bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Universal Molten Salt Method for Direct Upcycling of Spent Ni‐rich Cathode towards Single‐crystalline Li‐rich Cathode
Authors: Qin Zuoyu , Zhang Ying , Luo Wuqing , Zhang Tao , Wang Tao , Ni Lianshan , Wang Haoji , Zhang Ning , Liu Xiaohe , Zhou Jiang , Chen Gen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith ever‐increasing pursuit for high‐value output in recycling spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), traditional recycling methods of cathodes tend to be obsolete because of the complicated procedures. Herein, we first upcycle spent polycrystal LiNi0.88Co0.095Al0.025O2 (S‐NCA) to high value‐added single‐crystalline and Li‐rich cathode materials through a simple but feasible LiOH‐Na2SO4 eutectic molten salt strategy. The in situ X‐ray diffraction technique and a series of paratactic experiments record the evolution process of upcycling and prove that excessive Li occupies the transition metal (TM) layers. Beneficial from the single‐crystalline and Li‐rich nature, the regenerated NCA (R‐NCA) exhibits remarkably enhanced electrochemical performances in terms of long‐term cyclability, high‐rate performance and low polarization. This approach can also be successfully extended to other cathode materials e.g., LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) and mixed spent NCAs with varied degree of Li loss.
Light‐Responsive Elastin‐Like Peptide‐Based Targeted Nanoparticles for Enhanced Spheroid Penetration
Authors: Le Duc H. T. , Ibrahimova Vusala , van den Wildenberg Sebastian A. H. , Wu Hanglong , Fonseca Alba , Torres Tomas , Garanger Elisabeth , Leenders William P. J. , Brock Roland , Lecommandoux Sébastien , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe describe here a near infrared light‐responsive elastin‐like peptide (ELP)‐based targeted nanoparticle (NP) that can rapidly switch its size from 120 to 25 nm upon photo‐irradiation. Interestingly, the targeting function, which is crucial for effective cargo delivery, is preserved after transformation. The NPs are assembled from (targeted) diblock ELP micelles encapsulating photosensitizer TT1‐monoblock ELP conjugates. Methionine residues in this monoblock are photo‐oxidized by singlet oxygen generated from TT1, turning the ELPs hydrophilic and thus trigger NP dissociation. Phenylalanine residues from the diblocks then interact with TT1 via π‐π stacking, inducing the re‐formation of smaller NPs. Due to their small size and targeting function, the NPs penetrate deeper in spheroids and kill cancer cells more efficiently compared to the larger ones. This work could contribute to the design of “smart” nanomedicines with deeper penetration capacity for effective anticancer therapies.
Quantifying the Contribution of Hot Electrons in Photothermal Catalysis: A Case Study of Ammonia Synthesis over Carbon‐supported Ru Catalyst
Authors: Bian Xuanang , Zhao Yunxuan , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Miao Yingxuan , Zhou Chao , Wu Li‐Zhu , Zhang Tierui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotothermal catalysis is one of the most promising green catalytic technologies, while distinguishing the effects of hot electrons and local heating remains challenging. Herein, we reported that the actual reaction temperature of photothermal ammonia synthesis over carbon‐supported Ru catalyst can be measured based on Le Chatelier′s principle, enabling the hot‐electron contribution to be quantified. By excluding local heating effects, we established that the activation energy via photothermal catalysis was much lower than that of thermocatalysis (54.9 vs. 126.0 kJ mol−1), stemming from hot‐electron injection lowering the energy barriers for both N2 dissociation and intermediates hydrogenation. Furthermore, hot‐electron injection acted to suppress carbon support methanation, giving the catalyst outstanding operational stability over 1000 h. This work provides new insights into the hot‐electron effects in ammonia synthesis, guiding the design of high‐performance photothermal catalysts.
