bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The black swans of nuclear repositories – an overview of external events with a potentially serious impact on the long-term operation and safety
Authors: Hagemann Sven 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. For Germany, the time until completion and final closure of a repository is
estimated to be up to 150 years. So far, it has been implicitly assumed that external political, economic, and infrastructural functions that are
necessary for the construction, operation, and closure of such facilities
will be fully in place throughout the entire operating period. These
include, for example, power supply, presence of well-trained staff, and
effective oversight. Event sequences initiated by natural disasters or human-made crises may lead to unintentional long-lasting disruptions of these external safety functions. They are currently only partly considered in safety assessments. To make repository concepts robust against such scenarios, a forward-looking risk analysis is required that creates the basis for a holistic comparative risk assessment of different repository concepts. It provides a starting point for the development of additional resilient structures, management processes, and safety functions. A risk analysis includes an assessment of event-specific vulnerabilities as
well as potential consequences of unintended external hazards for various
disposal concepts. The first step of this process would be a hazard analysis
– a summary and evaluation of external event sequences that have the
potential to compromise essential safety elements of a repository within the
predicted operation period. These can be divided into political–economic
crises and event sequences following transnational natural disasters. A look at the political development of the past 150 years shows that even if only the present territory of Germany is considered, there have been profound disruptions, such as three wars, several major economic
depressions, revolutionary government changes, and attempted military coups.
This summary shows that political and economic stability as well as a
continuous orderly operation cannot be taken for granted. Historic as well
as present experiences from the country where the repository is planned as
well as the neighbouring regions should be considered when assessing the
potential consequences of such events. Local natural disasters are already taken into account in site selection,
e.g. risk of flooding, volcanism, or earthquakes. Less attention is
typically given to the indirect effects of transnational disastrous events.
These include climatic extremes (e.g. droughts), cosmic and geological
disasters (e.g. geomagnetic storms) and their climatic consequences (e.g.
volcanic winter), and pandemics. Such natural disasters may cause
economic depressions and subsequently contribute to political turmoil (e.g.
the drought of 1788 as one of the causes of the French Revolution in 1789). At the stage of concept design, additional safety elements, measures, and
processes should be included that help to manage situations of external
stress and to avoid irreversible processes that challenge the safety
architecture of the repository.
Public participation in nuclear waste storage and disposal: a comparative analysis of German and US approaches
Authors: Djokić Denia , Kelle Friederike Luise 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The national nuclear waste management programs of Germany
and the United States of America currently both find themselves at critical
junctures. The US government is reviving its efforts for consent-based
siting of a consolidated interim nuclear waste storage facility (, ), in the
momentary absence of, but with future hope for, a viable permanent disposal
solution for the nation's nuclear waste. Germany is in the process of
implementing legal directives to find a final disposal site for its nuclear
waste that meets high safety standards (BASE, 2022), while further developing its
strategy for public participation in the process (Weißpflug et al., 2022). The two national
contexts exhibit significant differences in political systems, historical
trajectories, institutional roles, and societal structure, as well as
attitudes towards nuclear energy and radioactive waste disposal strategies
(Richter et al., 2022; Saraç-Lesavre, 2021; Joppke, 1993; Blattmann et al., 2023). However, respective approaches to public participation in
managing and disposing of nuclear waste exhibit some commonalities in
motivations, strategies, and goals. What can policy audiences in both
countries learn from the respective national nuclear waste management
programs, creating the potential for participatory processes to be more
adaptive, responsive, and flexible to a diversity of values and social
actors? How do the findings from the comparative analysis of US and German
cases translate into policy-relevant lessons for other national waste
management programs engaging with the design of participatory processes and
nuclear waste governance frameworks? We offer a systematic comparative analysis of the foundations and rationale
of the US and German programs for nuclear waste disposal. We aim to
illuminate conceptual and empirical contrasts and comparisons between the
two nations' engagement of the public in the storage and disposal of spent
nuclear fuel, leading to nationally appropriate policy-relevant insights.
Categories for analysis include national disposal goals, historical
trajectories, institutional setup, and definition of partners in
participation processes. Through comparison and contrast of these categories
across the two nations, we allow for deeper insight into the conditions,
frameworks, and assumptions in which policy makers operate and can draw from
Hopkin (2010). This discussion will identify and compare relevant knowledge, narratives,
and legal frameworks in each nation's approach to incorporating public
participation in the process of searching for a site to store or dispose of
nuclear waste. We encourage reflection and learning through comparing and
contrasting core principles of these two cases, with the aim of maximizing
avenues of mutual learning towards responsible, safe, and democratic nuclear
waste management.
