bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet-albumin-bilirubin score – a risk stratification scoring system to predict outcome of acute variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Swarna Anupama , Ramamoorthy Murali , kini Ratnakar , Annasamy Chezhian , Kalyanasundaram Muthukumaran , Immaneni Shubha 
Published: July 2023

Background
Acute variceal bleed is a common complication of cirrhosis of liver. Up to 25% of patients with newly diagnosed varices will experience bleeding within 2 years. Of patients who have stopped bleeding, approximately one-third will rebleed within the next 6 weeks. Though scores like Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) predict the survival of upper gastrointestinal bleed, they have certain limitations in this regard. So, there is a need for reliable scoring system to assess the outcome of patients who had acute variceal bleed.

Aim
To evaluate the platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) score in predicting outcome of acute variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods
A total of 130 patients who presented to our institute with acute variceal bleed over a period of 1 year were analyzed. CTP, MELD Na and PALBI scores were calculated for these patients on admission and the outcome was compared in the form of 90-day rebleeding rates. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were calculated for this purpose.

Results
Mean age was 56 years; 80 were male (61.5%), 50 were female (38.5%), 62 CTP-A (47.7%), 53 CTP-B (40.8%), 15 CTP-C (11.5%); 63 PALBI 1 (48.5%), 23 PALBI 2 (17.8%), and 44 PALBI 3 (33.8%). 1 patient died in the due course of the study. The AUROC for predicting rebleeding was 0.732, 0.71 and 0.803 for CTP, MELD Na and PALBI scores, respectively.

Conclusion
PALBI score on admission is a good predictor of outcomes in cirrhotics with acute variceal bleed.
Incremental value of 99mTc-MIBI single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography fusion imaging for the diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Peng Ye , Pan Guixia , Zhao Bo , Zuo Changjing , Wang Yingqiu , Chen Rui 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
To assess the added value of 99mTc-MIBI single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) fusion imaging over dual-phase scintigraphy in the diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).

Methods
This retrospective study included 23 patients with SHPT. The diagnostic efficacy of 99mTc-MIBI dual-phase scintigraphy and SPECT/CT fusion imaging was analyzed and compared based on the result of postoperative pathology and follow-up. To evaluate the diagnostic ability of 99mTc-MIBI dual-phase scintigraphy, the volume and radioactive count of parathyroid lesions were assessed using the region of interest method.

Results
A total of 79 hyperplastic parathyroid glands and two thyroid tissues were surgically removed from 23 SHPT patients and 13 normal parathyroid glands were preserved. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion imaging showed higher sensitivity and accuracy than 99mTc-MIBI dual-phase scintigraphy [sensitivity, 77.2% (61/79) vs 46.8% (37/79); accuracy, 80.4% (74/92) vs 54.3% (50/92), respectively], but comparable specificity [100% (13/13)). Among 61 positive lesions detected by 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion imaging, 37 were dual-phase scintigraphy positive and 24 were dual-phase scintigraphy false negative. The radioactivity counts and radioactivity per unit volume in dual-phase scintigraphy positive were higher than that in dual-phase scintigraphy false negative (P < 0.05), but the volume of parathyroid lesions between the two groups had no significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Compared with 99mTc-MIBI dual-phase scintigraphy, 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion imaging has incremental value in the diagnosis of SHPT. The low uptake of MIBI in the whole gland and low MIBI uptake per unit volume are easy to cause dual-phase scintigraphy false negative.
Value of subspecialist second opinion reads of 18F-FDG PET-CT examinations for patients with breast cancer
Authors: Fardanesh Reza , Beavers Kimberly , Jochelson Maxine S. , Ulaner Gary A. 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
Determine if subspecialist second opinion review alters reporting of malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT for patients with breast cancer.

Methods
This IRB-approved retrospective study compared 248 s opinion reads of 18F-FDG PET/CT exams performed for patients with breast cancer against the original outside institution reports. Subspecialist reviews documented if malignant findings on the outside report were believed to be malignant and noted additional malignant findings not described on the outside report. Reference standard for malignancy or benignity was determined by pathology or follow-up imaging.