Bioinspired Single‐Atom Sites Enable Efficient Oxygen Activation for Switching Anodic/Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Xu Weiqing , Wu Yu , Wang Xiaosi , Qin Ying , Wang Hengjia , Luo Zhen , Wen Jing , Hu Liuyong , Gu Wenling , Zhu Chengzhou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExploring advanced co‐reaction accelerators with superior oxygen reduction activity that generate rich reactive oxygen species (ROS) has attracted great attention in boosting luminol‐O2 electrochemiluminescence (ECL). However, tuning accelerators for efficient and selective catalytic O2 activation to switch anodic/cathodic ECL is very challenging. Herein, we report that enzyme‐inspired Fe‐based single‐atom catalysts with axial N/C coordination structures (FeN5, FeN4© SACs) can generate specific ROS for cathodic/anodic ECL conversion. Mechanistic studies reveal that FeN5 sites prefer to produce highly active hydroxyl radicals and afford direct cathodic luminescence by promoting the cleavage of O−O bonds through N‐induced electron redistribution. In contrast, FeN4© sites tend to produce superoxide radicals, resulting in inefficient anodic ECL. Benefiting from the enhanced cathodic ECL, FeN5 SAC‐based immunosensor was constructed for the sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers.
Engineering the Substrate Specificity of a P450 Dimerase Enables the Collective Biosynthesis of Heterodimeric Tryptophan‐Containing Diketopiperazines
Authors: Sun Chenghai , Ma Bao‐Di , Li Guangjun , Tian Wenya , Yang Lu , Peng Haidong , Lin Zhi , Deng Zixin , Kong Xu‐Dong , Qu Xudong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeterodimeric tryptophan‐containing diketopiperazines (HTDKPs) are an important class of bioactive secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis offers a practical opportunity to access their bioactive structural diversity, however, it is restricted by the limited substrate scopes of the HTDKPs‐forming P450 dimerases. Herein, by genome mining and investigation of the sequence‐product relationships, we unveiled three important residues (F387, F388 and E73) in these P450s that are pivotal for selecting different diketopiperazine (DKP) substrates in the upper binding pocket. Engineering these residues in NasF5053 significantly expanded its substrate specificity and enabled the collective biosynthesis, including 12 self‐dimerized and at least 81 cross‐dimerized HTDKPs. Structural and molecular dynamics analysis of F387G and E73S revealed that they control the substrate specificity via reducing steric hindrance and regulating substrate tunnels, respectively.
Idiom conjugation and trauma: Fear of breakdown in Francis Ford Coppola's the Conversation and Apocalypse Now
Authors: Marra Frank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper explores connections between Francis Ford Coppola's biography and recurrent themes in the choice and assemblage of The Conversation and Apocalypse Now. Framed broadly by the psychobiography tradition, the paper deploys key concepts from the independent school (Bollas, Winnicott and Phillips), coupled with textual analysis so as to expand the meaning‐making opportunities available to the two films and Coppola's psychobiography. With such partnering, the paper explores Coppola's autobiographical renderings as a projective feature in the assemblage and production of the films, with dedicated attention to evolving under‐standings of agony and horror as a unified affective state.
Small Molecular Fluorescent Probes: Application Progress of Specific Bacteria Detection and Antibacterial Phototherapy
Authors: Kong Yangzhi , Jiang Qunying , Zhang Fan , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBacterial infection is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is easy to cause large‐scale diseases. It is an urgent need to develop effective methods for the specific detection and treatment of bacterial infections. Recently, small molecular fluorescent probes, bridging the capability of imaging detection and sterilization, have attracted increasing attention. Fluorescence imaging assays have the benefit of being simple, specific, and fast, which is very advantageous in both in vitro and in vivo bacterial detection. Molecularly fluorophores for theranostics provide advantages of non‐invasion, high specificity, and fewer side effects. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and design strategies of small molecular fluorescent probes for both targeted detection and treatment of bacteria. We hope that this review will provide guidance for the development of more effective fluorescent dyes in the future as well as encourage preclinical and clinical studies of phototherapy‐mediated antimicrobial therapy.
