bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paired Root-Soil Samples and Metabarcoding Reveal Taxon-Based Colonization Strategies in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Communities in Japanese Cedar and Cypress Stands
Authors: Djotan Akotchiffor Kevin Geoffroy , Matsushita Norihisa , Fukuda Kenji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots and soil surrounding their hosts are typically independently investigated and little is known of the relationships between the communities of the two compartments. We simultaneously collected root and surrounding soil samples from Cryptomeria japonica (Cj) and Chamaecyparis obtusa (Co) at three environmentally different sites. Based on molecular and morphological analyses, we characterized their associated AMF communities. Cj was more densely colonized than Co and that root colonization intensity was significantly correlated with soil AMF diversity. The communities comprised 15 AMF genera dominated by Glomus and Paraglomus and 1443 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of which 1067 and 1170 were in roots and soil, respectively. AMF communities were significantly different among sites, and the root AMF communities were significantly different from those of soil at each site. The root and soil AMF communities responded differently to soil pH. At the genus level, Glomus and Acaulospora were abundant in roots while Paraglomus and Redeckera were abundant in soil. Our findings suggest that AMF colonizing roots are protected from environmental stresses in soil. However, the root-soil-abundant taxa have adapted to both environments and represent a model AMF symbiont. This evidence of strategic exploitation of the rhizosphere by AMF supports prior hypotheses and provides insights into community ecology.
D-optimal and nearly D-optimal exact designs for binary response on the ball
Authors: Radloff Martin , Schwabe Rainer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper the results of Radloff and Schwabe (Stat Papers 60:165–177, 2019) will be extended for a special class of symmetrical intensity functions. This includes binary response models with logit and probit link. To evaluate the position and the weights of the two non-degenerated orbits on thek-dimensional ball usually a system of three equations has to be solved. The symmetry allows to reduce this system to a single equation. As a further result, the number of support points can be reduced to the minimal number. These minimally supported designs are highly efficient. The results can be generalized to arbitrary ellipsoidal design regions.
Defects in lysosomal function and lipid metabolism in human microglia harboring a TREM2 loss of function mutation
Authors: Filipello Fabia , You Shih-Feng , Mirfakhar Farzaneh S. , Mahali Sidhartha , Bollman Bryan , Acquarone Mariana , Korvatska Olena , Marsh Jacob A. , Sivaraman Anirudh , Martinez Rita , Cantoni Claudia , De Feo Luca , Ghezzi Laura , Minaya Miguel A. , Renganathan Arun , Cashikar Anil G. , Satoh Jun-Ichi , Beatty Wandy , Iyer Abhirami K. , Cella Marina , Raskind Wendy H. , Piccio Laura , Karch Celeste M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTREM2 is an innate immune receptor expressed by microglia in the adult brain. Genetic variation in the TREM2 gene has been implicated in risk for Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, while homozygous TREM2 mutations cause a rare leukodystrophy, Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD). Despite extensive investigation, the role of TREM2 in NHD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which a homozygous stop-gain TREM2 mutation (p.Q33X) contributes to NHD. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia (iMGLs) were generated from two NHD families: three homozygous TREM2 p.Q33X mutation carriers (termed NHD), two heterozygous mutation carriers, one related non-carrier, and two unrelated non-carriers. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses revealed that iMGLs from NHD patients exhibited lysosomal dysfunction, downregulation of cholesterol genes, and reduced lipid droplets compared to controls. Also, NHD iMGLs displayed defective activation and HLA antigen presentation. This defective activation and lipid droplet content were restored by enhancing lysosomal biogenesis through mTOR-dependent and independent pathways. Alteration in lysosomal gene expression, such as decreased expression of genes implicated in lysosomal acidification (ATP6AP2) and chaperone mediated autophagy (LAMP2), together with reduction in lipid droplets were also observed in post-mortem brain tissues from NHD patients, thus closely recapitulating in vivo the phenotype observed in iMGLs in vitro. Our study provides the first cellular and molecular evidence that the TREM2 p.Q33X mutation in microglia leads to defects in lysosomal function and that compounds targeting lysosomal biogenesis restore a number of NHD microglial defects. A better understanding of how microglial lipid metabolism and lysosomal machinery are altered in NHD and how these defects impact microglia activation may provide new insights into mechanisms underlying NHD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Association between metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and IGF-1 in breast cancer survivors of DIANA-5 study
Authors: De Santi Mauro , Annibalini Giosuè , Marano Giuseppe , Biganzoli Giacomo , Venturelli Elisabetta , Pellegrini Massimo , Lucertini Francesco , Brandi Giorgio , Biganzoli Elia , Barbieri Elena , Villarini Anna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is positively associated with the risk of BC recurrence, and is more frequently dysregulated in older people, especially in those with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity. This study aimed to analyze the association between IGF-1 levels and indices of MetS and insulin resistance in BC survivors.

