bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system relapse in younger patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a LYSA and GLA/DSHNHL analysis
Authors: Thieblemont Catherine , Altmann Bettina , Frontzek Fabian , Renaud Loïc , Chartier Loic , Ketterer Nicolas , Récher Christian , Poeschel Viola , Fitoussi Olivier , Held Gerhard , Casasnovas Olivier , Haioun Corinne , Morschhauser Franck , Glass Bertram , Mounier Nicolas , Tilly Herve , Rosenwald Andreas , Ott German , Lenz Georg , Molina Thierry , Ziepert Marita , Schmitz Norbert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with immunochemotherapy such as R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Patients with progression or relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) face dismal outcomes. The impact of more aggressive regimens used in frontline therapy has not been systematically investigated in this context. To this end, we analyzed a large cohort of 2203 younger patients with DLBCL treated on 10 German (German Lymphoma Alliance [GLA]/The German High Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group [DSHNHL]) and French (The Lymphoma Study Association [LYSA]) prospective phase 2 and 3 trials after first-line therapy with R-CHOP, R-CHOEP (R-CHOP + etoposide), dose-escalated R-CHOEP followed by repetitive stem cell transplantation (R-MegaCHOEP), or R-ACVBP (rituximab, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycine, and prednisone) followed by consolidation including multiple drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Patients with DLBCL with an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) of 0 to 1 showed very low cumulative incidence rates of CNS relapse regardless of first-line therapy and CNS prophylaxis (3-year cumulative incidences 0%-1%). Younger high-risk patients with aaIPI of 2 to 3 had 3-year cumulative incidence rates of 1.6% and 4% after R-ACVBP plus consolidation or R-(Mega)CHO(E)P, respectively (hazard ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.8-7.4; P = .118). Thus, for younger high-risk patients, frontline regimens incorporating agents crossing the BBB may reduce often fatal CNS relapse.
GENTLE: a novel bioinformatics tool for generating features and building classifiers from T cell repertoire cancer data
Authors: Andrade Dhiego Souto , Terrematte Patrick , Rennó-Costa César , Zilberberg Alona , Efroni Sol 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
In the global effort to discover biomarkers for cancer prognosis, prediction tools have become essential resources. TCR (T cell receptor) repertoires contain important features that differentiate healthy controls from cancer patients or differentiate outcomes for patients being treated with different drugs. Considering, tools that can easily and quickly generate and identify important features out of TCR repertoire data and build accurate classifiers to predict future outcomes are essential.

Results
This paper introduces GENTLE (GENerator of T cell receptor repertoire features for machine LEarning): an open-source, user-friendly web-application tool that allows TCR repertoire researchers to discover important features; to create classifier models and evaluate them with metrics; and to quickly generate visualizations for data interpretations. We performed a case study with repertoires of TRegs (regulatory T cells) and TConvs (conventional T cells) from healthy controls versus patients with breast cancer. We showed that diversity features were able to distinguish between the groups. Moreover, the classifiers built with these features could correctly classify samples (‘Healthy’ or ‘Breast Cancer’)from the TRegs repertoire when trained with the TConvs repertoire, and from the TConvs repertoire when trained with the TRegs repertoire.

Conclusion
The paper walks through installing and using GENTLE and presents a case study and results to demonstrate the application’s utility. GENTLE is geared towards any researcher working with TCR repertoire data and aims to discover predictive features from these data and build accurate classifiers. GENTLE is available on https://github.com/dhiego22/gentle and https://share.streamlit.io/dhiego22/gentle/main/gentle.py.
Low-dose whole-spine imaging using slot-scan digital radiography: a phantom study
Authors: Ichikawa Shigeji , Muto Hiroe , Imao Masashi , Nonaka Takashi , Sakekawa Kouji , Sato Yasutaka 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Slot-scan digital radiography (SSDR) is equipped with detachable scatter grids and a variable copper filter. In this study, this function was used to obtain parameters for low-dose imaging for whole-spine imaging.

