bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Study of Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) for Hospitalization in Urban Kerala
Authors: Philip Paul John , Panda Gyana Ranjan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Health financing in the post-Covid period is considered the primary policy tool for the government to fortify and reinforce public healthcare infrastructure, mitigating emergency susceptibilities and meeting societal health disparities. Kerala, the southernmost urbanised province of India, despite having the best human development index (HDI) in the country, now faces rising cases of healthcare breakdown. The rising household healthcare costs and expenses incurred during hospitalisation are now making demand-side financing models such as publicly-funded health insurance (PFHI) schemes crucial for accessing healthcare services. The presence of supply-side moral hazards in the roll-out of PFHI leads to unnecessary care, exacerbating the already existing inequities in the incidence of out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE). In this context, the study, through descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and the concentration index by looking at the unit-level data from the 75th round of the National Sample Survey, attempts to determine the determinants of and inequalities in the incidence of Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE). The study finds considerable deficiencies in financial risk protection and equity in hospitalisation expenditure. The paper looks at pre-existing inequalities and finds that multi-sectoral collaboration is imperative to attain Universal health coverage.
Reproducibility Evaluation of High-Resolution Downscaled Climate Data Using Automated Weather Station and Precise Temperature Monitoring Data.
Authors: Oh Chansung , Bastola Shiksha , Cho Jaepil , Choi Jaeyong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Forest-related disasters are recently increasing in terms of frequency and severity due to climate change. This study aims to produce and evaluate high-resolution gridded climate data for a better understanding and prediction of forest-related disasters in the context of climate change. Thus, ERA5 re-analysis data was collected, and high-resolution observation gridded data (100m interval) were produced using the Improved GIS-based Regression Model (IGISRM). The produced daily data is bias-corrected using the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) data, and then a series of reproducibility evaluations have been performed using the Automated Weather Station (AWS) data and nine on-site monitored Precise Temperature (PT) data. The reproducibility evaluation results using AWS data show that the precipitation has a comparatively low reproducibility as it tends to underestimate the observed temporal fluctuation and rainfall amount. However, the produced high-resolution gridded climate data are found to have excellent estimation performance for the minimum and maximum temperatures. The evaluation using the monitored temperature data showed that the statistical efficiency of minimum temperature was somewhat lower than that of maximum temperature, but overall reproducibility was still high (NRMSE<0.5). In the measurement period (May 2021 ~ April 2022), the maximum temperature was slightly underestimated overall, while the minimum temperature showed overestimation, particularly in winter (after November) when the temperature drops sharply. Excluding one station, the statistical efficiency remained high, indicating that the ERA5 reanalysis data can be used along with the Improved GIS-based Regression Model (IGISRM) statistical downscaling technique for producing high-resolution downscaled observation data in mountainous/forest areas with insufficient observation data.
HBx Integration in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Inhibits Caspase-3-PARP Related Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Yanchun , Guan Xiaolin , Meng Xin , Tong Ying , Ma Xiaolu , Zheng Hui , Chen Cuncun , Xie Suhong , Zhang Heng , Lv Fangfang , Lu Renquan , Guo Lin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common pathological type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is closely associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis B X (HBx) gene integration. This project investigates the cellular biological effects and molecular mechanisms responsible for lymphomagenesis and the progression of HBx gene integration in DLBCL.
Methods: The integration of the HBx gene was monitored using sequencing technology, and variations in cell biological effects and related molecular mechanisms were investigated using exvivocell experiments, which were verified in experimental animals and clinical cases.
