bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐phase temporal dynamics in random number generation
Authors: Yang Haiming , Bao Yan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract“Inhibition of return” (IOR) was originally described in the field of spatial attention, but it has also been observed in random number generation tasks. Subjects showed a tendency of “repetition avoidance,” which can be considered as equivalent to IOR in another cognitive domain. As temporal factors have been suspected to play an important role in random number generation, we aimed to examine how such factors might influence regularities such as repetition avoidance in random number generation tasks. Participants were instructed to verbally generate a sequence of numbers at a certain pace, that is, with either 0.5, 1.5, 3 or 4 s between each response. Each number in the sequence should have the same probability of appearance and should be independent from the others. However, it was observed that the human‐generated sequences differed drastically from computer‐simulated pseudo‐random sequences. The distribution of the repetition gap, which indicates how many different numbers are reported between two identical numbers in the generated sequences, showed a “three‐phase” characteristic: a phase of avoidance of the same number, an oscillatory component for coming back to the same number, and finally an exponential decay of number selection frequencies. This three‐phase characteristic was independent of the time interval between responses. These observations indicate an item‐based process in random number generation, making a time‐based control in this task rather unlikely as has been hypothetically assumed.
Glutamine supplementation alleviated aortic atherosclerosis in mice model and in vitro
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Chunxiu , Sun Haichen , Zhou Tian , Ma Chang , Han Xuexue , Zhang Tianxing , Xia Jinggang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the role of glutamine in atherosclerosis and its participating mechanism. Forty C57BL/6J mice were divided into wild control (wild Con), ApoE−/− control (ApoE−/− Con), glutamine + ApoE−/−control (Glut + ApoE−/− Con), ApoE−/− high fat diet (ApoE−/− HFD), and glutamine + ApoE−/− HFD (Glut + ApoE−/− HFD) groups. The degree of atherosclerosis, western blotting, and multiomics were detected at 18 weeks. An in vitro study was also performed. Glutamine treatment significantly decreased the degree of aortic atherosclerosis (p = 0.03). O‐GlcNAcylation (O‐GlcNAc), IL‐1β, IL‐1α, and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the ApoE−/− HFD group were significantly higher than those in the ApoE−/− Con group (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05), and aggravated by O‐GlcNA transferase (OGT) overexpression in the in vitro study (p < 0.05). Multiomics showed that the ApoE−/− HFD group had higher levels of oxidative stress regulatory molecules (guanine deaminase [GUAD], xanthine dehydrogenase [XDH]), proinflammatory regulatory molecules (myristic acid and myristoleic acid), and stress granules regulatory molecules (caprin‐1 and deoxyribose‐phosphate aldolase [DERA]) (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05). We conclude that glutamine supplementation might alleviate atherosclerosis through downregulation of O‐GlcNAc, glycolysis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory pathway.
Comparing and integrating TMT‐SPS‐MS3 and label‐free quantitative approaches for proteomics scrutiny in recalcitrant Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel tissue during postharvest period
Authors: Bautista‐Valle Mirna V. , Camacho‐Vazquez Carolina , Elizalde‐Contreras José M. , Monribot‐Villanueva Juan Luis , Limón Abraham M. Vidal , Bojórquez‐Velázquez Esaú , Zamora‐Briseño Jesús Alejandro , Jorrin‐Novo Jesús V. , Ruiz‐May Eliel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite substantial advances in the use of proteomic technologies, their widespread application in fruit tissues of non‐model and recalcitrant species remains limited. This hampers the understanding of critical molecular events during the postharvest period of fleshy tropical fruits. Therefore, we evaluated label‐free quantitation (LFQ) and TMT‐SPS‐MS3 (TMT) approaches to analyse changes in the protein profile of mango peels during postharvest period. We compared two extraction methods (phenol and chloroform/methanol) and two peptide fractionation schemes (SCX and HPRP). We accurately identified 3065 proteins, of which, 1492 were differentially accumulated over at 6 days after harvesting (DAH). Both LFQ and TMT approaches share 210 differential proteins including cell wall proteins associated with fruit softening, as well as aroma and flavour‐related proteins, which were increased during postharvest period. The phenolic protein extraction and the high‐pH reverse‐phase peptide fractionation was the most effective pipeline for relative quantification. Nevertheless, the information provided by the other tested strategies was significantly complementary. Besides, LFQ spectra allowed us to track down intact N‐glycopeptides corroborating N‐glycosylations on the surface of a desiccation‐related protein. This work represents the largest proteomic comparison of mango peels during postharvest period made so far, shedding light on the molecular foundation of edible fruit during ripening.
