bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing spatial variability of soil and drawing location-specific management zones for coastal saline soils in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nagaraj S. , Pandian P. Saravana , Mary P. Christy Nirmala , Geetha R. , Gurusamy A. 
Published: March 2023

The production of crops in saline and alkali-degraded areas is difficult due to the heterogeneous and spatial variation of soil fertility. First, their spatial variability was analyzed and maps of the spatial distribution were created using Geostatistical techniques. The fuzzy k-mean clustering analysis was then used to define Management zones in the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu. One hundred and fifty geo-referenced soil samples (30 cm depth) were taken and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (ECe) in the saturated paste extract (USSL method), organic carbon (OC) (Walkley-Black chromic acid wet oxidation method), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (Rapid titration method) and available phosphorus and extractable micronutrients (Multinutrients extraction method), revealing significant variation in soil characteristics throughout the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district. The most significant factors, which together accounted for four principal components and 69% of the overall variability, were pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), calcium Carbonate and available zinc. According to Geostatistical analysis, the Exponential (pH, OC (organic carbon), P, Fe, Mn and Zn) and Stable (ECe) was the best fit semivariogram ordinary kriging model with weak to moderate spatial dependence. Fuzzy k-mean clustering was also used to identify zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3. For every soil property, there was a significant difference between MZ1(zone 1), MZ2(zone 2) and MZ3(zone 3). These results also showed that cluster analysis gave farmers a chance to use location-specific nutrient management strategies by minimizing variability within the zone. The management zones can decrease agricultural inputs and environmental pollutants while increasing crop productivity.
Study of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the bioactive compound of Bacillus megaterium L2 strains isolated from the oral cavity of hospital workers and visitors at Dental Health Centre, Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Yazi Abdullah Jassim  , Al-Yassiry Zahraa A.N. , Awadh Eman Fadhel Abbas 
Published: March 2023

Because of the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, there is an urgent necessity to search for new antibiotics produced by Bacillus spp., which are characterized by their capability to produce secondary metabolites with high efficacy against numerous types of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 40 Bacillus isolates were isolated from the mouths of 150 volunteers from the Dental Health Center in Babylon and diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics and biochemical and physiological reaction tests with a colorimetric reagent card using the VITEK2 analyzer. The active compounds were extracted from Bacillus megaterium L2 and their antibacterial activity was tested against a group of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was estimated, whereas 16 isolates showed high effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria, with the zone of inhibition ranging from 8-22 mm and the MIC ranging from 0.25–6.25 mg/ml. The active compounds were extracted, purified, and detected by Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was studied using the MCF7 cell line. This showed that cytotoxicity effects on valid object count, nuclear morphology, and total nuclear intensity ranged from 17.245-441.24 and the cytotoxic effect on cell membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome C ranged from 49.04-601.79 Among the isolates, Bacillus megaterium L2(B9) was the best isolated strain of bacteria that was the most effective against anti-pathogenic bacterial strains- Gram positive (Staphylococcus pyogenes NCTC 8198 and St. aureus ATCC 29213) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa RW109, Escherichia coli O157, and Salmonella typhi Ty2) and was non-toxic to human cells (MCF7).
Pedagogical Use of 21st Century Skills in Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Bed Prasad 
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a survey study on university faculties in Nepal about the understanding and pedagogical use of 21st century skills. The purpose of the study on use of 21st century skills in pedagogy by teachers is to understand how these skills can be effectively integrated into teaching and learning practices. This research helps to identify the existing practices for incorporating 21st century skills into instruction and can inform for the betterment in the development of teacher training and professional development programs to ensure that teachers are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to effectively prepare students for success in the 21st century world. Both quantitative and qualitative information are used to investigate how Nepalese university teachers apply 21st century skills into their teaching to support students learning. The data were collected through online survey questionnaire among 309 participants followed by semi-structured interview with 14 participants. Based on the data analysis, it was found that higher education institution teachers in Nepal are using moderately using 21st century skills in pedagogical activities. Supporting with necessary digital tools and applications; institutional policy and guidelines; and continuous professional development programme can further enhance teachers 21st century skills use in pedagogical activities.
नयनराज पाण्डेको जियारामाथि नारीवादी चिन्तनः एक अध्ययन {Feminist Reflections on Nayanraj Pandey's Ziara: A Study}
Authors: न्यौपाने Nyaupane दीपा पोख्रेल Deepa Pokhrel 
Published: March 2023

