bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using DNA markers to reconstruct the lifetime morphology of barley grains from carbonized cereal crop remains unearthed at Usvyaty Settlement
Authors: Semilet Tatiana , Shvachko Natalia , Smirnova Natalia , Shipilina Lilia , Khlestkina Elena 
Published: May 2023

Research on taxonomic and genetic diversity of cultivated plants provides valuable data that help to clarify how the flora of cultivated plants was formed in a particular region. Paleogenetics, a discipline that developed at the intersection of molecular biology, archeology and genetics, helps to explore plant origin and changes in plant genotype during evolution. By the 12th century, the economy of medieval Northern Russia was based on a developed farming culture. Tracing the origin of its constituent agricultural traditions is an important fundamental task. The objective of this work was to study and identify the species affiliation of carbonized fossil remains of plants that grew in the Russian Northwest in the 12th century using morphological and molecular genetic methods. The results of the morphological analysis of grain fossils showed that most of the unearthed plant material was barley. Other cereals, such as wheat, rye and oat, were also observed. Molecular genetic studies helped to clarify the species affiliation of partially destroyed grains and reconstruct their lifetime morphology.
Investigação de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina em estetoscópios de uso hospitalar
Authors: DAmato Thauany Rodrigues Leal , Carreiro Mônica de Almeida , Melo Dayanne Araújo de , Oliveira Marcelo Sttrazzeri , Machado Fernanda Rocha , Silva Catia Maria Santos Diogo da 
Published: May 2023

A pesquisa teve por objetivo evidenciar a presença de S. aureus resistentes à meticilina em estetoscópios. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e de campo. Foi coletado amostras, por meio de swabs, das hastes metálicas e do diagragma de 26 estetoscópiono período de setembro de 2022 na Clínica Médica de um hospital. Após, as amostras foram cultivadas em ágar Manitol Vermelho de Fenol e identificação por coloração de gram e teste de catalase, identificação fenotípica pela prova da coagulase e de resistência a meticilina em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus pela técnica de difusão em disco com o antimicrobiano cefoxitina. Verificou-se a contaminação de 92,3% dos estetoscópios analisados. Quanto as características morfo-tintoriais, todas as amostras foram do tipo gram positiva, com predominância cocos (80,8%). Em 57,6% deram coagulase positiva e 42,3% coagulase negativa. A pesquisa aponta que todas a bactérias avaliadas são do gênero Staphylococcus spp. Desses, 57,6% correspondem coagulase positiva fermentador possível Staphylococcus aureus e 42,3% Staphylococcus coagulase negativa. Foi encontrado 60% das bactérias do tipo Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina. Conclui-se que o estetoscópio carreia Staphylococcus aueus resistentes à meticilina podendo haver a contaminação cruzada entre os pacientes e desenvolver Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde. Assim, reforça as necessidades de haver medidas de controle, redução e prevenção a disseminação de microrganismos resistentes, sobretudo a atenção a prática de higienização de equipamentos de saúde e lavagem correta das mãos.
Palavras-Chave: Estetoscópios; Microbiologia; Infecção Hospitalar; Segurança do Paciente; Enfermagem.
Novice Teachers Navigating Mentoring Relationships in the United States
Authors: Sydnor Jacqueline 
Published: May 2023

Amid the national teaching shortage in the United States, it is now more critical than ever to sustain teachers. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to understand which mentoring experiences and induction support can aid in this objective. Framed by Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism, this study's longitudinal, qualitative nature explores the experiences of novice teachers (NTs) in elementary schools in the United States whose critical first years occurred amid a global pandemic. More specifically, we focus on the formal and informal support they experienced while becoming a teacher. Analysis of the data, which included in-depth interviews with the NTs revealed two key themes: 1) deprioritizing mentoring, and 2) inconsistencies in mentoring. The implications of this study aim to extend the existing literature, offering action-based evidence to improve mentoring and induction. Focusing on the retention of NTs via support and mentoring benefits the field now and into the future.
Child Temperament and Child-care Support are Related to Better Mother-child Relationship Quality
Authors: Yalcintas Sumeyra , Pike Alison 
Published: May 2023

