bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on rheological behavior of polystyrene‐polyisoprene‐polystyrene around viscous flow transformation: Effect of polystyrene block content and molecular weight
Authors: Shang Zihao , Luo Hengyu , Han Hui , Jia Tingting , Hu Haiqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe flow behavior of triblock copolymer polystyrene‐polyisoprene‐polystyrene (SIS) was different below and above the viscous flow transition temperature (Tf). The study investigated the relationship between molecular structure (molecular weight and polystyrene block content) and the macroscopic rheological properties of SIS melt around Tf via capillary rheometer. The results indicated that below the Tf, shear viscosity of SIS melt was controlled by the polystyrene (PS) block content. On the other hand, above the Tf, shear viscosity was controlled by molecular weight. The rheological phenomena were explained based on the state change of the PS domains below and above Tf. The effect of PS block content on the viscous flow activation energy (Eη) and pressure drop of SIS melt was also investigated.
Preparation and laboratory study of a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose smart temperature‐controlled crosslinked gel fracturing fluid system
Authors: Zuo Chengwei , Wu Yan , Du Kun , Zhu Lianggen , Gou Zhuyin , Xia Yinfeng , Jia Zhenfu , Zeng Wenbi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater‐based fracturing fluids are widely used in the development of tight, low‐permeability unconventional oil and gas fields, where the crosslinking agent component can thicken the low‐viscosity, high‐flowability base fluid to ensure sufficient proppant is transported from the wellbore to the tip of the fracture and generate the required net pressure to support the fracture. Zirconium crosslinking agents are widely used due to their good stability and high shear resistance. In the paper, glycerin, zirconium chloride, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, and water were reacted at a molar ratio of 7:1:3:4:98 and a temperature of 80°C for 5 h; Using triethanolamine, zirconium chloride, lactic acid, and water as raw materials, the molar ratio of 4:1:3:98, reaction at 80°C for 5 h, and then zirconium lactate crosslinker and triethanolamine zirconium lactate crosslinker were synthesized respectively, which were incorporated into a newly designed self‐generating acid temperature‐controlled crosslinking system to crosslink salt‐resistant cleaning fracturing fluids mainly composed of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, achieving delayed crosslinking of the fracturing fluid in different temperature formations. The strong crosslinking temperature range of glycerol‐lactic acid zirconium and the rheological properties of triethanolamine zirconium lactate gel and zirconium lactate gel in the system were tested. The viscosity of triethanolamine zirconium lactate gel and zirconium lactate gel were 88.86 and 94.69 mPa·s, respectively, at the shear rate of 300 s−1, and the viscosity remained above 200 mPa·s at the shear rate of 170 s−1, 60°C for 1 h. These figures far exceed the gels formed by commercially purchased zirconate. This system can make glycerol lactic achouid zirconium crosslinking agents undergo strong crosslinking at 40–65°C and triethanolamine lactic acid zirconium undergo strong crosslinking at 55–75°C. It has significant implications for the delayed crosslinking effect of massive fracturing operations.
Green synthesis and environmental applications of alginate/polyacrylamide/titanium dioxide composite hydrogel
Authors: Wu Tongmeng , Sawut Amatjan , Simayi Rena , Gong Xuankun , Zhang Xiaohui , Jiang Menghao , Zhu Ziwen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA multifunctional sodium alginate/polyacrylamide/titanium dioxide (SA/PAM/TiO2) double network composite hydrogel was successfully prepared by sunlight‐induced polymerization and ionic cross‐linking method and the relationship between its structure and properties was studied. During the polymerization process, TiO2 is used as an initiator to promote the polymerization and is homogeneously immobilized on the three‐dimensional double network hydrogel matrix as the active component of photo‐catalysis. The dual network structure and highly hydrophilic functional groups in the structure improves the adsorption capacities of the hydrogel and photocatalytic performance of the catalyst by avoiding the aggregation of TiO2. The influences of different factors, such as the amount of cross‐linker, monomer ratio, titanium dioxide content, and exposure time, on the swelling properties of the hydrogel during the reaction process were investigated. The effects of titanium dioxide content, pH value, and initial concentration of methyl orange solution on the adsorption properties and photocatalytic performance of the hydrogel were also examined. In addition, the environmental applications of the material as a reusable adsorbent and an effective photo‐catalyst for the treatment of dyes were explored. The hydrogel possesses excellent mechanical properties and stability and was recycled for 10 times without any significant decrease in photocatalytic efficiency.
