bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive elastic‐net sliced inverse regression to identify risk factors affecting COVID‐19 disease fatality rate
Authors: Lashgari Sajedeh , Mohammadzadeh Mohsen , Ghaderi Foad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we proposed a plan based on Adaptive Elastic‐net Sliced Inverse Regression to identify risk factors for the coronavirus disease (Covid‐19) disease in the presence of collinearity between explanatory variables. Considering the penalty of elastic‐net and sliced inverse regression, this method leads to sufficient dimension reduction and the presentation of a more stable and accurate model for variable selection.We applied the proposed method to simulated data and a new real‐world Covid‐19 disease dataset. We observed that the proposed method reduced the experimental standard error of bootstrapping by 12\% and 13\% compared to the previous superior methods in this approach, respectively, for both datasets. According to the results, during the outbreak of the Covid disease and its re‐intensification, countries should quickly implement the following policies: declaring quarantine with minimal exceptions, making vaccines available by prioritizing specific groups, declaring a ban on gatherings, especially gatherings of more than 1000 people, closing schools at all levels, closing some works or declaring remote work, and holding information campaigns. Especially countries with more 0‐14‐year‐old population, higher life expectancy, lower human development index, and colder weather should make more serious decisions in their implementation because they are more at risk.
Diagnostik der Sepsis
Authors: Thomas-Rüddel Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSepsis occurs both community acquired and as a complication of hospital treatment. The symptoms are usually nonspecific and there is no diagnostic gold standard. The diagnostic
differentiation from other clinical pictures is difficult. Therefore, the (early) diagnosis of sepsis is still a major challenge for the clinician. Despite multiple biomarkers described in
the scientific literature sepsis is still primarily a clinical diagnosis. qSOFA can be a helpful screening tool.Finding and treating the focus of infection is a crucial part of sepsis therapy. Chest X-ray and sonography have limited sensitivity for this purpose. A CT-scan with contrast should be done
at least in all patients where the focus of infection is still unclear. An MRI is necessary if spondylodiscitis is suspected, a transesophageal echocardiography if endocarditis is a possible
focus. Biomarkers are helpful in guiding therapy but are not part of the initial diagnosis criteria. Blood cultures and microbiological samples from the suspected foci of infection should be
taken in all sepsis patients. An initial lactate measurement is also part of the diagnostic workup and necessary for the diagnosis of septic shock.
High-Grade Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma within the Cerebellopontine Angle: A Case Report
Authors: Anderson Cassidy , Sriram Aishwarya , Funari Abigail , Hsu Kevin , Yokoda Raquel , Pecorari Isabella , Flaquer Isabella , Akbar Nadeem , Colley Patrick , Basson Geoffrey , Moskowitz Howard S. , Agarwal Vijay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEctopic pituitary tumors are neoplasms with no connection to the pituitary gland and are commonly deposited in other areas of the anterior skull base. A 32-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of right-sided facial weakness, sensorineural hearing loss, diplopia, and severe headaches. Physical examination revealed a mid-dilated sluggishly reactive right pupil with slight limitation in all gazes, as well as right-sided orbicularis weakness, lagophthalmos, and decreased facial sensation. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head without contrast revealed a 3.7 × 1.8 × 2.6 cm mildly enhancing mass in the right internal acoustic meatus and along the petrous ridge. The case was brought before the institution's tumor board, where concern for higher grade pathology, such as hemangiopericytoma, was discussed. Per patient preference, surgical biopsy of the tumor was performed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade II neuroendocrine tumor, with cells staining positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD56, with a Ki-67 index of 8%. In addition to the ectopic location, this pituitary tumor was noted to be aggressive in nature based on its high Ki-67 index. Surgical excision and radiologic therapy of tumors involving the CPA are appropriate treatments in most cases.
Primary Aldosteronism Prevalence – An Unfolding
Story
Authors: Charoensri Suranut , Turcu Adina F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by dysregulated, renin-independent
aldosterone excess. Long perceived as rare, PA has emerged as one of the most
common causes of secondary hypertension. Failure to recognize and treat PA
results in cardiovascular and renal complications, through processes mediated by
both direct target tissue insults and indirectly, by hypertension. PA spans a
continuum of dysregulated aldosterone secretion, which is typically recognized
in late stages after treatment-resistant hypertension and cardiovascular
and/or renal complications develop. Determining the precise disease
burden remains challenging due to heterogeneity in testing, arbitrary
thresholds, and populations studied. This review summarizes the reports on PA
prevalence among the general population and in specific high-risk subgroups,
highlighting the impact of rigid versus permissive criteria on PA prevalence
perception.
Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Central Venous Catheter Dressing for Preventing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Benligül Ebru Melek , Bektaş Murat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective The study's objective was to use meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of a dressing impregnated with chlorhexidine in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in pediatric patients.
