bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of superposition in 2D linear acoustic wave problems using Fourier Neural Operator networks
Authors: Middleton Michael , Murphy Damian T. , Savioja Lauri 
Published: January 2025

A method of solving the 2D acoustic wave equation using Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) networks is presented. Various scenarios including wave superposition are considered, including the modelling of multiple simultaneous sound sources, reflections from domain boundaries and diffraction from randomly-positioned and sized rectangular objects. Training, testing and ground-truth data is produced using the acoustic Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. FNO is selected as the neural architecture as the network architecture requires relatively little memory compared to some other operator network designs. The number of training epochs and the size of training datasets were chosen to be small to test the convergence properties of FNO in challenging learning conditions. It is demonstrated that an FNO network predicts wave behaviour faster than equivalent FDTD simulations. The use cases of FNO networks, including data compression and auralisation are considered and compared to existing operator network designs.
Loudness matching of complex tones simulating sounds from electric trucks
Authors: Elise Nyman Birgitta , Nykänen Arne 
Published: January 2025

With electric powertrains quickly advancing in the heavy vehicle sector, there is an increasing interest in the industry to find a general practice for evaluating tonal sounds. The challenge to set requirements is complex. Tonal sounds span from extremely annoying to pleasant. Established methods for prediction of tonal magnitude typically estimate individual tonal components without considering interrelations between the tones.
In this study, the loudness perception of continuous complex tones with increasing number of harmonics as well as non-harmonic tone components, is assessed using pink noise as reference. Frequencies studied cover 350-11000 Hz. These frequencies typically occur in electrified trucks, hitting the most sensitive area of the human hearing.
The results show a statistically significant positive linear relationship between perceived loudness and increasing number of harmonics, even with decreasing level of amplitude (-6 dB/oct). Significant differences are seen between harmonic and non-harmonic tonal signals, when the second partial is detuned.
Increasing the number of tonal components increases the perceived loudness linearly. Non-harmonic complex tonal sounds are assessed less loud than the corresponding harmonic sounds. In case of complex tonal sounds, models of loudness estimation need to take the number of tone components and their frequency ratios into account.
Evaluation of the current status, significance, and availability of prostate MRI und MRI guided biopsy in Germany
Authors: Ullrich Tim , Boschheidgen Matthias , Schweyen Caroline Marie , Franiel Tobias , Valentin Birte , Quentin Michael , Blondin Dirk , Kaufmann Sascha , Ljimani Alexandra , Radtke Jan Philipp , Albers Peter , Antoch Gerald , Schimmöller Lars 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEvaluation of the current status, significance and availability of multiparametric prostate MRI and MRI-guided biopsy in Germany.A voluntary web-based questionnaire with 26 distinct items was emailed to members of the German Radiological Society (DRG) and the Professional Association of German Radiologists (BDR). The questions referred to personal qualification, acquisition, quality, and management of prostate MRI, and assessment of the importance of the method.In total 182 questionnaires were captured from all 10 german postal regions (over 60% of the university hospitals, almost 50% of the maximum care hospitals and approx. 12% of the practices or medical service centers). 43% of the respondents had a Q1 or Q2 quality certificate from the DRG, 10% had a certificate from the BDR, respectively. The majority (90%) criticized inadequate reimbursement of the examination. In 47% MRI cases were discussed in an interdisciplinary tumor board, in 44% case discussions happened rarely, and 12% never had interdisciplinary discussions. On a scale from 0–100 (0%: low; 100%: high) the estimation of the clinical relevance of prostate MRIs received an average of 84% (± 16%) and the estimated approval by urologists was 75% (± 21%). Lacking clinical feedback (59%) and clinical information (42%) were perceived as the largest problems.In this representative survey the respondents estimated multiparametric MRI of the prostate as highly diagnostic and relevant with an increased approval by urologists. There is still a perceived need for continuous professional education of the method for urologists and for more widespread coverage of fusion biopsy. Prostate MRI is currently primarily offered by high volume centers. Current challenges are particularly insufficient interdisciplinary communication and inadequate reimbursement.
Using Transcranial Magnetic Nerve Stimulation to Differentiate Motor and Sensory Fascicles in a Mixed Nerve: Experimental Rat Study
Authors: Hayashi Kota , Hsieh Tsung-Hsun , Huang Yen-Lin , Chuang David Chwei-Chin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Accurately matching the correct fascicles in a ruptured mixed nerve is critical for functional recovery. This study investigates the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to differentiate motor and sensory fascicles in a mixed nerve.
