bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating and transplanting revolution: the circulation of discourses on the American Revolution between China and Japan
Authors: Chen Fei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe American Revolution, as recent studies have shown, was appropriated by Chinese revolutionaries to use in their anti-Manchu propaganda in the early twentieth century. Few scholars have fully recognised Japan's important role in mediating Chinese revolutionaries’ understanding of the American Revolution. This article aims to bridge the gaps in existing scholarship through a close reading of Chinese and Japanese writings on the American Revolution in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I will show that Chinese and Japanese elites’ understanding of the American Revolution was structured by the changing power relations between China, Japan, and the West. Before Chinese and Japanese elites internalised the ideology of Western cultural superiority, the former inspired the latter to see the American Revolution through a Confucian lens. After the ideology of Western cultural superiority became entrenched in Japan, Japanese elites reinterpreted the American Revolution through the lens of Western ideas of liberty, civil rights, and popular sovereignty. Their new interpretation, in turn, inspired Chinese revolutionaries in Meiji Japan to view the American Revolution as a model for their anti-Manchu revolution in the 1900s when the ideology of Western cultural superiority started to take root in China.
Characterization of chickpea cultivars and trait specific germplasm for grain protein content and amino acids composition and identification of potential donors for genetic improvement of its nutritional quality
Authors: Grewal Satvir Kaur , Sharma Kanu Priya , Bharadwaj Rachana D. , Hegde Venkatraman , Sidhu Sukhpreet Kaur , Singh Sarvjeet , Jain Pradeep Kumar , Rasool Souliha , Arya Dev Kumar , Agrawal Pawan Kumar , Mondal Biswajit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEver increasing global population necessitates the need to increase availability of affordable foods with high nutritional quality. Chickpea being the second most important grain legume cultivated worldwide has the great potential to alleviate problems of protein malnutrition and hidden hunger. The objective of the present investigation was to characterize a diverse set of 402 germplasm comprising of more than 100 commercial cultivars widely cultivated and utilized by breeders for grain protein in two contrasting environments to explore the magnitude of natural genotypic diversity present in the cultivated chickpea and the scope for enhancing it and its quality through breeding. The cultivars containing more than 25 to 30.44% grain protein have been found in the study and large scale production of such protein rich cultivars is expected to increase availability as well as consumption of high quality chickpea necessary to overcome all forms of malnutrition. Trait specific germplasm containing grain protein up to 33.56% are also identified for their further utilization as potential donors in the chickpea improvement programme. The amino acid profiling of selected high and low protein containing genotypes showed considerably greater average amino acid score for all the essential amino acids than the WHO recommended requirement values and is comparable to those of the ‘complete protein’ sources of food suggesting that chickpea deserves to be considered as a ‘complete protein’ source.
Spillover effects of financial incentives for providers onto non-targeted patients: daycase surgery in English hospitals
Authors: Britteon Philip , Kristensen Søren Rud , Lau Yiu-Shing , McDonald Ruth , Sutton Matt 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncentives for healthcare providers may also affect non-targeted patients. These spillover effects have important implications for the full impact and evaluation of incentive schemes. However, there are few studies on the extent of such spillovers in health care. We investigated whether incentives to perform surgical procedures as daycases affected whether other elective procedures in the same specialties were also treated as daycases.Data8,505,754 patients treated for 92 non-targeted procedures in 127 hospital trusts in England between April and March 2016.MethodsInterrupted time series analysis of the probability of being treated as a daycase for non-targeted patients treated in six specialties where targeted patients were also treated and three specialties where they were not.ResultsThe daycase rate initially increased (1.04 percentage points, SE: 0.30) for patients undergoing a non-targeted procedure in incentivised specialties but then reduced over time. Conversely, the daycase rate gradually decreased over time for patients treated in a non-incentivised specialty.DiscussionSpillovers from financial incentives have variable effects over different activities and over time. Policymakers and researchers should consider the possibility of spillovers in the design and evaluation of incentive schemes.
