bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Hand and Wrist Fractures in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: An Analysis of Incidence, Patient-specific Risk Factors, and Fracture-specific Characteristics
Authors: Chhabra Barkha N. , Phillips Todd , Mitchell Thomas W. , Gattu Nikhil , Ezeokoli Ekene U. , Bell Bryce 
Published: June 2023

Background:Children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) frequently present with fractures; however, hand and wrist fractures (HWFs), those distal to the radial and ulnar diaphysis, are seldom observed. Yet, HWFs remain among the most common fractures in children with non-OI. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence of OI HWFs. Secondary objectives aimed at identifying patient-specific risk factors for HWFs in OI and comparing clinical courses to non-OI HWFs.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Database query by ICD-10 codes identified 18 patients with OI HWF, 451 patients with OI without HWFs, and 26,183 patients with non-OI HWF. Power analysis estimated appropriate sample sizes and random sampling was utilized to collect patients. Patient demographics, OI-specific variables, fracture morphology, and fracture clinical courses were recorded. Data were analyzed for patient-specific and fracture-specific factors affecting OI HWF incidence.Results:Of patients with OI, 3.8% (18/469) sustained HWFs. Patients with OI HWF were significantly older than patients with OI without HWFs (P= 0.002) with no differences in height, weight, ethnicity, sex, or ambulatory status. Compared with non-OI HWFs, patients with OI HWF were significantly shorter (P< 0.001), weighed less (P= 0.002), and were less likely to be ambulatory (P< 0.001). OI HWFs were more commonly on the side of hand dominance (P< 0.001) with transverse patterns (P= 0.001). OI HWFs were less frequent in the thumb (P= 0.048) and trended towards significance in the metacarpals (P= 0.054). All OI HWFs were treated nonoperatively with similar union rates and refracture rates to non-OI HWFs. Multivariate regression showed that older patient age (odds ratio: 1.079, 95% CI: 1.005,1.159,P= 0.037) and OI type I (odds ratio: 5.535, 95% CI: 1.069, 26.795,P= 0.041) were significant prognosticators for HWFs in patients with OI.Conclusion:OI HWFs are uncommon (3.8%, 18/469) but specific HWF morphologies and locations are more common in patients with OI; however, these are not pathognomonic. Older patients with mild penetrance of type I OI are at the highest risk for HWFs. OI HWFs do well when managed nonoperatively with noninferior clinical courses compared with non-OI HWFs.Level of Evidence:Level III.
Periocular Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: A Case Report and a Major Review
Authors: Cheung Jesse , Rabinowitz Michael P. , Tuluc Madalina , Milman Tatyana 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To describe a patient with periocular microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) and to review the clinical presentation, systemic work-up, histopathologic features, and outcome of all previously reported periocular MAC.

Methods:
A major literature review. PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases were searched for all well-documented cases of periocular MAC.

Results:
The final analysis yielded 93 patients with MAC, 48 (52%) females, 39 (42%) males, and 6 with sex not specified (6%) with an average age of 56 years (range 3 days–95 years). Most tumors were localized to the eyebrow (26/93, 28%) and lower eyelid (20/93, 22%). Of patients with known information, MAC most commonly presented as a nodule (37/68, 54%) or plaque (20/68, 29%) with poorly-defined margins (20/51, 39%) and distortion of eyelid margin (13/51, 25%). Orbital involvement at any point of the disease course was seen in 20 of 93 (22%) patients. An accurate histopathologic diagnosis on initial biopsy was made in 25 of 70 (36%) cases. Initial management included surgical excision (47/93, 51%), Mohs micrographic surgery (17/93, 18%), and excision with frozen section control of margins (8/93, 9%). Aggressive or recurrent MAC was managed with multimodal therapies, including adjuvant radiation (10/34, 29%). The average follow-up after the last treatment was 3 years (median 2, range 0.2–20 years). In total, 33 of 86 (38%) tumors recurred, and 6 of 87 (7%) metastasized. Disease-related mortality occurred in 3 of 79 (4%) of patients.

