bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of Offshore Internal Boundary Layers
Authors: Krishnamurthy R. , Fernando H. J. S. , Alappattu D. , Creegan E. , Wang Q. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe growth of the marine internal boundary layer (MIBL, height hi) with the shore‐normal distance x, is a topic of continuing interest because of its applications in coastal pollution dispersion, offshore wind farm siting, coastal air‐sea fluxes and in evaporative ducting. Available data on MIBL are scarce, given the difficulty of measuring the variability of coastal winds. During the Coupled Air‐Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Research campaigns, an array of instrumentation was deployed to measure offshore spatial variability and its effect on electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation. Meteorological sensors (flux towers and remote sensing) deployed along the coast of Point Mugu, California, on a research vessel and FLoating Instrument Platform provided surface layer and boundary layer observations. Measurements from multiple remote sensors such as synchronized triple Doppler lidars, small boat operations with tethered lifting system, and radiosondes provided a holistic view of the MIBL growth and its spatial variability in coastal areas. Convective and stable MIBL observed during two intensive operating period days showed distinct growth characteristics off the coast of Point‐Mugu. During stable stratified atmospheric conditions, an MIBL was observed to develop least as far as 47 km from the coast. The growth of MIBL within the nearshore adjustment zone was influenced by surrounding atmospheric, oceanographic, and topographic conditions. A parameterization scheme is developed based on advection‐diffusion balance equations, accounting for upstream turbulence, and compared with hi observations from a Doppler lidar and profiles taken from a small boat. An evaluation of existing IBL theories is also conducted.
Mid–Miocene Palaeofire and Its Complex Relationship With Vegetation Changes in the Wushan Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China: Evidence From a High–Resolution Charcoal Record
Authors: Zhou Xuewen , Hui Zhengchuang , Vachula Richard S. , Wei Xiao , Chen Peng , Zhang Jun , Wang Xiuxi , Peng Tingjiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFire plays an important role in the Earth system, and is considered an essential control on global vegetation evolution and climate change. However, few Miocene high–resolution fire records have been obtained with which to assess the controls and possible drivers of fire on multiple timescales. Here, we provide a high–resolution charcoal record of the Nanyu section to reconstruct mid–Miocene fire history in the Wushan Basin. Further, we identify and assess the long–term regional fire regime (frequency and intensity) controls and possible drivers by making comparisons with published paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental records (i.e., palynomorphs, magnetic susceptibility, redness, stable isotope, pCO2 and marine δ18O data etc.). We also performed spectral analysis of the charcoal records to investigate possible controls of fire activity on orbital time scales. The analysis results indicate that (a) the reconstructed fire regime exhibits an increase from ∼16 to 13.86 Ma and a significant decrease after ∼13.86 Ma. (b) The steadily increasing regional fire activity during the period of ∼16–13.86 Ma may be caused by increased fuel ignitability and drying climate, whereas significantly decreased fire activity after ∼13.86 Ma is likely attributed to decreased fuel load due to the Mi–3b global cooling event. (c) On orbital time scales, the finding of the Earth's orbital cycles in fire proxy indicates that mid–Miocene fire activity variability in the study area was likely related to Earth's orbital forcing.
An Economic Model of Spatial and Temporal Water Trade in the Australian Southern Murray‐Darling Basin
Authors: Hughes Neal , Gupta Mihir , Whittle Linden , Westwood Tim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin the Australian southern Murray‐Darling Basin (sMDB) water markets have become a key institutional response to water scarcity and environmental problems. These markets facilitate trading of water among many users and across multiple connected regions. Increasingly, these markets also support intertemporal transfers via the carryover of user water allocations within public water storages. While trading can improve the spatial allocation of water, carryover can improve the temporal allocation by ensuring storage reserves reflect prevailing user preferences. This paper presents an economic model of water markets and irrigated agriculture in the sMDB. A reduced‐form statistical model of water demand is estimated using historical irrigation and water market data. This statistical model is placed within an economic partial‐equilibrium framework accounting for both interregional trade and interyear carryover. The model is solved numerically for a dynamic market equilibrium given assumptions over future stochastic water supplies. Out‐of‐sample tests show the model can realistically simulate water market prices and irrigation activity across the basin. The model is applied to estimate the economic benefits of interregional water trading and interyear carryover. Results show around a third of the economic benefits of water markets in the region can be attributed to interyear carryover.
