bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observed Air–Sea Turbulent Heat Flux Anomalies during the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 2021
Authors: Song Xiangzhou , Wang Xinyue , Cai Wenbo , Xie Xuehan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study presents observational findings of air–sea turbulent heat flux anomalies during the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) in 2021 and explains the mechanism for high-resolution heat flux variations. Turbulent heat flux discrepancies are not uniform throughout the basin but indicate a significant regional disparity in the South China Sea (SCS), which also experiences evident year-to-year variability. Based on buoy- and cruise-based air–sea measurements, high-temporal-resolution (less than hourly) anomalies in the latent heat flux during the SCSSM burst are unexpectedly determined by sea–air humidity differences instead of wind effects under near-neutral and mixed marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) stability conditions. However, latent heat anomalies are mainly induced by wind speed under changing MABL conditions. The sensible heat flux is much weaker, with its anomalies dominated by sea–air temperature differences regardless of the boundary layer condition. The observational results are used to examine the discrepancies in turbulent heat fluxes and associated air–sea variables in reanalysis products. The comparisons indicate that latent and sensible heat fluxes in the reanalysis are overestimated by approximately 55 and 3 W m−2, respectively. These overestimations are mainly induced by higher estimates of sea–air humidity/temperature differences. The relative humidity is underestimated by approximately 4.2% in the two high-resolution reanalysis products. The higher SST (near-surface specific humidity) and lower air temperature (specific air humidity) eventually lead to higher estimates of sea–air humidity/temperature differences (1.75 g kg−1/0.25°C), which are the dominant factors controlling the variations in the air–sea turbulent heat fluxes.

Significance Statement
Air–sea interactions are significant in predicting the onset of East Asian monsoon systems, including the SCSSM. During the SCSSM in 2021, four buoys and cruise observations are used to investigate anomalies in the latent and sensible heat fluxes. The physical mechanism of the variations in turbulent heat fluxes under different MABL stability conditions is explored in this study. The humidity and wind speed anomalies play roles under mixed boundary conditions in determining the high-resolution variations in latent heat fluxes. Based on these observational results, the heat fluxes and associated air–sea variables from reanalysis products are compared to identify the differences in the operational systems. These comparison results can help improve the reanalysis to obtain better monsoon predictions.
The Effect of 2019 Coronavirus Stay-at-Home Order on Geriatric Trauma Patients in Southern California
Authors: Manasa Morgan , Yeates Eric O , Grigorian Areg , Barrios Cristobal , Schellenberg Morgan , Owattanapanich Natthida , Barmparas Galinos , Margulies Daniel , Juillard Catherine , Garber Kent , Cryer Henry , Tillou Areti , Burruss Sigrid , Penaloza-Villalobos Liz , Lin Ann , Figueras Ryan Arthur , Coimbra Raul , Brenner Megan , Costantini Todd , Santorelli Jarrett , Curry Terry , Wintz Diane , Biffl Walter L , Schaffer Kathryn B , Duncan Thomas K. , Barbaro Casey , Diaz Graal , Johnson Arianne , Tay-Lasso Erika , Chinn Justine , Naaseh Ariana , Leung Amanda , Grabar Christina , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: June 2023

Background California issued stay-at-home (SAH) orders to mitigate COVID-19 spread. Previous studies demonstrated a shift in mechanisms of injuries (MOIs) and decreased length of stay (LOS) for the general trauma population after SAH orders. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SAH orders on geriatric trauma patients (GTPs), hypothesizing decreased motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) and LOS. Methods A post-hoc analysis of GTPs (≥65 years old) from 11 level-I/II trauma centers was performed, stratifying patients into 3 groups: before SAH (1/1/2020-3/18/2020) (PRE), after SAH (3/19/2020-6/30/2020) (POST), and a historical control (3/19/2019-6/30/2019) (CONTROL). Bivariate comparisons were performed. Results 5486 GTPs were included (PRE-1756; POST-1706; CONTROL-2024). POST had a decreased rate of MVCs (7.6% vs 10.6%, P = .001; vs 11.9%, P < .001) and pedestrian struck (3.4% vs 5.8%, P = .001; vs 5.2%, P = .006) compared with PRE and CONTROL. Other mechanisms of injury, LOS, mortality, and operations performed were similar between cohorts. However, POST had a lower rate of discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF) (20% vs 24.5%, P = .001; and 20% vs 24.4%, P = .001). Conclusion This retrospective multicenter study demonstrated lower rates of MVCs and pedestrian struck for GTPs, which may be explained by decreased population movement as a result of SAH orders. Contrary to previous studies on the generalized adult population, no differences in other MOIs and LOS were observed after SAH orders. However, there was a lower rate of discharge to SNF, which may be related to a lack of resources due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and thus potentially negatively impacted recovery of GTPs. Keywords
Influence of hybrid nano/micro particles on the mechanical performance of cross-ply carbon fibre fabric reinforced epoxy polymer composite materials
Authors: Srivastava Vijay K , Quadflieg Till , Gries Thomas 
Published: June 2023