Methods
With the scatter grid removed and the beam-hardening (BH) filters (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mm) inserted, the tube voltage (80, 90, 100, 110, or 120 kV) and the exposure time were adjusted to 20 different parameters that produce equivalent image quality. Slot-scan radiographs of an acrylic phantom were acquired with the set parameters, and the optimal parameters (four types) for each filter were determined using the figure of merit. For the four types of parameters obtained in the previous section, SSDR was performed on whole-spine phantoms by varying the tube current, and the parameter with the lowest radiation dose was determined by visual evaluation.

Results
The parameters for each filter according to the FOM results were 90 kV, 400 mA, and 2.8 ms for 0.0 mm thickness; 100 kV, 400 mA, and 2.0 ms for 0.1 mm thickness; 100 kV, 400 mA, and 2.8 ms for 0.2 mm thickness; and 110 kV, 400 mA, and 2.2 ms for 0.3 mm thickness. Visual evaluation of the varying tube currents was performed using these four parameters when the BH filter thicknesses were 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm. The entrance surface dose was 59.44 µGy at 90 kV, 125 mA, and 2.8 ms; 57.39 µGy at 100 kV, 250 mA, and 2.0 ms; 46.89 µGy at 100 kV, 250 mA, and 2.8 ms; and 39.48 µGy at 110 kV, 250 mA, and 2.2 ms, indicating that the 0.3-mm BH filter was associated with the minimum dose.

Conclusion
Whole-spine SSDR could reduce the dose by 79% while maintaining the image quality.
Exosomes from high glucose-treated macrophages promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells via long non-coding RNAs
Authors: Yang Huayu , Bai Yu , Fu Chen , Liu Wenhu , Diao Zongli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Macrophages contribute to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) derived from macrophages play a major role in transmitting biological information, whereas related studies on DN are rare. Here we investigated the effects of exosomal lncRNAs from high glucose-treated macrophages on EMT.

Methods
High glucose-treated macrophage exosomes (HG-exos) were extracted by coprecipitation and stabilized. Then, mouse renal tubular epithelial cells were treated with HG-exos for 24 h. Expression of E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and fibronectin was detected by western blotting, qPCR, and immunofluorescence. High-throughput sequencing was then applied to analyze the bioinformatics of HG-exos.

Results
HG-exos inhibited the proliferation of tubular epithelial cells. Additionally, HG-exos markedly upregulated α-SMA and fibronectin expression and downregulated E-cadherin expression in tubular epithelial cells, indicating EMT induction. A total of 378 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 674 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified by high-throughput sequencing of HG-exos. Bioinformatics analysis and subsequent qPCR validation suggested 27 lncRNAs were enriched in the EMT-related MAPK pathway. Among them, ENSMUST00000181751.1, XR_001778608.1, and XR_880236.2 showed high homology with humans.

