bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the pediatric version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale Revised in school-aged children and adolescents
Authors: Roman-Juan Josep , Solé Ester , Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , Castarlenas Elena , Jensen Mark P. , Miró Jordi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) was originally developed to grade the severity of chronic pain conditions in adults. A revised version of this instrument (ie, GCPS-R) has been developed for use with adults to account for advances in pain metrics and new operational definitions of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain. The purpose of the current study was to adapt the GCPS-R for use with pediatric samples (P-GCPS-R) and evaluate the adapted measure's concurrent validity. One thousand five hundred sixty-four school-aged children and adolescents (55% girls; 8-18 years) completed the P-GCPS-R and provided responses to measures of physical health, anxiety and depressive symptoms, maladaptive pain coping strategies, and activity limitations. Results showed that 14% of participants had chronic pain, of which 37% (5% of the whole sample) had mild chronic pain, 45% (6% of the whole sample) bothersome chronic pain, and 18% (3% of the whole sample) high-impact chronic pain. Participants without chronic pain and those with mild chronic pain showed no significant between-group differences in any of the study measures. Participants with bothersome chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain reported worse physical health, more anxiety and depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and activity limitations than those with mild chronic pain. Participants with high-impact chronic pain reported more activity limitations than those with bothersome chronic pain. The findings support the concurrent validity of the P-GCPS-R for use with pediatric samples.
Descending mechanism by which medial prefrontal cortex endocannabinoid signaling controls the development of neuropathic pain and neuronal activity of dorsal root ganglion
Authors: Tran Hai , Feng Yin , Chao Dongman , Liu Qing-song , Hogan Quinn H. , Pan Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although regulation of nociceptive processes in the dorsal horn by deep brain structures has long been established, the role of cortical networks in pain regulation is minimally explored. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain area in pain processing that receives ascending nociceptive input and exerts top-down control of pain sensation. We have shown critical changes in mPFC synaptic function during neuropathic pain, controlled by endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling. This study tests whether mPFC eCB signaling modulates neuropathic pain through descending control. Intra-mPFC injection of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) agonist WIN-55,212-2 (WIN) in the chronic phase transiently alleviates the pain-like behaviors in spared nerve injury (SNI) rats. By contrast, intra-mPFC injection of CB1R antagonist AM4113 in the early phase of neuropathic pain reduces the development of pain-like behaviors in the chronic phase. Spared nerve injury reduced the mechanical threshold to induce action potential firing of dorsal horn wide-dynamic-range neurons, but this was reversed in rats by WIN in the chronic phase of SNI and by mPFC injection of AM4113 in the early phase of SNI. Elevated dorsal root ganglion neuronal activity after injury was also diminished in rats by mPFC injection of AM4113, potentially by reducing antidromic activity and subsequent neuronal inflammation. These findings suggest that depending on the phase of the pain condition, both blocking and activating CB1 receptors in the mPFC can regulate descending control of pain and affect both dorsal horn neurons and peripheral sensory neurons, contributing to changes in pain sensitivity.
Sister Mary Joseph's Nodules
Authors: Yadlapati Sujitha , Yousefian Faraz , Shama-Brown Leah , Gonzalez-Molina Valeria 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Sister Mary Joseph's nodules are commonly associated with internal malignancies. It usually manifests as a nodule with an irregular border around umbilicus, however, it may present as blue–black, friable, ulcerated lump with drainage as large as 10 cm. Sister Mary Joseph's nodules has a poor prognosis with average survival time of 11 months. We report an 85-year-old female presenting with painless, erythematous nodules on the umbilicus that developed over one month. Histopathology findings of skin biopsy was consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma. Computerized tomography imaging of abdomen and pelvic showed a large pelvic mass obstructing the sigmoid colon. The patient was subsequently managed by a multidisciplinary surgical and medical oncology team.
Treating cognitive impairments in primary central nervous system infections: A systematic review of pharmacological interventions
Authors: Rizvi Syeda T. , Shah Jhankhana S. , Shaaya Sarah , Mollayeva Tatyana 
Published: July 2023

Background:
This research synthesized scientific evidence on the use of pharmacotherapy as intervention to reduce cognitive impairments in adult patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) infections.

