bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD 133 Gene Polymorphisms as Predictive Markers for Development of Cancer Pancreas
Authors: El Razek Kamel Elnakeeb Noha Abd , Saad Rafaat Atta Ibrahim , George Tari Magdy Aziz , Ahmed Marwa Hassan Mohamed , Abdelhaleem Mostafa Khairy Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, it ranks the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the Western world and the 13th commonest cancer.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic variants CD133 (rs1029728, rs2240688, rs2286455, and rs3130) as possible non-invasive predictive biomarker for Pancreatic cancer in the Egyptian population, this could help to detect the susceptible individuals, diagnose patients earlier, and this improve the therapeutic outcome.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted in co-operation between Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Ain-Shams University and the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute “between” september 2020 to march 2021. It included total participants of 133

Results
Our study demonstrated that there are three gene polymorphisms showed significant increase in pancreatic cancer group vs. control group, rs2240688 (TT) (65.5%) vs. (44.9%), rs1029728 (AA) (20.2%) vs. (2.0%), and rs3130 (TT) (32.1%) vs. (16.3%) respectively. There is significant increase in rs2240688 (TT), rs1029728 (AG) and rs3130 (TT) with smoking in pancreatic cancer group. And There is significant increase in males in pancreatic cancer group vs. control group in rs3130 (TT) with rs2240688 (TT) polymorphism. While rs2286455 showed no statically significance. The functional polymorphisms rs3130 (CC) and rs2240688 (CC) were found to be higher in control group vs. pancreatic cancer group that may represent a protective value against the disease. So, CD133 gene polymorphisms, rs2240688 (TT) rs1029728 (AA) and rs3130 (TT) could be used as a predictive marker for Pancreatic cancer after validation by larger studies or met analysis.

Conclusion
We concluded that the Genetic polymorphisms of the CD133 gene were associated with risk of Pancreatic cancer are three polymorphisms and represented as rs2240688 (TT) (65.5%) vs. (44.9%), rs1029728 (AA) (20.2%) vs. (2.0%), and rs3130 (TT) (32.1%) vs. (16.3%) Vs. control group. There is significant increase in rs2240688 (TT), rs1029728 (AG) and rs3130 (TT) with smoking in pancreatic cancer group vs. control group. rs3130 (TT) with rs2240688 (TT) gene polymorphisms showed significant increase in pancreatic cancer group group vs. control in male gender only as. According to the age as a demographic variable, mean age for pancreatic cancer group was 61.5 years with percentage of (76.2%) for age more than 50 years vs. (23.8%) for age less than or equal 50 years these. The functional polymorphisms rs3130 (CC) and rs2240688 (CC) were found to be higher in control group vs. pancreatic cancer group that may represent a protective value against the disease.
Assessment of Right Lobe Size/Serum Albumin Ratio as a Non-Invasive Marker for EsophagealVarices in HCV Patients
Authors: Bayoumy Essam Mohammed , Samir Ahmed , Salem Salem Hamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Oesophageal varices are the most critical porto-systemic shunts that develop secondary to portal hypertension, which is considered the main complication of liver cirrhosis. Many studies recommend the screening of all cirrhotic patients by endoscopy, but repeated endoscopic examinations are unpleasant for patients and have a high- cost impact and burden on endoscopic units.

Aim and of the work
To investigate the value of measurement of (Rt. lobe diameter/ serum albumin ratio) in the prediction of esophageal varices.

Subjects and Methods
This was Case- control study, was carried out at outpatient clinics of Hepatology and inpatient department of Gastroenterology at Ain Shams University Hospital on 100 patients divided into 3 groups: (Group 1): 30 patients with Child-Pugh A, (Group 2): 30 patients with Child-Pugh, (Group 3): 40 patients with Child-Pugh C, during a period of 6 months.

Result
There were highly significant difference between both groups as regard Platelet count /spleen diameter ratio and Right liver lobe size/Serum Albumin ratio.

Conclusion
The use of Right liver lobe/serum albumin ratio can help physicians by restricting the use of endoscopic screening only to patients presenting a high probability of esophageal varices. This is especially useful in clinical settings where resources are limited, and endoscopic facilities are not present in all areas.
Vit D Assessment in Patients with Covid-19 Virus
Authors: Youssef Tarek Mohamed , Abdelrahman Shereen Abo Bakr , Ahmed Ahmed Elmetwally , Ali Sara Fekry 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
vitamin D may potentially play an important role in preventing or ameliorating the multi-system consequences of COVID-19 infections.

Aim of the Work
The aims of this study is to assess that there is a potential association between mean levels of vitamin D in the cases and mortality caused by COVID-19.

