bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional analysis of junctions between efferent and epididymal ducts in the human caput epididymis
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Iseki Shoichi , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to the scarcity of studies using human tissues, the limited information is currently available on the gross structure of the caput epididymis in humans, at which efferent ducts connect to the epididymal duct.ObjectiveThe present study investigated the three‐dimensional structures of efferent and caput epididymal ducts in humans, with a focus on junctions between the former and the latter.Materials and methodsWe examined three sets of human efferent and caput epididymal ducts in specimens obtained from prostatic carcinoma patients. They were reconstructed from serial paraffin sections using a segmentation model created by a deep learning protocol and high‐performance three‐dimensional reconstruction software.ResultsSerial sections and three‐dimensional images of human efferent and caput epididymal ducts were combined to obtain the detailed anatomical information. When a single efferent duct was defined as a duct connecting to both the extra‐testicular rete testis and epididymal duct, there were 14.7 efferent ducts with a total length of 3.0 m per specimen on average. The cranial portion of the efferent ducts joined to a single duct and terminated at the end of the epididymal duct, whereas other efferent ducts terminated independently on the side of the epididymal duct. These two types of junctions between the efferent and epididymal ducts differed in the patterns of the epithelial‐type switch. The epididymal duct consisted of multiple segments, which were separated by a minimal amount of connective tissue septa or even without them. Efferent ducts occupied most of the volume of the caput epididymis.Discussion and conclusionsBy utilizing deep learning, we reconstructed human efferent and caput epididymal ducts and revealed their precise three‐dimensional structures, which differed from those of rodents in several aspects. The present results may be useful for analyzing anatomical abnormalities related to some types of male infertility.
Development of video tutorials to help parents manage children with acute illnesses using a modified Delphi method
Authors: Borch‐Johnsen L. , Andrés‐Jensen L. , Folke F. , Espersen M. M. , Amstrup S. L. , Frederiksen M. S. , Gjærde L. K. , Hjelvang B. R. , Kristoffersen M. J. , Lundby‐Christensen L. , Schrøder M. , Spangenberg K. B. , Lund S. , Cortes D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimChildren often fall sick, which causes concern among parents. Online health information can be confusing and difficult to understand. We aimed to produce simple, informative video tutorials on the symptoms ill children present.MethodsWe used a modified Delphi method to produce video tutorials on the symptoms of fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, abdominal pain, breathing difficulties, sore throat, red eyes, earache and rash. We identified the most common symptoms in acutely ill children. During the first consensus round, experts rated statements on out‐of‐hospital management from existing health information. Video tutorials were produced from statements rated to be included. The second consensus round involved video showings and editing. Two videos were evaluated in focus groups by parents.ResultsDuring the first round, experts rated a median of 79 (40–154) statements for each symptom. Panels consisted of a median of seven (6–11) experts, primarily. Panels reached a consensus on inclusion, neutrality or exclusion in 83% of statements. The second round led to adjustments to the videos and final approval by experts. Most parents evaluated the videos as ‘informative, easy to understand and calming’.ConclusionWe produced video tutorials on the common symptoms ill children present using a modified Delphi method. Feedback from parents in focus groups was positive.
Followers matter: Understanding the emotional exhaustion of servant leadership
Authors: Zheng Gloria Guoyang , Zhou Yu , Wu Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study pivots from the broadly beneficial view of servant leadership and focuses on its negative effects on leaders themselves. Combining the constructionist approach with the job demands–resources (JD‐R) model, we propose the mutualism and parasitism paths and argue that servant leadership behaviors and followers' responses co‐construct leaders' emotional exhaustion. Specifically, we hypothesize that servant leadership influences followers' job demands and resources and, thus, predicts team taking charge and team dependence on leader. In turn, the two factors influence leaders' job demands and resources and, consequently, impact leaders' emotional exhaustion. Using two‐wave data of 385 employees from 83 teams, our results support the hypothesized model. Overall, our model and findings help explain the dark side of servant leadership.
