bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ITCZ Poleward Location Bias on ENSO Seasonal Phase-Locking Simulation in Climate Models
Authors: Liao Huaxia , Cai Zhichao , Guo Jingsong , Song Zhenya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most influential interannual climate variability on Earth. The tendency of the mature phase of ENSO, characterized by the strongest sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, to appear during the boreal winter is known as seasonal phase locking. Climate models are challenged by biases in simulating ENSO seasonal phase locking. Here, we evaluated the ENSO phase-locking simulation performance in 50 models of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and found that the models with the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) poleward bias tended to simulate more ENSO events that peaked out of the boreal winter season. The contributions of the ITCZ poleward bias to the ENSO phase-locking bias were also evaluated, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.55, which can explain approximately 30% of the ENSO seasonal phase-locking bias. The mechanism that influences the simulation of ENSO seasonal phase locking was also assessed. The ITCZ poleward bias induces a dry bias over the equatorial Pacific, especially during the boreal summer. During ENSO events, the meridional movement of the ITCZ is prevented, and the equatorial precipitation and convection anomalies that respond to ENSO events are also restrained. The restrained convection anomaly weakens the ENSO-related zonal wind anomaly, triggering a weaker eastern tropical Pacific thermocline anomaly during the following autumn. The weakened thermocline anomaly cannot sustain further development of ENSO-related SST anomalies. Therefore, ENSO events in models containing the ITCZ poleward bias are restrained during the boreal summer and autumn and, thus, tend to peak out of the winter season.

Significance Statement
We aimed to better understand the mechanism that induces bias when simulating ENSO seasonal phase locking, that is, what disturbs the simulated ENSO events peaking during the boreal winter. As previous studies have primarily focused on the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) bias and other biases, this study is the first to propose the effects of the poleward ITCZ latitude bias and clarify the corresponding mechanism. We show that latitudinal bias can explain approximately 30% of the ENSO seasonal phase-locking bias. This is important because the biases in simulating ENSO seasonal phase locking have long hampered the prediction of ENSO. Our study highlights the importance of the latitude of the ITCZ and provides a basis for the future development of climate models.
Lightning-Based Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Guidance
Authors: Slocum Christopher J. , Knaff John A. , Stevenson Stephanie N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With several seasons of Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) data, this work revisits incorporating lightning observations into operational tropical cyclone rapid intensification guidance. GLM provides freely available, real-time lightning data over the central and eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. A long-term lightning dataset is needed to use GLM in a statistical–dynamical operational application to capture the relationship between lightning and the rare occurrence of rapid intensification. This work uses the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) dataset from 2005 to 2017 to develop lightning-based predictors for rapid intensification guidance models. The models mimic the operational Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme Rapid Intensification Index and Rapid Intensification Prediction Aid frameworks. The frameworks are averaged to form a consensus as a means to isolate the impact of the lightning predictors. Two configurations for lightning predictors are assessed: a spatial configuration with 0–100-km inner core and 200–300-km rainband area for the preceding 6-h predictors and a temporal configuration with an inner core only for the preceding 0–1, 0–6, and 6–12 h. When tested on the 2018–21 seasons, the temporal configuration adds skill primarily to the 12–48-h forecasts when compared to the no-lightning version and rapid intensification operational consensus. When WWLLN is replaced with GLM, minor changes to the prediction are observed suggesting that this approach is suitable for operational applications and provides a new baseline for tropical cyclone lightning-based rapid intensification aids.

