bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pectin Extraction From Orange Peel With Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method as an Alternative Material in Polymer Injection
Authors: Afdhol M K , Setiawan C , Erfando T , Adam F , Saputra I D , Perdana R H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The problems of degradation on oil production can be solved by chemical EOR (Enchanced Oil Recovery) methods, polymer injection is the one kind of chemical EOR methods. When the polymer fluids injected in to reservoir then it will be increase the oil sweep efficiency and fixed the mobility ratio of the injected fluids. The sample that will be tested in this experiments is biopolymer. Besides the xanthan gum that extracted by using bacterial, in side the plant contained a compound as know as paectin, it is a derived from the polysaccharide. So far the pectin was extracted and has been used in food industrial as a thickening agent and gelling agent, so in this experiments will be doing the pectin extraction and then do the analysis step that prospected as an alternative material in polymer injection method. The extraction method that used in this experiments is by using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method from oranges peel waste. The purpose of this experiments is to knowing the pectin properness as a thickening agent as an alternative alternatife biopolymer material. The results of the FTIR test showed that there is compatibility of the function groups that formed the pection compounds.
Reducing the Ash Content of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) Wood Pellets through Debarking and Mixing with Acacia (Acacia mangium) and Pines (Pinus merkusii) Wood
Authors: Gunawan I , Muharyani N , Hendrasetiafitri C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The use of renewable energy from wood biomass which is processed in the form of wood pellet are environmentally friendly, sustainable and also to reduce greenhouse effect and environmental pollution. The main problem in the quality of a wood pellet from Gliricidia and Calliandra is the ash content (1%) has not fulfilled the Europe quality standard requirement A1-EN14961 (ash content ≤ 0.7%) yet fulfills the A2-EN14961 quality standard. The effort to lower the ash content is by debarking and mixing with other wood variety to increase the quality of Gliricidia and Calliandra wood pellet quality in the international market. The aim of this research is to discover the effect of debarking and mixing of Gliricidia and Calliandra with pine and acacia wood toward the quality of wood pellet, especially the ash content. The result shows ash content for pine wood pellet and acacia wood pellet consecutively 0.36% and 0.71% have fulfilled the Europe quality standard EN 14961 (max. 0.7%) and have the potency to be the mixer raw material for Gliricidia (ash content 1.19%) and Calliandra (ash content 1.05%). Debarking method can lower the ash content of Gliricidia and Calliandra wood pellet consecutively 36.1% (from 1.19% to 0.76%) and 18.1% (from 1.05% to 0.86%) and almost fulfill the A1 Europe quality standard (EN 14961 max 0.7%). Wood mixing Gliricidia-Calliandra-Pine (1:1:1) ash content is 0.89% with 20.5% decreasing rate, almost fulfill the A1 Europe quality standard (EN 14961 max 0.7%). Wood mixing Gliricidia-Calliandra-Acacia (1:1:1) ash content is 1.17% with 2.7% decreasing rate. Method combination by mixing pine wood, debarking of gliricidia and calliandra have the potency to generate wood pellet with ash content suitable with the A1 Europe standard EN 14961 max 0.7% [1].
The Energy Yield of The Torrefied Coconut Shells
Authors: Espina R U , Barroca R B , Abundo M L S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Woody and herbaceous biomasses have been utilized as biomass energy plant feedstocks that generate electricity for years. The coconut tree, classified as woody biomass, flourishes throughout tropical regions. Every year, each tree can produce an average of 70 nuts or a maximum of 150 nuts, with each fruit consisting of 15.18% shell. The Philippines has approximately 2.2 million tons of coconut shells each year. The study aims to determine the energy yield of the coconut shells when torrefied. The coconut shells were crushed, torrefied, and analyzed elementally. Initially, the calorific value of raw coconut shells was 30.79 MJ/kg and improved to 34.37 MJ/kg after torrefying at 275°C and held for 30 minutes. The optimal mass yield was 90.10%, while the energy density was 111.64%, resulting in an energy yield of 100.59%. Torrefaction improved the calorific value of coconut shells by 11.63% and optimized the energy yield to 100.59%.
