bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal reasoning hakim mahkamah konstitusi dalam memutuskan syarat jeda mantan terpidana untuk ikut dalam pilkada ditinjau dari siyasah dusturiyah
Authors: Dila Salsah , Lubis Syofiaty 
Published: September 2023

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat putusan MK terkait syarat jeda mantan terpidana saat mencalonkan diri sebagai kepala daerah dan mengkaji pencalonan mantan narapidana sebagai kepala daerah dalam Pilkda ditinjau dari fiqih dusturiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, menggunakan analisis data deskriptif kualitatif yaitu mengemukakan data dan informasi yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan memakai beberapa kesimpulan sebagai temuan dari hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian, bahwa dengan batasan tertentu, mantan napi bisa calonkan dirinya jadi kepala daerah dari PMK No 56PUUXVII Tahun 2019 tentang syarat-syarat pencalonan kepala daerah. Putusan Nomor 56/PUU-XVII/2019 itu berdasarkan fikih siyasah karena membolehkan mantan koruptor mengajukan diri menjadi kepala daerah karena sudah meminta maaf atas seluruh pelanggarannya sebelumnya dengan menjalani hukuman penjara. Setelah menghabiskan waktunya, seseorang memiliki hak istimewa yang sama terhadap anggota masyarakat lain serta tidak lagi membutuhkan doa, pengakuan dosa, atau bentuk penebusan dosa lainnya. Namun dalam Putusan MK No. 56PUUXVII/2019 selain belum mengedepankan hak mantan terpidana, dengan hak masyarakat pada umumnya. Putusan ini hanya ditunjukan kepada hak dipilih (ketika terpidana hendak mencalonkan diri sebagai kepala daerah) sedang aturan hak memilih tidak terdapat persyaratan khusus maka putusan tersebut lagi lagi masih belum tepat dan sesuai untuk direalisasikan di negara yang menganut sistem demokrasi ini.</p>
Theoretical Fundamentals of Scaled Business Agility and Project Portfolio Management at Automotive Manufacturers
Authors: MANN Christian , SİEGFRİED Patrick , MİCHEL Alex 
Published: September 2023

This study has the aim to explain the theoretical fundamentals of scaled agile business structures and of the traditional project portfolio management before laying out the discrepancies of agility with project portfolio management at large enterprises such as automotive manufacturers.
For the exploration of the scarcely addressed topic of agility at portfolio level, current journals were mainly consulted. Further, for the theoretical exposition of project portfolio management, current journals and textbooks about business strategies and project management were used as well as journals for information about portfolio management.
As a result of this paper, it was found that the difference of agile delivery to the traditional organization is the focus on small work packages instead of detailed long -term planning. When focusing on smaller work packages, portfolio planning becomes more iterative and bottom-up ideas have a higher impact on program level.
For other industries then automotive manufacturers, other company sizes, or even other automotive manufacturers, which are built from the ground up to be more agile, the findings of this paper are not relevant.
Digital farming, invisible farmers
Authors: Ramírez Gröbli María del Pilar 
Published: September 2023

Digital technologies have been gradually penetrating agricultural production systems; specially, in the last two decades, generating both expectations and concerns because of the unknown technological scope and the speed of the transformations. While some sectors are enthusiastic on the potential of digital tools have to contribute efficiently in food production, to achieve agri-food sustainability and to mitigate climate change, others are concerned about the challenges digital technologic will produce on political, social and cultural fields. The embeddedness, conditions, and usage of digital technologies in the agriculture sector raise questions on how and who participates on Global Production Networks and shape governance structures and policies orientation underpinning them. In the current landscape, just some few Global Networks with different forms of economic and political power are dominating digitalisation worldwide. They have the control of technologies to implement digital agriculture at the global scale. Governmental institutions both at international and national level foster financial and market policies to invest and promote in digitalisation what has impacts on the shifting of food systems. This article examines the dynamics of power concentration wielded by the Global Networks that, through large transnational corporations, have managed to dominate different sectors of the food chain by implementing digital systems for agriculture. It also presents an analysis of land concentration and big data and the possible implications for small producers and traditional food systems in Latin America. It suggests that while some digital services can contribute to improving and alleviating the challenges facing agricultural production, others could increase the concentration of power in a few hands by appropriating sensitive information from Big Data and adapting it to industrial food production and food value chains and posing fundamental challenges to governance structures.
