bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XrvB regulates the type III secretion system by directly repressing hrpG transcription in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola
Authors: Peng Jian-Ling , Shi Jia-Feng , Ma Zeng-Feng , Zhou Xiao-Long , Ye Wen-Xin , Su Qian , Zhu Gui-Ning , Tang Ji-Liang , Li Rui-Fang , Lu Guang-Tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractXrv proteins are a group of regulators in Xanthomonas spp., belonging to the histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. The rice bacterial leaf streak pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) harbors three Xrv proteins, the XrvA, XrvB, and XrvC. Here, we report that in Xoc, the XrvB but not XrvA and XrvC is involved in negative regulation of the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by hrp genes. As with other Xanthomonas spp., the T3SS is an essential virulence determinant of Xoc and the expression of the hrp genes in Xoc is controlled by the HrpG/HrpX regulatory cascade. HrpG positively regulates the expression of HrpX, which in turn activates the transcription of the hrp genes. We provide evidences to demonstrate that the XrvB binds to the promoter region of hrpG and represses its transcription. Furthermore, we found that XrvB production was induced in the Xoc cells cultured in a nutrient-rich medium compared to a hrp-inducing minimal medium. We also found that in Xoc, the hrpG expression level is inversely correlated with the content of XrvB, and XrvB occupancy at hrpG promoter region is positively correlated with XrvB levels. Our data suggest that XrvB is a determinative factor controlling the expression levels of HrpG. In addition, mutation analysis revealed that the Xoc XrvB also plays positive roles in regulating bacterial growth, cell motility, and stress tolerance. Our findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of T3SS expression regulation in Xoc.
Drug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) - producing Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species from the views of one-health approach in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abayneh Mengistu , Zeynudin Ahmed , Tamrat Rahel , Tadesse Mulualem , Tamirat Abraham 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria present a significant and ongoing public health challenge, its magnitude remains poorly understood, especially in many parts of the developing countries. Hence, this review was conducted to describe the current pooled prevalence of drug resistance, multidrug- resistance (MDR), and Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species in humans, the environment, and animals or food of animal origin in Ethiopia.

Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, and other sources were searched for relevant articles as per the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A critical appraisal for screening, eligibility, and inclusion in the meta-analysis was made based on the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) essential appraisal tools. The meta-analysis was done on Statistical Software Package (STATA) version 17.0.

Results
A total of 33 research articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species were the most frequently reported bacteria from two or more sources. More than 50% of Klebsiella species and 25% to 89% of Escherichia coli from two or more sources were resistant to all analysed antibiotics, except carbapenems. Fifty-five percent (55%) to 84% of Acinetobacter species and 33% to 79% of Pseudomonas species from human and environmental sources were resistant to all analyzed antibiotics. Carbapenem resistance was common in Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species (38% to 64%) but uncommon in Enterobacteriaceae (19% to 44%). Acinetobacter species (92%), Klebsiella species (86%), and Pseudomonas species (79%) from human sources, and Proteus species (92%), and Acinetobacter species (83%), from environmental sources, were the common multidrug-resistant isolates. About 45% to 67% of E. coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species from human and environmental sources were ESBL producers.

