bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Need for speed? Why vehicles capable of driving faster than legal speed limits should be banned
Authors: Petersen Thomas Søbirk , Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpeeding is a major cause of avoidable deaths and serious injuries. In this article, we defend the view that, with few exceptions, vehicles should be required by law to have a limited intelligent speed assistant (LISA) fitted, making it impossible to exceed speed limits. Our core argument appeals to the four-element Principle of Required Prohibition: if (1) through suitable legal regulation of design and production, the state can significantly reduce the harm users of a product P do to others through P’s illegal use without thereby causing comparable harms resulting from people not breaking the law; (2) that the relevant use of P ought to be illegal; (3) the regulation does not make any significant lawful use of P no longer possible; and (4) there is no other feasible and more efficient way of avoiding the relevant harm that users of P do others through P’s illegal use, then the state ought to regulate the design and production of P to significantly reduce the harm users of P do others through P’s illegal use. This principle, we argue, is extremely weak and should be acceptable across a wide range of ethical theories, yet it implies that the fitting of LISA to vehicles (but not police cars, ambulances etc.) should be mandatory by law. We defend the principle against five possible objections. For example, that the Principle of Required Prohibition is too interventionist and anti-libertarian. To counter that worry, we argue that principles that are even more interventionist are justifiable. Our conclusion is that the state should make it impossible for drivers to illegally violate speed limitations by making the installation of LISA on cars compulsory by law, just as the state, in many other ways, renders it impossible, or at any rate harder, for us to violate laws.
Recent spectrophotometric and electroanalytical methods used for the determination of quinoline-based compounds
Authors: Alessa Hussain 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current century experienced many disasters affecting the human-being existence. Malaria and new corona virus (COVID-19) are two deadly infections according to the world health organization (WHO). Different types of drugs were used for their treatment, for example quinoline-based drugs. The determination of these compounds in human body or pharmaceutical tablets is crucial for assessing the quality assurance during its manufacture, also for the medication trials. This review provides the current spectrophotometric and electroanalytical methods utilized for the determination of quinoline-associated compounds, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, piperaquine, primaquine and amodiaquine.
Intelligent Intensive Care Unit: Current and Future Trends
Authors: Mao Zhi , Liu Chao , Li Qinglin , Cui Yating , Zhou Feihu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is a growing demand for intensive care units, but there is a relative shortage of medical staff. Intensive care work is heavy and stressful. Optimizing the working conditions and processes of the intensive care unit is of great significance for improving the work efficiency and the level of diagnosis and treatment in the intensive care unit. The intelligent intensive care unit is a new ward management model gradually developed on the basis of modern science and technology such as communication technology, internet of things, artificial intelligence, robots, and big data. Under this model, the potential risks caused by human factors are greatly reduced, and the monitoring and treatment of patients has been significantly improved. This paper reviews the progress in related fields.
Clinical Features of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis and Risk Factors for Post-Encephalitic Epilepsy in Children
Authors: Wei Guangshuai , Wang Jiandong , Wang Yao , Zhang Yu , Chen Guangfa , Wang Huaili 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a common form of sporadic encephalitis and is prone to neurological sequelae such as epilepsy in young children, which can have a significant impact on young children at the time of neurological development. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of HSE in children and to explore its risk factors for post-encephalitic epilepsy (PE).

Methods
The case data of children who met the HSE diagnostic criteria between January 2013 and June 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
The incidence of PE in children with HSE was 42.2% (19/45cases). The initial symptoms were fever with headache or convulsions. In the acute phase, there were 13 cases (28.9%) with psychiatric behavior disorders, 16 cases (35.6%) with neurological deficit symptoms, and 24 cases (53.3%) with altered consciousness. Univariate analysis of fever duration, fever peak, psychiatric behavior disorders, neurological deficit symptoms, acute phase seizures and seizure frequency, ICU length of stay, admission GCS, and cranial imaging in children with HSE indicated statistically significant mixed involvement (all P < 0.05), and multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that repetitive seizures (more than 5 seizures) (OR = 1.551;95% CI 1.229–1.958, P < 0.001) in the acute phase was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of PE.

Conclusion
The main symptoms in children with HSE in the acute phase include seizures, altered consciousness, neurological deficit symptoms, and psychiatric behavioral abnormalities. Children with HSE has a high incidence of PE, especially if they have repetitive seizures (more than 5 seizures) in the acute phase.