Phase nonlinearity reduction of a complex receiver having multiple phase correlators
Authors: Sarkar Mahadev , Raghu B. R. , Sivakumar R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes and describes phase nonlinearity reduction techniques in detail for ultra wideband complex receivers to qualify airborne system requirements. Phase nonlinearity directly affects the final frequency resolution coming from unknown threats. Thereby, the reduction of phase nonlinearity of all radio frequency (RF) channels including phase correlators is very essential. A simple phase nonlinearity calculation step has been shown in this article without taking the help of any coding (software). A detail excel sheet–based phase nonlinearity calculation has been explained and estimated with examples. Power and phase corrections are especially done to keep the RF response flat over a wide frequency spectrum to enhance better phase linearity. This is done by designing various equalizers with different slope gradients and adjusting power levels by using attenuation pads or reducing feeds by other means. Phase nonlinearity has been kept under control by tracking the phase of mixers, other passive/active components within ±5°, and all the RF channels within ±15°. The power level has been adjusted within P1dB or just beyond the P1dB to keep the harmonic level less, which in turn controls phase nonlinearity in all the active devices. The performance of phase correlators against various power levels has been analyzed to finalize uniform RF and LO power levels (feed) at the input of the phase correlators. The level of uniform feed has been decided after reviewing phase nonlinearity responses of the correlators. Thus, the final resolved frequency become accurate (<3 MHz root mean square). Finally, four receivers have successfully been developed and evaluated over temperature (−40°C to +71°C) and vibration to establish the method for mass production.
RF sensor dedicated to the dielectric characterization of spheroids between 500 MHz and 20 GHz
Authors: Peytral-Rieu Olivia , Dubuc David , Grenier Katia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo achieve better accuracy in their investigations, biologists have recently been using three-dimensional models as intermediates between two-dimensional cell culture and the in vivo study of tissues. Some of these models are based on spheroids, which are cellular aggregates retaining many characteristics of in vivo behaviors while being still easy to use and implement in labs. To study such objects, multiple observation techniques can be used according to the objective of the study, including those using electromagnetic waves as nondestructive, noninvasive, and label-free analysis. Low-frequency (<1 MHz) ones are currently under investigation as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. However, unlike microwaves (from 300 MHz to 60 GHz), they cannot penetrate the cell. Furthermore, most of the devices dedicated to microwave dielectric characterization are only focusing on cellular scales lower than spheroids (single cell, cell mats, or suspensions) or on tissues and organs. In this article, a microwave spectroscopy device using a coplanar waveguide adapted to the study of spheroids is presented with the dielectric characterization of fixed spheroids, with capacitance and conductance measurements from 0.5 to 20 GHz, aiming at filling the scale gap in the state of the art.
Asyl, Schutz und Gewalt
Authors: Fischer Carolin 
Published: May 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Asyl bietet Geflüchteten rechtlichen Schutz vor Gewalt und Verfolgung. Ob Asyl auch eine Grundlage für Gewaltfreiheit und einen lebenswerten Alltag schafft, bleibt fraglich. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Mittels theoretischer Ansätze der sozialwissenschaftlichen Gewaltforschung beleuchtet dieser Beitrag das Zusammenspiel von Asyl, Schutz und Gewalt. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Um zu verstehen, wie Gewalt das Leben anerkannter Geflüchteter prägt, ist es wichtig, deren Geschichten zu hören. Dies gelingt nur durch sorgfältigen Beziehungsaufbau und eine akzeptierende wertschätzende Haltung.
Geflüchteten Menschen begegnen
Authors: Laimbacher Sabrina , Gröble Sabrina 
Published: May 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt? Eine Flucht bedeutet für Betroffene einen einschneidenden, oft langwierigen Prozess, der mit Entwurzelung, Reisen und Eingliederung an einem neuen Ort einhergeht. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Neben Fluchterlebnissen wirken sich diverse post-migratorische Herausforderungen maßgeblich auf die Alltagsgestaltung und psychische Gesundheit Betroffener aus. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Psychiatrische Pflegefachpersonen übernehmen in der Begleitung von Geflüchteten eine zentrale Rolle. Eine sensibilisierte Begegnung und die Entwicklung von transkategorialer Kompetenz fördern das gegenseitige Verständnis füreinander und den Vertrauensaufbau in der Beziehung.