Conclusions:
Periocular MAC is frequently misdiagnosed on initial biopsy and has a tendency for recurrence and locally aggressive behavior, highlighting the importance of accurate timely diagnosis, and appropriate management.
DETERMINANTS OF PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS CASCADE AMONG SEXUAL AND GENDER MINORITIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: RAMADHANI Habib O. , CROWELL Trevor A. , NOWAK Rebecca G. , ADEBAJO Sylvia , KAYODE Blessing O. , ONONAKU Uchenna , BARAL Stefan D. , NDEMBI Nicaise , CHARURAT Man E. ,   for the TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among sexual and gender minorities (SGM). We evaluated characteristics associated with engagement in seven steps of the PrEP cascade among SGM in Nigeria.

Methods
SGM without HIV from the Abuja site of TRUST/RV368 cohort who were surveyed on awareness of and willingness to use PrEP were approached for PrEP initiation upon availability of oral daily PrEP. To understand gaps in the uptake of oral daily PrEP, we categorized the HIV PrEP cascade as (i) education about PrEP, (ii) interest in PrEP, (iii) successful contact, (iv) appointment scheduled, (v) appointment attendance, (vi) PrEP initiation, and (vii) plasma protective levels of tenofovir (TDF). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with each of the seven steps in the HIV PrEP cascade.

Results
Of 788 participants, 718 (91.1%) showed interest in taking oral daily PrEP every day and/or after a sexual act, 542 (68.8%) were successfully contacted, 433 (54.9%) scheduled an appointment, 409 (51.9%) attended a scheduled appointment, 400 (50.8%) initiated oral daily PrEP, and 59 (7.4%) had protective levels of TDF. Of initiators of PrEP, 23 (5.8%) seroconverted at a rate of 13.9 cases/100 person-years. Better social support, larger network density, and higher education were associated with engagement in 4-5 components of the cascade.

Conclusions
Our data highlight a gap between willingness and actual PrEP use. Despite PrEP’s effectiveness in preventing HIV, the optimal impact of PrEP for SGM in sub-Saharan Africa will require multifaceted approaches that combine social support, education, and de-stigmatization.
Chlamydia trachomatis sero-epidemiology and associated factors in fertility treatment-seeking patients in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Abdo Noor Motea , Aslam Irfan , Irfan Shazia , George Junu A. , Alsuwaidi Ahmed R. , Ahmed Luai A. , Al-Rifai Rami H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study was designed to investigate the seroepidemiology of and identify factors associated with exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) in fertility treatment-seeking patients in Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE.

Methods
308 fertility treatment-seeking patients were surveyed. Seroprevalence of past (IgG positive), current/acute (IgM positive), and active infection (IgA positive) with C. trachomatis was quantified. Factors associated with exposure to C. trachomatis were identified.

Results
Overall, 19.0%, 5.2%, and 1.6% found to have past, acute/recent, and ongoing active infection with C. trachomatis, respectively. Overall, 22.0% of the patients were seropositive to any of the three to C. trachomatis antibodies. Males compared to females (45.7% vs 18.9%, p < 0.001) and current/ex-smokers compared to non-smokers (44.4% vs 17.8%) had higher seropositivity. Patients with a history of pregnancy loss had higher seropositivity compared to other patients (27.0% vs 16.8%), particularly recurrent pregnancy losses (33.3%). Current smoking (aOR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.32–11.04) and history of pregnancy loss (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.5–5.8) were significantly associated with higher odds of exposure to C. trachomatis.

