bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Donation and Transplantation Legislative and Policy Forum: Methods and Purpose
Authors: Weiss Matthew J. , Cantarovich Marcelo , Chaudhury Prosanto , Dieudé Mélanie , Hartell David P. , Martel Annie-Carole , Patriquin Chelsea , Shemie Sam D. , Simard Marie-Josée , Woolfsmith Jennifer , Delmonico Francis , Domínguez-Gil Beatriz 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Organ and tissue donation and transplantation (OTDT) legislation and policies vary around the world, and this variability contributes to discrepancies in system performance. This article describes the purpose and methodology of an international forum that was organized to create consensus recommendations related to key legal and policy attributes of an ideal OTDT system. The intent is to create guidance for legislators, regulators, and other system stakeholders who aim to create or reform OTDT legislation and policy.

Methods:
This Forum was initiated by Transplant Québec and cohosted by the Canadian Donation and Transplantation Program partnered with multiple national and international donation and transplantation organizations. Seven domains were identified by the scientific committee‚ and domain working groups identified specific topics for recommendations: Baseline Ethical Principles, Legal Foundations, Consent Model and Emerging Legal Issues, Donation System Architecture, Living Donation, Tissue Donation, and Research and Innovation Systems and Emerging Issues. Patient, family, and donor partners were integrated into every stage of the planning and execution of the Forum. Sixty-one participants from 13 countries contributed to recommendation generation. Topic identification and recommendation consensus was completed over a series of virtual meetings from March to September 2021. Consensus was achieved by applying the nominal group technique informed by literature reviews performed by participants. Recommendations were presented at a hybrid in-person and virtual forum in Montreal, Canada, in October 2021.

Output:
Ninety-four recommendations (9–33 per domain) and an ethical framework for evaluating new policies were developed during the Forum proceedings. The accompanying articles include the recommendations from each domain and justifications that link the consensus to existing literature and ethical or legal concepts.

Conclusions:
Although the recommendations could not account for the vast global diversity of populations, healthcare infrastructure, and resources available to OTDT systems, they were written to be as widely applicable as possible.
Paradoxes of (un)veiling and the extended self: the experiences of Arab-Muslim women in Kuwait
Authors: Almutawaa Doha Saleh , Nuttall Peter , Mamali Elizabeth , Al-Mutawa Fajer Saleh , AlJuma Doha Husain Makki 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop understanding of the extended self-theory by focusing on the influence of other people in identity constructions as experienced in collectivist Eastern contexts. It specifically addresses the impact of being treated as an extended self on Arab-Muslim women’s identity constructions.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a qualitative research approach consisting of 23 in-depth semi-structured interviews. Nonprobability, purposive sampling is followed as the study targets Kuwaiti women who identify as former hijab/veil wearers. Sample diversity is attained in terms of Kuwaiti women’s demographical characteristics, including their age range, marital status and social class.

Findings
The findings of this study reveal paradoxes of experiencing the collective extended self through familial pressure to (un)veil and the strategies used by women to reject engaging with the collective extended self, including contextualizing, substituting and sexualizing the veil.

Originality/value
Existing studies related to the notion of the extended self are primarily conducted in Western contexts, and as such, are oriented toward personal accountability related to identity constructions. To complement this perspective and address the call for research on the extended self in collectivist societies, this study highlights the importance of recognizing the role of other people in influencing identity constructions in Eastern contexts.
The “war on cops,” retaliatory violence, and the murder of George Floyd*
Authors: Sierra‐Arévalo Michael , Nix Justin , Mourtgos Scott M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe police murder of George Floyd sparked nationwide protests in the summer of 2020 and revived claims that public outcry over such high‐profile police killings perpetuated a violent “war on cops.” Using data collected by the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) on firearm assaults of U.S. police officers, we use Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) modeling to empirically assess if and how patterns of firearm assault on police officers in the United States were influenced by the police murder of George Floyd. Our analysis finds that the murder of George Floyd was associated with a 3‐week spike in firearm assaults on police, after which the trend in firearms assaults dropped to levels only slightly above that which were predicted by pre‐Floyd data. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and consider their relevance to the contemporary discussion of a “war on cops,” violence, and officer safety.