Effect of carbonization temperature on the properties of Rubber Seed-Shell briquettes
Authors: Amrullah A. , Irawansyah H. , Ardiyat I.N. , Cahyono G.R. , Ansyah P.R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rubber Seed-Shell is a biomass material with great potential as a bio-energy resource for future life. In preliminary research, a Rubber Seed-Shell briquette was manufactured using a laboratory briquette die. Building on the preliminary research, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of carbonization temperature on Rubber Seed-Shell briquette properties and to evaluate product properties. It was concluded that carbonization temperature does affect the properties of Rubber Seed-Shell briquettes. Results showed that moisture content ranged between 5.6 and 6.6% (db), volatile matter ranged between 26.6 and 39.3%, ash content ranged between 3.7 and 5.45% (db), fixed carbon ranged between 51.4 and 61.35 (db), and calorific value ranged from 23.1 to 26.3 MJ/kg. After being carbonized, the properties of the Rubber Seed-Shell briquette were improved. Overall, the properties of carbonized briquette observed in this work meet the briquette standard (Indonesian standard SNI 01-6235-2000) and the International standard (Japan, England, and the USA)). Thus, Carbonized Rubber Seed-Shell is proposed as a new biomass solid fuel that has the potential to be developed as a commercial briquette.
Discussions on the heat transfer performance of the indirect pyrolysis plant using CFD modeling
Authors: Hamazaki Mayu , Torii Kento , Shan Miao , Kameyama Mitsuo , Mercado Jericho Victor L , Dowaki Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pyrolysis is a pathway for hydrogen reproduction from sewage sludge. The critical problem in the indirect pyrolysis process is the lower heat transfer performance in the furnace. The circulation of heat media controls the heat transfer in the pyrolizer (e.g., heat carriers (HCs) in the form of alumina balls), which is essential in determining the heat transfer performance and ultimately determining the hydrogen yield. The temperature of the HCs and amount of hydrogen yield are low because the required temperature in the vessel is not satisfied. This study investigated the relationship between the operating conditions and HC temperature profile to determine the optimum conditions for sufficient HC heating. We discuss the HC performance aspects to achieve a more effective operation using low inputs. Using a computational fluid dynamics simulation, we assessed the effect of the inlet gas temperature, inlet gas flow rate, and furnace structure on the heat transfer performance. We validated our model using the test results from a demonstration plant. We observed that by increasing the hot gas inlet temperature by 51 °C, the heat loss was reduced by 2,170 MJ/h, and the thermal efficiency of the entire plant was improved by 5.46%. When the number of hot-gas inlets was split, the efficiency did not change, but the temperature dispersion of the HCs was small. This implied that tar generation, including that of liquid substances, was prevented. At the pyrolysis temperature of 600°C, the cold gas efficiency was 81.2 LHV%.
Analysing Maize Plant Height Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) RGB based on Digital Surface Models (DSM)
Authors: Letsoin Sri Murniani Angelina , Guth David , Herak David , Purwestri Ratna Chrismiari 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the essential agricultural products in Papua Province of Indonesia, specifically in the three largest maize producing regions, namely Nabire Regency, Biak Numfor Regency and Merauke Regency, with the number of productions of 991 tons, 764 tons, and 751 tons respectively in 2015. Unfortunately, since 2016 the secondary data on food crops productivity, including maize, has not been provided yet in the provinces statistical report, due to manual estimation methods, i.e., visual estimation. On the other side, the number of populations in this Province has a slight increase, from 2.97 million people in 2012 to 3.38 million in 2019. Further, approximately 1.20 million people are employed in the agricultural sector. Considerable population growth will intensify the demand for food stock and other utilization of food crops in this region; hence, relevant research in food crops needs to be considered. One of the dominant factors in the yield potential of maize is plant height, since it is associated with fertilizer, seed, and soil treatment and predicts yield area. