bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Boosted Selective CO2‐to‐CO Photoreduction with Pure Water Vapor over Hierarchical Biomass‐Derived Carbon Matrix
Authors: Jiang Zhifeng , Zhang Zhiquan , Liang Jianli , Zhou Min , Liu Daobin , Mao Danjun , Zhang Qun , Zhang Wei , Li Huaming , Song Li , An Taicheng , Wong Po Keung , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) with water into carbon‐neutral fuels is of great significance but remains challenging due to thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO2. Biomass‐derived nitrogen‐doped carbon (N‐Cb) have been considered as promising earth‐abundant photocatalysts for CO2RR, although their activities are not ideal and the reaction mechanism is still unclear. Herein, an efficient catalyst is developed for CO2‐to‐CO conversion realized on diverse N‐Cbmaterials with hierarchical pore structures. It is demonstrated that the CO2‐to‐CO conversion preferentially takes place on positively charged carbon atoms next to pyridinic‐N using two representatives treated pollens with the largest difference in pyridinic‐N density and N content as model photocatalysts. Systematic experimental results indicate that surface local electric field originating from charge separation can be boosted by hierarchical pore structures, doped N, as well as pyridinic‐N. Mechanistic studies reveal that positively charged carbon atoms next to pyridinic‐N serve as active sites for CO2RR, reduce the energy barrier on the formation of CO*, and facilitate the CO2RR performance. All these benefits cooperatively contribute to treated chrysanthemum pollen catalyst exhibiting excellent CO formation rate of 203.2 µmol h−1 g−1with 97.2% selectivity in pure water vapor. These results provide a new perspective into CO2RR on N‐Cb, which shall guide the design of nature‐based photocatalysts for high‐performance solar‐fuel generation.
Engineering Neurovascular Unit and Blood–Brain Barrier for Ischemic Stroke Modeling
Authors: Liu Ze , Tang Yaohui , Zhang Zhijun , Liu Qianqian , Wang Mian , Li Wanlu , Yang Guo‐Yuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke is a primary vascular disease of the central nervous system characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. As conventional ischemic stroke models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy, in vitro neurovascular unit (NVU)/blood–brain barrier (BBB) models are utilized to model ischemic stroke through replicating the cell–cell interactions and mimicking the blood flow and anatomical features of the brain. Here, an overview of transwell, microfluidic, and hydrogel‐based NVU/BBB models is provided, including cell types, engineering approaches, and the simulation of physiological and pathological features of NVU/BBB after ischemic stroke. Collectively, recent advances in 3D‐printed NVU models are emphasized, which are anticipated to be a promising system for more reliable mechanistic studies and preclinical drug screenings that can eventually accelerate the drug development process for the ischemic stroke therapy.
Moisture‐Resilient Perovskite Solar Cells for Enhanced Stability
Authors: Azmi Randi , Zhumagali Shynggys , Bristow Helen , Zhang Shanshan , Yazmaciyan Aren , Pininti Anil Reddy , Utomo Drajad Satrio , Subbiah Anand S. , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the rapid rise in device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), overcoming instabilities under outdoor operating conditions has become the most crucial obstacle toward their commercialization. Among stressors such as light, heat, voltage bias, and moisture, the latter is arguably the most critical, as it can decompose metal‐halide perovskite (MHP) photoactive absorbers instantly through its hygroscopic components (organic cations and metal halides). In addition, most charge transport layers (CTLs) commonly employed in PSCs also degrade in the presence of water. Furthermore, photovoltaic module fabrication encompasses several steps, such as laser processing, subcell interconnection, and encapsulation, during which the device layers are exposed to the ambient atmosphere. Therefore, as a first step toward long‐term stable perovskite photovoltaics, it is vital to engineer device materials toward maximizing moisture resilience, which can be accomplished by passivating the bulk of the MHP film, introducing passivation interlayers at the top contact, exploiting hydrophobic CTLs, and encapsulating finished devices with hydrophobic barrier layers, without jeopardizing device performance. Here, existing strategies for enhancing the performance stability of PSCs are reviewed and pathways toward moisture‐resilient commercial perovskite devices are formulated.