Methods In all 40 rats, the median nerve in the left upper arm was evenly split into three segments. The rats were separated into two groups. In Group A (20 rats), the segment with the highest amplitude during TMS was selected as the motor neurotizer and transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve. In Group B (20 rats), only the medial one-third segment was selected and transferred without using TMS. The results were compared using grooming tests, nerve electrophysiological studies, muscle tetanus contraction force measurements, muscle weight, and axon counts at 16 weeks.
Results The grooming test showed that Group A performed significantly better than Group B at 12 and 16 weeks postoperatively. Tetanic muscle contraction force measurements also revealed that Group A had significantly better outcomes than Group B. However, electrophysiological testing, muscle weight, and axon counts showed no significant differences between the two groups.
Conclusion This study suggests that TMS can be used to distinguish motor fascicles from sensory fascicles in a mixed nerve. It is desirable to apply this technique intraoperatively to differentiate motor and sensory fascicles for appropriate nerve matching and to select the motor fascicles as a motor neurotizer for functioning free muscle innervation in human mixed nerve injury.
Direct Copper-Mediated C–H Arylation of Triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4] triazines with Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Varaksin Mikhail V. , Nikiforov Egor A. , Vaskina Nailya F. , Moseev Timofey D. , Fedotov Victor V. , Aminov Semen V. , Ulomsky Evgeny N. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe C–H functionalization strategy was first applied to the Cu-mediated radical arylation reactions of triazolotriazines with aromatic diazonium salts. A series of C(3)-modified triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines were obtained in yields of up to 80% under mild conditions. The radical nature of the reaction mechanism was established by the TEMPO radical trap experiments. The developed method is characterized by its versatile application opportunities, particularly it allows C(3)-arylated azoloazine-derived compounds of various architectures to be available. The elaborated synthetic strategy is of interest in the directed design of azaheterocyclic biomolecules with diverse pharmacological applications.
Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Approach to Quinoline-Arylsulfonate Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: DFT, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies
Authors: Manzoor Nikhat , Inam Afreen , Samreen Sabahat , Khatoon Shabana , Javed Saleem , Raj Nafis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA series of novel 4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)phenyl arenesulfonates were synthesized via a two-step process and characterized by different spectroscopic technique for structural confirmation. The electronic structure of these derivatives was investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT), a quantum mechanical method. All the derivatives were evaluated for their biological potency. The antibacterial activity was examined against a panel of bacteria, but they were found to be inactive. Antifungal examination demonstrated that these derivatives exhibited good to potent efficacy against fungal strain Candida albicans. Five derivatives had better MIC values between 125–250 μg/mL among all the synthesized compounds. These derivatives inhibited the formation and development of biofilms and other virulence factors of C. albicans such as adhesion and extracellular secreted proteinases and phospholipases. Furthermore, the result showed that these derivatives have low toxicity against human RBC cells. An in silico docking study showed a good binding energy with Als3 protein (PDB ID: 4LE8) and Sap2 protein (PDB ID: 1EAG) for 4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)phenyl 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonate and 4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)phenyl 4-methoxybenzenesulfonate. Considering the inhibitory effects of these derivatives against C. albicans, they can be used as potential candidates for antifungal development.
The Role of CT Perfusion in Predicting the Neuropsychological Outcome of Patients with Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Singla Kunal , Dev Rahul , Rawat Vikarm Singh , Arora Rajnish Kumar , Sadhasivam Saravanan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often continue to have symptoms of neuropsychological dysfunction. Studies have demonstrated cerebral perfusion (CP) deficits following TBI. There is limited literature on the association between CP and neuropsychological outcomes following TBI. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between neuropsychological outcome and CP in patients with mild to moderate TBI.
Materials and Methods Patients with mild to moderate TBI and computed tomography (CT) scan suggestive of diffuse axonal injury underwent CT perfusion scan within 48 hours of injury. All patients were evaluated with various neuropsychological tests at 3 months of follow-up. The correlation between CP and neuropsychological outcome was assessed.
Results Forty patients (21 with TBI mild and 19 with moderate TBI) were enrolled. Among 21 patients with mild head injury, 14 (66.7%) showed evidence of hypoperfusion in the right frontal lobe and 12 (57.1%) in the right parietal lobe. Among 19 patients with moderate head injury, 12 (63.1%) patients showed hypoperfusion in the right frontal lobe and 7 (36.8%) in the right parietal lobe. CP in the bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe white matters showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the number of mistakes committed in the Stroop A, B, and C tests. Perfusion in the left temporal white matter showed a negative correlation with the trail making test (parts A and B) and a positive correlation with the animal fluency test. The right parietal and left frontal lobes also showed a positive correlation with the AFT.
