bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide on color stability of microhybrid, nanohybrid, and nanofilled resin composites, each in 3 staining solutions (coffee, cola, red grape juice): A 3-phase study
Authors: Ghaemi Azadeh , Sharifishoshtari Sanaz , Shahmoradi Mohsen , Akbari Hossein , Boostanifard Parisa , Bagheri Sepideh , Shokuhifar Mohammadreza , Ashoori Negin , Rakhshan Vahid 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The literature on the effect of bleaching on stainability and color stability of any composites is scarce and controversial. In the case of some composites and/or bleaching agents or staining solutions, there is no previous study. Therefore, this rather large study was conducted for the first time to examine simultaneously the effects of bleaching and 3 staining solutions on 3 composite types.

Materials and Methods:
This 3-phase experimental in vitro study was performed on 18 groups of 5 specimens each: 90 composite discs with 10 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness were fabricated from 3 resin composites (microhybrid, nanohybrid, and nanofilled). Forty-five discs underwent bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide, and the remaining 45 were immersed in distilled water at room temperature. The color assessment was performed before and after this step, and Δa, Δb, and ΔL color parameters were calculated for each specimen. The specimens were then immersed in coffee, cola, and red grape juice for 2 weeks, and underwent colorimetry again. The simultaneous effects of bleaching and staining agents and composite types on ΔE (color changes) of composite specimens were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test, a Mann–Whitney U-test, and two-way and one-way analysis of variances followed by a Tukey and a Dunnett's T3 tests (α = 0.05).

Results:
Bleaching had no significant effect on color changes of microhybrid, nanohybrid, or nanofilled composites (P > 0.05). The stainability of composites did not increase after bleaching (P > 0.05). Regardless of the composite type and the presence of bleaching, coffee had the worst effect on color of composite specimens, while cola had the smallest staining effect (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Stainability of microhybrid/nanohybrid/nanofilled composites did not increase after bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide. Coffee should be consumed with care, as far as composite coloring is a concern, regardless of the type of composite in use or its bleaching history. Cola was the weakest stainer. Coffee always caused perceptible staining (ΔE >3.7), regardless of the composite in use or its bleaching history. Red grape juice caused such perceptible colorations in most cases. Cola did not cause any perceptible discoloration in most cases.
Ex vivo evaluation of the efficacy of depotphoresis method in root canal disinfection
Authors: Moradi Saeed , Moushekhian Siavash , Karazhyan Reza , Ebrahimi Amir 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Electrochemical disinfection of the root canal system (RCS) is introduced as an alternative to conventional irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of depotphoresis method in the disinfection of accessible and inaccessible RCSs.

Materials and Methods:
In this comparative in vitro study disinfection of Enterococcus faecalis-infected RCS using two methods, (1) depotphoresis and (2) sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation plus passive ultrasonic agitation (PUA) took place on 40 extracted maxillary anterior teeth. Decoronation was done with a diamond disc, and the canals were instrumented. The roots were divided into two phases: the specimens with canal obstruction and the specimens without canal obstruction. The smear layer was removed, and the specimens were infected for 21 days with E. faecalis. After disinfection procedures, bacterial samples were taken using two sterile #35 paper points, and colony-forming units (CFU) were counted. Data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test, with a significance level at P < 0.05, to indicate differences between depotphoresis and NaOCl plus PUA groups.

Results:
In both phases, Log CFU after depotphoresis treatment was significantly lower than NaOCl irrigation plus PUA treatment (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Treatment with depotphoresis was significantly more effective than NaOCl irrigation plus PUA treatment.
A Study of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rahman Sofiur , Dhanowar Rajesh Kumar , Saha Aritra , Das Dipankar , Ozah Jinku 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Diabetes and thyroid dysfunctions are closely related to endocrine disorders. Research has shown that there is a clear connection between hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, increased glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and abnormal thyroid function. Hypothyroidism is relatively common in diabetic patients, particularly in those with suboptimal glycemic control. As a result, screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients can aid in the early identification and treatment of hypothyroidism, potentially reducing the risk of complications associated with the condition.

Objectives:
Correlation of TSH and HbA1c in diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, between February 2022 and February 2023. A total of 120 patients with diabetes attending the department without any prior history of thyroid disease or any factor that may affect thyroid function were included in this study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and HbA1c were done in all subjects.

Results:
The result showed that the mean age was 57.68 years with female preponderance (58.33%) and increased mean levels of HbA1c (7.8850%) and TSH (13.566 micro IU/mL). In our study, the mean serum TSH level was significantly higher in uncontrolled diabetes than that in controlled diabetes patients. HbA1c also showed a positive correlation (r = 0.574; P < 0.001) with thyroid abnormality.

