bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thecoperitoneal Shunts—Our 20 Years Experience
Authors: Arumalla Kirit , Mohammed Naseer , Bhat Dhananjaya I , Shukla Dhaval , Devi B. Indira 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction The thecoperitoneal shunt is a modality of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion used to treat various clinical conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), and CSF leaks. There is a wide variability in the data regarding the utility and complications associated with it. We thus reviewed the outcomes and complications of the shunt done in our setting.
Methods The study is a retrospective review of all the thecoperitoneal shunts performed at NIMHANS (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences) from January 2000 to December 2020. The demographic details, clinical profile, indications for the shunt, magnetic resonance imaging, follow-up and complications, and shunt revisions were collected and analyzed.
Results Three-hundred twelve patients underwent shunt primarily at our institute. The mean follow-up of the patients was 5.2 years. The indications include pseudomeningocele in 31.4%, CSF leak from surgical site in 25.3%, IIH in 17.6%, and NPH in 7.3% patients.The shunt was more effective in pseudomeningocele in up to 95% and CSF leaks in 91% compared to 64‰ in IIH, though it is not significant (p > 0.05). The complication rate was 17% that included shunt block, wound CSF leak, infection, and subdural hygromas. The shunt malfunction was seen in 14.69% patients who underwent revision.
Conclusion Thecoperitoneal shunt is a useful treatment option for various pathologies including IIH, NPH, and wound CSF leaks. They have good clinical outcomes and acceptable revision rates especially in conditions with slit ventricle. The complications such as low-pressure headache can be overcome by using adjuncts as programmable valve or antisiphon device.
prM-reactive antibodies reveal a role for partially mature virions in dengue virus pathogenesis
Authors: A. Dowd Kimberly , Sirohi Devika , D. Speer Scott , VanBlargan Laura A. , Chen Rita E. , Mukherjee Swati , Whitener Bradley M. , Govero Jennifer , Aleshnick Maya , Larman Bridget , Sukupolvi-Petty Soila , Sevvana Madhumati , Miller Andrew S. , Klose Thomas , Zheng Aihua , Koenig Scott , Kielian Margaret , Kuhn Richard J. , Diamond Michael S. , Pierson Theodore C. 
Published: January 2023

