bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving process safety culture through developing and maintaining the sense of vulnerability at all levels in the organization
Authors: Subbarao N. V. , Senthilraja M. , Sangeetha B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn Chola MS Risk Services, we differentiate between safety culture and process safety culture to improve the sense of vulnerability toward anticipating incidents with high severity, called process incidents. Culture is termed how employees are following safety even when no one is watching. In building a risk‐conscious organization, the attribute of maintaining a sense of vulnerability plays a major role. This article will share the experience of the Chola MS Risk Services gained through the implementation of process safety management (PSM) in various sectors across the country to the level of sense of vulnerability that exists in the organization with field‐related examples and challenges faced by the Indian industries in improving the same. This article will also highlight that the sense of vulnerability also brings in the sense of vigilance over various parameters even in apparently steady‐state, smooth operations. Even slight changes in critical parameters will “ring a cautionary bell” where there is a sense of vulnerability.
Developing a suicide prevention action plan in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Ouma Sarah Atieno , Frey Florina , Ganda Gregory , Arogo Beryl Annie , Otieno Douglas Onyango , Andrä Paul , Wolthusen Rick Peter Fritz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSuicide prevention is a complex and context‐dependent challenge. About 75% of deaths by suicide occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries; yet, most current suicide prevention strategies build upon data from high‐income countries (HIC). The Kisumu County Government (KCG) in Kenya recognized the need for a suicide prevention action plan. In the absence of a Kenyan national suicide strategy, it also did not solely depend on recommendations from HIC. The KCG therefore convened a multidisciplinary workgroup with stakeholders from various sectors that led the development of the Kisumu County Suicide Prevention Action Plan (KCSPAP). The team utilized a mixed‐method approach (literature review, a desk review of mental health indicators and death certificates, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews) identifying the following: (a) magnitude and variations of suicide cases (higher number of suicide completions compared to attempts; the leading method was organophosphate poisoning though the suicide method often was not specified); (b) protective and risk factors (male gender, being between 19 and 45 years of age, and being married); (c) community perceptions of suicide (taboo topic; associated with negative spirits; community members were divided on suicide decriminalization); (d) potential solutions (need for data collection, awareness creation; scale‐up of traditional and nontraditional mental health approaches). Given the importance of a public health perspective on suicide prevention, the data in the KCSPAP are organized in a public health prevention framework that builds on a data collection framework. The KCSPAP was handed over to the KCG in mid‐2020; different recommendations have been implemented since. The KCSPAP is an example of policymaking based on local knowledge. This homegrown policymaking approach has multiple benefits and can be used by stakeholders locally and in other countries.
Further revealing reaction mechanism on the oxidative behavior of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Du Xia , Yao Tingyu , Zhang Hui , Shang Yan , Jing Liquan , Hu Jinguang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSolar energy‐driven biomass refinery to produce high value‐added chemicals is attracting more and more attention. However, precisely modulating for selective oxidation of biomass‐derived platform chemical is still challenging. Further mechanism study on this oxidation process is highly desirable. In this work, theoretical study on the oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) at the atomic and molecular level is completed by density functional theory, oxidative reaction mechanism is further revealed. The two oxidation reaction pathways were identified, one is the hydroxymethyl group of HMF is oxidized to obtain 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) and continue oxidized to form 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (FFCA) and finally FFCA is oxidized to obtain FDCA, the other is the aldehyde group of HMF is oxidized to form 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), and then oxidized to form FFCA and FDCA. The potential energy surface information of the 24 possible reaction channels at the B3LYP/6‐311 + G(d,p) level was obtained, including geometry structure optimization and frequency calculation of the stationary point. Results showed that hydroxymethyl group is easier to be oxidized to form DFF with the lower reaction energy barrier, this is consisted with most of the experimental results. Compared with O2, the H‐abstract reaction initiated by peroxy radicals of aldehyde or hydroxymethyl group is kinetically favorable. The new findings of two oxidation reaction processes of HMF (alcohol oxidation and aldehyde oxidation) in detail are of great significance for further utilizing and development of HMF.
Subcritical monotone cellular automata
Authors: Balister Paul , Bollobás Béla , Morris Robert , Smith Paul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study monotone cellular automata (also known as ‐bootstrap percolation) in with random initial configurations. Confirming a conjecture of Balister, Bollobás, Przykucki and Smith, who proved the corresponding result in two dimensions, we show that the critical probability is non‐zero for all subcritical models.
Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Delivery of an IL‐1 Receptor Antagonist Promote Targeted Repair of Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Liu Yizong , Xia Peng , Yan Feiyue , Yuan Man , Yuan Haitao , Du Yuxin , Yan Jiangbo , Song Qiulin , Zhang Tianlu , Hu Danping , Shen Yin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRetinal degeneration (RD) is an irreversible blinding disease that seriously affects patients’ daily activities and mental health. Targeting hyperactivated microglia and regulating polarization are promising strategies for treating the disease. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is proven to be an effective treatment due to its immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. However, the low efficiency of cell migration and integration of MSCs remains a major obstacle to clinical use. The goal of this study is to develop a nanodelivery system that targets hyperactivated microglia and inhibits their release of proinflammatory factors, to achieve durable neuroprotection. This approach is to engineer extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from MSC, modify them with a cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide on their surface, and load them with an antagonist of the IL‐1 receptor, anakinra. Comparing with non‐engineered EVs, it is observed that engineered cRGD‐EVs exhibit an increased targeting efficiency against hyperactivated microglia and strongly protected photoreceptors in experimental RD cells and animal models. This study provides a strategy to improve drug delivery to degenerated retinas and offers a promising approach to improve the treatment of RD through targeted modulation of the immune microenvironment via engineered cRGD‐EVs.
Pollution by microplastic in highly crowded sandy beaches in Lima, Peru
Authors: Santillán Luis , Dioses‐Salinas Diana C. , Pretell Victor , Ramos Williams , De‐la‐Torre Gabriel E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlastic accumulation in coastal areas is a worldwide concern and Peruvian beaches are not exceptions. We visited three sandy beaches in Lima, Peru in spring 2019 and summer 2020, those were San Pedro, Costa Azul, and Las Conchitas. We collected sand to test microplastics (MP) occurrence and characterization. Fragments and fibers were the most common particle, FTIR spectrometry indicated evidence of polypropylene and polyethylene of low and high‐density. The abundance of MP was not the same in the three beaches; San Pedro presented the lowest abundance and Costa Azul the highest. MP occurred in both seasons, however, there was a decrease in summer, among the three beaches, the reduction in Costa Azul was not significant. MP decrease in summer is vinculated by cleaning campaigns to welcome visitors for the summer season. However, that procedure seems not relevant in Costa Azul because maintained a high pollution level. Synergy with other human activities occurs, like fisheries in San Pedro and Las Conchitas and informal dumps in Costa Azul. Our research describes the pollution of microplastics in three important and crowded beaches during summer. Our information provides a baseline about the beach condition mainly related to microplastic pollution and the effectiveness of environmental measures like cleaning campaigns.
Effects of oral or parenteral iron supplementation on haematological parameters, blood iron status and growth in newborn calves fed milk replacer
Authors: Golbeck Lennart , Cohrs Imke , Humann‐Ziehank Esther , Grünberg Walter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the influence of early life iron supplementation on the haematological parameters of calves fed milk replacer on a high plane of nutrition.MethodsThirty calves were allocated to receive either a sham treatment (CON), injection of 1000 mg Fe3+ (INJ) or oral administration of 1050 mg Fe3+ (ORAL), all administered less than 1 hour after birth. Blood was obtained before treatment, on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 of life and once weekly until week 9. Samples were analysed for haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and estimated transferrin saturation (%TSAT).ResultsThe Hb and PCV of calves in the INJ and ORAL groups were above the values of those in the CON group throughout the study. Hb and PCV of the CON group remained within the reference range for calves. The %TSAT exceeded reported ranges in the ORAL group in the first week. Values for the CON group were below the INJ and ORAL groups throughout the entire study. Average daily gain did not differ between treatments.LimitationsThe sample size was insufficient to assess the influence of iron supplementation on disease development. Furthermore, the study was set in a controlled environment and not performed under field conditions.ConclusionsOral and subcutaneous iron administration had similar effects on haematological development but resulted in numerically different transferrin saturation. Control animals showed lower Hb and PCV but did not develop overt anaemia.
The photon energy spectrum in B → Xsγ at N3LL′
Authors: Dehnadi Bahman , Novikov Ivan , Tackmann Frank J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present predictions for the photon energy spectrum in inclusive B → Xsγ decays mediated by the electromagnetic penguin operator O7 to N3LL′. We use soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) to resum the singular contributions in the peak region at large photon energy. In the tail region the resummed predictions are matched to fixed order at N3LO, where we include the known fixed-order contributions for O7 up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

). We develop a method to suitably parametrize the still unknown $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

) nonsingular corrections in terms of theory nuisance parameters, whose variations provide an estimate of the associated theory uncertainty. In this context, we also study different ways to treat higher-order cross terms in the matching. Another important aspect of our analysis is the short-distance scheme used for the b-quark mass mb. We find that in the present context, the 1S mass scheme, which was previously used up to 2-loop order, fails to work at 3-loop order, because the mass scheme enters at a soft scale much smaller than mb here, for which the 1S scheme was not devised. Using instead the MSR mass scheme with R ~ 1 GeV, we obtain stable results with good perturbative convergence up to N3LL′.
