bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Krüppel‐like factor 7 deficiency disrupts corpus callosum development and neuronal migration in the developing mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Hong Wentong , Gong Pifang , Pan Xinjie , Liu Yitong , Qi Guibo , Qi Congcong , Qin Song 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKrüppel‐like Factor 7 (KLF7) is a zinc finger transcription factor that has a critical role in cellular differentiation, tumorigenesis, and regeneration. Mutations in Klf7 are associated with autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability. Here we show that KLF7 regulates neurogenesis and neuronal migration during mouse cortical development. Conditional depletion of KLF7 in neural progenitor cells resulted in agenesis of the corpus callosum, defects in neurogenesis, and impaired neuronal migration in the neocortex. Transcriptomic profiling analysis indicated that KLF7 regulates a cohort of genes involved in neuronal differentiation and migration, including p21 and Rac3. These findings provide insights into our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying neurological defects associated with Klf7 mutations.
Exercise ameliorates anxious behavior and promotes neuroprotection through osteocalcin in VCD‐induced menopausal mice
Authors: Kang Yiting , Yao Jie , Gao Xiaohang , Zhong Hao , Song Yifei , Di Xiaohui , Feng Zeguo , Xie Lin , Zhang Jianbao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsAs the ovaries age and women transition to menopause and postmenopause, reduced estradiol levels are associated with anxiety and depression. Exercise contributes to alleviate anxiety and depression and the bone‐derived hormone osteocalcin has been reported to be necessary to prevent anxiety‐like behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on anxiety behaviors in climacteric mice and whether it was related to osteocalcin.MethodsMenopausal mouse model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). Open field, elevated plus maze, and light–dark tests were used to detect anxious behavior in mice. The content of serum osteocalcin was measured and its correlation with anxiety behavior was analyzed. BRDU and NEUN co‐localization cells were detected with immunofluorescence. Western blot was applied to obtain apoptosis‐related proteins.ResultsThe VCD mice showed obvious anxiety‐like behaviors and 10 weeks of treadmill exercise significantly ameliorated the anxiety and increased circulating osteocalcin in VCD mice. Exercise increased the number of BRDU and NEUN co‐localization cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus, reduced the number of impaired hippocampal neurons, inhibited the expression of BAX, cleaved Caspase3, and cleaved PARP, promoted the expression of BCL‐2. Importantly, circulating osteocalcin levels were positively associated with the improvements of anxiety, the number of BRDU and NEUN co‐localization cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus and negatively related to impaired hippocampal neurons.ConclusionExercise ameliorates anxiety behavior, promotes hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis, and inhibits hippocampal cell apoptosis in VCD‐induced menopausal mice. They are related to circulating osteocalcin, which are increased by exercise.
Do Large Language Models Know What Humans Know?
Authors: Trott Sean , Jones Cameron , Chang Tyler , Michaelov James , Bergen Benjamin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHumans can attribute beliefs to others. However, it is unknown to what extent this ability results from an innate biological endowment or from experience accrued through child development, particularly exposure to language describing others' mental states. We test the viability of the language exposure hypothesis by assessing whether models exposed to large quantities of human language display sensitivity to the implied knowledge states of characters in written passages. In pre‐registered analyses, we present a linguistic version of the False Belief Task to both human participants and a large language model, GPT‐3. Both are sensitive to others' beliefs, but while the language model significantly exceeds chance behavior, it does not perform as well as the humans nor does it explain the full extent of their behavior—despite being exposed to more language than a human would in a lifetime. This suggests that while statistical learning from language exposure may in part explain how humans develop the ability to reason about the mental states of others, other mechanisms are also responsible.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase immunohistochemical expression is sensitive but not specific for TERT gene amplification in acral melanoma
Authors: Cho Woo Cheal , Li Wen , Gu Jun , Wang Wei‐Lien , Ning Jing , Sfamenos Steven , Gill Pavandeep , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Curry Jonathan L. , Lazar Alexander J. , Prieto Victor G. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Aung Phyu P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTERT gene amplification (TGA) is a mechanism of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) upregulation frequently utilized by acral melanomas (AMs). Currently, the utility of TERT immunohistochemistry (IHC) to predict TGA status in AMs is poorly documented.MethodsAMs (26 primary and 3 metastatic) and non‐acral cutaneous melanomas (6 primary) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using anti‐TERT antibody to demonstrate protein expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to assess genomic copy number alteration. The relationship between TERT immunoreactivity and TGA confirmed by FISH was assessed using logistic regression.ResultsTERT expression was seen in 50% (13/26) of primary and 100% (3/3) of metastatic AMs and 50% (3/6) of primary non‐acral cutaneous melanomas. TGA was found in 15% (4/26) and 67% (2/3) of primary and metastatic AMs and 17% (1/6) of non‐acral cutaneous melanomas. The intensity of TERT immunoreactivity correlated with TGA (p = 0.04) and a higher TERT copy number‐to‐control ratio in AMs, with a correlation coefficient of 0.41 (p = 0.03). The sensitivity and specificity of TERT immunoreactivity for predicting TGA in AMs were 100% and 57%, with corresponding positive and negative predictive values of 38% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsThe clinical utility of TERT IHC to predict TGA status in AMs appears to be limited given its low specificity and positive predictive value.
