bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological aspects of evaluation of ornamental woody plants of the Magnoliophyta division according the complex of morphological signs and signs of vitality
Authors: Кохановський В.М. , Барна М.М. , Барна Л.С. , Мельник Т.І. 
Published: June 2023

For the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the decorativeness of woody plants at the level of the Magnoliophyta department was considered. Methodologically organized group of features that directly shape the decorativeness of woody plants (trunk and crown architectonics with or without leaf cover; hereditary typical crown form with possible adaptation options; texture and color of the bark, frame branches and shoots of the crown; size, color and duration of leaf viability; size and color of flowers and inflorescences, as well as the abundance and duration of their flowering; decorative attractiveness and storage life of fruits and inflorescences; aroma of bark and leaves, flowers and inflorescences, fruits and compound fruit odors) and a group of indirectly influential indicators of decorativeness (damage – unpredictable “negatives” of woody plants living condition; winter hardiness – the resistance of woody plants and a set of unfavorable conditions in winter; frost resistance – an indicator of frost impact on woody plants in winter) woody plants of Magnoliophyta division.
Particular attention is focused on the use of our 5-point scales that we have developed for assessing the decorativeness of woody plants on 12 morphological characteristics (trunk and crown architectonics, crown shape, bark color, leaf size (needles), leaf color, leaf viability, flower and inflorescences size, flowers and inflorescences color, duration of flowering, fruits and compound fruits attractiveness, fruits and compound fruits storage, aroma of odors) and 3 indicators of living condition (damage) and natural conditions of habitats (winter hardiness, frost resistance) of woody plants.
It is shown by the example of Betula pendula Roth. that the living condition of trees, bushes and climbing lianas of the Magnoliophyta division most typically manifests itself in the virginal, young, medieval and older generative stages of ontogenesis. At this time of growth and development, species taxa with their appearance, as a rule, are aesthetically positive and emotionally elevated perceived by most people. These stages of flowering woody plants ontogenesis are marked by a rather high, if not maximum decorativeness.
Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of cadmium-resistant gene TASFT2 in wheat
Authors: Ву Люлю , Жатова Г.О. 
Published: June 2023

Cadmium is a non-essential trace element which is highly toxic to plants. Because of its high mobility and toxicity, it has become a hot topic to study the molecular mechanism of cadmium uptake and transport by plants and to cultivate new crop varieties resistant to cadmium and low cadmium accumulation. Cd enters into the plant body, it will be absorbed by the root system and gradually transported to the above-ground part. Plants reduce toxic effects by absorbing and transporting heavy metals in different chemical forms and storing them in different organs and tissues. Under cadmium stress, plants produce a variety of physiological and biochemical mechanisms that limit cadmium absorption and transfer to reduce cadmium damage. Cadmium stress induces the expression level of metallothionine gene in gramineous crops (wheat and rice), which has a positive effect on improving plant resistance to cadmium and alleviating cadmium toxicity. It is not clear how the gene causes tolerance to heavy metals. Therefore, this experiment cloned the gene and analyzed the biological information to find the mechanism of cadmium resistance.
The full length of TaSFT2 gene was cloned by RT-PCR. The sequence analysis showed that ORF gene was 684bp, encoding 228 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 58.542kD and an isoelectric point of 9.16. The results of evolutionary tree analysis showed that wheat TaSFT2 was closely related to maize ZmGot1/Sft2 gene and rice OsGot1/Sft2 protein.
The basic information of TaSFT2 gene can be obtained by chromosome location analysis, intron/exon analysis, ORF analysis and expression profile analysis, etc. By analyzing the basic properties of TaSFT2 protein, hydrophobicity analysis, transmembrane region prediction, signal peptide prediction and similarity prediction, the properties of gene-encoded protein can be preliminarily determined and predicted. In particular, hydrophobicity analysis and transmembrane region prediction can be used to predict whether the gene is membrane protein, which has important reference significance for determining the direction of experimental research.
