bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial general control of amino acid synthesis 5 like 1 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development through ferroptosis‐induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Lv Tingting , Xiong Xiaofeng , Yan Wei , Liu Mei , Xu Hongwei , He Qin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMitochondria play central roles in metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, how mitochondria regulate NASH progression remains largely unknown. Our previous findings demonstrate that mitochondrial general control of amino acid synthesis 5 like 1 (GCN5L1) is associated with mitochondrial metabolism. Nevertheless, the roles of GCN5L1 in NASH are unclear.Aims and methodsThe GCN5L1 expression was detected in the fatty livers of NASH patients and animals. Hepatocyte‐specific GCN5L1 deficiency or overexpression mice were used to induce NASH models by feeding with a high‐fat/high‐cholesterol or methionine‐choline deficient diet. The molecular mechanisms underlying GCN5L1‐regulated NASH were further explored and verified in mice.Results and conclusionsGCN5L1 expression was increased in NASH patients. Upregulated GCN5L1 level was also illustrated in NASH mice. Mice with hepatocyte‐specific GCN5L1 conditional knockout improved the inflammatory response compared to GCN5L1flox/flox mice. However, overexpression of mitochondrial GCN5L1 augmented the inflammatory response. Mechanically, GCN5L1 acetylated CypD and enhanced its binding with ATP5B, which induced the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores and the release of mitochondrial ROS into the cytoplasm. The increased ROS promoted ferroptosis of hepatocytes and induced accumulation of high mobility group box 1 in the microenvironment, which recruited neutrophils and induced the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs block impaired GCN5L1‐induced NASH progression. Furthermore, the upregulation of GCN5L1 in NASH was contributed by lipid overload‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, mitochondrial GCN5L1 has a vital function in promoting NASH progression by regulating oxidative metabolism and the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, GCN5L1 might be a potential intervention target in NASH treatment.
CenTauR: Toward a universal scale and masks for standardizing tau imaging studies
Authors: Villemagne Victor L. , Leuzy Antoine , Bohorquez Sandra Sanabria , Bullich Santiago , Shimada Hitoshi , Rowe Christopher C. , Bourgeat Pierrick , Lopresti Brian , Huang Kun , Krishnadas Natasha , Fripp Jurgen , Takado Yuhei , Gogola Alexandra , Minhas Davneet , Weimer Robby , Higuchi Makoto , Stephens Andrew , Hansson Oskar , Doré Vincent ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the AIBL research group
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRecently, an increasing number of tau tracers have become available. There is a need to standardize quantitative tau measures across tracers, supporting a universal scale. We developed several cortical tau masks and applied them to generate a tau imaging universal scale.METHODOne thousand forty‐five participants underwent tau scans with either 18F‐flortaucipir, 18F‐MK6240, 18F‐PI2620, 18F‐PM‐PBB3, 18F‐GTP1, or 18F‐RO948. The universal mask was generated from cognitively unimpaired amyloid beta (Aβ)− subjects and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with Aβ+. Four additional regional cortical masks were defined within the constraints of the universal mask. A universal scale, the CenTauRz, was constructed.RESULTSNone of the regions known to display off‐target signal were included in the masks. The CenTauRz allows robust discrimination between low and high levels of tau deposits.DISCUSSIONWe constructed several tau‐specific cortical masks for the AD continuum and a universal standard scale designed to capture the location and degree of abnormality that can be applied across tracers and across centers. The masks are freely available at https://www.gaain.org/centaur‐project.
Mouse‐cursor trajectories reveal reduced contextual influence on decision conflict during delay discounting in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Bernardoni Fabio , King Joseph A. , Hellerhoff Inger , Schoemann Martin , Seidel Maria , Geisler Daniel , Boehm Ilka , Pauligk Sophie , Doose Arne , Steding Julius , Gramatke Katrin , Roessner Veit , Scherbaum Stefan , Ehrlich Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe capacity of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) to forgo immediate food rewards in their long‐term pursuit of thinness is thought to reflect elevated self‐control and/or abnormal reward sensitivity. Prior research attempted to capture an increased tendency to delay gratification in AN using delay‐discounting tasks that assess how rapidly the subjective value of rewards decreases as a function of time until receipt. However, significant effects were mostly subtle or absent. Here, we tested whether the process leading to such decisions might be altered in AN.MethodWe recorded mouse‐cursor movement trajectories leading to the final choice in a computerized delay‐discounting task (238 trials) in 55 acutely underweight females with AN and pairwise age‐matched female healthy controls (HC). We tested for group differences in deviations from a direct choice path, a measure of conflict strength in decision making, and whether group moderated the effect of several predictors of conflict strength (e.g., choice difficulty, consistency). We also explored reaction times and changes in trajectory directions (X‐flips).ResultsNo group differences in delay‐discounting parameters or movement trajectories were detected. However, the effect of the aforementioned predictors on deviations (and to a lesser extent reaction times) was reduced in AN.DiscussionThese findings suggest that while delay discounting and conflict strength in decision making are generally unaltered in AN, conflict strength was more stable across different decisions in the disorder. This might enable individuals with AN to pursue (maladaptive) long‐term body‐weight goals, because particularly conflicting choices may not be experienced as such.Public SignificanceThe deviations from a direct path of mouse‐cursor movements during a computerized delay‐discounting task varied less in people with anorexia nervosa. Assuming such deviations measure decision conflict, we speculate that this increased stability might help people with anorexia nervosa achieve their long‐term weight goals, as for them the struggle with the decision to eat high‐calorie meals when hungry will be milder, so they would be more likely to skip them.
