bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world evaluation of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
Authors: Montalban Xavier , Matthews Paul M. , Simpson Alex , Petrie John L. , Sammon Cormac , Ramagopalan Sreeram , Disanto Giulio , Kuhle Jens 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcross its clinical development program, ocrelizumab demonstrated efficacy in improving clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis, including annualized relapse rates and confirmed disability progression. However, as with any new treatment, it was unclear how this efficacy would translate into real‐world clinical practice. The objective of this study was to systematically collate the published real‐world clinical effectiveness data for ocrelizumab in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and primary progressive multiple sclerosis. A search strategy was developed in MEDLINE and Embase to identify articles reporting real‐world evidence in people with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis or primary progressive multiple sclerosis receiving treatment with ocrelizumab. The search focused on English language articles only but was not limited by the country in which the study was conducted or the time frame of the study. Additional manual searches of relevant websites were also performed. Fifty‐two studies were identified reporting relevant evidence. Real‐world effectiveness data for ocrelizumab were consistently favorable, with reductions in relapse rate and disease progression rates similar to those reported in the OPERA I/OPERA II and ORATORIO clinical trials, including in studies with more diverse patient populations not well represented in the pivotal trials. Although direct comparisons are confounded by lack of randomization of treatments, outcomes reported suggest that ocrelizumab has a similar or greater efficacy than other therapy options. Initial real‐world effectiveness data for ocrelizumab appear favorable and consistent with results reported in clinical trials, providing clinicians with an efficacious option to treat patients with multiple sclerosis.
Robust Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Infiltrated Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Structural Supercapacitors: from Reductive Dissolution to High Performance Devices
Authors: Senokos Evgeny , Anthony David B. , Rubio Noelia , Ribadeneyra Maria Crespo , Greenhalgh Emile S. , Shaffer Milo S. P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultifunctional electrodes for structural supercapacitors are prepared by vacuum infiltration of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into woven carbon fibers (CFs); the use of reductive charging chemistry to form nanotubide solutions ensured a high degree of individualization. The route is highly versatile, as shown by comparing four different commercial nanotube feedstocks. In film form, the pure nanotubide networks (“buckypapers”) are highly conductive (up to 2000 S cm−1) with high surface area (>1000 m2 g−1) and great electrochemical performance (capacitance of 101 F g−1, energy density of 27.5 Wh kg−1 and power density of 135 kW kg−1). Uniformly integrating these SWCNT networks throughout the CF fabrics significantly increased electrical conductivity (up to 318 S cm−1), surface area (up to 196 m2 g−1), and in‐plane shear properties, all simultaneously. The CNT‐infiltrated CFs electrodes exhibited intrinsically high specific energy (2.6–4.2 Wh kg−1) and power (6.0–8.7 kW kg−1) densities in pure 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM TFSI) electrolyte. Multifunctional structural supercapacitors based on CNT‐coated CFs offer a substantial increase in capacitive performance while maintaining the tensile mechanical properties of the as‐received CF‐based composite. This non‐damaging approach to modify CFs with highly graphitic, high surface area nanocarbons provides a new route to structural energy storage systems.
Ultralong Near Infrared Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Cu(I) Metal‐Organic Framework Based‐on D–π–A–π–D Linkers
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Jia‐Jia , Yin Shao‐Yun , Li Meng‐Yang , Hou Ya‐Jun , Wang Dan , Mo Jun‐Ting , Chen Guang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMaterials taking abundant advantage of triplet states luminescence have risen lots of attention in decades. In this work, a Cu(I) metal‐organic framework (MOF) with synchronous metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state and triplet emission of the ligand is synthesized from a D–π–A–π–D ligand with suitable energy gap. The Cu(I) MOF possessed MLCT emission in the range of 450–505 nm with microsecond lifetimes (1.07 to 5.38 µs) and a triplet state emission in near infrared (NIR) region ≈705 nm with lifetimes of 1.85 ms at 300 K and 25.16 ms at 77 K, much longer than those of reported Cu(I) MOFs. Moreover, a white light is obtained through adjusting the relative intensity of dual peaks. More importantly, NIR long persistent luminescence of Cu‐MOF is observed by naked eyes under cryogenic condition. Multiple factors such as the delicate design of the D–π–A–π–D structure of ligand, the enhanced spin‐orbital coupling by Cu(I) networks, and the tight packing mode of the framework promote the generation of MLCT emission and ultralong NIR room temperature phosphorescence. The combination of calculation and experiment to analyse the luminescence mechanism of Cu(I) MOFs provides ideas for the development of Cu(I)‐based intelligently responsive materials with RTP properties.
