bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel shell‐based hierarchical multiscale model for studying three‐dimensional four‐directional braided composite shafts
Authors: Wang Ya , Li Zhi‐Jian , Liu Zheng‐Guo , Yi Yun‐Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of three‐dimensional (3D) braided composites are related to damage evolution. However, the multi‐scale damage mechanism of 3D braided composite shafts remains unclear. The main purpose of this article is to propose a shell‐based multiscale finite element model for effectively predicting the compressive and torsional properties of 3D four‐directional (3D4d) braided composite shafts. Considering the relation between equivalent ply angles and yarn structures, the multiscale model was developed based on a universal tubular unit cell. The equivalent ply angle was derived through the yarns' local braiding and horizontal orientation angles, and the elastic properties of each equivalent ply were derived through the stiffness averaging method. Both derivations were achieved by creatively utilizing deformation gradient theory and Nanson's formula from continuum mechanics. LaRC04 failure criteria and energy‐based damage evolution law were implemented to characterize the equivalent UD‐ply's damage behaviors. The proposed model was validated experimentally, and good agreements were observed between the failure morphologies and load–displacement curves of FEA and experimental results. The results show that the fiber tension and compression damages are the major failure modes of 3D4d braided composite shafts under compressive and torque loads, respectively. Finally, a parametric study was carried out and compared with that from other literature to clarify the meaning of this article in relevant studies. It provides an efficient and useful tool for the design and manufacturing of 3D4d braided composite shafts with desirable mechanical properties.Highlights
A shell‐based hierarchical multiscale model is developed for 3D braided composite shafts.
An analyzing method is developed to investigate the tubular yarn structures.
A large‐scale torsional experimental scheme is developed.
The utility of gene sequencing in identifying an underlying genetic disorder in prenatally suspected lower urinary tract obstruction
Authors: Brar Bobby K. , Blakemore Karin , Hertenstein Christine , Miller Jena L. , Miller Kristen A. , Shamseldin Hanan , Maddirevula Sateesh , Hays Thomas , Lianoglou Billie , Dukhovny Stephanie , Baker Linda A. , Sparks Teresa N. , Wapner Ronald , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Norton Mary E. , Jelin Angie C. ,   Fetal Sequencing Consortium
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveFetal megacystis generally presents as suspected lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO), which is associated with severe perinatal morbidity. Genetic etiologies underlying LUTO or a LUTO—like initial presentation are poorly understood. Our objectives are to describe single gene etiologies in fetuses initially ascertained to have suspected LUTO and to elucidate genotype‐phenotype correlations.MethodsA retrospective case series of suspected fetal LUTO positive for a molecular diagnosis was collected from five centers in the Fetal Sequencing Consortium. Demographics, sonograms, genetic testing including variant classification, and delivery outcomes were abstracted.ResultsSeven cases of initially prenatally suspected LUTO‐positive for a molecular diagnosis were identified. In no case was the final diagnosis established as urethral obstruction that is, LUTO. All variants were classified as likely pathogenic or pathogenic. Smooth muscle deficiencies involving the bladder wall and interfering with bladder emptying were identified in five cases: MYOCD (2), ACTG2 (2), and MYH11 (1). Other genitourinary and/or non‐genitourinary malformations were seen in two cases involving KMT2D (1) and BBS10 (1).ConclusionOur series illustrates the value of molecular diagnostics in the workup of fetuses who present with prenatally suspected LUTO but who may have a non‐LUTO explanation for their prenatal ultrasound findings.
Non‐invasive assessment of cultivar and sex of Cannabis sativa L. by means of hyperspectral measurement
Authors: Matros Andrea , Menz Patrick , Gill Alison R. , Santoscoy Armando , Dawson Tim , Seiffert Udo , Burton Rachel A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCannabis sativa L. is a versatile crop attracting increasing attention for food, fiber, and medical uses. As a dioecious species, males and females are visually indistinguishable during early growth. For seed or cannabinoid production, a higher number of female plants is economically advantageous. Currently, sex determination is labor‐intensive and costly. Instead, we used rapid and non‐destructive hyperspectral measurement, an emerging means of assessing plant physiological status, to reliably differentiate males and females. One industrial hemp (low tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) cultivar was pre‐grown in trays before transfer to the field in control soil. Reflectance spectra were acquired from leaves during flowering and machine learning algorithms applied allowed sex classification, which was best using a radial basis function (RBF) network. Eight industrial hemp (low THC) cultivars were field grown on fertilized and control soil. Reflectance spectra were acquired from leaves at early development when the plants of all cultivars had developed between four and six leaf pairs and in three cases only flower buds were visible (start of flowering). Machine learning algorithms were applied, allowing sex classification, differentiation of cultivars and fertilizer regime, again with best results for RBF networks. Differentiating nutrient status and varietal identity is feasible with high prediction accuracy. Sex classification was error‐free at flowering but less accurate (between 60% and 87%) when using spectra from leaves at early growth stages. This was influenced by both cultivar and soil conditions, reflecting developmental differences between cultivars related to nutritional status. Hyperspectral measurement combined with machine learning algorithms is valuable for non‐invasive assessment of C. sativa cultivar and sex. This approach can potentially improve regulatory security and productivity of cannabis farming.
