bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proca-Higgs balls and stars in a UV completion for Proca self-interactions
Authors: Herdeiro Carlos , Radu Eugen , dos Santos Costa Filho Etevaldo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider a Proca-Higgs model wherein a complex vector field gains mass via spontaneous symmetry breaking, by coupling to a real scalar field with a Higgs-type potential.
This vector version of the scalar Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin model, can be considered as a UV completion of a complex Proca model with self-interactions. We study the flat spacetime and self-gravitating solitons of the model, that we dub Proca-Higgs balls and stars respectively, exploring the domain of solutions and describing some of their mathematical and physical properties. The stars reduce to the well-known (mini-)Proca stars in some limits. The full model evades the hyperbolicity problems of the self-interacting Proca models, offering novel possibilities for dynamical studies beyond mini-Proca stars.
Scaling of thermoelectric inhomogeneities with temperature in platinum–rhodium alloyed thermocouples
Authors: Edler F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Thermoelectric inhomogeneities of type S, type R and Pt-20%Rh/Pt thermocouples were determined in the temperature range between 200 °C and 1000 °C in temperature steps of 50 °C. Immersion profiles with each thermocouple at each of the 16 scanning temperatures were measured. From the measured temperature dependencies of the inhomogeneities, methods were derived how thermoelectric inhomogeneities measured at only one or two scanning temperatures are quantitatively transferred to other temperatures or temperature ranges. For this purpose, thermoelectric inhomogeneities were classified as irreversible and reversible inhomogeneities, as they must be treated differently. Irreversible thermoelectric inhomogeneities can be extrapolated linearly with temperature or electromotive force from only one immersion profile measurement at an arbitrary temperature to other temperatures in the temperature range investigated. Reversible inhomogeneities in Pt/Rh alloyed thermocouples must be taken as a kind of unavoidable background inhomogeneity (noise) whose amplitude essentially depends on the alloy composition. The distinction between reversible and irreversible inhomogeneities is made by measuring immersion profiles at two scanning temperatures: first at a temperature between 400 °C and 450 °C, where reversible inhomogeneities have a maximum value and at a temperature between 600 °C and 700 °C, where reversible inhomogeneities have a minimum in contrast to irreversible inhomogeneities.
Plasma turbulence simulations in a diverted tokamak with applied resonant magnetic perturbations
Authors: Boinnard T. , Coelho A.J. , Loizu J. , Ricci P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The first results of three-dimensional, flux-driven, electrostatic, global, two-fluid turbulence simulations of a diverted tokamak configuration with applied resonant magnetic perturbations generated by a set of saddle coils are presented. The simulations of an L-mode plasma show that the heat flux pattern on the divertor targets is affected by the resonant magnetic perturbations, as a result of the interplay between turbulent cross field transport and parallel flows. The simulation results reveal the potential of resonant magnetic perturbations to reduce the heat flux to the wall. In fact, the peak of the toroidally- and time-averaged heat flux as well as its value integrated over the divertor decrease as the amplitude of the magnetic perturbation increases, while the plasma sources are held constant.
