bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Greenhouse Method to Evaluate the Peanut Resistance to Athelia rolfsii
Authors: Tsai Yun-Ching , Brenneman Timothy B. , Holbrook Carl C. , Chu Ye , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Bertioli David J. , Leal-Bertioli Soraya C. M. 
Published: March 2023

Peanut stem rot (also known as white mold), caused by the fungus Athelia rolfsii, is one of the most damaging soilborne pathogens for U.S. peanut production. The disease is mainly controlled by fungicides and by adopting cultivars with moderate resistance. Field evaluation is the main approach for evaluating plant resistance, but it is costly and labor-intensive. Reliable methods for in vitro or greenhouse evaluations are desirable. Greenhouse, growth chamber, and in vitro methods have been tried to assess resistance, but they generally do not correlate well with field results. In this study, we developed a reliable method to assess resistance to stem rot on peanut under greenhouse conditions. Stem cuttings were taken from 60-day-old plants and placed into a cup filled with potting mix. Cuttings were inoculated with active A. rolfsii mycelial plugs above the soil line, with mycelium directly contacting the stem. Inoculated cuttings were put in a mist chamber to keep humidity high. Highly significant differences in disease resistance among genotypes were found at 7 days after inoculation ( P < 0.05). Moreover, evaluations done at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days after inoculation and the area under the disease progress curve were significantly correlated with field evaluations of the same genotypes. This greenhouse assay is a step forward to screen peanut germplasm more efficiently for stem rot resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Complete Genome Sequence Resource of Pseudomonas koreensis FP1691, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Isolated from Cowpea
Authors: Gu Yi-Lin , Liao Kai-Ji , Liu Jing , Zhang Yu-Qin , Wei Hai-Lei 
Published: March 2023

Pseudomonas koreensis is a notable colonizer that acts as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and has extensive significance in soil health improvement, sustainable agricultural practices, and maintenance of rhizospheric microbial diversity. Here, we report high-quality genome information of P. koreensis FP1691, isolated from the cowpea rhizosphere. The genome was assembled into a single circular chromosome of 6.30 Mb with a G + C content of 60.23%. FP1691 was predicted to contain 5,548 genes, including 642 genes related to general function prediction only, 535 genes associated with amino acid transport and metabolism, and 119 genes linked to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism. Furthermore, there are 12 secondary metabolite gene clusters in the FP1691 genome, including a potential biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for lokisin synthesis that exhibited more than 95% identity with the known clusters. Therefore, we inferred that the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides is an important mechanism of FP1691 as an invaluable resource for biocontrol agents. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Phosphorylated Upstream Frameshift 1–dependent Nonsense-mediated μ-Opioid Receptor mRNA Decay in the Spinal Cord Contributes to the Development of Neuropathic Allodynia–like Behavior in Rats
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Chun , Lai Cheng-Yuan , Yeh Chou-Ming , Yang Po-Sheng , Cheng Jen-Kun , Wang Hsueh-Hsiao , Lin Kuan-Hung , Nie Siao-Tong , Lin Tzer-Bin , Peng Hsien-Yu 
Published: March 2023

Background
Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay increases targeted mRNA degradation and has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in neurons. The authors hypothesized that nonsense-mediated μ-opioid receptor mRNA decay in the spinal cord is involved in the development of neuropathic allodynia–like behavior in rats.

Methods
Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes received spinal nerve ligation to induce neuropathic allodynia–like behavior. The mRNA and protein expression contents in the dorsal horn of animals were measured by biochemical analyses. Nociceptive behaviors were evaluated by the von Frey test and the burrow test.

Results
On Day 7, spinal nerve ligation significantly increased phosphorylated upstream frameshift 1 (UPF1) expression in the dorsal horn (mean ± SD; 0.34 ± 0.19 in the sham ipsilateral group vs. 0.88 ± 0.15 in the nerve ligation ipsilateral group; P < 0.001; data in arbitrary units) and drove allodynia-like behaviors in rats (10.58 ± 1.72 g in the sham ipsilateral group vs. 1.19 ± 0.31 g in the nerve ligation ipsilateral group, P < 0.001). No sex-based differences were found in either Western blotting or behavior tests in rats. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3) triggered SMG1 kinase (0.06 ± 0.02 in the sham group vs. 0.20 ± 0.08 in the nerve ligation group, P = 0.005, data in arbitrary units)–mediated UPF1 phosphorylation, leading to increased nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factor SMG7 binding and µ-opioid receptor mRNA degradation (0.87 ± 0.11–fold in the sham group vs. 0.50 ± 0.11–fold in the nerve ligation group, P = 0.002) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of this signaling pathway in vivo ameliorated allodynia-like behaviors after spinal nerve ligation.

