bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among Lebanese patients
Authors: El-Hariri Saria A , Saleh Fatima , Moghnieh Wafaa , Sokhn Elie S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue worldwide and became one of the principal international healthcare crises of the 21st century. The production of ESBLs is one of the resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae, and they are increasingly detected in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae globally. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among Lebanese patients.

Methods
A total of 152 ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were obtained from Geitaoui Hospital in Beirut between September 2019 and October 2020 from various clinical samples. The phenotype of ESBL producers was confirmed by a double-disc synergy test and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method. Genotypically, multiplex PCR was used to detect the ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV).

Results
All strains were confirmed to be ESBL producers (121 isolates were E. coli and 31 isolates were K. pneumoniae). All isolates showed resistance to cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ampicillin and piperacillin. On the other hand, they showed a low susceptibility rate to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Almost all the isolates were susceptible to ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin. In our study, ESBL genes were detected among 48 (39.67%) E. coli isolates and 8 (58.06%) K. pneumoniae isolates, and the most prevalent gene was blaTEM (25%), followed by blaCTX-M (19.08%) and blaSHV (16.45%).

Conclusion
Imipenem and ertapenem are the most effective drugs to treat ESBL producers. However, antibiotic stewardship programs must be implemented immediately to combat antibiotic resistance.
Recent progress in CRISPR-based bioengineering of microbial cell factories for important nutraceuticals synthesis
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Iftikhar , Raziq Abdur , Ahmed Aqsa , Iqbal Muhammad Waheed , Tian Rongzhen , Li Jianghua , Liu Long , Liu Yanfeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nutraceuticals are defined as food or food components with therapeutic capabilities that have few side effects and are regarded as a natural therapy for preventing the onset of several life-threatening illnesses. The use of microbial cell factories to produce nutraceuticals is considered to be sustainable and promising for meeting market demand. Among the diverse strategies for optimizing microbial cell factories, the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) system has emerged as a valuable tool for gene integration, deletion, activation, and downregulation. With the advent of multiplexed and precise CRISPR strategies, optimized microbial cell factories are revolutionizing the yield of nutraceuticals. This review focuses on the development of highly adaptable CRISPR strategies to optimize the production in microbial cell factories of some important nutraceuticals (belonging to the class of carotenoids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, polysaccharides, and nonprotein amino acids). Further, we highlighted current challenges related to the efficiency of CRISPR strategies and addressed potential future directions to fully harness CRISPR strategies to make nutraceutical synthesis in microbial cell factories an industrially favorable method.
Analytical Quality by Design-Driven RP-HPLC Method Conditions to Concomitantly Determine Cinnarizine and Morin Hydrate in Combined Drug Solution and Dual Drug-Loaded Formulations
Authors: Goswami Abhinab , Rahman Syed Nazrin R , Pawde Datta M , Shunmugaperumal Tamilvanan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The replacement of traditional oils with a camphor and menthol-based eutectic mixture is done to prepare oil-less emulsion-like dispersions for co-delivery of cinnarizine (CNZ) and morin hydrate (MH) for managing Meniére’s disease (MD). Since two drugs are loaded into the dispersions, the development of a suitable reverse phase–high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for their simultaneous analysis becomes inevitable.

Objective
By applying the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach, the RP-HPLC method conditions were optimized for the concomitant determination of two drugs.

Methods
The systematic AQbD started with identifying critical method attributes (CMA) through an Ishikawa fishbone diagram, risk estimation matrix, and risk priority number-based failure mode effect analysis followed by screening using fractional factorial design and optimization by face-centered central composite design. The concomitant determination of two drugs by the optimized RP-HPLC method condition was substantiated via specificity checking using combined drug solution, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release of the two drugs from emulsion-like dispersions.

Results
The AQbD optimized RP-HPLC method conditions revealed the retention time for CNZ and MH at 5.017 and 5.323, respectively. The studied validation parameters were found within the ICH-prescribed limits. Exposing the individual drug solutions to acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions yielded extra chromatographic peaks for MH, probably due to the degradation of MH. The DEE % values of 87.40 ± 4.70 and 74.79 ± 2.94, respectively, were noticed for CNZ and MH in emulsion-like dispersions. More than 98% CNZ and MH release was occurred from emulsion-like dispersions within 30 min post-dissolution in artificial perilymph.

Conclusions
Overall, the AQbD approach could be helpful for systematic optimization of RP-HPLC method conditions to estimate concomitantly other therapeutic moieties.