Times new plural: The multiple temporalities of contemporary life and the infosphere
Authors: Mason Tom , Bawden David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExperiences of time and temporalities in contemporary life are analysed, with Floridi's conception of the infosphere as a central concept. The effects of instantaneous communication and digital information are shown to result not simply in the obvious acceleration of many aspects of life, but in multiple temporalities. The informational spaces of Floridi's hyperhistorical time form a new time‐based society, with our informational activities expressed in linear, cyclic, re‐cyclic, and iterative processes. Examples from the information sciences, particularly information seeking and “slow information,” are given, and an outline model for time literacy is presented.
Advances in hybridoma preparation using electrofusion technology
Authors: Kou Jiaqian , Shen Jianzhong , Wang Zhanhui , Yu Wenbo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs a rapidly developing cell engineering technique, cell electrofusion has been increasingly applied in the field of hybridoma preparation in recent years. However, it is difficult to completely replace the polyethylene glycol‐mediated cell fusion using electrofusion due to the high operation requirements, high cost of electrofusion instruments, and lack of prior reference research work. The key elements limiting electrofusion in the field of hybridoma preparation also introduce practical complications, such as the use/choice of electrofusion instruments, setup/optimization of electrical parameters, and precise control of cells. This review summarizes the state of the art of cell electrofusion in hybridoma preparation based on recent published literature, mainly focusing on electrofusion instruments and their components, process control and characterization, and cell treatment. It also provides new information and insightful commentary critically important for further electrofusion development in the field of hybridoma preparation.
Aged mice are less susceptible to motion sickness and show decreased efferent vestibular activity compared to young adults
Authors: Lorincz David , Drury Hannah R. , Smith Doug W. , Lim Rebecca , Brichta Alan M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe efferent vestibular system (EVS) is a feedback circuit thought to modulate vestibular afferent activity by inhibiting type II hair cells and exciting calyx‐bearing afferents in the peripheral vestibular organs. In a previous study, we suggested EVS activity may contribute to the effects of motion sickness. To determine an association between motion sickness and EVS activity, we examined the effects of provocative motion (PM) on c‐Fos expression in brainstem efferent vestibular nucleus (EVN) neurons that are the source of efferent innervation in the peripheral vestibular organs.Methodsc‐Fos is an immediate early gene product expressed in stimulated neurons and is a well‐established marker of neuronal activation. To study the effects of PM, young adult C57/BL6 wild‐type (WT), aged WT, and young adult transgenic Chat‐gCaMP6f mice were exposed to PM, and tail temperature (Ttail) was monitored using infrared imaging. After PM, we used immunohistochemistry to label EVN neurons to determine any changes in c‐Fos expression. All tissue was imaged using laser scanning confocal microscopy.ResultsInfrared recording of Ttail during PM indicated that young adult WT and transgenic mice displayed a typical motion sickness response (tail warming), but not in aged WT mice. Similarly, brainstem EVN neurons showed increased expression of c‐Fos protein after PM in young adult WT and transgenic mice but not in aged cohorts.ConclusionWe present evidence that motion sickness symptoms and increased activation of EVN neurons occur in young adult WT and transgenic mice in response to PM. In contrast, aged WT mice showed no signs of motion sickness and no change in c‐Fos expression when exposed to the same provocative stimulus.
Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and in Silico Studies of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Merugu Santha Kumari , Krishnan K V. B. R. , Kumar K Ravi , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Bollikolla Hari Babu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn efficient 1,4‐dihydropyridine synthesis under mild conditions has been developed. Numerous substrates were tested, with yields of 1,4‐dihydropridines ranging from good to excellent and a wide range of functional group tolerance. A549, HT‐29, and HepG2 cancer cells were used to investigate the anticancer efficacy of each of the produced compounds. Additionally, in‐silico docking studies were conducted to understand the structure‐based features of the anticancer mechanism with the cancer medication target of Adenosine A2A receptor as well as the molecular level interactions of the compounds.
