bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the reliability of pediatric emergency medicine billing code assignment for future consideration as a proxy workload measure
Authors: Park Justin M. , McDonald Erica , Buren Yijinmide , McInnes Gord , Doan Quynh 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
Prediction of pediatric emergency department (PED) workload can allow for optimized allocation of resources to improve patient care and reduce physician burnout. A measure of PED workload is thus required, but to date no variable has been consistently used or could be validated against for this purpose. Billing codes, a variable assigned by physicians to reflect the complexity of medical decision making, have the potential to be a proxy measure of PED workload but must be assessed for reliability. In this study, we investigated how reliably billing codes are assigned by PED physicians, and factors that affect the inter-rater reliability of billing code assignment.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was completed to determine the reliability of billing code assigned by physicians (n = 150) at a quaternary-level PED between January 2018 and December 2018. Clinical visit information was extracted from health records and presented to a billing auditor, who independently assigned a billing code–considered as the criterion standard. Inter-rater reliability was calculated to assess agreement between the physician-assigned versus billing auditor-assigned billing codes. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between covariables of interest and inter-rater reliability.

Results
Overall, we found substantial inter-rater reliability (AC2 0.72 [95% CI 0.64–0.8]) between the billing codes assigned by physicians compared to those assigned by the billing auditor. Adjusted logistic regression models controlling for Pediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity scores, disposition, and time of day suggest that clinical trainee involvement is significantly associated with increased inter-rater reliability.

Conclusions
Our work identified that there is substantial agreement between PED physician and a billing auditor assigned billing codes, and thus are reliably assigned by PED physicians. This is a crucial step in validating billing codes as a potential proxy measure of pediatric emergency physician workload.
USP4 promotes the proliferation and glucose metabolism of gastric cancer cells by upregulating PKM2
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Guo Yunfei , Yuan Mei , Guo Song , Cui Shuaishuai , Chen Dahu 
Published: August 2023

Background
The pyruvate kinase enzyme PKM2 catalyzes the final step in glycolysis and converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate. PKM2 is often overexpressed in cancer and plays a role in the Warburg effect. The expression of PKM2 can be regulated at different levels. While it has been proven that PKM2 can be regulated by ubiquitination, little is known about its de-ubiquitination regulation.

Methods
Immunoprecipitation was applied to identify the PKM2 interaction protein and to determine the interaction region between PKM2 and USP4. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the cellular localization of USP4 and PKM2. The regulation of PKM2 by USP4 was examined by western blot and ubiquitination assay. MTT assays, glucose uptake, and lactate production were performed to analyze the biological effects of USP4 in gastric cancer cells.

Results
USP4 interacts with PKM2 and catalyzes the de-ubiquitination of PKM2. Overexpression of USP4 promotes cell proliferation, glucose uptake, and lactate production in gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of USP4 reduces PKM2 levels and results in a reduction in cell proliferation and the glycolysis rate.

Conclusions
USP4 plays a tumor-promoting role in gastric cancer cells by regulating PKM2.
Through the Fairness Lens: Experimental Analysis and Evaluation of Entity Matching
Authors: Shahbazi Nima , Danevski Nikola , Nargesian Fatemeh , Asudeh Abolfazl , Srivastava Divesh 
Published: August 2023

Entity matching (EM) is a challenging problem studied by different communities for over half a century. Algorithmic fairness has also become a timely topic to address machine bias and its societal impacts. Despite extensive research on these two topics, little attention has been paid to the fairness of entity matching.
Towards addressing this gap, we perform an extensive experimental evaluation of a variety of EM techniques in this paper. We generated two social datasets from publicly available datasets for the purpose of auditing EM through the lens of fairness. Our findings underscore potential unfairness under two common conditions in real-world societies: (i) when some demographic groups are over-represented, and (ii) when names are more similar in some groups compared to others. Among our many findings, it is noteworthy to mention that while various fairness definitions are valuable for different settings, due to EM's class imbalance nature, measures such as positive predictive value parity and true positive rate parity are, in general, more capable of revealing EM unfairness.
Administrative Discretion in U. S. Banking Regulation
Authors: Tarullo Daniel K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

