bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Sub‐Cells Modification Enables High‐Efficiency n–i–p Type Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Yao Qin , Xie Yue‐Min , Zhou Yingzhi , Xue Qifan , Xu Xin , Gao Yujia , Niu Tianqi , Chu Linghao , Zhou Zhisheng , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Shi Tingting , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (POTSCs) have attracted increasing attention owing to ability to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit. However, compromised sub‐cells performance limits the tandem device performance, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of POTSCs is still lower than their single‐junction counterparts. Therefore, optimized sub‐cells with minimal energy loss are desired for producing high‐efficiency POTSCs. In this study, an ionic liquid, methylammonium acetate (MAAc), is used to modify wide‐bandgap perovskite sub‐cells (WPSCs), and bathocuproine (BCP) is used to modify small‐bandgap organic solar cells. The Ac− group of MAAc can effectively heal the Pb defects in the all‐inorganic perovskite film, which enables a high PCE of 17.16% and an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.31 V for CsPbI2.2Br0.8‐based WPSCs. Meanwhile, the BCP film, inserted at the ZnO/organic bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) interface, acts as a space layer to prevent direct contact between ZnO and the BHJ while passivating the surface defects of ZnO, thereby mitigating ZnO defect‐induced efficiency loss. As a result, PM6:CH1007‐based SOSCs exhibit a PCE of 15.46%. Integrating these modified sub‐cells enable the fabrication of monolithic n–i–p structured POTSCs with a maximum PCE of 22.43% (21.42% certified), which is one of the highest efficiencies in such type of POTSCs.
Triplet Excitons and Associated Efficiency‐Limiting Pathways in Organic Solar Cell Blends Based on (Non‐) Halogenated PBDB‐T and Y‐Series
Authors: Grüne Jeannine , Londi Giacomo , Gillett Alexander J. , Stähly Basil , Lulei Sebastian , Kotova Maria , Olivier Yoann , Dyakonov Vladimir , Sperlich Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe great progress in organic photovoltaics (OPV) over the past few years has been largely achieved by the development of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), with power conversion efficiencies now approaching 20%. To further improve device performance, loss mechanisms must be identified and minimized. Triplet states are known to adversely affect device performance, since they can form energetically trapped excitons on low‐lying states that are responsible for non‐radiative losses or even device degradation. Halogenation of OPV materials has long been employed to tailor energy levels and to enhance open circuit voltage. Yet, the influence on recombination to triplet excitons has been largely unexplored. Using the complementary spin‐sensitive methods of photoluminescence detected magnetic resonance and transient electron paramagnetic resonance corroborated by transient absorption and quantum‐chemical calculations, exciton pathways in OPV blends are unravelled employing the polymer donors PBDB‐T, PM6, and PM7 together with NFAs Y6 and Y7. All blends reveal triplet excitons on the NFA populated via non‐geminate hole back transfer and, in blends with halogenated donors, also by spin‐orbit coupling driven intersystem crossing. Identifying these triplet formation pathways in all tested solar cell absorber films highlights the untapped potential for improved charge generation to further increase plateauing OPV efficiencies.
Real‐Time Probing and Unraveling the Morphology Formation of Blade‐Coated Ternary Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaics with In Situ X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Peng Zhongxiang , Zhang Yaowen , Sun Xiaokang , Zhao Wenchao , Bian Fenggang , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long , Yang Chunming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCharacterizing the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology of the active layer is essential for optimizing blade‐coated organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, the morphology evolution of a highly efficient ternary polymer:nonfullerene blend PM6:N3:N2200 under different blade coating conditions is probed in real‐time by in situ synchrotron X‐ray scattering and in situ ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy. Besides, the morphology of blade‐coated blend films at different conditions is detailed by ex situ X‐ray scattering and microscopic imaging. The ternary blend film exhibited optimized morphology, such as superior molecular stacking structure and appropriate phase separation structure, and boosted photovoltaic performance of the binary blend, as adding a second polymer component to the host polymer:nonfullerene system can balance nucleation and crystallization of polymers and small molecules, facilitating molecular rearrangement to perfect crystallization. Both binary and ternary blends obtained optimized morphology and photovoltaic properties at medium coating speed, mainly attributed to the movement of the polymer and small molecules at the long crystallization and aggregation stage. These findings help understand morphology formation under film drying and provide guidance for optimizing the morphology in blade‐coated OSCs.
