bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Individualism on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Exploitation among Small and Medium Enterprises Owners in Tanzania
Authors: Kamwela Baraka Hebron , Jaensson Jan-Erik , Tonya Emmanuel 
Published: April 2023

Aims: The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of individualism on entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation among small and medium enterprise owners in Tanzania through the mediation effect of innovativeness. Specific objectives were to examine the influence of individualism on entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation and to examine the mediating effect of innovativeness on the influence of individualism on entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation.
Methodology: The study employed an explanatory research design. 370 small and medium enterprise owners were studied using a cross-section survey questionnaire. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to test the instruments’ validity and reliability and testing the direct and indirect hypotheses on the effects of individualism on entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation.
Results: After testing the hypotheses, the direct effects showed that individualism positively and significantly influences entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation among small and medium enterprise owners. Testing mediation effects, it was found that innovativeness partially mediates the relationship between individualism and entrepreneurial opportunity. Therefore, innovativeness has positive significant indirect effects on the relationship between individualism and entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation.
Conclusion: Individualism directly and indirectly influences small and medium enterprise owners to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. The study helps policymakers to understand that individualistic values, if well addressed in entrepreneurship policy, can help to promote innovativeness and entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation. Practically, the study implies that well-structured culture influences small and medium enterprises owners’ behavior to exploit opportunities.
Trisomy 5: A Rare Isolated Finding in Pediatric B-lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Sachwani Kiran , Mansoor Neelum 
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives: In acute leukemia, all diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols are based on cytogenetic and molecular genetic findings. Despite recent advances in molecular biology, cytogenetic studies still play a pivotal role in the sub-classification of B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). B-ALL is characterized by clonal cytogenetic abnormalities with numerical chromosomal aberrations being more common. An extra copy of chromosome 5 is common to see in cases with hyper diploidy. However, a gain of chromosome 5 as a sole anomaly is exceptionally rare in B-ALL. To date, trisomy 5 as a sole abnormality is reported in few cases only. We aimed to report the clinicopathologic profile of this rare finding to increase knowledge and highlight the disease course of these patients.
Methods: We report a case of a 14-year boy presented with fever, lethargy and episodes of nasal bleeding for two weeks. He was admitted to the pediatric oncology unit at Indus hospital and health network, Karachi. Flowcytometry performed on peripheral blood using 8-color flowcytometry. Conventional karyotyping was performed by GTG banding. FISH panel was comprised of dual color dual fusion probes for BCR::ABL1 and ETV6::RUNX1 whereas break apart probe for KMT2A (Metasystem, Germany). Digital image analysis for karyotyping and FISH was done on Leica Biosystems, Cytovision MB8.
Results: Flowcytometry results were consistent with B-ALL. Cytogenetic analysis on his bone marrow aspirate revealed trisomy 5 as a sole abnormality with no evidence of any other clonal cytogenetic abnormality. FISH studies for BCR::ABL1, ETV6::RUNX1 and KMT2A showed no evidence of gene rearrangements.
Conclusion: Trisomy 5 is a very rare cytogenetic aberration. Only few cases reported in children. Inferior outcome is reported in both children and adults. The increasing number of reported cases raises the possibility of a distinct cytogenetic entity. Its prognostic and therapeutic implications are yet to be explored.
Federalism and Inter-Ethnic Relations: Identity, Socio-Economic Affairs and their Dynamics in Western Ethiopia
Authors: Jibat Keneni , Berisso Taddes , Adeto Yonas Adaye 
Published: April 2023

This study aims to examine the relationship between Gumuz and Oromo along the border administrative area. The study employed qualitative descriptive research to meet the stated objective of the study. Purposive sampling techniques were used to gather information. To attain the study objective, interviews, observation, and focus group discussions were used as primary data. Primary data were gathered from different informants in both the Oromo and Gumuz communities. A total number of 48 informants participated in the study. The study showed that pre-1991 and post-1991, the relations between the Gumuz and Oromo communities in the study area have been shaped by the intertwined political and economic contexts. The political context implies how federalism was perceived and implemented and the role of the central government. Following the reorganization of territories during the adoption of Federalism in 1991. The study's findings revealed that the federalism way of conflict resolution mechanism is still used as a major way of resolving conflict in the study area.
