bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What research participants say about their research experiences in Empowering the Participant Voice: Outcomes and actionable data
Authors: Kost Rhonda G. , Andrews Joseph , Chatterjee Ranee , Cheng Alex C. , Connally Lisa , Dozier Ann , Dykes Carrie , Ford Daniel , Green Nancy S. , Jiang Caroline , Khoury-Shakour Sana , Lindo Sierra , Marder Karen , Martinez Liz , Qureshi Adam , Roberts Jamie , Schlesinger Natalie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Research participants” feedback about their participation experiences offers critical insights for improving programs. A shared Empowering the Participant Voice (EPV) infrastructure enabled a multiorganization collaborative to collect, analyze, and act on participants’ feedback using validated participant-centered measures.

Methods:
A consortium of academic research organizations with Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) programs administered the Research Participant Perception Survey (RPPS) to active or recent research participants. Local response data also aggregated into a Consortium database, facilitating analysis of feedback overall and for subgroups.

Results:
From February 2022 to June 2024, participating organizations sent surveys to 28,096 participants and received 5045 responses (18%). Respondents were 60% female, 80% White, 13% Black, 2% Asian, and 6% Latino/x. Most respondents (85–95%) felt respected and listened to by study staff; 68% gave their overall experience the top rating. Only 60% felt fully prepared by the consent process. Consent, feeling valued, language assistance, age, study demands, and other factors were significantly associated with overall experience ratings. 63% of participants said that receiving a summary of the study results would be very important to joining a future study. Intersite scores differed significantly for some measures; initiatives piloted in response to local findings raised experience scores.

Conclusion:
RPPS results from 5045 participants from seven CTSAs provide a valuable evidence base for evaluating participants’ research experiences and using participant feedback to improve research programs. Analyses revealed opportunities for improving research practices. Sites piloting local change initiatives based on RPPS findings demonstrated measurable positive impact.
Do Citizens in Backsliding Democracies Support International Courts’ Judicial Power? Evidence from Hungary
Authors: Cheruvu Sivaram , Krehbiel Jay N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
International courts are increasingly serving as bulwarks of democracy. These courts, however, often depend on the cooperation of the very governments they seek to hold accountable, exposing them to potential retaliation for attempting to constrain their behavior. As governments’ response to adverse decision-making is often conditional on public support, we explore whether citizens actually support international courts’ judicial power over questions of democracy. We argue that citizens’ support for this form of judicial power depends on their democratic values and their desire for institutional checks and balances against the executive. Furthermore, we contest that this support is conditional on partisanship, with this relationship holding for opposition partisans while government partisans are generally opposed to international courts’ judicial power. We support our expectations using original survey data collected from Hungary before their 2022 national legislative elections, and examining citizens’ support for judicial power for the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Elite Fractures, Public Capture: The Strategic Use of Public Consultation in Global Constitution-Making
Authors: Martin Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since 1974, two out of every five constitutions (40.3%) were prepared via processes that included public consultation. The reasons for adopting these participatory mechanisms, however, are largely unexplored. I argue that public consultation is a tool for elite contestation of power. Introducing an original dataset of public consultations in constitution-making processes from 1974–2021 (n = 300), I find that in democracies, factional majorities and newcomer elites use public consultation to legitimate a break from the status quo. In autocracies, governing coalitions that depend on performance and enjoy greater party institutionalization push for public consultation to preserve favorable power-sharing arrangements.
The influence of three-gendered grammatical systems on simultaneous bilingual cognition: The case of Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals
Authors: Osypenko Oleksandra , Brandt Silke , Athanasopoulos Panos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the linguistic relativity principle (Whorf, 1956) by investigating the impact of grammatical gender on cognition in simultaneous bilinguals of three-gendered Ukrainian and Russian. It examines whether speakers of three-gendered languages show grammatical gender effects on categorisation, empirically addressing claims that such effects are insignificant due to the presence of the neuter gender (Sera et al., 2002). We conducted two experiments using a similarity judgement paradigm while manipulating the presence of neuter gender stimuli (Phillips & Boroditsky, 2003). Experiment 1, including neuter gender, revealed no significant effects, compatible with earlier studies on three-gendered languages. Conversely, Experiment 2, excluding neuter gender stimuli, showed significant language effects. Bilingual participants rated pairs as more similar when grammatical genders in both languages were congruent with the biological sex of a character. Significant effects were also found for pairs with mismatching grammatical genders in Ukrainian and Russian. Participants with higher proficiency in Ukrainian rated pairs as more similar when the grammatical gender of a noun in Ukrainian was congruent with the character’s biological sex, and incongruent in Russian. Our findings thus provide the first empirical demonstration that the exclusion of neuter gender online induces grammatical gender effects in speakers of three-gendered languages.
