bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse T lymphocytes proliferative responses specific for human MHC products in mouse anti-human xenogeneic MLR.
Authors: Yoshizawa K , Yano A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been reported that human T cells recognize the polymorphism of murine Ia antigens in the human anti-mouse xenogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). In this study, murine T cell recognition of human Class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was analyzed in mouse anti-human xenogeneic MLR responses. The xenoreactive murine T cell proliferative response was blocked by adding anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody to the xenogeneic MLR culture. The specificity of xenoreactive murine T cells was examined with regard to the secondary and tertiary xenogeneic MLR system. The xenoreactive murine T cells were restimulated by distinct human stimulator cells that had no shared HLA antigens with the stimulator used in the primary MLR. The data presented here show that the murine xenoreactive T cells recognize the shared determinant(s) of HLA-DR antigen on non-T, non-B stimulator cells. The xenoreactive murine T cell proliferative responses were mediated by Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, and Lyt-2- cells. Furthermore, the xenoreactive T cell responses required Ia+ cells, and Ia antigen on accessory cells plays a crucial role in eliciting the xenoreactive responses against human stimulator cells, while Ia+ accessory cells in the responding cell population are not essential for the elicitation of allogeneic MLR responses, as reported previously.
Differential expression of cell activation markers after stimulation of resting human B lymphocytes.
Authors: Kehrl J H , Muraguchi A , Fauci A S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The interaction of antigen with surface Ig receptors initiates a complex process by which resting B lymphocytes are activated. In this study, small resting B lymphocytes were isolated by countercurrent elutriation of tonsillar B lymphocytes and stimulated with a range of concentrations of anti-mu and B cell growth factor (BCGF). The subsequent expression of two glycoproteins known to be absent from resting B lymphocytes but present on activated cells were analyzed with the monoclonal antibodies 4F2 and 5E9. The antigen recognized by the 4F2 monoclonal was expressed early in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and correlated with blast transformation; this was demonstrated by stimulating resting B cells with a low concentration of anti-mu sufficient for cellular activation but not proliferation. The 5E9-defined antigen was not present unless the B cells were stimulated with a higher concentration of anti-mu or a BCGF was added to the low concentration of anti-mu. The addition of hydroxyurea to culture blocked the entrance of stimulated B cells into S phase but did not interfere with the expression of either 4F2 or 5E9. Thus, whereas the monoclonal antibody 4F2 recognized cells in early G1, 5E9 recognized cells in late G1. By double immunofluorescence staining with propidium iodide and either 4F2 or 5E9, all cells in S, G2, and M phases were demonstrated to be both 4F2- and 5E9-positive. The monoclonal antibodies 4F2 and 5E9 can be used to distinguish an activated from a resting human B lymphocyte and to delineate sequential steps in the activation process.
Characterization of mouse and human monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with SLE serum antibodies to guanosine.
Authors: Weisbart R H , Chan G , Kacena A , Saxton R E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two new monoclonal antibodies, one a mouse IgM and the other a human IgM that reacted with guanosine, were compared to human serum antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The human monoclonal antibody was polyspecific in its binding to the nucleoside bases, whereas the mouse monoclonal antibody was relatively specific for guanosine when compared by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Neither antibody bound polyguanylic acid or denatured single-stranded (ss) DNA, however. Serum IgG antibodies from seven patients with SLE cross-reacted with the mouse monoclonal antibody and showed considerable specificity for guanosine. In contrast, the human serum IgG antiguanosine antibodies also bound ssDNA but not dsDNA or polyguanylic acid. Serum IgG antibodies to guanosine measured by ELISA from the seven SLE patients had a decreased response when compared to the total serum IgG response to ssDNA, and most of the antibodies that bound guanosine also bound ssDNA. These studies provide new evidence that there are specific IgG antibodies to guanosine in SLE sera that are a small fraction of the antibodies to ssDNA. Further efforts to define the role of these guanosine antibodies in SLE may provide a better understanding of the basic mechanisms responsible for the development of SLE in man.
