bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Process of Urban Spatial Quality and Utility Trade-Off for Post-COVID Working Preferences
Authors: Dou Zhiyi , Qiu Waishan , Li Wenjing , Luo Dan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The formation of cities, and the relocation of workers to densely populated areas reflect a spatial equilibrium, in which the higher real consumption levels of urban areas are offset by lower non-monetary amenities [1]. However, as the society progress toward a post-COVID stage, the prevailing decentralized delivery systems and location-based services, the growing trend of working from home, with citizens’ shifting preference of de-appreciating densities and gathering, have not only changed the possible spatial distribution of opportunities, resources, consumption and amenities, but also transformed people’s preference regarding desirable urban spatial qualities, value of amenities, and working opportunities [2, 3].
This research presents a systematic method to evaluate the perceived trade-off between urban spatial qualities and urban utilities such as amenities, transportation, and monetary opportunities by urban residence in the post-COVID society. The outcome of the research will become a valid tool to drive and evaluate urban design strategies based on the potential self-organization of work-life patterns and social profiles in the designated neighbourhood.
To evaluate the subjective perception of the urban residence, the study started with a comparative survey by asking residence to compare two randomly selected urban contexts in a data base of 398 contexts sampled across Hong Kong and state their living preference under the presumption of following scenarios: 1. working from home; 2. working in city centre offices. Core information influencing the spatial equilibrium are provided in the comparable urban context such as street views, housing price, housing space, travel time to city centre, adjacency to public transport and amenities, etc. Each context is given a preference score calculated with Microsoft TrueSkill Bayesian ranking algorithm [4] based on the comparison survey of two scenarios.
The 398 contexts are further analysed via GIS and image processing, to be deconstructed into numerical values describing main features for each of the context that influence urban design strategies such as composition of spatial features, amenity allocation, adjacency to city centre and public transportations. Machine learning models are trained with the numerical values of urban features as input and two preference scores for the two working scenarios as the output. The correlation heat maps are used to identify main urban features and its p-value that influence residence’s preference under two working scenarios in post–COVID era. The same model could also be applied to inform the direction of urban design strategies to construct a sustainable community for each type of working population and validate the design strategies via predicting its competitiveness in attracting residence and developing target industries.
Developing a Hybrid Intelligence Through Hacking the Machine Learning Neural Style Transfer Process for Possible Futures
Authors: Steenblik Ralph Spencer 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article highlights work using machine learning in collaboration with designers for speculative world building. The process is unique because of the feedback loop, between the designer and the computational process. Worldbuilding is a speculative practice and requires vision and courage on the part of the designer. Working with machine learning neural style transfer (NST) allows the designers to consider possibilities humanity may not otherwise allow ourselves to imagine. This is important because human imagination paves the path for the future of humankind. Imagining a sustainable future requires considering unconventional solutions. Imagining non-probable futures allows humanity to glean desirable aspects to strive for. Even if a conceived future is impossible within the built environment, there are many opportunities for people to inhabit these environments virtually. Letting yourself get lost in these places is a form of travel, even when conditions limit one's ability to physically do so.
Using Pix2Pix to Achieve the Spatial Refinement and Transformation of Taihu Stone
Authors: Deng Qiaoming , Li Xiaofeng , Liu Yubo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Under the impact of globalization, the transformation of traditional architectural space is particularly important for the development of local architecture. As an important spatial component of traditional gardens, Taihu stone has the image characteristics of “thin, wrinkled, leaky and transparent”. The “transparency” and “ leaky” of Taihu stone reflect the connectivity and irregularity of the holes of Taihu stone, which are in line with the ideas of flowing space and transparency in contemporary architectural design. However, there are relatively few theoretical studies on the spatial analysis and design transformation of Taihu stone. The Pix2Pix model extracts the 3D spatial variation pattern by learning the variation pattern between two adjacent slices of Taihu stone. The trained Pix2Pix model can generate a series of continuous spatial sections with the spatial variation pattern of Taihu stone. Finally, the 2D sections are transformed into 3D building volumes to complete the spatial translation of Taihu stone in contemporary architectural design. In addition, this paper also provides a new idea for machine learning to master the continuous 3D spatial change pattern.
Bio-digital Sand Logics: Dune Sand Material and Computational Design
Authors: Farr Marcus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses the creation of a new sand-based material, performative testing, and the computational logic involved in the design of a prototypical architectural system. Dune sand is known to be an unstable material compared to river or marine sand and as a result it is not normally used for construction. Because of this, desert regions have grown a reliance upon imported materials creating massive sustainability issues due to large scale global shipping, importation and resource extraction. This research indicates there is a viable opportunity to leverage dune sand as an ongoing line of inquiry for material science and design in local desert regions. It establishes that there is very little architectural research being done in this particular area. The methodology begins with experiments in bio-material using dune sand as a compound, and then establishes a construction system based upon a manifold of experiments. Along with material investigations, the process uses a Scientific Testing Method (STM) and Hypothesis in Action (HIA) as part of the testing methodology.