Methods
Baseline data of 563 BC survivors enrolled in the DIet and ANdrogen-5 (DIANA-5; NCT05019989) study were analyzed.

Results
Lower circulating IGF-1 levels in subjects with MetS than in those without MetS were found. After stratification of the patients according to the diagnosis of MetS, we highlighted that the insulin was the main predictor of elevated IGF-1 levels only in subjects without MetS. Moreover, we found an interaction between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glycemia, and IGF-1 levels, showing a positive correlation between HDL-C and IGF-1, especially in subjects with higher values of glycemia and without a diagnosis of MetS.

Conclusions
While IGF-1 levels appear to be much more impaired in subjects diagnosed with MetS, in non-MetS subjects, IGF-1 levels may respond better to metabolic parameters and lifestyle changes. Further studies are needed to analyze the role of physical activity and/or dietary intervention in modulating IGF-1 concentrations in BC survivors.

Implications for cancer survivors
These results could have important clinical implications for planning customized strategies aimed at modulating IGF-1 levels in BC survivors. In fact, while the IGF-1 system seems to be much more compromised in subjects with a diagnosis of MetS, in noMetS subjects, IGF-1 levels could better respond to lifestyle changes.
Sle-CNN: a novel convolutional neural network for sleep stage classification
Authors: Zhang Zhenman , Xue Yu , Slowik Adam , Yuan Ziming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany classical methods have been used in automatic sleep stage classification but few methods explore deep learning. Meanwhile, most deep learning methods require extensive expertise and suffer from a mass of handcrafted steps which are time-consuming. In this paper, we propose an efficient convolutional neural network, Sle-CNN, for five-sleep-stage classification. We attach each kernel in the first layers with a trainable coefficient to enhance the learning ability and flexibility of the kernel. Then, we make full use of the genetic algorithm’s heuristic search and the advantage of no need for the gradient to search for the sleep stage classification architecture. We verify the convergence of Sle-CNN and compare the performance of traditional convolutional neural networks before and after using the trainable coefficient. Meanwhile, we compare the performance between the Sle-CNN generated through genetic algorithm and the traditional convolutional neural networks. The experiments demonstrate that the convergence of Sle-CNN is faster than the normal convolutional neural networks and the Sle-CNN generated by genetic algorithm outperforms the traditional handcrafted counterparts too. Our research suggests that deep learning has a great potential on electroencephalogram signal processing, especially with the intensification of neural architecture search. Meanwhile, neural architecture search can exert greater power in practical engineering applications. We conduct the Sle-CNN with the Python library, Pytorch, and the code and models will be publicly available.
Qualitätssicherung bei der Anwendung von Standardarbeitsanweisungen (SAA) und erweiterten Versorgungsmaßnahmen in der Rettungsdienst-Kooperation in Schleswig-Holstein (RKiSH) gGmbH
Authors: Gnirke André , Krautz Thomas , Oehmke Lars , Marung Hartwig 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In den letzten Jahren hat die Anwendung sog. „erweiterter Versorgungsmaßnahmen“ (EVM) durch Notfallsanitäter*innen auf der Basis von Standardarbeitsanweisungen (SAA) in vielen Rettungsdienstbereichen zugenommen. Publikationen zu systematischen Untersuchungen der Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität dieses Verfahrens in Deutschland liegen bisher erst in geringer Zahl vor.

