bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy optimization and heat flux analysis of Maxwell nanofluid configurated by an exponentially stretching surface with velocity slip
Authors: Nasir Saleem , Berrouk Abdallah S. , Aamir Asim , Shah Zahir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHybrid nanofluids are extremely important in field of engineering and technology due to their higher heat transportation performance resulting in increased heat transfer rates. In the presence of thermal heat flux, the effect of a slanted MHD with velocity slip condition on a CNTs hybrid nanocomposite across a gradually extending surface is investigated. In present analysis, Maxwell nanofluid is embedded with SWCNT and MWCNT (single and multiple wall carbon nanotubes) nanoparticles. The nanomaterials transformation framework is obtained by employing Xue modified theoretical model. Various factors like dissipation, thermal radiations and Ohmic heat influences are adequately implemented in heat formulation. The physical features of thermodynamical mechanism of irreversibility are explored. The thermodynamics second law is used to produce the entropy optimization formulation. In addition, entropy is utilized to assess the energy aspects of a heat exchanger. Utilizing appropriate parameters, the model nonlinear PDEs are transformed to ODEs. The HAM technique is used to compute the solution of nonlinear ODEs. For both types of CNTs, the variations of entropy rate, Bejan number, velocity and temperature field versus key technical parameters is analyzed. The Nu and Cf computational result for both CNTs are examined in tabulated and chart form. Velocity is inversely proportional to magnetic and solid volume nanoparticle parameters. The Br and Rd accelerates NG and Be for both nanocomposites. Additionally, a comparison of the HAM result and the numerical result is validated.
The effects of being told you are in the intervention group on training results: a pilot study
Authors: Lindberg Kolbjørn , Bjørnsen Thomas , Vårvik Fredrik T. , Paulsen Gøran , Joensen Malene , Kristoffersen Morten , Sveen Ole , Gundersen Hilde , Slettaløkken Gunnar , Brankovic Robert , Solberg Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the placebo effects when comparing training interventions. Consequently, we investigated whether subjects being told they are in the intervention group get better training results compared to subjects being told they are in a control group. Forty athletes (male: n = 31, female: n = 9) completed a 10-week training intervention (age: 22 ± 4 years, height: 183 ± 10 cm, and body mass: 84 ± 15 kg). After randomization, the participants were either told that the training program they got was individualized based on their force–velocity profile (Placebo), or that they were in the control group (Control). However, both groups were doing the same workouts. Measurements included countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint, one-repetition maximum (1RM) back-squat, a leg-press test, ultrasonography of muscle-thickness (m. rectus femoris), and a questionnaire (Stanford Expectations of Treatment Scale) (Younger et al. in Clin Trials 9(6):767–776, 2012). Placebo increased 1RM squat more than Control (5.7 ± 6.4% vs 0.9 ± 6.9%, [0.26 vs 0.02 Effect Size], Bayes Factor: 5.1 [BF10], p = 0.025). Placebo had slightly higher adherence compared to control (82 ± 18% vs 72 ± 13%, BF10: 2.0, p = 0.08). Importantly, the difference in the 1RM squat was significant after controlling for adherence (p = 0.013). No significant differences were observed in the other measurements. The results suggest that the placebo effect may be meaningful in sports and exercise training interventions. It is possible that ineffective training interventions will go unquestioned in the absence of placebo-controlled trials.