Conclusion We found a significant correlation between CP of the white matter of different lobes during the acute phase of TBI and neuropsychological performance at 3 months after TBI.
How to Prepare Brain Specimen for White Fiber Dissection: An Illustrative Guide
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Agrawal Deepak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background White fiber dissection is a method in acquiring in-depth neuroanatomical understanding for surgical practice. Collection of brain specimen during autopsy and preparation of the brain specimen without any disruption in anatomy are essential steps as cadaveric brain dissection is an important part of neuroanatomical teaching, and it further provides an initiative of how kind and precise the dissection must be during live surgery.
Objective The aim of the study was to explain the stepwise technique of the preparation of the brain specimen for white fiber dissection as relevant to neuroanatomical and neurosurgical teaching.
Materials and Methods The brain removal procedure is performed on the human brain during the conventional autopsy process.
Results Various consecutive and typical steps are recommended for the removal and preparation of the specimen. Photographs accompany each relevant step for better understanding of the procedure.
Conclusion In this article, we describe the technique and step-by-step guidelines to effectively remove the brain and to prepare the brain specimen for white fiber dissection. Avoiding common errors during this intricate procedure saves time and brain specimens.
Work-biased path-sampling calculations of chemical potentials: Principles and applications to uranium oxide
Authors: Barbour Orane , Crocombette Jean-Paul , Beigbeder Theo , Tranchida Julien , Bourasseau Emeric , Athènes Manuel 
Published: January 2025

We present the work-biased path-sampling scheme to calculate chemical potentials in atomic scale simulations. This scheme is based on a series of chained insertion and deletion paths from N to N + 1 to N atom systems, the sampling being performed on the paths themselves rather than on the final configurations. Equations for parallel path generations as well as geometrically biased insertions or deletions are presented. We then present two applications of our approach for the uranium dioxide crystal. The first is a test case validation of our approach for the insertion of a Xe atom in UO2. The second explores the relationship between cluster structure stability and oxygen chemical potential in overstoichiometric UO2+x oxide as a function of temperature from 800 to 2000 K and composition, from UO2 to UO2.16, using two different empirical potentials. We find that the evolution of the oxygen chemical potential is irregular, with dips for specific numbers of added oxygen atoms. Five oxygen clusters are stable at 800 K and are associated with strong dips in the chemical potential values. At intermediate temperatures, clusters of four and five oxygen atoms compete in stability. They become unstable at the highest temperatures, and the evolution of the chemical potential is then monotonous with composition.
British ideologies in the (re)-shaping of the American identity
Authors: Cecconi Elisabetta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of possessive our in colonial newspapers related to
the Imperial Crisis in North America (1764–1783) and analyses its exceptional frequency and distributional patterns
through a corpus-based methodology. It investigates the dominant ideologies which (re-)shape the colonists’ national
identity by focusing on their linguistic actualizations through a preference for the grammatical relationship of
possession. The interconnection between ideologies and possessive usage reveals to what extent the British ideology of
property as precondition of liberty and economic prosperity was at the basis of the British Americans’ identity before
and after the Declaration of Independence. Despite the discourse polarization of our vs
their, North American colonists had still a long way to go before acquiring full consciousness of
their own national distinctiveness from their British fellow-countrymen.
Female-male relations in letters to the editor in The Orphan Reviv'd: or, Powell’s Weekly
Journal (1719–1720)
Authors: Brownlees Nicholas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the discursive realisation of female-male relations in letters to the editor
(LTEs) in Elizabeth Powell’s
The Orphan Reviv'd: or, Powell’s Weekly
Journal (1719–1720) and four other early eighteenth-century newspapers. LTEs about female-male
relations in the Orphan Reviv'd are rarely neutral in tone with evaluation evident and marked
linguistically in various ways. Much of the correspondence expresses a sympathetic viewpoint of women’s condition in
their relations with men. However, this positive evaluation is modified by two important considerations. First, the
role of women is refracted through a male prism as seen in the discursive focus on male behaviour. Secondly, when
women unreservedly express agency it is viewed negatively since it reflects unacceptable features of male
behaviour.
“Girls of the period”
Authors: Guzzetti Martina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the British mainstream press had hostile
views on the Woman Question, while the new feminist periodicals exposed distortions and omissions and became the ideal
site for debates about gender. However, these magazines showed competing internal ideologies: the aim of this paper is
to investigate on how these were represented within the movement. The corpus consists of 880 articles published by

The Woman’s Signal
, Votes for Women,
The Vote and Common Cause (1894–1914): the analysis of keywords related to
gender (woman, suffragette, and lady) reveals different sets of
beliefs concerning womanhood and the emergence of internal ideologies, too, which reflected the conflicting ideas
within the British first-wave feminist movement.