Conclusions
The observed high seroprevalence of C. trachomatis, particularly in patients with a history of pregnancy loss, possibly indicates the contribution of C. trachomatis to the growing burden of infertility in the UAE.
Tamarix articulataextract offers protection against toxicity induced by beauty products in Hs27 human skin fibroblasts
Authors: Alnuqaydan Abdullah M , Ali Zainy Faten M. , Almutary Abdulmajeed G , Said-Sadier Najwane , Rah Bilal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current study evaluates the cytotoxicity and chemical analysis of selected beauty products and evaluation of the protective effect ofTamarix articulata(TA) extract against toxicity induced by beauty products in skin fibroblasts (Hs27). MTT and Crystal violet (CV) assays were used to determine the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of products against Hs27 fibroblasts. DNA fragmentation assay was conducted to determine the mode of cell killing induced by evaluated beauty products. Chemical analysis and heavy metals were evaluated to determine beauty products. Pre-treatment with TA extract for different time points followed by time-dependent exposure with beauty products to assess the protective effect of TA extract in Hs27 cells was analysed by MTT and CV assays. Owing to the presence of various harmful heavy metals such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in beauty products, our results revealed that all beauty products induce significant cytotoxicity over time (1, 4 h) in a dose-dependent (125, 250, 500 µg/mL) manner. DNA fragmentation assay revealed that the induced cytotoxicity was caused by necrosis. However, pre-incubation with a safe dose (50 µg/mL) of TA for different times (24, 48 h) followed by exposure to various doses (62.5, 125, 250, 500 µg/mL) of beauty products for different times (1, 4 h) revealed significant (*p≤0.05, **p≤0.01) protection against product-mediated cytotoxicity. The effect was more pronounced for 1 h exposure to products compared to 4 h. Our study demonstrates that the due to the presence of heavy metals in synthetic beauty products exhibits marked toxicity to skin fibroblasts. However, the presence of abundant bioactive polyphenols with promising antiscavenging activity in TA extracts significantly nullifies cytotoxicity promoted by examined beauty products in skin fibroblasts (Hs27).
Th2 infiltration is a better predictor of survival than tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)
Authors: Brousse Susie , Godey Florence , Tas Patrick , Campillo-Gimenez Boris , Lafont Elodie , Poissonnier Amanda , Levêque Jean , Lavoué Vincent , Gallo Matthieu Le 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) account for 15% of all breast cancers but carry the worst prognosis. Because of their heterogenicity, these tumors are not all prone to targeted therapies. However, due to their high immune infiltration, targeting their immune microenvironment is of tremendous interest and is becoming the standard of care for high-risk early-stage TNBC. Nevertheless, the characterization of this immune infiltrate is often limited to general tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) counting, without characterization of lymphocytes subtypes. Thus, we aimed at precisely characterizing these sub-populations and evaluating their prognostic significance.MethodsWe selected 91 TNBC tumors for which we had both the TILs count on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides determined by an expert pathologist and the immune microenvironment cell subtypes characterization using flow cytometry (FC). We then compared the prognostic value of immune microenvironment subpopulations vs total TILs count.ResultsTNBCs contained a mean of 22.8±25.9% TILs in the tumor surface area, including mainly CD4+ helper T lymphocytes (14.1%), mostly Th2 (11.7%), CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (11.1%), and myeloid cells (8.4%) including antigen presenting cells (APC). The TILs count was correlated with the abundance of these cellular subpopulations (p≤0.004). TILs percentage was predictive of overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis (p=0.044), high APC infiltration was predictive of relapse-free survival (RFS) in univariate analysis (p≤0.030), and Th2 infiltration was predictive of both RFS and OS in univariate (p=0.009, 0.008 respectively) and multivariate analyses (p=0.002, 0.010 respectively).ConclusionThe characterization of TILs composition is essential to better understand the potential antitumoral functions of these cells, and to strongly improve the associated prognostic and predictive values. We here demonstrate that Th2 subpopulation is associated with a better overall survival in TNBC and could be of use to predict response to the newly used immunotherapies.
Fundamental Bound on Epidemic Overshoot in the SIR Model
