bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin, Wide‐Angle, and High‐Resolution Meta‐Imaging System via Rear‐Position Wavevector Filter
Authors: Xie Ting , Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Bao Hanlin , Jin Jinjin , Cai Jixiang , Chen Lianwei , Guo Yinghui , Feng Xingdong , He Qiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Xiong , Jiang Baoshan , Luo Xiangang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUltrathin metalenses are a revolutionary technology that have emerged in recent years, offering the potential for high‐resolution, wide‐angle imaging in a compact form factor. However, to eliminate imaging aberrations, multilayered structures are often required, which makes the thickness of these devices comparable to the focal length, negating their ultrathin advantage. Here, a novel methodology using a rear‐position wavevector filter is proposed as a solution to this problem, allowing for the necessary thickness to be achieved in subwavelength scale and independent of metalens parameters. Compared with the previous wide‐angle metalens with the minimum ratio of thickness to focal length, this approach has been shown to compress the ratio of thickness to focal length by 55 times compared to traditional metalenses and has been experimentally demonstrated in both the visible and near‐infrared with a maximum diffraction‐limited field of view of over 120°. In addition, this approach can also compress the system length by 50% and increase imaging resolution by more than 3 times. This methodology can be scaled to all spectral bands and has the potential to revolutionize the design paradigm of imaging systems for industrial and research applications.
Characterization of mRNA therapeutics
Authors: Guimaraes Guilherme J. , Kim Jaeah , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTherapeutic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have emerged as powerful tools in the treatment of complex diseases, especially for conditions that lack efficacious treatment. The successful application of this modality can be attributed to its ability to encode entire proteins. While the large nature of these molecules has supported their success as therapeutics, its extended size creates several analytical challenges. To further support therapeutic mRNA development and its deployment in clinical trials, appropriate methods to support their characterization must be developed. In this review, we describe current analytical methods that have been used in the characterization of RNA quality, identity, and integrity. Advantages and limitations from several analytical techniques ranging from gel electrophoresis to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and from shotgun sequencing to intact mass measurements are discussed. We comprehensively describe the application of analytical methods in the measurements of capping efficiency, poly A tail analysis, as well as their applicability in stability studies.
A dual band compact circularly polarized antenna for GPS applications
Authors: Kaur Sarabjeet , Chaurasiya Bharti , Sazid Mohd , Rizvi Navaid Zafar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel dual band antenna with right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP) is fabricated. It consists of a T‐shaped parasitic element on the backside of T‐shaped patch (TSP) and a ground plane. The design comprises a rectangular and CPW fed clearance in the ground plane. The placing of a TSP and connecting rectangular stubs to the ground plane is used to achieve GPS L5 and L2 bands. Circular polarization in GPS L5 and L2 bands is produced by rectangular horizontal stubs and F‐shaped slots (FSS), respectively. The measured results show 34 MHz (1.160–1.194 GHz) and 57 MHz (1.207–1.260 GHz) –10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidths are 10 MHz (1.174–1.184 GHz) and 10 MHz (1.223–1.233 GHz). It also displays a minimum axial ratio of 1.35 and 0.34 dB with broad beamwidth (>100°) essential for the GPS applications. The final design is verified in the experiment. The advantages of the proposed design are compact size, simple structure, and broad beamwidth.
Branched Comonomers in LLDPE—Influence of Short Chain Branch Shape on Crystallinity
Authors: Göpperl Lukas , Cipullo Roberta , Schwarzinger Clemens , Paulik Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe crystallinity of Linear Low‐Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) is influenced significantly by short‐chain branches (SCBs) present in the backbone of the polymer. Despite the importance of this aspect, with only a few linear comonomers being currently used in the commercial production of LLDPE. It is found that by introducing branched comonomers, the melting point and crystallinity of LLDPE can be influenced to a greater extent than with linear comonomers. Since only a few linear comonomers are currently used in the production of LLDPE, the characterization of LLDPEs with branched comonomer has been often overlooked. By combining High‐Temperature‐Size‐Exclusion Chromatography (HT‐SEC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, it is shown that standard HT‐SEC analysis using an IR detector is also applicable to polymers containing branched comonomers.
Bringing MRI to low‐ and middle‐income countries: Directions, challenges and potential solutions
Authors: Murali Sanjana , Ding Hao , Adedeji Fope , Qin Cathy , Obungoloch Johnes , Asllani Iris , Anazodo Udunna , Ntusi Ntobeko A. B. , Mammen Regina , Niendorf Thoralf , Adeleke Sola 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe global disparity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a major challenge, with many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) experiencing limited access to MRI. The reasons for limited access are technological, economic and social. With the advancement of MRI technology, we explore why these challenges still prevail, highlighting the importance of MRI as the epidemiology of disease changes in LMICs. In this paper, we establish a framework to develop MRI with these challenges in mind and discuss the different aspects of MRI development, including maximising image quality using cost‐effective components, integrating local technology and infrastructure and implementing sustainable practices. We also highlight the current solutions—including teleradiology, artificial intelligence and doctor and patient education strategies—and how these might be further improved to achieve greater access to MRI.
