bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Digital Imaging and Cone Beam Computed Tomography among Dental Practitioners in North Karnataka, India
Authors: Chinna Sudarshan Kumar , Reddy Nannuri Pranavi , Thapaswini Yekula , Muppidi Akhila , Pattepu Sai Vinith , Sharma Priyadarshini 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has one of the most important roles for diagnosis in dentistry.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge and awareness toward the scope of digital imaging and CBCT, among dental practitioners in North Karnataka regions such as Bidar and Raichur city.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire study was carried out among 200 dental practitioners of North Karnataka (Bidar and Raichur). A specially designed structured questionnaire (13 in number) was administered to assess the knowledge of digital imaging and CBCT. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient test, and any P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 200 dentists were selected for the study, among which 93.5% were reported that digital imaging is the most useful method compared to conventional method. About 91.0% of the dentists were aware of CBCT. Of 91.5% of the dentists preferred CBCT for three-dimensional imaging in the head and neck region. Among all, majority of dentists reported that all types of radiography will be used in digital imaging (45.0%).

Conclusion:
The current study showed that knowledge of dentist regarding digital imaging and CBCT was not satisfactory; therefore, participants require an understanding of the concepts behind CBCT and related technologies, making appropriate training essential for every member of the dental team.
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine among Dental Professionals
Authors: Gopakumar Rethi , Mahesh J. , Alexander Bijo , Arya K. S. , John Sunil , Kumbla Shruthi 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly across the world, prompting governments to impose lengthy restrictions on both movement and trade. While lockdowns reduce the prevalence of COVID-19 disease, they may have a negative impact on the economy and job levels. Dental medicine has been one of the most severely impacted industries during this crisis. Dental professionals are exposed to environments with high levels of occupational hazards, additional risks of viral exposure, and transmission.

Methods:
We analyzed 705 anonymous questionnaires filled out by dentists, dental students, and postgraduate students about their willingness to consider a new SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Results:
Our findings show a statistically significant relationship between an individual's unemployment rate and their ability to be immunized with a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Conclusion:
As part of the global vaccination program's alertness, these data may be used to forecast patterns in vaccine adoption or denial depending on economic burden during the COVID-19 pandemic by various industries.
Evaluation of Root Dentin Thickness and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Two Novel Nickel Titanium Rotary Instruments – An In Vitro Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Reddy Gangili Sparsha , Kalaiselvam Rajeswari , Rajakumaran Arasappan , Kuzhanchinathan Manigandan , Sabarish Ram , Ganesh Arathi 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the two nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments on root dentin thickness using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and ability to remove the smear layer using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods:
The effect of two NiTi rotary instruments such as XP Endo shaper and ProTaper Gold (PTG) in retaining adequate dentin thickness and debridement (i.e., removal of smear layer) was evaluated in vitro using CBCT and SEM. After cleaning and shaping of the root canal with adequate irrigation, the effect of two NiTi instrument systems at 3 mm (apical), 6 mm (middle), and 9 mm (coronal) levels on buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal aspects in terms of amount of dentin removal and smear layer removal was evaluated. The data were analyzed using student's unpaired t-test with a significance of P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
Both NiTi instrument systems had no statistically significant difference in amount of dentin removal at all three levels and on all four aspects. In smear layer removal, PTG had significantly better efficacy compared to XP Endo shaper at the coronal third of root canal.

Conclusion:
Instrumentation with XP Endo Shaper and PTG showed a similar amount of dentin removal. PTG has a significant effect on smear layer removal compared to XP Endo Shaper only at the coronal third of root canal.
Evaluation of Class II Restoration Microleakage with Various Restorative Materials
Authors: Pawar Madhura , Saleem Agwan Muhammad Atif , Ghani Bushra , Khatri Megha , Bopache Pooja , Aziz Mian Salman 
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives:
The quest for a suitable esthetic material for tooth restoration has resulted in significant advancements in both material properties and application technique. Composites and acid-etch procedures are two significant advancements in esthetic restorative dentistry. Further research has strengthened composites' overall wear resistance and strength, but the problem of polymerization shrinkage has persisted. To reduce polymerization shrinkage and microleakage, a variety of techniques and material modifications have been suggested. The marginal leakage of amalgam, packable composite, flowable composite with packable composite, and high-viscosity traditional glass ionomer cement (GIC) was compared in this analysis to test the mentioned hypothesis.

