bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
148 Economic Assessment of Beef Cattle Backgrounding in Brazil at Pre and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reis Beatriz Q , Silva Edmar , Bernardes Elaine , Sarturi Jhones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The production costs of beef cattle grazing backgrounding systems between 2018/2019 (pre) and 2020/2021 (during) pandemic were evaluated. A comprehensive mathematical model for the cost of production was used according to the Economic Theory. Costs were collected and allocated into Fixed Cost (FC), Variable Cost (VC), and Total Cost (TC). In addition, analyses were performed concerning total income and profitability. A survey was carried out in 2018 with a rancher in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil) to define major technical indicators of production. The spot prices used in our analysis were collected in 2018/19 and 2020/21. The base-animal used for such growing phase assessment represented the Nelore breed (Bos indicus), intact males and females, weaned at approximately 7-10 mo, and averaging 195 ± 15 kg of live shrunk BW (body weight), which remained in a grazing system for 12 mo. The average selling weight was 360 ± 15 kg shrunk BW. Animals (n = 34) were separated into three lots according to the ranch of origin and sex. Mineral supplementation was provided for 150 d during the greatest forage supply, while protein supplementation was offered for 210 d during the least forage supply for all animals. After comprehensively accounting for inputs, the cost index was compared between the two periods. The total cost for the 2018/19 production-period was US$ 1.13kg of BW, while an increase of approximately 53% (US$ 1.70kg of BW) was observed for 2020/21. The FC represented in the year 20/21 was 2.66 % less than 2018/19, which represented 22.9% of all costs combined. The VC represented 66.3% of the total cost in 2018/19, in which cattle purchase cost and feed cost represented 58.8% and 7.1%, respectively. For 2020/21, the VC increased to 70.7% of the total cost, in which cattle purchase cost and feed cost represented 62% and 8.5%, respectively. Regardless of the period, the most representative items analyzed were the cattle purchase price and feed costs. There was a 68.9% increase in gross income, followed by a raise in profit from US$ 0.26/kg BW in 2018/19 to US$ 2.9/kg of BW in 2020/21. The factors that influenced profitability the most were the purchase and sale price of animals. The shorter feeder cattle supply during the pandemic induced greater overall costs, although also positively affecting the final sale price of long-yearlings, which generated widened margins. The current cost calculation model showed to be helpful while allowing testing scenarios, possibilities, and helping producers to manage risk in such cattle enterprises.
Development of supercooling preservation method of adherent cultured human cells
Authors: Hikichi Maaya , Shimizu Takuya , Sato Kiichi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cryopreservation of mammalian cells is an important technology; however, freezing damage due to osmotic pressure differences and ice crystal formation is inevitable. In addition, cryopreserved cells cannot be used immediately after thawing in many cases. Therefore, in this study, we developed a method for supercooling and preserving adherent cells using a precision temperature-controlled CO2 incubator. The effects of the cooling rate from 37 to −4°C, the warming rate from −4 to 37°C and a preservation solution on cell viability after storage were examined. Human hepatocarcinoma-derived cell line HepG2 cells, preserved with HypoThermosol FRS at −4°C with a cooling rate of −0.028°C/min (24 h from 37°C to −4°C) and warming to 37°C at a rate of +1.0°C/min (40 min from −4 to 37°C), displayed high cell viability after 14 days of preservation. The superiority of supercooling preservation at −4°C was demonstrated by comparing the obtained results with that of refrigerated preservation at +4°C. Cells preserved for 14 days under optimal conditions showed no cell shape abnormalities and may be used for experiments immediately after thawing. The optimized supercooling preservation method determined in this study is suitable for the temporary preservation of adherent cultured cells.