Assessing quality of contributions to avian monitoring by non-scientists: a case study on individually banded wild birds
Authors: Puehringer-Sturmayr Verena , Rittenschober Julia , Gegendorfer Gudrun , Kleindorfer Sonia , Frigerio Didone 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Long-term records of animal behaviour are useful sources of data for generating new testable hypotheses, though often human and financial resources limit opportunities to acquire such datasets. Citizen science can potentially fill the gap by generating win:win outcomes for science and society. In the present study, non-scientist participants (i.e. school classes and citizen scientists) joined the long-term monitoring of three avian model species (greylag goose, Anser anser; common ravens, Corvus corax; northern bald ibis, Geronticus eremita) by collecting sightings of individually marked birds. Objectives of the study were to address accuracy (in terms of correct identification of bands/species for individual birds) of the observations compiled by the participants depending on the specific tool used for data collection; compare the results obtained with analogue vs digital tools about the spatial abundances of the greylag geese; investigate potential differences in data collection depending on the species’ habits (ground-dwelling or not); and to merge both analogue and digital datasets to model spatial patterns of abundance for one of the monitored species, the greylag goose. Digital or analogue tools were used to collect data over three years. Training modules were offered before starting data collection. Data accuracy varied across focal species and tasks (range 12.5%–100% correct). Among the three monitored avian species, greylag geese (ground-dwelling) were observed the most compared to the common ravens and northern bald ibis (both aerial and/or arboreal). Furthermore, greylag geese showed differences in their abundance between locations as well as preferences for specific spatial hotspots within the study area. Spatial patterns did not differ between breeders and non-breeders. Our study underscores that participants of citizen science projects can contribute accurate behavioural data which could be used to develop a robust model of spatial patterns and abundance of the greylag goose. Involvement of non-scientist participants in research projects is expected to generate further benefits for science (management related decision) and society (enhanced knowledge and awareness of the process of scientific enquiry).
Landscape restoration and greening in Africa
Authors: Ruijsch Jessica , Teuling Adriaan J , Verbesselt Jan , Hutjes Ronald W A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a reaction to ongoing environmental change, many local land restoration projects have emerged that aim to prevent or reverse land degradation, combat climate change through carbon sequestration or improve the local climate. However, the contribution of these projects to the greening of Africa at larger scales is still unknown due to the absence of a (public) complete database of land restoration projects, the lack of monitoring and the low survival rate of planted vegetation. Here, we use climate independent greening time series to detect local greening hotspots in Africa. We find that 2.1% of Africa, an area of roughly 400 000 km2, experiences local greening, especially in semi-arid environments. We show that various forms of sustainable land management (SLM) lead to significant local greening and demonstrate that some forms, e.g. active revegetation, are more effective than others, e.g. natural regeneration. This study, therefore, provides a first continental-scale insight in the greening potential of land restoration, which is needed for a thorough understanding of the effectiveness of SLM.
Extending global river gauge records using satellite observations
Authors: Riggs Ryan M , Allen George H , Wang Jida , Pavelsky Tamlin M , Gleason Colin J , David Cédric H , Durand Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Long-term, continuous, and real-time streamflow records are essential for understanding and managing freshwater resources. However, we find that 37% of publicly available global gauge records (N = 45 837) are discontinuous and 77% of gauge records do not contain real-time data. Historical periods of social upheaval are associated with declines in gauge data availability. Using river width observations from Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellites, we fill in missing records at 2168 gauge locations worldwide with more than 275 000 daily discharge estimates. This task is accomplished with a river width-based rating curve technique that optimizes measurement location and rating function (median relative bias = 1.4%, median Kling-Gupta efficiency = 0.46). The rating curves presented here can be used to generate near real-time discharge measurements as new satellite images are acquired, improving our capabilities for monitoring and managing river resources.