Activatable Sonoafterglow Nanoprobes for T‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Xu Cheng , He Shasha , Wei Xin , Huang Jingsheng , Xu Mengke , Pu Kanyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReal‐time imaging of immune systems benefits early diagnosis of disease and precision immunotherapy; however, most existing imaging probes either have “always‐on” signals with poor correlation to immune responses, or rely on light excitation with limited imaging depth. In this work, an ultrasound‐induced afterglow (sonoafterglow) nanoprobe is developed to specifically detect granzyme B for accurate imaging of T‐cell immunoactivation in vivo. The sonoafterglow nanoprobe (Q‐SNAP) consists of sonosensitizers, afterglow substrates, and quenchers. Upon ultrasound irradiation, sonosensitizers generate singlet oxygen, which converts substrates to high‐energy dioxetane intermediates that slowly release energy after ultrasound cessation. Due to the proximity, energy from substrates can be transferred to quenchers, leading to afterglow quenching. Only in the presence of granzyme B, quenchers are liberated from Q‐SNAP, resulting in bright afterglow emission with a limit of detection (LOD, 2.1 nm) much lower than most existing fluorescent probes. Due to the deep‐tissue‐penetrating ultrasound, sonoafterglow can be induced through a tissue of 4 cm thickness. Based on the correlation between sonoafterglow and granzyme B, Q‐SNAP not only distinguishes autoimmune hepatitis from healthy liver as early as 4 h after probe injection, but also effectively monitors the cyclosporin‐A‐mediated reversal of T‐cell hyperactivation. Q‐SNAP thus offers the possibilities of dynamic monitoring of T‐cell dysfunction and evaluation of prophylactic immunotherapy in deep‐seated lesions.
Promoting Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Inducing Out‐of‐Plane Polarization in a Metal Phthalocyanine Catalyst
Authors: Li Xiyu , Wu Xingshun , Zhao Yuan , Lin Yunxiang , Zhao Jiahui , Wu Chuanqiang , Liu Hengjie , Shan Lei , Yang Li , Song Li , Jiang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal phthalocyanine (MPc) material with a well‐defined MN4 moiety offers a platform for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), while the practical performance is often limited by the insufficient O2 adsorption due to the planar MN4 configuration. Here, a design (called Gr‐MG‐O‐MPPc) is proposed, where the metal of MPc (MP) is axially coordinated to a single metal atom in graphene (Gr‐MG) through a bridge‐bonded oxygen atom (O), introducing effective out‐of‐plane polarization to promote O2 adsorption on MPc. Manipulating the out‐of‐plane polarization charge by varying types of MP and MG (MP = Fe/Co/Ni, MG = Ti/V/Cr/Mn/Fe/Co/Ni) in the axial coordination zone of ‐MG‐O‐MP‐ are examined by density functional theory simulations. Among them, the catalyst of Gr‐V‐O‐FePc stands out with the highest calculated O2 adsorption energy, which is synthesized successfully and verified by systemic X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. Importantly, it delivers a remarkable ORR performance with half‐wave potential of 0.925 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) and kinetic current density of 26.7 mA cm−2. This thus demonstrates a new and simple way to pursue high catalytic performance by inducing out‐of‐plane polarization in catalysts.
Epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5MnO3‐δ Bipolar Memristive Devices with Tunable and Stable Multilevel States
Authors: Moncasi Carlos , Lefèvre Gauthier , Villeger Quentin , Rapenne Laetitia , Khuu Thoai‐Khanh , Wilhelm Fabrice , Rogalev Andrei , Jiménez Carmen , Burriel Mónica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractValence change memories are novel data storage devices in which the resistance is determined by a reversible redox reaction triggered by voltage. The oxygen content and mobility within the active materials of these devices play a crucial role in their performance. Therefore, materials which present fast oxygen migration properties and can accommodate variable oxygen stoichiometry are promising candidates. In this work, the perovskite La0.5Sr0.5MnO3‐δ (LSM50) as memristive material is studied, which presents a more facile oxygen vacancy formation and faster oxygen migration compared to other strontium‐substituted manganites. For the first time reproducible resistive switching is reported in epitaxial LSM50‐based devices with active Ti electrodes, which show large operating window and stable multilevel states. Based on the structural, chemical, and electrical results, a simple phenomenological description of the resistive switching phenomena taking place in these novel LSM50‐based memristive devices is proposed.