Lateral WSe2 Homojunction through Metal Contact Doping: Excellent Self‐powered Photovoltaic Photodetector
Authors: Li Yubao , Xiao Jingchao , Cao Xinqi , Gu Zhiwei , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere an IR‐heating chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach enabling fast 2D‐growth of WSe2 thin films is reported, and the great potential of metal contact doping in building CVD‐grown WSe2‐based lateral homojunction is demonstrated by contacting with TiN/Ni metals in favor of holes/electrons injection. Shortening nanosheet channel to ≈2 µm leads to pronounced enhancement in the performance of diode. The fabricated WSe2‐based diode exhibits high rectification ratios without the need of gate modulation and can work efficiently as photovoltaic cell, with maximum open circuit voltage reaching up to 620 mV and a high power conversion efficiency over 15%, empowering it as superb self‐powered photodetector for visible to near‐infrared lights, with photoresponsivity over 0.5 A W−1 and a fast photoresponse speed of 10 µs under 520 nm illumination. It is of practical significance to achieve well‐performed photovoltaic devices with CVD‐grown WSe2 using fab‐friendly metals and simple processing, which will help pave the way toward future mass production of optoelectronic chips.
Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Zn Single Atoms and CuNx Clusters for Synergetic Catalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Hu Xiaosong , Liu Xinyu , Hu Xin , Zhao Chaoyue , Guan Qingxin , Li Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction is the initial and necessary step of CO2 hydrogenation to high value‐added products, and regulating the selectivity of CO is still a fundamental challenge. In the present study, an efficient catalyst (CuZnNx@C‐N) composed by Zn single atoms and Cu clusters stabilized by nitrogen sites is reported. It contains saturated four‐coordinate Zn‐N4 sites and low valence CuNx clusters. Monodisperse Zn induces the aggregation of pyridinic N to form Zn‐N4 and N4 structures, which show strong Lewis basicity and has strong adsorption for *CO2 and *COOH intermediates, but weak adsorption for *CO, thus greatly improves the CO2 conversion and CO selectivity. The catalyst calcined at 700 °C exhibits the highest CO2 conversion of 43.6% under atmospheric pressure, which is 18.33 times of Cu‐ZnO and close to the thermodynamic equilibrium conversion rate (49.9%) of CO2. In the catalytic process, CuNx not only adsorbs and activates H2, but also cooperates with the adjacent Zn‐N4 and N4 structures to jointly activate CO2 molecules and further promotes the hydrogenation of CO2. This synergistic mechanism will provide new insights for developing efficient hydrogenation catalysts.
Stabilization of Perovskite Lattice and Suppression of Sn2+/Sn4+ Oxidation via Formamidine Acetate for High Efficiency Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shurong , Yao Huanhuan , Zhu Weike , Wu Cheng , Tang Zhiyue , Liu Junke , Ding Liming , Hao Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTin halide lead‐free perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have received tremendous research interest recently due to their nearly ideal bandgap, broad light absorption, non‐toxicity, and environmental friendliness. However, the uncontrollable crystallization process and the facile oxidation of Sn2+ limit the further increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE). To solve these problems, a series of acetates are introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to regulate the crystallization process. It is revealed that formamidine acetate (FAAc) has strong COSn coordination with Sn2+ compared with acetic acid (HAc) and methylammonium acetate (MAAc), which can stabilize the lattice structure, minimize defect states and suppress the oxidation of Sn2+. Meanwhile, benefiting from this coordination ability, it not only leads to large‐size colloidal clusters in precursor but also slows down the crystallization process and improves the crystallinity of tin halide perovskite films. The device with FAAc achieved an increased PCE from initially 9.84% to 12.43%, and it could maintain 94% of its initial value for 2000 h in N2 atmosphere. This work provides a feasible strategy for depositing high‐quality tin perovskite films with low defect density and lattice distortion, which will be crucial for related photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices.
