bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PatchNR: learning from very few images by patch normalizing flow regularization
Authors: Altekrüger Fabian , Denker Alexander , Hagemann Paul , Hertrich Johannes , Maass Peter , Steidl Gabriele 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Learning neural networks using only few available information is an important ongoing research topic with tremendous potential for applications. In this paper, we introduce a powerful regularizer for the variational modeling of inverse problems in imaging. Our regularizer, called patch normalizing flow regularizer (patchNR), involves a normalizing flow learned on small patches of very few images. In particular, the training is independent of the considered inverse problem such that the same regularizer can be applied for different forward operators acting on the same class of images. By investigating the distribution of patches versus those of the whole image class, we prove that our model is indeed a maximum a posteriori approach. Numerical examples for low-dose and limited-angle computed tomography (CT) as well as superresolution of material images demonstrate that our method provides very high quality results. The training set consists of just six images for CT and one image for superresolution. Finally, we combine our patchNR with ideas from internal learning for performing superresolution of natural images directly from the low-resolution observation without knowledge of any high-resolution image.
Maximum a posteriori estimators in
ℓp
are well-defined for diagonal Gaussian priors
Authors: Klebanov Ilja , Wacker Philipp 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We prove that maximum a posteriori estimators are well-defined for diagonal Gaussian priors µ on

ℓ
p

under common assumptions on the potential Φ. Further, we show connections to the Onsager–Machlup functional and provide a corrected and strongly simplified proof in the Hilbert space case p = 2, previously established by Dashti et al (2013 Inverse Problems
29 095017); Kretschmann (2019 PhD Thesis). These corrections do not generalize to the setting

1
⩽
p
<
∞

, which requires a novel convexification result for the difference between the Cameron–Martin norm and the p-norm.
Relationship between changes in interface characteristics and external voltage under compressing force in metal–graphene–metal stacks
Authors: Daugalas Tomas , Bukauskas Virginijus , Lukša Algimantas , Nargelienė Viktorija , Šetkus Arūnas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Metal–graphene–metal (M–G–M) stacks have provided new specific methods for the integration of two-dimensional (2D) materials into three-dimensional (3D) electronic devices, such as transistors, supercapacitors, memristors and others. Intentional control of the local electronic properties in the stacks is the primary problem to be solved when developing hybrid structures with 2D and 3D elements. In order to do this, the physical mechanisms and processes that define the properties of the stacks must be thoroughly understood. This report introduces an approach based on the force curve analysis in terms of the interface characteristics in the M–G–M stack. In the study, the stack was produced by pressing the platinum probe of a scanning probe microscope into the surface of a gold-supported graphene monolayer, and the force curve was measured under applied direct current voltage. Based on the model of the van der Waals contact, the equilibrium interface distances and the built-in potential were obtained from the experimental results. The equilibrium state was proved to be weakly dependent on the applied voltage below a threshold level. Above this level, irreversible changes and the effect of the history of the tests were detected. The proposed method is acceptable to quantitatively describe the most essential characteristics in a local area of the M–G–M stack, essential for the construction of nano-scaled electronic devices.
Magnetic-field induced melting of long-range magnetic order akin to Kitaev insulators in the metallic compound Tb5Si3
Authors: Rayaprol S , Iyer K K , Hoser A , Reehuis M , Morozkin A V , Siruguri V , Maiti K , Sampathkumaran E V 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There have been constant efforts to find ‘exotic’ quantum spin-liquid (QSL) materials. Some of the transition metal insulators dominated by the direction-dependent anisotropic exchange interaction (‘Kitaev model’ for honeycomb network of magnetic ions) are considered to be promising cases for the same. In such Kitaev insulators, QSL is achieved from the zero-field antiferromagnetic state by the application of magnetic-field, suppressing other exchange interactions responsible for magnetic order. Here, we show that the features attributable to long-range magnetic ordering of the intermetallic compound, Tb5Si3, (T
N = 69 K), containing honey-comb network of Tb ions, are completely suppressed by a critical applied field, H
cr, in heat-capacity and magnetization data, mimicking the behavior of Kitaev physics candidates. The neutron diffraction patterns as a function of H reveal that it is an incommensurate magnetic structure that gets suppressed, showing peaks arising from multiple wave vectors beyond H
cr. Increasing magnetic entropy as a function of H with a peak in the magnetically ordered state is in support of some kind of magnetic disorder in a narrow field range after H
cr. Such a high-field behavior for a metallic heavy rare-earth system to our knowledge has not been reported in the past and therefore is intriguing.
Quantification of dermis sodium concentration in skin layers by power spectral density drop of square-wave electrical impedance spectroscopy (PSDd-sEIS)
Authors: Rifai Isnan Nur , Baidillah Marlin Ramadhan , Wicaksono Ridwan , Akita Shinsuke , Takei Masahiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Assessing dermis sodium concentration in skin is essential since an excessive amount of sodium is associated with vascular function disorders. In this research, dermis sodium concentration

