bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardio-cutaneous fistulae—beware the late sternal wound lesion
Authors: Ratnaraj Vignesh , Ivanov Asen , Buratto Edward , Skillington Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCardio-cutaneous fistula is a very rare complication of cardiac surgery, and the optimal management strategy is unclear. We present a case of a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit (RV–PA) forming a cutaneous fistulate that was successfully surgically repaired. A 43-year-old male presented for an elective RV–PA conduit replacement with a cutaneous skin lesion and associated sub-sternal collection. The patient underwent redo-sternotomy for the previous surgical replacement RV–PA conduit, of pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and ligation of main aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries in childhood, with the subsequent upgrade of the RV–PA conduit using pulmonary homograft. Upon entry into the thoracic cavity, it was clear that there was a direct fistula formed from the RV–PA conduit that was responsible for the skin lesion and hence a direct communication to the PA. We discuss the surgical method and surrounding discussions regarding Cardio-cutaneous fistula in a successful surgical repair when the pathology is difficult to truly identify preoperatively.
Twenty-year trends in the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in young acute coronary syndrome patients hospitalized in Switzerland
Authors: Mahendiran Thabo , Hoepli André , Foster-Witassek Fabienne , Rickli Hans , Roffi Marco , Eberli Franz , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Jeger Raban , Radovanovic Dragana , Fournier Stephane ,   the AMIS Plus Investigators, Lessing P , Hess F , Simon R , Hangartner P J , Hufschmid U , Jeger R , Altwegg L , Schönfelder A , Windecker S , Pilgrim T , Loretan P , Roethlisberger C , Evéquoz D , Mang G , Ryser D , Niedermaier G , Kistler W , Droll A , Hongler T , Stäuble S , Freiwald G , Schmid H P , Stauffer J C , Cook S , Bietenhard K , Roffi M , Oertli B , Schönenberger R , Schmidli M , Federspital B , Weiss E M , Weber K , Zender H , Steffen C , Poepping I , Hugi A , Frei J , Koltai E , Muller O , Pedrazzini G , Erne P , Cuculi F , Heimes T , Pagnamenta A , Urban P , Stettler C , Repond F , Widmer F , Heimgartner C , Polikar R , Bassetti S , Ernst S , Iselin H U , Giger M , Egger P , Kaeslin T , Frey R , Fischer A , Herren T , Flury G , Neumeier C , Girod G , Vogel R , Niggli B , Rickli H , Nossen J , Stoller U , Bächli E , Eriksson U , Fischer T , Peter M , Gasser S , Fatio R , Wyss C , Bertel O , Maggiorini M , Stähli B , Eberli F , Christen S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) play a key role in the development of coronary artery disease. We evaluated 20-year trends in RF prevalence among young adults hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Switzerland.

Methods and results
Data were analysed from the Acute Myocardial Infarction in Switzerland (AMIS) Plus registry from 2000 to 2019. Young patients were defined as those aged &lt;50 years. Among 58 028 ACS admissions, 7073 (14.1%) were young (median 45.6 years, IQR 42.0–48.0), of which 91.6% had at least one modifiable RF and 59.0% had at least two RFs. Smoking was the most prevalent RF (71.4%), followed by dyslipidaemia (57.3%), hypertension (35.9%), obesity (21.7%), and diabetes (10.1%). Compared with older patients, young patients were more likely to be obese (21.7% vs. 17.4%, P &lt; 0.001) and active smokers (71.4% vs. 33.9%, P &lt; 0.001). Among young patients, between 2000 and 2019, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from 29.0% to 51.3% and obesity from 21.2% to 27.1% (both Ptrend &lt; 0.001) but a significant decrease in active smoking from 72.5% to 62.5% (Ptrend = 0.02). There were no significant changes in the prevalence of diabetes (Ptrend = 0.32) or dyslipidaemia (Ptrend = 0.067).

