bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial: Protocol for school-age follow-up
Authors: Piper Joseph D. , Mazhanga Clever , Mwapaura Marian , Mapako Gloria , Mapurisa Idah , Mashedze Tsitsi , Munyama Eunice , Kuona Maria , Mashiri Thombizodwa , Sibanda Kundai , Matemavi Dzidzai , Tichagwa Monica , Nyoni Soneni , Saidi Asinje , Mangwende Manasa , Chidhanguro Dzivaidzo , Mpofu Eddington , Tome Joice , Mutasa Batsirai , Chasekwa Bernard , Smuk Melanie , Smith Laura E. , Njovo Handrea , Nyachowe Chandiwana , Muchekeza Mary , Mutasa Kuda , Sauramba Virginia , Langhaug Lisa F. , Tavengwa Naume V. , Gladstone Melissa J. , Wells Jonathan C. , Allen Elizabeth , Humphrey Jean H. , Ntozini Robert ,   SHINE Follow-up team, Prendergast Andrew J. 
Published: July 2023

Background: There is a need for follow-up of early-life stunting intervention trials into childhood to determine their long-term impact. A holistic school-age assessment of health, growth, physical and cognitive function will help to comprehensively characterise the sustained effects of early-life interventions. Methods: The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial in rural Zimbabwe assessed the effects of improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and/or improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) on stunting and anaemia at 18 months. Among children enrolled to SHINE, 1,275 have been followed up at 7-8 years of age (1,000 children who have not been exposed to HIV, 268 exposed to HIV antenatally who remain HIV negative and 7 HIV positive children). Children were assessed using the School-Age Health, Activity, Resilience, Anthropometry and Neurocognitive (SAHARAN) toolbox, to measure their growth, body composition, cognitive and physical function. In parallel, a caregiver questionnaire assessed household demographics, socioeconomic status, adversity, nurturing, caregiver support, food and water insecurity. A monthly morbidity questionnaire is currently being administered by community health workers to evaluate school-age rates of infection and healthcare-seeking. The impact of the SHINE IYCF and WASH interventions, the early-life ‘exposome’, maternal HIV, and contemporary exposures on each school-age outcome will be assessed. We will also undertake an exploratory factor analysis to generate new, simpler metrics for assessment of cognition (COG-SAHARAN), growth (GROW-SAHARAN) and combined growth, cognitive and physical function (SUB-SAHARAN). The SUB-SAHARAN toolbox will be used to conduct annual assessments within the SHINE cohort from ages 8-12 years. Ethics and dissemination: Approval was obtained from Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (08/02/21) and registered with Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202201828512110, 24/01/22). Primary caregivers provided written informed consent and children written assent. Findings will be disseminated through community sensitisation, peer-reviewed journals and stakeholders including the Zimbabwean Ministry of Health and Child Care.
A Surrogate-Based Asynchronous Decomposition Technique for Realistic Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow Problems
Authors: Petra Cosmin G. , Aravena Ignacio 
Published: July 2023

Solving realistic security-constrained optimal power flow problems In “A surrogate-based asynchronous decomposition technique for realistic security-constrained optimal power flow problems,” we propose a new algorithm for solving a classical problem in power grid operations: the security-constrained optimal power flow, considering its nonlinearities and realistic transitions between nominal and emergency post-contingency operations. Solving security-constrained optimal power flow problems accurately is a critical function, upon which depends the reliability, security, and efficiency of power systems as well as the correct functioning of other critical infrastructure dependent on electricity. The proposed algorithm was extensively tested against many state-of-the-art approaches using realistic and real instances in the ARPA-E Grid Optimization Competition Challenge 1, where it found the best-known solution for 58% of the instances, attained an average gap of less than 0.2%, and obtained the best overall scores, thereby winning all divisions of Challenge 1 with a very strong first place.
Do Lower-Power Individuals Really Compete Less? An Investigation of Covert Competition
Authors: Zhong Yufei , Li Huisi (Jessica) 
Published: July 2023

Competition is one of the defining features of organizational life. In this research, we identify a prevalent but overlooked type of competition—covert competition, which we define as behaviors with the intention to win (i.e., advancing one’s interest/position while disregarding or hurting the other party’s interest/position) that are unclear to or hidden from the other party. We argue that one’s relative power in dyadic social relationships influences covert competition. Based on the theory of power dependence, we expect that lower-power individuals are more likely than higher-power individuals to compete covertly. This is because lower-power individuals fear the potential negative repercussions of revealing their competitiveness, which motivates them to engage in more covert competition. Lower-power individuals’ ability to escape from the current relationship mitigates the effects of having lower power on such fear and on their subsequent covert competition. With five experiments and a three-wave longitudinal survey study, we find support for our hypotheses. This research calls attention to the understudied covert form of competition and emphasizes the nuanced relationships between power and competitive behaviors. Supplemental Material: The online supplemental material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1684 .
Image scanning microscopy with a doughnut beam: signal strength and integrated intensity
Authors: Sheppard Colin J. R. , Castello Marco , Tortarolo Giorgio , Zunino Alessandro , Slenders Eli , Bianchini Paolo , Vicidomini Giuseppe , Diaspro Alberto 
Published: July 2023