Back to the future: Using ancient Bere barley landraces for a sustainable future
Authors: Martin Peter , Russell Joanne , Wishart John , Brown Lawrie K. , Wallace Michael , Iannetta Pietro P. M. , George Timothy S. 
Published: September 2023

Societal Impact StatementBere is an ancient barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that was once widely grown in northern Britain, where its ability to grow on poor soils and under challenging climatic conditions made it a valuable staple. By the end of the 20th century, Bere had largely been replaced by higher‐yielding modern varieties and only survived in cultivation on a few Scottish islands. This article reviews the recent revival of Bere, driven by its use in high‐value food and drink products and multidisciplinary research into its genetics, valuable sustainability traits and potential for developing resilient barley varieties.SummaryIn Britain, modern cereal varieties have mostly replaced landraces. A remarkable exception occurs on several Scottish islands where Bere, an ancient 6‐row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), is grown as a monocrop or in mixtures. In the Outer Hebrides, the mixture is grown for animal feed, and cultivating it with traditional practices is integral to the conservation of Machair, an important coastal dune ecosystem. In Orkney, Bere is grown as a monocrop, and in situ conservation has recently been strengthened by improved agronomy and new markets for grain to produce unique foods and beverages from beremeal (flour) and malt. In parallel, a recently assembled collection of British and North European barley landraces has allowed the genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of Bere and several associated multidisciplinary studies. Genotyping demonstrated Bere's unique identity compared with most other barleys in the collection, indicating an earlier introduction to Scotland than the Norse settlement (c. 9th century AD) suggested previously. Valuable traits found in some Bere accessions include disease resistance, an early heading date (reflecting a short period from sowing to harvest), the ability to grow on marginal, high pH soils deficient in manganese and tolerance to salinity stress. These traits would have been important in the past for grain production under the region's challenging soil and Atlantic‐maritime climatic conditions. We discuss these results within the context of Bere as a genetic, heritage and commercial resource and as a future source of sustainability traits for barley improvement.
Physically based stochastic perturbations improve a high‐resolution forecast of convection
Authors: Puh Matjaž , Keil Christian , Gebhardt Christoph , Marsigli Chiara , Hirt Mirjam , Jakub Fabian , Craig George C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA physically based stochastic perturbation (PSP) scheme has been implemented in the convection‐permitting ICON‐D2 ensemble prediction system at Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) and run for a three‐month trial experiment in summer 2021. The scheme mimics the impact of boundary‐layer turbulence on the smallest resolved scales and impacts convective precipitation in particular. A weather‐regime‐dependent systematic evaluation shows that PSP efficiently increases ensemble spread of precipitation in weak synoptic forcing, while producing realistic convective structures. During strong forcing, the effect of the scheme is negligible, as expected by design. A probabilistic verification shows improvements in the forecast skill of other variables as well, especially the spread‐to‐skill ratio, but identifies starting points for further improvements of the method.