A systematic comparison of deforestation drivers and policy effectiveness across the Amazon biome
Authors: Hänggli Aline , Levy Samuel A , Armenteras Dolors , Bovolo C Isabella , Brandão Joyce , Rueda Ximena , Garrett Rachael D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Amazon biome, spanning nine countries, has one of the highest rates of deforestation worldwide. This deforestation contributes to biodiversity loss, climate change, the spread of infectious diseases, and damage to rural and indigenous livelihoods. Hundreds of articles have been published on the topic of deforestation across Amazonia, yet there has been no recent synthesis of deforestation drivers and deforestation-control policy effectiveness in the region. Here we undertook the first systematic review of papers published between 2000 and 2021 that have causally linked proximate and underlying drivers and policies to deforestation outcomes in Amazonia. In the 155 articles that met our inclusion criteria, we find that causal research is concentrated in Brazil, and to a lesser degree Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. There has been little study of the Guianas, Venezuela or Colombia. Large- and small-scale agriculture linked to improved market access and high agricultural prices are frequently researched underlying drivers of deforestation across the heavily researched regions. In the Guianas research focuses on mining with little focus on underlying causes. Research on infrastructure expansion, mining, and oil extraction and on technological, sociocultural, and institutional factors remains sparse. Many public and private policies have been found to be effective in controlling deforestation across the biome, with protected areas and public policies standing out as particularly successful in slowing deforestation vis-à-vis supply chain approaches. Frontier age, land tenure, and policy interactions are key moderating factors affecting the outcomes of different underlying causes and policies. Our findings indicate a greater need for research on (i) additional deforestation drivers beyond agriculture and economic factors, (ii) the complex interactions between different drivers and deforestation control policies, (iii) causes underlying deforestation in low or new deforestation areas, and (iv) the dynamics between Amazonian subregions and countries. Understanding the extent and diversity of deforestation drivers and effectiveness of existing deforestation mitigation policies across Amazonia is a necessary first step toward designing policies to further reduce deforestation in the biome.
Generation of nonlinear Airy beams with switchable acceleration direction
Authors: Wu Dong , Zhang Zihang , Wang Chaowei , Zhang Leran , Xu Liqun , Wei Dunzhao , Xiong Wei , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Chu Jiaru , Chen Yang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Airy beams, which propagate along a curved trajectory, have been widely utilized in optical tweezers, biomedical analysis, and material processing. However, the dynamic regulation of nonlinear Airy beams is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate directionally switchable nonlinear Airy beams via three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear photonic crystals (NPCs) fabricated by the femtosecond laser erasing technique. The 3D NPCs contain several sequential arrays of spatially modulated nonlinearities with different spatial frequencies and cubic coefficients. By tuning the wavelength of the fundamental beam, the quasi-phase-matching condition can be switched to modulate the acceleration direction and wavelength of the generated nonlinear Airy beam. This offers a versatile platform for dynamic nonlinear Airy beam generation, paving the way for applications in optical trapping, optical communication, and biomedical imaging.
Comparison of collagens extracted from swim bladder and bovine Achilles tendon
Authors: Li Yuling , Tian Youxi , Xiong Xin , Chen Huizhi , Zhou Yubin , Zhou Yanfang , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Collagen is a type of natural biopolymer material, which is widely used in tissue engineering and medicine owing to its exceptional properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, hemostatic properties, and low immunogenicity. Collagens from different sources can differ in type, structure, and function. In this study, collagen was extracted from swim bladder and bovine Achilles tendon by acid-enzyme binding method at low temperature. UV spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, scanning electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize these two collagens. The blood compatibility and cytotoxicity of the two kinds of collagen were studied.The results showed that the collagens from the two sources belong to the characteristics of type I collagen and had biological safety. Their differences in structure and thermal stability can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of collagen in practical application.
Electrochemical oxidation of methylene blue dye in wastewater using mechanically alloyed high entropy alloy modified carbon paste electrode using cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Rajendrachari Shashanka , Adimule Vinayak M , Jayaprakash Gururaj Kudur , Pandith Anup 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMechanical alloying is one of the popular, simple, and easy powder metallurgy methods to prepare nanostructured high entropy alloys (HEA). HEAs are modern-day alloys that exhibit significantly improved properties and are used in many unique applications. One such application is using HEA powders for determining the methylene blue dye in wastewater using cyclic voltammetry. We have successfully synthesized the HEA powder of composition 25Fe-19Cr-19Ni-18Ti-19Mn by planetary ball mill and studied their phases, surface morphology, and particle sizes by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) respectively. We have fabricated the HEA-modified carbon paste electrode (HEA-MCPE) to study the electrochemical oxidation of methylene blue (MB) dye present in the wastewater. MB is a cationic dye that is toxic, and carcinogenic in high doses; generally used in textile, paper, and leather industries for coloring purposes and discharged into the water sources and thus creating a threat to aquatic animals and humans. Therefore, we must determine the MB dye in waste water regularly. Our fabricated electrode can detect MB dye in wastewater over a pH range of 6 to 7.6 with a significant current response. We have found that, the 4 mg HEA-MCPE and pH 6 are the optimal experimental conditions for achieving a higher rate of electro-oxidation of MB dye. The calculated active surface area for bare and HEA-MCPE is found to be 0.180 and 0.918 cm2respectively. We have found out that, increase in the concentration of MB from 1 mM to 5 mM increases the anodic peak current linearly due to the increased molecular interaction and the mobility of electrons between the analyte and the electrode surface.
