bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural performance enhancement of concrete beams with steel overlapped splices using nanoparticles
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Mohamed O. A. , Elkady Hala 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents research program towards cleaner building industry; through producing nano-enabled concrete, namely Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) Concrete (CNT-CRETE). Structural beam specimens are cast; hence, a series of three-point loading flexure tests is conducted to evaluate and compare the behavior of five groups of standard-size regular reinforced (RC) beams, compared with those using CNT-CRETE. Two previously recommended percentages of CNT are used (0.02% and 0.04% of cement weight). Three possible splice shapes are tested: direct contact splices, and two possible non-contact splices (spacing distances of 1.5 and 3.5 splice bar diameters). The splices with direct contact splices lead to the highest flexural load capacity. On the other hand, non-contact lap splices result in a more flexible section. CNT-CRETE beams exhibited considerable improvement in overall performance. Hence, using CNT-CRETE can lead to future reductions in splice lengths previously recommended by different codes for regular concrete. This will be an innovative addition to different codes. This step requires intensive future studies to cover different CNT types and configurations.
Polyethylene microplastics hamper aged biochar’s potential in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Chen Yalan , Wang Zhibo , Zhang Anqi , Li Yang , Sun Ke , Jiang Chenrun , Gunina Anna , Aloufi Abeer S. , Liang Xinru , Han Zichen , Xiao Yue , Zhang Yunqian , Du Zhangliu , Zhu Shishu , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile biochar effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions, the coincident microplastics will alter these benefits. To assess the long-term efficacy of biochar application in reducing emissions amidst microplastic interference, we investigated the interactive effects of polyethylene microplastics (1%–5% wt) and decadal biochar addition (aged biochar) on C and N stability in a Fluvic Cambisol. Aged biochar and polyethylene individually reduced CO2 emissions by 49% and 18%, respectively, over 91-day incubation. This was due to decreased soil aggregation, dissolved organic matter (DOM) content, and increased DOM aromaticity, which reduced microbial biomass and chitinase activity associated with soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. This ultimately led to increased accumulation of microbial necromass carbon (MNC) to soil stable carbon pool. Interestingly, the coexistence of polyethylene diminished the efficacy of biochar in mitigating CO2 emissions (+ 44 ~ 82%) and stabilizing MNC (-18 ~ 23%). This was because the interaction between polyethylene and biochar facilitated macroaggregate formation and DOM accumulation and decreased DOM aromaticity, which increased microbial biomass and chitinase activity for SOM decomposition. Similar to soil C dynamics, aged biochar largely reduced N2O emissions by 54%, due to decreased nirK but increased nifH genes. Polyethylene increased N2O emissions by 5% and 25% in biochar-free and aged biochar soil, respectively, likely through upregulation of nirS and nirK but downregulating nifH gene expression. Thus, polyethylene microplastics may undermine the benefits of biochar in mitigating climate change, highlighting the necessity to recognize microplastics as a global change factor and to incorporate their role in elemental cycling alongside their global transport.
Graphic Abstract
Drag polar modelling for jet aircraft using 6-DOF model data via cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Yurttav G. , Mutlu T. , Baklacioglu T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper describes a reverse engineering methodology so as to accomplish an aero-propulsive modelling (APM) through implementing a drag polar estimation for a case study jet aircraft in case of the absence of the thrust data of the aircraft’s engine. Since the available thrust force can be replaced by the required thrust force for the sustained turn, this approach allows the elimination for the need of the thrust parameter in deriving an aero-propulsive model utilising equations of motion. Two different modelling approaches have been adopted: (i) implementing the 6-DOF model data for sustained turn and climb flight to achieve induced drag model; and then incorporating the glide data to obtain the total drag polar model; (ii) using the 6-DOF model data together with introducing the effect of CL-α dependency. The error assessments showed that the derived CSA models were able to predict the drag polar values accurately, providing linear correlation coefficient (R) values equal to 0.9982 and 0.9998 for the small α assumption and CL-α dependency, respectively. A direct comparison between the trimmed CD values of 6-DOF model and the values predicted by the CSA model was accomplished, which yielded highly satisfactory results within high subsonic and transonic CL values.
