bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sakralnervmodulation in der Therapie der Stuhlinkontinenz und Obstipation: Evidenz, Programmierung und Langzeitmanagement
Authors: Bittorf Birgit , Matzel Klaus 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die sakrale Neuromodulation (SNM) hat sich in den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten fest in der Therapie funktioneller Beckenbodenerkrankungen etabliert. Trotz nicht vollständig
geklärtem Wirkungsmechanismus ist sie zum bevorzugten Verfahren in der chirurgischen Therapie der Stuhlinkontinenz geworden.
Methoden und Ergebnisse Es wurde eine aktuelle Literaturanalyse zur Schrittmacherprogrammierung sowie zu Langzeitergebnissen der SNM bei Stuhlinkontinenz und Obstipation
durchgeführt.Die SNM bei Stuhlinkontinenz zeigt sich auch im Langzeitverlauf erfolgreich. Über die Jahre konnte das Indikationsspektrum auf Patienten mit Sphinkterläsionen ausgeweitet werden. Die
Anwendung beim Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) nach Rektumresektion ist aktuell in klinischer Erprobung. Bei den verschiedenen Formen der Obstipation hingegen ist die Wirkung der
SNM nicht eindeutig belegbar. In mehreren randomisierten Cross-over-Studien konnte kein Erfolg nachgewiesen werden, auch wenn dieser möglicherweise für Untergruppen der Obstipation
besteht. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt kann die Anwendung nicht allgemein empfohlen werden.Die Schrittmacherprogrammierung definiert Elektrodenkonfiguration, Stimulationsamplitude, Pulsfrequenz und Pulsbreite. Während die Einstellung von Pulsfrequenz und -breite eher anhand
standardisierter Werte erfolgt und meist als Niederfrequenzstimulation mit einer Frequenz von 14 Hz und einer Pulsbreite von 210 s durchgeführt wird, werden Elektrodenkonfiguration und
Stimulationsamplitude individuell an den einzelnen Patienten angepasst. Insbesondere im 1. postoperativen Jahr können Reprogrammierungen aufgrund von Wirkungsverlust oder Nebenwirkungen
erforderlich werden.Trotz geringer Häufigkeit von Infektionen und Elektroden-/Impulsgeberfehlfunktionen benötigen im Langzeitmanagement bis zu 65% der Patienten operative Revisionen. Diese sind bei etwa 50%
bedingt durch erwartbare Batterieerschöpfung des Impulsgebers. Auch mindestens eine Reprogrammierung wird bei 75% der Patienten im Verlauf erforderlich, meist aufgrund einer
Wirkungsveränderung, seltener aufgrund von Schmerzen. Regelmäßige Nachuntersuchungen sind empfehlenswert.
Schlussfolgerung Die SNM hat sich in der Langzeittherapie der Stuhlinkontinenz als sicheres und erfolgreiches Verfahren bewährt. Um einen optimalen Therapieerfolg zu erzielen, ist
eine strukturierte Nachsorge erforderlich.
Tailored Approach in der Therapie der Hämorrhoidalleiden
Authors: Pfeil Christian , Pelz Jörg , Dusch Niloufar 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDas symptomatische Hämorrhoidalleiden ist einer der häufigsten Gründe für das Aufsuchen einer koloproktologischen Einrichtung. Neben der typischen Anamnese ist der Untersuchungsbefund
inkl. Proktoskopie wegweisend. Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Patienten kann konservativ mit sehr gutem Ergebnis hinsichtlich der Lebensqualität behandelt werden. Insbesondere durch
Basistherapie mit Stuhlregulation, korrektem Stuhlverhalten und Sklerosierungstherapie kann stadienunabhängig eine gute Symptomkontrolle erreicht werden. Bei Versagen der konsequenten
konservativen Therapie stehen verschiedene operative Verfahren zur Verfügung. Entscheidend für die Auswahl des Verfahrens ist der individuelle Befund des Patienten im Sinne eines Tailored
Approachs. Neben den klassischen segmental resezierenden sowie zirkulär pexierenden Operationen gehören auch neuere, z. T. weniger invasive Methoden wie Hämorrhoidalarterienligatur mit und
ohne Rectoanal Repair (HAL-RAR), Infrarottherapie (IRT), Lasertherapie (LT) und Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) zum chirurgischen Repertoire. Blutung, Schmerz, Inkontinenz sowie Rezidiv
stellen mögliche Risiken der operativen Therapie dar.
