bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of interdiffusion between compatible polymers under static and co‐extrusion processing conditions
Authors: Leimhofer Claudia , Hammer Alexander , Roland Wolfgang , Dollberger Saskia , Ehrmann Timo , Berger‐Weber Gerald , Hild Sabine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhen two compatible polymer melts are brought into contact, a diffuse interphase is formed that governs the adhesion between them. The degree of interdiffusion is defined mainly by the processing conditions and the physico‐chemical properties of the materials. Despite the great industrial relevance of co‐extrusion in manufacturing multilayer structures, little research has dealt with interdiffusion under these processing conditions, where polymer‐polymer interfaces are subject to shear load. In this work, procedures for investigating interdiffusion both under static and real co‐extrusion flow conditions were developed. Using various grades of poly(methyl methacrylate) and styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile copolymer, we studied both theoretically and experimentally the effects of interfacial contact time, temperature, material compatibility, and interfacial shear stress on interdiffusion. Spectroscopic analysis of the interfaces using confocal Raman microscopy showed that the general relationships between interdiffusion, time (Fick's law) and temperature (Arrhenius relationship) are identical under both static and co‐extrusion conditions. However, the interdiffusion rate is significantly higher under shear influence. Since the prediction of the interdiffusion process supports material selection and process design in multilayer manufacturing, a simple analytical model was developed to quantify the effects of aforementioned material properties and processing conditions on the apparent mutual interdiffusion coefficient.
Development of a centrifugal bioreactor for rapid expansion of CD8 cytotoxic T cells for use in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kaiphanliam Kitana M. , Fraser‐Hevlin Brenden , Barrow Eric S. , Davis William C. , Van Wie Bernard J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne of the current difficulties limiting the use of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for cancer treatment is the lack of methods for rapidly expanding T cells. As described in the present report, we developed a centrifugal bioreactor (CBR) that may resolve this manufacturing bottleneck. The CBR operates in perfusion by balancing centrifugal forces with a continuous feed of fresh medium, preventing cells from leaving the expansion culture chamber while maintaining nutrients for growth. A bovine CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cell line specific for an autologous target cell infected with a protozoan parasite, Theileria parva, was used to determine the efficacy of the CBR for ACT purposes. Batch culture experiments were conducted to predict how CTLs respond to environmental changes associated with consumption of nutrients and production of toxic metabolites, such as ammonium and lactate. Data from these studies were used to develop a kinetic growth model, allowing us to predict CTL growth in the CBR and determine the optimal operating parameters. The model predicts the maximum cell density the CBR can sustain is 5.5 × 107 cells/mL in a single 11‐mL conical chamber with oxygen being the limiting factor. Experimental results expanding CTLs in the CBR are in 95% agreement with the kinetic model. The prototype CBR described in this report can be used to develop a CBR for use in cancer immunotherapy.
Morphologic variations of the superior intercostal vein: An anatomical study with clinical applications
Authors: Liu Hong‐Fu , Xiong Yan‐Lian , Kim In‐Beom , Won Hyung‐Sun , Jin Chang‐Zhu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to validate and compare the anatomical variations of the superior intercostal veins, focusing on their origin, course, anastomoses, and destination. In addition, the results were compared with findings from other relevant studies. Fifty Korean and 16 Chinese adult cadavers were dissected for this study. The superior intercostal veins were dissected and measured. In our study of 66 specimens, the right superior intercostal vein was observed in 92.3% of cases, while the left superior intercostal vein was observed in 50%. The right superior intercostal vein was subdivided into six types based on its composition, which mainly drained the second and third right posterior intercostal veins. Similarly, the left superior intercostal vein was subdivided into eight types, primarily involving the second to fourth left posterior intercostal veins. This detailed anatomical study successfully identified and classified the various morphologic types of the superior intercostal vein and reviewed the clinical significance of this vein. The findings of this study can offer valuable anatomical evidence to physicians, aiding in their understanding and utilization of the superior intercostal vein.
