bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chain Restaurant Calorie Posting Laws, Obesity, and Consumer Welfare
Authors: Courtemanche Charles , Frisvold David , Jimenez-Gomez David , Ouayogodé Mariétou H , Price Michael K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates whether and why laws requiring chain restaurants to post calories on menus and menu boards work. We develop a model of calories consumed that highlights multiple potential channels through which these laws influence choice and that outlines an empirical strategy to disentangle these alternatives. We test the predictions of our model using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on body mass index and consumer well-being, as well as our own surveys on how the law influences where people eat and how randomized exposure to calorie information affects feelings toward menu items. Viewed in its totality, our results are consistent with an economic model in which calorie labels influence consumers both by providing salient information and by imposing a welfare-reducing moral cost (or feelings of guilt) on unhealthy eating.
Sustainability and the WTO trading system
Authors: Bacchus James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Trade has been closely intertwined with sustainable development since the early 1990s. From its inception, the World Trade Organization has served as an active agent for advancing trade while also promoting sustainable development. Several contemporary developments within the WTO system reflect the centrality of sustainable development in trade discussions. The conclusion of the multilateral fisheries subsidies agreement in 2021 is one example of a major accomplishment with sustainability at its core. The structured discussions on trade and environmental sustainability are focused on four key issues: trade in environmental goods and services, trade-related climate measures, circular economy, and subsidies. These discussions shine a welcome light on these linkages. In parallel, the WTO is host to the dialogues on ‘Plastics Pollution and Environmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade’ and ‘Fossil Fuel Subsidies Reform’. This article catalogues these developments, their priorities and their outcomes.
How to organize in turbulence: arrangements and pathways for robust governance
Authors: Micacchi Marta , Cucciniello Maria , Trivellato Benedetta , Cristofoli Daniela , Turrini Alex , Valotti Giovanni , Nasi Greta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Robustness has recently taken center stage as an emerging paradigm to cope with turbulence and “build back better” toward new normalcy. Existing literature has shown how robust governance, with its mix of flexible adaptation and proactive innovation, is well-suited to addressing turbulence. However, there remains a gap in understanding the empirical variations within robust governance arrangements. In this article, we address three questions: how (1) structures, (2) coordination mechanisms, and (3) leadership are designed and unfold in robust governance. Through a qualitative approach grounded in case studies, interviews, and archival data, we provide evidence from six Italian regions, examining how they addressed the challenges of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Results enable the formulation of propositions about organizational arrangements in robust governance, in addition to suggesting competing pathways for flexible adaptation and proactive innovation.
Prediction sets for high-dimensional mixture of experts models
Authors: Javanmard Adel , Shao Simeng , Bien Jacob 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large datasets make it possible to build predictive models that can capture heterogenous relationships between the response variable and features. The mixture of high-dimensional linear experts model posits that observations come from a mixture of high-dimensional linear regression models, where the mixture weights are themselves feature-dependent. In this article, we show how to construct valid prediction sets for an ℓ1-penalized mixture of experts model in the high-dimensional setting. We make use of a debiasing procedure to account for the bias induced by the penalization and propose a novel strategy for combining intervals to form a prediction set with coverage guarantees in the mixture setting. Synthetic examples and an application to the prediction of critical temperatures of superconducting materials show our method to have reliable practical performance.
Augmentation invariant manifold learning
Authors: Wang Shulei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Data augmentation is a widely used technique and an essential ingredient in the recent advance in self-supervised representation learning. By preserving the similarity between augmented data, the resulting data representation can improve various downstream analyses and achieve state-of-the-art performance in many applications. Despite the empirical effectiveness, most existing methods lack theoretical understanding under a general nonlinear setting. To fill this gap, we develop a statistical framework on a low-dimensional product manifold to model the data augmentation transformation. Under this framework, we introduce a new representation learning method called augmentation invariant manifold learning and design a computationally efficient algorithm by reformulating it as a stochastic optimization problem. Compared with existing self-supervised methods, the new method simultaneously exploits the manifold’s geometric structure and invariant property of augmented data and has an explicit theoretical guarantee. Our theoretical investigation characterizes the role of data augmentation in the proposed method and reveals why and how the data representation learned from augmented data can improve the k-nearest neighbour classifier in the downstream analysis, showing that a more complex data augmentation leads to more improvement in downstream analysis. Finally, numerical experiments on simulated and real data sets are presented to demonstrate the merit of the proposed method.
A rare case of unexplained recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Cao Bo B , Wang Jinlong J , Ren Qinguang Q 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) presents a complex clinical challenge that eludes traditional diagnostic and treatment approaches. We report a rare and unexplained case of a middle-aged patient with recurrent ICH, for which extensive multidisciplinary investigations have yet to provide a definitive diagnosis or an effective long-term treatment strategy. Intraoperative pathology, genetic testing, cerebral angiography, inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein), specific antibodies (ANCA, anti-nuclear antibodies), and immunoglobulin levels showed no specific positive findings. This case highlights the limitations of current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in recurrent ICH. Further research into the genetic and molecular underpinnings of recurrent ICH is needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and develop targeted therapies for similar cases.
Efficacy of anifrolumab in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with serological manifestations: A post hoc analysis of the Japan subgroup of the TULIP-2 trial
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Atsumi Tatsuya , Okada Masato , Miyamura Tomoya , Ishii Tomonori , Nishiyama Susumu , Matsumura Ryutaro , Hayashi Nobuya , Matsumoto Takahiro , Yabe-Wada Toshiki , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Abreu Gabriel , Lindholm Catharina , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To describe the efficacy of anifrolumab versus placebo in Japanese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low complement (C3 or C4) and/or who are positive for anti-double stranded DNA antibodies.

