bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AFTER COVID-19
Authors: Uzokov Jamol , Alyavi Bakhromkhon , Orziev Daler , Ubaydullaev Shakhboz 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Aim of the study was to estimate endothelial functional status in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent Covid-19.

Design and method:
56 patients with hypertension and T2DM after coronavirus infection (Group I) and 56 patients with hypertension and T2DM without any history of Covid-19 (Group II) were enrolled in this study. Group I patients aged 43-75 years, mean age 62.4±12.5 years; male = 46% and Group II patients aged 42-77 years, mean age 63.6±13.7 years; male = 43%. Endothelial functional status was assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation of brachial artery (FMD). All statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 26.0 software.

Results:
FMD of brachial artery was significantly decreased in patients with hypertension and T2DM after Covid-19 than those patients without Covid-19 (P<0.01). There were a correlation between Covid-19 and reduced FMD in Group I (r = 0.7, CI 95%, P = 0.032). When we assessed systolic function of the left ventricle, there were a positive correlation between reduced FMD and low ejection fraction (r = 0.6, CI 95%, P = 0.028), however this correlation were more pronounced in Group I (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that reduced flow-mediated vasodilation of brachial artery was independent predictor of poor systolic function of patients with hypertension and T2DM especially in those after Covid-19 (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, P = 0.026). When we separately analyzed between men and women there were not any statistical significant changes between male and female (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus after Covid-19 had impaired FMD of brachial artery. Even though, there were positive correlation between flow-mediated vasodilation of brachial artery and reduced ejection fraction, patients with hypertension and T2DM after Covid-19 had strong correlation of it. In hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have undergone Covid-19, FMD independently associated with poor left ventricular systolic function.
REAL VS PERCEIVED BLOOD PRESSURE AND LDL-CHOLESTEROL CONTROL IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH DYSLIPIDEMIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY IN ROMANIA (SNAPSHOT-1)
Authors: Vinereanu Dragos , Tanasescu Rodica , Vittos Oana , Ciobanu Andreea , Dolofan Bogdan , Trambitas Nicoleta , Johnson Neil , Guja Cristian 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To assess cardiovascular (CV) risk measurement, blood pressure (BP) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL) control rates, in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia, based on current recommendations of guidelines, and compare them with assessment provided by physicians.

Design and method:
Cross-sectional, observational, multicenter epidemiological study (SNAPSHOT-1), conducted in Romania, involved 130 investigators (general practitioners, cardiologists, and diabetologists), and included 2469 hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia.

Results:
Study population (65±10 years; 40.9% men) had the following characteristics: 12.1% smokers; 40.9% overweight and 45.2% obese (BMI 30.1±5.2 kg/m2); 80.0% had comorbidities, most frequently diabetes mellitus (45.0%), angina (28.8%), and chronic kidney disease (18.8%). Mean systolic / diastolic BP were 137.6±17.1 / 81.0±10.4 mmHg, total cholesterol was 199.1±54.3 mg/dL, HDL-C 51.2±15.9 mg/dL, LDL-C 118.4±46.4 mg/dL, and triglycerides 162.1±92.4 mg/dL.
CV risk was estimated by the investigators as “high” or “very high” for 34.3% and 35.4% of patients, respectively, whereas calculated CV risk according to the SCORE chart 1 was “high” or “very high” for 12.6% and 81.8% of patients. Thus, only 41.5% of the investigators estimated CV risk accurately, while 54.2% underestimated it.
Hypertension was treated in 98.1% of patients. BP was considered controlled by investigators in 71.2% of patients, whereas BP control based on European recommendations was achieved by only 25.0% of patients. Dyslipidemia was treated in 90.9% of patients. LDL-C was considered controlled by investigators in 46.1% of patients, whereas LDL-C control based on European recommendations was achieved by only 8.8% of patients. Both BP and LDL-C were considered controlled by investigators in 39.6% of patients, whereas both targets were controlled based on European recommendations in only 3.3% of patients (Figure).
44.7% of patients were treated with a single-pill combination for hypertension, and only 9.0% received treatment for both hypertension and dyslipidemia in a single pill.

