bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of thymosin β4 in ameliorating liver fibrosis via the MAPK/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wang Zilin , Zhang Ya , Wang Yinghui , Mou Qiuju , Ren Tingting , Zhu Lili 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a grievous global challenge, where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is a paramount step. This study analyzed the mechanism of Tβ4 in ameliorating liver fibrosis via the MAPK/NF‐κB pathway. The liver fibrosis mouse models were established via bile duct ligation (BDL) and verified by HE and Masson staining. TGF‐β1‐induced activated LX‐2 cells were employed in vitro experiments. Tβ4 expression was determined using RT‐qPCR, HSC activation markers were examined using Western blot analysis, and ROS levels were tested via DCFH‐DA kits. Cell proliferation, cycle, and migration were examined by CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays, respectively. Effects of Tβ4 on liver fibrosis, HSC activation, ROS production, and HSC growth were analyzed after transfection of constructed Tβ4‐overexpressing lentiviral vectors. MAPK/NF‐κB‐related protein levels were tested using Western blotting and p65 expression in the nucleus was detected through immunofluorescence. Regulation of MAPK/NF‐κB pathway in TGF‐β1‐induced LX‐2 cells was explored by adding MAPK activator U‐46619 or inhibitor SB203580. Furthermore, its regulating in liver fibrosis was verified by treating BDL mice overexpressing Tβ4 with MAPK inhibitor or activator. Tβ4 was downregulated in BDL mice. Tβ4 overexpression inhibited liver fibrosis. In TGF‐β1‐induced fibrotic LX‐2 cells, Tβ4 was reduced and cell migration and proliferation were enhanced with elevated ROS levels, while Tβ4 overexpression suppressed cell migration and proliferation. Tβ4 overexpression blocked the MAPK/NF‐κB pathway activation by reducing ROS production, thus inhibiting liver fibrosis in TGF‐β1 induced LX‐2 cells and BDL mice. Tβ4 ameliorates liver fibrosis by impeding the MAPK/NF‐κB pathway activation.
The influence of non‐physicality of goods on disparities in seller–buyer valuations: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nguyen Peter , Wang Xin (Shane) 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTechnological innovation is shaping products and markets to appeal to consumer enduring needs. Given the rise in non‐physicality of products and consumers' increasing participation in peer‐to‐peer markets, this research examines the relationship between non‐physicality of goods and disparities in seller–buyer valuations, a critical component of market inefficiencies. In a meta‐analysis of 598 observations across 129 articles, the authors find that non‐physical (vs. physical) goods have significantly larger seller–buyer valuation disparities (i.e., larger endowment effects). This pattern is consistent across non‐physical categories, including market and non‐market goods. The authors argue the immateriality of non‐physical goods reduces evaluability and enhances perceived complexity, leading to greater asymmetries in information processing between sellers and buyers. Congruent with construal level theory, marketing tactics associated with low categorization levels (emphasizing product features) influence consumer valuations of physical goods, but not non‐physical goods. Instead, consumer valuations of non‐physical goods are asymmetrically influenced by tactics with high categorization levels (accentuating collective identity). This research foreshadows challenges in, and provides managerial implications for, the marketing and transactions of non‐physical products.