We discuss the effects of image scanning microscopy using doughnut beam illumination on the properties of signal strength and integrated intensity. Doughnut beam illumination can give better optical sectioning and background rejection than Airy disk illumination. The outer pixels of a detector array give a signal from defocused regions, so digital processing of these (e.g., by simple subtraction) can further improve optical sectioning and background rejection from a single in-focus scan.
Utilization and factors associated with health facility delivery among women of reproductive age in rural Ethiopia: Mixed effect logistic regression analysis
Authors: Semagn Birhan Ewunu 
Published: July 2023

Background
Worldwide over 800 women lose their life each day from complication in pregnancy and child birth. Health facility delivery is one of the key strategies for reducing maternal mortality and for ensuring safe birth. Inequity by urban–rural residence is one of the most pronounced challenges in maternal health service coverage with women living in rural areas at a greater disadvantage than other women. This study aims to assess the magnitude and factors affecting the utilization of health facility delivery for the most recent live birth among women of reproductive age in rural Ethiopia.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study based on a data from Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 dataset with a total weighted sample of 2900 women of reproductive age group in rural Ethiopia. Data cleaning, coding and labeling were done using STATA version 14 software. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors.

Result
Only 44% of reproductive-age women in rural Ethiopia gave their most recent live birth in health institutions. In the multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis; educational status, wealth index, attending 4+ANC, and had ANC from skilled provider were found to be statistically significant factors associated with health facility delivery.

Conclusion
In a rural part of Ethiopia, the prevalence of institutional delivery is low. Especial emphasis should be given for mothers with no formal education, and poor household wealth index, Furthermore, implementing public health programs that target to enable women to have more frequent Antenatal Care follow-up from skilled providers may increase the number of health facility deliveries.
Determining the clinical and cost-effectiveness of nasal sprays and a physical activity and stress management intervention to reduce respiratory tract infections in primary care: A protocol for the ‘Immune Defence’ randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vennik Jane , Geraghty Adam W. A. , Martinson Kate , Yardley Lucy , Stuart Beth , Moore Michael , Francis Nick , Hay Alastair , Verheij Theo , Bradbury Katherine , Greenwell Kate , Dennison Laura , Williamson Sian , Denison-Day James , Ainsworth Ben , Raftery James , Zhu Shihua , Butler Christopher , Richards-Hall Samantha , Little Paul 
Published: July 2023

Background
Most adults in the UK experience at least one viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) per year. Individuals with comorbidities and those with recurrent RTIs are at higher risk of infections. This can lead to more severe illness, worse quality of life and more days off work. There is promising evidence that using common nasal sprays or improving immune function through increasing physical activity and managing stress, may reduce the incidence and severity of RTIs.

Methods and design
Immune Defence is an open, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. Up to 15000 adults from UK general practices, with a comorbidity or risk factor for infection and/or recurrent infections (3 or more infections per year) will be randomly allocated to i) a gel-based nasal spray designed to inhibit viral respiratory infections; ii) a saline nasal spray, iii) a digital intervention promoting physical activity and stress management, or iv) usual care with brief advice for managing infections, for 12 months. Participants will complete monthly questionnaires online. The primary outcome is the total number of days of illness due to RTIs over 6 months. Key secondary outcomes include: days with symptoms moderately bad or worse; days where work/normal activities were impaired; incidence of RTI; incidence of COVID-19; health service contacts; antibiotic usage; beliefs about antibiotics; intention to consult; number of days of illness in total due to respiratory tract infections over 12 months. Economic evaluation from an NHS perspective will compare the interventions, expressed as incremental cost effectiveness ratios. A nested mixed methods process evaluation will examine uptake and engagement with the interventions and trial procedures.

Trial status
Recruitment commenced in December 2020 and the last participant is expected to complete the trial in April 2024.

Discussion
Common nasal sprays and digital interventions to promote physical activity and stress management are low cost, accessible interventions applicable to primary care. If effective, they have the potential to reduce the individual and societal impact of RTIs.

Trial registration
Prospectively registered with ISRCTN registry (17936080) on 30/10/2020.

