bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Punctured groups for exotic fusion systems
Authors: Henke Ellen , Libman Assaf , Lynd Justin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe transporter systems of Oliver and Ventura and the localities of Chermak are classes of algebraic structures that model the ‐local structures of finite groups. Other than the transporter categories and localities of finite groups, important examples include centric, quasicentric, and subcentric linking systems for saturated fusion systems. These examples are, however, not defined in general on the full collection of subgroups of the Sylow group. We study here punctured groups, a short name for transporter systems or localities on the collection of nonidentity subgroups of a finite ‐group. As an application of the existence of a punctured group, we show that the subgroup homology decomposition on the centric collection is sharp for the fusion system. We also prove a Signalizer Functor Theorem for punctured groups and use it to show that the smallest Benson–Solomon exotic fusion system at the prime 2 has a punctured group, while the others do not. As for exotic fusion systems at odd primes , we survey several classes and find that in almost all cases, either the subcentric linking system is a punctured group for the system, or the system has no punctured group because the normalizer of some subgroup of order is exotic. Finally, we classify punctured groups restricting to the centric linking system for certain fusion systems on extraspecial ‐groups of order .
Study on Directional Drilling Coupling Dynamics Based on Drill String Rotary Controller
Authors: Tian Jialin , Mao Lanhui , Yang Yinglin , Song Haolin , Song Junyang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the process of long horizontal well in directional drilling, serious contact between drill string and wellbore leads to weight on bit loss. Therefore, this paper proposes a drill string rotary controller (DSC) for directional well, and its function test is completed through the experimental platform. Connected DSC working mechanism, a drill string coupling dynamic model is established under conditions of horizontal well in directional drilling. In the case study, the coupling dynamic characteristics of different units, including drill pipes and bottom-of-hole modules in axial and torsional directions, are studied. The results show that the effective value of drilling rate increases while the axial vibration velocity and amplitude of drill bit decreases. Moreover, in torsional direction, when drill string system is stable state, the rotating angular velocity of different drill pipes, rotary table, and collar is 31.16 rad/s, and the angular velocity of drill bit is 43.19 rad/s, respectively. It indicates the DSC working performance, which enhances the drilling system balance capacity. Overall, different from the sliding friction between wellbore and drill string, the addition of DSC realizes the separation and meshing of drill string and bottom hole modules, which can significantly increase the transition efficiency of weight on bit and torque value. Theoretical and experimental researches prove that the tool can effectively solve the problem of serious weight on bit loss in directional drilling process, and provides a new reference and idea for developing directional drilling technology when facing new challenges.
Deformation and Dynamic Response of Steel Belt Staggered Multilayer Cylindrical Shell Under External Blast Loading
Authors: Liu Yuanqi , Du Yang , Zhou Fan , Zhang Zhaoteng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The deformation and dynamic response of a multilayer cylindrical shell composed of an inner shell and fourteen outer layers under external blast loads of different trinitro-toluene equivalency weights were studied. A numerical model using the thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model and considering fluid–structure coupling between explosion wave and structure was developed. The displacement in axial direction and cross section, as well as the effective strain responses, were analyzed to demonstrate the potential deformation of the shell structure. Results demonstrate that different materials cause inconsistent displacement and separation to develop in the inner and outer shells. In order to address the problem that the displacement of the inner shell is hard to measure due to the shielding and covering of the outer shell, a theoretical formula for calculating the maximum displacement of the inner shell was developed. The deflection process and stress triaxiality histories of the inner shell were investigated, and the results showed that compressive stress is the primary cause of plastic deformation. Additionally, the delamination that appeared in the outer shell was discussed, and it was revealed that there are two factors of delamination: (1) Stress waves spread across adjacent layers in the opposite direction because steel belts were wound in the opposite direction between the two adjacent layers; (2) Outer layers experienced uneven compressive loads. The results will be helpful to provide a reference for the intrinsic safety design of such multilayer cylindrical structures for hydrogen storage, etc.
Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 disrupts inflammatory response in macrophages
Authors: Lin Joseph B. , Mora Amy , Wang Tzu Jui , Santeford Andrea , Usmani Darksha , Ligon Marianne M. , Mysorekar Indira U. , Apte Rajendra S. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Macrophages are innate immune cells that patrol tissues and are the first responders to detect infection. They orchestrate the host immune response in eliminating invading pathogens and the subsequent transition from inflammation to tissue repair. Macrophage dysfunction contributes to age-related pathologies, including low-grade inflammation in advanced age that is termed “inflammaging.” Our laboratory has previously identified that macrophage expression of a fatty acid desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 (SCD2), declines with age. Herein, we delineate the precise cellular effects of SCD2 deficiency in murine macrophages. We found that deletion of
Scd2
from macrophages dysregulated basal and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated transcription of numerous inflammation-associated genes. Specifically, deletion of
Scd2
from macrophages decreased basal and LPS-induced expression of
Il1b
transcript that corresponded to decreased production of precursor IL1B protein and release of mature IL1B. Furthermore, we identified disruptions in autophagy and depletion of unsaturated cardiolipins in SCD2-deficient macrophages. To assess the functional relevance of SCD2 in the macrophage response to infection, we challenged SCD2-deficient macrophages with uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
and found that there was impaired clearance of intracellular bacteria. This increased burden of intracellular bacteria was accompanied by increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF but decreased IL1B. Taken together, these results indicate that macrophage expression of
Scd2
is necessary for maintaining the macrophage response to inflammatory stimuli. This link between fatty acid metabolism and fundamental macrophage effector functions may potentially be relevant to diverse age-related pathologies.

IMPORTANCE
Macrophages are immune cells that respond to infection, but their dysfunction is implicated in many age-related diseases. Recent evidence showed that macrophage expression of a fatty acid enzyme, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2, declines in aged organisms. In this work, we characterize the effects when stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 is deficient in macrophages. We identify aspects of the macrophage inflammatory response to infection that may be affected when expression of a key fatty acid enzyme is decreased, and these findings may provide cellular insight into how macrophages contribute to age-related diseases.
Supplemental Material: Field calibration of <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar K-feldspar multiple diffusion domain (MDD) thermal histories at the Grayback normal fault block, Arizona, USA
Authors: Wong Martin S. , al. et 
Published: July 2023

<p>Sample collection and processing, <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar analyses, modeling procedure, Tables S1–S8, and Figures S1–S10. </p>
Development of a System for Biosynthesis, Isolation and Purification of the Holoform of Recombinant Human Neuroglobin and Its Characteristics
Authors: Semenova M. A. , Bochkova Z. V. , Smirnova O. M. , Ignatova A. A. , Parshina E. Y. , Ziganshin R. H. , Bocharov E. V. , Brazhe N. A. , Maksimov G. V. , Kirpichnikov M. P. , Dolgikh D. A. , Chertkova R. V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract—An efficient system for the biosynthesis, isolation and purification of recombinant human neuroglobin has been developed and optimized, which makes it possible to produce protein in quantities sufficient to study its properties. According to UV-visible, IR-, CD-, and NMR spectroscopy data, recombinant neuroglobin is a structured protein in the holoform state. The data of chromato-mass-spectrometric analysis made it possible to conclude that there is a correctly formed disulfide bond in the structure of the oxidized form of the protein. Using Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with laser excitation at 532 nm, it was shown that heme in the reduced and oxidized forms of neuroglobin has vibrational degrees of freedom typical ofb-type hemes, and the iron atom is hexacoordinated. Using Raman spectroscopy with laser excitation at 633 nm, it was found that reduced –SH-groups were present in reduced neuroglobin, while in oxidized neuroglobin a disulfide bridge was formed. The results obtained serve as the basis for detailed studies of the functioning of neuroglobin as a neuroprotector, in particular, during its interaction with oxidized cytochromec, which is released from mitochondria in violation of their functioning and/or morphology.
From Peptides to Receptors
Authors: Tsetlin V. I. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract—
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Institute of Chemistry of Natural Compounds developed a topochemical approach for designing new biologically active peptide compounds, the applicability of which to the creation of inhibitors and effective substrates of proteolytic enzymes was shown by the author of this review under the direct supervision of V.T. Ivanov. The next task was to establish the conformation of protein neurotoxins from snake venoms and to study the topography of their binding to the target, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from the electric organ of the Torpedo marmorata ray. With selectively labeled derivatives containing one fluorescent or spin label on established amino acid residues, neurotoxin residues in contact with nAChR were identified for the first time. Later, in collaboration with the laboratory of V.T. Ivanov, new analogs of α-conotoxins (peptide neurotoxins from venomous Conus mollusks), were synthesized including their photoactivated derivatives, which showed the participation of all Torpedo nAChR subunits in the binding of α-conotoxins. In the final part, the review briefly presents the recent achievements of the Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling (headed by V.I. Tsetlin) concerning the isolation and synthesis of new peptide and protein neurotoxins and the study of how they work.
