bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demystifying the role of the Mantoux test in ocular tuberculosis
Authors: Moreker Mayur R. , Bansal Avya , Jaggi Sunila , Shah Sonali , Sakle Asmita , Moreker Shilpa R. 
Published: September 2023

Context:
The diagnosis and management of ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is largely a mystery, and the fact that it is a great imitator of various ocular pathologies adds to the difficulty in the diagnosis of patients.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the role of the Mantoux test in the diagnosis of OTB.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective chart review of patients who were diagnosed to have and treated as OTB in 1 year at our tertiary care center in Western India.

Methods:
The study population included 34 patients who presented to us and were diagnosed to have OTB, using standards published by the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and the Indian Council of Medical Research.

Results:
A total of 34 patients were diagnosed to have OTB in the study period of 1 year between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Of these 34 patients; 14 were male and 20 were female. The Mantoux test had been done in 32/34 patients. It was positive in 26 patients and negative in six patients. Looking specifically at the six patients in whom the Mantoux was negative, apart from having ocular signs of tuberculosis (TB), they had positive findings suggestive of old/active TB on contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography scan. Of the 34 patients, only five patients were treated based only on the clinical signs of OTB with only a positive Mantoux test, but even they all showed a response to treatment.

Conclusions:
There is a definite role of the Mantoux test when interpreted considering the clinical phenotype and radiology findings in OTB.
Concurrent Placement of the Testicular Prosthesis in Children Following Orchiectomy/Testicular Loss
Authors: Santhanakrishnan Ramesh , Konamme Vinay Kumar , Saroja Murali Govindappa 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Testis is essential for male sexual hormone production, fertility, and psychological well-being of a male. In the unfortunate event of testicular loss, placement of a testicular prosthesis perhaps will offer a sense of well-being, improved body image, and overall confidence in the growing child.

Aims:
The aim is to evaluate the feasibility and assessment of outcomes following concurrent placement of testicular prosthesis in children following orchiectomy.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted by reviewing the reports of patients who underwent simultaneous insertion testicular prosthesis following orchiectomy for various indications between January 2014 and December 2020 at tertiary hospitals in Bengaluru. Children <18 years were included in this study. A transscrotal approach was preferred in cases where a transscrotal orchiectomy was done. Transinguinal approach was preferred in children undergoing prosthesis insertion as an isolated procedure. The size of the prosthesis was chosen based on the age of the child and the size of the scrotum. Outcomes were assessed on follow-up.

Results:
A total of 29 children underwent prosthesis insertion (25 unilateral and four bilateral). The mean standard deviation age was 5.58 (3.92) years. The indications for prosthesis insertion were cryptorchidism with atrophic testis (22), torsion (3), Leydig cell tumor (2), and severely virilized Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (2). Of these, three children (9%) had complications (wound gaping in two and wound infection in one) that needed removal of the implant. The mean duration of follow-up was 49.23 months. All the parents reported a good outcome, and none of the children who underwent prosthesis placement needed a change during this follow-up.

Conclusion:
Concurrent placement of a testicular prosthesis is technically easy and a safe procedure, achieves satisfactory cosmetic appearance with minimal morbidity.
Feasibility of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Pediatric Colostomy Reversal
Authors: Uday Bhaskar M. N. S. , Sundararajan Lakshmi 
Published: September 2023

Aim:
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) are multimodal perioperative pathways that have shown improved outcomes. ERAS after colostomy reversal has shown promising results in adults and few pediatric studies. We report our experience using ERAS for a colostomy reversal.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of children in whom ERAS was used during colostomy reversal between May 2016 and 2019 was carried out. ERAS protocol in our study included avoiding mechanical bowel preparation (MBP), oral liquid diet upto 3 h preoperatively, usage of regional anesthesia, minimal handling of bowel intraoperatively, using nonopioid analgesics for pain relief, early initiation of feeding on the first postoperative day, early discharge once full feeds are established. Outcomes analyzed are the duration of hospital stay and complications, including readmissions. Requirement for opioids and anti-emetics are noted. The outcomes are compared with traditional care pathways (TCP), which use MBP, overnight fasting, opioid analgesia, and delayed feeding. A total of 48 are included in the study, with 13 cases using ERAS and TCP in 35 cases.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used.