Ceramic Incremental Forming–A Rapid Mold-Less Forming Method of Variable Surfaces
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Liu Yuran , Studebaker Riley , Faircloth Billie , Stuart-Smith Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Following architectural practice’s widespread adoption of 3D modelling software, the digital design of free-form surfaces has enabled more heterogeneously organized architectural assemblies. However, fabricating envelope components with double-curved surface geometry have remained a challenge, involving significant machine time and material waste, and great expense to produce. This proof-of-concept project proposes a rapid, low-cost, and minimal-waste approach to forming double curved ceramic components through a novel approach to Ceramic Incremental Forming (CIF), using a 6-axis industrial robot, a passive flexible mold, and a custom ball-rolling tool. The approach is comparable to Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) that is used for forming complex shapes with metal sheets. This method promises to achieve high-quality, ceramic building envelope components, while eliminating the need to build proprietary molds for each shape and reducing the waste in the forming process. Compared with other architectural mold-less forming methods such as clay 3D printing, the approach is more time and material efficient, while being able to achieve similar levels of complexity. Thus, CIF may offer potential for further development and industrial applications.
Research on the Spatial Layout Design of University Educational Buildings Based on Rule Screening and Multi-agent System
Authors: Zeng Yixuan , Deng Qiaoming , Liu Yubo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Unlike traditional empiricism-based building design, the data-oriented quantitative analysis method is more rigorous and intuitive, taking into account a variety of factors such as site conditions, functional requirements and design specifications, and combining computer technology to propose a more rational and efficient design strategy. This study takes the design logic process and algorithm rule screening as the entry point to explore the design method of using multi-agent body algorithm planning to realize the spatial layout of university education buildings. Based on multi-agent algorithms, spatially rich and morphologically complex architectural solutions can be quickly generated, and new designs with generality and universality can be produced by changing the initial shape and syntax rules. The authors attempt to design a program based on a multi-agent body system, where architects only need to set initial parameters to quickly construct a variety of initial volume solutions, offering a wide range of possibilities for initial design.
Heritage Information Modeling: The Case of Chellah’s Gate
Authors: Anouar S. , Anouar A. , Lharchi A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to propose an integrated workflow for the digitization of the built cultural heritage. To this end, we leverage the power of computational tools and the relevancy of Building Information Modeling (BIM) process to overcome the limitations and challenges faced by Scan-to-BIM. We describe the automatic generation of an as-built BIM model of a heritage building in a three-step procedure. Firstly, we outline the data acquisition method of the point cloud. Secondly, we describe the automatic processing and segmentation of the point cloud according to architectural elements using Machine Learning. Then, we tested and compared various meshing algorithms and utilized a combination depending on the desired level of details. Lastly, the resulting geometry is converted into a BIM object that will be subsequently semantically labeled. We used a UNESCO world heritage in Morocco—Chellah, as a case study to test the robustness of our protocol.
Florentine Streetscapes and their Role in Revisiting Palazzo Rucellai’s Urban façade Hypotheses
Authors: Mols Nick M. L. , Pezzica Camilla 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe facciata double meaning as façade and outer appearance embodies the Italian city-state’s political, cultural, and social values that Leon Battista Alberti outlined in his famed De re aedificatoria libri decem (1485). This concept lies at the heart of Florence’s urban fabric: one of the early cradles of Renaissance architecture that originated from the artistic expenditure of prosperous families including, the Medici, Strozzi, and Rucellai. In this context, the Palazzo Rucellai (c.1446-66) marks an important historical moment in history as its façade, with its three superimposed orders and well-proportioned urban composition, was the first of its kind in Renaissance Florence. However, the palazzo’s unfinished façade sparked a debate regarding its finished appearance which the paper revisits by positioning a 3D digital twin onto the façade’s historic urban context and by applying through Space Syntax to explore its relationship to the urban fabric.
FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 mutations enhance the sugary phenotype caused by the loss of ISOAMYLASE1 in barley
Authors: Matsushima Ryo , Hisano Hiroshi , Galis Ivan , Miura Satoko , Crofts Naoko , Takenaka Yuto , Oitome Naoko F. , Ishimizu Takeshi , Fujita Naoko , Sato Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Key message
Barley double mutants in two genes involved in starch granule morphology, HvFLO6 and HvISA1, had impaired starch accumulation and higher grain sugar levels than either single mutant.