RNA-binding is an ancient trait of the Annexin family
Authors: Patil Sudarshan S. , Panchal Vipul , Røstbø Trude , Romanyuk Sofya , Hollås Hanne , Brenk Ruth , Grindheim Ann Kari , Vedeler Anni 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The regulation of intracellular functions in mammalian cells involves close coordination of cellular processes. During recent years it has become evident that the sorting, trafficking and distribution of transport vesicles and mRNA granules/complexes are closely coordinated to ensure effective simultaneous handling of all components required for a specific function, thereby minimizing the use of cellular energy. Identification of proteins acting at the crossroads of such coordinated transport events will ultimately provide mechanistic details of the processes. Annexins are multifunctional proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes associated with Ca2+-regulation and lipid binding, linked to the operation of both the endocytic and exocytic pathways. Furthermore, certain Annexins have been implicated in the regulation of mRNA transport and translation. Since Annexin A2 binds specific mRNAs via its core structure and is also present in mRNP complexes, we speculated whether direct association with RNA could be a common property of the mammalian Annexin family sharing a highly similar core structure.Methods and results: Therefore, we performed spot blot and UV-crosslinking experiments to assess the mRNA binding abilities of the different Annexins, using annexin A2 and c-myc 3′UTRs as well as c-myc 5′UTR as baits. We supplemented the data with immunoblot detection of selected Annexins in mRNP complexes derived from the neuroendocrine rat PC12 cells. Furthermore, biolayer interferometry was used to determine the KD of selected Annexin-RNA interactions, which indicated distinct affinities. Amongst these Annexins, Annexin A13 and the core structures of Annexin A7, Annexin A11 bind c-myc 3′UTR with KDs in the nanomolar range. Of the selected Annexins, only Annexin A2 binds the c-myc 5′UTR indicating some selectivity.Discussion: The oldest members of the mammalian Annexin family share the ability to associate with RNA, suggesting that RNA-binding is an ancient trait of this protein family. Thus, the combined RNA- and lipid-binding properties of the Annexins make them attractive candidates to participate in coordinated long-distance transport of membrane vesicles and mRNAs regulated by Ca2+. The present screening results can thus pave the way for studies of the multifunctional Annexins in a novel cellular context.
Case report: Cardiac metastatic uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis excision with extracorporeal venous shunt under the guidance of 3-dimensional printing
Authors: Chen Hong , Mao Yu , Xie Hongtao , Liu Dejun , Zhang Shun , Tian Yongcang , Yang Jian , Bai Benjian 
Published: June 2023

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is relatively rare, and the incidence of cardiac IVL is even lower. The case report introduces a 48-year-old woman with two episodes of syncope in 2021. Echocardiography showed a cord-like mass in the inferior vena cava (IVC), right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery. Computed tomography venography and magnetic resonance imaging showed strips in RA, RV, IVC, right common iliac vein, and internal iliac vein, as well as a round-like mass in the right uterine adnexa. Combined with the patient's prior surgical history and rare anatomical structures, surgeons used cardiovascular 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology to create patient-specific preoperative 3D printed model. The model could help surgeons to visually and accurately understand the size of IVL and its relationship to adjacent tissues. Finally, surgeons successfully performed a concurrent transabdominal resection of cardiac metastatic IVL and adnexal hysterectomy with off-cardiopulmonary bypass. Preoperative evaluation and guidance of 3D printing may play a critical role to ensure this surgery for the patient with rare anatomical structures and high surgical risk.Clinical Trial Registration: [ClinicalTrials.gov], Protocol Registration System [NCT02917980].
Influence of mechanical characteristics of deep composite salt-gypsum layers on safe drilling of directional wells: a case study of Palaeogene in the Kuqa Piedmont structure, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Fang Chao , Li Shiyuan , Zhao Qing , Zhang Hui , Chen Zhaowei , Huang Hao , Lin Zili , Fan Jinchao , Liu Enbo 
Published: June 2023

The directional wells can effectively improve the development efficiency of deep and ultra-deep pre-salt oil and gas reservoirs in the Kuqa Mountains of Tarim basin. Under the condition of deep temperature and pressure, the mechanical properties of the composite salt-gypsum layers are complex. During the directional drilling process, that the salt rock is easy to creep causes the drill stick. Under the condition of controlling the well inclination, it is difficult to choose the appropriate drilling fluid density to resist creep and thus maintain the stability of the wellbore. On the basis of rock mechanics experiments, this study established a two-dimensional finite element model considering the combination of composite salt-gypsum layers and inclined well with the effect of in-situ stress, analyzed the influence of temperature, differential stress and well deviation on the salt rock creep. The density of drilling fluid for preventing creep sticking is calculated, and a safe drilling fluid density chart for preventing creep shrinkage of composite salt-gypsum layers is compiled. The results show that when the differential stress is less than 10 MPa, the creep rate of the Tarim composite salt-gypsum layers are at least 10 times higher than that of the Gulf of Mexico salt layers; the creep rate increases with the increase of the differential stress and temperature, and the creep rate is an incremental curve; taking the highly deviated well in the Bozi area as an example, where the shrinkage ratio caused by sticking is set to be 5%, the drilling fluid density chart for creep resistance at 45° and 60° inclination is built, which is consistent with the actual drilling in the field. The results can provide design basis for the selection of anti-creep drilling fluid density in the directional wells in the Kuqa Piedmont composite salt-gypsum layers.