Siderophore production and utilization by marine bacteria in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Park Jiwoon , Durham Bryndan P. , Key Rebecca S. , Groussman Ryan D. , Bartolek Zinka , Pinedo‐Gonzalez Paulina , Hawco Nicholas J. , John Seth G. , Carlson Michael C. G. , Lindell Debbie , Juranek Lauren W. , Ferrón Sara , Ribalet Francois , Armbrust E. Virginia , Ingalls Anitra E. , Bundy Randelle M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSiderophores are strong iron‐binding molecules produced and utilized by microbes to acquire the limiting nutrient iron (Fe) from their surroundings. Despite their importance as a component of the iron‐binding ligand pool in seawater, data on the distribution of siderophores and the microbes that use them are limited. Here, we measured the concentrations and types of dissolved siderophores during two cruises in April 2016 and June 2017 that transited from the iron‐replete, low‐macronutrient North Pacific Subtropical Gyre through the North Pacific Transition Zone (NPTZ) to the iron‐deplete, high‐macronutrient North Pacific Subarctic Frontal Zone (SAFZ). Surface siderophore concentrations in 2017 were higher in the NPTZ (4.0–13.9 pM) than the SAFZ (1.2–5.1 pM), which may be partly attributed to stimulated siderophore production by environmental factors such as dust‐derived iron concentrations (up to 0.51 nM). Multiple types of siderophores were identified on both cruises, including ferrioxamines, amphibactins, and iron‐free forms of photoreactive siderophores, which suggest active production and use of diverse siderophores across latitude and depth. Siderophore biosynthesis and uptake genes and transcripts were widespread across latitude, and higher abundances of these genes and transcripts at higher latitudes may reflect active siderophore‐mediated iron uptake by the local bacterial community across the North Pacific. The variability in the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities that transcribe putative ferrioxamine, amphibactin, and salmochelin transporter genes at different latitudes further suggests that the microbial groups involved in active siderophore production and usage change depending on local conditions.
Feature importance‐based interpretation of UMAP‐visualized polymer space
Authors: Ehiro Takuya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDimensionality reduction (DR) techniques are used for various purposes such as exploratory data analysis. A commonly employed linear DR technique is principal component analysis (PCA), which is one of the most popular methods for DR. Owing to its linear nature, PCA enables the determination of axes in a low‐dimensional space and the calculation of corresponding loading vectors. However, PCA cannot necessarily extract important features of non‐linearly distributed data. This study presents a technique aimed at aiding the interpretation of data reduced through non‐linear DR methods. In the proposed method, non‐linear dimensionally reduced data was clustered via a density‐based clustering method. Thereafter, the obtained cluster labels were classified by random forest (RF) classifiers. Further, feature importance (FI) of RF classifiers and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between predictive probabilities to obtained clusters and original feature values were utilized for characterizing the visualized dimensionally reduced data. The results revealed that the proposed method can provide the interpretable FI‐based images of the handwritten digits dataset. Moreover, the proposed method was also applied to the polymer dataset. The study found that incorporating signed FI was advantageous in achieving a meaningful interpretation. Furthermore, Gaussian process regression was utilized to produce intuitive FI‐based heatmaps on a 2‐dimensional space for greater ease of understanding. Additionally, to enhance the interpretability of the obtained clusters, a feature selection technique called Boruta was applied. The Boruta feature selection method worked effectively to interpret the obtained clusters with limited and commonly important features. Additionally, the study suggested that computing FI solely from substructure‐based descriptors could further enhance the interpretability of the results. Finally, the automation of the proposed method was investigated, and through maximizing the target score based on the quality of both the DR and clustering, indicative results were automatically obtained for both the handwritten digits and polymer datasets.
Impact on the trachea in children with prenatally diagnosed vascular ring formed by a right aortic arch
Authors: Oakley Christopher , Hurn Alice , Suckling Claire , Moriarty Grace , Simpson John M. , Turcu Simona , Heraghty Jane , Zidere Vita , Nyman Andrew , Vigneswaran Trisha V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThere has been a rise in the prenatal detection of right sided aortic arch (RAA). When associated with a left‐sided arterial duct (LD), this forms a vascular ring encircling the trachea. Infants may have symptoms or signs suggestive of tracheoesophageal compression but many are asymptomatic. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between symptoms and severity of tracheobronchial compression assessed by bronchoscopy.MethodsRetrospective review of all cases of prenatally diagnosed RAA‐LD in the absence of associated congenital heart disease at Evelina London Children's Hospital and Kings College Hospital over a 4‐year period between April 2015−2019. Clinical records, fetal echocardiograms, and free‐breathing flexible bronchoscopy (FB) data were reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and twelve cases of isolated RAA‐LD were identified of whom 82 cases (73%) underwent FB. FB was performed median age of 11 months (range 1−36 months), no complications occurred. Aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA) was present in 86% (96/112) and mirror image branching (MIB) in 13% (15/112). 34/112 (30%) reported symptoms during follow‐up. 36/77 (47%) with ALSA who underwent FB showed moderate‐severe compression mostly at distal tracheal and carinal level of whom 38% had parent‐reported symptoms. Moderate‐severe compression was seen in 3/5 (60%) with MIB mostly at mid tracheal level; 3 were symptomatic but only 2 had tracheal compression. In total 36% (18/50) of investigated asymptomatic patients showed moderate‐severe compression. Respiratory symptoms were poorly predictive of moderate‐severe tracheal compression (positive predictive value 66%, negative predictive value 64%).ConclusionThe absence of symptoms did not exclude significant tracheal compression. The anatomical effect of the vascular ring is under appreciated when symptoms alone are used as a marker of tracheal compression.
