bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of shock pressure and erosion characteristics of high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet: Exploration for improving coalbed methane extraction efficiency
Authors: Shu Longyong , Fan Yongpeng , Yang Yunlong , Song Xin , Guo Haijun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoalbed methane extraction promotes energy exploitation and alleviates the greenhouse effect. This study aimed to analyze the technical potential of a high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet in increasing coalbed permeability and promoting coalbed methane extraction. A well‐designed experimental setup was used to investigate the erosion characteristics of a high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet. Through the shock pressure monitoring and erosion tests of the jet, the effects of pump pressure, mixer structure, and nozzle structure on the shock pressure and rock‐breaking performance were studied, and the rock‐breaking mechanism of the high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet was examined. The results showed that the nonuniformity of mixing and the expansibility of high‐pressure gas continually alters high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jets between single and multiple streams, which makes the jet show obvious pulse effects and considerably improves the rock‐breaking performance. Furthermore, reasonable air pump pressure and water pump pressure settings significantly increase the shock area, whereas the maximum shock pressure only decreases slightly. Although the shock pressure of a high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet decreases with the increase in air pump pressure, its shock efficiency first increases and then decreases with the increase in air pump pressure. To improve the erosion efficiency of a high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet, the settings of the air pump pressure and water pump pressure is crucial, but the optimal air pump pressure differs for different water pump pressures. Additionally, the greater the angle between the gas and liquid inlets, the greater the energy loss of the fluid during the mixing. Finally, the rock‐breaking performance showed that the optimal nozzle structure is the single‐cone nozzle.
Application of biomarkers in characterization of organic matter source, maturity and palaeoredox condition of black shales from the upper Permian Dalong Formation in Southern Anhui Province, South China
Authors: Ding Jianghui , Sun Jinsheng , Nie Haikuan , Yang Xiangtong , Ye Yu , Shi Gang , Wang Ruyi , Huang Bo , Li Huili 
Published: February 2023

The organic‐rich shale in the upper Permian Dalong Formation in Southern Anhui Province is not only regarded as a high‐quality hydrocarbon source rock, but one of the potential targets for shale oil and gas exploration in Southern China. Organic matter types in such a setting remain a subject of debate. The major point of controversy is whether they are dominated by oil‐prone types or gas‐prone types. A total of 20 rock samples collected from Gangdi‐1 well were conducted for analysis of organic geochemistry. Results show that Dalong Formation shale extracts exhibit a wide range of C12‐C35 n‐alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids. The chromatograms display an unimodal distribution with carbon peak in the range of nC18‐nC22 and low quantities of long‐chain (nC25+) n‐alkanes. Relatively high ratios of nC21‐/nC22+ and C27/C29 regular steranes demonstrate that organic matter is mainly originated from lower aquatic organisms and followed by higher plants in a local area. This is also supported by the variations of the δ13C values of C13‐C26 n‐alkanes for the target samples being in the range of 3.0‰–5.6‰ offset, which is slightly higher than the corresponding value (1.6‰) of n‐alkanes from a single source. All these pieces of information decipher that the organic matter in Dalong Formation shale may be dominated by type I and followed by type II1. Moreover, the maturity proxies according to both organic petrography (Ro and Tmax) and biomarkers such as ratios of C29 20 S/(20 S + 20R) and C29 ββ/(αα + ββ) together indicate that organic matter in Dalong Formation shale is in a mature stage of hydrocarbon generation. Furthermore, a cross‐plot of total organic carbon versus total sulphur as well as Pr/Ph ratio and Pr/nC17‐Ph/nC18 diagram elucidates that Dalong Formation shales were mainly formed in a marine reducing environment. Finally, two depositional models of organic matter enrichment are proposed. The abundant lower aquatic organisms with few terrestrial detrital inputs and the reducing water environment together promote organic matter accumulation.
