bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la volatilidad del precio internacional del barril de petróleo y su implicación en los estados financieros de las entidades públicas, caso empresas petroleras, periodos semestrales 2020-2021
Authors: Chaluisa-Ante Erika , Jiménez-Silva Erlinda 
Published: May 2023

El Ecuador es un país cuyo principal producto de exportación es el petróleo, por lo cual, se requiere de una eficiente administración económica y financiera en las empresas petroleras. No obstante, se identificó la limitada inversión en los campos de producción principalmente en Petroamazonas EP, que provocaron que el costo de producir sea elevado y no aporte a la generación de ingresos suficientes para el país. De tal manera, el objetivo de estudio fue analizar la volatilidad del precio internacional del barril de petróleo y su incidencia en los indicadores financieros de liquidez, endeudamiento, gestión y rentabilidad de las empresas Petroecuador y Petroamazonas EP mediante el análisis de los estados financieros del año 2018 al año 2021 para tener un mejor ratio de representación de los semestres 2020-2021. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología cuantitativa de alcance correlacional, cuyos resultados obtenidos demostraron índices aceptables de liquidez, mayor financiamiento de recursos propios, la rotación de cuentas por cobrar son mayores que la rotación de cuentas por pagar y que los indicadores de rentabilidad son mejores en la empresa Petroecuador a comparación de Petroamazonas EP. De tal manera se concluyó que, la empresa Petroecuador ha demostrado mantener una administración eficiente en el manejo de los indicadores financieros, por lo que, la fusión con la empresa de Petroamazonas EP en el año 2021 ha provocado una diminución en los mismos y su rentabilidad se ha visto afectada lo que ha puesto en desventaja los beneficios de los accionistas de la empresa.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LEARNING-BASED GAME METHOD TO IMPROVE ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACTIVENESS
Authors: Zega Yusnarita , Tangkin Wiyun Philipus 
Published: May 2023

Students’ learning activeness is crucial in the ongoing learning process. In fact, there are still students who do not have active in learning. Based on the observation, it was found that there were still students who did not have active in learning. Students never expressed opinions and questions, students were not enthusiastic, students played or talked with friends during the learning process, students hesitated to express opinions, students often got permission to leave class, and students did not contribute to group discussions. The solution to these problems is to apply the game method in learning. The aim is to explain that the application of the game method can increase the students’ activeness in learning during the learning process in the classroom. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The result is that the application of the game method can increase students’ learning activeness. It is marked by a change in the response showed by students in which students become enthusiastic while participating in learning, students actively ask and answer questions, and students are actively involved in discussions and some of them are in accordance with indicators of student’s learning activeness. Nevertheless, to obtain significant results, a teacher can apply this method repeatedly. As a Christian teacher, of course, the teacher must be able to use their abilities and intellect to see the problems that students are experiencing in class, then the teacher seeks the right solution based on Bible truth. The suggestion that can be given to teachers is to evaluate the problems of students’ learning activeness in order to be able to determine other methods that are more effective for the improvement of students’ learning activeness.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NUMBERED-HEAD-TOGETHER METHOD TO IMPROVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses the improvement of Class IV students’ learning process at SDN Segeran Kidul Indramayu by applying the Numbered-Head-Together cooperative learning model. The method used is classroom action research (CAR) using Kemmis and Mc. Taggart model for three cycles. The research instruments include student and teacher observation sheets, multiple-choice questions, and documentation. Data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the research imply that there was an improved learning process followed by significant learning outcomes. There was an increased percentage of students’ learning process at 51% in the first cycle. The increased percentage of students’ learning process in the second cycle was 69.38% with a significant percentage of 18.38% from the first cycle. In the third cycle, students fulfilled the learning process indicator of 84.5% with a significant percentage of 15.12% from the second cycle. This significant percentage was reinforced by the pre-test average score of 46.73 smaller than the post-test average score of 62.82 with a completeness percentage of 21.73% in the first cycle. The percentage of students’ learning outcomes in the second cycle was 47.82% with an average value of 72.17. The increased percentage was 26.09% based on the student’s learning outcomes in the first cycle. The percentage of students’ learning outcomes in the third cycle was 82.60% with an average value of 82.39. There was a significant percentage of 34.78% based on the student’s learning outcomes in the second cycle. These results have achieved the school’s minimum criteria of mastery learning indicator (KKM) at 75%. Therefore, the Numbered-Head-Together method is effective and able to increase the elementary school students’ learning process, especially at SDN Segeran Kidul Indramayu.
