bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and directions for open ecosystems biodiversity restoration: An overview of the techniques applied for Cerrado
Authors: Pilon Natashi A. L. , Campos Bruna H. , Durigan Giselda , Cava Mário G. B. , Rowland Lucy , Schmidt Isabel , Sampaio Alexandre , Oliveira Rafael S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Ecological restoration of tropical open ecosystems remains challenging for both science and practice. Over the last decade, innovative techniques have been developed, but whether they have been successful or not remains to be demonstrated. Assessing the outcomes of these initiatives is crucial to drive the following steps to improve tropical grasslands and savanna restoration.

Analysing 82 data sets from the literature and primary data collection, we assessed the effectiveness of passive and active restoration techniques applied in Cerrado open ecosystems. We used plant diversity variables (species and growth forms) as indicators, considering ruderals and exotics as non‐target species. Specifically, we aimed to answer: (i) How does the diversity of target species change through time in areas subject to passive restoration? (ii) Are active and passive restoration techniques effective in restoring the proportion of target species found in old‐growth reference ecosystems? (iii) Have the current techniques been successful in recovering the proportions of growth forms of reference ecosystems?

We found that target species proportions do not increase with time, suggesting limitations of typical species to colonise degraded sites. Hence, passive restoration will promote the conservation of a limited and constant number of target species. This number will depend on the magnitude of degradation and previous land use.

The restoration techniques currently applied to restore the biodiversity of Cerrado open ecosystems are not reaching the reference standards, with distinct techniques driving plant communities to different sets of growth forms. Active restoration based on propagules obtained from pristine donor sites (topsoil translocation, plant material transplant, and seeding) performed better than passive restoration for most of the growth forms analysed.

Synthesis and applications: Different growth forms have different roles in determining the structure and functioning of Cerrado vegetation. A mix of techniques can better approximate plant diversity and the proportionality of target species of pristine ecosystems. Singular restoration approaches are insufficient for restoring Cerrado open ecosystem biodiversity. Mixed efforts encompassing various techniques are required instead. Furthermore, it is likely restoration success can be improved with greater investment in improving our understanding of, and developing existing restoration techniques.
Early adulthood and current physical activity and their association with symptoms of pelvic floor disorders in middle‐aged women: An observational study with retrospective physical activity assessment
Authors: Kuutti Mari A. , Hyvärinen Matti , Kauppinen Markku , Sipilä Sarianna , Aukee Pauliina , Laakkonen Eija K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate associations of early and middle adulthood physical activity (PA) with symptoms of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), i.e. stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence (UUI), faecal incontinence (FI), constipation or defecation difficulties (CDDs) and feeling of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among middle‐aged women.DesignA cross‐sectional, observational study with retrospective PA assessment.SettingUniversity Research Laboratory.SampleA random population sample of 1098 Finnish women aged 47–55 years.MethodsEarly adulthood PA, current PA, and demographic and gynaecological variables were assessed using self‐report questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were applied to study associations of PA variables with symptoms of PFDs. Potential confounding effects of demographic and gynaecological variables were controlled in multiple logistic regression models.Main Outcome MeasuresStructured questionnaire‐assessed retrospective PA assessment at the age of 17–29 years, current PA at middle age, and prevalence of symptoms of CDD, FI, POP, SUI and UUI.ResultsCurrent PA was not independently associated with the occurrence of the symptoms of PFDs. Middle‐aged women with an early adulthood history of competitive sports were more likely to experience symptoms of UUI (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.10–4.24, p = 0.025) but not symptoms of SUI, FI, CDD or POP, whereas women with a history of regular PA were more likely to experience symptoms of FI (OR 4.41, 95% CI 1.05–18.49, p = 0.043) but no other symptoms of PFDs.ConclusionsCompetitive sports during early adulthood may increase the risk of UUI in middle age. Regular PA during early adulthood may increase the risk of FI.
