bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Markt der cannabisbasierten Arzneimittel in
Deutschland
Authors: Christoffel Volker , Hecker Richard 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungCannabisbasierte Arzneimittel enthalten genuine Inhaltsstoffe aus der
Cannabispflanze, die in Deutschland zur medizinischen Behandlung verordnet
werden dürfen. Die Wirkstoffe können durch chemische Partial-
oder Vollsynthese oder mittels Extraktion aus der offizinellen Droge gewonnen
werden. Auch eine synthetische Variante von
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinnol mit modifizierter Seitenkette
existiert als Arzneimittel im Markt.Seit März 2017 sind in Deutschland auch die getrocknete weibliche
Cannabisblüte und daraus hergestellte Extrakte für die
medizinische Anwendung legalisiert und als Arzneimittel im Rahmen der
BtMVV-Regelung verordnungsfähig. Das therapeutisch wichtigste
Cannabinoid ist das natürlich vorkommende Stereoisomer
(–)-trans-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (INN:
Dronabinol, „THC“). Es verfügt über ein
pleiotropes Wirkspektrum mit analgetischer, muskelrelaxierender, antiemetischer,
appetitanregender und stimmungsaufhellender Komponente. Die medizinische
Anwendung umfasst entsprechende Indikationen, wie chronische Schmerzen, Spastik
und Querschnittserkrankungen, Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der
Chemotherapie, Inappetenz und Kachexie, Tourette-Syndrom 1. Hinsichtlich der Indikationen ist zu
beachten, dass cannabinoidhaltige Arzneimittel ausschließlich
symptomatisch wirken und bislang keine wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse
hinsichtlich eines therapeutischen Nutzens bei der Behandlung der jeweiligen
Primärerkrankung vorliegen. Von den über 100 nachgewiesenen
Phytocannabinoiden in der Pflanze hat in den letzten Jahren die nicht
psychotrope Substanz Cannabidiol (CBD) eine gewisse Bedeutung in der Behandlung
der Epilepsie gewonnen.
An Acromegalic Patient with Sickle Cell Disease Undergoing Endoscopic Trans-Sphenoidal Surgery: Anesthetic Concerns for a Neuroanesthesiologist
Authors: Thappa Priya , Panda Nidhi B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) refers to a group of hemoglobinopathies that include mutations in the gene encoding the β subunit of hemoglobin. The glutamine in the heme portion of the hemoglobin molecule is abnormally substituted by valine. Sickle hemoglobin (hemoglobin type S), when gets deoxygenated, tends to polymerize and aggregate leading to vaso-occlusion and organ ischemia. Such patients are at increased risk of perioperative mortality and severe complications like vaso-occlusive crisis, acute chest syndrome, and congestive heart failure. We describe the perioperative management of a case of SCD with acromegaly scheduled for trans-sphenoidal removal of a functional pituitary adenoma. The acromegalic habitus, the cardiovascular effects of acromegaly, and the hormonal imbalances due to pituitary adenoma pose challenges in addition to the challenge of preventing complications of SCD making the anesthetic management more exigent.
Year in Review: Synopsis of Selected Articles in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care from 2022
Authors: Nijs Kristof , Chhabra Swati , Venkatraghavan Lashmi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis review is a synopsis of selected articles from neuroscience, neuroanesthesia, and neurocritical care from the year 2022 (January–November 2022). The journals reviewed include anesthesia journals, critical care medicine journals, neurosurgical journals as well as high-impact medical journals such as the Lancet, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), and Stroke. The summary of important articles will serve to update the knowledge of neuroanesthesiologists and other perioperative physicians who provide care to neurosurgical and neurocritical cases.
Biased Trade Narratives and Its Influence on Development Studies: A Multi-level Mixed-Method Approach
Authors: Aistleitner Matthias , Puehringer Stephan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent evidence from citation analysis (Mitra et al., World Dev 135:105076, 2020) suggests that research published in top economic journals is becoming more influential in the development discourse. In this article, we argue that this trend has nontrivial implications for the development discourse on trade in general. Based on an analysis of more than 400 papers published in high-impact economic journals between 1997 and 2017, we highlight three core trade narratives that stand for different biases apparent in the elite economic discourse on trade: “trade championing”, “Ignorance in a world full of nails” and “microfounding trade benefits”. Further insights derived from citation analysis of five development studies journals and a case-study-oriented approach that focusses on the reception of this particular trade debate in World Development suggests that these biased trade narratives are effectively transmitted into development research.
Long-read Pore-C shows the 3D structure of the cattle genome
Authors: Nguyen Loan T. , Jung Hyungtaek , Ma Jun , Andersen Stacey , Ross Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

