bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coumarin contents of tonka (Dipteryx odorata) products
Authors: Toma Andreea Claudia , Stegmüller Simone , Richling Elke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTonka (Dipteryx odorata) is a plant native in tropical Africa. The tonka fruits contain a kernel, commercialized as tonka beans. These kernels are known to contain coumarin, a natural flavoring compound widely used in foods and pastries, beverages, and cosmetics. Coumarin is known to be liver toxic and therefore authorities have regulated its contents in foods and alcoholic beverages. The purpose of this study was to quantify the concentration of coumarin in different foods and beverages that contain tonka beans or were prepared thereof. The tonka beans itself or the products thereof were extracted with methanol and these extracts were analyzed using a HPLC-UV/Vis method. We have extracted and measured 20.4 ± 0.4 to 43.4 ± 0.9 mg coumarin per gram in six samples of tonka beans. In sugars aromatized with tonka (n = 3) 0.2 ± 0.0 mg/g of coumarin were observed and in two pastes produced from tonka 0.6 ± 0.0 mg/g were determined. A handcrafted ‘Tonka Gin’ was containing 2.2 ± 0.0 mg/L. Based on the non-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for hepatotoxicity in animal experiments, the Scientific Panel on Food Additives Flavorings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) established a Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 0.1 mg/kg bw (body weight) coumarin. We suggest to critically evaluate whether the TDI could be exceeded by consuming the products tested containing coumarin.
AMPed up immunity: 418 whole genomes reveal intraspecific diversity of koala antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Petrohilos Cleopatra , Peel Emma , Silver Luke W. , Belov Katherine , Hogg Carolyn J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCharacterising functional diversity is a vital element to understanding a species’ immune function, yet many immunogenetic studies in non-model organisms tend to focus on only one or two gene families such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or toll-like receptors (TLR). Another interesting component of the eukaryotic innate immune system is the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The two major groups of mammalian AMPs are cathelicidins and defensins, with the former having undergone species-specific expansions in marsupials. Here, we utilised data from 418 koala whole genomes to undertake the first comprehensive analysis of AMP diversity across a mammalian wildlife species’ range. Overall, allelic diversity was lower than other immune gene families such as MHC, suggesting that AMPs are more conserved, although balancing selection was observed in PhciDEFB12. Some non-synonymous SNPs in the active peptide are predicted to change AMP function through stop gains, change in structure, and increase in peptide charge. Copy number variants (CNVs) were observed in two defensins and one cathelicidin. Interestingly, the most common CNV was the duplication of PhciCATH5, a cathelicidin with activity against chlamydia, which was more common in the southern part of the species range than the north. AMP copy number is correlated with expression levels, so we hypothesise that there is a selective pressure from chlamydia for duplications in PhciCATH5. Future studies should use phenotypic metadata to assess the functional impacts of this gene duplication.
Dynamic region of interest generation for maritime horizon line detection using time series analysis
Authors: Agaoglu Ahmet , Topaloglu Nezih 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMaritime horizon line detection is critical in applications such as marine navigation and ocean surveillance. This study introduces a novel system that leverages dynamic region of interest (ROI) generation and time series analysis to improve both accuracy and computational efficiency. By employing parallelogram-shaped ROIs with dynamically controlled heights, the system minimizes processing time while maintaining high detection accuracy. It incorporates a control system to correct inaccurate ROIs and mechanisms to detect the presence or absence of the horizon line. Evaluated on the Buoy Dataset (BD) and Singapore Maritime Dataset (SMD), the system demonstrates superior performance over state-of-the-art algorithms, indicating its suitability for real-time applications in dynamic maritime environments. The proposed system achieves median positional and angular errors of 0.83 pixels and 0.08 degrees, respectively, on the SMD, and 0.91 pixels and 0.12 degrees, respectively, on the BD. Additionally, the mean ROI size corresponds to 3% of the video frame size, enabling the system to achieve 20 frames per second for SMD and 33.3 frames per second for BD. The source code and associated datasets utilized in this study are publicly available and can be accessed through https://github.com/Ahmet-Agaoglu/HL-Detection-using-TSA, ensuring reproducibility and facilitating further research. Additionally, the result videos, which showcase the outcomes of this research, are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13768637.
Management of hidradenitis suppurativa in the inpatient setting: a clinical guide
Authors: Maskan Bermudez Narges , Elman Scott A. , Kirsner Robert S. , Lev-Tov Hadar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the axilla, inframammary folds, buttocks, inner thighs, and anogenital regions. Patients with moderate to severe HS often seek care in the emergency department and may require hospitalization; however, the lack of clear admission criteria and management guidelines presents significant challenges. To address these issues, we conducted a clinical review aimed at hospitalists and consulting dermatologists considering hospital admission for patients experiencing severe HS flares. Admission offers a unique opportunity to optimize care through specialized consultations, pain management, rescue therapy, and surgical planning. Furthermore, multimodal treatments, particularly biologics, are needed to achieve clinical remission in severe disease. Streamlining care during hospitalization for the early initiation of these therapies can significantly improve flare management and overall clinical outcomes for HS patients. This review aims to improve care for HS by providing clear and comprehensive guidance on its management in the inpatient setting.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for trichome development in Brassica villosa using genetic, genomic, and transcriptomic approaches
Authors: Bergmann Thomas , Ye Wanzhi , Rietz Steffen , Cai Daguang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBrassica villosa is characterized by its dense hairiness and high resistance against the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Information on the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing trichome development in B. villosa is rare. Here, we analyzed an F2 population, derived from a cross between B. villosa and the glabrous B. oleracea by QTL mapping and transcriptomic analyses. As a result, the phenotyping of 171 F2 progenies revealed a wide range of variation in trichome development. Subsequent genotyping with the 15-k Illumina SNP array resulted in a genetic map with 970 markers and a total length of 812 cM. Four QTLs were identified, which explained phenotypic variation from 3.2% to 40.3%. Interestingly, one of these was partially co-localized with the major QTL for Sclerotinia-resistance previously detected in the same F2 population. However, only a moderate correlation between trichomes and Sclerotinia-resistance was observed. In total, 133 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with trichome development were identified, from which only BoTRY, an orthologue of Arabidopsis TRY encoding a MYB transcription factor negatively regulating trichome development, was located within the major QTL. Expression of BoTRY was tissue-specific and highly variable between the hairy and glabrous species, suggesting that BoTRY may also act as a master-switch regulator of trichome development in B. villosa. This study provides valuable data for further understanding the genetic architecture of trichome development and identifying related genes and mechanisms in Brassica species. Molecular markers can be developed to facilitate the introgression and selection of this trait in oilseed rape breeding.
When and how are complications suspected after shunt surgery in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Authors: Virhammar Johan , Fasth Oskar , Vedung Fredrik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
The follow-up routine for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) after shunt surgery differs across medical centers. Shunt surgery is not without risks, with complications emerging at various times after the procedure. The aim was to explore the timing and methods of detecting complications following ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery for iNPH.