Answering the “National Question”: Marxist Theories and the Intellectual Origins of Soviet Nationality Policies
Authors: Altman James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the writings of late 19th and early 20th-century Marxist theorists and political leaders from the Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires and their influence on the chief Bolshevik theorist of Soviet nationality policies, Joseph Stalin. It argues that although many early Marxist theorists held divergent views on managing nationalism, they uniformly rejected biological or romantic spiritual conceptions of the nation and instead posited that nationalism and contemporary nations are relatively new, socially constructed phenomena arising from processes linked to economic and political modernization. These perspectives align with what contemporary academia labels as “modernist” theories of nationality and this analysis therefore challenges prevailing views on the genesis of these theories, tracing them back to early Marxist thinkers rather than late 20th-century Western European theorists such as Benedict Anderson and Ernest Gellner. This modernist understanding of nations as products of material forces and processes enabled socialists to envision steering nation formation. For the Bolsheviks and some of the later international revolutionaries they inspired, this meant that just as they believed they could accelerate the transition to a socialist future through active class management, so too they believed they could control and expedite the construction of national identities through carefully designed policies.
Purifying Istanbul: The Greek Revolution, Population Surveillance, and Non-Muslim Religious Authorities in the Early Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire
Authors: Ueno Masayuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Greek anti-Ottoman revolt in the 1820s brought increased suspicion among the empire’s ruling circles toward not only Greeks but non-Muslim subjects in general. This sparked government security measures in Istanbul, home to substantial Christian and Jewish populations. This article examines such measures intended to bring non-Muslim subjects under control, and the overall impact the Greek revolt had on the Ottoman approach to its subjects. It argues that the revolt catalyzed changes in the state’s attitude toward population surveillance and its treatment of non-Muslims. When the empire felt the need to bring non-Muslims under control, a major challenge was how to verify and vouch for the latter’s identity, since they deemed Muslim officials incapable of doing so. Thus, though they were suspicious of non-Muslims, they actively used the religious authorities of their communities to implement various security measures, including the creation of a population record and the introduction of internal passports. At the same time, religious authorities found it essential to demonstrate their and their community’s pro-Ottoman position by cooperating with the state in its efforts to find enemies within. Incorporation of non-Muslim religious authorities into imperial governance led to official recognition of the representatives of smaller non-Muslim groups, including Latin subjects, Armenian Catholics, and Jews. The result was a standardization of non-Muslim communities with officially recognized representatives before the government.
Crop diversification and reduced tillage for improved grain and nutritional yields in rain-fed maize-based cropping systems of semi-arid Malawi
Authors: Nyamayevu Donald , Nyagumbo Isaiah , Chipindu Lovemore , Li Rui-qi , Liang Wei-li 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Conservation agriculture (CA), as a key component of sustainable intensification, has been widely promoted across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to address low crop productivity. However, the focus has mainly been on improving cereal grain yields, with less focus to its impact on nutritional outcomes. This study sought to assess the productivity potential of CA crop diversification systems and associated crop establishment techniques in terms of grain, protein, and energy yields. An on-station trial was implemented in Malawi for four cropping seasons (2014/15 to 2017/18). Four crop establishment techniques (ridge and furrow, jab planter, dibble sticks, and CA basins) were tested, while cropping systems included conventional cropping system (Conv), CA sole cropping (CaSole), CA intercropping (CA-intercropping), and CA rotations (CA-rotation). In 2014/15 and 2015/16 cropping seasons, characterised by medium and low rainfall, respectively, planting basins and ridge-furrow systems produced higher maize yields compared to jab planter and dibble stick systems. In 2015/16, big and small basins yielded 5061 and 3969 kg ha–1, while jab planter and dibble stick yielded 3476 and 3213 kg ha–1. When there was high and persistent rainfall (2016/17 and 2017/18), direct seeding (jab planter and dibble stick) outperformed basins and ridge-furrow systems. Therefore, the choice of planting basin sizes and whether or not to use dibble stick and jab planter needs to be guided by location or site-specific seasonal forecasts for best results. Grain yield in maize-legume rotation systems consistently outperformed other systems, with maize-groundnut rotations surpassing maize-cowpea intercrops by 987–2700 kg ha–1 over four cropping seasons. In intercropping systems, maize-pigeon pea outperformed maize-cowpea by 4–45% during the same period, while maize-cowpea rotation consistently out yielded maize-cowpea intercropping. Intercropping systems, however, provided substantial protein benefits, with maize-pigeon yielding +9.5% (2015/2016), +29.1% (2016/2017) over CA sole, and +2.2% (2017/2018) over cowpea intercropping. Sole systems (conventional and CA sole) yielded the highest caloric energy, while maize-cowpea rotation consistently reduced energy yield by 35% to 54% compared to the highest-yielding systems. Overall intercropping systems can outperform rotation systems in nutritional security but when focus is on maize grain yield alone, intercropping may reduce maize yield when compared to both cereal sole and maize-legume rotation systems.