Chemical and Biological Strategies for Profiling Protein‐Protein Interactions in Living Cells
Authors: Wang You‐Yu , Li Wenyi , Ye Bang‐Ce , Bi Xiao‐Bao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProtein‐protein interactions (PPIs) play critical roles in almost all cellular signal transduction events. Characterization of PPIs without interfering with the functions of intact cells is very important for basic biology study and drug developments. However, the ability to profile PPIs especially those weak/transient interactions in their native states remains quite challenging. To this end, many endeavors are being made in developing new methods with high efficiency and strong operability. By coupling with advanced fluorescent microscopy and mass spectroscopy techniques, these strategies not only allow us to visualize the subcellular locations and monitor the functions of protein of interest (POI) in real time, but also enable the profiling and identification of potential unknown interacting partners in high‐throughput manner, which greatly facilitates the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying numerous pathophysiological processes. In this review, we will summarize the typical methods for PPIs identification in living cells and their principles, advantages and limitations will also be discussed in detail.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Tertiary Cyclopropyl Carbagermatranes with Acyl Chlorides
Authors: Yang Shuo , Chen Guang , Xu Qing‐Hao , Xiao Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of cyclopropane compounds via cross‐coupling reaction between tertiary cyclopropyl carbagermatranes and acyl chlorides was reported. Derivatives of acryloyl chloride and aliphatic acyl chloride also performed to be suitable substrates. This process can be used to introduce a wide range of functionalized cyclopropane groups and acyl groups directly.
Distributed event‐triggered generalized Nash equilibrium seeking in multi‐coalition noncooperative games with coupling constraints
Authors: Li Yamei , Zhu Yanan , Li Tao , Zheng Bochao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a multi‐coalition noncooperative game with coupling equality constraints. Each coalition is a player consisted of multiple agents in noncooperative games and desire to minimize its own objective function based on local information. Each agent as actual decision maker in the same coalition is to optimize the objective function of the coalition cooperately. To seek a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) of the multi‐coalition game, a distributed continuous‐time algorithm is developed. Moreover, to further reduce the communication among agents and coalitions, an event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is introduced for the multi‐coalition game. By using ETM, a novel distributed GNE seeking algorithm is proposed, where agents and coalitions are allowed to exchange estimation information with neighbors only when the triggering condition is satisfied. Remarkably, the proposed event‐triggered scheme introduces internal variables to regulate its threshold dynamically, which excludes Zeno behavior. By Lyapunov analysis, it is proved that the coalitions' decision variables converge to a GNE in both algorithms. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated by numerical simulations.
Regulation of HSF1 transcriptional complexes under proteotoxic stress
Authors: Fujimoto Mitsuaki , Takii Ryosuke , Nakai Akira 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnvironmental, physiological, and pathological stimuli induce the misfolding of proteins, which results in the formation of aggregates and amyloid fibrils. To cope with proteotoxic stress, cells are equipped with adaptive mechanisms that are accompanied by changes in gene expression. The evolutionarily conserved mechanism called the heat shock response is characterized by the induction of a set of heat shock proteins (HSPs), and is mainly regulated by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in mammals. We herein introduce the mechanisms by which HSF1 tightly controls the transcription of HSP genes via the regulation of pre‐initiation complex recruitment in their promoters under proteotoxic stress. These mechanisms involve the stress‐induced regulation of HSF1‐transcription complex formation with a number of coactivators, changes in chromatin states, and the formation of phase‐separated condensates through post‐translational modifications.
Correlation between ankle‐brachial index and subtle cognitive decline
Authors: Guo Hui‐Feng , Wu Yi , Fu Guo‐Xiang , Li Jie , Zhu Jie‐Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubtle cognitive decline (SCD) is considered the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is of great clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of AD. The ankle‐brachial index (ABI) has been reported to be associated with cognitive impairment; however, there are few studies on the relationship between ABI and SCD.MethodsFrom August 2019 to April 2021, subjects were recruited to participate in a cognitive function test at the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital. Based on the test results, 217 patients with SCD were selected as the experimental group and 259 patients with normal cognitive function were selected as the control group. The data of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the ABI and cognitive decline was analyzed.ResultsThere were significant differences in age, sex, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, triglycerides, serum creatinine, and ABI (p < .05)between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, hypertension, diabetes, and ABI influenced cognitive decline(p < .05). After correcting for other factors, ABI was independently related to cognitive decline. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that a low ABI (<0.9) had a significant effect on memory and visual space of the cognitive domain (p < . 05).ConclusionsABI is significantly associated with SCD and may be a critical tool to predict early cognitive decline.