Methods
This retrospective study examined patients who underwent shunt surgery for iNPH at Uppsala University Hospital between 2011 and 2018. The cohort comprised 491 patients. Postoperative complications within the first 12 months were recorded from medical records. Complications were classified by type, and the method or event that first indicated the complication was documented.

Results
Of the 491 patients, 102 (20.8%) experienced complications during the one-year follow-up period, with a shunt revision rate of 15.5% (76 patients requiring reoperation). Subdural hematomas/hygromas were the most common complications, with 27 cases; only three required surgical intervention. Most complications were identified through additional appointments triggered by patient-reported symptoms (31.4%), while the planned follow-up routine with CT scans and planned follow-up visits together accounted for 56% of the detections. The 3-month and 12-month follow-up visits detected similar proportions of complications (12.7% and 11.8%, respectively).

Conclusion
The majority of the complications were detected at a planned visit or investigation. Given the cognitive impairments in iNPH patients and that signs of shunt dysfunction can be subtle, a structured follow-up routine is important for timely detection of complications. The findings suggest that both CT scans and planned follow-up visits are critical components of effective postoperative monitoring.
Strange features are no better than no features: predator recognition by untrained birds
Authors: Fišer Ondřej , Strnadová Irena , Veselý Petr , Syrová Michaela , Němec Michal , Kamišová Barbora , Šalom Josef , Fuchs Roman 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPredator recognition is essential for prey survival, allowing for appropriate antipredator strategies. Some bird species, such as the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio), distinguish not only between predators and non-threatening species but also between different predator species. Earlier studies have identified general predator “key features”, especially beak shape and talons, as critical for predator recognition. The question, though, still remains of whether exchanging predator key features with those of nonpredatory species or, alternatively, completely removing them, have different or equal impact on recognition. Here we tested to ascertain whether the presence of the “incorrect key features” of a harmless pigeon (Columba livia) placed on a common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) body impairs predator recognition more efficiently than the absence of any key features. We presented an unmodified kestrel dummy and two modified kestrel dummies (one with pigeon key features, the other lacking key features) to wild red-backed shrikes defending their nest. The shrikes attacked the unmodified dummy kestrel more intensively than both kestrel modifications when defending the nest. However, shrikes did not show different responses to the kestrel with pigeon key features and the featureless kestrel. Our findings show that the absence and exchange of key features have the same effect in this case. These results are discussed in the context of recognition of a specific predator species and predators as a category in general.
Three-stage robotic STEM program ignites secondary school students’ interest in STEM career and attitudes toward science
Authors: Dökme İlbilge , Hancıoğlu Zümrüt Şengüler 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe electricity-related topics in the secondary school science curriculum are near-universal standards across countries. We prepared a three-stage robotic STEM program incorporating coding, robotic integrated science (in the topic of electricity), STEM engineering processes, and their educational structures. We investigated the impact of the three-stage robotic STEM program on attitudes toward science and STEM career interests, which are the most important psychological triggers of learning. We conducted our research using a comparative quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest experimental and control groups with 73 students in 7th grade in a public secondary school. While the experimental group students completed their performances by building and running the circuits in the activities of the three-stage robotics-STEM program, the control group students completed their performances by building and running the without-coding version of the circuits in these activities. Our research findings unveil an exciting prospect: by integrating block-based coding, robotics, and STEM engineering processes into electricity topics, we can significantly enhance and diversify student activities on electricity. Moreover, our finding reveals that the robotics-STEM program applied in the experimental group positively affects students’ STEM career interests and attitudes toward science compared to the control group. By showcasing the benefits of a thorough three-stage robotic STEM program with about fifty activities, this study has the potential to advance science education by skillfully integrating several disciplines, including science (such as understanding sensors and electrical circuits), technology, and engineering (such as creating robotic designs and assembling hardware components), and mathematics (using algorithms and data analysis).