Abstract
Starch is a biologically and commercially important glucose polymer synthesized by plants as semicrystalline starch granules (SGs). Because SG morphology affects starch properties, mutants with altered SG morphology may be useful in breeding crops with desirable starch properties, including potentially novel properties. In this study, we employed a simple screen for mutants with altered SG morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare). We isolated mutants that formed compound SGs together with the normal simple SGs in the endosperm and found that they were allelic mutants of the starch biosynthesis genes ISOAMYLASE1 (HvISA1) and FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 (HvFLO6), encoding starch debranching enzyme and CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULE 48-containing protein, respectively. We generated the hvflo6 hvisa1 double mutant and showed that it had significantly reduced starch biosynthesis and developed shrunken grains. In contrast to starch, soluble α-glucan, phytoglycogen, and sugars accumulated to higher levels in the double mutant than in the single mutants. In addition, the double mutants showed defects in SG morphology in the endosperm and in the pollen. This novel genetic interaction suggests that hvflo6 acts as an enhancer of the sugary phenotype caused by hvisa1 mutation.
A CFD model with free surface tracking: predicting fill level and residence time in a starve-fed single-screw extruder
Authors: Olofsson Erik Holmen , Roland Michael , Spangenberg Jon , Jokil Ninna Halberg , Hattel Jesper Henri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMixing in extrusion is a vital part of achieving consistent and high-quality extrudates, with residence time being an elucidative measure of the mixing performance. Recent studies around numerical modeling of residence time distributions in single-screw extruders appear to consider flooded extruders mainly. This paper introduces a new and general CFD model to characterize the extruder fill length and residence time distribution for a viscoplastic ceramic material in a starve-fed extruder, including free surface tracking. The CFD model simulates a pulse-injection test, where a fluid parcel is injected at the inlet, with subsequent outlet concentration measured over time. The study includes material characterization and model validation based on laboratory tests. Results quantify the impact of accounting for the partially filled extruder instead of assuming it to be flooded, addressing the potential error when only considering simple analytical approximations to calculate system average residence times. Results further show the ability to fit simulation results to more simple analytical models. This underlines the importance of including the entire extrusion system and forming the basis for further work toward enabling real-time model predictions in starve-fed extrusion systems.
Adjoint variable method for transient nonlinear electroquasistatic problems
Authors: Ruppert M. Greta , Späck-Leigsnering Yvonne , Buschbaum Julian , De Gersem Herbert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany optimization problems in electrical engineering consider a large number of design parameters. A sensitivity analysis identifies the design parameters with the strongest influence on the problem of interest. This paper introduces the adjoint variable method as an efficient approach to study sensitivities of nonlinear electroquasistatic problems in time domain. In contrast to the more common direct sensitivity method, the adjoint variable method has a computational cost nearly independent of the number of parameters. The method is applied to study the sensitivity of the field grading material parameters on the performance of a 320 kV cable joint specimen, which is modeled as a finite element nonlinear transient electroquasistatic problem. Special attention is paid to the treatment of quantities of interest, which are evaluated at specific points in time or space. It is shown that the method is a valuable tool to study this strongly nonlinear and highly transient technical example.
A Prospective Study of Electromyographic Amplitude Changes During Intraoperative Neural Monitoring for Open Thyroidectomy
Authors: Lian Tony , Leong David , Ng Karl , Bajenov Sonya , Sywak Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) enables prediction of postoperative nerve function. The underlying mechanism for loss of signal (LOS) in a visually intact nerve is poorly understood. The correlation of intraoperative electromyographic amplitude changes (EMG) with surgical manoeuvres could help identify mechanisms of LOS during conventional thyroidectomy.MethodsA prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing thyroidectomy was performed with intermittent IONM using the NIM Vital nerve monitoring system. The ipsilateral vagus and RLN was stimulated, and vagus nerve signal amplitude recorded at five time points during thyroidectomy (baseline, after mobilisation of superior pole, medialisation of the thyroid lobe, before release at Ligament of Berry, end of case). RLN signal amplitude was recorded at two time points; after medialisation of the thyroid lobe (R1), and end of case (R2).ResultsA total of 100 consecutive patients undergoing thyroidectomy were studied with 126 RLN at risk. The overall rate of LOS was 4.0%. Cases without LOS demonstrated a highly significant vagus nerve median percentage amplitude drop at medialisation of the thyroid lobe (− 17.9 ± 53.1%, P < 0.001), and end of case (− 16.0 ± 47.2%, P < 0.001) compared to baseline. RLN had no significant amplitude drop at R2 compared to R1 (P = 0.207).ConclusionsA significant reduction in vagus nerve EMG amplitude at medialisation of the thyroid and the end of case compared to baseline indicates that stretch injury or traction forces during thyroid mobilisation are the most likely mechanism of RLN impairment during conventional thyroidectomy.
