bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective service coverage of long-term care among older persons in South Korea
Authors: Leigh Ja-Ho , Lee Hyejin , Yoon Jaehong , Han Eun-Jeong , Park Eunok , Jung Tong Ryoung , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Han Zee-A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Global population aging, and the accelerated increase in the number of oldest-old adults, over 80 years, has implied a heightened need for long-term care (LTC). We aimed to provide a theoretical care cascade of LTC services to assess publicly funded LTC (Analysis 1) and to investigate the association between the use of LTC insurance (LTCI) and unmet care needs among older people (Analysis 2) in South Korea.

Methods
Analysis 1 used data from the eighth wave (2020) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), the 2020 National Health Insurance Service LTCI Statistical YearBook and the 2020 National Awareness Survey of LTCI. The care cascade consisted of the target population, service contacts, coverage and outcomes. Analysis 2 used the fifth to eighth waves of KLoSA, and LTCI analysis was based on three groups: not aware, aware but do not use and aware and use. Unmet care needs were defined as the absence of help among older people with care needs.

Results
Among 8,489,208 people aged 65 or older in 2020, 1,368,148 (16.1%) were estimated to want care. Of these, 62.7% (N = 857,984) had LTCI service contact and 807,067 (94.1%) of those had used LTCI services in the past year (Analysis 1). Older people who were aware and used LTCI were less likely to report unmet activities of daily living (ADL) (prevalence ratio (PR): 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18–0.66) or unmet instrumental ADL (IADL) needs (PR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.17–0.43) than those who were not aware (Analysis 2).

Conclusions
This article provides a theoretical cascade to assess LTC provision in South Korea and a preliminary model for other countries. Korea’s LTCI is associated with reduced unmet ADL and IADL needs.
Reinscribing global hierarchies: COVID–19, racial capitalism and the liberal international order
Authors: Papamichail Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The COVID–19 pandemic led to debates within International Relations (IR) as to the extent to which it would cause a rupture in the so-called liberal international order (LIO). This article is concerned with why such a rupture did not occur and draws on theories of racial capitalism to answer this question. It explores the political economy of three dynamics of the global response to the pandemic—lockdowns, border controls and vaccine distribution—and argues that rather than causing a rupture, COVID–19 has reinscribed various domestic and global racial hierarchies. The global divisions of labour and hierarchies of expendability that manifested in the unequal burdens of COVID–19; the border policies that both included and excluded based on racialized notions of who carries disease and the necessity of keeping capital in circulation; and the intellectual property regime and profit motives of pharmaceutical companies that led to inequitable vaccine distribution, are all intimately linked with key ideational and material institutions of the LIO. By drawing theories of racial capitalism into the IR literature on global health, the article points to the need for domestic and global health policy to address the deep-rooted racial inequities that characterized the COVID–19 pandemic ahead of future disease outbreaks.
The Trump presidency, Russia and Ukraine: explaining incoherence
Authors: Deyermond Ruth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines the Trump administration's policy on Russian aggression in Ukraine and the problem of incoherence in Trump's foreign policy. It argues that the Trump administration's policy on Russia–Ukraine was characterized by incoherence, an absence of clear relationships between the views of senior administration members and official policy, and an unprecedented lack of transparency. Its policy on Russian aggression in Ukraine highlights the unconventional behaviour of the Trump administration as a foreign policy-making body, something which limits the ability of the foreign policy analysis (FPA) field to explain Trump policy. It argues that assumptions about foreign policy and the methods for researching it need to be rethought when administration practices fall so far outside US foreign policy-making norms, particularly in an era when changes in United States domestic politics mean that the Trump administration may not remain a unique case.
Duodenocaval fistula after bevacizumab therapy: case presentation and complete overview of the literature
Authors: Giordano Alessio , Moroni Francesco , Gosmar Alessandra , Passagnoli Federico , Jeong Juhye , Menici Francesco , Baraghini Maddalena , Mirasolo Vita M , Campiglia Laura , Michelagnoli Stefano , Cantafio Stefano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Duodenocaval fistula (DCF) is a very rare condition and is associated with a 41.1% of mortality rate. Although ingested foreign bodies, peptic ulcer disease and radiotherapy are often the etiologies described, only three patients have been described who developed DCF after bevacizumab therapy. We report a case of a 58-year-old woman with a history of ovarian neoplasia and subsequent surgical treatments, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with bevacizumab with the appearance of a spontaneous DCF after 6 months at the end of this therapy. The multidisciplinary approach between oncologist and vascular surgeon together with the support of the anesthesiology team allowed the DFC to be treated surgically through the suture of the inferior vena cava and the duodenal breach. The patient was discharged on the 14th postoperative day and we found no postoperative morbidities both immediately and after 30 and 60 days.
Hybrid robot-assisted abdominoperineal resection supported by simultaneous trans-perineal approach for anal gland adenocarcinoma with vaginal invasion: a case report
Authors: Imaizumi Ken , Kasajima Hiroyuki , Ito Keiichiro , Fukasawa Takumu , Odagiri Makoto , Yamana Daisuke , Tsuruga Yosuke , Umehara Minoru , Kurushima Michihiro , Munakata Satoru , Shimoyama Norihiko , Nakanishi Kazuaki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hybrid surgery (abdominal robotic approach with a trans-anal approach) has been reported to improve oncological outcomes in cases involving advanced cancer or technical difficulties. A 74-year-old woman presented with anal pain and stenosis. Examination revealed palpable sclerosis on the anterior wall at the anal verge with possible vaginal invasion. A biopsy revealed an adenocarcinoma. We performed a two-team robot-assisted abdominoperineal resection combined with resection of the vagina supported by a simultaneous trans-perineal approach. After rendezvous at the posterior side, the abdominal team cut the posterior wall of the vaginal vault while the perineal team confirmed the surgical margin. Histopathological findings identified the tumour as an anal gland adenocarcinoma (pT4b [vagina] N0M0 pathological stage IIC) with a negative circumferential resection margin. Hybrid surgery combined with resection of the posterior wall of the vagina may be performed safely and is a valuable surgical option for multimodal treatment of anal adenocarcinomas.
Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Healthcare Utilization Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Montano-Campos J Felipe , Stout Jason E , Pettit April C , Okeke Nwora Lance 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
We previously identified 3 latent classes of healthcare utilization among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH): adherent, nonadherent, and sick. Although membership in the “nonadherent” group was associated with subsequent disengagement from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care, socioeconomic predictors of class membership remain unexplored.