The challenge of preventing gastric cancer in patients under surveillance for familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Bouchiba Hicham , Aelvoet Arthur S. , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Bastiaansen Barbara A. J. , Dekker Evelien 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSeveral extra-colonic manifestations, including duodenal polyposis and desmoid tumors, are well-described manifestations in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). More recently, an increase in gastric cancer diagnoses has been observed in FAP. This case series presents nine patients with FAP who were diagnosed with gastric cancer at our FAP expertise center, of whom eight were diagnosed between 2017 and 2023, while before 2017 the only diagnosis of gastric cancer was in 2001. Among the nine cases of gastric cancer, seven were located in the proximal stomach amidst carpeting fundic gland polyposis and two were located in the distal stomach. Despite ongoing advances in endoscopic technology, all patients were diagnosed during regular endoscopic surveillance, and six of the nine patients died within two years. We aim to raise awareness on gastric cancer risk in FAP patients and stress the urgent need of improved gastric surveillance strategies with timely detection of gastric cancer precursors.
Graduates’ career choices: an empirically derived process model
Authors: Yates Julia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCareer decision-making models, devised to help career decision-makers to make better choices, are not well-used in practice in higher education (HE), perhaps because they are too far removed from natural decision-making approaches. This study examines the career decision-making processes of 30 employed recent UK graduates. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with a reflexive thematic analysis. The findings identified three processes: generating an idea, exploring in-depth, and choosing. The discussion identifies differences between this model and existing prescriptive models: ideas are identified and analyzed singly, self-exploration takes place after idea generation, and chance plays a significant part throughout.
Development of an Instrument to Assess Perceived Territorial Capital (PerTerCapSc): Reliability and Validation of a Scale Based on Inhabitants’ Beliefs
Authors: Djamen Raoul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article contributes to the existing literature on attractiveness and impact tools, by developing and validating a tool for measuring territorial capital based on the beliefs and perceptions of target populations, in this case young people. The tool was developed from 26 items selected through 5 non-directive interviews and 20 semi-structured interviews, enriched by a literature review. The results of psychometric tests (exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis), based on a survey of 400 young people living in rural area of Cameroon, led to the selection of a factor structure with 18 items corresponding to 6 components of perceived territorial capital. These are social and cultural capital, anthropic capital, institutional capital, environmental capital, cognitive capital, and economic capital. This research can be a valuable aid in enhancing the effectiveness of policies aimed at improving rural attractiveness.
Negative teacher feedback toward students decreases the probability of empathic classmates making a sociometric choice
Authors: Spilles Markus , Nicolay Philipp , Hank Corinna , Plutz Raphael , Huber Christian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNumerous studies in recent decades have shown that teacher feedback significantly influences the sociometric choices of students by their classmates. Most of these studies refer to social referencing theory, which suggests that the teacher’s emotional communication expressing sympathy or antipathy toward the feedback-receiving student influences the perceptions of the feedback-observing classmates. Therefore, the classmates’ emotional competencies could moderate the relationship between teacher feedback and sociometric choices. This study investigates the correlation between teacher feedback, affective empathy, and sociometric choices, taking specific student dyads into account. The research questions are: (1) Is a classmate’s perception of teacher feedback related to their sociometric choice of the feedback-receiving student? (2) Is a classmate’s affective empathy related to their sociometric choices? (3) Does a classmate’s affective empathy moderate the relationship between their perception of teacher feedback and their sociometric choice of the feedback-receiving student? 826 primary school students from 41 classes (49% female, Mage = 9.15) participated in a cross-sectional study. Multilevel models indicate that a classmate’s perception of positive and negative teacher feedback toward a feedback-receiving student and a classmate’s affective empathy are both predictors of their sociometric choices. Furthermore, a classmate’s affective empathy moderates the relationship between negative teacher feedback and their sociometric choices, but not between positive teacher feedback and their sociometric choices. The results suggest that empathic classmates generally seem to make more sociometric choices. However, if a student receives a lot of negative feedback, they are also less likely to get a sociometric choice by an empathic classmate.
Measuring the Impact of Healthcare Provider Availability on Quality of Care and Disease Burden in Ohio: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Borgemenke Samuel , Newsom D’Nair , Leftwich Halie , Gideon Lucille , Beverly Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Chronic lower respiratory disease, heart disease, and diabetes have a higher prevalence in rural areas. Previous studies raise concerns that a lower supply of physicians is associated with negative outcomes.

