bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing BDSM and AIDS Activism: Archiving Pleasures, Sanitizing History
Authors: Slagstad Ketil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The visual archive of AIDS and fetish activism is a rich resource for studying interlinkages between art and science, activism and public health, politics and medicine, pleasure and sexual health prevention. This article explores AIDS and fetish activism imagery from the first two decades of the Norwegian AIDS crisis. Interrogating the materiality and visual context of images – photographs, posters, flyers, and safer sex instructions – it maps out visualization practices in leather, BDSM and AIDS activism. AIDS and fetish imagery made some bodies, pleasures, and political goals visible – and rendered others unseen. The article explores the materiality of images and their visual, social, and historical context of production, and traces their social biographies and afterlives. Fetish images were vehicles for change and actors co-producing history. They took part in destigmatizing BDSM, challenging psychiatric classification, and creating infrastructure and networks between subcultures, communities, and authorities. The visualization of fetish activism was as much about communication strategies as it was about aesthetic, style, and motive. The politics of visibility in Norwegian fetish activism point to the vulnerable project of fighting for acceptance through “respectability,” while preserving the individuality and “otherness” of leather and fetish culture.
Measuring blood cell DNA damage using the PIG-A mutation and CBMN assay in pancreatic cancer patients: a pilot study
Authors: Nichols Lucy , Lawrence Rachel , Haboubi Hasan , Al-Sarireh Bilal , Doak Shareen , Jenkins Gareth 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer still has one of the worst prognoses of all solid malignancies, despite developments in cancer knowledge and care. Research into pancreatic cancer has not fully translated into clinical improvements and as a result, fewer than 1% of patients survive 10 years post-diagnosis. This bleak outlook for patients could be improved by earlier diagnosis. The human erythrocyte phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG-A) assay monitors the mutation status of the X-linked PIG-A gene by measuring glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on the extracellular surface. We have previously identified an elevated PIG-A mutant frequency in oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and here investigate whether this could be seen in a pancreatic cancer cohort, given the urgent need for novel pancreatic cancer biomarkers. In our pilot study, an elevated PIG-A mutant frequency (5.775 × 10−6 (95% CI 4.777–10) mutants per million) was seen in pancreatic cancer patients (n = 30) when compared to the non-cancer control group (n = 14) who had an erythrocyte mutant frequency of 4.211 × 10−6 (95% CI 1.39–5.16) mutants per million (p = 0.0052). A cut-off value of 4.7 mutants per million provided an AUROC of 0.7595 with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 78.57%. A secondary measure of DNA damage in an alternative blood cell population also showed an increase in peripheral lymphocytes using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (p = 0.0164) (AUROC = 0.77, sensitivity = 72.22%, specificity = 72.73%). The micronucleus frequency and PIG-A status show some potential as blood-based biomarkers of pancreatic cancer, but further investigations of these DNA damage tests are required to assess their utility in pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
Shaping officer behaviour through training and policy
Authors: McLean Kyle , Alikhan Arif , Alpert Geoffrey P 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcademic research aimed at measuring changes in officer behaviour typically focuses on agencies’ implementation of new training or modifications to policy. However, programmes to change officer behaviour are more likely to be successful when changes in policies are coupled with effective training. This paper reviews the importance of coupling training and policy changes to maximize the chances of modifying an officer’s behaviour. As an example, we present results from a quasi-experimental evaluation of a training programme paired with a policy modification regarding the application of an electronic control weapon (ECW). The evaluation used videos of a use-of-force encounter integrated into a pre- and post-survey asking officers for their recommended levels of force in the encounter. Results demonstrate that officers evaluated the circumstance differently after completing the training component and were less likely to recommend the use of the ECW.
Gunshot Detection Technology Time Savings and Spatial Precision: An Exploratory Analysis in Kansas City
Authors: Piza Eric L , Hatten David N , Carter Jeremy G , Baughman Jonas H , Mohler George O 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGunshot detection technology (GDT) is expected to impact gun violence by accelerating the discovery and response to gunfire. GDT should further collect more accurate spatial data, as gunfire is assigned to coordinates measured by acoustic sensors rather than addresses reported via 9-1-1 calls for service (CFS). The current study explores the level to which GDT achieves these benefits over its first 5 years of operation in Kansas City, Missouri. Data systems are triangulated to determine the time and location gunfire was reported by GDT and CFS. The temporal and spatial distances between GDT and CFS are then calculated. Findings indicate GDT generates time savings and increases spatial precision as compared to CFS. This may facilitate police responses to gunfire events and provide more spatially accurate data to inform policing strategies. Results of generalized linear and multinomial logistic regression models indicate that GDT benefits are influenced by a number of situational factors.
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ABSOLUTE ACTIVITIES IN CONTAMINATIONS AND SKIN DOSES
Authors: Dubeau Jacques , Sun Jiansheng , Hakmana Witharana Sampath S , Heinmiller Bruce E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
At radiological facilities, protocols are in place to guide radiation protection personnel in the event of the radioactive contamination of surfaces. A count rate measurement is performed with a portable contamination survey meter and a sample of the contamination is taken for later analysis and identification of the radionuclides. If the contaminated surface was of a worker’s skin, then a skin dose assessment is made. The determination of the absolute activity of the radionuclides of the contamination often rests on the assumed detection efficiency of the survey meter used in the initial counting. This may lead to important underestimation or overestimation of the radionuclides’ activities as the detection efficiency of the instrument must depend on the radiation type, the energy and the backscatter characteristics of the surface. This paper reports on a user-friendly computer application that relies on databases of pre-calculated detection efficiencies and skin dose rate conversion factors for the accurate assessment of contamination activities and skin doses. The results of some cases are compared with the available data in the literature.
Development of a difficulty scoring system for laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy in the initial stage of the learning curve: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Peng Feng , He Ruizhi , Wang Hebin , Zhang Hang , Wang Min , Qin Tingting , Qin Renyi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
It remains uncertain how surgeons can safely pass the learning curve of laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) without potentially harming patients. We aimed to develop a difficulty scoring system (DSS) to select an appropriate patient for surgeons.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 773 elective pancreatoduodenectomy surgeries between July 2014 and December 2019, including 346 LPD and 427 open pancreatoduodenectomy cases, were included. A 10-level DSS for LPD was developed, and an additional 77 consecutive LPD surgeries which could provide information of the learning stage I of LPD externally validated its performance between December 2019 and December 2021.

