bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patellofemoral Joint Loading during the Performance of the Wall Squat and Ball Squat with Heel-to-Wall-Distance Variations
Authors: ESCAMILLA RAFAEL F. , ZHENG NAIQUAN , MACLEOD TORAN D. , IMAMURA RODNEY , WILK KEVIN E. , WANG SHANGCHENG , YAMASHIRO KYLE , ESCAMILLA ISABELLA M. , FLEISIG GLENN S. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although bodyweight wall and ball squats are commonly used during patellofemoral rehabilitation, patellofemoral loading while performing these exercises is unknown, which makes it difficult for clinicians to know how to use these exercises in progressing a patient with patellofemoral pathology. Therefore, the purpose was to quantify patellofemoral force and stress between two bodyweight squat variations (ball squat vs wall squat) and between two heel-to-wall-distance (HTWD) variations (long HTWD vs short HTWD).

Methods
Sixteen participants performed a dynamic ball squat and wall squat with long HTWD and short HTWD. Ground reaction force and kinematic data were used to measure resultant knee force and torque from inverse dynamics, whereas electromyographic data were used in a knee muscle model to predict resultant knee force and torque, and subsequently, all these data were inputted into a biomechanical computer optimization model to output patellofemoral joint force and stress at select knee angles. A repeated-measures two- and three-way ANOVA (P < 0.01) was used for statistical analyses.

Results
Collapsed across long HTWD and short HTWD, patellofemoral joint force and stress were greater in ball squat than wall squat at 30° (P = 0.009), 40° (P = 0.008), 90° (P = 0.003), and 100° (P = 0.005) knee angles during the squat descent, and greater in wall squat than ball squat at 100° (P < 0.001), 90° (P < 0.001), 80° (P = 0.004), and 70° (P = 0.009) knee angles during squat ascent. Collapsed across ball and wall squats, patellofemoral joint force and stress were greater with a short HTWD than a long HTWD at 100° (P = 0.007) and 90° (P = 0.008) knee angles during squat ascent.

Conclusions
Patellofemoral joint loading changed according to both squat type and HTWD variations. These differences occurred in part due to differences in forces the wall or ball exerted on the trunk, including friction forces. Overall, patellofemoral force and stress were greater performing the bodyweight wall squat compared with the bodyweight ball squat. Moreover, squatting with short HTWD produced anterior knee displacement beyond the toes at higher knee angles, resulting in greater patellofemoral force and stress compared with squatting with long HTWD.
Geometric Analysis of Noisy Low-Rank Matrix Recovery in the Exact Parametrized and the Overparametrized Regimes
Authors: Ma Ziye , Bi Yingjie , Lavaei Javad , Sojoudi Somayeh 
Published: April 2023