The concept of inclusive education from the point of view of academics specialising in special education at Saudi universities
Authors: Madhesh Abdullah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInclusive education is one modern trend that many countries seek to adopt as an innovative concept and pursue to practice as an application in conjunction with scientific progress, the education of people with disabilities, and in order to fulfil and abide by the relevant international conventions. As a result, this study aims to discover what inclusive education means among Saudi universities and academics specialising in special education. To achieve the goal of the study, qualitative research was used by employing semi-structured interviews as the single elementary tool for data collection by interviewing the study sample, which consisted of 12 faculty members specialising in special education. Through complete analysis, the study reached a set of general results, which is the presence of ambiguity in the concept of inclusive education among the participants, with confusion between the concept of inclusive education and some other concepts such as “integration,” “mainstreaming,” and “placement.” In addition, there is a belief that there is a correlation between the concept of inclusive education and special education. Finally, the study concluded with some recommendations on the topic of research.
Dirac equation from stereographic projection of the momentum sphere
Authors: Marrocco Michele 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Dirac equation is commonly demonstrated under stringent hypotheses and after considerable math work made in relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Here, a purely geometric approach free from hypotheses is suggested. The suggestion draws inspiration from the technique of stereographic projection that was developed before the quantum era to solve gyroscopic problems of classical mechanics. The projected variable is the generalized (or canonical) momentum vector. Its undetermined geometric orientations define a sphere in the momentum space and the projection onto the equatorial plane generates the Pauli matrices as soon as the conventional stereographic matrix is introduced. The associated eigenvalue problem results in the Dirac equation and the eigenvector (bispinor) has components that are related to geometric elements of the momentum space. The procedure has the advantage of revealing the correct form of the Dirac matrices without the mathematical effort that characterizes the presentation of the equation in traditional approaches. The other remarkable advantage is that, unlike the common reduction to the case of free space, the spatial inhomogeneity due to interaction potentials is included in the demonstration from the very beginning. The whole suggestion has an interdisciplinary character (relativity, complex analysis, rotation of rigid bodies, Pauli matrices) and can be useful in teaching the equation to students who lack in sufficient knowledge of quantum mechanics. Students equipped with more advanced education can benefit from the purely geometric perspective of this work if used to complement their studies about the equation.
Systematic solitary waves from their linear limits in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates with unequal dispersion coefficients
Authors: Wang Wenlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe systematically construct vector solitary waves in harmonically trapped one-dimensional two-component Bose–Einstein condensates with unequal dispersion coefficients by a numerical continuation in chemical potentials from the respective analytic low-density linear limits to the high-density nonlinear Thomas-Fermi regime. The main feature of the linear states herein is that the component with the larger quantum number has instead a smaller linear eigenenergy, enabled by suitable unequal dispersion coefficients, leading to new series of solutions compared with the states similarly obtained in the equal dispersion setting. Particularly, the lowest-lying series gives the well-known dark-anti-dark waves, and the second series yields the dark-multi-dark states, and the following series become progressively more complex in their wave structures. The Bogoliubov-de Gennes spectra analysis shows that most of these states bear unstable modes, but they can be long-lived and remarkably all of them can be fully stabilized in suitable parameter regimes.