Results:
The incidences of postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo≥III) gradually decreased from the learning curve stage I–III (20.00, 10.94, 5.79%, P=0.008, respectively). The DSS consisted of the following independent risk factors: (1) tumor location, (2) vascular resection and reconstruction, (3) learning curve stage, (4) prognostic nutritional index, (5) tumor size, and (6) benign or malignant tumor. The weighted Cohen’s κ statistic of concordance between the reviewer’s and calculated difficulty score index was 0.873. The C-statistics of DSS for postoperative complication (Clavien–Dindo≥III) were 0.818 in the learning curve stage I. The patients with DSS<5 had lower postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo≥III) than those with DSS≥5 (4.35–41.18%, P=0.004) in the training cohort and had a lower postoperative pancreatic fistula (19.23–57.14%, P=0.0352), delayed gastric emptying (19.23–71.43%, P=0.001), and bile leakage rate (0.00–21.43%, P=0.0368) in validation cohort in the learning curve stage I.

Conclusion:
We developed and validated a difficulty score model for patient selection, which could facilitate the stepwise adoption of LPD for surgeons at different stages of the learning curve.
A single neuron inC. elegansorchestrates multiple motor outputs through parallel modes of transmission
Authors: Huang Yung-Chi , Luo Jinyue , Huang Wenjia , Baker Casey M. , Gomes Matthew A. , Byrne Alexandra B. , Flavell Steven W. 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYAnimals generate a wide range of highly coordinated motor outputs, which allows them to execute purposeful behaviors. Individual neuron classes in the circuits that generate behavior have a remarkable capacity for flexibility, as they exhibit multiple axonal projections, transmitter systems, and modes of neural activity. How these multi-functional properties of neurons enable the generation of highly coordinated behaviors remains unknown. Here we show that the HSN neuron inC. elegansevokes multiple motor programs over different timescales to enable a suite of behavioral changes during egg-laying. Using HSN activity perturbations and in vivo calcium imaging, we show that HSN acutely increases egg-laying and locomotion while also biasing the animals towards low-speed dwelling behavior over longer timescales. The acute effects of HSN on egg-laying and high-speed locomotion are mediated by separate sets of HSN transmitters and different HSN axonal projections. The long-lasting effects on dwelling are mediated by HSN release of serotonin that is taken up and re-released by NSM, another serotonergic neuron class that directly evokes dwelling. Our results show how the multi-functional properties of a single neuron allow it to induce a coordinated suite of behaviors and also reveal for the first time that neurons can borrow serotonin from one another to control behavior.
Corporate culture, innovation and board size: recent evidence from machine learning and earnings conference calls
Authors: Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Taking advantage of a novel measure of innovative culture generated by advanced machine learning, this study aims to investigate how a culture of innovation is influenced by a crucial aspect of the board of directors, i.e. board size. The data on corporate culture of innovation are based on a textual analysis of earnings conference calls and represent a unique approach to capturing corporate culture.

