bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity profile of dissolved organic matter and its relation to molecular composition
Authors: Catalá Teresa S. , Speidel Linn G. , Wenzel-Storjohann Arlette , Dittmar Thorsten , Tasdemir Deniz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) occupies a huge and uncharted molecular space. Given its properties, DOM can be presented as a promising biotechnological resource. However, research into bioactivities of DOM is still in early stages. In this study, the biotechnological potential of terrestrial and marine DOM, its molecular composition and their relationships are investigated. Samples were screened for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial activity was detected against Staphylococcusaureus in almost all DOM samples, with freshwater DOM showing the lowest IC50 values. Most samples also inhibited Staphylococcusepidermidis, and four DOM extracts showed up to fourfold higher potency than the reference drug. Antifungal activity was limited to only porewater DOM towards human dermatophyte Trichophytonrubrum. No significant in vitro anticancer activity was observed. Low antioxidant potential was exerted. The molecular characterization by FT-ICR MS allowed a broad compositional overview. Three main distinguished groups have been identified by PCoA analyses. Antibacterial activities are related to high aromaticity content and highly-unsaturated molecular formulae (O-poor). Antifungal effect is correlated with highly-unsaturated molecular formulae (O-rich). Antioxidant activity is positively related to the presence of double bonds and polyphenols. This study evidenced for the first time antibacterial and antifungal activity in DOM with potential applications in cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical and aquaculture industry. The lack of cytotoxicity and the almost unlimited presence of this organic material may open new avenues in future marine bioprospecting efforts.
Graphical abstract
Se non strozza ingrassa?
Authors: Donini Lorenzo M. , Sorabella Daniele , Frigerio Francesco , Mocini Edoardo , Muzzioli Luca , Pinto Alessandro , Poggiogalle Eleonora , Giusti Anna Maria 
Published: September 2023

SommarioL’utilizzo degli integratori è largamente diffuso in occidente e in Italia troviamo il mercato più ampio, con una previsione di vendite di 5 miliardi di euro nel 2025. Le motivazioni all’acquisto sono principalmente la ricerca del benessere psico-fisico o la risposta a specifiche esigenze di salute. Gli integratori sono prodotti destinati a integrare la dieta e fornire sostanze nutritive che mancano o non sono assunte in quantità sufficienti con la sola alimentazione. Tuttavia, il concetto di integrazione è stato esteso a sostanze di cui non abbiamo un reale fabbisogno in condizioni fisiologiche e a dosaggi non più di integrazione, ma farmacologici, causando confusione tra gli operatori e i consumatori. Gli integratori, se usati senza controllo, possono comportare rischi per la salute. In particolare, la potenziale tossicità dei nutrienti e degli integratori è un concetto spesso dimenticato, nonostante nei Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti (LARN) per la popolazione italiana sia definito per ogni nutriente il livello massimo tollerabile di assunzione. La scarsità di studi sistematici sugli effetti avversi degli integratori, che possono essere immessi sul mercato senza il supporto di studi clinici, rende difficile stabilire un nesso causale tra l’assunzione di un integratore e l’insorgenza di sintomi avversi. La tossicità è rara per le vitamine idrosolubili, ma più frequenti per le vitamine liposolubili, come la vitamina E, la vitamina A e i carotenoidi, e la vitamina D. In determinate situazioni, alcune categorie di persone possono essere a rischio di carenze nutrizionali; tuttavia, l’integrazione di nutrienti deve seguire in ogni caso un percorso di valutazione dello stato di nutrizione e di modulazione del comportamento alimentare e va mantenuta per il tempo necessario al recupero di un corretto stato nutrizionale e comportamentale. L’uso di integratori può anche predisporre gli individui a comportamenti alimentari scorretti e deve essere attentamente valutato in base al reale rapporto costo-beneficio.
Equity-Oriented Learning Design: An Entangled Future
Authors: Gachago Daniela , Bali Maha , Pallitt Nicola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is growing interest in the literature towards a more distributed, collaborative view of learning design that focuses on relationships and connection. In this paper, we propose a vision of learning design that is entangled and crosses boundaries, framed by an equity-oriented mindset that blurs and resists boundaries, and merges learning design with facilitation, external with internal communities, and academia with activism. Based on interviews with learning design practitioners across the world, and framed by theories of posthumanism and postdigital education, we share eight orientations that form a future and equity-oriented learning design pattern: awareness of context, matter matters, co-creating with humans and non-humans, relationality and connection, modelling vulnerability, the entanglement of the personal and political, and creating transformative spaces. We then use one of our responses to the advent of ChatGPT to show how these orientations have helped us in times of uncertainty and disruption, an agential cut that highlights the value of acknowledging the material-discursive relationships emerging in and through our work. As such, rather than focusing on conventional, static definitions and models, we are interested in knowledge-making processes that come into existence when we practise learning design and engage with each other and the world around us, and who we become in our relationships with others, both human and non-human, and the patterns that we form in this entanglement.
Depression and self-esteem among Afghan school-going adolescents under the Taliban Government: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Neyazi Ahmad , Padhi Bijaya Kumar , Ahmadi Mahsa , Rangelova Vanya , Mohammadi Abdul Qadim , Neyazi Mehrab , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
During the period of adolescence, several major developmental changes occur that can have significant impact on an individual’s brain structure and functioning through their entire life.

