bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species phylogeny, ecology, and root traits as predictors of root exudate composition
Authors: Rathore Nikita , Hanzelková Věra , Dostálek Tomáš , Semerád Jaroslav , Schnablová Renáta , Cajthaml Tomáš , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Root traits including root exudates are key factors affecting plant interactions with soil and thus play an important role in determining ecosystem processes. The drivers of their variation, however, remain poorly understood. We determined the relative importance of phylogeny and species ecology in determining root traits and analyzed the extent to which root exudate composition can be predicted by other root traits.
We measured different root morphological and biochemical traits (including exudate profiles) of 65 plant species grown in a controlled system. We tested phylogenetic conservatism in traits and disentangled the individual and overlapping effects of phylogeny and species ecology on traits. We also predicted root exudate composition using other root traits.
Phylogenetic signal differed greatly among root traits, with the strongest signal in phenol content in plant tissues. Interspecific variation in root traits was partly explained by species ecology, but phylogeny was more important in most cases. Species exudate composition could be partly predicted by specific root length, root dry matter content, root biomass, and root diameter, but a large part of variation remained unexplained.
In conclusion, root exudation cannot be easily predicted based on other root traits and more comparative data on root exudation are needed to understand their diversity.
Joint probabilities under expected value constraints, transportation problems, maximum entropy in the mean
Authors: Gzyl Henryk , Mayoral Silvia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHere we consider an application of the method of maximum entropy in the mean to solve an extension of the problem of finding a discrete probability distribution from the knowledge of its marginals. The extension consists of determining joint probabilities when, besides specifying the marginals, we specify the expected value of some given random variables. The proposed method can incorporate constraints as the the requirement that the joint probabilities have to fall within known ranges. To motivate, think of the marginal probabilities as demands or supplies, and of the joint probability as the fraction of the supplies to be shipped from the production sites to the demand sites, thus joint probabilities become transportation policies. Fixing the cost of a transportation policy is equivalent to requiring that the unknown probability yields a given value to some random variable, and prescribing the range for each unknown may have an economical interpretation.
Apheresis medicine education during the early phase of theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Treml Angela , Joshi Sarita A. , Stephens Laura Dilly , Zantek Nicole D. , Tanhehco Yvette C. , Mason Holli M. , Li Yanhua , Srivaths Poyyapakkam , Mattiazzi Adela D. , Schwartz Joseph , Wehrli Gay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic introduced challenges and disruption across healthcare, including apheresis medicine (AM). In this study, we report findings from a survey conducted among American Society for Apheresis Physician Committee (ASFA‐PC) members to describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on AM education practices.Study design and methodsA voluntary, anonymous, 24‐question, institutional review board‐approved survey regarding AM teaching during the pandemic was distributed to ASFA‐PC members in the United States between December 1, 2020, and December 15, 2020. Descriptive analyses were reported as number and frequency of respondents for each question. Free text responses were summarized.ResultsResponses were received from 14/31 (45%) of ASFA‐PC members, of whom 12 practiced at academic institutions. Among these, 11/12 (92%) transitioned to virtual platform for AM trainee conferences during the pandemic. A variety of resources were employed to support independent AM learning. While 7/12 (58%) respondents did not change the informed consent process for AM procedures, others delegated this process or introduced remote alternatives. The most common method respondents used to conduct AM patient rounding was a hybrid in‐person/virtual model.ConclusionThis survey describes the adaptations and changes AM practitioners made to trainee education in response to the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The transition to virtual and/or hybrid trainee learning and AM rounds underscores the importance of digital AM resources. Further study of the effects of the pandemic and its impact on AM trainee education, as well as patient care is warranted.
Entanglement entropy and complexity in the holographic model of superfluid
Authors: Lai Chuyu , Pan Qiyuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe numerically study the holographic entangle-ment entropy and complexity conjectured with the volume in the holographic superfluid with full backreaction which can realize first and second order phase transitions. Our results show that both the entanglement entropy and complexity exhibit the behaviors characterizing the type of the transition. For the first order phase transition, there is a fast drop of the entanglement entropy and a fast jump of the complexity at the critical temperature, while both of them are continuous but non-differentiable at the second order phase transition point. These suggest that both of holographic entanglement entropy and complexity may be used as a good probe to the type of superfluid phase transition. Moreover, at a fixed temperature in the superfluid phase, we observe that the increasing superfluid velocity increases the entanglement entropy but decreases the complexity. Interestingly, we find that, for the condensation operators $$\mathcal {O}_{+}$$