Tutorials in anatomy education of medical students during the COVID‐19 pandemic – An evaluation of its effectiveness
Authors: N. Boulos Atef 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnatomy has traditionally been taught through prosected specimens and the use of models and other techniques. During the COVID‐19 period, this was replaced by tutorials, where students came to college to continue taking practical sessions. The study comprised four components. The first component consisted of demographic data. The second component consisted of questions concerning students' satisfaction with the tutorials. The third component included questions for Year 2 medical students only because they had tried both the new and old systems. The fourth component included the results for the Year 2 medical students. The study included 102 medical students. The number of tutorials each week and the duration of each tutorial were considered successful, since 47 (46.1%) and 44 (43.1%) students approved, respectively. The students were comfortable with understanding the information from PowerPoint presentations; 41 (40.2%) agreed with this statement. Moreover, 44 students (43.1%) agreed about the ability to recall material after the tutorial and the interaction it allowed them with the doctors. Overall, all the questions proved that the tutorials were of great value to the students during the COVID‐19 period. Although COVID‐19 limited anatomy teaching, tutorials were seen as a light at the end of the tunnel pending the end of the COVID‐19 period.
Template‐ and Surfactant‐Free Room Temperature Synthesis of Pt/C and Pt−Rh/C Nanowires/Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Neto Edmundo S. Valério , Almeida Caio V. S. , Huang Haoliang , Russell Andrea E. , Eguiluz Katlin I. B. , Salazar‐Banda Giancarlo R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of Pt−Rh alloy nanowires (NWs) using straightforward methodologies remains a challenge. Here, carbon‐supported Pt and Pt−Rh nanowire catalysts were synthesised by chemical reduction at room temperature, without using surfactants or templates. The method of synthesis used yielded Pt/C NWs and a mixture of nanowires with some nanoparticles for the Pt−Rh/C catalysts (characterised using XRD, TEM, EDX, XPS, and XAS). The nanoparticles form due to differences in the surface energy and atomic radius between Pt and Rh. The binary NWs are found to be more active towards ethanol oxidation than the commercial Pt/C reference catalyst. Additionally, the Pt−Rh/C NW catalyst displays a specific activity 2.5‐fold higher than the Pt/C NWs and Pt/C reference catalysts after 15 min of chronoamperometric tests (at 0.5 VvsRHE). Thus, the synthesised carbon‐supported Pt NWs and Pt−Rh nanowires‐nanoparticles are promising alternatives for direct ethanol fuel cell anodes.
Droplet splitting in multi‐furcating microchannel: A three‐dimensional numerical simulation study
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Pattader Partho S. G. , Mandal Tapas K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work investigates the splitting of a droplet in a multi‐furcating microfluidic channel for a two‐phase system employing 3D simulation. The simulations were performed using an explicit volume of fluid (VOF) method and have been validated using experimental data taken from the literature. The width ratio of the branch channel to the main channel is set to 0.25 for five branches of the multi‐furcating microchannel, as it is the width ratio at which multiple splitting takes place. Simulations have been carried out at different oil velocities (Vo) ranging from 0.12 to 0.22 m/s and at different water velocities (Vw) ranging from 0.002 to 0.10 m/s. Oil fraction data in the main channel has been recorded and compared with the homogenous model. The average difference between the homogeneous model and the 3D simulations is 22.68%. Analysis of dimensionless droplet length in ±0°, ± 40°, and 90° branch channels has been done. α (length of the droplet in branch channel/width of the main channel) increases up to a flow rate ratio of 0.38, and then decreases, whereas β (length of the droplet in the main channel/width of the main channel) increases with an increase in flow rate ratio. A flow pattern map has been developed to identify the various droplet breakup regimes at the junction. Frequency (counts per unit time) of droplet generation increases with capillary number for all the branch channels except for the 0° branch channel, where the regime is that the droplet passes through three branch channels. The volume distribution ratio (λ) decreases at first, then increases with an increase in capillary number for 0°:90° and 40°:90° angle branch channels for the regime where the droplet passes through five branch channels. For the regime where the droplet passes through three branch channels, the trend is likely linear with λ = 0.3 ± 0.04. The dimensionless mother droplet length increases with an increase in capillary number for Vo = 0.13 and 0.16 m/s, but for Vo = 0.19 and 0.22 m/s, the dimensionless mother droplet length becomes constant after capillary number = 0.26 and 0.30 respectively. The droplet breakup time (t) for regime (a), where the droplet passes through three branch channels, is 0.002 s; for regime (b), where the droplet passes through five branch channels, it is 0.001 s; and for regime (c), where multi‐furcation and coalescence of the droplet occurs, it is 0.0005 s. Multiple splitting is a topic covered in this paper that can be applied to upcoming microfluidic platform‐based devices.