Patients and Methods
This was a case control study that was conducted on 80 Egyptian Patients attending at El medani hospital, El Obour specialized hospital, and the outpatient clinics at Ain shams University hospitals through six months.

Results
Vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome, a major cause of death associated with COVID-19. Vitamin D plays a role in strengthening the body‟s immunity by inducing monocyte differentiation and inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation. Regarding to the laboratory investigations: We have found that the number and percentage of WBC, LYM and NEU were significantly different between positive and negative RT-PCR cases for COVID-19/or SARS-CoV-2. In comparison to the normal range, we found low WBC and LYM counts in patients with positive RT-PCR COVID-19. Regarding to vitamin D: Our study showed statistically significant positive correlation between vit D and lymphocytes, and there was statistically significant negative correlation between vit D, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, CRP, BUN, S. creatinine, AST, ALT, FERRITIN, LDH and D-DIMER.

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for infections as well as for insufficient innate immune system reactivity, therefore the winter time testing for serum vitamin D status (lowest levels expected) should be mandatory as part of regular health check status. The test is even more mandatory in patients with chronic diseases, where we expect vitamin D deficiency during all the year and an increased burden of risk factors for further disease severity and even mortality. In conclusion, this study confirms that vitamin D deficiency is associated with more severe lung involvement, longer disease duration, in COVID-19 patients.
Comparative Study Evaluating the Effect of the Administration of Vitamin K2 versus Placebo on Vascular Calcification in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Elshinnawy Howayda Abdelhamid , Elsaid Tamer Wahid , Elsharabasy Reem Mohsen , Zakhrious Shereen Ibrahem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Vitamin K deficiency serves as risk factor for vascular calcification in CKD patients. Vitamin K family includes phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and several menaquinones (vitamin K2). Until trials are designed to compare the effects of phylloquinone and menaquinone on CAC and other cardiovascular outcomes, it is not known if one form of vitamin K is superior to any other form of vitamin in terms of cardiovascular health.

Objective
To evaluate the effect of supplementation of vitamin K2 (menaquinone, MK-7) on circulating levels of calcification regulators and to assess their safety in patients on regular hemodialysis patients.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted on 84 ESRD patient on regular Hemodialysis recruited from Ain shams university Hospitals hemodialysis unit, their age ranged from 18 to 75 years This study was conducted from June 2020 to September 2020 in Hemodialysis Unit of Ain Shams University Hospitals, each participant signed informed consent. The study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University in April 2020. Patients were equally divided into two groups: Vitamin K2 group: 42 patients will receive 90 ug per day orally in addition to their standard treatment for 3 months period. Placebo group: 42 patients will receive placebo orally in addition to their standard treatment for 3 months period.

Results
In our study there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to their risk factors regarding smoking, HTN, HCV, DM, and ISHD. In this work only 22.5 % of patients were diabetic in 1st group and 35% were diabetic in placebo group, but their diabetes was well controlled and there was no significant difference between groups regarding incidence of There was no significant difference between groups regarding vascular access (AVF, Permicath) and duration of dialysis this study did not find a significant difference in blood pressure, BMI, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, hemoglobin%, PTH, between group I and group II at the start of the study and after 3 months.

Conclusion
The study are that it is a pilot study with a small sample size, no funding was present., also carotid duplex was not done so effect of vitamin k2 administration and rise in serum MGP level on vessels calcification and atherosclerotic changes couldn’t be assessed.
Effect of Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy on Lipid Profile in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Awed Emad Ahmed , AL Baz Hossam Samir Ebrahim , Allah Shimaa Hussein Gad , Ahmed Shimaa Adel Mahdy 
Published: August 2023

Background
Chronic hepatitis viral infection is associated with wide metabolic disarrangements. HCV interacts with lipid metabolism leading to steatosis, hepatitis c virus infection is linked to the lower lipid profiles and progression of the chronic liver disease.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Effect of Direct Acting Antivirals therapy on serum lipid profile in egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.

Patients and Methods
This study was prospective Cohort clinical study and carried out on 60 patients have chronic infection with hepatitis C who was treated with direct acting antiviral therapy on patients admitted to Aswan Fever Hospital.