Decreased Legionnaires&rsquo; disease incidence in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2022
Authors: Reddy Devarajulu , Alex Diviya , Zonunmawii Christina , Prabhu Sabarish , Dhiliban D.N. 
Published: September 2023

Legionnaires’ disease was first detected in 1976 when an outbreak occurred in Philadelphia, USA. The number of cases reported to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) has been on the rise since 2000, likely due to expanded diagnostic testing and public awareness of symptoms. There was a notable decline of confirmed cases during the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveillance is important to understand the transmission, pathogenesis, and complications, and to quickly identify the outbreaks, new cases and epidemiologic links between cases. The EPIWATCH system scans vast amounts of open-source data to supplement surveillance when there is a lack of available case data. EPIWATCH reported approximately 28 cases during September to December 2020, 349 cases in 2021 and 114 cases during January to October 2022, which is a decrease in case numbers, possibly due to underreporting during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Annual case numbers may be 1.8 to 2.7 times higher than reported, due to potential underdiagnosis and the requirement for confirmation of infection source before a diagnosis can be made.
Key words: Legionella; Legionnaires' disease; outbreak, USA
The effect of inhibin B on ovarian response in subjects with polycystic ovary
Authors: Hassan Affan E. , Sudek Hanan L. , Abd-alwahab Taghrid H. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Inhibin B hormone is one of the indicative parameters in measuring ovarian reserve ,which is important to be evaluated, since it is one of the markers of the female reproductive potential especially in polycystic ovary patients (PCOS) which is a common cause of anovulatory infertility.Patients and methods: Ninty four infertile polycystic ovaries women, attending the infertility clinic at Baghdad teaching hospital, during the period of October 2005 to December 2006, were compared to 62 control group women who have unexplained infertility. After exact history and examination, inhibin level measurement was done in cycle day 3, the patients are divided according to age into 2 groups (more than 35 years and less than 35 years) .Ovarian stimulation by one of 3 protocols (clomiphene citrate (CC), CC + gonadotropins, goadotropins alone) was applied. Then the ovarian response is measured after that.Results: It was found that inhibin is significantly higher in PCOS patients as compared to control [201.1 ±122.40 vs 71.81 ± 40.63 pg/ml] (P=0.0003).After treatment with ovulation induction drugs, those who are less than 35 years with inhibin level less than 75 pg/ml, have no significant difference in response between the 3 protocols, while in those with inhibin more than 75 pg/ml the response was significantly high to protocol 1(CC only). In more than 35 years patients with inhibin level less than 75 pg/ml ,there was no significant difference in response between protocols while in those with inhibin more than 75 pg/ml the response was significantly higher to protocol 2 (CC+ Gonadotropins).Conclusion: Polycystic ovary patients have significantly higher concentration of inhibin B. Young patients less than 35 years with inhibin level less than 75 pg/ml showed no difference in response between the 3 protocols (CC, CC+ Gonadotropins, and Gonadotropins), while those with higher inhibin level ,the response was significantly higher to protocol 1. In older patients with inhibin more than 75 pg/ml there is no significant difference in response among the 3 protocols.