Effects of interfacial area and energetic barrier on thermoelectric performance of PEDOT:PSS–MXene composite films
Authors: Park Juhyung , Ko Youngjun , Jeong Jeehyun , Song Jeong Han , Park Jong S , Kwak Jeonghun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) devices based on conducting polymers have significant potential for low-temperature energy harvesting. To enhance the TE performance, the incorporation of low-dimensional inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix has been considered as a promising strategy by exploiting the energy filtering effect. Since the energy filtering effect is strongly influenced by the carrier scattering at the interface between polymer and inorganic fillers, the TE properties are likely to be affected by the interfacial properties of two constituents. In this study, we investigated the TE performance in the composite films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene, in order to reveal the effects of the interfacial area and the energetic barrier on the TE performance by controlling the MXene sizes and the oxidation level of PEDOT:PSS. We found that the composite film with smaller MXene exhibits a higher power factor (PF) than that with larger MXene, originating from the increased interfacial area which facilitates the energy filtering effect. We also showed that an optimal energy barrier (0.14 eV) between PEDOT:PSS and MXene can accelerate the energy filtering effect, which allows to maximize the PF of the composite films up to 69.4 μW m−1 K−2. We believe that our study not only contributes to the development of the composite-based TE devices utilizing the energy filtering effect, but also helps to understand the charge transport in polymer–inorganic composites.
Quasi-biennial modulation of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones by the western North Pacific monsoon
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J , Liu Qingyuan , Duan Yihong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Previous publications have highlighted the relationship between several climate modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation and tropical cyclones (TCs) experiencing rapid intensification (RI) over the western North Pacific (WNP), particularly on a 3–7-yr timescale. This study investigates the modulation of TCs experiencing RI by the WNP monsoon on biennial timescales. There is a significant positive relationship between rapidly intensifying TC (RITC) frequency over the WNP during July–November from 1980 to 2021 and the simultaneous WNP monsoon index. After classifying different WNP monsoon years on biennial timescales, we find significantly more TCs forming over the key region from 5°–25°N, 140°–160°E during strong WNP monsoon years. Some of these TCs then move westward into the portion of the WNP that climatologically has the most RI-favorable environmental conditions. Alternatively, other TCs forming in the key region move northward and undergo RI quickly after genesis, subsequently leading to an increase in rapidly intensifying WNP TC frequency. The WNP monsoon influences rapidly intensifying TC activity predominantly through modulation of large-scale atmospheric conditions. During strong WNP monsoon years, increased low-to-mid-level humidity, low-level vorticity and upper-level divergence and decreased vertical wind shear all favor TC genesis and RI development over the key region. A strong WNP monsoon is also associated with an anomalous 850-hPa cyclone, an anomalous 200-hPa anticyclone, increased 600-hPa moisture convergence and a decrease in the magnitude of 200-hPa winds over the key region. Our study highlights that the WNP monsoon significantly modulates TC and RITC activity at distinct timescales.