The matrix sensing problem is an important low-rank optimization problem that has found a wide range of applications, such as matrix completion, phase synchornization/retrieval, robust principal component analysis (PCA), and power system state estimation. In this work, we focus on the general matrix sensing problem with linear measurements that are corrupted by random noise. We investigate the scenario where the search rank r is equal to the true rank [Formula: see text] of the unknown ground truth (the exact parametrized case), as well as the scenario where r is greater than [Formula: see text] (the overparametrized case). We quantify the role of the restricted isometry property (RIP) in shaping the landscape of the nonconvex factorized formulation and assisting with the success of local search algorithms. First, we develop a global guarantee on the maximum distance between an arbitrary local minimizer of the nonconvex problem and the ground truth under the assumption that the RIP constant is smaller than [Formula: see text]. We then present a local guarantee for problems with an arbitrary RIP constant, which states that any local minimizer is either considerably close to the ground truth or far away from it. More importantly, we prove that this noisy, overparametrized problem exhibits the strict saddle property, which leads to the global convergence of perturbed gradient descent algorithm in polynomial time. The results of this work provide a comprehensive understanding of the geometric landscape of the matrix sensing problem in the noisy and overparametrized regime. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and Army Research Office.
Biomass and carbon accumulation in Northern Bangladesh Eucalyptus plantations: Effects of stand structure and age
Authors: DEY TANMOY , ISLAM MD. AKRAMUL , JUBAIR S. M. RAKIBUL 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Dey T, Islam MDA, Jubair SMR. 2022. Biomass and carbon accumulation in Northern Bangladesh Eucalyptus plantations: Effects of stand structure and age. Asian J For 6: 126-132. Eucalyptus plantations are a significant carbon sink as a fast-growing species in Bangladesh, but little is known regarding biomass, carbon output, and dynamics with stand age. We, therefore, assessed the stand structure, biomass accumulation, carbon storage, and their changing patterns with age in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. plantations in the northern part of Bangladesh in early 2021. Biomass and carbon stocks were estimated using the allometric models specific for E. camaldulensis from the biophysical tree parameters (i.e., height and DBH). We used the data from 45 sample plots (100 sq. m each) covering different age classes such as 2, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, and 21 years. The aboveground, belowground, total biomass, and carbon significantly varied between stand ages (p<0.05). The highest aboveground, belowground, and total carbon stocks were observed at 21 years, and the lowest was found at two years. We observed a positive and strong relationship between total carbon and stand variables such as stand height, diameter at breast height, basal area, crown width, crown length, and bole height but a negative relationship with density. The mean annual increment of both biomass and carbon increased sharply up to seven years and then decreased. Despite having some ecological constraints, E. camaldulensis accumulate a large amount of carbon from the atmosphere, perhaps aiding climate change mitigation.
Photo-physiological responses and thermal tolerance of regionally endemic/rare and morphologically different corals of the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: MUNBODHE VIKASH , JEETUN SRUTI , RICOT MELANIE , JOGEE SHAKEEL , KAULLYSING DEEPEEKA , Bhagooli Ranjeet 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Munbodhe V, Jeetun S, Ricot M, Jogee S, Kaullysing D, Bhagooli R. 2023. Photo-physiological responses and thermal tolerance of regionally endemic/rare and morphologically different corals of the Western Indian Ocean. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 7: 100-107. Intensification in climatic variations is causing major alteration in ecosystem functionalities and an overall decline in reef biodiversity. Underlying the ongoing cumulative threats and the vulnerability to biodiversity loss in the reefs, this study aims to determine the photo-physiological response and the thermal tolerances of the morphologically different coral species namely, Porites lutea, Porites cylindrica, Acropora hyacinthus, Galaxea fascicularis, Seriatopora hystrix including the two regionally endemics of the Western Indian Ocean, Acropora branchi and Pocillopora indiania. Coral fragments from three colonies per species were collected from the south and southeast of Mauritius Island and treated at 27°C, 30°C and 32°C for 19 hours. Using a diving Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (D-PAM) fluorometer, the effective quantum yield at photosystem II (FPSII) was recorded from the coral fragments initially and following 3, 6 and 19 hours of treatment. This experiment determined the thermal threshold of the understudied A. branchi and P. indiania, and detected the unexpectedly enhanced thermal tolerance of S. hystrix and G. fascicularis. Overall, it provides a preliminary insight into potential thermal stress tolerance in some Mauritius corals and has shown that these corals might have strategized to enhance their thermo-resilience while others are still struggling to withstand such stresses. These findings on the thermal resilience of regionally endemic/rare and morphologically different coral species are essential for further reef conservation efforts and the selection of coral species for reef restoration.
Magnetically tunable ultralow threshold optical bistability by exciting LRSPR in InAs/graphene layers at the terahertz region
Authors: Avinash Kumar , Goswami Nabamita , Saha Ardhendu 
Published: April 2023