Benefits and barriers to engagement of mental health caregivers in advisory roles: Results from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Clark Cynthia , Dorland Alexis , Jaworska Natalia , McQuaid Robyn J. , Langlois Michèle , Dzierszinski Florence 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsMental health institutions and community organizations have had difficulty recruiting patients and caregivers onto their Patient, Family, and Community Advisory Committees (PFACs). Previous research has focused on barriers and enablers of engaging patients and caregivers who have advisory experience. This study acknowledges the experiential difference between patients and caregivers by focusing only on caregivers; further, we compare the barriers and enablers between advising versus non‐advising caregivers of loved ones with mental illness.MethodsData from a cross‐sectional survey codesigned by researchers, staff, clients, and caregiver affiliated with a tertiary mental health center were completed by n = 84 caregivers (n = 40 past/current PFAC advising caregivers; n = 44 non‐advising caregivers).ResultsCaregivers were disproportionately female and late middle‐aged. Advising and non‐advising caregivers differed on employment status. There were no differences of the demographics of their care‐recipients. More non‐advising caregivers reported being hindered from PFAC engagement by family‐related duties and interpersonal demands. Finally, more advising caregivers considered being publicly acknowledged as important.ConclusionsAdvising and non‐advising caregivers of loved ones with mental illness were similar in demographics and in reporting the enablers and hindrances that impact PFAC engagement. Nevertheless, our data highlights specific considerations that institutions/organizations should consider when recruiting and retaining caregivers on PFACs.Patient or Public ContributionThis project was led by a caregiver advisor to address a need she saw in the community. The surveys were codesigned by a team of two caregivers, one patient, and one researcher. The surveys were reviewed by a group of five caregivers external to the project. The results of the surveys were discussed with two caregivers involved directly with the project.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide alters body composition and ameliorates metabolic disorders induced by a high‐fat diet
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhu Wenjuan , Wang Meng , Xi Pengjiao , Wang Haomin , Tian Derun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObesity is caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, leading to excessive adipose tissue accumulation. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important molecule in energy and signal transduction, and NAD+ supplementation therapy is a new treatment for obesity in recent years. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is an energy metabolism regulator. The relationship between NAD+ and LKB1 has only been studied in the heart and has not yet been reported in obesity. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), as a direct precursor of NAD+, can effectively enhance the level of NAD+. In the current study, we showed that NMN intervention altered body composition in obese mice, characterized by a reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean mass. NMN reversed high‐fat diet‐induced blood lipid levels then contributed to reducing hepatic steatosis. NMN also improved glucose tolerance and alleviated adipose tissue inflammation. Moreover, our data suggested that NMN supplementation may be depends on the NAD+/SIRT6/LKB1 pathway to regulate brown adipose metabolism. These results provided new evidence for NMN in obesity treatment.
Reducing problematic social media use via a package intervention
Authors: Stinson Lesleigh , Dallery Jesse 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProblematic social media use can be characterized as that which interferes with relationships, work, school, or sleep. Currently, there are no empirically supported treatments for reducing problematic social media use. We tested a package intervention to reduce the daily duration of social media use measured by a smartphone application with nine undergraduate students who scored as “addicted” to social media via a version of the Internet Addiction Test. The package intervention included contingency management, automated notifications of application use, and the selection of alternative activities. The package intervention was effective at reducing the daily duration of social media use to goal levels, or below, for all participants. Eight out of nine participants showed a decrease in their Internet Addiction Test scores from pre‐ to postintervention, and overall, participants did not show an increase in the time spent engaged in their selected alternative activities. These findings demonstrate that social media use is amenable to behavioral treatment.
On hidden anisotropy of formally charged fragments
Authors: Shaimardanov Arslan R. , Shulga Dmitry A. , Palyulin Vladimir A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe proper and precise reproduction of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) is crucial to describe correctly electrostatic interactions in molecular modeling. Most of the classical molecular mechanics force fields for biomolecules and drug‐like molecules use the atom‐centered point charges to describe MEP. However, it has been systematically pointed out in literature that such an approximation is not always enough, and some groups, like amino group or heavy halogens, require the use of anisotropic model for better description of their MEP. At the same time, the formally charged groups have not been as extensively and systematically studied as their neutral counterparts. In this report, we demonstrate that the anisotropic models for formally charged groups do bring improvements in the reference MEP reproduction, that are comparable in magnitude to those for neutral groups.
Basic sonographic examination of the fetal brain at 11–13 weeks' gestation: Rationale for a simple and reliable four‐step technique
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo , Garcia‐Rodriguez Raquel , Martinez‐Ten Pilar , Tonni Gabriele , Grisolia Gianpaolo , Meagher Simon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe widespread incorporation of first‐trimester scanning between 11 and 13 weeks' gestation has shifted from the screening of chromosomal abnormalities, mainly by measuring nuchal translucency thickness and visualization of the nasal bone, to a more detailed study of the fetal anatomy leading to early detection of several structural congenital anomalies. This goal can be improved by the routine and focused sonographic assessment of specific anatomic planes and the identification of distinctive landmarks that can help disclosing a particular, non‐evident condition. In this article we present the basis for a basic, early examination of the fetal brain during screening using a four‐step technique, which can be readily incorporated during the first‐trimester scan. The technique includes the focused visualization of the cranial contour, choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles and midline, aqueduct of Sylvius, brainstem, fourth ventricle, and the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. The rationale for this approach is presented and discussed.
Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in treating immune‐related hepatitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor use: A retrospective study
Authors: Kadokawa Yukio , Inoue Satoko , Tatsumi Akitoshi , Uchida Mayako , Fujita Keiko , Takagi Mari , Inoue Takako , Ohe Shuichi , Nakai Yasutomo , Otsuka Tomoyuki , Abe Yutaro , Nakabori Tasuku , Isei Taiki , Kumagai Toru , Nishimura Kazuo , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimTo investigate the outcomes in eight Japanese patients with cancer treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroids for immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment‐induced severe immune‐related hepatitis (ir‐hepatitis) and the efficacy and safety of MMF.MethodsWe retrospectively examined patient background, treatment course, as well as examination and imaging data using electronic medical records.ResultsThe ratio of male to female patients was 7:1, and the median age was 60 years (27–72 years). There were five and two cases of kidney cancer and malignant melanoma, respectively, and one case of lung cancer. The median number of days until MMF administration in addition to systemic corticosteroid therapy after the onset of ir‐hepatitis was 14.5 (2–42). The patients were categorized as four “good responders” who showed an improvement in the liver function tests following MMF treatment and four “poor responders” who did not. Furthermore, the time from the onset of ir‐hepatitis to initial MMF administration was significantly shorter in good responders (median 3 days, range 2–15 days) than in poor responders (median 25.5 days, range 14–42 days) (P = 0.042). No significant intergroup difference was observed in other clinical factors. No serious adverse events caused by MMF were observed in any case.ConclusionsAccording to these findings, early recognition of corticosteroid refractoriness and the use of MMF may be beneficial in patients with ir‐hepatitis.
Dissecting the molecular profiling and tumor immune microenvironment of three subtypes of esophageal cancer
Authors: Yu Chaoqun , Xi Yong , Zhang Peng , He Ningning , Shen Weiyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGreat improvements have been made in the prognosis of esophageal cancer (ESCA) with the application of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, the majority of cases remain resistant to these regimens. Hence there is an urgent need to characterize the subtypes of ESCA with favorable survival outcome and drug responsiveness.MethodsWe characterized the malignant cells of ESCA and explored their communication with immune cells using the Cellchat algorithm. The ligand–receptor interaction pairs were then used as inputting information to identify the subtypes of ESCA by unsupervised clustering analysis. Further investigation aimed to dissect the different patterns of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), tumor mutation burden, immunotherapy responsiveness and drug sensitivity among the various subtypes of ESCA. A nomogram was also constructed to predict the survival rate of ESCA patients by conducting Cox regression and decision curve analysis.ResultsThree subtypes were identified based on the ligand–receptor interaction pairs. Patients in cluster 2 showed a longer survival time and less likelihood of response to immunotherapy compared with cluster 1 or 3. Eight hub genes were screened to construct a prognostic signature, which can stratify patients well into high‐ and low‐risk groups with distinct survival outcomes and drug sensitivities. The nomogram showed quite good performance in predicting patient survival rates of 1 and 3 years.ConclusionThis study characterized the molecular profiling and TIME patterns of three subtypes of ESCA. The relative findings will provide emergent insights for the treatment of ESCA.
Identifying methods to best integrate indigenous knowledge and perspectives within the radiation therapy undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Naidoo Thashmira , Chamunyonga Crispen , Burbery Julie , Rutledge Peta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Australian healthcare system continues to work towards close the gap to improve and achieve equality in health and life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. When culturally safe practice is forefront, it may be the driving force in improving Indigenous Australian healthcare outcomes. For students and practitioners to be equipped with the industry‐required cultural safety skills, we believe Indigenous Australian knowledge and perspectives must be effectively integrated into undergraduate education. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify the most effective teaching and learning methods and assessment tools to best integrate Indigenous knowledge and perspectives into undergraduate radiation therapy curriculum at Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed‐Medline were searched to access peer‐reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2022. A total of 591 articles were identified with 39 full‐text articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Methods of teaching and learning and independent assessment tools that promote cultural capability in undergraduate education were identified. Findings included intensive patient‐specific workshops, which were reported to provide students with an immersive learning experience, better preparing them for clinical placements and future practice. Additionally, other allied healthcare professions have utilised tools such as the Cultural Capability Management Tool (CCMT) and Trans‐Cultural Self‐Efficacy Tool (TSET) to quantitatively assess positive shifts and highlight developmental needs. These findings will inform current educational endeavours to promote cultural safety and the cultural capability continuum in the undergraduate radiation therapy curriculum.
