bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isorhamnetin improves in vitro maturation of oxidative stress-exposed porcine oocytes and subsequent embryo development
Authors: Oh Seung-Hwan , Lee Seung-Eun , Yoon Jae-Wook , Park Chan-Oh , Park Hyo-Jin , Kim So-Hee , Lee Do-Geon , Pyeon Da-Bin , Kim Eun-Young , Park Se-Pill 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of the flavonoid-based compound isorhamnetin (ISO) on maturation and developmental competence in oxidative stress-exposed porcine oocytes in vitro. Treatment with 2 μM ISO (2 ISO) increases the developmental rate of oxidative stress-exposed porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM). The glutathione level and mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes (NFE2L2 and SOD2) were increased in the 2 ISO-treated group, whereas the reactive oxygen species level was decreased. Treatment with 2 ISO increased mRNA expression of a cumulus cell expansion-related gene (SHAS2) and improved chromosomal alignment. mRNA expression of maternal genes (CCNB1, MOS, BMP15 and GDF9) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity were increased in the 2 ISO-treated group. The total cell number per blastocyst and percentage of apoptotic cells were increased and decreased in the 2 ISO-treated group, respectively. Treatment with 2 ISO increased mRNA expression of development-related genes (SOX2, NANOG, and POU5F1) and anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2L1 and BIRC5) and decreased that of pro-apoptotic genes (CASP3 and FAS). These results demonstrate that 2 ISO improves the quality of porcine oocytes by protecting them against oxidative stress during IVM and enhances subsequent embryo development in vitro. Therefore, we propose that ISO is a useful supplement for IVM of porcine oocytes.
A New Seismic Phase to Detect Mid‐Mantle Scatterers
Authors: Yuan Y. , Sun D. , Thomas C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmall‐scale mid‐mantle heterogeneities (<100 km) are revealed by various short‐period seismic waves with different sampling paths. Here, using dense stations in China, we present the observations of a new seismic phase that arrives as a PP precursor. This arrival represents a P‐wave scattered at mid‐mantle heterogeneities as PdpP (“d” indicates the depth of heterogeneity) and appears in two forms: (a) a wave train with increasing slowness from P/Pdiff to PP slowness; (b) a single arrival with unique slowness between Pdiff and PP slowness. Waveform modeling results suggest that both types of PdpP signals can be simultaneously generated by lower mantle scatterers with scales larger than 20 km, situated close to the source region. Furthermore, focusing on the observations of PdpP from Fiji‐Tonga earthquakes, we locate a series of scatterers at depth of 800–1,350 km that may be related to the Pacific slab subducting along the Tonga‐Kermadec trench.
Electron Heating Scales in Collisionless Shocks Measured by MMS
Authors: Johlander Andreas , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Dimmock Andrew P. , Graham Daniel B. , Lalti Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectron heating at collisionless shocks in space is a combination of adiabatic heating due to large‐scale electric and magnetic fields and non‐adiabatic scattering by high‐frequency fluctuations. The scales at which heating happens hints to what physical processes are taking place. In this letter, we study electron heating scales with data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft at Earth's quasi‐perpendicular bow shock. We utilize the tight tetrahedron formation and high‐resolution plasma measurements of MMS to directly measure the electron temperature gradient. From this, we reconstruct the electron temperature profile inside the shock ramp and find that the electron temperature increase takes place on ion or sub‐ion scales. Further, we use Liouville mapping to investigate the electron distributions through the ramp to estimate the deHoffmann‐Teller potential and electric field. We find that electron heating is highly non‐adiabatic at the high‐Mach number shocks studied here.
Evaluating the Retreat, Arrest, and Regrowth of Crane Glacier Against Marine Ice Cliff Process Models
Authors: Needell C. , Holschuh N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe fastest projected rates of sea level rise appear in models which include “the marine ice cliff instability (MICI),” a hypothesized but mostly unobserved process defined by rapid fracture and wastage of terminal ice cliffs that outpaces viscous relaxation and ice‐shelf formation. Crane Glacier's response to the Larsen B Ice Shelf collapse has been invoked as evidence of MICI in the observational record. Using available remote sensing data, we analyze Crane's retreat, arrest, and regrowth over the last two decades. Much of Crane's terminus retreat occurred in floating, not grounded ice. Retreat accelerated by at least 54% during the 2 years following ice shelf collapse. This is inconsistent with contemporaneous regional forcing that promoted ice shelf growth during this period, but consistent with a geometrically controlled positive feedback. We infer a maximum possible cliff height of 111 m, which according to process models, could enable cliff calving assuming damaged ice.