A comprehensive review on poly(vinylidene fluoride) from a theoretical and multimodal applications perspective
Authors: Sk Asadullah , Adhikary Prakriti , Rahman Wahida , Haldar Prabir Kr. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the fast paced development of electronic devices in the past few decades, self powered, biocompatible, flexible small but easy to fabricate devices are becoming more and more desirable. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its co‐polymers are being used to make such devices because those devices have those characters. In this study we presented brief history regarding piezoelectricity in general and piezoelectricity in PVDF and its copolymers in particular. We have discussed the theoretical understanding about the piezoelectric properties in these piezoelectric materials and the unsolved open questions. We have presented many different applications of PVDF and its copolymers. Here, we tried to cover all the dimensions of study around PVDF and its copolymers. The intention here is to help anyone who wants to work on this field with an overall brief map of this field.Highlights
This is a comprehensive review on the topic.
Historical development of this field of research is discussed.
Theoretical developments and the unsolved open questions are also included.
Some of the important applications of piezoelectric polymers like P(VDF‐HFP) are discussed.
Future direction of research in this field is also indicated.
Low‐flammability epoxy resins with short solidification time and good mechanical properties
Authors: Ma Menghua , Zhao Liangbing , Wang Guangrui , Song Cheng , Chen Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel fire‐resistant epoxy resin (EP) material has been prepared using EP, 9, 10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), maleic anhydride, and 2‐aminobenzothiazole. Maleithiazolephosphaphenanthrene (MSD) was synthesized and its chemical structure was characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fire‐resistant additive MSD was introduced into EP. The flammability and mechanical properties of the modified EP materials were then investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 vertical burning, cone calorimeter (CC), tensile, three‐point bending, and izod unnotched impact tests. EP blend containing 4%MSD displayed a UL‐94 V‐0 rating and an LOI value of 32.2%. Heat release and smoke release determined using cone calorimeter for the sample containing 4% MSD were lower than the sample of EP alone. Further, introduction of 4% MSD to EP material improved its izod impact, tensile strength, and flexural strength by 13.3%, 13.9%, and 21.6%, respectively. Inferences for the mode of fire‐resistant action were available from MSD, XPS, SEM, Raman, and Py‐GC/MS. MSD has a positive effect on fire resistance in both the condensed phase and gas phase.Highlights
A novel flame‐retardant (MSD) was synthesized.
MSD endowed EP with excellent fire safety and improved mechanical properties.
MSD shortened solidification time of EP during preparation.
MSD plays a flame‐retardant role in both condensed and gaseous phases.
Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: A mediation study with university students in the pandemic context
Authors: Brites Rute , Brandão Tânia , Hipólito João , Ros Antónia , Nunes Odete 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people's lives due to the fear of getting infected and having the disease, as well as the necessary prevention and containment measures. University students were one of the most affected groups, as they were forced to cope with significant life changes. However, not all displayed symptoms of psychological distress, which means that internal resources such as emotional regulation and resilience may have acted as protective variables. This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent to which the relationship between emotion regulation and stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience in a sample of university students. Results showed that emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with lower mental health. Some resilience dimensions mediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐self mediating all associations. Planned future mediated the association between emotion regulation and depression, family cohesion mediated the relation between emotion regulation and stress, and social resources mediated the association of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSD by suppressing the direct positive relationship. These results highlight the relevance of resilience as a key resource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, and changes that arise during stressful periods such as a pandemic.
