bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Surface Properties by Isopropanol Decomposition Reaction and NH3‐TPD over Ni−Fe Spinel Nanoparticles Prepared via Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Benrabaa Rafik , Rubbens Annick , Löfberg Axel , Vannier Rose‐Noëlle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, surface properties evaluated by catalytic conversion of isopropanol and by ammonia Temperature Programmed Reduction (NH3‐TPD) over ferrite spinel nanoparticles was investigated. Bulk NiFe2O4 with specific surface area 114 m2/g and crystallites size 6 nm was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using nitrates as precursors. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, specific surface area by B.E.T, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray energy dispersive microanalysis (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were used for their structural and textural characterizations. The reducibility by hydrogen at variable temperatures was investigated by Temperature Programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis‐ Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA‐DSC). The total acidity and acid strength distribution was determined by NH3‐TPD. The synthesized oxide showed the presence of mixed phases containing the inverse spinel structure NiFe2O4 as the major phase and iron oxide α‐Fe2O3 as an additional phase. It was shown that the surface of the powder was richer in Ni2+ species. The surface acidity (Brönsted and Lewis) determined by NH3‐TPD showed that the number of acidic sites increased dramatically with the temperature. The catalytic conversion of isopropanol yields both acidic and redox/basic sites were available. A good correlation between textural, structural, redox and acid‐base properties of catalyst is established.
Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation “Catalyzed” by Ion‐Pair Constituents
Authors: Giammarco Massimo , Naumkin Fedor Y. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReported here is an ab initio modelling of C−C bonding in halocarbon molecules, with alkali‐metal atoms attached. The studied systems feature metal‐halide counterion pairs appearing along the way. Their electric field leads to a mutual attraction, as well as influences the process directly. Such a combination favours bonding of reactants over significantly reduced potential energy barriers. The process involves uncommon species including a counterintuitive isomer of a metal‐halocarbon system bound via “collective” ionic bonds, an intermediate charge‐transfer complex exhibiting an unusual hyper‐coordinated carbon, and possible another (also uncommon) intermediate insertion complex with a molecule trapped between counterions. The overall reaction involves an “umbrella”‐type inversion of bonds and recombination of framing metal‐halide ion‐pair around insert. The process could be tracked via IR spectra at all stages, from reactants through intermediates to products. This could enable experimental detection of relevant species formation, their differentiation, and monitoring overall system evolution.
An attack volume metric
Authors: Iganibo Ibifubara , Albanese Massimiliano , Mosko Marc , Bier Eric , Brito Alejandro E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor more than a decade, the notion of attack surface has been used to define the set of vulnerable assets that an adversary may exploit to penetrate a system, and various metrics have been developed to quantify the extent of a system's attack surface. However, most approaches to tackle this problem have failed to consider the complex interdependencies that exist between the many components of a distributed system, its vulnerabilities, and its configuration parameters. In our work, building upon previous research on vulnerability metrics and on graphical models to capture such interdependencies, we propose a novel approach to evaluate the potential risk associated with exposed vulnerabilities by studying how the effect of each vulnerability exploit propagates through chains of dependencies. Our analysis goes beyond the scope of traditional attack surface metrics, and considers the depth and implications of potential attacks, leading to the definition of a new family of metrics, which we refer to as attack volume metrics. We present experimental results illustrating how the proposed metric scales for graphs of realistic sizes, and illustrate its application to real‐world testbeds.
Analysis and Design of a Novel Doubly SalientPMMotor Based on Parallel Path Magnetic Technology
Authors: Yang Yang , Ju Hehua , Wang Kaimeng , Guo Zhenhao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel doubly salient PM motor based on parallel path magnetic technology (PPMT) is presented. PPMT is an advanced magnetic control technology, which can be applied to linear and rotary actuators. First, the fundamental principle of the PPMT prototype is elaborated, and then a comprehensive research and analysis of PPMT motor is carried out, with particular emphasis on machine topology, operation principle and electromagnetic performance. The equivalent no‐load PM magnetic circuit model is established and equations for calculating the main PM flux are derived. Besides, a dual‐stator 6‐pole PPMT motor prototype has been developed to valid the analysis. According to the similarity of topology and operation principle, comparison between the FSPM machine and PPMT machine is conducted, which leads to the conclusion that the PPMT motor has lower cogging torque, lower torque ripple and better sine back EMF waveform, the PPMT motor is more suitable for servo applications compared to FSPM motor. Finally, to improve the power density of PPMT motor, FE parametric modeling method for designing the three coupled stator parameters, which are the PM width, the stator yoke width and the second airgap length is given out. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Age estimation of puppies based on the radiographically assessed development of ossification centres in the carpal and metacarpal regions