Investigating the Antioxidant and Color Properties of Bee Pollens of Various Plant Sources
Authors: Végh Rita , Sipiczki Gizella , Csóka Mariann 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn our study, Central and Eastern European bee pollens of different botanical origins were compared, based on their antioxidant and color properties. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and in vitro antioxidant capacity (by FRAP, CUPRAC, ABTS⋅+ and DPPH⋅ assays) were determined spectrophotometrically. Besides, Relative Antioxidant Capacity Indexes (RACI) were calculated. CIELAB color parameters (L*, a*, b*, chroma) were determined by using a tristimulus‐based instrument. Potential correlations between the investigated parameters were also identified. Based on the results of the preliminary study, ethanol:distilled water (60 : 40) was chosen as an extraction solvent. The total phenolic content of our samples ranged between 9.41 and 27.49 mg GAE/g dw. Pollens showed TFC:TPC ratios between 9 and 44 %. RACI values indicate that rapeseed (Brassica napus), traveller's joy (Clematis vitalba) and phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) pollens have relatively high, while pollens of certain plants of the Asteraceae family possess low antioxidant potential. Antioxidant properties correlated significantly in most cases. RACI values showed strong positive correlation with each of the other antioxidant capacity parameters, suggesting that this approach is well applicable for comparing the antioxidant potential of bee pollens. No clear correlation was found between the antioxidant and color parameters.
Research Progress on the Structural Modification of Magnolol and Honokiol and the Biological Activities of Their Derivatives
Authors: Ming‐Xin Guo M. M. , Wu Xia , Feng Yi‐Fan , Hu Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagnolol and Honokiol are the primary active components that have been identified and extracted from Magnolia officinalis, and several investigations have demonstrated that they have significant pharmacological effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits for a wide range of illnesses, research on and the implementation of these compounds have been hindered by their poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Researchers are continually using chemical methods to alter their structures to make them more effective in treating and preventing diseases. Researchers are also continuously developing derivative drugs with high efficacy and few adverse effects. This article summarizes and analyzes derivatives with significant biological activities reported in recent research obtained by structural modification. The modification sites have mainly focused on the phenolic hydroxy groups, benzene rings, and diene bonds. Changes to the allyl bisphenol structure will result in unexpected benefits, including high activity, low toxicity, and good bioavailability. Furthermore, alongside earlier experimental research in our laboratory, the structure‐activity relationships of magnolol and honokiol were preliminarily summarized, providing experimental evidence for improving their development and utilization.
Nucleic‐Acid‐Templated Synthesis of Smart Polymer Vectors for Gene Delivery
Authors: García Coll José , Ulrich Sébastien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNucleic acids are information‐rich and readily available biomolecules, which can be used to template the polymerization of synthetic macromolecules. Here, we highlight the control over the size, composition, and sequence one can nowadays obtain by using this methodology. We also highlight how templated processes exploiting dynamic covalent polymerization can, in return, result in therapeutic nucleic acids fabricating their own dynamic delivery vector – a biomimicking concept that can provide original solutions for gene therapies.
Recent DFT Calculations on the Mechanism of Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C−O Activation of Alcohols
Authors: Liu DeGuang , Xu ZheYuan , Yu HaiZhu , Fu Yao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been extensively employed to investigate the mechanism of transition metal‐catalyzed C−O activation reactions. These studies provide valuable insights into the structure‐reactivity/selectivity correlations via theoretical simulations and energy profile analysis. Alcohols, a category of molecules that are readily available from biomass and are low cost, represent one of the most extensively studied compounds in organic synthesis. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the DFT studies conducted since 2017 on the C−OH bond activation of alcohols catalyzed by transition metals. Specifically, the activation can be mainly divided into four categories: free radical cleavage, metal insertion, nucleophilic attack, and β‐OH elimination. We will also cover some promising strategies and give a perspective regarding future research directions in this field.