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the plant height, particularly maize plant based on a digital surface model (DSM) derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Red Green Blue (RGB) images. The crop was monitored during the second and third week of January 2022 and then, processed using pix4d Mapper software to produce the DSM, Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and orthomosaic. Then, the Geographical Information System (GIS) software, and an open-source software, namely Python were used to estimate the plant height. Next, the results were assessed statistically to examine the validation, the strong correlation coefficient of the estimation to the actual height that obtained from UAV and ground-based plant height data. The findings will help to support the prior decision support on estimation of maize production in Papua Province.
Stability and Esterification Activity of Candida rugosa Lipase Immobilized on Celite with Acetone Solvent
Authors: Zamara Ramadhiani Afina , Yudhana Lathiifah Alyaa , Curie Catia Angli , Gozan Misri 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) is an enzyme that is widely used in biopharmaceutical and biopesticide industries due to its high catalytic ability and reusability. However, conditions from industrial processes that are often outside CRL stability range may cause denaturation or destabilization of the enzyme, causing it to be not reusable, hence lowering its economic value. To increase its catalytic activity, stability, and reusability, CRL enzyme can be immobilized in a matrix. In this study, the CRL was physically adsorbed onto Celite-545. The immobilization process was done using buffer solution with the addition of acetone. The influence of initial enzyme concentration and immobilization condition (time, temperature, and pH) were optimized using OFAT method. The data were taken in terms of esterification activity, thermal stability, and protein content. The result showed good thermal stability of the immobilized biocatalysts and an increase in esterification activity at optimum conditions that supported the efficiency of Celite-545 as lipase immobilization supports.
Acrylamide and Acrylate Based Hydrogel for Water Adsorption in Biodiesel
Authors: Pratiwi Fatimah Tresna , Solikhah Maharani Dewi , Arisanti Anisa Galuh , Matheofani  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Several countries have implemented the use of biodiesel as a diesel fuel blend. Indonesia currently implements the highest percentage of biodiesel, reaching 30% (B30), starting from 2020. Strict quality standards of biodiesel have been implemented worldwide, such as ASTM D6751 (USA), EN 14214 (EU), JASO M360 (Japan), and SNI 7182:2015 (Indonesia). Prior to blending with diesel, biodiesel must comply with the specification. One of the most concerning issues is the water content in biodiesel that is easily increased due to its hygroscopic nature. Currently, the handling procedure at the blending facility to maintain the immoderate water content of biodiesel is still limited. Therefore, experiments for reducing excessive water content in biodiesel were conducted using polyacrylamide-co-potassium acrylate (pAAm-co-PA) and potassium polyacrylate (PPA) hydrogels with varying contact times. The adsorption capacity of the hydrogel with the best performance was also observed. Four methods were carried out for hydrogel regeneration, i.e., drying at atmospheric pressure (A), drying at vacuum pressure (V), and a combination of solvent washing-atmospheric drying using acetone (AA) and ethanol (EA). The results indicate that the PPA hydrogel adsorps more water than the pAAm-co-PA hydrogel with the same contact time. PPA hydrogel capacity decreased to 13.4% after being used for seven adsorption cycles simultaneously. The ethanol-drying combination produces the highest water recovery in the regeneration process, reaching 39.24%.
The norm of time-frequency and wavelet localization operators
Authors: Nicola Fabio , Tilli Paolo 
Published: May 2023