Context Recent advances in molecular technology have allowed us to examine the cattle genome with an accuracy never before possible. Genetic variations, both small and large, as well as the transcriptional landscape of the bovine genome, have both been explored in many studies. However, the topological configuration of the genome has not been extensively investigated, largely due to the cost of the assays required. Such assays can both identify topologically associated domains and be used for genome scaffolding. Aims This study aimed to implement a chromatin conformation capture together with long-read nanopore sequencing (Pore-C) pipeline for scaffolding a draft assembly and identifying topologically associating domains (TADs) of a Bos indicus Brahman cow. Methods Genomic DNA from a liver sample was first cross-linked to proteins, preserving the spatial proximity of loci. Restriction digestion and proximity ligation were then used to join cross-linked fragments, followed by nucleic isolation. The Pore-C DNA extracts were then prepped and sequenced on a PromethION device. Two genome assemblies were used to analyse the data, namely, one generated from sequencing of the same Brahman cow, and the other is the ARS-UCD1.2 Bos taurus assembly. The Pore-C snakemake pipeline was used to map, assign bins and scaffold the draft and current annotated bovine assemblies. The contact matrices were then used to identify TADs. Key results The study scaffolded a chromosome-level Bos indicus assembly representing 30 chromosomes. The scaffolded assembly showed a total of 215 contigs (2.6 Gbp) with N50 of 44.8 Mb. The maximum contig length was 156.8 Mb. The GC content of the scaffold assembly is 41 ± 0.02%. Over 50% of mapped chimeric reads identified for both assemblies had three or more contacts. This is the first experimental study to identify TADs in bovine species. In total, 3036 and 3094 TADs across 30 chromosomes were identified for input Brahman and ARS-UCD1.2 assemblies respectively. Conclusions The Pore-C pipeline presented herein will be a valuable approach to scaffold draft assemblies for agricultural species and understand the chromatin structure at different scales. Implications The Pore-C approach will open a new era of 3D genome-organisation studies across agriculture species.
Muscle typology influences the number of repetitions to failure during resistance training
Authors: Van Vossel Kim , Hardeel Julie , Van de Casteele Freek , de Jager Sarah , Lievens Eline , Boone Jan , Derave Wim 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether muscle typology (muscle fibre type composition) is related to maximal strength and whether it can explain the high inter‐individual variability in number of repetitions to failure during resistance training. Ninety‐five resistance training novices (57 males) were assessed for their maximal isometric knee extension strength and muscle typology. Muscle typology was estimated by measuring carnosine in the soleus, gastrocnemius and/or vastus lateralis using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Forty‐four subjects (22 males) performed dynamic strength tests (1RM) and 3 sets of leg extensions and curls to failure (60%1RM) to determine the association between muscle typology and (total) number of repetitions. Twenty‐one subjects performed additional biceps curls and triceps extensions (60%1RM) to assess influence of exercise, 23 subjects performed additional leg extensions and curls at 80% and 40%1RM to evaluate influence of training load. There was a weak but significant relationship between muscle typology and maximal isometric strength (r = 0.22, p = 0.03) favouring the fast typology individuals. Slow and fast typology individuals did not differ in upper arm and upper leg 1RM. Total number of repetitions was related to muscle typology at 80% (r = −0.42; p = 0.04) and 60% (p = −0.44; p = 0.003) but not at 40%1RM. Slow typology individuals performed more repetitions to failure at 60%1RM in the leg extension (p = 0.03), leg curl (p = 0.01) and biceps curl (p = 0.02). In conclusion, muscle typology has a small contribution to maximal isometric strength but not dynamic strength and partly determines the number of repetitions to failure during resistance training. This insight can help individualizing resistance training prescriptions.
Influence of preterm birth on physical fitness in early childhood
Authors: Martinez‐Zamora Marcos D. , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Esteban Díez Inés , Martínez‐de‐Quel Óscar 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTEvidence suggests that preterm birth is associated with an impaired physical fitness later in life, but whether these effects are already visible since early childhood remains unknown. We aimed to compare the physical fitness of preterm preschoolers with that of children born at term. Children aged three to six years and born preterm (<35 weeks) were recruited from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and children born at term (>37 weeks) were included as controls. A variety of physical fitness indicators (strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, agility, flexibility and balance) were assessed with the PREFIT battery and the adapted sit and reach test. Physical activity levels were measured through the PrePAQ questionnaire. A total of 98 preterm children (gestational age 32.4 ± 2.3 weeks, age 5.1 ± 0.8 years) and 74 controls (gestational age 39.9 ± 1.0 weeks, age 4.8 ± 0.9 years) were analysed. Despite no significant differences in physical activity levels (p > 0.05), preterm children showed an overall poorer physical fitness compared to controls. Specifically, preterm children had an impaired handgrip strength (−13.95%, p < 0.001), lower‐limb muscle strength (−12.67%, p = 0.003), agility (−14.9%, p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (−12.73% p = 0.005) and flexibility (−17.04%, p = 0.001) compared to controls. An inverse dose–response association was observed between the level of prematurity and physical fitness, with very preterm children (gestational age ≤32 weeks) presenting the poorest fitness levels. In summary, prematurity seems to impair physical fitness since early childhood, which might support the need for promoting preventive strategies (e.g. fitness monitoring and applying exercise interventions).Highlights