Ziel der Arbeit
Gegenstand dieser Publikation ist die Auswertung der erweiterten Maßnahmen zur Sicherstellung eines hohen Maßes an Qualität und Sicherheit sowie der Vergleich mit Arbeiten anderer Arbeitsgruppen. Dadurch sollen weitere Rettungsdienstbereiche angeregt werden, ähnlich systematische Prozesse zu etablieren und die bedarfsgerechte Umsetzung der Vorgaben des Notfallsanitätergesetzes (NotSanG) zu fördern.

Material und Methoden
Systematische Erfassung und Auswertung der SAA-Anwendungen durch Notfallsanitäter in der Rettungsdienst-Kooperation in Schleswig-Holstein (RKiSH) im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2015 bis 31.12.2019 unter Berücksichtigung von Indikation, Durchführung, Dokumentation, Komplikationen und Notstandssituationen.

Ergebnisse
Erweiterte medizinische Versorgungsmaßnahmen wurden in weniger als 2 % aller Notfalleinsätze dokumentiert. Die Durchführung erfolgte in den allermeisten Fällen (98,4 %) indikationsgerecht.

Diskussion
Der Anteil erweiterter Maßnahmen entspricht den Ergebnissen früherer Auswertungen aus dem deutschen Rettungsdienst. Als kritisch ist, in unserer wie auch in anderen Untersuchungen, die hohe Anzahl defizitärer Einsatzprotokolle zu bewerten (29 %). Diese könnten zu einer Gefährdung der Patientensicherheit insbesondere im Hinblick auf die klinische Weiterversorgung führen und Haftungsrisiken erhöhen.
The association between white matter tract structural connectivity and information processing speed in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chylińska Magdalena , Karaszewski Bartosz , Komendziński Jakub , Wyszomirski Adam , Hałas Marek , Szurowska Edyta , Sabisz Agnieszka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Information processing speed (IPS) deterioration is common in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients [1] and might severely affect quality of life and occupational activity. However, understanding of its neural substrate is not fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the associations between MRI-derived metrics of neuroanatomical structures, including the tracts, and IPS.

Methods
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), and Color Trails Test (CTT) were used to evaluate IPS in 73 RRMS consecutive patients, all undergoing only interferon beta (IFN-β) therapy during the study. At the same time, 1.5T MRI including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired for each recruited subject. We analyzed volumetric and diffusion MRI measures (FreeSurfer 6.0) including normalized brain volume (NBV), cortical thickness (thk), white matter hypointensities (WMH), volume (vol), diffusion parameters: mean (MD), radial (RD), axial (AD) diffusivities, and fractional anisotropy (FA) of 18 major white-matter (WM) tracts. Multiple linear regression model with interaction resulted in distinguishing the neural substrate of IPS deficit in the IPS impaired subgroup of patients.

Results
The most significant tract abnormalities contributing to IPS deficit were right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (R ILF) FA, forceps major (FMAJ) FA, forceps minor (FMIN) FA, R uncinate fasciculus (UNC) AD, R corticospinal tract (CST) FA, and left superior longitudinal fasciculus FA (L SLFT). Among volumetric MRI metrics, IPS deficit was associated with L and R thalamic vol. and cortical thickness of insular regions.

