bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zusammenhang zwischen Struktur und Schmelzverhalten bei Einkristallen aus Copolymeren des Poly‐3,3‐bischlormethyloxacyclobutans (Penton)
Authors: Hinrichsen G. , Fischer E. W. , Wegner G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDie physikalischen Kenngrößen von Einkristallen aus drei Copolymeren des Poly‐3,3‐bischlormethyloxacyclobutans (Penton) wurden mit Hilfe der Differentialkalorimetrie, der Röntgenographie und der Mikroskopie untersucht. Die durch Phenoxylierung von Penton in Lösung hergestellten Copolymeren zeigen das bei kristallisierenden Copolymeren übliche Verhalten. Bei Copolymeren, die durch Phenoxylierung der amorphen Grenzflächen von Penton‐Einkristallen hergestellt wurden, verbleiben Gitterkonstanten, Schmelzenthalpie und Schmelzpunkt unabhängig vom Comonomergehalt. Copolymere aus BCMO und THF zeigen eine starke Erniedrigung des Schmelzpunktes; Gitterkonstanten und Schmelzenthalpie bleiben jedoch konstant. Überraschenderweise nimmt die „Güte”︁ und Regelmäßigkeit der aus Lösung gewonnenen Einkristalle sogar mit steigendem THF‐Gehalt zu.
Absorptionsmessungen an Polymeren im fernen IR‐Gebiet
Authors: Frischkorn H. , Amrhein E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMit einem Michelson‐Interferometer wurden die Absorptionsspektren von Polyäthylen und Polyoxymethylen im Bereich von 500 cm−1bis 10 cm−1gemessen. Proben mit unterschiedlichem Kristallanteil zeigen ein Ansteigen der Absorption mit zunehmender Fehlordnung („fehlordnungsinduzierte Absorption”︁). Durch Bestrahlen und Chlorieren von Polyäthylen wurde versucht, diesen Effekt zu verstärken.
Messung der dielektrischen Größen von Hochpolymeren mit quasi‐optischen Methoden im Bereich von 30 bis 300 GHz (10 bis 1 mm Wellenlänge)
Authors: Zeil Werner , Sistig Eberhard , Frank Werner , Hoffmann Volker 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMit Hilfe von Freiraumwellen haben wir die dielektrischen Eigenschaften einiger Hochpolymerer im Frequenzbereich von 30 bis 300 GHz (1 bis 10 mm Wellenlänge) untersucht. ϵ′ wurde aus Messungen der Reflexionseigenschaften und ϵ″ aus Messungen der Reflexions‐ und der Transmissionseigenschaften bestimmt. Bei Substanzen mit polaren Gruppen beobachteten wir ein Ansteigen des tan δ mit steigender Frequenz.
Energiesparende Reizelektrodensysteme für die Organstimulation
Authors: Schaldach M. , Blaser R. , Thull R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAm Modellfall kugelförmiger Stimulationselektroden lassen sich die minimale Stimulationsenergie und das Verhältnis von ohmschen und Polarisationsverlusten angeben. Die Optimierung erfordert eine Anpassung des Radius an den Abstand zur nächsten erregbaren Zellmembran bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Polarisationsverluste und unter Vermeidung von Gewebeschädigung durch elektrochemische Reaktionen. Durch Deckschichtelektroden und Stromdichtetransformations‐Elektroden wurde eine erhebliche Verminderung des Energieverbrauchs erzielt, die eine Verlängerung der Betriebszeit implantierbarer Herzschrittmacher um 20‐30 % erwarten läßt.
Sensoren für Lactat und Glucose
Authors: Mindt W. , Racine Ph. , Schläpfer P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEs wird anhand von zwei Beispielen über eine Gruppe von elektrochemisch‐enzymatischen Sensoren berichtet, in denen der Ablauf eines mit der Enzymreaktion gekoppelten Redoxprozesses amperometrisch bestimmt wird. Der Sensor besteht aus einer Platinelektrode, die mit einer dünnen Schicht eines Enzyms bedeckt und von der Meßprobe durch eine semipermeable Membran getrennt ist. Es werden die Bedingungen diskutiert, unter denen optimale Eigenschaften von Linearität, Stabilität und Ansprechzeit erhalten werden. Ferner wird der Einfluß von in physiologischen Flüssigkeiten vorhandenen Stoffen untersucht, die mit der Meßmethode interferieren.
