bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of synthesis and characterization of raw bagasse, its char and activated carbon prepared using chemical additive
Authors: Raut Ekta R. , Bedmohata (Thakur) Monita A. , Chaudhari Archana R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper reports the use of naturally available raw material as sugarcane bagasse (SB) to prepare cost-effective activated carbon. Activated carbon preparation from SB by using ZnCl2 was carried out by chemical activation method. The raw bagasse, its char and activated carbon were characterized on the basis of iodine number, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area to check their effectiveness. During activated carbon synthesis, the impregnation ratio of SB and ZnCl2 was maintained at 1:1–1:3 and activation temperature was in the range of 600–900 °C for 1 h. From the characterization study, the highest iodine adsorption of activated carbon was found to be 1140.69 mg/g with a 1:2 ratio at 900 °C whereas char gives an iodine number of 529.63 mg/g at the same temperature. The BET surface area of raw bagasse, its char and activated carbon (SB-Zn2-900) obtained was 4.30, 514.27 and 1386.58 m2/g, respectively, which shows charrification and chemical activation improves surface area. The optimum ratio of impregnation and activation temperature was found to be 1:2 at 900 °C. In this work, activated carbon was successfully prepared and obtained product has better characteristics than previously reported studies.
New Tiaoxin Recipe Alleviates Energy Metabolism Disorders in an
APPswe/PS1DE9 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hu Yiran , Xing Sanli , Huang Yan , Chen Chuan , Shen Dingzhu , Chen Jiulin 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical neurodegenerative disease with a
complex etiology. Until now, there has been no effective treatment available for AD; however, improving
energy dysmetabolism, the key pathological event in the early stage of AD, can effectively
delay the progression of AD.

Objective:
This paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of the new
Tiaoxin recipe on early AD.

Methods:
APP/PS1 mice were divided into a model group, a new Tiaoxin recipe group, and a
donepezil group, and C57/BL mice were used for the control group. Mouse cognitive and learning
abilities were tested using the Morris water maze test and a new object-recognition experiment.
The 42 amino acid form of amyloid β peptide (Aβ1–42) content was detected by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, the senile plaque area was detected by thioflavin S staining, and the senescence-
associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)–positive area was detected by chemical staining. Also,
the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) contents were detected using a biochemical method,
and the cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) and silent mating–type information regulation 2 homolog
3 (SIRT3) protein expression levels were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot
analysis.

Results:
Compared with those of the control group, the learning and memory abilities of the model
group were impaired; the senile plaque deposition, Aβ1–42 content, and SA-βgal–positive staining
area were increased; the ATP concentration, NAD+ concentration, and NAD+/NADH ratio were
decreased; the CD38 protein expression level was increased; and the SIRT3 protein expression
level was decreased. Following intervention with the new Tiaoxin recipe, the learning and memory
abilities were improved; the senile plaque deposition, Aβ1–42 content, and SA-βgal–positive area
were reduced; the ATP concentration, NAD+ concentration, and NAD+/NADH ratio were increased;
CD38 protein expression was decreased, and SIRT3 protein expression was increased.

