bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanics Predicts Effective Critical-Size Bone Regeneration Using 3D-Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds
Authors: Blázquez-Carmona Pablo , Mora-Macías Juan , Martínez-Vázquez Francisco J. , Morgaz Juan , Domínguez Jaime , Reina-Romo Esther 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds have gained popularity due to their controlled microarchitecture and their proven biocompatibility. However, their high brittleness makes their surgical implementation complex for weight-bearing bone treatments. Thus, they would require difficult-to-instrument rigid internal fixations that limit a rigorous evaluation of the regeneration progress through the analysis of mechanic-structural parameters.

METHODS:
We investigated the compatibility of flexible fixations with fragile ceramic implants, and if mechanical monitoring techniques are applicable to bone tissue engineering applications. Tissue engineering experiments were performed on 8 ovine metatarsi. A 15 mm bone segment was directly replaced with a hydroxyapatite scaffold and stabilized by an instrumented Ilizarov-type external fixator. Several in vivo monitoring techniques were employed to assess the mechanical and structural progress of the tissue.

RESULTS:
The applied surgical protocol succeeded in combining external fixators and subject-specific bioceramic scaffolds without causing fatal fractures of the implant due to stress concentrator. The bearing capacity of the treated limb was initially altered, quantifying a 28–56% reduction of the ground reaction force, which gradually normalized during the consolidation phase. A faster recovery was reported in the bearing capacity, stiffening and bone mineral density of the callus. It acquired a predominant mechanical role over the fixator in the distribution of internal forces after one post-surgical month.

CONCLUSION:
The bioceramic scaffold significantly accelerated in vivo the bone formation compared to other traditional alternatives in the literature (e.g., distraction osteogenesis). In addition, the implemented assessment techniques allowed an accurate quantitative evaluation of the bone regeneration through mechanical and imaging parameters.
The Significance of Bad-Faith Premises for the Strategy of Trade Mark Protection in the Light of the Latest EU Case-Law
Authors: Sitko Joanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEU case-law has long considered trade mark applications made in bad faith to be dishonest practice that involves a sign used by a third party. This approach stems from the crucial factors of bad faith stipulated by the CJEU in theLindtcase C-529/07. However, recent CJEU case-law clearly suggests that a trade mark application can also be alleged to be in bad faith when it has nothing to do with a third-party sign but instead involves a dishonest strategy for protecting the applicant’s own trade marks. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive catalogue of premises for finding bad faith in the context of a trade mark application, and to analyse their importance from the perspective of business strategy for protecting trade marks. It follows from the relevant case-law that proving an applicant’s bad faith where the latter is alleged not in relation to the use of a third-party sign may be rather problematic, as it is difficult to demonstrate objective circumstances to corroborate an applicant’s subjective intentions, particularly when such intentions concern solely their own trade mark protection strategy. An additional difficulty comes from the CJEU’sSkyKickcase C-371/18, according to which the absence of any intention to use a trade mark does not per se constitute grounds for finding bad faith. Moreover, an allegation of bad faith may provide a basis for extending legal protection to a third-party trade mark not registered in a given territory, which may be particularly useful for businesses that export goods worldwide. However, at the same time, care must be taken to reasonably balance such protection for non-registered marks with one of the crucial premises of EU trade mark protection, which is based on the principle of “first to file” not “first to use”.
Zwischen Wissenschaft und Weltanschauung
Authors: Albrecht Andrea , Krumeich Jens , Schell Sandra 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie wissenschaftliche Rezeption Friedrich Hölderlins und seines Werks hatte in den 1920er bis 1940er Jahren immer auch weltanschauliche und politische Dimensionen. Am Beispiel der Forschungsreferate von Adolf von Grolman, Johannes Hoffmeister und Heinz Otto Burger sowie der Forschungskontroverse zwischen Wilhelm Böhm und Ludwig Strauß rekonstruieren wir, welche Funktionen Hölderlin und die DVjs füreinander hatten. Ein besonderes Augenmerk fällt dabei auf Paul Kluckhohn, der nicht nur als Herausgeber, sondern in politisch turbulenten Zeiten auch als öffentlicher Redner und akademischer Organisator eine wichtige Rolle für die Hölderlin-Forschung gespielt hat.
Formation of a modified collagenic biomaterial using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Wise William R. , Bevan Francesca , Davis Stefan J. , Prasad Kamalesh , Abbott Andrew P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerewith waste collagen was processed using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) obtained by the complexation between choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol 1:2 (ChCl:2EG) to form a material with properties similar to leather. The material generated using the waste tanned collagen processed with ChCl:2EG followed by mechanical extrusion was found to show characteristics similar to the one obtained from the material using animal hide powder. However, the tensile strength of extruded collagen was substantially higher (7.56 MPa vs. 0.23 MPa). The improved strength and structure may be due in part to traces of iron imparted into the material during extrusion of the acidic collagen sample. Nevertheless, the material thus generated was found to have a lower degree of crystallinity compared to commercial leather samples. Overall, the process demonstrates a facile method preparing a useful material out of waste collagen by the intervention of DESs.
