bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma rays induced modifications in the structural, optical and photoemission properties of PVA/TiO2 nanocomposite films
Authors: El-Badry Basma A , Khouqeer G A , Zaki M F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the present study, nanocomposite films made of TiO2 (0.01 wt%) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymers were prepared via the solution casting technique. The PVA/TiO2 nanocomposite films were irradiated with several doses of gamma-ray, ranging from 10–90 kGy. The unirradiated/irradiated nanocomposite films were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), roughness testing, UV–Vis spectroscopy, refractometry, densitometry, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results were then compared to the pure PVA polymer. FTIR spectra showed a decrease in intensity and a broadening of absorption bands due to interactions between the host PVA polymer atoms/molecules and the TiO2 NPs. SEM showed homogeneous dispersion of the TiO2 NPs in the PVA matrix. Gamma irradiation resulted in more significant morphological alterations and changing the roughness characteristics, the magnitude of which depended on the dose. UV–vis spectra showed the absorption edge significantly changing with increasing gamma doses. The optical energy gap band, Urbach’s energy, and the number of carbon clusters of the PVA/TiO2 nanocomposite films before and after gamma radiation were changed in comparison to the pure PVA sample. The refractive index and optical density improved due to the addition of TiO2 and γ-irradiation. The photoluminescence emission results emphasized the PVA/TiO2 film’s high sensitivity to γ-rays, especially at high doses, resulting in strong fluorescence peaks due to increased defects in the irradiated films. All in all, the results prove that there are alterations in the PVA polymer after the addition of TiO2 and γ-irradiation, making these films good candidates for a variety of industrial applications, including γ-ray dosimeters.
Anisotropic angle-dependent Andreev reflection at the ferromagnet/superconductor junction on the surface of topological insulators
Authors: Salehi Morteza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate that a ferromagnetic/superconductor junction on the surface of three-dimensional topological insulators (3D TIs) has an anisotropic angle-dependent Andreev reflection when the in-plane magnetization has a component perpendicular to the junction. In the presence of in-plane magnetization, the Dirac cone’s location adjusts in the k-space, whereas its out-of-plane component induces a gap. This movement leads to the anisotropic angle-dependent Andreev reflection and creates an anomalous Hall conductance flows parallel to the interface. Also, an indirect gap induces in the junction, which removes the transport signatures of Majorana bound states. Because of the full spin-momentum locking of Dirac fermions on the surface of 3DTIs, a torque that called Andreev Transfer Torque (ATT) imposes on the junction. Moreover, we propose a setup to detect them experimentally.
Electromagnetically induced acoustic transparency amplifier using a superconducting transmon circuit
Authors: Batool Syeda Aliya , Rahmatullah  , Qamar Sajid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a scheme for the amplification of electromagnetically induced acoustic transparency (EIAT) in a superconducting transmon circuit. Recently, EIAT has been demonstrated experimentally in a three-level ladder-type superconducting artificial atom [G Andersson et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 240 402 (2020)]. In this experiment, the authors have noticed only 20% transmission of surface acoustic waves (SAW) due to limited linewidth of the EIT window. Here we utilize an additional microwave field to enhance the transmission of SAW. This additional field increases the coherence in the second excited state which causes the amplification in transmission and the reduction in corresponding group velocity is achieved.
Simulation of hollow-cathode-nitriding plasma and design of diffusion equipment with DC and RF dual discharge
Authors: Zhang Zhehao , Wang Zhengwei , Shao Minghao , Yan Jiwen , He Yongyong , Li Yang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The formation and diffusion of plasma are complex and critical processes in plasma nitriding. A stable and high-concentration plasma atmosphere can effectively increase the diffusion rate and the thickness of the diffusion layer. In this study, a two-dimensional multi-physics model integrating physical kinetics, energy transfer, mass transfer, and electromagnetic induction was developed. The effect of a hollow-cathode structure on plasma distribution was investigated, and the edge effect observed on nitrided metals was eliminated. The impacts of the essential plasma diffusion parameters were simulated using the developed model. A simple but effective experiment was designed to validate the model. A diffusion furnace with DC and RF dual discharge was designed by adding a high-frequency coil to existing equipment. Subsequently, the effects of the two plasma excitation sources on the overall distribution of plasma were analyzed. Notably, the proposed model is a high-fidelity one based on actual device dimensions; therefore, it can be used to simulate, predict, and control the plasma formation process in the diffusion furnace. In addition, the model can provide reference data and guidance for optimizing the diffusion process and structural design of diffusion furnaces.
