bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do they really care? Specificity of social support issues in hoarding disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Edwards Victoria , Salkovskis Paul M. , Bream Victoria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesUnmet interpersonal needs may play a role in excessive emotional attachments to objects for people with hoarding disorder (HD). Previous research indicates that social support (but not attachment difficulties) may be specific to HD. The study aimed to evaluate social networks and support in HD relative to clinical controls with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls (HC). The secondary aim was to explore the extent of loneliness and thwarted belongingness. Potential mechanisms for deficits in social support were also considered.DesignA cross‐sectional between‐groups design was used to compare scores on measures in those with HD (n = 37); OCD (n = 31); and HCs (n = 45).MethodsParticipants completed a structured clinical interview by telephone (to assign diagnostic categories) followed by online questionnaires.ResultsWhilst individuals with HD and OCD both report smaller social networks than HC, lower levels of perceived social support appear to be specific to HD. The HD group also showed higher levels of loneliness and thwarted belonging compared to OCD and HC. No differences were found between groups for perceived criticism or trauma.ConclusionsThe results support previous findings of lower levels of self‐reported social support within HD. Loneliness and thwarted belongingness also appear significantly elevated within HD compared with OCD and HC. Further research is required to explore the nature of felt support and belonging, direction of effect and to identify potential mechanisms. Clinical implications include advocating and promoting support systems (both personal supporters and professionals) for individuals with HD.
BQ788 reveals glial ETB receptor modulation of neuronal cholinergic and nitrergic pathways to inhibit intestinal motility: Linked to postoperative ileus
Authors: Mazzotta Elvio , Grants Iveta , Villalobos‐Hernandez Egina , Chaudhuri Samhita , McClain Jonathon L. , Seguella Luisa , Kendig Derek M. , Blakeney Bryan A. , Murthy Srinivasa K. , Schneider Reiner , Leven Patrick , Wehner Sven , Harzman Alan , Grider John R. , Gulbransen Brian D. , Christofi Fedias L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeET‐1 signalling modulates intestinal motility and inflammation, but the role of ET‐1/ETB receptor signalling is poorly understood. Enteric glia modulate normal motility and inflammation. We investigated whether glial ETB signalling regulates neural‐motor pathways of intestinal motility and inflammation.Experimental ApproachWe studied ETB signalling using: ETB drugs (ET‐1, SaTX, BQ788), activity‐dependent stimulation of neurons (high K+‐depolarization, EFS), gliotoxins, Tg (Ednrb‐EGFP)EP59Gsat/Mmucd mice, cell‐specific mRNA in Sox10CreERT2;Rpl22‐HAflx or ChATCre;Rpl22‐HAflx mice, Sox10CreERT2::GCaMP5g‐tdT, Wnt1Cre2::GCaMP5g‐tdT mice, muscle tension recordings, fluid‐induced peristalsis, ET‐1 expression, qPCR, western blots, 3‐D LSM‐immunofluorescence co‐labelling studies in LMMP‐CM and a postoperative ileus (POI) model of intestinal inflammation.Key ResultsIn the muscularis externa ETB receptor is expressed exclusively in glia. ET‐1 is expressed in RiboTag (ChAT)‐neurons, isolated ganglia and intra‐ganglionic varicose‐nerve fibres co‐labelled with peripherin or SP. ET‐1 release provides activity‐dependent glial ETB receptor modulation of Ca2+ waves in neural evoked glial responses. BQ788 reveals amplification of glial and neuronal Ca2+ responses and excitatory cholinergic contractions, sensitive to L‐NAME. Gliotoxins disrupt SaTX‐induced glial‐Ca2+ waves and prevent BQ788 amplification of contractions. The ETB receptor is linked to inhibition of contractions and peristalsis. Inflammation causes glial ETB up‐regulation, SaTX‐hypersensitivity and glial amplification of ETB signalling. In vivo BQ788 (i.p., 1 mg·kg−1) attenuates intestinal inflammation in POI.Conclusion and ImplicationsEnteric glial ET‐1/ETB signalling provides dual modulation of neural‐motor circuits to inhibit motility. It inhibits excitatory cholinergic and stimulates inhibitory nitrergic motor pathways. Amplification of glial ETB receptors is linked to muscularis externa inflammation and possibly pathogenic mechanisms of POI.
