bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering microstructure and composition susceptibility of high permittivity ceramic granules to plasma‐induced arc breakdown
Authors: Grey John K. , Yang Pin , Dickens Sara M. , Rodriguez Mark A. , Vreeland David E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffective diversion of surge currents is vital to prevent unwanted damage to sensitive electronics. Among the most successful and efficient strategies relies on a dielectric stimulated arc breakdown mechanism with high permittivity ceramic granules in a spark‐gap geometry. Although generally regarded as a self‐healing process, substantial energy deposition may occur that, over time, diminishes the ability to withstand repeated electrical assaults. We investigate the susceptibility of lead–magnesium–niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT) granule microstructure and composition changes following many exposures to high voltage impulses resulting in arc breakdown. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy mapping reveal a broad range of thermal and mechanical defects entailing thermal reduction of constituent PMN–PT metal ions and recasting due to rapid eruption of volatile species. Additionally, evidence of local melting and microcracking are apparent that can have deleterious impact on the proper function of the granules, namely, the ability to concentrate electric fields across air gaps to establish and sustain discharge pathways. We propose that the localized nature of damage and stochasticity associated with the dielectric stimulated breakdown mechanism may allow granules to maintain functionality provided no permanent conduction paths are established.
Low‐temperature synthesis one‐dimensional Ag2CO3/SnFe2O4Z‐scheme with excellent visible‐light photoactivity
Authors: Su Xiaoli , Wang Aihui , Xu Linyuan , Zhang Wei , Guo Fumin , Zhang Dafeng , Pu Xipeng , Cai Peiqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, Ag2CO3/SnFe2O4 (Ag2CO3/SFO) photocatalyst was prepared by a simple hydrothermal‐ultrasonic method for the efficient degradation of ciprofloxacin and phenol. The SFO nanoparticles were attached on the surface of Ag2CO3 rods synthesized by a low‐temperature precipitation method, resulting a unique 1D/0D morphology, which increased the number of active sites. Due to introduction of magnetic SFO, Ag2CO3/SFO exhibited excellent magnetic recovery performance. When the mass fraction of SFO was 5%, the degradation efficiency of composite photocatalyst was the highest, the degradation rate for ciprofloxacin was 6.5 and 1.5 times higher than pure SFO and Ag2CO3, respectively. The improved photoactivity of Ag2CO3/SFO should be attributed to the construction of heterojunction with tight interface, which boosts the separation and transfer of photoinduced electron and hole pairs. On the basis of experimental results, a possible Z‐scheme photocatalytic mechanism was discussed. Additionally, the excellent photostability of Ag2CO3/SFO was proved by a cycle experiment.
Electrocardiogram abnormalities and renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A healthcare facilities‐based cross‐sectional study in Dang district of Nepal
Authors: Khanal Mahesh Kumar , Bhandari Pratiksha , Dhungana Raja Ram , Gurung Yadav , Rawal Lal B. , Pandey Gyanendra , Bhandari Madan , Bhuiyan Rijwan , Devkota Surya , de Courten Maximilian , de Courten Barbora 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe global burden of diabetes mellitus is rising substantially, with a further increase in cardiovascular and kidney disease burden. These public health problems are highly prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries, including Nepal. However, there is limited evidence on cardiac and renal conditions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We determined the status of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities and renal impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nepal.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study in Tulsipur Sub‐Metropolitan City of Nepal using a multistage stratified sampling technique to recruit patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We used World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance (WHO STEPS) questionnaires and carried out resting ECG to collect data of 345 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analysis assessed the factors associated with ECG abnormalities and renal impairment.ResultsThe study showed that 6.1% of participants had major ECG abnormalities (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8–8.6%), which were associated with hypertension (P = 0.01%) and low socioeconomic status (P = 0.01). The proportion of major and/or minor ECG abnormalities was 47.8% (95% CI 40.5–51%), and were significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07), higher education (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.31–9.33), unemployment (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.08–8.48), body mass index (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17) and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus >5 years (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.19–4.93). The proportion of renal impairment was 3.5% (95% CI 1.5–4.5%) which was associated with older age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.17) and hypertension (OR 12.12, 95% CI 1.07–138.22).ConclusionA significant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had ECG abnormalities and renal impairment, which were significantly associated with hypertension. Therefore, hypertension management and early screening are essential to prevent future cardiorenal complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Sleep duration and food intake in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and factors affecting confectionery intake
