bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of human papillomavirus and Epstein–Barr virus with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract
Authors: Dhar Lity , Singh Sarika , Passey J. C. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) are fifth most common cancer in the world with around 10,55,000 new cases and 7,25,000 deaths worldwide. Tobacco and alcohol act synergistically and are the two most important etiological factors responsible for about 75% of SCC. Studies have reported changing trends in the incidence of SCC showing an increasing shift in epidemiology attributed to the infection by viruses. The most commonly implicated viruses are the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Aim and Objective:
To study association of Human Papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) with 100 newly diagnosed cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and correlate its association with clinical parameters, histomorphological grade and staging using immunohistochemical markers p16, LMP1, p53, p63.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in the department of Pathology, Maulana Azad medical college and associated hospitals, New Delhi from September 2018-April 2019. Specimens was routinely processed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done using p16, LMP1, p53, p63 monoclonal antibodies.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS 20 software. The quantitative analysis was done using Pearson chi-square test. Probability values < 0.05 was be considered statistically significant.

Results:
HPV was present in 29% cases while EBV in 38% cases. Oral cavity was the most common site involved by both HPV and EBV. Co-infectivity was found in 4% cases. There was significant male predominance in both. HPV was more prevalent in age >45 years while EBV was equally distributed in <45 years and >45 years. Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest grade involved by both the viruses. A significant correlation was found between EBV and alcohol. p53 positivity had an inverse relationship with HPV positivity. P63 expression was higher in HPV and EBV positive cases.

Conclusion:
In resource constraint settings, p16 and Latent membrane protein 1 can be used as surrogacy markers for Human Papilloma virus and Epstein Barr virus along with p53 and p63 for its association with histomorphological grade and stage.
Could maternal stress be a causal factor for nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Mahapure Kiran Sunil , Powar Rajesh S. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The etiology of the nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate is multifactorial and not clearly defined.

Objective:
To determine whether maternal stress could be a causal factor for the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective observational study in which data from 50 mothers of children born with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate and 50 mothers of noncleft children were analyzed. The outcomes defined were to study the association between the increased stress scores and the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test.

Results:
The association between the high maternal stress scores and the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate was not found to be significant (P = 0.3220). A significant association was noted between increased maternal age and increased stress levels in the cleft group (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
No significant association was found between the increased stress scores and the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate. However, mothers of cleft children whose age was 35 years and above at the time of conception were noted to have higher stress levels.
Evaluation of the correlation between interleukin 1β levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid as an adjunctive diagnostic marker with clinical and radiographic parameters for assessing the peri-implant health status
Authors: Khatri Manish , Bansal Mansi , Puri Komal , Mehrotra Sourabh , Kumar Ashish , Rehan Mohd 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the most important cytokines that seems to have an important role in the inflammatory process in gingival and peri-implant tissues. As peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) provides with a more swift and objective measure of the disease activity, the present study was conducted to evaluate IL-1β level in PICF as a biochemical marker and to investigate its correlation with clinical parameters and radiological parameters.

Materials and Methods:
After evaluating all the patients following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 patients were selected for the study. After 3–4 months of implants placement, the implants were exposed following standard surgical procedure. PICF sample from implant site was taken 3 days after suture removal with gingival former still in place followed by measurement of clinical and radiological parameters.

Results:
There was significant increase in IL-1β levels in both the follow-ups from baseline with variable and minimal change in the clinical parameters and radiological parameters as well, which shows that IL-1β levels change significantly even when there is a minimal gingival inflammation.