Diagnostic testing for evaluation of brief resolved unexplained events
Authors: Mittal Manoj K. , Tieder Joel S. , Westphal Kathryn , Sullivan Erin , Hall Matt , Bochner Risa , Cohen Adam , Colgan Jennifer Y. , Delaney Atima C. , DeLaroche Amy M. , Graf Thomas , Harper Beth , Kaplan Ron L. , Neubauer Hannah C. , Neuman Mark I. , Shastri Nirav , Wilkins Victoria , Stephans Allayne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) clinical practice guideline for brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs), a few small, single‐center studies have suggested low yield of diagnostic testing in infants presenting with such an event. We conducted this large retrospective multicenter study to determine the role of diagnostic testing in leading to a confirmatory diagnosis in BRUE patients.MethodsSecondary analysis from a large multicenter cohort derived from 15 hospitals participating in the BRUE Quality Improvement and Research Collaborative. The study subjects were infants < 1 year of age presenting with a BRUE to the emergency departments (EDs) of these hospitals between October 1, 2015, and September 30, 2018. Potential BRUE cases were identified using a validated algorithm that relies on administrative data. Chart review was conducted to confirm study inclusion/exclusion, AAP risk criteria, final diagnosis, and contribution of test results. Findings were stratified by ED or hospital discharge and AAP risk criteria. For each patient, we identified whether any diagnostic test contributed to the final diagnosis. We distinguished true (contributory) results from false‐positive results.ResultsOf 2036 patients meeting study criteria, 63.2% were hospitalized, 87.1% qualified as AAP higher risk, and 45.3% received an explanatory diagnosis. Overall, a laboratory test, imaging, or an ancillary test supported the final diagnosis in 3.2% (65/2036, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7%–4.4%) of patients. Out of 5163 diagnostic tests overall, 1.1% (33/2897, 95% CI 0.8%–1.5%) laboratory tests and 1.5% (33/2266, 95% CI 1.0%–1.9%) of imaging and ancillary studies contributed to a diagnosis. Although 861 electrocardiograms were performed, no new cardiac diagnoses were identified during the index visit.ConclusionsDiagnostic testing to explain BRUE including for those with AAP higher risk criteria is low yield and rarely contributes to an explanation. Future research is needed to evaluate the role of testing in more specific, at‐risk populations.
Valuing maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health for societal progress – Going beyond the economic orthodoxy of gross domestic product
Authors: Meka Kiran , Jacob Chandni M. , Modi Neena , Bustreo Flavia , Di Renzo Gian Carlo , Malamitsi‐Puchner Ariadne , Briana Despina , Iaia Domenico G. , Fogstad Helga , Tamvada Jagannadha P. , Moreno Ivan Ochoa , Hanson Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimIn view of the long‐standing recognition that gross domestic product (GDP) does not capture the unremunerated work largely conducted by women upon which societal well‐being depends, to discuss the implications for GDP of maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (MNCAH), and its influences on health, well‐being and prosperity across the life course and across generations.MethodsA wide‐ranging discussion of the informal think‐tank The Venice Forum was held over two days, with inputs from invited experts in person and online.ResultsThere was consensus that a strong case could be made for inclusion of unremunerated work largely conducted by women as a positive contribution to GDP in view of its impact on future health and prosperity, and conversely exclusion from GDP of outputs from industries which harm health.ConclusionTaken with the current challenges from COVID, climate change and conflict, there is a compelling need to redefine economic progress through equitable models and metrics that incorporate short‐/medium‐/long‐term societal value of activities that improve MNCAH.
Early learning attainments of children of naturalized citizens of refugee backgrounds in the sub‐Saharan region: Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Ndijuye Laurent Gabriel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch has consistently indicated that children of naturalized citizens from refugee backgrounds lag in most indicators of development. The disparities are more nuanced in contexts with limited educational resources, such as the sub‐Saharan region of Africa. However, that is not the case with children of naturalized citizens from refugee backgrounds of Burundian origin living in Tanzania. The early learning attainment of these children is comparable to children from more advantaged urban majority groups. In this article, I discuss the role of the home learning environment and families' socioeconomic status in children's development of early math and reading skills by linking global and local perspectives. Challenges facing children from this group in Tanzania include issues related to curriculum, cultural practices and parental beliefs, mastery of Kiswahili, and the quality of teachers in the early grades. In light of the evidence, I argue for improvements in learning experiences and recommend research to inform policy and improve practice.