Adipokines as an important link between hidradenitis suppurativa and obesity: a narrative review
Authors: Krajewski Piotr K , Matusiak Łukasz , Szepietowski Jacek C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, debilitating disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Although its pathophysiology is not fully explained, inflammation seems to play an essential role in the development of HS. A link between obesity – often considered a state of chronic inflammation – and a higher prevalence of HS has been described. Nevertheless, the exact association is not well understood. Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that produces and secretes a variety of metabolically and immunologically active molecules called adipokines. The imbalances in concentrations of several adipokines in patients with HS have already been described. A shift towards the overproduction of proinflammatory adipokines (including leptin, resistin and visfatin) with the suppression of anti-inflammatory ones (adiponectin) has been noted. We conducted a review of the available data on adipokines in HS, concentrating on the described imbalances in adipokine concentrations, as well as possible implications in HS pathogenesis. Moreover, new, unstudied adipokines with possible implications in the development of HS are proposed.
Effects of ambient air pollution on outpatient visits for psoriasis in Wuhan, China: a time-series analysis
Authors: Lan Jiajia , Huang Qiuyi , Yang Liu , Li Yan , Yang Jing , Jiang Biling , Zhao Liang , Xia Yuting , Yu Xinyu , Tao Juan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis can be provoked by both external and internal factors. The effects of environmental factors on psoriasis remain unclear.

Objectives
To investigate the effects of air pollution on outpatient visits for psoriasis.

Methods
A distributed lag nonlinear model following quasi-Poisson regression was used to evaluate the lag effects of air pollutants on psoriasis outpatient visits, adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analyses were performed to identify potential effect modifications by sex, age and season.

Results
In total, 13 536 outpatient visits for psoriasis were recorded in Wuhan, China from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. In the single-pollutant model, exposures to particulate matter (PM) smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), PM smaller than 10 μm (PM10), NO2 and SO2 were found to be significantly associated with increased daily psoriasis outpatient visits. For the largest effects, a 10-μg m−3 increase in concentrations of PM2.5 (lag1), PM10 (lag1), NO2 (lag0) and SO2 (lag3) corresponded to 0.32% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.63], 0.26% (95% CI 0.05–0.48), 0.98% (95% CI 0.01–1.96) and 2.73% (95% CI 1.01–4.47) increases in psoriasis outpatient visits, respectively. In the two-pollutant model, only NO2 showed significant and stable effects on the outpatient visits for psoriasis.

Conclusions
Ambient air pollution, especially NO2, appears to be significantly associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for psoriasis in Wuhan, China. Air pollution control and exposure prevention could be effective measures to relieve the symptoms of psoriasis among these patients.
A systematic review of the uses of metformin in dermatology
Authors: Raza Sami , Al-Niaimi Firas , Ali Faisal R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Metformin is an established staple drug in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this systematic review, we sought to establish the clinical utility of metformin in a range of dermatological conditions. The pathophysiology of acne vulgaris and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is well suited to the pharmacological profile of metformin, and we found evidence for its efficacy in managing these conditions. We found some evidence for the use of metformin particularly in acne and PCOS; however, the evidence base is of mixed quality. There is scope for clinicians to consider metformin as an adjunct therapy in acne and PCOS. There is generally insufficient evidence to recommend metformin in other dermatological conditions.