This study presents the flexural strength, compressive strength, and impact energy behaviour of graphene nanoplates and fly ash microparticle-loaded cement-based CFRP composites manufactured by the vacuum-assisted resin infusion method (VARIM). The composite structures consist of a fixed ratio of graphene nanoplates (2%), fly ash (2%), silica (2%), cement (2%), and sand (4%) particles filled into cross-plied carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin polymer composite beams and columns. Composites fabricated by hand lay-up methods because of infiltration problems. A three-point bending test through the width was used to measure the flexural strength of the graphene nanoplate (GnP)-filled CFRP composite beam. The low-velocity Izod impact and Charpy impact tests through the thickness were used to determine Charpy impact energy (3.46 J), Izod impact energy (2.5 J), and the dynamic fracture toughness of notch specimens under Charpy (28.5 KJ/m2) and Izod impact (25.0 KJ/m2). Also, the compressive test method was used to measure the compressive strength of hybrid particles and short glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composite square and circular columns. The results show compressive strength and flexural strength. Izod impact energy, Charpy impact energy, and dynamic fracture toughness of hybrid nano/microparticle-filled fibre composites have higher values than virgin fibre composites because of the influence of graphene nanoparticles and the perfect interface bonding between two dissimilar molecules of nano and microparticles, which improve the fracture toughness and absorb impact energy. Overall, the results show that molecules of nano/microparticle-filled carbon fibre and glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composites can be used in seismic wave resistance because of their improved mechanical properties compared to virgin fibre composites. In addition, SEM micrographs clearly show that nano- and microparticles are resistant to crack propagation and the debonding of matrix fibres.
Effect of Educational Intervention Program on Self-Efficacy of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Christiana Nkiru , Onyenekwe Chinedu Charles , Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Umunnah Joseph Onuuwa , Okoro Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem , Mbanuzuru Ahaoma Victor , Agunwah Ukamaka Elizabeth , Odira Chika Chioma , Makata Eucharia Ngozi , Nwankwo Chinenye Mercy 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease, which requires a level of confidence among the sufferers in its management. This study investigated the effect of an educational intervention program on self-efficacy (SE) in diabetic individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South-East, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental controlled study, comprising 382 individuals with type 2 DM selected, and assigned to intervention (IG) and control groups (CG). The instrument for data collection was the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (SCDS). Pretest data were collected, and thereafter education on diabetes management was given to the IG group. The IG was followed up for 6 months. At the end of 6 months, post-test data were collected using the same instrument. Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square test statistics. A P-value less than .05 alpha level was considered significant. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before intervention. However, after 6 months of intervention, a significant proportion of participants’ scores in IG moved from low to either moderate, or high SE in almost all the SE domains ( P < .05. Conclusions: There was an improvement in most domains of self-efficacy in the intervention group after 6 months of educational intervention.
Exploring implementation processes of a parent-targeted educational video for improving newborn pain treatment: A sequential exploratory mixed-methods study
Authors: Larocque Catherine , Venegas Carolina Lavin , Dunn Sandra , Campbell-Yeo Marsha , Gilmore Lucy , Harrold JoAnn , Hu Jiale , McArthur Leanne , Modanloo Shokoufeh , Nicholls Stuart G , O’Flaherty Pat , Premji Shahirose Sadrudin , Reszel Jessica , Semenic Sonia , Squires Janet E , Stevens Bonnie , Taljaard Monica , Trepanier Marie-Josee , Venter Kathy , Wilding Jodi , Harrison Denise 
Published: June 2023

Despite known analgesic effects of breastfeeding (BF), skin-to-skin care (SSC), and sweet solutions (sucrose) for newborns, these interventions remain underutilized. Our team produced a five-minute parent-targeted video (BSweet2Babies) demonstrating BF, SSC, and sucrose during newborn blood sampling. We conducted a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study with eight maternal-newborn units across Ontario, Canada to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing the video and the three pain management strategies. Over a 6-month period, data collection included 15 telephone interviews, two email communications, and three community of practice teleconferences with the participating sites ( n = 8). We used the Theoretical Domains Framework as the coding matrix. Participants discussed integrating the video in prenatal education and the importance of involving leadership when planning for practice change. Key barriers included lack of comfort with parental presence, perception of high complexity of the strategies, short postpartum stays, competing priorities, and interprofessional challenges. Key facilitators included alignment with the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, modeling by Lactation Consultants, and frequent reminders.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Toddler Sensory Profile 2 for Brazilian Children Aged 7 to 35 Months
Authors: Almohalha Lucieny , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira , Pfeifer Luzia Iara 
Published: June 2023

