bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we need patient‐specific QA for adaptively generated plans? Retrospective evaluation of delivered online adaptive treatment plans on Varian Ethos
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Stanley Dennis N. , Cardenas Carlos E. , Harms Joseph , Popple Richard A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical introduction of dedicated treatment units for online adaptive radiation therapy (OART) has led to widespread adoption of daily adaptive radiotherapy. OART allows for rapid generation of treatment plans using daily patient anatomy, potentially leading to reduction of treatment margins and increased normal tissue sparing. However, the OART workflow does not allow for measurement of patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) during treatment delivery sessions and instead relies on secondary dose calculations for verification of adapted plans. It remains unknown if independent dose verification is a sufficient surrogate for PSQA measurements.PurposeTo evaluate the plan quality of previously treated adaptive plans through multiple standard PSQA measurements.MethodsThis IRB‐approved retrospective study included sixteen patients previously treated with OART at our institution. PSQA measurements were performed for each patient's scheduled and adaptive plans: five adaptive plans were randomly selected to perform ion chamber measurements and two adaptive plans were randomly selected for ArcCHECK measurements. The same ArcCHECK 3D dose distribution was also sent to Mobius3D to evaluate the second‐check dosimetry system.ResultsAll (n = 96) ion chamber measurements agreed with the planned dose within 3% with a mean of 1.4% (± 0.7%). All (n = 48) plans passed ArcCHECK measurements using a 95% gamma passing threshold and 3%/2 mm criteria with a mean of 99.1% (± 0.7%). All (n = 48) plans passed Mobius3D second‐check performed with 95% gamma passing threshold and 5%/3 mm criteria with a mean of 99.0% (± 0.2%).ConclusionPlan measurement for PSQA may not be necessary for every online‐adaptive treatment verification. We recommend the establishment of a periodic PSQA check to better understand trends in passing rates for delivered adaptive treatments.
Detecting deception attacks in cyber‐physical linear parameter varying systems with packet loss
Authors: Golabi Arash , Erradi Abdelkarim , Tantawy Ashraf , Shaban Khaled 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe increased connectivity of cyber‐physical systems (CPS) to enterprise networks raises challenging security concerns. Detecting attacks on CPS is a vital step to improving their security. Most of the existing attack detectors are for CPS with linear dynamics. In this study, an investigation is made for designing a detector of deception attacks in a cyber‐physical linear parameter varying (LPV) system in the presence of packet loss. A model‐based attack detector is designed to detect deception attacks on output measurements, actuators, or schedule variables. With an unreliable network, the LPV attack detector enhances detection capacity and attenuates disturbances on the detector module to improve detection accuracy. During communication, packet loss results in network unreliability, which is modeled by the Bernoulli process. Stochastic stability is used to determine LPV attack detector parameters. A residual signal is built by comparing the detector's output and the actual sensor measurement and provides the deception attack's essential data. However, the packet loss causes some impulse signals in the residual signal, resulting in false alarms. Therefore, the detector module is equipped with a median filter to suppress packet loss's effect on evaluating the residual signal. Tests and validations of the proposed approach are performed on a two‐tank system and a continuous stirred tank reactor. According to evaluation results conducted on two testbeds, the proposed method accurately detects deception attacks even when there is packet loss.
Polymer/Carbon Composites with Versatile Interfacial Interactions for High Performance Carbon‐Based Thermoelectrics: Principles and Applications
Authors: Liang Jia , Cui Ruopeng , Zhang Xuefei , Koumoto Kunihito , Wan Chunlei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe urgent demand for renewable energy has attracted widespread interest in polymer‐based thermoelectric materials due to easy fabrication, high flexibility, low toxicity, low thermal conductivity, and great potential in industrial applications. However, the power factors of the polymers are still quite low compared with those of their inorganic counterparts, resulting in a low energy conversion efficiency. Highly conductive carbon materials, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, have recently been incorporated into the polymer matrix through intrinsic chemical intimacy, providing new opportunities to tune the thermoelectric properties. In particular, the characteristic π‐π coupling and other interactions between the two components have contributed to unique mechanisms for better thermoelectric performance beyond the simple rule of mixtures. This paper aims to review the up‐to‐date progress in polymer/carbon nanocomposites along with various compositions and novel synthetic strategies. The salient aspects of this review are characteristic interactions and various mechanisms, which might result in enhanced thermoelectric properties and subsequent potential applications in energy harvesting, wearable electronics, photo‐thermoelectrics, and other devices.
