bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Contact During a Rolling Vibratory Motion Considering Mixed Lubrication
Authors: Jackson Robert L. , Angadi Santosh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In many devices and applications, electrical contacts are exposed to vibrations, sliding, or rolling conditions and are prone to fretting-based degradation. Thus, lubricants are often employed in such contacts to reduce sliding wear and fretting corrosion. However, due to the non-conductive behavior of the lubricants with fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons, lubricants lead to a few adverse problems. Also, the fluid dynamics upon excitation, vibration, or sliding causes extended breaks or gaps in between the conducting surfaces. In reality, this can be noticed during vibrations occurring as a result of earthquakes or technical personnel maintenance. This could also have applications to electrified rolling element bearings. Factors such as surface roughness and fluid viscosity will determine the time taken for the two surfaces of the connectors to separate from a solid conductive contact. In this work, a coupled structural–fluid theoretical model is developed for evaluating such intermittent contact breaks/gaps when two metallic rough surfaces in contact are under vibrations. The model is capable of predicting the increase in the fluid film as well as the contact resistance change with time due to the possible connector vibration. The experimentally observed rocking vibration mode seen in connectors and the time-dependent squeeze film lubrication effect are also considered.
Multi-objective optimization of three-stage running-in process for main bearing of marine diesel engine
Authors: Zhou Yuankai , Wang Zhiyong , Zuo Xue 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Running-in quality can be improved by optimizing the running-in parameters (load, speed and running-in time). The relationship between running-in quality and the fractal dimensions of friction signal and wear surface is analyzed. It shows that the larger the fractal dimension, the better the running-in quality. A multi-objective optimization design of the running-in parameters of the main bearing is carried out, using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy. The optimization targets are the large fractal dimension of friction coefficient, the large fractal dimension of wear surface, and small running-in time. It shows that the selection principles of running-in parameters are different for different stages and priorities. The optimal running-in parameters listed in this paper provides a specific reference to the optimal design of the three-stage running in of main bearing.
A 2R1T Redundantly Actuated Parallel Manipulator With an Offset Moving Platform and Fixed Linear Actuators
Authors: Lin Ziying , Xu Lingmin , Ding Ye , Zhu Xiangyang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Redundantly actuated parallel manipulators with two rotations and one translation (2R1T RAPMs) have the potential for machining complex surfaces, where a large orientation workspace and high stiffness are required. Considering the advantages of an offset moving platform, such as an enlarged orientation workspace and improved stiffness, a novel 2R1T (2PRR)R-PRS-PSS RAPM with an offset moving platform is proposed in this paper, called M2. Compared with the existing 2R1T RAPM with an offset moving platform, the main advantage of the proposed RAPM is that the heavy motors of four limbs are mounted on the base to reduce the movable mass and improve dynamic response. The kinematical analysis is investigated, including mobility, inverse, forward kinematics, and singularity analysis. Meanwhile, comprehensive evaluations of the properties of the offset moving platform and actuation redundancy are carried out. Compared with M2 RAPM’s form without an offset in moving platform, i.e., no auxiliary platform, and M2 RAPM’s nonredundantly actuated form, the proposed M2 RAPM can achieve a larger orientation workspace and higher stiffness. Particularly, the maximum stiffness of the proposed M2 is 68.8% larger than its form without an auxiliary platform. Finally, the dimensional parameters of the proposed M2 are optimized to obtain an improved satisfactory workspace.
Quality of life measures in dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus are comparable to patients with non-dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus and do not improve after endoscopic therapy
Authors: Ratcliffe Elizabeth , Britton James , Heal Calvin , Keld Richard , Murgatroyd Mark , Willert Robert , McLaughlin John , Hamdy Shaheen , Ang Yeng 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveBarrett’s oesophagus (BO) is a precursor lesion, via dysplastic phases, to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Although overall risk from BO is low, it has been shown to adversely affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim was to compare dysplastic BO patients’ HRQOL pre-endoscopic therapy (pre-ET) and post-ET. The pre-ET BO group was also compared with other cohorts: non-dysplastic BO (NDBO), those with colonic polyps, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and healthy volunteers.DesignParticipants in the pre-ET cohort were recruited prior to their endotherapy and HRQOL questionnaires provided pre-ET and post-ET. Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the pre-ET and post-ET findings. The Pre-ET group was compared to the other cohorts’ HRQOL results using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsPre-ET group of 69 participants returned the questionnaires prior to and 42 post-ET. Both the pre-ET and post-ET group showed similar levels of cancer worry, despite the treatment. No statistical significance was found for symptoms scores, anxiety and depression or general health measures with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Score. Education for the BO patients was overall lacking with many of the pre-ET group still reporting unanswered questions about their disease.The Pre-ET group was compared with NDBO group (N=379), GORD (N=132), colonic polyp patients (N=152) and healthy volunteers (N=48). Cancer worry was similar between the NDBO group and the Pre-ET group, despite their lower risk of progression. GORD patients had worse symptom scores from a reflux and heartburn perspective. Only the healthy group has significantly better scores in the SF-36 and improved hospital anxiety and depression scores.ConclusionThese findings suggest that there is a need to improve HRQOL for patients with BO. This should include improved education and devising-specific patient-reported outcome measures for BO to capture relevant areas of HRQOL in future studies.
Vaccine intention and hesitancy among Australian women who are currently pregnant or have recently given birth: the Birth in the Time of COVID-19 (BITTOC) national online survey
