bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between red blood cell distribution width and the prognosis of brain death in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale < 6
Authors: Latifi Marzieh , Rahban Habib , Pourhosein Elahe , Shostak Daniel , Dehghani Sanaz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRed blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been reported as a meaningful prognostic factor in various diseases. Our study compared patients’ RDW levels and prognosis at admission and discharge time. A total of 128 patients 77 patients who suffered brain death (subject group), and 51 patients who were discharged from the hospital (control group) with GCS ≤ 6 were recruited from 60 hospitals for this study. Demographical data and RDW measurements in these patients at admission time and brain death/discharge time were extracted into two groups. 46 (35.9%) patients were females and 82 patients (64.1%) were males with a median age of 36 years old. A significant difference in baseline characteristics of GCS (P < 0.001), RDW at admission time (P < 0.001), and RDW at discharge or brain death time (P < 0.001) were noted between the two groups. In the overall population, RDW at admission time had a median value of 13.75% and was positively correlated with gender (P < 0.04, rs = 0.582) and age (P < 0.023, rs = − 0.201). Initially, there were no significant differences in RDW upon admission. However, upon discharge, although the RDW in the control group was not significant (P < 0. 1), the RDW level at the time of brain death was notably 0.45 fold higher (P = 0.001) compared to the time of admission. The standardized residuals at the two-time points showed an approximately normal distribution. The most effective RDW cut-off in Brain death was determined as 14.55. Based on the findings, using RDW as a prognostic factor has a sensitivity of 0.468 and a specificity of 0.137 in diagnosing brain death. RDW biomarker is a simple and inexpensive laboratory test that may be seen as a valuable perspective for initial patient evaluation. RDW is a powerful marker for the prognosis of brain death in patients with a GCS ≤ 6 at admission time, in order to identify a subset of patients who may require more aggressive management in the trauma center.
Economic potential of essential oil production from New Zealand-grown Eucalyptus bosistoana
Authors: Rajapaksha Chamira , Greaves Paul , Altaner Clemens M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFarm foresters and other growers are establishing a ground-durable hardwood resource, including the emerging plantation species Eucalyptus bosistoana in New Zealand. The foliage of this species contains essential oils in quantity and quality suitable for commercial extraction. Essential oil production could improve the economic viability of E. bosistoana plantations, diversifying the grower’s income and providing an early revenue stream. This study assessed the economic potential for essential oil production from New Zealand grown E. bosistoana plantations. A sensitivity analysis indicated that uncertainty of leaf biomass availability, genetic as well as seasonal changes in oil content, and fluctuations in essential oil price are equally important on the viability of an essential oil operation. Small-scale essential oil production could be sustainably supplied with foliage from thinning and pruning operations sourced from the envisaged regional planting programmes and commence in 3–5 years. A large-scale operation could be supplied when trees will be harvested. Lastly, based on the operational costs of a domestic small-scale essential oil producer, oil value from E. bosistoana would exceed the cost of production.
Memory capacity and prioritization in female mice
Authors: Qiao Qinbo , Mairlot Caroline , Bendor Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOur brain’s capacity for memory storage may be vast but is still finite. Given that we cannot remember the entirety of our experiences, how does our brain select what to remember and what to forget? Much like the triage of a hospital’s emergency room, where urgent cases are prioritized and less critical patients receive delayed or even no care, the brain is believed to go through a similar process of memory triage. Recent salient memories are prioritized for consolidation, which helps create stable, long-term representations in the brain; less salient memories receive a lower priority, and are eventually forgotten if not sufficiently consolidated (Stickgold and Walker in Nat Neurosci 16(2):139–145, 2013). While rodents are a primary model for studying memory consolidation, common behavioral tests typically rely on a limited number of items or contexts, well within the memory capacity of the subject. A memory test allowing us to exceed an animal’s memory capacity is key to investigating how memories are selectively strengthened or forgotten. Here we report a new serial novel object recognition task designed to measure memory capacity and prioritization, which we test and validate using female mice.
The Sendai river terraces monitored the co-seismic mega-thrusting
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Ito Hisatoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe conducted a detailed geological survey of the Sendai region, covering an area of 100 × 50 km. Our survey focused on accurately mapping river terraces, identifying the source volcanoes responsible for intercalated tephras, and locating the Nagamachi-Rifu fault and associated faults. The river terraces were observed and categorized based on their elevation relative to the present river channels. These terraces are predominantly found on the hanging wall of major reverse faults. Each terrace comprises fluvial gravels at the lower levels and eolian loam intercalated with local and regional tephras at higher levels, with the contact age corresponding to the time of emergence. To determine the ages of the terrace gravels, we employed a combination of zircon U–Pb dating, sedimentation rate calculations, and extrapolation techniques. This allowed us to establish the abandonment or emergent dates of the terraces. The formation of these terraces coincided with periods of fault activity, including hanging wall uplift, footwall subsidence, and fault vertical displacement, effectively monitoring the co-seismicity of the Nagamachi-Rifu fault. While we cannot predict the exact timing of future events, it is crucial to remain vigilant regarding the potential occurrence of a significant earthquake triggered by these fault activities.