Effects of high and low dose of cadmium chloride on male Reproductive system in mice
Authors: Qadori Yasamin T. , Al-shaikh Mahera N. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Cadmium is highly toxic and carcinogenic environmental contaminant exposure to cadmium has been reported to reduce male fertility and there are several hypotheses that suggest how reduced male fertility may result from incorporation of cadmium. The purpose of this study was to determined the role of testicular ascorbic acid level in cadmium mediated oxidative damage on mice testis.Objectives:To know the extent of toxicity of cadmium chloride and its adverse effects on male reproductive system in mice .Methods:Fifteen adult albino male mice were divided into three groups, group one control and two experimental groups (low dose and high dose ).the experimental groups were injected with single dose of (0.14mg/BW) cadmium chloride in low dose and with (0.28mg/BW) cadmium chloride in high dose group ,intraperitoneally (ip) . The control group has given normal saline (0.9%) only .Animals were sacrificed after 15 days.The epididiymal sperm count, sperm abnormalities, tissue level of lipid peroxidation and testicular ascorbic acid level were estimated.Results:Exposure of mice to different doses of cadmium showed a decrease in the testicular weight (0.219±0.03), sperm count (124.6±0.2), ascorbic acid level (0.023±0.04), and increase in the testicular level of lipid peroxidation (0.49±0.1) and in the incidence of abnormal sperms. Exposure to high dose of cadmium showed a significant decrease in testicular weight (0.140±0.03), sperm count, (83.8±0.5) and increase in lipid peroxidation (0.79±2.1) compared to low dose group. Ascorbic acid level decreased significantly in high dose group compared to low dose group.Conclusion: Therefore the present study suggests that cadmium has deleterious effect on spermatogenesis and one of the possible mechanism in cadmium induced oxidative damage on mice testis cell might be mediated through its effect on reducing ascorbic acid level.
Comparison of familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis in Iraqi patients
Authors: Al-hamadani Hasan A. , Marah Hazim A. , Al-Saffar Farah 
Published: September 2023

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the increasing prevalent neurologic disorders. Epidemiologic and family studies implicate genetic and environmental factors in determiningsusceptibility to MS. The exact effect of the former is intended for investigation in our study.Objectives: The objective of the study is to compare the demographic features, clinical presenting features, and clinical course between familial and sporadic cases of MS.Materials and Methods: this is a retrospective cohort study conducted in Multiple Sclerosis Center in the Medical City in Baghdad. The records of the MS center in Baghdad Teaching Hospital were surveyed, and data from 13 patients with positive family history of MS, and 13 patients with out family history of MS was analyzed.Results: Regarding the clinical presentation, for those with family history of MS the common presenting symptoms were sensory symptoms and transverse myelitis, and those without family history of MS was pyramidal, for those with family history of MS 11 patients had initial course of relapsing remitting MS ( 84.6%) ,of them 4 patients progressed into secondary progressive MS (36.4%); 2 patients had primary progressive MS as initial course, for those with negative family history of MS 12 patients had initial course of relapsing remitting MS, of them 5 patients progressed into Secondary progressive MS (41.6%); 1 patients had primary progressive MS as initial course (7.7 %.). No significant difference was found in the investigated parameters, except for the inverse relation between age of onset and lag time to diagnosis.Conclusion: Familial MS do not significantly differ from sporadic MS in terms of the demographic patterns and clinical course and presentation. This is not the case for the relationship between the age of disease onset and lag time to diagnosis.
Efficient pH and dissolved CO2 conditions for indoor and outdoor cultures of green alga Parachlorella
Authors: Takagi Akari , Nagao Misato , Uejima Yuya , Sasaki Daisaku , Asayama Munehiko 
Published: September 2023

Efficient pH and dissolved CO2 conditions for indoor (50–450 mL scale) and outdoor (100–500 L scale) culture of a green alga BX1.5 strain that can produce useful intracellular lipids and extracellular polysaccharides were investigated for the first time in Parachlorella sp. The cultures harvested under 26 different conditions were analysed for pH, dissolved CO2 concentration, and the biomass of extracellular polysaccharides. The BX1.5 strain could thrive in a wide range of initial medium pH ranging from 3 to 11 and produced valuable lipids such as C16:0, C18:2, and C18:3 under indoor and outdoor culture conditions when supplied with 2.0% dissolved CO2. Particularly, the acidic BG11 medium effectively increased the biomass of extracellular polysaccharides during short-term outdoor cultivation. The BG11 liquid medium also led to extracellular polysaccharide production, independent of acidity and alkalinity, proportional to the increase in total sugars derived from cells supplied with high CO2 concentrations. These results suggest Parachlorella as a promising strain for indoor and outdoor cultivation to produce valuable materials.
