bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated system for diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis using crackle analysis in recorded lung sounds based on iterative envelope mean fractal dimension filter
Authors: Pal Ravi , Barney Anna , Sgalla Giacomo , Walsh Simon L F , Sverzellati Nicola , Fletcher Sophie , Cerri Stefania , Cannesson Maxime , Richeldi Luca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) often experience long waits before getting a correct diagnosis, and this delay in reaching specialized care is associated with increased mortality, regardless of the severity of the disease. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of PF can potentially extend life expectancy and maintain a better quality of life. Crackles present in the recorded lung sounds may be crucial for the early diagnosis of PF. Approach. This paper describes an automated system for differentiating lung sounds related to PF from other pathological lung conditions using the average number of crackles per breath cycle (NOC/BC). The system is divided into four main parts: (1) pre-processing, (2) separation of crackles from normal breath sounds using the iterative envelope mean fractal dimension filter, (3) crackle verification and counting, and (4) estimating NOC/BC. The system was tested on a dataset consisting of 48 (24 fibrotic and 24 non-fibrotic) subjects and the results were compared with an assessment by two expert respiratory physicians. The set of high-resolution computed tomography images, reviewed by two expert radiologists for the presence or absence of PF, was used as the ground truth for evaluating the PF and non-PF classification performance of the system. Main results. The overall performance of the automatic classifier based on receiver operating curve-derived cut-off value for average NOC/BC of 18.65 (AUC = 0.845, 95% CI 0.739–0.952, p < 0.001; sensitivity = 91.7%; specificity = 59.3%) compares favourably with the averaged performance of the physicians (sensitivity = 83.3%; specificity = 56.25%). Significance. Although radiological assessment should remain the gold standard for diagnosis of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), the automatic classification system has strong potential for diagnostic support, especially in assisting general practitioners in the auscultatory assessment of lung sounds to prompt further diagnostic work up of patients with suspect of ILD.
Study of the effect of circular p-GaN gate on the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Zhu Yanxu , Wang Yuhan , Luo Dan , Yang Xiaolong , Li Qian , Fei Baoliang , Gong Yanfei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we use Silvaco-ATLAS two-dimensional numerical simulation to calculate the performance of two different circular-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT device models. The influence of the special circular-gate structure on the DC characteristics of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT device is studied and compared with that of conventional devices. Compared with conventional, the threshold voltage of the drain-center and source-center circular-gate devices increased from 1.1 V to 1.5 V, while the transconductance improved from 245 mS mm−1 to 328 mS mm−1 and 285 mS mm−1 respectively. In the on-state of devices, the maximum saturation output current increased from 536 mA mm−1 to 620 mA mm−1 and 650 mA mm−1 . Furthermore, the breakdown voltage of the source-center circular-gate device rose from 765 V to 870 V compared to conventional devices; however, for the drain-center circular-gate device it was only at 685 V due to concentrated electric fields outside the drain region—this limitation can be effectively addressed by increasing the drain area. Simulation results demonstrate that circular-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices can avoid edge effects, improve electric field distribution, and alleviate self-heating effects.
Design of NI HTS solenoid for PSI positron production experiment
Authors: Kosse Jaap , Rodrigues Henrique , Duda Michał , Michlmayr Thomas , Müller Stephan , Sotnikov Dmitry , Brem André , Sanfilippo Stéphane , Auchmann Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the design of a non-insulated (NI) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) 15 T solenoid with a 72 mm diameter warm bore, intended for use in the Paul Scherrer Institute positron production (P3) experiment. The P3 experiment, scheduled to start in Q3 2026, aims to demonstrate a high-yield positron source that is relevant in the context of FCC-ee. The coils will be solder-impregnated using techniques developed with a small-bore HTS NI coil stack. This magnet produced a magnetic field of 18 T at 12 K and 2 kA, in a cryogen-free, conduction-cooled setup. Similarly, the P3 magnet will be conduction-cooled by two cryocoolers. This larger-bore magnet is designed to operate at 15 K with a nominal operating current of 1.2 kA. To ensure the protection of the NI magnet, quench prevention is the preferred strategy. Several potential failure modes are analyzed, including thermal runaway in the event of failures in the current leads, power supply, or cryocoolers. By enhancing the cold mass’ heat capacity through the addition of a large lead mass, the stored magnetic energy can be safely dissipated in the cold mass through the electrical path formed by the superconductor and the solder. Mechanical analysis indicates that the hoop, radial and axial stresses are kept below allowable limits.
NV center creation in diamond by local CW laser irradiation of shallow implanted nitrogen
Authors: Enke Alexius , Raatz Nicole , Meijer Jan , Wunderlich Ralf 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel creation procedure for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is investigated. After shallow nitrogen implantation, a continuous-wave laser is used to induce NV formation, while simultaneously exciting fluorescence to enable live observation. Our investigations imply that a different mechanism than heat induced vacancy diffusion causes the formation of NV centers with this method and we suggest possible alternative pathways which could be responsible, based on the observed properties. Furthermore, we test the procedure for its capabilities for the controlled creation of single centers and show that the emergence of individual centers can be tracked, while achieving sub-micrometer spatial precision.
