bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fluoride on Oral Health Status Among General Population Residing in High- and Low-Level Fluoride Blocks in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gousalya V , Prabu D , Mohan M Raj , Dhamodhar Dinesh , Bharathwaj VV , Sindhu R , Sathiyapriya S 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride levels in groundwater and their effect on oral health status among the general population of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years. A total of 540 subjects participated in the study. High fluoride blocks of Erode district were selected based on the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, 2010, and the low fluoride were taken from the Groundwater Year Book (GWYB) of Tamil Nadu and UT of Puducherry, 2018. The Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 (adult and children) of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to assess dental caries and enamel fluorosis. Clinical examination was performed using a mouth mirror and explorer under natural illumination by a single examiner. Data obtained were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. A Chi-squared test was employed to analyze the difference between the high and low fluoride blocks. A P value of 0.05 was set to be statistically significant.

Results:
The current study had a contrary finding with the CGWB on water quality analysis of fluoride levels in drinking water for high fluoride block, Ammapet (1.12 ppm) and Anthiyur (1.08 ppm). The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in high fluoride block Ammapet was 44.4% and Anthiyur was 54.8%. The prevalence of dental caries in high fluoride block Ammapet was 45.9% and in Anthiyur was 43%. The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 27.4% and in Gobichettipalayam was 28.2%. The prevalence of dental caries in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 61.5%, and in Gobichettipalayam was 54.8%.

Conclusion:
This study’s contradictory finding emphasizes the importance of drinking water; sanitation staff should monitor and report water fluoridation data on a monthly basis in accordance with the Water Fluoridation Reporting System, and CGWB should plan and organize a team for the upgradation of water quality in India. The National Program for Prevention and Control of Dental Diseases should look on to the endemic areas for the prevention of dental fluorosis, which should be assessed, implemented, and monitored by the public health dentist who should be recruited as oral health program officers in both central and state governments.
Knowledge about Emergency Management of Orofacial Injuries among School Teachers at Alkharj Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit M. , Almoteb Moaz M. , Alshehri Ahmed M. , Alshehri Ali A. , Alalyani Saud S. , Alqahtani Husam D. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children suffer from orofacial injuries during sport activities in schools. School teacher’s knowledge about managing emergency during orofacial injuries will help in treatment prognosis.

Aim:
To assess and compare school teacher’s knowledge about management of orofacial injuries at alkharj Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
Cross-sectional study was planned among school teacher working in various schools at alkharj. Questionnaire consisted of Demographic details such as age and year of experience and knowledge-related questions about management of orofacial injuries. Questionnaire was distributed and collected on the same day.

Results:
All participants were aware that sport activities results in injuries to head, orofacial structures, or teeth. 15.6% participants have undergone training. 84.4% of study participants have told they don’t know to manage avulsed tooth. 92.8% of study participants are interested to get training on orofacial injury management.

Conclusion:
Knowledge of school teachers about management of orofacial injury is insufficient. Teachers are primary level of contact in schools during sports injuries, measures should be taken to improve their knowledge about orofacial injuries.
Prevalence of Impacted Teeth and Pattern of Third Molar Impaction among Kerala Population a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Salam Sajjad , Bary Ashitha , Sayed Aatif 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
When a tooth does not erupt to the normal functional position, the tooth is said to be impacted. Impaction can be partial or complete which has many problems associated with it and adjacent tooth.

Aim:
To assess the prevalence of impaction and pattern of mandibular impaction among adults in Ernakulum district, Kerala.

Methodology:
Retrospective data were analyzed using panoramic radiographs of 1,500 subjects were correlated with demographic details age and gender. Two independent investigators carried out the research independently. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:
The prevalence of teeth impaction was 22.0%. A total of 330 subjects presented with at least one impacted tooth. Mandibular third molars were the most commonly impacted tooth (17.46%). The mesioangular orientation was the most common pattern. There was no gender difference in prevalence of impaction (P >.05).

Conclusion:
Twenty two percent among Kerala population. The mandibular wisdom teeth were the most commonly impacted teeth. Mesioangular orientation was the most common pattern. No association was found between impacted teeth as per gender.
Clinical Effects of Subgingivally Delivered Achyranthes Aspera Gel in Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Soorgani Neeharika R. , Khashu Himanshu , Agrawal Richa , Ninan Reny K. , Peter Sonu , Mukka Nilesh 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial origin. Local drug delivery agents help reduce subgingival microflora. Achyranthes aspera is a medicinal herb with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties.