Taking Stock: Assessing the Current Status and Evolution of the United Nations Security Council’s Legislative Resolutions
Authors: Musmeci Daniele 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present essay intends to provide for an in-depth analysis concerning the enactment of new legislative resolutions by the UN Security Council with a view to dealing with foreign terrorist fighters and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as well. It will be argued that, instead of voicing unweavering concerns about the Council’s increasing tendency to resort to this specific tool, UN Member States have widely welcomed these resolutions, deeming them necessary and proportionate response to urgent threats faced by the International Community as a whole. Accordingly, this has generated a clear distinction between the previous legislative resolutions and the recent ones. As a result, by dwelling more specifically on States’ utterances made during the meetings devoted to discuss these new general resolutions, it is argued that such resolutions are to be looked upon as subsequent practice pursuant to Article 31, paragraph 3(b) of 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), which means that they are relevant in order to interpret Article 41 of the UN Charter. Ultimately, and based on the assumption that States are now more inclined to accept general obligations in the counter-terrorism’s domain, the manuscript addresses the topic of how the UN Security Council should legislate in order to secure the widest acceptance possible and be in accordance with several International Law’s requirements.
Mini-review: the distinct roles of STING signaling in tumor immunity—recent progress
Authors: Wang Shengli , Li Tao , Sun Hongyan , Chen Danchun , Xu Hongbiao , Hao Jianlei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
New strategies targeting STING proteins appear promising for eliciting immunotherapeutic responses. Activation of the STING pathway under the right circumstances can drive dendritic cell maturation, antitumor macrophage differentiation, T-cell initiation and activation, natural killer cell activation, vascular reprogramming, and/or cancer cell death, leading to immune-mediated tumor elimination and generation of antitumor immune memory. However, activation of the STING signaling pathway is complicated in tumor immunity. On one hand, STING signaling was found to promote tumor growth. On the other hand, the cGAS-STING pathway has great potential for regulating antitumor immunity. The development of activators of the cGAS-STING pathway may profoundly change tumor immunotherapy, providing an excellent direction for the development and clinical application of immunotherapeutic strategies for related diseases. This review provides a concise summary of the role of the STING pathway in tumors in recent years.
Embedding lifestyle interventions into cancer care: has telehealth narrowed the equity gap?
Authors: Dennett Amy M , Hirko Kelly A , Porter Kathleen J , Loh Kah Poh , Liao Yue , Yang Lin , Arem Hannah , Sukumar Jasmine S , Salerno Elizabeth A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lifestyle interventions targeting energy balance (ie, diet, exercise) are critical for optimizing the health and well-being of cancer survivors. Despite their benefits, access to these interventions is limited, especially in underserved populations, including older people, minority populations and those living in rural and remote areas. Telehealth has the potential to improve equity and increase access. This article outlines the advantages and challenges of using telehealth to support the integration of lifestyle interventions into cancer care. We describe 2 recent studies, GO-EXCAP and weSurvive, as examples of telehealth lifestyle intervention in underserved populations (older people and rural cancer survivors) and offer practical recommendations for future implementation. Innovative approaches to the use of telehealth-delivered lifestyle intervention during cancer survivorship offer great potential to reduce cancer burden.
Pharmacokinetics of cancer therapeutics and energy balance: the role of diet intake, energy expenditure, and body composition
Authors: Purcell Sarah A , Kok Dieuwertje E , Ketterl Tyler , Garcia Miriam B , Joffe Lenat , Brown Justin C , Dieli-Conwright Christina M , Williams Grant R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Energy balance accounts for an individual’s energy intake, expenditure, and storage. Each aspect of energy balance has implications for the pharmacokinetics of cancer treatments and may impact an individual’s drug exposure and subsequently its tolerance and efficacy. However, the integrated effects of diet, physical activity, and body composition on drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion are not yet fully understood. This review examines the existing literature on energy balance, specifically the role of dietary intake and nutritional status, physical activity and energy expenditure, and body composition on the pharmacokinetics of cancer therapeutics. As energy balance and pharmacokinetic factors can be influenced by age-related states of metabolism and comorbidities, this review also explores the age-related impact of body composition and physiologic changes on pharmacokinetics among pediatric and older adult populations with cancer.