Conclusion
Young ACS patients in Switzerland exhibit a high prevalence of RFs and are more likely than older patients to be obese and smokers. Between 2000 and 2019, RF prevalence either increased or remained stable, except for smoking which decreased but still affected approximately two-thirds of young patients in 2019. Public health initiatives targeting RFs in young adults in Switzerland are warranted.
Trends in cardiovascular risk factors control among US adults by glycemic statuses, 2007–2018
Authors: Yuan Sheng , Song Chenxi , He Jining , Zhang Rui , Bian Xiaohui , Song Weihua , Dou Kefei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Understanding the national trends in cardiovascular risk factors control of individuals with prediabetes and diabetes is critical for diabetes prevention and management. Our study aims to estimate how cardiovascular risk factors changed in US adults with different glycemic statuses between 2007–2008 and 2017–2018.

Methods and results
This was a serial cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (between 2007–2008 and 2017–2018 cycle). Non-pregnant American participants aged 20 years or older were included. Cardiovascular risk factors including weight, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and smoking by glycemic statuses were estimated. A total of 33 040 American adults were included. From 2007–2008 to 2017–2018, the age-adjusted proportions of individuals who reached weight control (body mass index &lt;30 kg/m2) of both normoglycemia group and prediabetes group had a significant decrease over the study period, while the trend in participants with diabetes was not significant (mean difference: -5.34%, 95% confidence interval: -15.28%, 4.59%; P for trend = 0.298). The age-adjusted means of total cholesterol of all three groups decreased during the study decade (P for trend &lt; 0.010), with participants with diabetes maintaining the lowest level. Individuals with high total cholesterol were more likely to receive statin therapy in the diabetes group. Notably, prediabetes participants had the highest level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and were less likely to achieve lipid control with statin therapy. Sensitivity analysis with the second definition of prediabetes and diabetes resulted in a consistent trend.

Conclusions
In this nationally representative cross-sectional study, we systematically estimated the cardiovascular risk factors control in American adults and found poor weight control in the normoglycemia and prediabetes group. Despite the significant decrease trend of plasma total cholesterol in all groups, the high cholesterol level in the prediabetes group deserves special concern.
Ecologically diverse island-associated lizard radiation shows idiosyncratic trait diversification shifts and homogenous speciation dynamics
Authors: Skipwith Phillip L , Oliver Paul M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A key area of interest in evolutionary biology has been understanding the role of ecological opportunity in the formation of adaptive radiations, lineages where speciation and phenotypic diversification are driven by open ecological opportunity. Evolutionary theory posits that adaptive radiations should show initial bursts of ecomorphological diversification and rapid speciation, and that these two processes are correlated. Here, we investigate and contrast these predictions across ecomorphologically diverse continental (Australia) and insular (New Caledonia and New Zealand) radiations of diplodactyloid geckos. We test two key hypotheses: (a) that island colonization and the transition to novel niche-space has resulted in increased rates of speciation and trait diversification and (b) that rates of morphological diversification are correlated across multiple trait axes. Surprisingly, we find that speciation rate is homogenous and morphological diversification rates are idiosyncratic and uncorrelated with speciation rates. Tests of morphological integration suggests that while all traits coevolve, constraint may act differentially on individual axes. This accords with a growing number of studies indicating that ecologically diverse and species-rich radiations can show limited or no evidence of exceptional regime shifts in speciation dynamics or morphological diversification, especially in continental contexts.
Ice Age effects on genetic divergence of the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in Panama: reconstructing limits of gene flow and environmental ranges: a reply to O’Dea et al.
