bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eigenvalue Tests for the Number of Latent Factors in Short Panels
Authors: Fortin Alain-Philippe , Gagliardini Patrick , Scaillet Olivier 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article studies new tests for the number of latent factors in a large cross-sectional factor model with small time dimension. These tests are based on the eigenvalues of variance–covariance matrices of (possibly weighted) asset returns and rely on either an assumption of spherical errors, or instrumental variables for factor betas. We establish the asymptotic distributional results using expansion theorems based on perturbation theory for symmetric matrices. Our framework accommodates semi-strong factors in the systematic components. We propose a novel statistical test for weak factors against strong or semi-strong factors. We provide an empirical application to U.S. equity data. Evidence for a different number of latent factors according to market downturns and market upturns is statistically ambiguous in the considered subperiods. In particular, our results contradict the common wisdom of a single-factor model in bear markets.
Testing the efficiency of capture methods for questing Hyalomma lusitanicum (Acari: Ixodidae), a vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Authors: Cuadrado-Matías Raúl , Casades-Martí Laia , Peralbo-Moreno Alfonso , Baz-Flores Sara , García-Manzanilla Edgar , Ruiz-Fons Francisco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Available methods to census exophilic tick populations have limitations in estimating true population size due to their inability to capture a high proportion of the actual tick population. We currently ignore the efficacy of these methods to capture questing Hyalomma spp. ticks, vectors of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. To address the need of accurately estimating questing densities of Hyalomma spp., we designed a field experiment to test the efficacy of blanket dragging, blanket flagging, CO2-baited traps, and an ad hoc designed method, absolute surface counts, in capturing adult Hyalomma lusitanicum ticks from known numbers of preset fluorescent-marked ticks. The experiment was designed in 2 stages to estimate the point (1-day sampling) and cumulative (3-day serial sampling) efficacy of the methods under varying sampling effort and habitat. Tick survival, host interference, and weather effects on efficacy were controlled for in multiple regression models. There was high variability in method efficacy for capturing ticks, which was also modulated by effort, habitat, tick density, hosts, and soil temperature. The most effective method was absolute surface counts for both point estimates (39%) and cumulative efficacy (83%). CO2-baited traps reached a maximum efficacy of 37%, while blanket dragging and blanket flagging captured a maximum of the 8% of the marked ticks. Our results reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the different tick capture methods applied to adult H. lusitanicum and lay the groundwork for more accurate inferences about the true size of exophilic tick populations.
Evaluation of ultra-low volume treatments on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance and relative age by parity dissection
Authors: DeLisi Nicholas , Arreola Marisol Mosqueda , O’Meara Shannon , Dimise Mollie , Caillouet Kevin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District relies on ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticides to manage adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Say 1823), the primary vector of West Nile virus in Louisiana, but abundance rarely declines post-treatment. Three field ULV applications each of adulticides containing deltamethrin, naled, or resmethrin were conducted from May through October 2022 to measure efficacy against free-flying Cx. quinquefasciatus. Female mosquitoes trapped before and after treatment were identified, counted, and age-graded by parity dissection. No insecticide applications reduced Cx. quinquefasciatus abundance, but trials with deltamethrin and naled significantly lowered average mosquito age in the area post-treatment. No trials with resmethrin reduced mosquito age, which corroborates laboratory susceptibility data indicating local resistance toward the pyrethroid. These trials establish parity dissections and relative age gradation as a means of measuring treatment success against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Joint modelling of landslide counts and sizes using spatial marked point processes with sub-asymptotic mark distributions
Authors: Yadav Rishikesh , Huser Raphaël , Opitz Thomas , Lombardo Luigi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo accurately quantify landslide hazard in a region of Turkey, we develop new marked point-process models within a Bayesian hierarchical framework for the joint prediction of landslide counts and sizes. We leverage mark distributions justified by extreme-value theory, and specifically propose ‘sub-asymptotic’ distributions to flexibly model landslide sizes from low to high quantiles. The use of intrinsic conditional autoregressive priors, and a customised adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, allow for fast fully Bayesian inference. We show that sub-asymptotic mark distributions provide improved predictions of large landslide sizes, and use our model for risk assessment and hazard mapping.
Multivariate longitudinal analysis for the association between brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in prodromal Huntington’s disease subjects
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Tong Lili , Zhang Ying 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been widely accepted as a disease progression measure prior to the onset of Huntington’s disease. We propose a sophisticated measurement error correction method that can handle potentially correlated measurement errors in longitudinally collected exposures and multiple outcomes. The asymptotic theory for the proposed method is developed. A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed two-stage fitting method and shows that the independent working correlation structure outperforms other alternatives. We conduct a comprehensive longitudinal analysis to assess how brain striatal atrophy affects impairment in various cognitive domains for Huntington’s disease.
The link between hydrotropism and phototropism in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Yadav Arpita 
Published: September 2023