Measurement-device-independent high-capacity quantum secure direct communication utilizing hyperentangled bell states
Authors: Meng Hai , Zhou Ri-Gui , Du Lin-Tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables the direct transmission of secret messages without prior sharing of keys among the communicating parties. However, in practical situations, an eavesdropper can compromise the measurement device and potentially steal secret messages. To enhance the reliability of QSDC systems, measurement-device-independent (MDI) QSDC protocols have been developed. In this paper, we propose a high-capacity MDI-QSDC protocol with authentication by utilizing hyperentangled Bell states. The protocol allows the sender to transmit six classical bit messages to the receiver using one quantum state. Our protocol has a higher coding capacity compared to other MDI-QSDC protocols. Additionally, we achieve mutual authentication of the identities of the communicating parties, and our scheme has significant advantages over the traditional QSDC protocols, where the legitimacy of the communicating parties has to be assumed. Theoretical analysis proves that our protocol can effectively defend against common attacks.
Wide-angle electromagnetic wave absorption via multilayer metamaterial structures
Authors: Do Thuy Chi , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Son Tung Bui , Viet Ngo Nhu , Ha Duong Thi , Hanh Vu Thi Hong , Do Xuan Phong , Khanh Tung Do , Nguyen Hai Anh , Dinh Lam Vu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work proposes a facile wide incident angle metamaterial absorber (MA) using a multilayer structure. The suggested MA consists of two ring-shaped resonant layers. Under normal incidence, the proposed MPA exhibits an absorption peak at 4.31 GHz with an absorption of 98.9%. The impact of incident angle on absorption characteristics of our MA is investigated experimentally for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. In the TE mode, at an incident angle of 70 degrees, the MPA exhibits two absorption peaks at 4.23 and 4.39 GHz with absorptions of 88.7% and 97.5%, respectively. In the TM mode, the absorption intensity of the proposed MA is maintained at 90% with an incident angle of up to 50 degrees and descended to below 90% at an incident angle of 70 degrees. In addition, the role of multilayer structure on the incident angle broadening of MA is also discussed and clarified.
Image encryption algorithm combining semi-tensor product compressed sensing and double random-phase encoding
Authors: Fu Jianzhao , Guo Peilian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
By combining semi-tensor product compressed sensing (STP-CS) and double random-phase encoding (DRPE) technology, this paper proposes an optical image encryption scheme with information authentication ability. Firstly, the phase information of the plaintext image is extracted by DRPE and quantized to generate the authentication information. Secondly, to compress the storage space and to realize the multiplication of different dimensional matrices, STP-CS is used to compress the plaintext image, and then the measurements are quantized by sigmoid map, and the quantized measurements are embedded into the authentication message. Finally, a random key stream is generated using a 2D infinite collapse map (2D-ICM) to generate chaotic sequences, and the embedding result is used to generate a ciphertext image by the permutation and XOR diffusion method. The receiver side can perform blind authentication of the ciphertext image during the inverse operation using a nonlinear cross-correlation method. The evaluation results indicate that our encryption scheme is more secure and effective.
Cosmological perturbations in the energy-momentum squared gravity theory: constraints from gravitational wave standard sirens and redshift space distortions*
Authors: Fu 付 Qi-Ming 启铭 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the linear cosmological perturbations in the context of the so-called energy-momentum squared gravity (EMSG) theory. Recent research shows that the EMSG theory can reproduce a viable background cosmological evolution comparable to ΛCDM, whereas the matter-dominated era exhibits slight distinctions. In this paper, we focus on power-law EMSG models and derive the equations for the linear cosmological perturbations. We explore the propagation of the gravitational wave (GW) and the growth of matter density perturbation at the first order, and we estimate the model parameters from the simulated GW and observed redshift space distortion data. Our analysis reveals that the model parameters should be small and positive in the

confidence interval, which indicates that the theory agrees closely with the observational data and can be considered an alternative to the standard cosmological model.
A multi-objective optimization method based on internal search algorithm for wind energy access to rural microgrid power supply grid architecture
Authors: Wang Pengchao , Meng Xianzhen , Wang Hongtao , Yuan Xin , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The conventional multi-objective optimization method of microgrid power supply grid architecture mainly uses MLIML (multi-load intermediate main line) to obtain multi-segment correction parameters, which are easily affected by the dynamic changes of power extreme values, resulting in poor optimization indicators. Therefore, a multi-objective optimization method for a rural microgrid’s power supply network architecture is proposed based on an internal search algorithm. That is, a multi-objective optimization model for the microgrid power supply grid architecture is constructed, and an internal search algorithm is used to generate a multi-objective optimization process for the microgrid power supply grid architecture, thereby achieving multi-objective optimization of the microgrid power supply grid architecture. The experimental results show that the multi-objective optimization method of the designed wind and solar power supply grid architecture for rural microgrids has good optimization results. All indicators meet the economic requirements and have certain application values. It has contributed to improving the power supply and distribution quality of the rural microgrid and reducing the comprehensive operation risk.
