bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Osteoimmune Microenvironment and Osteogenesis by 3D‐Printed PLAG/black Phosphorus Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Long Jing , Yao Zhenyu , Zhang Wei , Liu Ben , Chen Kaiming , Li Long , Teng Bin , Du Xiang‐Fu , Li Cairong , Yu Xue‐Feng , Qin Ling , Lai Yuxiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe treatment of bone defects remains a significant challenge to be solved clinically. Immunomodulatory properties of orthopedic biomaterials have significance in regulating osteoimmune microenvironment for osteogenesis. A lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold incorporates black phosphorus (BP) fabricated by 3D printing technology to investigate the effect of BP on osteoimmunomodulation and osteogenesis in site. The PLGA/BP scaffold exhibits suitable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties as an excellent microenvironment to support new bone formation. The studies' result also demonstrate that the PLGA/BP scaffolds are able to recruit and stimulate macrophages M2 polarization, inhibit inflammation, and promote human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) proliferation and differentiation, which in turn promotes bone regeneration in the distal femoral defect region of steroid‐associated osteonecrosis (SAON) rat model. Moreover, it is screened and demonstrated that PLGA/BP scaffolds can promote osteogenic differentiation by transcriptomic analysis, and PLGA/BP scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation and mineralization by activating PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway in hBMSC cells. In this study, it is shown that the innovative PLGA/BP scaffolds are extremely effective in stimulating bone regeneration by regulating macrophage M2 polarization and a new strategy for the development of biomaterials that can be used to repair bone defects is offered.
Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorates Post‐Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Regulating Extracellular Vesicles of Gut Microbes
Authors: Zheng Cihua , Zhong Yuchun , Zhang Wenming , Wang Zhuoya , Xiao Haili , Zhang Wenjun , Xie Jian , Peng Xiaogang , Luo Jun , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPost‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) occurs after acute infectious diarrhea, and dysbiosis can be involved in its pathogenesis. Here, the role of chlorogenic acid (CGA) is investigated, a natural compound with several pharmacological properties, in alleviating PI‐IBS in rats. It is elucidated that the gut microbiota plays a key role in PI‐IBS pathogenesis and that rectal administration of CGA alleviated PI‐IBS by modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites. CGA supplementation significantly increased fecalBacteroides acidifaciensabundance and glycine levels. Glycine structurally alteredB. acidifaciens extracellular vesicles (EVs) and enriched functional proteins in the EVs; glycine‐induced EVs alleviated PI‐IBS by reducing inflammation and hypersensitivity of the intestinal viscera and maintaining mucosal barrier function. Moreover,B. acidifaciens EVs are enriched in the brain tissue. Thus, CGA mediates the mitigation of PI‐IBS through the gut microbiota and its metabolites. This study proposes a novel mechanism of signal exchange between the gut microenvironment and the host.
Triphenylamine (TPA)‐Functionalized Structural Isomeric Polythiophenes as Dopant Free Hole‐Transporting Materials for Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Balasaravanan Rajendiran , Kuan Chun‐Hsiao , Hsu Shih‐Min , Chang En‐Chi , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Tsai Yi‐Tai , Jhou Meng‐Li , Yau Shueh‐Lin , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Chen Ming‐Chou , Diau Eric Wei‐Guang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA new series of triphenylamine (TPA)‐functionalized isomeric polythiophenes are developed as hole transporting materials (HTM) for inverted tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). Bithiophene (BT) is first functionalized with two TPA (electron donor; D) at 3 and 5 positions to give two structural isomeric compounds (3BT2D and 5BT2D). The functionalized BT2Ds are then coupled with 3,3′‐bis(tetradecylthio)‐2,2′‐bithiophene (SBT‐14)/3,3′‐ditetradecyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene (BT‐14) to produce structural isomeric polythiophenes (1‐4), which are compared to conventional poly[N,N″‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N″‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine] (poly‐TPD) as HTMs for TPSCs. With the appropriate alignment of energy levels with regard to the perovskite layer, the TPA‐functionalized polymers‐based TPSCs exhibit enhanced operational stability and efficiency. Moreover, the long thiotetradecyl chain in SBT‐14 with intramolecular S(alkyl)∙∙∙S(thio) interactions restricts the molecular rotation and has a strong impact on the molecular solubility and wettability of the film during device fabrication. Among all the polymers studied, TPSCs fabricated with 3‐SBT‐BT2D polymer exhibit the highest hole mobility as well as the slowest charge recombination and achieve the highest power conversion efficiency of 8.6%, with great long‐term stability for the performance retaining ≈90% of its initial values for shelf storage over 4000 h, which is the best efficiency for non‐PEDOT:PSS‐based TPSCs ever reported.