Reflexionsspektroskopische Untersuchungen der elektrolytischen Metallabscheidung auf Zinkoxid
Authors: Kolb D. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMit Hilfe der differentiellen Reflexionsspektroskopie wird die elektrolytische Abscheidung von Metallatomen auf ZnO untersucht. Dabei wird die relative Reflexionsänderung ΔR/Rder Halbleiterelektrode insitugemessen.Aufgrund der großen Unterschiede in den optischen Eigenschaften des gebildeten Films (Metallatome) und des Substrates (Halbleiter) kann man bereits bei einer Monoschichtbedeckung Reflexionsänderungen ΔR/Rin der Größenordnung von Prozenten erhalten. Dies ermöglicht den Nachweis von Metalladsorbaten bereits bei niedrigen Bedeckungsgraden (θ ε 0,1) und unabhängig von anderen Reaktionen. wie z. B. H2‐Entwicklung oder O2‐Reduktion, die einen Nachweis mittels Strommessung sehr erschweren.Mit der oben beschriebenen Technik wird der Mechanismus der Zinkabscheidung auf ZnO genauer studiert. Es zeigt sich, daß die Abscheidungsspannung den größten Einfluß auf die Struktur des abgeschiedenen Films ausübt und der Übergang von nichtmetallischen zu metallischen Eigenschaften mit wachsender Filmdicke verfolgt werden kann.
A model of industry 4.0 and a circular economy for green logistics and a sustainable supply chain
Authors: Luu Thanh Van , Chromjaková Felicita , Nguyen Hong Quan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate a hybrid framework for Industry 4.0 and a circular economy for logistics and supply chains with an environmentally‐friendly and sustainable basis. Data were collected from universities, companies, and civil service departments. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was applied to evaluate and validate hypotheses. Key findings comprise (a) confirmation of a predominant direct relationship between Industry 4.0 and adopting a circular economy for green logistics and a sustainable supply chain, which stimulates strategic change; and (b) deliberation about current strategic awareness and operations occurs, giving rise to the promulgation and implementation of state authority policies, and advancements in modern logistics and supply chain programs at universities. Since the analysis concentrated on logistical and supply chain matters, investigation of other variables would be required for other industrial activities such as manufacturing.
A Review of Factors Affecting Gasifier Performance
Authors: Pathak Ashutosh Kumar , Dhaigude Nilesh Dhananjay , Sahu Gajanan , Chauhan Vishal , Saha Sujan , Datta Sudipta , Singh Rupesh Kumar , Sahu Arti , Chavan Prakash Dhondhiram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Physico‐chemical characteristics are inherent properties of fuel and their behaviour changes in different gasification conditions. The critical properties of the coal impede the gasifier's performance, and hence, a proper study is needed to develop and further enhance the gasification systems. A proper assessment of factors influencing gasifier performance and their optimization enables to select, alter, and adjust the conditions. The present paper reviews the effect of important coal properties and gasifier operating conditions on gasification performance parameters. Further, the suitability of gasifiers (moving bed, fluidized bed, and entrained flow) according to the physico‐chemical properties of fuel along with proper operating parameters has also been studied.
Quantum Chemical Analysis of the Correlation between Electrode Potential and Redox Center of Li‐Insertion Materials: Olivine, Layered and Spinel Structures, and Aqua‐Complexes
Authors: Ariyoshi Kingo , Nishimura Kohei , Kitagawa Daichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLi‐insertion materials employed as electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries undergo solid‐state redox reactions wherein ions within a solid matrix are oxidized and reduced, in contrast to the conventional redox reactions of ions in solution. However, owing to the lack of a comprehensive theory for solid‐state redox reactions, the electrode potential of Li‐insertion materials remains unexplained from a theoretical standpoint. This limitation impedes the rational design of positive and negative electrodes with higher and lower potentials, respectively. This study employs the DV‐Xα method to calculate the electronic structures of various Li‐insertion materials and transition‐metal aqua‐complexes associated with the redox reaction to shed light on the corresponding solid‐state redox potentials. Notably, the transition‐metal ion is identified as the redox center in olivine materials and aqua‐complexes, which exhibit similar electrode potentials, whereas the oxide ion is identified as the redox center in layered and spinel oxide materials, which show significant differences in electrode potential compared with olivine materials. These findings imply a correlation between the electrode potential and redox center in Li‐insertion materials. The results of this study reveal that the electrode potential of Li‐insertion materials is determined by their redox center rather than their constituent elements.