Graphical Abstract
Achieving Equity in Child and Adolescent Mental Health by Addressing Racism Through Prevention Science
Authors: Goodrum Nada M. , Cooper Daniel K. , Edmunds Sarah , Wippold Guillermo M. , Bradshaw Jessica , Nguyen Julie K. , Milburn Norweeta , Are Funlola 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevention science is a multidisciplinary field dedicated to promoting public health and reducing early risk factors that lead to negative health outcomes. It has been used to successfully improve child and family mental health and well-being, including for families affected by adversity. Despite advances in prevention efforts, major public health inequities remain for Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) children and families, in part because of equity-implicit “one-size-fits-all” approaches that do not directly address racism which in part underlies the very health concerns these efforts aim to prevent. Structural racism not only introduces additional risk for negative health outcomes for BIPOC families but also it reduces access to prevention-focused programs and policies, thus perpetuating inequities across generations. Adopting an equity-explicit, antiracist lens that attends to the effects of structural racism can strengthen the impact of prevention efforts by more effectively improving child and family health, reducing access barriers, and effecting multigenerational change for BIPOC families experiencing various levels of adversity. Evidence-informed recommendations for applying antiracist prevention science include the following: explicitly incorporating an understanding of structural racism within prevention science methods and theory (e.g., risk and resilience frameworks); establishing and fostering truly equitable community partnerships; diversifying the field through mentorship of BIPOC scholars and clinicians focused on child and family well-being; assembling diverse transdisciplinary research teams to address child health inequities in a family-centered manner; attending to intersectionality; and using implementation science to promote access and sustainability for all families.
A Tool to Combine Expert Knowledge and Machine Learning for Defect Detection and Root Cause Analysis in a Hot Strip Mill
Authors: Latham Samuel , Giannetti Cinzia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWidth-related defects are a common occurrence in the Hot Strip Mill process which can lead to extra processing, concessions, or scrapping. The detection and Root Cause Analysis of these defects is a largely manual process and is vulnerable to several negative factors including human error, late feedback, and knock-on effects in successive steel strip products. Automated tools which utilize Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for defect detection and Root Cause Analysis in hot rolling have not yet been adopted outside of surface defect detection and roller force optimization. In this paper, we propose an automated tool for the detection and Root Cause Analysis of width-related defects in the hot rolling process which utilizes a combination of expert knowledge and several Machine Learning models. Through this, we aim to increase the scope, and encourage further development, of Machine Learning applications within the Hot Strip Mill process. Both classical algorithms and Computer Vision methods were used for the Machine Learning component of the tool, namely, classification trees and pre-trained convolutional neural networks. The tool is trained and validated using data from an existing hot rolling mill and thus the challenges of collecting and processing real-world legacy data are highlighted and discussed. The Machine Learning models used are shown to perform optimally by validation performance metrics. The tool is found to be suitable for the specified purpose and would be further improved with more training data.
Methane conversion to syngas by chemical looping on La0.8Sr0.2FexCo1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) perovskites with CO2 co-feeding
Authors: Sror Gal , Cohen Oranit , Ohayon Dahan Hen , Landau Miron V. , Herskowitz Moti 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPartial oxidation of methane (POM) by chemical looping with CO2 co-feeding on La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 (LSF) perovskite catalyst yielded a highly selective operation and enabled to extend the duration of reduction cycle. In this work, the conversion of methane to syngas was studied on La0.8Sr0.2Fe(x)Co(1-x)O3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) perovskites in chemical-looping mode, co-feeding CO2 and methane. The reaction was conducted at 850 °C, 15 min reduction (10% methane in N2, 0–3% CO2), and 10 min oxidation (10% O2 in N2) cycles. The perovskites activity decreased with increasing Co content, in the absence of CO2, due to intensified coke deposition on the catalyst. Addition of CO2 during the reduction step (1–3%) reduced coke accumulation. A run conducted on La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 (LSC) with continuous feeding of CO2 and periodical (on–off) methane feeding indicated that CO2 reacts with the accumulated coke in reverse-Boudouard reaction, increasing CO selectivity without affecting the methane conversion. XRD analysis of reduced Co-containing perovskites indicates a decreasing perovskite content. Metallic Co and La2O3 phases increased as the Co content in the fresh perovskite increased, increasing coke deposition. As the Co content increased, the process shifts from POM with oxygen replenishment (LSF) to cracking followed by reverse-Boudouard reaction (LSC).