Successful cognitive aging is associated with thicker anterior cingulate cortex and lower tau deposition compared to typical aging
Authors: Pezzoli Stefania , Giorgio Joseph , Martersteck Adam , Dobyns Lindsey , Harrison Theresa M. , Jagust William J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThere is no consensus on either the definition of successful cognitive aging (SA) or the underlying neural mechanisms.METHODSWe examined the agreement between new and existing definitions using: (1) a novel measure, the cognitive age gap (SA‐CAG, cognitive‐predicted age minus chronological age), (2) composite scores for episodic memory (SA‐EM), (3) non‐memory cognition (SA‐NM), and (4) the California Verbal Learning Test (SA‐CVLT).RESULTSFair to moderate strength of agreement was found between the four definitions. Most SA groups showed greater cortical thickness compared to typical aging (TA), especially in the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices and medial temporal lobes. Greater hippocampal volume was found in all SA groups except SA‐NM. Lower entorhinal 18F‐Flortaucipir (FTP) uptake was found in all SA groups.DISCUSSIONThese findings suggest that a feature of SA, regardless of its exact definition, is resistance to tau pathology and preserved cortical integrity, especially in the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices.Highlights
Different approaches have been used to define successful cognitive aging (SA).
Regardless of definition, different SA groups have similar brain features.
SA individuals have greater anterior cingulate thickness and hippocampal volume.
Lower entorhinal tau deposition, but not amyloid beta is related to SA.
A combination of cortical integrity and resistance to tau may be features of SA.
Highly Efficient Decomposition of Perfluorocarbons for over 1000 Hours via Active Site Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Hang , Luo Tao , Chen Yingkang , Liu Kang , Li Hongmei , Pensa Evangelina , Fu Junwei , Lin Zhang , Chai Liyuan , Cortés Emiliano , Liu Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTetrafluoromethane (CF4), the simplest perfluorocarbon (PFC), has the potential to exacerbate global warming. Catalytic hydrolysis is a viable method to degrade CF4, but fluorine poisoning severely restricts both the catalytic performance and catalyst lifetime. In this study, Ga is introduced to effectively assists the defluorination of poisoned Al active sites, leading to highly efficient CF4 decomposition at 600 °C with a catalytic lifetime exceeding 1,000 hours. 27Al and 71Ga magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS NMR) showed that the introduced Ga exists as tetracoordinated Ga sites (GaIV), which readily dissociate water to form Ga−OH. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and density function theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that Ga−OH assists the defluorination of poisoned Al active sites via a dehydration‐like process. As a result, the Ga/Al2O3 catalyst achieved 100 % CF4 decomposition keeping an ultra‐long catalytic lifetime and outperforming reported results. This work proposes a new approach for efficient and long‐term CF4 decomposition by promoting the regeneration of active sites.