Evolution of a Cold Intra‐Transform Ridge Segment Through Oceanic Core Complex Splitting and Mantle Exhumation, St. Paul Transform System, Equatorial Atlantic
Authors: Vincent Clément , Maia Marcia , Briais Anne , Brunelli Daniele , Ligi Marco , Sichel Susanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccretionary processes at mid‐ocean ridge segments with low magma input have seldom been investigated over the long term. The evolution of such magma‐starved segments over time is still largely unknown. We present a study on the structure and evolution of the southernmost intra‐transform ridge segment of the St. Paul Transform Fault System in the Equatorial Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, based on new bathymetry, gravity, and rock sampling data. We show that this area evolves differently from previously described tectonics along ridge segments of similar spreading rate. On the flanks of the axial ridge segment, we observe a succession of structures exhumed by detachment faulting, evolving from east‐facing, long‐lived, corrugated oceanic core complexes (∼6 Ma ago), to short‐lived detachment faults exposing lower crust and mantle rocks and facing alternatively east and west in the more recent part of the segment. The oldest detachment faults have been repeatedly split and partially transferred to the opposite flank through the formation of new detachments into the footwall. The terminations of three old, east‐facing detachments are observed on the east flank of the segment. The westward relocations of the plate boundary appear to compensate for the asymmetry of accretion through detachment faulting, overall creating the same amount of lithosphere on both flanks of the ridge. We interpret the observed changes in the time of the accretionary processes to reflect a decrease of the melt supply over the last ∼6 Myr.
Distinctly Different Dynamical Processes in Maintaining the Intraseasonal NAO+ and NAO−
Authors: Ma Jiwang , Liang X. San 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPositive feedback between high‐frequency eddies and low‐frequency processes is believed to play an essential role in the NAO evolution. In this study, however, it is found that the previously well‐studied upscale forcing to the intraseasonal scale window is mostly limited during the phase NAO−, but almost disappears during NAO+. The maintenance of the intraseasonal NAO+ is by a strong barotropic instability of the basic flow, which has been overlooked previously. The divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor that decelerates the basic flow is found to account for this asymmetry. For NAO−, there also exist strong interactions between the basic flow and the intraseasonal component, but the energy transfer is in a dipolar form, which, if integrated over space, contributes insignificantly as a whole. These new findings from a dynamics viewpoint shed insight deeper into NAO, a climate mode playing a key role in the Northern Hemisphere warming.
Study on the controllability of the fabrication of single-crystal silicon nanopores/nanoslits with a fast-stop ionic current-monitored TSWE method
Authors: Hong Hao , Wei Jiangtao , Lei Xin , Chen Haiyun , Sarro Pasqualina M. , Zhang Guoqi , Liu Zewen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe application of single-crystal silicon (SCS) nanopore structures in single-molecule-based analytical devices is an emerging approach for the separation and analysis of nanoparticles. The key challenge is to fabricate individual SCS nanopores with precise sizes in a controllable and reproducible way. This paper introduces a fast-stop ionic current-monitored three-step wet etching (TSWE) method for the controllable fabrication of SCS nanopores. Since the nanopore size has a quantitative relationship with the corresponding ionic current, it can be regulated by controlling the ionic current. Thanks to the precise current-monitored and self-stop system, an array of nanoslits with a feature size of only 3 nm was obtained, which is the smallest size ever reported using the TSWE method. Furthermore, by selecting different current jump ratios, individual nanopores of specific sizes were controllably prepared, and the smallest deviation from the theoretical value was 1.4 nm. DNA translocation measurement results revealed that the prepared SCS nanopores possessed the excellent potential to be applied in biosensing.
