bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of the Irish post-graduate geriatric medicine training scheme with the European post-graduate curriculum in geriatric medicine
Authors: Murphy Robert , McCarthy Christine , Reddin Catriona , Canavan Michelle , O’Dwyer Clodagh , Mulroy Martin , O’Donnell Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Minimum training recommendations to become a specialist geriatrician in the EU have been published and in this study we compared these recommendations with content from the post-graduate training scheme in Geriatric Medicine in Ireland.

Methods
We examined the content of didactic study-day lectures delivered during Geriatric medicine training in Ireland. We compared how both the formal Irish curriculum and the content of the study days match up with the 36 items that are identified as core knowledge content areas.

Results
The Irish geriatric medicine curriculum outlined that 30 of the 36 knowledge areas from the European curriculum should be covered. Formal teaching was delivered on 33 of the 36 knowledge components that are outlined in the European curriculum. 24 of 36 topics were covered at least twice.

Conclusion
There was a high concordance between the content of the Irish and European post-graduate curriculum in Geriatric medicine.
Goals of older hospitalized patients with multimorbidity
Authors: Tent Sanne , Verhoeff Marlies , Festen Suzanne , van Munster Barbara C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patient-centered healthcare, with aligning treatment to a patients’ goal, is recognized by experts as essential to improve healthcare for older patients with multimorbidity. Little literature exists on goals of these specific patients. Therefore, we aimed to explore goals of older hospitalized patients with multimorbidity and compare their goals to those of older hospitalized patients without multimorbidity.

Methods
Older hospitalized patients (aged ≥ 70 years) were included in a prospective mixed-methods cohort study at the University Medical Centre Groningen, the Netherlands. Goals were assessed by a standardized interview, whereafter they were categorized and analyzed descriptively.

Results
Four hundred and ninety-three older hospitalized patients (median age 75 (IQR 72–80), 64% male) were included, of which 223 patients presented with multimorbidity (45%). Goals mentioned most often were ‘controlling disease’ and ‘alleviating complaints’. No differences were found in goals mentioned by patients with and without multimorbidity. Forty-one percent of both patients with and without multimorbidity mentioned goals that were disease-unrelated.

Conclusion
No major differences were found in goals of older hospitalized patients with and without multimorbidity. However, the large proportion of patients mentioning disease-unrelated goals emphasizes the importance of goal elicitation by healthcare professionals within hospital care to provide optimally integrated care.
Lessons for Child Protection Moving Forward: How to Keep From Rearranging the Deck Chairs on the Titanic
Authors: Krugman Richard D. , Korbin Jill E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Gary B. Melton Visiting Professorship was created to honor and celebrate the legacy of Dr. Melton and to encourage scholars and advocates to continue to build on his impressive body of interdisciplinary work on children’s rights, global approach to child health and well-being, and social frameworks of family and community. A collaboration of the Haruv Institute and the Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect at the University of Colorado, the Melton Lecture was designed to be interdisciplinary, with the inaugural professorship and lecture given by a pediatrician and an anthropologist. This set of award recipients encompassed Gary Melton’s concerns from the individual and family to the larger context of culture and community. In this inaugural Melton Lecture, we take as our starting point Gary Melton’s quote, “Child abuse is wrong….” On this, we all can agree. Agreement lessens in response to the second part of the quote, “…the nation’s lack of an effective response to it is also wrong….” Indeed, the field continues to grapple with long-standing issues on how to ensure an effective response to child abuse. We use this lecture to consider how to move toward an effective response without simply rearranging the deck chairs on a sinking ship.
CYX-5, a G-protein biassed MOP receptor agonist, DOP receptor antagonist and KOP receptor agonist, evokes constipation but not respiratory depression relative to morphine in rats
Authors: Imam Mohammad Zafar , Kuo Andy , Ghassabian Sussan , Cai Yunxin , Qin Yajuan , Li Tingyou , Smith Maree T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Strong opioid analgesics such as morphine alleviate moderate to severe acute nociceptive pain (e.g. post-surgical or post-trauma pain) as well as chronic cancer pain. However, they evoke many adverse effects and so there is an unmet need for opioid analgesics with improved tolerability. Recently, a prominent hypothesis has been that opioid-related adverse effects are mediated by β-arrestin2 recruitment at the µ-opioid (MOP) receptor and this stimulated research on discovery of G-protein biassed opioid analgesics. In other efforts, opioids with MOP agonist and δ-opioid (DOP) receptor antagonist profiles are promising for reducing side effects c.f. morphine. Herein, we report on the in vivo pharmacology of a novel opioid peptide (CYX-5) that is a G-protein biassed MOP receptor agonist, DOP receptor antagonist and kappa opioid (KOP) receptor agonist.

Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley received intracerebroventricular bolus doses of CYX-5 (3, 10, 20 nmol), morphine (100 nmol) or vehicle, and antinociception (tail flick) was assessed relative to constipation (charcoal meal and castor oil-induced diarrhoea tests) and respiratory depression (whole body plethysmography).

Results
CYX-5 evoked naloxone-sensitive, moderate antinociception, at the highest dose tested. Although CYX-5 did not inhibit gastrointestinal motility, it reduced stool output markedly in the castor oil-induced diarrhoea test. In contrast to morphine that evoked respiratory depression, CYX-5 increased tidal volume, thereby stimulating respiration.

Conclusion
Despite its lack of recruitment of β-arrestin2 at MOP, DOP and KOP receptors, CYX-5 evoked constipation, implicating a mechanism other than β-arrestin2 recruitment at MOP, DOP and KOP receptors, mediating constipation evoked by CYX-5 and potentially other opioid ligands.
An exploration of how the disruption of mainstream schooling during the COVID-19 crisis provided opportunities that we can learn from so that we may improve our future relationship with the more-than-human world
Authors: Adams Dylan , Gray Tonia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 crisis forced educators globally to reassess delivery of their curricula and educational priorities. Already the worsening climate crisis amid human beings’ deleterious relationship with the more-than-human world has caused many educators to demand radical reconsiderations as to the purpose and meaning of education. We ask: how did the disruption of mainstream schooling, during the COVID-19 crisis, provide opportunities that we can learn from so that we may improve our future relationship with the more-than-human world? We examine research that shows children can benefit from outdoor, contemplative pedagogical approaches that differ from their usual indoor classroom experience. Outdoor, contemplative pedagogical approaches involving freedom from “clock-time”, as were experienced by some children during the lockdowns, can allow for ways of knowing and states of being that are often marginalised or excluded from mainstream schools in industrial growth societies. We draw on underpinning theory that argues the status quo in schools conforms to a factory model of schooling that prioritises limited ways of knowing and states of being, thus, lacking the perspectives needed to enable children to cultivate a sustained, healthy relationship with nature. We suggest that outdoor contemplative approaches are required that allow children to dwell pedagogically and experience their relationship with the more-than-human world.
WordNet Semantic Relations Based Enhancement of KNN Model for Implicit Aspect Identification in Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Benarafa Halima , Benkhalifa Mohammed , Akhloufi Moulay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOpinion mining or sentiment analysis (SA) is a key component of real-world applications for e-commerce organizations, manufacturers, and customers. SA deals with the computational evaluation of people’s views, thoughts, and feelings in the text, whether they are visible or concealed. The Aspect based SA level is becoming one of the most active phases in this area. In this paper, we propose an approach to enrich K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) to deal with Implicit Aspect Identification task (IAI). Through the use of WordNet semantic relations, we propose an enhancement for KNN distance computation to support the IAI task. For a conclusive empirical evaluation, experiments are conducted on two datasets of electronic products and restaurant reviews and the effects of our approach are examined and analyzed according to three criteria: KNN distance used to compute the similarity, the number of nearest neighbors (K) and the KNN behavior towards Overfitting and Underfitting. The experimental results show that our approach helps KNN improve its performance and better deal with Overfitting and Underfitting for Implicit Aspect Identification.
Photogrammetry and GIS in Human-Occupied Digital Landscapes
Authors: Reinhard Andrew , Zaia Sara 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIn the last decade, archaeologists have been using human-occupied interactive digital built environments to investigate human agency, settlement, and behavior. To document this evidence, we provide here one method of conducting drone-based photogrammetry and GIS mapping from within these digital spaces based on well-established methods conducted in physical landscapes. Mapping is an integral part of archaeology in the natural world, but it has largely eluded researchers in these new, populated digital landscapes. We hope that our proposed method helps to resolve this issue. We argue that employing archaeological methods in digital environments provides a successful methodological framework to investigate human agency in digital spaces for anthropological purposes and has the potential for extrapolating data from human-digital landscape interactions and applying them to their natural analogues.
The effect of transparent unequal penalty rates on safety compliance for different-sized businesses