GDNF‐Loaded Polydopamine Nanoparticles‐Based Anisotropic Scaffolds Promote Spinal Cord Repair by Modulating Inhibitory Microenvironment
Authors: Ma Jinjin , Li Jiaying , Wang Xingran , Li Meimei , Teng Wenwen , Tao Zihan , Xie Jile , Ma Yanxia , Shi Qin , Li Bin , Saijilafu  
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that causes permanent loss of sensation and motor function. SCI repair is a significant challenge due to the limited regenerating ability of adult neurons and the complex inflammatory microenvironment. After SCI, the oxidative stress induced by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) often leads to prolonged neuroinflammation that results in sustained damage to the spinal cord tissue. Polydopamine (PDA) shows remarkable capability in scavenging ROS to treat numerous inflammatory diseases. In this study, glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)‐loaded PDA nanoparticle‐based anisotropic scaffolds for spinal cord repair are developed. It is found that mesoporous PDA nanoparticles (mPDA NPs) in the scaffolds efficiently scavenge ROS and promote microglia M2 polarization, thereby inhibiting inflammatory response at the injury site and providing a favorable microenvironment for nerve cell survival. Furthermore, the GDNF encapsulated in mPDA NPs promotes corticospinal tract motor axon regeneration and its locomotor functional recovery. Together, findings from this study reveal that the GDNF‐loaded PDA/Gelatin scaffolds hold potential as an effective artificial transplantation material for SCI treatment.
Thermal‐Sinterable EGaIn Nanoparticle Inks for Highly Deformable Bioelectrode Arrays
Authors: Niu Yan , Tian Gongwei , Liang Cuiyuan , Wang Tianchi , Ma Xu , Gong Guifen , Qi Dianpeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLiquid metal (especially eutectic gallium indium, EGaIn) nanoparticle inks overcome the poor wettability of high surface tension EGaIn to elastomer substrates and show great potential in soft electronics. Normally, a sintering strategy is required to break the oxide shells of the EGaIn nanoparticles (EGaIn NPs) to achieve conductive paths. Herein, for the first time, thermal‐sinterable EGaIn NP inks are prepared by introducing thermal expansion microspheres (TEMs) into EGaIn NP solution. Through the mechanical pressure induced by the expansion of the heated TEMs, the printed EGaIn NPs can be sintered into electrically conductive paths to achieve highly stretchable bioelectrode arrays, which exhibit giant electromechanical performance (up to 680% strain), good cyclic stability (over 2 × 104 cycles), and stable conductivity after high‐speed rotation (6000 rpm). Simultaneously, the recording sites are hermetically sealed by ionic elastomer layers, ensuring the complete leakage‐free property of EGaIn and reducing the electrochemical impedance of the electrodes (891.16 Ω at 1 kHz). The bioelectrode is successfully applied to monitor dynamic electromyographic signals. The sintering strategy overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional sintering strategies, such as leakage of EGaIn, reformation of large EGaIn droplets, and low throughput, which promotes the application of EGaIn in soft electronics.
