bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Behavior Change Techniques in Digital Health Interventions for the Prevention or Management of Noncommunicable Diseases: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Mair Jacqueline Louise , Salamanca-Sanabria Alicia , Augsburger Mareike , Frese Bea Franziska , Abend Stefanie , Jakob Robert , Kowatsch Tobias , Haug Severin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite an abundance of digital health interventions (DHIs) targeting the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), it is unclear what specific components make a DHI effective.PurposeThis narrative umbrella review aimed to identify the most effective behavior change techniques (BCTs) in DHIs that address the prevention or management of NCDs.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched for articles published in English between January 2007 and December 2022. Studies were included if they were systematic reviews or meta-analyses of DHIs targeting the modification of one or more NCD-related risk factors in adults. BCTs were coded using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1. Study quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2.ResultsEighty-five articles, spanning 12 health domains and comprising over 865,000 individual participants, were included in the review. We found evidence that DHIs are effective in improving health outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and asthma, and health-related behaviors including physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, weight management, medication adherence, and abstinence from substance use. There was strong evidence to suggest that credible source, social support, prompts and cues, graded tasks, goals and planning, feedback and monitoring, human coaching and personalization components increase the effectiveness of DHIs targeting the prevention and management of NCDs.ConclusionsThis review identifies the most common and effective BCTs used in DHIs, which warrant prioritization for integration into future interventions. These findings are critical for the future development and upscaling of DHIs and should inform best practice guidelines.
A Design and Analytical Strategy for Monitoring Disease Positivity and Biomarker Levels in Accessible Closed Populations
Authors: Lyles Robert H , Zhang Yuzi , Ge Lin , Waller Lance A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we advocate and expand upon a previously described monitoring strategy for efficient and robust estimation of disease prevalence and case numbers within closed and enumerated populations such as schools, workplaces, or retirement communities. The proposed design relies largely on voluntary testing, which is notoriously biased (e.g., in the case of coronavirus disease 2019) due to nonrepresentative sampling. The approach yields unbiased and comparatively precise estimates with no assumptions about factors underlying selection of individuals for voluntary testing, building on the strength of what can be a small random sampling component. This component enables the use of a recently proposed “anchor stream” estimator, a well-calibrated alternative to classical capture-recapture (CRC) estimators based on 2 data streams. We show that this estimator is equivalent to a direct standardization based on “capture,” that is, selection (or not) by the voluntary testing program, made possible by means of a key parameter identified by design. This equivalency simultaneously allows for novel 2-stream CRC-like estimation of general mean values (e.g., means of continuous variables like antibody levels or biomarkers). For inference, we propose adaptations of Bayesian credible intervals when estimating case counts and bootstrapping when estimating means of continuous variables. We use simulations to demonstrate significant precision benefits relative to random sampling alone.
Do formal objections to the error theory overgeneralize?
Authors: Streumer Bart , Wodak Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We argued that formal objections to the error theory overgeneralize and therefore fail. Christine Tiefensee and Gregory Wheeler deny this. We argue that they are wrong, for two reasons. The first concerns how we should adjudicate conflicts between formal and substantive commitments. The second concerns an overlooked tension between formal objections and non-error-theoretic views. Our discussion shows that the commitments behind formal objections to the error theory, such as the dual schema, should be regarded as much more contentious than is often assumed.
Superior Vector Plication of the Mobile Anterior Midface: The Delta Facelift
Authors: Grotting James C , Saheb-Al-Zamani Maryam , Rhee Susie 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Traditional plication techniques have been ineffective in addressing the anterior midface when compared to the sub–superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) “deep plane” approaches. However, by moving the plication much closer to the mobile medial fat tissues, a more effective and long-lasting plication can be accomplished without releasing the SMAS layer.

Objectives
The authors’ “Delta facelift” approach combines a rotation vertical advancement of the midface fat with a dual-vector platysmaplasty and deep cervicoplasty as indicated for a harmoniously youthful neck.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who underwent facial rejuvenation with the Delta facelift technique between January 1, 2012, and May 30, 2021, for patient demographics, procedure details, outcomes, and complications.

Results
A total of 283 patients underwent Delta facelift (273 females, 10 males). The average age was 60.8 years old. Primary facelift was performed in 229 patients, whereas 54 facelifts were secondary or further procedures. Adjunctive procedures included autologous fat grafting (93%), blepharoplasty (52%), and skin rejuvenating procedures (35%). There were 11 self-resolving neuropraxias, 6 minor hematomas, and 6 infections. Nine patients underwent repeat Delta facelift at an average of 9.3 years.