Methods:
We searched for experimental studies published in English prior to October 2021 in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. We included non-randomized studies (NRS) and randomized control trials (RCT) of pharmacotherapy versus placebo, drug, or a combination of drugs in adults with primary CNS infection. The certainty of the evidence was rated according to GRADE guidelines.

Results:
We included 8 RCTs and 1 NRS, involving a total of 805 patients (50.77% male patients; mean age 42.67 ± 10.58) with Lyme disease (LD), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), or Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) studying the efficacy of antibiotics, antiviral, and non-opioid analgesic drugs, respectively. In patients with LD, antibiotics alone or in combination with other drugs enhanced certain cognitive domains relative to placebo. In patients with HSV-1, the results were inconsistent. In patients with CJD, flupirtine maleate enhanced baseline cognitive scores. The quality of RCT studies was low, and the quality of NRS of intervention was very low, suggesting low and very low certainty in the reported results.

Conclusion:
There is limited evidence and low certainty regarding the efficacy of antimicrobials and analgesics in reducing cognitive impairments in patients with LD, HSV-1, and CJD. Future efforts must be aimed at enhancing attention to clinical trial methodology and reporting, as well as reaching a consensus on outcome measures and the endpoint of clinical trials relevant to patients.
Efficacy and safety of Fufang Xueshuantong Capsules in combination with conventional drugs in the treatment of glaucoma: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zeng Zhicheng , Jiang Pengfei , Liu Pei , Peng Jun , Peng Qinghua 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fufang Xueshuantong Capsules (FFXST) in combination with conventional drugs in the treatment of glaucoma using meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Methods:
Clinical trials of FFXST for glaucoma were identified in 8 databases until November 2022, and studies were included for meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Results:
In terms of efficacy endpoints, meta-analysis showed that the combination group of FFXST significantly improved clinical effective rate (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.39, P < .00001), visual function (MD 0.04, 95% CI 0.04–0.05, P < .00001), light sensitivity (MD 6.07, 95% CI 4.63–7.51, P < .00001), end-systolic blood flow velocity (MD 2.68, 95% CI 2.19–3.16, P < .00001) and end-diastolic blood flow velocity (MD 2.07, 95% CI 1.86–2.28, P < .00001), and significantly reduced total gray-scale value (MD −64.38, 95% CI −69.08 to −59.68, P < .00001) and defect of visual field (MD −3.40, 95% CI −4.11 to −2.69, P < .00001) compared with the conventional regimen group, while the pulsatility index and resistance index were comparable. The TSA indicated that these benefits were conclusive. In terms of safety endpoints, meta-analysis demonstrated that total drug-related adverse events in the combination group of FFXST were comparable to those in the conventional regimen group, with TSA showing that more studies are needed to validate the current results.

Conclusion:
FFXST may be a safety and effective supplementary strategy for the treatment of glaucoma, which is worthy of further research.
Trends and hotspots in familial hypercholesterolemia: A bibliometric systematic review from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Chen Liang , Peng Hao , Wang Bo-Lin , Yu Wen-Yuan , Ding Xiao-Hang , Gao Ming-Xin , Yu Yang 
Published: July 2023

Background:
We visually assessed the research hotspots of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) using bibliometrics and knowledge mapping in light of the research state and development trend of FH.

Methods:
We employed bibliometric tools, such as CiteSpace and the alluvial generator, to illustrate the scientific accomplishments on FH by extracting pertinent literature on FH from the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2022.

Results:
A total of 4402 papers in total were selected for study; 29.2% of all articles globally were from the USA, followed by the Netherlands and England. The University of Amsterdam, University of Oslo, and University of Western Australia are the 3 institutions with the most publications in this area. Gerald F. Watts, Raul D. Santos, and John J. P. Kastelein wrote the majority of the pieces that were published. The New England Journal of Medicine, Circulation, and Atherosclerosis were the journals with the greatest number of papers in this field. Prevalence and genetic analysis of FH, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibitors, and inclisiran are current research hotspots for the condition. Future research in this area will be focused on gene therapy.