Islamic glass in the Christian Kingdom of Alwa: Chemistry of shards from Soba, Nubia, Sudan
Authors: Then‐Obłuska Joanna , Dussubieux Laure 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExcavations at Soba, the capital of Alwa, between 2019 and 2022 yielded more than 30 glass fragments in addition to a glass cosmetic bottle. An analysis of 30 glass samples has identified glass belonging to a number of compositional groups. The majority of fragments were made of plant ash‐soda glass produced in the Middle East (Iran, Iraq) between the 9th and 10th centuries, and in the Eastern Mediterranean (Levant and Egypt) between the mid‐10th and mid‐12th centuries. Seven fragments were made of mineral–soda‐lime glass produced in 9th‐century Egypt and three high‐lead glasses find analogies in the 9th‐ to 11th‐century glass. Archeological evidence, as well as textual sources, leave no doubt about Alwa’s intense transcultural connections. This article provides the first insight into the chemistry of glass shards from medieval Nubia, and the results of analysis contribute to evidence for long‐distance contacts of Soba, the capital of one of the medieval kingdoms of Sahelian Africa.
Joyful by nature: approaches to investigate the evolution and function of joy in non‐human animals
Authors: Nelson Ximena J. , Taylor Alex H. , Cartmill Erica A. , Lyn Heidi , Robinson Lauren M. , Janik Vincent , Allen Colin 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe nature and evolution of positive emotion is a major question remaining unanswered in science and philosophy. The study of feelings and emotions in humans and animals is dominated by discussion of affective states that have negative valence. Given the clinical and social significance of negative affect, such as depression, it is unsurprising that these emotions have received more attention from scientists. Compared to negative emotions, such as fear that leads to fleeing or avoidance, positive emotions are less likely to result in specific, identifiable, behaviours being expressed by an animal. This makes it particularly challenging to quantify and study positive affect. However, bursts of intense positive emotion (joy) are more likely to be accompanied by externally visible markers, like vocalisations or movement patterns, which make it more amenable to scientific study and more resilient to concerns about anthropomorphism. We define joy as intense, brief, and event‐driven (i.e. a response to something), which permits investigation into how animals react to a variety of situations that would provoke joy in humans. This means that behavioural correlates of joy are measurable, either through newly discovered ‘laughter’ vocalisations, increases in play behaviour, or reactions to cognitive bias tests that can be used across species. There are a range of potential situations that cause joy in humans that have not been studied in other animals, such as whether animals feel joy on sunny days, when they accomplish a difficult feat, or when they are reunited with a familiar companion after a prolonged absence. Observations of species‐specific calls and play behaviour can be combined with biometric markers and reactions to ambiguous stimuli in order to enable comparisons of affect between phylogenetically distant taxonomic groups. Identifying positive affect is also important for animal welfare because knowledge of positive emotional states would allow us to monitor animal well‐being better. Additionally, measuring if phylogenetically and ecologically distant animals play more, laugh more, or act more optimistically after certain kinds of experiences will also provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the evolution of joy and other positive emotions, and potentially even into the evolution of consciousness.
Relation between young children's anger and fathers' mental health during the COVID‐19 epidemic: Moderating role of gender and child number
Authors: Wang Lu , Wei Yonggang , Xiao Yao , Cai Hongmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe father–child interaction deserves attention during the COVID‐19 epidemic. This study administrated the Child Anger Questionnaire and the SCL‐90 Symptom Checklist to collect primary data from 1862 fathers of Chinese young children during the COVID‐19 outbreak, examined the relation between young children's anger and their fathers' mental health, and verified whether the relation was moderated by the gender or the child number. The results demonstrated that the detection rate of anger among Chinese young children was 60.08%, the scores of SCL‐90 factors of their fathers were significantly lower than the Chinese normal adult male norms and those of infant parents, and the anger of young children had a significant effect on their fathers' mental health. Gender and child number moderated this relation. It is of great significance to strengthen the attention to the anger of young children and the mental health of fathers during the period of public health emergencies, and to promote the harmonious interpersonal relationship between young children and their fathers.
New branch disease of Styphnolobium japonicum caused by Fusarium solani in Xinjiang of China
Authors: Wang Qian , Shi Yuanze , Yu Junnan , Shan Lulu , Sun Deying , Yang Shuqing , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStyphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott is a deciduous tree belonging to family Fabaceae and has been widely planted as garden greenery in China. In May 2021, a serious branch canker disease was observed in Alaer City. In order to identify the pathogen, five fungi were isolated from the diseased branches and the pathogenicity was evaluated by inoculating the branches outdoors. The pathogen was re‐isolated from all the inoculated branches, therefore fulfilling Koch's postulates. Based on the morphological characteristic and polygenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region, β‐tubulin and the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha, the pathogen was identified as Fusarium solani. This is the first report of F. solani as the causal agent of a branch canker of S. japonicum in Xinjiang of China.