An interpretable deep learning framework for predicting liver metastases in postoperative colorectal cancer patients using natural language processing and clinical data integration
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Xinghao , Cai Linkun , Sun Jing , Yang Zhenghan , Liu Wenjuan , Wang Zhenchang , Lv Han 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of liver metastasis (LM) in increasing the risk of death for postoperative colorectal cancer (CRC) patients necessitates innovative approaches to predict LM.AimOur study presents a novel and significant contribution by developing an interpretable fusion model that effectively integrates both free‐text medical record data and structured laboratory data to predict LM in postoperative CRC patients.MethodsWe used a robust dataset of 1463 patients and leveraged state‐of‐the‐art natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques to construct a two‐layer fusion framework that demonstrates superior predictive performance compared to single modal models. Our innovative two‐tier algorithm fuses the results from different data modalities, achieving balanced prediction results on test data and significantly enhancing the predictive ability of the model. To increase interpretability, we employed Shapley additive explanations to elucidate the contributions of free‐text clinical data and structured clinical data to the final model. Furthermore, we translated our findings into practical clinical applications by creating a novel NLP score‐based nomogram using the top 13 valid predictors identified in our study.ResultsThe proposed fusion models demonstrated superior predictive performance with an accuracy of 80.8%, precision of 80.3%, recall of 80.5%, and an F1 score of 80.8% in predicting LMs.ConclusionThis fusion model represents a notable advancement in predicting LMs for postoperative CRC patients, offering the potential to enhance patient outcomes and support clinical decision‐making.
OGD/R‐induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis in retinal pigment epithelium cells: Role of PLD1 and PLD2 modulation
Authors: Park Sun Young , Kang He Mi , Park Geuntae , Oh Jin‐Woo , Choi Young‐Whan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the role of phospholipase D (PLD) in retinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury using an oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model commonly used in retinal I/R injury research. To create an in vitro cellular I/R model, pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to target PLD1 and PLD2 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Treatment with PLD inhibitors and siRNA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by OGD/R in RPE cells and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), indicating a reduction in oxidative damage and improvement in the antioxidant system. Next, we showed that inhibiting PLD1 or PLD2 reduced intracellular iron levels and lipid peroxidation, which are critical factors in ferroptosis. Additionally, PLD1 and PLD2 modulated the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of ferroptosis, including GPX4, SLC7A11, FTH1, and ACSL4. We also investigated the roles of PLD1 and PLD2 in preventing pyroptosis, another form of programmed cell death associated with inflammation. Our study found that OGD/R significantly increased the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and activated caspase‐1, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved‐caspase 1 (C‐caspase‐1), and GSDMD‐N in RPE cells, indicating pyroptosis induction. However, PLD1 and PLD2 inhibition or knockdown significantly inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that the PLD signaling pathway plays a key role in OGD/R‐induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis induction and may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating retinal dysfunction and degeneration.