The Spatiotemporal Variability of Non‐Migrating Tides in the Zonal Wind Component Detected From TIMED/TIDI Observations
Authors: Li Xing , Ren Zhipeng , Cao Jinbin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith Doppler Interferometer instruments on thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere energetics and dynamics satellite (TIMED/TIDI) observations, the 1‐day resolution, non‐migrating DE3 tide in the zonal wind component can be extracted using the method from Li et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021577). This paper presents the spatiotemporal variability of the DE3 tide in the zonal wind component between 85 and 105 km altitude and within ±30° latitude. The global structure and long‐term variation (intra‐annual and >1 year variability) are similar to the previous results. It is found that (a) it is dominant in the Southern Hemisphere between 95 and 105 km altitude and in the Northern Hemisphere between 90 and 100 km altitude; (b) the maximum amplitudes are in August and September around the equator, and the phases are stable and hardly vary with their latitudes; and (c) the influence of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) phenomenon can be noticeably detected. Additionally, the short‐term variability (after filtering out long‐term variability) can also be presented: (a) it increases with altitudes gradually between 85 and 105 km altitude, and the peak value is above 100 km; and (b) the short‐term variability does not demonstrate significant long‐term variation. Furthermore, through comparative analysis, we found that (a) the long‐term variations in DE3 in temperature and zonal wind are consistent with each other; however, the short‐term variabilities in DE3 are not similar. This indicates that the dominant dynamic processes of DE3 in the temperature and zonal wind components are different. (b) The symmetric DE3 tide in the zonal wind component is dominant at 0°–15° latitudes, and the asymmetric tide is dominant at 15°–30° latitudes. This indicates that the DE3 tide at different latitudes is dominated by wave modes with different symmetries.
The Importance of Subsurface Productivity in the Pacific Arctic Gateway as Revealed by High‐Resolution Biogeochemical Surveys
Authors: Juranek L. W. , Hales B. , Beaird N. L. , Goñi M. A. , Shroyer E. , Allen J. G. , White A. E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFollowing sea‐ice retreat, surface waters of Arctic marginal seas become nutrient‐limited and subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) develop below the pycnocline where nutrients and light conditions are favorable. However, the importance of these “hidden” features for regional productivity is not well constrained. Here, we use a unique combination of high‐resolution biogeochemical and physical observations collected on the Chukchi shelf in 2017 to constrain the fine‐scale structure of nutrients, O2, particles, SCM, and turbulence. We find large O2 excess at middepth, identified by positive saturation () maxima of 15%–20% that unambiguously indicate significant production occurring in middepth waters. The maxima coincided with a complete depletion of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = NO3− + NO2− + NH4+). Nitracline depths aligned with SCM depths and the lowest extent of maxima, suggesting this horizon represents a compensation point for balanced growth and loss. Furthermore, SCM were also associated with turbulence minima and sat just above a high turbidity bottom layer where light attenuation increased significantly. Spatially, the largest maxima were associated with high nutrient winter‐origin water masses (14.8% ± 2.4%), under a shallower pycnocline associated with seasonal melt while lower values were associated with summer‐origin water masses (7.4% ± 3.9%). Integrated O2 excesses of 800–1,200 mmol m−2 in regions overlying winter water are consistent with primary production rates that are 12%–40% of previously reported regional primary production. These data implicate short‐term and long‐term control of SCM and associated productivity by stratification, turbulence, light, and seasonal water mass formation, with corresponding potential for climate‐related sensitivities.