O
+

and $$\mathcal {O}_{-}$$

O
-

, the dependence of holographic entanglement entropy on the backreaction is inconsistent and so is the dependence of holographic complexity on the superfluid velocity in the normal phase, which indicates that the entanglement entropy and complexity may reflect deep physics about the difference between the two operators in the superfluid dual system.
Hopping of elliptical pebbles on the beach and laboratory results
Authors: Winzer K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOn sandy ocean beaches, amongst many irregularly shaped pebbles, a surprisingly large number of pebbles that are nearly perfect ellipsoids may also be found. These elliptical stones are characterized by the density $$\rho$$
ρ
of the mineral and by the length of their symmetry axes (a, b, c) with (a > b > c). The grinding process which forms the ab-plane of the ellipsoid relates to the rotation around the axis of the greatest moment of inertia (c-axis) in the surf. In a recent paper by fairly simple physical arguments, it was shown that by this rotation around the c-axis the ellipticity $$\varepsilon$$
ε
always increases. This is in agreement with the empirical observation that on sandy beaches of the oceans no spherical or disc-like pebbles can be found. If the pebble velocity during the rotation becomes too large, then hopping of the pebble sets in. This is caused by the fact that the centre-of-mass acceleration during fast rotation exceeds the gravity acceleration g. Since greater forces occur for jumping than for rolling, the hopping can have a strong influence on the b/a-ratio of the elliptical pebble. In this work, it will be shown that the b-axis is worn away more than the a-axis by erosion with jumping. In a laboratory study with a model of an elliptical cylinder, the theoretical results were checked and partially confirmed.
Consistency Constraints for Mapping Dataflow Graphs to Hybrid Dataflow/von Neumann Architectures
Authors: Schneider Klaus , Bhagyanath Anoop 
Published: July 2023