Materials and Methods:
We chose 60 freshly extracted teeth and divided them into four classes of 15 teeth each. Class II cavities were prepared in a standardized manner. Group I was treated with amalgam, Group II with packable composite (GC G-aenial Posterior), Group III with flowable composite (G-aenial Universal Flo) as a liner and then restored with packable composite (GC G-aenial Posterior), and Group IV with high-viscosity traditional GIC (EQUI FORTE FILL). After that, the restorations were put through a thermocycling process. The specimens were soaked in 0.5% methylene blue dye before being cut into mesiodistal sections to assess microleakage at the gingival margin. After that, the parts were examined under a stereomicroscope. The degree of dye penetration was used to determine the score.

Results:
There was no microleakage in the control group, and the gap between the control and experimental groups was statistically significant (P = 0.017).

Conclusion:
The glass hybrid restorative device had less gingival microleakage than the resin-based restorative material, indicating that it has a better sealing capacity. Clinical acceptability of glass hybrid restorative systems, on the other hand, must be confirmed with a larger sample size and in vivo trials.
Various Assisted Bone Regeneration in Apicectomy Defects Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Sumangali Ananad , Tiwari Rahul V. C. , Kollipara Jeevana , Mirza Mubashir Baig , Brar Rajwinder Singh , Dhewale Akshay M. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
In the endodontic surgery, the common applications are the procedures that apply regenerative methods. There are various methods that help in the regeneration after the endodontic root end cutting or apicectomy. The outcome of the apicectomy depends on the procedure and the material. Hence in the present study, we intend to conduct the systemic review and meta-analysis of the various assisted bone regeneration in apicectomy defects.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted by the online search of the data that included the studies for the regenerative procedure in the endodontic surgery in patients with various periapical pathologies. The data search engines were Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The risk of the bias was calculated. The study participants were divided into case and control groups. Case group had undergone the regenerative surgery for the persistent periapical lesions, while the control group had not undergone the regenerative surgery for the persistent periapical l. The clinical and the radiograph outcomes were compared between the control and the case groups. Meta-analysis was done and the subgroups were evaluated.

Results:
From a total of 1561 articles, only 11 were finalized for the study to conduct the meta-analysis. The bias was noted for majority of the studies most of which were clinical trials. It was observed that the regenerative methods used in the endodontic surgery have significantly improved the outcome. The application of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene only has no significant effect; however, application of the autologous platelet concentrates or collagen membranes only had good outcomes. The combination of the materials showed a significant outcome than when applied alone.

Conclusions:
From this meta-analysis, it is evident that regenerative procedures are beneficial in the endodontic apicectomy procedures. The materials used in these procedures will augment the outcome. A better prognosis is expected if the combination of the materials is used.
Aluminium Induced Neurodegeneration in Rat Cerebellum in the Presence of Ethanol Coexposure
Authors: Ghosh Buddhadeb , Sharma Ravi Kant , Yadav Suman 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Both aluminium and ethanol are pro-oxidants and neurotoxic. Moderately intake of alcohol may favor the body in coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus etc. Being cheaper aluminium and increasing consumption of alcohol in India mixed with each other and may induce neurotoxicity. The present study was planned to identify the level of aluminium induced neurodegeneration in presence of ethanol coexposure in the cerebellum.

Materials and Methods:
An experimental study was carried out at Dr. RP Government Medical College, Kangra, and Government Medical College, Amritsar, India after due approval from the Institute Animal Ethics Committee. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into one vehicle control and three experimental groups. Group I received the normal saline water as the vehicle control group. Group II received aluminium chloride 4.2 mg/kg body weight as the experimental group. Group III received ethanol 1 g/kg body weight as the experimental group. Group IV received both aluminium chloride 4.2 mg/kg body weight and ethanol 1 g/kg body weight as the experimental group. After 3 months of treatment, cerebellum was processed for histopathological observation under the microscope.

Results:
Experimental group treated with aluminium and ethanol separately showed reduction in the number of Purkinje cells, without a prominent nucleolus and well-defined nuclear membrane. Eosinophilic swelling adjacent to Purkinje cell bodies observed. The effects of combined administration of aluminium ethanol treated groups showed with acute neurodegeneration of Purkinje cell layer and granular layer. Pyknosis and neurofibrillary tangle seen in Purkinje cells.

