bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical gel containing Polysiloxanes and hyaluronic acid for skin scar: Formulation design, characterization, and In vivo activity
Authors: Alam Md. Shoaib , Ansari Arif , Ahsan Iftikhar , Shafiq‐un‐Nabi Sheikh , Md Shadab , Shaik Rasheed A. , Eid Basma G. , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Ahmad Javed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundScar formation is undesirable both cosmetically and functionally. It shows that silicone gel is effective in preventing and improving scars formed due to a wound formation after injury.ObjectivesThis study investigates whether a silicone gel composition based on a novel concept of infusing a biologically active material such as hyaluronic acid and/or salts with various polysiloxane derivatives in a specific proportion to achieve desired viscosity range and their action has a synergistic beneficial effect on skin scar after injury.MethodsWe have developed a topical gel utilizing a combination of emulsifiers, sodium hyaluronate, polysiloxane, and its derivatives. The method of preparation comprises mixing of aqueous phase dispersion and polysiloxanes blend under stirring at room temperature.ResultsIt results in the formation of a homogenous smooth gel formulation. The developed topical gel formulation was characterized for physicochemical properties, rheology, stability, and anti‐scar activity in Wistar rats. It was found that the developed formulation system consists of desirable attributes for skin applications. In vivo investigation of developed polysiloxane gel formulation for anti‐scar activity shown promising outcomes compared to marketed product (Kelo‐cote scar gel). Furthermore, a histopathology study of healed skin tissues observed the formation of microscopic skin structures compared to the Kelo‐cote scar gel.ConclusionsIt indicates that the combination of polysiloxanes and sodium hyaluronate resulting an improvement in anti‐scar activity compared to the marketed product containing polysiloxanes alone.
Analysis of images supplied by Skincam® can record the changes of some scar features that occur over time. Comparisons with the assessments of dermatologist and patients' perception
Authors: Maudet Aurelie , Le Bec Jessica , Flament Frederic , Mirassou Laureen , Caron Johanna , Negre Caroline , Delaunay Caroline , Balooch Guive , Jang Eunjoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to assess in vivo the validity of a new imaging device in quantifying the scarring process over time and to compare its data with the expertise of dermatologist and patients' self‐appraisals.Materials and MethodsA total of 37 Korean women, aged 20–50 year, with closed scars of different types, were enrolled after a dermatological evaluation. All subjects applied daily a hydrating cream on their scars for 2 months. Images of scars at different times (Day 0, Day 28, and Day 56) were taken and further analyzed, yielding various parameters such as color, luminance, size, volume, and depth of each scar. A dermatologist visually graded, at each time point, the clinical aspect of the scar, and patients were asked to answer to some questions dealing with their self‐examination of their scar.ResultsThe changes in some scar features that occurred during the application period were quantified and statistically differed from the D0 baseline value. Scars became of reduced size, lighter (Increased luminance), less red, less deep, and less voluminous. Some of these parameters (volume, lightness, smoothness, texture regularity) were statistically different at D28 whereas some others (area, depth, redness) showed significant changes at D56. Dermatologist expertise and patients' assessments were in high agreement.ConclusionThis methodological approach that uses a dedicated camera associated with image analysis, despite some inherent limits (size of the scar), appears as a valuable aid to surgeons in the management of scars, in the follow‐up of a given procedure or treatment. Beyond scar management, this approach may be extended to other skin disorders such as acne.
A comparative clinico‐dermoscopic study of intralesional injection of combined digoxin and furosemide, Candida antigen, and vitamin D3 for multiple warts
Authors: Nasr Mohamed , Abdelaty Sara , Elkholy Basma M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmunostimulatory and antiproliferative therapies have been widely used for the treatment of multiple warts. Recently, anti‐HPV activity of ionic contra viral therapy (ICVT) which is comprised of combined digoxin and furosemide has been demonstrated.AimTo evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of intralesional injection of Candida antigen, vitamin D3, and combined digoxin and furosemide in the treatment of multiple warts.Patients and MethodsSeventy‐five patients with numerous warts were randomly assigned to one of three equal groups: Candida antigen, vitamin D3, or a combination of digoxin and furosemide. In the Candida antigen group, injections into the biggest wart were done. In the vitamin D3 and combined digoxin/furosemide groups, the agent was injected into each wart with a maximum of five injected warts. Injections were repeated every 2 weeks until clearance or for a total of five sessions.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in the overall therapeutic response among the studied groups in favor of the intralesional Candida antigen group (60%), followed by the vitamin D3 group (48%) and the ionic contraviral therapy group (28%) (p = 0.02). However, the difference between both Candida antigen and vitamin D groups was not significant (p = 0.59).ConclusionsIntralesional Candida antigen immunotherapy and vitamin D3 antiproliferative therapy are significantly more effective than ICVT.LimitationsShort follow‐up period and relatively small sample size.