The application of machine learning to rural population migration research
Authors: Baggen Hunter S. , Shalley Fiona , Taylor Andrew , Zander Kerstin K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany rural areas experience population stagnation or decline from out‐migration with corresponding economic downturns. This is the case for the Northern Territory in Australia, a vast and sparsely populated jurisdiction. Its government has long sought to encourage stronger population growth but its population is young and highly transient, leading to high staff turn‐overs and challenges for industries and government to attract families and skilled workers. Place‐based factors such as job opportunities, access to essential services or environmental amenities influence satisfaction and migration decisions. The aim of this study was to understand why people might stay or move away through analysing responses to two open‐text questions on the best and worst aspect of living in the Northern Territory. Over 3500 valid responses were analysed using machine learning‐based unsupervised topic modelling which uncovered latent clusters. Forty‐four percent of positive aspects were clustered into lifestyle factors, while negative aspects clustered around high living costs and crime. Some aspects, such as the weather and distance to other places were discussed as both positive and negative aspects. Topics discussed by respondents could be directly related to their intention to leave the Northern Territory, and also to specific individual's demographic characteristics providing insights for policies focused on attracting and retaining population. The use of unsupervised text mining in population research is rare and this study verifies its use to deliver objective and nuanced results generated from a large qualitative data set.
Ethylene modelling in package headspace of fresh produce: A review
Authors: Sonawane Akshay D. , Pathak Namrata , Weltzien Cornelia , Mahajan Pramod 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEthylene accumulation is one of the main causes of rapid deterioration of climacteric fruit and vegetables in a package as ethylene accelerates the ripening process. Modelling the ethylene gas in a package headspace is a promising way to control the ripening process as it provides and optimises the methods to remove ethylene. In this review, the transmission of ethylene through a package, ethylene removal by a scavenger and ethylene accumulation inside the package are discussed with their models. The permeability of packaging material allows ethylene to escape from the package to a little extent. The perforation in packaging material also helps ethylene to depart rapidly from the fruit package which is explained and modelled using Fick's first law of diffusion. The pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order kinetics based on the adsorption phenomena have been used to model the removal of ethylene by a scavenger. The mass balance between the ethylene transmission rate through the package, ethylene production rate by fruit and ethylene removal by scavenger provides the ethylene accumulation which can be helpful for predicting the quality of the fruit inside a package. This study could lead to the development of an active fruit packaging system with the inclusion of ethylene along with oxygen and carbon dioxide for extending the shelf life of fresh commodities in postharvest storage.
DFT study of electronic and structural properties of single‐walled gallium nitride nanotubes
Authors: Shabani Mostafa , Movlarooy Tayebeh , Hessami Pilehrood Saeid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe electronic and structural properties of the armchair and zigzag single‐walled GaN nanotubes (GaNNTs) are studied by using density functional theory. The effects of tube diameter on the GaN bond lengths, the axial lattice constant, the Fermi energy, the buckling separation, and the bandgap of the tube are investigated. It is revealed that there is a correlation between the bandgap and the buckling; the smaller the bandgap, the higher the buckling. The results show that by increasing diameter of tubes the buckling separation decreases. The 4p‐orbitals of Ga atoms and 2p‐orbitals of N have the main role to the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum, respectively. All armchair and zigzag GaNNTs are semiconductors having indirect and direct bandgap, respectively. It is also found that by increasing the diameter of nanotubes the bandgap increases, for both armchair and zigzag GaNNTs. The consequences of this study can undoubtedly be useful in future experimental works on optoelectronic devices.