Participation of Local Administration Bodies of Provisional Military Administration and Reichskommissariat ‘Ukraine’ in Ensuring Holocaust Measures (1941-1944)
Authors: Honcharenko Oleksiy , Ivanenko Alina 
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the research paper is to uncover the role and significance of local administration bodies that were established on the territories under the control of the Provisional Military Administration (PMA) and the Reichskommissariat ‘Ukraine’ (RKU) in ensuring the Holocaust policy.
Scientific novelty is based on the original documentary sources analysis. It is determined that the employees of local administration bodies in the German occupation zones of Ukraine, even against their will, took an active part in various forms of preparation and technical support for actions to exterminate Jews, their persecution by the authorities, and looting of the property belonging to them.
Conclusions. In the territories under the control of the PMA and the RKU, local administration bodies were established, which, although not unified, were still typical institutions of occupation administration. Despite the unequal organizational structure, local administration bodies had to perform all the tasks assigned by the German authorities. In the practical activity of those authorities, there were no repressive and punitive functions, but it was their staff who had to provide the measures that were the basis of the Holocaust policy, which was consistently and all-out conducted by the Nazis in occupied Ukraine.
Performing the functions of the occupation administration, the employees of the local administration bodies of the PMA and the RKU took an active part in both the preparatory measures and the purely technical support of actions for the extermination of the Jews. With the assistance of the local administrative staff members, the German authorities managed to settle the matter of registration and identification of the Jewish population, establish an effective system of control over issuing personal documents, as well as search and selection of places for conducting the massacres. Without their active participation, the Nazis would not have been able to organize actions of extermination people so quickly, as well as to identify systematically those who managed to avoid death and were hiding from the persecution of the German occupiers. Also quite actively, some employees of local administration bodies participated in propagandistic provision and justification of massacres of the Jews in Ukraine.
Local authorities took part in the redistribution of property that belonged to the killed Jews. A great part of the former Jewish property, with the permission of the German authorities, was given to the local authorities, and the funds received after its sale were transferred to the bank accounts of the local authorities and used to finance their activities. At the same time, many employees of local administration bodies, using their official position, tried to obtain part of the property of people who had already been killed.
Interest in Historical Figures on the World Wide Web as a Marker of Historical Consciousness in Contemporary Ukraine
Authors: Telvak Vitalii , Werner Wiktor 
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the article – to determine the specifics and intensity of interest in M. Hrushevskyi from 2004 to 2022 based on statistical data from the Google search engine.
The scientific novelty of the study consists in clarifying the peculiarities of M. Hrushevskyi’s reception in cyberspace, manifested in the frequency of searching for information about him using the popular Google search engine, as well as Wikipedia, the largest online encyclopedia.
Conclusions. At the end of our research, we conclude that M. Hrushevskyi appears to be a well-known and important figure to Ukrainian users, but on the contrary, does not generate much interest amongst Internet users from other countries. As we can see from the acquired results, search queries concerning M. Hrushevskyi are mainly dominated by scientific and didactic topics. Therefore, a certain working hypothesis can be derived in that the discourse dealing with M. Hrushevskyi is not noticeably politicized, as might be expected given his dizzying career during the revolutionary years. Instead, the discourse relates more to education, cultural heritage research, memory and history. The obtained data will be useful primarily to sociologists working on establishing the attitude change dynamics of Ukrainians towards our most famous historical figures.