Institute Feature: CIRCC Italy
Authors: Dibenedetto Angela , Macchioni Alceo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe CIRCC, Interuniversity Consortium on Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis, includes 17 universities and over 75 research units in Italy, with the aim to develop new chemical reactions, new catalytic systems, and their possible industrial applications. This Guest Editorial presents the consortium to EurJIC readers and summarizes the scientific articles that are showcased in the Institute Feature dedicated to CIRCC.
Dingo‐optimization‐based task‐offloading algorithm in multihop V2V/V2I‐enabled networks
Authors: Song Xin , Wang Yu , Xie Zhigang , Zhang Runfeng , Xu Siyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the Vehicle‐to‐Vehicle‐ (V2V) and Vehicle‐to‐Infrastructure‐ (V2I) enabled edge computing networks, the task vehicle may fail to offload tasks to the nodes outside the one‐hop communication with high computing resources, resulting in longer offloading time. Therefore, in this paper, we first construct a multihop V2V/V2I communications‐enabled edge computing architecture, which innovatively adopts vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) task offloading jointly to expand the communication resources of the task vehicle. Then, for the offloading node selection strategy, we create a vehicle adjacency table and propose a quickly depth‐first search‐based scheme to search the optimal multihop path. Finally, we develop an optimal offloading scheme based on the discrete dingo optimization algorithm (DDOA) to solve the task‐processing‐time minimization problem, which can converge quickly and achieve lower task offloading latency. Each dingo in DDOA is designed to choose one of the group attack, persecution, and scavenger strategies to search the solution space and accelerate the convergence of the DDOA by a survival rule. The numerical experimental results reveal that our proposed algorithm can outperform the other algorithms and reduce the delay time by 80% compared with the local scheme.
Hunter‐gatherer diets and activity as a model for health promotion: Challenges, responses, and confirmations
Authors: Konner Melvin , Eaton S. Boyd 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBeginning in 1985, we and others presented estimates of hunter‐gatherer (and ultimately ancestral) diet and physical activity, hoping to provide a model for health promotion. The Hunter‐Gatherer Model was designed to offset the apparent mismatch between our genes and the current Western‐type lifestyle, a mismatch that arguably affects prevalence of many chronic degenerative diseases. The effort has always been controversial and subject to both scientific and popular critiques. The present article (1) addresses eight such challenges, presenting for each how the model has been modified in response, or how the criticism can be rebutted; (2) reviews new epidemiological and experimental evidence (including especially randomized controlled clinical trials); and (3) shows how official recommendations put forth by governments and health authorities have converged toward the model. Such convergence suggests that evolutionary anthropology can make significant contributions to human health.
Association of social vulnerability on survival, treatment, and presentation in oral cavity cancer
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Patel Siddharth , Ye Wenda , Rohde Sarah L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study utilized a population database to investigate how social environments are associated with outcomes including stage at diagnosis, multimodal treatment, and disease‐specific survival for oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas.MethodsRetrospective analysis of adults with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma between 2007 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) registry was performed. The CDC's social vulnerability index (SVI) was used to characterize social vulnerability at the county level. Predictors of disease‐specific survival, stage at diagnosis, and use of multimodal therapy were identified using Cox regression and logistic regression.ResultsOur analysis included 17 043 patients. On adjusted models, patients in the highest SVI quartile (most social vulnerability) exhibited worse disease‐specific survival compared to the lowest quartile (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12–1.37,p < 0.001), and were more likely to be diagnosed at later stages (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.38,p < 0.001) and less likely to receive multimodal therapy (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.99,p = 0.037).ConclusionHigh social vulnerability was associated with worse disease‐specific survival and disease presentation in oral cavity cancer patients.
