bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entanglement, Microcausality and Gödel’s Theorem
Authors: O’Hara Paul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
One of the key points of Pauli’s proof of the spin-statistics theorem is the principle of microcausality, which essentially states “that all physical quantities at finite distance exterior to the light cone (for

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) are commutable”. Indeed, Pauli was aware that if it were not valid then neither was his version of the spin-statistics theorem. In this presentation, we explore the relationship between entanglement and microcausality and point out that in the case of spin-singlet states, microcausality does not apply. Consequenly, we revise the spin statistics theorem to incorporate entanglement and to suggest some refinements to the axiomatic structure of quantum mechanics. Ironically, singlet states are SL(2,C) invariant as is the Minkowski metric of special relativity, although the singlet state is often used to convey “spooky action at a distance” as if it were in violation of special relativity, which it is not. We also pose the question whether the paradoxes associated with “entanglement” can be understood as a special case of Gödel’s theorem.
Extension of the Goldstone and the Englert-Brout-Higgs mechanisms to non-Hermitian theories
Authors: Mannheim Philip D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We discuss the extension of the Goldstone and Englert-Brout-Higgs mechanisms to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that possess an antilinear PT symmetry. We study a model due to Alexandre, Ellis, Millington and Seynaeve and show that for the spontaneous breakdown of a continuous global symmetry we obtain a massless Goldstone boson in all three of the antilinear symmetry realizations: eigenvalues real, eigenvalues in complex conjugate pairs, and eigenvalues real but eigenvectors incomplete. In this last case we show that it is possible for the Goldstone boson mode to be a zero-norm state. For the breakdown of a continuous local symmetry the gauge boson acquires a non-zero mass by the Englert-Brout-Higgs mechanism in all realizations of the antilinear symmetry, except the one where the Goldstone boson itself has zero norm, in which case, and despite the fact that the continuous local symmetry has been spontaneously broken, the gauge boson remains massless.
High accuracy synchrotron radiation interferometry with relativistic electrons
Authors: Klag P , Achenbach P , Akiyama T , Böhm R , Distler M O , Doria L , Eckert P , Esser A , Geratz J , Gogami T , Helmel C , Herrmann P , Hoek M , Kaneta M , Konishi Y , Kino R , Lauth W , Merkel H , Mizuno M , Müller U , Nagao S , Nakamura S N , Okuyama K , Pochodzalla J , Schlimme B S , Sfienti C , Shao T , Steinen M , Stengel S , Thiel M , Toyama Y 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A high-precision hypernuclear experiment has been performed at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) to determine the hypertriton Λ binding energy via decay-pion spectroscopy. A key element of this measurement is an accurate calibration of the magnetic spectrometers with the MAMI beam. For such an absolute calibration with small statistical and systematic uncertainties the undulator light interference method will be applied. In this contribution the basic principle of this method is discussed and the analysis status of the measured synchrotron radiation spectra is presented.
Time dispersion in quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Ashmead John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
If we use the path integral approach, we can write quantum electrodynamics (QED) in a way that is manifestly relativistic. However the path integrals are confined to paths that are on mass-shell. What happens if we extend QED by computing the path integrals over all paths in energy momentum space, not only those on mass-shell? We use the requirement of covariance to do this in an unambiguous way. This gives a QED where the time/energy components appear in a way that is manifestly parallel to the space/momentum components: we have dispersion in time, entanglement in time, full equivalence of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) in time to the HUP in space, and so on. Entanglement in time has the welcome side effect of eliminating the ultraviolet divergences. We recover standard QED in the long time limit. We predict effects at scales of attoseconds. With recent developments in attosecond physics and in quantum computing, these effects should be detectable. Since the predictions are unambiguous and testable the approach is falsifiable. Falsification would sharpen our understanding of the role of time in QED. Confirmation would have significant implications for attosecond physics, quantum computing and communications, and quantum gravity.
Integrated management strategies adopted for suppressing invasive rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Chalapathi Rao N B V , Neeraja B , Bhagavan B V K , Reddy R V S K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Andhra Pradesh is one of the important coconut-growing states in India with an area of 0.115 million hectares producing 1,567.60 million nuts annually. The exotic pest rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) has entered India in 2016 with first reports from Kerala and Tamil Nadu states and from Andhra Pradesh in 2017. The IPM strategies which included the installation of yellow sticky traps @12/acre, re-distribution of parasitoid Encarsia guadeloupae, foliar application of entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea NBAIR pfu 5 (5 g/litre @1x108 spores/ml) along with the release of neuropteran predator Apertochrysa astur @600 eggs per palm resulted in successful containment of RSW in experimental plantations. An effective extension network promoting IPM strategies for RSW management resulted in a decrease in incidence and intensity from 50 to 75 percent in four major coconut-growing villages in two districts in the year 2020-21 as compared to 2019-20. However, continuous monitoring for invasive whiteflies should be done rigorously as another neotropical invasive, Bondar’s Nesting Whitefly (BNW), Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was observed along with RSW in coconut plantations during surveys necessitating development of an integrated approach for all invasive whiteflies.