Conclusions:
This study showed that CV risk is underestimated by physicians in more than half of patients. BP and LDL-C control is markedly overestimated by physicians, while real control rates remain very low. Use of single-pill combinations is still low.
INHOSPITAL DETECTION OF ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE (INDEBP): PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Vischer Annina , Nafaa Fiona , Schaffhauser David , Socrates Thenral , Mayr Michael , Breidthardt Tobias , Burkard Thilo 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Elevated blood pressure (BP) values are commonly reported in hospitalized patients. Previous retrospective studies have shown that adaptions of BP medication are associated with a worse outcome. Objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of elevated BP values in medical non-cardiac inpatients and to assess the proportion of patients with treatment modifications in response to elevated BP values during the hospital stay.

Design and method:
Retrospective analysis of randomly selected non-cardiac medical inpatients in a tertiary hospital in 2019 and 2021. Exclusion criteria were cardio-vascular hospitalization, missing general consent or age <18 years. Routine BP measurements from clinical checks were recorded, elevated BP defined as > = 140 and/or > = 90 mmHg. Antihypertensive treatment at admission was compared to that at discharge. Complications during hospitalization were a compound of myocardial injury, intracerebral bleedings, ischemic stroke/TIA, acute kidney injury, falls/syncope and death. Data were extracted from electronic health records. Categorical data was analyzed with a Fisher's exact test, continuous data with a Mann-Whitney-U-test.

Results:
301 patients were included, 101 (33.6%) in 2019, and 200 (66.4%) in 2021, 130 (43.2%) were female, median age was 66 years (IQR 55.5 – 76). 152 (50.5%) had a history of hypertension. 47 patients (15.6%) had exclusively normal BP values during a median of 10 days (IQR 5 – 21) of hospitalization. Of those 254 patients (84.4%) with elevated BP during the hospitalization, 105 (41.3%) had their antihypertensive treatment adapted: 54/254 patients (21.3%) had > = 1 new antihypertensive, 18/254 patients (7.1%) had the antihypertensive dose increased, 11/254 (4.3%) had the antihypertensive agent exchanged, 47/254 (18.5%) had an antihypertensive stopped, and 22 (8.7%) had the dose decreased (multiple answers possible). Patients with treatment modifications had significantly more complications (22.9 vs 10.3%), p-value 0.012. Differences between patients with and without treatment adaptions are shown in the Table.

Conclusions:
Elevated BP is a frequent and significant clinical problem during hospitalization. Nearly half of the patients with elevated BP had their medications adapted during hospitalization. Modification of antihypertensive therapy was associated with more complications, whereby no statement can be made about causality.
PRE-DONATION OBESITY AND POST-DONATION HYPERTENSION IN LIVING KIDNEY DONORS
Authors: Tantisattamo Ekamol , Naunsilp Piengpitch , Puchongmart Chanokporn , Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The association of obesity status during the pre-kidney donation period with the risk of developing post-donation hypertension (HTN) is unclear. We aim to evaluate the effect of pre-donation obesity status on the rate of post-donation systolic and diastolic hypertension (SHTN and DHTN).

Design and method:
A retrospective cohort study using the SRTR database included living kidney donors (LKD) undergoing donation between March 2008 and July 2020. Risks for developing SHTN and DHTN defined as SBP and DBP >/ = 130 and >/ = 80 mmHg, respectively among 3 groups categorized by pre-donation obesity status (normal weight, overweight, and obesity) was examined by multiple Cox regression analysis.

Results:
Of 174,359 LKD, mean±SD age was 41±12 years and 60% were female. Pre-donation normal weight, overweight, and obesity account for 36%, 41, and 23%, respectively with median (IQR) BMI of 22.81 (21.30, 23.96), 27.35 (26.16, 28.57), and 32.19 (30.96, 33.98). SBP and DBP at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-donation were 120.06/74.51, 120.08/74.63, 120.35/75.07 mmHg, respectively (PSBP and PDBP <0.001) (Figure 1). After adjusting for demographics, pre-donation SBP and DBP, pre- and post-operative creatinine, post-donation urine protein, and the interaction term between the pre-donation BMI and gender, overweight and obese groups had a significantly greater risk for developing SHTN compared to normal weight group (HRoverweight 1.32, 95%CI 1.23, 1.41; HRobese 1.70, 95%CI 1.57, 1.84; Figure 2) only in those with normotensive during pre-donation. The pattern of the association was the same for DHTN (HRoverweight 1.28, 95%CI 1.21, 1.35; HRobese 1.52, 95%CI 1.43, 1.62; Figure 3). Stratifying patients into those with and without pre-donation hypertension, gender was an effect modifier with a higher risk for developing STHN and DHTN observed in obese female patients with pre-donation normotension (Pinteraction for SHTN 0.002 and DHTN 0.019).