Dataflow process networks (DPNs) provide a convenient model of computation that is often used to model system behavior in model-based designs. With fixed sets of nodes, they are also used as dataflow graphs as an intermediate program representation by compilers to uncover instruction-level parallelism of sequential programs. Many recent processor architectures, which are still von Neumann architectures, also use dataflow computing to increase their exploitation of instruction-level parallelism by exposing their datapaths so that the compiler can take care of the allocation of processing units (PUs), the execution schedules of instructions on the PUs, and the communication of intermediate values between PUs. If the communication paths are buffered, these architectures can be abstracted into a DPN architecture whose PUs and interconnection network are DPN nodes.
In this article, we introduce a DPN abstraction of hybrid dataflow/von Neumann architectures and consider the mapping of the nodes of a given dataflow graph to the PUs of such a DPN architecture such that there are no conflicts due to the mapping of different nodes to the same PU. We express the allocation and scheduling constraints in terms of propositional logic for the original dataflow graph and for a modified version of the dataflow graph that simplifies the constraints by introducing levels using copy nodes, such that all nodes receive inputs only from nodes of the previous level. We also formulate equisatisfiable SMT constraints using integer variables to reason directly about the parallel runtime. On this basis, we further present alternative SAT constraints that explicitly encode concurrency, and discuss variants of the constraints for a better understanding of the same.
Safety and Tolerability of a Novel Anti-HER2 Antibody–Drug Conjugate (PF-06804103) in Patients with HER2-Expressing Solid Tumors: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Calvo Emiliano , Lee Keun Seok , Moreno Victor , Park Yeon Hee , Rha Sun Young , Chalasani Pavani , Zhong Wei , Zhou Li , Pirie-Shepherd Steven , Leung Abraham C.F. , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
PF-06804103 is an anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugate with auristatin payload. We evaluated its safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity in patients with advanced/unresectable or metastatic breast and gastric cancers. This multicenter, open-label, first-in-human, phase 1 study (NCT03284723) comprised dose escalation (P1) and dose expansion (P2). In P1, adults with HER2+ breast or gastric cancer received PF-06804103 0.15–5.0 mg/kg intravenously once/21 days (Q3W); in P2, patients with HER2+ or HER2-low (IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH−) breast cancer received 3.0 or 4.0 mg/kg Q3W. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and safety (P1), and objective response rate (ORR) assessed using RECIST v1.1 (P2). Ninety-three patients enrolled in P1 (n = 47: HER2+ gastric cancer = 22, HER2+ breast cancer = 25) and P2 [n = 46: HER2+ breast cancer = 19, hormone receptor (HR)+ HER2-low breast cancer = 27] received PF-06804103. Four patients (3.0- and 4.0-mg/kg groups, n = 2 each) had DLTs (mostly Grade 3). Safety and efficacy results showed a dose–response relationship. Adverse events (AE) leading to treatment discontinuation (44/93, 47.3%) included neuropathy (11/93, 11.8%), skin toxicity (9/93, 9.7%), myalgia (5/93, 5.4%), keratitis (3/93, 3.2%), and arthralgia (2/93, 2.2%). Two (2/79, 2.5%) patients (P1, 4.0- and 5.0-mg/kg groups, n = 1 each) achieved complete response; 21 (21/79, 26.6%) achieved partial response. In P2, ORR was higher in HER2+ compared with HR+ HER2-low breast cancer [3.0 mg/kg: 16.7% (2/12) vs. 10.0% (1/10); 4.0 mg/kg: 47.4% (9/19) vs. 27.3% (3/11)]. PF-06804103 demonstrated antitumor activity; however, AEs led to discontinuation in 47.3% of patients. Safety and efficacy were dose-dependent.
Associations of Tissue and Soluble LOX‐1 with Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Hofmann Anja , Khorzom Yazan , Klimova Anna , Wolk Steffen , Busch Albert , Sabarstinski Pamela , Müglich Margarete , Egorov Dmitry , Kopaliani Irakli , Poitz David M. , Kapalla Marvin , Hamann Bianca , Frank Frieda , Jänichen Christian , Brunssen Coy , Morawietz Henning , Reeps Christian 
Published: July 2023

Background
Indication for prophylactic surgical abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair depends on the maximal aortic diameter. The lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) is the major receptor for uptake of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and is implicated in atherosclerosis. A soluble form of LOX‐1 (sLOX‐1) has been discussed as a novel biomarker in coronary artery disease and stroke. Herein, we assessed the regulation of aortic LOX‐1 as well as the diagnostic and risk stratification potential of sLOX‐1 in patients with AAA.

Methods and Results

Serum sLOX‐1 was assessed in a case–control study in AAA (n=104) and peripheral artery disease (n=104). sLOX‐1 was not statistically different between AAA and peripheral artery disease but was higher in AAA (β=1.28,
P
=0.04) after adjusting for age, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, prescription of statins, β‐blockers, ACE inhibitors, and therapeutic anticoagulation. sLOX‐1 was not associated with the aortic diameter, AAA volume, or the thickness of the intraluminal thrombus. Aortic LOX‐1 mRNA expression tended to be higher in AAA when compared with disease, and expression was positively associated with cleaved caspase‐3, smooth muscle actin, collagen, and macrophage content.

