bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stochastic model for evaluating the peaks of commodities' returns
Authors: Cerqueti Roy , Mattera Raffaele , Ramponi Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a probabilistic model for the evaluation of the peak components of the return of a commodity. The ground of the study lies in the evidence that the spikes in the returns are due to the shocks occurring in the external environment. We follow an approach based on a particular class of point processes—the Spatial Mixed Poisson Processes—by exploiting an invariance property for such a class. The theoretical framework is used for presenting an estimation the procedure of the returns based on the available information. An empirical instance based on different commodities' returns and the abnormal returns of the volatility index as external shocks are presented to motivate our theoretical approach.
Preparation and usage of nanomaterials in biomedicine
Authors: Zhang Yueyang , Ai Lisi , Gong Yongsheng , Jin Yanxia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanotechnology is one of the most promising and decisive technologies in the world. Nanomaterials, as the primary research aspect of nanotechnology, are quite different from macroscopic materials because of their unique optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal properties, and more robust mechanical properties, which make them play an essential role in the field of materials science, biomedical field, aerospace field, and environmental energy. Different preparation methods for nanomaterials have various physical and chemical properties and are widely used in different areas. In this review, we focused on the preparation methods, including chemical, physical, and biological methods due to the properties of nanomaterials. We mainly clarified the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different preparation methods. Then, we focused on the applications of nanomaterials in biomedicine, including biological detection, tumor diagnosis, and disease treatment, which provide a development trend and promising prospects for nanomaterials.
Polymeric solid dispersion enhances the equilibrium solubility and oral bioavailability of tegoprazan
Authors: Won Yong‐Hoon , Yang Ji‐Hyun , Hong Sun Ho , Goo Yoon Tae , Lee Sangkil , Choi Young Wook 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe recently developed water‐insoluble tegoprazan (TPZ) belongs to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II group was formulated through solid dispersion (SD) technology. SD formulations of TPZ were prepared using hydroxymethylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymers via the solvent evaporation method. SDs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder x‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the equilibrium solubility of SDs, in vitro dissolution, and in vivo bioavailability (BA) study in rats were performed. PXRD and DSC revealed that TPZ was successfully transformed to amorphous forms in SDs. The equilibrium solubility was enhanced by 15–18‐fold, and in vitro dissolution was improved by approximately 2.2‐fold. Consequently, the BA of TPZ was increased up to 2.1‐fold. In conclusion, the use of SDs of TPZ using HPMC and PVP are considered a potential strategy to improve the therapeutic effect of TPZ via enhanced dissolution and BA.
Downregulation of CCR5 on brain perivascular macrophages in simian immunodeficiency virus‐infected rhesus macaques
Authors: Hattler Julian B. , Irons Derek L. , Luo Jiangtao , Kim Woong‐Ki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundC‐C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a major coreceptor for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cell entry; however, its role in brain pathogenesis is largely understudied. Thus, we sought to examine cell type‐specific protein expression of CCR5 during SIV infection of the brain.MethodsWe examined occipital cortical tissue from uninfected rhesus macaques and SIV‐infected animals with or without encephalitis using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy to determine the number and distribution of CCR5‐positive cells.ResultsAn increase in the number of CCR5+ cells in the brain of SIV‐infected animals with encephalitis was accounted for by increased CD3+CD8+ cells expressing CCR5, but not by increased CCR5+ microglia or perivascular macrophages (PVMs), and a concurrent decrease in the percentage of CCR5+ PVMs was observed. Levels of CCR5 and SIV Gag p28 protein expression were examined on a per‐cell basis, and a significant, negative relationship was established indicating decreased CCR5 expression in productively infected cells. While investigating the endocytosis‐mediated CCR5 internalization as a mechanism for CCR5 downregulation, we found that phospho‐ERK1/2, an indicator of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, was colocalized with infected PVMs and that macrophages from infected animals showed significantly increased expression of clathrin heavy chain 1.ConclusionsThese findings show a shift in CCR5‐positive cell types in the brain during SIV pathogenesis with an increase in the number of CCR5+ CD8 T cells, and downregulated CCR5 expression on infected PVMs, likely through ERK1/2‐driven, clathrin‐mediated endocytosis.