992U.S. banking regulators have considerable discretion in developing and enforcing prudential rules. Regulators have also enjoyed wide discretion in exercising supervisory authority over banks, in order to guard against potential safety and soundness risks that are not covered by the rules. However, recent developments in U.S. administrative law may create some conflict with that broad discretion. Whether or not this conflict comes to pass, a form of judicial review that focuses less on individual supervisory actions, and more on the overall framework within which the supervisory function is carried out, is a more promising way to achieve the administrative law aims of fairness and consistency.
Novel PAX4 variant in a child and family with diabetes mellitus – case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lee Yee-Lin , Ting Tzer-Hwu , Lim Chong-Teik , Arrumugam-Arthini Crystal , Karuppiah Thilakavathy , Ling King-Hwa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
PAX4 (Paired box 4), a transcription factor crucial in pancreatic beta cell development and function, is a rare cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). What is new? A novel PAX4 variant is verified by family segregation study to be likely pathogenic. A child below 10 years of age diagnosed to have PAX4-MODY, differing from previously reported paediatric cases diagnosed in adolescence.

Case presentation
A child with diabetes diagnosed at age 8 years, harbored a PAX4 variant, c.890G>A (p.Gly297Asp), initially classified as variant of uncertain significance. Eleven family members (7 adults and 4 children) with and without diabetes across 3 generations were genotyped. The variant co-segregated with diabetes or prediabetes across 3 generations of the family. The variant is reclassified as likely pathogenic according to standard guidelines.

Conclusions
Genetic testing is essential to confirm PAX4-MODY as the presentation is variable even within the same family. PAX4 mutation needs to be considered in MODY genetic testing in Asian patients.
The effect of problem-solving skills on blood glucose regulation and disease management in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mutluer Tuba , Aslan Genç Herdem , Demir Tuana , Demirel Çağrı , Bakır Çiçek Nur , Necef Işıl , Muradoğlu Serra , Yeşiltepe Mutlu Gül , Hatun Şükrü 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between problem-solving skills, glucose regulation, and disease management in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as well as the role of depression in this association.

Methods
The participants (n=54) were recruited from a diabetes camp. Problem-solving inventory (PSI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and diabetes self-management profile (DSMP) were administered as tests. Forty-six participants who have been diagnosed with T1DM for at least a year and completed the survey were included in the analyses. Participants were categorized into high and low depression groups based on the median split. Student’s t-test was used to detect demographic differences in groups. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between PSI, HbA1c, and DSMP. Regressions for PSI and DSMP were repeated in low and high-depression groups.

Results
Of the 46 participants with T1DM, 52 % were female, with a mean age of 13.96 ± 1.94 (range 10–17). Avoidant and monitoring style of problem solving as well as the total score of PSI significantly predicted HbA1c levels. Impulsive and avoidant style of problem solving, problem-solving confidence, and total scores of PSI significantly predicted DSMP (p<0.05). The high depression group had a significantly higher DSMP score than the low depression group (p=0.001), with no difference in HbA1c levels (p=0.968). When the DSMP regressions were repeated, no significant associations were seen in the low depression group. Avoidant style of problem solving, problem-solving confidence, and the total score of PSI significantly predicted DSMP in the high depression group (p<0.005).