Cleavage of the flavivirus premembrane (prM) structural protein during maturation can be inefficient. The contribution of partially mature flavivirus virions that retain uncleaved prM to pathogenesis during primary infection is unknown. To investigate this question, we characterized the functional properties of newly-generated dengue virus (DENV) prM-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in vitro and using a mouse model of DENV disease. Anti-prM mAbs neutralized DENV infection in a virion maturation state–dependent manner. Alanine scanning mutagenesis and cryoelectron microscopy of anti-prM mAbs in complex with immature DENV defined two modes of attachment to a single antigenic site. In vivo, passive transfer of intact anti-prM mAbs resulted in an antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. However, protection against DENV-induced lethality was observed when the transferred mAbs were genetically modified to inhibit their ability to interact with Fcγ receptors. These data establish that in addition to mature forms of the virus, partially mature infectious prM
+
virions can also contribute to pathogenesis during primary DENV infections.
On the robustness of inverse scattering for penetrable, homogeneous objects with complicated boundary
Authors: Borges Carlos , Rachh Manas , Greengard Leslie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The acoustic inverse obstacle scattering problem consists of determining the shape of a domain from measurements of the scattered far field due to some set of incident fields (probes). For a penetrable object with known sound speed, this can be accomplished by treating the boundary alone as an unknown curve. Alternatively, one can treat the entire object as unknown and use a more general volumetric representation, without making use of the known sound speed. Both lead to strongly nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problems for which recursive linearization provides a useful framework for numerical analysis. After extending our shape optimization approach developed earlier for impenetrable bodies, we carry out a systematic study of both methods and compare their performance on a variety of examples. Our findings indicate that the volumetric approach is more robust, even though the number of degrees of freedom is significantly larger. We conclude with a discussion of this phenomenon and potential directions for further research.
Imaging based on Compton scattering: model uncertainty and data-driven reconstruction methods
Authors: Gödeke Janek , Rigaud Gaël 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The recent development of scintillation crystals combined with γ-rays sources opens the way to an imaging concept based on Compton scattering, namely Compton scattering tomography. The associated inverse problem rises many challenges: non-linearity, multiple order-scattering and high level of noise. Already studied in the literature, these challenges lead unavoidably to uncertainty of the forward model. This work proposes to study exact and approximated forward models and develops two data-driven reconstruction algorithms able to tackle the inexactness of the forward model. The first one is based on the projective method called regularized sequential subspace optimization (RESESOP). We consider here a finite dimensional restriction of the semi-discrete forward model and show its well-posedness and regularization properties. The second one considers the unsupervised learning method, deep image prior, inspired by the construction of the model uncertainty in RESESOP. The methods are validated on Monte-Carlo data.
Diagnosing the waveform of an ultrashort optical pulse by collinear interferometry
Authors: Deng Yimin , Cao Wei , Zeng Qi , Zhang Qingbin , Lu Peixiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
During the high-harmonic generation (HHG) process, information about field interaction with the medium is imprinted in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation. Here, we present a method for using HHG to diagnose the electric field of an optical pulse under a collinear geometry. When mixing a weak signal pulse with a strong driving pulse collinearly, the far field divergence of the XUV HHG is sensitive to the relative delay between the two pulses, which can be used as an ultrafast subcycle gate to reconstruct the electric field of the signal pulse. This collinear configuration is efficient, easy to operate and avoids artificial high order frequency components in reconstruction as compared to non-collinear schemes.
Tailored design and preparation of magnetic nanocomposite particles for the isolation of exosomes
Authors: Farsani Arezoo Mohammadian , Rahimi Fatemeh , Taebnia Nayere , Salimi Mahdieh , Arpanaei Ayyoob 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Here, we prepared a magnetic nanocomposite system composed of a cluster of magnetite nanoparticles coated with silica shell (MSNPs) with an average diameter of 140 ± 20 nm and conjugated with CD9 antibody (AntiCD9) using different strategies including adsorption or chemical conjugation of antibody molecules to either aminated MSNPs (AMSNPs) or carboxylated MSNPs (CMSNPs). Then, MSNPs were employed to isolate exosomes from ultracentrifuge-enriched solution, PC3 cell-culture medium, or exosome-spiked simulated plasma samples. Quantitative tests using nanoparticle-tracking analysis confirmed antibody-covalently conjugated MSNPs, i.e. the AntiCD9-AMSNPs and AntiCD9-CMSNPs enabled >90% recovery of exosomes. Additionally, the exosomes isolated with AntiCD9-CMSNPs showed higher recovery efficiency compared to the AntiCD9-AMSNPs. For both nanoadsorbents, lower protein impurities amounts were obtained as compared to that of exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation and Exocib kit. The mean diameter assessment of the isolated exosomes indicates that particles isolated by using AntiCD9-AMSNPs and AntiCD9-CMSNPs have smaller sizes (136 ± 2.64 nm and 113 ± 11.53 nm, respectively) than those obtained by UC-enriched exosomes (140.9 ± 1.6 nm) and Exocib kit (167 ± 10.53 nm). Such promising results obtained in the isolation of exosomes recommend magnetic nanocomposite as an efficient tool for the simple and fast isolation of exosomes for diagnosis applications.
Global solutions to a haptotaxis system with a potentially degenerate diffusion tensor in two and three dimensions
Authors: Heihoff Frederic 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider the potentially degenerate haptotaxis system

u
t

=
∇
⋅
(

D

∇
u
+
u
∇
⋅

D

)
−
χ
∇
⋅
(
u

D

∇
w
)
+
μ
u
(
1
−

u

r
−
1

)
,

w
t

=
−
u
w

in a smooth bounded domain

Ω
⊆

R

n

,

n
∈
{
2
,
3
}

, with a no-flux boundary condition, positive initial data u
0, w
0 and parameters χ > 0, µ > 0,

r
⩾
2

and

D

:

