bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of manure and tillage on soil carbon and soil organic matter in silt loam soils of corn–soybean–forage systems
Authors: Bridges Kathleen M. , Das Srabani , Neikirk Heather , Lal Rattan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAn increasing number of farms in Northeast Ohio are being managed under reduced or conservation tillage practices, while those under conventional or intensive tillage are decreasing. Additionally, the use of on‐site farm manure among the growers is commonplace. Therefore, it is important to understand how the various management practices of these farms are impacting soil health, soil carbon stocks and crop yields.Materials and MethodsThis on‐farm study takes place in the temperate climate of the midwestern United States on a silt loam soil. It focuses on the impact of tillage (mouldboard plough [MP], vertical/chisel tillage [VT] and no‐tillage [NT]) and fertilizer (manure included or not) management practices on soil properties. Twelve agriculture fields and two woodland sites, for reference, on Canfield silt loam soils were selected for assessment in this project. Corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotations and mixed forage Hayfields were the crops considered. Crop yields at each farm along with soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), bulk density, pH, soil test phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) were assessed at two depths, 0–15 and 15–30 cm. Results of the first 2 years of the study (2020 and 2021) are presented here.ResultsAt the surface soil depth (0–15 cm), TC content was not different among cultivated fields (36 Mg  ha−1), but was significantly less than Hayfields, which had the same amount of TC as the wood sites (58 Mg ha−1). There was no significant difference in soil test P, K or S due to tillage. Analysis of variance revealed no statistical difference due to fertilizer. At the soil surface depth, principal component analysis, supported by analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), determined that measurements of TC, TN and SOM distinguished a difference in Hayfields compared to cultivated fields (R‐statistic = 0.33; p = 0.001), but little difference when the 15–30 cm soil depth was considered (R‐statistic = 0.17; p = 0.001). ANOSIM also determined a slightly significant (R‐statistic = 0.065; p = 0.031) difference in fertilizer at the deeper soil depth. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between SOM and corn grain yield (r = 0.59) and TN and corn grain yield (r = 0.39).ConclusionsThere was no significant loss of TC among increasing tillage intensities possibly due to the inclusion of manure fertilizer in tilled fields even though there were only slight statistical differences between fields that utilized manure and those that did not. The use of manure was not detrimental in terms of soil test P for most farms, but should be used judiciously. Inclusion of perennial crops such as hay in rotation with crop production can improve TC and TN content. Finally, increasing SOM could potentially increase corn grain yield, but no causal relationship has been determined yet.
Incorporating investigations of environmental racism into middle school science
Authors: Bradford Allison , Gerard Libby , Tate Erika , Li Rui , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo promote a justice‐oriented approach to science education, we formed a research‐practice partnership between middle school science teachers, their students, curriculum designers, learning scientists, and experts in social justice to co‐design and test an environmental justice unit for middle school instruction. We examine teacher perspectives on the challenges and possibilities of integrating social justice into their standards‐aligned science teaching as they participate in co‐design and teach the unit. The unit supports students to investigate racially disparate rates of asthma in their community by examining pollution maps and historical redlining maps. We analyze interviews and co‐design artifacts from two teachers who participated in the co‐design and taught the unit in their classrooms. Our findings point to the benefits of a shared pedagogical framework and an initial unit featuring local historical content to structure co‐design. Findings also reveal that teachers can share similar goals for empowering students to use science knowledge for civic action while framing the local socio‐political factors contributing to the injustice differently, due in part to different institutional supports and constraints. Student interviews and a pre/postassessment illustrate how the unit facilitated students' progress in connecting socio‐political and science ideas to explain the impacts of particulate matter pollution and who is impacted most. Analyses illuminate how teachers' pedagogical choices may influence whether and how students discuss the impact of systemic racism in their explanations. The findings inform refinement of the unit and suggest supports needed for co‐design partnerships focused on integrating social justice and science.
Insights into Unconventional Intramolecular CH⋅⋅⋅CO Interaction in Os3(CO)9(μ‐H)2(μ3‐η1: η1: η2‐C16H8) Crystal: A QTAIM, NCI, and NBO Exploration
Authors: Cañavera‐Buelvas Farrah , Ospina‐Castro María , Cubillán Néstor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work presents a study investigating the inter‐ and intra‐molecular interactions within the Os3(CO)9(μ‐H)2(μ3‐η1: η1: η2‐C16H8) crystal. The crystal‘s behavior is analyzed by comparing experimental distances, revealing intriguing interactions. In the isolated molecule, an unconventional pyrene‐C−H⋅⋅⋅CO interaction is observed, an electron transfer from σ(C−H) to π*(CO). Strikingly, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules identifies similarities to an intramolecular charge‐inverted hydrogen bond, despite its relatively low stability due to proximity to critical points. Energy surface scans demonstrate that the interaction arises from van der Waals strain induced by the crystal‘s packing structure. The proximity between carbonyl and pyrene facilitates electron transfer between σ(C−H) and π*(CO) at distances similar to the crystal structure. A significant correlation is established between total energy and the ratio (|V|/G) of potential energy density (V) to Lagrangian kinetic energy (G) at bond (BCP) and ring (RCP) critical points, underscoring the role of electron delocalization on the pseudo‐ring in determining the existence and characteristics of these interactions. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into molecular interactions within the Os3(CO)9(μ‐H)2(μ3‐η1: η1: η2‐C16H8) crystal, enriching our understanding of crystal interactions and offering perspectives for further exploration in this field.