Rapid Quantification of Alcohol Content in Intact Bottles of Wine Using Scalar-Coupled Spectroscopy at Low Field
Authors: Webb Andrew , Najac Chloe , Ronen Itamar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDirect spectroscopic quantification of small molecules using low cost, low field (< 0.1 T) large bore portable magnets is not possible using conventional techniques due the presence of strong homonuclear coupling which results in complicated spectral patterns with resonances separated by much less than the achievable spectral linewidth. In contrast, a method using the signals from a Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) train, in which the data are Fourier transformed in this indirect dimension, can produce so-called J-spectra in which several distinct spectral features can be distinguished. In this work, we evaluate this technique to quantify the amount of alcohol (ethanol) in intact bottles of wines or spirits.
Investigation of sound and vibration behavior of cylindrical gears
Authors: Beinstingel A. , Haringer F. , Sigmund W. , Heider M. , Pinnekamp B. , Marburg S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs technology progresses, the demands placed on drive trains are continuously increasing. This also includes the vibration behavior and the acoustic performance of gearboxes. Especially when electric motors are used for propulsion and thus masking by an internal combustion engine or a similar driving machine vanishes, the optimization of the noise characteristics contribute as an important aspect to a successful gear design. Since the main noise originates from the characteristic power transmission process of the mating gear teeth, the transfer path of the structure-borne sound is a complex composition of gear mesh, shafts, bearings and housing. As a result, the acoustic performance depends on various influencing factors and hence a deep understanding of the dynamic interactions in a gearbox is required for optimization purposes. A suitable calculation strategy highly supports production development by identifying key influencing factors. In this context, the investigation of the dynamic behavior of a gearbox concept with respect to its acoustic performance is presented in this article.
The persistence of precarity: youth livelihood struggles and aspirations in the context of truncated agrarian change, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Griffin Christina , Sirimorok Nurhady , Dressler Wolfram H. , Sahide Muhammad Alif K. , Fisher Micah R. , Faturachmat Fatwa , Muin Andi Vika Faradiba , Andary Pamula Mita , Batiran Karno B. , Rahmat  , Rizaldi Muhammad , Toumbourou Tessa , Suwarso Reni , Salim Wilmar , Utomo Ariane , Akhmad Fandi , Clendenning Jessica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProcesses of rapid and truncated agrarian change—driven through expanding urbanisation, infrastructure development, extractive industries, and commodity crops—are shaping the livelihood opportunities and aspirations of Indonesia’s rural youth. This study describes the everyday experiences of youth as they navigate the changing character of agriculture, aquaculture, and fishing livelihoods across gender, class, and generation. Drawing on qualitative field research conducted in the Maros District of South Sulawesi, we examine young people’s experiences of agrarian change in a landscape of entangled rural, coastal and increasingly urbanised spaces. We find that young people aspire to secure, modern, and salary-based work, while continuing to seek and sustain intergenerational farming or aquaculture-based livelihoods. Youth take advantage of increased connectivity to diversify their incomes, yet their dependence on mobility also introduces new forms of gendered and class based precarity such as insecure working arrangements, disruption to education and violence (especially for young unskilled women and youth from financially insecure households). Our study highlights the persistent conditions of precarity that many young people encounter in both rural and urban settings, while challenging assumptions that youth are uninterested in rural futures.
Altruism in coalition formation games
Authors: Kerkmann Anna Maria , Cramer Simon , Rothe Jörg 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNguyen et al. (2016) introduced altruistic hedonic games in which agents’ utilities depend not only on their own preferences but also on those of their friends in the same coalition. We propose to extend their model to coalition formation games in general, considering also the friends in other coalitions. Comparing our model to altruistic hedonic games, we argue that excluding some friends from the altruistic behavior of an agent is a major disadvantage that comes with the restriction to hedonic games. After introducing our model and showing some desirable properties, we additionally study some common stability notions and provide a computational analysis of the associated verification and existence problems.
