bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate action now: How to fuel a social movement
Authors: Lteif Lama , Nardini Gia , Rank‐Christman Tracy , Block Lauren , Bublitz Melissa G. , Catlin Jesse R. , Cross Samantha N. N. , Hamby Anne , Peracchio Laura A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur research develops a framework that explores how to fuel the climate movement by accelerating grassroots, community‐based climate action. Drawing on insights from consumer psychology, our framework identifies the psychological mechanisms that encourage and motivate people, both individually and collectively, to take climate action, thereby contributing to our understanding of how to advance social action and propel a social movement. Our climate action framework builds on: (1) individuals we describe as climate upstanders who rise up to take climate action with like‐minded others, and (2) communities of climate upstanders who engage in collective action aimed at addressing the climate crisis. Our framework expands the field of consumer psychology by redefining the role of consumers to include the practice of social action and broadening the study of consumers to include collective, community‐based action. We call on consumer psychologists to research individual and collective consumer practices related to social action and contribute to making social good central to the study of consumer psychology.
Epidemiology of pediatric hospitalizations at general hospitals and freestanding children's hospitals in the United States: 2019 update
Authors: Freyleue Seneca D. , Arakelyan Mary , Leyenaar JoAnna K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundGeneral hospitals (GH) provide inpatient care for the majority of hospitalized children in the United States, yet the majority of hospital pediatrics research is conducted at freestanding children's hospitals.ObjectiveUpdating a prior 2012 analysis, this study used 2019 data to describe characteristics of pediatric hospitalizations at general and freestanding hospitals in the United States and identify the most common and costly reasons for hospitalization in these settings.Designs, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study examined hospitalizations in children <18 years using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's 2019 Kids' Inpatient Database, stratifying neonatal and nonneonatal hospital stays.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome and MeasuresSociodemographic and clinical differences between hospitalizations at general and freestanding children's hospitals were examined, applying survey weights to generate national estimates.ResultsThere were an estimated 5,263,218 pediatric hospitalizations in 2019, including 3,757,601 neonatal and 1,505,617 nonneonatal hospital stays. Overall, 88.6% (n = 4,661,288) of hospitalizations occurred at GH, including 97.6% of neonatal hospitalizations and 65.9% of nonneonatal hospitalizations. 11.4% (n = 601,930) of hospitalizations occurred at freestanding children's hospitals, including 2.4% (n = 88,313) of neonatal hospitalizations and 34.1% (n = 513,616) of nonneonatal hospitalizations. In total, 98.9% of complicated birth hospitalizations and 66.0% of neonatal nonbirth hospitalizations occurred at GH. Among nonneonatal stays, 85.2% of mental health hospitalizations, 63.5% of medical hospitalizations, and 61.3% of surgical hospitalizations occurred at GH.
持続的血液透析から緩徐低効率血液透析への変更が有効と考えられた重篤な急性メトホルミン中毒の1例(Effectiveness of converting a continuous renal replacement therapy to a sustained low–efficiency dialysis for life–threatening metformin–associated lactic acidosis: a case report)
Authors: 康次郎 田中 , 美智子 藤澤 , 哲洋 武居 , 直樹 米澤 , 馨 杉木 , 貴之 甲斐 , 進輔 唐津 
Published: September 2023

要旨　メトホルミン関連乳酸アシドーシスは致死率の高い病態であり，乳酸と薬物クリアランスの高い間欠的腎代替療法が治療の第一選択とされる。血行動態の不安定な場合には持続的腎代替療法（continuous renal replacement therapy: CRRT）が選択肢とされるが，両者の中間的位置づけの緩徐低効率血液透析（sustained low efficiency dialysis: SLED）の有効性は不明である。CRRTが奏功せずSLEDへの変更が有効と考えられた重篤なメトホルミン関連乳酸アシドーシスの1例を報告する。38歳の女性，メトホルミン27.5gを過量服用後に救急搬送され，入院後にpH 6.83，乳酸24.0mmol/L，血圧85/50mmHgと高度な乳酸アシドーシスとショックを呈した。アドレナリンを含む高用量の循環作動薬投与下のためCRRTを選択したが，8時間経過後も乳酸やpHの改善に乏しいためSLEDへの変更を試みた。CRRT中の乳酸とpHの平均変化率は−0.12mmol/L/hr，0.002/hrであったのに対し，SLED中は一時的に循環作動薬の増量を要したものの，−0.85mmol/L/hr，0.05/hrと著明に改善した。重篤なショックを伴うメトホルミン関連乳酸アシドーシスには，一時的に循環補助の強化を要したとしてもSLEDが治療の選択肢となりうる。
Applicability of purge and trap gas chromatography‐ mass spectrometry method for sensitive analytical detection of naphthalene and its derivatives in waters