Results:
In the ERAS group, the mean length of hospital stay (LOS) postoperatively was 3.7 days (2–5 days) as opposed to 7.2 days (5–11 days) in TCP. There was only one child with complications in the ERAS group, while 9 cases in TCP had complications, though none of them required operative intervention. There was the requirement of anti-emetic in only one child in the ERAS group.

Conclusion:
ERAS for colostomy reversal is feasible in the pediatric population. For successful implementation, all personnel involved in the care of the child need to be educated about the protocol. It reduces LOS and complications.
A Female Infant with Rectovestibular Fistula and Imperforate Hymen
Authors: Khedkar Kiran , Lamture Yashwant R , Lohia Sham , Tayade Harshal Atul 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In a female neonate with anorectal malformation (ARM), the diagnosis is usually simple. But when there are two openings in the introitus and absent anal opening at the normal site, the scenario poses a diagnostic challenge. Careful and detailed evaluation of anomaly is therefore necessary before planning definitive correction. Imperforate hymen, although is not commonly associated with ARM should always be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis and other vaginal anomalies like Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome should be ruled out before definitive surgical correction.
Outcomes of Early Oral Feeding Compared to Delayed Feeding in Children after Elective Distal Bowel Anastomosis
Authors: Jayakumar T. K. , Rathod Kirtikumar J. , Eradi Bala , Sinha Arvind 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Conventionally, oral feeds after distal bowel anastomosis surgery (ileostomy/colostomy closure) are delayed until after bowel peristalsis is established. The safety of an early feeding regimen is not established in children. This study compared early feeding regimens with delayed feeding in children undergoing elective intestinal anastomosis surgeries.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective multicentric cohort study, children undergoing elective distal bowel anastomosis surgery were divided into Group A (oral feeds allowed within 6 h) and Group B (delayed feeds). The two groups were compared for the incidence of abdomen distension, vomiting, surgical site infection, duration of analgesia, length of hospital stay, and readmission rate.

Results:
During the study, 58 patients were included: Group A (n = 26) and Group B (n = 32). The duration of analgesia (1.9 vs. 4.01 days) and length of hospital stay (3.38 vs. 5.0 days) were significantly less in Group A. Abdominal distension (7.7% vs. 15.6%), vomiting (11.5% vs. 15.6%), surgical site infection rate (3.8% vs. 12.5%), and readmissions (0% vs. 3.1%) were less in Group A, but statistically not significant.

Conclusion:
Early feeding after the elective restoration of distal bowel continuity can be safely practiced in the pediatric population. It is associated with a reduced need for analgesia and shorter hospital stay.
Intestinal Bowel Lengthening within the First 6 Months of Life
Authors: Zulli Andrea , Coletta Riccardo , Aldeiri Bashar , Morabito Antonino 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Management of short bowel syndrome in children has been surrounded by much debate with timing of the lengthening procedure still controversial. Early bowel lengthening procedure (EBLP) has been defined as any bowel lengthening procedure performed before 6 months of age. The purpose of this paper is to report the institutional experience in EBLP and to review the literature on this subject to identify common indications.

Methods:
An institutional retrospective analysis of all the intestinal lengthening procedures was performed. Furthermore, an Ovid/Embase search regarding children who underwent bowel lengthening in the past 38 years was conducted. Primary diagnosis, age at procedure, type of procedure, indication, and outcome were analyzed.