Conclusions:
Conducting thyroid function screenings on diabetic patients can aid in the identification of asymptomatic hypothyroid patients. Early detection of underlying thyroid dysfunction facilitates timely treatment, which may enhance glycemic control and ultimately improve the quality of life for diabetic patients.
A Study of Malaria in West Bengal
Authors: Nath Arvind 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Malaria still occurs in West Bengal which is one of the states in the eastern part of India.

Materials and Methods:
The study design included an analysis of the 2017 and 2018 annual reports of the National Centre for Vector Borne Disease Control (NCVBDC).

Results:
The district of Kolkata had a high Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of Malaria of 3.72 during 2017 which decreased to 3.12 in 2018.

Conclusion:
If interventions such as the treatment of asymptomatic carriers take place, it is expected that the API will come down sooner in Kolkata district and in the rest of the state too.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Smoking in Chronic Smokers in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mohamed Shebin Bedardeen , Nagarajan Kinathankaraiyan , Sindhukumar Sindhya KumaraswamyNadar 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Smoking is harmful and causes various diseases due to the accumulation of free radicals causing oxidative damage. Antioxidants help in resisting damage from oxidative stress resulting from cigarette smoking. The presence of the double bonds in the uric acid makes it a powerful antioxidant. Uric acid measurement is cheap, and hence, it can be used as a periodical screening tool for ensuring the adequate antioxidant activity.

Objectives:
To study the relationship between serum uric acid level and smoking in chronic smokers.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study among 110 smokers of age group between 28 and 60 years. A complete detailed history was obtained from subjects including age, sex, average number of daily cigarettes smoked, duration of smoking, and dietary habit. After examination, the attained subjects’ serum uric acid level were assessed.

Results:
Average number of cigarettes smoked (cigarettes/day) and Pack years of smoking have a significantly negative correlation with serum uric acid (mg/dL) and are not correlated with the duration of the smoking. The correlation of serum uric acid with the Pack years of smoking was significant within the age groups and with different dietary patterns, and not with the gender. Linear regression model predicts that serum uric acid (mg/dL) decreases −0.09 times for each unit increase in Pack years of smoking and is statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Cessation of smoking can be recommended among the smokers, to maintain the normal serum uric acid, as uric acid is responsible for the major antioxidant activity in the body, to prevent cancers.
Therapy with Erythropoietin-alpha and Erythropoietin-beta for Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Mateo Diño-Santos Phoebe Anne , Dela Cruz Rachelle C. , Santos Caridad M. , B. Catacutan Angelo Martin 
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims:
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease which can be treated with erythropoietin (EPO). We compared the outcomes of EPO-alpha and EPO-beta in children on maintenance hemodialysis.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
Hemodialysis patients aged 12 to <19 years with hemoglobin ≥8 to <11 g/dL were grouped according to the type of EPO they received. Successful treatment was defined as achievement of hemoglobin ≥11g/dL within 3 months of treatment and successful maintenance as hemoglobin ≥11g/dL for ≥3 months after successful treatment. The effectiveness and treatment cost using EPO-A and EPO-B were compared. Standard statistical tests were used, including Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and multiple regression.

Results:
Thirty-two subjects were included with 16 patients in each group. Patients receiving EPO-B, compared to EPO-A, more often achieved successful treatment (75% vs. 31.2%, P = 0.03; EPO-A adjusted odds ratio, 0.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.71) and maintenance (50% vs. 40%, P = 0.99). EPO-B required lower doses than EPO-A for successful treatment (208 ± 151 vs. 393 ± 140 U/kg/week; P = 0.03) and maintenance (P = 0.99). The median increase of hemoglobin using EPO-B was higher (P = 0.002) beyond the first month. Hypertensive episodes were similar in both groups. Therapy costs were lower with EPO-B than EPO-A during treatment (P = 0.04) and maintenance (P = 0.32) phases.

Conclusions:
This is the first study that directly compares EPO-A and EPO-B in children on maintenance hemodialysis. EPO-B was more effective than EPO-A in the management of anemia in children on maintenance hemodialysis. Both agents had comparable safety profiles. Prospective large studies are required to confirm these findings.
Epidemiological and clinical profile of children reported with HFMD-like illness in the field practice area of an urban health training center of a teaching hospital in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala
Authors: Kanchana Bhagyalakshmi M , Jayaraman Vikram , Krishnan Jishnu , Rajendran Prathibha R M , Moideenkutty Adhila K , Chintha Sujatha , Kumari Anuja U , Kumari Archana P K S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease mainly affecting children caused by Coxsackievirus A16, A4-7,9,10, B1-3, and enterovirus 71.

