bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Postpartum Sexual Function
Authors: Badreddine Jad , Pope Rachel , Sheyn David 
Published: January 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) and its impact on sexual function among women within 3 years of delivery.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 531 participants who gave birth by any method in the past 3 years. Participants were administered the Edinburgh Depression Screening Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 questionnaire, the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score questionnaire, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, Sexual Function Questionnaire’s Medical Impact Scale, and Decreased Sexual Desire Screener. The primary outcome of interest was the report of any sexual dysfunction and urinary symptoms.

Results
There were 531 total participants of 600 who completed the survey in its entirety. The mean age of the cohort was 29.6 ± 7.1 years, the majority were non-Hispanic White (76.6%). It was found that 55% of the women (n = 292) reported postpartum UI (73% [n = 213] stress incontinence, 26.7% [n = 78] urgency incontinence, and 0.003% [n = 1] mixed incontinence). Sexual dysfunction was more likely to be reported in participants with UI compared with those without UI (34.2% vs 17.8%, P < 0.001). Urinary incontinence was found to be associated with any form of sexual dysfunction after adjustment for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.14). Additional variables that were correlated with sexual dysfunction were perceived difficulty healing after any delivery injury (aOR, 4.79; 95% CI, 1.11–20.72), current breastfeeding (aOR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.26–8.59), and an increasing Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 score (aOR, 1.10 per 1-point increase; 95% CI, 1.05–1.15).

Conclusion
Urinary incontinence is independently associated with sexual dysfunction and should be systematically evaluated during postpartum care.
Underrepresentation in Pelvic Floor Disorder Patient-Reported Outcomes: Whose Outcomes Are We Measuring?
Authors: Shinnick Julia K. , Siddique Moiuri , Jarmale Spandana , Raker Christina , Brown Oluwateniola , Sung Vivian W. , Carberry Cassandra L. 
Published: January 2023

Importance
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments measure the patient's perspective. It is unclear whether commonly used PRO measures were tested in populations that had racial and ethnic distributions comparable with those reported in U.S. census data.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of non-White race and Hispanic ethnicity participants with their expected proportion based on U.S. census data for PRO instruments with U.S.-based validation studies.

Study Design
This was a retrospective review of PRO measures considered by the Pelvic Floors Disorders Consortium Working Group on Patient-Reported Outcomes in their 2020 consensus publication. Study and participant information were abstracted from PRO validation studies. Racial and ethnic representation in U.S.-based studies were compared with U.S. census data. The primary outcome was the representation quotient of reported races and ethnicities, calculated as the reported percentage of the study population identifying with a race and/or ethnicity divided by the proportion of the U.S. population identifying with that race and/or ethnicity when the study was published.

Results
Forty-five studies with 21,080 total participants were included. Race was reported in 17 of 45 studies (37.8%), and ethnicity was reported in 7 of 45 (15.6%). Most studies did not specify how race and ethnicity information was collected. For U.S.-based studies, the representation quotient of White participants from 1995 to 2019 was 1.15. Indigenous American/Native American/American Indian/Alaska Natives had the lowest representation quotient (0.22). Reporting of ethnicity increased over time (P = 0.001), although there was no significant change in the reporting of race or the representation of various races and ethnicities (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Non-White and Hispanic patients may be underrepresented in U.S.-based validation studies for PRO instruments in pelvic floor disorders.
