bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosodic assessment in Egyptian children with specific language impairment
Authors: Shaheen Elham A. , Shohdi Sahar S. , Ahmed Nader N. , Ashour Heba 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Background
Prosody is the aspect of language that conveys emotion by changes in tone, rhythm, and emphasis during speech. Prosody includes aspects such as intonation and tone of voice. Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder in which language development is below the chronological age despite normal nonverbal intelligence and no obvious neurological or physiological impairments or emotional and/or social difficulties that could impact language use. Most of these children experience considerable difficulty in language comprehension and/or production and experience specific problems in learning syntactic rules. In the speech stream, boundaries of major syntactic constituents are reliably marked by prosodic cues. Although deficits in related aspects of prosody have been hypothesized to underlie SLI, prosody has been little studied in Egyptian children having SLIs.

Objective
The objective of this work was to assess prosody in Egyptian children with an SLI in order to correlate the results with the clinical profile of the patients so as to choose the proper rehabilitation training program.

Participants and method
This study included 30 Egyptian children with SLIs and 30 normal children as a control group; their ages ranged between 4 and 6 years. Assessment included language assessment using the Arabic language test and prosodic assessment using the protocol of prosodic assessment, which was especially designed to assess prosodic abilities in Arabic-speaking children.

Results
Results revealed a significant difference in most of the individual and total subjective scores of prosodic skills between the control group and children with SLIs. Although the difference in the average of the total objective scores of prosodic assessment, which included pitch and energy, was highly significant, the average of total sentence duration was insignificant. There was significant correlation between the total language age and all subjective scores and an insignificant correlation with the total objective scores of prosodic assessment skills in SLI children.

Conclusion
SLI children have defective receptive, expressive, subjective, and objective scores of prosodic assessment skills that should be considered during the rehabilitation program for language stimulation for these children.
Newborn hearing screening: importance and characteristics of a high-risk register in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Farid Ahmed Sameh , El Salam Seoud Iman Abd , El Dessouky Tarek Mohamed , El Shabrawy Marwa Mohamed , Mounir Zeinab Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Background
Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in approximately two to four infants per 1000. Children whose hearing loss is identified, and who receive appropriate intervention before 6 months of age, develop significantly better language ability than those who are identified later.

Objectives
To assess the failure rate of neonatal hearing screening in a high-risk register group of neonates and the relative importance of these risk factors in hearing impairment in the neonatal ICU (NICU) of the El-Mounira Children Hospital and identify the incidence of hearing loss.

Patients and methods
The study was carried out on 100 neonates in El-Mounira Children Hospital (NICU) and on 30 control neonates (15 boys and 15girls) chosen from Kasr El-Eini Maternity Hospital. All control cases aged 1–4 days had normal birth weight (2000–4000 g) and gestational age (35–40 weeks) and were delivered normally or by cesarean section without complications. The children in the study group were 3–23 days old (53 boys and 47 girls) and had birth weight ranging from 900 to 4000 g and gestational age ranging from 28 to 41 weeks. All the cases were screened for hearing loss using the transient evoked otoacoustic emission device (Echo-Screen), followed by a second-stage screening for those who failed the test with the transient evoked otoacoustic emission device. Those cases given a Refer were then made to undergo an Automated Auditory Brainstem Response test after 3–4 weeks.

Results
In the NICU group, 55% had hyperbilirubinemia, requiring exchange transfusion, 13% were of low birth weight (<1500 g), and 13% were on mechanical ventilation. Other risk factors such as cranio-facial anomalies showed a combined effect. In the first screening phase, 71% were given a Pass response and 29% were given a Refer response. In the second screening phase, 28% were given a Pass, 31% were given a Refer, and 41% were dropouts, as they had passed their critical stage and had been discharged. The highest referral rates were in neonates with multiple risk factors.

Conclusion
A comprehensive intervention and management program must be an integral part of the screening program in the postnatal period. Public awareness about the value of hearing screening is important for follow-up to be more effective. Monitoring of ototoxic drug administration and further assessment of the high prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia are needed. A team of obstetricians, pediatricians, and audiologists is needed to identify and assess risk factors.
Pragmatic assessment in Egyptian stuttering children
Authors: Shaheen Elham Ahmed , Anter Amr Abd-Elsalam , Hussin Nesreen Fathy 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Background
Pragmatics, the use of language in context, has been investigated only recently in the language of children who stutter. Some investigators have begun to address how the language and fluency of stuttering are influenced in different communicative settings. Some recent data have suggested that there may be a propensity for a delay or differences in certain areas of language learning for children who stutter compared with normal fluent children, specifically in vocabulary, pragmatic, or syntax development.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess pragmatic skills in Egyptian Arabic-speaking children who stutter and to determine the relation between stuttering and the pragmatic aspect of language for future planning of a pragmatic-focused rehabilitation program for children who stutter.