Results:
Ten EBLP were performed in Manchester from 2006 to 2017. Median age at surgery was 121 days (102–140), preoperative small bowel (SB) length was 30 cm (20–49) while postoperative SB length was 54 cm (40–70), with a median increased bowel length of 80%. Ninety-seven papers were reviewed, with more than 399 lengthening procedures performed. Twenty-nine papers matched criteria with more than 60 EBLP were observed of which 10 were performed in a single center from 2006 to 2017. EBLP was performed due to SB atresia, to excessive bowel dilatation or failure to enteral feeds, at a median age of 60 days (1–90). Serial transverse enteroplasty was the most frequent procedure used lengthening the bowel from 40 cm (29–62.5) to 63 cm (49–85), with a median increased bowel length of 57%.

Conclusions:
This study confirms that no clear consensus on indication or timing to perform early SB lengthening is reported. According to the gathered data, EBLP should be considered, only in cases of actual necessity after review of qualified intestinal failure center.
Defining the Indications of PATIO Technique for Urethrocutaneous Fistula Repair
Authors: Choudhury Prativa , Phugat Shivani , Jain Vishesh , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Dhua Anjan Kumar , Verma Vivek , Verma Ajay , Anand Sachit , Singh Sanchita , Goel Prabudh 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Despite the advancements in technique and technology, urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) formation continues to be the most common complication after hypospadias repair.

Objective:
The objective of the current synthesis is to define the indications of PATIO technique for UCF repair.

Materials and Methods:
The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were interrogated for studies presenting primary data upon UCF repair by the PATIO technique. Data analysis was performed on MedCalc and R software.

Results:
Eighteen studies were identified relevant to the current context: inversion of UCF tract has been described in 13 and ligation in 5. There were 2 duplications (abstract and manuscript). The overall success for PATIO is 88.2% (314/356). The success rate was variable between classic PATIO (inversion at 87.2%), ligation-inversion at 86.9%, and ligation alone at 88.9%. The success rate was not improvised upon by supplementing inversion of UCF tract with ligation (p = 0.957) or addition of a waterproofing layer (p = 0.622). PATIO has been used for single or multiple UCFs post hypospadias repair, genital piercing, and genitoplasty in cis- or transgender population for UCF up to 5 mm in size. The success rates were best for UCF <2 mm and worst for those approaching 5 mm. The results were, however, unaffected by the location of UCF along the penile shaft. Besides, the use of urethral catheter is optional and may be eliminated with shorter hospitalization.

Conclusions:
PATIO repair may be considered for repair of UCFs (a) with diverse etiologies, (b) located anywhere along the penile shaft included coronal UCF, (c) preferably <4 mm in size, (d) single or multiple in number; multiple PATIOs may be done in the same setting, (e) in patients unwilling for prolonged hospitalization, (f) in patients unwilling for a urethral catheter, and (g) in hypospadias cripples wherein mobilization of distant tissues such as tunica vaginalis flap or a buccal mucosal graft may be required for supplementing the UCF repair.
Delayed Presentation of Malrotation
Authors: Menghwani Himanshu , Piplani Rajat , Yhoshu Enono , Jagdish B. , Sree Balija Satya 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly resulting from abnormal or incomplete rotation and fixation of the midgut during embryogenesis. It commonly presents in the neonatal period (75%) with sudden onset bilious vomiting and rarely beyond infancy (<10%).

Aim:
The aim of the study was to highlight the clinical features, radiological findings, and treatment outcomes of patients with malrotation presenting beyond infancy.

Materials and Methods:
Eleven consecutive cases of delayed presentation of malrotation presented over a period of 5 years (2017–2021). Data were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
Out of the 11 patients, four were female and seven were male. The age of patients ranged from 14 months to 18 years. Patients beyond infancy present usually with diffuse pain abdomen compared to neonates which present with sudden onset bilious vomiting and therefore difficult to diagnose. Five patients had associated abnormalities such as intussusception or nutcracker syndrome or mesenteric cyst or jejunal stricture or mesenteric lymphadenopathy along with malrotation. Patients underwent ultrasonography, upper gastrointestinal contrast study, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen to confirm the diagnosis. All patients underwent the Ladd procedure with four requiring resection anastomosis and one requiring excision of the mesenteric cyst. Eight out of eleven patients had favorable outcomes, two develop adhesive intestinal obstruction and required re-exploration, and one had persistent complaints of hematochezia.