Results: The data shows that clinical DLBCL cells demonstrate HBx integration, and the sequencing analysis validated enabled successfully constructed HBx transfected cells. Compared with control cells, HBx transfected cells had a significantly reduced proportion of mitochondrial membrane potential, obviously reduced signals of chromosome DNA breaks, and proportion of apoptotic cells. Therefore, HBx integration was able to cause the biological outcome of apoptosis reduction. Further studies found that this decreased apoptosis level is associated with a significantly reduced downstream of cleaved Caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins, revealing the molecular mechanisms of HBx-associated apoptosis in DLBCL. The animal experiments also demonstrated that the protein expression of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP was prominently reduced in HBx transfected cells from a subcutaneous tumor in nude mice. Overall, the clinically observed expression of cleaved PARP proteins in tissues of HBx-positive DLBCL patients is lower than in HBx-negative patients.
Conclusion: In DLBCL, HBx gene integration inhibits cell apoptosis through the Caspase-3-PARP pathway.
Csu pili dependent biofilm formation and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Nadeem Aftab , Mushtaq Fizza , Zlatkov Nikola , Shahzad Muhammad , Zavialov Anton , Wai Sun Nyunt , Uhlin Bernt Eric 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Acinetobacter baumanniihas emerged as one of the most common extensive drug resistant nosocomial bacterial pathogens that causes a diverse range of human infections. Not only can the bacteria survive in hospital settings for long periods, but they can also resist adverse conditions such as exposure to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants and long-term desiccation. However, underlying regulatory mechanisms that allow A. baumannii to cope with these conditions and mediating its virulence are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that bi-stable expression of the Csu pili, along with the production of poly N-acetyl glucosamine, regulates the formation of mountain-like biofilm-patches on glass surfaces to protect bacteria from the bactericidal effect of colistin. Csu pilus assembly is found to be an essential component of mature biofilms formed on glass surfaces and as pellicles. By using several microscopic techniques, we show that clinical isolates of A. baumannii carrying abundant Csu pili mediate adherence to epithelial cells. In addition, Csu pili suppressed surface-associated motility but enhanced colonization of bacteria into the lungs, spleen, and liver in a mouse model of systemic infection. The screening of c-di-GMP metabolizing protein mutants of A. baumannii 17978 for the capability to adhere to epithelial cells identified GGDEF/EAL protein AIS_2337, here denoted PdeB, as a major regulator of Csu pili-mediated virulence and biofilm formation. Moreover, PdeB was found to be involved in type IV pili regulated robustness of surface-associated motility. Our findings suggest that the Csu pilus is not only a functional component of mature A. baumannii biofilms but also a major virulence factor promoting the initiation of disease progression by mediating bacterial adherence to epithelial cells.
Comparative evaluation of heat-treated bone allograft combined with platelet rich plasma, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and zoledronic acid: An experimental study on the histopathological and histomorphometric aspects of bone healing
Authors: Saginova Dina , Tashmetov Elyarbek , Kamyshanskiy Yevgeniy , Tuleubaev Berik , Rimashevskiy Denis 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The establishment of a reliable technique for promoting bone formation without resorting to autografts remains an unresolved challenge. Currently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and bisphosphonates are under intense scrutiny for their potential clinical utility in such instances. Despite their widespread investigation, the effect of these agents on bone formation is still a matter of debate, and the observed variations in their efficacy are influenced by multiple factors, including the biomaterials employed. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of bone allograft combined with platelet rich plasma, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), and zoledronic acid on bone formation in rabbit femur defects.Materials and methods A total of 96 rabbits were used, and femoral bone defects with a diameter of 5mm and depth of 10mm were created. The bone allografts used were prepared from femoral heads according to the Marburg system. The rabbits were divided into four groups: (1) bone allograft with PRP (AG + PRP), (2) bone allograft with rhBMP-2 5µg (AG + BMP-2), (3) bone allograft with zoledronic acid 5µg (AG + ZA), and (4) bone allograft only (AG) as the control group. Histopathological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate bone defect healing after 14, 30, and 60 days.Results The findings from the histomorphometric analysis showed that the new bone formation inside the bone allograft was significantly greater in the AG + PRP group compared to AG and AG + Zol groups after 14- and 30 days (p < 0.000). The use of bone allograft with rhBMP-2 induced higher bone formation compared to AG group on days 14 and 30 (p < 0,000), but excessive osteoclast activity was observed on day 60. The local co-administration of ZOL with heat-treated allograft inhibits allograft resorption as well as new bone formation in the bone defect at all periods.Conclusion In conclusion, the study demonstrated that PRP and rhBMP-2, combined with a Marburg bone allograft, can significantly promote bone formation in the early stage of bone defect healing.