Improving e-learning websites: the role of menu depth and metacognitive support
Authors: Beege Maik , Scherer Demian , Weiß Elena 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionResults from experimental research in instructional psychology imply that a deep menu structure of a e-learning website may provide useful segmentation. However, menu depth also increases the need for navigation and thus, might have impairing effects on learning. Furthermore, instructional support can be provided by including a checklist, to ensure that learners reflect on their study progress. The study aimed at investigating which menu structure is beneficial for e-learning websites and whether a checklist could compensate the negative effects of an unfavorable menu structure.MethodsTherefore, in an online experiment, we let 101 students learn facts about rocks from an e-learning website with either a deep or a flat menu structure. We further manipulated whether metacognitive support through a checklist was provided or not. Learning outcomes, cognitive load, metacognitive factors as well as learning time were measured.ResultsResults show no main effects of the menu depth or the presence of a checklist on retention and transfer performance. Learning achievements in percent for retention were 37.31 (deep menu/checklist), 31.10 (deep menu/no checklist), 36.07 (flat menu/checklist), 38.13 (flat menu, no checklist) and for transfer were 35.19 (deep menu/checklist), 34.40 (deep menu/no checklist), 37.78 (flat menu/checklist), 33.23 (flat menu, no checklist). Yet, there are hints that the deeper menu structure had a negative effect on learning processes: The deep menu structure led to an enhanced extraneous cognitive load (ECL) and reduced learning efficiency. However, providing a checklist had beneficial effects mainly when learning with a deep menu structure but not overall. Unexpectedly, the presence of the checklist did not influence metacognitive measures.DiscussionOur study suggests that possible costs of a deep menu structure should be considered when designing instructional checklists. However, the study also provides a way in which these costs can be compensated, which is by using a checklist. Implications for instructional research and e-learning are discussed.
The value of FT4/TSH ratio in the differential diagnosis of Graves’ disease and subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Wang Yu , Liu Miao , Wei Lingge , Huang Jianmin , Dong Ziqian , Guan Meichao , Wu Weijie , Gao Jianqing , Huang Xiaojie , Guo Xin , Xie Peng 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the value of the FT4/TSH ratio in the etiological diagnosis of newly diagnosed patients with thyrotoxicosis.MethodsThe retrospective study was conducted on 287 patients with thyrotoxicosis (122 patients with subacute thyroiditis and 165 patients with Graves’ disease) and 415 healthy people on their first visit to our hospital. All patients underwent thyroid function tests including the measurement of T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, T3/TSH, and T4/TSH. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to evaluate the value of FT4/TSH in the differential diagnosis of Graves’ disease and subacute thyroiditis, and compared with other related indicators.ResultsThe area under the curve of FT4/TSH for diagnosing Graves’ disease and thyroiditis was 0.846, which was significantly larger than the area under the curve of T3/T4 ratio (P&lt; 0.05) and FT3/FT4 ratio (P&lt; 0.05). When the cut-off value of the FT4/TSH ratio was 5731.286 pmol/mIU, the sensitivity was 71.52%, the specificity was 90.16%, the positive predictive value was 90.77% and the negative predictive value was 70.06%. The diagnostic accuracy was 79.44%.ConclusionFT4/TSH ratio can be used as a new reference index for the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.
Untangling the spatial patterns of evolution of specialized villages and influencing factors
Authors: Niu Ning , Wang Chao , Jin He 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe development of specialized villages (SVs) is of great importance for rural revitalization.MethodsThis study integrated SVs, terrain, resource, traffic, market, and economy data to characterize the development of SVs from 2017 to 2021 and explore its influence factors by the Random Forest Regression model in Henan, China.ResultsThe sustainably developed SVs were mainly distributed in the plain and the transition zone of mountain-hilly, mountain-plain, and hilly-plain, showing a spatially aggregated polycentric characteristic; the market is the key factor for the development of SVs in the transition zone of mountain-hill or mountain-plain, and the traffic factor mainly influences SVs in the plain and the transition zone of hill-plain; compared to the factors influencing the formation of SVs, the influence of terrain and traffic factors on the development of SVs was decreasing, and the influence of market and economic factors was showing an increasing trend.DiscussionThe results of this study can provide practical strategies for the development of SVs in the under-developed areas of interior.