Authors: Kogler Christoph , Olsen Jerome , Osman Magda , Zeelenberg Marcel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present study investigates the relation of procedural transparency and compliance with authorities’ regulations. The underlying assumption is that procedural transparency encourages compliance with regulations. In an incentivized experiment, 666 participants took on the role of a business owner and had to fill in a form and spend a certain amount of their income as compliance costs to adhere to safety rules. In a 2 (Business Size: small vs big) × 2 (Penalty Rate: equal vs unequal) × 2 (Penalty Scheme: transparent vs nontransparent) between-subjects design, we investigated whether an unequal penalty rate for small-size in contrast to big-size businesses had a different effect on compliance when this difference was transparent compared to when it was not transparent. Business income, compliance costs, and audit probability were varied within-subject, over 18 decision rounds. We find that the deterring effect of a higher penalty rate for big-size compared to small-size businesses under a nontransparent unequal penalty scheme is attenuated when the same information is available. This supports the idea of a backfiring effect and suggests that authorities need to carefully consider what information about their procedures to communicate in order to avoid the unintended negative effects of increasing transparency.
Drivers of change in Arctic fjord socio-ecological systems: Examples from the European Arctic
Authors: Schlegel Robert , Bartsch Inka , Bischof Kai , Bjørst Lill Rastad , Dannevig Halvor , Diehl Nora , Duarte Pedro , Hovelsrud Grete K. , Juul-Pedersen Thomas , Lebrun Anaïs , Merillet Laurène , Miller Cale , Ren Carina , Sejr Mikael , Søreide Janne E. , Vonnahme Tobias R. , Gattuso Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFjord systems are transition zones between land and sea, resulting in complex and dynamic environments. They are of particular interest in the Arctic as they harbour ecosystems inhabited by a rich range of species and provide many societal benefits. The key drivers of change in the European Arctic (i.e., Greenland, Svalbard, and Northern Norway) fjord socio-ecological systems are reviewed here, structured into five categories: cryosphere (sea ice, glacier mass balance, and glacial and riverine discharge), physics (seawater temperature, salinity, and light), chemistry (carbonate system, nutrients), biology (primary production, biomass, and species richness), and social (governance, tourism, and fisheries). The data available for the past and present state of these drivers, as well as future model projections, are analysed in a companion paper. Changes to the two drivers at the base of most interactions within fjords, seawater temperature and glacier mass balance, will have the most significant and profound consequences on the future of European Arctic fjords. This is because even though governance may be effective at mitigating/adapting to local disruptions caused by the changing climate, there is possibly nothing that can be done to halt the melting of glaciers, the warming of fjord waters, and all of the downstream consequences that these two changes will have. This review provides the first transdisciplinary synthesis of the interactions between the drivers of change within Arctic fjord socio-ecological systems. Knowledge of what these drivers of change are, and how they interact with one another, should provide more expedient focus for future research on the needs of adapting to the changing Arctic.
Coordination and complexity: an experiment on the effect of integration and verification in distributed design processes
Authors: Wöhr Ferdinand , Uhri Ekin , Königs Simon , Trauer Jakob , Stanglmeier Max , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The continuous integration and verification of components is essential in distributed design processes. Identifying the optimal integration and verification frequency, however, can be challenging due to the complexity of product development. Especially the effect of human decision-making in partially isolated development scenarios is difficult to consider. Thus, we performed an experimental study based on the following three steps: first, an extension of the existing parameter design framework, which is used to conduct experiments under laboratory conditions, in which human subjects solve quantitative surrogate design tasks. Second, a series of experiments in which 32 subjects divided into groups of two solved 229 parameter design tasks with a varying integration and verification frequency. And, third, a statistical analysis of the results with respect to development time, coupling strength and process costs. According to our results, development time can be reduced by up to 71%, if the integration and verification frequency is doubled. If process costs are also considered, the optimal frequency can be subject to a conflict of goals between reducing development time and minimising process cost.
Feasibility study of laser-driven neutron sources for pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Mori Takato , Yogo Akifumi , Arikawa Yasunobu , Hayakawa Takehito , Mirfayzi Seyed R. , Lan Zechen , Wei Tianyun , Abe Yuki , Nakai Mitsuo , Mima Kunioki , Nishimura Hiroaki , Fujioka Shinsuke , Kodama Ryosuke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We predict the production yield of a medical radioisotope