Participants and methods
The sample in this study included 20 Egyptian Arabic-speaking children diagnosed to have stuttering and 20 children with normally developed language who spoke fluently. Both groups were of average intelligence; their age ranged between 4 and 7 years. All were from the same socioeconomic strata and were selected from the outpatient clinic Kasr El-Aini Hospital. All participants were subjected to a pragmatic assessment and language assessment applied in the Phoniatric Unit, Kasr El-Aini hospital.

Results
Scores of pragmatic skills were significantly lower in the stuttering group than the control group, except in object function skills. Preverbal communication skills decreased with increasing degree of stuttering and with an increase in Bloodstein stages of stuttering. Otherwise, other pragmatic skills showed no linear correlation with increasing degree of stuttering severity or an increase in Bloodstein stages of stuttering

Conclusion
Scores of pragmatic skills were significantly deficient in the stuttering group. All this should be considered during planning of a rehabilitation program for stuttering.
Communication skills, sensory integration functions, and auditory brainstem response: findings in a group of Egyptian children with autistic features
Authors: Samy Kamal L. , Osman Dalia M. , Selim Mona H. , Mohamed Reham A. 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Objectives
The aim of this work was to study the correlation between communication skills, sensory integration dysfunction, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings in a group of children with autistic features in order to gain a better understanding of some of the communication deficits commonly encountered in these children.

Methods
The study was conducted on 25 Egyptian children with autistic features and 25 age-matched and sex-matched typically developing children. All the children’s age ranged from 4 to 9 years. Each child was subjected to the following: history taking, communication assessment, sensory integration dysfunction questionnaire, psychometric evaluation, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, basic audiological evaluation, and assessment of ABR (20 and 70 c/s). The results obtained from the two groups were then compared. In addition, correlation studies of all the results obtained were carried out.

Results
There were significant differences between the two groups under study in terms of communication skills, sensory integration dysfunction, and ABR waves III, III–V, V (20 c/s), I–V, and Vº (70 c/s). There was a significant negative correlation between ABR waves I and III and behavior, intentionality, capacity of symbols, reasoning, and total communication scores. There was a significant negative correlation between ABR waves III and V and forms, behaviors, intentionality, capacity of symbols, imitation, and total communication scores. There was a significant positive correlation between auditory sensory dysfunction scores and ABR wave V and waves III–V. There was a significant negative correlation between sensory integration dysfunction and intelligent quotient and communication skills. There was a significant positive correlation between sensory integration dysfunction scores and the severity of autism.

Conclusion and recommendations
Some of the communication difficulties shown by children with autism might be related to sensory integration dysfunction. Auditory defects in autism may involve lower levels of neural transmission. Reducing sensory integration deficits can aid in minimizing some of the features commonly encountered in children with autism. This would also aid in further development of their sociocommunication skills. ABR, as an objective tool, may be used as a prognostic indicator.
Assessment of saccular function using cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in children with sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Selim Mona H. , El-Abd Shereen M. , El-Minawi Mohamed S. , Nassef Amr A. F. , Yousef Beatrice M. 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Objectives
The aim of this work was to examine saccular function using cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) in children with congenital or acquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Study design
Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Participants and methods
This study was carried out on 30 children with different degrees of SNHL with normal middle ear function and 25 age-matched and sex-matched typically developing children. All the participants’ age ranged from 5 to 18 years. For each child, the following were administered: history taking, an otologic examination, a basic audiological evaluation in the form of pure tone audiometry and immittancemetry, air-conducted cVEMPs, and computed tomography scan of the temporal bone. The results obtained from the two groups were then compared. In addition, correlation studies between all the results obtained were carried out.