Use of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer multiple myeloma module (EORTC QLQ-MY20): a review of the literature 25 years after development
Authors: Forde K. , Cocks K. , Wells J. R. , McMillan I. , Kyriakou C. ,   EORTC Quality of Life Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Multiple Myeloma Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-MY20) was developed in 1996 to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with multiple myeloma. Since its development new therapies have prolonged survival in patients with myeloma and new combination agents are likely to impact HRQoL outcomes and its measurement.The aim of this review was to explore the use of the QLQ-MY20 and reported methodological issues.An electronic database search was conducted (1996-June 2020) to identify clinical studies/research that used the QLQ-MY20 or assessed its psychometric properties. Data were extracted from full-text publications/conference abstracts and checked by a second rater.The search returned 65 clinical and 9 psychometric validation studies. The QLQ-MY20 was used in interventional (n = 21, 32%) and observational (n = 44, 68%) studies and the publication of QLQ-MY20 data in clinical trials increased over time. Clinical studies commonly included relapsed patients with myeloma patients (n = 15, 68%) and assessed a range of combinations therapies.QLQ-MY20 subscales (disease symptoms [DS], side effects of treatment [SE], future perspectives [FP], body image [BI]) were defined as secondary (n = 12, 55%) or exploratory (n = 7, 32%) trial endpoints, particularly DS (n = 16, 72%) and SE (n = 16, 72%). Validation articles demonstrated that all domains performed well regarding internal consistency reliability (>0.7), test-reset reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > =0.85), internal and external convergent and discriminant validity. Four articles reported a high percentage of ceiling effects in the BI subscale; all other subscales performed well regarding floor and ceiling effects.The EORTC QLQ-MY20 remains a widely used and psychometrically robust instrument. While no specific problems were identified from the published literature, qualitative interviews are ongoing to ensure new concepts and side effects are included that may arise from patients receiving novel treatments or from longer survival with multiple lines of treatment.
HUNK inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC via direct phosphorylation of GEF-H1 and activating RhoA/LIMK-1/CFL-1
Authors: Han Xiaoqi , Jiang Siyuan , Gu Yinmin , Ding Lihua , Zhao Enhao , Cao Dongxing , Wang Xiaodong , Wen Ya , Pan Yongbo , Yan Xin , Duan Liqiang , Sun Minxuan , Zhou Tao , Liu Yajuan , Hu Hongbo , Ye Qinong , Gao Shan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with the invasive and metastatic phenotypes in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms underlying EMT in CRC are not completely understood. In this study, we find that HUNK inhibits EMT and metastasis of CRC cells via its substrate GEF-H1 in a kinase-dependent manner. Mechanistically, HUNK directly phosphorylates GEF-H1 at serine 645 (S645) site, which activates RhoA and consequently leads to a cascade of phosphorylation of LIMK-1/CFL-1, thereby stabilizing F-actin and inhibiting EMT. Clinically, the levels of both HUNK expression and phosphorylation S645 of GEH-H1 are not only downregulated in CRC tissues with metastasis compared with that without metastasis, but also positively correlated among these tissues. Our findings highlight the importance of HUNK kinase direct phosphorylation of GEF-H1 in regulation of EMT and metastasis of CRC.
Identification of indocyanine green as a STT3B inhibitor against mushroom α-amanitin cytotoxicity
Authors: Wang Bei , Wan Arabella H. , Xu Yu , Zhang Ruo-Xin , Zhao Ben-Chi , Zhao Xin-Yuan , Shi Yan-Chuan , Zhang Xiaolei , Xue Yongbo , Luo Yong , Deng Yinyue , Neely G. Gregory , Wan Guohui , Wang Qiao-Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe “death cap”, Amanita phalloides, is the world’s most poisonous mushroom, responsible for 90% of mushroom-related fatalities. The most fatal component of the death cap is α-amanitin. Despite its lethal effect, the exact mechanisms of how α-amanitin poisons humans remain unclear, leading to no specific antidote available for treatment. Here we show that STT3B is required for α-amanitin toxicity and its inhibitor, indocyanine green (ICG), can be used as a specific antidote. By combining a genome-wide CRISPR screen with an in silico drug screening and in vivo functional validation, we discover that N-glycan biosynthesis pathway and its key component, STT3B, play a crucial role in α-amanitin toxicity and that ICG is a STT3B inhibitor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ICG is effective in blocking the toxic effect of α-amanitin in cells, liver organoids, and male mice, resulting in an overall increase in animal survival. Together, by combining a genome-wide CRISPR screen for α-amanitin toxicity with an in silico drug screen and functional validation in vivo, our study highlights ICG as a STT3B inhibitor against the mushroom toxin.
