bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating floods and attenuating surface runoff with temporary storage areas in headwaters
Authors: Roberts Martyn T. , Geris Josie , Hallett Paul D. , Wilkinson Mark E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTemporary storage areas (TSAs) represent a category of soft‐engineered nature‐based solutions that can provide dispersed, small‐scale storage throughout a catchment. TSAs store and attenuate surface runoff, providing new additional storage during flood events. The need for such additional catchment storage will become more urgent as the frequency and magnitude of extreme hydrological events increases due to climate change. Implementation of TSAs in headwater catchments is slowly gaining momentum, but practitioners still require further evidence on how such measures function during flood events. This review focuses on the role of relatively small‐scale (<10,000 m3) TSAs in headwater catchments for flood risk management. It also explores the potential wider benefits for implementing these as part of an integrated catchment management approach. TSA flood mitigation effectiveness is primarily determined by the TSA's available storage prior to the event. At the local scale, this can be represented by the relationship between TSA inputs, outputs and total storage. Factors influencing the local functioning and effectiveness of TSAs are discussed, with potential considerations for optimizing future TSA design and management. Hydrological models have suggested that TSAs could be used to effectively attenuate high magnitude events. However, future considerations should involve addressing the lack of empirical evidence showing TSA catchment scale effectiveness and how local TSA functioning might change in time. Small‐scale headwater TSAs offer a holistic and sustainable approach to catchment management that can deliver both local benefits to landowners and wider flood risk mitigation for society.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
The political ecology of small freshwater bodies in Kerala, India
Authors: Sankar Vinay , Suresh Lavanya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article situates the empirical context of small freshwater bodies in the theoretical debates of commons and political ecology to understand the processes of institutionalization. We argue that a “politics of empty space” operating in the policy narratives and the practices have resulted in a partial decommodification of rural waters in Kerala. The communities, especially the oppressed and the marginalized, have managed to co‐produce ecological assets like rural ponds. Such efforts towards re‐embedding the economy in the society could be a starting point to address the water and the larger environmental crisis that we are in today.
Imaging optimisation process of human lung tissue using synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography in PLS‐II
Authors: Lim Jae‐Hong , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kim Seob‐Gu , Lee Sungho , Seo Seung‐Jun , Seok Yangki , Yi Eunjue 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSynchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT) can provide non‐destructive three‐dimensional investigation for soft tissue with high resolution. The aim of this study is to evaluate technical improvements in microcomputed tomographic imaging of human lung tissue using a synchrotron radiation source at the 6C biomedical beamline. SR‐μCT images of excised human lung tissue (6 mm vertically and 10 mm horizontally sized) were explored at the 6C biomedical beamline in the Pohang accelerator laboratory (Pohang, Republic of Korea) using phase retrieval methods with a modified Bronnikov algorithm. Experimental data collection was performed with changes in the following conditions: the presence of a graphite attenuator, sample to detector distance, the presence of different scintillators and increasing pixel sizes. We identified that the resolution of lung tissue images was sufficiently enhanced when the graphite attenuator was not applied, 550 mm of sample to detector distance, with Cadmium tungsten (CdWO4) scintillator and twice binning of the pixel data and could be comparable with images from pathologic examination. Refinement of SR‐μCT techniques for soft tissue originating from the human body would advance the potential clinical application of synchrotron radiation in the near future.
Novel Modality of Endoluminal Anastomotic Integrity Assessment with Fluoroangiography After Left‐sided Colorectal Resections
Authors: Castagneto‐Gissey Lidia , Iodice Alessandra , Urciuoli Paolo , Pontone Stefano , Salvati Bruno , Casella Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral methods have been described for the intraoperative evaluation of colorectal anastomotic integrity. Technological evolution has allowed to progress from basic mechanical methods to the use of more sophisticated techniques. This study describes a novel endoluminal modality of colorectal anastomotic assessment through the use of a Disposable Rigid Scope Introducer (DRSI) also allowing for intraoperative endoluminal perfusion evaluation by indocyanine green (ICG) fluoroangiography in patients undergoing left‐sided colorectal resection.MethodsThe DRSI consists of an endoluminal introducer device made up of an insertion tube and port connected to an insufflation bulb to manually insufflate the sigmoid and rectum and is compatible with any laparoscopic camera, also allowing for ICG fluoroangiography for perfusion purposes.ResultsThe DRSI was successfully used to assess anastomotic integrity after left‐sided colorectal resections performed in 16 consecutive patients. The DRSI allowed to visualize by fluoroangiography the quality of tissue perfusion at the anastomotic site in all cases, contributing to the decision of avoiding loop ileostomies in low rectal resections. In 2 cases, the DRSI showed the presence of significant anastomotic bleeding which was successfully controlled by laparoscopic suture placement. No adverse event resulted from the use of this device.ConclusionsThe DRSI combines direct endoluminal visualization of the anastomosis together with real‐time evaluation of its blood flow. This device holds great potential for prompt intraoperative detection of anastomotic alterations, possibly reducing the risk of postoperative anastomotic bleeding or leaks related to mechanical construction/perfusion issues. Potential advantages of this device warrant larger cohort studies and prospective randomized trials.
Characterizing porous disk wakes in different turbulent inflow conditions with higher-order statistics
Authors: Vinnes Magnus K. , Neunaber Ingrid , Lykke Hauk-Morten H. , Hearst R. Jason 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe wakes of a uniform and a non-uniform porous disk exposed to two different turbulent flows are investigated experimentally. The disks are representative of static wind turbine models found in literature. Six wake profiles were collected through hot-wire anemometry between three and 30 diameters downstream of the disks. Both one-point and two-point statistics are studied. The results show that higher freestream turbulence affects the wake of the uniform disk more than that of the non-uniform disk, also changing the wake’s shape and recovery rate. Furthermore, we confirm earlier findings that the turbulence at the centerline in the developed part of the wake is independent of both the design of the wake-generating object and the inflow. Similar to findings in the wake of a wind turbine, a ring of high intermittency is found at the very edge of the wakes of both disks and in both inflow conditions. We identify the existence of this ring over a range of scales. The results show that, even for higher-order two-point statistics, the developed wake of different porous disks qualitatively agrees well with the wake of wind turbine models.
Graphical abstract
Effect of particle size on the suction mechanism in granular grippers
Authors: Santarossa Angel , D’Angelo Olfa , Sack Achim , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Granular grippers are highly adaptable end-effectors that exploit the reversible jamming transition of granular materials to hold and manipulate objects. Their holding force comes from the combination of three mechanisms: frictional forces, geometrical constraints, and suction effects. In this work, we experimentally study the effect of particle size on the suction mechanism. Through X-ray computed tomography, we show that small particles (average diameter $$d \approx {120}\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$