Metabolomics in ruminant food: Bridging nutritional quality and safety evaluation
Authors: Zhang Boyan , Wang Jiakun , Wang Bing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ruminant-derived foods, predominantly milk and meat, are globally recognized as staples of a high-quality diet. Despite their widespread popularity, there is a notable deficiency in comprehensive standards addressing the nutritional values and safety of these products. This gap significantly limits both the supply of and demand for premium quality milk and meat. This review endeavors to highlight the benefits of utilizing metabolomics for the evaluation of quality and safety in milk and meat products from ruminants. It identifies critical metabolites, genetic signals, and metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of ruminant-derived milk and meat, proposing their potential as nutritional or regulatory targets and biomarkers. These biomarkers are instrumental in predicting and assessing the quality and safety of dairy and meat products, offering guidance for quality-based pricing and food safety inspections in the market. This review offers a critical overview of current metabolomics-based platforms and tools for interpreting the quality and safety of ruminant foods. The core metabolic biomarkers and biological biosynthetic processes of milk and meat enhance our understanding of the interplay between conventional food production from animals and new synthetic biological technologies.
Actively Open-Minded Thinking About Evidence (AOT-E) Scale: Adaptation and Evidence of Validity in a Brazilian Sample
Authors: Bonafé-Pontes Andressa , Costa Bastos Rafael , Pilati Ronaldo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present study aimed to adapt the actively open-minded thinking about evidence (AOT-E) scale to Brazilian Portuguese and assess its psychometric properties and nomological network in a Brazilian sample. It begins by investigating the underlying content structure of the AOT-E in its original form. Results from an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of secondary data serve as the basis for the proposed adaptation, which is subjected to both EFA and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 718 participants from various regions of Brazil completed an online survey that included the AOT-E, along with other instruments that allowed for an assessment of the scale’s nomological network, including measures of science literacy, attitude toward science, conspiracy beliefs, and religiosity. The EFA and CFA of both the original and Brazilian samples suggested a unidimensional solution. Despite the differences found in a multigroup CFA, polychoric correlations provided evidence of expected nomological relationships that replicate international findings. Overall, this study contributes to expanding the availability of adapted and validated research instruments in non-WEIRD samples.
Surprisingly robust violations of stochastic dominance despite splitting training: A quasi-adversarial collaboration
Authors: Quispe-Torreblanca Edika , Stewart Neil , Birnbaum Michael H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
First-order stochastic dominance is a core principle in rational decision-making. If lottery A has a higher or equal chance of winning an amount

$x $

or more compared to lottery B for all x, and a strictly higher chance for at least one

$x $

, then A should be preferred over B. Previous research suggests that violations of this principle may result from failures in recognizing coalescing equivalence. In Expected Utility Theory (EUT) and Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT), gambles are represented as probability distributions, where probabilities of equivalent events can be combined, ensuring stochastic dominance. In contrast, the Transfer of Attention Exchange (TAX) model represents gambles as trees with branches for each probability and outcome, making it possible for coalescing and stochastic dominance violations to occur. We conducted two experiments designed to train participants in identifying dominance by splitting coalesced gambles. By toggling between displays of coalesced and split forms of the same choice problem, participants were instructed to recognize stochastic dominance. Despite this training, violations of stochastic dominance were only minimally reduced, as if people find it difficult—or even resist—shifting from a trees-with-branches representation (as in the TAX model) to a cognitive recognition of the equivalence among different representations of the same choice problem.