Results
Of 248 cases, 27 (11%) had discrepancies in the presence or absence of extra-axillary nodal or distant metastases. Of these 27, 14 (52%) had biopsy or imaging follow-up as a reference standard for malignancy/benignity. In cases with reference standard proof, the subspecialist second opinion review was correct in 13/14 (93%) of cases. This included eleven cases that the original report called malignant, but the subspecialist review called benign and subsequently proven to be benign; as well as two metastases called on subspecialist review, but not on the original report, and subsequently biopsy proven to be metastases. In one case, the second opinion read called a suspicious lesion that was biopsy proven to be benign.

Conclusion
Subspecialist review improves the accuracy of diagnosis for the presence or absence of malignancy on FDG PET/CT examinations in patients with breast cancer. This demonstrates the value of performing second opinion reads of 18F-FDG PET/CT studies in patients with breast cancer, particularly by subspecialist second opinion review reducing false positive reads.
A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Base-in Relieving Prism Spectacle Treatment for Intermittent Exotropia
Authors:   Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG)
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTSignificanceThis pilot randomized trial, the first to evaluate a specific base-in relieving prism treatment strategy for childhood intermittent exotropia, did not support proceeding to a full-scale clinical trial. Defining and measuring prism adaptation in children with intermittent exotropia is challenging and needs further study.PurposeDetermine whether to proceed to a full-scale trial of relieving base-in prism spectacles versus refractive correction alone for children with intermittent exotropia.MethodsChildren 3- to <13-years-old with distance intermittent exotropia control score of ≥2 points on the Intermittent Exotropia Office Control Scale1(0 = phoria to 5 = constant), ≥1 episode of spontaneous exotropia,16–35∆ by prism-and-alternate-cover test, who did not fully prism adapt on a 30-minute in-office prism-adaptation test were randomized to base-in relieving prism (40% of the larger of distance and near exodeviations) or non-prism spectacles for 8 weeks.A prioricriteria to conduct a full-scale trial were defined for the adjusted treatment group difference in mean distance control: “proceed” (≥ 0.75 points favoring prism), “uncertain” (> 0 to <0.75 points favoring prism), or “do not proceed" (≥ 0 points favoring non-prism).Results57 children (mean age 6.6 ± 2.2 years; mean baseline distance control 3.5 points) received prism (N = 28) or non-prism (N = 29) spectacles. At 8-weeks, mean control was 3.6 and 3.3 points in prism (N = 25) and non-prism (N = 25) groups, respectively; adjusted difference 0.3 points (95% confidence interval -0.5 to 1.1) favoring non-prism (meeting oura priori“do not proceed” criterion).ConclusionsBase-in prism spectacles, equal to 40% of the larger of the exodeviations at distance or near, worn for 8 weeks by 3- to 12-year-old children with intermittent exotropia did not yield better distance control than refractive correction alone, with the confidence interval indicating a favorable effect of 0.75 points or larger is unlikely. There was insufficient evidence to warrant a full-scale randomized trial.
Use of Tranexamic Acid in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy Reduces Rates of Postoperative Hematoma and Seroma
Authors: Rifkin William J. , Parker Augustus , Bluebond-Langner Rachel 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
The established safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in minimizing perioperative blood loss has led to increased interest within plastic surgery. Prior studies demonstrate decreased edema, ecchymosis, and reduced rates of postoperative collections with administration of TXA, however its use has not been reported in gender-affirming mastectomy. This represents the first study to evaluate the impact of TXA on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy.

METHODS:
A single-center cohort study was performed analyzing all consecutive patients undergoing top surgery with the senior author between February 2017 and October 2022. Beginning in June 2021, all patients received 1000 mg intravenous TXA prior to incision and 1000 mg at the conclusion of the procedure. Patients were stratified according to intraoperative administration of TXA, with demographics, surgical characteristics, and postoperative outcomes compared between groups.