Materials and Methods:
A split-mouth study was conducted, in which 60 sites were included. Clinical parameters included measurements of probing depth (PD), gingival index, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected, followed by microbiological analysis of Porphyromonas Gingivalis. Clinical and microbiological parameters were recorded at baseline and after 3 months. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS Version 22; Chicago Inc., USA).

Result:
At 3 months, Group A resulted in greater mean reductions in clinical parameters: PD (3.77) as compared to Group B (5.23), and also greater mean CAL gain (3.18) in group A as compared to Group B (5.16). Group A also showed a significant reduction in the number of sites harboring periodontopathogens as compared to Group B.

Conclusion:
A. aspera gel can be used as a nonsurgical local drug delivery agent in patients with chronic periodontitis as an effective adjunct to SRP.
A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study on Assessment of Depression in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Alatawi Fahad O. , Albalawi Yazid M. , Alzahrani Nawaf A. , Albalawi Khaled A. , Alraman Turki O. , Albalawi Muteb S. , Prabahar Kousalya , Alsharif Mohammed O. , Alatawi Abdurahman , AlKarni Khaled 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the primary cause of mortality in Saudi Arabia and it is one of the major health concerns in the country. Depression can complicate, halt or even exacerbate the process of managing CVDs, making it harder to optimize the patient’s condition. The main aim of this study is to assess the depression in cardiac patients.

Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 257 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases. The study was conducted in two governmental hospitals in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, from December 2021 to April 2022. Depression was assessed using the Arabic version of the CESD-R questionnaire.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 44.49 ± 12.99 years. Majority of patients were in the age group of 40-49 years (n = 92, 35.8%). More than half (53.3%) of the samples were female. The prevalence of depression among cardiac patients was 53.3%.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of depression was high among cardiac patients. It is strongly advised that routine examination and management of depression in cardiac patients be included in their regimens.
A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Various Obturating Techniques for the Presence of Voids
Authors: Khan Rehan Ahmad , Singh Shailja , Siddiqui Shazia , Khan Mariyam , Ahmad Arfat , Shakarwal Parul 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Evaluation of the efficacy of different obturating techniques and assessment of the presence of voids in different regions of the canal.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty permanent single-rooted teeth with complete, mature root apices without any anatomic variation having straight patent root canals were included in the present study. Access cavity preparation followed by biomechanical preparation was done. Samples were divided into three groups—Group A: Single cone obturation, Group B: GuttaFlow 2, and Group C: GuttaCore, and obturation was carried out. The samples after obturation were stored at 370°C and 100% humidity in an incubator for 7 days to give adequate time for obturating materials to set. Cone beam computed tomography was performed with i-cat Cb 500 machine. The voids were checked on the root canal wall. The statistical analysis was done and the data after the statistical analysis was presented.

Result:
GuttaCore obturators presented a lesser volume of voids followed by GuttaFlow 2 than the single cone techniques.

Conclusion:
All the obturation techniques presented an inadequacy of obturation when the pre- and post-obturated volume of the root canal space was calculated. However, no statistically significant obturated volume differences were found between single cone and GuttaFlow 2 or between GuttaFlow 2 and GuttaCore system.
Barriers in Dental Care Utilization-An Explorative Study among Transgender Community of Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Brahma Priyanka , Jena Samikshya , Mohapatra Ipsa , Sethi Alok Kumar , Tripathi Ranjan M. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Transgenders (TGs) are one of the vulnerable groups in our society. Trans people experience substantial health disparities and barriers to appropriate health care services that keep them from achieving the highest possible health status.

Methodology:
The study was conducted over the course of 12 months at the Transgender Shelter Home. Focus group discussion (FGD) took place with 6–12 participants and the researcher acted as moderator. The questions were asked under four domains; sociodemographic variables, behavioral variables, medical and health status variables, and access and utilization of dental services barrier variables. Transcripts were coded and data analysis was concurrent with data collection to allow to know new insights. The data analysis was done by MAXQDA software 2022.0.0. It is being developed and distributed by VERBI Software based in Berlin, Germany.