Authors: Güzel Barış , Canlı Oltan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNowadays, a wide variety of chemicals has emerged because of increasing industrial and human activities. Thus, environmental chemistry laboratories performing analytical measurements need rapid and sensitive methods more than ever to get reliable quantitative data. For this purpose, a purge and trap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) method was developed and validated for the rapid, simple, and sensitive determination of the presence of naphthalene and its derivatives in waters. The method validation was based on specificity, calibration curve linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (recovery), precision, matrix effects (MEs), and measurement uncertainty. This method showed excellent linearity from 1.00 to 40.00 μg/L except naphthalene (0.50–40.00 μg/L) because the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.997 for all analytes. The LOQ values varied from 0.312 to 0.746 μg/L, and the LOD values changed from 0.094 to 0.224 μg/L with relative standard deviations (RSDs) for all compounds below 10% (3.12–7.46), respectively. Recoveries ranged from 81.9% to 95.6%, and repeatability and reproducibility (in terms of RSD for six measurements) were lower than 10% in all cases. F test was subjected on the related data at 95% confidence level, and no statistically significant difference was observed. There was no critical ME (recovery varied from 80% to 110% in all matrices). In measurement uncertainty, the expanded uncertainties of each analyte were changed in the range of 0.39–0.52 μg/L, and the calibration curve and repeatability had dominant effects on the combined uncertainty. The application to real samples was successfully assessed by the developed method. These results indicate that the developed method is suitable for the determination of naphthalene and its derivatives in waters.
Hypoxia and hypoxia‐inducible factors in Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection and disease pathogenesis
Authors: Davis David A. , Shrestha Prabha , Yarchoan Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractKaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma and several other tumors and hyperproliferative diseases seen predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected and other immunocompromised persons. There is an increasing body of evidence showing that hypoxia and hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) play important roles in the biology of KSHV and in the pathogenesis of KSHV‐induced diseases. Hypoxia and HIFs can induce lytic activation of KSHV and KSHV can in turn lead to a hypoxic‐like state in infected cells. In this review, we describe the complex interactions between KSHV biology, the cellular responses to hypoxia, and the pathogenesis of KSHV‐induced diseases. We also describe how interference with HIFs can lead to decreased tumor growth and/or death of infected cells and KSHV‐induced tumors. Finally, we show how these observations may lead to novel strategies for the treatment of KSHV‐induced diseases.
Genetic and structural analyses reveal the low potential of the SARS‐CoV‐2 EG.5 variant
Authors: Scarpa Fabio , Pascarella Stefano , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Giovanetti Marta , Azzena Ilenia , Locci Chiara , Casu Marco , Fiori Pier Luigi , Quaranta Miriana , Cella Eleonora , Sanna Daria , Ciccozzi Massimo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 EG.5 lineage is the latest variant under monitoring, and it is generating significant concern due to its recent upward trend in prevalence. Our aim was to gain insights into this emerging lineage and offer insights into its actual level of threat. Both genetic and structural data indicate that this novel variant presently lacks substantial evidence of having a high capacity for widespread transmission. Their viral population sizes expanded following a very mild curve and peaked several months after the earliest detected sample. Currently, neither the viral population size of EG.5 nor that of its first descendant is increasing. The genetic variability appear to be flattened, as evidenced by its relatively modest evolutionary rate (9.05 × 10−4 subs/site/year). As has been observed with numerous prior variants, attributes that might theoretically provide advantages seem to stem from genetic drift, enabling the virus to continually adjust to its host, albeit without a clear association with enhanced dangerousness. These findings further underscore the necessity for ongoing genome‐based monitoring, ensuring preparedness and a well‐documented understanding of the unfolding situation.
