bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Presentation of a Retained Wood Foreign Body as an Expanding Soft-Tissue Mass in an Adolescent's Foot
Authors: Gamble James G. 
Published: June 2023

Case:
A 12-year-5-month-old boy presented with a 3-month history of a 2 × 3-cm enlarging painful mass on the medial plantar aspect of his left foot. The radiograph was normal, but the magnetic resonance (MR) images clearly disclosed a foreign body in the shape of a toothpick that had been quiescent for 31 months. Thirty-three months after surgical removal, the patient was asymptomatic and had returned to full activity.

Conclusion:
A retained wood foreign body can present as an expanding mass, and MR is the modality of choice to image wood foreign bodies.
Rare Occurrence of Posttraumatic Cutaneous Mucormycosis After a Superficial Abrasion
Authors: Sanjana Nandakumar , Devendra Agraharam , Zackariya Mohamed , Ramkumar Sanjai , Dheenadhayalan Jayaramaraju , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan 
Published: June 2023

Case:
Two patients who sustained multiple injuries after a road traffic accident developed cutaneous mucormycosis after a superficial abrasion. In the first case, the patient was diabetic with poorly controlled glycemic status. In the second case, the patient was young and immunocompetent with no known risk factors.

Conclusion:
Although there are few case reports of posttraumatic cutaneous mucormycosis, there is no single report describing its occurrence after a superficial abrasion. Cutaneous mucormycosis can be fatal if not identified early and treated aggressively. A high index of suspicion, timely diagnosis, and repeated debridement with antifungal therapy provided good functional outcomes in both patients.
Fabella Syndrome of the Knee
Authors: Lustig Mia , Hazzard Sean 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this analysis is to review the strategies to diagnose fabella syndrome of the knee and examine the most effective management options.

Methods:
A literature review and primary source search was completed through PubMed and EBSCO ultimate academic database. Several articles were reviewed, and articles with the most relevant data were selected and analyzed.

Results:
Less than 50% of the population have a fabella, and most patients who present with fabella syndrome are between ages 15 to 17 years. Fabella syndrome is diagnosed by posterolateral pain in the gastrocnemius especially with extension or added pressure on the bone. The possible treatment plans for the condition are steroid injections, physical therapy, shockwave therapy, or a fabellectomy.

Conclusion:
Fabella syndrome is difficult to diagnose because it has a low incidence rate and the symptoms to diagnose it are broad. One of the best ways to identify the condition is to rule out other diagnoses in addition to meeting the symptom criteria. The best long-term treatment for fabella syndrome is to perform surgery to remove the fabella bone, which presents low risk and a high rate of positive outcomes.
Guidance to Best Tools and Practices for Systematic Reviews
Authors: Kolaski Kat , Logan Lynne Romeiser , Ioannidis John P.A. 
Published: June 2023

