bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of air quality indicators for office environments: An overview
Authors: Čulić A , Nižetić S , Šolić P , Perković T , Ascione F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Air quality in office buildings has got an impact on working productivity as well as on the working satisfaction in office environments. Moreover, final effect can be linked with thermal comfort conditions since they have significant impact on energy consumption in offices. In this study various factors have been investigated and analysed in order to understand their impact on air quality and occupants’ satisfaction with the environmental conditions. The second perspective of the overview was focused on analysis of the air quality interconnection with thermal comfort conditions, since they are linked. The current issues as well as challenges in the field were also discussed within this investigation. The results of conducted research would be directly useful for more advanced consideration of personal air quality and thermal comfort conditions as vital aspect of smart and high-performance buildings.
The Effect of Improper Interfering in The Historical Architecture on Energy Wasting (Case Study: Bibi-Roqayyeh House, Yazd, Iran)
Authors: Yazdi H , Mügge G , Movafagh S , Fallahi MH , Ludwig F , Moazen S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intelligent traditional architecture in Iran functions as a sustainable system with the goal to achieve thermal comfort. Buildings in Iranian architecture have a strong connection with the surrounding buildings, making the city an integrated whole. Generally, it is said that it is not possible to remove any part of this system without affecting the whole system’s performance. This research shows how removing some components of the system could affect the energy consumption of the whole. the question raised in our research and the answer obtained through this simulation is essential for controlling and optimizing interventions in historic cities. The case study is the Bibi-Roqayyeh traditional house in Yazd, Iran. First, the energy performance of the building under real conditions is simulated in Design-Builder software. Next, the energy performance of the building without the neighbors, the SABAT, and the traditional high Parapet are simulated. Overall, the simulation results show an increase in the total energy consumption of the main building after removing the selected components. The total energy consumption of the house is increased by 21.81% when all neighbors, the SABAT, and the old Parapet are removed. Each part affects the thermal comfort and energy consumption of the building, even if its primary function is not related to the thermal system.
Urban heritage and the four pillars of sustainability: Urban-scale facility management in the World Heritage sites
Authors: Prabowo B N , Salaj A T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The discussion addressing sustainability issues of the World Heritage (WH) as cultural sites that holds outstanding universal values (OUV) has started to surface since the adoption of the “Strategic Action Plan for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention 2012-2022”, specifically in the third goal, which states that “heritage protection and conservation should consider present and future environmental, societal, and economic needs.” This goal aligned with the first three pillars of sustainability. After the introduction of “culture” as the fourth pillar of sustainability by UCLG in 2011, the issue of sustainability in the WH sites has drawn global attention. The balance of all four pillars of sustainability within protected sites can potentially be achieved by improving efficiencies through urban-scale facility management (Urban FM). The principles of Urban FM aligned with UNESCO’s recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, which is a holistic approach to managing historic sites. This study discusses aspects of managing urban-scale facilities in urban heritage areas and aims to shed light on the knowledge of Urban FM at WH sites by employing a literature review approach. The preliminary findings indicate that culture, the fourth pillar of sustainability, was involved and bound to the other three pillars: economic, social, and environmental. Within WH sites, urban-scale facility management needs to be considered seriously to ensure the protection of OUV that efficiently defines the existence of their status as World Heritage.
Energy retrofitting of heritage buildings: an integrated methodology
Authors: Kyritsi E , Philokyprou M , Kyriakidis A , Michael A , Michopoulos A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A resilient and sustainable way of life presupposes the reduction of the energy consumption and the relevant greenhouse gas (carbon) emissions. This approach leads to the establishment and implementation of various directives and regulations regarding the refurbishment of the existing building stock. Often, these regulations exclude heritage buildings due to the lack of robust methodologies which will ensure a balance between the energy retrofitting and preservation of the building’s heritage values. Heritage buildings however, host a variety of public uses and their holistic and successful energy upgrade could serve as an excellent example of a heritage building energy refurbishment to the community. Thus, there is an emerging need for developing such methodologies. This paper aims to propose an integrated methodology for the energy retrofitting of heritage buildings, based on a multi-criteria decision-making process for the selection of the appropriate retrofitting solutions considering simultaneously the heritage significance, the heritage and the energy impact.