Aims
The present study aimed to examine the association between depression and self-esteem alongside specific sociodemographic factors among school-going adolescents living under the rule of Taliban.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with adolescents (n = 452) from 20 randomly selected public primary, secondary and high schools of Herat province (Afghanistan) out of the 86 schools registered in Herat Education Department. The survey included the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).

Results
Two-thirds of adolescents reported depression symptoms (65.3%) and 86.3% reported poor self-esteem. Multiple regression analysis indicated that (i) mother's education level was significantly associated with depression symptoms and (ii) low-income economic status was significantly associated with self-esteem.

Conclusion
As well as being one of the few studies in Afghanistan, the present study is one of the very few to assess the association between class group, self-esteem, and depression symptoms. These findings may be used by healthcare authorities and school administrators to raise awareness and implement strategies to facilitate self-esteem among school school-going adolescents.
Applications of biochar in medical and related environmental fields: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Zhuo Qiao , Liang Yu , Hu Yuxiang , Shi Mingsu , Zhao Chen , Zhang Shujie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiochar (BC) is a stable, carbon-rich material produced through biomass pyrolysis in an oxygen-restricted environment. In recent years, BC has gained recognition as an environmentally friendly material and has been extensively researched for its various applications related to human health. However, the medical applications of biochar remain relatively unexplored. This review aims to analyze recent publications from PubMed, focusing on the direct association between biochar and medical science over the past 3 years. The analysis identified five main subjects: contaminant immobilization, medical waste treatment and nutrient recovery, biochar toxicity, electrical sensors and biosensors, and drug delivery. Among these subjects, drug delivery and biosensors demonstrated the most direct relevance to the medical field. To enhance the validity of our findings, a bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection to visualize the trends in medical applications of biochar over time. The results further support our analysis. Finally, potential directions for future medical applications of biochar were discussed. This review underscores the necessity for further research on the medical applications of biochar. By exploring its potential in drug delivery, biosensors, and other domains, biochar has the potential to revolutionize medicine.
Graphical Abstract
Research on model-free adaptive active flutter suppression based on ridge regression
Authors: Yu J. , Qi H. , Du J. , Wang K. , Guo J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraditional active flutter suppression controllers are designed based on model. However, as the aircraft becomes more and more powerful, the modeling of aeroelastic system becomes difficult and the model-free requirement of controller design becomes more and more urgent. The complexity of industrial processes has brought about massive operational data generated online. Aviation industry development has entered the era of big data. Breaking through the traditional theoretical framework, mining the correlation, evolution and dynamic characteristics of the system from the data is the inevitable choice to meet this demand. In this paper, a data-driven model-free controller is designed, which relies on ridge regression of the input and output variation at each operating point of the closed-loop controlled system to recursively derive the iterative format of the control signals and ensure the numerical stability of the signals. The controller can only use the real-time measurement of the system’s online input and output data for continuous correction, to achieve the purpose of flutter suppression. Then flutter suppression of a three-degree-of-freedom binary wing with a control surface is studied, and the superiority of model-free controller is demonstrated by comparing it with the optimal controller.
The importance of financial literacy: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Sticha Andrea , Sekita Shizuka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper examines financial literacy in Japan using a recent dataset from 2022 and finds that financial literacy levels are low. Only 36% of the respondents could correctly answer the Big Three financial literacy questions, three well-known questions assessing the understanding of interest, inflation, and risk diversification. Also, significant demographic variation exists in the Japanese population: the young, women, and the less educated are those who struggle the most with these fundamental financial concepts. Additionally, we find that Japanese who know the basics about environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG)-related principles are also those who show better financial literacy levels than those who do not know about ESG. Lastly, our results confirm that financial literacy matters: it is strongly and positively correlated with active investment behavior, which may affect wealth accumulation and financial wellbeing.
Mental illness stigma in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Faruk Md Omar , Khan Abid Hasan , Chowdhury Kamal Uddin Ahmed , Jahan Sabiha , Sarker Depon Chandra , Colucci Erminia , Hasan M. Tasdik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Mental illness stigma is universally prevalent and a significant barrier to achieving global mental health goals. Mental illness stigma in Bangladesh has gained little attention despite its widespread impact on seeking mental health care in rural and urban areas. This study aimed to investigate mental illness stigma and the associated factors in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh.