Conclusions:
It has been suggested that the ethanol-induced the effects of aluminium on the cerebellum and plays a significant role in neurotoxicity.
Retention of Various Luting Agents Used with Implant-Supported Crowns
Authors: Sathyanarayan Santhosh , Balavadivel Tamizhesai , Guru Rakshit C. , Sande Abhijeet Rajendra , Rajendran Venkateswaran , Sengottaiyan Arul Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Implant supported crowns can either be screw retained or cement retained. Recent advances in implant dentistry has improved the longevity of the implant restoration and has placed importance on esthetics and function. Cement retained restoration has added advantage of superior esthetics and is preferred by the clinician. However, selecting the ideal type of cement for luting implant supported crown has been a topic of debate.

Methodology:
A study was conducted at ESIC Dental College & Hospital, Kalaburagi to determine the retentive ability of three different luting agents. 30 samples were divided into three groups and luted with Zinc phosphate, Zinc Polycarboxylate and Glass ionomer cement. The retentive strength was evaluated using universal testing machine.

Results:
Results proved that zinc poly carboxylate cement had the highest retentive value followed by glass ionomer and zinc phosphate.
COVID 19 Scoping
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Nishan Mohammed , Sainudeen Shan , Sanskriti  , Jha Kunal , Mahobia Ashish , Tiwari Rahul V. C. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The world has faced the pandemic of COVID-19 in the march of 2020 and still it continues to effect in 2021. Hence, in the present study we aim to evaluate the gulps in the research so that certain recommendations can be made for the future research. We conducted a scoping review of the COVID meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Online data was collected from the search engines of EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searched terms were COVID-19, CORONA, SARS-CoV-2, clinical features, Wuhan, etc. The study articles were collected that from January 2020 to February 2021. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, the meta-analysis was performed.

Results:
In the present study, we finalized 316 articles. On February 2020, the first article was published. We observed a spike in the meta-analysis later on. Most of the meta-analysis were issued in the virology and infection magazines. As expected, the majority studies were from Wuhan. The other countries that published the meta-analysis were the USA, the UK, and Italy. The studies included in each meta-analysis were nearly 25 and the subjects were approximately 16 thousand. However, we noticed a poor quality in majority of these meta-analysis and <10% of all the meta-analysis showed higher confidence.

Conclusion:
A poor quality of the meta-analysis has predominated the data and very few are of high quality. All the journal editors and the reviewing team should verify and thoroughly organize the protocol so that only high quality meta-analysis are encouraged.
Evaluation of Reduction Protocols in Managing Aerosol Generation in Caries Management in COVID 19 in Riyadh
Authors: Alamri Abeer Ayiad , Almutairi Ayad Bulayd , Hawsah Abeer Mohammed , Aljarullah Atheer Hussain , Almeerabdullah Yara Waleed , Alenezi Maha Abdullah , Ahmed Suhael 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
External high-volume extraction (HVE) devices may offer a way to reduce any aerosol particulate generated. The aim of this study was to measure the particle count during dental aerosol-generating procedures and compare the results with when a HVE device is used.

Materials and Methods:
Design A comparative clinical study measuring the amount of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 aerosol particulate with and without the use of an external HVE device was undertaken. Materials and methods in total, ten restorative procedures were monitored with an industrial Trotec PC220 particle counter. The intervention was an external HVE device. Main outcome methods the air sampler was placed at the average working distance of the clinicians involved in the study − 420 mm.

Results:
In the present study, aerosol particulate was recorded at statistically significantly increased levels during dental procedures without an external HVE device versus with the device. Discussion The null hypothesis was rejected, in that significant differences were found between the results of the amount of aerosol particle count with and without a HVE device.

Conclusion:
If the results of the present study are repeated in an in vivo setting, an external high-volume suction device may potentially show a lower risk of transmission of viral particulate.
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Biomarker Levels in e-Cigarette Smokers and Conventional Smokers
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Anand Kumar , Bhargava Manish , Kolluri Amulya , Kumar Madhuresh , Palve Devendra H. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature.

Objectives:
The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated.

Results:
Statistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels.
Assessment of the Survival of a Single Implant-Supported Cantilever Prosthesis in the Anterior Mandible
Authors: Kumari Soni , Singh Gagan Preet , Bagalkot Kishor B. , Subramanium Angel , Isaac Tarun Koshy , Chandni  
Published: February 2023

Background:
Implant dentistry has seen rapid and remarkable progress in recent years. The present study assessed the survival of a single implant-supported cantilever prosthesis (ISCP) in the anterior mandible.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-four patients with missing mandibular anterior teeth of both genders were provided with a single implant and restored with cantilever screw-retained prosthesis. All were followed for 2.5 years for the implant and prosthetic success.