Conclusion:
Malrotation beyond infancy is a rare diagnosis. Malrotation in older children is usually not suspected because of the wide range of symptoms. A high index of suspicion on ultrasound or computed tomography is required to demonstrate the reversal of superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein position and related conditions. Early intervention and treatment can prevent catastrophic events such as intestinal volvulus and intestinal ischemia in these patients.
Infantile Tubercular Endobronchial Polypoid Obstructive Lesion
Authors: Konamme Vinay Kumar , Gowrishankar B. C. , Babu M. Narendra 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Endobronchial tuberculosis is reported in 18% of adults and 30%–60% of children with primary pulmonary tuberculosis. We are reporting two infants who presented with nonspecific respiratory symptoms due to an obstructive tubercular polypoid mass which was detected on computed tomography. Bronchoscopy showed a pale friable polypoid lesion in the bronchus causing a luminal obstruction. The biopsy of the lesion was suggestive of tuberculosis. On treatment with antitubercular medications, both the babies improved and remained asymptomatic on long-term follow-up.
Layered Screening and Contact-Limiting Interventions Are Necessary to Reduce SARS-Cov-2 Outbreak Risks in Large Urban Jails
Authors: Sakrejda Krzysztof , Zawitz Chad , Weinstein Robert A. , Trick William , Rafinski Joshua , Broen Kelly , Steinberg Hannah , Popovich Kyle J. , Zelner Jon 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT.
Highly transmissible infections with short serial intervals, such as SARS-Cov-2 and influenza, can quickly overwhelm healthcare resources in institutional settings such as jails. We assessed the impact of intake screening measures on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in this setting. We identified which elements of the intake process created the largest reductions in caseload. We implemented an individual-based simulation representative of SARS-Cov-2 transmission in a large urban jail utilizing testing at entry, quarantine, and post-quarantine testing to protect its general population from mass infection. We tracked the caseload under each scenario and quantified the impact of screening steps by varying quarantine duration, removing testing, and using a range of test sensitivities. We repeated the simulations under a range of transmissibility and community prevalence levels to evaluate the sensitivity of our results. We found that brief quarantine of newly incarcerated individuals separate from the existing population of the jail to permit pre-quarantine and end-of-quarantine tests reduced SARS-CoV-2 caseload 30–70% depending on test sensitivity. These results were robust to variation in the transmissibility. Further quarantine (up to 14 days) on average created only a 5% further reduction in caseload. A multilayered intake process is necessary to limit the spread of highly transmissible pathogens with short serial intervals. The pre-symptomatic phase means that no single strategy can be effective. We also show that shorter durations of quarantine combined with testing can be nearly as effective at preventing spread as longer-duration quarantine up to 14 days.
Estrategias metodológicas en las habilidades del pensamiento creativo: área de ciencias sociales
Authors: Cobos Alexandra Astudillo , Meza Mariela Libelly Lozada , Arreaga Elis Matilde Carrion , Granda Lorena Marielisa González , Cetre-Vásquez Roxana Paola , Jiménez Michael Steven Alban , Alvarado Jessica Mariuxi Macias 
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo está orientado a la implementación de estrategias metodológicas que fomenten las habilidades en el pensamiento creativo en estudiantes de educación general básica en el área de las Ciencias Sociales, se potenció el pensamiento creativo por diferentes procesos que incluyen la creación, flexibilidad y originalidad en la participación del estudiante, propiciando así el desarrollo de habilidades al momento de tomar decisiones, planificar y solucionar problemas tanto académica como en su vida cotidiana, es decir, dando énfasis a la estimulación de sus potencialidades, capacidades, necesidades y el aumento de las relaciones interpersonales que interactúa entre el docente y estudiantes. Las Unidades Educativas deben proponer como una necesidad la comprobación de las formas operacionales en la práctica pedagógica de como se está desarrollando la creatividad en los niños. Las estrategias innovadoras son propuestas como producto de la experiencia y registros de resultados en informes de acompañamiento de prácticas preprofesionales, bajo el enfoque participativo de los estudiantes del cuarto año de la Escuela de Educación General Básica “Humberto Centanaro Gando”, Cantón Milagro.
Imker setzen auf Forschung bei bedrohten Bienenvölkern
Authors: Grass Silvana 
Published: September 2023