Methods
This was a descriptive post hoc analysis of Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations in the Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway-2 (TULIP-2) trial who received either anifrolumab or placebo.

Results
Of the 43 patients enrolled, 79.2% (19/24) and 73.7% (14/19) had low C3, low C4, and/or were positive for anti-double stranded DNA antibodies at baseline in the anifrolumab and placebo groups, respectively. At Week 52, 52.6% (10/19) and 7.1% (1/14) patients in the anifrolumab and placebo groups, respectively, achieved a British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) response. The proportion of patients who tapered their glucocorticoid (GC) dose throughout the study, without increasing their dose, or who sustained baseline GC doses of ≤7.5 mg/day was numerically higher in the anifrolumab group [78.9% (15/19)] than in the placebo group [50.0% (7/14)].

Conclusions
In line with the clinical profile of anifrolumab in the TULIP-2 study, the efficacy of anifrolumab was shown in Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations achieving a BICLA response, and with tapered GC dose or sustained GC doses of ≤7.5 mg/day.
A Smart Millimeter-Wave Base Station for 6G Application Based on Programmable Metasurface
Authors: Zhang Jun Wei , Qi Zhen Jie , Wu Li Jie , Zhou Qun Yan , Dai Jun Yan , Cao Wan Wan , Ge Xiao , Gao Cheng Long , Gao Xinxin , Wang Si Ran , Wang Zheng Xing , Fang Yao Li , Wu Jun Wei , Zhang Jia Nan , Cui Tie Jun , Cheng Qiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The evolution of programmable metasurfaces has yielded many exciting electromagnetic (EM) phenomena and applications in both physical and information communities. Programmable metasurfaces, also known as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) or intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) in wireless communications, have played important roles in enhancing signal coverage and transmission quality and in building an artificially controlled communication environment. However, most of the realistic implementations are designed in the sub-6G band with a small array scale and 1-bit phase control ability, making the performance improvement not marvelous compared to the traditional solutions. Here, we propose a large-scale 2-bit millimeter-wave programmable metasurface to build an integrated smart base station framework for 6G communications. The meta-array is composed of 30×30 meta-elements, each with two embedded PIN diodes. A dish cone antenna is integrated with the metasurface to serve as the feeding source. A control board is designed to autonomously switch the working states of the entire 1800 PIN diodes based on a field programmable gate array, enabling the individual adjustment of the EM responses of all meta-elements in the array. Through the deliberate arrangement of phase distribution on the surface, the array can undergo reconfiguration to achieve the desired EM functionalities. We take the programmable metasurface as the core to assist a millimeter-wave base station and validate its good performance of wireless communications in a realistic in-door scenario. Subsequently, we build a four-stream wireless communication scenario using four 30×30 arrays and demonstrate smart multi-user information transmissions with different positions. This work provides great potential for programmable metasurfaces to aid the development of novel and intelligent millimeter-wave base stations, offering valuable insights for advancing next-generation mobile communications.
Shift work, thyroid function and liver function among subway workers
Authors: Yu F , Liu J , Qu T , Zhao M , Wang J , Jiang S , Ge L , Ye F , Liu L , He Z , Zhang S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Shift work is associated with an increased risk of liver injury. However, whether and how shift work alters liver function remains unclear.