Health Care Access and Affordability Among US Adults Aged 18 to 64 Years With Self-reported Post–COVID-19 Condition
Authors: Karpman Michael , Zuckerman Stephen , Morriss Sarah 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceMany US adults report having post–COVID-19 condition (PCC), but little is known about their access to health care.ObjectiveTo estimate the association of PCC with access and affordability challenges among US adults aged 18 to 64 years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study used data from the Health Reform Monitoring Survey, a probability-based internet survey conducted June 17 to July 5, 2022. Participants included a nationally representative sample of 9484 US adults ages 18 to 64 years drawn from the Ipsos KnowledgePanel.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported PCC was defined as experiencing symptoms more than 4 weeks after first having COVID-19 that were not explained by another condition or factor. Access and affordability outcomes included having a usual place of care; forgoing care in the past 12 months because of costs, difficulty finding clinicians, or difficulty using health insurance; having problems paying family medical bills in the past 12 months; and having past-due medical debt.ResultsOf 19 162 panel members recruited for the survey, 9599 individuals completed the survey (completion rate, 50.1%) and 9484 respondents were included in the final analytic sample (4720 females [50.6%, weighted]; mean [SD] age, 41.0 [13.5] years). A total of 3382 respondents (36.4%; 95% CI, 34.7%-38.2%) reported ever being diagnosed with COVID-19, among whom, 833 respondents (22.5%; 95% CI, 20.9%-24.2%) reported currently having PCC. After adjustment for differences in demographic, health, and geographic characteristics, adults with PCC were more likely than 2549 adults with a COVID-19 diagnosis but no report of PCC and 6102 adults never diagnosed with COVID-19 to report unmet health care needs in the past 12 months because of the following challenges: costs (27.0%; 95% CI, 23.2%-30.7% vs 18.3%; 95% CI, 15.9%-20.7% and 17.5%; 95% CI, 15.4%-19.6%) and difficulties finding clinicians accepting new patients (16.4%; 95% CI, 14.3%-18.4% vs 10.1%; 95% CI, 8.8%-11.5% and 10.7%; 95% CI, 9.6%-11.8%), getting a timely appointment (22.0%; 95% CI, 19.3%-24.8% vs 14.4%; 95% CI, 13.2%-15.7% and 13.9%; 95% CI, 12.9%-14.8%), and getting health plan care authorization (16.6%; 95% CI, 14.6%-18.6% vs 10.8%; 95% CI, 9.6%-12.1% and 10.3%; 95% CI, 9.4%-11.2%) (P &amp;lt; .001 for all comparisons).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that adults aged 18 to 64 years with PCC were more likely than other adults to have difficulty getting and paying for health care. These findings suggest that policies aimed at improving access and affordability may focus on accelerating development of treatments and clinical guidelines, training clinicians, and addressing insurance-related administrative and cost barriers.
A Bio‐Inspired Temperature‐Arousing Battery with Giant Power for Fire Alarming
Authors: Li Xinlei , Lyu Shanzhi , Jia Jichen , Gao Naiwei , Wu Xun , Ma Yingchao , Wang Yapei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractForest fire has been becoming a conscious theme as it causes huge loss of life and ghastly impact on the ecological environment. Temperature sensor appropriate for large‐area distribution in forest is rising as a subject of considerable speculation to build a fire alarming network. This strategy needs power supplies that can support fire alarming sensors in long term. Herein, a concept of temperature‐arousing battery (TAB) is conceived that has no energy consumption at normal temperaturewhile becoming activated in fire scenario. The TAB is made of a thermoelectric (TE) generator deposited with exothermic and endothermic materials on its hot sink and cold sink, respectively. Learning from bombardier beetles, the exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction can only happen when the thermal‐responsive switches to isolate reactants are triggered in the event of fire occurrence. Even in an isothermal atmosphere, a remarkable temperature difference is formed between two sinks of TE generator, accordingly producing a thermoelectric voltage higher than 5.0 V and a giant power over 1.0 W, which are high enough to power a wireless signal transmitter. In the practical tests, the integrated self‐powered alarming system can transmit an electrical signal in 79 s when the TAB touches a forest fire.
