bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The T cell senescence in breast cancer
Authors:   , Denariyakoon Sikrit 
Published: September 2023

Background: The cancer-immune cell crosstalk is a common immune-evasion mechanism of cancer. This crosstalk can result in epigenetic changes in immune phenotypes to accelerate tumor growth and metastasis. Senescent T lymphocytes are formed during T cell differentiation, and are recently described as one of the dysfunctional T cells in cancer. In breast cancer, estrogen does not only regulate normal physiology in females, but is also involved in cancer development and cancer treatment. It may also attenuate senescent phenotypes, and increase DNA damage in several cell-lines. This thesis therefore examined for the presence of senescent T lymphocytes in breast cancer patients, the effects of breast cancer on epigenetic changes in circulating immune cells, and the effects of estrogen hormones on senescent T lymphocytes.

Methods: The in-vitro co-culture of cancer sera and normal leukocytes were examined for the methylation level by COBRA Alu technique. Senescent T cells were examined for β-galactosidase, CD28, and CD57 in breast cancer patients by flow cytometry technique. In addition, cellular senescence models were created by adding etoposide. Addition of estrogen hormones were performed in cellular senescence models, and DNA damage markers, including phospho-γH2AX, p53, and p21 were examined by flow cytometry. The statistical significance was considered as p-value < 0.05. The analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software.

Results: The breast cancer serum was found to epigenetically modify to normal leukocytes. The aging-associated epigenetic changes were correlated with cancer prognosis. In clinical samples, the non-exhausted senescent phenotypes were correlated with the progression of age, and the increase in these phenotypes was found in breast cancer patients. Moreover, these senescent phenotypes were prematurely presented in breast cancer patients. In cellular senescence models, the supplement of estrogen improved senescent phenotypes, and seemed to have DNA damage attenuation effects.
Screening of Clostridium sp. For biohydrogen production from synthetic wastewater
Authors:   , Srimawong Chonticha 
Published: September 2023

In this work, bacteria that can produce endospores were isolated from natural sources and industrial wastes, including mangrove forests, hot springs, and coconut factories. The bacterial isolates were identified as Clostridium spp. and Panibacillus spp. based on 16S RNA gene. When comparing the H2 produced by batch fermentation, two of the isolates with the best H2 production were selected for further study, namely CUEA01 and CUEA03. After genomics analysis, it was discovered that CUEA01 is a novel species named C. hydrogenum, and CUEA03 is C. felsineum. Both are capable of growing and producing H2 in alkaline conditions. The genomics data reveal that they contain genetic information capable of encoding a variety of enzymes that aid in the process of H2 production and also carbon source utilization. Following optimization of the H2 production conditions for the two species, it was discovered that CUEA01 produced the highest cumulative H2 yield of 3264 mL/L (3.11 molH2/molglucose) at 37 °C, pH 8, and 10 g/L of the initial carbon source, while CUEA03 is 5425 mL/L (1.70 molH2/molglucose) at 72 h of incubation was obtained from an initial glucose concentration of 35 g/L, pH 9, and an incubation temperature of 30 °C. Furthermore, different carbon sources were used as substrates to evaluate their feasibility of usage, and the results demonstrated that these species could secrete an effective enzyme capable of digesting various carbon sources to produce H2 gas. Moreover, industrial by-products and agricultural residues have been employed as feedstocks to produce H2 instead of simple sugar. It was found that CUEA01 was able to produce H2 from the three wastes and was able to produce H2 at an amount of 4639 mL/L from molasses and 4024 mL/L from cassava pulp, while CUEA03 could produce 5187 mL/L from molasses. Thus, this study indicates that both microorganisms have the potential to be used to produce H2 from organic wastes, which will help integrate bioprocesses into waste treatment and clean energy production, which can help fulfill future fuel generation goals.
Expression of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) during orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors:   , Jindarojanakul Phanchanit 
Published: September 2023