3D genome perspective on cell fate determination, organ regeneration, and diseases
Authors: Zhong Hongxin , Zhang Jie , Lu Yuli , Hu Gongcheng , Pan Guangjin , Yao Hongjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe nucleosome is the fundamental subunit of chromatin. Nucleosome structures are formed by the combination of histone octamers and genomic DNA. Through a systematic and precise process of folding and compression, these structures form a 30‐nm chromatin fibre that is further organized within the nucleus in a hierarchical manner, known as the 3D genome. Understanding the intricacies of chromatin structure and the regulatory mode governing chromatin interactions is essential for unravelling the complexities of cellular architecture and function, particularly in relation to cell fate determination, regeneration, and the development of diseases. Here, we provide a general overview of the hierarchical structure of chromatin as well as of the evolution of chromatin conformation capture techniques. We also discuss the dynamic regulatory changes in higher‐order chromatin structure that occur during stem cell lineage differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming, potential regulatory insights at the chromatin level in organ regeneration, and aberrant chromatin regulation in diseases.
Wild About Wolves: Using collaboration and innovation to bridge parks, people, and predators
Authors: Doney Ethan D. , Frank Beatrice , Khan Zoheb , Windle Todd , Ford Adam T. , Olive Caron , Scherger Jenna K. , Williams Barney , Hetu Dennis , Peters Derek , Wišqii  , Zharikov Yuri , Hansen Bob , Forbes Sarah , Coulson Stephanie , Clark Douglas A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman‐carnivore conflicts present an array of conservation challenges, especially in complex and cross‐cultural settings. Described here is a facilitated, multi‐method, collaborative process in the Nuu‐chah‐nulth First Nations' Traditional Territory, British Columbia, Canada, aimed at building a project to address human‐wolf conflicts following the species' natural re‐colonization of a national park reserve. Participants reported that this project prompted dialogue and engagement that will help bridge the gap between First Nations and non‐Indigenous people in the Territory. Although the project remains ongoing, pragmatic lessons about its process can already be identified: (1) an early, and ongoing collaboration was crucial in setting the project's priorities; (2) adopting a co‐learning approach set a respectful tone for the project; and (3) reframing human‐wolf conflicts using a tolerance‐oriented lens bridged diverse perspectives and worldviews. The preliminary outcomes of these efforts to date are constitutively different from conventional collaborative efforts because the process has already changed relationships in ways that many such previous efforts have not.
Whose autonomy, whose interests? A donor‐focused analysis of surrogacy and egg donation from the global South
Authors: Andal Aireen Grace 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article provides a donor‐focused analysis of how transnational reproductive donation intersects with issues central to bodily autonomy of surrogates and egg donors from the global South. Little is known about the autonomy of surrogates and egg donors, especially among those from the global South. This article addresses this gap by examining two key issues on surrogacy and egg donation—conflict of interest and recruitment market. With these issues, this paper presents contexts of the reproductive body as a space of contestation for autonomy. Analysis reveals that bodily autonomy is not an absolute entitlement available for surrogates and egg donors from the global South. Having bodily autonomy is a privileged disposition rather than a universal liberty for reproductive donors. The discussions in this work encourage further examination to understand the multi‐layered experiences of reproductive donors from the global South, towards deeper interrogation of the processes of reproductive industry.
Introduction to special section: Workplace sexual harassment
Authors: Oosterom Marjoke , Nazneen Sohela 
Published: May 2023

SummaryMotivationPaid work is key for women's empowerment, but many women work in precarious employment where they experience workplace sexual harassment. Articles in this special section explore how social norms and job informality influence women's perceptions about—and their voice and agency to counter—workplace sexual harassment.PurposeThis introductory article highlights the academic and policy contribution of the special section by establishing how the articles collectively explore the relationship between social norms, job informality, and women's agency with respect to workplace sexual harassment, and the kinds of policies that may strengthen women's agency.Methods and approachResearch in two countries explored how gender norms and informality in work arrangements influence young women's voice and agency in response to sexual harassment at work. This article introduces four articles based on the research findings and presents the themes that are explored in case studies with domestic workers and workers in agro‐processing factories in Bangladesh and Uganda.FindingsThe findings show that gender norms regarding sexuality and notions of family honour and shame constrain young women's ability to voice incidents of sexual harassment and their agency in seeking support from family and other actors; normalize male aggression; and sustain the perpetrators' impunity. These norms, alongside class and power hierarchies, affect the responses of the actors and institutions both within and outside their workplace. Given the precarious nature of their work, most workers avoid lodging formal complaints and rely on informal mechanisms for self‐protection.Policy implicationsThe policy implications of the research include the importance of developing common language that will allow women to speak openly about their experiences; increasing access to and confidence in formal complaints mechanisms; developing young women's political capacities to challenge harassment; and address social and gender norms that constrain women and normalize harassment.