Different effects of pesticides on transcripts of the endocrine regulation and energy metabolism in honeybee foragers from different colonies
Authors: Christen Verena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHoneybees are important pollinators of many crops and contribute to biological biodiversity. For years, a decline in bee populations has been observed in certain areas. This decline in honeybees is accompanied by a decrease in pollinator services. One factor contributing to the decline of bee colonies is the exposure to pesticides. Pesticide exposure of bees, among other effects, can negatively affect orientation, memory, immune system function and gene expression. Among the altered expressed genes are transcripts of endocrine regulation and oxidative phosphorylation. Endocrine regulation plays an important role in the development of nurse bees into foragers and oxidative phosphorylation is involved in energy metabolism. Most of these transcriptional changes were investigated using mixed aged honeybees derived from the same colony. Experiments using nurse bees or foragers of the same age but from different colonies are rare. In the present study, effects of the two pesticides chlorpyrifos and pyraclostrobin on the expression of transcripts linked to endocrine regulation and oxidative phosphorylation in foragers of the same age from three different colonies are investigated to fill this gap. These two pesticides were selected because negative effects at sublethal concentrations on bees are known and because they are found in pollen and nectar of crops and wild plants. For this purpose, 20–22 days old foragers of three different colonies were exposed to different sublethal concentrations of the selected fungicides for 24 h, followed by analysis of the expression of buffy, vitellogenin, hbg-3, ilp-1, mrjp1, 2 and 3, cox5a, cox5b and cox17. Some significant changes in gene expression of both endocrine regulation transcripts and oxidative phosphorylation were shown. Furthermore, it became clear that forager bees from different colonies react differently. This is especially important in relation to the risk analysis of pesticides. In addition, it could be shown that the expression of hbg-3 in the brain of bees is a robust marker to distinguish nurse bees from foragers at the molecular biological level. In summary, this study clearly shows that pesticides, which are often detected in pollen and nectar, display negative effects at sublethal concentrations on bees and that it is important to use bees from different colonies for risk assessment of pesticides.
Digital manufacturing of personalised footwear with embedded sensors
Authors: Binelli Marco R. , van Dommelen Ryan , Nagel Yannick , Kim Jaemin , Haque Rubaiyet I. , Coulter Fergal B. , Siqueira Gilberto , Studart André R. , Briand Danick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe strong clinical demand for more accurate and personalized health monitoring technologies has called for the development of additively manufactured wearable devices. While the materials palette for additive manufacturing continues to expand, the integration of materials, designs and digital fabrication methods in a unified workflow remains challenging. In this work, a 3D printing platform is proposed for the integrated fabrication of silicone-based soft wearables with embedded piezoresistive sensors. Silicone-based inks containing cellulose nanocrystals and/or carbon black fillers were thoroughly designed and used for the direct ink writing of a shoe insole demonstrator with encapsulated sensors capable of measuring both normal and shear forces. By fine-tuning the material properties to the expected plantar pressures, the patient-customized shoe insole was fully 3D printed at room temperature to measure in-situ gait forces during physical activity. Moreover, the digitized approach allows for rapid adaptation of the sensor layout to meet specific user needs and thereby fabricate improved insoles in multiple quick iterations. The developed materials and workflow enable a new generation of fully 3D printed soft electronic devices for health monitoring.
Visibility of early gastric cancers by texture and color enhancement imaging using a high-definition ultrathin transnasal endoscope
Authors: Koyama Yohei , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Kawai Takashi , Mizumachi Midori , Yamanishi Fumito , Matsumoto Sho , Suzuki Yuka , Nemoto Daiki , Shinohara Hirokazu , Ichimiya Tadashi , Muramatsu Takahiro , Kagawa Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Taisuke , Madarame Akira , Morise Takashi , Uchida Kumiko , Yamaguchi Hayato , Kono Shin , Naito Sakiko , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Itoi Takao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe evaluated whether texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) using a high-definition ultrathin transnasal endoscope (UTE) improves the visibility of early gastric cancer (EGC) compared with white-light imaging (WLI). This study included 31 EGCs observed by TXI mode 2 using a high-definition UTE prior to endoscopic submucosal dissection. The first outcome was to compare the color differences based on Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage L*a*b* color space between EGCs and the surrounding mucosa by WLI and TXI using the UTE (objective appearance of EGC). The second outcome was to assess the visibility of EGCs by WLI and TXI using the UTE in an image evaluation test performed on 10 endoscopists (subjective appearance of EGC). Color differences between EGCs and non-neoplastic mucosa were significantly higher in TXI than in WLI in all EGCs (TXI: 16.0 ± 10.1 vs. WLI: 10.2 ± 5.5 [mean ± standard deviation], P < 0.001). Median visibility scores evaluated by 10 endoscopists using TXI were significantly higher than those evaluated using WLI (TXI: 4 [interquartile range, 4–4] vs. WLI: 4 [interquartile range, 3–4], P < 0.001). TXI using high-definition UTE improved both objective and subjective visibility of EGCs compared with WLI.
