bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building a student learning‐focused assessment and grading system in dental school: One school's experience
Authors: Zubiaurre Bitzer Laureen A. , Dathatri Shubha , Fine James B. , Swan Sein Aubrie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesAs health professions education moves toward competency‐based education, there has been increased focus on the structure of assessment systems that support student competency development and learning. This has been buoyed by a growing body of research supporting assessment for learning processes to promote student growth and learning rather than relying on assessment systems primarily to measure performance. This paper presents the rationale and evidence for moving to an assessment for learning system and the results of a quasi‐experimental interrupted time series study using data from 2015 to 2022 to evaluate the impacts of these changes.MethodsColumbia University College of Dental Medicine faculty voted to implement assessment for learning system changes beginning in 2017 with the graduating class of 2021. These changes included moving from using a grading system for didactic courses with Honors, Pass, and Fail as available grades to a grading system with only Pass and Fail as available grades, as well as creating synthesis and assessment weeks, weekly problem sets, post‐exam review sessions, exam remediation opportunities, and formative progress exams throughout the curriculum. The revised assessment and grading system changes were communicated to residency program directors, and programmatic competency data about student performance across the curriculum were shared with programs in Dean's Letters.ResultsOnce assessment system changes were implemented, it was found that student exam failure rates were lower, course exam scores were the same or higher, and performance on board exams improved compared to the national average. Students reported positive perceptions with regard to well‐being and learning climate that they associated with the adoption of Pass/Fail grading. Match outcomes, including student satisfaction and program director ratings, have remained consistently positive.ConclusionAs dental educators, our goal is to nurture students to become life‐long learners. Adopting a grading structure that is Pass/Fail and an assessment system that fosters learning allows students to shape learning practices that favor long‐term retention and application of information, also enhancing the learning environment and student well‐being. These system changes may also facilitate the inclusion and support of students whose backgrounds are underrepresented in dentistry.
Special considerations for studies of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths: A community‐led roadmap to increase rigour and reproducibility
Authors: White Ruby , Sotillo Javier , Ancarola María Eugenia , Borup Anne , Boysen Anders Toftegaard , Brindley Paul J. , Buzás Edit I. , Cavallero Serena , Chaiyadet Sujittra , Chalmers Iain W. , Cucher Marcela A. , Dagenais Maude , Davis Chelsea N. , Devaney Eileen , Duque‐Correa Maria A. , Eichenberger Ramon Marc , Fontenla Santiago , Gasan Thomas A. , Hokke Cornelis H. , Kosanovic Maja , Kuipers Marije E. , Laha Thewarach , Loukas Alex , Maizels Rick M. , Marcilla Antonio , Mazanec Hynek , Morphew Russell M. , Neophytou Kyriaki , Nguyen Linh Thuy , Nolte‐‘t Hoen Esther , Povelones Michael , Robinson Mark W. , Rojas Alicia , Schabussova Irma , Smits Hermelijn H. , Sungpradit Sivapong , Tritten Lucienne , Whitehead Bradley , Zakeri Amin , Nejsum Peter , Buck Amy H. , Hoffmann Karl F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, research interest in defining how extracellular vesicles (EVs) shape cross‐species communication has grown rapidly. Parasitic helminths, worm species found in the phyla Nematoda and Platyhelminthes, are well‐recognised manipulators of host immune function and physiology. Emerging evidence supports a role for helminth‐derived EVs in these processes and highlights EVs as an important participant in cross‐phylum communication. While the mammalian EV field is guided by a community‐agreed framework for studying EVs derived from model organisms or cell systems [e.g., Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV)], the helminth community requires a supplementary set of principles due to the additional challenges that accompany working with such divergent organisms. These challenges include, but are not limited to, generating sufficient quantities of EVs for descriptive or functional studies, defining pan‐helminth EV markers, genetically modifying these organisms, and identifying rigorous methodologies for in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, we outline best practices for those investigating the biology of helminth‐derived EVs to complement the MISEV guidelines. We summarise community‐agreed standards for studying EVs derived from this broad set of non‐model organisms, raise awareness of issues associated with helminth EVs and provide future perspectives for how progress in the field will be achieved.