Microwave‐assisted and chemically tailored chlorogenic acid‐functionalized silver nanoparticles of Citrus sinensis in gel matrix aiding QbD design for the treatment of acne
Authors: Alam Aftab , Foudah Ahmed I. , Alqarni Mohammed H. , Yusufoglu Hasan S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have shown that various products of Citrus sinensis, for example, crude extracts, essential oil, and purified components, possess anti‐acne properties. However, the development of chlorogenic acid‐functionalized silver nanoparticles of C. sinensis in gel matrix aiding QbD design has not been evaluated for acne treatment.AimIn this study, we have developed chlorogenic acid‐functionalized silver nanoparticles of C. sinensis in a gel matrix employing a QbD approach for acne treatment.Material and MethodCitrus sinensis extract‐loaded silver nanoparticles were functionalized with chlorogenic acid, which acted as a bio‐reducing agent and further improved anti‐acne properties. The developed formulation was optimized via Box‐Behnken Design. The formulation morphology was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The release profile of C. sinensis extract formulation was assessed by an in vitro release study and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Moreover, the characterization study of the gel was performed that included an evaluation of the extrudability and spreadability of the developed gel. Furthermore, the anti‐oxidant efficacy of AgN‐CA formulation was validated using the DPPH test.ResultsThe results showed a particle size of 71.78 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.297, a zeta potential of −36.12 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 79.42% ± 6.79%. The results also indicated a uniform particle size. The release profile of C. sinensis extract revealed that 73.95% of the drug was released, whereas CLSM pictures of mice skin evidently demonstrated that the rhodamine B‐treated AgN‐CA gel penetrated much more extensively in comparison to the control. Furthermore, the anti‐oxidant efficacy of AgN‐CA formulation was validated using the DPPH test. Moreover, the characterization study of the developed gel, including its extrudability and spreadability, was found to be 16.02 ± 3.21 g and 30.73 ± 5.94 g cm/s, respectively. Also, texture analysis findings revealed that AgN‐CA gel had firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and viscosity index of 159.69 g, 634.95 g s, −116.33 g, and −501.80 g s, respectively, indicating that the AgN‐CA gel was stable.ConclusionThe current study showed that AgN‐CA is an effective drug carrier system for the topical administration of C. sinensis extract for the treatment of acne.
The effect of aromatase inhibitor on controlled ovarian stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation in adolescent and young cancer patients
Authors: Suzuki Reiko , Horage‐Okutsu Yuki , Kawahara Tai , Nakamura Kentaro , Shiraishi Eriko , Iwahata Hideyuki , Suzuki‐Takahashi Yuki , Sugishita Yodo , Takae Seido , Suzuki Nao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the impact of aromatase inhibitor (AI) use in oocyte cryopreservation among Japanese adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients for fertility preservation, we evaluated the oocyte cryopreservation outcomes following AI therapy in combination with the follicular phase start (FPS) and random start (RS) protocols.MethodsThis retrospective study included 81 cycles of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) among 73 AYA patients with cancer who underwent oocyte cryopreservation to maintain fertility. The outcome measures were the total number of matured oocytes that were retrieved and cryopreserved, as well as their maturation rates. The AI (+) and AI (−) groups were compared using the RS and FPS protocols.ResultsOur results showed that the combined use of AI and COS decreases serum E2 levels and maintains the number of retrieved and cryopreserved mature oocytes. We also confirmed the efficacy of the RS protocol, which was found to have comparable outcomes to that of the FPS protocol in both AI (+) and AI (−) groups.ConclusionThe combined use of AI and COS is beneficial for oocyte cryopreservation in patients with estrogen‐sensitive cancer, regardless of the menstrual cycle phase of COS initiation.
“Kill the chicken to scare the monkey”: Heavy penalties, excessive COVID‐19 control mechanisms, and legal consciousness in China
Authors: Liu Qian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study analyses the legal consciousness of Chinese citizens during the COVID‐19 pandemic when the authoritarian state invoked heavy penalties to deter noncompliance with its excessive COVID‐19 restrictions. China used the approach of “killing the chicken to scare the monkey,” publicly punishing those who violated restrictions in order to deter noncompliance. This article explains why ordinary citizens supported this selective application of the law, as well as how the possibility of being the “chicken” contributed to their compliance (or noncompliance) with excessive COVID‐19 restrictions. It suggests that the uncertainty and unpredictability of law in the authoritarian state bred fear, which then led to compliance, regardless of the lack of procedural fairness. People's dissatisfaction with the rules, however, led them to tolerate and even support the noncompliance of people they trusted.
