bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PS-C28-10: HYPERTENSIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY AS MOST FREQUENT ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDING IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED FOR ISCHEMIC STROKE.
Authors: Zambrano-Medina María Eugenia , Padilla-Pérez Miriam , Lozano-Cabezas Cristobal , Fernández-Guerrero Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
In Spain occurs about 120,000 strokes per year. Initial study usually requires echocardiography to rule out cardioembolic source. We describe most common echocardiographic features in neurological patients and traditional risk factors in them.

Methods:
From August 2020 to August 2021, 502 consecutive Neurology echocardiograms were analysed, collecting data in SPSS for subsequent descriptive and analytical statistical analysis.

Results:
45% were women. Most frequent study reason was ischemic stroke (66%), followed by transient ischemic attack (TIA) (11%), haemorrhagic stroke (2%) and miscellaneous (fever, cardiac enzyme release, dyspnoea, coma) (15%). Highest frequent risk factor was hypertension (HBP) (70%), followed by obesity (51%), dyslipidaemia (46%), diabetes (32%), and kidney failure (15%). Atrial fibrillation (AF) had been documented in 13%, while De novo AF was discovered in an additional 14.5%. Systemic inflammation disorders were present in 19% and hypercoagulability in 9%. 10% had suffered a previous stroke (90% ischemic), and 2.6% TIA.
About treatment 27% had antiaggregation drugs on stroke moment and 12% were anticoagulated (5.6% VKA and 6.6% DOAC).
In echo images, absence of structural heart disease was the most frequent finding (49%), followed by LA dilatation (48%) and ventricular hypertrophy > 13 mm (34%), both characteristic of hypertensive heart. 5% showed valve disease (more frequent mitral regurgitation) and 5% Cor pulmonale. Cardiomyopathy was found in 3% (Dilated 2.6%). Patent foramen ovale, and aneurysm of the interatrial septum were rare (1% each). Ostium secundum type ASD only one case (0.2%).
In the follow-up 5% had a new event (stroke or TIA) in next 12 months and additional 4.4% evidence of AF was found, this variable being related to left atrial dilatation in statistical analysis.

Conclusions:
In our sample of patients with ischemic stroke the abnormal finding most recurrent was hypertensive heart disease (HBP, LA dilatation, and LVH). LA dilation was related to the development of AF during follow-up, this relationship being statistically significant (p < 0.001) by chi-square test. The percentage of de novo AF discovered in the same stroke episode (14.5%) is noteworthy. The ineffectiveness of antiaggregation (27% took it) and that anticoagulation does not completely eliminate risk either. Presence of structural anomalies such ASD, PFO or thrombus was rare (less than 1%).
PS-C29-9: PROGNOSTIC AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITHOUT DIABETES OR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Nakamura Satoko 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
It is known that metabolic syndrome complicated by hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and glucose metabolism abnormalities increases the risk of atherosclerotic disease synergistically. Therefore, even in elderly hypertensive patients without a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) or cardiovascular diseases (CVD), we examined whether complications such as blood pressure management and metabolic syndrome affect the prognosis.

Design and method:
172 elderly hypertensive patients (76 men, mean age 73 years old) without DM or CVD were conducted. Height, weight, blood pressure, blood test, and urine test at the start of the study were evaluated and risk factors were defined as follows. (1) Poor blood pressure management: systolic blood pressure 150 mm Hg or more or diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or more, (2) dyslipidemia: triglycerides 150 mg / dl or more or HDL cholesterol less than 40 mg / dl, (3) Obesity: BMI (kg / m 2) 25 or more, (4) Glucose metabolism abnormalities: fasting blood glucose 110 mg / dl or more, (5) Hyperuricemia: 6 mg / dl or more of uric acid, (6) Chronic kidney disease: estimated GFR (eGFR) was obtained by the Japanese estimation formula, and eGFR was less than 60 ml / min/1.73 m 2 or proteinuria positive. The incidence of cardiovascular accidents and all-cause deaths during the average observation period of 11 years from the start of observation were investigated, and related factors were examined in the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results:
Risk factors were found in (1) poor blood pressure management 45%, (2) dyslipidemia 38%, (3) obesity 44%, (4) glucose metabolism abnormality 26%, (5) hyperuricemia 38%, and (6) chronic kidney disease 51%, respectively. During the observation period of an average of 11 years, 36 patients developed cardiovascular accidents and 5 died. In a study in a proportional hazards model, chronic kidney disease was involved in the development of cardiovascular accidents. All-cause deaths, on the other hand, involved dyslipidemia and obesity.

