bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Soal Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) dengan Media Live Worksheet
Authors: Ningsih Puji Rahayu , Dellia Prita , Risnasari Medika , Cahyani Laili , Rikanawati Rikanawati , Albian Ray 
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menghasilkan soal Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV) dengan media live worksheet yang layak digunakan. Metode penelitian menggunakan Research and Development dengan menggunakan model formative research yang memiliki dua tahapan yaitu: 1) tahap preminary dan 2) tahap formative evaluation yang dimulai dari tahap self-evaluation, expert review, one to one, small group dan field test. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII UPTD SMP 3 Kamal tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Instrumen soal AKM yang dikembangkan terdiri dari 4 soal berupa pilihan ganda komplek, 2 soal berupa pilihan ganda, 2 soal esai, 1 soal menjodohkan, dan 1 isian pendek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) berdasarkan uji validitas soal AKM pada tahap expert review didapatkan hasil tingkat kevalidan dari ahli materi 80% yang artinya “sangat valid”, dan tingkat kevalidan dari ahli kontruksi 95% yang artinya “sangat valid”. (2) Berdasarkan angket respon siswa pada tahap small group memperoleh persentase kepraktisan sebesar 79% yang artinya “sangat praktis”, serta; (3) Pada tahap field test diperoleh analisis butir soal hasil uji validitas soal bahwa terdapat 9 soal valid dan 1 soal tidak valid. Kemudian hasil uji reliabilitas soal AKM, diperoleh hasil sebesar 0,784 yang artinya memiliki reliabilitas “tinggi”. Sedangkan untuk taraf kesukaran terdapat 6 soal kategori mudah dan 4 soal kategori sedang. Serta pada daya pembeda, diperoleh 7 soal “cukup”, 2 soal “jelek” dan 1 soal “baik”. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan 9 dari 10 soal Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
AI Grid Design for Fast Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Nghiem Long , Dang Cuong , Nguyen Ngoc , Yang Chaodong , Luo Jia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reservoir simulators based on physics provide the most accurate method for predicting oil and gas recovery, in particular from waterflood and EOR processes. However, detailed full-field simulation can be computationally demanding. In recent years, there have been attempts in accelerating reservoir simulation by combining simplification of the gridding requirement with data-driven approaches while maintaining the full physics. One such approach is the physics-based data-driven flow network model where 1D or 2D grids connecting the wells are configured and simulated. The parameters of the flow network model are then tuned to match full 3D simulation or field-data. Even though the grid has been simplified, a large number of parameters are needed to reproduce the 3D simulation results.
In this paper, an approach similar to the flow network model is presented. The main contribution of this paper is the parameterization of the gridding process between the wells such that a minimal number of parameters are needed. Essentially, the grids between the wells are configured to model accurately the flow behavior. The corner-point grid geometry is kept so that current simulators could be used with the proposed method. In this paper, the grid geometry is determined with AI methods for one waterflood run. The grid could be used subsequently for waterflood with widely different injection/production scenarios and even for chemical flood. The ability of the approach to derive the grid from a single waterflood run is another significant contribution of this paper.
Decarbonization Will Not Come for Free: Asset-M Marginal Abatement Cost Curve
Authors: Al Kindi Osama Mohammed , Al Hinai Suleiman , Ghefeili Hilal , Al Sawafi Marwan , Abri Mohammed , Hugonet Vincent , Ghailani Taher , Dabbagh Raied 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Net Zero pathway is critical for the sustainability and life quality on Earth, yet the decarbonization efforts will not come for free. In this paper, the in-depth investigation of all the applicable decarbonization levers for Asset-M has been investigated. Worth to mention that Asset-M is the second Largest Asset for Oil production in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), which is located to the East region of Dhofar in the South of the Sultanate of Oman. The work presented here will illustrate the decarbonization cost for the different projects from a qualitative screening point of view.
PDO as the main oil and gas producer in the Sultanate of Oman has pledged to reduce its Source 1 & 2 emissions by 50% in 2030 and to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. A mission that is not only difficult with the current available technologies but also very expensive and require a lot of funding and collaboration between the different research and governmental entities.
The first step in this decarbonization exercise was to pinpoint the sources of emissions, for Asset M these are mainly characterized in Flaring, Power consumption, Fuel gas for crude processing and other emissions associated to the infrastructure such as stationary combustion, transportation and fugitives. A benchmark exercise was conducted to understand the cost of the different technologies capable to decarbonize Asset-M based on the different sources available.
A Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) analysis was used to screen the different decarbonization levers from a comparison point of view. The analysis does illustrate options with viable commerciality yet for those options which appear noneconomical it does highlight the cost of Carbon per ton needed for the projects to fly either through government tax credit or other type of subsides.
