bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
تغليط سيبويه في كتابه بين الإنصاف والتهمة
Authors: م. د.مرتضى مزيد جبر  
Published: January 2023

أبدى المتقدمون من علماء العربية عناية كبيراً في كتاب سيبويه ، وكانوا فيه على ثلاث فرق :.
الأولى:. أيدته وارتضته حكما في القضايا اللغوية كلها وهي الفرقة الأكبر
الثانية :. شرحت الكتاب وأبوابه ، وحاولت ان تكون منصفة في نقده .
الثالثة :. طعنت فيه وسجلت عليه الاعتراضات وهي أصغر الفرق .
إنَّ البحث في أسباب الطعن والاعتراض على كتاب سيبويه انتهى الى جملة من الأسباب، كان أهمها غموض عبارة سيبويه ، واقتضابها وتنوع أبواب الكتاب من نحو وصرف وصوت ودلالة وكثرة آراء العلماء التي نقلها سيبويه وافتقار منهجية واضحة للكتاب كل ذلك جعل بعض العلماء يظنون باضطراب عبارة سيبويه وغلطها
The Importance of Theory and Scientific Theories for the Scientific Study of Genocide in the Context of the Contribution to the Development of the Science of Genocide
Authors: Qerimi Islam , Kastrati Shqipe , Maloku Ahmet , Gabela Omer , Maloku Elda 
Published: January 2023

The research problem is the importance of scientific theory and theories in the scientific study of genocide. The main objective and purpose of the work are to enable, through an appropriate, correct, and scientifically verified methodological approach, the acquisition of real scientific knowledge about the study of a very complex social phenomenon - genocide - and the contribution of scientific theory to this research, builds a separate scientific discipline - the science of genocide. The main results of the work are prerequisites for successful genocide research and the formation of a special science that would deal with this problem, it is necessary to develop theory and scientific theory as a basis for the development of genocide science because the underdevelopment of theoretical assumptions reflects the development of methodological empirical research and the limited use of research procedures, methods, and techniques. If the theoretical basis of empirical research is weaker, then the source of research knowledge is limited. This suggests that there is a direct causal relationship with the research results obtained, which calls into question their value and validity. The research conducted in this thesis has the characteristics of scientific theoretical research, which is necessarily qualitative in nature. As it is theoretical research of a qualitative nature, the qualitative method of document content analysis is mainly applied as one of the methods of data collection. In addition to this method, all the basic analytical-synthetic methods will be used as individual methods and in certain combinations, correlations, and relationships as necessary, as well as the hypothetico-deductive, axiomatic and comparative methods of the group of general scientific methods. The study will add to and complete the body of scientific information on genocide research.

Received: 18 September 2022 / Accepted: 25 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
Actual and future digital threats and their impact on civil and military cybersecurity management
Authors: Negulescu Oriana Helena , Doval Elena , Stefanescu Ana Roxana 
Published: January 2023

Objectives(1) What is the hacker community made up of and what are the main vulnerable industries? (2) What are the main types of digital threats and how are they characterized? (3) What are the vulnerabilities and damage caused by cyber-attacks? (4) What are the ways to detect digital threats? (5) What measures can be taken to prevent and avoid these attacks? (6) What does the cyber security management process consist of? (7) What cybersecurity evidence and trends can be selected?Methodsdocument analysis; data selection and assambly; synthesis; conceptualization; interpretation.ResultsThe research results are: a presentation of the hacker community and the main vulnerable industries; a brief definition of the types of digital threats; presentation of various vulnerabilities and damages caused by cyber-attacks; a selection of the ways to detect digital threats; a selection of the main measures to prevent and avoid these attacks; cybersecurity management process and a selection of evidence and trends regarding cyber security. Also, two conceptualizations are proposed: the approach to cyber risk management and 10 basic actions to prevent and avoid cyber risks.ConclusionsThe current and future situation is not encouraging for the management of organizations in terms of the risks caused by cyber-attacks, which are increasing significantly. The solution to prevent and avoid these threats is for civil and military organizations to implement Cybersecurity risk management.
The Relationship between Menstrual Patterns and Pain Scale in Endometriosis Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Usman Fatimah , Megan Reginia Rusli  , Eka Handayani Oktharina  , Kemas Yusuf Effendi  , Syifa Alkaf  
Published: January 2023

