bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Time is the Visual? Photography and the History of the Future
Authors: Pinney Christopher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPart of a broader inquiry that asks, “What time is the visual?” this article uses ethnographic observations and recent theoretical work to suggest that photography is as much future‐oriented as it is a zone for the preservation of the past. I document different temporal orientations of photographs, drawing on historical studio images featuring clocks and photographic paraphernalia and ethnographic research into memorial images in Nepal and central India. I embrace Ariella Azoulay and Karen Strassler's insights and critique the paradigms established by Pierre Bourdieu and John Tagg. The article concludes with an experiment with photography's prophetic and analytic potential to make visible an “anterior future” in relation to the Bhopal Union Carbide disaster of 1984.
Hemophagocytic syndrome in a cat with Mycoplasma haemofelis infection
Authors: Strandberg Natalia J. , Tang Karena M. , dos Santos Andrea P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA six‐year‐old, castrated male domestic shorthair cat was presented for a week‐long history of lethargy, acute anorexia, and adipsia. On presentation, the cat was weak with pale mucous membranes, open‐mouth breathing, and mild popliteal lymphadenomegaly. Routine bloodwork revealed bicytopenia due to marked non‐regenerative anemia and moderate thrombocytopenia; erythrocyte clumping was apparent on the blood smear, but no agglutination was noted on a saline dispersion test. Abdominal and thoracic imaging showed marked splenomegaly and multiple mildly enlarged lymph nodes. Aspirates from the bone marrow and spleen contained many erythrophagocytic macrophages and occasional lymphocytes containing engulfed erythrocytes. The macrophages also occasionally contained phagocytosed erythroid precursors, platelets, and leukocytes. A diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome was made based on the presence of bicytopenia and increased numbers of hemophagocytic macrophages in the spleen and bone marrow. Though no organisms were observed, Mycoplasma spp. infection was suspected and confirmed via PCR. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a hemophagocytic syndrome in a cat with Mycoplasma haemofelis. Lymphocyte engulfment of erythrocytes has been previously reported in a cat with M. haemofelis infection. Both hemophagocytic syndrome and engulfment of erythrocytes by lymphocytes should prompt testing for Mycoplasma spp. even with a lack of evident parasitemia.
Fumarate as positive modulator of allosteric transitions in the pentameric ligand‐gated ion channel GLIC: requirement of an intact vestibular pocket
Authors: Van Renterghem Catherine , Nemecz Ákos , Delarue‐Cochin Sandrine , Joseph Delphine , Corringer Pierre‐Jean 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGloeobacter violaceus ligand‐gated ion channel (GLIC) is a prokaryotic orthologue of brain pentameric neurotransmitter receptors. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology in a host cell line, we show that short‐chain dicarboxylate compounds are positive modulators of pHo 5‐evoked GLIC activity, with a rank order of action fumarate > succinate > malonate > glutarate. Potentiation by fumarate depends on intracellular pH, mainly as a result of a strong decrease of the pHo 5‐evoked current when intracellular pH decreases. The modulating effect of fumarate also depends on extracellular pH, as fumarate is a weak inhibitor at pHo 6 and shows no agonist action at neutral pHo. A mutational analysis of residue dependency for succinate and fumarate effects, based on two carboxylate‐binding pockets previously identified by crystallography (Fourati et al., 2020), shows that positive modulation involves both the inter‐subunit pocket, homologous to the neurotransmitter‐binding orthotopic site, and the intra‐subunit (also called vestibular) pocket. An almost similar pattern of mutational impact is observed for the effect of caffeate, a known negative modulator. We propose, for both dicarboxylate compounds and caffeate, a model where the inter‐subunit pocket is the actual binding site, and the region corresponding to the vestibular pocket is required either for inter‐subunit binding itself, or for binding‐to‐gating coupling during the allosteric transitions involved in pore‐gating modulation.
imageKey points
Using a bacterial orthologue of brain pentameric neurotransmitter receptors, we show that the orthotopic/orthosteric agonist site and the adjacent vestibular region are functionally interdependent in mediating compound‐elicited modulation. We propose that the two sites in the extracellular domain are involved ‘in series’, a mechanism which may have relevance for eukaryote receptors.
We show that short‐chain dicarboxylate compounds are positive modulators of the Gloeobacter violaceus ligand‐gated ion channel (GLIC). The most potent compound identified is fumarate, known to occupy the orthotopic/orthosteric site in previously published crystal structures.
We show that intracellular pH modulates GLIC allosteric transitions, as previously known for extracellular pH.
We report a caesium to sodium permeability ratio (PCs/PNa) of 0.54 for GLIC ion pore.
