broad landscapes that likely relate to differences in assemblages' intrinsic sensitivities and external exposure to stressors.
Unpacking (un)conscious social class bias in faculty hiring processes in Chile: PhD prestige granting university and network
Authors: Chiappa Roxana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial class of origin is apparently an imperceptible attribute among doctorate holders seeking academic jobs. Yet, recent studies in different countries reveal that social class of origin may still be influencing the chances of PhD holders from low social class being hired at prestigious universities. Drawing from the theory of social and cultural reproduction, normative ‘fair’ academic hirings frameworks, and qualitative evidence collected in Chile, this research identifies the mechanisms that trigger (un)conscious social class bias in the stages of recruitment and selection of candidates in seven academic departments in economics and industrial engineering (46 interviews). Findings did not prove explicit classism manifestations, but practices of inclusion/exclusion of candidates based on the prestige of PhD‐granting universities, and networks. These reproduce the relationship between social class and unequal chances of being connected to prestigious universities. Recommendations to address (un)conscious social class bias in academic hiring are discussed.
NOSTALGIA AND (PRE‐)MODERNITY
Authors: Skoda Hannah 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThis article argues that, in the fourteenth century, there was a wave of nostalgia that was provoked by extreme structural change: this was a moment of demographic catastrophe (with famine and plague), endemic warfare, economic fluctuation, intensified urbanization, and intellectual and spiritual novelties. Yet scholars from a range of disciplines have assumed that nostalgia and modernity are intimately connected. Given these framings of nostalgia as a modern phenomenon, this article seeks to explore the implications of premodern nostalgia. It begins by setting out the arguments for the intertwining of nostalgia and modernity. Some have argued that modernity brings a sense of rupture and that this produces nostalgia. Others, relatedly, have argued that modernity seems to speed up our experience of time and that this produces a nostalgia for a slower‐paced and more predictable past. I juxtapose these arguments with evidence of fourteenth‐century outpourings of nostalgia across a range of contexts in England, Italy, and France. I analyze examples of nostalgia in political contexts (both radical and reactionary), nostalgia for apparently lost economic orders, nostalgia for a lost set of chivalric values, and nostalgia for disrupted social orders. I then suggest that these fourteenth‐century manifestations of nostalgia were actually produced by precisely the features of the period that are usually deemed to be exclusive to modernity: it was rapid, rupturing structural change that provoked nostalgic regret. Nostalgia, then, would seem to indicate that there are features of the fourteenth century that might be deemed modern. However, rather than simply trying to therefore push back the moment of the birth of modernity, I argue that nostalgia is indicative of the problems of periodization. The presence of nostalgia across epochs—these echoes across the webs of time—suggest that lines of periodization, birthing moments, need to be treated with extreme caution. And it is appropriate that such a reminder should come from a phenomenon such as nostalgia, which is, after all, about resonances and echoes across time—resonances that are amplified, distorted, whispered even, but that all challenge and complicate any straightforward sense of either linear or cyclical time.
Community gardens and urban agriculture: Healthy environment/healthy citizens
Authors: Zutter Cynthia , Stoltz Ashley 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudies are showing that urban community gardening can improve people's psychological and physiological health in myriad ways. Community gardens increase social capital, provide opportunities for altruism, and create accessible and sustainable food sources in urban environments. The purpose of this study was to explore the mental, social, and physical health benefits of participation in an urban community garden in Edmonton, Canada. A focused ethnography was conducted with surveys and semi‐structured interviews. Surveys were sent to volunteers and customers of the Green and Gold Garden (GGG). This was followed by focus group interviews with eight volunteers and four customers. The interview format comprised open‐ended questions that encouraged participants to share their perceptions of the health and well‐being benefits from being at the GGG. Data were coded via inductive coding, and subsequently categorized into themes via an iterative, reflective process. Four health‐related themes were generated from thematic analysis: physical health, social health, mental/emotional health, and connection to the global community. Spending time at the GGG improved the respondents' mental health, even during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as they reported feelings of altruism, serenity, and connection with nature. Their social health was improved through gathering with other garden members in a sheltered urban green space within the city limits. This study supports the idea that participation in an urban community garden confers health benefits and engenders a greater awareness of, and appreciation for, the local environment and expands one's scope of care to incorporate planetary health.