Conclusion
In this study, we showed that disconnection of the selected WM tracts, in addition to cortical and deep gray matter (GM) atrophy, might underlie IPS deficit in RRMS patients but more extensive studies are needed for precise associations.
Ghana ecological risks: a space law and science education approach to the management frameworks
Authors: Nartey Emmanuel K 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article discusses what Ghana needs for the development of legal and scientific education programmes to manage framework of biodiversity and the ecosystem. The first part of the article examines literature produced on this topic, which offers many clues about the challenges and opportunities facing Ghana, as well as the lessons that can be learned from both other space nations and actors in this field. When looking at perceptions, the second part explores material taken from ethically approved interviews which were conducted with experts in this field, whilst the third section provides an analysis of data taken from a survey in which respondents were asked targeted questions about Ghana’s space and science education programmes, before summarising the key findings. The findings help to better understand the effect of biodiversity and the ecosystem. Finally, it is recommended that future work is required in the areas of: preserving, sustaining and maintaining biodiversity and the ecosystems; management frameworks for invasive species and biosecurity; management frameworks for environmental degradation and climate change; a management framework that focuses on the fair and equitable access to and sharing of the benefits of biodiversity resources with all communities in Ghana; and assessing and including biodiversity and ecosystem in the development process of space law and science education.
Effect of copper, arsenic and nickel on pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification
Authors: Carboni Maria F. , Arriaga Sonia , Lens Piet N. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPyritic minerals generally occur in nature together with other trace metals as impurities, that can be released during the ore oxidation. To investigate the role of such impurities, the presence of copper (Cu(II)), arsenic (As(III)) and nickel (Ni(II)) during pyrite mediated autotrophic denitrification has been explored in this study at 30 °C with a specialized microbial community of denitrifiers as inoculum. The three metal(loid)s were supplemented at an initial concentration of 2, 5, and 7.5 ppm and only Cu(II) had an inhibitory effect on the autotrophic denitrification. The presence of As(III) and Ni(II) enhanced the nitrate removal efficiency with autotrophic denitrification rates between 3.3 [7.5 ppm As(III)] and 1.6 [7.5 ppm Ni(II)] times faster than the experiment without any metal(loid) supplementation. The Cu(II) batches, instead, decreased the denitrification kinetics with 16, 40 and 28% compared to the no-metal(loid) control for the 2, 5 and 7.5 ppm incubations, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that autotrophic denitrification with pyrite as electron donor, also with Cu(II) and Ni(II) additions, fits better a zero-order model, while the As(III) incubation followed first-order kinetic. The investigation of the extracellular polymeric substances content and composition showed more abundance of proteins, fulvic and humic acids in the metal(loid) exposed biomass.
Graphical Abstract
Positive Prospective Mental Imagery Characteristics in Young Adults and Their Associations with Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Marciniak Marta Anna , Shanahan Lilly , Binder Harald , Kalisch Raffael , Kleim Birgit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Positive prospective mental imagery plays an important role in mental well-being, and depressive symptoms have been associated with difficulties in generating positive prospective mental images (PPMIs). We used a mobile app to gather PPMIs generated by young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed content, characteristics, and associations with depressive symptoms.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial with 95 healthy young adults allocated into two groups (intervention and control). Participants used the mobile app decreasing mental health symptoms for seven consecutive days. Fifty participants in the intervention group reported PPMIs at least three times per day using a mobile app inducing PPMI generation. We categorized entries into themes and applied moderation models to investigate associations between PPMI characteristics and depressive symptoms.