Methods
The study areas were divided into several clusters from which 325 participants (≥18 years) were recruited with systematic random sampling. The Bangla version of the Days’ Mental Illness Stigma Scale was used to collect data. Independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were performed.

Results
Results suggest that gender, age, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and occupation significantly differed across subscales of stigma. Age, gender, seeking treatment of mental illness, having knowledge on mental health, and socioeconomic status were predictive factors of mental illness stigma. The results also showed a high treatment gap in both rural and urban areas.

Conclusion
This study supports that mental illness stigma is prevalent in Bangladesh, requiring coordinated efforts. Results can inform the development of contextually tailored mental health strategies to reduce stigma and contribute to the promotion of mental health of individuals and communities across Bangladesh.
FIRST-ORDER HOMOTOPICAL LOGIC
Authors: HELFER JOSEPH 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We introduce a homotopy-theoretic interpretation of intuitionistic first-order logic based on ideas from Homotopy Type Theory. We provide a categorical formulation of this interpretation using the framework of Grothendieck fibrations. We then use this formulation to prove the central property of this interpretation, namely homotopy invariance. To do this, we use the result from [8] that any Grothendieck fibration of the kind being considered can automatically be upgraded to a two-dimensional fibration, after which the invariance property is reduced to an abstract theorem concerning pseudonatural transformations of morphisms into two-dimensional fibrations.
Roll-call voting under random seating assignment
Authors: Darmofal David , Finocchiaro Charles J. , Indridason Indridi H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSocial connections between individuals can profoundly impact their political behavior. A growing body of research on legislative politics examines how spatial proximity to fellow legislators affects voting behavior within the institution. However, studies that examine this question often suffer from a fundamental identification problem in which proximity effects may reflect actual behavioral diffusion between members or, instead, homophily, in which legislators of a similar political feather flock together. We overcome this observational equivalence by exploiting a unique random seating lottery for seating assignments in the world's oldest existing parliament, Iceland's national legislature, Alþingi. Utilizing this naturally occurring randomization, we employ spatial analyses of more than 20,000 estimates of spatial dependence and find little evidence that seating proximity leads to similar voting behavior by members in this legislative context.
SUMSETS CONTAINING A TERM OF A SEQUENCE
Authors: CHEN MIN , TANG MIN 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet
$S=\{s_{1}, s_{2}, \ldots \}$
be an unbounded sequence of positive integers with
$s_{n+1}/s_{n}$
approaching
$\alpha $
as
$n\rightarrow \infty $
and let
$\beta>\max (\alpha , 2)$
. We show that for all sufficiently large positive integers l, if
$A\subset [0, l]$
with
$l\in A$
,
$\gcd A=1$
and
$|A|\geq (2-{k}/{\lambda \beta })l/(\lambda +1)$
, where
$\lambda =\lceil {k}/{\beta }\rceil $
, then
$kA\cap S\neq \emptyset $
for
$2<\beta \leq 3$
and
$k\geq {2\beta }/{(\beta -2)}$
or for
$\beta>3$
and
$k\geq 3$
.
A bionic multi-chamber pneumatic actuator for powered exoskeleton based on muscle scale mechanism
Authors: Fang Delei , Wang Jianwei , Yang Ming , Zhang Yan , Zhang Peng , Zhang Junxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of low loading capacity and low driving efficiency for the powered exoskeleton, this paper presents a bionic multi-chamber pneumatic actuator based on muscle scale mechanism. Firstly, the bionic muscle scale mechanism and multi-chamber structure design for the novel pneumatic actuator are introduced. Afterward, the driving characteristics of the multi-chamber actuator are analyzed theoretically, including analysis of output force and analysis of energy efficiency. Then, the load matching control strategy for the novel actuator is optimized, and the load matching performance, displacement tracking accuracy, and energy efficiency are studied by simulation. Finally, the prototype of the multi-chamber actuator is developed, and the exoskeleton testing platform is built, experiment and discussion are conducted for the driving characteristics, which realized the high energy efficiency and the feasibility of load matching.
Persistence of Practice in Law's Parwana and Palm Leaf Empire
