bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bias in mobility datasets drives divergence in modeled outbreak dynamics
Authors: Chin Taylor , Johansson Michael A. , Chowdhury Anir , Chowdhury Shayan , Hosan Kawsar , Quader Md Tanvir , Buckee Caroline O. , Mahmud Ayesha S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Digital data sources such as mobile phone call detail records (CDRs) are increasingly being used to estimate population mobility fluxes and to predict the spatiotemporal dynamics of infectious disease outbreaks. Differences in mobile phone operators’ geographic coverage, however, may result in biased mobility estimates.

Methods
We leverage a unique dataset consisting of CDRs from three mobile phone operators in Bangladesh and digital trace data from Meta’s Data for Good program to compare mobility patterns across these sources. We use a metapopulation model to compare the sources’ effects on simulated outbreak trajectories, and compare results with a benchmark model with data from all three operators, representing around 100 million subscribers across the country.

Results
We show that mobility sources can vary significantly in their coverage of travel routes and geographic mobility patterns. Differences in projected outbreak dynamics are more pronounced at finer spatial scales, especially if the outbreak is seeded in smaller and/or geographically isolated regions. In some instances, a simple diffusion (gravity) model was better able to capture the timing and spatial spread of the outbreak compared to the sparser mobility sources.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the potential biases in predicted outbreak dynamics from a metapopulation model parameterized with non-population representative data, and the limits to the generalizability of models built on these types of novel human behavioral data.
Sensitivity to Graphotactic Regularities in Elementary School: Development and Contributing Variables
Authors: Ardanouy Estelle , Delage Hélène , Zesiger Pascal 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Graphotactic regularities are statistical regularities governing orthographic systems that children are sensitive to from the start of their literacy learning. The current study observed changes in children's sensitivity to a set of graphotactic patterns across different grades in elementary school and measured the contribution of skills such as expressive spelling, reading fluency, nonverbal reasoning, and receptive vocabulary to children's sensitivity of these graphotactic regularities.

Method:
One thousand one hundred one French-speaking children in Grades 1–5 completed a writing under a dictation task, a text reading fluency task, and a pseudo-orthographic choice task involving different graphotactic regularities. These regularities fell into two categories: legal versus illegal, which defines the legality of letter strings in French, and frequent versus less frequent, which refers to acceptable letter strings that vary in frequency of occurrence either at the beginning or end of a word.

Results:
The results of a repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a developmental difference between graphotactic regularity categories. The frequent versus infrequent patterns developed faster than the legal versus illegal patterns until reaching a point of equivalence in Grade 3. At Grades 4 and 5, legal versus illegal graphotactic regularities progressed more quickly while frequent versus less frequent regularities progressed more slowly. Furthermore, generalized linear mixed-model analyses for both types of graphotactic regularities revealed that they were affected by grade, expressive spelling, reading fluency level, and nonverbal reasoning.

Conclusions:
This study provides evidence of developmental differences in sensitivity to graphotactic regularities according to the type of regularity studied. Reading fluency and expressive spelling skills contribute to graphotactic regularity sensitivity. Higher scores in expressive spelling, reading fluency, nonverbal reasoning, and an older age were related to higher skills in identifying legal versus illegal graphotactic regularities. Such findings can contribute to educational, clinical, and research applications.
Design of a compact, high-resolution velocity-map imaging spectrometer for attosecond spectroscopy
Authors: Platzer D. , Autuori A. , Schouder C. , Lejman M. , Maëder L. , Marroux H. J. B. , Pothier C. , Salières P. , Poisson L. 
Published: January 2025

We present the design of a VMI spectrometer optimized for attosecond spectroscopy in the 0–40 eV energy range. It is based on a compact three-electrode configuration where the lens shape, size, and material have been optimized using numerical simulations to improve the spectral resolution by a factor of ∼5 relative to the initial design [Eppink and Parker, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3477–3484 (1997)] while keeping a flat spectral response in the 10–40 eV range. The experimental performance is tested using an attosecond source based on high-order harmonic generation. A good agreement is observed between the measured and simulated spectral resolution. At low kinetic energy, the electrostatic lens remains the limiting factor, while the high energy range is mostly affected by the resolution of the camera objective.