Understanding caregiver experiences with disease-modifying therapies for spinal muscular atrophy: a qualitative study
Authors: Xiao Lena , Kang Sohee , Djordjevic Djurdja , Gonorazky Hernan , Chiang Jackie , Ambreen Munazzah , Nigro Elisa , Law Eugenia , Weinstock Lauren , McCradden Melissa , Amin Reshma 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder that manifests with motor deterioration and respiratory complications. The paradigm of care is shifting as disease-modifying therapies including nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec and risdiplam alter the disease trajectory of SMA. The objective of this study was to explore caregivers’ experiences with disease-modifying therapies for SMA.DesignQualitative study including semistructured interviews with caregivers of children with SMA who received disease-modifying therapies. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using content analysis.SettingThe Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada).ResultsFifteen family caregivers of children with SMA type 1 (n=5), type 2 (n=5) and type 3 (n=5) participated. There were two emerging themes and several subthemes (in parentheses): (1) inequities in access to disease-modifying therapies (variable regulatory approvals, prohibitively expensive therapies and insufficient infrastructure) and (2) patient and family experience with disease-modifying therapies (decision making, hope, fear and uncertainty).ConclusionThe caregiver experience with SMA has been transformed by the advent of disease-modifying therapies. Consistent and predictable access to disease-modifying therapies is a major concern for caregivers of children with SMA but is influenced by regulatory approvals, funding and eligibility criteria that are heterogenous across jurisdictions. Many caregivers described going to great lengths to access therapies, highlighting issues related to justice, such as equity and access. This diverse population reflects contemporary patients and families with SMA; their broad experiences may inform the healthcare delivery of other emerging orphan drugs.
Rest and exercise early after sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Leddy John J , Burma Joel S , Toomey Clodagh M , Hayden Alix , Davis Gavin A , Babl Franz E , Gagnon Isabelle , Giza Christopher C , Kurowski Brad G , Silverberg Noah D , Willer Barry , Ronksley Paul E , Schneider Kathryn J 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo synthesise the evidence regarding the risks and benefits of physical activity (PA), prescribed aerobic exercise treatment, rest, cognitive activity and sleep during the first 14 days after sport-related concussion (SRC).DesignMeta-analysis was performed for PA/prescribed exercise interventions and a narrative synthesis for rest, cognitive activity and sleep. Risk of bias (ROB) was determined using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and quality assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus. Searches were conducted in October 2019 and updated in March 2022.Eligibility criteriaOriginal research articles with sport-related mechanism of injury in >50% of study sample and that evaluated how PA, prescribed exercise, rest, cognitive activity and/or sleep impact recovery following SRC. Reviews, conference proceedings, commentaries, editorials, case series, animal studies and articles published before 1 January 2001 were excluded.Results46 studies were included and 34 had acceptable/low ROB. Prescribed exercise was assessed in 21 studies, PA in 15 studies (6 PA/exercise studies also assessed cognitive activity), 2 assessed cognitive activity only and 9 assessed sleep. In a meta-analysis of seven studies, PA and prescribed exercise improved recovery by a mean of −4.64 days (95% CI −6.69, –2.59). After SRC, early return to light PA (initial 2 days), prescribed aerobic exercise treatment (days 2–14) and reduced screen use (initial 2 days) safely facilitate recovery. Early prescribed aerobic exercise also reduces delayed recovery, and sleep disturbance is associated with slower recovery.ConclusionEarly PA, prescribed aerobic exercise and reduced screen time are beneficial following SRC. Strict physical rest until symptom resolution is not effective, and sleep disturbance impairs recovery after SRC.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020158928.