c

has been quantified by the power spectral density drop

Δ

P

of square-wave electrical impedance spectroscopy (PSDd-sEIS). PSDd-sEIS is composed of three stages: (1) dermis voltage measurement, (2) PSDd calculation, and (3) dermis sodium quantification. In the 1st stage, three electrodes are arranged to measure voltage

v

under the constant current

I

of square-wave. In the 2nd stage,

Δ

P

is evaluated by the first and third harmonic frequency from

v

. In the 3rd stage,

c

is quantified by the developed linear regression. To obtain the highest sensitivity between c and

Δ

P
,

four measurement factors (square-wave frequency

f

sw

,

duty-cycle

γ

, electrode distance d, and electrode diameter ø) were optimized using numerical simulations of a skin model. Experiments on multi-layered skin under various c in the range of 5 nM–50 mM were conducted by PSDd-sEIS hardware with optimized measurement factors of

f

sw

∗

=
100

kHz

,

γ
∗

=
50

%

,

d
∗

=
2

mm

, and

ϕ
∗

=
0.8

mm

. As the results, the quantification of c has a good accuracy with the normalized sensitivity

⟨
S
⟩

=0.87 and determination coefficient R2
= 0.92. The measurement factors of

f

sw

and

γ

affect the power of square-wave excitation to pass through the high resistivity barrier of the stratum corneum, while the measurement factors of d and ø affect the stability of current flow in the dermis.
Online evaluation of resistance spot welding quality and defect classification
Authors: Yang Weile , P Gao Perry , Gao Xiangdong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is widely used in industrial product manufacturing, and weld quality is critical to ensure the safety and reliability of mechanical structures. With product quality improvement, the online monitoring of weld quality has become an urgent issue. Therefore, a method for online evaluation of RSW quality and automatic classification of welding defects based on mild steel is proposed. By acquiring the welding current and electrode voltage signals of the welding process in real time, a finite impulse response low-pass filter based on the Blackman window function is designed to perform zero-phase filtering of the dynamic resistance (DR). The influence of three welding parameters on the nugget diameter and shear strength of spot welding of DC01 mild steel was studied through the control variable method to determine the optimum welding parameters. Since the main defects of the RSW process are classified as expulsion defects and incomplete fusion defects, minor adjustments were made to the welding parameters to produce expulsion and incomplete fusion defects. Features in the time domain are extracted from the DR curves signals of normal, expulsion, and incomplete fusion welding spots, and the performance of the extracted features in the classifier is analyzed. Improvements are made to classify normal and expulsion spots with low accuracy, a new method is proposed that can accurately classify the quality of the welding spots. Through online evaluation tests of quality on 200 welding spots, the online evaluation test showed results that closely matched the validation test results. The results of the classification performance tests show that this study can be used for online evaluation of RSW quality and automatic classification of the welding spot defects of the DC01.
Tuning crystal orientation and chiral spin order in Mn3Ge by annealing process and ion implantation
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Cui Shuainan , Yang Meiyin , Zhao Lei , Tan Bi , Liu Tao , Wang Guangcheng , Deng Jinxiang , Luo Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe non-collinear antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3X (X = Ga, Ge, Sn) system has attracted a lot of attentions owing to its robust anomalous Hall effect (AHE), large spin Hall angle and small net magnetization at room temperature. The high spin-charge interconversion efficiency makes it a super candidate in topological antiferromagnetic spintronic devices, which could facilitate ultra-fast operation of high-density devices with low energy consumption. In this work, we have realized to obtain different chiral spin structures in Heusler alloy Mn3Ge thin films, which originate from different crystalline orientations. The high-quality (0002)- and (202¯0)-oriented single phase hexagonal Mn3Ge films are achieved by controllable growth, annealing process and ion implantation. The various magnetic properties and AHE behaviors are observed alongaandccrystal axes, equivalent to magnetic field in and out of the inverse triangular spin plane. The observation demonstrates the manipulation of crystal structure accompanied with chiral spin order in a non-collinear antiferromagnetic Mn3Ge film, which is induced by energy conversion and defect introduction. Thein situthermal treatment induces crystal phase rotation up to 90° and robust AHE modulation, which is significantly important and highly desirable for flexible spin memory device applications.
