bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of artificial intelligence techniques for detection of mild cognitive impairment: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Quek Li JuanVivian , Heikkonen Maria Rosaliini , Lau Ying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe objective of this scoping review is to explore the types and mechanisms of Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI).BackgroundEarly detection of MCI is crucial because it may progress to Alzheimer's disease.DesignA systematic scoping review.MethodsFive‐step framework of Arksey and O'Malley was used following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. A total of 11 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Explore, Science.gov, ACM digital library, arXIV and ProQuest) was used to search from inception till 17th December 2021. Grey literature and reference list were searched. Articles screening and data charting were conducted by two independent reviewers.ResultsThere were a total of 70 articles included from 2011 to 2022 across 16 countries. Four types of AI techniques were found, namely machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), fuzzy logic (FL) and technique combinations. Herein, ML detects similar pattern within preselected data to classify subjects into non‐MCI or MCI groups. Meanwhile, DL performs classification based on data patterns and data analyses are performed by themselves. Furthermore, FL utilises human‐defined rules to decide the degree to which a person has MCI. A combination of AI techniques enhances the feature preparation phase for ML or DL to perform accurate classification.ConclusionAlthough AI‐based MCI detection tool is critical for healthcare decision‐making, clinical utility and risks remain underexplored. Hopefully, this review equips clinicians with background AI knowledge to address these clinical concerns. Hence, future research should explore more techniques and representative datasets to improve AI development.Relevance to clinical practiceResults of this review can increase the knowledge of AI‐based MCI detection tools.Review registrationThis study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework Registries (https://osf.io/45rdt).
Handgrip force and bite force in dentulous and edentulous individuals
Authors: Jabr Camila Luiz , Oliveira Lucas Portela , Campos Lucas Arrais , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini , de Oliveira Lima Amanda Laísa , de Assis Mollo Júnior Francisco , Filho João Neudenir Arioli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe literature is unclear about bite force (BF) and handgrip force (HF) in a specific group of different ages and dentate conditions, or even a predictive model for each specific group, using BF and HF as factors.ObjectiveTo establish the correlation between HF and BF in female participants with distinct ages and dentate conditions; also create a predictive model of BF as a function of HF.MethodsParticipants were divided into three groups (GI: young natural dentate women, n = 65; GII: adult natural dentate women, n = 67; and GIII: edentulous women users of bimaxillary complete dentures, n = 67) and subjected to an HF measurement test using a digital dynamometer. Subsequently, BF was measured using a digital gnathodynamometer in the molar region. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and multivariate analysis of variance (α = 0.05) were performed, and simple linear regression was used to obtain a model to predict BF from HF for each group separately (α = 0.05).ResultsAll groups presented moderate and strong correlations among the variables (GI: r = 0.838; GII: r = 0.714; GIII: r = 0.646). A significant difference in BF was observed (GI > GII > GIII; p < .05). GIII presented a significantly lower HF than the other groups (p < .05). Besides, three equations predicting BF, using HF, were obtained for use in young/adult dentate and edentulous women.ConclusionAll groups found a positive and significant correlation between BF, HF and groups. HF can be a simple and efficient method for predicting BF using the predictive models developed for women with good health.
Plant defensin MtDef4‐derived antifungal peptide with multiple modes of action and potential as a bio‐inspired fungicide
Authors: Tetorya Meenakshi , Li Hui , Djami‐Tchatchou Arnaud Thierry , Buchko Garry W. , Czymmek Kirk J. , Shah Dilip M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChemical fungicides have been instrumental in protecting crops from fungal diseases. However, increasing fungal resistance to many of the single‐site chemical fungicides calls for the development of new antifungal agents with novel modes of action (MoA). The sequence‐divergent cysteine‐rich antifungal defensins with multisite MoA are promising starting templates for design of novel peptide‐based fungicides. Here, we experimentally tested such a set of 17‐amino‐acid peptides containing the γ‐core motif of the antifungal plant defensin MtDef4. These designed peptides exhibited antifungal properties different from those of MtDef4. Focused analysis of a lead peptide, GMA4CG_V6, showed that it was a random coil in solution with little or no secondary structure elements. Additionally, it exhibited potent cation‐tolerant antifungal activity against the plant fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould disease in fruits and vegetables. Its multisite MoA involved localization predominantly to the plasma membrane, permeabilization of the plasma membrane, rapid internalization into the vacuole and cytoplasm, and affinity for the bioactive phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate (PI3P), PI4P, and PI5P. The sequence motif RRRW was identified as a major determinant of the antifungal activity of this peptide. While topical spray application of GMA4CG_V6 on Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants provided preventive and curative suppression of grey mould disease symptoms, the peptide was not internalized into plant cells. Our findings open the possibility that truncated and modified defensin‐derived peptides containing the γ‐core sequence could serve as promising candidates for further development of bio‐inspired fungicides.