Time-frequency localization operators (with Gaussian window)

L
F

:

L
2

(

R

d

)
→

L
2

(

R

d

)

L_F:L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)\to L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)

, where

F
F

is a weight in

R

2
d

\mathbb {R}^{2d}

, were introduced in signal processing by I. Daubechies [IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 34 (1988), pp. 605–612], inaugurating a new, geometric, phase-space perspective. Sharp upper bounds for the norm (and the singular values) of such operators turn out to be a challenging issue with deep applications in signal recovery, quantum physics and the study of uncertainty principles.

In this note we provide optimal upper bounds for the operator norm

‖

L
F

‖

L
2

→

L
2

\|L_F\|_{L^2\to L^2}

, assuming

F
∈

L
p

(

R

2
d

)

F\in L^p(\mathbb {R}^{2d})

,

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

or

F
∈

L
p

(

R

2
d

)
∩

L
∞

(

R

2
d

)

F\in L^p(\mathbb {R}^{2d})\cap L^\infty (\mathbb {R}^{2d})

,

1
≤
p
>
∞

1\leq p>\infty

. It turns out that two regimes arise, depending on whether the quantity

‖
F

‖

L
p

/

‖
F

‖

L
∞

\|F\|_{L^p}/\|F\|_{L^\infty }

is less or greater than a certain critical value. In the first regime the extremal weights

F
F

, for which equality occurs in the estimates, are certain Gaussians, whereas in the second regime they are proved to be Gaussians truncated above, degenerating into a multiple of a characteristic function of a ball for

p
=
1

p=1

. This phase transition through Gaussians truncated above appears to be a new phenomenon in time-frequency concentration problems. For the analogous problem for wavelet localization operators—where the Cauchy wavelet plays the role of the above Gaussian window—a complete solution is also provided.
Females with Increased Costs Maintain Reproductive Output: A Field Experiment in a Common Songbird
Authors: McDermott Molly T , Madden Sage A , Laubach Zachary M , Ayala Marina J , Safran Rebecca J 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
Reproduction and self-maintenance are energetically costly activities involved in classic life history trade-offs. However, few studies have measured the responses of wild organisms to simultaneous changes in reproductive and self-maintenance costs, which may have interactive effects. In free-living female Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica), we simultaneously manipulated reproductive costs (by adding or removing two nestlings) and self-maintenance costs (by attaching a ∼1 g weight in the form of a GPS tag to half of our study birds) and measured mass, immune status, blood glucose, feather growth, and reproductive output (likelihood of a second clutch, number of eggs, and time between clutches). GPS tags allowed us to analyze how movement range size affected response to brood size manipulation. Tagging altered females’ immune function as evidenced by an elevated heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, but all females were equally likely to lay more eggs. There was no evidence of interactive effects of the tagging and brood size treatment. Range size was highly variable, and birds with large ranges grew feathers more slowly, but analyzing the effect of brood size manipulation while accounting for variation in range size did not result in any physiological response. Our results support the theoretical prediction that short-lived vertebrates do face a trade-off between reproduction and self-maintenance and, when faced with increased costs, tend to preserve investment in reproduction at the expense of parental condition. This experiment also helps us to understand how movement patterns may be relevant to life history trade-offs in wild birds.
Consequences of Preterm Birth: Knowns, Unknowns, and Barriers to Advancing Cardiopulmonary Health
Authors: Hubbard Colin D , Bates Melissa L , Lovering Andrew T , Duke Joseph W 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
Preterm birth occurs in 10% of all live births and creates challenges to neonatal life, which persist into adulthood. Significant previous work has been undertaken to characterize and understand the respiratory and cardiovascular sequelae of preterm birth, which are present in adulthood, i.e., “late” outcomes. However, many gaps in knowledge are still present and there are several challenges that will make filling these gaps difficult. In this perspective we discuss the obstacles of studying adults born preterm, including (1) the need for invasive (direct) measures of physiologic function; (2) the need for multistate, multinational, and diverse cohorts; (3) lack of socialized medicine in the United States; (4) need for detailed and better-organized birth records; and (5) transfer of neonatal and pediatric knowledge to adult care physicians. We conclude with a discussion on the “future” of studying preterm birth in regards to what may happen to these individuals as they approach middle and older age and how the improvements in perinatal and postnatal care may be changing the phenotypes observed in adults born preterm on or after the year 2000.
Evaluating drivers of spatiotemporal variability in individual condition of a bottom-associated marine fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Lindmark M , Anderson S C , Gogina M , Casini M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An organism’s body condition describes its mass given its length and is often positively associated with fitness. The condition of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea has declined dramatically since the early 1990s, possibly due to increased competition for food and hypoxia. However, the effects of biotic and abiotic variables on body condition have not been evaluated at local scales, which is important given spatial heterogeneity. We evaluate changes in distribution, experienced environmental conditions, and individual-level condition of cod in relation to covariates at different spatial scales using geostatistical models with spatial and spatiotemporal random effects. Sprat, Saduria entomon, temperature and oxygen were positively associated with condition, and depth was negatively associated. However, the effects of explanatory variables were small—spatial and spatiotemporal latent variables explained 5.7 times more variation than all covariates together (year excluded). Weighting environmental oxygen with local biomass densities revealed steeper declining trends compared to the unweighted oxygen in the environment, while the effect of weighting was less clear for condition. Understanding the drivers of spatiotemporal variation in body condition is critical for predicting responses to environmental change and to effective fishery management; yet low explanatory power of covariates on individual condition constitutes a major challenge.
Characterization of a prophage and a defective integrative conjugative element carrying the optrA gene in linezolid-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates from pigs, Italy
Authors: Cinthi Marzia , Massacci Francesca Romana , Coccitto Sonia Nina , Albini Elisa , Cucco Lucilla , Orsini Massimiliano , Simoni Serena , Giovanetti Eleonora , Brenciani Andrea , Magistrali Chiara Francesca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the optrA-carrying genetic elements and their transferability in two linezolid-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) strains of swine origin.