Advanced Biomimetic Nanostructured Microelectrode Arrays for Enhanced Extracellular Recordings of Enteric Neurons
Authors: Nowduri Bharat , Schulte Steven , Jolfaei Negin Adavoudi , Decker Dominique , Rabe Holger , Schäfer Karl‐Herbert , Saumer Monika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroelectrode surfaces covered with nanostructures derived from components of extracellular matrix, such as collagen fibers, have shown immense beneficial effects in promoting neuronal growth and cellular signaling. Synthetic nanostructures mimicking the features of biological nanostructures with durable conductive materials could promote the cell adhesion on microelectrode surfaces by providing topographical cues and simultaneously improve the charge transfer properties by reducing its global impedance. Therefore, an advanced nanostructuring method mimicking the structural and organizational features of natural collagen fibers onto metallic microelectrode surfaces has been presented here, which is adapted from previous technological achievements of the group and is based on nanoimprint lithography and gold electroplating. Surface characterization methods reveal an increase in surface area between 20% and 68% on the microelectrodes fabricated with two different nanostructure heights. Impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal reduction in impedance magnitude (at 1 kHz) between 22% and 41%, depending upon the nanostructure height and density on the microelectrode, which should subsequently modulate its charge transfer properties for biosensing application. Cell adhesion analysis performed with seal impedance measurements reveals a tighter coupling of enteric neurons on the nanostructured microelectrodes. Finally, extracellular recordings from enteric neurons exhibit a significant improvement in spike detection properties of the nanostructured microelectrodes.
Comparative Analysis of Synthesis Routes for Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide‐Supported Iridium and Iridium oxide Catalysts for OER in PEM Water Electrolysis
Authors: Gollasch Marius , Schmeling Jasmin , Harms Corinna , Wark Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigates and compares four different deposition methods for an iridium‐based catalyst on antimony‐doped tin oxide support for oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis. Different synthesis routes often lead to varying properties of the resulting catalyst and can result in performance disparities. Here, some of the most prominent methods are carried out on the same support material and evaluated with special focus on the deposition yield of Ir and thus cost efficiency along with electrochemical performance. The catalysts are also assessed based on their chemical composition, namely Ir or IrO2‐based, with an additional thermal treatment to convert Ir to IrO2 species. The chosen synthesis routes result in different Ir species to obtain tetragonal IrO2 a modified Adams fusion approach delivers the best controllable and highest Ir loading and thus superior electrochemical performance. As far as metallic Ir catalysts are concerned, a wet‐chemical reduction‐based synthesis results in the most desirable catalyst, which however falls behind the Adams fusion catalyst upon thermal treatment to IrO2. The work in this study is a comprehensive analysis of different synthesis influences and recommends practices for laboratory‐based syntheses and an outlook on industrial viability.
Ion‐Charged Dielectric Nanolayers for Enhanced Surface Passivation in High Efficiency Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Al‐Dhahir Isabel , Niu Xinya , Yu Mingzhe , McNab Shona , Lin Yingsi , Altermatt Pietro P. , Patrick Christopher E. , Bonilla Ruy Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of solar cells is strongly impacted by an unwanted loss of charge carriers occurring at semiconductor surfaces and interfaces. Here the use of ion‐charged oxide nanolayers to enhance the passivation of silicon surfaces via the field effect mechanism is reported. The first report of enhanced passivation from rubidium and cesium ion‐charged oxide nanolayers is provided. The charge state and formation energy of ion‐charged silicon dioxide are calculated from first principles. Ion embedding is demonstrated and exploited to control the interface population of carriers and minimize electron‐hole pair recombination. The passivation quality directly improves with charge concentration, yet excess ions can produce detrimental interface states. An optimal ionic charge concentration of ≈1.5 × 1012 q cm−2 is deduced, and a recombination velocity and current density as low as 2.8 cm s−1 and 7.8 fA cm−2 are achieved at the Si‐SiO2 interface. Maximized charge is shown to provide efficiency improvements as high as 0.7% absolute. This work provides a unique route to enhance passivation without compromising the film synthesis, thus retaining the antireflection and hydrogenation film properties. As such, ion‐charged dielectrics provide complementary paths for surface and interface optimization in future single‐junction and tandem solar cells.