Authors: Halliday Paul D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe essays in this forum demonstrate how attending to the intricacies of documentary practice provides a way to see legal practices over the long haul. Different materials—for instance, paper and palm leaves—manifested different ways of understanding and doing law. But change from one way of doing law to another is sticky; old practices persist alongside new ones. Appreciating this helps us see past apparent ruptures in ways of living brought about by states and empires as they come and go. By looking closely at the routines and physical materials through which law works, we can look past simple binaries: European vs. indigenous; pre-colonial vs. colonial; resistance vs. accommodation; oral vs. literate; manuscript vs. print; paper vs. palm leaf.
What factors affect the alpha diversity of microarthropods (Acari, Collembola) on King George Island (Antarctica)?
Authors: Gwiazdowicz Dariusz J. , Niedbała Wojciech , Skarżyński Dariusz , Zawieja Bogna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe natural environment in polar regions is being transformed, glaciers are melting and succession of microarthropods is being observed. We tested the hypothesis that habitat conditions, determined by the locality and character of the vegetation cover, play a significant role in such succession. The material for analysis was collected from four localities on King George Island in Antarctica: Arctowski Station, Demay Refuge, Republica del Ecuador Refuge and Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station. From each locality, 30 samples (grasses, lichens, mosses) were collected and 310 508 microarthropod specimens were recorded, with 17 species (1 Mesostigmata, 9 Oribatida, 7 Collembola species) identified. Based on statistical analyses, it was shown that microarthropod communities differ both in individual localities and selected microhabitats. The greatest number of species was reported in the grass turf, while the greatest number of individuals was recorded in mosses. The dominant species at all the localities was Cryptopygus antarcticus antarcticus (299 203 individuals), which was found in greatest numbers in grasses and mosses. In turn, Tullbergia mixta (2485 individuals) was the dominant species of the lichens. Moreover, the following species, new to King George Island, were also identified: Flagrosuctobelba subcornigera, Liochthonius australis, Membranoppia ventrolaminata and Quadroppia monstruosa belonging to Oribatida as well as Archisotoma brucei belonging to Collembola.
Information Transmission in a Social Network: A Field Experiment
Authors: Patacchini Eleonora , Pin Paolo , Rotesi Tiziano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing an app for smartphones, we run an experiment among high-school students to study the pattern of aggregation of sparsely distributed information. Agents are randomly arranged in small networks and can share only non-verifiable pieces of information. Results show that while information exchange is high, the level and the distribution of centralities among network members are important to shape the overall level of information aggregation. A reduction in the asymmetry among agents’ network centralities is associated with an improvement in the performance of the group in terms of aggregation of information.
Experimental Methods for Measuring Social Networks without Censoring
Authors: Morton Rebecca , Patacchini Eleonora , Pin Paolo , Rogers Jonathan , Rosenblat Tanya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe elicit social networks among students in an Italian high school either by measuring the complete network in an incentive-compatible way or by using a truncated elicitation of at most five links. We find that truncation undercounts weak links by up to 90% but only moderately undercounts the time spent with strong friends. We use simulations to demonstrate that the measurement error induced by censoring might be particularly significant when studying phenomena such as social learning which are often thought to operate along weak ties. We then discuss how a modified network elicitation protocol might be able to reduce measurement error.
Making sense of voting “habits”: Applying the process model of behavior change to a series of large-scale get-out-the-vote experiments
Authors: Ternovski John 
Published: September 2023

AbstractI apply a new theoretical framework to voting to more cohesively bridge the economic cost-benefit model of voting with the psychology-motivated voting-as-a-habit literature. This new theoretical frame gives greater clarity as to how a vote in one election might beget a vote in another election, while yielding testable predictions as to which circumstances are more favorable for developing turnout persistence. To test these predictions, I make use of a novel dataset consisting of nine large-N, door-to-door voter mobilization field experiments in various election contexts (with ∼1.8 million voters in total). Consistent with prior empirical research, my analysis finds that being nudged to vote in one election leads to increased turnout four years later. But the main contribution of this paper is that the theoretical framework’s predictions and the corresponding empirical results make sense of turnout persistence heterogeneities that have been detected in certain prior empirical studies but not others.