bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of education program regarding pathological jaundice on nurses’ performance and neonates’ bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction
Authors: Ebrahim Nora Abd El-Alim , Bayoumi Madiha Hassan , Metwally Hanan El-Sayed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Both term and preterm infants are susceptible to pathological jaundice, a frequent condition that can cause long-lasting neurological damage. A novel treatment for indirect pathological hyperbilirubinemia is bilisphere phototherapy, which lowers total serum bilirubin just as well as exchange transfusions. A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the current study. This study was conducted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Benha Specialized Pediatric Hospital. A convenient sample of all available nurses (60) working in the previously mentioned setting. A purposive sample of neonates (90) with pathological jaundice which would be divided into control and study groups. Three tools were used: Tool I: A structured interview questionnaire sheet, Tool II: observational checklist for caring neonates with pathological jaundice, and Tool III: neonatal outcomes assessment sheet. There was a positive correlation between nurses’ total performance regarding pathological jaundice and bilisphere phototherapy at pre-/post-education program implementation. Additionally, there were a positive correlation between neonates’ outcomes in the study group and nurses’ total performance post-program implementation.
Conclusion the education program regarding pathological jaundice was effective in improving nurses’ performance and neonates’ bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction post compared to pre-education program implementation.

What is Known:• Pathological jaundice had directly effect on neurological status in neonates as aresults of accumulated bilirubin in basal gangelia in brain and bilirubin induced neurological dysfunction score considered important tool to indicate acute bilirubin encephalopathy.

What is New:• Education programs and periodic training to medical team provide improvement their performance, nurse had significant role to provide neonates care in NICU. So, improve nurses performance lead to improve neonate outcomes.• Bilisphere phototherapy is an important device which had positive outcomes in pediatrics which improve neonates’ health status, but its effect depends on provided effective nursing practice during therapy.• Pathological jaundice management with bilisphere phototherapy and bilirubin induced neurological dysfunction score working together to provide optimal care for neonates, which bilisphere phototherapy decrease bilirubin level and BIND score assess neurological status and detect any abnormalites during therapy.
Exploring the interactions of rapamycin with target receptors in A549 cancer cells: insights from molecular docking analysis
Authors: Ganesh Sanjeev K. , Devi C. Subathra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rapamycin, a macrocyclic antibiotic derived from the actinomycetes Streptomyces hygroscopicus, is a widely used immunosuppressant and anticancer drug. Even though rapamycin is regarded as a multipotent drug acting against a broad array of anomalies and diseases, the mechanism of action of rapamycin and associated pathways have not been studied and reported clearly. Also reports on the binding of rapamycin to cancer cell receptors are limited to the serine/threonine protein kinase mTORC1. Hence, to uncover the exact potential of rapamycin in cancer therapy, a series of cell culture and in silico studies were conducted to identify other receptors capable of binding to rapamycin. Through molecular docking and simulations, it was found that the receptors EGFR, FKBP12, MET, FGFR, ROS1 and ALK were capable of binding with rapamycin. The findings from the current study provides new insights in modern cancer research and therapy. This could also facilitate in understanding the possible action mechanisms of rapamycin in other diseases such as neurovegetative diseases, autoimmune diseases, etc.
First assessment of the prevalence of haemosporidian infections in Accipitriformes raptors in Greece
Authors: Markakis Grigorios , Palinauskas Vaidas , Aželytė Justė , Symeonidou Isaia , Sutkaitytė Viltė , Gelasakis Athanasios I. , Komnenou Anastasia , Papadopoulos Elias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Haemosporidians, a group of vector-borne parasites that parasitize the blood cells and internal organs of various animal species, are reported to cause severe pathology in raptors. Species belonging to the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon are the ones of greatest wildlife importance. The common buzzard (Buteo buteo) and the Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) are the most numerous raptor species in Europe. Reliable data is lacking for many raptor species in Greece. The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the prevalence and geographical distribution of haemosporidian infection (mainly Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium) in these two avian species in Greece, in correlation with the risk factors of age and sex. In total, 62 common buzzards and 26 Eurasian sparrowhawks were included in this study, all being admitted for treatment at a Greek Wildlife Rehabilitation Center. Blood samples were collected and microscopical analysis was performed after staining blood smears with Giemsa. DNA was extracted from each sample and a fraction of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was amplified by a nested PCR protocol. All positive samples were subjected to sequencing. Total prevalence of haemosporidian infection by morphological and molecular examination was 59% and 73.9%, respectively. Binary logistic regression was carried out. The most prevalent infection was by Leucocytozoon spp. Most of the samples had mixed infections. The isolated genetic lineages of Leucocytozoon spp. were BUBT2, BUBT3, MILVUS01, ACNI1, BUBO01 and MILANS04. The detected genetic lineages of Plasmodium spp. were TURDUS1, BT7 and DONANA02. A new genetic lineage, BUTBUT17, was also identified.
