bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virological and cytological changes in tears and conjunctiva of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Angmo Dewang , Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Kakkar Aanchal , Rathod Aishwarya , Meena Suman Kumari , Kaur Avneet , Choudhary Aashish , Sharma Puneet , Dar Lalit , Samaddar Arpan , Trikha Anjan , Saxena Rohit , Titiyal Jeewan S , Sharma Namrata 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To analyze the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in tears/conjunctival epithelium and assess the cytomorphological changes in the conjunctival epithelium of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods:
In this pilot study, patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 were recruited from the COVID ward/intensive care unit of the institute. Tears and conjunctival swabs were collected from COVID-19 patients and sent to the virology laboratory for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Conjunctival swabs were used to prepare smears, which underwent cytological evaluation and immunocytochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.

Results:
Forty-two patients were included. The mean age of participants was 48.61 (range: 5–75) years. Seven (16.6%) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid in tears samples, four (9.5%) of which were positive on conjunctival swab by RT-PCR in the first test. Cytomorphological changes were observed significantly more in smears from patients with positive RT-PCR on tear samples, including bi-/multi-nucleation (p = 0.01), chromatin clearing (p = 0.02), and intra-nuclear inclusions (p < 0.001). One case (3.2%) showed immunopositivity for SARS-CoV-2; this patient had severe disease and the lowest Ct values for tear and conjunctival samples among all positive cases.

Conclusion:
Conjunctival smears from patients with COVID-19 revealed cytomorphological alterations, even in the absence of clinically significant ocular infection. However, viral proteins were demonstrated within epithelial cells only rarely, suggesting that although the conjunctival epithelium may serve as a portal for entry, viral replication is possibly rare or short-lived.
Simplifying biometry in oil-filled eyes: A novel formula for axial length calculation in eyes with 1000 cSt silicone oil
Authors: Kapoor Monika , Venkatesh Pradeep , Chawla Rohan , Temkar Shreyas , Aggarwal Esha 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To derive a formula for accurate axial length (AL) assessment using routine ultrasound in silicone oil-filled eyes, where optical biometry is unavailable or not possible.

Methods:
This was a prospective, consecutive, nonrandomized study of 50 eyes of 50 patients conducted in a tertiary care hospital in North India. AL measurements were taken using both manual A-scan and IOL master, both in silicone oil-filled status and 3 weeks after silicone oil removal. A correction factor of 0.7 was used for AL adjustment in oil-filled eyes. The corrected AL (cAL) was compared with IOL master values in oil-filled eyes. Agreement analysis was carried out using Bland Altman plot. Linear regression analysis was done using uncorrected manual AL to find a new equation. Data was analyzed using Stata 14. A P value <0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:
The study included 40 males and 10 females, with an age range of 6–83 years (mean 41.9 years). The mean AL of the oil-filled eye as measured by manual A-scan was 31.76 mm ± 3.09 and by IOL master was 24.7 mm ± 1.74. Linear regression analysis was performed in randomly selected 35 eyes of the observed data to obtain a new equation: predicted AL (PAL) = 14 + 0.3 × manual AL. The mean difference between PAL and optically measured AL with silicone oil in situ was 0.98 ± 1.67.

Conclusion:
We propose a new formula for better prediction of the correct AL in silicone oil-filled eyes using ultrasound-based AL measurement.
Next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing and phenotype correlation in retinitis pigmentosa patients from India
Authors: Sen Parveen , Srikrupa Natarajan , Maitra Puja , Srilekha Sundaramurthy , Porkodi Periyasamy , Gnanasekaran Harshavardhini , Bhende Muna , Khetan Vikas , Mathavan Sinnakaruppan , Bhende Pramod , Ratra Dhanashree , Raman Rajiv , Rao Chetan , Sripriya Sarangapani 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) are a heterogeneous group of retinal diseases leading to progressive loss of photoreceptors through apoptosis. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is considered the most common form of IRD. Panel-based testing in RP has proven effective in identifying the causative genetic mutations in 70% and 80% of the patients. This is a retrospective, observational, single-center study of 107 RP patients who had undergone next-generation sequencing-based targeted gene panel testing for IRD genes. These patients were inspected for common phenotypic features to arrive at meaningful genotype–phenotype correlation.

Methods:
Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, and blood was collected from the proband for DNA extraction after documenting the pedigree. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was done by panel-based testing for IRD genes followed by co-segregation analysis wherever applicable.