Conclusions:
FH research has shown shows a trend of ascending followed by leveling off. The prevalence and diagnosis of FH, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibitors, inclisiran, and gene therapy are current research hotspots. This report may serve as a reference for current research trends.
An isolated rupture of the anterolateral ligament of the knee: A case report
Authors: El Alam Anthony Elias , Otayek Joeffroy Naji , Ghanimeh Joe Georges , El Karaaoui Jalal Mohamad , Semaan Sahar Fawzi , Pierre Khoury Alfred 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is a controversial ligament in the knee that may play a significant role in knee stability. It is difficult to identify on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging and is often injured in conjunction with other ligaments, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament.

Case presentation:
This is a unique case of an isolated ALL tear in a 48-year-old woman who presented with severe left knee pain, swelling, and inability to bear weight during a yoga session. Physical examination showed swelling and tenderness at the lateral aspect of the femoral condyle, with increased pain on varus stress testing. Radiographs revealed normal osseous structures with the absence of traumatic bone lesions. MRI revealed an intact meniscus, cruciate, and collateral ligaments, but a rupture of the ALL at its femoral origin. Diagnosis of isolated ALL rupture of the left knee was made, and the patient was treated conservatively with icing, rest, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Physiotherapy was started 2 weeks post-injury, and return to sports was allowed at the sixth week. Upon last follow-up, the patient had excellent functional outcomes and was satisfied with the treatment. Physical examination showed a stable knee with negative Lachman and pivot shift tests. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of isolated ALL rupture to be reported.

Discussion:
The paper highlights the rarity of isolated ALL injuries and the difficulty in diagnosing them. Conservative treatment can be successful for isolated ALL injuries, with physiotherapy playing an essential role in rehabilitation.
In conclusion, isolated ALL injuries are rare and can be challenging to diagnose. Conservative treatment with physiotherapy can lead to successful outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the role of the ALL in knee stability and to determine optimal treatment options.
The safety of vedolizumab in a patient with Crohn’s disease who developed anti-TNF-alpha agent associated latent tuberculosis infection reactivation: A case report
Authors: Sugiyama Yuya , Ueno Nobuhiro , Tachibana Shion , Kobayashi Yu , Murakami Yuki , Sasaki Takahiro , Sakatani Aki , Takahashi Keitaro , Ando Katsuyoshi , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Okumura Toshikatsu , Fujiya Mikihiro 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:
Latent tuberculosis (TB) infection screening before inducing anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) alpha agents is important to prevent TB reactivation. However, latent TB infection reactivation may still occur, and the ideal therapeutic strategy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who develop active TB infection has not been established. Vedolizumab (VDZ) has a good safety profile, with low incidence rates of serious infections. However, its safety in patients with latent TB infection reactivation associated with anti-TNF-alpha agents remains unknown.

Patient concerns:
A 21-year-old Vietnamese male patient presented to our hospital with hemorrhagic stool. He had no personal or family history of IBD or TB.

Diagnoses:
Colonoscopy revealed multiple longitudinal ulcers and a cobblestone appearance in the terminal ileum, as well as multiple small erosions and aphtha throughout the colon. Computed tomography revealed a right lung nodular lesion. Serological interferon-gamma release assay and several culture tests were all negative. Thus, he was diagnosed with ileocolonic Crohn’s disease (CD) without TB.

Interventions:
The intravenous anti-TNF-alpha agent administration with an immunomodulator was initiated.

Outcomes:
Computed tomography revealed nodular lesion expansion at the right lung, and serological interferon-gamma release assay was positive. He was diagnosed with latent TB infection reactivation. Anti-TNF-alpha agent with an immunomodulator was immediately discontinued, and anti-TB therapy was initiated. His endoscopic findings were still active, and VDZ was selected for maintenance therapy because VDZ has a favorable safety profile with low incidence rates of serious infections. Consequently, mucosal healing was achieved without active TB relapse.