Design/methodology/approach
In addition to the standard regression analysis, the authors also perform several sophisticated robustness checks, such as propensity score matching, entropy balancing, an instrumental-variable analysis, Oster’s (2019) method for testing coefficient stability, GMM dynamic panel data analysis and Lewbel’s (2012) heteroscedastic identification.

Findings
Corroborating the prediction of the resource dependence theory, the study results show that larger boards promote an innovative culture more effectively. A larger board with more directors provides the firm with additional resources, expertise and abilities, enabling it to develop an innovative culture more successfully.

Originality/value
This study is the first to examine the effect of board size on innovation using data on corporate culture generated by sophisticated computer algorithms. The authors advance the literature both in corporate governance and corporate innovation.
Early extubation in extracorporeal life support patients: A propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Behouche Alexandre , Gaide‐Chevronnay Lucie , Piot Juliette , Durost Maxime , Adolle Anais , Le Guen Yann , Vilotitch Antoine , Bosson Jean‐Luc , Sebestyen Alexandre , Durand Michel , Albaladejo Pierre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtubation strategy in extracorporeal life support patients remains unclear, and literature only reports studies with significant biases.ObjectivesTo explore the prognostic impact of an early ventilator‐weaning strategy in assisted patients after controlling for confounding factors.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective study included 241 patients receiving extracorporeal life support for at least 48 h, corresponding to a total of 977 days spent on assistance. The a priori probability of extubation for each day of assistance was calculated according to daily biological examinations, drug doses, clinical observations, and admission data to pair each day containing an extubation with one on which the patient was not extubated. The primary outcome was survival at day 28. The secondary outcomes were survival at day 7, respiratory infections, and safety criteria.ResultsTwo similar cohorts of 61 patients were generated. Survival at day 28 was better in patients extubated under assistance in univariate and multivariate (HR = 0.37 [0.2–0.68], p‐value = 0.002) analyses. Patients who underwent failed early extubation did not have a different prognosis from those without early extubation. Successful early extubation was associated with a better outcome than a failed or no attempt at early extubation. Survival at day 7 and the rate of respiratory infections were better in early‐extubated patients. Safety data did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsEarly extubation during assistance was associated with a superior outcome in our propensity‐matched cohort study. The safety data were reassuring. However, due to the lack of prospective randomized studies, the causality remains uncertain.
Brain‐specific glycosylation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) marks a demyelination‐associated astrocyte subtype
Authors: Takahashi Kazuto , Kanekiyo Kenji , Sakuda Kanoko , Muto Yui , Iguchi Masahiro , Matsuda Nozomu , Hashimoto Yuko , Kanai Kazuaki , Ogawa Haruko , Hirase Hajime , Kakita Akiyoshi , Bizen Norihisa , Takebayashi Hirohide , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Uzuki Miwa , Kitazume Shinobu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAstrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, where they participate in various homeostatic functions. Transcriptomically, diverse astrocyte subpopulations play distinct roles during development and disease progression. However, the biochemical identification of astrocyte subtypes, especially by membrane surface protein glycosylation, remains poorly investigated. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type zeta (PTPRZ) is a highly expressed membrane protein in CNS glia cells that can be modified with diverse glycosylation, including the unique HNK‐1 capped O‐mannosyl (O‐Man) core M2 glycan mediated by brain‐specific branching enzyme GnT‐IX. Although PTPRZ modified with HNK‐1 capped O‐Man glycans (HNK‐1‐O‐Man+ PTPRZ) is increased in reactive astrocytes of demyelination model mice, whether such astrocytes emerge in a broad range of disease‐associated conditions or are limited to conditions associated with demyelination remains unclear. Here, we show that HNK‐1‐O‐Man+ PTPRZ localizes in hypertrophic astrocytes of damaged brain areas in patients with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes expressing HNK‐1‐O‐Man+ PTPRZ are present in two demyelination mouse models (cuprizone‐fed mice and a vanishing white matter disease model), while traumatic brain injury does not induce glycosylation. Administration of cuprizone to Aldh1l1‐eGFP and Olig2KICreER/+;Rosa26eGFP mice revealed that cells expressing HNK‐1‐O‐Man+ PTPRZ are derived from cells in the astrocyte lineage. Notably, GnT‐IX but not PTPRZ mRNA was up‐regulated in astrocytes isolated from the corpus callosum of cuprizone model mice. These results suggest that the unique PTPRZ glycosylation plays a key role in the patterning of demyelination‐associated astrocytes.image
Effectiveness of online cognitive behavioural therapy on quality of life in adults with depression: A systematic review
Authors: Fadipe Melissa F. , Aggarwal Seema , Johnson Constance , Beauchamp Jennifer E. S. 
Published: April 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide that negatively impacts quality of life. Talk therapy such as cognitive behavioural therapy is an effective treatment for depression. The Internet is an important tool for mental healthcare delivery. Internet‐delivered or online talk therapy interventions are associated with lower costs and improved accessibility.

