bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo study of the free radical yields in minibeam radiation therapy
Authors: Masilela Thongchai A. M. , Prezado Yolanda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMinibeam radiation therapy (MBRT) is a novel technique which has been shown to widen the therapeutic window through significant normal tissue sparing. Despite the heterogeneous dose distributions, tumor control is still ensured. Nevertheless the exact radiobiological mechanisms responsible for MBRT efficacy are not fully understood.PurposeReactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from water radiolysis were investigated given their implications not only on targeted DNA damage, but also for their role in the immune response and non‐targeted cell signalling effects: two potential drivers of MBRT efficacy.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations were performed using TOPAS‐nBio to carry out the irradiation of a water phantom with beams of protons (pMBRT), photons (xMBRT), 4He ions (HeMBRT), and 12C ions (CMBRT). Primary yields at the end of the chemical stage were calculated in spheres of 20 μm diameter, located in the peaks and valleys at various depths up to the Bragg peak. The chemical stage was limited to 1 ns to approximate biological scavenging, and the yield of · OH, H2O2, and was recorded.ResultsBeyond 10 mm, there were no substantial differences in the primary yields between peaks and valleys of the pMBRT and HeMBRT modalities. For xMBRT, there was a lower primary yield of the radical species · OH and at all depths in the valleys compared to the peaks, and a higher primary yield of H2O2. Compared to the peaks, the valleys of the CMBRT modality were subject to a higher · OH and yield, and lower H2O2 yield. This difference between peaks and valleys became more severe in depth. Near the Bragg peak, the increase in the primary yield of the valleys over the peaks was 6% and 4% for · OH and respectively, while there was a decrease in the yield of H2O2 by 16%. Given the similar ROS primary yields in the peaks and valleys of pMBRT and HeMBRT, the level of indirect DNA damage is expected to be directly proportional to the peak to valley dose ratio (PVDR). The difference in the primary yields implicates a lower level of indirect DNA damage in the valleys compared to the peaks than what would be suggested by the PVDR for xMBRT, and a higher level for CMBRT.ConclusionsThese results highlight the notion that depending on the particle chosen, one can expect different levels of ROS in the peaks and valley that goes beyond what would be expected by the macroscopic PVDR. The combination of MBRT with heavier ions is shown to be particularly interesting as the primary yield in the valleys progressively diverges from the level observed in the peaks as the LET increases. While differences in the reported · OH yields of this work implicated the indirect DNA damage, H2O2 yields particularly implicate non‐targeted cell signalling effects, and therefore this work provides a point of reference for future simulations in which the distribution of this species at more biologically relevant timescales could be investigated.
Solving the time capacitated arc routing problem under fuzzy and stochastic travel and service times
Authors: Martin Xabier A. , Panadero Javier , Peidro David , Perez‐Bernabeu Elena , Juan Angel A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStochastic, as well as fuzzy uncertainty, can be found in most real‐world systems. Considering both types of uncertainties simultaneously makes optimization problems incredibly challenging. In this paper we propose a fuzzy simheuristic to solve the Time Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (TCARP) when the nature of the travel time can either be deterministic, stochastic or fuzzy. The main goal is to find a solution (vehicle routes) that minimizes the total time spent in servicing the required arcs. However, due to uncertainty, other characteristics of the solution are also considered. In particular, we illustrate how reliability concepts can enrich the probabilistic information given to decision‐makers. In order to solve the aforementioned optimization problem, we extend the concept of simheuristic framework so it can also include fuzzy elements. Hence, both stochastic and fuzzy uncertainty are simultaneously incorporated into the CARP. In order to test our approach, classical CARP instances have been adapted and extended so that customers' demands become either stochastic or fuzzy. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach when compared with more traditional ones. In particular, our fuzzy simheuristic is capable of generating new best‐known solutions for the stochastic versions of some instances belonging to thetegl,tcarp,val, andruralbenchmarks.
Interventions for family support in cardiometabolic disease: An integrative review
Authors: Nguyen Angelina P. , Mai Lan Anh T. , Spies Lori A. , Carriveau Kenneth L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate how family support affects cardiometabolic outcomes.DesignIntegrative literature review.SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus were searched for peer‐reviewed primary research published between 2016 and 2021.MethodsIndependent screening of 1661 citations resulted in 17 international publications involving 16 experimental studies selected. Data were analysed using a constant comparison method.ResultsWhile the interventions varied regarding target, duration, setting and the profession of the interventionists, all studies demonstrated some level of the effectiveness for family involvement and support in the management of cardiometabolic diseases. The studies found improvement in health behaviours and clinical/psychosocial outcomes for the patients and the family members.ConclusionBased on the findings from this review, we recommend utilizing the following for future family interventions in the management of diabetes and/or hypertension: (1) broader definitions of family and structures; (2) a community participatory/action‐research method with embedded healthcare workers; (3) an interdisciplinary approach with attention to goal‐setting; (4) multimodal interventions including technology; (5) culturally tailoring interventions for relevance as needed; and (6) clear direction regarding support role and tools.
