bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permissive and regulative norms in deontic logic
Authors: Olszewski Maya , Parent Xavier , Van der Torre Leendert 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article provides a systematic analysis of the well-known notions of weak and strong permission in input/output (I/O) logic. We extend the account of permission initially put forward by Makinson and Van der Torre to the whole family of I/O systems developed during the last two decades. The main contribution is a series of characterization results for strong permission, based on establishing the so-called non-repetition property. We also study an input/output logic not yet covered in the literature. It supports reasoning by cases—a natural feature of human reasoning. The output is not closed under logical entailment. At the same time, it avoids excess output using a consistency check—a technique familiar from non-monotonic logic. This makes it well suited for contrary-to-duty reasoning. The axiomatic characterization is in terms of a generalized OR rule. We discuss the implications of all this for our understanding of the notion of the coherence of a normative system. Topics for future research are identified.1
Minute-cadence observations of the LAMOST fields with the TMTS: II. Catalogues of short-period variable stars from the first 2-yr surveys
Authors: Lin Jie , Wang Xiaofeng , Mo Jun , Xi Gaobo , Filippenko Alexei V , Yan Shengyu , Brink Thomas G , Yang Yi , Wu Chengyuan , Németh Péter , Li Gaici , Guo Fangzhou , Guo Jincheng , Cai Yongzhi , Xiong Heran , Zheng WeiKang , Liu Qichun , Zhang Jicheng , Jiang Xiaojun , Chen Liyang , Xia Qiqi , Peng Haowei , Chen Zhihao , Li Wenxiong , Lin Weili , Xiang Danfeng , Ma Xiaoran , Liu Jialian 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Over the past few years, wide-field time-domain surveys such as Zwicky Transient Facility and Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment have led to discoveries of various types of interesting short-period stellar variables, such as ultracompact eclipsing binary white dwarfs (WDs), rapidly rotating magnetized WDs, transitional cataclysmic variables between hydrogen-rich and helium accretion, and blue large-amplitude pulsators (BLAPs), which greatly enrich our understandings of stellar physics under some extreme conditions. In this paper, we report the first-2-yr discoveries of short-period variables (i.e. P &lt; 2 h) by the Tsinghua University–Ma Huateng Telescopes for Survey (TMTS). TMTS is a multitube telescope system with a field of view up to 18 deg2, which started to monitor the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) sky areas since 2020 and generated uninterrupted minute-cadence light curves for about 10 million sources within 2 yr. Adopting the Lomb–Scargle periodogram with period-dependent thresholds for the maximum powers, we identify over 1100 sources that exhibit a variation period shorter than 2 h. Compiling the light curves with the Gaia magnitudes and colours, LAMOST spectral parameters, International Variable Star Index classifications, and archived observations from other prevailing time-domain survey missions, we identified 1076 as δ Scuti stars, which allows us to study their populations and physical properties in the short-period regime. The other 31 sources include BLAPs, subdwarf B variables, pulsating WDs, ultracompact/short-period eclipsing/ellipsoidal binaries, cataclysmic variables below the period gap, etc., which are highly interesting and worthy of follow-up investigations.
The biotic and abiotic drivers of timing of breeding and the consequences of breeding early in a changing world
Authors: Sutton Alex O , Freeman Nikole E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The decision of when to breed is an important determinant of individual fitness. However, despite a multitude of studies investigating the intraspecific relationship between timing of breeding and reproductive performance, less is known about why the strength of this relationship varies between species. Furthermore, environmental change has the potential to alter the relationship between lay date and fitness, but there is still a limited understanding of what mechanisms drive these differential responses to change environmental conditions. We propose that the potential effects of environmental change on the relationship between timing of breeding and fitness are dependent on 2 primary factors: (1) the potential constraints imposed by breeding early and (2) the drivers of higher fitness of early breeders. We first summarize multiple hypotheses proposed to explain why breeding early, either based on absolute date or relative to conspecifics, increases fitness. We then summarize the factors that may constrain when individuals initiate breeding, including limits on the ability to advance their lay date or extend the length of their breeding season under favorable conditions. Understanding constraints on the timing of breeding allows for the identification of obligate (single-brooded species that do not attempt to breed after a specific date) and facultative (predominantly multi-brooding species that have long breeding seasons) early breeding species that are likely differently affected by climate change. Finally, we propose a simple mathematical formula that incorporates the costs and benefits associated with early breeding to quantify how climate change could influence the benefits of early breeding and either mitigate or exacerbate the costs. Our cost-benefit approach provides a clear framework to predict how species may shift the timing of their breeding to maximize fitness in a changing world.
The Cost-Effectiveness of a Novel Online Social Therapy to Maintain Treatment Effects From First-Episode Psychosis Services: Results From the Horyzons Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Engel Lidia , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Cagliarini Daniela , D’Alfonso Simon , Faller Jan , Valentine Lee , Koval Peter , Bendall Sarah , O’Sullivan Shaunagh , Rice Simon , Miles Chris , Penn David L , Phillips Jess , Russon Penni , Lederman Reeva , Killackey Eoin , Lal Shalini , Maree Cotton Sue , Gonzalez-Blanch Cesar , Herrman Helen , McGorry Patrick D , Gleeson John F M , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Digital interventions have potential applications in promoting long-term recovery and improving outcomes in first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Horyzons, a novel online social therapy to support young people aged 16–27 years following discharge from FEP services, compared with treatment as usual (TAU) from a healthcare sector and a societal perspective.

