bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haben endgradige Tests an der HWS einen Einfluss auf die
Hämodynamik hirnzuführender und (intra-)kranieller
Gefäße?
Authors: Moll Fabian , von Piekartz Harry J. M. 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungPhysiotherapeut*innen werden häufig von Patient*innen mit
Kopf- und Nackenbeschwerden konsultiert. Es besteht die Möglichkeit,
dass sich hinter diesen Beschwerden vaskuläre Dysfunktionen verbergen.
Die Herausforderung besteht daher, die geringe Zahl an Patient*innen
ohne muskuloskelettale Ursache herauszufiltern und in die ärztliche
Versorgung zu überweisen. Seit 2020 bietet die International Federation
of Orthopedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) eine aktualisierte
Richtlinie für die Untersuchung und das Management von
Patient*innen mit HWS-/Nackenbeschwerden, die potenziell ein
vaskuläres Geschehen aufweisen. Dies soll Physiotherapeut*innen
Sicherheit im Umgang mit diesen klinischen Fragestellungen geben und eine
bestmögliche Entscheidung für das weitere Patientenmanagement
ermöglichen.Der Artikel stellt, vor dem Hintergrund mehrerer aktueller Forschungsartikel zur
mechanischen Belastung des vaskulären Systems der zervikokranialen
Region, die grundlegenden klinischen Muster arterieller Dysfunktionen der HWS
dar und gibt einen Einblick, wie diese Beschwerden differenzialdiagnostisch
eingeordnet werden können. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels wird das Wissen in
den klinischen Alltag übertragen.
Factors Affecting the Cardiologists' Prescribing Attitudes in Dubai and the Northern Emirates: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jeroudy Heba , Al-Tabakha Moawia , Ashames Akram , Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman 
Published: July 2023

Background The growing concern of irrational drug use that leads to adverse events requires attention to investigate the prescription patterns. For cardiovascular drugs, this could increase patients' risk of developing a heart attack or stroke and coronary artery disease. This study particularly examines cardiologist behaviors that influence prescription patterns. The influence of pharmaceutical companies' promotions and other factors affecting their prescriptions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), mainly in Dubai and the Northern Emirates private hospitals and clinics, were investigated.
Methods Online survey questions were undertaken using the structured questionnaire, and the determined sample size of the cardiologists working in Dubai and the Northern Emirates was 59 using randomly generated numbers from the available cardiologists' registry and assuming 95% confident with the 80% response rate. Ratings of the prescribing behavior were done using the original Bloom's cutoff points, which were updated and adjusted to evaluate UAE cardiologists' general prescribing practices.
Results The average prescribing behavior score was moderate (76.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 75.1–77.8). Better prescribing patterns were observed among the cardiologists from Dubai compared with the Northern Emirates (odds ratio 4.24; 95% CI, 1.06–16.97). Continued medical education sponsored by pharmaceutical companies was the main influential factor (96.6%) affecting the cardiologists in changing their prescription. A total of 40.7% of the cardiologists believed in changing the prescription from brand to generic, while 43% stated that clinical updates, including evidence from new studies, were among the other factors affecting their prescribing behavior pattern.
Conclusion The cardiologists' prescribing behaviors in Dubai and the Northern Emirates are above average and the cardiologists are aware of the unethical acceptance of pricey gifts. Cardiologists in Dubai and the Northern Emirates are considered ethical in adopting a new medication in agreement with similar studies conducted regionally, as their primary motivation is the welfare of patients, which will help them rationally select medication.
Automated analysis of written language in the three variants of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Josephy-Hernandez Sylvia , Rezaii Neguine , Jones Amelia , Loyer Emmaleigh , Hochberg Daisy , Quimby Megan , Wong Bonnie , Dickerson Bradford C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite the important role of written language in everyday life, abnormalities in functional written communication have been sparsely investigated in primary progressive aphasia. Prior studies have analysed written language separately in each of the three variants of primary progressive aphasia—but have rarely compared them to each other or to spoken language. Manual analysis of written language can be a time-consuming process. We therefore developed a program that quantifies content units and total units in written or transcribed language samples. We analysed written and spoken descriptions of the Western Aphasia Battery picnic scene, based on a predefined content unit corpus. We calculated the ratio of content units to units as a measure of content density. Our cohort included 115 participants (20 controls for written, 20 controls for spoken, 28 participants with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia, 30 for logopenic variant and 17 for semantic variant). Our program identified content units with a validity of 99.7% (95%CI 99.5–99.8). All patients wrote fewer units than controls (P &lt; 0.001). Patients with the logopenic variant (P = 0.013) and the semantic variant (0.004) wrote fewer content units than controls. The content unit-to-unit ratio was higher in the nonfluent and semantic variants than controls (P = 0.019), but no difference in the logopenic variant (P = 0.962). Participants with the logopenic (P &lt; 0.001) and semantic (P = 0.04) variants produced fewer content units in written compared to spoken descriptions. All variants produced fewer units in written samples compared to spoken (P &lt; 0.001). However, due to a relatively smaller decrease in written content units, we observed a larger content unit-to-unit ratio in writing over speech (P &lt; 0.001). Written and spoken content units (r = 0.5, P = 0.009) and total units (r = 0.64, P &lt; 0.001) were significantly correlated in patients with nonfluent variant, but this was not the case for logopenic or semantic. Considering all patients with primary progressive aphasia, fewer content units were produced in those with greater aphasia severity (Progressive Aphasia Severity Scale Sum of Boxes, r = −0.24, P = 0.04) and dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes, r = −0.34, P = 0.004). In conclusion, we observed reduced written content in patients with primary progressive aphasia compared to controls, with a preference for content over non-content units in patients with the nonfluent and semantic variants. We observed a similar ‘telegraphic’ style in both language modalities in patients with the nonfluent variant. Lastly, we show how our program provides a time-efficient tool, which could enable feedback and tracking of writing as an important feature of language and cognition.
Opposite latitudinal gradients for species richness and phylogenetic diversity of endemic snakes in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: da Motta Portillo José Thales , Azevedo Josué Anderson Rêgo , Barbo Fausto Erritto , Sawaya Ricardo J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The decrease in species richness toward higher latitudes is an expected biogeographical pattern. This pattern could be related to particular environmental constraints and the evolutionary history of clades. However, species richness does not fully represent the evolutionary history of the clades behind their distributions. Phylogenetic diversity better clarifies the role of historical factors in biogeographical patterns. We analyzed environmental and historical drivers related to latitudinal variation in species richness and phylogenetic diversity of Atlantic Forest endemic snakes. We implemented species distribution models, from voucher-based locality points, to map the snake ranges and diversity. We used generalized additive mixed models to evaluate the relationships among the diversity metrics and area, topographical roughness, and past climate change velocity since the Last Maximum Glacial in the Atlantic Forest latitudinal gradient. Contrary to the expected general pattern, species richness was higher toward higher latitudes, being positively related to past climatic stability. Species richness also increased with total area and higher topographical roughness. Phylogenetic diversity, on the other hand, showed opposite relationships related to the same factors. Phylogenetic diversity increased with lower climatic stability in lower latitudes. Thus, dimensions of diversity were affected in different ways by historical and environmental constraints in this unique and threatened biodiversity hotspot.
The Relationship Between Rejection of Care Behaviors and Pain and Delirium Severity in Hospital Dementia Care
Authors: Shaw Clarissa , Ward Caitlin , Williams Alexander , Lee Kyuri , Herr Keela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Rejection of care is common in hospitalized persons living with dementia. However, distinguishing between rejection of care behaviors related to care practices or other causes, such as pain or delirium, is challenging. The purpose of this study is to further understand the relationship between rejection of care and pain and delirium in hospitalized patients with dementia by identifying which rejection of care behaviors are associated with pain and delirium.