Preterm children present an impaired physical fitness compared with peers born at term since early childhood (3–6 years), as reflected by lower muscle strength, agility, flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness.
A greater impairment of physical fitness in observed in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks of gestation).
These findings might support the implementation of preventive strategies (e.g. fitness monitoring and exercise training) in preterm children since early childhood.
Topological interface states by energy hopping within power-law variable section waveguides
Authors: Ma Chengzhi , Niu Jiamin , Wu Jiu Hui , Ma Fuyin , Huang Zhen , Cui Zhanyou 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An energy-hopping one-dimensional acoustical topology within power-law variable section waveguides is proposed in this paper, wherein a topological phase transition results from the energy in the basic unit hopping to the nearby unit, with the same energy mode causing its energy band to first close and then open. This study can achieve improved sound energy at the topological interface state and further regulate sound energy based on enhanced sound energy. The large open hole determines the wide frequency range where the designable topological interface state is constructed and the power law of the curve of the structure can adjust the size of the common forbidden band of the two topological states to further improve the bandwidth. The small open hole regulates the magnitude of the acoustic energy at the topological interface state. This research will provide guidance for designing acoustic devices with different frequencies and different acoustic energy concentrations and realizing engineering applications of other multifunctional acoustic devices.
A simplified laser-to-chip edge coupling scheme using 3D SU-8 taper
Authors: Mao Xinrui , Li Yanping , Xu Wanjin , Chu Zihao , Ran Guangzhao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, we design and simulate a three-dimensional (3D) SU-8 tapered edge coupler for effectively guiding light from an edge-emitting semiconductor laser diode directly to a silicon waveguide to realize a hybrid on-chip silicon light source. A series of coupling efficiencies for the commonly used top silicon thicknesses of the silicon-on-insulator wafers from 220 to 3000 nm are obtained, showing that this polymer taper can largely improve the coupling efficiency when the silicon waveguide thickness is moderate, for instance, from 41% (with no taper) to 67% for the 700 nm- thick silicon waveguide under 1 μm gap offset and relax the lateral misalignment tolerance to above one micron by suppressing the butt refractive index contrast and the mode mismatch between the laser diode and the silicon waveguide. Wave transformation inside the tapered coupler and the input silicon waveguide has also been revealed by 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations. This 3D tapered coupler is cost effective and easily fabricated which can have wide practical applications in massive production of various silicon photonic chips based on the present complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor foundry.
Event-activity-dependent production of strange and non-strange charmed baryons in the enhanced color-reconnection scheme
Authors: Varga Zoltán , Misák Anett , Vértesi Róbert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigated the production of charmed baryons with different isospin and strangeness content, compared to both charmed D0 mesons and to the