Feminatives in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century periodicals in partitioned Poland
Authors: Włodarczyk Matylda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
According to Woolard, language ideology studies have focused on: (1) linguistic and social
differentiation; (2) linguistic authority, including also “linguistic construction of political and social authority”
(2021: 12). Whereas gender differentiation may be studied on the basis
of linguistic manifestations (feminatives), authority and its construction are best viewed in an emic perspective,
which calls for support from the relevant metadiscourse. This paper focuses on occupational and agentive terms for
women in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century periodicals in partitioned Poland. The analyses recover
potential authorial attitudes based on typographic marking and characterise feminine referential terms with respect to
the scores of synthetic vs. analytic and generic vs. gender-specific forms.
Language ideologies in the 18th century
Authors: Mantovani Giulia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the 18th century, public discussion on language was influenced by the philosophical debates of
the Age of Enlightenment, bearing a theoretical character. The discussions found concrete expression in the moral
weeklies (known as “Spectators”), a prototype of opinion journalism which developed from Joseph Addison and Richard
Steele’s periodical
The Spectator (London, 1711–1712 and
1714). The Spectators experienced a European circulation through translations and
imitations, thus contributing to the creation of wide communication networks among scholars. Concurrently, the
language discussion and related ideas also spread beyond national borders. This study aims to compare the use of some
topoi in the language discussions of the Spectator periodicals to investigate
the continuity or innovation of metalinguistic concepts and their underlying language ideologies.
Pluriareal languages and the case of German
Authors: Elspaß Stephan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the sociolinguistic discourse on standard language varieties, linguists working on standard varieties in
contiguous language areas, such as in the German-speaking countries, have proposed and expanded the model of pluriareality to
account for perceived deficiencies in the increasingly plurinational conception of pluricentricity. This paper first discusses
the basic assumptions and characteristics of both models and then demonstrates that the model of pluriareality appears to be
more adequate, in conceptual and linguistic terms, to describe the situation in languages such as German from a usage-based
perspective. Finally, I propose considering the pluricentric model, which is often conceptualized as a rather plurinational
model, and the pluriareal model as complementary solutions to describe different sociolinguistic constellations of standard
languages.
Conceptualization of German from an Austrian perspective
Authors: Ransmayr Jutta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This contribution presents insights from a nation-wide Austrian survey on how Austrian school teachers and students conceptualize German. The results indicate that German is conceptualized in a pluricentric manner by most teachers and students in Austrian schools, with the notion of Austrian Standard German as a distinct standard variety of the German language, particularly among Austrian language norm authorities. In light of this, the differences and commonalities between the pluricentricity and pluriareality models are discussed, and a method for integrating both is presented, illustrating what each of the models imply, how they complement each other, and how terminological issues could be solved.
Pluricentricity versus pluriareality?
Authors: Schneider Edgar W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the issue of what data from the English-speaking world can contribute to the ongoing debate on the notions of “pluricentricity” versus “pluriareality” — and to the interpretation of English(es) as pluricentric or pluriareal, respectively. After brief definitions and discussions of the core notions, areal distributions in the English-speaking world — which can be viewed as evidence for either perspective — are systematically screened and exemplified. This includes differences between national varieties of English and evidence for “epicentric” linguistic influences on the one hand, and areal distributions on local, regional, supra-national, and global scales on the other. I conclude that both notions do not exclude each other; rather, each captures and highlights different aspects of reality. “Pluriareality” describes language production, while “pluricentricity” focuses on perception.
The pluricentricity vs. pluriareality debate
Authors: Buschfeld Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The notions “pluricentricity” and “pluriareality” are hotly debated conceptions, in particular among linguists aiming to conceptualize the spread and standards of the German language (e.g. Dollinger 2019a, 2019b; Elspaß et al. 2017; Muhr 2013, 2020; Scheuringer 1996). The present chapter aims to shed light on this controversy from an Anglophone perspective. Drawing on examples of general linguistic distribution patterns and language use in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, I discuss what the two notions can contribute to our understanding and conceptualization of the English language. The conclusion, however, will be far from satisfactory for the strict proponents of the two approaches: I argue that both are valid approaches and not necessarily mutually exclusive. Only a joint perspective can shed conclusive light on the spread, conceptualizations, and standards of supra-national languages such as English (and probably also German). Further, I will argue that in times of ongoing globalization, these conceptions become increasingly obsolete, requiring more flexible approaches to linguistic variation — at least if we take on the global perspective.