Development and evaluation of earth air heat exchanger cum evaporative cool system as an energy‐efficient method for storage of tomatoes
Authors: Nishad Praween , Mangaraj Shukadev 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of adequate on‐farm storage facilities is one of the leading causes of enormous postharvest losses of fresh commodities, negatively affecting farmers' livelihoods and the sector's economic contribution. The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate a solar‐powered earth air heat exchanger cum evaporative cooling (EAHE‐EC) system as an energy‐efficient method for the storage of fresh produce for smallholders.ResultsThe postharvest quality parameters of tomatoes stored under ambient storage (AS) and in an EAHE‐EC system were assessed at regular time intervals during storage. These include weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, fruit firmness, color, pH, ascorbic acid, lycopene content, total phenolic acid, and antioxidant activity. The average temperature and relative humidity inside the EAHE‐EC system varied from 20.59 to 22.61 °C and 82.60% to 89.43%, respectively, in comparison with AS (26.39–39.21 °C and 22.09–43.58%). Storage methods and time had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on tomato quality. Based on the retention of the overall quality until the end of the storage period, the shelf life of tomatoes was recorded as 21 days in the EAHE‐EC system, which was 1.5 times more than AS (14 days).ConclusionsThe extra shelf‐life gained by tomatoes in the EAHE‐EC system may provide a sufficient buffer period for smallholders for retailing and marketing. This suggests that the developed system can maintain postharvest quality and increase the shelf life of tomatoes. It therefore has potential as an energy‐efficient system for the storage of fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Life Without Smell: Olfactory Function in People Working in Odorless Rooms
Authors: Chen B. , Boesen A. , Olesch F. T. , Hummel T. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesOdorous stimulation helps to maintain or to improve olfactory function. In contrast, odor deprivation has been suggested to facilitate olfactory impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of odor deprivation in people working in an odorless environment.MethodsFifty people working in an odorless environment for extended periods of time and 50 people not working in such environments were recruited. The participants were examined for olfactory function (using Sniffin’ Sticks), nasal airflow (using peak nasal inspiratory flowmetry), self‐rated olfactory function, self‐rated nasal airflow, and well‐being. Correlation analyses were used to explore the associations between the duration of working in odorless environment and olfaction, nasal airflow, and well‐being.ResultsThe cleanroom workers exhibited slightly, but significantly reduced olfactory scores (sensitivity 7.0 ± 2.5, discrimination 11.4 ± 1.8) compared with controls (sensitivity 8.9 ± 2.5, F = 4.33, p = 0.03; discrimination 12.7 ± 1.6. F = 5.50, p = 0.001), even when controlling for age and rated nasal patency, with their self‐rated olfactory function being not affected. The years of working in cleanrooms were negatively associated with olfactory function (r = 0.35, p = 0.013). No significant correlations were observed between scores of olfactory function, nasal patency, and well‐being.ConclusionCompared with controls cleanroom workers exhibited slightly, but significantly lower olfactory scores, nasal peak flow, and well‐being. Their decreased odor sensitivity was found to be associated with the number of years they had worked in the cleanroom. Overall, these results may suggest that odorous stimulation supports olfactory functioning.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:382–387, 2024
Vegetation restoration in dryland with shrub serves as a carbon sink: Evidence from a 13‐year observation at the Tengger Desert of Northern China
Authors: Gao Yanhong , Liu Lichao , Ma Shaoxiu , Zhou Yuanyuan , Jia Rongliang , Li Xinrong , Yang Haotian , Wang Bingyao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDryland area accounts for approximately 40% of worldwide land area, which plays a significant role in regulating the carbon sequestration capacity of land. Vegetation restoration in drylands adopted to prevent land degradation, and may also serve as a carbon sink in the earlier stage. However, the persistence of the carbon sink for the revegetated ecosystem in drylands is still unknown. Can the well‐established restoration vegetation in dryland areas serve as a carbon sink in long‐run? To address this question, we investigated the carbon sequestration capacity of planted vegetation in dryland areas with 13 years of observation (2009–2021) for established vegetation restoration, which began in 1989. We found that the revegetation area serves as a carbon sink in all years. The mean annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is 91.61 ± 36.17 gC m−2 yr−1 (mean ± standard deviation). Annual NEP showed a significant increasing trend over the study period with a rate of 5.65 gC m−2 yr−1 yr−1 (p < 0.05). The increase in spring temperature, the earlier start of net carbon uptake and the longer duration of net carbon uptake contribute to the gradual trend of NEP. The amount of annual NEP is predominantly determined by summer precipitation. Meanwhile, our results revealed that the increase in net carbon uptake by revegetation did not lead to excessive consumption of water resources. Our results have suggested that appropriate vegetation restoration in arid areas can increase ecosystem carbon sequestration over longer timescales and mitigate climate change, with relatively low environmental consequences and risks. Considering the vast area of degraded land in the global drylands, the carbon sequestration effect of this model should be given more attention.