Chorus Wave Properties From Van Allen Probes: Quantifying the Impact of the Sheath Corrected Electric Field
Authors: Hartley D. P. , Christopher I. W. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Santolik O. , Kolmasova I. , Argall M. R. , Ahmadi N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA sheath impedance model has recently been developed to describe how the variable coupling impedance between the Van Allen Probes instrumentation and the ambient plasma affects both the amplitude and phase of electric field wave measurements. Here, the impact of this sheath correction on measured chorus wave properties, including electric field wave power and the Poynting vector, is directly quantified. It is found that the sheath‐corrected electric field wave power is typically between two and nine times larger than the uncorrected measurement, depending on wave frequency. The sheath correction typically increases the Poynting flux by a factor of ∼2, and causes the polar angle of the Poynting vector to switch hemisphere from parallel to anti‐parallel propagation in ∼2% of cases. The uncorrected data exhibit significant deviations from the theoretically predicted relationship between the wave vector and the Poynting vector whereas this relationship is well‐reproduced with the sheath‐corrected observations.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal neuroanatomical profiles of distinct clinical (adaptive) outcomes in autism
Authors: Pretzsch Charlotte M. , Floris Dorothea L. , Schäfer Tim , Bletsch Anke , Gurr Caroline , Lombardo Michael V. , Chatham Chris H. , Tillmann Julian , Charman Tony , Arenella Martina , Jones Emily , Ambrosino Sara , Bourgeron Thomas , Dumas Guillaume , Cliquet Freddy , Leblond Claire S. , Loth Eva , Oakley Bethany , Buitelaar Jan K. , Baron-Cohen Simon , Beckmann Christian F. , Persico Antonio M. , Banaschewski Tobias , Durston Sarah , Freitag Christine M. ,   EU-AIMS/AIMS-2-TRIALS Consortium, Murphy Declan G. M. , Murphy Declan G. M. , Ecker Christine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth referred to as autism) display significant variation in clinical outcome. For instance, across age, some individuals’ adaptive skills naturally improve or remain stable, while others’ decrease. To pave the way for ‘precision-medicine’ approaches, it is crucial to identify the cross-sectional and, given the developmental nature of autism, longitudinal neurobiological (including neuroanatomical and linked genetic) correlates of this variation. We conducted a longitudinal follow-up study of 333 individuals (161 autistic and 172 neurotypical individuals, aged 6–30 years), with two assessment time points separated by ~12–24 months. We collected behavioural (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale-II, VABS-II) and neuroanatomical (structural magnetic resonance imaging) data. Autistic participants were grouped into clinically meaningful “Increasers”, “No-changers”, and “Decreasers” in adaptive behaviour (based on VABS-II scores). We compared each clinical subgroup’s neuroanatomy (surface area and cortical thickness at T1, ∆T (intra-individual change) and T2) to that of the neurotypicals. Next, we explored the neuroanatomical differences’ potential genomic associates using the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Clinical subgroups had distinct neuroanatomical profiles in surface area and cortical thickness at baseline, neuroanatomical development, and follow-up. These profiles were enriched for genes previously associated with autism and for genes previously linked to neurobiological pathways implicated in autism (e.g. excitation-inhibition systems). Our findings suggest that distinct clinical outcomes (i.e. intra-individual change in clinical profiles) linked to autism core symptoms are associated with atypical cross-sectional and longitudinal, i.e. developmental, neurobiological profiles. If validated, our findings may advance the development of interventions, e.g. targeting mechanisms linked to relatively poorer outcomes.
Probing two-qubit capacitive interactions beyond bilinear regime using dual Hamiltonian parameter estimations
Authors: Yun Jonginn , Park Jaemin , Jang Hyeongyu , Kim Jehyun , Jang Wonjin , Song Younguk , Cho Min-Kyun , Sohn Hanseo , Jung Hwanchul , Umansky Vladimir , Kim Dohun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report the simultaneous operation and two-qubit-coupling measurement of a pair of two-electron spin qubits, actively decoupled from quasi-static nuclear noise in a GaAs quadruple quantum dot array. Coherent Rabi oscillations of both qubits (decay time ≈2 μs; frequency few MHz) are achieved by continuously tuning their drive frequency using rapidly converging real-time Hamiltonian estimators. We observe strong two-qubit capacitive interaction (>190 MHz), combined with detuning pulses, inducing a state-conditional frequency shift. The two-qubit capacitive interaction is beyond the bilinear regime, consistent with recent theoretical predictions. We observe a high ratio (>16) between coherence and conditional phase-flip time, which supports the possibility of generating high-fidelity and fast quantum entanglement between encoded spin qubits using a simple capacitive interaction.