Authors: Van den Broeck Martine , Chen Yao , Cornillie Pieter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe need for proper age determination in puppies has increased enormously due to the growing illegal trade in puppies that are too young to be removed from the litter or too young to have been properly vaccinated against rabies.MethodsDorsopalmar and mediolateral radiographs of the (meta)carpal region, either taken from puppy cadavers or from the Faculty's patient database, were studied in a cross‐sectional study of 252 puppies of various sizes, aged 6–212 days. The appearance and development of ossification centres as a function of age in five regions of interest in the (meta)carpal region were scored using a two‐ to six‐step scoring system based on shape and delineation.ResultsA positive correlation with age was found for all investigated regions. Intra‐ and interrater agreement between two observers was excellent, except for the distal epiphyses of the metacarpal bones. Postnatal ossification started after the second week of life with the carpal bones, closely followed by the radial trochlea. All ossification centres were present in all puppies from 84 days, except for the sesamoid bone in the tendon of the long abductor muscle of the first digit. Timing of appearance differed significantly between different sized breeds. There were no significant differences between the sexes.LimitationsAge distribution was not balanced for all breed size classes.ConclusionsThe radiographic timing of the appearance and development of ossification centres in the carpal region is a promising method for age estimation in puppies.
Attitudes of The Wildlife Society members toward uses of wildlife
Authors: Menale Rachel , Riley Shawn J. , Organ John F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale sociological, geographic, and demographic changes affect the way people interact with and value wildlife. Beliefs and attitudes of stakeholders towards wildlife and uses of wildlife are also shifting along with these geographical and demographic changes. Changes in societal or professional attitudes toward uses of wildlife has potential to create alignment issues between wildlife professionals and society. To inform deliberations within The Wildlife Society (TWS) and the larger population of conservation professionals, we assessed and compared the change over time between 1998 and 2020 in value orientations, beliefs, and attitudes toward uses of wildlife and wildlife management practices of members of TWS as a proxy for practicing wildlife professionals. We administered a Qualtrics web‐based survey (n = 3,247), January–March 2020. Respondents closely approximated TWS membership demographically, who identified as male (59.7%) and female (37.7%), and geographically within 50 U.S. states at the time of the survey. Results indicated wildlife conservation professionals express as broad of a spectrum of beliefs, albeit shifting, about consumptive uses of wildlife in hunting and trapping much as they did 2 decades ago. Change in attitudes and beliefs was modest but mutualistic or protectionist beliefs and attitudes increased, especially among younger professionals, toward the ethical acceptability of harvested animals involving fair chase and sportsmanship (72% in 1998; 93.2% in 2020), and in expressed acceptance of regulated hunting and trapping. Our work provides insights into potential focus areas of training and education, such as Conservation Leaders for Tomorrow and Trapping Matters.
Free‐ranging Southern anteater mating behavior: Contribution to Tamandua natural history
Authors: Bertassoni Alessandra , Catapani Mariana L. , Landis Mariana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObserving behavior in wild Southern Anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) allows Xenarthran researchers to gain perspective on natural history of this neotropical scansorial species. We describe the use of the prehensile tail to facilitate copulation for a pair in southeastern Brazil, a novel observation for this species. This detailed account of mating behavior in lesser anteaters is one of very few in the literature and contributes to basic knowledge of this group.
The gaugino condensate from asymmetric four-torus with twists
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Poppitz Erich 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We calculate the gaugino condensate in SU(2) super Yang-Mills theory on an asymmetric four-torus 𝕋4 with ’t Hooft’s twisted boundary conditions. The 𝕋4 asymmetry is controlled by a dimensionless detuning parameter ∆, proportional to L3L4 − L1L2, with Li denoting the 𝕋4 periods. We perform our calculations via a path integral on a 𝕋4. Its size is taken much smaller than the inverse strong scale Λ and the theory is well inside the semi-classical weak-coupling regime. The instanton background, constructed for ∆ ≪ 1 in [1], has fractional topological charge $$ Q=\frac{1}{2} $$
Q
=

