bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes and conditions of thefts in Russia at the present stage
Authors: Ксения Николаевна Радченко, 
Published: January 2023

Собственность во все времена развития нашего государства была предметом, в отношении которого складывались особые общественные отношения. Это обусловлено желанием граждан обладать той или иной собственностью. Некоторые делают это на законных основаниях, согласно предписаниям гражданского законодательства, а некоторые идут по преступному пути незаконного приобретения собственности. Последний представляет особую опасность, поскольку нарушает права и законные интересы граждан, общества и государства. Целью исследования является комплексный анализ детерминантов преступлений против собственности, в частности краж, в России и классификация их по различным основаниям. Методологической основой исследования выступили такие общенаучные методы, как диалектический метод, метод анализа, синтеза, индукции, дедукции, а также частнонаучные методы - сравнительно-аналитический, статистический, историко-правовой, формально-юридический. В исследовании опровергается тезис о том, что чем выше доход населения, тем меньше совершается преступлений против собственности, в том числе в форме кражи. Сопоставив нестабильность уровня доходов населения и планомерное снижение количества совершаемых краж, нельзя говорить об их корреляции. За период с 2016 по 2020 г. уровень доходов населения имел показатели роста только в 2018 и 2019 годах, в то время как количество совершаемых краж снижалось начиная с 2016 г. (рост отмечен только в 2019 г.).
Property at all times of the development of our state has been a subject in relation to which special social relations have developed. This is due to the desire of citizens to own this or that property. Some do it legally, according to the requirements of civil legislation, and some follow the criminal path of illegal acquisition of property. The latter is particularly dangerous because it violates the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, society and the state. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of crimes against property, in particular theft, in Russia and their classification on various grounds. The methodological basis of the research was such general scientific methods as the dialectical method, the method of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as private scientific methods - comparative-analytical, statistical, historical-legal, formal-legal. The study refutes the thesis that the higher the income of the population, the fewer crimes against property, including theft, are committed. Comparing the instability of the income level of the population and the systematic decrease in the number of thefts committed, it is impossible to talk about their correlation. For the period from 2016 to 2020, the income level of the population increased only in 2018 and 2019, while the number of thefts decreased starting in 2016 (the increase was noted only in 2019).
Illegal organ transplantation in international criminal law
Authors: Вадим Андреевич Чукреев, 
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с криминализацией незаконной торговли органами в международном уголовном праве, особенности регламентации этого вопроса на международном уровне, а также систематизированы основные правовые подходы к данной проблеме.
The article deals with issues related to the criminalization of illegal organ trafficking in international criminal law, the features of regulating this issue at the international level, and systematizes the main legal approaches to this problem.
Improvement of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of public procurement carried out through a tender
Authors: Валерий Александрович Перов, , Анна Анатольевна Шибанова, 
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются особенности использования критериев оценки эффективности государственных закупок, осуществленных путем проведения конкурса в рамках государственных закупок с целью определения поставщика с учетом изменений, вступивших в силу в 2022 году. Представлены результаты анализа отдельных показателей данной процедуры и других конкурентных процедур определения поставщика (подрядчика, исполнителя). Особое внимание уделяется механизму осуществления конкурсов, как наиболее универсального способа определения лучшего поставщика и подрядчика в современных условиях с учетом особенностей, преимуществ и недостатков, присущих данному способу, отмечены основные этапы и сроки осуществления конкурса. Также представлены результаты исследования эволюции данного способа определения поставщика в рамках реализации государственных закупок в постсоветский период.
The article discusses the features of using the criteria for assessing the effectiveness in the implementation of tenders in the framework of public procurement in order to determine the supplier, taking into account the changes that came into force in 2022. The results of the analysis of individual indicators of this procedure and other procedures for determining the supplier are presented. The authors pay special attention to the mechanism of tenders, as the most universal way to determine the best supplier and contractor in modern conditions, taking into account the features, advantages and disadvantages inherent in this method, and note the main stages and timing of the competition. The article also presents the results of a study of the evolution of this method of determining a supplier in the framework of public procurement in the post-Soviet period.
The main means of differentiating responsibility for economic crimes
Authors: Анастасия Константиновна Якубенко, 
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются наиболее распространенные средства дифференциации ответственности за экономические преступления, используемые в нормах Общей и Особенной части Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. Актуальность настоящей работы характеризуется неопределенностью законодательного решения по поводу общественной опасности экономических преступлений и ее законодательного закрепления. Общий тренд современной уголовной политики направлен на гуманизацию уголовного законодательства, что должно привести к смягчению уголовной ответственности. Реализация данной политики наиболее ярко отразилась на практике уголовно-правового противодействия экономической преступности. Но на протяжении многих лет эффект ее качественного предупреждения не наблюдается. Рассматриваемые проблемы заключаются в установлении круга средств дифференциации уголовной ответственности за экономические преступления, их практического использования и влияния на динамику изменения показателей экономической преступности. Основной задачей государства в борьбе с экономической преступностью является обеспечение возмещения имущественного вреда, который был причинен в результате совершения преступления. Такой вектор уголовной политики обеспечивает «мягкость» негативного воздействия на преступника и российский бизнес в целом, но при этом далеко не исключает совершения повторных преступлений в сфере экономики.
The article discusses the most common means of differentiating responsibility for economic crimes used in the norms of the General and Special Parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this work is characterized by the uncertainty of the legislative decision on the public danger of economic crimes and its legislative consolidation. The general trend of modern criminal policy is aimed at the humanization of criminal legislation, which should lead to the mitigation of criminal liability. The implementation of this policy most clearly reflected in the practice of criminal law counteraction to economic crime. However, over the years, there is no effect of its prevention. The problems under consideration lie in the establishment of a range of means of differentiating criminal liability for economic crimes, their practical use and influence on the dynamics of changes in economic crime indicators. The main task of the state in the fight against economic crime is to ensure compensation for property damage that was caused as a result of a crime. Such a vector of criminal policy ensures the “softness” of the negative impact on the offender and Russian business as a whole, but at the same time does not exclude the commission of repeated crimes in the economic sphere.
Frequency of hidden Hepatitis B and C during screening in patients’ undergone surgical procedures: Single Centered study
Authors: Hussain Arsalan , Hussain Afzal , Afzal M Faheem , Hussain Rutaba , Hameed Maryam 
Published: January 2023

