bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trapping capacity constraint model for sediment transport in vegetative filter strips (VFS) on sloping surfaces
Authors: Wu Songbai , Chui Ting Fong May , Li Chen , Luo Mingjie , Pan Chengzhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost current modelling practices for sediment trapping in vegetative filter strips (VFS) assumed a constant sediment trapping efficiency of VFS, while, in practice, it was found to decrease greatly with the increasing trapped sediment amount in VFS (decreasing sediment trapping capacity of VFS). To account for this impact, a widely used VFS sediment transport module was modified to consider the changing sediment trapping capacity of VFS, which was expressed by a power‐law relationship with the inflow discharge, sediment concentration, slope gradient, and antecedent deposition amount. An integrated model that coupled a slope infiltration‐runoff module and the modified sediment transport module was then developed to simulate hydrology and suspended sediment transport in VFS on sloping surface. The model is calibrated and validated by 18 VFS experiments with different inflow, sediment, and slope conditions from Luo et al. (Science of the Total Environment, 725, 138361, 2020). Good agreements between observed and simulated runoff and sediment transport processes were found for nearly all cases. Due to the impact of changing sediment trapping capacity of VFS, the trapped sediment amount and the sediment transport rate of outflow varies greatly in space and time. With the increase of inflow discharge, sediment concentration, and slope gradient, the overall sediment trapping efficiency of VFS tends to decrease greatly and then remains almost unchanged. The comparison between proposed model and original physically based model shows that neglecting the impacts of changing sediment trapping capacity of VFS would lead to a constant and overly large sediment trapping efficiency of VFS, especially on steep slopes. Moreover, comparing with the empirical expression, the model with well‐founded theory can provide higher fidelity and more detailed results. Thus, the modelling framework is expected to provide a more effective approach for VFS assessment and maintenance in local or watershed scale.
Rapid Cortical Bone Loss at the Distal Radius Is Associated With Higher Risk of Fracture in Older Men – The STRAMBO Study
Authors: Gunsing Elina , Wagner Philippe P. , Whittier Danielle E. , Boyd Steven K. , Chapurlat Roland , Szulc Pawel 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Rapid loss of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is associated with higher fracture risk after adjustment for confounders including initial aBMD. However, the link between bone microarchitecture decline and fracture is not clear. We studied the association between bone microarchitecture deterioration assessed prospectively over 4 years and the subsequent fracture risk in older men. Bone microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia was assessed by high-resolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT; XtremeCT, Scanco Medical) (baseline, 4 years) in 732 men aged 60–87 years. During the 8-year follow-up, 109 men had fragility fractures. Areal BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjustment for age, weight, prior falls and fractures, distal radius aBMD (baseline, slope), and baseline distal radius total volumetric BMD (Tt.BMD), a faster decrease in distal radius Tt.BMD was associated with higher fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54/SD, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.95, p &lt; .005). Rapid cortical bone loss was associated with higher fracture risk (cortical thickness: HR = 1.48; 1.15–1.90, p &lt; .01; cortical BMD: HR = 1.38; 1.11–1.72, p &lt; .01). The rate of trabecular bone loss at the distal radius and the rate of bone microarchitecture decline at the distal tibia were not associated with fracture risk. After adjustment for aBMD and distal radius HR-pQCT measures assessed after 4 years, changes in Tt.BMD were associated with higher fracture risk (e.g., Tt.BMD: HR = 1.37; 1.11–1.69, p &lt; .005). Compared with the reference model (age, weight, prior fractures and falls, baseline and slope of aBMD, baseline HR-pQCT value), further addition of the slope of the HR-pQCT measure did not improve the fracture prediction. Thus, rapid cortical bone loss at the distal radius is associated with higher fracture risk in the multivariable models including baseline values of the HR-pQCT measure. However, repeated HR-pQCT measurements did not improve the assessment of the fracture risk in older men (compared with the reference model defined earlier). © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Characterization of the role of Kunitz‐type protease inhibitor domain in dimerization of amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Byun Jinyoung , Vellampatti Srivithya , Chatterjee Prathit , Hwang Sun Ha , Kim Byoung Choul , Lee Juyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA major difference between amyloid precursor protein (APP) isoforms (APP695 and APP751) is the existence of a Kunitz type protease inhibitor (KPI) domain which has a significant impact on the homo‐ and hetero‐dimerization of APP isoforms. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of dimer formation remain elusive. To characterize the role of the KPI domain in APP dimerization, we performed a single molecule pull down (SiMPull) assay where homo‐dimerization between tethered APP molecules and soluble APP molecules was highly preferred regardless of the type of APP isoforms, while hetero‐dimerization between tethered APP751 molecules and soluble APP695 molecules was limited. We further investigated the domain level APP‐APP interactions using coarse‐grained models with the Martini force field. Though the model initial ternary complexes (KPI‐E1, KPI‐KPI, KPI‐E2, E1‐E1, E2‐E2, and E1‐E2) generated using HADDOCK (HD) and AlphaFold2 (AF2), the binding free energy profiles and the binding affinities of the domain combinations were investigated via the umbrella sampling with Martini force field. Additionally, membrane‐bound microenvironments at the domain level were modeled. As a result, it was revealed that the KPI domain has a stronger attractive interaction with itself than the E1 and E2 domains, as reported elsewhere. Thus, the KPI domain of APP751 may form additional attractive interactions with E1, E2 and the KPI domain itself, whereas it is absent in APP695. In conclusion, we found that the APP751 homo‐dimer formation is predominant than the homodimerization in APP695, which is facilitated by the presence of the KPI domain.