Objective:
The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological and clinical profile of children with HFMD-like illness in the field practice area of an urban health training center of a teaching hospital in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala during the period from March 2022 to June 2022.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 35 cases reported with papulovesicular skin lesions with or without oral lesions. The cases were retrospectively reviewed and data were collected.

Results:
Out of 35 cases, 22 (62.85%) were female and 13 (37.15%) were male children. The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of the participants was 3.29 (1.43) years. Fever (85.71%) and rash (94.29%) were the most common presenting symptoms. The mean duration (SD) of illness was 8.94 (4.51) days. All cases recovered completely with supportive treatment. Recurrence of the disease was noted among 7 (20%) children within a median period (interquartile range) of 44 (30, 90) days.

Conclusion:
Children in the age group of 1–6 years were the most affected population, and all recovered completely without complications. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics described will be useful for early diagnosis and thus prevent further transmission of the disease.
Epidemiological trend and change in mortality of leptospirosis: An emerging public health threat post-flood in a tertiary care centre in North Kerala
Authors: Athira Thottathan , Chandran Priya , Bindu Vadakkayil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Leptospirosis is considered to be one of the most widespread and emerging zoonosis in the world. Climate change and global warming is affecting the rainfall and flood episodes which leads to the outbreak of disease. Analyzing the trend and change in the mortality pattern of disease is needed to make necessary public health interventions and strategies.

Objective:
To study the epidemiological trend of leptospirosis cases reported to our institute over the last 5 years (2018–2022) and to identify the factors associated with the mortality of leptospirosis.

Materials and Methods:
Secondary data regarding all admitted cases of leptospirosis reported to the surveillance unit of our institution was used. Data were also collected from reports of death audits conducted at frequent intervals.

Results:
Total number of leptospirosis cases reported during the last 5 years was 3102, with 401 deaths (case fatality rate 12.9 %). A varying trend of cases was noted. A maximum number of cases was reported in 2018 after the flood. The mean age was 44.6 ± 16 years. Males were predominantly affected (77.2%). Occupational risk was reported by nearly half of the patients (46%), whereas a history of exposure to contaminated water was present among more than half of them (52%). Less than one-third of the total cases (28%) were confirmed by laboratory diagnosis. Hepatorenal syndrome (55.7%), Myocarditis (50%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (30%) were the major causes of death.

Conclusion:
An increase in leptospirosis cases was reported post-flood in our institution. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Preventive measures should be strengthened and proper sanitation, health education, and intersectoral collaboration are essential to keep the disease under control.
Trends and profile of SARS-CoV-2 infection following COVID vaccination among health-care workers
Authors: John Susan , Hari Harsha , Orathel Sunny P , Nair Shiv K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:

Introduction:
Health-care workers (HCWs) across the country were administered Covishield (COVID vaccination) in a phased manner. This study aimed to explore the trends in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection postvaccination among HCWs, with a view of the demographic and clinical features among a subset of those affected.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary care center among HCWs who were affected following vaccination during the period April 2021–October 2022. A Google Form was sent out to assess the disease profile and transmission dynamics of which a subset was returned.

Results:
A total of 1657 HCWs tested positive for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) during the period April 2021–October 2022. Of these, 77.42% were females and 92.67% were completely vaccinated. Nurses were the majority (46.30%) and the least-doctors (6.63%). The most common symptom presentation was cough (76.90%) and fever (73.50%), whereas anosmia, ageusia, and breathing difficulty were minimal. The mean duration between second dose and turning positive was between 165.54 ± 121.98 days. Among HCWs who turned positive, only 7.10% required hospital admission and only one person needed intensive care unit admission. Among those who reported positive, 54.60% mentioned that their close contacts subsequently turned positive. Of these, workplace and household contacts were 49.2% and 46.2%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The predominant symptoms in COVID-19 infection postvaccination are fever, cough, and myalgia. However, the severity of the infection was decreased, requiring mostly home isolation. Transmission of infection was mainly to household and workplace close contacts.
Occupational hazards under a warmer planet: A cross-sectional study on occupational dermatitis, musculoskeletal disorders, and heat strain score index among construction workers at Kottayam, Kerala
Authors: James Nimmi T , M V Sruthi , C R Saju , M P Jini 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
Global climate change has a major impact on occupational health. Construction workers are the most vulnerable group to work under a warmer planet. Potential health consequences to them include occupational skin diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory problems, cancers, mental health disorders, and infectious diseases. The incidence of occupational dermatitis and work-related musculoskeletal diseases is at its peak. This study aimed to bring out the burden of the above-mentioned occupational diseases among construction workers at Kottayam and also to calculate their heat strain score index as they are the most vulnerable group to work under a warmer planet.