Background: Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the presence of tissue resembling the endometrium (uterine lining) outside the uterus. This causes a chronic inflammatory reaction that can result in the formation of scar tissue in the pelvis and other parts of the body. Pain is the most common clinical complaint in cases of endometriosis. Pain during menstruation is often confused with pain due to endometriosis, so treatment delays often occur. This study aimed to determine the relationship between menstrual patterns and pain in endometriosis patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
Methods: This was cross-sectional analytic observational study. A total of 55 research subjects participated in this study. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS version 25 software in univariate and bivariate.
Results: Menstrual cycle, duration, color, and volume of menstrual blood are not related to pain intensity in endometriosis patients.
Conclusion: There is no relationship between menstrual patterns and pain in endometriosis patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
Complex hiatal hernia with gastric volvulus associated
Authors: Pérez Naranjo P , Briones Bajaña FS 
Published: January 2023

Resumen

El vólvulo gástrico es una entidad rara pero potencialmente mortal, donde el estómago sufre una malrotación de todo o parte del mismo alrededor de uno de sus ejes, condicionando una obstrucción del tracto gastrointestinal superior con dilatación gástrica y riesgo de estrangulación. Las complicaciones pueden poner en peligro la vida del paciente, incluidas la necrosis y la perforación. Su diagnóstico suele ser tardío debido a sus síntomas inespecíficos, donde la evaluación de la viabilidad de la mucosa es esencial y la intervención quirúrgica urgente es obligatoria en caso de compromiso vascular.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to duodenal arteriovenous malformation
Authors: García Martínez A , Pavón Guerrero I , Campos Gonzaga L 
Published: January 2023

Resumen

Se trata de un varón de 60 años que ingresa en la unidad de Digestivo desde urgencias por presentar melenas desde hace una semana y anemia. Inicialmente se realizó estudio endoscópico que fue normal, por lo que se solicitó angiografía y TAC de abdomen, observándose una malformación arteriovenosa (MAV) en área duodenal. Mediante radiología intervencionista se embolizó la arteria gastroduodenal y sus ramas, con buen resultado posterior. Las MAV son lesiones vasculares que se caracterizan por carecer de lecho vascular y son una causa rara de hemorragia gastrointestinal. El tratamiento radiológico incluye la embolización con coils, siendo la cirugía necesaria en casos seleccionados.
Psychostimulant Drugs Abuse among Libyan Medical Students
Authors: Bukhatwa Salma , A elmabsout Ali , Elhouseni Nahla A. , Bennaser Hadel B. , Elfergany Sondos M. , Kashbour Aisha , Alyamani Eman 
Published: January 2023

The psychostimulant substances were used by medical students is a phenomenon partially well-known. The aim of present work was to find the prevalence of use and abuse of psychostimulant drugs among medical students. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted A structured questionnaire about potential use of caffeine, nicotine, and amphetamine as psychostimulant drugs use, was distributed by electronic means (google forms), among medical students from various levels at different faculties from 18 Libyan medical universities. A total of 752 students responded to the study. About 81.6% of respondents were caffeine users, 13.4% smokers and 6.8% were amphetamines consumers. More than 50% of Caffeine consumers reported increase in their caffeine consumption after started their university studies and 66.9% of nicotine consumers reported increase in nicotine consumption after started their university studies while 81.1% of amphetamine consumers reported that taking amphetamine only since they have started the university studies. About 73.5% of respondents have consume caffeine mainly during examination period. Furthermore, nicotine consumers reported different reasons for being smokers. About 52% of amphetamine consumers abuse amphetamine mainly during examination period. Nearly 47.3% of caffeine consumers reported their intention to quit caffeine intake but only 24.3% succeeded to quit. Similarly, 64.4% of nicotine consumers reported their intention to quit smoking but only 25.4% of them succeeded to quit. For amphetamine consumer approximately 39.4% have intention to quit amphetamine intake however only about 27.8% of them succeeded to quit. The use of psychostimulant substances by medical students in Libya is a phenomenon that should be evaluated systematically due to its prevalence and potential impact.
Pathway to Participation: The Dilemma in Early Years Education Learning Environments in Kenya
Authors: Amolloh Odundo Paul , Lilian Ganira Khavugwi 
Published: January 2023