Screening of Cu4O3 NPs efficacy and its anticancer potential against cervical cancer
Authors: Zughaibi Torki A. , Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Khan Azhar U. , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Tabrez Shams 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCu4O3 is the least explored copper oxide, and its nanoformulation is anticipated to have important therapeutic potential especially against cancer. The current study aimed to biosynthesize Cu4O3 nanoparticles (NPs) using an aqueous extract of pumpkin seeds and evaluate its antiproliferative efficacy against cervical cells after screening on different cancer cell lines. The obtained NPs were characterized by different spectroscopic analyses, such as UV‐vis, thermogravimetric, energy dispersive X‐ray, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopes (HR‐TEM) were used to observe the morphology of the biosynthesized NPs. The UV‐vis spectra showed a peak at around 332 nm, confirming the formation of Cu4O3 NPs. Moreover, FTIR and TAG analyses identified the presence of various bioactive phytoconstituents that might have worked as capping and stabilization agents and comparative stable NPs at very high temperatures, respectively. The HR‐TEM data showed the spherical shape of Cu4O3 NPs in the range of 100 nm. The Cu4O3 NPs was screened on three different cancer cell lines viz., Hela, MDA‐MB‐231, and HCT‐116 using cytotoxicity (MTT) reduction assay. In addition, Vero was taken as a normal epithelial (control) cell. The high responsive cell line in terms of least IC50 was further assessed for its anticancer potential using a battery of biological tests, including morphological alterations, induction of apoptosis/ROS generation, regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and suppression of cell adhesion/migration. Vero cells (control) showed a slight decline in % cell viability even at the highest tested Cu4O3 NPs concentration. However, all the studied cancer cells viz., MDA‐MB‐231, HCT 116, and HeLa cells showed a dose‐dependent decline in cell viability after the treatment with Cu4O3 NPs with a calculated IC50 value of 10, 11, and 7.2 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the above data, Hela cells were chosen for further studies, that showed induction of apoptosis from 3.5 to 9‐folds by three different staining techniques acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI), and propidium iodide (PI). The enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (>3.5‐fold), modulation in MMP, and suppression of cell adhesion/migration were observed in the cells treated with Cu4O3 NPs. The current study obtained the significant antiproliferative potential of Cu4O3 NPs against the cervical cancer cell line, which needs to be confirmed further in a suitable in vivo model. Based on our results, we also recommend the green‐based, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective alternative method for synthesizing novel nanoformulation.
Acute infantile liver failure syndrome type 2 in a 2.5‐year‐old boy: A case report
Authors: Shabani‐Mirzaee Hosein , Sayarifard Fatemeh , Malekiantaghi Armen , Eftekhari Kambiz 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageInfantile liver failure type 2 is described as repeated attacks of liver dysfunction with remission. This syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any child with symptoms of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy.AbstractInfantile liver failure syndrome 2 is described as recurrent attacks of liver dysfunction. ILFS2 should be included in the differential diagnosis of children with frequent and acute liver failure. We present a 2.5‐year‐old boy with clinical manifestation of acute liver failure. In past, he had two similar attacks.
Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Manganese(I) Complexes in Catalytic N‐Formylation/N‐Methylation of Amines Using Carbon Dioxide and Phenylsilane
Authors: Masaro Chiara , Meloni Giammarco , Baron Marco , Graiff Claudia , Tubaro Cristina , Royo Beatriz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA series of six Mn(I) complexes with general formula [MnBr(bisNHC)(CO)3], having a bidentate bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligand (bisNHC), has been developed by varying the bridging group between the NHC donors, the nitrogen wingtip substituents and the heterocyclic ring. The synthesis of the complexes has been accomplished by in situ transmetalation of the bisNHC from the corresponding silver(I) complexes. Removal of the bromide anion affords the corresponding solvento complexes [Mn(bisNHC)(CO)3(CH3CN)](BF4). The influence of the bisNHC structure on its electron donor ability has been evaluated by FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, both in the neutral and cationic complexes. Finally, the isolated Mn(I)‐bisNHC complexes have been employed as homogeneous catalysts in the reductive N‐formylation and N‐methylation of amines with CO2 as C1 source and phenylsilane as reducing agent, showing a high selectivity for the N‐methylated product. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that, in the adopted reaction conditions, the formylated product can be formed via different reaction pathways, either metal‐catalyzed or not, while the methylation reaction requires the use of the Mn(I) catalyst.
Highly Flexible and Self‐Healing Supercapacitor Enabled by Physically Crosslinking Polymer Hydrogel Electrolyte
Authors: Hua Kaihao , Xin Qing , Lin Jun , Liang Shangqing , Yang Guoqing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPreparation of flexible supercapacitors with excellent mechanical properties and self‐healing properties is of great significance but still remains a challenge. A self‐healable conductive hydrogel based on poly N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide (PHEAA) is fabricated as electrolyte for supercapacitors. The design of the physically cross‐linked dual network, and rich hydrogen bonds endow the hydrogel with robust mechanical properties and strong self‐healing ability. The hydrogel exhibited an excellent stretchability (723 %) and a high ionic conductivity (21.8 mS/cm). Specially, by in situ growth of electrode film, a non‐laminated supercapacitor is obtained with flexibility and self‐healing ability. Due to the non‐laminated structure, the supercapacitor can work stably under bending and punching. The supercapacitor possessed an areal capacitance of 253.1 mF/cm2 and the capacitance retention was 80 % after five cutting‐healing cycles. The pseudo‐capacitance contribution of the supercapacitor after self‐healing was discussed. It is noteworthy that the supercapacitor maintains the ability to power a clock after self‐healing.