Objective
To assess disease burden across the 88 counties in Ohio, including Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties, and examine associations with the number of healthcare providers.

Methods
We utilized data sourced from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Mapping Medicare Disparities tool. We conducted ANOVA to compare the mean number of primary care physicians (PCP), specialty physicians, advanced practice providers (APP), and other healthcare providers for Ohio counties. We calculated mean prevalence, principal cost, and prevention quality indicator (PQI) by health condition. We analyzed the relationship between healthcare providers and the PQI across counties, and examined differences in healthcare providers and disease burden between Appalachian and non-Appalachian regions.

Results
The mean number of providers per 100,000 people significantly differed between PCP, specialty physicians, APP, and other healthcare providers (F = 13.9, P < 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension (mean = 67.0, SD = 2.2) and diabetes (mean = 27.1, SD = 2.4) was the highest of the selected conditions. The number of preventable hospitalizations from chronic conditions (mean = 2024.9, SD = 526.8) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the number of preventable hospitalizations from acute conditions (mean = 851.6, SD = 262.2). The multivariate mixed effects model of PCP*Specialist*APP*Other was the best predictive model for all health conditions (P < 0.001). COPD (mean = 17.4, SD = 2.8) and diabetes (mean = 28.4, SD = 2.3) in Appalachian counties were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than COPD (mean = 13.7, SD = 1.9) and diabetes (mean = 26.2, SD = 2.1) in non-Appalachian counties.

Conclusion
This study found higher PQI scores for chronic conditions than acute conditions, indicating the need for higher-quality outpatient care to prevent avoidable hospital admissions. Further, Appalachian counties had fewer other healthcare providers and many counties lacked specialist physicians, highlighting significant disparities in healthcare access in Appalachian Ohio.
Debate: Lipid-lowering Therapies and Diabetes Development
Authors: Brandts Julia , Müller-Wieland Dirk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review explores the relationship between lipid-lowering therapies, particularly statins, and the risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD). It examines the underlying mechanisms and evaluates whether other lipid-lowering agents present similar risks.

Recent Findings
Recent meta-analyses further underscore a dose-dependent increase in NOD risk with statin therapy, particularly with high-intensity statins. In contrast to other LDL-cholesterol lowering drugs and their impact on lipid metabolism in the liver, genetic and experimental studies indicate that statins may impair insulin secretion through various mechanisms, including alterations in small G protein function, calcium signaling, and cholesterol homeostasis in pancreatic beta cells. This might contribute to the increased risk of NOD.

Summary
Statins effectively reduce cardiovascular events but increase the risk of NOD, potentially via intracellular pathways affecting liver and beta-cell function. Despite the cardiovascular benefits of statins, personalized treatment strategies and alternative lipid-lowering therapies may offer safer options for patients at risk of diabetes, potentially shaping future clinical guidelines and therapeutic approaches.