Lessons:
This case report presented a patient in whom VDZ was continued as maintenance therapy without inducing TB relapse in a patient with CD who developed latent TB infection reactivation associated with anti-TNF-alpha agents and summarized the safety profile of VDZ for patients with IBD with active or latent TB infection. VDZ may be a safe option for induction and maintenance therapy in patients with CD, even in cases with latent TB infection reactivation.
Efficacy analysis of axillary approach in the treatment of Ideberg type I and II scapular glenoid fractures: Case series
Authors: Ding Hao , Bao Yong-Gang , Yin Bo , Chang Qing-Hua , Zai Qing-Shu , Shi Qiang , Hu Hua-Jian , Wang Hai-Bin , Zhao Yi-Feng , Song Fu-Qiang , Wu Bin 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:
To investigate the clinical efficacy of the axillary approach in the surgical treatment of Ideberg type I and II scapular glenoid fractures.

Patient concerns and diagnosis:
Retrospective analysis of 13 cases of scapular glenoid fracture treated in the affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jiaxiang County People hospital, Zoucheng City people Hospital, Yanzhou District People Hospital, and Juancheng County people Hospital from December 2020 to January 2022. Eight males (including 1 bilateral) and 5 females, with an average age of 57.5 years (range from 33 to 75 years). According to Ideberg classification, there were 10 cases of type I a, 1 case of type I a combined with type I b, and 2 cases of type II. All patients were treated with axillary approach surgery and 7 patients with combined anterior shoulder dislocation were treated by first-stage manipulation and second-stage reoperation. Seven patients were fixed with a wire anchor, 3 patients with type I a were fixed with a “T” plate, and 5 patients were complicated with rotator cuff tear and were repaired with a wire anchor. At the last follow-up, the Constant-Murley shoulder function score, visual analog score, DASH score, and Hawkins grade were used to evaluate shoulder function, pain, and stability after treatment.

Intervention:
The intervention was to treat patients with Ideberg type I and II scaphoid fractures using an axillary approach.

Outcomes:
All 13 patients in this group were followed up thoroughly, and the follow-up time was 12 to 25 months, with an average of 18.6 months. The operation time was 65 to 135 minutes, with an average of 85.6 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 20 to 120 mL, averaging 55.6 mL. The duration of hospitalization ranged from 7 to 22 days, with an average of 9.6 days. The surgical incisions of all patients were grade-A healing. Bone healing of glenoid fractures was observed 3 months after the operation.

Lessons:
The axillary approach for Ideberg type I and II scapular glenoid fractures is a feasible surgical approach with complete access through the muscle gap, minimal surgical trauma, mild postoperative pain, and satisfactory clinical results.
Acute Hemodynamics in the Fontan Circulation: Open-Label Study of Vasopressin*
Authors: Adamson Gregory T. , Yu Jane , Ramamoorthy Chandra , Peng Lynn F. , Taylor Anne , Lennig Michael , Schmidt Alexander R. , Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Navaratnam Manchula 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the acute hemodynamic effect of vasopressin on the Fontan circulation, including systemic and pulmonary pressures and resistances, left atrial pressure, and cardiac index.

DESIGN:
Prospective, open-label, nonrandomized study (NCT04463394).

SETTING:
Cardiac catheterization laboratory at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford.

PATIENTS:
Patients 3–50 years old with a Fontan circulation who were referred to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for hemodynamic assessment and/or intervention.