Critical Perspective on the Industry‐centred Engineering of Single‐Crystalline Ni‐rich Cathodes
Authors: Venkatachalam Praneash , Karra Chanakya , Duru Kamala Kumari , Maram Pardha Saradhi , Sambasivam Sangaraju , Liu Hua Kun , Kalluri Sujith 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEver growth in the energy demand has catapulted us to explore various energies. Henceforth, to meet these ends, among the different cathode active materials, nickel (Ni) rich polycrystalline (PC) cathode materials have been known to serve the purpose aptly. Yet, these PC Ni‐rich cathode materials have yielded inferior performances with an increase in voltage and temperature. The absence of grain boundaries in the intrinsic structure, high mechanical strength, high thermal stability, and controllable crystal faucet have made SC cathodes a better prospect. Yet, there are challenges to overcome in the SC cathodes, like larger crystals hindering the Li+ transport, which leads to disappointing electrochemical performance. Through this perspective article, we wish to elucidate the crucial factors that facilitate the growth of SC‐NCM cathode, viable dopants, and coating materials that could enhance the performance, future scope, and scalability of SC‐NCM at the Industrial level.
Functional Separator Decorated with Polydopamine and Halloysite Nanotubes to Boost Li+ Transfer in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Park Sang Jae , Thao Le Thi , Yoo Jeong Hyeon , Sim Yoon Bo , Lee Hami , Mun Junyoung , Kim Ki Jae 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCommercialization of lithium‐metal batteries is impeded by Li dendrites. Realizing a high Li+ transference number is an effective strategy to suppress the formation of Li dendrites by alleviating the Li+ concentration gradient at the Li metal surface. Accordingly, various materials that facilitate Li+ transfer have been investigated in separator engineering. Herein, we designed a functional separator incorporating halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as a functional material and polydopamine (PDA) as a polymeric binder. PDA plays a significant role in improving electrolyte affinity as it renders the overall backbone of PE hydrophilic. Moreover, the PDA/HNTs/PE separator shows a high Li+ transference number (0.603) owing to the interactions of HNTs: 1) the electrostatic attraction between the negatively‐charged silicon layer and Li+, and 2) dipole‐dipole interactions between HNTs and electrolyte solvent molecules, which reduce the degree of Li+ solvation. Consequently, dendrite‐free Li deposition was observed with the PDA/HNTs/PE separator, improving the electrochemical performance of Li/Li symmetric cells and Li/LiFePO4 full cells.
Photofabrication of Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructure Arrays
Authors: Homma Toru , Sawada Naoki , Ishida Takuya , Tatsuma Tetsu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChiral plasmonic nanostructures can be potentially applied to chiroptical materials and devices, as well as sensors for chiral molecules. When those are applied to metasurfaces or metamaterials, those would be appropriately oriented and aligned. We therefore prepared arrays of chiral plasmonic nanostructures on the basis of bottom‐up, self‐assembling methods. A triangular Au nanoplate array as an achiral precursor was prepared on a TiO2‐coated substrate by nanosphere lithography. The array was irradiated with right‐ or left‐circularly polarized light (CPL) in a solution containing Pb2+ for site‐selective deposition of PbO2 in a chiral geometry by plasmon‐induced charge separation. The well‐aligned Au−PbO2 nanostructure array thus obtained exhibits circular dichroism, and the handedness of the array can be inverted by changing the rotation direction of the irradiated CPL.