Formation of Single‐Chain Anionic Bolaamphiphiles on Indium Tin Oxide Surfaces through Self‐Assembly To Improve Optoelectronic Device Performance
Authors: Batdelger Ankhnybayar , Lee Soon‐Gyu , Park Sang‐Geon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) was modified with bolaamphiphilic (BA) materials to tune the energy‐level alignment of electrodes in optoelectronic devices (OEDs). Tuning the energy‐level alignment of the electrode is crucial for enhancing OED efficiency by improving carrier injection. Although the dielectric properties of organic solvents influence the formation of BA self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), our study found that the intermolecular forces of the dissolved BA materials and the solution medium are more important for the formation of a well‐ordered film on the electrode. Our results also showed efficient tunneling phenomenon between the electrode and the hole transport layer (HTL) using BA material. The holes were transported to the tunnel junctions where the Fermi energy was sufficiently close to the HOMO band of the BA. Therefore, the tunnel barrier height of the ITO/HTL of the OED was reduced, and favorable conditions for hole injection was created, resulting in a 2–3 times increase in luminance and current density. It is believed that the larger area of interface contact between electrode/BA/HTL and the formation of well‐ordered BA layers are responsible for the improved performance of the BA‐modified electrode surface and OED.
Alkylcyanoborate Anions: Building Blocks for Fluorine‐Free Low‐Viscosity, Electrochemically and Thermally Stable Ionic Liquids
Authors: Schopper Nils , Landmann Johannes , Sprenger Jan A. P. , Zapf Ludwig , Bertermann Rüdiger , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Finze Maik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA set of mixed‐substituted potassium alkylcyano‐ and alkylcyanofluoroborates has been synthesized using easily accessible starting compounds and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In addition, single‐crystal structures of salts of the cyanoborate anions have been derived from X‐ray diffraction experiments. The 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids ([EMIm]+‐RTILs) with the new borate anions have been synthesized and their physicochemical properties, that is, high thermal and electrochemical stability, low viscosity, and high conductivity, have been compared to the properties of related [EMIm]+‐RTILs. The influence of the different alkyl substituents at boron has been assessed. The exemplary study on the properties with the [EMIm]+‐ILs with the mixed water stable alkylcyanoborate anions points towards the potential of these fluorine‐free borate anions, in general.
Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Boronates
Authors: Liashuk Oleksandr S. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Waser Jérôme 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition of alkynyl boronates and maleimides is reported. The developed protocol provided 35–70 % yield of maleimide‐derived cyclobutenyl boronates and demonstrated wide compatibility with various functional groups. The synthetic utility of the prepared building blocks was demonstrated for a range of transformations, including Suzuki cross‐coupling, catalytic or metal‐hydride reduction, oxidation, and cycloaddition reactions. With aryl‐substituted alkynyl boronates, the products of double [2+2] cycloaddition were obtained predominantly. Using the developed protocol, a cyclobutene‐derived analogue of Thalidomide was prepared in one step. Mechanistic studies supported the participation of the triplet‐excited state maleimides and ground state alkynyl boronates in the key step of the process.
Chemical Recycling of Polyolefins with the Molten Metal Reactor at 460 °C
Authors: Riedewald Frank , Zuber Jan , Rathsack Philipp , Duffy Gavin , O'Mahoney Maria , Sousa-Gallagher Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the pyrolysis of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) in a molten metal reactor, where the HDPE is initially in direct contact with molten metal at 460 °C. Due to the equal temperature across the molten metal, secondary reactions are minimised, and long‐chain waxes with boiling points over 600 °C accumulate on the molten metal. Once enough wax has accumulated, further HDPE pyrolysis occurs within the wax in a direct heat transfer reaction.