Rose-inspired 3D 1T-MoS
x
/Ti3C2T
x
/TiO2 photocatalyst for water purification
Authors: Chen Lu , Qiang Taotao , Zhang Xiancheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The rose-inspired photocatalyst, 1T-MoS
x
/Ti3C2T
x
/TiO2, demonstrated exceptional activity in the simultaneous removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and methylene blue (MB), achieving high efficiencies of 97.7% and 97.2% respectively. Furthermore, it exhibited effective degradation of another dye, Rhodamine B (Rh.B). Scanning electron microscopy figures showed its unique nanoflower morphology. The introduction of titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2T
x
) and the formation of Schottky junctions can effectively prolong the carrier lifetime. The degradation path of MB was deduced by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, which confirmed the process of photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants. Compared to physical purification methods, it offers the advantage of not only removing pollutants but also degrading them. Furthermore, by utilizing MB as a sacrificial agent, the reduction can take place in a mild neutral environment, resulting in minimized secondary pollution. Through its distinctive three-dimensional structure and the Ti3C2T
x
cocatalyst, the 1T-MoS
x
/Ti3C2T
x
/TiO2 photocatalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity, and effective purification of wastewater containing Cr(VI) and organic dyes.
Investment casting of semi-solid 6063 aluminum alloy using the GISS process
Authors: Thanabumrungkul Sangop , Jumpol Waraporn , Meemongkol Napisphon , Wannasin Jessada 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Investment casting has long been known as a process that can produce complex parts with fine details. However, it has not been used widely for parts that need to be anodized and whose nonuniform color is affected by the type of cast aluminum. Although 6063 aluminum is widely used in color anodizing for decoration purposes, it is almost entirely wrought. Some studies have used aluminum 6063 in cast aluminum, but no investment casting studies have been reported. The objective of this work is to develop a new semi-solid investment casting process using 6063 aluminum alloys to achieve a cosmetic anodized workpiece. To study the feasibility of the gas-induced superheated slurry (GISS) investment casting process, the effects of rheocasting time, mold temperature, and vacuum assistance were investigated. The results showed that the samples produced using the GISS process had a uniform microstructure and less porosity. The uniform color after anodizing and coloring also confirmed these processes. From the results, it can be summarized that the GISS process is feasible for application in aluminum 6063 investment casting for anodizing and coloring purposes.
002 National clinical audit on the management of Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults
Authors: Tasker Fiona , Smith Steven P , Mustapa Firouz , de Berker David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
UK guidelines for the management of Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in adults, published by the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) in 2016, outline a set of audit standards (Creamer D, Walsh SA, Dziewulski P et al. U.K. guidelines for the management of Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults 2016. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:1194–227). Our aim was to audit the current management of SJS/TEN in adults against audit standards in the BAD guidelines. BAD members were invited to submit data on five consecutive adults with SJS/TEN per department over an 8-week period in 2022. All data were obtained from respondents using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet proforma returned to the BAD by email. No patient-identifiable data were requested. Initial data extraction was conducted using a novel and reproducible program written in the R statistical language (V3.7 and the readxl, ggplot2 and ggthemes packages). The data analysis was also performed using Microsoft Excel. Thirty-nine (29%) dermatology centres in the UK participated and data for 147 adults with SJS/TEN were collected. Within 24 h of a diagnosis being made or suspected, the following were documented: Severity-of-Illness Score for TEN (SCORTEN) for 52% (n = 76/147) of submitted cases, list of medications for 77% (n = 113) and timelines for commencement/alterations of medications for 71% (n = 104). Initial assessment was of the eyes (by an ophthalmologist) for 48% (n = 71) of cases, the mouth in 88% (n = 130), the genital skin in 70% (n = 103) and the urinary tract in 63% (n = 93). In the first 10 days after a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of SJS/TEN, daily assessments of the mouth were documented in 18% (n = 26) of cases, the eyes in 8% (n = 12) and the urinary tract and genital skin in 10% (n = 14). Documentation regarding advice on (i) avoidance of the culprit drug was present for 58% (n = 76/130) of cases and (ii) request for a medic alert bracelet/amulet in 6% (n = 9/147). In adults with SJS/TEN, drug causality assessment was documented adequately. Initial assessment of the mouth, eyes, urinary tract and genital skin was good to fair; however, daily assessments were poor. Other audit standards that require improving include documentation of SCORTEN and advice to avoid the culprit drug and request a medic alert bracelet/amulet. In adults with SJS/TEN, there are multiple points in the assessment pathway that require careful documentation and regular review. These are a challenge for many clinical inpatient environments. Care within a burns unit or similar may not be possible for all. This audit suggests that some form of assessment and clinical review checklist might enable colleagues to maintain standards outlined in the guideline. Among these, use of SCORTEN, advice to avoid the culprit drug and requests for a Medic Alert bracelet/amulet are key.