d
≈
120

μ
m

) achieve higher conformation around the object than larger particles ($$d \approx {4}\,\hbox {mm}$$

d
≈
4

mm

), thus allowing the formation of air-tight seals. When the gripper is pulled off, mimicking lifting of an object, vacuum pressure is generated in the sealed cavity at the interface gripper–object. If the particles used as filling material are too large, the gripper does not conform closely around the object, leaving gaps between the gripper’s membrane and the object. These gaps prevent the formation of sealed vacuum cavities between the object and the gripper and in turn hinder the suction mechanism from operating.

Graphical abstract
Secondary Lip Flow in a Cyclone Separator
Authors: Misiulia Dzmitry , Lidén Göran , Antonyuk Sergiy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThree secondary flows, namely the inward radial flow along the cyclone lid, the downward axial flow along the external surface of the vortex finder, and the radial inward flow below the vortex finder (lip flow) have been studied at a wide range of flow rate 0.22–7.54 LPM using the LES simulations. To evaluate these flows the corresponding methods were originally proposed. The highly significant effect of the Reynolds number on these secondary flows has been described by equations. The main finding is that the magnitude of all secondary flows decrease with increasing Reynolds number. The secondary inward radial flow along the cyclone lid is not constant and reaches its maximum value at the central radial position between the vortex finder external wall and the cyclone wall. The secondary downward axial flow along the external surface of the vortex finder significantly increases at the lowest part of the vortex finder and it is much larger than the secondary flow along the cyclone lid. The lip flow is much larger than the secondary inward radial flow along the cyclone lid, which was assumed in cyclone models to be equal to the lip flow, and the ratio of these two secondary flows is practically independent of the Reynolds number.
The Barriers and Facilitators to Decentralised Nurse-Led Mental Health Service Delivery in Sierra Leone
Authors: Hopwood Helen , Harris Dawn , Sevalie Stephen , Iyawa Gloria , Langan Martin Julie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 2009, 98.0% of people with mental illness in Sierra Leone were not receiving treatment, partly due to the absence of public psychiatric facilities outside the capital. In response to this situation, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation rolled out nurse-led mental health units (MHUs) to every district. This study evaluates the barriers and facilitators to mental health service delivery in decentralised MHUs in Sierra Leone using key informant interviews and focus group discussions with 13 purposefully sampled clinical staff and senior management personnel. The interviews were audio-recorded, translated from Krio if necessary, transcribed, and analysed using manifest content analysis. The findings suggest that factors affecting nurse-led mental health service delivery include small workforce and high workload, culture and beliefs, risks, lack of safety measures and required resources, outdated policies, poor salaries, lack of funds for medication, distance, power, influence, and stigma. Factors that could facilitate nurse-led mental health services include: increasing motivation, increasing the workforce, knowledge sharing, mentorship, availability of medication, passion and modern psychiatry. The findings contribute towards understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by the recently established nurse-led decentralised mental health services across Sierra Leone, in order to address the large mental health treatment gap. We hope the findings will inform further policy and planning to improve the quality of decentralised mental healthcare.
Development of a New Event-Based Rainfall-Runoff Equation Based on Average Rainfall Intensity During an Event