A wide voltage gain range LLC resonant converter based on mode switching
Authors: Li Jinhui , Ben Hongqi , Yang Yun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes an isolation-type converter that can acquire a broad voltage gain extent. The inverter part and rectifier part of the converter each have two operating states under different driving signals. The combination of distinct inverter parts and rectifier parts enables the converter to acquire four distinct working modes with varying gain extents. The converter working theory and gain characteristics are detailed analyses, and a control method based on pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is submitted. With the help of mode changing, the converter can obtain the required gain extent within a restricted frequency regulation extent. At last, an experimental platform that has 90 V∼110 V input and 200 V∼700 V output is set up to prove the accuracy and practicability of the suggested converter.
Simulation study on vibration suppression of middle and low-pressure cylinder communicating pipe of steam turbine
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Yigang , Yu Longwen , Zhang Jinbao , Mu QiWei , Shao Jianlin , Wang Yaowen , Liu Guanwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Zero output technology is extensively used to expand heating capacity and electric peak shaving for low-pressure cylinders in thermal power plants. Problems of communicating pipe vibration under a small volume flow rate are common. In this paper, the optimal structure of the butterfly valve plate with diversion is proposed, and the numerical simulation under the condition of maximum vibration is carried out by CFD. The results show that after the structure optimization, the steam flowing from the butterfly valve plate along the flow direction is no longer attached to the valve disc, and most of it flows along the middle of the steam inlet. The unbalanced force in three directions at three monitoring positions is reduced after optimization. The vibration displacement and velocity at the three monitoring points are all reduced, and the maximum vibration at the expansion joint is reduced by 13.6% and 42.5%, respectively. The results indicate that the optimized structure can suppress the communicating pipe vibration effectively.
Research on optimal control strategy of hybrid power flow controller based on PST and VSC
Authors: Zhu Shaoxuan , Xie Yan , Yang Peng , Tang Xiaojun , Tian Yuan , Shen Jiakai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An optimal control strategy for a hybrid power flow controller based on PST and VSC is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a power regulation model of the hybrid power flow controller considering the impedance variation with taps is established. Based on this, the power flow transfer factor between different lines is calculated for abnormal operation scenarios such as power grid maintenance and faults, and a power control strategy considering line thermal stability limit constraints is proposed. Then, combined with the regulation characteristics of the phase shifting transformer (PST) and voltage source converter (VSC), a coordinated control strategy for PST and VSC within the controller is proposed, which minimizes the number of mechanical tap adjustments for the PST and improves the service life of the equipment while meeting the demand for power flow regulation at different time periods. Finally, taking a regional power grid in Hebei Province as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified.
Analysis of three types of power and the power factor in RLC circuits
Authors: Xiao Yueshan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, increasing the power factor of a power system has become critical to the impact of energy efficiency and system performance. RLC circuit, which combines resistance, inductance and capacitance, is the basic model for analyzing power dynamics in AC circuits. The focus of this experiment is to understand how frequency modulation and power factor correction affect overall circuit efficiency. This paper investigates the relationship between power, reactive power, and power factor in RLC circuits through experimental analysis. Utilizing a signal generator, oscilloscope, multimeter, and other apparatuses, the roles of inductance, capacitance, and resistance in circuit performance are assessed. The study explores the effects of frequency modulation and power factor correction via capacitors, demonstrating how variations in frequency influence real, reactive, and apparent power. Additionally, the significance of correcting the power factor to unity is analyzed to optimize system efficiency. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions, and key sources of error are identified. Finally, practical recommendations for enhancing power factors in electrical systems are provided.
Real-time icing load monitoring method on overhead transmission lines based on weighing theory
Authors: Xue Jia , Li Yu , Li Xiang , Li Bin , Yang Xiaoxu , Cong Wanlin , Zhang Gengsheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When icing load on overhead transmission lines is calculated, the wire stress is usually calculated based on the length of the wire. In practical engineering applications, the wire length data is usually unknown or missing in the production management system, so wire stress is impossible to calculate based on wire length. In this situation, it is urgent to study the method of wire length calculation, and the authors proposed a method to solve the problem. First, by analyzing the change rate of wire length, wire length is calculated based on the change of wire length between adjacent towers, and the stress of wires on both sides of the associated tower is calculated. Then, considering the wind load on the wire, the wire length from the wire suspension point of the associated tower to the lowest point of the wires on both sides in the wind deviation plane is calculated. Finally, the statics balance formula of the wire is established in the wind deviation plane, and according to the design code of the overhead transmission line, wire icing load and equivalent icing thickness are calculated. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method proposed in this article, the test is carried out on a 500 kV transmission line, and the test results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness. The method proposed in this article expands the application scope of the wire icing load monitoring method on overhead transmission lines based on weighing theory in practical engineering applications.