Human mortality attributable to outdoor air pollution in China during the period 2016–2020
Authors: Liu Gang , Jiang Lingling , Xu Zhuoying , Liu Yifan , Wang Haikun , Peng Zhen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, a latest reanalysis dataset of atmospheric composition, the Global Exposure Mortality Model and a log-linear exposure-response function were employed to estimate the national deaths attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) pollution in China for the period 2016–2020, including the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The national mortality attributable to long-term PM2.5 exposure decreased year by year from 2.18 million (95% confidence interval (1.83, 2.51), the same hereinafter) in 2016 to 1.99 million (1.66, 2.30) in 2020. In particular, the number in 2020 was 133.16 thousand less than 2019 owing to the reduced emissions during the pandemic, and the mortality attributable to short-term PM2.5 exposure dropped from 46.86 thousand in 2019 to 36.56 thousand in 2020. However, because O3 concentrations have kept increasing during the period, the national mortality attributable to long-term O3 exposure increased from 132.79 thousand (128.58, 137.00) in 2016 to 197.00 thousand (190.98, 203.03) in 2020. In addition, compared to before the pandemic, the national mortality attributable to short-term O3 exposure showed an increase in February, April and May of 2020, and the sharpest year-on-year increase of 162% occurred in April. The different trends of mortality after anthropogenic emissions were reduced pose a challenge for policy-makers and researchers.
Evaluating Chatbot Efficacy for Answering Frequently Asked Questions in Plastic Surgery: A ChatGPT Case Study Focused on Breast Augmentation
Authors: Seth Ishith , Cox Aram , Xie Yi , Bulloch Gabriella , Hunter-Smith David J , Rozen Warren M , Ross Richard J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies into healthcare is transforming patient-practitioner interaction and could offer an additional platform for patient education and support.

Objectives
This study investigated whether ChatGPT-4 could provide safe and up-to-date medical information about breast augmentation that is comparable to other patient information sources.

Methods
ChatGPT-4 was asked to generate 6 commonly asked questions regarding breast augmentation and respond to them. Its responses were qualitatively evaluated by a panel of specialist plastic and reconstructive surgeons and reconciled with a literature search of 2 large medical databases for accuracy, informativeness, and accessibility.

Results
ChatGPT-4 provided well-structured, grammatically accurate, and comprehensive responses to the questions posed; however, it was limited in providing personalized advice and sometimes generated inappropriate or outdated references. ChatGPT consistently encouraged engagement with a specialist for specific information.

Conclusions
Although ChatGPT-4 showed promise as an adjunct tool in patient education regarding breast augmentation, there are areas requiring improvement. Additional advancements and software engineering are needed to enhance the reliability and applicability of AI-driven chatbots in patient education and support systems.
METTL9 derived circular RNA circ-METTL9 sponges miR-551b-5p to accelerate colorectal cancer progression by upregulating CDK6
Authors: Li Ming , Zhi Zheng , Jiang Xuan , Duan Guo-Cai , Zhu Wei-Na , Pang Zheng , Wang Lian , Ge Rui , Dai Xin , Liu Jia-Meng , Chen Ting-Yue , Jia Jin-Jing , Li Jian-Ming , Sun Li-Na 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been accepted to play key roles in the development and progression of mutiple cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we identified circ-METTL9, derived from 2 to 4 exons of METTL9 gene, may promote CRC progression by accelerating cell cycle progression. However, the role and mechanism of circ-METTL9 in CRC remains unclear. Based on our data, the expression of circ-METTL9 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and markedly increased in advanced tumors in CRC patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that circ-METTL9 overexpression promoted CRC cells proliferation and migration in vitro, and simultaneously enhanced CRC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays proved that circ-METTL9 might be a miRNA sponge, and RNA pulldown assays showed the interaction between circ-METTL9 and miR-551b-5p. Notably, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), a key regulator in cell cycle, is a conserved downstream target of miR-551b-5p. Taken together, our findings highlight a novel oncogenic function of circ-METTL9 in CRC progression via circ-METTL9/miR-551b-5p/CDK6 axis, which may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC patients.