Secretion of interleukin 2, macrophage-activating factor, interferon, and colony-stimulating factor by alloreactive T lymphocyte clones.
Authors: Kelso A , Glasebrook A L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sixty-four murine alloreactive, cytolytic and noncytolytic , T lymphocyte clones were tested for the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2), macrophage-activating factor (MAF), interferon (IFN), and colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Approximately 90% of both cytolytic and noncytolytic clones secreted MAF and IFN upon antigen or mitogen stimulation. IL 2, in contrast, was only released in detectable amounts by 50% of noncytolytic clones and 50% of a subclass of cytolytic clones in which the proliferation was independent of exogenous IL 2 ("antigen-driven" clones); IL 2-dependent cytolytic clones did not release measurable IL 2. CSF was secreted by approximately 90% of noncytolytic and IL 2-independent cytolytic clones and 40% of IL 2-dependent cytolytic clones. The analysis reported here revealed a strong quantitative correlation between the titers of MAF and IFN released by the clones, suggesting that these two assays may measure the same lymphokine. Although the other activities measured were not directly correlated, a broad association was noted between IL 2 secretion and the production of high titers of MAF, IFN, and CSF. Thus, noncytolytic and IL 2-independent cytolytic clones on average released significantly higher titers of these factors than IL 2-dependent cytolytic clones.
Isolation and characterization of B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) secreted from a human B lymphoblastoid cell line.
Authors: Yoshizaki K , Nakagawa T , Fukunaga K , Tseng L T , Yamamura Y , Kishimoto T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A subclone of a human B lymphoblastoid cell line, CESS-2, spontaneously secreted a kind of BCDF (B-BCDF) in their culture supernatant without any stimulation. B-BCDF induced IgG and IgM secretions in human B lymphoblastoid cell lines, CESS cells and CL-4 cells, respectively. BCDF-responsive CESS cells expressed IgG on their surface, whereas CESS-2, which were able to secrete B-BCDF, did not express surface IgG. B-BCDF could induce Ig-secretion in SAC-stimulated low density peripheral B cells, but did not induce Ig secretion in nonstimulated B cells. B-BCDF did not show any IL 2, BCGF, or gamma-interferon activities. B-BCDF was highly purified by gel filtration on an AcA-34 column, by chromatofocusing and ion exchange chromatography on an HPLC system, and by gel filtration on an HPLC column. Highly purified preparations showed a single protein band in SDS-PAGE analysis. The m.w. and isoelectric points of the factor were 20,000 and pH 5.1 to 5.2, respectively. The minimum protein amount required for Ig induction in B cell lines was 16 ng/ml.
Changes in conformation with loss of alloantigenic determinants of a histocompatibility antigen (HLA-B7) induced by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Parham P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two conformations of HLA-B7 have been characterized. In one conformation B7 has epitopes that are: specific to B7, shared with B27, shared with B40, and common to many HLA-B locus products. In the second conformation the B7-specific and B7/B27 cross-reactive epitopes are effectively lost and an additional epitope that is shared with B40 has been acquired. The conformation of papain-solubilized and cell surface B7 can be reversibly changed by monoclonal antibodies against the appropriate epitopes. Antibody bivalency is not an important factor in these changes. In the second conformation B7 is antigenically indistinguishable from B40. It is suggested that conformational changes of this magnitude could contribute to the adaptability of histocompatibility antigens in forming functional complexes with many pairs of T cell receptors and foreign antigens.
Characterization of human interleukin 2 receptor (Tac antigen) in normal and leukemic T cells: co-expression of normal and aberrant receptors on Hut-102 cells.