The effect of mogamulizumab on the aberrant T cell population in the peripheral blood – A monocentric retrospective analysis
Authors: Gosmann Janika , Bielefeld Annette , Schmitz Franz‐Josef , Schaper‐Gerhardt Katrin , Gutzmer Ralf , Stadler Rudolf 
Published: July 2023

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesThe effect of mogamulizumab in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) on T cells (TC) in the peripheral blood and its potential role to navigate treatment intervals are explored.MethodsWe investigated within a retrospective monocentric analysis the effect of mogamulizumab on the CD3+ TC and the aberrant T cell population (TCP), i.e., the CD4+/CD7– and the CD4+/CD26– TC, analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsThirteen patients with CTCL were included. After four cycles there was a mean reduction of 57% in CD3+ TC, 72% in the CD4+/CD7– and 75% in the CD4+/CD26– TCP compared to the individual baseline of each patient. The reduction in CD4+/CD7+ and CD4+/CD26+ TC was lower, averaging 54% and 41%. A significant decrease in aberrant TCP was already evident after the first administration. A median plateau of TCP already occurred during the IP. Progressive disease occurred in 5/13 patients without a clear correlation to aberrant TCP.ConclusionsAlready after one dose of mogamulizumab, aberrant TCP and, to a lesser extent, normal TC decrease. We did not observe a clear correlation between TCP and the efficacy of mogamulizumab, but further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed.
“You need to be super smart to do well in math!” Young children's field‐specific ability beliefs
Authors: Jenifer Jalisha B. , Jaxon Jilana , Levine Susan C. , Cimpian Andrei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSuccess in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is often believed to require intellectual talent (“brilliance”). Given that many cultures associate men more than women with brilliance, this belief poses an obstacle to women's STEM pursuits. Here, we investigated the developmental roots of this phenomenon, focusing specifically on young children's beliefs about math (N = 174 U.S. students in Grades 1–4; 93 girls, 81 boys; 52% White, 17% Asian, 13% Hispanic/Latinx). We found that field‐specific ability beliefs (FABs) that associate success in math (vs. reading/writing) with brilliance are already present in early elementary school. We also found that brilliance‐oriented FABs about math are negatively associated with elementary school students’ (and particularly girls’) math motivation—specifically, their math self‐efficacy and interest. The early emergence of brilliance‐oriented FABs about math and the negative relation between FABs and math motivation underscore the need to understand the sources and long‐term effects of these beliefs.Research HighlightsField‐specific ability beliefs (FABs) are beliefs about the extent to which intellectual talent (or “brilliance”) is required for success in a particular field or context.Among adults, brilliance‐oriented FABs are an obstacle to diversity in science and technology, but the childhood antecedents of these beliefs are not well understood.The present study (N = 174) found that FABs that associate success in math (vs. reading/writing) with brilliance were already present in Grades 1−4.Brilliance‐oriented FABs about math were negatively associated with elementary school students’ (and particularly girls’) math motivation—specifically, their math self‐efficacy and interest.
Wrongful convictions with Chinese characteristics
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Li Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of an imbalanced judiciary on the generation and rectification of wrongful convictions in China. Specifically, we investigate the influence of the Political and Legal Affairs Commissions (PLACs), which are tasked by the Communist Party with controlling judicial authorities. By analyzing 335 cases of wrongful convictions between 1990 and 2010, we have identified a significant relationship between the appointment of PLAC secretaries as chiefs of police and an increase in wrongful convictions. This arrangement disrupts the checks within the judicial system, leading to the prosecution of an additional 251 individuals each year in a given province. Our research reveals that in 81% of the cases examined, the correction of a wrongful conviction occurred after the secretary of the provincial PLAC, who held oversight over the court responsible for the conviction, had left office. Furthermore, even after the responsible PLAC secretaries had been replaced, if the successors were previously their subordinates, the likelihood of reversing wrongful convictions remained low. Our findings provide persuasive evidence in favour of judicial independence.