Authors: Nguyen Maximilian M. , Freedman Ari S. , Ozbay Sinan A. , Levin Simon A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe derive an exact upper bound on the epidemic overshoot for the Kermack-McKendrick SIR model. This maximal overshoot value of 0.2984… occurs at. Using the general analysis framework presented within, we then consider more complex SIR models, such as those that incorporate vaccination or contact heterogeneity. We analyze models that consider vaccinations and show that the presence of vaccinated individuals decreases the maximum possible overshoot. For epidemics where the contact structure is given by a network, we numerically find that increased contact heterogeneity lowers the maximal overshoot value and weakens the dependency of overshoot on transmission.
Risk of Parkinson’s Disease in Stroke Survivors: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Choi Hea Lim , Ahn Jong Hyeon , Chang Won Hyuk , Jung Wonyoung , Youn Jinyoung , Shin Dong Wook 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have examined the risk of stroke in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the incidence of PD onset among stroke survivors and its risk according to severity of post-stroke disabilities is scarcely investigated. This study aims to determine whether the risk of PD is increased among stroke survivors using a retrospective cohort with a large population-based database.METHODWe used data collected by the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2010–2018 and examined 307,361 stroke survivors and 380,917 sex-and age-matched control subjects to uncover the incidence of PD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the risk of PD was compared according to presence and severity of disability.RESULTSDuring 4.31 years of follow-up, stroke survivors had a 1.67 times higher risk of PD compared to matched control subjects (adjusted HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.57–1.78). The risk of PD was greater among stroke survivors with disabilities than among those without disabilities, even after adjustment for multiple covariates (adjusted HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.55– 1.91 and adjusted HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.56–1.77, respectively).CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated increased risk of PD onset among stroke survivors. Health professionals need to pay careful attention to detecting movement disorders as clues for diagnosing PD.
Standardization of weightage assigned to different segments of the hand X-ray for assessment of bone age by the Greulich Pyle method
Authors: Oza Chirantap , Khadilkar Anuradha V , Goel Pranay , Aeppli Tim , Mondkar Shruti , Shah Nikhil , Lohiya Nikhil , Prasad Hemchand Krishna , Patil Prashant , Kajale Neha , Khadilkar Vaman , Sävendahl Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesBone age (BA) assessment is important in evaluating disorders of growth and puberty; the Greulich and Pyle atlas method (GP) is most used. We aimed to determine the weightage to be attributed by raters to various segments of the hand x-ray, namely, distal end of radius-ulna (RU), carpals, and short bones for rating bone age using the GP atlas method.Methods692 deidentified x-rays from a previous study (PUNE-dataset) and 400 from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA-dataset) were included in the study. Mean of BA assessed by experienced raters was termed reference rating. Linear regression was used to model reference age as function of age ratings of the three segments. The root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of segmental arithmetic mean and weighted mean with respect to reference rating were computed for both datasets.ResultsShort bones were assigned the highest weightage. Carpals were assigned higher weightage in pre-pubertal PUNE participants as compared to RSNA, vice-versa in RU segment of post-pubertal participants. The RMSE of weighted mean ratings was significantly lower than for the arithmetic mean in the PUNE dataset.ConclusionWe thus determined weightage to be attributed by raters to segments of the hand x-ray for assessment of bone age by the GP method.
Myeloid cell influx into the colonic epithelium is associated with disease severity and non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Jha Divya , Al-Taie Zainab , Krek Azra , Eshghi Shadi Toghi , Fantou Aurelie , Laurent Thomas , Tankelevich Michael , Cao Xuan , Meringer Hadar , Livanos Alexandra E , Tokuyama Minami , Cossarini Francesca , Bourreille Arnaud , Josien Regis , Hou Ruixue , Canales-Herrerias Pablo , Ungaro Ryan C. , Kayal Maia , Marion James , Polydorides Alexandros D , Ko Huaibin M. , D’souza Darwin , Merand Raphael , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Hackney Jason A. , Nguyen Allen , McBride Jacqueline M. , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Colombel Jean Frederic , Martin Jerome C. , Argmann Carmen , Suárez-Fariñas Mayte , Petralia Francesca , Mehandru Saurabh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with sharply rising global prevalence. Dysfunctional epithelial compartment (EC) dynamics are implicated in UC pathogenesis although EC-specific studies are sparse. Applying orthogonal high-dimensional EC profiling to a Primary Cohort (PC; n=222), we detail major epithelial and immune cell perturbations in active UC. Prominently, reduced frequencies of matureBEST4+OTOP2+absorptive andBEST2+WFDC2+secretory epithelial enterocytes were associated with the replacement of homeostatic, residentTRDC+KLRD1+HOPX+γδ+T cells withRORA+CCL20+S100A4+TH17cells and the influx of inflammatory myeloid cells. The EC transcriptome (exemplified byS100A8, HIF1A, TREM1, CXCR1) correlated with clinical, endoscopic, and histological severity of UC in an independent validation cohort (n=649). Furthermore, therapeutic relevance of the observed cellular and transcriptomic changes was investigated in 3 additional published UC cohorts (n=23, 48 and 204 respectively) to reveal that non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (anti-TNF) therapy was associated with EC related myeloid cell perturbations. Altogether, these data provide high resolution mapping of the EC to facilitate therapeutic decision-making and personalization of therapy in patients with UC.