Significance Statement
The forecasting of rare, yet critical, tropical cyclone rapid intensification events continues to be challenging. The current operational tools to anticipate rapid intensity changes use a combination of numerical weather prediction–derived environmental conditions and satellite-based cloud top temperature variations of deep convection. Here, we use freely available Geostationary Lightning Mapper data, which provide independent information about convection, in similar intensity guidance frameworks using temporal and spatial aspects of lightning variability. Our results show an improvement in short-term (12–48 h) rapid intensification forecasts by using temporal lightning information, and our investigation highlights that users of Geostationary Lightning Mapper lightning information should be cognizant of the influence and impact of land on these observations.
Climate Change Impacts on Subsistence Paddy Farming on the Indian East Coast: A Geospatial and Community Perception Assessment
Authors: Kundu Anirban , Mukhopadhyay Sayani , Basu Parthiba 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The impact of climate change on subsistence agriculture is a major concern in the developing world. The vulnerability of the coastal regions to climate change has been highlighted, in particular. The present study assessed the impact of climate change on subsistence rice farming on the eastern Indian coast using an integrated approach of statistical trend analysis by the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimation of climate data and remote sensing–based land-cover analyses using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and land surface temperature (LST) complemented by a questionnaire-based perception survey among the farming community. There has been a noticeable change in both ambient temperature and LST in the region. The delayed arrival of the monsoon critically impacts the cropping calendar. The crop harvest season has shifted farther into a time of the year that is prone to weather extremes. Analyses of NDVI and NDWI also indicate a shift in the cropping calendar. Over the years, there was an increasing degree of negative correlation between LST and NDVI in November, which indicates increasing water stress for crops in that time juncture. This may further cause crop sterility and yield loss. The study also reveals large-scale conversion of paddy-growing agricultural land into prawn aquaculture ponds. Farmers attributed such land-use change to cultivation stress caused by the delayed monsoon and consequent crop loss from weather extremes and changes in crop agronomic conditions. Farmers also report increased pest attacks and attribute that to an increasing temperature regime.
Occupational performance in Huntington’s disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Simón-Vicente Lucía , Cuesta-García César , Rivadeneyra-Posadas Jéssica , Mariscal Natividad , Aguado Laura , Miguel-Pérez Irene , Saiz-Rodríguez Miriam , García-Bustillo Álvaro , Muñoz-Siscart Ignacio , Piñeiro Dolores , Cubo Esther 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders. These symptoms cause functional limitations in occupational performance. This study aimed to describe the difficulties in self-care, productivity, and leisure activities and to analyze the patients’ own perception and satisfaction and the association with sex, age, disability, HD severity, and quality of life. Method: We conducted an observational, retrospective study in 38 patients with HD without cognitive impairment at the Burgos University Hospital. We assessed occupational performance, quality of life, and HD severity with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Short-Form Health Survey 12, Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale, Total Functional Capacity, and the Problems Behavior Assessment. Results: One hundred sixty-five occupations (median 4, range 2–7) were categorized as self-care (50.90%), leisure (30.30%), and productivity (18.79%). Patients reported a higher degree of satisfaction with the activities prioritized than with the degree of performance. Elderly HD patients reported more satisfaction in leisure and women in self-care. Self-ratings of satisfaction in productivity were associated with higher levels of mental wellbeing. Conclusions: HD patients have problems with their daily life occupations, particularly with self-care. This underlines the need for assessment tools that capture the complexity of occupations.
Identification of an immune-related genes signature to predict risk of recurrence for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hong Xiu , Li Yang , Lv Qian , An Jun , Liu Ying , Wang Xiuli , Li Rui , Hu Yuqiang , Liu Bing 
Published: April 2023

Objective Numerous studies indicate that immune-related genes (IRGs) are closely related to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We aimed to establish a robust IRGs-based signature to predict risk of recurrence for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods Gene expression profiles were acquired to select differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs) between tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore the biological roles of DEIRGs in LSCC. Univariate Cox analyses and LASSO regression model were used to construct a IRGs-based signature with the ability to predict recurrence for LSCC patients. Results A total of 272 DEIRGs were identified, of which 20 DEIRGs were significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Subsequently, we constructed an eleven-IRGs signature that could classify patients into high-risk or low-risk groups in TCGA-LSCC training cohort. Patients in high-risk groups suffered from shorter RFS (log-rank p = 9.69E−06). Besides, the recurrence rate of high-risk group was significantly higher than that of low-risk group (41.1% vs. 13.7%; Fisher’s exact test p < 0.001). The predictive performance was validated in an independent cohort (GSE27020, log-rank p = 1.43E-03). Person correlation analysis showed that the risk scores calculated by eleven-IRGs signature were significantly associated with filtrating immune cells. Furthermore, three immune checkpoint molecules were significantly over-expressed in the high-risk group. Conclusion Our findings for the first time constructed a robust IRGs-based signature to precisely predict risk of recurrence and further provided a deeper understanding of IRGs regulatory mechanism in LSCC pathogenesis.
Using the UPLC-QTOF-MS Fingerprinting Coupled with Clustering Analysis to Verify the Quality Control of Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim
Authors: Song Daoguang , Guo Jiaxin , Li Dingai , Zheng Xuan , Han Hongping , Chen Zhi 
Published: April 2023