A modified MERR model for predicting mode II fracture initiation angle considering boundary constraint effect
Authors: Xia Yan , Yao Chengbin , Zhu Zhongmeng , Yang Zhuoran , Jiang Han 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring the service process of brittle materials like marble, soda‐glass, and acrylic, mode II fracture is usually a typical failure mode. The fracture crack initiation, which is a critical factor affecting mode II fracture behavior, is an essential issue for understanding the fracture mechanism and determining fracture toughness. This paper proposed a modified maximum energy release rate model to predict the mode II fracture initiation angle through superimposing two idealized boundary conditions, remote loading, and crack‐face traction. The degree of the boundary constraint effect in finite‐size specimens was quantified by introducing the dimension‐ratio parameter. As experimentally validating through tension‐loading shear fracture tests of brittle poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the proposed model was demonstrated to be a good prediction of the mode II fracture initiation angle. The applicability of the proposed model was also verified with other brittle materials and fracture test techniques in references. The findings provide an insightful understanding of the mode II fracture behavior of brittle materials.
Elevational shift in seed plant distributions in China's mountains over the last 70 years
Authors: Zu Kuiling , Lenoir Jonathan , Fang Jingyun , Tang Zhiyao , Shen Zehao , Ji Chengjun , Zheng Chengyang , Luo Ao , Song Wenqi , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Wang Zhiheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimSignificant changes in species elevational ranges in mountains have been repeatedly documented, yet the direction, magnitude and drivers of these shifts remain controversial. Presently, there is still lacking evidence about the general nature of species elevational range shifts in eastern Eurasia in response to anthropogenic climate change. By using historical specimen records and recent field observations for 735 seed plant species across 29 China's mountains, we assessed changes in species' elevational centroids and their drivers.LocationChina.Time Period1950–2018.Major Taxa StudiedSeed plant species.MethodsThe elevation records of all sampled occurrences in each mountain during the two time periods were estimated, and the null models were developed to test the sampling bias. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were used to evaluate the relative importance of climate factors in constraining each species distribution. Generalized linear models (GLMs) to test the relationships between the centroid elevational range shifts of species and different divers.ResultsWe found that 54% of the species shifting upward and 46% downhill. However, species' elevational shifts significantly differed among species and mountains. Herbaceous and lowland species moved upward faster than woody and high‐elevation species. Species in temperate mountains and in mountains with taller elevational gradients moved upward, while species in subtropical mountains and in mountains with shorter elevational gradients moved downward. Precipitation changes experienced by species, species' climatic adaptations, several species' functional traits and mountain size all contributed to explain the magnitude of species' centroid elevational range shifts.Main ConclusionsOur results highlight complex biodiversity redistribution of seed plants across Chinese mountains, not necessarily conforming to the trend of species upward shifts in elevation. Changes in precipitation regimes may blur the simplistic assumption of isotherm tracking. This study fills an important geographic shortfall for our understanding of biodiversity redistribution under anthropogenic climate change.
Mechanical performance and microstructure of 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs medical ceramic surgical scalpel material prepared through SPS–HF dual sintering method
Authors: Zhang Dachuang , Xiao Guangchun , Chen Hui , Yi Mingdong , Zhang Jingjie , Chen Zhaoqiang , Xu Chonghai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y‐TZP)/Al2O3/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) medical ceramic materials for manufacturing surgical scalpels were sintered in vacuum in an SPS–625HF furnace. The mechanical performances and microstructures of the composites were investigated, and the influence mechanisms of the sintering temperature and amount of added GNPs were studied. During the sintering process at 1400°C and 30 MPa for 5 min, the added GNPs enhanced the mechanical properties of the 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3 composites. The results showed that the composite with .1 wt.% GNPs had 6.4% (910 ± 11 MPa) higher flexural strength than 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3. The composite with .4 wt.% GNPs had 38.7% (12.95 ± .22 MPa m1/2) greater fracture toughness than 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3. The main toughening mechanisms of 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs were crack bridging, crack deflection, crack branching, GNPs bridging, transgranular fracture structures, and phase transformation of t‐ZrO1.95. The two‐stage densification displacement curve appeared at the optimal sintering temperature of the materials, and the 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs composites with a two‐stage densification displacement curve had excellent mechanical properties. The added GNPs can inhibit the grain growth during the sintering process, thereby refining the zirconia grains. With the increase in GNPs content, the grain size and flexural strength of the composites decreased gradually. However, higher content of GNPs was beneficial to improve the relative density and thermal diffusivity of 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs composite material.