A matrix‐free macro‐element variant of the hybridized discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Badrkhani Vahid , Hiemstra René R. , Mika Michał , Schillinger Dominik 
Published: July 2023

SummaryWe investigate a macro‐element variant of the hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method, using patches of standard simplicial elements that can have non‐matching interfaces. Coupled via the HDG technique, our method enables local refinement by uniform simplicial subdivision of each macro‐element. By enforcing one spatial discretization for all macro‐elements, we arrive at local problems per macro‐element that are embarrassingly parallel, yet well balanced. Therefore, our macro‐element variant scales efficiently to n‐node clusters and can be tailored to available hardware by adjusting the local problem size to the capacity of a single node, while still using moderate polynomial orders such as quadratics or cubics. Increasing the local problem size means simultaneously decreasing, in relative terms, the global problem size, hence effectively limiting the proliferation of degrees of freedom. The global problem is solved via a matrix‐free iterative technique that also heavily relies on macro‐element local operations. We investigate and discuss the advantages and limitations of the macro‐element HDG method via an advection‐diffusion model problem.
The thin blue line in schools: New evidence on school‐based policing across the U.S.
Authors: Sorensen Lucy C. , Avila‐Acosta Montserrat , Engberg John B. , Bushway Shawn D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractU.S. public school students increasingly attend schools with sworn law enforcement officers present. Yet little is known about how these school resource officers (SROs) affect school environments or student outcomes. Our study uses a fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) design with national school‐level data from 2014 to 2018 to estimate the impacts of SRO placement. We construct this discontinuity based on the application scores for federal school‐based policing grants of linked police agencies. We find that SROs effectively reduce some forms of violence in schools, but do not prevent gun‐related incidents. We also find that SROs intensify the use of suspension, expulsion, police referral, and arrest of students. These increases in disciplinary and police actions are consistently largest for Black students, male students, and students with disabilities.
Child‐centered communication interventions in pediatric oncology: A scoping review and proposed new communication model
Authors: Høeg Beverley Lim , Sevillano Paula Barrios , Enesco Ileana , Wakefield Claire E. , Larsen Hanne Baekgaard , Bidstrup Pernille Envold 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChild‐centered communication in pediatric oncology can be challenging. We aimed to review communication interventions with children about cancer treatment and prognosis to identify potentially effective child‐centered communication models and approaches. We updated a previous review on communication interventions in oncology and searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsychINFO for studies indexed between October 2019 up to October 2022. We further searched for ongoing studies on ClinicalTrials.gov. Communication interventions targeting pediatric oncology patients (below 18 years), with outcomes of communication, psychological symptoms or satisfaction in the target population were eligible. We identified 685 titles/abstracts, screened the full text of 34 studies and included only one published study and two ongoing studies. The published study tested a communication tool to help clinicians inform adolescents about treatment options and facilitate shared decision‐making. No communication models were identified. We drew on knowledge from existing studies and guidelines to develop a new child‐centered communication model.
Block length distribution, morphology, and property of thermoplastic polyurethanes affected by production method: A polymer‐by‐process investigation
Authors: Liu Zhirang , Fu Lianlian , Wang Zeyu , Gao Zhidong , Liu Yunhang , Li Xuke , Eling Berend , Pöselt Elmar , Schander Edgar , Wang Zongbao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) based on the same monomers and composition were produced by two different production methods – hand mix batch process and continuous band casting. The soft segment was poly(hydrofuran) (PTHF) with a molar mass of 1000 and the hard segment was made of 1,4‐butanediol (BD) and 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The hard segment content amounted to 42%. The distinctions in crystallization and thermal behavior and mechanical properties of the two TPUs were ascribed to differences in the hard and soft block length distribution caused by the different production methods. Using thermal fractionation – a series of successive self‐nucleation and annealing steps – the minor differences in hard block length distribution could be shown and quantified. The length distribution of the hard and soft blocks of the machine‐produced sample was narrower than that of the hand‐cast sample. The former with the narrow block distribution showed thicker and mechanically and thermally more stable hard domains. The more uniform block length distribution facilitated crystallization and resulted in improved tensile recovery behavior and elasticity. The second with the broader distribution, however, showed the highest tensile strength at break, which was ascribed to an improved strain‐induced hardening of the soft phase.