Hepatitis is the serious health related concern and spreading rapidly specifically in developing countries, it also led to liver related diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. While liver disease is an important health problem and having high health cost and leads to poor quality of life and dependency. Objectives: To determine the Incidence of hidden Hepatitis B and C during screening in patients’ undergone surgical procedures reported in a single center. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Innovative Health Concepts & Research center by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. The duration of study was 8 months from December 2021 to August 2022 and the study included those subjects who admitted in hospital for some surgical procedure and both genders aged between 25 to 60 years. Those subjects who have multiple neurological or musculoskeletal or endocrinological condition and came for the 2nd procedure were excluded from the study. Ethical permission was sought from Board of Advance Studies and Expert Review Board of Innovative Health Concepts Hospital (ASRRB/IHC&RC/RH/MED/Letter-003). The assessment for hepatitis B, HCV, and HIV was done through blood test. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 26. Results: The results of study showed mean age of subjects was 43.47±10.17, mean weight was 71.35±10.78. The result showed 04% prevalence of hepatitis B, 4.9% prevalence of hepatitis C and no case reported of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is very low frequency of hepatitis B and C found in subjects undergone surgical procedures
Causes and Precaution of Breast Cancer Among Women
Authors: Roman Al Ala Durrani Muhammad , Imran Khan Muhammad , Yawer Ali Shah Syed , Jamil Muhammad , Khan Alamgir , Zafar Iqbal Butt Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

Cancer is one of the severe health problems recognized around the globe. As a primary health concern, causes and precautionary measures are still unknown to the public. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the available literature to unpin the causes and precautionary measures of breast cancers among women. The available literature indicates that heredity, ageing, obesity, alcohol use, smoking, radiation exposure and hormone replacement therapy are the common causes of breast cancer among women. The literature also suggests that avoiding the use of alcohol, smoking, physical inactivity, maintaining weight, limiting postmenopausal hormone therapy etc., are the best precautionary measures for consumers among women.
Physical Activity as an Element of Health Life Style among High School Children’s: an Analytical Approach
Authors: Chaudhary Ausaf , Mahmood Sana , Jamil Muhammad , Khan Alamgir , Zafar Iqbal Butt Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

Physical inactivity is one of the most alarming health indicators in the world. Physical activity and fitness levels decline worldwide among children and adolescents. The use of electronic entertainment in Pakistan affects the activity levels of students. Objectives: To compare physical activity levels of urban and rural high school children using analytical study. Methods: A cross-section study was conducted on 200 government high school children (ages 12-16 years) in Rawalpindi city, Pakistan. Data on physical fitness were collected through different physical fitness tests and BMI by measuring height and weight. Physical activity was assessed through physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-A) and a youth physical activity questionnaire (Y-PAQ). Results: Analysis of study in term of different fitness shows that the mean score of pushups was 14.9050±8.91704, and the mean for standing vertical jump was 28.3700±5.35035. The mean of the 30-meter sprint was 4.3667±.34039, and the mean of sit and reach test was 27.7700±4.09401. The mean of the handstand was 3.8600±9.02038. Conclusions: Based on the findings, the researcher concluded that physical activity and physical fitness levels are low in rural and urban high school children. Still, there is no significant difference in physical activity and physical fitness levels between rural and urban high school children. The rural students were better in height and weight, but the BMI rate was higher in urban students.
Relationship of Oral Health Literacy with Decision-making in Dental Treatment Planning among Urban Population of Lahore
Authors: Alamgir Wajiha , Tariq Shanzay , Haider Adeel , Jabbar Uzma , Sarwar Arfa , Abrar Faheem 
Published: January 2023