Weak gluteus maximus and weak iliopsoas with normal gluteus maximus: Two complementary new signs to diagnose lower limb functional weakness
Authors: Sonoo Masahiro , Kanbayashi Takamichi , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Matsuno Hiromasa , Nakayama Takahiro , Imafuku Ichiro , Ando Tetsuo , Fukutake Toshio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe diagnosis of functional neurological disorder should be actively made based on the neurological signs. We described two new complementary signs to diagnose functional weakness of the lower limb, “weak gluteus maximus (weak GM)” and “weak Iliopsoas with normal gluteus maximus (weak iliopsoas with normal GM),” and tested their validity.MethodsThe tests comprised Medical Research Council (MRC) examinations of the iliopsoas and GM in the supine position. We retrospectively enrolled patients with functional weakness (FW) or structural weakness (SW) who presented with weakness of either iliopsoas or GM, or both. Weak GM means that the MRC score of GM is 4 or less. Its complementary sign, weak ilopsoas with normal GM, means that the MRC score of ilopsoas is 4 or less, whereas that of GM is 5.ResultsThirty‐one patients with FW and 72 patients with SW were enrolled. The weak GM sign was positive in all 31 patients with FW and in 11 patients with SW, that is, 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity. Therefore, the complementary sign, weak iliopsoas with normal GM, was 100% specific for SW.DiscussionAlthough 100% should be discounted considering limitations of this study, these signs will likely be helpful in differentiating between FW and SW in the general neurology setting. Downward pressing of the lower limb to the bed in the supine position is interpreted by the patient as an active movement exerted with an effort and might be preferentially impaired in FW.
The significance of programed cell death‐ligand 1 expression in vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Lee Se A , Chin Susie , Jung Shin , Lee Kyung‐Hwa , Moon Kyung‐Sub , Lee Jong Dae 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between programed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) has been investigated in a few studies. These published studies report a difference in the PD‐L1 positivity rate in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. We examined PD‐L1 expression and lymphocyte infiltration in patients with VS who had undergone surgical resection and investigated the association between PD‐L1 expression and clinicopathological features.MethodsThe expression of PD‐L1, CD8, and Ki‐67 in 40 VS tissue specimens was investigated using immunohistochemistry, and a clinical review of the patients was performed.ResultsOf the 40 VS samples, 23 (57.5%) were positive for PD‐L1 and 22 (55%) were positive for CD8. No significant differences in age, tumor size, pure‐tone audiometry, speech discrimination, or Ki‐67 expression were observed between patients in the PD‐L1‐positive and PD‐L1‐negative groups. A higher level of CD8‐positive cell infiltration was observed in PD‐L1‐positive tumors than in PD‐L1‐negative tumors.ConclusionWe demonstrated that PD‐L1 was expressed in VS tissues. Although no correlation was identified between clinical characteristics and PD‐L1 expression, the association between PD‐L1 and CD8 was confirmed. Thus, additional research on targeting PD‐L1 is necessary to improve immunotherapy for VS in the future.
Arginine metabolism key enzymes affect the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome by interfering with macrophage polarization
Authors: Ou Yang , Yang Yan , Li Xuefeng , Zhang Xin , Zhao Lei , Yang Chenlu , Wu Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionImmune factors contribute to the onset of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Arginine metabolism affects tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) polarization. This study investigated the infiltration of TAMs and effect of arginine metabolism key enzymes on MDS prognosis.MethodsWe used the GEO (Gene Express Omnibus database) dataset “GSE19429” to analyze and compare metabolism‐associated pathways between MDS patients with excess blasts and those without. The markers of TAMs and arginine metabolism key enzymes, including CD68, iNOS, ARG1 and ASS1 were included in this study. A cohort of 79 patients with acute myeloid leukemia or MDS extracted from GenomicScape's online data mining platform was used to analyze the prognostic significance of the mRNA levels. Fifty‐eight patients with primary MDS admitted to Sichuan University's West China Hospital from 2013 to 2017 were evaluated for protein levels. The coexpression of CD68, iNOS, and ARG1 was investigated using an Opal polychromatic immunofluorescence kit.ResultsThe “Arginine and proline metabolism” pathways (padjusted = 0.01) were associated with excess blasts in patients with MDS. In the mRNA expression cohort, patients with low NOS2 (or iNOS) and high ARG1, ASS1, and CD68 expression levels had worse prognosis. Patients with high CD68 (p = 0.01), high iNOS (p < 0.01), low ARG1 (p = 0.01), and negative ASS1 (p = 0.02) protein expression levels had better prognoses. iNOS and ARG1 were coexpressed with CD68 in MDS patients with or without excess blasts, respectively.ConclusionsArginine metabolism may contribute to the prognosis of patients with MDS by affecting TAM polarization.
