bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autism spectrum disorder symptom expression in individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome
Authors: Pollak Rebecca M. , Pincus Jordan E. , Burrell T. Lindsey , Cubells Joseph F. , Klaiman Cheryl , Murphy Melissa M. , Saulnier Celine A. , Walker Elaine F. , White Stormi Pulver , Mulle Jennifer G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The 1.6 Mb 3q29 deletion is associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including a 19-fold increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous work by our team identified elevated social disability in this population via parent-report questionnaires. However, clinical features of ASD in this population have not been explored in detail.

Methods
Thirty-one individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del, 61.3% male) were evaluated using two gold-standard clinical ASD evaluations: the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2), and the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R). Four matched comparators for each subject were ascertained from the National Database for Autism Research. Item-level scores on the ADOS-2 and ADI-R were compared between subjects with 3q29del and matched comparators.

Results
Subjects with 3q29del and no ASD (3q29del-ASD) had greater evidence of social disability compared to typically developing (TD) comparison subjects across the ADOS-2. Subjects with 3q29del and ASD (3q29del + ASD) were largely indistinguishable from non-syndromic ASD (nsASD) subjects on the ADOS-2. 3q29del + ASD performed significantly better on social communication on the ADI-R than nsASD (3q29 + ASD mean = 11.36; nsASD mean = 15.70; p = 0.01), and this was driven by reduced deficits in nonverbal communication (3q29 + ASD mean = 1.73; nsASD mean = 3.63; p = 0.03). 3q29del + ASD reported significantly later age at the first two-word phrase compared to nsASD (3q29del + ASD mean = 43.89 months; nsASD mean = 37.86 months; p = 0.01). However, speech delay was not related to improved nonverbal communication in 3q29del + ASD.

Limitations
There were not enough TD comparators with ADI-R data in NDAR to include in the present analysis. Additionally, our relatively small sample size made it difficult to assess race and ethnicity effects.

Conclusions
3q29del is associated with significant social disability, irrespective of ASD diagnosis. 3q29del + ASD have similar levels of social disability to nsASD, while 3q29del-ASD have significantly increased social disability compared to TD individuals. However, social communication is reasonably well preserved in 3q29del + ASD relative to nsASD. It is critical that verbal ability and social disability be examined separately in this population to ensure equal access to ASD and social skills evaluations and services.
Rare virilizing tumor: ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified: a case report
Authors: Lobaton-Ginsberg Miry , Malanco-Hernández Luz María , Ferreira-Hermosillo Aldo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Ovarian steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified is a rare sex cord-stromal tumor. Almost 60% of all steroid cell tumors are categorized as not otherwise specified and represent less than 0.1% of all ovarian neoplasm. Some of them are endocrinologically active, producing virilization signs in young women. The recommended treatment is primarily surgical.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 20-year-old Mexican woman with secondary amenorrhea and virilization signs. She was treated with combined oral contraceptives from 13 years old, due to a misdiagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. However, 4 months after stopping medication, amenorrhea and virilization signs worsened. Biochemically, she had high serum total testosterone and free testosterone levels, and a pelvic and transvaginal ultrasound followed by a pelvic tomography scan demonstrated a right adnexal tumor. She underwent right salpingo-oophorectomy and the histopathological and immunochemistry exams confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was followed for a year after surgery and until then, her menses were regular and she had no recurrence of virilization signs.

Conclusion
The purpose of this case report is to alert physicians to rule out ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified diagnosis in young women with increased testosterone after discarding common causes such as polycystic ovarian syndrome. A multidisciplinary team including a gynecologist, endocrinologist, radiologist, and pathologist should be involved for correct diagnosis at the proper time.
Direct cost of cochlear implants in Germany – a strategic simulation
Authors: Thum Christin , Lenarz Thomas , Fleßa Steffen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the current undersupply of cochlear implants (CIs) with simultaneously increasing indication, CI implantation numbers in Germany still are at a relatively low level.

Methods
As there are hardly any solid forecasts available in the literature, we develop a System Dynamics model that forecasts the number and costs of CI implantations in adults for 40 years from a social health insurance (SHI) perspective.

Results
CI demand will grow marginally by demographic changes causing average annual costs of about 538 million €. Medical-technical progress with following relaxed indication criteria and patients’ increasing willingness for implantation will increase implantation numbers significantly with average annual costs of 765 million €.