Frankfurt a.M. Hohe Bienenverluste lassen sich auf einige Faktoren zurückführen: Monokulturen in der Landwirtschaft, den Klimawandel und den Befall der Bienen mit Varroa-Milben und anderen Parasiten. Einen Lichtblick bietet die Zusammenarbeit von Imkern und Wissenschaftlern.
Quantifying the seasonal variations in and regional transport of PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: characteristics, sources, and health risks
Authors: Zhan Yangzhihao , Xie Min , Zhao Wei , Wang Tijian , Gao Da , Chen Pulong , Tian Jun , Zhu Kuanguang , Li Shu , Zhuang Bingliang , Li Mengmeng , Luo Yi , Zhao Runqi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Given the increasing complexity of the chemical composition of PM2.5, identifying and quantitatively assessing the contributions of pollution sources has played an important role in formulating policies to control particle pollution. This study provides a comprehensive assessment between PM2.5 chemical characteristics, sources, and health risks based on sampling data conducted over 1 year (March 2018 to February 2019) in Nanjing. Results show that PM2.5 exhibits a distinct variation across different seasons, which is primarily driven by emissions, meteorological conditions, and the chemical conversion of gaseous pollutants. First, the chemical mass reconstruction shows that secondary inorganic aerosols (62.5 %) and carbonaceous aerosols (21.3 %) contributed most to the PM2.5 mass. The increasing oxidation rates of SO2 and NO2 from summer to winter indicate that the secondary transformation of gaseous pollutants is strongly positively correlated with relative humidity. Second, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method shows that identified PM2.5 sources include secondary inorganic aerosol source (SIS, 42.5 %), coal combustion (CC, 22.4 %), industry source (IS, 17.3 %), vehicle emission (VE, 10.7 %), fugitive dust (FD, 5.8 %), and other sources (1.3 %). The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and the concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis are used to further explore different spatial distributions and regional transport of sources. The concentrations (10–11 µg m−3) of SIS and CC distribute in Nanjing and central China in winter. The concentrations (8–10 µg m−3) of IS and VE are potentially located north of Jiangsu, Anhui, and Jiangxi. Finally, the health risk assessment indicates that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of toxic elements (Cr, As, Ni, Mn, V, and Pb) mainly come from IS, VE, and CC, which are within the tolerance or acceptable level. Although the main source of pollution in Nanjing is SIS at present, we should pay more attention to the health burden of vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and industrial processes.
High temporal resolution records of the velocity of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard
Authors: Błaszczyk Małgorzata , Luks Bartłomiej , Pętlicki Michał , Puczko Dariusz , Ignatiuk Dariusz , Laska Michał , Jania Jacek , Głowacki Piotr 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Monitoring changes in glacial dynamics is essential for understanding the environmental response to accelerated climate warming in the Arctic. However, geodetic surveys in polar regions continue to present considerable challenges because of the harsh environmental conditions and the polar night. This study records a 14–year–long time series (2006–2019) of GNSS surveys of the positions of 16 ablation stakes distributed across Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Svalbard. The measurements were conducted with an exceptionally high temporal resolution, from about one week to about one month, and covering altitudes ranging from 0 to 490 m asl. The position of one stake was surveyed every day. The primary data products consist of the stake coordinates and velocities. Time series of annual and seasonal velocities are also provided. This dataset may be a subject of further studies of glacier dynamics in relation to the long–term and seasonal impact of climate change on ice flow in the region. It also offers unique material for tuning numerical models of glacier dynamics and for validating satellite–derived products such as velocity and digital elevation models. The dataset described here has been made publicly available through the Zenodo repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8289380 (Błaszczyk et al., 2023).