Aim To organize a cross-cultural adaptation study and analyze the reproducibility and test-retest reliability of a Brazilian version of the Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (TSP2Br) for children aged 7–35 months. Methods The English language version of the profile was translated and culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, administered to 168 caregivers of toddlers aged 7–35 months, and then re-administered to a portion of the sample (39 caregivers; 23%) for 7–14 days for test-retest reliability. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability was analyzed using the Cronbach’s alpha and kappa coefficient, respectively. As it is a norm-referenced standardized assessment, the cut-off scores used were 1.0 and 2.0 standard deviations above and below the mean for each group of items established as the preliminary cut-off scores for the Brazilian children. Results The TSP2Br showed good internal consistency (>0.70) when measured on the total scale; however, when it was analyzed for sensory areas, five to seven areas presented alpha values <.70. By quadrants, alpha was <.70, for all items. The test-retest values fell into the category of near-perfect agreement (.89–.97). The preliminary cut-off points of the Brazilian scores were distinct from those of the Americans. Conclusions The TSP2Br showed preliminary reliability and validity in the identification of sensory processing problems in Brazilian children aged 7–35 months; however, it would be necessary to increase the sample size to generalize our findings to the general Brazilian population.
Safety and efficacy of transgraft internal trapping after proximal internal carotid artery ligation with high-flow bypass
Authors: Dofuku Shogo , Tsuruta Wataro , Hosoo Hisayuki , Hara Takayuki , Matsumaru Yuji 
Published: June 2023

Objective Proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) ligation with high-flow bypass is an important vascular reconstructive technique for giant ICA aneurysms or skull base tumors involving the ICA to control intraoperative bleeding. Retrograde or collateral blood flow occasionally remains postoperatively and requires complete internal trapping. Although transgraft internal trapping is one of the options, there are few reports on transgraft treatment. The purpose of this study was to report our experience of transgraft internal trapping and evaluate the safety and efficacy of this procedure. Methods We retrospectively selected patients who underwent transgraft internal trapping after proximal ICA ligation with high-flow bypass between January 2012 and June 2020. Results We encountered five cases of this procedure (one aneurysm case and four tumor cases). The median duration between the bypass and transgraft internal trapping was 12 days. In four out of five cases, a guiding catheter could be placed in the graft. No disruption of the anastomosis was observed. Transgraft internal trapping was achieved in all five cases with detachable coils. All treatments could be completed safely without any adverse events, including ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. Conclusions Transgraft internal trapping after proximal ICA ligation with high-flow bypass may be an option for preventing residual retrograde blood flow.
Evaluation of acute mechanical revascularization in minor stroke (NIHSS score ⩽ 5) and large vessel occlusion: The MOSTE multicenter, randomized, clinical trial protocol
Authors: Arquizan Caroline , Lapergue Bertrand , Gory Benjamin , Labreuche Julien , Henon Hilde , Albucher Jean-François , Sibon Igor , Turc Guillaume , Richard Sebastien , Nouri Nasreddine , Cognard Christophe , Marnat Gauthier , Naggara Olivier , Di Maria Federico , Duhamel Alain , Jovin Tudor , Costalat Vincent ,   for the MOSTE Trial Investigators
Published: June 2023

Rationale: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the standard of care for patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO) of the anterior circulation. Conversely, its benefit in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ⩽ 5 is unproven. Aim: To demonstrate the superiority of immediate MT plus best medical treatment (BMT) compared to BMT (with secondary MT in case of deterioration) for increasing the rate of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ⩽ 1 at 90 days after minor stroke (NIHSS score ⩽ 5) and anterior circulation LVO. Sample size estimates: To detect an absolute increase of 10% (80% power) in the 90-day mRS score = 0–1 rate in the MT + BMT group, by assuming an mRS score = 0–1 rate of 60% in the BMT group and by considering two interim efficacy/futility analyses (after study completion by 274 and 548 patients), 824 patients must be included by 36 centers in France, Spain, and the USA. Methods and design: MOSTE is an international, multicenter, prospectively randomized into two parallel (1:1) arms, open-label, with blinded endpoint trial. Eligibility criteria are diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke within 23 h of last-seen-well, NIHSS score ⩽ 5, and LVO in the anterior circulation (intracranial internal carotid artery, M1 or M1-M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery). Study outcomes: The primary endpoint is the rate of excellent outcome at day 90 (mRS score = 0–1). Secondary endpoints include the rates of 90-day mRS score = 0–2 and score = 0, NIHSS score change, secondary MT, revascularization and infarct volume growth at 24 h, and quality of life and cognitive function at day 90. Safety outcomes (90-day all-cause mortality, procedural complications, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and rapid NIHSS score worsening) are recorded. Discussion: The MOSTE trial will determine MT efficacy and safety in patients with minor stroke and LVO in the anterior circulation. Trial registration: MOSTE Trial. NCT 03796468
Factors associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing among older persons in primary care settings: Systematic review
Authors: Lee Cia Sin , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Goh Kuan Liang Shawn , Chang Zi Ying , Liew Tau Ming 
Published: June 2023