NDT‐6D for color registration in agri‐robotic applications
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Lilienthal Achim J. , Andreasson Henrik , Kurtser Polina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegistration of point cloud data containing both depth and color information is critical for a variety of applications, including in‐field robotic plant manipulation, crop growth modeling, and autonomous navigation. However, current state‐of‐the‐art registration methods often fail in challenging agricultural field conditions due to factors such as occlusions, plant density, and variable illumination. To address these issues, we propose the NDT‐6D registration method, which is a color‐based variation of the Normal Distribution Transform (NDT) registration approach for point clouds. Our method computes correspondences between pointclouds using both geometric and color information and minimizes the distance between these correspondences using only the three‐dimensional (3D) geometric dimensions. We evaluate the method using the GRAPES3D data set collected with a commercial‐grade RGB‐D sensor mounted on a mobile platform in a vineyard. Results show that registration methods that only rely on depth information fail to provide quality registration for the tested data set. The proposed color‐based variation outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.1–1.6 cm for NDT‐6D compared with 1.1–2.3 cm for other color‐information‐based methods and 1.2–13.7 cm for noncolor‐information‐based methods. The proposed method is shown to be robust against noises using the TUM RGBD data set by artificially adding noise present in an outdoor scenario. The relative pose error (RPE) increased 14% for our method compared to an increase of 75% for the best‐performing registration method. The obtained average accuracy suggests that the NDT‐6D registration methods can be used for in‐field precision agriculture applications, for example, crop detection, size‐based maturity estimation, and growth modeling.
Achieving Long‐Enduring High‐Voltage Oxygen Redox in P2‐Structured Layered Oxide Cathodes by Eliminating Nonlattice Oxygen Redox
Authors: Wu Xiang , Chen Chen , Zhao Chong , Liu Hui , Hu Bei , Li Jingxin , Li Chao , Hu Bingwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTriggering reversible lattice oxygen redox (LOR) in oxide cathodes is a paradigmatic approach to overcome the capacity ceiling determined by orthodox transition‐metal (TM) redox. However, the LOR reactions in P2‐structured Na‐layered oxides are commonly accompanied by irreversible nonlattice oxygen redox (non‐LOR) and large local structural rearrangements, bringing about capacity/voltage fading and constantly evolving charge/discharge voltage curves. Herein, a novel Na0.615Mg0.154Ti0.154Mn0.615◻0.077O2 (◻ = TM vacancies) cathode with both NaOMg and NaO◻ local configurations is deliberately designed. Intriguingly, the activating of oxygen redox at middle‐voltage region (2.5–4.1 V) via NaO◻ configuration helps in maintaining the high‐voltage plateau from LOR (≈4.38 V) and stable charge/discharge voltage curves even after 100 cycles. Hard X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (hXAS), solid‐state NMR, and electron paramagnetic resonance studies demonstrate that both the involvement of non‐LOR at high‐voltage and the structural distortions originating from Jahn–Teller distorted Mn3+O6 at low‐voltage are effectively restrained in Na0.615Mg0.154Ti0.154Mn0.615◻0.077O2. Resultantly, the P2 phase is well retained in a wide electrochemical window of 1.5–4.5 V (vs Na+/Na), resulting in an extraordinary capacity retention of 95.2% after 100 cycles. This work defines an effective approach to upgrade the lifespan of Na‐ion battery with reversible high‐voltage capacity provided by LOR.