» Data continue to accumulate indicating that many systematic reviews are methodologically flawed, biased, redundant, or uninformative. Some improvements have occurred in recent years based on empirical methods research and standardization of appraisal tools; however, many authors do not routinely or consistently apply these updated methods. In addition, guideline developers, peer reviewers, and journal editors often disregard current methodological standards. Although extensively acknowledged and explored in the methodological literature, most clinicians seem unaware of these issues and may automatically accept evidence syntheses (and clinical practice guidelines based on their conclusions) as trustworthy.» A plethora of methods and tools are recommended for the development and evaluation of evidence syntheses. It is important to understand what these are intended to do (and cannot do) and how they can be utilized. Our objective is to distill this sprawling information into a format that is understandable and readily accessible to authors, peer reviewers, and editors. In doing so, we aim to promote appreciation and understanding of the demanding science of evidence synthesis among stakeholders. We focus on well-documented deficiencies in key components of evidence syntheses to elucidate the rationale for current standards. The constructs underlying the tools developed to assess reporting, risk of bias, and methodological quality of evidence syntheses are distinguished from those involved in determining overall certainty of a body of evidence. Another important distinction is made between those tools used by authors to develop their syntheses as opposed to those used to ultimately judge their work.» Exemplar methods and research practices are described, complemented by novel pragmatic strategies to improve evidence syntheses. The latter include preferred terminology and a scheme to characterize types of research evidence. We organize best practice resources in a Concise Guide that can be widely adopted and adapted for routine implementation by authors and journals. Appropriate, informed use of these is encouraged, but we caution against their superficial application and emphasize their endorsement does not substitute for in-depth methodological training. By highlighting best practices with their rationale, we hope this guidance will inspire further evolution of methods and tools that can advance the field.
A STATISTICAL META-ANALYSIS OF LITHOLOGIC AND OTHER POTENTIAL CONTROLS ON FOSSIL BONE CELLULAR AND SOFT TISSUE PRESERVATION
Authors: ULLMANN PAUL V., , SCHWEITZER MARY H., 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Demineralization assays, utilizing weak acids to isolate organics from biomineralized tissues, have recently been applied with increasing frequency to explore soft tissue preservation in fossils, revealing frequent retention of cells and other pliable microstructures in fossil bones. However, factors controlling long-term preservation of such labile structures remain mysterious. To address this, we compiled a database of bone demineralization results from 29 studies, then conducted a statistical meta-analysis of these data to evaluate the importance of specimen age, taxonomy, entombing lithology, and bone tissue type on microstructure recovery. Our database encompasses results from 137 bones from 44 formations spanning the Permian to the Holocene. Osteocytes, blood vessels, and fibrous/proteinaceous matrix each exhibit bimodal recovery patterns in which most fossil bones either yield many or none of these microstructures. Though their relative abundances in any given fossil bone are extremely variable, statistically significant Fisher's Exact tests found that if a bone yields one of these types of microstructures in abundance then the others are usually also abundant. None of the variables examined significantly influence osteocyte recovery, but Kruskal-Wallis and subsequent pairwise Mann-Whitney tests revealed that bones collected from unconsolidated sediments, of Paleocene age, and/or deriving from birds, amphibians, marine reptiles, or crocodylians often yield few or no vessels and fibrous matrix. Although these findings hint at possible controls on cellular and soft tissue preservation in fossil bones, they should be viewed cautiously as they are demonstrably biased by uneven sampling. For example, many of the apparent trends are substantially controlled by overrepresentation of data from nonavian dinosaur specimens from Cretaceous fluvio-lacustrine deposits. Future demineralization assays should therefore focus on non-mammalian specimens from the Cenozoic and Jurassic-and-older nondinosaurian specimens, especially those preserved in less-common depositional environments (e.g., eolian settings).
Hydrocarbon Production Enhancement on the Field Apaika-Nenke by Applying Hydraulic Fracturing as a Tool to Optimize the Extraction of Reservoir M-2 Considered Initially as a Secondary Target
Authors: Salazar F. , Vasconez N. D. , Mayorga C. J. , Pozo M. F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to reservoir conditions in the Apika-Nenke field, it was decided to carry out a hydraulic fracturing pilot project with the aim of maximizing production in the field. To achieve the objective, cores, image logs, pressure points, and sonic dipole logs were obtained to have the greatest amount of information available during the analysis and thus stimulate the reservoir to obtain the maximum potential.
After the analysis of the laminated reservoirs, it was required to implement a technique that generates higher fracture conductivity to reduce the drawdown during production and improve the connection through the laminations. The successful implementation of channel fracturing led to this technique becoming the preferred completion method in the field for wells requiring stimulation.
Three hydraulic fracturing treatments were performed in Apaika-Nenke field: one in 2015 and two in 2022. With continuous improvement in the perforating and fracturing technique, all jobs demonstrated outstanding production results. The implementation of hydraulic fracturing permits the production of this reservoir, which was considered a secondary target due to the low production results without fracturing.
Winning the Battle to Scale Precipitation from the Face of T Reservoirs in the Largest Ecuadorian Oilfield
Authors: Paredes M. P. , Estevez D. R. , Sepúlveda W. M. , Giol C. G. , Zumbana V. , Tamayo P. , Andrade R. , Sotomayor A. , Egas L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The largest Ecuadorian field is a brown field located in the Oriente Basin, as shown in Fig.1. Its current oil production is 56,000 bopd with 82% water cut from 150 producing wells from different reservoirs, mainly from the lower U and lower T sands which have contributed with more than 90% of the total cumulative production. The secondary reservoirs are Basal Tena, Upper U and Upper T.