Authors: Avila-Cervantes Jose , Larsson Hans C E 
Published: March 2023

AbstractO’Dea et al. (2022) (Pleistocene sea level changes and crocodile population histories on the isthmus of panama: a comment on Avila-Cervantes et al. (2020). Evolution, 76(11), 2778–2783. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14610) question our hypothesis that sea-level changes during the past glaciation played a role in restricting gene flow between Pacific and Caribbean Crocodylus acutus in Panama. They argue that an error in sea-level high-stand reconstruction during the last interglacial period (118–130 ka) does not support our hypothesis. Although they are correct in our high-stand reconstruction error, overlooked the point in that we were presenting a model of restricted gene flow across the Panamanian Isthmus during low sea levels. We review the assumptions of gene demographic methods, emphasizing that we were focusing on times of genetic divergence. We expand here why gene flow between these coastal populations could have been restricted during the last glacial maximum (19–26.5 ka) and the 50,000 years preceding it when sea levels were lower than today. O’Dea et al. suggest local climates may have played larger roles than sea levels. We demonstrate that paleoclimate estimates for the past 3.3 Ma in Panama are within the bounds of extant C. acutus. The importance of Ice Age Sea-level dynamics on Neotropical species was likely profound and should be incorporated into evolutionary studies of these taxa.
Polygamy and purifying selection in birds
Authors: Wanders Kees , Chen Guangji , Feng Shaohong , Zhang Guojie , Székely Tamás , Bruford Mike , Végvári Zsolt , Eichhorn Götz , Urrutia Araxi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGood genes theories of sexual selection predict that polygamy will be associated with more efficient removal of deleterious alleles (purifying selection), due to the alignment of sexual selection with natural selection. On the other hand, runaway selection theories expect no such alignment of natural and sexual selection, and may instead predict less efficient purifying selection in polygamous species due to higher reproductive variance. In an analysis of polymorphism data extracted from 150-bird genome assemblies, we show that polygamous species carry significantly fewer nonsynonymous polymorphisms, relative to synonymous polymorphisms, than monogamous bird species (p = .0005). We also show that this effect is independent of effective population size, consistent with the alignment of natural selection with sexual selection and “good genes” theories of sexual selection. Further analyses found no impact of polygamy on genetic diversity, while polygamy in females (polyandry) had a marginally significant impact (p = .045). We also recapitulate previous findings that smaller body mass and greater geographic range size are associated with more efficient purifying selection, more intense GC-biased gene conversion, and greater genetic diversity.
Local adaptation in shell shape traits of a brooding chiton with strong population genomic differentiation
Authors: M Salloum Priscila , D Lavery Shane , de Villemereuil Pierre , W Santure Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComparing divergence in quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers, such as QST–FST comparisons, provides a means to distinguish between natural selection and genetic drift as causes of population differentiation in complex polygenic traits. Onithochiton neglectus (Rochebrune, 1881) is a morphologically variable chiton endemic to New Zealand, with populations distributed over a broad latitudinal environmental gradient. In this species, the morphological variants cluster into 2 geographically separated shell shape groups, and the phenotypic variation in shell shape has been hypothesized to be adaptive. Here, we assessed this hypothesis by comparing neutral genomic differentiation between populations (FST) with an index of phenotypic differentiation (PST). We used 7,562 putatively neutral single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 15 populations and 3 clades of O. neglectus throughout New Zealand to infer FST. PST was calculated from 18 shell shape traits and gave highly variable estimates across populations, clades, and shape groups. By systematically comparing PST with FST, we identified evidence of local adaptation in a number of the O. neglectus shell shape traits. This supports the hypothesis that shell shape could be an adaptive trait, potentially correlated with the ability to live and raft in kelp holdfasts.
Multilevel selection on social network traits differs between sexes in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
Authors: Costello Robin A , Cook Phoebe A , Brodie Edmund D , Formica Vincent A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Both individual and group behavior can influence individual fitness, but multilevel selection is rarely quantified on social behaviors. Social networks provide a unique opportunity to study multilevel selection on social behaviors, as they describe complex social traits and patterns of interaction at both the individual and group levels. In this study, we used contextual analysis to measure the consequences of both individual network position and group network structure on individual fitness in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus) with two different resource distributions. We found that males with high individual connectivity (strength) and centrality (betweenness) had higher mating success. However, group network structure did not influence their mating success. Conversely, we found that individual network position had no effect on female reproductive success but that females in populations with many social interactions experienced lower reproductive success. The strength of individual-level selection in males and group-level selection in females intensified when resources were clumped together, showing that habitat structure influences multilevel selection. Individual and emergent group social behavior both influence variation in components of individual fitness, but impact the male mating success and female reproductive success differently, setting up intersexual conflicts over patterns of social interactions at multiple levels.