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the associations between shift work and the liver function parameters, and further explore the mediating roles of thyroid function indicators.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of 724 subway workers. Multivariate linear regression models were adopted to approximate the effect values for the associations of shift work with liver function parameters and thyroid function indicators. Mediation analyses were used to explore the roles of thyroid function indicators in the association between shift work and liver function parameters.

Results
Shift work was associated with increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) (β = 6.309, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.739–9.879, β = 0.328, 95% CI 0.242–0.415 and β = 2.913, 95% CI 1.502–2.884, respectively). In stratification analysis, the positive association between shift work and TT3, FT3 and FT4 was more pronounced among people &gt;30 years old. The increase in shift worker FT3 and aspartate transaminase levels was stronger among alcohol users. Mediation analysis showed that TT3 and FT4 mediated 39% and 29% of the associations between shift work and the increased level of ALP, respectively (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The results suggest that shift work is associated with increased ALP levels of subway workers, which is partly mediated by the increase of TT3 and FT4 levels.
The pathologic and genomic evolution of primary malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast: retrospective cohort study and case-control genomic analysis
Authors: Valenza Carmine , Trapani Dario , Porta Francesca Maria , Olmeda Edoardo , Gaeta Aurora , Boscolo Bielo Luca , Conversano Federica , De Pas Tommaso Martino , Castellano Grazia , Santoro Celeste , Battaiotto Elena , Mane Eltjona , Coppola Sara , Conforti Fabio , Mattar Denise , Gandini Sara , Veronesi Paolo , Guerini Rocco Elena , Pennacchioli Elisabetta , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In patients with phyllodes tumors of the breast, the presence of mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12 homolog mutations (MED12m) and a history of previous fibroadenoma may predict better outcomes. To aid in the prognostication of malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast (B-MPT), we assessed the prognostic value of fibroadenoma-like areas (supposed to have stemmed from a pre-existing fibroadenoma) and MED12m, in patients with resected primary B-MPTs.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, retrospective, cohort study including all consecutive patients aged ≥18 years old, with non-metastatic B-MPT, who underwent surgery from January 2000 to December 2021. The endpoints were the cumulative incidences of all recurrences, according to the presence of fibroadenoma-like areas, reviewed by 3 reference pathologists. A nested, case-control genomic analysis was performed to evaluate the association between MED12m, the presence of fibroadenoma-like areas, and cancer recurrences.

Results
Eight-nine patients were included, with 47% of tumors exhibiting Fibroadenoma-Like Areas (FLA+). These areas were not significantly associated with local recurrence (5-year cumulative incidence in FLA+ vs FLA-: 13.0, 95%CI [4.6-25.9] vs 23.6, 95%CI [11.9-37.5]; P = .14) or distant recurrence (5-year cumulative incidence in FLA+ vs FLA-: 12.5, 95%CI [4.5-25.0] vs 8.9, 95%CI [2.8-19.5], P = .61), at a median follow-up of 6.7 years. MED12m was not associated with distant recurrences or the presence of fibroadenoma-like areas.

Conclusions
Half of B-MPTs are characterized by the presence of fibroadenoma-like areas. This pathologic feature is not significantly associated with lower distant and local recurrences nor with the presence of MED12 mutations.
Health Capital and its Significance for Health Justice
Authors: Davies Ben , Schramme Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper outlines a novel framing of the normative significance of health by considering the idea of ‘health capital’. Health capital is a set of health-related assets of individuals that enable them to pursue their interests and to collaborate with others. The specific contribution of this paper is to establish the notion of health capital beyond a metaphorical idea and to initially explore the repercussions of it for theories of health justice. We propose a sufficientarian approach to health capital justice. Our theory claims that social justice requires enabling people to achieve enough health capital to meet threats to health. This is a dynamic ideal, establishing claims of justice over time. The overarching goal is to avoid disadvantageous tipping points of health depletion.
Association of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients on dialysis with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Xie Enmin , Wu Yaxin , Ye Zixiang , Zhao Xuecheng , Li Yike , Shen Nan , Wang FanFan , Gao Yanxiang , Zheng Jingang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the association of the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular mortality in patients on dialysis with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Furthermore, we explored the incremental prognostic value of incorporating the FAR into the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 1035 patients on dialysis with ACS between January 2015 and June 2021. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was cardiovascular mortality. Multivariate Cox regression model, restricted cubic spline analysis, and C-statistic were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of FAR on outcomes.