Highlights
The proposed article shows the successful application of AQbD for the optimization of RP-HPLC method conditions to concomitantly estimate CNZ and MH in combined drug solution and dual-drug-loaded emulsion-like dispersions.
Effect of voluntary waiting period on metabolism of dairy cows during different phases of the lactation
Authors: Burgers Eline E A , Goselink Roselinde M A , Bruckmaier Rupert M , Gross Josef J , Jorritsma Ruurd , Kemp Bas , Kok Akke , van Knegsel Ariette TM 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An extended calving interval (CInt) by extending the voluntary waiting period (VWP) could be associated with altered metabolism in dairy cows. The aim of this study was first to evaluate the effects of VWP on metabolism and body condition during the first 305 d after the first calving in the experiment (calving 1), around the end of the VWP, and during pregnancy (280 d before calving 2). Second, the effects of the VWP on metabolism were determined from 2 wk before until 6 wk after calving 2. Third, individual cow characteristics were used to predict milk production and body condition of cows after different VWP. Holstein-Friesian cows (N = 154, 41 primiparous [PP], 113 multiparous [MP]) were blocked for parity, milk production, and lactation persistency, randomly assigned to a VWP of 50, 125, or 200 d (VWP50, VWP125, or VWP200) and followed from calving 1 until 6 wk after calving 2. In the first 6 wk after calving 1 and from 2 wk before until 6 wk after calving 2, weekly plasma samples were analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). From wk 7 after calving 1 until 2 wk before calving 2, insulin and IGF-1 were analyzed every 2 wk. Fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) and body weight (BW) gain were measured weekly. Cows were divided in two parity classes based on calving 1 (PP and MP) and remained in these classes after calving 2. During pregnancy, MP cows in VWP200 had greater plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentration and lower FPCM compared with MP cows in VWP125 (insulin: 18.5 vs. 13.9 µU/mL, CI 13.0–19.7, P &lt; 0.01; IGF-1: 198.5 vs. 175.3 ng/mL ± 5.3, P = 0.04; FPCM: 22.6 vs. 30.0 kg/d ± 0.8, P &lt; 0.01) or VWP50 (insulin: 15.8 µU/mL, P &lt; 0.01; IGF-1: 178.2 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.01; FPCM: 26.6 kg/d, P &lt; 0.01) and had a greater daily BW gain compared with cows in VWP50 (3.6 vs. 2.5 kg/d ± 0.2; P &lt; 0.01). After calving 2, MP cows in VWP200 had greater plasma NEFA concentration (0.41 mmol/liter) compared with MP cows in VWP125 (0.30 mmol/liter, P = 0.04) or VWP50 (0.26 mmol/liter, P &lt; 0.01). For PP cows, the VWP did not affect FPCM or body condition during the first lactation in the experiment, or metabolism after calving 2. Independent of the VWP, higher milk production and lower body condition before insemination were associated with higher milk production and lower body condition at the end of the lactation. Variation in these characteristics among cows could call for an individual approach for an extended VWP.
First mitochondrial genomes of Anaspidacea (Malacostraca, Crustacea) and the phylogenetic relationships of mountain shrimps (AnaspidesThomson, 1894) and their relatives within Anaspidesidae
Authors: Höpel Christoph G , Yeo Darren , Ahyong Shane T , Meier Rudolf , Richter Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present the first complete mitochondrial genomes for Anaspidacea by sequencing 24 specimens from 12 different species in four genera (AnaspidesThomson, 1894; ParanaspidesSmith, 1908; AllanaspidesSwain, Wilson, Hickman & Ong, 1970; and MicraspidesNicholls, 1931). We recovered 20 complete (13 protein coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs), and four partial mitogenomes. The full mitogenomes range in length from 15,213 bp to 17,962 bp. We found five different gene orders and reconstruct the ground pattern of Anaspidacea, which differs from the hypothetical pancrustacean ground pattern by the translocation and reversal of tRNA-L1. The same translocation is also found in Euphausiacea and could represent a synapomorphy of these two taxa. Moreover, we reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the Anaspidesidae using a data set consisting of the mitochondrial protein coding genes, the two ribosomal RNAs as well as nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA. Our results strongly corroborate the monophyly of all three anaspidesiid genera, with Paranaspides as the sister group to Anaspides, which together, are sister to Allanaspides. Lastly, we resolve the main phylogenetic relationships within Anaspides.
Structural optimization of multistage centrifugal pump via computational fluid dynamics and machine learning method
Authors: Zhao Jiantao , Pei Ji , Yuan Jianping , Wang Wenjie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To implement energy savings in multistage centrifugal pumps, a return channel is utilized to replace the origin inter-stage flow channel structure, and then a single-objective optimization work containing high-precision numerical simulation, design variable dimensionality reduction, and machine learning is conducted to obtain the optimal geometric parameters. The variable dimensionality reduction process is based on the Spearman correlation analysis method. The influence of 15 design variables of the impeller and return channel is investigated, and seven of them with high-impact factors are selected as the final optimization variables. Thereafter, a genetic algorithm-backpropagation neural network (GA-BPNN) model is used to create a surrogate model with a high-fitting performance by employing a GA to optimize the initial thresholds and weights of a BPNN. Finally, a multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) is employed to maximize hydraulic efficiency under the nominal condition. The findings demonstrate that the optimized model’s efficiency is increased by 4.29% at 1.0Qd, and the deterioration of the pump performance under overload conditions is effectively eliminated (the maximum efficiency increase is 14.72% at 1.3Qd). Furthermore, the internal flow analysis indicates that the optimization scheme can improve the turbulence kinetic energy distribution and reduce unstable flow structures in the multistage centrifugal pump.
Entomology beyond research and education: 2022 student debates