Bioinspired Photonic Microchip with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Single Recognition of c‐Myc Protein in Predictive Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Xu Jun , Liu Xianghui , Sun Ya , Zhang Di , Zhou Han , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMonitoring of trace c‐Myc protein as the biomarker of ubiquitous cancers is critical in achieving predictive medical diagnostics. However, qualitative and quantitative detection of c‐Myc protein with superior single selectivity and sensitivity is still challenging. Herein, a bioinspired photonic sensing microchip for single recognition of c‐Myc protein is outlined with two synergistic aspects involving chemical and physical design criteria. Chemical design uses specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with exquisite complementarity in its chemical functions and spatial geometries to targeted c‐Myc protein, leading to excellent sensitivity and selectivity for single identification. Physical design involves optical geometrical double‐reflection polarization rotation and multilayer interference of the fabricated periodic photonic architecture inspired by Papilio palinurus butterfly wings to enhance the spectral diversity of reflectance. Therefore, a one‐of‐a‐kind sensing platform integrates the advantages of MIP and bioinspired photonic structure is demonstrated to actualize distinctive signal conversion and amplification for qualitative and quantitative detection of trace c‐Myc protein, accompanied with superior sensitivity (detection limit is 0.014 µg mL−1), selectivity, stability, anti‐interference ability as well as rapid response/recovery time. This sensor microchip uniquely ventures into the territory of functionally combining bioinspired photonic structure with MIP absorbers, proven promising for prevention or diagnosis of cancers in medical field.
Collagen‐Based Dissolving Microneedles with Flexible Pedestals: A Transdermal Delivery System for Both Anti‐Aging and Skin Diseases
Authors: Lv Hongqian , Gao Nan , Zhou Qixin , Wang Yan , Ling Guixia , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiocompatible polymer microneedles (MNs) are emerging as a promising platform for transdermal drug delivery, especially for facial treatments. Therefore, an MN patch in this study uses hydrolyzed collagen (HC) contained in skin cells as the main raw material and adopts a two‐step cast method to develop a rapidly dissolving microneedle (DMN) to deliver collagen in a simple and minimally invasive way, allowing the release of the encapsulated drug in the skin. By optimizing the formulation and proportion of HC and auxiliary support materials, the mechanical strength required to pierce the skin is obtained, while the soft pedestal allows for flexibility in application. The DMNs can dissolve completely in the skin within 15 min and release within ≈ 8 h, and do not cause toxicity or irritation when being applied. In contrast to the ineffectiveness of oral and external application, and the high risk of dermal injection, drug‐loaded DMNs overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods with direct penetration and minimally invasive manner, enabling efficient and safe treatment. The successful preparation and research of HC DMNs have innovative and practical significance in this field, and it is expected to become a simple, effective, and popular transdermal drug delivery platform for cosmetics.
Hemoadhican, a Tissue Adhesion Hemostatic Material Independent of Blood Coagulation
Authors: Kong Changchang , Chen Shijunyin , Wang Xianjin , Hu Chengtao , Li Bing , Fu Renjie , Zhang Jianfa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of death, emphasizing the need for novel hemostatic agents. Here, a novel hemostatic polysaccharide hemoadhican (HD) is screened out by analyzing the rheological properties of screened material mixed blood sludges, which is prepared by mixing polysaccharide granules and whole blood to mimic the coagulation in vitro. HD is produced by a bacterial isolate Paenibacillus sp.1229, and the repeating units of HD are →)‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐Glcp‐(1→4)[4,6‐ethylidene‐α‐D‐Galp‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→3)]‐α‐D‐Manp‐(1→. Compared to chitosan and celox, HD achieves more effective hemostasis in animal models with mouse and rat femoral arteries, rat carotid arteries, and rabbit femoral arteries. Especially, HD maintains an excellent hemostatic capability in animals with heparin‐induced hemorrhage diathesis. In vitro experiments show HD granules can quickly absorb a small amount of blood component to create a hemophobic blood sludge resistant to high pressure. The blood sludge firmly adheres to damaged tissue and efficiently repels blood. In vitro experiments show that HD does not actively trigger blood coagulation cascade and is independent of blood conditions including heparin treatment. In addition, HD moisturizes wounds and accelerates wound healing, exhibiting excellent biodegradability, and hemocompatibility. The results indicate that HD is a promising hemostatic material for treating traumatic hemorrhages and uncontrollable surgical bleeding.