Investigating the value of glucodensity analysis of continuous glucose monitoring data in type 1 diabetes: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Cui Elvis Han , Goldfine Allison B. , Quinlan Michelle , James David A. , Sverdlov Oleksandr 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices capture longitudinal data on interstitial glucose levels and are increasingly used to show the dynamics of diabetes metabolism. Given the complexity of CGM data, it is crucial to extract important patterns hidden in these data through efficient visualization and statistical analysis techniques.MethodsIn this paper, we adopted the concept of glucodensity, and using a subset of data from an ongoing clinical trial in pediatric individuals and young adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes, we performed a cluster analysis of glucodensities. We assessed the differences among the identified clusters using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with respect to residual pancreatic beta-cell function and some standard CGM-derived parameters such as time in range, time above range, and time below range.ResultsDistinct CGM data patterns were identified using cluster analysis based on glucodensities. Statistically significant differences were shown among the clusters with respect to baseline levels of pancreatic beta-cell function surrogate (C-peptide) and with respect to time in range and time above range.DiscussionOur findings provide supportive evidence for the value of glucodensity in the analysis of CGM data. Some challenges in the modeling of CGM data include unbalanced data structure, missing observations, and many known and unknown confounders, which speaks to the importance of--and provides opportunities for--taking an approach integrating clinical, statistical, and data science expertise in the analysis of these data.
Interleukin-36 is vasculoprotective in both sexes despite sex-specific changes in the coronary microcirculation response to IR injury
Authors: El-Awaisi Juma , Mitchell Joanne L. , Ranasinghe Aaron , Kalia Neena 
Published: September 2023

AimsRisks and outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) are different between men and women and some studies have demonstrated that the latter have a higher risk of mortality. Whilst there are many reasons for this, it may also partially be linked to stronger innate and adaptive immune responses mounted by females compared to males. However, little is known about how sex impacts the coronary microvessels, the site where inflammatory processes take place, after an MI. Intravital and laser speckle microscopy was used to image coronary microvessels and ventricular perfusion in vivo in response to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in male and female mice. Interleukin-36 (IL-36) is the latest addition to the IL-1 superfamily of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has recently been shown to mediate inflammation in a number of non-cardiovascular diseases. Its role in mediating potential sex-related microcirculatiory pertubations in the heart are unknown. Therefore, the vasculoprotective efficacy of an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) was also investigated.Methods and resultsImmunostaining and flow cytometry demonstrated higher expression of IL-36 and its receptor in female hearts, an observation confirmed in human samples. Intravital imaging of the anaesthetised mouse beating heart identified significantly greater neutrophil recruitment in female hearts, but a greater burden of thrombotic disease in male hearts. Male mice had reduced functional capillary density and were unable to restore perfusion to baseline values as effectively as females. However, female mice had significantly larger infarcts. Interestingly, IL-36Ra decreased inflammation, improved perfusion, and reduced infarct size in both sexes despite increasing platelet presence in male hearts. Mechanistically, this was explained by IL-36Ra attenuating endothelial oxidative damage and VCAM-1 expression. Importantly, IL-36Ra administration during ischaemia was critical for vasculoprotection to be realised.ConclusionThis novel study identified notable sex-related differences in the coronary microcirculatory response to myocardial IR injury which may explain why some studies have noted poorer outcomes in women after MI. Whilst contemporary MI treatment focuses on anti-platelet strategies, the heightened presence of neutrophils in female IR injured coronary microvessels necessitates the development of an effective anti-inflammatory approach for treating female patients. We also emphasise the importance of early intervention during the ischaemic period in order to maximise therapeutic effectiveness.