Conclusion
Exosomes from macrophages induce EMT in DN and lncRNAs in exosomes enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway may be the possible mechanism.
Kidney dysfunction: prevalence and associated risk factors in a community-based study from the North West Province of South Africa
Authors: Navise Nonkululeko Hellen , Mokwatsi Gontse Gratitude , Gafane-Matemane Lebo Francina , Fabian June , Lammertyn Leandi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, the World Health Organization ranks chronic kidney disease (CKD) as one of the top 10 causes of mortality. In South Africa, where noncommunicable diseases have become leading causes of mortality, the true population prevalence of CKD is unknown and associated risk factors remain understudied. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of kidney dysfunction and associated risk factors in a community from the North West province of South Africa.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 1999 participants older than 30 years. Kidney dysfunction was defined as (i) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 ml/min/1.73m2, or (ii) urine albuminuria-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol, or a combination (i and ii). Risk factors included age, sex, urban/rural locality, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), C-reactive protein (CRP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), tobacco use, and HIV status.ResultsMean age of participants was 48 (42;56) years, and 655/1999 (33%) had eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73m2and/or uACR ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol. Compared to those with normal kidney function, participants with eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73m2and/or uACR ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol were older, female, had higher measures of adiposity, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, serum lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) (all p ≤ 0.024). In multiple regression analyses eGFR was associated with systolic BP (β = 0.11) and HIV infection (β = -0.09), and albuminuria was associated with elevated CRP (β = 0.12) and HIV infection (β = 0.11) (all p < 0.026). In both groups (individuals with and without kidney dysfunction respectively), eGFR was associated with age (β = -0.29, β = -0.49), male sex (β = 0.35, β = 0.28), BMI (β = -0.12, β = -0.09), low-density/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (β = -0.17, β = -0.09) and CRP (β = 0.10, β = 0.09) (all p < 0.005); and uACR was associated with female sex (β = 0.10, β = -0.14), urban locality (β = -0.11, β = -0.08), BMI (β = -0.11, β-0.11), and systolic BP (β = 0.27, β = 0.14) (all p < 0.017).ConclusionIn this study from the North West province, South Africa, eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73m2and/or uACR ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol was prevalent and associated with modifiable risk factors. The findings may inform screening strategies for kidney disease prevention, focusing on women, obesity, blood pressure control, dyslipidaemia, identifying and treating inflammation, and HIV diagnosis and treatment.
Remote follow-up after cataract surgery (CORE-RCT): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Claessens Janneau L. J. , Wanten Joukje C. , Bauer Noël J. C. , Nuijts Rudy M. M. A. , Findl Oliver , Huemer Josef , Imhof Saskia M. , Wisse Robert P. L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Cataract surgery has become one of the most performed surgical procedures worldwide. Postoperative management consists of routine clinical examinations to assess post-operative visual function and detect possible adverse events. Due to the low incidence of complications, the majority of clinic visits after cataract surgery are uneventful. Nonetheless, valuable time and hospital resources are consumed. We hypothesize that remote post-operative follow-up involving teleconsultations and self-assessments of visual function and health status, could be a valid alternative to face-to-face clinical examinations in selected patient groups. The practice of remote follow-up after cataract surgery has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity, safety and cost-effectiveness of remote cataract surgery follow-up, and to report on the patients’ experiences with remotely self-assessing visual function.

Methods
This study is a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Patients planned for cataract surgery on both eyes, without ocular comorbidities, are eligible for participation. Participants will be allocated (1:1) into one of the two study groups: ‘telemonitoring’ or ‘usual care’. Participants in the ‘telemonitoring’ group will perform in-home assessments after cataract surgery (remote web-based eye exams and digital questionnaires on their own devices). Participants in the ‘usual care’ group will have regular post-operative consultations, according to the study site’s regular practice. Outcome measures include accuracy of the web-based eye exam for assessing visual acuity and refraction, patient-reported outcome measures (visual function and quality of life), adverse events, and cost aspects.

Discussion
Investigating remote follow-up after cataract surgery fits the current trends of digitization of health care. We believe that remote self-care can be a promising avenue to comply with the increasing demands of cataract care. This randomized controlled trial provides scientific evidence on this unmet need and delivers the desired insights on (cost)effectiveness of remote follow-up after cataract surgery.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04809402. Date of registration: March 22, 2021.
The Malay version of the caregiver assessment of function and upset instrument (Malay-CAFU): a translation and validation study among informal stroke caregivers
Authors: Hamzah Nurfaten , Musa Kamarul Imran , Romli Muhammad Hibatullah , Chen Xin Wee , Rahim Mohd Zulkifli Abdul , Abdullah Jafri Malin , Suliman Mohd Azmi , Ibrahim Mohd Ismail , Ismail Tengku Alina Tengku , Nadal Iliatha Papachristou , Kamalakannan Suresh Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-stroke complications affect the informal caregivers equally as the stroke survivors, especially those who have a moderate to worst prognosis in functional capacity recovery. Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset (CAFU) is one of the common tools used in both research and clinical practice to measure the patient’s dependency level and the stroke caregivers' upset level.