Methods The study was conducted and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. A comprehensive search of 18 databases was conducted up to 5 March 2020 to identify related studies. Following the evaluation of the methodological quality, 8 studies, 1,584 catheters in 1,556 patients were added to the meta-analysis. The odds ratio and Hedge's G effect size value were employed to analyze the data. Either a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model was used to compute the effect size value with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The heterogeneity of effect sizes was investigated using Cochrane Q statistics, I
2, and Tau2 tests. To test for publication bias, funnel plot, Orwin's safe n number, Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation, Egger test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill procedures were all utilized.
Results The catheter colonization risk was lowered by 50.7% by the chlorhexidine-impregnated (C-I) dressing (odds ratio [OR] = 0.493 [%95 CI: 0.360–0.675]; p < 0.001). The use of C-I dressing was associated with a trend toward a decrease in CRBSIs, while this association was not statistically significant (OR = 0.858 [%95 CI: 0.567–1.300]; p = 0.471).
Conclusion The use of C-I dressing can effectively reduce the risk of catheter colonization, and it is also a helpful tactic in lowering CRBSIs in pediatric patients with central venous catheters, according to the findings of this meta-analysis.
Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Unmet Needs and Review of the Literature
Authors: Marco-Rico Ana , Marco-Vera Pascual 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) require long-term anticoagulation due to the high-thrombotic recurrence risk. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) have been traditionally considered the standard of care in thrombotic APS. Nevertheless, the risk of recurrence persists with VKA. There are publications considering different intensities of anticoagulation with VKA; however, the standard-intensity anticoagulation (international normalized ratio between 2.0 and 3.0) is the most recommended. Furthermore, there is no consensus on the role of antiplatelet treatment in thrombotic APS. Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have emerged as an alternative to VKA for many indications. There are, however, discrepancies regarding the management with NOACs in thrombotic APS. In this review, we update the different clinical trials with NOACs in venous, arterial, and microvascular thrombosis and suggest how these patients should be managed in agreement with the expert panels. Although scarce data are published regarding the current role of NOACs in thrombotic APS, the clinical trials failed to demonstrate noninferiority of NOACs compared with VKA, especially in patients with triple antiphospholipid antibodies positivity and/or arterial thrombosis. Single or double antiphospholipid positivity should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. In addition, we focus on different areas of uncertainty that still remain in thrombotic APS and NOACs. To summarize, emerging clinical trials are needed to provide robust data on the management of thrombotic APS.
Development and Optimization of a Remote Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Bootcamp Using Telesimulation
Authors: Mille Felina , Romer Amy , Choudhury Tarif A. , Zurca Adrian D. , Peddy Stacie B. , Widmeier Keith , Hamburger Marjorie , Shankar Venkat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe developed a novel cardiac critical care bootcamp consisting of didactic, small group, and simulation sessions. The bootcamp was remote due to the COVID-19 pandemic and included telesimulation. We aimed to assess learners' reactions to the bootcamp and their perception of telesimulation. Paired anonymous surveys were administered before and after participation. Surveys assessed participants' comfort in independently managing cardiac critical care scenarios, perceptions of telesimulation, barriers to its effectiveness, and specific feedback on course components. Forty-three fellows from 10 institutions joined the bootcamp over 2 years. Thirty-eight pre- and 28 postcourse surveys were completed. The course was rated good or excellent by all respondents, and 27/28 rated the material as appropriate to their level of training. Based on feedback from 2020, the electrophysiology sessions were converted to a small group format in 2021; positive assessment of these sessions improved from 65 to 90–100%. The telesimulations were highly rated, with 83–94% of participants in 2020 and 90–100% in 2021 rating them as good or excellent. Participants' views on telesimulation improved following the course, with 78% (14/18) post- versus 50% preparticipation agreeing that telesimulation is an effective educational tool (p = 0.06) and 56% (10/18) post- versus 67% (12/18) pre-rating telesimulation as less effective than in person simulation (p = 0.04). Identified limitations of telesimulation were limited active participation, lack of realism, impaired flow of conversation, and audiovisual and technical concerns. Telesimulation is feasible in cardiac critical care education and was an acceptable alternative to in person simulation for course participants.