Amebic appendicitis: a case report
Authors: Malik Shilpa , Jagtiani Tina , Cenaj Odise , Rakhlin Aleksandr 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Changing the paradigm of treatment of acute appendicitis to non-operative management can miss unusual etiologies that can only be diagnosed on pathologic analysis. Presented is a case of amebic appendicitis in which antibiotic management was dictated by post-operative pathology findings.
Precise physical conditions for the warm gas outflows in the nearby active galaxy IC 5063
Authors: Holden Luke R , Tadhunter Clive N , Morganti Raffaella , Oosterloo Tom 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Active galactic nucleus (AGN)-driven outflows are now routinely used in models of galaxy evolution as a feedback mechanism; however, many of their properties remain highly uncertain. Perhaps the greatest source of uncertainty is the electron density of the outflowing gas, which directly affects derived kinetic powers and mass outflow rates. Here we present spatially resolved, wide spectral-coverage Xshooter observations of the nearby active galaxy IC 5063 (z = 0.001131), which shows clear signatures of outflows being driven by shocks induced by a radio jet interacting with the ISM. For the first time, we use the higher-critical-density transauroral (TR) [S ii] and [O ii] lines to derive electron densities in spatially resolved observations of an active galaxy, and present evidence that the lines are emitted in the same spatial regions as other key diagnostic lines. In addition, we find that the post-shock gas is denser than the pre-shock gas, possibly due to shock compression effects. We derive kinetic powers for the warm ionized outflow phase and find them to be below those required by galaxy evolution models; however, other studies of different gas phases in IC 5063 allow us to place our results in a wider context in which the cooler gas phases constitute most of the outflowing mass. We investigate the dominant ionization and excitation mechanisms and find that the warm ionized outflow phase is dominated by AGN-photoionization, while the warm molecular phase has composite AGN-shock excitation. Overall, our results highlight the importance of robust outflow diagnostics and reinforce the utility of the TR lines for future studies of outflows in active galaxies.
Blue monsters. Why are JWST super-early, massive galaxies so blue?
Authors: Ziparo Francesco , Ferrara Andrea , Sommovigo Laura , Kohandel Mahsa 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The recent James Webb Space Telescope tentative discovery of a population of super-early (redshift z &gt; 10), relatively massive (stellar mass M* = 108–109M⊙) and evolved (metallicity Z ≈ 0.1 Z⊙) galaxies, which nevertheless show blue (β ≃ −2.6) spectra, and very small dust attenuation (AV ≲ 0.02), challenges our interpretation of these systems. To solve the puzzle, we propose two solutions in which dust is either (a) ejected by radiation pressure, or (b) segregated with respect to UV-emitting regions. We clarify the conditions for which the two scenarios apply, and show that they can be discriminated by ALMA observations, such as the recent non-detection of the 88μm dust continuum in GHZ2 (z ≃ 12) favouring dust ejection.
A low-mass hub–filament with double centre revealed in NGC 2071-North
Authors: Könyves Vera , Ward-Thompson D , Shimajiri Y , Palmeirim P , André Ph 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first analysis in NGC 2071-North as a resolved hub–filament featuring a double centre. This ∼1.5 × 1.5 pc2 scale filament hub contains ∼500 M⊙. Seen from Planck, magnetic field lines may have facilitated the gathering of material at this isolated location. The energy balance analysis, supported by infalling gas signatures, reveals that these filaments are currently forming stars. Herschel 100 $\mu$m emission concentrates in the hub, at IRAS 05451+0037 and LkHα 316, and presents diffuse lobes and loops around them. We suggest that such a double centre could be formed, because the converging locations of filament pairs are offset, by 2.3 arcmin (0.27 pc). This distance also matches the diameter of a hub ring, seen in column density and molecular tracers, such as HCO+ (1–0) and HCN (1–0), that may indicate a transition and the connection between the hub and the radiating filaments. We argue that all of the three components of the emission star LkHα 316 are in physical association. We find that a ∼0.06-pc-sized gas loop, attached to IRAS 05451+0037, can be seen at wavelengths all the way from the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS)-i to Herschel 100 $\mu$m. These observations suggest that both protostars at the double hub centre are interacting with the cloud material. In our 13CO data, we do not seem to find the outflow of this region that was identified in the 1980s with much lower resolution.
