bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Judicial Federalism
Authors: Williams Robert F. , Friedman Lawrence 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Part II covers the New Judicial Federalism, the development of state court interpretations of some state constitutional rights provisions to be more protective than the same or similar federal constitutional provisions as interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court. The New Judicial Federalism has been the driving force in the increased interest in, and relevance of, state constitutions in the past several generations. Because state constitutional interpretation in rights cases has been so dominated by concerns over whether state courts should follow or diverge from federal constitutional doctrine, this part treats these issues separately from more general interpretation issues. This part focuses on techniques of analysis in the very important area of America’s dual enforcement of constitutional norms, with examples drawn from many state courts.
Lockstepping State Constitutional Rights with Federal Constitutional Law
Authors: Williams Robert F. , Friedman Lawrence 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores state court adoption of federal constitutional doctrine and the forms of lockstepping state and federal constitutional analyses. It addresses judicial approaches to the adoption of federal constitutional doctrine as a matter of state constitutional law, including examination of the phenomena of unreflective adoptionism; reflective, case-by-case adoptionism; and varieties of prospective lockstepping. The chapter looks specifically at efforts to lockstep equality doctrine by focusing on state constitutional equality provisions and the interpretation of these provisions by state courts. The chapter critiques the practice of prospective lockstepping and concludes by asking whether the practice reflects a considered judicial strategy.
The State Judicial Branch
Authors: Williams Robert F. , Friedman Lawrence 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the work of state supreme courts and their development, in comparison to the institutional role of the U.S. Supreme Court in the federal system. The chapter covers the nature of the judicial power, judicial review, judicial selection, the rules of practice and procedure, the regulation of practice and procedure, the regulation of the practice of law, the inherent powers of the courts, and advisory opinions and certified questions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the position and function of the state judiciary in the state constitutional scheme of government, and the ways in which the position and function of the state judiciary differ from their federal counterpart.
Digital Mediations of Sexual Identity and Personal Disclosure
Authors: Duguay Stefanie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the book’s theoretical framework of identity modulation. It builds on foundational literature pertaining to sexual identity, the management of identity on social media, and digital self-representation to develop the concept of identity modulation as the combination of processes through which individuals and platforms shape how personal elements of identity are created, circulated, and received on social media. Identity modulation includes the dynamics of personal identifiability, reach, and salience, which are modulated through individual decision-making and platforms’ infrastructures, business models, and governance approaches. The chapter introduces the book’s approach to researching queer women who participate in identity modulation on the mobile apps Tinder, Instagram, and Vine. Their experiences and self-representations provide a sense of the opportunities and hurdles encountered in processes of identity modulation, many of which are likely also experienced by individuals disclosing other personal aspects of identity.
#Lesbehonest
Authors: Duguay Stefanie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates how queer women integrate sexual identity into their self-branding on Instagram and Vine. These platforms’ digital affordances, especially Instagram’s filters and Vine’s looping video, provide users with heightened ability to attract attention and broaden the reach of identity-based self-representations. The queer women interviewed drew on these affordances to self-brand in support of their day jobs and side gigs, or in hopes of attracting fame through social media. They imbued self-branding with elements of sexual identity through three forms of labor: intimate affective, formulating relatable personal disclosures that convey intimate details; developmental aesthetic, acquiring and practicing skills necessary to create a persona aligned with one’s target audience; and aspiring relational, attempting to build relationships with those who have large followings on the basis of shared identity. The women dually experienced this digital labor as exploitative and alienating while also opening opportunities for greater social and economic participation.
Conclusion
Authors: Duguay Stefanie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter emphasizes the need for individuals to have greater agency over how they create, circulate, and manage personal aspects of identity on social media. It closely examines challenges that the queer women interviewed encountered when exercising their agency, including forms of exclusion, devaluation of platform labor, and insufficient protection from harassment and censorship. Approaches for addressing these problems are proposed at multiple levels, which include technological changes as well as shifts to the social, cultural, and economic contexts in which platforms operate. The chapter discusses the deplatforming of sexuality, identifying the need for social media platforms to support consensual sexual expression. Beyond sexual identity, it argues that individuals’ agency over their digital self-representation should be recognized as a right within their overall digital citizenship, which platforms have a responsibility to uphold and preserve.