This article comments on:Pang L, Kobayashi A, Atsumi Y, Miyazawa Y, Fujii N, Dietrich D, Bennett MJ, Takahashi H. 2023. MIZU-KUSSEI1 (MIZ1) and GNOM/MIZ2 control not only positive hydrotropism but also phototropism in Arabidopsis roots. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 5026–5038.
Little Dorrit and the Structure of Belief
Authors: Werner Winter Jade 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article probes the famous metaphor from Little Dorrit when Amy Dorrit is called the ‘vanishing point’ in Arthur’s ‘poor story’. Considering in conjunction with theories of perspectival drawing, belief, and ‘representative thinking’, it suggests the metaphor of the vanishing point for Charles Dickens yields a broader ethical argument regarding how one might engage with the beliefs of others. Rather than simply endorsing or rejecting others’ beliefs based on their grounding in empirical reality, Dickens suggests there is distinct moral value in maintaining and cultivating other’s beliefs—even the most ungrounded beliefs—rather than reflexively exploding them.
Choosing the Best Camera System for Your Biological Light Microscopy Needs: Part II
Authors: Jerome W Gray (Jay) 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Digital imaging has made scientific microscopy much faster and facilitated a range of imaging techniques not previously available. Advances in microscope digital image detection systems over the last decade have played an integral part in establishing digital imaging as the method of choice for most types of microscopy. Current systems represent advancements in hardware and software components adapted for both established techniques and for a variety of novel methods using light to extract microscopic detail from biological samples. These advanced systems provide an unprecedented ability to capture the most detail possible from a variety of sample types and image applications. With this complexity, however, comes the need to have a basic understanding of how individual camera systems operate so the best solution for an imaging need can be adopted. In this article, I will describe some key differences between camera options and how to evaluate whether a particular type of system is best suited to a specific research requirement. Although I have focused on the key attributes of systems for biological microscopy, the information is broadly applicable to other types of microscopic samples.
Incidence of Postpartum Depression Decreases After Initial Expansion of Military Maternity Leave
Authors: Herrick Minette S R , Chai Weiwen 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Postpartum depression impacts 1 in 8 women in the United States. Research has indicated maternity leave duration, and compensation can have an impact on postpartum depression symptoms. The U.S. military increased their maternity leave provision from 6  to 12 weeks in 2016. The aim of this study was to expand upon current literature on the role of maternity leave on postpartum depression by analyzing objective data from 2011 to 2019 utilizing military health records.

Methods
All deliveries to active duty women in the Military Health System from 2011 to 2019 were considered for analysis. A total of 60,746 women met inclusion criteria. Active duty women were stratified by year of delivery to identify if they had 6 weeks (2011–2015) or 12 weeks (2016–2019) of maternity leave. International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes were used for the identification of postpartum depression diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between maternity leave provision and postpartum depression diagnosis adjusting for covariates.

Results
Overall, 4.8% of the women were diagnosed with postpartum depression. Active duty women who were allotted 12 weeks (2016–2019) of maternity leave had higher odds of postpartum depression diagnosis than those allotted 6 weeks (2011–2015) (12 weeks vs. 6 weeks of leave: odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–1.39, P &lt; 0.0001). However, there was a 50% reduction in odds of postpartum depression during 2016–2017 (the 2 years following the 12-week leave implementation) in comparison to 2011–2015 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.43–0.57, P &lt; 0.0001). The trends were similar across military branches. Additionally, between 2011 and 2019, the lowest rates of postpartum depression were observed during 2016–2017, but the rates significantly increased starting 2018. Overall, women with lower military ranks had higher postpartum depression rates than those with higher ranks.

Conclusions
Our results indicate increasing paid maternity leave in the military from 6  to 12 weeks did initially lower the odds of postpartum depression diagnosis among active duty women from immediately after policy implementation (2016) and prior to the release of the Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines on Pregnancy Management (2018). Later, increased odds of depression (2018–2019) are likely due to increased depression screening protocols at the Military Treatment Facilities in the perinatal period.
Telemedicine-Guided Two-Incision Lower Leg Fasciotomy Performed by Combat Medics During Tactical Combat Casualty Care: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Stark P W , Borger van der Burg B L S , van Waes O J F , van Dongen T T C F , Wouter 1 , Casper Marnalg , Hoencamp R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
During tactical combat casualty care, life- and limb-saving procedures might also be performed by combat medics. This study assesses whether it is feasible to use a head-mounted display (HMD) to provide telemedicine (TM) support from a consulted senior surgeon for combat medics when performing a two-incision lower leg fasciotomy.