Design and application of self-healable polymeric films and coatings for smart food packaging
Authors: Lai Wing-Fu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSmart packaging materials enable active control of parameters that potentially influence the quality of a packaged food product. One type of these that have attracted extensive interest is self-healable films and coatings, which show the elegant, autonomous crack repairing ability upon the presence of appropriate stimuli. They exhibit increased durability and effectively lengthen the usage lifespan of the package. Over the years, extensive efforts have been paid to the design and development of polymeric materials that show self-healing properties; however, till now most of the discussions focus on the design of self-healable hydrogels. Efforts devoted to delineating related advances in the context of polymeric films and coatings are scant, not to mention works reviewing the use of self-healable polymeric materials for smart food packaging. This article fills this gap by offering a review of not only the major strategies for fabrication of self-healable polymeric films and coatings but also the mechanisms of the self-healing process. It is hoped that this article cannot only provide a snapshot of the recent development of self-healable food packaging materials, but insights into the optimization and design of new polymeric films and coatings with self-healing properties can also be gained for future research.
Structural basis for GSDMB pore formation and its targeting by IpaH7.8
Authors: Wang Chengliang , Shivcharan Sonia , Tian Tian , Wright Skylar , Ma Danyang , Chang JengYih , Li Kunpeng , Song Kangkang , Xu Chen , Rathinam Vijay A. , Ruan Jianbin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGasdermins (GSDMs) are pore-forming proteins that play critical roles in host defence through pyroptosis1,2. Among GSDMs, GSDMB is unique owing to its distinct lipid-binding profile and a lack of consensus on its pyroptotic potential3–7. Recently, GSDMB was shown to exhibit direct bactericidal activity through its pore-forming activity4. Shigella, an intracellular, human-adapted enteropathogen, evades this GSDMB-mediated host defence by secreting IpaH7.8, a virulence effector that triggers ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of GSDMB4. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of human GSDMB in complex with Shigella IpaH7.8 and the GSDMB pore. The structure of the GSDMB–IpaH7.8 complex identifies a motif of three negatively charged residues in GSDMB as the structural determinant recognized by IpaH7.8. Human, but not mouse, GSDMD contains this conserved motif, explaining the species specificity of IpaH7.8. The GSDMB pore structure shows the alternative splicing-regulated interdomain linker in GSDMB as a regulator of GSDMB pore formation. GSDMB isoforms with a canonical interdomain linker exhibit normal pyroptotic activity whereas other isoforms exhibit attenuated or no pyroptotic activity. Overall, this work sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of Shigella IpaH7.8 recognition and targeting of GSDMs and shows a structural determinant in GSDMB critical for its pyroptotic activity.
Raman spectroscopy combined with a support vector machine algorithm as a diagnostic technique for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Wu Xue , Chen Chen , Luo Cainan , Shi Yamei , Li Zhengfang , Lv Xiaoyi , Chen Cheng , Su Jinmei , Wu Lijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy combined with computer algorithms in the diagnosis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). In this study, Raman spectra of 60 serum samples were acquired from 30 patients with pSS and 30 healthy controls (HCs). The means and standard deviations of the raw spectra of patients with pSS and HCs were calculated. Spectral features were assigned based on the literature. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the spectral features. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-support vector machine (SVM) was selected as the method of parameter optimization to rapidly classify patients with pSS and HCs. In this study, the SVM algorithm was used as the classification model, and the radial basis kernel function was selected as the kernel function. In addition, the PSO algorithm was used to establish a model for the parameter optimization method. The training set and test set were randomly divided at a ratio of 7:3. After PCA dimension reduction, the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the PSO-SVM model were obtained, and the results were 88.89%, 100% and 94.44%, respectively. This study showed that the combination of Raman spectroscopy and a support vector machine algorithm could be used as an effective pSS diagnosis method with broad application value.
Reduction of BSI associated mortality after a sepsis project implementation in the ER of a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Seminari Elena , Colaneri Marta , Corbella Marta , De Silvestri Annalisa , Muzzi Alba , Perlini Stefano , Martino Ilaria Francesca , Marvulli Lea Nadia , Arcuri Alessia , Maffezzoni Marcello , Minucci Rita , Bono Enrica , Cambieri Patrizia , Marone Piero , Bruno Raffaele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe emergency room (ER) is the first gateway for patients with sepsis to inpatient units, and identifying best practices and benchmarks to be applied in this setting might crucially result in better patient’s outcomes. In this study, we want to evaluate the results in terms of decreased the in-hospital mortality of patients with sepsis of a Sepsis Project developed in the ER. All patients admitted to the ER of our Hospital from the 1st January, 2016 to the 31stJuly 2019 with suspect of sepsis (MEWS score ≥ of 3) and positive blood culture upon ER admission were included in this retrospective observational study. The study comprises of two periods: Period A: From the 1st Jan 2016 to the 31st Dec 2017, before the implementation of the Sepsis project. Period B: From the 1st Jan 2018 to the 31stJul 2019, after the implementation of the Sepsis project. To analyze the difference in mortality between the two periods, a univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used. The risk of in-hospital mortality was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Overall, 722 patients admitted in ER had positive BC on admissions, 408 in period A and 314 in period B. In-hospital mortality was 18.9% in period A and 12.7% in period B (p = 0.03). At multivariable analysis, mortality was still reduced in period B compared to period A (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41–0.98; p = 0.045). Having an infection due to GP bacteria or polymicrobial was associated with an increased risk of death, as it was having a neoplasm or diabetes. A marked reduction in in-hospital mortality of patients with documented BSI associated with signs or symptoms of sepsis after the implementation of a sepsis project based on the application of sepsis bundles in the ER.