Visible light induced eco sustainable synthesis of quinolines catalyzed by eosin Y
Authors: Jaiswal Anjali , Sharma Amit Kumar , Jaiswal Shweta , Mishra Anu , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba , Siddiqui I. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy employing a photoredox catalyst which is an affordable organic dye, we present a simple and efficient visible light induced, eco‐friendly and metal‐free quinoline derivative synthesis. The current strategy is the first to utilize visible light to induce quinoline by tandem reactions through the formation of CN and CC bonds, resulting in high yields of products under relatively moderate reaction conditions. Inexpensive, short response time, admirable atom economy, easy work‐up and wide substrate scope are some of the primary advantages of the current approach.
Variation in stool testing for children with acute gastrointestinal infections
Authors: Markham Jessica L. , Hall Matt , Collins Megan E. , Shah Samir S. , Molloy Matthew J. , Aronson Paul L. , Cotter Jillian M. , Steiner Michael J. , McCoy Elisha , Tchou Michael J. , Stephens John R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveChildren with gastrointestinal infections often require acute care.The objectives of this study were to describe variations in patterns of stool testing across children's hospitals and determine whether such variation was associated with utilization outcomes.Design, Settings and ParticipantsWe performed a multicenter, cross‐sectional study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. We identified stool testing (multiplex polymerase chain reaction [PCR], stool culture, ova and parasite, Clostridioides difficile, and other individual stool bacterial or viral tests) in children diagnosed with acute gastrointestinal infections.Main Outcome and MeasuresWe calculated the overall testing rates and hospital‐level stool testing rates, stratified by setting (emergency department [ED]‐only vs. hospitalized). We stratified individual hospitals into low, moderate, or high testing institutions. Generalized estimating equations were then used to examine the association of hospital testing groups and outcomes, specifically, length of stay (LOS), costs, and revisit rates.ResultsWe identified 498,751 ED‐only and 40,003 encounters for hospitalized children from 2016 to 2020. Compared to ED‐only encounters, stool studies were obtained with increased frequency among encounters for hospitalized children (ED‐only: 0.1%–2.3%; Hospitalized: 1.5%–13.8%, all p < 0.001). We observed substantial variation in stool testing rates across hospitals, particularly during encounters for hospitalized children (e.g., rates of multiplex PCRs ranged from 0% to 16.8% for ED‐only and 0% to 65.0% for hospitalized). There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes among low, moderate, or high testing institutions in adjusted models.ConclusionsChildren with acute gastrointestinal infections experience substantial variation in stool testing within and across hospitals, with no difference in utilization outcomes. These findings highlight the need for guidelines to address diagnostic stewardship.
Labour migration and food security in rural Mozambique: Do agricultural investment, asset building and local employment matter?
Authors: Cau Boaventura Manuel , Agadjanian Victor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConnections between labour migration and food security of left‐behind households are still poorly understood. Using data from two waves of a longitudinal survey conducted among ever‐married women in rural Mozambique, we employ multi‐level ordered logit and negative binomial regressions to examine over time three possible pathways linking men's migration and its economic success to food security of left‐behind households—agricultural investment, household material assets and women's local gainful employment. Our analyses find a significant positive association between migration's success, proxied by remittances, and food security and show that this association is largely mediated by household's possession of material assets.