Evolution and innovations in animation: A comprehensive review and future directions
Authors: Wang Xudong , Zhong Weiyi 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn this article, we offer an in‐depth exploration of the history, advancements, and innovations in the field of animation. From the roots of traditional hand‐drawn animation to the contemporary realm of computer‐generated imagery, the article outlines the progression of techniques and technologies that have revolutionized the industry. This study meticulously examines the transformative impact of emerging trends such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence on the development and application of animation. A significant focus is placed on the societal implications of animation, investigating its pervasive influence in fields as diverse as education, advertising, and entertainment. The use of animation as a pedagogical tool, a marketing strategy, and a medium for storytelling has not only redefined these sectors but has also reshaped audience expectations and experiences. In forecasting the future of animation, the article identifies and analyzes potential technologies and trends poised to push the boundaries of the field. This includes examining challenges such as the ethical considerations of AI and the technical constraints of VR and AR. By providing a comprehensive overview of past developments and future possibilities, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse on the continually evolving landscape of animation.
Photophysical Properties of Boron‐Based Chromophores as Effective Moieties in TADF Devices: A Computational Study**
Authors: Ulukan Pelin , Monari Antonio , Catak Saron 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have shown great potential in the design of organic metal‐free optoelectronic devices and materials and, therefore, are the subject of intense investigations. This contribution presents the effects of various parameters on the photophysical properties of a series of boron‐based TADF emitters. These include torsion angle, the changes in the electronic density, energy gap between the first excited singlet (S1) and the first excited triplet states (T1), oscillator strength (f) and spin‐orbit coupling (SOC). Through a comprehensive structural analysis, we first show the most favorable conformation of the ground state of donor (D) and acceptor (A) moieties that are popular in TADF emitters. Further, the properties of the excited state manifolds are obtained with Tamm‐Dancoff Approximation (TDA), thus rationalizing their optical and photophysical properties. Globally, our results settle the basis for the rationalization of the effects of different parameters on reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) probabilities, which is the rate‐limiting step for TADF, thus favoring the rational design of novel highly efficient TADF materials with strong triplet exciton harvesting.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a form of human–wildlife conflict: Why and how nondomesticated species should be incorporated into AMR guidance
Authors: Mitchell Jessica 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to receive significant global attention as common infections become increasingly resistant to the drugs used to treat them. Once an infectious microbe has developed a mechanism of resistance, it can cause longer, more damaging infections which are more costly, time‐consuming, and sometimes impossible to treat. Such impacts occur across the health of humans, animals, plants, and the environment. Thus, AMR is considered a One Health issue. However, current narratives on AMR focus on humans, food‐producing animals, crops, and their immediate environments. Very little attention is given to wildlife in terms of the impact of AMR on their health, nor their role in the evolution and spread of AMR. This article (1) discusses an absence of wildlife in current AMR guidance, (2) suggests how this absence of wildlife could limit understanding of, and action on, AMR, (3) proposes that considering AMR as a form of human–wildlife conflict could enable AMR guidance to better incorporate wildlife into action planning and create a truly One Health approach to tackle AMR.
Grazing in the dark: A behavioural adjustment in a population of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula
Authors: Mariani Simone , Pinedo Susana , Jordana Esther , Cefalì Maria Elena , Torras Xavier , Bagur Bendito Marina , Verdura Jana , Ballesteros Enric 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn Mediterranean rocky shores, the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula is often associated with communities dominated by encrusting corallines, devoid of fleshy algae. While it is commonly known as a diurnal herbivore, this species also migrates at night from hidden to more exposed habitats. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence of an adjustment to a predominant nocturnal behaviour in a population of A. lixula. Sea urchin densities changed from nearly zero during daytime to more than 16 urchins m−2 at night in treatment plots where the sea urchins were removed. We suggest that the observed behaviour was triggered by our experimental manipulations and was a response to the presence of dead conspecifics and small predatory fishes attracted by the urchin culling. Further research is needed to assess whether our findings can be generalised to the behaviour of A. lixula in areas where sea urchins are under strong pressure from diurnal predators. In these cases, it is important to perform sea urchin density counts at night to avoid misleading assessments about the herbivore pressure in a littoral area.
