bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student Perspectives on E-Learning in a Malaysian Medical College One Year into the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kong Sylvia Wei Wei , Yong Jade Lene , Cheong Sabrina Pei Yee , Ong Edmund Liang Chai 
Published: February 2023

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, physical in-person classes in Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia (NUMed) were replaced with e-learning. Teaching in NUMed was being delivered online during COVID-19 pandemic for the last one and a half academic years (18 March 2020 – June 2021) due to the strict lockdowns and physical distancing measures in place, limited in-person sessions on campus, and disrupted hospital attachments. There was concern over the effectiveness and satisfaction with e-learning amongst our students, and how this affects their overall academic performance. Our study aims to explore students’ e-learning experiences and its perceived benefits and challenges during the pandemic.
Methods: 285 students participated in this cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed a self-administered online questionnaire via an email invitation between July 12th and August 12th, 2021 which comprised of sociodemographic characteristics and experiences with e-learning. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation tests were used to identify correlation between students’ e-learning experiences, the effects of e-learning, and academic performance.
Results: Most students used laptops (n=275, 96.5%) for e-learning and owned at least two electronic devices (n=245, 86%). Over half of our students (n=148, 51.9%) reported their theoretical knowledge remains unchanged, while about three-quarters (n=213, 74.7%) perceived practical skills to have worsened. Students preferred paper-based exams (n=170, 59.6%) and objectively formatted online exams (n=193, 67.7%). Since transitioning to e-learning, the majority of students (n=207, 72.6%) reported difficulties studying online and were unsatisfied with their academic performance (n=166, 58.2%). Students preferred e-learning due to the lower risk of contracting COVID-19 (n=256, 89.8%), the convenience of online classes (n=244, 85.6%) and flexible schedules (n=219, 76.8%). However, the lack of patient contact (n=236, 82.8%), lecturer and peer interactions (n=234, 82.1%), and unreliable internet (n=201, 70.5%) made e-learning challenging. Students’ experiences were generally affected by multiple factors encompassing personal, lecturer, and environmental aspects.
Conclusion: E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted students’ academic performance, particularly practical skills and performance satisfaction. Therefore, the university should look towards addressing e-learning constraints and providing adequate support to improve students’ educational experiences in the ongoing pandemic.
Inteligencia artificial aplicada al control de calidad en la producción de billetes
Authors: López González Adrián 
Published: February 2023

Este documento es una aproximación al trabajo realizado en la Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, del Departamento de Control de Producción de Billetes del Banco España, durante los últimos meses en materia de inteligencia artificial. La investigación y el desarrollo se han centrado en su aplicación al proceso de producción de billetes, y más concretamente al control de calidad de este.
Se exponen los términos más importantes ligados a la inteligencia artificial y a la gestión de la calidad en el mundo del billete. Finalmente, se detalla el esquema de un prototipo de sistema dual para el control de calidad.
PELESTARIAN BENDA PENINGGALAN SEJARAH LUBANG JEPANG DI KELURAHAN GUNUNG PANGILUN KOTA PADANG
Authors: Meldawati Meldawati , Yulia Refni , Ersi Livia , Zulfa Zulfa 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu memelihara kesadaran sejarah melalui pelestarian benda peninggalan sejarah. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan dengan memberikan motivasi kepada masyarakat khususnya generasi muda tentang perlunya pelestarian bekas peninggalan sejarah, kemudian meningkatkan kesadaran sejarah terutama kepada generasi muda. Dari hasil wawancara yang kami lakukan setelah kegiatan ini berlangsung bahwa peserta kegiatan sangat anstusias, tercatat peserta kegiatan berjumlah 30 orang yang mana 12 orang dari kalangan tua (tokoh masyarakat) dan selebihnya kaum muda. Kontribusi atas terlaksananya kegiatan ini bagi masyarakat, agar masyarakat menyadari bahwa walaupun lubang jepang merupakan peristiwa kelam dalam pembuatannya memaksa rakyat bahkan banyak rakyat Indonesia yang meninggal untuk mewujudkan keinginan Jepang tersebut. Namun bekas sejarah ini menjadi bukti ketertindasan rakayat ketika Indonesia di jajah oleh Jepang. Rakyat harus mengetahuai bahkan Generasi muda Rakyat harus tetap menjaga dan meletarikan peningglan Jepang ini.
Project to Strengthen Pancasila Student Profile as an Application of Differentiated Learning in the Independent Curriculum: A Case Study at a Senior High School in Pandeglang, Indonesia
Authors: Usman Usman , Nuraulia Dwi , Nauroh Rahmi , Rajudin Iin , Rifqiawati Ika 
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to determine the implementation of project to strengthen Pancasila student profile activities as a project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students at a senior high school in pandeglang district, indonesia, as well as the impact of its implementation on students. The procedure used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection methods used are interviews and questionnaires. The interview was conducted with seven respondents, namely teachers at a senior high school in pandeglang district, indonesia, who are facilitators in implementing an independent curriculum in the classroom, as well as class X and XI students as participants in project to strengthen Pancasila student profile activities. Students are required to make or do a project to implement an independent curriculum. Project activities in this independent curriculum, one of which is by carrying out project to strengthen Pancasila student profile activities. The project to strengthen Pancasila student profile activity is a project to strengthen Pancasila students' profiles. The project to strengthen Pancasila student profile activities were adjusted to the seven themes arranged by the Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. The project results to be displayed in the project to strengthen Pancasila student profile project exhibition at a senior high school in pandeglang district, indonesia, include (1) Posters; (2) A bulletin board; (3) Democracy pocketbook; (4) A best practice anti-bullying. A senior high school in pandeglang district, indonesia, is included in the activator school with activator teachers, making differentiated learning a strategy in the activator teacher program activities.
Industry 4.0 in Metal Forming Industry Towards Automotive Applications: A Review
Authors: Liu Heli , Saksham Dhawan , Shen Merrill , Chen Kangan , Wu Vincent , Wang Liliang 
Published: February 2023