Introduction history and hybridization determine the hydric balance of an invasive lizard facing a recent climate niche shift
Authors: Baeckens Simon , Losos Jonathan B , Irschick Duncan J , Kolbe Jason J , Bock Dan G 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs anthropogenic activities are increasing the frequency and severity of droughts, understanding whether and how fast populations can adapt to sudden changes in their hydric environment is critically important. Here, we capitalize on the introduction of the Cuban brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) in North America to assess the contemporary evolution of a widespread terrestrial vertebrate to an abrupt climatic niche shift. We characterized hydric balance in 30 populations along a large climatic gradient. We found that while evaporative and cutaneous water loss varied widely, there was no climatic cline, as would be expected under adaptation. Furthermore, the skin of lizards from more arid environments was covered with smaller scales, a condition thought to limit water conservation and thus be maladaptive. In contrast to environmental conditions, genome-averaged ancestry was a significant predictor of water loss. This was reinforced by our genome-wide association analyses, which indicated a significant ancestry-specific effect for water loss at one locus. Thus, our study indicates that the water balance of invasive brown anoles is dictated by an environment-independent introduction and hybridization history and highlights genetic interactions or genetic correlations as factors that might forestall adaptation. Alternative water conservation strategies, including behavioral mitigation, may influence the brown anole invasion success and require future examination.
Testing the predictability of morphological evolution in contrasting thermal environments
Authors: Pilakouta Natalie , Humble Joseph L , Hill Iain D C , Arthur Jessica , Costa Ana P B , Smith Bethany A , Kristjánsson Bjarni K , Skúlason Skúli , Killen Shaun S , Lindström Jan , Metcalfe Neil B , Parsons Kevin J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGaining the ability to predict population responses to climate change is a pressing concern. Using a “natural experiment,” we show that testing for divergent evolution in wild populations from contrasting thermal environments provides a powerful approach, and likely an enhanced predictive power for responses to climate change. Specifically, we used a unique study system in Iceland, where freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are found in waters warmed by geothermal activity, adjacent to populations in ambient-temperature water. We focused on morphological traits across six pairs from warm and cold habitats. We found that fish from warm habitats tended to have a deeper mid-body, a subterminally orientated jaw, steeper craniofacial profile, and deeper caudal region relative to fish from cold habitats. Our common garden experiment showed that most of these differences were heritable. Population age did not appear to influence the magnitude or type of thermal divergence, but similar types of divergence between thermal habitats were more prevalent across allopatric than sympatric population pairs. These findings suggest that morphological divergence in response to thermal habitat, despite being relatively complex and multivariate, are predictable to a degree. Our data also suggest that the potential for migration of individuals between different thermal habitats may enhance nonparallel evolution and reduce our ability to predict responses to climate change.
Did early shifts to bird pollination impose constraints onSalviaflower evolution?
Authors: Sazatornil Federico , Fornoni Juan , Fragoso-Martínez Itzi , Pérez-Ishiwara Rubén , Benitez-Vieyra Santiago 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA recent article by Kriebel et al. (2020) examines the relationship between floral shape evolution and pollination shifts in Salvia, a plant genus almost worldwide distributed, but particularly diverse in the New World. Kriebel et al. (2020) argue that a major shift to bird pollination at the origin of the subg. Calosphace (~20 million years ago [Mya]) imposed a legacy of constraints, resulting in significant differences in flower morphology between New World and Old World Salvia. However, reanalyses of the data using hidden states to account for the heterogeneity in evolutionary rates do not support an early origin of bird pollination in this group. Instead, bird pollination may have appeared after the arrival of modern hummingbirds to North America (15.5–12 Mya), as in other North American plant clades. The use of more complex models of ancestral state reconstruction into comparative analyses provides a different perspective to explain morphological differences within Salvia. Our results indicate that bird pollination did not impose constraints on corolla shape evolution. Evolutionary constraints in anther connective and style shapes may have arisen at the origin of Calosphace but they were not associated with shifts to hummingbird pollination, being more likely the product of contingent evolution.