Effects of Multiple Ion Reactions Based on a CoSe2/MXene Cathode in Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Zeyu , Lin Qifeng , Li Yilin , Han Wei , Wang Lili 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (RAIBs) have emerged as a promising battery storage technology owing to their cost‐effectiveness, operational safety, and high energy density. However, their actual capacity is substantially lower than their true capacity and their cycling stability is poor. Therefore, understanding the energy‐storage mechanism may contribute to the successful design of a stable electrode material, on which the performance can be optimized. The aim of this study is to investigate AlCl4− ions in transition metal cathode materials and mechanisms that enable for their high‐energy‐storage potential and low Coulombic efficiency. Results of theoretical analysis and experimental verification show that a multi‐ion transport mechanism is responsible for the electrochemical behavior of the battery. The lattice distortion of CoSe2 caused by AlCl4− ion intercalation, has a considerable effect on the initial stability of the battery. MXene as a support material reduces the size of CoSe2 growing on its surface, effectively inhibiting the lattice distortion caused by the interaction with the aluminum‐anion complex, thus addressing the issues of poor reversibility, cycle instability, and low Coulombic efficiency of the battery. Hence, understanding the impact of MXene on the battery may aid in further improving the design of electrode materials.
25.24%‐Efficiency FACsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Intermolecular Esterification Reaction of DL‐Carnitine Hydrochloride
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhou Hui , Duan Yuwei , Wu Meizi , He Kun , Li Yong , Xu Dongfang , Zou Hong , Yang Shaoming , Fang Zhimin , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike 
Published: February 2023

AbstractJudicious tailoring of the interface between the SnO2 electron‐transport layer and the perovskite buried surface plays a pivotal role in obtaining highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a DL‐carnitine hydrochloride (DL) is incorporated into the perovskite/SnO2 interface to suppress the defect‐states density. A DL‐dimer is obtained at the interface by an intermolecular esterification reaction. For the SnO2 film, the Cl− in the DL‐dimer can passivate oxygen vacancies (VO) through electrostatic coupling, while the N in the DL‐dimer can coordinate with the Sn4+ to passivate Sn‐related defects. For the perovskite film, the DL‐dimer can passivate FA+ defects via hydrogen bonding and Pb‐related defects more efficiently than the DL monomer. Upon DL‐dimer modification, the interfacial defects are effectively passivated and the quality of the resultant perovskite film is improved. As a result, the DL‐treated device achieves a gratifying open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.20 V and a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.24%, which is a record value among all the reported FACsPbI3 PSCs to date. In addition, the unencapsulated devices exhibit a charming stability, sustaining 99.20% and 90.00% of their initial PCEs after aging in air for 1200 h and continuously operating at the maximum power point tracking for 500 h, respectively.
Refreshment of SrTiO3 Substrate for Layer Peeling‐off using Sacrificial Sr3Al2O6
Authors: Wang Jie , Liang Yuhan , Wang Yue , Yang Shengan , Zhang Xinyu , Huang Xin , Wang Yajuan , Liang Zhaowei , Ma Ji , Zhang Hui , Chen Qingming , Ma Jing , Lin Yuan‐Hua , Wu Liang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of water‐soluble sacrificial layer of Sr3Al2O6 has tremendously boosted the research on freestanding functional oxide thin films, especially thanks to its ultimate capability to produce high‐quality epitaxial perovskite thin films. However, the costly single‐crystalline substrates, e.g., SrTiO3, are generally discarded after obtaining the freestanding thin films. Here, it is demonstrated that the SrTiO3 substrates can be recycled to fabricate La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films with nearly identical structural and electrical properties. After attaining freestanding thin films, the residues on SrTiO3 can be removed by 80 °C hot water soaking and rinsing treatments. Consequently, the surface of SrTiO3 reverted to its original step‐and‐terrace structure.