A pesticide and iPSC dopaminergic neuron screen identifies and classifies Parkinson-relevant pesticides
Authors: Paul Kimberly C. , Krolewski Richard C. , Lucumi Moreno Edinson , Blank Jack , Holton Kristina M. , Ahfeldt Tim , Furlong Melissa , Yu Yu , Cockburn Myles , Thompson Laura K. , Kreymerman Alexander , Ricci-Blair Elisabeth M. , Li Yu Jun , Patel Heer B. , Lee Richard T. , Bronstein Jeff , Rubin Lee L. , Khurana Vikram , Ritz Beate 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with etiology rooted in genetic vulnerability and environmental factors. Here we combine quantitative epidemiologic study of pesticide exposures and PD with toxicity screening in dopaminergic neurons derived from PD patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to identify Parkinson’s-relevant pesticides. Agricultural records enable investigation of 288 specific pesticides and PD risk in a comprehensive, pesticide-wide association study. We associate long-term exposure to 53 pesticides with PD and identify co-exposure profiles. We then employ a live-cell imaging screening paradigm exposing dopaminergic neurons to 39 PD-associated pesticides. We find that 10 pesticides are directly toxic to these neurons. Further, we analyze pesticides typically used in combinations in cotton farming, demonstrating that co-exposures result in greater toxicity than any single pesticide. We find trifluralin is a driver of toxicity to dopaminergic neurons and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our paradigm may prove useful to mechanistically dissect pesticide exposures implicated in PD risk and guide agricultural policy.
Flood hazard potential reveals global floodplain settlement patterns
Authors: Devitt Laura , Neal Jeffrey , Coxon Gemma , Savage James , Wagener Thorsten 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlooding is one of the most common natural hazards, causing disastrous impacts worldwide. Stress-testing the global human-Earth system to understand the sensitivity of floodplains and population exposure to a range of plausible conditions is one strategy to identify where future changes to flooding or exposure might be most critical. This study presents a global analysis of the sensitivity of inundated areas and population exposure to varying flood event magnitudes globally for 1.2 million river reaches. Here we show that topography and drainage areas correlate with flood sensitivities as well as with societal behaviour. We find clear settlement patterns in which floodplains most sensitive to frequent, low magnitude events, reveal evenly distributed exposure across hazard zones, suggesting that people have adapted to this risk. In contrast, floodplains most sensitive to extreme magnitude events have a tendency for populations to be most densely settled in these rarely flooded zones, being in significant danger from potentially increasing hazard magnitudes given climate change.
Phase-separation facilitated one-step fabrication of multiscale heterogeneous two-aqueous-phase gel
Authors: Chen Feipeng , Li Xiufeng , Yu Yafeng , Li Qingchuan , Lin Haisong , Xu Lizhi , Shum Ho Cheung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEngineering heterogeneous hydrogels with distinct phases at various lengths, which resemble biological tissues with high complexity, remains challenging by existing fabricating techniques that require complicated procedures and are often only applicable at bulk scales. Here, inspired by ubiquitous phase separation phenomena in biology, we present a one-step fabrication method based on aqueous phase separation to construct two-aqueous-phase gels that comprise multiple phases with distinct physicochemical properties. The gels fabricated by this approach exhibit enhanced interfacial mechanics compared with their counterparts obtained from conventional layer-by-layer methods. Moreover, two-aqueous-phase gels with programmable structures and tunable physicochemical properties can be conveniently constructed by adjusting the polymer constituents, gelation conditions, and combining different fabrication techniques, such as 3D-printing. The versatility of our approach is demonstrated by mimicking the key features of several biological architectures at different lengths: macroscale muscle-tendon connections; mesoscale cell patterning; microscale molecular compartmentalization. The present work advances the fabrication approach for designing heterogeneous multifunctional materials for various technological and biomedical applications.