HAVOC: Small-scale histomic mapping of biodiversity across entire tumor specimens using deep neural networks
Authors: Dent Anglin , Faust Kevin , Lam K. H. Brian , Alhangari Narges , Leon Alberto J. , Tsang Queenie , Kamil Zaid Saeed , Gao Andrew , Pal Prodipto , Lheureux Stephanie , Oza Amit , Diamandis Phedias 
Published: January 2023

SummaryIntra-tumoral heterogeneity can wreak havoc on current precision medicine strategies due to challenges in sufficient sampling of geographically separated areas of biodiversity distributed across centimeter-scale tumor distances. In particular, modern tissue profiling approaches are still largely designed to only interrogate small tumor fragments; which may constitute a minute and non-representative fraction of the overall neoplasm. To address this gap, we developed a pipeline that leverages deep learning to define topographic histomorphologic fingerprints of tissue and create Histomic Atlases of Variation Of Cancers (HAVOC). Importantly, using a number of spatially-resolved readouts, including mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and immunohistochemisy, we demonstrate that these personalized atlases of histomic variation can define regional cancer boundaries with distinct biological programs. Using larger tumor specimens, we show that HAVOC can map spatial organization of cancer biodiversity spanning tissue coordinates separated by multiple centimeters. By applying this tool to guide profiling of 19 distinct geographic partitions from 6 high-grade gliomas, HAVOC revealed that distinct states of differentiation can often co-exist and be regionally distributed across individual tumors. Finally, to highlight generalizability, we further benchmark HAVOC on additional tumor types and experimental models of heterogeneity. Together, we establish HAVOC as a versatile and accessible tool to generate small-scale maps of tissue heterogeneity and guide regional deployment of molecular resources to relevant and biodiverse tumor niches.
NF-κB/p52 augments ETS1 binding genome-wide to promote glioma progression
Authors: Sim Nicholas , Yinghui Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGliomas are among the most invasive and chemo-resistant cancers, making them challenging to treat. Chronic inflammation is one of the key drivers of glioma progression as it promotes the aberrant activation of inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB signalling which drives cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis and tissue remodelling. NF-κB factors typically dimerize with its own family members, but emerging evidence of their promiscuous interactions with other oncogenic factors have been reported to activate the transcription of new target genes and function. Here, we show that non-canonical NF-κB activation directly regulates p52 at theETS1promoter to activate its expression. This in turn impacts the genomic and transcriptional landscape of ETS1 in a glioma-specific manner. We further show that enhanced non-canonical NF-κB signalling promotes the co-localization of p52 and ETS1, resulting in the transcriptional activation of non-κB and/or non-ETS glioma-promoting genes. We conclude that p52-induced ETS1 overexpression in glioma cells remodels the genome-wide regulatory network of p52 and ETS1 to transcriptionally drive cancer progression.
Differential effects of PTH (1-34), PTHrP (1-36) and abaloparatide on the murine osteoblast transcriptome
Authors: Mosca Michael J , He Zhiming , Ricarte Florante R. , Le Henaff Carole , Partridge Nicola C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTeriparatide (PTH(1-34)) and its analogs, PTHrP(1-36) and abaloparatide (ABL) have been used for the treatment of osteoporosis, but their efficacy over long-term use is significantly limited. The 3 peptides exert time- and dose-dependent differential responses in osteoblasts, leading us to hypothesize that they may also differentially modulate the osteoblast transcriptome. We show that treatment of mouse calvarial osteoblasts with 1 nM of the 3 peptides for 4 h results in RNA-Seq data with PTH(1-34) regulating 367 genes, including 194 unique genes; PTHrP(1-36) regulating 117 genes, including 15 unique genes; and ABL regulating 179 genes, including 20 unique genes. There were 83 genes shared among all 3 peptides. Gene ontology analyses showed differences in Wnt signaling, cAMP-mediated signaling, bone mineralization, morphogenesis of a branching structure in biological processes; receptor ligand activity, transcription factor activity, cytokine receptor/binding activity and many other actions in molecular functions. The 3 peptides increasedVdr, Cited1andPde10amRNAs in a pattern similar toRankl, i.e., PTH(1-34) > ABL > PTHrP(1-36). mRNA abundance of other genes based on gene/pathway analyses, includingWnt4, Wnt7, Wnt11, Sfrp4, Dkk1, Kcnk10, Hdac4, Epha3, Tcf7, Crem, Fzd5, Pp2r2a, andDvl3showed that some genes were regulated similarly by all 3 peptides; others were not. Finally, siRNA knockdowns of SIK1/2/3 and CRTC1/2/3 in PTH(1-34)-treated cells revealed thatVdrandWnt4genes are regulated by SIKs and CRTCs, while others are not. Although many studies have examined PTH signaling in the osteoblast/osteocyte, ours is the first to examine the global effects of these peptides on the osteoblast transcriptome. Further delineation of which signaling events are attributable to PTH(1-34), PTHrP(1-36) or ABL exclusively and which are shared among all 3 will help improve our understanding of the effects these peptides have on the osteoblast and lead to the refinement of PTH-derived treatments for osteoporosis.