Early detection and integrated disease management against coconut basal stem rot disease
Authors: Neeraja B , Snehalaltha Rani A , Chalapathi Rao N B V , Bhagavan B V K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a multipurpose palm known as kalpavriksha due to its extensive use of all plant parts. Basal stem rot disease, caused by Ganoderma lucidum/Ganoderma aplanatum in coconut, may affect this palm. Under pot culture studies, Redgram (Cajanus cajan) and Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) were identified as indicator plants for early detection of basal stem rot (Ganoderma wilt) disease in coconut. Furthermore, in 2014, the dosage, frequency, and method of application of effective biocontrol agents, Trichoderma reesei, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and neem cake (5 kg/palm/year), were standardised and compared to root feeding of Hexaconazole @3ml/100ml of water/palm/quarter and micronutrient application @1kg/palm/year at Patha gannavaram village of east godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. Soil application of a talc-based formulation containing 125 g of Trichoderma reesei and 125 g of Pseudomonas fluorescens + 5 kg of Neem cake/palm/year was found to be successful in lowering the disease index from 28.44 to 4.23 under field conditions over three years from 2014 to 2017.
Distribution and Identification of Invasive Whiteflies on Coconut Palms in Eastern India and Its Natural Enemies: A Biosecurity Perspective
Authors: Sankarganesh E , Roy Kusal , Ali Md. Nasim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegular movements of planting materials between countries pave the way for the entry of exotic pests. Despite rigorous quarantine regulations, various insect pests have hitherto entered India and raised biosecurity concerns. The occurrence of rugose spiraling whitefly,Aleurodicus rugioperculatusMartin and bondar’s nesting whitefly,Paraleyrodes bondariPeracchi on coconut crop has drawn the attention of the scientific and farming community due to their unique damaging behavior and rapid progression. Understanding their invasion, a study was undertaken to explore their incidence pattern in West Bengal (India). The survey revealed the occurrence of these species in different regions and habitats. The species was confirmed by standard morphological characters and molecular techniques by amplifying the cytochrome oxidase gene (COI) of mDNA. The representative sequence ofA. rugioperculatusandP. bondarihas been deposited to the NCBI with accession numbers OP024192 and OP024193, respectively. At present, two species co-exist on coconut leaflets with a rare exception of Gause’s principle. The incidence and severity of these pests were found greater on coconut palms. The damage inflicted by siphoning of plant sap byA. rugioperculatuswas more severe thanP. bondari. A shift in the weather pattern and continuous dry spells favor their proliferation and spread. The extensive field survey identified potential natural enemies of these whiteflies in the Eastern region of the country. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy and this comprehensive work would be much useful as a diagnostic guide for farmers, researchers, extension workers and organizations.
Study on the heat transfer with regard to an off-grid vending machine having a low impact on the environment
Authors: Calotă Răzvan , Girip Alina , Ilie Anica , Glavă Grigoraș , Savaniu Mihai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Following the current trend of energy economy, the article’s team designed a vending machine made of sandwich panels, in order to minimize the heat transfer from the environment to the chilled volume. The heat inputs calculation was based on the data provided in the sandwich panels’ technical sheets. In this paper, the real performance in operation was monitored, resulting in a deviation between 2.27 and 5.37% of the theoretical values for the global heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, the TEWI coefficient (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) was evaluated to highlight the energy efficiency of the equipment, operating with refrigerant R290. Thereby, the authors emphasize the importance of the transition to natural refrigerants.
Experimental evaluation of the variation of human breathing flow parameters for multiple test subjects
Authors: Georgescu Matei-Razvan , Nastase Ilinca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present study addresses the variability of human breathing parameters as extrapolated from a set of experimental measurements of CO2 generation rates from 13 test subjects. Interior air quality studies frequently deal with the exposure of occupants to different environmental pollutants. While experimental measurements are sufficient to quantify the pollutant concentration in the occupant’s vicinity, the actual intake of pollutant is more difficult to assess. Experimental means of evaluating occupant pollutant intake involve breathing thermal manikins situated in areas of interest. The manikins breathe following a breathing function based either on previous experimental measurements or reference values indicated in the literature. However, the breathing parameters of each person vary significantly according to physiological factors. For this reason, using average values, although necessary, may frequently be misleading when establishing room ventilation flow rates for improving air quality. The aim of the current paper is to provide a quantitative assessment of the potential deviation of individual breathing parameters from an average result. The results are used to formulate recommendations for future studies aimed at determining the necessary ventilation rates for occupant protection against a given pollutant.