Conclusions
This study suggests that phosphorylated UPF1–dependent nonsense-mediated μ-opioid receptor mRNA decay is involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.

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Subsequent Forearm Fractures Following Initial Surgical Fixation
Authors: Lindgren Amelia M. , Sendek Gabriela , Manhard Claire E. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Pennock Andrew T. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Forearm fractures are a common pediatric injury. Currently, there is no consensus on treatment for fractures that recur following initial surgical fixation. The objective of this study was to investigate the subsequent fracture rate and patterns and describe the treatment of these forearm fractures.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified patients who underwent surgical treatment for an initial forearm fracture at our institution between 2011 and 2019. Patients were included if they sustained a diaphyseal or metadiaphyseal forearm fracture that was initially treated surgically with a plate and screw construct (plate) or elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN), and if they subsequently sustained another fracture that was treated at our institution.

Results:
A total of 349 forearm fractures were treated surgically with ESIN or a plate fixation. Of these, 24 sustained another fracture, yielding a subsequent fracture rate of 10.9% for the plate cohort and 5.1% for the ESIN cohort (P=0.056). The majority of plate refractures (90%) occurred at the proximal or distal plate edge, while 79% of the fractures treated previously with ESINs occurred at the initial fracture site (P<0.001). Ninety percent of plate refractures required revision surgery, with 50% underwent plate removal and conversion to ESIN, and 40% underwent revision plating. Within the ESIN cohort, 64% were treated nonsurgically, 21% underwent revision ESINs, and 14% underwent revision plating. Tourniquet time for revision surgeries were shorter for the ESIN cohort (46 vs. 92 min; P=0.012). In both cohorts, all revision surgeries had no complications and healed with evidence of radiographic union. However, 9 patients (37.5%) underwent implant removal (3 plates and 6 ESINs) after subsequent fracture healing.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to characterize subsequent forearm fractures following both ESIN and plate fixation and to describe and compare treatment options. Consistent with the literature, refractures following surgical fixation of pediatric forearm fractures may occur at a rate ranging from 5% to 11%. ESINs are both less invasive at the time of initial surgery and can often be treated nonoperatively if there is a subsequent fracture, while plate refractures are more likely to be treated with a second surgery and have a longer average surgery time.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective case series.
Electroacupuncture-induced activation of GABAergic system alleviates airway inflammation in asthma model by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Gong Ruisong , Liu Xiaowen , Zhao Jing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to attenuate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Studies have shown that EA can significantly increase the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in mice, and can also increase the expression level of GABA type A receptor (GABAAR). Furthermore, activating GABAAR may relieve inflammation in asthma by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of GABAergic system and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in asthmatic mice treated with EA.

Methods:
A mouse model of asthma was established, and a series of methods including Western blot and histological staining assessment were employed to detect the level of GABA, and expressions of GABAAR and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB in lung tissue. In addition, GABAAR antagonist was used to further validate the role and mechanism of GABAergic system in mediating the therapeutic effect of EA in asthma.

Results:
The mouse model of asthma was established successfully, and EA was verified to alleviate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. The release of GABA and the expression of GABAAR were significantly increased in asthmatic mice treated with EA compared with untreated asthmatic mice (P < 0.01), and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway was down-regulated. Moreover, inhibition of GABAAR attenuated the beneficial effects of EA in asthma, including the regulation of airway resistance and inflammation, as well as the inhibitory effects on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that GABAergic system may be involved in mediating the therapeutic effect of EA in asthma, possibly by suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lymphocyte Populations in Acute Skin Rejection: The University Health Network Addition to the Banff Classification
Authors: Haykal Siba , Barone Natasha , Rostami Sara , Moshkelgosha Sajad , Juvet Stephen , Keshavjee Shaf , Ghazarian Danny 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Acute rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation has been identified using the Banff 2007 working classification. We propose an addition to this classification based on histological and immunological assessment within the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Methods:
Biopsies from vascularized composite transplant patients were obtained at scheduled visits and whenever skin changes occurred. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed on all samples, looking at infiltrating cells.

Results:
Observations were made specifically related to each component of the skin, including the epidermis, dermis, vessels, and subcutaneous tissue. Our findings led to the establishment of the University Health Network addition of skin rejection.