Seasonal Variation of the Land Breeze System in the Southwestern Bay of Bengal and Its Influence on Air‐Sea Interactions
Authors: Athulya K. , Girishkumar M. S. , McPhaden M. J. , Kolukula S. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study examines the seasonal variability of the Land Breeze System (LBS) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) using hourly moored buoy data, coastal radar data, atmospheric reanalysis data, and 6‐hourly satellite‐based Cross‐Calibrated Multi‐Platform (CCMP) wind velocity data. We first provide an overview of the LBS for the entire BoB, then focus on the pronounced LBS in southwestern BoB and its impact on the near‐surface current field and latent heat flux (LHF). We show that the LBS in the southwestern BoB exhibits a maximum diurnal wind speed amplitude of ∼2 m s−1 with seaward nearshore winds best developed in the morning hours. The geographical coverage is maximum in July and August and minimum in December and January. During its peak phase in July–August, the signature of the LBS in the southwestern BoB extends up to 600 km offshore, occupies ∼20% of the basin, and accounts for approximately 15% of the seasonal mean wind speed variance. The near‐surface current field shows a rapid response to the diurnal wind speed variations, with an eastward current observed between 1000–1800 IST, a westward current between 1800–0800 IST, and a diurnal range of 12 cm s−1. LHF shows well‐defined diurnal variability in response to diurnal LBS wind speed variability, with a morning maximum, evening minimum, and a diurnal range of 35 W m−2. We also find that the large‐scale seasonal winds are the main factor in determining the annual variability in strength and geographical coverage of the LBS in the southwestern BoB.
Sea Surface Wind Structure in the Outer Region of Tropical Cyclones Observed by Wave Gliders
Authors: Tian Di , Zhang Han , Wang Shuai , Zhang Wenyan , Sun Xiujun , Zhou Ying , Zheng Gang , Jiang Han , Yang Shili , Zhou Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the sea surface wind structure during tropical cyclones (TCs) is the key for study of ocean response and parameterization of air‐sea surface in numerical simulation. However, field observations are scarce. In 2019, three wave gliders were deployed in the South China Sea and the adjacent Western Pacific region, which acquired sea surface wind structure of eight TCs. Analysis of the field data suggests that the wave glider‐observed surface winds are consistent with most analysis/reanalysis data (i.e., ERA5, Cross‐Calibrated Multi‐Platform, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐Global Data Assimilation System) and Soil Moisture Active Passive. Both wave glider observations and analysis/reanalysis data indicate that TC wind fields induce an obvious increase in speed toward the sea surface together with a sharp change in direction, showing an asymmetric wind structure which is sensitive to TC translation speed and intensity. Larger mean values of wind speed and inflow angle are located on the right side along TC tracks. The inflow angle shows a highly dynamic dependence on the radial distance from the TC center, the TC intensity, as well as the TC‐relative azimuth. Comparisons between field observations and theoretical models indicate that the most widely used, ideal TC wind profile models can largely represent the observed sea surface wind structure, but generally underestimate the wind speed due to lack of consideration of background wind. Moreover, simple ideal models (e.g., the modified Rankine vortex model) may outperform complex models when accurate information of TCs is limited. Wave glider observations have potential for better understanding of air‐sea exchanges and for improvements of the corresponding parameterization schemes.
Modeling Land‐Atmosphere Coupling at Cloud‐Resolving Scale Within the Multiple Atmosphere Multiple Land (MAML) Framework in SP‐E3SM
Authors: Lin Guangxing , Leung L. Ruby , Lee Jungmin , Harrop Bryce E. , Baker Ian T. , Branson Mark D. , Denning A. Scott , Jones Christopher R. , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Randall David A. , Yang Zhao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRepresenting subgrid variabilities of land surface processes and their upscaled effects is crucial for global climate modeling. Here, we implement a multiple atmosphere multiple land (MAML) framework in the superparamaterized version of E3SM (SP‐E3SM) to explicitly simulate the subgrid variabilities of land states and fluxes at cloud‐resolving scale and their interactions with atmosphere. Comparing to the standard SP‐E3SM in which all the atmospheric columns of the cloud resolving model embedded within the global atmospheric model grid interact with the same land surface (i.e., multiple atmosphere single land (MASL)), the impact of MAML on the strength of land‐atmosphere coupling is limited, partly because the current implementation mainly facilitates one‐way coupling between the cloud‐resolving model and the land surface model. Despite such limitation, MAML increases the surface latent heat flux at the expense of sensible heat flux, and increases precipitation in India, Amazon, and Central Africa, reducing the model dry bias compared to the standard SP‐E3SM. By employing a normalized gross moist stability (NGMS) diagnostic framework, we find that the increase in precipitation minus evaporation (P‐E) is primarily driven by the change in large‐scale moisture convergence, particularly by the increase of water vapor in the lower atmosphere, while the local effect of total surface energy flux plays a minor role in the P‐E change. More specifically, MAML changes the surface energy partitioning (evaporative fraction), increases the atmosphere water vapor, and further increases P‐E by decreasing the NGMS. Finally, future development in the MAML framework is discussed.