Assessment of left ventricular energy loss in patients with mild coronary artery stenosis by using vector flow mapping combined with exercise stress echocardiography
Authors: Xiao Qiuyu , Zhao Xin , Yang Rui , Li Zizhuo , Li Dongmei , Xie Yuanyuan , Mao Xinyue , Wang Yi , Yin Lixue , Li Chunmei , Zuo Mingliang , Meng Qingguo , Li Wenhua , Liu Xuebing , Li Zhaohuan , Zhang Qingfeng , Deng Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the left ventricular energy loss (EL), energy loss reserve (EL‐r), and energy loss reserve rate in patients with mild coronary artery stenosis by using vector flow mapping (VFM) combined with exercise stress echocardiography.MethodsA total of 34 patients (case group) with mild coronary artery stenosis and 36 sex and age matched patients (control group) without coronary artery stenosis according to coronary angiogram were prospectively enrolled. The total energy loss (ELt), basal segment energy loss (ELb), middle segment energy loss (ELm), apical segment energy loss (ELa), energy loss reserve (EL‐r), and energy loss reserve rate were recorded in the isovolumic systolic period (S1), rapid ejection period (S2), slow ejection period (S3), isovolumic diastolic period (D1), rapid filling period (D2), slow filling period (D3), and atrial contraction period (D4).ResultsCompared with the control group, some of the EL in the resting case group were higher; some of the EL in the case group were lower after exercise, and those during D1 ELb and D3 ELb were higher. Compared with the resting state, the total EL and the EL within the time segment in the control group were higher after exercise, except during D2 ELb. In the case group, except for during D1 ELt, ELb and D2 ELb, the total and segmental EL of each phase was mostly higher after exercise (p < .05). Compared with the control group, most of the EL‐r and EL reserve rates in the case group were lower (p < .05).ConclusionThe EL, EL‐r, and energy loss reserve rate have a certain value in the evaluation of cardiac function in patients with mild coronary artery stenosis.
Social networks and managerial rent‐seeking: Evidence from executive trading profitability
Authors: Fang Xiaohua , Rao Xi , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examines whether board social networks are associated with executive trading profitability. Using a sample of US public firms with a history of executive trading from years 2000 to 2015, we find robust evidence that the profitability of executive trading is significantly lower in firms with higher levels of board social networks. The evidence is consistent with our view that board social networks effectively curb executives' private information advantage over outsiders, thus leading to a lower level of managerial rent‐seeking. Our research has policy implications for regulators concerned about the role of corporate board in capital markets.
A survey on agent‐based modelling assisted by machine learning
Authors: Platas‐López Alejandro , Guerra‐Hernández Alejandro , Quiroz‐Castellanos Marcela , Cruz‐Ramirez Nicandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAgent‐based models have diversified their applications across various domains due to the ease with which different phenomena can be represented and simulated. These models incorporate heterogeneous, autonomous agents, local interactions, bounded rationality, and often feature explicit spatial representations. However, certain challenges have been identified in their application, including the complexity of design, difficulty in calibrating parameters, and interpreting and analysing results. Therefore, incorporating machine learning (ML) tools in the various stages of the agent‐based modelling and simulation process presents a promising approach for current and future research. The main hypothesis of this study is that integrating ML techniques and tools into agent‐based modelling can help address challenges encountered during different stages of implementation, ultimately leading to more accurate and effective simulations. The methodology employed in this study involves a comprehensive search and analysis of relevant literature on the topic. This survey reviews significant developments in the integration of ML into the agent‐based modelling and simulation process in recent years. The results of this study summarize the fundamental concepts of ML and its applications in agent‐based modelling, and provide insights into the prospects and challenges for ML‐assisted agent‐based modelling in the near future.
Faster Region‐based Convolutional Neural Networks with You Only Look Once multi‐stage caries lesion from oral panoramic X‐ray images
Authors: Velusamy Jayaraj , Rajajegan T. , Alex Sini Anna , Ashok M. , Mayuri A. V. R. , Kiran Siripuri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeural networks and artificial intelligence find more applications in dentistry. It treats dental caries, the most prevalent type of dental illness worldwide. Even though dental caries can be prevented and treated, they typically cause dental discomfort and tooth loss. For dental caries to be treated quickly and effectively, comprehensive detection may be needed, a combination of techniques that include eye inspection, probing, using a dental probe, and using a hand‐held mirror, and the individual application of each of these techniques, can quickly identify large caries cavities. Long‐established caries detection techniques help to locate only partially hidden but still accessible holes. Deep learning (DL) techniques have produced remarkable diagnostic results in radiology. This study aimed to classify various radiographic extensions on panoramic films using DL techniques, identify caries lesions using these techniques, and compare the results to those of dentists with extensive training. Faster region‐based convolutional neural networks (R‐CNN) is a newly discovered field of medical research that is rapidly expanding and has produced outstanding results in diagnosing and prognosis of pathology and radiology conditions. In this study, dental cavities were detected and analysed using periapical radiographs to evaluate the accuracy of the Faster R‐CNN algorithm. Because these three caries were derived from the oral panoramic images, we designed You Only Look Once Version 3 (YOLOv3) as a U‐shaped network with a large‐scale axial attention module. We also compare the effectiveness of YOLOv3's segmentation to that of other industrial standards. Experiments show that our proposed method, Fast R‐CNN–YOLOv3, achieves higher accuracy in segmenting the three distinct caries level. The proposed model (R‐CNN–YOLOv3) achieved an effective result with a precision of 97.183%.