Finding Hierarchical Structure in Binary Sequences: Evidence from Lindenmayer Grammar Learning
Authors: Schmid Samuel , Saddy Douglas , Franck Julie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, we explore the extraction of recursive nested structure in the processing of binary sequences. Our aim was to determine whether humans learn the higher‐order regularities of a highly simplified input where only sequential‐order information marks the hierarchical structure. To this end, we implemented a sequence generated by the Fibonacci grammar in a serial reaction time task. This deterministic grammar generates aperiodic but self‐similar sequences. The combination of these two properties allowed us to evaluate hierarchical learning while controlling for the use of low‐level strategies like detecting recurring patterns. The deterministic aspect of the grammar allowed us to predict precisely which points in the sequence should be subject to anticipation. Results showed that participants’ pattern of anticipation could not be accounted for by “flat” statistical learning processes and was consistent with them anticipating upcoming points based on hierarchical assumptions. We also found that participants were sensitive to the structure constituency, suggesting that they organized the signal into embedded constituents. We hypothesized that the participants built this structure by merging recursively deterministic transitions.
Medical assistance in dying and the trust of faith
Authors: Merrill Childs James 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ethical discussion of end‐of‐life decisions has been with us for some time. This article focuses specifically on medically assisted dying. Representative secular, professional, and faith‐based ethical arguments for and against it are briefly reviewed. With respect for the contributions of that ethical discourse, the article sees the decision for aid in dying as a spiritual matter of the trust and freedom of faith in the loving, intimate presence of the Triune God with us in the incarnate Christ, and his union with the Father and the Spirit.
Coexistence: Citizenship and Democracy in Dialogue
Authors: El Halabi Elias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article will explore the constituting elements of Christian–Muslim coexistence and their impact on the ongoing discourse on obstacles facing citizenship and democracy in multireligious societies. Coexistence is a living concept that acquires its constituents from the challenges and opportunities of the dialogue of life. It opens new paths for the ongoing discourse about equality and democracy in states with diverse religious groups. It offers an opportunity to go beyond the duality of self and other or minorities and majorities and fosters a dialogical relationship that transcends the concept of vested interests to the common welfare. Moving from equality to partnership brings the added value of religious and confessional differences in the service of shaping a very genuine and renewed social contract based on the principles of equality, participation, and dignity. This article focuses on Lebanon since it has been always perceived as a natural laboratory for interfaith encounters because of the particular multi‐confessional nature of the country.
Delayed light‐curing of dual‐cure bulk‐fill composites on internal adaptation and depth of cure
Authors: Rissato Lucas Dutra , Fraga May Anny Alves , Gonçalves Michelly Pires , Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre Coelho , Correr‐Sobrinho Lourenço , Correr Américo Bortolazzo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of delayed light‐curing of dual‐cure bulk‐fill composites on internal adaptation and microhardness (KHN) in depth.Materials and MethodsBulk‐fill composites were placed in 35 box‐shaped preparations and cured according to the following protocols (n = 5): Filtek Bulk‐Fill light‐cured immediately after insertion (FBF); Bulk‐EZ light‐cured immediately after insertion (BEZ‐I); Bulk‐EZ light‐cured 90 s after insertion (BEZ‐DP); Bulk‐EZ self‐cured (BEZ‐SC); HyperFIL light‐cured immediately after insertion (HF‐I); HyperFIL light‐cured 90 s after insertion (HF‐DP); HyperFIL self‐cured (HF‐SC). After 24 h, the samples were axially sectioned, and the internal adaptation was evaluated using replicas under a scanning electron microscope. The KHN was evaluated at six depths (0.3 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm). The statistical analysis was performed using α = 0.05.ResultsThe KHN significantly decreased with depth, except in self‐curing mode, when it was similar at all depths. Delayed light‐curing significantly increased the KHN at higher depths. The internal adaptation was material‐dependent. Light‐curing did not influence the internal adaptation of HyperFIL, whereas delayed light‐curing significantly reduced the internal gaps (%) of Bulk‐EZ.ConclusionDelayed light‐curing improved the depth of cure of dual‐cure resin composites. Light‐curing did not influence the internal adaptation of HyperFIL, but delayed light‐curing improved the internal adaptation of Bulk‐EZ.Clinical SignificanceLight‐curing is fundamental for improving the mechanical properties of dual‐cure resin composites. Moreover, depending on the dual‐cure resin composite, the delay in light‐curing can reduce the internal gaps.