Conclusions:
The high rate of rejection where the skin is involved requires novel techniques for early detection. The University Health Network skin rejection addition can serve as an adjunct to the Banff classification.
The relationship between dietary patterns and ophthalmic disease
Authors: Mulpuri Lakshman , Sridhar Jayanth , Goyal Himani , Tonk Rahul 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
There is a rising interest in the impact of diet on the pathogenesis of common ophthalmic conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential preventive and therapeutic power of dietary interventions described in recent basic science and epidemiological literature.

Recent findings
Basic science investigations have elucidated a variety of mechanisms by which diet may impact ophthalmic disease, particularly through its action on chronic oxidative stress, inflammation and macular pigmentation. Epidemiologic investigations have shown the real-world influence of diet on the incidence and progression of a number of ophthalmic diseases, particularly cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. A large observational cohort study found a 20% reduction in the incidence of cataract among vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians. Two recent systematic reviews found that higher adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns was associated with a decreased risk of progression of AMD to later stages. Finally, large meta-analyses found that patients following plant-based and Mediterranean diets had significant reductions of mean haemoglobin A1c scores and incidence of diabetic retinopathy as compared with controls.

Summary
There is a significant and growing body of evidence that Mediterranean diet and plant-based diets – those that maximize fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts; and that minimize animal products and processed foods – help prevent vision loss from cataract, AMD and diabetic retinopathy. These diets may hold benefits for other ophthalmic conditions, as well. Nevertheless, there is a need for further randomized, controlled and longitudinal studies in this area.
Development of a Risk Stratification Model for Pre–liver-Transplant Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Travers Paul M. , Cortés Pedro , Body Ashton E. , Palmer William C. , Pang Maoyin 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:
Colonoscopies are routinely obtained before liver transplantation, although their utility is a highly debated topic in the literature. We aimed to determine the risk factors in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC) for post-colonoscopy complications (PCC).

Materials and Methods:
We performed a single-center retrospective study of patients with DC undergoing colonoscopy as part of their pre–liver-transplant evaluation. The primary composite outcome was defined as a complication occurring within 30 days of the colonoscopy. Complications included acute renal failure, new or worsening ascites or hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, or any cardiopulmonary or infectious complication. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to derive a risk score in predicting the primary composite outcome.

Results:
The strongest predictors of post-colonoscopy complication were MELD-Na ≥21 [aOR 4.0026 (P=0.0050)] and history of any infection in the 30 days before colonoscopy [aOR 8.4345 (P=0.0093)]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the final model was 0.78. The predicted risk of any complication at the lowest quartile was 16.2% to 39.4%, and the observed risk was 30.6% (95% CI: 15.5-45.6%), while the predicted risk at the highest quartile was 71.9% to 97.1%, and the observed risk was 81.3% (95% CI: 67.7-95%).

Conclusion:
In this cohort of patients with DC undergoing colonoscopy for pre–liver-transplant evaluation, a history of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and MELD-Na were found to be predictive of PCC. This risk score may help to predict PCC in patients with DC undergoing a pre-transplant colonoscopy. External validation is recommended.
Eosinophilic respiratory disorders and the impact of biologics
Authors: Bernstein Joshua S. , Wechsler Michael E. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Eosinophils are involved in combating parasitic, bacterial, viral infections as well as certain malignancies. However, they are also implicated in an array of upper and lower respiratory disease states. Through a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis, targeted biologic therapies have revolutionized glucocorticoid sparing treatment of eosinophilic respiratory diseases. This review will focus on the impact of novel biologics on the management of asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

Recent findings
Key immunologic pathways affecting Type 2 inflammation through immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, and upstream alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), have led to novel drug developments. We explore the mechanism of action for Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Benralizumab, Reslizumab, Dupilumab, and Tezepelumab, their respective Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications, and biomarkers affecting treatment decisions. We also highlight investigational therapeutics that are likely to impact the future management of eosinophilic respiratory diseases.