Analysis of neutral mutational drift in an allosteric enzyme
Authors: Liechty Evan T. , Hren Andrew , Kramer Levi , Donovan Gregory , Friedman Anika J. , Shirts Michael R. , Fox Jerome M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeutral mutational drift is an important source of biological diversity that remains underexploited in fundamental studies of protein biophysics. This study uses a synthetic transcriptional circuit to study neutral drift in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a mammalian signaling enzyme for which conformational changes are rate limiting. Kinetic assays of purified mutants indicate that catalytic activity, rather than thermodynamic stability, guides enrichment under neutral drift, where neutral or mildly activating mutations can mitigate the effects of deleterious ones. In general, mutants show a moderate activity‐stability tradeoff, an indication that minor improvements in the activity of PTP1B do not require concomitant losses in its stability. Multiplexed sequencing of large mutant pools suggests that substitutions at allosterically influential sites are purged under biological selection, which enriches for mutations located outside of the active site. Findings indicate that the positional dependence of neutral mutations within drifting populations can reveal the presence of allosteric networks and illustrate an approach for using synthetic transcriptional systems to explore these mutations in regulatory enzymes.
Assessment of microbial biocontrol agent (BCA) viability to mechanical and thermal stress by simulating spray application conditions
Authors: Grella Marco , Gioelli Fabrizio , Marucco Paolo , Zwertvaegher Ingrid , Mozzanini Eric , Pittarello Marco , Balsari Paolo , Fountas Spyros , Nuyttens David , Mezzalama Monica , Pugliese Massimo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn order to improve the biological control agent (BCA) efficacy, stress factors threatening the viability of microorganisms during spray application need to be determined. The effect of spray mixture temperature and exposure time on Trichoderma harzianum T 22 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 viability were tested. Concurrently the combined effect of mechanical and thermal stress effect on BCA viability were tested at two initial spray mixture temperatures (14 and 25 °C) by simulating a spray application using airblast sprayers featured by different tank capacity and a spray liquid circuit (without and with hydraulic agitation system). To assess the BCA microorganism viability, spray mixture samples were collected at time intervals along trials and plated to count the colony forming units (CFU).ResultsThe critical temperature threshold that inhibited BCA viability was 35 °C with 30 min of exposure. The sprayer type, the initial temperature of the spray mixture and the temperature increment during the trials significantly decreased the number of CFU recovered. When simulating a spray application, the spray mixture temperature increase rate was determined mainly by the residual amount of spray mixture in the tank. Even if the tank capacity does not substantially affect the final temperature reached by the spray mixture, the higher residual spray mixture in bigger tanks can expose the BCAs for a longer time to critical temperatures.ConclusionsExperimental trials allowed us to identify the effect of factors affecting the viability of tested BCAs, providing information about the actual chance to guarantee the biological efficacy of BCA treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Chavibetol: major and potent phytotoxin in betel (Piper betle L.) leaf essential oil
Authors: Kemprai Phirose , Bora Pranjit Kumar , Saikia Siddhartha Proteem , Haldar Saikat 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany essential oils and their constituent volatile organic compounds are known to be phytotoxic and potential bioherbicides. This study aims to investigate the phytotoxicity of propenylbenzene‐rich essential oils and identify active molecule(s) therein.RESULTSFive commercially available propenylbenzene‐rich oils were screened, of which betel (Piper betle L.) oil was identified as a potent natural phytotoxin. It dose‐dependently inhibited wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) seed germination and growth in water and agar medium with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the range 23.2–122.7 μg mL−1. Phytotoxicity‐guided fractionation and purification revealed chavibetol as the major and most potent phytotoxic constituent of betel oil, followed by chavibetol acetate. A structure–activity relationship study involving 12 propenylbenzenes indicated the structural and positional importance of aromatic substitutions for the activity. Furthermore, the phytotoxic efficacy of chavibetol was established against wheatgrass germination and growth in water (IC50 15.8–53.4 μg mL−1), agar (IC50 34.4–53.6 μg mL−1) and aerial (IC50 1.7–4.5 mg L−1) media with a more pronounced effect on the radicle. Also, in open phytojars, chavibetol efficiently inhibited the growth of 3–7‐day‐old bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) seedlings when sprayed directly (IC50 2.3–3.4 mg jar−1) or supplemented in agar (IC50 116.6–139.1 μg mL−1). The growth of pre‐germinated green amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) was inhibited more effectively in both application modes (1.2–1.4 mg jar−1 and IC50 26.8–31.4 μg mL−1 respectively).CONCLUSIONThe study concluded betel oil as a potent phytotoxic herbal extract and its major constituent chavibetol as a promising volatile phytotoxin for the future management of weeds in their early phase of emergence. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in Czech populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from oilseed rape