Well‐Defined Fullerene Bisadducts Enable High‐Performance Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Chao , Yang Panpan , Nan Ziang , Tian Chengbo , Cai Yuanting , Chen Jingfu , Qi Fangfang , Tian Hanrui , Xie Liqiang , Meng Lingyi , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) are attracting intense research interest due to their excellent optoelectric properties and eco‐friendly features. To further improve the device performance, developing new fullerene derivatives as electron transporter layers (ETLs) is highly demanded. Four well‐defined regioisomers (trans‐2, trans‐3, trans‐4, and e) of diethylmalonate‐C60 bisadduct (DCBA) are isolated and well characterized. The well‐defined molecular structure enables us to investigate the real structure‐dependent effects on photovoltaic performance. It is found that the chemical structures of the regioisomers not only affect their energy levels, but also lead to significant differences in their molecular packings and interfacial contacts. As a result, the devices with trans‐2, trans‐3, trans‐4, and e as ETLs yield efficiencies of 11.69%, 14.58%, 12.59%, and 10.55%, respectively, which are higher than that of the as‐prepared DCBA‐based (10.28%) device. Notably, the trans‐3‐based device also demonstrates a certified efficiency of 14.30%, representing one of the best‐performing TPSCs.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Mediated Drug Delivery for First Aid
Authors: Sheng Tao , Jin Rui , Yang Changwei , Qiu Ke , Wang Mingyang , Shi Jiaqi , Zhang Jingyu , Gao Yuman , Wu Qing , Zhou Xin , Wang Hao , Zhang Juan , Fang Qin , Pan Neng , Xue Yanan , Wang Yue , Xiong Rong , Gao Fei , Zhang Yuqi , Lu Haojian , Yu Jicheng , Gu Zhen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTimely administration of key medications toward patients with sudden diseases is critical to saving lives. However, slow transport of first‐aid therapeutics and the potential absence of trained people for drug usage can lead to severe injuries or even death. Herein, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐mediated first‐aid system for targeted delivery (uFAST) is developed. It allows unattended administration of emergency therapeutics‐loaded transdermal microneedle (MN) patches toward patients to relieve symptoms by a contact‐triggered microneedle applicator (CTMA). The implementability and safety of the uFAST for first aid is demonstrated in a severe hypoglycemic pig model by automatically delivering a glucagon patch with immediate and bioresponsive dual release modes. This platform technique may facilitate the development of UAV‐mediated first‐aid treatments for other sudden diseases.
Highly Efficient Inherent Linearly Polarized Electroluminescence from Small‐Molecule Organic Single Crystals
Authors: Jia Ruofei , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Huanyu , Zhang Xiujuan , Cheng Shuiling , Pan Jing , Wang Chaoqiang , Pirzado Azhar Ali Ayaz , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSmall‐molecule organic single crystals (SCs) with an inherent in‐plane anisotropic nature enable direct linearly polarized light emission without the need for spatially separated polarizers and complex optical structures. However, the device performance is severely restricted by the starvation of appropriate SC emitters and the difficulty in the construction of efficient SC electroluminescence (EL) devices, leading to a low external quantum efficiency (EQE) of usually smaller than 1.5%. Here, highly efficient inherent linearly polarized light‐emitting diodes (LP‐LEDs) are demonstrated by exploiting 2,6‐diphenylanthracene (DPA) SCs as intrinsically polarized emitters. The LP‐LEDs exhibit a 2.5‐fold enhanced maximum EQE of 3.38%, which approaches the theoretical limit for the DPA SC‐based EL device and is the highest among organic SC‐based LEDs reported thus far. More importantly, a high degree of polarization (DOP) up to 0.74 is achieved for the intrinsically polarized EL emission of the DPA SC‐based LP‐LEDs. By leveraging the highly efficient LP‐LED, an interchip polarized optical communication system consisting of organic SCs is demonstrated for the first time. This work creates a solid foundation for the exploitation of a vast new library of small‐molecule organic SCs for LP‐LEDs and carries broad implications for polarized optics and relevant optoelectronic devices.
Recent Advances in the Use of Covalent Organic Frameworks as Heterogenous Photocatalysts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: López‐Magano Alberto , Daliran Saba , Oveisi Ali Reza , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Alemán José , Garcia Hermenegildo , Luque Rafael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganic photochemistry is intensely developed in the 1980s, in which the nature of excited electronic states and the energy and electron transfer processes are thoroughly studied and finally well‐understood. This knowledge from molecular organic photochemistry can be transferred to the design of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as active visible‐light photocatalysts. COFs constitute a new class of crystalline porous materials with substantial application potentials. Featured with outstanding structural tunability, large porosity, high surface area, excellent stability, and unique photoelectronic properties, COFs are studied as potential candidates in various research areas (e.g., photocatalysis). This review aims to provide the state‐of‐the‐art insights into the design of COF photocatalysts (pristine, functionalized, and hybrid COFs) for organic transformations. The catalytic reaction mechanism of COF‐based photocatalysts and the influence of dimensionality and crystallinity on heterogenous photocatalysis performance are also discussed, followed by perspectives and prospects on the main challenges and opportunities in future research of COFs and COF‐based photocatalysts.