CRISPR-Cas and catalytic hairpin assembly technology for target-initiated amplification detection of pancreatic cancer specific tsRNAs
Authors: Wu Jie , Xu Hongpan , Hu Fenghua , Jiang Yiyue , Fan Boyue , Khan Adeel , Sun Yifan , Di Kaili , Gu Xinrui , Shen Han , Li Zhiyang 
Published: May 2023

Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) tRF-LeuCAG-002 (ts3011a RNA) is a novel class of non-coding RNAs biomarker for pancreatic cancer (PC). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been unfit for community hospitals that are short of specialized equipment or laboratory setups. It has not been reported whether isothermal technology can be used for detection, because the tsRNAs have rich modifications and secondary structures compared with other non-coding RNAs. Herein, we have employed a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) circuit and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) to develop an isothermal and target-initiated amplification method for detecting ts3011a RNA. In the proposed assay, the presence of target tsRNA triggers the CHA circuit that transforms new DNA duplexes to activate collateral cleavage activity of CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) 12a, achieving cascade signal amplification. This method showed a low detection limit of 88 aM at 37 °C within 2 h. Moreover, it was demonstrated for the first time that, this method is less likely to produce aerosol contamination than RT-qPCR by simulating aerosol leakage experiments. This method has good consistency with RT-qPCR in the detection of serum samples and showed great potential for PC-specific tsRNAs point-of-care testing (POCT).
The effect of building height on thermal properties and comfort of a housing project in the hot arid climate of the UAE
Authors: Salameh Muna , Elkhazindar Ayat , Touqan Basim 
Published: May 2023

A city’s microclimate is greatly impacted by urbanization. The ratio of building height to street width affects the thermal properties of urban canyons. This characteristic is one of the main elements that control the thermal radiation emitted and how much solar radiation is absorbed, causing the urban air temperature to be much greater than in rural areas (urban heat island effect). The main aim of this study is to examine the thermal effect of the variations in the height of housing buildings on the urban layout and canyons in the hot arid climate of the UAE. The study used a qualitative method based on ENVI-met software and a case study of an existing housing project to investigate the current situation and the future thermal conditions of proposed configurations. The study investigated two groups of configurations with unified and diverse heights. The results of the study found that the best case among the first group of configurations with unified heights was U3, which had unified mass heights reaching 20 m height, the highest H/W ratio, and the lowest sky view factor; it recorded 0.5°C reduction in the 2:00 p.m. air temperature compared to the base case. The results also revealed that in the case of diverse heights, it is better to locate the highest masses in the hot wind direction. The D2, with highest masses of 20 m height that were located only on the north and west sides of the area blocking the hot north-west prevailing wind, recorded a reduction about 0.9°C compared to the base case. Moreover, in the cases with lower air temperature, U3 and D2 recorded the best predicted mean vote readings, especially in the daytime, when the air temperature is highest.
A neutralizing bispecific single-chain antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant produced based on CR3022
Authors: Yu Kaikai , Liu Bin , Yu Haotian , Sun Chengbiao , Wang Xuefeng , Li Guorui , Dong Mingxin , Wang Yan , Zhang Jianxu , Xu Na , Liu Wensen 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe constantly mutating SARS-CoV-2 has been infected an increasing number of people, hence the safe and efficacious treatment are urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are potentially effective therapeutics against COVID-19. As a new form of antibody, bispecific single chain antibodies (BscAbs) can be easily expressed in E. coli and exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity.MethodsIn this study, we constructed two BscAbs 16-29, 16-3022 and three single chain variable fragments (scFv) S1-16, S2-29 and S3022 as a comparison to explore their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The affinity of the five antibodies was characterized by ELISA and SPR and the neutralizing activity of them was analyzed using pseudovirus or authentic virus neutralization assay. Bioinformatics and competitive ELISA methods were used to identify different epitopes on RBD.ResultsOur results revealed the potent neutralizing activity of two BscAbs 16-29 and 16-3022 against SARS-CoV-2 original strain and Omicron variant infection. In addition, we also found that SARS-CoV RBD-targeted scFv S3022 could play a synergistic role with other SARS-CoV-2 RBD-targeted antibodies to enhance neutralizing activity in the form of a BscAb or in cocktail therapies.DiscussionThis innovative approach offers a promising avenue for the development of subsequent antibody therapies against SARSCoV-2. Combining the advantages of cocktails and single-molecule strategies, BscAb therapy has the potential to be developed as an effective immunotherapeutic for clinical use to mitigate the ongoing pandemic.