The current and future role of the MRI radiographer in radiation oncology: A collaborative, experiential reflection on the Australian rollout of dedicated MRI simulators
Authors: Cahoon Glenn , Skehan Kate , Elwadia Doaa , Rai Robba 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has proven value in radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP). MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast, and improves lesion detection, definition and extent, allowing for increased conformal treatment. Recent installation of dedicated MRI simulators and MRI‐guided linear accelerators (MR Linacs) within radiation oncology departments has led to a sudden and rapid expansion in the scope of practice for many radiation therapists and MRI radiographers. The lack of current recommendations, guidelines and credentialing for both MRI radiographers and radiation therapists working within these atypical MRI environments poses a significant challenge for the education and training of staff, and the safe operation of these units. This commentary discusses current pathways for radiographers and radiation therapists entering the emerging field of MRI‐guided radiation oncology, and the future role of the MRI radiographer in addressing the unique issues found in non‐standard MRI environments. The authors draw on their collective experience as MRI radiographers assisting the rollout of dedicated MRI simulators in radiation oncology departments across Australia and reflect on the need for close collaboration between radiographers, radiation therapists and their respective departments. There is also a critical role for professional bodies to play in supporting existing and future roles in MRI and recognising advanced practitioner scope of practice.
ACE2 PET to reveal the dynamic patterns of ACE2 recovery in an infection model with pseudocorona virus
Authors: Li Xiao , Yin Wei , Li Ao , Li Danni , Gao Xiaolong , Wang Ruizhi , Cui Bin , Qiu Shuang , Li Rou , Jia Lina , Zuo Changjing , Zhang Lan , Li Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, a series of sequelae, such as fatigue, tachypnea, and ageusia, appeared in long COVID patients, but the pathological basis was still uncertain. The targeted radiopharmaceuticals were of potential to systemically and dynamically trace the pathological changes. For the key ACE2 protein in the virus‐host interaction, 68Ga‐cyc‐DX600 was developed on the basis of DX600 as a PET tracer of ACE2 fluctuation and maintained the ability in differentiating ACE and ACE2. In the temporary infection model inhaled with the radio‐traceable pseudovirus in the upper respiratory tract of male humanized ACE2 (hACE2) mice, organ‐specific ACE2 dysfunction in acute period and the following ACE2 recovery in a relatively long period was visualized and quantified by ACE2 PET, revealing a complex pattern of virus concentration‐dependent degree and time period‐dependent tendency of ACE2 recovery, mainly a sudden decrease of apparent ACE2 in the heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and so on, but the liver was of a quick functional compensation on ACE2 expression after a temporary decrease. ACE2 expression of most organs has recovered to a normal level at 15 days post inhalation, with brain and genitals still of a decreased SUVACE2; meanwhile, kidneys were of an increased SUVACE2. These findings on ACE2 PET were further verified by western blot. When compared with high‐resolution computed tomography on structural changes and FDG PET on glycometabolism, ACE2 PET was superior in an earlier diagnostic window during infection and more comprehensive understanding of functional dysfunction post‐infection. In the respective ACE2 PET/CT and ACE2 PET/MR scans of a volunteer, the repeatability of SUVACE2 and the ACE2 specificity were further confirmed. In conclusion, 68Ga‐cyc‐DX600 was developed as an ACE2‐specific tracer, and the corresponding ACE2 PET revealed the dynamic patterns of functional ACE2 recovery and provided a reference and approach to explore the ACE2‐related pathological basis of sequelae in long COVID.