The effect of temporal expectation on the correlations of frontal neural activity with alpha oscillation and sensory-motor latency
Authors: Lee Joonyeol 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn a dynamic environment, we seek to enhance behavioral responses by anticipating future events. Previous studies have shown that the probability distribution of the timing of future events could shape our expectation of event timing; furthermore, the modulation of alpha oscillation is known to be a critical neural factor. However, a link between the modulation of alpha oscillation by temporal expectation and single neural activity is missing. In this study, we investigated how temporal expectation modulated frontal neural activities and behavioral reaction time by recording neural activity from the frontal eye field smooth pursuit eye movement region of monkeys while they performed a smooth pursuit eye movement task. We found that the temporal expectation reduced the coherence between the neural spiking and alpha frequency of the local field potential, along with the trial-by-trial correlation between the neural spiking activity and pursuit latency. This result suggests that the desynchronization of alpha oscillation by temporal expectation would be related to the decorrelation of population neural activity, which could be the neural source of reaction time enhancement by temporal expectation.
Multiferroic and ferroelectric phases revealed in 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene film for high performance resistive data storage devices
Authors: Tahir Rabia , Fatima Sabeen , Zahra Syedah Afsheen , Akinwande Deji , Li Hu , Jafri Syed Hassan Mujtaba , Rizwan Syed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultiferroic materials, showing simultaneous ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders, are considered to be promising candidates for future data storage technology however, the multiferroic phenomenon in two-dimensional (2D) materials is rarely observed. We report a simple approach to observe frequency-dependent ferroelectricity and multiferroicity in 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene film at room-temperature. To study the frequency and poling effect on ferroelectricity, we performed electric polarization vs. electric field (P-E) measurement at different frequencies, measured under zero and non-zero static magnetic fields. The results not only indicate a clear frequency dependence of electric domains owing to varying time relaxation during reversal dynamic but also showed magnetic field control of electric polarization thus, confirmed the presence of strong magneto-electric (ME) coupling at room-temperature. The existence of ME coupling was attributed to the coupling between disordered electric dipoles with local spin moments as well reduced dielectric loss after heat-treatment. Moreover, the ferroelectric Ti3C2Tx MXene film was employed as an active layer within the resistive data storage device that showed a stable switching behavior along with improved on/off ratio in comparison to non-ferroelectric Ti3C2Tx active layer. The unique multiferroic behavior along with ferroelectric-tuned data storage devices reported here, will help understand the intrinsic nature of 2D materials and will advance the 2D ferroelectric data storage industry.
Early Railway Chemistry and its Legacy
Authors: Russell Colin A , Hudson John 
Published: February 2023

One of the most important parts of British heavy industry today is our railway system. Its constant appearances in news bulletins, its enormous appeal to fans or "enthusiasts", its permanent role in the lives of most of us, and its economic significance today, all underline its importance. Railway historians and enthusiasts will be surprised to learn that chemists played an important part in the development of the railway industry in Britain. Chemists themselves are well aware of the many and wide-ranging applications of their discipline, but the fact that their predecessors were involved in the technological development of railways will come as a surprise to many. This book is the first detailed study of this important interaction and covers the crucial role that chemistry played in the development of the British railway industry from its beginnings in the early 19th century up to the grouping of the railways of 1923 into GWR, SR, LNER, and LMSR.