Awareness of Executive Interference and the Demand for Judicial Independence: Evidence from Four Constitutional Courts
Authors: Gandur Martín , Chewning Taylor Kinsley , Driscoll Amanda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Awareness of courts has long been theorized to engender enhanced support for judicial independence, but this is a logic that works only under the best of circumstances. We argue that interbranch politics influences what aware citizens know and learn about their court, and we theorize how awareness interacts with individual-level and context-dependent factors to bolster public endorsement of judicial independence in previously unappreciated ways. We fielded surveys in the United States (US), Germany, Poland, and Hungary, countries which diverge in the extent to which the environments are hospitable or hostile to high courts, and whose publics vary greatly in both their awareness of courts and perceptions of executive influence with the judiciary. We suggest that in hospitable contexts, awareness correlates with support for judicial independence, but said association depends on perceptions of executive influence. In hostile contexts where executive interference is common, more aware citizens are more apt to perceive this meddling, and although it might undermine trust in the judicial authority, it does not diminish their demand for judicial independence. Together, these findings underscore that public awareness and support for judicial independence are greatly informed by the political environment in which high courts reside.
Learning contexts and proficiency matter: L2 real-time sensitivity to conventional and unconventional dative pattern
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Hwang Haerim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates L2 learners’ sensitivity to conventional and unconventional dative constructions in English. Experiment 1 focused on measuring EFL learners’ acceptability judgment and real-time processing of sentences containing both types of constructions. Experiment 2, involving ESL learners, aimed to explore the modulating effects of L2 learning contexts and proficiency. Results from Experiment 1 indicated that EFL learners demonstrated diminished sensitivity compared to L1 English speakers, both in acceptability judgment and self-paced reading, with L2 proficiency marginally affecting their performance. In Experiment 2, ESL learners exhibited sentence judgment and processing patterns akin to those of L1 speakers, with L2 proficiency influencing their acceptability judgment and not self-paced reading. These findings support the claim that while L2 learners have a reduced ability to take advantage of statistical preemption, this ability can improve with increased language experience. Crucially, our study extends this theoretical perspective to the domain of real-time sentence processing.
Cache Complexes in Tikal, Petén, Guatemala (800 BC–AD 950)
Authors: Begel Johann 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFor almost a century, caches have been regular discoveries at most Preclassic and Classic Maya sites (ca. 800 BC–AD 950). As early as the 1960s, William Coe noticed a number of recurring patterns (Tikal Report No. 27A). Fifty years after the end of the Tikal Project's excavations, it was nonetheless necessary to review the data from all the successive projects to identify new deposits and reanalyze contexts deemed problematic. As a result, 343 caches are now identified at Tikal, of which 97% can be assigned to a recurrent Ritual Cache Complex on the basis of a combination of etic criteria including content, context of discovery, and chronology. Their study confirms a link between architectural and depositional sequences but also probable functions as gift offerings and agentive tools used by the whole population for ceremonies closely related to the type of structure in which they were performed. Finally, the repetition of cases provides a cautious basis for emic interpretations, thanks to the support of ethnographic comparisons. This organization of rituals into recurring patterns goes beyond Tikal and even the Maya area. This article is thus a first step toward a future larger-scale study.
Vladimir Putin, Normative Isomorphism, and the Language/Dialect Dichotomy
Authors: Maxwell Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article analyzes Vladimir Putin’s 2021 essay “On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians” as an example of political rhetoric invoking the language/dialect dichotomy. Curiously, Putin argued both that Ukrainian is a “dialect” of a greater Russian language and that Ukrainian is a distinct “language” different from Russian. As a form of political rhetoric, the language/dialect dichotomy draws its power from normative isomorphism, the idea that languages, nations, and states ought to coincide. According to the logic of normative isomorphism, claiming that Russian and Ukrainian are separate “languages” gives the Russian Federation a claim to annex the Russian-speaking south-east of Ukraine, while claiming that Ukrainian is a “dialect” of Russian would justify the Russian Federation’s annexation of Ukraine in its entirety. By endorsing both positions, Putin’s speech provided pre-emptively justifications for different policies, giving him room to maneuver. All that said, neither the language/dialect dichotomy nor normative isomorphism offers a solid basis for political legitimacy.