The role of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection in bone‐metastatic prostate cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhai Tingshuai , Ma Jinliang , Liu Yi , Li Haitao , Peng Yanli , Guo Wenmin , Jia Jiedong , Wu Xiaolin , Jiang Huanrong , Tian Jun , Wang Dongwen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundsThe role of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (cRP) for bone‐metastatic prostate cancer (bmPCa) remains controversial. We aimed to figure out whether cRP and lymph node dissection (LND) can benefit bmPCa.Methods11,271 PCa patients with bone metastatic burden from 2010 to 2019 were identified using SEER‐Medicare. Overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rates were visualized using Kaplan–Meier plots. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were constructed to examine the effects of cRP and LND on survival, after stratifying to age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), clinical stages, Gleason score, metastatic burden, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy status.Results317 PCa patients underwent cRP and cRP was increasingly performed for bmPCa from 2010 (2.2%) to 2019 (3.0%) (p < 0.05). In multi analyses, cRP was predisposed to a better OS or CSS in patients with age < 75, PSA < 98 ng/mL, bone‐only metastatic sites or patients not receiving chemotherapy (all p < 0.05). For the patients undergoing cRP, LND especially extended LND was associated with a better OS or CSS (all p < 0.05).ConclusionscRP might benefit OS or CSS in young patients with low PSA and bone‐only metastatic sites not receiving chemotherapy. And a clear OS or CSS benefit of LND especially extended LND was observed in patients undergoing cRP.
Cognitive engagement with AI‐enabled technologies and value creation in healthcare
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Vrontis Demetris , Pallonetto Fabiano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the potential for artificial intelligence (AI)‐enabled technologies in healthcare, their benefits are limited owing to the numerous challenges of cognitive engagement. This research paper explores the factors of “cognitive engagement with AI‐enabled technologies” and its impact on the customers' benefits and value creation. A mixed‐method study was utilized in the Indian health‐care setup where AI‐based technology is developing. The qualitative findings shed light on the factors of cognitive engagement with AI‐enabled technologies. Grounded on the theories of customer benefit, an integrative framework of customer‐perceived financial, experiential, psychological, and functional benefits, alongside perceived instrumental and terminal values, was developed. The quantitative findings of PLS‐SEM explain the dynamics of the patients' cognitive engagement with AI‐enabled technologies. The results enrich a more nuanced understanding of how the patient benefits of AI applications have different impacts on perceived value. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications.
Liberatory community college leadership: Education, decolonization, and emancipation
Authors: Bush Edward C. , Buul Abdimalik A. , Breland Byron D. Clift 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBuilding from Freire's ideas of liberatory education in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Carter G. Woodson's The Mis‐Education of the Negro, and Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, we outline a new and audacious approach in this chapter, in hopes that it will better position a more transformative and revolutionary approach for community college leaders to profoundly address the systemic inequities that exist in their colleges. Additionally, we critically examine current notions related to the principal tenets of equity‐minded leadership that are currently couched in anti‐racist frameworks, arguing for the need for leadership approaches rooted instead in liberatory ideas. Current anti‐racist frames are limited and ultimately fall short of producing the type of leadership that will lead to the deep systemic change necessary to dismantle, decolonize, and reconstruct systems that are rooted in institutional racism and colonialism. Our views are shaped both by scholarship and our holistic multifaceted experience. We draw from a variety of our own experiences and knowledge as community college leaders, including serving as college president, chancellor, and faculty, who have worked in rural, urban, and suburban institutions and both private and public and single and multi‐district campuses. Our analysis is rooted in our collective practitioner knowledge and commitment to social justice to examine radical leadership and its impact on campus culture.