Introduction
Authors: Nedelsky Jennifer , Malleson Tom 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The introduction provides an overview of the book. The premise is that care involves work and good work involves care. We offer a diagnosis of the interconnected problems of work and care: inequality for care-givers, family stress, time scarcity, and the care/policy divide that generates policy makers ignorant of care and excludes care givers as policy makers. It outlines the solution of new norms: no one does paid work for more than 30 hours a week, and everyone contributes roughly 22 hours of unpaid care to family, friends, or their chosen community of care. The challenges of norm transformation are also addressed. The introduction outlines each chapter: “CARE” and “WORK” explain the new norms and structures we propose. The final chapters explain the feasibility of these transformations for high income countries in the current global economy.
Work
Authors: Nedelsky Jennifer , Malleson Tom 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
“Work” examines how to restructure work so that everyone can be a care giver. It elaborates on the idea of good part-time work for all, and describes how the new work norms might look in practice. It discusses the expected benefits of good part-time work for all, and contrasts our vision with other well-known feminist proposals (such as those of Anne Marie Slaughter, universal breadwinning, and Wages for Housework). It also responds to concerns that reducing work hours to part-time will undermine creative work and excellence (doesn’t excellence require single-minded devotion, which will be undermined by forcing experts to care?), as well as the frequent worry that “my job couldn’t possibly be done part-time. I’m barely managing as it is!” The chapter argues for the transformation of the meaning of “work” in people’s lives, and the depth of the cultural transformation of equally valuing “work and care.”
Transitioning
Authors: Nedelsky Jennifer , Malleson Tom 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
What kind of concrete economic institutions would be necessary to foster and facilitate an equitable division of caregiving work? These final two chapters examine the big picture viability of Part-Time for All. This chapter discusses transition. In other words, what is necessary to help societies move toward PTfA? The question of transition has two important components. One is the question of how to reform our economic institutions so that everyone has the option of working a high-quality, flexible, part-time job. The other is how to enhance the desire for such jobs. After all, it is not enough to simply create available options for part-time work. Unless there is a corresponding change in norms, values, and desires, many people (particularly men) will refuse to undertake such work, preferring the status and financial rewards associated with full-time work. This chapter examines these two fundamental issues in turn.
Feasibility
Authors: Nedelsky Jennifer , Malleson Tom 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Is it feasible to have an entire economy based on part-time work? Is it affordable for individual workers and for society as a whole? Could such an economy generate sufficient resources for the kind of economic security that we all require? The aim of this chapter is to address these fundamental questions by analyzing the economic institutions that would be needed to sustain and underlie a society committed to Part-Time for All. The central argument is that an economy which provides options for secure, flexible, quality, part-time work for all is indeed economically viable. Although such a society would be profoundly different from the current reality, at least in North America, it is not at all utopian. Part-Time for All is compatible with modern, complex, capitalist economies; it can survive globalization, and it can flourish in the twenty-first century.
Introduction
Authors: Strawser Bradley Jay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost people believe that killing someone, while generally morally wrong, can in some cases be a permissible act. Most people similarly believe that war, while awful, can be justified. This book addresses both subjects as equal parts in a larger meditation on the ethics of harm and moral responsibility—whether in war collectively or in individual cases of self-defense—and whatever it is that lies in between the two. The book sets out by examining the moral justification for individual defensive killing and then tests its application to collective war as a natural outgrowth of the former. In seeking sincere answers to these morally vexing questions, it offers a novel theory of liability attribution based upon evidence-relative norms: we should only be held morally responsible for what we could possibly know is wrong based on the evidence before us. In developing this theory of liability as it applies to war, Bounds of Defense also gives a robust apologia of so-called “revisionist” just war theory and charts a neo-liberal basis for just war theory grounded on the value of individual autonomy along the way. The entire book is an earnest attempt to take individual rights and responsibilities seriously in our thinking over killing and the horrors of war.