Top-down control of exogenous attentional selection is mediated by beta coherence in prefrontal cortex
Authors: Dubey Agrita , Markowitz David A. , Pesaran Bijan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSalience-driven exogenous and goal-driven endogenous attentional selection are two distinct forms of attention that guide selection of task-irrelevant and task-relevant targets in primates. During conflict i.e, when salience and goal each favor the selection of different targets, endogenous selection of the task-relevant target relies on top-down control. Top-down attentional control mechanisms enable selection of the task-relevant target by limiting the influence of sensory information. Although the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is known to mediate top-down control, the neuronal mechanisms of top-down control of attentional selection are poorly understood. Here, using a two-target free-choice luminance-reward selection task, we demonstrate that visual-movement neurons and not visual neurons or movement neurons encode exogenous and endogenous selection. We then show that coherent-beta activity selectively modulates mechanisms of exogenous selection specifically during conflict and consequently may support top-down control. These results reveal the VM-neuron-specific network mechanisms of attentional selection and suggest a functional role for beta-frequency coherent neural dynamics in the modulation of sensory communication channels for the top-down control of attentional selection.
Localization and connectivity of rodent equivalent of the primate posterior cingulate cortex (area 23)
Authors: Xiang Xiao-Jun , Chen Sheng-Qiang , Zhang Xue-Qin , Chen Chang-Hui , Zhang Shun-Yu , Cai Hui-Ru , Ding Song-Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe posterior cingulate cortex (mainly area 23) in human and non-human primates is a critical component of the default mode network and is involved in many neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. However, cingulate area 23 has not yet identified in rodents and other lower mammals and this makes modeling related circuits and diseases in rodents very difficult. Using a comparative approach and unique connectional patterns the present study has uncovered the location and extent of rodent equivalent of the primate cingulate area 23. Like in monkeys, area 23 but not adjoining retrosplenial and visual areas in the rats and mice displays strong reciprocal connections with the anteromedial thalamic nucleus. Rodent area 23 also reciprocally connects with the medial pulvinar and claustrum as well as with the anterior cingulate, granular retrosplenial, medial orbitofrontal, postrhinal, and visual and auditory association cortices. The rodent A23 also projects to the subcortical effectors such as the dorsal striatum, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, zona incerta, pretectal nucleus, superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, and brainstem reticular formation. All these connectional findings support the versatility of area 23 in the integration and modulation of multimodal information underlying spatial processing, episodic memory, self-reflection, attention, value assessment and many adaptive behaviors. Additionally, this study also suggests that the rodents can be used to model primate and human area 23 in future structural, functional, pathological and neuromodulation studies.