Modelling strong lenses from wide-field ground-based observations in KiDS and GAMA
Authors: Knabel Shawn , Holwerda B W , Nightingale J , Treu T , Bilicki M , Brough S , Driver S , Finnerty L , Haberzettl L , Hegde S , Hopkins A M , Kuijken K , Liske J , Pimbblet K A , Steele R C , Wright A H 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Despite the success of galaxy-scale strong gravitational lens studies with Hubble-quality imaging, a number of well-studied strong lenses remains small. As a result, robust comparisons of the lens models to theoretical predictions are difficult. This motivates our application of automated Bayesian lens modelling methods to observations from public data releases of overlapping large ground-based imaging and spectroscopic surveys: Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA), respectively. We use the open-source lens modelling software pyautolens to perform our analysis. We demonstrate the feasibility of strong lens modelling with large-survey data at lower resolution as a complementary avenue to studies that utilize more time-consuming and expensive observations of individual lenses at higher resolution. We discuss advantages and challenges, with special consideration given to determining background source redshifts from single-aperture spectra and to disentangling foreground lens and background source light. High uncertainties in the best-fitting parameters for the models due to the limits of optical resolution in ground-based observatories and the small sample size can be improved with future study. We give broadly applicable recommendations for future efforts, and with proper application, this approach could yield measurements in the quantities needed for robust statistical inference.
A DZ white dwarf with a 30 MG magnetic field
Authors: Hollands M A , Stopkowicz S , Kitsaras M-P , Hampe F , Blaschke S , Hermes J J 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTMagnetic white dwarfs with field strengths below 10 MG are easy to recognize since the Zeeman splitting of spectral lines appears proportional to the magnetic field strength. For fields ≳100 MG, however, transition wavelengths become chaotic, requiring quantum-chemical predictions of wavelengths and oscillator strengths with a non-perturbative treatment of the magnetic field. While highly accurate calculations have previously been performed for hydrogen and helium, the variational techniques employed become computationally intractable for systems with more than three to four electrons. Modern computational techniques, such as finite-field coupled-cluster theory, allow the calculation of many-electron systems in arbitrarily strong magnetic fields. Because around 25 per cent of white dwarfs have metal lines in their spectra, and some of those are also magnetic, the possibility arises for some metals to be observed in very strong magnetic fields, resulting in unrecognizable spectra. We have identified SDSS J114333.48+661531.83 as a magnetic DZ white dwarf, with a spectrum exhibiting many unusually shaped lines at unknown wavelengths. Using atomic data calculated from computational finite-field coupled-cluster methods, we have identified some of these lines arising from Na, Mg, and Ca. Surprisingly, we find a relatively low field strength of 30 MG, where the large number of overlapping lines from different elements make the spectrum challenging to interpret at a much lower field strength than for DAs and DBs. Finally, we model the field structure of SDSS J1143+6615 finding the data are consistent with an offset dipole.
A study of the rapid rotator ζ Aql: differential surface rotation?