Conclusion:
This study shows that the new Tiaoxin Recipe can improve cognitive ability and reduce
the Aβ1-42 content and senile plaque deposition in APP/PS1 mice, which may occur through
the downregulation of CD38 protein expression, upregulation of SIRT3 protein expression, restoration
of the NAD+ level, promotion of ATP synthesis, mitigation of energy metabolism disorders.
Herbal Drugs Inducing Autophagy for the Management of Cancer:
Mechanism and Utilization
Authors: Rajput Shivam , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
When compared to chemical medicines, herbal medicines have the greatest therapeutic
benefit while having fewer harmful side effects. Many different components in herbs have an anticancer
impact, but the exact mechanism of how they work is unknown. Some herbal medicines
have even been shown to trigger autophagy, a process that has shown promise as a potential cancer
treatment. In the past ten years, autophagy has come to be recognised as a crucial mechanism in
the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which has led to the discovery of its implications in the
pathology of the majority of cellular environments as well as human disorders. Autophagy is a
catabolic process that is used by cells to maintain their homeostasis. This process involves the
degradation of misfolded, damaged, and excessive proteins, as well as nonfunctional organelles,
foreign pathogens, and other cellular components. Autophagy is a highly conserved process. In
this review article, several naturally occurring chemicals are discussed. These compounds offer
excellent prospects for autophagy inducers, which are substances that can hasten the death of cells
when used as a complementary or alternative treatment for cancer. It requires additional exploration
in preclinical and clinical investigations, notwithstanding recent advances in therapeutic medications
or agents of natural products in numerous cancers. These advancements have been made
despite the need for further investigation.
Gene Therapy for Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases
Authors: Saad Jasen F. , Saad Fawzy A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases are associated with cholinergic neuron loss and deterioration
of bone mineral density. Gene therapy through either gene transfer, CRISPR gene editing, or
CRISPR gene modulation holds the potential to cure Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. The emerging
role of weight-bearing exercise in the prevention of, and care for, osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes
has been previously recognized. Moreover, endurance exercise offers a viable alternative to reduce
amyloid peptides deposits while increasing bone mineral density in Alzheimer and Parkinson patients.
β-amyloid peptides, α-synuclein, and tau aggregates start building up two decades before the onset of
Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Therefore, an early intervention program for the detection of these
deposits is required to prevent or delay the onset of these diseases. This article spots light on the potential
of gene therapy for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review
Authors: Burback Lisa , Brémault-Phillips Suzette , Nijdam Mirjam J. , McFarlane Alexander , Vermetten Eric 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
This narrative state-of-the-art review paper describes the progress in the understanding and
treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Over the last four decades, the scientific landscape
has matured, with many interdisciplinary contributions to understanding its diagnosis, etiology, and
epidemiology. Advances in genetics, neurobiology, stress pathophysiology, and brain imaging have
made it apparent that chronic PTSD is a systemic disorder with high allostatic load. The current state
of PTSD treatment includes a wide variety of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches, of
which many are evidence-based. However, the myriad challenges inherent in the disorder, such as individual
and systemic barriers to good treatment outcome, comorbidity, emotional dysregulation, suicidality,
dissociation, substance use, and trauma-related guilt and shame, often render treatment response
suboptimal. These challenges are discussed as drivers for emerging novel treatment approaches,
including early interventions in the Golden Hours, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions,
medication augmentation interventions, the use of psychedelics, as well as interventions targeting
the brain and nervous system. All of this aims to improve symptom relief and clinical outcomes.
Finally, a phase orientation to treatment is recognized as a tool to strategize treatment of the
disorder, and position interventions in step with the progression of the pathophysiology. Revisions to
guidelines and systems of care will be needed to incorporate innovative treatments as evidence emerges
and they become mainstream. This generation is well-positioned to address the devastating and often
chronic disabling impact of traumatic stress events through holistic, cutting-edge clinical efforts
and interdisciplinary research.
OL-FS13 Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting
miR-21-3p Expression
Authors: Liu Naixin , Fan Yan , Li Yilin , Zhang Yingxuan , Li Jiayi , Wang Yinglei , Wang Zhuo , Liu Yixiang , Li Yuansheng , Kang Zijian , Peng Ying , Ru Zeqiong , Yang Meifeng , Feng Chengan , Wang Ying , Yang Xinwang 
Published: May 2023

Background:
OL-FS13, a neuroprotective peptide derived from Odorrana livida, can alleviate
cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury, although the specific underlying mechanism remains
to be further explored.

Objective:
The effect of miR-21-3p on the neural-protective effects of OL-FS13 was examined.

Methods:
In this study, the multiple genome sequencing analysis, double luciferase experiment,
RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were used to explore the mechanism of OL-FS13.

Results:
Showed that over-expression of miR-21-3p against the protective effects of OL-FS13 on oxygen-
glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-damaged pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and in
CI/R-injured rats. miR-21-3p was then found to target calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2
(CAMKK2), and its overexpression inhibited the expression of CAMKK2 and phosphorylation of its
downstream adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby inhibiting
the therapeutic effects of OL-FS13 on OGD/R and CI/R. Inhibition of CAMKK2 also antagonized
up-regulated of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) by OL-FS13, thereby abolishing the
antioxidant activity of the peptide.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that OL-FS13 alleviated OGD/R and CI/R by inhibiting miR-21-3p
to activate the CAMKK2/AMPK/Nrf-2 axis.
Differentiated Embryo-Chondrocyte Expressed Gene1 and Parkinson’s
Disease: New Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Wang Chun-Yan , Qiu Zheng-Jie , Zhang Ping , Tang Xiao-Qing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene1 (DEC1), an important transcription
factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain, is ubiquitously expressed in both human embryonic and
adult tissues. DEC1 is involved in neural differentiation and neural maturation in the central nervous
system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that DEC1 protects against Parkinson's disease (PD) by regulating
apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, immune system, and glucose metabolism disorders.
In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the role of DEC1 in the pathogenesis of PD and
provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of PD and neurodegenerative diseases.
Transition Metals Catalyzed Direct C-H Chalcogenation of Arenes and
Heteroarenes
Authors: Mahata Atanu , Garain Madhusudan , Roy Totan , Gorai Dilip , Kundu Debasish 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Transition metals catalyzed C-H bond activation reactions have appeared as an emerg-ing field to introduce different functional groups in the inactivated saturated and unsaturated C-H bonds. C-S and C-Se bond constructions in aromatic scaffolds are very interesting due to the im-portant applications of organochalcogen reagents in pharmaceutical chemistry and the material world. The introduction of sulphur or selenium moiety to an inert C-H functionality of an arene under transition metal catalysis has become one of the prime challenges and targets in recent years. In this perspective, various transition metals such as Cu, Ni, Co, Pd, Rh, Ru etc. have been extensively studied. Aromatic arenes owning bearing suitable directing groups appeared as the most promising coupling partners to selectively synthesize differently substituted aryl sulfones and aryl sulfides/selenides. The synthetic strategies were highly convenient owing to the regiose-lectivity of products, broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions and excellent functional group tolerance. The current review article comprehensively summarizes the extent of C-S/Se bond formation via transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation with the assistance of directing groups to govern the site selectivity.
Effect of Cooking Procedure on B1, B2, and B6 Vitamins Content and Some Elements in the Main Rice Brands in the Iranian Market
Authors: Asadikaram Gholamreza , Norouzi Saam , Khalili Tahereh , Abolhassani Moslem , Torkzadeh-Mahani Masoud , Hajizadeh Mohammad Reza , Vahabzadeh Zakaria 
Published: May 2023