With the experimental corroboration employing a transfer matrix method, an analytical observation of optical bistability using long-range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) through the external magnetic field is presented for a very low threshold value. The proposed analytical method has been verified with the reported experimental data provided by Liu et al. [Curr. Appl. Phys. 29, 66 (2021)1567-173910.1016/j.cap.2021.06.003]. Now theoretical analysis is further extended in the proposed multilayered structure comprising an InAs layer sandwiched between two graphene layers, whose electromagnetic response at 2 THz can be regulated by employing a magnetic field and may tune the optical bistability without modifying the geometry or the characteristics of the structure. The observed threshold intensity for the switch-up is 6.6615×104W/cm2 at 0.001 T; thus, this analytical approach is able to achieve 2 orders lower threshold for magnetically tunable upswitching of the optical bistable process. This suggested magnetically adjustable optical bistable arrangement gives a possibility for the comprehension of optical logic gates, optic memory, opto-transistors, and switches at a low switching threshold due to extraordinary features of the composite layers due to local field amplification of the graphene layer.
Quantitative differentiation of minimal-fat angiomyolipomas from renal cell carcinomas using grating-based x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography: An ex vivo study
Authors: Birnbacher Lorenz , Braunagel Margarita , Willner Marian , Marschner Mathias , De Marco Fabio , Viermetz Manuel , Auweter Sigrid , Notohamiprodjo Susan , Hellbach Katharina , Notohamiprodjo Mike , Staehler Michael , Pfeiffer Daniela , Reiser Maximilian F. , Pfeiffer Franz , Herzen Julia 
Published: April 2023

Background
The differentiation of minimal-fat—or low-fat—angiomyolipomas from other renal lesions is clinically challenging in conventional computed tomography. In this work, we have assessed the potential of grating-based x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) for visualization and quantitative differentiation of minimal-fat angiomyolipomas (mfAMLs) and oncocytomas from renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) on ex vivo renal samples.

Materials and methods
Laboratory GBPC-CT was performed at 40 kVp on 28 ex vivo kidney specimens including five angiomyolipomas with three minimal-fat (mfAMLs) and two high-fat (hfAMLs) subtypes as well as three oncocytomas and 20 RCCs with eight clear cell (ccRCCs), seven papillary (pRCCs) and five chromophobe RCC (chrRCC) subtypes. Quantitative values of conventional Hounsfield units (HU) and phase-contrast Hounsfield units (HUp) were determined and histogram analysis was performed on GBPC-CT and grating-based attenuation-contrast computed tomography (GBAC-CT) slices for each specimen. For comparison, the same specimens were imaged at a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.

Results
We have successfully matched GBPC-CT images with clinical MRI and histology, as GBPC-CT presented with increased soft tissue contrast compared to absorption-based images. GBPC-CT images revealed a qualitative and quantitative difference between mfAML samples (58±4 HUp) and oncocytomas (44±10 HUp, p = 0.057) and RCCs (ccRCCs: 40±12 HUp, p = 0.012; pRCCs: 43±9 HUp, p = 0.017; chrRCCs: 40±7 HUp, p = 0.057) in contrast to corresponding laboratory attenuation-contrast CT and clinical MRI, although not all differences were statistically significant. Due to the heterogeneity and lower signal of oncocytomas, quantitative differentiation of the samples based on HUp or in combination with HUs was not possible.

Conclusions
GBPC-CT allows quantitative differentiation of minimal-fat angiomyolipomas from pRCCs and ccRCCs in contrast to absorption-based imaging and clinical MRI.
Community-based empowerment program to delay marriage: Results from the More Than Brides Alliance intervention in India, Malawi, Mali and Niger
Authors: Melnikas Andrea J. , Saul Grace , Chau Michelle , Pandey Neelanajana , Gueye Mouhamadou , Mkandawire James , Diarra Aissa , Amin Sajeda 
Published: April 2023