Discovery of Natural Multitarget Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors for Therapeutic Hyperuricemia Using Virtual Screening, Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experimental Verification
Authors: Cao Luxi , Ma Bei , Yi Bingxiang , Liu Yaru , Sun Jiaying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this research, based on an important target xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH/XO) of therapeutical hyperuricemia, natural multitarget XO inhibitors are discovered from Chinese herbal medicine. As a result, 31 natural active compounds are found using network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamic simulation computational approaches. Further experimental verification shows that hesperetin, notopterol and cnidimol B are the promising lead compounds as multitarget XO inhibitors. Moreover, hesperetin, as an obvious competitive inhibitor, has the best bioactivities (IC50=13.63±0.12 μM). Additionally, inhibitory mechanism illustrates that these compounds treat hyperuricemia through targets HPRT1, NT5E, XDH, HSP90AA1, STAT3, ESRI, PPARG, MAPK1, MAPK3 SIRT1, mTOR and TLR4. Relevant signaling pathways involve in SCF‐Kit signaling pathway, interleukin signaling pathway, immune system, PDGFR signaling pathway in disease, and cellular response to heat stress. Therefore, the current research provides a new idea for discovery and development of novel XOIs, and has innovative significance for the expansion of related drug research.
Olive Leaves‐Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon as Cathode Material for Anti‐Self‐Discharge Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Li Hongxia , Su Pengyuan , Liao Quanxing , Liu Yongdong , Li Yunfeng , Niu Xiaohui , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Kunjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a promising low‐cost and high‐safety energy storage candidate, zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) have received extensive attention. For maximizing the advantages of ZIHC with high energy density and high power density, the structural engineering of the porous carbon materials is the crucial and effective strategy. Herein, an oxygen‐enriched hierarchical porous carbon has been fabricated from the pyrolysis of olive leaves combing the chemical activation. The abundant interfacial active sites and short ions/electrons transfer length endow the hierarchical porous carbon cathode with high ions adsorption capacity and fast kinetic behaviors. Meanwhile, the oxygen‐rich functional groups can provide extra pseudocapacitance and improve the wettability and conductivity of porous carbon. Benefiting from these advantages, an anti‐self‐discharge ZIHC device with a high energy‐power feature has been assembled. The electrochemical process is studied by ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. Finally, an excellent energy density of 136.3 W h kg−1, and high power output of 20 kW kg−1, as well as long cycle life with 91% capacity retention over 20 000 cycles at 10 A g−1 are realized by as‐assembled ZIHC.
Engineering Unsymmetrically Coordinated Fe Sites via Heteroatom Pairs Synergetic Contribution for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: An Qizheng , Zhang Xu , Yang Chenyu , Su Hui , Zhou Wanlin , Liu Meihuan , Zhang Xiuxiu , Sun Xuan , Bo Shuowen , Yu Feifan , Jiang Jingjing , Zheng Kun , Liu Qinghua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom Fe catalysts are considered as the promising catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the high electronegativity of the symmetrical coordination N atoms around Fe site generally results in too strong adsorption of *OOH intermediates on the active site, severely limiting the catalytic performance. Herein, a “heteroatom pair synergetic modulation” strategy is proposed to tailor the coordination environment and spin state of Fe sites, enabling breaking the shackles of unsuitable adsorption of intermediate products on the active centers toward a more efficient ORR pathway. The unsymmetrically Co and B heteroatomic coordinated Fe single sites supported on an N‐doped carbon (Fe─B─Co/NC) catalyst perform excellent ORR activity with high half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.891 V and a large kinetic current density (Jk) of 60.6 mA cm−2, which is several times better than those of commercial Pt/C catalysts. By virtue of in situ electrochemical impedance and synchrotron infrared spectroscopy, it is observed that the optimized Fe sites can effectively accelerate the evolution of O2 into the *O intermediate, overcoming the sluggish O─O bond cleavage of the *OOH intermediate, which is responsible for fast four‐electron reaction kinetics.