Learning to cooperate against ensembles of diverse opponents
Authors: Perera Isuri , de Nijs Frits , García Julian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe emergence of cooperation in decentralized multi-agent systems is challenging; naive implementations of learning algorithms typically fail to converge or converge to equilibria without cooperation. Opponent modeling techniques, combined with reinforcement learning, have been successful in promoting cooperation, but face challenges when other agents are plentiful or anonymous. We envision environments in which agents face a sequence of interactions with different and heterogeneous agents. Inspired by models of evolutionary game theory, we introduce RL agents that forgo explicit modeling of others. Instead, they augment their reward signal by considering how to best respond to others assumed to be rational against their own strategy. This technique not only scales well in environments with many agents, but can also outperform opponent modeling techniques across a range of cooperation games. Agents that use the algorithm we propose can successfully maintain and establish cooperation when playing against an ensemble of diverse agents. This finding is robust across different kinds of games and can also be shown not to disadvantage agents in purely competitive interactions. While cooperation in pairwise settings is foundational, interactions across large groups of diverse agents are likely to be the norm in future applications where cooperation is an emergent property of agent design, rather than a design goal at the system level. The algorithm we propose here is a simple and scalable step in this direction.
Defining the caudal limits of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction: anatomic study correlating radiographic measures
Authors: Alsavaf Mohammad Bilal , Abouammo Moataz D. , Gosal Jaskaran Singh , Bhuskute Govind S. , Biswas Chandrima , Mansur Guilherme , VanKoevering Kyle K. , Wu Kyle C. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective
The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), has become the preferred alternative to traditional open and transoral approaches to the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region. However, preoperative prediction of the limitations of caudal reach remains challenging. This cadaveric study aimed to quantify the CVJ area of exposure and access afforded by the EEA, evaluate the accuracy of previously described radiographic anthropometric lines, and identify the lowest limit of the EEA corridor.

Methods
Endoscopic endonasal dissections of the CVJ were completed in 35 cadaveric specimens. The area of exposure (AoE) and caudal-most reach were measured using a navigation system. Radiographic measurements included the distance of the odontoid process from the hard palate, length of the hard palate, distance of the lowest point reached from the hard palate level, and angles such as the nasopalatine line (NPL) angle, nasoaxial line (NAxL) angle, nostril-hard palate line (NTL) angle, and rhinopalatine line (RPL) angle.

Results
The mean CVJ AoE was 931.22 ± 79.36 mm2. The NPL, NAxL, and RPL angles showed significant negative correlations with the distance of the odontoid process from the hard palate line (r = -0.521, p = 0.001; r = -0.538, p = 0.001; r = -0.500, p = 0.002, respectively), while the NTL angle did not (r = -0.241, p = 0.162). No significant correlation was found between achieved AoE via EEA and NPL, NAxL, NTL, or RPL (p > 0.05). Importantly, hard palate length was the sole predictor of CVJ AoE variability (r = -0.416, p = 0.013), with shorter lengths associated with increased exposure. The mean distance of the lowest point reached in the AoE from the hard palate level was 9.47 ± 1.24 mm.

Conclusions
This anatomic study highlights the variability in CVJ anatomy and the limitations of using previously defined radiographic anthropometric lines for predicting the caudal limits of the EEA. Hard palate length emerged as the only reliable predictor of the surgical area of exposure via the endonasal corridor. Clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and define the potential need for adjunctive surgical routes in managing complex CVJ pathologies.