Research Design and Methods
Care encounters between hospitalized patients with dementia (n = 16) and nursing staff (n = 53) were observed on 88 separate occasions across 35 days. Rejection of care was measured using the 13 behaviors from the Resistiveness to Care Scale. Pain and delirium severity were measured using a variety of scales including the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale, Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators, and numeric rating scale for pain severity and the Confusion Assessment Method—Severity short form and Delirium Observation Screening Scale for delirium severity. Linear mixed modeling was used to determine the relationship between rejection of care behaviors and pain and delirium severity for each measure.

Results
About 48.9% of the observations included rejection of care, 49.9% included a patient in pain, and 12.5% included a patient with delirium. Cry, push away, scream/yell, and turn away indicated a higher pain severity across pain measures. No rejection of care behaviors were found to indicate delirium severity.

Discussion and Implications
Certain rejection of care behaviors may be helpful in identifying pain in hospitalized patients with dementia, suggesting that caregivers should be cognizant of pain when these rejection of care behaviors are present. However, in this sample rejection of care behaviors was not found to be useful for identifying delirium severity in hospital dementia care.
A pilot phase Ib study to evaluate tadalafil to overcome immunosuppression during chemoradiotherapy for IDH-wild-type glioblastoma
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Johanns Tanner M , Chheda Milan G , Liu Eric , Butt Omar , Abraham Christopher , Badiyan Shahed , Huang Yi , DeNardo David , Kim Albert H , Hallahan Dennis , Thotala Dinesh , Huang Jiayi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are critical regulators of immunosuppression and radioresistance in glioblastoma (GBM). The primary objective of this pilot phase Ib study was to validate the on-target effect of tadalafil on inhibiting MDSCs in peripheral blood and its safety when combined with chemoradiotherapy in GBM patients.