Authors: Wano Y , Uchiyama T , Fukui K , Maeda M , Uchino H , Yodoi J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human interleukin 2 receptors ( IL2R ) from various cell sources such as mitogen-activated normal human T cells, adult T cell leukemia (ATL)-derived cell line cells (MT-1, ATL-6, Hut-102), and a natural killer-like cell line YT cells, were studied both by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), with a monoclonal anti- IL2R antibody (anti-Tac). In synthetic labeling with [35S]methionine, anti-Tac specifically precipitated two glycoproteins, one with m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 and pI 4.2 to 4.7, and the other with m.w. about 40,000 and pI 6.2 to 6.5. A study of surface iodination revealed that the former component was membrane-associated mature IL2R , and a pulse-chase study showed that the latter component was a precursor for IL2R that already possessed tunicamycin-sensitive N-linked sugar side chain(s). This precursor was found to be posttranslationally processed into mature IL2R by further glycosylation within 240 min. Among the cells studied, a human T cell leukemia virus-positive leukemic cell line, Hut-102, was distinctive in that it possessed an additional membrane glycoprotein (m.w. 55,000 to 60,000, pI 4.2 to 5.0) also defined by anti-Tac. This unique glycoprotein of Hut-102 cells appeared to be an aberrant IL2R .
In situ identification of cells in human leprosy granulomas with monoclonal antibodies to interleukin 2 and its receptor.
Authors: Modlin R L , Hofman F M , Horwitz D A , Husmann L A , Gillis S , Taylor C R , Rea T H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease with an immunologic spectrum in which lepromatous leprosy patients have defective cell-mediated immune responses, in comparison to tuberculoid leprosy patients. Immunoregulatory aspects of this spectrum were investigated by using monoclonal antibodies to interleukin 2 (IL 2), IL 2 receptors (Tac), and T lymphocyte subpopulations with immunoperoxidase techniques on frozen sections of skin biopsy specimens from 10 tuberculoid and 10 lepromatous patients. A comparison of IL 2+ cells revealed markedly fewer IL 2+ cells in lepromatous specimens (lep. 0.028% +/- 0.02 vs tub. 0.46% +/- 0.28, p less than 0.001). These IL 2+ cells were large, exhibited cytoplasmic staining, and on double immunostaining were Leu-4+, Leu-3a+, Leu-2a-, Tac-, and OKT6-, consistent with the fact they are IL 2 producers. Equivalent numbers of Tac+ cells were observed in both lepromatous and tuberculoid granulomas (lep. 1.5% +/- 0.5 vs tub. 2.1% +/- 0.7, p, NS), suggesting that the responder cells are present in both conditions. The tuberculoid granuloma was highly organized, composed of a central core of mature macrophages, Leu-3a+ and Tac+ cells with a surrounding mantle of Leu-2a+, Leu-3a+, IL 2+, Tac+, and OKT6+ cells. In lepromatous granulomas, Leu-2a+, Leu-3a+, Tac+, and rare IL 2+ cells were randomly admixed with bacilli-laden macrophages. The defective cell-mediated immune responses in lepromatous leprosy appears to be associated with diminished IL 2 production and disorganization of the granuloma.
Analysis of mRNA coding for blood-stage antigens of a rodent malarial parasite, Plasmodium yoelii: mRNA coding for a possible protective antigen purify as poly A-.
Authors: Vaidya A B , Schleif W A , Majarian W R , Daly T M , Taylor D W , Long C A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have analyzed mRNA coding for blood-stage antigens of Plasmodium yoelii by using cellfree translation of poly A+ and poly A- RNA in conjunction with immunoprecipitations. Most of the antigens recognized by mouse hyperimmune serum to P. yoelii were coded by poly A+ mRNA ranging in size from 15S to 28S. However, certain P. yoelii antigens, notably those with m.w. greater than 150 kilodaltons (kd), were coded by mRNA that purified as being poly A-. Antigens recognized by a protective monoclonal antibody (McAb) were coded by such operationally poly A- RNA. Three polypeptides apparently coded by different poly A- RNA were immunoprecipitated by this McAb. With the use of another McAb, a poly A+ mRNA of about 19S was identified as coding for a polypeptide of 46 kd synthesized in cellfree translation reactions. The same McAb recognized a 34 kd polypeptide in metabolically labeled polypeptides of P. yoelii. This antigen appeared to be processed in vivo but not in vitro. The observation that some mRNA of P. yoelii purify as being poly A- has significant implications for the construction of cDNA libraries that employ poly A+ mRNA of malarial parasites: if it applies to other species of plasmodia, some potentially important operationally poly A- mRNA may not be represented in such libraries.