Hypoxia induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in periodontal tissues. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an enzyme protecting cells from ROS. This study investigated SOD3 expression and function during rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and in hypoxia-exposed rat PDL cells. OTM of right maxillary first molars were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats for 1 and 14 days (n = 6 per group). SOD3 and HIF-1α expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. SOD3 effects on cell viability and proliferation, ROS production, and mRNA expression of Hif-1α, Rankl, and Opg in PDL cells and osteoclast differentiation were investigated under normoxia and hypoxia. SOD3 expression in PDL tissues decreased on compression side on day 1 and on both sides on day 14. HIF-1α levels significantly increased on compression side on day 14. Cell viability, cell proliferation, and Opg mRNA expression decreased, whereas ROS production and Hif-1α and Rankl mRNA expression increased in SOD3-silenced PDL cells. Hypoxia reduced Sod3 and Opg mRNA expression and increased ROS, Rankl mRNA expression, and osteoclast formation; SOD3 treatment attenuated these effects. Therefore, SOD3 plays a role in periodontal remodelling during OTM and in hypoxia-exposed PDL cells through ROS, HIF-1α, and RANKL/OPG pathways.
Improving chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds
Authors:   , Lomcharoenwong Tarika 
Published: September 2023

Phenolic compounds are important chemicals and are applied in many fields. Moreover, they are found as contaminants in the environment. This research aimed to improve the chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds and was divided into two parts. The first part focused on improving the separation of a mixture containing eighteen phenols using gas chromatography with derivatized cyclodextrin stationary phases. Results showed that all three cyclodextrin-based stationary phases, with different ring sizes, improved the separation of the mixture in comparison to polysiloxane OV-1701 stationary phase. The best separation was obtained from the small-size alpha-cyclodextrin with a capillary column of 15-meter long and a temperature program from 130 to 220 °C. Complete separation of all 18 phenols was obtained in 9.4 minutes. Some incomplete separations were observed when beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin stationary phases were used. The second part investigated optimum conditions for bisphenol A analysis using TLC combined with MALDI-TOF MS. These conditions included the use of graphene as a matrix, laser concentrations of 50% nitrogen, and a graphene-to-analyte ratio of 1:1. To validate the quantitative method, a suitable concentration range for BPA analysis using TLC combined with MALDI-TOF MS was determined to be 80 to 160 mM (or 18.3 to 36.5 µg), with an acceptable linear regression value (R2 = 0.9634).
Effect of vernonia cinerea lozenges as a smoking cessation aid in patients with non-communicable diseases
Authors:   , Bunditanukul Krittin 
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of Vernonia Cinerea (VC) lozenges on smoking cessation when compared with a placebo.
Methods: This study is designed as a randomized, paralleled, double-blinded, controlled trial. Ninety-three patients who are the age 18 years or over at five hospitals and two community pharmacies were randomized to receive VC lozenges (n=45) or placebo (n=48) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome in this study is the continuous abstinence rate (CARs) at 4 and 12 weeks after the quit date.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in CARs rates at week 4 in the study and the control group (18% vs 3%; p = 0.083; Odds ratio [OR] 6.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] (0.78-60.47)). There was also no statistically significant difference in CARs rates at week 12 in the research and the control group (14% vs 4%; p = 0.244; OR 3.84, 95% CI 0.40-36.86). The most common adverse events in the study group were tongue numbness , dry mouth, and anorexia.
Conclusion: The study’s findings show that VC lozenges do not increase smoking cessation rates.
Development of an extraction method of mucuna pruriens seeds for a chemically and physically stable extract
Authors:   , Vilairat Chayarit 
Published: September 2023

Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, it derives from chemical synthesis and plants, especially Mucuna Pruriens (MP) seeds. The results of clinical studies found using the L-DOPA-containing MP for the treatment of PD could reduce side effects more than the synthetic one but patients must take MP powder in high amounts per a single dose which may cause inconvenience. Therefore, using the extract can help in the reduction of the dose. Unfortunately, the water extract from the MP seeds can be easily degraded physically and chemically; especially the physical appearance e.g., darkening color, melting, or a solid lump. Moreover, the reduction of L-DOPA content in the extract was commonly observed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an extraction procedure to solve these problems. This study aimed to modify the extraction of MP using the traditional acidification approach to obtain a higher stable MP extract by comparing the extraction efficiency of a set of previously studied acid solutions (hydrochloric acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid) and acid extraction from Phyllanthus emblica water (PE), which has antioxidant effects and is also useful in treating PD as well. From the comparative extraction results of the two strains of MP seeds, it was found that the amount of levodopa was not statistically different. While using the sonication-assisted extraction method can improve the extraction efficiency. When comparing different acid solutions used for extraction, it was found that PE yielded an extract with a similar amount of levodopa as using hydrochloric acid as the control solution, and also helps to maintain the quality of the extract when stored under the accelerated condition for 12 months. In addition, qualitative analysis of chemicals in PEW and MP extracted with PE by HPTLC and HPLC techniques revealed that L-DOPA in the MP extract did not interfere with the chemicals in PEW. All these studies showed that PEW is beneficial for the L-DOPA extraction process and is a safe natural solvent. The obtained extract can be used as a starting material for herbal products.
Chemical constituents and nitric oxide inhibitory activity of capparis micracantha and maerua siamensis
Authors:   , Nukulkit Sasiwimon 
Published: September 2023

The chemical investigation of two plants in Capparaceae family, which are Capparis micracantha and Maerua siamensis, leads to the isolation of 13 compounds. The structures of the isolates were elucidated using spectroscopy techniques and comparison of the previous reports. Of five known compounds from the stems of C. micracantha were an indole alkaloid (methyl 6-methoxy-3-indolecarbonate), a benzoic acid derivative (vanillic acid), a lignan [(−)-syringaresinol], and two stilbene dimers [(+)-ampelopsin A and (−)-pauciflorol E]. In addition, eight new indole alkaloids named (+)-maeruanitrile A, maeruanitrile B, maeroximes A-C and maeruabisindoles A-C were isolated from the roots of M. siamensis,. All isolates were tested for inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells compared with a positive control (indomethacin). (−)-Pauciflorol E and methyl 6-methoxy-3-indolecarbonate from C. micracantha stems exhibited half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 123.40 ± 4.51 and 198.00 ± 5.57 µM, respectively. Moreover, maeruabisindoles B - C, maeroxime C, (+)-maeruanitrile A and maeruanitrile B from M. siamensis roots showed IC50 values of 31.1±1.04, 56.7 ± 2.2, 92.2 ± 5.1, 186.4 ± 13.0 and 186.8 ± 13.3 µM, respectively, while the IC50 of indomethacin was in the range of 150.0 - 166.3 µM. This study supports the use of C. micracantha stems and M. siamensis roots for anti-inflammation according to Thai traditional medicine knowledge.
Random walks on quasi-1d infinite structures
Authors:   , Sasom Srawut 
Published: September 2023

In the present thesis a random walk on quasi-1d lattices as a model for transport processes on quasi-1d materials is analytically investigated. The scope of the present work is to shed light on the asymptotic behavior of basic statistical properties of the random walk on such structures including the first and the second moments of the walker location along the structure axis, the probability of return to the starting site, the probability of ever reach a given site, the conditional mean first-passage time to a given site and the expected number of distinct sites visited.