Probing the incoherent admixture of low and high-spin states of Co in (LaPr)CoO3 perovskite: focus on structural phase transitions
Authors: Tiwari P , Singha A D , Atkar S A , Datta A , Thota S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We report the mixed valence and intermediate spin-state (IS) transitions in Pr substituted LaCoO3 perovskites in the form of bulk and nanostructures. Various compositions (x) of La1−x
Pr
x
CoO3 (0 ⩽ x⩽ 0.9) were synthesized using the sol–gel process under moderate heat treatment conditions (600 °C). The structural analysis of these compounds reveals a phase crossover from the monoclinic phase (space group, s.g.: I2/a) to an orthorhombic one (s.g.: Pbnm), and a rhombohedral phase (s.g.: R-3c) to an orthorhombic one (s.g.: Pnma) in the bulk and nanostructures, respectively, for the composition range 0 ⩽ x⩽ 0.6. Such a structural transformation remarkably reduces the Jahn–Teller distortion factor ΔJT: 0.374 → 0.0016 signifying the dominant role of the IS state (S
Avg = 1) of trivalent Co ions in the investigated system. Magnetization measurements reveal the ferromagnetic (FM) nature of bulk LaCoO3 along with a weak antiferromagnetic (AFM) component coexisting with an FM component. This coexistence results in a weak loop-asymmetry (zero-field exchange-bias effect ∼134 Oe) at low temperatures. Here the FM ordering occurs due to the double-exchange interaction (J
EX
/k
B∼ 11.25 K) between the tetravalent and trivalent Co ions. Significant decrease in the ordering temperatures was noticed in the nanostructures (T
C ∼ 50 K) as compared to the bulk counterpart (∼90 K) due to the finite size/surface effects in the pristine compound. However, the incorporation of Pr leads to the development of a strong AFM component (J
EX/k
B ∼ 18.2 K) and enhances the ordering temperatures (∼145 K for x = 0.9) with negligible FM correlations in both bulk and nanostructures of LaPrCoO3 due to the dominant super-exchange interaction: Co3+/4+‒O‒Co3+/4+. Further evidence of the incoherent mixture of low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) states comes from the M–H measurements which yields a saturation magnetization of M
S ∼ 275 emu mol−1 (under the limit of 1/H → 0) consistent with the theoretical value of 279 emu mol−1 corresponding to the spin admixture: 65% LS + 10% IS of trivalent Co along with 25% of LS Co4+ in the bulk pristine compound. A similar analysis yields: Co3+ [30% LS + 20% IS] + Co4+ [50% of LS] for the nanostructures of LaCoO3, yet the Pr substitution decreases the spin admixture configuration. The Kubelka–Munk analysis of the optical absorbance results in a significant decrease in the optical energy band gap (E
g:1.86 → 1.80 eV) with the incorporation of Pr in LaCoO3 which corroborates the above results.
Ultra-sensitive voltage-controlled skyrmion-based spintronic diode
Authors: Rodrigues Davi R , Tomasello Riccardo , Siracusano Giulio , Carpentieri Mario , Finocchio Giovanni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We have designed a passive spintronic diode based on a single skyrmion stabilized in a magnetic tunnel junction and studied its dynamics induced by voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (VDMI). We have demonstrated that the sensitivity (rectified output voltage over input microwave power) with realistic physical parameters and geometry can be larger than 10 kV W−1 which is one order of magnitude larger than diodes employing a uniform ferromagnetic state. Our numerical and analytical results on the VCMA and VDMI-driven resonant excitation of skyrmions beyond the linear regime reveal a frequency dependence on the amplitude and no efficient parametric resonance. Skyrmions with a smaller radius produced higher sensitivities, demonstrating the efficient scalability of skyrmion-based spintronic diodes. These results pave the way for designing passive ultra-sensitive and energy efficient skyrmion-based microwave detectors.