Listening to what children say expand upon language, building vocabulary and background knowledge in social, political and economic world for effective communication. Article 12 of the CRC 1989 stresses the right to participation in decision-making processes, which influence choices taken by children for empowering sense of belonging and community cohesion. However, too often children are denied opportunities for participation in decision-making and to exercise responsibility resulting to under democracy situations. In addition, there is limited understanding of children’s right to participate in matters affecting them in developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study sought to determine children’s; perceptions, preferences, interests, views and feelings concerning participation in pre-primary school learning environments in Kenya. This was an exploratory case study, which relied on data sampled from pre-primary school children and teachers in selected schools in Kenya using probability and simple random sampling techniques. Anchored on recognition theory, the study determined that participation of children is scanty and in instances where it occurs, only at the implementation stage rather than the planning design. The study recommended the need for collaboration and sharing information among children, teachers, communities and government towards realization of children’s perception to what they say and in decision making.
Oxidative DNA Damage in Relation to the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region- Iraq
Authors: Saeed Ava , Najeeb Hishyar 
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Clinical evidence suggests higher oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients, and this worsening redox status which may contribute to disease progression. The present study aimed to investigate the oxidative Deoxyribonucleic acid damage in patients with mild and severe COVID-19 infection and to evaluate its relationship to the disease progression and severity. A case-control study was conducted from September 2021 to January 2022 in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. 180 individuals have participated. Among 88 COVID-19 cases, 92 healthy volunteers as the control group, with ages ranging (18-45) years. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of infection (mild cases, severe cases). Serum level of 8-OHdG and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed as oxidative stress biomarkers. Serum levels of 8-OHdG were considerably higher in patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison to the control group, (p<0.01). The further statistical analysis has revealed a significantly higher 8-OHdG in blood in female cases with severe COVID-19 infection compared cases with a mild infection, (p<0.01). Serum MDA levels in severe cases were higher, statistically significant when compared with the control group (p=0.007). Severe cases had higher level of MDA than in mild case, in male cases (p<0.05) in female cases (p<0.0001). The current data suggest that patients who were infected severely with COVID-19 are under huge oxidative stress attack. Analysis of data shows that severe cases of COVID-19 infection had significantly greater level of serum 8-OHdG than in healthy control subjects.
Heat Exposure and Oxidative DNA Damage Among Bakery Workers in Duhok Province, Iraq
Authors: Kheder Rayan , Al-Dosky Ali 
Published: January 2023

Background and rationales: There are not much researches on the effects of heat exposure, specifically on oxidative DNA damage, among bakery employees. Physical labor-intensive baking exposes bakers to high temperatures, especially in traditional bakeries with uncovered ovens. An electronic heat measuring device index and serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine(8-OHdG) will be utilized in this study to quantify oxidative DNA damage and heat stress, respectively. The impact of heat exposure on oxidative DNA damage in the Duhok populace has not yet been studied in the literature. This study aimed to measure the impact of heat exposure on serum levels of oxidative DNA damage in bakers who work in high-temperature bakeries. Method: A case control study was carried out among 141 participants, 62 individuals exposed to heat (bakery workers) and 79 individuals unexposed to heat exposure as control group. 8-hydroxy 2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) has been analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The mean ±SD of 8-OHdG in bakery workers (13.78 ±5.89 ng/ml) were higher than those in healthy control individuals (1.55 ±0.75 ng/ml) with a statistically significantly differences (p<0.0001). Conclusion: High mean levels of 8-OHdG was found in exposed individuals (bakery workers) in comparison with control individuals unexposed to heat, suggesting that high-heat exposures have the risk of causing genetic effects and DNA damage.
Daily profiles of blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension of various psychotypes
Authors: Tsibulskaya N Yu. 
Published: January 2023