The Evidence-Relative View of Liability Attribution
Authors: Strawser Bradley Jay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I offer my evidence-relative account of how we should understand the responsibility criterion for liability attribution of defensive harm. Among rights-based accounts that hold responsibility as necessary for liability attribution, there is a range of options for how to best understand that responsibility. Using the tri-part conceptual framing of belief-relative, evidence-relative, and fact-relative, I argue that liability attribution only holds when the agent in question is in violation of their evidence-relative norms for the unjust threat of harm to be averted by defensive force. This is not a simple culpability account, but respects the agency of the actors trapped in many of these dilemmas, including the epistemic contexts and standings they have in relation to their beliefs. This view, if correct, has a litany of significant implications for how we understand justified defensive harm at both the individual level and the collective use of force.
The Evidence-Relative View and Intricate Symmetries
Authors: Strawser Bradley Jay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the previous chapter, I made the case for the Evidence-Relative View of liability attribution—that one must be in violation of their evidence-relative norms, not merely their fact-relative norms, to be properly responsible for liability to obtain. In this chapter, I explore the many implications of this view and the intricate ways in which agents in defense harm cases are relationally situated, and why it matters. The further complications of the view examined in this chapter include risk imposition, applying evidentiary questions to classic cases, and the complex matters surrounding third-party defensive intervention. The key answers to these questions involve the application of Moral Epistemic Contextualism combined with a proper understanding of failing one’s epistemic due diligence to attend to the evidence we have before us.
A New Proposal for Liability in War
Authors: Strawser Bradley Jay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAfter defending revisionist just war theory in the previous chapter, I now turn to show how the evidence-relative account of liability attribution not only coheres with revisionism, but further advances the view. I do this by contending with the powerful real-world objection that holds we can never actually apply a revisionist approach in real combat. I argue that we could do so, not only in theory but in partial practice, by modifying the rules of engagement in such a way to create a degreed-tier system of combatant and noncombatant status in war. This status would be based on the agent’s reasonably perceived liability, rather than mere threat of harm or status as a member of a military, or not. I propose that such an approach, while incredibly difficult, would be possible, and explore some contemporary cases to demonstrate this. In particular, I show how the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine presents stark examples of this approach’s moral strengths.
Towards a New Liberal Theory of Just War
Authors: Strawser Bradley Jay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn chapter 6, we set out the puzzle of benevolent conditional aggression. In this chapter, I resolve the puzzle and defend the Defense Intuition—which holds that an aggressed-upon state can still justifiably engage in collective defense, even when the aggression is benevolent and conditional. I do so by relying on the liberal value of individual autonomy, and the ways in which individual autonomies can combine to form necessary group projects and options. In some cases, these arrangements can result in the value of the group projects being worthy enough to the autonomy of the individuals that lethal defense is warranted, even against acts that would putatively help them. This is due to the very nature of autonomy as something to be respected, not maximized. The resulting theory paints a picture of how a neo-liberal just war theory could be built not upon collective rights, but individual rights. The contemporary example of the 2022 Russian war in Ukraine is given to demonstrate.
The Chemistry and Flavor of Artisanal Honey
Authors: Uhl, Katie , Mitchell Alyson E. , Harris Amina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Artisanal honey usually originates from bees that forage on the nectar of one type of flower (monofloral honey), as opposed to the commercial product that comes from a variety of flowers and is mixed with other honeys. Monofloral honey gives distinctive flavors and aromas associated with the nectar source, and over 300 monofloral types are available in the United States. Studies on artisanal honey show levels of certain aroma-active volatile compounds that are present at lower concentrations in mass-produced honey. A focus in this chapter is on one artisanal producer who keeps their honey temperature low, unlike the large-scale product, to retain the naturally occurring pollen and enzymes. Every local honey is unique, and beekeepers often seek out specific forage areas to collect distinctive varietals for the product.
The Basal Ganglia
Authors: Uysal Suzan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that primarily play a role in motor function, especially in governing the speed and spontaneity of movement. Basal ganglia pathology gives rise to movement disorders. The basal ganglia also play a role in non-motor functions, although in ways that are less understood. Persons with movement disorders due to basal ganglia pathology may have prominent cognitive and emotional disturbances, even at early stages of the disease. This chapter describes the anatomy of the basal ganglia, clinical syndromes resulting from basal ganglia pathology, and diseases prominently involving the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease.