Review
Industry 4.0 in Metal Forming Industry Towards Automotive Applications: A Review

Heli Liu 1,2, Saksham Dhawan 1,2, Merrill Shen 1, Kangan Chen 1, Vincent Wu 3, and Liliang Wang 1,2,*

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
2 SmartForming Research Base, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
3 School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LE, UK
* Correspondence: liliang.wang@imperial.ac.uk

Received: 23 September 2022
Accepted: 18 November 2022
Published: 18 December 2022

Abstract: Industry 4.0 is shaping the metal forming industry. The ongoing key Industry 4.0 technologies, including the industrial cyber-physical system (I-CPS), industrial internet of things (I-IoT), digital twin (DT), big data (BD) and cloud computing (CC), are expected to improve every stage during the metal forming processes, including the supply chains, raw material provision, tool design and manufacture, forming operations, energy consumption, cost, quality control and customer services. Here, we review the development and implementations of these key Industry 4.0 technologies in the metal forming industry. Based on the discussion of the opportunities and challenges of Industry 4.0 technologies in metal forming, this review provides some perspectives of future metal forming research directions towards automotive applications.
Research and Analysis on Motion Planning Method of Intelligent Network Connected Vehicles
Authors: Wang Heng , Yang XianYi , Liu Zhengbai , Wang Zhenfeng 
Published: February 2023

Article
Research and Analysis on Motion Planning Method of Intelligent Connected Vehicles

Heng Wang 1,2, Xianyi Yang 1,2, Zhengbai Liu 3, and Zhenfeng Wang 1,2, *

1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2 Henan Provincial Cold Chain Information and Equipment Laboratory for Logistics of Agricultural Products, Zhengzhou 450002, China
3 School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
* Correspondence: zfking@henau.edu.cn

Received: 23 September 2022
Accepted: 21 November 2022
Published: 18 December 2022

Abstract: Combined with the tire model, a two-degree-of-freedom model is proposed in this study. At the same time, a turning control model is analyzed, which lays the foundation for the subsequent local path planning, that is, the simulation control of lane changing and obstacle avoidance. The co-simulation of CarSim and Simulink is used to realize the tracking control of trajectories, and the given reference trajectory can be tracked with high precision in the serpentine rod penetration test, so as to verify the stability of the control algorithm control. A set of optimal trajectories of straight lane change and curved lane change are selected as the reference trajectories of the controller, and the target speed of the lane change is given in the CarSim speed control module. The simulation results show that the motion planning error is extremely small that completes the high-precision automatic control of steering, and this helps realize the tracking of a given trajectory, reflecting the good trackability of the planned lane-changing trajectory from the side. Aiming at the automatic lane changing process of the intelligent connected vehicle on different straight roads and curved roads, the V2V method is used to obtain the status information of the surrounding traffic vehicles where the multi-objective optimization method is used to determine the optimal trajectory. Driving with reference to the trajectory realizes the coordination and unity of planning and control.
A Review of Fuel Cell System Technology: From Fuel Cell Stack to System Integration
Authors: Ren Weiqun , Shen Jun , Li Xuebing , Du Changqing 
Published: February 2023

Review
A Review of Fuel Cell System Technology: From Fuel Cell Stack to System Integration

