bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An image‐based technique for automated root disease severity assessment using PlantCV
Authors: Pierz Logan D. , Heslinga Dilyn R. , Buell C. Robin , Haus Miranda J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPremisePlant disease severity assessments are used to quantify plant–pathogen interactions and identify disease‐resistant lines. One common method for disease assessment involves scoring tissue manually using a semi‐quantitative scale. Automating assessments would provide fast, unbiased, and quantitative measurements of root disease severity, allowing for improved consistency within and across large data sets. However, using traditional Root System Markup Language (RSML) software in the study of root responses to pathogens presents additional challenges; these include the removal of necrotic tissue during the thresholding process, which results in inaccurate image analysis.MethodsUsing PlantCV, we developed a Python‐based pipeline, herein called RootDS, with two main objectives: (1) improving disease severity phenotyping and (2) generating binary images as inputs for RSML software. We tested the pipeline in common bean inoculated with Fusarium root rot.ResultsQuantitative disease scores and root area generated by this pipeline had a strong correlation with manually curated values (R2 = 0.92 and 0.90, respectively) and provided a broader capture of variation than manual disease scores. Compared to traditional manual thresholding, images generated using our pipeline did not affect RSML output.DiscussionOverall, the RootDS pipeline provides greater functionality in disease score data sets and provides an alternative method for generating image sets for use in available RSML software.
Mesomeric Betaines Based on Adamantylated 1,2,4‐Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐ones: Synthesis, Structure and Conversion into Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Sheina Ekaterina S. , Shestakova Tatyana S. , Deev Sergey L. , Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Eltsov Oleg S. , Novikov Alexander S. , Shevyrin Vadim A. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe C−N coupling of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐ones with 1‐adamantanol/1‐bromoadamantane leads to 1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidinium‐5‐olates, which are represented as mesomeric betaines (MBs). The formation of MBs involves not only N‐alkylation of heterocyclic framework but also the rearrangement leading to a change in the type of fusion between pyrimidine and 1,2,4‐triazole fragments. The structures of the obtained products were confirmed by the X‐ray analysis and measurements of 13C−13C (JCC) coupling constants in the 1D 13C NMR spectra of selectively 13C‐labeled samples. Treatment of the betaines with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS) gave anionic carbenes, which were detected by 13C NMR spectroscopy and were trapped by reactions with phenyl isothiocyanate and sulfur. Density functional theory (DFT) and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses allowed for an insight into the electronic structure of the obtained betaines and N‐heterocyclic carbene derivatives.
Practical active traction control for independent‐wheel‐drive electric vehicle based on slip‐ratio threshold determination
Authors: Wang Junnian , Gao Shoulin , Lv Siwen , Sun Jie , Sun Wen , Yang Zhihua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe traditional traction control system (TCS) based on hydraulic braking only works when the wheels are slipping, which will cause the problem of slow response to extreme slip. In addition, the TCS of four‐wheel‐independent‐drive electric vehicle (4WIDEV) is often based on road adhesion characteristics identification or optimal slip ratio identification to implement active control, which is difficult to achieve in engineering. Aiming at this problem, a practical active TCS is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the wheel slip state of the front and rear axles, the dynamic transfer of torque between axles is realized to maintain the vehicle propulsion power. Second, the adhesion conditions between road and tire are classified, and two sets of target slip ratio thresholds are formulated for high and low adhesion pavement, respectively. Then the current road adhesion coefficient is estimated by using the advantage that the in‐wheel motor torque can be obtained in real‐time. Thirdly, the overall framework of the control strategy is established, the logic threshold control algorithm is adopted for tracking the wheel target slip ratio. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed active TCS can improve the vehicle power and avoid excessive wheel slipping.