Conclusions:
Elderly hypertensive patients without DM and CVD had a high rate of various risk factors, and the risk factors were associated with subsequent cardiovascular prognosis and all-cause death.
PS-C30-3: FEATURES OF THE C-786T NOS3 GENE POLYMORPHISM IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Kurbanov Bakhodir 
Published: January 2023

Relevance:
Preeclampsia is the multi cause illness. One of the genetic risk factors for the development of preeclampsia may be a polymorphism of the endothelial system genes.

Objective:
to study the C-786T polymorphism of the NOS3 gene in patients with preeclampsia.

Materials and methods:
The study group consisted of 140 pregnant women, of which the main group included 72 patients with preeclampsia, and 68 apparently healthy individuals (control group). The study was conducted in the Tashkent city maternity complex 6. The age of the pregnant women ranged from 19 to 42 years.
The material for the study was DNA samples from a patient with a clinically diagnosed preeclampsia. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using statistical programs “EpiCalc 2000 Version 1.02“.

Results:
The proportion of wild C allele in the subgroup of patients was statistically significantly lower compared to the control (68.6% versus 79.9%, respectively; (p = 0.04; RR = 0.86; OR = 0.55; 95%). On the contrary, the frequency of the unfavorable T allele among patients with severe preeclampsia was significantly higher compared to controls - 31.4% and 20.1%, respectively (p = 0.04). At the same time, the calculated odds ratio for detecting this allele was OR = 1.8, and the relative risk of developing diseases was RR = 1.17 (p = 0.04).
There was a trend towards an increase in the heterozygous C/T genotype in the group of patients with severe preeclampsia, where it was detected with a frequency of 39.5% compared to 27.1% in the control group (p = 0.15; RR = 1.46; OR = 1.76).
The functionally unfavorable T/T genotype was insignificantly more common among patients with severe preeclampsia compared to the control group 11.6% and 6.5%, respectively (p = 0.30; RR = 1.78; OR = 1.88;).
A significant relationship was found between the risk of developing preeclampsia and the carriage of a rare allelic variant of the C-786T polymorphism of the NOS3 gene, associated with a decrease in the synthesis of the NO-synthetase enzyme.

Conclusions:
Thus, the results of our study allow us to conclude that unfavorable genotypic variants of the C-786T polymorphism of the NOS3 gene (associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction) contribute significantly to the mechanism of preeclampsia development.
PS-C30-11: EFFECTS OF SGLT-2 INHIBITORS ON 24 H AMBP IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETIC AND HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Wang Qiongying , Tian Li , Yu Jing , Bai Feng 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To analyze the effects of different types of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Method:
In the meta-analysis, The PubMed, Web of science, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literature, and the references obtained from these sources were retrieved from inception till December 2020, Using sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibito, hypertension and randomized controlled trial as keywords. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated in accordance with the requirements of Cochrane systematic review. A total of 1354 articles were retrieved, 592 duplicate articles were excluded, 372 articles were excluded after reading the title and abstract, 87 articles were excluded from non-randomized control and irrelevant outcome indicators, and 7 studies with 2343 patients were finally included. Use RevMan5.3 software to compare the changes in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, day and night blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension before and after treatment with different types and doses of SGLT2i.