Methods
Patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wild-type GBM received radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) combined with oral tadalafil for 2 months. A historical cohort of 12 GBM patients treated with RT and TMZ was used as the comparison group. The ratio of MDSCs, T cells, and cytokines at week 6 of RT compared to baseline were analyzed using flow cytometry. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Tadalafil was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicity among 16 evaluable patients. The tadalafil cohort had a significantly lower ratio of circulating MDSCs than the control: granulocytic-MDSCs (mean 0.78 versus 3.21, respectively, P = 0.01) and monocytic-MDSCs (1.02 versus 1.96, respectively, P = 0.006). Tadalafil increased the CD8 ratio compared to the control (1.99 versus 0.70, respectively, P &lt; 0.001), especially the PD-1−CD8 T cells expressing Ki-67, CD38, HLA-DR, CD28, and granzyme B. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was also significantly increased after tadalafil compared to the control. The tadalafil cohort did not have significantly different PFS and OS than the historical control.

Conclusions
Concurrent tadalafil is well tolerated during chemoradiotherapy for GBM. Tadalafil is associated with a reduction of peripheral MDSCs after chemoradiotherapy and increased CD8 T-cell proliferation and activation.
Biased signalling is structurally encoded as an autoproteolysis event in adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor Latrophilin‐3/ADGRL3
Authors: Ojeda‐Muñiz Estefania Y. , Rodríguez‐Hernández Brenda , Correoso‐Braña Kerlys G. , Segura‐Landa Petra L. , Boucard Antony A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdhesion G protein‐coupled receptors (aGPCRs) possess a unique topology, including the presence of a GPCR proteolysis site (GPS), which, upon autoproteolysis, generates two functionally distinct fragments that remain non‐covalently associated at the plasma membrane. A proposed activation mechanism for aGPCRs involves the exposure of a tethered agonist, which depends on cleavage at the GPS. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by the observation that non‐cleavable aGPCRs exhibit constitutive activity, thus making the function of GPS cleavage widely enigmatic. In this study, we sought to elucidate the function of GPS‐mediated cleavage through the study of G protein coupling with Latrophilin‐3/ADGRL3, a prototypical aGPCR involved in synapse formation and function. Using BRET‐based G protein biosensors, we reveal that an autoproteolysis‐deficient mutant of ADGRL3 retains constitutive activity. Surprisingly, we uncover that cleavage deficiency leads to a signalling bias directed at potentiating the activity of select G proteins such as Gi2 and G12/13. These data unveil the underpinnings of biased signalling for aGPCRs defined by GPS autoproteolysis.
Prevalence of blood donation eligibility in Australia: A population survey
Authors: Mowat Yasmin , Hoad Veronica , Haire Bridget , Masser Barbara , Kaldor John , Heywood Anita , Thorpe Rachel , McManus Hamish , McGregor Skye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundReliable estimates of the population proportion eligible to donate blood are needed by blood collection agencies to model the likely impact of changes in eligibility criteria and inform targeted population‐level education, recruitment, and retention strategies. In Australia, the sole estimate was calculated 10+ years ago. With several subsequent changes to the eligibility criteria, an updated estimate is required.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional national population survey to estimate eligibility for blood donation. Respondents were aged 18+ and resident in Australia. Results were weighted to obtain a representative sample of the population.ResultsEstimated population prevalence of blood donation eligibility for those aged 18–74 was 57.3% (95% CI 55.3–59.3). The remaining 42.7% (95% CI 40.7–44.7) were either temporarily (25.3%, 95% CI 23.5–27.2) or permanently ineligible (17.4%, 95% CI 16.1–18.9). Of those eligible at the time of the survey, that is, with the UK geographic deferral for variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease included, (52.9%, 95% CI 50.8–54.9), 14.2% (95% CI 12.3–16.3) reported donating blood within the previous 2 years. Eligibility was higher among men (62.6%, 95% CI 59.6–65.6) than women (52.8%, 95% CI 50.1–55.6). The most common exclusion factor was iron deficiency/anemia within the last 6 months; 3.8% (95% CI 3.2–4.6) of the sample were ineligible due to this factor alone.DiscussionWe estimate that approximately 10.5 million people (57.3% of 18–74‐year‐olds) are eligible to donate blood in Australia. Only 14.2% of those eligible at the time of survey reported donating blood within the previous 2 years, indicating a large untapped pool of potentially eligible blood donors.
Effectiveness of penile ventral curvature correction and the trend of hypospadias repair: a prospective study of the national center in China