Conclusions
Problem solving-skills are essential in children with T1DM for a successful disease management. Depression modulates the association between the problem-solving and self-management profile.
Bioprocess intensification with model-assisted DoE-strategies for the production of biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Möller Johannes , Kuchemüller Kim B. , Pörtner Ralf 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The demand for highly effective biopharmaceuticals and the need to reduce manufacturing costs are increasing the pressure to develop productive and efficient bioprocesses. For this purpose, model-based process design concepts have been developed. Although first approaches were proposed, model-based process designs are still not state-of-the-art for cell culture processes during development or manufacturing. This highlights a need for improved methods and tools for optimal experimental design, optimal and robust process design and process optimization for the purposes of monitoring and control during manufacturing. In this review, an overview of the state of the art of model-based methods, their applications, further challenges, possible solutions and specific case studies for intensification of process development for production of biopharmaceuticals is presented. As a special focus, problems related to data generation (culture systems, process mode, specifically designed experiments) will be addressed.
Effect of different boron sources on the copper borates in solid-state synthesis
Authors: Senberber Dumanli Fatma Tugce , Kavci Karaagac Sibel , Kipcak Azmi Seyhun , Moroydor Derun Emek 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The copper borate of CuB2O4 in tetragonal form was successfully synthesized as a single-phase by using a solid-state method without using any modifying agent. For the designed experimental procedure, the optimized reaction conditions were estimated as a reaction temperature of 950 °C, reaction time of 240 min, argon atmosphere and Cu:B ratio of 1:5. The possible reaction mechanism estimated for both boron sources of boric acid and boron oxide. In both sets, the lower ratios of Cu:B supported CuB2O4 formation. In the use of boric acid as a boron source, higher reaction yield percentages (98 %) and lower particle sizes were determined. The micron-scale rounded particles were observed in morphological analyses and the particles were shaped in homogeneity in the use of boron oxide as a boron source. The specific FT-IR peaks were observed at the band values of 1190, 1035, 988, 945, 890, 695, 631, 540 and 479 cm−1. The experimental results highlighted the probable use of solid-state in the copper borate synthesis.
Optimal LDL cholesterol levels in young and old patients with type 2 diabetes for secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases are different
Authors: Jeong Chaiho , Kim Bongseong , Kim Jinyoung , Baek Hansang , Kim Mee Kyoung , Sohn Tae-Seo , Baek Ki-Hyun , Song Ki-Ho , Son Hyun-Shik , Han Kyungdo , Kwon Hyuk-Sang 
Published: August 2023

Objective
Real-world-based population data about the optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level for preventing cardiovascular disease in very high-risk populations is scarce.

Methods
From 2009 to 2012, 26,922 people aged ≥ 40 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were analyzed. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance System were used. They were followed up to the date of a cardiovascular event or the time to death, or until December 31, 2018. Endpoints were recurrent PCI, newly stroke or heart failure, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death. Participants were divided into the following categories according to LDL-C level: <55 mg/dL, 55–69 mg/dL, 70–99 mg/dL, 100–129 mg/dL, 130–159 mg/dL, and ≥ 160 mg/dL.

Results
Compared to LDL-C < 55 mg/dL, the hazard ratios (HR) for re-PCI and stroke increased linearly with increasing LDL-C level in the population < 65 years. However, in ≥ 65 years old, HRs for re-PCI and stroke in LDL-C = 55–69 mg/dL were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85–1.11) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.79–2.23), respectively. The optimal range with the lowest HR for heart failure and all-cause mortality were LDL-C = 70–99 mg/dL and LDL-C = 55–69 mg/dL, respectively, in all age groups (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91–1.08 and HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.81–1.01).

Conclusion
LDL-C level below 55 mg/dL appears to be optimal in T2DM patients with established cardiovascular disease aged < 65 years, while an LDL-C level of 55–69 mg/dL may be optimal for preventing recurrent PCI and stroke in patients over 65 years old.
Diák kiégés hagyományos és alternatív pedagógiai programú oktatási intézményekben
Authors: Kóródi Kitti , Jagodics Balázs , Szabó Éva , Kunos Nóra , Fülöp Márta 
Published: August 2023