The first part of the thesis deals with developing a method for obtaining these basic properties by employing the concepts of generating functions and the Fourier-Laplace transform. Based on this developed method, in the remaining parts, the random walks on different quasi-1d lattices, i.e., a perfect-1d lattice, branched lattices, ladder lattices and cylindrical lattices, and their feasible applications are discussed.
Standardization and DNA barcoding of cannabis in Thailand and pharmacological properties of cannabis-based Thai traditional medicine formula extract (Kealomkeasan)
Authors:   , Nakkliang Kanittha 
Published: September 2023

Cannabis sativa L. subsp. Indica (Cannabaceae) has been used as a medicinal plant in various aspects. C. sativa has been part of Thai medicine for more than three centuries and its Ingredients in herbal medicine recipe. Kealomkeasan (KLKS) remedy is one of the Thai traditional medicines, consists of seven plants with an unequal part by weight (1:2:3:4:5:20:40) as follows: Cuminum cyminum L. fruits, Nigella sativa L. seeds, Foeniculum vulgare Miller fruits, Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizomes, Plumbago indica L. roots, Cannabis sativa L. leaves and Piper nigrum L. seeds for relief of muscle pain and anti-inflammation. Recently, medical cannabis was officially legalized for research and medical purpose in Thailand. Therefore, scientific evidence to support the use of medical cannabis is still limited. This study was divided the aim of the study into 3 parts; 1. To evaluate and develop a pharmacognostic standardization of C. sativa leaves collected from 12 various locations of Thailand according to WHO guidance including pharmacognostic specification, macroscopic-microscopic examination, TLC fingerprinting, physicochemical parameter, and preliminary phytochemical screening using standard methods. 2. To establish DNA barcoding of C. sativa from 20 samples and suggested the most suitable one for C. sativa identification. 3. To evaluate in vitro biological activities of ethanolic extract of KLKS remedy including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and acute toxicity activities. The results indicated that 1. pharmacognostic standardization evaluation of the loss on drying, water content, total ash and acid insoluble ash were 4.07 ± 0.09, 7.95 ± 0.12, 14.36± 0.13, 2.73 ± 0.09% , respectively. Water and ethanol extractive vales were 11.10 ± 0.15 and 23.04 ± 0.16%, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the present of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids and diterpenes. 2. Establishing DNA barcoding of 20 samples of C. sativa from three candidate DNA regions (ITS, matK, and rbcL), the phylogenetic tree was constructed and genetic distance was investigated using a maximum likelihood and the result found that the ITS region was suitable marker for C. sativa species identification. 3. In vitro biological activities of ethanolic extract of KLKS remedy, the results indicated that KLKS remedy and its ingredients showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. The ethanolic extract of KLKS remedy against brine shrimp lethality tasting showed week toxicity (LC50 = 503.13 µg/ml) whereas each ingredient of KLKS remedy showed median toxicity to non-toxic (LC50 = 150.07 - > 1,000 µg/ml). The finding results provide highly useful information for establishing standardization and identification of C. sativa leaves, and also contribute to the quality control, safety and effectiveness of medical cannabis for health benefits.
Brand communication with transmedia storytelling of Riot Games: transmedia engagement, brand attitudes, and brand experience.
Authors:   , Tsai Hao-When 
Published: September 2023

This study seeks to understand how brands communicate through the application of transmedia storytelling from the message and to the receivers. While existing studies mainly aim at conceptualizing the term ‘transmedia storytelling’, this study explores the term from a game-centric narrative perspective. Using Riot Games as a case study due to its global success and popularity, this research applies a qualitative mixed-method approach of documentary research (qual) and in-depth interview (QUAL). The investigation places special emphasis on undercovering consumer attitude and experience upon engagement with brand transmedia stories. To do so, Jenkins’ (2003) concept of transmedia storytelling was adopted as indicators towards the exploration of Riot Games’ brand communication strategy.

As a result, 17 products across 6 media categories were found from documentary research, and 6 informants were selected for the in-depth interview. Upon cross examination, the findings of this study illuminate the significance of narrative application as a way brands can communicate to form stronger connections with their consumers. Such as the incorporation of mysteries and the continuous efforts in story expansion were found to promote positive consumer attitudes and experiences. Moreover, the usage of transmedia was found to support consumer engagement and community formation.