Methods
SDSE strains (V220 and V1524) were phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Transferability of oxazolidinone resistance genes (filter mating), genetic elements and relatedness between isolates (WGS) were analysed. Excision of the genetic elements was assayed by inverse PCR.

Results
SDSE isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, florfenicol and linezolid, but susceptible to tedizolid and both carried the optrA gene.
In SDSE V220 optrA was located on a 72.9-kb ICESdyV220 inserted in the 3′ end of the chromosomal rum gene. It was 94%–96% identical (coverage, from 31% to 61%) to other optrA-carrying ICEs. In-depth ICESdyV220 sequence analysis revealed that optrA was carried by an IMESdyV220 (17.9 kb), also containing the tet(O/W/32/O) gene. Inverse PCR assays excluded the ICESdyV220 mobility. In SDSE V1524, optrA was carried by the ΦSdyV1524 prophage, integrated near the 5′ end of the chromosomal had gene, showing a genetic organization similar to that of other streptococcal phage. Conjugation and transduction assays failed to demonstrate the optrA transferability to streptococcal recipients. V220 and V1524 belonged to two novel sequence types (ST704 and ST634, respectively).

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identification of the optrA gene on a prophage and an ICE in SDSE isolates from swine brain.
These findings are consistent with the current belief in the key role of bacteriophages and ICEs in the streptococcal evolution and adaptation.
On the Anatomy of Health-related Actions for Which People Could Reasonably be Held Responsible: A Framework
Authors: Bærøe Kristine , Albertsen Andreas , Cappelen Cornelius 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Should we let personal responsibility for health-related behavior influence the allocation of healthcare resources? In this paper, we clarify what it means to be responsible for an action. We rely on a crucial conceptual distinction between being responsible and holding someone responsible, and show that even though we might be considered responsible and blameworthy for our health-related actions, there could still be well-justified reasons for not considering it reasonable to hold us responsible by giving us lower priority. We transform these philosophical considerations into analytical use first by assessing the general features of health-related actions and the corresponding healthcare needs. Then, we identify clusters of structural features that even adversely affected people cannot reasonably deny constitute actions for which they should be held responsible. We summarize the results in an analytical framework that can be used by decision-makers when considering personal responsibility for health as a criterion for setting priorities.
Normalised latent measure factor models
Authors: Beraha Mario , Griffin Jim E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose a methodology for modelling and comparing probability distributions within a Bayesian nonparametric framework. Building on dependent normalised random measures, we consider a prior distribution for a collection of discrete random measures where each measure is a linear combination of a set of latent measures, interpretable as characteristic traits shared by different distributions, with positive random weights. The model is nonidentified and a method for postprocessing posterior samples to achieve identified inference is developed. This uses Riemannian optimisation to solve a nontrivial optimisation problem over a Lie group of matrices. The effectiveness of our approach is validated on simulated data and in two applications to two real-world data sets: school student test scores and personal incomes in California. Our approach leads to interesting insights for populations and easily interpretable posterior inference.