Evaluation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular control mechanisms in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome via conditional transfer entropy: the impact of the respiratory signal type
Authors: Gelpi Francesca , Bari Vlasta , Cairo Beatrice , De Maria Beatrice , Wells Rachel , Baumert Mathias , Porta Alberto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Closed loop cardiovascular (CV) and cerebrovascular (CBV) variability interactions are assessed via transfer entropy (TE) from systolic arterial pressure (SAP) to heart period (HP) and vice versa and from mean arterial pressure (MAP) to mean cerebral blood velocity (MCBv) and vice versa. This analysis is exploited to assess the efficiency of baroreflex and cerebral autoregulation. This study aims at characterizing CV and CBV controls in postural orthostatic tachycardiac syndrome (POTS) subjects experiencing exaggerated sympathetic response during orthostatic challenge via unconditional TE and TE conditioned on respiratory activity (R). Approach. In 18 healthy controls (age: 28 ± 13 yrs; 5 males, 13 females) and 15 POTS individuals (age: 29 ± 11 yrs; 3 males, 12 females) we acquired beat-to-beat variability of HP, SAP, MAP and MCBv and two R signals, namely respiratory chest movement (RCM) and capnogram (CAP). Recordings were made at sitting rest and during active standing (STAND). TE was computed via vector autoregressive approach. Main results. We found that: (i) when assessing CV interactions, the increase of the TE from SAP to HP during STAND, indicating baroreflex activation, is detected solely when conditioning on RCM; (ii) when assessing CBV interactions, the impact of R on the TE computation is negligible; (iii) POTS shows baroreflex impairment during STAND; (iv) POTS exhibits a normal CBV response to STAND. Significance. TE is useful for detecting the impairment of specific regulatory mechanisms in POTS. Moreover, using different R signals highlights the sensitivity of CV and CBV controls to specific R aspects.
Magnetic nozzle performance in a cluster of helicon plasma thrusters
Authors: Di Fede Simone , Manente Marco , João Comunian Paolo , Magarotto Mirko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A numerical study of the plasma dynamics in a Helicon Plasma Thrusters’ (HPT) cluster is presented. For the first time in the literature, the three-dimensional (3D) plasma dynamics occurring in the plume of a HPTs’ cluster is analyzed. The physical investigation relies on ProPic, a 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) code specifically designed to simulate the plasma dynamics in magnetic nozzles and in a non-axi-symmetric domain. The code has been validated against experiments reported in the literature and cross-validated with Starfish, an open-source two-dimensional PIC software. The physical investigation has revealed an interesting mutual influence between the thrusters that constitute the cluster. Three significant phenomena that affect the cluster’s performance have been identified. The first phenomenon is related to the effect that clustering has on the shape of the magnetic field lines and, in turn, on the divergence angle of the plume. The second phenomenon is related to electron currents flowing among different thrusters, which affect the potential drop across the plume. The third phenomenon is related to the effect that neighboring thrusters have on the plasma potential map and, in turn, on the expansion of the ions.
Quartic autocatalysis on horizontal surfaces with an asymmetric concentration: water-based ternary-hybrid nanofluid carrying titania, copper, and alumina nanoparticles
Authors: Saranya S , Duraihem Faisal Z , I L Animasaun , Al-Mdallal Qasem M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of homogeneous (i.e. water-based ternary-hybrid nanofluid) and heterogeneous (i.e. catalyst) reactions is capable of creating a more effective distribution of species and quality of fluids at the outlet. Thus, the present study focuses on analyzing the quartic type homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in ternary-hybrid nanofluid of copper, alumina, and titania nanoparticles with water at the surface of a stationary/moving flat plate. The leading non-linear partial differential equations were transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using local similarity transformations. The resultant non-linear ordinary differential equations were numerically solved using MATLAB’s built-in BVP4C tool to explore the impact of pertinent factors. From the design side of view, the Tiwari-Das model for nano-liquid was employed to study the flow-thermal behaviour of the nanofluid. The thermal conductivity formulations were taken from experimental works to incorporate the spherical, platelet and cylindrical-shaped nanoparticles. The proposed concept is comparatively analyzed for Blasius and Sakiadis flows. The homogeneous bulk fluid and heterogeneous catalyst concentrations are observed for small and large nanoparticle volume fractions. The investigation shows that the strength of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions has the opposite effect on the concentration fields. Strong correlations exist between the heterogeneous catalyst’s diffusivity and the homogeneous bulk fluid’s viscosity. Mass diffusion became more prevalent at the surface as the Schmidt number surged. Conversely, the bulk fluid concentration was highest in areas far from the surface.