Conclusion
Our review report concluded that there was a significant pooled prevalence of drug resistance, MDR, and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species from two or more sources. Hence, our finding underlines the need for the implementation of integrated intervention approaches to address the gaps in reducing the emergence and spread of antibiotic- resistant bacteria.
Spatial distribution of Türkiye’s local Turkish coffee kinds
Authors: Demir Yeliz , Bertan Serkan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis research aims to determine the contents, cooking, and serving styles of local Turkish coffee kinds in Türkiye and to reveal their differences from traditional Turkish coffee. In addition, the distribution of local Turkish coffee kinds determined according to cities and regions was determined. Document analysis was applied to determine the features of local Turkish coffee kinds. In the document analysis, local Turkish coffee kinds are divided into three basic categories according to the codes of “coffee content,” “serving style,” “cooking method,” and “difference from traditional Turkish coffee.” Turkish coffee in the first category is prepared without using coffee powder, and local Turkish coffee kinds in the second category differ from traditional Turkish coffee with their features such as the coffee beans are roasted and ground, the presentation of the coffee, the degree of cooking, and the cooking method of the coffee. Different products (local products) are mixed into the coffees in the last local Turkish coffee category. Additionally, local Turkish coffees specific to cities were collected under the “city/region authenticity” code. Black Cumin Coffee, Mırra Coffee, Menengic Coffee, Kenger Coffee, Turkish coffee cooked in a cup, and Dibek Coffee are common local Turkish coffee kinds in some cities and regions.
Alignment analysis of teaching–learning-assessment within the classroom: how teachers implement project-based learning under the curriculum standards
Authors: Zhao Liu , Zhao Bo , Li Chunmi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis multi-case study examined the strengths and weaknesses of aligning teaching–learning-assessment of classroom project-based learning to curriculum standards and offered suggestions for teacher training and instructional improvement. The study constructed an alignment analysis framework for analyzing the cognitive dimension of classroom project-based learning and analyzed the situation of two junior high schools in Zhejiang Province using deductive and inductive content analysis. According to the results, the cognitive demands of classroom instruction activities and classroom assessments were much higher than those of teaching objectives and curriculum standards. Simultaneously, classroom instruction paid insufficient attention to engineering topics, and all instructional implementation elements exhibited content and cognitive deficiencies. The study suggests that teachers' dearth of engineering knowledge and the characteristics of project-based learning in the classroom are the primary reasons for the lack of alignment among three instructional implementation elements with curriculum standards. Similarly, it was discovered that classroom project-based learning has the characteristics of co-development of physical knowledge and engineering content and that future research can focus on developing more effective forms of classroom content organization and time distribution.
Outcome and prognostic factors of pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: a single-center experience
Authors: Ali Nesreen , Mansour Mohamed , Khalil Ehab , Ebeid Emad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable malignant tumor. Risk-adapted treatment for children with HL aims to maximize survival while minimizing toxicity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome and prognostic characteristics of Egyptian pediatric HL patients treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University.

Methods
All newly diagnosed cases of classic HL treated between January 2016 and December 2018 were included in this study.

Results
The median age at initial presentation was 8 years in 69 eligible individuals, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.7:1. Eighteen percent of patients had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of more than 50, 42% had more than three lymph node (LN) group involvements, 18.8% had bulky disease, 52.2% were at an advanced stage, and 34% had B symptoms. Age  > 15 years, B symptoms,  > 3 LN group involvement, extra-nodal disease, and advanced stages significantly affected the overall survival rate (OS) (P-values = 0.03, 0.033, 0.008, 0.017, and 0.032). There was no statistically significant difference between patients who got combined modality therapy (CMT) and those who received chemotherapy alone (3-year OS and event-free survival (EFS) were 95.5% and 87.6% vs. 89.9% and 83.3%, P-values of 0.70 and 0.90). Patients with an interim-negative positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) had a 3-year OS of 94.7%, compared to 74.1% in patients with an interim-positive PET-CT (P = 0.06), suggesting that rapid early response (RER) is a significant prognostic factor. There was no statistically significant survival difference between patients with a negative interim PET-CT who got CMT and those who received chemotherapy alone (3-year OS and EFS: 100% and 88.2% vs. 95% and 90%; P = 0.35 and 0.70, respectively). Three-year OS was 93.3% and 100%, and EFS was 74.3% and 100% (P = 0.495 and 0.196%) for those who got 15 Gy versus those who received 20 Gy or more, respectively. At the end of the study, the OS and EFS at 3 years for the whole group were 91.9% and 83.6%.

Conclusion
Treatment with risk- and response-adaptive treatment should be the standard of care for treating pediatric patients with HL.
Correlation between serum uric acid and pulmonary arterial hypertension based on echo probability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Sweed Rania Ahmad , Bedair Ghadeer Mostafa Mohamed , Shaban Ahmed Yousef , Shaarwy Hany Amin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome is the most common form of SRBDs. Recurrent hypoxia, which accompanies OSAHS, increases the degradation of ATP, which in turn increase uric acid concentration that can be used as a biomarker of tissue hypoxia in OSAHS. There is still debate about whether OSAHS is an independent contributor to pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Aim of the work
This study aimed to correlate serum uric acid levels and PAH in OSAHS patients.

Methods
We enrolled 100 patients diagnosed with OSAHS using polysomnography. Patients were divided into three severity groups: mild OSA (5 ≤ AHI < 15), moderate OSA (15 ≤ AHI < 30), and severe (30 ≤ AHI < 60). Serum uric acid was measured the morning after polysomnography. All patients underwent standard echocardiograms, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure calculation was done.