Háttér és célkitűzésekA diákok iskolai kiégésének kutatása mára már bekerült a pszichológiai kutatások fókuszába. A középiskolás diákok esetében is megfigyelhető a jelenség, amit a számukra kialakított mérőeszközökkel bizonyítani is lehet. Feltáró jellegű kutatásunkban arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, hogy az iskola egyes jellemzői összefüggést mutatnak-e a kiégés mértékével.MódszerKérdőíves kutatásunkban a magyar nyelvre adaptált Diák Kiégés Kérdőívet használtuk (Salmela-Aro, Kiuru, Pietikäinen és Jokela, 2008; Salmela-Aro, Kiuru, Leskinen és Nurmi, 2009; magyar változat: Jagodics, Kóródi és Szabó, 2021). A vizsgálatba középiskolás diákokat vontunk be (N = 2,205), akik eltérő követelményeket támasztó iskolatípusokban tanulnak az iskola jellegét tekintve (szakgimnázium [N = 741]; gimnázium [N = 898]; magasan teljesítő gimnázium [N = 327]; Waldorf-gimnázium [N = 81] és egyéb alternatív gimnázium [N = 151], másrészt megkülönböztethetők hagyományos vagy alternatív pedagógiai program szerint.EredményekElemzéseink szerint a diákok kiégéspontszáma a szakgimnáziumban tanulók esetében a legmagasabb, míg a legalacsonyabb kiégéspontszám a Waldorf-program alapján működő iskolák tanulóira jellemző. Emellett a középiskolás lányokra magasabb kiégés jellemző, mint a középiskolás fiúkra, amely különbségek iskolatípustól függően eltérőek.KövetkeztetésekA kutatásunk eredménye cáfolta azt a széles körben elterjedt nézetet, hogy a magas követelményeket támasztó, országosan is kiemelkedő intézmények tanulói lennének a leginkább kiégettek. Sokkal inkább úgy tűnik, hogy a kiégettség a követelmények és erőforrások egyenlőtlenségével magyarázható, amely a szakgimnáziumokban lehet a legerőteljesebb.
РЕСТРУКТУРИРОВАННАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ И КОНТЕНТ В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ ОБОРОТЕ
Authors: ЭНТИН Владимир Львович 
Published: August 2023

Авторское право и смежные права регулируют гражданский оборот информации, которая приобретает структурированный характер в результате интеллектуальной деятельности. Структурированная информация, которая обрабатывается в автоматическом режиме, если она не описана в терминах права интеллектуальной собственности, оказывается вне сферы его действия. Структурированная информация, в отношении которой могут быть предъявлены требования в связи с владением, пользованием или распоряжением ею, охраняется правом. Ее коммерческое использование получает моральную и юридическую оценку. Когда информация обезличена, моральная и юридическая оценки расходятся. Объекты авторских и смежных прав, независимо от того, охраняются имущественные права на них или нет, обезличиваются собирательным термином «контент». Размещение контента в интернете делает возможным его переработку без ведома правообладателя. Последствия такой переработки для создания результатов интеллектуальной деятельности естественным или искусственным интеллектом оцениваются правом. Примитивное присвоение осуждается правом и моралью. Присвоение через творческую переработку, агрегирование информации и майнинг — нет. Параллельно складываются универсальные тренды регулирования хранения и передачи личной информации, куда нередко попадают и «фейки».
Слабости технического контроля над интернет-пространством государства стремятся компенсировать юридическими средствами. Усиливается регуляторный надзор. Ужесточается ответственность за несоблюдение административных предписаний. Расширение зон регулирования информации сопровождается разработкой специализированного правового аппарата, позволяющего вовлекать в гражданский оборот различные элементы информационного пространства.
Wind Power Generation Using Magnetic Levitation
Authors: Sandeep V. Raut Aditya R. Wankhade, Nilesh A. Jadhav, Chetan E. Kolambe, 
Published: August 2023

The phrase “Levitation” refers to a class of technologies that uses magnetic levitation to force wind turbines with magnets, which otherwise propel with axles and bearings. Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) uses magnetic levitation to propel wind turbine for the generation of electricity. The present scenario indicates that the demand for electricity is increasing day by day and to meet it many research are going on. Electricity generation through renewable energy sources has gained attention in the last few decades due to depleting conventional energy sources and may help to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. One of the rapid growing renewable energy sources in the world is wind energy source. With the use of magnetic levitation the efficiency of the wind turbine can be increased and losses minimized. It also increases the life span of the generator. Magnetic Suspension Wind Power Generators, represent a very promising future for wind power generation.
“Fatigue Analysis Of Epoxy Composite Material Reinforcement On Propeller Shaft”
Authors: Kashinath H. Munde Et al. 
Published: August 2023