Authors: Howarth Ian D , Bailey Jeremy , Cotton Daniel V , Kedziora-Chudczer Lucyna 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We report new, extremely precise photopolarimetry of the rapidly-rotating A0 main-sequence star ζ Aql, covering the wavelength range ∼400–900 nm, which reveals a rotationally-induced signal. We model the polarimetry, together with the flux distribution and line profiles, in the framework of Roche geometry with ω-model gravity darkening, to establish the stellar parameters. An additional constraint is provided by TESS photometry, which shows variability with a period, Pphot, of 11.1 h. Modelling based on solid-body surface rotation gives rotation periods, Prot, that are in only marginal agreement with this value. We compute new ester stellar-structure models to predict horizontal surface-velocity fields, which depart from solid-body rotation at only the ∼2 per cent level (consistent with a reasonably strong empirical upper limit on differential rotation derived from the line-profile analysis). These models bring the equatorial rotation period, Prot(e), into agreement with Pphot, without requiring any ‘fine tuning’ (for the Gaia parallax). We confirm that surface abundances are significantly subsolar ([M/H] ≃ −0.5). The star’s basic parameters are established with reasonably good precision: $M = 2.53\pm 0.16\, \mbox{M}_{\odot }$, log (L/L⊙) = 1.72± 0.02, $R_{\rm p}= 2.21\pm 0.02\, \mbox{R}_{\odot }$, Teff = 9693 ± 50 K, $i = 85{^{+5}_{-7}}^\circ$, and ωe/ωc = 0.95 ± 0.02. Comparison with single-star solar-abundance stellar-evolution models incorporating rotational effects shows excellent agreement (but somewhat poorer agreement for models at [M/H] ≃ −0.4).
Nested spheroidal figures of equilibrium – III. Connection with the gravitational moments J2n
Authors: Basillais B , Huré J-M 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We establish, in the framework of the theory of nested figures, the expressions for the gravitational moments J2n of a systems made of ${\cal L}$ homogeneous layers separated by spheroidal surfaces and in relative rotational motion. We then discuss how to solve the inverse problem, which consists in finding the equilibrium configurations (i.e. internal structures) that reproduce ‘exactly’ a set of observables, namely the equatorial radius, the total mass, the shape, and the first gravitational moments. Two coefficients J2n being constrained per surface, ${\cal L}=1+\frac{n}{2}$ layers (n even) are required to fix J2 to J2n. As shown, this problem already suffers from a severe degeneracy, inherent in the fact that two spheroidal surfaces in the system confocal with each other leave unchanged all the moments. The complexity, which increases with the number of layers involved, can be reduced by considering the rotation rate of each layer. Jupiter is used as a test-bed to illustrate the method, concretely for ${\cal L}=2,3$, and 4. For this planet, the number of possible internal structures is infinite for ${\cal L} &gt; 2$. Intermediate layers can have smaller or larger oblateness, and can rotate slower or faster than the surroundings. Configurations with large and massive cores are always present. Low-mass cores (of the order of a few Earth masses) are predicted for ${\cal L} \ge 4$. The results are in good agreement with the numerical solutions obtained from the self-consistent field method.
Plasma sheath around sunlit moon: monotonic and non-monotonic structures
Authors: Sana Trinesh , Mishra S K 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTAn analytical investigation of the sheath formation over sunlit moon under the influence of observed solar ultraviolet/extreme ultraviolet radiation and solar wind plasma has been presented. Poisson’s equation is coupled with the latitude-dependent Fermionic photoelectrons, non-Maxwellian solar wind electrons and cold ions to derive the electric potential, electric field, and population density profiles within the photoelectron sheath. We notice that the high-energy photons of the solar spectra in addition to Lyman- α, significantly contribute in determining the surface charge and subsequent sheath structure. A traditional Debye (Type C) sheath forms around the terminator due to dominant plasma electron accretion and marginal photoemission. While moving towards the equator, the photoelectron contribution increases, yielding monotonic (Type B) and non-monotonic (Type A) sheath solutions over sunlit locations. The calculations show that the non-monotonic potential structures are more stable near the terminator region, while both types of potential structures are probable near the equator region for the nominal solar wind plasma. A vertical sheath extension of ∼60 m and ∼12 m is predicted for typical solar wind plasma at the equator corresponding to Type A and Type B sheath, respectively. Under exotic plasma conditions (e.g. Earth’s magnetospheric tail lobe, plasma sheet), non-monotonic solutions become stable for the photoemission-dominated region, and the entire sunlit lunar surface may acquire negative potential.