Mapping suitable habitats for globally endangered raptors in Kenya: Integrating climate factors and conservation planning
Authors: Ngila Peggy Mutheu , Chiawo David Odhiambo , Owuor Margaret Awuor , Wasonga Vivian Oliver , Mugo Jane Wangui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRaptors face global threats like electrocution, collisions, and habitat fragmentation. Many species remain understudied, and their distribution patterns are unknown. Understanding their current and future distribution is crucial for conservation. Protecting these top predators requires knowledge of their spatial distribution and environmental influences. This study addresses knowledge gaps in raptor habitats and distributions in Kenya, considering current and future climate changes. Using species distribution models and occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, we evaluated suitable habitats for four endangered Kenyan raptor species: Martial eagle, Secretarybird, Bateleur, and Steppe Eagle. We assessed the impact of climatic predictors on their distribution, considering two climate change scenarios for 2020–2040. Our findings reveal that raptor distribution in Kenya is predominantly concentrated in the southwestern region, extending into the central region of the country. The most significant predictors of raptor species distribution varied for each species, with Steppe eagle and Secretarybird being highly influenced by precipitation during the warmest quarter, Martial eagle being influenced by mean temperature during the driest quarter, and Bateleur being primarily influenced by precipitation during the coldest quarter. When projecting our model into the climate change scenarios for 2020–2040, all species except the Bateleur exhibited a negative range shift. The results of our study suggest that climate change may have adverse impacts on the raptor species examined. In light of these findings, we recommend implementing targeted monitoring and conducting surveys in accordance with our current model predictions. Specifically, our focus should be on monitoring areas that exhibit the highest climate suitability, as these areas are likely to undergo significant shifts in the near future. By conducting regular monitoring and engaging in further research, we can enhance our understanding of these raptor species and gather valuable data to improve the accuracy and reliability of our model predictions.
Effect of fuchsin fixation of pollen on DNA barcode recovery
Authors: Streicher Melanie B. , Johnson Steven D. , Willows‐Munro Sandi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPollen grains attached to insects are a valuable source of ecological information which can be used to reconstruct visitation networks. Morphological pollen identification relies on light microscopy with pollen usually stained and mounted in fuchsin jelly, which is also used to remove pollen from the bodies of insects. Pollen embedded in fuchsin jelly could potentially be used for DNA barcoding and metabarcoding (large‐scale taxonomic identification of complex mixed samples) and thus provide additional information for pollination networks. In this study, we determine whether fuchsin‐embedded pollen can be used for downstream molecular applications. We evaluate the quality of plant barcode (ITS) sequences amplified from DNA extracted from both fresh (untreated) pollen, and pollen which had been embedded in fuchsin jelly. We show that the addition of fuchsin to DNA extraction does not impact DNA barcode sequence quality during short‐term storage. DNA extractions from both untreated and fuchsin‐treated pollen produced reliable barcode sequences of high quality. Our findings suggest that pollen which has been collected, stained, and embedded in fuchsin jelly for preliminary microscopy work can be used within several days for downstream genetic analysis, though the quality of DNA from pollen stored in fuchsin jelly for extended periods is yet to be established.