Conclusions
The Delta rotation vertical advancement of the anterior facial fat counters the descent and deflation associated with facial aging. Dual-vector platysmaplasty, with or without myotomy, effectively manages the jowl and delineates the jawline. Addition of deep cervicoplasty is recommended for patients with oblique necks or those with subplatysmal volume excess.

Level of Evidence: 3
Progress in China's environmental policy in synergy with foundational giant panda conservation program
Authors: Swaisgood Ronald R , Wei Wei , Zhang Zejun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years, China has embarked on a remarkable journey toward greater environmental sustainability, investing in a vast protected area system, ecocompensation programs, and a more protectionist regulatory framework. The result is a model program in the making, with progress and future prospects for China's environmental health that few could have foreseen a few short decades ago. Paralleling and sometimes preceding this environmental revolution, much of China's environmental attention focused on its “national treasure”—the giant panda. We explore developments, progress, and shortcomings in the emerging protections and environmental ethos alongside the rich history of giant panda conservation, culminating in the recent downlisting of the panda from Endangered to Vulnerable. We make the case that recent advancements in environmental progress, such as the development of a more harmonious relationship between humans and nature (termed ecocivilization) have been, in part, underpinned and inspired by efforts to conserve the panda.
Reducing Lipid Panel Error Allowances to Improve the Accuracy of Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
Authors: Cole Justine , Sampson Maureen , van Deventer Hendrik E , Remaley Alan T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The standard lipid panel forms the backbone of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Suboptimal analytical performance, along with biological variability, could lead to erroneous risk assessment and management decisions. The current National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) performance recommendations have remained unchanged for almost 3 decades despite improvements in assay technology. We investigated the potential extent of risk misclassification when the current recommendations are met and explored the impact of improving analytical performance goals.

Methods
We extracted lipid panel data for 8506 individuals from the NHANES database and used these to classify subjects into 4 risk groups as recommended by the 2018 US Multisociety guidelines. Analytical bias and imprecision, at the allowable limits, as well as biological variability, were introduced to the measured values to determine the impact on misclassification. Bias and imprecision were systematically reduced to determine the degree of improvement that may be achieved.

Results
Using the current performance recommendations, up to 10% of individuals were misclassified into a different risk group. Improving proportional bias by 1%, and fixing imprecision to 3% across all assays reduced misclassifications by up to 10%. The effect of biological variability can be reduced by taking the average of serial sample measurements.

Conclusions
The current NCEP recommendations for analytical performance of lipid panel assays allow for an unacceptable degree of misclassification, leading to possible mismanagement of cardiovascular disease risk. Iteratively reducing allowable error can improve this.
Classification of Brain Tumors by Nanopore Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA from Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Afflerbach Ann-Kristin , Rohrandt Christian , Brändl Björn , Sönksen Marthe , Hench Jürgen , Frank Stephan , Börnigen Daniela , Alawi Malik , Mynarek Martin , Winkler Beate , Ricklefs Franz , Synowitz Michael , Dührsen Lasse , Rutkowski Stefan , Wefers Annika K , Müller Franz-Josef , Schoof Melanie , Schüller Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Molecular brain tumor diagnosis is usually dependent on tissue biopsies or resections. This can pose several risks associated with anesthesia or neurosurgery, especially for lesions in the brain stem or other difficult-to-reach anatomical sites. Apart from initial diagnosis, tumor progression, recurrence, or the acquisition of novel genetic alterations can only be proven by re-biopsies.

Methods
We employed Nanopore sequencing on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and analyzed copy number variations (CNV) and global DNA methylation using a random forest classifier. We sequenced 129 samples with sufficient DNA. These samples came from 99 patients and encompassed 22 entities. Results were compared to clinical diagnosis and molecular analysis of tumor tissue, if available.