Acidic Electrocatalytic Semihydrogenation of Alkynols to Alkenols on Copper Phosphide at Industrial‐Level Current Density
Authors: Yang Sanyin , Bu Jun , Bai Rui , Lin Jin , An Siying , Wu Yafei , Guo Ying , Gao Jie , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive SummaryAlkenols are important intermediates for the industrial manufacture of various commodities and fine chemicals. At present, alkenols are produced via thermocatalytic semihydrogenation of corresponding alkynols using precious metal Pd‐based catalysts in pressurized hydrogen atmosphere. In this work, we highlight an efficient electrocatalytic strategy for selectively reducing alkynols to alkenols under ambient conditions. Using 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol as a model alkynol, Cu3P nanoarrays anchored on Cu foam remarkably deliver an industrial‐level partial current density of 0.79 A·cm–2 and a specific selectivity of 98% for 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol in acidic solution. Over a 40‐runs stability test, Cu3P nanoarrays maintain 90% alkynol conversion and 90% alkenol selectivity. Even in a large two‐electrode flow electrolyser, the single‐pass alkynol conversion and alkenol selectivity of Cu3P nanoarrays exceed 90%. Moreover, this selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation approach is broadly feasible for the production of various water‐soluble alkenols. Electrochemical analyses, theoretical simulation and electrochemical in‐situ infrared investigations together reveal that exothermic alkynol hydrogenation, facile alkenol desorption and formation of active H on Cu3P surfaces account for the excellent electrocatalytic performance.
Machine learning‐based regional flood frequency analysis of Indian watersheds
Authors: Mangukiya Nikunj K. , Kumar Abhishek , Sharma Ashutosh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEstimates of the flood quantile for ungauged watersheds are crucial for water resources management but challenging due to the nonlinear complex hydrological system. For ungauged watersheds, estimating flood quantiles relies on various interdependent physiometeorological variables, many of which are not adequately considered in regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA). In this study, we utilized the random forest (RF) and support vector regression (SVR) algorithms, which can learn the nonlinear relationship between the physiometeorological variables and flood quantiles for RFFA. Thirteen physiometeorological variables that were not collectively employed before were used to estimate the 10‐year, 50‐year, and 100‐year return period flood quantiles (Q10, Q50, and Q100), respectively, for 39 watersheds spread across India. The RF and SVR models were trained on 29 (75%) watersheds to estimate individual flood quantiles and were subsequently tested on the remaining ten (25%) ungauged watersheds. The R2 achieved by RF is 0.862, 0.813, and 0.845, and SVR is 0.807, 0.793, and 0.789 for Q10, Q50, and Q100, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that RF can effectively learn the nonlinear relationships, while SVR with a linear kernel requires further improvement to estimate reliable flood quantiles. The study demonstrates that machine learning algorithms, with appropriate physiometeorological input datasets, can be used to estimate flood quantiles even in the sparse data region.