Comparative study regarding retrofitting with a low GWP refrigerant in an ice rink with energy recovery implementation
Authors: Girip Alina , Ilie Anica , Calotă Răzvan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The authors make a comparative study between an existing R407C indirect refrigeration system which serves an ice rink refrigeration plant with a modern R744 indirect refrigeration system incorporating heat recovery, by using “Pack Calculation Pro” software. The proposed solution involves no alterations in the water-ethylene glycol circuit that ensures the rink’s cooling load. By considering the need for retrofitting to comply with current legislation, the study aims to identify the best solution in terms of environmental impact and the CO2-equivalent release into the atmosphere. The recovered energy can be further used for space heating, ventilation, and domestic hot water preparation. This study is targeted on an existing ice rink placed in Iasi, Romania, and the analysis demonstrates that the implementation of this solution reduces the environmental impact of CO2-equivalent reduction, and the global COP (Coefficient of Performance) value increases.
Analysis of the factorial and consequential variables in the energy efficiency study of a heat pump unit with a radiant evaporator
Authors: Trayanov Traicho , Ivanov Martin , Terziev Angel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The presented study deals with univariate and multivariate analysis of the dependencies between the factor and consequent variables in the study of the efficiency of a heat pump unit with a radiant evaporator. The strength and direction of the connections between these variables is studied and discussed. The values of the correlation and determination coefficients were determined and the equations of the models describing them were derived. The presented analysis is considered as a valuable tool for the heating, ventilating and air conditioning design process in the building sector.
Corporate board attributes and environmental accounting disclosure of oil and gas firms in Nigeria
Authors: Bala Hussaini , Shaheen Riffat , Khatoon Ghousia , Belgacem Samira Ben , Yusuf Ja’afar , Shafiu Raziqa Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is growing concern for corporate entities to disclose information in respect of their environmental practices as an addition to conventional economic reporting. This study explores the influence of corporate board physiognomies on environmental accounting disclosures (CEADs). The study examines the data of 13 oil and gas companies for the period of 2014 to 2020. Pool regression was used to analyse the data. The key findings of this research show that the EAD Among Nigeria’s publicly traded oil and gas firms is substantially influenced by the board financial expertise, audit committee (AC) independence and AC financial expertise. This supports the stakeholder’s theory which suggests that the board of directors as environmental representatives, protect the shareholders’ objective since more EADs will increase their reputation, appeal prospective investors and customers. While the EAD of these enterprises was unaffected by by-the--the-board independence. The study exposed the need for the regulatory agency to come up with empowering laws that can ensure that listed Nigerian oil and gas companies cuddle CEAD regardless of their size and profitability. Finally, the Global Environmental Disclosure Index (GEI) should be recognised as the most palatable benchmark for evaluating environmental accounting in Nigeria.
TransMHCII: a novel MHC-II binding prediction model built using a protein language model and an image classifier
Authors: Yu Xin , Negron Christopher , Huang Lili , Veldman Geertruida 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe emergence of deep learning models such as AlphaFold2 has revolutionized the structure prediction of proteins. Nevertheless, much remains unexplored, especially on how we utilize structure models to predict biological properties. Herein, we present a method using features extracted from protein language models (PLMs) to predict the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) binding affinity of peptides. Specifically, we evaluated a novel transfer learning approach where the backbone of our model was interchanged with architectures designed for image classification tasks. Features extracted from several PLMs (ESM1b, ProtXLNet or ProtT5-XL-UniRef) were passed into image models (EfficientNet v2b0, EfficientNet v2m or ViT-16). The optimal pairing of the PLM and image classifier resulted in the final model TransMHCII, outperforming NetMHCIIpan 3.2 and NetMHCIIpan 4.0-BA on the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, balanced accuracy and Jaccard scores. The architecture innovation may facilitate the development of other deep learning models for biological problems.
International health initiative: Development and pilot testing of a molecular diagnostics training program in Romania
Authors: Fukuto Hana S , Nelepcu Iulian I , Necula Steliana , Galli Nora E , Viboud Gloria I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The implementation of nucleic acid testing in laboratory medicine has revolutionized clinical diagnosis. Unfortunately, incorporation of these technologies in less developed countries remains a challenge. Despite Romania’s recent economic growth, the country is in dire need of medical and laboratory staff trained in modern technologies. The aim of the study was to develop a curriculum that could easily be delivered to laboratory professionals in Romania and to pilot test the effectiveness of the training in increasing their understanding of molecular tests.