Accurate evaluation of the progress of delivery with Transperineal ultrasound may increase vaginal delivery: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Enomoto Naosuke , Maki Shintaro , Takakura Sho , Yamaguchi Mizuki , Tamaishi Yuya , Nii Masafumi , Tanaka Kayo , Tanaka Hiroaki , Kondo Eiji , Katsuragi Shinji , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Although evaluation by digital examination of the cervix is the standard method used worldwide for evaluating the progress of delivery, it has a problem because it is subjective. Transperineal ultrasound (TPU) is used as an adjunct to digital evaluation for accurate assessment of the fetal descent and rotation of the advanced part of the fetus. This study aimed to clarify the impact of the introduction of TPU on perinatal outcomes at Mie university hospital. This retrospective study analyzed single pregnant women who underwent delivery management at our hospital between April 2020 and March 2021. Perinatal outcomes were compared between patients who were used TPU (TPU+ group) and those who were not used TPU (TPU- group). The angle of progression and head direction were measured. The rate of vaginal delivery was significantly increased, and the second stage of labor was significantly prolonged in the TPU+ group. There was a significant difference between termination in the latent phase occurred in 3/8 (38%) cases in the TPU+ group and 20/25 (80%) cases in the TPU- group. The rate of vaginal delivery may be increased by accurate evaluation of the progress of delivery with TPU.
Refractive errors and vision impairment in students attending public primary schools: analysis in a large-scale children population in Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Ortiz Marco Antonio , Amato-Almanza Mónica , Romero-Bautista Iván , Klunder-Klunder Miguel , Aguirre-Luna Oswaldo , Kuzhda Iryna , Resnikoff Serge , Eckert Kristen Allison , Lansingh Van Charles 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted from October 2013 through July 2014 to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among students attending public primary schools in Mexico. Among 3,861,156 students at 14,566 public primary schools in all 32 states of Mexico, teachers identified possible refractive errors in 1,253,589 (32.5%) using visual acuity measurement. Optometrists confirmed 391,498 [31.2%, mean (SD) age: 8.8 (1.9) years; 204,110 girls (52.9%)] had refractive errors using visual acuity measurement and noncycloplegic static retinoscopy. Among 288,537 (72.4%) of children with previous eyeglasses usage data reported, 241,505 (83.7%) had uncorrected refractive errors. Before prescription eyeglasses were provided, 281,891 students (72%) had logMAR visual acuity 0.2 or worse; eyeglasses corrected vision loss in 85.6% (n = 241,352) of them. Simple myopic astigmatism was the most frequent refractive error (25.7%, n = 100,545). Astigmatism >-1.00 diopters was present in 54.6% of all students with ametropia. The anisometropia rate based on SE difference between right and left eye ≥ 1.50 diopters was 3.9% (n = 15,402). Uncorrected refractive errors are an important issue in primary school students in Mexico. An updated study is needed to analyze the evolving trends over the past decade.