Results
There was a statistically nonsignificant difference between the patients and the controls in cVEMP P13 and N23 latencies, whereas the cVEMP P13–N23 amplitude and threshold results showed a highly significant difference. cVEMP measurements in relation to sex within the patient group showed that the cVEMP threshold was the only positive outcome that showed a significant difference, and was higher in females. There was a highly significant positive correlation between hearing loss and the cVEMP threshold among the patient groups with different degrees of hearing losses. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between age and cVEMP P13 and N23 latencies among the patient group.

Conclusion
SNHL is associated with saccular dysfunction in the pediatric population in the form of decreased cVEMP P13–N23 amplitudes and elevated cVEMP thresholds. Females presented with higher cVEMP threshold values than men, and cVEMP latencies appear to increase with age. An increase in hearing loss is associated with an increase in the cVEMP threshold and cVEMP amplitude appears to decrease with hearing loss irrespective of its degree. We recommend the inclusion of cVEMPs in the battery of evaluation of children with SNHL to detect early subtle changes in saccular function. Future research focusing on the genes causing SNHL and its relation to VEMP findings should be carried out.
The effect of treatment of nasal and sinus diseases on the success rate of palatal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Nassim Nassim T. , Elhoshy Hassan M. , Fattah Ahmed F. A. , Safwat Sherif F. , Atef Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Objective
Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have coexisting nasal and sinus problems. In the absence of major anatomical abnormalities, these problems may be overlooked, hence jeopardizing the success rate of palatal surgery. Our objective was to identify the effect of medical management of nasal and sinus diseases on the success rate of palatal surgery in mild to moderate cases of OSA.

Methodology
This prospective study included 28 patients divided in two groups; group A was treated medically with antibiotics and local steroids before palatal surgeries, whereas group B was not treated medically before palatal surgeries. Assessment was made preoperatively and postoperatively using polysomnography.

Results
Group A showed more improvement in the apnea hypopnea index than group B.

Conclusion
Management of nasal and sinus problems improves the results of palatal surgery in cases of mild to moderate OSA.
Assisted locoregional anaesthesia for endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with concomitant septoplasty
Authors: Aboud Saleh K. , Aini AbAziz , Gendeh Balwant S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe standard treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction has been dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery. Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) has been gaining popularity, largely because of technological advances in endoscopes and other modern instruments used for rhinologic surgery. EnDCR can be performed under locoregional anaesthesia in elderly and medically unfit patients for general anaesthesia. The EnDCR often requires septal or turbinate surgery to optimize access to the lacrimal area. Here, we report a revision EnDCR using cold steel tools with powered drills under locoregional anaesthesia in an unfit elderly patient with chronic excessive tearing because of chronic dacryocystitis.
Palonosetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in middle ear surgery: a randomized-controlled study
Authors: Elahl Mohamed I. , Badea Michel 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of palonosetron, the 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after middle ear surgery.

Patients and methods
Sixty-two ASA I and II patients who had undergone middle ear surgery under general anesthesia were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study and were enrolled into two groups: palonosetron group (P) and placebo control group (C). Patients were administered 0.075 mg of palonosetron or isotonic saline, respectively. The incidence of PONV and requirement of rescue antiemetics were assessed. The severity of nausea was evaluated according to the visual analogue scale. Patients who had not experienced any attack of vomiting or received rescue drug were considered to have a complete response.

Results
The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in group P than that in the control group C during (0–4 h) P-value less than 0.001 and (4–24 h) 0.05 periods, and the incidence of complete response was 83.7% in group P and 6.5% in group C (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Palonosetron could provide effective prophylactic antiemetic control to prevent PONV after middle ear surgery under general anesthesia.
Evaluation of Ameliorative Effects of Phyllantus amarus and Senna alata in Acetaminophen-induced Hepato-nephro Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Okwulu O. J.  , Lawal I.  
Published: September 2023

