bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy Study of the Pediatric‐Specific Ultrasound Scoring System for the Knee Joint in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Rogers Kelly , Sproles Alyssa , Thornton Sherry , Huggins Jennifer , Lovell Daniel J. , Cassedy Amy , Meyers Arthur B. , Ting Tracy V. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveWe undertook this study to validate the Pediatric Arthritis Ultrasound Scoring System for the knee joint (PAUSS‐knee) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsChildren with JIA were enrolled to prospectively receive a musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) examination of the knee and a physical examination to determine presence/absence of clinical arthritis. MSUS images were scored using the PAUSS‐knee, a semiquantitative MSUS scoring system (0–3, normal to severe) for B‐mode and power Doppler mode. In addition to MSUS, a subset of participants also received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee, which was scored according to the combined Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system. Spearman's correlations (rs) were used to calculate associations between variables. Test characteristics of the PAUSS‐knee were calculated with MRI as the reference standard. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed in synovial fluid from involved knees.ResultsEighty children with JIA contributed 112 MSUSs and 25 MRIs of the knee. Of the knees, 41% (n = 46) had clinical evidence of arthritis. The B‐mode PAUSS‐knee score moderately correlated with clinically determined arthritis (rs = 0.54, P < 0.001) and strongly correlated with the JAMRIS score (rs = 0.75, P < 0.001). Compared with MRI, the area under the curve for the B‐mode PAUSS‐knee was 0.92. For a cutoff of >1, the B‐mode PAUSS‐knee had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 82%. Biomarker analysis indicates that interleukin‐2R levels correlate with PAUSS score.ConclusionOur data indicate that the PAUSS‐knee has excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of arthritis when compared with MRI. The PAUSS‐knee has the potential to effectively inform JIA medical decision‐making in real time.
A Photo‐Activated Continuous Reactive Oxygen Species Nanoamplifier for Dual‐Dynamic Cascade Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Xinlu , Guo Haizhen , Jia Shitian , Li Yong , Xing Suixin , Chang Jin , Wang Sheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe special redox homeostasis of tumor cells makes reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐based approaches a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. Among these approaches, photodynamic therapy is the most widely studied ROS‐based treatment due to its ability to achieve targeted therapy by local light irradiation. However, achieving efficient and continuous ROS generation without prolonged laser exposure is still challenging. In this work, a photo‐activated continuous ROS nanoamplifier is proposed for photodynamic–chemodynamic cascade therapy. Upon local laser irradiation, the nanoamplifier can continuously amplify cellular oxidative stress through a positive feedback loop of “light‐triggered ROS generation, ROS‐responsive prodrug activation, and Fenton reaction‐mediated ROS cyclic regenerative amplification”, avoiding tissue damage caused by excessive laser exposure. This strategy provides a potential pathway to overcome the limitations of ROS‐based therapeutic approaches.
Cooperative Copper Single‐Atom Catalyst in 2D Carbon Nitride for Enhanced CO2 Electrolysis to Methane
Authors: Roy Soumyabrata , Li Zhengyuan , Chen Zhiwen , Mata Astrid Campos , Kumar Pawan , Sarma Saurav Ch. , Teixeira Ivo F , Silva Ingrid F , Gao Guanhui , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Kibria Md Golam , Singh Chandra Veer , Wu Jingjie , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRenewable‐electricity‐powered carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction (eCO2R) to high‐value fuels like methane (CH4) holds the potential to close the carbon cycle at meaningful scales. However, this kinetically staggered 8‐electron multistep reduction suffers from inadequate catalytic efficiency and current density. Atomic Cu‐structures can boost eCO2R‐to‐CH4 selectivity due to enhanced intermediate binding energies (BEs) resulting from favorably shifted d‐band centers. In this work, 2D carbon nitride (CN) matrices, viz. Na‐polyheptazine (PHI) and Li‐polytriazine imides (PTI), are exploited to host Cu–N2 type single‐atom sites with high density (≈1.5 at%), via a facile metal‐ion exchange process. Optimized Cu loading in nanocrystalline Cu‐PTI maximizes eCO2R‐to‐CH4 performance with Faradaic efficiency (FECH4) of ≈68% and a high partial current density of 348 mA cm−2 at −0.84 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. Multi‐Cu substituted N‐appended nanopores in the CN frameworks yield thermodynamically stable quasi‐dual/triple sites with large interatomic distances dictated by the pore dimensions. First‐principles calculations elucidate the relative Cu–CN cooperative effects between the matrices and how the Cu local environment dictates the adsorbate BEs, density of states, and CO2‐to‐CH4 energy profile landscape. The 9N pores in Cu‐PTI yield cooperative Cu–Cu sites that synergistically enhance the kinetics of the rate‐limiting steps in the eCO2R‐to‐CH4 pathway.