Transdisciplinary research with respect to trust/confidence building by longer-term, near-field monitoring of a geological repository – part II
Authors: Othmer Johann Arne , Lux Karl-Heinz , Wolters Ralf , Feierabend Jörg 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. In the disposal of radioactive waste in Germany, a question arises with regards to how confidence in the safety and thus also in the acceptability of a deep geological repository can be increased. One way to achieve this is to involve the interested public in the monitoring process of the repository, even after the emplacement phase and even in already backfilled areas of the repository. The transdisciplinary research project TRANSENS, specifically its work package TRUST, is investigating how the longer-term monitoring of a deep geological repository can lead to greater trust and confidence among the public. This scientific research is done in cooperation with a group of non-scientific actors chosen from the interested public, the so-called ArbeitsGruppeBevölkerung (AGBe). Results of a first workshop held together with the scientific research members and 12 non-scientific actors were already presented in Othmer et al. (2021). Building on this first workshop, a second workshop was held on the topic of repository monitoring. The results of this second workshop are presented in this article, focussing on the workshop process, the used methodology, and the insights gained. The second workshop consisted of three blocks, namely joint transdisciplinary research, concerns and reservations, and conflicting goals in the technical design of longer-term repository monitoring. After the workshop, an online questionnaire was sent out to AGBe members to gather their basic attitudes towards repository monitoring and the weighting of individual aspects of the monitoring concept. The results provided insights into the requirements of the AGBe for the design of socio-technical monitoring concepts that are considered trustworthy. The findings also revealed existing concerns and reservations, requirements for the technical design, and the relevance of individual aspects of the monitoring concept. Moreover, a change in attitude towards repository monitoring was observed, compared to the first workshop. In addition, the second workshop improved the experience in the application of various methods for transdisciplinary formats. It made progress in the transdisciplinary treatment of near-field monitoring topic as well because
relevant information for the design of a socio-technical-based monitoring
concept was developed. Further topics, such as decision-making based on
technical monitoring data, were identified and will be dealt with using transdisciplinary formats during a third workshop.
Methods for the quantification of uncertainties in thermo–hydro–mechanical simulations for safety analyses and influence of modelling decisions
Authors: Nagel Thomas , Bittens Maximilian , Buchwald Jörg , Chaudhry Aqeel A. , Ernst Oliver G. , Gräsle Werner , Kiszkurno Feliks , Kurgyis Kata , Maßmann Jobst , Mayr Sibylle , Thiedau Jan , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The simulation of thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical coupled processes can be a decisive factor in the integrity assessment of geotechnical and geological barriers. Modelling decisions, such as the representation of heterogeneity and the constitutive models used, significantly impact the simulation outcome (Wagener and Pianosi, 2019). Furthermore, numerical inputs to the simulation, i.e. material parameters and boundary conditions, are subject to uncertainty. This results in a lower confidence level of the outcome, even if the overall simulation framework is well validated. To derive robust conclusions from such analyses, it is important to quantify the relative impact of modelling decisions and inputs on certain quantities of interest. Parameter uncertainties can be quantified by their forward propagation through the discretized problem (Helton, 1994), providing a natural frame of reference for quantifying structural uncertainty (Bond et al., 2007), such as the representation of heterogeneity, and for model validation. This contribution will focus on the latter aspects. We present research on workflows for the unification of evaluating uncertainty in experimental data and certain modelling decisions. We first
focus on parameter uncertainty quantification and the resulting conclusions
concerning the chosen modelling approach. Hereafter, scale questions are
addressed in the context of heterogeneity and anisotropy, based on selected
case studies. We close by discussing two example applications, namely one at the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) scale (Mount Terri Full-Scale Emplacement (FE) experiment) and one at the repository scale (ANSICHT Ton Nord model). This work is done as part of the Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BGE URS) research cluster.
Requirements for inventory models of radioactive waste
Authors: Rauscher Berit , Vespa Marika , Haneke Kirsten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The aim of the final disposal of radioactive waste is to ensure the best possible safety for the long-term protection (i.e. 1 million years) of humans and the environment from ionizing radiation and other harmful effects of this waste. In Germany, the Site Selection Act (StandAG) regulates the procedure for determining the site with the best possible safety for a repository with high-level radioactive waste. One of the mandatory aspects of the StandAG is to perform various preliminary safety
assessments in order to assess the expected extent of the safe confinement of the radioactive waste. For this purpose, all information (in particular on the quantity, type, composition and activity) of the waste (i.e. the
inventory) is required to conduct the respective safety assessment. On behalf of the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management
(BASE) and within the framework of the research project “Significance of the radioactive waste inventory in the site selection for a repository (InvEnd)”, Brenk Systemplanung GmbH identified the characteristics of the inventory required for the preliminary safety assessments. To determine these inventory characteristics, two main data sources were analysed, namely the generic but host-rock-specific concepts for a German high-level radioactive waste repository and the inventory data and approaches of other countries with technologically developed repository programmes. The identified characteristics can be divided into different groups (e.g.