Conclusion:
Therefore, IL-1β level in PICF can be used as an adjunctive diagnostic marker to clinical and radiographic parameters for assessing the peri-implant health status.
Anti-fungal therapy
Authors: Datarkar Abhay , Bhawalkar Amit , Daware Surendra , Deshpande Archana , Walkey Damyanti 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
India is well known as the diabetes “capital” of the world but now it is also becoming the mucormycosis “capital” of the world. Indian Council of Medical Research has formed an “Evidence-Based Advisory in The Time of COVID-19 on Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Mucormycosis.” As per this advisory, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon forms an integral part of the team dedicated to fight this epidemic of mucormycosis. Also, there are other fungal infections such as aspergillosis which are getting reported in these patients affecting the paranasal sinuses and the jaws. Aggressive surgical debridement and a thorough knowledge of anti-fungal therapy are must in treating these fungal infections. The aim of this article is to give an overview on the available anti-fungal therapy required to manage the ever-increasing rise in fungal infections faced by maxillofacial surgeons in post-COVID-19 patients.
Evaluation of knowledge and attitude of dental students regarding COVID-19
Authors: Pandey Pragya , Johri Saumya 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Despite the life-threatening risk that corona virus disease (COVID-19) poses to dentists, their role in suppressing its transmission and the need to deliver dental care to the patients is inevitable. In this regard, it is essential to determine the awareness and knowledge among Indian dental students regarding COVID-19 and to assess their preparedness to handle the current situation.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 408 dental undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students from private and government dental teaching hospitals. A closed-ended online questionnaire containing crucial elements of COVID management during dental procedures was given to the participants assessing their knowledge and perception pertaining to COVID-19 regarding dental practice. Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were employed for statistical analysis. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The study consisted of 64.71% UG and 35.29% PG dental students, with a mean age of 25.75 ± 3.69 years and M: F ratio of 0.5:1. COVID-19 knowledge increased significantly with age (P = 0.0055) and educational level (P < 0.01). Awareness was also significantly greater in students from government institutions in comparison with private colleges (P < 0.001), with 91.67% of participants being aware of the transmission routes. However, familiarity with survival of virus in aerosols, considerations regarding the use of masks, and strategies for confirmed/suspected COVID-19 health-care workers to return to work after recovery were seen in only 35%, 53.9%, and 38.9% of the students, respectively.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 awareness among Indian dental students is significantly related to their education level. The lacunae in this knowledge need to be filled by adequate training by incorporating it as a part of their education.
Two sides of a coin
Authors: Khan Imran , Singhal Anshul , Raza Uqba , Premchandani Shubhangi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
This study aims to report two distinct cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) with contrasting presentations. The first case involved a 12-year-old female patient with the presence of AOT in the posterior mandible extending into the mandibular ramus up till the coronoid process which is a rare reported site for AOT and the second case is of a 19-year-old male patient with the tumor in the anterior maxilla with an impacted central incisor. Both cases were successfully managed via surgical enucleation and are under regular follow-ups without any complication. The contrasting nature of the two clinical presentations with the same pathologic entity is reported here. Though AOT has been rarely reported extending into the mandibular ramus, a maxillofacial surgeon should be more circumspect of this pathology while dealing with benign swellings of the mandibular posterior region.
Is extracorporeal plating ideal for condylar fracture? A case report with a two-year follow-up study
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Nathiya , Kumar Ganesan Suresh , Bhagat M James Antony , Muthulingam Veeramuthu 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Management of condylar fractures includes the closed and open methods. The closed method, although is conservative, has disadvantages such as inadequate reduction, disturbances in occlusion, and a decrease in ramal height. To overcome these disadvantages, surgeons prefer open reduction and internal fixation. One of the methods used is extracorpeal fixation of condyle fractures. This method has a limiting factor of excessive condylar resorption and avascular necrosis. We report a two-year follow-up of a patient with condylar head resorption and fractured implant.
Comparison of autologous blood prolotherapy and 25% dextrose prolotherapy for the treatment of chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation on the basis of clinical parameters
Authors: Pandey Sandeep Kumar , Baidya Manabendra , Srivastava Anurag , Garg Himanshu 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Prolotherapy is a nonsurgical regenerative injection technique and effective treatment method for the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation. Autologous blood and dextrose are commonly used agents for prolotherapy and the aim of this study is to compare the autologous blood injection prolotherapy and 25% dextrose prolotherapy for the treatment of chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation.

Method:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 20 patients with chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation who were treated by either autologous blood (Group A) or 25% dextrose Prolotherapy (Group B). After prolotherapy, the patients were kept on follow-up and evaluated for maximum mouth opening (MMO), pain at visual analog scale (VAS), mandibular movements, frequency of dislocation, and TMJ sound. The collected data were then statistically analyzed.

Results:
Group A showed better results in terms of reduction in MMO, mandibular movements as compared to Group B, and a statistically significant difference was found starting from 2 weeks post prolotherapy till 6 months follow-up. Whereas group B showed better results regarding reduction in pain intensity on VAS Scale at all follow-up visits. No statistically significant difference was found between both groups regarding reduction in the frequency of dislocation and TMJ sounds.