Conclusions:
Pre-donation overweight and obesity increase the risk of developing post-donation SHTN and DHTN. Obese female donors are at greater risk than obese male donors among those with pre-donation normotension.
IMPACT OF EXTRACELLULAR WATER ON BLOOD PRESSURE DEPENDING ON AGE AND GENDER IN THE CROSS SECTION STUDY KARDIOVIZE 2030
Authors: Prosecky Robert , Novak Jan , Kovacovicova Petra , Hrabcakova Maria , Kunzova Sarka , Kruzliak Peter 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
A random sample of 2146 volunteers from the Brno population aged 25-64 (1173 women and 973 men) was selected as part of the Kardiovision 2030 cross-section study. Study participants were approached based on the databases of health insurance companies and examined using the Czech Post-MONICA Study methodology.

Design and method:
Data from the Kardiovize 2030 study were used for the purposes of the work. Basic anthropometric data, blood pressure values, history of hypertension and measurements by direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance method were obtained. Study participants were approached based on the databases of health insurance companies. We characterized the majority of hypertensives in our group with simple parameters such as fat tissue and body water in different compartments by multichannel bioimpedance analysis.

Results:
The chance of hypertension occurs when the extracellular water (ECW) increases by 1 L
The Impact of extracellular water demonstrated by spatial thin-plate models increase with age.

Conclusions:
The impact of extracellular water on the level of pressure is statistically significant against the normotonic population. Extracellular pressure has a major influence on systolic pressure and its influence increases with age. The impact of ECW is greater in women.
BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, KIDNEY DISEASES AND DEMENTIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO HYPERTENSION IN FRANCE
Authors: Grave Clémence , Bonaldi Christophe , Carcaillon-Bentata Laure , Gabet Amélie , Blacher Jacques , Olié Valérie 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Cardiovascular and renal diseases and dementia constitute major hypertension-related conditions and have a high burden for public health. The aim of our study was to estimate the burden of these diseases attributable to hypertension in France by providing the number of hospital stays and deaths attributable to hypertension in 2017.

Design and method:
Age- and sex-specific attributable fractions were calculated by combining relative risks extracted from the literature with the prevalence of hypertension (defined as a systolic blood pressure higher than 140mmHg) estimated in the Esteban Study, a national representative survey. These fractions were applied to the nationwide statistics of death and hospitalization stays with a primary diagnosis for cardiovascular or renal diseases, or dementia whose risk is known to increase with hypertension. Data were extracted from the French National Health Insurance Information System (SNDS) which contains nationwide and exhaustive hospital stays and deaths occurring in France.

Results:
In France in 2017, 1 043 207 hospital stays and 185 459 deaths related to cardiovascular, renal or dementia condition occurred. Of these, 164 093 hospital stays (119 640 in men and 44 453 in women) and 35 017 deaths (17 436 in men and 16 142 in women) were estimated to be attributable to hypertension, representing 16% of all cardiovascular, renal and dementia-related hospital stays and 19% of all cardiovascular renal and dementia deaths. Regarding the attributable fraction, the largest impact was observed on hemorrhagic stroke (26.8% of cases attributable to hypertension in men and 15.8% in women) and on ischemic heart disease (25.0% in men and 15.4% in women). For all cardiovascular diseases the highest attributable fraction were reach in adults aged 55-74 years old.

Conclusions:
In France, the burden attributable to hypertension is high and is expected to increase in the coming years given the aging of the population. The reduction of the burden attributable to hypertension requires ambitious public health policies aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles but also an improvement in the awareness and management of hypertension, which has not improved over the last 20 years, unlike in several other European countries.
CHANGES IN HEALTH BEHAVIORS FOLLOWING A HYPERTENSION DIAGNOSIS: THE KOREAN GENOME AND EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY (2003-2018)
Authors: Ahn Song Vogue , Ro Hyojin , Lee Sihoon 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The management of hypertension requires a healthy lifestyle. However, it is unclear if individuals change their health behaviors after being diagnosed with hypertension. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and obesity following hypertension diagnosis using data from a community-based cohort.