Authors: Akiyama Tomoaki , Yamakawa Tadashi , Orime Kazuki , Suzuki Jun , Sakamoto Rika , Matsuura‐Shinoda Minori , Shigematsu Erina , Takahashi Kenichiro , Kaneshiro Mizuki , Asakura Taro , Tanaka Shunichi , Kawata Takehiro , Yamada Yoshihiko , Isozaki Tetsuo , Takahashi Atsushi , Osada Uru Nezu , Kadonosono Kazuaki , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionWe carried out a cross‐sectional study of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus to elucidate the association between sleep duration and food intake.Materials and MethodsOverall, 2,887 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean age 63.0 years; 61.1% men; mean glycated hemoglobin level 7.5%) were included in this study. The participants' self‐reported dietary habits and sleep duration were evaluated using a brief self‐administered dietary history questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. The participants were categorized into the following four groups based on sleep duration: <6, 6–6.9, 7–7.9 (reference) and ≥8 h.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the groups regarding energy intake (kcal/day), absolute intake (g/day) or relative intake (% energy) of carbohydrates, total fat, proteins and fibers. However, confectionery intake was higher in the <6 h group and lower in the ≥8 h group than in the reference group after adjustment for confounding factors. In multivariate analysis, sleep durations <6 h and ≥8 h significantly correlated with increased (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 3.6; P = 0.0078) and decreased (95% confidence interval −4.0 to −0.32; P = 0.021) confectionery intake, respectively. Confectionery intake was positively correlated with female sex, glycated hemoglobin level and dyslipidemia, whereas it was negatively correlated with alcohol consumption and current smoking status.ConclusionsShort sleep duration is associated with high confectionery intake in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus; this might disturb their glycemic control. Therefore, short sleepers with type 2 diabetes mellitus could improve their glycemic control by avoiding confectionery intake and maintaining adequate sleep duration.
Recognizing and addressing how gender shapes young people's experiences of image‐based sexual harassment and abuse in educational settings
Authors: Ringrose Jessica , Regehr Kaitlyn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper explores findings from a study with 150 young people (aged 12‐21) across England, which employed qualitative focus groups and arts‐based methods to investigate young people's experiences of digital image‐sharing practices. In this paper, we explore how gendered pressures to send nudes experienced by girls is a form of Image‐Based Sexual Harassment (IBSH) and how pressures upon boys to secure nudes and prove they have them by sharing them non‐consensually is Image‐Based Sexual Abuse (IBSA). In addition, we argue boys’ sending nudes (dick pics) non‐consensually is a form of image based sexual harassment, which can be compounded by harassment of girls to send nudes back. We look at the gendered nature of combined practices of Image‐Based Sexual Harassment and Abuse (IBSHA) and how sexual double standards create sexual shaming and victim blaming for girls who experience IBSHA. We also explore young people's perspectives on their digital sex and relationship education and their suggestions for improvement. We conclude by arguing that schooling policies and practices would benefit from adopting the conceptual framework of IBSHA. We suggest this would be a good first step in better supporting young people in managing and negotiating digital gendered and sexualized consent, harms, and risks.
Comparison of axillary and inguinal temperature with rectal temperature in dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Zakari F. O. , Omontese B. O. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to determine the agreement between rectal, axillary and inguinal temperatures and to estimate the accuracy of these measurements in detecting hyperthermia and hypothermia in dogs presented at a veterinary teaching hospital in the tropical Guinea Savannah zone.Materials and MethodsProspectively, body temperature was measured in 610 dogs, using digital thermometry in the axillary, inguinal and rectal regions.ResultsOverall, axillary and inguinal temperatures significantly underestimated rectal temperature, with a mean difference of −0.39 ± 0.02°C (95% confidence interval: −0.43 to −0.35; limit of agreement: −1.27 to 0.49) and − 0.34 ± 0.02°C (95% confidence interval, −0.37 to −0.30; limit of agreement: −1.15 to 0.47), respectively. The limits of agreement of axillary and inguinal temperatures were wide and above the pre‐determined maximal acceptable difference of ±0.50°C recommended for clinical significance of rectal temperature in dogs. Bland–Altman plots showed that the confidence intervals of the mean differences of axillary and inguinal temperatures did not include the value zero, thereby indicating that the tested methods lack agreement with rectal temperature. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of hyperthermia with axillary temperature were 72.1% and 30.5%, respectively. In contrast, sensitivity and specificity for the detection of hyperthermia with inguinal temperature were 77.9% and 26.2%, respectively. The magnitude of disagreement between axillary, inguinal and rectal temperatures was affected by age, breed and sex being slightly lower in mature, non‐native breed and female dogs.Clinical SignificanceAxillary and inguinal temperature measurements in dogs significantly underestimated rectal temperature measurements by −0.39 ± 0.02°C and −0.34 ± 0.02°C, respectively. The results indicate that axillary and inguinal temperatures should not be used as a replacement for rectal temperature due to the wide limits of agreement. In addition, axillary and inguinal temperatures may not be suitable in detecting hyperthermia because the sensitivity were lower than the required set‐point of 90.0% for clinical identification of hyperthermia.