Conclusions
In AAA, sLOX‐1 was differently affected by age, cardiometabolic diseases, and corresponding medical therapies. Comparison with nonatherosclerotic disease would be beneficial to further elucidate the diagnostic potential of sLOX‐1, although it was not useful for risk stratification. Aneurysmal LOX‐1 mRNA expression was increased and positively associated with smooth muscle cells and collagen content, suggesting that LOX‐1 is eventually not deleterious in human AAA and could counteract AAA rupture.
Poor Concordance of One‐Third Anterior–Posterior Chest Diameter Measurements With Absolute Age‐Specific Chest Compression Depth Targets in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Ong Gene Y. , Chen Zhao Jin , Niles Dana E. , Srinivasan Vijay , Sen Anita I. , Skellett Sophie , Ikeyama Takanari , del Castillo Jimena , Berg Robert A. , Nadkarni Vinay M. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Current pediatric cardiac arrest guidelines recommend depressing the chest by one‐third anterior–posterior diameter (APD), which is presumed to equate to absolute age‐specific chest compression depth targets (4 cm for infants and 5 cm for children). However, no clinical studies during pediatric cardiac arrest have validated this presumption. We aimed to study the concordance of measured one‐third APD with absolute age‐specific chest compression depth targets in a cohort of pediatric patients with cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective observational study from a multicenter, pediatric resuscitation quality collaborative (pediRES‐Q [Pediatric Resuscitation Quality Collaborative]) from October 2015 to March 2022. In‐hospital patients with cardiac arrest ≤12 years old with APD measurements recorded were included for analysis. One hundred eighty‐two patients (118 infants >28 days old to <1 year old, and 64 children 1 to 12 years old) were analyzed. The mean one‐third APD of infants was 3.2 cm (SD, 0.7 cm), which was significantly smaller than the 4 cm target depth (
P
<0.001). Seventeen percent of the infants had one‐third APD measurements within the 4 cm ±10% target range. For children, the mean one‐third APD was 4.3 cm (SD, 1.1 cm). Thirty‐nine percent of children had one‐third APD within the 5 cm ±10% range. Except for children 8 to 12 years old and overweight children, the measured mean one‐third APD of the majority of the children was significantly smaller than the 5 cm depth target (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
There was poor concordance between measured one‐third APD and absolute age‐specific chest compression depth targets, particularly for infants. Further study is needed to validate current pediatric chest compression depth targets and evaluate the optimal chest compression depth to improve cardiac arrest outcomes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02708134.
Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Adherence and Health Care Resource Use in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Cistulli Peter A. , Malhotra Atul , Cole Kate V. , Malik Anita S. , Pépin Jean‐Louis , Sert Kuniyoshi Fatima H. , Benjafield Adam V. , Somers Virend K. , Cistulli Peter A. , Malhotra Atul , Pépin Jean‐Louis , Benjafield Adam V. , Sterling Kimberly L. , Nunez Carlos M. , Barrett Meredith , Armitstead Jeff 
Published: July 2023

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, current evidence is equivocal regarding the potential benefits of treating OSA with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in HFpEF. This study assessed the association between adherence to PAP therapy and health care resource use in patients with OSA and HFpEF.

Methods and Results

Administrative insurance claims data linked with objective PAP therapy usage data from patients with OSA and HFpEF were used to determine associations between PAP adherence and a composite outcome including hospitalizations and emergency room visits. One‐year PAP adherence was based on an adapted US Medicare definition. Propensity score methods were used to create groups with similar characteristics across PAP adherence levels. The study cohort included 4237 patients (54.0% female, mean age 64.1 years); 40% were considered adherent to PAP therapy (30% intermediate adherent, 30% nonadherent). In the matched cohort, PAP‐adherent patients had fewer health care resource use visits than nonadherent patients, a 57% decrease in hospitalizations, and a 36% decrease in emergency room visits versus the year before PAP initiation. Total health care costs were lower in adherent patients than nonadherent patients ($12 732 versus $15 610,
P
<0.001). Outcomes for intermediately adherent patients were most similar to those for nonadherent patients.