Sex‐specific effect of AQP9 deficiency on hepatic triglyceride metabolism in mice with diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Elnegaard Johanne Jul , Iena Francesco Maria , Herold Jacqueline , Lebeck Janne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudies in obese rats and human cell models of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease have indicated that knockdown of the hepatic glycerol channel aquaporin 9 (AQP9) leads to decreased hepatic steatosis. However, a study in leptin receptor‐deficient mice did not find that knockout (KO) of AQP9 alleviated hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high‐fat diet (HFD) on hepatic glycerol and triglyceride metabolism in male and female AQP9 KO mice. Male and female AQP9 KO mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates were fed a HFD for 12 weeks. Weight, food intake and blood glucose were monitored throughout the study and tissue analysis included determination of hepatic triglyceride content and triglyceride secretion. The expression of key molecules for hepatic glycerol and triglyceride metabolism was evaluated using qPCR and western blotting. AQP9 KO and WT mice demonstrated a similar weight gain throughout the study period, and we found no evidence for AQP9 deficiency being associated with a reduced hepatic accumulation of triglyceride or a reduced blood glucose level. Instead, we show that the effect of AQP9 deficiency on hepatic lipid metabolism is sex‐specific, with only male AQP9 KO mice having a reduced hepatic secretion of triglycerides and an elevated expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α. Male AQP9 KO mice had an elevated blood glucose level after 12 weeks of HFD when compared to baseline levels. Thus, we found no evidence for AQP9 inhibition being a target for alleviating the development of hepatic steatosis in mice with diet‐induced obesity.
imageKey points
This study investigates the effect of AQP9 deficiency on hepatic triglyceride metabolism in both male and female mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks.
No evidence was found for AQP9 deficiency being associated with a reduced hepatic accumulation of triglyceride or a reduced blood glucose level.
The effect of AQP9 deficiency on hepatic triglyceride metabolism is sex‐specific.
Male AQP9 KO mice had a reduced hepatic secretion of triglycerides and an elevated expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α, which likely promotes an increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation.
Male AQP9 KO had an elevated blood glucose level after 12 weeks of HFD when compared to baseline levels.
Numerical Investigation on the Characteristics of a Novel Multi-Swirl Lean Direct Injection Burner With Large Eddy Simulation-Flamelet Generated Manifold Method
Authors: Sarath Perikathra , Muruganandam Thiruchengode Mahalingam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The lean direct injection (LDI) concept can eventually replace the current combustion systems in aviation engines because of its low NOx emissions without compromising other parameters. A novel multiswirl LDI burner with distributed fuel injection surrounded by air- flow through multiple hexagonal swirlers of vane angle 45 deg was developed. In this study, large eddy simulation (LES), using the dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid model together with the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) combustion model, has been used to analyze the correlation between aerodynamics, mixing, and combustion characteristics of the burner. The agreement between the experimental data and the LES simulation was good, and it can accurately predict the trend of variables like velocity, temperature, and mixture fraction at different Reynolds number and equivalence ratios. The LES-FGM results demonstrated the rapid formation of a homogeneous fuel-air mixture over a short distance, which results in excellent flame stability, and it has ultralow NOx emission due to low flame temperature and negligible internal recirculation. It was discovered that going from a global equivalence ratio of 0.7 to 0.9 increases the flame liftoff distance because the high fuel volume flowrate causes the mixing of swirling air and fuel jet to become more and more delayed. The research in this paper provides an insight into the ability of the LES-FGM method to capture the complex flow field structures and the flame behavior globally of a novel low NOx multiswirl burner that might be a competitor in the combustors of commercial gas turbine engines.
Video laryngoscopy-assisted less-invasive surfactant administration quality improvement initiative
Authors: Kurepa Dalibor , Boyar Vitaliya , Predtechenska Olena , Gupta Venkata , Weinberger Barry , Pulju Margaret , Zaytseva Alla , Galanti Stephanie G , Kasniya Gangajal , Perveen Shahana 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the use of quality improvement methodology in transitioning from delivery of surfactant by INSURE (INtubation–SURfactant administration–Extubation) to video laryngoscope-assisted LISA (less-invasive surfactant administration) for infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) receiving non-invasive ventilatory support.SettingTwo large neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) at Northwell Health (New Hyde Park, New York, USA).Study populationInfants with RDS receiving continuous positive airway pressure in the NICU and eligible for surfactant administration.ResultsLISA was initiated in our NICUs in January 2021, after extensive guideline development, education programmes, hands-on training and provider credentialing. Our Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Timely aim was to deliver surfactant by LISA for 65% of total doses by 31 December 2021. This goal was achieved within 1 month of go-live. In total, 115 infants received at least one dose of surfactant during the year. Of those, 79 (69%) received it via LISA and 36 (31%) via INSURE. Two Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles contributed to improved adherence to guidelines on timely surfactant administration and both written and video documentation.ConclusionsSafe and effective introduction of LISA with the use of video laryngoscopy is achievable with careful planning, clear clinical guidelines, adequate hands-on training and comprehensive safety and quality control.