Analysis of long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs expression profiles in the hearts of mice with acute viral myocarditis
Authors: Xue Yimin , Ke Jun , Zhang Jiuyun , Chen Mingguang , Zeng Lijuan , Fan Qiaolian , Zheng Chunfu , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is a common acute myocardial inflammation caused by viral infections, which can lead to severe cardiac dysfunction. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with aberrant expression have been identified in the pathogenesis of AVMC. However, the expression profiles and functions of lncRNAs in AVMC have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we constructed AVMC mouse models by intraperitoneal injection of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and performed RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) on heart tissues to investigate the differences in lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles. Based on the cutoff criteria of adjusted p‐values (padj) <0.05 and |log2FoldChange| >1, a total of 1122 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and 3186 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were screened, including 734 upregulated and 388 downregulated lncRNAs, 1821 upregulated and 1365 downregulated mRNAs. RT‐qPCR analysis validated that the expression patterns of 12 randomly selected genes (6 DElncRNAs and 6 DEmRNAs) were highly consistent with those in RNA‐seq, proving the reliability of the RNA‐seq data. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in metabolic and immune‐related processes. Furthermore, co‐expression networks between DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs in cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway were constructed to study the molecular interactions of these molecules. Our study, for the first time, reveals the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with AVMC, which may shed light on the roles of lncRNAs in disease pathogenesis and aid in discovering new therapeutic targets.
A vaccine delivery system promotes strong immune responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Lei Zhiwei , Zhu Leqing , Pan Pan , Ruan Zhihui , Gu Yu , Xia Xichun , Wang Shengli , Ge Weiwei , Yao Yangrong , Luo Fazeng , Xiao Heng , Guo Jun , Ding Qiang , Yin Zhinan , Li Yongkui , Luo Zhen , Zhang Qiwei , Chen Xin , Wu Jianguo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemics highlight the need of developing vaccines with universal and durable protection against emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Here we developed an extended‐release vaccine delivery system (GP‐diABZI‐RBD), consisting the original SARS‐CoV‐2 WA1 strain receptor‐binding domain (RBD) as the antigen and diABZI stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist in conjunction with yeast β‐glucan particles (GP‐diABZI) as the platform. GP‐diABZI‐RBD could activate STING pathway and inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 replication. Compared to diABZI‐RBD, intraperitoneal injection of GP‐diABZI‐RBD elicited robust cellular and humoral immune responses in mice. Using SARS‐CoV‐2 GFP/ΔN transcription and replication‐competent virus‐like particle system (trVLP), we demonstrated that GP‐diABZI‐RBD‐prototype vaccine exhibited the strongest and durable humoral immune responses and antiviral protection; whereas GP‐diABZI‐RBD‐Omicron displayed minimum neutralization responses against trVLP. By using pseudotype virus (PsVs) neutralization assay, we found that GP‐diABZI‐RBD‐Prototype, GP‐diABZI‐RBD‐Delta, and GP‐diABZI‐RBD‐Gamma immunized mice sera could efficiently neutralize Delta and Gamma PsVs, but had weak protection against Omicron PsVs. In contrast, GP‐diABZI‐RBD‐Omicron immunized mice sera displayed the strongest neutralization response to Omicron PsVs. Taken together, the results suggest that GP‐diABZI can serve as a promising vaccine delivery system for enhancing durable humoral and cellular immunity against broad SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Our study provides important scientific basis for developing SARS‐CoV‐2 VOC‐specific vaccines.
A locally weighted linear ridge regression framework for spatial interpolation of monthly precipitation over an orographically complex area
Authors: Zandi Omid , Nasseri Mohsen , Zahraie Banafsheh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article aimed to investigate the potential of using three large‐scale precipitation products (PPs), including TRMM, ERA5‐Land, and MSWEP, and two land surface characteristics, including NDVI and Land Surface Temperature (LST), to improve the accuracy of an elevation‐based spatial non‐stationary, Locally Weighted Linear Regression (LWLR) method. A two‐step approach consisting of downscaling and merging was proposed and assessed across an orographically complex region in Iran to construct monthly precipitation maps for the 2001–2015 period. In the first step, three large‐scale PPs were downscaled to 1 km spatial resolution via the Area To Point Kriging (ATPK) method to address the spatial resolution discrepancy between the coarse pixels of PPs and pointwise gauge data. In the second step, five regression models with different combinations of predictors were developed and compared with the benchmark precipitation‐elevation regression model. The L2 regularization method was adopted to overcome the potential multicollinearity issue. The proposed framework could successfully diagnose the multicollinearity issues and dynamically estimate the regularization parameter in space and time. We utilized the holdout method to validate and compare the developed models, in which 50% of gauges were used for fitting the regression functions, and the remaining gauges were assigned to the validation dataset. The validation results showed that the overall monthly accuracy of the benchmark univariate elevation‐based model was improved where the MAE metric was decreased by 16.5%, and CC and KGE were increased by 3.4 and 5.8%, respectively. Also, the rBias was enhanced from −5.72 to 1.24%. Mean monthly precipitation maps of the 2001–2015 period generated by the model with the best combination of predictors and the benchmark model displayed the same spatial pattern consistent with the topography. Further analysis under different validation scenarios revealed that the contribution of PPs and auxiliary variables is the greatest when the training gauge network is sparse. Also, the developed multivariate model has a higher extrapolation ability and is more robust than the benchmark model.