Host innate immune responses and microbiome profile of neonatal calves challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum and the effect of bovine colostrum supplementation
Authors: Gamsjäger Lisa , Cirone Karina M. , Schluessel Steffany , Campsall Mackenzie , Herik Aydin , Lahiri Priyoshi , Young Daniel , Dufour Antoine , Sapountzis Panagiotis , Otani Saria , Gomez Diego E. , Windeyer M. Claire , Cobo Eduardo R. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionCalves are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infection with Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), which can result in watery diarrhea and eventually death or impaired development. With little to no effective therapeutics, understanding the host’s microbiota and pathogen interaction at the mucosal immune system has been critical to identify and test novel control strategies.MethodsHerein, we used an experimental model of C. parvum challenge in neonatal calves to describe the clinical signs and histological and proteomic profiling of the mucosal innate immunity and microbiota shifts by metagenomics in the ileum and colon during cryptosporidiosis. Also, we investigated the impact of supplemental colostrum feeding on C. parvum infection.ResultsWe showed that C. parvum challenged calves experienced clinical signs including pyrexia and diarrhea 5 days post challenge. These calves showed ulcerative neutrophil ileitis with a proteomic signature driven by inflammatory effectors, including reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidases. Colitis was also noticed with an aggravated mucin barrier depletion and incompletely filled goblet cells. The C. parvum challenged calves also displayed a pronounced dysbiosis with a high prevalence of Clostridium species (spp.) and number of exotoxins, adherence factors, and secretion systems related to Clostridium spp. and other enteropathogens, including Campylobacter spp., Escherichia sp., Shigella spp., and Listeria spp. Daily supplementation with a high-quality bovine colostrum product mitigated some of the clinical signs and modulated the gut immune response and concomitant microbiota to a pattern more similar to that of healthy unchallenged calves.DiscussionC. parvum infection in neonatal calves provoked severe diarrheic neutrophilic enterocolitis, perhaps augmented due to the lack of fully developed innate gut defenses. Colostrum supplementation showed limited effect mitigating diarrhea but demonstrated some clinical alleviation and specific modulatory influence on host gut immune responses and concomitant microbiota.
CD4+ T cell counts and soluble programmed death-1 at baseline correlated with hepatitis B surface antigen decline in HIV/HBV coinfection during combined antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Li Xiaodi , Xu Ling , Lu Lianfeng , Liu Xiaosheng , Yang Yang , Wu Yuanni , Han Yang , Li Xiaoxia , Li Yanling , Song Xiaojing , Cao Wei , Li Taisheng 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundSeveral studies have described the rapid decline and clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection after initiating combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Early decline of HBsAg levels is associated with HBsAg seroclearance in the treatment of chronic HBV infection. This study aims to evaluate the HBsAg kinetics and the determinants of early HBsAg decline in patients with HIV/HBV coinfection during cART.MethodsA total of 51 patients with HIV/HBV coinfection were enrolled from a previously established HIV/AIDS cohort and followed for a median of 59.5 months after cART initiation. Biochemical tests, virology and immunology assessments were measured longitudinally. The kinetics of HBsAg during cART were analyzed. Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) levels and immune activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR) were measured at baseline, 1-year and 3-year during treatment. HBsAg response was defined as a decline of more than 0.5 log10 IU/ml at 6 months from the baseline after initiation of cART.ResultsHBsAg declined faster (0.47 log10 IU/mL) in the first six months and attained a decrease of 1.39 log10 IU/mL after 5-year therapy. Seventeen (33.3%) participants achieved a decline of more than 0.5 log10 IU/ml at the first 6 months of cART(HBsAg response) of which five patients achieved HBsAg clearance at a median of 11 months (range: 6-51 months). Multivariate logistic analysis showed the lower baseline CD4+ T cell levels (OR=6.633, P=0.012) and sPD-1 level (OR=5.389, P=0.038) were independently associated with HBsAg response after cART initiation. The alanine aminotransferase abnormality rate and HLA-DR expression were significantly higher in patients who achieved HBsAg response than in those who did not achieve HBsAg response after cART initiation.ConclusionLower CD4 + T cells, sPD-1, and immune activation were related to a rapid HBsAg decline in patients with HIV/HBV-coinfection after the initiation of cART. These findings imply that immune disorders induced by HIV infection may disrupt immune tolerance to HBV, leading to a faster decline in HBsAg levels during coinfection.