Geophysical reconstruction of the late Holocene proximal proglacial landsystem at Skeiðarársandur, southeast Iceland
Authors: Harrison Devin , Ross Neil , Russell Andrew J. , Jones Stuart J. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTSandur plains are extensive sedimentary bodies formed in proglacial settings by glaciofluvial processes. Icelandic sandar have been hypothesised to be comprised of thick alluvial successions that provide critical insight into the processes that contributed to their formation and evolution. However, to‐date, most sandar research has focused on the analysis of sedimentary successions associated to topographically‐confined and small‐scale systems. These, however, do not capture the variety or scale of processes that influence sandar architecture. Therefore, detailed subsurface analysis of large‐scale and unconfined sandar is vital to understand how these systems respond to fundamental drivers, such as: (i) glacier oscillations, and (ii) episodic sediment flux from glacier outburst floods (aka. jökulhlaups). We report an extensive, low‐frequency (40 & 100 MHz) ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) survey of the ice‐proximal component of a large‐scale () active sandur in southeast Iceland. A bright and continuous reflection (PR1) is identified within all radargrams and provides a boundary between pre‐LIA and LIA to present‐day sedimentation. GPR data reveals a ~50 m thick ice‐proximal sediment wedge that is attributed to jökulhlaup and surge‐related glaciofluvial activity during the Little Ice Age (LIA). An approximate rate of deposition of 0.2–0.65 m has been calculated for the sediment wedge above PR1. Furthermore, we propose an extensive, sandur‐wide, pre‐LIA ice marginal limit of Skeiðarárökull, southeast Iceland, based on observations reported here and in previous work.
Value‐added processing of seeds from tomato sauce industry and comparison of extraction solvents on the chemical properties
Authors: Askin Buket , Kaynarca Gulce Bedis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomato seed oil (TSO) was obtained using a combined method of pre‐keeping in solvent and Soxhlet extraction. A considerable oil yield could not be obtained using samples without drying or grinding, with dried or non‐dried seeds, which were not kept in solvent (<2%). For this purpose, oil yield, physicochemical properties, oxidation values, spectrophotometric indices and fatty acid composition of the samples extracted with acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether were determined.RESULTSOils obtained by the extraction of petroleum ether (20.36 meq g O2 kg−1) and ethyl acetate (11.16 meq g O2 kg−1) were found to have very high peroxide values. Besides, a high‐quality edible oil should have an anisidine value (p‐AnV) of less than 10. Samples extracted with chloroform alone had a p‐AnV of 8.86, while slightly higher values were found for other samples (P < 0.05). Chloroform (20.50) and acetone (23.06) both gave the best results and met the expected value, with total oxidation value below 30. Finally, the highest levels of primary fatty acids observed were linoleic acid (32.77–41.95%), palmitic acid (23.75–32.27%), oleic acid (16.17–24.52%), and stearic acid (7.76–12.82%).CONCLUSIONThis process is applicable to recycling tomato sauce waste and essential oil. The research proved that the seed‐drying process and pre‐keeping in solvent have an important effect on oil yield, quality and fatty acid composition. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The determinants of social self‐efficacy of tourism lifestyle entrepreneurs
Authors: de Sousa Leonardo , Dias Álvaro Lopes , Pereira Leandro Ferreira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTourism lifestyle entrepreneurs (TLEs) play a vital role in destination competitiveness by providing creative and co‐created experiences intrinsically associated with local communities. To preserve their way of life, they are also deeply involved in local social activities. However, the processes underlying the social performance of these entrepreneurs remain underexplored. This study uses structural equations modeling to analyze the influence of TLE's social dimensions (community attachment, social mission orientation and community‐centered strategies) on social self‐efficacy. Results reveal that social mission, community‐centered strategy and community attachment have a significant positive influence on social entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, through the indirect effect of co‐creation. Findings also highlight the mediating role of co‐creation those relationships, indicating the importance of providing unique and memorable experiences to fulfill their social goals.
A Principle of Non‐Hermitian Wave Modulators by Indefinitely Small Physical Controls
Authors: Choi Youngsun , Choi Yu Sung , Song Seok Ho , Yu Kyoungsik , Moiseyev Nimrod , Yoon Jae Woong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterferometers and resonant cavities are indispensable driving mechanisms for compact, high‐speed, and low‐power modulators and switches in modern signal processing systems. However, their limitations in key performance metrics critically restrict present data‐processing capabilities. Here, a completely different wave‐modulation mechanism is proposed based on non‐Hermitian dynamics near an exceptional point (EP) singularity. The proposed modulator is enabled by EP‐bypassing adiabatic processes that exclusively select different final states depending on active trigger signal possibly at indefinitely small magnitude in principle. Importantly, this operation principle does not involve any explicit frequency‐dispersive feature in stark contrast to interference or resonance effects. In addition, it can be implemented in available device‐engineering platforms such as integrated optical circuits. Therefore, it is of great interest to further investigate the proposed principle for improved signal‐processing systems on forthcoming demand.