Proper RPA acetylation promotes accurate DNA replication and repair
Authors: Gan Xiaoli , Zhang Yueyue , Jiang Donghao , Shi Jingyao , Zhao Han , Xie Chengyu , Wang Yanyan , Xu Jingyan , Zhang Xinghua , Cai Gang , Wang Hailong , Huang Jun , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein complex RPA plays a critical role in promoting DNA replication and multiple DNA repair pathways. However, how RPA is regulated to achieve its functions precisely in these processes remains elusive. Here, we found that proper acetylation and deacetylation of RPA are required to regulate RPA function in promoting high-fidelity DNA replication and repair. We show that yeast RPA is acetylated on multiple conserved lysines by the acetyltransferase NuA4 upon DNA damage. Mimicking constitutive RPA acetylation or blocking its acetylation causes spontaneous mutations with the signature of micro-homology-mediated large deletions or insertions. In parallel, improper RPA acetylation/deacetylation impairs DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by the accurate gene conversion or break-induced replication while increasing the error-prone repair by single-strand annealing or alternative end joining. Mechanistically, we show that proper acetylation and deacetylation of RPA ensure its normal nuclear localization and ssDNA binding ability. Importantly, mutation of the equivalent residues in human RPA1 also impairs RPA binding on ssDNA, leading to attenuated RAD51 loading and homologous recombination repair. Thus, timely RPA acetylation and deacetylation likely represent a conserved mechanism promoting high-fidelity replication and repair while discriminating the error-prone repair mechanisms in eukaryotes.
RPA engages telomeric G-quadruplexes more effectively than CST
Authors: Olson Conner L , Barbour Alexandra T , Wieser Thomas A , Wuttke Deborah S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are a set of stable secondary structures that form within guanine-rich regions of single-stranded nucleic acids that pose challenges for DNA maintenance. The G-rich DNA sequence at telomeres has a propensity to form G4s of various topologies. The human protein complexes Replication Protein A (RPA) and CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) are implicated in managing G4s at telomeres, leading to DNA unfolding and allowing telomere replication to proceed. Here, we use fluorescence anisotropy equilibrium binding measurements to determine the ability of these proteins to bind various telomeric G4s. We find that the ability of CST to specifically bind G-rich ssDNA is substantially inhibited by the presence of G4s. In contrast, RPA tightly binds telomeric G4s, showing negligible changes in affinity for G4 structure compared to linear ssDNAs. Using a mutagenesis strategy, we found that RPA DNA-binding domains work together for G4 binding, and simultaneous disruption of these domains reduces the affinity of RPA for G4 ssDNA. The relative inability of CST to disrupt G4s, combined with the greater cellular abundance of RPA, suggests that RPA could act as a primary protein complex responsible for resolving G4s at telomeres.
KVFinder-web: a web-based application for detecting and characterizing biomolecular cavities
Authors: Guerra João V S , Ribeiro-Filho Helder V , Pereira José G C , Lopes-de-Oliveira Paulo S 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular interactions that modulate catalytic processes occur mainly in cavities throughout the molecular surface. Such interactions occur with specific small molecules due to geometric and physicochemical complementarity with the receptor. In this scenario, we present KVFinder-web, an open-source web-based application of parKVFinder software for cavity detection and characterization of biomolecular structures. The KVFinder-web has two independent components: a RESTful web service and a web graphical portal. Our web service, KVFinder-web service, handles client requests, manages accepted jobs, and performs cavity detection and characterization on accepted jobs. Our graphical web portal, KVFinder-web portal, provides a simple and straightforward page for cavity analysis, which customizes detection parameters, submits jobs to the web service component, and displays cavities and characterizations. We provide a publicly available KVFinder-web at https://kvfinder-web.cnpem.br, running in a cloud environment as docker containers. Further, this deployment type allows KVFinder-web components to be configured locally and customized according to user demand. Hence, users may run jobs on a locally configured service or our public KVFinder-web.