Feasibility of teaching experimental physics during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Franco Margareth K K D , Serbena José Pedro Mansueto , Mattoso Filho Ney Pereira , Wiener Denis de Oliveira , Yokaichiya Fabiano , Fujimoto Milton Massumi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic surprised the world, affecting activities that promote attendance, including abruptly impacting the education area. Educational institutions, from preschool to university, were required to adopt alternative teaching methods to continue their activities. Distance learning has been adopted by educators to address this unprecedented challenge. Our University, more specifically the Department of Physics, reacted to the problem in an ambitious and creative way, taking advantage of it as an opportunity to put into practice methodologies related to the teaching of disciplines that were only practiced in person, such as the discipline of Experimental Physics. This study aims to describe the implementation of the discipline of Experimental Physics I at our University, promoted remotely by professors of the Department of Physics. We verified: (i) that the choice of the best technologies as a tool for teaching is fundamental for the better dissemination of knowledge, (ii) that inclusive programs for each course are very important, (iii) the importance of prior presentation of a schedule, (iv) the importance of defining clear assessment rules for students on remote teaching. We also evaluated the number of accesses as a measure of student participation and analysed the statistics of the discipline in several engineering courses.
Numerical tools for burning plasmas
Authors: Mishchenko A , Biancalani A , Borchardt M , Bottino A , Briguglio S , Dumont R , Ferreira J , Graves J P , Hayward-Schneider T , Kleiber R , Könies A , Lanti E , Lauber Ph , Leyh H , Lu Z X , Lütjens H , McMillan B , Campos Pinto M , Poli E , Rettino B , Rofman B , Sama J N , Slaby C , Vannini F , Villard L , Vlad G , Wang X , Widmer F , Zonca F 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe software stack under development within a European coordinated effort on tools for burning plasma modelling is presented. The project is organised as a Task (TSVV Task 10) under the new E-TASC initiative (Litaudonet al2022Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion64034005). This is a continued effort within the EUROfusion inheriting from the earlier European coordination projects as well as research projects based at various European laboratories. The ongoing work of the TSVV Tasks is supported by the Advanced Computing Hubs. Major projects requiring the high performance computing (HPC) resources are global gyrokinetic codes and global hybrid particle-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) codes. Also applications using the integrated modelling tools, such as the Energetic-Particle Workflow, based on the ITER Integrated Modelling & Analysis Suite (IMAS), or the code package for modelling radio-frequency heating and fast-ion generation may require intensive computation and a substantial memory footprint. The continual development of these codes both on the physics side and on the HPC side allows us to tackle frontier problems, such as the interaction of turbulence with MHD-type modes in the presence of fast particles. One of the important mandated outcomes of the E-TASC project is the IMAS-enabling of EUROfusion codes and release of the software stack to the EUROfusion community.
CO2 conversion in a microwave plasma torch: 2D vs 1D approaches