Enhancing Adsorption Desulfurization Performance Using Enriched Cu(I) Sites over Microenvironment‐Modulated HKUST‐1
Authors: Lu Ping , Qi Zhaoyang , Chen Jie , Ye Changshen , Qiu Ting 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh‐efficiency adsorption of aromatic sulfur‐containing compounds from liquid hydrocarbon fuels over metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is challenging because of inert metal sites. A new method, the Ce‐enhanced modulation of MOFs’ microenvironment, is proposed to modulate the –COO···Cu(II)– coordination microenvironment of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST‐1) using Ce(III) as a molecular scalpel for fabricating abundant high‐efficiency Cu(I) and Cu‐coordination‐unsaturated sites and improving the pore structures around adsorptive sites. The optimal CH‐250 thus exhibits adsorptive capacities for 20.2, 28.0, and 58.3 mg S g–1 of thiophene, benzo‐thiophene, and dibenzothiophene, respectively, which are superior to most reported MOFs, zeolites, and nanoporous carbons. The constructed Cu(I) sites show stronger affinity for dibenzothiophene (−0.86 eV) than the initial Cu(II) (−0.74 eV) for out‐of‐plane adsorption. Further, they are far stronger in‐plane adsorption interactions in DBT/CH‐250 (−0.90 eV) than those in DBT/HKUST‐1 (−0.37 eV). Thus, molecular engineering for modulating the coordination microenvironment of MOFs shows great potential for adsorption desulfurization.
A comprehensive survey of personal knowledge graphs
Authors: Chakraborty Prantika , Sanyal Debarshi Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInformation that can encapsulate a person's daily life and its different aspects provides insightful knowledge. This knowledge can prove to be more useful than general knowledge for improving personalized tasks. When it comes to storing such knowledge, personal knowledge graphs (PKGs) come in as handy saviors. PKGs are knowledge graphs which store details that are pertinent to a user but not, in general, useful to the rest of humanity. Conversational agents can access these PKGs to answer queries related to the user's day‐to‐day life, whereas recommender systems can harness the knowledge stored in PKGs to make personalized suggestions. Despite the immense applicability of PKGs, there has not been significant research in this area. We present an extensive review of PKGs. We categorize them according to the domains in which they are most relevant; in particular, we highlight the use of PKGs in medicine, finance, and education and research. We also categorize the different ways of constructing a PKG based on the source of data required for such constructions. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of PKGs and suggest directions for future work.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Human Centricity and User Interaction
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Towards an Effective Artificial Intelligence Systems for Condition Monitoring of Off-Shore Wind Turbines: The Application of Sensor Fusion
Authors: Al-Habaibeh Amin , Shakmak Bubaker , Boateng Ampea , Lee Hyunjoo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the face of increasing energy demand and the upsurge in the recent energy prices post Covid-19 pandemic, scientists and technologists around the world are working to develop more efficient renewable energy alternatives. Among such technologies, wind turbines play an important role as a very mature clean energy technology. But minimising maintenance costs and downtime is critical for off-shore wind turbines; and researchers around the world are trying to develop comprehensive online and real time monitoring systems to monitor the health of wind turbines to advance condition-based maintenance (CBM) strategies in order to reduce cost and enhance availability. There is a need to use sensor fusion since a single type of sensor is not expected to capture the needed information regarding the health of the wind turbine due to the complexity of the operational conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, power output, environmental temperatures; in addition to many other factors. Industrial case study will be presented in this paper to explore the sensor fusion option and discus how to select the most suitable sensors to detect a specific fault, or group of faults, among hundreds of sensors. This is considered a critical step for the development of an artificial intelligence CBM system. The paper presents the use of the ASPS approach (Automated Sensor and Signal Processing Selection). The results show that the suggested methodology could easily identify the sensors and signal processing methods that are sensitive to fault conditions for future diagnostics and prognostics.
CFD Based Aerodynamics Conjugate Heat Transfer and Airgap Fluid Flow Thermal Analysis to a Wheel Hub Motor for Electric Scooters
Authors: Divakaran A. M. , Abo-Serie E. , Gkanas E. I. , Jewkes J. , Shepherd S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe geometry of commercially available wheel hub motors inherently restricts packaging space and may prevent the introduction of more sophisticated, efficient, and expensive cooling systems. Due to the limited available space in the wheels, commercial hub motors often rely on aerodynamic passive cooling. The small air-gap (0.5–1 mm) between the coils and the magnets results in heat transfer to the magnets and consequently increases their temperature. As a result, the perfeormance of the permanent magnets (PMs) will be limited and also will heavily affect their lifetime; thus, advanced cooling strategies must be introduced. In the current study, a three-dimensional (3D) thermal model was developed for a commercially available 500 W scooter hub motor under a constant heat load of 180 W using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) (= 64%).The spatial distribution of the temperature for the motor parts are evaluated considering both the internal and external fluid flow dynamics. Further, analysis of airflow in the the gap is performed and the results from the CFD is compared with the published correlations. The flow in such small motor was found to be laminar with Taylor number below 40. Results also showed that enhancement of the cooling is necessary to avoid damage of the winding vernish and to reduce the magnets temperature particularly when the motor works at high torque with low efficiency.