Experimental determination of the fracture forming limits in metal forming
Authors: Magrinho J. P. , Silva M. B. , Martins P. A. F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper revisits the determination of the fracture forming limits in metal forming with the purpose of providing readers understanding on the experimental procedures and identification of their pitfalls and sources of error. The presentation covers fracture in sheet and bulk metal forming under three different crack opening modes: by tension (mode I of fracture mechanics), by in-plane shear (mode II), and by out-of-plane shear (mode III). It is shown that the determination of the fracture forming limits must account for the specificities of sheet forming, which is fundamentally based on material flow under plane stress conditions, and of bulk forming, which essentially features material flow under three-dimensional conditions. The content of the paper is an attempt to merge previous work of the authors in the determination of the fracture forming limits, which is scattered through various publications, so that a comprehensive view of their accumulated experience in sheet and bulk forming can be provided in a single publication.
Backsliding by surprise: the rise of Chavismo
Authors: Kronick Dorothy , Plunkett Barry , Rodriguez Pedro L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow do elected autocrats come to power? Prominent explanations point to distributive conflict. We propose instead that some candidates advertise democratic deconsolidation as “deepening democracy,” which can have cross-cutting appeal. We evaluate this proposal through the election of Venezuela's Hugo Chávez, an emblematic elected autocrat. Using original data, we find that historical voting patterns and political rhetoric are consistent with our proposal: Chávez came to power with the cross-class support of voters from across the traditional political spectrum, and his campaign emphasized rather than obscured his plan to remake political institutions.
The Last Genocide against the Yazidi People
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Hawre 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) emerged from the ashes of unsolved political, religious, and sectarian conflicts in the Middle East, it became one of the greatest threats to global order in recent years. It invaded and occupied a large swath of territory in Iraq and Syria, leaving a trail of bloodshed in its wake. ISIS fighters carried out a deliberate campaign of annihilation against the religious Yazidi community, which is officially recognized as a protected group under the UN Genocide Convention. ISIS identified them as an “unbeliever community” and proceeded to embark on an eliminationist campaign against the group, including deliberate killing, destruction of the conditions of their life, and the capture and transference of Yazidi children.
Conceptual plausibility and the rationality of theistic belief
Authors: Silvestre Ricardo Sousa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, I present a defence of conceptual plausibility, understood as an epistemic way to qualify concepts that situates them between the merely possible and the actual. To show that there is such a thing as conceptual plausibility, I rely on what seems to lie at the heart of many uses of the phrase ‘plausible concept’: explanatory fruitfulness. To make an effective case for the claim that conceptual plausibility is of philosophical interest, I present an argument based on the debate over the rationality of theistic belief and the concept of God. To show that conceptual plausibility is philosophically feasible, I first show that it cannot be reduced to propositional plausibility. Next, I offer a minimally precise characterization of conceptual plausibility; I approach this from a qualitative and comparative perspective as well. Finally, I show how these qualitative and comparative criteria of conceptual plausibility might be applied to the debate over the rationality of theistic belief and the concept of God.
Why care? How filial responsibility norms and relationship quality matter for subsequent provision of care to ageing parents
Authors: Vangen Hanna , Herlofson Katharina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow to meet the demands of long-term care is a pressing issue in ageing societies. In most countries, care systems depend on the capability and willingness of family members to fill the gap between existing needs and formal service provision. Understanding the motivations of adult children to engage in parent care is, therefore, of central importance. The existing research literature offers different explanations, and here we concentrate on two key perspectives: normative and affectual commitments. Based on longitudinal data from two waves of the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation Study (2007 and 2017), we investigate to what extent adult children's previous attitudes towards filial responsibility norms and their perceived quality of the relationship to parents (in 2007) are associated with subsequent care-giving to ageing mothers and fathers (in 2017). The analyses show no evidence of a correlation between support of general filial responsibility norms and provision of help and care 10 years later. Perceived quality of the relationship, on the other hand, is associated with subsequent help and care-giving. The patterns are similar for daughters and sons. We conclude that within the context of a comprehensive welfare state, like the Norwegian, care-giving seems to be more of an individual choice than a societal prescription.