Pectobacterium and Dickeya genus—A review on structural variations of O‐polysaccharides and their role in the pathogenic process of plants
Authors: Szulta Sylwia , Kornicka Anita 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPectobacterium and Dickeya are gram‐negative phytopathogens representing the Pectobacteriaceae family. Representatives of this genus cause damage to crops worldwide, posing a global threat to agricultural food production. The studies of chemical structures of the bacterial O‐polysaccharide repeating units and the role of these elements in the pathogenesis process are bringing about in‐depth understanding of the complex interactions of pathogenic microbes with plants, leading to potential reduction or elimination of phytopathogens. This review is devoted to structural variation characteristics of the O‐polysaccharides of strains of the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera, which help with improving classification schemes of these strains. Attention is also paid to the antigenic correlations of these strains within the genus and their O‐polysaccharide‐related bioactivities as well as the possible role of this component in plant–microbe interactions.
Non‐specific effects of the CINNAMATE‐4‐HYDROXYLASE inhibitor piperonylic acid
Authors: El Houari Ilias , Klíma Petr , Baekelandt Alexandra , Staswick Paul E. , Uzunova Veselina , Del Genio Charo I. , Steenackers Ward , Dobrev Petre I. , Filepová Roberta , Novák Ondrej , Napier Richard , Petrášek Jan , Inzé Dirk , Boerjan Wout , Vanholme Bartel 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYChemical inhibitors are often implemented for the functional characterization of genes to overcome the limitations associated with genetic approaches. Although it is well established that the specificity of the compound is key to success of a pharmacological approach, off‐target effects are often overlooked or simply neglected in a complex biological setting. Here we illustrate the cause and implications of such secondary effects by focusing on piperonylic acid (PA), an inhibitor of CINNAMATE‐4‐HYDROXYLASE (C4H) that is frequently used to investigate the involvement of lignin during plant growth and development. When supplied to plants, we found that PA is recognized as a substrate by GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.6 (GH3.6), an amido synthetase involved in the formation of the indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) conjugate IAA‐Asp. By competing for the same enzyme, PA interferes with IAA conjugation, resulting in an increase in IAA concentrations in the plant. In line with the broad substrate specificity of the GH3 family of enzymes, treatment with PA increased not only IAA levels but also those of other GH3‐conjugated phytohormones, namely jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Finally, we found that interference with the endogenous function of GH3s potentially contributes to phenotypes previously observed upon PA treatment. We conclude that deregulation of phytohormone homeostasis by surrogate occupation of the conjugation machinery in the plant is likely a general phenomenon when using chemical inhibitors. Our results hereby provide a novel and important basis for future reference in studies using chemical inhibitors.
The Arabidopsispre‐mRNA 3′ end processing related protein FIP1 promotes seed dormancy via the DOG1 and ABA pathways
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Fengying , Yang Yue , Han Yi , Ren Ziyun , Li Xiaoying , Soppe Wim J. J. , Cao Hong , Liu Yongxiu 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYSeed dormancy is an important adaptive trait to prevent germination occurring at an inappropriate time. The mechanisms governing seed dormancy and germination are complex. Here, we report that FACTOR INTERACTING WITH POLY(A) POLYMERASE 1 (FIP1), a component of the pre‐mRNA 3′ end processing machinery, is involved in seed dormancy and germination processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. FIP1 is mainly expressed in seeds and the knockout of FIP1 causes reduced seed dormancy, indicating that FIP1 positively influences seed dormancy. Meanwhile, fip1 mutants are insensitive to exogenous ABA during seed germination and early seedling establishment. The terms ‘seed maturation’ and ‘response to ABA stimulus’ are significantly enriched in a gene ontology analysis based on genes differentially expressed between fip1‐1 and the wild type. Several of these genes, including ABI5, DOG1 and PYL12, show significantly decreased transcript levels in fip1. Genetic analysis showed that either cyp707a2 or dog1‐5 partially, but in combination completely, represses the reduced seed dormancy of fip1, indicating that the double mutant cyp707a2 dog1‐5 is epistatic to fip1. Moreover, FIP1 is required for CFIM59, another component of pre‐mRNA 3′ end processing machinery, to govern seed dormancy and germination. Overall, we identified FIP1 as a regulator of seed dormancy and germination that plays a crucial role in governing these processes through the DOG1 and ABA pathways.
