bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle activities in mid-life contribute to cognitive reserve in middle-aged individuals at risk for late-life Alzheimer’s disease, independent of education and occupation
Authors: Deng Feng , El-Sherbiny Sandra , Dounavi Maria-Eleni , Ritchie Karen , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Malhotra Paresh , Ritchie Craig W , Lawlor Brian , Naci Lorina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is now acknowledged that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology starts decades before the onset of clinical symptoms, but it remains unknown whether modifiable lifestyle factors can protect against these incipient AD processes, early, in mid-life. Cognitive reserve can explain cognitive preservation in some older adults despite ageing or dementia symptoms, but it is not known whether it can protect against neurodegeneration in mid-life. We asked whether modifiable lifestyle activities contribute to cognitive reserve in mid-life, and whether it can offset the risk of AD in individuals who are cognitively healthy. Cognition, structural, and functional brain health measures were assessed at baseline and two years follow-up, in a cohort of middle-aged participants (N = 210; 40–59 years). Mid-life activities were measured using the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire. We assessed the impact of lifestyle activities and known risk factors for sporadic late-onset AD (i.e., the Cardiovascular Risk Factors Aging and Dementia [CAIDE] score) on measures of cognition and brain health. Multivariable linear regression found that mid-life activities made a unique contribution to cognition, independent of education and occupation. Crucially, mid-life activities moderated the relationship between cognitive ability (verbal and visuospatial functions, and conjunctive short-term memory binding) and brain health. Cognitive ability of people with higher mid-life activities, particularly those with high dementia risk scores, was less dependent on their brain functional architecture. Impaired visuospatial function is one of the earliest cognitive deficits in AD and has previously been associated with increased AD risk in this cohort. Additionally, conjunctive memory functions have been found impaired in the pre-symptomatic stages of AD. These findings suggest that modifiable activities contribute uniquely to cognitive reserve in midlife, and may offset the risk of AD. The modifiability of these activities supports their targeting by public health initiatives aimed at dementia prevention.
New-onset syncope in diabetic patients treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: A Chinese population-based cohort study
Authors: Gao Xinyi , Zhang Nan , Lu Lei , Gao Tianyu , Chou Oscar Hou In , Wong Wing Tak , Chang Carlin , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Zhang Qingpeng , Tse Gary , Liu Tong , Zhou Jiandong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSyncope and post-syncopal adverse events lead to a heavy burden in the healthcare systems with negative impact on the economy globally. However, no effective treatments have been identified to prevent the risk of new-onset syncope. This study compared the preventive effect of incident syncope between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i).MethodsThis was a retrospective, territory-wide cohort study enrolling type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with SGLT2i or DPP4i between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2020, in Hong Kong, China. The outcomes were new-onset syncope, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Multivariable Cox regression and different approaches using the propensity score were used to evaluate the association between SGLT2i vs. DPP4i with incident syncope and mortality.ResultsAfter matching, a total of 37502 patients with T2DM were included (18751 SGLT2i users, 18751 DPP4i users). During a median follow-up of 5.56 years, compared to DPP4i users, SGLT2i therapy was associated with a 51% lower risk of new-onset syncope (HR, 0.49; 95%CI [0.41-0.57], P<0.001), 65% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.35; 95%CI [0.26-0.46], P<0.001), and a 70% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.30; 95%CI [0.26-0.34], P<0.001) in the fully adjusted model. Similar association with syncope was observed for dapagliflozin (HR, 0.70; 95%CI [0.58-0.85], P<0.001), canagliflozin (HR, 0.48; 95%CI [0.36-0.63], P<0.001) and ertuglifolzin (HR, 0.45; 95%CI [0.30-0.68], P<0.001), but was attenuated for empagliflozin (HR, 0.79; 95%CI [0.59-1.05], P=0.100) after adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses suggested that, compared to DPP4i, SGLT2i showed a significantly protective effect in incident syncope among T2DM patients, regardless of gender, age, comorbidities burden and other medication history, as well as among patients with different levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c, and glycemic variability.ConclusionsCompared to DPP4i, SGLT2i could significantly reduce the risk of new-onset syncope in patients with T2DM, regardless of gender, age, comorbidities, other medication history, and degree of glycemic control. Our findings suggest a promising future of SGLT2i in preventing incident syncope.Abstract FigureStructured graphical abstractCI: confidence interval; DPP4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; HR: hazard ratio; SGLT2i: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor.