The current study identifies associates of mother-first-born-child relationship quality of an important period that is when expecting a second child. Based on Belsky’s determinants of parenting model (Belsky, 1984), we suggested three domains to relate to mother-child relationship quality, maternal personal resources (well-being, effortful control), child characteristics (temperament, behaviour problems) and contextual factors (household chaos, child-care support, marital satisfaction). Forty-five mothers (Mage= 34.78 years; SDage = 3.86 years) and their typically developing first-born children (Mchild age=32.26 months; SDage = 6.27) were visited at home in the south of England, Sussex, UK, where mothers completed questionnaires and mother-child interactions were videotaped. Results demonstrated that easier child temperament, better maternal well-being, less household chaos and more child-care support were related to more positive mother-child relationship quality. Together the variables explained 23% of the variance in relationship quality. The child’s easy temperament, chaos and child-care support provided unique variance in explaining the mother-child relationship. These results contribute to the literature on expecting a second child and yield several implications. The findings also provide guidance for future intervention programs. In order to improve the mother-child relationship quality, child executive functioning may be a fruitful target for intervention, as well as increased support for child-care and decreased household chaos.
The Gap Between AI and Bedside: Participatory Workshop on the Barriers to the Integration, Translation, and Adoption of Digital Health Care and AI Startup Technology Into Clinical Practice
Authors: Olaye Iredia M , Seixas Azizi A 
Published: May 2023

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital health technological innovations from startup companies used in clinical practice can yield better health outcomes, reduce health care costs, and improve patients' experience. However, the integration, translation, and adoption of these technologies into clinical practice are plagued with many challenges and are lagging. Furthermore, explanations of the impediments to clinical translation are largely unknown and have not been systematically studied from the perspective of AI and digital health care startup founders and executives.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to describe the barriers to integrating early-stage technologies in clinical practice and health care systems from the perspectives of digital health and health care AI founders and executives.

Methods
A stakeholder focus group workshop was conducted with a sample of 10 early-stage digital health and health care AI founders and executives. Digital health, health care AI, digital health–focused venture capitalists, and physician executives were represented. Using an inductive thematic analysis approach, transcripts were organized, queried, and analyzed for thematic convergence.

Results
We identified the following four categories of barriers in the integration of early-stage digital health innovations into clinical practice and health care systems: (1) lack of knowledge of health system technology procurement protocols and best practices, (2) demanding regulatory and validation requirements, (3) challenges within the health system technology procurement process, and (4) disadvantages of early-stage digital health companies compared to large technology conglomerates. Recommendations from the study participants were also synthesized to create a road map to mitigate the barriers to integrating early-stage or novel digital health technologies in clinical practice.

Conclusions
Early-stage digital health and health care AI entrepreneurs identified numerous barriers to integrating digital health solutions into clinical practice. Mitigation initiatives should create opportunities for early-stage digital health technology companies and health care providers to interact, develop relationships, and use evidence-based research and best practices during health care technology procurement and evaluation processes.
Factors Reducing the Use of a Persuasive mHealth App and How to Mitigate Them: Thematic Analysis
Authors: Kekkonen Markku , Korkiakangas Eveliina , Laitinen Jaana , Oinas-Kukkonen Harri 
Published: May 2023

Background
Studies on which persuasive features may work for different users in health contexts are rare. The participants in this study were microentrepreneurs. We built a persuasive mobile app to help them to recover from work. Representatives of this target group tend to be very busy due to work, which was reflected in their use of the app during the randomized controlled trial intervention. Microentrepreneurs also often have dual roles; they are professionals in their line of work as well as entrepreneurs managing their own business, which may add to their workload.

Objective
This study aimed to present users’ views on the factors that hinder their use of the mobile health app that we developed and how these factors could be mitigated.

Methods
We interviewed 59 users and conducted both data-driven and theory-driven analyses on the interviews.

Results
Factors reducing app use could be divided into 3 categories: use context (problem domain–related issues, eg, the lack of time due to work), user context (user-related issues, eg, concurrent use of other apps), and technology context (technology-related issues, eg, bugs and usability). Due to the nature of the participants’ entrepreneurship, which often interferes with personal life, it became clear that designs targeting similar target groups should avoid steep learning curves and should be easy (quick) to use.

Conclusions
Personalized tunneling—guiding the user through a system via personalized solutions—could help similar target groups with similar issues better engage with and keep using health apps because of the easy learning curve. When developing health apps for interventions, background theories should not be interpreted too strictly. Applying theory in practice may require rethinking approaches for adaptation as technology has evolved rapidly and continues to evolve.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03648593; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03648593
Long-Term Impact of a Smartphone App on Prescriber Adherence to Antibiotic Guidelines for Adult Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Interrupted Time-Series Study
Authors: Yoon Chang Ho , Nolan Imogen , Humphrey Gayl , Duffy Eamon J , Thomas Mark G , Ritchie Stephen R 
Published: May 2023

Background
Mobile health platforms like smartphone apps that provide clinical guidelines are ubiquitous, yet their long-term impact on guideline adherence remains unclear. In 2016, an antibiotic guidelines app, called SCRIPT, was introduced in Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand, to provide local antibiotic guidelines to clinicians on their smartphones.