Engaging Students with Expository Books through Interactive Read‐Alouds
Authors: Young Terrell A. , Ricks Paul H. , MacKay Kathryn Lake 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany elementary teachers shy away from using expository literature for interactive read‐alouds in their classrooms, preferring and privileging narrative texts over this type of nonfiction. This article first shares the complementary benefits of moving beyond fiction and narrative nonfiction in educators’ read‐aloud practices. Affordances include increased student knowledge and vocabulary, greater understanding of expository text structures and features, and heightened engagement. The article then features lesson plans demonstrating unique ways to use expository books for interactive read‐alouds with elementary students. Additionally, readers are provided with high‐quality expository texts educators may include in their classrooms.
Enteral hydration in cows: Comparison between continuous flow and bolus administration
Authors: Campos Lisandra de Camargo , Cardoso dos Anjos Mayara , Gregório dos Santos Mateus , Cunha Vinicius Maciel , Pereira Priscilla Fajardo Valente , Flaiban Karina Keller Marques da Costa , Lisbôa Júlio Augusto Naylor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnteral hydration in cattle is most commonly performed as a bolus (B) via the ororuminal route, although continuous flow (CF) administration via the nasoesophageal route represents a viable alternative. Currently, no study has compared the effectiveness of these two methods. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of enteral hydration using CF and B to correct water, electrolyte and acid–base imbalances in cows.MethodsProtocols for the induction of dehydration were applied twice to eight healthy cows, with an interval of 1 week. In a crossover design, two types of enteral hydration were performed using the same electrolyte solution and volume equal to 12% of bodyweight (BW): CF (10 mL/kg/h, between 0 and 12 hours) and B (6% BW, twice, at 0 and 6 hours). Clinical and blood variables were determined at −24, 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours and compared using repeated‐measures ANOVA.ResultsInduced moderate dehydration and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis were corrected after 12 hours using the two hydration methods, with no differences observed between the methods.LimitationsThe study was conducted with induced rather than natural imbalances, so the findings should be interpreted cautiously.ConclusionEnteral CF hydration is as effective as B hydration in reversing dehydration and correcting electrolyte and acid–base imbalances.
Self-Harm as a Result of Domestic Distress
Authors: Millard Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Minister of Health Enoch Powell’s Hospital Plan for England and Wales (1962) is a familiar landmark in twentieth-century psychiatry.1 In 1961 Powell’s ‘water tower’ speech to the National Association of Mental Health eloquently launches the ideas contained within the plan.2 It is an evocative portrayal of asylums as grand, obsolete monuments to Victorian ideas of mental-health care. There is much historiographical focus upon how the plan augurs the scaling back of mental inpatient provision, but much less on how it signals the broader uptake of a new model of integration between psychiatry and general medicine. This model, based upon the establishment of psychiatric units in district general hospitals (DGHs), involves a more intimate connection between general hospitals and psychiatry than do observation wards. The DGH psychiatric units promoted by the plan undercut the progressive status and bridging function of the observation ward.
Conclusion: The Politics of Self-Harm: Social Setting and Self-Regulation
Authors: Millard Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Almost three decades ago, historian Howard Kushner writes of his unease at increasingly neurological understandings of behaviour such as suicide. He argues that ‘[o]ne feature of neuropathological approaches, however, seems unaffected by this increasing sophistication: the more scientifically complex these investigations become, the more they tend to ignore the social and historical context in which the behavior that they seek to explain takes place’.1 In these accounts, neurology displaces social context. In characteristically forthright terms, in 2014 Roger Cooter describes the turn to neurological explanations as ‘like becoming the victim of mind parasites’ because these explanations foreclose the ability to think critically about the social and cultural context of the explanations themselves: they are presented as universally true and outside of culture or history.2
Helping from Home: DFV Worker Wellbeing During the ‘Shadow Pandemic’
Authors: Pfitzner Naomi , Fitz-Gibbon Kate , Walklate Sandra , Meyer Silke , Segrave Marie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHistorically, there has been limited attention paid to the support needs of the domestic and family violence workforce beyond a general emphasis on self-care in social work training. Drawing on an Australian case study, this chapter examines why the COVID-19 pandemic has sharply highlighted the need to pay attention to the wellbeing of those specialist practitioners working remotely to support women experiencing DFV during stay-at-home restrictions.