Crystallization Control for Ambient Printed FA‐Based Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yin Lei , Huang Wenliang , Fang Junjie , Ding Zicheng , Jin Chengkai , Du Yachao , Lang Lei , Yang Tinghuan , Wang Shumei , Cai Weilun , Liu Chou , Zhao Guangtao , Yang Yingguo , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Bu Tongle , Zhao Kui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUpscalable printing of high‐performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is highly desired for commercialization. However, the efficiencies of printed PSCs lag behind those of their lab‐scale spin‐coated counterparts owing to the lack of systematic understanding and control over perovskite crystallization dynamics. Here, the controlled crystallization dynamics achieved using an additive 1‐butylpyridine tetrafluoroborate (BPyBF4) for high‐quality ambient printed α‐formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite films are reported. Using in situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and optical diagnostics, the spontaneous formation of α‐FAPbI3 from precursors during printing without the involvement of δ‐FAPbI3 is demonstrated. The addition of BPyBF4 delays the crystallization onset of α‐FAPbI3, enhances the conversion from sol‐gel to perovskite, and reduces stacking defects during printing. Therefore, the altered crystallization results in fewer voids, larger grains, and less trap‐induced recombination loss within printed films. The printed PSCs yield high power conversion efficiencies of 23.50% and 21.60% for a 0.09 cm–2area device and a 5 cm × 5 cm‐area module, respectively. Improved device stability is further demonstrated, i.e., approximately 94% of the initial efficiency is retained for over 2400 h under ambient conditions without encapsulation. This study provides an effective crystallization control method for the ambient printing manufacture of large‐area high‐performance PSCs.
Self‐Induced Dual‐Layered Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Toughness and High Ionic Conductivity for Ultra‐Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Hu Xin , Ma Yitian , Qian Ji , Qu Wenjie , Li Yu , Luo Rui , Wang Huirong , Zhou Anbin , Chen Yi , Shi Keqing , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is considered as one of the most promising candidates of anode material for high‐specific‐energy batteries, while irreversible chemical reactions always occur on the Li surface to continuously consume active Li, electrolyte. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has been regarded as the key component in protecting Li metal anode. Herein, a controllable dual‐layered SEI for Li metal anode in a scalable, low‐loss manner is constructed. The SEI is self‐induced by the predeposited LiAlO2 (LAO) layer during the initial cycles, in which the outer organic layer is produced due to the electrons tunneling through LAO, resulting in the reduction of electrolyte. The robust inner LAO layer can promote uniform Li deposition owing to its favorable mechanical strength and ionic conductivity, and the outer organic layer can further improve the stability of SEI. Benefiting from the remarkable effects of this dual‐layered SEI, enhanced electrochemical performance of the LAO–Li anode is achieved. Additionally, a large‐size LAO–Li sample can be easily obtained, and the preparation of the modified Li metal anode shows huge potential for large‐scale production. This work highlights the tremendous potential of this self‐induced dual‐layered SEI for the commercialization of Li metal anode.