Ferric derisomaltose for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia with postpartum hemorrhage: Results of a single‐arm, open‐label, phase 3 study in Japan
Authors: Sugimura Motoi , Ohtani Yasuyoshi , Tamai Soichiro , Kishimoto Umi , Ito Naoki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimSingle‐arm, open‐label, phase 3 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ferric derisomaltose (FDI) for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Japanese women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsPostpartum women aged 20–39 years with serum ferritin <25.0 ng/ml, hemoglobin (Hb) <10.0 g/dl, and blood loss ≥500 ml within 24 h post‐delivery were eligible to receive high‐dose intravenous FDI. The primary endpoint was the maximum change in Hb concentration by Week 8. Key secondary endpoints included change in iron parameters and percentage of patients with a total Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS) ≥9. Safety assessments included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and iron concentrations in maternal milk.ResultsAll (n = 21 [100.0%]) patients received the predetermined total iron dose by Day 8. Hb concentrations increased rapidly and significantly (p < 0.001) following FDI. Serum ferritin levels also increased rapidly and were maintained near or above the upper limit of normal reference value (250 ng/ml). Following FDI, two (9.5%) patients had a total EPDS score of ≥9. TEAEs occurred in 23 of 42 (54.8%) patients and neonates overall, including 18 of 21 (85.7%) patients and 5 of 21 (23.8%) neonates. TEAEs were mild in all adult patients and four neonates, and moderate in one neonate. Iron concentrations in maternal milk remained within normal reference values. Appropriate patient selection and patient‐adjusted dosage selection facilitated safe and effective administration of high‐dose (≥1000 mg) FDI.ConclusionsRapid and sustained improvements in Hb and iron stores occurred following FDI for IDA with PPH, with no new safety signals identified.Clinical trial identifier: JapicCTI‐194888.
Prospecting quantitative trait loci for maydis leaf blight (MLB) resistance using a population of teosinte‐introgressed maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and in silico identification of candidate MLB resistance genes
Authors: Joshi Anjali , Adhikari Sneha , Singh Narendra Kumar , Jaiswal Jai Prakash , Pant Usha , Singh Rajesh Pratap , Pandey Dinesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMaydis leaf blight (MLB) is an important fungal disease of maize causing yield losses of the magnitude of 38 to 46% worldwide. Present investigation aimed to identify stable and reliable MLB‐resistant QTLs and introgression maize lines to facilitate their utilization in future MLB resistance breeding programmes. For this purpose, 169 backcross inbred lines (BILs), derived using teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) as one parent, were grown in randomized block design with two replications in two environments. The lines were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the resistant QTLs by single marker analysis (SMA) method. Also, twenty‐five most resistant and twenty‐five most susceptible lines were selected in order to mimic bidirectional selective genotyping to identify MLB‐resistant QTLs by trait‐based (SGTB) and marker‐based (SGMB) approach. Six and five MLB resistance QTLs were identified in S1 and S2, respectively, by SMA method, while twelve and eight MLB‐resistant QTLs were detected by SGTB and SGMB approach, respectively. A total of fifteen MLB resistance QTLs identified by either SMA, SGTB or SGMB co‐localized with forty‐two QTLs affecting eleven morphological traits in maize. Out of the MLB resistance QTLs detected in both S1 and S2 by SMA, two QTLs linked to marker umc2392 and umc1393 were stable. Four QTLs linked to marker umc1869, umc1720, umc1428 and umc1393 were detected by all three methods and were reliable. A total of 23 genes exhibiting response to fungal pathogens were identified by means of in silico analysis, and these may be validated further so as to be used in future maize improvement programmes.