The field faces several typical production challenges of a mature field, including severe inorganic scale deposition problems throughout the production system and corrosion in the tubing and surface flowlines. As development strategies have evolved, flow assurance problems have increased in magnitude and frequency, representing low operating efficiencies and extra costs.
Once flow assurance problems have appeared in the field it is impossible not to have costs associated with their remediation; however, the objective is to minimize such costs through an exhaustive analysis that determines the root cause and the prevention measures that can be applied in the field. In terms of corrosion, an excellent job has been done in controlling the problem in the wells through the introduction of new metallurgy tubing and good operating practices, while the challenge in the field is now focused on scale deposition.
3D Real Time Digital Twin
Authors: Ferrigno E. , Barsola G. A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The term Digital Twin, referring to the digital representation of an indistinguishable physical system or process in the real world, is a relatively new technology that has gained attention in recent years due to its potential to improve efficiency and decision-making in various industries. The concept behind Digital Twins is to create a virtual replica of a physical asset or process, allowing for real-time monitoring, data analysis, and simulation of different scenarios. This technology can be applied to various industries such as manufacturing, construction, and oil and gas.
In the oil and gas industry, Digital Twins can provide several benefits. For example, they can improve operational efficiency by providing real-time data on the performance and condition of assets, allowing for better decision-making and reducing downtime. Additionally, Digital Twins can also help with asset management by providing detailed information on the performance and maintenance requirements of assets, which can be used to optimize their operation and extend their service life. Furthermore, Digital Twins can also be used to simulate the performance of new assets before they are built, reducing the risk of errors and increasing the chances of success.
One of the key aspects of Digital Twins is that they can be updated in real-time, allowing for continuous optimization of the system. This is achieved by integrating various technologies such as sensors, IoT devices, and machine learning algorithms, which provide data on the physical asset and its environment. The data is then processed and analyzed, providing insights that can be used to improve the performance of the asset.
Combining Data Acquisition, Control, Monitoring Systems and Physics Simulation in an Autonomous Way, to Locate and Minimize Inefficiencies in Gas Processing Facilities
Authors: Aladin Zayn , Meinhardt Amin Adolfo Claib , Schepens Gerald 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The demand for additional throughput, combined with the growing pressure to reduce CO2 emissions while, improving efficiency constitutes a significant challenge for the oil and gas industry. Changes and updates to process models attempt to address these challenges but have mostly served as design aids rather than operational tools. Simulations, machine learning and artificial intelligence can be used to model plant start-up / shut-down, facilitate optimization and alleviate bottlenecks, however, these tools help to make inferences about processes; real-world deviations between the actual process and input data in a model limit their practicality.
Throughput Optimization uses 150 years of physics based thermodynamic modelling, directly integrated into existing plant infrastructure, to provide advanced process control in real-time. Allowing the operator, the possibility of leveraging existing infrastructure and enabling closed-loop and/or human supported control. Results include hydrate formation avoidance through the analysis of real-time phase envelopes and hydrate curves, increased NGL production, greater control of operating costs and reductions in unscheduled downtime.
Throughput Optimization has proven to enable more optimal control for operations and demonstrated various benefits, including reduced operational costs, increased revenue, improved operational reliability and reduction in both Scope 1 and 2 emissions.
Production Rate Calculation Using Choke Correlation, Improving Matching Field Data on Vaca Muerta Formation.
Authors: Bellini Aragon Nicolas Gabriel , Villagra Fernando Martín , Serrano German Dario 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Usually when the Production Engineer needs to follow a DrawDown Curve to maximize production of the well, a methodology to calculate dynamic pressure at sand face (PWF) is needed.
To calculate PWF, the Gas and Liquid Rate and wellhead conditions need. On many occasions, there is no separator to run a production test so, as a consequence, a methodology to calculate production rates becomes vital.
This paper uses the choke correlation developed by Bellini et al. to calculate total mass and use a workflow to find Water Cut and GOR using Equation of state to split total mass in Gas, Oil and Water mass, and transform them to volumetric rates.
In Non-Conventional fields, wellhead chokes are widely used to, for example: regulate the flow rate of the well, to impose sufficient back pressure on the face of the sand so as not to exceed values excessive drawdown.
Many authors use choke correlation to find Gas or Liquid Rates but not all at same time and uses many times wrong correlation with error higher than 20%.
The workflow presented in this paper, combines high confidence multiphase choke correlation to predict mass rate and use Equation of State (EOS) to predict GOR and Water Cut relations, this combinations of both make sure best confidence calculations.
This new workflow was tested with several oil wells at non-Conventional reservoir and its performance is more confidence to existing methodology used nowadays.
The Volumetric rates calculation need to use the best technical practices combining fluids thermodynamic and production knowledge to reach the minimal error we can do.
Examples and back test of volumetric rate calculation vs separator measurements on wells from "Vaca Muerta" Formation, will be compared a showed as result of this job.
Finally, an application of Well performance analysis will be showed, in order to evaluate choke sensitivities to maximize liquid production rate and maintain Well DD into optimal Drawdown Curves to make sure maximize EUR as we can.