Evaluating economies of scope and potential merger: an alternative approach
Authors: Sadeghi Jafar , Toloo Mehdi , Sahoo Biresh K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn data envelopment analysis literature, the estimation of economies of scope involves comparing two frontiers: one for diversified firms producing two outputs together (the diversified frontier) and the other involving additive firms (the additive frontier). A firm’s scope economies can be assessed by comparing the costs of its outputs against these two frontiers. If the cost for the additive frontier exceeds or falls short of that for the diversified frontier, one can determine the presence or absence of scope economies for the diversified firm. However, constructing the additive frontier requires the assumption that the cost of joint production by a diversified firm equals the cost of separate production by specialized firms. In the absence of such an additive cost structure in empirical studies, scope economies evaluation becomes problematic. To address this, we propose an alternative measurement scheme. Using the free disposability postulate of production theory, our scheme creates two sets of virtual specialized firms from the observed diversified firms, then updates them within their respective specialized firm sets. This approach enables an evaluation of a firm's scope economies by comparing the cost of separate production against updated specialized technologies with the joint production cost against diversified technology. Finally, the scheme also allows an examination of whether a merger between any two specialized firms would be profitable.
Testing for heterogeneity in data envelopment analysis
Authors: Mohsenirad Saman , Triantis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper introduces a comprehensive framework for detecting and conceptualizing heterogeneity in data envelopment analysis (DEA), aligning with the microeconomic production theory. Despite DEA’s significant advantage in evaluating DMUs based on their efficiency without assuming a specific functional form of technology, it critically relies on the comparability of these units. We address the persistent issue in DEA modeling that stems from the assumption of homogeneity among DMUs, which is often untested. We propose a novel methodological approach that serves as a testing framework for heterogeneity, predicated on minimal assumptions about data randomness. This framework provides a means to examine the biases introduced by technological disparities among DMUs and offers an approach for practitioners to ensure the validity of DEA modeling across diverse technological settings. This approach not only uncovers biases from technological differences but also serves as a preliminary step to enhance methods like clustering, aiding practitioners in verifying DEA's applicability across varied technologies.
Assessing cyber attack vulnerabilities of distributed generation in grid-connected systems
Authors: Maghami Mohammad Reza , Mutambara Arthur Guseni Oliver , Gomes Chandima 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe widespread integration of solar PV, a type of distributed generation, is becoming more common in power grids, but this is raising concerns about their vulnerability to cyberattacks. The impact of widespread solar PV integration on the resilience of medium voltage power systems against cyberattacks remains largely unknown, particularly in the context of South Africa. This research aims to explore how solar PV integration affects the vulnerability of South Africa's power grid to cyber-attacks, during worst conditions, focusing on voltage stability, short circuits, and power losses. A static and dynamic power flow analysis was conducted on a model system consisting of two 132/11 kV transformers, four feeders, and 81 loads connected to the 11 kV busbar. The analysis of static power flow reveals that the majority of nodes have violations, particularly feeders 1 and 4. However, when solar PV penetration (PVP) reaches 100%, nodes with voltage violations are brought within the acceptable range. Moreover, the highest power loss is 412 kW, occurring at zero PVP during peak loads. The dynamic simulation results indicate that certain nodes still have violations even with 100% PVP. Feeder 1 is at the greatest risk of voltage collapse due to a cyber-attack, followed by feeder 4. In order to address issues with the network, multi-objective optimization was used to determine the optimal placement for tie-lines interconnections. This strategy shows that not only the power loss of the system significantly reduced by 50% but also the voltage profile of the system shifts to an acceptable level and is safe for any cyberattack. Further study may consider other mitigation techniques such as energy storage to mitigate the challenges beside the Tie line interconnection with minimum cost.
Sacubitril/valsartan in a wide spectrum of heart failure patients (from mechanisms of action to outcomes in specific populations)
Authors: Rajzer Przemyslaw , Biegus Jan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, decreased quality of life and a significant financial and economic burden. The prevalence of HF continues to rise, driven by an ageing population and an increasing burden of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Understanding the complex pathophysiology and developing effective treatments are critical for improving patient outcomes, yet the range of effective, life-prolonging medication classes has remained mostly constant in the last few decades. The introduction of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) was a major breakthrough in HF management, for the first time targeting the natriuretic peptide system in addition to the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone pathway to potentiate the effects of older drug classes. ARNI shows superiority in clinical outcomes compared to previous guideline-directed therapies, especially in patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF). It has now been implemented into international guidelines, endorsing its use in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). This review summarises the mechanism of action of Sac/Val, presents key clinical trials in a range of patient populations and HF aetiologies and outlines gaps in knowledge and potential novel uses of Sac/Val.