Conclusion
CI demand by adults will increase in the future, thus will the costs for CI supply. Continuous research and development in CI technology and supply is crucial to ensure long-term financing of the growing CI demand through cost-reducing innovations.
Health state utility values for metastatic pancreatic cancer using a composite time trade-off based on the vignette-based approach in Japan
Authors: Takumoto Yuki , Sasahara Yuriko , Narimatsu Hiroto , Murata Tatsunori , Akazawa Manabu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds
Limited information is available on the utility values of metastatic pancreatic cancer, focusing on different health statuses, selected chemotherapy, and related grades 1/2 and 3/4 adverse events (AEs). We evaluated Japanese societal-based health-related utility values for metastatic pancreatic cancer by considering different grade toxicities commonly associated with chemotherapy using the vignette-based method.

Methods
We developed health status scenarios for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy and conducted utility research using the developed scenarios in four steps: ‘literature review,’ ‘exploratory interview,’ ‘content validation’, and ‘utility research’. In the development process, to consider the impact of AEs of chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer on health state utility values, we selected neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and neuropathy as representative AEs. Each AE was classified as either grade 1/2 or 3/4. We confirmed our created scenarios through cognitive interviews with the general population and clinical experts to validate the content. Finally, we developed 11 scenarios for using ‘utility research,’ evaluated in a societal-based valuation study using the face-to-face method. Participants for ‘utility research’ were the general population, and they evaluated these scenarios in the composite time trade-off (cTTO) and visual analog scale (VAS) of the European quality of life (EuroQol) valuation technology to derive health state utility scores.

Results
Of 220 responders who completed this survey, 201 were adapted into the analysis population. Stable disease with no AEs (reference state) had a mean utility value of 0.653 using cTTO. The lowest mean utility score in the stable state was 0.242 (stable disease + grade 3/4 vomiting). VAS results ranged from 0.189 to 0.468, depending on the various grades of AEs in stable disease. In addition, grade 3/4 AEs and grade 1/2 nausea/vomiting were associated with significantly greater disutility. Utility values were also strongly influenced by the direct impact of AE on physical symptoms, severity and their experience. In addition, 95.9% of the respondents agreed that they understood the questions in the post-response questionnaire.

Conclusions
We clarified the health state utility values of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer based on the general population in Japan. The effect on utilities should be considered not only for serious AEs, but also for minor AEs.
Antibiotic use in township hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shandong, China
Authors: Wang Ting , Shen Liyan , Yin Jia , Zhou Liansheng , Sun Qiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The overuse of antibiotics in primary healthcare settings (PHSs) has caused a serious public health problem in China. The outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about dramatic changes in the supply of and demand for medical services in PHSs, possibly resulting in unprecedented changes in antibiotic use.

Objective
This study aims to assess the immediate and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the changes in antibiotic consumption in PHSs.

Method
The data on antibiotic consumption were collected from selected township hospitals in Shandong, China from January 2019 to December 2021. Antibiotic consumption was quantified by using the defined daily doses (DDDs) and the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve category. A segmented regression model was established to analyze the immediate and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic use by using the interrupted time series analysis.