Effect of a multidisciplinary approach on hospital visit continuation in the treatment of patients with alcohol dependence
Authors: Kurata Tsutomu , Hashimoto Tasuku , Suzuki Hitoshi , Ishige Minoru , Kikuchi Shuichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsGiven the high dropout rates from initial treatment for alcoholism among patients with alcohol dependence, it is highly essential to prevent alcohol‐dependent patients from early dropout. This study aims to investigate whether a multidisciplinary approach can help achieve continuous hospital visits for this patient population for initial treatment.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study based on the medical records of all sequential alcohol‐dependent outpatients who visited Sodegaura Satsukidai Hospital for alcoholism at least once between October 2017 and March 2019. The primary outcome was the difference in the rates of patients who achieved 6 and 12 months of continuous hospital visits following the first visit with and without the multidisciplinary approach.ResultsOf all the participants (n = 67), the female‐to‐male ratios for patients supported with and without the multidisciplinary approach were 6:30 and 5:26, respectively. It was found that the rate of alcoholic patients treated with the multidisciplinary approach (n = 33, 91.7%), who had continuous hospital visits, was significantly higher than that of those without (n = 12, 38.7%) (χ2 = 21.2, p < 0.0001) during the first 6 months of treatment. Similarly, the rate of alcoholic patients treated with the multidisciplinary approach (n = 29, 90.6%) having continuous visits was significantly higher than that of those who did not receive such support (n = 8, 25.8%) (χ2 = 27.3, p < 0.0001) during the first 12 months.ConclusionA multidisciplinary approach can be used to reduce dropout from initial treatment among outpatients with alcohol dependence.
On the optimal control problem for a model of the synergy of chemo‐ and immunotherapy
Authors: Ledzewicz Urszula , Schättler Heinz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe release of tumor antigens during traditional cancer treatments leads to a stimulation of the immune response which provides synergistic effects these treatments have when combined with immunotherapies (e.g., based on check‐point blockade). Based on a low‐dimensional mathematical model, the interactions between chemo‐ and immunotherapy are analyzed and optimal control problems for the combination therapy are considered.
Interfacial tailoring of basalt fiber/epoxy composites by metal–organic framework based oil containers for promoting its mechanical and tribological properties
Authors: Li Menghan , Pan Bingli , Liu Hongyu , Zhu Liming , Fan Xiaobing , Yue Enxi , Li Ming , Qin Yibo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe chemical inertness of the basalt felt (BF) results in a weak interface bonding between BF and polymer matrix, which hinders the further application of BF reinforced composites. In this study, nickel‐based metal–organic framework (Ni‐MOF) sheets were decorated on the surface of BF by a facile one‐step hydrothermal method to improve the interfacial bonding between BF and epoxy resin (EP) matrix and embed solid paraffin. The mechanical and tribological properties of EP composites reinforced with BF were evaluated. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between BF and EP was measured by a single‐fiber drawing test, and the results indicated that the IFSS increased by 15.19% after MOF modification. The surface of BF transformed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, therefore significantly improving the compatibility between EP and BF. Compared with pure EP, the composites exhibited improvements of 37.55% and 203.39% in tensile strength and tensile modulus, respectively. Meanwhile, the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of the composite decreased by 58.82% and 56.50%, respectively. The solid paraffin was observed to be enclosed by Ni‐MOF sheets, which endowed the composite with a self‐lubricating behavior during friction. This study will advance the comprehensive performance of EP and provide a versatile strategy for tuning the interface compatibility between the reinforcement material and the matrix.Highlights
A novel Ni‐MOF decorated BF was developed for storage of PW.
The BF/MOF/PW can simultaneously boost the tribological and mechanical properties of EP.
Surface tailoring of BF was realized with decorating MOF sheets and embedding PW.
A decline in friction coefficient by 58.82% was achieved.
Effects of chocolate on cognitive function in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis on clinical trials
Authors: Shateri Zainab , Kooshki Akram , Hormoznejad Razie , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Mousavi Reihaneh , Foroumandi Elaheh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCognitive function is defined as performance in objective tasks that need conscious mind effort. It has been shown that consuming foods rich in flavanols causes neurobiological effects and improves learning, memory, and global cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic chocolate consumption on cognitive function in healthy adults based on published trials. The PICO strategy was applied to examine the research question in this study. Researchers searched the Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Related articles of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the chronic effect of chocolate on cognitive function were selected (all published from their inception to February 2021). The difference in means of the last and first measurements was the main effect measure between the control and intervention groups. For quantitative data synthesis, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were performed in the random effect model. Of the initial 340 articles identified, seven trials met the eligibility criteria. Chronic chocolate intake significantly reduced executive function time (WMD: −11.77, 95% CI: −22.49, −1.05, p = 0.03) of the participants. Further, the language and executive function (WMD: 6.38, 95% CI: 5.97, 6.80, p < 0.001) was raised by 6.38 times after the intervention with chocolate. We could not perform subgroup analysis due to insufficient trials and significant heterogeneity in some studies. It is concluded that daily consumption of cocoa may provide short and middle‐term effects on young adults and make them better cognitive performance in learning, memory, and attention.