B4C‒TiB2 composite with modified microstructure and enhanced properties from optimal size coupling of raw powders
Authors: Zhao Jun , Fang Zheyu , Jin Xing , Wang Dong , Ding Xiang , Ran Songlin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractB4C‒15 vol% TiB2 composites were fabricated by in situ reactive spark plasma sintering with B4C, TiC, and amorphous B powders as the raw materials. The size coupling of initial B4C and TiC particles was optimized based on the reaction mechanism to derive B4C‒TiB2 composites with enhanced microstructure and properties. During the reactive sintering, fine B4C–TiB2 particles were firstly formed by an in situ reaction between TiC and B. Then, large B4C particles tended to grow at the cost of small B4C particles. The in situ TiB2 grains gradually grew up and interconnect, distributing around the large B4C grains to form an intergranular TiB2 network. The results showed that the B4C‒15 vol% TiB2 composite prepared from 3.12 μm B4C powder and 0.80 μm TiC powder had the optimal comprehensive properties, with a relative density of 99.50%, a Vickers hardness of 31.84 GPa, a flexural strength of 780 MPa, a fracture toughness of 5.77 MPa·m1/2, as well as an electrical resistivity of 3.01 × 10−2 Ω·cm.
Traditional Chinese medicine for frozen shoulder: An evidence‐based guideline
Authors: Qin Xiaokuan , Sun Kai , Ao Yingfang , Liu Jianping , Wang Mei , Deng Qiang , Zhong Weihong , liu Jun , Sun Shaoqiu , Liu Xiangdi , Shi Bin , Guan Xuefeng , Du Shuangqing , Zou Jun , Wu Chengliang , Chen Feng , Fang Yigong , Nie Xiaoyan , Mo Wen , Guo Jiayi , Zhang Yili , Dong Yan , Wei Xu , Zhu Liguo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrozen shoulder is a common disorder that can lead to long‐lasting impairment in shoulder‐related daily activities. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the effort to manage frozen shoulder.PurposeWe aimed to develop an evidence‐based guideline for treating frozen shoulder with traditional Chinese medicine.Study designEvidence‐based guideline.MethodsWe developed this guideline based on internationally recognized and accepted guideline standards. The guideline development group used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to rate the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendations. The benefits and harms, resources, accessibility, and other factors were fully taken into account, and the GRADE grid method was used to reach consensus on all recommendations.ResultsWe established a multidisciplinary guideline development panel. Based on a systematic literature search and a face‐to‐face meeting, nine clinical questions were identified. Finally, twelve recommendations were reached by consensus, comprehensively considering the balance of benefits and harms, certainty of evidence, costs, clinical feasibility, accessibility, and clinical acceptability.ConclusionThis guideline panel made twelve recommendations, which covered the use of manual therapy, acupuncture, needle knife, Cheezheng Xiaotong plaster, Gutong plaster, exercise therapy and integrated TCM and Western medicine, such as combined modalities and corticosteroid injections. Most of them were weakly recommended or consensus based. The users of this guideline are most likely to be clinicians and health administrators.