Screening Campaign and Docking Investigations in Identifying New Hit Compounds as Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases Expressed In Tumour Cells
Authors: Ricci Federico , Angeli Andrea , Mancuso Francesca , De Luca Laura , Supuran Claudiu T. , Gitto Rosaria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe tumor‐expressed human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms hCA IX and hCA XII have been extensively studied to develop anticancer agents targeting solid tumors in combined therapy. These CA  isoforms are considered key factors in controlling tumor microenvironment (TME) of cancer lines that develop high metastatic activity. Herein, we report the discovery of potent hCA IX/hCA XII inhibitors that were disclosed through a screening campaign on an in‐house collection of arylsulfonamides preliminary tested toward other hCAs. Among them, the N‐(4‐sulfamoylphenyl)naphthalene‐2‐carboxamide (12) and N‐(4‐sulfamoylphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline‐2(1H)‐carbothioamide (15) proved to be the most intriguing hCA IX/hCA XII inhibitors displaying favourable selectivity ratios over widespread hCA I and hCA II isoforms. To explore their binding mode, we conducted docking studies that described the poses of the best inhibitors in the catalytic site of hCA IX and hCA XII, thus suggesting the privileged pattern of interactions. These structural findings might further improve the knowledge for a successful identification of new sulfonamides as adjuvant agents in cancer management.
Clinician perspectives on patient‐centered conversations about weight management with patients with early breast cancer
Authors: Nyrop Kirsten A. , Kelly Erin A. , Teal Randall , Muss Hyman B. , Charlot Marjory 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to gather detailed insights from breast cancer (BC) clinicians on how to have patient‐centered conversations about weight and weight management with women diagnosed with early BC. A high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for female BC, and many women diagnosed with BC experience unhealthy weight gain after their primary treatment. The oncology team has the opportunity to discuss the importance of healthy weight for BC prognosis and survival.MethodsThe sample of community‐based BC clinicians included the following: three Black clinicians, three White clinicians, and two clinicians who were neither Black nor White; six females and two males; and six MDs and two physician assistants or nurse practitioners. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with these clinicians regarding their experience with and insights into having healthy weight conversations during routine clinic visits.ResultsClinicians noted that weight‐related conversations should focus less on BMI and weight loss and more on “healthy behavior.” Clinicians looked for cues from their patients as to when they were ready for “healthy weight” counseling, receptive to diet/nutrition counseling and referrals, and ready to attempt behavioral change. Clinicians noted that encouraging physical activity could be especially challenging with patients accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle.ConclusionsClinic‐based conversations about healthy weight are likely to be most productive for both patients and their treating oncologists during the post–primary treatment phase when patients are most receptive to behavioral change that enhances their prognosis and survival.
NUT carcinoma of the submandibular gland: A case report
Authors: Rota Simone , Quattrone Pasquale , Centonze Giovanni , Dagrada Gianpaolo , Ottini Arianna , Colombo Elena , Nuzzolese Imperia , Calareso Giuseppina , Franceschini Marzia , Iacovelli Nicola Alessandro , Perrone Federica , Tamborini Elena , Cavalieri Stefano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNUT carcinoma (NUTc) is a rare and aggressive malignant epithelial tumor characterized by rearrangement of the NUT gene on chromosome 15q14.MethodsIn this article, we present the fifth case worldwide of a young woman affected by a NUTc arising from a submandibular gland, presenting as a rapidly evolving mass. She underwent a right scialoadenectomy and received the initial diagnosis of high‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Due to evidence of local recurrence at magnetic resonance imaging 1 month later, a subsequent right radical neck dissection was performed. The patient then sought a second opinion at our cancer center and finally received the correct diagnosis of NUT carcinoma. Given the well‐known aggressive behavior of this neoplasm, as well as clinical and radiological features, she underwent adjuvant chemo‐radiation (intensity‐modulated radiotherapy + concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin).ResultsAfter a disease‐free interval of 2.6 months, a widespread metastatic disease led to rapid deterioration of performance status and patient death in a few weeks after metastatic onset.ConclusionsWe presented a case of NUTc arising from salivary gland aiming to improve the knowledge of this rare malignancy. First, we pointed out that in the setting of rare tumors like salivary gland cancers, the diagnosis should be obtained by expert pathologists, and patients should be referred to tertiary cancer centers for their clinical management. Second, molecular profiling may help to identify possible druggable targets that may be exploited to treat patients suffering from this aggressive malignancy. Sharing the molecular data provided in this case will be useful for further research.