Nuclear Shibboleths: The Logics and Future of Nuclear Nonuse
Authors: Goddard Stacie E. , Larkin Colleen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thomas Schelling argued that “The most spectacular event of the past half century is one that did not occur. We have enjoyed sixty years without nuclear weapons exploded in anger.” To this, he added a question: “Can we make it through another half dozen decades?” Contemporary technological innovation, weapons proliferation, increased modernization efforts, and nuclear saber-rattling have made Schelling's question an urgent one. Recently, there has been an explosion in scholarship attempting to test the resilience of nonuse. These scholars have focused primarily on methodological innovations, generating an impressive body of evidence about the future of nonuse. Yet we argue that this literature is theoretically problematic: it reduces mechanisms of nuclear nonuse to a “rationalist” versus “normative” dichotomy which obscures the distinct pathways to nuclear (non)use within each theoretical framework. With rationalist theories, the current literature commits the sin of conflation, treating what should be distinct mechanisms—cost and credibility—as a single causal story. With normative theories, scholars have committed a sin of omission, treating norms as structural and overlooking mechanisms of norm contestation. We show that teasing out these different causal pathways reveals radically different expectations about the future of nonuse, especially in a world of precision nuclear weapons.
Giving the cold shoulder: why and how do we conserve farmland herpetofauna in India?
Authors: Ghosh Deyatima 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Numerous studies highlight the adverse impacts of agriculture on farmland biodiversity. Balancing increased agricultural production along with biodiversity conservation is a critical global challenge, especially in India. Amphibians and reptiles face the greatest threats from agriculture. This perspective article highlights the need to conserve amphibian and reptile diversity in farmlands, presenting evidence of their decline and emphasizing their ecological importance. It calls for forward-looking research and policies to combat unprecedented biodiversity loss. Furthermore, I propose strategies aimed at redesigning agricultural landscapes to transition towards ecological intensification, thereby maintaining productivity and profitability while safeguarding biodiversity and regenerating rather than undermining the ecological processes that sustain food production. As agricultural intensification increases, it should be aligned with nature, leveraging biodiversity to sustain ecological functions rather than replacing them.
Cultural heritage protection versus social and economic development: Where does customary international law stand?
Authors: Lanzoni Niccolò 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
States have the sovereign right to pursue their social and economic development, often involving urbanization, industrialization, infrastructure development, and tourism promotion. Regrettably, these endeavors frequently lead to destruction or damage to the authenticity and integrity of their cultural heritage. In light of this, one might wonder whether and to what extent, under customary international law, states’ right to development must be harmonized with the need to preserve their own cultural heritage for the benefit of future generations. The present contribution examines various elements of international practice, including treaty practice, resolutions of international organizations, national legislation, and states’ conduct in actual cases to determine the existence of a customary prohibition or clear limits on damaging cultural heritage for social and economic development. It also reflects more broadly on the international regime for protecting cultural heritage during peacetime and the ambiguous relationship between the World Heritage Convention and customary law.
Risk factor, consequence, or common cause? Linking lower self-regulation and internalizing symptoms during middle childhood in a random intercept cross-lagged panel model
Authors: Klinge Johanna Lilian , Warschburger Petra , Klein Annette Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates whether lower self-regulation (SR) facets are risk factors for internalizing symptoms (vulnerability models), consequences of these symptoms (scar models), or develop along the same continuum and thus share common causes (spectrum models) during middle childhood. To analyze these models simultaneously, a random intercept cross-lagged panel model was estimated using Mplus. Data were assessed at three measurement time points in a community-based sample of N = 1657 (52.2% female) children in Germany, aged 6–13. Internalizing symptoms were measured via parent report by the emotional problems scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Seven SR facets were assessed behaviorally, via parent report and teacher report. At the within-person level, internalizing symptoms were concurrently associated with emotional reactivity at all measurement time points, while no cross-lagged paths reached significance. At the between-person level, internalizing symptoms were associated with working memory updating (r = −.29, p < .001), inhibitory control (r = −.29, p < .001), planning behavior (r = −.49, p < .001), and emotional reactivity (r = .59, p < .001). As internalizing symptoms and SR facets were primarily associated at the between-person level, the results lend support to spectrum models suggesting common causes of internalizing symptoms and impaired SR.
