bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's perspectives on their play experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A video‐based interview study
Authors: Graber Kelsey , O'Farrelly Christine , Ramchandani Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown regulations introduced many changes to children's everyday lives, including play, creating a unique pandemic experience for children. For this qualitative study, 15 children (ages 3–10) participated in virtual interviews on play during the pandemic between August and October 2020. While children recognised changes to play, it had persisted despite restrictions—play itself was not on lockdown. Children showed that play remained valuable and was an expression of adaptability, confidence and positivity. These considerations can help us support children's childhoods during crises, as children are members of society with rights to voice their opinions on matters affecting their lives.
Changes of gut microbiota in patients at different phases of stroke
Authors: Cui Wei , Xu Li , Huang Lin , Tian Yang , Yang Yan , Li Yamei , Yu Qian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsGut dysbiosis appears rapidly after acute stroke and may affect the prognosis, whereas changes in gut microbiota with gradual recovery from stroke are unknown and rarely studied. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota changes over time after stroke.MethodsStroke patients and healthy subjects were selected to compare the clinical data and gut microbiota of the patient group in two phases with that of healthy subjects and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to search the differences of gut microbiota in subjects.ResultsCompared with the healthy subjects, the subacute patients mainly decreased the abundance of some gut microbial communities, while the decreased communities reduced and more communities increased the abundance in the convalescent patients. The abundance of Lactobacillaceae increased in both phases in patient group, while Butyricimona, Peptostreptococaceae and Romboutsia decreased in both phases. Correlation analysis found that the MMSE scores of patients in the two phases had the greatest correlation with the gut microbiota.ConclusionGut dysbiosis still existed in patients in the subacute phase and convalescent phase, and gradually improved with the recovery of stroke. Gut microbiota may affect the prognosis of stroke by affecting BMI and/or related indicators, and there is a strong correlation between gut microbiota and cognitive function after stroke.
The interaction between intestinal microenvironment and stroke
Authors: Zhao Linna , Xiao Jie , Li Songlin , Guo Yuying , Fu Rong , Hua Shengyu , Du Yuzheng , Xu Shixin 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundStroke is not only a major cause of disability but also the third leading cause of death, following heart disease and cancer. It has been established that stroke causes permanent disability in 80% of survivors. However, current treatment options for this patient population are limited. Inflammation and immune response are major features that are well‐recognized to occur after a stroke. The gastrointestinal tract hosts complex microbial communities, the largest pool of immune cells, and forms a bidirectional regulation brain‐gut axis with the brain. Recent experimental and clinical studies have highlighted the importance of the relationship between the intestinal microenvironment and stroke. Over the years, the influence of the intestine on stroke has emerged as an important and dynamic research direction in biology and medicine.AimsIn this review, we describe the structure and function of the intestinal microenvironment and highlight its cross‐talk relationship with stroke. In addition, we discuss potential strategies aiming to target the intestinal microenvironment during stroke treatment.ConclusionThe structure and function of the intestinal environment can influence neurological function and cerebral ischemic outcome. Improving the intestinal microenvironment by targeting the gut microbiota may be a new direction in treating stroke.
Medial prefrontal cortical PPM1F alters depression‐related behaviors by modifying p300 activity via the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Jing , Meng Fantao , Wang Wentao , Wu Min , Zhang Yu , Cui Minghu , Qiu Changyun , Hu Fengai , Zhao Di , Wang Dan , Liu Cuilan , Liu Dunjiang , Xu Zhicheng , Wang Yameng , Li Wei , Li Chen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsProtein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+‐dependent 1F (PPM1F) is a serine/threonine phosphatase, and its dysfunction in depression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus has been previously identified. Nevertheless, its role in depression of another critical emotion‐controlling brain region, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), remains unclear. We explored the functional relevance of PPM1F in the pathogenesis of depression.MethodsThe gene expression levels and colocalization of PPM1F in the mPFC of depressed mice were measured by real‐time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. An adeno‐associated virus strategy was applied to determine the impact of knockdown or overexpression of PPM1F in the excitatory neurons on depression‐related behaviors under basal and stress conditions in both male and female mice. The neuronal excitability, expression of p300 and AMPK phosphorylation levels in the mPFC after knockdown of PPM1F were measured by electrophysiological recordings, real‐time PCR and western blot. The depression‐related behavior induced by PPM1F knockdown after AMPKα2 knockout or the antidepressant activity of PPM1F overexpression after inhibiting acetylation activity of p300 was evaluated.ResultsOur results indicate that the expression levels of PPM1F were largely decreased in the mPFC of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Behavioral alterations relevant to depression emerged with short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated genetic knockdown of PPM1F in the mPFC, while overexpression of PPM1F produced antidepressant activity and ameliorated behavioral responses to stress in CUS‐exposed mice. Molecularly, PPM1F knockdown decreased the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the mPFC, and restoring this low excitability decreased the depression‐related behaviors induced by PPM1F knockdown. PPM1F knockdown reduced the expression of CREB‐binding protein (CBP)/E1A‐associated protein (p300), a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and induced hyperphosphorylation of AMPK, resulting in microglial activation and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Conditional knockout of AMPK revealed an antidepressant phenotype, which can also block depression‐related behaviors induced by PPM1F knockdown. Furthermore, inhibiting the acetylase activity of p300 abolished the beneficial effects of PPM1F elevation on CUS‐induced depressive behaviors.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that PPM1F in the mPFC modulates depression‐related behavioral responses by regulating the function of p300 via the AMPK signaling pathway.