Improving Oil Recovery while Helping to Achieve Net Zero Emissions from Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Bao Xiaolin , Fragoso Alfonso , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Shale reservoirs will help to meet oil demand that is forecasted to continue increasing for several years. Oil recovery from shales is low and has been reported to range between 5 and 10%. The objective of this paper is to show how oil recovery from shale can be improved while simultaneously reducing CO2 emissions, contributing thus to the goal of a Net-Zero future.
The proposed methodology shows how oil recovery from shales can be increased while simultaneously storing CO2 in undepleted (as opposed to depleted) shale oil reservoirs, and consequently contributing to a future with Net-Zero emissions. The methodology is developed with the use of reservoir simulation, and is achieved by performing the following procedure: (1) start huff 'n' puff CO2 injection, 2 or 3 years after the well goes on oil production; thus, the shale reservoir is undepleted, (2) store CO2 gradually in the shale reservoir during the huff periods, and continuously once the huff'n'puff project is finalized.
The simulation model includes a history match period with actual production data from a pilot horizontal well, and a forecast period with huff 'n' puff CO2 injection. Two cases, one with diffusion and one without diffusion are carried out for evaluating the molecular diffusion effect. The initial pressure is never exceeded.
Our literature survey indicates that the methodology proposed in this paper has not been considered previously in the geoscience of petroleum engineering literature. The proposed approach will help to achieve Net-Zero emissions by storing CO2 in undepleted shale reservoirs while simultaneously increasing oil production. This win-win combination, to the best of our knowledge, is novel.
An Innovative Combination of Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Process with Organic Rankine Cycle to Improve Energy Efficiency
Authors: Rodriguez H. A. , Perez R. A. , Guerrero J. E. , Garcia L. E. , Manrique E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Most thermal enhanced oil recovery (tEOR) processes worldwide are trying to be optimized due to the energy transition and greenhouse gas reduction plans. In that sense, reducing natural gas as a fuel for steam generation and improving the energy injected vs. energy produced represent key drivers for heavy oil exploitation. Colombian case is not different; the challenge plans to reduce 51% of CO2 emissions by 2030 will require technology incorporation and disruptive ideas. Ecopetrol is evaluating the concept of in situ steam generation assisted by the mist water-air injection and combining this tEOR process with organic Rankine cycle (ORC) equipment to take advantage of produced fluids to generate electricity. The process involves simultaneous air and water injection into the formation, in mist-like flow generated at wellhead, promoting a combustion front development, and using the injected and reservoir water for the in-situ steam generation. This represents an impacting reduction in the use of natural gas as a fuel for traditional steam generation processes. A numerical model was developed to evaluate the injection scheme and forecast oil production, fluid temperatures, and produced energy. The sector model allows the identification of optimum scenarios regarding appropriate water-air injection rates and enthalpy to obtain the best incremental oil recovery, energy efficiency, and low carbon intensity. The results indicated that with mist water-air injection, the recovery factor increased between 30 to 45%, and the peak of produced power was double (up to 4 MW) compared to the conventional steamflooding scenario. Since natural gas is not required, carbon intensity reduction is between 30 to 60%. Additionally, combining oil produced by the mist water-air injection and power generation using ORC, the total energy recovery factor is 50%. This paper presents an innovative concept for in-situ steam generation coupled with ORC technologies. This combination led to better use of the heat transferred into the formation and reduced natural gas and water consumption. Additionally, the use of produced hot fluid represents an integrated process of enhanced energy recovery (EER) as a strategy to partially overcome high carbon intensity estimations in traditional processes and avoid stranded assets. Carbon intensity can be further reduced by incorporating Carbon Capture Usage and Storage (CCUS) strategies met Colombian energy transition plans.
Measurement of CO2 Solubility and Swelling Factor in Water/Brine for CO2 Sequestration
Authors: Fayazi A. , Maaref S. , Esmaeili S. , Kantzas A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
CO2 dissolution in water/brine at various operating conditions is of essential interest for various environmental and geochemical applications such as CO2 sequestration in brine-bearing aquifers. Solubility/swelling in CO2-brine systems can be determined by experimental data or the available correlations and modelling packages. However, the available models and correlations can only be used in limited situations, and therefore, may not be applicable for a wide range of operating conditions, particularly for different salinities. In addition, the available solubility and swelling experimental data in the literature are limited as these experiments are very time consuming due to the slow nature of the diffusion process. Therefore, reliable experimental data is needed especially in the range of operating conditions suitable for CO2 storage scenarios. In this work, a high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) visual cell with a novel stirring mechanism was designed to accelerate the diffusion process at elevated pressures and temperatures. A series of swelling/solubility tests are carried out for a CO2–brine/water system at various equilibrium pressures ranging from ~ 3000 to ~ 12000 kPa and temperatures ranging from 35 to 55 °C and with different salinities. The process of CO2 dissolution results in a pressure decline and volume expansion (swelling) of the liquid phase over time. Swelling is measured by tracking the gas-liquid interface using a microscope camera and solubility is measured by monitoring the pressure and performing PVT analysis. In the absence of stirring, the CO2 dissolution takes a long time, however, the use of stirring expedites the dissolution process. Thermodynamically, we have an instantaneous equilibrium at the gas–liquid interface and the equilibrium concentration at the gas–liquid interface is the maximum concentration of dissolved gas (i.e., solubility) in the liquid. The diffusion which controls how quickly the gas dissolves in the liquid slows downs the overall process. The high-pressure stirring mechanism creates convection in the liquid and accelerates CO2 dissolution. The results also revealed that increasing the pressure, decreasing the temperature, and decreasing the brine salinity increases the swelling and solubility of CO2.