Low‐Valent Metals in Metal‐Organic Frameworks Via Post‐Synthetic Modification
Authors: Obeso Juan L. , Huxley Michael T. , de los Reyes José Antonio , Humphrey Simon M. , Ibarra Ilich A. , Peralta Ricardo A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) provide uniquely tunable, periodic platforms for site‐isolation of reactive low‐valent metal complexes of relevance in modern catalysis, adsorptive applications, and fundamental structural studies. Strategies for integrating such species in MOFs include post‐synthetic metalation, encapsulation and direct synthesis using low‐valent organometallic complexes as building blocks. These approaches have each proven effective in enhancing catalytic activity, modulating product distributions (i.e., by improving catalytic selectivity), and providing valuable mechanistic insights. In this minireview, we explore these different strategies, as applied to isolate low‐valent species within MOFs, with a particular focus on examples that leverage the unique crystallinity, permanent porosity and chemical mutability of MOFs to achieve deep structural insights that lead to new paradigms in the field of hybrid catalysis.
X‐ray characterization of three possible edible oleogelators: Experiment and theory
Authors: Peyronel Fernanda , Cooney Joseph , Papp‐Szabo Erzsebet , Martini Silvana , Pink David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThree oleogelator molecules (Triacontane (TC), Stearic acid (SA), and Behenyl Lignocerate (BL)) were studied individually, in pairs, or all together to make an oleogel using triolein as the oil. WAXS, SAXS and USAXS were used to elucidate the solid structures from angstroms to a few micrometers. A two‐dimensional mapping of atomic positions for each molecule was carried out to understand the crystalline multilayer structures formed. We assumed that the molecules were rigidly extended and that they underwent no significant (hindered) rotations so that the free energy is determined by the Lennard‐Jones interactions of closely packed multilayers. TC molecules were predicted to form a tilt angle of , yielding a SAXS line at Å─1, in acceptable agreement with the measured . For SA crystals (predicted) yielding a SAXS line at compared to (observed). No mixed crystals were observed for any pair of molecules or when all three were used. USAXS data showed that SA forms large nanocrystals compared to TC and BL. All three combinations of molecular pairs showed basic scatterers smaller or similar to those of individual molecules. The theory presented here, together with the experimental results, showed why no mixed crystals are formed from two or all three molecules. Data from the USAXS region suggested that, when using all three molecules, a more compact fractal structure was obtained, compared with those if one or two of the molecules were used.
Water absorption behavior and physico‐chemical and mechanical performance of PLA‐based biopolymers filled with degradable glass fibers
Authors: Finocchio Elisabetta , Moliner Cristina , Lagazzo Alberto , Caputo Samantha , Arato Elisabetta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐based biopolymers filled with degradable glass fibers were submitted to real life conditions, selected based on their potential applications as beverage containers, to evaluate the feasibility of their usage at the required operational conditions. To do so, several media (i.e., buffer solutions at pH = 3, 5, 7.5, 12 and alcoholic solution) and temperatures (25, 37, 55 and 70°C) were applied to mimic the storage of food, beverage, and detergents inside or in direct contact with the bio‐based prototypes. Their mechanical, spectroscopic (FTIR) and morphological (SEM) features were evaluated and compared with samples after immersion. Water absorption increased with the increasing temperature, with maximum values achieved in alcoholic solutions indicating a more severe interaction of media with the functional groups of the samples. The diffusivity, D, increased with temperature, indicating faster water diffusion rate, especially in strong alkaline media. Treatments at pH 12 led to the most relevant degradation. This behavior was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis that evidenced a strong decrease of the ester band at 1755 cm−1 and the dissolution of the external layer of the polymeric matrix, which became more evident at higher temperatures, where several glass fibers emerged from the bulk. Tensile and flexural tests indicated a softening of the material and an increase in the plasticity of the samples with the increasing temperature. Evident embrittlement of samples was observed at higher temperatures, suggesting an increase in the crystallinity degree of the biopolymer. The obtained results showed the suitability of the PLA‐based biocomposites for applications that do not require high temperatures for long periods of time. Also, the tested materials were proved to resist washing with mild detergents. These results will help in the designing of the new improved PLA‐based biocomposites to meet with the target objectives on their applications.