Results
110/129 samples were technically successful, and 50 of these contained detectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by CNV or methylation profiling. ctDNA was detected in samples from patients with progressive disease but also from patients without known residual disease. CNV plots showed diagnostic and prognostic alterations, such as C19MC amplifications in embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes or Chr.1q gains and Chr.6q losses in posterior fossa group A ependymoma, respectively. Most CNV profiles mirrored the profiles of the respective tumor tissue. DNA methylation allowed exact classification of the tumor in 22/110 cases and led to incorrect classification in 2/110 cases. Only 5/50 samples with detected ctDNA contained tumor cells detectable through microscopy.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that Nanopore sequencing data of cfDNA from CSF samples may be a promising approach for initial brain tumor diagnostics and an important tool for disease monitoring.
Changes in call properties of Boana pulchella (Anura, Hylidae) in response to different noise conditions
Authors: Grenat Pablo , Ferrero María , Baraquet Mariana , Pollo Favio , Otero Manuel , Salinas Zulma , Salas Nancy , Martino Adolfo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The increasing expansion of urban areas leads to the emergence of new noisy environments that can affect animal communication. Calls play a crucial role in the mating displays of anurans, and the negative impact of anthropogenic noise-induced auditory masking has been reported in several species. We investigated the acoustic variation in 96 males (n = 971 calls) of the treefrog Boana pulchella across acoustically undisturbed sites and different noise conditions, associated with urban areas (URBAN) and roads (ROAD), in Central Argentina. We analyzed the effect of anthropogenic noise conditions on 6 temporal (call duration [CD], intercall interval, first and second note duration, internote interval, and call rate) and 3 spectral (dominant frequency of first and second note, frequency difference between them) call properties. The effects of temperature and size on acoustical variables were controlled. We observed differences in all call attributes among the noise conditions, except for intercall interval. Males exposed to URBAN and ROAD exhibited significant changes in CD, dominant frequency of the second note, and frequency difference between them. URBAN males had longest internote interval, while ROAD individuals displayed increased first and second note duration and call rates. Interestingly, ROAD males exhibited immediate changes in call rate in direct response to passing heavy vehicles. Our study emphasizes the impact of anthropogenic noise on the acoustic characteristics of B. pulchella calls. Understanding how animals adapt to noisy environments is crucial in mitigating the adverse effects of urbanization on their communication systems. Future investigations should explore whether the observed call adjustments are effective in avoiding or mitigating the negative consequences of anthropogenic noise on reproductive success.
Transnational Propaganda and National Media Cultures in Weimar Political Thought
Authors: Nietzel Benno 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This contribution analyses the discourse on propaganda during the Weimar Republic as a medium of transnational self-positioning and identity construction. The perception of mass media modernism in the 1920s was deeply shaped by the world war, and the concept of ‘propaganda’ dominated reflection on it. Early reviews of the propaganda war revolved around the question of how Germany could regain its former world-power status through propaganda. Two transnational propaganda campaigns are examined in closer detail: the German struggle against the Versailles ‘war-guilt clause’ and the fight against the Allied occupation of the Ruhr. They illustrate how exaggerated expectations of the power of propaganda were accompanied by conceptual ambiguities and inconsistencies. One important reason for this simultaneity was that Germans discussed propaganda in the light of national media cultures and constructed it as alien to the German nature. Many authors distinguished supposedly genuinely German values such as ‘truthfulness’, decency and profundity from the values of other national cultures, simultaneously complaining that Germany was struggling harder in the field of propaganda than other countries because of this deep-seated disposition. Such national auto-stereotypes extended into the scholarly study of propaganda, making it difficult to conceptualize it as a phenomenon of modern mass communication. The Germans’ ambivalent relationship to propaganda was also evident in politics: while the Weimar governments displayed uneasiness towards propaganda, the Nazi movement called for its unscrupulous use. In this way, the Nazis not only prepared for the destruction of democracy, but also stood for a different understanding of ‘Germanness’.
Can the people exercise constituent power?
Authors: Duke George 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Contemporary constitutional theorists sometimes use the phrase “the constituent power of the people” in a way that is, on closer examination, ambiguous. It could mean that the people is the bearer of constituent power, that the people exercises constituent power, or both. This article examines this pivotal, yet rarely explicitly thematized, distinction internal to the concept of constituent power and considers its downstream implications for constitutional theory. The proposition that the people is the bearer of constituent power, I argue, is best read narrowly as a claim about the proper subject of attribution for major constitutional change. The proposition that the people exercises constituent power, however, is best read either as (i) a claim about the capacity of citizens to effect constitutional change through collective deliberation, or (ii) shorthand for the claim that representatives should always engage in processes of constitutional change on behalf of citizens. If these readings are true, the article concludes, then this has important consequences for the theory and practice of constituent power and for its relationship with political representation.