नयनराज पाण्डेको कथा जियाराले मधेसका महिला हिंसाको पर्दाफास गरेको छ । यसले पितृसत्तात्मक प्रणालीबाट पीडित मधेसी महिलाहरूको दुर्दशाको उजागर गर्नु का साथै कपटी विरुद्ध साहसपूर्वक लड्ने महिलाहरूलाई पनि चित्रण गर्दछ तसर्थ यो अध्ययनले पितृसत्तात्मक समाजमा मधेसी महिलाले भोग्नुपरेका समस्याहरूको खोजी गर्दै “जियारा” कथामा विशेष ध्यानकेन्द्रित गरेको छ । यसले मधेसी समुदायमा महिलामाथि हुने उत्पीडन, दुर्व्यवहार र हिंसाका कारणहरूलाई चित्रण गर्छ । प्रस्तुत लेखले पितृसत्ता विरुद्ध प्रतिक्रिया दिन मधेसी महिलाहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने तरिकाहरूको विश्लेषण गर्दछ । यी उद्देश्यहरूलाई सम्बोधन गर्न, नारीवादी सिद्धान्त, मुख्यतया केट मिलेटले परिकल्पना गरेको कट्टरपन्थी नारीवादीको आलोचनात्मक अन्तर्दृष्टिलाई परीक्षण अन्तर्गत उक्त कथाको विश्लेषण गर्न सैद्धान्तिक मापदण्डहरूको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । पितृसत्तात्मक समाजले महिलामाथि दमन गर्न पनि पुरुषलाई स्वीकृति दिन्छ । केट मिलेटको सिद्धान्त अनु सार पुरुषहरूले पितृसत्ता सिर्जना गर्छन् र यसलाई कायम राख्छन् किनभने तिनीहरूसँग स्रोतहरू छन् । त्यस्तै, पितृसत्ताले महिलालाई दास बनाउन मद्दत गर्छ । तसर्थ, यौन शोषण र उत्पीडनको विरुद्ध लड्न महिलाहरूबाट पितृसत्तात्मक समाजले उनीहरूका लागि तोकेको अधीनस्थ स्थितिलाई अस्वीकार गर्न आवश्यक छ । यस अध्ययनको सान्दर्भिकता पाठकलाई जियारा सङ्ग्रह हेर्नको लागि फरक दृष्टिकोणमा योगदान दिनु हो किनभने यस कथानकमा पाण्डेले पुरुषको वर्चस्वलाई समर्थन गर्ने सामाजिक–सांस्कृतिक अभ्यासका कारण मधेसी महिलाले भोग्नुपरेको समस्यालाई प्रकाश पारेका छन् । ‘जियारा’ मा मुख्य महिला पात्रहरू पितृसत्तात्मक सामाजिक व्यवस्थाको सिकार भएका छन् ।
Laudable Relations
Authors: Kilby Patrick 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), being values-based organisations pose a particular set of issues for academic researchers when working with them. NGOs often engage with universities to provide academic credibility to evaluate the effectiveness of their fieldwork. At the same time, they are nervous about two things: that the evaluation will shatter their belief, they are doing good work, rather than the outcome will always be lauded by some, loathed by others. The second fear is that the NGO being held accountable to donors for activities which are long term and slow in showing sustainable change. This article will draw on the literature as well as my own experiences to explore these issues. My key finding is that the farther away (geographically) from the work an NGO is, the greater in the self-belief of their work. The closer to the local communities NGOs are, they tend to have a tempered view of their work. The article will conclude with some reflections on how a more fruitful dialogue can occur between the two.
Book Reviews
Authors: Burns Rob , Janes Jackson , Johnson Jason , Nyenhuis Robert , Wittstock Nicolas , Olsen Jonathan , Klikauer Thomas , Simms Norman , Silvia Stephen J. 
Published: March 2023

Anna von der Goltz, The Other ‘68ers: Student Protest and Christian Democracy in West Germany (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021).
Andrei S. Markovits, The Passport as Home: Comfort in Rootlessness (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2021).
Samuel Clowes Huneke, States of Liberation: Gay Men between Dictatorship and Democracy in Cold War Germany (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2022).
Steven Press, Blood and Diamonds: Germany's Imperial Ambitions in Africa (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021).
Larry Frohman, The Politics of Personal Information: Surveillance, Privacy, and Power in West Germany (New York: Berghahn Books, 2020).
Rebecca Pates and Julia Leser, The Wolves Are Coming Back: The Politics of Fear in Eastern Germany (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021).
Ulrich Herbert, Wer waren die Nationalsozialisten? (Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2021).
Sean Eedy, Four-Color Communism: Comic Books and Contested Power in the German Democratic Republic (New York: Berghahn Books, 2021).
Book Review Performing the Socialist State: Modern Chinese Theater and Film Culture by Xiaomei Chen (Columbia University Press, February 2023)
Authors: Kopceva Natal'ya 
Published: March 2023