Authors: Dahlen Hannah G , Homer Caroline , Boyle Jacqueline , Lequertier Belinda , Kildea Sue , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination, and factors associated with vaccination intention and hesitancy in pregnant and postnatal women in Australia.Design and settingA national online survey was conducted over 6 months between 31 August 2021 and 1 March 2022 and responses to vaccination status were categorised as: ‘vaccinated’, ‘vaccine intended’ and ‘vaccine hesitant’. The data were weighted to reflect the proportion of women of reproductive age. Potential confounding variables were examined using multinomial logistic regression analyses, and all comparisons were made against vaccinated pregnant and postnatal women.Participants2140 women responded to the survey (838 pregnant; 1302 recently post partum).ResultsAmongst pregnant women, 586 (69.9%) were vaccinated, 166 (19.8%) indicated intention and 86 (10.3%) were hesitant. In postnatal women, this was 1060 (81.4%), 143 (11.0%) and 99 (7.6%), respectively. Only 52 (6.2%) of pregnant women stated never wanting a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine hesitancy increased over time, and for pregnant women was associated with: living in a state other than New South Wales (NSW) (Adjusted Relative Risk (ARR) 2.77, 95%CI: 1.68-4.56 for vaccine intention and ARR=3.31, 95%CI: 1.52-7.20 for vaccine hesitancy), younger age <30 years, not having a university education, income <80K AUD, gestation <28 weeks, having no pregnancy risk factors, and being less satisfied with life (ARR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.04-4.65 for vaccine intention and ARR=2.53, 95%CI: 1.02-6.25 for vaccine hesitancy) . For postnatal women: living in a state other than NSW or Victoria, income <80K AUD and having private obstetric care (ARR=2.06, 95%CI: 1.23-3.46) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy.ConclusionsAround 1 in 10 pregnant women and just over 1 in 13 postnatal women reported vaccine hesitancy in this Australian survey, and hesitancy was higher in the latter 3-month period. Tailored messages to younger mothers and those from lower-middle socioeconomic groups, alongside advice from midwives and obstetricians, could help to reduce hesitancy among pregnant and postnatal women. Financial incentives may help to facilitate COVID-19 vaccine uptake. A real-time surveillance system and additional pregnancy fields added to the Australian immunisation register would support the safety monitoring of multiple vaccines in pregnancy and may build confidence.
Sustainable Development Goal indicator for measuring availability and affordability of medicines for children: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Joosse Iris R , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K , Suleman Fatima , van den Ham Hendrika A 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo complement Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 3.b.3 that monitors access to medicines for all, a corresponding child-specific methodology was developed tailored to the health needs of children. This methodology could aid countries in monitoring accessibility to paediatric medicines in a validated manner and on a longitudinal basis. We aimed to provide proof of concept of this adapted methodology by applying the method to historical datasets.MethodA core set of child-appropriate medicines was selected for two groups of children: children aged 1–59 months and children aged 5–12 years. To enable calculation of affordability of medicines for children, thenumber of units needed for treatmentwas created, incorporating the recommended dosage and duration of treatment for the specific age group. The adapted methodology was applied to health facility survey data from Burundi (2013), China (2012) and Haiti (2011) for one age group. SDG indicator 3.b.3 scores and (mean) individual facility scores were calculated per country and sector.ResultsWe were able to calculate SDG indicator 3.b.3 based on historical data from Burundi, China and Haiti with the adapted methodology. In this case study, all individual facilities failed to reach the 80% benchmark of accessible medicines, resulting in SDG indicator 3.b.3 scores of 0% for all 3 countries. Mean facility scores ranged from 22.2% in Haiti to 40.3% in Burundi for lowest-price generic medicines. Mean facility scores for originator brands were 0%, 16.5% and 9.9% for Burundi, China and Haiti, respectively. The low scores seemed to stem from the low availability of medicines.ConclusionThe child-specific methodology was successfully applied to historical data from Burundi, China and Haiti, providing proof of concept of this methodology. The proposed validation steps and sensitivity analyses will help determine its robustness and could lead to further improvements.
Suffering out of sight but not out of mind – interpreting experiences of sick leave due to chronic pain in a community setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Lundin Åse , Ekman Inger , Wallström Sara , Andréll Paulin , Lundberg Mari 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveChronic pain is a complex health problem affecting about one-fifth of the European population. It is a leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, with serious personal, relational and socioeconomic consequences. Chronic pain and sick leave adversely affect health and quality of life. Thus, understanding this phenomenon is essential for reducing suffering, understanding the need for support and promoting a rapid return to work and an active lifestyle. This study aimed to describe and interpret persons’ experiences of being on sick leave due to chronic pain.DesignA qualitative study with semistructured interviews analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach.SettingParticipants were recruited from a community setting in Sweden.ParticipantsFourteen participants (12 women) with experiences of part-time or full-time sick leave from work due to chronic pain were included in the study.ResultsSuffering out of sight but not out of mind was the main theme of the qualitative analysis. This theme implies that the participants’ constant suffering was invisible to others, causing them to feel they were not being justly treated in society. Feeling overlooked led to a continuous struggle for recognition. Moreover, the participants’ identities and their trust in themselves and their bodies were challenged. However, our study also revealed a nuanced understanding of the experiences of sick leave as a consequence of chronic pain, where the participants learnt important lessons, including coping strategies and re-evaluated priorities.ConclusionsBeing on sick leave due to chronic pain threatens a person’s integrity and leads to substantial suffering. An enhanced understanding of the meaning of sick leave due to chronic pain provides important considerations for their care and support. This study highlights the importance of feeling acknowledged and being met with justice in encounters with others.
Consumption frequencies of beverages and the hypertension risk in adults: a cohort study in China
Authors: Wang Caihua , Sun Jiaru , Hui Zhaozhao , Ren Xiaohan , Lei Shuangyan , Han Wenjin , Wang Xiaoqin , Wang Ming-Xu 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the associations between the consumption frequencies of alcohol, tea and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and the hypertension risk among Chinese adults.DesignA longitudinal study of the effect of beverage consumption on hypertension risk.SettingNine provinces in China, including Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong and Henan.ParticipantsThe longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 2004 to 2015 were used. A total of 4427 participants from 9 provinces were included at baseline.OutcomeFirst incidence of hypertension.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1478 participants developed hypertension. Alcohol consumption more than twice a week in young men (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.18) or middle-aged men (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.87) was associated with a higher hypertension risk. Middle-aged women who consumed tea frequently (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.97), or young women who consumed SSBs less than once a week (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.67) had a lower risk of hypertension.ConclusionsHigh-frequency alcohol consumption increased the risk of hypertension in men, and frequent tea consumption and low-frequency SSBs consumption were associated with lower risk of hypertension in women. Consumption frequency of beverages was also suggested to be considered in the prevention and control of hypertension.
Multidisciplinary simulation of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity improves diagnostic and treatment skills and self-confidence for pain clinic procedural staff
Authors: Ackerman Robert , Riley Matthew , Anwar Muhammad A Farooq , Mitchell Duran , Vorenkamp Kevin , Udani Ankeet , Yi Peter 
Published: April 2023

Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare complication after outpatient interventional pain procedures, which can present as an emergent and life-threatening condition. Proficiency and confidence in managing this rare situation necessitates strategies to ensure team members can perform necessary tasks. The primary objective was to familiarse the pain clinic procedural staff—physicians, nurses, medical assistants, and radiation technologists—with concise and current instruction and an opportunity to practice in a controlled environment. A two-part series was designed and led by the pain physicians, with the assistance of the simulation centre and clinic staff. A 20 min didactic session was held to familiarise the providers with relevant details and information regarding LAST. Then, 2 weeks later, all team members participated in a simulation exercise intended to portray a LAST encounter, tasking participants to recognise and manage the condition in a team-based model. Before and after the didactic and simulation sessions, the staff was administered a questionnaire to assess knowledge of LAST signs, symptoms, management strategies, and priorities. Respondents were better able to identify signs and symptoms of toxicity and prioritise management steps, and felt more confident in recognising symptoms, starting treatment and coordinating care. Furthermore, participants emphasised the positive of debriefing, practicing a rare situation and learning strategies for effective communication, team dynamics and role clarity.FormatSmall group didactic session, simulation exercise in a clinical simulation lab.Target audienceAttending, fellow, and resident physicians, medical students, registered nurses, certified medical assistants, and radiation technologists working in a pain clinic procedure suite.ObjectivesTo acquaint the pain clinic procedural staff with current training related to LAST and an opportunity to practice in a controlled environment.
Effects of training adaption in endurance athletes with atrial fibrillation: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Apelland Turid , Janssens Kristel , Loennechen Jan Pål , Claessen Guido , Sørensen Eivind , Mitchell Amy , Sellevold Andreas Berg , Enger Steve , Onarheim Sophia , Letnes Jon Magne , Miljoen Hielko , Tveit Arnljot , La Gerche André , Myrstad Marius 
Published: April 2023

