bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in freshly diagnosed alcohol-dependence syndrome patients from an industry
Authors: Gupta Anindya Kumar , Kumar Amit , Chandrashekhar N. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Studies have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could be efficacious in the treatment of major depression and other psychiatric indications. Alcohol-dependence syndrome is difficult to treat, and the relapse rate is high, even following the standard treatment protocol. No study has been done so far in India for the use of rTMS as an adjuvant therapy in the relapse prevention of patients with alcohol-dependence syndrome. Hence, the current study is an open-label study to explore the same.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to study the feasibility of rTMS in alcohol-dependence syndrome patients, the side effects if any, and the number of relapses that they may suffer from vis-a-vis patients with standard treatment protocols.

Materials and Methods:
In a prospective, open-label study design, 100 freshly diagnosed cases of alcohol-dependence syndrome were included, and after suitable randomization, half of them were given adjuvant rTMS along with standard treatment and the rest received only standard treatment. The rates of relapse into drinking were compared for both groups. The data were compiled and analyzed with appropriate statistical methods.

Results:
Participants given adjuvant rTMS showed significantly less number of relapses into drinking compared to the control group on standard treatment for alcohol-dependence syndrome.

Conclusion:
In the present study, though the sample size is small, a significant change with this novel treatment has been found. Whether this change is maintained over a period of time is to be seen by other longitudinal studies.
Psychiatric morbidity in individuals with permanent orthopedic disability
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Goyal Ekram , Singh Vivek Pratap , Chaudhury Suprakash , Puria Alka 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Individuals with permanent orthopedic disability present with a number of physical and mental health issues. Psychiatric illnesses have been seen more frequently among people with disabilities as compared to normal population.

Aim:
To study psychiatric morbidity among people with permanent orthopedic disability.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational, hospital-based study was conducted at the department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college during January 01, 2018, to December 31, 2018. The study included subjects over the age of 18 years comprising two groups: Group A (n = 50) including consecutive subjects with orthopedic disability and Group B (n = 50) including normal age- and sex-matched controls. Permission was obtained from the institutional ethics committee before the start of the study. Prior informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Sociodemographic variables were recorded, and psychiatric morbidity was screened on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

Results:
62% (n = 31) of subjects in Group A had psychiatric morbidity as compared to Group B (22%, n = 11). Maximum psychiatric morbidity noted among subjects with disability was generalized anxiety disorder (22%, n = 11), followed by major depressive disorder (20%, n = 10) and alcohol dependence (18%, n = 9). Substance dependence was more in Group A (34%, n = 17) as compared to Group B (18%, n = 9). The most common substance dependence was for alcohol (18%, n = 9), followed by opioids (8%, n = 4) and tobacco (6%, n = 3).

Conclusion:
Psychiatric morbidity including substance dependence is more common among people with orthopedic disability as compared to normal control subjects.
A correlational study between perceived parenting style, psychological well-being, and emotional intelligence among adolescents
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Shukla Priyanka , Padhi Debasish , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In many reviews, it is found that parental responsiveness, parental emotion-related coaching, and parental positive demandingness are related to children's higher emotional intelligence (EI), while parental negative demandingness is related to children's lower EI. There is a lack of Indian work in this area.

Aim:
To study the role of EI and parenting style in predicting psychological well-being among adolescents in an Indian scenario.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out on 75 boys and 75 girls in the age range of 15–18 years and attending school. They were assessed with the sociodemographic data sheet, trait EI questionnaire, psychological well-being inventory, and parental authority questionnaire. After the administration on different scales, the scoring was done and data were analyzed with SPSS.

Results:
There were no gender differences in the scores of EI, psychological well-being, and self-reported parenting style scores. There was a significant positive co-relation between well being and authoritative, authoritarian and autonomy, positive relationship. and self acceptance. Authoritarian parenting style is highly correlated with EI in comparison to authoritative and permissive parenting styles.