${}^{67}$

Cu using

${}^{67}$

Zn(n, p)

${}^{67}$

Cu and

${}^{68}$

Zn(n, pn)

${}^{67}$

Cu reactions with fast neutrons provided from laser-driven neutron sources. The neutrons were generated by the p+

${}^9\mathrm{Be}$

and d+

${}^9$

Be reactions with high-energy ions accelerated by laser–plasma interaction. We evaluated the yield to be (3.3

$\pm$

0.5)

$\times$

10

${}^5$

atoms for

${}^{67}$

Cu, corresponding to a radioactivity of 1.0

$\pm$

0.2 Bq, for a Zn foil sample with a single laser shot. Using a simulation with this result, we estimated

${}^{67}$

Cu production with a high-frequency laser. The result suggests that it is possible to generate

${}^{67}$

Cu with a radioactivity of 270 MBq using a future laser system with a frequency of 10 Hz and 10,000-s radiation in a hospital.
Taking the “Race” Out of Master Race: The Evolving Role of the Jew in White Supremacist Discourse
Authors: Rosenberg Emma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcross Europe and North America, political leaders and elites use ethnoreligious appeals based on white supremacist ideology with increasing success. Yet this rhetoric frequently includes positive references to Jews and Israel. What explains this pivot away from the historic reliance on the so-called “nefarious, menacing Jew”? Rather than interpret the transformation of the white supremacist Jewish trope as an ideological shift, this article demonstrates that the transformation reflects a mainstreaming of white supremacist discourse. More specifically, as white supremacist discourse increasingly finds a home in successful nativist political parties, framing Jews as a religion rather than a race sidesteps hurdles to attracting votes. Second, positive references to Israel rather than Jews demonstrates the evolution of an identitarian strand within white supremacy rather than a de-escalation of racist ideology. A comparison of the German AfD and the American Republican Party, two parties that increasingly employ white supremacist rhetoric alongside pro- Jewish rhetoric, illustrates the phenomenon. Within a larger political context, the de-racializing of Jews in white supremacist discourse reflects a shift in twenty-first century nativism from a preoccupation with race and nationality, to a focus on civilizational, cultural, and religious identities.
ZERO DENSITY THEOREMS FOR FAMILIES OF DIRICHLET L-FUNCTIONS
Authors: CORRIGAN CHANDLER C. , ZHAO LIANGYI 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe prove some zero density theorems for certain families of Dirichlet L-functions. More specifically, the subjects of our interest are the collections of Dirichlet L-functions associated with characters to moduli from certain sparse sets and of certain fixed orders.
ON ARITHMETIC SUMS OF CONNECTED SETS IN
Authors: WU YU-FENG 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe prove that for two connected sets
$E,F\subset \mathbb {R}^2$
with cardinalities greater than
$1$
, if one of E and F is compact and not a line segment, then the arithmetic sum
$E+F$
has nonempty interior. This improves a recent result of Banakh et al. [‘The continuity of additive and convex functions which are upper bounded on non-flat continua in
$\mathbb {R}^n$
’, Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal.54(1)(2019), 247–256] in dimension two by relaxing their assumption that E and F are both compact.
Phylogenetic relationships and further unknown diversity of diplostomids (Diplostomida: Diplostomidae) parasitic in kingfishers