Nationalism and Ethnic Mobilization: Towards an Integrated Perspective
Authors: Vogt Manuel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article reviews the literature on nationalism and ethnic mobilization. I first discuss the different strands of research in the field, highlighting three key sources of division that characterize existing literature: geography, ethnic cleavage type, and strategy of mobilization. Arguing that the lack of dialogue between different niches of research can undermine the accumulation of general knowledge, I propose an integrated perspective on nationalism and ethnic mobilization that serves to assimilate findings from these separate niches. I conclude by discussing how such an integrated perspective can enhance our knowledge of the causes, dynamics, and consequences of ethnic mobilization.
The role of age of arrival and language environment factors in Arabic heritage language development: A longitudinal study
Authors: Paradis Johanne , Soto-Corominas Adriana , Daskalaki Evangelia , Al Janaideh Redab , Chen Xi , Gottardo Alexandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Arabic development of Syrian refugee children (N = 133; mean age = 9;4 at Time 1) was examined over 3 time periods during their first five years in Canada. Children were administered sentence repetition and receptive vocabulary tasks in English and Arabic, and information about age-of-arrival (AOA), schooling in Arabic and language environment factors was obtained via parent report. Older AOA was associated with superior Arabic abilities across time, but regardless of AOA, children showed plateau/attrition patterns in Arabic and shifts to English dominance by Time 3. Increases in English over Arabic were observed for language use at home and language-rich activities overtime. Stronger Arabic Time 3 outcomes were predicted by more Arabic and less English use with siblings, more schooling in Arabic, more frequent listening-speaking and extra-curricular activities in Arabic, and more Arabic use with friends. We conclude that the heritage language can be vulnerable even for first-generation bilinguals.
Z-score evaluation and inferences for management of aortopathy patients
Authors: Lashley Sydney J. , Holmes Kathryn W. , Madriago Erin J. , Huang Jennifer H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEchocardiographic Z-score models play a crucial role in defining cardiac pathology in paediatric patients. There are multiple models that practitioners utilize in the United States without guiding principles to standardize their use. Discrepant interpretations can occur depending on the model chosen, even if standardized Z-score cutoffs are applied. In this study, a survey was developed to assess pediatric cardiologists’ use of Z-score systems when evaluating and treating patients with isolated bicuspid aortic valve. The majority of respondents reported using Z-score cutoffs to evaluate the degree of aortic root and ascending aorta dilation. For the aortic root, mild, moderate, and severe dilation averaged at 2.13 (SD = 0.32), 3.59 (SD = 0.49), and 5.11 (SD = 0.84), respectively. Similar cutoffs were reported for determining ascending aorta dilation. A large proportion of respondents primarily used the Boston system (36%, 18/50) or Boston and Pediatric Heart Network systems together (36%, 18/50). There were also differences in management decisions, such as implementing competitive sports restrictions, based on Z-scores and the 2015 Task Force 7 Bethesda exercise guidelines. These survey results demonstrate variability that exists among paediatric cardiologists in their use of Z-scores for describing aortic root and ascending aorta dilation in patients with isolated bicuspid aortic valve and suggests the need for implementation of national guidelines for Z-score usage.
Climate futures in the time of the unbroken asset
Authors: Aitken Rob 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The crisis that now grips the ‘living earth’ establishes an intersection of climate and finance which entails questions of time: what does temporality mean in the context of both climate emergency and the processes of financialisation? In this paper, I intervene in these debates by reflecting on the reconstruction of time as a concrete legal object in the space of international investor-state arbitration. Over the past decade, international arbitration settlements, often using the accounting technique of discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, have increasingly relied on a conception of investor-oriented time that offers an expansive future, a time of long-term unbroken integrity. I trace the complex but often uneven shifts in arbitration practices through which the future is reconfigured not as a proximate and conditional object but as a category, encoded in DCF, which is endlessly expansive. The time of the unbroken asset, I argue, is in urgent disjuncture with the time of transition.