Current reviews do not address the effectiveness of Internet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) on quality of life (QoL).

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

Interventions for iCBT have better QoL improvements for individuals with greater depressive symptom severity, females, young adults and individuals with complex comorbid disorders. Support from a healthcare provider for iCBT interventions have better outcomes than self‐guided therapy interventions. Tailoring the iCBT intervention to the specialized needs of the population is beneficial.

What are the implications for practice

There is potential to address treatment gaps for managing the care of individuals with depression. Utilizing iCBT promotes the integration of accessible mental healthcare in clinical settings.

Healthcare providers can have a more comprehensive approach to delivering iCBT by considering adaptations relevant to the clinical population being treated.

AbstractIntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability resulting from social, psychological and biological factors affecting quality of life (QoL). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective psychotherapy for MDD. Internet‐delivered CBT (iCBT) is associated with lower costs and improved accessibility.AimWe aimed to examine the effectiveness of iCBT on QoL in adults with depression.MethodPubMed, Embase and PsycINFO were searched between 2010 and 2022. Inclusion criteria were experimental designs, adults ≥18 years old, depression diagnosis or valid self‐report measure, iCBT intervention; and QoL outcome. Exclusion criteria were studies without depression analysis and intellectual disabilities or psychosis.ResultsSeventeen articles were included, with a negative correlation between depression severity and QoL. Sex, age and physical comorbidity positively influenced effectiveness. Depressive severity, dysfunctional attitude and negative thinking were predictors and moderators of QoL. Clinician support can impact social interactions and sense of belonging.DiscussionInternet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy is effective for improving QoL in adults with MDD. Severe depression, females, younger age and comorbid disorders were associated with greater QoL improvements.Implications for PracticeThe findings suggest iCBT could address depression treatment gaps related to improving QoL. Utilizing iCBT potentially improves the care continuum for individuals with complex disorders.
Serum concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and IL6 can predict the onset of sepsis in pyometra bitches
Authors: Sasidharan Jisna Kuttiyeri , Patra Manas Kumar , De Ujjwal Kumar , Khan Javid Ahmad , Shah Irfan , Mathesh Karikalan , Saxena Abhishek Chandra , Dubal Zunjar Baburao , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Harendra , Krishnaswamy Narayanan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs onset of sepsis adversely affects the prognosis of canine pyometra, finding biomarkers that would distinguish sepsis status would be useful in the clinical management. Accordingly, we hypothesized that differential expression of endometrial transcripts and circulating concentration of certain inflammatory mediators would discriminate pyometra‐led sepsis (P‐sepsis+) from those of pyometra without sepsis (P‐sepsis−). Bitches with pyometra (n = 52) were classified into P‐sepsis+ (n = 28) and P‐sepsis− (n = 24) based on vital clinical score and total leukocyte count. A group of non‐pyometra bitches (n = 12) served as control. The relative fold changes in the transcripts of IL6, IL8, TNFα, IL10, PTGS2, mPGES1 and PGFS, SLPI, S100A8, S100A12 and eNOS were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of IL6, IL8, IL10, SLPI and prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM) were assayed by ELISA. The relative fold changes in S100A12 and SLPI and mean concentrations of IL6 and SLPI were significantly (p < .05) higher in P‐sepsis+ than that of P‐sepsis− group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that serum IL6 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 78.6% and a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 2.09, at a cut‐off value of 15.7 pg/mL to diagnose P‐sepsis+ cases. Similarly, serum SLPI had a sensitivity of 84.6% and an LR+ of 2.23, at a cut‐off value of 2.0 pg/mL. It was concluded that SLPI and IL6 would serve as putative biomarkers for pyometra‐led sepsis in bitches. Monitoring SLPI and IL6 would be a useful adjunct to the established haemato‐biochemical parameters in customizing the treatment strategies and arriving at the decision for management of pyometra bitches with critical illness.
Economic inclusion and social trust in Africa: The positive effects of political reach
Authors: Hutchison Marc L. , Johnson Kristin , Rundlett Ashlea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing Afrobarometer survey data and statistical modeling techniques designed to mitigate concerns over endogeneity, we find that higher levels of political reach are associated with increased individual social trust. We further observe that political reach has a stronger effect on social trust in post‐conflict societies. These findings have significant implications for state‐building strategies focused on increasing social cohesion and post‐conflict governance.