Infants’ representations of the infant body in the first year of life: a preferential looking time study
Authors: Rigato Silvia , Filippetti Maria Laura , de Klerk Carina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRepresenting others’ bodies is of fundamental importance for interacting with our environment, yet little is known about how body representations develop. Previous research suggests that infants have expectations about the typical structure of human bodies from relatively early in life, but that these expectations are dependent on how closely the stimuli resemble the bodies infants are exposed to in daily life. Yet, all previous studies used images of adult human bodies, and therefore it is unknown whether infants’ representations of infant bodies follow a similar developmental trajectory. In this study we investigated whether infants have expectations about the relative size of infant body parts in a preferential looking study using typical and disproportional infant bodies. We recorded the looking behaviour of three groups of infants between 5 and 14 months of age while they watched images of upright and inverted infant bodies, typical and proportionally distorted, and also collected data on participants’ locomotor abilities. Our results showed that infants of all ages looked equally at the typical and proportionally distorted infant body stimuli in both the upright and inverted conditions, and that their looking behaviour was unrelated to their locomotor skills. These findings suggest that infants may need additional visual experience with infant bodies to develop expectations about their typical proportions.
Tracking variations in daily questionable health behaviors and their psychological roots: a preregistered experience sampling study
Authors: Lazarević L. B. , Knežević G. , Purić D. , Teovanović P. , Petrović M. B. , Ninković M. , Živanović M. , Stanković S. , Branković M. , Lukić P. , Opačić G. , Žeželj I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeople resort to various questionable health practices to preserve or regain health - they intentionally do not adhere to medical recommendations (e.g. self-medicate or modify the prescribed therapies; iNAR), or use traditional/complementary/alternative (TCAM) medicine. As retrospective reports overestimate adherence and suffer from recall and desirability bias, we tracked the variations in daily questionable health behaviors and compared them to their retrospectively reported lifetime use. We also preregistered and explored their relations to a wide set of psychological predictors - distal (personality traits and basic thinking dispositions) and proximal (different unfounded beliefs and biases grouped under the term irrational mindset). A community sample (N = 224) tracked daily engagement in iNAR and TCAM use for 14 days, resulting in 3136 data points. We observed a high rate of questionable health practices over the 14 days; daily engagement rates roughly corresponded to lifetime ones. Both iNAR and TCAM were weakly, but robustly positively related. Independent of the assessment method, an irrational mindset was the most important predictor of TCAM use. For iNAR, however, psychological predictors emerged as relevant only when assessed retrospectively. Our study offers insight into questionable health behaviors from both a within and between-person perspective and highlights the importance of their psychological roots.
Estimation of the flow rate of pyrolysis gasoline, ethylene, and propylene in an industrial olefin plant using machine learning approaches
Authors: Abdi Jafar , Mazloom Golshan , Hadavimoghaddam Fahimeh , Hemmati-Sarapardeh Abdolhossein , Esmaeili-Faraj Seyyed Hamid , Bolhasani Akbar , Karamian Soroush , Hosseini Shahin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLight olefins, as the backbone of the chemical and petrochemical industries, are produced mainly via steam cracking route. Prediction the of effects of operating variables on the product yield distribution through the mechanistic approaches is complex and requires long time. While increasing in the industrial automation and the availability of the high throughput data, the machine learning approaches have gained much attention due to the simplicity and less required computational efforts. In this study, the potential capability of four powerful machine learning models, i.e., Multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, adaptive boosting-support vector regression (AdaBoost-SVR), recurrent neural network (RNN), and deep belief network (DBN) was investigated to predict the product distribution of an olefin plant in industrial scale. In this regard, an extensive data set including 1184 actual data points were gathered during four successive years under various practical conditions. 24 varying independent parameters, including flow rates of different feedstock, numbers of active furnaces, and coil outlet temperatures, were chosen as the input variables of the models and the outputs were the flow rates of the main products, i.e., pyrolysis gasoline, ethylene, and propylene. The accuracy of the models was assessed by different statistical techniques. Based on the obtained results, the RNN model accurately predicted the main product flow rates with average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE) and determination coefficient (R2) values of 1.94% and 0.97, 1.29% and 0.99, 0.70% and 0.99 for pyrolysis gasoline, propylene, and ethylene, respectively. The influence of the various parameters on the products flow rate (estimated by the RNN model) was studied by the relevancy factor calculation. Accordingly, the number of furnaces in service and the flow rates of some feedstock had more positive impacts on the outputs. In addition, the effects of different operating conditions on the propylene/ethylene (P/E) ratio as a cracking severity factor were also discussed. This research proved that intelligent approaches, despite being simple and straightforward, can predict complex unit performance. Thus, they can be efficiently utilized to control and optimize different industrial-scale units.
