bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Coated Ni–Cu Alloys for Durable Degradation Resistance of Bi‐Polar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Remarkable Role of Alloy Composition
Authors: Arya Abhishek Kumar , Singh Raman R.K. , Parmar Rahul , Amati Matteo , Gregoratti Luca , Saxena Sumit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBipolar plates, a critical component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), are constructed out of alloys of Ti, Pt, Cr, or graphitic materials that have limitations. Electrical conductivity, cost, and corrosion resistance are among the critical considerations for bi‐polar plate material. Graphene, which possesses impressive conductivity and toughness, is an attractive option as coating on metallic substrates of PEMFC bipolar plates. This study investigates corrosion resistance and its durability due to graphene developed by chemical vapor deposition on a pure Ni–Cu alloy and a commercial Ni–Cu alloy in 0.5 m H2SO4 environment, with a view to exploring use of graphene coated Ni–Cu alloys for the construction of PEMFC bipolar plates. The graphene coating on the pure alloy shows remarkably superior corrosion resistance than the commercial alloy that is attributed to the former's ability to develop considerably defect‐free graphene.
Nanowires Framework Supported Porous Lotus‐Carbon Anode Boosts Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Xiaochen , Gao Xuan , Li Zhuo , Zhang Xin , Zhai Xiaoli , Zhang Qiuxia , Li Liuan , Gao Nan , He Guanjie , Li Hongdong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe novel design of carbon materials with stable nanoarchitecture and optimized electrical properties featuring simultaneous intercalation of lithium ions (Li+) and sodium ions (Na+) is of great significance for the superb lithium–sodium storage capacities. Biomass‐derived carbon materials with affluent porosity have been widely studied as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, it remains unexplored to further enhance the stability and utilization of the porous carbon skeleton during cycles. Here, a lotus stems derived porous carbon (LPC) with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and intrinsic carbon nanowires framework (CNF) is successfully fabricated by a self‐template method. The LPC anodes show remarkable Li+ and Na+ storage performance with ultrahigh capacity (738 mA h g−1 for LIBs and 460 mA h g−1 for SIBs at 0.2 C after 300 cycles, 1C≈372 mA h g−1) and excellent long‐term stability. Structural analysis indicates that the CNFs‐supported porous structure and internal GQDs with excellent electrical conductivity contribute significantly to the dominant capacitive storage mechanism in LPC. This work provides new perspectives for developing advanced carbon‐based materials for multifunctional batteries with improved stability and utilization of porous carbon frameworks during cycles.
Carbon removal demonstrations and problems of public perception
Authors: Waller Laurie , Cox Emily , Bellamy Rob 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExpectations about the future removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere have mobilized projects which seek to demonstrate carbon removal methods, at various stages of development. Public perceptions play a critical role in demonstrations and funders widely require demonstration projects to identify and consult affected groups and communities. This review examines the extant research on perceptions of carbon removal, analyzing how studies have conceptualized the public and the role perceptions play in field trials and experiments of carbon removal methods. The paper develops a novel analytical framework distinguishing between “procedural” and “performative” approaches to demonstrations. Attending to performativity, we suggest, makes clear why demonstration projects often surface conflicting expectations about future technology development. We apply the analytical framework to the academic literature on perceptions of carbon removal using a systematic search and interpretive review. We find that much perceptions research on carbon removal adopts elements from linear models of innovation, foregrounding the problem of social acceptance and distancing the public from experimental presentations and displays. We situate these findings in a discussion of the roles that expectations about carbon removal play in demonstrations and the positioning of perceptions research as a tool for managing “opposition” from external audiences. Moving beyond instrumental approaches to public perception, the review makes the case for closer engagement in perceptions research with conflicting expectations that emerge around projects demonstrating the “promise” of carbon removal.This article is categorized under:The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and PracticePerceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate ChangeClimate, History, Society, Culture > Technological Aspects and Ideas
Super‐hard hybrid ene‐C5, yne‐C6, and ene‐yne‐C7 allotropes from crystal engineering and first principles
Authors: Matar Samir F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBased on tetrahedral lonsdaleite‐like C4 inserted with C(sp2), C(sp1) and both C(sp2)−C(sp1) ultrahard hybrid allotropes ene‐C5, yne‐C6, and ene‐yne‐C7 were generated and identified from quantum density functional theory DFT calculations of ground states. The crystal density and the cohesive energy were found to decrease along the series C4−C5−C6−C7 from the larger openness of the structures due to C insertions; such feature led to decrease the hardness throughout the series. The novel hybrid allotropes were found stable mechanically (elastic constants and their combinations) and dynamically (phonons band structures). From the electronic band structures, the inserted carbons were found to add up rigidly to the diamond‐like bands of C4 while being characterized by small band gap semi‐conductor to metallic‐like behavior. Modified diamonds such as the simple models herein considered exist (ex. nano‐diamond) and their investigations are of growing interest in materials sciences communities with applications as in electrochemistry.
