bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Stabilization: Utilizing Waste Material as Binder
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sharma Abhishek , Singh Kanwarpeet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The expansion and contraction of black cotton soil makes it difficult to build structures on it. The expansion and contraction behavior of black cotton soil must be adapted to make it suitable for construction purposes. This research is an attempt to evaluate the geotechnical characteristics of black cotton soil by performing laboratory testing incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) (10, 20, 30 and 40%) and polypropylene fiber (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) so as to use the combination as subgrade material. Various laboratory testing’s such as consistency limits, compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on varying amount of both the materials. The laboratory tests revealed that adding the right amount of GGBFS and polypropylene fiber alone or in combination improved the geotechnical features of black cotton soil (BCS). The mix obtained does not only solve the problems associated with BCS but also provides a cost effective solution for soil stabilization.
Phytochemical screening of Datura using GC-MS in Shivalik and mid- Himalayan regions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Thakur Priya , Sharma Priya , Arora Sanjana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Datura stramonium is a poisonous plant species reported in almost every corner of India which belongs to the family Solanaceae with a well-known history of ethno medicinal applications. The present study has attempted phytochemical screening of Datura in Himachal Pradesh based on altitude differences. In the present study, methanol extracts of D. stramonium were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify the important phytochemical constituents. In the present investigation, we have also attempted to provide proof of differences in the concentrations of phytochemicals within the same species as stated in previous literature. In the study, Datura stramonium was taken into consideration as an important toxic plant encountered in poisoning and abuse cases in Himachal Pradesh. Datura specimens were collected from selective regions of Himachal and were grouped according to altitude. The samples were carefully dried and subjected to microscopic examination and phytochemical screening. The GC–MS analysis of methanol extracts from seeds detected the presence of 15 phytochemical compounds. The GC-MS reports revealed variability in alkaloid concentrations with altitude. The area percentage occupied by the alkaloid peak was considered an indication of concentration. Scopolamine peak area percentage was between 21.46-27.06 in the mid – Himalayan region, while in the Shivalik region it was between 9.86-16.10. The samples from lower altitude regions had a lower content of Scopolamine in comparison to that of the higher altitude. This data can help in better forensic profiling of Datura. This may prove helpful in studying the origin of forensic evidence obtained at the scene of the crime.
A pragmatic Analysis of adaptation strategies of apple farmers of Himachal Pradesh: A survey
Authors: Arundhati  , Bhagat R.M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present study was conducted with the objective of assessing the adaptation strategies of farmers toward climate change in the apple growing district of Himachal Pradesh. A sample of twenty farmers each from four districts (Kullu, Kinnaur, Chamba & Shimla) were selected because these areas have significant contribution with respect to area and production of apple in the state. Data was collected through personal interview and focused group discussion. Suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies were developed based upon the vulnerability analysis, farmer’s perceptions and available options in the region to minimize the crop vulnerability to climate change. During the study farmers told about some local coping and adaptation strategies adopted by them in response to observed risks and hazards related to climate and non- climatic factors. Therefore this study aimed at understanding the impact of Climate change and variability and the resulting socio- economic responses which take into account farmer’s awareness of weather fluctuations.
Impact of curing regime on modified interlocking paver blocks
Authors: Garg Varundeep , Kumar Vijay 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This research illustrated the variations in strength by substituting copper slag and fly ash to the paver block and it was treated under the curing regime that is normal curing, immersion curing and gunny bag curing. Zig-zag shape paver blocks were constructed for this research. 35% of copper slag was substituted with sand and 25% fly ash with cement. Abrasion test, water absorption test, compression test, flexural test and split-tensile test were carried out to compare the strengths in between both the mixes such as conventional mix and substitution mix. In comparison the values of all the test performed depicts the more strength was acquired by substitutional mix.
Environmentally Friendly Beeswax: Properties, Composition, Adulteration, and its Therapeutic Benefits
Authors: Gupta Garima , Anjali Kumari 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bees produce beeswax, which is used to make honeycombs is biodegradable, sustainable, compostable, eco-friendly. In addition to honey and pollen, honey bees use comb to store nectar and rear their young. More than 300 things are made with beeswax, such as candles, shoe polish and vehicle and floor polishes. Beeswax can also be used in the food processing and packaging, wax crayons, metal casting and modelling, food processing, and cosmetics industries. In addition to these, embalming, papyrus preservation, and artwork conservation are all possible uses for honey beeswax. Beeswax has numerous industrial, pharmacological, and medical uses that demand an understanding of its chemical makeup. Similar to honey, beeswax is considered effective in the treatment of bruising, inflammation and burns. Beeswax’s antibacterial properties have recently been the subject of inquiry, despite the fact that there are currently few studies on the subject. For example, beeswax has been proven to significantly reduce affectivity of disease casing bacteria like: Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Salmonella enterica. This study discusses the characteristics, composition, and adulteration of beeswax, as well as its medicinal effects as an antibiotic and in skin therapy.