Purification of a glycoprotein bearing a tumor transplantation antigen specific for Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher MuLV-induced tumors.
Authors: Rogers M J , Galetto G , Hearing V J , Siwarski D F , Law L W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A 175,000 dalton glycoprotein bearing a tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) has been isolated from a Rauscher-MuLV-induced leukemia (RBL-5). The glycoprotein has the properties expected for a Friend, Moloney, or Rauscher-MuLV-induced TATA: 1) It is synthesized by RBL-5 cells and is expressed on the cell surface. 2) When inoculated into mice, it provides complete protection against challenge with RBL-5 cells at doses of 1 microgram or less. 3) The same protein, isolated from a Moloney-MuLV-induced leukemia, also protects mice against challenge with RBL-5. A similar glycoprotein is expressed on other tumor cells and on normal cells that do not express a TATA cross-reactive with RBL-5. Therefore, the immunogenicity of this molecule cannot be principally accounted for by either its unique or elevated expression on RBL-5 cells. A model is presented that accounts for these properties of the RBL-5 TATA. In addition, two other features of the RBL-5 TATA are discussed; an apparent abrogation of immunity seen only with certain doses of antigen, and a loss of the inherent immunogenicity of gp175 during purification.
The role of T3 surface molecules in the activation of human T cells: a two-stimulus requirement for IL 2 production reflects events occurring at a pre-translational level.
Authors: Weiss A , Wiskocil R L , Stobo J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The human T cell leukemia Jurkat was used as a model to examine the requirements of T cell activation. These studies demonstrated that antibodies reactive with the T cell-specific T3 antigen were insufficient to result in the activation of Jurkat cells, determined by the secretion of IL 2. IL 2 production occurred only in the presence of a second stimulus, the phorbol ester PMA. With the use of an IL 2-specific cDNA probe, the appearance of IL 2 RNA, similarly, occurred only when cells were stimulated with both anti-T3 antibodies and PMA. These results demonstrate a two-stimulus requirement for gene expression in human T cells.
Recognition of H-2Kb mutant target cells by Moloney virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from bm13 (H-2Db mutant) mice. I. Full recognition of Kbm11 by Kb-restricted CTL.
Authors: Stukart M J , Boes J , Melief C J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) mice, the secondary in vitro CTL response against Moloney leukemia virus is restricted and regulated by the H-2Db locus. B6.C-H- 2bm13 ( bm13 ) mice, however, carrying a mutation at the Db locus, show an increased H-2Kb-restricted CTL response without a demonstrable CTL component restricted by the mutant Dbm13 molecule (D----K shift). These purely Kb-restricted bm13 virus-specific CTL were incubated with a series of Kb mutant virus-infected target cells to study the effect of the mutations at the target cell level. Of six Kb-mutant virus-infected target cells tested, bm1 cells were not recognized and bm8 cells were recognized only marginally by bm13 virus-specific CTL, whereas bm3 , bm5 , bm6 , and bm11 cells were fully recognized. Thus, the bm3 , bm5 , bm6 , and bm11 Kb mutants fully share the relevant H-2K restriction specificities with H-2Kb, whereas the bm1 mutant totally and the bm8 mutant almost completely lack these specificities. This result differs markedly from the restriction site relationships among B6 and these Kb mutants in other antigenic systems. The most striking example concerns the bm11 mutant, which is fully recognized by Moloney-specific CTL, but not at all by Sendai, minor H (H-3.1, H-4.2), and sulfhydryl hapten-specific CTL. Monoclonal anti-H-2Kb antibody B8-3-24 inhibited virus-specific lysis by bm13 CTL of all Kb virus-infected mutant target cells to which this antibody binds. Lysis of bm5 and bm11 but not of bm3 target cells was inhibited, in line with the fact that B8-3-24 antibody does not bind bm3 . On the other hand, not only bm5 and bm11 but also bm3 virus-infected target cells blocked virus-specific lysis to the same extent as syngeneic bm13 target cells. Therefore, bm13 virus-specific CTL populations do not recognize the discrete cluster alteration in the Kbm3 molecule, as identified by antibody B8-3-24. The bm1 and the bm8 mutations, which have structural alterations in completely different sites of the Kb molecule, show complete or almost complete loss, respectively, of Kb-Moloney restriction sites. This finding supports the notion that these virus-specific CTL recognize conformational determinants rather than linear amino acid sequences.