Results:
Age group of 20–30 years comprised 14 males and 10 females, 30–40 years had 10 males and eight females, 40–50 years had six males and seven females, and 50–60 years had four males and five females. The difference was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). A screw loosening was seen in total of 15 cases, in 1 at 12 months, 5 at 18 months, 2 at 24 months, and 7 at 30 months, and porcelain fracture was seen in total of eight cases, in 4 at 18 months, 1 at 24 months, and 3 at 30 months. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Screw-retained ISCP developed complications such as screw loosening and porcelain fracture.
A Comparative Evaluation of Silk Suture and Cyanoacrylate Adhesive in the Stabilization of Free Gingival Graft Harvested with Erbium
Authors: Goel Asim , Ghai Deepika , Sood Anchal , Singh Gagan Preet , Nagi Puneet Kamal , Singh Padam 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The most common technique for gingival augmentation is free gingival graft (FGG). The aim of this study is to clinically compare the efficacy of FGG harvested with erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) laser stabilized with 5-0 silk suture in comparison to N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in increasing the width of keratinized gingiva (WK) for the management of Miller's Class I and II gingival recession.

Methodology:
Forty-eight gingival recession defects were divided into two Groups I and II. Group I sites were treated with FGG harvested using Er: YAG laser stabilized with 5-0 silk suture and Group II sites were treated with FGG harvested using Er: YAG laser stabilized with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. Clinical parameters such as gingival recession depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gain in gingival tissue thickness, and WK were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results:
A significant reduction in gingival recession defects, gain in CAL, increase in WK, and gain in gingival tissue thickness were observed in both the groups. Intergroup comparison of gingival recession defects, CAL, WK, and gingival tissue thickness yielded nonsignificant differences.

Conclusion:
Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that both 5-0 silk suture and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate were equally efficacious in the stabilization of FGG. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was easy to apply, consumed less operating time, and had no adverse effect. Hence, cyanoacrylate can be used as an alternative to suture in stabilization of FGG.
A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of WaveOne and NeoEndo Retreatment File System for the Removal of Gutta Percha from the Root Canal
Authors: Sagare Shweta V. , Chandra Padma , Kaur Tawanpreet , Ganorkar Onkar , Khade Abhijeet , Mehta Sachin Dev 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Teeth with apical periodontitis that either persisted or developed after initial root canal treatment is most often indicated for retreatment procedure. The present study was conducted to compare the WaveOne and NeoEndo retreatment file system for the removal of gutta-percha from the root canal.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty extracted mandibular first premolars with single straight roots were divided into two groups, Group I-WaveOne and Group II-NeoEndo. All samples were scanned with cone-beam computed tomography after the root filling and retreatment procedures. The decrease in the volume of filling material after each retreatment protocol was measured.

Results:
The mean volume of gutta-percha in Group I before retreatment was 5.6 and in Group II was 5.3, after retreatment in Group I was 2.7, and in Group II was 4.2. The mean percentage reduction in Group I was 45.2% and in Group II was 23.8%. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Both systems failed to completely remove gutta-percha. WaveOne was significantly more effective than the NeoEndo retreatment system.
Clinicopathological Correlation of Pulp Stones and Its Association with Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Jawahar Gowthami , Rao Gururaj Narayana , Vennila A. Alagu , Fathima S. Deenul , Lawanya M. K. Keerthik , Doss Daffney Mano , Sherwood I. Anand , Antinisha A. Annie , Bhuvana B. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Pulp stones are the discrete calcification, located in pulp tissue or attached to or embedded in dentin. It occurs in physiological and pathological conditions. The exact etiopathogenesis of various types of pulp calcifications is unknown and the prevalence varies from 8% to 90%. The histopathological identification of pulp stones is higher than the radiological identification.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to evaluate and correlate the clinical parameters and histopathological analysis of pulp stone with systemic hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy patients were selected for the study and a detailed case history was recorded. The radiological investigations were noted down and extirpated pulp tissues were sent for processing. The results were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test.

Results:
Out of 70 patients studied, pulp stones were observed radiologically in 14 patients and histopathologically in 30 patients. The presence of irregular and nonlaminated type of pulp stones histopathologically was significantly correlated with hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

Conclusion:
The patients with the histopathological presence of nonlaminated and irregular-shaped pulp should be evaluated for lipid profile and hypertension.