Background Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is common in primary care and is associated with adverse outcomes. Knowledge of the risk factors of PIP can be critical in designing PIP interventions, especially in guiding our understanding on how PIP occurs in primary care. Objective This systematic review examined factors associated with PIP, specific to primary care. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO for studies related to ‘older persons’, ‘primary care’ and ‘inappropriate prescribing’. Two reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal. Factors associated with PIP were narratively synthesized. Results Of the 1017 articles identified, we included 25 articles and a total of 2,893,925 participants, with average age of 70.4–84.0 years. Risk factors of PIP could be classified into patient, physician and system factors. Patient factors were related to patient demographics (advanced age, lower education level and lower socioeconomic status), medical comorbidities (polypharmacy and multimorbidity) and lifestyle factors (unhealthy habits and use of over-the-counter medications). Physician and system factors included older, male, solo general practitioner (GP), higher number of visits of pharmaceutical sales representatives to GP, centrally located GP practice, and smaller number of older patients following up with GP, and medication source from public health system. Conclusions The findings provide contextual information to guide our understanding of PIP in primary care. Factors identified in this review can inform the design of complex interventions for PIP, as well as be used to develop risk prediction tools to identify high-risk groups who may require further interventions related to PIP.
Influence of menopausal status on physical function and performance: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Walankar Prachita , Kini Raveena , Panhale Vrushali , Desai Nidhi 
Published: June 2023

Objective To compare the physical function and performance in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women. Study design A cross sectional study using convenience sampling method was conducted in 210 women categorized into premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal. Main outcome measures Flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance, cardiovascular endurance, static balance, dynamic balance, and gait speed. Results The mean age of the premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women was 46.55 ± 1.77, 49.54 ± 3.38 and 54.85 ± 3.77 years respectively. There is significant difference observed between premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women in muscle strength, upper limb endurance, lower limb endurance, static balance, dynamic balance, gait speed, and cardiovascular endurance ( p < .05) using Kruskal Wallis test. There is no significant difference observed between the groups for flexibility ( p > .05). Conclusion It was observed that physical function and performance was impaired in postmenopausal women when compared to pre- and perimenopausal women. Hence, these components should be included during assessment which will provide a holistic and multimodal approach toward the understanding, planning and management of postmenopausal women in community settings.
The Impact of Meetings on the Network Governance and Mobility of UN Policy Programs on Environment and Education
Authors: Stahelin Nicolas , McKenzie Marcia 
Published: June 2023

Purpose This paper adds to the understandings of how face-to-face meetings contribute to the network governance and global mobility of United Nations (UN) policy programs on environmental and sustainability education (ESE). Design/Approach/Methods Data from interviews with 13 international ESE policy leaders were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for key themes related to the research purpose. Findings The findings indicate that meetings provide an arena for collaboration and influence on UN ESE policy programs, as well as facilitating the impact of the policy programs on UN member country policy. In addition, attending meetings enables the production of network relations that bind ESE policy communities together across distant locations. They are also a venue for the networking labor involved in forging new relationships and facilitating the social learning that supports global policy mobility. Originality/Value This pilot study enriches understanding of face-to-face meetings as a key vector of policy mobility and a significant factor in the overall network governance of UN organizations and their policy programs. We hope the study contributes to the fields of critical policy studies and ESE, as well as to informing policy actors on how important their participation in meetings can be for the network governance and mobility of UN policy programs.
Emerging Adults’ Experience of Mindful Parenting: Distinct Associations With Their Dispositional and Interpersonal Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Adjustment
Authors: Mera Samira , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , Conlon Elizabeth G. 
Published: June 2023

Experiencing mindful parenting has been positively associated with youth’s dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion, which in turn, relates to better emotional adjustment. However, mindful parenting could also relate to interpersonal mindfulness, which is another form of mindfulness that has had a unique relation with social adjustment. In this study, 458 emerging adults (age of 17–21 years) completed a survey to report their current experience of mindful parenting, dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, interpersonal mindfulness, emotional (general well-being, social anxiety) and social adjustment (friendship quality, prosocial behavior, conflict negotiation). Regression models testing direct and indirect associations showed that mindful parenting was directly but also indirectly associated with emerging adults’ emotional adjustment via dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion (not interpersonal mindfulness), and indirectly associated with social adjustment via interpersonal mindfulness (not dispositional mindfulness or self-compassion). Findings have implications for theory and practice within the areas of mindfulness, parenting, and emerging adults’ emotion regulation and personal adjustment.