Ultrahigh‐Speed Aqueous Copper Electrodes Stabilized by Phosphorylated Interphase
Authors: Sun Yuanhe , Yao Zeying , Lei Qi , Zhao Yuanxin , Ren Zhiguo , Zhang Wei , Si Jingying , Zhang Lei , Wen Wen , Zhu Daming , Li Xiaolong , Tai Renzhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh‐energy metal anodes for large‐scale reversible batteries with inexpensive and nonflammable aqueous electrolytes promise the capability of supporting higher current density, satisfactory lifetime, nontoxicity, and low‐cost commercial manufacturing, yet remain out of reach due to the lack of reliable electrode–electrolyte interphase engineering. Herein, in situ formed robust interphase on copper metal electrodes (CMEs) induced by a trace amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.05 m in 1 m CuSO4–H2O electrolyte) to fulfill all aforementioned requirements is demonstrated. Impressively, an unprecedented ultrahigh‐speed copper plating/stripping capability is achieved at 100 mA cm−2 for over 12 000 cycles, corresponding to an accumulative areal capacity up to tens of times higher than previously reported CMEs. The use of solid‐electrolyte interface‐protection strategy brings at least an order of magnitude improvement in cycling stability for symmetric cells (Cu||Cu, 2800 h) and full batteries with CMEs using either sulfur cathodes (S||Cu, 1000 cycles without capacity decay) or zinc anodes (Cu||Zn with all‐metal electrodes, discharge voltage ≈1.02 V). The comprehensive analysis reveals that the hydrophilic phosphate‐rich interphase nanostructures homogenize copper‐ion deposition and suppress nucleation overpotential, enabling dendrite‐free CMEs with sustainability and ability to tolerate unusual‐high power densities. The findings represent an elegant forerunner toward the promising goal of metal electrode applications.
2D Amorphous Iron Selenide Sulfide Nanosheets for Stable and Rapid Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zheng Tian , Hu Pengfei , Wang Zhongchang , Guo Tianqi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSodium ion batteries (SIBs) suffer from large electrode volume change and sluggish redox kinetics for the relatively large ionic radius of sodium ions, raising a significant challenge to improve their long‐term cyclability and rate capacity. Here, it is proposed to apply 2D amorphous iron selenide sulfide nanosheets (a‐FeSeS NSs) as an anode material for SIBs and demonstrate that they exhibit remarkable rate capability of 528.7 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and long‐life cycle (10 000 cycles) performance (300.4 mAh g−1). This performance is much more superior to that of the previously reported Fe‐based anode materials, which is attributed to their amorphous structure that alleviates volume expansion of electrode, 2D nature that facilitates electrons/ions transfer, and the S/Se double anions that offer more reaction sites and stabilize the amorphous structure. Such a 2D amorphous strategy provides a fertile platform for structural engineering of other electrode materials, making a more secure energy prospect closer to a reality.
Regulating Exciton Diffusion in Antimony‐Based Perovskite‐Like Single Crystals toward Highly Efficient and Stable Luminescence
Authors: Zhuang Bihao , Jin Zicong , Deng Jiahuan , Xiong Hui , Li Wenzhe , Fan Jiandong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite has played an important role in optoelectronics and photonics due to their extremely high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, considering the strong nonmetallic property of antimony (Sb), the excitons in antimony‐based single crystals are usually dissipated in the form of non‐radiative recombination under organic‐inductive effect, which leads to the low PLQY. Herein, two kinds of perovskite‐like single crystals, i.e., (8‐HQ)2SbCl3 and (8‐HQH)SbCl4, are innovatively grown. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unique luminescence characteristics are associated with the inductive effect of organic coordination and exciton effect in the metal octahedral skeleton. When Cl− replaces the organic ligand in (8‐HQ)2SbCl3, the inductive effect is reduced while the self‐trapped exciton effect in the metal octahedron is enhanced. Besides, the theoretical research on electron transmission in a modeling device reveals that the hydrogen bond of organic A‐site in the single crystal promotes the transition of electrons. Based on the luminescent properties of (8‐HQH)SbCl4, the white LED devices are obtained by coating (8‐HQH)SbCl4 and red phosphor on 450 nm LED chips.