H i Galaxy Detections in the Zone of Avoidance with FAST
Authors: Feng Chao , Liu Bin , Xi Hong-Wei , Peng Bo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Zone of Avoidance (ZoA) is a region of low galactic latitude that is heavily obscured by the Milky Way. Observations with radio telescopes are basically unaffected by dust extinction and can unveil the structure behind it through the Milky Way. One of the scientific goals of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is to search for the neutral hydrogen and understand the large-scale physics to explore the origin and evolution of the universe. We take the 15,500 IRAS (the Infrared Astronomical Satellite) galaxies from PSCz (“Point Source Catalog”) survey to reconstruct the density field of the local universe, obtain the distribution of the relative density of galaxies in the ZoA region with a redshift z below 0.07, and the number of detectable galaxies with FAST is estimated by using the neutral hydrogen mass function of the ALFA (Arecibo L-band Feed Array) survey. We conclude that FAST can observe more than 2000 ZoA galaxies within a distance of 300 Mpc

h

70

−
1

, and present preliminary results of the partial GPPS (the FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey) data, compared with ALFA ZoA (The Arecibo L-band Feed Array Zone of Avoidance), show that FAST has a higher detection sensitivity to search for H i galaxies in the ZoA area.
Review on dark matter searches
Authors: Cebrián Susana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Dark matter particles populating our galactic halo could be directly detected by measuring their scattering off target nuclei or electrons in a suitable detector. As this interaction is expected to occur with very low probability and would generate very small energy deposits, the detection is challenging; the possible identification of distinctive signatures (like an annual modulation in the interaction rates or directionality) to assign a dark matter origin to a possible observation is being considered. Here, the physics case of different dark matter direct detection experiments will be presented and the different and complementary techniques which are being applied or considered will be discussed, summarizing their features and latest results obtained. Special focus will be made on TPC-related projects; experiments using noble liquids have presently a leading role to constrain interaction cross sections of a wide range of dark matter candidates and gaseous detectors are very promising to explore specifically low mass dark matter as well as to measure directionality.
Mathematical model of polylactic acid biodegradation under controlled composting conditions
Authors: Baldera-Moreno Y , Rojas-Palma A , Andler R , Cuesta-Herrera L 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe environment suffers constant damage due to the excessive manufacture of non-degradable materials. Since petroleum-derived plastic polymers degrade slowly, it is necessary to promote the use of biodegradable plastics, such as polylactic acid. Polylactic acid is produced from natural and renewable resources, it has suitable physical and chemical properties, and biodegrades under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, which are achieved in the composting process. Currently, there are models that are based on the measurement of carbon dioxide, and mass loss, among others. However, there are no models that describe the biodegradation of polylactic acid considering the effect of the influencing factors of the composting process. The objective of this work is to model the dynamics of polylactic acid biodegradation under controlled composting conditions, considering the main influencing factors, such as temperature, moisture content, and oxygen. Using mathematical modeling from ordinary differential equations as a methodology, simulations were carried out based on the degradation of dry matter from different substrates. The results aim to predict the dynamics of polylactic acid biodegradation, through a model that integrates the influencing factors of the composting process.
Hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated swelling clays: review
Authors: Olarte M C , Cavalcante A L B 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExpansive soils are materials composed mainly of active minerals of the smectite family, where montmorillonite is an essential member of that group. These types of soils tend to undergo volumetric changes due to variations in moisture content. Many geotechnical engineering practices, such as dam core design or subgrade compaction, require a thorough evaluation of the response of these soils to determine placement conditions. However, the main problem in evaluating the mechanical response of this type of soil lies in the nonlinear nature, which limits the use of most classical constitutive models that apply the basic rules of elastoplasticity. In this study, an analysis is carried out to understand the hydromechanical behavior of expansive soils in saturated and unsaturated conditions. Direct and indirect physical evidence is presented and discussed to evaluate the hydraulic response of the soil structural elements responsible for these adverse dynamics from a global (expansive phenomena as a whole) and individual (swelling and shrinkage) perspective. Since the response of these soils is hydrostatic dependent, the locus of water movement in porous media is examined, starting from the Richards equation (1931), in order to consider the flow mechanisms in unsaturated media under transient conditions.