Asymmetric Electrode Work Function Customization via Top Electrode Replacement in Ferroelectric and Field‐Induced Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Fields Shelby S. , Jaszewski Samantha T. , Lenox Megan K. , Ihlefeld Jon F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNon‐volatile memory device structures such as ferroelectric random‐access memory and ferroelectric tunnel junctions employ switchable spontaneous polarization to hold binary states. These devices can potentially benefit from the imposition of spontaneous internal biases and their resulting effect on the polarization properties of the ferroelectric (or field‐induced ferroelectric/antiferroelectric) layer. While HfO2‐based thin films are ideal candidates for implementation into these devices due to their scalability and silicon compatibility, the phase purity of these oxides is sensitive to the selection of electrode material, preventing incorporation of asymmetric electrode layers into such structures. Within this work, electrode replacement following post‐metallization anneal processing is introduced as a route to achieve ferroelectric and field‐induced ferroelectric HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO) thin films with electrode‐independent phase constitutions. The effects of this process and the corresponding internal biases imposed across the HZO layers due to asymmetric work functions are investigated. It is shown that internal biases vary in magnitude in accordance with prediction based on the work functions of the replaced electrode layers and affect remanent polarization magnitudes. Accordingly, electrode replacement presents a processing route that can readily produce HZO films with spontaneous internal biases and electrode‐independent phase constitutions, facilitating implementation of these ferroelectrics into the next generation device structures.
A Soft and Stretchable Multielectrode Cuff for Selective Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Lienemann Samuel , Donahue Mary J. , Zötterman Johan , Farnebo Simon , Tybrandt Klas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBioelectronic medicine can treat diseases and disorders in humans by electrically interfacing with peripheral nerves. Multielectrode cuffs can be used for selective stimulation of portions of the nerve, which is advantageous for treatment specificity. The biocompatibility and conformability of cuffs can be improved by reducing the mechanical mismatch between nerve tissue and cuffs, but selective stimulation of nerves has yet to be achieved with soft and stretchable cuff electrodes. Here, this paper reports the development of a soft and stretchable multielectrode cuff (sMEC) for selective nerve stimulation. The device is made of 50 µm thick silicone with embedded gold nanowire conductors, which renders it functional at 50% strain, and provides superior conformability for wrapping nerves. By using different stimulation protocols, high functional selectivity is achieved with the sMEC's eight stimulation electrodes in a porcine sciatic nerve model. Finite element modeling is used to predict the potential distribution within the nerve, which correlate well with the achieved stimulation results. Recent studies are showing that mechanical softness is of outermost importance for reducing foreign body response. It is therefore believed that the soft high‐performance sMEC technology is ideal for future selective peripheral nerve interfaces for bioelectronic medicine.
Microscale Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Ultra‐Fine, Embedded Cu/Ag(shell)–P4VP(core) Grid for Flexible Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Houchao , Zhu Xiaoyang , Zhou Junyi , Li Hongke , Li Zhenghao , Sun Luanfa , Wang Rui , Zhang Fan , Xu Quan , Zhao Jiawei , Huang Youqi , Yang Wenchao , Zhang Guangming , Lan Hongbo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with embedded metal mesh composed of composite materials or structures have excellent comprehensive performance, which has attracted extensive attention, but it also brings great challenges to its manufacturing. Herein, a simple and cost‐effective fabrication process free of template, vacuum processes is proposed for high‐performance FTEs with ultra‐fine embedded Cu/Ag(shell)–P4VP(core) conductive grid via a microscale hybrid additive manufacturing technique. The produced FTE exhibits excellent properties with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω, a transmittance of 93% at a line pitch of 250 µm, and an ultra‐fine line width of 4 µm, low surface roughness (Ra ≈ 5.28 nm), and excellent mechanical stability (no change in Rs after 100 adhesion and 150 scratch tests). The FTEs expose only a few conductive areas, which make it excellent environmental stability (no change in Rs after exposure to humidity environment for 72 h). The flexible electroluminescent device fabricated with this FTE has good bending and luminescent properties, showing great potential for flexible optoelectronic applications.