Profiling estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors in colorectal cancer in relation to gender, menopausal status, clinical stage, and tumour sidedness
Authors: Refaat Bassem , Aslam Akhmed , Idris Shakir , Almalki Ahmed H. , Alkhaldi Mofareh Y. , Asiri Hassan A. , Almaimani Riyad A. , Mujalli Abdulrahman , Minshawi Faisal , Alamri Sara A. , AlHussain Mona I. , Baltow Badee A. , Alqasmi Mansour H. , Basfar Ghaiyda T. , Alosaimi Ohoud M. , Muhayya Ibrahim A. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundAlthough estrogen (ERα/ERβ), progesterone (PGR), and androgen (AR) receptors are pathologically altered in colorectal cancer (CRC), their simultaneous expression within the same cohort of patients was not previously measured.MethodsERα/ERβ/PGR/AR proteins were measured in archived paired normal and malignant colon specimens (n =120 patients) by immunohistochemistry, and results were analyzed by gender, age (≤50 vs. ≥60 years), clinical stages (early-stage I/II vs. late-stage III/IV), and anatomical location (right; RSCs vs. left; LSCs). Effects of 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone alone or combined with the specific blockers of ERα (MPP dihydrochloride), ERβ (PHTPP), PGR (mifepristone), and AR (bicalutamide) on cell cycle and apoptosis were also measured in the SW480 male and HT29 female CRC cell lines. ResultsERα and AR proteins increased, whilst ERβ and PGR declined markedly in malignant specimens. Moreover, male neoplastic tissues showed highest AR expression, whilst ERβ and PGR weakest alongside ERα strongest expression was seen in cancerous tissues from women aged ≥60 years. Late-stage neoplasms also revealed maximal alterations in the expression of sex steroid receptors. By tumor location, LSCs disclosed significant elevations in ERα with marked declines in PGR compared with RSCs, and ERα strongest alongside PGR weakest expression was detected in advanced LSCs from women aged ≥60 years. Late-stage LSCs from females aged ≥60 years also showed weakest ERβ and strongest AR expression. In contrast, male RSC and LSC tissues exhibited equal ERβ and AR expression in all clinical stages. ERα and AR proteins also correlated positively, whereas ERβ and PGR inversely, with tumor characteristics. Concomitantly, E2 and P4 monotherapies triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the SW480 and HT29 cells, and while pre-treatment with ERα-blocker enhanced the effects of E2, ERβ-blocker and PGR-blocker suppressed the E2 and P4 anti-cancer actions, respectively. In contrast, treatment with the AR-blocker induced apoptosis, whilst co-treatment with testosterone hindered the effects. ConclusionsThis study advocates that protein expression of sex steroid receptors in malignant tissues could represent prognostic markers, as well as hormonal therapy could provide an alternative strategy against CRC, and their efficacies could be dependent on gender, clinical stage, and tumor location.