Appraisal of rock–water interaction and frailty of groundwater to corrosion and salinization, northwestern Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Asmoay Ahmed A. , Mabrouk Walid A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFrom 12 groundwater samples taken in Egypt's northwestern Suez Gulf, it can be concluded that the water is not suitable for drinking or irrigation purposes. The water is highly mineralized, has extreme hardness, and is very saline, with salinity levels above 3000 ppm. The dominant ions in the water samples are Cl, Na, SO4, and HCO3, and there are two distinct water types: SO4. Ca–Cl (90%), and SO4. Na-Cl (10%). The research also revealed that three wells had become salinized due to dominant ions from sewage water recharge and seawater invasion. The water samples were found to be oversaturated with carbonate, silicate, iron oxide, and evaporite mineral dissolution, which could be harmful to human health. The water was found to exhibit ion exchange, where alkaline earth's (Ca + Mg) ions associated with solids and alkalis' ions (Na + K) in water samples exchange ions. The water was also found to have a high propensity for corrosion, making it unsafe to move groundwater over long distances. The excessive salinity of the water in the research area also makes it undesirable for drinking and irrigation purposes. Overall, the research findings suggest that measures need to be taken to ensure the safety of the groundwater in the area and prevent further contamination. The findings also highlight the importance of regular monitoring and testing of groundwater to ensure that it meets safe levels for human consumption and agricultural use.
Plant immune inducer ZNC promotes rutin accumulation and enhances resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato
Authors: Zhao Haipeng , Ding Xiangyu , Chu Xiaomeng , Zhang Haimiao , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Xinwen , Liu Haoqi , Zhang Xiaoying , Yin Ziyi , Li Yang , Ding Xinhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGray mold is a destructive disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, a pervasive plant pathogen, which poses a threat to both tomato growth and postharvest storage. The utilization of induced resistance presents a potential strategy for combating plant pathogenic attacks. ZNC (zhinengcong), an extract derived from the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii, has been discovered to play a vital role in preventing diverse forms of bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism behind its ability to enhance tomato resistance to fungi remains unclear. In this study, we found that the exogenous spraying of ZNC could significantly improve the resistance of tomato plants to B. cinerea. The results of both the metabolomic analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that tomato plants responded to ZNC treatment by accumulating high levels of rutin. Additional transcriptome analysis uncovered that rutin enhances tomato resistance possible by initiating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) related genes expression during the initial phase of invasion by B. cinerea. In addition, we also found that rutin might activate plant immunity by eliciting ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated pathways. Therefore, plant immune inducer ZNC and rutin has bright application prospects and high utilization value to control gray mold.
Graphical Abstract
Middle-class risk perception of disasters and land reclamation in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Valenzuela Ven Paolo Bruno , Esteban Miguel , Onuki Motoharu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe United Nations estimate that by 2030 about half of the world’s population would be comprised of the middle-class, who mostly live in the increasing number of megacities around the world. Southeast Asian megacities, such as Metropolitan Manila, have long been troubled by rapid urbanization, increasing disaster risk, and the looming impacts of climate change. As a response, there is a growing focus on disaster and climate resilient policies in megacities, most of which have only centered on how future disasters and climate uncertainty would impact vulnerable communities. This has resulted in policies that cater towards relocation of the poor to combat disasters and climate change. This exploratory study attempts to elucidate how the middle-class views disasters and land reclamation in Metro Manila, the Philippines. Using an online questionnaire survey of 425 middle-class respondents, the study shows that middle-class perception of risk potentially amplifies vulnerability and reduces the resilience of the poor. While knowledge about the risks is high, the capacity of the middle class to act is low, especially compared to vulnerable communities. Also, climate change and disasters are viewed primarily as environmental issues, which is compounded by inadequate defenses. Land reclamation, along with coastal informal settlements, are viewed as an intrusion into the environment. This study finds that the middle-class’s perception of risk may marginalize the poor by favoring eviction of vulnerable communities in coastal areas, including those targeted for land reclamation, under the pretext of controlling the city’s population growth and environmental impact.
Centromeric repeats in Citrus sinensis provide new insights into centromeric evolution and the distribution of G-quadruplex structures
Authors: Song Shipeng , Liu Hui , Miao Luke , Lan Hong , Chen Chunli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCentromeres play a crucial role in ensuring the accurate separation of chromosomes during cell division. Despite the three rounds of genome sequencing technology undergone by Citrus sinensis (sweet orange), the presence of numerous repetitive DNA elements in its genome has led to substantial gaps in centromeric genomic mapping, leaving the composition of centromeric repeats unclear. To address this, we employed a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing with the C. sinensis centromere-specific histone H3 variant antibody and centromere-specific bacterial artificial chromosome-3a sequencing to precisely locate the centromeres. This approach allowed us to identify a series of centromere-specific repeats, comprising five tandem repeats and nine long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we gained valuable insights into potential centromeric evolution events and discovered the presence of DNA G-quadruplex structures of centromeric repeats in C. sinensis. Altogether, our study not only offers a valuable reference for centromeric genome assembly but also sheds light on the structural characteristics of C. sinensis centromeres.