Design and method:
We analyzed 5091 participants without hypertension at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study between 2003 and 2018. Participants were classified into the hypertension diagnosis group if they were diagnosed with hypertension by a physician during follow-up. Biennial health check-ups were used to measure health behaviors including smoking, drinking, exercise, and obesity. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the differences by group and time and group-by-time interactions.

Results:
The group diagnosed with hypertension was more obese than the group not diagnosed with hypertension (p < 0.001). However, smoking (p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p < 0.001) decreased over time in all participants, and exercise (p < 0.001) increased. A group-by-time interaction was observed for smoking, with the group diagnosed with hypertension exhibiting greater reductions in smoking over time (p = 0.005). There were no significant interactions found for other behaviors.

Conclusions:
Our study provides limited evidence that a hypertension diagnosis alone may not be enough to encourage behavior change, except for smoking reduction. Thus, strategies to motivate behavior change need to be identified, given the importance of a healthy lifestyle in hypertension management.
APELIN AS A POTENTIAL DOWNSTREAM MEDIATOR OF THE IGF-1 CARDIOPROTECTIVE PATHWAY IN THE HYPERTROPHIED MYOCARDIUM OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Yeves Alejandra , Coto Joshua Godoy , Cavalli Fiorella , Pereyra Erica , Enni Irene 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Hypertension is a complex cardiovascular disease and contributes to worldwide morbidity and mortality associated to the development of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy and the progression of heart failure. Hypertensive myocardium is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and redox disbalance. On the other hand, aerobic exercise upregulates several humoral factors such as insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and apelin, involved in cardioprotective effects. Particularly, whether apelin mediates IGF-1 cardioprotective effects by an autocrine paracrine mechanism is not clear yet.
Objective. To determine the acute effects of IGF-1/apelin on oxidative stress and mitochondrial status, as well as the possible crosstalk between the signaling pathways triggered by them in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) myocardium.

Design and method:
Adult SHR isolated hearts or cardiomyocytes were perfused during 10 min in the presence or absence of IGF-1 or apelin, and the specific antagonist of their receptors (AG1024 and ML221 for IGF1R and APJ, respectively). We explored reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, SOD activity, APJ cellular distribution, mitochondrial membrane potential (↖ ⇘) and permeability transition pore opening through the calcium retention capacity (CRC).

Results:
IGF-1 exerted an antioxidant effect evidenced by an increase in SOD activity (U/mg, IGF-1: 59.8±5.2, vs Control: 41.6±3) and decrease in ROS production (%, IGF-1: 66±12, vs Control: 100±8). In mitochondria, IGF-1 prevented loss induced by H2O2 (IGF-1: 0.934±0.016, vs Control: 0.827±0.027) and increased CRC (IGF-1: 251±34, vs Control: 135±23).
Interestingly, IGF-1 upregulated APJ expression (IGF-1: 175.8±27.7 vs Control: 100±16 % mRNA) while favoring its translocation to the sarcolemma (Pearson coefficient: IGF-1: 0.880±0.011 vs Control: 0.758±0.031) in isolated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, exogenous apelin was able to emulate IGF-1 antioxidant and mitochondrial actions (SOD: 64±5.3 U/mg; ROS: 64± 7 %; ↖ ⇘ loss induced by H2O2: 0.981±0.025 and CRC 264±31). These effects were prevented by inhibition of APJ (Apelin+ML221: SOD: 33±4.4, CRC: 84±17, 0.808±0.042) but not by AG1024 (Apelin+AG: 0.985±0.068, CRC: 245±47).

Conclusions:
In conclusion, our data suggest that IGF-1 by sequentially activating its own receptor and the apelin/APJ pathway is responsible for cardioprotection. Therefore, apelin emerges as a downstream effector of the cardiac IGF-1 signaling pathway.
POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS OF AGT (RS4762) AND GNB3 (RS5443) GENES AS RISK FACTORS FOR SEVERE ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Voroniuk Kseniia , Sydorchuk Larysa , Hinhuliak Oleksandr , Repchuk Yuliia , Semianiv Marianna , Sokolenko Alina , Biletsky Semen , Ivashchuk Sergiy , Petrynych Oksana , Kazantseva Tetiana , Dzhuriak Valentyna 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of AGT (rs4762) and GNB3 (rs5443) gene polymorphisms as risk factors for severe hypertension.