Turning points: My journey to lead CCCSE in today's evolving world
Authors: García Linda L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLinda L. García never imagined she would one day lead the Center for Community College Student Engagement (CCCSE). In fact, she never dreamed of earning a doctoral degree. As children, Linda and her siblings constantly heard from their parents—a father who grew up as a migrant worker and a mother who immigrated to the United States from Hualahuises, Mexico—that enrolling in college after high school graduation was the only choice to pursue. Little did she know that people and situations along her journey would become “turning points” that prepared and led her to be the first Latina executive director of CCCSE. In this reflective chapter, Linda shares in detail how those past and current “turning points” continue to guide her in not only leading an organization focused on the student experience, but steering it through a pandemic, a time of social unrest, and an amplified focus on equity.
A case report of Bart syndrome
Authors: Sharif Seyed Amirabbas , Mohammadzadeh Alieh , Heidari Mohammad Mahdi , Por Rasoul Etesam 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageBart syndrome is a rare condition characterized by epidermolysis bullosa (EB), aplasia cutis (AC), and nail abnormalities. Aplasia cutis congenita type VI was first described in 1966 by Bart et al. This article reports a case of Bart syndrome with ear malformation in a male Afghan newborn. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of Bart syndrome reported in an Afghan family.
Selective Electrocatalyzed Reduction of CO2 to Formate by Mononuclear Mo(Diimine)(CO)4 Complexes
Authors: Yin Minyang , Chandy Sruthy K. , Bowers Scott A. , Raghavachari Krishnan , Li Liang‐Shi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of CO2 to value‐added products is an attractive approach to mitigating environmental impacts caused by human consumption of fossil fuels. While many molecular complexes have shown excellent selectivity in reducing CO2 to CO, herein we report on mononuclear Mo(Diimine)(CO)4 complexes that can electrocatalyze CO2 reduction to formate with high selectivity. By increasing conjugation size of the diimine ligands we achieved a faradaic efficiency of 93 (±5) % with an overpotential of 0.2 V.
Research trends in the application of big data in smart cities—A literature review
Authors: Abdelrahman Youssef , Hajek Petr , Lubica Hikkerova 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we review articles published in academic journals. in the last 5 years at the intersection of big data and the smart city context. Based on a dataset of 192 articles, we use content analysis to identify recent trends and future research directions. The most influential research areas identified include using big data analytics, electric vehicle integration, and citizen‐centric big data, while the most recent research area that emerged is green space. Our results highlight how big data can influence eight different dimensions of smart cities, with smart mobility attracting the most attention from researchers in the application of big data in smart cities. In contrast, smart people and smart economy are the least explored dimensions from this perspective.
A comparison of basic color terms in Mandarin and Spanish
Authors: Xu Mingshan , Zhu Jingtao , Benítez‐Burraco Antonio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBasic perceptual abilities are universal, and most people can distinguish between millions of distinct shades. However, languages differ in the set of basic color terms (BCTs) they have. Despite numerous prior studies, the exact number of BCTs in Mandarin (Sino‐Tibetan) and Spanish (Indo‐European) is still debated. In Mandarin, this number varies from 6 to 11, whereas in Spanish there are about 11 or 12 BCTs. Additionally, differences between these two languages can be expected with regard to the differing usage of BCTs in reference to color, as well as the naming strategies used for specifying references. To clarify this, we recruited a group of Mainland Mandarin speakers and a group of Castilian Spanish speakers and assessed them in two related tasks: the list task, in which participants were asked to write down as many color names as they could recall; and the color‐naming task, in which they were asked to name color chips from the Munsell color chart that were presented randomly. Our results suggest that Mandarin has nine BCTs, while Spanish has 12 BCTs. Furthermore, we found that Mandarin speakers use more modified terms and compounds to achieve precise color reference, whereas Spanish speakers rely more on monomorphemic non‐basic terms. Finally, we observed that Mandarin speakers use some colors (gray, blue, and purple) less consistently; although, the color space is partitioned similarly by these two languages. Our results reinforce the view that there are universal constraints on color naming that are compatible with subtle cross‐cultural differences in how colors are used.