Cenozoic Exhumation and Deformation of the Intermontane Pastos Chicos Basin in the Southern Central Andes: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Andean Plateau (Puna) and the Eastern Cordillera Between 23° and 24°S, NW Argentina
Authors: Pingel Heiko , Deeken Anke , Coutand Isabelle , Alonso Ricardo N. , Riller Ulrich , Sobel Edward R. , Cottle John M. , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Andean Plateau of north‐western Argentina (Puna) at a mean elevation of ca. 4.2 km constitutes the southern continuation of the Altiplano; it is a compressional basin‐and‐range province comprising fault‐bounded, high‐elevation mountain ranges and largely internally drained basins with often thick sedimentary and volcaniclastic fill. Growing sedimentological and structural evidence supports the notion that the north‐western Argentine Andes between 22° and 26°S developed from an initial extensive broken‐foreland system that extended across the present‐day eastern Andean flank during the early to middle Eocene. However, compelling evidence of the tectonic history of this region is still missing. Here, we present new apatite fission track and zircon (U–Th)/He thermochronological data and U–Pb zircon ages from intercalated volcanic ash deposits from the Pastos Chicos Basin (23.5°S, 66.5°W) to constrain basin formation and the timing of major crustal deformation in the northern Puna. Inverse thermal modeling of the thermochronological data provides further temporal constraints on the late Cenozoic cooling history of the crust in this region and, by inference, on the timing of upper‐crustal shortening, range uplift, and basin formation in the northern sector of the present‐day Puna Plateau. Specifically, we argue for plateau‐wide distributed deformation in the Eocene between 23° and 24°S, followed by spatially disparate and diachronous deformation (Oligocene to Pliocene).
BET inhibitors rescue anti-PD1 resistance by enhancing TCF7 accessibility in leukemia-derived terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells
Authors: Romine Kyle A. , MacPherson Kevin , Cho Hyun-jun , Kosaka Yoko , Flynn Patrick A. , Byrd Kaelan H. , Coy Jesse L. , Newman Matthew T. , Pandita Ravina , Loo Christopher P. , Scott Jaime , Adey Andrew C. , Lind Evan F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients exhibit hallmarks of immune exhaustion, such as increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells, suppressive regulatory T cells and dysfunctional T cells. Similarly, we have identified the same immune-related features, including exhausted CD8+ T cells (TEx) in a mouse model of AML. Here we show that inhibitors that target bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins affect tumor-intrinsic factors but also rescue T cell exhaustion and ICB resistance. Ex vivo treatment of cells from AML mice and AML patients with BET inhibitors (BETi) reversed CD8+ T cell exhaustion by restoring proliferative capacity and expansion of the more functional precursor-exhausted T cells. This reversal was enhanced by combined BETi and anti-PD1 treatment. BETi synergized with anti-PD1 in vivo, resulting in the reduction of circulating leukemia cells, enrichment of CD8+ T cells in the bone marrow, and increase in expression of Tcf7, Slamf6, and Cxcr5 in CD8+ T cells. Finally, we profiled the epigenomes of in vivo JQ1-treated AML-derived CD8+ T cells by single-cell ATAC-seq and found that JQ1 increases Tcf7 accessibility specifically in Tex cells, suggesting that BETi likely acts mechanistically by relieving repression of progenitor programs in Tex CD8+ T cells and maintaining a pool of anti-PD1 responsive CD8+ T cells.