Objective
This study aimed to translate and validate the CAFU instrument into the Malay language and test the validity and reliability of the CAFU among informal stroke caregivers in Malaysia.

Methods
A standard forward-backward translation method was employed to translate CAFU. Subsequently, 10 expert panels were included in the validation process, and thereafter reliability testing was conducted among 51 stroke caregivers. The validation of the instrument was determined by computing the content validity indices (CVIs), and we used the Cronbach’s alpha method to explore the internal consistency of the overall score and subscales scores of the Malay-CAFU. Finally, the explanatory factor analysis used principal component extraction and a varimax rotation to examine construct validity.

Results
All items of the Malay-CAFU had satisfactory item-level CVI (I-CVI), with values greater than 0.80, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.95. These results indicate that the Malay-CAFU had good relevancy. The internal consistency for the reliability test showed a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.95 for the overall score. The eigenvalues and scree plot supported a two-factor structural model of the instrument. From the explanatory factor analysis, the factor loadings ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 and 0.56 to 0.83, respectively.

Conclusion
The Malay-CAFU questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the dependence level of stroke survivors and the upset level of informal stroke caregivers in Malaysia.
LncRNA AK089514/miR-125b-5p/TRAF6 axis mediates macrophage polarization in allergic asthma
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , He Ling , Li Xueqin , Pei Weiya , Yang Hui , Zhong Min , Zhang Mengying , Lv Kun , Zhang Yingying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Micro RNA (miRNA) plays important roles in macrophage polarization. However, the manner in which miRNA regulate macrophage polarization in response to dermatophagoides farinae protein 1(Der f1)-induced asthma has not been defined. This study aims to explore the role of miRNAs in regulating macrophages in asthma.

Methods
The microRNAs which may regulate asthma were selectd by Microarrays. The function of miR-125b-5p in macrophage and Der f1-induced asthma were detected in vivo experiment. The long non coding RNA (lncRNA) AK089514/miR-125b-5p/TRAF6 axis was predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay.

Results
In this study, we found that miR-125b-5p is highly expressed in M2 macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells with Der f1-induced asthma. In response to the challenge of Der f1, miR-125b-5p KD attenuated allergic airway inflammation of mice by preventing M2 macrophages polarization. Mechanistic studies indicated that lncRNA AK089514 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-125b-5p, thereby leading to the depression of its endogenous target TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6).

Conclusions
miR-125b-5p is significantly over-expressed in asthma, and AK089514–miR-125b-5p–TRAF6 axis play critical role in asthma by modulating macrophage polarization. Our findings may provide a potential new target for potential therapeutic and diagnostic target in asthma.
The effectiveness of physeal bar resection with or without Hemi-Epiphysiodesis to treat partial growth arrest
Authors: Xiao Han , Li Miao , Zhu Guanghui , Tan Qian , Ye Weihua , Wu Jiangyan , Mei Haibo , Yan An 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the outcomes of distal femoral, proximal tibial, and distal tibial physeal bar resection combined with or without the Hemi-Epiphysiodesis procedure and provide a better understanding of the application of physeal bar resection combined with Hemi-Epiphysiodesis procedure in the treatment of physeal bar growth arrest.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the patients who suffered physeal bar and underwent physeal bar resection with or without the Hemi-Epiphysiodesis technique during 2010–2020. All were followed up for at least 2 years or to maturity. A modified mapping method was used to determine the area of a physeal bar by CT data. The aLDFA, aMPTA, aLDTA, MAD, and LLD were measured to assess the deformity of the lower limb.