American cultural regions mapped through the lexical analysis of social media
Authors: Louf Thomas , Gonçalves Bruno , Ramasco José J. , Sánchez David , Grieve Jack 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCultural areas represent a useful concept that cross-fertilizes diverse fields in social sciences. Knowledge of how humans organize and relate their ideas and behavior within a society can help us to understand our actions and attitudes toward different issues. However, the selection of common traits that shape a cultural area is somewhat arbitrary. What is needed is a method that can leverage the massive amounts of data coming online, especially through social media, to identify cultural regions without ad-hoc assumptions, biases, or prejudices. This work takes a crucial step in this direction by introducing a method to infer cultural regions based on the automatic analysis of large datasets from microblogging posts. The approach presented here is based on the principle that cultural affiliation can be inferred from the topics that people discuss among themselves. Specifically, regional variations in written discourse are measured in American social media. From the frequency distributions of content words in geotagged tweets, the regional hotspots of words’ usage are found, and from there, principal components of regional variation are derived. Through a hierarchical clustering of the data in this lower-dimensional space, this method yields clear cultural areas and the topics of discussion that define them. It uncovers a manifest North–South separation, which is primarily influenced by the African American culture, and further contiguous (East–West) and non-contiguous divisions that provide a comprehensive picture of modern American cultural areas.
Observing strongly confined multiexcitons in bulk-like CsPbBr3 nanocrystals
Authors: Strandell Dallas P. , Kambhampati Patanjali 
Published: March 2023

We monitor the time-resolved photoluminescence (t-PL) from CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals with a time resolution of 3 ps, which is fast enough to resolve emission from potential multiexcitonic states. Being 15 nm in length and twice the Bohr length, these nanocrystals are either weakly confined or bulk-like. In contrast to this expectation of weak confinement, emission from multiexcitons is observed with binding energies consistent with strongly confined quantum dots. In addition to emission from biexcitons, emission from triexcitons is observed. The triexciton emission includes both S and P recombination channels. Excitation with different amounts of excess energy yields the same PL spectral dynamics, indicating that there are no hot carrier effects, and the electronic structure of the absorbing states is the same. The kinetics of the multiexciton populations are presented in two ways. The kinetics are first shown in a spectrally integrated form, showing faster t-PL at higher fluences independent of excitation excess energy. Both excess energies show the same saturation response. In the second way of presenting the kinetics, the multiexciton populations are decomposed and presented as transients and saturation curves. These decomposed spectra into exciton, biexciton, and triexciton populations enable further insight into their kinetics and fluence dependence.
Habitat use by the eastern pygmy-possum in a coastal woodland–heathland mosaic
Authors: Goldingay Ross L. 
Published: March 2023

Understanding patterns of habitat use is required to conserve species and to manage their habitats. I used detections of 156 individual eastern pygmy-possums (Cercartetus nanus) within artificial cavities to investigate habitat use across 18 ha of a woodland–heathland mosaic. Detection of breeding females was highest in autumn (March to May) and winter, during the flowering period of Banksia ericifolia. Detection was over two times higher in woodland compared with heathland. This pattern was not influenced by variation in flowering or hollow abundance, which were equivalent across the two habitats. Protection from the weather may drive this pattern. Adult males were detected most frequently in autumn, coinciding with the beginning of female reproduction. They were detected equally in woodland and heathland. Why detection was lower in winter and spring is unclear but may arise from female aggression, forcing males to use natural shelters away from lactating females. Subadults were detected most frequently in spring and summer, coinciding with independence and dispersal. Subadults preferred woodland, reflecting where they were reared. This study has provided new insights into the behavioural ecology of this species, but further studies are needed to better understand how foraging and breeding influence shelter site use.
Leaf morphology affects microplastic entrapment efficiency in freshwater macrophytes
Authors: Tan Joel W. Q. , Tong Ray J. , Tang Z. , Lee Colin Z. D. , Yong Clara L. X. , Todd Peter A. 
Published: March 2023

Context In contrast to marine environments, microplastic pollution in freshwater systems is understudied. Previous research suggests that freshwater macrophytes function as microplastic sinks, which, because they are at the base of food webs, has implications for higher trophic levels. Aim This study compares the ability of freshwater plants with different leaf morphologies to trap downwelling microplastics. Method Microplastics (800–1000 μm polyamide grains) were deposited onto three macrophyte species, namely, Cabomba caroliniana, Egeria densa, and Hygrophila polysperma. Microplastic mass retained was calculated as the percentage of microplastic mass captured by the plant and standardised microplastic retention was calculated as the absolute microplastic mass retained (g) divided by plant dry mass (g). Results The amount of trapped microplastics differed significantly among species, with the highest amount trapped by C. caroliniana (39.3%; 7.91 g g−1), followed by E. densa (28.8%; 5.30 g g−1) and H. polysperma (17.6%; 4.47 g g−1). Conclusion Significant differences in microplastic retention among species may be attributed to variation in leaf morphology. Implications These findings have potential applications in bioremediation and biomonitoring, where freshwater macrophytes could help with the tracking and mitigation of microplastics in the environment.