Design of Furan‐Based Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Che Yuxuan , Niazi Muhammad Rizwan , Chan Quentin , Ghamari Pegah , Yu Ting , Ruchlin Cory , Yu Han , Yan He , Ma Dongling , Xiao Steven S. , Izquierdo Ricardo , Perepichka Dmytro F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe explore a series of furan‐based non‐fullerene acceptors and report their optoelectronic properties, solid‐state packing, photodegradation mechanism and application in photovoltaic devices. Incorporating furan building blocks leads to the expected enhanced backbone planarity, reduced band gap and red‐shifted absorption of these acceptors. Still, their position in the molecule is critical for stability and device performance. We found that the photodegradation of these acceptors originates from two distinct pathways: electrocyclic photoisomerization and Diels–Alder cycloaddition of singlet oxygen. These mechanisms are of general significance to most non‐fullerene acceptors, and the photostability depends strongly on the molecular structure. Placement of furans next to the acceptor termini leads to better photostability, well‐balanced hole/electron transport, and significantly improved device performance. Methylfuran as the linker offers the best photostability and power conversion efficiency (>14 %), outperforming all furan‐based acceptors reported to date and all indacenodithiophene‐based acceptors. Our findings show the possibility of photostable furan‐based alternatives to the currently omnipresent thiophene‐based photovoltaic materials.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluorinative Bifunctionalization of Aziridines and Azetidines with gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes
Authors: Li Dongdong , Shen Chaoren , Si Zhiyao , Liu Lu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn unprecedented Pd‐catalyzed fluorinative bifunctionalization of aziridines and azetidines was successfully developed via regioselective C−C and C−F bond cleavage of gem‐difluorocyclopropanes, leading to various β,β′‐bisfluorinated amines and β,γ‐bisfluorinated amines. This reaction was achieved by incorporating a 2‐fluorinated allyl group and a fluorine atom scissored from gem‐difluorocyclopropane in 100 % atom economy for the first time. The mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction underwent amine attacking 2‐fluorinated allyl palladium complex to generate η2‐coordinated N‐allyl aziridine followed by fluoride ligand transfer affording the final β‐ and γ‐fluorinated amines.
High dye separation performance of novel Cu‐BTC/PES MMMs with water‐stabilized Cu‐BTC nanoparticles
Authors: Gai Wenqiang , Xu Shanshan , Pan Jian , Pan Xinyu , Liu Yuanbiao , Li Qiaoling , Huang Lilan , Ma Yingnan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as porous materials, have been extensively applied in a variety of realms, but little of these has been reported used in sewage disposal field owing to its precariousness toward water. Herein, a novel mixed matrix membrane of polyethersulfone (PES) was synthesized using Cu‐BTC‐IPA, a hydrolytic resistance MOF modified with isopropanol (IPA), which exhibits high permeability and water stability. A significant increase in hydrophilicity of the membrane was found in the modified membranes compared with the pure membrane. The porosity measurement confirmed the increased efficiency of mass transfer in the modified membranes. An enhancement in membrane performance was observed by introducing the Cu‐BTC‐IPA filler into the PES matrix, with a remarkable increase (207%) in pure water flux observed compared to that of the pristine PES membrane (264.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), reaching 546.4 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Meanwhile, it exhibited superior rejection of dyestuffs (98.4% for Congo red and 98.9% for Coomassie brilliant blue). In addition, the Cu‐BTC‐IPA/PES mixed matrix membrane demonstrated remarkable anti‐biofouling properties, as evidenced by its high flux recovery rates of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions. The consequences indicate that introducing stable MOF into mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is extremely effective in improving membrane performance for sewage treatment.
Synthesis, polymerization kinetics, and thermal properties of novel bismaleimides containing twisted structure
Authors: Xu Jilei , Chen Ping , Ma Shuaijiang , Zhu Guohao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, two types of ortho‐oxazine functionalized bismaleimides with exceptional thermal properties and solubility were synthesized. The excellent solubility in many solvents is attributed to the stable twisted structure of the monomer. The monomer containing the cyano group showed enhanced solubility. It was found that the curing mode of ortho‐oxazine functionalized bismaleimide was autocatalytically cured. In situ FT‐IR spectroscopic studies indicated that the structure of bismaleimide resin undergoes a structural transformation at higher temperatures to form benzoxazole resin with enhanced thermal stability. The carbon residue rates of bismaleimide and benzoxazole resins at 800°C were 69% and 77%, respectively. The new bismaleimide and benzoxazole resins were analyzed using Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC), and it was found that they also possess excellent flame‐retardant properties, specifically benzoxazole resin.