Ω
‾

→

R

n
×
n

,

D

positive semidefinite on

Ω
‾

. Our main result regarding the above system is the construction of weak solutions under fairly mild assumptions on

D

as well as the initial data, encompassing scenarios of degenerate diffusion in the first equation. As a step in this construction as well as a result of potential independent interest, we further construct classical solutions for the same system under a global positivity assumption for

D

, which ensures the full regularising influence of its associated diffusion operator. In both constructions, we naturally rely on the regularising properties of a sufficiently strong logistic source term in the first equation.
A novel cantenna based demonstration of frustrated total internal reflection as an analog for quantum tunnelling
Authors: Kolhe Neel , Shetty Sreyashi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We use a ‘Cantenna’ (portmanteau of ‘Can’ and ‘Antenna’), which is a unidirectional homemade waveguide, coupled to a standard readily available, 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router as a source of microwaves to demonstrate Frustrated Total Internal reflection (FTIR) using paraffin-wax prisms. This largely inexpensive experiment provides an opportunity to demonstrate a process closely analogous to quantum tunnelling in an undergraduate physics lab. FTIR is often demonstrated with glass prisms and lasers, which may not allow for an intuitive understanding of evanescent waves and tunnelling. Wi-Fi signals with a wavelength of 12.5 cm, and large maneuverable prisms, allow the length of the ‘barrier’ to be changed in a tactile way where measurements could be taken with tools available in a standard physics lab.
Learning science and engineering with electronic spreadsheets cycle: a methodological proposal
Authors: Juárez Erika Cervantes , Guzmán Daniel Sánchez 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In many science and engineering undergraduate programmes, physics courses are fundamental and can be seen as a potential place where students can develop complementary abilities such as the computational thinking process. The present work proposes and describes the learning science and engineering with electronic spreadsheets cycle (LSEESC) methodology to improve the learning of concepts in physics, science, and engineering, with the use of electronic spreadsheets as a digital and supported learning tool, promoting the understanding, critical thinking, and reasoning of physics in students based on activities such as the programming of all dynamical systems, describing mathematical evolution, generating and analysing graphics, and explaining physical phenomena with a high comprehension and transfer of knowledge to identify where the concept can be applied in their professional context using real-life examples or simulations. The proposed methodology can be implemented in different learning scenarios; that is, if the class uses computational devices or if the teacher exposes a specific topic in the classroom, physics and mathematics can be exposed to feedback from students in a comprehensible manner at any time during the instruction, after which a new sequence (cycle) based on previous results can be ejected and adapted. To describe the LSEESC methodology, we use the rigid body concept, which is one of the most general concepts in science and engineering and, integrates the majority of the fundamentals in mechanics, such as kinematics, forces, dynamics, and circular movement. This can be described as the concept of viewing all related equations and plotting the results with the relationships between all variables. The methodology uses simulations or real-life examples to reinforce the concept viewed, allowing students to see, in an integrated manner, how the same variables and concepts can be seen and interact in a real scenario for their professional context.
First results from third harmonic ion cyclotron acceleration of deuterium beams in EAST ion heating studies experiments
Authors: Zhu G. , Zhang W. , Zhang X. , Zhong G. , Qin C. , Liu L. , Yang H. , Liao L. , Cheng Y. , Mao Y. , Yuan S. , Wang Y. , Li H. , Luo J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent Experimental Advanced Superconductivity Tokamak experiments have been dedicated to the studies of increasing ion temperature using Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) in synergy with radio-frequency waves in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRFs) in third harmonic. They showed that this scenario effectively accelerates fast deuterium ions and produces a larger tail of fast neutrons with E > 3.0 MeV, as measured by Neutron Energy Spectrum. Comparing to the scenario with 2.2 MW NBI alone, adding an addition of 0.3 MW ICRF power leads to an enhancement of fusion yield by 67% (from