Changing seasonality of daily and monthly precipitation extremes for the contiguous USA and possible connections with large‐scale climate patterns
Authors: Dhakal Nirajan , Tharu Bhikhari , Aljoda Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTemporal changes in the seasonality of extreme precipitation, and possible teleconnections between the seasonality of extreme precipitation and large‐scale climate patterns are not well understood. In this study, we investigated temporal changes in seasonality of annual daily maximum (ADM) and monthly maximum (MM) precipitation indices over the period 1951–2014 for 1,108 stations across the contiguous USA. We also examined seasonality of extreme precipitation during negative and positive phases of three major oscillations: the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Northern Atlantic Oscillation, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Our results show that many climate regions within the contiguous USA display distinct seasonality for both ADM and MM. Comparison of seasonality between two historical records of equal length, that is, before and after 1981, shows great spatial variability across the contiguous USA. While a spatial coherence of change in the mean date of occurrence of extreme precipitation across a large area is not visible, a cluster of stations showing decrease in strength of seasonality for the recent period is concentrated in the eastern Gulf Coast and coastal sites of Northeast and Northwest regions. Extreme precipitation seasonality during negative and positive phases of three climate indices revealed that large‐scale climate variabilities have a strong influence on the mean date of occurrence of extreme precipitation but generally weak influence on the strength of seasonality in the contiguous USA. Results from our study might be helpful for sustainable water resource management, flood risk mitigation, and prediction of future precipitation seasonality.
Let's Just See What Happens: A Qualitative Case Study of Risk and Uncertainty in the Creative Process
Authors: Ross Wendy , Groves Mike 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTResearch in creativity often measures creativepotential: the number of ideas which can be generated, or the way a novel thought appears in the mind of the thinker. There is much less emphasis on creative thought during the realization of this potential. This paper uses focused cognitive ethnography to explore how creativity is manifest in a complex environment. We report four main findings: that creativity involves a form of “knowing through doing,” that creativity requires risk on different levels, that an embodied material sensitivity is required to make ideas appear in the world and that the form of the creative product is often unstable. We end with some reflections on the importance of detailed microgenetic work to expand our understanding of the embodied and responsive skills which are necessary for creativity.