Sponsor
This RCT is sponsored by University of Southampton. The sponsors had no role in the study design, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Influence of chronic liver diseases on the course and outcome of COVID-19
Authors: Mitrovic Nikola , Sabanovic Milos , Vujovic Ankica , Jovanovic Jaroslava , Nikolic Natasa , Jug Martina , Todorovic Nevena , Filipovic Ana , Milosevic Ivana 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health problem. The impact of chronic liver diseases on the course and outcome of COVID-19 is still the subject of research. The aim of this study was to show the characteristics of COVID-19 patients with chronic liver diseases, and to establish the risk factors for unfavourable outcome.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Infectious Disease Clinic in Belgrade, Serbia, and included 80 patients with chronic liver diseases and COVID-19 within a time frame of two years (between 15 March 2020 and 15 March 2022). Characteristics of the affected persons, as well as the risk factors for a fatal outcome, were analyzed.

Results
Of the 80 subjects in the study, 23.8% had chronic viral hepatitis, 12.5% autoimmune liver diseases and alcoholic liver disease respectively, 30% had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, while 11.2% had chronic liver diseases of unknown aetiology. A total of 33.7% had cirrhosis, 6.3% hepatocellular carcinoma and 5% had liver transplants. A total of 92.5% of respondents had pneumonia (21.2% were critically ill). A deterioration of chronic liver disease was registered among 33.7% of patients, and decompensation in 3.8%; 76.3% patients recovered, while 23.7% had a lethal outcome. Risk factors for lethal outcome by univariate analysis were: alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, increased transaminases values prior to COVID-19, malignancy, severe pneumonia and dyspnea. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of liver cirrhosis (OR = 69.1, p = 0.001) and severe pneumonia (OR = 22.3, p = 0.006) remained independently predictive for lethal outcome.

Conclusion
These findings will help with the evaluation of COVID-19 patients who have chronic liver diseases and will improve their risk stratification.
Finger fractures: Epidemiology and treatment based on 21341 fractures from the Swedish Fracture register
Authors: Alfort Henrik , Von Kieseritzky Johanna , Wilcke Maria 
Published: July 2023

Background
There is a lack of detailed epidemiological studies of finger fractures, the most common fracture of the upper extremity.

Methods
Based on data of 21 341 finger fractures in the Swedish Fracture register, a national quality registry that collects data on all fractures, this study describes anatomical distribution, cause, treatment, age distribution, and result in terms of patient related outcome measures (PROMs).

Results
The most common finger fracture was of the base of the 5th finger, followed by the distal phalanx in the 4th finger. Open fractures were most common in the distal phalanges, especially in the 3rd finger. Intraarticular fractures were most frequent in the middle phalanges. Fall accidents was the most common cause of a fracture. The mean age at injury was 40 years (38 for men, 43 for women). 86% of finger fractures in adults were treated non-operatively. Men were more frequently operated than women. Finger fractures did not affect hand function or quality of life and there were no relevant differences in PROMs between fracture type, treatment, or sex.

Conclusion
This study presents detailed information about the various types of finger fractures which can be used as point of reference in clinical work and for future studies.
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from children under age five with and without diarrhea in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Zelelie Tizazu Zenebe , Eguale Tadesse , Yitayew Berhanu , Abeje Dessalegn , Alemu Ashenafi , Seman Aminu , Jass Jana , Mihret Adane , Abebe Tamrat 
Published: July 2023

Background
Diarrhea is a serious health problem in children, with the highest mortality rate in sub-Saharan Africa. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is among the major bacterial causes of diarrhea in children under age five. The present study aims to determine molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of DEC and identify contributing factors for acquisition among children under age five in Central Ethiopia.

Methods
A health facility-centered cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa and Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, from December 2020 to August 2021. A total of 476 specimens, 391 from diarrheic and 85 from non-diarrheic children under age five were collected. Bacterial isolation and identification, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pathotype determination using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were done.

Results
Of the 476 specimens analyzed, 89.9% (428/476) were positive for E. coli, of which 183 were positive for one or more genes coding DEC pathotypes. The overall prevalence of the DEC pathotype was 38.2% (183/476). The predominant DEC pathotype was enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (41.5%, 76/183), followed by enterotoxigenic E. coli (21.3%, 39/183), enteropathogenic E. coli (15.3%, 28/183), enteroinvasive E. coli (12.6%, 23/183), hybrid strains (7.1%, 13/183), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (1.6%, 3/183), and diffusely-adherent E. coli (0.6%, 1/183). DEC was detected in 40.7% (159/391) of diarrheic and 28.2% (24/85) in non-diarrheic children (p = 0.020). The majority of the DEC pathotypes were resistant to ampicillin (95.1%, 174/183) and tetracycline (91.3%, 167/183). A higher rate of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (58%, 44/76), ciprofloxacin (22%, 17/76), ceftazidime and cefotaxime (20%, 15/76) was seen among EAEC pathotypes. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 43.2% (79/183) of the pathotypes, whereas extended spectrum ß-lactamase and carbapenemase producers were 16.4% (30/183) and 2.2% (4/183), respectively.