Optimisation of laser welding of deep drawing steel for automotive applications by Machine Learning: A comparison of different techniques
Authors: Maculotti Giacomo , Genta Gianfranco , Galetto Maurizio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLaser welding is particularly relevant in the industry thanks to its simplicity, flexibility and final quality. The industry 4.0 and sustainable manufacturing framework gives massive attention to in situ and non‐destructive inspection methods to predict laser weld final quality. Literature often resorts to supervised Machine Learning approaches. However, selecting the ApTest method is non‐trivial and often decision making relies on diverse and unclearly defined criteria. This work addresses this task by proposing a statistical comparison method based on nonparametric tests. The method is applied to the most relevant supervised Machine Learning approaches exploited in literature to predict laser weld quality, specifically, considering the optimisation of a new production line, hence focussing on supervised Machine Learning methods that do not require massive data set, that is, Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Gaussian Process Regression, Support Vector Machine, Classification and Regression Tree, and Genetic Algorithms. The statistical comparison is carried out to select the best‐performing model, which is then exploited to optimise the production process. Additionally, an automatic process to optimise Machine Learning models and process parameters is resorted to, basing on Bayesian approaches, to reduce operator effect. This work provides quality and process engineers with a simple framework to compare Machine Learning approaches performances and select the most suitable process modelling technique.
A synthesis of mathematical wordproblem‐solvinginstructions for English learners with learning disabilities in mathematics
Authors: Lei Qingli , Xin Yan Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMathematics problem‐solving is a fundamental aspect of school mathematics that requires an integrated set of skills, such as comprehending the problems and mathematics computation. Providing useful problem‐solving interventions and instructions is essential for students who are English learners (ELs) with learning disabilities or at risk for learning disabilities in mathematics (LDM). This study aims to synthesise current word problem‐solving intervention studies targeted at improving the mathematic problem‐solving performance of ELs with LDM. Fourteen studies were reviewed under three instructional categories: culturally responsive scaffolding, linguistic scaffolding, and mathematical model‐based visual scaffolding. The limitations and implications for future research and practice are also discussed.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThe task of teaching mathematics word problems to English learners (ELs) with learning disabilities in mathematics (LDM) is challenging due to the additional cultural and language barriers that may coexist with disability‐related factors. This review was conducted to identify effective instructional strategies that can support ELs with LDM in overcoming these challenges and succeeding in solving mathematical word problems.Why the new findings matterThe findings from this study matter because they provide educators with valuable insights into effective instructional scaffolding that can assist ELs with LDM in solving mathematical word problems. Knowing which scaffolds are effective can help teachers provide better support to ELs with LDM in their classrooms.ImplicationsImplications for teachers are that providing multi‐component instructions during word problem solving, such as combining culturally responsive scaffolding with linguistically relevant instruction and domain‐specific instruction, can benefit ELs with LDM in solving mathematical word problems. For researchers, further studies are necessary to explore the effectiveness of incorporating non‐linguistic visual representations into interventions as a means of helping ELs make sense of mathematical tasks and express their ideas. Understanding the effectiveness of various instructional strategies can inform the development of more effective interventions and better support ELs with LDM in their academic pursuits.
Inhibiting Osteolytic Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis by Bone‐Targeted Nanoagent via Remodeling the Bone Tumor Microenvironment Combined with NIR‐II Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zeng Yaoxun , Pan Zhenxing , Yuan Jiongpeng , Song Yuqiong , Feng Zhenzhen , Chen Zefeng , Ye Zhaoyi , Li Yushan , Bao Ying , Ran Zhili , Li Xinyi , Ye Huiling , Zhang Kun , Liu Xujie , He Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBone is one of the prone metastatic sites of patients with advanced breast cancer. The “vicious cycle” between osteoclasts and breast cancer cells plays an essential role in osteolytic bone metastasis from breast cancer. In order to inhibit bone metastasis from breast cancer, NIR‐II photoresponsive bone‐targeting nanosystems (CuP@PPy‐ZOL NPs) are designed and synthesized. CuP@PPy‐ZOL NPs can trigger the photothermal‐enhanced Fenton response and photodynamic effect to enhance the photothermal treatment (PTT) effect and thus achieve synergistic anti‐tumor effect. Meanwhile, they exhibit a photothermal enhanced ability to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and promote osteoblast differentiation, which reshaped the bone microenvironment. CuP@PPy‐ZOL NPs effectively inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells and bone resorption in the in vitro 3D bone metastases model of breast cancer. In a mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis, CuP@PPy‐ZOL NPs combined with PTT with NIR‐II significantly inhibited the tumor growth of breast cancer bone metastases and osteolysis while promoting bone repair to achieve the reversal of osteolytic breast cancer bone metastases. Furthermore, the potential biological mechanisms of synergistic treatment are identified by conditioned culture experiments and mRNA transcriptome analysis. The design of this nanosystem provides a promising strategy for treating osteolytic bone metastases.