Alternative Psychopharmacology Regimens in Clozapine-Resistant Schizophrenia Patients: A Scoping Review of PubMed
Authors: Elahi Adil , Imtiaz Ayyub , Berhane Asmeret , Endeshaw Enque , Hashemi Ava , Zaidi Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionClozapine is the standard of care for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, up to a third of patients will have a partial or no response to treatment despite an adequate trial of clozapine. There are no accepted guidelines for alternative pharmacological regimens in the treatment of clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS) and electroconvulsive therapy is not always a feasible option. This paper is a scoping review of PubMed literature, reviewing various pharmacological regimens attempted for treating CRS.MethodsA systematic search using the [Title/Abstract] filter was conducted on PubMed to identify articles related to clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (or similar terms). Three researchers reviewed a total of 130 abstracts. The inclusion criteria were limited to observational articles that assessed psychopharmacological modifications with objective measurement tools. After screening 27 full-text articles, only 18 were included in the final analysis.ResultsIn this scoping review, the most commonly tested medication was amisulpride, which was explored both as an adjunct and a replacement for clozapine in patients with CRS. The randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies on amisulpride demonstrated significant improvements in symptoms on objective assessments such as the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Scales for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Other assessment tools used by researchers included the SAPS, CGI, RBANS, GAF, and UKU scales, among others.As adjuncts to clozapine, several medications exhibited significant improvements on the PANSS negative subscale score, such as Amisulpride, Brexipiprazole, Memantine, Ropinirole, and Sodium Nitroprusside. Papers also reported positive outcomes after switching from clozapine to cariprazine or clotiapine, as measured by the SANS and PANSS, respectively. Quetiapine, Loxapine and Fluvoxamine augmentation also showed a significant improvement on the BPRS.In contrast, one study indicated no significant improvement in outcomes when augmenting clozapine with olanzapine compared to placebo, using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS).ConclusionManaging CRS can be challenging, particularly due to the absence of set guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of CRS. Most clinicians choose to add adjunctive medications to clozapine, while others opt to switch to a different medication altogether. Both approaches are viable options with varying results. The findings in this study underscore the potential benefits of various pharmacological regimens in the treatment of CRS. However, it is crucial to consider each patient’s individual needs when making treatment decisions. It is prudent to do further objective analyses on the treatment of CRS.FundingNo Funding
Factors Associated with Length of Stay in Psychiatric Inpatients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Garza Alejandra Martinez , Luna-Garza Sofia , Huereca-Lucio Rodrigo , Vaquera-Alfaro Hector A. , Saucedo Erasmo 
Published: January 2025

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a lifelong mental disorder with a variable course, comprising one of the primary psychiatric illnesses warranting hospitalization due to its recurrent and chronic nature. Despite the existence of extensive evidence regarding factors influencing psychiatric hospitalization duration, limited scientific evidence establishes the duration of psychiatric hospitalization in patients with BD. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical characteristics and factors influencing the duration of hospital stay in patients with BD.This is a retrospective observational and descriptive study. The protocol was approved by the ethics and research committee of the Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio Gonzalez” in Monterrey, Nuevo León, México under the name "Factores predictores del tiempo de hospitalización psiquiátrica en pacientes con trastorno bipolar". Retrospective investigation was carried out of patients admitted between July 2015 and May 2022. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of 276 patients diagnosed with BD type 1 and type 2 were collected. Descriptive analyses were conducted for all variables using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Typical dispersion measures were applied to quantitative variables. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare means between groups for dichotomous variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for variables with more than two categories. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used for quantitative variables. Statistically significant values were considered at p < 0.05.Factors associated with longer hospital stay included younger age (p < 0.001), being separated or divorced (p = 0.002), unemployment (x=27.94 vs. x=23.77; p=0.12), absence of medical comorbidity (x=27.21 vs. x=20.73; p=0.11), previous hospitalization history (x=28.50 vs. x=23.26; p=0.005), history of substance abuse (x=28.55 vs. 24.68; p=0.26), use of pharmacological restraint (p=0.28), and non-use of mood stabilizers during hospitalization (x=27.54 vs. x=24.11; p=0.27).Overall, this study highlights the significance of comprehensive and personalized treatment approaches for patients with bipolar disorder. By addressing specific risk factors and optimizing therapeutic strategies, healthcare professionals can potentially reduce the length of hospital stays, leading to improved patient well-being and resource utilization within psychiatric care facilities. However, further research and intervention studies are warranted to validate and implement these findings in clinical practice.FundingNo Funding