A Nanogenerator Enabled by a Perfect Combination and Synergetic Utilization of Triboelectrification, Charge Excitation and Electromagnetic Induction to Reach Efficient Energy Conversion
Authors: Li Gui , Wang Jian , Fu Shaoke , Shan Chuncai , Wu Huiyuan , An Shanshan , Du Yan , He Wencong , Wang Zhao , Liu Wenlin , Nie Yongjie , Liu Siyang , Wang Ping , Hu Chenguo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTriboelectric–electromagnetic hybridized nanogenerator (TEHG) is confirmed as an effective energy harvesting for Internet of Things. However, it is still a great challenge to gain a high‐output triboelectric‐nanogenerator (TENG) and to perfectly combine TENG with electromagnetic generator (EMG). Herein, a TEHG composed of space confined multi‐layer‐stack TENG (SM‐TENG) and stack compression promoted flux change EMG is proposed. The interaction of magnets on the rotor with the magnets on the stator makes contact–separation of the SM‐TENG and changes the magnetic flux of EMG in rotation process, reducing wear and deformation of TENG. A voltage multiplier circuit (VMC) with a Zener diode is employed to enhance SM‐TENG performance and maintain stable output. The output charge and current of four SM‐TENG units reach 3.2 µC and 385 µA at rotatory speed 60 rpm, and the voltage of four EMG reaches 8.09 V. The perfect combination and synergetic utilization of triboelectrification, charge excitation, and electromagnetic induction in a single device are realized. The integrated TEHG can power 12 bulbs (2 W) and 16 thermo‐hygrometers, and a Bluetooth thermo‐hygrometer to transmit wireless signals to a mobile phone. This work provides a new strategy for high efficient integration and utilization various mechanisms in one energy‐harvesting device.
3D Microprinting of Super‐Repellent Microstructures: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Dong Zheqin , Levkin Pavel. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLiquid super‐repellent surfaces, characterized by a low liquid–solid contact fraction, allow various liquids to bead up and freely roll off. Apart from liquid repellency, these surfaces feature several unique properties, including inter alia, self‐cleaning, low‐friction, anti‐icing, and anti‐biofouling, making them valuable for a vast array of applications involving liquids. Essential to achieve such super‐repellency is the bio‐inspired reentrant or doubly reentrant micro‐topography. However, despite their unique interfacial properties, the fabrication of these delicate 3D topographies by conventional microfabrication methods is extremely challenging. Recently, emerging 3D microprinting technologies, particularly two‐photon lithography, have brought new scope to this field. With unparalleled design freedom and flexibility, 3D microprinting greatly facilitates the design, testing, and studying of complex 3D microstructures. Here, applications of 3D microprinting in the design and fabrication of super‐repellent microstructures are summarized, with a focus on their remarkable properties, and new functionalities offered by these intricate 3D topographies. Current challenges and new opportunities of emerging 3D microprinting techniques to further advance liquid super‐repellent materials are also discussed.
High‐Tc Realization of Lead‐Free Halide Hybrid Ferroelectrics via Steric Confinement Modulation
Authors: Chen Qin , Jiang Haidong , Fan Yipeng , Li Zhou , Ye Huang , Yao Yunpeng , Chen Shuang , Ji Chengmin , Zhang Shuhua , Luo Junhua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) ferroelectrics with high Curie temperature (Tc), typified by the lead halide hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics, are developing rapidly owing to their maneuverable ferroelectricity at high temperatures. However, acquiring high‐Tc lead‐free HOIP ferroelectrics via rational strategy still needs development. In this study, a brand‐new program by modulating the steric confinement in a cuplike cavity to design high‐Tc bismuth‐halide ferroelectrics [H2mdap]BiX5 (H2mdap = N‐Methyl‐1,3‐Propanediamine, X = Cl (1), Br (2), I(3)) is proposed. Emphatically, the Tc enhanced dramatically from 264 K of 3 to 318 K of 2 and 377 K of 1, induced by the substitution of Br and Cl to I, accompanied with an interesting transition from second‐order phase transition (for 3) to the first‐order one (for 1 and 2). The extent of Tc increase is up to 113 K, which far outweighs that of reported Pb‐halide hybrid ferroelectrics. Structural and computational analyses elucidate that this unprecedented improvement of Tc is due to the higher phase transition energy barriers induced by modulating the steric confinement of cuplike cavity via halogen substitution. These results will provide new inspiration for designing high‐Tc lead‐free HOIP ferroelectrics.