The book describes the vital relationship between chemistry and the railway industry, all very recently discovered. It shows that the railway system would simply have not been possible without chemical inputs, chiefly but by no means entirely analytical. This discovery about a huge revenue-earning industry in Britain came from rare documents recently unearthed and other archival material and the book contains many rare illustrations and vast amounts of previously unpublished material. For the historian, it is a classic case of where history of science and history of technology converge. A great many engineers contributed to the enormous technological development which occurred in the railway industry between 1830 and 1923, but working alongside the engineers were the chemists, and in certain critical areas their contribution to this development was vital. It is a contribution which up until now has not been adequately recognised, and this book puts the record straight.
The book has an unusually wide appeal, being of interest to practising chemists, those interested in the history of chemistry and its role in society, historians of science and technology, mechanical engineers, and not least railway enthusiasts and railway historians. The chemist will be justly proud of the extreme importance of the subject for industry and the railway enthusiast will gain a wholly new picture of the development of the industry in Britain.
Fairness analysis of indoor multi‐user communications through steerable IR‐beam
Authors: Masoumi Hamed , Johar Masoud , Salehiyan Alireza , Emadi Mohammad Javad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDownlink data transmission of multi‐user indoor optical wireless communications and its corresponding fairness analysis is studied by the authors. It is assumed that access points (APs) may use infrared beam (IR‐beam) laser or light emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmissions. For the case of APs with IR‐beams, since the bandwidth of the transmitted optical signal can be very large than that of the LED’s, a typical time‐division multiple access (TDMA) scheme is utilised to serve multiple users and the respective achievable rates are derived. Then, for a general fairness‐scheduling utility function with the capability of adjusting the degree of fairness known as α‐proportional fairness, optimal time‐sharing coefficients are analytically derived in closed‐forms. To compare the performance of the IR‐based communications for the LED‐based APs, two non‐cooperative and cooperative data transmission schemes are also studied and the corresponding achievable rates are presented based on the classical superposition coding. Finally, to compare the performance of the two types of APs, per user data rate of the proposed systems are compared through numerical results for different scenarios to highlight advantages and drawbacks of the two types of APs. Also, by considering the Jain's index as a fairness metric, the impact of the system parameters on the fairness is discussed through numerical results.
Retracted: The use of the intelligent Bayesian network method combined with blockchain technology in the optimisation of tunnel construction quality control
Authors: Cai Liping , Gong Qiaona , Jiang Feng , Yuan Mingzhan , Xiao Zhiyong , Zhang Shuai , Zheng Chengcheng , Wu Yue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRetraction: [Liping Cai, Qiaona Gong, Feng Jiang, Mingzhan Yuan, Zhiyong Xiao, Shuai Zhang, Chengcheng Zheng, Yue Wu, The use of the intelligent Bayesian network method combined with blockchain technology in the optimisation of tunnel construction quality control, IET Software 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12109)].The above article from IET Software, published online on 2 February 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
Management der Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytose bei erwachsenen Patienten
Authors: Doberauer Claus 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytose ist eine seltene myeloische Neoplasie aus dem Formenkreis
der Histiozytosen. Durch entzündliche Gewebezerstörung mit Fibrosierung kann es in jedem Organ
zu einer Dysfunktion kommen. Am häufigsten sind Skelett, Lungen und Haut betroffen. Symptome,
insbesondere eine Hypophyseninsuffizienz, gehen der Diagnosestellung häufig Monate bis Jahre
voraus. Der Krankheitsverlauf ist variabel und reicht von spontanen Rückbildungen bis hin zu
chronisch rezidivierenden Verläufen. Die Therapiemaßnahmen richten sich nach
Krankheitsaktivität, betroffenen Organen und Organdysfunktion. Aufgrund häufig zugrunde
liegender somatischer Genmutationen im MAPK-Signaltransduktionsweg stehen jetzt auch gezielt
wirksame Inhibitoren zur Verfügung. Die Prognose der Patienten ist günstig. Erkrankung oder
Therapiemaßnahmen können jedoch zu irreversiblen Spätfolgen führen. Eine vor allem
symptomorientierte Nachsorge ist empfehlenswert.