008 How often and how quickly do people with a first cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma develop further tumours? Analysis of national registry data between 2013 and 2020 in England
Authors: van Bodegraven Birgitta , Vernon Sally , Chen Cong , Harwood Catherine A , Matin Rubeta N , Proby Charlotte , Venables Zoe C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In England, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has an incidence rate of 85.2 per 100 000 person-years and over 30 000 new incident patients annually. Subsequent cSCC are common. Improved understanding of the frequency and time frames is important for cancer prevention, management guidelines and service provision. The aim of this study was to describe national cSCC accrual data in England. This retrospective cancer registry cohort study used data provided by the National Disease Registration Service. Cancer registrations are created from National Health Service (NHS) data feeds, primarily pathology reports from NHS laboratories. Patients with a first-ever registered cSCC during 2013–2015 were identified. All cSCC pathology reports from 2013 to 2020 were analysed in the 5 years following the first cSCC diagnosis date. To account for supplemental reporting and the possibility that two reports within a short time frame double count the same tumour (e.g. diagnostic biopsy followed by therapeutic excision), a washout period of 112 days (16 weeks) was used (i.e. cSCC was designated as a separate tumour when registration exceeded this period after the preceding cSCC diagnosis date). Sensitivity analysis assessed effects of several washout periods. Pathology reports were not reviewed, and a proportion of subsequent tumours may represent recurrences beyond the washout period or delayed treatment. A total of 79 301 first-ever cSCC tumours were registered. After applying the 112-day washout period, 22 225 subsequent tumours remained for analysis up to 2020. In total, 15 544 (19.6%), 4437 (5.6%) and 1426 (1.8%) of people developed a second, third and fourth cSCC tumour within 5 years, respectively. Within 1 year of the first-ever cSCC, 5676 (7.2%) patients had a second cSCC, increasing to 15.1% (n = 11 968) and 19.6% (n = 15 544) by years 3 and 5, respectively. The median interval between first and second cSCC was 550 days [interquartile range (IQR) 256–1046], second-to-third cSCC interval 392 days (IQR 219–708), third-to-fourth 283 days (IQR 175–492) and fourth-to-fifth 235 days (IQR 160–398). The accrual estimates are sensitive to the washout period. However, even with a 365-day washout period, 3.4% and 5.1% had developed a second cSCC by years 3 and 5, respectively. These data show that one in five patients will develop another cSCC within 5 years of their first-ever cSCC. Data on cSCC accrual rates are limited globally to single-centre or regional datasets. This national study provides detailed information on accrual rates in England, which are important for informing all aspects of clinical care, health service provision and design of future clinical trials for cSCC prevention.
CPC06 Congenital urticaria pigmentosa mistaken for nonaccidental injury
Authors: Porter Emma , Heffron Cynthia , Murphy Lesley Ann , O’Connor Cathal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A male infant presented to his general practitioner for a routine 6-week check. His parents reported the presence of tan–brown lesions since birth. The marks were uniform in colour, were present on the trunk, scalp and face, and were not overlying bony prominences. There was concern that these lesions represented bruising as a manifestation of nonaccidental injury (NAI), and urgent paediatric review was arranged. He was admitted for investigation of potential NAI, and dermatology consultation was sought. On examination, scattered reddish brown-to-tan macules and papules were noted on the torso and limbs, not overlying bony prominences. Darier sign was negative, although some reactive cutis marmorata was appreciable on the trunk following rubbing of multiple lesions. A diagnosis of urticaria pigmentosa (UP), or cutaneous mastocytosis, was made clinically. Skin biopsies demonstrated an infiltrate of spindled and round mast cells and scattered eosinophils within the superficial and mid-dermis, with immunohistochemistry positive for CD117, consistent with UP. Blood tests during admission showed a normal complete blood count and coagulation screen (including von Willebrand factor), normal renal and liver function, normal lactate dehydrogenase, normal immunoglobulins and normal mast cell tryptase. Cranial ultrasound and liver ultrasound were normal. Mastocytosis is a spectrum of disease characterized by pathological accumulation of mast cells in tissues, including skin, bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract. Cutaneous mastocytosis can be further classified as maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis, also known as UP, diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis and localized cutaneous mastocytomas. With UP, children typically present in the first 2 years of life with multiple reddish-brown macules, papules and/or plaques distributed anywhere on the body, most commonly the trunk. In darkly pigmented skin, lesions may be hyperpigmented and erythema less appreciable. Darier sign, a transient urticarial response upon gentle rubbing of the skin, is classic and supportive of diagnosis, although it is not always demonstrable. UP has rarely been reported to be misdiagnosed as NAI. Other ‘bruising’ mimics include disorders of coagulation, Valsalva petechiae, vasculitis, acute haemorrhagic oedema, incontinentia pigmenti, phytophotodermatitis, coin rubbing, spooning, cupping, Mongolian spots, morphoea, neuroblastoma and ink stains, some of which may be unfamiliar to paediatricians or dermatologists. Dermatologists have a crucial role in recognizing cutaneous manifestations of NAI in children, which commonly includes bruising, particularly in infants who are not yet mobile. While consideration of NAI is important in all children presenting for medical care, this case highlights the importance of considering underlying dermatoses to avoid unwarranted distress and unnecessary investigations.