Involvement of the scalloped gene in morphogenesis of the wing margin via regulating cell growth in a hemimetabolous insect Gryllus bimaculatus
Authors: Yamashita Takahisa , Ohde Takahiro , Nakamura Taro , Ishimaru Yoshiyasu , Watanabe Takahito , Tomonari Sayuri , Nakamura Yuki , Noji Sumihare , Mito Taro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe acquisition of wings was a key event in insect evolution. As hemimetabolous insects were the first group to acquire functional wings, establishing the mechanisms of wing formation in this group could provide useful insights into their evolution. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the expression and function of the gene scalloped (sd), which is involved in wing formation in Drosophila melanogaster, and in Gryllus bimaculatus mainly during postembryonic development. Expression analysis showed that sd is expressed in the tergal edge, legs, antennae, labrum, and cerci during embryogenesis and in the distal margin of the wing pads from at least the sixth instar in the mid to late stages. Because sd knockout caused early lethality, nymphal RNA interference experiments were performed. Malformations were observed in the wings, ovipositor, and antennae. By analyzing the effects on wing morphology, it was revealed that sd is mainly involved in the formation of the margin, possibly through the regulation of cell proliferation. In conclusion, sd might regulate the local growth of wing pads and influence wing margin morphology in Gryllus.
Risk factors of menopause after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in premenopausal adult women
Authors: Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Jeong Sook , Jo Jae‐Cheol , Kim Youjin , Im Hyeon‐Soo , Kim Hyeyeong , Koh SuJin , Min Young Joo , Park Sang‐Hyuk , Ahn Jun Woo , Choi Yunsuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesAllogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative option for most hematologic malignancies. However, HSCT can cause early menopause and various complications in premenopausal women. Therefore, we aimed to investigate risk factors predicting early menopause and its clinical implications among survivors post HCT.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 30 adult women who had received HCT at premenopausal status between 2015 and 2018. We excluded patients who had received autologous stem cell transplantation, had relapsed, or died of any cause within 2 years of HCT.ResultsThe median age at HCT was 41.6 years (range, 22–53). Post‐HCT menopause was identified in 90% of myeloablative conditioning (MAC) HCT and 55% of reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) HCT (p = .101). In the multivariate analysis, the post‐HCT menopausal risk was 21 times higher in a MAC regimen containing 4 days of busulfan (p = .016) and 9.3 times higher in RIC regimens containing 2–3 days of busulfan (p = .033) than that of non‐busulfan‐based conditioning regimens.ConclusionsHigher busulfan dose in conditioning regimens is the most significant risk factor affecting post‐HCT early menopause. Considering our data, we need to decide on conditioning regimens and individualized fertility counseling before HCT for premenopausal women.
A narrative review of the socioeconomic burden associated with generalised pustular psoriasis
Authors: Zimmermann Thomas M. , Hofmann Patrick , Chiu Gretchen R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGeneralised pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic and life‐threatening inflammatory skin disease characterised by widespread eruption of sterile pustules. With the approval of a GPP flare treatment in several countries occurring only recently, the socioeconomic burden associated with GPP is not well established. To highlight current evidence for patient burden, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs associated with GPP. Patient burden results from serious complications including sepsis and cardiorespiratory failure causing hospitalization and death. HCRU is driven by high hospitalization rates and treatment costs. The mean duration of a GPP hospital stay ranges from 10 to 16 days. A quarter of patients require intensive care, and the mean intensive care stay is 18 days. In comparison to patients with plaque psoriasis (PsO), patients with GPP have: a 64% higher score on the Charlson Comorbidity Index; higher hospitalization rates (≤36.3% vs. ≤23.3%); lower overall quality of life, and higher symptom scores for pain, itch, fatigue, anxiety and depression; direct costs associated with treatment 1.3‐ to 4.5‐fold higher; higher rates of disabled work status (20.0% vs. 7.6%); and increased presenteeism (i.e. worse impairment at work), impaired daily activities, and medically related absenteeism. Current medical management and drug treatment utilising non‐GPP‐specific therapies impose a significant patient and direct economic burden. GPP also imposes an indirect economic burden by increasing work productivity impairment and medically related absenteeism. This high level of socioeconomic burden reinforces the need for new therapies with proven efficacy in the treatment of GPP.