Swapping Gender Traditionalism: Christianity, Buddhism, and Gender Ideology in South Korea
Authors: JEON NANUM 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSouth Korea provides an ideal setting for studying religion and gender because Western and local religions are both prominent, and Confucianist beliefs still shape gender norms. Using the 2018 Korean General Social Survey, this study examines the extent to which two dimensions of gender traditionalism in South Korea–Confucian patriarchal ideology (i.e., belief in the subordination of women for Confucian patriarchy) and separate spheres ideology (i.e., belief that men are better suited to work and women to domestic responsibilities)—vary across Buddhists, Catholics, Protestants, and the nonaffiliated. The findings show that Christians have the lowest endorsement for Confucian patriarchal ideology while supporting separate spheres ideology as much as Buddhists, who are most gender traditional in both dimensions. The results illustrate the dynamics between religion and gender norms in South Korea's context, demonstrating how Christianity combines Western modernization with gender‐essentialist traditionalism, while Buddhism maintains Confucian patriarchal values.
Assessment of heavy metal and organic pollution of a salmonid ecosystem: Case of the Oued Guigou River, Middle Atlas (Morocco)
Authors: Zerkani Saida , Abba El Hassan , Hachi Touria , Zine Nasser‐Eddine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study focused on evaluating the quality of the Oued Guigou River located in Middle Atlas (Morocco) by studying relevant physicochemical and metallic parameters. Samples for determining the organic matter and trace metal elements trapped in water samples were collected at upstream of Oued Guigou between December 2020 and April 2021. The samples were analysed for physicochemical quality, while the trace metal elements (lead, zinc, copper, chromium, iron, nickel, calcium and magnesium) were determined using ICP‐AES analysis. The results indicated significant organic pollution, as well as standard deviation and average changes in the values of the studied metals, most likely attributable to domestic effluents. The metal content in particular exhibited high values exceeding the recommended Moroccan standard limits, suggesting domestic and agricultural pollution is a potential threat to both the receiving rivers and their associated lakes and reservoirs.
Re‐examining the relationship between moral distress and moral agency in nursing
Authors: Morley Georgina , Sankary Lauren R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the phenomenon of moral distress has been critically examined—and for a good reason. There have been a number of different definitions suggested, some that claimed to be consistent with the original definition but in fact referred to different epistemological states. In this paper, we re‐examine moral distress by exploring its relationship with moral agency. We critically examine three conceptions of moral agency and argue that two of these conceptions risk placing nurses' values at the center of moral action when it ought to be the patient's values that shape nurses' obligations. We propose that the conception of moral agency advanced by Aimee Milliken which re‐centers patient values, should be more broadly accepted within nursing. We utilize a case example to demonstrate a situation in which the values of a patient's parents (surrogates) justifiably constrained nurses' moral agency, creating moral distress. Through an examination of constraints on nurse agency in this case, we illustrate the problematic nature of ‘narrow' moral distress and the value of re‐considering moral distress. Finally, we provide an action‐oriented proposal identifying mediating steps that we argue have utility for nurses (and other healthcare professionals) to mediate between experiences of narrow moral distress and the exercise of moral agency.
The impact of psychosocial training on staff attitudes towards people living with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: McKenna Megan , Brown Laura JE , Muller Claire , Vikram Anvita , Berry Katherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs the prevalence of dementia increases, the need for appropriately trained and skilled care teams also increases. Staff attitudes towards people living with dementia have a significant impact on caregiving behaviours and staff and resident outcomes. Training within care settings is a potential way of improving staff attitudes towards residents in their care.ObjectivesThis review aimed to (i) assess the effectiveness of psychosocial training in improving care staff attitudes towards dementia; and (ii) examine the content and focus of training.MethodThe review was conducted following PRISMA guidance and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO prior to conducting the review. A comprehensive search of peer‐reviewed literature was undertaken using CINAHL, Medline and PsycINFO from inception to March 2021. All papers were evaluated using a quality appraisal tool.ResultsTen studies met inclusion criteria and were of variable quality. However, six studies found significant improvements in staff attitudes towards dementia following staff training. The studies varied in terms of training focus and included behavioural, communication and cognitive‐based approaches.ConclusionsStaff training could be an effective method of improving staff attitudes towards dementia in care settings. Further research adopting high‐quality randomised controlled designs to further explore staff attitudes following psychosocial training would make a valuable contribution to the literature base.