Thermal characteristics for the flow of Williamson hybrid nanofluid with distinct shape factors
Authors: Kavya S. , Nagendramma V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe main purpose of the present article is to investigate the flow of 2‐D, incompressible, steady, hydro magnetic Williamson hybrid nanofluid with three distinct shape factors namely spherical, cylindrical, and platelet shapes under the influence of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects on the flow. The aim of the current work is to investigate the thermal conduction capacity of three different shaped nanoparticles by comparison. We have modelled copper and molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles suspension in Williamson fluid blood as a conventional real fluid passing through a horizontal stretching cylinder in this case. A set of non‐linear PDEs are used to conceivably formulate the problem's physical model. The transformation from these modelled PDEs to ODEs is accomplished through the use of appropriate similarity variables. To address the problem, the RK method of order four is used in conjunction with shooting system in order to get first order ordinary equations from non‐linear higher order ordinary differential equations. To run the code for numerical results, computational Matlab bvp4c solver is used and graphs are depicted to explain the impact of various embedded physical quantities on the momentum and energy profiles accompanying the rates of shear stress and heat transfer for the considered Williamson hybrid nanofluid. The use of spherical shaped nanoparticles is thought to improve the thermal conductivity rate of the flowing fluid more than cylinder and platelet shaped nanoparticles. The skin friction coefficient is enhancing for larger values of magnetic parameter and curvature parameter but Weissenberg number has a negative trend. The rate of cooling is high for greater values of magnetic parameter, Williamson fluid parameter, heat generation parameter, thermal conduction parameter, viscous dissipation parameter and thermal radiation parameter.
OpenVoting: Recoverability from Failures in Dual Voting
Authors: Agrawal Prashant , Tomer Kabir , Nakarmi Abhinav , Jhanwar Mahabir Prasad , Sharma Subodh Vishnu , Banerjee Subhashis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper we address the problem of recovery from failures without re-running entire elections when elections fail to verify. We consider the setting of dual voting protocols, where the cryptographic guarantees of end-to-end verifiable voting (E2E-V) are combined with the simplicity of audit using voter-verified paper records (VVPR). We first consider the design requirements of such a system and then suggest a protocol called OpenVoting, which identifies a verifiable subset of error-free votes consistent with the VVPRs, and the polling booths corresponding to the votes that fail to verify with possible reasons for the failures.
Real-time Pilates Posture Recognition System Using Deep Learning Model
Authors: Kim Hayoung , Oh Kyeong Teak , Kim Jaesuk , Kwon Oyun , Kwon Junhwan , Choi Jiwon , Yoo Sun K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs the pandemic situation continues, many people exercise at home. Mat Pilates is a popular workout and effective core strengthening. Although many researchers have conducted pose recognition studies for exercise posture correction, the study on Pilates exercise is only one case on static images. Therefore, for the purpose of exercise monitoring, we propose a real-time Pilates posture recognition system on a smartphone for exercise monitoring. We aimed to recognize 8 Pilates exercises—Bridge, Head roll-up, Hundred, Roll-up, Teaser, Plank, Thigh stretch, and Swan. First, the Blazepose model is used to extract body joint features. Then, we designed a deep neural network model that recognizes Pilates based on the extracted body features. It also measures the number of workouts, duration, and similarity to experts in video sequences. The precision, recall, and f1-score of the posture recognition model are 0.90, 0.87, and 0.88, respectively. The introduced application is expected to be used for exercise management at home.
A Study on Standard for Safety and Performance Requirements for Care Robots
Authors: Ahn Soonjae , Yuk Sunwoo , Yu Woojin , Moon Inhyuk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, care robots are being developed that incorporate robotics into assistive products that focus on daily care for the physically disabled or elderly with reduced physical function. However, although care robots can reduce the physical burden of human intervention, they can also be dangerous depending on their situational awareness. This study describes a standardization that defines safety requirements for care robots and includes an evaluation method to test their safety based on these requirements. As an example of the application of this standard, a standard for the safety and performance method of a meal assistant robot is shown. This standardization study is expected to contribute to the spread of care robots in the future.
