bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible use of visual and acoustic cues during roost finding in Spix’s disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor)
Authors: Gioiosa Miriam , Araya-Salas Marcelo , Castillo-Salazar Christian , Chaves-Ramírez Silvia , Gioiosa Maurizio , Rojas Nazareth , Sánchez-Chavarría Mariela , Scaravelli Dino , Chaverri Gloriana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The ability of an animal to detect environmental cues is crucial for its survival and fitness. In bats, sound certainly plays a significant role in the search for food, spatial navigation, and social communication. Yet, the efficiency of bat’s echolocation could be limited by atmospheric attenuation and background clutter. In this context, sound can be complemented by other sensory modalities, like smell or vision. Spix’s disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor) uses acoustic cues from other group members to locate the roost (tubular unfurled leaves of plants in the order Zingiberales). Our research focused on how individuals find a roost that has not been yet occupied, considering the urge to find a suitable leaf approximately every day, during nighttime or in daylight. We observed the process of roost finding in T. tricolor in a flight cage, manipulating the audio/visual sensory input available for each trial. A broadband noise was broadcast in order to mask echolocation, while experiments conducted at night reduced significantly the amount of light. We measured the time needed to locate the roost under these different conditions. Results show that with limited visual and acoustic cues, search time increases significantly. In contrast bats seemed capable of using acoustic and visual cues in a similarly efficient manner, since roost search showed no strong differences in duration when bats could use only sound, only vision, or both senses at the same time. Our results show that non-acoustic inputs can still be an important source of information for finding critical resources in bats.
Role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: multicentre, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hoogwater Frederik J H , Kuipers Hendrien , de Meijer Vincent E , Maulat Charlotte , Muscari Fabrice , Polak Wojciech G , van Hoek Bart , Jézéquel Caroline , Alwayn Ian P J , Ijzermans Jan N M , Mohkam Kayvan , Mabrut Jean-Yves , Van Vilsteren Frederike G I , Adam Jean-Philippe , Chiche Laurence , Chebaro Alexandre , Boleslawski Emmanuel , Dubbeld Jeroen , Murad Sarwa Darwish , Rayar Michel , Porte Robert J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Mayo protocol for liver transplantation in patients with unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is based on strict selection and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in this scenario remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma using strict selection criteria, either with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.MethodsThis was an international, multicentre, retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent transplantation between 2011 and 2020 for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma using the Mayo selection criteria and receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or not receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Endpoints were post-transplant survival, post-transplant morbidity rate, and time to recurrence.ResultsOf 49 patients who underwent liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, 27 received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and 22 did not. Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year post-transplantation survival rates were 65 per cent, 51 per cent and 41 per cent respectively in the group receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and 91 per cent, 68 per cent and 53 per cent respectively in the group not receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (1-year hazards ratio (HR) 4.55 (95 per cent c.i. 0.98 to 21.13), P = 0.053; 3-year HR 2.07 (95 per cent c.i. 0.78 to 5.54), P = 0.146; 5-year HR 1.71 (95 per cent c.i. 0.71 to 4.09), P = 0.229). Hepatic vascular complications were more frequent in the group receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared with the group not receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nine of 27 versus two of 22, P = 0.045). In multivariable analysis, tumour recurrence occurred less frequently in the group receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (HR 0.30 (95 per cent c.i. 0.09 to 0.97), P = 0.044).ConclusionIn selected patients undergoing liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy resulted in a lower risk of tumour recurrence, but was associated with a higher rate of early hepatic vascular complications. Adjustments in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy reducing the risk of hepatic vascular complications, such as omitting radiotherapy, may further improve the outcome in patients undergoing liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
A new morphogenetic type of fruit for Hamamelidaceae: the case of Loropetalum
Authors: Zdravchev Nikita S , Bobrov Alexey V F Ch , Romanov Mikhail S , Iovlev Petr S , Timchenko Anton S , Sorokin Alexey N , Mikhaylova Anna A , Stevanovich Milana B , Roslov Maxim S , Romanova Ekaterina S , Vasekha Natalia D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the current reassessment of the phylogeny of Hamamelidaceae, the problem of revealing the apomorphies and plesiomorphies in this group arises and peculiarities of histogenesis of the reproductive structures deserve recognition. With the aim to fill in the gap in the data on fruit structure in Hamamelidaceae, we focused on investigating the processes of fruit organogenesis and histogenesis of the fruit wall in Loropetalum. The fruit of L. chinense is an almost inferior dimerous syncarpous loculicidal (dorsoventrally dehiscent) capsule with the mature fruit wall differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. The main tissue of the epicarp and the peripheral zone of the mesocarp are composed of thin-walled cells with scattered brachysclereids, whereas the inner zone of the mesocarp consists of fibre-like sclereids. The endocarp finishes its differentiation at the young fruit stage and is represented in mature fruit by several layers of thin-walled cells. The fruit of L. chinense represents capsules of the Forsythia type, which have not been previously described for Hamamelidaceae, and it differs from capsules of the Hamamelis type described for Hamamelis, Corylopsis and Fothergilla. The revealed characters of L. chinense fruits indicate the possibility of transformation of the explosive capsule into a pyrenarium.
Predictive performance of established cardiovascular risk scores in the prediabetic population: external validation using the UK Biobank data set
Authors: Li Miaohong , Lin Yifen , Zhong Xiangbin , Huang Rihua , Zhang Shaozhao , Liu Menghui , Liu Sen , Ye Xiaomin , Xu Xinghao , Huang Yiquan , Xiong Zhenyu , Guo Yue , Liao Xinxue , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Prediabetes is a highly heterogenous metabolic state with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current guidelines raised the necessity of CVD risk scoring for prediabetes without clear recommendations. Thus, this study aimed to systematically assess the performance of 11 models, including five general population-based and six diabetes-specific CVD risk scores, in prediabetes.