Authors: Babaeva N Yu , Naidis G V , Tereshonok D V , Chernyshev T V , Volkov L S , Vasiliev M M , Petrov O F 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the present study, we computationally investigate the splitting of CO2 to carbon monoxide and oxygen in an atmospheric pressure microwave (MW) plasma torch. We demonstrate different stages of CO2 conversion while using 2D and 1D models. For both models, we use identical sets of chemical reactions, cross sections, power profiles and dimensions of the plasma region. Based on the real MW plasma torch device, we first constructed two-dimensional geometry and obtained results using the 2D model. Then, the 1D plug-flow model was employed. With 1D model we expected to obtain the results close to those we already had from the 2D approach. However, we revealed that the gas temperature and plasma species behaviour in 1D model was quite different from those obtained with the 2D code. We revisited the 2D results and found that the reverse (upstream) gas flow near the central electrode was responsible for the observed discrepancies. In 2D model, the residence time of a certain portion of gas was much longer. When the flow rate in 1D model was adjusted, the reasonable agreement between both models was achieved.
Probing a Bose metal via electrons: inescapable non-Fermi liquid scattering and pseudogap physics
Authors: Yue(岳辛磊) Xinlei , Hegg Anthony , Li(李翔) Xiang , Ku(顧威) Wei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Non-Fermi liquid behavior and pseudogap formation are among the most well-known examples of exotic spectral features observed in several strongly correlated materials such as the hole-doped cuprates, nickelates, iridates, ruthenates, ferropnictides, doped Mott organics, transition metal dichalcogenides, heavy fermions, d- and f-electron metals, etc. We demonstrate that these features are inevitable consequences when fermions couple to an unconventional Bose metal (Hegg et al 2021 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
118) mean field consisting of lower-dimensional coherence. Not only do we find both exotic phenomena, but also a host of other features that have been observed e.g. in the cuprates including nodal anti-nodal dichotomy and pseudogap asymmetry (symmetry) in momentum (real) space. Obtaining these exotic and heretofore mysterious phenomena via a mean field offers a simple, universal, and therefore widely applicable explanation for their ubiquitous empirical appearance.
Proposal of rectennas as an auxiliary device for the electrical power subsystem of a 1U CubeSat
Authors: Medina Sánchez I , Flores A , Lozano E E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Current electrical power subsystem (EPS) devices operate solely on solar panels and batteries, depending on them to provide at least 5 watts of power for a 1U CubeSat, this research proposes an auxiliary method to increase the CubeSat power or lessen the battery sizes by providing a different energy source via a rectenna. These devices are capable of delivering an output voltage by harnessing electromagnetic waves in its surroundings, there are different types of circuits and this paper compiles the best candidates to operate in a 1U CubeSat. Nanosatellites are strongly restricted by their weight and energy usage, thus by using an auxiliary device for the EPS that could potentially reduce the size of said subsystem, the results are an even more efficient CubeSat in terms of energy and space distribution.
Integrating spaceborne estimates of structural diversity of habitat into wildlife occupancy models
Authors: Killion Alexander K , Honda Arata , Trout Edward , Carter Neil H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Vegetation structure is a crucial dimension of wildlife habitat, responsive to global changes in human activities and ecosystem processes. NASA’s recent Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) provides an exciting opportunity to explore how spaceborne waveform observations can improve our ability to measure wildlife habitat and advance animal ecology in the Anthropocene. We tested the utility of GEDI data in univariate occupancy models to estimate habitat use in a remote mountain system in central Idaho, USA. We collected data from 49 camera trap stations from two surveys in 2018–2019 and modeled the occupancy for each of seven mammal species representing different trophic levels and feeding strategies: American black bear (Ursus americanus), deer (Odocoileus hemionus), elk (Cervus canadensis), moose (Alces alces), coyote (Canis latrans), wolf (Canis lupus), and mountain lion (Puma concolor). We first derived structural diversity indices (richness, evenness, and divergence) of GEDI-derived canopy height, plant area index, and foliage height diversity to represent different dimensions of vegetation structure. This spatial aggregation is necessary due to gaps in GEDI footprints and parallels commonly used functional diversity metrics applied to biological communities that are calculated using trait probability densities. We measured these indices across three spatial scales that reflect different species movement and habitat selection patterns. We found the structural diversity