DEPICTER2: a comprehensive webserver for intrinsic disorder and disorder function prediction
Authors: Basu Sushmita , Gsponer Jörg , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntrinsic disorder in proteins is relatively abundant in nature and essential for a broad spectrum of cellular functions. While disorder can be accurately predicted from protein sequences, as it was empirically demonstrated in recent community-organized assessments, it is rather challenging to collect and compile a comprehensive prediction that covers multiple disorder functions. To this end, we introduce the DEPICTER2 (DisorderEd PredictIon CenTER) webserver that offers convenient access to a curated collection of fast and accurate disorder and disorder function predictors. This server includes a state-of-the-art disorder predictor, flDPnn, and five modern methods that cover all currently predictable disorder functions: disordered linkers and protein, peptide, DNA, RNA and lipid binding. DEPICTER2 allows selection of any combination of the six methods, batch predictions of up to 25 proteins per request and provides interactive visualization of the resulting predictions. The webserver is freely available at http://biomine.cs.vcu.edu/servers/DEPICTER2/
Two clinical prediction tools to inform rapid tuberculosis treatment decision-making in children
Authors: Brooks Meredith B , Hussain Hamidah , Siddiqui Sara , Ahmed Junaid F , Jaswal Maria , Amanullah Farhana , Becerra Mercedes , Malik Amyn A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In the absence of bacteriologic confirmation to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in children, it is suggested that treatment should be initiated when sufficient clinical evidence of disease is available. However, it is unclear what clinical evidence is sufficient to make this decision. To identify children who would benefit from rapid initiation of TB treatment, we developed two clinical prediction tools.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective intensified TB patient-finding intervention conducted in Pakistan in 2014-2016.TB disease was determined through either bacteriologic confirmation or a clinical diagnosis. We derived two tools; one uses Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis to develop decision trees while the second uses multivariable logistic regression to calculate a risk score.

Results
Of the 5,162 and 5,074 children included in the CART and prediction-score, respectively, 1,417 (27.5%) and 1,365 (26.9%) were eligible for TB treatment. CART identified abnormal chest radiographs and family history of TB as the most important predictors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.949). The final prediction-score model included age group (0-4, 5-9, 10-14), weight &lt;5th percentile, cough, fever, weight loss, chest radiograph suggestive of TB disease, and family history of TB; the identified best cutoff score was 9 (AUC: 0.985%).

Conclusions
Use of clinical evidence was sufficient to accurately identify children who would benefit from treatment initiation. Our tools performed well compared to existing algorithms, though needs to be externally validated prior to operationalization.
The Frequency of Specific KRAS Mutations, and Their Impact on Treatment Choice and Survival, in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fernández Montes Ana , Alonso Orduña Vicente , Asensio Martínez Elena , Rodríguez Salas Nuria , Torres Esperanza , Cacho Lavín Diego , Rodríguez Alonso Rosa María , Falcó Esther , Oliva Joan Carles , Cirera Lluis , García Gómez Jesus , Pericay Carles 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and KRAS mutations have a poor prognosis, seemingly dependent on the location of the mutation. This multicenter, retrospective, cohort study assessed the frequency and prognostic value of specific KRAS mutation codon locations in mCRC patients, and survival outcomes in relation to treatment.

Materials and Methods
Data from mCRC patients treated in 10 Spanish hospitals between January 2011 and December 2015 were analyzed. The main objective was to investigate (1) the impact of KRAS mutation location on overall survival (OS), and (2) the effect of targeted treatment plus metastasectomy and primary tumor location on OS in patients with KRAS mutations.

Results
The KRAS mutation location was known for 337/2002 patients. Of these, 177 patients received chemotherapy only, 155 received bevacizumab plus chemotherapy, and 5 received anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy plus chemotherapy; 94 patients underwent surgery. The most frequent KRAS mutation locations were G12A (33.8%), G12D (21.4%), and G12V (21.4%). Compared with other locations, patients with a G12S mutation had the shortest median OS (10.3 [95% CI, 2.5-18.0] months). OS was longer in patients who underwent surgery versus those who did not, with a trend toward prolonged survival with bevacizumab (median OS 26.7 [95% CI, 21.8-31.7] months) versus chemotherapy alone (median OS 23.2 [95% CI, 19.4-27.0] months).