RESULTS:
A total of 851 patients underwent gender-affirming mastectomy. Of these, 646 cases were performed without TXA, while 205 patients received intravenous TXA intraoperatively as above. Patients who received TXA had significantly lower rates of seroma (20.5% vs. 33.0%; p<0.001), and hematoma (0.5% vs. 5.7%; p=0.002). There was no difference in rates of surgical site infection (p=0.74), and use of TXA was not associated with increased rates of venous thromboembolism (p=0.42).

CONCLUSIONS:
Intraoperative administration of TXA in patients undergoing top surgery may safely reduce the risk of postoperative seroma and hematoma without increased risk of thromboembolic events. Additional data collection and prospective studies are warranted to corroborate these findings.
Maxillary Sinus Volume in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate by CBCT
Authors: Yassaei Soghra , Ezodini Fatemeh , Shiri Armin , Nasr Nazanin 
Published: July 2023

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies, which can change the morphology of the skull, face, and maxillary sinus due to the disruption in the fusion of palatal shelves. This study aimed to investigate the volume and dimensions of the maxillary sinus in unilateral CLP patients along with comparing the healthy and affected sides. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 27 cone-beam computed tomography stereotypes (14 male and 13 female) of patients with unilateral CLP. Maxillary sinuses were traced separately on each side and analyzed by OnDemand3D software in a separate room with low light. The height and base area of the maxillary sinuses were measured on each side. After dividing each sinus into smaller pyramids, the volume of the sinus was obtained using the partial frustum model method and analyzed by paired t test. There was no significant difference between cleft and noncleft sides in terms of mean volume and height of the sinus (P > 0.05). The average area of the sinus base on the cleft side was 32.77 mm2 more than the noncleft side, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.027). The mean upper maxillary sinus volume on the cleft side was 541.62 mm3 larger than the noncleft side, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.075). Considering the age groups, the average upper sinus volume on the cleft side in patients under 20 years old was 4.66 mm3 less than the noncleft side. In the age group of more than 20 years, the average volume of the upper sinus on the cleft side was 978.66 mm3 more than the noncleft side. The mean volume of the lower sinus on the cleft side was 505.92 mm3 lower than the noncleft side, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.010). The average area of the sinus base of the cleft side was significantly higher than the noncleft side. Also, the lower sinus volume of the cleft side was significantly lower than the noncleft side. However, no significant difference was observed in upper sinus volume between the cleft and noncleft sides.
Caring for people in prison with palliative and end-of-life care needs
Authors: McParland Chris , Johnston Bridget , Ouwehand Isa E.I. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
The prison population is growing and ageing, and many people will die from natural causes while incarcerated. This article provides a contemporary review of key issues related to palliative and end-of-life care in prisons.

Recent findings
Few countries have integrated prison hospices. Palliative care needs may go unrecognised in prison. Older offenders may not trust the prison to care for them and may benefit from segregation. Cancer remains a major cause of death. Training staff remains a priority, and technology can help facilitate this. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a significant impact on prisons, less is known about its impact on palliative care. Compassionate release is underutilised, and the issue of medically assisted dying adds complexity to decisions around end-of-life care. Peer carers can provide reliable symptom assessment. Family members are often absent when someone dies in prison.