Methods
We validated our healthcare utilization–based latent class model of PWH receiving care at Duke University (Durham, North Carolina) using patient-level data from 2015 to 2018. SDI scores were assigned to cohort members based on residential addresses. Associations of patient-level covariates with class membership were estimated using multivariable logistic regression and movement between classes was estimated using latent transition analysis.

Results
A total of 1443 unique patients (median age of 50 years, 28% female sex at birth, 57% Black) were included in the analysis. PWH in the most disadvantaged (highest) SDI decile were more likely to be in the “nonadherent” class than the remainder of the cohort (odds ratio [OR], 1.58 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .95–2.63]) and were significantly more likely to be in the “sick” class (OR, 2.65 [95% CI, 2.13–3.30]). PWH in the highest SDI decile were also more likely to transition into and less likely to transition out of the “sick” class.

Conclusions
PWH who resided in neighborhoods with high levels of social deprivation were more likely to have latent class membership in suboptimal healthcare utilization groupings, and membership persisted over time. Risk stratification models based on healthcare utilization may be useful tools in the early identification of persons at risk for suboptimal HIV care engagement.
Health outcomes of age at menarche in European women: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lv Yang , Xia Xing , Lei Lei , Xiang Wei , Wu Xuan , Xie Songbo , Li Jie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Observational studies have shown an association between age at menarche (AAM) and the risk of gynecological diseases. However, the causality cannot be determined due to residual confounding.

Methods
We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal effect of AAM on several gynecological diseases, including endometriosis, female infertility, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, uterine fibroids, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used as genetic instruments. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the primary approach and several other MR models were conducted for comparison. Cochran’s Q test, Egger’s intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were conducted for sensitivity analysis. Radial MR analysis was conducted when detecting the existence of heterogeneity.

Results
After Bonferroni correction and thorough sensitivity analysis, we observed a robust causal effect of AAM on endometrial cancer (odds ratio: 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.89; P = 4.61 × 10−5) and breast cancer (odds ratio: 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.98; P = .003). Sensitivity analysis found little evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. The inverse variance weighted method also detected weak evidence of associations of AAM with endometriosis and pre-eclampsia or eclampsia.

Conclusions
This MR study demonstrated a causal effect of AAM on gynecological diseases, especially for breast cancer and endometrial cancer, which indicates AAM might be a promising index to use for disease screening and prevention in clinical practice.
Key messages What is already known on this topic – Observational studies have reported associations between age at menarche (AAM) and a variety of gynecological diseases but the causality has not been determined. What this study adds – This Mendelian randomization study demonstrated that AAM causally affects the risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy – The findings of our study imply that AAM could be a candidate marker for early screening of populations at higher risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer.
Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with increased prevalence of valvular heart diseases: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Eid Siwar , Sharif Kassem , McGonagle Dennis , Patt Yonatan Shneor , Tsur Avishai M , Adawi Mohammad , Cohen Arnon D , Amital Howard , Watad Abdulla 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the sacroiliac joint and axial skeleton with associated extra-articular involvement including cardiovascular system disease including aortic valve disease with variable reported prevalence. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of heart valve disorders in AS patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study that retrieved data from the Clalit Health Services registry. Cases were defined as having AS, whereas controls were frequency matched by age and sex in a ratio of 5:1. The prevalence of valvular heart diseases was compared between the two groups; a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association after controlling for potential confounders.