Weiqun Ren 1,*, Jun Shen 2, Xuebing Li 1, and Changqing Du 2

1 Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co. Ltd., 10 Dongfeng Avenue, Wuhan, China
2 Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
* Correspondence: renweiqun@tsinghua.org.cn; Tel.: +86-139-1820-4209

Received: 14 October 2022
Accepted: 8 November 2022
Published: 18 December 2022

Abstract: The technology of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) is the ultimate direction of clean energy vehicle development, and commercial vehicles are the most important application area for fuel cell commercialization. This paper summarizes the key components, technologies and development trends of the fuel cell stack, fuel cell system and vehicle integration at home and abroad, and points out that key materials (such as bipolar plates and membrane electrodes), key system components (such as air compressors and ejectors), high-power modular integration technologies, and fuel cell control technologies are the main factors influencing the commercialization of FCVs. Particularly, we put the main fouce on variable ejector or multi-stage ejector technology, integrated and optimized control technology, and multi-energy cooperative control technology due to their crucial roles in meeting the industrial development of FCVs in China. Furthermore, some guidance opinions are also provided for reference about the development and industrialization of FCVs.
Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Lu Chun , Chen Wei , Zuo Qingsong , Zhu Guohui , Zhang Yi , Liu Zhengbai 
Published: February 2023

Review
Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Chun Lu 1, Wei Chen 1,2, Qingsong Zuo 1, Guohui Zhu 1, Yi Zhang 3, and Zhengbai Liu 4,*

1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
2 Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University, Foshan 528311, China
3 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
4 School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
* Correspondence: liuzb3@sustc.edu.cn

Received: 24 September 2022
Accepted: 21 November 2022
Published: 25 December 2022

Abstract: Hydrogen energy is regarded as the best form to achieve the dual-carbon strategic goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. It is well-known that hydrogen energy has the characteristics of zero carbon, green, high energy, and renewable. Recently, the pure hydrogen internal combustion engine (PH-ICE) has become one of the essential directions of hydrogen energy application due to its outstanding advantages, such as no carbon emission, high efficiency, high reliability, and low pollution. So far, the PH-ICE has aroused great attention from both domestic and foreign auto companies and research institutions. This paper first introduces the latest development status of PH-ICE. Secondly, from the in-engine and out-engine technologies aspects of the PH-ICE, a comprehensive summary of its combustion performance improvement and nitrogen oxide control technology is given. Finally, the future challenges and development trends of the hydrogen ICE are discussed.
Transient Nozzle-Exit Velocity Profile in Diesel Spray and Its Influencing Parameters
Authors: Gao Ya , Huang Weidi , Pratama Raditya Hendra , Wang Jin 
Published: February 2023

Article
Transient Nozzle-Exit Velocity Profile in Diesel Spray and Its Influencing Parameters

Ya Gao 1, Weidi Huang 2,*, Raditya Hendra Pratama 2, and Jin Wang 1

1 Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
2 Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
* Correspondence: wd.huang@aist.go.jp

Received: 24 September 2022
Accepted: 10 November 2022
Published: 25 December 2022

Abstract: The primary breakup in the diesel spray relies closely on the initial dynamics at the nozzle exit. However, solid experimental results are still missing due to the great difficulties in measuring the near-nozzle spray dynamics. This study proposed an investigation focusing on the transient nozzle-exit spray dynamics by taking advantage of the X-ray phase contrast imaging technique. The in-nozzle needle motion, spray morphology, and dynamics at a commercial diesel nozzle exit were obtained. Experimental results were then examined, linking with the needle motion to understand the transient spray dynamics. The effect of the initial conditions (i.e., the injection pressure and ambient density) on the resulting trends were also considered. It is found that the nozzle-exit spray morphology and velocity profile highly relate to the in-nozzle needle lift. Once the needle sufficiently opens, the spray reaches steady status, and the nozzle-exit velocity becomes almost constant. The spray width slightly increases with the increasing ambient gas density or the decreasing injection pressure. Injection pressure significantly affects the spray velocity amplitude, whereas the ambient gas density alters the spray-velocity profiles mainly in the periphery of the spray. Finally, an analytic analysis was conducted to further examine the transient spray axial velocity with the changing radial locations. It is found the nozzle-exit spray velocity can be predicted in the Gaussian-type formula. This feature likely relates to in-nozzle flow characteristics.
Exhaust Gas After-Treatment Systems for Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles
Authors: Bao Liye , Wang Jihua , Shi Lihui , Chen Haijun 
Published: February 2023

Review
Exhaust Gas After-Treatment Systems for Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles

Liye Bao 1, Jihua Wang 2, Lihui Shi 2, and Haijun Chen 1, *

1 College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
2 Valiant Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
* Correspondence: chenhj@nankai.edu.cn