1
2

and supports two gaugino zero modes, yielding a non-vanishing bilinear condensate, which we find to be ∆-independent. Further, the theory has a mixed discrete chiral/1-form center anomaly leading to double degeneracy of the energy eigenstates on any size torus with ’t Hooft twists. In particular, there are two vacua, ∣0〉 and ∣1〉, that are exchanged under chiral transformation. Using this information, the ∆-independence of the condensate, and assuming further that the semi-classical theory is continuously connected to the strongly-coupled large-𝕋4 regime, we determine the numerical coefficient of the gaugino condensate: 〈0|trλλ|0〉 = ∣〈1|trλλ|1〉∣ = 32π2Λ3, a result equal to twice the known ℝ4 value. We discuss possible loopholes in the continuity approach that may lead to this discrepancy.
Webs of 3d 𝒩 = 2 dualities with D-type superpotentials
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Rota Simone 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study 3d 𝒩 = 2 dualities arising from the compactification of 4d 𝒩 = 1 Usp(2n) SQCD with two antisymmetric rank-two tensors and Dk+2-type superpotential, with odd k. The analysis is carried out by using field theory methods and by checking the various steps on the three sphere partition function. Most of the results are based on a conjectural confining duality that we do not prove but that fits consistently with the web of dualities that we obtain. Along the analysis we recover dualities already claimed in the literature and we propose new ones. The final picture that emerges fits with the general scheme worked out for ordinary SQCD and for adjoint SQCD with Ak-type superpotentials.
On the classical integrability of Poisson-Lie T-dual WZW models
Authors: Bascone Francesco , Pezzella Franco , Vitale Patrizia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider the integrability of a two-parameter deformation of the Wess-Zumino-Witten model, previously introduced in relation with Poisson-Lie T-duality. The resulting family of Poisson-Lie dual models is shown to be integrable by using the Maillet r/s formalism.
Freezing-in hadrophilic dark matter at low reheating temperatures
Authors: Bhattiprolu Prudhvi N. , Elor Gilly , McGehee Robert , Pierce Aaron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIf the reheating temperature at the end of inflation is low, of order 10 MeV, then dark matter produced through ultraviolet freeze-in has a large direct detection cross section. We study such a scenario in which dark matter is hadrophilic. This leads to dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections of interest for near-future experiments for dark matter masses in the range of 100 keV–100 MeV. We explore how these predictions vary if reheating is non-instantaneous.
An outsider’s perspective on information recovery in de Sitter space
Authors: Aalsma Lars , Aguilar-Gutierrez Sergio E. , Sybesma Watse 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEntanglement islands play a crucial role in our understanding of how Hawking radiation encodes information in a black hole, but their relevance in cosmological spacetimes is less clear. In this paper, we continue our investigation of information recovery in de Sitter space and construct a two-dimensional model of gravity containing a domain wall that interpolates between de Sitter space and Rindler space. The Rindler wedges introduce weakly-gravitating asymptotic regions from which de Sitter space can be probed, yielding an outside perspective of the cosmological horizon. In contrast to earlier works, backreaction effects are under control by considering a quantum state that only breaks the thermal equilibrium of the Bunch-Davies state for a finite time. This allows information to be decoded from the Gibbons-Hawking radiation in a controlled fashion.
Molecular dynamics study of Cl− permeation through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
Authors: Zeng Zhi Wei , Linsdell Paul , Pomès Régis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe recent elucidation of atomistic structures of Cl− channel CFTR provides opportunities for understanding the molecular basis of cystic fibrosis. Despite having been activated through phosphorylation and provided with ATP ligands, several near-atomistic cryo-EM structures of CFTR are in a closed state, as inferred from the lack of a continuous passage through a hydrophobic bottleneck region located in the extracellular portion of the pore. Here, we present repeated, microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations of human CFTR solvated in a lipid bilayer and aqueous NaCl. At equilibrium, Cl− ions enter the channel through a lateral intracellular portal and bind to two distinct cationic sites inside the channel pore but do not traverse the narrow, de-wetted bottleneck. Simulations conducted in the presence of a strong hyperpolarizing electric field led to spontaneous Cl− translocation events through the bottleneck region of the channel, suggesting that the protein relaxed to a functionally open state. Conformational changes of small magnitude involving transmembrane helices 1 and 6 preceded ion permeation through diverging exit routes at the extracellular end of the pore. The pore bottleneck undergoes wetting prior to Cl− translocation, suggesting that it acts as a hydrophobic gate. Although permeating Cl− ions remain mostly hydrated, partial dehydration occurs at the binding sites and in the bottleneck. The observed Cl− pathway is largely consistent with the loci of mutations that alter channel conductance, anion binding, and ion selectivity, supporting the model of the open state of CFTR obtained in the present study.
A quantitative approach to the intersectional study of mental health inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic in UK young adults
Authors: Moreno-Agostino Darío , Woodhead Charlotte , Ploubidis George B. , Das-Munshi Jayati 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Mental health inequalities across social identities/positions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been mostly reported independently from each other or in a limited way (e.g., at the intersection between age and sex or gender). We aim to provide an inclusive socio-demographic mapping of different mental health measures in the population using quantitative methods that are consistent with an intersectional perspective.