Using self‐report surveys in schools to study violence in alternative care: A methodological approach
Authors: Ellonen Noora , Pösö Tarja , Mielityinen Laura , Paavilainen Eija 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article we explore a Finnish nationally representative self‐report survey (N = 155, 299) conducted in a school as a tool to advance the study of violence in alternative care. By analysing the survey, we were able to provide plausible prevalence and estimates of risk factors of violence in alternative care, suggesting that self‐report surveys conducted in schools are a useful and valid methodology for this type of research. Conducting the survey in a school setting enabled us to reach a nationally representative population of adolescents living in alternative care, which would be difficult to achieve in any other way. However, studying violence in alternative care with a school survey requires a large sample size. Even with quite a substantial dataset, detailed explanatory analyses were not possible due to the low number of observations. This emphasises the importance of other types of data in addition to survey data in explanatory analysis. Based on this study, we concluded that nationally representative self‐report surveys conducted in schools could provide a useful tool and possibilities for replicable research design, which could thereby develop the research field further.
Investigating real‐world impact of optical coherence tomography workflow‐guided coronary interventions: Design and rationale of the LightLab Clinical Initiative
Authors: Buccola Jana , Meinen Jennifer , Spinelli Joia , Hammerstone Michael , Rapoza Richard , West Nick E. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe LightLab Clinical Initiative was designed to examine adoption of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging during routine percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice, and enable identification and reduction of barriers to broader adoption of intracoronary imaging in real‐world practice.BackgroundIntracoronary imaging guidance during PCI has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and features as a recommendation in societal guidelines, yet widespread routine adoption remains low. Perceived barriers to utilization include familiarity with, and ability to interpret imaging, concerns over added procedure time and contrast load, alongside a lack of actionable outcome data.Methods and ResultsLightLab was a multicenter prospective observational data‐gathering project, conducted between January 2019, and June 2021, with 17 participating hospitals and physicians. Data were gathered in real‐time, where OCT guidance was employed during PCI using a standardized OCT‐guided workflow algorithm, MLD MAX (where MLD stands for plaque Morphology, lesion Length, vessel Diameter and MAX for Medial dissection, stent Apposition, stent eXpansion) which was developed to simplify and integrate information from OCT throughout the PCI procedure. Integration of this workflow/algorithm was implemented through a series of phases, focusing on physician decision‐making, efficiency, and safety improvements during the procedure.ConclusionsThrough real‐time, prospective procedural data acquisition in the cardiac catheterization laboratory setting, the LightLab Clinical Initiative demonstrates the impact of a standardized OCT‐guided workflow on procedural metrics, including time, contrast use, radiation exposure, as well as financial efficiencies such as device utilization. These results can potentially mitigate underlying concerns over the utility of adoption of intracoronary imaging guidance during PCI.
Stress coefficients for hybrid bermudagrass in the transition zone
Authors: Ketchum Cory , Miller Grady , Pinnix Garland 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of drought tolerant turfgrass cultivars is desirable due to greater water use efficiency and sustained acceptable turfgrass quality during times of drought stress. Crop coefficients (Kc) have traditionally been utilized to assist in reducing irrigation by comparing reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of specific crops. However, Kc values are most relevant during times of nonlimiting conditions and do not quantify the amount turfgrasses restrict evapotranspiration (ET) under moderate drought stress. Stress coefficients (Ks) estimate water needs while maintaining minimally acceptable turfgrass quality. The objective of this study was to derive Ks values for four bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivars managed in the transition zone. Direct measurements of actual evapotranspiration were made through weighing lysimetry during a 2‐year field study. Experimental units were allowed to naturally dry down near wilting point and maintained at a steady level of soil moisture to calculate Ks for each cultivar. A lower Ks value indicates increased turfgrass tolerance to water stress; whereas a Ks value ≥1 suggests higher soil moisture levels are required to sustain turfgrass quality. ‘TifTuf’, ‘Latitude 36’ and ‘Tifway’ were the best performing cultivars with mean Ks values of 0.747, 0.766, and 0.796, respectively. ‘Celebration’ had the highest Ks value of 0.944. The results indicate certain bermudagrass cultivars can maintain quality with less soil water, and the reduced water requirements may be used to schedule efficient irrigation applications.