Design and method:
The case-control study involved 100 patients with EAH stage II, 1-3 degrees of blood pressure (BP), high and very high cardiovascular risk. Among the patients there were 21% (21) men, 79% (79) women. The mean age of patients was 59.86±6.22 y.o. The control group consisted of 60 almost healthy individuals with relevant age (49.13±6.28y.o.) and gender distribution (63% - women, 37% - men). The AGT (rs4762) gene polymorphism was studied by a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time.

Results:
Severity of EAH does not depend on polymorphic variants of AGT (rs4762) and GNB3 (rs5443) genes. The distribution showed no statistically significant differences in the aforementioned distribution. Individuals with the first degree of hypertension met more often with the CC genotype of the GNB3 gene (rs5443) by 22.23% than among patients with the T allele (x2 = 3,66; p = 0,055) in patients with EAH.

Conclusions:
Epidemiological analysis did not confirm the polymorphic variants of the AGT (rs4762) and GNB3 (rs5443) genes as predictors of the severe course of EAH according to the degrees of BP elevation.
RISK CONFERRED BY POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS OF VITAMIN D RECEPTOR (VDR) AND ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR (AGTR1) GENES FOR ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Semianiv Marianna , Sydorchuk Larysa , Biletsky Semen , Petrynych Oksana , Kazantseva Tetyana , Repchuk Yuliaya , Semianiv Ihor , Sokolenko Alina , Yarynych Yuliaya , Voroniuk Ksenia , Dzhuriak Valentina 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to establish the role of 1166A>C polymorphism of the AGTR1 gene (rs5186) and A/G polymorphism of the VDR gene (rs2228570) in risk prediction of essential hypertension (EH).

Design and method:
The study included patients with EH and hypertensive-mediated organs damage (2nd stage), moderate, high/very high cardiovascular risk. 100 subjects were involved in the case-control study. There were 70.84% females, 29.16% males among them, the mean age was 57.86±7.81 yo. Age- and gender-matched controls (n = 60) whose blood pressure measurements were in normal range and without any apparent diseases were randomly selected to compare with the patient data. In order to detect AGTR1 (rs5186) and VDR (rs2228570) gene polymorphism the qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was done. AGTR1 gene genotyping was performed for 72 patients and 48 healthy individuals and VDR gene – for 100 patients and 60 healthy subjects.

Results:
The distribution of genotypes and alleles AGTR1 (rs5186) and VDR (rs2228570) in the study and control groups did not differ significantly (p>0.05). C-allele of AGTR1 gene (rs5186) increases the risk of EAH more than 2 times [OR–2.31; 95% CI OR:1.19–4.47; p = 0.011], as well as AC- and the combination of AC- + CC-genotypes [OR–2.09; 95% CI OR:1.03–4.25; p = 0.038 and OR–2.30; 95% CI OR:1.14–4.64; p = 0.017]. The epidemiological analysis showed that polymorphic variants VDR (rs2228570) genes are not the risk factors of EH in the observed. Although, the combination of wild alleles of both genes in the homozygous state (AAAGTR1/AAVDR) makes a protective effect [OR = 0,42; OR 95%CI:0,18-1,0; ⇙2 = 3,74; p = 0,05], the combination of minor alleles (C-allele AGTR1 /AAVDR+C-allele AGTR1/AGVDR) increases the risk of EH more than threefold [OR = 3,36; OR 95%CI:1,24-9,09; ⇙2 = 5,88; p = 0,015].

Conclusions:
Genotypes and alleles of VDR (rs2228570) gene are not associated with the risk of developing EH in the examined. C-allele of AGTR1 gene (rs5186) increases the risk of hypertension more than 2 times [OR–2.31; p = 0.011]. Combination of minor C-allele of AGTR1 gene and A-allele of VDR gene (C-allele AGTR1 /AAVDR+C-allele AGTR1/AGVDR) escalates the risk of EH more than 3 times [OR = 3,36; p = 0,015].