In clinical settings, dentists frequently come across patients with variable oral health literacy, and they are not always able to tell which patients might comprehend with health-related explanations and instructions. Objective: To calculate oral health literacy level of patients reporting for dental treatment and correlation of the aforementioned with patients’ decision-making capacity regarding dental treatment. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with a pilot study on 60 patients in University Dental Hospital, University of Lahore through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Sample of 200 patients was collected over a period of five months (June 2022-October 2022). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Study was divided into two phases; in Phase I, REALD-30 scale was used. Phase-II involved individuals scoring 11-30 points on REALD-30 scale and who had to complete a self-administered 5-point Likert scale questionnaire with eleven closed-ended items in order to determine their level of decision-making. Results: Study revealed that there was significant association between Oral Health Literacy Level with getting prior information concerning dental issue (p=0.032), ability to appraise the decided treatment plan (p=0.033) and opinion regarding follow up visits (p=0.026). Conclusions: The results of the current study revealed a tenuous link between education, employment position, oral health literacy, and decision-making regarding dental treatment strategy. Effective patient-dentist communication generates strong link between the two leading to compliance of patients with treatment plan suggested by experts
Prevalence of Coccydynia Among Postpartum Women
Authors: Arif Abida , Sardar Soha , Farah Gilani Maymoonah , Muneer Rashida , Naz Aqsa , Manzoor Nosheen , Kashif Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

Coccydynia is a painful condition of the coccyx that can have various etiologies. Females are affected five times more than males by this condition. In addition to being chronic and difficult to manage, its symptoms can be detrimental to quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence of coccydynia among postpartum women. Methods: In this study, 881 postpartum women were selected through non probability convenience sampling from obstetrics and gynecology ward of Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Self-structured questionnaire was used which contains different sections; section 1 contains Demographic information of the participants; section 2 contains subjective and Objective assessment. Two tests straight leg raise and per rectal were performed confirm coccydynia. SPSS version 21.0 were used to enter and analysis the data. Results: Test According to SLR test, 396(45%) were positive and 485(55%) were negative in SLR test. According to PR test, 538(61%) were positive and 343(39%) were negative in PR test. The finding of the study shows that 538(61%) postpartum females have coccydynia. A significant relationship was found between Coccydynia and the method of delivery (p<.005), position with less pain (p<.001), and intensity of pain (<p.001). Conclusions: Coccydynia is most commonly found in postpartum women based on the results of this study. Coccydynia was also significantly associated with the method of delivery, the position with less pain, and the intensity of the pain during childbirth
Comparison of Cervical Vertebral Maturation with Fishman’s Skeletal Maturity Index Method in Assessment of Growth Status
Authors: Ul Hassan Faizan , Ayub Ali , Hussain Nadeem , Hussain Sarfaraz , Khalid Memon Madiha , Ali Rizvi Ausaf , Ayman Bokhari Saba , Mehmood Shah Ahsan , Shams Salman 
Published: January 2023

