bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection results in upregulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 and Neuroserpin in the lungs, and an increase in fibrinolysis inhibitors associated with disease severity
Authors: Toomer Kevin H. , Gerber Gloria F. , Zhang Yifan , Daou Laetitia , Tushek Michael , Hooper Jody E. , Francischetti Ivo M. B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection results in coagulation activation although it is usually not associated with consumption coagulopathy. D‐dimers are also commonly elevated despite systemic hypofibrinolysis. To understand these unusual features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) coagulopathy, 64 adult patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (36 moderate and 28 severe) and 16 controls were studied. We evaluated the repertoire of plasma protease inhibitors (Serpins, Kunitz, Kazal, Cystatin‐like) targeting the fibrinolytic system: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), Tissue Plasminogen Activator/Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 complex (t‐PA/PAI‐1), α‐2‐Antiplasmin, Plasmin‐α2‐Antiplasmin Complex, Thrombin‐activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI)/TAFIa, Protease Nexin‐1 (PN‐1), and Neuroserpin (the main t‐PA inhibitor of the central nervous system). Inhibitors of the common (Antithrombin, Thrombin‐antithrombin complex, Protein Z [PZ]/PZ inhibitor, Heparin Cofactor II, and α2‐Macroglobulin), Protein C ([PC], Protein C inhibitor, and Protein S), contact (Kallistatin, Protease Nexin‐2/Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein, and α‐1‐Antitrypsin), and complement (C1‐Inhibitor) pathways, in addition to Factor XIII, Histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) and Vaspin were also investigated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The association of these markers with disease severity was evaluated by logistic regression. Pulmonary expression of PAI‐1 and Neuroserpin in the lungs from eight post‐mortem cases was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results show that six patients (10%) developed thrombotic events, and mortality was 11%. There was no significant reduction in plasma anticoagulants, in keeping with a compensated state. However, an increase in fibrinolysis inhibitors (PAI‐1, Neuroserpin, PN‐1, PAP, and t‐PA/PAI‐1) was consistently observed, while HRG was reduced. Furthermore, these markers were associated with moderate and/or severe disease. Notably, immunostains demonstrated overexpression of PAI‐1 in epithelial cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells of fatal COVID‐19, while Neuroserpin was found in intraalveolar macrophages only. These results imply that the lungs in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection provide anti‐fibrinolytic activity resulting in a shift toward a local and systemic hypofibrinolytic state predisposing to (immuno)thrombosis, often in a background of compensated disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Modeling the impact of techno‐stress and burnout on employees’ work‐life balance and turnover intention: A job demands‐resources theory perspective
Authors: Sharma Indu , Tiwari Vivek 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn an increasingly digitized work environment, techno‐stress is becoming one of the most important concerns for employees. Based on the premise of job demands‐resources (JD‐R) theory, this study looks to determine how techno‐stressors affect employees’ work‐life balance (WLB) and turnover intention through burnout; and to what level positive psychological capital could moderate this relationship. We gathered data in a time‐lagged approach from 528 employees of Indian IT companies. To test the hypotheses, we applied a moderation‐mediation model. Further, the statistical analysis of the aforementioned associations was carried out using Smart‐partial least squares (PLS). The results suggest that burnout does mediate the relationship between techno‐stress and employees’ WLB. Secondly, psychological capital as a resource does moderate the impact of techno‐stress on burnout. Through these findings, the authors contribute to an extant literature by emphasizing the significance of recognizing techno‐stress, and managing technology‐induced burnout along with theoretical and practical implications offered.