Results
Among our studied patients (66% males, 34% females), the mean age was 53.04 ± 8.45 years. Six percent, 38%, and 56% were diagnosed as mild, moderate, and severe OSAHS, respectively. The mean AHI was 31.93 ± 11.78 event. Pulmonary HTN was detected in 78% of patients. Those with elevated uric acid levels represented 92.3% of patients versus 9.1% of patients without pulmonary HTN, p < 0.001. The level of serum uric acid positively correlated with pulmonary HTN level.

Conclusion
Pulmonary arterial pressure correlated positively with serum uric acid level. Both serum uric acid level and PAP positively correlated with the severity of OSA. Further confirmation with right heart catheterization is essential.

Trial registration
NCT05967754, on July 22, 2023 — retrospectively registered.
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals: Darwin's forgotten masterpiece
Authors: Abed Riadh , St John-Smith Paul 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYThe Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals has been considered Charles Darwin's forgotten masterpiece and is his only book on psychology. It is also the first ever systematic application of Darwinian theory to the expression of emotions and has been considered by some to be the foundational text of evolutionary psychology. This article explores some key concepts in the book and gives reasons why both psychiatry and psychology can benefit greatly from becoming better acquainted with this work.
Autism care pathway in Europe
Authors: Mendez Maria A. , Oakley Bethany , Canitano Roberto , San José-Cáceres Antonia , Tinelli Michela , Knapp Martin , Cusack James , Parellada Mara , Violland Pierre , Derk Plas Jan R. , Canal-Bedia Ricardo , Bejarano-Martin Alvaro , Murphy Declan G.M. , Quoidbach Vinciane , Arango Celso 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Autism is a lifelong complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects brain development and behaviour with significant consequences for everyday life. Despite its personal, familial, and societal impact, Europe-wide harmonised guidelines are still lacking for early detection, diagnosis, and intervention, leading to an overall unsatisfactory autistic person and carer journey.

Methods
The care pathway for autistic children and adolescents was analysed in Italy, Spain and the UK from the perspective of carers (using a survey aimed at caregivers of autistic children 0–18 years old), the autistic community, and professionals in order to identify major barriers (treatment gaps) preventing carers from receiving information, support, and timely screening/diagnosis and intervention.

Results
Across all three countries, analysis of the current care pathway showed: long waits from the time carers raised their first concerns about a child’s development and/or behaviour until screening and confirmed diagnosis; delayed or no access to intervention once a diagnosis was confirmed; limited information about autism and how to access early detection services; and deficient support for families throughout the journey.

Conclusions
These findings call for policy harmonisation in Europe to shorten long wait times for diagnosis and intervention and therefore, improve autistic people and their families’ journey experience and quality of life.
Formation of Novel Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Scholl Reactions of Di(1-anthryl) Ketones via Cyclization and Rearrangement
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Sekikawa Hiroshi , Fukuda Hiroki , Ikeda Hiroshi , Tsurumaki Eiji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Scholl reactions of di(1-anthryl) ketones were performed with chloranil under an acidic condition. The reaction of the parent ketone gave a cyclized product containing a seven-membered ring, which was enantiomerically separable. In contrast, the reaction of 4-(mesityloxy)-1-anthryl derivative mainly afforded an unexpected polycyclic aromatic ketone consisting of eight six-membered rings via skeletal rearrangement. The structure and properties of these products and the reaction mechanism are reported.
Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with academic scores and gender in students of Masters in Health Professions Education (MHPE) at a Public Sector University
Authors: Fatima Afzal , Ali Syeda Kauser 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To determine the correlation between Emotional Intelligence (EI) scores and academic scores and identify other factors that have a relationship with EI.
Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the year 2021 on 52 students enrolled in three batches of the MHPE program of a public sector university in Karachi. Data was collected by using Sterrett’s Emotional Quotient Self-Assessment Checklist along with a self-constructed form for obtaining demographic profile information. Descriptive analysis was done by calculating percentage, mean and standard deviation. The correlation was done by using Spearman rho and association was tested by Chi-square.
Results: Data from forty-one participants showed that the majority need to improve their EI. Females and married participants had higher EI scores. There was a significant positive correlation between EI scores and academic performance but no significant association was found between EI and gender of the participants.
Conclusion: The study showed that EI competencies have a strong positive correlation with the academic performance of MHPE students. Hence, it emphasizes the need for including development of EI in the outcomes and curricula of the existing MHPE program.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7399
How to cite this: Fatima A, Ali SK. Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with academic scores and gender in students of Masters in Health Professions Education (MHPE) at a Public Sector University. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7399
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The potential of peritoneal dialysis as a cost-effective and sustainable treatment option for chronic kidney disease: A perspective from a resource-limited country like Pakistan
Authors: Rahima Azam  , Maryam Raza  
Published: September 2023