Methods
Data included 8,588 participants from two British cohorts (born in 1990 and 2000–2002, respectively), collected in February/March 2021 (during the third UK nationwide lockdown). Measures of anxiety and depressive symptomatology, loneliness, and life satisfaction were analysed using Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) models.

Results
We found evidence of large mental health inequalities across intersectional strata. Large proportions of those inequalities were accounted for by the additive effects of the variables used to define the intersections, with some of the largest gaps associated with sexual orientation (with sexual minority groups showing substantially worse outcomes). Additional inequalities were found by cohort/generation, birth sex, racial/ethnic groups, and socioeconomic position. Intersectional effects were observed mostly in intersections defined by combinations of privileged and marginalised social identities/positions (e.g., lower-than-expected life satisfaction in South Asian men in their thirties from a sexual minority and a disadvantaged childhood social class).

Conclusion
We found substantial inequalities largely cutting across intersectional strata defined by multiple co-constituting social identities/positions. The large gaps found by sexual orientation extend the existing evidence that sexual minority groups were disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Study implications and limitations are discussed.
Incidence of mental disorders in the general population aged 1–30 years disaggregated by gender and socioeconomic status
Authors: Mar Javier , Larrañaga Igor , Ibarrondo Oliver , González-Pinto Ana , las Hayas Carlota , Fullaondo Ane , Izco-Basurko Irantzu , Alonso Jordi , Zorrilla Iñaki , Vilagut Gemma , Mateo-Abad Maider , de Manuel Esteban ,   the UPRIGHT Consortium, González Nerea , Martínez Patricia Pérez , Vergara Itziar , Fernández-Sevillano Jessica , Gabrielli Silvia , Rizzi Silvia , Zwiefka Antoni , Krzyżanowski Dominik , Mazur Iwona , Jakubowska Luba , Poteralska Renata , Czyż Piotr , Andruszko Urszula , Błasiak Paweł , Krajewska Katarzyna , Pytlarz Grzegorz , Szczygieł-Grüdl Ilona , Hjemdal Odin , Morote Roxanna , Anyan Frederick , Gudmundsdottir Dora Gudrun , Karlsdottir Solveig , Knoop Hans Henrik , Ledertoug Mette Marie , Tidmand Louise , Olafsdottir Anna Sigridur , Arnfjord Unnur B , Jonsdottir Bryndis Jona 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and age of onset of mental disorders diagnosed by gender and socioeconomic status (SES) in children, adolescents, and young adults up to 30 years of age in the whole population of the Basque Country (Spain).

Methods
All mental health diagnoses documented in Basque Health Service records from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2018, were classified into eight clusters: anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorders, depression, psychosis/personality disorders, substance use, eating disorders, and self-harm. We calculated incidence and cumulative incidence for each cluster, disaggregated by gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). Poisson regression analyses were performed.

Results
Overall, 9,486,853 person-years of observation were available for the 609,281 individuals included. ADHD and conduct disorders were diagnosed in the first decade, anxiety and depression disorders in the second and third decades, and psychosis/personality and substance use in the third. The cumulative incidence at 18 years of age for any type of disorder was 15.5%. The group with low SES had a statistically significantly higher incidence of all eight clusters. The incidence of ADHD, conduct disorders, depression, psychosis/personality disorders, and substance use was higher in males and that of anxiety, eating disorders and self-harm was higher in females.

Conclusions
The incidence of mental disorders is high among children, adolescents, and young adults in the Basque Country underlining the need for preventive interventions. Marked differences by gender and SES highlight mental health inequalities, especially for depression and psychosis in low SES males.
Cephalopods, a gap in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive and their future integration
Authors: Bobowski Bianca T. C. , Power Anne Marie , Pierce Graham J. , Moreno Ana , Iriondo Ane , Valeiras Julio , Sokolova Inna M. , Oesterwind Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the aim of maintaining or obtaining good environmental status in the Northeast Atlantic and northern Mediterranean Sea, the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (EU-MSFD) came into force in 2008. All EU Member States (MS) have the task of assessing the current state of their adjacent waters to guarantee sustainable use of marine resources and healthy ecosystems for the current and future generations. Although the MSFD has been implemented for over a decade, there are still gaps in the assessment of various ecologically and commercially important marine species, such as cephalopods. Here we describe the status of cephalopods, a key component of marine ecosystems and a valuable fishing resource, within the MSFD. To do so, we review how MS deal with this group in their reporting and identify and explain the gaps in the cephalopod assessment. We describe the main challenges including the limited data and the rarity of dedicated surveys on cephalopods. However, we argue that cephalopods can be partially integrated into the EU-MSFD assessment, illustrating the current opportunities and future possibilities of their integration into the MSFD, mainly using Descriptors 1–4.
Graphical abstract