Spectral Topography of the Subthalamic Nucleus to Inform Next‐Generation Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Averna Alberto , Debove Ines , Nowacki Andreas , Peterman Katrin , Duchet Benoit , Sousa Mário , Bernasconi Elena , Alva Laura , Lachenmayer Martin L. , Schuepbach Michael , Pollo Claudio , Krack Paul , Nguyen Thuy‐Anh K. , Tinkhauser Gerd 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe landscape of neurophysiological symptoms and behavioral biomarkers in basal ganglia signals for movement disorders is expanding. The clinical translation of sensing‐based deep brain stimulation (DBS) also requires a thorough understanding of the anatomical organization of spectral biomarkers within the subthalamic nucleus (STN).ObjectivesThe aims were to systematically investigate the spectral topography, including a wide range of sub‐bands in STN local field potentials (LFP) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and to evaluate its predictive performance for clinical response to DBS.MethodsSTN‐LFPs were recorded from 70 PD patients (130 hemispheres) awake and at rest using multicontact DBS electrodes. A comprehensive spatial characterization, including hot spot localization and focality estimation, was performed for multiple sub‐bands (delta, theta, alpha, low‐beta, high‐beta, low‐gamma, high‐gamma, and fast‐gamma (FG) as well as low‐ and fast high‐frequency oscillations [HFO]) and compared to the clinical hot spot for rigidity response to DBS. A spectral biomarker map was established and used to predict the clinical response to DBS.ResultsThe STN shows a heterogeneous topographic distribution of different spectral biomarkers, with the strongest segregation in the inferior‐superior axis. Relative to the superiorly localized beta hot spot, HFOs (FG, slow HFO) were localized up to 2 mm more inferiorly. Beta oscillations are spatially more spread compared to other sub‐bands. Both the spatial proximity of contacts to the beta hot spot and the distance to higher‐frequency hot spots were predictive for the best rigidity response to DBS.ConclusionsThe spatial segregation and properties of spectral biomarkers within the DBS target structure can additionally be informative for the implementation of next‐generation sensing‐based DBS. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Isolated Cervical Dystonia: Diagnosis and Classification
Authors: Albanese Alberto , Bhatia Kailash P. , Cardoso Francisco , Comella Cynthia , Defazio Giovanni , Fung Victor S.C. , Hallett Mark , Jankovic Joseph , Jinnah Hyder A. , Kaji Ryuji , Krauss Joachim K. , Lang Anthony , Tan Eng King , Tijssen Marina A.J. , Vidailhet Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis document presents a consensus on the diagnosis and classification of isolated cervical dystonia (iCD) with a review of proposed terminology. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Dystonia Study Group convened a panel of experts to review the main clinical and diagnostic issues related to iCD and to arrive at a consensus on diagnostic criteria and classification. These criteria are intended for use in clinical research, but also may be used to guide clinical practice. The benchmark is expert clinical observation and evaluation. The criteria aim to systematize the use of terminology as well as the diagnostic process, to make it reproducible across centers and applicable by expert and non‐expert clinicians. Although motor abnormalities remain central, increasing recognition has been given to nonmotor manifestations, which are incorporated into the current criteria. Three iCD presentations are described in some detail: idiopathic (focal or segmental) iCD, genetic iCD, and acquired iCD. The relationship between iCD and isolated head tremor is also reviewed. Recognition of idiopathic iCD has two levels of certainty, definite or probable, supported by specific diagnostic criteria. Although a probable diagnosis is appropriate for clinical practice, a higher diagnostic level may be required for specific research studies. The consensus retains elements proven valuable in previous criteria and omits aspects that are no longer justified, thereby encapsulating diagnosis according to current knowledge. As understanding of iCD expands, these criteria will need continuous revision to accommodate new advances. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. plantarum Combination Treatment Ameliorated Colitis Symptoms in a Mouse Model by Altering Intestinal Microbial Composition and Suppressing Inflammatory Response
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Zhang Heng , Xie Aowen , Sun Jingzhou , Yang Huiqing , Li Jinshan , Li Yingjun , Chen Fei , Mei Yuxia , Liang Yunxiang 
Published: March 2023

ScopeChanges in composition of intestinal microbes may disrupt the balance of their interaction with a susceptible host, resulting in development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods and resultsThe study applied in combination two Lactobacillus strains (L. rhamnosus BY‐02, L. plantarum BY‐05) (“LS treatment”), previously isolates from feces of healthy human infants, in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis, and evaluates their ameliorative effect and its possible mechanism. LS treatment suppresses weight loss and colon shortening, and reduces disease activity index in the mice. It also has several additional beneficial effects: i) maintains goblet cell numbers and ameliorates intestinal barrier damage in colonic tissue; ii) alters intestinal microbial composition close to normal by increasing abundances of Muribaculaceae, Akkermansia, Clostridia, Oscillospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and decreasing abundance of Escherichia‐Shigella; iii) increases content of short‐chain fatty acids; iv) reduces content of pro‐inflammatory lipopolysaccharides; v) suppresses overactivation of TLR4/NF‐κB inflammatory signaling pathway.ConclusionCombination treatment with two Lactobacillus strains strongly ameliorates colitis symptoms in the mouse model by favorably altering intestinal microbial composition and suppressing inflammatory response.