The More Than Brides Alliance (MTBA) implemented an intervention in India, Malawi, Mali and Niger from 2017 to 2020. The holistic community-based program included girls’ clubs focused on empowerment and sexual and reproductive health knowledge; work with parents and educators; community edutainment events; and local-, regional-, and national-level advocacy efforts related to child marriage. Using a cluster randomized trial design (India and Malawi), and a matched comparison design (Niger and Mali), we evaluated the effectiveness of the program on age at marriage among girls ages 12–19 in intervention communities. Repeat cross sectional surveys were collected at baseline (2016/7), midline after approximately 18 months of intervention (2018), and endline (2020). Impact was assessed using difference-in-difference (DID) analysis, adjusted for the cluster design. We find that the intervention was successful at reducing the proportion of girls ages 12–19 married in India (-0.126, p < .001). Findings in the other countries did not show impact of the intervention on delaying marriage. Our findings suggest that the MTBA program was optimized to succeed in India, in part because it was built on an evidence base that relies heavily on data from South Asia. The drivers of child marriage in India may be substantially different from those in Malawi, Mali, and Niger and require alternate intervention approaches. These findings have implications for those designing programs outside of South Asia and suggest that programs need to consider context-specific drivers and whether and how evidence-based programs operate in relation to those drivers.Trial registration:This work is part of an RCT registered August 4, 2016 in the AEA RCT registry identified as:AEAR CTR-0001463. See:https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/1463.
Access to HIV prevention, treatment, and care services during COVID-19 by men who have sex with men in Zimbabwe, An interpretive phenomenological analysis study
Authors: Moyo Idah , Mavhandu-Mudzusi Azwihangwisi Hellen , Lipeleke Freddy , Sibindi Musa 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundKey populations are disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but have less access to HIV prevention and treatment services. The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is reinforcing health inequities among vulnerable populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Therefore, this article presents the findings describing the experiences of MSM in accessing HIV services during COVID-19 in the second largest city of Zimbabwe.MethodsAn interpretative phenomenological analysis design was applied to gain some insights regarding the lived experiences of MSM in accessing HIV prevention, treatment, and care services during COVID-19 lockdowns era in Zimbabwe. Data were collected from 14 criterion purposively selected MSM using in-depth, one-on-one interviews. Data were analysed thematically guided by the interpretative phenomenological analysis framework for data analysis.ResultsThe findings demonstrated that during the COVID -19 lockdowns in Zimbabwe, MSM faced several barriers as they tried to access HIV services. Some of the barriers included the need for travel authorisation letters and treatment interruption. The study also found that COVID-19 and related restrictive measures had psychosocial and economic effects that encompassed loss of income, intimate partner violence and psychological effects.ConclusionsLimited access to healthcare services by MSM due to COVID-19 lockdown may negatively affect the viral suppression and fuel the spread of HIV, which may reverse the gains toward the control of HIV epidemic. To sustain the gains toward HIV epidemic control and to ensure continuity of treatment, particularly for members of key populations, it is critical that the health-care delivery system adjusts by taking service to the community through adopting a differentiated service delivery approach.
Case management interventions in chronic disease reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Geerlings Angelika D. , Janssen Daalen Jules M. , Ypinga Jan H. L. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Meinders Marjan J. , Munneke Marten , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. 
Published: April 2023

Background
There is no systematic insight into the effect of case management on common complications of chronic diseases, including depressive symptoms and symptoms of anxiety. This is a significant knowledge gap, given that people with a chronic disease such as Parkinson Disease or Alzheimer’s Disease have identified care coordination as one of their highest priorities. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the putative beneficial effects of case management would vary by crucial patient characteristics, such as their age, gender, or disease characteristics. Such insights would shift from “one size fits all” healthcare resource allocation to personalized medicine.

Objective
We systematically examined the effectiveness of case management interventions on two common complications associated PD and other chronic health conditions: Depressive symptoms and symptoms of anxiety.

Methods
We identified studies published until November 2022 from PubMed and Embase databases using predefined inclusion criteria. For each study, data were extracted independently by two researchers. First, descriptive and qualitative analyses of all included studies were performed, followed by random-effects meta-analyses to assess the impact of case management interventions on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Second, meta-regression was performed to analyze potential modifying effects of demographic characteristics, disease characteristics and case management components.

Results
23 randomized controlled trials and four non-randomized studies reported data on the effect of case management on symptoms of anxiety (8 studies) or depressive symptoms (26 studies). Across meta-analyses, we observed a statistically significant effect of case management on reducing symptoms of anxiety (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] = - 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.69, -0.32) and depressive symptoms (SMD = - 0.48; CI: -0.71, -0.25). We found large heterogeneity in effect estimates across studies, but this was not explained by patient population or intervention characteristics.