Military unmanned aerial vehicle operations through the lens of a high‐reliability system: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Steen Riana , Håheim‐Saers Nils , Aukland Gina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of regulations and standard procedures on safety outcomes in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations, specifically focussing on Norwegian military UAV systems, from a high‐reliability organization (HRO) perspective. By analyzing data from existing regulations, accident reports, and interviews with military drone pilots using thematic analysis, we identify key recurring themes. Our findings highlight the importance of fatigue and exhaustion due to the absence of regulations on resting time for military drone pilots. This poses substantial risks and increases the likelihood of accidents and incidents in UAV operations. Additionally, we uncover gaps in safety reporting and accountability for military UAV pilots, indicating the need for improved reporting procedures that consider the unique operational elements of UAVs. Effective communication between stakeholders, including drone pilots, ground crew, and air traffic controllers, emerges as a critical factor in maintaining situational awareness. This emphasis on communication is consistent with HRO principles and supports the essential safety tasks of UAV pilots, namely sense‐making, decision making, and performance. By uncovering the impact of regulations and operational procedures on safety outcomes and addressing fatigue in UAV operations, this research contributes to enhancing the safety and reliability of Norwegian military UAV systems.
Detection of Flunitrazepam in Biological Fluids and Beverages:A Review
Authors: Chen Siyu , Huang Weibo , Qiu Yunliang , Zhang Xueji , Kong Jinming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFlunitrazepam, a very potent benzodiazepine with sedative, hypnotic and amnesic effects, is commonly used to treat severe insomnia and as an anesthetic. Due to these characteristics, when flunitrazepam is sneaked into alcohol or drinks, it is often highly associated with violent behavior and drug rape cases. Therefore, it is also known as a “date rape drug”, and the detection of flunitrazepam and its metabolites is of great interest in forensic medicine and pharmacotoxicology. This paper describes the mechanism of action and drug metabolism process of flunitrazepam, reviews the different methods for detecting flunitrazepam published over the years, summarizes the detection limits of each method and compares their advantages and disadvantages. We hope to provide some inspiration for future research in this field.
Organocatalytic [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction: Synthesis of Fully Decorated Sulfonyl 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Potent EGFR Targeting Anticancer Agents**
Authors: Reddy Dodlapati Venkat , Madhukar Reddy Tatipelly , Azam Mohammad , Min Kim , Narsimha Sirassu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA general strategy was developed for the synthesis of new fully decorated sulfonyl1,2,3‐triazolyl imidazoles from β‐ketosulfones and several aryl sulfonyl azides using the ramachary organocatalytic cycloaddition method. Organocatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of β‐ketosulfone acts as an internal alkyne, as reported for the synthesis of sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazolyl imidazoles at 80 °C in good to excellent yields of products in the presence of catalytic amounts of pyrrolidine (10 mol %). In vitro anticancer activity of all these derivatives revealed that four compounds like 4‐((5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) sulfonyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)sulfonyl) benzonitrile, 5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)‐1‐((4‐nitro phenyl) sulfonyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole,4‐((4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) sulfonyl)‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)sulfonyl)benzonitrile, and 1‐((4‐chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) sulfonyl)‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole was active against three human cancer cell lines: MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and A‐549. Later, the results of the inhibitory assay of potent compounds against the tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor revealed that compounds 1‐((4‐chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole and 1‐((4‐chlorophenyl) sulfonyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) sulfonyl)‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole showed more potency than the reference drug erlotinib.
2,2’‐Bipyridine‐Derived Cobalt‐Based Porous Coordination Polymers for Selective Degradation of Anionic Dyes
Authors: Goyal Shivani , Jacob Josemon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract2,2’‐Bipyridine‐derived two chelating linkers containing two and three bipyridine units were synthesized and characterized. Solvothermal condensation of these linkers with Co(NO3)2.6H2O generated cobalt‐based porous coordination polymers (Co‐PCPs). The scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the macroporous nature of the Co‐PCPs, with the highest surface area achieved up to 441.1 m2 g−1. The Co‐PCPs were found to be effective catalysts in the degradation of the anionic dyes, methyl orange (MO) and orange 2 (OII), in the presence of sodium borohydride. Also, the synthesized PCPs were found to selectively catalyse the degradation of anionic dyes from a mixture of dyes (~99 % degradation in 55 min). Regeneration studies showed that the PCPs could be regenerated and reused for more than five cycles with ~98 % retention of degradation efficiency and are promising materials for the selective degradation of anionic dyes from wastewater.