On the Frontline of Global Inequalities: A Decolonial Approach to the Study of Street-Level Bureaucracies
Authors: Eiró Flávio , Lotta Gabriela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article aims to contribute to street-level bureaucracy (SLB) theory by bringing to the forefront the experiences and perspectives of the Global South. Our argument is that mainstream literature in this field overlooks the social tensions that are more explicit in developing societies, resulting in a structurally limited analytical framework. We identify two key factors from the Global South that are often underestimated: the high degree of social inequalities that fundamentally affect state–citizen relationships, and the ways in which the state itself reflects and reproduces these inequalities. Our critique represents a step toward decolonizing the field and highlighting the conceptual contributions that studies from and of the Global South can offer. By examining the experiences of the Global South, we can gain insights into the crises societies in the Global North are also experiencing. Our article aims to contribute to SLB theory by emphasizing the value of incorporating these perspectives into the study of SLB.
Aptamers in neuro-oncology: An emerging therapeutic modality
Authors: Doherty Caroline , Wilbanks Brandon , Khatua Soumen , Maher Louis James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Despite recent advances in the understanding of brain tumor pathophysiology, challenges associated with tumor location and characteristics have prevented significant improvement in neuro-oncology therapies. Aptamers are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that fold into sequence-specific, 3-dimensional shapes that, like protein antibodies, interact with targeted ligands with high affinity and specificity. Aptamer technology has recently been applied to neuro-oncology as a potential approach to innovative therapy. Preclinical research has demonstrated the ability of aptamers to overcome some obstacles that have traditionally rendered neuro-oncology therapies ineffective. Potential aptamer advantages include their small size, ability in some cases to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inherent lack of immunogenicity, and applicability for discovering novel biomarkers. Herein, we review recent reports of aptamer applications in neuro-oncology including aptamers found by cell- and in vivo- Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment approaches, aptamer-targeted therapeutic delivery modalities, and aptamers in diagnostics and imaging. We further identify crucial future directions for the field that will be important to advance aptamer-based drugs or tools to clinical application in neuro-oncology.
Radiation protection and estimate of commercial aircrew effective doses in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Fajić Hatidža , Beganović Adnan , Odžak Senad , Odžak Almasa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cosmic rays are the primary source of the daily exposure of aircrew and passengers to ionising radiation. This study aims to estimate the effective doses of ionising radiation for aircraft crews in Bosnia and Herzegovina by taking into consideration factors such as flight duration and altitude, as well as the geographical position of airports. The CARI-7 algorithm and neural network method were used in the analysis of data obtained from the Sarajevo International Airport. The results show that the estimated annual effective doses in 2021 range from 0.06 to 10 mSv for flights to and from Belgrade and Dubai, respectively. Both linear regression and neural network models were developed to predict the effective dose based on flight duration, average altitude, latitude and maximum altitude. The findings reveal that flight duration is the most statistically significant factor, followed by average altitude, latitude and maximum altitude.
A Child–Parent Dyad Study on Adolescent Paranoia and the Influence of Adverse Life Events, Bullying, Parenting Stress, and Family Support
Authors: Kingston Jessica L , Ellett Lyn , Thompson Elizabeth C , Gaudiano Brandon A , Krkovic Katarina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundParanoid beliefs commonly occur in the general adolescent population. Exposure to adverse life events (ALEs) and/or bullying are important environmental risk factors. The extent to which others, especially parents, are available to help a young person cope with stressful situations may offset this risk.Study DesignA cross-sectional adolescent-parent dyad design (n = 142 pairs) was used to test whether an adolescent’s perception of being supported by their family, and/or the parent’s perception of stress and burden in their parenting role, moderated the association between environmental risk and adolescent paranoid beliefs.Study resultsModeration analysis indicated that ALEs were significantly associated with adolescent paranoid beliefs when parents reported high stress and burden in their parenting role. Conversely, at low and moderate levels of parental stress, ALEs were unrelated to paranoid beliefs. Bullying was strongly associated with paranoia, with no moderation effects. The adolescent’s perception of support within their family had no moderating effects.ConclusionsFindings indicate that the focus of prevention should be shifted beyond just families of adolescents who are experiencing psychosis and/or have high “at-risk” profiles, to families of adolescents exposed to ALEs. Targeted support for parents to help reduce parental stress and burden, and help foster protective family environments even in the face of ALEs, is an important avenue for reducing the risk of paranoid beliefs in adolescents. Further research is required to better understand how to offset the deleterious effect of bullying on paranoid beliefs in adolescents.