Investigation of factors influencing low physical activity levels in community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hida Mitsumasa , Imai Ryota , Nakamura Misa , Nakao Hidetoshi , Kitagawa Kodai , Wada Chikamune , Eto Shinji , Takeda Masatoshi , Imaoka Masakazu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLow levels of physical activity in individuals with chronic pain can lead to additional functional impairment and disability. This study aims to investigate the predictors of low physical activity levels in individuals with chronic pain, and to determine the accuracy of the artificial neural network used to analyze these predictors. Community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain (n = 103) were surveyed for their physical activity levels and classified into low, moderate, or high physical activity level groups. Chronic pain-related measurements, physical function assessment, and clinical history, which all influence physical activity, were also taken at the same time. Logistic regression analysis and analysis of multilayer perceptron, an artificial neural network algorithm, were performed. Both analyses revealed that history of falls was a predictor of low levels of physical activity in community-dwelling older adults. Multilayer perceptron analysis was shown to have excellent accuracy. Our results emphasize the importance of fall prevention in improving the physical activity levels of community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain. Future cross-sectional studies should compare multiple analysis methods to show results with improved accuracy.
Potential of circulating receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 levels as a marker of acute liver injury
Authors: Kondo Takayuki , Fujimoto Kentaro , Fujiwara Kisako , Yumita Sae , Ishino Takamasa , Ogawa Keita , Nakagawa Miyuki , Iwanaga Terunao , Koroki Keisuke , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Inoue Masanori , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kanogawa Naoya , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Nakamoto Shingo , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Kato Jun , Fujiwara Keiichi , Kato Naoya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe pathogenesis of acute liver failure (ALF) involves cell death. Necroptosis is a newly suggested programmed cell death, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) has been reported as a marker for necroptosis. However, there are few reports on necroptosis in ALF. Therefore, we evaluated the role of cell death markers such as cytokeratin (CK) 18, cleaved CK (cCK) 18, and RIPK3 in ALF, as well as cytokines and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Seventy-one hospitalized patients with acute liver injury (38 nonsevere hepatitis [non-SH]/22 severe hepatitis [SH]/11 ALF) were studied. No significant difference was found for cytokines, but a substantial increase in HGF levels was found following the severity of hepatitis. The non-SH group had lower levels of CK18 and cCK18 than the SH/ALF group. RIPK3 was significantly lower in the non-SH/SH group than in the ALF group. HGF, RIPK3, and albumin levels were found to be important predictive variables. The present study suggests that cCK18, CK18, and RIPK3 are associated with the severity of hepatitis. RIPK3 and other markers related cell death may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of ALF and as a prognostic marker of acute liver injury.
Engineering receptor-mediated transmembrane signaling in artificial and living cells
Authors: Shi Ke , Song Chuwen , Wang Yayi , Chandrawati Rona , Lin Yiyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiving cells possess a variety of transmembrane signaling systems that receive chemical and physical cues from the environment and transduce this information into an intracellular signal that triggers downstream cellular responses. This Review aims to present recent advances in the design of bioinspired systems that mimic transmembrane signaling in synthetic and living cells. We summarize the building of cell-like membranous structures and the construction of interfacial recognition between chemical or biological components. After introducing two main mechanisms of signal transduction in biology through receptor tyrosine kinase and G‐protein coupled receptors, we then highlight the possibility of mimicking transmembrane signaling with transducer integrated systems. We survey the potential for applying supramolecular materials (e.g., DNA origami, polypeptide structures and polymer scaffolds) to interact with surface receptors on the plasma membrane, providing an avenue for the application of therapeutics.
The Impact of Age and Psychosocial Factors on Cognitive and Auditory Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Slade Kate , Davies Robert , Pennington Charlotte R. , Plack Christopher J. , Nuttall Helen E. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
In March 2020, the U.K. government announced that people should isolate to reduce the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. Outside a pandemic, psychosocial factors, such as socialization and mental health, may impact the relationship between hearing loss and increased dementia risk. We aim to report the impact of psychosocial factors, including social isolation, depression, and engagement in activities, on hearing and cognitive function in younger and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