It is clear from the MACC analysis conducted based on global benchmark data of Renewables, batteries cost, gas and oil prices and others; that the decarbonization towards net zero emission will not come for free. Billions of Dollars will have to be spent for two main good reasons:
The technology cost is still high due to the current level of maturity and scale (e.g. CCUS, Hydrogen, Renewables, batteries and more) Carbon is still not taxed in many countries and hence the attitude of the Oil and Gas industry is yet to pick up the momentum and urgency to accelerate new technologies trials which will help in unlocking more sustainable but economical solutions for decarbonization.
The information presented here will be published for the first time specially when it comes to the potential of Carbon cost escalation if net Zero emission pathway is mandated, and under any circumstance, Decarbonization will not come for Free.
Life-Cycle Production Optimization with Nonlinear Constraints Using a Least-Squares Support-Vector Regression Proxy
Authors: Almasov Azad , Onur Mustafa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we develop computationally efficient methods for deterministic production optimization under nonlinear constraints using a kernel-based machine learning method where the cost function is the net present value (NPV). We use the least-squares support-vector regression (LSSVR) to maximize the NPV function. To achieve computational efficiency, we generate a set of output values of the NPV and nonlinear constraint functions, which are field liquid production rate (FLPR) and water production rate (FWPR) in this study, by running the high-fidelity simulator for a broad set of input design variables (well controls) and then using the collection of input/output data to train LS-SVR proxy models to replace the high-fidelity simulator to compute NPV and nonlinear constraint functions during iterations of sequential quadratic programming (SQP). To obtain improved (higher) estimated optimal NPV values, we use the existing so-called iterative sampling refinement (ISR) method to update the LSSVR proxy so that the updated proxy remains predictive toward promising regions of search space during the optimization. Direct and indirect ways of constructing LSSVR-based NPVs as well as different combinations of input data, including nonlinear state constraints and/or the bottomhole pressures (BHPs) and water injection rates, are tested as feature space. The results obtained from our proposed LS-SVR-based optimization methods are compared with those obtained from our in-house StoSAG-based line-search SQP programming (LS-SQP-StoSAG) algorithm using directly a high-fidelity simulator to compute the gradients with StoSAG for the Brugge reservoir model. The results show that nonlinear constrained optimization with the LSSVR ISR with SQP is computationally an order of magnitude more efficient than LS-SQP-StoSAG. In addition, the results show that constructing NPV indirectly using the field liquid and water rates for a waterflooding problem where inputs come from LSSVR proxies of the nonlinear state constraints requires significantly fewer training samples than the method constructing NPV directly from the NPVs computed from a high-fidelity simulator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that shows the means of efficient use of a kernel-based machine learning method based on the predictor information alone to perform efficiently life-cycle production optimization with nonlinear state constraints.
Challenges in Modeling Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes for CO2 Injection in a North Sea Hydrocarbon Chalk Reservoir
Authors: Hosseinzadehsadati Seyedbehzad , Amour Frédéric , Hajiabadi Mohammad Reza , M. Nick Hamidreza 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
CO2 injection in depleted oil and gas reservoirs has become increasingly important as a means of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates coupled multiphysics simulations of CO2 injection in chalk reservoirs to better understand the complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes involved. Two compositional models are created: an isothermal model and a non-isothermal model. Since temperature impacts on fluid compositions have introduced errors in estimating the reservoir's compositions, we made certain simplifications on fluid compositions for the thermal model to address this issue. By using the simplified model, we simulate the temperature propagation of cold fluid into a hot reservoir to observe induced thermal stress due to temperature changes. Despite these simplifications for geomechanical modeling, the propagation of CO2 in the depleted gas reservoir was calculated without considering thermal effects, assuming that the density and viscosity of CO2 remained constant with temperature change in the coupled simulation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the THMC processes involved in CO2 injection in the depleted gas reservoir and highlight the importance of accurately modeling thermal effects to improve simulation accuracy.
Two-Step Electrochemical Au Nanoparticle Formation in Polyaniline
Authors: Zhao Bin , Becker Hans-Werner , Gutsch Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we use a two-step cyclic electrochemical process to insert Au into polyaniline (PANI). It was suggested previously that this method would lead to the formation of atomic Au clusters with a controlled number of Au atoms without providing morphological proof. In each cycle, tetrachloroaurate anions (AuCl4-) are attached on the protonated imine sites of PANI, followed by a controlled reduction using cyclic voltammetry (CV). In contrast to previous work, we demonstrate that the reduction leads to a nucleation and growth of Au nanoparticle (NP) whose density and size dispersion depend on the Au loading in PANI. Adding more deposition cycles increases the Au NP density and size. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and corresponding energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicate a homogeneous distribution of Au elements in the PANI matrix before CV reduction, while Au elements are aggregated and clearly localized in the NPs positions after CV reduction. We further use Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) to quantify the Au uptake in PANI. The Au distribution is verified to be initially homogeneous across the PANI layer whereas the increasing number of deposition cycles leads to a surface segregation of Au. We propose a two-step growth model based on our experimental results. Finally, we discuss the results with respect to the formation of atomic Au clusters reported previously using the same deposition method.