Propeller shaft, also known as propeller shaft is the most important component to any power transmission application; automotive propeller Shaft is one of this. A propeller shaft is a mechanical part that transmits the generated torque by a vehicle's engine into motive force which is usable to propel the vehicle. Substituting composite structures for metallic which is structures has many advantages because of higher specific stiffness and strength of composite materials. This work deals with the conventional replacement of steel propeller shafts with fiberglass epoxy composite propeller shaft for an automotive application. The parameters of design were optimized with the objective of minimizing the weight of a propeller shaft. The design optimization also improves the performance of propeller shaft. Present work deals with FEA analysis of composite shaft with different degree of orientation of glass fibers. It includes the modeling of shaft in CATIA. The meshing and boundary condition application will be carried using Hypermesh, Fatigue analysis of composite shaft will be carried out using ANSYS.
Measuring cochlear duct length in North Indian population: a detailed study
Authors: Sumit Maheshwari  , Sainy Neeraj , Gupta Neha , Mehrotra Rohit , Mehrotra Monika , Mehrotra Ujjwal 
Published: August 2023

Background: The cochlea is a shell-like structure of the inner ear which is comprised of two canals (the Scala vestibule and the Scala tympani) and the Organ of Corti. Cochlear duct length is defined as the length of the scala media as measured from the middle of the round window to the helicotrema. Preoperative measurement of CDL is significantly important if the desired intracochlear electrode array placement is required.
Methods: This retrospective study was done in Mehrotra ENT Hospital, Kanpur, India, which is a tertiary care hospital and referral centre for cochlear implants. We included 800 patients (400 males and 400 females) in the study with bilateral hearing loss who were evaluated for cochlear implantation. HRCT temporal bone of these patients were analyzed and a variable A was measured.
Results: Our study included 800 patients, Mean of distance A value for male children is 7.94mm (range 7.0-9.2mm). Mean of distance A value for female children is 7.72mm (range 6.95-8.8mm). So the overall average is 7.83mm. We calculated cochlear duct length using the formula, CDL=4.16A-3.98. The mean cochlear duct length was 28.6mm with a range from 24.9-34.3mm.
Conclusions: Our study is one of the most detailed large (800 cases) study of cochlear duct length in the North Indian population. Our results suggest that an average smaller cochlear duct length in our geographical area is a significant finding in the understanding of cochlear anatomy and physiology. It will have great importance on the insertion depth in cochlear implantation.
A consumer-based survey study on Mintop shampoo in women with hair fall
Authors: Gala Monil Yogesh Neena , Muchhala Snehal , Paspulate Akhila , Rathod Rahul , Veligandla Krishna , Aich Biswajit , Sanghavi Arti , Guhe Nilesh 
Published: August 2023

Background: Consumers worldwide are concerned about their diet, health, lifestyle, and hair care. Considering hair care is a crucial part of daily beauty routines, this survey aims to evaluate the effects of Mintop Shampoo (containing Procapil 1% and Redensyl 1%) in women with hair fall.
Methods: A total of 165 females were enrolled in the survey, as per the study inclusion/exclusion criteria. Mintop shampoo (test product) was provided to the study participants and were instructed to use the product at home for a period of 30 days. The data was collected using a Consumer survey Questionnaire. A self-assessment questionnaire was filled out at the end of the survey and collected from participants. The percentage of participants reporting top 3 scores (on a 5-point scale) was considered for data analysis.
Results: 93.33 % of participants agreed that the product was effective in slowing down hair fall, and 93.94% of participants agreed that the product was effective in reducing the dryness of hair. 93.94% of participants agreed that the product was effective in improving dull hair to full-life hair (Bounce and Volume). 93.33% of participants agreed that the product was effective in improving the strength of hair.
Conclusions: Present study results demonstrated that Mintop shampoo was effective in improving the strength of hair, reducing dryness of hair, and aids slowing down hair fall. Also, no adverse events or Serious Adverse events were reported in the study.