P14 Bullous sweet syndrome as a presentation of chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Syed Zarnain Shah , Abbas Syeda Wajiha , Shaikh Usman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A variety of cutaneous lesions are frequently encountered in clinical practice that could be secondary to allergic reactions, infections or an underlying systemic illness, including malignancy. Some of the most commonly observed paraneoplastic dermatological manifestations include acanthosis nigricans, necrolytic migratory erythema, acrodermatitis paraneoplastica, exfoliative erythroderma, paraneoplastic pemphigus, pyoderma gangrenosum and Sweet syndrome. Sweet syndrome is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by a particular constellation of clinical symptoms, signs and histopathological findings: pyrexia; peripheral leucocytosis; and painful erythematous skin lesions (papules, plaques and nodules) that typically reveal a dense dermal neutrophilic infiltrate and dramatic recovery of both symptoms and physical findings following treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Sweet syndrome is frequently related to malignancies and chronic inflammatory disorders, and it can also be caused by drugs. It can also be triggered by past infections or during pregnancy. We present a case of bullous variant of Sweet syndrome associated with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) where the patient presented with crusted bullae and tender erythematous crusted plaques on all four limbs and face. Investigations revealed leucocytosis with peripherally circulating blasts, myelocytes and metamyelocytes. Skin biopsy revealed Sweet syndrome and bone marrow biopsy confirmed evidence of CML in the accelerated phase. The skin lesions, which had previously been resistant to therapy, surprisingly disappeared within 3 days of initiating systemic corticosteroids. In this case, the skin lesions were a crucial clinical finding in detecting and treating the underlying CML. Because of the early intervention, our patient had a good outcome.
P20 A mysterious case of recurrent malignant melanoma
Authors: Mandala Meghana , Awash Noor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A 74-year-old White man presented to community dermatology services in 2020 with one lesion on the right temple and one on the left forehead. These were investigated with punch biopsies and reported as benign intradermal melanocytic naevi. One year later, he was referred to our teledermatology clinic with a pink nodule on the right temple, which had never healed following the 2020 biopsy. The teledermatology photos were more in keeping with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and he was booked in for an excision. Histology reported the lesion as ulcerated invasive malignant melanoma (Breslow thickness 3.1 mm and mitotic figures). At this stage, previous biopsies from 2020 were reviewed and invasive malignant melanoma (MM) was confirmed. He was reviewed in the clinic and, on skin examination, he had a 7-mm BCC on the right upper nasal bridge. We found a small scar, but no lesions, on the left temple. He had areas of psoriasis on his elbows and knees. No organomegaly or lymphadenopathy was identified on systemic examination. He underwent wide local excision (WLE) of the right temple MM scar with sentinel lymph node biopsies from the right neck, which were negative. Initial radiological imaging did not show any metastases. Three-month follow-up computed tomography showed colon thickening, and the patient was diagnosed with hepatic flexure tumour, which was treated with right hemicolectomy. Further imaging showed no evidence of metastases. In September 2022, a new 6-mm, light-brown indentation was identified on the medial edge of the melanoma scar on the right temple. Initially, the biopsy results reported recurrent melanoma. Further histological slide review and immunochemical analysis demonstrated langerin with multinucleated histiocyte-like cell infiltrates and lymphohistiocytic inflammatory cell infiltrates; Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) was diagnosed. He underwent WLE of this lesion and positron emission tomography; we are still awaiting the results. He has been referred to a specialist haematology team and is awaiting further management. LCH is a rare, multisystem haematological disorder of the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. Existing case reports document LCH with concomitant presentations of myeloproliferative disorders, particularly myeloid leukaemias, or noncutaneous manifestations, including pulmonary presentations. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of LCH presenting exclusively with cutaneous manifestations clinically mimicking recurrent MM. The rare incidence and misleading presentation of LCH often results in its lack of consideration as a differential diagnosis for recurrent solitary skin lesions in adults. This case also highlights the diagnostic challenges and thorough investigation required for this unique condition.