Endogenous Electric Field‐Coupled PD@BP Biomimetic Periosteum Promotes Bone Regeneration through Sensory Nerve via Fanconi Anemia Signaling Pathway
Authors: Su Yanlin , Zeng Lian , Deng Rongli , Ye Bing , Tang Shuo , Xiong Zekang , Sun Tingfang , Ding Qiuyue , Su Weijie , Jing Xirui , Gao Qing , Wang Xiumei , Qiu Zhiye , Chen Kaifang , Quan Daping , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo treat bone defects, repairing the nerve‐rich periosteum is critical for repairing the local electric field. In this study, an endogenous electric field is coupled with 2D black phosphorus electroactive periosteum to explore its role in promoting bone regeneration through nerves. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to characterize the electrically active biomimetic periosteum. Here, the in vitro effects exerted by the electrically active periosteum on the transformation of Schwann cells into the repair phenotype, axon initial segment (AIS) and dense core vesicle (DCV) of sensory neurons, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are assessed using SEM, immunofluorescence, RNA‐sequencing, and calcium ion probes. The electrically active periosteum stimulates Schwann cells into a neuroprotective phenotype via the Fanconi anemia pathway, enhances the AIS effect of sensory neurons, regulates DCV transport, and releases neurotransmitters, promoting the osteogenic transformation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Microcomputed tomography and other in vivo techniques are used to study the effects of the electrically active periosteum on bone regeneration. The results show that the electrically active periosteum promotes nerve‐induced osteogenic repair, providing a potential clinical strategy for bone regeneration.
Zero‐Valence Selenium‐Enriched Prussian Blue Nanozymes Reconstruct Intestinal Barrier against Inflammatory Bowel Disease via Inhibiting Ferroptosis and T Cells Differentiation
Authors: Zhu Dongdong , Wu Haitao , Jiang Kai , Xu Yifeng , Miao Zhaohua , Wang Hua , Ma Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe structural disruption of mechanical barrier and dysfunction of immune barrier in intestinal, are important factors, that aggravate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To tackle this challenge, a multifunctional nanozyme capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting ferroptosis or T cells differentiation for IBD therapy is here reported. In this work, zero‐valence selenium‐enriched Prussian blue nanozymes (Se‐HMPB nanozymes) are prepared via the hard template method. PB nanozymes with multi‐enzyme activities can effectively scavenge various ROS in inflammatory tissues. Meanwhile, the presence of selenium element endows the glutathione peroxidase activity of Se‐HMPB nanozymes, which can inhibit ferroptosis and reverse the lipid peroxidation of intestinal epithelial cells to protect the intestinal mechanical barrier in ulcerative colitis (UC) model. In addition, selenium supplementation can realize efficient inhibition on the differentiation of T cells in Crohn's disease (CD) model, regulating the intestinal immune barrier. Thus, the Se‐HMPB nanozymes reconstructed intestinal barrier via inhibiting ferroptosis and T cells differentiation in UC and CD models, depicting great potential to alleviate IBD.
Water Spider‐Inspired Nanofiber Coating with Sustainable Scale Repellency via Air‐Replenishing Strategy
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Zhao Ran , He Xiao , Zhang Zhe , Meng Jingxin , Wang Shutao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo survive underwater even in severely hypoxic water for a long period, the water spider has to periodically collect and replenish air into the diving bell. Inspired by this natural air‐replenishing strategy, a water spider‐inspired nanofiber (WSN) coating with underwater superaerophilicity displaying excellent and sustainable scalephobic capability is prepared. Air film on the WSN coating can be well‐kept and further employed as the barrier layer for scale repellence. Significantly, scalephobic capability of the WSN coating mainly originates from two aspects: inhibiting interfacial nucleation and reducing interfacial adhesion of scale. Compared with previous studies, this WSN coating achieves excellent and sustainable scale repellence (≈ 98% reduction in scale deposition) even after a one‐month dynamic scaling test. Thus, this air‐replenishing strategy may raise a new avenue for advanced long‐term scalephobic materials.