geometric, chemical, radiological and physical) and categories such as
primary inventory data that are essential for carrying out the preliminary
safety assessments or secondary inventory data which validate the primary
inventory data. The evaluation of the impact of the identified characteristics shows that
especially data on component-specific chemical composition and
component-specific radionuclide inventory have a high impact on the results of safety assessments. These characteristics are, in turn, dependent on other characteristics, such as the irradiation history and the original chemical composition of the fuel in addition to the structural parts of the fuel assemblies. Furthermore, the study assesses uncertainties of the inventory characteristics, such as data uncertainty and conceptual uncertainty. The
extent of data uncertainty depends on the inventory characteristic. However, in most cases, only qualitative assessments are possible. Conceptual uncertainties depend on the degree of simplification used to define reference wastes but cannot be quantified yet, as no reference wastes have been defined. The results of this study enable authorities and waste management
organizations to identify the key data of high-level radioactive waste
inventories that are essential for conducting safety assessments of
repositories, even during early stages of site selection and planning.
Efektivitas Kerja Receptionist Dalam Menangani Tamu Check – In Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Jumana Bali Ungasan Resort
Authors: Anjasuari Anak Agung Istri Sri , Wulan Anak Agung Istri Ratna Sari , Putra Dewa Gede 
Published: September 2023

This final project research takes place at Jumana Bali Ungasan Resort.The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of receptionist work in handling guest check-in during the COVID-19 pandemic at Jumana Bali Ungasan Resort. The data collection and analysis are in the form of documentation and interviews. It was found that several things were not done, including the receptionist who had not arrived 5 minutes before the work shift started. From the results of the research that has been described, it is suggested the receptionist is expected to carry out routine training, such as conducting management training for supervisors and all staff related to grooming at work and implementation of health protocols during the pandemic.
Efektivitas Pelayanan Amenities Tamu oleh Section At Your Service pada Era Pandemi COVID-19 di Hotel The Westin Resort & Spa Ubud Bali
Authors: Wulan Anak Agung Istri Ratna Sari , Ayusman I Kadek Arista Priana , Arthini Ni Nyoman Suci 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan di The Westin Resort & Spa Ubud Bali. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu ingin mengetahui efektivitas pelayanan amenities tamu oleh section at your service pada era pandemi COVID-19 di Hotel The Westin Resort & Spa Ubud Bali, menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara melakukan wawancara secara online, dengan karyawan at your service (AYS), yang berperan sebagai narasumber dalam penelitian ini. Selama melakukan penelitian, ditemukan beberapa hal yang belum sesuai dilakukan sesuai standar pelayanan amenities di The Westin Resort & Spa Ubud Bali, diantaranya belum memperbarui tingkat hunian kamar dan informasi di sistem; belum mengecek permintaan special tamu; tidak stand by untuk menerima telepon dari tamu yang akan check out hari itu; belum mempersiapkan amenities dan welcome card untuk tamu vip, special request, dan target promotor; tidak memasukan case GXP dan permintaan dari tamu; belum courtesy call dan follow up kemudian masukan ke GXP jika tamu melaporkan ada masalah.

Kata kunci:
Efektivitas, AYS, Amenities.
Peran Media Sosial Instagram (IG) Sebagai Media Promosi di D'Shopia Florist Bali
Authors: Sedaniati Ni Made Sri , Sekarti Ni Ketut , Arthini Ni Nyoman Suci 
Published: September 2023

Instagram (IG) has become one of the most widely used social media platforms for promotional purposes due to its various features. Businesses in the florist industry, such as D'Sophia Florist Bali, also utilize Instagram (IG) as a promotional tool. This research aims to understand the role of Instagramas a promotional medium for D'Sophia Florist Bali. The study adopts a quantitative approach in collecting and analyzing data. The instrument used is a questionnaire involving 50 respondents who are followers of D'Sophia Florist Bali on Instagram (IG). The questionnaire consists of 10 structured statements regarding 5 online promotion indicators, with responses divided into 5 scales. The research findings show that two indicators, namely advertising and sales promotion, have lower scores which is indicating a less effective role. On the other hand, three indicators such as public relations, direct marketing, and personal selling, have good scores, which is indicating their effective role. This research provides a deeper understanding of the promotion indicators that influence the promotional activities of D'Sophia Florist Bali. The implication of these findings is the need for D'Sophia Florist Bali to enhance their promotional activities conducted through Instagram (IG).