Bilateral Breast Phyllodes Tumor in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Dutt Aishwarya Sunil , Bakhshi Girish , Sabale Chandrakant , Landge Ravi , Baligar Sushrut , V. Rajalakshmi , Jha Madhu , Joshi Sampada , Teja Chettubattina Ravi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhyllodes is a rare tumor found exclusively in females. It can be classified into benign, intermediate, or malignant variety based on the aggressive nature of the disease. With adequate preoperative clinical assessment combined with histopathology and radiological investigations the adequate treatment strategy can be formulated to avoid future recurrences. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is associated with a genotypic male, which can be confirmed by karyotyping, with phenotypic female characteristics. The present case is the first case of bilateral breast phyllodes tumor in a patient with CAIS. Preoperative assessment was suggestive of bilateral phyllodes tumor with bilateral gonads in the inguinal region which was confirmed to be testis postoperatively on histopathological analysis. A brief case report with review of literature is presented.
Pelvic Ultrasound Imaging-Based Prevalence of Gynecological Morbidity in a Population of Asymptomatic Reproductive-Age Women Attending a Healthcare Outreach Program in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India
Authors: Rajput Eesha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGynecological morbidity in the reproductive age is defined as any condition, disease, or dysfunction of the reproductive system that is not related to pregnancy, abortion, or childbirth. Common gynecological symptoms include irregular menstruation, white vaginal discharge, burning urination, itching of the vulva, inguinal swelling, and nonmenstrual bleeding or spotting and chronic pelvic pain. Masses of the reproductive tract, adnexal masses, and polycystic ovary syndrome also occur in the reproductive age group. Gynecological disease contributes to nearly 4.5% of the overall global disease burden and exceeds the prevalence of other major global diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, ischemic heart disease, and maternal conditions. Ultrasound is a painless, noninvasive imaging modality that can be used for the detection of gynecological abnormalities. This study uses pelvic ultrasound imaging to estimate the prevalence of gynecological morbidity in a population of asymptomatic reproductive-age women attending a healthcare outreach program in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India.
From chaos to cosmology: insights gained from 1D gravity
Authors: Miller Bruce , Manfredi Giovanni , Pirjol Dan , Rouet Jean-Louis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The gravitational force controls the evolution of the Universe on several scales. It is responsible for the formation of galaxies from the primordial matter distribution and the formation of planets from solar nebulae. Because the gravitational force is singular and has infinite range, making predictions based on fully three-dimensional models may be challenging. One-dimensional (1D) Newtonian gravity models were proposed as toy models for understanding the dynamics of gravitational systems. They can be integrated exactly and were used for computer simulations starting in the 1960s, providing the first demonstration of violent relaxation and the rapid development of long-lived quasi-stationary states (QSS). The present review provides the bases of the physics of 1D gravitational systems. It is divided into two main parts, the first concerning the approach to equilibrium and the second applications to cosmology. Each part is self-contained and can be read independently of the other. In the first part, we provide an introduction to the equilibrium thermodynamics of the one-dimensional gravitational sheet (OGS) system in the Vlasov limit. Both fixed and periodic boundary conditions are considered. The relaxation to equilibrium of the OGS is studied through numerical simulations which establish the role played by QSS and violent relaxation. We also survey existing work on the Lyapunov exponents of the OGS and on the chaotic dynamics of 1D systems with few particles, focusing on the 1D three-body problem. The second part summarizes work on dynamical structure formation in cosmology using 1D systems. By transforming to comoving coordinates, which follow the global expansion of the Universe, the 1D approach provides a useful laboratory for studying structure formation in various cosmological scenarios, from Einstein-de Sitter and ΛCDM to more recent, alternative cosmological models. A key result is the appearance of scale-free behavior with fractal dimension, which can be reliably studied in 1D for large systems over many epochs. Finally, an appendix gives some details on the numerical simulation methods used in these studies.