Results:
The barriers and facilitators explored were categorized at three levels: (1) the personal level, relating to those barriers and facilitators that the individual faced for their oral health care, and the perspectives regarding the delivery of care; (2) the inter-personal level; and (3) the system level, for identifying the wider elements and their influence.

Discussion:
Social stigma and marginalization have been linked to adverse health effects, including personal attributes, structural and environmental factors, and personal perceptions of stigmatization.

Conclusion:
It is evident that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities have specific but varied health care needs, and the greatest way to treat these necessities is via exposure to professional, health care coverage.
Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of Maxillary Labial Frenectomy Procedure Using Diode Laser (980 nm) and Conventional Scalpel: An Observational Study
Authors: Vincent Kiran , Aslam Sachin , Abida Roshni , Thomas Tom , Cherian Mathew Pynummoottil , Soman Sooraj 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This is an era of minimally invasive and least traumatic surgical interventions being focused on. The traditional scalpel frenectomy technique offers an increase in post-operative sequelae. To unravel this scenario a comparative evaluation is carried out to find out the clinical outcomes and quality of life after maxillary labial frenectomy using a conventional scalpel and diode laser frenectomy of 980 nm.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six subjects age ranging between 18 and 45 years reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna with an aberrant frenal attachment of maxillary labial frenum were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A underwent the conventional scalpel technique and group B for the diode laser-assisted (980 nm) frenectomy technique. The post-operative parameters of ooze from the surgical site, pain, wound healing, and discomfort or acceptance of the procedure were assessed on day 1, day 7, and day 14, respectively.

Results:
The diode laser group exhibited statistically significant clinical and healing outcomes. Less pain, minimal or absent ooze, increased healing, and better acceptance of the procedure with diode laser at 1, 7, and 14 days recall visit.

Conclusion:
Surgical interventions involving needle puncture and the associated post-operative sequelae are the most dreaded experiences that make patients indifferent toward surgical treatments. Thus in terms of better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life diode laser frenectomy is an excellent alternative wherein a needleless anesthetic success followed by minimal surgical intervention and less post-operative sequelae with fast recovery is possible.
Avascular Necrosis of the Hip after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sinha Priti R. , Mallick Nitin , Sahu Ramjee L. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
It is clear that COVID-19 can have a wide range of effects on the body, and the musculoskeletal system is no exception. Studies are ongoing to better understand how the virus may impact the hip bone and joint tissue. However, it is known that COVID-19 can cause inflammation and damage to various parts of the body, including the bones and joints, which could lead to pain, stiffness, and other symptoms.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis is done with ten patients admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 and later complained of hip pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the patients, and it was found that they had degenerative changes characterized by avascular necrosis (AVN) of the head of the femur. One of the patients had a history of previous surgery on the femur with a plate and screws and was doing well but developed AVN after contracting COVID-19.

Results:
Observation among these groups shows a strong association between the history of COVID-19, high levels of IgG antibodies, the presence of joint abnormalities, and moderately severe symptoms. There is no evidence of identifying autoimmune, degenerative, or AVN diseases. This set of patients responded positively to supportive therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs used in empirical treatment, which subsided joint pain and acute inflammatory symptoms.

Conclusions:
It has been determined that there are significant musculoskeletal complications in COVID-19 patients, including AVN, which may be caused by the high use of steroids and microembolism leading to bone necrosis. Therefore, further studies and long-term follow-up are recommended.
Serum and Saliva LDH Levels in Patients with Habit, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs), and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Spectrophotometry Study
Authors: Shah Farnaz Yasmin , Shetty Devi Charan , Kaur Geetpriya , Gupta Sushma , Pathak Aparna , Aggarwal Vasundhara 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are chronic lesions or conditions characterized by a potential for malignant transformation. One of the hallmarks of cancer is aerobic glycolysis which confers immortality to cancer cells, correlates with the belligerent behavior of various malignancies, and shows an increase in the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The present study was conducted to measure and compare serum and salivary LDH levels in patients with habit, OPMDs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and to evaluate if LDH levels can be used as a biomarker in the progression into potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), the prognosis of OSCC, and to assess if saliva is a better biomarker.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients of both genders were divided into three groups. Group I had patients with habits, group II had OPMDs, and group III had OSCC with 10 subjects from each group. Saliva and serum of patients were collected according to the standard protocol and measured for LDH using spectrophotometry of 340 nm.