Trialling an Optimised social Groups intervention in services to Enhance social connecTedness and mental Health in vulnERable young people (TOGETHER): Study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vella Claire , Berry Clio , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Bibby-Jones Anna-Marie , Michelson Daniel , Bogen-Johnston Leanne , Fowler David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCalls have been made to rethink the mental health support currently available for young people. This study aims to help re-focus and reduce the inaccessibility of mental health services by offering an adapted version of a theoretically-driven, evidence-based, guided psychosocial intervention known as ‘Groups 4 Health’ (G4H). To date, the G4H intervention has mainly been trialled in Australia, with promising positive effects on social connection, mental health and well-being. The present study examines the feasibility of running a randomised controlled trial when delivering the G4H intervention for young people in the UK.MethodsThe TOGETHER study is a feasibility randomised controlled trial of an adapted version of the G4H intervention. Participants are aged 16-25, currently experiencing mental health difficulties and recruited from mental health services. The target sample size is 30, with 15 in each trial arm. Participants are randomly allocated to either G4H plus treatment as usual, or treatment as usual alone. The primary outcomes of interest are the feasibility of recruitment, randomisation, data collection and retention to the study at 10 and 14 week follow up, as well as the acceptability, and accessibility of the study protocol and G4H intervention.DiscussionThe results of this study will indicate if further optimisation is required to improve the feasibility, acceptability and accessibility of the intervention and study protocol procedures as perceived by end users and practitioners. This offers a significant opportunity to support the local and national demand for accessible, innovative, and effective psychosocial youth mental health support.Trial registrationISRCTN registry (ISRCTN12505807). Registration date: 11/04/2022.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Mitochondria-targeting Exosomes
Authors: Yan Xin , Chen Xinqian , Shan Zhiying , Bi Lanrong 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTMitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in both brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases, leading to various cellular abnormalities that can promote tumor growth and resistance to thera-pies, as well as impaired energy production and compromised neuronal function. Developing targeted therapies aimed at restoring mitochondrial function and improving overall cellular health could potentially be a promising approach to treating these conditions. Brain-derived exosomes (BR-EVs) have emerged as potential drug delivery vessels for neurological conditions. Herein, we report a new method for creating mitochondria-targeting exosomes and test its application in vitro and in vivo.
Identification of critical cell-types using genetic modules: A case study of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Chow Julie , Tomkova Marketa , Thomas Ashleigh , Rahmani Elior , Shifman Sagiv , Hormozdiari Fereydoun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIdentifying the critical cell-types impacted by various diseases is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and developing targeted therapeutics. Recent advances in disease genetic module discovery and single-cell technologies provide a unique opportunity to study critical cell-types based on functional pathways and modules. Disease genetic modules are defined as sets of genes with correlated expression that are part of the same biological pathways and are disrupted in the disease. Critical cell-types for a biological function are defined as clusters of similar cells most “active” or “involved” in that biological function. In this paper, we provide a formal problem definition for the critical cell discovery problem using the recently introduced local correlation concept, and show that the proposed problem is intractable in theory. We propose a novel method, MoToCC (Module To Critical Cell-types), to find sets of similar cells with local correlated gene expression activity for input modules. We evaluated MoToCC on four neurodevelopmental disorder modules using single-cell expression data from the developing human cortex. Finally, we demonstrate that the objective value returned by MoToCC for the tested modules is an acceptable approximation to the optimal solution. Overall, our work provides a valuable tool for studying critical cell-types and their role in disease mechanisms, which could lead to the development of more effective targeted therapeutics. The MoToCC package is available athttps://github.com/jchow32/MoToCC
The prevalence of horizontal violence with different cultural dimensions
Authors: Verma Pratima 
Published: July 2023

Purpose The study aims to look at the link between horizontal violence (HV) and organizational culture aspects. Bullying and hostility including intergroup conflict are referred to as HV. HV is a significant issue that is encountered in various professions. The different cultural typologies of group, developmental, hierarchical and rational culture have been addressed in this study. Additionally, it is identified that the prevalence of HV in organizations with different cultural dimensions.Design/methodology/approach Using a non-probability multistage sampling strategy, a quantitative method was used and questionnaires were circulated to collect data from the information technology sector. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.Findings The findings demonstrated that HV has a positive and substantial association with the group and developmental culture, whereas HV has a negative link with hierarchical and rational culture.Research limitations/implications These results provide a valuable tool for human resource managers and policymakers in promoting a healthy work environment and employee interpersonal collaboration, which will improve the organization’s overall performance.Originality/value This study is a novel work exploring the HV among employees in technological firms, and also combining the concepts of HV and organizational culture and also assists future researchers in many folds.