Results
The results of this study showed that the basic demographic and clinical data in the two studied groups including age, sex, smoking habitat, comorbidity, BMI, and pre treatment laboratory findings which include blood picture, FBS and liver function, show insignificant difference between the two studied groups, this results was important to eliminate the effect of demographic and clinical data on the net results and the only variable affected on the net results was the type of treatment. In our results, the lipid profile show the following result, regarding triglyceride and cholesterol, it was found that there was no significant difference between the two groups pre treatment and all over the period of follow up, on the other hand at end of follow up after three months it was found that there was a significant increase in triglyceride and cholesterol in the two groups, but the increasing in group I (Sof+Dacal) was more than the increase in group II (sof+dacal+ribavirin). Regarding LDL and HDL, the levels of two variables pre treatment was matched without significant difference, the increase in LDL and decrease in HDL in group II was significantly higher than the increase in group II after one and three months, on the other hand on comparing the level of LDL and HDL pre treatment with the final follow up after 3 months, it was found that there was a significant increase in LDL and decrease in HDL in the two groups.

Conclusion
In this study, we could conclude that there was a significant increase in lipid profile in patients with chronic HCV infection treated with Sofosbuvir & Daclatasvir + Ribavirin and Sofosbuvir & Daclatasvir.
Glypican-3: A Promising Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis
Authors: Makhlof Mohammed Ali Marai , Slama Mohamed Magdy , Ahmed Ahmed Abbas Abdo , Abdella Tarek Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Molecular targets are urgently required for the early detection of HCC and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. in HCC patients, GPC3 is overexpressed at both the gene and protein levels, and its expression predicts a poor prognosis. Moreover, GPC3 has been used as a target for molecular imaging and therapeutic intervention in HCC.

Aim and objectives
to study the role of Glypican 3 levels in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients and its prognostic role after successful treatment.

Subjects and Methods
This is a Case control study, was conducted in Internal Medicine department - Ain Shams University Hospitals on 60 patients divided into 2 groups: (Group 1): included 30 patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC on top, (Group 2): included 30 patients with liver cirrhosis and no evidence of HCC.

Result
There were high significant difference between both groups as regard GPC3.

Conclusion
Glypican-3 can be a valuable diagnostic marker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis after various treatment modalities and may be complementary to alpha fetoprotein increasing overall sensitivity of HCC detection.
Genetic study of inherited peripheral neuropathy disease (Charcot–Marie Tooth) disease
Authors: Fahmy Nagia Ali , Omar Khalda Sayed , Helal Suzette Ibrahim , Nada Maha Ali , Emara Tamer Husein , Salama Amal Mohamed Hasan 
Published: August 2023

Background
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease can be caused by mutations in many different genes. These genes provide instructions for making proteins involved in the functioning of the peripheral nerves of the feet, legs, and hands. Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) related neuropathies account for over 50% of inherited peripheral neuropathies. Agene copy variation results in CMT1A (duplication of 17p11.2.p12) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP; single deletion). Point mutation comprise both phenotypes. The underlying pathological mechanisms are incompletely understood and biallilic mutations of PMP22 are very rare.

Objective
To study clinical characteristics of a cohort of Egyptian patients with CMT; frequency of PMP22 gene duplication and deletion by MLPA and molecular diagnosis.

Methodology
We applied our study on 97 Egyptian patients from 70 unrelated families with suspected CMT disease, patients were referred from different provinces to Ain Shams neuromuscular outpatient clinic. After an informed and written consent, all patients were examined neurologically and systemically. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, electromyography and genetic study.

Results
Clinical classification of our patients revealed high incidence rate of AR CMT type patients (43.3%) and sporadic cases (39.3%), while AD CMT type represents (17.5%), the cause of the high rate of negative family history of same disease affection may be for many reasons mild subclinical expression in other family members, autosomal recessive inheritance, or a de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant in a gene associated with autosomal dominant inheritance. Neurophysiological classification according to median NCV shows that 53 patients (51.5%) have axonal sensory-motor affection with median NCV &lt;38 m/s, 26 patients (26.8%) have demyelinating CMT type, and 19 patients (19.6%) have intermediate type (mixed axonal and demyelinating affection with median NCV range between 35 m/s to 45 m/s. Thus the commonest form is CMT 2 (axonal AR type) followed by CMT 4 (demyelinating AR type) with lower incidence of CMT 1 (demyelinating AD type).

Conclusion
from our study we concluded that (AR CMT type) is not uncommon in Egypt because of the high prevalence of consanguinity, and that PMP22 duplication is not a common cause of Egyptian inherited neuropathy disease.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of a Sample of Egyptian Stroke Patients Admitted to the Stroke Unit of a University Hospital
Authors: Aref Hani Mohamed Amin , El Nahas Nevine , Eldine Hany Zaki , Moustafa Ramez Reda , Turk Mohamed Amir , Hassan Rana Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Stroke is a catastrophic life-changing event which influences not only stroke patients but also their families and care givers. The recommended treatments for ischemic stroke that are guideline include systematic supportive care in a stroke unit or stroke center is still deficient.