Conclusions
Among people with chronic health conditions, case management has beneficial effects on symptoms of depressive symptoms and symptoms of anxiety. Currently, research on case management interventions are rare. Future studies should assess the utility of case management for potentially preventative and common complications, focusing on the optimal content, frequency, and intensity of case management.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Cushman Mary , Callas Peter W. , Alexander Kristine S. , Wadley Virginia , Zakai Neil A. , Lidofsky Steven D. , Unverzagt Frederick W. , Judd Suzanne E. 
Published: April 2023

Background & aims
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent and may affect cognitive function. We studied associations of NAFLD with risk of cognitive impairment. Secondarily we evaluated liver biomarkers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), their ratio, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase).

Methods
In a prospective cohort study, the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke, among 30,239 black and white adults aged ≥45,495 cases of incident cognitive impairment were identified over 3.4 years follow up. Cognitive impairment was identified as new impairment in two of three cognitive tests administered every two years during follow up; word list learning and recall, and verbal fluency. 587 controls were selected from an age, race, sex-stratified sample of the cohort. The fatty liver index was used to define baseline NAFLD. Liver biomarkers were measured using baseline blood samples.

Results
NAFLD at baseline was associated with a 2.01-fold increased risk of incident cognitive impairment in a minimally adjusted model (95% CI 1.42, 2.85). The association was largest in those aged 45–65 (p interaction by age = 0.03), with the risk 2.95-fold increased (95% CI 1.05, 8.34) adjusting for cardiovascular, stroke and metabolic risk factors. Liver biomarkers were not associated with cognitive impairment, except AST/ALT >2, with an adjusted OR 1.86 (95% CI 0.81, 4.25) that did not differ by age.

Conclusions
A laboratory-based estimate of NAFLD was associated with development of cognitive impairment, particularly in mid-life, with a tripling in risk. Given its high prevalence, NAFLD may be a major reversible determinant of cognitive health.
Frequency of unnecessary prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies: A large retrospective analysis and implication to improvement of the control program
Authors: Singha Kritsada , Yamsri Supawadee , Chaibunruang Attawut , Srivorakun Hataichanok , Sanchaisuriya Kanokwan , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Fucharoen Supan 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency and etiology of unnecessary prenatal diagnosis for hemoglobinopathies during 12 years of services at a single university center in Thailand.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of prenatal diagnosis during 2009–2021. A total of 4,932 couples at risk and 4,946 fetal specimens, including fetal blood (5.6%), amniotic fluid (92.3%), and chorionic villus samples (2.2%) were analyzed. Identification of mutations causing hemoglobinopathies was carried out by PCR-based methods. Maternal contamination was monitored by analysis of the D1S80 VNTR locus.ResultsAmong 4,946 fetal specimens, 12 were excluded because of poor PCR amplification, maternal contamination, non-paternity, and inconsistency of the results of the fetuses and parents. Breakdown of 4,934 fetuses revealed 3,880 (78.6%) at risk for the three severe thalassemia diseases, including β-thalassemia major, Hb E-β-thalassemia, and homozygous α0-thalassemia, 58 (1.2%) at risk for other α-thalassemia diseases, 168 (3.4%) at risk for β+-thalassemia, 109 (2.2%) at risk for high Hb F determinants, 16 (0.3%) at risk for abnormal Hbs, and 294 (6.0%) with no risk of having severe hemoglobinopathies. The parents of 409 (8.3%) fetuses had inadequate data for fetal risk assessment. Overall, we encountered unnecessary prenatal diagnostic requests for 645 (13.1%) fetuses.ConclusionsThe frequency of unnecessary prenatal diagnosis was high. This could lead to unnecessary risk of complications associated with fetal specimen collection, psychological impacts to the pregnant women and their families, as well as laboratory expenses and workload.