Design and analysis of high-gain DC–DC chopper topologies for PV-fed BLDC motor drive system
Authors: Elbarbary Zakaria Mohamed Salem , Alaifi Ahmed A. , Alqahtani Saad Fahed , Shaik Irshad Mohammad , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Gali Vijayakumar 
Published: July 2023

PurposeSwitching power converters for photovoltaic (PV) applications with high gain are rapidly expanding. To obtain better voltage gain, low switch stress, low ripple and cost-effective converters, researchers are developing several topologies.Design/methodology/approachIt was decided to use the particle swarm optimization approach for this system in order to compute the precise PI controller gain parameters under steady state and dynamic changing circumstances. A high-gain q- ZS boost converter is used as an intermittent converter between a PV and brushless direct current (BLDC) motor to attain maximum power point tracking, which also reduces the torque ripples. A MATLAB/Simulink environment has been used to build and test the positive output quadratic boost high gain converters (PQBHGC)-1, PQBHGC-8, PQBHGC-4 and PQBHGC-3 topologies to analyse their effectiveness in PV-driven BLDC motor applications. The simulation results show that the PQBHGC-3 topology is effective in comparison with other HG cell DC–DC converters in terms of efficiency, reduced ripples, etc. which is most suitable for PV-driven BLDC applications.FindingsThe simulation results have showed that the PQBHGC-3 gives better performance with minimum voltage ripple of 2V and current ripple of 0.4A which eventually reduces the ripples in the torque in a BLDC motor. Also, the efficiency for the suggested PQBHGC-3 for PV-based BLDC applications is the best with 99%.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind comparing the different topologies of PQBHGC-1, PQBHGC-8, PQBHGC-4 and PQBHGC-3 topologies to analyse their effectiveness in PV-driven BLDC motor applications. This study suggests that the PQBHGC-3 topology is most suitable in PV-driven BLDC applications.
How e-commerce platforms build channel power: the role of AI resources and market-based assets
Authors: Deng Guangkuan , Zhang Jianyu , Xu Ying 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Considering the emergence of e-commerce platforms and their integration into marketing channels, this paper aims to investigate how artificial intelligence (AI) resources – both technological and human – possessed by e-commerce platforms can enhance their channel power by acquiring market-based assets (relational and intellectual).

Design/methodology/approach
Based on resource-based theory and resource orchestration theory, the authors developed a framework tested using survey data gathered from the sellers, which incorporated six key variables: the e-commerce platform’s AI technology resources and human resources, rational and intellectual market-based assets, intraplatform competition and channel power. The analyses are performed using the regression analysis technique.

Findings
The empirical findings indicate that both technological and human AI resources are crucial in building channel power. In addition, market-based assets serve as a mediator in this relationship, while intraplatform competition moderates the effect of intellectual market-based assets on channel power negatively.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring how e-commerce platforms’ AI resources affect their channel power. The results offer valuable guidance to managers and researchers on optimizing AI resources to improve channel power.
Essential 4: a shared commitment to reflection, innovation and generative knowledge
Authors: Stoicovy Donnan , Badiali Bernard , Burns Rebecca West , Coler Cynthia , Cosenza Michael , Goree Krystal , Polly Drew , Zenkov Kristien 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the key aspects and give examples of Essential 4 of the Second Edition of the National Association for Professional Development Schools (NAPDS) Nine Essentials.
The beer component hordenine inhibits alcohol addiction‐associated behaviours in mice
Authors: Li Yan , Vogel Christina , Kalinichenko Liubov S. , Hübner Harald , Weikert Dorothee , Schaefer Natascha , Gmeiner Peter , Villmann Carmen , Pischetsrieder Monika , Müller Christian P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlcohol consumption is a widespread behaviour that may eventually result in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol, however, is rarely consumed in pure form but in fruit‐ or corn‐derived preparations, like beer. These preparations add other compounds to the consumption, which may critically modify alcohol intake and AUD risk. We investigated the effects of hordenine, a barley‐derived beer compound on alcohol use‐related behaviours. We found that the dopamine D2 receptor agonist hordenine (50 mg/kg) limited ongoing alcohol consumption and prophylactically diminished relapse drinking after withdrawal in mice. Although not having reinforcing effects on its own, hordenine blocked the establishment of alcohol‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP). However, it independently enhanced alcohol CPP retrieval. Hordenine had a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on locomotor activity. Chronic hordenine exposure enhanced monoamine tissue levels in many brain regions. Further characterization revealed monoaminergic binding sites of hordenine and found a strong binding on the serotonin and dopamine transporters, and dopamine D3, and adrenergic α1A and α2A receptor activation but no effects on GABAA receptor or glycinergic signalling. These findings suggest that natural ingredients of beer, like hordenine, may work as an inhibitory and use‐regulating factor by their modulation of monoaminergic signalling in the brain.