Conclusion:
Authoritarian parenting style is most suitable for the development of EI and on the other hand, permissive parenting style has the least role in the development of EI. EI and parenting style are found to predict the psychological well-being in adolescents.
Sociodemographic, clinical profile, and psychiatric morbidities among patients with attempted suicide in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sahu Samiksha , Sahu R. N. , Agarwal Jaiprakash , Soni Ruchi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Suicide is a major public health concern and is considered one of the leading causes of death globally. Previous suicidal attempts can be considered as a predictor of underlying psychiatric illness. Identifying factors behind suicidal attempt can help mental health professionals for early diagnosis and treatment as well as designing effective suicide prevention strategies.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and prevalence of psychiatric morbidities among patients with attempted suicide.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of tertiary care hospital; patients of attempted suicide attending emergency from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2020, constituted the sample for the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire which contained sociodemographic and clinical variables. All the subjects were administered mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), MINI Kid was applied for subjects <18 years, and MINI Plus was applied for subjects above 18 years. Patients were diagnosed according to the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders for research.

Results:
Suicide attempt was seen more commonly in males, and the most common age group is between 21 and 40 years residing in urban settings. The most common method was consumption of unknown substances (75.35%). Factors leading to suicide are multidimensional in nature. 30.4% of the patients had impulsive traits. 86.5% of people who attempted suicide had a history of psychiatric illness. Detailed assessment of patients for psychiatric illness and psychosocial factors is crucial for planning suicide prevention strategies and policymaking.

Conclusions:
Young population is at high risk for suicide. More than 80% of these have diagnosable psychiatric illness.
Comparative safety and efficacy of tibolone and escitalopram in postmenopausal women
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Sharma Namita , Garg Rohit , Goyal Ekram 
Published: April 2023

Background:
A high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly depressive and anxiety disorders among women is observed through the postmenopausal stage.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of tibolone (TIB) and escitalopram (ESCIT) in postmenopausal women (PMW).

Materials and Methods:
It was an interventional, open-label, hospital-based, follow-up study conducted on 60 PMW with the diagnosis of depression as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-5 criteria. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 each, i.e. Group I (TIB-2.5 mg/day) and Group II (ESCIT-10–20 mg/day). The primary outcome was assessed for change in climacteric symptom scores on Greene's Climacteric Scale (GCS), severity of depression and anxiety on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and sexual functioning on Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX). The secondary outcome of well-being was assessed on World Health Organization Quality of life (QOL)-BREF. All the observations were carried out from baseline and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results:
Both the groups showed significant improvement in climacteric and depressive symptoms. However, at the 8th and 12th weeks, mean ± standard deviation scores were significantly lower in Group I (GCS score - 24.80 ± 4.92, 20.30 ± 3.56; HAM-D score - 16.57 ± 5.83, 10.2 ± 5.67) compared to Group II (GCS score - 27.27 ± 5.83 and 23.33 ± 5.70, HAM-D score - 19.97 ± 7.98 and 16.17 ± 10.11). No significant difference between the groups was seen for anxiety on HAM-A scores. Only in Group I, there was significant improvement in ASEX scores. QoL in Group I had shown significant improvement in physical and psychological domain compared to Group II at different time interval, i.e. 4th and 8th week onward. In Group I, Alternative Dispute Resolution was reported to be 23.3%, whereas it was 56.7% in Group II. However, none were serious to warrant discontinuation.

Conclusion:
TIB was better than ESCIT in improving depression, climacteric symptoms, and physical and psychological domain of QoL with an additional benefit of restoring sexual functioning.
Knowledge and practices related to menstruation among tribal adolescent girls
Authors: Kumari Shantna , Sood Sunaina , Davis Supriya , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Despite the fact that every girl has to deal with menstrual hygiene, there is a lack of awareness about the process of menstruation and proper menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls, especially from tribal backgrounds.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices related to menstruation among tribal (Munda) adolescent girls.

Materials and Methods:
This was a community-based cross-sectional study. The sample for the study consisted of 150 girls belonging to Munda tribe in the age group of 13–18 years, recruited by purposive sampling from various schools of Khunti district of Jharkhand state. Interview guide was predeveloped, validated, and used to study the knowledge and practices related to menstruation among adolescent girls. The data were collected by a personal interview of the study subjects.

Results:
The mean age of menarche of the study subjects was 14.1 years. It was evident that only 48.67% of the participants were aware about menstruation before menarche and the most important source of the information about menstruation for them was their friends (53.33%) followed by mothers.