Methods and results
A cohort of individuals aged 40–69 years with prediabetes (HbA1c ≥ 5.7 and &lt;6.5%) and without baseline CVD or known diabetes was identified from the UK Biobank, which was used to validate 11 prediction models for estimating 10- or 5-year risk of CVD. Model discrimination and calibration were evaluated by Harrell's C-statistic and calibration plots, respectively. We further performed decision curve analyses to assess the clinical usefulness.
Overall, 56 831 prediabetic individuals were included, of which 4303 incident CVD events occurred within a median follow-up of 8.9 years. All the 11 risk scores assessed had modest C-statistics for discrimination ranging from 0.647 to 0.680 in prediabetes. Scores developed in the general population did not outperform those diabetes-specific models (C-statistics, 0.647–0.675 vs. 0.647–0.680), while the PREDICT-1° Diabetes equation developed for Type 2 diabetes performed best [0.680 (95% confidence interval, 0.672–0.689)]. The calibration plots suggested overall poor calibration except that the PREDICT-1° Diabetes equation calibrated well after recalibration. The decision curves generally indicated moderate clinical usefulness of each model, especially worse within high threshold probabilities.

Conclusion
Neither risk stratification schemes for the general population nor those specific for Type 2 diabetes performed well in the prediabetic population. The PREDICT-1° Diabetes equation could be a substitute in the absence of better alternatives, rather than the general population-based scores. More precise and targeted risk assessment tools for this population remain to be established.
Women with unwanted pregnancies, their psychosocial problems, and contraceptive use in primary care in Northern Netherlands: insights from a primary care registry database
Authors: Dijkstra Claartje I , Dalmijn Eline W , Bolt Sophie H , Groenhof Feikje , Peters Lilian L , Jansen Danielle E M C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Globally an estimated 1 in 16 women per year experience an unwanted pregnancy (UWP). In the Netherlands, general practitioners (GPs) play an important role in providing care for women with UWP; however, it is unknown how many of these women consult their GP about the pregnancy. UWPs are a major life experience with a possible influence on mental health. Data that GPs register about UWPs, psychosocial problems, and contraceptive use could give more insight into care needs.

Aims
To create an overview of (i) the prevalence of UWPs in general practice, (ii) the prevalence of psychosocial problems in women with UWP, and (iii) contraceptive use of women with UWP.

Methods
GP registration data were analysed from 58 general practices located in Northern Netherlands between 2015 and 2019. Patient files were checked for registration of ICPC and ATC codes concerning pregnancy, psychosocial health, and contraceptive use. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to calculate differences between women with a UWP and women with a wanted pregnancy (WP). An analysis of registration dates was conducted to determine when the psychosocial problems were registered in relation to the pregnancy.

Results
Of female patients of reproductive age, 1.6% had a UWP and 11.8% had a WP. Women with a UWP reported statistically significantly more psychosocial problems. Furthermore, statistically significantly more contraceptive methods were prescribed to women with UWP compared with both women with WP and women without pregnancy.

Discussion and conclusion
The finding that women with UWP experience more psychosocial problems can be used to improve aftercare and can be incorporated into current guidelines for GPs.
The politics of Catholic humanitarian aid: missionaries and American relief in Algeria (1942–47)
Authors: Taithe Bertrand 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article examines the politics of the Catholic American aid delivered in French-controlled Algeria between 1942 and 1947. Using the archives of the White Fathers (Missionnaires d’Afrique), the Archives Nationales d’Outre Mer and the archives of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops at the Catholic University of America in Washington this article traces how humanitarian relief funds sent in support of missionaries in Algeria altered their status in the colonial order. The article focuses on the transformative aspects of this American intervention in a complex colonial environment. It argues that the American Catholic intervention, with its focus on indigenous patients rather than colonial settlers, renewed older and broader provisions of missionary relief in Algeria. American aid funded missionary work and resourced social work and later aligned Catholic relief with anti-communist activities in France.
The Association of Self-Perception of Aging and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Velaithan Vithya , Tan Min-Min , Yu Ting-Fai , Liem Andrian , Teh Pei-Lee , Su Tin Tin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Self-perception of aging is an important psychosocial factor that can influence quality of life in older age. This review aimed to synthesize findings on the association between self-perception of aging and quality of life among older adults aged 60 and above.