Spatial competition with demand uncertainty: A laboratory experiment
Authors: Bonein Aurélie , Turolla Stéphane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotivated by recent research on product differentiation, we conduct laboratory experiments to study how demand uncertainty influences firms' incentives to differentiate. We ground our experiment on a discrete version of the standard location‐then‐price game introduced by Hotelling (1929), and we consider different levels of demand uncertainty. We first derive the game equilibrium assuming risk‐neutral firms, and obtain the standard prediction that a high level of demand uncertainty generates more differentiation. Second, we extend the analysis to consider non‐risk neutral firms and markets with asymmetric risk profiles. We show that the game equilibrium can differ substantially according to the attitude to risk. Third, we compare our predictions with the experimental data and find that demand uncertainty acts as a differentiation force in the context of both symmetric markets composed of risk‐neutral or risk‐lover subjects and asymmetric markets. We find support also for the agglomeration effect arising from demand uncertainty for sufficiently risk‐averse subjects. Overall, these results might explain the opposite product differentiation strategies frequently observed in markets with fast‐evolving tastes (i.e., minimum or maximum differentiation). Finally, the data confirm that subjects differentiate to relax price competition and provide evidence of a strong positive relationship between differentiation and prices.
Influence of immediate postoperative gingival thickness and gingival margin position on the outcomes of root coverage therapy: A 6 months prospective case series study using 3D digital measuring methods
Authors: Blasi Gonzalo , Vilarrasa Javi , Abrahamian Lory , Monje Alberto , Nart José , Pons Ramón 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo assess linear and volumetric changes following the treatment of gingival recessions (GRs) by means of a modified coronally advanced tunnel technique combined with acellular dermal matrix (MTUN + ADM).Materials and MethodsPatients presenting GR type 1 (RT1) GRs underwent root coverage surgery consisting of MTUN + ADM. Clinical measurements were made, and intraoral scans were obtained at baseline, postoperatively, and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after surgery, to evaluate changes in probing depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), recession depth (RD), recession area (RA), marginal gingival thickness (MGT), and mucosal volume (MV). The impact of patient‐level and surgical‐site variables upon percentage root coverage (% RC) and the likelihood of achieving complete root coverage (CRC) were explored.ResultsA total of 20 patients (n = 47 teeth) were treated. After 6 months, RD and RA decreased, while KTW, MGT, and MV increased. The mean % RC was 93% at 6 months and CRC was found on 72.3% of the sites at 6 months. The postoperative MGT changes at 1.5 and 3 mm were significantly correlated to % RC and CRC at 6 months. Each additional mm of postoperative gain of gingival thickness resulted in a 4‐fold increase in the probability of achieving CRC. Additionally, gingival margin positioned ≥0.5 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction immediately after surgery was a strong predictor of CRC.ConclusionsThe MGT gain at 1.5 and 3 mm achieved in the immediate postoperative period is a significant predictor of CRC at 6 months when treating multiple GRs via MTUN + ADM.Clinical SignificanceThe Scientific rationale for the study relies on the lack of 3D digital measuring tools in the assessment of soft tissue healing dynamics after root coverage therapy. The principal findings of this study can be summarized as follows: tooth type, tooth position, and post‐operative gingival margin position and gingival thickness and volume changes are predictors of CRC. Therefore, the practical implications are that the more thickness and more coronal advancement achieved immediately after root coverage surgery, the higher chance of achieving CRC.
Effects of short‐term motor training on accuracy and precision of simple jaw and finger movements after orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery: A case‐control study
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Hou Wei , Gu Jingke , Chen Wenjing , Wang Kelun , Svensson Peter , Yan Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrthognathic surgery has been performed with increasing frequency for the treatment of severe malocclusion, yet the postsurgical neuromuscular recovery of patients has been inadequately studied.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of short‐term and simple jaw motor training on accuracy and precision of jaw motor control in patients following orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery.MethodsTwenty patients who had completed preoperative orthodontics, 20 patients who had undergone bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and 20 age‐and‐gender‐matched healthy controls participated in the study. Participants were asked to perform 10 continuous jaw opening and finger lifting movements before and after a 30‐min motor training session. The variability in the amplitude of these simple movements was expressed as percentage in relation to the target position (accuracy – Daccu) and as coefficient of variation (precision – CVprec) to describe the motor performance. Furthermore, the changes in amplitude before and after training were measured in percentage.ResultsDaccu and CVprec of simple jaw and finger movements significantly decreased after motor training (p ≤ .018) in all groups. The relative changes in finger movements were higher than jaw movements (p < .001) but with no differences among the groups (p ≥ .247).ConclusionBoth accuracy and precision of simple jaw and finger movements improved after short‐term motor training in all three groups, demonstrating the inherent potential for optimization of novel motor tasks. Finger movements improved more than jaw movements but with no differences between groups, suggesting that changes in occlusion and craniofacial morphology are not associated with impaired neuroplasticity or physiological adaptability of jaw motor function.