The review reviewed the basic structure and ideas of Xiaomei Chen's book, Performing the Socialist State: Modern Chinese Theater and Film Culture. This title can be translated as "The Performances of the Socialist State: Contemporary Chinese Theater and Film Culture". This monograph deals with the aesthetics of pre-communist, communist and post-socialist China. The two-part book explores the creative work of Tian Han, Hong Shen, and Ouyang Yuqian, prominent figures in contemporary Chinese culture, and explores their legacy, which helped shape the theater culture of the 21st century. The main idea of the book is that despite the ideological restrictions, especially characteristic of Maoist China, the analyzed figures created works of genius in their aesthetics, constituting masterpieces of not only national but also world culture.
The book is recommended for culturologists, art critics, historians, and anyone who loves and appreciates modern Chinese culture.
Mathematical model of running-in of tribosystems under conditions of boundary lubrication. Part 1. Development of a mathematical model
Authors: Voitov A.V. 
Published: March 2023

The paper further developed the methodological approach in obtaining mathematical models that describe the running-in of tribosystems under boundary lubrication conditions.The structural and parametric identification of the tribosystem as an object of simulation of running-in under conditions of extreme lubrication was carried out. It has been established that the processes of running-in of tribosystems are described by a second-order differential equation and, unlike the known ones, take into account the limit of loss of stability (robustness reserve) of tribosystems. It is shown that the nature of tribosystems running-in conditions of extreme lubrication depends on the gain coefficients and time constants, which are included in the right-hand side of the differential equation. It is shown that the processes of running-in of tribosystems depend on the type of the magnitude of the input influence on the tribosystem, the first and second derivatives. The input influence is represented as a product of coefficients and a time constant К0·К2·Т3. This allows us to state that the processes of the tribosystem running-in will effectively take place when the input action (load and sliding speed), will change in time and have fluctuations with positive and negative acceleration of these values from the set (program) value. This requirement corresponds to the running-in program "at the border of seizing".The left part of the equation is the response of the tribosystem to the input signal. Tribosystem time constants Т2 and Т3 have the dimension of time and characterize the inertia of the processes occurring in the tribosystem during running-in. Increasing the time constants makes the process less sensitive to changes in the input signal, the warm-up process increases in time, and the tribosystem becomes insensitive to small changes in load and sliding speed. Conversely, the reduction of time constants makes the tribosystem sensitive to any external changes
Legal regulation of the activities of the reviewing police personnel commissions of the USSR in the 20-s of the XX century
Authors: Vasyliev S. V. 
Published: March 2023

The scientific study is devoted to the peculiarities of the activities of the reviewing police personnel commissions of the USSR in the 20s of the 20th century. The normative legal acts of the Ukrainian SSR, which established the grounds for the dismissal of police officers, were studied. The legislative and by-laws of the Ukrainian SSR, which regulated the procedure for the creation and operation of commissions for reviewing the personnel of the Ukrainian SSR police in the 20s of the XX century, have been studied. Archival materials reflecting the results of the activities of such commissions have also been studied. New archival documents, which were contained in the Central State Archive of higher authorities and administration, State Archives of Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk regions, have been introduced into scientific circulation.
It has been established that the procedure and grounds for dismissal from service in the Soviet police were regulated by the Rules of Service in the Police and Criminal Investigation of the USSR and the Standard Collective Agreement of Soviet Administrative Employees. The legal basis for the activity of commissions for reviewing the personnel of the police was the departmental by-laws of the Main Directorate of the Soviet Workers' and Peasants' Police of the NKVD of the USSR. The specifics of reviewing the personnel of the police in each province depended on the number of employees and the meticulousness of the local police leadership.
It has been found that the normative legal acts that regulated the procedure and conditions of activity of commissions for reviewing the personnel of the police established special, exclusive grounds for the dismissal and bringing to the legal responsibility of police officers.
It has been concluded that the activity of the commissions for reviewing the personnel of the police contradicted the legislative and by-laws in force at the time, which regulated the service and labour relations of the police officers.
Modern trends and conceptual approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of “national security”
Authors: Zahumenna Yu. O. 
Published: March 2023