Reduced breeding densities associated with spatially concentrated harvest of willow ptarmigan in Alaska
Authors: Frye Graham G. , Lindberg Mark S. , Merizon Richard A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of harvest on wildlife populations is fundamental to theoretical wildlife science and applied wildlife management. Demographic compensation plays a key role in models of wildlife population dynamics and in developing harvest strategies. The degree and form of compensation in a given population depend on its particular ecological and life‐history characteristics and the timing and magnitude of harvest. Consequently, substantial variation exists in compensatory potential among populations, and it cannot be assumed that a particular population is capable of compensating for harvest. This underscores the importance of population‐specific assessments of responses to harvest. We examined the hypothesis that concentrated hunting pressure in road‐accessible areas reduces subsequent breeding season densities of willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus), in Alaska, USA, 2014–2015. We estimated breeding season densities of ptarmigan territories at sites within hunted access corridors and at remote sites with little or no hunting pressure. Estimated densities were substantially higher at remote sites (5.3–5.8 territories/km2) than at accessible sites (1.8–3.7 territories/km2). Two habitat‐proxy covariates, distance to water and elevation (modeled as smoothed effects), exhibited strong associations with the density of ptarmigan territories. These results suggest a possible additive effect of spatially concentrated harvest on local breeding densities.
The Topology of Polymer Brushes Determines Their Nanoscale Hydration
Authors: Vagias Apostolos , Nelson Andrew , Wang Peixi , Reitenbach Julija , Geiger Christina , Kreuzer Lucas Philipp , Saerbeck Thomas , Cubitt Robert , Benetti Edmondo Maria , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTime‐of‐flight neutron reflectometry (ToF‐NR) performed under different relative humidity conditions demonstrates that polymer brushes constituted by hydrophilic, cyclic macromolecules exhibit a more compact conformation with lower roughness as compared to linear brush analogues, due to the absence of dangling chain ends extending at the polymer–vapor interface. In addition, cyclic brushes feature a larger swelling ratio and an increased solvent uptake with respect to their linear counterparts as a consequence of the increased interchain steric repulsions. It is proposed that differences in swelling ratios between linear and cyclic brushes come from differences in osmotic pressure experienced by each brush topology. These differences stem from entropic constraints. The findings suggest that to correlate the equilibrium swelling ratios at different relative humidity for different topologies a new form of the Flory‐like expression for equilibrium thicknesses of grafted brushes is needed.
Emergence and Stability of Hierarchical Structures under Cylindrical Confinement
Authors: Chen Tiancheng , Xu Yuci 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFocusing on the formation of hierarchical structure under cylindrical confinement, the self‐assembly of A(BC)2B multiblock copolymer of chain length N in a nanopore with size R is studied using the self‐consistent field theory. The hierarchical concentric ring (HCk), hierarchical perforated cylinder (HPk), hierarchical helix (HHk), and even hierarchical disk (HDk) is obtained with different number of mid‐thin layers k via a proposed design principle. The results show that large pore size and χAB favor the hierarchical structure with more k, while χBC prefers hierarchical structure with less k, consistent with the results of hierarchical structure in bulk. By investigating the effect of the volume fraction of the tail A block (fA), the phase transition sequence, HCk → HPk → HHk → HDk is explored, which shares the same transition of multiblock copolymer in bulk with Lk → Gk → Ck → Sk. Finally, the phase diagram with respect to the fA and R is explored, where the stability regime of these hierarchical structures is well understood. The results provide a compelling panacea for the fabrication of hierarchical 3D nanostructures under confinement.
Changes in electrophysiological findings suggestive of demyelination following Guillain‐Barré syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Guémy Clément , Durand Marie‐Christine , Brisset Marion , Nicolas Guillaume 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAcute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) is the most common form of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in Western countries. However, electrophysiological descriptions of changes in abnormalities suggestive of demyelination after an AIDP episode are rare. We aimed to describe the clinical and electrophysiological features of AIDP patients after the acute episode, to investigate changes in abnormalities suggestive of demyelination and to compare with electrophysiological features of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).MethodsWe reviewed the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of 61 patients followed at regular intervals after the AIDP episode.ResultsWe detected early electrophysiological abnormalities from the first nerve conduction studies (NCS) performed before 3 wk. Abnormalities suggestive of demyelination worsened on subsequent examinations. This worsening continued after more than 3 mo of follow‐up for some parameters. We also found the persistence of abnormalities suggestive of demyelination for long periods after the acute episode, beyond 18 mo of follow‐up, despite clinical improvement in most patients.DiscussionIn AIDP, NCS findings continue to worsen several weeks or even months after the onset of symptoms, and “CIDP‐like” abnormalities suggestive of demyelination may persist for a long period of time, in contrast to the existing literature and the usually favorable clinical course. Thus, the discovery of conduction abnormalities on NCS performed long after an AIDP should always be interpreted according to the clinical context and not systematically lead to a diagnosis of CIDP.
The impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunization on COVID‐19 disease course in people with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Bakirtzis Christos , Boziki Marina‐Kleopatra , Karakasi Maria‐Valeria , Moysiadis Theodoros , Grigoriadis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThere is limited knowledge regarding the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines οn coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) disease course in people with myasthenia gravis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination influences hospitalization and mortality due to COVID‐19 in this population.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of administrative data extracted from the Greek nationwide database that holds the COVID‐19 disease and vaccination registry, as well as all medical prescription records. The study period extended from the onset of the pandemic (February 2020) until the 10th of January 2022.ResultsWe identified 278 people with myasthenia gravis (mean age 58.1 ± 17.2, 47.5% males) who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Of those, 139 (50%) were not vaccinated at the time of infection. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of hospitalization increased with age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.058; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.036–1.080; p < .001) and immunosuppressive treatment (OR: 2.872; 95% CI 1.412–5.839; p = .004), and decreased with vaccination (OR: 0.244; 95% CI 0.132–0.453; p < .001). The probability of a fatal outcome increased with age (OR: 1.085; 95% CI 1.043–1.129; p < .001) and decreased with vaccination (OR: 0.315; 95% CI 0.125–0.791; p = .014).DiscussionSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination significantly reduces hospitalization and mortality due to COVID‐19 in people with myasthenia gravis. This study regarding the efficacy of these vaccines, together with previous studies regarding their safety, provide evidence to support their use in people with myasthenia gravis.
Trends in Timing and Provision of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Care During COVID‐19
Authors: Noij Kimberley S. , Huang Emily Y. , Walsh Jonathan , Creighton Francis X. , Galaiya Deepa , Bowditch Stephen P. , Stewart C. Matthew , Jenks Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo identify trends in timing of pediatric cochlear implant (CI) care during COVID‐19.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsPatients under 18 years of age who underwent CI between 1/1/2016 and 2/29/2020 were included in the pre‐COVID‐19 group, and patients implanted between 3/1/2020 and 12/31/2021 comprised the COVID‐19 group. Revision and sequential surgeries were excluded. Time intervals between care milestones including severe‐to‐profound hearing loss diagnosis, initial CI candidacy evaluation, and surgery were compared among groups, as were the number and type of postoperative visits.ResultsA total of 98 patients met criteria; 70 were implanted pre‐COVID‐19 and 28 during COVID‐19. A significant increase in the interval between CI candidacy evaluation and surgery was seen among patients with prelingual deafness during COVID‐19 compared with pre‐COVID‐19 (µ = 47.3 weeks, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.8‐59.9 vs µ = 20.5 weeks, 95% CI: 13.1‐27.9; p < .001). Patients in the COVID‐19 group attended fewer in‐person rehabilitation visits in the 12 months after surgery (µ = 14.9 visits, 95% CI: 9.7‐20.1 vs µ = 20.9, 95% CI: 18.1‐23.7; p = .04). Average age at implantation in the COVID‐19 group was 5.7 years (95% CI: 4.0‐7.5) versus 3.7 years in the pre‐COVID‐19 group (95% CI: 2.9‐4.6; p = .05). The time interval between hearing loss confirmation and CI surgery was on average 99.7 weeks for patients implanted during COVID‐19 (95% CI: 48.8‐150) versus 54.2 weeks for patients implanted pre‐COVID (95% CI: 39.6‐68.8), which was not a statistically significant difference (p = .1).ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic patients with prelingual deafness experienced delays in care relative to patients implanted before the pandemic.