Enhanced recovery after surgery, current, and future considerations in head and neck cancer
Authors: List Marna A. , Knackstedt Mark , Liu Lucy , Kasabali Ahmad , Mansour Jobran , Pang John , Asarkar Ameya A. , Nathan Cherie‐Ann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesReview of the current and relevant literature to develop a list of evidence‐based recommendations that can be implemented in head and neck surgical practices. To provide rationale for the multiple aspects of comprehensive care for head and neck surgical patients. To improve postsurgical outcomes for head and neck surgical patients.MethodsExtensive review of the medical literature was performed and relevant studies in both the head and neck surgery and other surgical specialties were considered for inclusion.ResultsA total of 18 aspects of perioperative care were included in this review. The literature search included 276 publications considered to be the most relevant and up to date evidence. Each topic is concluded with recommendation grade and quality of evidence for the recommendation.ConclusionSince it's conception, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have continued to push for comprehensive and evidence based postsurgical care to improve patient outcomes. Head and neck oncology is one of the newest fields to develop a protocol. Due to the complexity of this patient population and their postsurgical needs, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to facilitate recovery while minimizing complications. Current and future advances in head and neck cancer research will serve to strengthen and add new principles to a comprehensive ERAS protocol.Level of Evidence2a.
Multi‐Wavelength Quantum Light Sources on Silicon Nitride Micro‐Ring Chip
Authors: Fan Yun‐Ru , Lyu Chen , Yuan Chen‐Zhi , Deng Guang‐Wei , Zhou Zhi‐Yuan , Geng Yong , Song Hai‐Zhi , Wang You , Zhang Yan‐Feng , Jin Rui‐Bo , Zhou Heng , You Li‐Xing , Wang Zhen , Guo Guang‐Can , Zhou Qiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMulti‐wavelength quantum light sources are extremely desired in establishing communication links among multiple users for realizing quantum networks. Despite recent impressive advances, developing such a quantum light source with high quality remains challenging. Here a multi‐wavelength quantum light source using a silicon nitride micro‐ring with a free spectral range of 200 GHz is demonstrated. The generation of eight‐wavelength‐paired photon pairs is ensured in a wavelength range of 25.6 nm. With device optimization and noise‐rejecting filters, this source enables the generation of heralded single‐photons at a rate of 62 kHz with and the generation of energy‐time entangled photons with a visibility of in the Franson interferometer. These results, at room temperature and telecom wavelength, in a CMOS‐compatible platform, represent an important step toward integrated quantum photonic devices, which pave the way for realizing a large‐scale quantum network.
Metamaterial‐enabled Fully On‐Chip Polarization‐Handling Devices
Authors: Zhao Yaotian , Xiang Jinlong , He An , He Yu , Guo Xuhan , Su Yikai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolarization manipulation is essential in photonic integrated circuits and has numerous applications in various fields, such as optical communication, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics. Advances in nanofabrication have enabled the integration of subwavelength‐structured metamaterials on optical waveguides, providing unprecedented optical manipulation capabilities beyond classical waveguide‐based architectures. In this paper, the polarization space is demonstrated to be fully manipulated by a dielectric metamaterial composed of nanoholes and nanoslots. This approach offers competitive performances for key polarization components, including the polarizer, polarization beam splitter, and polarization‐splitter‐rotator, while maintaining ultra‐compact coupling regions of 18×1 µm2, 16×1.1 µm2, and 13×1 µm2 respectively. The devices are designed by manipulating the phase and amplitude of all possible eigenmodes supported in the waveguide, which is inherently scalable and versatile for on‐chip mode and wavefront manipulation. The unique properties of metamaterials provide powerful tools for on‐chip polarization manipulation and offer new possibilities for the development of compact and high‐performance photonic integrated circuits.