Acaricidal and repellent activities of ethanol extracts of nine chinese medicinal herbs against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Li Donglinag , Lu Shunli , Jian Yichen , Cheng Shuqi , Zhao Qianming , Yuan Huizhen , Wang Nanhao , Liu Yufeng , Zhang Sumei , Zhang Longxian , Wang Rongjun , Jian Fuchun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRhipicephalus microplus is a major threat to the cattle industry worldwide. The intensive use of acaricides and repellents has resulted in drug resistance. Hence, effective and eco-friendly pest control alternatives are urgently needed, especially from natural plant resources. In this study, the acaricidal and repellent activities of nine herbs against the larvae and eggs of R. microplus were evaluated. The results showed that ethanol extracts of star anise (Illicium verum), chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus anthelmintica), motherwart (Leonurus artemisia), mandarin orange peel (citri reticulatae pericarpium, i.e., peel of Citrus reticulata fruit), and stemona (Stemona sessilifolia) had good contact acaricidal activities of 100, 98, 94, 88 and 86%, respectively, whereas star anise and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) had good fumigant acaricidal activities of 98 and 96%, respectively. The hatching inhibition rate of star anise against R. microplus eggs was 100%. All nine herbs had good real-time repellent rates, but only castor bean and star anise had repellent effects after 48 h (81.3 and 79.6%, respectively). This is the first report of the acaricidal and repellent activities of these medicinal herbs against R. microplus. Ethanol extracts of these herbs might be considered as potential alternatives to chemical acaricides for control of R. microplus.
EFL learners’ motivation in a gamified formative assessment: The case of Quizizz
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Crawford Jenifer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the past few years, the world’s attention has been focused on gaming systems and their application in education through gamification, incorporating game features into learning tools. Against this backdrop, this study aims to investigate the motivation of EFL learners in a Gamified Formative Assessment (GFA). Theoretical insights from self-determination theory (SDT) are synthesized in the context of motivation analysis and internalization. Data from interviews and questionnaires are collected, and pair-t-tests and basic linear regression, CiteSpace, are utilized for data evaluation and literature review. Paired t-tests for the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) in the first and second stages, as well as the EG’s first and second stages, show a strong positive correlation between CG’s scores in stages one and two and EG’s scores in both stages (r1 = 0.930, r2 = 0.851, r3 = 0.953,p < 0.001). It is found that Quizizz, as an example of GFA, can enhance EFL learners’ internalization at a higher level during their learning process. Furthermore, our findings also suggest that gamification enables most EFL learners to recognize the value and benefits of assessment as motivation for identified regulation. Additionally, the overall accuracy of the students in the EG, which is 89.05%, is higher compared to the CG’s accuracy of 74.01%. It is interesting to note that their motivation level correlates with their performance and engagement. With these findings, we contribute to the literature by validating that gamified formative assessment fosters the internalization of EFL at the elementary level, thereby enhancing students’ engagement and language proficiency. Therefore, as one of the studies on gamification and motivation, this research holds unique value in analyzing EFL instruction at the primary school level.
A comparative study of different methods for the determination of cadmium in various tissues of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.)
Authors: Chen Kunmei , Mou Pan , Zhu Aiguo , Chen Ping , Chen Jikang , Gao Gang , Wang Xiaofei , Feng Xinkang , Yu Chunming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRemediation of cadmium (Cd) pollution is one of the priorities of global environmental governance and accurate detection of Cd content is a key link in remediation of Cd pollution. This study aimed to compare three methods (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS)) for the determination of Cd with different tissues of various ramie varieties, and distinguish the advantage and disadvantage of each method. In total, 162 samples of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.), which is an ideal plant for heavy metal remediation, were detected and the results showed that the three methods were all suitable for the de-termination of Cd content in ramie. ICP-OES and ICP-MS were simpler, faster, and more sensitive than GF-AAS. ICP-MS could be recommended for the determination of samples with various concentrations of Cd. ICP-OES could be used for measurement of samples with > 100 mg/kg Cd content, while GF-AAS was suitable for the detection of samples with very high (> 550 mg/kg) or very low (< 10 mg/kg) Cd content. Overall, considering the accuracy, stability, and the cost of measurement, ICP-MS was the most suitable method for determination of Cd content. This study provides significant reference information for the research in the field of Cd pollution remediation.
Concise outlines for a complex logic: a proof outline checker for TaDA
Authors: Wolf Felix A. , Schwerhoff Malte , Müller Peter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModern separation logics allow one to prove rich properties of intricate code, e.g., functional correctness and linearizability of non-blocking concurrent code. However, this expressiveness leads to a complexity that makes these logics difficult to apply. Manual proofs or proofs in interactive theorem provers consist of a large number of steps, often with subtle side conditions. On the other hand, automation with dedicated verifiers typically requires sophisticated proof search algorithms that are specific to the given program logic, resulting in limited tool support that makes it difficult to experiment with program logics, e.g., when learning, improving, or comparing them. Proof outline checkers fill this gap. Their input is a program annotated with the most essential proof steps, just like the proof outlines typically presented in papers. The tool then checks automatically that this outline represents a valid proof in the program logic. In this paper, we systematically develop a proof outline checker for the TaDA logic, which reduces the checking to a simpler verification problem, for which automated tools exist. Our approach leads to proof outline checkers that provide substantially more automation than interactive provers, but are much simpler to develop than custom automatic verifiers.