Adaptive Dashboard for IoT Environments: Application for Senior Residences
Authors: Abdulrazak Bessam , Rezaei Amin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDashboards are powerful electronic tools that can provide actionable insights for healthcare professionals, especially in support of the increasing senior population. With advancements in technology and IoT infrastructure, remote patient monitoring has become a feasible option for healthcare professionals through dashboards. To best serve the diverse needs of healthcare professionals, dashboards should be tailored for each user, considering their roles, interests, and priorities. In this study we proposed AMI-Dash, a solution allows for dynamic design and information visualization to address the diversity in needs and priorities among different dashboard users while maintaining a high-level of performance, as evaluated through several technical aspects.
Agitated Behaviors Detection in Children with ASD Using Wearable Data
Authors: Montassar Imen , Chikhaoui Belkacem , Wang Shengrui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildren diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often exhibit agitated behaviors that can isolate them from their peers. This study aims to examine if wearable data, collected during everyday activities, could effectively detect such behaviors. First, we used the Empatica E4 device to collect real data including Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), Electrodermal Activity (EDA), and Acceleration (ACC), from a 9-years-old male child with autism over 6 months. Second, we analyzed and extracted numerous features from each signal, and employed different classifiers including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (FR), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and TabNet. Our preliminary findings showed good performance in comparison with the state of the art. Notably, XGBoost demonstrated the highest performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The accuracy achieved in this paper using XGBoost is equal to$$80\%$$80%which exceeds previous research.
Application of Performance Test Method in Korea for LED Optical Medical Device Samples
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Hwang In-ho , Park Sang Geon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of light-based technologies has facilitated the use of phototherapy devices in the medical field. Representative phototherapy devices are laser surgical instruments and medical laser irradiators. While the former are used for the removal, ablation, and destruction of areas in need of treatment using the light of a strong laser; the latter irradiate the skin, induce skin regeneration, and relieve pain [1]. These medical devices are used under the guidance of healthcare providers in medical institutions and can be hazardous because they use strong light. According to the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, medical devices are divided into four classes according to the hazard level [2]. Devices such as lasers are currently represented by Class 3, which represents a high risk. However, various personal phototherapy devices have recently emerged and are used without any instructions from healthcare providers. Among them, representative personal phototherapy devices include those that use LED. Such devices are known to have effects such as pain and inflammation relief, scar healing, and skin regeneration according to previous studies [3]. With the progress of research, LED medical devices for skin improvement and beauty treatment are emerging in Korea. Thus, LED medical devices are used for various purposes. Certain devices only use LEDs, while others are used in com-bination with lasers their boundary with medical laser irradiators is vague. Based on the report on personal phototherapy devices by the Korea Consumer Agency, there were 172 adverse events of LED masks, which were home phototherapy devices, from 2018 to Au-gust 2020; they comprise 134 cases of skin and subcutaneous tissue injuries, six of burns, one of heat sensation and dyspnoea, and one of bruising [4]. As various phototherapy de-vices continue to be developed, assuring adequate safety is paramount. This study con-tributes to the industrial development of LED phototherapy devices and new phototherapy devices. We derived a performance test method to ensure safety related to the performance of LED phototherapy devices in the Korean context.
Bring the Noise: Introducing Noise Robustness to Pretrained Automatic Speech Recognition
Authors: Eickhoff Patrick , Möller Matthias , Rosin Theresa Pekarek , Twiefel Johannes , Wermter Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent research, in the domain of speech processing, large End-to-End (E2E) systems for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) have reported state-of-the-art performance on various benchmarks. These systems intrinsically learn how to handle and remove noise conditions from speech. Previous research has shown, that it is possible to extract the denoising capabilities of these models into a preprocessor network, which can be used as a frontend for downstream ASR models. However, the proposed methods were limited to specific fully convolutional architectures. In this work, we propose a novel method to extract the denoising capabilities, that can be applied to any encoder-decoder architecture. We propose the Cleancoder preprocessor architecture that extracts hidden activations from the Conformer ASR model and feeds them to a decoder to predict denoised spectrograms. We train our preprocessor on the Noisy Speech Database (NSD) to reconstruct denoised spectrograms from noisy inputs. Then, we evaluate our model as a frontend to a pretrained Conformer ASR model as well as a frontend to train smaller Conformer ASR models from scratch. We show that the Cleancoder is able to filter noise from speech and that it improves the total Word Error Rate (WER) of the downstream model in noisy conditions for both applications.
Clarifying the Half Full or Half Empty Question: Multimodal Container Classification
Authors: Spisak Josua , Kerzel Matthias , Wermter Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMultimodal integration is a key component of allowing robots to perceive the world. Multimodality comes with multiple challenges that have to be considered, such as how to integrate and fuse the data. In this paper, we compare different possibilities of fusing visual, tactile and proprioceptive data. The data is directly recorded on the NICOL robot in an experimental setup in which the robot has to classify containers and their content. Due to the different nature of the containers, the use of the modalities can wildly differ between the classes. We demonstrate the superiority of multimodal solutions in this use case and evaluate three fusion strategies that integrate the data at different time steps. We find that the accuracy of the best fusion strategy is 15% higher than the best strategy using only one singular sense.