An online survey and experiment assessed self-reported psychosocial factors, self-reported hearing ability and speech-in-noise perception, and cognition. Data were collected between June 2020 and February 2021. Older (
n
= 112,

M
age

= 70.08) and younger (
n
= 121,

M
age

= 20.52) monolingual speakers of English, without any language or neurological disorders participated. Multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate hypothesized associations between psychosocial factors, and hearing and cognition, in older and younger adults.

Results:
Multiple regression analyses indicated that older adults displayed poorer speech-in-noise perception and poorer performance on one of four cognitive tasks, compared with younger adults; increased depression was associated with poorer subjective hearing. Other psychosocial factors did not significantly predict hearing or cognitive function.

Conclusions:
Data suggest that self-reported hearing and depression are related. This conclusion is important for understanding the associations between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the long term, as both hearing loss and depression are risk factors for dementia.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23810838
Lumped parameter thermal model for segmental translator linear switched reluctance motor
Authors: Golzarzadeh Milad , Oraee Hashem , Ganji Babak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe segmental translator linear switched reluctance motor (STLSRM) is a special type of linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) that has more output power than its conventional type. Therefore, it can be a good choice for certain applications. Heat is one of the factors limiting the output in machines. Therefore, predicting the thermal distribution of machine is as important as the magnetic design. A comprehensive thermal model is presented based on the lumped parameter approach for STLSRM, which predicts temperature distribution in different parts of this motor, including slot winding, end‐winding, stator pole, stator yoke, and the moving part. Considering that the proposed thermal model depends on dimensions and materials used in machine, it can be used for other designs of the STLSRM. The presented thermal model is applied to a typical STLSRM and temperature is determined in its different parts. The simulation results are then compared with the results of 3‐D thermal modelling based on the finite element method (FEM) for validation.
A Model for Estimating Post-Dilution Hematocrit with Minimal Blood Loss
Authors: Fletcher Robert W. 
Published: August 2023