Research Design and Methods
A systematic search was conducted in 4 electronic databases (Ovid Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science). Studies conducted in English and including measures on the perception of aging and quality of life were included in this review. A total of 32 observational studies (21 cross-sectional, 8 longitudinal, 2 mixed-method, and 1 qualitative) met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes reported in the included studies were quality of life, physical health and functioning, psychological health, mental health, and general well-being.

Results
Overall, 20 quantitative studies indicated a strong association between positive perception of aging and increased quality of life. Similarly, 9 quantitative studies demonstrated that negative perception of aging is associated with lower quality of life. Results of the mixed-method and qualitative studies indicated that older adults with higher morale and good physical capability had more positive perceptions of health.

Discussion and Implications
These results suggest that promoting a positive perception of aging and a self-care attitude would help to enhance older adults’ quality of life and should be incorporated into future health promotions and interventions.
Self-Reported Chronic Stress Is Unique Across Lifetime Periods: A Test of Competing Structural Equation Models
Authors: Brasfield Mikenzi B , Bui Chuong , Patihis Lawrence , Crowther Martha R , Allen Rebecca S , McDonough Ian M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Chronic stress can have deleterious effects on physical and mental health. However, self-report measures of chronic stress typically only assess stress recently, ignoring ongoing or repeated stress throughout the life span. The present study tested whether retrospective judgments of stress across different lifetime periods offer unique information that cannot be ascertained by measures of recent chronic stress.

Research Design and Methods
A survey was given to 271 adults aged 46–81 using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The questions assessed self-reported stress across multiple domains (e.g., general stress, financial stress, interpersonal stress) from well-known and validated surveys. Also, items were added to assess different lifetime periods of self-reported stress, including one’s childhood, 20s/30s, and 50s/60s. Using structural equation modeling, we tested competing models for how lifetime periods and stress domains might relate to one another.

Results
The best fitting model revealed that different domains of stress (discrimination, loneliness, personal, and general stress) were highly correlated with one another within a given lifetime period but that the different lifetime periods (childhood, 20s/30s, 50s/60s, and current) were relatively independent.

Discussion and Implications
Current measures assessing the frequency or strength of “chronic stress” are misleading because they do not capture ongoing or repeated stress throughout the life span. Past experiences convey unique information about one’s chronic stress, offering a new perspective on the meaning of “chronic stress” from a life-course perspective, consistent with previous stress accumulation models.
Analysis and evaluation of developed and used health scores
Authors: Kaiser Daniel , Schuhmacher Adrian , Schmidtke Justin , Bös Klaus 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis systematic review provides an overview of existing multidimensional health scores, including an assessment of their holistic value (coverage of all determinants and dimensions of health), and a systematic comparison of their properties. The review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Literature searches were conducted in English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences) and German databases (BISp-Surf, BIBNET). All scores that considered health multidimensional on an individual level were included. Two independent reviewers screened and identified articles. The Quality assessment tool for studies with diverse design was used to assess study quality. Scores were recorded in a criteria grid to make their properties comparable, and the multidimensionality of the individual scores was evaluated using radar chart visualizations. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was strong in eight, fair in twelve, and weak in six studies. Among the 26 studies, 21 different questionnaire-based scores were included, which all covered at least three of the five health dimensions (Five dimensions have been identified in a former literature research). Three scores covered all dimensions, but none covered all of the previously defined determinants. Thus, according to this works created definition (holistic = cover all dimensions with all determinants), no holistic health score exists, only multidimensional scores covering different dimensions and determinants. This review offers good comparability, as all the instruments were questionnaires, and could be used as a basis for future research. A universal (holistic) health construct should be defined and developed to improve the quantification of health.
ALA reverses ABA-induced stomatal closure by modulating PP2AC and SnRK2.6 activity in apple leaves
Authors: Chen Zheng , An Yuyan , Wang Liangju 
Published: April 2023