Summary
Palliative and end-of-life care in prisons requires a joined-up approach, and staff must understand the challenges of both this and custodial care in general. The relational network both inside and outside of the prison should be involved, and when possible and appropriate, we should consider alternatives to dying whilst incarcerated, such as compassionate release.
Cortical Origin of Theta Error Signals
Authors: Herrera Beatriz , Sajad Amirsaman , Errington Steven P. , Schall Jeffrey D. , Riera Jorge J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA multi-scale approach elucidated the origin of the error-related-negativity (ERN), with its associated theta-rhythm, and the post-error-positivity (Pe) in macaque supplementary eye field (SEF). Using biophysical modeling, synaptic inputs to layer-3 (L3) and layer-5 (L5) pyramidal cells (PCs) were optimized to account for error-related modulation and inter-spike intervals. The intrinsic dynamics of dendrites in L5 but not L3 PCs generate theta rhythmicity with random phase. Saccades synchronized the phase of this theta-rhythm, which was magnified on errors. Contributions from L5 PCs to the laminar current source density (CSD) observed in SEF were negligible. The CSD derived from L3 PCs could not explain the observed association between their error-related spiking modulation and scalp-EEG. Laminar CSD comprises multipolar components, with dipoles explaining ERN features, and quadrupoles reproducing those for Pe. The presence of monopoles indicates diffuse activation. These results provide the most advanced explanation of the cellular mechanisms generating the ERN.
PSite: inference of read-specific P-site offsets for ribosomal footprints
Authors: Chang Yue , Lei Tianyu , Zhang Hong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSummaryRibosome profiling is a powerful method for global survey of ribosomal footprints. Inferring the offsets of footprint 5’ ends to the ribosomal P-site is essential to pinpoint codons translated by ribosomes. By convention, global or read length-specific P-site offsets are estimated by inspecting the distribution of ribosome footprints around the annotated start or stop codons. However, actual offsets might be different even for footprints of the same length due to the influence of sequence context and the cutting bias of endoribonucleases. To address this issue, we present PSite, a python package for inferring read-specific P-site offsets using a gradient boosting trees model. PSite assigned more reads to the correct reading frame than conventional methods and improved the prediction of translated ORFs by existing software. Besides, PSite is robust to ribosome profiling datasets of varying quality or using endonucleases with cutting bias for digestion.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/gxelab/psite.Contacthong_zhang@lzu.edu.cn.
Inflammatory and neurodegenerative serum protein biomarkers increase sensitivity to detect disease activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chitnis Tanuja , Qureshi Ferhan , Gehman Victor M. , Becich Michael , Bove Riley , Cree Bruce A. C. , Gomez Refujia , Hauser Stephen L. , Henry Roland G. , Katrib Amal , Lokhande Hrishikesh , Paul Anu , Caillier Stacy J. , Santaniello Adam , Sattarnezhad Neda , Saxena Shrishti , Weiner Howard , Yano Hajime , Baranzini Sergio E. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesSerum proteomic analysis of deeply-phenotyped samples, biological pathway modeling and network analysis were performed to elucidate the inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes of multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify sensitive biomarkers of MS disease activity (DA).MethodsOver 1100 serum proteins were evaluated in >600 samples from three MS cohorts to identify biomarkers of clinical and radiographic (gadolinium-enhancing lesions) new MS DA. Protein levels were analyzed and associated with presence of gadolinium-enhancing lesions, clinical relapse status (CRS), and annualized relapse rate (ARR) to create a custom assay panel.ResultsTwenty proteins were associated with increased clinical and radiographic MS DA. Serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) showed the strongest univariate correlation with radiographic and clinical DA measures. Multivariate modeling significantly outperformed univariate NfL to predict gadolinium lesion activity, CRS and ARR.DiscussionThese findings provide insight regarding correlations between inflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers and clinical and radiographic MS DA.FundingOctave Bioscience, Inc (Menlo Park, CA).
Macrophages sense ECM mechanics and growth factor availability through cytoskeletal remodeling to regulate their tissue repair program
Authors: Meizlish Matthew L. , Kimura Yoshitaka , Pope Scott D. , Matta Rita , Kim Catherine , Philip Naomi , Meyaard Linde , Gonzalez Anjelica , Medzhitov Ruslan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTissue resident macrophages play important roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. However, how macrophages monitor and maintain tissue integrity is not well understood. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key structural and organizational component of all tissues. Here, we find that macrophages sense the mechanical properties of the ECM in order to regulate a specific tissue repair program. We show that macrophage mechanosensing is mediated by cytoskeletal remodeling and can be performed in three-dimensional environments through a non-canonical, integrin-independent mechanism analogous to amoeboid migration. We find that these cytoskeletal dynamics also integrate biochemical signaling by CSF1 and ultimately regulate chromatin accessibility to control the mechanosensitive gene expression program. This study suggests a distinct mode of ECM mechanosensing and growth factor signaling through which macrophages may regulate tissue repair and fibrosis.