Cognitive colonialism: Nationality bias in Brazilian academic philosophy
Authors: Seabra Murilo Rocha , Prendergast Luke , de Andrade Antunes Gabriel Silveira , Tolton Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experiment designed to test for nationality bias among members of the Brazilian philosophical community. Faculty members and postgraduate students from philosophy departments at seven Brazilian universities evaluated texts attributed to authors of European and Latin American nationalities. Results showed a clear preference for French nationality over Brazilian. They were inconclusive, however, when contrasting other Latin American nationalities with European nationalities, which likely relates to the academic background of the participants. These overall results support the claim that Brazilian academic philosophers are highly critical of Brazilians who produce theories of their own. The paper calls on philosophers to carefully consider the ways in which Eurocentrism impacts their very ability to reason.
ZTL regulates thermomorphogenesis through TOC1 and PRR5
Authors: Seo Dain , Park Jeonghyang , Park Jeeyoon , Hwang Geonhee , Seo Pil Joon , Oh Eunkyoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlants adapt to high temperature stresses through thermomorphogenesis, a process that includes stem elongation and hyponastic leaf growth. Thermomorphogenesis is gated by the circadian clock through two evening‐expressed clock components, TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1) and PSEUDO‐RESPONSE REGULATORS5 (PRR5). These proteins directly interact with and inhibit PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4), a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that promotes thermoresponsive growth. PIF4‐mediated thermoresponsive growth is positively regulated by ZEITLUPE (ZTL), a central clock component, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this are poorly understood. Here, we show that ZTL regulates thermoresponsive growth through TOC1 and PRR5. Genetic analyses reveal that ZTL regulates PIF4 activity as well as PIF4 expression. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ztl mutants exhibit highly accumulated TOC1 and PRR5 and unresponsive expression of PIF4 target genes under exposure to high temperatures. Mutations in TOC1 and PRR5 restore thermoactivation of PIF4 target genes and thermoresponsive growth in ztl mutants. We also show that the molecular chaperone heat‐shock protein 90 promotes thermoresponsive growth through the ZTL‐TOC1/PRR5 signaling module. Further, we show that ZTL protein stability is increased at high temperatures. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ZTL‐mediated degradation of TOC1 and PRR5 enhances the sensitivity of hypocotyl growth to high temperatures.
Elevated serum total IgE is associated with eczema exacerbation in children hospitalized for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Atwal Sanmeet , Ong Peck Y. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis (AD) can be a debilitating skin condition, often leading to hospitalization due to severe AD exacerbations or infectious complications. As both AD exacerbations and infectious complications can present similarly, it can be difficult to distinguish the two conditions. Thus, we aimed to evaluate if there is any difference in serum IgE levels in children with AD who were hospitalized for AD exacerbation and for AD‐associated infectious complications.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on hospitalized children with AD exacerbations and AD‐associated infectious complications over a 17‐year span. Data including length of stay, primary diagnosis, systemic antibiotics, laboratory, and bacterial culture results were collected. Serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were adjusted by age. Age, length of stay, total IgE levels, and age‐adjusted IgE levels were compared using t‐test. Logistic regression was used for age‐adjusted IgE levels.ResultsThe mean serum total IgE level in subjects with AD exacerbation was 9603 ± 15,873 kU/L, which was significantly higher than that of subjects with infectious complications at 3167 ± 5486 kU/L (p = .029). Logistic regression revealed that subjects with an age‐adjusted IgE of >4 had more than 3‐fold odds of having AD exacerbation than infectious complications.ConclusionsOur results suggest that total IgE levels are higher in children who were hospitalized for AD exacerbation than those with AD‐associated infectious complications.