Induction of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin by anti-idiotypic antibodies.
Authors: Zanetti M , Rogers J , Katz D H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We report on the induction of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (Tg) and idiotype-positive molecules (Id') in naive BALB/c mice and Buffalo (BUF) rats after immunization with affinity-purified rabbit anti-Id antibodies directed against the Id of a mouse monoclonal antibody ( mAb62 ) specific for a hormone-containing epitope of Tg. Autoantibodies to Tg were produced in about one-half of anti-Id immunized mice, whereas Id' was detected in all but one mouse. Autoantibodies to Tg and Id' were not produced in control mice similarly immunized with non-anti-Id Ig. To clarify the relationship between molecules with Tg-binding activity and those referred to as Id', Tg-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated from an anti-Id-immunized mouse. By competitive inhibition experiments, we could determine that they were idiotypically very similar to the monoclonal antibody ( mAb62 ) at the origin of the immunologic cascade. Thus, autoantibodies induced by anti-idiotypic immunization alone are likely to be of the Ab1' type. Similarly, autoantibody to Tg and Id' molecules were induced in young normal rats of the autoimmune-prone BUF strain. Together, these results suggest that antibodies to Id directed against autoantigens are sufficient per se to activate self-reactivity.
Interleukin 3 augments the murine primary cytolytic T lymphocyte response to allogeneic tumor cells.
Authors: Curtsinger J M , Fan D P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The primary anti-H-2k allospecific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response by BALB/c (H-2d) spleen cells in vitro to x-irradiated RDM4 (H-2k) tumor cells is weak. This response has been shown to be augmented by CTL helper factor (CHF), a factor present in supernatants of spleen cells cultured with Sendai virus (SC-CM). Conditioned medium from WEHI-3 cells (WEHI-CM) also contains activity that augments the BALB/c anti- RDM4 CTL response. Attempts to separate the CHF activity from interleukin 3 (IL 3), also present in WEHI-CM, were unsuccessful. Purified IL 3 was then tested, and was found to increase the BALB/c anti- RDM4 CTL response by five- to 10-fold. IL 3 is apparently the only material in WEHI-CM that is active in this assay. The response is apparently a classical CTL response because: 1) the effector cells are sensitive to monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody plus C; 2) the response is dependent on antigen stimulation, and it peaks on day 5 or 6 of culture; and 3) the effector cells are specific for H-2k targets. IL 3 must be added very early during the in vitro culture period for maximal augmentation of the response, consistent with possible action of IL 3 as a differentiation factor.
Differences in lymphocyte responsiveness to lymphokines in two inbred strains of Syrian hamster.
Authors: Wright K E , Clark D A , Rawls W E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two inbred strains of Syrian hamster have been shown to display differences in splenic NK cell activity both endogenously and after infection with Pichinde virus. On further investigation of these differences, it was found that the spleens and thymuses of the high NK strain, MHA, displayed greater cellularity than those of the low NK strain, LSH. Additionally, thymocytes from MHA hamsters were found to proliferate to a greater extent than those of LSH hamsters in response to Con A-induced conditioned medium plus lectin. Splenocytes from MHA hamsters showed high levels of lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) activity after culture in conditioned medium, in contrast to LSH splenocytes cultured under the same conditions. By limiting dilution analysis, spleens from MHA hamsters were found to contain a greater frequency of LAK precursors than those from LSH hamsters. The data suggest that the relative concentrations of lymphopoietic cells is genetically determined.