Enhancing the Stability of Cu‐BTC Metal‐Organic Framework via the Formation of Cu‐BTC@Cu3(PO4)2 MOF Core‐Shell Nanoflower Hierarchical Hybrid Composites
Authors: Elmehrath Sandy , El‐Maghraby Hesham F. , Greish Yaser E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHybrid organic‐inorganic nanoflowers (NFs) have recently emerged as a critical tool in enhancing the stability and activity of biomolecules due to their expansive surface area and porosity. The delicate petal‐like features of NFs offer innumerable sites for biomolecule adsorption, including but not limited to proteins, amino acids, and enzymes. Cu‐BTC, a copper‐based Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) has been hindered in its potential for diverse applications by its instability in humid and aqueous conditions. To overcome this limitation, this study explores the stabilization of Cu‐BTC via the mineralization of its surface with the formation of copper phosphate nanoflowers (NFs). To initiate the mineralization process and provide a template for the growth of the NFs, a physiologically rich amino acid medium is employed. The inclusion of amino acids in the RPMI medium played a crucial role in the preservation of the Cu‐BTC hierarchical structure by facilitating the self‐assembly of copper phosphate nanoflowers on its surface, thereby producing a Cu‐BTC@Cu3(PO4)2 core‐shell structure. The innovative mechanism behind the formation of copper phosphate nanoflowers in this study and its consequential stabilization of the Cu‐BTC MOF structure underscore its novel nature.
Exploring the Formation of CoO/ZnO Heterostructure to Enhance Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hu Zhihao , Zhou Yu , Wu Chuanqiang , Cheng Lixun , Tai Yilin , Chen Shuangming , Song Li , Ge Binghui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRevealing the electrocatalytic microstructure is the basis for finding more efficient and stable electrode materials for clean energy conversion devices. However, there is still a lack of direct understanding of the phase transition process of the sample during heating, which makes the synthesis conditions of the catalyst often rely on experienced guidance. Herein, ZIF‐8@α‐Co(OH)2 core‐shell structure and uniformly coated α‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets on the surface of ZIF‐8 are synthesized. The effect of temperature on microstructure evolution is studied by in situ heating technique with high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Based on understanding the relationship between temperature, microstructure, and OER properties, a simple annealing synthesis strategy is designed effectively. During the annealing process, ZnO@CoO heterogeneous structure is formed at 400 °C, and the material reached a stable hydroxyl oxide structure after electrochemical cycle voltammetry in an alkaline solution. The OER performance test shows that the commercial IrO2 catalyst has comparable catalytic performance.
Sheathed Molecular Junctions for Unambiguous Determination of Charge‐Transport Properties
Authors: Herrer Lucia , Naghibi Saman , Marín Ivan , Ward Jonathan S. , Bonastre Jose María , Higgins S. J. , Martín Santiago , Vezzoli Andrea , Nichols Richard John , Serrano José Luis , Cea Pilar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFuture applications of single‐molecular and large‐surface area molecular devices require a thorough understanding and control of molecular junctions, interfacial phenomena, and intermolecular interactions. In this contribution the concept of single‐molecule junction and host‐guest complexation to sheath a benchmark molecular wire–namely 4,4′‐(1,4‐phenylenebis(ethyne‐2,1‐diyl))dianiline – with an insulating cage, pillar[5]arene 1,4‐diethoxy‐2‐ethyl‐5‐methylbenzene is presented. The insertion of one guest molecular wire into one host pillar[5]arene is probed by 1H‐NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), whilst the self‐assembly capabilities of the amine‐terminated molecular wire remain intact after complexation as demonstrated by XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy). Encapsulation of the molecular wire prevents the formation of π‐ π stacked dimers and permits the determination of the true single molecule conductance with increased accuracy and confidence, as demonstrated here by using the STM–BJ technique (scanning tunneling microscopy– break junction). This strategy opens new avenues in the control of single‐molecule properties and demonstrates the pillararenes capabilities for the future construction of arrays of encapsulated single‐molecule functional units in large‐surface area devices.