Surgical, Anesthesia and Obstetrics (SAO) workforce production capacity in India: A retrospective analysis of postgraduate and sub-specialty training spots
Authors: Rao Shirish , Zadey Siddhesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the SAO production capacity of India i.e., the number of postgraduate (PG) and sub-specialty (SS) surgical training spots per 10 million population across multiple specialties and subspecialties at national and state levels.MethodsA retrospective secondary data analysis of PG and SS SAO spots across 36 states for 2018 using data from the National Health Profile (2019) was conducted. The mid-year 2018 populations were obtained from the census-based population projections. The number of PG & SS SAO spots per 10 million population were calculated and divided based on the type of program (diploma, MD/MS & DM/MCh) and type of SAO specialty to investigate SAO workforce production capacity in each state. Ratios of PG spots per 100 MBBS spots and SS spots per 100 PG spots were also calculated. Data was wrangled using Google Sheets, analyzed in JASP v0.16.0.0, and visualized using Datawrapper.ResultsThere are a total 13793 PG and 1350 SS SAO spots leading to densities of 104.60 and 9.90 per 10 million people, respectively. PG spot density for General Surgery (23.56), Anesthesia (24.81), and OBGYN (21.55) were comparable and were much higher than Orthopedics (14.64), Ophthalmology (11.96), and Otorhinolaryngology (8.08). SS spot densities were greater for Urology (1.90), Neurosurgery (1.86), and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (1.83), followed by Plastic Surgery (1.52), and Pediatric Surgery (1.27). The average density was significantly lower for PG SAO specialties than non-SAO specialties (p=0.001) whereas there was no significant difference in densities for SS SAO and non-SAO specialties (p=0.197). For 100 MBBS spots, there were only 20 PG SAO spots while for 100 PG SAO spots, there were just 9 SS SAO spots available. The distribution of spots was geographically uneven with about two-thirds of spots concentrated in 10 states/union territories.ConclusionAnnually, India can produce only about 24 General Surgeons, 15 Orthopedic Surgeons, 12 Ophthalmologists, 8 Otorhinolaryngologists, 25 Anesthetists, 22 OBGYNs, and 10 sub-specialist surgeons per 10 million population. The distribution of spots is inequitable across the states. Hence, scale up of surgical training capacity needs to be carried out with attention to reducing disparities.HighlightsWe present a novel pan-India analysis of SAO workforce production capacity.In 2018, India had 13793 postgraduate and 1350 subspecialty SAO training spots.59 surgeons and 10 subspecialist surgeons are produced per 10 million people.Competitiveness of matching into residency-level programs is assessed.Every 100 MBBS spots had 20 PG SAO spots. Every 100 PG SAO spots had 9 SS SAO spots.
Non-negligible seroprevalence of murine typhus and its predictors in Japan: a large-scale seroepidemiological study
Authors: Aita Tetsuro , Sando Eiichiro , Katoh Shungo , Hamaguchi Sugihiro , Fujita Hiromi , Kurita Noriaki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScrub typhus (ST) and Japanese spotted fever (JSF) are endemic rickettsioses in Japan, whereas murine typhus (MT) has been slightly reported over the last 50 years. To elucidate the epidemiology and risk factors of MT, we conducted a cross-sectional study of residents in the southern Boso Peninsula, a rickettsia-endemic region, from August to November 2020, using their sera, questionnaires, residential addresses, and geographic information. A total of 2,382 residents were included in the study. The seroprevalence of MT was higher than that of ST (11.3% vs. 7.9%), with a prevalence ratio of 1.42 (p<0.001). In addition, exposure to bushes and living in sparsely populated areas are significant risk factors for MT. These findings indicate that MT is a neglected disease; hence, patients with suspected rickettsial infections, especially those with risk factors, should undergo comprehensive rickettsial infection testing, including MT testing.Article Summary LineThis is a large epidemiological study in Japan to elucidate the seroprevalence and predictors ofRickettsia typhi, which may be neglected today.