Candidate gene association study suggests potential role of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in pain heterogeneity in sickle cell disease
Authors: Sadhu Nilanjana , He Ying , Yao Yingwei , Wilkie Diana J. , Molokie Robert E. , Wang Zaijie Jim 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Pain is a lifelong companion of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and has a severe impact on their quality of life. Both acute crisis pain and chronic non-crisis pain exhibit high variability between individuals, making it difficult to effectively manage sickle cell-related pain. We investigated the role of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene polymorphisms on pain variability in SCD. DBH is a key enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, both of which are known mediators of pain and pain-related behaviors.Methods: Acute crisis pain-related utilization and non-crisis chronic pain scores of 131 African Americans with SCD were obtained.Results and discussion: Association analyses revealed that the T allele of upstream variant rs1611115 and downstream variant rs129882 correlated with higher severity of chronic pain in an additive model. On the other hand, the A allele of missense variant rs5324 associated with lower risk of both acute crisis pain and chronic pain. Similarly, the C allele of intronic variant rs2797849 was associated with lower incidence of acute crisis pain in the additive model. In addition, tissue-specific eQTL revealed that the T allele of rs1611115 correlated with decreased expression of DBH in the frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (GTEx), and decreased expression of DBH-AS1 in blood (eQTLGen). Bioinformatic approaches predicted that rs1611115 may be altering a transcription factor binding site, thereby, contributing to its potential effect. Taken together, findings from this study suggest that potential functional polymorphisms of DBH may modulate pain perception in SCD.
Single-cell RNA sequencing highlights the role of PVR/PVRL2 in the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Ang , Ji Bai , Yang Yongsheng , Ye Bicheng , Zhu Qinmei , Hu Xintong , Liu Yong , Zhou Peiwen , Liu Juanjuan , Gao Ranran , Zhou Qi , Kang Boxi , Jiang Yanfang 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe conflict between cancer cells and the host immune system shapes the immune tumour microenvironment (TME) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A deep understanding of the heterogeneity and intercellular communication network in the TME of HCC will provide promising strategies to orchestrate the immune system to target and eradicate cancers.MethodsHere, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and computational analysis of 35786 unselected single cells from 3 human HCC tumour and 3 matched adjacent samples to elucidate the heterogeneity and intercellular communication network of the TME. The specific lysis of HCC cell lines was examined in vitro using cytotoxicity assays. Granzyme B concentration in supernatants of cytotoxicity assays was measured by ELISA.ResultsWe found that VCAN+ tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) might undergo M2-like polarization and differentiate in the tumour region. Regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) exhibited immune regulatory and tolerogenic phenotypes in the TME. Furthermore, we observed intensive potential intercellular crosstalk among C1QC+ TAMs, regulatory DCs, regulator T (Treg) cells, and exhausted CD8+ T cells that fostered an immunosuppressive niche in the HCC TME. Moreover, we identified that the TIGIT-PVR/PVRL2 axis provides a prominent coinhibitory signal in the immunosuppressive TME. In vitro, antibody blockade of PVR or PVRL2 on HCC cell lines or TIGIT blockade on immune cells increased immune cell-mediated lysis of tumour cell. This enhanced immune response is paralleled by the increased secretion of Granzyme B by immune cells.DiscussionCollectively, our study revealed the functional state, clinical significance, and intercellular communication of immunosuppressive cells in HCC at single-cell resolution. Moreover, PVR/PVRL2, interact with TIGIT act as prominent coinhibitory signals and might represent a promising, efficacious immunotherapy strategy in HCC.
Gut microbiota and Sjögren’s syndrome: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cao Yu , Lu Hao , Xu Wangzi , Zhong Ming 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe link between the gut microbiota (GM) and Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) is well-established and apparent. Whether GM is causally associated with SS is uncertain.MethodsThe MiBioGen consortium’s biggest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (n=13,266) was used as the basis for a two-sample Mendelian randomization study (TSMR). The causal relationship between GM and SS was investigated using the inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted model, MR-PRESSO, and simple model methods. In order to measure the heterogeneity of instrumental variables (IVs), Cochran’s Q statistics were utilized.ResultsThe results showed that genus Fusicatenibacter (odds ratio (OR) = 1.418, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.072–1.874, P = 0.0143) and genus Ruminiclostridium9 (OR = 1.677, 95% CI, 1.050–2.678, P = 0.0306) were positively correlated with the risk of SS and family Porphyromonadaceae (OR = 0.651, 95% CI, 0.427–0.994, P = 0.0466), genus Subdoligranulum (OR = 0.685, 95% CI, 0.497–0.945, P = 0.0211), genus Butyricicoccus (OR = 0.674, 95% CI, 0.470–0.967, P = 0.0319) and genus Lachnospiraceae (OR = 0.750, 95% CI, 0.585–0.961, P = 0.0229) were negatively correlated with SS risk using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique. Furthermore, four GM related genes: ARAP3, NMUR1, TEC and SIRPD were significant causally with SS after FDR correction (FDR&lt;0.05).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for either positive or negative causal effects of GM composition and its related genes on SS risk. We want to provide novel approaches for continued GM and SS-related research and therapy by elucidating the genetic relationship between GM and SS.