Characterization of microplastics and its Pollution load index in freshwater Kumaraswamy Lake of Coimbatore, India
Authors: Ephsy Davis , Raja Selvaraju 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Mass production, consumption, and disposal of plastics pollute the freshwater environment. Microplastics are small plastic particles less than 5mm in diameter that enter the ecosystem as a result of the breakdown of large plastic particles or the direct release of small plastic particles by climate and human activities. This study focused on investigating the spatial, and seasonal dispersal of microplastics in the surface water of Kumaraswamy Lake, Coimbatore which is located at the Latitude of 110’00.52'' N, Longitude of 76056’42” E. In different seasons, such as summer, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon samples were taken from the inlet, centre, and outlet. Microplastics made of linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, and polypropylene were found in all sampling points. From the water samples, fibre, thin, fragments, and film shapes of microplastics were identified and most of them were black, pink, blue, white, transparent, and yellow in colour. The lake's microplastic pollution load index values were less than 10, which implies the risk I category. Microplastic concentration over four seasons was 8.77 ± 0.27 particles per liter and a high distribution was observed in the outlet area (10.70 ± 0.25 particles/L). Seasonally, the highest microplastic concentration was found in the monsoon season followed by pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and the lowest in the summer season. These results emphasize that the distribution of microplastics spatially and seasonally wise may cause harmful effects on the fauna and flora that live in lake habitats.
Combating fungal phytopathogen with human salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 through a multi-target mechanism
Authors: Chadha Sonia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major contributor to decreased crop yield and rice production globally. The use of chemical fungicides to combat crop pathogens is not only unsafe but also promotes the emergence of pathogenic variants, leading to recurrent host infections. To address plant diseases, antimicrobial peptides have emerged as a promising alternative as they are effective, safe, and biodegradable antifungal agents. This study examines the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of the human salivary peptide histatin 5 (Hst5) on M. oryzae. Hst5 causes morphogenetic defects in the fungus, including non-uniform chitin distribution on the fungal cell wall and septa, deformed hyphal branching, and cell lysis. Importantly, a pore-forming mechanism of Hst5 in M. oryzae was ruled out. Furthermore, the interaction of Hst5 with the M. oryzae genomic DNA suggests that the peptide may also influence gene expression in the blast fungus. In addition to its effects on morphogenetic defects and cell lysis, Hst5 also inhibits conidial germination, appressorium formation, and the appearance of blast lesions on rice leaves. The elucidated multi-target antifungal mechanism of Hst5 in M. oryzae provides an environmentally friendly alternative to combating blast infections in rice by preventing fungal pathogenicity. The promising antifungal characteristics of the AMP peptide may also be explored for other crop pathogens, making it a potential biofungicide for the future.
Waste plastics acts as a good growth promoter: a laboratory-based study
Authors: Mondal Naba Kumar , Singha Papiya , Sen Kamalesh , Mondal Arghadip , Debnath Priyanka , Mondal Anupam , Mishra Debojyoti 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Majority of non-biodegradable waste were generated from various plastic products. Our objective was to the conversion of waste PET plastics to carbon microsphere, their characterization and their application in the field of germination of Cicer arietinum and biochemical analysis. In order to achieve the above objectives, waste PET plastics was converted to carbon microsphere through heating at 800 °C by muffle furnace followed by characterization by using SEM-EDX, XRD and FTIR. The results of SEM and XRD are revealed that PET plastic are comfortably converted to microsphere with a diameter ranges between 2-8 µm with amorphous nature and FTIR study suggested that the existence of aromatic C-H and aromatic ring along with carbonyl groups. Root morphology suggested that both root length and seminal root number gradually decrease with increasing carbon-dot dose. Biochemical results revealed that the level of proline, catalase and MDA levels significantly (p < 0.0001) increase with increasing the dose of carbon dot. Finally, it can be concluded that lower dose of carbon-dot could be beneficial for both seed germination and seedling growth, but higher dose may have adverse effect on plant community.
Exploration of Efficacy and Mechanism of 0.05% Cyclosporine Eye Drops (II) Monotherapy in Allergic Conjunctivitis-associated Dry Eye
Authors: Jiao Xiting , Qi Yuanyuan , Gao Ning , Zhang Chen , Zhao shaozhen , Yang Ruibo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the efficacy and relevant mechanism of 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops (II) monotherapy in patients with allergic conjunctivitis-associated dry eye (ACDE).