Does corporate diversification retrench the effects of firm‐level political risk?
Authors: Hassan M. Kabir , Karim M. Sydul , Mukherjee Tarun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of firm‐level political risk on corporate investments. We find that diversified firms are better able than focused firms in mitigating the impact of idiosyncratic political risk on investments. Diversified firms accomplish this feat via efficient use of the internal capital market that allows segments to alleviate political risk adversity. The effect is working through the channel of exacerbation of financial constraints. When exposed to political risk, diversified firms do not spend more on lobbying and political donations than the focused firms in the subsequent period, implying that diversified firms do not manage political risk politically. Our main findings are robust to a battery of endogeneity tests.
Niche breadth explains the range size of European‐centred butterflies, but dispersal ability does not
Authors: Hausharter Johannes , Rashid Sonia , Wessely Johannes , Strutzenberger Patrick , Moser Dietmar , Gattringer Andreas , Fiedler Konrad , Hülber Karl , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe breadth of ecological niches and dispersal abilities have long been discussed as important determinants of species' range sizes. However, studies directly comparing the relative effects of both factors are rare, taxonomically biased and revealed inconsistent results.LocationEurope.Time PeriodCenozoic.Major TaxaButterflies, Lepidoptera.MethodsWe relate climate, diet and habitat niche breadth and two indicators of dispersal ability, wingspan and a dispersal tendency index, to the global range size of 369 European‐centred butterfly species. The relative effects of these five predictors and their variation across the butterfly phylogeny were assessed by means of phylogenetic generalized least squares models and phylogenetically weighted regressions respectively.ResultsClimate niche breadth was the most important single predictor, followed by habitat and diet niche breadth, while dispersal tendency and wingspan showed no relation to species' range size. All predictors together explained 59% of the variation in butterfly range size. However, the effects of each predictor varied considerably across families and genera.Main ConclusionsRange sizes of European‐centred butterflies are strongly correlated with ecological niche breadth but apparently independent of dispersal ability. The magnitude of range size–niche breadth relationships is not stationary across the phylogeny and is often negatively correlated across the different dimensions of the ecological niche. This variation limits the generalizability of range size–trait relationships across broad taxonomic groups.
Patient engagement in health implementation research: A logic model
Authors: Bisson Mathieu , Aubrey‐Bassler Kris , Chouinard Maud‐Christine , Doucet Shelley , Ramsden Vivian R. , Dumont‐Samson Olivier , Howse Dana , Lambert Mireille , Schwarz Charlotte , Luke Alison , Rabbitskin Norma , Gaudreau André , Porter Jude , Rubenstein Donna , Taylor Jennifer , Warren Mike , Hudon Catherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionGrowing evidence supports patient engagement (PE) in health implementation research to improve the quality, relevance and uptake of research. However, more guidance is needed to plan and operationalize PE before and throughout the research process. The aim of the study was to develop a logic model illustrating the causal links between context, resources, activities, outcomes and impact of PE in an implementation research programme.MethodsThe Patient Engagement in Health Implementation Research Logic Model (hereafter the Logic Model) was developed using a descriptive qualitative design with a participatory approach, in the context of the PriCARE programme. This programme aims to implement and evaluate case management for individuals who frequently use healthcare services in primary care clinics across five Canadian provinces. Participant observation of team meetings was performed by all team members involved in the programme and in‐depth interviews were conducted by two external research assistants with team members (n = 22). A deductive thematic analysis using components of logic models as coding categories was conducted. Data were pooled in the first version of the Logic Model, which was refined in research team meetings with patient partners. The final version was validated by all team members.ResultsThe Logic Model highlights the importance of integrating PE into the project before its commencement, with appropriate support in terms of funding and time allocation. The governance structure and leadership of both principal investigators and patient partners have significant effects on PE activities and outcomes. As an empirical and standardized illustration that facilitates a shared understanding, the Logic Model provides guidance for maximizing the impact of patient partnership in various contexts for research, patients, providers and health care.ConclusionThe Logic Model will help academic researchers, decision makers and patient partners plan, operationalize, and assess PE in implementation research for optimal outcomes.Patient or Public ContributionPatient partners from the PriCARE research programme contributed to developing the research objectives and designing, developing and validating data collection tools, producing data, developing and validating the Logic Model and reviewing the manuscript.