Physicochemical Dual Cross‐Linking Conductive Polymeric Networks Combining High Strength and High Toughness Enable Stable Operation of Silicon Microparticle Anodes
Authors: Zhang Biao , Dong Yanling , Han Jingrui , Zhen Yunjing , Hu Chuangang , Liu Dong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe poor interfacial stability and insufficient cycling performance caused by undesirable stress hinder the commercial application of silicon microparticles (µSi) as next‐generation anode materials for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, a conceptionally novel physicochemical dual cross‐linking conductive polymeric network is designed combining high strength and high toughness by coupling the stiffness of poly(acrylic acid) and the softness of carboxyl nitrile rubber, which includes multiple H‐bonds, by introducing highly branched tannic acid as a physical cross‐linker. Such a design enables effective stress dissipation by folded molecular chains slipping and sequential cleavage of H‐bonds, thus stabilizing the electrode interface and enhancing cycle stability. As expected, the resultant electrode (µSi/PTBR) delivers an unprecedented high capacity retention of ≈97% from 2027.9 mAh g−1 at the 19th to 1968.0 mAh g−1 at the 200th cycle at 2 A g−1. Meanwhile, this unique stress dissipation strategy is also suitable for stabilizing SiOx anodes with a much lower capacity loss of ≈0.012% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1.5 A g−1. Atomic force microscopy analysis and finite element simulations reveal the excellent stress‐distribution ability of the physicochemical dual cross‐linking conductive polymeric network. This work provides an efficient energy‐dissipation strategy toward practical high‐capacity anodes for energy‐dense batteries.
Inducing Single Spin‐Polarized Flat Bands in Monolayer Graphene
Authors: Jugovac Matteo , Cojocariu Iulia , Sánchez‐Barriga Jaime , Gargiani Pierluigi , Valvidares Manuel , Feyer Vitaliy , Blügel Stefan , Bihlmayer Gustav , Perna Paolo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the fundamental and technological implications in driving the appearance of non‐trivial, exotic topological spin textures and emerging symmetry‐broken phases, flat electronic bands in 2D materials, including graphene, are nowadays a relevant topic in the field of spintronics. Here, via europium doping, single spin‐polarized bands are generated in monolayer graphene supported by the Co(0001) surface. The doping is controlled by Eu positioning, allowing for the formation of a ‐valley localized single spin‐polarized low‐dispersive parabolic band close to the Fermi energy when Eu is on top, and of a π* flat band with single spin character when Eu is intercalated underneath graphene. In the latter case, Eu also induces a bandgap opening at the Dirac point while the Eu 4f states act as a spin filter, splitting the π band into two spin‐polarized branches. The generation of flat bands with single spin character, as revealed by the spin‐ and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments, complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, opens up new pathways toward the realization of spintronic devices exploiting such novel exotic electronic and magnetic states.
Fabrication of La‐Doped MoS2 Nanosheets with Tuned Bandgap for Dye Degradation and Antimicrobial Activities, Experimental and Computational Investigations
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Ilyas Binas , Haider Ali , Haider Junaid , Ul‐Hamid Anwar , Shahzadi Anum , Goumri‐Said Souraya , Kanoun Mohammed Benali , Nabgan Walid , Mahmood Asif 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient catalysts with a large number of active sites, tunable bandgap, and large surface area has been very challenging. In addition, a significant bottleneck in the application of catalysts for water treatment is their dissolution under extreme conditions, such as highly acidic or highly alkaline conditions that lead to poor application of the reported materials in real‐world applications. In this study, the lanthanum (La)‐doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are reported for efficient breakdown of toxic pollutants from wastewater under a wide pH range from strongly alkaline to strongly acidic solutions. The La‐MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) are prepared by a facile hydrothermal approach using a two‐step methodology. A redshift is observed upon La doping, indicating that the bandgap is lowered after La doping in MoS2. The changes in bandgap and electronic structure are further investigated using the density functional theory (DFT), which reveal that doping of La introduces new states within the bandgap region, allowing for further induced energy transitions. The La‐MoS2, having a doping concentration of 2%, exhibits the highest catalytic activity against methylene blue (MB) in neutral, acidic, and alkaline solutions, as well as substantial inhibitory activity for bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). In summary, the modified catalyst provides a pathway to design highly efficient catalysts for all pH range water treatment as well as good activity against microbes.