Authors: Sandhi Ramandeep Kaur , Pickens Victoria , Bello Elizabeth , Elzay Sarah , Salgado Sara , Hauri Kayleigh C , Ternest John J , Constancio Natalie , Gula Scott , Gearner Olivia M , Anderson Magdeline , Edeburn Molly , Hall Brandon , Maille Jacqueline , Toth Mollie , Khadka Arjun , Doherty Ethan , Musgrove Tyler , Silva Tiago , Desoto Alexia , Rampone Emily , Jocson Dowen , Luppino Mario , Pautzke Kellen , Wagstaff Camille 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The 2022 student debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) happened during the Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Societies of America, Canada, and British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, and addressed entomological aspects beyond research and education. The Student Debates Subcommittee of the ESA Student Affairs Committee and the participating student team members communicated for 8 months and prepared for the debates. The theme of the ESA meeting in 2022 was “Entomology as inspiration: Insects through art, science, and culture”. There were 2 unbiased speakers who introduced the debate topics as well as 4 teams who debated the following 2 topics: (i) Is forensic entomology viable in criminal case investigations and court cases today? and (ii) Are insects being treated ethically in scientific research? The teams prepared for about 8 months, debated their arguments, and shared their thoughts with the audience. The teams were judged by a panel and the winners were recognized at the ESA Student Awards Session during the annual meeting.
Current treatment strategies for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: from first line to beyond osimertinib resistance
Authors: Araki Taisuke , Kanda Shintaro , Horinouchi Hidehito , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, is the standard therapy for previously untreated EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients following the landmark FLAURA study. However, resistance inevitably hinders patient prognosis, increasing the need for new therapeutic strategies beyond osimertinib. Frontline osimertinib-based combination strategies (platinum-based chemotherapy and angiogenesis inhibitors) are currently being tested primarily to prevent initial resistance. In the later-line setting after osimertinib, many next-line therapeutic candidates have been actively examined in clinical trials. Notably, several drugs with novel mechanisms of action, such as antibody–drug conjugates and EGFR -MET bispecific antibodies, have shown promising efficacy despite the resistance mechanisms and are close to clinical application. In addition, genotype-based target strategies have been investigated for a better understanding of osimertinib resistance mechanisms based on molecular profiling tests at relapse. The C797S mutation and MET gene alterations are commonly identified following osimertinib resistance, for which targeting strategies are actively tested. This review describes current pharmacotherapeutic strategies for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer based on the results of clinical trials and the latest published data, broadly grouped into two sections: 1) EGFR TKIs-based combination therapy in the front-line setting and 2) novel therapeutic strategies after osimertinib resistance.
Labor provisions in trade agreements: recasting the protectionist debate
Authors: LeClercq Desirée , Robertson Raymond , Samaan Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Labor provisions are integral to regional trade agreements (RTAs). Critics argue that they are a protectionist measure by reducing trade flows. Efforts to test that argument by employing various economic gravity models to trade agreements with labor provisions have failed to apply clear legal criteria and updated estimation methods. Drawing from the law of transnational contracts, we apply clear legal criteria to labor clauses and estimate a Poisson regression by pseudo maximum likelihood with high-dimensional fixed effects and controls for other “deep” agreement provisions associated with trade. We estimate the relationship between labor provisions and bilateral trade by classifying labor clauses found in all World Trade Organization-notified RTAs from the 1990s through February 2016. Contrary to previous efforts, our concise typology, updated estimation methods, and controls for additional trade-agreement variables find no robust evidence that labor provisions impact, much less reduce, trade flows (JEL F1, C5, F14, F66).
Introduction to the special issue of social media: the good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Stromer-Galley Jennifer , Wojcieszak Magdalena , John Nicholas , Massanari Adrienne L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As social media scholarship pervades the communication discipline, it is time to reflect on the good, bad, and ugly of social media. The theme for this special issue is inspired in part by the 1966 film, “The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.” Like its portrayal of the American Civil War, we again face deep divisions. The question is what role is social media helping us to heal those divides versus fragmenting us further? The seven articles in this issue reflect the complexity of the answer. Although we aimed for diversity, this issue focuses on the Global North. This reflects the field and the need to decenter Western epistemology. Nevertheless, the articles help us see that social media is not easily reduced to simplistic framings, but instead enables new connections and collective action, while also risking further fragmentation of our information environment and greater polarization—while technology companies profit.
Factors Associated With Viral Suppression and Drug Resistance in Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Care and Treatment Programs in Southern Tanzania
Authors: Khamadi Samoel A , Bahemana Emmanuel , Dear Nicole , Mavere Caroline , George Fredy , Kapene Razack , Papianus Grace , Willoughby Walidah , Chambers Jillian , Ganesan Kavitha , Mwakabanje Iman , Bacha Jason M , Desai Priyanka , Almas Shaban , Coakley Peter D , Wolfman Vanessa , Lee Elizabeth H , Hickey Patrick W , Livezey Jeffrey , Agaba Patricia A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Achieving viral suppression (VS) for persons living with HIV is key to reaching epidemic control. We assessed the prevalence of VS and the frequency of HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRM) among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) in the Southern Highland zone of Tanzania.