Results:
Of the 107 patients, 72 patients had pathogenic mutations. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 14 ± 12 years (range: 5–55). Mean (Best Corrected Visual Acuity) BCVA was 6/48 (0.9 logMAR) (range 0.0–3.0). At presentation, over one-third of eyes had BCVA worse than 6/60 (<1 logMAR). Phenotype analysis with the gene defects showed overlapping features, such as peripheral well-defined chorioretinal atrophic patches in patients with CERKL, PROM1, and RPE65 gene mutations and large macular lesions in patients with RDH12 and CRX gene mutations, respectively. Nummular or clump-like pigmentation was noted in CRB1, TTC8, PDE6A, and PDE6B.

Conclusion:
NGS-based genetic testing can help clinicians to diagnose RP more accurately, and phenotypic correlations can also help in better patient counselling with respect to prognosis and guidance regarding ongoing newer gene-based therapies.
Netarsudil monotherapy as the initial treatment for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Indian patients: A real-world evaluation of efficacy and safety
Authors: Mathur Manoj Chandra , Ratnam P. Venkat , Saikumar S.J. , John Manuel , Ravishankar Siddharth , Dinesh M.B , Chandil Priya , Pahuja Kishore , Cherlikar Vidya , Wadhwani Sunny , Bendale Pankaj , Hazari Ajit , Mishra Rajesh , Deshmukh Susheel , Achlerkar Rahul Raja , Shah Devang Tilak , Hingorani Chanda , Shah Kaivan , Topiwala Pratik , Jani Sheetal , Rana Viral G. , Majumdar Nilay Kumar , Chakrabarti Debasis , Dey Rituparna , Halder Debabrata , Choudhury Sumit , Kumar Ajeet , Das Sasmita , Nanda Ashok Kumar , Kumar Vidya Bhushan , Dubey Rama , Kamdar Gulam Ali , Pandey Alka , Kishanpuria Sheetal , Srivastava Rajat Mohan , Singh Parul , Verma Sunil Kumar , Sharma Neha , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting more than 64 million people aged 40–80. The best way to manage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is by lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP). Netarsudil is a Rho kinase inhibitor, the only class of antiglaucoma medications that reorganizes the extracellular matrix to improve the aqueous outflow through the trabecular pathway.

Methods:
An open-label, real-world, multicentric, observation-based 3-month study was performed for assessing the safety and ocular hypotensive efficacy of netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02% w/v) in patients with elevated IOP. Patients were given netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02% w/v) as a first-line therapy. Diurnal IOP measurements, best-corrected visual acuity, and adverse event assessments were recorded at each of the five visits (Day-1: screening day and first dosing day; subsequent observations were taken at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months).

Results:
Four hundred and sixty-nine patients from 39 centers throughout India completed the study. The mean IOP at baseline of the affected eyes was 24.84 ± 6.39 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation). After the first dose, the IOP was measured after 2, 4, and 6 weeks, with the final measurement taken at 3 months. The percentage reduction in IOP in glaucoma patients after 3 months of once-daily netarsudil 0.02% w/v solution use was 33.34%. The adverse effects experienced by patients were not severe in the majority of cases. Some adverse effects observed were redness, irritation, itching, and others, but only a small number of patients experienced severe reactions, as reported in a decreasing order: redness > irritation > watering > itching > stinging > blurring.

Conclusion:
We found that netarsudil 0.02% w/v solution monotherapy when used as the first-line treatment in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension was both safe and effective.
The association between VSX1 exon3 gene variants and keratoconus in Malaysian patients
Authors: Deva Jenny P , Ngeow Yun F , Zin Thaw 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
This case-control study aims to examine possible associations of VSX1 exon3 gene variants with the development of keratoconus (KC) in Malaysian patients.

Methods:
A case-control study was done on 42 keratoconus cases, 127 family member controls, and 96 normal controls.

Results:
Three gene variants, p.A182A, p.P237P, and p.R217H showed significant associations with keratoconus (P < 0.05). While p.A182A and p.P227P were more prevalent than in the family and normal controls (OR 3.14–4.05), the reverse was observed with p.R217H (OR 0.086–1.59). With Haploview analysis, p.A182A and p.P237P were shown to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) (LOD (logarithm of the odds score) score of 2.0, r2 of 0.957, and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.96–1.00).