Conclusion
These findings confirm that KRAS mutation location may predict survival outcomes in patients with mCRC, and suggest that pre-/post-operative bevacizumab plus metastasectomy provides survival benefits in patients with KRAS mutations.
Humoral Immunity After COVID-19 Vaccination in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Indolent Lymphomas: A Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Doukas Peter G , St. Pierre Frederique , Karmali Reem , Mi Xinlei , Boyer Jennifer , Nieves Mariana , Ison Michael G , Winter Jane N , Gordon Leo I , Ma Shuo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) lead to broad immunosuppression, conferring a greater risk for morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2. Our study analyzed antibody (Ab) seropositivity from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with these cancers.

Methods
In the final analysis, 240 patients were involved, and seropositivity was defined as a positive total or spike protein Ab.

Results
Seropositivity was 50% in CLL, 68% in WM, and 70% in the remaining NHLs. Moderna vaccination led to higher seropositivity compared to Pfizer vaccination across all cancers (64% vs. 49%; P = .022) and specifically CLL patients (59% vs. 43%; P = .029). This difference was not explainable by differences in treatment status or prior anti-CD20 monoclonal Ab therapy. In CLL patients, current or prior cancer therapy led to lower seropositivity compared to treatment-naïve patients (36% vs. 68%; P = .000019). CLL patients treated with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors had better seropositivity after receiving the Moderna vaccination compared to Pfizer (50% vs. 23%; P = .015). Across all cancers, anti-CD20 agents within 1 year led to a lower Ab response compared to greater than one year (13% vs. 40%; P = .022), a difference which persisted after booster vaccination.

Conclusion
Antibody response is lower in patients with indolent lymphomas compared to the general population. Lower Ab seropositivity was found in patients with a history of anti-leukemic agent therapy or those immunized with Pfizer vaccine. This data suggests that Moderna vaccination may confer a greater degree of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with indolent lymphomas.
β-1,3-GLUCANASE10 regulates tomato development and disease resistance by modulating callose deposition
Authors: Pei Yangang , Xue Qihan , Zhang Zehong , Shu Peng , Deng Heng , Bouzayen Mondher , Hong Yiguo , Liu Mingchun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
β-1,3-Glucanases are considered key regulators responsible for the degradation of callose in plants, yet little is known about the role and mode of action of their encoding genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In the present study, we identified the β-1,3-glucanase encoding gene β-1,3-GLUCANASE10 (SlBG10) and revealed its regulation in tomato pollen and fruit development, seed production, and disease resistance by modulating callose deposition. Compared with wild-type (WT) or SlBG10 overexpressing (SlBG10-OE) lines, knockout of SlBG10 caused pollen arrest and failure to set fruit with reduced male rather than female fecundity. Further analyses showed that SlBG10-knockout promoted callose deposition in anther at the tetrad-to-microspore stages, resulting in pollen abortion and male sterility. Moreover, loss-of-function SlBG10 delayed degradation of endosperm cell wall calloses during cellularization and impeded early seed development. We also uncovered that Botrytis cinerea infection induces SlBG10 expression in WT tomato, and the knockout lines showed increased callose accumulation in fruit pericarps, reduced susceptibility to B. cinerea, and enhanced antioxidant capacity to maintain tomato fruit quality. However, the expression of genes encoding cell wall hydrolases decreased in SlBG10-knockout tomatoes and thus led to an increase in pericarp epidermal thickness, enhancement in fruit firmness, reduction of fruit water loss, and extension of tomato shelf life. These findings not only expand our understanding of the involvement of β-1,3-glucanases as callose regulators in multiple developmental processes and pathogen resistance but also provide additional insight into the manipulation of multiagronomic traits for targeted tomato breeding.