Association between the functional FCGR3AF158V and FCGR2AR131H polymorphisms and responsiveness to biologics in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Song Gwan Gyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between functional Fc gamma receptor 3A (FCGR3A) V158F and FCGR2A R131H polymorphisms and biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and Cochran databases for available articles. This study is a meta‐analysis of the association between the FCGR3A V158F and FCGR2A R131H polymorphisms and their responsiveness to biologics in RA patients.ResultsSeventeen studies involving RA patients with FCGR3A V158F (n = 1884) and FCGR2A R131H (n = 1118) polymorphisms were considered. This meta‐analysis showed that the FCGR3A V allele was associated with responsiveness to rituximab (odds ratio [OR] = 1.431, 95% CI = 1.081–1.894, P = 0.012), but not with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers, tocilizumab, or abatacept. A significant association was also found between the FCGR3A V158F polymorphism and responsiveness to biologics using the dominant‐recessive model. Additionally, the FCGR3A V158F polymorphism was associated with responsiveness to TNF blockers in the homozygous contrast model. Meta‐analysis revealed an association between the FCGR2A RR + RH genotype and responsiveness to biologics (OR = 1.385, 95% CI = 1.007–1.904, P = 0.045).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis demonstrates that FCGR3A V allele carriers show better responsiveness to rituximab, and FCGR2A R allele carriers may show a better response to biologics in RA treatment. Genotyping of these polymorphisms could be a useful tool to find associations with the responsiveness of personalized medicine to biologics.
Disclosure policies in all‐pay auctions with bid caps and stochastic entry: The impact of risk aversion
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Liu Shulin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate how risk aversion affects the organizer's disclosing the actual number of bidders in an all‐pay auction with an exogenous bid cap and stochastic entry. With an exogenous probability of participation, the organizer prefers fully concealing the number of participating bidders when bidders are risk neutral. However, this result does not hold with risk aversion. Specifically, whether the organizer prefers fully concealing or fully revealing information depends on the number of potential bidders, the probability of participation, and the size of bid caps. A special case of endogenous entry shows that the organizer's preference is similar to the risk‐neutral case.
Current approach to health care transition and integration into adult care for pediatric liver transplant recipients: A call for partnership
Authors: King Lindsay Yount , Kosmach‐Park Beverly , Parish Alice , Niedzwiecki Donna , Jackson Whitney Erika , Vittorio Jennifer Mary 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the increased risk of non‐adherence, allograft rejection, and mortality following transfer from pediatric to adult care in liver transplantation (LT), there is no standardized approach to health care transition (HCT). Two electronic national surveys were developed and distributed to members of the Society for Pediatric Liver Transplantation and all adult LT programs in the United States to examine current HCT practices. Responses were received from 40 pediatric and 79 adult centers. Pediatric centers were more likely to focus on HCT noting the presence of a transition/transfer policy (60.2% vs. 39.2%), transition clinic (51.6% vs. 16.5%), and the routine use of transition readiness assessment tools (54.8% vs. 10.2%). Perceived barriers to HCT were similar among pediatric and adult respondents and included patient willingness to transfer and participate in care, failure to show for appointments, and lack of sufficient time and staffing. These results highlight the need for an increased awareness of HCT at both pediatric and adult LT centers. The path to improvement requires a partnership between pediatric and adult providers. Recognizing the importance of a comprehensive HCT program initiated in pediatrics and continued throughout young adulthood with ongoing support by the adult team is essential.
An evaluation of 1654 premolars transplanted in the posterior region—A retrospective analysis of survival, success and complications
Authors: Barendregt Dick , Andreasen Jens Ove , Leunisse Manfred , Eggink Edwin , Linssen Marcel , Van der Weijden Fridus , Louropoulou Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the survival, success and possible complications of transplanted premolars in the posterior region subdivided by developmental stage and patient age.Materials and MethodsThis study included patients who underwent tooth transplantation between April 2004 and December 2021. A total of 1654 premolars were transplanted into 1243 patients. Tooth mobility, oral hygiene and periodontal parameters were clinically evaluated. Intraoral radiographs were used to evaluate pulpal and periodontal healing, and root formation. The cumulative survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsData were subdivided into three groups based on the stage of root development and patient age. The mean age at surgery was 14.5 years. The main indication for transplantation was agenesis, followed by trauma and other indications, such as impacted or malformed teeth. A total of 11 premolars were lost during the study period. The overall survival and success rates in the immature premolar group after an observation period of 10 years were 99.7% and 99.4%, respectively. High survival and success rates (95.7% and 95.5%, respectively) were also observed when fully developed premolars were transplanted into the posterior region of adolescents. In adults, the success rate after 10‐year follow‐up is 83.3%.ConclusionsTransplantation of premolars with developing and fully developed roots is a predictable treatment modality.