Machine translation of tourism reviews
Authors: Rosa-Sorlozano Carmen , Candel-Mora Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Machine translation (MT) has surpassed all quality expectations and its use has increased exponentially in recent
years (Forcada 2017; Sánchez-Gijón, Moorkens, and
Way 2019). One of the most frequent MT applications is the translation of user-generated content (UGC) and, more
specifically, reviews on tourism portals such as Tripadvisor. Several authors agree that the degree of trust and credibility of a
review, as the most important characteristics of UGC, depends largely on the perceived naturalness and authenticity of its writing
(Pollach 2006; Schemmann 2011; Vásquez 2014). The review’s influence on the product’s reputation and on the purchase
decision-making of future users has been fully demonstrated. Since review platforms make reviews available to users in different
languages translated by MT, the quality of MT output should be studied from the point of view of the text’s adaptation to the
requirements of a specific audience and market, following the principles elaborated in localization studies. The aim of this paper
is to analyze the behavior of neural MT of user-generated content from the perspective of localization to check whether MT quality
depends exclusively on linguistic or stylistic aspects or whether the aspects studied by localization, such as linguistic and
cultural appropriateness for the target user, also play a decisive role. We compiled an English-Spanish parallel corpus consisting
of 250 reviews retrieved from Tripadvisor. The reviews were originally written in English and MT processed into Spanish. Then the
quality of the MT output was evaluated following two parameters: correctness and acceptance according to MT quality scales and
localization guidelines.
Efficient polarization emission from metasurface-integrated resonant cavity light-emitting diodes
Authors: Huang Huamao , Zeng Hongshen , Zhang Junhao , Liang Jingqiu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pursuit of advanced illumination and display technologies has driven the development of beam manipulation for GaN micro-sized light-emitting diodes (LEDs). To realize an efficient polarization emission light source, we propose metasurface-integrated resonant cavity LEDs (RCLEDs), incorporating a dual-layer embedded photonic crystal (PhC) within the GaN cavity, and placing a resonant-cavity reflector (RCR) on top of the existing distributed Bragg reflector (denoted as PhC-RCR-RCLED). Numerical simulations reveal a significant enhancement in emission efficiency along with an improved ability to manipulate the emission beams. The averaged transmittance, deflection efficiency, and collection efficiency at the central wavelength for both x- and y-polarizations are 66.9%, 79.6%, and 53.6%, respectively. Compared to the traditional RCLED, our PhC-RCR-RCLED achieves 5.3, 1.2, and 6.3 times enhancements in these three efficiencies. Our scheme paves the way for more efficient and controllable light sources.
Sustainable liquid nitrogen fertilizer production via air plasma bubbles: insights into plasma-enabled N2 fixation chemistry
Authors: Huang Jingwen , Qu Zhongping , Gao Yuting , Fan Jieping , Gan Dingwei , Sun Jing , Li Tianyu , Zhang Tianqi , Cullen Patrick J , Zhou Renwu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Liquid nitrogen fertilizers, such as potassium nitrate (KNO3) have been commonly used in modern agriculture, playing a crucial role in agricultural production. However, its production involves energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly processes such as the Haber-Bosch process. This study demonstrated a new strategy for the sustainable and distributed production of liquid KNO3 fertilizer via air plasma bubbles. We investigated the effects of solution characteristics (initial liquid conductivity, pH) and discharge power on the nitrogen fixation performance of the air plasma bubble system. Using a strongly alkaline solution can induce the increase of vibrational temperature (T
vib) during air plasma discharges, thereby enhancing NO
x
yield together with favoring the NO
x
adsorption process. Moreover, through electrical characteristics and a simplified circuit diagram, we found a highly conductive liquid phase is not conducive to NO
x
generation due to the significant energy dissipation in the liquid before discharge. By further adjusting discharge power parameters and coupling the introduction of O3, the highest energy efficiency (58.5 mmol kWh−1) of NOx production, with an excellent production rate (1687.4 μmol h−1) is achieved. These findings provide an overall understanding of the effects of solution characteristics on gas-liquid plasma chemistry and pave the way for the optimized production of liquid nitrogen fertilizers.
Effect of surface roughness on the fretting corrosion behavior of Inconel 690 alloy tube
Authors: Pan Zhong , Huang Longxiang , Wang Guoping , Yin Meigui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surface roughness which is an important index to evaluate a material’s surface properties, can strongly influence the service performance of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. This study used experimental tests and finite element analysis to investigate the fretting corrosion mechanisms of Inconel 690 alloy tubes of three roughness surfaces (Sa ‘Surface Roughness Average’ ≈ 0.09, 0.25, and 0.50 μm) under 25 °C and 100 °C artificial sea water (3.5% NaCl solution) conditions. Results showed that surface roughness affected the fretting damage and electrochemical corrosion behavior of the alloy tubes significantly. This is mainly due to surface roughness also belongs to a kind of micro-defects, which would influence the fretting contact state and corrosive medium effect, and temperature influenced oxidation. All these conditions led to different fretting corrosion damage.