Epigenetic dysregulation of articular cartilage during progression of hip femoroacetabular impingement disease
Authors: Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Shen Jie , Wu May , Brophy Robert H. , Clohisy John C. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Pascual‐Garrido Cecilia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFemoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an important trigger of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Epigenetic changes in DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) attenuate catabolic gene expression in cartilage hemostasis. This study aimed to examine the articular chondrocyte catabolic state and DNMT3B and 4‐aminobutyrate aminotransferase promoter (ABAT) expression during OA progression in FAI. Cartilage samples were collected from the impingement zone of 12 patients with cam FAI (early‐FAI) and 12 patients with advanced OA secondary to cam FAI (late‐FAI‐OA). Five healthy samples were procured from cadavers (ND: nondiseased). Explants were cultured under unstimulated conditions, catabolic stimulus (IL1β), or anabolic stimulus (TGFβ). Histology was performed with safranin‐O/fast‐green staining. Gene expression was analyzed via qPCR for GAPDH, DNMT3B, ABAT, MMP‐13, COL10A1. Methylation specific PCR assessed methylation status at the ABAT promoter. Cartilage samples in early‐FAI and late‐FAI‐OA showed a histological OA phenotype and increased catabolic marker expression (MMP13/COL10A1, ND vs. early‐FAI, p = 0.004/p < 0.001, ND vs. late‐FAI‐OA, p < 0.001/p < 0.001). RT‐PCR confirmed DNMT3B underexpression (ND vs. early‐FAI, p < 0.001, early‐FAI vs. late‐FAI‐OA, p = 0.016) and ABAT overexpression (ND vs. early‐FAI, p < 0.001, early vs. late‐FAI‐OA, p = 0.035) with advanced disease. End‐stage disease showed ABAT promoter hypomethylation. IL1β stimulus accentuated ABAT promoter hypomethylation and led to further ABAT and catabolic marker overexpression in early‐FAI and late‐FAI‐OA while TGFβ normalized these alterations in gene expression. Catabolic and epigenetic molecule expression suggested less catabolism in early‐stage disease. Sustained inflammation induced ABAT promoter hypo‐methylation causing a catabolic phenotype. Suppression of ABAT by methylation control could be a new target for therapeutic intervention to prevent OA progression in hip FAI.
Evaluation and relationship analysis of pea protein on structure and heat‐induced gel performance of myofibrillar protein
Authors: Chen Huimin , Wu Jiulin , Chen Meizhen , Cai Xixi , Chen Xu , Wang Shaoyun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurimi products occupy a large market in the food industry, and the gel performance is an important index to evaluate them. Thus, it is of great significance and practical value to find better food ingredients to regulate the structure and gel performance of surimi products. In this study, we used pea protein (PP) to restructure fish myofibrillar proteins (MPs) to achieve regulation of protein gel performance.ResultsPP could enhance MP gel performance in terms of compressive strength, water‐holding capacity, and some texture parameters. This may be the result of an increasing β‐sheet content and a decreasing trend in the α‐helix content, along with enhancements in hydrophobic interactions, nonspecific associations, and ionic bonds in a mixed PP–MP gel. The compressive strength, texture, and water‐holding capacity of MP gel were positively correlated with surface hydrophobicity, active sulfhydryl, turbidity, and β‐sheet of the mixed PP–MP system.ConclusionThe findings suggest that PP can regulate the gel performance by remodeling the structure of MP. The regulation and correlation analysis between gel performance, structure, and physicochemical properties were explored and established to provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of surimi products. This study will broaden the application of PP in the field of food processing and provide theoretical guidance for the manufacture of new surimi products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparative analysis of allergenicity and predicted linear epitopes in α and β parvalbumin from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Huang Yuhao , Li Zhenxing , Wu Yeting , Li Yonghong , Pramod Siddanakoppalu , Chen Guanzhi , Zhu Wenjia , Zhang Ziye , Wang Hao , Lin Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDParvalbumin (PV) can be subdivided into two phylogenetic lineages, αPV and βPV. The bony fish βPV is considered a major fish allergen. However, there is no available report on the immunological property and epitope mapping of bony fish αPV.RESULTSTo characterize the allergenic property of bony fish αPV and investigate the difference in allergenic property of bony fish αPV and βPV, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) αPV and βPV were identified by mass spectrometry and were expressed in Escherichia coli system in this study. Spectra analysis and three‐dimensional (3D) modeling showed the similar structure between αPV and βPV. However, αPV exhibited lower immunoglobulin E/immunoglobulin G (IgE/IgG) binding capacity than βPV. Three identified βPV epitopes possessed higher IgE reactivity and more hydrophobic residues than three identified αPV epitopes. In addition, less similarity in sequence homology of αPV epitopes was observed with allergen sequences in database.CONCLUSIONThese finding expanded information on fish PV epitopes and substantiated the difference in allergenicity and epitope mapping between fish αPV and βPV, which will improve the epitope‐based detection tools of PV and diagnostic of PV induced fish allergy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.