indices of canopy height, foliage height diversity, and plant area index had the strongest effects on the occupancy of most mammals compared to two-dimensional (2D) variables (e.g. tree cover, normalized difference vegetation index). The spatial extent of these indices also influenced the strength of response, highlighting the importance of selecting a scale large enough to capture sufficient GEDI footprints but small enough to reflect site-level variance. Compared to 2D covariates, our results suggest that GEDI variables allow researchers to generate more detailed inference on the forms of habitat that wildlife use. We discuss the implications of these findings for habitat management and future wildlife research from local to global scales.
Quantum radial basis function method for the Poisson equation
Authors: Cui Lingxia , Wu Zongmin , Xiang Hua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The radial basis function (RBF) method is widely used for the numerical solution of the Poisson problem in high dimension, where the approximate solution can be found by solving a large system of linear equations. We demonstrate that the RBF method can be accelerated on a quantum computer by using an efficient quantum algorithm for linear equations. We compare the theoretical performance of our quantum algorithm with that of a standard classical algorithm, and find that the quantum algorithm can achieve a polynomial speedup.
The Success Factors of Green Construction Management Implementation on Building Projects
Authors: Wijayaningtyas Maranatha , Hutama Renaldy Priya , Winanda Lila Ayu Ratna , Meliala Jericho Goldwind Sembiring 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The importance of implementing green construction has been introduced and campaigned in Indonesia. However, in reality, implementing green construction in Indonesia is still not optimal and has not gone as desired due to several factors. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors that affect success in applying green construction. The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors affect the success of the implementation of green construction management. The analysis results of factors that affect the success of the implementation of green construction management are used to determine the dominant success factor in building projects in Malang City. Method data collection in this study is by distributing questionnaires filled out by experts in the Field of Construction Management, Academics, and PUPR Offices in Malang City. Furthermore, the data obtained will be processed using the Simple Additive Weighting method. The results showed that alternative machines and advanced equipment achieved the first rank with a total value of 0,256. The second rank is achieved by material alternatives and implementation methods in green construction with a total value of 0,231. Finally, the third rank is achieved by alternative awareness in green construction with a total value of 0,217. Therefore, the most prevalent factors in applying green construction management are the presence of sophisticated machinery and equipment, the use of materials and methods of implementation, as well as the awareness of contractors to implement green construction. Therefore, these three success factors can be considered when implementing green construction projects in Malang City.
Corporate social and environmental responsibility of companies in the natural resources business industry: An Indonesian juridical perspective
Authors: Murjiyanto R , Andani D , Wibawanti E S , lka S R , Fransisca S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the problems regarding the social and environmental responsibility (CSR) of natural resource companies, as clearly regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. The law requires every company to conduct CSR. However, the obligation needs to be followed by a clear arrangement of sanctions given to companies that do not carry out their CSR obligations. Therefore, this study will analyze the urgency of CSR for companies in the field of natural resources and the sanctions that should be imposed on companies that do not carry out mandatory CSR. This research was conducted using a normative method by reviewing regulations per related laws or other documents related to the company’s social and environmental obligations. The results of this present study may provide recommendations to the regulatory bodies in Indonesia that it is necessary to have clear arrangements regarding the imposition of sanctions for companies that do not carry out their CSR.