Noise reduction in abdominal acoustic recordings of maternal placental murmurs
Authors: Eiríksdóttir Dagbjört Helga , Hvass Gry Grønborg , Zimmermann Henrik , Jan Struijk Johannes , Schmidt Samuel Emil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fetal phonocardiography is a well-known auscultation technique for evaluation of fetal health. However, murmurs that are synchronous with the maternal heartbeat can often be heard while listening to fetal heart sounds. Maternal placental murmurs (MPM) could be used to detect maternal cardiovascular and placental abnormalities, but the recorded MPMs are often contaminated by ambient interference and noise. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare noise reduction methods to reduce noise in the recorded MPMs. Approach: 1) Bandpass filtering (BPF), 2) a multichannel noise reduction (MCh) using either Wiener filter (WF), Least-mean-square or Independent component analysis, 3) a combination of BPF with wavelet transient reduction (WTR) and 4) a combination of MCh and WTR. The methods were tested on signals recorded with two microphone units placed on the abdomen of pregnant women with an electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded simultaneously. The performance was evaluated using coherence and heart cycle duration error (HCDError) as compared with the ECG. Results: The mean of the absolute HCDError was 32.7 ms for the BPF with all methods significantly lower (p < 0.05) than BPF. The lowest errors were obtained for WTR-WF where the HCDError ranged 16.68–17.72 ms for seven different filter orders. All methods had significantly different coherence measure compared with BPF (p < 0.05). The lowest coherence was reached with WTR-WF (filter order 640) where the mean value decreased from 0.50 for BPF to 0.03. Significance: These results show how noise reduction techniques such as WF combined with wavelet denoising can greatly enhance the quality of MPM recordings.
Optimized p-doping regional segmentation of 4H-SiC JBS with improved electrical and temperature performance
Authors: Wang Shengxin , Zhou Xuetong , Feng Junhong , Cheng Xinhong , Zheng Li , Wang Qian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The p-doping region is an important component of SiC junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes, which affects the electrical characteristics such as forward voltage drop, reverse leakage current, and breakdown voltage of the device. In this work, the p-doping region structure has been designed and optimized by a regional segmentation method, including doping profile and structural dimensions. Detailed analysis of the impact of different structural dimensions and doping concentrations in the p-doping region on device performance has been conducted through TCAD simulations and verified by device fabrication. Three segmented p-doping regions with optimized gradient doping parameters has been proposed and achieves a high breakdown voltage of 1600 V, low leakage current of only 0.7 μA, reduced forward voltage drop of 1.53 V, and almost zero reverse recovery time under different temperature conditions ranging from 25 °C to 175 °C. The fabricated devices exhibit excellent electrical performance and temperature stability, which show promise for mass production of SiC power applications.
The machine psychology of cooperation: Can GPT models operationalise prompts for altruism, cooperation, competitiveness, and selfishness in economic games?
Authors: Phelps Steve , Russell Yvan I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) are capable of playing the “human” role as participants in economic games. We investigated the capability of GPT-3.5 to play the one-shot Dictator Game (DG) and the repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma game (PDG), the latter of which introduced tit-for-tat scenarios. In particular, we investigated whether the LLMs could be prompted to play in accordance to five roles (“personalities”) assigned prior to game play: the five “simulacra” were: (1) cooperative, (2) competitive, (3) altruistic, (4) selfish, and (5) control, all of which were natural language descriptions (“ruthless equities trader...", “selfless philanthropist...", etc.). We predicted that the LLM-participant would play in accordance to the semantic content of the prompt (ruthless would play ruthlessly, etc.). Across five simulacra (roles), we tested the AI equivalent of 450 human participants (32,400 observations in total, qua counterbalancing and re-testability). Using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) for the PDG, and a cumulative link mixed model (CLMM) for the DG, we found that level of cooperation/donation followed the general pattern of altruistic ≥ cooperative > control > selfish ≥ competitive. We proposed ten hypotheses, three of which were convincingly supported: cooperative/altruistic did cooperate more than competitive/selfish; cooperation was higher in repeated games (PDG); cooperative/altruistic were sensitive to the opponent’s behaviour in repeated games. We also found some variation among the three versions of GPT-3.5 we used. Our study demonstrates the potential of using prompt engineering for LLM-chatbots to study the mechanisms of cooperation in both real and artificial worlds.
“God alone is the searcher & judge of hearts”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks at Jackson’s experience in the years following the War of 1812. An emboldened Jackson engaged in several confrontations with political and military officials, but he also became more devout, often hosting ministers at his plantation, the Hermitage. As the commander responsible for defending the Gulf Coast, Jackson’s decision to seize Spain’s Florida colonies in the First Seminole War produced an international crisis because he ordered the execution of two British subjects apprehended during the invasion. Unresolved questions remain about whether President James Monroe authorized the mission, but Monroe’s administration cautiously backed Jackson, as his widely popular excursion eventually led to American acquisition of the Floridas. Political criticism—especially from former War Secretary William H. Crawford—embittered Jackson, and he left public life—permanently, he assumed—after a brief but frustrating stint as governor of the Florida Territory.