The Bessel kernel determinant on large intervals and Birkhoff's ergodic theorem
Authors: Blackstone Elliot , Charlier Christophe , Lenells Jonatan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Bessel process models the local eigenvalue statistics near 0 of certain large positive definite matrices. In this work, we consider the probability
where and is any non‐negative integer. We obtain asymptotics for this probability as the size of the intervals becomes large, up to and including the oscillations of order 1. In these asymptotics, the most intricate term is a one‐dimensional integral along a linear flow on a g‐dimensional torus, whose integrand involves ratios of Riemann θ‐functions associated to a genus g Riemann surface. We simplify this integral in two generic cases: (a) If the flow is ergodic, we compute the leading term in the asymptotics of this integral explicitly using Birkhoff's ergodic theorem. (b) If the linear flow has certain “good Diophantine properties”, we obtain improved estimates on the error term in the asymptotics of this integral. In the case when the flow is both ergodic and has “good Diophantine properties” (which is always the case for , and “almost always” the case for ), these results can be combined, yielding particularly precise and explicit large gap asymptotics.
Predicting a New Δ‐Proton Sponge‐Base of 4,12‐Dihydrogen‐4,8,12‐triazatriangulene through Proton Affinity, Aromatic Stabilization Energy, and Aromatic Magnetism
Authors: Al‐Yassiri Muntadar A. H. , Puchta Ralph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, we report designing a new Δ (delta‐shaped) proton sponge base of 4,12‐dihydrogen‐4,8,12‐triazatriangulene (compound 1) and calculating its proton affinity (PA), aromatic stabilization, natural bond orbital (NBO), electron density ρ(r), Laplacian of electron density ∇2ρ(r), (2D‐3D) multidimensional off‐nucleus magnetic shielding (σzz(r) and σiso(r)), and scanning nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICSzz and NICS). Density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p), ωB97XD/6‐311+G(d,p), and PW91/def2TZVP were used to compute the magnetic shielding variables. In addition, relevant bases like pyridine, quinoline, and acridine were also studied and compared. The protonation of compound 1 yields a highly symmetric carbocation of three Hückel benzenic rings. Comparing our findings of the studied molecules showed that compound 1 precedes others in PA, aromatic isomerization stabilization energy, and basicity. Therefore, the basicity may be enhanced when a conjugate acid gains higher aromatic features than its unprotonated base. Both multidimensional σzz(r) and σiso(r) off‐nucleus magnetic shieldings outperformed electron‐based techniques and can visually monitor changes in aromaticity that occur by protonation. The B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p), ωB97XD/6‐311+G(d,p), and PW91/def2TZVP levels showed no significant differences in detailing isochemical shielding surfaces.
Actinide‐Actinide Bonding: Electron Delocalisation and σ‐Aromaticity in the Tri‐Thorium Cluster [{Th(η8‐C8H8)(μ‐Cl)2}3K2]
Authors: Tomeček Josef , Liddle Stephen T. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe tri‐thorium cluster [{Th(η8‐C8H8)(μ3‐Cl)2}3{K(THF)2}2]∞ (Nature 2021, 598, 72–75) was reported to feature intriguing σ‐aromatic bonding between the thorium atoms, a mode of metal–metal bonding unique in the actinide series. However, the presence of this bonding motif has since been challenged by others. Here, we computationally explore electron delocalisation in a molecular cluster fragment of [{Th(η8‐C8H8)(μ3‐Cl)2}3{K(THF)2}2]∞ and examine its responses to an applied magnetic field using a variety of methods. We also discuss the importance of the choice of basis set for the Th atoms and issues regarding locating QTAIM bond critical points. When taken together, the computed data consistently suggest the presence of delocalised Th−Th bonding and Th3 σ‐aromaticity.