Residents as supervisors: How senior residents make ad hoc entrustment decisions
Authors: Nelson Kayla , McQuillan Sarah , Gingerich Andrea , Regehr Glenn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs residency programmes transition to competency‐based medical education, there has been substantial inquiry into understanding how ad hoc entrustment decisions are made by attending supervisors in the clinical context. However, although attendings are ultimately responsible for the decisions and actions of resident trainees, senior residents are often the ones directly supervising junior residents enrolled in competency‐based training programmes. This clinical dynamic has been largely overlooked in the ad hoc entrustment literature. The purpose of this study was to explore the considerations senior residents entertain when making ad hoc entrustment decisions for their junior resident colleagues.MethodsIn semi‐structured interviews, 11 senior resident supervisors (third, fourth and fifth year) in obstetrics and gynaecology described how they entrust junior residents with clinical activities in the moment. Following constructivist grounded theory methodology, data were iteratively collected and coded with constant comparison until theoretical sufficiency was determined.ResultsSenior residents described many similar considerations as attendings regarding ad hoc entrustment of junior residents, including patient safety, desire to optimise the learning environment, junior resident qualities (such as discernment and communication skills), learner handover from colleagues, and situational factors. Uniquely, senior residents discussed how their role as a middle manager and their desire to protect the junior resident (from burnout, becoming a second victim and from attendings) impacts their decisions.ConclusionsAlthough senior residents make ad hoc entrustment decisions with some similar considerations to attendings, they also seem to think about additional factors. It may be that these different considerations need to be accommodated in documentation of ad hoc entrustment decisions if these documents are to be used for high‐stakes summative entrustment decisions made by competency committees.
Galactomannan utilization by Cellvibrio japonicus relies on a single essential α‐galactosidase encoded by the aga27A gene
Authors: Novak Jessica K. , Gardner Jeffrey G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlant mannans are a component of lignocellulose that can have diverse compositions in terms of its backbone and side‐chain substitutions. Consequently, the degradation of mannan substrates requires a cadre of enzymes for complete reduction to substituent monosaccharides that can include mannose, galactose, and/or glucose. One bacterium that possesses this suite of enzymes is the Gram‐negative saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus, which has 10 predicted mannanases from the Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) families 5, 26, and 27. Here we describe a systems biology approach to identify and characterize the essential mannan‐degrading components in this bacterium. The transcriptomic analysis uncovered significant changes in gene expression for most mannanases, as well as many genes that encode carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) when mannan was actively being degraded. A comprehensive mutational analysis characterized 54 CAZyme‐encoding genes in the context of mannan utilization. Growth analysis of the mutant strains found that the man26C, aga27A, and man5D genes, which encode a mannobiohydrolase, α‐galactosidase, and mannosidase, respectively, were important for the deconstruction of galactomannan, with Aga27A being essential. Our updated model of mannan degradation in C. japonicus proposes that the removal of galactose sidechains from substituted mannans constitutes a crucial step for the complete degradation of this hemicellulose.
Understanding local plant extinctions before it is too late: bridging evolutionary genomics with global ecology
Authors: Exposito‐Alonso Moi 
Published: January 2023

SummaryUnderstanding evolutionary genomic and population processes within a species range is key to anticipating the extinction of plant species before it is too late. However, most models of biodiversity risk under global change do not account for the genetic variation and local adaptation of different populations. Population diversity is critical to understanding extinction because different populations may be more or less susceptible to global change and, if lost, would reduce the total diversity within a species. Two new modeling frameworks advance our understanding of extinction from a population and evolutionary angle: Rapid climate change‐driven disruptions in population adaptation are predicted from associations between genomes and local climates. Furthermore, losses of population diversity from global land‐use transformations are estimated by scaling relationships of species' genomic diversity with habitat area. Overall, these global eco‐evolutionary methods advance the predictability – and possibly the preventability – of the ongoing extinction of plant species.
Examining need and capacity for the development of a pediatric liver transplantation program in Kenya
Authors: Muncner Susan , Dell Angela J. , Mwita Clifford , Bigam David , Saleh Abdullah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Africa, pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is currently only performed in Egypt and South Africa, leaving those who require treatment in Kenya to travel abroad. The aim of this study was to determine whether sufficient capacity and need exists in Kenya to establish a safe and sustainable PLT program.MethodsA descriptive analysis of the intensive care unit (ICU) beds, surgical workforce, current hepatobiliary volume, and estimated prevalence of pediatric liver disease (PLD) was conducted across 17 hospitals in Kenya between July and September 2020. Data were collected from medical superintendents, directors of surgical departments, or nominated proxies at Kenyan Level 5 and 6 hospitals via a web‐based survey.ResultsA total of 165 ICU beds were reported at 17 facilities, with 15 facilities reporting five or more beds. About 39% of general surgeons at responding hospitals performed hepatobiliary procedures, and 30% performed pediatric surgeries. Only 10% of surgeons had pediatric training. Over half (57%) of hospitals performed hepatobiliary procedures; at the maximum, 1–5 cases were performed per week including cholecystectomy to Kasai portoenterostomy and hepatectomy. Across 13 hospitals, there were an estimated 192–570 cases of PLD seen per month. The most common PLDs were hepatitis B, neonatal hepatitis, cirrhosis, and acute hepatic failure. Overall, two hospitals possessed the minimum workforce and resources to attempt PLT.ConclusionsIn Kenya, ICU bed availability, pediatric surgical training, and hepatobiliary volume are limited. However, the high prevalence of PLD demonstrated a significant need for PLT across all Kenyan hospitals.