A Review on Utilizing Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWIA) in Construction Activates
Authors: Singh Preetpal , Boora Amardeep , Kumar Gupta Ashok 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the previous decades there has been substantial study on implementation of municipal solid waste incineration ash in constructional operations. This has led in the development of waste recycling and management solutions. Regardless of the massive investigations and the subsequent modifications to MSWI ashes, the reuse plans for MSWI ashes are constrained. Incineration of municipal solid waste permits the burning of organic materials at a very high temperature, which results in the development of energy in the form of gases and ashes. The ashes so collected from the procedure are classed as bottom ash or fly ash. These ashes are now-a-days been employed in numerous constructional operations as a substitute or alternative for different constructional materials. The basic purpose of the study is to emphasize the review of MSWI ash in constructional activities taking into consideration its qualities and performance in different materials. The article also addresses the existing state of MSWI ash utilization, its technical features and performance.
Experimental Investigation of Coconut Shell Charcoal Ash in Bituminous Concrete
Authors: Towheed Molvi Ahmed , Singh Sandeep 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For upgradation of roads and to reduce the cost of bituminous road numerous materials are used one among them is coconut shell charcoal ash which is used in flexible pavements as a filler. The primary impartial of this study is to match the results produced by using filler such as fly ash with coconut shell charcoal ash in bituminous concrete. Coconut shell charcoal ash contain the properties like absorption, light weight, low cost, resistance to freezing, resistance to crushing which is the most significant factor for the road pavements.in this study test was performed like Marshall stability test stability, flow value, VMA and void ratio. In this research the Marshall stability increases with the increase of filler in the Marshall cake. The flow value increases with the increase of coconut shell charcoal as a filler and decreases the void ratio and VMA with the increase of filler. The different percentage of coconut shell charcoal ash are 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% are used in test with 5.5% bitumen.
Geo-polymer concrete- a concrete for sustainable environment
Authors: Yombi Anne Matutu , Chand Jagdish 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The production of the cement concrete industry has grown in this modern world and is considered one of the major contributors to global pollution. The production of cement used as a binder in cement concrete requires a high-temperature combustion process which contributes to the increase of the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere leading to major threats to the planet such as climate change and depletion of natural resources. Many countries begin to impose carbon taxes as raw materials deplete over time. To reduce and eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, numerous studies have been conducted to develop an innovative and environmentally beneficial building material names Geo-polymer concrete (GC). It is vital to substitute cement with a by-product substance abundant in silicon and aluminium like red mud, fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), etc. activated by a high alkaline solution (AS) to connect coarse aggregates (CA), fine aggregates (FA), and other substance in GC for the purpose of making a progress in qualities of concrete and reduce natural resource uses. The current study focused on the impact of various factors such as the effect of superplasticizer, Na-OH molarity (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16M), and curing temperature (30-900C) on different mechanical characteristics such as workability, tensile and compressive strength of GC. Results obtained show that the higher strength is obtained with a molarity of 14M after both 7 and 28 days as with 16M excess Na+ ions lower the strength and affect the process of polymerisation. The curing temperature at 900C for all mixtures gives higher strength as compared to 600C which in return gives higher strength than 300C at 28 days of testing. The results also show that the addition of superplasticizer (1, 1.5, 2 and 3 % of mass of fly ash) improves the workability of geopolymer fresh concrete. In current research work, Naphthalene superplasticizer was used and its addition beyond 1.5% of the mass of fly ash improved workability but slightly decreased the strength of concrete. Its optimum value was found as 68.05KN/m2 at 900C curing temperature when 14M NaOH and 1.5% superplasticizer were added.