The novel anti-cancer fluoropyrimidine NUC-3373 is a potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and an effective DNA-damaging agent
Authors: Bré Jennifer , Dickson Alison L. , Read Oliver J. , Zhang Ying , McKissock Fiona G. , Mullen Peter , Tang Peijun , Zickuhr Greice M. , Czekster Clarissa M. , Harrison David J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Fluoropyrimidines, principally 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), remain a key component of chemotherapy regimens for multiple cancer types, in particular colorectal and other gastrointestinal malignancies. To overcome key limitations and pharmacologic challenges that hinder the clinical utility of 5-FU, NUC-3373, a phosphoramidate transformation of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, was designed to improve the efficacy and safety profile as well as the administration challenges associated with 5-FU.

Methods
Human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 were treated with sub-IC50 doses of NUC-3373 or 5-FU. Intracellular activation was measured by LC–MS. Western blot was performed to determine binding of the active anti-cancer metabolite FdUMP to thymidylate synthase (TS) and DNA damage.

Results
We demonstrated that NUC-3373 generates more FdUMP than 5-FU, resulting in a more potent inhibition of TS, DNA misincorporation and subsequent cell cycle arrest and DNA damage in vitro. Unlike 5-FU, the thymineless death induced by NUC-3373 was rescued by the concurrent addition of exogenous thymidine. 5-FU cytotoxicity, however, was only reversed by supplementation with uridine, a treatment used to reduce 5-FU-induced toxicities in the clinic. This is in line with our findings that 5-FU generates FUTP which is incorporated into RNA, a mechanism known to underlie the myelosuppression and gastrointestinal inflammation associated with 5-FU.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results highlight key differences between NUC-3373 and 5-FU that are driven by the anti-cancer metabolites generated. NUC-3373 is a potent inhibitor of TS that also causes DNA-directed damage. These data support the preliminary clinical evidence that suggest NUC-3373 has a favorable safety profile in patients.
Data-driven customer acceptance for attended home delivery
Authors: Köhler Charlotte , Campbell Ann Melissa , Ehmke Jan Fabian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHome delivery services require the attendance of the customer during delivery. Hence, retailers and customers mutually agree on a delivery time window in the booking process. However, when a customer requests a time window, it is not clear how much accepting the ongoing request significantly reduces the availability of time windows for future customers. In this paper, we explore using historical order data to manage scarce delivery capacities efficiently. We propose a sampling-based customer acceptance approach that is fed with different combinations of these data to assess the impact of the current request on route efficiency and the ability to accept future requests. We propose a data-science process to investigate the best use of historical order data in terms of recency and amount of sampling data. We identify features that help to improve the acceptance decision as well as the retailer’s revenue. We demonstrate our approach with large amounts of real historical order data from two cities served by an online grocery in Germany.
„Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery“ – Kammerwinkelbasierte Verfahren im Vergleich
Authors: Klabe Karsten , Rüfer Florian 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Versorgung von Patienten mit einer Glaukomerkrankung spielen operative Verfahren eine zunehmende Rolle. Innerhalb der letzten Dekade haben sich neue chirurgische Verfahren etabliert, die unter dem Begriff „minimally invasive glaucoma surgery“ (MIGS) zusammengefasst werden. Eine große Vielfalt von unterschiedlichen Operationen zielt dabei auf die Strukturen im Kammerwinkel, sei es das Trabekelmaschenwerk und den Schlemm-Kanal zur Verbesserung des physiologischen Abflusses oder auch die Verbesserung des alternativen uveoskleralen Abflusses. Die Umsetzung des Therapieziels unterscheidet sich bei den einzelnen Verfahren ebenso wie die maximal erreichbare Drucksenkung. Im Vergleich zur Trabekulektomie mit dem Einsatz von Zytostatika ist die erzielbare Drucksenkung in der Regel deutlich geringer. Als Vorteil dieser Verfahren werden hingegen die signifikant geringeren intra- und postoperativen Komplikationsraten betont. Mit zunehmender klinischer Erfahrung und dem Anwachsen von suffizienten Daten dieser neuen chirurgischen Verfahren fällt eine fundierte Einordnung in den Behandlungsalgorithmus der Glaukomchirurgie leichter. Dennoch bleibt die letztendliche Entscheidung für einen einzelnen Eingriff aufgrund der geringen Differenzen hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit und Sicherheitsprofil häufig an die persönlichen Präferenzen des Chirurgen gebunden.