Materials and Methods
Nine combat medics were randomized into groups to perform a two-incision lower leg fasciotomy. One group used the Vuzix M400 and the second group used the RealWear HMT-1Z1. A third, control, group received no guidance. In the Vuzix M400 group and RealWear HMT-1Z1 group, a senior surgeon examined the results after the two-incision lower leg fasciotomy was finished to assess the release of compartments, possible collateral damage, and performance of the combat medics. In the control group, these results were examined by a surgical resident with expertise in two-incision lower leg fasciotomies. The resident’s operative performance questionnaire was used to score the performance of the combat medics. The telehealth usability questionnaire was used to evaluate the usability of the HMDs as perceived by the combat medics.

Results
Combat medics using an HMD were considered competent in performing a two-incision lower leg fasciotomy (Vuzix: median 3 [range 0], RealWear: median 3 [range 1]). These combat medics had a significantly better score in their ability to adapt to anatomical variances compared to the control group (Vuzix: median 3 [range 0], RealWear: median 3 [range 0], control: median 1 [range 0]; P = .018). Combat medics using an HMD were faster than combat medics in the control group (Vuzix: mean 14:14 [SD 3:41], RealWear: mean 15:42 [SD 1:58], control: mean 17:45 [SD 2:02]; P = .340). The overall satisfaction with both HMDs was 5 out of 7 (Vuzix: median 5 [range 0], RealWear: median 5 [range 1]; P = .317).