Abstract5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), known as a new natural plant growth regulator, can reverse abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) played an important role in regulation of stomatal movement by ALA and ABA; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that ALA promotes MdPP2A activity and gene expression in the leaf epidermis of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), and expression of the catalytic subunit MdPP2AC was most significantly correlated with stomatal aperture. Western blotting showed that ALA enhanced MdPP2AC protein abundance and phosphorylation. Y2H (yeast two hybrid), FLC (firefly luciferase complementation imaging) and BiFC (Bimolecular fluorescence complementation) assays showed that MdPP2AC interacted with several other MdPP2A subunits as well as MdSnRK2.6 (Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2.6), and the latter interaction was further verified by pull-down and MST (microscale thermophoresis) assays. ALA downregulated ABA-induced MdSnRK2.6 gene expression, kinase activity, and protein phosphorylation. In transiently transgenic apple leaves, OE-MdPP2AC promoted stomatal aperture by reducing Ca2+ and H2O2 levels but increasing flavonol levels in guard cells. Conversely, OE-MdSnRK2.6 induced stomatal closure by increasing Ca2+ and H2O2 but reducing flavonols. Partial silencing of these genes had opposite effects on Ca2+, H2O2, flavonols, and stomatal movement. Application of exogenous ALA stimulated PP2A activity, which promoted SnRK2.6 dephosphorylation and lower kinase activity in wild-type and transgenic apple leaves. We therefore propose that PP2AC, which dephosphorylates SnRK2.6 and represses its enzyme activity, mediates ALA signaling to inhibit ABA-induced stomatal closure in apple leaves.
The relationship between adiposity and cognitive function: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study in UK Biobank
Authors: Norris Tom , Salzmann Antoine , Henry Albert , Garfield Victoria , Pinto Pereira Snehal M 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere may be a bidirectional relationship between cognition and adiposity, whereby poor cognition leads to increased adiposity and vice versa. We aimed to determine whether these findings are causal, by undertaking a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsA total of 378 877 UK Biobank participants had three adiposity indicators [body fat percentage (BF%), body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio] and two cognitive function measures (reaction time, visual memory). We examined observational associations between each adiposity indicator and cognitive function and vice versa. Using bidirectional inverse-variance weighted MR, we estimated the strength of the adiposity-cognitive function association using genetic instruments for adiposity indicators as our exposures, and we repeated this in the opposite direction using instruments for cognitive function.ResultsIn the direction adiposity to cognitive function, MR analyses were generally directionally consistent with observational findings, but all confidence intervals contained the null. In the opposite direction, MR estimates for all adiposity measures on reaction time were imprecise and directionally inconsistent. MR estimates for the effects of visual memory on all adiposity measures indicated worse visual memory was associated with lower adiposity. For example, a 1-unit worse visual memory score was associated with a 1.32% [β = −1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.77,−1.88] and 3.57% (β = −3.64; 95% CI: −1.84,−5.15) lower absolute body fat percentage and relative body mass index, respectively.ConclusionsObservational associations of adiposity on cognitive function are likely not causal. In the reverse direction, our consistent findings that worse visual memory is associated with three adiposity indicators provide support for a causal link between worse visual memory and lower adiposity.
High incidence of carbapenemase-producingPseudomonas aeruginosaclinical isolates from Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Olalekan Adesola , Bader Baris Kai , Iwalokun Bamidele , Wolf Sophia , Lalremruata Albert , Dike Adobi , Mannie-Udoh Morounke , Lo Presti Libera , Liese Jan , Guther Julia , D’alvise Paul , Peter Silke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are on the rise worldwide. This study characterized clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from three Nigerian hospitals for carbapenem resistance.MethodsStrains isolated from wounds (n = 88), urine/catheter tips (n = 25), sputum/tracheotomy aspirates (n = 5), ear swabs (n = 4) and vaginal swabs (n = 1) were identified by MALDI-TOF and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK 2 system. The genomic DNA of each isolate was subject to sequencing using Illumina and Oxford nanopore technology. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to detect antimicrobial resistance genes, clonal affiliations and phylogenetic relations of 123 non-duplicate P. aeruginosa isolates, whereas assembly of the nanopore reads using the plasmIDent pipeline enabled the identification of plasmids.ResultsForty-three percent of the isolates were resistant to all antibiotic categories tested. More than 40% of the isolates were resistant to the carbapenems imipenem and/or meropenem (39% and 44%, respectively). Among the meropenem-resistant isolates, 48 (89%) carried at least one carbapenemase gene. The predominant one was blaNDM-1 (n = 34), which conferred resistance to all five antibiotic categories and highly increased the MICs of both meropenem and imipenem. The other recurrent carbapenemase genes were blaVIM-2 (n = 4), and blaVIM-5-like (n = 11), which co-existed with blaNDM-1 in two isolates.ConclusionsThe study revealed a high rate of carbapenem resistance and conjugative, broad host range plasmids carrying carbapenemase-encoding genes, especially the NDM-1 type, among isolates of P. aeruginosa. This may forebode the emergency of ubiquitous carbapenem resistance urging the implementation of infection control and antimicrobial stewardship strategies in Nigerian hospitals.