Results
We distinguished 25 PPMI themes. The most frequent were related to consuming food and drinks, watching TV/streaming platforms, and doing sports. Vividness and ease of generation of PPMIs, but not their anticipation, pleasure intensity or number of engagements with the app were associated with fewer depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
We identified PPMI themes in young adults and found significant negative associations between depressive symptoms and vividness and generation ease of PPMIs. These results may inform prevention and intervention science, including the design of personalized interventions. We discuss implications for future studies and treatment development for individuals experiencing diminished PPMI.
“Extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Predict University Students’ Intentions to Use Metaverse-Based Learning Platforms”
Authors: Al-Adwan Ahmad Samed , Li Na , Al-Adwan Amer , Abbasi Ghazanfar Ali , Albelbisi Nour Awni , Habibi Akhmad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetaverse, which combines a number of information technologies, is the Internet of the future. A media for immersive learning, metaverse could set future educational trends and lead to significant reform in education. Although the metaverse has the potential to improve the effectiveness of online learning experiences, metaverse-based educational implementations are still in their infancy. Additionally, what factors impact higher education students’ adoption of the educational metaverse remains unclear. Consequently, the aim of this study is to explore the main factors that affect higher education students’ behavioral intentions to adopt metaverse technology for education. This study has proposed an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to achieve this aim. The novelty of this study resides in its conceptual model, which incorporates both technological, personal, and inhibiting/enabling factors. The empirical data were collected via online questionnaires from 574 students in both private and public universities in Jordan. Based on the PLS-SEM analysis, the study identifies perceived usefulness, personal innovativeness in IT, and perceived enjoyment as key enablers of students’ behavioral intentions to adopt the metaverse. Additionally, perceived cyber risk is found as the main inhibitor of students’ metaverse adoption intentions. Surprisingly, the effect of perceived ease of use on metaverse adoption intentions is found to be insignificant. Furthermore, it is found that self-efficacy, personal innovativeness, and perceived cyber risk are the main determinants of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. While the findings of this study contribute to the extension of the TAM model, the practical value of these findings is significant since they will help educational authorities understand each factor’s role and enable them to plan their future strategies.
High spatial and temporal variation in biomass composition of the novel aquaculture target Ecklonia radiata
Authors: Nepper-Davidsen Jacob , Glasson Christopher R. K. , Lawton Rebecca J. , Magnusson Marie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe biomass composition of kelp varies within species both spatially and temporally. However, this variation in biomass quality has not yet been investigated for the native kelpEcklonia radiatawithin New Zealand, where the kelp is a target for the emerging seaweed aquaculture industry. In this study we quantified spatial and temporal variation in the composition ofE. radiatabiomass, collected from 12 sites around the North Island of New Zealand and from 12 months across a full year at a single site (n = 138). High spatial variation was detected for most components, including alginate (range: 16.6 – 22.7% DW,n = 12), fucoidan (range: 1.2 – 1.6% DW,n = 12), phlorotannins (range: 4.8 – 9.3% DW,n = 72), and glucose (range: 9.3 – 22.6% DW,n = 12). The biomass composition ofE. radiatavaried significantly among sites but with no clear patterns among regions, indicating that geographic differences were mostly local rather than regional, possibly due to site-specific environmental conditions. Significant temporal variation (measured by positive autocorrelation between months) was detected in the content of lipids, proteins, glucose, guluronic acid, nitrogen, phosphorous, iodine, arsenic, and mercury, and for the mannuronic to guluronic acid (M:G) ratio. Overall,E. radiatahad comparable biomass composition to that of commercially grown northern hemisphere species but with substantially higher phlorotannin content. These results demonstrate thatE. radiatacould be a viable southern hemisphere alternative for a broad range of commercial applications.
Microstructural, biocompatibility and mechanical investigation of MgHAp and AgHAp: Comparative report
Authors: Mahanty Anuradha , Shikha Deep 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is imperative to investigate the effect of addition of different size metallic ions in HAp and study the changes in biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Silver and magnesium ions are two vital ions needed in our body. Silver ions are known to inhibit the microbes, while magnesium ions are known to increase the mechanical properties. The present study reports the comparative properties of MgHAp and AgHAp synthesised by sol-gel wet chemical method. Changes in the morphology, phase analysis, corrosion resistance, dielectric properties, hardness and the thrombus behaviour of HAp doped Ag and Mg ions has been investigated. In this work, we have presented a comparative study of both the metal doped ionsto find which of the ions and which weight percent of the ions can be best suited to be incorporated into the HAp matrix for hard tissue implants. All wt% AgHAp showed the better corrosion resistance than all the MgHAp samples. However, MgHAp showed higher value of hardness in comparison to AgHAp samples. The mechanical strength was found to increase with the increase in Mg wt% in MgHAp but for AgHAp the hardness value decreased with increase in the concentration. The impedance and dielectric loss decreased with increasing frequency for both the samples. Both the ion doped hydroxyapatite showed moderate clotting behaviour as compared to pure HAp. But 2 wt% MgHAp and 4 wt% AgHAp showed better thrombogenic behaviour.Graphical abstract