Confined Water Cluster Formation in Water Harvesting by Metal–Organic Frameworks: CAU‐10‐H versus CAU‐10‐CH3
Authors: van der Veen Monique A. , Canossa Stefano , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Nenert Gwilherm , Frohlich Dominik , Rega Davide , Reinsch Helge , Shupletsov Leonid , Markey Karen , De Vos Dirk E. , Bonn Mischa , Stock Norbert , Maurin Guillaume , Backus Ellen H. G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeveral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) excel in harvesting water from the air or as heat pumps as they show a steep increase in water uptake at 10–30 % relative humidity (RH%). A precise understanding of which structural characteristics govern such behavior is lacking. Herein, CAU‐10‐H and CAU‐10‐CH3 are studied with H, CH3 corresponding to the functions grafted to the organic linker. CAU‐10‐H shows a steep water uptake ≈18 RH% of interest for water harvesting, yet the subtle replacement of H by CH3 in the organic linker drastically changes the water adsorption behavior to less steep water uptake at much higher humidity values. The materials’ structural deformation and water ordering during adsorption with in situ sum‐frequency generation, in situ X‐ray diffraction, and molecular simulations are unraveled. In CAU‐10‐H, an energetically favorable water cluster is formed in the hydrophobic pore, tethered via H‐bonds to the framework μOH groups, while for CAU‐10‐CH3, such a favorable cluster cannot form. By relating the findings to the features of water adsorption isotherms of a series of MOFs, it is concluded that favorable water adsorption occurs when sites of intermediate hydrophilicity are present in a hydrophobic structure, and the formation of energetically favorable water clusters is possible.
Pyramidal Hyperbolic Metasurfaces Enhance Spontaneous Emission of Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers in Nanodiamond
Authors: Zheng Peng , Liang Le , Arora Saransh , Ray Krishanu , Semancik Steve , Barman Ishan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamond hold great promise for creating superior biological labels and quantum sensing methods. Yet, inefficient photon generation and extraction from excited NV centers restrict the achievable sensitivity and temporal resolution. Herein, an entirely complementary route featuring pyramidal hyperbolic metasurface is reported to modify the spontaneous emission of NV centers. Fabricated using nanosphere lithography, the metasurface consists of alternatively stacked silica–silver thin films configured in a pyramidal fashion, and supports both spectrally broadband Purcell enhancement and spatially extended intense local fields owing to the hyperbolic dispersion and plasmonic coupling. The enhanced photophysical properties are manifested as a simultaneous amplification to the spontaneous decay rate and emission intensity of NV centers. It is envisioned that the reported pyramidal metasurface can serve as a versatile platform for creating chip‐based ultrafast single‐photon sources and spin‐enhanced quantum biosensing strategies, as well as aid in further fundamental understanding of photoexcited species in condensed phases.
Luminescence Temperature Quenching in Mn2+ Phosphors
Authors: van Bunningen Arnoldus J. , Sontakke Atul D. , van der Vliet Ruben , Spit Vincent G. , Meijerink Andries 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNarrower band red and green emission in phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (wLEDs) can improve the efficacy and color gamut in lighting and display applications. A promising luminescent ion is Mn2+ that can have both narrowband green (tetrahedral coordination) and red (octahedral coordination) emission. Unlike in earlier lighting applications of Mn2+ phosphors, temperature quenching is important in wLEDs. Insight into the thermal quenching behavior of Mn2+ luminescence is lacking. Here systematic research is reported for a variety of Mn2+‐doped phosphors; a huge variation in the luminescence quenching temperature T50, ranging from 50 K for Mn2+ in ZnTe to 1200 K in MgAl2O4, is revealed. The value T50 shows a positive correlation with the bandgap of the host, but no correlation with the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the emission band, indicating that thermally activated photoionization, not thermal crossover, is the operative quenching mechanism. This is confirmed by thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) measurements that show a rise in TSL signal following photoexcitation at temperatures around T50 providing evidence that quenching is correlated with generation of free charge carriers. Based on these findings, as a design rule is obtained that for temperature‐stable Mn2+ luminescence in (high power) LEDs a wide‐bandgap host material is required.