Background: A method is proposed as follows to establish the ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) fingerprinting and content determination for Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. (FPM). Materials and Methods: The separation was developed using an Acquity UPLC CSH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm). The gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile solution with 0.1% acetic acid (containing 0.01 mol L−1 ammonium acetate) as the mobile phase, with the flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1, column temperature of 30°C, and injection volume of 2 µL. Fourteen batches of samples were analyzed under the above chromatographic conditions to ascertain the fingerprint of FPM sourced in different areas. A total of 45 common peaks were selected for analysis. Two chromatographic peaks were identified by comparison with the standard compound, and simultaneous content determination of the two compounds was carried out. These two compounds were identified as two alkaloids, peiminine and peimisine. SPSS 25.0 and SIMCA 14.1 were used for cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on the peak area of the 45 common peaks of FPM. Results: Results from this showed that samples sourced from different regions could be successfully divided into three groups based on their origin. The contents of peiminine and peimisine in different batches of FPM ranged from 57.92 to 76.01 µg/g and 118.12 to 167.39 µg/g. A quick and convenient identification using UPLC fingerprinting combined with PCA was then established to differentiate among FPM samples from different growing regions. Conclusion: This method may prove to be helpful for the quality evaluation and control of FPM and related medicinal plants in the future.
Correlation between flat foot and patellar instability in adolescents and analysis of related risk factors
Authors: He Haiyang , Liu Wei , Teraili Aihelamu , Wang Xue , Wang Chenwei 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Flatfoot and patellar instability are both developmental limb deformities that occur frequently in adolescents. A high number of patients with both diseases can be seen in clinic, and there are no studies showing a correlation between the two. The goal of this study is to investigate the association between developmental patellar instability and flat feet in adolescents and its associated risk factors. Methods This experiment uses a cross-sectional study to select 74 adolescent patients with flat foot from a randomly selected middle school in this city since December 2021 and obtain relevant data. SPSS26.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used for analysis. p < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. Results A total of 74 people (40 men and 34 women) were included in this study. The correlation coefficients between Meary angle, Pitch angle, calcaneal valgus angle, CSI, BMI, and Beighton scores and knee joint Q angle are 0.358 ( p < 0.01), −0.312 ( p < 0.01), 0.403 ( p < 0.01), 0.596 ( p < 0.01), 0.427 ( p < 0.01), and 0.293 ( p < 0.05), respectively, indicating that flat foot, overweight, and Beighton scores are all correlated with Q angle. The correlation coefficients between Meary angle, Pitch angle, calcaneal valgus angle, CSI, and BMI were 0.431 ( p < 0.01), −0.399 ( p < 0.01), 0.319 ( p < 0.01), and 0.563 ( p < 0.01), respectively, indicating a correlation between flat foot and BMI. The correlation coefficients between Meary’s angle, Pitch’s angle, calcaneal valgus angle, CSI, and Beighton’s score were 0.207 ( p > 0.05), −0.240 ( p < 0.05), 0.204 ( p > 0.05), and 0.413 ( p < 0.01), respectively, indicating a correlation between flat foot and Beighton’s score. Conclusion We believe that there is a significant correlation between adolescent flatfoot and patellar instability. Excessive weight and ligamental laxity during adolescent development are among the risk factors for flatfoot and patellar instability.
Parental Perception of Oral Health and Oral Health Status of Pediatric Patients Attending an Urban Craniofacial Center
Authors: DeJonge Lydia , Kratunova Evelina , Wang Heng , Patel Pravin , Avenetti David , Alrayyes Sahar 
Published: April 2023

Objective The objectives of this study were to assess the oral health status and parental perception of oral health needs of pediatric patients in an urban Craniofacial Center. Design This research utilized a prospective cross-sectional matched study design. The data was collected prospectively via clinical oral examinations measuring dental caries experience and gingival health status. Parental perception of oral health was assessed through a validated questionnaire. Setting The study was conducted at a Pediatric Dentistry Department and Craniofacial Center (CFC) in a large urban American city. Patients/Participants Participants were recruited and enrolled from a CFC and Pediatric Dental Clinic. Main Outcome Measure(s) The outcome measures were the oral health status and parental perception thereof. Results CFC patients’ caries experience in primary teeth was significantly lower than that of a healthy matched cohort, but statistically similar in permanent teeth. CFC patients had significantly higher unmet dental treatment needs. CFC patients had poor oral hygiene and were shown to have significantly higher plaque levels and worse gingival health than that of a healthy matched cohort. Parental perception of oral health did not show a statistically significantly difference between the two groups. Conclusions Patients in our study in an urban CFC were found to have a high unmet dental and poor oral hygiene. Despite the poor oral health status, parents of children with craniofacial anomalies did perceive their oral health as different from a matched cohort of patients without these conditions.
Brigatinib-associated autoimmune hepatitis: A case report
Authors: Buyuksimsek Mahmut , Ogul Ali , Yetisir Abdullah Evren , Duman Berna Bozkurt , Tohumcuoglu Mert , Cil Timucin , Koseci Tolga , Kidi Mehmet Mutlu , Sumbul Hilmi Erdem 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Brigatinib is a next-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor that targets a wide variety of ALK mutations and ROS1 rearrangements. While pancreatic enzyme elevations due to brigatinib are well known, we wanted to present a case that caused liver toxicity. Case report ALK and ROS1 translocations were detected in a 58-year-old patient diagnosed with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. In the patient who had a good response with brigatinib, more than 5-fold elevation was detected in liver enzymes at the fifth month of treatment. Management & outcome After excluding other hepatitis factors, the patient was thought to have autoimmune hepatitis, and methylprednisolone was started and liver enzymes were decreased. Discussion Increased creatine kinase and lipase levels are common side effects associated with brigatinib, while liver toxicity is rare. Autoimmune hepatitis due to brigatinib was considered because of hepatic toxicity that developed in the fifth month of treatment and responded well to steroids.
Myopic macular schisis: Insights into distinct morphological subtypes and novel biomechanical hypothesis
Authors: Al-Sheikh Mayss , Govetto Andrea , Phasukkijwatana Nopasak , Matteucci Martina , Repetto Rodolfo , Romano Mario R , Virgili Gianni , Zweifel Sandrine , Barthelmes Daniel , Bailey Freund K , Sadda SriniVas R , Sarraf David 
Published: April 2023