Public service announcements: A literature review and way forward
Authors: Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj , R. M. Harindranath , Nandakumar Nachiketas , Srivastava Ekta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a literature review of public service announcements (PSAs). Using the SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol, we uncover 119 articles on PSAs in the domains of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the environment, health, finance, safety, and security. The literature review reveals that PSA makers may elicit empathy during their appeal and also juxtapose PSAs with narratives. Further, they may consider using fear, humour, and nurturance appeals. We cull the key takeaways from each domain and identify commonalities and differences across the domains. In addition, we offer strategies to make PSAs effective. PSA makers may run more PSAs, use targeted appeals, and use fewer celebrity appeals. The paper also identifies gaps in the literature and outlines future research directions.
A primary care psychoeducational group intervention for patients with depression and physical comorbidity: A qualitative study with a gender perspective
Authors: Raya‐Tena Antonia , Martín‐Royo Jaume , Bellido‐Pérez Mercedes , Sauch Valmaña Gloria , Berenguera Ossó Anna , Soria‐García M. Dolores , Ruíz‐Serrano Sonia , Lacasta‐Tintorer Norma , Jiménez Herrera M. Francisca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the experiences and emotions of individuals with depression and physical comorbidity within the context of psychoeducational group interventions led by primary care nurses in Catalunya (Spain).MethodA psychoeducational group intervention was conducted in the first semester of 2019 with 13 primary care teams (rural/urban) and 95 participants with depression and physical comorbidity. The qualitative research and phenomenological perspective were based on 13 field diaries and 7 semi‐structured interviews carried out with the observer nurses. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Codes were identified by segmenting the text into citations/verbatim accounts and emerging categories/subcategories by regrouping the codes. The results were triangulated among the researchers to identify and compare similarities and differences.ResultsFour major themes were found: (a) gender differences; (b) coping strategies and changes observed during the intervention; (c) functions of the group as a therapeutic element; and (d) the nurses' perceptions of the group experience. Gender differences were identified in relation to experiences and emotions.ConclusionsAs some patients acquired skills/behaviours during the intervention that helped them initiate changes and the nurses were satisfied with the intervention, it is important to include this information when planning effective interventions for patients with this profile.
Role of supervisor support, CCM approach and salesforce performance in service selling
Authors: Zubair Ahsan , Abro Muhammad Azeem , Usman Muhammad , Shabbir Rizwan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractService organizations engage salesforce for strategic profitability by investing in building their skills and supporting them to face new competitive world challenges. This study explored the impact of coaching, counselling and mentoring (CCM) on salesforce performance, with the mediating role of supervisor support in the service sector. This study used a structured questionnaire, through convenience sampling, to collect data from 204 commercial services sector salesforce employees based on a quantitative research strategy. Multivariate analysis was conducted through the Hayes Process Macro (Model‐4), taking into account all the assumptions. The results showed that supervisory support partially mediates CCM with salesforce performance. Therefore, service organizations should follow human resource development principles and motivate new salesforce employees to become team members of existing teams for fast learning and understanding of workplace environments. This study explored three pillars of training and development from a performance perspective in the service sector. As salesforce is becoming a strategic asset, a sound employee evaluation system is required after providing training because rewards or appreciation are needed to align with its vision for gaining a competitive advantage.
Struggling for access to appropriate healthcare services: A qualitative content analysis of patient complaints
Authors: Gyberg Anna , Brezicka Thomas , Wijk Helle , Ulin Kerstin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe circumstances concerning access for patients and relatives to take part in patient health and safety in a hospital setting.DesignThis study used a qualitative descriptive design and was conducted at a Swedish university hospital.MethodThe 79 complaints reported by patients and relatives included in this study were registered between January 2017 and June 2019. These complaints were classified as concerning access to healthcare services. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe overarching theme, struggling for access as a human being in the healthcare system, encompassed three themes describing patients' and relatives' needs. The three themes were (1) navigating through the healthcare organization, (2) making sense of self and what is going on and (3) being acknowledged as having needs.ConclusionPatients and relatives continuously participate in various ways in healthcare to promote health and prevent patient harm. Our findings contribute important knowledge about the meaning of access from a broad healthcare system perspective. Access was restricted in terms of appropriateness in how patients' needs were met. This restriction of access risked the deterioration of patient health and safety.ImpactPatients and relatives play an active part in patient health and safety, although their attempts are sometimes hindered. Restrictions in the appropriateness of access prevented patients and relatives from taking part in patient health and safety, which appeared to mean that they had to adapt and expend effort to the point that it negatively affected their health and everyday life. These findings concern all patients, relatives and healthcare professionals in hospital‐associated settings.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.