Study design
A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), based on the change in social functioning, and a cost-utility analysis (CUA) using quality-adjusted life years were undertaken alongside a randomized controlled trial. Intervention costs were determined from study records; resources used by patients were collected from a resource-use questionnaire and administrative data. Mean costs and outcomes were compared at 18 months and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. Uncertainty analysis using bootstrapping and sensitivity analyses was conducted.

Study results
The sample included 170 participants: Horyzons intervention group (n = 86) and TAU (n = 84). Total costs were significantly lower in the Horyzons group compared with TAU from both the healthcare sector (–AU$4789.59; P &lt; .001) and the societal perspective (–AU$5131.14; P &lt; .001). In the CEA, Horyzons was dominant, meaning it was less costly and resulted in better social functioning. In the CUA, the Horyzons intervention resulted in fewer costs but also yielded fewer QALYs. However, group differences in outcomes were not statistically significant. When young people engaged more with the platform, costs were shown to decrease and outcomes improved.

Conclusions
The Horyzons intervention offers a cost-effective approach for improving social functioning in young people with FEP after discharge from early intervention services.
Mechanistic investigation of liver injury induced by BMS-932481, an experimental ɣ-secretase modulator
Authors: Zhuo Xiaoliang , Howell Brett A , Shen Hong , Woodhead Jeffrey L , Mosure Kathy , Zhang Yueping , Scialis Renato J , Iyer Ramaswamy , Sun Yongnian , Boy Kenneth M , Lentz Kimberley A , Denton R Rex , Soars Matthew G , Johnson Benjamin M , Humphreys W Griffith 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
BMS-932481 was designed to modulate ɣ-secretase activity to produce shorter and less amyloidogenic peptides, potentially averting liabilities associated with complete enzymatic inhibition. Although it demonstrated the intended pharmacology in the clinic, BMS-932481 unexpectedly caused drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in a multiple ascending dose study characterized by dose- and exposure-dependence, delayed onset manifestation, and a high incidence of hepatocellular damage. Retrospective studies investigating the disposition and probable mechanisms of toxicity of BMS-932481 are presented here. These included a mass balance study in bile-duct-cannulated rats and a metabolite profiling study in human hepatocytes, which together demonstrated oxidative metabolism followed by biliary elimination as the primary means of disposition. Additionally, minimal protein covalent binding in hepatocytes and lack of bioactivation products excluded reactive metabolite formation as a probable toxicological mechanism. However, BMS-932481 and 3 major oxidative metabolites were found to inhibit the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) in vitro. Considering human plasma concentrations, the IC50 values against these efflux transporters were clinically meaningful, particularly in the high dose cohort. Active uptake into human hepatocytes in vitro suggested the potential for hepatic levels of BMS-932481 to be elevated further above plasma concentrations, enhancing DILI risk. Conversely, measures of mitochondrial functional decline in hepatocytes treated with BMS-932481 were minimal or modest, suggesting limited contributions to DILI. Collectively, these findings suggested that repeat administration of BMS-932481 likely resulted in high hepatic concentrations of BMS-932481 and its metabolites, which disrupted bile acid transport via BSEP and MRP4, elevating serum biomarkers of liver injury.
Comparative Genomics of Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa Strains Isolated from Weedy Grasses and Cultivated Wild Rice
Authors: Ledman Kristi E. , Roman-Reyna Veronica , Curland Rebecca D. , Heiden Nathaniel , Jacobs Jonathan M. , Dill-Macky Ruth 
Published: June 2023