Spike propagation by synchronization and vibrational resonance in feedforward Izhikevich neural network
Authors: Jia Kai , Wang Haohao , Wang Xin , Ge Mengyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multilayer feedforward neural networks (FFNs) are key in many machine learning models. They can be used to study neural firing rates, including synchronization and vibrational resonance (VR), under Gaussian white noise and high-frequency stimulation (HFS). This study examined how HFS and noise affect synchronized firing rates and VR in different types of Izhikevich FFNs. In a ten-layer excitatory Izhikevich neuron network, synchronized firing rates increased from low to high. Changes in noise intensity, synaptic weights, and time constants affected the propagation of synchronized firing rates. However, in a four-layer excitatory FFN, smaller HFS inhibited the output firing rate of the neural system and weakened synchronization. VR occurs when there is good phase synchronization between weak low-frequency signal (LFS) input and signal output. In addition, amplification of LFS can be achieved by increasing the amplitude of HFS. When examining the dynamics of excitatory-inhibitory multilayer FFNs, we found that synchronized firing rate propagation was less efficient, with only a few inhibitory neurons in the output layer remaining excited. Although the synchronized state can be observed in the system output, its synchronization is poor. This study shows how HFS, noise, and network architecture affect neural firing rates and VR dynamics in multi-layer FFNs.
Self-healing of optical skyrmionic beams
Authors: Guo Haochen , Das Trishita , Wu Haijun , Dev Vasu , Zhu Zhihan , Shen Yijie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Structured light with self-healing properties against partial obstructions has gained significant interest due to its potential applications in both fundamental and applied sciences. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation on the self-healing properties of the topological structure of optical skyrmionic beams, by exploiting numerical simulation and experimental spatial light modulation. It is shown that the standard skyrmionic beams exhibit a strong self-healing ability, as revealed by the rapid increase in the skyrmion number after obstacles. Moreover, the skyrmionic beams possess better self-healing ability against disk-type obstacles at the beam center than aperture-type obstacles at the periphery. Our results indicate the robustness of topologically structured beams against various obstructions, guiding practical applications such as robust information transfers.
Microwave synthesis of molybdenum disulfide quantum dots and the application in bilirubin sensing
Authors: Pang Shu , Chang Xinyu , Xu Lin , Wu Jiazhen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) is a new type of graphite like nanomaterial, which exhibited well chemical stability, unique fluorescence characteristics, and excellent biocompatibility. The conventional hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 generally requires a long-term reaction at high temperature and high pressure. Herein, we have developed a simple and fast MoS2 QDs synthesis scheme using microwave heating, and further modified the surface of MoS2 QDs using 3-aminophenylboronic acid. The 3- aminophenylboronic acid modified MoS2 QDs (B-MoS2 QDs) were further coated by a zinc-based metal–organic backbone (ZIF-8) in a solution containing zinc ions and 2-methylimidazolium. The constructed nanohybrid B-MoS2@ZIF-8 were successfully applied to the visualization and rapid detection of bilirubin based on the ratiometric fluorescence changes. The linear range for bilirubin detection is 0.2–75 μmol·l−1, and detection limit is 0.017 μmol·l−1.
Influence of irradiation on indicatory surface of anelastic-elastic body of AgZn alloy
Authors: Onanko Yurii , Kuzmych Lyudmyla , Onanko Anatoliy , Dmytrenko Oksana , Pinchuk-Rugal Tetiana , Usatyi Serhii , Il’in Peter , Kuzmych Stepan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The temperature dependence of internal friction Q
−1 and elastic modulus Е (‘indicatory surface of anelastic-elastic body’) of Ag0.8Zn0.2 alloy was studied. After electron irradiation, sharp exponential growth of internal friction background Q
−1

b
was observed at temperatures T > 610 K. The effect of radiation exposure on the temperature dependence of internal friction Q
−1 and elastic modulus Е of Ag0.8Zn0.2 alloy, which is ordered, was studied. The temperature intervals of formation and rearrangement of the short-range order were determined. The influence of electron irradiation and thermomechanical treatment on the short-range ordering processes of AgZn solid solutions was studied. After electron irradiation, the temperature dependence of internal friction Q
−1 and elastic modulus Е (‘indicatory surface of anelastic-elastic body’) of Ag0.8Zn0.2 alloy revealed internal friction maximum Q
−1

М1
at temperature T

М1
≈ 560 K.