Multivariate indicators of disease severity in COVID-19
Authors: Bean Joe , Kuri-Cervantes Leticia , Pennella Michael , Betts Michael R. , Meyer Nuala J. , Hassan Wail M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe novel coronavirus pandemic continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Diverse clinical presentations prompted numerous attempts to predict disease severity to improve care and patient outcomes. Equally important is understanding the mechanisms underlying such divergent disease outcomes. Multivariate modeling was used here to define the most distinctive features that separate COVID-19 from healthy controls and severe from moderate disease. Using discriminant analysis and binary logistic regression models we could distinguish between severe disease, moderate disease, and control with rates of correct classifications ranging from 71 to 100%. The distinction of severe and moderate disease was most reliant on the depletion of natural killer cells and activated class-switched memory B cells, increased frequency of neutrophils, and decreased expression of the activation marker HLA-DR on monocytes in patients with severe disease. An increased frequency of activated class-switched memory B cells and activated neutrophils was seen in moderate compared to severe disease and control. Our results suggest that natural killer cells, activated class-switched memory B cells, and activated neutrophils are important for protection against severe disease. We show that binary logistic regression was superior to discriminant analysis by attaining higher rates of correct classification based on immune profiles. We discuss the utility of these multivariate techniques in biomedical sciences, contrast their mathematical basis and limitations, and propose strategies to overcome such limitations.
Efficacy of elotuzumab for multiple myeloma in reference to lymphocyte counts and kappa/lambda ratio or B2 microglobulin
Authors: Shimazu Yutaka , Kanda Junya , Kosugi Satoru , Ito Tomoki , Kaneko Hitomi , Imada Kazunori , Shimura Yuji , Fuchida Shin-ichi , Fukushima Kentaro , Tanaka Hirokazu , Yoshihara Satoshi , Ohta Kensuke , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Yagi Hideo , Shibayama Hirohiko , Yamamura Ryosuke , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Uchiyama Hitoji , Onda Yoshiyuki , Adachi Yoko , Hanamoto Hitoshi , Takahashi Ryoichi , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Miyoshi Takashi , Takakuwa Teruhito , Hino Masayuki , Hosen Naoki , Nomura Shosaku , Shimazaki Chihiro , Matsumura Itaru , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Kuroda Junya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNovel therapeutic drugs have dramatically improved the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma. We sought to identify the characteristics of patients likely to exhibit a durable response to one such drug, elotuzumab, by analyzing a real-world database in Japan. We analyzed 179 patients who underwent 201 elotuzumab treatments. The median time to next treatment (TTNT) with the 95% confidence interval was 6.29 months (5.18–9.20) in this cohort. Univariate analysis showed that patients with any of the following had longer TTNT: no high risk cytogenic abnormalities, more white blood cells, more lymphocytes, non-deviated κ/λ ratio, lower β2 microglobulin levels (B2MG), fewer prior drug regimens, no prior daratumumab use and better response after elotuzumab treatment. A multivariate analysis showed that TTNT was longer in patients with more lymphocytes (≥ 1400/μL), non-deviated κ/λ ratio (0.1–10), lower B2MG (< 5.5 mg/L) and no prior daratumumab use. We proposed a simple scoring system to predict the durability of the elotuzumab treatment effect by classifying the patients into three categories based on their lymphocyte counts (0 points for ≥ 1400/μL and 1 point for < 1400/μL) and κ/λ ratio (0 points for 0.1–10 and 1 point for < 0.1 or ≥ 10) or B2MG (0 points for < 5.5 mg/L and 1 point for ≥ 5.5 mg/L). The patients with a score of 0 showed significantly longer TTNT (p < 0.001) and better survival (p < 0.001) compared to those with a score of 1 or 2. Prospective cohort studies of elotuzumab treatment may be needed to validate the usefulness of our new scoring system.