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of work related occupational dermatitis and musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers and also to calculate their heat strain score index.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 82 (n = 82) construction workers in Kottayam, Kerala. Purposive sampling was done. Validated, standard questionnaires were used to collect data by interview method, followed by clinical examination. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 23.

Results:
Eighty-two construction workers participated in the present study. A total of 62% were migrants, and 38% were Keralites. Among 82 workers, nine (11%) of them reported having hand eczema and eight of them (9.8%) reported having wrist eczema. Neck pain (18.3%) and low back ache (18.3%) were the most common musculoskeletal symptoms. Heat strain score index of the workers was calculated. A total of 69.5% were in the green zone, 28% were in the yellow zone, and 2.5% were in the red zone.

Conclusion:
Construction workers are highly exposed to the risk of getting work-related occupational dermatitis and musculoskeletal disorders. The most common occupational skin complaint among these construction workers was itchy rash (12.2%). The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 51.2%. Neck pain and low backache were the most common musculoskeletal symptoms. On the calculation of heat strain score index, these workers were found to have a higher heat strain score index. A total of 28% in the yellow/alarm zone and 2.5% in the red/danger zone. Statistically significant association was established between the intensity of physical work (P = 0.0001) and the intensity of thirst (P = 0.001) with the total heat strain score.
Experimental Evaluation of Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Punarnavadi Guggulu and Panchavalkaladi Taila
Authors: Pandya Matangee , Donga Shilpa , Nariya Mukesh B. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Inflammation is a dynamic sequence as a protective response against various etiological agents either infectious or noninfectious by the body. Control of inflammation is necessary when inflammation becomes severe. Many herbs work as anti-inflammatory in ayurveda classics. Punarnavadi Guggulu and Panchavalkaladi Taila is said to be efferive in reducing inflammation. Present experimental traial was conducted to revalidate this claim. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesics activity of Punarnavadi Guggulu and Panchavalkaladi Taila in experimental animals.

Materials and Methods:
In this trail, Wistar strain albino rats (weighing 200 ± 20 g) of either sex and pharmacologically validates model for analgesic and anti-inflammatory was used to evaluate activity. Punarnavadi Guggulu (270 mg/kg body weight) and Panchavalkaldi Taila (q.s.) locally were administered in the experimental group.

Results:

Punarnavadi Guggulu with Panchavalkaladi Taila was found significantly inhibited the inflammation on carrageenan-induced paw edema (P < 0.001) at 1, 3, and 5 h. In analgesic activity, Punarnavadi Guggulu with Panchavalkaladi Taila was not significantly inhibit the early and late phases of pain.

Conclusion:
The results revealed that Punarnavadi Guggulu with Panchavalkaladi Taila has anti-inflammatory activity but insignificant analgesic activity. Hence, Punarnavadi Guggulu with Panchavalkaladi Taila can be effective in reducing inflammatory conditions.
Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Findings in the Differential Diagnosis of Central Precocious Puberty and Premature Thelarche
Authors: Beştaş Aslı , Unal Edip , Aktar Karakaya Amine , Demiral Meliha , Haspolat Yusuf K. 
Published: June 2023

Aim:
In this study, it was aimed to examine the clinical and laboratory findings that can be used to predict central precocious puberty (CPP) in cases whose breast development started before the age of 8.

Materials and Methods:
The chronological age, anthropometric measurements, bone age (BA), hormone test results and pelvic ultrasonography findings of the cases were recorded. Those with a peak luteinizing hormone (LH) level of ≥5 IU/L in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test were classified as CPP and those with a peak LH level of <5 IU/L were classified as prepubertal cases. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory variables.

Findings:
A total of 297 female cases were included in the study. The age at the time of admission, height-standard deviation score (SDS), BA, the long axis of the uterus and the volumes of the right and left ovaries of the cases diagnosed with CPP were found to be significantly higher than those of the prepubertal group. The cut-off value providing the best sensitivity (99%) and specificity (99%) for the peak LH was found to be 4.55; the cut-off value providing the best sensitivity (94%) and specificity (85%) for the peak LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio was found to be 0.32 and the cut-off value providing the best sensitivity (47%) and specificity (93%) for the basal LH was found to be 0.13.

Conclusion:
We believe that in female cases with early breast development, a peak LH level of ≥4.55 may possibly indicate CPP and a basal LH level of <0.13 can significantly rule out CPP.