A large single‐center experience in management of pediatric intussusception
Authors: Elzeneini Wael M. A. , Cusick Eleri 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to present the results of a comprehensive single‐center study of the management and outcome of intussusception over a 10‐year period and to review the recent literature.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out of all children less than 16 years old, admitted with intussusception to our tertiary center between January 2007 and December 2016. Air enema was attempted routinely, with primary surgery reserved for selected cases. If air enema failed, open surgery was performed. The data collected included age, enema reduction rate, need for laparotomy, detail of bowel resection, hospital stay, and complications noted.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐one children presented with intussusception, totaling 200 admissions. One hundred and seventy‐four patients (87%) underwent air enema. There was a complete reduction in 66% of these cases and a perforation rate of 1.1%. Twenty‐six patients (13%) underwent primary surgery. Of the 59 patients with incomplete enema reduction, 50.8% required bowel resection while 49.2% required only manual reduction. Bowel resection was necessitated in 26% of total admissions and 61.2% of those requiring surgery. Hospital stays ranged from 3–97 days (median 7 days). There were four complications (2%).ConclusionThis comprehensive study reveals a higher rate of surgical intervention and bowel resection than was anticipated from selective series in published literature. Institutional variation in outcome is likely multifactorial but incomplete data make comparisons difficult.
Association between fetal echogenic and/or dilated bowel and adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Al Jobeer Haifa , Al Dossari Maha , Babic Inas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEchogenic and/or dilated bowel is uncommonly encountered on prenatal ultrasound and may represent either a panel of differential diagnoses or a transient normal variant with excellent outcome. Prenatal differentiation between the two entities remains uncertain. Here, we aimed to review prenatal cases associated with echogenic and/or dilated bowel and analyze their prospective perinatal outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study, carried out at a single center. All relevant data was retrieved from the hospital electronic records. Bowel echogenicity is defined as grade 0–3, in relation to the surrounding liver or bone echogenicity. Bowel dilatation is defined as the largest diameter >7 mm with the length >15 mm.ResultsOut of 59 cases with prenatal echogenic and or dilated bowel, 32 cases were analyzed, and 10/32 (31%) neonates among all categories showed intestine related pathologies that required postnatal care. Two out of 19 (11%) cases with echogenic bowel and one out of three (34%) cases with bowel dilatation revealed structural abnormality that required postnatal surgery. All cases were in stable conditions upon discharge from the hospital. There were no cases of perinatal death associated with bowel abnormalities.ConclusionEchogenic bowel in isolation carries a low risk for structural bowel anomalies that require surgery. Dilated bowel represents an increased risk for intestinal obstruction. Combination of two ultrasonographic features, echogenicity and dilatation of the intestine should be considered as a suspicious sign of a genetic syndrome which may alter bowel function but may not require surgery.
Variations in ERP data quality across paradigms, participants, and scoring procedures
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Luck Steven J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough it is widely accepted that data quality for event‐related potential (ERP) components varies considerably across studies and across participants within a study, ERP data quality has not received much systematic analysis. The present study used a recently developed metric of ERP data quality— the standardized measurement error (SME)—to examine how data quality varies across different ERP paradigms, across individual participants, and across different procedures for quantifying amplitude and latency values. The EEG recordings were taken from the ERP CORE, which includes data from 40 neurotypical college students for seven widely studied ERP components: P3b, N170, mismatch negativity, N400, error‐related negativity, N2pc, and lateralized readiness potential. Large differences in data quality were observed across the different ERP components, and very large differences in data quality were observed across participants. Data quality also varied depending on the algorithm used to quantify the amplitude and especially the latency of a given ERP component. These results provide an initial set of benchmark values that can be used for comparison with previous and future ERP studies. They also provide useful information for predicting effect sizes and statistical power in future studies, even with different numbers of trials. More broadly, this study provides a general approach that could be used to determine which specific experimental designs, data collection procedures, and data processing algorithms lead to the best data quality.
GnRH agonists: Updating fixed‐time artificial insemination protocols in sows
Authors: Falceto María Victoria , Suárez‐Usbeck Andrés , Tejedor María Teresa , Ausejo Raquel , Garrido Ana María , Mitjana Olga 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtocols for fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI) in swine reproduction can help increase genetic improvement and production efficiency. Different gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have been developed to gain better control of follicular development, timing, and ovulation quality; therefore, they have been extensively used in FTAI protocols. This literature review resumes the most important characteristics of the physiology of follicular development and ovulation in sows, followed by a discussion about the hormonal alternatives available to induce ovulation (human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG; porcine luteinizing hormone, LH and GnRH agonists). Also, ovulation induction failures with GnRH agonists are described. Finally, current FTAI protocols with GnRH agonists are resumed and discussed. FTAI with GnRH agonists has proven to be an efficient, successful reproductive protocol that can be implemented in pig farms due to better knowledge of an endocrine system that regulates follicular development and ovulation and increased availability of several GnRH agonists that allow more efficient reproductive swine programs.