Conclusion
All six common DEC pathotypes that have the potential to cause severe diarrheal outbreaks were found in children in the study area; the dominant one being EAEC with a high rate of MDR.
Comparison of the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes of culture-positive septic shock and culture-negative septic shock among pediatric patients
Authors: Kim Da Hyun , Park Seong Jong , Jhang Won Kyoung 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
Among pediatric patients with septic shock, culture-negative septic shock (CNSS) is common but there have been limited data on its clinical characteristics and prognosis. We compared the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes between culture-positive septic shock (CPSS) and CNSS in pediatric patients.

Design
Retrospective single-center study.

Setting
Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary referral hospital.

Patients
All pediatric patients who were admitted to the PICU due to septic shock between January 2010 and November 2021, except for those with fungal or viral infections and those who expired on the day of admittance to the PICU. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality.

Interventions
None.

Measurements and main results
A total of 294 patients (CPSS group, n = 185 [62.9%]; CNSS group, n = 109 [37.1%]) were included. The rates of 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality (30-day mortality 22.7% vs 22%, in-hospital mortality 29.7% vs 25.7%) were not significantly different between the CPSS group and the CNSS group. The two groups showed comparable results in clinical outcomes such as the requirement for mechanical ventilator and renal replacement therapy, PICU stay duration, and the duration of MV and vasopressor/inotrope support. Among the CPSS group, 98 (53%) patients who were infected with multi-drug resistance (MDR) bacteria had significantly higher rates of 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality than those infected with non-MDR bacteria.

Conclusions
Among pediatric patients, the CPSS group and CNSS group did not show significant differences in clinical features and mortality. Among the CPSS group, those with MDR bacteria had poorer prognosis.
The safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in postoperative analgesic of PCNL: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jiang , Fang Shirong , Wang Yuxi , Wang Lin , Gao Lunan , Xin Tingting , Liu Yuxiu 
Published: July 2023

Background
The patients received percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with severe postoperative pain and discomfort. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB), as a new anesthesia method of plane block, has a positive effect on postoperative analgesia. But evidence of ESPB in PCNL is still lacking. The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the postoperative analgesic effect of ESPB in patients receiving PCNL.

Methods
The literature searching was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Clinical Trial Database (clinicaltrials.gov). Two independent researchers screened the included studies and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted by using the random-effect model with 95% confidence intervals. Chi-squared test with a significance level of 0.1 was utilized to evaluate the heterogeneity of included studies. The subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were conducted in studies with high heterogeneity. The publication bias was assessed based on whether there were discrepancies between prospective trial registration and reported protocols.

Results
There were 8 studies involving 456 patients assessing the efficacy of ESPB in reducing postoperative pain score of PCNL compared with no block or other blocks, such as subcutaneous infiltration, general anesthesia or TPVB intrathecal morphine. ESPB was a significantly effective and safe anesthesia method, which not only improved postoperative pain response (MD −1.76; 95% CI −2.57 to −0.94; I 2 = 85%; p<0.01), but also reduced analgesic consumption (MD −16.92; 95% CI −26.25 to −7.59; I 2 = 92.2%; p<0.01) and prolonged the time of first request for postoperative analgesia (MD 93.27; 95% CI 35.79 to 150.75; I 2 = 85.3%; p = 0.001) in patients receiving PCNL without significant postoperative complications (MD 0.80; 95% CI 0.31 to 2.03; I 2 = 0%; p = 0.404).

Conclusions
Compared with no block or other blocks, the ESPB was a safe and effective anesthesia for patients receiving PCNL.
English teachers’ perceptions of Task-Based Instruction in Risaralda, Colombia.
Authors: Velásquez Hoyos Angela Patricia 
Published: July 2023

This paper reports the findings of the bilingualism macro-project developed in the department of Risaralda which was aimed at determining English teachers’ perceptions after the implementation of Task-Based Instruction (TBI) in this department. This project used a qualitative paradigm with a narrative inquiry orientation to analyse the experiences of 12 English language teachers implementing TBI. Classroom observations, questionnaires and interviews were the instruments used to collect data from English teachers. The results indicated that English language educators in Risaralda find this methodology helpful to improve students’ English language skills as well as their engagement toward the English class, but they also manifest that implementing classes with TBI is time consuming and requires the design and adaptation of culture-sensitive materials. The results also report that English teachers experienced a methodological shift in their classes, changing from a structural approach to a more communicative one.