Conclusion:
The study results suggest that the p.A182A and p.P237P variants could have contributed to the development of keratoconus in some Malaysians and that these two variants are likely to be co-inherited. In contrast, the p.R217H variant appeared to confer some protection against the development of keratoconus.
The effect of social determinants of health on severity of microbial keratitis presentation at a tertiary eye care hospital in Southern India
Authors: Annadanam Anvesh , Hicks Patrice M , Lu Ming-Chen , Pawar Mercy , Kochar Prabhleen , Selvaraj Suvitha , Kuppuraj Dhanya , Rathod Chetan , Muppala Rekha Sravya , Gaur Smriti , Krishnan Abinaya , Sumithra SR , Woodward Maria A , Prajna N Venkatesh 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Understanding the association between social determinants of health (SDoHs) and microbial keratitis (MK) can inform underlying risk for patients and identify risk factors associated with worse disease, such as presenting visual acuity (VA) and time to initial presentation.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study was conducted with patients presenting with MK to the cornea clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Madurai, India. Patient demographics, SDoH survey responses, geographic pollution, and clinical features at presentation were collected. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, multi-variable linear regression models, and Poisson regression models were utilized.

Results:
There were 51 patients evaluated. The mean age was 51.2 years (SD = 13.3); 33.3% were female and 55% did not visit a vision center (VC) prior to presenting to the clinic. The median presenting logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA was 1.1 [Snellen 20/240, inter-quartile range (IQR) = 20/80 to 20/4000]. The median time to presentation was 7 days (IQR = 4.5 to 10). The average particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration, a measure of air pollution, for the districts from which the patients traveled was 24.3 mg/m3 (SD = 1.6). Age- and sex-adjusted linear regression and Poisson regression results showed that higher levels of PM2.5 were associated with 0.28 worse presenting logMAR VA (Snellen 2.8 lines, P = 0.002). Patients who did not visit a VC had a 100% longer time to presentation compared to those who did (incidence rate ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–3.0, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Patient SDoH and environmental exposures can impact MK presentation. Understanding SDoH is important for public health and policy implications to mitigate eye health disparities in India.
Stress Distribution in Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis (Pontic Design) using Two Different Framework Materials: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Tahilramani Gunjan , Barapatre Deepali , Mishra Sunil Kumar , Bhasmey Srinivas Rao , Chowdhary Ramesh 
Published: June 2023

Aim and Objectives:
The stresses transferred from the implant to the surrounding bone greatly influence the clinical outcome of the implant-supported prosthesis. The role of implant-supported prostheses made from zirconia and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material in transferring stresses is not much known. The purpose of the finite element analysis study was to evaluate stress distribution in an implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) using two different framework materials.

Materials and Methods:
Two three-dimensional models of implant-supported FDPs were designed using ANSYS software, with implants in right maxillary central incisor and canine regions supporting a three-unit fixed partial denture. Model 1 was made using zirconia as a framework material and model 2 using PEEK as a framework material. A static load of 100 N was applied in two directions, i.e., vertically and obliquely at an angle of 30° along the long axis of the implant. The von Mises stress analysis was done to find stresses generated in implants and the prosthesis, and the maximum and minimum principal stress analyses were used to find the stress generated in the bone.

Results:
Under both the loading conditions, maximum stress concentration was observed in the connector region of model 1 (zirconia group) compared to model 2 (PEEK group); 6.28 MPa versus 2.17 MPa in vertical loading and 8.85 MPa versus 2.69 MPa in oblique loading, respectively. The stresses generated in bone were nearly similar in both models.

Conclusion:
The framework material does affect the load-bearing capacity of the prosthesis. Stresses observed with PEEK as framework material were lesser compared to zirconia. Therefore, PEEK can be considered a suitable framework material for implant-supported FDPs.
Consciousness, Perspective, and Implementation of Selective Grinding in Complete Dentures among Prosthodontic Postgraduates in India
Authors: Krishankumar  , Agarkar Anand Vinod , Gade Jaykumar 
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives:
Success of prosthodontic treatment in edentulous patients depends on acceptable function and esthetics of complete dentures. Complete denture occlusion plays a role in providing uniform distribution of masticatory forces, better retention, and stabilization of denture bases. In our study, the consciousness, perspective, and implementation of selective grinding in prosthodontic postgraduates (PGs) in India were assessed.

Materials and Methods:
A pretested, self-administered, and closed-ended questionnaire comprising different sections formed the survey instrument. A structured questionnaire containing 14 questions was framed. A specially created web-designed survey in Google Forms was circulated among prosthodontic PG students and the responses were recorded.

Results:
The questionnaire consisted of 11 nondemographic questions. About 67.5% of the responses were correct. The outcome of the study can be considered fair.

Conclusion:
A good occlusal philosophy combined with esthetics is paramount in the patient acceptance of a complete denture prosthesis. Its knowledge and implementation are paramount toward the success of treatment.
Utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Evaluate Cystic Brain Lesions
Authors: Pavanan Asish , Kashikar Shivali , Parihar Pratapsingh Hanumansingh , Pandey Shivesh 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Cystic brain lesions may be exceedingly challenging to diagnose for both the radiologist and the neurologist. A biopsy or surgical approach followed by a histopathology study can pinpoint the exact final diagnosis in uncertain situations.