Keywords:
Instagram (IG), promotion, florist
ЖЫЛҚЫ САҚАУЫН ЕМДЕУГЕ АРНАЛҒАН БАКТЕРИОФАГ
Authors: Сармыкова Махпал , Б. А. Еспембетов , Н Сырым , К. Д. Алиханов , А.А. Самбетпаев 
Published: September 2023

Мақала Алматы облысының шаруашылықтарының сыртқы орта объектілерінен жиналған сынамалардан (топырақ, су, қи және мурын мен ауыз қуысынан алынған жағындылар) оқшауланған Streptococcus equi бактериофагтарының жаңа изоляттарының морфологиясы, литикалық белсенділігін, сондай-ақ оларға жоғары температураның, хлороформның және центрифугалау режимдерінің әсерін зерттеуге арналған.
Оқшауланған бактериофагтар әр түрлі литикалық белсенділікті көрсетті. Aппельман әдісі бойынша 10-5-тен 10-8-ге дейін және Грация әдісі 2 х 108-ден 9 х 108 БТБ /мл болса, Отто әдісі бойынша бөлінген фагтар тек қана Streptococcus equi-ге телімді екені анықталды. Зерттелетін бактериофагтар 60оС температурада 30 минут бойы өңдеуге және 1:10 қатынасында хлороформмен 40 минут өңдеуге төзімді екені анықталса, өсіру уақыты 18-20 сағат, центрифулау арқылы тазарту режімі 4000 айн/мин 20 минутты құрады.
Кешенді зерттеліп жатқан бактериофагтардың морфологиялық қасиеттерін анықтау мақсатында электронды микроскопия әдісі қолданылды. Аталмыш зерттеу JEM 100 CX JEOL микроскопы арқылы жүзеге асты. Нәтижесінде қоршаған ортадан оқшауланған бактериофагтардың өлшемі 1-4 нм құрайтыны анықталды. Әрмен қарай бактериофагтар сақау аурыуын емдейтін препарат әзірлеу мақсатында қосымша зерттеулер жүргізіліп сарапталатын болады.
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk for premature employment exit: A longitudinal study among 60 427 middle-aged and older workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank
Authors: Runge Katharina , van Zon Sander KR , Henkens Kène , Bültmann Ute 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine whether (i) metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk for premature employment exit and (ii) a dose–response relationship exists between an increasing number of MetS components and premature employment exit among middle-aged and older workers.
METHODS: A sample of N=60 427 Dutch workers (40–64 years old) from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank were examined using data from five measurement waves during a total median follow-up time of 4.2 years. MetS components were based on physical measures, blood markers, and medication use. Premature employment exit types (ie, unemployment, work disability, and early retirement) were determined using questionnaires. MetS and number of MetS components were examined as risk factors for premature employment exit using competing risk regression analysis.
RESULTS: MetS significantly increased the risk for work disability [adjusted sub distribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54–2.05] and unemployment (adjusted SHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.26). A clear dose–response relationship was found for an increasing number of MetS components and work disability. No associations were found between MetS (components) and early retirement after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.
CONCLUSIONS: MetS was identified as a modifiable early-stage cardio-metabolic risk factor especially for work disability and, to a lesser extent, for unemployment. Further, a clear dose–response relationship was found between an increasing number of MetS components and work disability. MetS interventions and prevention might help to prolong working lives. More awareness is needed among employers and occupational health professionals about the premature employment exit risk faced by middle-aged and older workers with MetS.
Long working hours and all-cause mortality in China: A 26-year follow-up study
Authors: Huang Yeen , Xiang Yingping , Zhou Wei , Li Guanpeng , Zhao Chengzhi , Zhang Di , Fang Shenying 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between long working hours and the risk of mortality has been debated in various countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between long working hours and all-cause mortality in a large population-based cohort in China.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study (N=10 269) used a large, nationally representative data set [the China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS)] from 1989 to 2015. Long working hours (≥55 hours per week) were compared to standard working hours (35–40 hours per week). The outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was calculated from Cox proportional hazards regression models, with stratified analyses to assess differences in mortality risk among subgroups.
RESULTS: Among the participants, 411 deaths (3.52 per 1000 person-years) occurred during a median follow-up of 11.0 (range 4.0–18.0) years. After adjusting for covariates, long working hours were associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR 1.49, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.02–2.18]. Stratified analyses revealed that this association was present only among men (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15–2.75) and smoking participants (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05–2.57).
CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of an association between long working hours and all-cause mortality, which is specifically observed among men and smokers. Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce excessive working hours and identify individuals at elevated risk, with support from labor organizations, policymakers, and employers.