Authors: Yang Zhenzhen , Li Jiayi , Liu Pei , Fang Yiwei , Wang Xinyu , Fan Songqiao , Li Zonghan , Shao Zikun , Xia Yujie , Wang Zihong , Liu He , Sun Ning , Song Hongcheng , Zhang Weiping 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundHypospadias repair is a complex surgical procedure that involves correcting penile ventral curvature (VC) and performing urethroplasty. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies for VC correction and analyse the trends in hypospadias repair at a national centre in China.MethodsProspective data collection was conducted from 2019 to 2020 for patients undergoing hypospadias repair. The effectiveness of VC correction was assessed based on the degree of VC change with different strategies. Furthermore, the choice of surgical techniques for different types of hypospadias repair was analysed.ResultsA total of 434 patients were included, with a median preoperative VC degree of 50° (35°, 70°). All patients achieved a straight penis postoperatively, with 15.2% undergoing degloving, 28.6% undergoing degloving and dorsal plication (DP), 13.1% undergoing degloving and urethral plate transection (UPT), and 43.1% undergoing degloving, UPT and DP. Degloving alone was effective in correcting VC in 57.6% of patients with VC less than 30°. In our analysis, DP after UPT resulted in a higher degree of correction (25°) compared with DP after degloving alone (20°) (p<0.001). The study identified the current trends in hypospadias repair, with tubularised incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) being the most common technique used in distal hypospadias repair (70.6% of patients) and transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty (TPIFU) being preferred for proximal hypospadias repair (63.0%).ConclusionsDegloving alone is effective for correcting VC less than 30°. The majority of patients in our centre underwent UPT, and DP after UPT yielded better results compared with DP after degloving alone. Distal hypospadias repair commonly used TIP, while TPIFU was favoured for proximal hypospadias repair.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900023055.
Prognosis of light chain amyloidosis: a multivariable analysis for survival prediction in patients with cardiac involvement proven by endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Bucur Julian , Vey Johannes A , Greiner Sebastian , aus dem Siepen Fabian , Hegenbart Ute , Schönland Stefan , Katus Hugo A , Frey Norbert , Mereles Derliz 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCardiac involvement is a main determinant of mortality in light chain (AL) amyloidosis but data on survival of patients with cardiac AL amyloidosis proven by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) are sparse.MethodsThis study analysed clinical, laboratory, electrocardiography and echocardiographic parameters for their prognostic value in the assessment of patients with AL amyloidosis and cardiac involvement. Patients with AL amyloidosis who had their first visit to the amyloidosis centre at the University Hospital Heidelberg between 2006 and 2017 (n=1628) were filtered for cardiac involvement proven by EMB. In the final cohort, mortality-associated markers were analysed by univariate and multivariable Cox regression. Cut-off values for each parameter were calculated using the survival time.ResultsOne-hundred and seventy-four patients could be identified. Median overall survival time was 1.5 years and median follow-up time was 5.2 years. At the end of the investigation period, 115 patients had died. In multivariable analysis, New York Heart Association-functional class >II (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.50; p=0.019), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.22; p=0.007), left ventricular end-systolic volume (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03; p=0.001), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99; p=0.027), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.11; p=0.003) and difference in free light chains (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.62; p=0.017) were independently predictive.ConclusionAmong all patients with AL amyloidosis those with cardiac involvement represent a high-risk population with limited therapy options. Therefore, accurate risk stratification is necessary to identify cardiac amyloidosis patients with favourable prognosis. Incorporation of modern imaging techniques into existing or newly developed scoring systems is a promising option that might enable the implementation of risk-adapted therapeutic strategies.
Types of vegetables shape composition, diversity, and co-occurrence networks of soil bacteria and fungi in karst areas of southwest China
Authors: Wei Xiaoliao , Fu Tianling , He Guandi , Zhong Zhuoyan , Yang Mingfang , Lou Fei , He Tengbing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Microorganisms are of significant importance in soil. Yet their association with specific vegetable types remains poorly comprehended. This study investigates the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in soil by employing high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA genes and ITS rRNA genes while considering the cultivation of diverse vegetable varieties.

Results
The findings indicate that the presence of cultivated vegetables influenced the bacterial and fungal communities leading to discernible alterations when compared to uncultivated soil. In particular, the soil of leafy vegetables (such as cabbage and kale) exhibited higher bacterial α-diversity than melon and fruit vegetable (such as cucumber and tomato), while fungal α-diversity showed an inverse pattern. The prevailing bacterial phyla in both leafy vegetable and melon and fruit vegetable soils were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi. In leafy vegetable soil, dominant fungal phyla included Ascomycota, Olpidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota whereas in melon and fruit vegetable soil. Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Rozellomycota held prominence. Notably, the relative abundance of Ascomycota was lower in leafy vegetable soil compared to melon and fruit vegetable soil. Moreover, leafy vegetable soil exhibited a more complex and stable co-occurrence network in comparison to melon and fruit vegetable soil.

Conclusion
The findings enhance our understanding of how cultivated soil bacteria and fungi respond to human disturbance, thereby providing a valuable theoretical basis for soil health in degraded karst areas of southwest China.