Model selection, hummingbird natural history, and biological hypotheses: a response to Sazatornil et al.
Authors: Kriebel Ricardo , Rose Jeffrey P , Drew Bryan T , González-Gallegos Jesús G , Celep Ferhat , Heeg Luciann , Mahdjoub Mohamed M , Sytsma Kenneth J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have previously suggested that a shift from bee to hummingbird pollination, in concert with floral architecture modifications, occurred at the crown of Salvia subgenus Calosphace in North America ca. 20 mya (Kriebel et al. 2020 and references therein). Sazatornil et al. (2022), using a hidden states model, challenged these assertions, arguing that bees were the ancestral pollinator of subg. Calosphace and claiming that hummingbirds could not have been the ancestral pollinator of subg. Calosphace because hummingbirds were not contemporaneous with crown subg. Calosphace in North America. Here, using a variety of models, we demonstrate that most analyses support hummingbirds as ancestral pollinators of subg. Calosphace and show that Sazatornil et al. (2022) erroneously concluded that hummingbirds were absent from North America ca. 20 mya. We contend that “biological realism” – based on timing and placement of hummingbirds in Mexico ca. 20 mya and the correlative evolution of hummingbird associated floral traits – must be considered when comparing models based on fit and complexity, including hidden states models.
Age-specific effects of deletions: implications for aging theories
Authors: Brengdahl Martin I , Kimber Christopher M , Shenoi Vinesh Naresh , Dumea Miruna , Mital Avani , Friberg Urban 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe evolution of aging requires mutations with late-life deleterious effects. Classic theories assume these mutations either have neutral (mutation accumulation) or beneficial (antagonistic pleiotropy) effects early in life, but it is also possible that they start out as mildly harmful and gradually become more deleterious with age. Despite a wealth of studies on the genetics of aging, we still have a poor understanding of how common mutations with age-specific effects are and what aging theory they support. To advance our knowledge on this topic, we measure a set of genomic deletions for their heterozygous effects on juvenile performance, fecundity at 3 ages, and adult survival. Most deletions have age-specific effects, and these are commonly harmful late in life. Many of the deletions assayed here would thus contribute to aging if present in a population. Taking only age-specific fecundity into account, some deletions support antagonistic pleiotropy, but the majority of them better fit a scenario where their negative effects on fecundity become progressively worse with age. Most deletions have a negative effect on juvenile performance, a fact that strengthens the conclusion that deletions primarily contribute to aging through negative effects that amplify with age.
Fitness landscapes reveal context-dependent benefits of oviposition behavior
Authors: Ravi Kumar Vrinda , Agavekar Gaurav , Agashe Deepa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResource choice behavior has enormous fitness consequences and can drive niche expansion. However, individual behavioral choices are often mediated by context, determined by past experience. Do such context-dependent behaviors reflect maladaptive variation or are they locally adaptive? Using Tribolium castaneum (the red flour beetle), we demonstrate that context-dependent oviposition behavior reflects distinct, context-specific local fitness peaks. We measured offspring fitness to generate fitness landscapes as a function of all possible oviposition behaviors (i.e., combinations of fecundity and resource preference) in a habitat containing optimal and suboptimal resource patches. We did this by experimentally manipulating egg allocation across patches, which allowed us to assess behaviors not typically observed in the laboratory. We found that females from different age and competition contexts exhibit distinct behaviors which optimize different fitness components, linked in a tradeoff. With prior exposure to strong competition and increasing age, females produce few but fast-developing offspring that are advantageous under high resource competition. In contrast, young naïve females produce significantly more (but slower developing) offspring, which is beneficial under weak competition. Systematically mapping complete context-dependent fitness landscapes is thus critical to infer behavioral optimality and offers predictive power in novel contexts.