Objective
We aimed to assess whether the provision of antibiotic guidelines in a smartphone app resulted in sustained changes in antibiotic guideline adherence by prescribers.

Methods
We analyzed antibiotic guideline adherence rates during the first 24 hours of hospital admission in adults diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia using an interrupted time-series study with 3 distinct periods post app implementation (ie, 3, 12, and 24 months).

Results
Adherence increased from 23% (46/200) at baseline to 31% (73/237) at 3 months and 34% (69/200) at 12 months, reducing to 31% (62/200) at 24 months post app implementation (P=.07 vs baseline). However, increased adherence was sustained in patients with pulmonary consolidation on x-ray (9/63, 14% at baseline; 23/77, 30% after 3 months; 32/92, 35% after 12 month; and 32/102, 31% after 24 months; P=.04 vs baseline).

Conclusions
An antibiotic guidelines app increased overall adherence, but this was not sustained. In patients with pulmonary consolidation, the increased adherence was sustained.
Consultation Rate and Mode by Deprivation in English General Practice From 2018 to 2022: Population-Based Study
Authors: Vestesson Emma Maria , De Corte Kaat Lieve An , Crellin Elizabeth , Ledger Jean , Bakhai Minal , Clarke Geraldine M 
Published: May 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on primary care service delivery with an increased use of remote consultations. With general practice delivering record numbers of appointments and rising concerns around access, funding, and staffing in the UK National Health Service, we assessed contemporary trends in consultation rate and modes (ie, face-to-face versus remote).

Objective
This paper describes trends in consultation rates in general practice in England for key demographics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explore the use of remote and face-to-face consultations with regard to socioeconomic deprivation to understand the possible effect of changes in consultation modes on health inequalities.

Methods
We did a retrospective analysis of 9,429,919 consultations by general practitioners, nurses, or other health care professionals between March 2018 and February 2022 for patients registered at 397 general practices in England. We used routine electronic health records from Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum with linkage to national data sets. Negative binomial models were used to predict consultation rates and modes (ie, remote versus face-to-face) by age, sex, and socioeconomic deprivation over time.

Results
Overall consultation rates increased by 15% from 4.92 in 2018-2019 to 5.66 in 2021-2022 with some fluctuation during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The breakdown into face-to-face and remote consultations shows that the pandemic precipitated a rapid increase in remote consultations across all groups, but the extent varies by age. Consultation rates increased with increasing levels of deprivation. Socioeconomic differences in consultation rates, adjusted for sex and age, halved during the pandemic (from 0.36 to 0.18, indicating more consultations in the most deprived), effectively narrowing relative differences between deprivation quintiles. This trend remains when stratified by sex, but the difference across deprivation quintiles is smaller for men. The most deprived saw a relatively larger increase in remote and decrease in face-to-face consultation rates compared to the least deprived.

Conclusions
The substantial increases in consultation rates observed in this study imply an increased pressure on general practice. The narrowing of consultation rates between deprivation quintiles is cause for concern, given ample evidence that health needs are greater in more deprived areas.
Severe Mental Illness and Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes and Complications: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Fleetwood Kelly J. , Wild Sarah H. , Licence Kirsty A.M. , Mercer Stewart W. , Smith Daniel J. , Jackson Caroline A. ,   Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE
To compare cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in people with severe mental illness (SMI) versus no mental illness in a national cohort study of people with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2004 and 2018 from the national Scottish diabetes register, ascertaining history of mental illness from linked psychiatric and general hospital admission records. We identified major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, all-cause mortality, and CVD-specific mortality through record linkage. Using Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between SMI and outcomes, adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including history of CVD, comorbidity, hypertension, high cholesterol, HbA1c, BMI, alcohol use disorder, and smoking.