Results:
A total of four types of SGLT-2i (Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Ertugliflozin) were evaluated in the application of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The result showed that compared with placebo, SGLT2i could reduce the 24-hour systolic blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by 4.36mmHg, among which the antihypertensive effects of empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin were -4.59mmHg, -3.74mmHg, -5.06mmHg, -3.64mmHg, respectively; similarly, the 24-hour dynamic diastolic blood pressure decreased by 2.20mmHg, among which the antihypertensive effects of empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin were -2.38mmHg, -1.22mmHg, -2.00mmHg,- 2.69mmHg, respectively. At the same time, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the day and night decreased significantly.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis shows that SGLT2i can have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system by reducing 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, other than reducing blood sugar. Therefore, for patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, SGLT2i may be the best hypoglycemic choice.
PS-C31-3: PREVALENCE OF A FALL OR RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE FROM A SITTING TO A STANDING POSITION IN TREATED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Cheng Maong Hui , Chia Yook Chin 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
It is known that blood pressure (BP) fluctuates with positioning of an individual. Usually BP falls when changing from lying to standing position which can cause orthostatic/postural hypotension.
However, studies have also shown that BP rises in certain individuals from lying to standing position.
Studies have also shown that rises are associated with increasing age, obesity and presence of diabetes.
While the prevalence of orthostatic/postural hypotension is known, prevalence of rise in BP upon standing is not well documented.
It is important to identify falls or rise in BP upon standing as orthostatic/postural hypotension is associated with increased risk of falls while a rise in BP is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events (CV).
The aim of our study is to examine the proportion of patients whose BP rises or falls upon standing amongst hypertensive patients. We also examined the association of age, diabetic status, obesity and CV with rises of BP upon standing.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross sectional study of hypertensive patients in a primary care clinic. Demographic data was collected with weight and height measured. Sitting BP was taken twice after 5 minutes rest, standing BP was taken after 5 minutes of standing. Any fall or rise in BP from sitting to standing was categorized as fallers and risers respectively.

Results:
1736 patients were recruited into this study,734 were invited to have their standing BP done. Mean age was 66.0 ± 9.9years, mean sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 144.4 ± 19.1mmHg, mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 82.4 ± 10.9mmHg, mean sitting heart rate (HR) was 71.4 ± 12.6 min−1. Mean standing SBP was 146.0 ± 19.7mmHg, mean standing HR was 74.1 ± 13.3mins−1.
Mean BMI was 27.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2, of which 69.5% (n = 437) were female, 51.6% (n = 379) were diabetic, and 25.3% (n = 378) were obese. Percentage of patients 65 years and older was 58.5% (n = 428). 22.5% (n = 164) of the patients also had prior CV events.
The proportion of risers and fallers upon standing was 44.5% and 52.8% respectively.
There was no significant difference between the proportion of risers and fallers with increasing age(p = 0.312) or diabetic status (p = 0.406).
However, it was statistically significant associated with obesity (BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more)(p = 0.038).

Conclusion:
Although BP usually drops upon standing, our study showed more than half of treated hypertensives had a rise in their standing BP. There was association of risers/fallers with obesity but not with age or diabetes.
PS-C32-2: PRECAPILLARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN ENUGU, NIGERIA AETIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES AND RISK FACTORS
Authors: Ejim Emmanuel Chukwudi , Oguanobi Nelson Ifeanyi , Iloanusi Nneka Ifeyinwa , Udora Nneka Clara , Nwigwe Scholastica Ijeoma , Obiefuna Adaobi Genevive , Agu Ifeanyi Chukwudi , Onwubere Basden Jones 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by a progressive and sustained increase in pulmonary vascular resistance which eventually may lead to right heart failure. Echocardiography can be used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension, and CT pulmonary angiography can be used to confirm the cause in most patients. Precapillary pulmonary hypertension includes WHO Clinical Groups 1, 3, 4 and 5. Data on the causes of pulmonary hypertension are lacking in our environment, and we set out to identify the common causes, clinical features and the risk factors.

Design and Method:
Consecutive patients who had moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension on transthoracic echocardiography in the absence of left heart disease were recruited for the study from July 2015 to April 2022. All the patients were expected to do CT pulmonary angiography to determine the cause of the pulmonary hypertension. The case notes of patients who had done CT pulmonary angiography were retrieved and retrospectively reviewed, and demographic data, presenting complaints, physical signs, and associated clinical conditions extracted.