Aim of the Work
To present the demographic profile, and clinical characteristics of a sample of Egyptian patients, with acute ischemic stroke, admitted to stroke unit in Ain Shams University Hospital, and compare to other ethnic groups reported in other studies.

Subjects and Methods
This is a retrospective study, derived from the database of stroke patients admitted to the stroke unit in Ain Shams University Hospital and Ain shams specialized hospital in the period from (the first of January 2016 to 30th of March 2020).

Results
A favorable early outcome (mRS≤2) showed high significant correlation with male gender, younger age and less prevalence of AF, and a significant correlation with less prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Conclusion
The burden of stroke and high prevalence of stroke risk factors in Egypt are alarming. Research is critically needed to fully evaluate the burden of stroke in Egypt, and organization of stroke care locally and nationally requires coordinated efforts by multiple stakeholders. The most common risk factor for stroke was hypertension followed by dyslipidemia and then smoking with higher incidence of rheumatic heart diseases due to lowered living conditions.
Impact of Extent of Resection of Glioblastomas on Patients Survival (Systematic Review)
Authors: Ali Ali Kotb , Hamza Emad Maamoun , Mohamed Mohamed Abdel Rahman , Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Saeed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. It has a dismal prognosis. The importance of the extent of resection for glioblastoma has been debated for decades.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the impact of the extent of resection of glioblastomas on patients’ survival through examining the recent literature.

Patients and Methods
The present study investigated the impact of the extent of resection of a primary GBM on patients survival, through systemically reviewing the recent literature. Four electronic databases were systematically searched, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Science Direct to review the recent literature from January 2009 up till now.

Results
Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to express the summary effect estimates using the randomeffects model. Eight studies involving a total of 2249 patients with high-grade glioma were included in this study. A total of 1247 patients underwent gross total resection of the GBM and 1002 had an incomplete resection. The mean progression-free survival (GTR vs incomplete resection) was 10 vs 6.3 months and the mean overall survival (GTR vs incomplete resection) was 28.7 vs 13.5 months.

Conclusion
The quality of evidence of the available studies are poor. Therefore, it remains unclear whether GTR is safe and actually improves the survival of patients with GBM. Future prospective trials and a standardized definition of GTR are needed.
Telovelar versus Transvermian Approach in Management of Patients with Fourth Ventricular Tumors
Authors: Abd Allah Adel Nabieh Mohamed , Elayouty Ahmad Elsayed Desoukey , Emara Ahmed Mohamed Elsayed , Ali Mohamed Hamed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Approaching the fourth ventricle surgically is particularly challenging due to the limited working space provided by the important surrounding cerebrovascular structures. Its close relationship to the surrounding neural structures, including the brainstem and cerebellum, is the major limitation for surgical access. Various surgical routes to the fourth ventricular space will be described in the literature, including the conventional transvermian approach. Recent clinical and anatomical studies have suggested that the telovelar approach will maximize the extent of surgical exposure and working angle while minimizing operative morbidity.

Objectives
Our primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of each approach in handling tumors within different parts of 4th ventricle. Our secondary objective is to analyze approach related complication and limitations of application to find best surgical option for those patients with posterior fossa lesions.

Methods
The following electronic databases will be searched from 2000 to 2019: PubMed, Google scholar, Cocharne database of systematic reviews, EMBASE and Science direct using Keywords ''Telovelar approach'', ''Transvermian approach'', ''fourth ventricular tumours'', ''Medullary velum''.
Studies will be eligible if they contain the target Keywords in title or abstract, addressing our subject. Afterwards the full text of the article will be reviewed to exclude full texts not fulfilling the criteria or deviating from the initial impression taken from the title/abstract reviewing. References\ bibliography of the selected article will be sorted by discussion between study team (Student, Director and Codirectors).

Results
A total of 130 study were screened for eligibility, 6 studies were included in our systematic review for comparing the Telovelar and Transvermian approach in reaching posterior fossa lesions located within 4th ventricle regarding efficacy, clinical outcome and improvement, safety and complication. It was found that each approach has its own merits and demerits with nearly no difference between them regarding efficacy and safety, however slight superiority was linked to Telovelar approach in minimizing post-operative posterior fossa syndrome and Hydrocephalic changes.

Conclusion
we concluded that, Both transvermian -without sustained retraction- and telovelar approaches have no significant difference in safety, feasibility of total tumor excision, clinical outcome, postoperative complications and cerebellar mutism. The choice of either approach depends mainly on the surgeon's skills and preference, However the telovelar approach is generally preferred.