Seismological Observations on Amplitude‐Dependent Energy Dissipation in the Crust and Uppermost Mantle
Authors: Tero Hayato , Nakajima Junichi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe amplitude‐dependent seismic attenuation in the crust and uppermost mantle was investigated using spectral analysis of crustal and intraslab earthquakes that occurred in two areas in northeastern Japan. P‐wave attenuation () was found to be weakly proportional to amplitude () in both areas, following the relationship, . Quantitative analysis reveals that amplitude‐dependent attenuation is more pronounced in the uppermost mantle (n ∼ 0.16) than in the crust (n ∼ 0.05). This depth‐dependent behavior of attenuation may be attributed to increasing temperature and pressure, which enhance dislocation density and mobility. Our findings challenge the common assumption of amplitude‐independent attenuation. Although we infer dislocation mechanisms as the primary cause of the amplitude‐dependent energy dissipation, further experimental studies under high temperature and pressure conditions are necessary for better understanding of the complex nature of seismic attenuation and the underlying processes.
Statistical Study of Electron Kinetic Entropy Generation at Earth's Quasi‐Perpendicular Bow Shock
Authors: Lindberg M. , Wallner A. , Berglund S. , Vaivads A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe use the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission to study electron kinetic entropy across Earth's quasi‐perpendicular bow shock. We perform a statistical study of how the change in electron entropy depends on the different plasma parameters associated with a collisionless shock crossing. The change in electron entropy exhibits strong correlations with upstream electron plasma beta, Alfvén Mach number, and electron thermal Mach number. We investigate the source of entropy generation by correlating the change in electron entropy across the shock to the measured electric and magnetic field wave power strengths for different frequency intervals within different regions in the shock transition layer. The electron entropy change is observed to be greater for higher electric field wave power within the shock ramp and shock foot for frequencies between the lower hybrid frequency and electron cyclotron frequency, suggesting electrostatic waves are important for electron kinetic entropy generation at Earth's quasi‐perpendicular bow shock. Any eventual cross‐shock potential contribution to the electron entropy generation has not been considered in this study.
Signatures of the Long Duration Prompt Penetration Electric Field in the 18 MHz HF Radar Observations Over Thumba
Authors: Krishnan Lalitha G. , Shiokawa Kazuo , Pant Tarun Kumar , Vichare Geetha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOne of the best proxies to estimate the daytime ionospheric zonal electric field from the dynamo region is by probing the drift of the plasma irregularities in the ionospheric E‐region by coherent radars, although there have not been many at HF frequencies. The present study is based on the observations of the anomalous variability in the zonal drift of 8.3 m scale size plasma irregularities in the ionospheric E‐region during the daytime on 12 October 2021, and 28 November 2022, as observed by an 18 MHz HF radar at Thumba (8.5°N, 77°E, and dip lat. = 1.96°N). The wind perturbations from the lower atmosphere and the electric field penetrating from the solar wind, can both cause the perturbations in the E‐region electric field. Based on a comparison with the predicted Prompt Penetration Equatorial Electric Field (PPEF) as ascribed by Manoj et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008ja013381), and the quiet‐time dynamo electric field over the longitude of Thumba, we conclude that the perturbations in the electric field on these two events are caused by PPEF mapping to the equatorial region, solely driven by IMF BZ oscillations. The former event is a result of a Coronal Mass Ejection, whereas the latter event was caused by a high‐speed solar wind associated with coronal hole. The fluctuations in the strength of the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) calculated from the magnetic field observations from a pair of equatorial (Tirunelveli) and off‐equatorial (Alibag) stations are also found to be well in agreement with the radar observations and modeled PPEF, thereby verifying the E‐region observations.