Methods
From 2019 to 2021, we enrolled CALHIV aged 1–19 years on ART for &gt;6 months in a cross-sectional study. Participants had viral load (VL) testing; those with VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL underwent HIVDRM testing. VS (&lt;1000 copies/mL) prevalence estimates were calculated and robust Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with potential predictors of VS.

Results
Of 707 participants, 595 had VS (PR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.81–0.87). Use of an integrase strand transfer inhibitor-containing regimen (aPR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.99–1.34), age 5–9 years (aPR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07–1.26), and seeking care at a referral center (aPR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.21) were associated with VS. Factors inversely associated with VS included having one (aPR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72–0.92) or two or more (aPR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94) referrals for adherence counselling, and self-reporting missing one to two (aPR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) or three or more (aPR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63–0.92) doses of ART in the past month. Of 74 participants with PRRT and INT sequencing done, 60 (81.1%) had HIVDRMs at the following frequencies: 71.6%, 67.6%, 1.4%, and 4.1% for major NNRTI, NRTI, PI, and INSTI respectively.

Conclusions
Higher rates of VS were observed in this cohort, and HIVDRMs were common in those without VS. This evidence supports ART optimization using dolutegravir-based regimens. However, better strategies to improve adherence are needed.
Monotropein alleviates sepsis-elicited acute lung injury via the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Gong Yuanzhong , Wang Junyi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To address the effect and mechanism of Monotropein (Mon) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI).

Methods
ALI model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse lung epithelial cell lines (MLE-12) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-treated mice, respectively. The function of Mon was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), pathological staining, the pulmonary function examination, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labellingand western blot.

Results
Mon increased the LPS-reduced viability but decreased the LPS-evoked apoptosis rate in MLE-12 cells. Mon suppressed the concentrations and protein expressions of proinflammatory factors, and the expressions of fibrosis-related proteins in LPS-challenged MLE-12 cells compared with LPS treatment alone. Mechanically, Mon downregulated the levels of NF-κB pathway, which was confirmed with the application of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Correspondingly, RANKL reversed the ameliorative effect of Mon on the proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, Mon improved the pathological manifestations, apoptosis, the W/D ratio and pulmonary function indicators in CLP-treated mice. Consistently, Mon attenuated inflammation, fibrosis and NF-κB pathway in CLP-treated mice.

Conclusion
Mon inhibited apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis to alleviate sepsis-evoked ALI via the NF-κB pathway.
Energy transition and Sustainable Development Goal 7: a legal analysis in the context of the Arab world
Authors: Ibrahim Imad Antoine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) focuses on access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The hope is that its implementation will result in a much-needed energy transition. Nonetheless, its application, from a legal perspective, remains unclear given the aspirational nature of sustainable development goals. This article examines this issue using the Arab world as a case study. Despite the great effort in the international community’s establishment of the voluntary follow-up and review framework to facilitate these goals application, their actual execution in general and particularly SDG7 is subject to states willingness to amend their domestic regulations and policies or adopt new ones.
Flowering also has to end: knowns and unknowns of reproductive arrest in monocarpic plants
Authors: Balanzà Vicente , Merelo Paz , Ferrándiz Cristina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
All flowering plants adjust their reproductive period for successful reproduction. Flower initiation is controlled by a myriad of intensively studied factors, so it can occur in the most favorable conditions. However, the end of flowering is also a controlled process, required to optimize the size of the offspring and to maximize resource allocation. Reproductive arrest was described and mainly studied in the last century by physiological approaches, but it is much less understood at the genetic or molecular level. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress in this topic, fueled by highly complementary studies that are beginning to provide an integrated view of how the end of flowering is regulated. In this emerging picture, we also highlight key missing aspects that will guide future research and may provide new biotechnological avenues to improve crop yield in annual plants.