Results
We included 4082 AS patients and 20 397 controls frequency matched by age and sex. AS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (P &lt; .001) and a higher prevalence of valvular heart disease. In the multivariate logistic regression model, adjusting for multiple confounding factors, AS was independently associated with aortic stenosis [odds ratio (OR): 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–3.23, P &lt; 0.001], aortic insufficiency (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.50–3.94, P &lt; 0.001), and mitral insufficiency (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.17–2.61, P &lt; 0.001) but not mitral stenosis (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.60–2.70, P = 0.47).

Conclusions
Our study reports the increased risk of valvular heart diseases in patients with AS, possibly due to the inflammatory milieu associated with the disease process and the result of biomechanical stress affecting the enthesis-like valvular structures.
Phosphate toxicity and SERCA2a dysfunction in sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Brown Ronald B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlmost half of the people who die from sudden cardiac arrest have no detectable heart disease. Among children and young adults, the cause of approximately one‐third of deaths from sudden cardiac arrest remains unexplained after thorough examination. Sudden cardiac arrest and related sudden cardiac death are attributed to dysfunctional cardiac ion‐channels. The present perspective paper proposes a pathophysiological mechanism by which phosphate toxicity from cellular accumulation of dysregulated inorganic phosphate interferes with normal calcium handling in the heart, leading to sudden cardiac arrest. During cardiac muscle relaxation following contraction, SERCA2a pumps actively transport calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, powered by ATP hydrolysis that produces ADP and inorganic phosphate end products. Reviewed evidence supports the proposal that end‐product inhibition of SERCA2a occurs as increasing levels of inorganic phosphate drive up phosphate toxicity and bring cardiac function to a sudden and unexpected halt. The paper concludes that end‐product inhibition from ATP hydrolysis is the mediating factor in the association of sudden cardiac arrest with phosphate toxicity. However, current technology lacks the ability to directly measure this pathophysiological mechanism in active myocardium, and further research is needed to confirm phosphate toxicity as a risk factor in individuals with sudden cardiac arrest. Moreover, phosphate toxicity may be reduced through modification of dietary phosphate intake, with potential for employing low‐phosphate dietary interventions to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac arrest.
Shared and distinct pathways and networks genetically linked to coronary artery disease between human and mouse
Authors: Kurt Zeyneb , Cheng Jenny , McQuillen Caden N. , Saleem Zara , Hsu Neil , Jiang Nuoya , Barrere-Cain Rio , Pan Calvin , Franzen Oscar , Koplev Simon , Wang Susanna , Bjorkegren Johan , Lusis Aldons J. , Blencowe Montgomery , Yang Xia 
Published: June 2023