Received: 5 October 2022
Accepted: 10 November 2022
Published: 25 December 2022

Abstract: Exhaust gases released from vehicle engines have been a major cause of air pollution, and the emission limits have become much stricter in recent years due to a worldwide concern about the impact of air pollution on public health. These regulations have been complied to minimize the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), nitrogen oxides (NO x) and particulate matter (PM) from gasoline and diesel vehicles engines. Different after-treatment systems (ATS) have been developed for the treatment of exhaust gases from gasoline and diesel engines, respectively. The ATS for gasoline engine based on the three-way catalysts (TWCs), as well as the ATS for diesel engines including diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), diesel particulate filters (DPF) and ammonia slip catalysts (ASC), are summarized in this mini-review.
A Review of Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies for Automotive Applications
Authors: Yu Xiangnan , Jin Yuhai , Liu Heli , Rai Arnav , Kostin Michelle , Chantzis Dimitrios , J. Politis Denis , Wang Liliang 
Published: February 2023

Review
A Review of Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies for Automotive Applications

Xiangnan Yu 1, Yuhai Jin 1, Heli Liu 1, Arnav Rai 1, Michelle Kostin 1, Dimitrios Chantzis 1, Denis J. Politis 2, and Liliang Wang 1,*

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
* Correspondence: liliang.wang@imperial.ac.uk

Received: 29 September 2022
Accepted: 9 November 2022
Published: 25 December 2022

Abstract: Transportation, as the backbone of the modern economy, continues to be a significant contributing factor to environmental pollution and poor air quality. Whilst numerous efforts have been made to address energy consumption and emissions through the manufacturing and end use stages, the use of fossil fuels continues to grow at an exponential rate. A key target area to assist with fuel consumption reduction targets is the implementation of renewable energy combined with energy storage technologies. The aim of this review is to investigate various means of production for renewable energy and energy storage technologies with the specific focus on the automotive industry.
Personal and Social Determinants of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) in Younger Consumers
Authors: Reisenwitz Timothy , Fowler Jie 
Published: February 2023

This study expands the exploration of a consumer behavior concept that has received considerable attention recently: the fear of missing out (FoMO). Several variables were analyzed in terms of their potential influence on FoMO: social media usage, self-concept, social identity, smartphone usage, innovativeness, and gender. The study builds upon the premise that the construct has two distinct components: a personal dimension and a social dimension. The importance of these results is discussed in terms of advancing FoMO theory as well as assisting practitioners in directing their promotional efforts.
A Prophet to the Peoples: Introduction
Authors: Block, OP Jennie Weiss , Lysaught M. Therese , Martins Alexandre A. 
Published: February 2023

The essays that comprise this book—commissioned from theologians from around the world—are guided by three purposes: First, to honor the extraordinary life and the prophetic Christian witness of Dr. Paul Farmer, and second, and perhaps most significantly, to acknowledge and describe the influence and impact that his scholarly work and on-the-ground praxis have had on the field of theological ethics in general and on each of the contributors individually. As will be evident, Dr. Farmer’s life, witness, and work have influenced our thinking, sometimes called into question our long-held assumptions about the moral life and the role of the theologian, and in turn, impacted our scholarly production and teaching. Beyond this, we believe, thirdly, that it holds important insights for the work of theological ethics going forward.
Whither Criminal Cartel Enforcement in the EU?
Authors: Agrawal Binit 
Published: February 2023

Whither Criminal Cartel Enforcement in the EU?
Cartels have been a persistent problem in the European internal market and despite strong enforcement, cartels continue to exist and be discovered by the Commission. This article proposes that the optimal way to deal with cartels requires the imposition of criminal sanctions against corporates and responsible executives. This is not a novel proposal in itself: the US has had criminal sanctions against cartels for over a century and the UK for a decade. But the EU’s unique regulatory and governance structure requires that such a proposal must have a stronger evidentiary basis and must take into account its governance structure. This article does so by analysing statistics on cartel enforcement in the EU and the US to show that fines have not been able to sufficiently deter cartels. Second, normative reasoning based on harm theory, morality of criminalisation and public choice theory is employed to indicate that cartel activities are criminal in nature and that penalising them as such would not amount to overcriminalisation. Third, objective analysis is used to dissect the limitations of fines: when used in isolation they do not target the wrongdoers, are suboptimal and impose social costs. Fourth, it is shown that combining fines with criminal sanctions can help us redress these issues and improve the deterrence levels significantly. Lastly, principles are proposed to ensure that such a proposal considers the varying gravity of cartel activities, and is in sync with the EU’s rule of law and governance structure and the Commission’s leniency programme.