Conclusions:
Knowledge about menstruation is poor among tribal adolescent girls and practices included various myths and misconceptions.
Caregiver burden among working women and homemakers taking care of psychiatric patients
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Puria Alka , Kumar Ajay , Chaudhury Suprakash , Goyal Ekram , Singh Vivek Partap 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Caregiver burden is defined as the physical, psychological or emotional, social, and financial problem that can be experienced by the members of family caring for impaired person. In India, women are twice more likely to become caregivers than men, despite emergence of men as caregivers.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess burden of illness among working women and homemakers taking care of psychiatric patients.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on the caregivers who were recruited from outdoor patient department of psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college. Women who were 30–45 years old, working or homemakers and who were taking care of psychiatric patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and Bipolar affective disorder (BAPD) of either sex. Caregivers were first-degree relatives of patients. Sociodemographic data were recorded using a special performa and caregiver burden was assessed using caregiver burden questionnaire.

Results:
Overall mean caregiver burden scores in Group 1 and Group 2 were 55.66 ± 4.09 and 58.16 ± 3.97, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Caregiver burden was more among working women compared to homemaker women.
Pattern of burden on the family of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Khatoon Khurshida , Dhamija Sana , Gupta Nishtha , Padhi Debashis , Kiran Manisha , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The concept of burden of care came from the realm of behavioral sciences primarily in the context of looking after a psychiatrically ill person. Caregivers of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) have to take over the totality of patient care since most of these patients are treated at home. As a result of this, they are exposed to negative consequences of caregiving.

Aim:
This study aims to assess and compare the pattern of burden among the families having patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on the outpatient department level at Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Science. This study included 30 patients with schizophrenia and equal number of age- and sex-matched patients with bipolar disorder. The diagnosis was made as per criteria of International Classification of Diseases 10 diagnostic criteria for research. Their caregivers who gave consent for their participation in the study and satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study by purposive sampling. Tools administered were socio-demographic datasheet and family burden inventory schedule.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
Total caregiver burden, financial burden, disruption of routine family activities, family leisure, family interaction, and subjective burden felt by caregiver were significantly more in caregivers of schizophrenia patients compared to caregivers of BPAD. There was no significant difference in the two areas of burden, i.e., effect on physical health of the caregivers and effect on mental health of caregivers.

Conclusion:
Caregivers of schizophrenia patients have significantly higher family burden as compared to caregivers of subjects with BPAD.
Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with sleep disturbance and low self- esteem among medical college students
Authors: Dhamija Sana , Shailaja B , Chaudhari Bhushan , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Use of smartphone is on the increase worldwide. They have revolutionized our lives to an extent that was unimaginable before the pandemic. Excessive use of smartphones reaching the levels of potential addiction among medical students and its relation to individual's sleep quality and self-esteem led us to study this prevalence.

Aim:
This stuay aimed to study the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with self-esteem and sleep disturbance in medical college students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross sectional analytical study was carried out and the prevalence of smartphone addiction, self- esteem, and sleep disturbance was measured using standardized questionnaires smartphone addiction scale short form, Rosenberg self esteem scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index assessment respectively.

Results:
Prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical college students was 52%. Smartphone addiction was seen more in boys than girls. There was a significant association between the smartphone addiction and sleep disturbance. However, there was no significant association between smartphone addiction and low self-esteem.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students is found to be high and is associated with poor sleep.
COVID-19 moral dilemmas viewed through Eastern and Western philosophy
Authors: Maggu Gaurav , Sharma Sandeep , Jaishy Rajon , Jangid Surabhi 
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 has been a considerable major stress factor and has led to a great increase in psychological illnesses. Literature related to spirituality and philosophy can provide solace in times like these. We have taken excerpts from Bhagwad Gita which is a spiritual and philosophical scripture, existential philosopher Albert Camus's La Peste and the myth of Sisyphus and writings of the philosopher Immanule Kant. These literary masterpieces can provide a wealth of guidance and solace to both the medical fraternity and affected people and their caregivers.
“We tell ourselves that pestilence is a mere bogy of the mind, a bad dream that will pass away. But it doesn't always pass away and from one bad dream to another, it is men who pass away.”
–Albert Camus
Coverage and compliance of mass drug administration (MDA) programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in an endemic district of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bashar Abu , Nandekar Sanket V. , Shrivastava Prerna , Singh Ravi Nandini , Srikrishnan Pushkar 
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:
Lymphatic filariasis is targeted for elimination in India through mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) combined with albendazole (ABZ). To assess the coverage, compliance and causes for non-compliance towards MDA in an endemic district of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), north India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional coverage evaluation survey was conducted in 24 rural and 6 urban clusters of Ghazipur district in eastern U.P. using multi-stage random sampling technique with probability proportional to estimated size (PPES). Data was collected in a semi-structured Performa from all the individuals in the selected households by interview technique. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with non-consumption of MDA drugs.