Criteria to achieve safe antimicrobial intravenous-to-oral switch in hospitalised adult populations: a systematic rapid review
Authors: Harvey Eleanor J , McLeod Monsey , De Brún Caroline , Ashiru-Oredope Diane 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThis rapid review aimed to assess and collate intravenous-to-oral switch (IVOS) criteria from the literature to achieve safe and effective antimicrobial IVOS in the hospital inpatient adult population.DesignThe rapid review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.Data sourcesOVID Embase and Medline databases.Eligibility criteriaArticles of adult populations published globally between 2017 and 2021 were included.Data extraction and synthesisAn Excel spreadsheet was designed with specific column headings. IVOS criteria from UK hospital IVOS policies informed the framework synthesis.ResultsIVOS criteria from 45/164 (27%) local IVOS policies were categorised into a five-section framework: (1) timing of IV antimicrobial review, (2) clinical signs and symptoms, (3) infection markers, (4) enteral route and (5) infection exclusions. The literature search identified 477 papers, of which 16 were included. The most common timing for review was 48–72 hours from initiation of intravenous antimicrobial (n=5, 30%). Nine studies (56%) stated clinical signs and symptoms must be improving. Temperature was the most frequently mentioned infection marker (n=14, 88%). Endocarditis had the highest mention as an infection exclusion (n=12, 75%). Overall, 33 IVOS criteria were identified to go forward into the Delphi process.ConclusionThrough the rapid review, 33 IVOS criteria were collated and presented within five distinct and comprehensive sections. The literature highlighted the possibility of reviewing IVOS before 48–72 hours and of presenting heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate as a combination early warning score criterion. The criteria identified can serve as a starting point of IVOS criteria review for any institution globally, as no country or region limits were applied. Further research is required to achieve consensus on IVOS criteria from healthcare professionals that manage patients with infections.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022320343.
How can we elicit health workers’ preferences for measures to reduce informal payments? A mixed methods approach to developing a discrete choice experiment in Tanzania
Authors: Binyaruka Peter , Angell Blake , McKee Martin , Andreoni Antonio , Mamdani Masuma , Hutchinson Eleanor , Balabanova Dina 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveWhile discrete choice experiments (DCEs) have been used in other fields as a means of eliciting respondent preferences, these remain relatively new in studying corrupt practices in the health sector. This study documents and discusses the process of developing a DCE to inform policy measures aimed at addressing informal payments for healthcare in Tanzania.DesignA mixed methods design was used to systematically develop attributes for the DCE. It involved five stages: a scoping literature review, qualitative interviews, a workshop with health providers and managers, expert review and a pilot study.SettingDar es Salaam and Pwani regions in Tanzania.ParticipantsHealth workers and health managers.ResultsA large number of factors were identified as driving informal payments in Tanzania and thus represent potential areas for policy intervention. Through iterative process involving different methods (qualitative and quantitative) and seeking consensus views by diverse actors, we derived six attributes for a DCE: mode of payment, supervision at the facility level, opportunity for private practice, awareness and monitoring, disciplinary measures against informal payments and incentive payment for staff if a facility has less informal payments. 12 choice sets were generated and piloted with 15 health workers from 9 health facilities. The pilot study revealed that respondents could easily understand the attributes and levels, answered all the choice sets and appeared to be trading between the attributes. The results from the pilot study had expected signs for all attributes.ConclusionsWe elicited attributes and levels for a DCE to identify the acceptability and preferences of potential policy interventions to address informal payments in Tanzania through a mixed-methods approach. We argue that more attention is needed to the process of defining attributes for the DCE, which needs to be rigorous and transparent in order to derive reliable and policy-relevant findings.
Information provision to caregivers of children with rare dermatological disorders: an international multimethod qualitative study
Authors: Walsh Carleen , Leavey Gerard , McLaughlin Marian 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo identify service-provided information needs among dermatological caregivers of patients living with ichthyosis.DesignThis is the first online international qualitative study to explore caregiver-reported service-provided information needs, using transnational focus groups (n=6), individual interviews (n=7) and in-depth emails (n=5). NVivo facilitated the coding process and Framework Analysis was applied.SettingCaregivers were recruited through two online ichthyosis support groups and resided across 10 countries and 5 continents (USA, Greece, Netherlands, Ireland, UK, Canada, India, Philippines, Switzerland and Australia).ParticipantsA purposive sample of 8 male and 31 female caregivers participated (mean age range 35–44 years). Participants were aged 18 years old or older and fluent in English. Participants cared for a total of 46 children (1:1 ratio for child gender and clinical classification of disease severity). Participants represented all stages along the care continuum, including neonatal intensive care unit and bereavement.ResultsThis study advances understanding of how to optimise information-sharing across hospital, community and online settings at three points along the care continuum (screening, active caregiving and survivorship). Timely, personalised and appropriate service-provided information support was considered key in influencing the self-efficacy, coping ability and psychosocial well-being of both the caregiver and their child. The modification of information support, through feedback loops, can result in a different bidirectional psychosocial impact for the caregiver and the affected child.ConclusionOur findings provide a novel insight into how existing gaps between caregiver expectations and needs, in terms of information support, can be addressed. As information support is a modifiable factor, improved healthcare education around these themes should become an urgent public health matter to inform future educational and psychosocial interventions.