Marine radar monitoring IoT system and case study of target detection based on PPI images
Authors: Zhang Qiming , Li Yang , Guo Chenguang , Yin Shibo , Ma Lin , Zhu Yunrong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo ensure the ship navigation safety, it is necessary to detect the targets in the background of sea clutter around the ship. The most commonly used target detection equipments for ship navigation are marine radar and automatic identification system (AIS) device. However, marine radar echoes are often mixed with multiple clutter, and weak targets are not always equipped with AIS device, neither provides AIS information with low accuracy, leading to difficulty with target detection. Moreover, existing marine monitoring systems are accustomed to using the traditional information fusion methods for target detection, and the accuracy of identifying the weak targets is relatively low. To make full use of radar echo and AIS information and improve the accuracy of target detection, a Marine radar monitoring Internet of Things system is proposed, in which marine radars work in both scanning and staring modes. By adopting image segmentation and deep learning methods, the proposed design can enable accurate perception of weak target detection based on plan‐position indicator (PPI) images. A case study based on the selected X‐band radar datasets shows that the proposed design can achieve high target identification accuracy.
Genetic algorithm‐based price and warranty optimization in software systems
Authors: Arora Rajat , Tandon Abhishek , Aggarwal Anu G. , Mittal Rubina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOwing to increasing competition, the marketing of commercial software products is a challenging task. Diverse marketing strategies are adopted to tap the huge market share. Among these, pricing and warranty are the most significant ones. The warranty policies organizations adopt usually have two dimensions: duration and effort spent during the warranty phase. In this paper, two variables are broadly taken: testing, which is an essential phase during software development, and warranty, which is a crucial component of after‐sales service. Here, we will formulate an optimization problem where returns and expenses will be influenced by price, testing resources spent, the duration for which testing is done, warranty duration and effort spent during warranty for the software product. The product sales are assumed to follow a Stochastic Bass model based on Non‐Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP). A free on‐site support warranty with an upper limit on duration and effort covers the 2D failure process. The numerical illustration is presented wherein profit is maximized by conjointly optimizing five variables, that is price, testing duration, testing effort, warranty duration and warranty effort. This study emphasizes on application of a popular soft computing, metaheuristic technique named genetic algorithm (GA) to solve an optimization problem for a software system. The solution to the Optimization problem is obtained using the GA tool in MATLAB. The results obtained have relevance in the industry for finding optimal values of significant variables before the release of newly developed software products to the ultimate client. The concept discussed in this paper has diverse applications in computer engineering, software and hardware industry.
Seasonal patterns in the structure of the fish larvae assemblages in the lower Amazon River
Authors: Cajado Ruineris A. , Zacardi Diego M. , Arantes Caroline C. , Oliveira Lucas S. , Silva Fabíola K. S. , Andrade Marcelo C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study assessed the phenology and functional structure of parental stocks of fish larvae, and evaluated how the species modulate their reproductive activities as a function of natural hydrological regimes in the lower Amazon River, Brazil.

Larvae were collected using conical plankton nets monthly over two hydrological cycles between January and December 2013, and between May 2017 and April 2018. The collections were conducted around an alluvial island located near the municipality of Santarém, Pará, Brazil. After identification, individuals were classified into four functional groups (e.g., life‐history strategy, feeding habits, type of migration, and swimming‐performance/microhabitat‐use in the water column) based on species traits. The relationships between seasonal hydrology, environmental variables and larval assemblage structure were evaluated using multivariate analyses.

A total of 31,347 fish larvae were collected, from nine taxonomic orders, 26 families, 40 genera and 53 species. The larval assemblages showed highly variable taxonomic and functional composition between different phases of the hydrological cycle (rising water, high water, receding water and low water) and were strongly influenced by environmental variables. Fish reproductive phenology in the lower Amazon is complex and distributed among the hydrological phases. The different ecological characteristics allow the species to withstand specific environmental conditions during each phase.

Changes in the structure of larval assemblages indicate that hydrological variability is a key ecological factor influencing the reproductive dynamics of fish and reflects adaptive strategies used to reduce interspecific competition for space and food, maximising recruitment. The variation of fish reproduction across the hydrological cycle that we observed is a result of different ecological characteristics enabling species and functional groups to adapt to environmental conditions of each phase.