Summary
Insight into the biology of eosinophilic respiratory diseases has been critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and has contributed to the development of effective eosinophil-targeted biologic interventions.
The applicability of Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire as a screening tool for carpal tunnel syndrome among potential high-risk female population in the West Bank: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sarhan Fajr M.A. , Al-Jasim Ameer , Abu Al-Halawa Diala , Dukmak Osama N. , Ayyad Rawan , Odeh Maha A. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is an entrapment neuropathy with a high level of morbidity if neglected. Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) was designed to track patients’ progress after diagnosis. However, few studies showed that this questionnaire might be applicable as a screening tool for CTS.Objective:This study aims to identify the ability of BCTQ to detect symptoms and functional limitations of CTS among the potential high-risk population.Materials and Methods:This study is a cross-sectional study involving 366 females, aged 30–60 years, residents of the West Bank, Palestine. Data was collected using BCTQ to assess participants’ symptoms severity and functional limitations.Results:Symptoms were reported in 72.4% of participants, while functional limitations were reported in 64.2%. Very severe symptoms were found in 1.1% of the study population, and very severe functional limitations were reported in 1.4% only. BCTQ reliability testing via Cronbach alpha showed a score of 0.937 and 0.922 for symptom severity and functional limitations scales, respectively. The most common reported symptom was pain during the daytime, while the ‘household chores’ was the most common functional limitation.Conclusion:This study showed that many participants reported symptoms and functional limitations of CTS without a prior diagnosis. The BCTQ can potentially be used as a screening tool for middle-aged females in the West Bank, Palestine, as it showed strong applicability. However, this study could not compute the actual prevalence of CTS due to the lack of access to clinical and electrophysiological confirmation.
Guillain-Barré syndrome following the second dose of COVID AstraZeneca vaccine in a 78-year-old male: a case report from Nepal
Authors: Acharya Bimarsh , KC Sabin , Karki Shailendra , Thapa Pratima , KC Pooja 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy that causes bilateral, symmetrical, and progressive weakness of muscles. AstraZeneca vaccine is a genetically modified spike glycoprotein vaccine of an adenovirus vector. GBS following the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine dose is rare and not frequently noted.

Case Presentation:
A 78-year-old male presented to the hospital with complaints of bilateral weakness of the lower limbs over 4 days following the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. On examination, the power and tone of the limbs were diminished. The sensitivity pinprick test revealed low sensitivity in the right lower limb than in the left lower limb. Nerve conduction studies revealed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and the patient was diagnosed with GBS. After admission, the patient was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins along with physiotherapy.

Clinical Discussion:
GBS can be diagnosed clinically with nerve conduction studies and Brighton’s criteria. The robust causal relationships between COVID-19 infections, COVID-19 vaccination, and GBS are still unclear. The evaluation of the potential association and risk of GBS with vaccines warrants the need for precise post-vaccination surveillance measures and results.

Conclusion:
Only a few cases of GBS following the second dose of AstraZeneca are reported so far and there is a need for strong and accurate diagnosis of the disease and proper post-vaccination surveillance for the evaluation of risk associated with COVID vaccines.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Albeik Muhammad T. M. N. , Abdullah Lava , Almatroud Muhammad M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and importance:
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare heterogeneous genetic congenital disorder affecting at least 1 in 5000–10,000 newborns. This disorder has a wide range of clinical manifestations; it affects organs originating from the embryonic ectoderm.

Case presentation:
We present a case of a 2-year-old boy diagnosed with HED, the boy was suffering from absence of sweating since birth, dry skin, recurrent episodes of hyperpyrexia, sparse and light-colored hair on the scalp, absent eyebrows, and delayed eruption of abnormally shaped teeth.

Clinical discussion:
The are no diagnostic criteria guidelines for HED, we diagnosed the disorder by the clinical manifestations and the family history. The management of patients with HED is palliative.

Conclusion:
This disorder needs multidisciplinary contribution to improve the general health of those patients, quality of life, and decrease morbidity and mortality.
Clinicodemographic profile of chronic liver disease patients at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Shrestha Anish K. , Shrestha Anisha , Shah Sangam , Bhandari Aashna 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
With the global burden of chronic liver disease (CLD) on the rise, especially due to the rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome, a third-world country like Nepal faces a different problem. With alcohol intake being rooted in Nepalese culture, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common cause of CLD in our society.

Methods:
This is a retrospective observational study conducted in the inpatient ward of the Department of Gastroenterology at the University in Nepal. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee, and a structured questionnaire format was used to record the data retrospectively using admission log books and admission sheets. Demographic data regarding age, sex, and address were collected, while the form of decompensation during presentation was used as a source of clinical data. For statistical analysis, see SPSS 21 (IBM Corp., Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0; IBM Corp.) was used.

Results:
A male-to-female ratio of 2:1 was found, with ALD the most common cause of CLD in admitted patients. Similarly, the majority of patients were admitted due to ascites, which was compounded by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. 93.60% of patients admitted with CLD had a deranged prothrombin time, while only about a third of patients had elevated aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase.

Conclusion:
The large burden of ALD highlights the importance of awareness programs at the community level, which have been neglected till date.