Methods
The program was developed in accordance with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) quality training standards. It was offered to 50 laboratory professionals and consisted of online, asynchronous lectures and optional synchronous review sessions. Training effectiveness was evaluated using CDC guidelines based on pre- and postassessment questions answered anonymously.

Results
Forty-two people participated in the program, and 32 (81%) completed the training successfully. Based on 16 participants’ self-assessment, the course was successful in improving learners’ overall knowledge of molecular diagnostics—specifically, their understanding of molecular techniques and how to interpret results. Those participants were highly satisfied with the overall training.

Conclusions
The piloted platform presented here is promising and can be a foundation for future larger-scale studies in countries with developing health systems.
High-Salt Diet Aggravates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glomerular Fibrosis in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Authors: Chen Hui-Lin , Peng Kuang , Zeng Dian-Mei , Yan Jun , Huang Ya-Qi , Jiang Pei-Yong , Du Ya-Fang , Ling Xiang , Wu Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Both diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy eventually progress to glomerulosclerosis. Previous studies revealed a potential role of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the pathophysiology of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that EndMT was also involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis in salt-sensitive hypertension. We aimed to explore the effects of high-salt diet on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in glomerulosclerosis in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-SS) rats.

METHODS
Eight-week-old male rats were fed high-salt (8%NaCl; DSH group) or normal salt (0.3%NaCl; DSN group) for eight weeks, with systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum creatinine, urea, 24-hour urinary protein/sodium, renal interlobar artery blood flow, and pathological examination measured. We also examined endothelial-(CD31) and fibrosis-related protein(α-SMA) expressions in glomeruli.

RESULTS
High-salt diet increased SBP (DSH vs. DSN, 205.2 ± 8.9 vs. 135.4 ± 7.9 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.01), 24-hour urinary protein (132.55 ± 11.75 vs. 23.52 ± 5.94 mg/day, P &lt; 0.05), urine sodium excretions (14.09 ± 1.49 vs. 0.47 ± 0.06 mmol/day, P &lt; 0.05), and renal interlobar artery resistance. Glomerulosclerosis increased (26.1 ± 4.6 vs. 7.3 ± 1.6%, P &lt; 0.05), glomerular CD31 expressions decreased while α-SMA expression increased in DSH group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that CD31 and α-SMA co-expressed in glomeruli of the DSH group. The degree of glomerulosclerosis negatively correlated with CD31 expressions (r = −0.823, P &lt; 0.01) but positively correlated with α-SMA expressions (r = 0.936, P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that a high-salt diet led to glomerulosclerosis involving the EndMT process, which played an essential role in glomerulosclerosis in hypertensive Dahl-SS rats.
Multiple antipredator behaviors in wild red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) groups reveal spatially distinct landscapes of fear
Authors: Fornof Lillian J , Stewart Fiona A , Piel Alex K 
Published: May 2023

AbstractForaging opportunity and predation risk act as opposing influences on an animal’s habitat use. “Landscapes of fear” (LOF), whereby one predicts the spatial distribution of predators or perceived predator presence using prey responses, are an important tool for modeling this conflict. LOF models examining perceived predation risk are often generated using a single behavioral metric, even though individuals can respond to predation pressure with multiple potential behaviors. Here, we expanded traditional LOF approaches by measuring three antipredator behaviors in wild red-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius): aggregation, alarm calling, and vigilance. We predicted that each behavior would reveal spatially explicit regions of high risk, as each behavior may attend to different aspects of perceived predation risk. The use of different behaviors may depend upon factors such as vegetation type, age/sex class of an individual, and which other antipredator behaviors are being exhibited by group members. We collected data on two troops of monkeys in the Issa Valley, Tanzania for over 19 months and conducted 3189 group follows. We found that vegetation type varied in its effect on antipredator behavior. Monkeys conducted more antipredator behavior in more open vegetation types compared to more closed, riparian forests. The LOF models generated for each behavior mapped distinct and predominantly non-overlapping spatial regions of perceived predation risk, which was replicated across the two groups. This suggested that monkeys responded differently across their home range to specific perceived risks. Such spatially explicit behavior may indicate vegetation-specific predation risk or unique trade-offs in antipredator behavior throughout a heterogenous habitat.