The theory of critical distances for random vibration fatigue life analysis of notched specimens
Authors: Sun Jiachen , Li Piao , Susmel Luca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) is reformulated to be employed to estimate random vibration fatigue lifetime of notched components. Using the Point Method argument, the response stress at the critical distance from the notch root is taken as the damage parameter and then used to perform the vibration fatigue life analysis in the presence of geometrical features. First, the finite element simulation is conducted to obtain the response Mises stress power spectrum at the critical distance under the load excitation being investigated. Subsequently, the probability density distribution of the stress amplitude at this position is calculated. Finally, fatigue lifetime is predicted via the parent material S–N curve. In order to check the accuracy of the proposed reformulation of the TCD, a series of random vibration fatigue results were generated by testing notched aluminum alloy specimens under load spectra covering the first‐, second‐, and third‐order natural frequencies. The results from the vibration fatigue tests being performed are seen to be in sound agreement with the predicted lifetimes. This strongly support the idea that the TCD is successful also in predicting random vibration fatigue lifetime of notched components.
Elucidating climatic drivers of photosynthesis by tropical forests
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Junjie , Wennberg Paul O. , He Liyin , Bonal Damien , Köhler Philipp , Frankenberg Christian , Sitch Stephen , Friedlingstein Pierre 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTropical forests play a pivotal role in regulating the global carbon cycle. However, the response of these forests to changes in absorbed solar energy and water supply under the changing climate is highly uncertain. Three‐year (2018–2021) spaceborne high‐resolution measurements of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) provide a new opportunity to study the response of gross primary production (GPP) and more broadly tropical forest carbon dynamics to differences in climate. SIF has been shown to be a good proxy for GPP on monthly and regional scales. Combining tropical climate reanalysis records and other contemporary satellite products, we find that on the seasonal timescale, the dependence of GPP on climate variables is highly heterogeneous. Following the principal component analyses and correlation comparisons, two regimes are identified: water limited and energy limited. GPP variations over tropical Africa are more correlated with water‐related factors such as vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture, while in tropical Southeast Asia, GPP is more correlated with energy‐related factors such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and surface temperature. Amazonia is itself heterogeneous: with an energy‐limited regime in the north and water‐limited regime in the south. The correlations of GPP with climate variables are supported by other observation‐based products, such as Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO2) SIF and FluxSat GPP. In each tropical continent, the coupling between SIF and VPD increases with the mean VPD. Even on the interannual timescale, the correlation of GPP with VPD is still discernable, but the sensitivity is smaller than the intra‐annual correlation. By and large, the dynamic global vegetation models in the TRENDY v8 project do not capture the high GPP seasonal sensitivity to VPD in dry tropics. The complex interactions between carbon and water cycles in the tropics illustrated in this study and the poor representation of this coupling in the current suite of vegetation models suggest that projections of future changes in carbon dynamics based on these models may not be robust.
Meta‐analysis reveals impacts of disturbance on reptile and amphibian body condition
Authors: Macdonald Kristina J. , Driscoll Don A. , Macdonald Kimberley J. , Hradsky Bronwyn , Doherty Tim S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEcosystem disturbance is increasing in extent, severity and frequency across the globe. To date, research has largely focussed on the impacts of disturbance on animal population size, extinction risk and species richness. However, individual responses, such as changes in body condition, can act as more sensitive metrics and may provide early warning signs of reduced fitness and population declines. We conducted the first global systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the impacts of ecosystem disturbance on reptile and amphibian body condition. We collated 384 effect sizes representing 137 species from 133 studies. We tested how disturbance type, species traits, biome and taxon moderate the impacts of disturbance on body condition. We found an overall negative effect of disturbance on herpetofauna body condition (Hedges' g = −0.37, 95% CI: −0.57, −0.18). Disturbance type was an influential predictor of body condition response and all disturbance types had a negative mean effect. Drought, invasive species and agriculture had the largest effects. The impact of disturbance varied in strength and direction across biomes, with the largest negative effects found within Mediterranean and temperate biomes. In contrast, taxon, body size, habitat specialisation and conservation status were not influential predictors of disturbance effects. Our findings reveal the widespread effects of disturbance on herpetofauna body condition and highlight the potential role of individual‐level response metrics in enhancing wildlife monitoring. The use of individual response metrics alongside population and community metrics would deepen our understanding of disturbance impacts by revealing both early impacts and chronic effects within affected populations. This could enable early and more informed conservation management.