RESULTS
Among 259,875 people with type 2 diabetes, 1.0%, 0.5%, and 3.0% had schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, the risk of major CVD events was higher in people with schizophrenia (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.41), bipolar disorder (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.33–1.87), and major depression (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.49–1.70) compared with people without a history of mental illness. SMI was also associated with an approximately twofold increased risk of CVD-specific and all-cause mortality. All associations attenuated following further adjustment for clinical characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS
Among people with diabetes, people with a history of SMI have poorer cardiovascular and mortality outcomes compared with those without mental illness. While the underlying mechanisms are further investigated, effective prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors is needed in this high-risk group.
Pilot clinical trial: propidium monoazide PCR quantifies reduction of the viable bacterial load after antiseptic preparation of canine oral mucosa
Authors: Nye Alicia K. , Suchodolski Jan , Hong Min-Pyo , Park So Young , Thieman Mankin Kelley M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
A pilot clinical study to evaluate the use of propidium monoazide PCR (PMA-PCR) in quantifying a reduction of bacterial load after antiseptic use on the canine oral mucosa and skin, comparison of quantitative PCR (qPCR) to PMA-PCR, and comparison of patterns seen between PCR methods and bacterial culture.

ANIMALS
Client-owned dogs (n = 10) undergoing general anesthesia and intravenous catheter placement.

PROCEDURES
The oral mucosa and antebrachial skin of each dog underwent swabs for culture, qPCR, and PMA-PCR before and after antiseptic preparation of each site. Reduction in bacterial load between sampling times was evaluated for each quantification method.

RESULTS
All testing methods found a significant decrease in bacterial load from oral mucosa after antiseptic preparation (culture P = .0020, qPCR P = .0039, PMA-PCR P = .0039). PMA-PCR had a significantly greater reduction of bacterial load after preparation than qPCR (P = .0494). Only culture detected a significant reduction after preparation of the skin (culture P = .0039, qPCR P = .3125, PMA-PCR P = .0703).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
PMA-PCR was able to quantify a reduction of bacterial load after antiseptic preparation of the high-bacterial load environment, with a pattern similar to that of culture, and was more specific than qPCR for detecting viable bacterial load. The results of this study support the use of PMA-PCR for antiseptic effectiveness studies performed on a high-bacterial load environment, such as canine oral mucosa.
Analysis of Mitochondrial Transfer RNA Mutations in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ding H.J. , Zhao Y.P. , Jiang Z.C. , Zhou D.T. , Zhu R. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Damage of mitochondrial functions caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pathogenic mutations had long been proposed to be involved in breast carcinogenesis. However, the detailed pathological mechanism remained deeply undetermined. In this case-control study, we screened the frequencies of mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) mutations in 80 breast cancer tissues and matched normal adjacent tissues. PCR and Sanger sequence revealed five possible pathogenic mutations: tRNAVal
G1606A, tRNAIle
A4300G, tRNA

Ser(UCN) T7505C, tRNAGlu
A14693G and tRNAThr
G15927A. We noticed that these mutations resided at extremely conserved positions of tRNAs and would affect tRNAs transcription or modifications. Furthermore, functional analysis suggested that patients with these mt-tRNA mutations exhibited much lower levels of mtDNA copy number and ATP, as compared with controls (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be speculated that these mutations may impair mitochondrial protein synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, which caused mitochondrial dysfunctions that were involved in the breast carcinogenesis. Taken together, our data indicated that mutations in mt-tRNA were the important contributors to breast cancer, and mutational analyses of mt-tRNA genes were critical for prevention of breast cancer.
Community based social marketing for greenhouse gas emission reduction in households
Authors: Streimikiene Dalia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The European Union (EU) has set an ambitious goal to achieve a carbon neutral society by 2050. In response, several EU member states, including Lithuania, pledged to achieve 100% renewables in the final energy consumption. The main ways of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the energy sector are (1) the energy efficiency improvement and (2) the use of renewable energy sources (RES). Although many policies and measures were implemented to promote a fast penetration of renewables, especially in the supply sector, there is a massive GHG emissions reduction potential in households. However, there are several social and behavioral barriers hampering a fast penetration of renewables into households. Therefore, new well-targeted policies are necessary to overcome these barriers. The community based social marketing (CBSM) can be applied to promote GHG emissions reduction in households through behavioral changes. This paper evaluates the carbon emissions reduction potential at the household level driven by CBSM. The research is conducted in the Kaunas district municipality in Lithuania, having quantitative and qualitative components. The results show that ~20% energy could be saved in households through behavioral changes initiated by CBSM; and that it is possible to achieve significant GHG emissions reduction, save energy and money without making any major investments in households. The average realistically achievable GHG emissions reduction potential for one Lithuanian household is ~500 kg CO2 equivalent per year. These results can be used to roughly assess the energy saving and GHG emissions reduction potential of all Lithuanian households due to behavioral changes. This study also shows that the main obstacles to behavioral changes in households (after the implementation of intervention measures) are: lack of knowledge, lack of trust in information sources, inertia, values, etc.