Zero to Three Dimension Structure Evolution from Carbon Allotropes to Phosphorus Allotropes
Authors: Ye Xiaohui , Qi Ming , Chen Mengzhen , Zhang Lihui , Zhang Jinying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the promising and highly‐focused materials after silicon, carbon, and phosphorus promote the development of nanotechnology due to its allotropes with unique structures and properties. The carbon allotropes of 0D fullerene, 1D carbon nanotube, and 2D graphene stimulate the investigation of structures, synthesis, properties, and further applications of carbon nanomaterials. Analogous to carbon, phosphorus is demonstrated to have a rich phase diagram. 0D phosphorus fullerenes, 1D phosphorus nanotubes and fibrous red phosphorus, and recently 2D black phosphorene and violet phosphorene have unique structures analogous to carbon fullerene, carbon nanotube, and graphene, is developed. The photoelectronic properties and further applications of the phosphorus allotropes as semiconductors, energy storage materials, biomaterials, and sensors are also investigated. Great efforts are dedicated to studies of the synthesis, structure, and properties of carbons and phosphorus. However, there is no systematic review of the structure of phosphorus allotropes compared to carbon allotropes. Herein, the structures along with possible future perspective of carbon and phosphorus allotropes review and compare in this work based on the classification of different dimensions.
Halide Perovskite Excitonic Diffraction Grating
Authors: Mamaeva Mariia P. , Lozhkin Maksim S. , Shurukhina Anna V. , Stroganov Boris V. , Emeline Alexei V. , Kapitonov Yury V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResonant diffractive optical elements can be used to create the desired spatial and angular distribution of scattered light in a narrow wavelength range. Exciton resonance could help to make such elements active. Here an exciton diffraction grating made from fully inorganic CsPbBr3 halide perovskite is demonstrated. Spatial modulation of excitonic properties of the single crystal is achieved using local defect formation by 30 keV Ga+ focused ion irradiation with low irradiation dose 1014 cm−2. Such a low dose prevents the appearance of non‐resonant diffraction since no sample milling occurs. The observed diffraction reflex has a maximum efficiency of 2.3 × 10−3 at the free exciton resonance and 1.7 meV spectral width. The temperature, angular, and spectral properties of resonant diffraction are studied. The possibility of creating exciton diffraction gratings based on halide perovskites is one more confirmation of their applicability as a new material for information photonics.
Flexible Displays with Multimode Reversible Switching between Transparent and Colorful States
Authors: Wang Wentao , Zhou Yicheng , Yang Liu , Lin Junlan , Zhao Gaochong , Yao Yuyuan , Li Feihu , Zhang Lixiu , Ding Liming , Tang Bingtao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntegrating responsive photonic crystals (RPCs) and quantum dots (QDs) effectively to realize multimode dynamic color regulation is of great significance for promoting advances in color display science. Herein, a new type of flexible dynamic color display with multimode reversible switching between transparent and colorful states based on the combination of RPCs and CdTe QDs is designed. This unique system is fabricated by encapsulating a thin layer of ordered arrays of SiO2@CdTe@SiO2 (SQS) colloids with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which generates an elastic film with sandwiched structure of PDMS/SQS/PDMS. Owing to the similarity in the optical properties of PDMS and SQS, the display is highly transparent in the normal state. Moreover, the resultant flexible display exhibits obvious change in color by mechanical stimuli or UV exposure. Finally, the ability to display joints motion amplitudes of human body as well as the applications in advanced security is demonstrated.