Results:
A total of 82 patients met the inclusion criteria, but only 46 did CT pulmonary angiography. The age range of the latter group was from 24 to 80 years with a mean age of 50.35 ± 12.43 years. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) was noted in 30 patients (65%), out of which 24 (80%) are females. Idiopathic cases and VSD Eisenmenger were the next common causes. Breathlessness on exertion, cough and syncopal attacks were the commonest presenting features. The presence of uterine fibroids was a frequent association with CTEPH.

Conclusion:
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is the commonest cause of pre capillary pulmonary hypertension, and is basically a disease of middle aged women in Nigeria. Breathlessness on exertion and syncopal attacks are common symptoms, and the presence of uterine fibroids is strongly associated with its presence.
PS-C33-8: INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND REFRACTORY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Muxfeldt Elizabeth Silaid , Chedier Bernardo , Cortez Arthur Fernandes , Margallo Victor , Santos Taissa Lorena Dos 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Refractory hypertension (RfHT) is defined as an uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) despite the use of 5 or more antihypertensives, including spironolactone and it is considered an extreme phenotype of resistant hypertension (RHT). High BP levels lead to RAAS stimulation, sympathetic hyperactivity and endothelial dysfunction with consequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between inflammatory markers and refractory hypertension in a large cohort of patients with RHT.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study that evaluated 423 resistant hypertensives (30.5% male, mean age 63.9 + 10.8 years), of which 62 (14.6%) diagnosed as RfHT. All of them were submitted to the dosage of inflammatory markers: TNF-alpha, MCP-1, E-selectin and PAI-1. Socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors (CV) were recorded. Variance analysis compared serum levels of the 4 inflammatory markers and bivariate analysis compared patients with RHT versus RfHT.

Results:
Patients with RfHT are younger, with higher prevalence of smoking, higher levels of albuminuria and higher prevalence of chronic cerebrovascular and renal disease stages 4 and 5. PAI-1 values (126 [108–162] vs 118 [94–153] were higher in those with RfHT, although they did not reach statistical significance. The other biomarkers evaluated showed no association with the diagnosis of RfHT.

Conclusion:
Among inflammatory markers, PAI-1 was the one that correlated most strongly with refractory hypertension. Our study is the first one to demonstrate PAI-1 association with treatment refractoriness
PS-C34-12: MAJOR CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAL ARTERY FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA IN CHINESE HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Kang Yuanyuan , Chen Yang , Wu Qihong , Dong Hui , Zou Yubao , Gao Pinjin , Xu Jianzhong , Jiang Xiongjing , Wang Jiguang 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory vascular disease that most commonly affects renal arteries. There is growing awareness of this disease entity. However, most of the previous studies have been from US or European populations.

Methods:
Consecutive hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis caused by FMD underwent catheter-based angiography, followed at two Chinese referral centers in China between January 2000 and December 2021.

Results:
Of 245 study participants, with a mean diagnosed age of 26.9 ± 9.9 years, 137 (55.9%) were female, 38 (15.5%) were children. All patients had diagnosed hypertension at a mean age of 23.4 ± 8.4 years. 73.5% were focal and 15.2% were multivessel. Aneurysms, arterial dissections, and total occlusions were found in 21.6%, 4.1% and 12.2% of patients, respectively. Patients with multifocal FMD, compared to those with focal FMD, were older (26.0 vs.23.7 years, P = 0.021) and more often female (70.8% vs. 50.6%, P = 0.004), had a higher proportion of renal artery dissection (9.2% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.014), lower proportion of kidney atrophy (18.5% vs.31.1%, P = 0.013), and had fewer antihypertensive drugs (1.7 vs. 2.1, P = 0.002). After a median of 6.9 years follow-up, multifocal FMD had a higher cure rate of hypertension than focal FMD after revascularization (71.2% vs.55.2%, P = 0.033).

Conclusions:
Chinese patients with renal artery FMD had different characteristics from Caucasians, especially in adults. In Chinese, renal artery FMD occurred primarily in the young hypertensive patients with little sex predilection, and was frequently focal, which showed a worse blood pressure outcome than multifocal.
PS-C35-6: NATIONWIDE TREND ANALYSIS OF ADDING SALT TO MEALS IN JAPAN: COOKPAD DATA, 2010–2014
Authors: Suzuki Takahiro , Mizuno Atsushi 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Numerous studies have revealed that dietary salt intake is associated with blood pressure and mortality. Adding salt to food as a seasoning is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, which results in that the amount of salt in the diet in Japan remains high. Cookpad is one of the popular cooking-recipe sharing websites globally, where the amount of seasonings can be quantitatively extracted. This epidemiological study aimed to investigate a nationwide trend of adding salt to meals using real-world data in Japan.