Purpose To analyze the features of myopic macular schisis (MMS) in different retinal layers and to explore the role of Müller cells in the pathophysiology of such condition. Methods Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of myopic eyes with staphyloma and macular schisis were reviewed. The morphological features of MMS were analyzed and correlated with their geographical location in the parafoveal and perifoveal region. A biomechanical model was adopted to explain MMS morphological differences. The effect of the different schisis subtypes with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was also explored. Results A total of 36 eyes from 26 patients were included in this study. MMS was classified into inner, middle and outer retinal subtypes. The prevalence of middle retinal schisis was significantly lower in the parafovea, within a central 3 mm-diameter circle (p < 0.001) centered at the fovea . The prevalence of inner retinal schisis was significantly higher outside the central 3-mm diameter circle, in the perifoveal region (p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the prevalence of outer retinal schisis for these two locations (p = 0.475). The presence of middle retinal schisis within the central 3-mm diameter circle showed a weak association with lower BCVA (p = 0.058). The presence of outer retinal schisis within the central 3-mm diameter circle was significantly related with lower BCVA (p = 0.024). Conclusion Three major forms of MMS are distinguished: inner, middle and outer retinal schisis. This classification may have clinical importance as only the outer grade of schisis was associated with vision loss.
Multiple sclerosis, disease-modifying drugs and risk for adverse perinatal and pregnancy outcomes: Results from a population-based cohort study
Authors: Fink Katharina , Gorczyca Agnes , Alping Peter , Englund Simon , Farmand Susan , Langer-Gould Annette M , Piehl Fredrik , McKay Kyla , Frisell Thomas , Razaz Neda 
Published: April 2023

Background: There is a paucity of information on maternal multiple sclerosis (MS) and risk of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between MS and risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women with MS. In women with MS, the influence of exposure to disease-modifying therapy (DMT) was also investigated. Methods: Population-based retrospective cohort study on singleton births to mothers with MS and matched MS-free mothers from the general population in Sweden between 2006 and 2020. Women with MS were identified through Swedish health care registries, with MS onset before child’s birth. Results: Of 29,568 births included, 3418 births were to 2310 mothers with MS. Compared with MS-free controls, maternal MS was associated with increased risks of elective caesarean sections, instrumental delivery, maternal infection and antepartum haemorrhage/ placental abruption. Compared with offspring of MS-free women, neonates of mothers with MS were at increased risks of medically indicated preterm birth and being born small for gestational age. DMT exposure was not associated with increased risks of malformations. Conclusions: While maternal MS was associated with a small increased risk of few adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, DMT exposure close to pregnancy was not associated with major adverse outcomes.
Chinese diaspora caregivers’ experiences in dementia care in high-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Yujing , Xiao Lily , Wang Jing 
Published: April 2023

Background Chinese diaspora caregivers in high-income countries make up a large proportion of the ethnic population and usually experience significant challenges in the care of their family members with dementia. Aim The aims of this systematic review were to gain deep insights into Chinese diaspora caregivers’ experiences and factors contributing to their experiences in the care of family members living with dementia in high-income countries. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) meta-aggregative approach to qualitative studies was applied to this systematic review. The review also followed the PRISMA guidelines and was informed by the Life Course Theory. Six English databases were searched between August 2020 and September 2020. Results In total, 330 articles were screened and 16 were included in the review. The number of caregivers included in these studies was 365 across four countries. Four synthesised findings with sub-themes were identified from studies reviewed. These synthesised findings were described as: (1) motivations to take on the caregiving role; (2) receiving limited dementia care education; (3) factors affecting access and use of care services; and (4) experiencing multifaced challenges. Conclusion Dementia care policies need to address disparities between caregiver support for the mainstream group and Chinese diaspora caregivers. Dementia education and care services need to consider the positive impact that filial piety and Confucianism have on Chinese diaspora caregivers and empower them to use their strengths. Dementia care services need to be culturally adapted to meet this care group’s needs, preferences and expectations.