Exome‐based new allele‐specific PCR markers and transferability for sodicity tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Bhoite Roopali , Smith Rosemary , Bansal Urmil , Dowla Mirza , Bariana Harbans , Sharma Darshan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTargeted exome‐based genotype by sequencing (t‐GBS), a sequencing technology that tags SNPs and haplotypes in gene‐rich regions was used in previous genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for sodicity tolerance in bread wheat. Thirty‐nine novel SNPs including 18 haplotypes for yield and yield‐components were identified. The present study aimed at developing SNP‐derived markers by precisely locating new SNPs on ~180 bp allelic sequence of t‐GBS, marker validation, and SNP functional characterization based on its exonic location. We identified unknown locations of significant SNPs/haplotypes by aligning allelic sequences on to IWGSC RefSeqv1.0 on respective chromosomes. Eighteen out of the target 39 SNP locations fulfilled the criteria for producing PCR markers, among which only eight produced polymorphic signals. These eight markers associated with yield, plants m−2, heads m−2, and harvest index, including a pleiotropic marker for yield, harvest index, and grains/head were validated for its amplification efficiency and phenotypic effects in focused identification germplasm strategy (FIGS) wheat set and a doubled haploid (DH) population (Scepter/IG107116). The phenotypic variation explained by these markers are in the range of 4.1–37.6 in the FIGS population. High throughput PCR‐based genotyping using new markers and association with phenotypes in FIGS wheat set and DH population validated the effect of functional SNP on closely associated genes—calcineurin B‐like‐ and dirigent protein, basic helix–loop–helix (BHLH‐), plant homeodomain (PHD‐) and helix–turn–helix myeloblastosis (HTH myb) type ‐transcription factor. Further, genome‐wide SNP annotation using SnpEff tool confirmed that these SNPs are in gene regulatory regions (upstream, 3′‐UTR, and intron) modifying gene expression and protein‐coding. This integrated approach of marker design for t‐GBS alleles, SNP functional annotation, and high‐throughput genotyping of functional SNP offers translation solutions across crops and complex traits in crop improvement programs.
Upcycling of thermoplastic polyurethane into covalent adaptable networks via chain breaking‐crosslinking strategy
Authors: Wang Binbo , Wang Yi , Li Falin , Du Shuai , Zhu Jin , Ma Songqi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), as one of the most widely used elastomers, has received rapid development, and its recycling becomes increasingly urgent. In this work, a TPU is upcycled to PU covalent adaptable networks (CANs) via chain breaking‐crosslinking strategy of being extruded with polyol and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) on a micro twin‐screw extruder. The carbamate exchange between the polyol and TPU breaks the chain of TPU and introduces plenty of reactive hydroxyl groups, which activates the TPU chain. Long‐chain‐branched TPU with hydroxyl groups is obtained during the chain‐breaking step and then crosslinked with IPDI to obtain highly crosslinked networks. PU‐CANs exhibit improved mechanical properties and elastic recovery rate, which is propitious to elastomers. Moreover, the crosslinked network greatly enhances the creep resistance and solvent resistance of the material. PU‐CANs maintain favorable reprocessability, suitable for screw extrusion and hot‐press processing. This work provides a simple and efficient method to upcycle TPU into reprocessable highly‐crosslinked polymers and improve the properties of polymers.
Histologic inflammation and collagen content are not positively correlated in human BPH
Authors: Schneider Andrew J. , Serrell Emily C. , Grimes Matthew , Wang Sijian , Bushman Wade 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionRecent clinical studies have implicated prostate inflammation and fibrosis in the development of bladder outlet obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Studies utilizing rodent models, including work in our laboratory, have shown prostate fibrosis to occur as a consequence of inflammation. However, the relationship between collagen content and inflammation in human tissue samples obtained from surgical treatment of benign prostatic hypererplasia (BPH)/LUTS has not to our knowledge been previously examined.MethodsProstate tissue specimens from 53 patients (ages 47−88, mean 65.1) treated by open simple prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate for BPH/LUTS were stained to quantitatively assess prostate inflammation and collagen content. Patients with prostate cancer present in greater than 5% of the surgical specimen were excluded. Prostate volume was determined from pelvic CT scan obtained within 2 years of surgery.ResultsAnalysis of the data showed that inflammation was inversely correlated with collagen content (r = −0.28, p = 0.04). In men with prostates less than 75 cm3 inflammation increases and collagen content decreases with prostate volume (p = 0.002 and p = 0.03, respectively) while in men with prostate volume over 75 cm3 inflammation decreases and collagen content increases with prostate volume (p = 0.30 and p = 0.005, respectively).ConclusionsOur data do not support the assumed positive association of prostate inflammation with collagen content. Coordinated analysis of scatter plots of inflammation and collagen content with prostate volume revealed a subset of prostates with volumes >50 cm3 prostate characterized by intense inflammation and low collagen content and it is this subgroup that appears most responsible for the inverse correlation of inflammation and collagen.