Six‐Photon Excited Self‐Trapped Excitons Photoluminescence in Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite
Authors: Jiang Jutao , Niu Guangming , Sui Laizhi , Wang Xiaowei , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Yutong , Che Li , Wu Guorong , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultiphoton absorption (MPA) effects are suitable for biophotonic applications due to the long penetration depth and high spatial confinement. Compared with lead halide perovskites, relevant studies on MPA effects of lead‐free perovskites are still scarce, especially for the high‐order MPA effects. Herein, an all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs2TeCl6 perovskite crystal is reported that exhibits three‐ to six‐photon absorption (3PA to 6PA) effects over a wavelength range of 800–2200 nm. The results of steady and transient optical experiments indicate that the single‐ and multiphoton excited broadband orange emission in Cs2TeCl6 crystals is attributed to the self‐trapped excitons (STEs) recombination. What is more, the 6PA cross‐section (δ6) has been determined to be 1.87 × 10−174 cm12 s5 photon−5 (at 1980 nm). As far as it is known, the high‐order 6PA effect is unprecedented in lead‐free perovskites, which paves the way for the future development of lead‐free perovskite high‐order multiphoton application.
CD73, a Promising Therapeutic Target of Diclofenac, Promotes Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer through a Nucleotidase Independent Mechanism
Authors: Liu Weishuai , Yu Xiaozhou , Yuan Yudong , Feng Yixing , Wu Chao , Huang Chongbiao , Xie Peng , Li Shengnan , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Ziyang , Qi Lisha , Chen Yanan , Shi Lei , Li Mulin Jun , Huang Zhiyong , Tang Bo , Chang Antao , Hao Jihui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCD73, a cell surface‐bound nucleotidase, facilitates extracellular adenosine formation by hydrolyzing 5′‐AMP to adenosine. Several studies have shown that CD73 plays an essential role in immune escape, cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis, making it an attractive target for cancer therapies. However, there are limited clinical benefits associated with the mainstream enzymatic inhibitors of CD73, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the role of CD73 in tumor progression is more complex than anticipated, and further investigation is necessary. In this study, CD73 is found to overexpress in the cytoplasm of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and promotes metastasis in a nucleotidase‐independent manner, which cannot be restrained by the CD73 monoclonal antibodies or small‐molecule enzymatic inhibitors. Furthermore, CD73 promotes the metastasis of PDAC by binding to the E3 ligase TRIM21, competing with the Snail for its binding site. Additionally, a CD73 transcriptional inhibitor, diclofenac, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, is more effective than the CD73 blocking antibody for the treatment of PDAC metastasis. Diclofenac also enhances the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in the spontaneous KPC (LSL‐KrasG12D/+, LSL‐Trp53R172H/+, and Pdx‐1‐Cre) pancreatic cancer model. Therefore, diclofenac may be an effective anti‐CD73 therapy, when used alone or in combination with gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy regimen, for metastatic PDAC.
Multifunctional Ag–In–Zn–S/Cs3Cu2Cl5‐Based Memristors with Coexistence of Non‐Volatile Memory and Volatile Threshold Switching Behaviors for Neuroinspired Computing
Authors: He Nan , Ye Fan , Liu Jun , Sun Tianlong , Wang Xinpeng , Hou Wenjie , Shao Weijing , Wan Xiang , Tong Yi , Xu Feng , Sheng Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLead‐free all‐inorganic Cs3Cu2Cl5 perovskites, a member of the metal‐metal halide material family, have attracted pronounced attention owing to their low toxicity, facile fabrication strategies, considerable ambient stability, and intriguing photoelectric properties. However, the application of environmentally friendly copper‐based Cs3Cu2Cl5 in memristors has been rarely reported to the authors’ knowledge. Herein, multifunctional memristors with the coexistence of non‐volatile memory (MS) and volatile threshold switching (TS) behaviors are introduced based on an innovative Ag–In–Zn–S/Cs3Cu2Cl5 heterostructure. The inserted Ag–In–Zn–S quantum dots layer may provide an effective method for guiding the formation of the dominant metallic Ag filaments, resulting in considerably stable and controllable multiple switching behaviors. Additionally, the heterostructure memristor is capable of imitating some essential biological synaptic functions, including long‐term potentiation (LTP), long‐term depression (LTD), and the short‐term memory (STM) to long‐term memory (LTM) transition. Furthermore, the famous conditioning Pavlov's dog experiment corresponding to associative learning is electronically simulated by the studied device. Moreover, utilizing the devices’ LTP and LTD properties, relatively high recognition accuracies for small and large digits datasets are achieved through a three‐layer artificial neural network, revealing the feasibility of implementing neuromorphic computation using heterostructure memristors.