The effect of a preparation containing glycocholic acid on the biocidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in a biofilm laboratory model
Authors: Haddad Yoseif , Chan Wing Chuan , Ha William Nguyen , Conde Antonio , Estevez Roberto , Lopez Alejandro Peña , Gates Georgia Charlotte , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study assessed the antimicrobial effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixtures combined with Keratobacter (KB) using an engineered biofilm root canal model. Clinical and reagent grade NaOCl were mixed with KB (9:1‐vol/vol) to assess pH values over 1 min to select the ideal solution with a pH just below the pKa of hypochlorous acid. The samples were randomly divided into five groups: 1% and 4% NaOCl reagents, a mixture of NaOCl:KB using 1% and 4% NaOCl reagents and distilled water. Outcome measures were colony‐forming units (CFUs/mL) and positive/negative cultures. No significant differences were observed in the pairwise comparisons between 1%, 4% NaOCl and 4% NaOCl+KB for the outcome CFUs/mL. Only 4% NaOCl presented with negative cultures in all samples, whereas 1% NaOCl and 4% NaOCl+KB had similar results (54% vs. 40%). The addition of KB has a limited effect on the antimicrobial efficacy of 4% NaOCl in this laboratory model.
Shape analysis of fossa masseterica and processus coronoideus in domestic cats (Felis catus) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Gündemir Ozan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFossa masseterica, to which the musculus masseter is attached, is the pit on the lateral surface of the ramus mandibulae. Processus coronoideus is a protrusion on the upper part of fossa masseterica. Carnivores have a more developed fossa masseterica and a wider processus coronoideus than other species, due to their well‐developed jaw muscles. However, there is limited information about the differences of these two structures among carnivorous species. In this study, it was investigated whether fossa masseterica and processus coronoideus differ in shape in domestic cats and domestic dogs. For this purpose, 22 dogs and 20 cats were examined by 3D geometric morphometry. Eighty‐one landmarks were used on the fossa masseterica and processus coronoideus. The difference in centroid sizes and shape for cats and dogs was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). PC1 explained 26.47% of the total variance. It was seen that cats and dogs were completely separated according to PC1 results. In cats with a high PC1 value, the processus coronoideus was narrower than in dogs. Also, feline processus coronoideus was more curved than domestic canine processus coronoideus. In addition, the caudal inclination of processus coronoideus was deeper in dogs than in cats. Dogs had a negative PC1 value except for one sample (German Shepherd). The sample with the lowest PC1 value was the French Bulldog (female, 7 years, and 13 kg). Discriminant analysis results showed that the domestic cats and domestic dogs used in the study were completely separated from each other, and this difference was statistically significant. The results of this study showed that dogs with stronger jaw muscles had a deeper fossa masseterica and a wider processus coronoideus than cats.
Iron supplements in pregnant women with normal iron status: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hansen Rebecka , Sejer Emilie P. F. , Holm Charlotte , Schroll Jeppe B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionEffects of daily iron supplementation in iron replete pregnancy are unclear. This systematic review aimed to assess benefits and harms of oral iron supplements in pregnant women without anemia and iron deficiency.Material and methodsWe predefined and registered a protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42020186210) and performed the review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. We searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing daily oral iron supplementation with no iron supplements in non‐anemic iron replete pregnant women. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (by PubMed), EMBASE (by OVID), Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 2022 without language restrictions. Two authors independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2). One author read full‐texts, assessed certainty of evidence by GRADE and conducted meta‐analyses using a random‐effects model. Primary outcomes included iron deficiency anemia, iron deficiency, hemoglobin >130 g/L, elevated iron status, small for gestational age newborns, low birthweight newborns, preterm birth, and congenital anomalies.ResultsEight RCTs (2822 women) but no observational studies were eligible for inclusion. Daily oral iron supplementation in pregnancy probably reduces iron deficiency anemia at term (risk ratio [RR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38–0.70; 4 RCTs, 1670 women; I2 = 13%; moderate‐certainty evidence) and the incidence of low birthweight babies (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13–0.68; 2 RCTs, 361 infants; I2 = 0%; moderate‐certainty evidence). In addition, it may reduce iron deficiency at term (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.92; 4 RCTs, 1663 women; I2 = 58%; low‐certainty evidence) and the incidence of small for gestational age babies (RR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.86; 1 RCT, 213 infants; I2 not estimable; low‐certainty evidence).ConclusionsDaily iron supplementation in iron replete non‐anemic pregnant women probably reduces the risk of maternal iron deficiency anemia at term and low birthweight.