How to Disrupt a Social Script
Authors: HESNI SAMIA 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial scripts, like A gives a compliment, B says ‘thank you’, pervade and shape natural language discourse and social interactions. Scripts usually promote cooperation between conversational participants, but not always. For example, if A pays B a ‘compliment’ like ‘nice legs’, A puts B in a double bind of either abiding by the compliment script by saying ‘thank you’ and being humiliated, or breaking the script and risking escalation. In this paper, I take a philosophical lens to the notion of a social script. I give a theoretical overview of what it would mean to disrupt a social script and explain why and when it is prudential to do so. Then I give several examples of disruptions of social scripts. This essay makes four key contributions to the philosophical literature on social scripts: (1) it introduces a new distinction between interpersonal and structural scripts; (2) it illuminates how interpersonal social scripts can be pernicious by creating a double bind; (3) it analyzes what it is to disrupt a social script; and (4) in doing so, it challenges the orthodoxy about the relationship between cooperation and disruption in political action.
Simple, stable and efficient nonlinear pulse compression through cascaded filamentation in air
Authors: Pu Tao , Tian Kan , Hu Bo , Wan Zhongjun , He Linzhen , Yang Xuemei , Wu Han , Li Yang , Wang Weizhe , Liang Houkun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear compression has become an obligatory technique along with the development of ultrafast lasers in generating ultrashort pulses with narrow pulse widths and high peak power. In particular, techniques of nonlinear compression have experienced a rapid progress as ytterbium (Yb)-doped lasers with pulse widths in the range from hundreds of femtoseconds to a few picoseconds have become mainstream laser tools for both scientific and industrial applications. Here, we report a simple and stable nonlinear pulse compression technique with high efficiency through cascaded filamentation in air followed by dispersion compensation. Pulses at a center wavelength of 1040 nm with millijoule pulse energy and 160 fs pulse width from a high-power Yb:CaAlGdO4 regenerative amplifier are compressed to 32 fs, with only 2.4% loss from the filamentation process. The compressed pulse has a stable output power with a root-mean-square variation of 0.2% over 1 hour.
Pharmacogenetics of angiotensin modulators according to APOE-ϵ4 alleles and the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira de , Almeida Sandro Soares de , Chen Elizabeth Suchi , Smith Marilia Cardoso , Bertolucci Paulo Henrique Ferreira 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) could reduce cerebrovascular dysfunction, while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) might increase brain amyloid-β by suppressing effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1, an amyloid-β-degrading enzyme. However, ACEis could benefit patients with AD by reducing the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein, by central cholinergic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and by peripheral modulation of glucose homeostasis. We aimed to investigate whether the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with clinical changes in patients with AD, while considering apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ϵ4 carrier status and blood pressure response to angiotensin modulators.Methods:Consecutive outpatients with late-onset AD were screened with cognitive tests and anthropometric measurements, while their caregivers were queried for functional and caregiver burden scores. Prospective pharmacogenetic associations were estimated for 1 year, taking APOE-ϵ4 carrier status and genotypes of the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism into account, along with treatment with ACEis or ARBs.Results:For 193 patients (67.4% women, 53.4% APOE-ϵ4 carriers), the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.281), while arterial hypertension was prevalent in 80.3% (n = 124 used an ACEi, n = 21 used an ARB). ARBs benefitted mostly APOE-ϵ4 carriers concerning caregiver burden variations, cognitive and functional decline. ACEis benefitted APOE-ϵ4 non-carriers concerning cognitive and functional decline due to improved blood pressure control in addition to possible central mechanisms. The ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism led to variable response to angiotensin modulators concerning neurological outcomes and blood pressure variations.Conclusion:Angiotensin modulators may be disease-modifiers in AD, while genetic stratification of samples is recommended in clinical studies.
Race, Partisanship, and Democratic Politics: The Role of Racial Attitudes in Motivating White Americans’ Electoral Participation
Authors: Algara Carlos , Hale Isaac 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile there is considerable research on the role racial attitudes play in shaping white political preferences, relatively little is known about how racial attitudes influence white participation in democratic politics. We present a model examining the relationship between racial attitudes and political participation in the 2016, 2018, and 2020 U.S. national elections. Using a variety of measures of political participation, our analysis presents a clear finding: the direction of the relationship between latent conservative racial attitudes and political participation is asymmetrical among partisan sub-groups, with conservative racial attitudes motivating participation among white Republicans and, to a greater degree, depressing participation among white Democrats. This finding has stark implications for how racialized appeals are likely to be deployed in an era of increasing affective partisan polarization.