The Parietal Lobes and Associated Disorders
Authors: Uysal Suzan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The parietal lobes consist of two basic functional zones: an anterior zone of somatosensory cortex, and a posterior zone of association cortex that integrates somatosensory information with visual and auditory information. Lesions to the anterior zone or its connections (including the input pathways) result in a variety of somatosensory disorders. Lesions to the posterior zone result in a wide array of deficits that can be classified as disorders of spatial cognition and disorders of spatial attention. This chapter describes the anatomy of the parietal lobe and disorders associated with parietal lobe lesions, including cortical somatosensory processing disorders, body schema disorders, unilateral spatial neglect, simultanagnosia, Bálint’s syndrome, left angular gyrus syndrome, anosognosia, and posterior cortical atrophy.
Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Uysal Suzan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Consciousness may be defined as a neurological state in which one is fully awake and aware of self and environment and has normal responses to external stimulation and inner needs. Unconsciousness is the opposite; it is a neurological state of overtly diminished responsiveness to environmental stimuli and unawareness of self and environment. Consciousness has two basic dimensions: wakefulness and awareness. Awareness requires wakefulness; however, wakefulness does not require awareness, as one can be awake but unaware. Level of consciousness exists on a continuum, from full consciousness in which the individual is awake and aware, to coma in which the individual is neither awake nor aware and is in a state of unarousable unresponsiveness. This chapter describes the disorders of consciousness, namely coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state, and delirium, as well as the coma-like states of locked-in-syndrome and brain death.
Aim, Scope, Limits, and Main Thesis
Authors: Beall Jc 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter sets out the principal aim of the book (viz., to address the ‘logical’ problem of the trinity); it sets out the scope of the discussion; it sets out limits of the discussion; and it conveys the main thesis. Four constraints on the project are explicitly discussed: contradictions of Christ theology as a logical truth- seeking endeavour the Athanasian Creed and robust monotheism. All of these are explained in user-friendly terms in the chapter.
Trinitarian Identity
Authors: Beall Jc 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, Beall’s proposed account for solving the target trinitarian problem(s) – the ‘logical’ problem and the related 3-1-ness problem – is unveiled in meticulous detail. Specifically, this chapter does three things. First, it gives a general and mostly standard framework for defining identity relations. Second, it responds to the principle ‘logical’ problem of trinitarian reality by clearly defining the target trinitarian-identity relation. Lastly, it responds to the related 3-1-ness problem by making explicit at least one core part of the counting convention governing trinitarian identity. Along the way, Beall explicitly articulates fundamental trinitarian entailments that underwrite trinitarian theory and accompany the central trinitarian identity relation.
Towards Future Contradictory Theology
Authors: Beall Jc 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this final chapter, Beall charts a course for the future of glut-theoretic (and gap-theoretic) approaches to longstanding problems within the fields of analytic theology and philosophy of religion. While Beall remains neutral with regard to the various proposals surveyed, he does provide a broad (and helpful) framework for addressing many of the central issues plaguing these fields. Beall also highlights a number of the positives and negatives associated with would-be contradictory solutions already on offer in the literature (including the infamous problem of evil and the foreknowledge and freedom dilemma). Other issues relating to God’s love, creation, and divine transcendence are briefly discussed as well.
Introduction
Authors: Logie Robert H. , Wen Zhisheng (Edward) , Gathercole Susan E. , Cowan Nelson , Engle Randall W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Memory is essential for everyday life. The understanding and study of memory has continued to grow over the years, thanks to well controlled laboratory studies and theory development. However, major challenges arise when attempting to apply theories of memory function to practical problems in society. A theory might be robust in explaining experimental data but fail to capture all that is important when taken out of the lab. The good news is that the application of memory in science to challenges in society is rapidly expanding. In Memory in Science for Society leading international researchers share their passion for combining memory in science with applications of that science to a wide range of challenges in society. Chapters demonstrate how that scientific passion has addressed challenges in education, life attainment, second language learning, remembering life events and faces of strangers, future planning and decision making, lifespan cognitive development and age-related cognitive decline, following instructions, and assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive impairment following brain damage.