Polyaniline/polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers via nozzle‐free electrospinning
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Sanchez Francisco Javier Diaz , Menzel Valentin C. , Tudela Ignacio , Radacsi Norbert , Ray Dipa , Koutsos Vasileios 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) in its emeraldine base (PANI‐EB) and salt (PANI‐ES) forms was combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to produce nanofibers in a one‐step electrospinning process using a nozzle‐free electrospinning setup for the first time. The surface morphologies and chemical structure of the composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy—attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Four PANI/PVP electrospun nanofibers with different PANI concentrations were prepared to investigate the effect of PANI concentration on the structure and properties of the nanofibers. The incorporation of different contents of PANI‐EB and PANI‐ES in the PVP solution and their impact on the fiber morphology were investigated.
Modularity and community detection in human brain morphology
Authors: Schuurman Tim , Bruner Emiliano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHumans possess morphologically complex brains, which are spatially constrained by their many intrinsic and extrinsic physical interactions. Anatomical network analysis can be used to study these constraints and their implications. Modularity is a key issue in this framework, namely, the presence of groups of elements that undergo morphological evolution in a concerted way. An array of community detection algorithms was tested on a previously designed anatomical network model of the human brain in order to provide a detailed assessment of modularity in this context. The algorithms that provide the highest quality partitions also reveal general phenotypic patterns underlying the topology of human brain morphology. Taken together, the community detection algorithms highlight the simultaneous presence of a longitudinal and a vertical modular partition of the brain's topology, the combination of which matches the organization of the enveloping braincase. Specifically, the longitudinal organization is in line with the different morphogenetic environments of the three endocranial fossae, while the vertical arrangement corresponds to the distinct developmental processes associated with the cranial base and vault, respectively. The results are robust and have the potential to be compared with equivalent network models of other species. Furthermore, they suggest a degree of concerted topological reciprocity in the spatial organization of brain and skull elements, and posit questions about the extent to which geometrical constraints of the cranial base and the modular partition of the corresponding brain regions may channel both evolutionary and developmental trajectories.
Genome editing pig models with elements for controllable gene expression
Authors: Jin Qin , Shi Hui , Liu Xiaoyi , Ju Jialu , Wang Kepin , Lai Liangxue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConditional gene regulation systems can control gene expression in predefined tissues or organs at a desired time. Site‐specific recombinase systems and chemically induced gene expression systems are the two most widely used approaches for creating genetically modified (GM) animals with conditional regulation of gene expression. Generation of GM pigs with controllable elements, usually involving multiple gene editing, used to be a major challenge due to a lack of germ line‐competent pluripotent stem cells. With the emergence of artificial endonuclease‐mediated gene editors, a variety of GM pigs with recombinase‐specific recognition elements or chemically induced elements for conditional regulation of gene expression have been generated by the combination of site‐directed knock‐in of somatic cells and somatic cell nuclear transfer technology, allowing conditional deletion of endogenous genes or overexpression of exogenous genes in pigs. These inducible tool pig models will greatly facilitate the production of GM pigs and broaden the applications of transgenic pigs in biomedicine and agriculture fields. In this paper, we review the progress in the construction and application of pigs with controllable elements using gene editing techniques.
Relative controllability of nonlinear switched fractional systems
Authors: Luo Hui‐Ping , Liu Song , Zhao Xiao‐Wen , Huang Tao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article investigates relative controllability of nonlinear switched fractional systems (SFSs). With the aid of Mittag‐Leffler functions and invariant subspace theory, two sufficient and necessary conditions for corresponding linear SFSs are first established. Then, piecewise continuous control functions and a novel nonlinear operator are constructed to overcome the difficulties arising from switching rules, nonlinearity, and fractional derivatives. Under different constraints on nonlinear functions, two controllability conditions depending on system parameters for nonlinear SFSs are proposed by applying Schauder's and Banach's fixed point theorems, respectively. The obtained criteria may well show the influence of coefficient matrices, fractional derivatives, and switching rules on relative controllability. In addition, our proposed method is also applicable for integer‐order switched systems. Finally, two simulated examples are worked out to verify the theoretical results.