Aims and Objectives:
In the current study, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are being investigated as diagnostic modalities.

Materials and Method:
Cystic brain lesions from 78 participants were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRS. TI-weighted image (T1WI), T2-weighted image (T2WI), DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), C+, and MRS imaging sequences are the parameters examined.

Results:
Pediatric group made up 29.5% of the entire population. The majority of the subjects (47.4%) had arachnoid cysts. About 79.5% of the individuals had hypointense T1WI, 100% had hyperintense T2WI, 82.1% had hypointense DWI, and 82.1% had high ADC. Arachnoid cysts contained lactate in 16.2% of the participants.Lipid was detected only in tumor lesions. Lactate with amino acid was observed in the abscess.

Conclusion:
Due to their noninvasive nature and low cost, DWI and MRS can be used as an adjunct to MRI, to improve the diagnosis of brain lesions.
Kết quả tầm soát ung thư cổ tử cung các trường hợp ASCUS hoặc LSIL có nhiễm HPV tại Bệnh viện Từ Dũ
Authors: Phạm Hồ Thuý Ái , Trịnh Ngọc Hà Thư , Bùi Chí Thương , Vũ Thế Bình , Hà Hiếu Thảo 
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ CIN 2+ ở các trường hợp ASCUS hoặc LSIL có nhiễm HPV nguy cơ cao và một số yếu tố liên quan đến tình trạng CIN 2+.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả loạt ca hồi cứu trên đối tượng phụ nữ từ 30 tuổi trở lên có tế bào học ASCUS hoặc LSIL có nhiễm HPV nguy cơ cao tại Đơn vị kỹ thuật chẩn đoán - Khoa Khám phụ khoa Bệnh viện Từ Dũ từ tháng 12/2020 đến tháng 04/2021.
Kết quả: Trong 184 trường hợp nghiên cứu, tỷ lệ CIN 2+ là 21,2%, trong đó tỷ lệ CIN 2 là 6,0%, tỷ lệ CIN 3 là 13,6%, tỷ lệ ung thư là 1,6%. Tỷ lệ CIN 2+ có liên quan đến số bạn tình (PR = 3,39; KTC 95%: 1,56 - 7,36; p = 0,002), vệ sinh âm hộ sau quan hệ (PR = 2,94; KTC 95%: 1,41 - 6,13; p = 0,004), tiếp xúc khói thuốc lá (PR = 2,75; KTC 95%: 1,21 - 6,25; p = 0,016), nhiễm HPV 16 (PR = 3,80; KTC 95%: 1,37 - 10,53; p = 0,01).
Kết luận: Các trường hợp ASCUS hoặc LSIL nhiễm HPV nhóm nguy cơ cao có tỷ lệ CIN 2+ còn khá cao, cần theo dõi sát các trường hợp này trước khi trở về theo dõi thường quy.
Kích thích DouStim: cập nhật bằng chứng mới từ ESHRE
Authors: Đặng Tuấn Anh , Lê Hoàng 
Published: June 2023