Evidence for the external validity of the Consumer Choice Index Six Dimension (CCI-6D) for people living in residential aged care with dementia
Authors: Milte Rachel Kathleen , Jadczak Agathe Daria , Visvanathan Renuka , Ratcliffe Julie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe large proportion of people living in residential aged care services with dementia necessitates that any instrument used to measure quality of care is meaningful and practical to be completed by this group. This study assessed the external validity of using the Consumer Choice Index Six Dimension (CCI-6D) instrument to assess quality of care in a large sample of people living in residential aged care, including those with dementia. We applied the CCI-6D with 446 residents along with a range of measures of clinical and functional status and a measure of dementia-specific quality of life, the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD). Resident's cognitive abilities ranged from no evidence of cognitive impairment through to severe dementia. A high proportion of participants reported they felt very at home in their own room (82%, N = 367), while a lower proportion reported they could undertake meaningful activities that made them feel valued often (37%, N = 163). We identified moderate correlations between quality of care and quality of life, as measured through the QOL-AD utility score. Those with moderate dementia were significantly more likely to report poorer quality of care than those with no or mild dementia. This study provides further evidence for the use of the CCI-6D instrument to assess quality of care from the perspective of the individual receiving care even among those with living with dementia. Residents living with moderate dementia reported lower quality of care than those living with mild or without dementia, indicating the risks of poor care quality among this group.
Clara Schumann: Changing Identities and Legacies
Authors: Davies Joe , Grimes Nicole 
Published: May 2023

In the course of the last two hundred years, different facets of Clara Schumann's artistic, creative and performative persona have been highlighted and different narratives have been produced. As the articles to follow demonstrate, these facets include Clara Schumann as a performer, an improviser, a virtuoso, a priestess, a prophetess, a celebrity, a composer and a curator of flowers and photographs. The Introduction and four research articles in this issue devoted to Schumann suggest in multifaceted ways that her creative identities and legacies are open to new ways of being contextualized in both historical and contemporary contexts. This journal issue initiates important conversations and provides some constructive starting points for considering the nature of Clara Schumann's identities and their legacies, and for pondering how Clara Schumann can help us to think afresh about identity and legacy as concepts.Grappling with a range of sources in both German and English, this Introduction to the issue embraces the fluid intersections in Clara Schumann's creative world between the visual and the tactile, the sonic and the corporeal. It explores the changing images of Schumann from her lifetime to the present day and reconsiders her creativity from our current perspective.
Significance of Short‐Wavelength Magnetic Anomaly Low Along the East Pacific Rise Axis, 9°50′N
Authors: Berrios‐Rivera Natalia , Gee Jeffrey S. , Parnell‐Turner Ross , Maher Sarah , Wu Jyun‐Nai , Fornari Daniel , Tivey Maurice , Marjanović Milena , Barreyre Thibaut , McDermott Jill 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagnetic anomaly variations near mid‐ocean ridge spreading centers are sensitive to a variety of crustal accretionary processes as well as geomagnetic field variations when the crust forms. We collected near‐bottom vector magnetic anomaly data during a series of 21 autonomous underwater vehicle Sentry dives near 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) covering ∼26 km along‐axis. These data document the 2–3 km wide axial anomaly high that is commonly observed at fast‐spreading ridges but also reveal the presence of a superimposed ∼800 m full wavelength anomaly low. The anomaly low is continuous for ≥13 km along axis and may extend over the entire survey region. A more detailed survey of hydrothermal vents near 9°50.3′N reveals ∼100 m diameter magnetic lows, which are misaligned relative to active vents and therefore cannot explain the continuous axial low. The axial magnetization low persists in magnetic inversions with variable extrusive source thickness, indicating that to the extent to which layer 2A constitutes the sole magnetic source, variations in its thickness alone cannot account for the axial low. Lava accumulation models illustrate that high geomagnetic intensity over the past ∼2.5 kyr, and decreasing intensity over the past ∼900 years, are both consistent with the broad axial anomaly high and the superimposed shorter wavelength low. The continuity of this axial low, and similar features elsewhere on the EPR suggests, that either crustal accretionary processes responsible for this anomaly are common among fast‐spread ridges, or that the observed magnetization low may partially reflect global geomagnetic intensity fluctuations.