Functions of code-switching in online registers of Pakistani English
Authors: Shakir Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes online registers of Pakistani English to identify (socio)linguistic functions for code-switching to indigenous languages. Predominantly English texts containing code-switching instances to Urdu and other Pakistani languages were selected. A corpus of about 1.2 million words was used in this study. 1811 instances of code-switching were identified and divided into seven functions of code-switching: addressee specification, emphatic, free, lexical, message qualification, quotation, and tags. The findings show that tags or discourse level items (discourse particles, idiomatic expressions, religious expressions, honorifics) are the most common functions of code-switching. The use of multilingual resources exhibits how language in Pakistan is appropriated by online writers to convey local identities and fulfil specific communicative needs.
Acceptability Judgement Tasks in New Englishes research
Authors: Ugwuanyi Kingsley Oluchi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Acceptability Judgement Tasks have been utilized in many areas of linguistics for a long time, and they are particularly useful in New Englishes contexts in measuring which local forms of English are acceptable to users. In light of this, this chapter examines the acceptability of Nigerian English (NigE) features using Acceptability Judgement Tasks. This study’s overarching goal is to show how NigE speakers’ acceptability ratings of and acceptability discourse about features of NigE index their orientations towards this variety and its characteristic features. The discussion of this analysis shows that it is beneficial to analyze the data emerging from Acceptability Judgement Tasks in both quantitative and qualitative ways.
Metabolic demands of slacklining in less and more advanced slackliners
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Klaus Jan , Gajdošík Jan , Draper Nick 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWalking or balancing on a slackline has gained increasing popularity as a recreational and school sport, and has been found to be suitable for developing neuromuscular control. The metabolic requirements for neuromuscular control on slackline, however, have not been well described. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the metabolic demands of slacklining in less and more advanced slackliners. Nineteen slackliners performed several 4 min balance tasks: parallel and one‐leg stance on stable platform (2LS and 1LS), 1 leg stance on a slackline (1LSS), walking at a self‐selected speed and at a given speed of 15 m min−1 on a slackline (WSS and WGS). Expired gas samples were collected for all participants and activities using a portable metabolic system. During1 LS and 1LSS, there were 140% and 341% increases in oxygen uptake (V̇O2) with respect to V̇O2 rest, respectively. During slackline walking, V̇O2 increased by 460% and 444% at self‐selected and given speed, respectively. More advanced slackliners required mean metabolic demands 0.377 ± 0.065 and 0.289 ± 0.050 kJ·kg−1·min−1 (5.7 ± 0.95 and 3.9 ± 0.6 MET) for WGS and 1LSS, respectively, whilst less advanced slackliners, 0.471 ± 0.081 and 0.367 ± 0.086 kJ·kg−1·min−1 (6.4 ± 1.2 and 5.0 ± 1.1 MET) for WGS and 1LSS, respectively. Our data suggest that balancing tasks on slackline require V̇O2 corresponding to exercise intensities from light to moderate intensity. More advanced slackliners had a ∼25% reduced energy expenditure when compared with lower ability counterparts during simple balance tasks on the slackline.
Quantum communication through devices with indefinite input-output direction
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Yang Ming , Chiribella Giulio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Certain quantum devices, such as half-wave plates and quarter-wave plates in quantum optics, are bidirectional, meaning that the roles of their input and output ports can be exchanged. Bidirectional devices can be used in a forward mode and a backward mode, corresponding to two opposite choices of the input-output direction. They can also be used in a coherent superposition of the forward and backward modes, giving rise to new operations with indefinite input-output direction. In this work we explore the potential of input-output indefiniteness for the transfer of classical and quantum information through noisy channels. We first formulate a model of communication from a sender to a receiver via a noisy channel used in indefinite input-output direction. Then, we show that indefiniteness of the input-output direction yields advantages over standard communication protocols in which the given noisy channel is used in a fixed input-output direction. These advantages range from a general reduction of noise in bidirectional processes, to heralded noiseless transmission of quantum states, and, in some special cases, to a complete noise removal. The noise reduction due to input-output indefiniteness can be experimentally demonstrated with current photonic technologies, providing a way to investigate the operational consequences of exotic scenarios characterised by coherent quantum superpositions of forward-time and backward-time processes.
MXene/poly(ionic liquid) porous composite membranes for systematized solar-driven interfacial steam generation
Authors: Khorsand Kheirabad Atefeh , Chang Jian , Zhang Miao , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Herein, we established a synthetic route towards MXene/poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) composite porous membranes as a new platform of solar-thermal conversion materials. These membranes were made by a base-triggered ionic crosslinking process between a cationic PIL and a weak polyacid in solution in the presence of dispersed MXene nanosheets. A three-dimensionally interconnected porous architecture was formed with MXene nanosheets uniformly distributed within it. The unique characteristics of the as-produced composite membranes displays significant light-to-heat conversion and excellent performance for solar-driven water vapor generation. This facile synthetic strategy opens a new avenue for developing composite porous membranes as solar absorbers for the solar-driven water production from natural resources.