A Comparative Study of Mechanical Characteristics of Normal Concrete with Human Hair Fiber Fabricated Concrete
Authors: Shakti Srivastava Kumar , Verma Nitin , Singh Khushpreet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For a long period, materials like steel, jute, wood, etc. are been taken into practice for concrete fabrication. The reinforcement of concrete structures provides good stability and improves the mechanical properties of the material. The overgrowing population results in demand for infrastructures, which in proportion increases the production of concrete. To reduce the after effect of concrete production and prevent the use of raw materials, the utilization of waste elements as a substitution for concrete constituents is exercised by researchers to decrease the chance of degradation by construction pollution and landfilling of waste. The use of waste Human Hair Fiber (HHF) as concrete fabrication is a step forward toward sustainable construction. The current study has been performed to examine the effect of HHF reinforcement on concrete by determining the strength features of the concrete with human hair of lengths 20, 50, and 80 mm at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% addition of HHF by the weight of cement on. However, it was found that a 1.5% addition of human hair of lengths 50 mm and 80 mm shows the maximum compressive and flexural quality whereas, a 1% addition of human hair with 50 mm length as given the maximum 28 days tensile strength.
4-E (Energy-Emission-Environment-Economic) Dispatch Problem in Solar PV Energy Using Hybrid PSOTLBO Search Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Kaushal Rajanish , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Renewable energy sources have evolved into a technologically and economically feasible choice for use by electrical utilities. Furthermore, the widespread usage of renewable energy sources is driving policymakers and utilities to increase green energy’s role to ensure long-term economic growth. The most influential non-conventional energy source for generating power is solar energy. Electric power systems must be designed, built, and run in such a way that the majority of energy demand for loads is supplied reliably, cost-effectively, and in an environmentally responsible manner. In 4-E dispatch, the term “energy” refers to generated power in the scheduled period, the term “emission” refers to the amount of emission released in the scheduled period, and the term “environment” refers to health and environmental damage costs in the scheduled period and the term “economic” refers to power generating cost in the scheduled period. In this paper a hybrid of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO), named as PSOTLBO is proposed, developed, and effectively applied to attain the best or optimum solutions for the 4-E (Energy-Emission-Environment-Economic) dispatch problem for scenarios involving ten thermal power plants and thirteen solar photovoltaic (PV) plants.
Use of Low-density polyethylene in flexible pavement
Authors: kumar Akhil , Irshad Malik Er. Mohd 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plastic is found in abundance on earth due to its cheap capital cost and large-scale availability. Plastic waste is a mean to degrade our environment as it is also a source of many toxic gasses and is non-biodegradable. There must be some way to eliminate such a threat to our surroundings. The use of Low-density polyethylene such as bottles, polythene bags, and much more as a replacement in bitumen blend provides various benefits like an increase in resistance to deformation, increase in durability, strength, reduction in seepage, mitigating of pollution, and gainful for waste disposal.
Use of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the crystalline size of rice husk derived graphene produced by microwave process
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Singh Farwaha Harnam , Ranjan Nishant 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, the microwave process is optimized for graphene preparation from rice husk using RSM (Response Surface Methodology) as the graphene has exceptional qualities and is highly used in many industrial applications. The experiments are designed by using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) approach. The characterization of prepared graphene is done by FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope), UV–Visible spectroscopy, and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy). The best route to finding good-quality graphene is the objective of this research. The higher value R2 describes the satisfactory correlation between experimental and predicted data. The obtained optimized minimum crystallite size of graphene is 28.39 nm. The characterization, prediction, and process optimization are done, and the validation of the developed model confirms the model can be used for the preparation of graphene from rice husk. The prediction and optimization of the process parameters are done for the synthesis of graphene from rice husk. RSM is used as a statistical technique to obtain a quadratic model for the response. As the properties of graphene mostly depend upon the size of the particle, so the prediction of the crystalline size is done by this RSM technique.
Use of wood sawdust ash as effective raw material for clay bricks
Authors: Mehta Vikas , Mondal Sandip , Kumar Naresh , Kumar Sushil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The world is gradually looking for waste material properties and finding a way out of using it as secondary raw materials for other industrial purposes because of increasing environmental understanding and guidelines on controlling industrial waste. In the present world, the researcher’s primary aim is to enhance the usage of environmentally friendly materials and protect the environment. This research proves the possibility of using wood sawdust ash (WSDA) partially replace clay and sand manufacturing bricks. This paper used WSDA obtained from controlled combustion to replace other construction materials for bricks. The feasibility study used WSDA as an admixture with five distinct replacement levels, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, for non-modular bricks (230×110×70) mm. The brick was evaluated for various strength parameters to authenticate clay bricks’ compressive strength, efflorescence, and water absorption properties. The findings revealed that the compressive strength of WSDA bricks (11.01 N/mm2) is higher than fly ash-cement-based and burnt clay bricks, which are 6.93 N/mm2 and 9.56 N/mm2. Also, the water absorption is (31%) lower than clay burnt bricks.