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.8560
How to cite this: Azam R, Raza M. The potential of peritoneal dialysis as a cost-effective and sustainable treatment option for chronic kidney disease: a perspective from a resource-limited country like Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.8560
SWAT 137: A 2x2 randomised factorial SWAT of the use of a pen and brief information leaflet to improve recruitment in a randomised controlled trial of a community-based clinic for patients with persistent physical symptoms
Authors: White David , Sutton Laura , Mooney Cara , Dawson Jeremy , Burton Chris ,   PROMETHEUS Group
Published: September 2023

Background Many strategies are used by trialists to improve recruitment, but few have been tested. We aimed to evaluate two interventions: 1) a study branded pen and 2) brief participant information leaflet, included within invitation packs for the Multiple Symptoms Study 3 (MSS3) trial. Methods A 2x2 factorial ‘study within a trial’ (SWAT) embedded into MSS3 – a randomised trial of a community-based clinic for patients with persistent, medically unexplained, physical symptoms. Potential MSS3 participants received postal invitations sent via GP practices, along with a MSS3 branded pen and/or brief participant information leaflet (PIL) or neither. The primary outcome was randomisation rate. Secondary outcomes were return rate, time to return, reasons for non-randomised returns and cost-effectiveness. Results 108 GP practices posted 6946 invitations, from which 318 participants (4.6%) were randomised to the host trial. Between those sent a brief PIL (n=3467) and not sent a brief PIL (n=3479) there was no significant difference in randomisation rates (166 (4.8%) vs 152 (4.4%); OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.88-1.38). Response rates were significantly higher in those sent the brief PIL (573 (16.5%) vs 513 (14.7%); OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.30). Between those sent the pen (n=3464) and not sent the pen (n=3482) there was no evidence of increased randomisation (145 (4.2%) vs 173 (5.0%); OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67-1.05) and the difference in response rates was not statistically significant (563 (16.3%) vs 523 (15.0%); OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.96-1.25). For both SWAT interventions, time to response was comparable between groups. Conclusion There was no significant evidence of effectiveness of the brief PIL intervention or the pen intervention on recruitment to the host study. There was evidence of increased response rates to the initial invitation in the brief PIL group, compared to those not receiving a brief PIL in their invitation pack.
Impact of vitamin D deficiency in relation to the clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rachman Andhika , Rahmaniyah Rizky , Khomeini Andi , Iriani Anggraini 
Published: September 2023

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging public health problem that affects more than one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D has been shown to be effective in preventing and reducing the severity of viral respiratory diseases, including influenza. However, the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia from October 2021 until February 2022. Results: The median serum 25(OH)D level in 191 hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 13.6 [IQR=10.98] ng/mL. The serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency who had cardiovascular disease (p-value=0.04), the use of a ventilator (p-value=0.004), more severe COVID-19 cases (p-value=0.047), and mortality (p-value=0.002). Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 cases (p-value <0.001). Serum 25(OH)D levels in mild and moderate COVID-19 cases were significantly different (p-value=0.002). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with an increased number of comorbidities (p-value=0.03), the severity of COVID-19 (p-value=0.002), and the use of mechanical ventilation (p-value=0.032). Mortality was found in 7.3% of patients with deficient vitamin D levels. However, patients with either sufficient or insufficient vitamin D levels did not develop mortality. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were significantly associated with having cardiovascular disease, mortality, more severe COVID-19 cases, and the used of mechanical ventilation. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an increased number of comorbidities, COVID-19 severity, and the use of mechanical-ventilation. Thus, we suggest hospitalized COVID-19 patients to reach a sufficient vitamin D status to improve the clinical outcome of the disease.