A beneficiation study to recover xenotime minerals from rich‐iron‐silicate ores
Authors: Nguyen Kien Trung , Nguyen Bac Quang , Nguyen Chi Thi Ha , Pham Chuc Ngoc , Duong Lim Thi , Nguyen Mai Vu Ngoc , Luu Ha Thi Viet , Dao Nhiem Ngoc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Yen Phu (YP) rare‐earth mine, located in Yen Bai, Vietnam, currently reserves 28,000 tons of total rare earth oxides (TREO) with a TREO grade of about 1.16%. A mineralogy study shows the dominance of iron‐oxide‐ and silicate‐bearing minerals in YP ore, whereas xenotime presents as the major rare‐earth metal (REM) bearing mineral. Chemical analyses also exhibit a relatively high proportion of heavy rare earth metals (HREMs) at 41.2%, which suggests the high economic value of YP ores. The factors influencing the flotation involving the pH, the depressant, and the collector dosage were first assessed. Then, a beneficiation flowsheet including grinding, wet magnetic separation, and flotation was recommended and practically conducted to enrich the TREO. The proposed process successfully promoted the TREO grade from 1.16% to 29.70% with a high recovery of 80.31% in the REM concentrates, while a tiny loss of TREO was exhibited in the tailing. The chemical analysis of REM concentrates also demonstrated the conservation of REM composition throughout the beneficiation.
N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide for prediction of ventricular arrhythmias: Data from the SMASH study
Authors: Sourour N. , Riveland E. , Næsgaard P. , Kjekshus H. , Larsen A. I. , Omland T. , Røsjø H. , Myhre P. L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundElevated N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations predict heart failure (HF) and mortality, but whether NT‐proBNP predicts ventricular arrhythmias (VA) is not clear.HypothesisWe hypothesize that high NT‐proBNP concentrations associate with the risk of incident VA, defined as adjudicated ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia.MethodsIn a prospective, observational study of patients treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), we analyzed NT‐proBNP concentrations at baseline and after mean 1.4 years in association to incident VA.ResultsWe included 490 patients (age 66 ± 12 years, 83% men) out of whom 51% had a primary prevention ICD indication. The median NT‐proBNP concentration was 567 (25–75 percentile 203–1480) ng/L and patients with higher concentrations were older with more HF and ICD for primary prevention. During mean 3.1 ± 0.7 years, 137 patients (28%) had ≥1 VA. Baseline NT‐proBNP concentrations were associated with the risk of incident VA (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.22–1.58, p < .001), HF hospitalizations (HR: 3.11, 95% CI: 2.53–3.82, p < .001), and all‐cause mortality (HR: 2.49, 95% CI: 2.04–3.03, p < .001), which persisted after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, coronary artery disease, HF, renal function, and left ventricular ejection fraction. The association with VA was stronger in secondary versus primary prevention ICD indication: HR: 1.59 (95% CI: 1.34–1.88 C‐statistics 0.71) versus HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02–1.51, C‐statistics 0.55), p‐for‐interaction = 0.06. Changes in NT‐proBNP during the first 1.4 years did not associate with subsequent VA.ConclusionsNT‐proBNP concentrations are associated with the risk of incident VA after adjustment for established risk factors, with the strongest association in patients with a secondary prevention ICD indication.
Facile Fabrication of Ultrathin Bimetal‐Organic Nanosheets as High‐Performance Anode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Yang , Hong Xinyi , Zheng Hao , Zhu Renzhi , Liu Yefeng , Gao Hua‐Min , Zhang Yang , Wang Xiaodong , Li Honglin , Yin Xiaojie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional metal‐organic frameworks (2D MOFs) with more exposed active sites and stable structures are auspicious electrode materials for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In the current work, ultrasonic treatment was used to prepare two‐dimensional CoNi‐BDC ultrathin nanosheets (N‐CoNi‐BDC) by coordinating Ni2+, Co2+, and benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC). The N‐CoNi‐BDC was used as the anode of LIBs, demonstrating an exceptional reversible storage capacity of 1358 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. In addition, a charging capacity of 757 mAh g−1 was observed at a high current density of 1 A g−1 without observable capacity degradation up to 300 cycles. The superior behavior of N‐CoNi‐BDC was attributed to its distinct morphology of ultrathin nanosheets with more exposed active sites and stable structures. Ex‐situ FTIR and XPS results revealed that the benzene ring, carboxylate, and Ni2+ in N‐CoNi‐BDC were the active parts of lithium‐ion storage.