A desert Chlorella sp. that thrives at extreme high‐light intensities using a unique photoinhibition protection mechanism
Authors: Levin Guy , Yasmin Michael , Liveanu Varda , Burstein Carmit , Hanna Rawad , Kleifeld Oded , Simanowitz Marc C. , Meir Ayala , Tadmor Yaakov , Hirschberg Joseph , Adir Noam , Schuster Gadi 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWhile light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. Photoinhibition is one of the key processes that limit photosynthetic productivity. A well‐defined mechanism that protects from photoinhibition has been described. Chlorella ohadii is a green micro‐alga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, which thrives under extreme high light (HL). Here, we show that this alga evolved unique protection mechanisms distinct from those of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or plants. When grown under extreme HL, a drastic reduction in the size of light harvesting antennae occurs, resulting in the presence of core photosystem II, devoid of outer and inner antennas. This is accompanied by a massive accumulation of protective carotenoids and proteins that scavenge harmful radicals. At the same time, several elements central to photoinhibition protection in C. reinhardtii, such as psbS, light harvesting complex stress‐related, photosystem II protein phosphorylation and state transitions are entirely absent or were barely detected. In addition, a carotenoid biosynthesis‐related protein accumulates in the thylakoid membranes of HL cells and may function in sensing HL and protecting the cell from photoinhibition. Taken together, a unique photoinhibition protection mechanism evolved in C. ohadii, enabling the species to thrive under extreme‐light intensities where other photosynthetic organisms fail to survive.
Ventilatory response to peripheral chemoreflex and muscle metaboreflex during static handgrip in healthy humans: evidence of hyperadditive integration
Authors: de Oliveira Diogo Machado , Lopes Thiago Ribeiro , Gomes Felipe Silva , Rashid Anas , Silva Bruno Moreira 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExercise augments the hypoxia‐induced ventilatory response in an exercise intensity‐dependent manner. A mutual influence of hypoxia‐induced peripheral chemoreflex activation and exercise‐induced muscle metaboreflex activation might mediate the augmentation phenomenon. However, the nature of these reflexes' integration (i.e., hyperadditive, additive or hypoadditive) remains unclear, and the coactivation effect on breathing‐related sensations and emotions has not been explored. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of peripheral chemoreflex and muscle metaboreflex coactivation on ventilatory variables and breathing‐related sensations and emotions during exercise. Fourteen healthy adults performed 2‐min isocapnic static handgrip, first with the non‐dominant hand and immediately after with the dominant hand. During the dominant hand exercise, we (a) did not manipulate either reflex (control); (b) activated the peripheral chemoreflex by hypoxia; (c) activated the muscle metaboreflex in the non‐dominant arm by post‐exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO); or (d) coactivated both reflexes by simultaneous hypoxia and PECO use. Ventilation response to coactivation of reflexes (mean ± SD, 13 ± 6 l/min) was greater than the sum of responses to separated activations of reflexes (mean ± SD, 8 ± 8 l/min, P = 0.005). Breathing‐related sensory and emotional responses were similar between coactivation of reflexes and the sum of separate activations of reflexes. Thus, the peripheral chemoreflex and muscle metaboreflex integration during exercise appeared to be hyperadditive with regard to ventilation and additive with regard to breathing‐related sensations and emotions in healthy adults.