Results
After a median follow-up of 21.8 months, 369 (35.7%) patients died, including 250 cardiovascular deaths. Patients with the highest FAR tertile had significantly increased risks of all-cause mortality (46.1% vs 27.8%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.790; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.372–2.336) and cardiovascular mortality (33.0% vs 16.5%; adjusted HR, 2.086; 95% CI, 1.496–2.908) compared to those in the lowest tertile. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a J-shaped association between the FAR and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, with HRs increasing significantly when the FAR exceeded 94.15. Furthermore, integrating the FAR into the GRACE score significantly improved its predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, as measured by C-statistic, continuous net reclassification index, and integrated discriminatory index.

Conclusions
In patients on dialysis with ACS, the FAR was independently associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Incorporating the FAR might improve the predictive accuracy of the GRACE score in patients on dialysis with ACS.
There is more to national economies than the national economy: extending the Growth Model research programme in comparative political economy
Authors: Regan Aidan , Blyth Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article argues that the Growth Model (GM) research programme in comparative political economy has an ontological and methodological bias towards the national level that generates an implicit functionalist-reductionism. This is a problem because GM research is explicitly designed to be a theory that eschews the functionalist-equilibrium New Keynesian assumptions of Varieties of Capitalism theory. To overcome this problem, we make the case that focusing on the city-regional level within a global-systems level analysis allows for a better integration of comparative political economy with international political economy in GM research. In particular, we argue that focusing on where income growth is produced and concentrated within advanced capitalism (cities-regions) allows us to better explain the political consequences of unequal growth from a post-Keynesian GM-perspective.
A Novel Computational Machine Learning Pipeline to Quantify Similarities in Three-Dimensional Protein Structures
Authors: Hirway Shreyas U , Xu Xiao , Fan Fan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Animal models are widely used during drug development. The selection of suitable animal model relies on various factors such as target biology, animal resource availability and legacy species. It is imperative that the selected animal species exhibit the highest resemblance to human, in terms of target biology as well as the similarity in the target protein. The current practice to address cross-species protein similarity relies on pair-wise sequence comparison using protein sequences, instead of the biologically relevant 3-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins. We developed a novel quantitative machine learning pipeline using 3D structure-based feature data from the Protein Data Bank, nominal data from UNIPROT and bioactivity data from ChEMBL, all of which were matched for human and animal data. Using the XGBoost regression model, similarity scores between targets were calculated and based on these scores, the best animal species for a target was identified. For real-world application, targets from an alternative source, ie, AlphaFold, were tested using the model, and the animal species that had the most similar protein to the human counterparts were predicted. These targets were then grouped based on their associated phenotype such that the pipeline could predict an optimal animal species.
Improving Resident Physician History and Physical in Challenging Situations
Authors: Rockwell Nicholas , Tofil Nancy M. , Rutledge Chrystal , Gaither Stacy L. , Norwood Carrie , Zinkan J. Lynn , Aban Inmaculada , Willig James , Kong Michele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
To educate physician trainees using simulation on best management of children with autism spectrum disorder who have neurocognitive and behavioral challenges when experiencing acute illness.

Method:
A simulation-based curriculum including baseline assessment, communication techniques, and use of calming resources was developed to educate residents in assessing children with sensory barriers. Traditional simulation and deliberate practice were used to teach this curriculum to second- and third-year pediatric and internal medicine-pediatric residents. Using alternating assignment, residents were placed into 3 groups: deliberate practice, traditional simulation-based debriefing, and control (no simulation training). The residents were assessed on the initial visit, 2 weeks and 4 to 6 months follow-up periods with a sensory assessment tool. Assessment scores were analyzed using a general linear mixed model with random intercept based on Poisson regression to approximate distribution of the total score.

Results:
Forty-three residents participated: 46.5% men, 53.5% women. There were 15, 16, and 12 residents in the control, deliberate practice and traditional simulation groups, respectively. Both teaching styles showed improved performance at 2 weeks follow-up. In addition, these groups demonstrated higher performance when compared with the control group. We were able to show that resident physicians were able to learn important principles and retain them during 4 to 6 months follow-up. However, there was not a difference between 2 teaching styles both in improvement and retention.

Conclusion:
Simulation education, both deliberate and traditional, can be used to enhance teaching of key components in assessing children with sensory and communication barriers, including those with autism spectrum disorder when presenting with acute illness.