Results
The overall antibiotic consumption in all PHSs decreased by 32.04% and 16.69% in 2020 and 2021 respectively compared to the corresponding period in 2019. Over the entire study period, the use of penicillins (J01C) and cephalosporins (J01D) accounted for more than 50% of the total antibiotic consumption. The average annual consumption of Watch category antibiotics decreased by 42.02% and 33.47% in 2020 and 2021 respectively compared to that in 2019. According to the interrupted time series analysis, the total antibiotic consumption decreased significantly immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak (coef. = − 2.712, p = 0.045), but it then increased significantly over a long-term (coef. = 0.205, p = 0.005). Additionally, the consumption of Access category antibiotics increased significantly in PHSs in the long-term (coef. = 0.136, p = 0.018). However, the consumption of Watch category antibiotics declined sharply immediately after the pandemic (coef. = − 1.222, p < 0.001), but then it increased slightly over a long-term (coef. = 0.073, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The extensive use of penicillin and cephalosporins should be of great concern. After the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the total antibiotic consumption decreased generally and the use pattern was improved to some extent in the PHSs in Shandong, China. This provides an opportunity for improving the misuse of antibiotics in PHSs in China.
Sequence optimization and multiple gene-targeting improve the inhibitory efficacy of exogenous double-stranded RNA against pepper mottle virus in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Kweon Yujin , Fang Miao , Shin Sang-Yoon , Lee Dowhan , Kim Kook-Hyung , Shin Chanseok 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDouble-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced RNA interference is a promising agricultural technology for crop protection against various pathogens. Recent advances in this field have enhanced the overall efficiency with which this approach inhibits pathogenic viruses. Our previous study verified that treatment ofNicotiana benthamianaplants with dsRNAs targeting helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) and nuclear inclusion b (NIb) genes protected the plant from pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) infection. The aim of this study was to improve the inhibitory efficacy of dsRNAs by optimizing the target sequences and their length and by targeting multiple genes via co-treatment of dsRNAs. Each of the two targeting dsRNAs were divided into three shorter compartments and we found thatHC-Pro:mid-1st andNIb:mid-3rd showed significantly superior antiviral potency than the other fragments, including the parent dsRNA. In addition, we confirmed that the co-treatment of two dsRNAs targetingHC-ProandNIbproduced a greater inhibition of PepMoV replication than that obtained from individual dsRNA treatment. Complementing our previous study, this study will provide future directions for designing dsRNAs and enhancing their efficiency in dsRNA-mediated RNA interference technologies.
Authenti-City
Authors: Donner Luca , Sorcinelli Francesca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe new global cities and megacities, which are generally planned and built as result of political decisions and fast economic growth, are considered artificial and "false" in their nature. This widespread perception arises from a cognitive dissociation between the notions of authenticity and identity in relation to memory, time and the city’s own sedimentation. This perceived dichotomy is illustrated in the literature across the disciplines. Building on the work of Calvino, Burckhardt, Augé, Jacobs, Lynch, and others, this paper examines this question through the lens of sociology, architecture, literature, and philosophy. The goal of this dissertation, by means of dialectics, is to show how every city, even the most recent ones in terms of foundation and development, should be considered authentic. This paper argues that every city is a physical and socio-phenomenological expression of its residents. To support the study’s thesis, the city of Dubai will be closely examined. Dubai is a city that has all the elements that contribute to this collective vision, as well as the reasons for refuting it. In conclusion, this article will demonstrate that people are the driving force of a city, including more recent cities. It will further show that the built environment is only a base or matrix in support of the “Authentic-City,” a city made by people for people.
What do integrated STEM projects look like in middle school and high school classrooms? A systematic literature review of empirical studies of iSTEM projects
Authors: McLure Felicity I. , Tang Kok-Sing , Williams P. John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe past 20 years has seen a growing focus on the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (iSTEM) disciplines in schools to provide students with authentic experiences in solving real-world problems. A frequently stated aim for iSTEM projects has been increasing engagement and interest in pursuing STEM subjects in senior high school and tertiary studies. In order to better understand the iSTEM projects’ landscape in school classes, this systematic literature review analysed empirical studies of integrated STEM projects carried out in secondary schools to answer the following questions: What are the characteristics of the projects described and to what extent do these projects reflect characteristics of effective STEM projects; and to what extent does research into iSTEM projects in classrooms investigate specific methods of integration of STEM domains? Thirty-five peer-reviewed publications were identified from database searches that met the following inclusion criteria: (a) integrating two or more of the STEM areas, (b) middle/high school education and (c) explicitly describing the research intervention. The review revealed a diversity of iSTEM approaches in the literature, with Engineering and Science, particularly Physics, the most commonly integrated fields. Concerns are raised about the degree to which projects are relevant to students and their context and address the diversity found within student cohorts. A gap was found in the literature in detailing how teachers and students enact integration of STEM skills in these projects.
Segmentation and Pre-processing of Interstitial Lung Disease using Deep Learning Model
Authors: Yadlapalli Priyanka , Bhavana D. 
Published: December 2022

Medical image processing involves using and examining 3D human body images, which are most frequently acquired through a computed tomography scanner, to diagnose disorders. Medical image process- ing helps radiologists, engineers, and clinicians better comprehend the anatomy of specific patients or groups of patients. Due to recent advancements in deep learn ing techniques, the study of medical image analysis is now a quickly expanding area of research. Interstitial Lung Disease is a chronic lung disease that worsens with time. This condition cannot be completely treated when the lungs have been damaged. Early detection, on the other hand, aids in the control of the disease. It causes lung scarring as a result. The first methodology characterizes lung tissue utilizing first order statistics, grey live occurrence, run length matrices, and fractal analysis. It was suggested by Uppaluri et al in one instance. In the pre-processing step, patients' CT scans are presented using various color map models for better understanding of data-set. and also for determining the patients final Force Vital Capacity and Confidence values using a Pytorch model with leaky relu activation function. These variables can be used to determine whether a person has a disease. Segmentation is a crucial stage in employing a computer assisted diagnosis system to estimate interstitial lung disease. Accurate segmentation of aberrant lung is essential for a trustworthy computer-aided illness diagnosis. Using separate training, validation, and test sets, we proposed an efficient deep learning model using Unet architecture and Densenet121 to segment lungs with Interstitial Lung Disease. The proposed segmentation model distinguishes the exact lung region from the ct slice background. To train and evaluate the algo rithm, 176 sparsely annotated Computed Tomography scans were utilized. The training was completed in a supervised and end to end manner. Contrary to current approaches, the suggested method yields accurate segmentation results without the requirement for re-initialization. We were able to achieve an accuracy of 92.59 percent after training the proposed model with Nvidia's CUDA GPU.
Review and comparison of MHD wave characteristics at the Sun and in Earth’s magnetosphere
Authors: Chelpanov Maksim , Anfinogentov Sergey , Kostarev Danila , Mikhailova Olga , Rubtsov Aleksandr , Fedenev Viktor , Chelpanov Andrei 
Published: December 2022