Background: Liver and kidney are basic organs in the body because they perform vital functions in the system, the prevention of injury to them is necessary as well as the management of injury on them is vital. P. amarus and S. alata were plants that had been used to protect the liver by traditionalist, but there was no study to evaluate their ameliorative effects on liver and kidney damage and to comparatively identify the one that has more efficacy in managing the organs.
Study Design: Experimental Design
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, between February to April 2023.
Methods: The hydroethanolic (70%) extract of both plants were obtained by maceration. Experimental animals were divided into 8 groups, group I were given distilled water, group II were given acetaminophen (ACP) only, group III-V were given ACP (850mg/kg) before Phyllantus amarus (PAM) 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 900mg/kg respectively while group VI-VIII were given ACP before Senna alata (SA) at same three doses for 14 days. Acetaminophen (850mg/kg) was administered a day after fasting before the extract(s); Gross weighing of the organs was done, and samples for biochemical analysis and organs for histopathological evaluation were collected.
Results: P. amarus at all the doses demonstrated ameliorative effects, reducing the weight of the liver at 300mg/kg and 900mg/kg (P≤.01), decreased significantly (P≥.0001) the elevated level of all the parameters (ALP,AST,ALT,BUN,T.BIL) with no visible lesion in the his picture of the organs. S alata significantly decreased (P≥.0001) the biochemical parameters at 300mg/kg
Conclusion: The result of this study showed that both plants have ameliorative effects but P. amarus has more ameliorative potentials.
Antidiabetic Activity of Apigenin (4, 5, 7 – Trihydroxy Flavone) from Leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl (Verbennaceae)
Authors: Odoh Uchenna Estella , Sangwan Payare Lal , Odoh Ikenna Stanley 
Published: September 2023

Background: Apigenin is a polyphenolic compound that belongs to the class of flavonoids and is considered highly therapeutic.
Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of apigenin isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of leaves of Stachytarpheta jamiacensis (L) Vahl (Verbennaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Cold maceration was used to extract the S. jamiacensis powdered leaves with dichloromethane: methanol (1:1). Hexane, dichloromethane, and aqueous methanol fractions of the extract were obtained through fractionation. To isolate the bioactive molecule, the dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) was then subjected to column chromatography and eluted with several solvent mixtures in ascending polarity order. With the aid of data from FTIR, UV, GC-MS, 1HNMR (400MHz), and 13CNMR (101MHz), the structure of the isolated compound was identified. The Phytochemical analysis of the isolate and acute toxicity study was done following standard procedures. The anti-diabetic potential of the isolate was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose levels on alloxan-induced rats at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight.
Results: The compound was identified as apigenin (4, 5, 7 – trihydroxy flavones) and showed significant (p<0.05) reduction of 79.56 and 81.74 % in fasting blood glucose levels at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively when compared with the standard drug (glibenclamide 83.40 %). The isolate's phytochemical analysis revealed flavonoids and the LD50 test demonstrates that apigenin was not harmful.
Conclusion: The findings show that the apigenin from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl has potent anti-diabetic properties.
Clinical Care for People Who Survive Childhood Cancer
Authors: Bhatia Smita , Tonorezos Emily S. , Landier Wendy 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceAn estimated 15 000 children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years are diagnosed with cancer each year in the US, and more than 85% survive for at least 5 years. By 45 years of age, approximately 95% of people who survive childhood cancer will develop a significant health problem related to the childhood cancer diagnosis or its treatment.ObservationsApproximately 500 000 people currently alive in the US have survived childhood cancer. The most common severe or life-threatening chronic health problems related to childhood cancer or its treatment are endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism or growth hormone deficiency (44%), subsequent neoplasms such as breast cancer or thyroid cancer (7%), and cardiovascular disease such as cardiomyopathy or congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease (5.3%). Medical conditions related to a cancer diagnosis during childhood or adolescence are most commonly caused by the radiation therapy and the chemotherapies used to treat cancer and may develop at varying lengths of time after exposure to these treatments. Individuals at highest risk for developing treatment-related health problems include patients with brain cancer treated with cranial irradiation (approximately 70% develop severe or life-threatening health problems) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (approximately 60% develop severe or life-threatening health problems). Individuals at the lowest risk for developing treatment-related health problems include those who survived solid tumors (such as Wilms tumor) treated with surgical resection alone or with minimal chemotherapy, for whom the prevalence of subsequent health problems is similar to people who did not have cancer during childhood or adolescence. People diagnosed with childhood cancer in the 1990s who survived for at least 5 years after the cancer diagnosis have a shorter lifespan (by about 9 years) vs children who were not diagnosed with cancer in the 1990s.Conclusions and RelevanceApproximately 500 000 individuals currently alive in the US have survived childhood cancer. The most common adverse effects in individuals who survived childhood cancer are endocrine disorders, subsequent neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease. There is a need for clinicians and patients to have heightened awareness of these complications.