Severity and intractableness of skin infections caused by Panton–Valentine leukocidin‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kawakami Tamihiro , Yokoyama Kae , Ikeda Takaharu , Kaneko Hiroshi , Watanabe Yuji , Nakaminami Hidemasa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCases of skin infections caused by Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL)‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly USA300 clone, have been increasing in Japan. We report that clinical findings of 5 patients with PVL‐positive MRSA and compared to those of four patients with PVL‐negative MRSA. Severities of patients with PVL‐positive MRSA were significantly higher than those of patients with PVL‐negative MRSA. Average durations of antimicrobial therapy for patients with PVL‐positive MRSA were 3.4‐fold longer than those for patients with PVL‐negative MRSA. Our data suggest that PVL‐positive MRSA should be deal with a causative agent for intractable skin infections in Japan likewise other countries.
Improvement of mass and heat transfer efficiency in a scale‐up microfluidic mixer designed by CFD simulation
Authors: Nie Yingying , Zhao Shuangfei , Yu Pengjie , Wei Yimin , Hu Runze , He Wei , Zhu Ning , Li Yuguang , Ji Dong , Guo Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to scale effects, directly enlarging the size of the micromixer is an easy way to reduce the efficiency of mass and heat transfer in the continuous flow chemical process. It is urgently needed to solve the problem of mass and heat transfer efficiency of the scale‐up mixer. A scale‐up microfluidic mixer with a porous structure was designed to improve the mass and heat transfer efficiency using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The effects of rotation angle, porosity, and baffle spacing were studied to optimize the mixer structure. Compared with the 1 mm mixer without structure, the scale‐up mixer has a higher mixing efficiency and an 80% reduction in energy consumption at Re ≥ 700. A Nusselt number was used to evaluate the heat transfer efficiency of the mixer during fluid heating. The results show that the porous baffle promotes the generation of secondary flow and enhances the heat transfer effect, making its Nu increase by three times compared with the unstructured mixer. The scale‐up microfluidic mixer with a porous structure can effectively improve the mass and heat transfer performance. This study can provide a reference for the design or development of a novel scale‐up mixer.
Screening of chemical pulp, revisiting technology options, and the state‐of‐the‐art equipment—A critical review
Authors: Germgård Ulf , Sjöstrand Björn , Fiskari Juha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScreening of pulp can be expressed as a process where solid contaminants are removed from a pulp slurry without an excessive loss of fibres of acceptable quality. The impurities originate from the feedstock, or they are generated during the transport, handling, storage, or pulping process. The most typical impurities include bark, fibre bundles or shives, knots, plastic, rubber, and sand. Moreover, there are also other objectives for screening, such as the improvement of the pulp quality, savings in bleaching chemical consumption, and protection of process equipment. In industrial applications, pulp screening is typically carried out with more than one screen for a more beneficial screening result. The pulp screening equipment can be divided into different types by the separation technique employed, such as atmospheric or pressurized screens, centrifugal screens, vibrating screens, etc. In addition, there are other types of related equipment that are common in the pulp screening process, such as knotters, refiners, and hydrocyclones. The main objective of this review is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of modern screening equipment as well as introduce contemporary screening strategies for chemical pulp mills.
On the use of digital offers by teachers before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic for continuous professional development
Authors: Tscheslog Rebecca , Eilks Ingo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFortbildungen tragen maßgeblich zur Unterrichtsqualität bei und sind zumeist verpflichtend für Lehrkräfte. Um Fortbildungen attraktiv zu gestalten und Organisation sowie Angebot entsprechend an die Bedürfnisse der Lehrkräfte anzupassen, bedarf es regelmäßiger Analysen von Fortbildungsverhalten und ‐wünschen. Digitale Alternativen können das Präsenz‐Fortbildungsangebot ergänzen. Während der COVID 19‐Pandemie hat sich im Bereich digitale Medien in der Schule viel weiterentwickelt. In diesem Artikel beleuchten wir, wie Lehrkräfte digitale Medien für die eigene Fort‐ und Weiterbildung nutzen und ob sich das Nutzungsverhalten seit Beginn der COVID 19‐Pandemie geändert hat.
High neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as an early sign of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline
Authors: Baruch Ranny , Zahler David , Zornitzki Lior , Arbel Yaron , Rozenbaum Zach , Arnold Joshua H. , Raphael Ari , Khoury Shafik , Banai Shmuel , Topilsky Yan , Kapusta Livia , Laufer‐Perl Michal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiotoxicity, defined mainly as left ventricle (LV) dysfunction, is a significant side effect of anthracyclines (ANT) therapy. The need for an early simple marker to identify patients at risk is crucial. A high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients; however, its role as a predictor for cardiotoxicity development is unknown.ObjectiveEvaluating whether elevated NLR, during ANT exposure, plays a predictive role in the development of cardiotoxicity as defined by LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) relative reduction (≥10%).Methods and ResultsData were prospectively collected as part of the Israel Cardio‐Oncology Registry. A total of 74 female patients with breast cancer, scheduled for ANT therapy were included. NLR levels were assessed at baseline (T1) and during ANT therapy (T2). All patients underwent serial echocardiography at baseline (T1) and after the completion of ANT therapy (T3). NLR ≥ 2.58 at T2 was found to be the optimal predictive cutoff for LV GLS deterioration. A relative LV GLS reduction ≥10% was significantly more common among patients with high NLR (50% vs. 20%, p = .009). NLR ≥ 2.58 at T2 increases the risk for LV GLS reduction by fourfold (odds ratio [OR]: 4.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–16.5, p = .02), with each increase of 1‐point NLR adding an additional 15% risk (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32, p = .046).ConclusionsOur study provides novel data that high NLR levels, during ANT exposure, have an independent association with the development of LV dysfunction. Routine surveillance of NLR may be an effective means of risk‐stratifying.
Machine learning based asynchronous computational framework for generalized Kalman filter
Authors: Khani Mohammadreza , Abdel‐Qader Ikhlas 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAlthough the Kalman filter algorithms are well suited to be executed on most digital systems, they become slow when applied to large‐scale dynamic systems. Therefore, efficient execution of Kalman filter for the time‐critical and large‐scale applications is of the essence. This work aims to address this necessity by developing a novel framework to improve the performance of a generalized Kalman filter with unknown inputs (GKF‐UI) using multithreaded‐multicore processors and machine learning (ML) classification methods. An asynchronous execution model based on OpenMP message‐passing framework is developed and integrated with a novel supervised ML‐based thread classifier for the GKF‐UI algorithm to enhance execution efficiency. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve up to 35.5× speedup over the serial single‐threaded implementations with no losses in the accuracy or changes to the generality of the filter structure. Moreover, this framework can play a significant role in realizations of computational advantages in large‐scale systems as well as for the time‐critical prediction applications.
Interface Engineering of All‐Solid‐State Batteries Based on Inorganic Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Xi Lei , Zhang Dechao , Xu Xijun , Wu Yiwen , Li Fangkun , Yao Shiyan , Zhu Min , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) based on inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) are one of the most promising strategies for next‐generation energy storage systems and electronic devices due to the higher energy density and intrinsic safety. However, the poor solid‐solid contact and restricted chemical/electrochemical stability of inorganic SEs both in cathode and anode SE interfaces cause contact failure and the degeneration of SEs during prolonged charge‐discharge processes. As a result, the increasing interface resistance significantly affects the coulombic efficiency and cycling performance of ASSBs. Herein, we present a fundamental understanding of physical contact and chemical/electrochemical features of ASSB interfaces based on mainstream inorganic SEs and summarize the recent work on interface modification. SE doping, optimizing morphology, introducing interlayer/coating layer, and utilizing compatible electrode materials are the key methods to prevent side reactions, which are discussed separately in cathode/anode‐SE interface. We also highlight the constant extra stack pressure applied during ASSB cycling, which is important to the electrochemical performance. Finally, our perspectives on interface modification for practical high‐performance ASSBs are put forward.