Synthesis of Birch Wood Xylan Sulfate in the Sulfamic Acid–Urea Melt
Authors: Levdansky Vladimir Alexandrovich , Garyntseva Natalya Viktorovna , Levdansky Alexander Vladimirovich 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of polysaccharide sulfates without harmful solvents used is a serious environmental problem. A method for the synthesis of xylan sulfate using the sulfamic acid–urea melt as a sulfating agent without solvents is proposed. The melt is prepared by heating the sulfamic acid–urea mixture with a molar ratio of 1 : 1 at a temperature of 110 °C. This ratio allows significant reduction of side reactions, in particular, carbamation of xylan. Sulfation is carried out at temperatures of 110,115, 120, 125, and 130 °C. The maximum yield and degree of substitution (DSsulfate 1.40) are attained at atemperature of 115 °C. The proposed method makes it possible to synthesize xylan sulfate rapidly (for 0.5 h) and without contamination of the obtained product with toxic solvents, e. g., dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, etc. The composition and structure of initial and sulfated xylan are confirmed by FTIR, NMR, GC, and elemental analysis.
Preparation of Nitro‐Substituted 3‐Benzylindoles via 3‐Benzylideneindolines
Authors: Samet Alexander V. , Semenov Victor V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNitro‐substituted 3‐benzylindoles were obtained via piperidine‐catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of 4,6‐dinitro‐1‐tosylindoline with aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes (yields 42–68 %) followed by a DBU‐induced shift of the C=C bond thus formed into the 5‐membered ring (yields 59–84 %).
Stressful life events and heart disease and stroke: A study among Portuguese older adults
Authors: Quaresma Ana , Alves Elisabete , Fraga Silvia , Henriques Ana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe link between stressful life events (SLE) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine the association between SLE and the diagnosis of heart disease or stroke, among older adults. Data from 678 participants from the population‐based cohort EPIPorto, with ≥60 years and complete information regarding SLE and heart disease or stroke, were analysed. Stressful life events were measured through the ‘Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire’. A previous diagnosis of heart disease or stroke was self‐reported. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with the respective 95% confidence intervals were computed through logistic regression. Almost a fourth of the participants never experienced any SLE throughout life, 30.0% experienced at least one event, 17.5% experienced two and 27.7% had experienced three or more SLE. A dose‐effect association between SLE and the diagnosis of heart disease or stroke was observed, statistically significant for those who had at least 3 types of SLE, independently of confounders (≥3SLE vs. 0SLE: OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.12–3.57). This cross‐sectional study suggests that cumulative exposure to different types of SLE during the life course was associated with a higher likelihood of having a diagnosis of heart disease or a stroke at a later age. Future longitudinal studies should better deepen this association, particularly by evaluating which type of SLE is more related to a higher prevalence of heart disease and stroke, and how the timing of the SLE influence this relation.
Deciphering the Mechanisms of Photo‐Enhanced Catalytic Activities in Plasmonic Pd‐Au Heteromeric Nanozymes for Colorimetric Analysis
Authors: Sang Xueqing , Xia Shiyu , Cheng Lu , Wu Fengxia , Tian Yu , Guo Chenxi , Xu Guobao , Yuan Yali , Niu Wenxin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe growing demand for highly active nanozymes in various fields has led to the development of several strategies to enhance their activity. Plasmonic enhancement, a strategy used in heterogenous catalysis, represents a promising strategy to boost the activity of nanozymes. Herein, Pd‐Au heteromeric nanoparticles (Pd‐Au dimers) with well‐defined heterointerfaces have been explored as plasmonic nanozymes. As a model system, the Pd‐Au dimers with integrated peroxidase (POD)‐like activity and plasmonic activity are used to investigate the effect of plasmons on enhancing the activity of nanozymes under visible light irradiation. Mechanistic studies revealed that the generation of hot electron‐hole pairs plays a dominant role in plasmonic effect, and it greatly enhances the decomposition of H2O2 to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates (•OH, •O2− and 1O2), leading to elevated POD‐like activity of the Pd‐Au dimers. Finally, the Pd‐Au dimers are applied in the plasmon‐enhanced colorimetric method for the detection of alkaline phosphatase, exhibiting broad linear range and low detection limit. This study not only provides a straightforward approach for regulating nanozyme activity through plasmonic heterostructures but also sheds light on the mechanism of plasmon‐enhanced catalysis of nanozymes.