Minimally invasive power sources for implantable electronics
Authors: Xu Ming , Liu Yuheng , Yang Kai , Li Shaoyin , Wang Manman , Wang Jianan , Yang Dong , Shkunov Maxim , Silva S. Ravi P. , Castro Fernando A. , Zhao Yunlong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs implantable medical electronics (IMEs) developed for healthcare monitoring and biomedical therapy are extensively explored and deployed clinically, the demand for non‐invasive implantable biomedical electronics is rapidly surging. Current rigid and bulky implantable microelectronic power sources are prone to immune rejection and incision, or cannot provide enough energy for long‐term use, which greatly limits the development of miniaturized implantable medical devices. Herein, a comprehensive review of the historical development of IMEs and the applicable miniaturized power sources along with their advantages and limitations is given. Despite recent advances in microfabrication techniques, biocompatible materials have facilitated the development of IMEs system toward non‐invasive, ultra‐flexible, bioresorbable, wireless and multifunctional, progress in the development of minimally invasive power sources in implantable systems has remained limited. Here three promising minimally invasive power sources summarized, including energy storage devices (biodegradable primary batteries, rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors), human body energy harvesters (nanogenerators and biofuel cells) and wireless power transfer (far‐field radiofrequency radiation, near‐field wireless power transfer, ultrasonic and photovoltaic power transfer). The energy storage and energy harvesting mechanism, configurational design, material selection, output power and in vivo applications are also discussed. It is expected to give a comprehensive understanding of the minimally invasive power sources driven IMEs system for painless health monitoring and biomedical therapy with long‐term stable functions.
How brain ‘cleaners’ fail: Mechanisms and therapeutic value of microglial phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ni Junjun , Xie Zhen , Quan Zhenzhen , Meng Jie , Qing Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicroglia are the resident phagocytes of the brain, where they primarily function in the clearance of dead cells and the removal of un‐ or misfolded proteins. The impaired activity of receptors or proteins involved in phagocytosis can result in enhanced inflammation and neurodegeneration. RNA‐seq and genome‐wide association studies have linked multiple phagocytosis‐related genes to neurodegenerative diseases, while the knockout of such genes has been demonstrated to exert protective effects against neurodegeneration in animal models. The failure of microglial phagocytosis influences AD‐linked pathologies, including amyloid β accumulation, tau propagation, neuroinflammation, and infection. However, a precise understanding of microglia‐mediated phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still lacking. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in microglial phagocytosis in AD across a wide range of pre‐clinical, post‐mortem, ex vivo, and clinical studies and review the current limitations regarding the detection of microglia phagocytosis in AD. Finally, we discuss the rationale of targeting microglial phagocytosis as a therapeutic strategy for preventing AD or slowing its progression.
Safety Assurance of Autonomous Systems using Machine Learning: An Industrial Case Study and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Zeller Marc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn order to assess AI/ML‐based autonomous systems in terms of safety, it is not sufficient to assess the system w.r.t. potential failures that could lead to hazards (e.g., as proposed by standards such as IEC 61508, ARP 4761, etc.). Also, functional weaknesses/insufficiencies of the used algorithms according to Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) standard ISO 21448 must be considered. In this paper, we present an approach for the safety assessment of systems incorporating AI/ML models using a Model‐based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and a Model‐based Safety Assurance (MBSA) approach. Therefore, we introduce with Component Fault and Deficiency Trees (CFDTs) an extension of the model‐based Component Fault Tree (CFT) methodology. Thereby, we are able to describe cause‐effect relationships between individual failures and functional insufficiencies as well as system hazards and assess if all risks are mitigated. In this paper, we apply our approach to an industrial case study of a self‐driving toy vehicle (the PANORover) and present our lessons learnt.
Modeling & Simulation SPICE: Assessing the Capability of Credible Simulation Processes
Authors: Eichenseer Frank , Heinkel Hans‐Martin , Benedikt Martin , Ahmann Maurizio , Holzner Michael , Stadler Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile systems or products are becoming increasingly complex and new technologies emerge to manage this growing complexity, the potential of virtualized or simulation‐based product development is not yet fully exploited. This is mainly due to the fact that simulation results are still not trusted enough. Therefore, this paper outlines a possible approach to derive and ensure required levels of modeling and simulation credibility from the criticality of a simulation task. Furthermore, a framework is presented for assessing the implementation of a credible simulation process. This framework is based on an existing process reference model, ensuring modeling and simulation credibility, and on a process assessment model, which has proven itself in the German automotive industry in the assessment of process capability. Finally, the introduction to this framework is demonstrated using an example from the automotive domain, i.e., the simulation‐based safety approval for the virtual testing of an Automated Lane Keeping System.