Implementation of an anti-windup control under partial shading for a photovoltaic grid interfaced system
Authors: Singh Harvinder , Gupta Surbhi , Gupta Akhil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Owing to the growing technological advancements in control startgies for addressing the various power quality issues in distributed generation systems, an anti-windup control strategy for reducing the impact of partial shading is proposed in this present work. The performance of a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) grid interfaced system is evaluated during the presence of a single phase to ground fault. Majorly, the SPV array is also operated under partial shading conditions by changing levels of solar radiation and ambient temperature conditions. The performance of a Proportional Integral (PI) anti-windup controller is justified by demonstrating the flow of active-reactive power with minimum levels of harmonics. This controller has ably demonstrates its effectiveness in mitigating the impact of partial shading. The validated data sheet SPR-305-WHT is used to validate the obtained results. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) levels are estimated at various coipling points. It is revelaed that the THD levels of grid current at Point of Common Coupling (PCC) are less than 5%. According to IEEE-519 standard, the level of harmonics must be less than 5%. Overall, the proposed scheme can be helpful for future research engineers and professionals working on improving various power quality aspects.
A critical review on jet grouting used in ground improvement techniques
Authors: Hasan Murtaza , Qazi Areeba , Sharma Aastha , Raj Aditya , Dogra Shailaja 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The ground improvement by jet grouting has been critically reviewed in the present paper. Using different keywords, the organized study was conducted on Web of Science and Scopus, yielding 579 results. The methodology followed PRISMA 2009 guidelines, which included identifying, screening, and analysing a large number of results. A total of 36 papers are eligible for analysis after the screening process. In this study, we look at various concepts such as the type of grouting, the methods used, the type of soil, and the tests that have been conducted by numerous researchers. These techniques are used to improve subsoil characteristics such as bearing capacity, shear strength, settlement characteristics, and drainage. Jet grouting is a technique for reducing soil permeability while increasing shear strength. Jet grouting is primarily used in recent technologies to construct new metro stations, and tunnels, control water discharge, and improve the quality of deep excavation. This paper provides an overview and concept of recent and traditional major ground improvements using jet grouting, as well as their properties and cost considerations.
Thermal investigation on high temperature treatment of cement mortars with high content of marble powder
Authors: Stoyanov V , Petkova V , Kostova B , Kaljuvee T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The object of the study is cement compositions based on white Portland cement, characterized by a high content of marble powder and a low water-to-cement ratio. The samples were prepared with different concentrations of the components, affecting their densities and strengths determined at 28 days or 120 days of curing. The IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy supplement the thermal analysis (heating rate of 10°C/min in the temperature range of 20-1200°C). This work aimed to characterize cement mortars by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermal (TG-DTG-DSC) analysis up to 1200°C. The study obtained data on phase composition, binder-to-aggregate and water-to-cement ratio, and spectroscopic and thermal properties of cement mortars. As a result of the study, an increase in the decomposition temperatures of composites with marble powder was found. Substitution of a part of the Portland cement clinker with a marble powder leads to the formation of carbo-sulpho-aluminates.
Influence of the concrete strength class and the span/depth ratio on the sustainability of reinforced concrete beam slabs
Authors: Chardakova T , Traykova M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Slabs form a significant part of the mass of reinforced concrete structures in buildings. Therefore, their sustainable design is crucial for the overall sustainability of the structure. A critical factor for the sustainability of slabs is their depth. The initial choice is usually based on conservative span/depth ratios or span/effective depth ratios, found in literature. However, thinner slabs may often be designed at the expense of greater reinforcement ratios and/or greater concrete strength class. This paper seeks to find the most effective choice of span/depth ratio of beam slabs for different concrete strength classes in terms of their sustainability. Quantitative assessment of the slab’s embodied energy per m2 and embodied CO2 per m2 is made for slabs with different static schemes and with different variable loads. Only the cradle-to-gate embodied energy and CO2 of the concrete and the reinforcement steel of the slab itself are considered. Other aspects of the sustainability of slabs, such as their influence on other structural elements, insulation properties, etc., are shortly discussed. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, some general conclusions are made and recommendations for the optimal choice in terms of sustainability of concrete strength class and span/depth ratio are given.