Neonatal and perinatal mortality in the urban continuum: a geospatial analysis of the household survey, satellite imagery and travel time data in Tanzania
Authors: Macharia Peter M , Beňová Lenka , Pinchoff Jessie , Semaan Aline , Pembe Andrea B , Christou Aliki , Hanson Claudia 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionRecent studies suggest that the urban advantage of lower neonatal mortality in urban compared with rural areas may be reversing, but methodological challenges include misclassification of neonatal deaths and stillbirths, and oversimplification of the variation in urban environments. We address these challenges and assess the association between urban residence and neonatal/perinatal mortality in Tanzania.MethodsThe Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2015–2016 was used to assess birth outcomes for 8915 pregnancies among 6156 women of reproductive age, by urban or rural categorisation in the DHS and based on satellite imagery. The coordinates of 527 DHS clusters were spatially overlaid with the 2015 Global Human Settlement Layer, showing the degree of urbanisation based on built environment and population density. A three-category urbanicity measure (core urban, semi-urban and rural) was defined and compared with the binary DHS measure. Travel time to the nearest hospital was modelled using least-cost path algorithm for each cluster. Bivariate and multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to explore associations between urbanicity and neonatal/perinatal deaths.ResultsBoth neonatal and perinatal mortality rates were highest in core urban and lowest in rural clusters. Bivariate models showed higher odds of neonatal death (OR=1.85; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.08) and perinatal death (OR=1.60; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.30) in core urban compared with rural clusters. In multivariable models, these associations had the same direction and size, but were no longer statistically significant. Travel time to the nearest hospital was not associated with neonatal or perinatal mortality.ConclusionAddressing high rates of neonatal and perinatal mortality in densely populated urban areas is critical for Tanzania to meet national and global reduction targets. Urban populations are diverse, and certain neighbourhoods or subgroups may be disproportionately affected by poor birth outcomes. Research must capture, understand and minimise risks specific to urban settings.
Emerging technologies and global health: a systematic review generating bibliometric evidence for innovation management
Authors: Wu Sheng , Junior Bernardo Mariano 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo obtain quantitative evidence for innovation management on Emerging Technologies and Global Health from existing scientific research with a bibliometric approach.DesignThis study generates quantitative evidence for healthcare innovation policy making, offering new insights: first, innovation quality can be measured through dynamic interactions among key innovation elements; second, as emerging technologies are impacting global health in an interdisciplinary and fast-changing manner, new theories and tools that suit the planetary innovation ecosystem need to be established. The evidence contains two aspects, the intellectual base and the research front. The software used is Citespace V.6.1.R3 and Python.Data sourceThis study scanned the Web of Science Core Collection with an extensive range of research themed around emerging technologies and global health, resulting in a dataset of 9738 items of science literature between 2017 and 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThis dataset contains literature across sciences and social sciences in the form of journal research articles, excluding systematic reviews and surveys. The search includes literature in all languages.ResultsThis study presents the landscape of emerging technology and global health, depicts the quality of innovation, and reveals the innovation trends. It demonstrates the major players and major sources of innovation, captures innovation foci and detects research blanks.ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis, which is conducted on scientific research, outlines the quality and impact of innovation in Emerging Technologies and Global Health. It shows the importance of Research and Development for generating quantitative evidence for innovation management policy making.
Observational study comparing heart rate in crying and non-crying but breathing infants at birth
Authors: Kukka Antti Juhani , Berkelhamer Sara K , Eilevstjønn Joar , Wood Thomas Ragnar , Basnet Omkar , KC Ashish 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundStimulating infants to elicit a cry at birth is common but could result in unnecessary handling. We evaluated heart rate in infants who were crying versus non-crying but breathing immediately after birth.MethodsThis was single-centre observational study of singleton, vaginally born infants at ≥33 weeks of gestation. Infants who werecryingornon-crying but breathingwithin 30 s after birth were included. Background demographic data and delivery room events were recorded using tablet-based applications and synchronised with continuous heart rate data recorded by a dry-electrode electrocardiographic monitor. Heart rate centile curves for the first 3 min of life were generated with piecewise regression analysis. Odds of bradycardia and tachycardia were compared using multiple logistic regression.Results1155 crying and 54 non-crying but breathing neonates were included in the final analyses. There were no significant differences in the demographic and obstetric factors between the cohorts. Non-crying but breathing infants had higher rates of early cord clamping <60 s after birth (75.9% vs 46.5%) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (13.0% vs 4.3%). There were no significant differences in median heart rates between the cohorts. Non-crying but breathing infants had higher odds of bradycardia (heart rate <100 beats/min, adjusted OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.34 to 5.17) and tachycardia (heart rate ≥200 beats/min, adjusted OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.50 to 5.47).ConclusionInfants who are quietly breathing but do not cry after birth have an increased risk of both bradycardia and tachycardia, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.Trial registration numberISRCTN18148368.