In the context of existing scientific approaches, modern trends that dictate the semantic load of the concept of “national security” have been considered. The development trends of the national, first of all, legal debate surrounding the concept of “national security of Ukraine” have been demonstrated. Attention has been focused on the leading role of jurisprudence in the integration of scientific knowledge regarding national security issues. The novelty of the research consists in the formulation of a number of conclusions of both theoretical and practical nature, which should serve as a basis for determining through the prism of modern theoretical jurisprudence and national security science the phenomenon of national security on the example of modern Ukraine, improving its normative and organizational component.
Under national security, the protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state, legal and social values, and the way of life from a wide range of external and internal threats, different in nature, has been considered. More specific varieties of the legal definition of “security”, which correlate with it as “general” and “special” categories, are the concepts of “national security”, “state security”, “public security”, “personal security”, and derivatives from them, such as “military security”, “economic security”, “information security” and other types of security, are allocated in a separate type in numerous scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign specialists depending on the object of protection, the sphere of social relations, and the types of practical activities of various state bodies. The ways and prospects of improving the regulatory and legal provision of national security in modern conditions of Ukraine’s development have been determined. The issue of legal reform in the field of national security has gained further improvement, namely, that it provides planned, scientifically based, socially acceptable and justified changes: 1) in legislation that guarantees national security and protects national interests; 2) in the structure, organization and activity of state authorities and other entities responsible for ensuring national security, in the system of their functions and powers, as well as in the ways (forms, methods) of their implementation; 3) in the qualitative strengthening of the state of security of the entire array of social relations, centered around national security and covered by the object of the reform, from external and internal, real and potential threats. Therefore, the reform of national security appears in the unity of three components: normative and legal (regulatory), management (subject) and object (change in the sphere of social relations in the field of national security).
Freedom and obligatory performance of a contract in the civil law of Ukraine
Authors: Zhornokui Yu. M. 
Published: March 2023

An analysis of the legislation of Ukraine, as well as doctrinal approaches and judicial practice regarding the understanding of freedom and obligation to perform a contract in the civil law of Ukraine, has been carried out. It has been concluded that the legislation in many respects creates situation where the principle of freedom of contract is restricted. At the same time, neither legislation nor law-enforcement practice contain any reservations that would allow changing the relevant state of affairs in favor of the principles of dispositive regulation of private law relations.
It has been noted that the principle of freedom of contract within civil law relations does not have an absolute nature, which is confirmed by the provisions of civil legislation that ensure the procedure for conclusion, execution and responsibility for individual contractual structures regulated by the Civil Code of Ukraine (e.g., a public contract, an accession agreement, etc.), as well as relations connected with consumer protection.
Based on the conducted research, it has been proposed to single out two main models for restriction of contract freedom: 1) establishment of direct restrictions by the state, by indicating which specific conditions the parties are forbidden to agree on in the contract; 2) consolidation of general evaluation standards that the transaction and its terms must meet by the legislator or higher courts at the level of law or law enforcement practice.
Attention has been focused on the fact that the ability to realize interests under one’s own responsibility is the basis of the contract, and that contractual binding and responsibility are its inevitable consequences. Despite the fact that the legislation provides for the obligation to perform the contract (Article 629 of the Civil Code of Ukraine), it also provides for cases of contract parties’ release from the performance of their obligations (from the obligation of the contract).
The essence of the inheritance division agreement and its place in the system of civil law contracts
Authors: Kukhariev O. Ye. 
Published: March 2023

The article reveals the essence of the contract for division of inheritance through a set of its defining features: 1) it is concluded after the expiry of the period for acceptance of the inheritance, but before the heirs receive a certificate of inheritance; 2) the parties are the heirs who have accepted the inheritance in the manner and within the time limits specified by civil law; 3) it has a much smaller, auxiliary value compared to the role of a civil law contract, as it generates legal consequences in conjunction with other legal facts; 4) in the presence of a nasciturus, the contract may be concluded only after the birth of a child; 5) the division of the inheritance is carried out taking into account the preemptive right of individual heirs to receive inheritance property in kind.
An inheritance division agreement belongs to the group of agreements in the field of inheritance law, and its subject matter is inheritance as an object of civil rights. The legal document for inheritance is not the agreement on the division of inheritance, but the certificate of the right to inheritance, issued by a notary for the execution of this agreement.
Based on the legislative construction of Art. 1278 of the Civil Code of Ukraine it has been stated that the method of dividing the inheritance is the allocation of a share in kind, as a result of which the ideal share in the inheritance turns into a real one. The agreement on the division of the inheritance can be concluded by the heirs regardless of the type of inheritance, in particular, by will or by law.
The contract under study may contain a condition for changing the size of the inheritance shares. However, the heirs cannot change the size of their shares in the inheritance if the testator personally set them in the will. In the presence of a will, priority should be given to the will of the testator, which cannot be changed by the heirs. Otherwise, the principle of freedom of will be violated. It is no coincidence that Art. 1267 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which determines the change in the size of shares in the inheritance, is structurally placed in Chapter 86 “Inheritance by law”.