Conclusions
Treating OSA with PAP therapy in patients with HFpEF was associated with a reduction in health care resource use. These data highlight the importance of managing concomitant OSA in patients with HFpEF, and the need for strategies to enhance PAP adherence in this population.
Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Hurskainen Matilda , Tynkkynen Juho , Eskola Markku , Lehtimäki Terho , Hernesniemi Jussi 
Published: July 2023

Background
Stroke incidence is elevated after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The aim of this study was to characterize risk factors related to ischemic stroke (IS) after ACS.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective registry study based on the data of 8049 consecutive patients treated for ACS between 2007 and 2018 in Tays Heart Hospital with a follow‐up until December 31, 2020. Potential risk factors were identified by in‐depth review of written hospital records and causes‐of‐death registry data maintained by Statistics Finland. The association between individual risk factors, early‐onset IS (0–30 days after ACS, n=82), and late‐onset IS (31 days to 14 years after ACS, n=419) were analyzed using logistic regression and subdistribution hazard analysis. In multivariable analysis, the most substantial risk factors for early‐ and late‐onset IS were previous stroke, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and heart failure status depicted by the Killip classification. Left ventricular ejection fraction and coronary artery disease severity were significant risk factors for early‐onset IS; age and peripheral artery disease were significant risk factors for late‐onset IS. The risk of early‐onset IS with ≥6 CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score points (odds ratio, 6.63 [95% Cl, 3.63–12.09];
P
<0.001) was notable compared with patients with 1 to 3 points as well as the risk of late‐onset IS with ≥6 points (subdistribution hazard, 6.03 [95% Cl, 3.71–9.81];
P
<0.001) in comparison with patients with 1 point.

Conclusions

Factors related to high thromboembolic risk also predict IS risk after ACS. CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score and its individual components are strong predictors for both early‐ and late‐onset IS.
Outcomes of COVID‐19–Positive Donor Heart Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Kim Samuel T. , Iyengar Amit , Helmers Mark R. , Weingarten Noah , Rekhtman David , Song Cindy , Shin Max , Cevasco Marisa , Atluri Pavan 
Published: July 2023

Background
Little is known regarding the impact of donor COVID‐19 status on recipient outcomes after heart transplantation. In this study, we characterize outcomes of the first 110 heart transplants from organ donors positive for COVID‐19 (COVID‐19+) in the United States.

Methods and Results

Retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database was performed for single‐organ adult heart transplants from January 2020 to March 2022. Donor COVID‐19+ status was defined as a positive nucleic acid amplification, antigen, or other COVID‐19 test within 7 days of transplant. Nearest‐neighbor propensity score matching used to adjust for differences between recipients of COVID‐19+ and nonpositive donor hearts. Overall, 7251 heart transplants were included in analysis, with 110 using COVID‐19+ donor hearts. Recipients of COVID‐19+ allografts were younger (54 [interquartile range, 41–61]) versus 57 [46–64] years;
P
=0.02) but had similar rates of female sex and non‐White race compared with those receiving allografts from negative donors. Nearest‐neighbor propensity score matching resulted in 100 well‐matched pairs of recipients of COVID‐19+ versus nonpositive donor organs. The 2 matched groups had similar median lengths of stay (15 [11–23] days versus 15 [13–23] days;
P
=0.40), rates of graft failure (1% versus 0%;
P
=0.99), 30‐day death (3% versus 3%;
P
=0.99), and 3‐month survival (88% versus 94%;
P
=0.23) compared with recipients of nonpositive donors. No deaths occurred due to COVID‐19 infection among the 8 (7%) total deceased recipients of COVID‐19+ allografts to date.

Conclusions
Short‐term outcomes of heart transplant recipients receiving COVID‐19+ donor organs are reassuring. However, continued monitoring for long‐term survival and potential complications are warranted.