Climate‐driven spatial and temporal patterns in peatland pool biogeochemistry
Authors: Arsenault Julien , Talbot Julie , Brown Lee E. , Helbig Manuel , Holden Joseph , Hoyos‐Santillan Jorge , Jolin Émilie , Mackenzie Roy , Martinez‐Cruz Karla , Sepulveda‐Jauregui Armando , Lapierre Jean‐François 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeatland pools are freshwater bodies that are highly dynamic aquatic ecosystems because of their small size and their development in organic‐rich sediments. However, our ability to understand and predict their contribution to both local and global biogeochemical cycles under rapidly occurring environmental change is limited because the spatiotemporal drivers of their biogeochemical patterns and processes are poorly understood. We used (1) pool biogeochemical data from 20 peatlands in eastern Canada, the United Kingdom, and southern Patagonia and (2) multi‐year data from an undisturbed peatland of eastern Canada, to determine how climate and terrain features drive the production, delivering and processing of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in peatland pools. Across sites, climate (24%) and terrain (13%) explained distinct portions of the variation in pool biogeochemistry, with climate driving spatial differences in pool dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration and aromaticity. Within the multi‐year dataset, DOC, carbon dioxide (CO2), total N concentrations, and DOC aromaticity were highest in the shallowest pools and at the end of the growing seasons, and increased gradually from 2016 to 2021 in relation to a combination of increases in summer precipitation, mean air temperature for the previous fall, and number of extreme summer heat days. Given the contrasting effects of terrain and climate, broad‐scale terrain characteristics may offer a baseline for the prediction of small‐scale pool biogeochemistry, while broad‐scale climate gradients and relatively small year‐to‐year variations in local climate induce a noticeable response in pool biogeochemistry. These findings emphasize the reactivity of peatland pools to both local and global environmental change and highlight their potential to act as widely distributed climate sentinels within historically relatively stable peatland ecosystems.
Climate or diet? The importance of biotic interactions in determining species range size
Authors: Galiana Núria , Lurgi Miguel , Montoya José M. , Araújo Miguel B. , Galbraith Eric D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimSpecies geographical range sizes play a crucial role in determining species vulnerability to extinction. Although several mechanisms affect range sizes, the number of biotic interactions and species climatic tolerance are often thought to play discernible roles, defining two dimensions of the Hutchinsonian niche. Yet, the relative importance of the trophic and the climatic niche for determining species range sizes is largely unknown.LocationCentral and northern Europe.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedGall‐inducing sawflies and their parasitoids.MethodsWe use data documenting the spatial distributions and biotic interactions of 96 herbivore species, and their 125 parasitoids, across Europe and analyse the relationship between species range size and the climatic and trophic dimensions of the niche. We then compare the observed relationships with null expectations based on species occupancy to understand whether the relationships observed are an inevitable consequence of species range size or if they contain information about the importance of each dimension of the niche on species range size.ResultsWe find that both niche dimensions are positively correlated with species range size, with larger ranges being associated with wider climatic tolerances and larger numbers of interactions. However, diet breadth appears to more strongly limit species range size. Species with larger ranges have more interactions locally and they are also able to interact with a larger diversity of species across sites (i.e. higher β‐diversity), resulting in a larger number of interactions at continental scales.Main conclusionsWe show for the first time how different aspects of species diet niches are related to their range size. Our study offers new insight into the importance of biotic interactions in determining species spatial distributions, which is critical for improving understanding and predictions of species vulnerability to extinction under the current rates of global environmental change.
Learning headache triggers through experience: A laboratory study
Authors: Turner Dana P. , Houle Timothy T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how individuals may learn headache trigger beliefs through sequential symbolic pairings of trigger candidates and headache attacks.BackgroundLearning from experience may be a major source of information about headache triggers. Little is known about learning‐based influences on the establishment of trigger beliefs.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, observational study included N = 300 adults with headache who participated in a laboratory computer task. First, participants rated the chances (0%–100%) that encountering specific triggers would lead to experiencing a headache. Then, 30 sequential images with the presence or absence of a common headache trigger were presented alongside images representing the presence or absence of a headache attack. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative association strength rating (0 = no relationship to 10 = perfect relationship) between the trigger and headache using all previous trials.ResultsA total of N = 296 individuals completed 30 trials for each of three triggers, yielding 26,640 total trials for analysis. The median [25th, 75th] association strength ratings for each of the randomly presented headache triggers were 2.2 [0, 3] for the Color Green, 2.7 [0, 5] for Nuts, and 3.9 [0, 8] for Weather Changes. There was a strong association between the “true” cumulative association strength and corresponding ratings. A 1‐point increase on the phi scale (i.e., no relationship to perfect relationship) was associated with a 1.20 (95% CI: 0.81 to 1.49, p < 0.0001) point increase in association strength rating. A participant's prior belief about the potency of a trigger affected their perceived rating of the accumulating evidence, accounting for 17% of the total variation.ConclusionIn this laboratory task, individuals appeared to learn trigger–headache associations through repeated exposures to accumulating symbolic evidence. Prior beliefs about the triggers appeared to influence ratings of the strength of relationships between triggers and headache attacks.