Control Interfaces for Intention Detection in Active Transfemoral Prosthetics: A Systematic Review
Authors: yusof nur hidayah mohd , Yusof Nur Hidayah Mohd , Hamzaid Nur Azah , Wee Lai Khin , Jasni Farahiyah , Oddon Fanny 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a cutting-edge method for creating control interfaces for intention detection in active transfemoral prosthetic devices is presented. Given the current trend in the prosthetics industry, a review of the literature over the last two decades has found a number of control algorithms utilized for intention detection implementation. Scientific publications, books, and online resources were evaluated for published material on knee prosthesis. Based on the materials, three areas of scientific inquiry involving control interfaces for intention detection in active prosthetic legs have been identified. The studies were assessed using the Downs and Black checklist, and their control techniques as well as the performance assessment for these control interfaces are described. After screening, 211 studies were retrieved and examined, however only 39 publications were included and examined in this review. An active prosthetic leg's control strategy framework and goal output were examined in fifteen (15) papers. In two (2) papers, conventional control methods for transfemoral prosthetic legs were examined. Eight (8) further research looked at the potential implementation of intent detection in the transfemoral prosthetic leg, while fourteen (14) papers explored the active prosthetic leg's machine learning algorithm. As a result, our research showed that using a less complex sensory system to control an active transfemoral prosthetic limb is possible when paired with a creative approach and control algorithm that can translate the restricted sensor data into a larger set of relevant data. Therefore, an effective sensory system (practicality and quality of the sensory input) and intention detection algorithm were required for an active transfemoral prosthetic limb. It is considered a complex activity because of the connected biomechanics of human gait, which the brain governs unconsciously. No prosthetic device has been able to replace a human limb in the same way that the original one would operate due to the ongoing challenges in prosthetic technology. Even with something as simple as walking, there are several components to the difficulty that may be broken down into different study areas. No matter how little, this calls for input from many different domains of knowledge. Considerations for future development might be based on this current analysis of the intention-detecting control interface of active knee prosthetic devices and prosthetic technology. This evaluation of the literature includes not only a study of the viability of control interfaces that support intention detection for an active prosthetic limb, but it also suggests a framework for categorizing various works in the subject.
Reduced northern mid-latitude carbon sink estimates from atmospheric CO2 data
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Zeng Ning , Liu Yun , Wang Jun , Han Pengfei , Cai Qixiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystem in the Northern Hemisphere is characterized by a substantial carbon sink in recent decades1–3. However, the carbon sink inferred from atmospheric CO2 data is usually larger than process- and inventory-based estimates, resulting in carbon release or near-neutral carbon exchange in the tropics. The atmospheric approach is known to be uncertain due to systematic biases of coarse atmospheric transport model simulation. Compared to a coarse-resolution inversion estimate in the integrated region of N. America, E. Asia, and Europe from 2015 to 2018, the carbon sink estimate from a native high-resolution atmospheric inversion is significantly reduced from -3.0±0.08 gigatons of carbon per year (GtC yr-1) to -2.15±0.08 GtC yr-1 due to prominent more carbon release during the non-growing seasons. The major reductions concentrate in the mid-latitudes (20 °N~45 °N) where the mean land carbon sinks in China and USA are reduced from 0.64±0.03 and 0.35±0.02 GtC yr-1 to 0.14±0.03 and 0.15±0.02 GtC yr-1, respectively. The high-resolution transport reduces the annual flux bias mainly by better reproducing the vertical CO2 gradient of the strong and persistent fossil fuel emissions. These results suggest that high-resolution inversion with accurate vertical and meridional transport is urgently needed in targeting national carbon neutrality.
Prediction models combining zonulin, LPS, and LBP predict acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome–acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsuan , Kuo Nai-Rong , Shen Hsiao-Chin , Chang Yun-Chien , Lin Roger , Liao Tsai-Ling , Yeh Hsiao-Yun , Yang Ying-Ying , Hou Ming-Chih , Lin Han-Chieh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) in cirrhosis has been associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut-kidney crosstalk. We use the related markers such as zonulin, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) to predict AKI and HRS-AKI in cirrhotic patients and evaluate their in vitro effects on intestinal (Caco-2) cells and renal tubular (HK-2) cells. From 2013 to 2020, we enrolled 70 cirrhotic patients and developed prediction models for AKI and HRS-AKI over a six-month period. There were 13 (18.6%) and 8 (11.4%) cirrhotic patients who developed AKI and HRS-AKI. The prediction models incorporated zonulin, LPS, LBP, C-reactive protein, age, and history of hepatitis B for AKI, and zonulin, LPS, LBP, total bilirubin, and Child-Pugh score for HRS-AKI. The area under curve (AUC) for the prediction of AKI and HRS-AKI was 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of LPS + hrLBP pre-treated Caco-2 cells induced apoptosis, necrosis, and zonulin release in HK-2 cells, demonstrating the communication between them. This study found that zonulin, LPS, and LBP are potential practical markers for predicting AKI and HRS-AKI in cirrhotic patients, which may serve as potential targets for renal outcomes in cirrhotic patients.