Conclusions
This study shows that it is feasible to use an HMD to provide TM support performance from a consulted senior surgeon for combat medics when performing a two-incision lower leg fasciotomy. The results of this study suggest that TM support might be useful for combat medics during tactical combat casualty care when performing life- and limb-saving procedures.
The information on halo properties contained in spectroscopic observations of late-type galaxies
Authors: Yasin Tariq , Desmond Harry , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Rotation curves are the key observational manifestation of the dark matter distribution around late-type galaxies. In a halo model context, the precision of constraints on halo parameters is a complex function of properties of the measurements as well as properties of the galaxy itself. Forthcoming surveys will resolve rotation curves to varying degrees of precision, or measure their integrated effect in the $\mathrm{H}\, \small {\rm I}$ linewidth. To ascertain the relative significance of the relevant quantities for constraining halo properties, we study the information on halo mass and concentration as quantified by the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the kinematics-informed posterior from the uninformative prior. We calculate this divergence as a function of the different types of spectroscopic observation, properties of the measurement, galaxy properties, and auxiliary observational data on the baryonic components. Using the SPARC (Spitzer Photometry & Accurate Rotation Curves) sample, we find that fits to the full rotation curve exhibit a large variation in information gain between galaxies, ranging from ~1 to ~11 bits. The variation is predominantly caused by the vast differences in the number of data points and the size of velocity uncertainties between the SPARC galaxies. We also study the relative importance of the minimum $\mathrm{H}\, \small {\rm I}$ surface density probed and the size of velocity uncertainties on the constraining power on the inner halo density slope, finding the latter to be significantly more important. We spell out the implications of these results for the optimization of galaxy surveys aiming to constrain galaxies’ dark matter distributions, highlighting the need for precise velocity measurements.
Aspherical ULDM collapse: variation in the core–halo mass relation
Authors: Kendall Emily , Gosenca Mateja , Easther Richard 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) is an interesting alternative to the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. Due to the extremely low mass of the constituent particle (∼10−22 eV), ULDM can exhibit quantum effects up to kiloparsec scales. In particular, runaway collapse in the centres of ULDM haloes is prevented by quantum pressure, providing a possible resolution to the ‘core-cusp problem’ of CDM. However, the the detailed relationship between the ULDM core mass and that of the overall halo is poorly understood. We simulate the collapse of both spherical and aspherical isolated ULDM overdensities using AxioNyx, finding that the central cores of collapsed haloes undergo sustained oscillatory behaviour, which affects both their peak density and overall morphology. The asphericity of the post-collapse core fluctuates both quantitatively and qualitatively, with oblate initial overdensities generating cores, which fluctuate between prolate and oblate configurations, and more complicated dynamics arising in triaxial scenarios. Furthermore, the peak central densities are higher in spherical configurations. Consequently, astrophysically realistic haloes may exhibit substantial departures from theoretical core–halo profiles and we would expect a significant variance of the properties of haloes with the same mass.
Dynamical formation of Gaia BH1 in a young star cluster
Authors: Rastello Sara , Iorio Giuliano , Mapelli Michela , Arca-Sedda Manuel , Di Carlo Ugo N , Escobar Gastón J , Shenar Tomer , Torniamenti Stefano 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Gaia BH1, the first quiescent black hole (BH) detected from Gaia data, poses a challenge to most binary evolution models: its current mass ratio is ≈0.1, and its orbital period seems to be too long for a post-common envelope system and too short for a non-interacting binary system. Here, we explore the hypothesis that Gaia BH1 formed through dynamical interactions in a young star cluster (YSC). We study the properties of BH-main sequence (MS) binaries formed in YSCs with initial mass 3 × 102–3 × 104 M⊙ at solar metallicity, by means of 3.5 × 104 direct N-body simulations coupled with binary population synthesis. For comparison, we also run a sample of isolated binary stars with the same binary population synthesis code and initial conditions used in the dynamical models. We find that BH-MS systems that form via dynamical exchanges populate the region corresponding to the main orbital properties of Gaia BH1 (period, eccentricity, and masses). In contrast, none of our isolated binary systems match the orbital period and MS mass of Gaia BH1. Our best-matching Gaia BH1-like system forms via repeated dynamical exchanges and collisions involving the BH progenitor star, before it undergoes core collapse. YSCs are at least two orders of magnitude more efficient in forming Gaia BH1-like systems than isolated binary evolution.
The impact of baryonic potentials on the gravothermal evolution of self-interacting dark matter haloes
Authors: Zhong Yi-Ming , Yang Daneng , Yu Hai-Bo 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The presence of a central baryonic potential can have a significant impact on the gravothermal evolution of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) haloes. We extend a semi-analytical fluid model to incorporate the influence of a static baryonic potential and calibrate it using controlled N-body simulations. We construct benchmark scenarios with varying baryon concentrations and different SIDM models, including constant and velocity-dependent self-interacting cross-sections. The presence of the baryonic potential induces changes in SIDM halo properties, including central density, core size, and velocity dispersion, and it accelerates the halo’s evolution in both expansion and collapse phases. Furthermore, we observe a quasi-universality in the gravothermal evolution of SIDM haloes with the baryonic potential, resembling a previously known feature in the absence of the baryons. By appropriately rescaling the physical quantities that characterize the SIDM haloes, the evolution of all our benchmark cases exhibits remarkable similarity. Our findings offer a framework for testing SIDM predictions using observations of galactic systems where baryons play a significant dynamical role.
Tracing the energetic outflows from galactic nuclei: observational evidence for a large-scale bipolar radio and X-ray-emitting bubble-like structure in M106
Authors: Zeng Yuxuan , Wang Q Daniel , Fraternali Filippo 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The role of energetic outflows from galactic nuclei in shaping galaxy formation and evolution is still shrouded in uncertainty. In this study, we shed light on this complex phenomenon by presenting evidence for a large-scale bipolar radio/X-ray-emitting bubble-like structure emanating from the central region of the nearby disc galaxy M106 (NGC 4258). Our findings, based on Low-Frequency Array survey data and Chandra observations, provide a glimpse into the underlying physical processes driving this enigmatic structure. Similar to the eROSITA/Fermi bubbles in our own Galaxy, the M106 bubbles enclose diffuse hot plasma and are partially bounded by prominent radio/X-ray-emitting edges. We constrain the magnetic field and cosmic-ray properties of the structure. The analysis of the X-ray data gives an estimate of the thermal energy of the bubbles as ∼8 × 1056 erg. This energy can be supplied by the jets and perhaps by the wind from the accretion flow of the galaxy’s low-luminosity AGN, which most likely has been much more powerful in the recent past, with an average mechanical energy release rate of ∼4 × 1042 erg s−1 over the last ∼8 × 106 yr – the estimated age of the structure. We also show evidence for diffuse X-ray emission on larger scales, indicating the presence of a hot galactic corona. Our results provide a clear manifestation of galactic nuclear feedback regulating the gas content and energetics of the circumgalactic medium of disc galaxies similar to our own.
An in-depth view of the metallicity distribution of the small magellanic cloud
Authors: Piatti Andrés E 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The spatial metallicity distribution of star clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) has recently been found to correlate as a V-shaped function with the semimajor axis of an elliptical framework proposed to assume a projected galaxy flattening. We report results on the impact that the use of such a framework can produce on our understanding of the SMC formation and its chemical enrichment. We show that clusters with similar semimajor axes are placed at very different distances from the SMC centre. The recently claimed bimodal metallicity distribution of clusters projected on the innermost SMC regions and the V-shaped metallicity gradient fade away when actual distances are used. Although a large dispersion prevails, clusters older than ∼1 Gyr exhibit a shallow metallicity gradient, caused by slightly different spatial distributions of clusters younger and older than ∼4 Gyr; the former being more centrally concentrated and having a mean metallicity ([Fe/H]) ∼ 0.15 dex more metal rich than that of older clusters. This metallicity gradient does not show any dependence with the position angle, except for clusters placed beyond 11 kpc, which are located in the eastern side of the galaxy.