INTERVENTIONS:
A 0.03 U/kg IV (maximum dose 1 unit) bolus of vasopressin was administered over 5 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.3 mU/kg/min (maximum dose 0.03 U/min).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Comprehensive cardiac catheterization measurements before and after vasopressin administration. Measurements included pulmonary artery, atrial, and systemic arterial pressures, oxygen saturations, and systemic and pulmonary flows and resistances. There were 28 patients studied. Median age was 13.5 (9.1, 17) years, and 16 (57%) patients had a single or dominant right ventricle. Following vasopressin administration, systolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increased by 17.5 (13.0, 22.8) mm Hg (Z value −4.6, p < 0.001) and 3.8 (1.8, 7.5) Wood Units (Z value −4.6, p < 0.001), respectively. The pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased by 0.4 ± 0.4 WU (t statistic 6.2, p < 0.001), and the left atrial pressure increased by 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) mm Hg (Z value −3.5, p < 0.001). The PVR:SVR decreased by 0.04 ± 0.03 (t statistic 8.1, p < 0.001). Neither the pulmonary artery pressure (median difference 0.0 [−1.0, 1.0], Z value −0.4, p = 0.69) nor cardiac index (0.1 ± 0.3, t statistic −1.4, p = 0.18) changed significantly. There were no adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS:
In Fontan patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, vasopressin administration resulted in a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, SVR, and left atrial pressure, decrease in PVR, and no change in cardiac index or pulmonary artery pressure. These findings suggest that in Fontan patients vasopressin may be an option for treating systemic hypotension during sedation or general anesthesia.
Moral Distress and Its Relating Factors Among Pediatric Emergency Department Nurses
Authors: Topan Aysel , Taşdelen Yeliz , Yiğit Derya , Terzi Sevinç , Üstüner Top Fadime 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
Emergency services are patient circulation units that require chaos, trauma, and high tension. It was aimed to determine the moral distress levels of pediatric nurses in pediatric emergency and emergency departments and relevant factors.

Methods
This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. It consists of 255 nurses with their data. The Participant Information Form and the Moral Distress Scale–Revised for Pediatric Nurses (MDS-R) were used to collect data.

Results
In the study, the mean score of MDS-R frequency was found to be 27.36 ± 13.16, the mean score of MDS-R intensity to be 37.65 ± 17.53, and the mean total score of MDS-R to be 58.96 ± 39.40. It was determined that 93.7% of the nurses received training on moral distress, and education level was effective on moral distress levels of the nurses. The nurses working in the pediatric emergency service had higher moral distress levels than the nurses serving pediatric patients in the emergency department (P
(total MDS-R) = 0.02, P
(frequency of MDS-R) = 0.008). Job satisfaction (P
(total MDS-R) = 0.003, P
(frequency of MDS-R) < 0.001, P
(intensity of MDS-R) < 0.001) and frequency of thinking about changing working unit (P
(frequency of MDS-R) = 0.02, P
(intensity of MDS-R) = 0.01) were found to be effective on the level of moral distress. It was determined that the type of emergency service, the working time in the emergency service, and the level of job satisfaction significantly affected the total moral distress scores of the nurses (P < 0.001, R
2 = 0.09).

Conclusions
It was found in the study that nurses had low levels of moral distress; however, many factors relevant to working conditions were associated with moral distress. The pediatric emergency service nurses were determined to experience a higher moral distress compared with the emergency department nurses serving pediatric patients.
Blast Lung Injury in Children
Authors: Korkmaz İnan , Çelikkaya Mehmet Emin 
Published: July 2023

Background
Bombings are the most common cause of civilian deaths in wars, and unfortunately, a large proportion of civilian victims are children.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of blast lung injury (BLI), to evaluate lung injury patterns on tomographic images, and to document the relationship between blast lung and mortality in children exposed to the blast effect.

Methods
Thirty-six children (25.3% of pediatric patients brought to our hospital with blast injury) with BLI were included in the study. The pediatric trauma score evaluations made in the emergency department in the first admission were recorded. Lung injury findings in the computed tomography images of the patients were examined, and injuries detected in other systems were recorded.

Results
The most common lung injury pattern was contusion (right: 69.4%, left: 80.6%). The incidence of brain damage (52.4%) and intra-abdominal injury (76.2%) in children with low pediatric trauma score value was statistically significantly higher (P = 0.049, P = 0.017, respectively). There was no statistically significant correlation between the presence of lung injury, injury patterns, and mortality. The incidence of brain damage in deceased patients (61.5%) was statistically significantly higher than the incidence of brain damage in surviving patients (26.1%) (P = 0.036). Low pediatric trauma score was observed in 11 (84.6%) of the deceased children and in 10 (43.5%) of the survivors (P = 0.016). The mean age of children with hemothorax in the right lung was statistically significantly lower than those without (P = 0.014).

Conclusion
Our findings revealed that pediatric BLI is common after a blast, that it is associated with other system injuries, and that a multimodal radiological approach is required in child victims.