SummaryMouse models have been used extensively to study human coronary artery disease (CAD) or atherosclerosis and to test therapeutic targets. However, whether mouse and human share similar genetic factors and pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis has not been thoroughly investigated in a data-driven manner. We conducted a cross-species comparison study to better understand atherosclerosis pathogenesis between species by leveraging multiomics data. Specifically, we compared genetically driven and thus CAD-causal gene networks and pathways, by using human GWAS of CAD from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium and mouse GWAS of atherosclerosis from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP) followed by integration with functional multiomics human (STARNET and GTEx) and mouse (HMDP) databases. We found that mouse and human shared >75% of CAD causal pathways. Based on network topology, we then predicted key regulatory genes for both the shared pathways and species-specific pathways, which were further validated through the use of single cell data and the latest CAD GWAS. In sum, our results should serve as a much-needed guidance for which human CAD-causal pathways can or cannot be further evaluated for novel CAD therapies using mouse models.
Differences in the transcriptome response in the gills of sea lamprey acutely exposed to 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), niclosamide or a TFM:niclosamide mixture
Authors: Lawrence M.J. , Grayson P. , Jeffrey J.D. , Docker M.F. , Garroway C.J. , Wilson J.M. , Manzon R.G. , Wilkie M.P. , Jeffries K.M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America makes use of two pesticides: 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide, which are often co-applied. Sea lamprey appear to be vulnerable to these agents resulting from a lack of detoxification responses with evidence suggesting that lampricide mixtures produce a synergistic effect. However, there is a lack of information pertaining to the physiological responses of sea lamprey to niclosamide and TFM:niclosamide mixtures. Here, we characterized the transcriptomic responses of the sea lamprey to TFM, niclosamide, and a TFM:niclosamide (1.5%) mixture in the gill. Along with a control, larval sea lamprey were exposed to each treatment for 6 h, after which gill tissues were extracted for measuring whole-transcriptome responses using RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression patterns were summarized, which included identifying the broad roles of genes and common expression patterns among the treatments. While niclosamide treatment resulted in no differentially expressed genes, TFM- and mixture-treated fish had several differentially expressed genes that were associated with the cell cycle, DNA damage, metabolism, immune function, and detoxification. However, there was no common differential expression among treatments. For the first time, we characterized the transcriptomic response of sea lamprey to niclosamide and a TFM:niclosamide mixture and identified that these agents impact mRNA transcript abundance of genes associated with the cell cycle and cellular death, and immune function, which are likely mediated through mitochondrial dysregulation. These results may help to inform the production of more targeted and effective lampricides in sea lamprey control efforts.
Thin Microfluidic Chips with Active Valves
Authors: Prajapati Ekta , Giri Pravin Shankar , Rath Subha Narayan , Kumar Shishir 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report the fabrication of very thin microfluidic active and passive devices on rigid and flexible substrates for sample-space-restricted applications. Thin glass coverslips are commonly used substrates, but these being fragile often crack during experiments, leading to device failure. Here, we used PET as a flexible substrate to fabricate robust thin devices. We proposed a simpler process for PET-PDMS bonding without any silane, adhesive, and/or plasma treatment. We presented the compatibility of the thin devices with a digital in-line holographic microscope (DIHM) as a use case. The substitution of the conventional microscope with DIHM in microfluidic large-scale integrated systems renders simplicity, cost-effectiveness, portability, and miniaturization of the overall system. It also enables a customized and parallel multisite optical observation for a complex microfluidic circuit chip. These chips comprise various microfluidic components made of active microvalves, particularly Quake valves. We also successfully demonstrated the function of microvalves fabricated with our method to regulate the fluidic flow. Thus, are suited to making sophisticated microfluidic circuit chips to fit a variety of applications like organ-on-chip, cell culture, wearable biosensors, pressure sensors, etc.
Post-acquisition super resolution for cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Burton-Smith Raymond N. , Murata Kazuyoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSuper resolution detector acquisition for cryo-EM has been used to improve the clarity of cryo-EM reconstructions. Recent reports have demonstrated achieving resolutions beyond the physical Nyquist limit using super resolution acquisition. Here, we demonstrate exceeding the physical Nyquist limitation by pre-processing the raw micrograph movies from “counting mode” data which has already reached physical Nyquist reconstruction resolution. To demonstrate functionality, micrograph movies of five datasets were pre-processed and demonstrate that it is possible to exceed the physical Nyquist limit via pixel doubling before motion correction. We call this “post-acquisition super resolution”, or PASR. While this was originally developed for processing of giant virus datasets, where acquiring at high magnification is not always possible or desirable, it is also shown to work for smaller objects such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) and apoferritin, both of which are still high symmetry, and jack bean urease, with lower symmetry. PASR could reduce the magnification required to achieve desired resolutions, which may increase collection efficiency. PASR can also be of use for in vivo tomography and facilities with high storage demands. However, this method should only be used for data which is able to achieve the Nyquist limit without PASR pre-processing. It will not improve attained resolutions of data which does not already reach the Nyquist limit.
Saturation Genome Editing Resolves the Functional Spectrum of PathogenicVHLAlleles
Authors: Buckley Megan , Kajba Christina M. , Forrester Nicole , Terwagne Chloé , Sawyer Chelsea , Shepherd Scott T.C. , Jonghe Joachim De , Dace Phoebe , Turajlic Samra , Findlay Gregory M. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTTo maximize the impact of precision medicine approaches, it is critical to accurately identify genetic variants in cancer-associated genes with functional consequences. Yet, our knowledge of rare variants conferring clinically relevant phenotypes and the mechanisms through which they act remains highly limited. A tumor suppressor gene exemplifying the challenge of variant interpretation isVHL.VHLencodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the cellular response to hypoxia. Germline pathogenic variants inVHLpredispose patients to tumors including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pheochromocytoma, and somaticVHLmutations are frequently observed in sporadic renal cancer. Here, we optimize and apply Saturation Genome Editing (SGE) to assay nearly all possible single nucleotide variants (SNVs) acrossVHL’s coding sequence. To delineate mechanisms, we quantify mRNA dosage effects over time and compare effects in isogenic cell lines. Function scores for 2,268VHLSNVs identify a core set of pathogenic alleles driving ccRCC with perfect accuracy, inform differential risk across tumor types, and reveal novel mechanisms by which variants impact function. These results have immediate utility for classifyingVHLvariants encountered in both germline testing and tumor profiling and illustrate how precise functional measurements can resolve pleiotropic and dosage-dependent genotype-phenotype relationships across complete genes.