Results
In total, 19 patients were included in this study. The average age was 8.9 years (range 4.4 to 13.3 years old). During the follow-up, 4 (21.1%) patients had an angular change < 5°; 12 (63.2%) patients had angular deformity improvement > 5° averaging 10.0° (range 5.3° to 23.2°), and 3 (15.8%) patients had improvement of the angular deformity averaging 16.8° (range 7.4° to 27.1°). Eleven patients (57.9%) had significant MAD improvement. After surgery, we found that 7 (36.8%) patients had an LLD change of < 5 mm and were considered unchanged. Only 2 (15%) patients had an LLD improvement > 5 mm averaging 1.0 cm (range 0.7 to 1.3 cm), and 7 (36.8%) patients had increasing of LLD > 5 mm averaging 1.3 cm (range 0.5 to 2.5 cm). There were no postoperative fractures, infections, or intraoperative complications such as neurovascular injury.

Conclusion
Physeal bar resection combined with Hemi-epiphysiodesis is helpful for partial epiphysis growth arrest. Without statistically verifying, we still believe that patients with limited growth ability could benefit more from physeal bar resection combined with Hemi-epiphysiodesis.
Female high school students' knowledge and attitude toward breast cancer
Authors: Mohebi Zahra , Heidari Sarvestani Maryam , Moradi Zahra , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Even though early detection and diagnosis of this disease can reduce mortality considerably, several studies have shown that more than 92% of women are unaware of the risk factors for breast cancer and of breast cancer screening tests. The simultaneous promotion of screening and provision of education can increase community health and reduce medical costs, and students can play a leading role in informing and educating people in society.AimThe present study aims to examine the level of knowledge and attitude of female students in senior high schools in Fasa regarding breast cancer screening.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the random sampling method was applied to survey 350 female high school students, only 311 of whom completed the study. Questionnaires were completed in girls' high schools, and the data was analyzed by SPSS Software, Version 25.ResultsThe results revealed that more than 87% of students were unaware or had incorrect information regarding breast cancer screening. The link between the type of breast cancer information sources and students' general knowledge was significant. Most students were aware of the risk of breast cancer, but they were uninformed of its symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies, and students with a family history of breast cancer had a higher score in terms of mammography knowledge than students with no family history of breast cancer, although this difference was not significant (mean ± standard deviation = 0.94 ± 0.90 vs. 0.67 ± 0.81,p = 0.19).ConclusionThe level of awareness and attitude of Fasa high school girls regarding breast cancer and screening methods is not acceptable. Therefore, it is recommended that educational programs be implemented to increase the awareness of students in schools, so that the number of screenings increases with the institutionalization of this information. Likewise, by transferring information through students to their families, the level of awareness in the whole society will hopefully increase as well.
Comparing the effects of self- care education by lecture and smartphone application on self-efficacy of patients with thalassemia
Authors: Kharaman-nia Fahimeh , Rezaei Habibolah , Roustaei Narges , Etemadfar Peyman , Hosseini Nazafarin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with the thalassemia have a basic requirement for self-efficacy regarding their treatment procedure. The present study aimed to compare the effect of self-care education via a smartphone application and lectures on the self-efficacy of patients with thalassemia.MethodsIn the present quasi-experimental study, 99 patients with thalassemia at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Yasuj, Iran, in 2019 who were eligible to enter the study, were selected. The block randomization was done with the block sizes of 3, 6, and 9, and participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: smartphone application (A), lecture intervention (B), and control (c). Smartphone application and lecture interventions were performed for intervention groups A and B, respectively, during 8 weeks. Scherer's self-efficacy measure was used to collect the data at baseline and eight weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS-version 25 software using Paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsNinety-nine patients with thalassemia with a mean (SD) age of 25 (6) and 58 females (58.59%) participated in the present study. The results indicated a significant difference in self-efficacy among 3 groups after intervention (P = 0.001). However, self-care education with smartphone application revealed a significant increase in the mean (SD) of self-efficacy of the patients with thalassemia 68.36(8.45) compared to the lecture method 62.55 (7.3) (P = 0.003) and control 62.09 (6.7) (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences among the self-efficacy scores of the patients in lecture intervention and control groups.ConclusionsThe results revealed that smartphone application was a suitable educational software to promote self-efficacy in patients with thalassemia. It is recommended to use smartphone application methods to improve the self-efficacy levels of patients with thalassemia.