0

.73
×
1

0

14

n

s

−

1

to

1

.22
×
1

0

14

n

s

−
1

) and an increase of core ion temperature by

Δ

T

i

∼
7

80 eV

. Besides, the simulation results of TRANSP show that the neutron yield produced by 0.2 MW ICRF in third harmonic with NBI synergy is roughly consistent with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the 80 keV fast ion tail generated by NBI can be heated up to 400 keV and 600 keV by the 0.2 MW and 1.0 MW ICRF with the synergistic effect, respectively. In addition, it is observed for the first time that this ICRF-NBI synergy leads to the excitation of fishbone instabilities with characteristic frequencies of (10–20) kHz. Furthermore, parameter scans of ICRF/NBI power and plasma density were performed for third harmonic ICRF and NBI synergetic heating schemes. It is found that the neutron yield increases nonlinearly as the ICRF power or plasma density increases.
Establishment of Safety of Hemostatic Net Application Utilizing Laser-Assisted Fluorescence Angiography With SPY-Q Software Analysis
Authors: Kachare Milind D , Moore Alec C , Little Jarrod , O’Daniel Thomas Gerald 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The hemostatic net, which was initially described as a method to decrease hematoma rates in facelift and necklift procedures, has since increased in practice and applicability. However, despite its demonstrated safety and efficacy, there exists significant skepticism with regard to its necessity; in particular, there is concern that the transcutaneous sutures may restrict dermal perfusion.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to assess flap perfusion, both before and after application of the hemostatic net, to determine if there was an objective decrease in tissue perfusion in relation to application of the hemostatic net, as measured by laser-assisted angiography (LAA).

Methods
Eight patients underwent cervicofacial flap reconstruction of cutaneous malignancy defects, after which a hemostatic net was applied. All patients underwent evaluation with LAA both before and after application of the net. The average relative and absolute perfusion of different zones of the flap were calculated.

Results
The average absolute change in relative perfusion was +6.41%, +0.31%, and +3.28% for zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively, after application of the hemostatic net. There was no statistical difference in relative tissue perfusion after application of the net. There were no instances of delayed healing, infections, ischemia, necrosis, or hematoma. One patient developed a seroma after the net was removed. No patients had scarring or residual track marks from the transcutaneous sutures.

Conclusions
With LAA, we were able to objectively demonstrate no significant decrease in tissue perfusion after the application of the hemostatic net.

Level of Evidence: 4
Predicting executive functioning from functional brain connectivity: network specificity and age effects
Authors: Heckner Marisa K , Cieslik Edna C , Patil Kaustubh R , Gell Martin , Eickhoff Simon B , Hoffstädter Felix , Langner Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with altered executive functioning (EF). Earlier studies found age-related differences in EF performance to be partially accounted for by changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within brain networks associated with EF. However, it remains unclear which role RSFC in EF-associated networks plays as a marker for individual differences in EF performance. Here, we investigated to what degree individual abilities across 3 different EF tasks can be predicted from RSFC within EF-related, perceptuo-motor, whole-brain, and random networks separately in young and old adults. Specifically, we were interested if (i) young and old adults differ in predictability depending on network or EF demand level (high vs. low), (ii) an EF-related network outperforms EF-unspecific networks when predicting EF abilities, and (iii) this pattern changes with demand level. Both our uni- and multivariate analysis frameworks analyzing interactions between age × demand level × networks revealed overall low prediction accuracies and a general lack of specificity regarding neurobiological networks for predicting EF abilities. This questions the idea of finding markers for individual EF performance in RSFC patterns and calls for future research replicating the current approach in different task states, brain modalities, different, larger samples, and with more comprehensive behavioral measures.
STRA6 is essential for induction of vascular smooth muscle lineages in human embryonic cardiac outflow tract development
Authors: Zhou Chikai , Häneke Timm , Rohner Eduarde , Sohlmér Jesper , Kameneva Polina , Artemov Artem , Adameyko Igor , Sahara Makoto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
Retinoic acid (RA) signalling is essential for heart development, and dysregulation of the RA signalling can cause several types of cardiac outflow tract (OFT) defects, the most frequent congenital heart disease (CHD) in humans. Matthew-Wood syndrome is caused by inactivating mutations of a transmembrane protein gene STRA6 that transports vitamin A (retinol) from extracellular into intracellular spaces. This syndrome shows a broad spectrum of malformations including CHD, although murine Stra6-null neonates did not exhibit overt heart defects. Thus, the detailed mechanisms by which STRA6 mutations could lead to cardiac malformations in humans remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of STRA6 in the context of human cardiogenesis and CHD.