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves play a crucial role in the plasma processes of stellar atmospheres and planetary magnetospheres. Wave phenomena in both media are known to have similarities and unique traits typical of each system.
MHD waves and related phenomena in magnetospheric and solar physics are studied largely independently of each other, despite the similarity in properties of these media and the common physical foundations of wave generation and propagation. A unified approach to studying MHD waves in the Sun and Earth's magnetosphere opens up prospects for further progress in these two fields.
The review examines the current state of research into MHD waves in the Sun’s atmosphere and Earth's magnetosphere. It outlines the main features of the wave propagation media: their structure, scales, and typical parameters. We describe the main theoretical models applied to wave behavior studies; discuss their advantages and limitations; compare characteristics of MHD waves in the Sun’s atmosphere and Earth’s magnetosphere; and review observation methods and tools to obtain information on waves in various media.
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors - new therapeutic strategies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a literature review
Authors: Nowicka Emilia , Obel Michał , Panuciak Kinga , Mastalerczyk Angelika , Czyżak Kamila , Lejman Jan , Makowska Karolina , Wiśniewski Wiktor 
Published: December 2022

The use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors has recently increased as a result of demonstrating their superior efficacy compared to traditional chemotherapy in various cancer subtypes in many preclinical studies and clinical trials. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PARP and their underlying foci that can be used as screening markers for potential new therapeutic options would aid rational treatment strategies and improve long-term patient outcomes. The available data on acute leukemia suggest potential windows for effective treatment of PARPi in disease subgroups. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the most common PARP-based adjuvant therapies and combination strategies for the treatment of acute leukemia and discuss the future prospects and challenges of therapy with PARP inhibitors. We also discuss reports describing an increased risk of cancer treatment in patients receiving PARP inhibitors for solid tumors.
The research material were publications, the search was carried out using a combination of keywords such as: "PARP inhibitor", "acute leukemia", "therapy", "PARP clinical trials". The first step was to find relevant publications from the last 15 years. The second step was to review the publications found.
Studies have shown that PARP inhibitors play an increasing role in the treatment of leukemia. In addition, focusing research efforts on identifying the most effective drug combinations and sequences could help to further shape the role of PARPi in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Prehabilitation and nutritional interventions - an interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Zdankiewicz Alicja , Konaszczuk Wiktoria , Pawłowski Piotr , Kościołek Aneta 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Nutrition is defined as the acquisition of exogenous nutrients. It is a basic need of a living organism. Malnutrition has become a problem for hospitalized patients, especially in the surgical ward. The condition leads to the deterioration of the patient's clinical performance and quality of life. Ongoing nursing interventions, particularly the use of parenteral or enteral nutrition, can reduce the risk of complications resulting from the inadequate nutrient supply.

Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to analyze nutritional problems in the practice of a surgical nurse.

Material and method: A non-systematic review of the available literature on nutritional problems published in the last seven years (2015 - 2022) was conducted. Databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed were searched, using the following keywords: nutritional problems, malnutrition, nutritional treatment, surgical nursing, and hospital malnutrition.

Sixteen original and review papers were eligible for analysis. The criteria for qualifying articles for review were title, abstract content, keywords, and topics related to nutrition problems in the context of nursing practice.

Results and conclusions: Malnutrition is a serious problem in clinical practice. Standardized scales NRS 2002, MUST, and MNA are used to correctly diagnose this problem. The nurse's role in caring for a patient with a nutritional deficit is to monitor the patient's condition, take anthropometric measurements and collect materials for diagnostic tests. This allows the correct selection of nutritional treatment individually for the patient.