Thou shalt be safe: Risk preferences in choice for sad others
Authors: Spassova Gerri , Palmeira Mauricio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research takes the first step in exploring how the emotions of choice recipients influence the riskiness of decisions made for them by others. In particular, we focus on the role of sadness—an emotion that has been shown to prompt risk‐seeking in choices for self. Across five studies, in monetary and social decisions, participants prefer safer options for sad, relative to neutral‐affect others, even when the expected value of the safer option is significantly lower than that of the riskier option. The effect is driven by a desire to protect sad others from further loss or disappointment.
Investigation of biodegradability and cellular activity of PCL/PLA and PCL/PLLA electrospun webs for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Oztemur Janset , Ozdemir Suzan , Tezcan‐Unlu Havva , Cecener Gulsah , Sezgin Hande , Yalcin‐Enis Ipek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBiodegradability and cellular activity are key performance indicators that should be prioritized for tissue engineering applications. Biopolymer selection, determination of necessary structural properties, and their synergistic interactions play an active role in obtaining the expected biodegradability and biological activity from scaffolds. In this study, it is aimed to produce electrospun webs with improved biocompatibility by blending polycaprolactone (PCL) with polylactic acid (PLA) and poly‐l‐lactide (PLLA), and examine the effect of biopolymer selection and blend ratio on the biodegradability and cellular activity of surfaces. In this context, fibrous webs are produced from PCL/PLA and PCL/PLLA blends with a weight ratio of 80/20 and 50/50 and pure polymers of PCL, PLA, and PLLA by electrospinning method and subjected to morphological and biological analyses. The biodegradation tests are carried out hydrolytically while the cell viability and cell proliferation analyses are performed with adult human primary dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results show that the fiber diameters of the fabricated webs ranged from 0.747 to 1.685 μm. At the end of the 5th month, it is observed that the biodegradation rates of the webs blended 50% with PLA and PLLA, in comparison to PCL ones, increase from 3.7% to 13.33% and 7.69%, respectively. On the other hand, cell culture results highlight that the addition of 20% PLA and PLLA improves the cellular activity of both cell types, but increased PLA or PLLA ratio in PCL webs has a negative effect as it makes the structure stiff and brittle.
Virtual reality as an immersive projective and autodriving advancement technique
Authors: Putra Pragea Geldoffy , Lee Michael S. W. , Kemper Joya A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 lockdown posed challenges for traditional qualitative researchers, as well as opportunities for innovative qualitative research. While online interviews and focus groups via video conferencing platforms were the most widely used methods, Zoom Fatigue also occurred, hampering some participants' experiences and eventually impacting data quality. Incorporating virtual reality (VR) was one possible solution. This study explores the experiences and involvement of family participants in a qualitative research study using VR during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. The research aims to assess the impact of VR on data quantity and quality, as well as the depth of insights compared to traditional methods without VR. The study employs VR roleplay and autodriving methods to elicit family participant engagement. The findings suggest that the application of VR in autodriving improves data quality and quantity while also making the research process more enjoyable for participating parents and children. The results indicate that VR holds significant potential for advancing qualitative research methodology, especially for previously underrepresented groups such as children.
Closed Synthetic Cycle for Nickel‐Based Dihydrogen Formation
Authors: Hosseinmardi Soosan , Scheurer Andreas , Heinemann Frank W. , Marigo Nicola , Munz Dominik , Meyer Karsten 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDihydrogen evolution was observed in a two‐step protonation reaction starting from a Ni0 precursor with a tripodal N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. Upon the first protonation, a NiII monohydride complex was formed, which was isolated and fully characterized. Subsequent protonation yields H2 via a transient intermediate (INT) and an isolable NiII acetonitrile complex. The latter can be reduced to regenerate its Ni0 precursor. The mechanism of H2 formation was investigated by using a deuterated acid and scrutinized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Remarkably, the second protonation forms a rare nickel dihydrogen complex, which was detected and identified in solution and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. DFT‐based computational analyses were employed to propose a reaction profile and a molecular structure of the Ni−H2 complex. Thus, a dihydrogen‐evolving, closed‐synthetic cycle is reported with a rare Ni−H2 species as a key intermediate.