A Covalent Binding Mode of a Pyrazole‐Based CD38 Inhibitor
Authors: Doyle Kevin , Roberts Maxine , Harvey Jenna , Hewer Richard , Zebisch Matthias , Rangel Victor , Gu Meigang , Wu Yiming , Yang Lichao , Carlton Mark , Dawson Lee , Bürli Roland 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrain concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an important cellular co‐factor, tend to decrease with age and in neurodegeneration. As the NADase cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) significantly contributes to NAD+ consumption, we reasoned that CD38 inhibition may be of therapeutic value for CNS disorders. The new pyrazole compound was designed based on a known CD38 inhibitor and showed good inhibitory potency. Several attempts to co‐crystallise this pyrazole with CD38 and cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) culminated in a high‐resolution X‐ray structure, in which the pyrazolyl group in the new compound formed a covalent bond with one of the ribosyl units of cADPR. This reaction proceeded under retention of configuration and resulted in a neutral ribosyl‐pyrazole conjugate that is embedded within the active site of the enzyme. An analysis of this structural complex gave rise to design principles that enabled the preparation of more potent CD38 inhibitors with drug‐like properties.
Bisphenol A in surface waters in Germany: Part I. Reassessment of sources and emissions pathways for FlowEQ modeling
Authors: Tappert Lars , Bunge Michael , Hoehne Dominik , Dlugi Iris , Fetters Kyle , Fischer Benedikt , Mueller Gerhard , Bock Michael , Gestermann Sven 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) enters the environment through various industrial and consumer-related pathways. Industrial sources include BPA manufacturing and secondary industrial uses such as the manufacturing of polymers and other substances based on or containing BPA. However, secondary sources and emissions to the environment, such as those related to the consumer use of articles containing BPA, may be more important than industrial emissions. Although readily biodegradable, BPA is widely distributed in various environmental compartments and living organisms. It is still not well understood which specific sources and pathways are responsible for releasing BPA into the environment. Therefore, we developed FlowEQ, a coupled flow network and fugacity-based fate and transport model for the assessment of BPA in surface water. The work is divided into two parts. In Part I, inputs needed to support the modeling and model validation were collected. Bisphenol A was measured at 23 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and 21 landfills in Germany. In addition, the BPA content of 132 consumer articles from 27 article classes was analyzed. Bisphenol A concentrations in WWTPs ranged from 0.33 to 910 µg L−1 in influents and from less than 0.01 to 0.65 µg L−1 in effluents, resulting in removal efficiencies of 13%–100%. Average BPA concentrations in landfill leachate ranged from less than 0.01 to approximately 1400 µg L−1. Bisphenol A concentrations measured in consumer articles varied significantly by type, ranging from less than 0.5 µg kg−1 in printing inks up to 1 691 700 µg kg−1 in articles made from recycled polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These concentrations were combined with information on use, leaching, and contact with water to develop estimates of loadings. Together with the results of the FlowEQ modeling presented in Part II, this assessment improves our understanding of the sources and emission pathways of BPA in surface water. The model considers various sources of BPA and can estimate future surface water concentrations of BPA based on changes in use. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:211–225. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Wildlife ecological risk assessment in the 21st century: Promising technologies to assess toxicological effects
Authors: Rattner Barnett A. , Bean Thomas G. , Beasley Val R. , Berny Philippe , Eisenreich Karen M. , Elliott John E. , Eng Margaret L. , Fuchsman Phyllis C. , King Mason D. , Mateo Rafael , Meyer Carolyn B. , O'Brien Jason M. , Salice Christopher J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite advances in toxicity testing and the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for hazard assessment, the ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for terrestrial wildlife (i.e., air-breathing amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) has remained unchanged for decades. While survival, growth, and reproductive endpoints derived from whole-animal toxicity tests are central to hazard assessment, nonstandard measures of biological effects at multiple levels of biological organization (e.g., molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem) have the potential to enhance the relevance of prospective and retrospective wildlife ERAs. Other factors (e.g., indirect effects of contaminants on food supplies and infectious disease processes) are influenced by toxicants at individual, population, and community levels, and need to be factored into chemically based risk assessments to enhance the “eco” component of ERAs. Regulatory and logistical challenges often relegate such nonstandard endpoints and indirect effects to postregistration evaluations of pesticides and industrial chemicals and contaminated site evaluations. While NAMs are being developed, to date, their applications in ERAs focused on wildlife have been limited. No single magic tool or model will address all uncertainties in hazard assessment. Modernizing wildlife ERAs will likely entail combinations of laboratory- and field-derived data at multiple levels of biological organization, knowledge collection solutions (e.g., systematic review, adverse outcome pathway frameworks), and inferential methods that facilitate integrations and risk estimations focused on species, populations, interspecific extrapolations, and ecosystem services modeling, with less dependence on whole-animal data and simple hazard ratios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:725–748. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Vaccination during pregnancy: A golden opportunity to embrace
Authors: Amaral Eliana , Money Deborah , Jamieson Denise , Pasupathy Dharmintra , Aronoff David , Jacobsson Bo , Lizcano Edgar Ivan Ortiz ,   FIGO Committee on Infections During Pregnancy*
Published: July 2023

AbstractImmunization strategies are part of routine pregnancy care to prevent infectious diseases in the mother, the fetus, and the newborn. Maternal immunization recommendations followed the recognition of the consequences of infectious diseases in pregnancy, including vertical transmission and perinatal consequences. The recent COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the issue of vaccination among pregnant individuals. Recommendations vary globally; however, Tdap, influenza, and, recently, COVID‐19 vaccines are routinely recommended during pregnancy. There are several new maternal immunization products in the pipeline, including those directed against malaria, cytomegalovirus, Group B Streptococcus, herpes simplex virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Important challenges must be addressed in all countries to guarantee that pregnant individuals and their babies receive the best care possible, including uptake of recommended immunizations by their entire target population groups. These challenges include disseminating appropriate data for vaccine recommendations and many others, such as ensuring stakeholder endorsement, achieving in‐country distribution and administration, adequate vaccine supply, and a well‐organized healthcare system, ideally offering the immunization free of charge. More recently, the hesitancy of pregnant women to receive immunizations highlights the relevance of cultural aspects and other contextual factors affecting vaccine uptake among pregnant individuals.