“providence will spare me untill my enemies are prostrate”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks at Jackson’s emergence as a presidential candidate. Publicly, Jackson showed little interest in the presidency. Calls for his election stoked his competitive nature, but he resolved to leave his political future in the hands of providence. After his unexpected election to the Senate, he acted to dispel accusations that he would become a “military despot,” and he won the plurality of popular and Electoral College votes in the Election of 1824. After the House of Representatives instead chose John Quincy Adams, Jackson charged that a “corrupt bargain” had “stolen” the election from the people. Though now more religious, in the Election of 1828, he rejected appeals for him to lead a “Christian Party in Politics.” Mudslinging characterized the campaign, and despite the charges against him in the “Coffin Handbill,” Jackson’s religious reputation helped him win the first “modern” presidential election.
Surveying Iron Age Infant and Child Burials on the Philistine Coast
Authors: Garroway Kristine Henriksen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multiple infant and child burials have been associated with cities along the Philistine Plain. All the burials show care for the youngest members of society. During the Iron I period, intramural burials remained popular. Some of these show continuity with the older Canaanite jar burials. Yet other burials, such as the pit burials at Ashkelon, demonstrate new attitudes toward the dying infant. Theories of place-making related to residential burials are applied to interpret these burials and the personhood of the dying individuals. The extramural burials are not as numerous. In the two cemeteries discussed, Azor and Ashkelon, a significant number of infants are missing. The one extramural family burial cave, associated with Tell es-Safi / Gath, demonstrates a radically different approach to the death of children. Overall, the picture of child burials in the Philistine Plain presents a variety of methods and beliefs about a child’s place in the household of death, which is unsurprising given the cosmopolitan nature of this geographic region.
Surveying Iron Age Infant and Child Burials in Phoenician-Influenced Areas
Authors: Garroway Kristine Henriksen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Phoenician burials are known for their location near water and their diversity in method. Out of all the methods, cremation is the one most associated with Phoenicians. Most cremations carried out in the Levant were those of adults. Widespread infant cremation cemeteries, such as those found at Carthage, are not found in the Phoenician homeland or in ancient Israel. Despite this fact, some infants and children were cremated at Achzib, ‘Atlit, Tell er-Reqeish, and Tell el-Far‘ah South, sites with cremated adults, and a strong Phoenician presence. The presence or absence of grave goods with the cremated individual are thought to be indicative of how an individual’s society related to their dying body as their personhood transformed through the cremation process. Theories surrounding grave goods, usually applied to adults, are here applied to the cremated children in an attempt to understand how pockets of Phoenician-influenced regions in ancient Israel related to their children in death.
Introducing the Reasoning View
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains why anyone might care about philosophical theorizing about reasons for action. It emphasizes important arguments from seemingly anodyne principles to highly controversial ideas about morality and the mind. The central interest of the topic is thus understanding and perhaps refuting those arguments. The chapter distinguishes two main concepts of reasons for action: normative reasons and motivating reasons. It provides an overview of the main assumptions of the Reasoning View about each type of reason, situating the view in the literature. It gives an outline of the rest of the book, and it contains a “tl;dr”: if you only read one section of the book, let it be Section 1.8 of this chapter.
Hearing the Thirty Years War through the Psalms
Authors: Stauff Derek L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the best examples of a biblical text that became political during the Thirty Years War is Psalm 83, “Gott schweige doch nicht also” (“God, keep not silent”). Lutherans consistently interpreted it as ecclesial, seeing it as a prayer voiced by the persecuted church. Its contemporary significance can be illustrated by a famous sermon on the psalm by the Saxon Senior Court Preacher, Matthias Hoë von Hoënegg, delivered at the Leipzig Convention in 1631 during the high-water mark of confessional conflict. Hoë brought an otherwise obscure psalm to the forefront of Protestant debates about potential war with Catholics. It can be no coincidence that the handful of elaborate musical settings of Psalm 83 from the seventeenth century all come from central Germany and date from the most religiously divided years of the Thirty Years War. Three pieces—by Tobias Michael, Samuel Scheidt, and an anonymous composer—date securely from the 1630s and might have even been inspired by Hoë’s sermon at the Leipzig Convention. Beyond Saxony, another group of settings from Breslau in the 1640s also owe their existence to religious upheaval in Silesia. These pieces, moreover, are remarkable for the way they deliberately alter or paraphrase the psalm text to highlight its polemical nature.