Аim: to assess the influence of the patient's psychotype on the degree of nighttime reduction in blood pressure (BP) to determine predictors of an unfavorable daily BP profile.Materials and methods. The study involved 80 patients with newly diagnosed or untreated arterial hypertension (AH), with various stages, severity, risk of developing cardiovascular complications, in the absence of concomitant severe somatic pathology, who independently consulted a local therapist. All patients underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring in the absence of antihypertensive therapy and the psychological profile was assessed using the SMOL questionnaire.Results. The psychopathological profile of the examined AH patients corresponded to the social and psychological adaptation. Our analysis of the indices of the averaged profile of the SMOL test, depending on the degree of reduction in nocturnal systolic blood pressure (between dipper and non-dipper profiles) and diastolic blood pressure (between dipper, non-dipper and extreme dipper patterns profiles) did not reveal statistically significant differences (p > 0,05). Patients with a riser daily blood pressure profile, due to the small size of the group, were not included in the comparative analysis. The average profile of SMOL of the examined patients was noted by an increase in indicators on the scales 1 – hypochondria and 3 – emotional lability.Conclusion. The variant of the daily blood pressure profile does not depend on the psychotype of the patient; it is likely that functional and structural changes that occur during the formation of hypertension affect the type of the degree of nighttime decrease in blood pressure.
The influence of systemic and ectopic fat depots on the state of kidney function
Authors: Blinova N. V. , Zhernakova Yu. V. , Azimova M. O. , Andreevskaya M. V. , Chazova I. E. 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To assess renal function and renal hemodynamics in obese individuals at various stages of the cardiometabolic continuum, including metabolically healthy abdominal obesity (MНАО) without metabolic syndrome (MS), MS, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and methods: The sample (n = 156) consisting of individuals with abdominal obesity (AO) aged 18-45 years. Study methods included anthropometric measurements, laboratory (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, uric acid, creatinine, cystatin C, glucose, insulin, with calculation of HOMA-IR, adiponectin, leptin, glomerular filtration rate) and instrumental examinations (renal ultrasound and renal artery duplex scaning, CT with determination of fat depots).Results: Renal function (GFR) and renal blood flow were to be strongly related to fat depot sizes, both systemic (intraabdominal fat) and local (perirenal fat and renal sinus fat) depot. In persons with MHAO, there is a slight decrease in GFR compared to healthy persons and an increase in the pulse index (PI), which indicates an increase in peripheral vascular resistance to blood flow. In individuals with MS and type 2 DM, these changes are even more pronounced.Conclusions: Thus, the identification of renal hemodynamic disorders at the early stages of the cardiometabolic continuum will allow highlighting persons with high renal and cardiovascular risk
D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits Calcineurin Phosphatase Activity to Abolish NF-AT Activation and IL-2 Induction in Stimulated Lymphocytes
Authors: Afsari Faezeh , McIntyre Thomas M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gliomas expressing mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases excessively synthesize d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), suppressing immune surveillance. A portion of this D2HG is released from these tumor cells, but the way environmental D2HG inhibits lymphocyte function is undefined. We incubated human PBLs or Jurkat T cells with D2HG at concentrations present within and surrounding gliomas or its obverse l-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) stereoisomer. We quantified each 2HG stereoisomer within washed cells by N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-l-phenylalanyl chloride derivatization with stable isotope-labeled D2HG and L2HG internal standards, HPLC separation, and mass spectrometry. D2HG was present in quiescent cells and was twice as abundant as L2HG. Extracellular 2HG rapidly increased intracellular levels of the provided stereoisomer by a stereoselective, concentration-dependent process. IL-2 expression, even when elicited by A23187 and PMA, was abolished by D2HG in a concentration-dependent manner, with significant reduction at just twice its basal level. In contrast, L2HG was only moderately inhibitory. IL-2 expression is regulated by increased intracellular Ca2+ that stimulates calcineurin to dephosphorylate cytoplasmic phospho–NF-AT, enabling its nuclear translocation. D2HG abolished stimulated expression of a stably integrated NF-AT–driven luciferase reporter that precisely paralleled its concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-2. D2HG did not affect intracellular Ca2+. Rather, surface plasmon resonance showed D2HG, but not L2HG, bound calcineurin, and D2HG, but not L2HG, inhibited Ca2+-dependent calcineurin phosphatase activity in stimulated Jurkat extracts. Thus, D2HG is a stereoselective calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor that prevents NF-AT dephosphorylation and so abolishes IL-2 transcription in stimulated lymphocytes. This occurs at D2HG concentrations found within and adjacent to gliomas independent of its metabolic or epigenetic transcriptional regulation.
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and MSH2 Control Blunt DNA End Joining in Ig Class Switch Recombination
Authors: Sible Emily , Attaway Mary , Fiorica Giuseppe , Michel Genesis , Chaudhuri Jayanta , Vuong Bao Q 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Class-switch recombination (CSR) produces secondary Ig isotypes and requires activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)–dependent DNA deamination of intronic switch regions within the IgH (Igh) gene locus. Noncanonical repair of deaminated DNA by mismatch repair (MMR) or base excision repair (BER) creates DNA breaks that permit recombination between distal switch regions. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)–dependent phosphorylation of AID at serine 38 (pS38-AID) promotes its interaction with apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a BER protein, suggesting that ATM regulates CSR through BER. However, pS38-AID may also function in MMR during CSR, although the mechanism remains unknown. To examine whether ATM modulates BER- and/or MMR-dependent CSR, Atm−/− mice were bred to mice deficient for the MMR gene mutS homolog 2 (Msh2). Surprisingly, the predicted Mendelian frequencies of Atm−/−Msh2−/− adult mice were not obtained. To generate ATM and MSH2-deficient B cells, Atm was conditionally deleted on an Msh2−/− background using a floxed ATM allele (Atmf) and B cell–specific Cre recombinase expression (CD23-cre) to produce a deleted ATM allele (AtmD). As compared with AtmD/D and Msh2−/− mice and B cells, AtmD/DMsh2−/− mice and B cells display a reduced CSR phenotype. Interestingly, Sμ–Sγ1 junctions from AtmD/DMsh2−/− B cells that were induced to switch to IgG1 in vitro showed a significant loss of blunt end joins and an increase in insertions as compared with wild-type, AtmD/D, or Msh2−/− B cells. These data indicate that the absence of both ATM and MSH2 blocks nonhomologous end joining, leading to inefficient CSR. We propose a model whereby ATM and MSH2 function cooperatively to regulate end joining during CSR through pS38-AID.