Λ

c

+

baryon in proton–proton collisions at LHC energies. We used the PYTHIA 8 Monte Carlo event generator with color reconnection beyond leading-color approximation and proposed methods based on event-activity classifiers to probe the source of the charmed-baryon enhancement. We conclude that in the considered model class, the isospin of the charmed-baryon state has a strong impact on the enhancement pattern. Using the observables we propose, upcoming high-precision experimental data will be able to differentiate between mechanisms of strangeness and charm enhancement.
Direct formation of interlayer excitons in MoSSe/WSSe van der Waals heterobilayer
Authors: Li Fengping , Wang Yuanyuan , Liang Yan , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Wei Wei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In respect to the van der Waals structures composed of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, the interlayer excitonic physics plays a determinative role in the exciting new phenomena and applications in such as photonics, optoelectronics and valleytronics. In this work, beyond the well-accepted, conventional indirect two-step process, we proved that the large interlayer polarization can cause the direct formation of interlayer excitons in MoSSe/WSSe. In MoSSe/WSSe, the interlayer exciton with a sizable oscillator strength is located at 1.49 eV, well below the characteristic intralayer excitons, with a significantly reduced exciton binding energy of 0.28 eV and an improved exciton lifetime of 2.25 ns.
Electromagnetic-mechanical coupling analysis and optimization method of electromagnetic vibroseis
Authors: Chen Yuda , Xing Xuefeng , Sun Feng , Lin Jun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Electromagnetic vibroseis is an important seismic wave excitation device. At present, the research of electromagnetic vibroseis mainly focuses on application and prototype design, lacking research on electromagnetic-mechanical coupling. Analyzing the electromagnetic-mechanical coupling and optimizing the air gap magnetic field is of great significance to improve the excitation quality of low-frequency seismic waves. In this paper, the electromagnetic-mechanical coupling is analyzed by studying the parameter force factor, and two novel optimal designs of the air gap magnetic field are proposed. Firstly, the finite element model of the air gap magnetic field is established, and the influence of the force factor distribution curve on the vibration signal is analyzed by using the Gaussian function and parameter spline difference method. Further, an asymmetrical axial dual-magnet design is proposed to enhance the radial magnetic induction intensity

B

r

in the air gap. The design of adding a radial magnet to the outer yoke is proposed to compensate for the nonlinearity of the

B

r

in the air gap. The simulation results show that the asymmetric axial dual-magnet structure increases the