Spatially Controlled Single Photon Emitters in hBN‐Capped WS2 Domes
Authors: Cianci Salvatore , Blundo Elena , Tuzi Federico , Pettinari Giorgio , Olkowska‐Pucko Katarzyna , Parmenopoulou Eirini , Peeters Djero B. L. , Miriametro Antonio , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Babinski Adam , Molas Maciej R. , Felici Marco , Polimeni Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMonolayers (MLs) of transition‐metal dichalcogenides host efficient single‐photon emitters (SPEs) usually associated to the presence of nanoscale mechanical deformations or strain. Large‐scale spatial control of strain would enhance the scalability of such SPEs and allow for their incorporation into photonic structures. Here, the formation of regular arrays of strained hydrogen‐filled one‐layer‐thick micro‐domes obtained by H‐ion irradiation and lithography‐based approaches is reported. Typically, the H2 liquefaction for temperatures T<32 K causes the disappearance of the domes preventing their use as potential SPEs. Here, it is shown that the dome deflation can be overcome by hBN heterostructuring, that is by depositing thin hBN flakes on the domes. This leads to the preservation of the dome structure at all temperatures, as found by micro‐Raman and micro‐photoluminescence (µ‐PL) studies. Eventually, spatially controlled hBN‐capped WS2 domes show the appearance, at 5 K, of intense emission lines originating from localized excitons, which are shown to behave as quantum emitters here. The electronic properties of the emitters are addressed by time‐resolved µ‐PL yielding time decays of 1–10 ns, and by magneto‐µ‐PL measurements. The latter provide an exciton magnetic moment a factor of two larger than the value observed in planar strain‐free MLs.
Aggregation‐Dependent Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: AIE or ACQ?
Authors: Wu Yaxun , Ni Fan , Chen Zhanxiang , Yang Wei , Xiang Yepeng , Gong Shaolong , Cao Xiaosong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe understanding of the excited state dynamics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is crucial. In this study, two donor–acceptor‐type TADF emitters with highly twisted conformation are synthesized. The emitters with subtle chemical modification of donor unit exhibit opposite aggregation luminescent behaviors: aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). Through the photophysical properties study, crystallographic analysis, and theory simulations, it is discovered that X‐aggregation supports AIE behavior by restricting the intramolecular motions and preserving TADF emission via an efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process, but on the other hand, H‐aggregation leads to ACQ behavior due to inhibited RISC, disabled TADF channel, and weak phosphorescence from radiative low‐lying triplet state. The findings shed light on the excited‐state dynamic behaviors of TADF emitters, which are dependent on aggregation.
Mapping subsurface tile lines on a research farm using aerial photography, paper maps, and expert knowledge
Authors: Rahmani Shams R. , Schulze Darrell G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurate maps of subsurface tile drainage lines are needed for agronomic and environmental research studies and the maintenance of current tile drainage systems. In this study, tile lines at the Purdue University Agronomy Center for Research and Education near West Lafayette, Indiana were located using a combination of visual aerial photo interpretation, expert knowledge, and paper construction drawings. The mapping accuracy was assessed at 27 locations where tile lines were located physically using a tile probe. Tile lines were correctly predicted 89% of the time with an average spatial accuracy of ±1.23 m of the true tile locations. This approach was better than a previous tile line location map prepared using an automated remote sensing method, which had an average spatial accuracy of ±2.12 m.