Synthesis of 2‐Methylindoles through Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Aniline Derivatives with Allylamines
Authors: He Xue‐Yi , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed reaction of aniline derivatives with allylamines was carried out, affording 2‐methylindoles via C−H/C−N bond activation. 4,5‐Dimethyl pyrimidin‐2‐yl group attached on the nitrogen atom of anilines is the most effective directing group and N‐allyl‐4‐fluoro‐N‐methylaniline is the optimal allylamine. The cyclization products were obtained in 16% to 96% yields. The method does not require external oxidant. A possible mechanism is proposed.magnified image
MnBr2‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxyazidation of Fluoroolefins: Access to Fluoroalkylated β‐Hydroxy Aliphatic Azides
Authors: Cai Yingying , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhu Chuanle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMnBr2‐catalyzed oxyazidation of fluoroolefins with molecular oxygen and TMSN3 is reported. This method gives rise to various useful fluoroalkylated β‐hydroxy aliphatic azides in 36%–97% yields. Importantly, this protocol features mild conditions, operationally simple, and gram‐scalable, it tolerates various functional groups and has been applied in the synthesis of diverse attractive bioactive compounds and analogous. Mechanism studies enable the detection of the intermediate and indicate that a radical reaction process is involved. The β‐fluoride elimination of α‐fluoroalkylated radicals via radical‐polar crossover pathway was completely inhibited in this reaction.magnified image
Synthesis of Alkylsulfonyl‐Substituted Indolo[2,1‐a]Isoquinolines via Photoredox‐Catalyzed Radical‐Cascade Addition/Sulfonylation/Cyclization with DABCO ⋅ (SO2)2 and Thianthrenium Salts
Authors: Yuan Xin , Liu Jie , Qin Long‐Zhou , Duan Xiu , Wang Jian , Wu Meng‐Yu , Qiu Jiang‐Kai , Guo Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA direct, visible‐light‐mediated, radical‐cascade addition/sulfonylation/cyclization reaction with DABCO ⋅ (SO2)2 and thianthrenium salts is reported herein. This protocol provides operationally‐convenient access to various sulfonated functionalized indole [2,1‐a] isoquinolines under mild conditions. This transformation features high functional‐group tolerance, operational ease, and broad substrate scope. Preliminary studies reveal that the method undergoes a radical pathway.magnified image
Characterizing Ion Transport in Electrolytes via Concentration and Velocity Profiles
Authors: Mistry Aashutosh , Srinivasan Venkat , Steinrück Hans‐Georg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrent flowing through an electrolyte is accompanied by continuum motion of ions and solvent, species concentration profiles, and the electric field. While, historically, the understanding of electrolyte transport has predominantly relied on interpreting macroscopic voltage (or current) measurements, recent advances in imaging and spectroscopic techniques allow velocity and concentration profiles to be probed directly. Such detailed information creates exciting opportunities—ranging from verifying theories describing transport in previously studied Li‐ion electrolytes, to new approaches for measuring properties as well as accurately and precisely quantifying transport in more complex electrolytes. Such emerging directions are herein discussed.
On the role of the macroscopic deformation in liquid film drainage between bubbles
Authors: Song Runci , Zhang Ling , Yi Zhengming , Zhou Yefeng , Yuan Haizhuan , Han Luchang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe collision of bubbles in multiphase reactors is critical to bubble size distribution. However, the theoretical models that can reasonably predict collision outcomes and the experimental data that can be used to directly verify the models are still very lacking. We studied the collision of two bubbles in clean water through experiments and theoretical modeling, revealing the mechanism that the collision result shifts from coalescence to rebound with increasing collision velocity. The macroscopic deformation (MacrD) of bubbles is associated with the film drainage via a segmented linear equation as a function of the film radius and initial Weber number. Thus, the current model can reflect the effect of MacrD in a self‐consistent way. The coalescence times and critical coalescence velocities predicted by the model were in good agreement with the experiments. This work provides novel insights into bubble coalescence modeling and serves to improve the accuracy of reactor simulations.