Clinical outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with acute coronary syndrome in relation to hyperuricemia status
Authors: Zhao Xuedong , Li Siyi , Wang Xiao , Fan Jingyao , Ai Hui , Que Bin , Yan Yan , Zhang Zekun , Wang Ge , Gong Wei , Nie Shaoping 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe clinical outcome of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with acute coronary syndrome in relation to hyperuricemia is still unclear. We aimed to explore the clinical prognosis of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with acute coronary syndrome in relation to hyperuricemia status. This was a prospective cohort study. We included consecutively eligible patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent cardiorespiratory polygraphy between June 2015 and January 2020. According to apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hr and serum uric acid level, the population was divided into four groups: hyperuricemia with obstructive sleep apnea; hyperuricemia with non‐obstructive sleep apnea; no hyperuricemia with obstructive sleep apnea; and no hyperuricemia with non‐obstructive sleep apnea. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischaemia‐driven revascularization, and readmission for unstable angina or heart failure. Spearman correlation analysis and Cox regression model were mainly used to estimate the data. The median follow‐up was 2.9 years. Among 1925 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 29.6% had hyperuricemia and 52.6% had obstructive sleep apnea. Uric acid was negatively correlated with minimum arterial oxygen saturation and mean arterial oxygen saturation, and positively correlated with apnea–hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index and the duration of time with arterial oxygen saturation < 90% (p < 0.001). During 2.9 (1.5, 3.6) years of follow‐up, obstructive sleep apnea was associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with hyperuricemia (23.5% versus 13.4%; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.834; 95% confidence interval: 1.192–2.821, p = 0.006), but not in patients without hyperuricemia (21.9% versus 19.2%; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.131; 95% confidence interval: 0.880–1.453, p = 0.336). There was a correlation between uric acid levels and sleep respiratory indicators. Obstructive sleep apnea was associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome with hyperuricemia, but not in patients without hyperuricemia.
Pharmacokinetics and effects of codeine in combination with acetaminophen on thermal nociception in horses
Authors: Tueshaus Tisa , McKemie Daniel S. , Kanarr Kirsten , Kass Philip H. , Knych Heather K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCodeine and acetaminophen in combination have proven to be an effective analgesic treatment for moderate‐to‐severe and postoperative pain in humans. Studies have demonstrated that codeine and acetaminophen, when administered as sole agents, are well tolerated by horses. In the current study, we hypothesized that administration of the combination of codeine and acetaminophen would result in a significant thermal antinociceptive effect compared with administration of either alone. Six horses were administered oral doses of codeine (1.2 mg/kg), acetaminophen (20 mg/kg), and codeine plus acetaminophen (1.2 mg/kg codeine and 6–6.4 mg/kg acetaminophen) in a three‐way balanced crossover design. Plasma samples were collected, concentrations of drug and metabolites determined via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. Pharmacodynamic outcomes, including effect on thermal thresholds, were assessed. Codeine Cmax and AUC were significantly different between the codeine and combination group. There was considerable inter‐individual variation in the pharmacokinetic parameters for codeine, acetaminophen, and their metabolites in horses. All treatments were well tolerated with minimal significant adverse effects. An increase in the thermal threshold was noted at 1.5 and 2 h, from 15 min through 6 h and 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 h in the codeine, acetaminophen, and combination groups, respectively.