Intelligent channel estimation in millimeter wave massive MIMO communication system using hybrid deep learning with heuristic improvement
Authors: Suneetha Nallamothu , Satyanarayana Penke 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe major goal of millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems is to get effective channel state information (CSI). Most of the recent works use nuclear norm theory for recovering the low‐rank scheme of channels. Some suboptimal solutions to the rank minimization problem can occur while addressing the nuclear norm‐based convex problem, which degrades the accuracy of channel estimation. Some works recover the channel with the assumption of the mmWave channel using an over‐complete dictionary. On the other hand, the accuracy of available CSI may openly influence the efficiency of mmWave communications. The main intention of this paper is to develop an enhanced channel estimation model with an optimized hybrid deep learning model. Here, the integration of deep neural network (DNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) form the hybrid deep learning model termed optimized D‐LSTM, which is modified by the opposition searched exploration‐based Harris hawks optimization (OE‐HHO). The input to the proposed hybrid deep learning is taken as the correlation among the received signal vectors and the measurement matrix for predicting the beam space channel amplitude. Finally, the successful channel estimation is observed by deep hybrid learning by the experimental outcomes, which also demonstrate that the proposed channel estimation model overwhelms the conventional models in terms of Normalized Mean‐Squared Error (NMSE) and spectral efficiency. The experimental results show that the designed OE‐HHO method obtains 9.2%, 8.9%, 8.65%, and 0.47% progressed than DA, DHOA, GWO, and HHO, respectively. Therefore, higher efficiency is observed by OE‐HHO based mmWave MIMO communication system.
Microfacies analysis of the Palaeocene Lockhart limestone on the eastern margin of the Upper Indus Basin (Pakistan): Implications for the depositional environment and reservoir characteristics
Authors: Bilal Ahmer , Yang Renchao , Janjuhah Hammad Tariq , Mughal Muhammad Saleem , Li Yang , Kontakiotis George , Lenhardt Nils 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA detailed sedimentological analysis of the Palaeocene Lockhart Limestone has been conducted to evaluate the depositional environment, diagenetic processes and hydrocarbon potential of the eastern margin of the Upper Indus Basin. From bottom to top, there are three microfacies recorded. The lower microfacies, composed of fine‐grained micrite and some diagenetic dolomite, reflect the low energy and calm palaeo‐current in the shallower section (1–2 m) of the inner shelf close to shore. The middle microfacies contain algae that suggest 5–15 m of water depth, especially along the inner‐middle shelf, but fractured and mixed bioclasts in micrite material indicate calm to moderately active water close to the wave base. Progressing from the lower microfacies to the middle microfacies, a gradual shift from orthochem to allochem components is observed. The top microfacies is dominated by massive benthic microfossils, indicating moderate energy‐water conditions with normal salinity. However, the presence of limestone intraclasts surrounded by microspar, miliolids and nummulites at the top indicates a high‐energy environment with increasing salinity and water depths from 20 to 130 m. These findings show that the Lockhart Limestone was deposited in a shallow shelf environment, spanning the inner‐mid shelf. Diagenetic processes observed include micritisation, cementation, dissolution, replacement, physical and chemical compaction, and fracture filling by calcite cement. The Lockhart Limestone represents a deepening upward sequence deposited below the shelf margin system tract and highstand systems tract in a regressive environment that could reflect good reservoir characteristics, has the potential to serve as an excellent hydrocarbon reservoir rock, and could be a primary target for future hydrocarbon exploration.