Results:
A total of 1422 individuals were surveyed from 30 randomly selected subunits of which 1401 (98.5%) were eligible for MDA at the time of the round. Majority of the participants were in the age-group of 15–59 years (67.0%) and were males (53.3%). The overall coverage of MDA (both drugs) among the eligible population in Ghazipur district was 58.5%. Compliance among those who had received both the drugs was 61.6% with effective coverage of 36.0%. The coverage was significantly higher in rural areas compared to the urban clusters (p<0.0001). The most common reason quoted for not consuming drugs was fear of side effects (34.9%). However, the incidence of adverse events among those who consumed the drugs was only 2.5%. None of the socio-demographic variables showed a significant association with the compliance to the drugs.

Interpretation & conclusion:
Coverage and compliance of MDA in Ghazipur district of U.P., India was found to be below satisfactory levels. Targeted Information Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns focusing on the safety of drugs and the necessity of MDA, and mass mobilization with effective monitoring and supervision is the need of the hour for effective coverage of MDA Programme.
Sero-molecular epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis virus in swine population of western Uttar Pradesh, India: Unraveling the geographical expansion of the virus
Authors: Kumar Santhosh S , Dhanze Himani , Mehta Deepa , Hussain Mir , Gupta Megha , Kumar M Suman 
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:
Swine is a good sentinel for forecast of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) outbreaks in humans. The present study was envisaged with objectives to know the sero-conversion period of JEV and to assess the prevalence of JEV in swine population of western Uttar Pradesh state of India.

Methods:
A total of 252 swine serum samples were screened using IgM ELISA over the period of one year to determine the sero-conversion rate and compared seasonally to check the transmission peak of virus. Further, 321 swine blood and serum samples were collected from all seven divisions of western Uttar Pradesh to determine prevalence of JEV using real time RT-PCR and ELISA.

Results:
Seasonal sero-conversion rate was high during monsoon and post-monsoon (32%) followed by winter (22.91%) and summer (10.71%) seasons. The sero-conversion was observed in all months indicating viral activity throughout the year in the region. The low degree of correlation was found between meteorological variables (day temperature, rainfall) and sero-conversion rate. A total of 52 samples (16.19%) were found positive by real time RT-PCR while sero-positivity of 29.91% was observed using IgG and IgM ELISA(s). The overall prevalence of JEV was 39.25%.

Interpretation & conclusion:
The presence of JEV was recorded throughout the year with peak occurrence during monsoon and post-monsoon season indicating that virus has spread its realm to western region of the state. The information generated in the present study will aid in initiating timely vector control measures and human vaccination program to mitigate risk of JEV infection in the region.
Susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) against insecticides of public health use in Delhi and NCR region, India
Authors: Prasad Pooja , Lata Suman , Kumar Dinesh , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Saxena Rekha , Arya Deepak Kumar , Singh Himmat 
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is a primary vector responsible for the transmission of various arboviral diseases in India. Without an effective drug or vaccine against these diseases, chemical insecticide-based vector control supplemented with source reduction remains the best option for their effective management. The development of insecticide resistance due to the continuous use of insecticides might affect the control operations.

Methods:
Adults and larvae of Aedes aegypti were collected from different localities in Delhi. Larvae were exposed to discriminating (0.02mg/l) and application (1mg/l) doses of temephos. WHO tube assay was conducted for F1 adults using impregnated insecticide papers of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), malathion, deltamethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin.

Results:
Larvae of Ae. aegypti were found resistant (76.0%) to the discriminating dose of temephos, whereas suscep-tible (100.0%) to the application dose of the temephos. Adult Aedes (Fl) mosquitoes were resistant to DDT (23.7%), malathion (90.5%), deltamethrin (76.0%), permethrin (96.2 %) cyfluthrin (85.5%), and lambda-cyhalothrin (94.0%).

Interpretation & conclusion:
Indoor residual spray is not used in Delhi for vector control. Resistance in Aedes might be due to pesticide usage for agricultural activities in peripheral regions of Delhi. There is a need to investigate more on the insecticide resistance mechanisms for indirect resistance development. Understanding the insecticide susceptibility status of urban vectors is critical for planning effective control strategies.