Authors: Achatz T.J. , Von Holten Z.S. , Kipp J.W. , Fecchio A. , LaFond L.R. , Greiman S.E. , Martens J.R. , Tkach V.V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Kingfishers (Alcedinidae Rafinesque) are common inhabitants of wetlands and are known to be definitive hosts to a wide range of digeneans that parasitize fish as second intermediate hosts. Among these digeneans, members of the Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 (diplostomids) are particularly common. Recent studies of diplostomids collected from kingfishers have revealed that they are probably more diverse than currently known. This particularly concerns the genera Crassiphiala Van Haitsma, 1925 and Uvulifer Yamaguti, 1934. In the present work, we studied seven diplostomid taxa from kingfishers in Brazil, the USA and the Philippines. Partial DNA sequences of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) genes were obtained, and 28S sequences were used to study the phylogenetic interrelationships of these diplostomids. We provide the first DNA sequences from Uvulifer semicircumcisus Dubois et Rausch, 1950 and a member of Subuvulifer Dubois, 1952. Pseudocrassiphiala n. gen. is erected for a previously recognized species-level lineage of Crassiphiala and a new generic diagnosis of Crassiphiala is provided. Crassiphiala jeffreybelli n. sp., Crassiphiala wecksteini n. sp. and Pseudocrassiphiala tulipifera n. sp. are described, and a description of newly collected, high-quality specimens of Crassiphiala bulboglossa Van Haitsma, 1925 (the type-species of the genus) is provided.
Use of antimicrobials in the treatment of calf diarrhea: a systematic review
Authors: Bernal-Córdoba C. , Branco-Lopes R. , Latorre-Segura L. , de Barros-Abreu M. , Fausak E. D. , Silva-del-Río N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature evaluating the efficacy and comparative efficacy of antimicrobials (AMs) for the treatment of diarrhea in calves. Eligible studies were non- and randomized controlled trials evaluating an AM intervention against a positive and negative control, with at least one of the following outcomes: fecal consistency score, fever, dehydration, appetite, attitude, weight gain, and mortality. Four electronic databases were searched. Titles and abstracts (three reviewers) and full texts (two reviewers) were screened. A total of 2899 studies were retrieved; 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed. Most studies had incomplete reporting of trial design and results. Eight studies compared AMs to a negative control (placebo or no treatment). Among eligible studies, the most common outcomes reported were diarrhea severity (n= 6) and mortality (n= 6). Eligible studies evaluated very different interventions and outcomes; thus, a meta-analysis was not performed. The risk of bias assessment revealed concerns with reporting of key trial features, including disease and outcome definitions. Insufficient evidence is available in the scientific literature to assess the efficacy of AMs in treating calf diarrhea.
Definition of low birth weight in domestic mammals: a scoping review
Authors: Mugnier Amélie , Chastant Sylvie , Lyazrhi Faouzi , Saegerman Claude , Grellet Aurélien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn people and animals, low birth weight (LBW) is recognized as highly predictive of health trajectory from the neonatal period to elderly ages. Regarding the neonatal period, although LBW is recognized as a major risk factor for neonatal mortality, there does not appear to be a clear definition of ‘when a birth weight should be considered low’ in all species. The aim of this work was to use the scientific literature available to map the various thresholds proposed to define LBW in domestic mammals. Using a standardized methodology, a scoping review was conducted through a literature search in three different bibliographic databases. After a two-step screening of 1729 abstracts and full-text publications by two independent reviewers, eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Selected publications represented six mammalian species (rat, mouse, dog, pig, cow, and rabbit). Birth weight thresholds were identified through six different methods. In addition to the scarcity of scientific literature about the definition of LBW, this scoping review revealed the lack of standardization for the description, evaluation or the pertinence these definitions. Because the health consequences of LBW could be preventable, providing early identification of at-risk neonates, a consensus for the standardized definition of LBW is required.