Authors: Shokri Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvent-based rainfall-runoff models are practical tools commonly used to predict catchments’ response to a rainfall event. However, one of the main concerns is that the characteristics of rain events are neglected in the model development. This paper develops a novel event-based rainfall-runoff equation to incorporate rainfall characteristics into account. The performance of the new equation is evaluated based on the root mean square error, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, and per cent bias for 13,339 rainfall-runoff events between 2005 and 2020 over 23 catchments across New Zealand and Australia with oceanic, mediterranean, tropical, subtropical, and semiarid climates. Compared to the previous event-based models, the new equation shows an improvement in runoff estimation in almost all case studies. Furthermore, considering the new equation is simple, efficient, and takes the rain event duration into account, the new equation has the potential to become a robust alternative method to the conventional curve number method in hydrological engineering projects.
Adaptations to the Learning Environment for Elementary School Children in Georgia during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Casimir Olivia A. , Blake Sarah C. , Klosky Jill V. , Gazmararian Julie A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn March 2020, the rapid spread of COVID-19 led to physical school closures across the United States. Schools quickly transitioned to a remote and/or virtual learning environment. This transition had implications for students at all levels of education, especially for those most vulnerable and school-dependent for ancillary resources. The goal of this qualitative exploratory research study was to examine how public elementary schools in Georgia adapted their learning environments for students in kindergarten through third grade during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection activities included school demographic surveys, parent surveys, interviews with twelve school administrators, and six focus groups with twenty-six parents. The participants discussed schools’ preparation capabilities, implementation of learning modalities, and resources for students and families. Most school personnel described the new virtual teaching demands as a hurdle for their teachers and identified several academic consequences stemming from inadequate technology access or training, such as student absenteeism and lower teaching performance. Schools lacked appropriate preparation as well as limited resources to transition to virtual learning. The COVID-19 pandemic aggravated pre-existing education and technology resource disparities for students and families of low socio-economic status or who live in rural areas. Findings from this study provide educators with information regarding deficiencies in the learning environment and provide recommendations for ongoing academic remedial efforts. Additionally, this study provides important context for the shortcomings of the COVID-19 learning environments and highlights the need to strengthen school community infrastructure and emergency planning.
Detecting Patient Deterioration Early Using Continuous Heart rate and Respiratory rate Measurements in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Peters Guido M , Peelen Roel V , Gilissen Vincent JHS , Koning Mark V , van Harten Wim H , Doggen Carine J.M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Presenting symptoms of COVID-19 patients are unusual compared with many other illnesses. Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate may stay within acceptable ranges as the disease progresses. Consequently, intermittent monitoring does not detect deterioration as it is happening. We investigated whether continuously monitoring heart rate and respiratory rate enables earlier detection of deterioration compared with intermittent monitoring, or introduces any risks.

Methods
When available, patients admitted to a COVID-19 ward received a wireless wearable sensor which continuously measured heart rate and respiratory rate. Two intensive care unit (ICU) physicians independently assessed sensor data, indicating when an intervention might be necessary (alarms). A third ICU physician independently extracted clinical events from the electronic medical record (EMR events). The primary outcome was the number of true alarms. Secondary outcomes included the time difference between true alarms and EMR events, interrater agreement for the alarms, and severity of EMR events that were not detected.

Results
In clinical practice, 48 (EMR) events occurred. None of the 4 ICU admissions were detected with the sensor. Of the 62 sensor events, 13 were true alarms (also EMR events). Of these, two were related to rapid response team calls. The true alarms were detected 39 min (SD = 113) before EMR events, on average. Interrater agreement was 10%. Severity of the 38 non-detected events was similar to the severity of 10 detected events.