B

r

by 22.2% compared with the axial single-magnet structure. Adding a radial magnet to the outer yoke reduces the amplitude ratio of the third harmonic to the fundamental wave from 23.24% to 4.66%. It is necessary to consider the influence of the height of the driving coils on the maximum displacement, force factor distribution curve, and harmonic distortion.
Development of a portable pulsed fast ⩾106 neutron generator based on a flexible miniature plasma focus tube
Authors: Niranjan Ram , Srivastava Rohit , Joycee J , Joshi K D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A plasma focus device is a laboratory fusion device that is used to produce pulsed neutrons for a few tens of ns duration. A compact plasma focus tube (volume ≈ 130 cm3) has been developed, and this was connected to a newly developed capacitor bank using 24 coaxial cables, each 10 m long. The capacitor bank was of compact size and consisted of four energy storage capacitors (each 6 µF, 20 kV, size: 20 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm). The peak discharge current of the capacitor bank was estimated to be 176 kA with a rise time of around 3.6 µs at maximum 4.8 kJ operation energy. The average neutron yield was observed to be maximum (3.1 ± 1.0) × 106 neutrons/pulse with a pulse duration of 15–25 ns at an operating energy of 2.7 kJ (15 kV) and deuterium gas filling pressure of 4 mbar. Long coaxial cables allow only the plasma focus head (neutron source) to be moved as per need, making this a portable pulsed neutron source that is useful in many applications, including in extreme conditions, such as in borehole logging applications for oil and mineral mapping. This report describes the various components of this portable neutron generator together with its neutron emission characteristics.
On the power of one pure steered state for EPR-steering with a pair of qubits
Authors: Song Qiu-Cheng , Baker Travis J , Wiseman Howard M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As originally introduced, the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) phenomenon was the ability of one party (Alice) to steer, by her choice between two measurement settings, the quantum system of another party (Bob) into two distinct ensembles of pure states. As later formalized as a quantum information task, EPR-steering can be shown even when the distinct ensembles comprise mixed states, provided they are pure enough and different enough. Consider the scenario where Alice and Bob each have a qubit and Alice performs dichotomic projective measurements. In this case, the states in the ensembles to which she can steer form the surface of an ellipsoid

in Bob’s Bloch ball. Further, let the steering ellipsoid

have nonzero volume (as it must if the qubits are entangled). It has previously been shown that if Alice’s first measurement setting yields an ensemble comprising two pure states, then this, plus any one other measurement setting, will demonstrate EPR-steering. Here we consider what one can say if the ensemble from Alice’s first setting contains only one pure state

, occurring with probability

p

p

. Using projective geometry, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition analytically for Alice to be able to demonstrate EPR-steering of Bob’s state using this and some second setting, when the two ensembles from these lie in a given plane. Based on this, we show that, for a given

, if

p

p

is high enough [

] then any distinct second setting by Alice is sufficient to demonstrate EPR-steering. Similarly, we derive a

such that

is necessary for Alice to demonstrate EPR-steering using only the first setting and some other setting. Moreover, the expressions we derive are tight; for spherical steering ellipsoids, the bounds coincide:

.
Effect of Sr substitution on the structural, electronic and thermoelectric properties of the Zintl-phase compound BaZn
2
Sb
2
Authors: Hamidani Ali , Bennecer Badis , Zanat Kamel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of Ba1−x
Sr
x
Zn2Sb2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) are studied by the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method in the density functional theory (DFT) framework. The band structure and density of states of the studied system are calculated using PBE functional and Tran-Blaha modifed Becke-Johnson (mBJ) exchange potential. Our generalized gradient approximation (GGA) results show that the system exhibits a phase transition from the orthorhombic phase to the trigonal one at x = 60%. With the TB-mBJ potential these compounds are narrow-gap semiconductors with a direct band gap for x = 0 and 0.25, whereas an indirect band gap semiconductor for x = 0.5 and 0.75. The thermoelectric properties are calculated using the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. The temperature dependence of thermoelectric transport properties of these compounds is discussed and compared with available experimental data. Substitution of Ba by Sr leads to an increase in the figure of merit (ZT). The Seebeck coefficients and ZT of Ba0.75Sr0.25Zn2Sb2 and Ba0.5Sr0.5Zn2Sb2 are even larger than those of BaZn2Sb2. The predicted highest ZT values are found for x = 0.5 at higher temperature.