Methods
Prospective, randomized, controlled study. Fifty-three patients with mild-to-moderate ACDE were randomly assigned to two groups. The CsA group received 0.05% CsA eye drops (II) monotherapy four times daily. The control group received 0.1% olopatadine twice daily combined with 0.1% preservative-free artificial tears four times daily. Clinical symptoms and signs, tear total IgE, and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) concentrations were assessed at pre- and post-treatment days 7, 30, and 60. And we further measured six tear inflammatory cytokines levels using a microsphere-based immunoassay.
Results
The CsA group showed significant improvement in symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index and itching scores) and signs (conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival edema, conjunctival papillae, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescent staining, and goblet cell density) at each follow-up period compared to pre-treatment (all P<0.050). And its improvement in itching scores (P7th<0.001, P30th=0.039, and P60th=0.031) and TBUT (P7th=0.009, P30th=0.003, and P60th=0.005) was more significant than the control group at all follow-up periods. The tear total IgE, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, periostin, eotaxin-3, and MMP-9 levels significantly decreased in the CsA group at day 60 after treatment (all P<0.050). And the changed values in tear total IgE were positively correlated with the change in itching scores.
Conclusions
0.05% CsA eye drops (II) monotherapy can rapidly improve the symptoms and signs, especially in ocular itching and TBUT, in patients with ACDE. And its efficacy is superior to 0.1% olopatadine combined with artificial tears. Moreover, CsA downregulates the expression levels of tear inflammatory cytokines, including tear total IgE, IL-5, IL-6, periostin, eotaxin-3, and MMP-9. Among that, the reduction in tear total IgE levels may reflect the improvement of ocular itching.
40:60: The optimal ratio between animal and plant-based proteins for health and environment
Authors: Simon Wolfram , Hijbeek Renske , Frehner Anita , Cardinaals Renee , Talsma Elise F. , Zanten Hannah Van 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

There is currently little agreement on the optimal ratio of animal-sourced (ASP) versus plant-sourced proteins (PSP) in sustainable human diets. We deployed a biophysical optimization model to find the optimal ASP:PSP ratio at current and recommended protein intake levels for the EU28 countries. Results show that the lowest environmental impact for both land use and greenhouse gas emissions is achieved at a recommended protein intake of 46 g protein/cap/day with an ASP:PSP ratio of 40:60 (18 g ASP/cap/day). At current protein intake (82 g protein/cap/day), the optimal ASP:PSP ratio for land use ranges evenly between 22:78 and 60:40 (18 and 49 g ASP/cap/day) while for greenhouse gas emissions the optimal ASP:PSP ratio is at 40:60 (18 g ASP/cap/day). Diets containing less than 18 g ASP/cap/day show micronutrient inadequacies, leading to increases in both land use and greenhouse gas emissions.
Medical students’ experience and learning outcomes of overseas community involvement project: a qualitative study
Authors: Nadarajan Gayathri Devi , Rasappan Kumaran , Ng Jonathan Shen You , Lim Melvin , Yoon Sungwon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background: Medical students in Singapore engage in short term medical missions, locally known as Overseas Community Involvement Projects (OCIPs). Little is known about the learning outcomes of an OCIP and how this complements their medical education back home. Understanding this can help the medical educators structure the OCIP to optimise its learning value.
Objectives: This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences and learning outcomes of the medical students who participated in the OCIP.
Methods: This was a qualitative study involving Singaporean students from one medical school travelling to Nepal. Data was collected from reflective journals, overall group reflections and two focus group discussions. The data was thematically analysed using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical (ACGME) core competencies for medical professionals.
Results: The data could be classified under various themes within the six domains of the ACGME framework. The study revealed themes of: humanism, socioeconomic and cultural determinants of health under the domain of patient care, application of medical knowledge, investigating and evaluating the needs of a population and feedback to drive improvement under the domain of practice-based learning and improvement, use of non-verbal cues and communicating across language barriers under the domain of interpersonal and communication skills, healthcare systems and delivery, resourcefulness and adaptability, health equity and accessibility under the domain of systems-based practice, ethics, role-modelling, teamwork and leadership skills, interprofessional skills and resilience under the domain of professionalism. Understanding the students’ motivations, utilising reflections and following the patients’ journey facilitated attainment of these outcomes.
Conclusions: This OCIP experience translated to learning outcomes aligned with the ACGME framework. There is great potential for the experiential learning from a well-structured OCIP to help with personal and professional development and global health education.