Aims:
The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the effect of different
methods of cooking on B-group vitamins (B1, B2, and B6), As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and some essential elements
(Cu, Co, and Mn) in the main local varieties of Iranian rice.

Background:
Different cooking procedures have been shown to have contradictory benefits in
terms of nutritional value by affecting the bioavailability of vitamins and microminerals.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the effect of different methods
of cooking on B-group vitamins (B1, B2 and B6), As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and some essential elements
(Cu, Co, and Mn) in the main local varieties of Iranian rice.

Method:
The effectiveness of different cooking procedures, including direct cooking
(Dampokht) and cooking by washing the rice with water and draining off the water (Abkesh), on
B1, B2, and B6 vitamins contents and Cd, As, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn elements in the different local
varieties of Iranian rice was evaluated. For the Dampokht method, the non-rinsed cooked samples
were directly used for evaluation, but for the Abkesh method, the cooked rice samples were first
rinsed and then evaluated.

Results:
Generally, our results showed decreased levels of vitamins and trace elements in cooking
with the Abkesh method in comparison to that of Dampokht. Interestingly, the amount of B1 vitamin
increased after the Dampokht method.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that the rice cooking procedure is very important in the maintenance
of B vitamins and trace elements in the foodstuff, and the Abkesh method leads to the loss
of a great deal of water-soluble vitamins and essential elements. However, it is good for decreasing
poisonous heavy metals and should be recommended for populations that consume rice as the
main staple food and who live in the areas with a high level of toxic heavy metals in drinking water.
The Production of Bioactive Peptides by Optimization of Enzymatic
Hydrolysis Process of Protein from Tilapia Fish Skin Waste (Oreochromis
niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) using Alcalase 2.4.L
Authors: Salman Mohammad Siraj , Barbosa Maria Ivone M. J. , Gamallo Ormindo , Barbosa Junior José L. 
Published: May 2023

Aims:
This study aimed at developing bioactive peptides by optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of protein from tilapia fish skin waste (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) using alcalase 2.4.L.

Background:
Natural bioactive peptides are considered to have low toxicity and therapeutic properties as antioxidants.

Objective:
The conditions of protein hydrolysis obtained from tilapia fish skin waste (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) were optimized using alcalase 2.4.l

Methods:
In this study, the hydrolysis of protein obtained from tilapia fish skin waste (TFSW) was optimized using alcalase 2.4.L by central composite design (CCD). Degree of hydrolysis (DH), radical scavenging activities (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used as dependent variables, whereas temperature, pH, and proportion of enzyme to the substrate (PE%) as independent variables.

Results:
The optimum degree of hydrolysis DH%, DPPH, and FRAP were achieved at a temperature of 58.4 ℃, a pH of 8.7, except for DPPH, which was achieved at a pH of 7.0.

Conclusion:
The present work demonstrated that TFSW could be used as a source to produce bioactive peptides with significant antioxidant activities under specific conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis.
Development of Potential Inhibitors for Human T-lymphotropic Virus
Type I Integrase Enzyme: A Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Jalili-Nik Mohammad , Soltani Arash , Hashemy Seyed Isaac , Rafatpanah Houshang , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim , Gorji Ali , Griffith Renate , Mashkani Baratali 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome, carried out by the
HTLV-1 integrase enzyme, is a crucial step in the Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1)
life cycle. Thus, HTLV-1 integrase is considered an attractive therapeutic target; however, no clinically
effective inhibitors are available to treat HTLV-1 infection.