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of wheat ( Triticum aestivum), caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, is a disease of major concern in the Northern Great Plains. The host range for X. translucens pv. undulosa is relatively broad, including several small grains and perennial grasses. In Minnesota, X. translucens pv. undulosa was isolated from weedy grasses in and around wheat fields that exhibited BLS symptoms and from cultivated wild rice ( Zizania palustris) with symptomatic leaf tissue. Currently, no genomic resources are available for X. translucens pv. undulosa strains isolated from non-wheat hosts. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete genomes of five strains isolated from weedy grass hosts, foxtail barley ( Hordeum jubatum), green foxtail ( Setaria viridis), and wild oat ( Avena fatua), and from cultivated wild rice and wheat. These five genomes were compared with the publicly available genomes of seven X. translucens pv. undulosa strains originating from wheat and one genome of an X. translucens pv. secalis strain originating from rye ( Secale cereale). Global alignments of the genomes revealed little variation in genomic structures. Average nucleotide identity-based phylogeny and life identification numbers revealed that the strains share ≥99.25% identity. We noted differences in the presence of Type III secreted effectors, including transcription activator-like effectors. Despite differences between strains, we did not identify unique features distinguishing strains isolated from wheat and non-wheat hosts. This study contributes to the availability of genomic data for X. translucens pv. undulosa from non-wheat hosts, thus increasing our understanding of the diversity within the pathogen population.
Effect of Frailty on Hospital Outcomes Among Pediatric Cancer Patients in the United States
Authors: Conroy Abigail , Zhang Vicky , Kaito Max , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Roy Mukesh , Ahmed Md Ashfaq , Zhang Zhenwei , McGranaghan Peter , Appunni Sandeep , Saxena Anshul , Rubens Muni , Cristian Adrian 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Studies on frailty among pediatric patients with cancer are scarce. In this study, we sought to understand the effects of frailty on hospital outcomes in pediatric patients with cancer.

Methods:
This retrospective study used data collected and stored in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2005 and 2014. These were hospitalized patients and hence represented the sickest group of patients. Frailty was measured using the frailty definition diagnostic indicator by Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups.

Results:
Of 187,835 pediatric cancer hospitalizations included in this analysis, 11,497 (6.1%) were frail. The average hospitalization costs were $86,910 among frail and $40,358 for nonfrail patients. In propensity score matching analysis, the odds of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.71-2.52) and length of stay (odds ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 3.46-4.09) were significantly greater for frail patients. The findings of our study suggest that frailty is a crucial clinical factor to be considered when treating pediatric cancer patients in a hospital setting.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the need for further research on frailty-based risk stratification and individualized interventions that could improve outcomes in frail pediatric cancer patients. The adaptation and validation of a frailty-defining diagnostic tool in the pediatric population is a high priority in the field.
Implementing Standard Physical Therapy Guidelines With Patients Acutely After Single or Bilateral Lung Transplant: A Quality Improvement Project in the Hospital Setting
Authors: Connors Catherine , Betts Traci , Lawrence Shelby , Walag Homer B. , Buchl Julie , Kaza Vaidehi 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
A quality initiative assessed standardized physical therapy (SPT) with lung transplant (LT) recipients in the hospital setting. The objective was to improve physical function evidenced by 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST).

Methods:
Standardized physical therapy was implemented with patients who underwent LT after March 8, 2021. Data were collected from July 19, 2019 to July 23, 2020 as baseline measures. Six-minute walk distance and 30s-CST were measured after hospital discharge.

Results:
After data collection, statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and a 2-sample t test with P-value <.05. The baseline group (BG) consisted of 19 patients that participated in traditional physical therapy (PT). The BG mean 6MWD was 891 feet, and mean 30s-CST was 4 repetitions. The SPT group consisted of 25 patients. The SPT group demonstrated a mean 6MWD of 1054 feet with a P-value of 0.0299 and mean 30s-CST of 7 repetitions with a P-value of 0.078.

Conclusions:
All functional outcome measures improved, with the 6MWD demonstrating statistical significance. Hospitalized LT recipients may demonstrate improved physical function with SPT; however, limited conclusions can be made.
Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach to Total Pelvic Exenteration
Authors: Beppu Naohito , Song Jihyung , Takenaka Yuuya , Kimura Kei , Kataoka Kozo , Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Ikeda Masataka 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Total pelvic exenteration, a surgical procedure for patients with highly advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer, is technically demanding.

IMPACT OF INNOVATION:
We report the utility of a transanal minimally invasive surgical approach to total pelvic exenteration.