Response Histories of Sliding Base Structures Under Earthquake Excitation
Authors: Hu Hong-Song 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, the equations of motion for multistory sliding base (SB) structures under three-component excitations are established, and numerical methods for computing the response histories of SB structures are also developed. Typical response histories of SB structure under earthquake excitation are presented, aiming to provide the readers an overview of how a SB structure response when subjected to earthquake excitation. This chapter lays a foundation for the following chapters, which focus on specific aspects of SB structures, respectively.
Equivalent Lateral Forces for Design of Multistory Sliding Base Structures
Authors: Hu Hong-Song 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn Chap. 4, the peak superstructure responses of single-story sliding base (SB) structures subjected to three-component earthquake excitation were studied, and simplified equations for estimating the peak superstructure responses were also developed. For multistory SB structures, these equations may still be used to determine the total earthquake force acting on the superstructure; however, they are not sufficient to determine the earthquake forces acting on each story of a multistory structure. For this reason, this chapter focuses on the development of equivalent lateral forces for the design of multistory SB structures.
Boson star normal modes
Authors: Chan James Hung-Hsu , Sibiryakov Sergey , Xue Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Boson stars are gravitationally bound objects that arise in ultralight dark matter models and form in the centers of galactic halos or axion miniclusters. We systematically study the excitations of a boson star, taking into account the mixing between positive and negative frequencies introduced by gravity. We show that the spectrum contains zero-energy modes in the monopole and dipole sectors resulting from spontaneous symmetry breaking by the boson star background. We analyze the general properties of the eigenmodes and derive their orthogonality and completeness conditions which have non-standard form due to the positive-negative frequency mixing. The eigenvalue problem is solved numerically for the first few energy levels in different multipole sectors and the results are compared to the solutions of the Schrödinger equation in fixed boson star gravitational potential. The two solutions differ significantly for the lowest modes, but get close for higher levels. We further confirm the normal mode spectrum in 3D wave simulations where we inject perturbations with different multipoles. As an application of the normal mode solutions, we compute the matrix element entering the evaporation rate of a boson star immersed in a hot axion gas. The computation combines the use of exact wavefunctions for the low-lying bound states and of the Schrödinger approximation for the high-energy excitations.
A connection between regular black holes and horizonless ultracompact stars
Authors: Carballo-Rubio Raúl , Di Filippo Francesco , Liberati Stefano , Visser Matt 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We illustrate that regular black holes and horizonless stars, typically considered as quite distinct families of black hole mimickers, are intimately intertwined. We show that any spherically symmetric regular black hole can be continuously deformed into a horizonless star under the mild conditions of non-negativity of gravitational energy (Misner-Sharp quasi-local mass), and an assumed linear relation between the latter and the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass. We illustrate this general result by considering the family of geometries proposed by Hayward as the description of regular black holes, and we also describe the properties of the corresponding horizonless stars. The form of the associated effective stress-energy tensor shows that these horizonless stars can be identified as anisotropic gravastars with a soft surface and inner/outer light rings. We also construct dynamical geometries that could describe the evolution of regular black holes towards horizonless stars, and show that it is plausible that the effective stress-energy tensor in the first stages of evolution is generated by semiclassical effects, in agreement with independent works analyzing semiclassical backreaction.
Boundary confining dualities and Askey-Wilson type q-beta integrals
Authors: Okazaki Tadashi , Smith Douglas J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose confining dualities of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) half-BPS boundary conditions in 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric SU(N), USp(2n) and SO(N) gauge theories. Some of these dualities have the novel feature that one (anti)fundamental chiral has Dirichlet boundary condition while the rest have Neumann boundary conditions. While some of the dualities can be extended to 3d bulk dualities, others should be understood intrinsically as 2d dualities as they seem to hold only at the boundary. The gauge theory Neumann half-indices are well-defined even for theories which contain monopole operators with non-positive scaling dimensions and they are given by Askey-Wilson type q-beta integrals. As a consequence of the confining dualities, new conjectural identities of such integrals are found.
Almost multiplicative maps with respect to almost associative operations on Banach algebras
Authors: Kochanek Tomasz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove an Ulam type stability result for a non-associative version of the multiplicativity equation, that is, $$T(xy)=\Psi (T(x),T(y))$$

T
(
x
y
)
=
Ψ
(
T
(
x
)
,
T
(
y
)
)

, where T is a unital bounded operator acting from an amenable Banach algebra to a dual Banach algebra.