Trajectories in physical functioning by occupational class among retiring women: the significance of type of retirement and social and health-related factors
Authors: Lallukka Tea , Lahelma Eero , Pietiläinen Olli , Kuivalainen Susan , Laaksonen Mikko , Rahkonen Ossi , Lahti Jouni 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundOccupational class inequalities in physical functioning and their changes after retirement are poorly understood. We examined occupational class trajectories in physical functioning 10 years before and after transition to old-age and disability retirement. We included working conditions and behavioural risk factors as covariates, given their established link to health and retirement.MethodsWe used the Helsinki Health Study cohort data from surveys 2000–2002 to 2017, and included 3901 women, who were employed by the City of Helsinki, Finland, and retired during the follow-up. Mixed-effect growth curve models were used to examine changes in RAND-36 Physical Functioning subscale (range 0–100) 10 years before and after the retirement date by occupational class.ResultsOld-age (n=3073) and disability retirees (n=828) lacked class differences in physical functioning 10 years before retirement. By retirement transition, physical functioning declined and class inequalities emerged, the predicted scores being 86.1 (95% CI 85.2 to 86.9) for higher class and 82.2 (95% CI 81.5 to 83.0) for lower class old-age retirees, and 70.3 (95% CI 67.8 to 72.9) for higher class and 62.2 (95% CI 60.4 to 63.9) for lower class disability retirees. Physical functioning declined and class inequalities slightly widened among old-age retirees after the retirement, whereas among disability retirees the decline plateaued and class inequalities narrowed over time after retirement. Physical work and body mass index somewhat attenuated the class inequalities after adjustment.ConclusionsClass inequalities in physical functioning widened after old-age retirement and narrowed after disability retirement. The examined work and health-related factors contributed weakly to the inequalities.
Suicide rates in the UK Armed Forces, compared with the general workforce and merchant shipping during peacetime years since 1900
Authors: Roberts Stephen E , John A , Carter T , G Williams J 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThe main objective was to compare suicide rates and their trends across the three UK Armed forces (Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force) from 1900 to 2020. Further objectives were to compare suicide rates with those in the corresponding general population and in UK merchant shipping and to discuss preventative measures.MethodsExamination of annual mortality reports and returns, death inquiry files and official statistics. The main outcome measure was the suicide rate per 100 000 population employed.ResultsSince 1990, there have been significant reductions in suicide rates in each of the Armed Forces, although a non-significant increase in the Army since 2010. Compared with the corresponding general population, during the most recent decade from 2010 up to 2020, suicide rates were 73% lower in the Royal Air Force, 56% lower in the Royal Navy and 43% lower in the Army. Suicide rates have been significantly decreased in the Royal Air Force since the 1950s, in the Royal Navy since the 1970s and in the Army since the 1980s (comparisons for the Royal Navy and the Army were not available from the late 1940s to the 1960s).During the earliest decades from 1900 to the 1930s, suicide rates in the Armed Forces were mostly quite similar or moderately increased compared with the general population, but far lower than in merchant shipping. Following legislative changes in the last 30 years, suicide rates through poisoning by gases and through firearms or explosives have fallen sharply.ConclusionsThe study shows that suicide rates in the Armed Forces have been lower than in the general population over many decades. The sharp reductions in suicide rates over the last 30 years suggest the effectiveness of recent preventative measures, including reductions in access to a method of suicide and well-being initiatives.
Palliative care teaching in the new internal medicine curriculum: Project ECHO–an innovative approach to postgraduate education
Authors: Lee Gemma Claire , Kyeremateng Sam , Taylor Paul , Jones Colin , Hammond Peter , McTague Laura 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe Internal Medicine Training (IMT) Programme is an evolution of Core Medical Training introduced in 2019. The IMT curriculum places an increased emphasis on palliative care; however, access to palliative care training is variable. Project ECHO (Extension of Community Healthcare Outcomes) develops communities of practice and is a valuable tool for medical education. We report on an evaluation of Project ECHO to deliver palliative medicine training across a geographically large deanery in the North of England.MethodsThe Project ECHO training programme involved multipoint video technology, telementoring, expert talks and case-based discussions over six sessions, and was fully mapped to the palliative care component of the IMT curriculum. We collected data particularly around attendance and self-reported confidence and knowledge.ResultsBy creating a community of practice, we provided virtual placements and over 9 hours of virtual direct contact with palliative medicine consultants; and in total, 921 individual attendances occurred, with 62% attending all six sessions. The course was associated with an increase in self-reported confidence and high satisfaction.DiscussionProject ECHO is an effective method of delivering teaching to trainees across a large geographical area. Course evaluation shows outstanding results in trainee satisfaction, confidence, knowledge, patient care, clinical skills and reduction in fear when managing death and dying.