Methods and results
To gain molecular signatures in species-specific cardiac development, we first compared single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets, uniquely obtained from human and murine embryonic hearts. We found that while STRA6 mRNA was much less frequently expressed in murine embryonic heart cells derived from the Mesp1+ lineage tracing mice (Mesp1Cre/+; Rosa26tdTomato), it was expressed predominantly in the OFT region-specific heart progenitors in human developing hearts. Next, we revealed that STRA6-knockout human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could differentiate into cardiomyocytes similarly to wild-type hESCs, but could not differentiate properly into mesodermal nor neural crest cell-derived smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro. This is supported by the population RNA-seq data showing down-regulation of the SMC-related genes in the STRA6-knockout hESC-derived cells. Further, through machinery assays, we identified the previously unrecognized interaction between RA nuclear receptors RARα/RXRα and TBX1, an OFT-specific cardiogenic transcription factor, which would likely act downstream to STRA6-mediated RA signalling in human cardiogenesis.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the critical role of human-specific STRA6 progenitors for proper induction of vascular SMCs that is essential for normal OFT formation. Thus, these results shed light on novel and human-specific CHD mechanisms, driven by STRA6 mutations.
Electrocardiographic findings in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and right bundle branch block ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Laredo Mikael , Tovia-Brodie Oholi , Milman Anat , Michowitz Yoav , Roudijk Rob W , Peretto Giovanni , Badenco Nicolas , te Riele Anneline S J M , Sala Simone , Duthoit Guillaume , Arbelo Elena , Ninni Sandro , Gasperetti Alessio , van Tintelen J Peter , Paglino Gabriele , Waintraub Xavier , Andorin Antoine , Peichl Petr , Bosman Laurens P , Calo Leonardo , Giustetto Carla , Radinovic Andrea , Jorda Paloma , Casado-Arroyo Ruben , Zorio Esther , Bermúdez-Jiménez Francisco J , Behr Elijah R , Havranek Stepan , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Sacher Frederic , Hermida Jean-Sylvain , Nof Eyal , Casella Michela , Kautzner Josef , Lacroix Dominique , Brugada Josep , Duru Firat , Bella Paolo Della , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Hauer Richard , Belhassen Bernard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsLittle is known about patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB)-ventricular tachycardia (VT) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Our aims were: (i) to describe electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics of sinus rhythm (SR) and VT; (ii) to correlate SR with RBBB-VT ECGs; and (iii) to compare VT ECGs with electro-anatomic mapping (EAM) data.Methods and resultsFrom the European Survey on ACM, 70 patients with spontaneous RBBB-VT were included. Putative left ventricular (LV) sites of origin (SOOs) were estimated with a VT-axis-derived methodology and confirmed by EAM data when available. Overall, 49 (70%) patients met definite Task Force Criteria. Low QRS voltage predominated in lateral leads (n = 37, 55%), but QRS fragmentation was more frequent in inferior leads (n = 15, 23%). T-wave inversion (TWI) was equally frequent in inferior (n = 28, 42%) and lateral (n = 27, 40%) leads. TWI in inferior leads was associated with reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF; 46 ± 10 vs. 53 ± 8, P = 0.02). Regarding SOOs, the inferior wall harboured 31 (46%) SOOs, followed by the lateral wall (n = 17, 25%), the anterior wall (n = 15, 22%), and the septum (n = 4, 6%). EAM data were available for 16 patients and showed good concordance with the putative SOOs. In all patients with superior-axis RBBB-VT who underwent endo-epicardial VT activation mapping, VT originated from the LV.ConclusionsIn patients with ACM and RBBB-VT, RBBB-VTs originated mainly from the inferior and lateral LV walls. SR depolarization and repolarization abnormalities were frequent and associated with underlying variants.