It is hoped that the results from this research can contribute to marketers’ understanding of transmedia storytelling and how components towards engagement, attitude, and experience can be more effectively designed to reach the consumers.
Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptible profiles of Thai mycoplasma synoviae and immune response chickens received live mycoplasma synoviae vaccine
Authors:   , Limpavithayakul Kriengwich 
Published: September 2023

Mycoplasma synoviae infection in chickens which has been increasing worldwide is mostly controlled by pathogen-free flocks’ maintenance, medication in infected flocks and vaccination in high-risk flocks. The effective control strategy requires the information of diagnostic assays for detecting and differentiating M. synoviae strains, the understanding of immune response mechanisms in vaccinated chickens, and the reliable drug susceptible evidents for making decision in antimicrobial usage. This study aimed to develop a convenient assay for evaluation of quality or uniformity of vaccination with live MS-H vaccine, to characterize the immune response mechanisms in chickens receiving 3 different vaccination programs immunizing single dose at either 9 or 12 weeks of age or two doses at both 9 and 12 weeks of age, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptible profiles of current Thai M. synoviae isolates. Based on sequence analysis of partial vlhA gene in this study, Thai M. synoviae isolates collected from articular joint and respiratory tract of chickens during 2020, consisted of types E and L with 19 and 35 amino acid length, respectively, differing from MS-H vaccine strain classified as type C with 32 amino acid length. Consequently, the developed PCR-RFLP assay using restriction enzyme TasI to digest vlhA gene-targeted PCR amplicons, was verified to detect MS-H vaccine strain in vaccinated chickens and differentiate it from non-vaccine strains; WVU1853 reference strain (ATCC 25204) and Thai M. synoviae field strains. Besides, this study also demonstrated that vaccination with live MS-H, whether single or two doses, could similarly stimulate immune response mechanisms including both humoral and cellular immune responses. Antibody response in vaccinated chickens were initially detected at 2 weeks post first vaccination, and continuously increased to the highest level at 3 and 5 weeks post first vaccination examined by RPA assay and ELISA, respectively. Cellular immune response against both homologous and heterologous antigens, examined by MTS Tetrazolium assay, were similar at early period post immunization while the responses against homologous antigen was better at late period post immunization. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptible profiles of current Thai M. synoviae isolates was performed strong susceptible to tylvalosin, tylosin, and tiamulin at MIC50 value of 0.0098, 0.0391 and 0.0781 µg/ml, respectively; moderate susceptible to doxycycline, oxytetracycline and lincomycin-spectinomycin at MIC50 value of 0.1563, 0.1563 and 0.625 µg/ml, respectively; and resistance to enrofloxacin at MIC50 value of 10 µg/ml. Interestingly, at least three subpopulations of Thai M. synoviae isolates were presented with different MIC values; ranging 0.0195-0.625 µg/ml; from strong susceptibility to resistance to tilmicosin.
The challenges of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in tourism sector : a case study of Sihanoukville Province, Cambodia
Authors:   , Seab Dena 
Published: September 2023

This research aims to study the challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Tourism Sector in Sihanoukville of Cambodia. The author used a mix approach of quantitative and qualitative approach to answer and analyze the research objectives. For survey, the population of this study were chosen from 114 business owners or managers of SMEs in tourism sector mainly hotels, guesthouses, restaurants, massage parlors, tour agencies, tour operators, and transportation companies to answer the questionnaires . The quantitative method was applied using questionnaire. The quantitative data collected from the survey were analyzed by using SPSS 16. For qualitative approach, 2 government officials who have been working in the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Tourism that specialized in the field were interviewed. The content analysis utilized. The result of this result shows that the decrease in tourists in Sihanoukville as the major constraints to the growth of their business followed by the rise of informal competitors. Cost of doing business ranked as the 3rd major constraint to the growth of SMEs. Also Access to finance and followed by unskilled worker are the problem accordingly. Law regulation and technology infrastructure were also the challenges for their growth. This study concludes that the informal competition, cost of doing businesses, access to finance, and compliance cost have the most negative effects on SMEs development. Addition the lack of human resources and technology infrastructure play roles in enhance and increase the productivities in operating SMEs.