Assessment of skeletal maturity is paramount for orthodontists since optimal use and effectiveness of orthodontic and orthopedic appliances depends on it. Objective: To compare the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) with Fishman’s hand wrist radiograph (HWR) method in assessment of growth status. Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontics department at the Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar on 100 participants. The patients with 9 to 15 years of age, relatively well aligned arches, both genders, mild to moderate skeletal discrepancy, minimal dental compensations, vertical normal angle, and without temporomandibular joint disorders were included. Along with age and gender, stages of HWR and CVM were recorded. HWRs were acquired by standardized method and lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position. The staging of HWR was done by using Fishman method while CVM staging. Comparison of CVM stages and Fishmann’s HWR stages were done using chi-square test. Results: The mean age was 11.79 ± 1.62 years. The females were 53(53%) and males were 47(47%). Most common stage of CVM was III (n=33, 33%) followed by IV (n=27, 27%). Similarly, common stage of hand wrist radiograph was III (n=32, 32%) followed by IV (n=28, 28%).There was no statistically significant different between two methods for assessing skeletal growth status (p=0.697). Conclusions: Cervical vertebral maturation can have used as an alternative to hand wrist radiograph for growth assessment without an extra radiation
Scenario of HIV infection in Pakistan
Authors: Jawad Ahmed Fridoon 
Published: January 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which was previously lethal, has evolved into a chronic disease that may be treated and well-managed. HIV levels in the bloodstream may become undetectable with antiretroviral therapy (ART). All those providing care for people living with HIV should be aware of the risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment, acute HIV infection, possible opportunistic infections, and malignancies. Preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis regimens allow for preventive treatment. Home healthcare specialists can help people follow their drug schedules, assess the effectiveness of their treatments, and identify HIV problems and ART side effects. The ability to support, inform, and counsel people living with HIV and their families is most crucial [1].
Approximately 38.9 million people worldwide were living with HIV, 25.4 million had access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), 1.7 million had just recently contracted the virus, and 690,000 had passed away from AIDS-related illnesses, according to a Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS 2020 report. Although Pakistan's national HIV/AIDS control program was established in 1987, the number of new HIV/AIDS cases has been rising quickly ever since. In Pakistan, 160,000 people were living with HIV/AIDS as of 2018, yet only 10% of them were receiving ART. 3 Increasing people with HIV/AIDS' access to ART has a number of positive effects, including delaying the advancement of the disease, extending life expectancy, and enhancing people's quality of life and mental health [2].
"More than 1,000 new HIV cases are reported each month from all four provinces, including the capitol city Islamabad, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit Baltistan. This demonstrates unequivocally that homosexuals, persons who inject drugs, male, female, and transgender sex workers, and other critical demographics are now spreading HIV to the broader community. During the final 10 months of 2022, 9,773 people in Pakistan had HIV tests that were positive, casting significant doubt on HIV preventive and control initiatives and amply demonstrating the spread of HIV from important populations to the general public. New HIV infections account for a sizable portion of low-risk males, females, and clients of critical communities, showing an increase in HIV transmission to bridging populations [3].
The increased rate of HIV in Pakistan pose a risk to a healthy population, blood recipients etc. Therefore, surrounding communities should also be checked for HIV. The government should direct public education campaigns in coordination with NGOs. To prevent any future epidemics, barbers and unlicensed health professionals in remote regions should receive training.
IMPACT OF OPERATIONAL COSTS OF OPERATIONAL INCOME (BOPO), CAPITAL CAPABILITY RATIO AND MUSYARAKAH FINANCING ON THE PROFITABILITY OF SHARIA COMMERCIAL BANKS 2016-2021
Authors: Kuraeni Anis , Isnaeni Fil 
Published: January 2023

This research seeks to reveal the relationship between operating costs of operating income, the ratio of capital adequacy and musyarakah financing to the profitability of Islamic/Sharia commercial banks. The independent variables used in this study are operating income operating costs (BOPO), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Musyarakah Financing and the dependent variables used in this study are the profitability value of Islamic commercial banks. The method used in this study is a quantitative method where the data is in the form of a report officially published by the Financial Services Authority (OJK). From the results of the processing data, it was discovered that there was a relationship and contribution of independent variables to dependent variables, this was seen from the Coefficient of Determination Test with a value of 66%, hence operating costs of operating income, capital adequacy ratio and musyarakah financing on profitability is seen from the results of the T test and F test where both have a value of < 0.05, which means that the variables BOPO, Capital Adequacy and Musyarakah Financing simultaneously or separately have the same results, namely inter-mediated and related.
Water Quality Management Guidelines to Reduce Mortality Rate of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus) Fingerlings Raised in Outdoor Earthen Ponds with a Recirculating Aquaculture System Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Matondang Putra Ali Syahbana , Taparhudee Wara , Yoonpundh Ruangvit , Jongjaraunsuk Roongparit 
Published: January 2023

Machine learning techniques have been widely adopted over the last few decades, especially in fisheries. This study aimed to determine the best practice of machine learning techniques with a decision tree algorithm in reducing the mortality rate of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus) fingerlings raised in outdoor earthen ponds with a recirculating aquaculture system. The study phase begins with collecting water quality parameters. The parameters were measured in the form of dissolved oxygen (mg L-1), pH, temperature (°C), total ammonia nitrogen (mg L-1), nitrite-nitrogen (mg L-1), alkalinity (mg L-1), transparency (cm), and mortality rate (fish day-1). Data Modelling was carried out using 10-fold cross-validation. The results of the performance measurement obtained an accuracy of 89.67% with ± 5.11% (micro average: 89.60%), a precision of 86.71% ± 18.02% (micro average: 80.00%), and recall of 72.50% ± 24.86% (micro average: 71.79%), with the most influential water quality parameter being nitrite-nitrogen (mg L-1). Based on the results of this study show that data classification using a decision tree algorithm can be used as a reference to determine the decisions or actions of fish farmers in reducing the mortality rate of red tilapia fingerlings raised in outdoor earthen ponds with a recirculating aquaculture system.