Endurance athletes have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), probably caused by exercise-induced cardiac remodelling. Athletes diagnosed with AF are often advised to reduce the intensity and amount of training but the efficacy of this intervention has not been investigated in endurance athletes with AF.Effects of detraining in endurance athletes with atrial fibrillationis a two-arm international multicentre randomised (1:1) controlled trial on the effects of a period of training adaption on AF burden in endurance athletes with paroxysmal AF.One-hundred-and-twenty endurance athletes diagnosed with paroxysmal AF are randomised to a 16-week period of intervention (training adaption) or a control group. We define training adaption as training with a heart rate (HR) not exceeding 75% of the individual maximum HR (HRmax), and total duration of weekly training not exceeding 80% of the self-reported average before the study. The control group is instructed to uphold training intensity including sessions with HR ≥85% of HRmax. AF burden is monitored with insertable cardiac monitors, and training intensity with HR chest-straps and connected sports watches. The primary endpoint, AF burden, will be calculated as the cumulative duration of all AF episodes lasting ≥30sec divided by total duration of monitoring. Secondary endpoints include number of AF episodes, adherence to training adaption, exercise capacity, AF symptoms and health-related quality of life, echocardiographic signs of cardiac remodelling and risk of cardiac arrhythmias related to upholding training intensity.Trial registration numberNCT04991337.Study protocol version4.7 (Date 9 March 2023).
Lupus pathogenesis and autoimmunity are exacerbated by high fat diet-induced obesity in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Zhang Xin , Meng Juan , Shi Xuhua , Quinet Robert James , Davis William , Zakem Jerald , Keshavamurthy Chandana , Patel Ronak , Lobo Gitanjali , Hellmers Linh , Ray Alicia Nicole , Rivers Laura E , Ali Hiba , Posas-Mendoza Therese , Hille Chad , You Zongbing 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveSLE is an autoimmune disease characterised by persistent inflammation and autoantibody production. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as a high-fat diet (HFD) may contribute to lupus development. However, the immune cell profile and gender difference in response to HFD in lupus have not been reported. Here we investigated the impact of HFD on lupus pathogenesis and autoimmunity using lupus-prone mice.MethodsThirty male and 30 female MRL/lymphoproliferation (lpr) mice were fed with regular diet (RD) or HFD. Body weights were recorded weekly. SLE progression was monitored by skin lesion, urine protein, titres of antidouble-strand DNA (dsDNA) and ANA. At week 14, kidney and skin tissue sections were stained with H&E and periodic acid–Schiff to detect histological kidney index and skin score. Splenocytes were identified by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.ResultsHFD significantly increased body weight and lipid levels compared with RD (p<0.01). Skin lesions were observed in 55.6% of the HFD group compared with 11.1% of the RD group, with greater histopathological skin scores in the female HFD group (p<0.01). Although both male and female mice had higher serum IgG in the HFD group than in the RD group, only the male HFD group showed an increased trend in anti-dsDNA Ab and ANA titres. Kidney pathological changes in the HFD group were more severe in male mice than in female mice (p<0.05), detected by proteinuria, kidney index and glomerular cell proliferation. Significant increases of germinal centre B cells and T follicular helper cells were observed in the spleens of HFD mice (p<0.05).ConclusionHFD induced an accelerated and exacerbated lupus development and autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice. Our results parallel many known clinical lupus phenotypes and sexual dimorphism in which male patients are likelier to have a severe disease (nephritis) than female lupus patients who may have a broader range of lupus symptoms.
A new constraint on the Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes in the radiation-dominated era
Authors: Tabasi Seyed Sajad , Firouzjaee Javad T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the evaporation and accretion of primordial black holes (PBHs) during cosmic history and compare them to see if both of these processes are constantly active for PBHs or not. Our calculations indicate that during the radiation-dominated era, PBHs absorb ambient radiation due to accretion, and their apparent horizon grows rapidly. This growth causes the Hawking radiation process to practically fail and all the particles that escape as radiation from PBHs to fall back into them. Nevertheless, our emphasis is that the accretion efficiency factor also plays a very important role here and its exact determination is essential. We have shown that the lower mass limit for PBHs that have not yet evaporated should approximately be $$10^{14}g$$

10
14

g

rather than $$10^{15}g$$

10
15

g

. Finally, we study the effects of Hawking radiation quiescence in cosmology and reject models based on the evaporation of PBHs in the radiation-dominated era.