Defective N‐glycosylation in tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells impairs IFN‐γ‐mediated effector function
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Min Hyungyu , Nah Jinwoo , Jeong Jinguk , Park Kyungsoo , Kim Wooseob , Lee Youngjin , Kim Jieun , An Jungeun , Seong Rho Hyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractT cell‐mediated antitumor immunity is modulated, in part, by N‐glycosylation. However, the interplay between N‐glycosylation and the loss of effector function in exhausted T cells has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we delineated the impact of N‐glycosylation on the exhaustion of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in a murine colon adenocarcinoma model, focusing on the IFN‐γ‐mediated immune response. We found that exhausted CD8+ T cells downregulated the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, which is indispensable for N‐glycan transfer. Concordant N‐glycosylation deficiency in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes leads to loss of antitumor immunity. Complementing the oligosaccharyltransferase complex restored IFN‐γ production and alleviated CD8+ T cell exhaustion, resulting in reduced tumor growth. Thus, aberrant glycosylation induced in the tumor microenvironment incapacitates effector CD8+ T cells. Our findings provide insights into CD8+ T cell exhaustion by incorporating N‐glycosylation to understand the characteristic loss of IFN‐γ, opening new opportunities to amend the glycosylation status in cancer immunotherapies.
Insight into immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for colorectal cancer from the perspective of circadian clocks
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Wang Zeqin , Hao Hankun , Wang Yaping , Hua Luchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumours and the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Circadian clocks are widespread in humans and temporally regulate physiologic functions to maintain homeostasis. Recent studies showed that circadian components were strong regulators of the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) and the immunogenicity of CRC cells. Therefore, insight into immunotherapy from the perspective of circadian clocks can be promising. Although immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, has been a milestone in cancer treatment, greater accuracy is still needed for selecting patients who will respond positively to immunotherapy with minimal side effects. In addition, there were few reviews focusing on the role of the circadian components in the TIME and the immunogenicity of CRC cells. Therefore, this review highlights the crosstalk between the TIME in CRC and the immunogenicity of CRC cells based on the circadian clocks. With the goal to achieve the possibility that patients with CRC can benefit most from the ICI treatment, we provide potential evidence and a novel idea for building a predictive framework combined with circadian factors, searching for enhancers of ICIs targeting circadian components and clinically implementing the timing of ICI treatment for patients with CRC.
Influenza vaccination in a boarding school population
Authors: Hall M S , Bryett K A 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThirty four boys aged nine to 14 years were randomly allocated to receive two doses of either a split virion influenza vaccine (MFV‐Ject, Institut Merieux) or a subunit influenza vaccine (Fluvirin, Evans). No difference could be found between the two vaccines in either serological response or reactogenicity. The administration of a second dose did not offer any advantages over a single dose regime. The serological response, however, was slightly lower than in adults. The study confirmed that influenza vaccination is a straightforward procedure which is justified in at risk children.
Carcinoma of the bronchus in young adults
Authors: Seddon D J , Partridge M R 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThirty patients with bronchial carcinoma, aged 45 or less, were identified as having attended this or other local chest clinics.In four cases the diagnosis was reached after four or more months of investigations. In two of these cases, pulmonary tuberculosis was incorrectly suspected to be responsible for the illness of the patient.Compared with the disease as it affects all age groups, there appeared to be no greater incidence of any particular presenting symptom. In the group of patients studied, there was an excess of small cell carcinoma compared with that expected.
Pulmonary function and drug regimens in asthmatics
Authors: Connolly C K , Prescott R J 
Published: April 2023

SummaryOverall function, persistent obstruction and control of potentially reversible wheeze were related to drug regimen in 624 patients attending review clinics. Pulmonary function before and after correction for the effects of age, duration of asthma and social factors was studied for each drug regimen. The performance of those on regular bronchidilators only, particularly non‐smokers, was disappointing, particularly with regard to control of potentially reversible wheeze. There was a group of patients who expressed dissatisfaction with their condition in whom no change in management was made despite objective evidence of poor control of potentially reversible wheeze. Subjective assessment of control bore little relationship to actual function in those patients on oral steroids. Nevertheless, throughout the clinics as a whole, subjects recorded pulmonary function which was on average 80 per cent of their potential.