Nasal Swell Body Characteristics in Patients With Septal Perforation
Authors: Brake Daniela A. , Snider Sam , Miglani Amar , Hamilton Grant S. , Bansberg Stephen F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether septal perforations have an effect on nasal swell body (NSB) size.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTwo tertiary academic medical centers.MethodsComputed tomography maxillofacial scans of 126 patients with septal perforation and 140 control patients from November 2010 to December 2020 were evaluated. Perforation etiology was determined. Measurements included perforation length and height and swell body width, height, and length. Swell body volume was calculated.ResultsThe width and volume of the NSB are significantly smaller in perforation patients when compared to controls. The swell body is significantly smaller and thinner in perforations exceeding 14 mm in height compared to small perforations. Perforation etiology groupings into prior septal surgery, septal trauma, septal inflammatory, and mucosal vasoconstriction categories all demonstrated decreased swell body volume and width compared to controls. Inflammatory etiology had the greatest decrease in swell body size. The hemi‐swell body on the contralateral side of a septal deviation is significantly thicker than the ipsilateral side.ConclusionThe NSB is smaller in patients with septal perforation regardless of perforation size or etiology.
Social determinants of neurocognitive and academic performance in sickle cell disease
Authors: Heitzer Andrew M. , Okhomina Victoria I. , Trpchevska Ana , MacArthur Erin , Longoria Jennifer , Potter Brian , Raches Darcy , Johnson Ayanna , Porter Jerlym S. , Kang Guolian , Hankins Jane S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with poor neurocognitive outcomes due to biomedical and psychosocial factors. The aims of this study were to investigate associations between household and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) with cognitive and academic outcomes in SCD and to determine if these relationships were modified by sickle genotype, fetal hemoglobin, or age.ProcedureWe prospectively recruited patients to complete a battery of neurocognitive and academic measures. Household SES was measured using the Barratt Simplified Measure of Social Status, a composite index of parent education and occupation. The Social Vulnerability Index was used to classify individuals based on social vulnerabilities at the neighborhood level.ResultsOverall, 299 patients between the ages of 4 and 18 (mean = 11.4, standard deviation = 4.3) years diagnosed with SCD (57% SS/SB0‐thalassemia) completed testing. Stepwise multivariate models demonstrated that patients with low social vulnerability (i.e., high SES) at the neighborhood level displayed intelligence and math scores that were 4.70 and 7.64 points higher than those living in areas with moderate social vulnerability, respectively (p < .05). Reading performance did not differ based on neighborhood SES; however, the effect of neighborhood SES was dependent on age, such that older participants living in neighborhoods with moderate or high levels of social vulnerability displayed poorer reading scores than those with low social vulnerability (p < .05).ConclusionsThis study identified patients with SCD at higher risk of poor academic performance based on SES. Interventions addressing academic difficulties should be offered to all children with SCD, but should be emergently offered to this subpopulation.
Performance analysis of polycrystalline floating photovoltaic array: The concept and prototype development for irrigation purpose
Authors: Anbarasu P. , Suresh Kumar R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concept and design of the 2 kWp polycrystalline floating photovoltaic (PV) system for agricultural irrigation purposes are presented in this paper. The well‐known major advantage of the floating PV system is its installation in the presence of water, which leads to cooling of the PV system that improves its efficiency. In addition to that, the floating PV system reduces the wastage of cultivation area required for its installation, and also, it reduces evaporation of water (for 20% of float cover) by the factor of 22.23 cm/year. But the floating PV systems face some confrontations such as low electrical reliability and reduced life of the mechanical structure due to nearby water surface. As an attempt to overcome the above issues, a small‐scale floating PV system prototype in a water reservoir at Kothavadi village, Tamil Nadu, India has been developed. The system comprises of a floater, mechanical structure, PV module, supporting anchor, under water cable, and motor. The power generated out of this proposed system is utilized for pumping the water from a nearby bore well, and pumped water is stored in the same reservoir where the floating PV system is installed. The water in the reservoir can be used by the farmer for their necessity. In this study, the energy production (month by month) is monitored. Furthermore, the economic analysis and PV modeling have been performed along with some maintenance aspects. The study helps the scientists and engineers to comprehend the performance and commercial viability of floating PV for rural farmers. It is anticipated that this work will inspire and direct farmers to install a floating PV irrigation system as a perfect alternate for the conventional systems.