Effect of gedunin on glioblastoma proliferation and invasiveness:In vitroandin vivoapproaches
Authors: Costa Thadeu Estevam Moreira Maramaldo , Pádua Tatiana Almeida , Pereira Jonathas Xavier , Rodrigues Vinicius Gonçalves , Seito Leonardo Noboru , da Cunha Erika Marques , Filgueiras Claudio C. , Abreu-Villaça Yael , Manhães Alex C. , Maya-Monteiro Clarissa Menezes , Henriques Maria das Graças , Krahe Thomas Eichenberg , Penido Carmen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most invasive and malignant brain tumor, for which no effective treatment is currently available. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a potential target for the treatment of different types of cancer. Herein, we investigated the effect of gedunin, an HSP90 inhibitor, in murine GL261 glioblastomain vitroandin vivomodels. Gedunin treatment decreased GL261 cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis in a concentration- dependent manner. Gedunin also reduced GL261 cell migration and metalloproteinase-2 activity, suggesting that it impairs glioblastoma cell invasion. Despite the reduction of total protein content in gedunin-treated cells, the phosphorylation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways was enhanced within 24 h.In situtreatment with gedunin did not significantly reduce tumor volume but reduced the presence of vascular structures in xenograft glioblastoma in C57BL/6 mice, a clinical feature associated with morbidity and mortality. Our results demonstrate that gedunin is a promising compound for the treatment of glioblastoma.Graphical AbstractHighlightsGedunin reduces GL261 cell proliferation, migration and invasionin vitro.Gedunin induces GL261 cell apoptosis and ERK activationin vitro.Gedunin reduces the presence of tumoral vascular structuresin vivo.
Divergent associations of slow-wave sleep vs. REM sleep with plasma amyloid-beta
Authors: Rosenblum Yevgenia , Pereira Mariana , Stange Oliver , Weber Frederik D. , Bovy Leonore , Tzioridou Sofia , Lancini Elisa , Neville David A. , Klein Nadja , de Wolff Timo , Stritzke Mandy , Kersten Iris , Uhr Manfred , Claassen Jurgen A.H.R. , Steiger Axel , Verbeek Marcel M. , Dresler Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence shows that during slow-wave sleep (SWS), the brain is cleared from potentially toxic metabolites, such as the amyloid-beta protein. Poor sleep or elevated cortisol levels can worsen amyloid-beta clearance, potentially leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we explore how nocturnal neural and endocrine activity affects amyloid-beta fluctuations in the peripheral blood as a reflection of cerebral clearance.MethodsSimultaneous polysomnography and all-night blood sampling were acquired in 60 healthy volunteers aged 20–68 years old. Nocturnal plasma concentrations of two amyloid-beta species (amyloid-beta-40 and amyloid-beta-42), cortisol, and growth hormone were assessed every 20 minutes from 23:00–7:00. Amyloid-beta fluctuations were modeled with sleep stages, (non)-oscillatory power, and hormones as predictors while controlling for age and multiple comparisons. Time lags between the predictors and amyloid-beta ranged from 20 to 120min.FindingsThe amyloid-beta-40 and amyloid-beta-42 levels correlated positively with growth hormone concentrations, SWS proportion, slow-wave (0.3–4Hz) oscillatory and high-band (30–48Hz) non-oscillatory power, but negatively with cortisol concentrations and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) proportion measured 40–100min before (all t-values>|3|, p-values<0.003). Older participants showed higher amyloid-beta-40 levels.InterpretationSlow-wave oscillations are associated with higher plasma amyloid-beta levels, reflecting their contribution to cerebral amyloid-beta clearance across the blood-brain barrier. REM sleep is related to decreased amyloid-beta plasma levels; however, this link may reflect passive aftereffects of SWS and not REM’s effects per se. Strong associations between cortisol, growth hormone, and amyloid-beta presumably reflect the sleep-regulating role of the corresponding releasing hormones. A positive association between age and amyloid-beta-40 may indicate that peripheral clearance becomes less efficient with age. Our study provides important insights into the specificity of different sleep features’ effects on brain clearance and suggests that cortisol nocturnal fluctuations may serve as a new marker of clearance efficiency.