Cardiology researchers’ practices and perceived barriers to open science: an international survey
Authors: Cobey Kelly D , Alayche Mohsen , Saba Sara , Barnes Nana Yaa , Ebrahimzadeh Sanam , Alarcon Emilio , Hibbert Benjamin , Moher David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundOpen science is a movement and set of practices to conduct research more transparently. Implementing open science will significantly improve public access and supports equity. It also has the potential to foster innovation and reduce duplication through data and materials sharing. Here, we survey an international group of researchers publishing in cardiovascular journals regarding their perceptions and practices related to open science.MethodsWe identified the top 100 “Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine” subject category journals from the SCImago journal ranking platform. This is a publicly available portal that draws from Scopus. We then extracted the corresponding author’s name and e-mail from all articles published in these journals between March 1, 2021 - March 1, 2022. Participants were sent a purpose-built survey about open science. The survey contained primarily multiple choice and scale-based questions for which we report count data and percentages. For the few text-based responses we conducted thematic content analysis.Results198 participants responded to our survey. Participants had a mean response of 6.8 (N=197, SD=1.8) on a 9-point scale with endpoints, not at all familiar (1) and extremely familiar (9), when indicating how familiar they were with open science. When asked about where they obtained open science training, most participants indicated this was done on the job self-initiated while conducting research (n=103, 52%), or that they had no formal training with respect to open science (n=72, 36%). More than half of the participants indicated they would benefit from practical support from their institution on how to perform open science practices (N=106, 54%). A diversity of barriers to each of the open science practices presented to participants were acknowledged. Participants indicated that funding was the most essential incentive to adopt open science.DiscussionIt is clear that policy alone will not lead to the effective implementation of open science. This survey serves as a baseline for the cardiovascular research community’s open science performance and perception and can be used to inform future interventions and monitoring.
Hierarchical Classification of Insects with Multitask Learning and Anomaly Detection
Authors: Bjerge Kim , Geissmann Quentin , Alison Jamie , Mann Hjalte M. R. , Høye Toke T. , Dyrmann Mads , Karstoft Henrik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCameras and computer vision are revolutionising the study of insects, creating new research opportunities within agriculture, epidemiology, evolution, ecology and monitoring of biodiversity. However, a major challenge is the diversity of insects and close resemblances of many species combined with computer vision are often not sufficient to classify large numbers of insect species, which sometimes cannot be identified at the species level. Here, we present an algorithm to hierarchically classify insects from images, leveraging a simple taxonomy to (1) classify specimens across multiple taxonomic ranks simultaneously, and (2) highlight the lowest rank at which a reliable classification can be reached. Specifically, we propose multitask learning, a loss function incorporating class dependency at each taxonomic rank, and anomaly detection based on outlier analysis for quantification of uncertainty. First, we compile a dataset of 41,731 images of insects, combining images from time-lapse monitoring of floral scenes with images from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Second, we adapt state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks, ResNet and EfficientNet, for the hierarchical classification of insects belonging to three orders, five families and nine species. Third, we assess model generalization for 11 species unseen by the trained models. Here, anomaly detection is used to predict the higher rank of the species not present in the training set. We found that incorporating a simple taxonomy into our model increased accuracy at higher taxonomic ranks. As expected, our algorithm correctly classified new insect species at higher taxonomic ranks, while classification was uncertain at lower taxonomic ranks. Anomaly detection can effectively flag novel taxa that are visually distinct from species in the training data. However, five novel taxa were consistently mistaken for visually similar species in the training data. Above all, we have demonstrated a practical approach to hierarchical classification based on species taxonomy and uncertainty during automatedin situmonitoring of live insects. Our method is simple and versatile and could be implemented to classify a wide range of insects as well as other organisms.