Effects of long‐term fertilizer practices on rhizosphere soil nitrogen mineralization in the double‐cropping rice field
Authors: Lihong Shi , Haiming Tang , Li Wen , Geng Sun , Kaikai Cheng , Mei Sun , Weiyan Li , Yong Guo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNitrogen (N) was an important indictor in change of soil fertility, which was closely related with N mineralization process. However, there is still need to further study on how rhizosphere soil N mineralization in paddy field response to different fertilizer management. Therefore, the influence of long‐term (37‐years) fertilizer regime on rhizosphere soil N mineralization, ammonification and nitrification rates, and its relationship under the double‐cropping paddy field in southern of China were investigated in this study. The field experiment included following fertilizer regimes: inorganic fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and inorganic fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% inorganic fertilizer (OM), and no application of any fertilizer as a control (CK). The result indicated that rhizosphere soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, NO3‐N, and NH4‐N contents in paddy field with OM and RF treatments were increased. The result showed that rhizosphere soil NO2−‐N and mineral N contents with OM and RF treatments were increased, and the order of soil NO2−‐N and mineral N contents with all fertilizer treatments was showed as OM > RF > MF > CK. This result proved that soil aerobic and anaerobic N mineralization rates in paddy field with OM and RF treatments were higher than that of CK and MF treatments. Compared with MF treatment, soil ammonification rate with RF and OM treatments increased by 45.16% and 67.74%, soil nitrification rate with RF and OM treatments increased by 45.71% and 77.14%, respectively. There had significantly positively correlation between soil net mineralization, nitrification rate and SOC, total N contents. As a result, applied with rice straw and organic manure was a good measure to improve soil N mineralization in the double‐cropping rice field.
Purpose: From theory to practice
Authors: Jones‐Khosla L. A. , Gomes J. F. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile there is abundant discussion in business journals on the “how to” of purpose to achieve social good beyond profitability, academic research addressing the theoretical and practical impact of purpose on an organization's performance is limited. Some management scholars claim that organizations that are not purpose‐driven and fail to consider the needs of their relevant stakeholders will not be able to create long term value for their companies. There is also concern that organizations may use purpose to show intention towards social good but lack tangible actions to demonstrate their commitment. To determine whether purpose impacts the long‐term value creation of organizations, this research paper examined a deeper understanding of the meaning of purpose from both individual and organizational perspectives. With clarity on individual purpose as the ability for humans to consciously set their intentions to achieve good, organizational purpose can be considered as the conscious intentions of individuals to work collectively towards social good beyond the singular goal of profitability. Building on this theoretical understanding of purpose, together with an exploration of the shift occurring in organizational responsibility from a singular focus on shareholder returns towards stakeholder inclusivity, this paper proposes a Stakeholder Purpose Framework which links the impact of purpose to long‐term value creation by aligning an organization's purpose with their stakeholders and measuring the outcomes of relevant environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics. Activating this framework will provide analytical data supporting whether (or not) purpose does impact an organization's ability to create long‐term value.
Microbial biomass activity of a sodic Lixisol reclaimed with gypsum and clean water irrigation in urban vegetable systems of Burkina Faso
Authors: Zongo Nongma , Dao Juliane , Lompo Désiré Jean‐Pascal , Stenchly Kathrin , Steiner Christoph , Manka'abusi Delphine , Sedogo Michel Papaoba , Buerkert Andreas , Joergensen Rainer Georg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effects of gypsum application to remediate saline–sodic soils in the tropics and the role of microbial indicators in soil reclamation.AimsOur study aimed at (1) remediating a highly weathered, irrigated sodic Lixisol under prolonged urban crop production by clean water and gypsum application and (2) to determine the remediation effects on soil microbial indices.MethodsA three‐factorial on‐farm experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) was used to study effects on soil microbial biomass of (1) soil degradation at two levels of salinity, (2) irrigation with clean water and wastewater, and (3) the impact of added gypsum during a typical growing season.ResultsAt the high‐degradation site, the 0.5 M K2SO4 extractable carbon (C) content was 40% higher than at the low‐degradation site. In addition, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were 20% lower than at the low‐degradation site, while fungal ergosterol was even 40% lower, leading to a 33% lower ergosterol/MBC ratio. Wastewater irrigation increased MBN but decreased ergosterol content at the low‐degradation site while having no effect at the high‐degradation site. Gypsum amendment led to higher MBN at the low‐degradation site but to lower MBN at the high‐degradation site. Gypsum amendment always increased the ergosterol content whereby this increase was stronger at the low‐degradation site, especially in combination with wastewater irrigation.ConclusionsFrom a microbial perspective, high soil degradation levels should be avoided by treatment of a saline–sodic wastewater prior to its use for irrigation rather than relying on future remediation strategies of affected field sites.