What explains recent trends in income inequality in the European Union?
Authors: Filauro Stefano , Parolin Zachary , Valetto Pietro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe investigate trends in income inequality in the European Union (EU) from 2007 to 2019. Using EU-SILC data, we find that EU-wide inequality declined between 9 and 20%, depending on the inequality measure applied, despite rising within-country income inequality during the same period. Applying a series of decomposition techniques, we find that between-country convergence in pre-tax/transfer incomes fully explains the declining EU-wide inequality. Changes in tax and transfer systems, in contrast, contributed to marginally higher inequality in 2019 compared to 2007. Nonetheless, the 10th percentile of the EU-wide income distribution grew six times the rate of the 90th percentile, a product of widespread earnings gains among residents of lower-income EU Member States. Re-centered influence functions and Kitigawa-Oaxaca-Blinder analyses reveal that those earnings gains are not due to specific compositional or employment changes but rather are due to rising earnings returns to employment in lower-income Member States. Despite the contribution of between-country income convergence in reducing EU-wide inequality between 2007 and 2019, however, within-country income disparities continue to explain the larger share of EU-wide inequality levels in 2019. Thus, reducing within-country economic disparities is increasingly important for achieving further reductions in EU-wide inequality moving forward.
First Step on the Way to Identify Dermatophytes Using Odour Fingerprints
Authors: Machová Lenka , Gaida Meriem , Semerád Jaroslav , Kolařík Miroslav , Švarcová Michaela , Jašica Andrej , Grasserová Alena , Awokunle Hollá Sandra , Hubka Vit , Stefanuto Pierre-Hugues , Cajthaml Tomáš , Focant Jean-François , Wennrich Adéla 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of dermatophytosis and identification of dermatophytes face challenges due to reliance on culture-based methods. Rapid, cost-effective detection techniques for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been developed for other microorganisms, but their application to dermatophytes is limited. This study explores using VOCs as diagnostic markers for dermatophytes. We compared VOC profiles across different dermatophyte taxa using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and advanced analytical methods: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). We analyzed 47 dermatophyte strains from 15 taxa grown on sheep wool, including clinically significant species. Additionally, we examined phylogenetic relationships among the strains to correlate genetic relatedness with metabolite production. Our results showed that GC×GC-TOFMS offered superior resolution but similar differentiation of VOC profiles compared to GC–MS. VOC spectra allowed reliable distinction of taxonomic units at the species level and below, however, these distinctions showed only a slight correlation with phylogenetic data. We identified pan-dermatophyte and species- or strain-specific VOC profiles, indicating their potential for rapid, non-invasive detection of dermatophyte infections, including epidemic strains. These patterns could enable future taxa-specific identification. Our study highlights the potential of VOCs as tools for dermatophyte taxonomy and diagnosis.
Enhancing model performance through date fusion in multispectral and RGB image-based field phenotyping of wheat grain yield
Authors: Heinemann Paul , Prey Lukas , Hanemann Anja , Ramgraber Ludwig , Seidl-Schulz Johannes , Noack Patrick Ole 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study assessed the potential of multispectral (MS) and RGB imagery acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for predicting wheat grain yield (GY) in field trials. We investigated the influence of single-date measurements and optimal multi-date strategies across diverse locations and years in southeast and eastern Germany. UAV-based MS and RGB data were collected throughout the growing season, and machine learning models were developed using vegetation indices to predict GY. Results revealed that the accuracy of single-date predictions varied, with later stages, especially grain-filling, demonstrating higher performance. Combining data from multiple dates improved GY prediction, and especially the inclusion of June acquisitions (likewise around grain-filling phase) consistently enhances the prediction accuracy of multi-date models. However, the optimal combination of dates was found to be year- and location-specific. Overall, MS data slightly outperformed RGB data, although RGB showed advantages in specific instances, particularly during later growth stages. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing UAV-based phenotyping in wheat breeding trials, highlighting the importance of strategic measurement timing and sensor selection for accurate GY prediction.