Permeability of Wood Impregnated with Polyethylene Wax Emulsion in Vacuum
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Kong Xiaohui , Wang Chaojie , Yang Xiaojun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Polyethylene wax (PEW) has emerged as a commonly used material for maintaining the quality of wood. The emulsification of solid PEW before being injected into wood can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the high-temperature melting and injection process of solid PEW. The PEW emulsion permeability of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus saligna) and Mongolian Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica) in vacuum environment was investigated using impregnation tests. Steaming pretreatment and microwave irradiation pretreatment were applied. The small particle size and low viscosity of the PEW emulsion facilitated its penetration into the wood capillary system. The weight percent gain (WPG) of Eucalyptus and Mongolian Scotch pine post impregnation in vacuum was positively correlated with both the vacuum-holding time and the impregnation temperature, but after 60 min of impregnation the WPG of both wood species decreased significantly. Both pretreatment methods could substantially improve the wood permeability and effectively promote the penetration of the PEW emulsion into the wood. For steaming, Eucalyptus steamed for 80 min and Mongolian Scotch pine steamed for 120 min gained the maximum WPG. For microwave irradiation, both species exhibited the highest WPG after water immersion for 60 min and microwave irradiation for 30 s. There was a significant variation in WPG between the two species with the same pretreatment method. The relatively lower density and better-developed capillary system of Mongolian Scotch pine allowed more efficient penetration of PEW emulsion. It is recommended that, considering the time cost and practical enhancement, microwave irradiation should be given priority to when pretreating wood.
Plug-flow hydrolysis with lignocellulosic residues: Effect of hydraulic retention time and thin-sludge recirculation
Authors: Menzel Theresa , Neubauer Peter , Junne Stefan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Two parallel plug-flow reactors were successfully applied as a hydrolysis stage for the anaerobic pre-digestion of maize silage and recalcitrant bedding straw (30 % and 66 % w/w) under variations of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and thin-sludge recirculation.
The study proved that the hydrolysis rate profits from shorter HRTs while the hydrolysis yield remained similar and was limited by a low pH-value and reached values of 264 - 310 and 180 - 200 gO2 kgVS-1 for 30 % and 66 % of bedding straw correspondingly. Longer HRT led to metabolite accumulation, significantly increased gas production, a higher acid production rate and a 10 to 18 % higher acid yield of 78 gSCCA kgVS-1 for 66 % of straw. Thin-sludge recirculation increased the acid yield and stabilized the process, especially at a short HRT. Hydrolysis efficiency can thus be improved by shorter HRT, whereas the acidogenic process performance is increased by longer HRT and thin-sludge recirculation. Two main fermentation patterns of the acidogenic community were found: above a pH-value of 3.8, butyric and acetic acid were the main products, while below a pH-value of 3.5, lactic, acetic and succinic acid were mainly accumulating. During plug-flow digestion with recirculation, at low pH-values, butyric acid remained high compared to all other acids. Both fermentation patterns had virtually equal yields of hydrolysis and acidogenesis and showed good reproducibility among the parallel reactor operation.
The suitable combination of HRT and thin-sludge recirculation proved to be useful in a plug-flow hydrolysis as primary stage in biorefinery systems with the benefits of a wider feedstock spectrum including feedstock with cellulolytic components at an increased process robustness against changes in the feedstock composition.