Conclusion
Continuously monitoring heart rate and respiratory rate does not reliably detect deterioration in COVID-19 patients when assessed by ICU physicians.
Nestin expression in intact and hypertrophic myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats during aging
Authors: Cizkova Dana , Zurmanova Jitka M. , Gerykova Lucie , Kouvelas Alexandros , Heles Mario , Elsnicova Barbara , Galatik Frantisek , Silhavy Jan , Pravenec Michal , Mokry Jaroslav 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNestin is a unique intermediate filament expressed for a short period in the developing heart. It was also documented in several cell types of the adult myocardium under pathological conditions such as myocardial infarction or fibrosis. However, circumstances of nestin re-occurrence in the diseased or aging heart have not been elucidated yet. In this work we immunohistochemically detected nestin to determine its expression and distribution pattern in the left ventricular myocardium of normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and in the hypertrophic ones of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats, both at the age of 1 and 1.5 year. No nestin+ cells were identified in the intact myocardium of 1-year-old WKY rats, whereas in the aged 1.5-year-old WKY rats nestin+ endothelial cells in some blood vessels were discovered. In the hypertrophic myocardium of all SHR rats, nestin was rarely detected in desmin+ vimentin− cardiomyocytes and in some vimentin+ interstitial cells often accumulated in clusters, varying in intensity of desmin immunoreactivity. Moreover, nestin was infrequently expressed in the endothelial cells of some myocardial blood vessels in 1-year-old SHR rats, but not in 1.5-year-old ones. Quantitative image analysis of nestin expression in the myocardium confirmed significant increase in 1.5-year-old WKY rats and in SHR rats of both ages compared to the intact 1-year-old WKY rats. This study firstly documents nestin re-expression indicating cytoskeletal remodelling in different cell types of the aging intact and chronically pressure over-loaded hypertrophied myocardium. Our findings confirm nestin involvement in complex changes during myocardial hypertrophy and progressive aging.
Understanding translational research in schizophrenia: A novel insight into animal models
Authors: Malik Jonaid Ahmad , Yaseen Zahid , Thotapalli Lahari , Ahmed Sakeel , Shaikh Mohd Farooq , Anwar Sirajudheen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia affects millions of people worldwide and is a major challenge for the scientific community. Like most psychotic diseases, it is also considered a complicated mental disorder caused by an imbalance in neurotransmitters. Due to the complexity of neuropathology, it is always a complicated disorder. The lack of proper understanding of the pathophysiology makes the disorder unmanageable in clinical settings. However, due to recent advances in animal models, we hope we can have better therapeutic approaches with more success in clinical settings. Dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and serotonin are the neurotransmitters involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Various animal models have been put forward based on these neurotransmitters, including pharmacological, neurodevelopmental, and genetic models. Polymorphism of genes such as dysbindin, DICS1, and NRG1 has also been reported in schizophrenia. Hypothesis based on dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin are considered successful models of schizophrenia on which drug therapies have been designed to date. New targets like the orexin system, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and cannabinoid receptors have been approached to alleviate the negative and cognitive symptoms. The non-pharmacological models like the post-weaning social isolation model (maternal deprivation), the isolation rearing model etc. have been also developed to mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia and to create and test new approaches of drug therapy which is a breakthrough at present in psychiatric disorders. Different behavioral tests have been evaluated in these specific models. This review will highlight the currently available animal models and behavioral tests in psychic disorders concerning schizophrenia.
Causal effects of a tax incentive on SME capital investment
Authors: Hosono Kaoru , Hotei Masaki , Miyakawa Daisuke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe estimate the causal effects of a tax incentive for specific productivity-enhancing equipment introduced in 2014 for Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Using firm-level panel data, we find, first, that the introduction of the tax incentive did not on average increase the capital investment rate of SMEs eligible for the tax incentive possibly due to the small number of firms using the incentive. Second, despite this finding, the firms using the tax incentive increased their capital investment rate and improved labor productivity more than the comparable firms holding the stated capital close to but more than the criterion of SMEs did. Third, firms using the tax incentive did not increase capital intensity. Fourth, more financially constrained firms using the tax incentive increased their capital investment rate to a greater degree. These results show that the use of the tax incentive mitigates financial constraints in upgrading capital.
Accumulation of toxic Pb(II) ions by the iron-containing minerals in the presence of ionic polyacrylamide soil conditioner
Authors: Latusek Kacper , Urban Teresa , Ulatowska Justyna , Polowczyk Izabela , Nowicki Piotr , Wiśniewska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this research was to determine the adsorption–desorption, surface, electrokinetic, and stability properties of aqueous suspensions of iron-containing minerals in the presence of anionic polyacrylamide (AN PAM) and lead(II) ions. Three minerals found in the soil environment, akaganeite, goethite, and magnetite, were synthesized based on the precipitation method. The interaction mechanism of heavy metal ions with polymer flocculant, which are adsorbed on the soil mineral particles, was proposed. It was shown that the best affinity to the AN PAM or/and Pb(II), adsorbed both from single and mixed solution, shows akageneite (characterized by the highly developed specific surface area). Polymer-metal complexes formed in the mixed adsorbate systems are rather stable, evidence of which is reduced desorption and consequently limited bioavailability of toxic lead ions for organisms and plants in soil environment.