A hematocrit estimator model (HEM) for post dilutional hematocrit prior to cardiopulmonary bypass is presented. The estimator model was tested on 75 adult patients, whose ages range from 36–81 years with a median age of 62.4, undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
The estimator model allows an accurate and efficient determination of the hematocrit, after the patient receives large volumes of non-heamic fluid, based on a retrospective analysis of our patient database.
Clinical Evaluation of the Gas Transfer of the Bentley 10 Plus Bubble Oxygenator during Alpha-Stat Regulated Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Stinkens D. , Van den fonteyne F. , Alleman J. , Van Cauwelaert Ph. , Theunissen W. , Himpe D. , Alexander J.P. , Muylae Ph. 
Published: August 2023

The gas transfer performance of the Bentley 10 Plusa bubble oxygenator was clinically investigated. 26 consenting adult patients undergoing either Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts (CABG) or valve replacement were perfused using this oxygenating system and moderate hypothermia. Mean body surface area (BSA) was 1.78 square meters ranging from 1.38 to 2.12. During bypass blood flow was maintained at 2.4 1/m2/min. We aimed for an arterial pO2 between 100 and 200 mmHg and an arterial pCO2 between 35 and 45 mmHg. Arterial pO2 was adjusted mainly by the pO2 control valve setting and pCO2 by total gas flow.
The blood gas result shows clearly the controllability of the PaO2 and the PaCO2. The mean PaO2 for all the procedures was 154 ± 38 mmHg and the mean PaCO2 was 39.7 ± mmHg.
The results of this study demonstrate that the correct use of the Bentley 10 Plusa bubble oxygenator during alpha-stat regulated hypothermic (26–30°C) CPB allows control of the PaO2 and PaCO2 levels within preset ranges.
Supported Angioplasty: A New Contribution for Extra-Corporeal Circulation Technology
Authors: Riley Jeffrey B , Litzie A Kenneth , Overlie Paul A , Justison George A , Soronen Scott W , Berryessa Richard G , Crowley Jeffrey C 
Published: August 2023

To date there have been no fewer than seven palliative treatments for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The expanding role of interventional cardiology in the treatment of patients with severe coronary artery disease will result in a mandatory and significant allocation of perfusion services dedicated to the catheterization laboratory.
Historical, and now more recent data, indicate that femoro-femoral bypass can be utilized as a resuscitative tool and as an adjunct to interventional cardiology techniques. The role of the perfusion team in the catheterization lab will evolve and expand along with the growing application of interventional cardiology techniques.
A Technique to Improve the Estimation of Hemoglobin Percent Oxygen Saturation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Riley Jeffrey B. , Cassingham C. Vaughn , Justison George A. , Hilal N.S. , Crowley Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2023

Algorithms that estimate hemoglobin percent O2 saturation (%Hb·O2) from pH, pO2, and temperature assume a normal patient hemoglobin P50 equal to about 27 mmHg. Ischemic cardiac and peripheral vascular disease patients do not have P50s near normal.
A new continuous pH and blood gas monitor allows the user to evaluate and employ the patient's pre-CPB P50 to estimate the subsequent %Hb·O2. The P50 %Hb·O2 algorithm estimate was calculated retrospectively for a normal patient blood gas data set and the % error between the estimate and a cooximeter measurement correlated well with the patient P50 (r = .976).
The patient P50 %Hb·O2 algorithm estimate was compared to simultaneous in line %Hb·O2 readings (r = .42), a cooximeter measurement (r = .673), and a blood gas analyzer %Hb·O2 (assumes normal P50) estimate (r = .589). To employ a pre-CPB patient P50 value to estimate %Hb·O2 should improve the predicting power of a %Hb·O2 estimating algorithm during CPB.