Operationalizing the Access–Voice–Choice Framework for Equitably and Justly Teaching the Language for School Literacy
Authors: Phillips Galloway Emily 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile research unequivocally points to the need to teach the language that supports participation in reading and writing activities in middle‐grade classrooms, many educators grapple with how to create the instructional conditions that promote equitable and just opportunities for students to learn the Language of School Literacy (LSL). In this article, I operationalize the Access–Voice–Choice (AVC) framework and illustrate its application through teaching vignettes. The AVC framework engages educators in considering how to in which language serves as a medium: (1) for giving learners access to concepts and content contained in school texts and to the communities where this knowledge is produced; (2) for amplifying student voice; and (3) for providing learners with choice in the language they use in the classroom and in the linguistic communities in which they choose to participate. This critical framework offers a useful heuristic model to think about how and why we teach LSL to our students. I argue that if the goal of our instruction is to develop in students the ability to use language critically and flexibly, we must create the sorts of classrooms that position them as critical and flexible language users from the start.
Preparation and Tensile Properties of Citric Acid Crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) films reinforced with Nano‐Alumina
Authors: Sinha Ankjeet , Ullas A. V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) is widely used in many industrial applications due to its attractive physico‐chemical properties. However, water solubility and limited mechanical strength may sometimes restrict its usage. In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve the mechanical properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol) films, particularly the tensile strength, the percentage elongation and Young's modulus. Poly(vinyl alcohol) films were prepared by solution casting. Citric acid is used as a crosslinker and nano‐alumina (0.1–1% w/w) has been added as reinforcement in the crosslinked matrix. Compared to uncrosslinked films, the films containing citric acid demonstrate an increase of ~10% and ~38% in the tensile strength and modulus, respectively. Nano‐alumina acted as a suitable reinforcement and enhanced the tensile strength and modulus of crosslinked film by ~20% and ~27%, respectively, at 0.3% (w/w) loading. Uncrosslinked film dissolved in distilled water whereas the crosslinked films underwent swelling which reduced with the addition of nano‐alumina. Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) films reinforced with nano‐alumina thus possess superior properties compared to both uncrosslinked and crosslinked films. The crosslinked nanocomposite films could find immense use as a food packaging material or in making membranes for water desalination.Highlights
Poly(vinyl alcohol) chemically crosslinked by citric acid.
Nano‐alumina added as reinforcement in crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) film.
Swelling studies conducted on crosslinked nanocomposite films.
Tensile testing results showing the supremacy of crosslinked nanocomposite films over uncrosslinked and crosslinked pure film.
A simplest modular S3 model for leptons
Authors: Meloni Davide , Parriciatu Matteo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present minimalist constructions for lepton masses and mixing based on flavour symmetry under the modular group ΓN of lowest level N = 2. As opposed to the only existing model of Γ2 ≅ S3 formulated in a SUSY framework, the only non-SM field is the modulus τ, and a generalised CP symmetry is implemented. Charged-leptons masses are reproduced through symmetry arguments, without requiring fine-tuning of the free parameters. As a result, all lepton observables (masses and mixing) are reproduced within 1σ experimental range using a minimum of nine free real parameters (including the real and imaginary parts of the modulus). A normal ordering for the neutrino masses is predicted. We also obtain predictions for the CP violating phases: the Dirac CP phase is predicted around 1.6π, the Majorana phases lie in narrow regions near ±π. The sum of neutrino masses is within the current bound at ∼ 0.09 eV. Furthermore, we provide predictions for the neutrinoless double beta decay and tritium decay effective masses, around 20 meV. Given the reduced number of free input parameters as compared to the existing literature on modular S3, this work renews interest for a unified predictive model of quark-lepton sectors based on Γ2 ≅ S3.