Stress Management Strategies in Esports: An Exploratory Online Survey on Applied Practice
Authors: Leis Oliver , Watson Matthew , Swettenham Laura , Pedraza-Ramirez Ismael , Lautenbach Franziska 
Published: April 2023

Given the competitive nature of esports (e.g., maintaining focus and adaptive coping) and the increasing interest from practitioners in addressing stress management issues, empirical evidence on stress management strategies is needed that is tailored to the unique demands of esports. To ensure that ethical and professional standards are being met, it is important to first explore the factors that practitioners perceive to negatively impact the performance of esports players and the stress management strategies that are currently being used to support these players. Therefore, an online survey of 25 practitioners was conducted with results highlighting a variety of factors that were perceived to negatively impact players’ performance such as players’ ability to cope and lack of self-confidence. In addition, stress management strategies used before and after competition most frequently included strategies such as imagery, breathing techniques, and social support. Future research directions, limitations, and practical implications are discussed.
Sensitive photodetection below silicon bandgap using quinoid-capped organic semiconductors
Authors: Li Tengfei , Hu Gangjian , Tao Liting , Jiang Jizhong , Xin Jingming , Li Yawen , Ma Wei , Shen Liang , Fang Yanjun , Lin Yuze 
Published: April 2023

High-sensitivity organic photodetectors (OPDs) with strong near-infrared (NIR) photoresponse have attracted enormous attention due to potential applications in emerging technologies. However, few organic semiconductors have been reported with photoelectric response beyond ~1.1 μm, the detection limit of silicon detectors. Here, we extend the absorption of organic small-molecule semiconductors to below silicon bandgap, and even to 0.77 eV, through introducing the newly designed quinoid-terminals with high Mulliken-electronegativity (5.62 eV). The fabricated photodiode-type NIR OPDs exhibit detectivity (
D
*
) over 10
12
Jones in 0.41 to 1.2 μm under zero bias with a maximum of 2.9 × 10
12
Jones at 1.02 μm, which is the highest
D
*
for reported OPDs in photovoltaic-mode with response spectra beyond 1.1 μm. The high
D
*
in 0.9 to 1.2 μm is comparable to those of commercial InGaAs photodetectors, despite the detection limit of our OPDs is shorter than InGaAs (~1.7 μm). A spectrometer prototype with a wide measurable region (0.4 to 1.25 μm) and NIR imaging under 1.2-μm illumination are demonstrated successfully in OPDs.
Complexities and benefits of adopting next-generation sequencing-based tuberculosis diagnostics: a qualitative study among stakeholders in low and high-income countries
Authors: Grandjean Lapierre Simon , Nouvet Elysée , Boutin Catherine-Audrey , Rabodoarivelo Marie-Sylvianne , Mahboob Omar , Smith Maxwell J , Rakotosamimanana Niaina 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo clarify perceived benefits, barriers and facilitators ofMycobacterium tuberculosisnext-generation sequencing implementation in Madagascar and Canada, towards informing implementation of this diagnostic technology in public health agencies and clinical settings in and beyond these settings.DesignThis qualitative study involved conducting semistructured interviews with key stakeholders engaged with next-generation sequencing implementation in Madagascar and Canada. Team-based descriptive analysis supported by Nvivo V.12.0 was used to identify key themes.SettingThe study was conducted with participants involved at the clinical, diagnostic and surveillance levels of tuberculosis (TB) management from Madagascar and Canada.ParticipantsEighteen participants were interviewed (nine Madagascar and nine Canada) and included individuals purposively sampled based on involvement with TB surveillance, laboratory diagnosis and clinical management.ResultsThe following five themes emerged in the analysis of Malagasy and Canadian interviews: (1) heterogeneity in experience with established TB diagnostics, (2) variable understanding of new sequencing-based diagnostics potential; (3) further evidence as being key to expand adoption; (4) ethical arguments and concerns; (5) operational and system-level considerations.ConclusionThere persists important lack of familiarity with TB next-generation sequencing (TB NGS) applications among stakeholders in Canada and Madagascar. This translates into skepticism on the evidence underlying its use and its true potential value added within global public health systems. If deployed, TB NGS testing should be integrated with clinical and surveillance programmes. Although this is perceived as a priority, leadership and funding responsibilities for this integration to happen remains unclear to clinical, laboratory and public health stakeholders.