Kích thích buồng trứng kép (DuoStim), ban đầu chỉ được đề xuất để bảo tồn khả năng sinh sản khẩn cấp ở bệnh nhân ung thư, nhưng hiện nay ngày càng được sử dụng nhiều trong thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm (IVF) trên lâm sàng, đặc biệt ở nhóm bệnh nhân có đáp ứng kém (POR), tuổi cao dự trữ buồng trứng giảm hay có chỉ định làm xét nghiệm di truyền tiền cấy ghép mà tạo được ít phôi. Nhờ vào lý thuyết mới về sóng tuyển dụng nang noãn, các nang noãn được chiêu mộ liên tục bởi các làn sóng tuyển mộ khác nhau, trong cùng một chu kỳ có hai đến ba làn sóng chiêu mộ, cho phép có thể thu được nhiều tế bào noãn hơn trong một chu kỳ IVF. Việc áp dụng thành công giao thức kích thích buồng trứng ở giai đoạn hoàng thể đã thúc đẩy nghiên cứu về DuoStim (kích thích cả giai đoạn nang trứng - FPS và hoàng thể - LPS) trong một chu kỳ kinh nguyệt để tối đa hóa số lượng tế bào noãn và phôi trong thời gian ngắn nhất có thể. Các nghiên cứu gần đây đã chứng minh khả năng tạo phôi nang nguyên bội thu được ở pha FPS và LPS là tương tự nhau khi được trigger bằng hCG. Hơn nữa, DouStim có thể giảm bớt căng thẳng về tinh thần và cảm xúc cho những phụ nữ có tiên lượng xấu không lấy được trứng trong FPS. Do đó, DouStim được coi là một phác đồ đầy hứa hẹn cho những người đáp ứng buồng trứng kém hay tạo được ít phôi mà có chỉ định sàng lọc phôi tiền làm tổ sẽ có nhiều cơ hội hơn để thu được thêm các tế bào noãn và phôi nang trong một chu kỳ kinh nguyệt. Bằng chứng mới từ ESHRE về phác đồ DuoStim cho thấy tổng số tế bào noãn MII và số phôi chất lượng tốt ở bệnh nhân POR không có sự khác biệt so với hai chu kỳ IVF liên tiếp. Nhưng kích thích buồng trứng trong pha hoàng thể hiệu quả hơn kích thích pha nang noãn khi dùng Progestin để ức chế đỉnh LH trên bệnh nhân POR. Người bệnh có chỉ định làm xét nghiệm di truyền tiền cấy ghép cho các bệnh đơn bội và xét nghiệm thể dị bội (PGT-M/A) mà trước đó chỉ thu được ≤5 phôi nang, phác đồ Doustim có thể sẽ mang lại nhiều lợi ích hơn.
NANOCRINOLOGY
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Saptarshi Bhattacharya  , Atul Dhingra  
Published: June 2023

We conceptualize and define nanocrinology as the science that studies the nanometric and subnanometric precision that operates in diagnostic and therapeutic endocrinology. It includes advanced generation assays, which can detect low concentrations of hormones, and modern drug delivery systems that allow more efficient delivery of endocrinotropic agents. Nanocrinology is a rapidly growing field of endocrinology, and we call for greater research and adoption of this science.
Keywords: Diagnosis, endocrinology, hormone, radioimmunoassay, nanoformulation.
Bariatric Triage: Weight Loss As A Tool For Therapeutic Decision Making
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Jubbin Jacob  , Nitin Kapoor  
Published: June 2023

This communication highlights how early weight loss can be used as a technique for triage in persons who have undergone bariatric surgery, and as a tool for therapeutic decision making. Weight loss is a target for obesity medicine, but can also be used to plan further treatment strategies and interventions. In this manner, early weight loss is similar to HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) which is a diagnostic tool, a monitoring device, a therapeutic target, and also a technique to decide intensity of treatment in diabetes.
Keywords: Bariatric triage, barocrinology, metabolic, adaptation, obesity, overweight.
THE EFFECT OF SEEDING DENSITY AND POTASSIUM RATES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PSYLLIUM SEED (Plantago ovata)
Authors: Majeedano M. I. , Majeedano S. D. , Majeedano Y. A. , Khanzada D. K. 
Published: June 2023

The study was conducted on psyllium seed to assess the combine effect of seeding density and potassium rates on growth, productivity and yield. A factorial study was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), during winter season of 2020-21, at Tobacco and Medicinal Crop Research Institute, Tandojam. The seeding densities were maintained at 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 kg ha-1. Whereas potassium was applied @ 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1. The data were recorded for various quantitative, qualitative and yield parameters. The results shown that all quantitative parameters had non-significant effect of various potassium levels and seeding density except plants m-2. The values of plants m-2 were observed higher at potassium level 100 kg ha-1 and seeding density level of 8.5 kg ha-1. While the qualitative parameters had significant differences due to various potassium levels and seeding density, excludes days to 50% spike emergence, days to 50% maturity and seed index. The seed weight spike-1 (g), seed index (g) and seed yield (kg ha-1) were observed maximum from the plants where potash was applied at 100 kg ha-1. In qualitative parameters, the seeding density at 7.5 kg ha-1observed higher seed yield (1152.33 kg ha-1). While higher seed weight spike-1 (0.14g) observed at seeding density 6.5 kg ha-1. Among growth parameter, leaf area was increased at potash level 60 kg ha-1 and the values of seeding density showed higher leaf area at seeding density level 8.5 kg ha-1. The same pattern showed of leaf area index where seeding density was higher at seeding density 8.5 kg ha-1. Leaf area duration and total dry matter were found significantly higher at potash level 100 kg ha-1 and seeding density 8.5 kg ha-1. While the net assimilation rate was greater at seeding density level 8.5 kg ha-1. It is concluded from the results that and seeding density 7.5 kg ha-1 and increased levels of potassium at 100 kg ha-1 had ensure better results for most quantitative, qualitative and yield attributes.