Results:
Group I had patients with habits, group II had OPMDs, and group III had OSCC. Group I had 6 males and 4 females, group II had 8 males and 2 females, and group III had 7 males and 3 females. The mean serum LDH level in group I was 265.50, in group II was 194.10, and in group III was 224.22. The difference was non-significant (P > 0.05). The mean salivary LDH level in group I was 345.68, in group II was 532.72, and in group III was 1.105. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Salivary LDH is a non-invasive, cost-effective technique, which can be used as an effective modality for the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer as well as for monitoring tobacco users and OPMDs.
Intrabony defect management with a bone graft (hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate) alone and in combination with a diode laser: A randomized control trial
Authors: Vinaya K. C. , Awinashe Vaibhav , Patil Dipak Baliram , Babaji Prashant , Mahabob Nazargi , Shetty B Kaushik , Parihar Anuj Singh 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The current research was conducted to evaluate the use of a diode laser and a bone graft (hydroxyapatite [HA] + β-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP]) in healing of intrabony defects

Materials and Methods:
In this split-mouth evaluation, 40 patients with bilateral intrabony defects were treated with, Group I (control) - bone graft alone (HA + β-TCP) and Group II, (test) - bone graft with a diode laser. The clinical and radiologic parameters of all patients, such as plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), gingival recession (GR), and relative clinical attachment level (RCAL) were recorded at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months.

Results:
Reductions in PI, PD, GI, GR, and RCAL were found after 6 months. Furthermore, significant differences were displayed in the intra-group comparison while those of the inter-group evaluation (P > 0.05) were insignificant.

Conclusion:
In both groups, considerable decrease in intrabony pockets was discovered; however, the inter-group comparison was insignificant in relation to GR and RCAL.
Level of Scientific Evidence Underlying Recommendations Arising from the Functional Urology Guidelines
Authors: Movalled Kobra , Zavvar Morteza , Zafardoust Hooman , Salehi-Pourmehr Hanieh , Arlandis Salvador , Ghavidel-Sardsahra Amirhossein , Hajebrahimi Sakineh 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to review the functional urology guidelines, relate the level of evidence (LOE) of their recommendations and highlight the discrepancies between the LOE and grade of recommendation.

Materials and Methods:
The electronic search was conducted in May 2019 and updated in February 2021. Three researchers separately reviewed the extracted guidelines based on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. We extracted recommendations from each guideline and ranked them into three Grades of A, B, and C; and their evidence into four levels of I to IV.

Results:
Among the published functional urology guidelines, 18 guidelines were published between 2014 and 2020. Overall, 592 recommendations were abstracted. Of these, 121 recommendations were related to evaluation or diagnosis, and the others (n = 471) on the disease management. These recommendations were in the field of urinary incontinence (UI) (n = 216), overactive bladder (OAB) (n = 172), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (n = 126), and neurogenic bladder (NGB) (n = 78). Subgroup analysis showed that most of the recommendations in relation to UI were Grade A (n = 111; 51.4%), and one-third were Grade C (n = 83; 38.4%). The remaining 22 recommendations were Grade B (10.2%). In OAB, most of the recommendations were Grade B (n = 67, 39.0%), 55 of them were Grade A (32.0%) and the rest were Grade C (n = 50, 29.1%). Among UI guidelines, 51 (45.9%) Grade A recommendations were supported by LOE I evidence, and 39 (47.0%) Grade C recommendations were supported by LOE IV evidence. Across OAB guidelines, 43 (78.2%) Grade A recommendations were supported by LOE I evidence, and 20 (40.0%) Grade C recommendations were supported by LOE IV evidence. Across LUTS guidelines, 34 (61.8%) Grade A recommendations were supported by LOE I evidence, and 14 (23.3%) Grade C recommendations were supported by LOE IV evidence. Among NGB guidelines, 21 Grade A recommendations were supported by LOE I evidence, and 9 Grade C recommendations were supported by LOE IV evidence.

Conclusion:
Most of the recommendations in the field of functional urology are not based on the systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and high quality RCTs; which indicates that more attention is still needed in making decisions based on the certainty and grade of recommendations.