Enhanced Asymmetric Light‐Plasmon Coupling in Graphene Nanoribbons for High‐Efficiency Transmissive Infrared Modulation
Authors: Lan Guilian , Tang Linlong , Dong Jiduo , Nong Jinpeng , Luo Peng , Li Xin , Li Zhancheng , Zhang Yongna , Dai Yujie , Wang Wei , Shi Haofei , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGraphene plasmonic modulators can manipulate the mid‐infrared light in transmission mode, which is currently challenging for traditional liquid crystal and digital micromirror devices, opening up a new avenue for infrared scene projection, infrared optical communication, and hyper spectra imaging. Nevertheless, their efficiencies are not high enough due to the single‐layer atomic thickness and low free carrier density of graphene. Here, it is demonstrated that the modulation efficiency can be significantly improved by enhancing the asymmetric light‐plasmon coupling. A general theoretical model is established to describe the modulation behaviors of the modulator, revealing the critical role of the asymmetric coupling rate. By using dielectric environment engineering and graphene structure design experimentally to enhance the asymmetric coupling rate from 0.45×1012 to 7.05×1012 s−1, the modulation efficiency has been improved from 4% to 41% at 1530 cm−1, while maintaining the bandwidth as large as 230 cm−1. The modulator outperforms previous transmission‐type graphene plasmonic modulators in both efficiency and bandwidth, presenting great potential in next‐generation infrared integrated photonics platforms.
W‐band ×8 frequency multiplier in 65 nm CMOS with 25% bandwidth and 4.63 dBm output power
Authors: Song Zelin , Yu Yiming , Zhao Chenxi , Liu Huihua , Kang Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis letter presents an ×8 frequency multiplier for the W‐band wireless satellite communication in the 65 nm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor process. To reduce the power consumption, the proposed frequency multiplier employs only one driven amplifier and three stages of doublers. All doublers adopt balanced structures to increase their robustness. The output buffer is introduced to ameliorate the impedance matching of output port so that the output power of the proposed ×8 frequency multiplier can achieve 4.63 dBm. Through the special design of the interstage impedance matching circuit, the relative 3‐dB bandwidth of the proposed frequency multiplier is over 25% (from 74.8 to 96.2 GHz). The chip also has a small size and low power consumption, which is 1.37 × 0.51 mm2 and 125 mW, respectively.
Observer preference of artificial intelligence‐generated versus clinical prostate contours for ultrasound‐based high dose rate brachytherapy
Authors: King Martin T. , Kehayias Christopher E. , Chaunzwa Tafadzwa , Rosen Daniel B. , Mahal Amandeep R. , Wallburn Tyler D. , Milligan Michael G. , Dyer M. Aiven , Nguyen Paul L. , Orio Peter F. , Harris Thomas C. , Buzurovic Ivan , Guthier Christian V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor trans‐rectal ultrasound (TRUS)‐based high dose rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy, prostate contouring can be challenging due to artifacts from implanted needles, bleeding, and calcifications.PurposeTo evaluate the geometric accuracy and observer preference of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for generating prostate contours on TRUS images with implanted needles.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 150 patients, who underwent HDR brachytherapy. These patients were randomly divided into training (104), validation (26) and testing (20) sets. An AI algorithm was trained/validated utilizing the TRUS image and reference (clinical) contours. The algorithm then provided contours for the test set. For evaluation, we calculated the Dice coefficient between AI and reference prostate contours. We then presented AI and reference contours to eight clinician observers, and asked observers to select their preference. Observers were blinded to the source of contours. We calculated the percentage of cases in which observers preferred AI contours. Lastly, we evaluate whether the presence of AI contours improved the geometric accuracy of prostate contours provided by five resident observers for a 10‐patient subset.ResultsThe median Dice coefficient between AI and reference contours was 0.92 (IQR: 0.90–0.94). Observers preferred AI contours for a median of 57.5% (IQR: 47.5, 65.0) of the test cases. For resident observers, the presence of AI contours was associated with a 0.107 (95% CI: 0.086, 0.128; p < 0.001) improvement in Dice coefficient for the 10‐patient subset.ConclusionThe AI algorithm provided high‐quality prostate contours on TRUS with implanted needles. Further prospective study is needed to better understand how to incorporate AI prostate contours into the TRUS‐based HDR brachytherapy workflow.