Nursing home staff perceptions of well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: van Diepen Cornelia , Vestjens Lotte , Nieboer Anna P. , Scheepers Renée 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore how nursing home staff perceived their work environment during the COVID‐19 pandemic and how this impacted their well‐being.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsInterviews were held with twenty‐two registered nurses and assistant nurses from five nursing homes in the Netherlands between April 2021 and July 2021. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) were followed.ResultsFive themes emerged from the interviews and indicated that working during the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted perceived well‐being of nursing home staff. Three themes concerned experiences at work: eroding care, additional roles and workplace support. Specifically, the increased workload with additional tasks, the constant stream of new guidelines and constrictive personal protective equipment caused discomfort and anxiety. Two other themes concerned experiences outside of work: work‐life interference and social interactions and status. The nurses reported that when they returned home after work, they were tired and worried about spreading the virus while facing limited social interactions and support.ConclusionThe social distancing measures due to the COVID‐19 pandemic negatively impacted nursing home staff well‐being by increasing demands in the absence of adequate resources.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe well‐being needs of nurses should receive continued attention to ensure the sustainability of healthcare during future crises.Patient or Public ContributionThe nursing home managers participated in recommending the topics to be covered during interviews.Impact

What problem did the study address? The pressure of stressful working conditions on the well‐being of nurses during the pandemic.

What were the main findings? Nurses created strategies to cope with declining well‐being. However, the available resources did not alleviate the increased demands caused by the pandemic.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact? This study is important for healthcare organizations to understand how the COVID‐19 pandemic affected nurses so that they may better prepare for future crises.
Toll‐like receptor 4‐mediated microglial inflammation exacerbates early white matter injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Peng Jianhua , Xie Yuke , Pang Jinwei , Wu Yue , Zhou Jian , Gu Long , Guo Kecheng , Zhang Lifang , Xie Bingqing , Yin Shigang , Sun Xiaochuan , Chen Ligang , Jiang Yong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeuroinflammation has been reported to be associated with white matter injury (WMI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). As the main resident immune cells of the brain, microglia can be activated into proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory phenotypes. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), expressed on the surface of the microglia, plays a key role in microglial inflammation. However, the relationship between TLR4, microglial polarization, and WMI following SAH remains unclear. In this study, a total of 121 male adult C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) mice, 20 WT mice at postnatal day 1 (P1), and 41 male adult TLR4 gene knockout (TLR4−/−) mice were used to investigate the potential role of TLR4‐induced microglial polarization in early WMI after SAH by radiological, histological, microstructural, transcriptional, and cytological evidence. The results indicated that microglial inflammation was associated with myelin loss and axon damage, shown as a decrease in myelin basic protein (MBP), as well as increase in degraded myelin basic protein (dMBP) and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Gene knockout of TLR4 revised microglial polarization toward the anti‐inflammatory phenotype and protected the white matter at an early phase after SAH (24 h), as shown through reduction of toxic metabolites, preservation of myelin, reductions in APP accumulation, reductions in white matter T2 hyperintensity, and increases in FA values. Cocultures of microglia and oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for myelin production and maintenance, were established to further elucidate the relationship between microglial polarization and WMI. In vitro, TLR4 inhibition decreased the expression of microglial MyD88 and phosphorylated NF‐κB, thereby inhibiting M1 polarization and mitigating inflammation. Decrease in TLR4 in the microglia increased preservation of neighboring oligodendrocytes. In conclusion, microglial inflammation has dual effects on early WMI after experimental SAH. Future explorations on more clinically relevant methods for modulating neuroinflammation are warranted to combat stroke with both WMI and gray matter destruction.image
Difficulties in nurturing a sense of justice
Authors: Kuch Hannes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper analyzes Rawls's moral psychology and the claim that a just society must foster a sufficiently strong sense of justice. When Rawls investigates the development of the sense of justice under a just basic structure, he tacitly narrows down the focus: he only demonstrates the development of a sense of justice on the premise that all members of society are already in possession of a full‐fledged sense of justice, save the one individual under investigation. This begs the question, largely presupposing what needs to be explained, namely, how citizens at large develop a sense of justice. Rawls's narrowing of perspective leads to distortions in the analysis of stability, particularly with regard to a property‐owning democracy. However, in lesser known parts of his work, Rawls offers clues for a more plausible account. Here, the idea is that institutions must be structured such that they enable all of us to nurture the sense of justice of each of us. With this idea of collective self‐transformation in place, it becomes clear that economic institutions must be broadly democratized because of their profound educational role. Thus, the choice between a property‐owning democracy and liberal socialism falls more strongly upon the latter.