Conclusion:
Both autologous and dextrose prolotherapy gives promising results for the treatment of recurrent TMJ dislocation, however, regarding reduction in MMO and improvement in lateral and protrusive mandibular movements, autologous blood gave better results whereas 25% Dextrose was found to be more effective in terms of reduction of pain in recurrent TMJ dislocation cases.
“Risk assessment for periodontal disease associated tooth loss among rural and urban population of 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 years age groups of Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Awadhesh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the risk for periodontal disease-associated tooth loss among rural and urban population of Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done on 1200 urban and rural adults (632 males and 568 females) aged 35–74 years. Data were collected, followed by clinical examination for missing teeth. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test, Chi-square test, and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The mean number of periodontal disease-associated tooth loss in the study population was 4.2 ± 7.4. A significant association was found between the place of residence and tooth loss (3.5 ± 6.8 urban; 4.7 ± 7.8 rural), with rural adults showing greater tooth loss compared to urban adults (P < 0.01). Tooth loss increased significantly with age, ranging from mean number of 1.2 teeth in 35–44 years old to 11.5 teeth among 65–74 years old (P < 0.001). Gender showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in tooth loss between males (4.7 ± 7.7) and females (3.6 ± 6.9). A significant association for tooth loss was also found with respect to the level of education and socioeconomic status (P < 0.001). A decrease in the mean number of missing teeth with increasing education and better socioeconomic status was observed, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The insights gained illustrate that tooth loss was 57% in rural and urban Barabanki district population, and the significant risks identified were age, illiterate, marital status, and low socioeconomic status.
Immunotherapeutic and their immunological aspects
Authors: Jain Mayank , Mishra Archana , Singh Mukul K. , Shyam Hari , Kumar Shailendra , Shankar Pratap , Singh Saumya 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Cancer is often caused by the immune system's inability to deal with malignant cells and allows them to progress and proliferate. Emerging cancerous cells constantly evade the immune system, and as a result, these cancerous cells acquire more mutations and exhibit the deadliest characteristics among malignant tumors. The importance of understanding tumor immunology, particularly the functions of tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, is highlighted by the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy therapies. Many innovative immunotherapy drugs that effectively battle cancer have been produced since the 1980s. At present, in cancer treatment, immunotherapy appears as a paradigm that targets immune checkpoints of tumor cells such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and monoclonal antibodies (MABs), although the treatment of cancer is classified into non-specific and specific types. Specific types define the antibody targeting cell receptors as a new cancer treatment modality. For a number of malignancies, checkpoint inhibitors, MABs, and their derivatives have become standard-of-care therapy. Other immunotherapy techniques, such as most cancer vaccines and cell-based therapies, are still in the experimental stage. Many new immunotherapy techniques and agents are being explored and evaluated in clinical trials, which is a good thing. Thus, this review discusses the role of checkpoint inhibitors and MABs in the treatment of tumor cells. Moreover, these findings help us to understand the mechanism of action of this class of therapeutics and provide support for the management of cancer treatment.
Multi-Cause Calibration of Verbal Autopsy–Based Cause-Specific Mortality Estimates of Children and Neonates in Mozambique
Authors: Gilbert Brian , Fiksel Jacob , Wilson Emily , Kalter Henry , Kante Almamy , Akum Aveika , Blau Dianna , Bassat Quique , Macicame Ivalda , Samo Gudo Eduardo , Black Robert , Zeger Scott , Amouzou Agbessi , Datta Abhirup 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
The Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action platform is collecting verbal autopsy (VA) records from a nationally representative sample in Mozambique. These records are used to estimate the national and subnational cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs) for children (1–59 months) and neonates (1–28 days). Cross-tabulation of VA-based cause-of-death (COD) determination against that from the minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention project revealed important misclassification errors for all the VA algorithms, which if not accounted for will lead to bias in the estimates of CSMF from VA. A recently proposed Bayesian VA-calibration method is used that accounts for this misclassification bias and produces calibrated estimates of CSMF. Both the VA-COD and the MITS-COD can be multi-cause (i.e., suggest more than one probable COD for some of the records). To fully use this probabilistic COD data, we use the multi-cause VA calibration. Two different computer-coded VA algorithms are considered—InSilicoVA and EAVA—and the final CSMF estimates are obtained using an ensemble calibration that uses data from both the algorithms. The calibrated estimates consistently offer a better fit to the data and reveal important changes in the CSMF for both children and neonates in Mozambique after accounting for VA misclassification bias.
A Qualitative Assessment of Community Acceptability and Its Determinants in the Implementation of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling in Children in Quelimane City, Mozambique