Design and method:
This is a large-scale retrospective study using Cookpad data from January 2010 to December 2014, provided by Informatics Research Data Repository, National Institute of Informatics. The amount of salt added as the seasoning was calculated in each recipe. The “Salt Seasoning Rate” was defined as the percentage of recipes that contained salt as an ingredient out of all recipes. We also expressed the “Low-sodium Ingredient Rate” as the percentage of all recipes that contains low sodium food or ingredient. Additionally, the salt added per person per meal was used as “Salt Seasoning Amount” to quantify the amount of salt added as a seasoning. Year-to-year differences in salt seasoning rate and the amount of salt seasoning per person per meal from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed using the Cochrane-Armitage test for percentage trends and the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test for salt amount.

Results:
Overall, 1,119,555 recipes were identified from January 2010 to December 2014 and stratified by the year of publication. A total of 494,216 recipes (44.1%) containing salt as an ingredient were extracted. The Salt Seasoning Rate trended upward from 85,466/219,549 (38.9%) in 2010 to 74,950/212,162 (35.3%) in 2014 (p-trend < .001). The Low-sodium Seasoning Rate showed a statistically higher trend from 0.07% (144/219,549) in 2010 to 0.18% (375/212,162) in 2014 (p-trend < .001). Furthermore, the Salt Seasoning Amount showed a gradual downward trend, from 0.86 g in 2010 to 0.81 g in 2014 (p-trend < .01).

Conclusions:
This study showed that the frequency and amount of adding salt to meals as seasonings had decreased gradually, and that of using low sodium ingredients has increased, which could reflect the increasing trend of a low-sodium diet and low-sodium food taking behavior.
PS-C35-8: ESTIMATING A MODEL FOR 24-HOUR URINARY SODIUM EXCRETION FROM SPOT URINE SODIUM AND CREATININE OF BANGLADESHI POPULATION
Authors: Sayem Md Noor Nabi , Akhtar Jubaida , Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Choudhury Sohel Reza 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The best estimate of population distribution and the average level of dietary salt intake is provided by measuring 24hour urinary sodium (Na) excretion in a representative sample. Collection of 24hour urine is difficult for community living people, and therefore, use of the spot urine Na concentration for estimation of daily salt intake was proposed as an alternative to 24hour urine collection.

Purpose:
To develop and validate equations to estimate the population mean levels of 24hour urinary Na excretion from spot urine Na for a Bangladeshi population.

Methods:
We utilized a dataset in which estimates of urinary Na levels were available from urine samples from 24hour urine collection and from spot urine of 217 participants, aged 40 to 59 years. We developed formulas to estimate 24hour urinary Na (24HUNa) by using 24hour urinary Creatinine (24HUCr), spot urine Na (SUNa), and spot urine creatinine (SUCr). For the reliability and validity tests of developed formulas, we use another dataset of 517 participants, aged 30 to 59 years, that also contains Na levels from urine samples from 24hour urine collection and from spot urine collection.

Results:
The obtained formulas were as follows: (i) PRCr (mg/day) =  − 6.68 × age (year) + 14.68 × weight (kg) + 23.89 × height (cm) − 3198.18; (ii) estimated 24HUNa (mmol/day) = 42.40 × XNa0.270; where PRCr = predicted value of 24HUCr, XNa = SUNa (mmol/L)/SUCr (mg/L) × PRCr (mg/day). The correlation coefficients of Na (mmol/day) between estimated and measured from 24hour urine sample were 0.477, which was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). The mean difference (bias) between estimated and measured Na (mmol/day) was 2.9, which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between estimated and measured 24HUNa was 0.502.

Conclusions:
These formulas are useful for estimating population mean levels of 24hour urinary Na excretion, though this method is not suitable for estimating individual Na excretion.