A Bioinspired Smart Adhesion Actuator with Fast‐Driving and Self‐Sensing Capability
Authors: Xiang Chenxing , Ning Huiming , Hu Ning , Zhang Lidan , Zou Rui , Li Alamusi , Liu Feng , Huang Kaiyan , Wen Jie , Wang Shu , Wu Xiaopeng , Song Zengrui , Liu Yaolu , Wu Liangke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmart adhesion actuators have played an increasingly important role in industrial manufacturing, medical equipment, and other applications of daily life. Inspired by the octopus sucker, a smart bionic adhesion actuator is designed that uses hydrogel‐based materials with a photothermal effect to simulate the contraction and relaxation of octopus sucker muscles, enabling it to rapidly grasp and release objects weighing more than 24 times its own weight, while having good cyclic stability. The magnitude of the grasping force can be monitored in real time through an additional sensing structure, which is similar to the nerves of octopus sucker. By sensing and adjusting the state of adsorption, controllable adsorption can be achieved using this self‐sensing function, thereby greatly improving energy efficiency. It provides a new direction for the design of smart bionic adhesion actuators with hydrogels.
Single‐Molecule Electronic Biosensors: Principles and Applications
Authors: Chang Xinyue , Huo Yani , Zhao Cong , Sun Wanqi , Song Ziqi , Qi Ziyuan , Wang Jinying , Jia Chuancheng , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSingle‐biomolecule electronic sensing techniques are of great importance in many fields, from medical diagnosis to disease surveillance. As the physiological changes of single biomolecules can be converted into measurable electrical signals, single‐molecule electronic biosensors can realize real‐time, highly sensitive, and high‐bandwidth detection of individual intra‐ or inter‐molecular interactions. These powerful single‐molecule sensing devices have demonstrated key advantages in precisely providing rare and detailed intermediate information along reaction pathways and revealing unique properties hidden in ensemble measurements. This review summarizes significant advances in single‐molecule electronic biosensors, emphasizing biomolecule recognition, interaction, and reaction dynamics at the single‐molecule level. Sensor configurations, sensing mechanisms, and representative applications are also discussed. Furthermore, a perspective on the use of photoelectric integrated systems for synchronous sensing of the electrical and optical signals of single biomolecules is provided.
Design Intelligent Pressure Sensing Devices and System Integrated with Conductor‐Coated Porous Composites
Authors: Shen Junhao , Gong Danni , Li Peiyang , Sun Yuhan , Zuo Shaohua , Shi Fuwen , Wu Xing , Chu Junchao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPorous composite pressure sensors have the advantage of a wide deformation range owing to their structural characteristics. It is one of the building blocks for wearable intelligent devices and systems. Conductor‐coated porous composites (CCPCs), consisting of a conductive coating and an insulating elastomeric skeleton, exhibit low modulus, high compressibility, and a facile fabrication process. Pressure sensors developed based on CCPCs provide specific intelligent wearable sensor applications, including high‐resolution pressure detection and multimodal sensing under extremely compressing environments. Here, representative works on the fabrication, performance, and applications of CCPC devices are reviewed. The “state‐of‐the‐art” compilation of the most sophisticated design strategy of CCPCs with durable, low hysteresis, high sensitivity, and wide detection range is summarized, which also ensures instructive significance for the design of other pressure devices based on soft matter and rigid conductors. Finally, the intelligent device and system scenarios of CCPC devices are introduced.