Authors: Magaço Amilcar , Alonso Yara , Maixenchs Maria , Ambrosio Contardo , Sitoe Antonio , Vitorino Pio , Blau Dianna , Garel Mischka , Breiman Robert , Amouzou Agbessi , Bassat Quique , Mandomando Inacio , Blevins John , Munguambe Khatia 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
The Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action project aims to implement a child mortality surveillance program through strengthening vital registration event reporting (pregnancy, birth, and death) and investigating causes of death (CODs) based on verbal autopsies. In Quelimane (central Mozambique), Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS) procedures were added to fine-tune the COD approaches. Before the implementation of MITS, an evaluation of the acceptability and ethical considerations of child mortality surveillance was considered fundamental. A socio-anthropological study was conducted in Quelimane, using observations, informal conversations, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with healthcare providers, nharrubes (traditional authorities who handle bodies before the funeral), community and religious leaders, and traditional birth attendants to understand the locally relevant potential facilitators and barriers to the acceptability of MITS. Audio materials were transcribed, systematically coded, and analyzed using NVIVO12®. The desire to know the COD, intention to discharge the elders from accusations of witchcraft, involvement of leaders in disseminating project information, and provision of transport for bodies back to the community constitute potential facilitators for the acceptability of MITS implementation. In contrast, poor community mobilization, disagreement with Islamic religious practices, and local traditional beliefs were identified as potential barriers. MITS was considered a positive innovation to determine the COD, although community members remain skeptical about the procedure due to tensions with religion and tradition. Therefore, the implementation of MITS in Quelimane should prioritize the involvement of a variety of influential community and religious leaders.
Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action in Mozambique: Results from a National Sample-Based Vital Statistics System for Mortality and Cause of Death
Authors: Macicame Ivalda , Kante Almamy M. , Wilson Emily , Gilbert Brian , Koffi Alain , Nhachungue Sheila , Monjane Celso , Duce Pedro , Adriano Antonio , Chicumbe Sergio , Jani Ilesh , Kalter Henry D. , Datta Abhirup , Zeger Scott , Black Robert E. , Gudo Eduardo Samo , Amouzou Agbessi , _ _ 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Sub-Saharan Africa lacks timely, reliable, and accurate national data on mortality and causes of death (CODs). In 2018 Mozambique launched a sample registration system (Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action [COMSA]-Mozambique), which collects continuous birth, death, and COD data from 700 randomly selected clusters, a nationally representative population of 828,663 persons. Verbal and social autopsy interviews are conducted for COD determination. We analyzed data collected in 2019–2020 to report mortality rates and cause-specific fractions. Cause-specific results were generated using computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) algorithms for deaths among those age 5 years and older. For under-five deaths, the accuracy of CCVA results was increased through calibration with data from minimally invasive tissue sampling. Neonatal and under-five mortality rates were, respectively, 23 (95% CI: 18–28) and 80 (95% CI: 69–91) deaths per 1,000 live births. Mortality rates per 1,000 were 18 (95% CI: 14–21) among age 5–14 years, 26 (95% CI: 20–31) among age 15–24 years, 258 (95% CI: 230–287) among age 25–59 years, and 531 (95% CI: 490–572) among age 60+ years. Urban areas had lower mortality rates than rural areas among children under 15 but not among adults. Deaths due to infections were substantial across all ages. Other predominant causes by age group were prematurity and intrapartum-related events among neonates; diarrhea, malaria, and lower respiratory infections among children 1–59 months; injury, malaria, and diarrhea among children 5–14 years; HIV, injury, and cancer among those age 15–59 years; and cancer and cardiovascular disease at age 60+ years. The COMSA-Mozambique platform offers a rich and unique system for mortality and COD determination and monitoring and an opportunity to build a comprehensive surveillance system.
Japanese Encephalitis among Adults: A Review
Authors: Hills Susan L. , Netravathi M. , Solomon Tom 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is becoming an increasingly important issue among adults. The reasons for this are multifactorial. During the past decades, new areas of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission have occurred in several locations, most notably in a markedly expanded area of Australia during 2021–2022. When JEV enters new areas, cases in adults frequently occur. This is unlike the typical pattern in endemic areas where the burden of disease is in children because most adults are protected through natural immunity following earlier exposure to the virus. Even in endemic areas, JEV has become relatively more important in adults because improved JE control through childhood immunization programs has resulted in a substantial decrease in pediatric JE cases and thus more prominence of adult JE cases. Finally, increases in tourism to JE risk areas have resulted in more exposure of adult travelers, who are usually non-immune, to infection in JE risk areas. In this review we describe the increasing importance of JE in adults in some areas and then consider the comparative clinical presentation and severity of illness among children and adults.