Comparative impact of streptozotocin on altering normal glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats compared to normoglycemic rats
Authors: Rehman Habib ur , Ullah Kaleem , Rasool Aamir , Manzoor Robina , Yuan Yu , Tareen Abdul Malik , Kaleem Imdad , Riaz Naveeda , Hameed Sahir , Bashir Shahid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a syndrome and an endocrine disorder, primarily considered as a loss of glucose homeostasis because of the insulin action and/or secretion or both. Currently there are more than 150 million people in the world affected by diabetes mellitus with a higher share of Asian and European countries. The current study aimed to investigate the comparative altering properties of streptozotocin (STZ), based on up-turn and down-turn configuration of biochemical, toxicological and hematological parameters in comparison with normoglycemic male albino rats. This comparative study was conducted among normoglycemic and STZ based induced-type 2 diabetic male albino rats groups. The male albino rats were intra-peritoneally injected with STZ with the dose rate of 65 mg/kg body weight for one time to developed type 2 diabetic model. Biochemical (blood glucose, uric acid, urea and creatinine), toxicological (AST, ALT and ALP) and hematological parameters (red and white blood cells) and their functional indices were evaluated in type 2 diabetic induced group along with normoglycemic rats. The STZ based induced- type 2 diabetic rats showed statistically significance (p < 0.001) higher level in the blood glucose, alongwith the change in the levels of biochemical parameters including urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Toxicological parameters comprising AST, ALT and ALP were also shown significance (p < 0.001) as sufficient after experimental evaluation of biologically important parameter in STZ based induced-type 2 diabetic rats. Likewise, the red blood cells, white blood cells and their efficient components were exposed significantly insufficient after the injecting of STZ to induce the rats as type 2 diabetic. The results of the current study indicates the comparatively higher levels of variation among biochemical, toxicological and hematological parameters in STZ based Induced-type 2 diabetic model as compared to normoglycemic group.
Discovery of interconnected causal drivers of COVID-19 vaccination intentions in the US using a causal Bayesian network
Authors: Fung Henry , Sgaier Sema K. , Huang Vincent S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHolistic interventions to overcome COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy require a system-level understanding of the interconnected causes and mechanisms that give rise to it. However, conventional correlative analyses do not easily provide such nuanced insights. We used an unsupervised, hypothesis-free causal discovery algorithm to learn the interconnected causal pathways to vaccine intention as a causal Bayesian network (BN), using data from a COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy survey in the US in early 2021. We identified social responsibility, vaccine safety and anticipated regret as prime candidates for interventions and revealed a complex network of variables that mediate their influences. Social responsibility’s causal effect greatly exceeded that of other variables. The BN revealed that the causal impact of political affiliations was weak compared with more direct causal factors. This approach provides clearer targets for intervention than regression, suggesting it can be an effective way to explore multiple causal pathways of complex behavioural problems to inform interventions.
Design of a water-soluble chitosan-based polymer with antioxidant and chelating properties for labile iron extraction
Authors: Grange Coralie , Aigle Axel , Ehrlich Victor , Salazar Ariza Juan Felipe , Brichart Thomas , Da Cruz-Boisson Fernande , David Laurent , Lux François , Tillement Olivier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLoosely bound iron, due to its contribution to oxidative stress and inflammation, has become an important therapeutic target for many diseases. A water-soluble chitosan-based polymer exhibiting both antioxidant and chelating properties due to the dual functionalization with DOTAGA and DFO has been developed to extract this iron therefore preventing its catalytic production of reactive oxygen species. This functionalized chitosan was shown to have stronger antioxidant properties compared to conventional chitosan, improved iron chelating properties compared to the clinical therapy, deferiprone, and provided promising results for its application and improved metal extraction within a conventional 4 h hemodialysis session with bovine plasma.
Seasonal variation in δ13C of Pinus. yunnanensis and Pinus. armandii at different stand ages
Authors: Liu Yuanxi , Wu Junwen , Wu Danzi , Li Shiming , Wang Lina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeasonal drought is common in Yunnan province, and water is the dominant factor limiting the growth of Pinus. yunnanensis and Pinus. armandii. The water use efficiency (WUE) of the two species is poorly understood. Needles were collected in a plantation (P. yunnanensis and P. armandii mixed forest) in four seasons, and the needle δ13C values were measured. The selected species had larger δ13C values and exhibited higher WUE than typical subtropical species. P. armandii needles showed a more conservative water use strategy (high WUE) than P. yunnanensis. There were significant differences in the δ13C values of P. armandii between the two ages, whereas no difference was observed in the δ13C values of P. yunnanensis. The lowest δ13C value in the young P. armandii forest was observed in spring, whereas the δ13C value of middle-aged forests did not differ between the seasons. The δ13C value of young P. yunnanensis forests showed no difference in the four seasons, and the maximum value was observed in summer in middle-aged forests. In general, the δ13C value of P. armandii was lowest in spring, whereas that of P. yunnanensis was higher in spring and winter. The needle δ13C values were lower in spring and winter, indicating that the season had different effects on the δ13C values of different tree species. Correlation analysis between the needle δ13C values and meteorological data indicated that temperature and precipitation were the dominant factors affecting WUE in P. yunnanensis and P. armandii. The effect of temperature on WUE was greater in P. yunnanensis middle-aged forests. The identification and selection of subtropical tree species with high WUE are critical to maintaining high levels of forest benefits under limited water conditions.