Conversion of carbon dioxide into valencene and other sesquiterpenes with metabolic engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cell factories
Authors: Sun Jiahui , Xu Xuejing , Wu Yannan , Sun Huili , Luan Guodong , Lu Xuefeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractValencene is a natural sesquiterpene with desirable bioactivity and aroma, making it a valuable ingredient in the food and cosmetics industries. Traditionally, valencene was extracted from the citrus fruits, and its applications were restricted by the low concentrations in natural sources and high costs for extraction. Photosynthetic biomanufacturing represents a promising route for efficient and stable production of valencene, while cyanobacteria have been considered one of the most promising platforms regarding biotechnological routes for the direct conversion of CO2. In this work, we engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to synthesize valencene. By introducing a heterologous valencene synthase and modifying the native MEP pathway, we obtained an efficient cyanobacterial cell factory that produced 154 mg/L valencene during a semi‐continual cultivation, with an average productivity of 4.3 mg/L/day, and the cell factory exhibited robust growth and production in non‐sterilized conditions. We also achieved the production of other sesquiterpenes including bisabolene, amorpha‐4,11‐diene, farnesene, and nerolidol by engineered cyanobacteria with enhanced MEP pathway flux, showing promising potentials as a universal chassis.
Generational Distribution of Fiscal Burdens: A Positive Analysis
Authors: Uchida Yuki , Ono Tetsuo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study presents an overlapping generations model to analyze the impact of population aging on fiscal policy and intergenerational fiscal burden. Aging populations incentivize governments to increase capital and labor income tax rates and the public debt‐to‐GDP ratio, consistent with OECD evidence. Our model‐based simulation for Japan and the United States (2000–2070) reveals that Japan will experience higher labor income tax rates, a greater public debt‐to‐GDP ratio, and a lower government expenditure‐to‐GDP ratio compared to the United States. From 2040 onward, Japan is predicted to surpass the United States in terms of the capital tax rate.
Digital health at Central Lisbon University Hospital Center: strategic reflections and value proposition
Authors: Varela Maria R. V. , Ferreira Fernando A. F. , Ferreira Neuza C. M. Q. F. , Correia Ricardo J. C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDigital health emerges in the context of technological advancement, responding to the challenges of healthcare systems based on safe, quality healthcare services, offered in a timely manner, and in an efficient and effective way. However, digital health also brings challenges that are essentially related to change management within organizations. Based on problem structuring methods, this study sought to investigate the digital health topic in the specific case of Central Lisbon University Hospital Center (CHULC in Portuguese), aiming to reflect on initiatives that enhance digital health benefits within this organization and that contribute to its digital transformation. For this purpose, interpretive structural modeling was used to identify and understand the cause–effect relationships between determinants of digital health in this context, involving CHULC in the strategic reflection on the subject through a collaborative and constructivist approach. The main results include a set of actions formalized to enhance the center's digital health value proposition.
Cost reduction collaboration between firm and social planner: An economic analysis
Authors: Arora Stuti , Jain Tarun , Kiran K 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, firms like Toyota and social planners like the Government of India have invested in various initiatives leading to the firm's cost reduction. Further, such cost reduction collaborations also benefit the social planner because of higher industry output, and therefore, higher employment opportunities. In this paper, we investigate different scenarios in which the firm, or the social planner, or both exert efforts to reduce the firm's manufacturing cost. Interestingly, we find that under certain conditions, the firm may exert lower effort than the social planner. Our analysis reveals that when both players' cost reduction effectiveness is low, then collaboration results in higher payoffs for both the players. However, when the effectiveness of any player is high, then both players are better off if only one of them exerts effort. Our study further reveals that collaboration between the social planner and the firm always leads to a win–win situation.
The role of advertising in the choice between reselling and agency selling
Authors: Sigue Simon , Gromova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the condition under which a manufacturer and a retailer in a two‐member channel should adopt reselling or agency selling. Three game‐theoretic models in which price and advertising decisions affect consumer demand are analyzed. Contrary to common belief about agency selling, we demonstrate that when manufacturer advertising greatly influences demand, reselling is the only feasible business model. Agency selling should be considered only when manufacturer advertising slightly impacts demand. Consequently, the manufacturer and retailer may prefer any of the three models and their preferences may differ. Agency selling can drive up retail prices and hurt channel members' profits.