Advances in AI‐based cancer cytopathology
Authors: Yang Yan , Guan Shujuan , Ou Zihao , Li Weiqi , Yan Lizhi , Situ Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCytopathological examination plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis as it reflects the cellular pathology of cancer. However, this process traditionally relies on the visual examination by cytopathologists. Recent advancements in computer and digital imaging technologies have enabled the application of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based models to identify tumor cells in images, thereby assisting cytopathologists in achieving enhanced performance. AI‐based models can improve the accuracy and reproducibility of image evaluation and streamline clinical workflows. Moreover, AI‐based models can analyze a diverse range of sample types, including peripheral blood, urine, ascites, and bone marrow. AI‐based cytopathological recognition can help clinicians screen and diagnose cancer, predict prognosis and recurrence of cancers, such as leukemia, cervical cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and gastric cancer. Additionally, AI‐based models can predict the types of mutations in leukemia. A growing number of studies emphasize the potential of computational image analysis and deep learning‐based AI to build novel diagnostic tools that are conducive to the biomedical field. This review describes the recent developments in AI‐based cytopathological recognition and offers a perspective on how AI tools of cytopathology can help improve cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Future developments in AI model applications can further contribute to the improvement of human health.
SIRT3 regulates mitophagy in liver fibrosis through deacetylation of PINK1/NIPSNAP1
Authors: Li Ruixi , Wang Zhecheng , Wang Yue , Sun Ruimin , Zou Boyang , Tian Xinyao , Liu Deshun , Zhao Xuzi , Zhou Junjun , Zhao Yan , Yao Jihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDamaged mitochondria, a key factor in liver fibrosis, can be removed by the mitophagy pathway to maintain homeostasis of the intracellular environment to alleviate the development of fibrosis. PINK1 (PTEN‐induced kinase 1) and NIPSNAP1 (nonneuronal SNAP25‐like protein 1), which cooperatively regulate mitophagy, have been predicted to include the sites of lysine acetylation related to SIRT3 (mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3). Our study aimed to discuss whether SIRT3 deacetylates PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 to regulate mitophagy in liver fibrosis. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis as an in vivo model and LX‐2 cells as activated cells were used to simulate liver fibrosis. SIRT3 expression was significantly decreased in mice in response to CCl4, and SIRT3 knockout in vivo significantly deepened the severity of liver fibrosis, as indicated by increased α‐SMA and Col1a1 levels both in vivo and in vitro. SIRT3 overexpression decreased α‐SMA and Col1a1 levels. Furthermore, SIRT3 significantly regulated mitophagy in liver fibrosis, as demonstrated by LC3‐Ⅱ/Ⅰ and p62 expression and colocalization between TOM20 and LAMP1. Importantly, PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 expression was also decreased in liver fibrosis, and PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 overexpression significantly improved mitophagy and attenuated ECM production. Furthermore, after simultaneously interfering with PINK1 or NIPSNAP1 and overexpressing SIRT3, the effect of SIRT3 on improving mitophagy and alleviating liver fibrosis was disrupted. Mechanistically, we show that SIRT3, as a mitochondrial deacetylase, specifically regulates the acetylation of PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 to mediate the mitophagy pathway in liver fibrosis. SIRT3‐mediated PINK1 and NIPSNAP1 deacetylation is a novel molecular mechanism in liver fibrosis.