Design, synthesis and screening of herbicidal activity for new phenyl pyrazole‐based protoporphyrinogen oxidase‐inhibitors (PPO) overcoming resistance issues
Authors: Mattison Rebecca L. , Beffa Roland , Bojack Guido , Bollenbach‐Wahl Birgit , Dörnbrack Christine , Dorn Nicole , Freigang Jörg , Gatzweiler Elmar , Getachew Rahel , Hartfiel Claudia , Heinemann Ines , Helmke Hendrik , Hohmann Sabine , Jakobi Harald , Lange Gudrun , Lümmen Peter , Willms Lothar , Frackenpohl Jens 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhilst there are several methods to control weeds, which continuously plague farmers around the globe, the application of small molecular compounds is still the most effective technology to date. Plants can evolve to become resistant to PPO‐inhibitors, a class of herbicides in commercial use since the 1960s. It is therefore essential to continuously develop new herbicides based on this mode‐of‐action with enhanced intrinsic activity, an improved resistance profile and favourable physicochemical properties. Based on an Amaranthus PPO crystal structure and subsequent modelling studies, halogen‐substituted pyrazoles have been investigated as isosteres of uracil‐based PPO‐inhibitors.RESULTSBy combining structural features from the commercial PPO‐inhibitors tiafenacil and pyraflufen‐ethyl and by investigating receptor‐binding properties, we identified new promising pyrazole‐based lead structures showing strong activityin vitroandin vivoagainst economically important weeds of theAmaranthusgenus:A. retroflexus, and resistantA. palmeriandA. tuberculatus.CONCLUSIONThe present work covers a series of novel PPO‐inhibiting compounds that contain a pyrazole ring and a substituted thioacetic acid sidechain attached to the core phenyl group. These compounds show good receptor fit in line with excellent herbicidal activity against weeds that plague corn and rice crops with low application rates. This, in combination with promising selectivity in corn, have the potential to mitigate and affect weeds that have become resistant to some of the current market standards. Remarkably, some of the novel PPO‐inhibitors outlined herein show efficacies against economically important weeds that were superior to recently commercialized and structurally related tiafenacil. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Simulation of Grover Search with Polar CH3CN Molecules by Optimal Control Fields
Authors: Zhang Zuo‐Yuan , Sun Zhaoxi , Hu Jie‐Ru , Liu Jin‐Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTheoretical schemes for the implementation of the Grover search algorithm are proposed based on ultracold polar molecules in an electric field. The molecular qubits and qudit are chosen as the field‐dressed states formed by the rotational modes of CH3CN. With the help of multi‐target optimal control theory, the microwave pulses for the elementary logic operations including the one‐qubit Hadamard gates and the conditional phase gates in a dipole‐dipole system are designed and the factorized Grover algorithm demonstrated using two coupled CH3CN molecules. To reduce the accumulation of imprecision and decoherence resulting from the combination of multiple elementary gates, the optimal pulses that can achieve the two‐qubit Hadamard gate and diffusion operation in one step are designed successfully. In this way, the probabilities to find the states corresponding to the desired elements in an unsorted database are enhanced to some extent. Moreover, the optimal pulse sequence suitable for a four‐level molecular qudit, which can be used to simulate the quantum search on a single CH3CN molecule with high fidelity, is designed. These results can shed some light on the physical realization of quantum computing based on ultracold polyatomic molecules.