Objective:
The main objective was to identify potential drug-like compounds capable of effectively
inhibiting HTLV-1 integrase activity.

Methods:
In this study, a model of HTLV-1 integrase structure and three integrase inhibitors (dolutegravir,
raltegravir, and elvitegravir as scaffolds) were used for designing new inhibitors. Designed
molecules were used as templates for virtual screening to retrieve new inhibitors from
PubChem, ZINC15, and ChEMBL databases. Drug-likeness and docked energy of the molecules
were investigated using the SWISS-ADME portal and GOLD software. Stability and binding energy
of the complexes were further investigated using molecular dynamic (MD) simulation.

Results:
Four novel potential inhibitors were developed using a structure-based design protocol
and three compounds from virtual screening. They formed hydrogen bonding interactions with
critical residues Asp69, Asp12, Tyr96, Tyr143, Gln146, Ile13, and Glu105. In addition, π stacking,
halogen, and hydrogen bond interactions were seen between compounds (especially halogenated
benzyl moieties) and viral DNA similar to those seen in parent molecules. MD simulation
confirmed higher stability of the receptor-ligand complex than the ligand-free enzyme.

Conclusion:
Combing structure-based design and virtual screening resulted in identifying three
drug-like molecules (PubChem CID_138739497, _70381610, and _140084032) that are suggested
as lead compounds for developing effective drugs targeting HTLV-1 integrase enzyme.
A Computational Investigation on Chitosan Derivatives using Pharmacophore-
based Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics
Simulations against Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Sakthivel Kiruba , Ganapathy Priyanka , Chandrasekaran Kirubhanand , Subbaraj Gowtham Kumar , Kulanthaivel Langeswaran 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Cancer is one of the most dangerous illnesses to the human body due to
its severity and progressive nature. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) tumor can appear as painless purple
spots on the legs, foot, or face. This cancer develops in the lining of lymph arteries and blood vessels.
Along with the enlargement of lymph nodes, the vaginal region and the mouth portion are the
additional target areas of KS. DNA-binding proteins known as Sox proteins are found in all
mammals and belong to the HMG box superfamily. They controlled a wide range of developmental
procedures, such as the formation of the germ layer, the growth of organs, and the selection of
the cell type. Human developmental abnormalities and congenital illnesses are frequently caused
by the deletion or mutation of the Sox protein.

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to determine the promising Kaposi's sarcoma inhibitors through
computational studies.

Objective:
In this present study computational approaches were used to evaluate the anti- carcinogenic
efficacy against Kaposi's sarcoma.

Methods:
Ligand-based pharmacophore screening was performed utilising four different chemical
libraries (Asinex, Chembridge, Specs, and NCI Natural products (NSC)) depending on the top
hypothesis. The top hits were examined using molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism
and excretion. Highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
were analysed to determine the lead compounds' biological and pharmacological efficacy. The
results of the study indicated that the leading candidates were possible SOX protein inhibitors.

Conclusion:
The results revealed that the top hits responded to all of the pharmacological druglikening
criteria and had the best interaction residues, fitness scores, and docking scores. The resulting
leads might be potential Kaposi's Sarcoma alternative treatments.
Natural Product-derived Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2): Promising Drug Candidates for
COVID-19
Authors: Palshetkar Aparna D. , Rasal Aarti U. , Murugan Aruna , Desai Namita D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
COVID-19 was deemed a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in February
2020. The prevalence of viral diseases worldwide has increased the importance of receiving immediate
medical attention. There is currently no specific medication or vaccine under consideration to treat
coronavirus infection. For reducing or preventing COVID-19 infections, a number of alternative therapies
are anticipated, including the use of synthetic drugs, vaccines, interferon therapy etc. Due to the
serious side effects of the utilized drug therapies, it is crucial to comprehend the pathogenesis of the
coronavirus and explore safe and efficient treatment.

:
Considering the contribution of plants and herbs in the management of viruses like HIV, Herpes Simplex,
MERS-CoV, and influenza, they can be further utilised for COVID-19 treatment. According to
reports, SARS-CoV2 infects host cells through Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, causing
pneumonia linked to COVID-19 as well as acute myocardial injury and long-term cardiovascular
damage. A cure for SARS-CoV2 may lie in understanding the receptor, its targets, and the mechanism
of viral replication. This review article highlights several plants that have the potential to inhibit
ACE2, including Punica granatum, Citrus aurantium, Allium sativum, Piper longum, Curcuma longa,
and Coriandrum sativum as well as their extracts and phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids,
anthraquinone glycosides, phenolic acids, and others. This review will provide opportunities for researchers
to explore the possibility of developing promising dosage forms that will increase the bioavailability
and in vivo effectiveness of the lead candidates.