Mixed-methods evaluation of point-of-care hepatitis C virus RNA testing in a Scottish prison
Authors: Byrne Christopher J , Malaguti Amy , Inglis Sarah Karen , Dillon John F 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesHepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a global public health threat. Prisons are a focus of prevention efforts due to high infection burdens. Expedition of treatment for incarcerated people is critical, as many are short-term sentenced. We evaluated point-of-care (PoC) HCV RNA testing in a maximum-security Scottish prison and assessed its impact on transition to treatment. We also evaluated costs and determinants of implementation.DesignMixed-methods evaluation of a single-centre care pathway pilot using National Health Service (NHS) data from 2018 to 2021. Descriptive statistics and survival analysis were undertaken. Cost analysis was assessed from a provider perspective. Healthcare staff participated in semistructured interviews and thematic analysis with a deductive approach was undertaken to identify implementation determinants.SettingA large maximum-security Scottish prison health centre administered by the NHS.Participants296 incarcerated NHS patients (all men) and six NHS staff members (two men and four women).InterventionsHCV testing using the Cepheid GeneXpert platform with Xpert HCV VL Fingerstick assay.Outcome measuresThe main outcome was survival (in days) from HCV test to treatment initiation. Secondary outcomes were cost-per-cure obtained and implementation determinants.ResultsDuring the pilot, 167 Xpert tests were administered, with an 84% completion rate, and treatment transition was superior for those who received it (p=0.014). Where PoC tests were administered, shorter survival to treatment was observed (19 vs 33 days: adjusted HR (aHR) 1.91 (1.03–3.55), p=0.040; 19 vs 50 days; aHR 3.76 (1.67–8.46), p=0.001). PoC was costlier than conventional testing. In qualitative analysis, most facilitators were observed among characteristics of individual domain while most barriers were noted in the inner setting.ConclusionsIntegrating PoC HCV RNA diagnosis into nurse-led HCV care in a maximum-security prison health centre shortens survival to HCV treatment. However, there are cost implications to this approach and multiple determinants that impact on implementation should be addressed.
Frequent Overexpression of HER3 in Brain Metastases from Breast and Lung Cancer
Authors: Tomasich Erwin , Steindl Ariane , Paiato Christina , Hatziioannou Teresa , Kleinberger Markus , Berchtold Luzia , Puhr Rainer , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Müllauer Leonhard , Widhalm Georg , Eckert Franziska , Bartsch Rupert , Heller Gerwin , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna Sophie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
HER3 belongs to a family of receptor tyrosine kinases with oncogenic properties and is targeted by a variety of novel anticancer agents. There is a huge unmet medical need for systemic treatment options in patients with brain metastases (BM). Therefore, we aimed to investigate HER3 expression in BM of breast (BCa) and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as the basis for future clinical trial design.

Experimental Design:
We analyzed 180 BM samples of breast cancer or NSCLC and 47 corresponding NSCLC extracranial tissue. IHC was performed to evaluate protein expression of HER3, and immune cells based on CD3, CD8, and CD68. To identify dysregulated pathways based on differential DNA methylation patterns, we used Infinium MethylationEPIC microarrays.

Results:
A total of 99/132 (75.0%) of BCa-BM and 35/48 (72.9%) of NSCLC-BM presented with HER3 expression. Among breast cancer, HER2-positive and HER2-low BM showed significantly higher rates of HER3 coexpression than HER2-negative BM (87.1%/85.7% vs. 61.0%, P = 0.004). Among NSCLC, HER3 was more abundantly expressed in BM than in matched extracranial samples (72.9% vs. 41.3%, P = 0.003). No correlation of HER3 expression and intratumoral immune cell density was observed. HER3 expression did not correlate with overall survival from BM diagnosis. Methylation signatures differed according to HER3 status in BCa-BM samples. Pathway analysis revealed subtype-specific differences, such as TrkB and Wnt signaling pathways dysregulated in HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer BM, respectively.

Conclusions:
HER3 is highly abundant in BM of breast cancer and NSCLC. Given the promising results of antibody–drug conjugates in extracranial disease, BM-specific trials that target HER3 are warranted.
See related commentary by Kabraji and Lin, p. 2961