Authors: Stará Jitka , Hovorka Tomáš , Horská Tereza , Zusková Eva , Kocourek František 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundFailures in controlling Myzus persicae by pyrethroids and carbamates have been observed in Czechia since 2018. Eleven populations collected from Czech oilseed rape fields during 2018–2021 were tested for susceptibility to 11 insecticides. The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) leading to knockdown resistance in M. persicae populations was screened using allelic discriminating quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The presence of mutations related with the resistance of M. persicae to pyrethroids and carbamates was detected by sequencing paratype voltage‐gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 2 genes, respectively.ResultsResistance to alpha‐cypermethrin and pirimicarb was detected in most of the tested populations. The L1014F mutation was detected in 44.5% of M. persicae individuals surviving the field‐recommended dose of alpha‐cypermethrin. Sequencing of partial para gene for paratype voltage‐gated sodium channel detected five different SNPs leading to four amino acid substitutions (kdr L1014F; s‐kdr M918L; s‐kdr M918T; and L932F). No pyrethroid‐sensitive genotype was detected. The S431F amino acid substitution conferring resistance to carbamates was detected in 11 of 20 individuals with different pyrethroid‐resistance genotypes.ConclusionResistance of M. persicae to both pyrethroids and carbamates was detected in nine of 11 populations. High resistance of M. persicae was correlated with mutations of the sodium channel. Sulfoxaflor, flonicamid, and spirotetramat are proposed as effective compounds to control pyrethroid‐ and carbamate‐resistant populations of M. persicae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Refined Quantum Gates for Λ‐Type Atom‐Photon Hybrid Systems
Authors: Du Fang‐Fang , Wu Yi‐Ming , Fan Gang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh‐efficiency quantum information processing is equivalent to the fewest quantum resources and simplest operations by means of logic qubit gates. Based on the reflection geometry of a single photon interacting with a three‐level Λ‐type atom‐cavity system, the authors present some refined protocols for realizing controlled‐not (CNOT), Fredkin, and Toffoli gates on hybrid systems. The first control qubit of gates is encoded on a flying photon, and the remaining qubits are encoded on the atoms in the optical cavity. Moreover, these quantum gates can be extended to the optimal synthesis of multi‐qubit CNOT, Fredkin, and Toffoli gates with optical elements without auxiliary photons or atoms. Further, the simplest single‐qubit operations are applied to the photon only, which make these logic gates experimentally feasible with current technology.
Education for sustainable development in rural communities: Parents' perceptions of children's willingness‐to‐study and learning difficulties associated with school transport in Ukerewe Island, Tanzania
Authors: Tengecha Nyamatari Anselem , Akintunde Tosin Yinka , Agyeman Stephen , Alimo Philip Kofi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuality education and school transport are prerequisites for children to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), but they are disproportionately inadequate in rural communities. This study explores 350 parents' perceptions of the willingness‐to‐study (WTS) and learning difficulties of schoolchildren in Ukerewe Island (Tanzania) based on the mode of transport. The study surveyed 17 rural islands to build structural equation models based on Health Belief Model. The results showed that schoolchildren in Ukerewe Island have learning difficulties caused by the quality of their mode of transport to and from school. The children's learning difficulties were positively associated with perceived severity, self‐efficacy, and vulnerability. The perceived benefits of canoe transport supported the WTS. However, WTS could not buffer learning difficulties. Interestingly, male and female caregivers differ regarding the perceived WTS and their children's learning difficulties. This study contributes mitigation measures relevant to education and transport planning toward realizing SDGs 3, 4, and 10.
3D trigonal FAPbI3‐based multilevel resistive switching nonvolatile memory for artificial neural synapse
Authors: Tao Li , Jiang Bowen , Ma Sijie , Zhang Yan , Huang Yuanqiang , Pan Yueyi , Kong Weijun , Zhang Jun , Ma Guokun , Wan Houzhao , Ding Yong , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHybrid perovskites have attracted enormous attention in the next generation resistive switching (RS) memristor for the artificial synapses, owing to their ambipolar charge transport, long diffusion length, and tunable visible bandgap. However, the variable switch, limited reproducibility, and poor endurance are the obstacles to the practical application of the perovskite memristors. Herein, we reported a multilevel RS nonvolatile memory based on a 3D trigonal HC(NH2)2PbI3(α‐FAPbI3) perovskite layer modified by 1‐cyanobutyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([CNBmim]Cl) and sandwiched between ITO and Au electrodes (Au/[CNBmim]Cl/α‐FAPbI3/SnO2/ITO). In contrast to the bare memristor with failure switching from low resistance state (LRS) to high resistance state (HRS), the memristor device based on theα‐FAPbI3modified with [CNBmim]Cl (Target device) shows the retention time over 104 s with On/Off ratio (>102) and endurance up to 550 cycles. The stable RS cycle benefits from the accelerated electrons de‐trapping from the reduced defects and fast charge separation in the interface ofα‐FAPbI3/electrode, leading to the rupture of conductive filaments and transition of LRS to HRS. As a two‐terminal analog synaptic device, the target device can realize random handwritten digit recognition with an impressive accuracy of 89.3% on the condition of low learning phases (500 training cycles).