General Principles in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Nadel Helen , Paez Diana , Bar-Sever Zvi , Israel Ora , Giammarile Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTypically, pediatric age range is defined as 0–18 years. Pediatric nuclear medicine plays an important role in diagnosis, management, and follow-up of many diseases in children. Average nuclear medicine departments only perform a few studies in patients up to the age of 18 years. Pediatric scintigraphy uses the same imaging devices as in adults but obtaining high-quality diagnostic images in a child is more challenging than in adults. The structures are smaller, the administered activities and count rates are much lower and motion artifacts are more abundant. Pediatric nuclear medicine technologists are expected to handle children and their caregivers with patience and empathy, so they can gain their trust and improve cooperation. They should be familiar with pediatric imaging protocols that can differ from adult protocols in study technique and administered activities. Correct interpretation of a pediatric nuclear scan relies on this meticulous technique and on the readers’ expertise. Readers should be familiar with the effects of normal growth and developmental changes on image findings and should be familiar with pediatric diseases. This chapter will give helpful tips on how to manage pediatric patients, optimize the workflow, and optimize the quality of diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures in children.
Digestive Tract
Authors: Brink Anita , Biassoni Lorenzo , Bar-Sever Zvi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNuclear medicine studies can evaluate functional abnormalities of the digestive tract in children. Repeat episodes of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) are associated with clinical gastrointestinal and/or respiratory manifestations of variable severity. GER scintigraphy, the “milk scan,” can detect GER and aspiration. Clinical signs and symptoms of gastric dysmotility are non-specific and can be related to delayed or, less frequent, rapid gastric emptying (GE). Measurements of GE can be performed with solid and liquid radiolabelled meals and represent the gold standard in gastric dysmotility evaluation. Esophageal transit studies provide information on possible esophageal dysmotility. Failure to identify children with esophageal transit abnormalities may be harmful. For example, if fundoplication is performed on a child with a predominant transit abnormality his symptoms will probably worsen after the surgical procedure. Esophageal transit can be assessed in conjunction with, but preceding, a GER study. Radionuclide salivagram is used for the detection of salivary aspiration. Scanning for detection of a Meckel’s diverticulum can detect ectopic gastric mucosa as the cause and source of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and/or of repeat episodes of abdominal pain in children. Blood pool scintigraphy is also a noninvasive method to determine the presence and gross location of GIB.
Liver and Spleen
Authors: Brink Anita , Bar-Sever Zvi , Biassoni Lorenzo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNuclear medicine studies for the evaluation of liver, spleen, and biliary tract pathologies include a number of tests performed with various radiotracers. These imaging modalities are based on an assessment of the various histological components of the liver and spleen and their functional characteristics. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) evaluates the function of the hepatocytes and the biliary system. Liver and spleen scintigraphy with [99mTc]-labelled colloid tracks active tracer phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Approximately 80–90% of tracer is taken by the liver, 5–10% by the spleen, and the remainder by the bone marrow. The physiologic basis for spleen scintigraphy with heat damaged red blood cells (DRBCs) is the ability of this organ to trap and remove deformed and damaged RBCs from circulation. This method involves drawing blood, in vitro labelling RBCs with [99mTc], and inducing damage to their cell membrane with controlled heating. Following reinjection of DRBCs splenic tissue can be identified with high sensitivity and specificity. Unlike labelled colloid scans and HBS, liver and spleen scintigraphy with [99mTc]-labelled RBCs can be highly specific in the evaluation of vascularity and blood pool of focal liver lesions.
Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Pascual Thomas Neil , Zucchetta Pietro , London Kevin , Howman-Giles Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates lymphatic transit and lymph node accumulation of radiolabeled nanocolloids that, following intradermal injection, are cleared by the lymphatic system. Lymphoscintigraphy is also a sensitive, noninvasive method for evaluating lymphedema and the overall integrity of the lymphatic system.
Perturbative unitarity constraints on generic vector interactions
Authors: Barducci Daniele , Nardecchia Marco , Toni Claudio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study perturbative unitarity constraints on generic interactions between fermion and vector fields, which are allowed to have generic quantum numbers under a ΠiSU(Ni) ⨂ U(1) group. We derive compact expressions for the bounds on the couplings for the cases where the fields transform under the trivial, fundamental or adjoint representation of the various, considering both the case of a complex vector arbitrary interactions with fermionic current and also the case of vectors arising as gauge fields. We apply our results to some specific NP models showing the constraints that can be derived using the tool of perturbative unitarity.