A discussion of critical errors in a longitudinal study on the deterrent effect of drug‐induced homicide laws on opioid‐related mortality across 92 counties and the District of Columbia in the United States
Authors: Carroll Jennifer J. , Bevis Leah , El‐Sabawi Taleed , Figgatt Mary , Dasgupta Nabarun , Beletsky Leo , Leiberman Amy J. , Dennis Ashleigh , Davis Corey S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrug overdose claimed more than 100,000 lives in the United States in 2021. Drug‐induced homicide (DIH) laws create specific criminal liability for individuals who provide drugs that cause or contribute to the death of another person. DIH prosecutions in the United States have increased substantially over the past decade despite the absence of meaningful evidence of their individual‐ or community‐level impacts. Recently, Lee et al. analyzed the impact of DIH laws on county‐level opioid overdose mortality across 92 counties in 10 states and concluded that DIH laws are associated with significant reductions in rates of opioid overdose death. In this commentary, we present evidence demonstrating that the Lee et al. study is fundamentally flawed. Specifically, the legal data used by Lee et al. to define their treatment condition (the presence or absence of a state‐level DIH law) is incorrect in almost every aspect. We also describe significant methodological weaknesses, including flawed sampling strategies that resulted in a biased sample of county overdose rates as well as flawed modeling strategies that cannot effectively evaluate the hypothesis that DIH laws negatively impact opioid overdose mortality. More research on the individual‐ and community‐level impacts of DIH laws is needed. In the meantime, we advise policymakers to strengthen state 911 Good Samaritan laws, as DIH laws appear to erode the efficacy of this proven overdose‐prevention strategy.
Introduction: Self-Harm from Social Setting to Neurobiology
Authors: Millard Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Self-harm is a significant mental health issue in the twenty-first century. The recorded rise in various behaviours, including deliberate self-cutting and self-burning, have been widely remarked upon and lamented.1 Eminent cultural historian Sander Gilman has recently written of a global ‘sharp public awareness of self-harm as a major mental health issue’.2 The behaviour is usually said to be motivated by a desire to regulate feelings of intolerable tension, sadness or emotional numbness, and is almost always reported to be ‘on the increase’; it is also often reported as a problem primarily affecting young women.3 Despite a steady stream of books and articles on this emotive subject from the 1980s onwards — from psychiatrists, social workers and sociologists among others — there remains little meaningful historical analysis of this phenomenon.
Venous thromboembolism following colectomy for diverticular disease: an English population-based cohort study
Authors: Yapa Anjali K D S , Humes David J , Crooks Colin J , Lewis-Lloyd Christopher A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim
This study reports venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates following colectomy for diverticular disease to explore the magnitude of postoperative VTE risk in this population and identify high risk subgroups of interest.

Method
English national cohort study of colectomy patients between 2000 and 2019 using linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care data. Stratified by admission type, absolute incidence rates (IR) per 1000 person-years and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were calculated for 30- and 90-day post-colectomy VTE.

Results
Of 24,394 patients who underwent colectomy for diverticular disease, over half (57.39%) were emergency procedures with the highest VTE rate seen in patients ≥70-years-old (IR 142.27 per 1000 person-years, 95%CI 118.32–171.08) at 30 days post colectomy. Emergency resections (IR 135.18 per 1000 person-years, 95%CI 115.72–157.91) had double the risk (aIRR 2.07, 95%CI 1.47–2.90) of developing a VTE at 30 days following colectomy compared to elective resections (IR 51.14 per 1000 person-years, 95%CI 38.30–68.27). Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) was shown to be associated with a 64% reduction in VTE risk (aIRR 0.36 95%CI 0.20–0.65) compared to open colectomies at 30 days post-op. At 90 days following emergency resections, VTE risks remained raised compared to elective colectomies.

Conclusion
Following emergency colectomy for diverticular disease, the VTE risk is approximately double compared to elective resections at 30 days while MIS was found to be associated with a reduced risk of VTE. This suggests advancements in postoperative VTE prevention in diverticular disease patients should focus on those undergoing emergency colectomies.