Dental trauma in children and adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Drumond Victor Zanetti , de Oliveira Thaynara Nascimento , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Abreu Lucas Guimarães 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by inattention and hyperactivity that affects approximately 7.2% of children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to assess whether children and adolescents with ADHD were more likely to have dental trauma when compared to their healthy peers.MethodsThis study was reported following the statements proposed in MOOSE (Meta‐analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, APA PsycINFO, LILACS, and grey literature were searched until October 2022. Observational studies with a control group were eligible. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The meta‐analysis was performed using the R language. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was applied.ResultsA total of 239 studies were detected; of these, six were included in the qualitative synthesis and four were merged in the meta‐analysis (OR = 1.80 [1.16–2.80]; I2 = 18.6% [0.0%–87.5%]). The risk of bias was high. The strength of the evidence was “very low.”ConclusionChildren and adolescents with ADHD are more likely to have dental trauma than their non‐ADHD peers. However, due to limitations in the design of the included studies, a causal relationship cannot be established.
Understanding maternity care providers’ use of data in Southern Tanzania
Authors: Unkels Regine , Alwy Al-Beity Fadhlun , Julius Zamoyoni , Mkumbo Elibariki , Pembe Andrea B , Hanson Claudia , Molsted-Alvesson Helle 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionHealth information management system data is collected for national planning and evaluation but is rarely used for healthcare improvements at subnational or facility-level in low-and-middle-income countries. Research suggests that perceived data quality and lack of feedback are contributing factors. We aimed to understand maternity care providers’ perceptions of data and how they use it, with a view to co-design interventions to improve data quality and use.MethodsWe based our research on constructivist grounded theory. We conducted 14 in-depth interviews, two focus group discussions with maternity care providers and 48 hours of observations in maternity wards to understand maternity providers’ interaction with data in two rural hospitals in Southern Tanzania. Constant comparative data analysis was applied to develop initial and focused codes, subcategories and categories were continuously validated through peer and member checks.ResultsMaternity care providers found routine health information data of little use to reconcile demands from managers, the community and their challenging working environment within their daily work. They thus added informal narrative documentation sources. They created alternative narratives through data of a maternity care where mothers and babies were safeguarded. The resulting documentation system, however, led to duplication and increased systemic complexity.ConclusionsCurrent health information systems may not meet all data demands of maternity care providers, or other healthcare workers. Policy makers and health information system specialists need to acknowledge different ways of data use beyond health service planning, with an emphasis on healthcare providers’ data needs for clinical documentation.
SOBRINA Spanish study—analysing the frequency, cost and adverse events
associated with overuse in primary care: protocol for a retrospective cohort
study
Authors: Mira José Joaquín , Carrillo Irene , Gea Velázquez de Castro María Teresa , Silvestre Carmen , Olivera Guadalupe , Caro-Mendivelso Johanna , Pérez-Pérez Pastora , Agra Yolanda , Fernández Ana Mª , Aranaz-Andrés Jesús Maria 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Several institutions and quality national agencies have fostered the
creation of recommendations on what not to do to reduce overuse in
clinical practice. In primary care, their impact has hardly been
studied. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with doing
what must not be done has not been analysed, either. The aim of this
study is to measure the frequency of overuse and AEs associated with
doing what must not be done (commission errors) in primary care and
their cost.

Methods and analysis
A coordinated, multicentric, national project. A retrospective
cohort study using computerised databases of primary care medical
records from national agencies and regional health services will be
conducted to analyse the frequency of the overuse due to ignore the
do-not-do recommendations, and immediately afterwards, depending on
their frequency, a representative random sample of medical records will
be reviewed with algorithms (triggers) that determine the frequency of
AEs associated with these recommendations. Cost will determine by
summation of the direct costs due to the consultation, pharmacy,
laboratory and imaging activities according to the cases.

Ethics and dissemination
The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of
Primary Care Research of the Valencian Community. We aim to disseminate
the findings through international peer-reviewed journals and on the
website (http://www.nohacer.es/).Outcomes will be used to
incorporate algorithms into the electronic history to assist in making
clinical decisions.

Trial registration number
NCT03482232; Pre-results.