TECHNOLOGY‚ MATERIALS‚ AND METHODS:
A 2-team approach with a laparoscopic transabdominal approach and transanal minimally invasive surgery was adopted. During the transabdominal approach in the pelvis, dissection was performed to remove the pelvic organs and visceral branches of the internal iliac vessels. The dissection goal via the transabdominal approach is the levator ani. During the transperineal approach, dissection is performed along the levator ani, and the tendinous arch of the levator ani is penetrated at the lateral side to achieve rendezvous between the 2 approaches. The levator ani is then dissected circumferentially, with identification of the internal pudendal vessels passing through the levator ani at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock positions, known as Alcock’s canal. The anterior wall of Alcock’s canal is formed by the coccygeus muscle and sacrospinous ligament, which are dissected by the transperineal approach to open Alcock’s canal, thus obtaining a clear view of the internal pudendal vessels. On the anterior side, the urethra is divided with a laparoscopic linear stapler via the transperineal approach.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS:
Eight patients with rectal cancer underwent this procedure. The median (range) blood loss was 200 (120–1520) mL and operating time was 467 (321–833) minutes. Reoperation was performed in 1 internal hernia case; however, there were no mortalities, and there were no cases with severe complications or conversion to open surgery.

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
When performing total pelvic exenteration, transanal minimally invasive surgery offers direct visualization behind the tumor from the anal side and shows the deep pelvic structures, including the retroperitoneal space of the pelvic sidewall.
Serum uric acid to creatinine ratio and risk of preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Piani Federica , Agnoletti Davide , Baracchi Alessandro , Scarduelli Sara , Verde Carmine , Tossetta Giovanni , Montaguti Elisa , Simonazzi Giuliana , Degli Esposti Daniela , Borghi Claudio 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Preeclampsia is one of the most severe diseases among the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is of crucial importance to early identify women at a high risk for preeclampsia to implement appropriate preventive strategies. In our study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that serum uric acid to creatinine ratio (SUA/sCr) is related to the development of preeclampsia and maternal and neonatal complications.

Methods:
We searched for uric acid and creatine values in the medical records of 269 women who consecutively attended our HDP Clinic from December 2018 to December 2022. We compared the baseline characteristics of participants with normotensive pregnancy (n = 57), to those with HDP without preeclampsia (HDP-non-PE) (n = 100) and those with preeclampsia (n = 112), and we performed adjusted logistic regression analysis to test the associations between SUA/sCr and the development of preeclampsia and maternal and neonatal complications.

Results:
SUA/sCr was consistently higher in women with preeclampsia in all trimesters of pregnancy. Higher SUA/sCr at the third trimester was associated with an increased odd of developing preeclampsia [odds ratio (OR) 1.29, confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.50, P = 0.001], preterm birth (OR 1.23, CI 1.05–1.45, P = 0.011), and composite neonatal outcome (OR 1.33, CI 1.12–1.59, P = 0.001), after adjustment for age, BMI before pregnancy, nulliparity, antihypertensive therapy, and acetylsalicylic acid therapy during pregnancy.

Conclusions:
Having higher SUA/sCr during pregnancy is associated with the development of PE and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Controlled prospective studies are warranted to clarify the predictive power of this novel marker during pregnancy.
Proliferative verrucous/multifocal leukoplakia: Updates and literature review “case report”
Authors: Alsoghier Abdullah , AlBagieh Hamad , AlSahman Lujain , Alshagroud Rana , AlSahman Roba 
Published: June 2023

Rationale:
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a multifocal, slowly evolving lesion that resists all types of treatment and has a high propensity for malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Lack of awareness and acquaintance with white lesions of the oral cavity makes it difficult to diagnose. Besides being rare, PVL significantly aggressive, so clinicians need to be aware of it carefully. Therefore, it is recommended to have the earliest possible diagnosis and total excision of this lesion. We report this case to present typical clinical and histologic features of PVL so a For the purpose of sensitizing clinician.

Patient concern:
A 61-year-old female came to the clinic concerning of recurring painless, white patch on the tongue 2 months ago, associated with oropharyngeal dryness.

Diagnoses:
This case satisfies these major and minor criteria to diagnosed PVL.

Intervention:
An excisional biopsy of the lesion was done to check for the presence of dysplasia, as lesions were persisting. Hemostasis was achieved with single interrupted sutures.

Outcome:
no recurrence has been observed since excisional 1 year follow-up.

Lesson:
The key feature is early detection, precisely in cases of PVL it is critical for better treatment outcomes, lifesaving, quality-of-life enhancement. To detect and treat any potential pathologies, clinicians should meticulously examine the oral cavity and patients have to be aware and informed of the importance of regular screenings. This lesion is resistant to the presently available treatment modalities; therefore, total excision with free surgical margins is critical combined with a lifelong follow-up.