Fabrication of Omniphobic‐Omniphilic Micropatterns using GPOSS‐PDMS Coating
Authors: Kartsev Dmitrii D. , Prilepskii Artur Y. , Lukyanov Ilia M. , Sharapenkov Eduard G. , Klaving Anastasiia V. , Goltaev Aleksandr , Mozharov Alexey , Dvoretckaia Liliia , Mukhin Ivan , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurfaces with special wettability properties, such as omniphobicity or omniphilicity, are essential for functional devices that use both aqueous and organic media. Micropatterning of omniphobic and omniphilic properties can provide a wide range of applications, including miniaturized experiments using both aqueous and organic media. Herein, an approach for creating omniphobic‐omniphilic micropatterns based on selective photoacid polymerization of octa(3‐glycidyloxypropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane modified with mono‐aminopropyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane is reported. The composition of the polymeric coatings using infrared spectroscopy; patterning accuracy using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; wettability characteristics of the omniphobic, and omniphilic surfaces using contact angle measurements are studied. The proposed approach allows for single‐step micropatterning (sub‐10 µm) or macropatterning (3 mm). Liquids with surface tensions >22.8 mN m−1 can be confined to the omniphilic areas by the omniphobic borders. C2C12 cells are successfully cultivated in omniphilic areas, demonstrating their cell compatibility. The cells adhere to and grow on the entire surface of the pattern, without any signs of cytotoxicity. However, the strongest adhesion is observed in the omniphilic areas, making it possible to create cell micropatterns in a single step. The proposed method for the fabrication of omniphobic‐omniphilic transparent, mechanically robust, biocompatible patterns can find applications in microfluidics, biotechnology or miniaturized biological screening experiments.
Optically Reconfigurable Complementary Logic Gates Enabled by Bipolar Photoresponse in Gallium Selenide Memtransistor
Authors: Rehman Shania , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Kim Honggyun , Patil Harshada , Aziz Jamal , Kadam Kalyani D. , Rehman Malik Abdul , Rabeel Muhammad , Hao Aize , Khan Karim , Kim Sungho , Eom Jonghwa , Kim Deok‐kee , Khan Muhammad Farooq 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo avoid the complexity of the circuit for in‐memory computing, simultaneous execution of multiple logic gates (OR, AND, NOR, and NAND) and memory behavior are demonstrated in a single device of oxygen plasma‐treated gallium selenide (GaSe) memtransistor. Resistive switching behavior with RON/ROFF ratio in the range of 104 to 106 is obtained depending on the channel length (150 to 1600 nm). Oxygen plasma treatment on GaSe film created shallow and deep‐level defect states, which exhibit carriers trapping/de‐trapping, that lead to negative and positive photoconductance at positive and negative gate voltages, respectively. This distinguishing feature of gate‐dependent transition of negative to positive photoconductance encourages the execution of four logic gates in the single memory device, which is elusive in conventional memtransistor. Additionally, it is feasible to reversibly switch between two logic gates by just adjusting the gate voltages, e.g., NAND/NOR and AND/NAND. All logic gates presented high stability. Additionally, memtransistor array (1×8) is fabricated and programmed into binary bits representing ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) code for the uppercase letter “N”. This facile device configuration can provide the functionality of both logic and memory devices for emerging neuromorphic computing.
High‐Precision Wavelength Tuning of GeSn Nanobeam Lasers via Dynamically Controlled Strain Engineering
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Joo Hyo‐Jun , Chen Melvina , Son Bongkwon , Burt Daniel , Shi Xuncheng , Zhang Lin , Ikonic Zoran , Tan Chuan Seng , Nam Donguk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe technology to develop a large number of identical coherent light sources on an integrated photonics platform holds the key to the realization of scalable optical and quantum photonic circuits. Herein, a scalable technique is presented to produce identical on‐chip lasers by dynamically controlled strain engineering. By using localized laser annealing that can control the strain in the laser gain medium, the emission wavelengths of several GeSn one‐dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam lasers are precisely matched whose initial emission wavelengths are significantly varied. The method changes the GeSn crystal structure in a region far away from the gain medium by inducing Sn segregation in a dynamically controllable manner, enabling the emission wavelength tuning of more than 10 nm without degrading the laser emission properties such as intensity and linewidth. The authors believe that the work presents a new possibility to scale up the number of identical light sources for the realization of large‐scale photonic‐integrated circuits.