The complex clinical response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression: a network perspective
Authors: Boschloo Lynn , Hieronymus Fredrik , Lisinski Alexander , Cuijpers Pim , Eriksson Elias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe clinical response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in depression takes weeks to be fully developed and is still not entirely understood. This study aimed to determine the direct and indirect effects of SSRIs relative to a placebo control condition on clinical symptoms of depression. We included data of 8262 adult patients with major depression participating in 28 industry-sponsored US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) registered trials on the efficacy of SSRIs. Clinical symptoms of depression were assessed by the 17 separate items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Network estimation techniques showed that SSRIs had quick and strong direct effects on the two affective symptoms, i.e., depressed mood and psychic anxiety; direct effects on other symptoms were weak or absent. Substantial indirect effects were found for all four cognitive symptoms, which showed larger reductions in the SSRI condition but mainly in patients reporting larger reductions in depressed mood. Smaller indirect effects were found for two arousal/somatic symptoms via the direct effect on psychic anxiety. Both direct and indirect effects on sleep problems and most arousal/somatic symptoms were weak or absent. In conclusion, our study revealed that SSRIs primarily caused reductions in affective symptoms, which were related to reductions in mainly cognitive symptoms and some specific arousal/somatic symptoms. The results can contribute to disclosing the mechanisms of action of SSRIs, and has the potential to facilitate early detection of responders and non-responders in clinical practice.
Fecal microbiota transplantation improves VPA-induced ASD mice by modulating the serotonergic and glutamatergic synapse signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Jifeng , Cao Yuan , Hou Weiliang , Bi Dexi , Yin Fang , Gao Yaohui , Huang Dengfeng , Li Yingying , Cao Zhan , Yan Yinmei , Zhao Jianhua , Kong Dewu , Lv Xiaoqiong , Huang Linsheng , Zhong Hui , Wu Chunyan , Chen Qiyi , Yang Rong , Wei Qing , Qin Huanlong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral disorder diagnosed by social interaction difficulties, restricted verbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a safe and efficient strategy to adjust gut microbiota dysbiosis and improve ASD-related behavioral symptoms, but its regulatory mechanism is unknown. The impact of the microbiota and its functions on ASD development is urgently being investigated to develop new therapeutic strategies for ASD. We reconstituted the gut microbiota of a valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism mouse model through FMT and found that ASD is in part driven by specific gut dysbiosis and metabolite changes that are involved in the signaling of serotonergic synapse and glutamatergic synapse pathways, which might be associated with behavioral changes. Further analysis of the microbiota showed a profound decrease in the genera Bacteroides and Odoribacter, both of which likely contributed to the regulation of serotonergic and glutamatergic synapse metabolism in mice. The engraftment of Turicibacter and Alistipes was also positively correlated with the improvement in behavior after FMT. Our results suggested that successful transfer of the gut microbiota from healthy donors to ASD mice was sufficient to improve ASD-related behaviors. Modulation of gut dysbiosis by FMT could be an effective approach to improve ASD-related behaviors in patients.
DNA damage triggers squamous metaplasia in human lung and mammary cells via mitotic checkpoints
Authors: Juan Lucía San , Freije Ana , Sanz-Gómez Natalia , Jiménez-Matías Beatriz , Pleguezuelos-Manzano Cayetano , Sanz J. Ramón , de Diego Ernesto , Naranjo Sara , Clevers Hans , Gandarillas Alberto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEpithelial transdifferentiation is frequent in tissue hyperplasia and contributes to disease in various degrees. Squamous metaplasia (SQM) precedes epidermoid lung cancer, an aggressive and frequent malignancy, but it is rare in the epithelium of the mammary gland. The mechanisms leading to SQM in the lung have been very poorly investigated. We have studied this issue on human freshly isolated cells and organoids. Here we show that human lung or mammary cells strikingly undergo SQM with polyploidisation when they are exposed to genotoxic or mitotic drugs, such as Doxorubicin or the cigarette carcinogen DMBA, Nocodazole, Taxol or inhibitors of Aurora-B kinase or Polo-like kinase. To note, the epidermoid response was attenuated when DNA repair was enhanced by Enoxacin or when mitotic checkpoints where abrogated by inhibition of Chk1 and Chk2. The results show that DNA damage has the potential to drive SQM via mitotic checkpoints, thus providing novel molecular candidate targets to tackle lung SCC. Our findings might also explain why SCC is frequent in the lung, but not in the mammary gland and why chemotherapy often causes complicating skin toxicity.