Distributed representations of prediction error signals across the cortical hierarchy are synergistic
Authors: Gelens Frank , Äijälä Juho , Roberts Louis , Komatsu Misako , Uran Cem , Jensen Michael A. , Miller Kai J. , Ince Robin A.A. , Garagnani Max , Vinck Martin , Canales-Johnson Andres 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn important question concerning inter-areal communication in the cortex is whether these interactions are synergistic, i.e. brain signals can either share common information (redundancy) or they can encode complementary information that is only available when both signals are considered together (synergy). Here, we dissociated cortical interactions sharing common information from those encoding complementary information during prediction error processing. To this end, we computed co-information, an information-theoretical measure that distinguishes redundant from synergistic information among brain signals. We analyzed auditory and frontal electrocorticography (ECoG) signals in five common awake marmosets performing two distinct auditory oddball tasks and investigated to what extent event-related potentials (ERP) and broadband (BB) dynamics encoded redundant and synergistic information during auditory prediction error processing. In both tasks, we observed multiple patterns of synergy across the entire cortical hierarchy with distinct dynamics. The information conveyed by ERPs and BB signals was highly synergistic even at lower stages of the hierarchy in the auditory cortex, as well as between auditory and frontal regions. Using a brain-constrained neural network, we simulated the spatio-temporal patterns of synergy and redundancy observed in the experimental results and further demonstrated that the emergence of synergy between auditory and frontal regions requires the presence of strong, long-distance, feedback and feedforward connections. These results indicate that the distributed representations of prediction error signals across the cortical hierarchy can be highly synergistic.
Observing Aggression Increases Aggression In Semi-Free Ranging Barbary Macaques
Authors: Blood Rachel A. , Semple Stuart 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn many social living species, seeing conspecifics interacting can alter the behaviour of bystanders, leading to social contagion – the spread of behaviour or emotion among group members. Among primates, studies of a small number of species have explored bystanders’ responses to observing aggressive interactions, finding evidence that individuals that see such interactions are more likely to subsequently engage in aggressive behaviours themselves. To increase the taxonomic breadth of this body of research, working with semi-free ranging adult female Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) at the Trentham Monkey Forest, Stoke-on-Trent, UK, we assessed bystanders’ responses to observing naturally occurring aggressive interactions. Data were collected under two conditions: (i) after observing an aggressive interaction between conspecifics and (ii) during a matched-control period, before which individuals did not observe aggression. Bystanders were significantly quicker to initiate an aggressive interaction themselves after observing an aggressive interaction than if they had not, providing evidence of behavioural contagion. There was no effect of observing aggression on the rates of self-directed behaviour (an indicator of anxiety), suggesting the negative emotional states associated with involvement in aggressive interactions did not spread to bystanders. The results of this study provide new insight into the nature and importance of visual contagion of behaviour among primates.
Engineered production of isoprene from the model green microalgaChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Yahya Razan Z. , Wellman Gordon B. , Overmans Sebastian , Lauersen Kyle J. 
Published: January 2023

1.AbstractIsoprene is a clear, colorless, volatile 5-carbon hydrocarbon that is one monomer of all cellular isoprenoids and a platform chemical with multiple applications in industry. Many plants have evolved isoprene synthases (IspSs) with the capacity to liberate isoprene from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) as part of cellular protection mechanisms. Isoprene is hydrophobic and volatile, rapidly leaves plant tissues and is one of the main carbon emission sources from vegetation globally. The universality of isoprenoid metabolism allows volatile isoprene production from microbes expressing heterologous IspSs. Here, we compared heterologous overexpression from the nuclear genome and localization into the plastid of four plant terpene synthases (TPs) in the green microalgaChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using sealed vial mixotrophic cultivation, direct quantification of isoprene production was achieved from the headspace of living cultures, with the highest isoprene production observed in algae expressing theIpomoea batatasIspS. Perturbations of the downstream carotenoid pathway through keto carotenoid biosynthesis enhanced isoprene titers, which could be further enhanced by increasing flux towards DMAPP through heterologous co-expression of a yeast isopentenyl-PP delta isomerase. Multiplexed controlled-environment testing revealed that cultivation temperature, rather than illumination intensity, was the main factor affecting isoprene yield from the engineered alga. This is the first report of heterologous isoprene production from a eukaryotic alga and sets a foundation for further exploration of carbon conversion to this commodity chemical.Abstract Figure