Prediction model of cervical lymph node metastasis based on clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a dual-center retrospective study
Authors: Liu Wenji , Zhang Die , Jiang Hui , Peng Jie , Xu Fei , Shu Hongxin , Su Zijian , Yi Tao , Lv Yunxia 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe overall prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients is expanding along with an ongoing increase in thyroid cancer incidence. Patients with PTC who have lymph node metastases have a poor prognosis and a high death rate. There is an urgent need for indicators that can predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) before surgery as current imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography, do not have sufficient sensitivity to detect LNM. To predict independent risk factors for Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) or Lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM), we therefore developed two nomograms based on CLNM and LLNM, separately.MethodsIn two centers, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and Yichun People’s Hospital, we retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients. We utilized multivariate analysis to screen for variables that might be suspiciously related to CLNM or LLNM. Furthermore, we developed nomograms to graphically depict the independent risk valuables connected to lymph node metastasis in PTC patients.ResultUltimately, 6068 PTC patients in all were included in the research. Six factors, including age&lt;45, male, mETE, TSH&gt;1.418, tumor size&gt;4cm, and location (multicentric and lobe), were observed to be related to CLNM. Age&lt;45, male, mETE (minimal extrathyroidal extension), multifocality, TSH≥2.910, CLNM positive, and tumor size&gt;4cm were regarded as related risk factors for LLNM. The two nomograms developed subsequently proved to have good predictive power with 0.706 and 0.818 and demonstrated good clinical guidance functionality with clinical decision curves and impact curves.ConclusionBased on the successful establishment of this dual-institution-based visual nomogram model, we found that some clinical features are highly correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis, including CLNM and LLNM, which will better help clinicians make individualized clinical decisions for more effectively rationalizing managing PTC patients.
Bone safety of dual-release hydrocortisone in patients with autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Bioletto Fabio , Barale Marco , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Giannelli Jacopo , Campioni Lorenzo , Cappiello Vincenzo , Di Carlo Maria Chiara , Ghigo Ezio , Procopio Massimo , Giordano Roberta 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundConventional glucocorticoids (C-GC) replacement regimens have a detrimental effect on skeletal health in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI), ultimately leading to an increased fracture risk. The novel dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) formulations are characterized by a more favourable safety profile on various clinical endpoints. Data comparing the impact of C-GC and DR-HC on bone, however, are scarce.MethodsTwenty-seven patients with autoimmune primary AI (PAI; 13 treated with C-GC and 14 treated with DR-HC) were evaluated to compare bone-related parameters between the two treatment groups.ResultsNo significant differences between the two treatments groups were observed with respect to bone turnover markers. Patients treated with C-GC showed a lower bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine (LS; 0.791 ± 0.195 vs. 0.942 ± 0.124 g/cm2, p=0.025) and at femoral neck (FN; 0.633 ± 0.114 vs. 0.716 ± 0.088 g/cm2, p=0.045). Moreover, they were characterized by a lower trabecular bone score (TBS; 1.236 ± 0.035 vs. 1.383 ± 0.030, p=0.004) and by a higher mean number of vertebral fractures per patient (0.75 vs. 0 fractures, p=0.002). TBS was the best predictor of fracture risk, with a pseudo-R2 of 0.593; moreover, at mediation analysis, it was able to fully explain the observed detrimental effect of C-GC, compared to DR-HC, on fracture risk.ConclusionsThese results suggest that DR-HC is associated with less bone-related complications compared to C-GC in patients with PAI. Moreover, TBS seems to play a pivotal role in the mediation of the relationship between glucocorticoid treatment regimens and fracture risk.