Terpolymers of acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid for carbon fiber precursor: Effect of comonomers on the thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile copolymers
Authors: Chen Qiufei , He Bin , Chen Yatian , Zhu Hongqiang , Malik Hamza , Wang Yuhang , He Jian , Ma Bomou , Wang Xueli , Zhang Hui , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers are important precursors for the preparation of high‐performance PAN‐based carbon fibers. In this study, different ratios of P(AN‐co‐AMPS) and P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) were prepared by solution polymerization. The compositional structure, thermal, and crystallization properties of P(AN‐co‐AMPS) and P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) were characterized. The results show that an increase in the AMPS feeding ratio is beneficial for improving the thermal stability and crystallization ability of the PAN copolymer; however, it also reduces the molecular weight of the copolymer and increases the cyclization exothermic peak temperature, which is not conducive to the preparation of high‐performance carbon fibers. This problem is avoided in P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS), which maintains its high thermal stability and crystallization properties when appropriate amounts of MA and AMPS are introduced, and P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) has smoother cyclization exothermic rates, lower onset exothermic temperatures and lower peak exothermic temperatures. The structural changes of PAN, P(AN‐co‐MA), and P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) during thermal stabilization were investigated in detail using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and it was found that P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) formed more stable structures at lower temperatures. Furthermore, when the AN:MA:AMPS mass ratio is 97.5:1.5:1, P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) has the best overall performance. Our results suggest that the P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) has potential as a precursor for carbon fibers.
Using represented bodies in Renaissance artworks to teach musculoskeletal and surface anatomy
Authors: Gross M. Melissa , Gear Jennifer E. , Sepponen Wendy M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSurface anatomy is an important skill for students in preparation for patient care, and peer examination is often used to teach musculoskeletal and surface anatomy. An alternative pedagogical approach is to use bodies represented in artworks. Represented bodies display fictive anatomy, providing students with the opportunity to apply their musculoskeletal knowledge and to think critically when evaluating the anatomical fidelity of a represented body. An elective course at the University of Michigan enabled undergraduate students to analyze the musculoskeletal and surface anatomy depicted in Renaissance artworks. Students traveled to Italy in 2018 (n = 14) and 2022 (n = 15) to analyze the fictive anatomy portrayed in artistic sculptures and musculoskeletal structures depicted in wax anatomy models and sculpted skeletons. In assignments, students were asked to identify musculoskeletal structures as portrayed in the context of represented anatomy created by Italian Renaissance artists and to assess the fidelity of the depicted anatomy. The students also applied their knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy to describe body position and evaluate muscle function in their assessments of the accuracy or inaccuracy of the fictive anatomy. The students reported that evaluating the anatomical fidelity of represented bodies in artworks supported their learning of musculoskeletal and surface anatomy, and that their critical thinking skills improved in the course. Evaluation of the anatomical fidelity of represented bodies in artworks is an effective pedagogical approach that can be implemented in art museums as an adjunctive learning experience to deepen students' musculoskeletal and surface anatomy knowledge and further develop their critical thinking skills.
Review volume of the 10th international workshop on astronomy and relativistic astrophysics, from quarks to cosmos—IWARA 2022
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Rodrigo Sacahui Reyes José , Hess Peter O. , Piccinelli Gabriella , Vargas Magaña Mariana , Gonzalez Felipe Ricardo , Boller Thomas , Gullberg Steven , Hadjimichef Dimiter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe outline our motivation for publishing a review volume for the 10th edition of the International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics: from Quarks to Cosmos, IWARA2022, in addition to the publication of the proceedings of the event. Astronomische Nachrichten has been an admirable partner of the events known by the acronyms IWARA, STARS (Caribbean Symposium on Cosmology, Gravitation, Nuclear and Astroparticle Physics) and SMFNS (International Symposium on Strong Electromagnetic Fields and Neutron Stars). This partnership, which had already been established for several years for the publication of the proceedings of these events, was extended to the publication of this volume, with the participation of keynote speakers, thus expanding the thematic scope addressed in these meetings.