The role of microRNAs in muscle wasting and recovery during critical illness: a systematic review
Authors: Borja‐Gonzalez Maria , Coyne Sarah , Fagan Sarah , Casas‐Martinez Jose C. , Sannicandro Anthony J. , McNicholas Bairbre , O'Connell Kevin , Laffey John G. , O'Caoimh Rónán , McDonagh Brian , Goljanek‐Whysall Katarzyna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionCritical illness associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission often results in persistent skeletal muscle wasting and may lead to frailty in older and patients with multi‐morbidity. Early recognition of patients at high‐risk of long‐term complications could provide opportunities to minimize the impact of critical illness and improve health and quality of life. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short, non‐coding RNAs that regulate approximately two‐thirds of the human genome and are involved in most biological processes. Multiple studies have demonstrated their role in muscle development and disease and their potential as biomarkers of muscle wasting.Aim and methodsThis systematic review examined the potential of miRs as biomarkers and therapeutics for muscle wasting during and following critical illness. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for terms associated with critical illness, ICU, muscle wasting, frailty and microRNAs from inception to June 2022 (PROSPERO number CRD42022339531).ResultsOut of 537 articles, seven studies met the inclusion criteria and examined skeletal muscle and circulating miRs in the context of muscle wasting and/or frailty related to critical illness. Across the seven studies, 27 different miRs were identified that were reported to be dysregulated in the muscle and four in the blood, plasma or serum of critically ill patients. Four miRs were reported to be altered in both muscle and blood during critical illness and their levels moderately correlated with parameters of muscle function. These included canonical muscle‐enriched miRs (myomiRs), such as miR‐133, miR‐1 and miR‐181, which correlated with muscle strength in critically ill patients. However, most of the miRs reported to be dysregulated in the muscle following critical illness were examined in one article only.ConclusionsThis systematic review highlights the potential of miRs as biomarkers of skeletal muscle wasting and ICU‐associated weakness following critical illness, suggesting the need for larger validation studies using unbiased techniques. We have described circulating and muscle microRNAs, which correlated with muscle parameters during critical illness. However, the limited number of studies in this area highlights the requirement for further studies before these could be considered in clinical practice.
Evaluation of the adsorption behavior of mixed perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances onto granular activated carbon and styrene‐divinylbenzene resins
Authors: Sukeesan Suratsawadee , Boontanon Narin , Fujii Shigeo , Boontanon Suwanna Kitpati 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBecause of the remarkable chemical structure of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as the complex conditions of water, selecting an appropriate adsorbent for treating PFAS is critical. Adsorption needs to be environmentally friendly, low cost, and consider the types of adsorbents that work well in mixed PFAS solutions. In the present study, we used mixed PFAS to estimate the PFAS activity. This research aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the adsorption of PFAS from water using different adsorbents: granular activated carbon (GAC), IRA 910 (strong anion resin), and DOWEX MB‐50 (mixed exchange resin). Batch adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies were performed for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). Freundlich models consistently described the kinetic behavior with a high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.98). PFAS adsorption capacities on GAC and IRA910 were dependent on the chain length (PFOS > PFOA > PFHxS). The adsorption capacity of DOWEX MB‐50 decreased because of the sulfonate effects (PFOS > PFHxS > PFOA). The rate constants (k2) that represented the adsorption of PFAS on different adsorbents observed within 96 h were accurately determined by the pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) model. GAC achieved followed the relationship k2(PFOS) > k2(PFOA) > k2(PFHxS). Furthermore, k2 of IRA910 decreased in the order of k2(PFOA) > k2(PFOS) > k2(PFHxS), implying that IRA910 promoted hydrophobicity more significantly on the adsorption of PFCAs than perfluoroalkane (‐alkyl) sulfonic acids. The kinetics of DOWEX MB‐50 revealed k2(PFHxS) > k2(PFOS) > k2(PFOA) because gel‐type resins like DOWEX MB‐50 are more suitable for shorter‐chain PFAS. Further investigation is needed to determine the effect of organic matter under natural conditions and evaluate adsorptive selection caused by operational complexities.
Fully predefined‐time distributed observer design for second‐order strict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Lv Jixing , Kao Yonggui , Wang Changhong , Wang Feifei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDistributed observer is an effective tool to deal with leader‐following control problems. This article investigates the fully predefined‐time distributed observer (FPTDO) design problem of a generalized second‐order strict‐feedback nonlinear leader system. Firstly, given the system parameters and the upper bounds of the system nonlinearities, an FPTDO is proposed to provide the state estimates. Secondly, considering that the time‐varying system parameters and nonlinear functions of the leader system are unknown to each follower, an FPTDO is developed to estimate the time‐varying system parameters, nonlinearities and full state of the leader. The proposed FPTDOs exhibit the following advantages: (1) the observation errors converge to zero within a finite time that is predefined by only one design parameter independent of the initial conditions; (2) the designs of the FPTDOs do not require any information of the communication topology (Laplacian matrix); and (3) the exact models of the nonlinear functions are not required by each follower. Finally, simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FPTDOs.